cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Μελέτη τεχνολογιών υποβρυχίων ασύρματων επικοινωνιών, επισκόπηση του διαδικτύου των υποθαλάσσιων πραγμάτων (IoUT) και μελλοντικές τεχνολογικές προοπτικές

Creators: name: Μπαλιας Χρηστος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Περισσότερο από το 75% της επιφάνειας της Γης καλύπτεται από νερό υπό τη μορφή ωκεανών οι οποίοι δεν έχουν εισέτι εξερευνηθεί από τον άνθρωπο καθόσον υφίσταται πλήθος φυσικών φαινομένων και δραστηριοτήτων στο υποβρύχιο περιβάλλον που δυσκολεύουν τη διαδικασία αυτή. Οι υποβρύχιες ασύρματες επικοινωνίες (UWC) διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην παρατήρηση της θαλάσσιας ζωής, της ρύπανσης των υδάτων και των φυσικών καταστροφικών φαινομένων (λ.χ. σεισμοί), στην εξερεύνηση περιοχών αποθεμάτων πετρελαίου και αερίου, στην παρακολούθηση των μεταβολών στο υποβρύχιο περιβάλλον και τέλος στην εφαρμογή ναυτικών τακτικών επιχειρήσεων και συγκεκριμένα στην παράκτια προστασία και ασφάλεια. Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα, η ευρεία υιοθέτηση των υποβρύχιων ασύρματων επικοινωνιών έχει καταστεί βασικό πεδίο μελέτης προς την πρόβλεψη διάφορων στρατιωτικών και εμπορικών εφαρμογών που στρέφουν το ενδιαφέρον τους προς την εξερεύνηση του υποβρύχιου περιβάλλοντος. Οι συχνότητες που έχουν επιλεγεί για τη μετάδοση δεδομένων στο υποβρύχιο περιβάλλον αφορούν στα ακουστικά, οπτικά κύματα και σε ορισμένες ειδικές περιπτώσεις σε συνδυασμό με ραδιοκύματα τα οποία αναλύονται και συγκρίνονται στη διατριβή αυτή. Επιπρόσθετα το διαδίκτυο των υποβρύχιων αντικειμένων (IoUT) και το ασύρματο δίκτυο πέμπτης γενιάς (5G) έχουν μεγάλο αντίκτυπο στις υποβρύχιες ασύρματες επικοινωνίες καθώς δύναται να παρακολουθούνται και ελέγχονται μεγάλες ανεξερεύνητες θαλάσσιες περιοχές ενώ παράλληλα υποστηρίζουν την αύξηση του ρυθμού δεδομένων, την βελτίωση της συνδεσιμότητας και της ενεργειακής απόδοσης. Προς τούτο συνεπικουρούν τα δίκτυα υποθαλάσσιων αισθητήρων συγκεντρώνοντας και καταγράφοντας δεδομένα από το θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον δίνοντάς μας την ευκαιρία να επεξεργαστούμε τις πληροφορίες αυτές προς όφελός μας, εντός ενός μεγάλου εύρους εφαρμογών. Τέλος, σε αυτή τη διατριβή παρουσιάζονται οι αναδυόμενες υποθαλάσσιες τεχνολογίες με τις οποίες επιτυγχάνεται ενεργειακή αυτονομία, η εφαρμογή ολοένα και περισσοτέρων real-time δραστηριοτήτων και υψηλής ποιότητας και ταχύτητας μετάδοση και επεξεργασία δεδομένων.
Towards a Holistic Approach: Understanding Sociodemographic Biases in NLP Models using an Interdisciplinary Lens
Creators: name: Venkit, Pranav Narayanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid growth in the usage and applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in various sociotechnical solutions has highlighted the need for a comprehensive understanding of bias and its impact on society. While research on bias in NLP has expanded, several challenges persist that require attention. These include the limited focus on sociodemographic biases beyond race and gender, the narrow scope of analysis predominantly centered on models, and the technocentric implementation approaches. This paper addresses these challenges and advocates for a more interdisciplinary approach to understanding bias in NLP. The work is structured into three facets, each exploring a specific aspect of bias in NLP.
(2720) Arthur Leopold Arundel
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Accurate approximations for nonlinear vibrations
Creators: name: Elliott, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nonlinear vibrations, reduced-order modelling.

description: As global issues such as climate change and overpopulation continue to grow, the role of the engineer is forced to adapt. The general population now places an emphasis not only on the performance of a mechanical system, but also the efficiency with which this can be achieved. In pushing these structures to their maximum efficiency, a number of design and engineering challenges can arise. In particular, the occurrence of geometric nonlinearities can lead to failures in the linear modelling techniques that have traditionally been used. The aim of this thesis is to increase the understanding of a number of widely-used, nonlinear methods, so that they may eventually be used with the same ease and confidence as traditional linear techniques. A key theme throughout this work is the notion that nonlinear behaviour is typically approximated in some way, rather than finding exact solutions. This is not to say that exact solutions cannot be found, but rather that the process of doing so, or the solutions themselves, can be prohibitively complicated. Across the techniques considered, there is a desire to accurately predict the frequency-amplitude relationship, whether this be for the free or forced response of the system. Analytical techniques can be used to produce insight that may be inaccessible through the use of numerical methods, though they require assumptions to be made about the structure. In this thesis, a number of these methods are compared in terms of their accuracy and their usability, so that the influence of the aforementioned assumptions can be understood. Frequency tuning is then used to bring the solutions from three prominent methods in line with one another. The Galerkin method is used to project a continuous beam model into a discrete set of modal equations, as is the traditional method for treating such a system. Motivated by microscale beam structures, an updated approach for incorporating nonlinear boundary conditions is developed. This methodology is then applied to two example structures to demonstrate the importance of this procedure in developing accurate solutions. The discussion is expanded to consider non-intrusive reduced-order modelling techniques, which are typically applied to systems developed with commercial finite element software. By instead applying these methods to an analytical nonlinear system, it is possible to compare the approximated results with exact analytical solutions. This allows a number of observations to be made regarding their application to real structures, noting a number of situations in which the static cases applied or the software itself may influence the solution accuracy.
Irish Diaspora Politics: The West Riding of Yorkshire, 1879-1886
Creators: name: Maguire, Andrew
Publisher: name: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies
Year: 2019

description: This article seeks to explore the Irish migrants’ political experience within the geographical confines of the West Riding of Yorkshire during several key election campaigns during the period 1879-86. The focus will be on the constitutional, or moral force, philosophy of Irish nationalism in its diasporic/external context. The central aim is to explore how Irish migrants engaged in political activism in the pursuit of legislative independence for the homeland under the banner of Irish Home Rule. Attention will focus on specific parliamentary election contests where Irish Home Rule became the dominant platform. This will be achieved through an analysis of the Home Rule Confederation & Irish National Leagues of Great Britain and its activities as a political “fifth column” operating in the industrial heartlands of Yorkshire.
description: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 9 No. 9 (2019): Whose Homelands? Fictions, Facts and Questions of the Irish Diaspora
Impacts of seasonality and nutrients on microbial mat community structure and function
Creators: name: Fitzpatrick, M.
name: Paerl, H. W.
name: Pinckney, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: To understand the mechanisms responsible for seasonal fluctuations in growth and N2 fixation in intertidal microbial mat communties, we quantified seasonal changes in mat community composition, related these changes to diel and seasonal N2 fixation rates, and evaluated community responses (growth, N2 fixation, composition) to long-term (22 d) nutrient addition bioassays. A temperate intertidal cyanobacterial mat community, located in coastal North Carolina, USA, was sampled at monthly intervals for 1 yr (1993–94) to determine changes in community composition. The abundances of major phototrophic groups were quantified based on the relative concentrations of taxaspecific photopigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids). The most abundant phototrophs were cyanobacteria, diatoms, and photosynthetic bacteria. Mat biomass and community composition underwent marked changes on both monthly and seasonal scales and corresponded with seasonal shifts in the diel patterns of N2 fixation. Diatom biomass increased during periods of low N2 fixation. Nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) addition bioassays indicated that both cyanobacterial and diatom growth were N limited. Cyanobacteria were able to circumvent N limitation by N2 fixation. The addition of high concentrations of N (100 μM NaNO3) in combination with P (100 μM NaH2PO4) resulted in an increase (163%) in the relative abundance of diatoms. The addition of P alone more than doubled N2 fixation rates and cyanobacterial abundance increased (+34%) relative to diatoms. However, N and NP additions significantly lowered (by more than 75%) N2 fixation rates. Here we show that manipulative experiments, together with quantitative assessments of community composition based on chemotaxonomic pigments, can provide useful insights into the mechanisms that relate mat community structure and function to environmental constraints, including nutrient limitation and seasonal climatic changes.
Prospects and Perceived Challenges of Information Communication Technology Curricula Implementation in Smart Green Schools in Enugu Educational Zone, Enugu, Nigeria
Creators: name: Nnadozie,, Ogbonna A. K. (Ph. D.),
name: Egudu,, Jonathan
name: Ugwu,, Anthonia
name: Dim,, Celestina
Publisher: name: GO JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Smart green school initiative, ICT curriculum implementation, prospects, challenges, intervening factors

description: This descriptive survey research was conducted in the Enugu Educational Zone, Enugu State, to explore the perceived prospects and challenges associated with implementing the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) curriculum in the Smart Green School Initiative. The study employed a multi-stage sampling method. Initially, five primary and five junior secondary schools were randomly selected from each of the Enugu North, Enugu East, and Isi Uzo Local Government Areas (LGAs), resulting in a total of 15 primary and 15 junior secondary schools. In the second stage, stratified sampling was used to select Primary Six and Junior Secondary Three (JSS3) classes from these schools. Finally, three pupils, three students, and three teachers were randomly chosen from each selected class, leading to a total of 180 respondents across the three LGAs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, particularly percentages. Key challenges identified include the high cost of ICT facilities, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient electricity supply. However, the prospects are promising, with benefits such as the effective use of artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning, enhanced classroom activities, increased collaborative work, improved motivation for both learners and teachers and the promotion of critical and creative thinking. The study concludes that while there are significant challenges, the potential benefits of ICT curriculum implementation in the proposed Smart Green School Initiative are substantial. Recommendations include strengthening ICT programs, installing supportive power supplies like solar panels, and training staff and students to ensure effective ICT curriculum implementation
Constraining Big Bang lithium production with recent solar neutrino data
Creators: name: Takács, Marcell P.
name: Bemmerer, Daniel
name: Szücs, Tamás
name: Zuber, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 3He(α,γ)7Be reaction affects not only the production of 7Li in Big Bang nucleosynthesis, but also the fluxes of 7Be and 8B neutrinos from the Sun. This double role is exploited here to constrain the former by the latter. A number of recent experiments on 3He(α,γ)7Be provide precise cross section data at E = 0.5-1.0 MeV center-of-mass energy. However, there is a scarcity of precise data at Big Bang energies, 0.1-0.5 MeV, and below. This problem can be alleviated, based on precisely calibrated 7Be and 8B neutrino fluxes from the Sun that are now available, assuming the neutrino flavour oscillation framework to be correct. These fluxes and the standard solar model are used here to determine the 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be astrophysical S-factor at the solar Gamow peak, S(23+6-5 keV) = 0.548+/-0.054 keVb. This new data point is then included in a re-evaluation of the 3He(α,γ)7Be S-factor at Big Bang energies, following an approach recently developed for this reaction in the context of solar fusion studies. The re-evaluated S-factor curve is then used to re-determine the 3He(α,γ)7Be thermonuclear reaction rate at Big Bang energies. The predicted primordial lithium abundance is 7Li/H = 5.0e-10, far higher than the Spite plateau.
description: Final accepted version, some typos corrected, in the press at Phys. Rev. D
Nonthermal hydrogen loss at Mars: Contributions of photochemical mechanisms to escape and identification of key processes
Creators: name: Gregory, Bethan S.
name: Chaffin, Michael S.
name: Elliott, Rodney D.
name: Deighan, Justin
name: Gröller, Hannes
name: Cangi, Eryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen loss to space is a key control on the evolution of the Martian atmosphere and the desiccation of the red planet. Thermal escape is thought to be the dominant loss process, but both forward modeling studies and remote sensing observations have indicated the presence of a second, higher-temperature "nonthermal" or "hot" hydrogen component, some fraction of which also escapes. Exothermic reactions and charge/momentum exchange processes produce hydrogen atoms with energy above the escape energy, but H loss via many of these mechanisms has never been studied, and the relative importance of thermal and nonthermal escape at Mars remains uncertain. Here we estimate hydrogen escape fluxes via 47 mechanisms, using newly-developed escape probability profiles. We find that HCO$^+$ dissociative recombination is the most important of the mechanisms, accounting for 30-50% of the nonthermal escape. The reaction CO$_2^+$ + H$_2$ is also important, producing roughly as much escaping H as momentum exchange between hot O and H. Total nonthermal escape from the mechanisms considered amounts to 39% (27%) of thermal escape, for low (high) solar activity. Our escape probability profiles are applicable to any thermospheric hot H production mechanism and can be used to explore seasonal and longer-term variations, allowing for a deeper understanding of desiccation drivers over various timescales. We highlight the most important mechanisms and suggest that some may be important at Venus, where nonthermal escape dominates and much of the literature centers on charge exchange reactions, which do not result in significant escape in this study.
description: 47 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Accepted manuscript. An edited version of this paper was published by AGU
Irish Diaspora, Cultural Activism and Print Media in Transatlantic Contexts between Ireland and North America c. 1857-1887
Creators: name: Lyons, Fiona
Publisher: name: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies
Year: 2019

description: This paper examines ideas, concepts, and theories, in relation to the revival of the Irish language as a transatlantic venture c.1857-1887 focusing on print media and cultural organisations in the United States. The study of these forums in the context of the Irish language revival allows us to assess theories and methodologies relating to the media’s role in a transatlantic context. It demonstrates the transcending of the Irish language across transnational borders, the creation of debate and discussion in a hybrid community public sphere, and the role print media, and media events, played in constructing this transatlantic and transnational community, highlighting that movements in the US and Ireland influenced one another in the context of ideology, methodology and organisation.
description: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 9 No. 9 (2019): Whose Homelands? Fictions, Facts and Questions of the Irish Diaspora
Second-order coherence of fluorescence in multi-photon blockade
Creators: name: Mavrogordatos, Th. K.
name: Lledó, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the second-order correlation function for the atomic fluorescence in the two-photon resonance operation of a driven dissipative Jaynes-Cummings oscillator. We employ a minimal four-level model comprising the driven two-photon transition alongside two intermediate states visited in the dissipative cascaded process, in the spirit of [S. S. Shamailov et al., Opt. Commun. 283, 766 (2010)]. We point to the difference between the output of a JC oscillator exhibiting two-photon blockade and the scattered field of ordinary resonance fluorescence, and discuss the quantum interference effect involving the intermediate states, which is also captured in the axially transmitted light. The spectrum and intensity correlation of atomic emission explicitly reflect the particulars of the cascaded model.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 15 references, corrected a sign error in Eq. (27)
Two Diasporic Moments in Irish Emigration History: The Famine Generation and the Contemporary Era
Creators: name: Kenny, Kevin
Publisher: name: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies
Year: 2019

description: In some usages “diaspora” refers to a social process (relocation or migration) and in others to a social entity (a migrant group or ethnic group). Both approaches require scholars to define diaspora, but the criteria often seem arbitrary. Rather than posing a timeless question (“What is a diaspora?”), this article examines diaspora as an idea that people use to interpret the world migration creates. Diaspora in this sense reached its peak historical significance for Ireland in two distinct periods, but for quite different reasons: the era of the Great Famine, when mass emigration gave rise to a powerful transnational sense of exile; and the era since the 1980s, when changes in the academy, popular culture, communications, and especially government policy produced a new sense of connectedness among the global Irish.
description: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 9 No. 9 (2019): Whose Homelands? Fictions, Facts and Questions of the Irish Diaspora
Spectral and spatial imaging of the Be+sdO binary phi Persei
Creators: name: Mourard, D.
name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Meilland, A.
name: Gies, D.
name: Millour, F.
name: Benisty, M.
name: Che, X.
name: Grundstrom, E. D.
name: Ligi, R.
name: Schaefer, G.
name: Baron, F.
name: Kraus, S.
name: Zhao, M.
name: Pedretti, E.
name: Berio, P.
name: Clausse, J. M.
name: Nardetto, N.
name: Perraut, K.
name: Spang, A.
name: Stee, P.
name: Tallon-Bosc, I.
name: McAlister, H.
name: Brummelaar, T. ten
name: Ridgway, S. T.
name: Sturmann, J.
name: Sturmann, L.
name: Turner, N.
name: Farrington, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapidly rotating Be star phi Persei was spun up by mass and angular momentum transfer from a now stripped-down, hot subdwarf companion. Here we present the first high angular resolution images of phi Persei made possible by new capabilities in longbaseline interferometry at near-IR and visible wavelengths. We observed phi Persei with the MIRC and VEGA instruments of the CHARA Array. Additional MIRC-only observations were performed to track the orbital motion of the companion, and these were fit together with new and existing radial velocity measurements of both stars to derive the complete orbital elements and distance. The hot subdwarf companion is clearly detected in the near-IR data at each epoch of observation with a flux contribution of 1.5% in the H band, and restricted fits indicate that its flux contribution rises to 3.3% in the visible. A new binary orbital solution is determined by combining the astrometric and radial velocity measurements. The derived stellar masses are 9.6+-0.3Msol and 1.2+-0.2Msol for the Be primary and subdwarf secondary, respectively. The inferred distance (186 +- 3 pc), kinematical properties, and evolutionary state are consistent with membership of phi Persei in the alpha Per cluster. From the cluster age we deduce significant constraints on the initial masses and evolutionary mass transfer processes that transformed the phi Persei binary system. The interferometric data place strong constraints on the Be disk elongation, orientation, and kinematics, and the disk angular momentum vector is coaligned with and has the same sense of rotation as the orbital angular momentum vector. The VEGA visible continuum data indicate an elongated shape for the Be star itself, due to the combined effects of rapid rotation, partial obscuration of the photosphere by the circumstellar disk, and flux from the bright inner disk.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 1 Annex
Supplementary materials S3 - S9 from Whole-body photoreceptor networks are independent of ‘lenses’ in brittle stars
Creators: name: Sumner-Rooney, Lauren
name: Rahman, Imran A.
name: Sigwart, Julia D.
name: Ullrich-Lüter, Esther
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Arm segment from Ophiocoma pumila. Use left-click to rotate, Ctrl+click to pan, and shift+click to zoom. Default view is the dorsal surface.
Supplementary materials S2 from Whole-body photoreceptor networks are independent of ‘lenses’ in brittle stars
Creators: name: Sumner-Rooney, Lauren
name: Rahman, Imran A.
name: Sigwart, Julia D.
name: Ullrich-Lüter, Esther
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Arm segment from Ophiocoma echinata. Use left-click to rotate, Ctrl+click to pan, and shift+click to zoom. Default view is the dorsal surface.
Whose Homelands? Facts, Fictions and Questions of the Irish Diaspora. Introduction
Creators: name: Salis, Loredana
Publisher: name: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies
Year: 2019

description: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 9 No. 9 (2019): Whose Homelands? Fictions, Facts and Questions of the Irish Diaspora
Responses of temperate reef fishes to alterations in algal structure and species composition
Creators: name: Levin, Phillip S.
name: Hay, Mark E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Reef habitats in the South Atlantic Bight comprise only a small proportion of the available benthic habitat, but support enormous densities of fishes, invertebrates, and algae. Because these reefs are distant from shore and in deeper waters (usually >20 m), we know very little about the factors affecting the distribution of fishes or the structure of fish assemblages on these reefs. Our goal in this study was to determine how variance in macroalgal structure and species composition on reefs off the coast of North Carolina affects reef fishes. Manipulations of algal density and species composition in artificially created 1.5 m2 plots indicated that: (1) patches with Sargassum filipendula had greater numbers and higher species richness of reef fishes than patches without algae; (2) fishes responded to variability in Sargassum density with high fish abundance in patches with higher algal density, but this response varied among fish species; (3) greater numbers of individuals and species of fish used Sargassum patches compared to patches of 2 other brown algae common in this region (Zonaria and Dictyopteris); (4) fish densities were higher in patches with taller algae and greater percent cover of algae. Many of the fishes using experimental patches were small, young-of-the-year individuals. Our results indicate that variability in the structure of seaweed beds on reefs in the South Atlantic Bight can influence the distribution and abundance of reef fishes. Although the algal beds in the South Atlantic Bight are more diminutive and less extensive than kelp beds of cold temperate waters, they may be a critical habitat for juvenile reef fishes in this region, and the algal species dominating the beds will have a large effect on their value as juvenile habitat.
Spin-Transistor Action via Tunable Landau-Zener Transitions
Creators: name: Betthausen, C.
name: Dollinger, Tobias
name: Saarikoski, Henri
name: Kolkovsky, V.
name: Karczewski, G.
name: Wojtowicz, T.
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: spin transport, adiabatic, spin transistor, CdMnTe, giant Zeeman effect
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 600 Technik

description: Spin-transistor designs relying on spin-orbit interaction suffer from low signal levels resulting from low spin-injection efficiency and fast spin decay. Here, we present an alternative approach in which spin information is protected by propagating this information adiabatically. We demonstrate the validity of our approach in a cadmium manganese telluride diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum well structure in which efficient spin transport is observed over device distances of 50 micrometers. The device is turned “off” by introducing diabatic Landau-Zener transitions that lead to a backscattering of spins, which are controlled by a combination of a helical and a homogeneous magnetic field. In contrast to other spin-transistor designs, we find that our concept is tolerant against disorder.
(2721) Matilda Sarah Jane [Arundel]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Tom Murphy: il trionfo del Sì alla vita, al di là del ricordo con rabbia e dell’angoscia
Creators: name: Barone, Rosangela
Publisher: name: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies
Year: 2019

description: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 9 No. 9 (2019): Whose Homelands? Fictions, Facts and Questions of the Irish Diaspora
title: Folds, fields, and fauna: A Deleuzo-Guattarian approach to the socialising power of religious experiences in Ancient Near Eastern landscapes
Creators: name: Erskine, Neil D. A.
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: archaeology, ancient near east, landscape, socialisation, Deleuze, Guattari, Levant, Israel, Anatolia, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Syria.

description: Archaeological approaches to socialisation are underdeveloped. As interpretative models are most often borrowed from other disciplines, rather than developed with a material-focus at their centre, archaeologists are left without effective object-centred frameworks with which to examine how individuals interacted with and learnt about their world. This thesis addresses these issues with a new approach, drawing upon Giles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, who offer many analytical tools that can directly connect highly theoretical interpretations of ancient societies to archaeological data. By stressing how humans understand the world through their accumulated previous experiences, Deleuze and Guattari direct the archaeologist to consider how identifiable human interactions with objects and places informed their subsequent experiences, and therefore their developing perceptions of their surroundings. This approach is tested against three case studies, in the 3rd Millennium Jazira, 2nd Millennium Anatolia, and 1st Millennium Southern Levant, that stress the intersection of landscapes and religious practice, both of which are frequently highlighted as powerful agents of socialisation. The varying forms and resolutions available for these case studies allow for a comprehensive exploration of a Deleuzo-Guattarian framework’s effectiveness in reconstructing and understanding ancient experiences of the world, and new interpretations of how ancient individuals both shaped and were shaped by their experiences of religiously-loaded landscapes.
Effects of Reducing Heat Treatment on the Structural and the Magnetic Properties of Mn:ZnO Ceramics
Creators: name: Lage, V. M. Almeida
name: da Silva, R. T.
name: Mesquita, A.
name: de Godoy, M. P. F.
name: Gratens, X.
name: Chitta, d V. A.
name: de Carvalho, H. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polycrystalline bulk Mn:ZnO ceramics with Mn nominal concentrations of 6, 11, 17 and 22 at.% were prepared trough solid-state reaction method and subjected to a heat treatment in reducing atmosphere (Ar (95%) and H2 (5%)). The samples were studied with particular emphasis on their compositions, structural, and magnetic properties. A detailed microstructural and chemical analysis confirms the Mn doping of the wurtzite ZnO structure mainly at the surface of the ZnO grains. For the samples with higher Mn content, the secondary phases ZnMn2O4 and Mn1-xZnxO (Zn-doped MnO) were detected for the as prepared and the heat treated samples, respectively. The structural change of the secondary phases under heat treatment, from ZnMn2O4 to Mn1-xZnxO, confirms the effectiveness of the heat treatment in to reduce the valence of the metallic ions and in the formation of oxygen vacancies into the system. In spite of the induced defects, the magnetic analysis present only a paramagnetic behavior with an antiferromagnetic coupling between the Mn ions. In the context of the bound magnetic polaron theory, it is concluded that oxygen vacancies are not the necessary defect to promote the desired ferromagnetic order at room temperature.
description: 19 pages; 7 figures
Chemical defense among hydroids on pelagic Sargassum:predator deterrence and absorption of solar UV radiation by secondary metabolites
Creators: name: Lindquist, Niels
name: Stachowicz, John J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: The pelagic Sargassum community of the western Atlantic Ocean is species rich, with high densities of predatory fishes and invertebrates living in close association with the floating seaweed. Little, however, is known about predator-prey interactions among Sargassum inhabitants and the factors that might help maintain this species richness. To assess how predators may affect the abundance of sessile Sargassum epiphytes, and how these epiphytes may defend themselves against predators, we examined interactions between the most abundant small predator associated with Sargassum mats, the filefish Monacanthus hispidus, and 4 epiphytic hydroid species. This fish was the only Sargassum-associated predator to significantly consume hydroids in initial assays. When filefish were given a simultaneous choice of all 4 hydroid species, they consumed 40 to 45% of 3 species (Clytia noliformis, Aglaophenia latecarinata, and Tridentata turbinata), but consumed less than 5% of the fourth species, Tridentata marginata. Filefish consistently rejected small portions of T. marginata colonies, but consumed a palatable control food. Bioassay-guided fractionation of T. marginata extract resulted in the isolation of a single deterrent secondary metabolite, tridentatol A. Three additional metabolites (tridentatols B to D) had no effect on filefish feeding. In addition to the defensive role of tridentatol A, the tridentatols (A to D) strongly absorb damaging solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus may function as sunscreens. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of chemical defenses among the pelagic Sargassum fauna, and the first report that a hydroid secondary metabolite deters consumers. Prey chemical defenses are an important factor in maintaining species richness in many predator-rich communities, but despite being chemically defended from predators, T. marginata was far less abundant than any of the other, more palatable, hydroids. The factors that allow high-preference hydroids to persist in such a predator-rich community remain unknown.
Unusual A2142 supercluster with a collapsing core: distribution of light and mass
Creators: name: Einasto, Maret
name: Gramann, Mirt
name: Saar, Enn
name: Liivamagi, Lauri Juhan
name: Tempel, Elmo
name: Nevalainen, Jukka
name: Heinamaki, Pekka
name: Park, Changbom
name: Einasto, Jaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the distribution, masses, and dynamical properties of galaxy groups in the A2142 supercluster. We analyse the global luminosity density distribution in the supercluster and divide the supercluster into the high-density core and the low-density outskirts regions. We find galaxy groups and filaments in the regions of different global density, calculate their masses and mass-to-light ratios and analyse their dynamical state with several 1D and 3D statistics. We use the spherical collapse model to study the dynamical state of the supercluster. We show that in A2142 supercluster groups and clusters with at least ten member galaxies lie along an almost straight line forming a 50 Mpc/h long main body of the supercluster. The A2142 supercluster has a very high density core surrounded by lower-density outskirt regions. The total estimated mass of the supercluster is M_est = 6.2 10^{15}M_sun. More than a half of groups with at least ten member galaxies in the supercluster lie in the high-density core of the supercluster, centered at the rich X-ray cluster A2142. Most of the galaxy groups in the core region are multimodal. In the outskirts of the supercluster, the number of groups is larger than in the core, and groups are poorer. The orientation of the cluster A2142 axis follows the orientations of its X-ray substructures and radio halo, and is aligned along the supercluster axis. The high-density core of the supercluster with the global density D8 > 17 and perhaps with D8 > 13 may have reached the turnaround radius and started to collapse. A2142 supercluster with luminous, collapsing core and straight body is an unusual object among galaxy superclusters. In the course of the future evolution the supercluster may be split into several separate systems.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press. References updated
(2717) William Fitzalan Arundel
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the Boundary of the Cosmos
Creators: name: Linford, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intuitively, the totality of physical reality -- the Cosmos -- has a beginning only if (i) all parts of the Cosmos agree on the direction of time (the Direction Condition) and (ii) there is a boundary to the past of all non-initial spacetime points such that there are no spacetime points to the past of the boundary (the Boundary Condition). Following a distinction previously introduced by J. Brian Pitts, the Boundary Condition can be conceived of in two distinct ways: either topologically, i.e., in terms of a closed boundary, or metrically, i.e., in terms of the Cosmos having a finite past. This article proposes that the Boundary Condition should be posed disjunctively, modifies and improves upon the metrical conception of the Cosmos's beginning in light of a series of surprising yet simple thought experiments, and suggests that the Direction and Boundary Conditions should be thought of as more fundamental to the concept of the Cosmos's beginning than classical Big Bang cosmology.
description: 47 pages
Interactive session on Individualism Vs Collectivism
Creators: name: Jha, Sneha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Sarswati Puja special student council activities
description: Students' Council of MBM College organised an interactive session on Individualism Vs Collectivism in collaboration with Students for Liberty on 6th of February, 2023. The program was attended by BA and BBM students and the session was facilitated by Senior Program Coordinators Ms. Ichchha Khatiwada and Mr. Aadarsh khatiwada. The interactive session on Individualism Vs Collectivism was attended by 45 students. The session started off with the students seating in a round discussion circle and Ms. Khatiwada presented a presentation about what Students for Liberty and its impact. Then the session was handled by Mr. Aadarsh Khatiwada who started off with some fun informal questions leading up to the philosophical theory behind Individualism and Collectivism. The session was carried out in the form of group discussion where students shared their view on Individualism Vs Collectivism. The resulting discussion made students brainstorm whether they leaned more on Individualism side or the latter one. Students had an interesting new experience on looking at the same things with different perspectives. The session which started from 8 a.m. lasted for 2 hours followed up with Certificate distribution session and Hi-Tea. With some group photos the insightful session came to an end and students vowed to study more about the theory of Individualism and Collectivism.
Ecosystem responses to internal and watershed organic matter loading:consequences for hypoxia in the eutrophying Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA
Creators: name: Peierls, Benjamin L.
name: Pinckney, James L.
name: Fear, John M.
name: Paerl, Hans W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The contrasting impacts of externally supplied (runoff) and internally generated (nutrient-stimulated phytoplankton blooms) organic matter on oxygen (02) depletion were examined and evalu-ated in the eutrophic, salinity-stratified Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. This nitrogen (N)-limited estuary is experiencing increasing anthropogenic N loading from expanding urban, agricultural and industrial development in its watershed. Resultant algal blooms, which provided organic matter loads capable of causing extensive low O2 (hypoxic) and depleted O2 (anoxic) condi-tions, have induced widespread mortality of resident fin-and shellfish. Phytoplankton blooms followed periods of elevated N loading, except during extremely high runoff periods (e.g. hurricanes), when high rates of flushing and reduced water residence times did not allow sufficient time for bloom devel-opment. During these periods, hypoxia and anoxia were dominated by watershed-derived organic mat-ter loading. Externally vs internally generated organic matter loading scenarios were examined in sequential years (1994 to 1996) to compare the differential impacts of an average discharge year (l 0 yr mean hydrological conditions) (1994), N-stimulated summer algal blooms [1995), and a major hurricane (Fran; September 1996). The responses of primary production, hypoxia, and anoxia to these hydrolog-ically contrasting years and resultant organic matter loadings help distinguish watershed from internal forcing of 0, dynamics and fish kills.
Temperature dependence of microbial degradation of organic matter in marine sediments:polysaccharide hydrolysis, oxygen consumption, and sulfate reduction
Creators: name: Sagemann, J.
name: Jørgensen, B. B.
name: Thamdrup, B.
name: Arnosti, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The temperature dependence of representative initial and terminal steps of organic carbon remineralization was measured at 2 temperate sites with annual temperature ranges of 0 to 30°C and 4 to 15°C and 2 Arctic sites with temperatures of 2.6 and –1.7°C. Slurried sediments were incubated in a temperature gradient block spanning a temperature range of ca 45°C. The initial step of organic carbon remineralization, macromolecule hydrolysis, was measured via the enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorescently labeled polysaccharides. The terminal steps of organic carbon remineralization were monitored through consumption of oxygen and reduction of 35SO42–. At each of the 4 sites, the temperature response of the initial step of organic carbon remineralization was similar to that of the terminal steps. Although optimum temperatures were always well above ambient environmental temperatures, optimum temperatures generally decreased with decreasing environmental temperatures. Activity at 5°C as a percentage of highest activity was highest in the Arctic sites and lowest in the warmest temperate site. The highest potential rates of substrate hydrolysis were measured in the Arctic, while the highest rates of oxygen consumption and sulfate reduction were measured at the warmest temperate site. Potential rates of extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis (at least for this class of pullulanase enzymes) do not appear to limit organic carbon turnover in the Arctic. These results suggest that organic carbon turnover in the cold Arctic is not intrinsically slower than carbon turnover in temperate environments; sedimentary metabolism in Arctic sediments may be controlled more by organic matter supply than by temperature.
Local and electronic structure of Sr1-xGdxTiO3 probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mesquita, Alexandre
name: Oliveira, Elio Thizay Magnavita
name: de Carvalho, Hugo Bonette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gadolinium-doped strontium titanate is a typical perovskite structure material which has been studied due their thermomechanical, termoelectrical and electrochemical properties. In this study, local and electronic structure of Sr1-xGdxTiO3 samples were analyzed through X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. The results obtained with the adjustment of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra at Sr K-edge show that crystallographic model of Pm-3m space group is consistent with local structure around Sr atoms, as expected. This same analysis also reveals an increasing of the Debye-Waller as a function of the Gd content in some shells, which is associated with disorder induced by Sr vacancies due to the heterovalent Gd incorporation. EXAFS spectra at Gd LIII-edge for Sr1-xGdxTiO3 samples indicates regular GdO12 dodecahedra without displacement of Gd atoms from centrosymmetric position. A disorder was also identified in the shells beyond the first 12 O neighbors in which neither the crystallographic cubic structure of the SrTiO3 nor the orthorhombic structure of the GdTiO3 fits well. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectrum at Ti LIII,II-edges shows an asymmetric peak because of the splitting between the eg orbitals of 3d band for SrTiO3 sample. The addition of Gd atoms to SrTiO3 structure cause an enlargement of this peak and this split is associated with a small displacement of Ti atoms from their centrosymmetric position. Several features of the XANES spectra at O k-edge for Sr1-xGdxTiO3 samples are affected by the increase of Gd concentration. According to our calculated projected density of states, these transitions are related to a reduction in the number of unoccupied O 2p - Ti 3d states caused by the split of Ti 3d band. Moreover, these XANES spectra also show a dependence of the increasing of the hybridization between O 2p and Gd 5d4f6s states.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Protective measurements of photon polarization using a temporal pointer
Creators: name: Chen, Meng-Wei
name: Young, Owen
name: Schlosshauer, Maximilian
name: Beck, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate protective measurements by weakly coupling the polarization of a single-photon-level field to a measurement pointer that corresponds to the arrival time of the photon. By using an optical loop, we implement a variable, controlled number (1-9) of protection and measurement stages. We demonstrate the measurement of expectation values of photon polarization by measuring arrival times while simultaneously protecting the polarization state. No knowledge of the initial photon state is required or available in our experiment, demonstrating that protective measurements provide a genuine information gain that cannot simply be reduced to a priori information about the protection procedure.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, identical to published version