Pachylobos iratiensis Carvalho & Kury 2025, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Carvalho, Rafael N.
name: Kury, Adriano B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Gonyleptidae
Pachylobos
Pachylobos iratiensis

description: Pachylobos iratiensis sp.nov.
(Figs 35–38)
ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 96D322FE-E209- 4334-882B-0D31E66A5F54.
Etymology
The species name is an adjective from the type locality.
Type data
Pachylobos iratiensis: ♂ holotype 2 ♀ paratypes (MNRJ 363), from BRAZIL, state of Paraná, Fernandes Pinheiro, Floresta Nacional de Irati.
Diagnosis
Pachylobos iratiensis: can be distinguished from P. littoralis and P. longicornis due to: (1) Scutal area III with a pair of spines with subconical apex (Fig. 36B, D); (2) Cx IV prodorsal distal apophysis with half of the AW size (Fig. 36B); (3) Fe IV dorsal face with a comb of spines (IIII) on the proximal half (Fig. 36F– G, I); (4) Fe IV retrodorsal face with a row of tubercles (as in P. littoralis) and a distalmost outstanding spine (as in P. longicornis) (Fig. 36F, I); (5) VP with proximal half elliptical, 1.5× wider than distal part (Fig. 37A, C); (6) MS B1 evident, with the central portion visible (Fig. 37C); (7) Females’ free tergites I–III with a pair of outstanding subconical tubercles (Fig. 38B).
Distribution
BRAZIL: state of Paraná: Fernandes Pinheiro (Fig. 34).
Redescription
MNRJ 363 (male) for the external body illustrations and description; DS, measurements: CW 3.3, CL 2.3, AW 6.4, AL 3.1; Leg I–IV measurements inTable 18; Right/left tarsal (distitarsal) counts: 6(3)/6(3) - 13(3)/8(3) - 7/7 - 7/7. MNRJ 363 (male) for genitalic illustrations.
Dorsum: DS lambda, wider than long, with AS lateral margins strongly convex, widest at scutal area II and thickest at scutal area III (Figs 35A–B, 36B, D). AS with sinuous posterior margin (Fig. 36B, D). DS anterior margin divided by a small central projection in the centre and a pair of shallow cheliceral sockets (Figs 35A, 36B). Carapace anterior portion with two transversal rows of four–five prominent subconical tubercles, and centrally covered by ordinary tubercles (Fig. 36B). Carapace with a paramedian pair of prominent tubercles, surrounded by ordinary tubercles on lateral and posterior portions (Fig. 36B, D). Ocularium elliptical (in dorsal view), slightly inclined frontwards (in lateral view), high (c. 3× the eye diameter), perpendicularly placed on the central portion of the carapace (Figs 35A–B, 36A–B, D). Ocularium with a pair of almost parallel spines (c. 3× the eye diameter) fused at baseline and slightly inclined frontwards (Figs 35A–B, 36A–B, D). AS lateral borders with two rows of tubercles, one external, composed of three–four prominent subconical tubercles at areas I–IV; another internal one with ordinary tubercles from the posterior corner of the carapace to the DS posterior margin (Figs 35A–B, 36B, D). Mesotergum is divided into four clearly defined scutal areas (Figs 35A, 36B). All scutal areas tuberculate, with almost all tubercles individually covered/surrounded by light-coloured spots (Figs 35A, 36B). Scutal area I divided into left and right halves by a longitudinal median groove (Figs 35A, 36B). Scutal areas I–II and IV with two or three pairs of prominent tubercles (c. 1.5× the ordinary tubercles) (Figs 35A, 36B, D). Scutal area II with anterior-lateral margin slightly embracing scutal area I, and with posterior-lateral margin embracing scutal area III (Figs 35A, 36B). Scutal area III with a pair of paramedian subconical spines with rounded apex (c. 7× the ordinary tubercles) (Figs 35A–B, 36B–D). Scutal area III with posterior-central margin slightly invading scutal area IV (on paramedian portion) (Figs 35A, 36B). DS posterior border and free tergites I– III each with a transversal row of tubercles (growing in size towards central portion, with six prominent ones) (Figs 35A, 36B, D). Anal operculum tuberculate.
Venter: Cx I– III sub-parallel to each other (Fig. 35C), individually with ventral longitudinal rows of 8–15 setiferous tubercles (Cx I rows with higher and sharper tubercles than the others). Cx II with two acuminated tubercles on retroventral distal. Cx III with a retroventral distal row of nine acuminate tubercles. Cx IV much larger than the others, directed obliquely (Fig. 35C). Intercoxal bridges are well marked (Fig. 35C). Stigmatic area Y-inverted-shaped, clearly sunken concerning Cx IV’s distal part (Fig. 35C). Cx IV covered by ordinary tubercles (Fig. 35C). Stigmata are visible (Fig. 35C). Free sternites with a transverse row of ordinary tubercles (Fig. 35C).
Chelicera: Basichelicerite elongate, bulla well marked (Fig. 36B), with marginal setiferous tubercles—two lateral mesal, two or three posteriors, three lateral ectal (Fig. 36B); hand not swollen.
Pedipalps: Tr with two geminated ventral setiferous tubercles. Fe with a ventral basal and a mesal distal setiferous tubercle. Pa unarmed. Ti with a row of four spines (IiIi) on ventro-mesal and ventro-ectal faces. Ta with two rows of spines—three (IIi) ventro-mesal and four (IiIi) ventro-ectal.
Legs: All the unmentioned podomeres are unarmed or without relevant armature. Cx I–II dorsal proximal face with anterior and posterior basal apophyses (linked with ozopores); simple ones on Cx I, prominent ones on Cx II (posterior apophysis bifurcated, with the anterior bud larger and swollen). Tr I– III each with several ventral tubercles. Fe I and III sub straight (Figs 35C, 36E); Fe II straight (Fig. 35C). Fe and Ti I– III with all faces containing rows of small tubercles (Fig. 36E). Fe III with a reduced apical retrodorsal spur (Figs 35A, 36E). Pa I– III dorsally covered by small tubercles. Cx IV reaches the DS posterior margin (Fig. 36B). Cx IV tuberculate between prodorsal and ventral faces (Fig. 36B). Cx IV prodorsal distal apophysis with a conical main branch (as long as the AS’ half-width, centrally bent to posterior) (Fig. 36B, D, F–H). Cx IV retroventral distal apophysis with a blunt main branch, with a small secondary branch on its proximal half (Fig. 36B, F, H–I). Tr IV rectangle-shaped (in dorsal view) (Fig. 36B, F–I). Tr IV central portion with a prominent tubercle on dorsal face (Fig. 36B, F–G). Tr IV distal portion with a hook-shaped apophysis on prodorsal face (Fig. 36B, F–G, I). Tr IV proximal portion with a conical apophysis (slightly bent dorsad) on prolateral face (Fig. 36B, F, H). Tr IV tuberculate on ventral face (Fig. 36G–I). Tr IV central portion with a conical apophysis (slightly bent dorsad) and two prominent subconical tubercles on retrolateral face (Fig. 36B, H–I). Tr IV distal portion with a subconical apophysis on retrolateral and retrodorsal faces (Fig. 36B, F, H–I). Fe IV sub-straight, arched (1) on the proximal half towards the prodorsal face and (2) on the distal half towards the retroventral face (Fig. 36F–I). Fe IV dorsal face with a row of seven spines (IIIIIiI) bent to retrolateral, (except the proximal-most and the two distalmost, which are straight) (Fig. 36F–I). Fe IV prodorsal face with a row of ordinary tubercles and a prominent apical tubercle (Fig. 36F–G). Fe IV prolateral face with a row of 13 outstanding subconical tubercles (Fig. 36F–H). Fe IV proventral face with a row of five spines (iiiII) on distal half (Fig. 36G–H). Fe IV ventral face with a subconical prominent tubercle on the proximal fifth (Fig. 36H). Fe IV retroventral face with a row of eight spines (iiiiiIII)—the five proximal-most subconical, the three distalmost acuminated (Fig. 36F–G, I). Fe IV retrolateral face with a row of seven spines (iiIIIii), with a diastema on the central portion between the four proximal-most and the five distalmost (Fig. 36F, H–I). Fe IV retrodorsal face with ordinary tubercles on the proximal and central thirds, a spine on the distal third and an outstanding apical spur (Fig. 36F, I). Pa IV dorsally covered by prominent acuminated tubercles (some are outstanding, mainly on dorsal and retrodorsal faces) (Fig. 36F, I). Pa IV proventral and retroventral faces with rows of five and two spines, respectively (Fig. 36G–I). Ti IV with all faces containing longitudinal rows of spines (except ventral; proventral, retroventral and retrolateral largest) (Fig. 36H–I). Ti IV with a sizeable spur on proventral and retroventral apical portions (Fig. 36H–I). Mt IV with all faces containing longitudinal rows of small tubercles (Fig. 36J). Mt IV with a reduced spur on proventral and retroventral apical portions (Fig. 36J).
Coloration (in ethanol) (Fig. 35): DS background, free tergites I– III and Cx I–IV Dark Grayish Yellowish Brown (81). Mesotergum grooves between areas I–IV Light Olive Gray (112). Tubercles surrounded by lighter circles Grayish Greenish Yellow (105) on mesotergum, AS lateral portions and free tergites I– III. Spines on scutal area III and Cx IV prodorsal distal apophysis Brownish Black (65). Ch glossier background Dark Grayish Yellow (91), with honeycombed Dark Grayish Olive (111) reticle. Pp glossier background Very Pale Green (148), with honeycombed Greenish Gray (155) reticle. Tr I–IV background in a combination of Grayish Greenish Yellow (105) and Dark Grayish Yellowish Brown (81), with a dorsal semicircle Very Light Yellowish Green (134) on distal half. Fe–Mt I– III background Grayish Greenish Yellow (105), with honeycombed Dark Olive Brown (96) reticle. Fe–Mt IV background Dark Grayish Olive (111), with apical portions of tubercles and spines Moderate Greenish Yellow (102) or Moderate Yellow Green (120).
Male genitalia: VP slightly divided into a distal half forming a trapezium (widest at the base) with latero-apical flaps and a proximal half elliptical (1.5× wider than distal part) (Fig. 37A, C). VP ventral surface entirely covered with microsetae of type 1. All macrosetae cylindrical, inserted on lateral of VP. MS A1– A4 thick and acuminated, on the basal half of the VP (Fig. 37A– C). MS B1 short, inserted ventrally, close to A4 (Fig. 37B–C). MS C1–C3 thick and acuminated, forming a longitudinal row on the distal half of VP (Fig. 37A–C). MS D1 short, closer to C3 than A1 (Fig. 37A–B). MS E1–E2 very reduced, located on the laterodistal flange of VP—E1 above C1, E2 between C2–C3 (Fig. 37B). Glans sac arising from the middle bulge on the podium, not extended as a dorsal process (Fig. 37A–B, D). Stylus and its ventral process fused basally, forming a pedestal above the glans (Fig. 37B, D). Stylus cylindrical, bent at the subdistal part (forming a plateau) and armed with a set of ventral subapical spines (Fig. 37A–D). Stylus without any expansion or flattening, in situ reaching the distal margin of VP. Ventral process bent dorsad, as long and thinner than the stylus (Fig. 37A, D). Flabellum bent 90° ventrad, hand-shaped (with more than 11 lateral prominent spines, some of them bifurcated) (Fig. 37B, D).
Female (MNRJ 363) (Figs 35D–F, 38): DS, measurements: CW 2.9, CL 2.1, AW 5.3, AL 3.6; Leg I–IV measurements in Table 19; Right/left tarsal (distitarsal) counts: 5(2)/6(3) - 9(3)/9(3) - 7/7 - 7/7. Ocularium reduced compared to males (Figs 35E, 38A). DS lambda, with AS margins are less concave than males (Figs 35D, 36B). DS posterior margin and free tergites I– III with a pair of outstanding subconical tubercles (Figs 35D, 38B). Cx IV narrower than males, with the prodorsal distal apophysis reduced to a single spine (Figs 35D–E, 38B–C). Tr IV distal portion unarmed on prodorsal and retrodorsal faces (Figs 35D–E, 38C). Tr IV distal portion with a prominent subconical tubercle on prolateral face (Fig. 38C). Fe IV sub-straight, thinner compared to males, arched on the proximal half towards prodorsal face (Figs 35D–F, 38C). Fe IV with five small acuminated spines on dorsal face (Fig. 38C). Fe IV retrolateral face with a prominent subconical tubercle on the proximal fifth and two outstanding spines on the distal half (Fig. 38C).
Intraspecific variation: No other male specimen, except the holotype, has been studied here. No intraspecific variation among females was detected in the material studied.
description: Published as part of Carvalho, Rafael N. & Kury, Adriano B., 2025, Further draining of Discocyrtus to expand Neopachylinae (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae): absorption of taxa and establishment of new genera and species, pp. 1-65 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (zlae 023) (zlae 023) 203 (1) on pages 56-61, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae023, http://zenodo.org/record/14802079