Turritella duplicata
Creators: name: Waite, Richard
name: Allmon, Warren D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Turritellidae
Turritella
Turritella duplicata

description: <i>Turritelladuplicata</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) 1758 <i>Turbo duplicatus</i> Linnaeus: 766. 1758 <i>Turbo acutangulus</i> Linnaeus: 766. 1758 <i>Turbo replicatus</i> Linnaeus: 766. 1822 <i>Turritelladuplicata</i> (Linnaeus) – Lamarck, 1822: 56. 1843 <i>Turritelladuplicata</i> “Lamarck ” – Deshayes &amp; Milne-Edwards, 1843: 251. 1847 <i>Zaria duplicata</i> (Linnaeus) – Gray, 1847: 155. 1849 <i>Turritelladuplicata</i> (Linnaeus) – Reeve, 1849: 571, pl. 1, fig. 2. 1879 <i>Turritelladuplicata</i> “Lamarck ” – Martin, 1879: 69, pl. 11, fig. 13. 1883 <i>Turritella (Zaria) duplicata</i> (Linnaeus) – Tryon, 1883: 224, pl. 67, fig. 59. 1957 <i>Zaria duplicata</i> (Linnaeus) – Marwick, 1957: 165, figs. 40, 47. 2009 <i>Zaria duplicata</i> (Linnaeus) – Harzhauser etal., 2009: 343. DESCRIPTION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Description <i>Turritella duplicata,</i> the two-keeled screw shell, for full descriptions of the shell, see Reeve (1849) and Kiener (1873). Shells can reach at least 160 mm in length and about 40 mm in basal diameter, with at least 25 whorls. Our observations on the soft part anatomy confirm the description provided by Allmon (2011: fig. 2), and the illustrations of Kiener (1873), reproduced here in Figs. 2–6. The head-foot has a short, wide snout, and a pair of long cephalic tentacles, each with an eye situated near the base. The foot itself is relatively small, with a ciliated groove on the right side. The aperture is fringed by two rows of non-branching papillae or tentacles, which prevent the entrance of large particles. The operculum is small, permitting the animal to retreat into the shell far enough to vacate the lowest two whorls. Ratios between the diameters of opercula and the respective shell apertures range between 1.8 and 2.3. Geographic Distribution Indo-West Pacific: from Madagascar to Indonesia; north to the Gujarat coast of India and the Philippines and south to northern Queensland (Poutiers, 1998; Saravanakumar et al., 2007; Fig. 7). It is known to occur in intertidal waters but maximum depth range is unknown. Temporal Distribution It was reported from the Upper Miocene (Martin, 1879), where it was only known from one fossil locality on Java. According to Hoek Ostende et al. (2002), however, that is a misidentification. There is no other published fossil record. Geographical and Geological Setting of the Nopparat Thara Tidal Flat The Nopparat Tharabeach is situated onthe Phang Nga Bay coast and forms the extension of the Ao Nang beach. It lies west of Ao Nang in the district of Krabi, southern Thailand (Fig. 1). Along the Phang Nga coast, sand flats and mud flats alternate with steep cliffs, the mud flats predominantly facing east and the sand flats west. The region’s climateis dominated by the reversing monsoon, which is responsible for a rainy season and south-westerly winds from April to October and a cooler dry season with north-easterly winds from November until March. Rainfall averages around 300 mm / month in the wet season and 50 mm /month in the dry season. Sea surface temperatures range from 27–31°C and salinities are generally between 32 and 33‰ (Tudhope &amp; Scofin, 1994). The Nopparat Thara beach is separated from the Ao Nang beach by a small cliff that defines the eastern end of the studied tidal flat (Fig. 1). The western termination of the tidal flat is an estuary that drains a low-lying swamp area, and forms a busy harbour for long-tail and tourist boats. Tides are semidiurnaland tidalrange during the study period varied between about 3.2 m at spring tide to about 1.0 m at neap tide. Winds during the surveyingperiod were weak, but consistently from the southeast. In the east, the beach is relatively narrow (~ 15 m wide) and the flat is steep, so during low tide a rather narrow expanse of tidal flat is exposed. The beach is narrowest in the central part and then broadens out towards the west. A sand-spit is formed at the estuary mouth due to longshore currents and sediment transport (Fig. 1). Here, a broad expanse of the flat is ex- posed at low tide.
description: Published as part of <i>Waite, Richard &amp; Allmon, Warren D., 2016, Observations on the Biology and Sclerochronology of " Turritella " Duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cerithioidea, Turritellidae) from Southern Thailand, pp. 247-269 in Malacologia 59 (2)</i> on pages 248-250, DOI: 10.4002/040.059.0206, http://zenodo.org/record/6818519
description: {"references": ["LINNAEUS, C., 1758, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diVerentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae, Salvius, 824 pp.", "GRAY, J. E., 1847, A list of the genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15 (178): 129 - 219.", "REEVE, L. A., 1849, Conchologia iconica; or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 5, Reeve Benham &amp; Reeve, London, 644 pp.", "MARTIN, K., 1879, Die Tertiarschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. Geologisches-Reichsmuseum. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 164 pp.", "TRYON, G. W. JR, 1883, Structural and systematic conchology: An introduction to the study of the Mollusca. Vol. 2. George Washington Tryon, Jr., Philadelphia, 430 pp.", "MARWICK, J., 1957, Generic revision of Turritel- lidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 32: 144 - 166.", "HARZHAUSER, M., M. EUTER, W. E. PILLER, B. BERNING, A. KROH &amp; O. MANDIC, 2009, Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 83: 333 - 372.", "WAITE, R. &amp; A. STRASSER, 2011, A comparison of recent and fossil large, high-spired gastropods and their environments. The Nopparat Thara tidal flat in Krabi, South Thailand versus the Swiss Kimmeridgian carbonate platform. Facies, 57: 223 - 248.", "KIENER, L. C. &amp; P. FISCHER, 1873, Genre Turritelle. (Turritella, LAMK). Pp. 1 - 86, in: L. C. KIENER &amp; P. FISCHER, eds., Species general et iconographie des coquilles vivantes comprenant la collection du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris: la collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena (appartenant maintenant a M. B. Delessert) et les decouvertes recentes des voyageurs: Famille des turbinacees. J. - B. Bailliere &amp; Fils, Paris, 232 pp.", "ALLMON, W. D., 2011, Natural history of turritelline gastropods (Cerithioidea: Turritellidae): a status report. Malacologia, 54: 159 - 202.", "POUTIERS, J. M., 1998, Gastropods. Pp. 363 - 648, in: K. E. CARPENTER &amp; V. H. NIEM, eds., FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes, The living resources of the western central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 686 pp.", "SARAVANAKUMAR, A., J. SESH SEREBIAH, G. THIVAKARAN &amp; M. RAJKUMAR, 2007, Benthic macrofaunal assemblage in the arid zone mangroves of Gulf of Kachchh-Gujarat. Journal of Ocean University of China (English Ed.), 6: 303 - 309.", "HOEK OSTENDE, L. W. VAN DEN, J. LELOUX, F. P. WESSELINGH &amp; C. F. WINKLER-PRINS, 2002, Cenozoic Molluscan types from Java (Indonesia) in the Martin Collection (Division of Cenozoic Mollusca), National Museum of Natural History, Leiden. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Technical Bulletin, 5: 1 - 130."]}