cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Oecleopsis articara Van Stalle 1991
Creators: name: Guo, Hong-Wei
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
name: Feng, Ji-Nian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cixiidae
Oecleopsis
Oecleopsis articara

description: Oecleopsis articara Van Stalle, 1991, new record for China
Oecleopsis articara Van Stalle, 1991: 22.
Description. Length (from apex of vertex to tip of fore wings): 3 5.7–6.4 mm, Ƥ 6.8–7.1 mm.
Face, vertex, pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen brown-black, carinae and borders yellowish; vertex about 3.5 times as long as broad, subapical carina deeply V-shaped; outer sides of vertex black with a yellow spot, genae yellow. Tegmina 3.3 times as long as broad, veins yellowish with dark granules; stigma dark brown; RA unbranched, RP apically trifurcated, MA apically trifurcated, MP apically bifurcated, CuA bifurcated; Sc+R forked distinctly distad of fork CuA1+CuA2; apex with eleven cells. Legs with femora brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Chaetotaxy of hind tarsomere 7/5.
Male genitalia. Genital styles symmetrical. Aedeagus in total with three spines. Flagellum tapering, apex curved in a semi-circle. One spine on 1/2 distance of flagellum on left side and a long spine on apex of aedeagus on right margin.
Female genitalia. Caudal border of pregenital sternite shallowly excavated in middle, with two small convex submedian lobes. Anal segment rectangular.
Material examined. CHINA: 1 Ƥ, Sichuan, Emei Mountain,?- X-1976 (W. M. Zhang) (NWAFU); 1 Ƥ, Hainan, Yinggeling, 24-V-2007 (Y. L. Wang & Q. Zhai) (NWAFU); 1 Ƥ, Henan, Gongyi County, 25-IX-1981 (collector unknown) (NWAFU).
Distribution. China (Sichuan, Henan, Hainan), Malaya, Borneo.
Remarks. Oecleopsis articara is closely related to O. petasatus, O. mori, O. sinicus and O. spinosus sp. nov. from which it can be distinguished by the number of spinose processes on the aedeagus: three in O. articara and more in other species, and by the apex of the flagellum which is not bifurcated and which is curved into a semi-circle. From O. bifidus, which also has only three spinose processes on the aedeagus, it can be distinguished by the absence of a bifurcate apex on the flagellum.
This species is recorded here for the first time from China.
description: Published as part of Guo, Hong-Wei, Wang, Ying-Lun & Feng, Ji-Nian, 2009, Taxonomic study of the genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov, 1971 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Pentastirini), with descriptions of three new species from China, pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 2172 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189234
Une approche astrologique de l'Énéide
Creators: name: Dewez, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Virgile
Astrologie

description: Comment l'astrologie joue un rôle central dans l’Énéide, permettant à Virgile de transmettre sa vision d'un ordre cosmique indispensable à la pérennité de Rome. L’astrologie est perçue comme une clé pour comprendre l'ordre cosmique et le destin de Rome, avec une insistance particulière sur l’approche zodiacale de l’œuvre, souvent négligée par les critiques littéraires.
Brief an Johannes Oporinus
Creators: name: Sambucus, Johannes
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1568

description: von [Johannes] Sambucus
description: Lateinisch
description: Die Briefe des Johannes Sambucus (Zsamboky) 1554-1584 / [Hrsg.:] Hans Gerstinger. - Wien : Österreichische Akademie d. Wissenschaften ; Graz etc. : Böhlau in Komm., 1968. S. 85-87 ff., Nr. 24 Druck
[Brief des belgischen Innenministeriums an den Staatsarchivar Gerold Meyer von Knonau]
Creators: name: Belgien
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1854
Subjects: Meyer von Knonau, Gerold Ludwig1804-1858

description: Es handelt sich um ein Schreiben der zentralen Kommission für Statistik des belgischen Innenministeriums an den Staatsarchivar Gerold Meyer von Knonau (1804-1858)
description: Ministère de l'intèrieur, Commission Centrale de Statistique
Oecleopsis bifidus Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle 1988
Creators: name: Guo, Hong-Wei
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
name: Feng, Ji-Nian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cixiidae
Oecleopsis
Oecleopsis bifidus

description: Oecleopsis bifidus (Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle, 1988)
Oliarus bifidus Tsaur, Hsu & Stalle, 1988: 52.
Oecleopsis bifidus (Tsaur et al.), Van Stalle, 1991: 25.
Description. Length (from apex of vertex to tip of fore wings): 3 6.9 mm, Ƥ 7.0– 7.1 mm.
Face yellowish brown, median and lateral carinae shiny yellow; vertex black with concolorous lateral carinae, median carinae absent, 1.6 times as long as broad, subapical carina V-shaped. Tegmina pale yellowish, hyaline, 3.2 times as long as broad, all veins yellowish with concolorous granules; stigma dark brown; RA unbranched, RP apically trifurcated, MA apically trifurcated, MP apically bifurcated, CuA bifurcated; Sc+R forked at same level as fork CuA1+CuA2; apex with eleven cells. Abdomen dark brown, borders yellowish. Legs with femora brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Chaetotaxy of hind tarsomere 7/5.
Male genitalia. Ventromedian process small, in ventral view generally triangular in outline, broadest at base, its apex tapering and bluntly pointed. Genital styles in ventral view asymmetrical, right one stouter than left; with complex, transverse, denticulate apices curving apically forming hook-shaped, directed outwards; in lateral view with a thumb-shaped process subapically, and a round production at midlength of shaft. Aedeagus in total with three spines. Apical process of flagellum bifurcated, directed cephalad, subapical process curved dorsad; spine on right side at apex of aedeagus is very long, sinuate, about 3/4 length of periandrium.
Female genitalia. Caudal border of pregenital sternite shallowly excavated in middle, with two small convex processes submedially. Anal segment elliptic.
Material examined. CHINA: 1 Ƥ, Fujian, Shaowu, Dazhulan, 10/ 16-VII-1963 (I. Chou) (NWAFU); 1 Ƥ, Fujian, Shaowu, Huangkeng, 8-VII-1963 (I. Chou) (NWAFU).
Distribution. China (Fujian, Taiwan).
Remarks. Oecleopsis bifidus closely resembles O. sinicus and O. wuyiensis sp. nov. in the presence of a bifurcate apex of the flagellum. It differs from both in the presence of one subapical spine instead of two on the flagellum, and in the total number of spines on the aedeagus (O. sinicus and O. wuyiensis sp. nov. have four spines each, O. bifidus has three). The spine on the right side at the apex of the aedeagus is very long in O. bifidus but very short in both O. sinicus and O. wuyiensis sp. nov. Oecleopsis bifidus differs from O. wuyiensis sp. nov. in the symmetrical rami of bifurcation (asymmetrical in O. wuyiensis sp. nov.). This species is recorded here for the first time from the Chinese mainland (Fujian Province).
description: Published as part of Guo, Hong-Wei, Wang, Ying-Lun & Feng, Ji-Nian, 2009, Taxonomic study of the genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov, 1971 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Pentastirini), with descriptions of three new species from China, pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 2172 on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189234
Additional file 3 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 3
title: Roma - eine vergessene Minderheit?
Creators: name: Trink, Thomas
Year: 2010

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Wissen und Wahrnehmung von 110 SchülerInnen der siebenten Klasse AHS zur Minderheit der Roma an den drei Schulstandorten Wien (großstädtischer Standort), Oberwart (als „Zentrum“ der Burgenland-Roma) und Eisenstadt (Vergleichsgruppe). Die Fragebogenumfrage brachte hauptsächlich quantitativ auswertbares Material. Neben einem Überblick zu Geschichte und Problemstellungen der Minderheiten der Roma und Sinti werden Konstrukte wie Nation, ethnische Gruppe, Marginalisierung, oder kulturelle Identität besprochen und hinterfragt. Verschiedene Strömungen der aktuellen Literatur werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Eine Reflexion gängiger Vorurteile gegenüber „Zigeunern“ spannt den Bogen zur Schülerumfrage. Diese konnte beweisen, dass das Wissen der SchülerInnen aus Oberwart zu Roma deutlich höher ist als jenes ihrer KollegInnen. Obwohl in Oberwart die Einstellungen der SchülerInnen zu Roma am positivsten sind, konnte insgesamt kein statistischer Zusammenhang zwischen großem Wissen über Roma und positiver Einstellung zu diesen nachgewiesen werden. Dieses Ergebnis lässt Rückschlüsse für den Unterricht zu: Wissensvermittlung alleine muss noch nicht automatisch einen Wandel der Einstellungen bewirken. Klar konnte herausgearbeitet werden, dass SchülerInnen an allen drei Standorten den Begriff „Roma“ positiver einschätzen als den Begriff „Zigeuner“. Einige der im Literaturteil vorgestellten Vorurteile gegenüber Roma wurden auch von SchülerInnen als „Meinung“ oder „Wissen“ geäußert. Weiters wird gezeigt, dass viele SchülerInnen dieses Thema als spannend und diskussionswürdig ansehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen allerdings auch, dass Minderheitenthemen im Schulbereich wenig Beachtung finden, auch wenn Lehrpläne hier einen großen Freiraum bieten. Das wird als Herausforderung für Lehrkräfte, insbesondere im Unterrichtsfach Geographie und Wirtschaftskunde, gesehen, diese Themen als zentrale Aspekte der politischen Bildung stärker zu forcieren!
Oecleopsis chiangi Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle 1988
Creators: name: Guo, Hong-Wei
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
name: Feng, Ji-Nian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cixiidae
Oecleopsis
Oecleopsis chiangi

description: Oecleopsis chiangi (Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle, 1988)
Oliarus chiangi Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle, 1988: 50.
Oecleopsis chiangi (Tsaur et al), Van Stalle, 1991: 26.
Remarks. This species was described and figured by Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle (1988). The species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: 1) the genital styles in ventral view parallel-sided, only curving outward apically, forming a beak-shaped process dorsolaterally; 2) the shape of three spines on the flagellum in combination with a moderately long spine arising from the right-dorsal margin of the periandrium, directed dorsocephalad.
description: Published as part of Guo, Hong-Wei, Wang, Ying-Lun & Feng, Ji-Nian, 2009, Taxonomic study of the genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov, 1971 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Pentastirini), with descriptions of three new species from China, pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 2172 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189234
title: Moderne Piraterie am Horn von Afrika
Creators: name: Bauer, Elisabeth
Year: 2010

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht die Ursachen und Hintergründe für den rasanten Anstieg der Piraterie am Horn von Afrika. Dabei werden nicht nur die sozioökonomischen Faktoren in Betracht gezogen, sondern auch exogene Faktoren, wie der illegale Fischfang und die Giftmüllverklappung vor der Küste Somalias sowie Naturkatastrophen, wie Dürre und der Tsunami im Jahr 2004. Es wird weiters untersucht, wer die Akteure sind, und welche Mittel und Möglichkeiten ihnen zur Verfügung stehen. Die rechtliche Situation wird in diesem Zusammenhang ebenso durchleuchtet, wie die Maßnahmen, die hinsichtlich dieses Problems ergriffen wurden. Die Untersuchung umfasst dabei einerseits die allgemeine Rechtssprechung bezüglich Piraterie, andererseits die Rechtssprechung Kenias und der Seychellen. Diese zwei Länder wurden bezüglich bestehender Auslieferungsabkommen für eine genauere Analyse ausgewählt. Die untersuchten Maßnahmen umfassen nicht nur Marineoperationen, wie etwa die EU-Operation Atalanta, sondern auch nationale und regionale Bestrebungen im Kampf gegen die Piraterie. Die Rolle privater Sicherheitsfirmen wird dabei ebenso analysiert wie die Möglichkeiten zum Selbstschutz der Schiffe. Darüber hinaus werden die Folgen der modernen Piraterie an der Küste Somalias sowohl für die Wirtschaft, aber auch die Umwelt, die Nachbarländer und Somalia selbst erforscht. Eine statistische Analyse liefert dabei einen genauen Einblick in die Entwicklung dieser Problematik. Weiters wird der vieldiskutierte Zusammenhang zwischen Terrorismus und Piraterie genauer untersucht sowie die Lösungsansätze, die hinsichtlich der Piraterie am Horn von Afrika zur Debatte stehen.
Additional file 4 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 4
Nomination de Membre correspondant : Royaume de Belgique. Commission centrale de statistique
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1854
Subjects: Meyer von Knonau, Gerold Ludwig1804-1858

description: Es handelt sich um eine Urkunde der zentralen Kommission für Statistik des belgischen Innenministeriums an den Staatsarchivar Gerold Meyer von Knonau (1804-1858), die ihn zu einem Korrespondenten (membre correspondant) erhebt
Gebirgsansicht von Splux ob Mühlen (Oberhalbstein)
Creators: name: Müller, Johann
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1866

description: IM
description: Gehört zu den Ansichten und Panoramen, die früher als Doubletten bezeichnet wurden. Es handelt sich jedoch um feiner oder weiter ausgearbeitete Zeichnungen, Vorstufen zu Reinzeichnungen oder Sammlungsstücken, die bisher weder katalogisiert noch signiert wurden
description: Vgl. "Gebirgsansicht von Splux ob Mühlen Oberhalbstein", Signatur: [Müller-Wegmann] XXII 31
description: Aus der Sammlung Johann Müller-Wegmann; Depositum der SAC Sektion Uto in der Zentralbibliothek des SAC
Additional file 5 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 5
Additional file 6 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 6
title: Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung pflegerelevanter Situationen zwischen Patienten und Pflegepersonen
Creators: name: Kobleder, Andrea
Year: 2010

description: Hintergrund: Um der Forderung nach Patientenorientierung gerecht zu werden, ist es wichtig, die Sicht des Patienten, insbesondere beim Erstellen der Pflegediagnosen mit einfließen zu lassen. Inwieweit dies im Rahmen der Pflegediagnostik bereits geschieht, wurde zwar bereits im angloamerikanischen Raum untersucht, konkrete Ergebnisse im deutschsprachigen Raum liegen dazu allerdings derzeit noch nicht vor. Mit solchen Resultaten könnten hiesige Pflegepersonen auf Problematiken der Patienten sensibilisiert und so die Durchführung des Pflegeprozesses optimiert werden. Ziel: Ziel ist es darzustellen, inwieweit formulierte Patientenprobleme mit erstellten Pflegediagnosen übereinstimmen. Außerdem soll erhoben werden, welche Probleme für den Patienten am bedeutendsten sind, und welche Pflegediagnosen ohne vorliegende Patientenformulierung erstellt wurden. Methode: Bei der Studie handelt es sich um ein quantitatives, deskriptives Design. Insgesamt wurden 51 Patienten der Wiener Privatkrankenanstalt Rudolfinerhaus mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens befragt, und ihre Pflegedokumentation einer Dokumentenanalyse unterzogen. Ergebnisse: 35,9% der Patientenprobleme stimmten inhaltlich mit einer erstellten Pflegediagnose überein. Bei 46,7% aller Probleme, welche Patienten als ihre bedeutendsten beschrieben, lag eine zugehörige Pflegediagnose vor. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen Patienten und Pflegepersonen variierten je nach Kategorie, so war beispielsweise die Übereinstimmung im Bereich „Mobilität“ gut, wo es zu einer Übereinstimmung in 61,5% der Fälle gekommen ist. In der Kategorie „Schlafen“ war die Erfassung der Patientensicht beispielsweise weniger gut, hier kam es in keinem Fall zu einer Übereinstimmung. Schlussfolgerung: Für eine individuelle Betreuung von Patienten, bedarf es von Seiten der Pflege einer Verbesserung in der Erfassung der Patientensichtweise. Nur durch vermehrten Einbezug der Patienten kann sichergestellt werden, dass diese eine aktive Rolle im Genesungsprozess einnehmen können.
Oecleopsis elevatus Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle 1988
Creators: name: Guo, Hong-Wei
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
name: Feng, Ji-Nian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cixiidae
Oecleopsis
Oecleopsis elevatus

description: Oecleopsis elevatus (Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle, 1988)
Oliarus elevatus Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle, 1988: 53.
Oecleopsis elevatus (Tsaur et al.), Van Stalle, 1991: 26.
Description. Length (from apex of vertex to tip of fore wings): 3 6.2 mm, Ƥ 7.4 mm.
Face, vertex, pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen brown-black, carinae and borders yellowish; vertex about 1.1 times as long as broad, subapical carina V-shaped; outer sides of vertex black with a yellow spot. Tegmina 2.1 times as long as broad, veins yellowish with brown granules; stigma dark brown; RA unbranched, RP apically trifurcated, MA apically trifurcated, MP apically bifurcated, CuA bifurcated; Sc+R forked at same level as fork CuA1+CuA2; apex with twelve cells. Legs with femora brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Chaetotaxy of hind tarsomere 7/5.
Male genitalia. Ventromedian process in ventral view short, stout, triangular, broadest at base, its apex bluntly pointed. Genital styles symmetrical. Aedeagus in total with five long spines, all directed cephalad. Four apical processes of flagellum tapering, spine on left side of flagellum the longest, with basal half stout, apical half 1/2 width of basal half; right spine bifurcated, the lower longer than the upper one; dorsal spine stout, acuminating to end. Spine on right side of periandrium at apex of aedeagus longer, about 2/3 length of periandrium.
Female genitalia. Caudal border of pregenital sternite shallowly excavated in middle, with two small convex processes submedially. Anal segment rectangular.
Material examined. CHINA: 1 3, 2 Ƥ, Guangxi, Lingchuan County, Lingtian Township, 5-VI-1984 (Z. L. Wu & X. L. Lu) (NWAFU).
Distribution. China (Guangxi, Taiwan), Japan (Honshu).
Remarks. Oecleopsis elevatus has a long spinose process like O. petasatus, which is inserted at the apex of the right side of the aedeagus, about 2/3 the length of the periandrium. It can be distinguished from the latter by the four longer apical processes of the flagellum, which are all directed cephalad.
This species is recorded here for the first time from the Chinese mainland (Guangxi Province).
description: Published as part of Guo, Hong-Wei, Wang, Ying-Lun & Feng, Ji-Nian, 2009, Taxonomic study of the genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov, 1971 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Pentastirini), with descriptions of three new species from China, pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 2172 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189234
title: Optimierung der Baustellenlogistik für die Ausbauphase eines Großprojektes
Creators: name: Gollos, Carolin
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften

description: Baulogistische Vorgänge sind in einer modern angelegten Baustelle der Schlüssel zu einer wirtschaftlichen Abwicklung. Dieses gilt nicht nur für den Rohbau, bei dem die sehr enge Verzahnung zwischen den Fertigungs- und Logistikprozessen auf der Baustelle zu beobachten ist, sondern noch mehr für die Ausbauphase, bei der vermeintlich unabhängig voneinander agierende Einzelunternehmen des Ausbaus auf engem Raum miteinander um die jeweils besten Liefer- und Montagebedingungen konkurrieren.
Ausgehend von einer aktuellen Großbaustelle in Jena werden verschiedene Varianten einer leistungsfähigen Baulogistik entwickelt und deren Implementierung auf der Baustelle vorbereitet werden.
Additional file 7 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 7
Oecleopsis mori Matsumura 1914
Creators: name: Guo, Hong-Wei
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
name: Feng, Ji-Nian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cixiidae
Oecleopsis
Oecleopsis mori

description: Oecleopsis mori (Matsumura, 1914)
Oliarus mori Matsumura, 1914: 426; Tsaur, Hsu & Van Stalle, 1988: 48 Oecleopsis mori (Matsumura), Van Stalle, 1991: 23.
Description. Length (from apex of vertex to tip of fore wings): 3 5.1–5.7 mm, Ƥ 6.4–6.8 mm.
Head and pronotum black, carinae and borders yellowish; mesonotum totally black, carinae black; abdomen black. Vertex about 1.6–1.7 times as long as broad, subapical carina V-shaped. Tegmina 3.1 times as long as broad, slightly yellowish; all veins and stigma yellowish. Veins covered with concolorous granules; RA unbranched, RP apically trifurcated, MA apically trifurcated, MP apically bifurcated, CuA bifurcated; Sc+R forked at same level as fork CuA1+CuA2, apex with eleven cells. Legs with femora dark brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Chaetotaxy of hind tarsomere 7/5.
Male genitalia. Ventromedian process in ventral view generally triangular in outline, short, stout, broadest at base, its apex tapering and bluntly pointed. Genital styles symmetrical. Aedeagus in total with five spines. Apical process of flagellum bifurcated, curving to right, rami of bifurcation extremely asymmetrical, left ramus about three times as long as length of right ramus; an awl-shaped process at midway of left lateral side of flagellum, directed dorsocephalad; another awl-shaped process at right apical angle of flagellum, directed cephalad; a small spine on ventral margin at base of flagellum before sclerified periandrium. Spine on right side at apex of aedeagus shorter.
Female genitalia. Caudal border of pregenital sternite shallowly excavated in middle, with two small convex processes submedially. Anal segment elliptic.
Material examined. CHINA: 1 3, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 21/ 30-IV-1974 (I. Chou, F. Yuan & Y. Y. H u) (N WA F U); 1 3, Yunnan, Jinghong, 21-V-1974 (collector unknown) (NWAFU).
Distribution. China (Yunnan, Taiwan).
Remarks. This species is closely related to O. sinicus and O. wuyiensis sp. nov., but can be distinguished from the latter two species in the proportion and implantation of the spines on the aedeagus, especially in the rami of bifurcation with the left ramus about three times as long as the length of the right ramus.
This species is recorded here for the first time from the Chinese mainland (Yunnan Province).
description: Published as part of Guo, Hong-Wei, Wang, Ying-Lun & Feng, Ji-Nian, 2009, Taxonomic study of the genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov, 1971 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Pentastirini), with descriptions of three new species from China, pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 2172 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189234
The Foundation of Bologna
Creators: name: Fabbri, Giampietro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2018
Subjects: L-ANT/01 Preistoria e protostoria
L-ANT/06 Etruscologia e antichità italiche

description: In this work the ancient peoples that partecipated to the foundation of Bologna are studied. In particular, the Etruscans are considered as a confederation of tribes belonging to two distinct lineages descending from Proto-Altaic and Proto-Indo-European peoples. In Bologna territory the members of these lineages were identified as Rasna and Velsna, or, in the dialect of the latter, Ravona and Volvona.  Before Etruscans, the territory around Bologna was inhabitated by Proto-Scythians and Proto-Umbrians. The role of all these peoples in the Bologna foundation is then investigated and referred to the archaeological finds discovered in the area.
Additional file 8 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 8
Oecleopsis petasatus Noualhier 1896
Creators: name: Guo, Hong-Wei
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
name: Feng, Ji-Nian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cixiidae
Oecleopsis
Oecleopsis petasatus

description: Oecleopsis petasatus (Noualhier, 1896), new record for China
Oliarus petasatus Noualhier, 1896: 255; Fennah, 1956: 455 Oecleopsis petasatus (Noualhier), Van Stalle, 1991: 22.
Description. Length (from apex of vertex to tip of fore wings): 3 6.8–7.1 mm, Ƥ 7.0–8.0 mm.
General color ochreous. Vertex dark brown, 5.5 times as long as broad, subapical carina deeply V-shaped. Tegmina three times as long as broad, veins yellow with dark setiferous granules; stigma brown. RA unbranched, RP apically trifid, MA apically trifid, MP apically bifid, CuA bifurcated; Sc+R forked distad of fork CuA1+CuA2; apex with eleven cells. Legs with femora brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Chaetotaxy of hind tarsomere 7/5.
Male genitalia. Genital styles symmetrical. Aedeagus in total with four spines. Apical process of flagellum bifurcated, rami of bifurcation slender and longer, acuminate, right ramus curved upwards; two subapical spines, left subapical spine longer and stronger, directed cephalad, apex curved downwards, right one smaller, tapering, directed caudad. Spine on right side of periandrium at apex of aedeagus very long, sinuate, about 2/3 length of periandrium
Female genitalia. Caudal border of pregenital sternite shallowly excavated in middle, with two small convex processes submedially. Anal segment rectangular.
Material examined. CHINA: 1 Ƥ, Sichuan, Ya’an, Zhougong Mountain, 13-VII-1939 (I. Chou, F. Y. Zheng & T. H. Hao) (NWAFU); 1 Ƥ, Hainan, Yinggeling, 23-V-2007 (Y. L. Wang & Q. Zhai) (NWAFU); 1 Ƥ, Yunnan, Longling County, Shanzipo, 5-VI-1979 (collector unknown) (NWAFU); 1 3, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 9-VI-1986 (collector unknown) (NWAFU)..
Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Hainan), Cambodia.
Remarks. Oecleopsis petasatus can distinguished from its related species by the shape of the aedeagus, more particularly the proportions of the spines, the bifurcated apical process of the flagellum, the acuminate, slender and longer rami of bifurcation, with the right ramus curved dorsad. The spine situated at the apex of the right side of the aedeagus is very long, sinuate and about 2/3 of the length of the periandrium.
This species is recorded here for the first time from China.
description: Published as part of Guo, Hong-Wei, Wang, Ying-Lun & Feng, Ji-Nian, 2009, Taxonomic study of the genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov, 1971 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Pentastirini), with descriptions of three new species from China, pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 2172 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189234
[Knaben im Dorf Rüthi (Kt. Gl.)]
Creators: name: Breitinger, Robert
Publisher: name: [Robert Breitinger]
Year: 1891
Subjects: Kind
Glarus

description: [Robert Breitinger]
description: Bildtitel gemäss Zettelkatalog der Graphischen Sammlung und des Fotoarchivs
description: Auf der Rückseite oben rechts Vermerk mit Bleistift: "1590" (Bildnummer der Visitenkarte). Gemäss dem Verzeichnis Breitingers wurde die Fotografie vermutlich am 12. August 1891 um 16.00 Uhr aufgenommen. Im Verzeichnis Information zu den Wetterverhältnissen: "hell. Son[n]e"
description: Aus der Sammlung Breitinger (1841-1913) Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv
Additional file 9 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 9
title: Περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις ηλεκτροκίνησης σε αυτοκινητόδρομο
title: Environmental effect of electromobility in highway
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Σκουρή, Αγγελική
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ηλεκτρικά οχήματα
Κυκλοφοριακός φόρτος
Μακροσκοπική προσομοίωση
Μικροσκοπική προσομοίωση
Περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις
Εκπομπές ρύπων

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση των περιβαλλοντικών επιπτώσεων της Ηλεκτροκίνησης στον αυτοκινητόδρομο (περιβαλλοντικές, κυκλοφοριακές). Το υπό εξέταση οδικό δίκτυο αφορά τμήμα του αυτοινητοδρόμου της Νέας Οδού ‘Θήβα-Τραγάνα’ και οι μετρήσεις περιλαμβάνουν στοιχεία ανά μήνα, ανά ημέρα, ανά κατεύθυνση και τύπο οχήματος (Βαρέα Οχήματα, Ι.Χ., Λεωφορεία και Μηχανές). Για τον σκοπό αυτό, αναπτύσσεται ένα μοντέλο προσομοίωσης, το οποίο αποτελείται από επτά (7) δυναμικά σενάρια, τα οποία εκτιμούν σε μακροσκοπικό και μικροσκοπικό επίπεδο την πραγματική κατάσταση της κυκλοφορίας στην υπό εξέταση περιοχή. Το λογισμικό που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την ανάπτυξη των προαναφερθέντων δυναμικών σεναρίων είναι το λογιμικό κυκλοφοριακής προσομοίωσης AIMSUN. Μέσα από το λογισμικό κυκλοφοριακής προσομοίωσης εξετάστηκαν οι εκπομπές ατμοσφαιρικών ρύπων των οχημάτων στο υπό εξέταση οδικό δίκτυο. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν τις περιβαλλοντικές παραμέτρους που παρουσιάζουν αλλαγές στην σύνθεση του οδικού δικτύου ανάλογα με την σύνθεση της κυκλοφορίας των Ι.Χ. (συμβατικών, ηλεκτροκίνητων), καθώς επίσης και των Βαρέων Οχημάτων (συμβατικών, ηλεκτροκίνητων).
[Knaben im Sihlkanal] : [Sihlhölzli]
Creators: name: Breitinger, Robert
Publisher: name: [Robert Breitinger]
Year: 1904
Subjects: Kanal
Zürich

description: Darstellung von Personen, die im Sihlhölzli am Ufer des Sihlkanals sitzen
description: [Robert Breitinger]
description: Bildtitel gemäss Zettelkatalog der Graphischen Sammlung und des Fotoarchivs
description: Auf der Rückseite oben rechts Vermerk mit Bleistift: "6671" (Bildnummer der Visitenkarte). Gemäss dem Verzeichnis Breitingers wurde die Fotografie am 14. Mai 1904 um 17.10 Uhr aufgenommen. Im Verzeichnis Information zu den Wetterverhältnissen: "Sonne hell"
description: Handschriftliche Notizen in Bleistift auf der Vorderseite sowie auf der Rückseite der Visitenkarte
description: Unter der Systemnummer 010397115 ist ein ähnlicher Abzug zu finden (Signatur der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv: Breitinger, Visit III, Aussengemeinden, Enge III / 3.2, Belvoir, 6672/28/1904)
description: Aus der Sammlung Breitinger (1841-1913) Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv
title: Wien im Lichte dinglicher Historiographie
Creators: name: Titz, Eva Tamara
Year: 2010

description: Museen als Bewahrungsorte des kulturellen Gedächtnisses, als die sie aktuell betrachtet werden, beinhalten in ihrer Erinnerungsfunktion auch Wissensspeicherung. Diese gilt es in der Studie im Rahmen musealer Kommunikation herauszustreichen, und Strukturen der Generierung von Wissen zu beobachten. Dafür werden Kurator/innen und wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter/innen von Museen interviewt, da sie Schlüsselpositionen in den Bereichen der Wissensspeicherung und –generierung, sowie beim Deponieren und Exponieren von Objekten, einnehmen. Aufgrund der Interaktion zwischen der Institution mit der Umwelt wird von einer Wechselwirkung ausgegangen, die das Museum zu einem Teil des kulturellen Gedächtnisses der Gesellschaft stilisiert und gesammeltes, bewahrtes, erforschtes, vermitteltes und präsentiertes Wissen mitbestimmt. Die Gesprächstranskripte der Kurator/innen und wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter/innen von Museen in Wien wurden im Rahmen eines interpretativ angelegten Forschungsdesigns nach drei verschiedenen Analysen ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse konnten somit auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen abstrahiert werden und Annahmen über wichtige Themen und Strukturen der Wissensproduktion und –verbreitung formuliert, sowie das Selbstverständis einer Berufsgruppe skizziert werden.
description: Museums are regarded today for their role in the conservation of cultural memory, but also, in their commemorative function, for the preservation of knowledge. The present study centers on structures relating to the generation of knowledge within the framework of museological communication. Curators and researchers of museums in Vienna have been interviewed regarding their key participation in the exhibition of artifacts. Through research, interpretation, collecting, preservation, and presentation of knowledge, as well as the interaction with community, the museum establishes itself as a part of cultural memory. In three separate analyses, the interview transcript Verlags were evaluated within the framework of an interpretative research design. The results were abstracted at several levels of interpretation, producing themes and structures that delineate the output and distribution of knowledge, and the self-awareness of workers in the field.
Immunogenicity of a novel tetravalent dengue envelope protein domain III-based antigen in mice
Creators: name: Fahimi, Hossein
name: Sadeghizadeh, Majid
name: Hassan, Zuhair M.
name: Auerswald, Heidi
name: Schreiber, Michael
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: dengue
serotypes
domain III
vaccine
tetravalent

description: Dengue virus is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes dengue diseases. All four serotypes of dengue virus are infectious for humans. Therefore, an efficacious dengue vaccine should be tetravalent to provide protection against all types of virus. The goal of this study was to design a new tetravalent recombinant protein from envelope protein of dengue viruses to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies against all four serotypes in mice. A chimeric protein was designed from domain III of envelope protein of all serotypes of dengue virus. Four domain III fragments were linked together by alpha helix making linkers. The final sequence of the designed protein was analyzed in silico and the coding gene sequence was deduced by reverse translation. After cloning and expression of the recombinant protein (ED3-tetravalent protein), identity of the purified protein was confirmed using a pan-dengue specific monoclonal antibody in Western blotting. Then, the immunogenicity of the purified protein was studied in mice using antibody titration. The efficacy of induced antibodies in neutralization of the virus was studies by FRNT method. Furthermore, the induction of cellular immunity was studied by measurement of cytokines using ELISA method and measurement of lymphocyte proliferation using MTT assay. The ED3-tetravalent protein was able to enhance neutralizing immunogenic response against all four dengue serotypes; in similar way to that of tetravalent formulation of four individual domain III-based polypeptides. It is suggested that the ED3-tetravalent fusion protein can induce broadly neutralizing antibody responses against all four serotypes of dengue virus in mice.
description: EXCLI Journal; 17:Doc1054; ISSN 1611-2156
Additional file 10 of Factors predicting long-term outcomes following physiotherapy in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis
Creators: name: Kromer, Thilo Oliver
name: Kohl, Matthias
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 10
Additional file 1 of Protective effects of the R-(+)-thioctic acid treatment: possible anti-inflammatory activity on heart of hypertensive rats
Creators: name: Roy, Proshanta
name: Tomassoni, Daniele
name: Martinelli, Ilenia
name: Bellitto, Vincenzo
name: Nittari, Giulio
name: Amenta, Francesco
name: Tayebati, Seyed Khosrow
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1
The False Panacea of City Charters? A Political Perspective on the Case of Toronto
Creators: name: Sancton, Andrew
Publisher: name: The School of Public Policy Publications
Year: 2016

description: Toronto is unlike any other city, as its local boosters will not hesitate to point out. That was the basis, after all, of the “charter movement” that demanded special rights for a mega-city that the movement’s backers insisted was so vital that it even warranted a status similar to that of an entire province. Their efforts culminated in the province’s passage in 2006 of the City of Toronto Act, which appeared on its face to grant the metropolis the power it believed it required and merited. In reality, the Ontario government may have actually set Toronto back, leaving it more at the mercy of provincial power than other smaller municipalities. The few additional taxation powers that were granted by the ostensible Toronto “charter” — the City of Toronto Act — are, in reality, still overseen by the province, which retains the right to limit those revenue tools if it considers it “desirable in the provincial interest to do so.” But while Toronto may have been given just a small number of revenue tools, which it has used only sparingly, and the use of those tools is ultimately decided by Queen’s Park, their very existence has given the province licence to sidestep the city’s calls for more funding. The provincial Liberals have, in the past, insisted that Toronto make use of its own taxes before it demands more provincial funds. Meanwhile, the City of Toronto Act did nothing to curtail the power of the Ontario Municipal Board (OMB). Because municipal zoning decisions made in Toronto can be appealed to the OMB, which can substitute its own idea of “good planning” for elected local government, the City of Toronto is ultimately left with limited control over its planning decisions. In sum, virtually none of the desires that Toronto expected would be served by a city charter have been fulfilled. Quite the opposite, it would appear that the dreams once imagined by charter-city proponents have been snuffed out, and there is no longer any real political voice anywhere advocating for more autonomy and taxing authority for Toronto. In the pursuit of more funds for transit infrastructure, the current mayor, John Tory, has returned to the traditional model of attracting funds from higher levels of government, rather than seeking to use any of the revenue tools provided by the City of Toronto Act. It would be truly surprising if municipal leaders anywhere else in Canada sought to emulate Toronto’s experience with charter status. If that experience serves as a model for anything, it is as a way for provincial governments to cleverly defuse and deflect a major city’s demands for enhanced status.
description: The School of Public Policy Publications, Vol 9 (2016)
[Spielende Kinder a. Hechtplatz]
Creators: name: Breitinger, Robert
Publisher: name: [Robert Breitinger]
Year: 1896
Subjects: Kind
Zürich

description: [Robert Breitinger]
description: Bildtitel gemäss Zettelkatalog der Graphischen Sammlung und des Fotoarchivs
description: Auf der Rückseite handschriftliche Notiz und oben rechts Vermerk mit roter Tinte: "4014" (Bildnummer der Visitenkarte). Gemäss dem Verzeichnis Breitingers wurde die Fotografie am 20. Oktober 1896 aufgenommen
description: Aus der Sammlung Breitinger (1841-1913) Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv
Additional file 2 of Protective effects of the R-(+)-thioctic acid treatment: possible anti-inflammatory activity on heart of hypertensive rats
Creators: name: Roy, Proshanta
name: Tomassoni, Daniele
name: Martinelli, Ilenia
name: Bellitto, Vincenzo
name: Nittari, Giulio
name: Amenta, Francesco
name: Tayebati, Seyed Khosrow
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 2
[Kinder im Wagen] : [Bellevue]
Creators: name: Breitinger, Robert
Publisher: name: [Robert Breitinger]
Year: 1896
Subjects: Kind
Handwagen
Zürich

description: [Robert Breitinger]
description: Bildtitel gemäss Zettelkatalog der Graphischen Sammlung und des Fotoarchivs
description: Auf der Rückseite handschriftliche Notiz und oben rechts Vermerk mit roter Tinte: "4007" (Bildnummer der Visitenkarte). Gemäss dem Verzeichnis Breitingers wurde die Fotografie am 17. Oktober 1896 um 11.00 Uhr aufgenommen. Im Verzeichnis Information zu den Wetterverhältnissen: "düster Sonne"
description: Aus der Sammlung Breitinger (1841-1913) Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv
Isothermal amplification of long DNA fragments at low temperature by improved strand displacement amplification
Creators: name: Zhang, Yinhua
name: Luck, Ashley N
name: Tanner, Nathan A
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Strand displacement amplification (SDA) is an isothermal amplification technique wherein amplification of a nucleic acid is initiated by nicking enzyme activity at sites flanking the target. Diagnostic SDA is very fast but requires precise optimization and is limited to very short amplicons. Here we report an enhanced approach by addition of single-stranded DNA binding protein, crowding agents and dUTP to enable amplification of kilobase-length products at low temperatures. Additionally, we pair this improved SDA with a novel carryover contamination prevention, eliminating amplifiable DNA at the end of the reaction to reduce contamination risk. Taken together these developments increase the utility and versatility of SDA, broadening the reach of this powerful but uncommonly used method. We present enhancements to nicking enzyme-based strand displacement amplification (SDA) by inclusion of PEG, dUTP and gp32 single-stranded binding protein. This improved reaction functions at low temperature, can produce amplicons up to 2 kb in length, and is compatible with a novel WarmStart UDG for carryover contamination prevention. Improved SDA can produce kb-length amplicons and is compatible with a novel carryover prevention mechanism.
[Kinder im Wagen am Sonnenquai]
Creators: name: Breitinger, Robert
Publisher: name: [Robert Breitinger]
Year: 1896
Subjects: Mädchen
Handwagen
Zürich

description: Vier in einem Handkarren sitzende Kinder am Limmatquai; der Handkarren wird von einem Mädchen gezogen. Im Bildhintergrund sind zwei Gebäude, die mit Schildern versehen sind (Beschriftungen: "Th. Ernst, Optiker."; "Papeterie A. Dändliker, Buchbinderei"; "S. Tresch Messerschmied."; "Cigaren J. Hintermüller Tabak"; "Bijouterie Ernst Engelke Silberwaren")
description: [Robert Breitinger]
description: Bildtitel gemäss Zettelkatalog der Graphischen Sammlung und des Fotoarchivs
description: Auf der Rückseite handschriftliche Notiz und oben rechts Vermerk mit roter Tinte: "4004" (Bildnummer der Visitenkarte). Gemäss dem Verzeichnis Breitingers wurde die Fotografie am 14. Oktober 1896 um 11.00 Uhr aufgenommen. Im Verzeichnis Information zu den Wetterverhältnissen: "schwach Son[n]e"
description: Aus der Sammlung Breitinger (1841-1913) Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv
Ansicht der Veduta Berghaus mit metreologischen Station auf dem Julierpass 2240 m
Creators: name: Müller, Johann
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1867
Subjects: Meteorologische Station
Hospiz
Pass

description: IM.
description: Gehört zu den Ansichten und Panoramen, die früher als Doubletten bezeichnet wurden. Es handelt sich jedoch um feiner oder weiter ausgearbeitete Zeichnungen, Vorstufen zu Reinzeichnungen oder Sammlungsstücken, die bisher weder katalogisiert noch signiert wurden
description: Vgl. "Die Veduta oder Berghaus 2240 mt. auf dem Julierpass", Signatur: [Müller-Wegmann] XXIII 33
description: Aus der Sammlung Johann Müller-Wegmann; Depositum der SAC Sektion Uto in der Zentralbibliothek des SAC
Rates of Return on Flow-Through Shares: Investors and Governments Beware
Creators: name: Jog, Vijay
Publisher: name: The School of Public Policy Publications
Year: 2016

description: Canada’s tax code allows the use of flow-through shares for mining and oil and gas companies on the assumption that they are a good way to spur new productive exploration and are also beneficial to investors. In reality, it appears that flow-through shares are lousy for both. Flow-through shares are designed for corporations that cannot make good use of expense deductions from their taxes and so, through the use of these special type of shares, can pass along their expenses for shareholders to deduct from their own income taxes. This tax break is not insignificant: The amount of revenue foregone by the federal government due to flow-through shares and the related Mineral Exploration Tax Credit averaged $440 million every year between 2007 and 2012. But the steepest price has arguably been borne by investors, with returns on flow-through shares performing extraordinarily poorly. For small companies that issued these shares, the annualized absolute return was a nearly 100 per cent loss. For larger companies, the returns were not as bad — negative 14 per cent — but still a loss. And if adjusted for corresponding benchmarks, the returns were even worse. From the $2.5 billion raised from Canadians using flow-through shares, investors have lost $1.2 billion. Certainly these results would indicate that flow-through shares are hardly helping Canadian explorers strike lucrative new discoveries (it is impossible to say whether the limited success some larger companies had in locating productive assets, using flow-through shares, would not have occurred anyway). Meanwhile, these share issues, bearing the imprimatur of a special government right and the incentive of an investor tax benefit, have likely led to market distortions, luring capital that might have otherwise gone to more productive and rewarding investments. Compounding matters is the very real possibility that those projects that were funded by flow-through shares, but would have been better not begun at all, added competition for inputs and labour, increasing their prices — and lowering returns — for other mining and oil and gas projects with better prospects. In sum, the legacy of flow-through shares is effectively a list of everything that would indicate the policy’s failure. They have hurt investors. They have hurt economic efficiency. They have distorted market competition. And all at a cost to the federal government of nearly half-a-billion dollars a year. Furthermore, the incentives created by flow-through shares can only run counter to any desires among federal and provincial governments to diversify their economies and reduce dependency on mineral and fossil fuel resources. And even where it remains a goal to increase investment in such resources — or any other government-favoured sector, for that matter — it is clear that flow-through shares or tax incentives similar to this policy mechanism are an extremely poor way to achieve it.
description: The School of Public Policy Publications, Vol 9 (2016)