cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cost of Capital for Agricultural Cooperatives
Creators: name: Pederson, Glenn
name: Pederson, Glenn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: cooperatives
subject: cost of capital
subject: capital structure
subject: equity capital
subject: discounted
subject: cash flow
subject: economic value added
subject: financial leverage

description: The cost of capital is important in the financial management of agricultural cooperatives. A measure of the cost of capital is required when evaluating various aspects of strategic business plans, e.g., selecting a financial leverage position, calculating the profitability of alternative investment opportunities, measuring economic value-added, and comparing various merger and acquisition plans. The task of determining the appropriate cost of capital to use requires a careful analysis of the effect of alternative financing choices which are open to a cooperative. This report considers the close relationship between the cost of capital and capital structure. Ways are examined to determine the cost of capital by a cooperative. The report sequentially identifies: principles of capital structure and cost of capital, guidelines for capital structure choice, and applications of these guidelines through cooperative case examples. These applications are a starting point for cooperatives to develop capital positions and consider alternative assumptions about financing sources and their potential impacts on the overall cost of capital. To determine the overall cost of capital for a selected capital structure, a cooperative must first determine its cost of equity capital. The cost of equity capital cannot be derived directly from the market, as in the case of a publicly traded firm. Thus, there is no ideal method for determining the cost of capital for a cooperative. So an innovative approach is needed. The opportunity cost of funds approach relates the cost of capital to the rates of return from alternative uses of capital (i.e., the assets side of the balance sheet). The focus is on the expected (or required) rates of return from alternative investments which reflects the degree of risk involved. The discounted cash flow approach relates the cost of capital to the alternative sources of capital (i.e., the liabilities and equity capital side of the balance sheet). The component costs of equity and debt capital are combined into an overall cost of capital for the cooperative. Both approaches require making some assumptions to determine the cost of equity capital for a cooperative.
Financial Statistics of the Largest Dairy Cooperatives, 1980 - 1995
Creators: name: Kane, Michael D.
name: Kane, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cooperatives
subject: dairy cooperatives
subject: financial performance
subject: ratio analysis
subject: balance sheet
subject: income statement

description: Farmer cooperatives are a major force in the U.S. dairy industry. Their share of U.S. milk marketings rose from 53 percent in 1950 to 88 percent by 1995. Dairy cooperatives held an estimated $5.4 billion in assets in 1995. Members owned about 37 percent of the assets and creditors financed the balance with either short- or long-term debt. Hence, the financial status of dairy cooperatives is vital to not only cooperative member-owners and management but also to creditors. This study presents a compilation of financial data obtained from the annual reports of the nation’s largest dairy cooperatives between 1980 and 1995. Financial data and ratios are presented for the group as a whole. The data and derived information can be used by cooperative management and creditors to gauge the financial health of an individual dairy cooperative compared with the large cooperative dairy industry.
Member Participation in Agricultural Cooperatives: A Regression and Scale Analysis
Creators: name: Gray, Thomas W.
name: Kraenzle, Charles A.
name: Gray, Thomas W.
name: Kraenzle, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cooperatives
subject: dairy members
subject: participation

description: This research identifies characteristics that influence member participation in cooperatives. Participation measures include attendance at meetings, serving on committees, serving as an elected officer, and recruiting other farmers to become members. Nineteen characteristics were found statistically related to participation, and include farm characteristics, member demographics, beliefs in cooperative principles, collective action, member influence, cooperative impartiality, and satisfaction with farming and cooperative officers.
Sensitivity of one-neutron knockout of halo nuclei to their nuclear structure
Creators: name: Hebborn, Chloë
name: Capel, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Halo nuclei are located far from stability and exhibit a very peculiar structure. Due to their very short lifetime, they are often studied through reactions. Breakup reactions are of particular interest since their cross sections are large for these loosely-bound nuclei. Inclusive measurements of breakup--also called knockout reactions--have even higher statistics. In this proceeding, we study which nuclear-structure information can be inferred from the parallel-momentum distribution of the core of one-neutron halo nuclei after the knockout of its halo neutron. In particular, we analyse the influence of the ground-state wavefunction, the presence of excited states within the halo-nucleus spectrum and resonances in the core-neutron continuum. Our analysis shows that such observables are sensitive to the tail of the ground-state wavefunction. The presence of excited state decreases the breakup strength, and this flux is transferred to the inelastic-scattering channel. This indicates a conservation of the flux within each partial wave. We also show that the parallel-momentum distributions are insensitive to the existence of resonances within the continuum, they can thus be ignored in practice. This independence on the continuum argues that the parallel-momentum distributions are ideal observables to extract very precisely the ANCs of halo nuclei.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, INPC 2019 proceedings
A New Approach To Measuring Dairy Cooperative Performance
Creators: name: Ling, K. Charles
name: Liebrand, Carolyn
name: Ling, K. Charles
name: Liebrand, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Economic rent
subject: extra value index
subject: cooperatives
subject: dairy
subject: performance ranking

description: This report prescribes a new method to evaluate and compare operational performance of dairy cooperatives. A cooperative is creating extra value if its net operating margin can more than cover its operating cost, including the opportunity cost of operating capital (the sum of fixed assets and working capital). The extra-value measure can be common-sized by operating capital to create an extra-value index (EVI). The scale-neutral index is an objective measure for comparing operating efficiency between dairy cooperatives and dairy investor-owned firms (IOFs). Using actual data, performance rankings of firms by EVI and by return on equity (ROE) differed somewhat. Dairy cooperatives performed as well as IOFs, based on both EVI and ROE.
Cooperative Pooling Operations
Creators: name: Jermolowicz, Andrew A.
name: Jermolowicz, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperative
subject: pooling
subject: fruit
subject: vegetables
subject: marketing

description: Pooling is a marketing practice distinct to cooperatives and refers to a particular method by which a cooperative markets the crops of its producer-members. Commodity pools are most prevalent in the fruit, vegetable, nut, rice, and dairy industries. This report will discuss the pooling practices of fruit and vegetable cooperatives as a marketing alternative for their producer-members. The intent of this report is to clarify cooperative pooling practices and to present the structural, managerial, financial, and coordination aspects of a successful commodity pooling program.
Center of mass rotation and vortices in an attractive Bose gas
Creators: name: Collin, Anssi
name: Lundh, Emil
name: Suominen, Kalle-Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rotational properties of an attractively interacting Bose gas are studied using analytical and numerical methods. We study perturbatively the ground state phase space for weak interactions, and find that in an anharmonic trap the rotational ground states are vortex or center of mass rotational states; the crossover line separating these two phases is calculated. We further show that the Gross-Pitaevskii equation is a valid description of such a gas in the rotating frame and calculate numerically the phase space structure using this equation. It is found that the transition between vortex and center of mass rotation is gradual; furthermore the perturbative approach is valid only in an exceedingly small portion of phase space. We also present an intuitive picture of the physics involved in terms of correlated successive measurements for the center of mass state.
description: version2, 17 pages, 5 figures (3 eps and 2 jpg)
Observation of boundary induced chiral anomaly bulk states and their transport properties
Creators: name: Wang, Mudi
name: Ma, Qiyun
name: Liu, Shan
name: Zhang, Ruo-Yang
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Ke, Manzhu
name: Liu, Zhengyou
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The robust transport of edge modes is perhaps the most useful property of topological materials. The existence of edge modes is guaranteed by the bulk-edge correspondence, which states that the number of topological edge modes is determined by the bulk topological invariants. To obtain robust transport on the edge, we need to make volumetric changes to many bulk atoms to control the properties of a few edge atoms in a lower dimension. We suggest here that we can do the reverse in some cases: the properties of the edge can guarantee chiral transport phenomena in some bulk modes, achieving phenomena that are essentially the same as those observed in topological valley-Hall systems. Specifically, we show that a topologically trivial 2D hexagonal phononic crystal slab (waveguide) bounded by hardwall boundaries guarantees the existence of bulk modes with chiral anomaly inside a pseudogap. We experimentally observed robust valley-selected transport, complete valley state conversion, and valley focusing of the chiral anomaly bulk states (CABSs) in such phononic crystal waveguides.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
On the average complexity of the $k$-level
Creators: name: Chiu, Man-Kwun
name: Felsner, Stefan
name: Scheucher, Manfred
name: Schnider, Patrick
name: Steiner, Raphael
name: Valtr, Pavel
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2020

description: $\newcommand{\LL}{\mathcal{L}}\newcommand{\SS}{\mathcal{S}}$Let \(\LL\) be an arrangement of \(n\) lines in the Euclidean plane. The \(k\)-level of \(\LL\) consists of all vertices \(v\) of the arrangement which have exactly \(k\) lines of \(\LL\) passing below \(v\). The complexity (the maximum size) of the \(k\)-level in a line arrangement has been widely studied. In 1998 Dey proved an upper bound of \(O(n\cdot (k+1)^{1/3})\). Due to the correspondence between lines in the plane and great-circles on the sphere, the asymptotic bounds carry over to arrangements of great-circles on the sphere, where the \(k\)-level denotes the vertices at distance \(k\) to a marked cell, the south pole. We prove an upper bound of \(O((k+1)^2)\) on the expected complexity of the \((\le k)\)-level in great-circle arrangements if the south pole is chosen uniformly at random among all cells. We also consider arrangements of great \((d-1)\)-spheres on the \(d\)-sphere \(\SS^d\) which are orthogonal to a set of random points on \(\SS^d\). In this model, we prove that the expected complexity of the \(k\)-level is of order \(\Theta((k+1)^{d-1})\). In both scenarios, our bounds are independent of $n$, showing that the distribution of arrangements under our sampling methods differs significantly from other methods studied in the literature, where the bounds do depend on $n$.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020)
George Sudarshan and Quantum Dynamics
Creators: name: Modi, Kavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These are my recollections of working with George Sudarshan from 2002 to 2008 when I was a PhD student in his group. During these years I learnt a lot of physics and also witness to some remarkable occurrences.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0903.2724
Local Farm Supply, Marketing Cooperatives Financial Trends: Changes in the 1990s
Creators: name: Eversull, E. Eldon
name: Eversull, E. Eldon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperatives
subject: balance sheet
subject: income statement
subject: farm supply
subject: marketing
subject: sales
subject: financial ratios

description: This report analyzes the balance sheets and income statements of 208 local farm sup ply and marketing cooperatives, comparing information from 1991 through 1997. The data represent four cooperative sizes and types. Common-size income statements and balance sheets are used to compare and contrast these cooperatives. Charts are used to look for trends in major balance sheet and income statement items and financial ratios.
Lepturges (Lepturges) laeteguttatus Bates 1885
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Lepturges
Lepturges laeteguttatus

description: 39. Lepturges (Lepturges) laeteguttatus Bates, 1885
Type locality — Panama, Chiriquí: Bugaba. (BMNH). Distribution — Panama.
 Lepturges laeteguttatus Bates, 1885: 402, pl. 24, fig. 15; Chemsak & Linsley, 1970: 413 (lect.); Chemsak et al., 1992: 141 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Analytic treatment of the two loop equal mass sunrise graph
Creators: name: Laporta, S.
name: Remiddi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two loop equal mass sunrise graph is considered in the continuous d-dimensional regularisation for arbitrary values of the momentum transfer. After recalling the equivalence of the expansions at d=2 and d=4, the second order differential equation for the scalar Master Integral is expanded in (d-2) and solved by the variation of the constants method of Euler up to first order in (d-2) included. That requires the knowledge of the two independent solutions of the associated homogeneous equation, which are found to be related to the complete elliptic integrals of the first kind of suitable arguments. The behaviour and expansions of all the solutions at all the singular points of the equation are exhaustively discussed and written down explicitly.
description: 33 pages, LaTeX, v2: +1 figure; v3: changes in the conclusions; simplifications in the recurrences (6.3) and (6.9)
Tracking moving objects through scattering media via speckle correlations
Creators: name: Jauregui-Sánchez, Y.
name: Penketh, Harry
name: Bertolotti, Jacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Scattering can rapidly degrade our ability to form an optical image, to the point where only speckle-like patterns can be measured. Truly non-invasive imaging through a strongly scattering obstacle is difficult, and usually reliant on a computationally intensive numerical reconstruction. In this work we show that, by combining the cross-correlations of the measured speckle pattern at different times, it is possible to track a moving object with minimal computational effort and over a large field of view.
On the Performance of PDCCH in LTE and 5G New Radio
Creators: name: Chen, Hongzhi
name: Mi, De
name: Fuentes, Manuel
name: Garro, Eduardo
name: Carcel, Jose Luis
name: Mouhouche, Belkacem
name: Xiao, Pei
name: Tafazolli, Rahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: 5G New Radio (NR) Release 15 has been specified in June 2018. It introduces numerous changes and potential improvements for physical layer data transmissions, although only point-to-point (PTP) communications are considered. In order to use physical data channels such as the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), it is essential to guarantee a successful transmission of control information via the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). Taking into account these two aspects, in this paper, we first analyze the PDCCH processing chain in NR PTP as well as in the state-of-the-art Long Term Evolution (LTE) point-to-multipoint (PTM) solution, i.e., evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS). Then, via link level simulations, we compare the performance of the two technologies, observing the Bit/Block Error Rate (BER/BLER) for various scenarios. The objective is to identify the performance gap brought by physical layer changes in NR PDCCH as well as provide insightful guidelines on the control channel configuration towards NR PTM scenarios.
description: Globecomm 2018 workshop, 6 pages, 7 figs
title: Forecasting banking system liquidity using payment system data in Uzbekistan
Creators: name: Makhmudov, Shakhzod Abdullaevich
Publisher: name: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/007ygn379
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Working Paper ; no. 05/2025
Financial Performance of Local Farm Supply, Marketing Cooperatives, 1997
Creators: name: Rotan, Beverly L.
name: Rotan, Beverly L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperatives
subject: balance sheet
subject: income statement
subject: farm supply
subject: marketing
subject: sales
subject: financial ratios

description: This report analyzes the balance sheets and income statements of local farm supply and marketing cooperatives, comparing 1996 and 1997 and trends over the past 10 years. The data in this report represent four cooperative sizes and types. Common size income statements and balance sheets are used to compare different cooperative sizes and types. Trends for major balance sheet and income statement items and ratio analysis are used to compare and contrast cooperatives by size and type.
Lepturges (Lepturges) limpidus Bates 1872
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Lepturges
Lepturges limpidus

description: 40. Lepturges (Lepturges) limpidus Bates, 1872
Type locality — Nicaragua, Chontales. (BMNH). Distribution — Mexico (Veracruz) to Panama, Colombia to southern Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.
 Lepturges limpidus Bates, 1872: 216; 1881a: 166 (distr.); Franz, 1954: 227 (distr.); Chemsak & Linsley, 1970: 413 (lect.); Monné, 1978a: 10 (syn.); Tavakilian et al., 1997: 316 (hosts); Monné, 2001b: 19 (cat. hosts).
 Lepturges limpida; Chemsak et al., 1992: 141 (cat.); Maes et al., 1994: 44 (distr.); Chemsak & Noguera, 1995: 68 (distr.); Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 406 (cat.).
 Lepturges fasciculatus Melzer, 1928: 149, pl. 24, fig. 8; Zikán & Wygodzinsky, 1948: 56 (type); Zischka, 1948: 8 (distr.); Zajciw, 1974a: 73 (distr.); Monné, 1975a: 56 (syn.); 1976a: 360, fig. 21.
Type locality — Brazil, Espírito Santo: Guandú. (MZSP).
 Lepturges peruviana Gilmour, 1962b: 547, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Type locality — Peru, Junin: Chanchamayo. (MNHN).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Improving the Generalization of Unseen Crowd Behaviors for Reinforcement Learning based Local Motion Planners
Creators: name: Ng, Wen Zheng Terence
name: Chen, Jianda
name: Pan, Sinno Jialin
name: Zhang, Tianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deploying a safe mobile robot policy in scenarios with human pedestrians is challenging due to their unpredictable movements. Current Reinforcement Learning-based motion planners rely on a single policy to simulate pedestrian movements and could suffer from the over-fitting issue. Alternatively, framing the collision avoidance problem as a multi-agent framework, where agents generate dynamic movements while learning to reach their goals, can lead to conflicts with human pedestrians due to their homogeneity.
 To tackle this problem, we introduce an efficient method that enhances agent diversity within a single policy by maximizing an information-theoretic objective. This diversity enriches each agent's experiences, improving its adaptability to unseen crowd behaviors. In assessing an agent's robustness against unseen crowds, we propose diverse scenarios inspired by pedestrian crowd behaviors. Our behavior-conditioned policies outperform existing works in these challenging scenes, reducing potential collisions without additional time or travel.
Marketing Operations of Dairy Cooperatives
Creators: name: Ling, K. Charles
name: Ling, K. Charles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperatives
subject: dairy products
subject: marketing
subject: milk
subject: structure

description: The Nation’s 226 dairy cooperatives marketed 127.4 billion pounds of milk, or 83 percent of all milk sold to plants and dealers, in 1997. These cooperatives were owned by 87,938 member-producers. Sixty-three cooperatives operated 203 dairy processing and manufacturing plants, 25 with milk-receiving stations only and 138 with no milkhandling facilities. Cooperatives sold 14 percent of the Nation’s packaged fluid products, 6 percent of the ice cream, 61 percent of the butter, 76 percent of the dry milk products, 40 percent of the natural cheese, 48 percent of the dry whey products, and 10 percent of the cottage cheese.
Universal Characteristic Factors and Furstenberg Averages
Creators: name: Ziegler, Tamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A30, 37A25

description: Let X=(X^0,μ,T) be an ergodic measure preserving system. For a natural number k we consider the averages (*) 1/N \sum_{n=1}^N \prod_{j=1}^k f_j(T^{n a_j}x) where the functions f_j are bounded, and a_j are integers. A factor of X is characteristic for averaging schemes of length k (or k-characteristic) if for any non zero distinct integers a_1,...,a_k, the limiting L^2(μ) behavior of the averages in (*) is unaltered if we first project the functions f_j onto the factor. A factor of X is a k-universal characteristic factor (k-u.c.f)} if it is a k-characteristic factor, and a factor of any k-characteristic factor. We show that there exists a unique k-u.c.f, and it has a structure of a (k-1)-step nilsystem, more specifically an inverse limit of (k-1)-step nilflows. Using this we show that the averages in (*) converge in L^2(μ). This provides an alternative proof to the one given by Host and Kra in 2002.
description: 47 pages
Additional file 1 of Antimicrobial use and resistance in food-producing animals and the environment: an African perspective
Creators: name: Zuhura Kimera
name: Mshana, Stephen
name: Rweyemamu, Mark
name: Mboera, Leonard
name: Mecky Matee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Data generated.
Bayesian Analysis of the Chaplygin Gas and Cosmological Constant Models using the SNe Ia Data
Creators: name: Colistete, R.
name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Gonçalves, S. V. B.
name: de Souza, P. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The type Ia supernovae observational data are used to estimate the parameters of a cosmological model with cold dark matter and the Chaplygin gas. The Chaplygin gas model depends essentially on four parameters: the Hubble constant, the velocity of the sound of the Chaplygin gas, the curvature of the Universe and the fraction density of the Chaplygin gas and the cold dark matter. The Bayesian parameter estimation yields $H_0 = 62.1^{+3.3}_{-3.4} km/Mpc.s$, $Ω_{k0} = -0.84^{+1.51}_{-1.23}$, $Ω_{m0} = 0.0^{+0.82}_{-0.0}$, $% Ω_{c0} = 1.40^{1.15}_{-1.16}$, $\bar{A} = c_s^2 = 0.93^{+0.07}_{-0.21} c $, $t_0 = 14.2^{+2.8}_{-1.3} Gy$ and $q_0 = - 0.98^{+1.02}_{-0.62}$. These and other results indicate that a Universe completely dominated by the Chaplygin gas is favoured, at least as the type Ia supernovae data are concerned. A closed and accelerating Universe is also favoured. The Bayesian statistics indicates that the Chaplygin gas model is more likely than the standard cosmological constant ($ΛCDM$) model at 55.3% confidence level when an integration on all free parameters is performed. Assuming the spatially flat curvature, this percentage mounts to 65.3%. On the other hand, if the density of dark matter is fixed at zero value, the Chaplygin gas model becomes more preferred than the $ΛCDM$ model at 91.8% confidence level. Finally, the hypothesis of flat Universe and baryonic matter ($Ω_{b0}=0.04$) implies a Chaplygin gas model preferred over the $ΛCDM$ at a confidence level of 99.4%.
description: 19 pages, LaTeX 2e, 4 EPS figures, uses graphicx
Towards Quantum Superpositions of a Mirror: an Exact Open Systems Analysis
Creators: name: Bassi, A.
name: Ippoliti, E.
name: Adler, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the recently proposed mirror superposition experiment of Marshall, Simon, Penrose, and Bouwmeester, assuming that the mirror's dynamics contains a non-unitary term of the Lindblad type proportional to -[q,[q,ρ]], with q the position operator for the center of mass of the mirror, and ρthe statistical operator. We derive an exact formula for the fringe visibility for this system. We discuss the consequences of our result for tests of environmental decoherence and of collapse models. In particular, we find that with the conventional parameters for the CSL model of state vector collapse, maintenance of coherence is expected to within an accuracy of at least 1 part in 10^{8}. Increasing the apparatus coupling to environmental decoherence may lead to observable modifications of the fringe visibility, with time dependence given by our exact result.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX. Substantial changes made
Access to French immersion programs and inclusive teaching practices in the classroom
Creators: name: Kippan, Lindsey L.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: French Immersion programs are becoming increasingly popular in British Columbia schools, but most still view this as a program for students who do not require any special attention,(non-learning disabled and non-English speaker). This paper looks at the accessibility and suitability of various types of students to French Immersion programs and includes a review of the literature on students in French Immersion with special needs such as learning disabled students, gifted students and English language learning students. It has been shown that students of every type are able to be successful in French Immersion programs, provided that the teacher varies the approach and strategies used in the classroom(differentiated instruction) and recognizes the theory of multiple intelligences. Finally, a presentation of the Late French Immersion program is offered to inform prospective students and parents of the program.
Temperature Anisotropy of the CMBR and the Non-zero Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Schee, Jan
name: Boj, Evariste N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of a spherically symmetric clump on the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation temperature in the framework of the standard model of cosmology with a non-zero cosmological constant $Λ$ and we show that it weakens the Rees-Sciama effect.
GLAST's GBM Burst Trigger
Creators: name: Band, D.
name: Briggs, M.
name: Connaughton, V.
name: Kippen, M.
name: Preece, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) will detect and localize bursts for the GLAST mission, and provide the spectral and temporal context in the traditional 10 keV to 25 MeV band for the high energy observations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT). The GBM will use traditional rate triggers in up to three energy bands, and on a variety of timescales between 16 ms and 16 s.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 2003 GRB Conference (Santa Fe, NM, 2003 Sep 8-12)
Periodic diffraction patterns for 1D quasicrystals
Creators: name: Buczek, Pawel
name: Sadun, Lorenzo
name: Wolny, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model of 1D structure based on a Fibonacci sequence with variable atomic spacings is proposed. The model allows for observation of the continuous transition between periodic and non-periodic diffraction patterns. The diffraction patterns are calculated analytically both using ``cut and project'' and ``average unit cell'' methods, taking advantage of the physical space properties of the structure.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, the language was polished. References added: [18], [23] & [28]. Paper accepted to Acta Physica Polonica B
Contact resistivity due to oxide layers between two REBCO tapes
Creators: name: Lu, Jun
name: Xin, Yan
name: Lochner, Eric
name: Radcliff, Kyle
name: Levitan, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a no-insulation (NI) REBCO magnet, the turn-to-turn contact resistivity (Rc) determines its quench self-protection capability, charging delay time and the energy loss during field ramps. Therefore it is critically important to be able to control a range of Rc values suitable for various NI magnet coils. We used a commercial oxidizing agent Ebonol C to treat the copper surface of REBCO tapes. The copper oxide layer was characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oxide layer formed in Ebonol C at 98 °C for 1 min is Cu2O of about 0.5 um. The Rc between two oxidized REBCO is in the order of 35 mOhm-cm2 at 4.2 K which decreases slowly with contact pressure cycles. The Rc increases but only slightly at 77 K. We also investigated the effect of oxidation of stainless steel co-wind tape on Rc. The native oxides on 316 stainless steel tape as well as those heated in air at 200 - 600 °C were examined by TEM and XPS. The native oxides layer is about 3 nm thick. After heating at 300 °C for 8 min and 600 °C for 1 min, its thickness increases to about 10 and 30 nm respectively. For the stainless steel tapes with about 10 nm surface oxides, pressure cycling for 30,000 cycles decreases Rc by almost 4 orders of magnitude. Whereas at 77 K, it only changes slightly. For a surface with 30 nm oxide, the Rc decreases moderately with load cycles. The results suggest that for an oxidized stainless steel to achieve stable Rc over large number of load cycles a relatively thick oxide film is needed.
description: 10 figures
The Impact of Imperfect Information on the Transactions of Contaminated Properties
Creators: name: Zabel, Jeffrey
name: Zabel, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: land cleanup
subject: reuse
subject: brownfields
subject: asymmetric information
subject: market for lemons

description: The well documented existence of hundreds of thousands of contaminated properties is a major environmental problem in the United States. Recently, there has been a lot of discussion in the academic literature and political arena about the benefits of the redevelopment of contaminated sites. Given that there may be positive net benefits, why is it that these sites have not been clean up and redeveloped? The focus of this paper is analyzing how incomplete information can deter the transactions of contaminated sites. First, a model of contaminated property transactions is developed. Second, the concept of incomplete information is defined and applied to this model. It is then shown how incomplete information can deter socially optimal transactions of contaminated properties. Third, a framework for empirically estimating the impact of incomplete information on property transactions is developed. Fourth, a framework for measuring the associated welfare loss from the reduced rate of property transactions is established. Fifth, recommendations about how to proceed in this relatively new area of research are provided, particularly with respect to estimating the empirical model.
If Geoengineering Is The First Best Step Towards Global Climate Change Control, How Could It Best Be Implemented?
Creators: name: Carlin, Alan
name: Carlin, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Global warming control
subject: global climate change control
subject: implementation
subject: organizational analysis

description: If, as argued elsewhere, geoengineering represents the most efficient and effective first step towards a solution of the global climate change problem, it is important to analyze how such a geoengineering effort might best be organized. A number of possible organizations are discussed and criteria are proposed for judging between them. The paper concludes that since different phases of the program can be carried on by different organizations, involving one or a possibly only a few countries would appear to offer advantages for the early and less politically sensitive research and plan development while international organizations would appear to offer important advantages for the later implementation and maintenance phases. An important question is whether the international organization should be very broadly representative of all nations, such as the United Nations, or have a narrower membership, say of developed countries willing to contribute resources towards actually implementing a plan once it has been agreed to.
Pioneering Studies on LTE eMBMS: Towards 5G Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions
Creators: name: Chen, Hongzhi
name: Mi, De
name: Fuentes, Manuel
name: Vargas, David
name: Garro, Eduardo
name: Carcel, Jose Luis
name: Mouhouche, Belkacem
name: Xiao, Pei
name: Tafazolli, Rahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The first 5G (5th generation wireless systems) New Radio Release-15 was recently completed. However, the specification only considers the use of unicast technologies and the extension to point-to-multipoint (PTM) scenarios is not yet considered. To this end, we first present in this work a technical overview of the state-of-the-art LTE (Long Term Evolution) PTM technology, i.e., eMBMS (evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services), and investigate the physical layer performance via link-level simulations. Then based on the simulation analysis, we discuss potential improvements for the two current eMBMS solutions, i.e., MBSFN (MBMS over Single Frequency Networks) and SC-PTM (Single-Cell PTM). This work explicitly focus on equipping the current eMBMS solutions with 5G candidate techniques, e.g., multiple antennas and millimeter wave, and its potentials to meet the requirements of next generation PTM transmissions.
description: SAM 2018, 5 pages, 4 figs
Lepturges (Lepturges) linearis Bates 1863
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Lepturges
Lepturges linearis

description: 41. Lepturges (Lepturges) linearis Bates, 1863
Type locality — Brazil, Amazonas: Ega [Tefé]. (MNHN). Distribution — Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso).
 Lepturges linearis Bates, 1863: 369; Monné, 1978a: 8, fig. 8.
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Environmental Challenges Associated With Corn Ethanol Production
Creators: name: Ogg, Clay
name: Ogg, Clay
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biofuel
subject: ethanol
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: deforestation
subject: energy conservation

description: Policies aimed at conserving energy support energy independence, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and benefit consumers. In contrast, support for corn ethanol production raises world commodity prices and pressures the land and water base, as occurred in the U.S. during the plow-out of the seventies. Today, much of the deforestation/sodbusting and the resulting release of hundreds of millions of metric tons of greenhouse gas occurs in tropical countries, like Indonesia, which is the third largest source of greenhouse gases in the world. Increased concern over global warming, sea rise, and threats to life on planet earth could lead to changes in policy in the U.S. and in Europe toward more support for conservation.
^{99,101}Ru NMR and ^{63,65}Cu NQR Study of the Magnetic Superconductors RuSr_{2}EuCu_{2}O_{8} and RuSr_{2}GdCu_{2}O_{8}
Creators: name: Han, Z. H.
name: Budnick, J. I.
name: Hines, W. A.
name: Klamut, P. W.
name: Maxwell, M.
name: Dabrowski, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity on a microscopic scale, local studies using zero-field spin-echo ^{99,101}Ru NMR and ^{63,65}Cu NQR have been carried out on both superconducting and non-superconducting samples of magnetically ordered RuSr_{2}EuCu_{2}O_{8} and RuSr_{2}GdCu_{2}O_{8}. ^{99,101}Ru NMR signals were observed at 1.3 K over two distinct frequency ranges. The high frequency spectra (110 to 150 MHz), which are essentially the same for all samples, are characterized by five sharp peaks for each isotope corresponding to a hyperfine field of approximately 590 kOe with the appropriate quadrupole splitting. The low frequency spectra (40 to 90 MHz), which show significant variation from sample to sample, correspond to a much lower hyperfine field with considerable broadening and quadrupole features that are barely resolvable. As reported previously, the low frequency spectra are attributed to the Ru^{4+} valence state while the high frequency spectra are attributed to the Ru^{5+} valence state. ^{63,65}Cu NQR features were observed (26 to 34 MHz), although with considerable broadening. The results are discussed in terms of the microscopic magnetic structure, mixed valence state for Ru, occupancy of the Ru sites, and the existence and role of impurity phases.
description: submitted to Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter
Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Complex Fracture or Fracture Networks
Creators: name: Wang, HanYi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the behavior of fluid-driven hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured reservoirs is crucial in the development of geothermal energy and unconventional reservoirs. This study presents a fully-coupled numerical model to investigate hydraulic propagation in naturally fractured reservoirs, along with a comprehensive discussion on field observations. The results indicate that, contrary to our common beliefs, "Complex Fracture" rather than "Fracture Networks" is the norm in these naturally fractured reservoirs
Issue 1, Page 30-40.pdf
Creators: name: Sarun, Horn
name: Chanra, Rin
name: Meta, Horn
name: Linan, Horn
name: Pang, Touch
name: Savvong, Chuon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 300299
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management not elsewhere classified

description: AbstractMangroves are important for supporting various marine species and other marine organisms, serving as important breeding grounds and nursery grounds for many important fish species. Overexploitation of mangroves has had a serious impact on marine resources and the livelihoods of people who depend on these resources. According to data from the Fisheries Administration in 2010, approximately 78,405 hectares of mangroves remain. The objectives of this study were to 1) conduct a forest inventory to identify plant species and 2) assess carbon stocks in the study area. The study used the Cambodian National Forest Inventory method, 9 sample plots using circular plots with a radius of 20 m. The results identified nine tree species in the study area: Rhizophora apiculata, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Avicennia alba, Ceriops decandra, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Sonneratia ovata and Sonneratia alba. There was an average of 1,770 ± 268.39 trees per hectare (with DBH ≥ 5 cm). Carbon stocks were estimated to be 46.7 Mg C/ha, equivalent to 171.2 Mg CO2/ha, with a standard error of 47.4. Overall, Excoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzer racemose, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were the dominant mangrove species, and carbon stocks ranged from 26.9 - 66.5 Mg of carbon per hectare. This study highlights the important ecological and economic importance of mangroves, emphasizing the need for sustainable management to conserve these important resources.Keywords: Above ground biomass, Below ground biomass, Carbon, Species diversity, Mangrove Forest
Lepturges (Lepturges) maculosus Gilmour 1959
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Lepturges
Lepturges maculosus

description: 43. Lepturges (Lepturges) maculosus Gilmour, 1959
Type locality — Venezuela, Aragua: Maracay. (ZSMC). Distribution — Venezuela.
 Lepturges maculosa Gilmour, 1959d: 3, fig. 2.
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Elastic fields in superconductors caused by moving vortices
Creators: name: Kogan, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strains in superconductors due to moving vortices and vortex lattices are discussed. It is shown that the energy stored in elastic strains increases with vortex velocity. For moving vortex lattices, the elastic energy depends on velocity orientation relative to the lattice having minimum for the velocity directed along one of the unit cell vectors of the moving lattice. It is shown that for supersonic motion, the vortex induced stress field has a shape similar to supersonic shock waves.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Escape probability of a photon emitted near the black hole horizon
Creators: name: Ogasawara, Kota
name: Igata, Takahisa
name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Miyamoto, Umpei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the escape of photons from the vicinity of the horizon to infinity in the Kerr-Newmann black hole spacetime. We assume that a light source is at rest in a locally nonrotating frame and photons are emitted isotropically. Then, we evaluate the escape probability of the emitted photons. The main result of this paper is the following. If the black hole is extremal with the nondimensional spin parameter $a_*> 1/2$, however close to the horizon the light source would be, the escape probability remains nonzero. The near-horizon limit value of the escape probability is a monotonically increasing function of $a_*$ and takes a maximum $\sim$29.1\% at $a_*=1$, i.e., for the extremal Kerr case. On the other hand, if the black hole is extremal with $0\leq a_*\leq 1/2$ or if the black hole is subextremal, the near-horizon limit value is zero.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures