cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Runaway collisions in young star clusters. II. Numerical results
Creators: name: Freitag, Marc
name: Gürkan, M. Atakan
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new study of the collisional runaway scenario to form an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH, MBH > 100 Msun) at the centre of a young, compact stellar cluster. The first phase is the formation of a very dense central core of massive stars (Mstar =~ 30-120 Msun) through mass segregation and gravothermal collapse. Previous work established the conditions for this to happen before the massive stars evolve off the main sequence (MS). In this and a companion paper, we investigate the next stage by implementing direct collisions between stars. Using a Monte Carlo stellar dynamics code, we follow the core collapse and subsequent collisional phase in more than 100 models with varying cluster mass, size, and initial concentration. Collisions are treated either as ideal, ``sticky-sphere'' mergers or using realistic prescriptions derived from 3-D hydrodynamics computations. In all cases for which the core collapse happens in less than the MS lifetime of massive stars (~3 Myr), we obtain the growth of a single very massive star (VMS, Mstar =~ 400-4000 Msun) through a runaway sequence of mergers. Mass loss from collisions, even for velocity dispersions as high as sigma1D ~ 1000 km/s, does not prevent the runaway. The region of cluster parameter space leading to runaway is even more extended than predicted in previous work because, in clusters with sigma1D > 300 km/s, collisions accelerate (and, in extreme cases, drive) core collapse. Although the VMS grows rapidly to > 1000 Msun in models exhibiting runaway, we cannot predict accurately its final mass. This is because the termination of the runaway process must eventually be determined by a complex interplay between stellar dynamics, hydrodynamics, and the stellar evolution of the VMS. [abridged]
description: 23 pages, 24 figures. For publication in MNRAS. Paper revised to follow requests and suggestions of referee. Companion paper to Freitag, Rasio & Baumgardt 2005
Universal Voltage Fluctuations in Disordered Superconductors
Creators: name: Roy, Arnab
name: Wu, Yuxiao
name: Berkovits, Richard
name: Frydman, Aviad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Aharonov-Casher effect is the analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect that applies to neutral particles carrying a magnetic moment. This can be manifested by vortices or fluxons flowing in trajectories that encompass an electric charge. These have been predicted to result in a persistent voltage which fluctuates for different sample realizations. Here we show that disordered superconductors exhibit reproducible voltage fluctuation, antisymmetrical with respect to magnetic field, as a function of various parameters such as magnetic field amplitude, field orientations and gate voltage. These results are interpreted as the vortex equivalent of the universal conductance fluctuations typical of mesoscopic disordered metallic systems. We analyze the data in the framework of random matrix theory and show that the fluctuation correlation functions and curvature distributions exhibit behavior which is the fingerprint of Aronov-Casher physics. The results demonstrate the quantum nature of the vortices in highly disordered superconductors both above and below $T_c$.
description: 8 pages 9 figures
Additional file 3 of Neural circuit analysis using a novel intersectional split intein-mediated split-Cre recombinase system
Creators: name: Khoo, Audrey Tze Ting
name: Kim, Paul Jong
name: Kim, Ho Min
name: Je, H. Shawn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Quantitative analyses of a 10 min open field test performed using 1 year old Dlx6-negative::Rosa26-LoxP-Stop-LoxP-TdTomato (littermate control [Dlx6- RTM]), and Dlx6-CCre-IRES-eGFP::Rosa26-LoxP-Stop-LoxP-TdTomato (Dlx6+ RTM). S3(A) Total distance travelled in open field chamber (cm), (B) Number of movements, (C) Number of stereotypy, which is the amount of repetitive movements, includeing grooming behaviour, (D) Time spent in center (s). We noted statistically non-significant differences (Mann-Whitney test) between Dlx6- RTM and Dlx6+ RTM in locomotor activity (p > 0.9999), movements (p = 0.9143), stereotypy (p = 0.2571) and time in center (p = 0.2571).
Speed of sound constraints from tidal deformability of neutron stars
Creators: name: Kanakis-Pegios, A.
name: Koliogiannis, P. S.
name: Moustakidis, Ch. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The upper bound of the speed of sound in dense nuclear matter is one of the most interesting but still unsolved problems in Nuclear Physics. Theoretical studies in connection with recent observational data of isolated neutron stars as well as binary neutron stars systems offer an excellent opportunity to shed light on this problem. In the present work, we suggest a method to directly relate the measured tidal deformability (polarizability) of binary neutron stars system (before merger) to the maximum neutron star mass scenario and possible upper bound on the speed of sound. This method is based on the simple but efficient idea that while the upper limit of the effective tidal deformability favors soft equations of state, the recent high measured values of neutron star mass favor stiff ones. In the present work, firstly, using a simple well established model we parametrize the stiffness of the equation of state with the help of the speed of sound. Secondly, in comparison with the recent observations by LIGO/VIRGO collaboration of two events, GW170817 and GW190425, we suggest possible robust constraints. Moreover, we evaluate and postulate, in the framework of the present method, what kind of future measurements could help us to improve the stringent of the constraints on the neutron star equation of state.
description: v1: 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. v2: 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Formação Continuada De Professores Na Era Digital:  Desafios E Oportunidades Para A Inclusão E A Qualidade  Da Educação Básica
Creators: name: Marcos Vinicius Afonso Cabral, Fernando Luiz Cas De Oliveira Filho,  José Flávio Da Paz, Eliédna Aparecida Rocha De Oliveira,  Fabrício Leo Alves Schmidt, Ana Paula Rodrigues De Souza,  José Humberto Veríssimo Zuchetti, Ronaldo Theodorovski,  Eduardo Danilo Ribeiro Dos Santos Ravagnani,  Reumally Nunes De Oliveira, Rute Barboza Da Silva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: O conceito de formação continuada de professores abrange a aquisição contínua de conhecimentos, métodos de formação e quaisquer ações pedagógicas que vão além da formação acadêmica inicial de um professor. Para o conseguir, é essencial realizar pesquisas sobre a formação continuada de professores na era digital, bem como, os desafios e oportunidades para a inclusão e a qualidade da educação básica, examinando os processos envolvidos na formação contínua e avaliando as experiências e resultados de cursos e iniciativas educativas relevantes. Nesse contexto, a escolha pelo tema surgiu a partir de uma profunda preocupação com as práticas do uso das tecnologias que promovem a inclusão. É uma resposta direta à demanda urgente expressa por numerosos profissionais do sistema público de ensino. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi explorar o potencial das tecnologias na promoção da inclusão educacional de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais. Especificamente, examinará práticas de ensino que utilizam esses recursos como ferramentas pedagógicas em ambientes de aprendizagem. Para conduzir esta pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A natureza desta pesquisa é qualitativa, seu foco principal é apresentar a conversa empírica em torno do tema, vista através das lentes das referências teóricas dos autores. Ao examinar os resultados deste estudo, foi possível deduzir que existem inúmeros obstáculos na concepção de uma abordagem de ensino especificamente adaptada para alunos em educação especial. Consequentemente, estas discrepâncias e restrições podem ser superadas através da implementação de metodologias de ensino inovadoras, como a integração de tecnologias digitais ou abordagens ativas. Ao incorporar esses métodos no processo educacional, facilitam o desenvolvimento substancial do conhecimento, promovendo a socialização e fomentando a interação entre os alunos. Como resultado, isso contribui para a inclusão social e educacional.
Current-Induced Entanglement of Nuclear Spins in Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Eto, M.
name: Ashiwa, T.
name: Murata, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an entanglement mechanism of nuclear spins in quantum dots driven by the electric current accompanied by the spin flip. This situation is relevant to a leakage current in spin-blocked regions where electrons cannot be transported unless their spins are flipped. The current gradually increases the components of larger total spin of nuclei. This correlation among the nuclear spins markedly enhances the spin-flip rate of electrons and hence the leakage current. The enhancement of the current is observable when the residence time of electrons in the quantum dots is shorter than the dephasing time T*_2 of nuclear spins.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
On Crystal Bases and Enright's Completions
Creators: name: Jakelic, Dijana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37

description: We investigate the interplay of crystal bases and completions in the sense of Enright on certain nonintegrable representations of quantum groups. We define completions of crystal bases, show that this notion of completion is compatible with Enright's completion of modules, prove that every module in our category has a crystal basis which can be completed and that a completion of the crystal lattice is unique. Furthermore, we give two constructions of the completion of a crystal lattice.
description: journal version, minor changes; to appear in Journal of Algebra
Interaction between moving Abrikosov vortices in type-II superconductors
Creators: name: Kogan, V. G.
name: Prozorov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-energy of a moving vortex is shown do decrease with increasing velocity. The interaction energy of two parallel slowly moving vortices differs from the static case by a small term $\propto v^2$; the "slow" motion is defined as having the velocity $vv_c(T)$, the interaction energy of two vortices situated along the velocity direction is enhanced and along the perpendicular direction is suppressed compared to the static case.
Is Wal-Mart a Monopsony? Evidence from Local Labor Markets
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alessandro
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
name: Bonanno, Alessandro
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Wal-Mart
subject: monopsony power
subject: wages
subject: labor
subject: retailing

description: This paper measures the degree of monopsony power exerted by Wal-Mart over retail workers using a dominant-firm model and data in the 48 contiguous U.S. states for counties where the company operates, presenting for the first time a measure of the company’s anticompetitive behavior. Empirical results show that Wal-Mart’s monopsony power over workers varies significantly across the country, being higher in non-metro and rural counties, particularly in the south. For instance, Wal-Mart’s buying power index in labor markets in rural southern and central states is estimated to be 5% or higher while the impact on northeastern states’ retail wages is negligible.
Linear media in classical electrodynamics and the Post constraint
Creators: name: Hehl, Friedrich W.
name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Maxwell equations are formulated in a generally covariant and metric-free way in 1+3 and subsequently in 4 dimensions. For this purpose, we use the excitations $\cal D$, $\cal H$ and the field strengths $E,B$. A local and linear constitutive law between excitations and field strengths is assumed, with a constitutive tensor $χ^{ijkl}=-χ^{jikl}=-χ^{ijlk}$ of 36 components. The properties of this tensor are discussed. In particular, we address the validity of the Post constraint, a subject that is very much under discussion. In this connection, the Tellegen gyrator, the axion field, and the ``perfect electromagnetic conductor'' of Lindell & Sihvola are compared with each other.
description: 15 pages, latex
The Chandra Observation of the Shell of Nova Persei 1901 (GK Persei): Detection of localized Non-thermal X-ray Emission from a Miniature Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Balman, Solen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present the data of the shell of classical Nova Persei (1901) obtained by the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer S3 detector on-board \cha Observatory. The X-ray nebula is affected mostly by the complex interstellar medium around the nova and has not developed a regular shell with bulk of emission coming from the southwestern quadrant. The part of the bright zone that is co-spatial with the brightest non-thermal radio emission region, is found to be a source of non-thermal X-ray emission with a power law photon index of 2.3$^{+1.5}_{-0.9}$ and alpha=0.68^${+0.03}_{-0.15}$ at about a flux of 1.7x10^{-13} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}. There are strong indications for nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration occurring in the forward shock/transition zone with an upper limit on the non-thermal X-ray flux of 1.0\times 10^{-14} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}.The total X-ray spectrum of has two components of emission. The component dominant below 2 keV is most likely a non-equilibrium ionization thermal plasma of kT_s=0.1-0.3 keV with an X-ray flux of 1.6x10^{-11} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}. There is also a higher temperature, kT_s=0.5-2.6 keV, embedded, N_H=(4.0-22.0)x10^{22} cm^{-2}, emission component prominent above 2 keV. The unabsorbed X-ray flux from this component is 1.5x10^{-10} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}. The X-ray emitting plasma is of solar composition except for enhancement in the elemental abundances (mean abundances over the remnant)of Ne/Ne$_{\odot}$ and N/N$_{\odot}$ in a range 13-21 and 1-5, respectively. A distinct emission line of neon, He-like Ne IX, is detected which reveals a distribution of several emission knots/blobs and shows a cone-like structure with wings extending toward NW and SE at expansion velocities about 2600 km s^{-1} in the X-rays.
description: 56 pages and 16 figures; Accepted to be published in the Astrophysical Journal (Part 1) as it stands
title: Stadienspezifische Charakterisierung der Angiogenese, Apoptose, Inflammation sowie hypertrophen Differenzierung im degenerierenden Gelenkknorpel
Creators: name: Grötzner, Lea Cathrine
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Knorpelproben aus unterschiedlichen Arthrosestadien zu untersuchen bietet die Möglichkeit, detailliertere Einblicke in die pathologischen Prozesse auf zellulärer Ebene zu erhalten, die bei Osteoarthrose von Relevanz sind. Das dominierende Chondrozytenmuster kann dabei zur stadienspezifischen Einteilung der Knorpelproben genutzt werden. In dieser Arbeit wurden 12 verschiedenen Biomarker untersucht, denen eine Relevanz für die Prozesse Apoptose, Angiogenese, Inflammation und hypertrophe Differenzierung im Rahmen einer Osteoarthrose zugeschrieben wird. Es erfolgte ein Vergleich dieser Biomarker mittels qualitativer Immunfluoreszenzen und quantitativer ELISAs oder semiquantitativer Western Blots. Für die Immunfluoreszenzen wurden Schnitte der superfiziellen Gelenkknorpelschicht gewonnen und mittels spezifischer Antikörper gefärbt. Die Analyse mittels ELISA und Western Blot erfolgte aus isoliertem Protein der Stadien Strings, Double Strings, Small Cluster, Big Cluster und Diffuse des Gelenkknorpels von 93 Patientinnen und Patienten. Die Ergebnisse und der Literaturvergleich zeichnen ein widersprüchliches Bild bezüglich der Apoptosemarker CASP8 und p53. CASP3 hingegen konnte bereits in den frühen Stadien des arthrotischen Knorpels nachgewiesen werden. Die Literatur erklärt Angiogenese einheitlich zu einem der zentralen Prozesse der Osteoarthrose. Die proangiogenetischen Faktoren PECAM-1 und VEGF waren in dieser Arbeit in allen Stadien der Osteoarthrose nachweisbar vorhanden. Möglicherweise findet die Initiierung der Angiogenese somit schon zu einem sehr frühen Zeitpunkt der Krankheit statt. Auch die Inflammation wird in der Literatur als bedeutender Aspekt der Osteoarthrose beschrieben. In dieser Studie bestätigte sich, dass Inflammationsmarker IL-6 und IL-1ß insbesondere im stark arthrotischen Knorpel der Big Cluster erhöht waren. Auch zentrale Marker der hypertrophen Differenzierung wie Col10, OCN und OPN kamen in den Clustern in deutlich erhöhten Konzentrationen vor, was sich mit den Ergebnissen der Literatur deckt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen zudem dafür, den diffusen Knorpel, der bei hochgradiger Osteoarthrose vermehrt vorkommt, als eigenständige Entität zu betrachten, da zentrale Biomarker (insbesondere IL1ß, IL6, OCN, DKK-1) keine fortführende Tendenz von den Big Cluster zum diffusen Knorpel zeigten. Grundsätzlich sprechen die Ergebnisse dafür, weitere stadienspezifische Untersuchungen des arthrotischen Knorpels anzuschließen, um den neu gewonnenen Blickwinkel zu komplementieren.
An Initial Assessment of Policies for Saving a Rare Australian Glider: Experimental Results, Economics and Ecology
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Swarna Nantha, Hemanath
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Swarna Nantha, Hemanath
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Conservation policies
subject: contingent valuation
subject: knowledge
subject: Mahogany glider Petaurus gracilis
subject: population viability analysis
subject: social cost-benefit analysis

description: Reviews the ecological status of the mahogany glider and describes its distribution, habitat and abundance, life history and threats to it. Three serial surveys of Brisbane residents provide data on the knowledge of respondents about the mahogany glider. The results provide information about the attitudes of respondents to the mahogany glider, to its conservation and relevant public policies and about variations in these factors as the knowledge of participants of the mahogany glider alters. Similarly data is provided and analysed about the willingness to pay of respondents to conserve the mahogany glider. Population viability analysis is applied to estimate the required habitat area for a minimum viable population of the mahogany glider to ensure at least a 95% probability of its survival for 100 years. Places are identified in Queensland where the requisite minimum area of critical habitat can be conserved. Using the survey results as a basis, the likely willingness of groups of Australians to pay for the conservation of the mahogany glider is estimated and consequently their willingness to pay for the minimum required area of its habitat. Methods for estimating the cost of protecting this habitat are outlined. Australia-wide benefits seem to exceed the costs. Establishing a national park containing the minimum viable population of the mahogany glider is an appealing management option. This would also be beneficial in conserving other endangered wildlife species. Therefore, additional economic benefits to those estimated on account of the mahogany glider itself can be obtained.
Impacts of organic farming in a developing country: evidence from Tamil Nadu, India, from 1993 to 2003
Creators: name: Kajisa, Kei
name: Palanichamy, N. Venkatesa
name: Kajisa, Kei
name: Palanichamy, N. Venkatesa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: rice
subject: upland cereals
subject: farmyard manure
subject: dairy sector.

description: Attention to organic fertilizer has been increasing but opinions are mixed as to its impacts. This paper explores the potential and limitations of the use of farmyard manure (FYM) for paddy and upland cereals under different soil conditions in Tamil Nadu, India, using farming households’ three-year rotating panel data from 1993 to 2003. Estimated yield functions reveal that a direct impact of FYM application exists only for upland cereals but not for paddy. Meanwhile, an indirect impact through an increase in the marginal product of chemical fertilizer is observed for both paddy and upland cereals, especially under low inherent soil fertility status. Reflecting the existence of the benefit of FYM application, our factor demand estimation shows that farmers react to FYM price change actively. This means that, through the transaction in the FYM market, the reduction in FYM price contributes to the productivity improvement of two kinds of poverty-prone areas: the upland cereal production area and the area of inherently poor soil conditions. However, our analyses on price transmission and determinants of FYM price reveal that although the reduction in FYM price is achieved by dairy sector development, due to high transportation costs and a non-tradable attribute of FYM, the reduction is spatially constrained within a village where dairy sector development has taken place. Hence, the impact of dairy sector development on productivity improvement is locally limited, which is a limitation of the FYM-based development strategy.
Sprachbiographien im Elsass
Creators: name: Negri, Roberta
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: L-LIN/13 Letteratura tedesca
L-LIN/14 Lingua e traduzione - Lingua tedesca

description: Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, durch die Analyse eines Fallbeispiels zu veranschaulichen, wie das persönliche Spracherleben im Elsass im Kontext der Zweisprachigkeit (Französisch, Deutsch) und der Diglossie (elsässische Varietäten und Standarddeutsch) erinnert und verarbeitet wird. Das hier untersuchte Beispiel, das einen Zeitraum umfasst, der einen großen Teil des 20. Jahrhunderts umspannt, ermöglicht die Analyse verschiedener Prozesse, die mit dem individuellen Sprachrepertoire und bestimmten Aspekten der narrativen Identitätskonstruktion verbunden sind und auf einer subjektiven Perspektive basieren, die in der Sprachbiographie zutage tritt. Nach einer Rekonstruktion der persönlichen Spracherfahrungen und des Sprachrepertoires des Informanten werden die wichtigsten Faktoren untersucht, die die Sprachen und Varietäten des Repertoires beeinflussen. Der Artikel untersucht auch den Prozess der Konstruktion einer narrativen Identität am Beispiel der elsässischen Varietät. This study has been carried out as part of the MIUR Excellence Project DIVE-IN Diversity & Inclusion, conducted by the Department of Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures - Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna (iniziativa Dipartimenti di Eccellenza MIUR [L. 232 del 01/12/2016])
Gender and irrigation in India: the Women's Irrigation Group of Jambar, South Gujarat
Creators: name: Van Koppen, Barbara
name: Nagar, Rashmi K.
name: Vasavada, Shilpa
name: Van Koppen, Barbara
name: Nagar, Rashmi K.
name: Vasavada, Shilpa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Women in development
subject: Gender
subject: Female labor
subject: Agricultural credit
subject: Decision making
subject: Irrigation programs
subject: Rain-fed farming
subject: Institution building
subject: Pumping
subject: India
subject: South Gujarat
subject: Bharuck
subject: Jambar

description: Documents a "best practice" - a successful gender-balanced irrigation intervention in which women were given control over an irrigation technology. The study evaluates the approach taken by the implementing NGO, the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, in terms of its replicability in other areas where women share in farm activities and decision making.
A Local Group Polar Ring Galaxy: NGC 6822
Creators: name: Demers, Serge
name: Battinelli, Paolo
name: Kunkel, William E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star counts, obtained from a 2 x 2 degree area centered on NGC 6822 have revealed an optical image of this galaxy composed of two components: in addition to the well-known HI disk with its young stellar component, there is a spheroidal stellar structure as extensive as its HI disk but with its major axis at roughly right angles to it which we traced to at least 36 arcmin. Radial velocities of over 100 intermediate-age carbon stars found within this structure display kinematics contrasting strongly with those of the HI disk. These C stars belong to the spheroid. Although devoid of gas, the spheroid rotation is consistent with the I-band Tully-Fisher relation. The orientation of the rotation axis which minimizes the stellar velocity dispersion coincides with the minor axis of the stellar population ellipsoid, lying very nearly in the plane of the HI disk. We conclude: that the HI disk is a polar ring and the spheroidal component an erstwhile disk, a fossil remainder of a past close encounter episode.
description: ApJ Letter, accepted, in press
Interferometric sensing of the tilt angle of a Gaussian beam
Creators: name: Walborn, S. P.
name: Aguilar, G. H.
name: Saldanha, P. L.
name: Davidovich, L.
name: Filho, R. L. de Matos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate interferometric techniques to estimate the deflection angle of an optical beam and compare them to the direct detection of the beam deflection. We show that quantum metrology methods lead to a unifying treatment for both single photons and classical fields. Using the Fisher information to assess the precision limits of the interferometric schemes, we show that the precision can be increased by exploiting the initial transverse displacement of the beam. This gain, which is present for both Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder-like configurations, can be considerable when compared to non-interferometric methods. In addition to the fundamental increase in precision, the interferometric schemes have the technical advantage that (i) the precision limits can be saturated by a sole polarization measurement on the field, and that (ii) the detection system can be placed at any longitudinal position along the beam. We also consider position-dependent polarization measurements, and show that in this case the precision increases with the propagation distance, as well as the initial transverse displacement.
description: Comments are welcome
Surface Casimir densities on a spherical brane in Rindler-like spacetimes
Creators: name: Saharian, A. A.
name: Setare, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vacuum expectation value of the surface energy-momentum tensor is evaluated for a scalar field obeying Robin boundary condition on a spherical brane in (D+1)-dimensional spacetime $Ri\times S^{D-1}$, where $Ri$ is a two-dimensional Rindler spacetime. The generalized zeta function technique is used in combination with the contour integral representation. The surface energies on separate sides of the brane contain pole and finite contributions. Analytic expressions for both these contributions are derived. For an infinitely thin brane in odd spatial dimensions, the pole parts cancel and the total surface energy, evaluated as the sum of the energies on separate sides, is finite. For a minimally coupled scalar field the surface energy-momentum tensor corresponds to the source of the cosmological constant type.
description: 12 pages, discussion and references added
Tunneling and nonlinear transport in a vertically coupled GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum wire system
Creators: name: Bielejec, E.
name: Seamons, J. A.
name: Reno, J. L.
name: Lilly, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report low-dimensional tunneling in an independently contacted vertically coupled quantum wire system. This nanostructure is fabricated in a high quality GaAs/AlGaAs parallel double quantum well heterostructure. Using a novel flip chip technique to align top and bottom split gates to form low-dimensional constrictions in each of the independently contacted quantum wells we explicitly control the subband occupation of the individual wires. In addition to the expected 2D-2D tunneling results, we have found additional tunneling features that are related to the 1D quantum wires.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to APL Minor revisions
Testing the Equivalent Photon Approximation of the Proton in the Process $e p\to νW X$
Creators: name: Pisano, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of the equivalent photon approximation (EPA) of the proton in describing the inelastic process $ep\to νW X$ is investigated. In particular, the scale dependence of the corresponding inelastic photon distribution is discussed. Furthermore, an estimate of the total number of events, including the ones coming from the elastic and quasi-elastic channels of the reaction, is given for the HERA collider.
description: Revised version, one reference added, to appear in EPJ
Journal article publishing in the social sciences and humanities: a comparison of Web of Science coverage for five European countries
Creators: name: Petr, Michal
name: Engels, Tim C. E.
name: Kulczycki, Emanuel
name: Duskova, Marta
name: Guns, Raf
name: Sieberova, Monika
name: Sivertsen, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 00-02

description: This study compares publication pattern dynamics in the social sciences and humanities in five European countries. Three are Central and Eastern European countries that share a similar cultural and political heritage (the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland). The other two are Flanders (Belgium) and Norway, representing Western Europe and the Nordics, respectively. We analysed 449,409 publications from 2013-2016 and found that, despite persisting differences between the two groups of countries across all disciplines, publication patterns in the Central and Eastern European countries are becoming more similar to those in their Western and Nordic counterparts. Articles from the Central and Eastern European countries are increasingly published in journals indexed in Web of Science and also in journals with the highest citation impacts. There are, however, clear differences between social science and humanities disciplines, which need to be considered in research evaluation and science policy.
Photo-Seebeck effect in single-crystalline bismuth telluride topological insulator
Creators: name: Nivedan, Anand
name: Singh, Arvind
name: Kumar, Sandeep
name: Kumar, Sunil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bismuth telluride is a low energy bulk band-gap topological system with conducting surface states. Besides its very good thermoelectric properties, it also makes a very good candidate for broadband photodetectors. Here, we report temperature-dependent photo-Seebeck effect in a bulk single crystalline bismuth telluride. On light illumination, an electrically biased sample shows distinguishable contributions in the measured current due to both the Seebeck effect and the normal photo-generated carriers within a narrow layer of the sample. Detailed experiments are performed to elucidate the distinction between the Seebeck contribution and the photogenerated current. The temperature-dependence of the photocurrent without Seebeck contribution shows a sign reversal from negative to positive at a specific temperature depending on the wavelength of photoexcitation light.
Additional file 1 of Systemic therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma after discontinuation of immune-oncology and VEGF targeted therapy combinations
Creators: name: Ged, Yasser
name: Gupta, Ruby
name: Duzgol, Cihan
name: Knezevic, Andrea
name: Shapnik, Natalie
name: Ritesh Kotecha
name: Voss, Martin H.
name: Feldman, Darren R.
name: Oguz Akin
name: Patil, Sujata
name: Motzer, Robert J.
name: Rini, Brian I.
name: Lee, Chung-Han
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Kaplan Meier curve estimating PFS for 55 patients from the next line of systemic therapy for kidney cancer after discontinuation of IO-VEGF by IMDC risk scores (1 = Favorable, 2 = Intermediate, 3 = Poor). PFS varied significantly by IMDC scores (p = 0.03). PFS (Progression Free Survival), IO-VEGF (Immune-Oncology and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor targeted therapy), IMDC (International Metastatic Database Consortium). Figure S2. Kaplan Meier curve estimating OS for 55 patients from the next line of systemic therapy for kidney cancer after discontinuation of IO-VEGF by IMDC risk scores (1 = Favorable, 2 = Intermediate, 3 = Poor). OS varied significantly by IMDC scores (p = 0.001). OS (Overall Survival), IO-VEGF (Immune-Oncology and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor targeted therapy), IMDC (International Metastatic Database Consortium). Figure S3. Kaplan Meier curve estimating PFS for 55 patients from the next line of systemic therapy for kidney cancer after discontinuation of IO-VEGF by prior received IO-TKI vs. IO-Bev with no statistical difference between both groups (Log-rank p = 0.72). PFS (Progression Free Survival), IO-VEGF (Immune-Oncology and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor targeted therapy), IO-TKI (IO-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor), IO-Bev (IO-Bevacizumab). Figure S4. Kaplan Meier curve estimating PFS for 55 patients from the next line of systemic therapy for kidney cancer after discontinuation of IO-VEGF by subsequet therapy: Cabozatinib vs. Axitinib vs. Other agents with no statistical difference among the three groups (Log-rank p = 0.50). PFS (Progression Free Survival), IO-VEGF (Immune-Oncology and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor targeted therapy). Table S1. Best Objective response rate on next line of therapy post IO-VEGF by prior IO-VEGF combination. Table S2. Best Objective response rate on next line of therapy post IO-VEGF by type of next line received.
Sum rules in the heavy quark limit of QCD and Isgur-Wise functions
Creators: name: Jugeau, F.
name: Yaouanc, A. Le
name: Oliver, L.
name: Raynal, J. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the OPE, we formulate new sum rules in the heavy quark limit of QCD. These sum rules imply that the elastic Isgur-Wise function $ξ(w)$ is an alternate series in powers of $(w-1)$. Moreover, one gets that the $n$-th derivative of $ξ(w)$ at $ w=1$ can be bounded by the $(n-1)$-th one, and an absolute lower bound for the $n$-th derivative $(-1)^n ξ^{(n)}(1) \geq {(2n+1)!! \over 2^{2n}}$. Moreover, for the curvature we find $ξ''(1) \geq {1 \over 5} [4 ρ^2 + 3(ρ^2)^2]$ where $ρ^2 = - ξ'(1)$. We show that the quadratic term ${3 \over 5} (ρ^2)^2$ has a transparent physical interpretation, as it is leading in a non-relativistic expansion in the mass of the light quark. These bounds should be taken into account in the parametrizations of $ξ(w)$ used to extract $|V_{cb}|$. These results are consistent with the dispersive bounds, and they strongly reduce the allowed region of the latter for $ξ(w)$. The method is extended to the subleading quantities in $1/m_Q$, namely $ξ_3(w)$ and $\barΛξ(w)$.}]
description: Talk given at the ICHEP04 Conference (Beijing, August 2004)
What Influences Price Efficiency in Indigenous Chicken Markets in Africa? Evidence from Smallholder Farmers in Kenya
Creators: name: George, Owuor
name: Bocklain, Bebe
name: George, Owuor
name: Bocklain, Bebe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Indigenous chicken
subject: market efficiency
subject: Kenya

description: This study explored appropriate options for smallholders to maximise market price for Indigenous chicken products in rural and urban markets in Western Kenya (Rongo, Homabay and Kisii in 2008 with results revealing that, the major participants along the indigenous chicken supply chains are village brokers, distant traders, and urban assemblers, who eventually sell hotels, butchers and households. Buyers preferred hens followed by cocks, and attached greater preference on weight and high market prices. The price differential was un-uniform, with the larger differentials recorded between farmers and the middlemen. Turnover and losses were however the key determinants of the selling price. The study thus recommends training of farmers on the market linkages and on accessing market information about final consumer prices and preferences. Last, but not least, interventions to empower farmers to carry out selection for improved weight through feeding should be encouraged.
Wages and employment in non-farm agricultural activities: a livelihood strategy in Nicaragua.
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: RMEA
subject: RMNFA
subject: RSEA
subject: RSENFA
subject: RTEA
subject: RTNFA
subject: RMWAI
subject: RMWNFAI
subject: RSWAI
subject: RSWNFAI
subject: RTWAI
subject: RTWNFAI

description: This article analyzes the indices for nonfarm agricultural activities, which combine agricultural activities with both employment and wages. They were made with panel data of the Living Measurement Standard Survey (1993, 1998, 2001 and 2005) and they were processed with econometric model as a parametric technique (Binary dependent variable model). The trend indices explain the varied combination of nonfarm and farming agricultural activities. In summary, when the economic public policy makers promote preventative measures in the labour market, we see that indices for nonfarm agricultural activities grow. In fact, small farmers use first, second and third nonfarm employment as livelihood strategies for clashing the public policy restrictive.
title: Ultraviolet A/Riboflavin Crosslinked Collagen and Multiple Bioactive Ion Capsules for Enhanced Bone Tissue Engineering
Creators: name: Fan, Lu
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Tissue Engineering , Regenerative Medizin , Kollagen
subject: 610
subject: Collagen Crosslinking
subject: Ultraviolet A (UVA)
subject: Riboflavin
subject: Bioactive Ion Delivery
subject: Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis

description: The dissertation investigates the enhancement of bone tissue engineering (BTE) through ultraviolet A/riboflavin (UVA/R) crosslinked collagen scaffolds combined with a bioactive ion delivery system. Collagen scaffolds, while offering excellent biocompatibility and structural support, often face challenges such as rapid degradation and insufficient osteoinductivity. This research addresses these limitations by optimizing the UVA/R crosslinking process to significantly improve the mechanical strength, stability, and bioactivity of collagen matrices without compromising their biocompatibility. A key focus of the study is unraveling the UVA/R crosslinking mechanism, identifying tyrosine residues as critical crosslinking sites and riboflavin as a dual-function agent. This crosslinking approach outperforms chemical methods, achieving a superior balance of durability and degradability while preserving essential biological interactions. In addition, a novel encapsulation system for bioactive ions, incorporating copper, and magnesium within vaterite-calcite CaCO₃ particles, is developed. These ion-loaded capsules provide sustained release, enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis, critical for bone regeneration. The findings demonstrate that the integration of UVA/R crosslinked collagen with bioactive ion delivery creates an innovative composite material capable of addressing complex bone defects. In vitro and in vivo assessments highlight the scaffold's ability to support cellular activity, mitigate inflammation, and foster bone and vascular tissue formation. This dissertation contributes a comprehensive framework for advancing BTE, paving the way for effective and personalized therapeutic interventions for bone repair.
Multiple inflation and the WMAP 'glitches'
Creators: name: Hunt, Paul
name: Sarkar, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe suggest the possibility of oscillations in the primordial density perturbation. Such deviations from the usually assumed scale-free spectrum were predicted in the multiple inflation model wherein `flat direction' fields undergo rapid phase transitions due to the breaking of supersymmetry by the large vacuum energy driving inflation. This causes sudden changes in the mass of the (gravitationally coupled) inflaton and interrupts its slow roll. We calculate analytically the resulting modifications to the density perturbation and demonstrate how the oscillations arise.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures; Changes: clarifying comments, typos corrected, additional figure; to appear in Physical Review D
Cylindrical RF tomography
Creators: name: Lam, Kim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Tomography allows the examination of an object's interior without having to destroy the object. There have been many forms of tomography including MRIs and CT scans. All forms of tomography infer the interior of an object from a set of measurements. An algorithm to infer the features of infinite dielectric cylinders using electromagnetic waves is developed in this thesis. The intended application for this algorithm is the imaging of lumber. The algorithm recovers the dielectric permittivity distribution from an infinite cylinder. It uses Richmond's Method to model the physical behavior of the infinite cylinder. The algorithm uses an iterative non-linear inversion scheme to recover the dielectric permittivity distribution. The non-linear inversion scheme uses a regularization term that minimizes the structure of the permittivity distribution subject to a constraint involving the measured scattered field from the cylinder. It was found that by decreasing the weighting of the regularization, and eventually turning off the regularization, the exact permittivity distribution can be recovered for a noiseless and over-determined system. In the presence of noise, an approximate permittivity distribution can be recovered; however regularization cannot be turned off. Similarly, for an under-determined system, an approximate permittivity distribution can be found, but regularization cannot be turned off.
Hyper-Raman scattering from vitreous boron oxide: coherent enhancement of the boson peak
Creators: name: Simon, G.
name: Hehlen, B.
name: Courtens, E.
name: Longueteau, E.
name: Vacher, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyper-Raman scattering spectra of vitreous B$_2$O$_3$ are reported and compared to Raman scattering results. The main features are indexed in terms of vibrations of structural units. Particular attention is given to the low frequency boson peak which is shown to relate to out-of-plane librations of B$_3$O$_3$ boroxol rings and BO$_3$ triangles. Its hyper-Raman strength is comparable to that of cooperative polar modes. It points to a sizeable coherent enhancement of the hyper-Raman signal compared to the Raman one. This is explained by the symmetry of the structural units.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Statistical measures of motor, sensory and cognitive performance across repeated robot-based testing
Creators: name: Simmatis, Leif E. R.
name: Early, Spencer
name: Moore, Kimberly D.
name: Appaqaq, Simone
name: Scott, Stephen H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table ST1. BOB Table ST2. OH Table ST3. OHA Table ST4. PM-D Table ST5. PM-ND Table ST6. RVGR-D Table ST7. RVGR-ND Table ST8. SPS Table ST9. TMT Table ST10. VGR-D Table ST11. VGR-ND
GENDER IMPACTS OF SMALL FARMERS’ COMMERCIALIZATION OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) ENTERPRISE IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Asumugha, Godwin N.
name: Kormawa, P.M.
name: De Haan, N.C.
name: Asumugha, Godwin N.
name: Kormawa, P.M.
name: De Haan, N.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Nigerian Ginger
subject: Commercialization
subject: Gender impacts

description: This study addressed the issue of gender and agricultural commercialization among smallholders in Nigeria with ginger as a case study. It focused on the relative or absolute roles, gains and losses by men and women farmers as a result of commercializing small ginger farm. Ginger is a crop grown mainly for cash in Nigeria. Nigerian ginger is known to produce very high quality essential oils mainly oleoresin and gingerol used in confectionery and pharmaceutical industries. Men take decision mostly on ginger production while ginger marketing is more of the women’s job. Women income is devoted to food and children care while men take care of education of the children. There is increased income and improved health facilities to members of the household. There are, however, increases in workload and responsibility for men for major decisions while women play major role in decision during maintenance of ginger field.