cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Manifold Topology, Observables and Gauge Group
Creators: name: Morchio, G.
name: Strocchi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q70 (Primary) 81R15, 81R10 (Secondary)

description: The relation between manifold topology, observables and gauge group is clarified on the basis of the classification of the representations of the algebra of observables associated to positions and displacements on the manifold. The guiding, physically motivated, principles are i) locality, i.e. the generating role of the algebras localized in small, topological trivial, regions, ii) diffeomorphism covariance, which guarantees the intrinsic character of the analysis, iii) the exclusion of additional local degrees of freedom with respect to the Schroedinger representation. The locally normal representations of the resulting observable algebra are classified by unitary representations of the fundamental group of the manifold, which actually generate an observable, "topological", subalgebra. The result is confronted with the standard approach based on the introduction of the universal covering ${\tilde{\cal M}}$ of $\cal{M}$ and on the decomposition of $L^2({\tilde{\cal M}})$ according to the spectrum of the fundamental group, which plays the role of a gauge group. It is shown that in this way one obtains all the representations of the observables iff the fundamental group is amenable. The implications on the observability of the Permutation Group in Particle Statistics are discussed.
Radiation can never again dominate Matter in a Vacuum Dominated Universe
Creators: name: Krauss, Lawrence M.
name: Scherrer, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that in a vacuum-energy-dominated expansion phase, surprisingly neither the decay of matter nor matter-antimatter annihilation into relativistic particles can ever cause radiation to once again dominate over matter in the future history of the universe.
description: updated version, as it will appear in Phys. Rev D. Title change, and some other minor alterations
High-accuracy analytical solutions for the projected mass (counts) and surface density (brightness) of Einasto profiles
Creators: name: Dhar, Barun K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Einasto profile has been successful in describing the density profiles of dark matter haloes in $Λ$CDM N-body simulations. It has also been able to describe multiple components in the surface brightness profiles of galaxies. However, analytically projecting it to calculate quantities under projection is challenging. In this paper, we will see the development of a highly accurate analytical approximation for the mass (or counts) enclosed in an infinitely long cylindrical column for Einasto profiles--also known as the projected mass (or counts)--using a novel methodology. We will then develop a self-consistent high-accuracy model for the surface density from the expression for the projected mass. Both models are quite accurate for a broad family of functions, with a shape parameter $α$ varying by a factor of 100 in the range $0.05 \lesssim α\lesssim 5.0$, with fractional errors $\sim 10^{-6}$ for $α\lesssim 0.4$. Profiles with $α\lesssim 0.4$ have been shown to fit the density profiles of dark matter haloes in N-body simulations as well as the luminosity profiles of the outer components of massive galaxies. Since the projected mass and the surface density are used in gravitational lensing, I will illustrate how these models facilitate (for the first time) analytical computation of several quantities of interest in lensing due to Einasto profiles. The models, however, are not limited to lensing and apply to similar quantities under projection, such as the projected luminosity, the projected (columnar) number counts and the projected density or the surface brightness.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in MNRAS following peer review. NOTE: The DOI was incorrect in an earlier version published on arxiv on June 28, 2021. The most recent version has the correct DOI
Additional file 1 of Reductions in endometriosis-associated pain among women treated with elagolix are consistent across a range of baseline characteristics reflective of real-world patients
Creators: name: Abrao, Mauricio S.
name: Surrey, Eric
name: Gordon, Keith
name: Snabes, Michael C.
name: Wang, Hui
name: Ijacu, Horia
name: Taylor, Hugh S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 at month 3 – pain; Supplemental Table 2. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 at month 3 – control and powerlessness; Supplemental Table 3. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 at month 3 – emotional well-being; Supplemental Table 4. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 at month 3 – social support; Supplemental Table 5. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 at Month 3 – self-image; Supplemental Table 6. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 at month 3 – sexual intercourse; Supplemental Table 7. Adverse events from integrated Elaris EM-I and Elaris EM-II by selected subgroup; Supplemental Figure 1. Co-primary endpoints at month 3 for integrated Elaris EM-I and II by baseline demographic subgroups; Supplemental Figure 2. Co-primary endpoints at month 3 for integrated Elaris EM-I and Elaris EM-II by disease severity subgroups; Supplemental Figure 3. Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at month 3 for integrated Elaris EM-I and Elaris EM-II by baseline demographic subgroups; Supplemental Figure 4. Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at month 3 for integrated Elaris EM-I and Elaris EM-II by disease severity subgroups.
Zipf's Law and Dimensional Coherence in Dissipative Systems
Creators: name: Todd, Ian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Zipf’s law manifests across diverse complex systems, from linguistics to astrophysics, yet its fundamental physical origins remain elusive. I present a novel theoretical framework demonstrating how Zipf’s law emerges naturally from dimensional coherence in dissipative systems. By analyzing the thermodynamic principles of entropy export and information- theoretic properties of high-dimensional spaces, I derive mathematical conditions under which power-law distributions with exponents near -1 naturally arise. This framework pro- vides a mathematical description of how dissipative dynamics create nested hierarchies of coherent states with predictable probability distributions, with particular emphasis on how sub-threshold informational interactions—a novel concept developed here—stabilize these distributions. I establish mathematical connections between the dimensionality of interaction spaces and the exponent of resulting power laws, offering a unified explanation for variations in Zipfian distributions across different systems. This work establishes dimensional coherence as a fundamental organizing principle in non-equilibrium thermodynamics that produces Zipf-like statistical signatures, with implications for information theory, statistical physics, and complex systems science.
A nonlocal connection between certain linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations/oscillators
Creators: name: Chandrasekar, V. K.
name: Senthilvelan, M.
name: Kundu, Anjan
name: Lakshmanan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a nonlocal connection between certain linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), representing physically important oscillator systems, and identify a class of integrable nonlinear ODEs of any order. We also devise a method to derive explicit general solutions of the nonlinear ODEs. Interestingly, many well known integrable models can be accommodated into our scheme and our procedure thereby provides further understanding of these models.
description: 12 pages. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) in press
Misfit strain effect on the thermal expansion coefficient of graphene/MoS$_2$ van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Zhang, Run-Sen
name: Jiang, Jin-Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals heterostructures such as graphene/MoS$_2$ are promising candidates for plenty of optical or electronic applications, owing to advanced properties inherited from the constitutional atomic layers. Thermal expansion is an important phenomenon to be considered for the thermal stability of the van der Waals heterstructure as temperature commonly rises during the operation of nano devices. In the present work, the thermal expansion coefficient for the graphene/MoS$_2$ heterostructure is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations, and the effect from the unavoidable misfit strain on the thermal expansion coefficient is revealed. The misfit strain can tune the thermal expansion coefficient by a factor of six, and this effect is quite robust in sense that it is not sensitive to the size or direction of the heterostructure. An analytic formula is derived to directly relate the thermal expansion coefficient to the misfit strain of the heterostructure, which qualitatively agrees with the numerical results although the analytic formula underestimates the misfit strain effect. Further analysis discloses that the misfit strain can efficiently engineer the thermal induced ripples, which serves as the key mechanism for the misfit strain effect on the thermal expansion coefficient. These findings provide valuable information for the thermal stability of van der Waals heterostructures and shall be benefit for practical applications of van der Waals heterostructure based nano devices.
Ανίχνευση και Ταξινόμηση Λογοτύπων σε Μεγάλες Οπτικές Ροές Βασισμένη σε Συνελικτικά Νευρωνικά Δίκτυα
Creators: name: Δωρόπουλος, Σταύρος Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2016
Subjects: Μηχανική Μάθηση
Συνελικτικά Νευρωνικά Δίκτυα
Ανίχνευση Λογοτύπων σε μεγάλες οπτικές ροές
Machine Learning
Convolutional Neural Networks
Logo Detection in big visual data streams

description: Οι διαδοχικές επιτυχίες των νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθιάς μάθησης στην ερευνητική βιβλιογραφία και ιδιαίτερα οι κορυφαίες επιδόσεις που παρουσιάζουν τα συνελικτικά νευρωνικά δίκτυα στα παραδοσιακά προβλήματα μηχανικής όρασης, τα καθιστούν ιδανικό υποψήφιο για τη μελέτη του ζητήματος της μεγάλης κλίμακας ανίχνευσης και ταξινόμησης λογοτύπων σε πολλαπλές οπτικές ροές πραγματικού χρόνου. Η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία εκμεταλλεύεται τα χαρακτηριστικά της αρχιτεκτονικής των συνελικτικών νευρωνικών δικτύων και εφαρμόζοντας βελτιώσεις στο σύνολο δεδομένων, στη διαδικασία εκπαίδευσης και στη διαδικασία ανίχνευσης παράγει ένα ικανό μοντέλο γνώσης. Οι ανάγκες της ρεαλιστικής και εμπορικής προσέγγισης του προβλήματος οδήγησαν στη δημιουργία λογισμικού ικανού να πλαισιώσει αποτελεσματικά την πειραματική διαδικασία αντίστοιχων προβλημάτων μηχανικής μάθησης. Η δημιουργία του συνόλου των δεδομένων, μέσα από το χαρακτηρισμό και την περιγραφή τηλεοπτικών ροών, προσφέρει ευελιξία πρόσβασης στο πρωτογενές υλικό και καλύτερη κατανόηση του συνολικού ζητήματος. Η έρευνα, ο σχεδιασμός και η αξιολόγηση της προτεινόμενης αρχιτεκτονικής καταλήγουν σε μια μεθοδολογία με εξαιρετικά υψηλές επιδόσεις ακρίβειας, αρκετά μεγαλύτερες του ανταγωνισμού, μικρό χρόνο εκπαίδευσης, δυνατότητα χωρικής ανίχνευσης και ταξινόμησης λογοτύπων σε πραγματικό χρόνο και δυνατότητα προέκτασης της για χρήση σε παρόμοια προβλήματα μηχανικής όρασης.
description: The successive deep neural networks breakthroughs in recent publications and especially the top performing convolutional neural networks appear to be an ideal candidate for exploring the large scale problem of real time logo detection and logo classification in audiovisual streams. The proposed methodology exploits the architecture of convolutional networks and manages to create a sufficient knowledge model due to optimizations in dataset creation, the training process and the decision process. The need of creating a realistic, up to commercial standards, approach to this problem led to the creation of a robust software that aids the experimental process of machine learning in general. Due to the process of dataset creation using annotated tv streams, easy access to the raw material and better understanding of the whole concept was ensured. The process of researching, designing and evaluating the proposed architecture led to the creation of a methodology with extremely high accuracy performance, well above the competition, low training time, spatial detection and logo classification in real time capabilities and easily extendable to similar machine vision problems.
Δομικοί λίθοι και κονιάματα από το μεσαιωνικό κάστρο της Πάφου, Κύπρος: σύσταση, διάβρωση και προτάσεις αποκατάστασης
Creators: name: Ιωαννίδης, Μανώλης Χρίστου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2016
Subjects: Αρχαιομετρία
Φθορά
Ασβεστόλιθος
Μνημεία
Archaeometry
Weathering
Limestone
Monuments

description: Η παρούσα διατριβή ειδίκευσης εκπονήθηκε στο Τμήμα Γεωλογίας του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης στα πλαίσια του μεταπτυχιακού προγράμματος σπουδών «Γεωλογία και Γεωπεριβάλλον» κατά τα έτη 2014 - 2016. Στόχο της διατριβής είναι η πετρολογική και ορυκτολογική μελέτη των δομικών υλικών του μεσαιωνικού Κάστρου της Πάφου. Σκοπός είναι ο προσδιορισμός της προέλευσης των δομικών στοιχείων, καθώς και των κύριων μηχανισμών φθοράς που λειτουργούν σε αυτά. Επιπλέον, με την παρούσα διατριβή προτείνονται λύσεις αποκατάστασης των φθορών και συντήρησης του μνημείου με βάση τα επιστημονικά αποτελέσματα της. Τέλος, εφαρμόζεται η μέθοδος της ψηφιακής χαρτογράφησης και γίνεται προσπάθεια οπτικής απεικόνισης των φθορών στους δομικούς λίθους. Για τις ανάγκες της διατριβής λήφθηκαν συνολικά 31 δείγματα δομικών υλικών τα οποία εξετάστηκαν με στερεοσκόπιο και σε αντιπροσωπευτικό δείγμα από αυτά πραγματοποιήθηκε ανάλυση περιθλασιμετρίας ακτίνων-Χ με στόχο την ποιοτική και ποσοτική αξιολόγηση της ορυκτολογικής τους σύστασης. Ακόμη, σε 15 δείγματα δομικών λίθων κατασκευάστηκαν λεπτές στιλπνές τομές οι οποίες χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για μικροσκοπική παρατήρηση, ενώ τρεις από αυτές εξετάστηκαν και με ηλεκτρονική μικροσκοπία σάρωσης (SEM).
description: The present specialization thesis conducted at the Department of Geology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in the framework of the postgraduate program "Geology and Geoenvironment" in the years 2014 - 2016. The aim of the thesis is the petrological and mineralogical study of building materials of Paphos medieval castle. The purpose is to determine the origin of structural components, and the main damage mechanisms working οn them. Moreover, this thesis proposed recovery solutions of deteriorations and maintenance of the monument based on scientific results. Finally, the process of digital mapping is applied and effort the optical depiction of damage to building stones. For the current thesis were obtained 31 samples of construction materials and all of them were examined with stereoscope and representative sample of them was analyzed with X-ray diffractometry. With the method of X-ray diffractometry determined the qualitative and quantitative mineralogical composition of 31 building materials. Moreover, in 15 samples of building stones thin glossy sections constructed which was used for microscopic observation and three of them were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Quantum theory of an atom laser originating from a Bose-Einstein condensate or a Fermi gas in the presence of gravity
Creators: name: Kramer, Tobias
name: Rodriguez, Mirta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 3D quantum mechanical theory of radio-frequency outcoupled atom lasers from trapped atomic gases in the presence of the gravitational force. Predictions for the total outcoupling rate as a function of the radio-frequency and for the beam wave function are given. We establish a sum rule for the energy integrated outcoupling, which leads to a separate determination of the coupling strength between the atoms and the radiation field. For a non-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate analytic solutions are derived which are subsequently extended to include the effects of atomic interactions. The interactions enhance interference effects in the beam profile and modify the outcoupling rate of the atom laser. We provide a complete quantum mechanical solution which is in line with experimental findings and allows to determine the validity of commonly used approximative methods. We also extend the formalism to a fermionic atom laser and analyze the effect of superfluidity on the outcoupling of atoms.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, slightly expanded version
Signatures of Discontinuity in the Exchange-Correlation Energy Functional Derived from the Subband Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Quantum Wells
Creators: name: Rigamonti, S.
name: Proetto, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discontinuous character of the exact exchange-correlation $(xc)$ energy functional of Density Functional Theory is shown to arise naturally in the subband spectra of semiconductor quantum wells. Using an \emph{ab-initio} $xc$ functional, including exchange exactly and correlation in an exact partial way, a discontinuity appears in the $xc$ potential, each time a subband becomes slightly occupied. Exchange and correlation give opposite contributions to the discontinuity, with correlation overcoming exchange. The jump in the intersubband energy is in excellent agreement with experimental data.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Discrimination of single-point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA via Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor
Creators: name: Balderston, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biological Engineering
Biotechnology

description: Abstract: Simple and fast methods for the detection of target genes with single-nucleotide specificity could open up genetic research and diagnostics beyond laboratory settings. We recently reported a biosensor for the electronic detection of unamplified target genes using liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistors employing an RNA-guided catalytically deactivated CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) anchored to a graphene monolayer. Here, we show that, by using unamplified genomic samples from patients and by measuring multiple types of electrical response, the biosensors can discriminate within one hour between wild-type and homozygous mutant alleles differing by a single nucleotide. We also show that biosensors using a guide-RNA–Cas9-orthologue complex targeting genes within the protospacer adjacent motif discriminated between homozygous and heterozygous DNA samples from patients with sickle cell disease, and that they can also be used to rapidly screen for guide-RNA–Cas9 complexes that maximize gene-targeting efficiency.
Retorica epica nell'orazione di Ulisse, σχολιασμένη μετάφραση του Νταϊλάκη Παναγιώτη από το έργο του Stefano Carrai, Dante e l'antico, l'emulazione dei classici nella Comedia
Creators: name: Νταϊλάκης, Παναγιώτης Μιχαήλ
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2016
Subjects: Μετάφραση
Δάντης
Οδυσσέας
Translation
Dante
Odysseus

description: Ο τομέας με τον οποίο θα ασχοληθεί η συγκεκριμένη διπλωματική εργασία είναι οι ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες και πιο συγκεκριμένα ο τομέας της λογοτεχνίας. Θα γίνει σχολιασμένη μετάφραση σε ένα κεφάλαιο του βιβλίου Dante e l’antico, L’emulazione dei classici nella Comedia του καθηγητή και συγγραφέα Στέφανο Καρράι, το οποίο αποτελεί μια κριτική πάνω στα γεγονότα της Θείας Κωμωδίας του Δάντη Αλιγκιέρι. Αξίζει να σημειωθεί πως το κεφάλαιο το οποίο θα μεταφραστεί είναι στην ουσία ένα κείμενο με αρχή, μέση και τέλος. Δεν εξαρτάται δηλαδή από τα άλλα κεφάλαια του βιβλίου. Αποτελεί ένα αυτοτελές κείμενο. Το κεφάλαιο αυτό, ονομάζεται Retorica epica nell’orazione di Ulisse, δηλαδή έχει να κάνει με το επεισόδιο του Οδυσσέα στο έργο του Δάντη Αλιγκιέρι. Αποτελείται από 10 σελίδες και περίπου 3000 λέξεις. Δεν έχει μεταφραστεί σε καμία γλώσσα καθώς το βιβλίο αυτό αποτελεί ακόμα έργο προς μελέτη από τους φοιτητές της ιταλικής λογοτεχνίας του Πανεπιστημίου της Σιένας (Università degli studi di Siena ). Η επιλογή του συγκεκριμένου θέματος διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η βαθύτερη κατανόηση του λεξιλογίου και των έργων της ιταλικής λογοτεχνίας και πιο συγκεκριμένα της Θείας Κωμωδίας, η οποία παραμένει ένα από τα σημαντικότερα θεμέλια, πάνω στα οποία η ευρωπαϊκή λογοτεχνική παράδοση έχει οικοδομηθεί.
description: The area that will address this particular thesis, is the humanities and more specifically the field of literature. Will be annotated translation of a chapter of the book Dante e l'antico, L'emulazione dei classici nella Comedia written by the professor Stefano Carrai. This book is a review on the events of the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. It is worth noting that the translated chapter is essentially a text with a beginning, middle and an end. It is not dependent from any other chapters of the book. It is a standalone one. This chapter is called Retorica epica nell'orazione di Ulisse, and it has to do with the episode of Ulysses in the book of Dante Alighieri. It consists of 10 pages and about 3000 words. It has not been translated into any other languages. This book is been used by the students of Italian literature at the University of Siena (Università degli studi di Siena). The choice of this particular chapter is the deeper understanding of the vocabulary and the texts of Italian literature and more specifically of the Divine Comedy, which is one of the most important texts that led the European literary tradition to it's prime.
A new method of normal approximation
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 60B10, 60D05 (Primary)

description: We introduce a new version of Stein's method that reduces a large class of normal approximation problems to variance bounding exercises, thus making a connection between central limit theorems and concentration of measure. Unlike Skorokhod embeddings, the object whose variance must be bounded has an explicit formula that makes it possible to carry out the program more easily. As an application, we derive a general CLT for functions that are obtained as combinations of many local contributions, where the definition of "local" itself depends on the data. Several examples are given, including the solution to a nearest-neighbor CLT problem posed by P. Bickel.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOP370 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The Strange Man in Random Networks of Automata
Creators: name: Ferraz, Carlos Handrey A.
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed computer simulations of Kauffman's automata on several graphs such as the regular square lattice and invasion percolation clusters in order to investigate phase transitions, radial distributions of the mean total damage (dynamical exponent $z$) and propagation speeds of the damage when one adds a damaging agent, nicknamed "strange man". Despite the increase in the damaging efficiency, we have not observed any appreciable change at the transition threshold to chaos neither for the short-range nor for the small-world case on the square lattices when the strange man is added in comparison to when small initial damages are inserted in the system. The propagation speed of the damage cloud until touching the border of the system in both cases obeys a power law with a critical exponent $α$ that strongly depends on the lattice. Particularly, we have ckecked the damage spreading when some connections are removed on the square lattice and when one considers special invasion percolation clusters (high boundary-saturation clusters). It is seen that the propagation speed in these systems is quite sensible to the degree of dilution.
description: AMS-LaTeX v1.2, 7 pages with 14 figures Encapsulated Postscript, to be published
Non-Maxwellianity of electron distributions near Earth's magnetopause
Creators: name: Graham, D. B.
name: Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.
name: André, M.
name: Vaivads, A.
name: Chasapis, A.
name: Matthaeus, W. H.
name: Retino, A.
name: Valentini, F.
name: Gershman, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmas in Earth's outer magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and solar wind are essentially collisionless. This means particle distributions are not typically in thermodynamic equilibrium and deviate significantly from Maxwellian distributions. The deviations of these distributions can be further enhanced by plasma processes, such as shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection. Such distributions can be unstable to a wide variety of kinetic plasma instabilities, which in turn modify the electron distributions. In this paper the deviations of the observed electron distributions from a bi-Maxwellian distribution function is calculated and quantified using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. A statistical study from tens of millions of electron distributions shows that the primary source of the observed non-Maxwellianity are electron distributions consisting of distinct hot and cold components in Earth's low-density magnetosphere. This results in large non-Maxwellianities in at low densities. However, after performing a stastical study we find regions where large non-Maxwellianities are observed for a given density. Highly non-Maxwellian distributions are routinely found are Earth's bowshock, in Earth's outer magnetosphere, and in the electron diffusion regions of magnetic reconnection. Enhanced non-Maxwellianities are observed in the turbulent magnetosheath, but are intermittent and are not correlated with local processes. The causes of enhanced non-Maxwellianities are investigated.
Strong-coupling superconductivity in layered nickel-based LaO$_{1-x}$F$_x$NiAs
Creators: name: Li, Z.
name: Chen, G. F.
name: Dong, J.
name: Li, G.
name: Hu, W. Z.
name: Wu, D.
name: Su, S. K.
name: Zheng, P.
name: Xiang, T.
name: Wang, N. L.
name: Luo, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of layered nickel-based LaO$_{1-x}$F$_x$NiAs compounds with x=0 to 0.15 are synthesized by solid state reactions. The pure LaONiAs exhibits bulk superconductivity with Tc $\sim$ 2.75 K. Partial substitution of oxygen by fluorine increases the transition temperature to $\sim 3.8$ K. The LaO$_{0.9}$F$_{0.1}$NiAs sample shows a sharp superconducting transition and a sharp specific heat jump at the critical temperature. The magnitude of the specific heat jump is much larger than that expected from the weak-coupling BCS theory, indicating that this superconductor is in the strong coupling regime. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the specific heat deviates strongly from the theoretical result for the single-band s- or d-wave superconductor, but shows some character of a multi-gap system.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Chronic anticoagulation is not associated with a reduced risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalised Covid-19 patients
Creators: name: Parker, Kathrine
name: Hamilton, Patrick
name: Hanumapura, Prasanna
name: Castelino, Laveena
name: Murphy, Michelle
name: Challiner, Rachael
name: Thachil, Jecko
name: Ebah, Leonard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Univariable logistic regression analysis for the development of AKI. Supplementary Table 2. Univariable cox regression analysis for overall survival. Supplementary Figure 1. Multivariable cox regression analysis for survival.
Complex structure of a proto-brown dwarf
Creators: name: Riaz, B.
name: Machida, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ALMA $^{12}$CO (2-1), $^{13}$CO (2-1), C$^{18}$O (2-1) molecular line observations of a very young proto-brown dwarf system, ISO-OPH 200. We have conducted physical+chemical modelling of the complex internal structure for this system using the core collapse simulations for brown dwarf formation. The model at an age of $\sim$6000 yr can provide a good fit to the observed kinematics, spectra, and reproduce the complex structures seen in the moment maps. Results from modelling indicate that $^{12}$CO emission is tracing an extended ($\sim$1000 au) molecular outflow and a bright shock knot, $^{13}$CO is tracing the outer ($\sim$1000 au) envelope/pseudo-disc, and C$^{18}$O is tracing the inner ($\sim$500 au) pseudo-disc. The source size of $\sim$8.6 au measured in the 873$μ$m image is comparable to the inner Keplerian disc size predicted by the model. A 3D model structure of ISO-OPH 200 suggests that this system is viewed partially through a wide outflow cavity resulting in a direct view of the outflow and a partial view of the envelope/pseudo-disc. We have argued that ISO-OPH 200 has been mis-classified as a Class Flat object due to the unusual orientation. The various signatures of this system, notably, the young $\sim$616 yr outflow dynamical age and high outflow rate ($\sim$1$\times$10$^{-7}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$), silicate absorption in the 10$μ$m mid-infrared spectrum, pristine ISM-like dust in the envelope/disc, comparable sizes of the extended envelope and outflow, indicate that ISO-OPH 200 is an early Class 0 stage system formed in a star-like mechanism via gravitational collapse of a very low-mass core.
description: Accepted in MNRAS
Evidence of orbital ferromagnetism in twisted bilayer graphene aligned to hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Sharpe, Aaron L.
name: Fox, Eli J.
name: Barnard, Arthur W.
name: Finney, Joe
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Kastner, Marc A.
name: Goldhaber-Gordon, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have previously reported ferromagnetism evinced by a large hysteretic anomalous Hall effect in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG). Subsequent measurements of a quantized Hall resistance and small longitudinal resistance confirmed that this magnetic state is a Chern insulator. Here we report that, when tilting the sample in an external magnetic field, the ferromagnetism is highly anisotropic. Because spin-orbit coupling is negligible in graphene such anisotropy is unlikely to come from spin, but rather favors theories in which the ferromagnetism is orbital. We know of no other case in which ferromagnetism has a purely orbital origin. For an applied in-plane field larger than $5\ \mathrm{T}$, the out-of-plane magnetization is destroyed, suggesting a transition to a new phase.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures
Discrimination of single-point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA via Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor
Creators: name: Balderston, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biological Engineering

description: Simple and fast methods for the detection of target genes with single-nucleotide specificity could open up genetic research and diagnostics beyond laboratory settings. We recently reported a biosensor for the electronic detection of unamplified target genes using liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistors employing an RNA-guided catalytically deactivated CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) anchored to a graphene monolayer. Here, we show that, by using unamplified genomic samples from patients and by measuring multiple types of electrical response, the biosensors can discriminate within one hour between wild-type and homozygous mutant alleles differing by a single nucleotide. We also show that biosensors using a guide-RNA–Cas9-orthologue complex targeting genes within the protospacer adjacent motif discriminated between homozygous and heterozygous DNA samples from patients with sickle cell disease, and that they can also be used to rapidly screen for guide-RNA–Cas9 complexes that maximize gene-targeting efficiency.
Abelian and Non-abelian Hall Liquids and Charge Density Wave: Quantum Number Fractionalization in One and Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Seidel, Alexander
name: Lee, Dung-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previously we have demonstrated that, on a torus, the abelian quantum hall liquid is adiabatically connected to a charge density wave as the smaller dimension of the torus is varied. In this work we extend this result to the non-abelian bosonic Hall state. The outcome of these works is the realization that the paradigms of quantum number fractionalization in one dimension (polyacetylene) and two dimensions (fractional quantum Hall effect) are in fact equivalent.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, published version
Production of rho meson pair in gamma* gamma* collisions
Creators: name: Pire, B.
name: Segond, M.
name: Szymanowski, L.
name: Wallon, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown that the lowest order QCD amplitude, i.e. the quark exchange contribution, to the forward production of a pair of longitudinally polarized rmesons in the scattering of two virtual photons gamma (Q1) gamma (Q2) rho rho factorizes in two different ways: the part with transverse photons is described by the QCD factorization formula involving the generalized distribution amplitude of two final rho mesons, whereas the part with longitudinally polarized photons takes the QCD factorized form with the gamma rho transition distribution amplitude. Perturbative expressions forthese, in general, non-perturbative functions are obtained in terms of the rho meson distribution amplitude.
description: International Workshop on Diffraction in High-Energy Physics -DIFFRACTION 2006 - September 5-10 2006 Adamantas, Milos island, Greece
Μοντέλα υπολογισμού απορροής των υπολεκανών της υδρολογικής λεκάνης του χειμάρρου Μαΐστρου Αλεξανδρούπολης με χρήση GIS
Creators: name: Κουφουνάκη, Νικολέτα Μιχαήλ
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2016
Subjects: πλημμυρική απορροή
υδρολογική λεκάνη
Γεωγραφικά Συστήματα Πληροφοριών
catchment runoff
hydrological basin
Geographical Information Systems

description: Στην εργασία αυτή εξετάζεται η υδρολογική λεκάνη απορροής του χειμάρρου Μαΐστρου Αλεξανδρούπολης. Η επεξεργασία και η εξαγωγή των αποτελεσμάτων πραγματοποιήθηκε µε τη χρήση του λογισμικού ArcGIS 10.3 της εταιρείας Marathon Data Systems (M.D.S.). Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν η σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων της ορθολογικής μεθόδου, του τύπου του Füller και της μεθόδου της Soil Conservation Service (S.C.S) όπως και η βαθμονόμηση του απλοποιημένου μοντέλου διόδευσης της πλημμυρικής απορροής του Laurenson για την συγκεκριμένη υδρολογική λεκάνη έτσι ώστε να υπολογισθεί η παροχή στο στόμιο αυτής. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι τρεις μέθοδοι μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν δίνοντας παραπλήσια αποτελέσματα για την υπ’όψιν λεκάνη όπως και το απλοποιημένο μοντέλο διόδευσης πλημμυρικής απορροής του Laurenson με συντελεστή αποθήκευσης της τάξεως του 40%.
description: The current thesis examines the hydrological basin of Maistros stream in Alexandroupolis. The processing and extraction of results was carried out using the ArcGIS software 10.3 of Marathon Data Systems Company (MDS). The aim of the present thesis was the comparison of the results extracted by the rational method, the Füller formula and the Soil Conservation Service method (SCS) and the calibration of the simplified runoff routing model of Laurenson for the specific catchment in order to calculate the discharge at the outfall as well. The results showed that the three methods yield similar results for the catchment under consideration and also the simplified runoff routing model of Laurenson using a storage rate of 40%.
Topological Order and Non-Abelian Statistics in Noncentrosymmetric s-Wave Superconductors
Creators: name: Fujimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that in two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric s-wave superconductors under applied magnetic fields for a particular electron density, topological order emerges, and there exists a zero energy Majorana fermion mode in a vortex core, which obeys non-Abelian statistics, in analogy with p_x+ip_y superconductors, the Moore-Read Pfaffian quantum Hall state, and the gapped non-Abelian spin liquid phase of the Kitaev model.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
SSHOC D1.3 First Annual Progress & Activity Report
Creators: name: Draščić, Martina
name: Versic Ilijasic, Ivana
name: Willems, Marieke
name: Broeder, Daan
name: Eskevich, Maria
name: Bottoni, Gianmaria
name: Zavala Rojas, Diana
name: Scherpenzeel, Annette
name: Bristle, Johanna
name: Kalaitzi, Vasso
name: Barbot, Laure
name: Fischer, Frank
name: Degl'Innocenti, Emiliano
name: van der Eijk, Cees
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: SSHOC
Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud
European Open Science Cloud
EOSC
Interoperability
metadata interoperability
data interoperability
FAIR principles
metadata standards

description: This deliverable is the first annual progress report for the SSHOC project, and as such, one of three planned progress reports to be delivered during the project lifetime. It states the progress and status of work in the first year of the SSHOC project (M1-M12). The information gathered here will be updated after six months, (and thus form the official EC periodic report); the next progress report will follow in 2021. The report starts with a general plan for the SSHOC project in Year 1 (2019), and lists the main objectives set up to be achieved. The main part of this deliverable follows activities described in chapters which go into details about highlights and achievements on the level of each Work Package and on the level of Tasks, with notes on deviations from the DoA. The final chapter contains the summary on the delivery of project outputs (namely deliverables), achievement of project milestones, use of resources, and risks met in the Year 1 across all Work Packages. This progress report, and the two that will follow at the end of each project year, form the basis for more extended reporting to the European Commission and provide overview and further improvements to the ongoing work.
description: This deliverable has been accepted by the European Commission on - 03 November 2020
Time evolution of CO$_2$ ro-vibrational excitation in a nanosecond discharge measured with quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy
Creators: name: Du, Yanjun
name: Tsankov, Tsanko V.
name: Luggenhölscher, Dirk
name: Czarnetzki, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CO$_2$ dissociation stimulated by vibrational excitation in non-equilibrium discharges has drawn lots of attention. Ns-discharges are known for their highly non-equilibrium conditions. It is therefore of interest to investigate the CO$_2$ excitation in such discharges. In this paper, we demonstrate the ability for monitoring the time evolution of CO$_2$ ro-vibrational excitation with a well-selected wavelength window around 2289.0 cm$^{-1}$ and a single CW quantum cascade laser (QCL) with both high accuracy and temporal resolution. The rotational and vibrational temperatures for both the symmetric and the asymmetric modes of CO$_2$ in the afterglow of CO$_2$ + He ns-discharge were measured with a temporal resolution of 1.5 $μ$s. The non-thermal feature and the preferential excitation of the asymmetric stretch mode of CO$_2$ were experimentally observed, with a peak temperature of $T_{v3, max}$ = 966 $\pm$ 1.5 K, $T_{v12, max}$ = 438.4 $\pm$ 1.2 K and $T_{rot}$ = 334.6 $\pm$ 0.6 K reached at 3 $μ$s after the nanosecond pulse. In the following relaxation process, an exponential decay with a time constant of 69 $μ$s was observed for the asymmetric stretch (001) state, consistent with the dominant deexcitation mechanism due to VT transfer with He and deexcitation on the wall. Furthermore, a synchronous oscillation of the gas temperature and the total pressure was also observed and can be explained by a two-line thermometry and adiabatic process. The period of the oscillation and its dependence on the gas components is consistent with a standing acoustic wave excited by the ns-discharge.
New Phase-coherent Measurements of Pulsar Braking Indices
Creators: name: Livingstone, Margaret A.
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Gavriil, Fotis P.
name: Manchester, Richard N.
name: Gotthelf, E. V.
name: Kuiper, Lucien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar braking indices offer insight into the physics that underlies pulsar spin-down. Only five braking indices have been measured via phase-coherent timing; all measured values are less than 3, the value expected from magnetic dipole radiation. Here we present new measurements for three of the five pulsar braking indices, obtained with phase-coherent timing for PSRs J1846-0258 (n=2.65+/-0.01), B1509-58 (n=2.839+/-0.001) and B0540-69 (n=2.140+/-0.009). We discuss the implications of these results and possible physical explanations for them.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. To be published in the proceedings of the conference "Isolated Neutron Stars: from the Interior to the Surface" (April 24-28, 2006, London, UK), eds. D. Page, R. Turolla, & S. Zane
Gyrating solitons in a necklace of optical waveguides
Creators: name: Barashenkov, I. V.
name: Feinstein, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q51, 35Q55, 35Q60, 78A60

description: We consider light pulses in a circular array of $2N$ coupled nonlinear optical waveguides. The waveguides are either hermitian or alternate gain and loss in a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric fashion. Simple patterns in the array include a ring of $2N$ pulses travelling abreast, and a breather -- a string of pulses where all even and all odd waveguides flash in turn. In addition, the structure displays solitons gyrating around the necklace by switching from one waveguide to the next. Some of the gyrating solitons are stable while other ones are weakly unstable and evolve into gyrating multiflash strings. By tuning the gain-loss coefficient, the gyration of solitons in a nonhermitian array may be reversed without changing the direction of their translational motion.
description: 12 pages, 4 sets of figures. To appear in PRA
Well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the fractional power dissipative equations
Creators: name: Miao, Changxing
name: Yuan, Baoquan
name: Zhang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K05, 35K15

description: This paper studies the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear fractional power dissipative equation $u_t+(-\triangle)^αu= F(u)$ for initial data in the Lebesgue space $L^r(\mr^n)$ with $\ds r\ge r_d\triangleq{nb}/({2α-d})$ or the homogeneous Besov space $\ds\dot{B}^{-σ}_{p,\infty}(\mr^n)$ with $\dsσ=(2α-d)/b-n/p$ and $1\le p\le \infty$, where $α>0$, $F(u)=f(u)$ or $Q(D)f(u)$ with $Q(D)$ being a homogeneous pseudo-differential operator of order $d\in[0,2α)$ and $f(u)$ is a function of $u$ which behaves like $|u|^bu$ with $b>0$.
description: 30pages