cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing problematic khat use in the Gurage community, central Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Creators: name: Awoke Sisay
name: Abebaw  Fekadu
name: Kassahun  Habtamu
name: Nhunzvi, Clement
name: Norton, Sam
name: Teferra, Solomon
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Khat leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect in many communities in East Africa and the Middle East. We aimed to understand how a range of people from a community of central Ethiopia describe problematic khat use so that we can develop a screening tool. We interviewed 40 individuals. The participants explained how they categorise khat use in terms of traditional, normal and problematic patterns. In terms of traditional use, Muslim elders were reported to chew khat for concentration during prayer. Normal khat use was described as chewing khat to get concentration and energy to avoid being tired, to socialize and for leisure. Khat users from rural areas did not consider it to be acceptable to chew khat in public places. Problematic khat use was described by daily khat use, chewing too much, chewing before meals, experiencing craving and needing to chew khat to avoid distressing experiences. Participants also identified harmful effects of problematic khat use on the individual, including sexual problems, mental illness, and time wastage. Community-level harms of khat included work absenteeism, food insecurity, unemployment, conflicts and violence.

Conclusions: The current study will inform future studies on measurement of the impact of problematic khat use and development of potential interventions to reduce problematic khat use
MAHMUDXO'JA BEHBUDIYNING MA'RIFATPARVARLIK FAOLIYATI
Creators: name: Samadova, Dilnoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Bu maqolada Turkiston jadidlari va jadidchilik harakatining asoschisi Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiyning hayoti va faoliyati to‘ģrisida so‘z boradi.Jumladan,uning millat taraqqiyotida tutgan o‘rni haqida fikr yuritiladi.
Malaria is causally associated with iron deficiency in African children
Creators: name: Muriuki, John
name: Mentzer, Alexander J
name: Webb, Emily L
name: Alireza  Morovat
name: Wandia  Kimita
name: Ndungu, Francis M
name: Macharia, Alex W
name: Swaib A  Lule
name: Cutland, Clare
name: Sodiomon  B Sirima
name: Amidou  Diarra
name: Tiono, Alfred B
name: Madhi, Shabir A
name: Hill, Adrian V S
name: Prentice, Andrew
name: Bejon, Philip
name: Elliott, Alison M
name: Williams, Thomas N
name: Atkinson, Sarah H
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: Malaria and iron deficiency (ID) are common causes of ill health in African children. Recent evidence shows that malaria increases production of the hormone hepcidin which blocks iron absorption. We therefore aimed to determine whether malaria causes ID in African children by conducting a well-designed genetic study called Mendelian randomization.

Methods: We used sickle cell trait (HbAS), a common genetic variant that is associated with partial protection against malaria. We measured markers of iron status and inflammation and genotyped HbAS in 6862 African children from eight community cohorts in Kenya, Burkina Faso, Uganda, The Gambia, South Africa, Congo and Cameroon. We further tested whether HbAS influences ID in the absence of malaria using a malaria-free cohort of African-Americans.

Results: Among children exposed to malaria, HbAS was associated with a 23% reduction in ID. This translated to malaria causing a 55% increase in ID. HbAS was not associated with other factors that may influence malaria/ID or with ID in African-Americans suggesting that the observed increase in ID was indeed due to malaria.

Conclusions: These results suggest that malaria may be an important cause of ID in African children. Therefore, efforts towards malaria elimination may have an added advantage of reducing the burden of ID.
Hamiltonian Oracles
Creators: name: Mochon, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hamiltonian oracles are the continuum limit of the standard unitary quantum oracles. In this limit, the problem of finding the optimal query algorithm can be mapped into the problem of finding shortest paths on a manifold. The study of these shortest paths leads to lower bounds of the original unitary oracle problem. A number of example Hamiltonian oracles are studied in this paper, including oracle interrogation and the problem of computing the XOR of the hidden bits. Both of these problems are related to the study of geodesics on spheres with non-round metrics. For the case of two hidden bits a complete description of the geodesics is given. For n hidden bits a simple lower bound is proven that shows the problems require a query time proportional to n, even in the continuum limit. Finally, the problem of continuous Grover search is reexamined leading to a modest improvement to the protocol of Farhi and Gutmann.
description: 16 pages, REVTeX 4 (minor corrections in v2)
Photoluminescence in PbS nanocrystal thin films: Nanocrystal density, film morphology and energy transfer
Creators: name: Tsybeskov, L.
name: Alam, M.
name: Hafiz, S. B.
name: Ko, D. -K.
name: Bratkovsky, A. M.
name: Wu, X.
name: Lockwood, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that photoluminescence properties of PbS nanocrystal thin films are directly related to film morphology and nanocrystal density. In densely packed PbS nanocrystal films, low-temperature donor-to-acceptor energy transfer is mainly responsible for the photoluminescence spectra narrowing and shift toward longer wavelengths. At elevated temperatures, back energy transfer is proposed to be responsible for an unusual photoluminescence intensity temperature dependence. In thin films with a low PbS nanocrystal density, the energy transfer is suppressed, and the effect is dramatically reduced.
description: (8 pages, 7 figures)
Ιστορίες ζωής εκπαιδευομένων στο Σχολείο Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας Δράμας:
Creators: name: Μωυσιάδης, Λάζαρος Σάββα
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Σχολεία Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας
Ιστορίες ζωής
Κοινωνική Σημειωτική
Second Chance Schools
Life stories
Social Semiotics

description: Στην παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζεται η διερεύνηση ιστοριών ζωής εκπαιδευομένων του Σχολείου Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας Δράμας, όπως καταγράφηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια βιογραφικών αφηγηματικών συνεντεύξεων. Στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας παρουσιάζονται οι θεωρητικές παραδοχές της, που αφορούν τις έννοιες του κριτικού γραμματισμού, της ταυτότητας ως κοινωνικής κατασκευής και της υποκειμενικότητας. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζονται ορισμένα στοιχεία του θεσμού των Σχολείων Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας. Το δεύτερο μέρος περιλαμβάνει το μεθοδολογικό εργαλείο, τα ευρήματα της έρευνας και τα συμπεράσματά της. Αρχικά παρουσιάζεται η μέθοδος της βιογραφικής αφηγηματικής συνέντευξης και τα στάδια στα οποία επιμερίζεται, ενώ ακόμη παρατίθενται οι βασικές αρχές της Κοινωνικής Σημειωτικής, με βάση την οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε η ανάλυση των δεδομένων της έρευνας. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζονται τα ευρήματα της έρευνας, τα οποία είναι κατηγοριοποιημένα ανά θεματικές ενότητες, με βάση τις οποίες αναδεικνύονται ζητήματα σχετικά με το φύλο, την ηλικία, τους γονείς των εκπαιδευομένων κ.α. Το τελευταίο κεφάλαιο αποτελεί συνολική παρουσίαση των θεμάτων που προέκυψαν κατά τη διάρκεια της έρευνας, των ερωτημάτων που αναδύθηκαν από αυτή και των συμπερασμάτων στα οποία κατέληξε.
description: Aim of this paper is to present life stories of students studying at the Second Chance School of Drama, which were collected through biographical narrative interviews. The first part is dedicated to the presentation and specification of the notions used (i.e. critical literacy, identity as a social structure and subjectivity), while some basic elements of the institution of Second Chance Schools are also presented. The second part includes the presentation of the research tools, the findings of the research and its conclusions. At first narrative biographical interview as a data production method is studied, while the parts of it are presented. In addition, this part contains the basic principles of Social Semiotics, according to which the analysis of this research was made. What follows is the presentation of the research findings, which are categorized so that they reveal issues of gender, age etc. The last chapter contains an overall presentation of all issues emerged from the research as well as its final conclusions.
Materialism : metaphysics and methodology
Creators: name: Constabaris, Adam John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In contemporary discussions of materialism, the term "reductionism" is used in several senses. First, I distinguish materialism, the metaphysical claim that "everything is physical" from physicalism, which is, broadly speaking, a research strategy that gives some sort of privilege to physics. I discuss two theses commonly associated with materialism, the view that the natural world is divided into levels corresponding to the various special sciences, and the claim that physics is "causally complete". In the second chapter, I discuss reductionism in the sense in which that term applies to empiricists who espoused a doctrine known as "the Unity of Science". Ametaphysical empiricists were less concerned with the classical materialist goal of ontological economy than they were with conceptual economy, establishing a single theory stated in the language of physics which would be adequate for all scientific purposes. According to various empiricists, such unity was to be achieved by explaining higher level theories in terms of lower level theories, a phenomenon known as intertheoretic reduction. I then show how the most widely discussed account of intertheoretic reduction as a kind of derivation is related to empiricistic views on the nature of theories and of explanation. I discuss the reasons that the empiricist's linguistic account of reductionism was re-formulated by metaphysically minded philosophers as the claim that every property is a physical property (property reductionism). Then I discuss the "multiple realizability" arguments, which are widely thought to establish both the methodological autonomy of the special sciences from physics and the metaphysical thesis that there are non-physical properties. I argue that the conclusion of such arguments is better stated as a conclusion about the representational power of physical language. Next, I state the recent arguments that 'non-reductive' forms of materialism based on supervenience (conceived as a relation between physical and non-physical properties) appear to be compatible with nonstandard emergentist versions of materialism, and suggest that a more linguistic construal of supervenience ought to be employed in the formulation of materialism. In the final chapter, I attempt to show the independence of reductionist methodological claims from the metaphysical claim of property reductionism.
title: Στατικές εγγυήσεις ασφάλειας για γλώσσες με ταυτόχρονο προγραμματισμό
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Static safety guarantees for concurrent programming languages
Creators: name: Gerakios, Prodromos E.
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2012
Subjects: Συστήματα τύπων
Στατική ανάλυση
Ορθότητα
Συνθήκες ανταγωνισμού
Αδιέξοδα
Type systems
Static analysis
Soundness
Data races
Deadlocks

description: 64 σ.
description: Ο πολυνηματικός προγραμματισμός είναι ένα ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενο πρότυπο προγραμματισμού για την αξιοποίηση του ταυτοχρονισμού σε πολυπύρηνα συστήματα. Μια εγγενής παρενέργεια αυτού του προτύπου είναι η μη ντετερμινιστική εκτέλεση των νημάτων. Σε αυτή την διατριβή δείχνουμε ότι είναι δυνατό να αυξηθεί η αξιοπιστία των ταυτόχρονων προγραμμάτων, με την εξάλειψη των παραβιάσεων πρόσβασης μνήμης, συνθηκών ανταγωνισμού και αδιεξόδων από πολυνηματικά προγράμματα. Συγκεκριμένα, παρουσιάζουμε την θεωρία και υλοποίηση συστημάτων τύπων (type systems) και στατικών αναλύσεων (static analyses) που παρέχουν κάποιες εγγυήσεις αξιοπιστίας σχετικά με την πολυνηματική εκτέλεση προγραμμάτων. Επίσης παρουσιάζουμε εκτεταμένες μετρήσεις για την απόδοση των αναλύσεών μας.
description: Multi-threaded programming is widely used for enabling concurrency in multi-core architectures. An inherent side-effect of multi-threaded programming is the non-deterministic execution of threads. In this thesis we show that the reliability of concurrent programs can be increased by eliminating memory errors, data races and deadlocks from multi-threaded programs. Importantly, we present the theory and implementation of type system and static analyses that guarantee reliable execution of multi-threaded programs as well as some very promising benchmarks.
Fast radio bursts: do repeaters and non-repeaters originate in statistically similar ensembles
Creators: name: Cui, Xiang-Han
name: Zhang, Cheng-Min
name: Wang, Shuang-Qiang
name: Zhang, Jian-Wei
name: Li, Di
name: Peng, Bo
name: Zhu, Wei-Wei
name: Wang, Na
name: Strom, Richard
name: Ye, Chang-Qing
name: Wang, De-Hua
name: Yang, Yi-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are the short, strong radio pulses lasting several milliseconds. They are subsequently identified, for the most part, as emanating from unknown objects at cosmological distances. At present, over one hundred FRBs have been verified, classified into two groups: repeating bursts (20 samples) and apparently non-repeating bursts (91 samples). Their origins, however, are still hotly debated. Here,we investigate the statistical classifications for the two groups of samples to see if the non-repeating and repeating FRBs have different origins by employing Anderson-Darling (A-D) test and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (M-W-W) test. Firstly, by taking the pulse width as a statistical variant, we found that the repeating samples do not follow the Gaussian statistics (may belong to a chi-square distribution), although the overall data and non-repeating group do follow the Gaussian. Meanwhile, to investigate the statistical differences between the two groups, we turn to M-W-W test and notice that the two distributions have different origins. Secondly, we consider the FRB radio luminosity as a statistical variant, and find that both groups of samples can be regarded as the Gaussian distributions under the A-D test, although they have different origins according to M-W-W tests. Therefore, statistically, we can conclude that our classifications of both repeaters and non-repeaters are plausible, that the two FRB classes have different origins, or each has experienced distinctive phases or been subject to its own physical processes.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
MUII-PLUS mentorship programme: lessons from the baseline survey
Creators: name: Biraro, Irene Andia
name: E  Driciru
name: CK  Drago
name: A  Wajja
name: B  Oketch
name: MG  Mboowa
name: V  Bukirwa
name: R Muganyizi
name: AM  Elliott
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Context:The MUII mentorship programme began 11 years ago with a successful peer mentorship model. Over the years, the programme has evolved and is presently anchored on the “GROW” model. This is intended to help MUII PLUS fellows or mentees achieve their short, medium, and long term research, career and professional goals.

Objectives and Methods:A baseline study was carried out for a situation and SWOT analysis of the programme using questionnaires and interviews. The 24 respondents included masters, doctoral, postdoctoral and group leader fellows.

Results: More than half of the respondents were male and about a third, PhD fellows. Over 60% of respondents rated the programme as excellent, and 75% had benefitted greatly from it. Strengths of regular fellows’ meetings for peer support and availability of international collaborations were reported. Opportunities identified were having a large pool of mentees and fellows taking up leadership positions, while the biggest threats were busy schedules of mentors and non-involvement of MUII PLUS alumni.

Conclusion:Respondents reported that the mentorship programme is successful in several aspects, with strong leadership that the respondents believe in, and are ready to fully support. However, innovative ways of attracting and retaining mentors and alumni for the greater benefit of the mentees should be sought.
Πρωτότυπο εργαλείο αυτόματης εξαγωγής κώδικα VHDL:
Creators: name: Παπαδόπουλος, Ματθαίος Αναστασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: VHDL
Graphviz
Γράφοι
Graphs

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, παρουσιάζεται ένα πρωτότυπο εργαλείο εξαγωγής κώδικα VHDL μέσω αλγορίθμων που απεικονίζονται μέσω γράφων που σχεδιάζονται με την βοήθεια του λογισμικού πακέτου GRAPHVIZ. Στο κεφάλαιο 2 της διπλωματικής εργασίας περιγράφονται βασικές έννοιες της σύνθεσης κυκλωμάτων από το επίπεδο μεταφοράς καταχωρητών, καθώς και η σχεδίαση του χειριστή δεδομένων και της μονάδας ελέγχου με βέλτιστο τρόπο. Στο κεφάλαιο 3 δίνεται συνοπτικά μια περιγραφή της αρχιτεκτονικής SUIFvm επεξεργαστών ειδικού σκοπού. Οι πράξεις στο σύνολο τους συνθέτουν έναν γράφο ο οποίος περιγράφεται μέσω του λογισμικού Graphviz. Το λογισμικό αυτό δίνει την δυνατότητα στο χρήστη του συνθέτοντας έναν γράφο σε μια γλώσσα (της μορφής DOT), να εξάγει έναν γράφο που ήδη έχει περιγραφεί στην παραπάνω γλώσσα, αυτά περιγράφονται στο κεφάλαιο 4. Στο κεφάλαιο 5 της εργασίας δίνεται αναλυτικά η περιγραφή του πηγαίου κώδικα του εργαλείου όσο το δυνατό πιο κατανοητά κάνοντας χρήση των γράφων και των διαγραμμάτων – γράφων, σε μια προσπάθεια να απεικονιστεί η δομή του κώδικα και τα επιμέρους κομμάτια του. Στο κεφάλαιο 6 δίνονται τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης για διαφορετικούς γράφους καθώς και τα συμπεράσματα για το εργαλείο.
description: The main aim of this thesis is to perform a new software tool that produce in its output files of VHDL code. Actually these files are the datapath and the control unit of a system described by an algorithmic state machine and visualized by using a special software called Graphviz (the kind of the algorithms that are usually used and feed these graphs are executed in special types of processors, such as DSPs). In the second chapter, the fundamentals of digital circuit synthesis design, giving a short reference of the basics of datapath and control unit design (and mainly in the optimization of this design). In the third chapter, it is given a short description of the SUIFvm architecture (architecture used in special purpose processors). In the fourth chapter, it is described the software tool Graphviz. As mentioned above, this tool is responsible for the visualization of the algorithms executed in the processor. In this chapter, it is given an extensive description of the characteristics and applications of this and, of course a lot of examples so that all these are easily understood. Finally in the last two chapters are provided the code of the tool and the results of the simulation which is conducted. Specifically, an analytic description of the procedure of production of the code and its structure are exhibited, as well as a variety of graphs (in a number of examples) are used in simulation.
Novel Potential Antimalarials through Drug Repurposing and Multitargeting: A Computational Approach
Creators: name: Bakary  Ntji Diallo
name: Lobb, Kevin
name: Bishop, Özlem Tastan
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives
This study aims to identify potential antimalarials from Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs.
Methods
796 drugs from DrugBank binding modes and strengths were predicted on 36 Plasmodium falciparum targets from screening Protein Data Bank (sc-PDB). Lipophilic efficiency (LipE), surface efficiency index (SEI) and binding efficiency index (BEI) and GRaph Interaction Matching (GRIM) were used to account for drugs molecular properties (for safe and effective drugs) and to prioritize high-quality drugs. Selected drug-targets stabilities were further assessed in simulations in an vivo-like environment.
Results
First validating the computational experiment using targets original inhibitors/substrate as controls, 77% of the predictions were in agreement with the controls. Out of 28656 (36x796) experiments, 26 drug-targets were selected having moderate (-6 kcal/mol) to good binding strength (-11 kcal/mol). Their minimum LipE, SEI, BEI and Grscore were 4, 23, 7 0.58 respectively (all in at least acceptable thresholds). During simulations, drugs were stable maintaining their initial binding pose and strong binding with their targets (average hydrogen bonding=1.4). Six hits had antimalarial activity in literature. As approved drugs, good toxicity profile is expected. Targets diversity offers potential for new modes of action and parasite liver stage agents.
Conclusions
Using a combined computational workflow, 32 drugs are proposed for repurposing as antimalarials.
In silico study of Plasmodium 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) for identification of novel inhibitors from SANCDB
Creators: name: Bakary  Ntji Diallo
name: Lobb, Kevin
name: Ozlem  Tastan Bishop
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives
In this study, we intended to find potential 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) inhibitors as antimalarial drugs from the South African National Compound Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za) using computational tools.

Methods
Plasmodium spp DXR protein structures in its open and closed forms were modelled using MODELLER followed by predictions of binding strength and poses of the SANCDB molecules to identify good binders. Compounds’ drug-likeness properties given by their QED (Quantitative estimate of druggability) scores from FAF-Drugs4 (Free ADME-Tox Filtering Tool) were included in the potential drug selection process. Finally, selected potential drugs were submitted to simulation in an in vivo-like environment using GROMACS to assess the stability of drug and targets binding.

Results
Molecules SANC00152 (-8.4 Kcal/mol), SANC00236 (-10.2 Kcal/mol), SANC00339 (-9.2 Kcal/mol), SANC00438 (-9.9 Kcal/mol) and SANC00570 (-8.1 Kcal/mol) were identified as good binders from the experiment showing good binding strength and QED scores of 0.46, 0.68, 0.83, 0.78 and 0.68 respectively with one being the best score and zero the poorest. Finally, drugs showed stability in the target during the simulations with only negligible fluctuations confirming their high binding strength.

Conclusions
Five natural compounds from SANCDB were thus identified as potential drug targetting DXR.
On the mechanism of $T_{4c}(6900)$ tetraquark production
Creators: name: Maciuła, Rafał
name: Schäfer, Wolfgang
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the production mechanism of a new state, a putative fully charm tetraquark, observed recently by the LHCb at M = 6.9 GeV in the $J/ψJ/ψ$ channel. Both single parton scattering (SPS) and double parton scattering (DPS) mechanisms are considered. We calculate the distribution in the invariant mass of the four-quark system $M_{4c}$ for SPS and DPS production of $c c \bar c \bar c$ in the $k_t$-factorization approach with modern unintegrated gluon distribution functions (UGDFs). The so-calculated contribution of DPS is almost two orders of magnitude larger than the SPS one, but the tetraquark formation mechanism is unknown at present. Imposing a mass window around the resonance position we calculate the corresponding distribution in $p_{t,4c}$ -- the potential tetraquark transverse momentum. The cross section for the $J/ψJ/ψ$ continuum is calculated in addition, again including SPS (box diagrams) and DPS contributions which are of similar size. The formation probability is estimated trying to reproduce the LHCb signal-to-background ratio. The calculation of the SPS $g g \to T_{4c}(6900)$ fusion mechanism is performed in the $k_T$-factorization approach assuming different spin scenarios ($0^+$ and $0^-$). The $0^+$ assignment is preferred over the $0^-$ one by the comparison of the transverse momentum distribution of signal and background with the LHCb preliminary data assuming the SPS mechanism dominance. There is no reliable approach for the DPS formation mechanism of tetraquarks at present as this is a complicated multi-body problem.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Beitrag zum Umformverhalten von PA6/CF Gelegelaminaten im nicht-isothermen Stempelumformprozess
Creators: name: Joppich, Tobias Dominik
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019

description: Kontinuierlich faserverstärkte Kunststoffe spielen aufgrund ihrer hohen gewichtsspezifischen, mechanischen Eigenschaften eine bedeutsame Rolle im Kontext aktueller Leichtbaubestrebungen zur Energie-, Ressourcen-, und Umweltschonung. Vor dem Hintergrund einer automobilen Großserienproduktion bietet die Verwendung von unidirektional faserverstärkten Thermoplast-Tapes (UD-Tapes) dabei ein herausragendes Potential für maßgeschneiderte, strukturelle Leichtbauanwendungen. Mithilfe der sequentiellen Tape-Prozesskette, bei der zweidimensionales Tapelegen, flächige Konsolidierung und Umformung in getaktete Teilprozessschritte untergliedert ist, lassen sich die geforderten Taktzeiten im Bereich von einer Minute realisieren. Maßgeblich verantwortlich für die Herbeiführung der Bauteilgestalt ist hierbei der Umformprozess, bei dem ein vorkonsolidierter Mehrschichtverbund, ein sogenanntes Gelegelaminat, nicht-isotherm tiefgezogen wird. Zur Überführung dieser material-basierten Technologie in Serienanwendungen ist jedoch weiterführendes Verständnis des Umformverhaltens auf Bauteilebene und dem Einfluss der Prozessbedingungen unumgänglich. Das Zusammenwirken aus anisotroper Halbzeugmorphologie, aufgebaut aus orthotropen Einzelschichten mit den visko-elastischen Eigenschaften der thermoplastischen Matrix sowie den Herausforderungen bei der Handhabung und Prozessführung des biegeschlaffen Halbzeugs führt zu einer komplexen Material-Prozess-Merkmal Beziehung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher mithilfe von experimentellen und simulativen Studien das Umformverhalten auf Bauteilebene analysiert. Hierzu wird zunächst das Werkstoffverhalten auf Couponebene vollumfänglich untersucht sowie ein automatisierter Umformprozess entwickelt und charakterisiert. Anschließend werden Studien zum Einfluss vom Lagenaufbau, der Materialeigenschaften und der Prozessführung durchgeführt und anhand des auftretenden out-of-plane Faltenwurfs an einer Schikanegeometrie quantitativ evaluiert. Die Intensität des auftretenden Faltenwurfs wird mit der Halbzeugmorphologie, der vorliegenden Mechanismen und der Prozessführung vor dem Hintergrund des Materialverhaltens korreliert. Auf Basis der erzielten Ergebnisse wird ein tiefes Verständnis des Umformverhaltens von PA6/CF Gelegelaminaten im nicht-isothermen Stempelumformprozess geschaffen. Es lassen sich Empfehlungen zur Optimierung des Lagenaufbaus, Materials und Prozesses ableiten. Ebenso untermauern die Ergebnisse welche Effekte in der Simulation zu berücksichtigen sind, um das Umformverhalten zukünftig präzise abbilden zu können.
Gamma-ray source stacking analysis at low galactic latitude
Creators: name: Cillis, Analia N.
name: Reimer, Olaf
name: Torres, Diego F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the problematic of uncertainties in the diffuse gamma radiation apparent in stacking analysis of EGRET data at low Galactic latitudes. Subsequently, we co-added maps of counts, exposure and diffuse background, and residuals, in varying numbers for different sub-categories of putatively and known source populations (like PSRs). Finally we tested for gamma-ray excess emission in those maps and attempt to quantify the systematic biases in such approach. Such kind of an analysis will help the classification processes of sources and source populations in the GLAST era.
description: Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, Proc. of "The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources (Third Workshop on the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources)", Barcelona, July 4-7, 2006
Utilizing the spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria to inform and optimize control interventions
Creators: name: Drissa Coulibaly
name: Bourema Guindo
name: Salimata Konate
name: Amadou  Niangaly
name: Traore, Karim
name: Tolo, Youssouf
name: Fayçal Maïga
name: Astou  Diallo
name: Tahirou, Mohamed A. Abdou
name: Ogobara Doumbo
name: Gaudart, Jean
name: Mahamadou Thera
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Background: In many African countries, cases of malaria has declined with the implementation of control measures. As transmission declines, malaria becomes patchily distributed, and control programs need to target the remaining parasite reservoirs. In Bandiagara, Mali no reduction in malaria was noticed from 1999-2003 to 2009-2013 despite the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy and the focused distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets since 2004. Since 2016, seasonal malaria chemoprevention for children from 3 months to 5 years was scaled up across the country. Our study aimed to update the local malaria epidemiology to provide evidence for targeting control interventions leading to malaria elimination.

Methods: Three hundred children aged 6 months to 15 years were followed from 2017 to 2018 in Bandiagara, Mali. The prevalence of malaria parasite carriage and anemia was determined monthly. The time and space profile of malaria was determined.

Results: Preliminary results showed 0.5 symptomatic malaria episodes per person per year. The overall monthly prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was 6.7%. Households with symptomatic malaria were located in the east, west and south of Bandiagara town.

Conclusion: The study showed an incidence of 0.5 symptomatic malaria episodes and spatial variation in malaria infections. Control strategies should target hotspots to be more effective.
Community Engagement to enhance study participation by Higher Learning Institutions in Mbeya-Tanzania.
Creators: name: Mcharo, Ruby
name: S.  Msuya
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Community and public engagement with science and research improves community awareness and understanding of value and methods of science. THRiVE encourages and supports its research fellows to engage the community as a pathway to maximizing the potential impact of their research. We undertook community engagement activities on Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs) among young adults attending Higher Learning Institutions(HLIs) in Mbeya-Tanzania, as part of a Ph.D study. The Ph.D Fellow organised an interactive joint group discussion with the community of HLI representatives and Mbeya Regional Medical Officer(RMO) to nurture good working relationships, learn about the STI situation and prevention activities in the study area and inspire informed participation in the proposed research. The interactive discussions noted challenges in STI prevention including lack of parent and/or teacher-driven communication on STIs and sexual matters, and insufficient modalities for teaching adolescents on Sexual and Reproductive Health(SRH) beyond what they learn in Biology lessons. Additionally, an urgent need for a Training-of-Trainers refresher course for SRH curriculum teachers was identified. Participants proposed joint development of an informative adolescent-friendly SRH curriculum by the health and education sectors in Mbeya. Community engagement enabled the target audience to understand the importance of the project, as well as the researcher to obtain approvals and support for study implementation.
Intensive versus standard mass anthelminthic treatment reduces innate immune dampening among individuals from Ugandan fishing villages
Creators: name: Kayondo, Lilian Namuli
name: G Nkurunungi
name: IA Biraro
name: F Lutwama
name: A Nalwoga
name: AM Elliott
name: PA Mawa
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Investigate the effect of intensive versus standard mass worm treatment on the innate immune response in high-worm-burden Ugandan fishing villages.

Methods: Community members in selected households were selected at random into two treatment clusters: 1. Standard arm (single-dose albendazole twice a year and a single-dose praziquantel yearly) 2. Intensive arm (quarterly triple-dose albendazole [daily, three days] and quarterly single-dose praziquantel). Forty-seven participants from the outcome survey conducted after three years of mass drug administration were considered for this sub-study. Whole blood collected from these participants was cultured with a panel of innate stimuli for 24 hours. Soluble immunological molecules in culture supernatants were measured using Luminex® assay. Relationship between innate immune responses and treatment arm, and patterns of soluble molecules were examined.

Results: Intensive treatment was associated with an increased IL-8 and VEGF responses, but a decreased IL-10 response to innate stimuli. However, evaluation of patterns of soluble immunological molecules and their relationships with treatment arms showed no differences.

Conclusion: Intensive treatment was associated with an increased pro-inflammatory immune response profile, and a reduced regulatory innate immune response profile. Treatment and subsequent reduction of worm burden in infected individuals may enhance immune responses to vaccines and other infectious pathogens.
Detection of Brucella species circulating in wildlife in Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania
Creators: name: R.  M.Sambu
name: Coletha  Mathew
name: H.E. Nonga
name: R.R.  Kazwala
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial disease affecting animals and humans with severe health and economic consequences world-wide.
Objective: The present cross-sectional study was carried out to determine circulating Brucella species in wildlife in Serengeti ecosystem using molecular techniques.
Methodology: About 189 samples including blood, serum and amniotic fluid from buffalos, lions, wildebeest, impala, zebra and hyena that were collected in relation to different projects were used. Two Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular techniques for detection of B. abortus and B. melitensis were used on the samples.
Results: Out of 189 samples examined, 12 (6.4%) and 22 (11.6%) were positive for Brucella as detected by AMOS-PCR and qPCR, respectively. Positive samples were from lions (52.6%) and buffaloes (19.6%). Other animals that were positive includes wildebeest, impala, zebra and hyena. Out of 22 positive samples 16 (66.7%) were identified as B. abortus and the rest were B. melitensis.
Conclusion: Detection of zoonotic Brucella species in wildlife suggests that livestock and humans at the interface areas are at risk of acquiring the infection hence the need for control strategy. The findings shed lights on the transmission dynamics around interface areas and the role of wildlife in maintenance and transmission of Brucella infection in the region.
A GEM based TPC for beam monitoring
Creators: name: Galgóczi, Gábor
name: Hamar, Gergő
name: Pázmándi, Péter
name: Varga, Dezső
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years Gas Electron Multipliers have proven to be reliable amplification stages at high beam rates, and can be used also in Time Projection Chambers. Our group developed a 1 dm$^3$ active volume double-GEM TPC, with spatial resolution of 50 $μm$ and 280 $μ$m. Custom designed FPGA data acquisition system enables rate capability for about 100 kHz$\cdot$mm$^{-2}$, providing excellent track-by-track position and angular information, better than 0.1 mm and 1 mrad respectively. The wide dynamic range of the system enables identification from $^{4}$He up to $^{86}$Kr using ionization measurement. Two of these TPCs are planned to operate in tandem mode to filter off-time particles and to achieve a superior angular resolution.
Understanding the facilitators and barriers for HIV positive sero-status disclosure to spouses/sexual partners: Implications for health outcomes in Mwanza –Tanzania
Creators: name: Sanga, Erica Samson
name: Z.  Nampewo
name: G.  PrayGod
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: The abstract is about understanding the facilitators and barriers for sharing HIV positive results to spouses/sexual partners in Mwanza –Tanzania
Objectives of the study
The aim of the study was to explore and describe the determinants for sharing HIV positive results to spouses/sexual partners and its implication for engagement/ adherence in HIV care for PLHIV in Mwanza city-Tanzania.
How was the study conducted?
This is a qualitative study (focusing on experiences, opinions and perspective of a situation) that is nested in an on-going large HIV cohort study at NIMR- Mwanza. We conducted individual interviews and focus group discussions
Results
Majority of the people interviewed had shared their results to partners. Some were are still unsure whether to share or not. The facilitators for sharing were harmony at home and fear of the partner finding out from other people or accidentally finding ART in the house. The barriers were fear of stigma, blame, rejection, abandonment, partner violence/divorce. There was moral and financial support from partners where sharing of results was done while adherence to medication was difficulty for others.

Conclusion
More efforts and strategies are needed to overcome the fears attached to disclosure such as the establishment of HIV clubs and strengthening the anonymous partner notification programs
On the sum of the index of a parabolic subalgebra and of its nilpotent radical
Creators: name: Yu, Rupert W. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B20

description: In this short note, we investigate the following question of Panyushev : ``Is the sum of the index of a parabolic subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and the index of its nilpotent radical always greater than or equal to the rank of $\mathfrak{g}$?''. Using the formula for the index of parabolic subalgebras conjectured by Tauvel and the author, and proved by Millet-Fauquant and Joseph, we give a positive answer to this question. Moreover, we also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for this sum to be equal to the rank of $\mathfrak{g}$. This provides new examples of direct sum decomposition of a semisimple Lie algebra verifying the ``index additivity condition'' as stated by Ra{\"ı}s.
description: Author's affiliation added in the second version
A Statistical Study of Solar Radio Type III Bursts and Space Weather Implication
Creators: name: Ndacyayisenga, Theogene
name: Uwamahoro, Jean
name: Raja, K. Sasikumar
name: Monstein, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar radio bursts (SRBs) are the signatures of various phenomena that happen in the solar corona and interplanetary medium (IPM). In this article, we have studied the occurrence of Type III bursts and their association with the Sunspot number. This study confirms that the occurrence of Type III bursts correlates well with the Sunspot number. Further, using the data obtained using the e-CALLISTO network, we have investigated the drift rates of isolated Type III bursts and the duration of the group of Type III bursts. Since Type II, Type III, and Type IV bursts are signatures of solar flares and/or CMEs, we can use the radio observations to predict space weather hazards. In this article, we have discussed two events that have caused near-Earth radio blackouts. Since e-CALLISTO comprises more than 152 stations at different longitudes, we can use it to monitor the radio emissions from the solar corona 24 hours a day. Such observations play a crucial role in monitoring and predicting space weather hazards within a few minutes to hours of time.
description: Accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research, 15 Pages, 2 Tables, 7 Figures
A Novel Mechanism for Type-I Superconductivity in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Charbonneau, James
name: Zhitnitsky, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a mechanism that may resolve a conflict raised by Link between the precession of a neutron star and the standard picture in which its core is composed of a mixture of a neutron superfluid and a type-II proton superconductor. We will show that if there is a persistent, non-dissipating current running along the magnetic flux tubes, the force between magnetic flux tubes may be attractive, resulting in a type-I, rather than a type-II, superconductor. If this is the case, the conflict between the observed precession and the canonical estimation of the Landau-Ginzburg parameter (which suggests type II behaviour) will be automatically resolved. Such a current arises in some condensed matter systems and may also appear in QCD dense matter as a consequence of quantum anomalies. We calculate the interaction between two vortices carrying a current j and find a constraint on the magnitude of j where a superconductor is always type-I, even when the cannonical Landau-Ginzburg parameter indicates type-II behaviour. If this condition is met, the magnetic field is expelled from the superconducting regions of the neutron star leading to the formation of the intermediate state where alternating domains of superconducting matter and normal matter coexist. We further argue that even when the induced current is small the vortex Abrikosov lattice will nevertheless be destroyed due to the helical instability studied previously in many condensed matter systems. This would also resolve the apparent contradiction with the precession of the neutron stars. We also discuss some instances where anomalous induced current may play a crucial role, such as the neutron star kicks, pulsar glitches and the toroidal magnetic field.
description: 10 pages, Additional arguments are given supporting the idea that the Abrikosov lattice will be destroyed in regions where longitudinal currents are induced
The Lawson homology and Deligne-Beilinson cohomology for Fulton-MacPherson configuration spaces
Creators: name: Hu, Wenchuan
name: Li, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F43

description: In this paper, we compute the Lawson homology groups and Deligne-Beilinson cohomology groups for Fulton-MacPherson configuration spaces. The explicit formulas are given.
description: 13 pages
Citizenship Relative deprivation, social identity and radicalization
Creators: name: Aissaoui, Mehdi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 180114 Human Rights Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 220104 Human Rights and Justice Issues
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 160602 Citizenship
subject: Law
subject: 180119 Law and Society

description: The perceived relative deprivation in regards to citizenship among second generation immigrants can be interpreted as a manifestation to the subjective dimension of citizenship, as it represents in its substructure an identity and belonging. Hence, the exclusion of the second-generation immigrants from acquiring such status can be perceived as an ingroup exclusion, of which beside hindering the process of national identification, it also fuels the feeling of perceived discrimination along with a quest for an alternative identity. an alternative well-capitalized by extremist organizations to sway the vulnerable youths into the path of radicalization. the questions that arise here are; What is the role of national identity in preventing radicalization? Why France by contrast, have high levels of radicalization despite its inclusive citizenship?
Identification of high energy gamma-ray sources and source populations in the era of deep all-sky coverage
Creators: name: Reimer, Olaf
name: Torres, Diego F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large fraction of the anticipated source detections by the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST-LAT) will initially be unidentified. We argue that traditional approaches to identify individuals and/or populations of gamma ray sources will encounter procedural limitations. Those limitations are discussed on the background of source identifications from EGRET observations. Generally, our ability to classify (faint) source populations in the anticipated GLAST dataset with the required degree of statistical confidence will be hampered by sheer source wealth. A new paradigm for achieving the classification of gamma ray source populations is discussed.
description: Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, Proc. of "The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources (Third Workshop on the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources)", Barcelona, July 4-7, 2006
Alcohol Consumption Modifies Susceptibility of Cervical-Mucosa-Derived CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 Entry
Creators: name: Driciru, Emmanuella
name: Kitandwe, Paul K.
name: Galiwango, Ronald
name: Muwanda, Fahad
name: Mirembe, Violet
name: Kawoozo, Barbara
name: Lutwama, Fredrick
name: Muwanga, Moses
name: Bagaya, Bernard S.
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: 1)To compare the frequency of CD4+ T cell types (main cell target for HIV)between alcohol-consumers and non-alcohol-consumers. 2)To determine how alcohol consumption affects permissiveness of the CD4+ T cells to HIV entry.
Methods: With approval of the School of Biomedical Sciences–Higher Degrees Research and Ethics Committee (SBS-HDREC), We recruited 53 HIV negative, non-pregnant women from Kasenyi and Kigungu fisherfolk. Using the WHO’s Alcohol-Use-Disorder-Test cutoff score of >=8/40 and <8/40, participants were categorized as Alcohol-Consumers (27) or non-Alcohol-Consumers (26) respectively. Cells from the Female-Reproductive-Tract (FRT) cervical lining and blood cells were stained with “dyes” to identify CD4+T cells. To measure permissiveness to HIV entry, cells were exposed to HIV particles and amount of HIV virus in the cells was measured after 3 days.
Results: We observed similar CD4+T cell frequency in the two study groups (p=0.451). HIV entry into FRT CD4+T cells was four times higher (p=0.0001) than entry into blood CD4+T cells. HIV entry into FRT CD4+T cells of alcohol-consumers was two times higher (P=0.0185). than those from non-alcohol-consumers.
Conclusion: CD4+T cells from the FRT are more prone to HIV entry than blood CD4+ T cells. Also, CD4+ T cells from alcohol-consumers are more prone to HIV entry than those from non-alcohol-consumers