Simulium jeteri
Creators: name: Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C.
name: Hamada, Neusa
name: Pepinelli, Mateus
name: Mardini, Lúcia B. L. F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium jeteri

description: Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005)
Thyrsopelma jeteri Py-Daniel et al. 2005: 465 –471. Holotype: female extracted from pupa and its pupal exuviae. Brazil: Rio
Grande do Sul State, Barracão municipality, Espigão Alto locality, Arroio Marmeleiro; 2.ix.1988, (Py-Daniel, V., Darwich,
S., Mardini, L. & Barbosa, U.C) (INPA n° 6284) (not examined). Simulium jeteri; Hamada et al. 2006, Couceiro et al. 2014. Simulium (Thyrsopelma) jeteri; Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias 2007: 685; Coscarón et al. 2008: 48. Simulium (Trichodagmia) jeteri; Shelley et al. 2010: 432; Hernández 2011: 137; Adler & Crosskey 2008–2018 [Inventory].
Redescription. Male (Figs 2A, 3 A–F, 4A–H, 5A–F, 15A–C). Body covered with silver pruinosity; generally dark brown. Body length (neck to abdominal tip) = 1.9–2.3 mm (n = 5); thorax, lateral length (neck to anterior region of hind wing articulation) = 0.7–0.73 mm (n = 5). Wing length (2.0– 2.2 mm), width (0.9–1.1 mm) (n = 3).
Head. Antenna (Fig. 4G) of 11 articles with silver pruinosity; length = 0.3–0.4 mm (n = 3); scape yellowish brown, pedicel, and flagellomere dark brown. Eye brown. Clypeus with silver pruinosity. Palpus (Fig. 4H): palpomere III dark brown, palpomere IV brown and palpomere V whitish brown; palpomere V about 3.8–4.2 times as long as palpomere III and 2.9–3.2 times as long as palpomere IV; sensory vesicle small, spherical, approximately 1/5 length of palpomere III (n = 6).
Thorax. Scutum with general coloration dark brown; with recumbent, thick, golden hairs (easily removed) (Figs 3 A–F). Scutal pattern varying slightly with incident light. With anterior light incidence (Figs 3A, B): anterior region with 1 + 1 silver marks, subrectangular (best seeing without hairs). With posterior light incidence (Figs 3C, D): anterior region with 1 + 1 silver marks, subrectangular (best seeing without hairs); posterior margin silver. Anepisternum and katepisternum grayish, with silver pruinosity. Scutellum orangish brown, with erect golden hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown, with silver pruinosity. Wing: costa with spine-like setae among hairlike setae; Sc mostly bare, 1/6 basal with 3–5 hair-like setae; R with hair-like setae along entire length; distal ¼ with spine-like setae (Fig. 4A). Halter whitish, with base dark brown. Foreleg (Fig. 4B): coxa, trochanter and femur brown, except by distal region of femur dark brown; tibia, basitarsus and tarsomeres dark brown. Middle and hind legs with similar color pattern (Figs 4C, D): coxae, trochanters and femora brown, tibiae brown, except by proximal regions yellowish brown; basitarsi whitish brown, except by distal regions dark-brown; tarsomeres dark brown. Femora with abundant, filiform and narrow, scale-like setae (Figs 4E, F).
Abdomen. Basal fringe with long, thin, brownish and blackish brown hairs; tergites brown, lateral areas of tergites II and V–VII with silver pruinosity. Gonocoxite and gonostylus (Figs 5A, B, D) dark brown, except proximal region of gonocoxite translucent brown; gonostylus and distal region of gonocoxite covered with long, thick, brownish setae; in ventral view gonocoxite wider than long; gonostylus approximately 2.5 times longer than basal width and 2.8 times longer than gonocoxite length; gonostylus with one stout spine at apex. Ventral plate (Figs 5C, 15 A–C): main body subrectangular, about 1.5 times wider than long, concave posteriorly; shoulder developed, approximately as long as the main body of the ventral plate; median projection developed and covered with thin setae; in dorsal view (Fig. 5C), base of median projection inserted medially, represented by small, rounded, invaginated region (arrow); in ventral view (Fig. 15A), median projection longer than wide, with distal region enlarged and rounded, ventral keel evident; in lateral view (Fig. 15B), median projection elongated, rounded apex, with similar width along entire length, except base abruptly constricted, region below median projection with well-marked crenulations; in ventral view (with apex tilted dorsally) (Fig. 15C) median projection club-shaped, with a ventral keel on basal half (arrow). Median sclerite rectangular, with a deep incision medially (Fig. 5F). Paramere without spines; aedeagal membrane with spicules (Fig. 5E).
Female (Figs 2B, 6 A–D, 7A–D, 8A–E, 9A–G). Body covered with silver pruinosity; generally grayish. Body length (neck to abdominal tip) = 2.5–2.7 mm (n = 4); thoracic lateral length (neck to anterior region of hind wing articulation) 0.72 = 0.9–1.1 mm (n = 3). Wing length (2.3–2.5 mm), width (1.1–1.3 mm) (n = 3).
Head. Antenna (Fig. 7D) of 11 articles with silver pruinosity; length = 0.4–0.6 mm (n = 3); scape and pedicel yellowish brown; flagellomere light brown. Eye grayish brown. Frons about 1.7 times as long as wide (Fig. 6D), dark gray, with silver pruinosity; fronto-ocular suture absent; nudiocular area weakly developed (Fig. 7A). Maxillary palp (Fig. 7C): palpomere III dark brown, palpomere IV brown and palpomere V light brown; palpomere V about 2.0–2.3 times as long as palpomere III, 4.0–4.3 times as long as palpomere IV; sensory vesicle small, spherical, approximately 1.8 as long as palpomere III. Mandible with 4–7 weak external serrations and 27–33 internal teeth (n = 6). Lacinia with 27–31 retrorse teeth (n = 6). Cibarium with sclerotized cornuae, medial area with small teeth (Fig. 7B).
Thorax. Scutum dark gray; with recumbent golden hairs (Figs 6 A–D). Anepisternum and katepisternum grayish, with silver pruinosity. Scutellum grayish brown, with long, thick, erect, golden and black hairs posteriorly. Postnotum black with silver pruinosity. Wing: costa with spine-like setae among hair-like setae; Sc with thick setae along length, except distal region bare; R with hair-like setae along entire length, distal ¼ with spine-like setae (Fig. 7A). Halter whitish, with dark brown base. Foreleg (Fig. 7B): coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish brown, except by distal region of tibia dark brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres blackish. Middle and hind legs with similar color pattern (Figs 7C, D): coxa and trochanter yellowish brown; femur brown, except distal region dark brown; tibia whitish, except distal region dark brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres dark brown. Hind legs with calcipala as long as wide, not reaching pedisulcus (Fig. 7B), pedisulcus deeply excised. Tarsal claws untoothed (Fig. 7F).
Abdomen: Basal fringe with long, thin, brown and blackish brown hairs; tergites dark gray, distal margins lighter, laterally with silver pruinosity. Cercus, in lateral view (Fig. 9C), wider than long, with long, brown setae. Anal lobe, in lateral view (Fig. 9C), sclerotized, with long brown setae; distal projection membranous, bell-shaped, almost as wide as long, short, with thin, short golden hairs; in ventrolateral view (Fig. 9D), with distal projection subtriangular, longer than wide; in posteroventral view (in situ, after clearing as in Fig. 9A, and partially dissected as in Fig. 9B), distal projection medially directed; inner margin concave medially, forming 2 projections internally folded: one less prominent, rounded, and one longer, subtriangular. Hypogynial valves widely separated (Fig. 9F), unsclerotized, rounded apically, with microtrichia. Genital fork (Fig. 9E) with stem longer than lateral arms, slightly expanded apically; lateral arms forming broad U at junction with stem, rectangular distally; anteriorly directed apodeme well developed. Spermatheca (Fig. 9G) subspherical, with cuticular microspines; spermathecal duct unpigmented.
Pupa (additional information) (Figs 10 A–C, 11). Cocoon dorsal length 2–3 mm (n = 8); ventral length 2.3–3.1 mm (n = 8); pupa lateral length 2.3–2.8 mm (n = 8).
Cocoon aperture not high (anterior region only slightly elevated and thorax not exposed), with anterior rim thickened; cocoon partially covering the gills (Fig. 10A). Gill (Figs 10 A–C) with 15 grayish, short, rigid, robust filaments; filaments entirely covered with microspicules distributed in annular arrangement; filaments acuminated and strongly sclerotized apically; main trunk short, giving rise to five sets of primary branches: one anterior with three filaments, one anterolateral with two filaments, one external with two filaments, one internal and one posterior both with four filaments each; filaments branching at different heights and subequal in length, basal fenestra not evident. Abdomen tergite I brownish, strongly sclerotized; abdominal segment II with anterior region sclerotized (Fig. 11).
Larva (last-instar) (additional information): (Figs 12A, B; 13A, B; 14 A–C). Body length 4.5–5.7 mm (n = 8); head capsule lateral length 0.5–0.63 mm (n = 8).
Body coloration generally grayish green to reddish brown, whitish ventrally (Figs 12A, B). Head capsule yellowish brown, some areas whitish (Figs 13A, B; 14 A–C). Postgenal cleft with brownish or greenish pigment (Figs 14A, B); subesophageal ganglion pigmented (Figs 14A, B). Ventral tubercles absent.
Bionomics. Immature stages of S. jeteri were collected in streams located on Atlantic Forest domain ranging from 2–50m in width (Figs 1 A–C). At the sampling sites, the streambed was composed of sand, boulders, and bedrock. Larvae and pupae were collected mainly on submerged trunks, branches and leaves, where the water current was very fast. In the sampled sites, S. jeteri was collected in sympatry with Simulium orbitale Lutz, 1910 and Simulium itaunense d’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. We have no information on the female feeding habits of this species; it was not collected biting humans during field work. More bionomic information is in the original description (Py-Daniel et al. 2005).
Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State. São Marcos municipality, São Marcos River (29°02’04.9”S; 51°05’11.4”W), 07.IX.2004 and 10.V.2006, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols; Jaquirana municipality, Antas River (28°30’11.7”S; 50°10’32”W), 09.IX.2004, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols; Cambará do Sul municipality, Venâncios’s waterfalls (29°0’37”S; 50°9’11”W), 09.IX.2004, Hamada, N., Meneses, V., Pepinelli, M. cols: (6 larvae and 6 pupae on slides, 4 larvae and 4 pupae in ethanol, 3 male and 3 female pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerine—INPA). Brasil, Santa Catarina State. Tangará municipality, Leão River (27°19’54”S; 51°19’21”W), 18.IX.2011, Hamada, N. col (4 larvae and 4 pupae on slides, 4 larvae and 4 pupae in ethanol—INPA).
description: Published as part of Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Hamada, Neusa, Pepinelli, Mateus & Mardini, Lúcia B. L. F., 2019, Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae), pp. 249-266 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 251-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2601172