cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of titanium in electromigrated tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Frimmer, Martin
name: Puebla-Hellmann, Gabriel
name: Wallraff, Andreas
name: Novotny, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A standard route for fabrication of nanoscopic tunnel junctions is via electromigration of lithographically prepared gold nanowires. In the lithography process, a thin adhesion layer, typically titanium, is used to promote the adhesion of the gold nanowires to the substrate. Here, we demonstrate that such an adhesion layer plays a vital role in the electrical transport behavior of electromigrated tunnel junctions. We show that junctions fabricated from gold deposited on top of a titanium adhesion layer are electrically stable at ambient conditions, in contrast to gold junctions without a titanium adhesion layer. We furthermore find that electromigrated junctions fabricated from pure titanium are electrically exceptionally stable. Based on our transport data, we provide evidence that the barrier in gold-on-titanium tunnel devices is formed by the native oxide of titanium.
Fossil Fragments tracing the  Galactic bulge formation process
Creators: name: Ferraro, Francesco R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: We have discovered that two objects commonly catalogued as bulge globular clusters (Terzan 5 and Liller 1) are actually complex stellar systems hosting stars with very different ages and iron content, and showing a striking chemical similarity to the bulge field population. They possibly are remnants of more massive structures that, in place of dissolving and contributing to the assembling of the bulge, evolved in isolation and experienced a second burst of star formation from gas enriched by supernova ejecta.  In this talk I summarize the main findings and discuss the possible link among these systems and the massive clumps observed at high redshift.
Universal Braess paradox in open quantum dots
Creators: name: Barbosa, A. L. R.
name: Bazeia, D.
name: Ramos, J. G. G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analytical and numerical results that demonstrate the presence of the Braess paradox in chaotic quantum dots. The paradox that we identify, originally perceived in classical networks, shows that the addition of more capacity to the network can suppress the current flow in the universal regime. We investigate the weak localization term, showing that it presents the paradox encoded in a saturation minimum of the conductance, under the presence of hyperflow in the external leads. In addition, we demonstrate that the weak localization suffers a transition signal depending on the overcapacity lead and presents an echo on the magnetic crossover before going to zero due to the full time-reversal symmetry breaking.We also show that the quantum interference contribution can dominate the Ohm term in the presence of constrictions and that the corresponding Fano factor engenders an anomalous behavior
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Rat androgen-binding protein: evidence for identical subunits and amino acid sequence homology with human sex hormone-binding globulin.
Creators: name: French, F. S.
name: Hall, S. H.
name: Joseph, D. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: The cDNA for rat androgen-binding protein (ABP) was previously isolated from a bacteriophage lambda gt11 rat testis cDNA library and its identity was confirmed by epitope selection. Hybrid-arrested translation studies have now demonstrated the identity of the isolates. The nucleotide sequence of a near full-length cDNA encodes a 403-amino acid precursor (Mr = 44,539), which agrees in size with the cell-free translation product (Mr = 45,000) of ABP mRNA. Putative sites of N-glycosylation and signal peptide cleavage were identified. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of rat ABP with the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of human sex hormone-binding globulin revealed that 17 of 25 residues are identical. On the basis of the predicted amino acid sequence the molecular weight of the primary translation product, lacking the signal peptide, was 41,183. Hybridization analyses indicated that the two subunits of ABP are coded for by a single gene and a single mRNA species. Our results suggest that ABP consists of two subunits with identical primary sequences and that differences in post-translational processing result in the production of 47,000 and 41,000 molecular weight monomers.
Converting to online conversations in COVID-19: People with aphasia and students’ experiences of an online Conversation Partner Scheme
Creators: name: Kearns, Aine
name: Cunningham, Roisin
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: A Conversation Partner Scheme (CPS) can provide an opportunity for students to learn about acquired communication disorders, develop skills to support adults in conversations and reflect on their personal attitudes about communication disability. It can also enhance communication, facilitate social inclusion and participation and increase well-being for CPS partners with acquired communication disabilities. The format of a CPS generally includes conversation-training workshops followed by face-to-face supported conversations. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health guidance necessitated the transition of all components of the scheme (training and conversations) to an online format. Aims: The aim of this case study was to investigate the feasibility of an online CPS and explore the participants’ experience of this format. Methods & Procedures: A case study design was undertaken with feasibility objectives examining Implementation, Practicality, Adaption, Integration and Acceptability of the online CPS. Data was gathered from students using questionnaires. Online semi-structured interviews were carried out with seven persons with aphasia (PwA) who participated as CPS partners. Technical challenges, duration of conversations and topics of conversations were also recorded. Results and Conclusions: Twenty-seven speech and language therapy students and 14 CPS partners took part in the CPS. Eighty-five online conversation sessions were carried out. All seven PwA and many of the students (87.5%) perceived an online format as suitable for CPS conversations. However, many students high-lighted the value of in-person contact and reported that the online format constrained the use of some communication ramps. The PwA repeatedly commended their student conversation partners and noted the CPS provided an opportunity for increased social interaction during the public health restrictions. The online CPS provided a timely opportunity for students to practice supported communication skills and was perceived to be important for student training and communication skills development.
Hydrogen delivery onto white dwarfs from remnant exo-Oort cloud comets
Creators: name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Shannon, Andrew
name: Gaensicke, Boris T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of trace hydrogen in white dwarfs (WDs) with He-dominated atmospheres is a long-standing problem, one that cannot satisfactorily be explained by the historically-favoured hypothesis of accretion from the interstellar medium. Here we explore the possibility that the gradual accretion of exo-Oort cloud comets, which are a rich source of H, contributes to the apparent increase of trace H with WD cooling age. We determine how often remnant exo-Oort clouds, freshly excited from post-main-sequence stellar mass loss, dynamically inject comets inside the WD's Roche radius. We improve upon previous studies by considering a representative range of single WD masses (0.52-1.00 Solar masses) and incorporating different cloud architectures, giant branch stellar mass loss, stellar flybys, Galactic tides and a realistic escape ellipsoid in self-consistent numerical simulations that integrate beyond 8 Gyr ages of WD cooling. We find that about 10^{-5} of the material in an exo-Oort cloud is typically amassed onto the WD, and that the H deposits accumulate even as the cloud dissipates. This accumulation may account for the relatively large amount of trace H, 10^{22}-10^{25} g, that is determined frequently among WDs with cooling ages >= 1 Gyr. Our results also reaffirm the notion that exo-Oort cloud comets are not the primary agents of the metal budgets observed in polluted WD atmospheres.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Photon-photon gate via the interaction between two collective Rydberg excitations
Creators: name: Khazali, Mohammadsadegh
name: Heshami, Khabat
name: Simon, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for a deterministic controlled-phase gate between two photons based on the strong interaction between two stationary collective Rydberg excitations in an atomic ensemble. The distance-dependent character of the interaction causes both a momentum displacement of the collective excitations and unwanted entanglement between them. We show that these effects can be overcome by swapping the collective excitations in space and by optimizing the geometry, resulting in a photon-photon gate with high fidelity and efficiency.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Состав и структура зоопланктона термокарстовых озёр Большеземельской тундры (Ненецкий автономный округ)
Creators: name: Собко Е.И.
name: Манасыпов Р.М.
name: Забелина С.А.
name: Чупаков А.В.
name: Чупакова А.А.
name: Шорина Н.В.
Publisher: name: Труды Института биологии внутренних вод РАН
Year: 2017

description: Приведены сведения о видовом составе, таксономической и трофической структуре, количественном развитии зоопланктона озёрно-болотных экосистем Большеземельской тундры (Ненецкий автономный округ). Планктонная фауна представлена 51 видом. Зоопланктонные сообщества представлены видами характерными для водоёмов северных широт. По числу видов, численности и биомассе в планктоне доминируют Cladocera. В трофической структуре исследуемых водоёмов преобладают первичные фильтраторы, добывающие пищу в толще воды. В видовом составе зоопланктона озёр, находящихся на разных стадиях развития существенных различий не выявлено. Отмечено снижение количественных показателей планктона в зарастающих озёрах. Анализ состава и структуры зоопланктона позволяет отнести водоёмы к олигои мезотрофному типу.
Clustering properties of moderate luminosity X-ray selected Type 1 and Type 2 AGN at z~3
Creators: name: Allevato, V.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Civano, F.
name: Cappelluti, N.
name: Shankar, F.
name: Miyaji, T.
name: Hasinger, G.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Lanzuisi, G.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Comastri, A.
name: Silverman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, for the first time at z~3, the clustering properties of 189 Type 1 and 157 Type 2 X-ray active galactic nuclei (AGN) of moderate luminosity (log = 45.3 erg/s), with photometric or spectroscopic redshifts in the range 2.2
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The Overlap of Numerical Relativity, Perturbation Theory and Post-Newtonian Theory in the Binary Black Hole Problem
Creators: name: Tiec, Alexandre Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspiralling and coalescing binary black holes are promising sources of gravitational radiation. The orbital motion and gravitational-wave emission of such system can be modelled using a variety of approximation schemes and numerical methods in general relativity: the post-Newtonian formalism, black hole perturbation theory, numerical relativity simulations, and the effective one-body model. We review recent work at the multiple interfaces of these analytical and numerical techniques, emphasizing the use of coordinate-invariant relationships to perform meaningful comparisons. Such comparisons provide independent checks of the validity of the various calculations, they inform the development of a universal, semi-analytical model of the binary dynamics and gravitational-wave emission, and they help to delineate the respective domains of validity of each approximation method. For instance, several recent comparisons suggest that perturbation theory may find applications in a broader range of physical problems than previously thought, including the radiative inspiral of intermediate mass-ratio and comparable-mass black hole binaries.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures; invited review for IJMPD; v2: references added, matches published version
On the dearth of C-enhanced metal-poor stars in the Galactic bulge
Creators: name: Pagnini, Giulia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: According to Stellar Archaeology, the chemical fingerprints of the first stars could be retained within the photospheres of old, low-mass, metal-poor second-generation stars observed in the Local Group. A significant fraction of these stellar fossils is represented by stars known as Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP), characterised by an overabundance of carbon with respect to iron [C/Fe] > 0.7, and which are likely imprinted by primordial faint supernovae. These have been observed in large quantities in the Galactic halo and in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf galaxies (UFDs) with [C/Fe] reaching values up to +4.5. Interestingly, although the Milky Way bulge is predicted to host the oldest stars, it shows a striking dearth of CEMP stars with [C/Fe] ≳ +2.0. In this talk, we explore the possible reasons for this anomaly by performing a statistical analysis of the observations of metal-poor stars in combination with the predictions of ΛCDM models. Our analysis shows that the scarcity of CEMP stars with high [C/Fe] is not due to the low statistics of observed metal-poor stars, but is the result of a different formation process of the Galactic bulge. N-body simulations show that the first star-forming haloes which end up in the bulge are characterised by the highest star formation rates. These rates enable the formation of rare massive first stars exploding as pair-instability supernovae (PISNe), which wash out the high carbon signature of primordial faint supernovae. We conclude that the dearth of CEMP stars in the Galactic bulge indirectly probes the existence of elusive PISNe, and propose a novel method which exploits this lack to constrain the mass distribution of the first stars.
Migrationsbewegungen in einer globalisierten Welt
Creators: name: Lefebvre, Solange
name: Susin, Luiz Carlos
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 44 Nr. 5 (2008): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 44, Heft 5
Variety-tillage interactions Identifying varieties and their traits for adaptation to soil conditions: tillage adaptation (plough/no-till)
Creators: name: Newton, Adrian
name: Valentine, Tracy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cereal and other crop varieties are bred for optimum performance under high input conditions, particularly fertilisers, pesticides and tillage. With increasing trends towards lower inputs and reduced soil tillage for enhanced sustainability, do we have the appropriate varieties?
The Thy-1 antigen exhibits rapid lateral diffusion in the plasma membrane of rodent lymphoid cells and fibroblasts.
Creators: name: Ishihara, A.
name: Jacobson, K.
name: Hou, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: Thy-1 is a plasma membrane protein, but its primary structure lacks the typical membrane-spanning sequence. Recent studies revealed that a glycophospholipid is covalently bound to the carboxyl terminus, suggesting that the protein is integrated into the plasma membrane by this lipid moiety. Lateral diffusion of Thy-1 was measured in mouse thymocytes, lymphoma cells, and fibroblasts by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique. Thy-1 was labeled with rhodamine-conjugated anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibodies. Diffusion coefficients of 2-4 X 10(-9) cm2/sec were obtained for the antigen-antibody complex in all the cell types. About 50% of the Thy-1 was mobile. The diffusion coefficient for the mobile fraction of Thy-1 is considerably larger than the diffusion coefficients of many other plasma membrane proteins. Rather, the diffusion coefficient of Thy-1 is similar to those of lipid analogs embedded in the same membrane, providing strong support for the suggested lipid anchoring of this antigen.
Production of rovibronic ground state RbCs molecules via two-photon cascade decay
Creators: name: Shimasaki, Toshihiko
name: Bellos, Michael
name: Bruzewicz, C. D.
name: Lasner, Zack
name: DeMille, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the production of ultracold RbCs molecules in the rovibronic ground state, i.e., $X^1Σ^+ (v=0, J=0)$, by short-range photoassociation to the $2^3Π_{0}$ state followed by spontaneous emission. We use narrowband depletion spectroscopy to probe the distribution of rotational levels formed in the $X ^1Σ^+(v=0)$ state. We conclude, based on selection rules, that the primary decay route to $X ^1Σ^+(v=0)$ is a two-step cascade decay that leads to as much as $33\%$ branching into the $J=0$ rotational level. The experimental simplicity of our scheme opens up the possibility of easier access to the study and manipulation of ultracold heteronuclear molecules in the rovibronic ground state.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Get Started With RAiD Registration Through the New RAiD Consortium
Creators: name: Simons, Natasha
name: Ross, Shawn
name: Cousijn, Helena
Publisher: name: DataCite
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04wxnsj81
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: A key challenge for researchers is keeping track of project activities across the research lifecycle. Unlike a grant, which a researcher receives, a project is something that a researcher does. Project information is dynamic; what is planned is not necessarily what is delivered, while project contributors and organizations may change over time. RAiD, the ‘Research Activity Identifier, is a unique, persistent identifier (PID) for research projects and activities designed in accordance with the RAiD ISO standard (23527:2022). The new RAiD DataCite Consortium will help organizations and researchers track their projects and associated research outputs.
Transmission in NFS/N mice of the heritable spongiform encephalopathy associated with the gray tremor mutation.
Creators: name: MacAuley, C.
name: Rohwer, R. G.
name: Morse, H. C.
name: Bilello, J. A.
name: Hoffman, P. M.
name: Hartley, J. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: It has been shown that the autosomal recessive mutation, gray tremor (gt) was associated in the homozygous state (gt/gt) with a rapidly fatal spongiform encephalopathy. Heterozygotes (+/gt) developed mild asymptomatic spongiform brain lesions as did recipient inbred mice inoculated with gt/gt brain homogenates, some of whom also showed behavioral abnormalities [Sidman, R. L., Kinney, H. C. & Sweet, H. O. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 253-257]. In these studies, inbred NFS/N mice inoculated intracerebrally at birth or as adults with gt/gt or first passage gt brain homogenates developed a progressive disease characterized by tremor, ataxia, and spasticity. The symptoms were milder and more slowly progressive than in the gt/gt homozygote, in the paralytic syndrome that followed neonatal inoculation of NFS/N mice with a wild murine leukemia virus (Cas-Br-M MuLV), or in the rapidly progressive ataxia and terminal bradykinesia that followed scrapie inoculation of NFS/N mice. The noninflammatory spongiform encephalopathy in affected NFS/N mice resembled that observed in gt/gt homozygotes, +/gt heterozygotes, and asymptomatic recipient inbred mice inoculated with gt/gt brain homogenates. Neither infectious MuLV nor MuLV proteins were detected in gt/gt brain homogenates or in affected recipient mouse brains. Scrapie-associated fibrils, readily identifiable in subcellular fractions of brains from scrapie-inoculated NFS/N mice, were not detected in similar brain fractions from NFS/N mice inoculated with gt brain homogenates. These results confirm and extend the suggestion that gt spongiform encephalopathy has both heritable and transmissible properties. Moreover, the transmissible agent of gt disease differs from both Cas-Br-M MuLV and scrapie in its disease-inducing properties in NFS/N mice. The capacity of NFS/N mice to express transmitted gt encephalopathy as clinical disease, to rapidly express Cas-Br-M MuLV spongiform encephalomyelopathy, and to develop mouse-adapted scrapie after a very short incubation time suggest a distinct sensitivity of NFS/N mice to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.
Maria - glorreiche Mutter, Schwester im Glauben und antijudaistisch benutzt
Creators: name: Rieger-Goertz, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 44 Nr. 4 (2008): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 44, Heft 4
Cosmic Web and Star Formation Activity in Galaxies at z~1
Creators: name: Darvish, Behnam
name: Sobral, David
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Scoville, Nicholas
name: Best, Philip
name: Sales, Laura
name: Smail, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of the delineated cosmic web/filaments on the star formation activity by exploring a sample of 425 narrow-band selected Hα emitters, as well as 2846 color-color selected underlying star-forming galaxies for a large scale structure (LSS) at z=0.84 in the COSMOS field from the HiZELS survey. Using the scale-independent Multi-scale Morphology Filter (MMF) algorithm, we are able to quantitatively describe the density field and disentangle it into its major components: fields, filaments and clusters. We show that the observed median star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass, specific star formation rate (sSFR), the mean SFR-Mass relation and its scatter for both Hα emitters and underlying star-forming galaxies do not strongly depend on different classes of environment, in agreement with previous studies. However, the fraction of Hα emitters varies with environment and is enhanced in filamentary structures at z~1. We propose mild galaxy-galaxy interactions as the possible physical agent for the elevation of the fraction of Hα star-forming galaxies in filaments. Our results show that filaments are the likely physical environments which are often classed as the "intermediate" densities, and that the cosmic web likely plays a major role in galaxy formation and evolution which has so far been poorly investigated.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in the ApJ
Upstream DNA sequences required for tissue-specific expression of the HLA-DR alpha gene.
Creators: name: Sherman, P. A.
name: Ting, J. P.
name: Basta, P. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: We have used in vitro deletion mutagenesis in combination with DNA transfection to search for cis-acting regulatory elements involved in the tissue-specific expression of a human class II major histocompatibility complex gene. A 140-base-pair 5' flanking fragment that contains the class II box consensus sequences and an octamer sequence (ATTTGCAT) confers tissue specificity on the promoter of the HLA-DR alpha gene. Recombinant DNA plasmids containing this DR alpha gene segment fused to the coding sequence of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene are expressed at higher levels in human B-cell lines than in human T-cell lines. We have demonstrated that the most 5' of the class II boxes is essential for tissue-specific DR alpha promoter function. In addition, using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay to identify DNA binding proteins, we have detected binding of nuclear proteins to DNA probes containing the class II boxes and the octamer sequence. A protein that binds to the octamer is present at higher levels in nuclear extracts of B-cell lines than in other cell lines examined. This protein may be important for the tissue-specific expression of the HLA-DR alpha gene.
A knotted free minicircle in kinetoplast DNA.
Creators: name: Rauch, C. A.
name: Griffith, J. D.
name: Englund, P. T.
name: Ryan, K. A.
name: Shapiro, T. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: Kinetoplast DNA, the mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, is a network containing thousands of minicircles that are topologically interlocked. The minicircle replication intermediates are free molecules that have been released from the network. We report here that one form of free minicircles is a trefoil knot. Identification of this knotted structure is based on its electrophoretic and sedimentation properties, its response to treatments with restriction enzymes or topoisomerase II, and its appearance by electron microscopy. Except for its topology, the knotted minicircle closely resembles a previously described replication intermediate with a unique gap in the newly synthesized L strand.
Using Shapley additive explanations to interpret extreme gradient boosting predictions of grassland degradation in Xilingol, China
Creators: name: Batunacun, /
name: Wieland, Ralf
name: Lakes, Tobia
name: Nendel, Claas
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften
subject: 004 Informatik

description: Machine learning (ML) and data-driven approaches are increasingly used in many research areas. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is a tree boosting method that has evolved into a state-of-the-art approach for many ML challenges. However, it has rarely been used in simulations of land use change so far. Xilingol, a typical region for research on serious grassland degradation and its drivers, was selected as a case study to test whether XGBoost can provide alternative insights that conventional land-use models are unable to generate. A set of 20 drivers was analysed using XGBoost, involving four alternative sampling strategies, and SHAP (Shapley additive explanations) to interpret the results of the purely data-driven approach. The results indicated that, with three of the sampling strategies (over-balanced, balanced, and imbalanced), XGBoost achieved similar and robust simulation results. SHAP values were useful for analysing the complex relationship between the different drivers of grassland degradation. Four drivers accounted for 99\u2009% of the grassland degradation dynamics in Xilingol. These four drivers were spatially allocated, and a risk map of further degradation was produced. The limitations of using XGBoost to predict future land-use change are discussed.
Adaptations to cationic biocide exposure differentially influence virulence factors and pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Creators: name: Vargas-Cuebas, Germán G.
name: Sanchez, Christian A.
name: Bezold, Elise L.
name: Walker, Gabrielle M.
name: Siddiqui, Shehreen
name: Minbiole, Kevin P.C.
name: Wuest, William M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Cationic biocides (CBs), which include quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), are employed to mitigate the spread of infectious bacteria, but resistance to such surface disinfectants is rising. CB exposure can have profound phenotypic implications that extend beyond allowing microorganisms to persist on surfaces. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a deadly bacterial pathogen that is intrinsically tolerant to a wide variety of antimicrobials and is commonly spread in healthcare settings. In this study, we pursued resistance selection assays to the QAC benzalkonium chloride and quaternary phosphonium compound P6P–10,10 to assess the phenotypic effects of CB exposure in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and four genetically diverse, drug-resistant clinical isolates. In particular, we sought to examine how CB exposure affects defensive strategies and the virulence-associated “offensive” strategies in P. aeruginosa. We demonstrated that development of resistance to BAC is associated with increased production of virulence-associated pigments and alginate as well as pellicle formation. In an in vivo infection model, CB-resistant PAO1 exhibited a decreased level of virulence compared to wild type, potentially due to an observed fitness cost in these strains. Taken together, these results illustrate the significant consequence CB resistance exerts on the virulence-associated phenotypes of P. aeruginosa.
On the Morphology and Chemical Composition of the HR 4796A Debris Disk
Creators: name: Rodigas, Timothy J.
name: Stark, Christopher C.
name: Weinberger, Alycia
name: Debes, John H.
name: Hinz, Philip M.
name: Close, Laird
name: Chen, Christine
name: Smith, Paul S.
name: Males, Jared R.
name: Skemer, Andrew J.
name: Puglisi, Alfio
name: Follette, Katherine B.
name: Morzinski, Katie
name: Wu, Ya-Lin
name: Briguglio, Runa
name: Esposito, Simone
name: Pinna, Enrico
name: Riccardi, Armando
name: Schneider, Glenn
name: Xompero, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] We present resolved images of the HR 4796A debris disk using the Magellan adaptive optics system paired with Clio-2 and VisAO. We detect the disk at 0.77 \microns, 0.91 \microns, 0.99 \microns, 2.15 \microns, 3.1 \microns, 3.3 \microns, and 3.8 \microns. We find that the deprojected center of the ring is offset from the star by 4.76$\pm$1.6 AU and that the deprojected eccentricity is 0.06$\pm$0.02, in general agreement with previous studies. We find that the average width of the ring is 14$^{+3}_{-2}%$, also comparable to previous measurements. Such a narrow ring precludes the existence of shepherding planets more massive than \about 4 \mj, comparable to hot-start planets we could have detected beyond \about 60 AU in projected separation. Combining our new scattered light data with archival HST/STIS and HST/NICMOS data at \about 0.5-2 \microns, along with previously unpublished Spitzer/MIPS thermal emission data and all other literature thermal data, we set out to constrain the chemical composition of the dust grains. After testing 19 individual root compositions and more than 8,400 unique mixtures of these compositions, we find that good fits to the scattered light alone and thermal emission alone are discrepant, suggesting that caution should be exercised if fitting to only one or the other. When we fit to both the scattered light and thermal emission simultaneously, we find mediocre fits (reduced chi-square \about 2). In general, however, we find that silicates and organics are the most favored, and that water ice is usually not favored. These results suggest that the common constituents of both interstellar dust and solar system comets also may reside around HR 4796A, though improved modeling is necessary to place better constraints on the exact chemical composition of the dust.
description: Accepted to ApJ on October 27, 2014. 21 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables
File 8: La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent, eruption 2020–21: assessing unrest and eruptive states from limited volcano-seismic data
Creators: name: Latchman, Joan L.
name: Aspinall, Willy
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Updated estimates of magma supply volumes and rates based on cumulative seismic moment release, during unrest, dome building and explosive activity.
An Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.
Creators: name: Markovitz, D.
name: Fenrick, R.
name: Pagano, J.
name: Kamine, J.
name: Kenney, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are frequently coinfected with Epstein--Barr virus (EBV). In this report, we demonstrate that an EBV immediate-early gene product, BamHI MLF1, stimulates expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter. The HIV promoter sequences necessary for trans-activation by EBV do not include the tat-responsive sequences. In addition, in contrast to the other herpesvirus trans-activators previously studied, the EBV BamHI MLF1 gene product appears to function in part by a posttranscriptional mechanism, since it increases pHIV--CAT protein activity more than it increases HIV--CAT mRNA. This ability of an EBV gene product to activate HIV gene expression may have biologic consequences in persons coinfected with both viruses.
Deletion of the steroid-binding domain of the human androgen receptor gene in one family with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: evidence for further genetic heterogeneity in this syndrome.
Creators: name: Wilson, E. M.
name: Joseph, D. R.
name: Brown, T. R.
name: French, F. S.
name: Lubahn, D. B.
name: Migeon, C. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: The cloning of a cDNA for the human androgen receptor gene has resulted in the availability for cDNA probes that span various parts of the gene, including the entire steroid-binding domain and part of the DNA-binding domain, as well as part of the 5' region of the gene. The radiolabeled probes were used to screen for androgen receptor mutations on Southern blots prepared by restriction endonuclease digestion of genomic DNA from human subjects with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). In this investigation, the authors considered only patients presenting complete AIS and with the androgen receptor (-) form as the most probably subjects to show a gene deletion. One subject from each of six unrelated families with the receptor (-) form of complete AIS and 10 normal subjects were studied. In the 10 normal subjects and in 5 of the 6 patients, identical DNA restriction fragment patterns were observed with EcoRI and BamHI. Analysis of other members of this family confirmed the apparent gene deletion. The data provide direct proof that complete AIS in some families can result from a deletion of the androgen receptor structural gene. However, other families do not demonstrate such a deletion, suggesting that point mutations maymore » also result in the receptor (-) form of complete AIS, adding further to the genetic heterogeneity of this syndrome.« less
File 2: La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent, eruption 2020–21: assessing unrest and eruptive states from limited volcano-seismic data
Creators: name: Latchman, Joan L.
name: Aspinall, Willy
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Estimating activated magma volume as of 31 December 2020 based on cumulative seismic moment release, and discussion of volcanological factors.
Detailed delineation of an interferon-gamma-responsive element important in human HLA-DRA gene expression in a glioblastoma multiform line.
Creators: name: Sherman, P. A.
name: Ting, J. P.
name: Basta, P. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: In this report, we determined that induction of the DR alpha-chain by recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in a human glioblastoma multiform cell line is transcriptionally regulated and showed that protein synthesis is not necessary for this to occur. The regions of the DR alpha-chain gene that are responsible for basal and recombinant IFN-gamma-induced gene transcription have been determined by gene transfer of a series of 5' deletion mutants in which the upstream region of the DR alpha chain was linked to a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transcript and protein levels were determined by S1 nuclease protection and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzyme assays, respectively. By using these deletion mutants, we were able to draw the following conclusions. (i) One hundred and nine base pairs of upstream sequence contains the basic DR alpha-chain gene promoter and represents the minimal amount of sequence necessary for basal gene expression. (ii) An additional 9 base pairs of upstream sequence can mediate recombinant IFN-gamma induction. (iii) Maximal recombinant IFN-gamma induction requires at most an additional 23 base pairs of upstream sequence. (iv) The sequence between positions -267 and -141 does not appear to contain any additional positive or negative regulatory elements. These results suggest that the region between positions -141 and -109 contains a critical IFN-gamma-responsive element. Substitution mutagenesis was performed to confirm this suggestion.
RDM Support Session -  PhD Introduction Class in Physical Geography
Creators: name: Kandylas, Aristotelis
name: Speed, Garrett
name: M. Dadkan, Maisam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: RDM
research data management
open science
FAIR
open data
fair data
Utrecht University
Geo Data Team

description: This is a short presentation of the Geo Data Team and the research data management services that can be provided to the researchers of the Physical Geography department in the Geosciences Faculty. In addition, best practices and guidelines about Open Science and FAIR data concepts are discussed, with the new PhD candidates of the department, during this Introduction Class.
Do exons code for structural or functional units in proteins?
Creators: name: Traut, T. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: In considering the origin and evolution of proteins, the possibility that proteins evolved from exons coding for specific structure-function modules is attractive for its economy and simplicity but is not systematically supported by the available data. However, the number of correspondences between exons and units of protein structure-function that have so far been identified appears to be greater than expected by chance alone. The available data also show (i) that exons are fairly limited in size but are large enough to specify structure-function modules in proteins; (ii) that the position of introns for homologous domains in the same gene is reasonably stable, but there is also evidence for mechanisms that alter the position or existence of introns; and (iii) that it is possible that the observed relationship of exons to protein structure represents a degenerate state of an ancestral correspondence between exons and structure-function modules in proteins.
Aktivierungsdiskurs versus Nachhaltigkeit: Wie kann nachhaltige (berufliche) Integration gelingen? Forschungsarbeit in kommunalen Sozialdiensten und zur Interinstitutionellen Zusammenarbeit Ostschweiz
Creators: name: Beiermann, Melanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Die Invalidenversicherung (IV), Arbeitslosenversicherung (ALV) und die Sozialhilfe forcieren die berufliche Eingliederung. Mithilfe der Interinstitutionellen Zusammenarbeit (IIZ) wird versucht, eine nachhaltige berufliche Integration zu erreichen. Seit den 1990er Jahren wird das Prinzip des «Förderns und Forderns» im Aktivierenden Sozialstaat beispielsweise mit Beschäftigungsmassnahmen umgesetzt. Die kommunalen Sozialdienste der Region Toggenburg sind für die wirtschaftliche Sozialhilfe zuständig. Die Leiter*innen der Sozialdienste verfügen über einen kaufmännischen beruflichen Hintergrund und die persönliche Beratung wird an einen externen Verein ausgelagert. Das Ziel der Verfasserin Melanie Beiermann ist, die Forschungsfrage: «Wie definieren Fachpersonen kommunaler Sozialdienste ihre Arbeit, wo sehen sie Handlungsbedarf und welche Faktoren sind dort wie auch in der IV und RAV für eine nachhaltige (berufliche) Integration der Klientel hinderlich beziehungsweise förderlich?» auf mehreren Ebenen zu beleuchten. Es fanden zwei leitfadengestützte Gruppendiskussionen mit Fachpersonen der kommunalen Sozialdienste und der IIZ-Praxis statt. Zudem wurden zwei leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit Leistungsbezügerinnen durchgeführt. Mithilfe qualitativer Inhaltsanalysen wurden die Ergebnisse ausgewertet, anhand von Theorien analysiert und diskutiert. Die vielfältigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass professionelle Soziale Arbeit im sozialpolitischen Diskurs wichtig ist und sich auf allen Ebenen einzubringen hat. Zudem sind Gesellschaft und Organisationen angehalten, Strukturen anzupassen und das bestehende System in Hinblick auf Nachhaltigkeit zu hinterfragen.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2023 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202303
Simulating flexible fiber suspensions using a scalable immersed boundary algorithm
Creators: name: Wiens, Jeffrey K.
name: Stockie, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 74F10, 76D05, 76M12, 65Y05

description: We present an approach for numerically simulating the dynamics of flexible fibers in a three-dimensional shear flow using a scalable immersed boundary (IB) algorithm based on Guermond and Minev's pseudo-compressible fluid solver. The fibers are treated as one-dimensional Kirchhoff rods that resist stretching, bending, and twisting, within the generalized IB framework. We perform a careful numerical comparison against experiments on single fibers performed by S. G. Mason and co-workers, who categorized the fiber dynamics into several distinct orbit classes. We show that the orbit class may be determined using a single dimensionless parameter for low Reynolds flows. Lastly, we simulate dilute suspensions containing up to hundreds of fibers using a distributed- memory computer cluster. These simulations serve as a stepping stone for studying more complex suspension dynamics including non-dilute suspensions and aggregation of fibers (also known as flocculation).
Genetics of protein I of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: construction of hybrid porins.
Creators: name: Sparling, P. F.
name: Seifert, H. S.
name: So, M.
name: Carbonetti, N. H.
name: Simnad, V. I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: Protein I (PI), the major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a porin and occurs in two major immunochemical classes, A and B. By using shuttle mutagenesis to insert a selectable marker close to the PI structural gene, evidence was obtained from transformation experiments to demonstrate that the PI structural gene is equivalent to the defined locus nmp and that the genes for PI class A and PI class B are alleles of the same locus. The PI class B gene of strain MS11 was cloned and sequenced, and comparison of this sequence with the gene sequence of PI class A of FA19 revealed a number of regions of significant divergence. By selection for the closely linked marker in transformations between the two strains, a series of strains with a hybrid PI was obtained. Analysis of these strains with monoclonal antibodies and oligonucleotides specific to PI class A or PI class B elucidated the nature and location of some of the surface-exposed epitopes, a thorough characterization of which is a prerequisite for understanding the role of PI in gonococcal pathogenesis and its possible use as a component of a vaccine.
Two-strain competition in quasi-neutral stochastic disease dynamics
Creators: name: Kogan, Oleg
name: Khasin, Michael
name: Meerson, Baruch
name: Schneider, David
name: Myers, Christopher R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develop a new perturbation method for studying quasi-neutral competition in a broad class of stochastic competition models, and apply it to the analysis of fixation of competing strains in two epidemic models. The first model is a two-strain generalization of the stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model. Here we extend previous results due to Parsons and Quince (2007), Parsons et al (2008) and Lin, Kim and Doering (2012). The second model, a two-strain generalization of the stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model with population turnover, has not been studied previously. In each of the two models, when the basic reproduction numbers of the two strains are identical, a system with an infinite population size approaches a point on the deterministic coexistence line (CL): a straight line of fixed points in the phase space of sub-population sizes. Shot noise drives one of the strain populations to fixation, and the other to extinction, on a time scale proportional to the total population size. Our perturbation method explicitly tracks the dynamics of the probability distribution of the sub-populations in the vicinity of the CL. We argue that, whereas the slow strain has a competitive advantage for mathematically "typical" initial conditions, it is the fast strain that is more likely to win in the important situation when a few infectives of both strains are introduced into a susceptible population.