cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Active_Two_Way_BackScatter_Modulation.pdf
Creators: name: Khaledian, Seiran
name: Farzami, Farhad
name: Soury, Hamza
name: Besma Smida
name: Erricolo, Danilo
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Abstract—Backscatter modulation (BM), usually used for Radio Frequency Identifications (RFID), has the potential to be exploited in wider range of applications such as Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we leverage BM by increasing its down-link (from reader to tag) and uplink (from tag to reader) range. We propose two active twoway BM tag configurations, named parallel and series. For both configurations, we use active loads in the tag modulators to maximize the BM range and implement the desired backscattered constellation, subject to no data loss in down-link path. Contrary to most existing BM studies, we use Thevenin/Norton\ equivalent
circuit, only to calculate the received power at tag, while we
derive the tag backscattered power using the antenna scatterer theorem. Moreover, we obtain a closed-form expression of the average bit error probability (BEP) at reader in Rician fading channel environment for both tag configurations. We compare the proposed active BM tags with the conventional passive BM tag. The simulation results prove that for an average BEP equals to 10-4, an SNR improvement of up to 19 dB and 24 dB can be
achieved for parallel and series configurations, respectively.
PartonDensity.jl: a novel parton density determination code
Creators: name: Capel, Francesca
name: Aggarwal, Ritu
name: Botje, Michiel
name: Caldwell, Allen
name: Schulz, Oliver
name: Verbytskyi, Andrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce our novel Bayesian parton density determination code, PartonDensity.jl. The motivation for this new code, the framework and its validation are described. As we show, PartonDensity.jl provides both a flexible environment for the determination of parton densities and a wealth of information concerning the knowledge update provided by the analyzed data set.
description: Accepted version. Code available here: https://github.com/cescalara/PartonDensity.jl
Gender Influences on Hepatitis C Incidence Among Street Youth in a Canadian Setting
Creators: name: Puri, Nitasha
name: DeBeck, Kora
name: Feng, Cindy X.
name: Kerr, Thomas
name: Rieb, Launette
name: Wood, Evan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Purpose Few studies have examined gender-based differences in the risk of hepatitis C (HCV) infection among street-involved youth. We compared rates of HCV infection among male and female street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. Methods The At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS) is a prospective cohort of drug-using, street-involved youth. Study recruitment and follow-up occurred in Vancouver, Canada, between September 2005 and November 2011. Eligible participants were illicit drug-using youth aged 14–26 years at enrollment, recruited by street-based outreach. We evaluated rates of HCV antibody seroconversion, measured every six months during study follow-up, and used Cox proportional hazards regression to compare risk factors for HCV incidence between male and female street youth. Results Among 512 HCV-seronegative youth contributing 836 person-years of follow-up, 56 (10.9%) seroconverted to HCV. Among female participants, the incidence density of HCV infection was 10.9 per 100 person-years and in males 5.1 per 100 person-years (p = 0.009). In multivariate analyses, female gender was independently associated with a higher rate of HCV seroconversion (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 2.01; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.18 – 3.44). Risk factors were similar in gender stratified analyses and included injection heroin and injection crystal methamphetamine, although syringe sharing was only associated with HCV incidence among males. Conclusions Among street-involved youth in this setting, females had double the incidence of HCV seroconversion demonstrating the need for gender focused HCV prevention interventions for this population.
Stress Resultant-Based Approach to Mass Assumption-Free Bayesian Model Updating of Frame Structures
Creators: name: Yaoyama, Taro
name: Itoi, Tatsuya
name: Iyama, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian model updating facilitates the calibration of analytical models based on observations and the quantification of uncertainties in model parameters such as stiffness and mass. This process significantly enhances damage assessment and response predictions in existing civil structures. Predominantly, current methods employ modal properties identified from acceleration measurements to evaluate the likelihood of the model parameters. This modal analysis-based likelihood generally involves a prior assumption regarding the mass parameters. In civil structures, accurate determination of mass parameters proves challenging owing to the significant uncertainty and time-varying nature of imposed loads. The resulting inaccuracy potentially introduces biases while estimating the stiffness parameters, which affects the assessment of structural response and associated damage. Addressing this issue, the present study introduces a stress-resultant-based approach for Bayesian model updating independent of mass assumptions. This approach utilizes system identification on strain and acceleration measurements to establish the relationship between nodal displacements and elemental stress resultants. Employing static analysis to depict this relationship aids in assessing the likelihood of stiffness parameters. Integrating this static-analysis-based likelihood with a modal-analysis-based likelihood facilitates the simultaneous estimation of mass and stiffness parameters. The proposed approach was validated using numerical examples on a planar frame and experimental studies on a full-scale moment-resisting steel frame structure.
Leeswijzer bij 'Vierde voortgangsbrief Masterplan basisvaardigheden' (2024-05-30) van minister van Onderwijs aan Tweede Kamer
Creators: name: Moene, A.F.
Publisher: name: Wageningen University
Year: 2024

description: De achtergrond van deze leeswijzer is de 1.5 jaar durende strijd van het onderwijsveld (zowel voortgezet onderwijs als hoger onderwijs) met het ministerie van Onderwijs en Wetenschappen (OCW) en de Stichting Leerplan Ontwikkling (SLO) over de verdeling van de ontwerpruimte die is meegegeven aan de vakvernieuwingscommissies (VVC’s) die de eindexamenprogramma’s voor het voortgezet onderwijs aan het actualiseren zijn (zie https://www.actualisatie-examenprogrammas.nl). Deze leeswijzer heeft als doel om duidelijk te maken op welke punten (en waarom) de minister (en OCW en SLO) met de herverdeling van de onderwijstijd, vanuit de profielen, naar het algemene deel van het programma, de plank volledig misslaat.
Unmasking the carbon conundrum: How emissions impact stock price crash risk
Creators: name: Tran, VT
name: Phan, Dinh
name: Tee, CM
name: Nguyen, DT
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services
classificationCode: 3502
subject: Banking, finance and investment

description: Abstract: This study examines the influence of carbon risk on stock price crash risk. Using a comprehensive dataset of 3,417 US companies from 2006 to 2021, we provide evidence that carbon risk is significantly linked to a higher crash risk for firms. Moreover, our findings suggest that this positive association is more pronounced during the Democratic presidency and to companies operating in carbon-intensive industries. The main results are consistent after conducting endogeneity and several robustness tests.
IUCN SSC BAT SPECIALIST GROUP GUIDELINES FOR FIELD HYGIENE
Creators: name: Shapiro, Julie Teresa
name: Phelps, Kendra
name: Racey, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: These guidelines are intended for all people who do fieldwork with bats in the field anywhere in the world. They update our previous IUCN Bat Specialist Group guidelines, which were developed specifically to address bat-related fieldwork during the COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines address "ordinary" circumstances and aim to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission in all directions – humans to bats, bats to humans,  and between bat species or populations, facilitated by humans. These guidelines exist as much to protect bat populations as the humans who study them.
Conditional Normalizing Flows for Active Learning of Coarse-Grained Molecular Representations
Creators: name: Schopmans, Henrik
name: Friederich, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient sampling of the Boltzmann distribution of molecular systems is a long-standing challenge. Recently, instead of generating long molecular dynamics simulations, generative machine learning methods such as normalizing flows have been used to learn the Boltzmann distribution directly, without samples. However, this approach is susceptible to mode collapse and thus often does not explore the full configurational space. In this work, we address this challenge by separating the problem into two levels, the fine-grained and coarse-grained degrees of freedom. A normalizing flow conditioned on the coarse-grained space yields a probabilistic connection between the two levels. To explore the configurational space, we employ coarse-grained simulations with active learning which allows us to update the flow and make all-atom potential energy evaluations only when necessary. Using alanine dipeptide as an example, we show that our methods obtain a speedup to molecular dynamics simulations of approximately 15.9 to 216.2 compared to the speedup of 4.5 of the current state-of-the-art machine learning approach.
Microbial water quality communication : public and practitioner insights from British Columbia, Canada
Creators: name: Dunn, Gemma
name: Henrich, Natalie
name: Holmes, Bev
name: Harris, Leila
name: Prystajecky, Natalie
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This work examines the communication interactions of water suppliers and health authorities with the general public regarding microbial source water quality for recreational and drinking water. We compare current approaches to risk communication observable in British Columbia (BC), Canada, with best practices derived from the communications literature, finding significant gaps between theory and practice. By considering public views and government practices together, we identify key disconnects, leading to the conclusion that at present, neither the public’s needs nor public health officials’ goals are being met. We find: (1) there is a general lack of awareness and poor understanding by the public of microbial threats to water and the associated health implications; (2) the public often does not know where to find water quality information; (3) public information needs are not identified or met; (4) information sharing by authorities is predominantly one-way and reactive (crisis-oriented); and (5) the effectiveness of communications is not evaluated. There is a need for both improved public understanding of water quality-related risks, and new approaches to ensure information related to water quality reaches audiences. Overall, greater attention should be given to planning and goal setting related to microbial water risk communication.
Vector Dark Matter with Higgs Portal in Type II Seesaw framework
Creators: name: Das, Nandini
name: Jha, Tapoja
name: Nanda, Dibyendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenology of a vector dark matter (VDM) in a $U(1)_X$ gauged extension of the Standard Model (SM) which is connected to the type II seesaw framework via the Higgs portal. When this $U(1)_X$ symmetry is spontaneously broken by the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a complex scalar singlet, the gauge boson $Z^\prime$ becomes massive. The stability of the dark matter (DM) is ensured by the introduction of an exact charge conjugation symmetry. On the other hand, the $SU(2)_L$ triplet scalar generates light neutrino masses through the type II seesaw mechanism. We have studied the phenomenology of the usual WIMP DM considering all possible theoretical and experimental constraints that are applicable. Due to the presence of triplet scalar, our scenario can accommodate the observed $2σ$ deviation in $h \to Z γ$ decay. We have also briefly discussed the possibility of non-thermal production of DM from the decay of the same complex scalar that is responsible for the breaking of this $U(1)_X$ symmetry.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, matches the version accepted for publication in PRD
Speaking about film and learning about speaking: teaching speaking through film study
Creators: name: Andrew, Martin
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Apart from Aken (2003), research into using film in language teaching has overlooked the potential of film, streaming video or DVD to encourage sociocultural and ethnolinguistic learning about speaking, particularly among advanced learners. Flanked by a study of literature on film’s pedagogic applications, this paper examines the sociocultural learning about speaking that can develop from applied study of filmic speech in an advanced English as an Additional Language (EAL) course in and about speaking. In particular, this paper describes a form of pedagogy using film studies presentations as tools for rehearsing, presenting and assessing students’ speaking. The research uses a grounded methodology to locate emergent understandings in the transcripts of videotaped presentations and oral reflective logs of 13 second-year students. These understandings articulate aspects of sociocultural learning about speaking which most impact on learners. The data also leads to a consideration of what insights learners can glean about their own voices and identities as speakers of EAL. These understandings and insights corroborate my pedagogy of using films to heighten learners’ awareness of sociocultural aspects of speaking–and our spoken selves.
Investigating the challenges of widening access in medical education
Creators: name: Bisel, Amandip
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Students from non-traditional backgrounds are under-represented in UK medical schools. Despite measures to support potential applicants from this cohort, applications and subsequent enrolment on medical courses remain one of the lowest of any professional degree in the UK. Those students from non-traditional or historically under-represented backgrounds (HUB) that do successfully obtain a place at a UK medical school are also at greatest risk of non-completion. This thesis investigates the challenges of widening access to medical education by looking at the decision making processes and application experiences of students considering a career in medicine and on-course experiences of medical students. It uses a mixed methods approach to identify application, offer and non-completion trends alongside incorporating accounts from students that have experienced the process and the perspectives of teachers that support the pre-entry process. Findings indicate that, whilst the application process for medical education is a challenging process for all applicants, there are additional challenges faced by HUB students including timely and accurate information, advice and guidance and access to support networks. Of those that do successfully navigate the application and selection process, HUB students are most likely to struggle with transition into the medical school environment and to drop out of the course. This thesis also aims to explore the effect and efficacy of different metrics that are used to assess whether a student classes as disadvantaged for the purposes of classifying them into a widening participation (WP) or non-WP category. By testing five metrics that are commonly used for this purpose, the thesis shows that using just under-representation metrics omits trends that using deprivation metrics capture, and vice-versa. Overall this thesis identifies several factors that may be hindering efforts to widen access to medical education, bringing together issues affecting HUB students right across the student lifecycle to inform best practice.
FRENETIX: A High-Performance and Modular Motion Planning Framework for Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Trauth, Rainer
name: Moller, Korbinian
name: Wuersching, Gerald
name: Betz, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our research introduces a modular motion planning framework for autonomous vehicles using a sampling-based trajectory planning algorithm. This approach effectively tackles the challenges of solution space construction and optimization in path planning. The algorithm is applicable to both real vehicles and simulations, offering a robust solution for complex autonomous navigation. Our method employs a multi-objective optimization strategy for efficient navigation in static and highly dynamic environments, focusing on optimizing trajectory comfort, safety, and path precision. The algorithm is used to analyze the algorithm performance and success rate in 1750 virtual complex urban and highway scenarios. Our results demonstrate fast calculation times (8ms for 800 trajectories), a high success rate in complex scenarios (88%), and easy adaptability with different modules presented. The most noticeable difference exhibited was the fast trajectory sampling, feasibility check, and cost evaluation step across various trajectory counts. We demonstrate the integration and execution of the framework on real vehicles by evaluating deviations from the controller using a test track. This evaluation highlights the algorithm's robustness and reliability, ensuring it meets the stringent requirements of real-world autonomous driving scenarios. The code and the additional modules used in this research are publicly available as open-source software and can be accessed at the following link: https://github.com/TUM-AVS/Frenetix-Motion-Planner.
description: Submitted to IEEE ACCESS
Imaginative Geographies of Green : Difference, Postcoloniality, and Affect in environmental narratives in contemporary Turkey
Creators: name: Harris, Leila
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Analyzing everyday environmental imaginaries from contemporary Turkey through the lenses of postcolonial, emotional-affective, and nature-society geographies, this article offers insights into shifting nature-society relations and possibilities. Based on a series of interviews and focus groups conducted in four sites (Istanbul, Ankara, Diyarbakir, and Sanliurfa), the concept of imaginative geographies of green is offered to highlight social and spatial difference as central to the articulation of green visions and movements. The research foregrounds several social and spatial gradients specific to the Turkish context, including East-West divides both within and beyond Turkey (i.e., Kurdish- Turkish and Eastern-Western Turkey, as well as notions of Turkishness and Europeanness ). The work also suggests that environmental imaginaries have deeply emotional, ambivalent, and power-laden associations. Apart from the implications of the work for enriched understandings of emergent environmental possibilities in this context, the conclusion also touches on ramifications for EU accession debates as well as new directions for work on environmental citizenship and movements in the global South.
Radio Frequency Tomography for Non-Destructive Testing of Pillars
Creators: name: Negishi, Tadahiro
name: Gennarelli, Gianluca
name: Soldovieri, Francesco
name: Liu, Yangqing
name: Erricolo, Danilo
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Pillars represent some of the commonest supporting
elements of modern and historical buildings. Nondestructive
testing methods can be applied to gain information about
the status of these structural elements. Among them, ground
penetrating radar (GPR) is a popular diagnostic tool for the
assessment of concrete structures. Despite several theoretical and experimental studies on concrete structural evaluation by GPR have been reported, little work has been done so far with respect to pillars. Owing to their circular geometry, pillars are complex multiscattering environments, which render the interpretation of the radar images very challenging. This article deals with the application of radio frequency tomography as a nondestructive technique for imaging the inner structure of pillars. The main goal of the study is the assessment of the imaging performance that can be obtained in comparison to conventional GPR exploiting a multimonostatic configuration. Accordingly, potentialities and performance of multimonostatic
and multiview/multistatic measurement configurations are herein investigated in the inverse scattering framework. For each measurement configuration, the regularized reconstruction of a point-like target and the spectral content are evaluated. The data inversion is carried out by means of the truncated singular value decomposition scheme. Tomographic reconstructions based on full-wave synthetic data are shown to support the comparative analysis.
Closing the Gap in Human Behavior Analysis: A Pipeline for Synthesizing Trimodal Data
Creators: name: Stippel, Christian
name: Heitzinger, Thomas
name: Sterzinger, Rafael
name: Kampel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In pervasive machine learning, especially in Human Behavior Analysis (HBA), RGB has been the primary modality due to its accessibility and richness of information. However, linked with its benefits are challenges, including sensitivity to lighting conditions and privacy concerns. One possibility to overcome these vulnerabilities is to resort to different modalities. For instance, thermal is particularly adept at accentuating human forms, while depth adds crucial contextual layers. Despite their known benefits, only a few HBA-specific datasets that integrate these modalities exist. To address this shortage, our research introduces a novel generative technique for creating trimodal, i.e., RGB, thermal, and depth, human-focused datasets. This technique capitalizes on human segmentation masks derived from RGB images, combined with thermal and depth backgrounds that are sourced automatically. With these two ingredients, we synthesize depth and thermal counterparts from existing RGB data utilizing conditional image-to-image translation. By employing this approach, we generate trimodal data that can be leveraged to train models for settings with limited data, bad lightning conditions, or privacy-sensitive areas.
Developmental Dental Anomalies Prevalence and Association with Medical Background.pdf
Creators: name: Vorwaller, Rachel Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Developmental dental anomalies (DDA) may occur during various stages of the dental development. Their etiology is complex and can be associated with genetic inheritance, environmental exposures, systemic health disturbances and/or a combination of factors. DDA may affect individuals worldwide and are shown to have variation in prevalence in populations from different geographic areas. A number of DDA can be identified directly from a panoramic radiograph examination, while other types require comprehensive assessment, including clinical exam and adjunct diagnostic modalities. Pediatric dentists see children from an early age and may be the first oral health care professionals to encounter DDA in patients. Moreover, pediatric dentists are the specialists that are best placed to treat children with medical conditions and typically take a lot of referrals from primary dental providers.This retrospective study aimed to describe the prevalence of radiographically identifiable types of DDA, including anomalies of number, size, shape, matrix development and root malformations in a large sample of pediatric patients from a university based dental clinic and to assess for associations between presence of DDA and patient medical status. Study data was obtained from the dental electronic health record (EHR) system, implemented for use in the clinics of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry (COD), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). The EHR system administrator generated a list of all patients under the age of 18 years old in the department that have had a panoramic radiograph (PR) taken in the three-year period from 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018. The principal investigator (PI) accessed the EHR from this list and reviewed the associated PR to determine patient eligibility according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible patients were enrolled as study subjects and their demographic information (including age at time of PR exposure, sex, race, ethnicity), as well as any medical conditions/systemic disturbances were collected. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification for physical status was used to determine the categorization of the subjects into two groups, healthy (ASA I) and those with existing systemic disturbance (ASA II and above). The participants PR were assessed for DDA and findings recorded in the study collection form. A second examiner evaluated PR determined to have DDA. Furthermore, clinical notes and additional available radiographs for those subjects were reviewed. Both study examiners had appropriate DDA training and were calibrated. Study data was numerically coded and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. A chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression was utilized (with a p-value of <0.05 used to determine statistical significance).
Is the (hu)MANid Program Valid in a Pediatric Population.pdf
Creators: name: NATALIE R TOMÁS
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69901 Forensic Biology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: This study aims to determine whether the (hu)MANid forensic identification program can accurately identify sex and ancestry of older children and adolescents, using measurements from Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) scans from the diverse pediatric population seen at the University of Illinois College of Dentistry (UIC COD). The (hu)MANid program was established in 2017 by Berg and Kenyhercz. It uses morphometroscopic analysis to classify adults mandibles based on ancestry, age, and sex.One hundred and ten eligible CBCTs were used in our sample. Our sample included patients ages 8-17 with a CBCT taken between January 2008 and January 2019 and race/ethnicity recorded. Subjects were categorized to ancestry groups matching (hu)MANid ancestry designations. Patients that identified as non-Hispanic White/Caucasian were of White ancestry. Patients that identified as Hispanic were of Hispanic ancestry and lastly, non-hispanic Black/African- Americans were considered Black ancestry. 3D Slicer software (BHW, Boston, MA, USA) was used to measure morphoscopic and morphometric data and input into the (hu)MANid program to estimate the likelihood that an individual is a certain sex and ancestry.Results show low overall prediction accuracy of the (hu)MANid program in our pediatric population. The program provides an estimated likelihood that an individual is M/F and White/Hispanic/Black, identifying a most-likely sex/ancestry assignment White (n= 29) subjects were most likely to be assigned to the correct group, followed by Black (n=32), and then Hispanic (n=45). The highest percent likelihood score an individual received for ancestry was slightly more likely to match that individual’s actual ancestry1(p<0.05) than either of the other two groups. Accuracy of ancestry estimation showed no appreciable changes when older adolescents (>14 y.o. girls, >16 y.o. boys) were examined separately.The application struggled to predict both sex and ancestry for a given individual. For ancestry prediction only, Whites were identified at a rate consistent with prior literature. For sex prediction only, females reached this threshold. In contrast with our expectations, estimations did not appreciably improve when older adolescents (>14 y.o. girls, >16 y.o. boys) were examined separately. When predicting ancestry, (hu)MANid was slightly more likely to assign an individual to the correct group than to either incorrect group, but the frequency of correct assignment is not forensically valuable except for in the White sample. In our diverse pediatric sample, we were unable to validate the (hu)MANid application for ancestry or sex prediction in older children and adolescents.
Bound impurities in a one-dimensional Bose lattice gas: low-energy properties and quench-induced dynamics
Creators: name: Isaule, Felipe
name: Rojo-Francàs, Abel
name: Juliá-Díaz, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two mobile bosonic impurities immersed in a one-dimensional optical lattice and interacting with a bosonic bath. We employ the exact diagonalization method for small periodic lattices to study stationary properties and dynamics. We consider the branch of repulsive interactions that induce the formation of bound impurities, akin to the bipolaron problem. A comprehensive study of ground-state and low-energy properties is presented, including an examination of the interaction strengths which induce the formation of a bound dimer of impurities. We also study the dynamics induced after an interaction quench to examine the stability of the bound dimers. We reveal that after large interaction quenches from strong to weak interactions the system can show large oscillations over time with revivals of the dimer states. We find that the oscillations are driven by selected eigenstates with phase-separated configurations.
description: Submission to SciPost. 29 pages, 17 figures
Range image segmentation using surface selection criterion
Creators: name: Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza
name: Gheissari, Niloofar
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In this paper, we address the problem of recovering the true underlying model of a surface while performing the segmentation. First, and in order to solve the model selection problem, we introduce a novel criterion, which is based on minimising strain energy of fitted surfaces. We then evaluate its performance and compare it with many other existing model selection techniques. Using this criterion, we then present a robust range data segmentation algorithm capable of segmenting complex objects with planar and curved surfaces. The presented algorithm simultaneously identifies the type (order and geometric shape) of each surface and separates all the points that are part of that surface. This paper includes the segmentation results of a large collection of range images obtained from objects with planar and curved surfaces. The resulting segmentation algorithm successfully segments various possible types of curved objects. More importantly, the new technique is capable of detecting the association between separated parts of a surface, which has the same Cartesian equation while segmenting a scene. This aspect is very useful in some industrial applications of range data analysis.
Braving the Storm: Quantifying Disk-wide Ionized Outflows in the Large Magellanic Cloud with ULLYSES
Creators: name: Zheng, Yong
name: Tchernyshyov, Kirill
name: Olsen, Knut
name: Choi, Yumi
name: Bustard, Chad
name: Roman-Duval, Julia
name: Zhu, Robert
name: Di Teodoro, Enrico M.
name: Werk, Jessica
name: Putman, Mary
name: McLeod, Anna F.
name: Faerman, Yakov
name: Simons, Raymond C.
name: Peek, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is home to many HII regions, which may lead to significant outflows. We examine the LMC's multiphase gas ($T\sim10^{4-5}$ K) in HI, SII, SiIV, and CIV using 110 stellar sight lines from the HST's Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) program. We develop a continuum fitting algorithm based on the concept of Gaussian Process regression and identify reliable LMC interstellar absorption over $v_{\rm helio}=175-375$ km s$^{-1}$. Our analyses show disk-wide ionized outflows in SiIV and CIV across the LMC with bulk velocities of $|v_{\rm out, bulk}|\sim20-60$ km s$^{-1}$, which indicates that most of the outflowing mass is gravitationally bound. The outflows' column densities correlate with the LMC's star formation rate surface densities ($Σ_{\rm SFR}$), and the outflows with higher $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ tend to be more ionized. Considering outflows from both sides of the LMC as traced by CIV, we conservatively estimate a total outflow rate of $\dot{M}_{\rm out}\gtrsim 0.03~M_\odot {\rm yr}^{-1}$ and a mass loading factor of $η\gtrsim 0.15$. We compare the LMC's outflows with those detected in starburst galaxies and simulation predictions, and find a universal scaling relation of $|v_{\rm out, bulk}|\propto Σ_{\rm SFR}^{0.23}$ over a wide range of star-forming conditions ($Σ_{\rm SFR}\sim10^{-4.5}-10^{2}~M_\odot {\rm yr}^{-1} {\rm kpc}^{-2}$). Lastly, we find that the outflows are co-rotating with the LMC's young stellar disk and the velocity field does not seem to be significantly impacted by external forces; we thus speculate on the existence of a bow shock leading the LMC, which may have shielded the outflows from ram pressure as the LMC orbits the Milky Way.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Key findings can be found in Figures 9-12. Main updates from the previous version include new estimates on star formation rate surface densities. Normalized SII, SiIV, and CIV line spectra derived for this work are published as a High Level Science Product called LMC-FLOWS (doi: 10.17909/hz0m-np43), available on website: https://archive.stsci.edu/hlsp/lmc-flows
title: The effect of opioids on biomechanical parameters of bone
Creators: name: Chizmeshya, Sydney Quinn
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Bone is a dynamic and living tissue that continuously undergoes change throughout life. Current literature indicates that prolonged opioid exposure disrupts bone remodeling by inhibiting osteoblast activity and predisposing individuals to increased bone failure resistance. Our study builds upon proof-of-principle data from a pre-clinical rabbit-opioid model system to investigate 1) the biomechanical impact of opioid exposure on bone failure resistance, 2) the relationship between cross-sectional geometric values and fracture patterns, and 3) how microstructural parameters inform bone failure resistance. We hypothesize that bone specimens from opioid animals will demonstrate increased bone failure resistance, increased medullary area and cortical porosity, decreased cortical area and a diminished cellular network (e,g., lacunar parameters). Twenty-one male, skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups of seven animals each: morphine sulphate, fentanyl, and controls for eight weeks of experimental drug treatment. A multi-modal approach was used to collect data including high- resolution imaging (SRμCT) and biomechanical 3-point bend tests. Analyses revealed significantly greater cortical porosity in the morphine group compared to fentanyl and control animals. When examining the graphs visually, opioid groups demonstrated greater cortical and medullary areas and diminished markers of structural competence compared to controls. Analyses revealed that increased lacunar parameters are associated with reduced structural competence. Increased cortical area and medullary area are positively correlated with structural competence. Ultimately, evidence suggests that opioid exposure stimulated cellular dysregulation of the remodeling process and increased bone failure resistance in the opioid experimental groups.
Adaptive Activation Functions for Predictive Modeling with Sparse Experimental Data
Creators: name: Pourkamali-Anaraki, Farhad
name: Nasrin, Tahamina
name: Jensen, Robert E.
name: Peterson, Amy M.
name: Hansen, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A pivotal aspect in the design of neural networks lies in selecting activation functions, crucial for introducing nonlinear structures that capture intricate input-output patterns. While the effectiveness of adaptive or trainable activation functions has been studied in domains with ample data, like image classification problems, significant gaps persist in understanding their influence on classification accuracy and predictive uncertainty in settings characterized by limited data availability. This research aims to address these gaps by investigating the use of two types of adaptive activation functions. These functions incorporate shared and individual trainable parameters per hidden layer and are examined in three testbeds derived from additive manufacturing problems containing fewer than one hundred training instances. Our investigation reveals that adaptive activation functions, such as Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) and Softplus, with individual trainable parameters, result in accurate and confident prediction models that outperform fixed-shape activation functions and the less flexible method of using identical trainable activation functions in a hidden layer. Therefore, this work presents an elegant way of facilitating the design of adaptive neural networks in scientific and engineering problems.
description: 7 figures
D4.3 Final Results on Adaptive Directional LOS and NLOS Reliable Connectivity
Creators: name: De Renzo, Marco
name: Awarkeh, Nour
name: Qian, Xuewen
name: He, Jiguang
name: Juntti, Markku
name: Kokkoniemi, Joonas
name: Lazarakis, Fotis
name: Selimis, Dimitrios
name: Manganaris, Kyriakos
name: Hrasnica, Halid
name: Alexiou, Angeliki
name: Stratidakis, Giorgos
name: Droulias, Sotiris
name: DesaI, Rachana
name: Yaqub, Edwin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
D-band

description: Deliverable D4.3 reinforces and generalizes the results of the research activities conducted and summarised in deliverable D4.1 on ``Initial results on adaptive directional LOS and NLOS reliable connectivity''. In this direction, the present deliverable focuses on optimization and machine learning techniques tailored to the physical and medium access layers requirements of fully reconfigurable environments. Overall, the results reported in this deliverable allowed us to assess the major performance gains that the deployment of RISs in high frequency bands bring about for application to future wireless communication systems.
Ecopath 30 Years Conference Proceedings : Extended Abstracts
Creators: name: Steenbeek, Jeroen
name: Piroddi, Chiara
name: Coll, Marta
name: Heymans, Johanna J.
name: Villasante, Sebastian
name: Christensen, Villy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia. Fisheries Centre
Year: 2017

description: Ecopath 30th Anniversary Conference is on track to help move us toward ecosystem based management (EBM), and the success that is clearly indicated by the interest in the conference – as the extended abstracts in this volume is a strong indicator of – will serve as a milestone. The contributions range wide, starting off indeed with scientific advice for management, and on to marine conservation, ecosystem evolution, cumulative dynamics, and end-to-end. Overall, this shows the versatility of the approach and even more importantly, how the diversity of scientists that cooperate on moving us toward EBM jointly can contribute to a scientific development that is bigger than what any of us can accomplish individually. Synergistic cooperation is indeed the key issue for Ecopath and where we are heading. This is the foundation for the Ecopath Research and Development Consortium, which was established in 2011, and which now has close to 20 institutional members from throughout the world. We invite you all to join the effort.
D2.4 Final Results in Directional and Ad-Hoc Links Analysis, D-Band Communication Theory Framework, and Algorithm Designs
Creators: name: Di Renzo, Marco
name: Awarkeh, Nour
name: Qian, Xuewen
name: Boulogeorgos, Alexandros-Apostolos A.
name: Lazarakis, Fotis
name: Selimis, Dimitrios
name: Manganaris, Kyriakos
name: Schroeder, Rafaela
name: He, Jiguang
name: Juntti, Markkku
name: Kokkoniemi, Joonas
name: Hrasnica, Halid
name: Alexiou, Angeliki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
D-band

description: Deliverable D2.4 consolidates and generalizes the results of the research activities carried out and synthesized in deliverable D2.2 titled ``Initial results in D-band Ad-hoc wireless connectivity analysis, communication theory beyond Shannon, and algorithm design''. In this depicted context, this deliverable summarizes final results carried out in Tasks 2.2 and 2.3 on fundamental performance bounds exploiting machine learning techniques and programmable metasurfaces. Overall, the results reported in this deliverable allowed us to assess the major performance gains that the deployment of RISs in high frequency bands bring about for application to future wireless communication systems.
How Do Nuclear Isomers Influence the Gamma-Ray Bursts in Binary Neutron Star Mergers?
Creators: name: Hamilton, Maria C. Babiuc
name: Powell, Joseph I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron star mergers are astrophysical `gold mines,' synthesizing over half of the elements heavier than iron through rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis. The observation of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, detected both in gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation, marked a breakthrough. One electromagnetic component of this event, the gamma ray burst GRB 170817A, has an unresolved aspect: the characteristics of its prompt gamma-ray emission spectrum. In this work, we investigate how gamma-ray spectra in such GRBs may be influenced by de-excitations from isomeric transitions. Our study begins with a review of current knowledge on GRB structure and of r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star collisions, focusing on the role of nuclear isomers in these settings. We then test our hypothesis by developing criteria to select representative isomers, based on known solar element abundances, for modeling GRB spectral characteristics. We integrate these criteria into an interactive web page, facilitating the construction and analysis of relevant gamma-ray spectra from isomeric transitions. Our analysis reveals that three isomers (zirconium, lead and yttrium) stand out for their potential to impact the prompt GRB spectrum due to their specific properties. This information allows us to incorporate nuclear isomer data into astrophysical simulations and calculate isomeric abundances generated by astrophysical r-processes in neutron star mergers and their imprint on the detected signal.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
Philippine Marine Fisheries Catches : A Bottom-up Reconstruction, 1950 to 2010
Creators: name: Palomares, Maria Lourdes D.
name: Pauly, D. (Daniel)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia. Fisheries Centre
Year: 2017

description: In this volume of the Fisheries Centre Research Reports, a methodology is therefore presented which allows an independent estimation of artisanal catches based on observed daily catches of artisanal fishers, multiplied by annual numbers of days fished and time-series of number of fishers, this procedure being applied separately in four different parts (‘subzones’) of the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Philippines. Also, due emphasis was given to subsistence catches (i.e., catches primarily destined for household consumption), notably reef gleaning, and marine recreational fisheries, which are not covered at all by official statistics. These studies, presented here in the form of separate chapters, are then pulled together in a synthesis chapter which presents our estimation of the total marine catches of the Philippines from 1950 to 2010. Overall, our estimate is 26% lower than the total reported by the Philippines to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). In this, the Philippines differs from other countries in Southeast Asia, and from developing countries in general, whose reconstructed catch is usually higher – often two times or more – than their officially reported catch. This should have consequences, and we elaborate on this on the final synthesis chapter of this report.
Spatial calibration of high-density absorption imaging
Creators: name: Vibel, Toke
name: Christensen, Mikkel Berg
name: Kristensen, Mick Althoff
name: Thuesen, Jeppe Juhl
name: Stokholm, Laurits Nikolaj
name: Weidner, Carrie Ann
name: Arlt, Jan Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate determination of atom numbers is an ubiquitous problem in the field of ultracold atoms. For modest atom numbers, absolute calibration techniques are available, however, for large numbers and high densities, the available techniques neglect many-body scattering processes. Here, a spatial calibration technique for time-of-flight absorption images of ultracold atomic clouds is presented. The calibration is obtained from radially averaged absorption images and we provide a practical guide to the calibration process. It is shown that the calibration coefficient scales linearly with optical density and depends on the absorbed photon number for the experimental conditions explored here. This allows for the direct inclusion of a spatially dependent calibration in the image analysis. For typical ultracold atom clouds the spatial calibration technique leads to corrections in the detected atom number up to $\approx\! 12\,\%$ and temperature up to $\approx \!14\,\%$ in comparison to previous calibration techniques. The technique presented here addresses a major difficulty in absorption imaging of ultracold atomic clouds and prompts further theoretical work to understand the scattering processes in ultracold dense clouds of atoms for accurate atom number calibration.