Salmoneus hispaniolensis Anker 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Anker, Arthur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Alpheidae
Salmoneus
Salmoneus hispaniolensis

description: Salmoneus hispaniolensis sp. nov.   
(Figs. 1–2)  
 Type material. Holotype: breeding female (cl 3.3 mm, tl 10.5 mm), USNM 1124214, Dominican Republic, Boca Chica, sandy lagoon with artificial barrier in front of hotel, under rock on fine sand, some seagrass and rubble, near mangrove stands, 1 m depth, leg. A. Anker, 5–6.I.2005 [fcn 05-106].   
 Description. Carapace glabrous, with barely visible setae. Rostrum triangular in dorsal view, distinctly longer than broad at base, reaching past distal margin of first segment of antennular peduncle, tip acute (Fig. 1a); lateral margins straight to slightly concave; ventral margin armed with small blunt subapical tooth (Fig. 1b); rostral carina indistinct. Orbital teeth relatively small, acute (Figs. 1a–b). Pterygostomial margin not protruding anteriorly, rounded (Fig. 1b). Eyes mostly exposed in dorsal and lateral views (Figs. 1a–b); cornea somewhat reduced; anteromesial margin of eyestalk with blunt dorsal projection (Fig. 1b).   
Antennule with stylocerite reaching half-length of second peduncular segment, with acute tip; ventromesial carina of first segment with small sharp tooth (Fig. 1c); second segment not elongate, as long as wide (Fig. 1a); lateral flagellum bifurcating at third segment, secondary ramus well developed, with several groups of aesthetascs (Fig. 1b, d). Antenna with basicerite bearing acute distoventral tooth (Fig. 1b); scaphocerite broadly ovate, with acute distolateral tooth and broadly rounded blade, latter with convex anterior margin (Fig. 1a); carpocerite short, not reaching mid-length of scaphocerite.  
Third maxilliped with blunt lateral plate (Fig. 1g); ultimate segment tapering, tip apparently without spines (Fig. 1f).  
Chelipeds strongly asymmetrical in shape, very unequal in size (Figs. 2a, d). Major cheliped (Figs. 2a–c) with ischium bearing one spine proximally on ventrolateral margin; merus not inflated, shallowly depressed ventrally; carpus elongate, vase-shaped; chela slender, with fingers slightly longer than palm; palm smooth, without distinct grooves or other sculpture; fingers slender, straight except for curved crossing tips, cutting edges serrated, with at least 15 rounded teeth (Fig. 2c) [distal part of pollex broken off in holotype]. Minor cheliped (Figs. 2d–e) with ischium shorter than merus, armed with two spines on ventrolateral surface; carpus half as long as merus, vase-shaped, widening distally; chela simple, smooth, with fingers shorter than palm, cutting edges unarmed (Fig. 2e).  
Second pereiopod (Fig. 2f) slender; ischium bearing three spines on ventrolateral surface; merus as long as ischium; carpus five-segmented, first segment being approximately equal to sum of remaining four segments. Third pereiopod (Fig. 2g) slender; ischium bearing two ventrolateral spines; merus about seveneight times as long as wide; carpus with distoventral seta; propodus with three small ventral spinules and pair of longer and stouter distal spinules; dactylus simple, conical, moderately slender, slightly more than half of propodus length. Fourth pereiopod similar to third. Fifth pereiopod with ischium unarmed; propodus with setal brush distally.  
First to fourth pleura rounded; fourth pleuron angular; fifth pleuron subacute posteroventrally (Fig. 1i); sixth pleurite without articulated plate, subacute posteroventrally; preanal plate triangular with rounded apex (Fig. 1j). Telson (Fig. 1l) about 2.5 times as long as proximal width, tapering posteriorly, with two pairs of dorsal spines situated both in posterior half of telson; posterior margin straight, with two pairs of thick plumose setae in central portion, fringed by two pairs of stout spines, lateral being somewhat shorter than mesial.  
Second pleopod with appendix masculina slightly shorter than appendix interna, furnished with stout setae apically (Fig. 1h). Uropod (Fig. 1k) with narrow exopod and endopod; diaeresis sinuous; distolateral tooth very small, adjacent distolateral spine fairly stout.  
Gill/exopod formula typical for genus: 5 pleurobranchs (above base of P1–5), 0 podobranchs, 1 arthrobranch (Mxp3), 5 mastigobranchs (Mxp3, P1–4), 5 setobranchs (P1–5), 2 lobe-shaped epipods (Mxp1– 2), 3 exopods (Mxp1–3).  
 Size. cl 3.3 mm, tl 10.5 mm.   
 Colour in life. Semitransparent whitish, with slight pale tinge; embryos yellowish (description based on field observation and photographs).   
 Etymology. Named after the island of the type locality, Hispaniola.   
 Type locality. Boca Chica, Dominican Republic.   
 Distribution. Presently known only from the south coast of the Dominican Republic.   
 Ecology. Sandy lagoon with fine sand, sparse seagrass, rubble, near mangrove stands; the holotype specimen was found under rock/rubble piece at a depth of 1 m.   
 Remarks. Salmoneus hispaniolensis sp. nov. clearly belongs to the S. gracilipes species group and is distantly related to S. cavicolus from Florida, from which it can be distinguished by the shorter antennular peduncles (this is especially conspicuous in the length/width ratio of the second segment), the distinctly shorter rostrum and more exposed eyestalks, the presence of two strong spines on the ischium of the minor cheliped, and the proportions of the major chela (compare Figs. 1–2 and Felder & Manning 1986: figs. 4a–i, 6a–f). All other described species of the S. gracilipes group are in the Indo-West Pacific and differ from S. hispaniolensis in various features, e.g. S. colinorum De Grave, 2004 from Palau in the absence of spines on the ischia of the minor and major cheliped (see De Grave 2004); S. gracilipes from Japan and other Indo-West Pacific localities in the much longer stylocerite, the absence of a subapical tooth on the ventral margin of the rostrum, and the posterior margin of the telson bearing a deep median notch (see Miya 1972); S. alpheophilus Anker & Marin, 2006 from Vietnam in the presence of a distinct notch on the posterior margin of the telson and a small post-rostral tubercle on the carapace; S. falcidactylus Anker & Marin, 2006 in the absence of spines on the ischia of the minor and major chelipeds and the extremely slender dactyli on the third to fifth pereiopods; and finally, S. pusillus Anker & Marin, 2006 in the better developed corneas, longer orbital teeth and distinctly shorter cheliped carpus (see Anker & Marin 2006).
description: Published as part of Anker, Arthur, 2010, The shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) in the tropical western Atlantic, with description of five new species *, pp. 177-205 in Zootaxa 2372 (1) on pages 178-181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.18, http://zenodo.org/record/5306815