cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Imprints of high-density nuclear symmetry energy on the crustal fraction of neutron star moment of inertia
Creators: name: Zhang, Nai-Bo
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy $E_{\rm sym}(ρ)$ remains the most uncertain aspect of the equation of state (EOS) of supradense neutron-rich nucleonic matter. Implications of observational crustal fraction of neutron star (NS) moment of inertia $ΔI/I$ on the $E_{\rm sym}(ρ)$ are examined in the present work, utilizing an isospin-dependent parameterization of NS EOS. We find that symmetry energy parameters significantly influence the $ΔI/I$, while the EOS of symmetric nuclear matter has a negligible effect. An increase in the slope $L$ and skewness $J_{\rm sym}$ of symmetry energy results in a larger $ΔI/I$, whereas an increase in the curvature $K_{\rm sym}$ leads to a reduction in $ΔI/I$. Additionally, we discuss the imprints of observational $ΔI/I$ on the symmetry energy for NSs with masses of 1.0 M$_\odot$ or 1.4 M$_\odot$. Our results indicate that the $ΔI/I$ has the potential to set a lower limit of symmetry energy at densities exceeding $3ρ_0$, particularly when $L$ is constrained to values less than $60$ MeV, thereby enhancing our understanding of supradense NS matter.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, published on Particles
Order parameter symmetries for magnetic and superconducting instabilities: Bethe-Salpeter analysis of functional renormalization-group solutions
Creators: name: Katanin, A. A.
name: Kampf, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bethe-Salpeter equation is combined with the temperature-cutoff functional renormalization group approach to analyze the order parameter structure for the leading instabilities of the 2D t-t' Hubbard model. We find significant deviations from pure s-, d-, or p-wave forms, which is due to the frustration of antiferromagnetism at small and intermediate t'. With adding a direct antiferromagnetic spin-exchange coupling the eigenfunctions in the particle-hole channel have extended s-wave form, while in the particle-particle singlet pairing channel a higher angular momentum component arises besides the standard d-wave symmetry, which flattens the angular dependence of the gap. For t' closer to 1/2 we find a delicate competition of ferromagnetism and triplet pairing with a nontrivial pair-wavefunction.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX
Optimizing Neural Networks via Koopman Operator Theory
Creators: name: Dogra, Akshunna S.
name: Redman, William T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Koopman operator theory, a powerful framework for discovering the underlying dynamics of nonlinear dynamical systems, was recently shown to be intimately connected with neural network training. In this work, we take the first steps in making use of this connection. As Koopman operator theory is a linear theory, a successful implementation of it in evolving network weights and biases offers the promise of accelerated training, especially in the context of deep networks, where optimization is inherently a non-convex problem. We show that Koopman operator theoretic methods allow for accurate predictions of weights and biases of feedforward, fully connected deep networks over a non-trivial range of training time. During this window, we find that our approach is >10x faster than various gradient descent based methods (e.g. Adam, Adadelta, Adagrad), in line with our complexity analysis. We end by highlighting open questions in this exciting intersection between dynamical systems and neural network theory. We highlight additional methods by which our results could be expanded to broader classes of networks and larger training intervals, which shall be the focus of future work.
description: 11 main content pages (7 supplementary pages), 3 main content figures (3 supplementary figures), 2 main content Tables (5 supplementary Tables). 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2020), Vancouver, Canada
Additional file 2 of Genetic colocalization atlas points to common regulatory sites and genes for hematopoietic traits and hematopoietic contributions to disease phenotypes
Creators: name: Thom, Christopher S.
name: Voight, Benjamin F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Colocalization between blood traits with limited genetic relatedness reflects hematopoietic lineage relationships. The 17 traits analyzed were pruned for genetic correlation (rg)
Flat-band ferromagnetism in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Pons, R.
name: Mielke, A.
name: Stauber, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) based on a theorem of flat band ferromagnetism put forward by Mielke and Tasaki. According to this theorem, ferromagnetism occurs if the single particle density matrix of the flat band states is irreducible and we argue that this result can be applied to the quasi-flat bands of TBG that emerge around the charge-neutrality point for twist angles around the magic angle $θ\sim1.05^\circ$. We show that the density matrix is irreducible in this case, thus predicting a ferromagnetic ground state for neutral TBG ($n=0$). We then show that the theorem can also be applied only to the flat conduction or valence bands, if the substrate induces a single-particle gap at charge neutrality. Also in this case, the corresponding density matrix turns out to be irreducible, leading to ferromagnetism at half filling ($n=\pm2$).
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Non-addictive effects in logistic regression
Creators: name: Kazi, Azad Mahbubur Rashid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Logistic regression is commonly used in epidemiology to model the relationship between risk factors and presence/absence of a disease. Usually it is difficult to look for interaction structure (many possible pairwise interactions, for instance) to include in the model. So a model which is additive on the logit scale is fitted. If the number of risk factors is relatively large such an additive relationship may not make good sense. A new logistic regression model is proposed to incorporate non-additive interaction effects. In some scenarios this model might better reflect the relationship between the response variable and the risk factors. The Bayesian approach is followed to fit the model and a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, known as the hybrid algorithm is used to simulate the parameters. We apply the new model to three examples and interpret the parameter estimates. We compare the predictive performance of the new model with that of the step-wise and the ordinary logistic regression models.
Unusual thermoelectric behavior of packed crystalline granular metals
Creators: name: Ausloos, M.
name: Pekala, M.
name: Latuch, J.
name: Mucha, J.
name: Vanderbemden, Ph.
name: Vertruyen, B.
name: Cloots, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loosely packed granular materials are intensively studied nowadays. Electrical and thermal transport properties should reflect the granular structure as well as intrinsic properties. We have compacted crystalline $CaAl$ based metallic grains and studied the electrical resistivity and the thermoelectric power as a function of temperature ($T$) from 15 to 300K. Both properties show three regimes as a function of temperature. It should be pointed out : (i) The electrical resistivity continuously decreases between 15 and 235 K (ii) with various dependences, e.g. $\simeq$ $T^{-3/4}$ at low $T$, while (iii) the thermoelectric power (TEP) is positive, (iv) shows a bump near 60K, and (v) presents a rather unusual square root of temperature dependence at low temperature. It is argued that these three regimes indicate a competition between geometric and thermal processes, - for which a theory seems to be missing in the case of TEP. The microchemical analysis results are also reported indicating a complex microstructure inherent to the phase diagram peritectic intricacies of this binary alloy.
description: to be published in J. Appl. Phys.22 pages, 8 figures
Gen-AI for User Safety: A Survey
Creators: name: Desai, Akshar Prabhu
name: Ravi, Tejasvi
name: Luqman, Mohammad
name: Sharma, Mohit
name: Kota, Nithya
name: Yadav, Pranjul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine Learning and data mining techniques (i.e. supervised and unsupervised techniques) are used across domains to detect user safety violations. Examples include classifiers used to detect whether an email is spam or a web-page is requesting bank login information. However, existing ML/DM classifiers are limited in their ability to understand natural languages w.r.t the context and nuances. The aforementioned challenges are overcome with the arrival of Gen-AI techniques, along with their inherent ability w.r.t translation between languages, fine-tuning between various tasks and domains.
 In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various work done while using Gen-AI techniques w.r.t user safety. In particular, we first provide the various domains (e.g. phishing, malware, content moderation, counterfeit, physical safety) across which Gen-AI techniques have been applied. Next, we provide how Gen-AI techniques can be used in conjunction with various data modalities i.e. text, images, videos, audio, executable binaries to detect violations of user-safety. Further, also provide an overview of how Gen-AI techniques can be used in an adversarial setting. We believe that this work represents the first summarization of Gen-AI techniques for user-safety.
Effect of Reducing Atmosphere on the Magnetism of Zn1-xCoxO Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Naeem, M.
name: Hasanain, S. K.
name: Kobayashi, M.
name: Ishida, Y.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Buzby, Scott
name: Shah, S. Ismat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn1-xCoxO nanoparticles synthesized by heating metal acetates in organic solvent. The nanoparticles were crystallized in wurtzite ZnO structure after annealing in air and in a forming gas (Ar95%+H5%). The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data for different Co content show clear evidence for the Co+2 ions in tetrahedral symmetry, indicating the substitution of Co+2 in ZnO lattice. However samples with x=0.08 and higher cobalt content also indicate the presence of Co metal clusters. Only those samples annealed in the reducing atmosphere of the forming gas, and that showed the presence of oxygen vacancies, exhibited ferromagnetism at room temperature. The air annealed samples remained non-magnetic down to 77K. The essential ingredient in achieving room temperature ferromagnetism in these Zn1-xCoxO nanoparticles was found to be the presence of additional carriers generated by the presence of the oxygen vacancies.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Nanotechnology IOP
Economic Change and Environmental Issues: Policy Reforms and Concerns in Australian Agriculture
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: water use
subject: agriculture
subject: Australia
subject: gmos
subject: Landcare Australia

description: Since the closing years of the 1980s, Australia has adopted structural adjustment policies designed to foster economic liberalism based on the market system. Today, there is little economic protection for Australian agriculture and Australia is a persistent advocate of free international agricultural trade. The natural Australian environment is not very favourable for agriculture because of low and erratic levels of rainfall and poor soils. Scarcity of water in Australia is growing and its use has become a major natural resource issue. Water availability and use of water by Australian agriculture is discussed, its environmental impacts are considered and the scope for using market systems to allocate water effectively are discussed. Other environmental topics considered are water pollution and the use of chemicals in Australian agriculture, land clearing for agriculture and the environmental impact of pastoralism, soil degradation and reliance on genetically modified crops. Landcare Australia, an institutional initiative commenced in 1989 with the aim of promoting land conservation, is also examined. This program involves co-management between government and community groups (mostly of farmers) and community co-operation as a way to promote land conservation. It is not a market-based system. The view is expressed that market mechanisms are inadequate on their own for dealing with many environmental issues raised by agricultural development. Policy-makers need to consider a range of mechanisms, none of which are likely to be perfect.
Additional file 1 of Low temperature CO oxidation by doped cerium oxide electrospun fibers
Creators: name: Myeongseok Sim
name: Buhua Wang
name: Oh, Tae-Sik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. Electrospinning setup. Figure S2. Fe-doped ceria fiber before polymer burn-off (left) and after (right). The polymer-free iron-doped ceria fiber sample (right, Fe30) was one of the many samples used for CO oxidation. Figure S3. a) Undoped ceria before polymer burn-off. b) Co30 sample after polymer burn-off and die pressing. This is the sample microstructure that goes into the CO oxidation reactor. Due to the brittleness of the ceria fiber, long fibers break down to be short fibers. We do not see round-shape particles.
Qrlew: Rewriting SQL into Differentially Private SQL
Creators: name: Grislain, Nicolas
name: Roussel, Paul
name: Agathe, Victoria de Sainte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces Qrlew, an open source library that can parse SQL queries into Relations -- an intermediate representation -- that keeps track of rich data types, value ranges, and row ownership; so that they can easily be rewritten into differentially-private equivalent and turned back into SQL queries for execution in a variety of standard data stores.
 With Qrlew, a data practitioner can express their data queries in standard SQL; the data owner can run the rewritten query without any technical integration and with strong privacy guarantees on the output; and the query rewriting can be operated by a privacy-expert who must be trusted by the owner, but may belong to a separate organization.
The general relativistic MHD dynamo equation
Creators: name: Marklund, Mattias
name: Clarkson, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetohydrodynamic dynamo equation is derived within general relativity, using the covariant 1+3 approach, for a plasma with finite electric conductivity. This formalism allows for a clear division and interpretation of plasma and gravitational effects, and we have not restricted to a particular spacetime geometry. The results should be of interest in astrophysics and cosmology, and the formulation is well suited to gauge invariant perturbation theory. Moreover, the dynamo equation is presented in some specific limits. In particular, we consider the interaction of gravitational waves with magnetic fields, and present results for the evolution of the linearly growing electromagnetic induction field, as well as the diffusive damping of these fields.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, minor changes and corrected typos, added references compared to v1, version to appear in MNRAS
Institutional Economics and the Behaviour of Conservation Organizations: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Institutional Economics
subject: NGOs
subject: Non-government conservation
subject: organizations
subject: biodiversity conservation.

description: This article draws mostly on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow the diversity of species supported for conservation. It also considers generally how the social role of conservation NGOs should be assessed.
2-D materials for ultra-scaled field-effect transistors: hundred candidates under the ab initio microscope
Creators: name: Klinkert, Cedric
name: Szabó, Áron
name: Stieger, Christian
name: Campi, Davide
name: Marzari, Nicola
name: Luisier, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to their unique properties single-layer 2-D materials appear as excellent candidates to extend Moore's scaling law beyond the currently manufactured silicon FinFETs. However, the known 2-D semiconducting components, essentially transition metal dichalcogenides, are still far from delivering the expected performance. Based on a recent theoretical study that predicts the existence of more than 1,800 exfoliable 2-D materials, we investigate here the 100 most promising contenders for logic applications. Their "current vs. voltage" characteristics are simulated from first-principles, combining density-functional theory and advanced quantum transport calculations. Both n- and p-type configurations are considered, with gate lengths ranging from 15 down to 5 nm. From this unprecedented collection of electronic materials, we identify 13 compounds with electron and hole currents potentially much higher than in future Si FinFETs. The resulting database widely expands the design space of 2-D transistors and provides original guidelines to the materials and device engineering community.
Human Arm Pose Estimation with a Shoulder-worn Force-Myography Device for Human-Robot Interaction
Creators: name: Atari, Rotem
name: Bamani, Eran
name: Sintov, Avishai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate human pose estimation is essential for effective Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). By observing a user's arm movements, robots can respond appropriately, whether it's providing assistance or avoiding collisions. While visual perception offers potential for human pose estimation, it can be hindered by factors like poor lighting or occlusions. Additionally, wearable inertial sensors, though useful, require frequent calibration as they do not provide absolute position information. Force-myography (FMG) is an alternative approach where muscle perturbations are externally measured. It has been used to observe finger movements, but its application to full arm state estimation is unexplored. In this letter, we investigate the use of a wearable FMG device that can observe the state of the human arm for real-time applications of HRI. We propose a Transformer-based model to map FMG measurements from the shoulder of the user to the physical pose of the arm. The model is also shown to be transferable to other users with limited decline in accuracy. Through real-world experiments with a robotic arm, we demonstrate collision avoidance without relying on visual perception.
Poverty, Poverty Reforms for Resource-use and Economic Efficiency: Neglected Issues
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Adjustment to policy change
subject: agricultural policy
subject: Asia
subject: economic efficiencies
subject: institutionalism
subject: market reforms
subject: natural resource policies
subject: poverty.

description: It is widely believed that in developing countries, open-access to natural resources, inadequate private property rights, and lack of development of market systems adds to the incidence of poverty. Increased economic efficiency is seen as a powerful force for reducing the extent of poverty in developing countries in the long run. While this may be so, it ignores the depth and incidence of poverty that can be generated during adjustments to policy reforms. This possibility constrains policy choices as is shown theoretically for natural resource policies and for agricultural adjustment policies giving Asian examples. Social, behavioral and institutional features are also considered that may result in poverty lock-in of some groups. It is essential to consider dynamic processes and not to rely solely on comparative statics when assessing economic policies to reduce poverty and increase economic efficiency. It is also important to take into account institutional constraints on policy choices.
About detecting very low mass black holes in LAr detectors
Creators: name: Lazanu, Ionel
name: Lazanu, Sorina
name: Pârvu, Mihaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of dark matter is still an open problem. The simplest assumption is that gravity is the only force coupled certainly to dark matter and thus the micro black holes could be a viable candidate. We investigated the possibility of direct detection of micro black holes with masses around and upward the Planck scale (10$^{-5}$ g), ensuring classical gravitational treatment of these objects in the next generation of huge LAr detectors. We show that the signals (ionization and scintillation) produced in LAr enable the discrimination between micro black holes or other particles. It is expected that the trajectories of these micro black holes will appear as crossing the whole active medium, in any direction, producing uniform ionization and scintillation on all the path.
description: substantially improved version
Time-dependent radiative heat flux after the beginning of thermal radiation
Creators: name: Asheichyk, Kiryl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theoretical formalism for time-dependent radiative heat flux from one object to another in the case where the former starts radiating at a certain time. The time dependence is demonstrated for the heat flux between two isolated nanoparticles. After one particle starts radiating, the emitted energy first reaches the other one with a delay according to electromagnetic retardation, and afterwards the flux exhibits oscillatory exponential relaxation to its stationary value. For the room- or higher-temperature radiation, the oscillation period and relaxation time are determined by the resonance frequency and damping rate of the particle polarizability, respectively, being equal to dozens of femtoseconds and one picosecond for silicon carbide particles. At cryogenic temperatures, the relaxation time depends on the thermal wavelength.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures. Changes compared to v1: the title is changed; the discussion about mathematical structure of FDT for the fluctuating current is added; Introduction and Conclusions are rewritten; typos In Eqs. (41) and (D16) are corrected; typo in the expression after Eq. (31) is corrected; minor corrections for some references; minor changes in the text
Ferromagnetic Semiconductors: Moving Beyond (Ga,Mn)As
Creators: name: MacDonald, A. H.
name: Schiffer, P.
name: Samarth, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent development of MBE techniques for growth of III-V ferromagnetic semiconductors has created materials with exceptional promise in spintronics, i.e. electronics that exploit carrier spin polarization. Among the most carefully studied of these materials is (Ga,Mn)As, in which meticulous optimization of growth techniques has led to reproducible materials properties and ferromagnetic transition temperatures well above 150 K. We review progress in the understanding of this particular material and efforts to address ferromagnetic semiconductors as a class. We then discuss proposals for how these materials might find applications in spintronics. Finally, we propose criteria that can be used to judge the potential utility of newly discovered ferromagnetic semiconductors, and we suggest guidelines that may be helpful in shaping the search for the ideal material.
description: 37 pages, 4 figures
Are GRB shocks mediated by the Weibel instability?
Creators: name: Lyubarsky, Yuri
name: Eichler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is estimated that the Weibel instability is not generally an effective mechanism for generating ultrarelativistic astrophysical shocks. Even if the upstream magnetic field is as low as in the interstellar medium, the shock is mediated not by the Weibel instability but by the Larmor rotation of protons in the background magnetic field. Future simulations should be able to verify or falsify our conclusion.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Putative alternative translation start site-encoding nucleotides of CPR5 regulate growth and resistance
Creators: name: Faisal, Muhammad B.
name: Gechev, Tsanko S.
name: Mueller-Roeber, Bernd
name: Dijkwel, Paul P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1: Positions of putative translation start sites and RNA stem-loop structures. Figure S2: Sequence comparison and positions of primers used for real-time qRT-PCR quantifications. Figure S3: Area of abaxial epidermal pavement cells. Table S1: List of primers.
The State of the Environment and the Availability of Natural Resources
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: microeconomics
subject: natural resources policies
subject: macro-environmental relationships

description: This is a draft chapter for K. Hartley and C. Tisdell, Microeconomic Policy, Second Edition. It is designed to illustrate how microeconomics can be applied to the analysis of issues involving the environment and the availability of natural resources and policies to address these issues. It outlines the micro-basis of a number of macro-environmental relationships, considers environmental externalities and their regulation, analyses some environmental relationships involving public goods or public bads, introduces the concept of total economic value and discusses the consequences of open-access and common property resources and policies to control their use.
Astymachus exilis Prinsloo 1989
Creators: name: Noyes, John S.
name: Higashiura, Yoshimitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Astymachus
Astymachus exilis

description: 2. Astymachus exilis Prinsloo
 Astymachus exilis Prinsloo, 1989: 130 – 132. Holotype ♀, South Africa, PPRI, not examined.
 Diagnosis. Female. Length, excluding ovipositor, 1.3 mm. Head generally pale yellow, gena suffused brown, antenna brown, legs pale yellow, remainder of body brown but dorsum of thorax with a pale yellow median stripe; fore wing generally hyaline with a small infuscate spot below marginal vein; palp formula 4 – 2; antenna with F1 – F5 transverse, F6 largest, only F6 with linear sensilla; clava 2-segmented; scutellum with about 10 setae; wings not shortened, reaching well past cercal plates, fore wing about 3.3× as long as broad; marginal vein not appearing to reach anterior wing margin and shorter than stigmal vein; ovipositor about 2.3× mid tibia and 2× gonostylus. Male. Unknown.
 Biology. Unknown.
 Distribution. South Africa (Limpopo Province).
 Material examined. None.
 Comments. Females of this species can be recognised because of the largely brown body.
description: Published as part of Noyes, John S. & Higashiura, Yoshimitsu, 2020, The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae) ı with descriptions of three new species, pp. 665-679 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 669, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1747654, http://zenodo.org/record/4290415
Traffic Delay Reduction at Highway Diverges Using an Advance Warning System Based on a Probabilistic Prediction Model
Creators: name: Mehr, Goodarz
name: Eskandarian, Azim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents an on-board advance warning system for vehicles based on a probabilistic prediction model that advises them on when to change lanes to reach a highway diverge on time. The system is based on a model that estimates the probability of reaching a goal state on the road using one or multiple lane changes. This estimate is based on several traffic-related parameters such as the distribution of inter-vehicle headway distances as well as driver-related parameters like lane change duration. For an upcoming diverge, the advance warning system uses the model to continuously calculate the probability of reaching it and advise the driver to change lanes when the probability dips below a certain threshold. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system in reducing traffic delay at highway diverges, it was used on a segment of a four-lane highway to advise vehicles taking an off-ramp on when to change lanes. Results show that using the proposed system reduces average delay up to 6% and maximum delay up to 16%, depending on traffic flow and the ratio of vehicles taking the off-ramp.
description: Removed IET formatting. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2007.14232
Galaxy mergers with various mass ratios: properties of remnants
Creators: name: Bournaud, F.
name: Jog, C. J.
name: Combes, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study galaxy mergers with various mass ratios using N-body simulations, with an emphasis on the unequal-mass mergers in the relatively unexplored range of mass-ratios 4:1-10:1. Our recent work (Bournaud et al. 2004) shows that the above range of mass ratio results in hybrid systems with spiral-like luminosity profiles but with elliptical-like kinematics, as observed in the data analysis for a sample of mergers by Jog & Chitre (2002). In this paper, we study the merger-remnants for mass ratios from 1:1 to 10:1 while systematically covering the parameter space. We obtain the morphological and kinematical properties of the remnants, and also discuss the robustness and the visibility of disks in the merger remnants with a random line-of-sight. We show that the mass ratios 1:1-3:1 give rise to elliptical remnants whereas the mass ratios 4.5:1-10:1 produce the hybrid systems with mixed properties. We find that the transition between disk-like and elliptical remnants occurs between a narrow mass-range of 4.5:1-3:1. The unequal-mass mergers are more likely to occur than the standard equal-mass mergers studied in the literature so far, and we discuss their implications for the evolution of galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics - final version after language edition
Commissioning An All-Sky Infrared Camera Array for Detection Of Airborne Objects
Creators: name: Dominé, Laura
name: Biswas, Ankit
name: Cloete, Richard
name: Delacroix, Alex
name: Fedorenko, Andriy
name: Jacaruso, Lucas
name: Kelderman, Ezra
name: Keto, Eric
name: Little, Sarah
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Masson, Eric
name: Prior, Mike
name: Schultz, Forrest
name: Szenher, Matthew
name: Watters, Wes
name: White, Abby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: To date there is little publicly available scientific data on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) whose properties and kinematics purportedly reside outside the performance envelope of known phenomena. To address this deficiency, the Galileo Project is designing, building, and commissioning a multi-modal ground-based observatory to continuously monitor the sky and conduct a rigorous long-term aerial census of all aerial phenomena, including natural and human-made. One of the key instruments is an all-sky infrared camera array using eight uncooled long-wave infrared FLIR Boson 640 cameras. Their calibration includes a novel extrinsic calibration method using airplane positions from Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data. We establish a first baseline for the system performance over five months of field operation, using a real-world dataset derived from ADS-B data, synthetic 3-D trajectories, and a hand-labelled real-world dataset. We report acceptance rates (e.g. viewable airplanes that are recorded) and detection efficiencies (e.g. recorded airplanes which are successfully detected) for a variety of weather conditions, range and aircraft size. We reconstruct $\sim$500,000 trajectories of aerial objects from this commissioning period. A toy outlier search focused on large sinuosity of the 2-D reconstructed trajectories flags about 16% of trajectories as outliers. After manual review, 144 trajectories remain ambiguous: they are likely mundane objects but cannot be elucidated at this stage of development without distance and kinematics estimation or other sensor modalities. Our observed count of ambiguous outliers combined with systematic uncertainties yields an upper limit of 18,271 outliers count for the five-month interval at a 95% confidence level. This likelihood-based method to evaluate significance is applicable to all of our future outlier searches.
Defective transport properties of three-terminal carbon nanotube junctions
Creators: name: del Valle, Miriam
name: Tejedor, Carlos
name: Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transport properties of three terminal carbon based nanojunctions within the scattering matrix approach. The stability of such junctions is subordinated to the presence of nonhexagonal arrangements in the molecular network. Such "defective" arrangements do influence the resulting quantum transport observables, as a consequence of the possibility of acting as pinning centers of the correspondent wavefunction. By investigating a fairly wide class of junctions we have found regular mutual dependencies between such localized states at the carbon network and a strikingly behavior of the conductance. In particular, we have shown that Fano resonances emerge as a natural result of the interference between defective states and the extended continuum background. As a consequence, the currents through the junctions hitting these resonant states might experience variations on a relevant scale with current modulations of up to 75%.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
"slha.tar.gz" of "Search for supersymmetry in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2012

description: Link to the SLHA files
description: CERN-LHC. Study of final states with exactly 3 leptons (muons or electrons) and missing transverse momentum produced in proton proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using a data sample of total integrated luminosity of 2.06 fb-1 collected between March and August 2011. In a search for weak production of charginos and neutralinos the data are interpreted in the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric SM (pMSSM) model and in simplified models. See the text of the paper for details. The basic event selection requires exactly three leptons (electrons or muons) containg a Same Flavour Opposite Sign (SFOS) lepton pair and missing transverse energy > 50 GeV. In addition signal region SR1 (Z-depleted) has a veto on Z candidates and a veto on B-jets, and signal region SR2 (Z-enriched) requires a Z candidate This record tabulated the 1D event variable histograms and a variety of other 2D data such as acceptance and efficiency and cross section limits. Also given is a link to the SLHA files from the analyses.
Checkerboard patterns in the t-J model
Creators: name: White, Steven R.
name: Scalapino, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the density matrix renormalization group, we study the possibility of real space checkerboard patterns arising as the ground states of the t-J model. We find that checkerboards with a commensurate (pi,pi) background are not low energy states and can only be stabilized with large external potentials. However, we find that striped states with charge density waves along the stripes can form approximate checkerboard patterns. These states can be stabilized with a very weak external field aligning and pinning the CDWs on different stripes.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Asset-based community development for health promotion in culturally defined communities
Creators: name: Stevens, Sara Kimi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: As our understanding of the broader determinants of health such as socioeconomic status and the social environment has matured, community development has emerged as a possible health promotion strategy. This thesis explores Kretzmann and McKnight's asset-based community development (ABCD) (Kretzmann & McKnight, 1993), a strengths based community development strategy, as a potential method of promoting health in culturally defined communities. The specific research question is: Is ABCD a suitable strategy for promoting health in culturally defined communities? Where a "suitable strategy": reflects health promotion and population health research; addresses the specific challenges associated with promoting health in culturally defined communities; and, is of practical use in terms of helping communities identify their health issues, develop plans to address these issues, implement these plans, and evaluate the plans. Together, these three "suitability dimensions" incorporate both theoretical and practical expectations. The evaluation is accomplished through a cross-disciplinary literature review, individual interviews, and a focus group with key informants who are knowledgeable of health promotion issues in Vancouver's Chinese communities. The information gathered through these interviews and the focus group is incorporated into the thesis as a small case study of ABCD's potential in Chinatown/Strathcona and Richmond Chinese communities. This evaluation suggests that on balance ABCD may be an appropriate approach for promoting health in culturally defined communities. Although the strategy lacks clear direction in terms of evaluation processes, may not help communities identify their health issues, and faces several challenges associated with power imbalances, these weaknesses are outweighed by its strengths, which are its focus on assets, emphasis on community empowerment, and reflection of the socio-ecological approach to health. For these same reasons, ABCD also shows potential as a health promotion strategy in both Chinatown/Strathcona and Richmond Chinese communities. While these conclusions are favourable, further research on evaluation of community-based health promotion programs and on health issues in culturally defined communities would improve ABCD's suitability as a health promotion strategy.
Design and Evaluation of a Socially Assistive Robot Schoolwork Companion for College Students with ADHD
Creators: name: O'Connell, Amy
name: Banga, Ashveen
name: Ayissi, Jennifer
name: Yaminrafie, Nikki
name: Ko, Ellen
name: Le, Andrew
name: Cislowski, Bailey
name: Matarić, Maja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: College students with ADHD respond positively to simple socially assistive robots (SARs) that monitor attention and provide non-verbal feedback, but studies have been done only in brief in-lab sessions. We present an initial design and evaluation of an in-dorm SAR study companion for college students with ADHD. This work represents the introductory stages of an ongoing user-centered, participatory design process. In a three-week within-subjects user study, university students (N=11) with self-reported symptoms of adult ADHD had a SAR study companion in their dorm room for two weeks and a computer-based system for one week. Toward developing SARs for long-term, in-dorm use, we focus on 1) evaluating the usability and desire for SAR study companions by college students with ADHD and 2) collecting participant feedback about the SAR design and functionality. Participants responded positively to the robot; after one week of regular use, 91% (10 of 11) chose to continue using the robot voluntarily in the second week.
Naturalness in emergent spacetime
Creators: name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Visser, Matt
name: Weinfurtner, Silke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective field theories (EFTs) have been widely used as a framework in order to place constraints on the Planck suppressed Lorentz violations predicted by various models of quantum gravity. There are however technical problems in the EFT framework when it comes to ensuring that small Lorentz violations remain small -- this is the essence of the "naturalness" problem. Herein we present an "emergent" space-time model, based on the "analogue gravity'' programme, by investigating a specific condensed-matter system that is in principle capable of simulating the salient features of an EFT framework with Lorentz violations. Specifically, we consider the class of two-component BECs subject to laser-induced transitions between the components, and we show that this model is an example for Lorentz invariance violation due to ultraviolet physics. Furthermore our model explicitly avoids the "naturalness problem", and makes specific suggestions regarding how to construct a physically reasonable quantum gravity phenomenology.
description: V1:4 pages, revtex4; V2: slight changes in title, presentation, and conclusions. This version to appear in Physical Review Letters
Day of the week submission effect for accepted papers in Physica A, PLOS ONE, Nature and Cell
Creators: name: Boja, Catalin Emilian
name: Herteliu, Claudiu
name: Dardala, Marian
name: Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62-07

description: The particular day of the week when an event occurs seems to have unexpected consequences. For example, the day of the week when a paper is submitted to a peer reviewed journal correlates with whether that paper is accepted. Using an econometric analysis (a mix of log-log and semi-log based on undated and panel structured data) we find that more papers are submitted to certain peer review journals on particular weekdays than others, with fewer papers being submitted on weekends. Seasonal effects, geographical information as well as potential changes over time are examined. This finding rests on a large (178 000) and reliable sample; the journals polled are broadly recognized (Nature, Cell, PLOS ONE and Physica A). Day of the week effect in the submission of accepted papers should be of interest to many researchers, editors and publishers, and perhaps also to managers and psychologists.
description: 113 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables, 42 references, 4 SI figures, 3 SI tables, 4 SI sections
Radiative corrections to one- and two-meson tau decays for precise new physics tests
Creators: name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the radiative corrections to the $τ\to P (P) ν_τ[γ]$ decays and their implications for several SM tests: lepton universality, CKM unitarity and non-standard interactions.
description: 6 pages, 2 tables and no figures. Contribution to the proceedings of QNP2024 - The 10th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics, to be published in Proceedings of Science