cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Endovascular stroke therapy at nighttime and on weekends—as fast and effective as during normal business hours?
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Introduction—There is only limited data on the influence of the admission time (normal business hours versus nighttime and weekends) on procedural timings, revascularization efficacy, and outcome after mechanical thrombectomy. We investigated whether the admission time has an impact on the above-mentioned factors. Methods—Our neurointerventional database was screened for all mechanical thrombectomies in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke between 07/13 and 06/14. Outcome measures were procedural timings and clinical and demographic data; we compared patients who were admitted at normal business hours (Monday to Friday 8:00–18:00) to those admitted at night or at the weekend. Results—98 patients were identified. Of them, 52 (53%) were admitted during normal business hours, the remainder at night or at weekend. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the time from symptom-onset to admission, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) or IVT-rate. There was a significant difference between groups for door-to-reperfusion timing, favoring patients admitted during normal business hours (146 versus 165 min, p = 0.02). Door-to-groinpuncture and groin-puncture-to-reperfusion time did not differ significantly. The rate of successful revascularizations (mTICI ≥ 2b) and the rate of favorable clinical outcome at discharge (mRS ≤ 2) did not differ between groups (77% versus 78% and 37% versus 35%, respectively). Conclusions—There was a statistically significant prolongation of door-to-reperfusion timings for patients admitted during nighttime and weekends; it went along neither with a lower rate of successful revascularizations nor with a lower rate of favorable outcome in our series.
Additional file 2 of Structure and integration of specialty palliative care in three NCI-designated cancer centers: a mixed methods case study
Creators: name: Schifferdecker, Karen E.
name: Butcher, Rebecca L.
name: Murray, Genevra F.
name: Knutzen, Kristin E.
name: Kapadia, Nirav S.
name: Brooks, Gabriel A.
name: Wasp, Garrett T.
name: Eggly, Susan
name: Hanson, Laura C.
name: Rocque, Gabrielle B.
name: Perry, Amanda N.
name: Barnato, Amber E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
Temporal Practice Online: Navigating “Now” and “Then” in a Web-based ESL Course
Creators: name: Ganat, George L.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: New pedagogical models are emerging to attend to the needs of ESL learners who may have to communicate online in their second language. The goal-based scenario approach, as deployed in Columbia Interactive’s American Business Writing program, offers one such solution, allowing students to interact with fictional interlocutors in an online business simulation. Involvement in this learning environment forces students to experience two time frames simultaneously — the learning environment of real-time and the fictional environment of the online scenario. The overlapping of the two environments would seem to problematize the communication of temporal and spatial relations, yet effective business correspondence, where speed and clarity are essential, requires clear temporal anchoring. In this study, I investigate how learners navigate the time frames of a web-enabled learning experience and acquire pragmatic skills. Using assignments submitted in a Columbia Interactive course, I explore temporal practice in an online role-play. The data shows that students leave linguistic tracks of two time streams in their assignments, usually maintaining clear boundaries between the “here-now” of real-time and the “there-then” of scenario time, but occasionally weaving the two in inventive – and pedagogically satisfying – ways.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2002)
The Parameterized Complexity of Global Constraints
Creators: name: Bessiere, Christian
name: Hebrard, Emmanuel
name: Hnich, Brahim
name: Kiziltan, Zeynep
name: Walsh, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4

description: We argue that parameterized complexity is a useful tool with which to study global constraints. In particular, we show that many global constraints which are intractable to propagate completely have natural parameters which make them fixed-parameter tractable and which are easy to compute. This tractability tends either to be the result of a simple dynamic program or of a decomposition which has a strong backdoor of bounded size. This strong backdoor is often a cycle cutset. We also show that parameterized complexity can be used to study other aspects of constraint programming like symmetry breaking. For instance, we prove that value symmetry is fixed-parameter tractable to break in the number of symmetries. Finally, we argue that parameterized complexity can be used to derive results about the approximability of constraint propagation.
description: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
title: Market Learning After Recurrent Meat and Poultry Recalls
Creators: name: Thomas, Briana
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the cost of meat and poultry product recalls to food firms. The goal of this analysis is to formally test whether or not subsequent recalls are associated with less negative stock price returns, and whether or not there is a difference in the magnitude of returns between a first, second, and third or more recall. This is completed through an event study analysis. Results indicate that recurring recall events affecting a firm within 12 months of the first recall incident are indeed associated with less impactful negative outcomes. On average, initial recall events are associated with short-term reductions in shareholder wealth of up to $236 million, 5 days after the recall announcement, while no negative reactions are found for subsequent recall events after the initial recall announcement date.
Additional file 3 of Structure and integration of specialty palliative care in three NCI-designated cancer centers: a mixed methods case study
Creators: name: Schifferdecker, Karen E.
name: Butcher, Rebecca L.
name: Murray, Genevra F.
name: Knutzen, Kristin E.
name: Kapadia, Nirav S.
name: Brooks, Gabriel A.
name: Wasp, Garrett T.
name: Eggly, Susan
name: Hanson, Laura C.
name: Rocque, Gabrielle B.
name: Perry, Amanda N.
name: Barnato, Amber E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 3
Learning as a phenomenon occurring in a critical state
Creators: name: de Arcangelis, Lucilla
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent physiological measurements have provided clear evidence about scale-free avalanche brain activity and EEG spectra, feeding the classical enigma of how such a chaotic system can ever learn or respond in a controlled and reproducible way. Models for learning, like neural networks or perceptrons, have traditionally avoided strong fluctuations. Conversely, we propose that brain activity having features typical of systems at a critical point, represents a crucial ingredient for learning. We present here a study which provides novel insights toward the understanding of the problem. Our model is able to reproduce quantitatively the experimentally observed critical state of the brain and, at the same time, learns and remembers logical rules including the exclusive OR (XOR), which has posed difficulties to several previous attempts. We implement the model on a network with topological properties close to the functionality network in real brains. Learning occurs via plastic adaptation of synaptic strengths and exhibits universal features. We find that the learning performance and the average time required to learn are controlled by the strength of plastic adaptation, in a way independent of the specific task assigned to the system. Even complex rules can be learned provided that the plastic adaptation is sufficiently slow.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Corrective Feedback in Second Language Acquisition
Creators: name: El Tatawy, Mounira
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: Over the last few years, the role played by corrective feedback in language acquisition has become a highly controversial issue. In the field of First Language Acquisition (FLA), researchers express strong reservations concerning the effect that negative evidence has on FLA, if there is any at all. In the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), however, there appears to be a growing consensus among the majority of researchers concerning the significance of the role played by negative evidence in the process of SLA. This literature review will focus mainly on the role played by corrective feedback in SLA. While corrective feedback clearly relates to both oral and written discourse, the focus of this discussion will center on oral production, since the preponderance of research has largely focused on this aspect. In the following sections of this review, the meaning of corrective feedback will be discussed, and the different theoretical stances towards its role in SLA examined. Empirical studies that explore the impact corrective feedback has on SLA will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of some of the issues that loom large in research in the area of corrective feedback and its role in SLA.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2002)
Development of a multi-function tribometer and tribological evaluation of plasma-based coatings for application on quasi-monolithic engine cylinder bores
Creators: name: Banerjee, Siddharth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: International Environment Agency report on global fuel economy initiatives estimates that fuel-efficient vehicles have the potential to reduce net emissions by 1 Gt-CO2 equivalent per year, which is 3 % of the total global annual GHG emissions. The environmental impetus for fuel-efficient vehicles motivates the automotive industry to pursue innovations that necessitate higher engine operating pressures, reducing engine durability. Over time, aluminum alloys became the preferred material for engine manufacturers due to its lightweight properties and higher thermal conductivity. To overcome the poor tribological characteristic of aluminum, a heavy cast iron liner is press fit or cast-in as the cylinder bore. As emission norms get stringent, the auto industry focuses on further weight reduction and durable cylinder liner alternatives. An alternative strategy involves a quasi-monolithic framework that combines the advantages of a monolithic Al-Si engine block with a coating that enhances the tribological properties of the cylinder bore. Thermal spray coatings are finding more and more applications in high-production volume engines. One such industry-accepted coating is the Plasma Transfer Wire Arc (PTWA) coating. Recently, Electrolytic Jet Plasma Oxidation (EJPO) coating has emerged as an environmentally safe option that offers bi-directional coating growth, leading to more robust bonding with the substrate. This study aims to analyze the tribological characteristics of engine cylinder bore coatings and piston rings on a custom-designed linear reciprocating tribometer. The coatings deposited on the cylinder bore with the Plasma Transfer Wire Arc (PTWA) and Electrolytic Jet Plasma Oxidation (EJPO) processes were investigated in the boundary lubrication regime. Chrome-coated cast iron piston rings were tested against the samples cut from an as-cast engine block. Scanning electron microscopy and profilometry were used to compare the evolution of wear, skewness, kurtosis, porosity, and the prevalent wear mechanisms. The study also presents the verification and repeatability analysis of the custom-built tribometer for advanced wear testing applications. The results showed that the EJPO coating provides better run-in and steady-state wear resistance than its PTWA counterpart. The tribological evaluation of actual engine cylinder bore specimens in practical loading conditions constitutes a link between simplified component testing and expensive full-scale bench tests.
Tropidonotus natrix var. picturata . Jan.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ophidia
Romaleidae
Tropidonotus
Tropidonotus natrix
Tropidonotus natrix var. picturata. jan.

description: Tropidonotus natrix var. picturata. Jan.
Lützelau v. H. Degen. [1]
Das erstgenannte Stück (hellgraubraun, mit obsoletem collare und spärlichen schwarzen Seitenﬂeckchen, Unterseite in der Vorderhälfte vorwiegend weiss, in der Hinter-hälfte vorwiegend schwarz) zeigt folgende Abnormität der Pholidose: rechts 1 postoculare, links 2; rechts 7 supralabialia (3, 4, 5 ans Auge), links 8 (4, 5, 6 ans Ange). — Beide äussersten Schuppenreihen vollständig ungekielt.
Die var. pictnrata Jan scheint am Vierwaldstättersee die vorherrschende Form der Ringelnatter zu sein; alle 4 Stücke, die mir vou dort zu Gesicht gekommen sind, gehören ihr an. (Vergl. Katalog Basler M.)
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 681, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Task-induced Content-familiarity, Task-driven Attention to Form, and Learner Uptake of Recasts: A Preliminary Inquiry
Creators: name: Révész, Andrea
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: Recent SLA research has found that recasts on morphosyntactic features are more effective in form-focused classrooms than in meaning-based classrooms. Based on this understanding, it is hypothesized that there is a positive correlation between the effectiveness of recasts on morphosyntactic features and the amount of attention learners pay to form. This paper reports on a preliminary study that tests this hypothesis through administering a sequence of communicative tasks, designed to promote different degrees of attention to form and meaning. The tasks differed as to (a) the extent of learners’ familiarity with task content and (b) the intrinsic capacity of the task to draw attention to form. The study observed both learners’ uptake and perception of recasts through the tasks. The data collected consisted of transcripts of the participants’ task-based interactions and stimulated recall sessions. The results show that both the amount of uptake after recasts and the accurate perception of recasts are positively correlated with the amount of attention learners devote to form during task-based interaction. The preliminary study, therefore, suggests that learners’ familiarity with task content along with the intrinsic capacity of a task to promote attention to form can increase the effectiveness of form-focused recasts.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2002)
A Unified Quantum NOT Gate
Creators: name: Yu, Z. W.
name: Ni, X. T.
name: Kwek, L. C.
name: Wang, X. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the feasibility of implementing a quantum NOT gate (approximate) when the quantum state lies between two latitudes on the Bloch's sphere and present an analytical formula for the optimized 1-to-$M$ quantum NOT gate. Our result generalizes previous results concerning quantum NOT gate for a quantum state distributed uniformly on the whole Bloch sphere as well as the phase covariant quantum state. We have also shown that such 1-to-$M$ optimized NOT gate can be implemented using a sequential generation scheme via matrix product states (MPS).
title: The Practical Solutions and Computer Program of Two Statistical Problems in Simulation
Creators: name: Fong, Yee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: In the last several years monte-carlo simulation has become a major tool for the analysis of complex queuing systems which are no readily amenable to analysis by conventional mathematical methods. By a complex queueing system is mean a system composed of, physically or by analogy, a network of stations or servers with traffic units moving through all or some of the servers, into the system and out or around within the system. A traffic unit desiring service by a server may either have to enter a queue first or may be served immediately. Such systems have been simulated often with the main purpose of obtaining run estimates of the true or population means of certain variables whose probability density functions are not known. Two major problems are encountered when one desires to assure the statistical validity of these estimates. The first problem is the estimation of the time which takes the system to reach steady-state or equilibrium conditions. This time we refer to as the transient period. The second problem is that of calculating the required length of run for a desired accuracy of the estimates of the means of the variables of interest.
Commentaries on George Lakoff’s “Metaphors of Terror”
Creators: name: Board, Editorial
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: The web journal occasionally publishes brief commentaries on issues that are of interest to the TESOL/AL community. In this issue, we asked contributors to comment on George Lakoff’s article Metaphors of Terror which first appeared in the on-line magazine In These Times.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
Time and Spacetime: The Crystallizing Block Universe
Creators: name: Ellis, George F. R.
name: Rothman, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the future is completely different from the nature of the past. When quantum effects are significant, the future shows all the signs of quantum weirdness, including duality, uncertainty, and entanglement. With the passage of time, after the time-irreversible process of state-vector reduction has taken place, the past emerges, with the previous quantum uncertainty replaced by the classical certainty of definite particle identities and states. The present time is where this transition largely takes place, but the process does not take place uniformly: Evidence from delayed choice and related experiments shows that isolated patches of quantum indeterminacy remain, and that their transition from probability to certainty only takes place later. Thus, when quantum effects are significant, the picture of a classical Evolving Block Universe (`EBU') cedes place to one of a Crystallizing Block Universe (`CBU'), which reflects this quantum transition from indeterminacy to certainty, while nevertheless resembling the EBU on large enough scales.
description: 25 Pages. 3 figures
Metaphors We Die By: George Lakoff’s “Metaphors Of Terror”
Creators: name: Horowitz, Franklin E.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: George Lakoff’s response to September 11, “Metaphors of Terror,” first appeared in the on-line magazine In These Times of October 29, 2001. In it he introduces himself as a “metaphor analyst”; yet his metaphor analysis has only minimal bearing on his primary objective, which is to influence policy. He expresses legitimate concerns over the Bush administration’s almost exclusive focus on military action rather than on addressing the “culture of despair that leaves people vulnerable to the idea of martyrdom,” and over its lack of compunction about curtailing individual liberties. On the other hand, he tends to be cavalier about the immediate external dangers that September 11 made apparent. For instance, he points out that “most security experts say that there is no sure way to keep terrorists out,” as though this were an all-or-nothing proposition.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82
Creators: name: Watkins, L. L.
name: Evans, N. W.
name: Belokurov, V.
name: Smith, M. C.
name: Hewett, P. C.
name: Bramich, D. M.
name: Gilmore, G. F.
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Vidrih, S.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Zucker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the substructure revealed by 407 RR Lyraes in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82. Period estimates are determined to high accuracy using a string-length method. A subset of 178 RR Lyraes with spectrally derived metallicities are employed to derive metallicity-period-amplitude relations, which are then used to find metallicities and distances for the entire sample. The RR Lyraes lie between 5 and 115 kpc from the Galactic center. They are divided into subsets of 316 RRab types and 91 RRc types based on their period, colour and metallicity. The density distribution is not smooth, but dominated by clumps and substructure. Samples of 55 and 237 RR Lyraes associated with the Sagittarius Stream and the Hercules-Aquila Cloud respectively are identified. Hence, ~ 70 % of the RR Lyraes in Stripe 82 belong to known substructure. There is a sharp break in the density distribution at Galactocentric radii of 40 kpc, reflecting the fact that the dominant substructure in Stripe 82 - the Hercules-Aquila Cloud and the Sagittarius Stream - lies within 40 kpc. In fact, almost 60 % of all the RR Lyraes in Stripe 82 are associated with the Hercules-Aquila Cloud alone, which emphasises its pre-eminence. Additionally, evidence of a new and distant substructure - the Pisces Overdensity - is found, consisting of 28 faint RR Lyraes centered on Galactic coordinates (80 deg, -55 deg) and with distances of ~ 80 kpc. The total stellar mass in the Pisces Overdensity is ~10000 solar masses and its metallicity is [Fe/H] ~ -1.5.
description: 15 pages, submitted to MNRAS
Metaphor of Terrorism
Creators: name: Ganat, George L.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: The visual parallel between the planes piercing the World Trade Center Towers and bullets piercing a human head may have inspired “metaphoric horror,” but, as in all of George Lakoff’s “Metaphors of Terror,” this narrative effectively screens out the brutal reality of September 11th: human beings were trapped in those “bullets” and “heads.”
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
title: Enhancing Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Activity on Substrates with 3′ Terminal Structures for Enzymatic De Novo DNA Synthesis
Creators: name: Barthel, Sebastian
name: Palluk, Sebastian
name: Hillson, Nathan J.
name: Keasling, Jay D.
name: Arlow, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: Enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis methods based on the template-independent polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) promise to enable the de novo synthesis of long oligonucleotides under mild, aqueous conditions. Intermediates with a 30 terminal structure (hairpins) will inevitably arise during synthesis, but TdT has poor activity on these structured substrates, limiting its usefulness for oligonucleotide synthesis. Here, we described two parallel efforts to improve the activity of TdT on hairpins: (1) optimization of the concentrations of the divalent cation cofactors and (2) engineering TdT for enhanced thermostability, enabling reactions at elevated temperatures. By combining both of these improvements, we obtained a ~10-fold increase in the elongation rate of a guanine-cytosine hairpin.
A Commentary on George Lakoff’s “Metaphors of Terror”
Creators: name: Frantz, Roger S.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: The linguist Norman Fairclough (1992) argued that, in recent years, there has been a significant shift in the social functioning of language, a shift reflected in the salience of language in the major social changes which have been taking place over the last few decades. Many of these social changes do not just involve language, but are constituted to a significant extent by changes in language practices; and it is perhaps one indication of the growing importance of language in social and cultural change that attempts to engineer the direction of change increasingly include attempts to change language practices (p. 6). In short, language use and social change have become more intertwined and mutually constitutive in today’s world. This phenomenon presents linguists with an opportunity and a challenge. The opportunity is to bring an analytic understanding of language use to the public. The challenge lies both in the fact that linguists are not accustomed to communicating their understanding of language in a non-academic manner and the fact that the public is not naturally accustomed to thinking analytically and critically about language use.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
title: Infinite Abelian Groups
Creators: name: Pascual, Joaquin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: When the theory of groups was first introduced, the attention was on finite groups. Now, the infinite abelian groups have some into their own. the results obtained in infinite abelian groups are very interesting and penetrating in other branches of Mathematics. For example, every theorem that is stated in this paper may be generalized for modules over principal ideal domains and applied to the study of linear transformations.
This paper presents the most important results in infinite abelian groups following the exposition given by J. Rotman in his book, Theory of Groups: An Introduction. Also, some of the exercises given by J. Rotman are presented in this paper. In order to facilitate our study, two classifications of infinite abelian groups are used. The first reduces the study of abelian groups to the study of torsion groups, torsion-free groups and an extension problem. The second classification reduces to the study of divisible and reduced groups. Following this is a study of free abelian groups that are, in a certain sense, dual to the divisible groups; the basis and fundamental theorems of finitely generated abelian groups are proved. Finally, torsion groups and torsion-free groups of rank 1 are studied.
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with elementary group theory and finite abelian groups. Zorn's lemma is applied several times as well as some results of vector spaces.
Additional file 1 of Patients’ and volunteer coaches’ experiences with an informal social network intervention in forensic psychiatric care: a qualitative analysis
Creators: name: Swinkels, Lise T. A.
name: de Koning, Mariken B.
name: van der Pol, Thimo M.
name: Dekker, Jack J. M.
name: ter Harmsel, Janna F.
name: Popma, Arne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1: Overview of themes and subthemes with additional illustrative quotations
Atomic and electronic structure of monolayer graphene on 6H-SiC(000-1)(3 x 3) : a scanning tunneling microscopy study
Creators: name: Hiebel, F.
name: Mallet, P.
name: Magaud, L.
name: Veuillen, J. -Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of the atomic and electronic structure of graphene monolayer islands on the 6H-SiC(000-1)(3x3) (SiC(3x3)) surface reconstruction using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). The orientation of the graphene lattice changes from one island to the other. In the STM images, this rotational disorder gives rise to various superlattices with periods in the nm range. We show that those superlattices are moiré patterns (MPs) and we correlate their apparent height with the stacking at the graphene/SiC(3x3) interface. The contrast of the MP in STM images corresponds to a small topographic modulation of the graphene layer. From STS measurements we find that the substrate surface presents a 1,5 eV wide bandgap encompassing the Fermi level. This substrate surface bandgap subsists below the graphene plane. The tunneling spectra are spatially homogeneous on the islands within the substrate surface gap, which shows that the MPs do not impact the low energy electronic structure of graphene. We conclude that the SiC(3 x 3) reconstruction efficiently passivates the substrate surface and that the properties of the graphene layer which grows on top of it should be similar to those of the ideal material.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, To be published in Phys. Rev. B
Video Listening Tests: A Pilot Study
Creators: name: Wagner, Elvis
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: Listening has long been the neglected skill in second language acquisition research, teaching, and assessment. However, in recent years there has been an increased focus on L2 listening ability because of its perceived importance in language acquisition. The present study explored the listening process when the aural input was delivered through the use of video. Video texts were used because video allows listeners to perceive and process nonverbal information. A model of L2 listening ability was hypothesized and operationalized, and an assessment instrument was created. This video listening test was administered to 85 ESL students. The data from this test were then analyzed using reliability analyses and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results seem to provide some evidence for the validation of a two-factor model of listening based on the ability to comprehend explicitly stated information, and the ability to comprehend implicit information in aural texts.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
title: Los Betabeleros: Hispanic Sugar Beet Laborers in Cache Valley, 1941-1981
Creators: name: Cole, Rosermary Washburn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2002

description: In the late 1840s and early 1850s, the United States annexed over 800,000 square miles of formerly Mexican land. Boundary changes initiated by war and lucre thrust many Mexican people into the United States of America. The new political demarcation appeared artificial; Mexicans and Mexican Americans continued to travel to and from the new American southwest as they always had.
Migration to the United States from Mexico mushroomed after 1910, when a tumultuous revolution and poor economic conditions in Mexico encouraged Hispanics to look to the U.S. for jobs and stability. Mining industries, railroad companies, and farms in the United States demanded large numbers of unskilled and semi-skilled workers, and Hispanics proved a readily available labor source. Over time, Mexicans and Chicanos clustered in low paying, low-prestige jobs where they composed a large but obscure segment of the United States population.
Cache Valley, which stretched from northern Utah into southeastern Idaho, served as an example of a region where Hispanics played a vital economic role. Area farmers relied on sugar beets as an important cash crop, but successful beet cultivation required periods of such intense drudgery that farmers had to find wage-laborers to expedite the work. Farmers and sugar companies actively recruited Mexicans and Chicanos, and the region drew many migrants.
Cache Valley's Anglo communities depended on Hispanic farm labor, but migrants remained disconnected from the dominant Anglo population in important ways. Differences in class, race, and culture segregated the two groups and rendered the migrants largely invisible to many of Cache Valley's Anglo residents.
Recorded history demonstrated the workers' shrouded status. In spite of the longterm presence of Hispanic laborers in Cache Valley, written local histories dealt almost exclusively with the region's white citizenry. The rise to prominence of Chicano studies as a historical field underscored a pronounced need for research into the lives of Cache Valley's Hispanic population.
Additional file 1 of Scaling-up problem management plus for refugees in Switzerland - a qualitative study
Creators: name: Spaaij, Julia
name: Fuhr, Daniela C.
name: Akhtar, Aemal
name: Casanova, Luisa
name: Klein, Tobias
name: Schick, Matthis
name: Weilenmann, Sonja
name: Roberts, Bayard
name: Morina, Naser
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Self-Similar Bridge between Regular and Critical Regions
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In statistical and nonlinear systems, two qualitatively distinct parameter regions are typically identified: the regular region, characterized by smooth behavior of key quantities, and the critical region, where these quantities exhibit singularities or strong fluctuations. Due to their starkly different properties, these regions are often perceived as being weakly related, if at all. However, we demonstrate that these regions are intimately connected, a relationship that can be explicitly revealed using self-similar approximation theory. This framework enables the prediction of observable quantities near the critical point based on information from the regular region and vice versa. Remarkably, the method relies solely on asymptotic expansions with respect to a parameter, regardless of whether the expansion originates in the regular or critical region. The mathematical principles of self-similar theory remain consistent across both cases. We illustrate this connection by extrapolating from the regular region to predict the existence, location, and critical indices of a critical point of an equation of state for a statistical system, even when no direct information about the critical region is available. Conversely, we explore extrapolation from the critical to the regular region in systems with discrete scale invariance, where log-periodic oscillations in observables introduce additional complexity. Our findings provide insights and solutions applicable to diverse phenomena, including material fracture, stock market crashes, and earthquake forecasting.
description: Latex file, 32 pages, 12 figures
Issues in the Definition and Conceptualization of Politeness
Creators: name: Dimitrova-Galaczi, Evelina
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: This paper deals with the definition and conceptualization of politeness by focusing mainly on the Brown and Levinson (1987) framework of politeness. It addresses the interrelationship between politeness as a strategic device and as a form of social indexing, and overviews the notion of face as a universal underlying motivation behind politeness. The paper discusses the lack of a uniform definition of politeness due to the constant tension between its universality and language specificity, and argues that some of the theoretical debate could be resolved if the distinction between politeness as a commonsense notion and politeness as a theoretical construct were clearly addressed and acknowledged in the research.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
Cold fronts in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Ghizzardi, Simona
name: Rossetti, Mariachiara
name: Molendi, Silvano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold fronts have been observed in a large number of galaxy clusters. Understanding their nature and origin is of primary importance for the investigation of the internal dynamics of clusters. To gain insight on the nature of these features, we carry out a statistical investigation of their occurrence in a sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton and we correlate their presence with different cluster properties. We have selected a sample of 45 clusters starting from the B55 flux limited sample by Edge et al. (1990) and performed a systematic search of cold fronts. We find that a large fraction of clusters host at least one cold front. Cold fronts are easily detected in all systems that are manifestly undergoing a merger event in the plane of the sky while the presence of such features in the remaining clusters is related to the presence of a steep entropy gradient, in agreement with theoretical expectations. Assuming that cold fronts in cool core clusters are triggered by minor merger events, we estimate a minimum of 1/3 merging events per halo per Gyr.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Version with full resolution figures available at: http://www.iasf-milano.inaf.it/~simona/pub/coldfronts/ghizzardi.pdf
On Three Potential Sources of Comprehensible Input for Second Language Acquisition
Creators: name: Park, Eun Sung
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: Three potential sources of comprehensible input for second language acquisition are examined: Modified Input, Interactionally Modified Input and Modified Output. To this end, an attempt is made to closely investigate how each type of linguistic environment facilitates learner comprehension, and subsequently, acquisition. Different theoretical claims as well as a number of empirical studies are discussed in order to explore the link between different sources of input and language development. The paper concludes with a critical discussion of how the perceived comprehension actually leads to the acquisition of the features of the target language, and with suggestions for future research in this area.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
On New York’s Assessment Policy: A Perspective from the Field
Creators: name: Dwyer, Margaret
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2002

description: Starting in the early 1990’s, New York State began to establish learning standards that defined what students at various grade levels should know and be able to do in most curricular areas and a series of state assessments designed to measure student progress towards the performances demanded by the standards. Experience with these assessments has provided for practitioners (that is, teachers, administrators, and other professional-level public school workers) the basis and motivation for a critical field perspective on state assessment policy. By a critical field perspective, I mean a perspective taken by practitioners (as opposed to specialists in testing) that is grounded in analysis that is committed as much to equity as it is to excellence in public education. The purpose of this article is to outline such a position on the state assessments. I begin by describing the assessments as they are commonly experienced by practitioners, identifying the political context in which our state assessment policy has developed, and questioning the fundamental nature of the policy itself. I then suggest actions for practitioners to take to challenge problematic aspects of the state policy and to promote policy that enhances both equity and excellence.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2002)
title: Torus Knots
Creators: name: Bradley, David S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: We have compiled here many interesting results concerning a particular collection of knots called torus knots. Torus knots are merely simple closed curves imbedded in an unknotted torus T2 in E3. We show that the fundamental groups of T2, π(T2), is the direct product of the additive group of integers with itself. The ordered pair (p, q) in Z x Z determines an equivalence class of loops on the torus, and we show in Section II that the class [(p, q)] contains a loop whose image is a simple closed curve if and only if p and q are relatively prime. A torus knot in the loop class [(p, q)] is denoted Kp, q. It is natural to ask which of the knots Kp, q are equivalently imbedded in E3.
One means of answering this question is to observe the algebraic structures of the corresponding know groups π(E3 - Kp, q) and π(E3 - Kr,s) are not isomorphic, then it follows that E3 - Kp,q and E3 - Kr,s are not homeomorphic; consequently Kp,q and Kr,s are not equivalent knots. The definition and general properties of the fundamental group of a topological space are discussed in Section I of this report. In Section IV the fundamental group of E3 - Kp,q is shown to have the group presentation {a,b I ap = bq}. We will show that these groups are determined by the integers p and q, from which it follows that there are infinitely many non-equivalent torus knots.
Illustrations are use extensively to aid the reader, and an entire section is devoted to the development of an algorithm for picturing torus knots. This algorithm, Section III, provides us with an intuitive feeling for the significance of p and q in determining Kp,q. Finally, in Section V, a second knot type invariant, called the genus of the knot, is developed. The genus of a knot is a nonnegative integer assigned to the knot in a particular way. We will show that there exist torus knots of arbitrary genus and construct an infinite collection of knots, all having genus 1, none of which is a torus knot.
The material in this report comes from many sources. In many cases the proofs and illustrations were created by the author. We do not know of any similar compilation of facts relating to a specific class of knots and we hope that this report might be of use to other students of knot theory.
title: Nonparametric Test of Fit
Creators: name: Nawabi, Frena
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Most statistical methods require assumptions about the populations from which samples are taken. Usually these methods measure the parameters, such as variance, standard deviations, means, etc., of the respective populations. One example is the assumption that a given population can be approximated closely with a normal curve. Since these assumptions are not always valid, statisticians have developed several alternate techniques known as nonparametric tests. The models of such tests do not specify conditions about population parameters.
Certain assumptions, such as (1) observations are independent and (2) the variable being studied has underlying continuity, are associated with most nonparametric tests. However, these assumptions are weaker and less in number than those commonly associated with parametric tests.
title: Cystitis cystica et glandularis secondary to frequent urinary tract infections
Creators: name: Maduro, Luís
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Uroradiology & genital male imaging
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: CT
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 16-year-old adolescent was referred to our institution due to recurrent urinary tract infections, difficulty starting urination, and sensation of incomplete bladder emptying for the past year. The patient had a history of malaria and frequent urinary tract infections (about 3 episodes per year).

description: 16 years, male
title: Solutions of the Problem of Finding Confidence Intervals for the Two Normal Population with Unequal Variances
Creators: name: Liu, Ing-Haur
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Comparison of the means of two normal populations is a simpler problem when the variance (if unknown) are assumed to be equal than it is when they are not equal. The main concern of this report is the latter case also called the Behrens [4] - Fisher [5] problem.
In this report the solutions proposed by Behrens-Fisher, Scheffe [10], Welch [12], Banerjee [3] and Hajek [8], will be described and compared. To this problem Scheffe proposed a solution which has the advantage that no special table is necessary for its use, since the variate has an exact "Student's t" distribution. It may therefore be used for large sample sizes, but Welch's method will presumably give shorter intervals for very small sample sizes, where the loss of efficiency of Scheffe's statistic is greatest [9].
A Monte Carlo study was undertaken to compare these methods for large and small sample sizes. The results are reported in the Conclusion.
The main objective of this report is to present the efficient solutions to the reader who is familiar with statistical methods but not with theories.
title: Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
Creators: name: Shih, Yaw-Tarng
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: In balanced incomplete block designs, each pair of treatments is compared with equal precision, and each treatment is paired with every other treatment an equal number of times with in a common block; A is a constant for all treatments. There is one associate class for each treatment in balanced incomplete block designs. These are the most important balanced incomplete block designs, but the need sometimes arises for others; either because no suitable balanced incomplete block design exists, or because, for example, it is necessary to make some comparisons more precisely than others. We can see balanced incomplete block designs form that special case of partially balanced designs in which there is one associate class for each treatment. In this paper, the author will discuss the partially balanced incomplete block design with two associate classes.
Additional file 2 of Scaling-up problem management plus for refugees in Switzerland - a qualitative study
Creators: name: Spaaij, Julia
name: Fuhr, Daniela C.
name: Akhtar, Aemal
name: Casanova, Luisa
name: Klein, Tobias
name: Schick, Matthis
name: Weilenmann, Sonja
name: Roberts, Bayard
name: Morina, Naser
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2