cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Востребованное образование в открытом доступе
Creators: name: Засурский, Иван
name: Лагун, Станислав
name: Трищенко, Наталия
Publisher: name: Научный корреспондент
Year: 2018

description: 2-е издание пособия для вузов по открытой публикации выпускных квалификационных работ. В пособии описано, как организовать открытую публикацию учебных и выпускных работ, включая алгоритмы проверки и публикации работы, ее передачи в открытые источники, как правильно использовать открытые лицензии, приведены ответы на часто задаваемые вопросы, а также предложения по проведению конкурсов для дополнительной мотивации студентов. Пособие основано на анализе опыта вузов, первыми опубликовавших работы в открытом доступе. Книга подготовлена в рамках проекта Ресурсного центра по открытой публикации учебных и выпускных квалификационных работ «Научный корреспондент», реализуемого Ассоциацией интернет-издателей с использованием гранта Президента Российской Федерации на развитие гражданского общества, предоставленного Фондом президентских грантов. ISBN 978-5-906982-41-4
Contracts between Legal Persons
Creators: name: Kornhauser, Lewis A.
name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Contract law and the economics of contract have, for the most part, developed independently of each other. In this essay, we brieﬂy review the notion of a contract from the perspective of lawyer, and then use this framework to organize the economics literature on contract. The review thus provides an overview of the literature for economists who are interested in exploring the economic implications of contract law. The title, Contracts between Legal Persons, limits the review to that part of contract law that is generic to any legal person. A legal person is any individual, ﬁrm or government agency with the right to enter into binding agreements. Our goal is to discuss the role of the law in enforcing these agreements under the hypothesis that the legal persons have well deﬁned goals and objectives.
48CK302-558, Side Notched Point, Side 1
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Side Notched
Chert
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a black chert side notched projectile point with a concave base, complete. Provenience: W4-?-6
Widespread Rotationally-Hot Hydronium Ion in the Galactic Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Lis, D. C.
name: Schilke, P.
name: Bergin, E. A.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Black, J. H.
name: Comito, C.
name: De Luca, M.
name: Godard, B.
name: Higgins, R.
name: Petit, F. Le
name: Pearson, J. C.
name: Pellegrini, E. W.
name: Phillips, T. G.
name: Yu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of the (6,6) and (9,9) inversion transitions of the hydronium ion toward Sagittarius B2(N) and W31C. Sensitive observations toward Sagittarius B2(N) show that the high, ~ 500 K, rotational temperatures characterizing the population of the highly-excited metastable H3O+ rotational levels are present over a wide range of velocities corresponding to the Sagittarius B2 envelope, as well as the foreground gas clouds between the Sun and the source. Observations of the same lines toward W31C, a line of sight that does not intersect the Central Molecular Zone, but instead traces quiescent gas in the Galactic disk, also imply a high rotational temperature of ~ 380 K, well in excess of the kinetic temperature of the diffuse Galactic interstellar medium. While it is plausible that some fraction of the molecular gas may be heated to such high temperatures in the active environment of the Galactic center, characterized by high X-ray and cosmic ray fluxes, shocks and high degree of turbulence, this is unlikely in the largely quiescent environment of the Galactic disk clouds. We suggest instead that the highly-excited states of the hydronium ion are populated mainly by exoergic chemical formation processes and temperature describing the rotational level population does not represent the physical temperature of the medium. The same arguments may be applicable to other symmetric top rotors, such as ammonia. This offers a simple explanation to the long-standing puzzle of the presence of a pervasive, hot molecular gas component in the central region of the Milky Way. Moreover, our observations suggest that this is a universal process, not limited to the active environments associated with galactic nuclei.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 10 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
SI for Dispersion and mixing dynamics of bilgewater emulsions in Taylor Couette flows
Creators: name: Panwar, Vishal
name: Vargas, Cassandra N.
name: Dutcher, Cari S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Mass transfer results for the 10 mM NaCl systems
Spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing
Creators: name: He, Dongshan
name: Gao, Dongfeng
name: Cai, Qing-yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interesting idea is that the universe could be spontaneously created from nothing, but no rigorous proof has been given. In this paper, we present such a proof based on the analytic solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation (WDWE). Explicit solutions of the WDWE for the special operator ordering factor p=-2 (or 4) show that, once a small true vacuum bubble is created by quantum fluctuations of the metastable false vacuum, it can expand exponentially no matter whether the bubble is closed, flat or open. The exponential expansion will end when the bubble becomes large and thus the early universe appears. With the de Broglie-Bohm quantum trajectory theory, we show explicitly that it is the quantum potential that plays the role of the cosmological constant and provides the power for the exponential expansion of the true vacuum bubble. So it is clear that the birth of the early universe completely depends on the quantum nature of the theory.
description: The problem of singularity can be avoided naturally as the universe can be spontaneously created from nothing
Magnified image of CK302-14609 with carnivore gnawing on bison innominate
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Innominate
Carnivore Gnawing
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Innominate medial aspect at 11.8 magnification.
Quantumness of correlations in indistinguishable particles
Creators: name: Iemini, Fernando
name: Debarba, Tiago
name: Vianna, Reinaldo O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a general notion of quantum correlations in fermionic or bosonic indistinguishable particles. Our approach is mainly based on the identification of the algebra of single-particle observables, which allows us to devise an activation protocol in which the \textit{quantumness of correlations} in the system leads to a unavoidable creation of entanglement with the measurement apparatus. Using the distillable entanglement, or the relative entropy of entanglement, as entanglement measure, we show that our approach is equivalent to the notion of minimal disturbance in a single-particle von Neumann measurement, also leading to a geometrical approach for its quantification.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Magnified image of CK302-770 with polishing on bone tool from bison thoracic vertebra
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Thoracic Vertebra
Polishing
Bone Tool
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Thoracic Vertebra left dorsal aspect at 8.6 magnification.
Functioning Hardware from Functional Programs
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: To provide high performance at practical power levels, tomorrow’s chips will have to consist primarily of application-specific logic that is only powered on when needed. His paper discusses synthesizing such logic from the functional language Haskell. He proposed approach, which consists of rewriting steps that ultimately dismantle the source program into a simple dialect that enables a syntax-directed translation to hardware, enables aggressive parallelization and the synthesis of application-specific distributed memory systems. Transformations include scheduling arithmetic operations onto specific data paths, replacing recursion with iteration, and improving data locality by inlining recursive types. A compiler based on these principles is under development.
Calibration and performance of the STAR Muon Telescope Detector using cosmic rays
Creators: name: Yang, C.
name: Huang, X. J.
name: Du, C. M.
name: Huang, B. C.
name: Ahammed, Z.
name: Banerjee, A.
name: Bhattarari, P.
name: Biswas, S.
name: Bowen, B.
name: Butterworth, J.
name: Sánchez, M. Calderón de la Barca
name: Carson, H.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Cebra, D.
name: Chen, H. F.
name: Cheng, J. P.
name: Codrington, M.
name: Eppley, G.
name: Flores, C.
name: Geurts, F.
name: Hoffmann, G. W.
name: Jentsch, A.
name: Kesich, A.
name: Li, C.
name: Li, Y. J.
name: Llope, W. J.
name: Mioduszewski, S.
name: Mohamed, Y.
name: Nussbaum, T.
name: Roy, A.
name: Ruan, L.
name: Schambach, J. J.
name: Sun, Y. J.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Xin, K.
name: Xu, Z.
name: Yang, S.
name: Zhu, X. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the timing and spatial resolution from the Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) installed in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Cosmic ray muons traversing the STAR detector have an average transverse momentum of 6 GeV/c. Due to their very small multiple scattering, these cosmic muons provide an ideal tool to calibrate the detectors and measure their timing and spatial resolution. The values obtained were ~100 ps and ~1-2 cm, respectively. These values are comparable to those obtained from cosmic-ray bench tests and test beams.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Institutions and Contract Enforcement
Creators: name: Falk, Armin
name: Huffman, David
name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Labor economics
Management

description: We provide evidence on how two important types of institutions -- dismissal barriers, and bonus pay -- affect contract enforcement behavior in a market with incomplete contracts and repeated interactions. Dismissal barriers are shown to have a strong negative impact on worker performance, and market efficiency, by interfering with firms' use of firing threat as an incentive device. Dismissal barriers also distort the dynamics of worker effort levels over time, cause firms to rely more on the spot market for labor, and create a distribution of relationship lengths in the market that is more extreme, with more very short and more very long relationships. The introduction of a bonus pay option dramatically changes the market outcome. Firms are observed to substitute bonus pay for threat of firing as an incentive device, almost entirely offsetting the negative incentive and efficiency effects of dismissal barriers. Nevertheless, contract enforcement behavior remains fundamentally changed, because the option to pay bonuses causes firms to rely less on long-term relationships. Our results show that market outcomes are the result of a complex interplay between contract enforcement policies and the institutions in which they are embedded.
Chebyshev expansion for Impurity Models using Matrix Product States
Creators: name: Ganahl, Martin
name: Thunström, Patrik
name: Verstraete, Frank
name: Held, Karsten
name: Evertz, Hans Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We improve a recently developed expansion technique for calculating real frequency spectral functions of any one-dimensional model with short-range interactions, by postprocessing computed Chebyshev moments with linear prediction. This can be achieved at virtually no cost and, in sharp contrast to existing methods based on the dampening of the moments, improves the spectral resolution rather than lowering it. We validate the method for the exactly solvable resonating level model and the single impurity Anderson model. It is capable of resolving sharp Kondo resonances, as well as peaks within the Hubbard bands when employed as an impurity solver for dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). Our method works at zero temperature and allows for arbitrary discretization of the bath spectrum. It achieves similar precision as the dynamical density matrix renormalization group (DDMRG), at lower cost. We also propose an alternative expansion, of 1-exp(-tau H) instead of the usual H, which opens the possibility of using established methods for the time evolution of matrix product states to calculate spectral functions directly.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Us and Them - A Study of Privacy Requirements Across North America, Asia, and Europe
Creators: name: Sheth, Swapneel Kalpesh
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: Data privacy when using online systems like Facebook and Amazon has become an increasingly popular topic in the last few years. However, only a little is known about how users and developers perceive privacy and which concrete measures would mitigate privacy concerns. To investigate privacy requirements, we conducted an online survey with closed and open questions and collected 408 valid responses. Our results show that users often reduce privacy to security, with data sharing and data breaches being their biggest concerns. Users are more concerned about the content of their documents and personal data such as location than their interaction data. Unlike users, developers clearly prefer technical measures like data anonymization and think that privacy laws and policies are less effective. We also observed interesting differences between people from different geographies. For example, people from Europe are more concerned about data breaches than people from North America. People from Asia/Pacific and Europe believe that content and metadata are more critical for privacy than people from North America. Our results contribute to developing a user-driven privacy framework that is based on empirical evidence in addition to the legal, technical, and commercial perspectives.
Magnified image of CK302-2303 with polishing on bone tool from bison metatarsal
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metatarsal
Polishing
Bone Tool
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Metatarsal lateral aspect at 8.4 magnification.
Supplementary document for Optical beam scanner with reconfigurable non-mechanical control of beam position, angle and focus for low-cost whole-eye OCT imaging - 6490384.pdf
Creators: name: Urizar, Pilar
name: Gambra, Enrique
name: de Castro, Alberto
name: De la Peña, Álvaro
name: Cetinkaya, Onur
name: Marcos, Susana
name: Curatolo, Andrea
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ophthalmology and Optometry not elsewhere classified
Classical and Physical Optics
Optical Networks and Systems
Biomedical Instrumentation

description: Supplemental Document
On the deceleration of FRI jets: mass loading by stellar-winds
Creators: name: Perucho, Manel
name: Martí, José María
name: Laing, Robert A.
name: Hardee, Philip E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jets in low-luminosity radio galaxies are known to decelerate from relativistic speeds on parsec scales to mildly or sub-relativistic speeds on kiloparsec scales. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this effect, including strong reconfinement shocks and the growth of instabilities (both leading to boundary-layer entrainment) and mass loading from stellar winds or molecular clouds. We have performed a series of axisymmetric simulations of the early evolution of jets in a realistic ambient medium to probe the effects of mass loading from stellar winds using the code Ratpenat. We study the evolution of Fanaroff-Riley Class I (FRI) jets, with kinetic powers L_j \sim 1.e41-1.e44 erg/s, within the first 2 kpc of their evolution, where deceleration by stellar mass loading should be most effective. Mass entrainment rates consistent with present models of stellar mass loss in elliptical galaxies produce deceleration and effective decollimation of weak FRI jets within the first kiloparsec. However, powerful FRI jets are not decelerated significantly. In those cases where the mass loading is important, the jets show larger opening angles and decollimate at smaller distances, but the overall structure and dynamics of the bow-shock are similar to those of unloaded jets with the same power and thrust. According to our results, the flaring observed on kpc scales is initiated by mass loading in the weaker FRI jets and by reconfinement shocks or the growth of instabilities in the more powerful jets. The final mechanism of decollimation and deceleration is always the development of disruptive pinching modes.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
48CK302-353, Distal Fragment, Side 2
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Quartzite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a purple-gray quartzite projectile point tip fragment. used to refit with 48CK302-476. Provenience: E1-1-15"
Heterogeneous Access: Survey and Design Considerations
Creators: name: Singh, Amandeep
name: Ormazabal, Gaston
name: Addepalli, Sateesh
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: As voice, multimedia, and data services are converging to IP, there is a need for a new networking architecture to support future innovations and applications. Users are consuming Internet services from multiple devices that have multiple network interfaces such as Wi-Fi, LTE, Bluetooth, and possibly wired LAN. Such diverse network connectivity can be used to increase both reliability and performance by running applications over multiple links, sequentially for seamless user experience, or in parallel for bandwidth and performance enhancements. The existing networking stack, however, offers almost no support for intelligently exploiting such network, device, and location diversity. In this work, we survey recently proposed protocols and architectures that enable heterogeneous networking support. Upon evaluation, we abstract common design patterns and propose a unified networking architecture that makes better use of a heterogeneous dynamic environment, both in terms of networks and devices. The architecture enables mobile nodes to make intelligent decisions about how and when to use each or a combination of networks, based on access policies. With this new architecture, we envision a shift from current applications, which support a single network, location, and device at a time to applications that can support multiple networks, multiple locations, and multiple devices.
Macroeconomic Effects of Federal Reserve Forward Guidance [with Comments and Discussion]
Creators: name: Campbell, Jeffrey R.
name: Evans, Charles L.
name: Fisher, Jonas D. M.
name: Justiniano, Alejandro
name: Calomiris, Charles W.
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: A large output gap accompanied by stable inflation close to its target calls for further monetary accommodation, but the zero lower bound on interest rates has robbed the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) of the usual tools for its provision. We examine how public statements of FOMC intentions-forward guidance-can substitute for lower rates at the zero bound. We distinguish between Odyssean forward guidance, which publicly commits the FOMC to a future action, and Delphic forward guidance, which merely forecasts macroeconomic performance and likely monetary policy actions. Others have shown how forward guidance that commits the central bank to keeping rates at zero for longer than conditions would otherwise warrant can provide monetary easing, if the public trusts it. We empirically characterize the responses of asset prices and private macroeconomic forecasts to FOMC forward guidance, both before and since the recent financial crisis. Our results show that the FOMC has extensive experience successfully telegraphing its intended adjustments to evolving conditions, so communication difficulties do not present an insurmountable barrier to Odyssean forward guidance. Using an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, we investigate how pairing such guidance with bright-line rules for launching rate increases can mitigate risks to the Federal Reserve's price stability mandate.
48CK302-525, Side Notched Point, Side 2
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Side Notched
Quartzite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a brown quartzite side notched projectile point, missing the tip. Provenience: W3-?-36" Screen
Diagnosis and Unnecessary Procedure Use: Evidence from C-Section
Creators: name: Currie, Janet
name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Public health
Medicine

description: This paper develops and applies a model in which doctors have two dimensions of skill: diagnostic skill and skill performing procedures. Higher procedural skill increases the use of intensive procedures across the board, while better diagnostic skill results in fewer intensive procedures for the low risk, but more for the high risk. Deriving empirical analogues to our theoretical measures for the case of C- section, we show that improving diagnostic skill would reduce C-section rates by 15.8% among the lowest risk, and increase them by 4.7% among the high risk while improving outcomes among all women.
NuSTAR results and future plans for magnetar and rotation-powered pulsar observations
Creators: name: An, Hongjun
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Archibald, Robert
name: Bachetti, Matteo
name: Bhalerao, Varun
name: Bellm, Eric C.
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Chakrabarty, Deepto
name: Christensen, Finn E.
name: Craig, William W.
name: Dufour, Francois
name: Forster, Karl
name: Gotthelf, Eric V.
name: Grefenstette, Brian W.
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Hascoet, Romain
name: Kitaguchi, Takao
name: Kouveliotou, Chryssa
name: Madsen, Kristin K.
name: Mori, Kaya
name: Pivovaroff, Michael J.
name: Rana, Vikram R.
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Tendulkar, Shriharsh
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Vogel, Julia K.
name: Zhang, William W.
name: Team, the NuSTAR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) is the first focusing hard X-ray mission in orbit and operates in the 3-79 keV range. NuSTAR's sensitivity is roughly two orders of magnitude better than previous missions in this energy band thanks to its superb angular resolution. Since its launch in 2012 June, NuSTAR has performed excellently and observed many interesting sources including four magnetars, two rotation-powered pulsars and the cataclysmic variable AE Aquarii. NuSTAR also discovered 3.76-s pulsations from the transient source SGR J1745-29 recently found by Swift very close to the Galactic Center, clearly identifying the source as a transient magnetar. For magnetar 1E 1841-045, we show that the spectrum is well fit by an absorbed blackbody plus broken power-law model with a hard power-law photon index of ~1.3. This is consistent with previous results by INTEGRAL and RXTE. We also find an interesting double-peaked pulse profile in the 25-35 keV band. For AE Aquarii, we show that the spectrum can be described by a multi-temperature thermal model or a thermal plus non-thermal model; a multi-temperature thermal model without a non-thermal component cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, we do not see a spiky pulse profile in the hard X-ray band, as previously reported based on Suzaku observations. For other magnetars and rotation-powered pulsars observed with NuSTAR, data analysis results will be soon available.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten (AN), Proceedings of the XMM-Newton 2013 Science Workshop "The Fast and the Furious: Energetic Phenomena in Isolated Neutron Stars, Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Supernova Remnants"
What’s Wrong with Economic Models? A Response to John Kay
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Economics
Economic history

description: From page 1 -- 'John Kay’s thought-provoking essay1 argues that economists have been led astray by excessive reliance on formal models derived from assumptions that bear too little similarity to the world we live in. And it is surely true that at least at times, disastrous decisions have been made through reliance on models that proved to be incorrect. Some of the statistical models used by financial institutions to value derivative securities based on mortgages just before the recent financial crisis provide a case in point.

But I do not believe that the route to sounder economic reasoning will involve an abandonment of economists’ penchant for reasoning with the use of models. Models allow the internal consistency of a proposed argument to be checked with greater precision; they allow more finely-grained differentiation among alternative hypotheses, and they allow longer and more subtle chains of reasoning to be deployed without both author and reader becoming hopelessly tangled in them. Nor do I believe it is true that economists who are more given to the use of formal mathematical analysis are generally more dogmatic in their conclusions than those who customarily rely upon more informal styles of argument. Often, reasoning from formal models makes it easier to see how strong are the assumptions required for an argument to be valid, and how different one’s conclusions may be depending on modest changes in specific assumptions. And whether or not any given practitioner of economic modeling is inclined to honestly assess the fragility of his conclusions, the use of a model to justify those conclusions makes it easy for others to see what assumptions have been relied upon, and hence to challenge them. As a result, the resort to argumentation based on models facilitates the general project of critical inquiry that represents, in my view, our best hope for some eventual approach toward truth.'
The Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth
Creators: name: Rodrik, Dani
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: I show that undervaluation of the currency (a high real exchange rate) stimulates economic growth. This is true particularly for developing countries. This finding is robust to using different measures of the real exchange rate and different estimation techniques. I also provide some evidence that the operative channel is the size of the tradable sector (especially industry). These results suggest that tradables suffer disproportionately from the government or market failures that keep poor countries from converging toward countries with higher incomes. I present two categories of explanations for why this may be so, the first focusing on institutional weaknesses, and the second on product-market failures. A formal model elucidates the linkages between the real exchange rate and the rate of economic growth.
Does the Decline of the Canadian Manufacturing Sector Matter?
Creators: name: Yean, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Trade
Economics
China Shock
Manufacturing Sector
Deindustrialization
Trade deficit
Canadian Manufacturing

description: In this paper, we first analyze the historical data for the Canadian manufacturing sector, in terms of output and employment. We can clearly see this sector is declining, especially after the early 2000s. We then explore the causes for the decline and find that import competition and offshoring explain a large proportion of the decline, especially after China joined WTO in 2001. Whether or not this decline matters, our evidence shows manufacturing has unrivaled importance for the health of the economy, the labour market, international trade, global competitiveness, social and political impacts, as well as supply chain security and national security. We conclude that not only does the manufacturing decline and low level of output matter, but it is urgent for the government to come up with a multi-faceted strategy to reverse the trend and revitalize the sector. As the world is entering a fourth industrial revolution, it is vital to have a healthy and growing manufacturing sector. Based on our findings, we propose a ten-year vision for the Canadian manufacturing sector, and provide a set of realistic policy suggestions for the government to consider.
A numerical method to calculate the muon relaxation function in the presence of diffusion
Creators: name: Allodi, Giuseppe
name: De Renzi, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an accurate and efficient method to calculate the effect of random fluctuations of the local field at the muon, for instance in the case muon diffusion, within the framework of the strong collision approximation. The method is based on a reformulation of the Markovian process over a discretized time base, leading to a summation equation for the muon polarization function which is solved by discrete Fourier transform. The latter is formally analogous, though not identical, to the integral equation of the original continuous-time model, solved by Laplace transform. With real-case parameter values, the solution of the discrete-time strong collision model is found to approximate the continuous-time solution with excellent accuracy even with a coarse-grained time sampling. Its calculation by the fast Fourier transform algorithm is very efficient and suitable for real time fitting of experimental data even on a slow computer.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Determination of loading in the lower limb joints during step-forward lunge in fencing
Creators: name: Błażkiewicz, Michalina
name: Borysiuk, Zbigniew
name: Gzik, Marek
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2018
Subjects: sabre, kinetics, joint torque, Isometric contraction, inverse dynamics

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 04/2018; ISSN 1509-409X
The influence of a thoracolumbosacral orthosis on gait performance in healthy adults during walking
Creators: name: Van Criekinge, Tamaya
name: Truijen, Steven
name: Hallemans, Ann
name: Saeys, Wim
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2018
Subjects: torso, orthotic devices, locomotion, kinematics, biomechanical phenomenon

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 04/2018; ISSN 1509-409X
Spin-down dynamics of magnetized solar-type stars
Creators: name: Oglethorpe, Rosie
name: Garaud, Pascale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has long been known that solar-type stars undergo significant spin-down, via magnetic braking, during their Main-Sequence lifetimes. However, magnetic braking only operates on the surface layers; it is not yet completely understood how angular momentum is transported within the star, and how rapidly the spin-down information is communicated to the deep interior. In this work, we use insight from recent progress in understanding internal solar dynamics to model the interior of other solar-type stars. We assume, following Gough and McIntyre (1998), that the bulk of the radiation zone of these stars is held in uniform rotation by the presence of an embedded large-scale primordial field, confined below a stably-stratified, magnetic-free tachocline by large-scale meridional flows downwelling from the convection zone. We derive simple equations to describe the response of this model interior to spin-down of the surface layers, that are identical to the two-zone model of MacGregor and Brenner (1991), with a coupling timescale proportional to the local Eddington-Sweet timescale across the tachocline. This timescale depends both on the rotation rate of the star and on the thickness of the tachocline, and can vary from a few hundred thousand years to a few Gyr, depending on stellar properties. Qualitative predictions of the model appear to be consistent with observations, although depend sensitively on the assumed functional dependence of the tachocline thickness on the stellar rotation rate.
description: Published in ApJ
Inflation Targeting: Fix It, Don't Scrap It
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: Should inflation targeting go? This column claims that the key arguments for inflation targets retain their force. The dramatic, Crisis-linked actions raise doubts about central banks’ longer-run intentions and credibility, and strengthen the case for keeping the trusted framework. Abandoning it to start from scratch would amplify rather than mitigate such doubts. Fine-tuning inflation targeting is the answer.
Magnified image of CK302-2303 with polishing on bone tool from bison metatarsal
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metatarsal
Polishing
Bone Tool
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Metatarsal anterior lateral aspect at 8.4 magnification.
Foldscope: Origami-based paper microscope
Creators: name: Cybulski, James
name: Clements, James
name: Prakash, Manu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we describe an ultra-low-cost origami-based approach for large-scale manufacturing of microscopes, specifically demonstrating brightfield, darkfield, and fluorescence microscopes. Merging principles of optical design with origami enables high-volume fabrication of microscopes from 2D media. Flexure mechanisms created via folding enable a flat compact design. Structural loops in folded paper provide kinematic constraints as a means for passive self-alignment. This light, rugged instrument can survive harsh field conditions while providing a diversity of imaging capabilities, thus serving wide-ranging applications for cost-effective, portable microscopes in science and education.
48CK302-410, Side Notched Point, Side 2
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Side Notched
Quartzite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a tan quartzite side notched projectile point, missing part of the distal end. Provenience: N1-1-5.8'
Assessment of postural stability in patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with LARS and autogenous graft
Creators: name: Płocki, Jędrzej
name: Kotela, Ireneusz
name: Bejer, Agnieszka
name: Piotr, Pelikan
name: Granek, Arkadiusz
name: Krawczyk-Suszek, Marlena
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2018
Subjects: postural stability, knee, ACL reconstruction, LARS, knee function

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 04/2018; ISSN 1509-409X
Magnified image of CK302-17214 with cut marks on bison metapodial
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metapodial
Cut Marks
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Metapodial caudal aspect at 24.2 magnification.
Comments on the Symposium on Interest and Prices
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Economics
Economic history

description: The papers prepared for this symposium cover a great deal of ground. It is a pleasure to be able to respond to them, as this provides an opportunity to try to clarify some of the aims of my book (Woodford 2003) that may have been insufficiently clear in the original work. But I shall have to restrict my attention to only a few of the most important issues raised in the various papers. I shall consider three classes of issues in particular: the methodology adopted in the book, the role of “cashless” models, and the connection between my work and the Wicksellian tradition.
48CK302-466, Point Tip Fragment, Side 1
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Tip
Quartzite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a purple quartzite projectile point tip fragment, some cortex still present. Provenience: N1-?-7
48CK302-456, Tri-Notched Point, Side 1
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Tri-Notched
Quartzite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of an orange quartzite tri-notched projectile point, part of base and midsection only, missing one tang. Provenience: N1-?-2
An update of muon capture on hydrogen
Creators: name: Pastore, S.
name: Myhrer, F.
name: Kubodera, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The successful precision measurement of the rate of muon capture on a proton by the MuCap Collaboration allows for a stringent test of the current theoretical understanding of this process. Chiral perturbation theory, which is a low-energy effective field theory that preserves the symmetries and the pattern of symmetry breaking in the underlying theory of QCD, offers a systematic framework for describing $μp$ capture and provides a basic test of QCD at the hadronic level. We describe how this effective theory with no free parameters reproduces the measured capture rate. A recent study has addressed new sources of uncertainties that were not considered in the previous works, and we review to what extent these uncertainties are now under control. Finally, the rationale for studying muon capture on the deuteron and some recent theoretical developments regarding this process are discussed.
description: A mini-review article, 14 pages and 1 figure
Magnified image of CK302-16314 with polishing on a bison anterior metapodial
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Anterior Metapodial
Polishing
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Anterior Metapodial lateral aspect at 14.3 magnification.
Heeding Daedalus: Optimal Inflation and the Zero Lower Bound
Creators: name: Williams, John C.
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper reexamines the implications for monetary policy of the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates in light of recent experience. The ZLB contributed little to the sharp output declines in many economies in 2008, but it is a significant factor slowing recovery. Model simulations imply that an additional 4 percentage points of rate cuts would have limited the rise in the U.S. unemployment rate and would bring unemployment and inflation more quickly to steady-state values, but the ZLB precludes these actions, at a cost of $1.8 trillion in forgone U.S. output over four years. If recent events presage a shift to a significantly more adverse macroeconomic climate, then 2 percent steady-state inflation may provide an inadequate buffer against the ZLB, assuming a standard Taylor rule. Stronger countercyclical fiscal policy or alternative monetary policy strategies could mitigate the ZLB’s effects, but even with such policies an inflation target of 1 percent or lower could entail significant costs.
Lithium atom storage in nanoporous cellulose via surface induced $\rm Li_2$ breakage
Creators: name: Boström, Mathias
name: Huang, Dan
name: Yang, Weihong
name: Persson, Clas
name: Sernelius, Bo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a physical mechanism that enhances a splitting of diatomic $\rm Li_2$ at cellulose surfaces. The origin of this splitting is a possible surface induced diatomic excited state resonance repulsion. The atomic Li is then free to form either physical or chemical bonds with the cellulose surface and even diffuse into the cellulose layer structure. This allows for an enhanced storage capacity of atomic Li in nanoporous cellulose
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Decaying Dark Atom constituents and cosmic positron excess
Creators: name: Belotsky, Konstantin
name: Khlopov, Maxim
name: Kouvaris, Chris
name: Laletin, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scenario where dark matter is in the form of dark atoms that can accomodate the experimentally observed excess of positrons in PAMELA and AMS-02 while being compatible with the constraints imposed on the gamma-ray flux from Fermi/LAT. This scenario assumes that the dominant component of dark matter is in the form of a bound state between a helium nucleus and a $-2$ particle and a small component is in the form of a WIMP-like dark atom compatible with direct searches in underground detectors. One of the constituents of this WIMP-like state is a $+2$ metastable particle with a mass of 1 TeV or slightly below that by decaying to $e^+e^+$, $μ^+ μ^+$ and $τ^+ τ^+$ produces the observed positron excess. These decays can naturally take place via GUT interactions. If it exists, such a metastable particle can be found in the next run of LHC. The model predicts also the ratio of leptons over baryons in the Universe to be close to -3.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Advances in High Energy Physics
Comment on "Interest Rate Signals and Central Bank Transparency"
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: This chapter makes an important contribution to the literature on the advantages and disadvantages of central-bank transparency. The most influential recent contribution on this topic has been the analysis of Morris and Shin (2002), who use a simple, highly stylized model of central bank communication to make the point that it is possible for full transparency not to be the optimal policy. In the model of Morris and Shin, the central bank has (imperfectly precise) information about a random fundamental state that is not directly observable by private decision makers, but the value of which is relevant to their decisions; the question posed is how precise a measure of its information it is desirable for the central bank to publicly reveal. Morris and Shin point out that the mere presumption that it would be desirable to increase the precision with which private decisions track the unobserved fundamental does not suffice to answer this question, for one can imagine circumstances under which a more precise announcement by the central bank actually reduces the average conformity of private decision makers' actions with the fundamental, even though it increases the precision of each of their estimates of the fundamental.
Magnified image of CK302-16312 with polishing on a bison posterior metapodial
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Posterior Metapodial
Polishing
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Posterior Metapodial anterior aspect at 14.9 magnification.
Aufarbeitung von Doping und Zwangsdoping im DDR-Sport der drei Nordbezirke
Creators: name: Schreen, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine
subject: 943 General history of Europe Central Europe Germany

description: In dieser Dissertation erfolgte die retrospektive Untersuchung des systematischen Dopings innerhalb der drei Nordbezirke der DDR. Zielsetzung der Arbeit war es, medizinische und sportmedizinische Auswirkungen des staatlich organisierten Dopings innerhalb dieser Region zu untersuchen. Ein Sportlerkollektiv von 312 Personen konnte untersucht werden. Hierbei wurden Parameter wie verwendete Dopingsubstanzen, Nebenwirkungsprofil und Zusammenhang zwischen Sportart und Dopingverhalten untersucht.