cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metallicity Effects on Dust Properties in Starbursting Galaxies
Creators: name: Engelbracht, C. W.
name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Gordon, K. D.
name: Smith, J. -D. T.
name: Werner, M. W.
name: Moustakas, J.
name: Willmer, C. N. A.
name: Vanzi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared observations of 66 starburst galaxies over a wide range of oxygen abundances, to measure how metallicity affects their dust properties. The data include imaging and spectroscopy from the Spitzer Space Telescope, supplemented by groundbased near-infrared imaging. We confirm a strong correlation of aromatic emission with metallicity, with a threshold at a metallicity [12+log(O/H)]~8. The large scatter in both the metallicity and radiation hardness dependence of this behavior implies that it is not due to a single effect, but to some combination. We show that the far-infrared color temperature of the large dust grains increases towards lower metallicity, peaking at a metallicity of 8 before turning over. We compute dust masses and compare them to HI masses from the literature to derive the gas to dust ratio, which increases by nearly 3 orders of magnitude between solar metallicity and a metallicity of 8, below which it flattens out. The abrupt change in aromatic emission at mid-infrared wavelengths thus appears to be reflected in the far-infrared properties, indicating that metallicity changes affect the composition of the full range of dust grain sizes that dominate the infrared emission. In addition, we find that the ratio L(8 micron)/L(TIR), important for calibrating 24 micron measurements of high redshift galaxies, increases slightly as the metallicity decreases from ~solar to ~50% of solar, and then decreases by an order of magnitude with further decreases in metallicity. Although the great majority of galaxies show similar patterns of behavior as described above, there are three exceptions, SBS 0335-052E, Haro 11, and SHOC 391. Their infrared SEDs are dominated energetically by the mid-IR near 24 micron rather than by the 60 - 200 micron region. (Abridged)
description: 34 pages, 11 figures, accepted to ApJ
A new triterpene saponin and known compounds from the polar extract of Salvia argentea L. and evaluation of their antioxidant activity
Creators: name: Lakhal, Hichem
name: Kabouche, Ahmed
name: Kabouche, Zahia
name: Bechkri, Sara
name: AlabdulMagid, Abdulmagid
name: Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence
name: Harakat, Dominique
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A new triterpene saponin, 2, 3, 21, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-acid-28-O-β-D- glucosyl-(2’’→1’)-β-D-glucoside (1), was isolated from the n-butanol extract of dried aerial parts of Salvia argentea L. (Lamiaceae) in addition to two known flavonoids, apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (2), threo-guaiacylglycerol 3-O-[6-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl]-β-D-glucoside (3), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (4), verbascoside (5) and rosmarinic acid (6). The structure elucidation of these compounds was based on analyses of spectroscopic data including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques and by comparing their NMR data with those reported in the literature. Compound 6 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (IC50<3.00 µg/mL) which was better than the standards BHA, BHT, Trolox and ascorbic acid.
title:  Vinicio Busacchi, Giuseppe Martini, L’identità in questione. Saggio di psicoanalisi ed ermeneutica
Creators: name: Recupero  ,  Angela Monica
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2021

description: B@belonline vol. 8 Paul Ricœur: Narrative Identity Between Hermeneutics and Psychoanalysis/Paul Ricœur: L’identità narrativa tra ermeneutica e psicoanalisi
title: Archaeology and the New Metaphysical Dogmas: Comments on Ontologies and Reality
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Artur
Publisher: name: datalino
Year: 2019

description: One of the most popular approaches in archaeological theory today is the New Materialisms. Unlike previous trends, such as processual and postprocessual archaeology, which established themselves as empirically based and to some extent accurate representations of the past, the New Materialisms have put forward arguments in the form of ontology, that is to say, as accurate representations of “reality” in itself. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that metaphysical speculation and the discussion of ontology holds little value for archaeology, since this type of research does not concern the empirical record on which archaeological explanations tend to be based. Furthermore, the problem with metaphysics is that it upholds dogmas concerning what counts as “true ontology” or “reality”. The paper ends with the suggestion that an ontology, in the philosophical sense, is not actually necessary in archaeology and that “reality” and “real” should be understood in their more conventional sense.
description: Der momentan aktuellste Trend in der Archäologie ist der „Neue Materialismus“. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Strömungen, wie die Prozessuale und Postprozessuale Archäologie, die sich als wissenschaftliche und zum gewissen Teil auch als genaue Repräsentation der Vergangenheit sehen, betrachtet sich dieser Trend als ontologischer und damit als wahrheitsgetreue Repräsentation der Realität selbst. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es aufzuzeigen, dass metaphysische Spekulationen und ontologische Diskussionen kaum etwas für die Archäologie beitragen können, weil sie keine empirischen Daten berücksichtigen, auf denen archäologische Erklärungsmodelle meistens fußen. Außerdem ist das Aufrechthalten von Dogmata der „wahren Ontologie“ oder „Realität“ in der Metaphysik problematisch. Der Beitrag endet mit dem Vorschlag, dass eine Ontologie im philosophischen Sinne in der Archäologie eigentlich nicht erforderlich ist und dass „Realität“ und „real“ eher im konventionellen Sinne verstanden werden sollten.
description: Forum Kritische Archäologie
Thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography for investigation of antibacterial activities of Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd. essential oil
Creators: name: Ma, Li
name: Xu, Jiayi
name: Wang, Wencui
name: Lu, Jing
name: Li, Yuhong
name: Yao, Lei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The aim of the study was to characterise the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from a Chinese traditional aromatic herb, Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd and investigate its antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, the test bacterium, using thin-layer chromatography-direct bioautography (TLC-DB). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the essential oil was dominated by chamazulene (44.44%). Undeveloped TLC-DB enabled the measurement of zone of inhibition as valid as and more sensitive than the traditional agar diffusion method. The overall antimicrobial effect was weak at the tested concentration range and the antimicrobial strength did not exhibit concentration dependence. At high essential oil concentration (>1000μg/ml), size of zone of inhibition was all <7mm. Developed TLC-DB separated the components and visualised the inhibition of bacterial growth on the plate surface where the active antimicrobials were determined to be the minor components, hydroxylated terpenes, rather than the dominant component, chamazulene.
Scaling Theory of the Peierls-CDW in Metal Nanowires
Creators: name: Urban, D. F.
name: Stafford, C. A.
name: Grabert, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Peierls instability in multi-channel metal nanowires is investigated. Hyperscaling relations are established for the finite-size-, temperature-, and wavevector-scaling of the electronic free energy. It is shown that the softening of surface modes at wavevector $q=2k_{F,ν}$ leads to critical fluctuations of the wire's radius at zero temperature, where $k_{F,ν}$ is the Fermi wavevector of the highest occupied channel. This Peierls charge density wave emerges as the system size becomes comparable to the channel correlation length. Although the Peierls instability is weak in metal nanowires, in the sense that the correlation length is exponentially long, we predict that nanowires fabricated by current techniques can be driven into the charge-density-wave regime under strain.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Dimensional reduction of higher-point conformal blocks
Creators: name: Hoback, Sarah
name: Parikh, Sarthak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, with the help of Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetry an intriguing relation was found expressing the four-point scalar conformal block of a (d-2)-dimensional CFT in terms of a five-term linear combination of blocks of a d-dimensional CFT, with constant coefficients. We extend this dimensional reduction relation to all higher-point scalar conformal blocks of arbitrary topology restricted to scalar exchanges. We show that the constant coefficients appearing in the finite term higher-point dimensional reduction obey an interesting factorization property allowing them to be determined in terms of certain graphical Feynman-like rules and the associated finite set of vertex and edge factors. Notably, these rules can be fully determined by considering the explicit power-series representation of just three particular conformal blocks: the four-point block, the five-point block and the six-point block of the so-called OPE/snowflake topology. In principle, this method can be applied to obtain the arbitrary-point dimensional reduction of conformal blocks with spinning exchanges as well. We also show how to systematically extend the dimensional reduction relation of conformal partial waves to higher-points.
description: 29 pages + appendices, several figures
Quasar X-ray jets: Gamma-ray diagnostics of the synchrotron and inverse Compton hypotheses, the case of 3C 273
Creators: name: Georganopoulos, Markos
name: Perlman, Eric S.
name: Kazanas, Demosthenes
name: McEnery, Julie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process responsible for the Chandra-detected X-ray emission from the large scale jets of powerful quasars is a matter of ongoing debate. The two main contenders are external Compton (EC) scattering off the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons (EC/CMB) and synchrotron emission from a population of electrons separate from those producing the radio - IR emission. So far, no clear diagnostics have been presented to distinguish which of the two, if any, is the actual X-ray emission mechanism. Here we present such diagnostics based on a fundamental difference between these two models: the production of synchrotron X-rays requires multi - TeV electrons, while the EC/CMB model requires a cutoff in the electron energy distribution (EED) below TeV energies. This has significant implications for the gamma-ray emission predicted by these two models, that can be tested through GeV and TeV observations of the nearby bright quasar 3C 273. We show how existing and future GeV and TeV observations can confirm or refute one or both of the above hypotheses.
description: ApJ Letters, in press
A Computational Approach to Historical Ontologies
Creators: name: Kelly, Mat
name: Greenberg, Jane
name: Rauch, Christopher B.
name: Grabus, Sam
name: Boone, Joan P.
name: Kunze, John A.
name: Logan, Peter Melville
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.7

description: This paper presents a use case exploring the application of the Archival Resource Key (ARK) persistent identifier for promoting and maintaining ontologies. In particular, we look at improving computation with an in-house ontology server in the context of temporally aligned vocabularies. This effort demonstrates the utility of ARKs in preparing historical ontologies for computational archival science.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. To be published in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE Big Data 2020)
Protective effect of scorpion venom oligopeptides in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under benzo(α)pyrene exposure
Creators: name: Chen, Wei
name: Chen, Ruimin
name: Zheng, Man
name: Li, Daixu
name: Lu, Lin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal role in the process of atherosclerosis. Scorpion venom is widely used as anti-cancer agent, however, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of scorpion venom peptides (SVPs) are rarely explored. In the current study, seven novel SVPs were isolated in a protective activity tracking isolation method in a cell model of benzo(α)pyrene (BaP)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The current study showed that SVP-1 [Tyr-Thr-Trp-Glu-Ala] significantly attenuated BaP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and PGE2) over-expression. Furthermore, SVP-1 attenuated BaP-induced adhesion molecules over-expression and inhibited the NF-κB and AhR signalling pathways activation. Collectively, the present study, for the first time, shows that SVPs inhibit the NF-κB and AhR signalling pathways in HUVECs under BaP-exposure, which strongly suggests the therapeutic potential of SVPs against atherosclerosis.
Gigapixel Histopathological Image Analysis using Attention-based Neural Networks
Creators: name: Brancati, Nadia
name: De Pietro, Giuseppe
name: Riccio, Daniel
name: Frucci, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although CNNs are widely considered as the state-of-the-art models in various applications of image analysis, one of the main challenges still open is the training of a CNN on high resolution images. Different strategies have been proposed involving either a rescaling of the image or an individual processing of parts of the image. Such strategies cannot be applied to images, such as gigapixel histopathological images, for which a high reduction in resolution inherently effects a loss of discriminative information, and in respect of which the analysis of single parts of the image suffers from a lack of global information or implies a high workload in terms of annotating the training images in such a way as to select significant parts. We propose a method for the analysis of gigapixel histopathological images solely by using weak image-level labels. In particular, two analysis tasks are taken into account: a binary classification and a prediction of the tumor proliferation score. Our method is based on a CNN structure consisting of a compressing path and a learning path. In the compressing path, the gigapixel image is packed into a grid-based feature map by using a residual network devoted to the feature extraction of each patch into which the image has been divided. In the learning path, attention modules are applied to the grid-based feature map, taking into account spatial correlations of neighboring patch features to find regions of interest, which are then used for the final whole slide analysis. Our method integrates both global and local information, is flexible with regard to the size of the input images and only requires weak image-level labels. Comparisons with different methods of the state-of-the-art on two well known datasets, Camelyon16 and TUPAC16, have been made to confirm the validity of the proposed model.
description: The manuscript was submitted to a peer-review journal on January 27th
Stellungnahme des Rates der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (EKD) zur Antwort aus Rom auf die Gemeinsame Erklärung zur Rechtfertigungslehre
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 47 Nr. 4 (1998): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 47, Heft 4
Educational evaluation : two theoretical models in a corporate based application
Creators: name: Barrett, Gordon W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Provus Discrepancy Evaluation Model (1973) and the Stufflebeam et al. C.I.P.P. Evaluation Model (1973) are examined against the backdrop of two evaluations that were conducted by unskilled evaluators in a corporate based setting by a large corporation. Differences between the two theoretical models and the two corporate evaluations revealed that there are factors, not considered in the theoretical models, which can impact their effectiveness when practically applied. The Provus Discrepancy Evaluation Model and the Stufflebeam et al. C.I.P.P. Evaluation Model were in some ways appropriate and both committees would have benefited from utilizing similar evaluation models. Failure of these two committees to address significant aspects of formal evaluation might have been remedied by the application of formal evaluation models. Educational evaluation models also have significant "gaps" including personal investment of committee members, corporate agendas, cost and financial impacts, bias and stall points (the point where the evaluation model ceases to be effective in the current context). Corporate evaluations are an ongoing process and require different types of evaluation models, depending upon current need (Stall Point Theory). Two evaluations that were conducted by task force committees in a corporate setting were examined. One task force committee examined how corporate training was being carried out and the second task force committee examined adherence to how corporate policy was being carried out. Using a formal evaluation model would have provided structure, objective clarification, and greater confidence in the results and recommendations of the corporate evaluations. The development of educational evaluation models would be enhanced by considering the needs of the end users of the models, making the models more dynamic by increasing flexibility for general/specific application and acknowledging the models' limitations.
Tadpole Resummations in String Theory
Creators: name: Kitazawa, Noriaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While R-R tadpoles should be canceled for consistency, string models with broken supersymmetry generally have uncanceled NS-NS tadpoles. Their presence signals that the background does not solve the field equations, so that these models are in "wrong" vacua. In this letter we investigate, with reference to some prototype examples, whether the true values of physical quantities can be recovered resumming the NS-NS tadpoles, hence by an approach that is related to the analysis based on String Field Theory by open-closed duality. We show that, indeed, the positive classical vacuum energy of a Dp-brane of the bosonic string is exactly canceled by the negative contribution arising from tree-level tadpole resummation, in complete agreement with Sen's conjecture on open-string tachyon condensation and with the consequent analysis based on String Field Theory. We also show that the vanishing classical vacuum energy of the SO(8192) unoriented bosonic open-string theory does not receive any tree-level corrections from the tadpole resummation. This result is consistent with the fact that this (unstable) configuration is free from tadpoles of massless closed-string modes, although there is a tadpole of the closed string tachyon. The application of this method to superstring models with broken supersymmetry is also discussed.
description: 14 pages
Cumulative Tsallis Entropy for Maximum Ranked Set Sampling with Unequal Samples
Creators: name: Tahmasebi, S.
name: Longobardi, M.
name: Kazemi, M. R.
name: Alizadeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the information content of maximum ranked set sampling procedure with unequal samples (MRSSU) in terms of Tsallis entropy which is a nonadditive generalization of Shannon entropy. We obtain several results of Tsallis entropy including bounds, monotonic properties, stochastic orders, and sharp bounds under some assumptions. We also compare the uncertainty and information content of MRSSU with its counterpart in the simple random sampling (SRS) data. Finally, we develop some characterization results in terms of cumulative Tsallis entropy and residual Tsallis entropy of MRSSU and SRS data.
Linkage of Dirac Neutrinos to Dark U(1) Gauge Symmetry
Creators: name: Ma, Ernest
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown how a mechanism which allows naturally small Dirac neutrino masses is linked to the existence of dark matter through an anomaly-free U(1) gauge symmetry of fermion singlets.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, discussion expanded
V_DEV divisore di frequenza programmabile in standard VME 6U
Creators: name: A.Balla
name: G.Corradi
name: R.Lenci
name: G. Paoluzzi
name: M.Santoni
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 1999

description: Modulo a 32bit programmabile tramite bus VME, divisore di frequenza a 4 canali per segnali sinusoidali e digitali nello standard NIM, utilizzato per le frequenze di acquisizione nell'esperimento NAUTILUS.
The Need of Health Education Among Negroes
Creators: name: Jackson, Algernon B.
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 1924
Subjects: Public Health
Practice
health education
National Negro Health Week

description: I have a habit of saying that I should much prefer seeing my boy or girl the possessor of the C.B.H. degree – clean bill of health – than an A.B. degree without the C.B. H. One is essential in order to get most out of and put most into life. The other is not. You do not have to possess a college degree to be a regular human being, but you must have health. From what I so often see I am sometimes inclined to think a degree frequently stands between certain persons and that attribute of humanness which should always be the highest concept of true education. In the light of present day thought any scholastic process which neglects to inspire the student with an appreciation and love for personal health and a regard for the health of his fellowman is nothing short of an absolute failure.
The flux ratio of the [OIII] 5007,4959 lines in AGN: Comparison with theoretical calculations
Creators: name: Dimitrijevic, M. S.
name: Popovic, L. C.
name: Kovacevic, J.
name: Dacic, M.
name: Ilic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By taking into account relativistic corrections to the magnetic dipole operator, the theoretical [OIII] 5006.843/4958.511 line intensity ratio of 2.98 is obtained. In order to check this new value using AGN spectra we present the measurements of the flux ratio of the [OIII] 4959,5007 emission lines for a sample of 62 AGN, obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Database and from published observations. We select only high signal-to-noise ratio spectra for which the line shapes of the [OIII] 4959,5007 lines are the same. We obtained an averaged flux ratio of 2.993 +/- 0.014, which is in a good agreement with the theoretical one.
description: Accepted for publication in the MNRAS
Novel gramine-based bioconjugates obtained by click chemistry as cytoprotective compounds and potent antibacterial and antifungal agents
Creators: name: Berdzik, Natalia
name: Jasiewicz, Beata
name: Ostrowski, Kamil
name: Sierakowska, Arleta
name: Szlaużys, Milda
name: Nowak, Damian
name: Mrówczyńska, Lucyna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A series of indole-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole conjugates were synthesised by click chemistry. The haemolytic properties and cytoprotective activity of all the newly synthesised indole-triazole conjugates were tested in vitro. In addition, molecular docking was performed in silico for the selected conjugates to determine their antibacterial and antifungal properties. The results indicate that indole-triazole derivatives effectively protect human erythrocytes against free radical-induced haemolysis in a structure-dependent manner and that bis-indole-bis-triazole derivatives with alkyl linkers are excellent cytoprotective agents against oxidative haemolysis. The tested series of indole-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole conjugates may have an affinity for the active sites of specific protein domains (PDB IDs: 2Q85 and 5V5Z) according to molecular docking studies.
Tracking solar wind flows from rapidly varying viewpoints by the Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe
Creators: name: Nindos, A.
name: Patsourakos, S.
name: Vourlidas, A.
name: Liewer, P. C.
name: Penteado, P.
name: Hall, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: Our goal is to develop methodologies to seamlessly track transient solar wind flows viewed by coronagraphs or heliospheric imagers from rapidly varying viewpoints. Methods: We constructed maps of intensity versus time and elongation (J-maps) from Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Wide-field Imager (WISPR) observations during the fourth encounter of PSP. From the J-map, we built an intensity on impact-radius-on-Thomson-surface map (R-map). Finally, we constructed a latitudinal intensity versus time map (Lat-map). Our methodology satisfactorily addresses the challenges associated with the construction of such maps from data taken from rapidly varying viewpoint observations. Results: Our WISPR J-map exhibits several tracks, corresponding to transient solar wind flows ranging from a coronal mass ejection (CME) down to streamer blobs. The latter occurrence rate is about 4-5 per day, which is similar to the occurrence rate in a J-map made from $\sim1$ AU data obtained with the Heliospheric Imager-1 (HI-1) on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead spacecraft (STEREO-A). STEREO-A was radially aligned with PSP during the study period. The WISPR J-map tracks correspond to angular speeds of $2.28 \pm 0.7$$^{\circ}$/hour ($2.49 \pm 0.95$$^{\circ}$/hour), for linear (quadratic) time-elongation fittings, and radial speeds of about 150-300 km s$^{-1}$. The analysis of the Lat-map reveals a bifurcating streamer, which implies that PSP was flying through a slightly folded streamer during perihelion. Conclusions: We developed a framework to systematically capture and characterize transient solar wind flows from space platforms with rapidly varying vantage points. The methodology can be applied to PSP WISPR observations as well as to upcoming observations from instruments on board the Solar Orbiter mission.
description: A&A, in press
The Spitzer c2d survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds. V. Chamaeleon II Observed with IRAC
Creators: name: Porras, Alicia
name: Jørgensen, Jes K.
name: Allen, Lori E.
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Bourke, Tyler L.
name: Alcalá, Juan M.
name: Dunham, Michael M.
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Chapman, Nicholas
name: Cieza, Lucas
name: Harvey, Paul M.
name: Huard, Tracy L.
name: Koerner, David W.
name: Mundy, Lee G.
name: Myers, Philip C.
name: Padgett, Deborah L.
name: Sargent, Anneila I.
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
name: Teuben, Peter
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Wahhaj, Zahed
name: Young, Kaisa E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 micron) observations of the Chamaeleon II molecular cloud. The observed area covers about 1 square degree defined by $A_V >2$. Analysis of the data in the 2005 c2d catalogs reveals a small number of sources (40) with properties similar to those of young stellaror substellar objects (YSOs). The surface density of these YSO candidates is low, and contamination by background galaxies appears to be substantial, especially for sources classified as Class I or flat SED. We discuss this problem in some detail and conclude that very few of the candidate YSOs in early evolutionary stages are actually in the Cha II cloud. Using a refined set of criteria, we define a smaller, but more reliable, set of 24 YSO candidates.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, in press ApJ
Metamorphosis of dwarf halo density profile under dark matter decays
Creators: name: Chen, Jianxiong
name: Chu, M. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the density profile of a dwarf halo in the decaying dark matter (DDM) cosmology, using a new algorithm that resolves halo density profiles down to the innermost $700$ pc robustly with high efficiency. Following Schwarzschild's orbit-based method, we have also developed a simplified model to calculate the DDM halo density profiles, which agree remarkably well with those from N-body simulations. Both zoom-in simulations and the simplified model reveal that dark matter decays lead to the flattening of central density and overall reduction of density in dwarf halos, and the underlying physics mechanisms are well illustrated by the simplified model. The slowly-rising scaled rotation curves of DDM dwarf halos agree with the observation of local dwarf galaxies. Our results suggest that the DDM holds great potential for resolving the small-scale problems faced by the cold dark matter (CDM) model.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
The cycle of "Matthew effects": understanding the effects of reading disabilities on adults' lives
Creators: name: Schnare, Catherine Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A two-part multiple case study combining qualitatitive and quantitative data was conducted to explore the effects of reading disabilities in adults' lives. The main purpose of the study was to add to an understanding of the theoretical construct of Matthew Effects in reading which are hypothesized to be the result of deficits in phonological awareness (Stanovich, 1986). The relationship of phonological awareness to adult readers' decoding difficulties was examined. Finally, a comparison was made of the test scores of those with reading disabilities on four measures of phonological awareness and one test of word identification to the scores obtained on the same tests by a group of proficient readers. Interviews were conducted with 10 adult participants with reading disabilities using a semi-structured set of questions. The participants were students at a community college and had previously been assessed and tutored by the researcher in a learning assistance setting. For the purposes of this study, each participant was administered four measures of phonological awareness and one measure of word identification. In addition to their scores on these tests, participants' previous learning skills assessment results on the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery were also analyzed for further understanding of the participant's learning strengths and weaknesses. A second group of adults was selected who were presumed to be proficient readers because of their professional status and the implied reading demand in their respective fields. These participants were also administered the same tests as those given to the group of adults with reading disabilities. Negative effects of reading disabilities, or Matthew Effects, were identified in the participants' interview responses in relation to four areas of concern: self-concept, relationships, education and employment. Some positive effects were also noted, primarily in relation to participants' coping strategies, resilience, and persistence. Phonological awareness and word identification test scores were lower for the adults with reading disabilities compared to those who were proficient readers, particularly on the Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test, Part II (LAC Test) and the Wide Range Achievement Test in Reading (WRAT-Reading). Implications for various groups, institutions, and agencies are discussed, and recommendations are made for program development and further study.
Representation Class and Geometrical Invariants of Quantum States under Local Unitary Transformations
Creators: name: Yu, Zu-Huan
name: Li-Jost, Xian-Qing
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the equivalence of bipartite quantum mixed states under local unitary transformations by introducing representation classes from a geometrical approach. It is shown that two bipartite mixed states are equivalent under local unitary transformations if and only if they have the same representation class. Detailed examples are given on calculating representation classes.
description: 11 pages
Dispersive contributions to $e^+p/e^-p$ cross section ratio in forward regime
Creators: name: Gorchtein, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions to elastic electron-proton scattering in the forward regime are considered. The imaginary part of TPE amplitude in these kinematics is related to the DIS nucleon structure functions. The real part of the TPE amplitude is obtained from the imaginary part by means of dispersion relations. We demonstrate that the dispersion integrals for the relevant elastic $ep$-scattering amplitude converge and do not need subtraction. This allows us to make clean prediction for the real part of the TPE amplitude at forward angles. We furthermore compare $e^+p$ and $e^-p$ cross sections which depends on the real part of TPE amplitude, and predict the positron cross section to exceed the electron one by a few per cent, with the difference ranging from 1.4% to 2.8% for electron $lab$ energies in the range from 3 to 45 GeV. We furthermore predict that the absolute value of this asymmetry grows with energy, which makes it promising for experimental tests.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Ashkin-Teller formalism for elastic response of DNA molecule to external force and torque
Creators: name: Chang, Zhe
name: Wang, Ping
name: Zheng, Ying-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an Ashkin-Teller like model for elastic response of DNA molecule to external force and torque. The base-stacking interaction is described in a simple and uniform way. We obtain the phase diagram of dsDNA, and in particular, the transition from B form to the S state induced by stretching and twisting. The elastic response of the ssDNA is presented also in a unified formalism. The close relation of dsDNA molecule structure with elastic response is shown clearly. The calculated folding angle of the dsDNA molecule is $59.2^o$.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Data-driven evaluation of designed proteins using structural features, machine learning and cell-free expression systems
Creators: name: Stam, Michael James
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2024
Subjects: protein design
machine learning
structural biology
cell-free protein synthesis

description: Proteins are the biological molecules that perform almost all the biochemical work that is necessary for life. Native proteins have a vast array of functionality as catalysts, materials, signalling molecules and more. They also have applications outside of their natural context as therapeutics, sensors, and industrial feedstocks. De novo protein design aims to find new protein sequences with useful properties, that can be used to solve challenges across scientific areas. Unfortunately, protein design has several limitations, including high failure rates, challenges in designing towards specific functions, and many design methods are inaccessible to non experts. This PhD project has three major research outputs which aim to address some of the limitations of protein design. Firstly, the DEsigned STRucture Evaluation ServiceS (DE-STRESS) web server was developed, which generates a set of physico-chemical properties for protein structural models, in order to evaluate designs. DE-STRESS includes functionality which allows users to design towards functions, and the web server was developed to be responsive and user friendly. Secondly, analysis was performed which demonstrated that the DESTRESS features were predictive of in vivo protein production levels, and that they varied systematically across half a million predicted structures from 48 organisms, to such an extent that the tree of life could be reconstructed. This first result is significant as it provides evidence that DE-STRESS is valuable for ranking protein designs, and the second result suggests that the properties of proteins are optimised to their unique chemical environment, which could be used to develop more robust design methodologies. Finally, a method for screening designs in E.coli cell-free systems was developed, which will be used to explore the relationship between the DE-STRESS structural features and failure reasons of designed proteins. The insights gained from this work will be used to screen designs to avoid some of the common reasons for failure. Overall, the results from this PhD show how structural features of proteins, combined with machine learning methods and cell-free systems, can be used to increase the reliability and accessibility of protein design, so that it can be become a vital tool for researchers, in solving challenges across medicine, agriculture, energy and beyond.
A Hitchhiker's Guide to Structural Similarity
Creators: name: Venkataramanan, Abhinau K.
name: Wu, Chengyang
name: Bovik, Alan C.
name: Katsavounidis, Ioannis
name: Shahid, Zafar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Structural Similarity (SSIM) Index is a very widely used image/video quality model that continues to play an important role in the perceptual evaluation of compression algorithms, encoding recipes and numerous other image/video processing algorithms. Several public implementations of the SSIM and Multiscale-SSIM (MS-SSIM) algorithms have been developed, which differ in efficiency and performance. This "bendable ruler" makes the process of quality assessment of encoding algorithms unreliable. To address this situation, we studied and compared the functions and performances of popular and widely used implementations of SSIM, and we also considered a variety of design choices. Based on our studies and experiments, we have arrived at a collection of recommendations on how to use SSIM most effectively, including ways to reduce its computational burden.
description: Submitted final version to IEEE Access on January 30, 2021
Stability of topological edge states under strong nonlinear effects
Creators: name: Chaunsali, Rajesh
name: Xu, Haitao
name: Yang, Jinkyu
name: Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
name: Theocharis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the role of strong nonlinearity on the topologically-robust edge state in a one-dimensional system. We consider a chain inspired from the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, but with a finite-frequency edge state and the dynamics governed by second-order differential equations. We introduce a cubic onsite-nonlinearity and study this nonlinear effect on the edge state's frequency and linear stability. Nonlinear continuation reveals that the edge state loses its typical shape enforced by the chiral symmetry and becomes generally unstable due to various types of instabilities that we analyze using a combination of spectral stability and Krein signature analysis. This results in an initially-excited nonlinear-edge state shedding its energy into the bulk over a long time. However, the stability trends differ both qualitatively and quantitatively when softening and stiffening types of nonlinearity are considered. In the latter, we find a frequency regime where nonlinear edge states can be linearly stable. This enables high-amplitude edge states to remain spatially localized without shedding their energy, a feature that we have confirmed via long-time dynamical simulations. Finally, we examine the robustness of frequency and stability of nonlinear edge states against disorder, and find that those are more robust under a chiral disorder compared to a non-chiral disorder. Moreover, the frequency-regime where high-amplitude edge states were found to be linearly stable remains intact in the presence of small amount of disorder of both types.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
A hidden constant in the anomalous Hall effect of a high-purity magnet MnSi
Creators: name: Lee, Minhyea
name: Onose, Y.
name: Tokura, Y.
name: Ong, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the Hall conductivity in MnSi can provide incisive tests of theories of the anomalous Hall (AH) effect, because both the mean-free-path and magnetoresistance (MR) are unusually large for a ferromagnet. The large MR provides an accurate way to separate the AH conductivity $σ_{xy}^A$ from the ordinary Hall conductivity $σ_{xy}^N$. Below the Curie temperature $T_C$, $σ_{xy}^A$ is linearly proportional to $ M$ (magnetization) with a proportionality constant $S_H$ that is independent of both $T$ and $H$. In particular, $S_H$ remains a constant while $σ_{xy}^N$ changes by a factor of 100 between 5 K and $T_C$. We discuss implications of the hidden constancy in $S_H$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Minor changes
The beneficial effects of the active components from Maclura tricuspidata fruits in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Creators: name: Zhang, Xuanming
name: Hao, Xiaoyan
name: Chen, Xiqiang
name: Wang, Fengxia
name: Guo, Hongbo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Five active compounds, daidzein, luteolin, alpinumisoflavone (AI), 6,8-diprenylgenistein (DG), and warangalone (WA), were identified from the fruits of Maclura tricuspidata via LC-Q/TOF-MS. WA and DG were shown to reverse the high glucose (HG)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), indicating their potential protective effects in alleviating diabetic symptoms. Network pharmacology was conducted to reveal the potential mechanisms of action of the compounds, and Hsp90α (degree: 47), Src (degree: 49), Akt (degree: 69) and p53 (degree: 60) were shown as the core targets related to antidiabetic properties. Further experimental verification suggested that the compounds could enhance phosphorylation of Src and Akt, increase p53 expression act as Hsp90 inhibitors, and protect against HG induced endothelial dysfunction. Our findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of the active substances of M. tricuspidata, which will be helpful for their utilisation.
Spot Model for Identifications of Periods in Asynchronous Polars
Creators: name: Wang, Qishan
name: Qian, Shengbang
name: Han, Zhongtao
name: Fang, Xiaohui
name: Zang, Lei
name: Liu, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We improved the discless accretion models of Wynn \& King, considering the effects of the changing aspect due to the white dwarf spin and the variable feeding intensity caused by the asynchronism, and set up a more general spot model which is not sensitive to the different forms of these effects and can be applied for the period analysis of the optical and X-ray light curve. The spot model can produce the power spectra compatible with the observations, and its simulations limit the ratio $P_{spin}/P_{orb}<2$ between the powers at the white dwarf spin and the binary orbital frequencies, which is a strong criterion for identification of periods. Then we recognize the periods for CD Ind, BY Cam and 1RXS J083842.1-282723. The spot model reveals a complex accretion geometry in the asynchronous polars, which may indicate that the complex magnetic field causes their asynchronism. We think 1RXS J083842.1-282723 is a pre-polars because of its highest asynchronism and stable light curve. Giving the unstable accretion process in asynchronous polars, the period analysis of the long-term light curve will make the orbital signal prominent.
A Complete Set of Local Invariants for a Family of Multipartite Mixed States
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao-Hong
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Wu, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the equivalence of quantum states under local unitary transformations by using the singular value decomposition. A complete set of invariants under local unitary transformations is presented for several classes of tripartite mixed states in KxMxN composite systems. Two density matrices in the same class are equivalent under local unitary transformations if and only if all these invariants have equal values for these density matrices.
description: 10 pages