cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inhibition corrosion effect of extract from basella rubra on carbon steel in HCl solution
Creators: name: Shi, Cuijie
name: Song, XiaoPing
name: Kan, Ying
name: Fan, Yu
name: Song, Xiaowei
name: Zhang, Yinglan
name: Zhang, Zhengdong
Publisher: name: ESG : Bor, Serbia
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Carbon steel
subject: Corrosion inhibitor
subject: EIS
subject: HCl solution
subject: Weight loss
subject: 540
subject: 620

description: The inhibition behavior of fruit extract of Basella rubra on corrosion of carbon steel in 1 mol L-1 HCl solution was studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The adsorption of extract obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Electrochemical results reveal that the inhibitor acts as mix type inhibitor but cathodically predominant. The separated substituents can also inhibit the corrosion of carbon steel in HCl solution efficiently. SEM and XPS results demonstrate that the protective layer formed by extract molecules can effectively inhibit corrosion process at metal surface. © 2020 The Authors.
title: Salt Production From Micro-Channels in the Price River Basin, Utah
Creators: name: White, Richard Bruce
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: Salt production from micro-channels in the Price River basin of east-central Utah was studied using artificial inputs in order to better define the general sources and processes involved in diffuse source salt release within the basin. An attempt was made to determine what factors are most significant in relation to salt release. The study revealed that the micro-channel systems are highly heterogeneous in relation to salinity. This natural variability tends to increase as the salt content of the channel increases.
The Bluegate member of the Mancos shale was found to be the prime source of salt within the basin. Gypsum was the most prevalent salt encountered. Electrical conductivity was seen to be a significant index of salt and sediment production.
Both suspended solids and total dissolved solids concentrations were observed to increase with distance downstream and decrease with time. A period of quasiequilibrium of concentrations was reached approximately 20 or 25 minutes after the beginning of a run. This was theorized to be the time required for the loose, easily eroded material to be washed away from the surface of the channel. A distance related equilibrium was reached after approximately 800 or 1000 feet (240 or 300 m) of flow length.
Salts loads were found to be relatively insensitive to channel and flow parameters but very sensitive to suspended sediment loads. This suggested that the same processes involved in sediment release also act in the release of salt . A prediction equation was developed to determine the ratio of salt to sediment resulting from some event.
Micro-channels are suspected of yielding seven to ten times the salt concentration and load resulting from overland flow. It was estimated that approximately 3.4 percent of the salt which annually passes Woodside is the result of micro-channel activity.
Derivation of the Supermolecular Interaction Energy from the Monomer Densities in the Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Rajchel, Łukasz
name: Żuchowski, Piotr S.
name: Szcześniak, Małgorzata M.
name: Chałasiński, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density functional theory (DFT) interaction energy of a dimer is rigorously derived from the monomer densities. To this end, the supermolecular energy bifunctional is formulated in terms of mutually orthogonal sets of orbitals of the constituent monomers. The orthogonality condition is preserved in the solution of the Kohn-Sham equations through the Pauli blockade method. Numerical implementation of the method provides interaction energies which agree with those obtained from standard supermolecular calculations within less than 0.1% error for three example functionals: Slater-Dirac, PBE0 and B3LYP, and for two model van der Waals dimers: Ne2 and (C2H4)2, and two model H-bond complexes: (HF)2 and (NH3)2.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, REVTeX4
title: Chemical Quality Variation in a Small Mountain Watershed
Creators: name: White, David C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: The purpose of this study was to quantify the chemical nature of the Chicken Creek waters, and to investigate the variability and causes of that observed chemistry. The three objectives of the study were: 1) inventory the chemistry of the water produced by the subject watersheds, 2) determine chemical budgets for the watersheds, and 3) identify the sources of the primary chemical components.
Chemical surveys were made: 1) on the stream exiting from each gaged watershed, 2) at various points within the West Branch drainage network, 3) of the atmospheric inputs (rain, snow, and dust), 4) of the soil solution, and 5) of the soil itself. Data were also collected on the volume and distribution of rain and snow entering the watersheds, and the volume and timing of the streamflow leaving.
Streams were found to be dilute solutions with nearly neutral pH, containing Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, and Cl; with NO3 and PO4 present in lesser quantities. The observed chemistry was quite dynamic with the CO2/CO3/HCO3 equilibrium system having a significant influence. In a more general sense, the water chemistry appeared to be a mixture of surface runoff, with chemistry approaching that of precipitation; and subsurface flow, with chemistry near that of soil solution.
The watersheds themselves are the source of most of the chemical constituents, with only NO3 and PO4 appearing to be consumed within the watersheds. On a per unit area basis, the West Branch watershed was shown to produce significantly more water, of higher chemical concentration than the East Branch. Possible explanations for such variability are discussed, e.g., non-uniform distribution of the snow pack and varying chemical activity of soils.
Incompatibility of observables, channels and instruments in information theories
Creators: name: D'Ariano, Giacomo M.
name: Perinotti, Paolo
name: Tosini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Every theory of information, including classical and quantum, can be studied in the framework of operational probabilistic theories--where the notion of test generalizes that of quantum instrument, namely a collection of quantum operations summing to a channel, and simple rules are given for the composition of tests in parallel and in sequence. Here we study the notion of compatibility for tests of an operational probabilistic theory. Following the quantum literature, we first introduce the notion of strong compatibility, and then we illustrate its ultimate relaxation, that we deem weak compatibility. It is shown that the two notions coincide in the case of observation tests--which are the counterpart of quantum POVMs--while there exist weakly compatible channels that are not strongly compatible. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a theory to exhibit incompatible tests. We show that a theory admits of incompatible tests if and only if some information cannot be extracted without disturbance.
description: 11 pages, revtex4; bibliography is now displayed correctly
Entanglement in pure and thermal cluster states
Creators: name: Hajdusek, Michal
name: Vedral, Vlatko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a closest separable state to cluster states. We start by considering linear cluster chains and extend our method to cluster states that can be used as a universal resource in quantum computation. We reproduce known results for pure cluster states and show how our method can be used in quantifying entanglement in noisy cluster states. Operational meaning is given to our method that clearly demonstrates how these closest separable states can be constructed from two-qubit clusters in the case of pure states. We also discuss the issue of finding the critical temperature at which the cluster state becomes only classically correlated and the importance of this temperature to our method.
description: Revised extended version, references added. 14 pages, 4 figures
Implication of BaBar's new data on the $D_{s1}(2710)$ and $D_{sJ}(2860)$
Creators: name: Li, De-Min
name: Ma, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong decays of the $D_{s1}(2710)$ and $D_{sJ}(2860)$ are investigated in the framework of the $^3P_0$ model. Its decay properties newly reported by the BaBar Collaboration can be reasonably accounted for in the presence of the $D_{s1}(2710)$ being a mixture of the $D_s(2 ^3S_1)$ and $D_s(1 ^3D_1)$. The orthogonal partner of the $D_{s1}(2710)$ is expected to have a mass of about $2.66\sim 2.9$ GeV in quark models and a width of about $40\sim 60$ MeV in the $^3P_0$ model. The predicted decay properties turn out to be consistent with the BaBar's new data in both the orthogonal partner of the $D_{s1}(2710)$ and the $D_s(1 ^3D_3)$ interpretations for the $D_{sJ}(2860)$. The available experimental information is not enough to distinguish these two possibilities. The $E1$ radiative transitions of the $D_{s1}(2710)$ and $D_{sJ}(2860)$ are also studied. We tend to conclude that the $D_{s1}(2710)$ can be identified as a mixture of the $D_s(2 ^3S_1)$ and $D_s(1 ^3D_1)$, and the $D_{sJ}(2860)$ could be either the orthogonal partner of the $D_{s1}(2710)$ or the $D_s(1 ^3D_3)$. Further experimental information on the $D_{sJ}(2860)$ in the $D_sη$, $D^\ast_sη$, and $DK^\ast$ channels is needed.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
A Logical Product Approach to Zonotope Intersection
Creators: name: Ghorbal, Khalil
name: Goubault, Eric
name: Putot, Sylvie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define and study a new abstract domain which is a fine-grained combination of zonotopes with polyhedric domains such as the interval, octagon, linear templates or polyhedron domain. While abstract transfer functions are still rather inexpensive and accurate even for interpreting non-linear computations, we are able to also interpret tests (i.e. intersections) efficiently. This fixes a known drawback of zonotopic methods, as used for reachability analysis for hybrid sys- tems as well as for invariant generation in abstract interpretation: intersection of zonotopes are not always zonotopes, and there is not even a best zonotopic over-approximation of the intersection. We describe some examples and an im- plementation of our method in the APRON library, and discuss some further in- teresting combinations of zonotopes with non-linear or non-convex domains such as quadratic templates and maxplus polyhedra.
Bound States for Magic State Distillation in Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Campbell, Earl T.
name: Browne, Dan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magic state distillation is an important primitive in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The magic states are pure non-stabilizer states which can be distilled from certain mixed non-stabilizer states via Clifford group operations alone. Because of the Gottesman-Knill theorem, mixtures of Pauli eigenstates are not expected to be magic state distillable, but it has been an open question whether all mixed states outside this set may be distilled. In this Letter we show that, when resources are finitely limited, non-distillable states exist outside the stabilizer octahedron. In analogy with the bound entangled states, which arise in entanglement theory, we call such states bound states for magic state distillation.
description: Published version. This paper builds on a theorem proven in "On the Structure of Protocols for Magic State Distillation", arXiv:0908.0838. These two papers jointly form the content of a talk entitled "Neither Magical nor Classical?", which was presented at TQC 2009, Waterloo
Local spin and charge properties of beta-Ag0.33V2O5 studied by 51V NMR
Creators: name: Hisada, A.
name: Fujiwara, N.
name: Yamauchi, T.
name: Ueda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local spin and charge properties were studied on beta-Ag0.33V2O5, a pressure-induced superconductor, at ambient pressure using 51V-NMR and zero-field-resonance (ZFR) techniques. Three inequivalent Vi sites (i=1, 2, and 3) were identified from 51V-NMR spectra and the principal axes of the electric-field-gradient (EFG) tensor were determined in a metallic phase and the following charge-ordering phase. We found from the EFG analysis that the V1 sites are in a similar local environment to the V3 sites. This was also observed in ZFR spectra as pairs of signals closely located with each other. These results are well explained by a charge-sharing model where a 3d1 electron is shared within a rung in both V1-V3 and V2-V2 two-leg ladders.
description: 12pages, 16figures
Methane prediction based on individual or groups of milk fatty acids for dairy cows fed rations with or without linseed
Creators: name: Engelke, Stefanie W.
name: Daş, Gürbüz
name: Derno, Michael
name: Tuchscherer, Armin
name: Wimmers, Klaus
name: Rychlik, Michael
name: Kienberger, Hermine
name: Berg, Werner
name: Kuhla, Björn
name: Metges, Cornelia C.
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: dairy cow
subject: methane emission prediction
subject: methane mitigation
subject: methane proxy
subject: milk fatty acids
subject: 660
subject: 630
subject: 640

description: Milk fatty acids (MFA) are a proxy for the prediction of CH4 emission from cows, and prediction differs with diet. Our objectives were (1) to compare the effect of diets on the relation between MFA profile and measured CH4 production, (2) to predict CH4 production based on 6 data sets differing in the number and type of MFA, and (3) to test whether additional inclusion of energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield or dry matter intake (DMI) as explanatory variables improves predictions. Twenty dairy cows were used. Four diets were used based on corn silage (CS) or grass silage (GS) without (L0) or with linseed (LS) supplementation. Ten cows were fed CS-L0 and CS-LS and the other 10 cows were fed GS-L0 and GS-LS in random order. In feeding wk 5 of each diet, CH4 production (L/d) was measured in respiration chambers for 48 h and milk was analyzed for MFA concentrations by gas chromatography. Specific CH4 prediction equations were obtained for L0-, LS-, GS-, and CS-based diets and for all 4 diets collectively and validated by an internal cross-validation. Models were developed containing either 43 identified MFA or a reduced set of 7 groups of biochemically related MFA plus C16:0 and C18:0. The CS and LS diets reduced CH4 production compared with GS and L0 diets, respectively. Methane yield (L/kg of DMI) reduction by LS was higher with CS than GS diets. The concentrations of C18:1 trans and n-3 MFA differed among GS and CS diets. The LS diets resulted in a higher proportion of unsaturated MFA at the expense of saturated MFA. When using the data set of 43 individual MFA to predict CH4 production (L/d), the cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2 CV) ranged from 0.47 to 0.92. When using groups of MFA variables, the R2 CV ranged from 0.31 to 0.84. The fit parameters of the latter models were improved by inclusion of ECM or DMI, but not when added to the data set of 43 MFA for all diets pooled. Models based on GS diets always had a lower prediction potential (R2 CV = 0.31 to 0.71) compared with data from CS diets (R2 CV = 0.56 to 0.92). Models based on LS diets produced lower prediction with data sets with reduced MFA variables (R2 CV = 0.62 to 0.68) compared with L0 diets (R2 CV = 0.67 to 0.80). The MFA C18:1 cis-9 and C24:0 and the monounsaturated FA occurred most often in models. In conclusion, models with a reduced number of MFA variables and ECM or DMI are suitable for CH4 prediction, and CH4 prediction equations based on diets containing linseed resulted in lower prediction accuracy. © 2019 American Dairy Science Association
Boundary problems for Dirac electrons and edge-assisted Raman scattering in graphene
Creators: name: Basko, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper reports a theoretical study of scattering of electrons by edges in graphene and its effect on Raman scattering. First, effective models are discussed for translationally invariant and rough edges. Second, they are used in a calculation of the edge-activated Raman D peak intensity and its dependence on the polarization of the incident/scattered light, as well as on the position of the excitation spot. Manifestations of the quasiclassical character of electron motion in Raman scattering are discussed.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures
title: Forage Quality Comparison of Burned and Nonburned Aspen Communities
Creators: name: Blank, Deborah L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of prescribed burning on herbaceous and browse forage quality in the aspen forest type for elk and domestic sheep.
Plant samples of selected forage species were taken from burned and nonburned plots within three different prescribed burns in southeastern Idaho. These samples were analyzed for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance.
There was little improvement in forage quality as a result of prescribed burning, with some reduction in quality in 1983 exhibited by pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens). Aspen on August 2 , 1982 had improved elk IVDMD and Ca/P ratios, crude protein and phosphorus levels and decreased calcium content on the burned versus the nonburned areas . By August 22, 1982, only crude protein levels were improved. All of the shrubs analyzed for that date had improved crude protein levels on the burned versus the nonburned areas, but only serviceberry had higher phosphorus levels.
In 1983, none of the shrubs or forbs had improved forage quality. Pinegrass decreased in IVDMD and c rude protein on the burned areas, possibly due to a more rapid maturation and increased seed production.
Other benefits from prescribed burning included a changing species composition from dense shrub matts to more palatable and nutritious forbs that are not found on unburned areas . This reduction in shrubs also led to greater access of animals to available forage.
The aspen type was shown to have a nutritious and valuable understory, irrespective of prescribed burning.
Electroluminescence and current-voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble
Creators: name: Van Treeck, David
name: Ledig, Johannes
name: Scholz, Gregor
name: Lähnemann, Jonas
name: Musolino, Mattia
name: Tahraoui, Abbes
name: Brandt, Oliver
name: Waag, Andreas
name: Riechert, Henning
name: Geelhaar, Lutz
Publisher: name: Frankfurt, M. : Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Current-voltage
subject: Electroluminescence
subject: External quantum efficiency (EQE)
subject: Nanowire LED
subject: Single nanowire
subject: 620
subject: 540

description: We present the combined analysis of electroluminescence (EL) and current-voltage (I-V) behavior of single, freestanding (In,Ga)N/GaN nanowire (NW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in an unprocessed, self-assembled ensemble grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The data were acquired in a scanning electron microscope equipped with a micromanipulator and a luminescence detection system. Single NW spectra consist of emission lines originating from different quantum wells, and the width of the spectra increases with decreasing peak emission energy. The corresponding I-V characteristics are described well by a modified Shockley equation. The key advantage of this measurement approach is the possibility to correlate the EL intensity of a single-NW LED with the actual current density in this NW. This way, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) can be investigated as a function of the current in a single-NW LED. The comparison of the EQE characteristic of single NWs and the ensemble device allows for a quite accurate determination of the actual number of emitting NWs in the working ensemble LED and the respective current densities in its individual NWs. This information is decisive for a meaningful and comprehensive characterization of a NW ensemble device, rendering the measurement approach employed here a very powerful analysis tool. © 2019 van Treeck et al.
title: An Evaluation of Using In-Field Evaporation Pans to Schedule Irrigation on Potatoes
Creators: name: Tremblay, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: This research project was undertaken to determine if an evaporation pan would accurately predict evapotranspiration when placed in an actual irrigated field situation. Two potato fields in Southern Idaho with different micro-climates and soil types were used in this study. The in-field evaporation pan method was compared with the gravimetric method and the Jensen-Raise and modified-Penman climatic methods. Yield and quality responses were evaluated by varying the amount of sprinkler-applied water so that three distinct moisture regimes were evaluated. It was also necessary to evaluate recent crop coefficient (Kc) curves on potatoes to see if the Kc values predicted evapotranspiration (Et) accurately when related to the evaporation pan or climatic methods.
The results showed that the in-field evaporation pan method predicted Et as well as or better than the climatic methods. During July and August, the evaporation pan reading times a Kc of 0.95 predicted Et extremely well when compared with measured actual Et. Crop coefficient curves were developed for both fields by dividing measured actual Et by the evaporative pan reading. The two Kc curves were very similar for the entire growing season. Established Kccurves did not predict actual Et with accuracy or consistency.
Yield and quality was definitely correlated with the amount of applied water. The dry moisture regime for both fields received 37 percent less water than the normal plots (which were watered to gravimetric and evaporation pan depletion levels) and resulted in a yield reduction of 34 percent. The quality (percent number one potatoes) was decreased by about 50 percent with reduced water.
Hypothesis Testing in Sequentially Sampled Data: AdapRT to Maximize Power Beyond iid Sampling
Creators: name: Ham, Dae Woong
name: Qiu, Jiaze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Testing whether a variable of interest affects the outcome is one of the most fundamental problem in statistics and is often the main scientific question of interest. To tackle this problem, the conditional randomization test (CRT) is widely used to test the independence of variable(s) of interest (X) with an outcome (Y) holding other variable(s) (Z) fixed. The CRT uses randomization or design-based inference that relies solely on the iid sampling of (X,Z) to produce exact finite-sample p-values that are constructed using any test statistic. We propose a new method, the adaptive randomization test (ART), that tackles the independence problem while allowing the data to be adaptively sampled. We first showcase the ART in a particular multi-arm bandit problem known as the normal-mean model. Under this setting, we theoretically characterize the powers of both the iid sampling procedure and the adaptive sampling procedure and empirically find that the ART can uniformly outperform the CRT that pulls all arms independently with equal probability. We also surprisingly find that the ART can be more powerful than even the CRT that uses an oracle iid sampling procedure when the signal is relatively strong. We believe that the proposed adaptive procedure is successful because it takes arms that may initially look like "fake" signals due to random chance and stabilizes them closer to "null" signals. We additionally showcase the ART to a popular factorial survey design setting known as conjoint analysis. We find similar results through simulations and a recent application concerning the role of gender discrimination in political candidate evaluation.
title: Spawning Biology of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) in Willard Bay Reservoir, Utah
Creators: name: Shipman, Stuart Terry
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: This study was conducted on Willard Bay Reservoir, Utah, during the summers of 1972 and 1973, to study the spawning biology of the channel catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus), and to evaluate potential reproduction for this species in the reservoir. Potential reproduction was evaluated through examination of available natural habitat and use of artificial habitat provided for this study.
Channel catfish were found to mature by the end of their fourth year and spawn from mid-June through August. A total of 12 nesting channel catfish were observed along 15, 0.8 kilometer (0.5 mile) sections of dike. Ten of these 12 nests were along the dike-bottom interface. Numerous other areas along these sections of dike were considered to be favorable spawning habitat.
Only four fish, two black bullheads (Ictalurus melas) and two channel catfish, were observed using artificial spawning habitat. All four fish utilized milk cans as spawning structures, rather than tire groups or plastic trash cans.
Results indicated that there is suitable habitat available in the reservoir to accommodate a much larger population of channel catfish spawners. Length frequency analysis and capture of young-of-the-year show that channel catfish had spawned successfully each year since 1971.
Testing homogeneity with galaxy number counts : light-cone metric and general low-redshift expansion for a central observer in a matter dominated isotropic universe without cosmological constant
Creators: name: Romano, Antonio Enea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an alternative to dark energy it has been suggested that we may be at the center of an inhomogeneous isotropic universe described by a Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) solution of Einstein's field equations. In order to test this hypothesis we calculate the general analytical formula to fifth order for the redshift spherical shell mass. Using the same analytical method we write the metric in the light-cone by introducing a gauge invariant quantity $G(z)$ which together with the luminosity distance $D_L(z)$ completely determine the light-cone geometry of a LTB model.
description: 13 pages
Mathematical modeling of drug-induced receptor internalization in the HER2-positive SKBR3 breast cancer cell-line
Creators: name: Fehling-Kaschek, M.
name: Peckys, D.B.
name: Kaschek, D.
name: Timmer, J.
name: Jonge, N.
Publisher: name: Berlin : Springer Nature
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: HER2 receptor
subject: breast cancer
subject: modeling
subject: 610

description: About 20% of breast cancer tumors over-express the HER2 receptor. Trastuzumab, an approved drug to treat this type of breast cancer, is a monoclonal antibody directly binding at the HER2 receptor and ultimately inhibiting cancer cell growth. The goal of our study was to understand the early impact of trastuzumab on HER2 internalization and recycling in the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line SKBR3. To this end, fluorescence microscopy, monitoring the amount of HER2 expression in the plasma membrane, was combined with mathematical modeling to derive the flux of HER2 receptors from and to the membrane. We constructed a dynamic multi-compartment model based on ordinary differential equations. To account for cancer cell heterogeneity, a first, dynamic model was expanded to a second model including two distinct cell phenotypes, with implications for different conformational states of HER2, i.e. monomeric or homodimeric. Our mathematical model shows that the hypothesis of fast constitutive HER2 recycling back to the plasma membrane does not match the experimental data. It conclusively describes the experimental observation that trastuzumab induces sustained receptor internalization in cells with membrane ruffles. It is also concluded that for rare, non-ruffled (flat) cells, HER2 internalization occurs three orders of magnitude slower than for the bulk, ruffled cell population. © 2019, The Author(s).
Numerical approach to the nuclear deformation energy
Creators: name: Mohammed-Azizi, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical method close to the Strutinsky procedure (but better) is proposed to calculate the deformation energy of nuclei. Quadrupole (triaxial) deformations are considered. Theoretical as well as practical aspects of the method are reviewed in this paper. A complete fortran program illustrates the feasibility of the method.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, fortran code, readme files
Beyond backpropagation: bilevel optimization through implicit differentiation and equilibrium propagation
Creators: name: Zucchet, Nicolas
name: Sacramento, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper reviews gradient-based techniques to solve bilevel optimization problems. Bilevel optimization is a general way to frame the learning of systems that are implicitly defined through a quantity that they minimize. This characterization can be applied to neural networks, optimizers, algorithmic solvers and even physical systems, and allows for greater modeling flexibility compared to an explicit definition of such systems. Here we focus on gradient-based approaches that solve such problems. We distinguish them in two categories: those rooted in implicit differentiation, and those that leverage the equilibrium propagation theorem. We present the mathematical foundations that are behind such methods, introduce the gradient-estimation algorithms in detail and compare the competitive advantages of the different approaches.
title: The Evaluation of a Computer Model to Predict the Effects of Salinity on Crop Growth
Creators: name: Wolf, James K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: A model was developed to predict the effects of soil salinity on crop growth. The model makes three major assumptions: 1) Relative yield for a growing season is directly related to the ratio of actual and potential transpiration. 2) Water uptake by plants is in response to the water potential gradient between the plant roots and the surrounding soil. 3) The effects of the soil salinity on crop growth is solely due to the affect of osmotic potential in decreasing the water potential. Minor assumptions also included are concerned with the plant growth cover, plant root growth, and the separation of E and T from ET.
The model's ability to predict crop growth under various irrigation amounts and frequency of application, irrigation water quality, and initial soil salinity was compared with field measured results.
The model predicted reductions of crop yield as irrigation rates were decreased which agreed closely to field measurements where salinity was held constant. Increasing salinity of the irrigation water from the normal (EC=0.5 mmhos/cm) to the rate corresponding to the value estimated for the lower Colorado River in 2000 A.D. (EC=2.0 mmhos/cm), was predicted to have a very slight effect on yield for one years use. This agreed with the field measurements.
It was found that the model under predicted the effects of high initial soil salinity (simulating many years of salt buildup) on yield. These results indicated that high initial soil salinity for corn had more effect on crop growth than just the osmotic effect for the field situation studied.
title: Density and Diversity Responses of Summer Bird Populations to the Structure of Aspen and Spruce-Fir Communities on the Wasatch Plateau, Utah
Creators: name: Young, Janet Lee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: Sixteen stands representing a range of structural variation in aspen, mixed aspen-conifer, and spruce-fir communities of the Wasatch Plateau, Utah, were censused by the sample count method. The stands were classified as eleven community types based on the understory dominants or indicator species and the cover types. Fifty bird species were recorded during the two seasons; thirty-two occurred in aspen cover, forty-four in mixed aspen-conifer cover, and twenty-two in spruce-fir.
Comparisons of the composition and density of bird populations were made between uniform stands of a single life form and more structurally complex stands of either single or mixed life forms. Limiting factors in the structural characteristics of the stands were identified for birds restricted to particular stands. Low avian similarities between some aspen stands were attributed to the differences in structure between the stands. Bird species which favored the deciduous life form tended to decrease in abundance in the mixed stands as the canopy coverage of conifers increased, and they were absent in the spruce-fir stand. Coniferous forest bird species were more abundant in mixed stands with high coniferous coverage than in the aspen-dominated stands. Low individual bird numbers were found in the conifer stand of uniform small trees.
Several vegetational characteristics of the stands were evaluated to determine if any was an index of forest heterogeneity predictive of bird species diversity. The habitat features of ecological relevance to most of the bird species were the size, spacing, and life form of the trees. The diversity of the distribution of diameter measurements at breast height for the tree species was predictive of bird species diversity. High diversity in the distribution of tree measurements at breast height was correlated with variation in tree height, tree canopy diameter, and the spacing of the life forms. It was therefore an index of three dimensional environmental patchiness, easily visualized by the variation in life forms and the number of stories within the stand.
Dimensionality Reduced Training by Pruning and Freezing Parts of a Deep Neural Network, a Survey
Creators: name: Wimmer, Paul
name: Mehnert, Jens
name: Condurache, Alexandru Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: State-of-the-art deep learning models have a parameter count that reaches into the billions. Training, storing and transferring such models is energy and time consuming, thus costly. A big part of these costs is caused by training the network. Model compression lowers storage and transfer costs, and can further make training more efficient by decreasing the number of computations in the forward and/or backward pass. Thus, compressing networks also at training time while maintaining a high performance is an important research topic. This work is a survey on methods which reduce the number of trained weights in deep learning models throughout the training. Most of the introduced methods set network parameters to zero which is called pruning. The presented pruning approaches are categorized into pruning at initialization, lottery tickets and dynamic sparse training. Moreover, we discuss methods that freeze parts of a network at its random initialization. By freezing weights, the number of trainable parameters is shrunken which reduces gradient computations and the dimensionality of the model's optimization space. In this survey we first propose dimensionality reduced training as an underlying mathematical model that covers pruning and freezing during training. Afterwards, we present and discuss different dimensionality reduced training methods.
description: This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Artificial Intelligence Review (2023), and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10489-1
A Novel Type of Tetradentate Dipyridyl-Derived Bis(pyrazole) Ligands for Highly Efficient and Selective Extraction of Am3+ Over Eu3+ From HNO3 Solution
Creators: name: Song, Lianjun
name: Wang, Xueyu
name: Li, Long
name: Wang, Zhuang
name: He, Lanlan
name: Li, Qiuju
name: Pan, Qingjiang
name: Ding, Songdong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The extraction of Am3+ and Eu3+ with 6,6’-bis(5-alkyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2,2’-bipyridine (BPzBPy, alkyl = i-Bu, n-Bu, n-Oct) from HNO3 medium and the complexation of BPzBPy with Eu3+ were investigated. By using meta-nitrobenzotrifluoride (F-3) as a diluent, iBu-BPzBPy ligand in combination with 2-bromohexanoic acid was able to extract Am3+ over Eu3+ with the nature of significantly high efficiency, relatively fast extraction kinetics, and easy stripping. Slope analysis showed the formation of a 1:2 metal/ligand extraction species. The analyses of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectrum (TRLFS) revealed that the composition of the extracted complex was [Eu(H2O)L2]A3 (L = ligand; HA = 2-bromohexanoic acid). The complexation of iBu-BPzBPy ligand with Eu3+ was an enthalpy-driven spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-decreasing process. Besides, the complex stability constants were also obtained via UV–vis spectrophotometric titration. Combining the results of solvent extraction and complexation studies, a cation exchange extraction model was also proposed.
Epitaxial growth and characterization of GeTe and GeTe/Sb2Te3 superlattices
Creators: name: Wang, Rui Ning
Publisher: name: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: MBE
subject: Phasenwechselmaterial
subject: GeTe
subject: Sb2Te3
subject: GeSbTe
subject: Chalkogenide Übergitter
subject: Röntgenstrukturanalyse
subject: RHEED
subject: Raman-Spektroskopie
subject: phase-change materials
subject: chalcogenide superlattice
subject: X-ray diffraction
subject: reflection high-energy electron diffraction
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: resonant bonding
subject: Peierls distorsion
subject: intermixing
subject: 530

description: Die epitaktische Wachstum von GeTe Dünnschichten und Sb2Te3/GeTe Übergittern durch Molekularstrahlepitaxie wird auf drei verschiedenen Silizium Oberflächen gezeigt: Si(111)−(7×7), Si(111)−(√3×√3)R30°−Sb, und Si(111)−(1×1)−H. Mit Röntgenstrukturanalyse wird bewiesen, dass die epitaktische Beziehung der GeTe Schicht von der Oberflächepassievierung abhängig ist; auf einer passivierten Fläche können verdrehte Domänen unterdrückt sein. Dieses Verhalten ähnelt dem, welches bei 2D Materialien zu erwarten wäre, und wird auf die Schwäche der Resonanten ungebundenen Zustände zurückgeführt, die durch Peierls Verzerrung noch schwächer werden.
description: The growth by molecular beam epitaxy of GeTe and Sb2Te3/GeTe superlattices on three differently reconstructed Si(111) surfaces is demonstrated. Namely, these are the Si(111)−(7×7), Si(111)−(√3×√3)R30°−Sb, and Si(111)−(1×1)−H reconstructions. Through X-ray diffraction, the epitaxial relationship of GeTe is shown to depend on the passivation of the surface; in-plane twisted and twinned domains could be suppressed on a passivated surface. This behavior which resembles what would be expected from lamellar materials, is attributed to the relative weakness of resonant dangling bonds, that are further weakened by Peierls distortion.
The Origin of the Light Distribution in Spiral Galaxies
Creators: name: Sanchez-Blazquez, Patricia
name: Courty, Stephanie
name: Gibson, Brad
name: Brook, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a high-resolution, fully cosmological, hydrodynamical disc galaxy simulation, to study the source of the double-exponential light profiles seen in many stellar discs, and the effects of stellar radial migration upon the spatio-temporal evolution of both the disc age and metallicity distributions. We find a "break" in the pure exponential stellar surface brightness profile, and trace its origin to a sharp decrease in the star formation per unit surface area, itself produced by a decrease in the gas volume density due to a warping of the gas disc. Star formation in the disc continues well beyond the break. We find that the break is more pronounced in bluer wavebands. By contrast, we find little or no break in the mass density profile. This is, in part, due to the net radial migration of stars towards the external parts of the disc. Beyond the break radius, we find that ~60% of the resident stars migrated from the inner disc, while ~25% formed in situ. Our simulated galaxy also has a minimum in the age profile at the break radius but, in disagreement with some previous studies, migration is not the main mechanism producing this shape. In our simulation, the disc metallicity gradient flattens with time, consistent with an "inside-out" formation scenario. We do not find any difference in the intensity or the position of the break with inclination, suggesting that perhaps the differences found in empirical studies are driven by dust extinction.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Behavior of tachyon in string cosmology based on gauged WZW model
Creators: name: Lee, Sunggeun
name: Nam, Soonkeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a string theoretic cosmological model in the context of the gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten model. Our model is based on a product of non-compact coset space and a spectator flat space; $[SL(2,R)/U(1)]_k \times {\bf R}^2$. We extend the formerly studied semiclassical consideration with infinite Kac-Moody level $k$ to a finite one. In this case, the tachyon field appears in the effective action, and we solve the Einstein equation to determine the behavior of tachyon as a function of time. We find that tachyon field dominates over dilaton field in early times. In particular, we consider the energy conditions of the matter fields consisting of the dilaton and the tachyon which affect the initial singularity. We find that not only the strong energy but also the null energy condition is violated.
description: 10 figures
Figurations of Displacement in and beyond Jordan - Empirical findings and reflections on protracted displacement and translocal connections of Syrian refugees
Creators: name: Tobin, Sarah
name: Knudsen, Are John
name: Momani, Fawwaz Ayoub
name: Al-Yakoub, Tamara
name: Al-Jarrah, Rasheed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: protracted displacement
Syrian refugees
connectivity
mobility
refugee-host relations
local integration
agency
self-reliance
networks
Jordan
Syria

description: This working paper is based on the empirical research on translocal figurations of displacement of Syrians in Jordan. It contains methodological discussions, central findings and reflections on these findings. Drawing on the conceptual framework of the TRAFIG project, this paper explores the central research question of TRAFIG, namely “how are protractedness, dependency, and vulnerability related to the factors of local and translocal connectivity and mobility, and in turn, how can connectivity and mobility be utilized to enhance the self-reliance and strengthen the resilience of displaced people?” The paper presents findings from Jordan, where Syrian refugees have sought refuge in host communities. Syrian refugees’ stay in Jordan has become increasingly protracted, with the durable solutions of return in safety and dignity, local integration and resettlement remaining out of reach for most. In this paper, we argue that Syrians are de facto integrated in Jordanian host communities due to shared language, religion and socio-cultural ties as a pragmatic strategy for dealing with uncertainty and protracted displacement. We found that family- and kin networks have proven vital in facilitating and protecting mobility out of Syria and within Jordan, even as these networks are strained due to physical and geographic distance, reliant upon aid and financial support and socio-economic stress in the local labour market. We see that Syrians experience uncertain futures in which their mobility aspirations are unrealised, economic prospects are reliant upon and highly competitive with others, and connectivity with the host community is strained and can be improved.
description: TRAFIG Working Paper No. 6
Matter Lagrangians Coupled with Connections
Creators: name: Fatibene, L.
name: Francaviglia, M.
name: Mercadante, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We shall here consider extended theories of gravitation in the metric-affine formalism with matter coupled directly to the connection. A sufficiently general procedure will be exhibited to solve the resulting field equation associated to the connection. As special cases one has the no-coupling case (which is standard in f(R) literature) as well as the cases already analyzed in ref.[1].
description: Refs added
title: A History of John W. Young's Utah Railroads, 1884-1894
Creators: name: Adkins, Marlowe C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1978

description: The purpose of this paper is to recount how, under the entrepreneural guidance of John Willard Young, three narrow gauge, shortline railroads were established in and near Salt Lake City, Utah between 1884 and 1894. Once justification for these projects was ascertained, the problems created by local and national politics, construction, and financing were met in a satisfactory manner. The results were two operating railroads and roadbed established for a third line. Operations continued under the control of John W. Young until the depression of 1893 when these railroads went into receivership.