cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Automatic back-up registration for digital thermal halftone proofing
Creators: name: Chiu, Peng-Yang Steven
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Proofing in the printing industry is a vital process of predicting and thus reducing the costs of errors that may show up in the final prints. Digital thermal halftone proofs are produced off-press and offer dot-for-dot match to the press sheet. To produce such proofs with images on both sides of the proof sheets accurately aligned, however, is typically done with skillful manual labor to control and compensate for the thermal expansion of the images due to the step of laminating images to the paper. The alignment of the images is called backup registration. With the introduction of the second generation of thermal proofing media known as direct-to-paper, the lamination step is unnecessary, thus, it is possible to design an automatic backup registration method that can be integrated into many of the existing digital thermal proofing devices. This thesis proposes a novel approach to automatic backup registration by detecting the orientation of the proof sheet (geometric detection), and then adjusting the images on both sides (geometric correction). The geometric detection uses the surface reflectivity differences between the proof sheet and its background to determine the edge positions of the sheet. The geometric correction shifts and rotates the images according to the detected edge positions and various other factors. The proposed algorithm is developed and implemented on Creo Products Inc.'s Spectrum proofing device and numerous two-sided proof samples have been produced to evaluate the precision of backup registration. Since all the samples have demonstrated backup registration within the required 1mm precision and the algorithm is implemented without additional hardware, there is a high possibility of commercial application for the proposed method.
Editorial: Understanding Cryptocurrencies
Creators: name: Härdle, Wolfgang Karl
name: Harvey, Campbell R.
name: Reule, Raphael C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Cryptocurrency refers to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain, technology to enable a secure transaction. Although the technology is widely misunderstood, many central banks are considering launching their own national cryptocurrency. In contrast to most data in financial economics, detailed data on the history of every transaction in the cryptocurrency complex are freely available. Furthermore, empirically-oriented research is only now beginning, presenting an extraordinary research opportunity for academia. We provide some insights into the mechanics of cryptocurrencies, describing summary statistics and focusing on potential future research avenues in financial economics.
Additional file 2 of Systemic and ocular diseases associated with the development of diabetic macular edema among Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus
Creators: name: Atsuki Kume
name: Kashiwagi, Kenji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Table 2 Systemic factors that suppressed DME development: univariate analysis. (ICD10; International Classification of Diseases 10th revision, DME; diabetic macular edema, CI; confidence interval).
Colouring random graphs and maximising local diversity
Creators: name: Bounkong, S.
name: van Mourik, J.
name: Saad, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a variation of the graph colouring problem on random graphs of finite average connectivity. Given the number of colours, we aim to maximise the number of different colours at neighbouring vertices (i.e. one edge distance) of any vertex. Two efficient algorithms, belief propagation and Walksat are adapted to carry out this task. We present experimental results based on two types of random graphs for different system sizes and identify the critical value of the connectivity for the algorithms to find a perfect solution. The problem and the suggested algorithms have practical relevance since various applications, such as distributed storage, can be mapped onto this problem.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Systemic and ocular diseases associated with the development of diabetic macular edema among Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus
Creators: name: Atsuki Kume
name: Kashiwagi, Kenji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1 Systemic risk factors associated with DME development: univariate analysis. (ICD10; International Classification of Diseases 10th revision, DME; diabetic macular edema, CI; confidence interval).
Little group generators for Dirac neutrino one-particle states
Creators: name: Romero, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming neutrinos to be of the Dirac type, the little group generators for the one-particle states, created off the vacuum by the field operator, are obtained, both in terms of the one-particle states themselves and in terms of creation/annihilation operators. It is shown that these generators act also as rotation operators in the Hilbert space of the states, providing three types of transformations: a helicity flip, the standard charge conjugation, and a combination of the two, up to phases. The transformations' properties are provided in detail and their physical implications discussed. It is also shown that one of the transformations continues to hold for chiral fields without mixing them.
description: Accepted for publication in Rev. Mex. Fis
Survival trees for right-censored data based on score based parameter instability test
Creators: name: Kundu, Madan Gopal
name: Ghosh, Samiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Survival analysis of right censored data arises often in many areas of research including medical research. Effect of covariates (and their interactions) on survival distribution can be studied through existing methods which requires to pre-specify the functional form of the covariates including their interactions. Survival trees offer relatively flexible approach when the form of covariates' effects is unknown. Most of the currently available survival tree construction techniques are not based on a formal test of significance; however, recently proposed ctree algorithm (Hothorn et al., 2006) uses permutation test for splitting decision that may be conservative at times. We consider parameter instability test of statistical significance of heterogeneity to guard against spurious findings of variation in covariates' effect without being overly conservative. We have proposed SurvCART algorithm to construct survival tree under conditional inference framework (Hothorn et al., 2006) that selects splitting variable via parameter instability test and subsequently finds the optimal split based on some maximally chosen statistic. Notably, unlike the existing algorithms which focuses only on heterogeneity in event time distribution, the proposed SurvCART algorithm can take splitting decision based in censoring distribution as well along with heterogeneity in event time distribution. The operating characteristics of parameter instability test and comparative assessment of SurvCART algorithm were carried out via simulation. Finally, SurvCART algorithm was applied to a real data setting. The proposed method is fully implemented in R package LongCART available on CRAN.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Monax Gistel 1848
Creators: name: Bezděk, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Monax

description: Monax Gistel, 1848, syn. nov.
 Monax Gistel, 1848b: xi; GISTEL (1851): xi.
 Current status. New junior objective synonym of Basiprionota Chevrolat, 1836.
 Comments. Monax Gistel, 1848 was proposed as an unnecessary new replacement name for Basiprionota Chevrolat, 1836 (GISTEL 1848b). It is also a junior homonym of Monax Warden, 1819 in Mammalia.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Jan, 2020, Review of the genus-level names proposed by Johannes Gistel in Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera), pp. 173-188 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on page 176, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.011, http://zenodo.org/record/3879369
Shaping soliton properties in optical Mathieu lattices
Creators: name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Egorov, Alexey A.
name: Vysloukh, Victor A.
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address basic properties and stability of two-dimensional solitons in photonic lattices induced by the nondiffracting Mathieu beams. Such lattices allow for smooth topological transformation of radially symmetric Bessel lattices into quasi-one-dimensional periodic ones. The transformation of lattice topology drastically affects properties of ground-state and dipole-mode solitons, including their shape, stability and transverse mobility.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Optics Letters
title: O impacto da educação física nas vertentes motoras, cognitivas e comportamentais dos alunos
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Joana de Gonzaga Machado
name: Luz, Carlos
Publisher: name: Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa
Year: 2021

description: Numa sociedade cada vez mais agitada e mais exigente e na qual as crianças estão cada vez mais expostas a estímulos, torna-se difícil “acalmar a nossa mente e focar a nossa atenção em determinadas tarefas ignorando os estímulos circundantes que nos possam impedir de ter sucesso em determinada situação” (Fonseca, 2017, p.19). Considerando este ritmo alucinante em que vivemos, as crianças apresentam mais dificuldade em focar a sua atenção numa determinada tarefa, independentemente da sua duração (Breyner, 2016). Além disto, a sociedade depara-se com um maior nível de obesidade e inatividade infantil, em Portugal 32% das crianças entre os 2 e os 10 anos “têm excesso de peso, entre as quais 14,6% são obesas” (Associação Portuguesa Contra a Obesidade Infantil [APCOI], 2018, s.p.).
Valley lifetimes of conduction band electrons in monolayer WSe$_2$
Creators: name: Ersfeld, Manfred
name: Volmer, Frank
name: Rathmann, Lars
name: Kotewitz, Luca
name: Heithoff, Maximilian
name: Lohmann, Mark
name: Yang, Bowen
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Bartels, Ludwig
name: Shi, Jing
name: Stampfer, Christoph
name: Beschoten, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main tasks in the investigation of 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides is the determination of valley lifetimes. In this work, we combine time-resolved Kerr rotation with electrical transport measurements to explore the gate-dependent valley lifetimes of free conduction band electrons of monolayer WSe$_2$. When tuning the Fermi energy into the conduction band we observe a strong decrease of the respective valley lifetimes which is consistent with both spin-orbit and electron-phonon scattering. We explain the formation of a valley polarization by the scattering of optically excited valley polarized bright trions into dark states by intervalley scattering. Furthermore, we show that the conventional time-resolved Kerr rotation measurement scheme has to be modified to account for photo-induced gate screening effects. Disregarding this adaptation can lead to erroneous conclusions drawn from gate-dependent optical measurements and can completely mask the true gate-dependent valley dynamics.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Proximity Effect in Nb/Au/CoFe Trilayers
Creators: name: Kim, Jinho
name: Doh, Yong-Joo
name: Char, K.
name: Doh, Hyeonjin
name: Choi, Han-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the superconducting critical temperatures of Nb/Au/CoFe trilayers as a function of Au and CoFe thicknesses. Without the CoFe layer the superconducting critical temperatures of Nb/Au bilayers as a function of Au thickness follow the well-known proximity effect between a superconductor and a normal metal. The superconducting critical temperatures of Nb/Au/CoFe trilayers as a function of Au thickness exhibit a rapid initial increase in the small Au thickness region and increase slowly to a limiting value above this region, accompanied by a small oscillation of Tc. On the other hand, the superconducting critical temperatures of Nb/Au/CoFe trilayers as a function of CoFe thickness show non-monotonic behavior with a shallow dip feature. We analyzed the Tc behavior in terms of Usadel formalism and found that most features are consistent with the theory, although the small oscillation of Tc as a function of the Au thickness cannot be accounted for. We have also found quantitative values for the two interfaces: Nb/Au and Au/CoFe.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Nonlinear bound states with prescribed angular momentum
Creators: name: Nenciu, Irina
name: Shen, Xiaoan
name: Sparber, Christof
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4901
subject: Applied mathematics
classificationCode: 4904
subject: Pure mathematics

description: We prove the existence of a class of orbitally stable bound state solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations with super-quadratic confinement in two and three spatial dimensions. These solutions are given by time-dependent rotations of a non-radially symmetric spatial profile which in itself is obtained via a doubly constrained energy minimization. One of the two constraints imposed is the total mass, while the other is given by the expectation value of the angular momentum around the z-axis. Our approach also allows for a new description of the set of minimizers subject to only a single mass constraint.
Current-induced macrospin vs spin-wave excitations in spin valves
Creators: name: Brataas, Arne
name: Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mode dependence of current-induced magnetic excitations in spin valves is studied theoretically. The torque exerted on the magnetization by transverse spin currents as well as the Gilbert damping constant are found to depend strongly on the wave length of the excitation (spin wave). Analytic expressions are presented for the critical currents that excite a selected spin wave. The onset of macrospin (zero wavelength) vs finite wavelength instabilities depends on the device parameters and the current direction, in agreement with recent experimental findings.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Asymptotic behavior of the warm inflation scenario with viscous pressure
Creators: name: Mimoso, Jose P.
name: Nunes, Ana
name: Pavon, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dynamics of models of warm inflation with general dissipative effects. We consider phenomenological terms both for the inflaton decay rate and for viscous effects within matter. We provide a classification of the asymptotic behavior of these models and show that the existence of a late-time scaling regime depends not only on an asymptotic behavior of the scalar field potential, but also on an appropriate asymptotic behavior of the inflaton decay rate. There are scaling solutions whenever the latter evolves to become proportional to the Hubble rate of expansion regardless of the steepness of the scalar field exponential potential. We show from thermodynamic arguments that the scaling regime is associated to a power-law dependence of the matter-radiation temperature on the scale factor, which allows a mild variation of the temperature of the matter/radiation fluid. We also show that the late time contribution of the dissipative terms alleviates the depletion of matter, and increases the duration of inflation.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. PACS numbers: 98.80Cq, 47.75+f
ASSESSMENT OF WIC COST-CONTAINMENT PRACTICES; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Creators: name: Kirlin, John A.
name: Cole, Nancy
name: Logan, Christopher
name: Kirlin, John A.
name: Cole, Nancy
name: Logan, Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: WIC Program
subject: cost-containment
subject: food-item restrictions
subject: vendor restrictions
subject: manufacturers' rebates
subject: food package costs

description: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides both nutrition education and supplemental foods containing nutrients determined by nutritional research to be lacking in the diets of pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women, infants, and children. State WIC agencies have implemented practices designed to reduce the cost of food packages containing these prescribed foods. For instance, one of the WIC program's primary cost-saving practices is negotiating rebate contracts with manufacturers of infant formula. Additional practices include limiting authorized vendors to stores with lower food prices; limiting approved brands, package sizes, forms, or prices; and negotiating rebates with food manufacturers or suppliers. There is concern that these practices may inadvertently counter the program's goal of providing supplemental foods and nutrition education. Based on a review of cost-containment practices in six States, including interviews with the various stakeholders and analysis of WIC administrative files, the study draws three major conclusions: (1) costcontainment practices reduced average food package costs by 0.2 to 21.4 percent, depending on practices implemented and local conditions; (2) the cost-containment practices had few adverse outcomes for WIC participants; and (3) administrative costs of the practices were low, averaging about 1.5 percent of food package savings. The full report, Assessment of WIC Cost-Containment Practices: Final Report, is available online at http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/efan03005.
TIERING INCREASES CACFP SPONSORS' ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS: FOOD ASSISTANCE RESEARCH BRIEF
Creators: name: Ghelfi, Linda M.
name: Ghelfi, Linda M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: The two-tiered meal reimbursement system instituted in 1997 within the child care homes portion of the Child and Adult Care Food Program added new duties for sponsoring organizations. Is the reimbursement of sponsors' administrative costs adequate now that tiering has added income status determination and accounting to their duties? As the number of sponsors declines, is the CACFP readily accessible to family child care homes?
Electron-phonon effects on the Raman spectrum in MgB$_2$
Creators: name: Cappelluti, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous features of the Raman spectroscopy measurement in MgB$_2$ represent a still unresolved puzzle. In particular highly debated are the origin of the huge $E_{2g}$ phonon linewidth, the nature of the low energy ($ω< ω_{E_{2g}}$) background and the evolution of the Raman spectra with Al doping. In this paper we compute the self-energy of the $E_{2g}$ phonon mode in a fully self-consistent way taking into account electron-phonon effects on the electronic properties. We show that all the anomalous features can be naturally understood in a framework where the whole electron-phonon spectrum $α^2F(ω)$ gives rise to significant damping processes for the electronic excitations and consequently for the $E_{2g}$ phonon itself. The two-peak structure as function of the Al doping is ascribed to finite bandwidth effects arising as the Fermi level approaches the $σ$ band edge.
description: 4 revtex pages, eps figures included, final version as appears in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communication)
DO HEALTHY SCHOOL MEALS COST MORE? FOOD ASSISTANCE RESEARCH BRIEF
Creators: name: Guthrie, Joanne F.
name: Guthrie, Joanne F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: USDA school meal programs represent a significant Federal investment, at a cost of almost $8 billion in 2001. More than 27 million children are served school meals annually, making USDA school meals programs a logical place to look for action to improve children's diets. It has been argued that improving the nutritional quality of school meals will raise costs, and therefore increasing USDA school meal reimbursement levels is necessary for that improvement to occur. However, the relationship of school meal costs to success in achieving program outcomes-that is, serving healthful appealing meals that are well-consumed by children-has never been thoroughly investigated. Previous USDA studies of the school meal programs such as the National Evaluation of School Nutrition Programs (NESNP), conducted in school year 1980-81, and School Nutrition Dietary Assessment-I(SNDA-I), conducted in 1991-92, have examined important outcome measures such as participation and dietary intakes. Costs of school meals were also examined in a separate study conducted in school year 1992-93. However, these studies predate important changes in school meal nutrition standards. Moreover, separate collection of data on costs and outcomes did not allow exploration of the relationship between outcomes and costs.
The role of traps in the photocurrent generation mechanism in thin In-Se photodetectors
Creators: name: Zhao, Qinghua
name: Wang, Wei
name: Carrascoso-Plana, Felix
name: Jie, Wanqi
name: Wang, Tao
name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
name: Frisenda, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the excellent electrical transport properties and optoelectronic performance, thin indium selenide (InSe) has recently attracted attention in the field of 2D semiconducting materials. However, the mechanism behind the photocurrent generation in thin InSe photodetectors remains elusive. Here, we present a set of experiments aimed at explaining the strong scattering in the photoresponsivity values reported in the literature for thin InSe photodetectors. By performing optoelectronic measurements on thin InSe-based photodetectors operated under different environmental conditions we find that the photoresponsivity, the response time and the photocurrent power dependency are strongly correlated in this material. This observation indicates that the photogating effect plays an imporant role for thin InSe flakes, and it is the dominant mechanism in the ultra-high photoresponsivity of pristine InSe devices. In addition, when exposing the pristine InSe photodetectors to the ambient environment we observe a fast and irreversible change in the photoresponse, with a decrease in the photoresponsivity accompanied by an increase of the operating speed. We attribute this photodetector performance change (upon atmospheric exposure) to the decrease in the density of the traps present in InSe, due to the passivation of selenium vacancies by atmospheric oxygen species. This passivation is accompanied by a downward shift of the InSe Fermi level and by a decrease of the Fermi level pinning, which leads to an increase of the Schottky barrier between Au and InSe. Our study reveals the important role of traps induced by defects in tailoring the properties of devices based on 2D materials and offers a controllable route to design and functionalize thin InSe photodetectors to realize devices with either ultrahigh photoresposivity or fast operation speed.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures, Main text and Supporting Information
Image-guided robot-assisted diagnostic ultrasound
Creators: name: Abolmaesumi, Purang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Ultrasound technicians are often required to hold the transducers in awkward positions for prolonged periods of time, while exerting large forces. As a result, they suffer from an unusually high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. A novel robot-assisted tele-operation system has been proposed at the University of British Columbia to alleviate these problems. This thesis is part of this larger tele-operation system for diagnostic ultrasound. It contributes several novel real-time feature tracking methods for ultrasound images, the development of the "ultrasound visual servoing" concept, the design and implementation of the image controller and the user interface, the system integration and the development of several applications of the robot-assisted diagnostic ultrasound interface. It also makes a first attempt at comparing the robot-assisted approach with the conventional ultrasound examination through presenting the results of a human factors study. Ultrasound image features selected by the operator are recognized and tracked in realtime using a Correlation algorithm, a Sequential Similarity Detection algorithm, a Star algorithm, a Star-Kalman algorithm, and a Discrete Snakes algorithm. The Sequential Similarity Detection and the Star-Kalman algorithms have excellent performance while tracking features with motions of up to 25 mm/s (200 pixels/s); however, the Star-Kalman algorithm requires 60% less computation time. The Correlation and the Star algorithms exhibit poorer performance and have higher computational costs. The Snake algorithm is unable to track features with motions faster than 12 mm/s (100 pixels/s). All these methods have been compared for carotid artery tracking in ultrasound images over 10 second (300 frames) time periods. Based on feature tracking, ultrasound image servoing in three axes has been incorporated into the ultrasound robot interface and can be enabled to automatically compensate for unwanted motions in the plane of the ultrasound beam. The accuracy of the system is illustrated through a 3-D reconstruction of an ultrasound phantom and human carotid artery. Its functionality was tested by means of an Internetbased, robot-assisted tele-ultrasound examination conducted in Vancouver from Montreal.
title: The American Meteorological Society's Summer 2014 Policy Colloquium. Part 1: Policy Fundamentals
Creators: name: Stuart, Neil
Publisher: name: NOAA National Weather Service Eastern Region
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02txa8h30
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: Eastern Region technical attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)) ; 2015-01
description: This paper provides a summary of the policy fundamentals presented during the American Meteorological Society's (AMS) Summer 2014 Policy Colloquium in Washington D.C. The colloquium is a program that brings together professionals in federal and state governments, academia, and the private sector with atmospheric, ocean, environmental, and climate science backgrounds.  Participants are trained on how to use their scientific expertise to influence policy making and the budget process, with the goal of improving society's resilience and response to various challenges.
Metasurfaces for Quantum Photonics
Creators: name: Solntsev, Alexander S.
name: Agarwal, Girish S.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid progress in the development of metasurfaces allowed to replace bulky optical assemblies with thin nanostructured films, often called metasurfaces, opening a broad range of novel and superior applications to the generation, manipulation, and detection of light in classical optics. Recently, these developments started making a headway in quantum photonics, where novel opportunities arose for the control of nonclassical nature of light, including photon statistics, quantum state superposition, quantum entanglement, and single-photon detection. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in the field of quantum-photonics applications of metasurfaces, focusing on innovative and promising approaches to create, manipulate, and detect nonclassical light.
title: A Multi-Paradigm Modeling Framework for Modeling and Simulating Problem Situations
Creators: name: Lynch, Christopher James
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Problem situations are problems whose specifications are not universally agreed upon making them a challenge to be modeled and simulated. Models of problem situations depart from the premise of well-defined problems, problems where stakeholders disagree, but also modelers' interpretations play a role in their design and computer implementation.

This thesis proposes a multi-paradigm modeling framework for modeling and simulating problem situations in order to explore the problem space of the problem situations and answer specific modeling questions.

The proposed framework implements the Modeling and Simulation (M&S) System Development Framework (MS-SDF), which is a methodology for modeling a problem situation while capturing the perspective of not only the stakeholders and subject matter experts but also that of the modeler. This thesis shows how this methodology captures interactions between components at different levels of resolution and scope within a given perspective. Stakeholders' and modelers' perspectives are represented by a well-defined set of assumptions and constraints. The proposed framework: captures a reference model, formally specifying what is known and assumed; identifies a modeling question, providing the purpose of the model and simulation; captures a conceptual model, providing the conceptualization of the problem situation; and provides a simulation, providing the digital computer implementation of the conceptual model. Finally, an example that implements the multi-paradigm modeling framework is applied to model and simulate the obesity epidemic within a real-life city.
Additional file 1 of A minor allele of the haplotype located in the 19q13 loci is associated with a decreased risk of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, and a balanced diet and high protein intake can reduce the risk
Creators: name: Park, Sunmin
name: Kang, Suna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Table 1 was provided in online only.
Phalantha Gistel 1848
Creators: name: Bezděk, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Phalantha

description: Phalantha Gistel, 1848
 Phalantha Gistel, 1848a: 402; GISTEL (1848b): 123; GISTEL (1851): 123.
 Current status. Junior objective synonym of Polychalca Chevrolat, 1836 (see MONRÓS & BECHYNÉ 1956, SEENO & WILCOX 1982, BOROWIEC 1999).
 Comments. Phalantha Gistel, 1848 was proposed as an unnecessary new replacement name for Polychalca Chevrolat, 1836 (GISTEL 1848a).
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Jan, 2020, Review of the genus-level names proposed by Johannes Gistel in Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera), pp. 173-188 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on page 176, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.011, http://zenodo.org/record/3879369
FOOD ASSISTANCE AND NUTRITION RESEARCH SMALL GRANTS PROGRAM: EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES OF 2002 RESEARCH GRANTS
Creators: name: Tiehen, Laura
name: Tiehen, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food assistance
subject: nutrition
subject: vulnerable populations
subject: food security
subject: food insecurity
subject: hunger
subject: hungry
subject: food assistance
subject: food spending
subject: well-being
subject: Food Stamp Program
subject: food stamps
subject: National School Lunch Program
subject: WIC
subject: Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program

description: This report summarizes research findings from the Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Small Grants Program. The Economic Research Service created the program in 1998 to stimulate new and innovative research on food assistance and nutrition issues and to broaden the participation of social science scholars in these issues. The report includes summaries of the research projects that were awarded 1-year grants in summer and fall 2001. The results of these research projects were presented at the October 2002 Small Grants Program conference. The projects focus on food insecurity and hunger, nutritional status and diet quality, Federal food assistance program participation, and the role of private-sector organizations in the provision of food assistance. Some projects focus on specific populations, such as people living in the rural South and those living on American Indian reservations.
A frequency-doubled, pulsed laser system for rubidium manipulation
Creators: name: Dingjan, J.
name: Darquie, B.
name: Beugnon, J.
name: Jones, M. P. A.
name: Bergamini, S.
name: Messin, G.
name: Browaeys, A.
name: Grangier, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed a pulsed laser system for the manipulation of cold Rb atoms. The system combines optical telecommunications components and frequency doubling to generate light at 780 nm. Using a fast, fibre-coupled intensity modulator, output from a continuous laser diode is sliced into pulses with a length between 1.3 and 6.1 ns and a repetition frequency of 5 MHz. These pulses are amplified using an erbium-doped fibre amplifier, and frequency-doubled in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, yielding a peak power up to 12 W. Using the resulting light at 780 nm, we demonstrate Rabi oscillations on the F = 2 F=3-transition of a single 87Rb atom.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
The Structure of F-Quasigroups
Creators: name: Kepka, Tomáš
name: Kinyon, Michael K.
name: Phillips, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N05

description: We solve a problem of Belousov which has been open since 1967: to characterize the loop isotopes of F-quasigroups. We show that every F-quasigroup has a Moufang loop isotope which is a central product of its nucleus and Moufang center. We then use the loop to reveal the structure of the associated F-quasigroup.
description: 24 pages. v.2 incorporates minor changes suggested by the referee. To appear in the Journal of Algebra
title: A meta-analysis of climate migration literature
Creators: name: Šedová, Barbora
name: Čizmaziová, Lucia
name: Cook, Athene
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: The large literature that aims to find evidence of climate migration delivers mixed findings. This meta-regression analysis i) summarizes direct links between adverse climatic events and migration, ii) maps patterns of climate migration, and iii) explains the variation in outcomes. Using a set of limited dependent variable models, we meta-analyze thus-far the most comprehensive sample of 3,625 estimates from 116 original studies and produce novel insights on climate migration. We find that extremely high temperatures and drying conditions increase migration. We do not find a significant effect of sudden-onset events. Climate migration is most likely to emerge due to contemporaneous events, to originate in rural areas and to take place in middle-income countries, internally, to cities. The likelihood to become trapped in affected areas is higher for women and in low-income countries, particularly in Africa. We uniquely quantify how pitfalls typical for the broader empirical climate impact literature affect climate migration findings. We also find evidence of different publication biases.
description: CEPA Discussion Papers; 29
Multi-frequency analysis of neutralino dark matter annihilations in the Coma cluster
Creators: name: Colafrancesco, S.
name: Profumo, S.
name: Ullio, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the astrophysical implications of neutralino dark matter annihilations in galaxy clusters, with a specific application to the Coma cluster. We first address the determination of the dark halo models for Coma, starting from structure formation models and observational data, and we discuss in detail the role of sub-halos. We then perform a thorough analysis of the transport and diffusion properties of neutralino annihilation products, and investigate the resulting multi-frequency signals, from radio to gamma-ray frequencies. We also study other relevant astrophysical effects of neutralino annihilations, like the DM-induced Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and the intracluster gas heating. As for the particle physics setup, we adopt a two-fold approach, resorting both to model-independent bottom-up scenarios and to benchmark, GUT-motivated frameworks. We show that the Coma radio-halo data (the spectrum and the surface brightness) can be nicely fitted by the neutralino-induced signal for peculiar particle physics models and for magnetic field values, which we outline in detail. Fitting the radio data and moving to higher frequencies, we find that the multi-frequency spectral energy distributions are typically dim (with respect to the data) at EUV and X-ray frequencies, but show a non-negligible gamma-ray emission, depending on the amplitude of the Coma magnetic field. The best-fit particle physics models also produce a detectable SZ effect, but do not yield substantial heating of the intracluster gas in Coma. Due to the specific multi-frequency features of the DM-induced spectral energy distribution in Coma, we find that supersymmetric models can be significantly and optimally constrained either in the gamma-rays or at radio and microwave frequencies.
description: 30 pages, 26 figures, 4 Tables. Replaced with version accepted for publication in A&A
TRACING THE IMPACTS OF FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ON AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMERS: A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
Creators: name: Hanson, Kenneth
name: Golan, Elise H.
name: Vogel, Stephen J.
name: Olmsted, Jennifer
name: Hanson, Kenneth
name: Golan, Elise H.
name: Vogel, Stephen J.
name: Olmsted, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: General equilibrium analysis
subject: computable general equilibrium model
subject: food stamps
subject: food stamp cash-out
subject: food assistance policy
subject: agricultural linkages

description: Changes in food assistance policy can have impacts on economic activity and household income across the economy. Using a Computable General Equilibrium model focusing on food assistance, we found that both a hypothetical cut in food stamp benefits and a hypothetical cash-out of the Food Stamp Program led to reductions in food demand and farm production. In addition, this hypothetical cut in food stamp benefits resulted in a decline in transfer income for low-income households that was not compensated for by increased labor income. The cash-out triggered general equilibrium effects that led to higher taxes and reductions in labor income, chiefly for high-income households. The Food Assistance Computable General Equilibrium model includes modeling innovations that make it particularly useful for investigating the potential economic impact of changes in food assistance policy. These innovations include allowing household consumption patterns to vary by income and food stamp benefits, letting labor supply and demand vary by skill level and occupation, and using considerable industry detail for key agricultural and food processing sectors.
FOOD STAMP BENEFITS AND CHILD POVERTY IN THE 1990s
Creators: name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: Tiehen, Laura
name: Gundersen, Craig
name: Winicki, Joshua
name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: Tiehen, Laura
name: Gundersen, Craig
name: Winicki, Joshua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food stamps
subject: children
subject: poverty
subject: Current Population Survey
subject: sample design

description: In 2000, 8.8 million children received food stamps, making the Food Stamp Program a crucial component of the social safety net. Despite its importance, little research has examined the effect of food stamps on children's overall well-being. Using the Current Population Survey from 1989 to 2001, we consider the impact of food stamps on three measures of poverty - the headcount, the poverty gap, and the squared poverty gap. These measures portray the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty. We find that in comparison to the headcount measure, food stamp benefits lead to large reductions in the poverty gap and squared poverty gap measures. We then simulate the effects of several changes in the distribution of food stamps and find that a general across-the-board increase in benefits has little impact on poverty reduction. In contrast, targeted changes can greatly reduce the depth and severity of poverty - increasing benefits to the poor results in a greater reduction in the depth of poverty than expanding participation rates, at a similar cost, among poor households.
On the properties of fractal cloud complexes
Creators: name: Sanchez, Nestor
name: Alfaro, Emilio J.
name: Perez, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the physical properties derived from interstellar cloud complexes having a fractal structure. We first generate fractal clouds with a given fractal dimension and associate each clump with a maximum in the resulting density field. Then, we discuss the effect that different criteria for clump selection has on the derived global properties. We calculate the masses, sizes and average densities of the clumps as a function of the fractal dimension (D_f) and the fraction of the total mass in the form of clumps (epsilon). In general, clump mass does not fulfill a simple power law with size of the type M_cl ~ (R_cl)**(gamma), instead the power changes, from gamma ~ 3 at small sizes to gamma<3 at larger sizes. The number of clumps per logarithmic mass interval can be fitted to a power law N_cl ~ (M_cl)**(-alpha_M) in the range of relatively large masses, and the corresponding size distribution is N_cl ~ (R_cl)**(-alpha_R) at large sizes. When all the mass is forming clumps (epsilon=1) we obtain that as D_f increases from 2 to 3 alpha_M increases from ~0.3 to ~0.6 and alpha_R increases from ~1.0 to ~2.1. Comparison with observations suggests that D_f ~ 2.6 is roughly consistent with the average properties of the ISM. On the other hand, as the fraction of mass in clumps decreases (epsilon<1) alpha_M increases and alpha_R decreases. When only ~10% of the complex mass is in the form of dense clumps we obtain alpha_M ~ 1.2 for D_f=2.6 (not very different from the Salpeter value 1.35), suggesting this a likely link between the stellar initial mass function and the internal structure of molecular cloud complexes.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN THE UNITED STATES, 2003
Creators: name: Nord, Mark
name: Andrews, Margaret S.
name: Carlson, Steven
name: Nord, Mark
name: Andrews, Margaret S.
name: Carlson, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food security
subject: food insecurity
subject: hunger
subject: food pantry
subject: emergency kitchen
subject: material well-being
subject: Food Stamp Program
subject: National School Lunch Program
subject: WIC

description: Eighty-nine percent of American households were food secure throughout the entire year in 2003, meaning that they had access, at all times, to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members. The remaining households were food insecure at least some time during that year. The prevalence of food insecurity, 11.2 percent of households, was not statistically different from the 11.1 percent observed in 2002. The prevalence of food insecurity with hunger was unchanged at 3.5 percent. This report, based on data from the December 2003 food security survey, provides the most recent statistics on the food security of U.S. households, as well as on how much they spent for food and the extent to which food-insecure households participated in Federal and community food assistance programs. Survey responses indicate that the typical food-secure household in the U.S. spent 34 percent more on food than the typical food-insecure household of the same size and household composition. Just over one-half of all food-insecure households participated in one or more of the three largest Federal food assistance programs during the month prior to the survey.
Recent Progress on Particle Acceleration and Reconnection Physics during Magnetic Reconnectionin the Magnetically-dominated Relativistic Regime
Creators: name: Guo, Fan
name: Liu, Yi-Hsin
name: Li, Xiaocan
name: Li, Hui
name: Daughton, William
name: Kilian, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic reconnection in strongly magnetized astrophysical plasma environments is believed to be the primary process for fast energy release and particle energization. Currently there is strong interest in relativistic magnetic reconnection, in that it may provide a new explanation for high-energy particle acceleration and radiation in strongly magnetized astrophysical systems. We review recent advances in particle acceleration and reconnection physics in the magnetically-dominated regime. More discussion is focused on the physics of particle acceleration, power-law formation as well as the reconnection rate problem. In addition, we provide an outlook for studying reconnection acceleration mechanisms and kinetic physics in the next step.
description: review paper to appear in Physics of Plasmas. Resubmit after incorporating reviewers' comments