cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Religion as DUP Activity
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Srinivasan, T. N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Economics

description: Can religion be rescued from the dark recesses of our souls and brought into the intellectual folds of the dismal discipline of Economics? Along with mortal suicide and divorce, divine Providence should be readily vulnerable to the desiccated diagnosis of conventional economics. At the same time, a quiet contemplation of the social scene on Sundays in Christian countries, if not a pleasurable afternoon spent with G.K. Chesterson's entertaining Father Brown, immediately suggests that organized religion, where man must stand on the shoulders of other men to reach out to the heavens above, may be yet another DUP (directly-unproductive, profit-seeking) activity whose implications can be analyzed in the spirit of the unconventional public-choice-theoretic approach to economics. Below, therefore, we proceed to center our analysis on organized religion as indeed a DUP-theoretic phenomenon, revealing to our readers the Truth for their Enlightenment. In an Appendix, we then consider the heresies of Dixit and Grossman (1984) who, in a contribution laced with frivolity and wit (which we seek to preserve here), have preceded us with an analysis of organized religion which they christened with characteristic inspiration as Directly Unproductive Prophet-seeking Activity.
Network Extreme Eigenvalue - from Multimodal to Scale-free Network
Creators: name: Chung, Ning Ning
name: Chew, Lock Yue
name: Lai, Choy Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The extreme eigenvalues of adjacency matrices are important indicators on the influences of topological structures to collective dynamical behavior of complex networks. Recent findings on the ensemble averageability of the extreme eigenvalue further authenticate its sensibility in the study of network dynamics. Here we determine the ensemble average of the extreme eigenvalue and characterize the deviation across the ensemble through the discrete form of random scale-free network. Remarkably, the analytical approximation derived from the discrete form shows significant improvement over the previous results. This has also led us to the same conclusion as [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 248701 (2007)] that deviation in the reduced extreme eigenvalues vanishes as the network size grows.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Online Gamma-Ray Burst catalog for neutrino telescopes
Creators: name: Aguilar, Juan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of cosmic rays is still one of the unresolved questions in modern physics. Violent and high energetic explosions of γ-ray emission known as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are perhaps one of the main candidates of sources of hadron acceleration and therefore of neutrino emission. Neutrino telescopes search for signatures of cosmic neutrinos such as an excess of neutrinos in time and space coincidence with a GRB. These searches use catalogues of GRBs by satellite experiments. The online catalog presented here is a useful tool that provides a reference catalog of GRBs for neutrino telescopes in particular and GRBs analyzers in general.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 32nd ICRC Beijing 2011
Direct Observation of the Spontaneous Emission of the Hyperfine Transition F = 4 to F = 3 in Ground State Hydrogenlike 165Ho66+ in an Electron Beam Ion Trap
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R. Crespo
name: Beiersdorfer, P.
name: Widmann, Klaus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: We report the first direct laboratory measurement of the spontaneous emission due to the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of a highly charged hydrogenlike ion excited by electron collisions. The transition between the F = 4 and F = 3 levels of the 1s2S1/2 configuration of hydrogenlike 165Ho65+ was observed and its wavelength was determined to 5726.4±1.5Å. After taking into account relativistic, nuclear charge distribution, Bohr-Weisskopf, and QED corrections, we observe a significant deviation from commonly tabulated values of the nuclear dipole magnetic moment of this nucleus
Erosión costera frente a Quintas Papagayo /
Creators: name: Alvarado Peña, Carla Esthela.
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: GB458.85 A58 1995

description: Quintas Papagayo ubicado en el extremo sur de Playitas, se ha caracterizado por la presencia de una playa formada por cantos rodados y, sin embargo, a últimas fechas ha desaparecido, lo que a traído consigo un proceso erosivo del cantil formado por aluvión, areniscas consolidadas y roca volcánica el cual anteriormente era protegida por la playa de cantos rodados.
Record statistics and persistence for a random walk with a drift
Creators: name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
name: Wergen, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study the statistics of records of a one-dimensional random walk of n steps, starting from the origin, and in presence of a constant bias c. At each time-step the walker makes a random jump of length ηdrawn from a continuous distribution f(η) which is symmetric around a constant drift c. We focus in particular on the case were f(η) is a symmetric stable law with a Lévy index 0 < μ\leq 2. The record statistics depends crucially on the persistence probability which, as we show here, exhibits different behaviors depending on the sign of c and the value of the parameter μ. Hence, in the limit of a large number of steps n, the record statistics is sensitive to these parameters (c and μ) of the jump distribution. We compute the asymptotic mean record number after n steps as well as its full distribution P(R,n). We also compute the statistics of the ages of the longest and the shortest lasting record. Our exact computations show the existence of five distinct regions in the (c, 0 < μ\leq 2) strip where these quantities display qualitatively different behaviors. We also present numerical simulation results that verify our analytical predictions.
description: 51 pages, 22 figures. Published version (typos have been corrected)
Trade and Poverty in the Poor Countries
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Srinivasan, T. N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: While freer trade, or "openness" in trade, is now widely regarded as economically benign, in the sense that it increases the size of the pie, the recent anti-globalization critics have suggested that it is socially malign on several dimensions, among them the question of poverty. Their contention is that trade accentuates, not ameliorates, and that it deepens, not diminishes, poverty in both the rich and the poor countries. The theoretical and empirical analysis of the impact of freer trade on poverty in the rich and in the poor countries is not symmetric, of course. We focus here only on the latter. In doing so, we distinguish between two different strands of argumentation: static and dynamic.
title: Low dose high resolution Computed Tomography in revised Atlanta classification for acute pancreatitis
Creators: name: Elfar, Elsayed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Acute
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Pancreas
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review technique of low dose high resolution Computed Tomography of pancreas. Review the revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis Discuss the role of CT in differentiation of interstitial edematous from necrotizing pancreatitis. Present...
Beamforming schemes for next generation wireless communication systems
Creators: name: Liang, Yangwen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and relaying are two promising techniques which will be employed in next generation wireless communication systems. Transmit beamforming (BF) and receive combining are simple yet popular methods for performance enhancement for MIMO and/or relaying. This thesis investigates several BF schemes for MIMO and relaying systems. For systems combining MIMO and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology, we propose a novel time-domain BF (TD-BF) scheme which uses cyclic BF filters (C-BFFs). Both perfect and partial channel state information at the transmitter are considered. The C-BFFs are optimized for maximum average mutual information per sub-carrier and minimum average uncoded bit error rate. We show that TD-BF has a more favorable performance/feedback rate trade-off than previously proposed frequency-domain BF schemes. Secondly, BF for one-way cooperative networks with multiple multi-antenna amplify-and-forward relays in frequency-nonselective channels is considered. The source BF vector and the amplify-and-forward BF matrices at the relays are optimized for maximization of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the destination under three different power constraints. We show the benefits of having multiple antennas at the source and/or multiple multi-antenna relays. Subsequently, we investigate filter-and-forward BF (FF-BF) for one-way relay networks in frequency-selective channels. For the processing at the destination, we investigate two different cases: a simple slicer, and a linear equalizer (LE) or a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). For both cases, we optimize the FF-BF matrix filters at the relays for maximization of the SINR under a transmit power constraint, and for the first case we consider additionally optimization of the FF-BF matrix filters for minimization of the total transmit power under a quality of service constraint. Leveraging results from one-way relaying, we also investigate FF-BF for two-way relay networks. For the simple slicer case, we show that the optimization problems are convex. For the LE/DFE case, we establish an upper and an achievable lower bound for an SINR max-min problem.
Problem gambling stigma: stereotypes, labels, self-stigma, and treatment-seeking
Creators: name: Horch, Jenny D.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 99-117
description: Includes copies of ethics approval. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Introduction: Stigma is a cause of reduced treatment-seeking and delay and has recently been explored as a factor in problem gambling, a population in which 1 in 10 seek treatment (Cunningham, 2005). As stigma has been conceptualized as a process consisting of labels, stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, the present three-part study examines stereotypes (study 1), the relative impact of symptoms and labels on desired social distance (study 2), and self-stigma (study 3) in problem gambling. Methods: A qualitative analysis with 152 undergraduates was used to examine problem gambling stereotype content with free response and checklist methodologies (study 1). An online vignette study engaged 801 undergraduates (study 2). Path analysis was used to examine self-stigma and enlisted 159 individuals with gambling problems to complete paper and pencil questionnaires. Results: Problem gambler stereotypes generated included compulsive, irrational, impulsive, risk-taking, antisocial, aggressive, irresponsible, greedy and depressed. Symptom presence accounted for greater variance in social distance than labels and number of symptoms did not impact desired social distance. Labelling led to stigma only in the absence of symptoms. In study 3, the data fit the proposed path model well and self-stigma resulted in reduced self-esteem and increased shame. Shame predicted the negative coping efforts of secrecy and withdrawal. Contrary to expectations, self-stigma predicted increased treatment-seeking. Applying negative stereotypes to problem gamblers as a whole led to reduced treatment-seeking. Additional predictors of treatment-seeking included gambling problem severity, attitudes towards treatment, sex, and income. Conclusions: Implications for problem gambling stigma, for interventions designed for at-risk gamblers and the general public, for problem gambling treatment providers, and for future problem gambling classification are discussed.
Vibration control of super tall buildings subjected to wind loads
Creators: name: Chai, Winston
name: Feng, Maria Q.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Excessive vibration due to wind loads is a major obstacle in design and construction of a super tall building. The authors recently introduced an innovative method for controlling the wind response of super tall buildings, which takes advantage of the so-called mega-sub structural configuration. Preliminary investigation was performed under the assumption that the wind load is a white noise and the building can be modeled as a shear structure. In this paper, a more reasonable tall building model (a cantilever beam) and a more realistic wind load model (a non-white stochastic process in time and space) are employed to design passive and hybrid mega-sub control systems and to examine the performance of such controlled buildings. Building vibration in both along-wind and across-wind directions is examined. The control parameters of the proposed systems, including the frequency ratio of the sub to the mega structures, the damping ratio of the sub structure, and the feedback gains of the actuator force, are studied and their optimal values are obtained. For comparison, a tall building without control and one with the conventional tuned-mass-damper control are also studied under the same load conditions. The significant cost-effectiveness of the proposed mega-sub systems is demonstrated in reducing the acceleration and deformation responses of tall buildings to wind loads, not only enhancing the safety of structure and its contents but also improving the comfort of occupants.
Reusing Test-Cases on Different Levels of Abstraction in a Model Based Development Tool
Creators: name: Blech, Jan Olaf
name: Mou, Dongyue
name: Ratiu, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Seamless model based development aims to use models during all phases of the development process of a system. During the development process in a component-based approach, components of a system are described at qualitatively differing abstraction levels: during requirements engineering component models are rather abstract high-level and underspecified, while during implementation the component models are rather concrete and fully specified in order to enable code generation. An important issue that arises is assuring that the concrete models correspond to abstract models. In this paper, we propose a method to assure that concrete models for system components refine more abstract models for the same components. In particular we advocate a framework for reusing testcases at different abstraction levels. Our approach, even if it cannot completely prove the refinement, can be used to ensure confidence in the development process. In particular we are targeting the refinement of requirements which are represented as very abstract models. Besides a formal model of our approach, we discuss our experiences with the development of an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system in a model driven development process. This uses extensions which we implemented for our model-based development tool and which are briefly presented in this paper.
description: In Proceedings MBT 2012, arXiv:1202.5826
Correlations between laboratory line lists for FeH, CrH, and NiH and M-star spectra collected with ESPaDOnS and SPIRou
Creators: name: Crozet, P.
name: Morin, J.
name: Ross, A. J.
name: Bellotti, S.
name: Donati, J. F.
name: Fouqué, P.
name: Moutou, C.
name: Petit, P.
name: Carmona, A.
name: Kóspál, A.
name: Adam, A. G.
name: Tokaryk, D. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular bands of metal oxides and hydrides dominate the optical and near-infrared spectra of M dwarfs. High-resolution spectra of these bands have immense potential for determining many properties of these stars, such as effective temperature, surface gravity, elemental abundances, radial velocity, or surface magnetic fields. Techniques are being developed to do this but remain limited by the current availability and accuracy of molecular data and spectral line lists. This paper reports metal monohydride line lists selected from near-infrared and visible laboratory data to show that specific bands in several electronic transitions can be used to identify CrH, NiH, and FeH in M stars and to determine radial velocities from Doppler shifts. The possibility of measuring magnetic fields is also investigated for FeH and CrH. We used systematic cross-correlation analysis between unpolarised spectra from a selection of M stars and state-specific laboratory line lists. These lists were generated from a combination of existing data and new laboratory laser-excitation spectra recorded at Doppler-limited resolution, in zero-field conditions or in magnetic fields up to 0.6 tesla. Results. We show that transitions at visible wavelengths in FeH and NiH, usually neglected in the analysis of the spectra of M-type stars, do in fact contribute to the spectra, and we demonstrate the influence of magnetic sensitivity on selected transitions in CrH and FeH. Although the new line lists focus on transitions recorded at temperatures significantly lower than those of stellar objects, they remain pertinent because they cover some band-head regions of high spectral density. FeH bands can provide a useful supplement to atomic lines for the analysis of high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectra of M dwarfs. We demonstrate the influence of a magnetic field on CrH signatures around 862 nm.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 10 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, additional material will be made available at CDS/Vizier
Fast Track to Nowhere
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: Opinion. Argues that United States President Bill Clinton's trade-policy goals are more significant than whether or not he gets so-called fast-track trade negotiating authority. The controversy over fast-track as misplaced; Clinton's desire to add Chile to the North American Free Trade Agreement and move further towards creating a Free Trade Agreement of the Americas; Ways these goals could be accomplished without fast-track.
Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in Germany, 2013
Creators: name: Huzly, D.
name: Umhau, M.
name: Bettinger, D.
name: Cathomen, T.
name: Emmerich, F.
name: Hasselblatt, P.
name: Hengel, H.
name: Herzog, R.
name: Kappert, O.
name: Maassen, S.
name: Schorb, E.
name: Schulz-Huotari, C.
name: Thimme, R.
name: Unmussig, R.
name: Wenzel, Jürgen J.
name: Panning, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: The reported IgG seroprevalence against hepatitis E virus (HEV) in German blood donations is 6.8%, and HEV RNA detected in 0.08%, but documented evidence for HEV transmission is lacking. We identified two donations from a single donor containing 120 IU HEV RNA/mL plasma and 490 IU/mL. An infectious dose of 7,056 IU HEV RNA was transmitted via apheresis platelets to an immunosuppressed patient who developed chronic HEV. Further, transmission was probable in an immunocompetent child.
Rompeolas separado de la costa :
Creators: name: Ferrer Vega, Angela.
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Costas||Defensa contra las aguas||Baja California||Ensenada||Rompeolas||Diseño y construcción||Oceanología||Física||Tesis
subject: TC229.B3 F47 2003

description: Cuando se presentan problemas de erosión en una zona de cantiles, comúnmente las alternativas de protección son los muros, gaviones y rompeolas separados de la costa.
On Reanalyzing the Harris-Todaro Model: Policy Rankings in the Case of Sector-Specific Sticky Wages
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Srinivasan, T. N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1974
Subjects: Economics
Labor economics

description: In a brilliant and pioneering paper, John Harris and Michael Todaro introduced a model with two sectors, manufacturing (urban) and agriculture (rural), a (sticky) minimum wage in manufacturing and consequent unemployment. They also introduced a labor allocation mechanism under which, instead of the usual equalization of actual wages, the actual rural wage was equated with the expected urban wage; the latter was defined as the (sticky) minimum wage weighted by the rate of employment, so that, unlike in the standard rigid-wage models of trade theory, the unemployment resulting from the minimum wage is to be construed as specific to the urban sector. In the context of this model, Harris and Todaro analyze two policies: a wage subsidy policy in the manufacturing sector and a labor-mobility restriction policy. They argue that the former, as well as the latter, can be used to improve welfare, defined as a function of available goods in the usual way; but that, to attain the optimal first best solution, both policies are necessary.
Using the J1-J2 Quantum Spin Chain as an Adiabatic Quantum Data Bus
Creators: name: Chancellor, Nicholas
name: Haas, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates numerically a phenomenon which can be used to transport a single q-bit down a J1-J2 Heisenberg spin chain using a quantum adiabatic process. The motivation for investigating such processes comes from the idea that this method of transport could potentially be used as a means of sending data to various parts of a quantum computer made of artificial spins, and that this method could take advantage of the easily prepared ground state at the so called Majumdar-Ghosh point. We examine several annealing protocols for this process and find similar result for all of them. The annealing process works well up to a critical frustration threshold.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures (2 added), revisions made to add citations and additional discussion at request of referees
title: Imaging of hepatoblastoma
Creators: name: Dkhissi, Younes
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Liver
subject: Oncology
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Staging
subject: Surgery
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To analyze the radiological semiology of hepatoblastoma. To determine imaging performance in diagnosis, tumoral extension and disease...
Exchange Control, Liberalization, and Economic Development
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Krueger, Anne O.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1973
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper highlights results of the National Bureau of Economic Research's (NBER) research project on exchange control, liberalization and economic development from 1970-1973. Initial adoption of exchange controls was generally an ad hoc response to external events. The optimal resource allocation dictum--that the marginal cost of earning foreign exchange should be equated with the marginal cost of saving foreign exchange--was generally abandoned in favor of saving foreign exchange at all costs. An export-oriented development strategy generally entails relatively greater use of indirect, rather than direct, interventions. There is considerable evidence from the individual country studies that direct intervention may be considerably more costly than is generally recognized. Export rebates, tariffs, surcharges, import entitlement schemes, and a host of other devices are generally employed under quantitative restrictions regimes, and they lead to a wide dispersion in effective exchange rates by commodity categories. The effect of liberalization is often to induce a recessionary tendency rather than the traditionally feared inflationary impact. Even when there is a single domestic price for the imported good, the method of license allocation makes an important difference to resource allocation and income distribution.
title: Road the 7th nerve trods and it’s diversions
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: · To describe with imaging, the normal anatomical course of facial nerve · To describe the common pathological signs on MRI or...
Parental Smoking in the Vicinity of Children and Tobacco Control Policies in the European Region
Creators: name: Kovess, Viviane
name: Pilowsky, Daniel J.
name: Boyd, Anders
name: Pez, Ondine
name: Bitfoi, Adina
name: Carta, Mauro
name: Eke, Ceyda
name: Golitz, Dietmar
name: Kuijpers, Rowella
name: Lesinskiene, Sigita
name: Mihova, Zlatka
name: Otten, Roy
name: Susser, Ezra S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Families

description: Objective: To ascertain patterns of parental smoking in the vicinity of children in Eastern and Western Europe and their relation to Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) scores.
Methods: Data on parental smoking patterns were obtained from the School Child Mental Health Europe (SCMHE), a 2010 cross-sectional survey of 5141 school children aged 6 to 11 years and their parents in six countries: Germany, Netherlands, Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey ranked by TCS into three level categories toward tobacco control policies.
Results: A slightly higher proportion of Eastern compared to Western European mothers (42.4 vs. 35.1%) were currently smoking in but the difference was not statistically significant after adjusting for maternal age and maternal educational attainment. About a fifth (19.3%) and a tenth (10.0%) of Eastern and Western European mothers, respectively, smoked in the vicinity of their children, and the difference was significant even after adjustment for potential confounders (p less than 0.001). Parents with the highest educational attainment were significantly less likely to smoke in the vicinity of their children than those with the lowest attainment. After control of these covariates lax tobacco control policies, compared to intermediate policies, were associated with a 50% increase in the likelihood of maternal smoking in the vicinity of children adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.52 and 1.64. Among fathers, however, the relationship with paternal smoking and TCS seems more complex since strict policy increases the risk as well AOR = 1,40. Only one country, however belongs to the strict group.
Significance: Tobacco control policies seem to have influenced maternal smoking behaviors overall to a limited degree and smoking in the vicinity of children to a much greater degree. Children living in European countries with lax tobacco control policies are more likely to be exposed to second hand smoking from maternal and paternal smoking.
Cash transfers in adolescence: a developmental perspective
Creators: name: Dercon, S.
name: Pozuelo, J.R.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Blakemore, S.-J.
name: Stein, A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2020

description: Low-income and middle-income countries have increasingly relied on cash transfer programmes to expand social protection among the most poor and vulnerable people. Many of these cash transfer programmes have given cash directly to adolescents to incentivise behaviour that improve a range of health and social outcomes. The evidence for the effectiveness of these programmes has been mixed. Some studies show cash transfer to be effective in promoting desired behaviours among adolescents—such as school participation and reducing sexually transmitted infections—whereas others find no evidence for an effect. One possible reason for these mixed results is that cash transfer programmes targeting adolescents have not taken into account the many biological, cognitive, and social changes that occur during this transitional period, thus failing to incorporate a developmental perspective in the design.
Treatment as Prevention-Provider Knowledge and Counseling Lag Behind Global Campaigns
Creators: name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Gottert, A.
name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Twine, R.
name: Leslie, H.H.
name: West, R.
name: Pettifor, A.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2020

description: INTRODUCTION In 2011, the landmark HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial found that early initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) reduced viral transmission to uninfected partners by 96%. Treatment as prevention (TasP), whereby HIV transmission is prevented by consistent use of HIV treatment and durable viral suppression, has ushered in a new era in worldwide HIV prevention. The combined health benefits of averting new infections and preserving/improving health for PLHIV have translated into rapid scale-up in treatment access across the globe.
Algebraic symmetries of generic $(m+1)$ dimensional periodic Costas arrays
Creators: name: Ortiz-Ubarri, José
name: Moreno, Oscar
name: Tirkel, Andrew Z.
name: Arce-Nazario, Rafael
name: Golomb, Solomon W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we present two generators for the group of symmetries of the generic $(m+1)$ dimensional periodic Costas arrays over elementary abelian $(\mathbb{Z}_p)^m$ groups: one that is defined by multiplication on $m$ dimensions and the other by shear (addition) on $m$ dimensions. Through exhaustive search we observe that these two generators characterize the group of symmetries for the examples we were able to compute. Following the results, we conjecture that these generators characterize the group of symmetries of the generic $(m+1)$ dimensional periodic Costas arrays over elementary abelian $(\mathbb{Z}_p)^m$ groups.
Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs) Levels Do Not Predict Disease Severity or Progression in Emphysema
Creators: name: D’Armiento, Jeanine M.
name: Goldklang, Monica P.
name: Hardigan, Andrew A.
name: Geraghty, Patrick
name: Roth, Michael D.
name: Connett, John E.
name: Wise, Robert A.
name: Sciurba, Frank C.
name: Scharf, Steven M.
name: Thankachen, Jincy
name: Islam, Monirul
name: Ghio, Andrew J.
name: Foronjy, Robert F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
Pathology
Epidemiology

description: Rationale: Though matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical in the pathogenesis of COPD, their utility as a disease biomarker remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) or plasma MMP measurements correlated with disease severity or functional decline in emphysema.
Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and luminex assays measured MMP-1, -9, -12 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the BALF and plasma of non-smokers, smokers with normal lung function and moderate-to-severe emphysema subjects. In the cohort of 101 emphysema subjects correlative analyses were done to determine if MMP or TIMP-1 levels were associated with key disease parameters or change in lung function over an 18-month time period.
Main Results: Compared to non-smoking controls, MMP and TIMP-1 BALF levels were significantly elevated in the emphysema cohort. Though MMP-1 was elevated in both the normal smoker and emphysema groups, collagenase activity was only increased in the emphysema subjects. In contrast to BALF, plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were actually decreased in the emphysema cohort compared to the control groups. Both in the BALF and plasma, MMP and TIMP-1 measurements in the emphysema subjects did not correlate with important disease parameters and were not predictive of subsequent functional decline.
Conclusions: MMPs are altered in the BALF and plasma of emphysema; however, the changes in MMPs correlate poorly with parameters of disease intensity or progression. Though MMPs are pivotal in the pathogenesis of COPD, these findings suggest that measuring MMPs will have limited utility as a prognostic marker in this disease.
Multilevel Gender-Equitable Norms and Risk of HIV and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Acquisition Among Young South African Women: A Longitudinal Analysis of the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 Cohort
Creators: name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Ahern, J.
name: Neilands, T.B.
name: Wesson, P.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Twine, R.
name: Peacock, D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier USA
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa experience a disproportionately high burden of HIV acquisition. National HIV prevalence among AGYW increases nearly three-fold during the transition from late teenage years to their early twenties. We investigated whether beliefs about gender equity influence subsequent HIV acquisition among AGYW in South Africa. Methods: We used data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068, a longitudinal conditional cash transfer study of AGYW in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Gender-equitable beliefs were measured at the level of the individual and summarized among school peers and adults in the community using the Gender Equitable Men's Scale (GEMS). Generalized estimating equation regression was used to assess the association between individual, peer and community GEMS and HIV incidence, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) incidence, and other HIV risk factors while accounting for repeated observations and clustering. Results: A total of 2,533 AGYW were followed up for up to 5 years. Adjusting for potential confounders, a unit increase in peer GEMS scores (i.e. more equitable) were significantly protective against subsequent HIV acquisition (risk difference = −.019; 95% confidence interval: −.032, −.006) and subsequent HSV-2 acquisition (risk difference = −.020; 95% confidence interval: −.040, −.000). Low individual and community GEMS scores were associated with multiple HIV risk factors but not with HIV or HSV-2 incidence directly. Conclusion: School-level peer endorsement of gender equity may be protective against HIV and HSV-2 incidence among AGYW. Interventions that increase gender equity at the individual level and at the level of the social environment, particularly among school peers, have the potential for protective effects on the health of AGYW.
title: Post Laryngectomy Complications: Common contrast swallow appearances
Creators: name: Eriksen, Thomas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Fistula
subject: Dynamic swallowing studies
subject: Contrast agent-oral
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and Neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Identify common complications following laryngectomy on water soluble contrast swallow studies. 2. Gain an understanding of the operative procedure, in particular, how the neopharynx is closed. 3. Relate the operative procedure to the imaging...
New red giants in NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 using Kepler superstamps
Creators: name: Covelo-Paz, A.
name: Themeßl, N.
name: Espinoza-Rojas, F.
name: Hekker, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Stars that are members of stellar clusters are assumed to be formed at the same time and place from material with the same initial chemical composition. These additional constraints on the ensemble of cluster stars make these stars suitable as benchmarks. Aims. We aimed 1) to identify previously unknown red giants in the open clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819, 2) to extract their asteroseismic parameters, and 3) to determine their cluster membership. Methods. We followed a dedicated method based on difference imaging to extract the light curves of potential red giants in NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 from Kepler superstamp data. We extracted the asteroseismic parameters of the stars that showed solar-like oscillations. We performed an asteroseismic membership study to identify which of these stars are likely to be cluster members. Results. We found 149 red giant stars within the Kepler superstamps, 93 of which are likely cluster members. We were able to find 29 red giants that are not primary targets of Kepler, and therefore, their light curves had not been released previously. Five of these previously unknown red giants have a cluster membership probability greater than 95%.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Plasma line detected by Voyager 1 in the interstellar medium: Tips and traps for quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy
Creators: name: Meyer-Vernet, N.
name: Lecacheux, A.
name: Moncuquet, M.
name: Issautier, K.
name: Kurth, W. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-thermal motion of plasma particles produces electrostatic fluctuations, whose voltage power spectrum induced on electric antennas reveals plasma properties. In weakly magnetised plasmas, the main feature of the spectrum is a line at the plasma frequency -- proportional to the square root of the electron density -- whose global shape can reveal the electron temperature, while the fine structure reveals the suprathermal electrons. Since it is based on electrostatic waves, quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy (QTN) provides in situ measurements. This method has been successfully used for more than four decades in a large variety of heliosphere environments. Very recently, it has been tentatively applied in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) to interpret the weak line discovered on board Voyager 1 and in the context of the proposed interstellar probe mission. The present paper shows that the line is still observed in the Voyager Plasma Wave Science data, and concentrates on the main features that distinguish the plasma QTN in the VLISM from that in the heliosphere. We give several tools to interpret it in this medium and highlight the errors arising when it is interpreted without caution, as has recently been done in several publications. We show recent solar wind data, which confirm that the electric field of the QTN line in a weakly magnetised stable plasma is not aligned with the local magnetic field. We explain why the amplitude of the line does not depend on the concentration of suprathermal electrons, and why its observation with a short antenna does not require a kappa electron velocity distribution. Finally, we suggest an origin for the suprathermal electrons producing the QTN and we summarise the properties of the VLISM that could be deduced from an appropriate implementation of QTN spectroscopy on a suitably designed instrument.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, paper accepted by journal Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: Imaging of the mandible -The bone behind “the food blender and the dirty talker”
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: ·To describe the various origins of common mandibular lesions using modalities like radiographs and...
title: Bone lesions in leukemia –a pictorial review
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oncologic Imaging
subject: Haematologic
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Haematologic diseases
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1.To study the skeletal manifestation in leukemia. 2.To discuss the roles of different imaging techniques in the diagnosis of this disease and describe their imaging...
Right Ventricular Morphology and the Onset of Dyspnea: The MESA-Right Ventricle Study
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Michael R.
name: Barr, R. Graham
name: Lima, Joao A. C.
name: Praestgaard, Amy
name: Jain, Aditya
name: Tandri, Harikrishna
name: Bluemke, David A.
name: Kawut, Steven M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
Epidemiology

description: Background: The association of right ventricular (RV) structure and function with symptoms in individuals without cardiopulmonary disease is unknown. We hypothesized that greater RV mass and RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), smaller RV stroke volume (RVSV), and lower RV ejection fraction (RVEF) measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in participants free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline would be associated with a greater risk of self-reported dyspnea.
Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) performed cardiac MRIs on participants without clinical cardiovascular disease between 2000 and 2002. We excluded subjects who reported “prevalent” dyspnea at the first assessment (24 months). The presence of dyspnea was assessed at 24 months, 42 months, and 60 months from baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between RV measures and incident dyspnea.
Results: In the final study sample (N = 2763), there were significant interactions between RV measures and sex in terms of the risk of dyspnea (p less than 0.05). Among men (N = 1453), lower RV mass (p = 0.003), smaller RVEDV (p less than 0.001), smaller RV end-systolic volume (RVESV) (p = 0.03) and decreased RVSV (p less than 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of developing dyspnea after adjusting for covariates. Associations remained after adjusting for left ventricular function and lung function. However, there were no significant associations between RV measures and the risk of dyspnea in women.
Conclusions: Lower RV mass and smaller RV volumes were associated with an increased risk of dyspnea in men, but not in women.
HIV Prevention Interventions for Adolescents
Creators: name: Pettifor, A.
name: Hosek, S.
Publisher: name: Current Medicine Group LLC 1
Year: 2019

description: Purpose of Review: The goal of this paper is to review recent data on biomedical, behavioral, and structural HIV prevention interventions for adolescents and young adults. Recent Findings: While it is accepted that HIV prevention interventions must take an integrated approach to achieve maximum effectiveness, to date, there have been limited, rigorously evaluated combination prevention interventions for adolescents. There are currently a range of effective biomedical, behavioral, and structural approaches that can be integrated into prevention packages to address the prevention needs of adolescents, including oral PrEP, male circumcision, rapid HIV testing, numerous behavioral interventions, and structural interventions such as cash transfers and community mobilization to address gender-based violence. Summary: There is still a need for rigorously evaluated, innovative combination prevention packages for adolescents. Prevention approaches must take into account the context of young people’s lives and address the multiple levels of influence on their lives including parents, partners, and communities.
A Review of Existing Treatments for Substance Abuse Among the Elderly and Recommendations for Future Directions
Creators: name: Kuerbis, Alexis
name: Sacco, Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: Aging
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background: With population aging, there is widespread recognition that the healthcare system must be prepared to serve the unique needs of substance using older adults (OA) in the decades ahead. As such, there is an increasingly urgent need to identify efficient and effective substance abuse treatments (SAT) for OA. Despite this need, there remains a surprising dearth of research on treatment for OA.
Aims of review: This review describes and evaluates studies on SAT applied to and specifically designed for OA over the last 30 years with an emphasis on methodologies used and the knowledge gained.
Methods: Using three research databases, 25 studies published in the last 30 years which investigated the impact of SAT on OA and met specific selection criteria were reviewed.
Results: A majority of the studies were methodologically limited in that they were pre-to-post or post-test only studies. Of the randomized controlled trials, many were limited by sample sizes of 15 individuals or less per group, making main effects difficult to detect. Thus, with caution, the literature suggests that among treatment seeking OA, treatment, whether age-specific or mixed-age, generally works yielding rates of abstinence comparable to general populations and younger cohorts. It also appears that with greater treatment exposure (higher dosage), regardless of level of care, OA do better. Finally, based on only two studies, age-specific treatment appears to potentiate treatment effects for OA. Like younger adults, OA appear to have a heterogeneous response to treatments, and preliminary evidence suggests a possibility of treatment matching for OA.
Conclusions: Expansion of research on SAT for OA is urgently needed for maximum effectiveness and efficiency of the healthcare system serving these individuals. Future research needs to include laboratory and community based randomized controlled trials with high internal validity of previously vetted evidenced-based practices, including Motivational Interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medications such as naltrexone, to determine the best fit for OA.