cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dala Foods Nigeria Limited: Effective Product Development and Management in Nigeria
Creators: name: Gambo, Musa K.K.
name: Ali Madugu, Safiyanu
name: Gambo, Musa K.K.
name: Ali Madugu, Safiyanu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: tea
subject: Kunu
subject: food drinks
subject: innovation
subject: Nigeria

description: Dala Foods Nigeria Limited is a resilient indigenous food company founded in 1980. Their innovative business strategy has resulted in the successful launch of five unique instant food drinks into the Nigerian marketplace. Dala Foods has made some traditional foods and beverages which were once difficult to prepare, much easier. They have won numerous awards both locally and internationally and become successful through proactive product development and innovative niche marketing strategies despite a harsh business environment of inadequate energy supplies and occasional political and civil unrest.
description: The IFAMR is published quarterly by the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association. For complete library visit: www.ifama.org
High Strain Rate Dynamic Response of Aluminum 6061 Micro Particles at Elevated Temperatures and Varying Oxide Thicknesses of Substrate Surface
Creators: name: Taglienti, Carmine
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Cold spray is a unique additive manufacturing process, where a large number of ductile metal micro particles are deposited to create new surface coatings or free-standing structures. Metallic particles are accelerated through a gas stream, reaching velocities of over 1 km/s. Accelerated particles experience a high-strain-rate microscopic ballistic collisions against a target substrate. Large amounts of kinetic energy results in extreme plastic deformation of the particles and substrate. Though the cold spray process has been in use for decades, the extreme material science behind the deformation of particles has not been well understood due to experimental difficulties arising from the succinct spatial (10 μm) and temporal scales (10 ns). In this study, using a recently developed micro-ballistic method, the advanced laser induced projectile impact test (α-LIPIT), the dynamic behavior of micro-particles during the collision is precisely defined. We observe single aluminum 6061 alloy particles, approximately 20μm in diameter, impact and rebound off of a rigid target surface over a broad range of impact speeds, temperatures, and substrate oxide film thicknesses. Through observation of the collisions, we extract characteristic information of the dynamic response of particles as well as the relationship with various parameters (e.g. surrounding temperature, particle diameter, oxide thickness, and impact velocity). By impacting a polished aluminum 6061 alloy substrate we are able to mimic the collision events that occur during cold spray deposition. The connection between the temperature increase and the oxide thickness plays a role in theorizing the cause of unexpected phenomena, such as increased rebound energies at higher temperatures. Highly-controlled single particle impacts results, are provided to calibrate and improve computational simulations as well. This, in turn, can provide insight into the underlying material science behind the cold spray process.
Quantum interference effect on exciton transport in monolayer semiconductors
Creators: name: Glazov, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically weak localization of excitons in atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides. The constructive interference of excitonic de Broglie waves on the trajectories forming closed loops results in a decrease of the exciton diffusion coefficient. We calculate the interference contribution to the diffusion coefficient for the experimentally relevant situation of exciton scattering by acoustic phonons and static disorder. For the acoustic phonon scattering, the quantum interference becomes more and more important with increasing the temperature. Our estimates show that the quantum contribution to the diffusion coefficient is considerable for the state-of-the-art monolayer and bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Quantum wires with magnetic fluxes
Creators: name: Kostrykin, Vadim
name: Schrader, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34B45; 34L40; 35J10

description: In the present article magnetic Laplacians on a graph are analyzed. We provide a complete description of the set of all operators which can be obtained from a given self-adjoint Laplacian by perturbing it by magnetic fields. In particular, it is shown that generically this set is isomorphic to a torus. We also describe the conditions under which the operator is unambiguously (up to unitary equivalence) defined by prescribing the magnetic fluxes through all loops of the graph.
Dairy farm productivity in Northern Europe
Creators: name: Jansik, Csaba
name: Irz, Xavier
name: Jansik, Csaba
name: Irz, Xavier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: productivity
subject: dairy farms
subject: comparison
subject: Northern Europe

description: The milk sector has received much attention in Europe due to the abolishment of milk quotas in 2015 and its potential effect on the geographical distribution of milk production across countries. As a way of assessing the competitive advantage of Nordic EU countries, we investigated the productivity level and productivity growth of milk farms across eight countries of the Baltic Sea region from 1995 to 2010. We found considerable discrepancy in productivity performance across countries. TFP growth rates indicate that the competitive positions of the “old” EU members are stable, and that there is no catching up from the newer EU entrants. We offer explanations for this evolution based on the different patterns of structural change followed by the studied countries.
MOESM8 of Concurrent genome and epigenome editing by CRISPR-mediated sequence replacement
Creators: name: Alexander, Jes
name: Findlay, Gregory
name: Kircher, Martin
name: Shendure, Jay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table S2. Sequences of Primers and Oligonucleotides for Cloning.
Farmland Rental Rates and Arrangements
Creators: name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Deaton, B. James
name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Deaton, B. James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: farmland
subject: rents

description: This paper examines the rental rates that tenants can afford to pay given alternative price and yield conditions. Over the last several years, harvest prices and yields have generally tended to be higher than their expected values when rates were negotiated with landlords. The benefits have accrued to the tenants if the farmland rental contract was a fixed, cash rental arrangement. Since the downside risk in net returns is likely greater than the upside risk, the paper also looks at alternative share arrangements that minimize the downside risk to tenants and allow landlords to enjoy an increase in returns if prices move higher than expected.
All-Red Clearance Intervals for Use in the Left-Turn Application of Flashing Yellow Arrows
Creators: name: Tainter, Francis
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: With the advancement of implementation for a novel traffic control device, the Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA), agencies across the country have continually sought strategies to improve intersection operations and safety, specifically with respect to the left-turn application. More so, permissive left-turn intervals have been communicated to drivers using several traffic signal indications; however, most frequently these phases are represented through the circular green (CG) ball and more recently, the FYA. Previous research in this area determined that the FYA indication produced the most effective communication of permissive left-turns. Further, this previous research led to the inclusion of the FYA in the 2009 edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). In recent years, agencies across the country have embraced the implementation of the FYA for permissive left-turns. However, there remains a lack of national guidance on the definition of change and clearance intervals for transitioning between protected and permissive left-turns. Complicating the matter is the connection between traditional signal phasing/design and human factors. Investigation through driver comprehension and real-world operations will allow us to not only evaluate current conditions, but also experimental and future conditions. Recommendations provided from this research will ultimately offer agencies with the strategies for the most effective transition from a protected left-turn to a permissive left-turn phase.
Estimation of the Farm-Level Yield-Weather-Relation Using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Schmidt, Lorenz
name: Odening, Martin
name: Schlanstein, Johann
name: Ritter, Matthias
name: Schmidt, Lorenz
name: Odening, Martin
name: Schlanstein, Johann
name: Ritter, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods / Statistical Methods
subject: Yield Prediction
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Weather Risk
subject: Risk Management
subject: Index Insurance

description: Weather is a pivotal factor for crop production as it is highly volatile and can hardly be controlled by farm management practices. Since there is a tendency towards increased weather extremes in the future, understanding the weather-related yield factors becomes increasingly important not only for yield prediction, but also for the design of insurance products that mitigate financial losses for farmers. In this study, an artificial neural network is set up and calibrated to a rich set of farm-level wheat yield data in Germany covering the period from 2003 to 2018. A nonlinear regression model, which uses rainfall, temperature, and soil moisture as explanatory variables for yield deviations, serves as a benchmark. The empirical application reveals that the gain in estimation precision by using machine learning techniques compared with traditional estimation approaches is quite substantial and that the use of regionalized models and high-resolution weather data improve the performance of ANN.
Designing a Pore-Forming Toxin Cytolysin A (ClyA) Specific to Target Cancer Cells
Creators: name: Avelino, Alzira Rocheteau
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2014

description: Cytolysin A (ClyA) is a member of a class of proteins called pore-forming toxins (PFTs). ClyA is secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, and it attacks a number of mammalian cells by inserting into and forming channels within the cell membrane (Oscarsson J et al., 1999). It has been suggested that ClyA binds to cholesterol (Oscarsson J et al., 1999) and thus can insert into the membranes of many different cell types of eukaryotic origin. In our studies we propose to engineer a ClyA protein that can only attack a small subset of cell types. We propose to engineer ClyA that can be only activated when exposed to specific cell-surface proteases produced by a specific cell type. We ultimately want to target breast cancer cells that differentially secrete or express proteases such as matrix-metalloproteases (Stautz D et al., 2012; Zhang, M et al. 2013). To engineer this protein we took advantage of the N-terminus of ClyA. The N-terminus of ClyA, which is highly hydrophobic (Oscarsson J et al), undergoes a conformational change to insert into the target cell membrane (Oscarsson J et al). This conformational change allows ClyA to penetrate the target membrane to form a transmembrane domain of ClyA. The hydrophobic nature of lipid membranes makes it highly unfavorable for any charged residues to cross the membrane (Hunt J 1997). With this in mind, we hypothesize that negative charges inserted into the N-terminus of ClyA will inhibit it from inserting into the membrane. Thus, we mutated the N-terminus of the ClyA protein by inserting an inactivation site composed of negatively charged amino acids that we hypothesize would prevent insertion into the plasma membrane of the target cell. Once we confirmed that this construct was an inactive ClyA mutant, we inserted a thrombin cleavage site right after the inserted negative charges. This site should allow us to remove the negative charges once the protein is exposed to thrombin. Once the negative charges are removed, the protein should recover its activity. This approach will allow us to create a version of ClyA that is protease-switchable.
Re-analysis of the $D^* Dπ$ coupling in the light-cone QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Kim, Hungchong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent measurement from the CLEO experiment presents the $DD^*π$ coupling, $17.9\pm 0.3 \pm 1.9$. This value is much larger than any of QCD sum rule predictions available in literature. We report that, with a relevant treatment of the continuum subtraction as well as with the asymptotic form of the twist-2 pion wave function, the light-cone QCD sum rule can provide the coupling comparable to the experimental value. The stability of the resulting sum rule becomes much better with these corrections.
description: 8 pages including 1 postscript figure
2MASS study of candidate precursors to UCHII regions.
Creators: name: Clerkin, Eoin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: 2MASS
stellar clusters
massive star formation
intial mass function

description: There has been two major efforts in the past 7 years to study UCHII regions (Molinari
 et al. 1996; Sridharan et al., 2002). They compiled a list of 217 best candidates of the
 precursors to UCHII regions. We conducted a near IR study into these sources using the
 2MASS all sky survey. A method of Nyquist bining stellar counts around these sources
 revealed the presence of embedded clusters in at least 63 (30%) of the sample. More than
 50 of these were previously unknown groupings, 29 are classified as large clusters, 18 as
 small and the rest as stellar groups. This technique of detection provided stellar density
 contour maps which allowed us to discuss the morphology of the groupings. We estimated
 that the ratio of Hierarchical type to central condensed type cluster (H/C = 0.9 ≈ 1)
 which possibly implies both a basic unity of gravity and turbulence but also maybe the
 decay of the turbulence with time. The positions of the candidate (pre) UCHII regions
 show a striking preference for the very centre of the clusters.
 We statistically calculate the number of cluster members detectable by the 2MASS tele-
 scope, and we extend this estimate and the mass to almost the deuterium burning limit
 with the use of an universal IMF from Muench et al. (2002). We observe a correlation
 between the relative age of the (pre) UCHII regions and the number of members in the
 clusters. With the use of cc-diagrams, we obtained the average dust extinction and we
 discussed the colours of massive protostars. The mass of the dust cloud was available
 for 15 clusters from Beuther et al. (2002) and so, we estimated the local star formation
 efficiency.
Development of Methodology for Rapid Bacterial Detection in Complex Matrices Using SERS
Creators: name: Tucker, Madeline
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Fresh foods, including meats and produce are the fastest growing market in the supermarket and the class of foods most likely to cause a bacterial foodborne illness. As the rate of consumption of perishable products increases, rapid detection of pathogens within the food supply becomes a critical issue. Current methods used for the detection of bacteria that cause food-borne illnesses are time consuming, expensive and often require selective enrichment. In this study we adapted a separation technique originally developed for PCR to extract bacteria from ground beef using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and milk protein coated activated carbon (MP-CAC) as filtration agents. The recovered bacteria were bound to a gold slide via a 3-mercaptophenylboronic acid (3-MPBA) sandwich assay and detected with Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The 3-MPBA sandwich assay used with the separation technique allowed detection of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (BAA-1045), separated from a ground beef matrix, as low as 1x102 CFU/g. Detection at this level was accomplished in less than 8 hours, significantly faster than plate count or enrichment methods that require multiple days. Previously, SERS has been used to detect bacteria within simple matrices; this is the first study to have utilized SERS bacterial detection in a ground beef.
Stabilizing effect of magnetic helicity on magnetic cavities in the intergalactic medium
Creators: name: Candelaresi, Simon
name: Del Sordo, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of magnetic helicity on the stability of buoyant magnetic cavities as found in the intergalactic medium. In these cavities, we insert helical magnetic fields and test whether or not helicity can increase their stability to shredding through the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and, with that, their lifetime. This is compared to the case of an external vertical magnetic field which is known to reduce the growth rate of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. By comparing a low-helicity configuration with a high helicity one with the same magnetic energy we find that an internal helical magnetic field stabilizes the cavity. This effect increases as we increase the helicity content. Stabilizing the cavity with an external magnetic field requires instead a significantly stronger field at higher magnetic energy. We conclude that the presence of helical magnetic fields is a viable mechanism to explain the stability of intergalactic cavities on time scales longer than 100 Myr.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Vocal Communication During Early Mother-Infant Interaction: Studies Using the Wistar-Kyoto Rat Model of Depression
Creators: name: Tuncali, Idil
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Postpartum depression is a serious psychiatric condition that has deleterious effects on the mother and poses a risk for the mother-infant relationship and ultimately the infant’s development.
Maternal anhedonia and social communication deficits are two major clinical features central to postpartum depression that likely contribute to deficits in parenting. The present study used Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) mother rats, an animal model of depression which we have developed to examine the postpartum disorder, to investigate the relationship between maternal anhedonia, social communication deficits and parenting disturbances. Rats produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in different social contexts, and USVs are becoming an increasingly valuable assay for behavioral phenotyping. Alterations of the ultrasound patterns have been reported in several models of neuropsychiatric disorders, including those associated with communicative/social deficits, and can also provide reliable insight into the affective state of the mother rat during social interactions with her litter. In the first study, WKY and control Sprague-Dawley (SD) postpartum females were examined for their affective responses to social cues from pups, as measured by their ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during a 30-minute maternal behavior test following 20 minutes of mother-litter separation. Total number of calls, acoustic frequency and duration of calls, and individual USV profiles were analyzed in conjunction with maternal behavior. Both WKY and SD mothers predominantly produced ~50 kHz USVs when interacting with the pups in the maternal behavior test. WKY mothers emitted more trill-type USVs as is compared with SD mothers. Similarly, WKY mothers exhibited substantial disturbances in theirmaternal behavior. A second experiment evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism as a novel treatment strategy for postpartum depression. Emerging evidence indicates that the neuromodulator adenosine, particularly through actions on adenosine A2A receptors, modulates behavioral functions associated with the mesocorticolimbic DA system, including cognitive and motivational processes. Results indicate that acute MSX-3 administration did not attenuate the parenting disturbances of WKY or affect the USV emissions of either strain.
Taken together, these results provide evidence for the presence of maternal USVs during motherlitter interactions, and further suggest that variations in USVs produced by mothers during social interaction with their pups may function as an index of their affect. Rat USVs may be used to study the neurobiological mechanisms underlying maternal affect in animal models of postpartum disorders.
Kenyan perceptions of aflatoxin: an analysis of raw milk consumption
Creators: name: Walke, Maria
name: Mtimet, Nadhem
name: Baker, Derek
name: Lindahl, Johanna
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Grace, Delia
name: Walke, Maria
name: Mtimet, Nadhem
name: Baker, Derek
name: Lindahl, Johanna
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Grace, Delia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Milk consumers
subject: Aflatoxin
subject: Kenya
subject: Best-Worst Analysis
subject: Willingness to Pay

description: Aflatoxin is a human health threat concern in many developing countries. This study examines Kenyan milk consumers’ behaviour toward aflatoxin by way of choice experiments. Further, willingness to pay for different types of milk and aflatoxin status awareness were assessed. Four attributes were selected to describe milk products: smell, colour, price and aflatoxin-free certification. Results indicate that awareness of aflatoxin is relatively high, and that consumers are willing to pay a significant premium for milk that is certified as aflatoxin-free. Results also show, however, that the substantial majority does not know how to avoid aflatoxin-contaminated milk. The results indicate a great need for further education and awareness-raising programs throughout the Kenyan dairy value chain, and a potential for market-based solutions to aflatoxin control in milk.
Measurement of the inclusive isolated-photon cross section in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using 36 fb$^{-1}$ of ATLAS data
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential cross section for isolated-photon production in $pp$ collisions is measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$. The differential cross section is presented as a function of the photon transverse energy in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The differential cross section as a function of the absolute value of the photon pseudorapidity is also presented in different regions of photon transverse energy. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from JETPHOX and SHERPA as well as next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from NNLOJET are compared with the measurement, using several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions. The predictions provide a good description of the data within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
description: 49 pages in total, author list starting page 33, 12 figures, 2 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-29/
Giant magnetothermopower of magnon-assisted transport in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: McCann, Edward
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical description of the thermopower due to magnon-assisted tunneling in a mesoscopic tunnel junction between two ferromagnetic metals. The thermopower is generated in the course of thermal equilibration between two baths of magnons, mediated by electrons. For a junction between two ferromagnets with antiparallel polarizations, the ability of magnon-assisted tunneling to create thermopower $S_{AP}$ depends on the difference between the size $Π_{\uparrow, \downarrow}$ of the majority and minority band Fermi surfaces and it is proportional to a temperature dependent factor $(k_{B}T/ω_{D})^{3/2}$ where $ω_{D}$ is the magnon Debye energy. The latter factor reflects the fractional change in the net magnetization of the reservoirs due to thermal magnons at temperature $T$ (Bloch's $T^{3/2}$ law). In contrast, the contribution of magnon-assisted tunneling to the thermopower $S_P$ of a junction with parallel polarizations is negligible. As the relative polarizations of ferromagnetic layers can be manipulated by an external magnetic field, a large difference $ΔS = S_{AP} - S_P \approx S_{AP} \sim - (k_B/e) f (Π_{\uparrow},Π_{\downarrow}) (k_BT/ω_{D})^{3/2}$ results in a magnetothermopower effect. This magnetothermopower effect becomes giant in the extreme case of a junction between two half-metallic ferromagnets, $ΔS \sim - k_B/e$.
description: 9 pages, 4 eps figures
Consumer preferences for riding lessons in Finland, Sweden and Latvia
Creators: name: Tienhaara, Annika
name: Pouta, Eija
name: Lunner Kolstrup, Christina
name: Pinzke, Stefan
name: Janmere, Lana
name: Järvinen, Maija
name: Tienhaara, Annika
name: Pouta, Eija
name: Lunner Kolstrup, Christina
name: Pinzke, Stefan
name: Janmere, Lana
name: Järvinen, Maija
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: equine sector
subject: riding lesson
subject: choice experiment
subject: preference heterogeneity

description: Services by equine sector offer a new livelihood for farms around cities, but studies focusing on the demand for these services are limited. Knowledge of the clients’ preferences enables systematic development of the riding services. We examined a riding lesson choice, and attributes affecting it, in Finland, Sweden and Latvia using a choice experiment method. The latent class model revealed three distinctive consumer groups in each country: one with low interest in lessons, one with recreational focus and one interested in skills. Based on the model, we estimated willingness to pay for a riding lesson with different attribute combinations.
MOESM7 of Concurrent genome and epigenome editing by CRISPR-mediated sequence replacement
Creators: name: Alexander, Jes
name: Findlay, Gregory
name: Kircher, Martin
name: Shendure, Jay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 7: Figure S6. UCSC genome browser view showing the region around the transcriptional start of HPRT1, CpG dinucleotides included in the CpG island amplicons, locations of SNVs introduced to create alleles and destroy PAM sites, and location of the HPRT1 CpG island.
Bewertung der Umweltwirkungen des ökologischen Landbaus im Kontext der kontroversen wissenschaftlichen Diskurse
Creators: name: Debuschewitz, Emil
name: Sanders, Jürn
name: Debuschewitz, Emil
name: Sanders, Jürn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Ökologischer Landbau
subject: Umweltwirkungen
subject: wissenschaftlicher Diskurs
subject: relative Vorzüglichkeit

description: Die Umweltwirkungen des ökologischen Landbaus (ÖL) werden seit vielen Jahren kontrovers in der Wissenschaft diskutiert. Weiterhin gibt es gegensätzliche Ansichten, ob der ökologische Landbau einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der umwelt- und ressourcenpolitischen Herausforderungen leisten kann und seine Förderung ein geeignetes Instrument zur Lösung der Probleme darstellt. Bisher hat sich hierzu noch keine eindeutige Sichtweise durchgesetzt. Wie ist dieser Umstand zu erklären? Und liegt gegebenenfalls ein Lock-in des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses vor? Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, den relevanten wissenschaftlichen Diskurs nachzuzeichnen und mögliche Erklärungen abzuleiten, warum die Umweltwirkungen weiterhin unterschiedlich bewertet werden. Dazu wurde eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse mit einer Stichprobe von n=93 wissenschaftlichen Publikationen durchgeführt. Es konnten zwei Hauptdiskussionslinien herausgearbeitet werden: zum einen geht es um die Frage, ob bei der Bewertung der Umweltwirkungen zwangsläufig auch Aspekte der Ernährungssicherung einzubeziehen sind (thematischer Betrachtungsrahmen); zum zweiten, inwiefern die Netto-Umweltwirkungen bzw. mögliche Verlagerungseffekte in Folge eines niedrigeren Ertragsniveaus zu berücksichtigen sind (räumlicher Betrachtungsrahmen). Es wird geschlussfolgert, dass die polarisierende Debatte unter anderem durch die binäre Ausgangsfrage (Ist der ÖL besser als die konventionelle Landwirtschaft?) begründet ist und bisher unzureichend beleuchtete Aspekte, wie die Wahl der Bezugseinheiten oder normative Grundannahmen in der wissenschaftlichen Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung, in den Diskursen verstärkt berücksichtigt werden sollten.
Observation of the Decay K- -> pi- mu+ mu- and Measurements of the Branching Ratios for K+/- -> pi+/- mu+ mu-
Creators: name: Park, H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data collected with the HyperCP (E871) spectrometer during the 1997 fixed-target run at Fermilab, we report the first observation of the decay K- -> pi- mu+ mu- and new measurements of the branching ratios for K+/- -> pi+/- mu+ mu- . By combining the branching ratios for the K+ and K- decays, we measure the ratio (K+/- -> pi+/- mu+ mu-)/(K+/- -> all) = (9.8 +/- 1.0 +/- 0.5)x10^(-8). The CP asymmetry between the K+ and K- decay modes = -0.02 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.04.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL
Impacts of Casino Gambling Availability in Plainville, Massachusetts: A Repeated Cross-sectional Analysis
Creators: name: Venne, Danielle M
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: The impacts of the introduction of casino gambling in Plainville, MA and surrounding communities are of interest in developing informed policy. Problem gambling is a public health issue as associated harms include physical and mental illness, impaired relationships with one’s close social network, impacts on school or work, financial difficulties and illegal behavior. The results of surveys prior to and after the introduction of the casino were used to evaluate potential differences in the prevalence of at-risk and problem gambling, associations amongst health and gambling behavior covariates with at-risk and problem gambling status by year, and changes of covariate relationships with at-risk and problem gambling between years (2014 Total n = 1,090; 2016 Total n = 999; Total N = 2,089). No change in prevalence of at-risk and problem gambling was observed. A borderline significant higher rate in casino gambling between survey years was observed for at-risk and problem gamblers. Future research should aim to explore the influence of gambling availability on vulnerable subgroups of the population to create fully informed policy.
CP violation in supersymmetric models with Hermitian Yukawa couplings and A-terms
Creators: name: Khalil, Shaaban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the CP violation in supersymmetric models with Hermitian Yukawa and trilinear couplings. We show that Hermitian Yukawa matrices can be implemented in supersymmetric models with SU(3) flavor symmetry. An important feature of this class of models is that the supersymmetric contributions to the EDM of the neutron and mercury atom are suppressed. In this framework, epsilon_K can be saturated by a small non--universality of the soft scalar masses through the gluino contribution. We perform a detailed analysis for the supersymmetric contributions to epsilon'/epsilon. Although, the gluino contribution is found to be negligible due to a severe cancellation between LR and RL mass insertions, the chargino contribution can be significant and accommodate the experimental results. Additionally, we find that the SUSY contributions to epsilon'/epsilon from the effective \bar{s}dZ vertex and the ΔI =3/2 operators are insignificant. We point out that the standard model gives the leading contribution to the CP asymmetry in B -> ψK_S decay, while the dominant chargino contribution to this asymmetry is < 0.2 . Thus, no constraint is set on the non--universality of this model by the recent BaBar and Belle measurements.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
The evolution of rest-frame UV properties, Lya EWs and the SFR-Stellar mass relation at z~2-6 for SC4K LAEs
Creators: name: Santos, Sérgio
name: Sobral, David
name: Matthee, Jorryt
name: Calhau, João
name: da Cunha, Elisabete
name: Ribeiro, Bruno
name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
name: Haro, Pablo Arrabal
name: Butterworth, Josh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore deep rest-frame UV to FIR data in the COSMOS field to measure the individual spectral energy distributions (SED) of the ~4000 SC4K (Sobral et al. 2018) Lyman-alpha (Lya) emitters (LAEs) at z~2-6. We find typical stellar masses of 10$^{9.3\pm0.6}$ M$_{\odot}$ and star formation rates (SFR) of SFR$_{SED}=4.4^{+10.5}_{-2.4}$ M$_{\odot}$/yr and SFR$_{Lya}=5.9^{+6.3}_{-2.6}$ M$_{\odot}$/yr, combined with very blue UV slopes of beta=-2.1$^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$, but with significant variations within the population. M$_{UV}$ and beta are correlated in a similar way to UV-selected sources, but LAEs are consistently bluer. This suggests that LAEs are the youngest and/or most dust-poor subset of the UV-selected population. We also study the Lya rest-frame equivalent width (EW$_0$) and find 45 "extreme" LAEs with EW$_0>240$ A (3 $σ$), implying a low number density of $(7\pm1)\times10^{-7}$ Mpc$^{-3}$. Overall, we measure little to no evolution of the Lya EW$_0$ and scale length parameter ($w_0$) which are consistently high (EW$_0=140^{+280}_{-70}$ A, $w_0=129^{+11}_{-11}$ A) from z~6 to z~2 and below. However, $w_0$ is anti-correlated with M$_{UV}$ and stellar mass. Our results imply that sources selected as LAEs have a high Lya escape fraction (f$_{esc, Lya}$) irrespective of cosmic time, but f$_{esc, Lya}$ is still higher for UV-fainter and lower mass LAEs. The least massive LAEs ($<10^{9.5}$ M$_{\odot}$) are typically located above the star formation "Main Sequence" (MS), but the offset from the MS decreases towards z~6 and towards $10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$. Our results imply a lack of evolution in the properties of LAEs across time and reveals the increasing overlap in properties of LAEs and UV-continuum selected galaxies as typical star-forming galaxies at high redshift effectively become LAEs.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 23 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables + appendices. The full SC4K catalogue of LAEs with PSF photometry, stellar masses, SFRs and other properties for individual LAEs, is available at https://goo.gl/q9yfKo
Improvements to the UMASS S-Band FM-CW Vertical Wind Profiling Radar: System Performance and Data Analysis.
Creators: name: Waldinger, Joseph
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Upgrades to the University of Massachusetts S-Band FMCW boundary layer vertical wind profiling radar for use in the VORTEX-Southeast campaign are discussed. During the experiment, the radar characterizes velocity and reflectivity in clear-air and light to moderate precipitation conditions. Data is presented from the experiment which illustrates system performance and typical environmental results. This thesis begins with relevant background information on FM-CW radar operation, scattering mechanisms, and other calculations relevant to results discussed. The system hardware is described, along with improvements and modifications made prior to and during the experiment. Collected data is used to demonstrate system capabilities, improvements made, and remaining challenges. Various environmental features in the case of clear-air and precipitation are identified in the dataset. Several examples of Drop Size Distribution (DSD) estimates are presented, and the possibility of separating vertical wind speed biases from rain data is explored. Finally, the validity of results of DSD estimates are discussed.
Pholcus gaoi Song & Ren 1994
Creators: name: Zhang, Feng
name: Zhu, Ming-Sheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Pholcus
Pholcus gaoi

description: Pholcus gaoi Song & Ren, 1994
(Fig. 12)
 Pholcus gaoi Song & Ren 1994: 20, f. 1–7. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 57, f. 23L–O.
 Diagnosis. Among its close relatives within Pholcus (see the remark of P. alloctospilus), this species is very similar to P. pennatus in the shapes of the palpal bulb and epigynum, both without appendices of palpal bulb (Fig. 12F) and with knob-shaped epigynal apophysis and a sclerotized arch anteriorly of epigynum (Figs. 12B–C). It can be distinguished from the latter by the shape of the tip of the procursus (Figs. 12F–G), by the longer ventral apophysis of the trochanter (Figs. 12E, F–G) and by the widely separated pore plates.
 Redescription. Male (‘allotype’), total length 5.6: cephalothorax 1.6 long, 1.9 wide; abdomen 3.8 long, 1.6 wide. Leg I: 45.6 (10.8+0.7+11.5+20.2+2.4), tibia II: 7.8, tibia III: 5.5, tibia IV: 6.9; tibia I L/D: 67. Carapace short, broad and almost circular, ochre, with pair of brown marks broadly connecting to ocular area. Cephalic region raised, with brown central stripe, ocular area dark yellow. Clypeus 0.43, slightly ochre, with yellow marks. Distance AME–AME 0.04. Diameter AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.13, PLE 0.14. Chelicerae as in Fig. 12D, with pair of black apophyses distally, pair of unsclerotized thumb-shaped apophyses proximolaterally and pair of unsclerotized rounded apophyses proximocentrally. Labium and endites yellow. Sternum slightly ochre, with some irregular yellow marks on it. Femora, patellae and tibiae ochre, with dark rings, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Abdomen cylindrical, pale ochre, dorsum with numerous brown spots on it. Venter pale brown, without marks. Palps as in Figs. 12F and 12G, bulb with triangular uncus and short embolus, without appendix. Trochanter with a long ventral apophysis and a short retrolateral apophysis. Tip of procursus with two spine-shaped apophyses and a hook-shaped projection.
 Variation. Tibia I in four other males: 10.2, 10.8, 11.0, 11.6. Body length in four other males: 4.9–5.5.
Female: in general very similar to male. Body length 5.2–6.0. Female (holotype), total length 6.0: cephalothorax 1.5 long, 1.8 wide; abdomen 4.2 long, 2.8 wide. Tibia I 8.4. Prosoma shape as in Fig. 12A. Distance AME–AME 0.03. Diameter AME 0.10, ALE 0.14, PME 0.13, PLE 0.14. Epigynum roughly semicircular as in Fig. 12B, with a small nipple-shaped apophysis on the top. Dorsal view as in Fig. 12C, with a roughly W-shaped sclerotized arch anteriorly and a pair of oval pore plates.
 Distribution. Known from type locality only.
 Material examined. CHINA: Liaoning, Kuandian County, June, 1986, leg. S. S. Gao, female holotype, male ‘allotype’, 4♂, 2♀ paratypes (MHBU).
description: Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhu, Ming-Sheng, 2009, A review of the genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from China, pp. 1-114 in Zootaxa 2037 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2235.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5317608
Time dependence of few-body Förster interactions among ultracold Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Liu, Zhimin Cheryl
name: Inman, Nina P.
name: Carroll, Thomas J.
name: Noel, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rubidium Rydberg atoms in either $|m_j|$-sublevel of the $36p_{3/2}$ state can exchange energy via Stark-tuned Förster resonances, including two-, three-, and four-body dipole-dipole interactions. Three-body interactions of this type were first reported and categorized by Faoro, \textit{et al.}~[Nat.\ Commun.\ \textbf{6}, 8173 (2015)] and their Borromean nature was confirmed by Tretyakov, \textit{et al.}~[Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett. \textbf{119}, 173402 (2017)]. We report the time dependence of the $N$-body Förster resonance $N\times 36p_{3/2,|m_j|=1/2}\rightarrow 36s_{1/2}+37s_{1/2}+(N-2)\times 36p_{3/2,|m_j|=3/2}$, for $N=2,3$, and 4, by measuring the fraction of initially excited atoms that end up in the $37s_{1/2}$ state as a function of time. The essential features of these interactions are captured in an analytical model that includes only the many-body matrix elements and neighboring atom distribution. A more sophisticated simulation reveals the importance of beyond-nearest-neighbor interactions and of always-resonant interactions.
description: final version
Quenched divergences in the deconfined phase of SU(2) gauge theory
Creators: name: Kiskis, Joe
name: Narayanan, Rajamani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of the overlap Dirac operator in the deconfined phase of quenched gauge theory is known to have three parts: exact zeros arising from topology, small nonzero eigenvalues that result in a non-zero chiral condensate, and the dense bulk of the spectrum, which is separated from the small eigenvalues by a gap. In this paper, we focus on the small nonzero eigenvalues in an SU(2) gauge field background at $β=2.4$ and $N_T=4$. This low-lying spectrum is computed on four different spatial lattices ($12^3$, $14^3$, $16^3$, and $18^3$). As the volume increases, the small eigenvalues become increasingly concentrated near zero in such a way as to strongly suggest that the infinite volume condensate diverges.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in Physical Review D
MOESM6 of Concurrent genome and epigenome editing by CRISPR-mediated sequence replacement
Creators: name: Alexander, Jes
name: Findlay, Gregory
name: Kircher, Martin
name: Shendure, Jay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S5. Percentage of reads with an indel at positions along the PacBio sequenced region, broken down by selection status (pre-selection and mock selected vs. 6-TG selected) and allele methylation type (methylated vs. unmethylated alleles). Similar criteria for inclusion of reads as in Fig. 2a and Fig. 3a were used to generate this figure (perfect match on the allele-defining SNVs and the surrounding portion of exon 1). Red arrowheads indicate the CRISPR/Cas9 cut sites. The purple bar marks the region of exon 1 surrounding the allele-defining SNVs. The distribution of indels is highest at the CRISPR/Cas9 cut sites, but many reads have indels extending into the CpG island as well. In particular, 6-TG selected unmethylated alleles (lower left panel) have higher percentages of large indel events extending into the CpG island.
Molecular cloud distances based on the MWISP CO survey and Gaia DR2
Creators: name: Yan, Qing-Zeng
name: Yang, Ji
name: Sun, Yan
name: Su, Yang
name: Xu, Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method of calculating distances of molecular clouds in the Galactic plane, using CO observations and the Gaia DR2 parallax and G-band extinction ($A_G$) measurements. Due to the complexity of dust environments in the Galactic plane, $A_G$ contains irregular variations, which is difficult to model. To overcome this difficulty, we propose that the $A_G$ of off-cloud stars (Gaia stars around molecular clouds) can be used as a baseline to calibrate the $A_G$ of on-cloud stars (Gaia stars toward molecular clouds), which removes the $A_G$ components that are unrelated to molecular clouds. The distance is subsequently inferred from the jump point in on-cloud $A_G$ with Bayesian analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. We applied this baseline subtraction method to a 100 square degree region (209.75° $\leq$ l $\leq$ 219.75° and |b| $\leq$ 5°) in the third Galactic quadrant, which was mapped as part of the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) project, covering three CO isotopologue lines, and derived distances and masses for 11 molecular clouds, including the Maddalena molecular cloud and Sh 2-287. The results indicate that the distance of the Perseus Arm in this region is about 2.4 kpc and molecular clouds are present in the interarm regions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 16 pages and 8 figures, extra 10 figures appended
Imaging for Cultural Heritage - experiences from MSCA ITN project CHANGE
Creators: name: Hardeberg, Jon Yngve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Heritage Science
Cultural Heritage
MSCA

description: These slides were presented at the HS Academy workshop titled "Working Group on Research Infrastructures and Heritage Science Career Paths," organized jointly by the IPERION HS and E-RIHS projects. The presentation was held in Bologna on January 25, 2024.