cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo difference schemes for the wave equation
Creators: name: Ermakov, Sergej M.
name: Wagner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Monte Carlo algorithm
subject: stability
subject: difference scheme
subject: wave equation.
subject: 65C05

description: The paper is concerned with Monte Carlo algorithms for iteration processes. A recurrent procedure is introduced, where information on various iteration levels is stored. Stability in the sense of boundedness of the correlation matrix of the component estimators is studied. The theory is applied to difference schemes for the wave equation. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.
Niche partitioning of a pathogenic microbiome driven by chemical gradients
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacterial Infections
Chemotaxis
Cystic Fibrosis
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Humans
Lung
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Microbiota
Models, Theoretical
Sputum
Transcriptome
Virulence Factors

description: © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved. Environmental microbial communities are stratified by chemical gradients that shape the structure and function of these systems. Similar chemical gradients exist in the human body, but how they influence these microbial systems is more poorly understood. Understanding these effects can be particularly important for dysbiotic shifts in microbiome structure that are often associated with disease. We show that pH and oxygen strongly partition the microbial community from a diseased human lung into two mutually exclusive communities of pathogens and anaerobes. Antimicrobial treatment disrupted this chemical partitioning, causing complex death, survival, and resistance outcomes that were highly dependent on the individual microorganism and on community stratification. These effects were mathematically modeled, enabling a predictive understanding of this complex polymicrobial system. Harnessing the power of these chemical gradients could be a drug-free method of shaping microbial communities in the human body from undesirable dysbiotic states.
Global existence of a solution to a phase field model for supercooling
Creators: name: Colli, Pierluigi
name: Frémond, Michel
name: Klein, Olaf
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Phase field system
subject: Supercooling
subject: Stefan problem
subject: Global existence result
subject: 80A22
subject: 35K60
subject: 35R35
subject: 47H15

description: In this work, we will derive a macroscopic model of phase field type for supercooling. The phase transition process is described by the evolution of the temperature and the volume fraction of the liquid phase. This phase field model can also be interpreted as the approximation of some generalized Stefan problem. We will prove the existence of solutions to an initial--boundary value problem for the resulting system by using a time discrete scheme.
Existence of approximate Hermitian-Einstein structures on semistable principal bundles
Creators: name: Biswas, Indranil
name: Jacob, Adam
name: Stemmler, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C07, 32L05

description: Let E_G be a principal G-bundle over a compact connected Kähler manifold, where G is a connected reductive complex linear algebraic group. We show that E_G is semistable if and only if it admits approximate Hermitian-Einstein structures.
description: 7 pages, Bulletin des Sciences Math\'ematiques (to appear)
title: Framing growth: Exploring the transformative power of photography for students
Creators: name: Göttert, Thomas
name: Currie, Bianca
name: Backa, Valentin
name: Feldenz, Laura
name: Klaver, Michael
name: Markides, Yasmin
name: Munting, Enya
name: Rolfes, Oliver
Publisher: name: Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde
Year: 2023

description: This discussion paper aims to shed light on the benefits and value of photography from a student perspective. The starting point and central element of this paper are reflections from selected students representing the field of environmental sciences . Students contribute as co authors of this paper. The student co authors were asked by the lead authors to share their experiences with photography. The lead authors analysed these reflections using a grounded theory approach. On this basis, we were able to identify four key areas that are of particular importance: 1) learning, 2) skills development, 3) communication, and 4) personal development. In addition we considered the limitations and challenges in the use of photography for students, ethical aspects to be considered when using photography in the context of science and education and student advice for educators. The lead authors’ interpretation and enrichment of the student reflections led to interesting trains of thought, which are brought to light in our discussion . Our paper highlights the importance of viewing the subject of photography from diverse perspectives. By doing so, various insight and outlier perspectives emerged that were not expected. The student experiences underline the importance of the close connection between learning and emotional recall. In particular, the topic of personal development and the aspect of joy and fun in the context of photography were highlighted. It also became clear that the students' point of view emphasized the process of taking photographs and sometimes even value this process more than t he end result the actual photo. Finally, we also addressed our ethnic, cultural, and disciplinary bias and mentioned the digital divide. To sum up, the integration of technology and active participation through photography not only enriches education but also empowers students with invaluable skills that extend beyond the classroom, the lab or the field. By immersing students in visual and experiential learning, this paper advocates for a holistic approach that fosters deeper comprehension, heightened cur iosity, and lifelong learning Key words:
description: Diskussionspapier-Reihe Nachhaltigkeitstransformation & Nachhaltigkeitstransfer; 11
Rare but numerous serious complications of acute otitis media in an Infant
Creators: name: Razali, Farid
name: Siti Nurfarhana Mohd Arif
name: Marliana Murthada
name: Peng, Samuel Che
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: acute
otitis media
serious complications
media in an infant
infant

description: Introduction In children, acute otitis media is a common disease. Most of them recover with symptomatic treatment and antibiotic. With the introduction of antibiotics and improvement in the general care of children, complications of acute otitis media are rare. But when a child did not responded to a standard treatment, a through reexamination is warranted to detect if any complications raised. Here, we present a 6 months old baby presented with intracranial complications of acute otitis media. Case Report A 6 months old baby presented with 6 days history of fever with vomiting loose stools, irritability and became less active. Initially he was treated by paediatric team of suspected meningitis. Physical examination revealed a bulging inflamed right tympanic membrane with air fluid level. No mastoid tenderness or swelling with an intact facial nerve. Computer tomography (CT) scan showed large frontotemperoparietal extradural empyema causing mass effect and midline shift with mastoiditis and erosion of tegmen tympani. He was started on intravenous Ceftriaxone and underwent emergency parietal craniotomy, subdural empyema drainage and cortical mastoidectomy. Repeated CT scan showed significantly smaller right frontotemporoparietal subdural collection with improving mass effect and midline shift. Pus culture and sensitivity (C&S) grew E coli. The baby responded well to the antibiotic treatment and subsequent follow up showed resolution of the disease. Conclusion Acute otitis media is a common disease affecting children. Serious complications are rare. Those who are not responding to a conventional treatment need through examinations to avoid unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Teamwork approach including pediatrician, ENT and Neurosurgeon is important in managing such a case. [Disclaimer: Abstract text might vary slightly from what is displayed in the e-poster]
description: This poster was submitted to the 14th National Conference for Clinical Research (NCCR) in August 18-20, 2021. https://nccrconference.com.my/
Frankl-Füredi-Kalai Inequalities on the $γ$-vectors of flag nestohedra
Creators: name: Aisbett, Natalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any flag nestohedron, we define a flag simplicial complex whose $f$-vector is the $γ$-vector of the nestohedron. This proves that the $γ$-vector of any flag nestohedron satisfies the Frankl-Füredi-Kalai inequalities, partially solving a conjecture by Nevo and Petersen \cite{np}. We also compare these complexes to those defined by Nevo and Petersen in \cite{np} for particular flag nestohedra.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
High-frequency longitudinal oscillations of quasi-two-dimensional electron liquid
Creators: name: Gokhfeld, V. M.
name: Kirichenko, O. V.
name: Peschansky, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The specific character of longitudinal collective electromagnetic oscillations in a layered conductor with the quasi-two-dimensional electron energy spectrum has been analyzed.
description: 7 pages
Low- pT e+e- Pair Production in Au +Au Collisions at sNN =200 GeV and U + U Collisions at sNN =193 GeV at STAR
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: STAR Collaboration

description: ©) between 40 and 60 MeV/c. The absolute cross section of the excess depends weakly on centrality, while those from a theoretical model calculation incorporating an in-medium broadened ρ spectral function and radiation from a quark gluon plasma or hadronic cocktail contributions increase dramatically with an increasing number of participant nucleons. Model calculations of photon-photon interactions generated by the initial projectile and target nuclei describe the observed excess yields but fail to reproduce the pT2 distributions. © 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the »https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/» Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP 3 . We report first measurements of e+e- pair production in the mass region 0.4
Deliverable 6.7 Events 3. Deliverable report of project H2020 NEWSERA (grant agreement No 873125)
Creators: name: Violato, Anna
name: Lazzarato, Lisa
name: Magalhães, Joana
name: Pelacho, Maite
name: Arias, Rosa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: events; newsera; citscicomm

description: NEWSERA is analysing science communication strategies addressed to quadruple helix stakeholders in citizen science projects across Europe. The overall aim of NEWSERA is to demonstrate the virtues of citizen science (CS) as an inclusive, broad and powerful science communication mechanism that can allow to increase trust in science communication and, in turn, in science at large, while opening up science and innovation to society, raising awareness and educating in science, and reducing the chances of incurring in fake news by promoting critical thinking. This document presents the events attended and planned by the NEWSERA Consortium to promote, disseminate and actively engage the project with different audiences during its second and third years of activity (until M39).
Methadone Substitution Therapy among Opioid Dependents: A Unicentric Experience
Creators: name: Karniza, KHALID
name: Tsye, OOI Yit
name: ABDUL RASHID Qutbuddin
name: MOHAMMAD YUSOFF Muhammad Zul Azri
name: JAMALUDDIN Ruzita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Methadone
Substitution
Therapy
Unicentric

description: Introduction Methadone substitution therapy aimed to improve the health and social performance of opioid-dependents. In view of the local scarcity of data with regards to the program effectiveness, we aimed to remedy this. Methodology This cross-sectional study involved data transcription from clinical records of active opioid dependents undergoing methadone substitution therapy for the year 2021 in Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis. Data collected include demographic variables, history of illicit drug use, trend in temporal modulation of methadone dosage, and co-use of illicit drugs. Results There were a total of 87 patients, all were male with the mean age of 43.9±8.33 years old. Majority had been diagnosed with Hepatitis C (n=54, 62.1%). Heroin was the most commonly abused substance prior to program enrolment (n=77, 88.5%), followed by kratom (n=45, 51.7%). For the past three years, majority of our patients had continued illicit drug use during the program (n=51, 58.6%) with the urine spot test in 2019 yielded the highest recorded positive tests (n=32, 36.8%). Methamphetamine and amphetamine co-use were the commonest (n=12, 37.5%). Hepatitis C status was neither associated with the current methadone dose, U=539.5, p=0.186, nor the highest dose required, t=-0.291, df=74, p=0.772. We did not identify any predictive factors to successful drug abstinence during methadone substitution program. There was also a poor correlation between methadone dose and retention rates, r=0.22, p=0.042. Discussion / Conclusion Studies looking into potential factors that influence treatment retention and opioid abstinence during methadone substitution program is needed to optimize national cost for healthcare. [Disclaimer: Abstract text might vary slightly from what is displayed in the e-poster]
description: This poster was submitted to the 14th National Conference for Clinical Research (NCCR) in August 18-20, 2021. https://nccrconference.com.my/
title: Natural Products as Kinase Inhibitors: Total Synthesis, in Vitro Kinase Activity, in Vivo Toxicology in Zebrafish Embryos and in Silico Docking
Creators: name: Kenfack Sipoho, Annicet
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: Despite significant progress in developing small molecule kinase inhibitors, most human kinases still lack high-quality selective inhibitors that might be employed as chemical probes to study their biological function and pharmacology. Natural products (NPs) and their synthetic derivates might give avenues to overcome this frequently encountered challenge as they demonstrated to target a wide range of kinases, including all subfamilies of the known kinome. Nonetheless, isolating these NPs from their sources necessitates massive harvesting, which is fraught with difficulties and triggers enormous harm to the ecology. Moreover, the challenges encountered while extracting these NPs from their sources are constantly present and have few viable solutions. Considering these aspects, total synthesis and semisynthesis have been employed to replicate the most intriguing compounds of living nature in laboratories to obtain larger quantities for extended studies. The present work outlined the attempts to perform the first total syntheses and to evaluate the biological activity of naturally occurring potent anti-cancer compounds: Depsipeptide PM181110, Eudistomidin C, and Fusarithioamide A. Efforts to achieve the first total syntheses of these natural compounds have been based on highly convergent and unified approaches. Depsipeptide PM181110 is a bicyclic depsipeptide featuring four stereogenic centres whose attempts to perform its first total synthesis were undertaken by synthesizing its diastereomers 3R,9R,14R,17R, and 3R,9S,14R,17R. Similarly, for Eudistomidin C and Fusarithioamide A having known stereochemistry, the attempts to perform their syntheses were made starting from enantiomerically pure reagents. The synthesized compounds BSc5484, BSc5517 and the analogues were subjected to biological activity tests afterwards. Accordingly, a kinase inhibitory activity test was performed, followed by an in vivo toxicology assay in wild-type and gold-type zebrafish embryos Danio rerio. As a result, the assayed compounds displayed moderate to good inhibition of the kinases with an apparent selectivity profile and toxicity in zebrafish embryos illustrated by the observed phenotypes. Finally, an in silico experiment revealed that BSc5484 and BSc5485 might bind as type IV inhibitors, while BSc5517 demonstrated a better binding affinity to human Haspin kinase compared to the known b-carboline inhibitor Harmine across the panel of the tested kinases. This work thus provides the first directed tools about the potential of naturally derived compounds as inhibitors of disease-causing proteins that are key players in numerous forms of cancer and other illnesses. Consequently, establishing depsipeptide and b-carboline-based compounds as therapeutic leads is crucial and will provide a powerful tool to further elucidate their biological function through targeted structural variations.
A Search for Interstellar Carbon Chain Alcohol HC4OH in Star-Forming Region L1527 and Dark Cloud TMC-1
Creators: name: Araki, Mitsunori
name: Takano, Shuro
name: Yamabe, Hiromichi
name: Koshikawa, Naohiro
name: Tsukiyama, Koichi
name: Nakane, Aya
name: Okabayashi, Toshiaki
name: Kunimatsu, Arisa
name: Kuze, Nobuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a sensitive search for the rotational transitions of the carbon chain alcohol HC4OH in the frequency range of 21.2-46.7 GHz in the star-forming region L1527 and the dark cloud TMC-1. The motivation was laboratory detection of HC4OH by microwave spectroscopy. Despite achieving rms noise levels of several millikelvin in the antenna temperature using the 45 m telescope at Nobeyama Radio Observatory, the detection was not successful, leading to 3 sigma upper limits corresponding to the column densities of 2.0 \times 1012 and 5.6 \times 1012 cm-2 in L1527 and TMC-1, respectively. These upper limits indicate that [HC4OH]/[HC5N] ratios are less than 0.3 and 0.1 in L1527 and TMC-1, respectively, where HC5N is an HC4-chain cyanide and HC4OH is a hydroxide. These ratios suggest that the cyano carbon chain molecule dominates the hydroxyl carbon chain molecule in L1527 and TMC-1. This is contrary to the case of saturated compounds in hot cores, e.g., CH3OH and CH3CN, and can be a chemical feature of carbon chain molecules in L1527 and TMC-1. In addition, the column densities of the "unsubstituted" carbon chain molecule C4H and the sulfur-bearing molecules SO and HCS+ were determined from detected lines in L1527.
description: Astrophysical Journal, in press
Parallel numerical methods for large-scale DAE systems
Creators: name: Borchardt, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Systems of differential-algebraic equations
subject: Block partitioned systems
subject: Newton-type methods
subject: Parallelization
subject: Chemical process simulation
subject: Dynamic simulation of distillation plants
subject: 65Y05
subject: 80A30
subject: 65L05
subject: 65H10
subject: 65F50

description: For plantwide dynamic simulation in chemical process industry, parallel numerical methods using a divide and conquer strategy are considered. An approach for the numerical solution of initial value problems for large systems of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) arising from industrial applications and its realization on parallel computers with shared memory is discussed. The system is partitioned into blocks and then it is extended appropriately, such that block-structured Newton-type methods can be applied which enable the application of relaxation techniques. This approach has gained considerable speedup factors for the dynamic simulation of various large-scale distillation plants, covering systems with up to 60 000 equations.
A sample-paths approach to noise-induced synchronization: Stochastic resonance in a double-well potential
Creators: name: Berglund, Nils
name: Gentz, Barbara
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Stochastic resonance
subject: noise-induced synchronization
subject: double-well potential
subject: additive noise
subject: random dynamical systems
subject: non-autonomous stochastic differential equations
subject: singular perturbations
subject: pathwise description
subject: concentration of measure
subject: 37H99
subject: 60H10
subject: 34F05
subject: 34E15

description: Additive white noise may significantly increase the response of bistable systems to a periodic driving signal. We consider two classes of double-well potentials, symmetric and asymmetric, modulated periodically in time with period 1/ε where ε is a moderately (not exponentially) small parameter. We show that the response of the system changes drastically when the noise intensity σ crosses a threshold value. Below the threshold, paths are concentrated near one potential well, and have an exponentially small probability to jump to the other well. Above the threshold, transitions between the wells occur with probability exponentially close to 1/2 in the symmetric case, and exponentially close to 1 in the asymmetric case. The transition zones are localised in time near the points of minimal barrier height. We give a mathematically rigorous description of the behaviour of individual paths, which allows us, in particular, to determine the power-law dependence of the critical noise intensity on ε and on the minimal barrier height, as well as the asymptotics of the transition and non-transition probabilities.
Sistema de tipificación de recursos vocales en el flamenco. Práctica de seis ornamentos, efectos, ataques y vibratos.
Creators: name: Manzano, Alba Guerrero
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: cante flamenco, singing, education, interdisciplinary, vocal technique, innovation, ornamentation, effects, vibrato, vocal resources

description: Extracto

El trabajo presenta una tipificación innovadora de los recursos vocales más habituales en el cante flamenco clasificados en cuatro grupos: adornos (ornamentos), efectos, ataques y vibratos. Se describen seis de estos recursos y se ejemplifican en un contexto musical mediante el análisis acústico de archivos sonoros y sus transcripciones. El estudio presenta un enfoque interdisciplinar que integra los ámbitos de la técnica vocal, la acústica y el procesado de sonido y voz, a la vez que propone una serie ejercicios en video para la práctica de recursos habituales en el cante.

Abstract

The work presents an innovative typification of the most common vocal resources (recursos vocales) in flamenco singing classified into four groups: ornaments, effects, attacks and vibratos. Six of these resources are described and exemplified in a musical context by the acoustic analysis of sound files and their transcriptions. The study presents an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the fields of vocal technique, acoustics and the processing of sound and voice, while proposing a series of exercises in video for the practice of habitual resources in cante.
Guide of science communication in citizen science projects and citizen science journalism (Deliverable 5.3)
Creators: name: Magalhães, Joana
name: Matozinhos, Karinna
name: Navalhas, Inês
name: Luís, Cristina
name: Pelacho, Maite
name: Leguina, Leire
name: Elorza, Ana
name: Lacunza, Izaskun
name: Tola, Elisabetta
name: Arias, Rosa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: science communication; citizen science; misinformation

description: NEWSERA's main goal was to analyse and evaluate the complexities of science communication in citizen science (CS). The project was devised around the citizen science communication (#CitSciComm) Labs, a collaborative and participatory space where 39 enrolled CS projects, the NEWSERA Pilots, came together with invited stakeholders from the quadruple helix (4H) model (citizens and society at large, academic scientists, policymakers and industry and SMEs), and science and data journalists as well as other science communication professionals. CitSciComm Labs offered the opportunity to cover capacity building and training gaps detected, such as those related to cross-cutting and emerging issues that affect science communication in and from CS projects, but also scientific projects in general: participatory and co-design methodologies, impact assessment, ethics and the spread of misinformation, communicating in social media, and, finally, visual storytelling and digital narratives techniques such as the ones covered by data journalism. From this experience we have gathered our learnings in multiple documents that we hope can inspire the broader CS and science communication communities. These include five blueprints with and for each of the quadruple helix stakeholders and science and data journalists, policy briefs and finally this guide of science communication in CS projects and citizen science journalism.
On sharp heat and subordinated kernel estimates in the Fourier-Bessel setting
Creators: name: Nowak, Adam
name: Roncal, Luz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C10 (Primary), 35K08 (Secondary)

description: We prove qualitatively sharp heat kernel bounds in the setting of Fourier-Bessel expansions when the associated type parameter $ν$ is half-integer. Moreover, still for half-integer $ν$, we also obtain sharp estimates of all kernels subordinated to the heat kernel. Analogous estimates for general $ν> -1$ are conjectured. Some consequences concerning the related heat semigroup maximal operator are discussed.
description: 12 pages
Gene expression signatures can aid diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection-induced endometritis in women
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: biomarker
mRNA
Chlamydia
gonorrhea
pelvic inflammatory disease

description: © 2007 - 2018 Frontiers Media S.A. All Rights Reserved. Sexually transmitted infection (STI) of the upper reproductive tract can result in inflammation and infertility. A biomarker of STI-induced upper tract inflammation would be significant as many women are asymptomatic and delayed treatment increases risk of sequelae. Blood mRNA from 111 women from three cohorts was profiled using microarray. Unsupervised analysis revealed a transcriptional profile that distinguished 9 cases of STI-induced endometritis from 18 with cervical STI or uninfected controls. Using a hybrid feature selection algorithm we identified 21 genes that yielded maximal classification accuracy within our training dataset. Predictive accuracy was evaluated using an independent testing dataset of 5 cases and 10 controls. Sensitivity was evaluated in a separate test set of 12 women with asymptomatic STI-induced endometritis in whom cervical burden was determined by PCR; and specificity in an additional test set of 15 uninfected women with pelvic pain due to unknown cause. Disease module preservation was assessed in 42 women with a clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). We also tested the ability of the biomarker to discriminate STI-induced endometritis from other diseases. The biomarker was 86.7% (13/15) accurate in correctly distinguishing cases from controls in the testing dataset. Sensitivity was 83.3% (5/6) in women with high cervical Chlamydia trachomatis burden and asymptomatic endometritis, but 0% (0/6) in women with low burden. Specificity in patients with non-STI-induced pelvic pain was 86.7% (13/15). Disease modules were preserved in all 8 biomarker predicted cases. The 21-gene biomarker was highly discriminatory for systemic infections, lupus, and appendicitis, but wrongly predicted tuberculosis as STI-induced endometritis in 52.4%. A 21-gene biomarker can identify asymptomatic women with STI-induced endometritis that places them at risk for chronic disease development and discriminate STI-induced endometritis from non-STI pelvic pain and other diseases.
BFKL Pomeron calculus: nucleus-nucleus scattering
Creators: name: Contreras, Carlos
name: Levin, Eugene
name: Miller, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the action of the BFKL Pomeron calculus is re-written in momentum representation, and the equations of motion for nucleus-nucleus collisions are derived, in this representation. We found the semi-classical solutions to these equations, outside of the saturation domain. Inside this domain these equations reduce to the set of delay differential equations, and their asymptotic solutions are derived.
description: 22pp. 9 figures imn .eps files
Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark-Matter-Electron Scattering from the DarkSide-50 Experiment
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: DarkSide Collaboration

description: © 2018 American Physical Society. We present new constraints on sub-GeV dark-matter particles scattering off electrons based on 6780.0 kg d of data collected with the DarkSide-50 dual-phase argon time projection chamber. This analysis uses electroluminescence signals due to ionized electrons extracted from the liquid argon target. The detector has a very high trigger probability for these signals, allowing for an analysis threshold of three extracted electrons, or approximately 0.05 keVee. We calculate the expected recoil spectra for dark matter-electron scattering in argon and, under the assumption of momentum-independent scattering, improve upon existing limits from XENON10 for dark-matter particles with masses between 30 and 100 MeV/c2.
Bladder tissue distribution of paclitaxel and docetaxel from polymeric nanoparticles
Creators: name: Tsallas, Antonia Theodora
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Taxane based drugs are commonly used second-line adjuvant therapies for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. However, the effectiveness of these drugs following intravesical instillation is limited, because of a short drug residence time and poor drug penetration into the bladder wall. The goals of this project were to use PTX and DTX loaded nanoparticulate formulations and investigate their bladder mucosal permeability and distribution characteristics in ex vivo isolated porcine bladders. PTX and DTX were loaded into nanoparticles of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactic acid) (MePEG-PDLLA), methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(caprolactone) (MePEG-PCL) and hydrophobically derivatized hyperbranched polyglycerol, HPG-C10-MePEG. In vitro drug release profiles of PTX and DTX loaded MePEG-PDLLA micelles (approx. 20 nm in size) demonstrated controlled and complete release of the drugs over 7 days. The penetration and distribution characteristics of PTX and DTX from nanoparticulate formulations (spiked with tritium labelled drugs) into freshly excised porcine bladder tissue were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. Nanoparticle dispersions were instilled onto bladder tissue for 2 h. The tissues were frozen, sectioned and drugs quantified using liquid scintillation counting. The drug tissue levels were highest in the urothelium and then decreased exponentially with increasing tissue depth. Micellar formulations of MePEG-PDLLA showed higher bladder tissue uptake levels of PTX and DTX compared to control commercial formulations. Drug uptake levels did not differ significantly between concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/mL. However, DTX was present in bladder tissue at significantly higher concentrations than PTX. Micellar formulations of MePEG-PDLLA showed higher bladder tissue uptake levels of PTX compared to both MePEG-PCL copolymer formulations. The rapid and high levels of PTX and DTX penetration observed in bladder tissue using the MePEG-PDLLA micellar formulation of these drugs was likely due to the use of high concentrations of the drugs with these polymeric micelles, greater free drug released from the MePEG-PDLLA micelles and the ability to increase the contact of the formulation at the bladder wall surface allowing for improved partitioning of the drug into the tissues.
Temporal Heterogeneities Increase the Prevalence of Epidemics on Evolving Networks
Creators: name: Rocha, Luis Enrique Correa
name: Blondel, Vincent D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Empirical studies suggest that contact patterns follow heterogeneous inter-event times, meaning that intervals of high activity are followed by periods of inactivity. Combined with birth and death of individuals, these temporal constraints affect the spread of infections in a non-trivial way and are dependent on the particular contact dynamics. We propose a stochastic model to generate temporal networks where vertices make instantaneous contacts following heterogeneous inter-event times, and leave and enter the system at fixed rates. We study how these temporal properties affect the prevalence of an infection and estimate R0, the number of secondary infections, by modeling simulated infections (SIR, SI and SIS) co-evolving with the network structure. We find that heterogeneous contact patterns cause earlier and larger epidemics on the SIR model in comparison to homogeneous scenarios. In case of SI and SIS, the epidemics is faster in the early stages (up to 90% of prevalence) followed by a slowdown in the asymptotic limit in case of heterogeneous patterns. In the presence of birth and death, heterogeneous patterns always cause higher prevalence in comparison to homogeneous scenarios with same average inter-event times. Our results suggest that R0 may be underestimated if temporal heterogeneities are not taken into account in the modeling of epidemics.
description: 5 figures + supplementary information
Mass exchange, diffusion and large deformations of poroelastic materials
Creators: name: Wilmański, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Flows in porous media
subject: micromechanics of solids
subject: interfaces in porous media
subject: 80A15
subject: 76S05
subject: 73S10
subject: 73D40
subject: 76R50

description: The paper contains a review of fundamental equations of the two component thermoporoelastic materials with the balance equation of porosity. By means of the exploitation of the second law of thermodynamics restricted to small deviations from thermodynamical equilibrium it is proven that there exists no thermodiffusional coupling of components through intrinsic parts of fluxes. Certainly such a coupling is still present due to convective contributions. Simultaneously we show that classical partial dynamical compatibility conditions on material interfaces cannot hold. For boundary conditions on permeable boundaries to hold true it must be required that global balance equations contain at least surface sources of momentum, entropy, and porosity. We show as well that the requirement of the local thermodynamical equilibrium on permeable interfaces yields the continuity of absolute temperature. It means that temperature becomes a measurable physical field in porous materials undergoing processes with small deviations from thermodynamical equilibria. This result allows to extend models of mass exchange in poroelastic materials from adsorption isothermal processes to chemical reactions, and phase transformations. Details of the latter problems are not discussed in this paper.
"Evaporation" of a flavor-mixed particle from a gravitational potential
Creators: name: Medvedev, Mikhail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a stable particle with flavor mixing, confined in a gravitational potential can gradually and irreversibly escape -- or "evaporate" -- from it. This effect is due to mass eigenstate conversions which occur in interactions (scattering) of mass states with other particles even when the energy exchange between them is vanishing. The evaporation and conversion are quantum effects not related to flavor oscillations, particle decay, quantum tunneling or other well-known processes. Apart from their profound academic interest, these effects should have tremendous implications for cosmology, e.g., (1) the cosmic neutrino background distortion is predicted and (2) the softening of central cusps in dark matter halos and smearing out or destruction of dwarf halos were suggested.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Fundamental obstacles to self-pulsations in low-intensity lasers
Creators: name: Turaev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: distributed feedback semiconductor laser
subject: singular perturbation
subject: averaging
subject: invariant manifold
subject: normal form
subject: rate equations
subject: 78A60
subject: 34E15
subject: 37D10
subject: 34C29

description: We investigate most general properties of possible laser equations in the case where optics is linear. Exploiting the presence of a natural small parameter (the ratio of the photon lifetime in the laser device to the relaxation time of the population density) we establish the existence of an exponentially attracting invariant manifold which contains all bounded orbits, and show that only a small number of electromagnetic modes is sufficient to describe accurately the dynamics of the system. We give a general form of the reduced few-mode systems. We analyze the behavior of single-mode models and a double-mode model with a single optical frequency. We show that in the case where only one electromagnetic mode is excited, the rate equations are close to integrable ones, so the dynamics in this case can be understood by analytic means (by averaging method). In particular, it is shown that a non-stationary (periodic) output is possible only in relatively small (of order of some fractional powers of the small parameter) regions in the space of parameters of the system near some specially chosen parameter constellations. Estimates on the size of these regions and on the frequency of periodic self-pulsations are given for different situations.
Configurational entropy of Wigner crystals
Creators: name: Radzvilavičius, Arūnas
name: Anisimovas, Egidijus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of classical Wigner crystals in two- and three-dimensional isotropic parabolic traps aiming at understanding and quantifying the configurational uncertainty due to the presence of multiple stable configurations. Strongly interacting systems of classical charged particles confined in traps are known to form regular structures. The number of distinct arrangements grows very rapidly with the number of particles, many of these arrangements have quite low occurrence probabilities and often the lowest-energy structure is not the most probable one. We perform numerical simulations on systems containing up to 100 particles interacting through Coulomb and Yukawa forces, and show that the total number of metastable configurations is not a well defined and representative quantity. Instead, we propose to rely on the configurational entropy as a robust and objective measure of uncertainty. The configurational entropy can be understood as the logarithm of the effective number of states; it is insensitive to the presence of overlooked low-probability states and can be reliably determined even within a limited time of a simulation or an experiment.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at 10.1088/0953-8984/23/7/075302.'
Perfect Secrecy Systems Immune to Spoofing Attacks
Creators: name: Huber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present novel perfect secrecy systems that provide immunity to spoofing attacks under equiprobable source probability distributions. On the theoretical side, relying on an existence result for $t$-designs by Teirlinck, our construction method constructively generates systems that can reach an arbitrary high level of security. On the practical side, we obtain, via cyclic difference families, very efficient constructions of new optimal systems that are onefold secure against spoofing. Moreover, we construct, by means of $t$-designs for large values of $t$, the first near-optimal systems that are 5- and 6-fold secure as well as further systems with a feasible number of keys that are 7-fold secure against spoofing. We apply our results furthermore to a recently extended authentication model, where the opponent has access to a verification oracle. We obtain this way novel perfect secrecy systems with immunity to spoofing in the verification oracle model.
description: 10 pages (double-column); to appear in "International Journal of Information Security"
Benefits and limitations of three-dimensional printing technology for ecological research
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: 3D models
Additive manufacturing
Anolis sagrei
Clay model
Curacao
Maya autodesk
Sustainability

description: BACKGROUND: Ecological research often involves sampling and manipulating non-model organisms that reside in heterogeneous environments. As such, ecologists often adapt techniques and ideas from industry and other scientific fields to design and build equipment, tools, and experimental contraptions custom-made for the ecological systems under study. Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a way to rapidly produce identical and novel objects that could be used in ecological studies, yet ecologists have been slow to adopt this new technology. Here, we provide ecologists with an introduction to 3D printing. RESULTS: First, we give an overview of the ecological research areas in which 3D printing is predicted to be the most impactful and review current studies that have already used 3D printed objects. We then outline a methodological workflow for integrating 3D printing into an ecological research program and give a detailed example of a successful implementation of our 3D printing workflow for 3D printed models of the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, for a field predation study. After testing two print media in the field, we show that the models printed from the less expensive and more sustainable material (blend of 70% plastic and 30% recycled wood fiber) were just as durable and had equal predator attack rates as the more expensive material (100% virgin plastic). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 3D printing can provide time and cost savings to ecologists, and with recent advances in less toxic, biodegradable, and recyclable print materials, ecologists can choose to minimize social and environmental impacts associated with 3D printing. The main hurdles for implementing 3D printing-availability of resources like printers, scanners, and software, as well as reaching proficiency in using 3D image software-may be easier to overcome at institutions with digital imaging centers run by knowledgeable staff. As with any new technology, the benefits of 3D printing are specific to a particular project, and ecologists must consider the investments of developing usable 3D materials for research versus other methods of generating those materials.
Smoothness and asymptotic estimates of densities for SDEs with locally smooth coefficients and applications to square root-type diffusions
Creators: name: De Marco, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study smoothness of densities for the solutions of SDEs whose coefficients are smooth and nondegenerate only on an open domain $D$. We prove that a smooth density exists on $D$ and give upper bounds for this density. Under some additional conditions (mainly dealing with the growth of the coefficients and their derivatives), we formulate upper bounds that are suitable to obtain asymptotic estimates of the density for large values of the state variable ("tail" estimates). These results specify and extend some results by Kusuoka and Stroock [J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. IA Math. 32 (1985) 1--76], but our approach is substantially different and based on a technique to estimate the Fourier transform inspired from Fournier [Electron. J. Probab. 13 (2008) 135--156] and Bally [Integration by parts formula for locally smooth laws and applications to equations with jumps I (2007) The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]. This study is motivated by existing models for financial securities which rely on SDEs with non-Lipschitz coefficients. Indeed, we apply our results to a square root-type diffusion (CIR or CEV) with coefficients depending on the state variable, that is, a situation where standard techniques for density estimation based on Malliavin calculus do not apply. We establish the existence of a smooth density, for which we give exponential estimates and study the behavior at the origin (the singular point).
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AAP717 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Beam energy dependence of rapidity-even dipolar flow in Au+Au collisions
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: nucl-ex

description: © 2018 New measurements of directed flow for charged hadrons, characterized by the Fourier coefficient v1, are presented for transverse momenta pT, and centrality intervals in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment for the center-of-mass energy range sNN=7.7–200 GeV. The measurements underscore the importance of momentum conservation, and the characteristic dependencies on sNN, centrality and pT are consistent with the expectations of geometric fluctuations generated in the initial stages of the collision, acting in concert with a hydrodynamic-like expansion. The centrality and pT dependencies of v1even, as well as an observed similarity between its excitation function and that for v3, could serve as constraints for initial-state models. The v1even excitation function could also provide an important supplement to the flow measurements employed for precision extraction of the temperature dependence of the specific shear viscosity.