cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Localisations of half-closed modules and the unbounded Kasparov product
Creators: name: Dungen, Koen van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19K35

description: In the context of the Kasparov product in unbounded KK-theory, a well-known theorem by Kucerovsky provides sufficient conditions for an unbounded Kasparov module to represent the (internal) Kasparov product of two other unbounded Kasparov modules. In this article, we discuss several improved and generalised variants of Kucerovsky's theorem. First, we provide a generalisation which relaxes the positivity condition, by replacing the lower bound by a relative lower bound. Second, we also discuss Kucerovsky's theorem in the context of half-closed modules, which generalise unbounded Kasparov modules to symmetric (rather than self-adjoint) operators. In order to deal with the positivity condition for such non-self-adjoint operators, we introduce a fairly general localisation procedure, which (using a suitable approximate unit) provides a 'localised representative' for the KK-class of a half-closed module. Using this localisation procedure, we then prove several variants of Kucerovsky's theorem for half-closed modules. A distinct advantage of the localised approach, also in the special case of self-adjoint operators (i.e., for unbounded Kasparov modules), is that the (global) positivity condition in Kucerovsky's original theorem is replaced by a (less restrictive) 'local' positivity condition, which is closer in spirit to the well-known Connes-Skandalis theorem in the bounded picture of KK-theory.
description: Final version, 37 pages
FairUDT: Fairness-aware Uplift Decision Trees
Creators: name: Zahid, Anam
name: Ali, Abdur Rehman
name: Raza, Shaina
name: Shahnawaz, Rai
name: Kamiran, Faisal
name: Karim, Asim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training data used for developing machine learning classifiers can exhibit biases against specific protected attributes. Such biases typically originate from historical discrimination or certain underlying patterns that disproportionately under-represent minority groups, such as those identified by their gender, religion, or race. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, FairUDT, a fairness-aware Uplift-based Decision Tree for discrimination identification. FairUDT demonstrates how the integration of uplift modeling with decision trees can be adapted to include fair splitting criteria. Additionally, we introduce a modified leaf relabeling approach for removing discrimination. We divide our dataset into favored and deprived groups based on a binary sensitive attribute, with the favored dataset serving as the treatment group and the deprived dataset as the control group. By applying FairUDT and our leaf relabeling approach to preprocess three benchmark datasets, we achieve an acceptable accuracy-discrimination tradeoff. We also show that FairUDT is inherently interpretable and can be utilized in discrimination detection tasks. The code for this project is available https://github.com/ara-25/FairUDT
description: Published in Knowledge-based Systems (2025)
A Multi-Planet System Transiting the $V$ = 9 Rapidly Rotating F-Star HD 106315
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Joseph E.
name: Zhou, George
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
name: Eastman, Jason D.
name: Kreidberg, Laura
name: Cargile, Phillip A.
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Latham, David W.
name: Irwin, Jonathan
name: Mayo, Andrew W.
name: Calkins, Michael L.
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Mink, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a multi-planet system orbiting HD 106315, a rapidly rotating mid F-type star, using data from the K2 mission. HD 106315 hosts a $2.51\pm0.12\,R_\oplus$ sub-Neptune in a 9.5 day orbit, and a $4.31_{-0.27}^{+0.24}\,R_\oplus$ super-Neptune in a 21 day orbit. The projected rotational velocity of HD 106315 (12.9 km s$^{-1}$) likely precludes precise measurements of the planets' masses, but could enable a measurement of the sky-projected spin-orbit obliquity for the outer planet via Doppler tomography. The eccentricities of both planets were constrained to be consistent with 0, following a global modeling of the system that includes a Gaia distance and dynamical arguments. The HD 106315 system is one of few multi-planet systems hosting a Neptune-sized planet for which orbital obliquity measurements are possible, making it an excellent test-case for formation mechanisms of warm-Neptunian systems. The brightness of the host star also makes HD 106315 c a candidate for future transmission spectroscopic follow-up studies.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, Accepted in AJ
Anisotropic fluid dynamics for Gubser flow
Creators: name: Martinez, M.
name: McNelis, M.
name: Heinz, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring a variety of closing schemes to the infinite hierarchy of momentum moments of the exactly solvable Boltzmann equation for systems undergoing Gubser flow, we study the precision with which the resulting hydrodynamic equations reproduce the exact evolution of hydrodynamic moments of the distribution function. We find that anisotropic hydrodynamics, obtained by ex- panding the distribution function around a dynamically evolving locally anisotropic background whose evolution is matched to exactly reproduce the macroscopic pressure anisotropy caused by the different longitudinal and transverse expansion rates in Gubser flow, provides the most accurate macroscopic description of the microscopic kinetic evolution. This confirms a similar earlier finding for Bjorken flow [Molnár, Niemi and Rischke, Phys. Rev. D 94, 125003 (2016)]. We explain the physics behind this optimal matching procedure and show that one can efficiently correct for a non- optimized matching choice by adding a residual shear stress to the energy-momentum tensor whose evolution is again determined by the Boltzmann equation. Additional insights to guide the optimal choice of a macroscopic anisotropic hydrodynamic framework for strongly-coupled systems that do not admit a microscopic kinetic description are reported.
description: 17 pages; 4 figures
Tilting objects in periodic triangulated categories
Creators: name: Saito, Shunya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A triangulated category $\mathcal{T}$ whose suspension functor $Σ$ satisfies $Σ^m \simeq \mathrm{Id}_{\mathcal{T}}$ as additive functors is called an $m$-periodic triangulated category. Such a category does not have a tilting object by the periodicity. In this paper, we introduce the notion of an $m$-periodic tilting object in an $m$-periodic triangulated category, which is a periodic analogue of a tilting object in a triangulated category, and prove that an $m$-periodic triangulated category having an $m$-periodic tilting object is triangulated equivalent to the $m$-periodic derived category of an algebra under some homological assumptions. As an application, we construct a triangulated equivalence between the stable category of a self-injective algebra and the $m$-periodic derived category of a hereditary algebra.
description: 23 pages, Added new and corrected an error in the previous version, comments welcome
title: Adrenal infarction and hemorrhage: diagnosis with CT scan
Creators: name: de Fuenmayor Icardo, Alicia
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Anatomy
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 50-year-old man presented to the ER with sudden pain in the upper left hemiabdomen, vomiting, sweating, and paleness (BP: 130/80 mmHg; HR: 50 BPM). Suspecting aortic dissection, a CT angiography of the aorta was performed. Thirteen days later, the patient presented with the same acute pain on the contralateral side.

description: 50 years, male
Grazing-sliding bifurcations creating infinitely many attractors
Creators: name: Simpson, David J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37G15, 37G35, 34A36

description: As the parameters of a piecewise-smooth system of ODEs are varied, a periodic orbit undergoes a bifurcation when it collides with a surface where the system is discontinuous. Under certain conditions this is a grazing-sliding bifurcation. Near grazing-sliding bifurcations structurally stable dynamics are captured by piecewise-linear continuous maps. Recently it was shown that maps of this class can have infinitely many asymptotically stable periodic solutions of a simple type. Here this result is used to show that at a grazing-sliding bifurcation an asymptotically stable periodic orbit can bifurcate into infinitely many asymptotically stable periodic orbits. For an abstract ODE system the periodic orbits are continued numerically revealing subsequent bifurcations at which they are destroyed.
Shifted cotangent stacks are shifted symplectic
Creators: name: Calaque, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that shifted cotangent stacks carry a canonical shifted symplectic structure. We also prove that shifted conormal stacks carry a canonical Lagrangian structure. These results were believed to be true but no written proof was available in the Artin case.
description: 16 pages. Minor corrections. To appear in Annales de la Facult\'e des Sciences de Toulouse
Generic Properties of Stochastic Entropy Production
Creators: name: Pigolotti, Simone
name: Neri, Izaak
name: Roldán, Édgar
name: Jülicher, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an Ito stochastic differential equation for entropy production in nonequilibrium Langevin processes. Introducing a random-time transformation, entropy production obeys a one-dimensional drift-diffusion equation, independent of the underlying physical model. This transformation allows us to identify generic properties of entropy production. It also leads to an exact uncertainty equality relating the Fano factor of entropy production and the Fano factor of the random time, which we also generalize to non steady-state conditions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures (contains Supplemental Material, 7 pages)
Dealing with ghost-free massive gravity without explicit square roots of matrices
Creators: name: Golovnev, Alexey
name: Smirnov, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we entertain a simple idea that the action of ghost free massive gravity (in metric formulation) depends not on the full structure of the square root of a matrix but rather on its invariants given by elementary symmetric polynomials of the eigenvalues. In particular, we show how one can construct the quadratic action around Minkowski spacetime without ever taking the square root of the perturbed matrix. The method is however absolutely generic. And it also contains full information on possible non-standard square roots coming from intrinsic non-uniqueness of the procedure. In passing, we mention some hard problems of those apocryphal square roots in the standard approach which might be better tackled with our method. Futher details of the latter are deferred to a separate paper.
description: 7 pages; minor changes, a few references added
title: Imaging and devascularisation of rare hypervascular placental site trophoblastic tumour
Creators: name: Mendoza, Kim Ivan
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Interventional radiology
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Oncology
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: The patient is a 37-year-old G1P0 (gravida 1 para 0) female who presented with a one-month history of heavy menstrual bleeding. The patient was referred to our department to manage an initially suspected associated uterine arteriovenous malformation seen on transvaginal ultrasound.

description: 37 years, female
Spectral analysis of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics: spectral phonon temperature and phonon local non-equilibrium in thin films and across interfaces
Creators: name: Feng, Tianli
name: Yao, Wenjun
name: Wang, Zuyuan
name: Shi, Jingjing
name: Li, Chuang
name: Cao, Bingyang
name: Ruan, Xiulin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although extensive experimental and theoretical works have been conducted to understand the ballistic and diffusive phonon transport in nanomaterials recently, direct observation of temperature and thermal nonequilibrium of different phonon modes has not been realized. Herein, we have developed a method within the framework of molecular dynamics to calculate the temperatures of phonon in both real and phase spaces. Taking silicon thin film and graphene as examples, we directly obtained the spectral phonon temperature (SPT) and observed the local thermal nonequilibrium between the ballistic and diffusive phonons. Such nonequilibrium also generally exists across interfaces and is surprisingly large, and it provides an additional thermal interfacial resistance mechanism. Our SPT results directly show that the vertical thermal transport across the dimensionally mismatched graphene/substrate interface is through the coupling between flexural acoustic phonons of graphene and the longitudinal phonons in the substrate with mode conversion. In the dimensionally matched interfaces, e.g. graphene/graphene junction and graphene/boron nitride planar interfaces, strong coupling occurs between the acoustic phonon modes on both sides, and the coupling decreases with interfacial mixing. The SPT method together with the spectral heat flux can eliminate the size effect of the thermal conductivity prediction induced from ballistic transport. Our work shows that in thin films and across interfaces, phonons are in local thermal nonequilibrium.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Compiling Arbitrary Single-Qubit Gates Via the Phase-Shifts of Microwave Pulses
Creators: name: Chen, Jianxin
name: Ding, Dawei
name: Huang, Cupjin
name: Ye, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an arbitrary single-qubit gate compilation scheme on superconducting processors that takes advantage of tuning the phase shift of microwave pulses to obtain a continuous gate set. This scheme is compatible with any two-qubit gate, and we only need to calibrate the $X_π$ and $X_{π/2}$ pulses. We implement this on fluxonium and obtain state-of-the-art fidelities. We give two other schemes: the first requires one $X_π$ pulse and one pulse with a variable rotation angle, and the second requires four $X_{π/2}$ pulses. We also find that if we can do virtual $Z$ gates, then we can also do virtual gates around any axis. Our results apply to any physical platform that natively supports virtual $Z$.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Perturbative readout error mitigation for near term quantum computers
Creators: name: Peters, Evan
name: Li, Andy C. Y.
name: Perdue, Gabriel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Readout errors on near-term quantum computers can introduce significant error to the empirical probability distribution sampled from the output of a quantum circuit. These errors can be mitigated by classical postprocessing given the access of an experimental \emph{response matrix} that describes the error associated with measurement of each computational basis state. However, the resources required to characterize a complete response matrix and to compute the corrected probability distribution scale exponentially in the number of qubits $n$. In this work, we modify standard matrix inversion techniques using two perturbative approximations with significantly reduced complexity and bounded error when the likelihood of high order bitflip events is strongly suppressed. Given a characteristic error rate $q$, our first method recovers the probability of the all-zeros bitstring $p_0$ by sampling only a small subspace of the response matrix before inverting readout error resulting in a relative speedup of $\text{poly}\left(2^{n} / \big(\begin{smallmatrix} n \\ w \end{smallmatrix}\big)\right)$, which we motivate using a simplified error model for which the approximation incurs only $O(q^w)$ error for some integer $w$. We then provide a generalized technique to efficiently recover full output distributions with $O(q^w)$ error in the perturbative limit. These approximate techniques for readout error correction may greatly accelerate near term quantum computing applications.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
title: Median arcuate ligament syndrome with pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm and retroperitoneal hematoma
Creators: name: Helmi, Sina
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Dissection
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 72-year-old male without any known past abdominal surgery, presented to the emergency department with mild-to-moderate left-sided abdominal pain, nausea, and a single episode of vomiting. The pain was severe enough to wake him up and worsened after eating lunch. The patient was afebrile and had normal vital signs.

description: 72 years, male
Breaking of SU(4) symmetry and interplay between strongly correlated phases in the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Golubeva, A.
name: Sotnikov, A.
name: Cichy, A.
name: Kuneš, J.
name: Hofstetter, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamic properties of four-component fermionic mixtures described by the Hubbard model using the dynamical mean-field-theory approach. Special attention is given to the system with SU(4)-symmetric interactions at half filling, where we analyze equilibrium many-body phases and their coexistence regions at nonzero temperature for the case of simple cubic lattice geometry. We also determine the evolution of observables in low-temperature phases while lowering the symmetry of the Hamiltonian towards the two-band Hubbard model. This is achieved by varying interflavor interactions or by introducing the spin-flip term (Hund's coupling). By calculating the entropy for different symmetries of the model, we determine the optimal regimes for approaching the studied phases in experiments with ultracold alkali and alkaline-earth-like atoms in optical lattices.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, final version
Relation-Based Associative Joint Location for Human Pose Estimation in Videos
Creators: name: Dang, Yonghao
name: Yin, Jianqin
name: Zhang, Shaojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video-based human pose estimation (VHPE) is a vital yet challenging task. While deep learning methods have made significant progress for the VHPE, most approaches to this task implicitly model the long-range interaction between joints by enlarging the receptive field of the convolution. Unlike prior methods, we design a lightweight and plug-and-play joint relation extractor (JRE) to model the associative relationship between joints explicitly and automatically. The JRE takes the pseudo heatmaps of joints as input and calculates the similarity between pseudo heatmaps. In this way, the JRE flexibly learns the relationship between any two joints, allowing it to learn the rich spatial configuration of human poses. Moreover, the JRE can infer invisible joints according to the relationship between joints, which is beneficial for the model to locate occluded joints. Then, combined with temporal semantic continuity modeling, we propose a Relation-based Pose Semantics Transfer Network (RPSTN) for video-based human pose estimation. Specifically, to capture the temporal dynamics of poses, the pose semantic information of the current frame is transferred to the next with a joint relation guided pose semantics propagator (JRPSP). The proposed model can transfer the pose semantic features from the non-occluded frame to the occluded frame, making our method robust to the occlusion. Furthermore, the proposed JRE module is also suitable for image-based human pose estimation. The proposed RPSTN achieves state-of-the-art results on the video-based Penn Action dataset, Sub-JHMDB dataset, and PoseTrack2018 dataset. Moreover, the proposed JRE improves the performance of backbones on the image-based COCO2017 dataset. Code is available at https://github.com/YHDang/pose-estimation.
Negative longitudinal magnetoresistance from anomalous N=0 Landau level in topological materials
Creators: name: Assaf, B. A.
name: Phuphachong, T.
name: Kampert, E.
name: Volobuev, V. V.
name: Mandal, P. S.
name: Sánchez-Barriga, J.
name: Rader, O.
name: Bauer, G.
name: Springholz, G.
name: de Vaulchier, L. A.
name: Guldner, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Negative longitudinal magnetoresistance (NLMR) is shown to occur in topological materials in the extreme quantum limit, when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the excitation current. We perform pulsed and DC field measurements on Pb1-xSnxSe epilayers where the topological state can be chemically tuned. The NLMR is observed in the topological state, but is suppressed and becomes positive when the system becomes trivial. In a topological material, the lowest N=0 conduction Landau level disperses down in energy as a function of increasing magnetic field, while the N=0 valence Landau level disperses upwards. This anomalous behavior is shown to be responsible for the observed NLMR. Our work provides an explanation of the outstanding question of NLMR in topological insulators and establishes this effect as a possible hallmark of bulk conduction in topological matter.
description: Accepted in Physical Review Letters
Promoting Self-Efficacy and Employability Skills of Tertiary Education Students in Nigeria Optimizing 'Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme' (Siwes).pdf
Creators: name: Orji, Evelyn   Ijeoma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390305
subject: Professional education and training

description: Education is considered as a society’s machinery to equip its citizens with capacity (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) for useful living and to play patriotic and supportive role in national development. The assumed expectation of education stakeholders like parents, students, employers of labour and the general public is that the curricular activities of tertiary institutions should promote graduates’ self?efficacy and equip them with employability skills. However, this expectation has been disappointingly very low. This is mirrored from the numerous evidences which abound in literature. The poor quality of graduates produced by some tertiary institutions has contributed to the rise in the number of unemployed persons in the Nigerian Society. The cause of this negative outcome has been blamed on some factors; personal and societal factors, including the theoretical based curricular offerings by some tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Intervention by Government on this problem of lack of employability skills has been through many reform programmes. Industrial training program being one of such reforms was a strategy to help bridge the widening gap between academic knowledge and practice. This program in the tertiary institution takes the form of “Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme” (SIWES) which purpose is to equip students with employability and job skills. This paper therefore examines the content of this SIWES program with the view to identifying gaps in implementation among others. This researcher advocates the optimization of ‘SIWES’ as a panacea for promoting self-efficacy and employability skills of final year students of tertiary institution in Nigeria. Recommendations which include were counselling implications were made for management of tertiary institutions. Keywords: Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme, Self-efficacy, Employability Skills, Tertiary Institution.
Detector-Independent Verification of Quantum Light
Creators: name: Sperling, J.
name: Clements, W. R.
name: Eckstein, A.
name: Moore, M.
name: Renema, J. J.
name: Kolthammer, W. S.
name: Nam, S. W.
name: Lita, A.
name: Gerrits, T.
name: Vogel, W.
name: Agarwal, G. S.
name: Walmsley, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method for the verification of nonclassical light which is independent of the complex interaction between the generated light and the material of the detectors. This is accomplished by means of a multiplexing arrangement. Its theoretical description yields that the coincidence statistics of this measurement layout is a mixture of multinomial distributions for any classical light field and any type of detector. This allows us to formulate bounds on the statistical properties of classical states. We apply our directly accessible method to heralded multiphoton states which are detected with a single multiplexing step only and two detectors, which are in our work superconducting transition-edge sensors. The nonclassicality of the generated light is verified and characterized through the violation of the classical bounds without the need for characterizing the used detectors.
description: close to published version
Electronic Mechanism that Quenches Field-Driven Heating as Illustrated with the Static Holstein Model
Creators: name: Weber, Manuel
name: Freericks, James K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-dependent driving of quantum systems has emerged as a powerful tool to engineer exotic phases far from thermal equilibrium, but in the presence of many-body interactions it also leads to runaway heating, so that generic systems are believed to heat up until they reach a featureless infinite-temperature state. Understanding the mechanisms by which such a heat death can be slowed down or even avoided is a major goal -- one such mechanism is to drive toward an even distribution of electrons in momentum space. Here we show how such a mechanism avoids runaway heating for an interacting charge-density-wave chain with a macroscopic number of conserved quantities when driven by a strong dc electric field; minibands with nontrivial distribution functions develop as the current is prematurely driven to zero. Moreover, when approaching a zero-temperature resonance, the field strength can tune between positive, negative, or close-to-infinite effective temperatures for each miniband. Our results suggest that nontrivial metastable distribution functions should be realized in the prethermal regime of quantum systems coupled to slow bosonic modes.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures (plus supplemental material: 9 pages, 7 figures); final version
Minutes from IEA Wind Task 52 General Meeting 2023
Creators: name: Gottschall, Julia
name: Szyslo, Tom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The IEA Wind Task 52 General Meeting 2023 took place online. The meeting was designed to provide information about the current status of wind lidar technology, the Task 52 working groups and the collaboration with other IEA Wind Tasks. The virtual meeting was organised as a mix of presentations, discussions and polls. Attached are the meeting minutes and all presentation (see agenda in minutes) given during the 2-day meeting.
Ultrasensitivity and Fluctuations in the Barkai-Leibler Model of Chemotaxis Receptors in {\it Escherichia coli}
Creators: name: Roy, Ushasi
name: Gopalakrishnan, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A stochastic version of the Barkai-Leibler model of chemotaxis receptors in {\it E. coli} is studied here to elucidate the effects of intrinsic network noise in their conformational dynamics. It was originally proposed to explain the robust and near-perfect adaptation of {\it E. coli} observed across a wide range of spatially uniform attractant/repellent (ligand) concentrations. A receptor is either active or inactive and can stochastically switch between the two states. Enzyme CheR methylates inactive receptors while CheB demethylates active ones and the probability for it to be active depends on its level of methylation and ligandation. A simple version of the model with two methylation sites per receptor (M=2) shows zero-order ultrasensitivity (ZOU) akin to the classical 2-state model of covalent modification studied by Goldbeter and Koshland (GK). For extremely small and large ligand concentrations, the system reduces to two 2-state GK modules. A quantitative measure of the spontaneous fluctuations in activity (variance) estimated mathematically under linear noise approximation (LNA) is found to peak near the ZOU transition. The variance is a weak, non-monotonic and decreasing functions of ligand and receptor concentrations. Gillespie simulations for M=2 show excellent agreement with analytical results obtained under LNA. Numerical results for M=2, 3 and 4 show ZOU in mean activity; the variance is found to be smaller for larger M. The magnitude of receptor noise deduced from available experimental data is consistent with our predictions. A simple analysis of the downstream signaling pathway shows that this noise is large enough to have a beneficial effect on the motility of the organism. The response of mean receptor activity to small time-dependent changes in the external ligand concentration, computed within linear response theory, is found to have a bilobe form.
description: Accepted in PLoS One
Certifying multi-mode light-matter interaction in lossy resonators
Creators: name: Lentrodt, Dominik
name: Diekmann, Oliver
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
name: Rotter, Stefan
name: Evers, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum models based on few-mode Master equations have been a central tool in the study of resonator quantum electrodynamics, extending the seminal single-mode Jaynes-Cummings model to include loss and multiple modes. Despite their broad application range, previous approaches within this framework have either relied on a Markov approximation or a fitting procedure. By combining ideas from pseudomode and quasinormal mode theory, we develop a certification criterion for multi-mode effects in lossy resonators. It is based on a witness observable, and neither requires a fitting procedure nor a Markov approximation. Using the resulting criterion, we demonstrate that such multi-mode effects are important for understanding previous experiments in X-ray cavity QED with Mössbauer nuclei and that they allow one to tune the nuclear ensemble properties.
Non linear conductivity and collective charge excitations in the lowest Landau level
Creators: name: Auerbach, Assa
name: Arovas, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For weakly disordered fractional quantum Hall phases, the non linear photoconductivity is related to the charge susceptibility of the clean system by a Floquet boost. Thus, it may be possible to probe collective charge modes at finite wavevectors by electrical transport. Incompressible phases, irradiated at slightly above the magneto-roton gap, are predicted to exhibit negative photoconductivity and zero resistance states with spontaneous internal electric fields. Non linear conductivity can probe composite fermions' charge excitations in compressible filling factors.
description: 5 Pages, 3 figures. Revised, Added references
Quantitative Element‐Sensitive Analysis of Individual Nanoobjects
Creators: name: Wählisch, André
name: Unterumsberger, Rainer
name: Hönicke, Philipp
name: Lubeck, Janin
name: Kayser, Yves
name: Weser, Jan
name: Dai, Gaoliang
name: Hahm, Kai
name: Weimann, Thomas
name: Seim, Christian
name: Rehbein, Stefan
name: Beckhoff, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: nanobeam X‐ray fluorescence
subject: nanometrology
subject: nanostructure characterization
subject: quantitative analysis
subject: XRF

description: A reliable and quantitative material analysis is crucial for assessing new technological processes, especially to facilitate a quantitative understanding of advanced material properties at the nanoscale. To this end, X‐ray fluorescence microscopy techniques can offer an element‐sensitive and non‐destructive tool for the investigation of a wide range of nanotechnological materials. Since X‐ray radiation provides information depths of up to the microscale, even stratified or buried arrangements are easily accessible without invasive sample preparation. However, in terms of the quantification capabilities, these approaches are usually restricted to a qualitative or semi‐quantitative analysis at the nanoscale. Relying on comparable reference nanomaterials is often not straightforward or impossible because the development of innovative nanomaterials has proven to be more fast‐paced than any development process for appropriate reference materials. The present work corroborates that a traceable quantification of individual nanoobjects can be realized by means of an X‐ray fluorescence microscope when utilizing rather conventional but well‐calibrated instrumentation instead of reference materials. As a proof of concept, the total number of atoms forming a germanium nanoobject is quantified using soft X‐ray radiation. Furthermore, complementary dimensional parameters of such objects are reconstructed.
PRODIGEES Policy Labs: Guiding points for writing our scientific policy advice
Creators: name: Grimm, Sven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Digitalisation
Digitalization
PRODIGEES Policy Labs
Policy Brief
Policy Advice

description: This is a short summary by Sven Grimm (German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS)) on how to give scientific policy advice. It includes guiding points for writing a policy brief and was published during the PRODIGEES Policy Labs hosted by the University of Stellenbosch in April 2024.
description: H2020 MSCA-RISE, GA873119. PRODIGEES
CellProfiler Analyst 3.0: Accessible data exploration and machine learning for image analysis
Creators: name: Stirling, David R.
name: Carpenter, Anne E.
name: Cimini, Beth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Image-based experiments can yield many thousands of individual measurements describing each object of interest, such as cells in microscopy screens. CellProfiler Analyst is a free, open-source software package designed for the exploration of quantitative image-derived data and the training of machine learning classifiers with an intuitive user interface. We have now released CellProfiler Analyst 3.0, which in addition to enhanced performance adds support for neural network classifiers, identifying rare object subsets, and direct transfer of objects of interest from visualisation tools into the Classifier tool for use as training data. This release also increases interoperability with the recently released CellProfiler 4, making it easier for users to detect and measure particular classes of objects in their analyses.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
title: Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome: a case report
Creators: name: Margariti, Persefoni
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Cancer
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 52-year-old man with history of metastatic testicular seminoma and adjuvant brain irradiation therapy (21 years ago) with recurrent seizures during the last 11 years presented with aphasia, altered mental status of consciousness and hemiparesis of the right upper and right lower limb, with referred symptoms’ initiation 6 days ago.

description: 52 years, male
High-fidelity three-qubit iToffoli gate for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Kim, Yosep
name: Morvan, Alexis
name: Nguyen, Long B.
name: Naik, Ravi K.
name: Jünger, Christian
name: Chen, Larry
name: Kreikebaum, John Mark
name: Santiago, David I.
name: Siddiqi, Irfan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices has extended the scope of executable quantum circuits with high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates. Equipping NISQ devices with three-qubit gates will enable the realization of more complex quantum algorithms and efficient quantum error correction protocols with reduced circuit depth. Several three-qubit gates have been implemented for superconducting qubits, but their use in gate synthesis has been limited due to their low fidelity. Here, using fixed-frequency superconducting qubits, we demonstrate a high-fidelity iToffoli gate based on two-qubit interactions, the so-called cross-resonance effect. As with the Toffoli gate, this three-qubit gate can be used to perform universal quantum computation. The iToffoli gate is implemented by simultaneously applying microwave pulses to a linear chain of three qubits, revealing a process fidelity as high as 98.26(2)%. Moreover, we numerically show that our gate scheme can produce additional three-qubit gates which provide more efficient gate synthesis than the Toffoli and iToffoli gates. Our work not only brings a high-fidelity iToffoli gate to current superconducting quantum processors but also opens a pathway for developing multi-qubit gates based on two-qubit interactions.
Evolution of a proto-neutron star with a nuclear many-body equation of state: Neutrino luminosity and gravitational wave frequencies
Creators: name: Camelio, Giovanni
name: Lovato, Alessandro
name: Gualtieri, Leonardo
name: Benhar, Omar
name: Pons, José A.
name: Ferrari, Valeria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a core-collapse supernova, a huge amount of energy is released in the Kelvin-Helmholtz phase subsequent to the explosion, when the proto-neutron star cools and deleptonizes as it loses neutrinos. Most of this energy is emitted through neutrinos, but a fraction of it can be released through gravitational waves. We model the evolution of a proto-neutron star in the Kelvin-Helmholtz phase using a general relativistic numerical code, and a recently proposed finite temperature, many-body equation of state; from this we consistently compute the diffusion coefficients driving the evolution. To include the many-body equation of state, we develop a new fitting formula for the high density baryon free energy at finite temperature and intermediate proton fraction. We estimate the emitted neutrino signal, assessing its detectability by present terrestrial detectors, and we determine the frequencies and damping times of the quasi-normal modes which would characterize the gravitational wave signal emitted in this stage.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures, accepted by PRD
Quantum phase transitions of a generalized compass chain with staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Wu, Qing-Qiu
name: Ni, Wei-Hai
name: You, Wen-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of one-dimensional compass models with staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interactions in an external transverse magnetic field. Based on the exact solution derived from Jordan-Wigner approach, we study the excitation gap, energy spectra, spin correlations and critical properties at phase transitions. We explore mutual effects of the staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the magnetic field on the energy spectra and the ground-state phase diagram. Thermodynamic quantities including the entropy and the specific heat are discussed, and their universal scalings at low temperature are demonstrated.
description: 8 page, 10 figures
Analytic Closures for M1 Neutrino Transport
Creators: name: Murchikova, Lena
name: Abdikamalov, Ernazar
name: Urbatsch, Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carefully accounting for neutrino transport is an essential component of many astrophysical studies. Solving the full transport equation is too expensive for most realistic applications, especially those involving multiple spatial dimensions. For such cases, resorting to approximations is often the only viable option for obtaining solutions. One such approximation, which recently became popular, is the M1 method. It utilizes the system of the lowest two moments of the transport equation and closes the system with an ad hoc closure relation. The accuracy of the M1 solution depends on the quality of the closure. Several closures have been proposed in the literature and have been used in various studies. We carry out an extensive study of these closures by comparing the results of M1 calculations with precise Monte Carlo calculations of the radiation field around spherically-symmetric protoneutron star models. We find that no closure performs consistently better or worse than others in all cases. The level of accuracy a given closure yields depends on the matter configuration, neutrino type, and neutrino energy. Given this limitation, the maximum entropy closure by Minerbo (1978) on average yields relatively accurate results in the broadest set of cases considered in this work.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 appendix v2. discussion of the moment 3 is added, references added, few points clarified. Accepted to MNRAS
Gradient flows, adjoint orbits, and the topology of totally nonnegative flag varieties
Creators: name: Bloch, Anthony M.
name: Karp, Steven N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15B48, 14M15, 20G20, 17B45, 81T60, 37J35

description: One can view a partial flag variety in $\mathbb{C}^n$ as an adjoint orbit $\mathcal{O}_λ$ inside the Lie algebra of $n \times n$ skew-Hermitian matrices. We use the orbit context to study the totally nonnegative part of a partial flag variety from an algebraic, geometric, and dynamical perspective. The paper has three main parts: (1) We introduce the totally nonnegative part of $\mathcal{O}_λ$, and describe it explicitly in several cases. We define a twist map on it, which generalizes (in type $A$) a map of Bloch, Flaschka, and Ratiu (1990) on an isospectral manifold of Jacobi matrices. (2) We study gradient flows on $\mathcal{O}_λ$ which preserve positivity, working in three natural Riemannian metrics. In the Kähler metric, positivity is preserved in many cases of interest, extending results of Galashin, Karp, and Lam (2017, 2019). In the normal metric, positivity is essentially never preserved on a generic orbit. In the induced metric, whether positivity is preserved appears to depends on the spacing of the eigenvalues defining the orbit. (3) We present two applications. First, we discuss the topology of totally nonnegative flag varieties and amplituhedra. Galashin, Karp, and Lam (2017, 2019) showed that the former are homeomorphic to closed balls, and we interpret their argument in the orbit framework. We also show that a new family of amplituhedra, which we call twisted Vandermonde amplituhedra, are homeomorphic to closed balls. Second, we discuss the symmetric Toda flow on $\mathcal{O}_λ$. We show that it preserves positivity, and that on the totally nonnegative part, it is a gradient flow in the Kähler metric up to applying the twist map. This extends a result of Bloch, Flaschka, and Ratiu (1990).
description: 79 pages. v2: Updated references. v3: Minor changes
Full wave function optimization with quantum Monte Carlo and its effect on the dissociation energy of FeS
Creators: name: Mood, Kaveh Haghighi
name: Lüchow, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations with partial and full optimization of the guide function are carried out for the dissociation of the FeS molecule. For the first time, quantum Monte Carlo orbital optimization for transition metal compounds is performed. It is demonstrated that energy optimization of the orbitals of a complete active space wave function in the presence of a Jastrow correlation function is required to obtain agreement with the experimental dissociation energy. Furthermore, it is shown that orbital optimization leads to a $^5Δ$ ground state, in agreement with experiments, but in disagreement with other high-level ab initio wave function calculations which all predict a $^5Σ^+$ ground state. The role of the Jastrow factor in DMC calculations with pseudo potentials is investigated. The results suggest that a large Jastrow factor may improve the DMC accuracy substantially at small additional cost.