cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Retaining walls : an overview of the characteristics and design of gravity, Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) and Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) retaining walls
Creators: name: White, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: [Partial Introduction - see PDF file for the rest] The objective of this essay is to provide a general overview of three types of retaining walls through review of current literature. The scope of this essay encompasses basic retaining wall theory and design. There are three common types of retaining walls that will be discussed in this essay. The first type is gravity retaining walls. This is a general term for walls that use the self-weight of the wall to support the soil behind the wall, called backfill which may be undistirubed natural soil or disturbed soil that is placed and compacted behind the wall. Gravity walls are a classic example of the externally stabilized wall system. The walls are constructed using heavy materials that must be sufficient to resist the vertical and lateral stresses imposed on the wall from the soil mass (Criag, 1992). Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls are the second type of retaining walls to be discussed. MSE walls consist of a rigid face tied-back with reinforcements to elements embedded behind the wall with the purpose of “mechanically” stabilizing the soil mass (VanBuskirk, 2010). The horizontal reinforcements are spaced and connected to the rigid face throughout the height of the wall, with the primary design considerations being vertical distance between layers of reinforcement, strength of the reinforcements themselves, and connection strength between the reinforcements and the rigid face (Elias et al, 2001). Triaxial test results show that the addition of reinforcement results in increased peak strength, larger axial strain at failure, and reduced or limited post-peak loss of strength (Elton and Patawaran, 2005).Although MSE walls use reinforcements within the soil mass, MSE walls are technically classified as externally stabilized walls because the explicit purpose of the reinforcements is to prevent deformation of the wall face and current design standards ignore the soil-reinforcement interaction (Wu, 2001). The third type of retaining wall is a relatively new technology called Geosynethic Reinforced Soil (GRS); GRS walls are an example of internally stabilized walls and are different than MSE walls. The concept of reinforced soil is not new; evidence of reinforcing soil for stability can traced back as early as the construction of the Great Wall of China (Bradley and VanBuskirk, 2009). Although the theory of reinforcing soil remains the same, GRS uses new technology that provides improvements over other reinforced soil walls such as MSE walls. GRS walls are constructed using well-compacted soil between closely spaced reinforcement layers (VanBuskirk, 2010). The close spacing between reinforcement layers allows the face of GRS walls to be flexible, non-rigid and non-load bearing (Wu, 2007). This essay will display the similarities and differences of gravity, MSE and GRS walls.
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of annual influenza campaigns and vaccination in reducing influenza burden in nursing homes of Canton Vaud in Switzerland
Creators: name: Glampedakis, Emmanouil
name: Iglesias, Patricia Cuiña
name: Chiesa, Flaminia
name: Qalla-Widmer, Laetitia
name: Moroni, May-Kou Ku
name: Riccio, Coralie
name: Sobgoui, Béatrix
name: Tessemo, Marie Immaculée Nahimana
name: Cassini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Campaign materials for winter seasons 2021-22 and 2022-23.
KI-gestütztes Design of Experiments in Forschung und Entwicklung
Creators: name: Weichert, Dorina
name: Ernis, Gunar
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022

description: In unserem Whitepaper erklären wir, wie Sie mit Künstlicher Intelligenz und Expertenwissen effizientere Versuchspläne erstellen und so Ihre Produktentwicklung schneller und kostengünstiger gestalten. Design of Experiments (DoE) ist eine Kernkompetenz von Forschungs- und Entwicklungsabteilungen und zugleich ein Anwendungsfeld, das stark von den rasanten Fortschritten in den Bereichen des Maschinellen Lernens und der Künstlichen Intelligenz profitiert. Die von uns vorgestellten und bereits in vielen Projekten erfolgreich eingesetzten KI-basierten DoE-Verfahren nutzen eine Kombination aus fixed-size und sequenziellen Versuchsplänen. Dieses Vorgehen bietet eine hohe Flexibilität bei der Versuchsplanung, der Berücksichtigung von Einflussfaktoren und der Einbindung von ML-Verfahren wie Bayesscher Optimierung und Active Learning. So können Sie in Ihrem Unternehmen vorhandenes Expertenwissen optimal mit den Möglichkeiten der datengetriebenen Modellierung verbinden. Mithilfe der im Whitepaper dargestellten Methoden sind herausfordernde Aufgaben, wie die Optimierung von Produkteigenschaften oder der gezielte Aufbau einer zukunftssicheren Datenbasis, effizient lösbar.
Infrared Study Using Carbon Monoxide Under Vacuum, Ambient and High Pressures
Creators: name: Nhan, Bang
name: Liccardo, Gennaro
name: Yang, Nuoya
name: Singh, Joseph
name: Asundi, Arun
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: carbon monoxide
subject: high pressure
subject: high temperature
subject: toxic gas
subject: flammable gas
subject: chemical safety
subject: restricted chemicals

description: This document contains safety precautions and operating procedures that must be followed when using carbon monoxide (CO) for diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) studies of supported metal catalysts. The gas is used for investigating the adsorption properties of CO on catalysts surface under vacuum, ambient pressure or high pressure at room temperature as well as elevated temperature. This document emphasizes the use of CO, while the preparation of the catalyst samples and IR operation are described in detail in other SOP documents.
In Situ Spectroscopic Detection of Large‐Scale Reorientations of Transmembrane Helices During Influenza A M2 Channel Opening
Creators: name: Paschke, Ronja Rabea
name: Mohr, Swantje
name: Lange, Sascha
name: Lange, Adam
name: Kozuch, Jacek
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bilayer Lipid Membrane
subject: Influenza a Virus M2
subject: Proton Channels
subject: SEIRA Spectroscopy
subject: Viroporins
subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 530 Physik

description: Viroporins are small ion channels in membranes of enveloped viruses that play key roles during viral life cycles. To use viroporins as drug targets against viral infection requires in-depth mechanistic understanding and, with that, methods that enable investigations under in situ conditions. Here, we apply surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy to Influenza A M2 reconstituted within a solid-supported membrane, to shed light on the mechanics of its viroporin function. M2 is a paradigm of pH-activated proton channels and controls the proton flux into the viral interior during viral infection. We use SEIRA to track the large-scale reorientation of M2’s transmembrane α-helices in situ during pH-activated channel opening. We quantify this event as a helical tilt from 26° to 40° by correlating the experimental results with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance-informed computational spectroscopy. This mechanical motion is impeded upon addition of the inhibitor rimantadine, giving a direct spectroscopic marker to test antiviral activity. The presented approach provides a spectroscopic tool to quantify large-scale structural changes and to track the function and inhibition of the growing number of viroporins from pathogenic viruses in future studies.
European Hydrogen Infrastructure Planning
Creators: name: Alibas, Sirin
name: Ausfelder, Florian
name: Ditz, Daniel
name: Ebner, Michael
name: Engwerth, Veronika
name: Fleiter, Tobias
name: Fragoso García, Joshua
name: Genge, Lucien
name: Greitzer, Maria
name: Haas, Sofia
name: Haendel, Michael
name: Hank, Christoph
name: Hauser, Philipp
name: Heneka, Maximilian
name: Heineken, Wolfram
name: Hildebrand, Jan
name: Isik, Volkan
name: Köppel, Wolfgang
name: Harper, Ryan
name: Jahn, Matthias
name: Klaassen, Bernhard
name: Kneiske, Tanja Manuela
name: Malzkuhn, Sabine
name: Kuzyaka, Berkan
name: Mielich, Tim
name: Lux, Benjamin
name: Maghnam, Ammar
name: Müsgens, Felix
name: Mendler, Friedrich
name: Pleier, Amanda
name: Müller-Kirchenbauer, Joachim
name: Isbert, Anne-Marie
name: Ruprecht, David
name: Sadat-Razavi, Pantea
name: Neuner, Felix
name: Pfluger, Benjamin
name: Mohr, Stephan
name: Ragwitz, Mario
name: Scheffler, Marcel
name: Solomon, Mithran Daniel
name: Voglstätter, Christopher
name: Weißenburger, Bastian
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Hydrogen
TransHyDE
Green Hydrogen

description: The white paper was developed by a selected authorship of the TransHyDE Project System Analysis. The contents of the TransHyDE publications are produced in the project independently of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
Ratiometric imaging of catecholamine neurotransmitters with nanosensors
Creators: name: Ma, Chen
name: Mohr, Jennifer
name: Lauer, German
name: Metternich, Justus Tom
name: Neutsch, Krisztian
name: Ziebarth, Tim
name: Reiner, Andreas
name: Kruss, Sebastian
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: biosensors
near-infrared fluorescence
neurotransmitter
dopamine
carbon nanotubes
quantum defects

description: Neurotransmitters are important signaling molecules in the brain and relevant in many diseases. Measuring them with high spatial and temporal resolution in biological systems is challenging. Here, we develop a ratiometric fluorescent sensor/probe for catecholamine neurotransmitters based on near-infrared (NIR) semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-based quantum defects are incorporated into them to interact selectively with catechol moieties. These PBA-SWCNTs are further modified with polyethylene glycol phospholipids (PEG-PL) for biocompatibility. Catecholamines including dopamine do not affect the intrinsic E11 fluorescence (990 nm) of these (PEG-PL-PBA-SWCNT) sensors. In contrast, the defect-related E11* emission (1130 nm) decreases by up to 35%. Furthermore, this dual-functionalization allows tuning selectivity by changing the charge of the PEG-polymer. These sensors are not taken up by cells, which is beneficial for extracellular imaging and they are functional in brain slices. In summary, we use dual-functionalization of SWCNTs to create a ratiometric biosensor for dopamine.
Colloidal Clusters as models for chiral active micromotors
Creators: name: Biswas, Bipul
name: Kandula, Manasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circular swimmers with tunable orbit radius and chirality are gaining attention due to their potential to illustrate novel collective phases in simulations and synthetic and biological active matter. Here, we present a facile experimental strategy for fabricating active rotors using chemically cross-linked clusters of Janus colloids. Janus clusters are propelled by induced charge electrophoresis in an alternating electric field. We demonstrate capillary-assisted assembly as a feasible path toward expanding the fabrication process to get large amounts of uniform circular clusters. Systematic studies of the Janus clusters reveal circular motion with tunable angular velocity, orbit radius, and chirality and a relation between the radius of gyration of the cluster and their rotational dynamics. Importantly, clusters with uniform azimuthal angles behave distinctly exhibiting larger orbit radii, while those with random angles exhibit higher angular velocities and smaller radii. We also validate the kinetic model for clusters beyond dimers. Collectively, our studies highlight that Janus clusters as promising candidates as controlled circular rotors with tunable properties and, hence in the future, will facilitate studies on the collective behaviors of synthetic chiral rotors.
El taekwondo y la gimnasia artística: dos deportes que buscan el efecto sorpresivo. Entrevista a Diego Torrealva
Creators: name: Delgado Del Aguila, Jesús Miguel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 321006
subject: Sport and exercise nutrition
classificationCode: 350405
subject: Sport and leisure management
classificationCode: 520107
subject: Sport and exercise psychology
classificationCode: 480414
subject: Sports law
classificationCode: 451618
subject: Pacific Peoples sport and physical activity
classificationCode: 420799
subject: Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified

description: Delgado Del Aguila, Jesús Miguel (2024). «El taekwondo y la gimnasia artística: dos deportes que buscan el efecto sorpresivo. Entrevista a Diego Torrealva», en: Difusiones. San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina: Universidad Católica de Santiago del Estero. Vol. 26, n.° 26, enero-julio, pp. 91-98. Disponible en http://ediciones.ucse.edu.ar/ojsucse/index.php/difusiones/article/view/664
Stinging the Predators: A collection of papers that should never have been published
Creators: name: Faulkes, Zen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Science Policy

description: This ebook collects academic papers and conference abstracts that were meant to be so terrible that nobody in their right mind would publish them. All were submitted to journals and conferences to expose weak or non-existent peer review and other exploitative practices. Each paper has a brief introduction. Short essays round out the collection.

412 pages (version 19.0).

Version 1.0 released 26 July 2017.
Version 2.0 released 28 July 2017 (two new entries).
Version 3.0 released 31 July 2017 (two new entries).
Version 3.1 released 7 August 2017 (error corrected).
Version 4.0 released 16 February 2018 (one new entry).
Version 4.1 released 16 February 2018 (journal PDF replaced copied text).Version 5.0 released 4 July 2018 (one new entry).Version 6.0 released 26 July 2018 (one new entry).Version 6.1 released 28 July 2018 (journal PDF replaced copied text).Version 7.0 released 29 September 2018 (one new entry).Version 8.0 released 3 October 2018 (one new entry with featuring three new papers).Version 8.1 released 4 October 2018 (one new paper added associated with v 8.0 entry; PDF bookmarks fixed).Version 8.2 released 7 October 2018 (expanded introduction associated with v 8.0 entry).Version 8.3 released 30 October 2018 (expanded introduction associated with v 8.0 entry; minor addition to earlier entries).Version 9.0 released 16 March 2019 (new entry).Version 10.0 released 7 April 2019 (new entry; minor update to previous entry).Version 11.0 released 31 March 2020 (two new entries; minor update to previous entry).Version 12.0 released 4 April 2020 (new entry; various minor updates to earlier entries, including updated link, corrected date, corrected name, etc.)Version 12.1 released 5 April 2020 (excerpts from hoaxed paper replaced with full PDF)Version 13.0 released 1 June 2020 (two new entries)Version 14.0 released 15 August 2020 (one new entry)Version 14.1 released 15 August 2020 (expanded newest entry)Version 15.0 released 16 August 2020 (one new entry)Version 16.0 released 26 December 2020 (one new entry)Version 17.0 released 12 January 2021 (one new entry; Introduction restored)Version 18.0 released 20 March 2021 (one new entry)Version 19.0 released 1 January 2022 (four new entries)
Compensation strategy for positioning inaccuracies in robot-based laser structuring
Creators: name: Bergs, Thomas
name: Kohse, Martin
name: Henrichs, Oliver
name: Shrivastava, Ankit
name: Schirrmann, Claudio
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2020
Subjects: Laserstructuring
Robot
Large-Parts

description: Laser structuring is used to texture complex 3D geometries, such as moulds for plastic injection moulding. However, due to the complex plant technology, common machines for laser structuring are very expensive and require lots of space. We developed a laser-structuring module which can be held by an industrial robot for large-area structuring. This can reduce the investment costs in the technology by up to 80%. The precision of the handling system is of major importance for laser-structuring. We developed a strategy to compensate for system-related positioning inaccuracies of the robot. For this purpose, an inline camera is used for a target-actual comparison. The camera system is able to detect reference markings as well as features of the texture itself. During the structuring process, the position error of the robot is compensated adaptively by determining the difference between the target and actual position in the region of interest and applying the difference to modify the toolpath accordingly.
Prospettive di genere nella valutazione della ricerca: l'esperienza CoARA in INGV
Creators: name: Rubbia, Giuliana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: L’INGV- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia è un ente pubblico di ricerca con unamission ben definita nell’ambito delle geoscienze. La componente maschile prevale rispetto aquella femminile in termini complessivi, tra il personale ricercatore, tecnologo e tecnico,mentre la componente femminile è preponderante tra il personale amministrativo. I ricercatorisono il 62% e le ricercatrici il 38%, con valori che divergono salendo di livello (Rubbia 2023 ).Nel corso degli anni, non vi sono state grandi variazioni (De Lucia et al. 2021), ma di recentealcune ricercatrici compaiono in posizioni apicali e in ruoli di responsabilità, ad esempio nellagestione delle emergenze (Moretti e Margheriti, 2024), nella direzione di Dipartimenti eSezioni.Quali fattori contribuiscono a questa crescita innegabile, ma lenta? Le responsabilità di cura? ipregiudizi inconsci nell’affidare incarichi che arricchiscono il curriculum? i criteri di valutazioneapparentemente neutri, ma con impatto diverso su personale maschile e femminile?Un’indagine sul benessere lavorativo indica che ricercatori e ricercatrici giudicano comegratificanti tipologie di attività diverse (Spagnoli et al. 2020). Ci sono anche altri fattori?L’INGV sta lavorando al Piano di Azione CoARA e ha aderito al Working Group tematico“TIER” per condividere riflessioni, criticità e buone pratiche, e beneficiare in prospettiva dellelinee guida e degli strumenti per una valutazione inclusiva anche in un’ottica di genere.Il contributo intende illustrare i passi salienti di INGV nel percorso CoARA.

 

A curadi Giuliana Rubbia, componente del GdL CoARA @ INGV.
Enhancements to MISO: an open-source community-driven LIMS
Creators: name: Masella, Andre
name: Taschuk, Morgan
name: Armstrong, Heather
name: Cooke, Dillan
name: DeBat, Tony
name: Davey, Robert
name: Salt, Chris
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: MISO is an open-source LIMS for managing high-throughput sequencing labs. Recently, OICR joined the project and has brought a variety of new features to MISO including tissue processing management, ordering, freezer management, and change logs.
Potentially harmful contaminants in urban, community gardens in New Westminster
Creators: name: Stewart, Amy
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the past decade, as the problems of increasing urbanization, population and density in cities throughout the world grow rapidly, more and more people have turned to the solution of community urban gardens. While community gardens have been shown to have economic, social and environmental benefits, there are some concerns. “These environmental and human health concerns caused by increasingly close soil-human interactions, along with the “non-negligible” portion of the food supply provided through urban agriculture in both developing and developed countries, have led to an increased importance of urban and suburban soil assessment and management.” (Iveson, 2006) The New Westminster Community Gardening Society is a group that plans to start various community gardens throughout New Westminster. While the organization is very eager, to develop these gardens they are concerned about the potential environmental and health risks associated with urban farming. In my research paper I worked with this community organization to explore this potential threat. The main question of my research was in essence, how ‘safe’, nutritious and healthy is the produce that the gardens are currently producing? The gardeners want to know if there are any harmful effects to their great initiative , caused by pollutants in the area in New Westminster; located on the Burrard Peninsula, on the north bank of the Fraser River, 19 kilometres southeast of the City of Vancouver proper.
PhyPipe: an automated pipeline for phylogenetic reconstruction from multilocus sequences
Creators: name: Franco-Sierra, Nicolás D.
name: Gómez-Zuluaga, Mateo
name: Díaz-Nieto, Juan F.
name: Alvarez, Javier C.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Phypipe is a pipeline for performing phylogenetic analysis with probabilistic methods using DNA sequences from multiple loci.

It takes FASTA nucleotide files (one per locus) containing sequences for the taxa to be analyzed and outputs the phylogenetic tree reconstructed by the method of choice (Bayesian Inference or Maximum Likelihood).

Phypipe's workflow covers sequence alignment, DNA evolution model selection for partitions, phylogenetic reconstruction and topological tests, using specific software tools for each step handling all intermediate configuration files.

Phypipe implements RAxML and garli as software choices for Maximum Likelihood analysis. Also includes bootstrap topological tests. MrBayes is the choice for performing Bayesian Inference analysis.
Lehramt an berufsbildenden Schulen 4.0 – vielfältige Herausforderungen und Potenziale für Studierende, Lehrende und Universitäten. Der Weg des Projekts "Leibniz works 4.0" der Universität Hannover
Creators: name: Gillen, Julia
name: Key, Tobias
name: Michele, Janine
name: Otten, Kathrin
name: Schäfers, Johannes
name: Stender, Birga
name: Wilhelms, Fritz
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Year: 2021
Subjects: classificationCode: 370
subject: Education

description: Studierende des Lehramtes an berufsbildenden Schulen weisen häufig berufsbiografische Besonderheiten auf, welche mit spezifischen Bedarfen an ein Studium einhergehen. Diese Anforderungen gilt es aufzugreifen, um mehr Studierende für das berufliche Lehramt zu gewinnen und Studienabbrüche zu verhindern. Eine entscheidende Rolle spielt die Flexibilisierung des Studiums durch eine digital gestützte Lehre, die auch die Transformationsprozesse der Arbeit 4.0 aufgreift.
description: Students of vocational teacher training often have particular professional biographies that go hand in hand with specific requirements for their studies. These requirements must be addressed in order to attract more students to the vocational teaching profession and to prevent students from dropping out. The flexibilisation of studies through digitally supported teaching, which also takes up the transformation processes of Work 4.0, plays a decisive role.
Responses of the European IoT Ecosystem to the European General Data Protection Regulation
Creators: name: Ebbers, Frank
name: Friedewald, Michael
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: GDPR
Privacy Regulations
Internet of Things
IoT
Firmware
Up-To-Dateness
IoT fingerprinting

description: With the proliferation of IoT devices in homes and industry, concerns have arisen about the security of the devices and the privacy of users. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which went into effect in 2018, aims to protect the rights of IoT (and other) users. One way for device manufacturers to address these rights is through firmware updates. However, the extent of the GDPR's impact on EU member states remains uncertain. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis that examines changes in firmware age, as well as the overall age of devices, following the implementation of GDPR in the EU. The analysis uses approximately 400 terabytes of real-world IoT data from Censys.io, spanning from 2015 to the end of 2021. Using grouped average age values, we perform and compare difference-in-differences analyses for devices deployed in all EU member states and regions. We show that devices deployed in Northern Europe tend to be the most up-to-date, while Eastern Europe lags behind. This work provides initial insights into the impact of the GDPR in the IoT ecosystem, and highlights the need for further research to gain a deeper understanding of the effects.
Der Ideenkompass: Ein Werkzeug für Innovatoren, Visionäre und kreative Köpfe
Creators: name: Schuh, Günther
name: Schwarberg, Thomas
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Innovation
Ideenentwicklung
Innovationswerkzeug

description: Jede große Innovation hat ihren Ursprung in einer Idee. Der entwickelte Ideenkompass unterstützt Visionäre und Unternehmen dabei, ihre Innovationsideen zu strukturieren, zu kommunizieren und weiterzuentwickeln. Er dient als Werkzeug um Gedanken zu ordnen, relevante Aspekte einer Innovationsidee herauszuarbeiten und sie verständlich darzustellen.Basierend auf Dissertationen, Forschungs- und Industrieprojekten wurden die sechs konstituierenden Elemente einer Innovationsidee identifiziert und im Ideenkompass zusammengeführt. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Elementen sowie auch die Auswirkung von Änderungen auf die gesamte Innovationsidee werden verdeutlicht. Mit dem Einsatz des Ideenkompass wird eine Steigerung der Innovationskraft erzielt.
Auctions for energy efficiency and the experience of renewable energy
Creators: name: Anatolitis, Vasilios
name: Schlomann, Barbara
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021

description: This policy brief provides an overview and comparison of energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy sources (RES) auctions in Europe. We analyse common features, key differences and present several lessons learnt.
Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: German Oppression, Dutch Resistance, and the Tragedy at De Woeste Hoeve
Creators: name: Huyskamp, Ross
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A case study of the attack on Hanns Albin Rauter and the subsequent reprisals at De Woeste Hoeve allows us to investigate the role of the German occupiers and the Dutch resistance, and especially the relation between them after Operation Market Garden. The Dutch-German relations slowly deteriorated over the course of the occupation, reaching a critical low in early March 1945. By that time the Germans were determined to forestall defeat and clamped down on the increasingly hostile Dutch population. Meanwhile, the Dutch resistance suffered from various factors that inhibited its development, but was simultaneously encouraged by Allied victories and motivated by extreme cold, lack of fuel, scarcity of food, and ever-increasing levels of German repression to undertake increasingly bold and daring missions. When these two forces met, the results were deadly and revealing, giving a more nuanced perspective of the state of affairs in the Netherlands after September 1944.
title: Bildungsforschung: Auf dem Weg zu einer evidenzbasierten Bildung
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 55
Supporting Open Science with the CF Metadata Conventions for NetCDF
Creators: name: Davis, Ethan
name: Taylor, Karl E.
name: Adloff, Fanny
name: Gregory, Jonathan
name: Lawrence, Bryan
name: Lee, Daniel
Publisher: name: CF Community
Year: 2024
Subjects: CF Metadata

description: Slides for the presentation given on 11 December 2024 at the AGU Annual Meeting to the session for the AGU Open Science Recognition Prize.

Abstact:The CF (Climate and Forecast) Conventions are a community-developed standard that promotes the sharing and automated processing of Earth systems science data in the netCDF data format (and in Zarr/GeoZarr). The CF conventions define metadata that can be used to describe the coordinate systems, data structure, and geophysical meaning and units of each variable. This enables users of data from different sources to decide which quantities are comparable and facilitates building applications with powerful extraction, analysis, and display capabilities. There is a mature and growing ecosystem of FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) and commercial software tools which work with CF.

The CF standard has been essential to the success of high-profile internationally-coordinated modeling activities (e.g, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, which hosts more than 30 million files and more than 15 petabytes of data, all compliant with CF). CF is widely used by weather, climate, ocean and Earth observation scientists, and is gaining traction among others, such as the biogeochemistry and atmospheric chemistry communities.
title: Public Expenditure, Institutional Environment and Economic Growth
Creators: name: Ezedebego, Ifeoma Rita
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2024

description: This study, based on the endogenous growth theory, evaluates the effects of public expenditures and the institutional environment on economic growth using data from 67 developed and developing countries from 1984 to 2017. Specifically, it investigates the effects of public expenditures on communication and health sectors and institutional factors on economic growth. Using real GDP per capita as the dependent variable, the analysis employed the Unconditional Quantile Regression (UQR) method. The findings reveal that the effects of public expenditure on growth is largely determined by the income level of countries. Public spending on communication and health fosters growth in high-income countries, while it proves insignificant to growth in low-income countries. Similarly, human capital shares positive relationship with growth in high-income countries but it is not a significant driver of growth in low-income nations. Additionally, total factor productivity (TFP) is positively related to growth in high-income countries whereas it negatively affects growth in lower-income countries. The relationship between institutional environment and economic growth varies by income level: Government stability promotes growth in wealthier nations but does not matter for growth in poorer nations. Furthermore, while corruption reduces growth (“sands the wheels”) in low-income nations, it appears to promote growth (“greases the wheels”) in low-income contexts. Initial tests suggest that total factor productivity is endogenous. After correcting for endogeneity issues, the analysis indicates that health expenditures interact with institutional factors such as corruption and rule of law. While corruption reduces the growth effect of health expenditure, rule of law, enhances these effects. A major implication of this study is that the structure of public expenditure needs to differ between low and high income countries. Moreover, there may be need to adjust the proportion of spending allocated to various sectors in line with country’s income level. This further implies that the total value or percentage of expenditure in poor countries may be insufficient to stimulate the desired level of economic growth.
Ready for Take-off - Künstliche Intelligenz in der Raumfahrtproduktion
Creators: name: Schuh, Günther
name: Schmitt, Robert H.
name: Cassel, Leonard
name: Schenk, Leonard
name: Motz, Maximilian
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raumfahrt
Produktion
Künstliche Intelligenz
Trägerraketen

description: Dieses Whitepaper untersucht das Potenzial und die Herausforderungen der Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Produktion von Raumfahrtkomponenten. Durch Forschungsaktivitäten des Fraunhofer IPT wurden sechs vielversprechende Anwendungsfelder für den Einsatz von KI identifiziert: Predictive-Quality in der Fertigung komplexer Bauteile, Predictive-Maintenance für kritische Maschinen, automatisierte Auswertung von Testprozessen, Unterstützung bei Dokumentationstätigkeiten durch generative Sprachmodelle, Erstellung digitaler Zwillinge und adaptive Prozessüberwachung für spezialisierte Fertigungsverfahren. Die Implementierung von KI in der Raumfahrtproduktion wird durch geringe Datenverfügbarkeit und aufwändige Qualifizierungsprozesse erschwert. Das Whitepaper stellt einen systematischen Ansatz vor, der die Identifizierung, Bewertung, Priorisierung und Pilotierung von Use Cases umfasst. Ziel ist es, langfristig die notwendigen Fähigkeiten im Unternehmen aufzubauen, um zukünftige KI-Projekte eigenständig durchzuführen und deren Nutzen zu maximieren. Die Ergebnisse betonen die Notwendigkeit eines strategischen und methodischen Vorgehens bei der Integration von KI in die Raumfahrtproduktion, um Effizienzsteigerungen zu realisieren und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Raumfahrtstandorts Deutschland zu erhöhen.
Wie gefährlich ist ChatGPT?
Creators: name: Vogel, Inna
name: Steinebach, Martin
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023

description: Der Chatbot sorgt für viel Aufmerksamkeit - auch im Bereich der Sicherheit werden die Auswirkungen diskutiert. Doch welche Konsequenzen hat ChatGPT für das Thema Des- oder Misinformation? Inna Vogel und Martin Steinebach vom Fraunhofer-Institut für Sichere Informationstechnologie SIT und Nationalen Forschungszentrum für angewandte Cybersicherheit ATHENE gehen der Frage nach.
Performance on the Geologic Spatial Visualization Survey: A Comparison Between Junior and Senior Undergraduate students.
Creators: name: Wong, Carrie Alison
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Three components of students‟ spatial visualization are tested (spatial relations, spatial manipulation, and visual penetrative ability) along with spatially intensive geology questions. The Geological Spatial Visualizations Survey (GSVS) was developed for four main purposes: (1) to quantify spatial visualization differences between a junior cohort (pre EOSC 223 and 323) and a senior cohort (post EOSC 223 and 323). (2) to determine which spatial visualization ability was the best correlate to spatially intensive geology question scores (3) to define the link between spatial visualization abilities and specific types of geology questions (4) and finally, to explore gender differences within each cohort. Results from the GSVS include: (1) Senior students outperformed junior students in the geology and spatial visualization parts of the GSVS. (2) The best predictor of geology score was spatial manipulation which was also the spatial visualization ability that improved the most from junior to senior cohorts. (3) Although spatial visualization was correlated to geology score, the link between specific geology question types and specific visualization ability was not fully established. (4) There was no difference in geology score between gender and the only spatial visualization score that differed was spatial relations. Males outperformed females in spatial relations but that outcome had no bearing on geology score. The GSVS can be used by instructors of spatially intensive geology courses as an assessment tool and as a skill development exercise because spatial visualization can be improved with practice.
Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells: A Chemical Perspective
Creators: name: Soheil Balsini Gavanaroudi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Drug, Cancer
Membrane Proteins
Oncogene
ATP

description: During treatment with chemotherapy drugs, many cancers become resistant to the therapeutic effects of the drugs used. Various mechanisms have been proposed in relation to drug resistance. One of the most important reasons for drug resistance is the high expression of ATP-dependent membrane proteins from the large family of membrane transporters (ATP Binding Cassette ABC). From this family, the membrane transporter with a molecular weight of 170 KDa named glycoprotein P plays an important role in drug resistance. Other membrane proteins from the MRP (Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein) family are also involved in drug resistance. ABC proteins are also expressed in normal cells. The mentioned proteins are responsible for the transfer of endogenous substrates. The high expression of these proteins in cancer cells is the most important obstacle to cancer treatment. The range of clinical responses is caused by the medicinal qualities of the treatment as well as the internal and acquired molecular and physical characteristics of cancer cells and external environmental factors. The latter can be caused by several factors, such as increased DNA repair capacity, altered drug metabolism, mutated or altered drug targets, reduced drug accumulation, and inactivated cell death signals. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show drug resistance. Because transporters overexpress adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette. Through specific regulatory genes, FOXM1, a transcription factor specific for cell proliferation, controls the transition between G1/S and G2/M cell cycle phases. In addition, it is an oncogene that causes the expansion and proliferation of cancer cells. Via ABCC5 (ATP binding cassette subfamily member 5) expression, FOXM1 overexpression causes paclitaxel resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Rethinking 1x1 Convolutions: Can we train CNNs with Frozen Random Filters?
Creators: name: Gavrikov, Paul
name: Keuper, Janis
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: LC expansion
CNNs

description: Modern CNNs are learning the weights of vast numbers of convolutional operators. In this paper, we raise the fundamental question if this is actually necessary. We show that even in the extreme case of only randomly initializing and never updating spatial filters, certain CNN architectures can be trained to surpass the accuracy of standard training. By reinterpreting the notion of pointwise (1×1) convolutions as an operator to learn linear combinations (LC) of frozen (random) spatial filters, we are able to analyze these effects and propose a generic LC convolution block that allows tuning of the linear combination rate. Empirically, we show that this approach not only allows us to reach high test accuracies on CIFAR and ImageNet but also has favorable properties regarding model robustness, generalization, sparsity, and the total number of necessary weights. Additionally, we propose a novel weight sharing mechanism, which allows sharing of a single weight tensor between all spatial convolution layers to massively reduce the number of weights.
Dangerous crossing: demographic and clinical features of rescued sea migrants seen in 2014 at an outpatient clinic at Augusta harbour, Italy
Creators: name: Trovato, Alessia
name: Reid, Anthony
name: Kudakwashe C. Takarinda
name: Montaldo, Chiara
name: Decroo, Tom
name: Owiti, Philip
name: Bongiorno, Francesco
name: Carlo, Stefano Di
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: This work presents the results of assessing the clinical features of sea migrants at a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) outpatient clinic at Augusta harbour, Sicily. Policy implications from this assessment are suggested to include screening for vulnerability and management of chronic diseases.
Das Museale Ökosystem
Creators: name: Borkmann, Vanessa
name: Reulein, Anna-Lena
name: Ciziroglou, Philipp
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Museum der Zukunft
Museales Ökosystem
Museum Innovation Network
Kunst
Kultur
Outreach
Partizipation

description: Das Whitepaper »Das Museale Ökosystem« widmet sich der konzeptionellen Einordnung von Musealen Ökosystemen auf Grundlage der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus dem »Museum Innovation Network«. Im Fokus steht eine ausführliche Aufarbeitung und Erweiterung des Verständnisses über das Museale Ökosystem mit dem Ziel, die Innovationsfähigkeit und gesellschaftliche Wirkung von Museen zu steigern. Das umfassend beschriebene Modell des Musealen Ökosystems stellt eine Erweiterung zu bereits bekannten und etablierten Ökosystemmodellen dar. Das Team des Fraunhofer IAO begründet damit ein neues Ökosystem-Verständnis und legt den Grundstein für weitere Forschungen auf diesem Gebiet.
Robustness of an AKLT State on a Honeycomb Lattice.
Creators: name: Mar, Philip Allen
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Cluster states used in measurement based quantum computation do not exist as nondegenerate ground states of two-body Hamiltonians, making them difficult to realize physically [8]. Using Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) states on a honeycomb lattice, a universal resource can be obtained for performing MBQC, by transforming these states into cluster states via two transformations. The first transformation turns the AKLT states into a graph state by using a three-element positive operator value measures and analyzing the effects of these operators in yielded encoded qubits on groups of vertices (domains). The graph state is then transformed to a cluster state as described in [8]. The transformation to a cluster state requires that the graph state contain a connected path from the left side of the original lattice to the right side. Since POVMs are measurements, they may sometimes, in a physical implementation of MBQC, contain errors. Instead of a three- element POVM, we might have a nine-element POVM, with various effects on the groups of vertices they are applied to. This can cause entire groups of vertices to be rendered useless for quantum computation, in particular, they may prevent the existence of a connected path, so that the graph state cannot be transformed to a cluster state. We must make sure the AKLT state is robust, that is, even with certain errors in the POVM, it still can be transformed to a cluster state. We ran simulations to con rm that for certain errors in the POVM (dependent on a parameter pdelete), there always exists a connected path. The main result in this study was the formulation of an algorithm that helped drastically reduce the time to run these simulations. Since the AKLT states are large entangled systems, it is time consuming to produce `typical lattices, but the introduction of this algorithm should help in running further simulations for other POVM outcomes in the future.
Transdisziplinäre Betrachtung I: “Wie beeinflussen mentale Modelle des Menschen die Entwicklung und Nutzung technischer Systeme?”
Creators: name: Bocklisch, Franziska
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Menschzentrierte Produktion
Mentale Modelle
Mensch-KI-Technik

description: Die menschzentrierte Industrie der Zukunft wird durch die Zusammenführung transdisziplinärer Sicht- und Arbeitsweisen verschiedener Fachdisziplinen entstehen. Die Veröffentlichungsreihe 'Transdisziplinäre Betrachtungen' fasst wesentliche Themen im Spannungsfeld 'Mensch, Künstliche Intelligenz und Technik' in übersichtlicher Posterform zusammen. Die Betrachtungen dienen der einführenden Darstellung einer ganzheitlich-systemischen Betrachtungsweise des Bereichs „Mensch und Produktion“. 'Transdisziplinäre Betrachtungen I' widmet sich der Frage, wie mentale Modelle des Menschen den Technikentwicklungs- und Techniknutzungsprozess beeinflussen. Hierzu werden die zwei grundlegenden Rollen des Menschen im Zusammenhang mit der Technik dargestellt. Relevante psychologische Prozesse, u.a. kognitive Prozesse der menschlichen Informationsverarbeitung, werden benannt. Es wird anschaulich dargestellt und beschrieben, wie mentale Modelle des Menschen mit technischen Modellen und Systemen in Zusammenhang stehen (sollten).
Mental health and trauma: MSF experience with asylum seekers in Sicily, 2014-2015
Creators: name: Mancini, Silvia
name: Lodesani, Claudia
name: Carlo, Stefano Di
name: Barbieri, Aurelia
name: Rita, Francesco
name: Deiana, Pina
name: Quaranta, Gaia
name: Montaldo, Chiara
name: Decroo, Tom
name: Zamatto, Federica
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: This poster explores MSF’s experience with the mental health and trauma of asylum seekers in Sicily. Work is presented from a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data from a MSF mental health program carried out from October 2014 to December 2015 within the CAS (Emergency Reception Facilities) of the Ragusa Province.
La arqueología como disciplina transversal para la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales
Creators: name: Blasco Martín, Marta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Metodología arqueológica
Conocimiento activo
Perspectiva feminista
Interdisciplinaridad

description: Presentamos un trabajo centrado en el desarrollo de una breve investigación y en el diseño de una propuesta de actividades didácticas innovadoras vertebradas en torno al potencial de la arqueología como disciplina y metodología transversal para fomentar el conocimiento histórico, geográfico y artístico (en diferentes etapas de la prehistoria y de la historia) en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria desde una perspectiva crítica, integradora e inclusiva
Photon-likeness of hadron showers and impact of Lorentz boosting
Creators: name: Pawlowsky, Jannis
name: Kampert, Karl-Heinz
name: Rautenberg, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the probability of proton-induced air showers at $E>10\,$EeV being misidentified as photon-induced due to neutral pions receiving a major part of the primary energy in the first interaction, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic shower component by their $π^0 \to γγ$ decay. Using CORSIKA simulations, we demonstrate the relevance of this effect at EeV energies. However, the probability for such photon-like events drops down strongly at the highest energies due to the increasing probability of Lorentz boosted $π^0$'s suffering hadronic interactions before decay. Different hadronic interaction models suggest that photon-like hadronic events may be observed at current UHECR observatories. A quantitative comparison of the observed number of background events found in recent photon searches published by the Pierre Auger Collaboration allows us conclude that the hypothesis of upwards fluctuations of $π^0$-production alone is insufficient to explain the data.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Die Welt der offenen Lizenzen
Creators: name: Bissling, Renaud
name: Gittig, Beatrix
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Lizenz
Leitfaden
Verwertung
Open Innovation
Creative Commons
exploitation
Open Science

description: Für einen souveränen Umgang mit den Ergebnissen von Forschungsprojekten ist die Frage nach deren Verwertung im Hinblick auf die damit verbundenen Impactziele essentiell. Welche Ergebnisse sollen geschützt, welche veröffentlicht werden? Wie können Ergebnisse lizensiert werden? Die Auswahl einer passenden Lizenz ist hierbei besonders im Falle einer Öffnung entscheidend, um den Umgang mit den Ergebnissen durch Dritte zu regeln. Die nachfolgende Übersicht an offenen Lizenzen soll als Hilfestellung zur Orientierung dienen und dabei unterstützen, passende Lizensierungsmöglichkeiten für Ihre Ergebnisse zu finden. Um weitere Details zu verwertungsrelevanten Fragestellungen abzustimmen, stehen Ihnen in der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft verschiedene Fachbereiche sowie der Publikationssupport zur Verfügung.