Ecological restoration across the Mediterranean Basin as viewed by practitioners
Creators: name: Nunes, Alice
name: Oliveira, Graca
name: Mexia, Teresa
name: Valdecantos, Alejandro
name: Zucca, Claudio
name: Costantini, Edoardo A.C.
name: Abraham, Eleni M.
name: Kyriazopoulos, Apostolos P.
name: Salah, Ayman
name: Prasse, Rüdiger
name: Correia, Otilia
name: Milliken, Sarah
name: Kotzen, Benz
name: Branquinho, Cristina
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Drylands
subject: Ecological restoration practice index
subject: Native species
subject: Provenance
subject: Restoration success
subject: Survey
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Climate change
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecosystems
subject: Seed
subject: Social aspects
subject: Surveying
subject: Surveys
subject: Climate change scenarios
subject: Dry land
subject: Ecological restoration
subject: Information exchanges
subject: Long term monitoring
subject: Long-term evaluation
subject: Restoration
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Restoration efforts in the Mediterranean Basin have been changing from a silvicultural to an ecological restoration approach. Yet, to what extent the projects are guided by ecological restoration principles remains largely unknown. To analyse this issue, we built an on-line survey addressed to restoration practitioners.We analysed 36 restoration projects, mostly from drylands (86%). The projects used mainly soil from local sources. The need to comply with legislation was more important as a restoration motive for European Union (EU) than for non-EU countries, while public opinion and health had a greater importance in the latter. Non-EU countries relied more on non-native plant species than EU countries, thus deviating from ecological restoration guidelines. Nursery-grown plants used were mostly of local or regional provenance, whilst seeds were mostly of national provenance. Unexpected restoration results (e.g. inadequate biodiversity) were reported for 50% of the projects and restoration success was never evaluated in 22%. Long term evaluation (&gt;. 6 years) was only performed in 31% of cases, and based primarily on plant diversity and cover. The use of non-native species and species of exogenous provenances may: i) entail the loss of local genetic and functional trait diversity, critical to cope with drought, particularly under the predicted climate change scenarios, and ii) lead to unexpected competition with native species and/or negatively impact local biotic interactions. Absent or inappropriate monitoring may prevent the understanding of restoration trajectories, precluding adaptive management strategies, often crucial to create functional ecosystems able to provide ecosystem services. The overview of ecological restoration projects in the Mediterranean Basin revealed high variability among practices and highlighted the need for improved scientific assistance and information exchange, greater use of native species of local provenance, and more long-term monitoring and evaluation, including functional and ecosystem services' indicators, to improve and spread the practice of ecological restoration. © 2016 The Authors.