cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Sustainable Competitive Advantages in Brazilian and U.S. Processed Citrus Supply Chains: An Application of Porter’s Diamond Framework
Creators: name: Sterns, James A.
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2010
Subjects: orange juice; Porter’s diamond; competitive advantage

description: The processed citrus industries of Sao Paulo, Brazil and Florida, United States collectively account for over 80 percent of world orange juice production. In recent years, both industries have been confronted with serious plant disease outbreaks. Porter’s Diamond framework is used to assess the strenghts and weakness of the processed citrus industry in each country to confront the combined challenge of effectively combating these diseases while maintaining market competitiveness. Although Sao Paulo and Florida produce a similar product, the Porter’s Diamond framework reveals that there are significant diffences in the organizational structure of the two industries. The article concludes with an analysis of how these differences will impact each industry’s ability to sustain its global leadership in the international processed citrus market.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 1, No 2 (2010)
Critical Temperature and Energy Gap for the BCS Equation
Creators: name: Hainzl, Christian
name: Seiringer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive upper and lower bounds on the critical temperature $T_c$ and the energy gap $Ξ$ (at zero temperature) for the BCS gap equation, describing spin 1/2 fermions interacting via a local two-body interaction potential $λV(x)$. At weak coupling $λ\ll 1$ and under appropriate assumptions on $V(x)$, our bounds show that $T_c \sim A \exp(-B/λ)$ and $Ξ\sim C \exp(-B/λ)$ for some explicit coefficients $A$, $B$ and $C$ depending on the interaction $V(x)$ and the chemical potential $μ$. The ratio $A/C$ turns out to be a universal constant, independent of both $V(x)$ and $μ$. Our analysis is valid for any $μ$; for small $μ$, or low density, our formulas reduce to well-known expressions involving the scattering length of $V(x)$.
description: RevTeX4, 23 pages. Revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Design and Implementation of M2M-Smart Home Based on Arduino-UNO
Creators: name: Djehaiche, Rania
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 80503 Networking and Communications
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In wired and wireless technologies, the machine-to-machine (M2M) communication technologies have a significant need. In this paper, we present M2M in the “Smart Home”, one of the most popular usages of M2M. The topic in this research deals with the design and implementation of M2M in the smart-home to provide everybody with the ability to control the house automatically remotely. Our approach proposes a home automation system based on the Arduino UNO/Android platform, where Arduino UNO represents the brain. One of the most important results of this work is creating a smart house that accomplishes several tasks and features like alarm system, automatic door, lighting, gas and fire detection, and temperature acquisition. A simple smartphone remotely controls these functions through our mobile application,” Smart home for all.” The application is based on 2G/3G/4G/Bluetooth technologies. The proposed solution allows controlling the house, ensuring safety and comfort, by using efficacy and cheap sensors (MQ2, LM35, etc.) and shields (Bluetooth HC-06). 
Atomic configuration controlled photocurrent in van der Waals homostructures
Creators: name: Xiong, Ying
name: Shi, Li-kun
name: Song, Justin C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional photocurrents at a p-n junction depend on macroscopic built-in fields and are typically insensitive to the microscopic details of a crystal's atomic configuration. Here we demonstrate how atomic configuration can control photocurrent in van der Waals (vdW) materials. In particular, we find bulk shift photocurrents (SPC) can display a rich (atomic) configuration dependent phenomenology that range from contrasting SPC currents for different stacking arrangements in a vdW homostructure (e.g., AB vs BA stacking) to a strong light polarization dependence for SPC that align with crystallographic axes. Strikingly, we find that SPC in vdW homostructures can be directed by modest strain, yielding sizeable photocurrent magnitudes under unpolarized light irradiation and manifesting even in the absence of p-n junctions. These demonstrate that SPC are intimately linked to how the Bloch wavefunctions are embedded in real space, and enables a new macroscopic transport probe (photocurrent) of lattice-scale registration in vdW materials.
Being Guided or Having Exploratory Freedom : User Preferences of a Virtual Agent's Behavior in a Museum
Creators: name: Bönsch, Andrea
name: Hashem, David
name: Ehret, Jonathan
name: Kuhlen, Torsten
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2021

description: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA'21, online, 14 Sep 2021 - 17 Sep 2021; Aachen : Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University (2021).
description: Published by Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
Time Delays for the Giant Quadruple Lensed Quasar SDSS J1004+4112: Prospects for Determining the Density Profile of the Lensing Cluster
Creators: name: Kawano, Yozo
name: Oguri, Masamune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dependence of the time delays for the large-separation gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 on the inner mass profile of the lensing cluster. Adopting the mass model whose innermost density profile is parameterized as ρ\propto r^{-α}, we derive a series of mass models which can fit observational data and then compute the probability distribution functions of time delays. We find that larger αhas longer time delays, longer tails at the higher end of the probability distribution, and larger model uncertainties. The ratios of time delays slightly depend on the slope α. Among others, time delays between images C and A (or B) have little dependence on the inner slope, particularly when the time delays are short. The dependence of time delays on αis well fitted by a linear form, which reflects well-known degeneracy between the mass profile and time delays. We perform a Monte-Carlo simulation to illustrate how well the inner slope can be constrained from measurements of time delays. We find that measurements of more than one time delays result in reasonably tight constraints on the inner slope (σ_α \lesssim 0.25), while only one time delay cannot determine the inner slope very well. Our result indicates that time delays indeed serve as a powerful tool to determine the mass profile, despite the complexity of the lensing cluster.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Business Dynamics with Scenarios on Dutch Agriculture and its Institutional Arrangements
Creators: name: Poppe, Krijn J.
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2010
Subjects: agri‐food innovation system; business dynamics; scenario analysis

description: This paper investigates the development in the Durch Agri-Food innovation system.
 Main components of the system are agriculture and agribusiness, the promotion of interests in the lobby system and the knowledge system. Each has its own dynamics but they are until now tied together by institutional arrangements. Based on a historical description we formulate a simple business dynamics model. The robustness of the system is investigated by a scenario analysis. Results have been checked by interviews with experts.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 1, No 2 (2010)
The Challenge of Reaching Transparency: 'T-readiness' of Enterprises and Sector Networks
Creators: name: Fritz, Melanie
name: Schiefer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2010
Subjects: transparency; food chain

description: Discussions on the safety and quality of food as well as growing interest in the sustainability of the production, distribution and consumption of food have contributed to the emergence of ‘transparency’ as a critical success factor for the food sector. However, reaching transparency for different stakeholders from different backgrounds and cultural identities is a dynamic process which depends on certain capabilities of enterprises and organizations along the food value chain but also on the realization of a fitting communication scheme within the sector. This discussion asks for the identification and utilization of an indicator that could identify deficiencies and support enterprises and the sector in reaching a level of transparency that could serve specified transparency needs.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 1, No 3 (2010)
Self-consistency of the two-point energy measurement protocol
Creators: name: Mohammady, M. Hamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thermally isolated quantum system undergoes unitary evolution by interacting with an external work source. The two-point energy measurement (TPM) protocol defines the work exchanged between the system and the work source by performing ideal energy measurements on the system before, and after, the unitary evolution. However, the ideal energy measurements used in the TPM protocol ultimately result from a unitary coupling with a measurement apparatus, which requires an interaction with an external work source. For the TPM protocol to be self-consistent, we must be able to perform the TPM protocol on the compound of system plus apparatus, thus revealing the total work distribution, such that when ignoring the apparatus degrees of freedom, we recover the original TPM work distribution for the system of interest. In the present manuscript, we show that such self-consistency is satisfied so long as the apparatus is initially prepared in an energy eigenstate. Moreover, we demonstrate that if the apparatus Hamiltonian is equivalent to the "pointer observable", then: (i) the total work distribution will satisfy the "unmeasured" first law of thermodynamics for all system states and system-only unitary processes; and (ii) the total work distribution will be identical to the system-only work distribution, for all system states and system-only unitary processes, if and only if the unmeasured work due to the unitary coupling between system and apparatus is zero for all system states.
Functional Renormalization Group Analysis of the Half-filled One-dimensional Extended Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Tam, Ka-Ming
name: Tsai, Shan-Wen
name: Campbell, David K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of the half-filled one-dimensional extended Hubbard model at weak coupling using a novel functional renormalization group (FRG) approach. The FRG method includes in a systematic manner the effects of the scattering processes involving electrons away from the Fermi points. Our results confirm the existence of a finite region of bond charge density wave (BCDW), also known as a ``bond order wave'' (BOW), near $U = 2V$ and clarify why earlier g-ology calculations have not found this phase. We argue that this is an example in which formally irrelevant corrections change the topology of the phase diagram. Whenever marginal terms lead to an accidental symmetry, this generalized FRG method may be crucial to characterize the phase diagram accurately.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, minor changes, final version
Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders
Creators: name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agroforestry
subject: Climate Policy
subject: Carbon Sequestration Costs

description: Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon transaction that involves a long-term commitment. The model is used to identify critical project-design variables (minimum project size, farm price of carbon, minimum area of participating farms). A project feasibility frontier (PFF) is derived, which shows the minimum project size that is feasible for any given market price of carbon. The PFF is used to analyse how the transaction costs imposed by the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol affect project feasibility.
Phase Space Reconstruction from Econommic Time Series Data: Improving Models of Complex Real-World Dynamic Systems
Creators: name: Huffaker, Ray
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2010
Subjects: phase space reconstruction; time series data; economic dynamics

description: Failure of economic models to anticipate the global financial crisis illustrates the need for modeling to better capture complex real-world dynamics. Conventional models—in which economic variables evolve toward equilibria or fluctuate about equilibria in response to exogenous random shocks—are ill-equipped to portray complex real-world dynamics in which economic variables may cycle aperiodically along low-dimensional ‘strange attractors’. We present a method developed in the physics literature—‘phase space reconstruction’—that reconstructs strange attractors present in real-world dynamical systems using time series data on a single variable. Phase space reconstruction provides pictures of real-world dynamics that can guide model specification.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 1, No 3 (2010)
Constraints on $f(R)$ and nDGP Modified Gravity Model Parameters with Cluster Abundances and Galaxy Clustering
Creators: name: Liu, Rayne
name: Valogiannis, Georgios
name: Battaglia, Nicholas
name: Bean, Rachel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present forecasted cosmological constraints from combined measurements of galaxy cluster abundances from the Simons Observatory and galaxy clustering from a DESI-like experiment on two well-studied modified gravity models, the chameleon-screened $f(R)$ Hu-Sawicki model and the nDGP braneworld Vainshtein model. A Fisher analysis is conducted using $σ_8$ constraints derived from thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) selected galaxy clusters, as well as linear and mildly non-linear redshift-space 2-point galaxy correlation functions. We find that the cluster abundances drive the constraints on the nDGP model while $f(R)$ constraints are led by galaxy clustering. The two tracers of the cosmological gravitational field are found to be complementary, and their combination significantly improves constraints on the $f(R)$ in particular in comparison to each individual tracer alone. For a fiducial model of $f(R)$ with $\text{log}_{10}(f_{R0})=-6$ and $n=1$ we find combined constraints of $σ(\text{log}_{10}(f_{R0}))=0.48$ and $σ(n)=2.3$, while for the nDGP model with $n_{\text{nDGP}}=1$ we find $σ(n_{\text{nDGP}})=0.087$. Around a fiducial General Relativity (GR) model, we find a $95\%$ confidence upper limit on $f(R)$ of $f_{R0}\leq5.68\times 10^{-7}$. Our results present the exciting potential to utilize upcoming galaxy and CMB survey data available in the near future to discern and/or constrain cosmic deviations from GR.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted in PRD
Surface-atom force out of thermal equilibrium and its effect on ultra-cold atoms
Creators: name: Antezza, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface-atom Casimir-Polder-Lifshitz force out of thermal equilibrium is investigated in the framework of macroscopic electrodynamics. Particular attention is devoted to its large distance limit that shows a new, stronger behaviour with respect to the equilibrium case. The frequency shift produced by the surface-atom force on the the center-of-mass oscillations of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate and on the Bloch oscillations of an ultra-cold fermionic gas in an optical lattice are discussed for configurations out of thermal equilibrium.
description: Submitted to JPA Special Issue QFEXT'05
Meson-loop contributions to the quark condensate from the instanton vacuum
Creators: name: Kim, Hyun-Chul
name: Musakhanov, M. M.
name: Siddikov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quark condensate of the QCD vacuum within the instanton vacuum model. We calculate the meson-loop contributions to the dynamical quark mass and quark condensate to ${\cal O}(1/N_c)$-, ${\cal O}(m/N_c)$-, and ${\cal O}((m\ln m) /N_c)$-order corrections. We find that the meson (especially pion) loops provide substantial contributions to the dynamical quark mass and as a result to the quark condensate. The results indicate that the $1/N_c$ corrections should be reconsidered in the systematical way. The present results are consistent with those from chiral perturbation theory.
description: Final version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B. The title was changed. Small corrections were added
Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change
Creators: name: Anthoff, David
name: Hepburn, Cameron
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Anthoff, David
name: Hepburn, Cameron
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marginal Damage Costs
subject: Climate Change
subject: Equity

description: Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas emissions reflect these differences. Equity-weighted estimates of the marginal damage cost of carbon dioxide emissions are substantially higher than estimates without equity-weights; equity-weights may also change the sign of the social cost estimates. Equity weights need to be normalised. Our estimates differ by two orders of magnitude depending on the region of normalisation. A discounting error of equity weighted social cost of carbon estimates in earlier work (Tol, Energy Journal, 1999), led to an error of a factor two. Equity-weighted estimates are sensitive to the resolution of the impact estimates. Depending on the assumed intra-regional income distribution, estimates may be more than twice as high if national rather than regional impacts are aggregated. The assumed scenario is important too, not only because different scenarios have different emissions and hence warming, but also because different scenarios have different income differences, different growth rates, and different vulnerabilities. Because of this, variations in the assumed inequity aversion have little effect on the marginal damage cost in some scenarios, and a large effect in other scenarios.
A Change Point Detection Integrated Remaining Useful Life Estimation Model under Variable Operating Conditions
Creators: name: Arunan, Anushiya
name: Qin, Yan
name: Li, Xiaoli
name: Yuen, Chau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: By informing the onset of the degradation process, health status evaluation serves as a significant preliminary step for reliable remaining useful life (RUL) estimation of complex equipment. This paper proposes a novel temporal dynamics learning-based model for detecting change points of individual devices, even under variable operating conditions, and utilises the learnt change points to improve the RUL estimation accuracy. During offline model development, the multivariate sensor data are decomposed to learn fused temporal correlation features that are generalisable and representative of normal operation dynamics across multiple operating conditions. Monitoring statistics and control limit thresholds for normal behaviour are dynamically constructed from these learnt temporal features for the unsupervised detection of device-level change points. The detected change points then inform the degradation data labelling for training a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based RUL estimation model. During online monitoring, the temporal correlation dynamics of a query device is monitored for breach of the control limit derived in offline training. If a change point is detected, the device's RUL is estimated with the well-trained offline model for early preventive action. Using C-MAPSS turbofan engines as the case study, the proposed method improved the accuracy by 5.6\% and 7.5\% for two scenarios with six operating conditions, when compared to existing LSTM-based RUL estimation models that do not consider heterogeneous change points.
description: Accepted in Control Engineering Practice Journal with DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2023.105840
Street Network Models and Indicators for Every Urban Area in the World
Creators: name: Boeing, Geoff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cities worldwide exhibit a variety of street network patterns and configurations that shape human mobility, equity, health, and livelihoods. This study models and analyzes the street networks of every urban area in the world, using boundaries derived from the Global Human Settlement Layer. Street network data are acquired and modeled from OpenStreetMap with the open-source OSMnx software. In total, this study models over 160 million OpenStreetMap street network nodes and over 320 million edges across 8,914 urban areas in 178 countries, and attaches elevation and grade data. This article presents the study's reproducible computational workflow, introduces two new open data repositories of ready-to-use global street network models and calculated indicators, and discusses summary findings on street network form worldwide. It makes four contributions. First, it reports the methodological advances of this open-source workflow. Second, it produces an open data repository containing street network models for each urban area. Third, it analyzes these models to produce an open data repository containing street network form indicators for each urban area. No such global urban street network indicator dataset has previously existed. Fourth, it presents a summary analysis of urban street network form, reporting the first such worldwide results in the literature.
An exceptionally bright flare from SGR1806-20 and the origins of short-duration gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Hurley, K.
name: Boggs, S. E.
name: Smith, D. M.
name: Duncan, R. C.
name: Lin, R.
name: Zoglauer, A.
name: Krucker, S.
name: Hurford, G.
name: Hudson, H.
name: Wigger, C.
name: Hajdas, W.
name: Thompson, C.
name: Mitrofanov, I.
name: Sanin, A.
name: Boynton, W.
name: Fellows, C.
name: von Kienlin, A.
name: Lichti, G.
name: Rau, A.
name: Cline, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft-gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are galactic X-ray stars that emit numerous short-duration (about 0.1 s) bursts of hard X-rays during sporadic active periods. They are thought to be magnetars: strongly magnetized neutron stars with emissions powered by the dissipation of magnetic energy. Here we report the detection of a long (380 s) giant flare from SGR 1806-20, which was much more luminous than any previous transient event observed in our Galaxy. (In the first 0.2 s, the flare released as much energy as the Sun radiates in a quarter of a million years.) Its power can be explained by a catastrophic instability involving global crust failure and magnetic reconnection on a magnetar, with possible large-scale untwisting of magnetic field lines outside the star. From a great distance this event would appear to be a short-duration, hard-spectrum cosmic gamma-ray burst. At least a significant fraction of the mysterious short-duration gamma-ray bursts therefore may come from extragalactic magnetars.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. Published in Nature
Predicting the Deforestation-Trend Under Different Carbon-Prices
Creators: name: Kindermann, Georg E.
name: Obersteiner, Michael
name: Rametsteiner, Ewald
name: McCallcum, Ian
name: Kindermann, Georg E.
name: Obersteiner, Michael
name: Rametsteiner, Ewald
name: McCallcum, Ian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Deforestation
subject: Carbon Prices

description: Background : Global carbon stocks in forest biomass are decreasing by 1.1 Gt of carbon annually, owing to continued deforestation and forest degradation. Deforestation emissions are partly offset by forest expansion and increases in growing stock primarily in the extra-tropical north. Innovative financial mechanisms would be required to help reducing deforestation. Using a spatially explicit integrated biophysical and socio-economic land use model we estimated the impact of carbon price incentive schemes and payment modalities on deforestation. One payment modality is adding costs for carbon emission, the other is to pay incentives for keeping the forest carbon stock intact. Results : Baseline scenario calculations show that close to 200mil ha or around 5% of today's forest area will be lost between 2006 and 2025, resulting in a release of additional 17.5 GtC. Today's forest cover will shrink by around 500 million hectares, which is 1/8 of the current forest cover, within the next 100 years. The accumulated carbon release during the next 100 years amounts to 45 GtC, which is 15% of the total carbon stored in forests today. Incentives of 6 US$/tC for the standing biomass paid every 5 years will bring deforestation down by 50%. This will cause costs of 34 billion US$/year. On the other hand a carbon tax of 12$/tC harvested forest biomass will also cut deforestation by half. The tax income will decrease from 6 billion US$ in 2005 to 4.3 billion US$ in 2025 and 0.7 billion US$ in 2100 due to decreasing deforestation speed. Conclusions : Avoiding deforestation requires financial mechanisms that make retention of forests economically competitive with the currently often preferred option to seek profits from other land uses. Incentive payments need to be at a very high level to be effective against deforestation. Taxes on the other hand will generate budgetary revenues by the regions which are already poor. A combination of incentives and taxes could turn out to be a viable solution for this dilemma. Increasing the value of forest land and thereby make it less easily prone to deforestation would act as a strong incentive to increase productivity of agricultural and fuelwood production, which could be supported by revenues generated by the deforestation tax.
Rare charm $\boldsymbol{c\to u\,ν\barν}$ dineutrino null tests for $\boldsymbol{e^+e^-}$-machines
Creators: name: Bause, Rigo
name: Gisbert, Hector
name: Golz, Marcel
name: Hiller, Gudrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare $|Δc|=|Δu|=1$ transitions into dineutrinos are strongly GIM-suppressed and constitute excellent null tests of the standard model. While branching ratios of $D \to P \,ν\bar ν$, $D \to P^+ P^- \, ν\bar ν$, $P=π, K$, baryonic $Λ_c^+ \to p \,ν\bar ν$, and $Ξ_c^+ \to Σ^+ \, ν\bar ν$ and inclusive $D \to X ν\bar ν$ decays are experimentally unconstrained, signals of new physics can be just around the corner. We provide model-independent upper limits on branching ratios reaching few $\times 10^{-5}$ in the most general case of arbitrary lepton flavor structure, $\sim 10^{-5}$ for scenarios with charged lepton conservation and few $\times 10^{-6}$ assuming lepton universality. We also give upper limits in $Z^\prime$ and leptoquark models. The presence of light right-handed neutrinos can affect these limits, a possibility that can occur for lepton number violation at a TeV, and that can be excluded with an improved bound on $\mathcal{B}(D^0 \to \text{invisibles})$ at the level of $\sim 10^{-6}$, about two orders of magnitude better than the present one. Signatures of $c \to u ν\bar ν$ modes contain missing energy and are suited for experimental searches at $e^+ e^-$-facilities, such as BES III, Belle II and future $e^+ e^-$-colliders, such as the FCC-ee running at the $Z$.
description: v2: 14 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables; typos fixed and minor numerical changes in inclusive results, conclusions unchanged; published version
Bettina Schulz Paulsson, Time and Stone. The Emergence and Development of Megaliths and Megalithic Societies in Europe
Creators: name: Cummings, Vicki
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Bettina Schulz Paulsson, Time and Stone. The Emergence and Development of Megaliths and Megalithic Societies in Europe. Archaeopress Publishing, Oxford 2017. ISBN 978-1-78491-685-5 (Paperback). ISBN 978-1-78491-686-2 (E-book). xiv + 376 pages with 209 figures and 10 tables
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
The food and nutrition concerns of a sample of nonimmigrant,low-income women living with HIV
Creators: name: Pilipenko, Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The number of women living with poverty, HIV, and substance use is increasing in British Columbia and in Canada. Women living in poverty lack sufficient money to buy food. HIV and substance use have been shown to increase the risk for weight loss but women are also exposed to cultural weight norms that valorize thinness. Local funding is available for complementary therapies but little is known about the meanings of these therapies for women living with HIV. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the effect of these potentially conflicting issues on the food and nutrition concerns of a sample of low-income nonimmigrant women living with HIV and to compare their concerns to the assumptions made in a sample of food and nutrition documents. Thirteen nonimmigrant participants receiving income assistance, most of whom had a history of substance use, were recruited through an HIV clinic and an HIV support organization. Fifteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted; two of the participants were interviewed twice. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed for relevant themes. Documents were analyzed for assumptions about the reader. The participants lacked money to buy appropriate foods because income assistance was inadequate and they spent food money on drugs. Substance use negatively affected their food intakes and weights. Societal pressures to be thin, HIV concerns, and poverty were associated with positive and negative perceptions of weight and body shape changes. Through analysis of the data, different eating patterns became apparent: eating, not eating, healthy/unhealthy eating, and eating for HIV. Most of the women were striving for healthy eating when trying to eat for their HIV. Although most of the participants were using complementary therapies, they did not have a keen interest in them. Assumptions made in food and nutrition documents did not reflect the concerns of the participants. Because of the profound effects of poverty, substance use, and dominant weight norms for women on food, nutrition, and weight concerns, dietitians need to assess their clients' circumstances to provide relevant advice. To be successful, nutritional goals will have to take the clients' own priorities into account.
Engineering Local optimality in Quantum Monte Carlo algorithms
Creators: name: Pollet, Lode
name: Van Houcke, Kris
name: Rombouts, Stefan M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Monte Carlo algorithms based on a world-line representation such as the worm algorithm and the directed loop algorithm are among the most powerful numerical techniques for the simulation of non-frustrated spin models and of bosonic models. Both algorithms work in the grand-canonical ensemble and have a non-zero winding number. However, they retain a lot of intrinsic degrees of freedom which can be used to optimize the algorithm. We let us guide by the rigorous statements on the globally optimal form of Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations in order to devise a locally optimal formulation of the worm algorithm while incorporating ideas from the directed loop algorithm. We provide numerical examples for the soft-core Bose-Hubbard model and various spin-S models.
description: replaced with published version
The Impact of a Carbon Tax on International Tourism
Creators: name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: International Tourism
subject: Tax
subject: Carbon Dioxide
subject: Aviation

description: A simulation model of international tourist flows is used to estimate the impact of a carbon tax on aviation fuel. The effect of the tax on travel behaviour is small: a global $1000/tC would change travel behaviour to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from international aviation by 0.8%. This is because the imposed tax is probably small relative to the air fare. A $1000/tC tax would less than double air fares, and have a smaller impact on the total cost of the holiday. In addition, the price elasticity is low. A carbon tax on aviation fuel would particularly affect long-haul flights, because of high emissions, and short-haul flights, because of the emission during take-off and landing. Medium distance flights would be affected least. This implies that tourist destinations that rely heavily on short-haul flights (that is, islands near continents, such as Ireland) or on intercontinental flights (e.g., Africa) will see a decline in international tourism numbers, while other destinations may see international arrivals rise. If the tax is only applied to the European Union, EU tourists would stay closer to home so that EU tourism would grow at the expense of other destinations. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the qualitative insights are robust. A carbon tax on aviation fuel would have little effect on international tourism, and little effect on emissions.
On Restricting First Order Form of Gauge Theories to One-Loop Order
Creators: name: Brandt, F. T.
name: Frenkel, J.
name: Martins-Filho, S.
name: McKeon, D. G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first order form of the Yang-Mills and Einstein-Hilbert actions are quantized, and it is shown how Green's functions computed using the first and the second order form of these theories are related. Next we show how by use of Lagrange multiplier fields (LM), radiative effects beyond one-loop order can be eliminated. This allows one to compute Green's functions exactly without loss of unitarity. The consequences of this restriction on radiative effects are examined for the Yang-Mills and Einstein-Hilbert actions. In these two gauge theories, we find that the quantized theory is both renormalizable and unitary once the LM field is used to eliminate effects beyond one-loop order.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures. Added more details and a new reference; typos corrected. To be published in Annals of Physics
Julia Menne, Keramik aus Megalithgräbern in Nordwestdeutschland. Interaktionen und Netzwerke der Trichterbecherwestgruppe
Creators: name: Mischka, Doris
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Julia Menne, Keramik aus Megalithgräbern in Nordwestdeutschland. Interaktionen und Netzwerke der Trichterbecherwestgruppe. Frühe Monumentalität und Soziale Differenzierung Band 16. Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 2018. ISBN 978-3-7749-4140-3. 472 pages with numerous figures, 39 tables, and 66 plates
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Identity, culture, and the forest: the Sto:lo
Creators: name: O'Neill, Amy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I offer some tentative thoughts on Sto:lo relations with the forest and, in turn, suggest how those relations may inform Sto:lo views on identity and culture. While highlighting the variety and complexity of Sto:lo attitudes toward the forest, I pay particular attention to those that appear contradictory. In so doing, I suggest that such "contradictions" are instead necessary antagonisms that spring from the constantly changing pressures to which the Sto:lo have been subjected, as well as from the ways in which they have struggled to cope with such pressures. More specifically, in pointing to Sto:lo attitudes towards forest work and forest conservation, I suggest that the Sto:lo have been forced and even encouraged to make claims to their identity that do not, and need not, conform with what is considered "traditional." In this way, my discussion is structured around the relationship between a sense of Sto:lo identity and the notion of cultural continuity, while aimed at highlighting the material as well as the intellectual realities behind that relationship. In a broader context, my discussion is aimed at reinforcing the need for more flexible examinations of Native identity; those that will highlight what it means to live in a modern Native culture, and what it means to be vulnerable to power.
Carbon Leakage with International Technology Spillovers
Creators: name: Gerlagh, Reyer
name: Kuik, Onno
name: Gerlagh, Reyer
name: Kuik, Onno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Carbon-Leakage
subject: Climate Policy
subject: Induced Technological Change
subject: Trade and Environment

description: In this paper we study the effect of international technology spillovers on carbon leakage. We first develop and analyse two simple competing models for carbon leakage. The first model represents the pollution haven hypothesis. It focuses on the international competition between firms that produce energy-intensive goods. The second model highlights the role of a globally integrated carbon-energy market. We calculate formulas for the leakage rates in both models and, through meta-analysis, show that the second model captures best the major mechanisms reported in the CGE literature on carbon leakage. We extend this model with endogenous energy-saving technology and international technology spillovers. This feature is shown to decrease carbon leakage. We build-in the endogenous energy-saving technology in a large CGE model and verify that the results from the formal model carry over. Carbon leakage becomes negative for moderate levels of international technology spillover.
Muriel Gandelin / Vincent Ard / Jean Vaquer / Luc Jallot (Hrsg.), Les sites ceinturés de la préhistoire récente. Nouvelles données, nouvelles approches, nouvelles hypothèses
Creators: name: Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Muriel Gandelin / Vincent Ard / Jean Vaquer / Luc Jallot (Hrsg.), Les sites ceinturés de la préhistoire récente. Nouvelles données, nouvelles approches, nouvelles hypothèses. Archives d’Écologie Préhistorique, Toulouse 2018. ISBN 978-2-35842-023-5. 240 Seiten mit 153 Abbildungen in Farbe und Schwarz-Weiß
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
A note on the option price and 'Mass at zero in the uncorrelated SABR model and implied volatility asymptotics'
Creators: name: Choi, Jaehyuk
name: Wu, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Gulisashvili et al. [Quant. Finance, 2018, 18(10), 1753-1765] provide a small-time asymptotics for the mass at zero under the uncorrelated stochastic-alpha-beta-rho (SABR) model by approximating the integrated variance with a moment-matched lognormal distribution. We improve the accuracy of the numerical integration by using the Gauss--Hermite quadrature. We further obtain the option price by integrating the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) option prices in the same manner without resorting to the small-strike volatility smile asymptotics of De Marco et al. [SIAM J. Financ. Math., 2017, 8(1), 709-737]. For the uncorrelated SABR model, the new option pricing method is accurate and arbitrage-free across all strike prices.
TYPES OF PUNS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Askarova, Iroda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article focuses on the analysis of pun as one of the categories of wordplay. The author discusses the meaning of the term “pun” and analyzes different types of puns. On the basis of various classifications created by different scholars and according to the research material, a new classification of pun as one of the types of wordplay is introduced and defined.
Optimal Timing of Environmental Policy; Interaction Between Environmental Taxes and Innovation Externalities
Creators: name: Gerlagh, Reyer
name: Kverndokk, Snorre
name: Rosendahl, Knut Einar
name: Gerlagh, Reyer
name: Kverndokk, Snorre
name: Rosendahl, Knut Einar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Policy
subject: Technological Change
subject: Research and Development
subject: Learning by Doing

description: This paper addresses the impact of endogenous technology through research and development (R&D) and learning by doing (LbD) on the timing of environmental policy. We develop two models, the first with R&D and the second with LbD. We study the interaction between environmental taxes and innovation externalities in a dynamic economy and prove policy equivalence between the second-best R&D and the LbD model. Our analysis shows that the difference found in the literature between optimal environmental policy in R&D and LbD models can partly be traced back to the set of policy instruments available, rather than being directly linked to the source of technological innovation. Arguments for early action in LbD models carry over to a second-best R&D setting. We show that environmental taxes should be high compared to the Pigouvian levels when an abatement industry is developing. We illustrate our analysis through numerical simulations on climate change policy.
Do Social Relations Affect Economic Welfare? A Microeconomic Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Antoni, Giacomo Degli
name: Antoni, Giacomo Degli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Networks
subject: Social Interactions
subject: Household Economic Welfare
subject: Microdata
subject: Fuzzy Logic

description: Over the last few years, many studies have shown that social networks affect the socioeconomic development. This paper presents evidence, through the Italian microdata representative of the entire Italian population, that the quality and quantity of interpersonal relations of agents can increase their economic welfare. Two proxies of interpersonal relations at an individual level are considered: a proxy for the density and one for the quality of network structure of personal contacts. Both seem to have a positive effect on the level of household economic welfare of agents. This result proves robust to the inclusion of a variety of control variables and to the use of different econometric methods.
First Integrals for Problems of Calculus of Variations on Locally Convex Spaces
Creators: name: Rocha, Eugenio A. M.
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K27; 47J30; 46T20

description: The fundamental problem of calculus of variations is considered when solutions are differentiable curves on locally convex spaces. Such problems admit an extension of the Euler-Lagrange equations [Orlov 2002] for continuously normally differentiable Lagrangians. Here, we formulate a Legendre condition and an extension of the classical theorem of Emmy Noether, thus obtaining first integrals for problems of the calculus of variations on locally convex spaces.
description: Presented at OTFUSA'2005, International Conference on "Operator Theory, Function Spaces and Applications", dedicated to the 60th birthday of Professor F.-O. Speck, 7-9 July 2005, Aveiro, Portugal