cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exercise Approch and Its Effects in Elderly Obese People
Creators: name: Bolukbasi, Selman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The most common cause of obesity in elderly people is the decrease in their basal metabolic rates and physical activities. The number of elderly obese is increasing almost everywhere in the world. In exercise recipes, either a-150-minute moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or a combination of both is recommended. Sporting activities such as cycling, walking, football, basketball, volleyball, tennis and working in the garden are well known types of exercises. Total energy consumptions in the elderly people decrease up to 20% compared to young individuals. Obesity and increased abdominal fat are associated with increased morbidity - mortality and low quality of life. Physically active elderly people with low abdominal circumference are very unlikely to develop insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the prevalence of dyslipidemia [increased triglycerides levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels] and hypertension are higher in obese older adults. In this review article, the problem of obesity in the elderly individuals are covered in depth and the exercises that can be taken for this problem are explained in detail.
An Assessment of the Economic Impact of Firms Assisted By the Oklahoma Food and Agricultural Products Center
Creators: name: Ulmer, Ann
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
name: Woods, Michael D.
name: Willoughby, Charles V.
name: Tilley, Daniel S.
name: Ulmer, Ann
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
name: Woods, Michael D.
name: Willoughby, Charles V.
name: Tilley, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The evolution of value-added centers at land-grant universities, along with the recent development of numerous Ag Innovation Centers, has been viewed as a sign of a shifting emphasis to value-added agriculture research and technical assistance efforts. The entities that fund these centers, be they state or federal government, have a vested interest in the economic impacts of these centers. However, evaluating the efforts of a public good is not always an easy task. An economic-impact study of the Oklahoma Food and Agricultural Products Center (FAPC) was conducted to assess the total economic impacts of the firms assisted by the FAPC on Oklahoma's economy. A telephone survey was used to collect the necessary data and IMPLAN was used to estimate direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts.
The Business Advantage: Mobilizing private sector-led climate actions in agriculture
Creators: name: Le, Nghiem
name: Peter, Läderach
name: Tiffany, Talsma
name: Michael, Weatherhead
name: Grazia, Pacillo
name: Claire, Wheatley
name: Clement, Charlot
name: Pablo, Imbach
name: Le, Nghiem
name: Peter, Läderach
name: Tiffany, Talsma
name: Michael, Weatherhead
name: Grazia, Pacillo
name: Claire, Wheatley
name: Clement, Charlot
name: Pablo, Imbach
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: climate change
subject: adaptation
subject: climate finance
subject: Paris Agreement
subject: farmers

description: With private contributions becoming increasingly pivotal to global climate finance, it is evident that scaling up and channeling private capital is crucial in meeting the goal of achieving the Paris Agreement and limiting global warming to two degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial level. In the adaptation sector, however, little quantitative information is available regarding private financing flows, because adaptation activities are often integrated into broader development operations rather than existing as stand-alone interventions. In an effort to better understand how public funds can mobilize private resources for adaptation, the amount of private finance raised in matching public investment is often used as an indicator of success. But going a step further, what would be most relevant would be to know how much impact is generated through these public-private partnerships. In the context of rural transformation, it is also important to know how such impact is delivered to the farmer households that are in most need of adaptation support. Finally, understanding how the impact is distributed across financial, social and environmental outcomes would be helpful in learning to channel private investments into adaptation actions that are both profitable and sustainable.
Supplemental materials_Intermittent Fasting Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Alters the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome Patients
Creators: name: , Guo
name: Shiyun Luo
name: Yongxin Ye
name: Songping Yin
name: Jiahua Fan
name: Xia, Min
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The text is the supplemental materials of the artical "Intermittent Fasting Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Alters the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome Patients" in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. It contains the methodology and related references.
Rivulet flow and stability
Creators: name: Liang, Margaret Hongxia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Two dimensional, steady-state rivulet flow down an inclined plane, and combined rivulet/air flow i n a circular pipe are studied. Both asymptotic analysis and numerical methods are used to solve the Navier-Stoke equations for rivulet flow down an inclined plane. Asymptotic approximation, which is valid only for rivulet of large cross-sectional aspect ratios, is substantiated by exact numerical solutions up to specified error tolerance. Standard shooting techniques are used to solve ODE for rivulet shape and finite element methods are used to approximate the flow velocity. The stability of the rivulet flow is also studied based on energy criterion. We find that pure gravity driven rivulets are subject to break up and pure shear driven rivulets are stable in that sense. For the combined air/rivulet flow, the relationship between pressure gradients and fluxes is investigated using the annulus rivulet and circular arc rivulet models. The annulus rivulet model is solved analytically, and the circular arc rivulet is computed using FEMLAB . It is found that pressure gradient needed to drive the rivulet flow is much more sensitive to change in channel size than to change in contact angle. Finally, linear stability analysis of the combined air/rivulet flow in a rectangular domain is formulated.
Fueled by Fuel_ The Future of the Paris Agreement as Economies Reopen
Creators: name: Thoronka, Jeremiah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: 140210 International Economics and International Finance
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 160605 Environmental Politics
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 50204 Environmental Impact Assessment
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50206 Environmental Monitoring
subject: Environmental Science
subject: 160507 Environment Policy
subject: 50203 Environmental Education and Extension
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90607 Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Renewable Power)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90608 Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells)
subject: 160514 Urban Policy
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: Science Policy
subject: 160505 Economic Development Policy
subject: Climate Science
subject: 40104 Climate Change Processes

description: This article focuses on both the paradigm shift in diplomacy that will make the Paris agreement a success and the considerable challenges facing the Agreement due to the inception of COVID-19 and how due to the shut-down of economies as countries have been battling for economic recovery while implementing measures for the success of the Paris Agreement.
Fueled by Fuel_ The Future of the Paris Agreement as Economies Reopen.pdf
Creators: name: Thoronka, Jeremiah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: 140210 International Economics and International Finance
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 160605 Environmental Politics
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 50204 Environmental Impact Assessment
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50206 Environmental Monitoring
subject: Environmental Science
subject: 160507 Environment Policy
subject: 50203 Environmental Education and Extension
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90607 Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Renewable Power)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90608 Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells)
subject: 160514 Urban Policy
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: Science Policy
subject: 160505 Economic Development Policy
subject: Climate Science
subject: 40104 Climate Change Processes

description: Renewables are no more an “Alternative power source” as they are becoming the major source of electricity around the globe. They accounted for over 40% of the global growth in primary energy in 2018-2019 which is larger than any other fuel. As a result, renewables increased its share in the energy mix from 4.5% in 2018 to 5% in 2019. Now all signs point to this proportion continuing to grow, but since the inception of COVID-19, we have witnessed the unleashing of an unprecedented global economic dilemma, resulting in a terra incognita for countries and most sectors, but few more so than the rapidly transitioning energy sector. The renewable energy transition is faced with the challenges of disruption in the renewable supply chain, down-fall in oil price, and the economic impact of COVID-19. What emerging technologies should be considered to help mankind balance economic growth, affordable energy access and GHG? How will the global south champion the transition process during and Post COVID-19 (As many governments tend to go for cheap oil)? How can states divest from fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) during this economic meltdown in order to achieve the objectives set out in the Paris Agreement? How soon could we achieve this? This article highlight the benefit of shifting to renewables
THE TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986: ITS IMPACT ON PENNSYLVANIA FARMERS
Creators: name: Grisley, William
name: Jenkins, Larry C.
name: Grisley, William
name: Jenkins, Larry C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The Tax Reform Act of 1986 was studied to determine its short-run impact on Pennsylvania farmers. For the 3,059 farms studied, the average increase in total tax obligation resulting from the TRA of 1986 was $446 per farm, or a 48 percent increase in federal income taxes actually paid in 1984. Differences in impact were found across farms categorized by commodity type. Egg producers were most severely impacted, while beef cattle producers least affected. In general, the increase in adjusted gross income was due to the loss of 60 percent exclusion on capital gain income.
BMS charges in polyhomogeneous spacetimes
Creators: name: Godazgar, Mahdi
name: Long, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify the asymptotic charges of a class of polyhomogeneous asymptotically-flat spacetimes with finite shear, generalising recent results on smooth asymptotically-flat spacetimes. Polyhomogenous spacetimes are a formally consistent class of spacetimes that do not satisfy the well-known peeling property. As such, they constitute a more physical class of asymptotically-flat spacetimes compared to the smooth class. In particular, we establish that the generalised conserved non-linear Newman-Penrose charges that are known to exist for such spacetimes are a subset of asymptotic BMS charges.
description: 42 pages
CHOOSING ALTERNATIVES TO CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER SUPPLIES: A SEQUENTIAL DECISION FRAMEWORK UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Creators: name: Sarnat, Carol L.
name: Willis, Cleve E.
name: Harper, Carolyn R.
name: Sarnat, Carol L.
name: Willis, Cleve E.
name: Harper, Carolyn R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In increasing numbers, communities that rely on groundwater for drinking supplies have discovered contamination from agricultural pesticides and herbicides, road salt, underground fuel storage, and septic systems. A variety of short- and long-run remedies are available with highly uncertain outcomes. An appropriate technique for solving a benefit-cost problem of this type is a sequential decision framework using stochastic dynamic programming procedures for solution. The approach is illustrated here by means of an application to the problem of the recent contamination of the groundwater of Whately, Massachusetts by the agricultural fumigant EDB and the pesticide aldicarb.
Set mapping reflection
Creators: name: Moore, Justin Tatch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E05, 03E10, 03E47, 03E65

description: In this note we will discuss a new reflection principle which follows from the Proper Forcing Axiom. The immediate purpose will be to prove that the bounded form of the Proper Forcing Axiom implies both that 2^omega = omega_2 and that L(P(omega_1)) satisfies the Axiom of Choice. It will also be demonstrated that this reflection principle implies that combinatorial principle Square(kappa) fails for all regular kappa > omega_1.
description: 11 pages
A FARM TO RETAIL SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF THE NORTHEAST FOOD INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Gempesaw, Conrado M.
name: Reisner, G.C.
name: Wobus, P.J.
name: Gempesaw, Conrado M.
name: Reisner, G.C.
name: Wobus, P.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: Previous studies analyzing the U.S. food industry have used national data and/or have focused on a particular sector of the industry. However, regional differences in resource endowments, income opportunities and population distribution imply that the impact of changing economic environment will not be the same for all regions. A farm to retail multiproduct sectoral model for the Northeast food industry is developed and estimated. This regional approach is used to analyze the effects of changes in exogenous variables on the Northeast region's food production and consumption. Empirical results are presented in terms of intrasectoral flexibilities and elasticities. Selected results from other regions are also presented and compared with the Northeast results.
THE EFFECTS OF COMMODITY PROGRAM PARTICIPATION ON BIDDING N THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM
Creators: name: Riely, Patricia L.
name: Dicks, Michael R.
name: Shagam, Shayle D.
name: Riely, Patricia L.
name: Dicks, Michael R.
name: Shagam, Shayle D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: An analysis of Conservation Reserve Program contracts obtained during the 1986 sign-up periods indicates commodity program participants enrolled more acreage at higher costs than farmers not participating in other commodity programs. Significant differences also occurred between the various commodity program crops, reflecting the difference in benefits available for these crops.
Observation of the Quantum Boomerang Effect
Creators: name: Sajjad, Roshan
name: Tanlimco, Jeremy L.
name: Mas, Hector
name: Cao, Alec
name: Nolasco-Martinez, Eber
name: Simmons, Ethan Q.
name: Santos, Flávio L. N.
name: Vignolo, Patrizia
name: Macrì, Tommaso
name: Weld, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particle in an Anderson-localized system, if launched in any direction, should on average return to its starting point and stay there. Despite the central role played by Anderson localization in the modern understanding of condensed matter, this "quantum boomerang" effect, an essential feature of the localized state, was only recently theoretically predicted and has not previously been observed. We report the experimental observation of the quantum boomerang effect. Using a degenerate gas and a phase-shifted pair of optical lattices, we probe the role of time reversal symmetry breaking, Floquet gauge, and initial state symmetry in supporting or disrupting the boomerang effect. Highlighting the key role of localization, we observe that as stochastic kicking destroys dynamical localization, the quantum boomerang effect also disappears. Measured dynamics are in agreement with analytical and numerical predictions. These results showcase a unique experimental probe of the underlying quantum nature of Anderson localized matter.
description: 10 pages including appendices, 4 figures
Social Externalities and Economic Analysis
Creators: name: Fleurbaey, Marc
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Viney, Brody
name: Fleurbaey, Marc
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Viney, Brody
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Externalities
subject: Commons
subject: Human Interdependence
subject: Social Externalities
subject: Internalizing Mechanisms
subject: Ethical Principles

description: This paper considers and assesses the concept of social externalities through human interdependence, in relation to the economic analysis of externalities in the tradition of Pigou and Arrow, including the analysis of the commons. It argues that there are limits to economic analysis. Our proposal is to enlarge the perspective and start thinking about a broader framework in which any pattern of influence of an agent or a group of agents over a third party, which is not mediated by any economic, social, or psychological mechanism guaranteeing the alignment of the marginal net private benefit with marginal net social benefit, can be attached the “externality” label and be scrutinized for the likely negative consequences that result from the divergence. These consequences may be significant given the many interactions between the social and economic realms, and the scope for spillovers and feedback loops to emerge. The paper also establishes a tentative and probably incomplete list of possible internalizing mechanisms for externalities under this broader framework, which includes: pricing and monetary incentives; altruism and solidarity; moral norms; reciprocity and mutual monitoring; centralized cooperative decision-making; and merger. There are clear reasons why the pricing mechanism is not appropriate in some cases. A more difficult question to answer is what factors determine which of the mechanisms is the appropriate one to rely on in a given sphere of relations and activities. The object of the paper is to encourage research and contributions from all the relevant disciplines of social sciences on the pervasive human interdependence that the notion of social externalities tries to capture.
Supplementary Text from Spectral graph theory efficiently characterizes ventilation heterogeneity in lung airway networks.
Creators: name: Whitfield, Carl A.
name: Latimer, Peter
name: Horsley, Alex
name: Wild, Jim M.
name: Collier, Guilhem J.
name: Jensen, Oliver E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 29903 Medical Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Text containing supplementary methods and results.
Glass-like low frequency ac response of ZrB$_{12}$ and Nb single crystals in the surface superconducting state
Creators: name: Tsindlekht, Menachem I.
name: Leviev, Grigory I.
name: Genkin, Valery M.
name: Felner, Israel
name: Paderno, Yurii B.
name: Filippov, Vladimir B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report experimental studies of the low frequency electrodynamics of ZrB$_{12}$ and Nb single crystals. AC susceptibility at frequencies 3 - 1000 Hz have been measured under a dc magnetic field, $H_0$, applied parallel to the sample surface. In the surface superconducting state, for several $H_0$, the real part of the ac magnetic susceptibility exhibits a logarithmic frequency dependence as for spin-glass systems. Kramers-Kronig analysis of the experimental data, shows large losses at ultra low frequencies ($<3$ Hz). The wave function slope at the surface was found. The linear response of the order parameter to the ac excitation was extracted from the experimental data.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
AN EVALUATION OF EXPECTED VALUE AND EXPECTED VALUE-VARIANCE CRITERIA IN ACHIEVING RISK EFFICIENCY IN CROP SELECTION
Creators: name: Reid, Donald W.
name: Tew, Bernard V.
name: Reid, Donald W.
name: Tew, Bernard V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This article evaluates the performance of expected value and expected value-variance criteria in achieving risk efficiency in crop selection. Results indicate that the expected returns criterion achieves risk efficiency in many situations because of constraints. However, in the absence of many constraints the expected returns criterion performs poorly except when highly mean-dominant activities are present. The expected value-variance criterion achieves a high degree of risk efficiency for all situations examined. This result implies that criteria more complex than expected value-variance are not necessary for crop selection analysis, given empirical returns distributions.
Figure S4.pdf from Factors favouring the evolution of multidrug resistance in bacteria
Creators: name: Eliott Jacopin
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Débarre, Florence
name: Blanquart, François
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The evolution of multidrug antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria is an important public health concern. Commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus, are also opportunistic pathogens causing a large fraction of the community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) makes these infections harder to treat with antibiotics and may thus cause substantial additional morbidity and mortality. Here, we develop an evolutionary epidemiology model to identify the factors favouring the evolution of MDR in commensal bacteria. The model describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a commensal bacterial species evolving in a host population subjected to multiple antibiotic treatments. We combine statistical analysis of a large number of simulations and mathematical analysis to understand the model behaviour. We find that MDR evolves more readily when it is less costly than expected from the combinations of single resistances (negative epistasis). MDR frequently evolves when bacteria are in contact with multiple drugs prescribed in the host population, even if individual hosts are only treated with a single drug at a time. MDR is favoured when the host population is structured in different classes that vary in their rates of antibiotic treatment. However, under most circumstances, recombination between loci involved in resistance does not meaningfully affect the equilibrium frequency of MDR. Together, these results suggest that MDR is a frequent evolutionary outcome in commensal bacteria that encounter the variety of antibiotics prescribed in the host population. A better characterization of the variability in antibiotic use across the host population (e.g. across age classes or geographical location) would help predict which MDR genotypes will most readily evolve.
ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR DISTRIBUTING STATE AID TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN NEW YORK
Creators: name: Ranney, Christine K.
name: Day, Lee M.
name: Hattery, Michael R.
name: Ranney, Christine K.
name: Day, Lee M.
name: Hattery, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper simulates alternative distributions of general purpose state aid to local governments under different combinations of criteria: tax capacity, effort, and revenue needs. Revenue needs are based on Tobit estimates of the costs of providing average levels of 16 categories of services. Segmenting the sample into high and low population jurisdictions provided a more realistic set of cost estimates. Available revenues or capacity are determined by multiplying each jurisdiction's tax bases by standard tax rates. A Need-Capacity gap, the difference between needed revenues and available revenues, is used as a needs-based distribution strategy for general purpose aid. Finally an effort gap, based on above average tax efforts was added to the Need-Capacity gap to define a Need-Capacity-Effort strategy.
Diffusion and escape times in the open-leaky standard map
Creators: name: Lugosi, L.
name: Kovács, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the connection between transport phenomenon and escape rate statistics in two-dimensional standard map. For the purpose of having an open phase space, we let the momentum co-ordinate vary freely and restrict only angle with periodic boundary condition. We also define a pair of artificial holes placed symmetrically along the momentum axis where the particles might leave the system. As a consequence of the leaks the diffusion can be analysed making use of only the ensemble of survived particles. We present how the diffusion coefficient depends on the size and position of the escape regions. Since the accelerator modes and, thus, the diffusion are strongly related to the system's control parameter, we also investigate effects of the perturbation strength. Numerical simulations show that the short-time escape statistics does not follow the well-known exponential decay especially for large values of perturbation parameters. The analysis of the escape direction also supports this picture as a significant amount of particles skip the leaks and leave the system just after a longtime excursion in the remote zones of the phase space.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Exotic group actions on homology 3-spheres
Creators: name: Safnuk, Bradley David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We present two contrasting methods for constructing group actions on homology 3-spheres. These actions are characterized as being exotic - not conjugate to a standard linear action. The first method is to modify a standard linear action on the 3-sphere by performing surgery on an invariant link. A family of exotic actions is produced for a class of metacyclic groups. This method is certainly applicable to any group admitting a linear representation. The second method is a computer aided study using the program Twiggy, software written by the author. Starting from a knot in the 3-sphere, a representation is found from the knot group to a finite group G. The branched cover associated to the representation has a natural G-action. The program looks for representations, determines if the cover is a homology sphere and tests if the action constructed is exotic. The primary test of whether or not an action is exotic is by examining the linking numbers of the fixed point curves.
THE STRUCTURE OF A NEVER REGULATED LESS-THAN-TRUCKLOAD MARKET IN THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Beilock, Richard P.
name: Rahmani, Mohammed
name: Rosalsky, Mercedes
name: Beilock, Richard P.
name: Rahmani, Mohammed
name: Rosalsky, Mercedes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The structure of the never-regulated, less-than-truckload transport market for Florida ornamentals is examined using concentration ratios, and the Hirchman-Herfindahl, Rosenbluth, and E Indices. The results indicate that this market is not highly concentrated relative to all U.S. markets or to regulated trucking markets. This suggests that the long run structure of the trucking markets where regulations have been relaxed will not be highly concentrated and that economies of size may not be large. It was also found that, despite characteristics favorable to own-account carriage, it plays a minor role in ornamentals transportation relative to in regulated markets. This is consistent with the hypothesis that avoidance of problems and costs related to regulated carriage can be an incentive for firms to adopt own-account carriage.
Maximal rank for planar singularities of multiplicity two
Creators: name: Roé, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C20; 14C05

description: We prove that general unions of singularity schemes of multiplicity two in the projective plane have maximal rank.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures; minor corrections over published version (numerical conditions in Thm 4.3 and Cor 4.6)
Briozoos "Animales musgo"
Creators: name: García, Maryjose
name: Tello-Musi, José Luis
name: Ugalde, Diana
name: Simoes, Nuno
name: Guerra, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bryozoa
subject: Bryozoa/classification
subject: Bryozoa/growth & development
subject: Bryozoa/anatomy & histology
subject: Fauna
subject: Marine fauna
subject: Biological Monitoring
subject: Biological monitoring
subject: Biological diversity
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Preservation, Biological/classification
subject: Aquatic animal
subject: Aquatic ecosystem
subject: Aquatic Organisms
subject: Aquatic environment
subject: Aquatic ecology
subject: Aquatic system
subject: Aquatic organism
subject: Aquatic Organisms/classification
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Marine biodiversity
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine biota
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine organism

description: This Infographic is a product of BDMY (https://www.bdmy.org.mx) project, that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, and CONABIO (Mexico).
The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon.

CC-BY-NC-ND
OPTIMAL IRRIGATION PIVOT LOCATION ON IRREGULARLY SHAPED FIELDS
Creators: name: Hatch, L. Upton
name: Hardy, William E.
name: Rochester, Eugene W.
name: Johnson, Gregory C.
name: Hatch, L. Upton
name: Hardy, William E.
name: Rochester, Eugene W.
name: Johnson, Gregory C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Although annual rainfall in the Southeast is adequate, its distribution is a potential constraint to agricultural production. Farmers require production information concerning efficient use of irrigation technology adapted to regional growing conditions. Selection of optimal position, size, and number of pivots in center pivot irrigation systems poses special problems on small, irregularly shaped fields. In the southeastern United States, field size and shape are often varied and irregular. A mixed integer programming model was constructed to assist in irrigation investment decisions. The model is illustrated using irrigated peanut production in southeast Alabama. Results indicate the importance of economic engineering considerations.
EFFECTIVE LEARNING IN LARGE CLASSES THROUGH RISK MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Broder, Josef M.
name: Tew, Bernard V.
name: Williams, Jeffery R.
name: Broder, Josef M.
name: Tew, Bernard V.
name: Williams, Jeffery R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Risk management strategies for maintaining student performance in large classes are discussed. Risk management theory is discussed and used to describe student behavior. Results of risk management experiments in which students are exposed to alternative levels of grading are reported along with other factors which influence student behavior. Class performance was not found to decline under a system involving only a 50 percent chance of assignments being graded. Procedures for implementing and limitations of chance grading systems in large classes are discussed.
A BIOECONOMIC SIMULATION APPROACH TO MULTI-SPECIES INSECT MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Boggess, William G.
name: Cardelli, Dino J.
name: Barfield, C.S.
name: Boggess, William G.
name: Cardelli, Dino J.
name: Barfield, C.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Classical approaches to the economics of pest management have focused almost exclusively on single-species models. This study develops and implements a methodology with which to evaluate multi-species, non-stochastic, managerial decisions subject to stochastic elements of the plant-insect system. Multi-species insect management strategies (combinations of scouting interval, threshold value, and choice of pesticide) are analyzed using a physiological mechanistic soybean plant growth model coupled to three insect population dynamics models. Preliminary results indicate that net returns are maximized and variance is reduced with lower thresholds and more frequent scouting than current recommendations.
Figure S5.pdf from Factors favouring the evolution of multidrug resistance in bacteria
Creators: name: Eliott Jacopin
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Débarre, Florence
name: Blanquart, François
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The evolution of multidrug antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria is an important public health concern. Commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus, are also opportunistic pathogens causing a large fraction of the community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) makes these infections harder to treat with antibiotics and may thus cause substantial additional morbidity and mortality. Here, we develop an evolutionary epidemiology model to identify the factors favouring the evolution of MDR in commensal bacteria. The model describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a commensal bacterial species evolving in a host population subjected to multiple antibiotic treatments. We combine statistical analysis of a large number of simulations and mathematical analysis to understand the model behaviour. We find that MDR evolves more readily when it is less costly than expected from the combinations of single resistances (negative epistasis). MDR frequently evolves when bacteria are in contact with multiple drugs prescribed in the host population, even if individual hosts are only treated with a single drug at a time. MDR is favoured when the host population is structured in different classes that vary in their rates of antibiotic treatment. However, under most circumstances, recombination between loci involved in resistance does not meaningfully affect the equilibrium frequency of MDR. Together, these results suggest that MDR is a frequent evolutionary outcome in commensal bacteria that encounter the variety of antibiotics prescribed in the host population. A better characterization of the variability in antibiotic use across the host population (e.g. across age classes or geographical location) would help predict which MDR genotypes will most readily evolve.
Variational Monte Carlo study of pentaquark states
Creators: name: Paris, Mark W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate numerical solution of the five-body Schrodinger equation is effected via variational Monte Carlo. The spectrum is assumed to exhibit a narrow resonance with strangeness S=+1. A fully antisymmetrized and pair-correlated five-quark wave function is obtained for the assumed non-relativistic Hamiltonian which has spin, isospin, and color dependent pair interactions and many-body confining terms which are fixed by the non-exotic spectra. Gauge field dynamics are modeled via flux tube exchange factors. The energy determined for the ground states with J=1/2 and negative (positive) parity is 2.22 GeV (2.50 GeV). A lower energy negative parity state is consistent with recent lattice results. The short-range structure of the state is analyzed via its diquark content.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; revised for PRL, in press
Connecting the Extremes: A Story of Supermassive Black Holes and Ultralight Dark Matter
Creators: name: Davoudiasl, Hooman
name: Denton, Peter B.
name: Gehrlein, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of ultra rare supermassive black holes (SMBHs), with masses of $\mathcal O(10^9\,M_\odot)$, in the first billion years of the Universe remains an open question in astrophysics. At the same time, ultralight dark matter (DM) with mass in the vicinity of $\mathcal O(10^{-20}~\text{eV})$ has been motivated by small scale DM distributions. Though this type of DM is constrained by various astrophysical considerations, certain observations could be pointing to modest evidence for it. We present a model with a confining first order phase transition at $\sim 10$ keV temperatures, facilitating production of $\mathcal O(10^9\,M_\odot)$ primordial SMBHs. Such a phase transition can also naturally lead to the implied mass for a motivated ultralight axion DM candidate, suggesting that SMBHs and ultralight DM may be two sides of the same cosmic coin. We consider constraints and avenues to discovery from superradiance and a modification to $N_{\rm eff}$. On general grounds, we also expect primordial gravitational waves -- from the assumed first order phase transition -- characterized by frequencies of $\mathcal O(10^{-12}-10^{-9}~\text{Hz})$. This frequency regime is largely uncharted, but could be accessible to pulsar timing arrays if the primordial gravitational waves are at the higher end of this frequency range, as could be the case in our assumed confining phase transition.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, comments welcome; v2: matches published version
A baptismal address attributed to Athanasius
Creators: name: Athanasius, Alexandrinus
name: Brock, Sebastian P.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 61 (1977): Oriens christianus, Band 61
Briozoos "Animales musgo"/Bryozoans "Moss Animals"
Creators: name: García, Maryjose
name: Tello-Musi, José Luis
name: Ugalde, Diana
name: Simoes, Nuno
name: Guerra, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity
subject: Bryozoans
subject: Caribbean
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecosystem Ecology
subject: Gulf of Mexico
subject: Marine Biodiversity
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Marine Ecology
subject: Marine Environment
subject: Species diversity

description: This Infographic is a product of BDMY (https://www.bdmy.org.mx) project, that
 was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of
 Mexico Studies, and CONABIO (Mexico).
 The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a
 group of specialists in the taxon.
THE ESTATE TAX PROVISION OF THE 1981 ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT: WHICH FARMERS BENEFIT?
Creators: name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Boehlje, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Political Economy

description: This analysis used simulation to compare the cost of intergenerational transfer of farm estates under the pre-1981 tax rules and the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provisions. ERTA reduces transfer costs for almost all the estates considered. Large estimates tend to benefit more than small estates if they qualify for use valuation or it they are large enough to be affected by the reduction in tax rates. ERTA does not create new forces for change in U.S. agriculture, but it tends to strengthen the tendency toward larger farm size and favor those who already own farm resources.
Supplementary file legends.docx from Factors favouring the evolution of multidrug resistance in bacteria
Creators: name: Eliott Jacopin
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Débarre, Florence
name: Blanquart, François
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The evolution of multidrug antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria is an important public health concern. Commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus, are also opportunistic pathogens causing a large fraction of the community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) makes these infections harder to treat with antibiotics and may thus cause substantial additional morbidity and mortality. Here, we develop an evolutionary epidemiology model to identify the factors favouring the evolution of MDR in commensal bacteria. The model describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a commensal bacterial species evolving in a host population subjected to multiple antibiotic treatments. We combine statistical analysis of a large number of simulations and mathematical analysis to understand the model behaviour. We find that MDR evolves more readily when it is less costly than expected from the combinations of single resistances (negative epistasis). MDR frequently evolves when bacteria are in contact with multiple drugs prescribed in the host population, even if individual hosts are only treated with a single drug at a time. MDR is favoured when the host population is structured in different classes that vary in their rates of antibiotic treatment. However, under most circumstances, recombination between loci involved in resistance does not meaningfully affect the equilibrium frequency of MDR. Together, these results suggest that MDR is a frequent evolutionary outcome in commensal bacteria that encounter the variety of antibiotics prescribed in the host population. A better characterization of the variability in antibiotic use across the host population (e.g. across age classes or geographical location) would help predict which MDR genotypes will most readily evolve.
RISK PERCEPTIONS AND MANAGEMENT RESPONSES: PRODUCER-GENERATED HYPOTHESES FOR RISK MODELING
Creators: name: Patrick, George F.
name: Wilson, Paul N.
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Boggess, William G.
name: Young, Douglas L.
name: Patrick, George F.
name: Wilson, Paul N.
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Boggess, William G.
name: Young, Douglas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Farm level risk analyses have used price and yield variability almost exclusively to represent risk. Results from a survey of 149 agricultural producers in 12 states indicate that producers consider a broader range of sources of variability in their operations. Significant differences exist among categories with respect to the importance of the sources of variability in crop and livestock production. Producers also used a variety of management responses to variability. There were significant difference among categories in the importance given to particular responses and their use of them. These results have implications for research, extension, and policy programs.
The multi-phase ISM in the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy NGC 4945: large (parsecs) scale mechanical heating
Creators: name: Bellocchi, Enrica
name: Martín-Pintado, Jesús
name: Güsten, Rolf
name: Requena-Torres, Miguel Angel
name: Harris, Andrew
name: van der Werf, Paul
name: Israel, Frank
name: Weiss, Axel
name: Kramer, Carsten
name: García-Burillo, Santiago
name: Stutzki, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim at carrying out a comprehensive study of the nearby composite AGN-SB galaxy, NGC 4945, using spectroscopic and photometric data from the Herschel satellite. In particular, we want to characterize the thermal structure in this galaxy by a multi-transitions analysis of the spatial distribution of the 12^CO emission at different spatial scales using HIFI, PACS, SPIRE as well as APEX data. We combined the 12^CO/IR flux ratios and the LTE analysis of the 12^CO images to derive the thermal structure of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) for spatial scales raging from <200 pc to 2 kpc. From the 12^CO analysis we found clear trend in the distribution of the derived temperatures and the 12^CO/IR ratios. It is remarkable that at intermediate scales (360 pc-1 kpc) we see large temperatures in the direction of the X-ray outflow while at smaller scales (<200 pc-360 pc), the highest temperature, derived from the high-J lines, is not found toward the nucleus, but toward the galaxy plane. The thermal structure derived from the 12CO multi-transition analysis suggests that mechanical heating, like shocks or turbulence, dominates the heating of the ISM in the nucleus of NGC 4945 located beyond 100 pc from the center of the galaxy. This result is further supported by the Kazandjian et al. 2015 models, which are able to reproduce the emission observed at high-J (PACS) 12^CO transitions when mechanical heating mechanisms are included. Shocks and/or turbulence are likely produced by the barred potential and the outflow, observed in X-rays.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Influence of the Dirac sea on proton electromagnetic knockout
Creators: name: Kelly, James J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation (RDWIA) to study the effects of negative-energy components of Dirac wave functions on the left-right asymmetry for (e,e'p) reactions on 16-O with 0.2 < Q^2 < 0.8 and 12-C with 0.6 < Q^2 < 1.8 (GeV/c)^2. Spinor distortion is more important for the bound state than for the ejectile and the net effect decreases with Q^2. Spinor distortion breaks Godon equivalence and the data favor the CC2 operator with intermediate coupling to the sea. The left-right asymmetry for Q^2 < 1.2 (GeV/c)^2 is described well by RDWIA calcuations, but at Q^2 = 1.8 (GeV/c)^2 the observed variation with missing momentum is flatter than predicted.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, to be submitted to PRC