cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Complexity and algorithms for computing Voronoi cells of lattices
Creators: name: Sikiric, Mathieu Dutour
name: Schuermann, Achill
name: Vallentin, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 11H56, 11H06, 11B1, 03D15, 52B55, 52B12

description: In this paper we are concerned with finding the vertices of the Voronoi cell of a Euclidean lattice. Given a basis of a lattice, we prove that computing the number of vertices is a #P-hard problem. On the other hand we describe an algorithm for this problem which is especially suited for low dimensional (say dimensions at most 12) and for highly-symmetric lattices. We use our implementation, which drastically outperforms those of current computer algebra systems, to find the vertices of Voronoi cells and quantizer constants of some prominent lattices.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables
Marta Markowska (Hrsg.), Archiwum Ringelbluma. Dzień po dniu Zagłady
Creators: name: Friedrich, Klaus-Peter
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2011

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 60 Nr. 1 (2011)
Re-examining "Japan incorporated" : Japanese coal procurement and western Canadian coal
Creators: name: Gibb, Heather
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In the current situation of oversupply in world coal markets, Japanese coal buyers are accused in some quarters of having deliberately over-stimulated the supply by offering loans and extending long-term contracts to more coal mine operations than has been warranted by market conditions. Contained in the accusation is the charge that the Japanese government and steel industry have collaborated to set the conditions for oversupply. The thesis finds at the root of this assumption remnants of the "Japan Incorporated" stereotype. Examining the case of the steel industry, the study demonstrates the inaccuracy of the elitist model of Japan from which the stereotype derives. The purchase of thermal coal by Japanese interests is discussed to introduce further evidence of the diversity of interests which participate in policy decisions in Japan. An examination of the steel industry's approaches to acquiring coal reveals that a major concern of the industry has been to find ways to assure that it will have reliable supplies of reasonably-priced material. The industry's actions are best understood as ad hoc arrangements which have developed in response to domestic and international market conditions. To achieve its goals, the industry has pursued a strategy of diversification of supplier. The case of Western Canadian coal is presented to illustrate some of the main features of the implementation of the strategy. To enhance the security of their coal contracts, Japanese buyers increasingly have chosen to invest directly in the coal mine.
DAFNE Status and Upgrade Plans
Creators: name: Zobov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Frascati Phi-factory DAFNE has successfully completed experimental runs for the three main detectors, KLOE, FINUDA and DEAR. The best peak luminosity achieved so far is 1.6x10^32 cm-2s-1, while the best daily integrated luminosity is 10 pb-1. At present the DAFNE team is preparing an upgrade of the collider based on the novel crab waist collision scheme. The upgrade is aimed at pushing the luminosity towards 10^33 cm-2s-1. In this paper we describe present collider performance and discuss ongoing preparatory work for the upgrade.
description: Invited Talk at VII International Workshop to the Memory of Prof. V.P.Sarantsev "Problems of Charged Particle Beams: Electron-Positron Colliders", to be published in "PHYSICS of PARTICLES and NUCLEI, LETTERS"
Allemands, Juifs et Tchèques a Prague. Deutsche, Juden und Tschechen in Prag 1890-1924
Creators: name: Seibt, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Constraining $1+\mathcal{J}\to 2$ coupled-channel amplitudes in finite-volume
Creators: name: Briceno, Raul A.
name: Dudek, Jozef J.
name: Leskovec, Luka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether one is interested in accessing the excited spectrum of hadrons or testing the standard model of particle physics, electroweak transition processes involving multi-hadron channels in the final state play an important role in a variety of experiments. Presently the primary theoretical tool with which one can study such reactions is lattice QCD, which is defined in a finite spacetime volume. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of implementing existing finite-volume formalism in realistic lattice QCD calculation of reactions in which a stable hadron can transition to one of several two-hadron channels under the action of an external current. We provide a conceptual description of the coupled-channel transition formalism, a practical roadmap for carrying out a calculation, and an illustration of the approach using synthetic data for two non-trivial resonant toy models. The results provide a proof-of-principle that such reactions can indeed be constrained using modern-day lattice QCD calculations, motivating explicit computation in the near future.
Strongly interacting bosons in a disordered optical lattice
Creators: name: White, M.
name: Pasienski, M.
name: McKay, D.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Ceperley, D.
name: DeMarco, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disorder, prevalent in nature, is intimately involved in such spectacular effects as the fractional quantum Hall effect and vortex pinning in type-II superconductors. Understanding the role of disorder is therefore of fundamental interest to materials research and condensed matter physics. Universal behavior, such as Anderson localization, in disordered non-interacting systems is well understood. But, the effects of disorder combined with strong interactions remains an outstanding challenge to theory. Here, we experimentally probe a paradigm for disordered, strongly-correlated bosonic systems-the disordered Bose-Hubbard (DBH) model-using a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of ultra-cold atoms trapped in a completely characterized disordered optical lattice. We determine that disorder suppresses condensate fraction for superfluid (SF) or coexisting SF and Mott insulator (MI) phases by independently varying the disorder strength and the ratio of tunneling to interaction energy. In the future, these results can constrain theories of the DBH model and be extended to study disorder for strongly-correlated fermionic particles.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures updated to correct errors in referencing previous work
Prusy i Inflanty między średniowieczem a nowożytnością. Państwo - społeczeństwo - kultura
Creators: name: Friedrich, Karin
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 2 (2005)
Francesco Carpanelli, Euripide. L'evoluzione del dramma e i nuovi orizzonti istituzionali ad Atene, Torino, UTET, 2005, pp. 227. ISBN 88-6008-019-3
Creators: name: Pasolini, Maria
Publisher: name: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara
Year: 2013

description: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara, VII 2 (2012)
Jiří Malíř, Od spolku k moderním politickým stranam. Vývoj politických stran na Moravě v letech 1848-1914
Creators: name: Glettler, Monika
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
On the harmonic oscillator on the Lobachevsky plane
Creators: name: Stovicek, P.
name: Tusek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the harmonic oscillator on the Lobachevsky plane with the aid of the potential $V(r)=(a^2ω^2/4)sinh(r/a)^2$ where $a$ is the curvature radius and $r$ is the geodesic distance from a fixed center. Thus the potential is rotationally symmetric and unbounded likewise as in the Euclidean case. The eigenvalue equation leads to the differential equation of spheroidal functions. We provide a basic numerical analysis of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in the case when the value of the angular momentum, $m$, equals 0.
description: to appear in Russian Journal of Mathematical Physics (memorial volume in honor of Vladimir Geyler)
Blurred combinatorics in resolution of singularities: (a little) beyond the characteristic polytope
Creators: name: Cobo, Helena
name: Soto, M. J.
name: Tornero, José M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H20, 32S25

description: We introduce a variation of the well-known Newton-Hironaka polytope for algebroid hypersurfaces. This combinatorial object is a perturbed version of the original one, parametrized by a real number. For well-chosen values of the parameter, the objects obtained are very close to the original, while at the same time presenting more (hopefully interesting) information in a way which does not depend on the choice of parameter.
Tomasz Jasiński, Kruschwitz, Rimini und die Grundlagen des preußischen Ordenslandes
Creators: name: Jähnig, Bernhart
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2008

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 57 Nr. 4 (2008)
Generation of High-Order Vortex States from Two-Mode Squeezed States
Creators: name: Puentes, Graciana
name: Banerji, Anindya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a scheme for generation of high-order vortex states using two-mode photon-number squeezed states, generated via the non-linear process of Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion. By applying a parametric rotation in quadrature space $(X,Y)$, using a $ϕ$ converter, the Gaussian quadrature profile of the photon-number squeezed input state can be mapped into a superposition of Laguerre-Gauss modes with $N$ vortices or singularities, for an input state containing $N$ photons, thus mapping photon-number fluctuations to interference effects in quadrature space. Our scheme has the potential to improve measurement sensitivity beyond the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL $\propto \sqrt{N}$), by exploiting the advantages of optical vortices, such as ease of creation and detection, high dimensionality or topological properties, for applications requiring reduced uncertainty, such as quantum cryptography, quantum metrology and sensing.
description: Invited contribution to Frontiers in Physics
Affine equation of state from quintessence and k-essence fields
Creators: name: Quercellini, Claudia
name: Bruni, Marco
name: Balbi, Amedeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility that a scalar field with appropriate Lagrangian can mimic a perfect fluid with an affine barotropic equation of state. The latter can be thought of as a generic cosmological dark component evolving as an effective cosmological constant plus a generalized dark matter. As such, it can be used as a simple, phenomenological model for either dark energy or unified dark matter. Furthermore, it can approximate (up to first order in the energy density) any barotropic dark fluid with arbitrary equation of state. We find that two kinds of Lagrangian for the scalar field can reproduce the desired behaviour: a quintessence-like with a hyperbolic potential, or a purely kinetic k-essence one. We discuss the behaviour of these two classes of models from the point of view of the cosmological background, and we give some hints on their possible clustering properties.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Minor updates, accepted by CQG
Frobenius difference equations and algebraic independence of zeta values in positive equal characteristic
Creators: name: Chang, Chieh-Yu
name: Papanikolas, Matthew A.
name: Yu, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J93 (Primary) 11M38, 11G09 (Secondary)

description: In analogy with the Riemann zeta function at positive integers, for each finite field F_p^r with fixed characteristic p we consider Carlitz zeta values zeta_r(n) at positive integers n. Our theorem asserts that among the zeta values in {zeta_r(1), zeta_r(2), zeta_r(3), ... | r = 1, 2, 3, ...}, all the algebraic relations are those algebraic relations within each individual family {zeta_r(1), zeta_r(2), zeta_r(3), ...}. These are the algebraic relations coming from the Euler-Carlitz relations and the Frobenius relations. To prove this, a motivic method for extracting algebraic independence results from systems of Frobenius difference equations is developed.
description: 14 pages
Karina Pryt, Befohlene Freundschaft. Die deutsch-polnischen Kulturbeziehungen 1934-1939
Creators: name: Musekamp, Jan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2011

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 60 Nr. 1 (2011)
The graviton one-loop effective action in cosmological space-times with constant deceleration
Creators: name: Janssen, Tomas
name: Prokopec, Tomislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quantum Friedmann equations which include one-loop vacuum fluctuations due to gravitons and scalar field matter in a FLRW background with constant $ε=-{\dot{H}}/{H^2}$. After several field redefinitions, to remove the mixing between the gravitational and matter degrees of freedom, we can construct the one loop correction to the Friedmann equations. Due to cosmological particle creation, the propagators needed in such a calculation are typically infrared divergent. In this paper we construct the graviton and matter propagators, making use of the recent construction of the infrared finite scalar propagators calculated on a compact spatial manifold in \cite{Janssen:2008px}. The resulting correction to the Friedman equations is suppressed with respect to the tree level contribution by a factor of $H^2/m_p^2$ and shows no secular growth.
description: 37 pages, 1 figure. Revised version, including a proper treatment of the infrared sector
Measuring Success for Collections: Educational Products and Outcomes
Creators: name: Monfils, Anna
name: Phillips, Molly
name: Ellwood, Libby
name: Linton, Debra
name: White, Lisa
name: Douglas, Natalie
name: Ellis, Shari
name: Donovan, Sam
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2019

description: Presentation at the 34th Annual meeting of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections
Orientation dependence of the optical spectra in graphene at high frequencies
Creators: name: Zhang, Chao
name: Chen, Lei
name: Ma, Zhongshui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the Kubo formula we evaluated the optical conductivity of a graphene sheet. The full behavior of frequency as well as temperature dependence of the optical conductivity is presented. We show that the anisotropy of conductivity can be significantly enhanced at high frequencies. The photon absorption depends on the field polarization direction. At the frequency comparable to the maximum separation of upper and lower bands the photon-induced conduction of electrons is strongly suppressed if the polarization of field is along the zigzag direction. The corresponding optical conductivity is several orders of magnitude weaker than that when the light is polarizing along the armchair direction. We propose that the property of orientation selection of absorption in the graphene can be used as a basis for a high-frequency partial polarizer.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Ivan Pfaff, Česka přináležitost k západu v letech 1815-1878
Creators: name: Storck, Christopher P.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Resolving Spacecraft Earth-Flyby Anomalies with Measured Light Speed Anisotropy
Creators: name: Cahill, Reginald T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doppler shift observations of spacecraft, such as Galileo, NEAR, Cassini, Rosetta and MESSENGER in earth flybys, have all revealed unexplained speed `anomalies' - that the doppler-shift determined speeds are inconsistent with expected speeds. Here it is shown that these speed anomalies are not real and are actually the result of using an incorrect relationship between the observed doppler shift and the speed of the spacecraft - a relationship based on the assumption that the speed of light is isotropic in all frames, i.e. invariant. Taking account of the repeatedly measured light-speed anisotropy the anomalies are resolved. The Pioneer 10/11 anomalies are discussed, but not resolved. The spacecraft observations demonstrate again that the speed of light is not invariant, and is isotropic only with respect to a dynamical 3-space. The existing doppler shift data also offers a resource to characterise a new form of gravitational waves, the dynamical 3-space turbulence, that has also been detected by other techniques.
description: 13 pages, 2 eps files. Improved data analysis
Wolfgang A. Mommsens Aufzeichnungen aus dem Baltikum, Polen und der Ukraine 1942-1944
Creators: name: Lehr, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2008

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 57 Nr. 4 (2008)
Andrzej Gawryszewski, Ludność Warszawy w XX wieku
Creators: name: Kozińska-Witt, Hanna
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2011

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 60 Nr. 1 (2011)
Homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies with nonlinear electromagnetic radiation
Creators: name: Vollick, Dan N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I examine cosmological models that contain a stochastic background of nonlinear electromagnetic radiation. I show that for Born-Infeld electrodynamics the equation of state parameter, $w=P/ρ$, remains close to 1/3 throughout the evolution of the universe if $E^2=B^2$ in the late universe to a high degree of accuracy. Theories with electromagnetic Lagrangians of the form $L=-{1/4}F^2+αF^4$ have recently been studied in magnetic universes, where the electric field vanishes. It was shown that the $F^4$ term can produce a bounce in the early universe, avoiding an initial singularity. Here I show that the inclusion of an electric field, with $E^2\simeq B^2$ in the late universe, eliminates the bounce and the universe "begins" in an initial singularity. I also examine theories with Lagrangians of the form $L=-{1/4}F^2-μ^8/F^2$, which have been shown to produce a period of late time accelerated expansion in magnetic universes. I show that, if an electric field is introduced, the accelerated phase will only occur if $E^2<3B^2$.
description: 8 pages, change of title plus minor changes
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
Creators: name: The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n_e of order 10^4-7 cm-3, magnetic field strength B of order 1-30 G, and electron temperature Te of order (1-12) x 10^10 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3-20) x 10^-4 Msun yr-1.
description: 43 pages, 29 figures, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters on March 24, 2021
Neuroctenus caffer Stal 1855
Creators: name: Heiss, Ernst
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Aradidae
Neuroctenus
Neuroctenus caffer

description: Neuroctenus caffer Stål, 1855
Brachyrhynchus caffer Stål, 1855: 38. HT ♀: Cap Bonae Spei (South Africa); NHRS Mezira caffra Stål, 1865: 35
Neuroctenus caffer Stål, 1873: 145
Distr.: Madagascar (Diego Suarez [=Antseranana], Baie d’Antagonil, Tamatave,Andevoranto, Rogez, Vohémar, Ambanja, Majakatompo, Maevatanana, Ambila: Hoberlandt, 1957; Nosy Komba, Maroantsetra, Périnet [=Andasibe], Fanovana: Hoberlandt, 1963. Comores: Grand Comore (Nioumbadjou, Convalescence); Moheli (Kangani): Hoberlandt, 1963. Mauritius (Rose Hill, Powder Hill): Hoberlandt, 1957. South and East Africa: Hoberlandt, 1957, 1963
Ref.: Hoberlandt, 157:88 (redescr.,fig., distr.); 1963 (distr.); Kormilev & Froeschner, 1987: 166 (cat.)
description: Published as part of Heiss, Ernst, 2012, Annotated catalogue of the flat bug family Aradidae Brullé, 1836 of Madagascar and adjacent islands (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), pp. 45-63 in Zootaxa 3426 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3426.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/214110
A Prototype of a Compact Rubidium-Based Optical Frequency Reference for Operation on Nanosatellites
Creators: name: Strangfeld, Aaron
name: Kanthak, Simon
name: Schiemangk, Max
name: Wiegand, Benjamin
name: Wicht, Andreas
name: Ling, Alexander
name: Krutzik, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space-borne optical frequency references based on spectroscopy of atomic vapors may serve as an integral part of compact optical atomic clocks, which can advance global navigation systems, or can be utilized for earth observation missions as part of laser systems for cold atom gradiometers. Nanosatellites offer low launch-costs, multiple deployment opportunities and short payload development cycles, enabling rapid maturation of optical frequency references and underlying key technologies in space. Towards an in-orbit demonstration on such a platform, we have developed a CubeSat-compatible prototype of an optical frequency reference based on the D2-transition in rubidium. A frequency instability of 1.7e-12 at 1 s averaging time is achieved. The optical module occupies a volume of 35 cm^3, weighs 73 g and consumes 780 mW of power.
Rare Kaon Decays Beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Tarantino, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rare kaon decays K_L -> pi^0 nu {bar nu}, K^+ -> pi^+ nu {bar nu}, K_L -> pi^0 e^+ e^- and K_L -> pi^0 mu^+ mu^- are theoretically very clean and, being strongly CKM suppressed, highly sensitive to New Physics (NP). Recent Flavour Physics analyses show that they represent unique probes for revealing NP effects and to provide information on the NP flavour structure. After a brief discussion of the main properties that make rare K decays so promising and of the basic ideas of the most interesting NP models, we review the results of recent phenomenological analyses both within and beyond the framework of Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV), where the sources of flavour violation are the same as in the Standard Model. Within MFV we present the expectations found for rare K decays from a model-independent analysis and in three MFV models: the Littlest Higgs (LH) model, the (extra-dimension) Appelquist-Cheng-Dobrescu model and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with MFV. Beyond MFV, we discuss the results recently found within the MSSM (without MFV), the LH model with T-parity (LHT) and the 3-3-1 (Z') model. While in MFV models only small (<30%) NP effects are allowed in the branching ratios of K_L -> pi^0 nu {bar nu}, K^+ -> pi^+ nu {bar nu}, K_L -> pi^0 e^+ e^- and K_L -> pi^0 mu^+ mu^-, beyond MFV, in particular in the MSSM and in the LHT model, large (up to an order of magnitude) enhancements w.r.t. the SM turn out to be possible.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, minor improvements, few references added. Final version for the proceedings of the International Conference "Kaon'07", Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy, 21-25 May 2007
In-flight distribution of an electron within a surface acoustic wave
Creators: name: Edlbauer, Hermann
name: Wang, Junliang
name: Ota, Shunsuke
name: Richard, Americ
name: Jadot, Baptiste
name: Mortemousque, Pierre-André
name: Okazaki, Yuma
name: Nakamura, Shuji
name: Kodera, Tetsuo
name: Kaneko, Nobu-Hisa
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
name: Urdampilleta, Matias
name: Meunier, Tristan
name: Bäuerle, Christopher
name: Takada, Shintaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have large potential to realize quantum-optics-like experiments with single flying electrons employing their spin or charge degree of freedom. For such quantum applications, highly efficient trapping of the electron in a specific moving quantum dot (QD) of a SAW train plays a key role. Probabilistic transport over multiple moving minima would cause uncertainty in synchronisation that is detrimental for coherence of entangled flying electrons and in-flight quantum operations. It is thus of central importance to identify the device parameters enabling electron transport within a single SAW minimum. A detailed experimental investigation of this aspect is so far missing. Here we fill this gap by demonstrating time-of-flight measurements for a single electron that is transported via a SAW train between distant stationary QDs. Our measurements reveal the in-flight distribution of the electron within the moving acousto-electric quantum dots of the SAW train. Increasing the acousto-electric amplitude, we observe the threshold necessary to confine the flying electron at a specific, deliberately chosen SAW minimum. Investigating the effect of a barrier along the transport channel, we also benchmark the robustness of SAW-driven electron transport against stationary potential variations. Our results pave the way for highly controlled transport of electron qubits in a SAW-driven platform for quantum experiments.
description: Main paper: 11 pages, 3 figures, Supplementary material: 5 pages, 4 figures
Controlled coupling of counterpropagating whispering-gallery modes by a single Rayleigh scatterer: a classical problem in a quantum optical light
Creators: name: Mazzei, A.
name: Gotzinger, S.
name: Menezes, L. de S.
name: Zumofen, G.
name: Benson, O.
name: Sandoghdar, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experiments where a single subwavelength scatterer is used to examine and control the back-scattering induced coupling between counterpropagating high-Q modes of a microsphere resonator. Our measurements reveal the standing wave character of the resulting symmetric and antisymmetric eigenmodes, their unbalanced intensity distributions, and the coherent nature of their coupling. We discuss our findings and the underlying classical physics in the framework common to quantum optics and provide a particularly intuitive explanation of the central processes.
description: accepted for publication in Pysical Review Letters
Staatsarchiv Stettin. Wegweiser durch die Bestände bis zum Jahr 1945
Creators: name: Schleinert, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 2 (2005)
Improving the trustworthiness of image classification models by utilizing bounding-box annotations
Creators: name: KC, Dharma
name: Zhang, Chicheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study utilizing auxiliary information in training data to improve the trustworthiness of machine learning models. Specifically, in the context of image classification, we propose to optimize a training objective that incorporates bounding box information, which is available in many image classification datasets. Preliminary experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance in accuracy, robustness, and interpretability compared with baselines.
description: 6 pages including references
The Nature of the Velocity Field in Molecular Clouds. I. The Non-Magnetic Case
Creators: name: Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique
name: Gonzalez, Ricardo F.
name: Ballesteros-Paredes, Javier
name: Gazol, Adriana
name: Kim, Jongsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three numerical simulations of randomly driven, isothermal, non-magnetic, self-gravitating turbulence with different rms Mach numbers Ms and physical sizes L, but approximately the same value of the virial parameter, alpha approx 1.2. We obtain the following results: a) We test the hypothesis that the collapsing centers originate from locally Jeans-unstable ("super-Jeans"), subsonic fragments; we find no such structures. b) We find that the fraction of small-scale super-Jeans structures is larger in the presence of self-gravity. c) The velocity divergence of subregions of the simulations exhibits a negative correlation with their mean density. d) The density probability density function (PDF) deviates from a lognormal in the presence of self-gravity. e) Turbulence alone in the large-scale simulation does not produce regions with the same size and mean density as those of the small-scale simulation. Items (b)-(e) suggest that self-gravity is not only involved in causing the collapse of Jeans-unstable density fluctuations produced by the turbulence, but also in their {it formation}. We also measure the star formation rate per free-fall time, as a function of Ms for the three runs, and compare with the predictions of recent semi-analytical models. We find marginal agreement to within the uncertainties of the measurements. However, the hypotheses of those models neglect the net negative divergence of dense regions we find in our simulations. We conclude that a) part of the observed velocity dispersion in clumps must arise from clump-scale inwards motions, and b) analytical models of clump and star formation need to take into account this dynamical connection with the external flow and the fact that, in the presence of self-gravity, the density PDF may deviate from a lognormal.
description: 10 pages. Accepted by MNRAS. Replacement matches accepted version. Six new figure panels, extended discussion, conclusions unchanged. Abstract abridged
Any nontrivial knot projection with no triple chords has a monogon or a bigon
Creators: name: Ito, Noboru
name: Takimura, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A generic immersion of a circle into a $2$-sphere is often studied as a projection of a knot; it is called a knot projection. A chord diagram is a configuration of paired points on a circle; traditionally, the two points of each pair are connected by a chord. A triple chord is a chord diagram consisting of three chords, each of which intersects the other chords. Every knot projection obtains a chord diagram in which every pair of points corresponds to the inverse image of a double point. In this paper, we show that for any knot projection $P$, if its chord diagram contains no triple chord, then there exists a finite sequence from $P$ to a simple closed curve such that the sequence consists of flat Reidemeister moves, each of which decreases $1$-gons or strong $2$-gons, where a strong $2$-gon is a $2$-gon oriented by an orientation of $P$.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
The Magellanic Clouds are very rare in the IllustrisTNG simulations
Creators: name: Haslbauer, Moritz
name: Banik, Indranil
name: Kroupa, Pavel
name: Zhao, Hongsheng
name: Asencio, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC and SMC) form the closest interacting galactic system to the Milky Way, therewith providing a laboratory to test cosmological models in the local Universe. We quantify the likelihood for the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) to be observed within the $Λ$CDM model using hydrodynamical simulations of the IllustrisTNG project. The orbits of the MCs are constrained by proper motion measurements taken by the $Hubble~Space~Telescope$ and $Gaia$. The MCs have a mutual separation of $d_{\mathrm{MCs}}~=~24.5\,\mathrm{kpc}$ and a relative velocity of $v_{\mathrm{MCs}}~=~90.8\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$, implying a phase-space density of $f_{\mathrm{MCs,obs}}~\equiv~(d_{\mathrm{MCs}} \cdot v_{\mathrm{MCs}})^{-3}~=~9.10\times10^{-11}\,\mathrm{km^{-3}\,s^{3}\,kpc^{-3}}$. We select analogues to the MCs based on their stellar masses and distances in MW-like halos. None of the selected LMC analogues have a higher total mass and lower Galactocentric distance than the LMC, resulting in $>3.75σ$ tension. We also find that the $f_{\mathrm{MCs}}$ distribution in the highest resolution TNG50 simulation is in $3.95σ$ tension with observations. Thus, a hierarchical clustering of two massive satellites like the MCs in a narrow phase-space volume is unlikely in $Λ$CDM, presumably because of short merger timescales due to dynamical friction between the overlapping dark matter halos. We show that group infall led by an LMC analogue cannot populate the Galactic disc of satellites (DoS), implying that the DoS and the MCs formed in physically unrelated ways in $Λ$CDM. Since the $20^\circ$ alignment of the LMC and DoS orbital poles has a likelihood of $P=0.030$ ($2.17σ$), adding this $χ^2$ to that of $f_{\mathrm{MCs}}$ gives a combined likelihood of $P = 3.90\times10^{-5}$ ($4.11σ$).
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Universe in this form
Ultra-hard fluid and scalar field in the Kerr-Newman metric
Creators: name: Babichev, E.
name: Chernov, S.
name: Dokuchaev, V.
name: Eroshenko, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytic solution for the accretion of ultra-hard perfect fluid onto a moving Kerr-Newman black hole is found. This solution is a generalization of the previously known solution by Petrich, Shapiro and Teukolsky for a Kerr black hole. Our solution is not applicable for an extreme black hole due to violation of the test fluid approximation. We also present a stationary solution for a massless scalar field in the metric of a Kerr-Newman naked singularity.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, revtex4; v2: presentation improved, figures added, matches published version
Volksdeutsche in Tschenstochau. Nationalsozialistische Germanisierungspolitik für Täter, Profiteure und Zuschauer des Holocaust
Creators: name: Lehnstaedt, Stephan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2008

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 57 Nr. 4 (2008)
Strongly enhanced effective mass in dilute two-dimensional electron systems: System-independent origin
Creators: name: Shashkin, A. A.
name: Kapustin, A. A.
name: Deviatov, E. V.
name: Dolgopolov, V. T.
name: Kvon, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the effective mass in a dilute two-dimensional electron system in (111)-silicon by analyzing temperature dependence of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the low-temperature limit. A strong enhancement of the effective mass with decreasing electron density is observed. The mass renormalization as a function of the interaction parameter r_s is in good agreement with that reported for (100)-silicon, which shows that the relative mass enhancement is system- and disorder-independent being determined by electron-electron interactions only.
description: As published
Rüdiger Ritter, Musik für die Nation. Der Komponist Stanisław Moniuszko (1819-1872) in der polnischen Nationalbewegung des 19. Jahrhunderts
Creators: name: Loew, Peter Oliver
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2011

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 60 Nr. 1 (2011)
On the Origin of the "Ridge" phenomenon induced by Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Shuryak, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that "ridge" in 2-particle correlation function associated with hard trigger at RHIC heavy ion collisions is naturally explained by an interrelation of jet quenching and hydrodynamical transverse flow. The excess particles forming the ridge are produced by QCD bremsstrahlung along the beam (and thus have wide rapidity distribution) and then boosted by transverse flow. Nontrivial correlation between directions of the jet and the radial flow is provided by jet quenching: our straightforward and basically parameter-independent calculation reproduces the angular shape, width and other properties of the "ridge".
Efficient numerical integration of thermal interaction rates
Creators: name: Jackson, G.
name: Laine, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many problems in particle cosmology, interaction rates are dominated by ${2}\leftrightarrow{2}$ scatterings, or get a substantial contribution from them, given that ${1}\leftrightarrow{2}$ and ${1}\leftrightarrow{3}$ reactions are phase-space suppressed. We describe an algorithm to represent, regularize, and evaluate a class of thermal ${2}\leftrightarrow{2}$ and ${1}\leftrightarrow{3}$ interaction rates for general momenta, masses, chemical potentials, and helicity projections. A key ingredient is an automated inclusion of virtual corrections to ${1}\leftrightarrow{2}$ scatterings, which eliminate logarithmic and double-logarithmic IR divergences from the real ${2}\leftrightarrow{2}$ and ${1}\leftrightarrow{3}$ processes. We also review thermal and chemical potential induced contributions that require resummation if plasma particles are ultrarelativistic.
description: 48 pages, programs as ancillary files. v2: clarifications added
On the reconstruction of block-sparse signals with an optimal number of measurements
Creators: name: Stojnic, Mihailo
name: Parvaresh, Farzad
name: Hassibi, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let A be an M by N matrix (M < N) which is an instance of a real random Gaussian ensemble. In compressed sensing we are interested in finding the sparsest solution to the system of equations A x = y for a given y. In general, whenever the sparsity of x is smaller than half the dimension of y then with overwhelming probability over A the sparsest solution is unique and can be found by an exhaustive search over x with an exponential time complexity for any y. The recent work of Candés, Donoho, and Tao shows that minimization of the L_1 norm of x subject to A x = y results in the sparsest solution provided the sparsity of x, say K, is smaller than a certain threshold for a given number of measurements. Specifically, if the dimension of y approaches the dimension of x, the sparsity of x should be K < 0.239 N. Here, we consider the case where x is d-block sparse, i.e., x consists of n = N / d blocks where each block is either a zero vector or a nonzero vector. Instead of L_1-norm relaxation, we consider the following relaxation min x \| X_1 \|_2 + \| X_2 \|_2 + ... + \| X_n \|_2, subject to A x = y where X_i = (x_{(i-1)d+1}, x_{(i-1)d+2}, ..., x_{i d}) for i = 1,2, ..., N. Our main result is that as n -> \infty, the minimization finds the sparsest solution to Ax = y, with overwhelming probability in A, for any x whose block sparsity is k/n < 1/2 - O(ε), provided M/N > 1 - 1/d, and d = Ω(\log(1/ε)/ε). The relaxation can be solved in polynomial time using semi-definite programming.
Performance of a proposed event-type based analysis for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Creators: name: Hassan, T.
name: Gueta, O.
name: Maier, G.
name: Nöthe, M.
name: Peresano, M.
name: Vovk, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next-generation observatory in the field of very-high-energy (20 GeV to 300 TeV) gamma-ray astroparticle physics. Classically, data analysis in the field maximizes sensitivity by applying quality cuts on the data acquired. These cuts, optimized using Monte Carlo simulations, select higher quality events from the initial dataset. Subsequent steps of the analysis typically use the surviving events to calculate one set of instrument response functions (IRFs). An alternative approach is the use of event types, as implemented in experiments such as the Fermi-LAT. In this approach, events are divided into sub-samples based on their reconstruction quality, and a set of IRFs is calculated for each sub-sample. The sub-samples are then combined in a joint analysis, treating them as independent observations. This leads to an improvement in performance parameters such as sensitivity, angular and energy resolution. Data loss is reduced since lower quality events are included in the analysis as well, rather than discarded. In this study, machine learning methods will be used to classify events according to their expected angular reconstruction quality. We will report the impact on CTA high-level performance when applying such an event-type classification, compared to the classical procedure.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, Germany
Translation-based completeness on compact intervals
Creators: name: Liehr, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C30, 42A65

description: Given a compact interval $I \subseteq \mathbb{R}$, and a function $f$ that is a product of a nonzero polynomial with a Gaussian, it will be shown that the translates $\{ f(\cdot - λ) : λ\in Λ\}$ are complete in $C(I)$ if and only if the series of reciprocals of $Λ$ diverges. This extends a theorem in [R. A. Zalik, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 243, 299-308]. An additional characterization is obtained when $Λ$ is an arithmetic progression, and the generator $f$ constitutes a linear combination of translates of a function with sufficiently fast decay.
description: 10 pages, to appear in J. Approx. Theory
Ulrike Frede, "Unvergessene Heimat" Schlesien. Eine exemplarische Untersuchung des ostdeutschen Heimatbuches als Medium und Quelle spezifischer Erinnerungskultur
Creators: name: Faehndrich, Jutta
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 2 (2005)
Electric Quadrupole Moments of Metastable States of Ca+, Sr+, and Ba+
Creators: name: Jiang, Dansha
name: Arora, Bindiya
name: Safronova, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electric quadrupole moments of the metastable nd3/2 and nd5/2 states of Ca+, Sr+, and Ba+ are calculated using the relativistic all-order method including all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Hartree-Fock wave function to provide recommended values for the cases where no experimental data are available. The contributions of all non-linear single and double terms are also calculated for the case of Ca+ for comparison of our approach with the CCSD(T) results. The third-order many body perturbation theory is used to evaluate contributions of high partial waves and the Breit interaction. The remaining omitted correlation corrections are estimated as well. Extensive study of the uncertainty of our calculations is carried out to establish accuracy of our recommended values to be 0.5% - 1% depending on the particular ion. Comprehensive comparison of our results with other theoretical values and experiment is carried out. Our result for the quadrupole moment of the 3d5/2 state of Ca+ ion, 1.849(17)ea_0^2, is in agreement with the most precise recent measurement 1.83(1)ea_0^2 by Roos et al. [Nature 443, 316 (2006)].
description: 7 pages
Quantum algorithms for the Sylvester denumerant and the numerical semigroup membership problem
Creators: name: Ossorio-Castillo, J.
name: Tornero, José M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Two quantum algorithms are presented, which tackle well--known problems in the context of numerical semigroups: the numerical semigroup membership problem (NSMP) and the Sylvester denumerant problem (SDP).