cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DotHash: Estimating Set Similarity Metrics for Link Prediction and Document Deduplication
Creators: name: Nunes, Igor
name: Heddes, Mike
name: Vergés, Pere
name: Abraham, Danny
name: Veidenbaum, Alexander
name: Nicolau, Alexandru
name: Givargis, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Metrics for set similarity are a core aspect of several data mining tasks. To remove duplicate results in a Web search, for example, a common approach looks at the Jaccard index between all pairs of pages. In social network analysis, a much-celebrated metric is the Adamic-Adar index, widely used to compare node neighborhood sets in the important problem of predicting links. However, with the increasing amount of data to be processed, calculating the exact similarity between all pairs can be intractable. The challenge of working at this scale has motivated research into efficient estimators for set similarity metrics. The two most popular estimators, MinHash and SimHash, are indeed used in applications such as document deduplication and recommender systems where large volumes of data need to be processed. Given the importance of these tasks, the demand for advancing estimators is evident. We propose DotHash, an unbiased estimator for the intersection size of two sets. DotHash can be used to estimate the Jaccard index and, to the best of our knowledge, is the first method that can also estimate the Adamic-Adar index and a family of related metrics. We formally define this family of metrics, provide theoretical bounds on the probability of estimate errors, and analyze its empirical performance. Our experimental results indicate that DotHash is more accurate than the other estimators in link prediction and detecting duplicate documents with the same complexity and similar comparison time.
Submillimeter Array Observations of the Molecular Outflow in High-mass Star-forming Region G240.31+0.07
Creators: name: Qiu, Keping
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Wu, Jingwen
name: Chen, Huei-Ru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Submillimeter Array observations toward the 10^{4.7} Lsun star-forming region G240.31+0.07, in the J=2-1 transition of 12CO and 13CO and at 1.3 mm continuum, as well as the 12CO and 13CO observations from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory to recover the extended emission filtered out by the interferometer. Maps of the 12CO and 13CO emission show a bipolar, wide-angle, quasi-parabolic molecular outflow, roughly coincident with an IR nebula revealed by the Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 micron emission. The outflow has ~98 Msun molecular gas, making it one of the most massive molecular outflows known, and resulting in a very high mass-loss rate of 4.1 by 10^{-3} Msun yr^{-1} over a dynamical timescale of 2.4 by 10^4 yr. The 1.3 mm continuum observations with a 4" by 3" beam reveal a flattened dusty envelope of ~150 Msun, which is further resolved with a 1.2" by 1" beam into three dense cores with a total mass of ~40 Msun. The central mm core, showing evidence of active star formation, approximately coincides with the geometric center of the bipolar outflow thus most likely harbors the powering source of the outflow. Overall our observations provide the best case to date of a well-defined wide-angle molecular outflow in a >10^4 Lsun star-forming region. The outflow is morphologically and kinematically similar to low-mass protostellar outflows but has two to three orders of magnitude greater mass, momentum, and energy, and is apparently driven by an underlying wide-angle wind, hence further supports that high-mass stars up to late-O types, even in a crowded clustering environment, can form as a scaled-up version of low-mass star formation.
description: accepted for publication in the ApJ
Gerbes, Holonomy Forms and Real Structures
Creators: name: Wang, Shuguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58A05; 14F05; 57R20

description: We study geometry on real gerbes in the spirit of Cheeger-Simons theory. The concepts of adaptations and holonomy forms are introduced for flat connections on real gerbes. Their relations to complex gerbes with connections are presented, as well as results in loop and map spaces.
description: 22 pages
Parasitic noise from probes and struts in flows
Creators: name: Hoglund, Leif Erik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: When a fast-responding static pressure probe is inserted into a flow, there are several possible mechanisms for the generation of extraneous noise. If the probe signal is cross-correlated with the far field sound, then the "probe noise" may contribute a dominant fraction of the total correlatable noise in the source region. For a standard probe, there is likely to be contamination from the tip due to large fluctuating side forces, and from the stem, due to drag fluctuations. A theoretical model is suggested for predicting the distortion of "causality" correlation signatures (obtained when in-flow probes are cross-correlated with the far field sound), due to the probe tip contamination. The predicted shapes agree well with experiment. In the experimental investigations, the contaminated portion of the causality correlation signature is displaced in time from the "true" jet pressure correlation. The unexpected result is the absence of any significant jet pressure correlation. This leads to the conclusion that the extent of jet noise sources may be very small, so that probing devices inserted into the flow will generally produce a large portion of the total correlation.
Determination of the Interior Structure of Transiting Planets in Multiple-Planet Systems
Creators: name: Batygin, Konstantin
name: Bodenheimer, Peter
name: Laughlin, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal dissipation within a short-period transiting extrasolar planet perturbed by a companion object can drive orbital evolution of the system to a so-called tidal fixed point, in which the apsidal lines of the transiting planet and its perturber are aligned, and for which variations in the orbital eccentricities of both planet and perturber are damped out. Significant contributions to the apsidal precession rate are made by the secular planet-planet interaction, by general relativity, and by the gravitational quadropole fields created by the transiting planet's tidal and rotational distortions. The fixed-point orbital eccentricity of the inner planet is therefore a strong function of the planet's interior structure. We illustrate these ideas in the specific context of the recently discovered HAT-P-13 exo-planetary system, and show that one can already glean important insights into the physical properties of the inner transiting planet. We present structural models of the planet, which indicate that its observed radius can be maintained for a one-parameter sequence of models that properly vary core mass and tidal energy dissipation in the interior. We use an octopole-order secular theory of the orbital dynamics to derive the dependence of the inner planet's eccentricity, on its tidal Love number. We find that the currently measured eccentricity, implies 0.116 < k2_{b} < 0.425, 0 M_{Earth}
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters
Quantifying Nucleoporin Stoichiometry Inside Single Nuclear Pore Complexes In vivo
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
Escherichia coli
Gene Expression
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Nuclear Pore
Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins
Nuclear Proteins
Protein Multimerization
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

description: © 2015, Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is one of the largest supramolecular structures in eukaryotic cells. Its octagonal ring-scaffold perforates the nuclear envelope and features a unique molecular machinery that regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport. NPCs are composed of ∼30 different nucleoporins (Nups), averaged at 8, 16 or 32 copies per NPC. This estimate has not been confirmed for individual NPCs in living cells due to the inherent difficulty of counting proteins inside single supramolecular complexes. Here we used single-molecule SPEED microscopy to directly count the copy-number of twenty-four different Nups within individual NPCs of live yeast, and found agreement as well as significant deviation from previous estimates. As expected, we counted 8 copies of four peripheral Nups and 16 copies of fourteen scaffold Nups. Unexpectedly, we counted a maximum of 16 copies of Nsp1 and Nic96, rather than 32 as previously estimated; and found only 10-15 copies of six other Nups, rather than 8 or 16 copies as expected. This in situ molecular-counting technology can test structure-function models of NPCs and other supramolecular structures in cells.
Patterns of exposure to multiple metals and associations with neurodevelopment of preschool children from Montevideo, Uruguay
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Child Development
Child, Preschool
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants
Female
Hair
Humans
Infant
Male
Metals
Neuropsychological Tests
Uruguay

description: © 2015 Katarzyna Kordas et al. While it is known that toxic metals contribute individually to child cognitive and behavioral deficits, we still know little about the effects of exposure to multiple metals, particularly when exposures are low. We studied the association between children's blood lead and hair arsenic, cadmium, and manganese and their performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III. Ninety-two preschool children (age 13-42 months) from Montevideo, Uruguay, provided a hair sample and 78 had a blood lead level (BLL) measurement. Using latent class analysis (LCA), we identified four groups of exposure based on metal concentrations: (1) low metals, (2) low-to-moderate metals, (3) high lead and cadmium, and (4) high metals. Using the four-group exposure variable as the main predictor, and fitting raw scores on the cognitive, receptive vocabulary, and expressive vocabulary scales as dependent variables, both complete-case and multiple imputation (MI) analyses were conducted. We found no association between multiple-metal exposures and neurodevelopment in covariate-adjusted models. This study demonstrates the use of LCA together with MI to determine patterns of exposure to multiple toxic metals and relate these to child neurodevelopment. However, because the overall study population was small, other studies with larger sample sizes are needed to investigate these associations.
The muon g-2 discrepancy: new physics or a relatively light Higgs?
Creators: name: Passera, M.
name: Marciano, W. J.
name: Sirlin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a brief review of the muon g-2 status, we discuss hypothetical errors in the Standard Model prediction that might explain the present discrepancy with the experimental value. None of them seems likely. In particular, a hypothetical increase of the hadroproduction cross section in low-energy e+e- collisions could bridge the muon g-2 discrepancy, but it is shown to be unlikely in view of current experimental error estimates. If, nonetheless, this turns out to be the explanation of the discrepancy, then the 95% CL upper bound on the Higgs boson mass is reduced to about 135GeV which, in conjunction with the experimental 114.4GeV 95% CL lower bound, leaves a narrow window for the mass of this fundamental particle.
description: 6 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the PHIPSI09 Workshop, Oct 13-16, 2009, Beijing, China
Light nuclei quasiparticle energy shift in hot and dense nuclear matter
Creators: name: Röpke, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclei in dense matter are influenced by the medium. In the cluster mean field approximation, an effective Schrödinger equation for the $A$-particle cluster is obtained accounting for the effects of the correlated medium such as self-energy, Pauli blocking and Bose enhancement. Similar to the single-baryon states (free neutrons and protons), the light elements ($2 \le A \le 4$, internal quantum state $ν$) are treated as quasiparticles with energies $E_{A,ν}(\vec P; T, n_n,n_p)$. These energies depend on the center of mass momentum $\vec P$, as well as temperature $T$ and the total densities $n_n,n_p$ of neutrons and protons, respectively. No $β$ equilibrium is considered so that $n_n, n_p$ (or the corresponding chemical potentials $μ_n, μ_p$) are fixed independently. For the single nucleon quasiparticle energy shift, different approximate expressions such as Skyrme or relativistic mean field approaches are well known. Treating the $A$-particle problem in appropriate approximations, results for the cluster quasiparticle shifts are given. Properties of dense nuclear matter at moderate temperatures in the subsaturation density region considered here are influenced by the composition. This in turn is determined by the cluster quasiparticle energies, in particular the formation of clusters at low densities when the temperature decreases, and their dissolution due to Pauli blocking as the density increases. Our finite-temperature Green function approach covers different limiting cases: The low-density region where the model of nuclear statistical equilibrium and virial expansions can be applied, and the saturation density region where a mean field approach is possible.
Nucleolin antagonist triggers autophagic cell death in human glioblastoma primary cells and decreased in vivo tumor growth in orthotopic brain tumor model
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: glioblastoma
autophagy
targeted therapy

description: Nucleolin (NCL) is highly expressed in several types of cancer and represents an interesting therapeutic target. It is expressed at the plasma membrane of tumor cells, a property which is being used as a marker for several human cancer including glioblastoma. In this study we investigated targeting NCL as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this pathology. To explore this possibility, we studied the effect of an antagonist of NCL, the multivalent pseudopeptide N6L using primary culture of human glioblastoma cells. In this system, N6L inhibits cell growth with different sensitivity depending to NCL localization. Cell cycle analysis indicated that N6L-induced growth reduction was due to a block of the G1/S transition with down-regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and B2. By monitoring autophagy markers such as p62 and LC3II, we demonstrate that autophagy is enhanced after N6L treatment. In addition, N6L-treatment of mice bearing tumor decreased in vivo tumor growth in orthotopic brain tumor model and increase mice survival. The results obtained indicated an antiproliferative and pro-autophagic effect of N6L and point towards its possible use as adjuvant agent to the standard therapeutic protocols presently utilized for glioblastoma.
title: Hallazgos radiológicos del Tumor de Askin: a propósito de un caso
Creators: name: Lacoma Latre, Eva María
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Surgery
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Bones

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Los sarcomas primarios del tórax son muy poco frecuentes.
Pueden originarse en el pulmón,
mediastino o pleura de la pared torácica. Las variantes intratorácicas más comunes son el angiosarcoma,
el leiomiosarcoma,
el rabdomiosarcoma,
y el...
Gliding down the QCD transition line, from $N_f=2$ till the onset of conformality
Creators: name: Kotov, A. Yu.
name: Lombardo, M. P.
name: Trunin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the hot QCD transition with varying number of flavors, from two till the onset of the conformal window. We discuss the universality class for $N_f=2$, along the critical line for two massless light flavors, and a third flavor whose mass serves as an interpolator between $N_f = 2$ and $N_f=3$. We identify a possible scaling window for the 3D $O(4)$ universality class transition, and its crossover to a mean field behaviour. We follow the transition from $N_f=3$ to larger $N_f$, when it remains of first order, with an increasing coupling strength; we summarize its known properties, including possible cosmological applications as a model for a strong electroweak transition. The first order transition, and its accompanying second order endpoint, finally morphs into the essential singularity at the onset of the conformal window, following the singular behaviour predicted by the Functional Renormalization Group.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures
An additive graphical model for discrete data
Creators: name: Tao, Jun
name: Li, Bing
name: Xue, Lingzhou
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: We introduce a nonparametric graphical model for discrete node variables based on additive conditional independence. Additive conditional independence is a three-way statistical relation that shares similar properties with conditional independence by satisfying the semi-graphoid axioms. Based on this relation we build an additive graphical model for discrete variables that does not suffer from the restriction of a parametric model such as the Ising model. We develop an estimator of the new graphical model via the penalized estimation of the discrete version of the additive precision operator and establish the consistency of the estimator under the ultrahigh-dimensional setting. Along with these methodological developments, we also exploit the properties of discrete random variables to uncover a deeper relation between additive conditional independence and conditional independence than previously known. The new graphical model reduces to a conditional independence graphical model under certain sparsity conditions. We conduct simulation experiments and analysis of an HIV antiretroviral therapy data set to compare the new method with existing ones.
title: Evolución de las placas desmielinizantes activas en Esclerosis Múltiple Remitente Recurrente y en el Síndrome Clínico Aislado: estudio comparativo
Creators: name: Utrilla Contreras, Cristina
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
La esclerosis múltiple (EM) en un trastorno desmielinizante del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC).
Si bien la mayoría de los pacientes presentan la forma recurrente-remitente (EMRR ) de la enfermedad,
el síndrome clínico aislado (SCA) es la forma...
title: Cómo elaborar el informe de ecografía de mama. Descriptores ecográficos del BI-RADS.
Creators: name: Atencia Ballesteros, Marta
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound-Power Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Elastography
subject: Breast

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Debido a la necesidad del radiólogo de emplear una terminología adecuada se expondrá el léxico ecográfico empleado por el sistema BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) y sus distintas categorías a través de ejemplos de nuestro...
Rayleigh Adjustment of Narrow Barriers in Protoplanetary Discs
Creators: name: Yang, Chao-Chin
name: Menou, Kristen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sharp density features in protoplanetary discs, for instance at the edge of a magnetically dead zone, have recently been proposed as effective barriers to slow down or even stop the problematically fast migration of planetary cores into their central star. Density features on a radial scale approaching the disc vertical scale height might not exist, however, since they could be Rayleigh (or more generally Solberg-Hoiland) unstable. Stability must be checked explicitly in one-dimensional viscous accretion disc models because these instabilities are artificially eliminated in the process of reducing the full set of axisymmetric equations. The disc thermodynamics, via the entropy stratification, and its vertical structure also influence stability when sharp density features are present. We propose the concept of Rayleigh adjustment for viscous disc models: any density feature that violates Rayleigh stability (or its generalization) should be diffused radially by hydrodynamical turbulence on a dynamical time-scale, approaching marginal stability in a quasi-continuous manner.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 7 pages, 1 figure
Design, implementation and evaluation of a virtual laboratory for Computer Engineering Education
Creators: name: Riccioni, Anna <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: ING-INF/05 Sistemi di elaborazione delle informazioni

description: Broad consensus has been reached within the Education and Cognitive Psychology research communities on the need to center the learning process on experimentation and concrete application of knowledge, rather than on a bare transfer of notions. Several advantages arise from this educational approach, ranging from the reinforce of students learning, to the increased opportunity for a student to gain greater insight into the studied topics, up to the possibility for learners to acquire practical skills and long-lasting proficiency. This is especially true in Engineering education, where integrating conceptual knowledge and practical skills assumes a strategic importance.
In this scenario, learners are called to play a primary role. They are actively involved in the construction of their own knowledge, instead of passively receiving it. As a result, traditional, teacher-centered learning environments should be replaced by novel learner-centered solutions. 
Information and Communication Technologies enable the development of innovative solutions that provide suitable answers to the need for the availability of experimentation supports in educational context. Virtual Laboratories, Adaptive Web-Based Educational Systems and Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning environments can significantly foster different learner-centered instructional strategies, offering the opportunity to enhance personalization, individualization and cooperation. More specifically, they allow students to explore different kinds of materials, to access and compare several information sources, to face real or realistic problems and to work on authentic and multi-facet case studies. In addition, they encourage cooperation among peers and provide support through coached and scaffolded activities aimed at fostering reflection and meta-cognitive reasoning.
This dissertation will guide readers within this research field, presenting both the theoretical and applicative results of a research aimed at designing an open, flexible, learner-centered virtual lab for supporting students in learning Information Security.
Backward volume contraction for endomorphisms with eventual volume expansion
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Vilton
name: Castro, Armando
name: Alves, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37XX

description: We consider smooth maps on compact Riemannian manifolds. We prove that under some mild condition of eventual volume expansion Lebesgue almost everywhere we have uniform backward volume contraction on every pre-orbit of Lebesgue almost every point.
description: Article published in Comptes Rendu, 2006
Differential Conductance and Quantum Interference in Kondo Systems
Creators: name: Figgins, Jeremy
name: Morr, Dirk K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a large-N theory for the differential conductance, dI/dV, in Kondo systems measured via scanning tunneling spectroscopy. We demonstrate that quantum interference between tunneling processes into the conduction band and into the magnetic f-electron states is crucial in determining the experimental Fano lineshape of dI/dV. This allows one to uniquely extract the Kondo coupling and the ratio of the tunneling amplitudes from the experimental dI/dV curve. Finally, we show that dI/dV directly reflects the strength of the antiferromagnetic interaction in Kondo lattice systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Edge effects in Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons
Creators: name: Lima, Matheus P.
name: Fazzio, A.
name: da Silva, Antônio J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the ground state of zigzag bilayer graphene nanoribbons is non-magnetic. It also possesses a finite gap, which has a non-monotonic dependence with the width as a consequence of the competition between bulk and strongly attractive edge interactions. All results were obtained using {ab initio} total energy density functional theory calculations with the inclusion of parametrized van der Waals interactions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Quantum Liquid Signatures in Dwarf Stars
Creators: name: Gabadadze, Gregory
name: Pirtskhalava, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop further the proposal of arXiv:0806.3692 that a new state of matter -- charged condensate of spin-0 nuclei -- may exist in helium-core dwarf stars. The charged condensate and its fluctuations are described by an effective field theory Lagrangian. The spectrum of bosonic fluctuations is gapped, while electrons, at temperatures of interest, give rise to gapless excitations near the Fermi surface. These properties determine the evolution of the dwarfs with condensed cores. In particular, we show that such dwarf stars would cool significantly faster than their crystallized counterparts. As a result, the luminosity function for the helium-core dwarfs will have a sharp drop-off after the condensation. It is tempting to interpret the recently discovered abrupt termination of a sequence of 24 helium-core dwarf candidates in NGC 6397 as a signature of the charged condensation.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Super-Resolution of License Plate Images Using Attention Modules and Sub-Pixel Convolution Layers
Creators: name: Nascimento, Valfride
name: Laroca, Rayson
name: Lambert, Jorge de A.
name: Schwartz, William Robson
name: Menotti, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent years have seen significant developments in the field of License Plate Recognition (LPR) through the integration of deep learning techniques and the increasing availability of training data. Nevertheless, reconstructing license plates (LPs) from low-resolution (LR) surveillance footage remains challenging. To address this issue, we introduce a Single-Image Super-Resolution (SISR) approach that integrates attention and transformer modules to enhance the detection of structural and textural features in LR images. Our approach incorporates sub-pixel convolution layers (also known as PixelShuffle) and a loss function that uses an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) model for feature extraction. We trained the proposed architecture on synthetic images created by applying heavy Gaussian noise to high-resolution LP images from two public datasets, followed by bicubic downsampling. As a result, the generated images have a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of less than 0.10. Our results show that our approach for reconstructing these low-resolution synthesized images outperforms existing ones in both quantitative and qualitative measures. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/valfride/lpr-rsr-ext/
What can we learn about the dynamics of transported spins by measuring shot noise in spin-orbit-coupled nanostructures?
Creators: name: Nikolic, Branislav K.
name: Dragomirova, Ralitsa L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent studies of the shot noise of spin-polarized charge currents and pure spin currents in multiterminal semiconductor nanostructures, while focusing on the effects brought by the intrinsic Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling and/or extrinsic SO scattering off impurities in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) based devices. By generalizing the scattering theory of quantum shot noise to include the full spin-density matrix of electrons injected from a spin-filtering electrode, we show how decoherence and dephasing in the course of spin precession can lead to substantial enhancement of the Fano factor (noise-to-current ratio) of spin-polarized charge currents. In four-terminal SO-coupled nanostructures, injection of unpolarized charge current through the longitudinal leads is responsible not only for the pure spin Hall current in the transverse leads, but also for nonequilibrium random time-dependent current fluctuations. The analysis of the shot noise of transverse pure spin Hall current and zero charge current, or transverse spin current and non-zero charge Hall current, driven by unpolarized or spin-polarized injected longitudinal charge current, respectively, reveals a unique experimental tool to differentiate between the intrinsic Rashba and extrinsic SO mechanisms underlying the spin Hall effect in 2DEG devices. Finally, we discuss the shot noise of transverse spin and zero charge currents in the quantum-interference-driven spin Hall effect in ballistic four-terminal Aharonov-Casher rings realized using high-mobility 2DEG with the Rashba SO coupling.
description: 41 pages, 13 figures; review article to appear in the special issue of Semiconductor Science and Technology on "The effects of spin-orbit interaction on charge transport"
Sequence composition and environment effects on residue fluctuations in protein structures
Creators: name: Ruvinsky, Anatoly M.
name: Vakser, Ilya A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum and scale of fluctuations in protein structures affect the range of cell phenomena, including stability of protein structures or their fragments, allosteric transitions and energy transfer. The study presents a statistical-thermodynamic analysis of relationship between the sequence composition and the distribution of residue fluctuations in protein-protein complexes. A one-node-per residue elastic network model accounting for the nonhomogeneous protein mass distribution and the inter-atomic interactions through the renormalized inter-residue potential is developed. Two factors, a protein mass distribution and a residue environment, were found to determine the scale of residue fluctuations. Surface residues undergo larger fluctuations than core residues, showing agreement with experimental observations. Ranking residues over the normalized scale of fluctuations yields a distinct classification of amino acids into three groups. The structural instability in proteins possibly relates to the high content of the highly fluctuating residues and a deficiency of the weakly fluctuating residues in irregular secondary structure elements (loops), chameleon sequences and disordered proteins. Strong correlation between residue fluctuations and the sequence composition of protein loops supports this hypothesis. Comparing fluctuations of binding site residues (interface residues) with other surface residues shows that, on average, the interface is more rigid than the rest of the protein surface and Gly, Ala, Ser, Cys, Leu and Trp have a propensity to form more stable docking patches on the interface. The findings have broad implications for understanding mechanisms of protein association and stability of protein structures.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Phase diagrams for three-strategy evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games on regular graphs
Creators: name: Szolnoki, Attila
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Szabo, Gyorgy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games are studied with players located on square lattice and random regular graphs defining four neighbors for each one. The players follow one of the three strategies: tit-for-tat, unconditional cooperation, and defection. The simplified payoff matrix is characterized by two parameters: the temptation $b$ to choose defection, and the cost $c$ of inspection reducing the income of tit-for-tat. The strategy imitation from one of the neighbors is controlled by pairwise comparison at a fixed level of noise. Using Monte Carlo simulations and the extended versions of pair approximation we have evaluated the $b-c$ phase diagrams indicating a rich plethora of phase transitions between stationary coexistence, absorbing and oscillatory states, including continuous and discontinuous phase transitions. By reasonable costs the tit-for-tat strategy prevents extinction of cooperators across the whole span of $b$ values determining the prisoner's dilemma game, irrespective of the interaction graph structure. We also demonstrate that the system can exhibit a repetitive succession of oscillatory and stationary states upon changing a single payoff value, which highlights the remarkable sensitivity of cyclical interactions on parameters that define the strength of dominance.
description: 7 two-column pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Estimating the Parameters of Extended Gravity Theories with the Schwarzschild Precession of S2 Star
Creators: name: Borka, D.
name: Jovanović, V. Borka
name: Capozziello, S.
name: Zakharov, A. F.
name: Jovanović, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After giving a short overview of previous results on constraining of Extended Gravity (EG) by stellar orbits, we discuss the Schwarzschild orbital precession of S2 star assuming the congruence with predictions of General Relativity (GR). At the moment, the S2 star trajectory is remarkably fitted with the first post-Newtonian (pN) approximation of GR. In particular, both Keck and VLT (GRAVITY) teams declared that the gravitational redshift near its pericenter passage for the S2 star orbit corresponds to theoretical estimates found with the first pN approximation. In 2020, the GRAVITY Collaboration detected the orbital precession of the S2 star around the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the Galactic Center (GC) and showed that it is close to the GR prediction. Based on this observational fact, we evaluated parameters of the EG theories with the Schwarzschild precession of the S2 star. Using the mentioned method, we estimate the orbital precession angles for some EG models including power-law f(R), general Yukawa-like corrections, scalar-tensor gravity (STG), and non-local gravity (NLG) theories formulated in both metric and Palatini formalism. In this consideration we assume that a gravitational field is spherically symmetric, therefore, alternative theories of gravity could be described only with a few parameters. Specifically, considering the orbital precession, we estimate the range of parameters of these EG models for which the orbital precession is like in GR. We then compare these results with our previous results, which were obtained by fitting the simulated orbits of S2 star to its observed astrometric positions. In case of power-law f(R), generic Yukawa-like correction, STG and NLG theories, we were able to obtain a prograde orbital precession, like in GR. According to these results, the method is a useful tool to evaluate parameters of the gravitational potential at the GC.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Universe
RRFT: A Rank-Based Resource Aware Fault Tolerant Strategy for Cloud Platforms
Creators: name: Dehury, Chinmaya Kumar
name: Sahoo, Prasan Kumar
name: Veeravalli, Bharadwaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The applications that are deployed in the cloud to provide services to the users encompass a large number of interconnected dependent cloud components. Multiple identical components are scheduled to run concurrently in order to handle unexpected failures and provide uninterrupted service to the end user, which introduces resource overhead problem for the cloud service provider. Furthermore such resource-intensive fault tolerant strategies bring extra monetary overhead to the cloud service provider and eventually to the cloud users. In order to address these issues, a novel fault tolerant strategy based on the significance level of each component is developed. The communication topology among the application components, their historical performance, failure rate, failure impact on other components, dependencies among them, etc., are used to rank those application components to further decide on the importance of one component over others. Based on the rank, a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model is presented to determine the number of replicas that varies from one component to another. A rigorous performance evaluation is carried out using some of the most common practically useful metrics such as, recovery time upon a fault, average number of components needed, number of parallel components successfully executed, etc., to quote a few, with similar component ranking and fault tolerant strategies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the required number of virtual and physical machines by approximately 10% and 4.2%, respectively, compared to other similar algorithms.
description: This is accepted in IEEE TCC. The preprint version will be uploaded soon
Exact Half-BPS Flux Solutions in M-theory II: Global solutions asymptotic to AdS_7 x S^4
Creators: name: D'Hoker, Eric
name: Estes, John
name: Gutperle, Michael
name: Krym, Darya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General local half-BPS solutions in M-theory, which have $SO(2,2)\times SO(4)\times SO(4)$ symmetry and are asymptotic to $AdS_{7}\times S^{4}$, were constructed in exact form by the authors in [arXiv:0806.0605]. In the present paper, suitable regularity conditions are imposed on these local solutions, and corresponding globally well-defined solutions are explicitly constructed. The physical properties of these solutions are analyzed, and interpreted in terms of the gravity duals to extended 1+1-dimensional half-BPS defects in the 6-dimensional CFT with maximal supersymmetry.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures, typos corrected, reference added
O'ZBEK TILIDA IJOBIY BAHO MUNOSABATINING LEKSIK SATXDA IFODALANISHI
Creators: name: Ixtiyorov, А'zamjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy oʻzbek tillida ijobiy baho  semantikasining leksik sathda voqelanishi va unda ijobiy, salbiy hamda neytral  baho munosabatlarning yuzaga chiqishi xususida fikr yuritiladi.
Interruption of Tidal Disruption Flares By Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Creators: name: Liu, F. K.
name: Li, S.
name: Chen, Xian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are products of galaxy mergers, and are important in testing Lambda cold dark matter cosmology and locating gravitational-wave-radiation sources. A unique electromagnetic signature of SMBHBs in galactic nuclei is essential in identifying the binaries in observations from the IR band through optical to X-ray. Recently, the flares in optical, UV, and X-ray caused by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) tidally disrupting nearby stars have been successfully used to observationally probe single SMBHs in normal galaxies. In this Letter, we investigate the accretion of the gaseous debris of a tidally disrupted star by a SMBHB. Using both stability analysis of three-body systems and numerical scattering experiments, we show that the accretion of stellar debris gas, which initially decays with time $\propto t^{-5/3}$, would stop at a time $T_{\rm tr} \simeq ηT_{\rm b}$. Here, $η\sim0.25$ and $T_{\rm b}$ is the orbital period of the SMBHB. After a period of interruption, the accretion recurs discretely at time $T_{\rm r} \simeq ξT_b$, where $ξ\sim 1$. Both $η$ and $ξ$ sensitively depend on the orbital parameters of the tidally disrupted star at the tidal radius and the orbit eccentricity of SMBHB. The interrupted accretion of the stellar debris gas gives rise to an interrupted tidal flare, which could be used to identify SMBHBs in non-active galaxies in the upcoming transient surveys.
description: 13 pages, including one color figure; typos corrected; appeared in ApJ Letters (November 20 issue)
The M2/M5 BPS Partition Functions from Supergravity
Creators: name: Silva, Pedro J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the AdS/CFT duality, we calculate the supersymmetric partition function of the superconformal field theories living in the world volume of either $N$ $M2$-branes or $N$ $M5$-branes. We used the dual supergravity partition function in a saddle point approximation over supersymmetric Black Holes. Since our BHs are written in asymptotically global $AdS_{d+1}$ co-ordinates, the dual SCFTs are in $R x S^{d}$ for $d=2,5$. The resulting partition function shows phase transitions, constraints on the phase space and allowed us to identify unstable BPS Black hole in the $AdS$ phase. These configurations should correspond to unstable configurations in the dual theory. We also report an intriguing relation between the most general Witten Index, computed in the above theories, and our BPS partition functions.
description: 9 pages, 2 columns, 4 figures, revtex, typos corrected, reference added
Searching fast for a target on a DNA without falling to traps
Creators: name: Bénichou, O.
name: Kafri, Y.
name: Sheinman, M.
name: Voituriez, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genomic expression depends critically both on the ability of regulatory proteins to locate specific target sites on a DNA within seconds and on the formation of long lived (many minutes) complexes between these proteins and the DNA. Equilibrium experiments show that indeed regulatory proteins bind tightly to their target site. However, they also find strong binding to other non-specific sites which act as traps that can dramatically increase the time needed to locate the target. This gives rise to a conflict between the speed and stability requirements. Here we suggest a simple mechanism which can resolve this long-standing paradox by allowing the target sites to be located by proteins within short time scales even in the presence of traps. Our theoretical analysis shows that the mechanism is robust in the presence of generic disorder in the DNA sequence and does not require a specially designed target site.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
On the Stress Tensor of Kerr/CFT
Creators: name: Amsel, Aaron J.
name: Marolf, Donald
name: Roberts, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently-conjectured Kerr/CFT correspondence posits a field theory dual to dynamics in the near-horizon region of an extreme Kerr black hole with certain boundary conditions. We construct a boundary stress tensor for this theory via covariant phase space techniques. The structure of the stress tensor indicates that any dual theory is a discrete light cone quantum theory, in agreement with recent arguments by Balasubramanian et al. The key technical step in our construction is the addition of an appropriate counter-term to the symplectic structure, which is necessary to make the theory fully covariant and to resolve a subtle problem involving the integrability of charges.
description: 19 pages
Real-Time Correlators and Non-Relativistic Holography
Creators: name: Leigh, Robert G.
name: Hoang, Nam Nguyen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Lorentzian correlation functions in theories with non-relativistic Schrodinger symmetry. We employ the method developed by Skenderis and van Rees in which the contour in complex time defining a given correlation function is associated holographically with the gluing together of Euclidean and Lorentzian patches of spacetimes. This formalism extends appropriately to geometries with Schrodinger isometry.
description: 13 pages, 3 pdf figures
Supersymmetry Breaking and Gauge Mediation
Creators: name: Kitano, Ryuichiro
name: Ooguri, Hirosi
name: Ookouchi, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent works on supersymmetry breaking and gauge mediation. We survey our current understanding of dynamical supersymmetry breaking mechanisms and describe new model building tools using duality, meta-stability, and stringy construction. We discuss phenomenological constraints and their solutions, paying attentions to issues with gaugino masses and electroweak symmetry breaking.
description: 42 pages, 9 figures, invited review to appear in Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. v2: references added