cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Millimeter Flares and VLBI Visibilities from Relativistic Simulations of Magnetized Accretion onto the Galactic Center Black Hole
Creators: name: Dexter, Jason
name: Agol, Eric
name: Fragile, P. Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent VLBI observation of the Galactic center black hole candidate Sgr A* at 1.3mm shows source structure on event-horizon scales. This detection enables a direct comparison of the emission region with models of the accretion flow onto the black hole. We present the first results from time-dependent radiative transfer of general relativistic MHD simulation data, and compare simulated synchrotron images at black hole spin a=0.9 with the VLBI measurements. After tuning the accretion rate to match the millimeter flux, we find excellent agreement between predicted and observed visibilities, even when viewed face-on (i < 30 degrees). VLBI measurements on 2000-3000km baselines should constrain the inclination. The data constrain the accretion rate to be (1.0-2.3)x10^-9 M_sun / yr with 99% confidence, consistent with but independent of prior estimates derived from spectroscopic and polarimetric measurements. Finally, we compute light curves, which show that magnetic turbulence can directly produce flaring events with .5 hour rise times, 2-3.5 hour durations and 40-50% flux modulation, in agreement with observations of Sgr A* at millimeter wavelengths.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJL
Classification of continuously transitive circle groups
Creators: name: Giblin, James
name: Markovic, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E10, 22A05, 54H11

description: Let G be a closed transitive subgroup of Homeo(S^1) which contains a non-constant continuous path f: [0,1] --> G. We show that up to conjugation G is one of the following groups: SO(2,R), PSL(2,R), PSL_k(2,R), Homeo_k(S^1), Homeo(S^1). This verifies the classification suggested by Ghys [Enseign. Math. 47 (2001) 329-407]. As a corollary we show that the group PSL(2,R) is a maximal closed subgroup of Homeo(S^1) (we understand this is a conjecture of de la Harpe). We also show that if such a group G < Homeo(S^1) acts continuously transitively on k-tuples of points, k>3, then the closure of G is Homeo(S^1) (cf Bestvina's collection of `Questions in geometric group theory').
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 18 September 2006
Performance Improvement of LTS Undulators for Synchrotron Light Sources
Creators: name: Barzi, Emanuela
name: Takeuchi, Masaki
name: Turrioni, Daniele
name: Kikuchi, Akihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The joint expertise of ANL and FNAL has led to the production of Nb3Sn undulator magnets in operation in the ANL Advanced Photon Source (APS). These magnets showed performance reproducibility close to the short sample limit, and a design field increase of 20% at 820A. However, the long training did not allow obtaining the expected 50% increase of the on-axis magnetic field with respect to the ~1 T produced at 450 A current in the ANL NbTi undulator. To address this, 10-pole long undulator prototypes were fabricated, and CTD-101K was replaced as impregnation material with TELENE, an organic olefin-based thermosetting dicyclopentadiene resin produced by RIMTEC Corporation, Japan. Training and magnet retraining after a thermal cycle were nearly eliminated, with only a couple of quenches needed before reaching short sample limit at over 1,100 A. TELENE will enable operation of Nb3Sn undulators much closer to their short sample limit, expanding the energy range and brightness intensity of light sources. TELENE is Co-60 gamma radiation resistant up to 7-8 MGy, and therefore already applicable to impregnate planar, helical and universal devices operating in lower radiation environments than high energy colliders.
description: ASC 2024
Mother’s Baby, Father’s Maybe – Intestate Succession
Creators: name: Davison, Camille M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: When the renowned chess genius Bobby Fischer died, his body was exhumed in order to determine whether his genetic samples matched samples from a child whose mother claimed he fathered outside of a marital union. Bobby Fischer was domiciled in Iceland and under Icelandic law, if there had been a genetic connection, the child would have been the sole legal heir of his intestate estate. The law is not so clear in the United States. Each state has enacted laws of intestate succession. While the laws in all fifty states provide that a child born out of wedlock is automatically his or her mother’s legal child, state statutes vary substantially as to when that same child is entitled to an intestate inheritance from or through his or her genetic father. If Fischer, the Chicago native, had been domiciled in North Carolina at his death, even if DNA had established a genetic relationship between Fisher and the child, the child would still have been precluded from inheriting her father’s estate. In North Carolina, a biological or genetic connection is not enough to constitute a paternal legal heir without strict compliance with statutory formalities. In contrast, if Fischer had been domiciled in Georgia, and through clear and convincing evidence a genetic relationship was established, the child would inherit from her father’s estate as his legal child. As one can see, in the United States, paternal inheritance depends on the state of the father’s domicile. As such, when we discuss the out of wedlock child and his or her right to inherit family wealth through intestate succession, the old adage “Mother’s baby,father’s maybe” comes to mind. In this paper, I suggest that each of the fifty states should, like Georgia and other similarly situated states, follow the trend of Icelandic law in the area of intestate succession. Specifically, where clear and convincing evidence (either before or after afather’s death) determines that a father is the genetic parent of a child, and there has been no formal adoption of the child, such child should be entitled to an intestate share of his or her father’s estate in the same manner as a child born to a married parents.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 22 No. 2 (2011)
The Rising Bar for Persecution in Asylum Cases Involving Sexual and Reproductive Harm
Creators: name: Marouf, Fatma E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: This Article argues that there is a rising bar for establishing persecution in U.S. asylum cases involving sexual and reproductive harm. Analyzing recent cases, the Article shows that adjudicators tend to apply a higher standard for physical harm in these types of cases and largely overlook nonphysical harm, including psychological suffering and the intangible harm caused by deprivation of equality, autonomy, and privacy. The Article focuses specifically on two types of cases where these patterns appear: (1) female genital mutilation (FGM); and (2) involuntary insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). Regarding FGM, the Article discusses an emerging dispute as to whether Type I FGM (clitoridectomy) constitutes persecution. With respect to involuntary IUDs, the Article analyzes a decision by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) requiring aggravating circumstances for the harm to constitute persecution, as well as recent circuit court decisions reviewing the application of this problematic precedent to other cases. The Article then argues that using international human rights law to identify and evaluate various types of harm would lead to a much more comprehensive and principled analysis of persecution and would likely lead to different results in these types of cases.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2011)
What if Sharia Weren’t the Enemy: Rethinking International Women’s Rights Advocacy on Islamic Law
Creators: name: Quraishi, Asifa
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: For many women’s rights activists working internationally, especially those coming from a western context, sharia is believed to be a major obstacle to women’s rights. In order to protect women from Muslim religious law, these advocates often position themselves aggressively against so-called sharia legislation and sharia in general. I believe that this approach is counterproductive and ultimately exacerbates, rather than improves, the situation for women living in Muslim-majority countries. In this article, I explain how current global feminist strategies have helped create an unwinnable and unnecessary war: that of sharia vs. women’s rights. Drawing on observations incident to my work on the zina (extra-marital sex) laws in Nigeria and Pakistan, I argue for an alternative: women’s rights advocates concerned about the situation of Muslim women around the world would do better not to mention Islamic law at all. This would be a major strategy shift, requiring significant restraint on the part of western secular feminist activists, but I believe it is worth it. I explain how, with this shift in approach, internationally-active women’s rights advocates might more effectively contribute to securing rights for women in Muslim-majority countries. This shift could also open up a new appreciation for a wider spectrum of feminism, including that coming from a sharia-mindful perspective. In short, I argue for a world of advocacy for women that is nuanced and sophisticated and works with—not against—the reality of sharia in Muslim lives.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2011)
Equal Pay for Equal Work – The Distributional Effects of the Assignment Policy for Military Women
Creators: name: Dieckmann, Christina M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: In September 2003, Captain Kellie McCoy was leading a platoon of soldiers in a four-truck convoy on an Iraqi highway between Fallujah and Ramadi when her platoon was ambushed. The lead truck hit an Improvised Explosive Device (lED) as another lED detonated behind it. The enemy rushed the convoy from both sides of the road, firing at the trucks with rifles and rocket-propelled grenades. Captain McCoy’s Humvee was the only one that survived the attack; the other three vehicles were badly damaged by the bombs and by small arms fire, and several of the soldierswere wounded. With cover only from the rooftop gunner and her own M-4 carbine, Captain McCoy managed to rescue all of the men from the other trucks while under continuous fire from the attackers, eventually driving the four- seat Humvee loaded with twelve passengers to safety. For her actions that afternoon, Captain McCoy was awarded the Bronze Star.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2011)
Path-following control strategy for gantry virtual track train based on distributed virtual driving model
Creators: name: Leng, Han
name: Ren, Lihui
name: Ji, Yuanjin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, a chained architecture of virtual track train (VTT), gantry virtual track train (G-VTT), was proposed. The distributed virtual driving model (DVD model) for G-VTT was proposed to realise the automatic tracking of paths with arbitrary ommon curves. The core of the DVD model is the cascade modular wheel steering angle (WSA) control algorithm based on the optimal lateral acceleration (OLA) of tracking points. A local tracking objective function based on 2-norm was established to find the OLA in the preview window, thereby the optimal local trajectory was realised. The cascade structure of the algorithm gives the DVD model the advantages of modularity and high scalability, facilitating the cascade control of an n-unit G-VTT. The proposed control strategy was verified by co-simulation of G-VTT dynamics model and the DVD model. Results show that the DVD model can effectively improve the path-following ability and small-curve-passing capacity of the G-VTT with remarkable reduction of the lateral deviation (up to about 99.16%) and turning passageway width (about 59.71%); Besides, the yaw and anti-jackknifing stability of the train are also significantly improved, and the DVD model is well adaptable to speed, curve radius, and payload.
Absent Friends: Scenes of Address and an Ethic of Self-Making
Creators: name: Kaplan, Morris B.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Why friendship? In what ways does it provide a topic for philosophy or theory? Why friendship now? How might Judith Butler help us to address this question, why ever and from wherever it comes? The title of this panel already suggests some of the reasons one might want or need to reflect on friendship. It appears conjoined there with “kinship” and “ethics of the self.” Kinship as a theme has been problematized, compromised fatally perhaps, by its links to compulsory heterosexuality and to structuralist theories that reinscribe traditional marriage and gender hierarchy in a field of the symbolic that, it is said, is more a matter of culture than nature. This structure is not simply social but rather a transcendental condition of the possibility of language, of culture, even of intelligibility itself.’ The critique of such notions has been advanced in the work of Judith Butler from Gender Trouble through Antigone’ Claim and beyond in lectures, essays and books. What alternatives may we find to systems of kinship that may be “always already heterosexual”? Hegel argued forcefully that family relations, although a necessary complement to civil society in configuring modern ethical life, are transcended by the state-in particular, the modern constitutional state grounded in the recognition of freedom, equality and human rights. However, as Butler forcefully argues in Antigone’s Claim, for Hegel, the ethical status of the state is realized in its capacity to wage war and to ask mothers to sacrifice their sons, wives their husbands, and sisters their brothers in defense of its superior right (and might). By the end of the twentieth century, if not earlier, it had become almost impossible to embrace this alternative to “traditional family values” without buying into the totalizing claims of the national security state with its commitments to preemptive wars against foes with imaginary weapons of mass destruction and to a potentially endless war against nothing less than terror itself.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
S1 Figure; S1 Table from Lyme disease transmission by severely impaired ticks
Creators: name: Perner, Jan
name: Kucera, Matej
name: Frantova, Helena
name: Urbanova, Veronika
name: Kopacek, Petr
name: Sima, Radek
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: S1 Figure. Silencing of tRNA synthetases in the course of tick feeding. Graphs show silencing of the Asparaginyl-, Valyl-, Leucyl-, and Lysyl- tRNA synthetase transcripts in unfed, 24h, 48h, and 72h fed I. ricinus nymphs upon injection of the corresponding dsRNA. Each data point represents gene expression in individual nymphs. Bars indicate standard errors of means.; S1 Table. Primers for qPCR and dsRNA preparation. Underlined sequences represent restriction sites for ApaI and XbaI. Cleaved PCR products are then used for cloning into plasmid pll10 (see Materials and methods).
Integrable structures in LGTs near the deconfinement transition
Creators: name: Caselle, M.
name: Delfino, G.
name: Giudice, P.
name: Gliozzi, F.
name: Grinza, P.
name: Lottini, S.
name: Magnoli, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we review some recent results about the emergence of 2D integrable systems in 3D Lattice Gauge Theories near the deconfinement transition. We focus on some concrete examples involving the flux tube thickness, the ratio of k-string tensions and Polyakov loops correlators in various models.
description: 8 pages, Poster contribution to the XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 26-31, 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China
Reparations and the Human
Creators: name: Eng, David L.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: I would like to begin by returning to Antigone’s Claim insofar as it traces a particular strain of thought in Judith Butler’s writings about the relationship between social difference and the problem of the human. Sophocles’s Oedipus trilogy has been subject to a myriad of interpretations in philosophy, classics, literature, and political theory. Butler’s reading of Antigone, the third installment of the Oedipus cycle, is singular, however, insofar as it reconceptualizes conventional understandings of the relations among the incest taboo, kinship, the state, and the possibilities for social change and belonging. If the incest taboo might be reconceived outside of its normative Oedipal resolutions, Butler asks, what new forms of kinship and sociality might emerge outside of conventional heterosexual arrangements to challenge as well as incite state recognition of non-normative sexualities and communities? In the eyes of the law, what today counts as a livable and grievable life today, and what does not? These questions have consequential implications for war, violence, and mourning, as Butler shows us with increasing urgency in her more recent works, and for contemporary legal notions of reparations, the human, and human rights, as I hope to suggest in this article.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Experimental consistency in parton distribution fitting
Creators: name: Pumplin, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed "Data Set Diagonalization" method (DSD) is applied to measure compatibility of the data sets that are used to determine parton distribution functions (PDFs). Discrepancies among the experiments are found to be somewhat larger than is predicted by propagating the published experimental errors according to Gaussian statistics. The results support a tolerance criterion of $Δχ^2 \approx 10$ to estimate the 90% confidence range for PDF uncertainties. No basis is found in the data sets for the much larger $Δχ^2$ values that are in current use; though it will be necessary to retain those larger values until improved methods can be developed to take account of systematic errors in applying the theory. The DSD method also measures how much influence each experiment has on the global fit, and identifies experiments that show significant tension with respect to the others. The method is used to explore the contribution from muon scattering experiments, which are found to exhibit the largest discrepancies in the current fit.
description: 30 pages; 7 figures
To Catch a Predator
Creators: name: Adler, Amy
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: In the last two decades, a new term-“sexual predator”- has arisen to describe criminals who commit sexual offenses against children. We used to refer to such offenders as “pedophiles” or perhaps “child molesters.” Since this new terminology first emerged in the 1990’s, the word “predator” has become a term of art in legal regulation, and a mainstay in media reports and in the popular imagination. How did the “pedophile” become the “predator”? And what were the effects of this transformation? As the category took shape, a vast new legal apparatus arose to regulate and monitor this emerging species of criminal. New methods developed4 to detect and scrutinize him. The term “predator” implied that the offender was relentless and animal- like; thus, it no longer sufficed merely to send him to jail. After his release, we now had to register him, track him for the rest of his life, or commit him indefinitely to a mental hospital. Some states began to castrate him. Since the term “predator” first emerged, its meaning has expanded and mutated to include a broadening array of sex criminals. The category now encompasses a diverse range of offenders, from the most violent child rapists to teens who possess “child pornography (a term that has an extremely expansive. definition in its own right).”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Law in Drag: Trials and Legal Performativity
Creators: name: Umphrey, Martha Merrill
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: To import Judith Butler’s work into a conversation about law is to unfurl a provocative new map of a familiar landscape and to revel in the pleasure of traveling it, off-road, looking anew at landmarks so many have passed by for so long. She has a way of talking about law that pins down its complicity in a stubbornly enduring social order even as she breathes life into it as a domain for exploration and critique. The force of her thinking-for me, particularly her thinking about performativity -shatters conventional ideas about what law is by enabling us to ask how it is enunciated, what it produces, how it is “done.” Can one think of law as a kind of subject formation in itself, one that authorizes itself via what Butler has called a “sovereign conceit” but that in fact is called into being in the very act of calling others to account? Taking up performativity this way might seem slightly off- color. After all, as Butler has framed it, the interpellative process has a political edge to it. “Its purpose,” as she proposes in Excitable Speech, “is to indicate and establish a subject in subjection.”‘ One could hardly argue that law is a “subject in subjection.” And yet, in what follows, I will try to elaborate on the ways in which at least one kind of legal operation, the trial, is implicated in an interpellative process2 that destabilizes its own relation to state power, though neither fully nor innocently. Moreover, I will argue that the trial is a legal space ripe for critical analyses of identity formation, a place in which the norms that bring certain kinds of moral or moralized subjects into being are contested rather than assumed. In trials, alterity (that is, difference or otherness) within norms can be at least partially exposed because of the ways in which trials stage their own performative relation to “law.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Performativity between Logos and Nomos: Law, Temporality and the Non-Economic Analysis of Power
Creators: name: Birla, Ritu
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Judith Butler’s signature theorizing of performativity requires attention to the full ethico-political range of the meanings of law, from self-discipline to convention to the juridical logic of sovereignty. That is, performativity spans the continuum across political rule and ethical rules, and the play of processes of subjectivization, subjecthood and subjection. Problematizing the sovereign subject, Butler unpacks the a priori, intending legal subject by reading law at once as text, thus cracking open the self-referential and universalist moves of sealed juridical logic, and also as context, as norms that are always on the move. Considering law’s performativity challenges the authorial and authoritative transparency of law- its sovereignty-by demanding a temporally robust approach to the very idea of context. A theorizing of iteration and citationality, performativity poses context as more than just the historical and empirical framework for law, contemplating it instead as the historicity of law itself, of law understood as ever- shifting convention, or the always already situated norms that become sites for citation. My work on the installation of rule of law in colonial India, particularly colonial law’s staging of society as market, and its temporal politics, that is, its production of modem, contracting economic subjects as opposed to the anachronistic subjects of custom, brings me back to these thematics of convention, context and historicity in Butler’s work. In British India, a mission to systematize law confronted the array of customs and conventions among local populations. Butler innovatively engages such tensions across different forms of law. A deconstruction of the speech act, the idea of performativity reveals itself as a temporal play that cuts across two broad concepts of law: logos and nomos. Logos, traditionally translated as reason or speech, also evokes a divine performative, the word or sovereign command, as well as the notion of law as a sealed logic or system. Law as nomos, on the other hand, refers to law as convention, what is done and what is accepted. The idea of nomos evokes ways of being, settled norms and values, while at the same time exposing a problem of agency: who is the agent of convention? In legal scholarship, both explicitly and implicitly, the concept of law as nomos has informed robust readings of legal regimes as lived worlds, as normative universes that are made, maintained and remade. Butler’s performativity complicates and finesses such critical approaches. To show how, I draw attention to the temporal and spatial situatedness, of convention and pose nomos as a marker of context, its consistent remaking, and so its (im)possibility.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Algebra, matrices, and computers
Creators: name: Detinko, Alla
name: Flannery, Dane
name: Hulpke, Alexander
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
Year: 2019

description: What part does algebra play in representing the real
world abstractly? How can algebra be used to solve
hard mathematical problems with the aid of modern
computing technology? We provide answers to these
questions that rely on the theory of matrix groups
and new methods for handling matrix groups in a
computer.
description: Snapshots of modern mathematics from Oberwolfach;2019,05
Equations of States in Statistical Learning for a Nonparametrizable and Regular Case
Creators: name: Watanabe, Sumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many learning machines that have hierarchical structure or hidden variables are now being used in information science, artificial intelligence, and bioinformatics. However, several learning machines used in such fields are not regular but singular statistical models, hence their generalization performance is still left unknown. To overcome these problems, in the previous papers, we proved new equations in statistical learning, by which we can estimate the Bayes generalization loss from the Bayes training loss and the functional variance, on the condition that the true distribution is a singularity contained in a learning machine. In this paper, we prove that the same equations hold even if a true distribution is not contained in a parametric model. Also we prove that, the proposed equations in a regular case are asymptotically equivalent to the Takeuchi information criterion. Therefore, the proposed equations are always applicable without any condition on the unknown true distribution.
S1 Figure; S1 Table from Lyme disease transmission by severely impaired ticks
Creators: name: Perner, Jan
name: Kucera, Matej
name: Frantova, Helena
name: Urbanova, Veronika
name: Kopacek, Petr
name: Šima, Radek
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: S1 Figure. Silencing of tRNA synthetases in the course of tick feeding. Graphs show silencing of the Asparaginyl-, Valyl-, Leucyl-, and Lysyl- tRNA synthetase transcripts in unfed, 24h, 48h, and 72h fed I. ricinus nymphs upon injection of the corresponding dsRNA. Each data point represents gene expression in individual nymphs. Bars indicate standard errors of means.; S1 Table. Primers for qPCR and dsRNA preparation. Underlined sequences represent restriction sites for ApaI and XbaI. Cleaved PCR products are then used for cloning into plasmid pll10 (see Materials and methods).
Enhancing the power density of bearingless slice motors through custom power electronics and control strategies
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Hosam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Bearingless motors are an emerging class of electric machines that combines the functionality of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) and an electric motor into the same stator structure. This integration benefits from the advantages of AMBs while addressing their shortcomings, resulting in more compact magnetically levitated systems with reduced system complexity and cost. However, despite these advantages, the relatively low power density of bearingless motors has primarily limited their use to research settings and niche applications with low power demands. The operation of a bearingless motor necessitates the generation of two distinct field components in the airgap for torque and radial force generation. Traditionally, this was achieved using separate suspension and torque windings. However, this results in an inefficient winding volume utilization and reduced power density. Consequently, a shift has emerged towards combined windings, utilizing the same windings for both suspension and rotation. This is achievable through the use of multiphase windings, offering additional degrees of freedom to simultaneously generate torque and suspension forces. To support research on multiphase bearingless motors and exploit the advantages of combined windings, we develop a custom multiphase motor control platform that integrates the controller, sensor interface, and power electronics into a reconfigurable system. The design consists of a two-level twelve-leg inverter with isolated inline shunt-based phase current sensing and isolated DC bus voltage sensing. A 12-phase inverter is realized using GaNFET-based half-bridge power stages. The DC bus voltage and the phase currents are measured using isolated delta-sigma modulators. An FPGA is used to implement a sophisticated motor control algorithm with high temporal determinism. The performance of the motor drive is evaluated with a homopolar bearingless motor prototype. Development of the drive enables the use of custom control strategies, such as sensorless control, which allows the prototype motor to operate up to its rated speed (36000 r/min) as limited by the available DC link voltage (30 V). This represents an almost fourfold increase in the maximum no-load speed of 9500 r/min reached when using off-the-shelf power electronics and a DC link voltage of 48 V.
Performing Interdependence: Judith Butler and Sunaura Taylor in the Examined Life
Creators: name: Abrams, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: When I was invited to participate in this symposium, I planned to talk about Judith Butler’s 1994 essay Against Proper Objects. This essay has always been one of my favorite examples of Judith’s work: I love its transgression of a boundary between feminism and queer theory that was only beginning to take shape at the time of its publication; its excavation of the voices of dissident feminists that were otherwise often submerged by what was then a wave of support for a dominance approach; its invitation to renew or reconfigure a conversation that had already become difficult, but could potentially bear unexpected kinds of fruit. Against Proper Objects has helped a small but determined group of legal feminists to see new directions for our thinking, and possibilities for collaboration and coalition at times when the most exciting work on sexuality and gender seemed to be happening far from the usual domains of feminist jurisprudence. But a funny thing happened on the way to writing that essay. As I was poking around a bookstore, I came across the book version of The Examined Life, a documentary film by Astra Taylor that is comprised of interviews with eight philosophers on the central ideas or themes that animate their work. One of these interviews features Judith Butler, and it is organized around the idea of “interdependence.” I found it riveting: It has a great deal to say (directly) about the body and (indirectly) about the law-both topics of the panel on which I was invited to participate. I then went out and rented the film: even better. So my comments- perhaps appropriately, for a talk originally presented two days before the Oscars-will focus on Judith Butler’s debut as a star of the silver screen.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Laws as Tactics
Creators: name: Spade, Dean
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: This symposium invites us to consider the impact of Judith Butler’s work on legal scholarship in the area of gender and sexuality. I am interested in reflecting particularly on trans politics and law for two reasons. First, because Butler’s work has had such a significant impact on the emergence of the current iteration of trans politics of the 1990s and 2000s. Second, because I believe there is a great deal more that Butler’s work can offer to significant questions facing trans resistance formations as the field of trans legal rights advocacy institutionalizes and as trans legal scholarship engages and responds to that institutionalization. In particular, I am interested in how Butler’s work has provided analytical models for considering the role that norms and normalization play in both disciplinary and biopolitical modes of governance relating to gender. This analysis is essential to understanding the limitations of certain legal rights frameworks for addressing harms created by racialized and gendered systems of meaning and control.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Accurate free and forced rotational motions of rigid Venus
Creators: name: Cottereau, L.
name: Souchay, J.
name: Aljbaae, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: % context :The precise and accurate modelling of a terrestrial planet like Venus is an exciting and challenging topic, all the more interesting since it can be compared with that of the Earth for which such a modelling has already been achieved at the milliarcsecond level % aims: We want to complete a previous study (Cottereau and Souchay, 2009), by determining at the milliarcsecond level the polhody, i.e. the torque-free motion of the axis of angular momentum of a rigid Venus in a body-fixed frame, as well as the nutation of its third axis of figure in space, which is fundamental from an observational point of view. results :In a first part we have computed the polhody, i.e. the respective free rotational motion of the axis of angular momentum of Venus with respect to a body-fixed frame. We have shown that this motion is highly elliptical, with a very long period of 525 cy to be compared with 430 d for the Earth. This is due to the very small dynamical flattening of Venus in comparison with our planet. In a second part we have computed precisely the Oppolzer terms which allow to represent the motion in space of the third Venus figure axis with respect to Venus angular momentum axis, under the influence of the solar gravitational torque. We have determined the corresponding tables of coefficients of nutation of the third figure axis both in longitude and in obliquity due to the Sun, which are of the same order of amplitude as for the Earth. We have shown that the coefficients of nutation for the third figure axis are significantly different from those of the angular momentum axis on the contrary of the Earth. Our analytical results have been validated by a numerical integration which revealed the indirect planetary effects.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in section 11. Celestial mechanics and astrometry of Astronomy and Astrophysics (27/02/2010)
The Provocations of Enduring Friendships
Creators: name: Scott, Joan W.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: If you do a Google search for “Judith Butler” and “friendship,” not much comes up. Mostly there are links to acknowledgments in her many books where she thanks those who have given support, advice, criticism … friendship. In fact, the title of this paper comes from one of those acknowledgments-in Antigone ‘s Claim-and it is offered to me. For those of us who have experienced it, Butler is a phenomenal friend; her keen insight, her intense concern, and her generosity are unprecedented and treasured. To be a friend of Judith Butler is to know the joys of a special kind of connection. This is not about the superficial relationship connoted by “friends with benefits,” or Facebook friends, or “Friends of Bill,” or some other celebrity figure-it’s about recognition and emotional sustenance, a shared practice that changes each of us and that is increasingly rare these days.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Dual descriptions of spin two massive particles in $D=2+1$ via master actions
Creators: name: Dalmazi, D.
name: Mendonca, Elias L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first part of this work we show the decoupling (up to contact terms) of redundant degrees of freedom which appear in the covariant description of spin two massive particles in $D=2+1$. We make use of a master action which interpolates, without solving any constraints, between a first, second and third order (in derivatives) self-dual model. An explicit dual map between those models is derived. In our approach the absence of ghosts in the third order self-dual model, which corresponds to a quadratic truncation of topologically massive gravity, is due to the triviality (no particle content) of the Einstein-Hilbert action in $D=2+1$. In the second part of the work, also in $D=2+1$, we prove the quantum equivalence of the gauge invariant sector of a couple of self-dual models of opposite helicities (+2 and -2) and masses $m_+$ and $m_-$ to a generalized self-dual model which contains a quadratic Einstein-Hilbert action, a Chern-Simons term of first order and a Fierz-Pauli mass term. The use of a first order Chern-Simons term instead of a third order one avoids conflicts with the sign of the Einstein-Hilbert action.
description: title and abstract slightly modified, 3 references added, comments on interactions included
Superconductivity enhanced conductance fluctuations in few layer graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Trbovic, J.
name: Minder, N.
name: Freitag, F.
name: Schönenberger, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the mesoscopic disorder induced rms conductance variance $δG$ in a few layer graphene nanoribbon (FGNR) contacted by two superconducting (S) Ti/Al contacts. By sweeping the back-gate voltage, we observe pronounced conductance fluctuations superimposed on a linear background of the two terminal conductance G. The linear gate-voltage induced response can be modeled by a set of inter-layer and intra-layer capacitances. $δG$ depends on temperature T and source-drain voltage $V_{sd}$. $δG$ increases with decreasing T and $|V_{sd}|$. When lowering $|V_{sd}|$, a pronounced cross-over at a voltage corresponding to the superconducting energy gap $Δ$ is observed. For $|V_{sd}|\ltequiv Δ$ the fluctuations are markedly enhanced. Expressed in the conductance variance $G_{GS}$ of one graphene-superconducutor (G-S) interface, values of 0.58 e^2/h are obtained at the base temperature of 230 mK. The conductance variance in the sub-gap region are larger by up to a factor of 1.4-1.8 compared to the normal state. The observed strong enhancement is due to phase coherent charge transfer caused by Andreev reflection at the nanoribbon-superconductor interface.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Sexual Consent: Some Thoughts on Psychoanalysis and Law
Creators: name: Butler, Judith
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Sexual consent is a complex issue and there are various fields that have seized upon it to decide when it happens, what form it takes, and who is in a position to know. I will be focusing here on how one knows one has consented, but also on some of the ways that psychoanalysis and law may have to work together, despite some persistent tensions between them. Part I of this article reflects on “consent” through the lens of relational psychoanalysis. Since I am not trained as an analyst, my approach would hardly be called “clinical” in any accepted way. However, I do try from the position of a cultural critic to shed light on some of the ways that consent functions both inside and outside of psychoanalysis. This is a difficult task, since if one were to consider consent clinically, one would have to start with the clinic, that is, the fact that someone comes to an analytic session consensually, and that the same someone may well have abiding ambivalence or anxiety about the very fact that they are there. They have consented, but do not like that they have. In other words, since someone may “have issues” with consent that become material within an analytic session, that person has also set up the problem of transference by consenting to walk through the door into the analyst’s office. When they do enter the door, they consent to psychoanalysis itself, which is not to say that they know precisely to what they have consented in advance. When the analyst opens the door, there is not only some operation of consent involved as the client moves forward through the doorway for that first meeting, but an issue of consent may well remain at play for years to come, even if one drags oneself there even one no longer precisely knows why one goes. The scene is one in which law and psychoanalysis invariably meet, since once the client enters through the doorway, certain legal norms come into play, constraining and guiding the actions of the analyst. Still, how precisely do law and psychoanalysis meet? How do we describe this meeting of the two, and is it not the case that for each of them to work, they sometimes need to part and leave each other alone?
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)
Induction of cell apoptosis by biliverdin reductase inhibitor in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines: Experimental and in silico studies
Creators: name: Shahrokhi, Seyedeh Zahra
name: Karami Tehrani, Fatemeh Soghra
name: Salami, Siamak
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: biliverdin reductase-A
breast cancer cell lines
caspase activity
molecular docking
high-performance liquid chromatography

description: Biliverdin reductase, biliverdin and bilirubin are known as important components of cellular signaling pathways that play major roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis, although their physiological relevance is still under evaluation. This study was designed to investigate the expression and activity of BVR-A and its apoptotic effect in the breast cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐468. The expression of BVR-A was examined by real‐time PCR and western blot analysis. Bilirubin concentration was measured by HPLC and molecular docking was performed to identify an appropriate inhibitor for BVR-A. To detect cell apoptosis, annexin V‐PI staining, caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities were evaluated. Cell viability was reduced by biliverdin, in a dose‐dependent manner, and an intrinsic apoptotic response occurred which was evidenced by caspase‐3 and -9 activities. The intra- and extracellular concentrations of bilirubin were higher in MCF-7 cells than those of MDA-MB-468 cells. The expression of BVR-A, at mRNA and protein levels, in MCF-7 was also higher than that of MDA-MB-468 cells. Treatment of both cell lines with biliverdin plus DTNB, a BVR-A inhibitor, increased the cell death significantly when compared with biliverdin alone. Using annexin V-PI staining and assessment of caspase‐3 activity, it was confirmed that biliverdin together with DTNB increases apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, biliverdin has an important role in cell apoptosis and inhibition of biliverdin reductase increases the apoptotic effect of biliverdin.
description: EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc1502; ISSN 1611-2156
Introduction
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Each year Columbia Law School’s Center for Gender Sexuality Law selects a scholar whose work has made an important impact on the study and practice of gender and/or sexuality law. For 2010 we selected Judith Butler, the Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley. In March of 2010, we held a Symposium recognizing the multiple domains of theory and activism in which Butler’s mark has been profound, and oft times paradigm shifting. Columbia Law School has the great fortune of having developed one of the deepest and most diverse faculties engaged in the study of the law of gender and sexuality. In turn, this has drawn a most magnificent body of students to our law school, many of who were involved in making this Symposium a success. I want to acknowledge and thank them for their hard work. Our students, no less than those of us who work in the academy, are the beneficiaries over and again of the creativity and sheer courage of Butler’s ideas.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 21 No. 2 (2011)