cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 3 of A randomised controlled trial of non-invasive ventilation compared with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Barrett, Nicholas A.
name: Hart, Nicholas
name: Daly, Kathleen J. R.
name: Marotti, Martina
name: Kostakou, Eirini
name: Carlin, Chris
name: Lua, Stephanie
name: Singh, Suveer
name: Bentley, Andrew
name: Douiri, Abdel
name: Camporota, Luigi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3. Additional tables.
IN03169 Vessagiri Rock B Inscription 3
Creators: name: Paranavitana, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: IN03169
Epigraphia Zeylanica
Vessagiri

description: IN03169 Vessagiri Rock B Inscription 3 - Transcript and Translation Source: Paranavitana, S. (1934–41). ‘No. 15. Four Rock-Inscriptions from Vessagiriya at Anurādhapura,’ Epigraphia Zeylanica 4, pp. 128–136.
Understanding Cattle Behavior Makes Handling Easier
Creators: name: Grandin, Temple
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Cattle are visual animals that are motivated by fear. In the wild they are ever vigilant and any novel sight or sound is perceived as a possible danger. Their ears are more sensitive to high pitched noise than human ears and their wide angle vision enables them to scan the horizon for predators while they are grazing. Novelty can be both fear inducing and attractive. Calm cattle in a corral will approach and sniff a paper cup on the ground, but that same cup will cause them to balk and turn back if one attempts to force the animals to walk over it. Cattle are most likely to panic when they are suddenly confronted with a novel sight or sound.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Cowchips$
Creators: name: Basarab, John A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Cow-calf production in Alberta is based on 2.6 million cows and bred heifers on approximately 30,000 farms and ranches. Typically these operations are mixed beef and grain with over 90% raising cattle for commercial beef production rather than for seedstock. Over 99% are spring calving with multi-sire breeding pastures and weaning in September through November. Genetic improvement in commercial herds typically occurs through the purchase of superior sires. Most managers keep only herd records and minimal financial records. Ten to 20% of commercial cow-calf managers and approximately 2000 seedstock producers keep more detailed individual cow and financial records. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Cowchip$ by analysing four years (1992 to 1995) of records from a spring calving, commercial cow-calf herd. Several of the more useful reports generated by the program as well as the scientific rationale behind these reports will be presented.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Primary-care-based episodes of care and their costs in a three-month follow-up in Finland
Creators: name: J. Heinonen
name: T.H. Koskela
name: E. Soini
name: O.P. Ryynänen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Science Policy
Cancer
Biological Sciences
Cell Biology
Medicine

description: Objective To explore patient characteristics, resource use, and costs related to different episodes of care (EOC) in Finnish health care.Design Data were collected during a three-month prospective, non-randomized follow-up study (Effective Health Centre) using questionnaires and an electronic health record.Setting Three primary health care practices in Pirkanmaa, Finland.Subjects Altogether 622 patients were recruited during a one-week period. Inclusion criteria: the patient had a doctor’s or nurse’s appointment on the recruiting day and agreed to participate. Exclusion criteria: patients visiting a specialized health guidance clinic for pregnant women, children, and mothers.Main outcome measures Patient characteristics, resource use, and costs based on the ICPC-2 EOC classification.Results On average, the patients had 1.22 EOCs during the three months. Patient characteristics and resource use differed between the EOC chapters. Chapter L, “Musculoskeletal”, had the most episodes (17%). The most common (8%) single EOC was “upper respiratory infection”. The mean cost of an episode (COE) was €389.56 (standard error 61.11) and the median COE was €165.00 (interquartile range €118.46–288.56) during the three-month follow-up. The most expensive chapter was K, “Circulatory”, with a mean COE of €909.85. The most expensive single COE was in chapter K, €32 545.56. The most expensive 1% of the COEs summed up covered 36% of the total COEs.Conclusion Patient characteristics, resource use, and costs differed between the ICPC-2 chapters, which could be taken into account in service planning and pricing. Future studies should incorporate more specific diagnoses, larger data sets, and longer follow-up times.Key pointsThe most common episodes were under the ICPC-2 “Musculoskeletal” chapter, but the highest mean and single-episode costs were related to the “Circulatory” chapter.The mean (median) cost of episodes that started in primary care was €390 (€165) during the three-month follow-up.Patient characteristics, resource use, and costs differed significantly between the ICPC-2 chapters. The most expensive 1% of the episodes covered 36% of the total costs of all the episodes.
Assessment of two devices for measuring tympanic membrane temperature in swine, dairy cattle, and dairy calves
Creators: name: Myers, M. J.
name: Henderson, M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: We compared tympanic membrane temperature readings obtained by 2 commercially available devices with rectal temperature readings obtained with a standard mercury thermometer in dairy cattle, dairy calves, and swine. Full article published in Journal American Veterinary Medical Association (1996); 208, 1700-1701
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Cowboys and Computers...
Creators: name: Lowe, James D.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: I'm going to give you some personal background that may seem irrelevant to herd management software, but I do so to help you understand the roots of Cow Sense. This software tool was born not of a need to manage pedigrees, registrations, and breed association work; not of an academic desire to gather herd performance data and compare Joe's herd to Sally's; not even with intent to sell a tool that would help others manage their own beef herds. Cow Sense was born of my own need and interest in having a tool that would help me evaluate and develop my herd so that I could survive the times and create a quality herd as quickly as possible. Launching a Sandhills ranching operation in 1980 was a big change in my life. From a business standpoint, our timing was incredibly bad: skyrocketing interest rates, plummeting land values, and volatile cattle prices forced us to exercise all our management skills and develop new ones. The environment was completely new to me ( though my Dad and Granddad had both spent time in the Sandhills), and practices that worked well in rich Minnesota soils had to be discarded and quickly replaced with ones appropriate for the fragile Sandhills. I had spent some time in college, then worked in applied social research, and skills I had learned during that period seemed to have no direct application in my new life. At the time, I had no vision of how it might all come together down the road. I was too busy learning and applying what I needed to make that ranch work. When I came to the Sandhills, I had never been involved with a cow/calf enterprise, and had no preconceptions about how to do it. I. wasn't a cowboy, but I was building a cow herd from scratch. I depended heavily on ideas and advice from others, but all that got mixed with my own background and analytic interests. I did things a little bit differently on our ranch than most. Part of that difference was tracking the individual performance of each cow on a personal computer, analyzing the data with various tools, then culling and selecting replacements based on that information. In 1984 I did not find software tools to help me do that, so I began building them. That was the inception of Cow Sense. Since my first release of a commercial software product in September, 1993, I have devoted a lot of time to Cow Sense and developing a package that I could distribute reliably and widely. My commitment to Cow Sense has since led me to sell the ranch and devote myself to advancing the product and building our software business. With a stable and well-received product, we are now turning our attention to enhancements, new features, and better performance. (I say "we" because I now have associates in this enterprise.) So, let me first tell you what Cow Sense does now, and then I will describe some of our plans for the future.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
The TLRR II – Providing Digital Infrastructure to Research Roman Republican Trials
Creators: name: Jahn, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Digital Classics Online
Year: 2016

description: The project Trials in the Late Roman Republic II (TLRR II) aims at collecting, organizing, and analyzing information about Roman legal cases in an XML database. M. Alexander published the book “Trials in the Late Roman Republic, 149 BC to 50 BC” (TLRR I) in 1990, and initiated the current project that will make Roman republican trials easily accessible with modern technology. For each case a short description is provided, a clear distinction between assumptions and facts is made, and an updated bibliography can be found at the end of each entry. The open access database can serve both as a reference work and as a starting point for further research in Roman Republican history. It could be a connecting link within the developing digital infrastructure for that era.
description: Digital Classics Online, Bd. 2,3 (2016)
Additional file 1 of Lack of an association between dietary patterns and adiposity among primary school children in Kilimanjaro Tanzania
Creators: name: Mosha, Mary Vincent
name: Paulo, Heavenlight A.
name: Msuya, Sia E.
name: Grosskurth, Heiner
name: Filteau, Suzanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
An Efficient and Convenient Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New Tetracyclic 1,4-Benzothiazines
Creators: name: Satbir Mor
name: Nagoria, Savita
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Medicine
subject: Biochemistry

description: In present study, a series of twenty new tetracyclic 1,4-benzothiazines (4a–4t) was conveniently synthesized in high yields and characterized by employing different spectral and physical techniques. The in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of the synthesized benzothiazine derivatives was performed by serial dilution technique against four bacterial strains, i.e., two Gram-positive bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 6880) and two Gram-negative bacteria viz. Escherichia coli (MTCC 1652) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), and two fungal strains viz. Candida albicans (MTCC 227) and Aspergillus niger (MTCC 8189). The derivatives 4l and 4t were found to be more potent than standard drug, i.e., Fluconazole against A. niger and C. albicans, respectively.
Immunology of Bovine Pestivirus Infection
Creators: name: McVey, D. Scott
name: Reddy, Sudhir K.
name: Frossard, J. P.
name: Minocha, Harish
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: The bovine pestiviruses (here referred to as bovine viral diarrhea viruses-BVDV) cause three types of disease: bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), mucosal disease (MD) or fetal disease (FD). In each case, the immune system of the host responds in a characteristic fashion (Nettleton and Entrican, 1995).
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Preferential sites for arterial blood sampling in cattle
Creators: name: Muylle, S.
name: Anthone, P.
name: Simoens, P.
name: Lauwers, H.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and reliability of different methods for obtaining samples of arterial blood from calves and adult dairy cows.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Additional file 1 of Lung tissue shows divergent gene expression between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Creators: name: Ghosh, Auyon J.
name: Hobbs, Brian D.
name: Yun, Jeong H.
name: Saferali, Aabida
name: Moll, Matthew
name: Xu, Zhonghui
name: Chase, Robert P.
name: Morrow, Jarrett
name: Ziniti, John
name: Sciurba, Frank
name: Barwick, Lucas
name: Limper, Andrew H.
name: Flaherty, Kevin
name: Criner, Gerard
name: Brown, Kevin K.
name: Wise, Robert
name: Martinez, Fernando J.
name: McGoldrick, Daniel
name: Cho, Michael H.
name: DeMeo, Dawn L.
name: Silverman, Edwin K.
name: Castaldi, Peter J.
name: Hersh, Craig P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary methods and results.
Pharmacology of Bovine Respiratory Disease
Creators: name: Apley, Mike
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Rational selection of antimicrobials involves working through an information overload. Spectrum, laboratory sensitivity data, clinical trial data, tissue tolerance, possibility of synergism or antagonism with another antimicrobial, route and frequency of administration, withdrawal time, cost, and label vs. extra-label use must be considered. This paper includes suggestions for evaluating some of these areas, with an emphasis on comparing and contrasting the aminoglycosides with other selected antimicrobials. Evaluation of using characteristics of antimicrobials to guide drug selection is the main focus of this paper. The evaluation of clinical trials for antimicrobial selection is not addressed, but should be included in the final selection decision.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Leiocarpin A via (-)-(S)-Goniothalamin Employing Julia-Kocienski Olefination
Creators: name: P. K. Dubey
name: Meruva Suresh Babu
name: Raghavendra Rao Kamaraju
name: Aaseef Mohammed
name: Vilas H. Dahanukar
name: Syam Kumar, U.K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: A concise and enantioselective syntheses of antileukemic natural products such as (-)-(S)-goniothalamin and (-)-leiocarpin A has been accomplished in excellent yields. By employing reported conditions on suitable substrates via Julia-Kocienski olefination, intramolecular lactonization and subsequently dehydroxylative olefination synthesized (-)-(S)-goniothalamin. Then Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation-intramolecular Michael addition on (-)-(S)-goniothalamin provided (-)-leiocarpin A.
The dispersal of Culicoides brevitarsis in eastern New South Wales and associations with the occurrences of arbovirus infections in cattle
Creators: name: Bishop, A. L.
name: Kirkland, P. D.
name: McKenzie, H. J.
name: Barchia, I. M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Distributions of the vector Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) (determined from light trap data) and 2 arboviruses (determined from seroconversions in sentinel cattle) were studied in eastern New South Wales in 1993-94. Full article published in Veterinary Record (1996); 73, 174-178
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Additional file 1 of Barriers and facilitators to infection prevention and control in Dutch psychiatric institutions: a theory-informed qualitative study
Creators: name: Houben, Famke
name: van Hensbergen, Mitch
name: den Heijer, Casper D. J.
name: Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole H. T. M.
name: Hoebe, Christian J. P. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklist.
Additional file 2 of Barriers and facilitators to infection prevention and control in Dutch psychiatric institutions: a theory-informed qualitative study
Creators: name: Houben, Famke
name: van Hensbergen, Mitch
name: den Heijer, Casper D. J.
name: Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole H. T. M.
name: Hoebe, Christian J. P. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Interview topic guide.
An Automated Approach to Syntax-based Analysis of Classical Latin
Creators: name: Field, Anjalie
Publisher: name: Digital Classics Online
Year: 2016

description: The goal of this study is to present an automated method for analyzing the style of Latin authors. Many of the common automated methods in stylistic analysis are based on lexical measures, which do not work well with Latin because of the language’s high degree of inflection and free word order. In contrast, this study focuses on analysis at a syntax level by examining two constructions, the ablative absolute and the cum clause. These constructions are often interchangeable, which suggests an author’s choice of construction is typically more stylistic than functional. We first identified these constructions in hand-annotated texts. Next we developed a method for identifying the constructions in unannotated texts, using probabilistic morphological tagging. Our methods identified constructions with enough accuracy to distinguish among different genres and different authors. In particular, we were able to determine which book of Caesar’s Commentarii de Bello Gallico was not written by Caesar. Furthermore, the usage of ablative absolutes and cum clauses observed in this study is consistent with the usage scholars have observed when analyzing these texts by hand. The proposed methods for an automatic syntax-based analysis are shown to be valuable for the study of classical literature.
description: Digital Classics Online, Bd. 2,3 (2016)
Therapeutic Strategies for Contagious and Non-contagious Mastitis
Creators: name: Guterbock, Walter M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: In recent years veterinarians and dairymen have reevaluated the advisability of treating clinical mastitis with antibiotics in herds where most of the clinical mastitis is caused by environmental pathogens. Most of the commercial antibiotic products available in the United States were tested against subclinical infections with contagious pathogens. A review of the current literature shows that antibiotics generally make no difference in the outcome of gram-negative intramammary infections. In gram-positive infections, the benefit of antibiotics depends on the pathogen. Streptococcus agalactiae infections respond well to therapy with any of the intramammary preparations available in the US. Staphylococcus aureus infections are generally refractory to antibiotic therapy according to the labels of the commercial tubes. The success of treatment may be increased by using antibiotics in conjunction with parenteral antibiotics or for longer durations than on the label. Coagulase-negative staphylococci generally cause mild mastitis in which antibiotic therapy makes little difference. The environmental streptococci are emerging as important and tough pathogens. Antibiotic therapy increases the success rate of treatment and may help prevent relapses and chronicity, but. more research is needed in this area. No one protocol for treatment of clinical mastitis can be applied to all farms. Recommendations should be based on analysis of bulk tank and clinical samples and of the milking and management practices on the farm. Since clinical judgment and extralabel use of drugs is generally involved, the knowledge and advice of the veterinarian are essential in developing and evaluating treatment protocols. A suggested protocol for use in large herds that have little or no contagious mastitis will be presented.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Additional file 3 of Barriers and facilitators to infection prevention and control in Dutch psychiatric institutions: a theory-informed qualitative study
Creators: name: Houben, Famke
name: van Hensbergen, Mitch
name: den Heijer, Casper D. J.
name: Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole H. T. M.
name: Hoebe, Christian J. P. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3. Example of the coding process.
Species differences in metabolism of ripasudil (K-115) are attributed to aldehyde oxidase
Creators: name: Isobe, Tomoyuki
name: Ohta, Masayuki
name: Kaneko, Yoshio
name: Kawai, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: 1. We examined the metabolism of ripasudil (K-115), a selective and potent Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, by in vitro and in vivo studies. 2. First, we identified metabolites and metabolic enzymes involved in ripasudil metabolism. Species differences were observed in metabolic clearance and profiles of metabolites in liver S9 fraction and hepatocytes. In addition, ripasudil was metabolised in humans and monkey S9 without nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Studies using specific inhibitors and human recombinant enzyme systems showed that M1 (main metabolite in humans) formation is mediated by aldehyde oxidase (AO). 3. Therefore, we developed ripasudil as an ophthalmic agent. First, we compared the pharmacokinetic profiles of ripasudil in humans and rats. The results indicated rapid disappearance of ripasudil from the circulation after instillation in humans and its level remained relatively high only in M1. In contrast, we found six metabolites from M1 to M6 in plasma after oral administration to rats. 4. Analysis of enzyme kinetics using S9 showed that the formation of M1 is the major metabolic pathway of ripasudil in humans even though CYP3A4/3A5 and CYP2C8/3A4/3A5 were associated with the formation of M2 and M4, respectively. In conclusion, AO causes differences in ripasudil metabolism between species.
The Digital Hill Project Sources on the Revolt of Samos
Creators: name: Mernitz, Marcel
Publisher: name: Digital Classics Online
Year: 2016

description: This article covers the work done for the Digital Hill project of the Alexander von Humboldt Chair of Digital Humanities at Leipzig University. After a short introduction about the book on which the project is based and the arrangement of the chosen chapter in this book the goals of the project are presented, which are the creation of EpiDoc TEI compatible XML files for the sources, the production of treebank annotations and text alignments and the provision of the results on a web page. The paragraphs concerning treebank annotations and text alignments present working with the interfaces of Arethusa and Alpheios in the Perseids platform. Users can interact with the web page. For that reason jQuery scripts have been written, whose functionality is explained in the visualization paragraph. Some issues on the creation of the EpiDoc files are presented there as well as the applied solutions.
description: Digital Classics Online, Bd. 2,3 (2016)
Neonatal mortality in a pair of identical twin calves
Creators: name: Kelly, D. F.
name: Rowan, T. G.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Parturition was induced, on day 278 of pregnancy, of identical twin male Blonde d'Aquitaine calves; the parturition was assisted by gentle traction. The calves died approximately four minutes and eight hours after birth. Detailed post mortem examinations revealed soft tissue hemorrhage, fractured ribs and intrapulmonary amniotic material. Full article published in Veterinary Record (1993); 133, 475-476
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Dynamic Changes in the Dairy Market
Creators: name: Thomas, William A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Leaders from all parts of the dairy industry are finding out that they have to get up every morning and try to put themselves out of business. They do it because if they do not, someone else will. This is not just because of the 1996 FAIR farm bill. They do it because in today's market, if they do not come up with a better dairy product or a better way of marketing that product, they will fall behind. The dairy industry is becoming more competitive and more consumer oriented. Today, we are competing on a world wide basis and continued innovation in production techniques and product development and marketing are needed to keep the U.S. dairy industry at the forefront of world agriculture. Consumers of today are accustomed to getting what they want and the industry must provide that or the customer will go somewhere else. One of the main changes we are seeing in the dairy industry is that we are becoming more market oriented and, thanks to the 1996 farm bill, we are assured that this trend will continue in the future. I want to divide the discussion of the changes in dairy marketing into four areas: dairy farmers and their cooperatives; the Federal milk marketing order system; the processing sector; and a miscellaneous category including international markets, managing risks, and food safety.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
On-Farm Nutrition Diagnostics
Creators: name: Nelson, Arden J.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Veterinarians are held in high esteem by cattlemen in this country. Rockwood Research, Inc. conducted a study for Church and Dwight of 700 dairymen, asking their preferred sources for information on new nutritional products.10 Dairymen ranked veterinarians highest of all the sources. (Figure 1). Yet, we as cattle veterinarians, have too little direct involvement with nutrition management (Figure 2), as demonstrated in the 1993 AABP survey of member veterinarians.1 With feed and forage costs totalling 45-60% of milk checks, dairymen need excellent management control of nutrition to minimize feed cost and to maximize production, reproduction and cow health. Figure 3 shows the categorization of expenses for the most profitable quartile of herds on Northeast Agrifax financial records system.9 These herds averaged 116 cows and sold 19,030 pounds per cow per year for the years 1992-94. Crop expense and off-farm feed expense averaged $6.44/cwt on milk that 'Yas sold at $13.61/cwt. Nutrition input costs, $3. 73/cwt for off-farm feed and $2. 71/cwt for on-farm production of forages and grains, dwarf all other expense categories.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Practical Application of MUN Analyses
Creators: name: Nelson, Arden J.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Urea is the detoxified form of protein waste in the mammalian body. In the ruminant, excess rumen ammonia is absorbed from the rumen through the rumen wall to the blood stream. It is carried to the liver and is converted into urea by the liver. Urea can be recycled through the blood stream back to the rumen. The protein waste, ammonia, originates either from the diet or from normal tissue breakdown throughout the cow's body. The high producing milking cow has most of this urea originate from un-used dietary protein. Ropstad, et.al.21 nicely showed the relationship between dietary protein, rumen ammonia, and milk urea in 21 adult and 7 first lactation Norwegian Red cows (Figures 1 and 2). The excess protein can be from any of the protein fractions. We tend to think only of soluble protein, but it can also originate from insoluble degradable, or undegradable protein.6 Urea is extremely water soluble and is carried by the blood into all tissues, including the lungs, kidney, rumen, small intestine, uterus and the mammary gland. Blood and plasma and serum urea nitrogen (BUN, PUN, SUN) are synonyms for urea levels taken from blood samples. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) measures the level of urea in milk. Until recently, it was believed that milk urea nitrogen levels were about 85-90% of blood urea nitrogen. Very recent work done at the University of Pennsylvania1 (Figure 3) and Cornell University has demonstrated that milk urea nitrogen is nearly equal to blood urea nitrogen; MUN/BUN= .96-.98. The apparent difference in prior studies was due to improper sample preparation, with milk fat and/or milk protein interfering with the correct determination of milk urea level. It is believed today that urea diffuses into and out of the mammary gland, and that urea in milk will equilibrate with blood in a short time span. Gustafsson and Palmquist11 showed that serum urea peaked 1.5-2.0 hrs after rumen ammonia peaked in cows fed once daily. Milk urea changes lagged behind serum urea changes by 1.0-2.0 hrs (Figure 4). When urea in serum was increasing, milk urea lagged and was lower; when serum urea was decreasing, milk urea lagged and was higher.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Investigating Herd Problems and Production on Dairy Farms
Creators: name: Ruegg, Pamela L.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Herd level assessments of productivity and health are a normal part of dairy practice. Many veterinarians undertake informal herd investigations when they discuss herd management issues with the farmer during herd visits. The objective of these informal herd investigations is no different than the objective of a formal herd investigation. After identification and confirmation of a problem, the primary objective of the veterinarian should be to focus on control of the current situation. When emergency situations are under control the next step is to identify key determinants of the problem. Finally, and most importantly, plans need to be put in place to prevent future problems. Epidemiologic techniques that have been developed for outbreak investigations can be modified and used to direct the investigation toward resolution.1,2,3,4
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Biotransformation of mixture of dyes by enriched bacterial consortium ASD
Creators: name: Sananda Chattaraj
name: Johnson, Jenny
name: Datta Madamwar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Dye effluents released from textile industries has gradually entrenched the roots of peril to majority of the water bodies. Considering the alarming need of innovative bioremediation technologies, the present study aims to evaluate the biodegradation potential of a bacterial consortium ASD for mineralization of a mixture of structurally different dyes. Consortium ASD, developed from dye contaminated soil from Vatva industrial estate, constitutes of four bacterial strains viz. Pseudomonas sp., Brevibacillus sp. and two strains of Stenotrophomonas sp. The intense metabolic activity of these strains together, led to 94% ADMI removal (American dye Manufacturers Institute) of 100 mg l−1 of a mixture of dyes in the presence of starch (0.1%, w/v) and proteose peptone (0.4%, w/v) within 24 h at 37°C under static (microaerophilic) condition and could tolerate up to 400 mg l−1 of dye mixture. Consortium was also able to reduce total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand by 85 and 78% within 24 h. Significant level of various oxido-reductive enzymes observed during decolourization by the consortium, confirms their involvement in the degradation process. Biotransformation of the mixture of dyes to less toxic byproducts was confirmed using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, NMR, GC–MS analysis, and phytotoxicity test. Results showed a suitable application of consortium ASD for the biological processing of dye containing wastewaters.
In vitro inhibition and enhancement of liver microsomal S-777469 metabolism by long-chain fatty acids and serum albumin: insight into in vitro and in vivo discrepancy of metabolite formation in humans
Creators: name: Sekiguchi, Kazutaka
name: Takushi Kanazu
name: Murayama, Norie
name: Yamazaki, Hiroshi
name: Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: 1. It was previously demonstrated that 10% of S-777469, a cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonist, is metabolized to its carboxylic acid metabolite (S-777469 5-carboxylic acid, 5-CA) in humans in vivo, while the formation of 5-CA is extremely low in human cryopreserved hepatocytes and liver microsomes (HLMs). In this study, factors causing the different metabolite formation rates of S-777469 in vitro and in vivo were investigated. 2. Formation of 5-CA and S-777469 5-hydroxymethyl (5-HM), a precursor metabolite of 5-CA, was catalyzed by CYP2C9. Arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid, which have been reported to exist in liver microsomes, inhibited S-777469 oxidation by CYP2C9, but serum albumin enhanced this reactions. 3. The IC50 values of these fatty acids for 5-CA formation from 5-HM were lower than those of 5-HM formation from S-777469. Serum albumin extensively enhanced 5-CA formation from 5-HM in comparison to 5-HM formation from S-777469. 4. CYP2C9 was the enzyme responsible for S-777469 oxidation in human livers. The suppressive effects of several fatty acids and enhancing action of serum albumin in vitro are likely to be the causal factors for the apparently different rates of in vitro and in vivo metabolite formation of S-777469.
Evaluation of the effect of the fenbendazole sustained-release intraruminal device on the immunity of calves to lungworm
Creators: name: Jacobs, D. E.
name: Hutchinson, M. J.
name: Abbott, E. M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Each of 10 set-stocked calves was given a fenbendazole sustained-release intraruminal bolus at turnout for the control of parasitic bronchitis while a group of 10 similar calves was left untreated. The respiratory rates of the control calves were not greatly increased during the grazing season, but persistent coughing was evident from early July when they all had patent lungworm infections. Full article published in Veterinary Record (1996); 139, 60-63
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Ein Bild sagt mehr als 1000 Worte? Visualisierungen in den Digital Humanities.
Creators: name: Schaal, Gary S.
name: Lancaster, Kelly
Publisher: name: Digital Classics Online
Year: 2016

description: In Digital Humanities, computer-generated visualizations are viewed as highly significant in obtaining scientific insights. However, only through a reflection on their theoretical foundations can we exhaust the epistemological potential of visualizations abiding by the principles of validity and reliability. Digital Humanities is still lacking both an epistemological basis and a best practice for an (hermeneutic) interpretation of visualizations generated by algorithms. This paper will address precisely this research gap in raising the question whether, and to what extent, approaches to the hermeneutic interpretation of computer-generated visualizations in the natural sciences can be applied to analyses in the Digital Humanities. It will provide an answer to this issue with recourse to Don Ihde’s theory of Postphenomenology. Though Postphenomenology supplies an epistemology and a visual hermeneutics for visualizations, both originate from and target solely the natural sciences. Whether the theory is applicable in the  Digital Humanities is subject of further research.
description: Digital Classics Online, Bd. 2,3 (2016)
Targeting druggable enzymome by exploiting natural medicines: An in silico–in vitro integrated approach to combating multidrug resistance in bacterial infection
Creators: name: Zang, Ping
name: Aijie Gong
name: Peirong Zhang
name: Jinling Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Context: Antibiotic resistance is a major clinical and public health problem. Development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent bacterial multidrug resistance during antimicrobial chemotherapy has thus been becoming a primary consideration in the medicinal chemistry community. Objective: We described a new strategy that combats multidrug resistance by using natural medicines to target the druggable enzymome (i.e., enzymatic proteome) of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: A pipeline of integrating in silico analysis and in vitro assay was purposed to identify antibacterial agents from a large library of natural products with diverse structures, high drug-likeness, and relatively low flexibility, with which a systematic interactome of 826 natural product candidates with 125 functionally essential S. aureus enzymes was constructed via a high-throughput cross-docking approach. The obtained docking score matrix was then converted into an array of synthetic scores; each corresponds to a natural product candidate. By systematically examining the docking results, a number of highly promising candidates with potent antibacterial activity were suggested. Results: Three natural products, i.e., radicicol, jorumycin, and amygdalin, have been determined to possess strong broad-spectrum potency combating both the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains (MIC value <10 μg/ml). In addition, some natural products such as tetrandrine, bilobalide, and arbutin exhibited selective inhibition on different strains. Discussion and conclusion: Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics analysis revealed diverse non-bonded interactions across the complex interfaces of newly identified antibacterial agents with their putative targets GyrB ATPase and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase.
Practical Management of Prepartum Anionic Diets for Dairy Cattle
Creators: name: Kristula, Michaela
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: Feeding anionic diets to prepartum dairy cows has become a common strategy to prevent parturient paresis. However, implementing anionic diets in the field is challenging. Feeding anionic salts will help prevent parturient paresis (Block 1984, Dishington 1975, Oetzel et al 1988) and perhaps improve calcium homeostasis by increasing ionized calcium levels at parturition (Oetzel et al, 1988, Beede et al, 1992), but the mechanism of action of the anionic salts has not been clearly defined. Since the mechanism of action is not defined a number of questions arise during manipulation of the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD).
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Invasive malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a cow
Creators: name: Sartin, E. A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1996

description: An invasive malignant fibrous histiocytoma associated with the left cornual process, and causing lysis of the frontal bone, was diagnosed in a cow. Full article published in Journal American Veterinary Medical Association (1996); 208, 1709-1710
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1996
Additional file 1 of Women’s awareness of breast cancer symptoms: a national cross-sectional study from Palestine
Creators: name: Elshami, Mohamedraed
name: Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim
name: Ghithan, Roba Jamal
name: Alser, Mohammed
name: Shurrab, Nouran Ramzi
name: Ismail, Islam Osama
name: Mahfouz, Ibtisam Ismail
name: Fannon, Aseel AbdulQader
name: Qawasmi, Malak Ayman
name: Hawa, Mona Radi
name: Giacaman, Narmeen
name: Ahmaro, Manar
name: Okshiya, Heba Mahmoud
name: Zaatreh, Rula Khader
name: AbuKhalil, Wafa Aqel
name: Usrof, Faten Darwish
name: Melhim, Noor Khairi
name: Madbouh, Ruba Jamal
name: Hziema, Hala Jamal Abu
name: Lahlooh, Raghad Abed-Allateef
name: Ubaiat, Sara Nawaf
name: Jaffal, Nour Ali
name: Alawna, Reem Khaled
name: Abed, Salsabeel Naeem
name: Abuzahra, Bessan Nimer
name: Kwaik, Aya Jawad Abu
name: Dodin, Mays Hafez
name: Taha, Raghad Othman
name: Alashqar, Dina Mohammed
name: Mobarak, Roaa Abd-alfattah
name: Smerat, Tasneem
name: Abu-El-Noor, Nasser
name: Bottcher, Bettina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
In vitro inhibition and enhancement of liver microsomal S-777469 metabolism by long-chain fatty acids and serum albumin: insight into in vitro and in vivo discrepancy of metabolite formation in humans
Creators: name: Sekiguchi, Kazutaka
name: Takushi Kanazu
name: Murayama, Norie
name: Yamazaki, Hiroshi
name: Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: 1. It was previously demonstrated that 10% of S-777469, a cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonist, is metabolized to its carboxylic acid metabolite (S-777469 5-carboxylic acid, 5-CA) in humans in vivo, while the formation of 5-CA is extremely low in human cryopreserved hepatocytes and liver microsomes (HLMs). In this study, factors causing the different metabolite formation rates of S-777469 in vitro and in vivo were investigated. 2. Formation of 5-CA and S-777469 5-hydroxymethyl (5-HM), a precursor metabolite of 5-CA, was catalyzed by CYP2C9. Arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid, which have been reported to exist in liver microsomes, inhibited S-777469 oxidation by CYP2C9, but serum albumin enhanced this reactions. 3. The IC50 values of these fatty acids for 5-CA formation from 5-HM were lower than those of 5-HM formation from S-777469. Serum albumin extensively enhanced 5-CA formation from 5-HM in comparison to 5-HM formation from S-777469. 4. CYP2C9 was the enzyme responsible for S-777469 oxidation in human livers. The suppressive effects of several fatty acids and enhancing action of serum albumin in vitro are likely to be the causal factors for the apparently different rates of in vitro and in vivo metabolite formation of S-777469.
Das Papyrusportal
Creators: name: Scholl, Reinhold
name: Kupferschmidt, Jens
name: Gerhardt, Marius
name: Freitag, Stefan
Publisher: name: Digital Classics Online
Year: 2016

description: The ‚Papyrus Portal‘ is a project that aims to provide the user with an efficient and effective search of all digitized and electronically catalogued papyrus collections in Germany, and a unified presentation of the search results with the most important information on the particular papyrus. This includes links to the local home databases which have more details on each piece. The ‚Papyrus Portal‘ unites the different information technologies of the original databases and presents the search results in a standard format. A conventional format for the recording of the metadata has been established.
description: Digital Classics Online, Bd. 2,2 (2016)