cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Reviewing the indus water treaty in regards to future challenges
Creators: name: Krol, Anastasia Beatrice
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Indus River Treaty
subject: challenges
subject: Pakistan
subject: India

description: For the past five decades, the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) has been considered as the cornerstone for trans-boundary water sharing and mutual cooperation between two neighbours otherwise locked in mutual enmity. Increasingly, the threat of climate change, over population, energy needs and the interests of important regional stakeholder neighbours such as China have become part of the equation and the Treaty‘s capacity as a stabiliser of the region is questioned. For this reason, this thesis seeks to identify historical indicators behind the creation of the Treaty as well as to classify India and Pakistan‘s access to water and whether, in the case of a war breaking out between them, each could survive if access to the Indus, as set out under the IWT, is forcibly cut off. Following this segment, this thesis asks whether the increasing inability of the Treaty to keep both riparians from squabbling lies in the aging structure and use of general language, thus the IWT is compared to the 1995 Mekong River Agreement and the Danube River Convention of 1948. The three documents are compared against each other in terms of structure, language and implementing bodies. After this, the IWT is assessed for flaws which are again compared to the 1995 Mekong River Agreement and the Danube River Convention of 1948. The three areas discussed and compared are: dispute resolution, climate change and environmental issues and China. The discussions of research and conclusion both settle on the idea that the IWT, though previously successful is in dire need of a facelift in order to fit future concerns such as further population growth, water and energy demands and climate change.
Study of Possible Scintillation Mechanism Damage in PbWO4 Crystals After Pion Irradiation
Creators: name: Batarin, V. A.
name: Butler, J.
name: Chen, T. Y.
name: Davidenko, A. M.
name: Derevschikov, A. A.
name: Goncharenko, Y. M.
name: Grishin, V. N.
name: Kachanov, V. A.
name: Konstantinov, A. S.
name: Kravtsov, V. I.
name: Kormilitsin, V. A.
name: Kubota, Y.
name: Lukanin, V. S.
name: Matulenko, Y. A.
name: Melnick, Y. M.
name: Meschanin, A. P.
name: Mikhalin, N. E.
name: Minaev, N. G.
name: Mochalov, V. V.
name: Morozov, D. A.
name: Nogach, L. V.
name: Ryazantsev, A. V.
name: Semenov, P. A.
name: Semenov, V. K.
name: Shestermanov, K. E.
name: Soloviev, L. F.
name: Stone, S.
name: Uzunian, A. V.
name: Vasiliev, A. N.
name: Yakutin, A. E.
name: Yarba, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employed two independent methods to study possible damage to the scintillation mechanism in lead tungstate crystals due to irradiation by a 34 GeV pion beam. First, 10 crystals were irradiated simultaneously over 30 hours by a narrow beam, so that only a small region of each crystal was affected. We studied the effect of the irradiation on the light output non-uniformity. If a localized degradation was observed, it would indicate damage to the scintillation mechanism. Secondly, we detected light output using two phototubes attached to sides of a crystal. Since these phototubes detect scintillation light only from a small localized region, the effect of transmission loss should be minimal. We did not see any statistically significant evidence for scintillation mechanism damage with either method. The effect is consistent with zero, and the upper limit is 0.5% at 95% C.L.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX2e
Additional file 1 of Dimensionality of the system usability scale among professionals using internet-based interventions for depression: a confirmatory factor analysis
Creators: name: Mol, Mayke
name: Schaik, Anneke Van
name: Dozeman, Els
name: Ruwaard, Jeroen
name: Vis, Christiaan
name: Ebert, David D.
name: Etzelmueller, Anne
name: Mathiasen, Kim
name: Moles, Bárbara
name: Mora, Teresa
name: Pedersen, Claus D.
name: Skjøth, Mette Maria
name: Pensado, Luisa Peleteiro
name: Piera-Jimenez, Jordi
name: Gokcay, Didem
name: Ince, Burçin Ünlü
name: Russi, Alessio
name: Sacco, Ylenia
name: Zanalda, Enrico
name: Zabala, Ane Fullaondo
name: Riper, Heleen
name: Smit, Jan H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Table 1 Percentile rank of SUS items scores. Table 2 Covariance matrix of SUS item scores, n = 242. Figure 1 Distribution of frequencies of total SUS scores. Figure 2 Factor structure of the one-factor model, two-factor, and tone-model of the SUS.
A shift-splitting preconditioner for asymmetric saddle point problems
Creators: name: Wu, Shi-Liang
name: Salkuyeh, Davod Khojasteh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we execute the shift-splitting preconditioner for asymmetric saddle point problems with its (1,2) block's transposition unequal to its (2,1) block under the removed minus of its (2,1) block. The proposed preconditioner is stemmed from the shift splitting (SS) iteration method for solving asymmetric saddle point problems, which is convergent under suitable conditions. The relaxed version of the shift-splitting preconditioner is obtained as well. The spectral distributions of the related preconditioned matrices are given. Numerical experiments from the Stokes problem are offered to show the convergence performance of these two preconditioners.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, Revised on June 10, 2020
Volume change and permeability of mixtures of waste rock and fine tailings
Creators: name: Wickland, Benjamin Eli
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Current methods of mine waste disposal have resulted in environmental problems on a global scale. In an effort to circumvent problems inherent to segregated disposal of waste rock and tailings, this thesis examines an alternative mine waste disposal technique where waste rock and tailings are combined as a homogenous mixture. One type of waste rock and one type of tailings were examined individually and as mixtures for volume change, permeability, and soil-water characteristics. Laboratory investigations included compressibility testing in a large diameter consolidation cell, hydraulic conductivity by constant head test alternated with static loading, and soil-water characteristic curve by pressure plate test. Tailings rheology was examined in a cup and bob rotational viscometer. A two-year meso-scale column study of self-weight consolidation was also conducted. The behaviour of mixtures of waste rock and tailings is dependent on mixture design, and mixtures may therefore be designed for specific geotechnical properties. Design variables examined included mixture ratio and initial tailings solids content. Mixture ratio was found to have an optimum value where the tailings slurry just fills the voids between rock particles. Tailings solids content was found to have limits for mixing defined by rheological yield stress. Mixtures had compressive strains similar to waste rock alone and much lower than tailings alone. The finding was attributed to the presence of a load bearing waste rock skeleton. The hydraulic conductivity of mixtures was similar to tailings and much lower than waste rock. The finding was attributed to the presence of a fine-grained tailings matrix. While waste rock alone was observed to remain unsaturated, mixtures remained saturated for long periods of time under conditions of free drainage without access to water. Mixture particle structure was conceptualized through the use of a particle model and described quantitatively by waste rock skeleton void ratio and tailings matrix void ratio. Methods for relating mixture compressibility and hydraulic conductivity to structure are proposed. While exhaustive testing of the range of possible mixtures and behaviours was not possible, this thesis has provided a fundamental theoretical basis for understanding mixture design and behaviour with respect to mixture particle structure.
Multiscaling in the 3D critical site-diluted Ising ferromagnet
Creators: name: Marinari, E.
name: Martin-Mayor, V.
name: Parisi, G.
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, F.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied numerically the appearance of multiscaling behavior in the three-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising site diluted model, in the form of a multifractal distribution of the decay exponents for the spatial correlation functions at the critical temperature. We have computed the exponents of the long-distance decay of higher moments of the correlation function, up to the 10th power, by studying three different quantities: global susceptibilities, local susceptibilities and correlation functions. We have found very clear evidences for multiscaling behavior.
description: 19 pages and 5 figures. Final version of the paper
The Lockdown Effect: Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internet Traffic
Creators: name: Feldmann, Anja
name: Gasser, Oliver
name: Lichtblau, Franziska
name: Pujol, Enric
name: Poese, Ingmar
name: Dietzel, Christoph
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Wichtlhuber, Matthias
name: Tapiador, Juan
name: Vallina-Rodriguez, Narseo
name: Hohlfeld, Oliver
name: Smaragdakis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments imposed lock downs that forced hundreds of millions of citizens to stay at home. The implementation of confinement measures increased Internet traffic demands of residential users, in particular, for remote working, entertainment, commerce, and education, which, as a result, caused traffic shifts in the Internet core. In this paper, using data from a diverse set of vantage points (one ISP, three IXPs, and one metropolitan educational network), we examine the effect of these lockdowns on traffic shifts. We find that the traffic volume increased by 15-20% almost within a week--while overall still modest, this constitutes a large increase within this short time period. However, despite this surge, we observe that the Internet infrastructure is able to handle the new volume, as most traffic shifts occur outside of traditional peak hours. When looking directly at the traffic sources, it turns out that, while hypergiants still contribute a significant fraction of traffic, we see (1) a higher increase in traffic of non-hypergiants, and (2) traffic increases in applications that people use when at home, such as Web conferencing, VPN, and gaming. While many networks see increased traffic demands, in particular, those providing services to residential users, academic networks experience major overall decreases. Yet, in these networks, we can observe substantial increases when considering applications associated to remote working and lecturing.
MHD tidal waves on a spinning magnetic compact star
Creators: name: Lou, Yu-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an X-ray binary system, the companion star feeds the compact neutron star with plasma materials via accretions. The spinning neutron star is likely covered with a thin "magnetized ocean" and may support {\it magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) tidal waves}. While modulating the thermal properties of the ocean, MHD tidal waves periodically shake the base of the stellar magnetosphere that traps energetic particles, including radiating relativistic electrons. For a radio pulsar, MHD tidal waves in the stellar surface layer may modulate radio emission processes and leave indelible signatures on timescales different from the spin period. Accretion activities are capable of exciting these waves but may also obstruct or obscure their detections meanwhile. Under fortuitous conditions, MHD tidal waves might be detectable and offer valuable means to probe properties of the underlying neutron star. Similar situations may also occur for a cataclysmic variable -- an accretion binary system that contains a rotating magnetic white dwarf. This Letter presents the theory for MHD tidal waves in the magnetized ocean of a rotating degenerate star and emphasizes their potential diagnostics in X-ray and radio emissions.
description: ApJ Letter paper already published
Linear stability analysis in inhomogeneous equilibrium configurations
Creators: name: Shokri, Masoud
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel method to find local plane-wave solutions of the linearized equations of motion of relativistic hydrodynamics in inhomogeneous equilibrium configurations, i.e., when a fluid in equilibrium is rigidly moving with nonzero thermal vorticity. Our method is based on extending the conserved currents to the tangent bundle, using a type of Wigner transformation. The Wigner-transformed conserved currents can then be Fourier-transformed into the cotangent bundle to obtain the dispersion relations for the space-time dependent eigenfrequencies. We show that the connection between the stability of hydrodynamics and the evolution of plane waves is not as straightforward as in the homogeneous case, namely, it is restricted to the equilibrium-preserving directions in the cotangent bundle. We apply this method to Mueller-Israel-Stewart (MIS) theory and show that the interplay between the bulk viscous pressure and the shear-stress tensor with acceleration and rotation leads to novel modes, as well as modifications of the already known ones. We conclude that, within the domain of applicability, i.e., when boundary effects are negligible and the vorticity is not too large, MIS theory is stable and causal, with the same stability and causality conditions as for homogeneous equilibrium configurations.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures - matches the published version
Robust Position Sensing with Wave Fingerprints in Dynamic Complex Environments
Creators: name: del Hougne, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Irregular propagation environments with complex scattering effects challenge traditional ray-tracing-based localization. However, the environment's complexity enables solutions based on wave fingerprints (WFPs). Yet, since WFPs rely on the extreme sensitivity of the chaotic wave field to geometrical details, it is not clear how viable WFP techniques may be in a realistic dynamically evolving environment. Here, we reveal that environmental perturbations reduce both the diversity of the WFP dictionary and the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), such that the amount of information that can be obtained per measurement is reduced. This unfavorable effect can, however, be fully compensated by taking more measurements. We show in simulations and experiments with a low-cost software-defined radio that WFP localization of non-cooperative objects is possible even when the scattering strength of the environmental perturbation significantly exceeds that of the object to be localized. Our results underline that diversity is only one important ingredient to achieve high sensing accuracy in compressed sensing, the other two being SNR and the choice of decoding method. We find that sacrificing diversity for SNR may be worthwhile and observe that artificial neural networks outperform traditional decoding methods in terms of the achieved sensing accuracy, especially at low SNR.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 2 of Investigating the effects of mobile bottom fishing on benthic carbon processing and storage: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Felgate, Stacey L.
name: Aldridge, John
name: Bolam, Stefan G.
name: Breimann, Sarah
name: de Borger, Emil
name: Claes, Jolien
name: Depestele, Jochen
name: Epstein, Graham
name: Garcia, Clement
name: Hicks, Natalie
name: Kaiser, Michel
name: Laverick, Jack H.
name: Lessin, Gennadi
name: O’Neill, Finbarr G.
name: Paradis, Sarah
name: Parker, Ruth
name: Pereira, Ryan
name: Poulton, Alex J.
name: Powell, Claire
name: Smeaton, Craig
name: Snelgrove, Paul
name: Tiano, Justin
name: van der Molen, Johan
name: van de Velde, Sebastiaan
name: Sciberras, Marija
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
Modification of T/E models and their multi-field versions
Creators: name: Ellgan, Ping Kwan Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modification on the super-potential of (arXiv: 1901.09046) which discusses the simplest construction of inflationary $α$ attractor models (also called T/E models) in supergravity without the sinflaton. This can make all the components of the first derivative vanish at the minimum point after the specific choice for the modified part. We also extend T/E models into the multi-field versions, motivated by considering the effect of multi orthogonal nilpotent super-fields, whose sgoldstino, sinflatons and inflatinos are very heavy such that we can take the orthogonal nilpotent constraints to obtain physical limits. Finally, we study the inflation dynamics in the double field cases of both T and E models and show their turning rates and the square mass of the entropic perturbation, which can be used for further observational verification.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. Questions and comments are welcomed
Additional file 1 of Investigating the effects of mobile bottom fishing on benthic carbon processing and storage: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Felgate, Stacey L.
name: Aldridge, John
name: Bolam, Stefan G.
name: Breimann, Sarah
name: de Borger, Emil
name: Claes, Jolien
name: Depestele, Jochen
name: Epstein, Graham
name: Garcia, Clement
name: Hicks, Natalie
name: Kaiser, Michel
name: Laverick, Jack H.
name: Lessin, Gennadi
name: O’Neill, Finbarr G.
name: Paradis, Sarah
name: Parker, Ruth
name: Pereira, Ryan
name: Poulton, Alex J.
name: Powell, Claire
name: Smeaton, Craig
name: Snelgrove, Paul
name: Tiano, Justin
name: van der Molen, Johan
name: van de Velde, Sebastiaan
name: Sciberras, Marija
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
The Variability of Star Formation Rate in Galaxies: II. Power Spectrum Distribution on the Main Sequence
Creators: name: Wang, Enci
name: Lilly, Simon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain the temporal power spectrum of the sSFR(t) of star-forming galaxies, using a well-defined sample of Main Sequence galaxies from MaNGA and our earlier measurements of the ratio of the SFR averaged within the last 5 Myr to that averaged over the last 800 Myr. We explore the assumptions of stationarity and ergodicity that are implicit in this approach. We assume a single power-law form of the PSD but introduce an additional free parameter, the "intrinsic scatter", to try to account for any non-ergodicity introduced from various sources. We analyze both an "integrated" sample consisting of global measurements of all of the galaxies, and also 25 sub-samples obtained by considering five radial regions and five bins of integrated stellar mass. Assuming that any intrinsic scatter is not the dominant contribution to the Main Sequence dispersion of galaxies, we find that the PSDs have slopes between 1.0 and 2.0, indicating that the power (per log interval of frequency) is mostly contributed by longer timescale variations. We find a correlation between the returned PSDs and the inferred gas depletion times ($τ_{\rm dep,eff}$) obtained from application of the extended Schmidt Law, in that regions with shorter gas depletion times show larger integrated power and flatter PSD. Intriguingly, it is found that shifting the PSDs by the inferred $τ_{\rm dep,eff}$ causes all of the 25 PSDs to closely overlap, at least in that region where the PSD is best constrained and least affected by uncertainties about any intrinsic scatter. A possible explanation of these results is the dynamical response of the gas regulator system of Lilly et al. 2013 to a uniform time-varying inflow, as previously proposed in Wang et al. 2019.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, submitted to AAS
Maximal D=2 supergravities from higher dimensions
Creators: name: Bossard, Guillaume
name: Ciceri, Franz
name: Inverso, Gianluca
name: Kleinschmidt, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop in detail the general framework of consistent Kaluza-Klein truncations from D=11 and type II supergravities to gauged maximal supergravities in two dimensions. In particular, we unveil the complete bosonic dynamics of all gauged maximal supergravities that admit a geometric uplift. Our construction relies on generalised Scherk-Schwarz reductions of E$_9$ exceptional field theory. The application to the reduction of D=11 supergravity on $S^8\times S^1$ to SO(9) gauged supergravity is presented in a companion paper.
description: Published version (46 pages plus appendices)
Nonlinear photonic lattices in anisotropic nonlocal self-focusing media
Creators: name: Desyatnikov, Anton S.
name: Neshev, Dragomir N.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
name: Sagemerten, Nina
name: Traeger, Denis
name: Jaegers, Johannes
name: Denz, Cornelia
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze theoretically and generate experimentally two-dimensional nonlinear periodic lattices in a photorefractive medium. We demonstrate that the light-induced periodically modulated nonlinear refractive index is highly anisotropic and nonlocal, and it depends on the lattice orientation relative to the crystal axis. We discuss stability of such induced photonic structures and their guiding properties.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
title: Zozobra: the tensions of urban space
Creators: name: Cottam, Hilary
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1999

description: My enquiry starts from a practical perspective: that of the intractable problems of our inner cities; inadequate service delivery, absent infrastructure, poverty, unemployment. Themes unquiet and persistent. I offer a critique of approaches to policy and argue that post-structural theoretical shifts offer new practical perspectives and the potential for imaginative understandings, which remain largely unexplored. I focus on the built space and the emotions in an attempt to alter the perspective from which questions are asked, and to problematise the questioning process itself. Questions of method are integral to this thesis. The story told is that of the barrio of La Cienaga. It is at once a particular story; that of one of the oldest barrios of Santo Domingo, the capital city of the Dominican Republic, and of the individuals who live there. It is also a typical story of a deprived inner city area that can be found the world over. Residents of La Cienaga discuss the public spaces of the barrio, the private spaces of their homes and their links and visions of the wider city which surrounds them. Stones tell of what it feels like to live in such a place, how the built environment affects social relations, the possibility of community, aspirations and a sense of self. In the second half of the thesis I look at the story telling process: the purpose of stories: their ability to reveal and heal. I return to my practical concerns and examine the implications of both my method and the findings uncovered in the first half of the thesis, for the concrete recurring problem of the barrio: waste and absent infrastructure. The result is a solution that neither I, nor the barrio residents, could have imagined at the outset.
title: Merged mining : analysis of effects and implications
Creators: name: Zamyatin, Alexei
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Bitcoin
subject: Blockchain
subject: Merged Mining
subject: Mining Pools
subject: Centralization
subject: Proof-of-Work

description: Merged Mining beschreibt das Konzept von parallelem Mining auf mehreren verschiedenen Kryptowährungen, ohne zusätzlichen Einsatz von Rechenleistung für Proof-of-Work. Bei dessen Einführung 2011 war Merged Mining vor allem als Starthilfe für neue Kryptowährungen angedacht und sollte die Fragmentierung von Rechenleistung auf konkurrierende Systeme verhindern. Obwohl Merged Mining bereits in einer signifikanten Zahl an Kryptowährungen eingesetzt wird, ist bisher wenig über dessen Auswirkungen auf die darunterliegenden Systeme bekannt. In dieser Diplomarbeit wird, unter Durchführung der ersten umfangreichen Analyse der praktischen Aspekte von Merged Mining, Aufschluss über dessen Auswirkungen auf Kryptowährungen gegeben. Im Zuge dieser Studie wird, zwecks zuverlässiger Evaluierung von Zentralisierungserscheinungen in Kryptowährungen, ein Schema zur Attributierung generierter Blöcke zu deren ursprünglichen Minern vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen auf, dass Mining Pools signifikante Anteile der Rechenleistung in Kryptowährungen, welche Merged Mining einsetzen, akkumulieren und über lange Zeitraume kontrollieren konnten. In manchen Fällen wurden dadurch die Sicherheitsgarantien des am Kern dieser Systeme liegenden Nakamoto Konsensus ungeltend gemacht. Wir evaluieren die daraus ableitbaren Sicherheitsprobleme für Kryptowährungen und stellen diese Entwicklungen den geplanten Effekten von Merged Mining gegenüber.
description: Merged mining refers to the concept of mining more than one cryptocurrency without necessitating additional proof-of-work effort. Merged mining was introduced in 2011 as a bootstrapping mechanism for new cryptocurrencies and countermeasures against the fragmentation of mining power across competing systems. Although merged mining has already been adopted by a number of cryptocurrencies, to this date little is known about the effects and implications. In this thesis, we shed light on this topic area by performing a comprehensive analysis of merged mining in practice. As part of this analysis, we present a block attribution scheme for mining pools to assist in the evaluation of mining centralization. Our findings disclose that mining pools in merge-mined cryptocurrencies have operated at the edge of, and even beyond, the security guarantees offered by the underlying Nakamoto consensus for extended periods. We discuss the implications and security considerations for these cryptocurrencies and the mining ecosystem as a whole, and link our findings to the intended effects of merged mining.
Additional file 2 of Assessment of violet-blue color formation in Phalaenopsis orchids
Creators: name: Che-Yu Liang
name: Rengasamy, Krishna Preethi
name: Huang, Li-Min
name: Hsu, Chia-Chi
name: Jeng, Mei-Fen
name: Wen-Huei Chen
name: Chen, Hong-Hwa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Flower color of various flowering development stages of violet-blue P. Kenneth Schubert and P. Purple Martin.(A) P. Kenneth Schubert in various flowering development stages range from flower opening (D) and after flower opening 5 days (D + 5), 10 days (D + 10), 15 days (D + 15), and 20 days (D + 20). (B) Flowers of P. Kenneth Schubert and, (C) the whole plant of P. Purple Martin. Scale bar is 2.5 cm.
Haptic search with the Smart Suction Cup on adversarial objects
Creators: name: Lee, Jungpyo
name: Lee, Sebastian D.
name: Huh, Tae Myung
name: Stuart, Hannah S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Suction cups are an important gripper type in industrial robot applications, and prior literature focuses on using vision-based planners to improve grasping success in these tasks. Vision-based planners can fail due to adversarial objects or lose generalizability for unseen scenarios, without retraining learned algorithms. We propose haptic exploration to improve suction cup grasping when visual grasp planners fail. We present the Smart Suction Cup, an end-effector that utilizes internal flow measurements for tactile sensing. We show that model-based haptic search methods, guided by these flow measurements, improve grasping success by up to 2.5x as compared with using only a vision planner during a bin-picking task. In characterizing the Smart Suction Cup on both geometric edges and curves, we find that flow rate can accurately predict the ideal motion direction even with large postural errors. The Smart Suction Cup includes no electronics on the cup itself, such that the design is easy to fabricate and haptic exploration does not damage the sensor. This work motivates the use of suction cups with autonomous haptic search capabilities in especially adversarial scenarios.
description: Accepted final version to appear in the IEEE Transactions on Robotics
title: The Labour Process And Class Consciousness
Creators: name: Cohen, Sheila Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1986

description: This thesis proceeds via a critique of the labour process debate and its central conception of "control" to the attempt to develop an alternative theory of the labour process based on an analysis of exploitation. This involves the use of a classical Marxist model of capitalist economics in which the primary objective of valorisation is emphasised as structuring the organisation of the contemporary labour process. Two aspects of this objective are invoked; that relating to the extraction of surplus value, in which both the intensification and abstraction of labour are noted as continuing tendencies in the development of the labour process, and that relating to the relationship between paid and unpaid labour time, in which the commodity status of labour is seen as central in integrating the issue of subsistence into the heart of the labour process itself. In locating these interlinked strands in the structuring of the labour process the thesis takes on two further tasks: firstly to demonstrate the centrality of contradictions within the capitalist labour process; and secondly to unite objective and subjective in the consideration of that labour process. This latter task shapes the third theme within the thesis , the analysis of worker response or "class consciousness". Our argument in this respect has focussed on the need to recognise worker response and resistance as centrally "economistic", but at the same time has indicated the political implications of such response. Empirical material from the two case studies undertaken within the thesis is presented in order to sustain this argument, along with a briefer survey of some published studies. Overall, the analysis holds that while worker response must be recognised as economistic rather than "control"-oriented, such response is rooted in the contradictions of the capitalist labour process,and can thus be understood as endemically undermining its structures
Additional file 1 of Differing effectiveness of transcranial random noise stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation for enhancing working memory in healthy individuals: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Tokikuni, Yukina
name: Watanabe, Akihiro
name: Nakazono, Hisato
name: Miura, Hiroshi
name: Saito, Ryuji
name: Miaowen, Duan
name: Fuyama, Kanako
name: Takahashi, Keita
name: Okada, Kazufumi
name: Sugawara, Kazuhiro
name: Tohyama, Harukazu
name: Yoshida, Susumu
name: Fong, Kenneth N. K.
name: Sawamura, Daisuke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
VecQ: Minimal Loss DNN Model Compression With Vectorized Weight Quantization
Creators: name: Gong, Cheng
name: Chen, Yao
name: Lu, Ye
name: Li, Tao
name: Hao, Cong
name: Chen, Deming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantization has been proven to be an effective method for reducing the computing and/or storage cost of DNNs. However, the trade-off between the quantization bitwidth and final accuracy is complex and non-convex, which makes it difficult to be optimized directly. Minimizing direct quantization loss (DQL) of the coefficient data is an effective local optimization method, but previous works often neglect the accurate control of the DQL, resulting in a higher loss of the final DNN model accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel metric called Vector Loss. Based on this new metric, we develop a new quantization solution called VecQ, which can guarantee minimal direct quantization loss and better model accuracy. In addition, in order to speed up the proposed quantization process during model training, we accelerate the quantization process with a parameterized probability estimation method and template-based derivation calculation. We evaluate our proposed algorithm on MNIST, CIFAR, ImageNet, IMDB movie review and THUCNews text data sets with numerical DNN models. The results demonstrate that our proposed quantization solution is more accurate and effective than the state-of-the-art approaches yet with more flexible bitwidth support. Moreover, the evaluation of our quantized models on Saliency Object Detection (SOD) tasks maintains comparable feature extraction quality with up to 16$\times$ weight size reduction.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, Journal
Additional file 3 of Assessment of violet-blue color formation in Phalaenopsis orchids
Creators: name: Che-Yu Liang
name: Rengasamy, Krishna Preethi
name: Huang, Li-Min
name: Hsu, Chia-Chi
name: Jeng, Mei-Fen
name: Wen-Huei Chen
name: Chen, Hong-Hwa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Primers used in this study. List of primers for qRT PCR, gene isolation, 5′ and 3′ RACE.
Hydro-inspired parameterizations of freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Florkowski, Wojciech
name: Broniowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Popular parameterizations of the freeze-out conditions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are discussed. Similarities and differences between the blast-wave model and the single-freeze-out model, both used recently to interpret the RHIC data, are outlined. A non-boost-invariant extension of the single-freeze-out model is proposed and applied to describe the recent BRAHMS data.
description: Lecture presented by WF at the XLIV Cracow School of Theoretical Physics, Zakopane, Poland, 28 May - 6 June 2004
Joint fluctuation theorems for sequential heat exchange
Creators: name: Santos, Jader P.
name: Timpanaro, André M.
name: Landi, Gabriel T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistics of heat exchange of a quantum system that collides sequentially with an arbitrary number of ancillas. This can describe, for instance, an accelerated particle going through a bubble chamber. Unlike other approaches in the literature, our focus is on the \emph{joint} probability distribution that heat $Q_1$ is exchanged with ancilla 1, heat $Q_2$ is exchanged with ancilla 2, and so on. This allows one to address questions concerning the correlations between the collisional events. The joint distribution is found to satisfy a Fluctuation theorem of the Jarzynski-Wójcik type. Rather surprisingly, this fluctuation theorem links the statistics of multiple collisions with that of independent single collisions, even though the heat exchanges are statistically correlated.
Why would you put a flashlight in a dark matter detector?
Creators: name: Gibbons, R.
name: Chen, H.
name: Haselschwardt, S. J.
name: Xia, Q.
name: Sorensen, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are solid-state, single-photon sensitive, pixelated sensors whose usage for scintillation detection has rapidly increased over the past decade. It is known that the avalanche process within the device, which renders a single photon detectable, can also generate secondary photons which may be detected by a separate device. This effect, known as external crosstalk, could potentially degrade the science goals of future xenon dark matter experiments. In this article, we measure the effect of external crosstalk in a dual-phase, liquid xenon time projection chamber fully instrumented with SiPMs. We then consider the implications for a future xenon dark matter experiment utilizing SiPMs and discuss possible solutions.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Efficient and Effective Query Auto-Completion
Creators: name: Gog, Simon
name: Pibiri, Giulio Ermanno
name: Venturini, Rossano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Query Auto-Completion (QAC) is an ubiquitous feature of modern textual search systems, suggesting possible ways of completing the query being typed by the user. Efficiency is crucial to make the system have a real-time responsiveness when operating in the million-scale search space. Prior work has extensively advocated the use of a trie data structure for fast prefix-search operations in compact space. However, searching by prefix has little discovery power in that only completions that are prefixed by the query are returned. This may impact negatively the effectiveness of the QAC system, with a consequent monetary loss for real applications like Web Search Engines and eCommerce. In this work we describe the implementation that empowers a new QAC system at eBay, and discuss its efficiency/effectiveness in relation to other approaches at the state-of-the-art. The solution is based on the combination of an inverted index with succinct data structures, a much less explored direction in the literature. This system is replacing the previous implementation based on Apache SOLR that was not always able to meet the required service-level-agreement.
description: Published in SIGIR 2020
Additional file 1 of Heavy chain deposition disease presenting with raised anti-GBM antibody levels; a case report
Creators: name: Turner, Michael
name: Crawford, Anna
name: Winterbottom, Claire
name: Flossmann, Oliver
name: Alchi, Bassam
name: Soares, Maria
name: Umanath Bhandary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Fig. S1. Clinical timeline showing events in patient’s healthcare journey.
Probing the Milky Way's Dark Matter Halo for the 3.5 keV Line
Creators: name: Sicilian, Dominic
name: Cappelluti, Nico
name: Bulbul, Esra
name: Civano, Francesca
name: Moscetti, Massimo
name: Reynolds, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive search for the 3.5 keV line, using $\sim$51 Ms of archival Chandra observations peering through the Milky Way's Dark Matter Halo from across the entirety of the sky, gathered via the Chandra Source Catalog Release 2.0. We consider the data's radial distribution, organizing observations into four data subsets based on angular distance from the Galactic Center. All data is modeled using both background-subtracted and background-modeled approaches to account for the particle instrument background, demonstrating statistical limitations of the currently-available $\sim$1 Ms of particle background data. A non-detection is reported in the total data set, allowing us to set an upper-limit on 3.5 keV line flux and constrain the sterile neutrino dark matter mixing angle. The upper-limit on sin$^2$(2$θ$) is $2.58 \times 10^{-11}$ (though systematic uncertainty may increase this by a factor of $\sim$2), corresponding to the upper-limit on 3.5 keV line flux of $2.34 \times 10^{-7}$ ph s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. These limits show consistency with recent constraints and several prior detections. Non-detections are reported in all radial data subsets, allowing us to constrain the spatial profile of 3.5 keV line intensity, which does not conclusively differ from Navarro-Frenk-White predictions. Thus, while offering heavy constraints, we do not entirely rule out the sterile neutrino dark matter scenario or the more general decaying dark matter hypothesis for the 3.5 keV line. We have also used the non-detection of any unidentified emission lines across our continuum to further constrain the sterile neutrino parameter space.
description: 37 pages, 27 figures, accepted by ApJ
Non-Planar Coil Winding Angle Optimization for Compatibility with Non-Insulated High-Temperature Superconducting Magnets
Creators: name: Paz-Soldan, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapidly emerging technology of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) opens new opportunities for the development of non-planar non-insulated HTS magnets. This type of HTS magnet offers attractive features via its simplicity, robustness, and is well-suited for modest size steady-state applications such as a mid-scale stellarator. In non-planar coil applications the HTS tape may be subject to severe minor-axis bending strain ($ε_{bend}$), torsional strains ($ε_{tor}$) and transverse magnetic field components ($B_\perp$), all of which can limit the magnet operating space. A novel method of winding angle optimization is here presented to overcome these limitations. Essentially, this method: 1) calculates the peak εbend and B\perp for arbitary winding angle along an input coil filamentary trajectory, 2) defines a cost function including both, and then 3) uses tensioned splines to define a winding angle that reduces $ε$tor and optimizes the εbend and $B_\perp$ cost function. As strain limits are present even without $B_\perp$, this optimization is able to provide an assessment of the minimimum buildable size of an arbitrary non-planar non-insulating HTS coil. This optimization finds that for standard 4 mm wide HTS tapes the minimum size coils of the existing HSX, NCSX, and W7-X stellarator geometries are around 0.3 - 0.5 m in radius. For coils larger than this size, permitting a finite (yet tolerable) strain allows reduction of $B_\perp$. This enables a reduction of the HTS tape length required to achieve a given design magnetic field or equivalently an increase in the achievable magnetic field for fixed HTS tape length. The distinct considerations for optimizing a stellarator coilset to further ease compatibility with non-insulated HTS magnets are also discussed.
The upper critical field of filamentary Nb3Sn conductors
Creators: name: Godeke, A.
name: Jewell, M. C.
name: Fischer, C. M.
name: Squitieri, A. A.
name: Lee, P. J.
name: Larbalestier, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have examined the upper critical field of a large and representative set of present multi-filamentary Nb3Sn wires and one bulk sample over a temperature range from 1.4 K up to the zero field critical temperature. Since all present wires use a solid-state diffusion reaction to form the A15 layers, inhomogeneities with respect to Sn content are inevitable, in contrast to some previously studied homogeneous samples. Our study emphasizes the effects that these inevitable inhomogeneities have on the field-temperature phase boundary. The property inhomogeneities are extracted from field-dependent resistive transitions which we find broaden with increasing inhomogeneity. The upper 90-99 % of the transitions clearly separates alloyed and binary wires but a pure, Cu-free binary bulk sample also exhibits a zero temperature critical field that is comparable to the ternary wires. The highest mu0Hc2 detected in the ternary wires are remarkably constant: The highest zero temperature upper critical fields and zero field critical temperatures fall within 29.5 +/- 0.3 T and 17.8 +/- 0.3 K respectively, independent of the wire layout. The complete field-temperature phase boundary can be described very well with the relatively simple Maki-DeGennes model using a two parameter fit, independent of composition, strain state, sample layout or applied critical state criterion.
description: Accepted Journal of Applied Physics Few changes to shorten document, replaced eq. 7-9