cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: How Rigid Are Nominal-Wage Rates?
Creators: name: Crawford, Allan
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2001

description: This study examines the effect of nominal-wage rigidities on wage growth in Canada using a hazard model and micro data for union contracts. The hazard model is specified in a way that allows considerable flexibility in the shape of the estimated notional wage-change distribution. This notional distribution is compared with the observed distribution to estimate the net effect of downward nominal-wage rigidity and menu costs on wage growth. Estimates from alternative versions of the model suggest that the net effect on the average annual growth rate of wages was in the range of 0.10 to 0.18 percentage points in the unionized private sector during the low-inflation period of the 1990s.
description: L'auteur examine l'effet de la rigidité des salaires nominaux sur la croissance des salaires au Canada en faisant appel à un modèle de survie et aux microdonnées se rapportant aux conventions collectives. Le modèle de survie est formulé de manière à permettre une très grande souplesse dans la forme de la distribution théorique des variations salariales que l'on tente d'estimer. L'auteur compare la distribution théorique estimée à la distribution observée afin d'évaluer l'incidence nette de la rigidité à la baisse des rémunérations nominales et de la présence de coûts d'étiquetage sur la progression des salaires. Selon les estimations obtenues à partir de différentes variantes du modèle, l'effet net de ces deux facteurs sur le taux de croissance annuel moyen de la rémunération aurait été de l'ordre de 0,10 à 0,18 point de pourcentage dans les entreprises syndiquées du secteur privé durant la période de faible inflation des années 1990.
Damping of Glass Structures and Components
Creators: name: Lenk, Peter
name: Coult, Graham
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: In this paper, the dynamic properties of a glass structures and glass components will be discussed. A short introduction to dynamic load will be presented as well as the basic principles of calculus used behind the widely understood finite element analysis. A comprehensive review of the various damping concepts, coefficients and physical backgrounds will be summarized. The mathematical model is analyzed by Finite Element Method and by STRAND 7 software system. In this paper, the consideration of various damping concepts using FEM for the harmonic and transient dynamic analysis is addressed. Several key points are summarized.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2 (2010): Challenging Glass 2
Food Environment and Weight Outcomes: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Creators: name: Li, Xun
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
name: Li, Xun
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: food environment
subject: obesity
subject: stochastic frontier

description: Food environment includes the presence of supermarkets, restaurants, warehouse clubs and supercenters, and other food outlets. This paper evaluates weight outcomes from a food environment using a stochastic production frontier and an equation for the determinants of efficiency, where the explanatory variables of the efficiency term include food environment indicators. Using individual consumer data and food environment data from New England counties, empirical results indicate that fruit and vegetables markets and full-service restaurants are negatively associated with weight outcomes, while warehouse clubs and supercenters are positively related. Supermarkets and other grocery stores, convenience stores and limited-service eating places are not significantly linked to weight gain. Farrell’s efficiency indexes are used to rank states and counties and several policy implications are suggested.
MOESM1 of ABCA7 polymorphisms correlate with memory impairment and default mode network in patients with APOEε4-associated Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Chang, Ya-Ting
name: Shih-Wei Hsu
name: Huang, Shu-Hua
name: Chi-Wei Huang
name: Wen-Neng Chang
name: Chia-Yi Lien
name: Lee, Jun-Jun
name: Chen-Chang Lee
name: Chiung-Chih Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 : Figure S1. APOE-ABCA7 (rs3764650) interaction effects on scores in the CVVLT-10 min and CVVLT-cued tests.
Additional file 1 of Cancer immune control dynamics: a clinical data driven model of systemic immunity in patients with metastatic melanoma
Creators: name: Frisch, Harold P.
name: Sprau, Allan
name: McElroy, Virginia F.
name: Turner, James D.
name: Becher, Laura R. E.
name: Nevala, Wendy K.
name: Leontovich, Alexey A.
name: Markovic, Svetomir N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Flow Cytometry and Cytokine Measurement: Detailed methods used to obtain biomarker measurements.
A Structural Estimation of the Employment Effects of Offshoring in the U.S. Labor Market
Creators: name: Wei, Xuan
name: Meng, Xianwei
name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
name: Wei, Xuan
name: Meng, Xianwei
name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Offshoring
subject: Employment
subject: Monotonic Cubic Spline Interpolation
subject: Offshoring Cost

description: In this paper, we generalize the Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (2008) offshoring model to include numerous tasks/skill levels and then empirically investigate the effect of offshoirng on occupational employment for ten major occupational groups (at 2-digit SOC level) in the U.S. labor market using the CPSMORG (Current Population Survey Merged Outgoing Rotation Groups) data from year 1983 to 2011. We first use the non-parametric monotonic cubic spline interpolation method to approximate offshoring cost functions. Results show that among the ten occupational groups, those involved with more impersonal and/or routine tasks have relatively lower offshoring costs in comparison to groups involved in more personal and/or non-routine manual tasks. Based on estimated offshoring costs, we then focus our analysis on five relatively more offshorable occupational groups to further calculate the number of jobs offshored as well as the offshoring percentage by occupation over the sample period. Results indicate: i) production occupations are most offshorable among all five offshorable occupational groups; ii) the offshoring percentage for production occupations has been increasing over time; and iii) offshoring percentages for professional occupations, management, business, and financial operations occupations have been decreasing over time.
title: Testing for a Structural Break in the Volatility of Real GDP Growth in Canada
Creators: name: Debs, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2001

description: This study tests for a structural break in the volatility of real GDP growth in Canada following the methodology of McConnell and Quiros (1998). A break is found in the first quarter of 1991. Based on disaggregated data, the tests indicate a break in the volatility of the rate of change of investment in residential structures and a break in the volatility of the rate of growth of personal expenditures on goods. Three possible explanations are given for the break in the data: a more service-oriented economy, improved inventory management, and a change in monetary policy.
description: L'auteur cherche à déceler la présence d'un point de rupture structurel dans la volatilité de la croissance du PIB réel du Canada selon la méthode utilisée par McConnell et Quiros (1998). Il constate qu'une rupture structurelle s'est produite au premier trimestre de 1991. Les tests appliqués à des données désagrégées indiquent une rupture dans la volatilité du taux de variation de l'investissement dans le parc immobilier résidentiel et une rupture dans la volatilité du taux de croissance des dépenses des particuliers en biens. L'auteur propose trois explications possibles de cette rupture : le poids grandissant des services dans l'économie, l'amélioration de la gestion des stocks et le changement apporté à la conduite de la politique monétaire.
MOESM1 of Visit-to-visit variability of glycemia and vascular complications: the Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort
Creators: name: Slieker, Roderick
name: Heijden, Amber
name: Nijpels, Giel
name: Elders, Petra
name: Hart, Leen
name: Beulens, Joline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Study setup. a) Flowchart of the individuals excluded from the analyses. b) Schematic representation of the calculation of variability in 5-year intervals.
title: Taylor Rules in the Quarterly Projection Model
Creators: name: Armour, Jamie
name: Fung, Ben
name: Maclean, Dinah
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in Taylor-type rules. Evidence in the literature suggests that Taylor-type rules are optimal in a number of models and are fairly robust across different models. The reaction function in the Bank of Canada's Quarterly Projection Model (QPM) is an inflation-forecast-based (IFB) rule. A number of studies have suggested, however, that the optimality of IFB rules is very model-specific. Given this and concerns about model uncertainty, it seems logical to assess the performance of Taylor-type reaction functions in QPM. Therefore, we compare QPM's IFB rule with a simple Taylor rule as well as with two rules that include open-economy elements. Overall, our results suggest that Taylor-type rules do not perform well in QPM compared with the base-case IFB rule, since they are associated with significantly higher variabilities of inflation, output, and interest rates. However, of the Taylor-type rules considered, we find that a simple rule with a coefficient of 2 on the contemporaneous inflation gap (versus 0.5 in Taylor's original rule) and a coefficient of 0.5 on the output gap is the most appropriate. Furthermore, the gains from using open-economy rules seem to be limited.
description: Les règles de Taylor suscitent un regain d'intérêt depuis quelques années. D'après la littérature empirique, ces règles seraient optimales dans un certain nombre de modèles et assez peu sensibles aux changements de spécification. La fonction de réaction retenue dans le Modèle trimestriel de prévision (MTP) de la Banque du Canada est une règle fondée sur l'inflation prévue. Un certain nombre d'études indiquent toutefois que l'efficacité des règles de ce genre dépend beaucoup du modèle. À la lumière de ce constat et compte tenu de l'incertitude relative à la formulation appropriée du modèle, il paraît logique d'évaluer l'efficacité des fonctions de réaction inspirées de règles de Taylor dans le MTP. Les auteurs comparent donc la règle actuelle basée sur l'inflation prévue à une règle de Taylor simple ainsi qu'à deux autres règles adaptées à un cadre d'économie ouverte. Les règles de Taylor se comportent moins bien que la règle utilisée présentement dans le scénario de base du MTP : elles s'accompagnent en effet d'une variabilité nettement plus élevée de l'inflation, de la production et des taux d'intérêt. Parmi les règles de Taylor examinées, celle qui donne les meilleurs résultats est une règle simple où le coefficient de l'écart d'inflation contemporain est 2 (plutôt que 0,5 dans la règle proposée initialement par Taylor) et le coefficient de l'écart de production est 0,5. En outre, l'emploi de règles adaptées à un cadre d'économie ouverte ne semble procurer que des gains limités.
Additional file 2 of Cancer immune control dynamics: a clinical data driven model of systemic immunity in patients with metastatic melanoma
Creators: name: Frisch, Harold P.
name: Sprau, Allan
name: McElroy, Virginia F.
name: Turner, James D.
name: Becher, Laura R. E.
name: Nevala, Wendy K.
name: Leontovich, Alexey A.
name: Markovic, Svetomir N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2. Individual Peripheral Blood Derived Serial Biomarker Data and Flow Diagrams: A graph of peripheral blood biomarker measurements and flow diagram is provided for each cancer patient and each healthy volunteer. All Quads for the individual are included in each diagram. Graphs are in the same format as Fig. 4. Flow diagrams are in the same format as Fig. 6.
Stochastic description of the dynamics of the random-exchange Heisenberg chain
Creators: name: Vainstein, M. H.
name: Morgado, R.
name: Oliveira, F. A.
name: de Moura, F. A. B. F.
name: Coutinho-Filho, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the diffusion process in a Heisenberg chain with correlated spatial disorder, with a power spectrum in the momentum space behaving as $k^{-β}$, using a stochastic description. It establishes a direct connection between the fluctuation in the spin-wave density of states and the noise density of states. For continuous ranges of the exponent $β$, we find superdiffusive and ballistic spin-wave motions. Both diffusion exponents predicted by the stochastic procedure agree with the ones calculated using the Hamiltonian dynamics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Dissecting Corn Price Movements with Directed Acyclic Graphs
Creators: name: Etienne, Xiaoli L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Etienne, Xiaoli L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Garcia, Philip
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: corn
subject: volatility
subject: structural vector autoregressions
subject: crude oil
subject: speculative activities
subject: graph theory

description: Corn prices experienced enormous volatility over the last decade. In this paper, we apply a structural vector autoregression model to quantify the relative importance of various contributing factors in driving corn price movements. The identification of the structural parameters is achieved through a data-determined approach—the PC algorithm of Directed Acyclic Graphs. We find that, in general, unexpected shocks in aggregate global demand and speculative trading activities do not have a statistically significant effect on corn price movements. By contrast, shocks in the crude oil market have large immediate effects that persist in the long-run. The forecast error variance decomposition suggest that at the two-year horizon, variations in crude oil prices account for over 50% of the total corn forecast error variances. We also find that, consistent with theory, unexpected shocks in market-specific fundamentals also have large negative effects on price movements. In addition, unexpected residual shocks play an important role in corn price movement, especially in the short-run.
title: La fiabilité des estimations de l'écart de production au Canada
Creators: name: Jean-Philippe, Cayen
name: van Norden, Simon
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: Dans cette étude, nous mesurons, à l'aide de données canadiennes, l'ampleur des révisions apportées aux estimations en temps réel de l'écart de production obtenues avec diverses techniques d'estimations univariées et multivariées. Nous effectuons aussi une évaluation empirique de l'utilité des estimations faites de l'écart de production pour prévoir l'inflation. Nos résultats montrent que, quelle que soit la technique d'estimation utilisée, l'écart-type des révisions est d'un ordre de grandeur similaire à celui des estimations de l'écart de production. Nous trouvons aussi que les révisions présentent un degré élevé de persistance pour toutes les techniques, à l'exception de la technique de Beveridge-Neldon. Cela signifie que le délai qui s'écoule avant que l'on détermine toute l'ampleur des erreurs d'estimations est assez long. Finalement, nos résultats indiquent que les estimations de l'écart de production ne permettent pas d'améliorer significativement les prévisions d'inflation. À la lumière de ces résultats, nous concluons que la fiabilité des estimations en temps réel de l'écart de production est assez faible.
description: In this paper, we measure, with Canadian data, the scope of the revisions to real-time estimates of the output gap generated with several univariate and multivariate techniques. We also make an empirical evaluation of the usefulness of the output gap estimates for predicting inflation. Our findings suggest that, for all techniques, the standard deviation of the revisions is of the same order of magnitude as the output gap itself. We also find that, with the exception of the Beveridge-Nelson technique, all revisions are persistent, which means that there is a long lag before the scope of the output gap revisions is fully known. Finally, we find that the output gap estimates do not significantly improve the inflation forecasts. We infer from these results that estimates of the output gap are not very reliable.
Fragmentation of Heat-Strengthened Glass: Implications for Glass Not Conforming to ASTM C1048
Creators: name: Schmidt, Mark K.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Heat-strengthened glass with residual surface compressive stresses above those allowed by ASTM C1048 was installed in a curtain wall in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. To address building ownership’s concerns regarding postbreakage glass fallout, fragmentation tests were performed using a protocol adapted from EN 1863. Consistent with previous research, no significant difference in fragmentation was noted between samples with residual surface compressive stresses conforming to ASTM C1048 and those with residual surface compressive stresses well beyond the established ASTM limits. Simplistic analyses revealed that, under certain modes of failure, risk of glass fallout is comparable for conforming and nonconforming heat-strengthened glass. The completed testing also has implications for glass quality control processes.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2 (2010): Challenging Glass 2
Competition between Private Label and National Brand for Health-differentiated Food Product: A Canadian Retailing Case
Creators: name: Ying, Xiongwei
name: Anders, Sven M.
name: Ying, Xiongwei
name: Anders, Sven M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Production Economics
subject: private label
subject: national brand
subject: health differentiation
subject: distance matrix
subject: nested logit

description: Retailers in Canada are beginning to introduce private labels to gain vertical bargaining power over manufacturers and horizontal differentiation among retailers. Product differentiation in health and wellness is an emerging trend for both private labels and national brands. This study applies a model derived from a random utility nested logit model to estimate the extent to which consumer choice of health-related food attributes has affected retailer pricing and brand-level competition, using the Distance-Matrix (DM) approach to identify the location of both private label and national brands of canned soup market in their attribute space. It suggests that private label does not have a positive effect on retailers’ demand.
Additional file 1 of Comparison of clinical effectiveness and subsequent fertility between hysteroscopic resection and vaginal repair in patients with cesarean scar defect: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Yang, Guoxia
name: Wang, Jiamin
name: Chang, Yajie
name: Chen, Yuqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic presentation of ultrasound measurement of the niche. a: the base directed to the posterior wall of the cervical canal b: the apex pointing to the anterior wall of the niche. Supplementary Figure 2. Hysteroscopic resection. A: Hysteroscopic view of a defect at the anterior uterine wall. B: Resection of the lower rim using a resectoscope. C: Coagulation of the niche’s surface. D: Hysteroscopic view after resection. Supplemental Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients attempting pregnancy.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression
Creators: name: Andreas, Stefan
name: Röver, Christian
name: Heinz, Judith
name: Straube, Sebastian
name: Watz, Henrik
name: Friede, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: BACKGROUND: An important goal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment is to reduce the frequency of exacerbations. Some observations suggest a decline in exacerbation rates in clinical trials over time. A more systematic understanding would help to improve the design and interpretation of COPD trials. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-regression of the placebo groups in published randomized controlled trials reporting exacerbations as an outcome. A Bayesian negative binomial model was developed to accommodate results that are reported in different formats; results are reported with credible intervals (CI) and posterior tail probabilities ($p_B$). RESULTS: Of 1114 studies identified by our search, 55 were ultimately included. Exacerbation rates decreased by 6.7% (95% CI (4.4, 9.0); $p_B$ < 0.001) per year, or 50% (95% CI (36, 61)) per decade. Adjusting for available study and baseline characteristics such as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) did not alter the observed trend considerably. Two subsets of studies, one using a true placebo group and the other allowing inhaled corticosteroids in the "placebo" group, also yielded consistent results. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this meta-regression indicates that the rate of COPD exacerbations decreased over the past two decades to a clinically relevant extent independent of important prognostic factors. This suggests that care is needed in the design of new trials or when comparing results from older trials with more recent ones. Also a considerable effect of adjunct therapy on COPD exacerbations can be assumed.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
title: Risk, Entropy, and the Transformation of Distributions
Creators: name: Reesor, R. Mark
name: McLeish, Don L.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: The exponential family, relative entropy, and distortion are methods of transforming probability distributions. We establish a link between those methods, focusing on the relation between relative entropy and distortion. Relative entropy is commonly used to price risky financial assets in incomplete markets, while distortion is widely used to price insurance risks and in risk management. The link between relative entropy and distortion provides some intuition behind distorted risk measures such as value-at-risk. Furthermore, distorted risk measures that have desirable properties, such as coherence, are easily generated via relative entropy.
description: La famille exponentielle, le principe du minimum d'entropie relative et les fonctions de distorsion sont des méthodes de transformation des lois de probabilité. Les auteurs établissent un lien entre ces méthodes, en particulier entre celles fondées sur l'entropie relative et la notion de distorsion. On fait couramment appel au principe du minimum d'entropie relative pour évaluer les actifs financiers risqués dont les marchés sont incomplets ainsi qu'aux fonctions de distorsion pour évaluer les risques d'assurance et gérer les risques. Le lien établi entre ces deux méthodes permet d'interpréter sur le plan intuitif les mesures de risque faussées telles que la valeur exposée au risque. De plus, il est facile de conférer à des mesures de risque faussées des propriétés souhaitables, comme la cohérence, en minimisant l'entropie relative.
Buckling resistance and buckling curves of pane-like glass columns with monolithic sections of heat strengthened and tempered glass
Creators: name: Feldmann, Markus
name: Langosch, Katharina
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: There is some knowledge on the stability behaviour of glass panes under axial loading, i.e. of their buckling stability. However, only a few investigations have been performed so far in this direction, predominantly at cross-sections with monopanes and sporadically at cross-sections with laminated glass. Thus a research project was initiated by the German Steel Construction Association (DSTV) and the German Ministry of Economics, by which the buckling of pane-like glass columns with mono- and laminated sections was thoroughly investigated. The article focuses on the results for buckling with monolithic sections of heat strengthened and tempered glass, giving buckling curves proposed by derivations and experiments.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2 (2010): Challenging Glass 2
Mechanical Modelling of In-Plane Loaded Glass Panes
Creators: name: Cruz, Paulo J.S.
name: Pequeno, José
name: Lebet, Jean-Paul
name: Mocibob, Danijel
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Glass panes are increasingly being used to the stabilization of one storey buildings by acting as shear walls and thus replacing conventional bracings. This is the case of glass pavilions and some timber or steel frames or facades. The behaviour of such structural systems mainly depends on the stiffness of the connections. This research focuses on the prediction of the in-plane structural behaviour of steel and timber frames with a single pane fixed by circumferentially glued joints or by point support connectors. Mechanical models have been implemented and validated. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that the models can be applicable for the purpose of the non-cracking pre-design of panes acting as a shear wall because they are able to predict the in-plane stiffness and the force necessary to obtain a certain horizontal in-plane displacement at the top.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2 (2010): Challenging Glass 2
The XMM-Newton/2dF survey I: X-ray properties of normal galaxies
Creators: name: Georgakakis, A.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Stewart, G. C.
name: Shanks, T.
name: Boyle, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the X-ray properties of `normal' galaxies using a shallow XMM-Newton survey covering an area of ~1.5deg2. The X-ray survey overlaps with the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. Compared with previous studies this has the advantage of high quality spectra and spectral classifications to bj=19.4. Moreover, sources with optical spectra revealing powerful AGNs can easily be discarded from the normal galaxy sample used here. In particular, we present stacking analysis results for 200 galaxies from the 2dFGRS at =0.1. We detect a strong signal for the whole sample (~6sigma) in the soft 0.5-2keV band corresponding to a flux of ~7*10^-16cgs and a luminosity of ~2*10^40cgs. A statistically significant signal is also detected for both the early and late galaxy sub-samples with X-ray luminosities of ~3*10^40 and ~5*10^39cgs respectively. In contrast, no signal is detected in the hard 2-8keV band for any of the above samples. The mean L_X/L_B ratio of the spiral galaxy sample is consistent with both local (<100Mpc) and distant (z~1) samples suggesting little or no evolution of the X-ray emission mechanisms relative to the optical. The 0.5-2keV XRB contribution of the spiral galaxy sub-sample at z~0.1 is estimated to be 0.4% in broad agreement with the XRB fractions estimated in previous studies.Assuming that star-forming galaxies evolve with redshift as (1+z)^{k} the present data combined with previous studies suggest k<3. The k values are constrained by the relatively low fraction of the soft X-ray background that remains unresolved by deep surveys (6-26%). The mean X-ray emissivity of spiral galaxies at z~0.1 is also estimated and is found to be consistent within the uncertainties with that of local HII galaxy samples.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Puzzle of Valuation Gaps Between Experimental Auction and Real Choice Experiments: Do Purchase Intention and Price Bargaining Preference Matter?
Creators: name: Xie, Jing
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: House, Lisa
name: Xie, Jing
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: House, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Consumer preferences
subject: choice experiment
subject: auction
subject: purchase intention
subject: price bargaining aggressiveness

description: This article examines the preferences revealed by two non-hypothetical experiments. We found that WTP estimates from real choice experiment are significantly than auction bids. We provide two possible reasons for it: consumers’ purchase intention and aggressiveness in price bargaining. Our results suggest that the discrepancies among experiments can come from the heterogeneity of respondents’ price bargaining aggressiveness, but not from purchase intention differences.
Biodiversity and international stakes: a question of access
Creators: name: Trommetter, Michel
name: Trommetter, Michel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Managing biodiversity requires analysis of the complex relations in the conditions of access to ecosystems and resources, including genetic resources. The definition of property rights is thus crucial. These rights will concern ecosystems, resources and also biotechnological innovations. We shall see, for instance, that the management of biodiversity will be linked with the conditions of access and remuneration of ecosystem services which are increasingly developing, and with the conditions of access to genetic resources, which will be easier as developing countries have improved access to innovations.
title: Modelling Financial Instability: A Survey of the Literature
Creators: name: Lai, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: The magnitude and frequency of recent financial crises underscore the importance of understanding financial instability for the purpose of crisis prevention and crisis management. This paper brings together and adds structure to the theoretical literature on financial instability and the implications they carry for policy-makers. In addition to clarifying the theoretical underpinnings for studying financial crises, it points to several directions for future theoretical research necessary to fill the gaps of our understanding of financial instability.
description: L'ampleur et la fréquence des crises financières observées récemment font ressortir l'importance d'une bonne compréhension des causes de l'instabilité financière, dans l'optique de la prévention et de la gestion des crises. L'auteure passe en revue et synthétise les travaux théoriques consacrés à l'instabilité financière et examine leurs implications pour la conduite des politiques publiques. Elle clarifie les fondements théoriques de l'étude des crises et suggère diverses pistes de recherche fondamentale susceptibles de mener à une meilleure compréhension de l'instabilité financière.
Charge Transfer Effect under Odd-Parity Crystalline Electric Field
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Miyake, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge-transfer effect under odd-parity crystalline electric field (CEF) is analyzed theoretically. In quantum-critical metal $β$-YbAlB$_4$, seven-fold configuration of B atoms surrounding Yb atom breaks local inversion symmetry at the Yb site, giving rise to the odd-parity CEF. Analysis of the CEF on the basis of hybridization picture shows that admixture of 4f and 5d wave functions at Yb with pure imaginary coefficient occurs, which makes magnetic-toroidal (MT) and electric-dipole (ED) degrees of freedom active. By constructing the minimal model for periodic crystal $β$-YbAlB$_4$, we show that the MT as well as ED fluctuation is divergently enhanced at the quantum critical point of valence transition simultaneously with critical valence fluctuations.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the J-Physics2019 conference
title: Towards a More Complete Debt Strategy Simulation Framework
Creators: name: Bolder, David Jamieson
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: An effective technique governments use to evaluate the desirability of different financing strategies involves stochastic simulation. This approach requires the postulation of the future dynamics of key macroeconomic variables and the use of those variables in the construction of a debt charge distribution for each individual financing strategy. Summary measures of the resulting debt charge distributions permit comparison of the alternative financing strategies. To defensibly generate a debt charge distribution for a given financing strategy, however, one must have a good model to simulate the future dynamics of a set of key macroeconomic variables into the future. This paper suggests a reduced-form approach to describe the key elements of the stochastic model used to analyze the Government of Canada's debt strategy problem. To this end, a simple algorithm is proposed for the simultaneous simulation of the business cycle, the government's financial position, and the term structure of interest rates. The approach uses the constant parameter hidden-Markov model introduced by Hamilton (1989) in combination with the class of affine term-structure models.
description: La simulation stochastique est une technique utilisée par les gouvernements pour évaluer l'utilité de diverses stratégies de financement. Pour pouvoir l'effectuer, il faut commencer par formuler un ensemble d'hypothèses sur le comportement dynamique qu'auront certaines variables macroéconomiques clés, puis effectuer, à l'aide de ces variables, une distribution du service de la dette pour chacune des stratégies envisagées. Les statistiques sommaires ainsi produites de ces distributions permettent de comparer les résultats que donne chacune des stratégies de financement, ce qui illustre la nécessité de disposer d'un bon modèle de simulation du comportement dynamique des variables concernées. Dans le présent document, nous proposons d'utiliser une représentation de forme réduite pour décrire les principaux éléments du modèle stochastique servant à analyser le problème de la stratégie de la dette du gouvernement canadien. À cette fin, nous proposons d'utiliser un algorithme simple pour simuler simultanément le cycle économique, la position financière du gouvernement et la structure des taux d'intérêt. Dans le cadre de cette démarche, nous utilisons, conjointement avec des modèles affines relatifs à la structure des taux d'intérêt, le modèle à paramètre constant latent de Markov introduit par Hamilton (1989).
A new Design Concept for Point Fixed Glazing
Creators: name: Seel, M.
name: Siebert, G.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The determination of load carrying capacity and serviceability of point fixed glazing is a challenging task. A lot of parameters have an influence on the resulting values, especially on stress values around the bore hole. Generally, only specialized engineers are able to perform this analysis. Reasons for this are the multitude of parameters, the lack of analytical solutions and incompletely analyzed load carrying mechanisms on the one hand, and on the other hand, the lack of a generally accepted and accurate design concept for stress and deflection calculation in Germany. The calculation of point fixed glazing is usually done by using finite element analysis (FEA). However, the scatter of the results is very large – which means that the quality can be evaluated as low. The reasons for these deviations are usually based on the deficient FEA software and an inaccurate modeling done by the user. Therefore, the user needs a guideline for the design process. A new design concept for point fixed glazing has been developed on the basis of analytical, experimental and numerical studies. This new concept consists of two main parts. The first part is a quality check of the calculation model. The user has to prove his model by reference values and theoretical principles. The second part deals with the actual calculation process of the whole glazing. This process has to be done as case-specific analysis. Thereby, it contributes to a safe and realistic design process in the field of point fixed glazing.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
MOESM11 of Genomes and secretomes of Ascomycota fungi reveal diverse functions in plant biomass decomposition and pathogenesis
Creators: name: Challacombe, Jean
name: Cedar Hesse
name: Bramer, Lisa
name: McCue, Lee
name: Lipton, Mary
name: Purvine, Samuel
name: Nicora, Carrie
name: La Gallegos-Graves
name: Porras-Alfaro, Andrea
name: Kuske, Cheryl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 11. Labeled volcano plot Phoma CK108 all culture conditions. Labeled volcano plot showing proteins with increased expression in Phoma CK108 in chitin, grass and pine cultures compared to sucrose control.
Additional file 1 of Modeling the interplay between demography, social contact patterns, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the South West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Trentini, Filippo
name: Guzzetta, Giorgio
name: Galli, Margherita
name: Zardini, Agnese
name: Manenti, Fabio
name: Putoto, Giovanni
name: Marziano, Valentina
name: Worku Nigussa Gamshie
name: Ademe Tsegaye
name: Greblo, Alessandro
name: Melegaro, Alessia
name: Ajelli, Marco
name: Merler, Stefano
name: Poletti, Piero
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix.
Medium Modification of the Proton Form Factor
Creators: name: Strauch, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I argue that the double ratio of proton-recoil polarization-transfer coefficients, P'_x and P'_z, of the quasielastic 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction with respect to the elastic 1H(e,e'p) reaction is sensitive to possible medium modifications of the proton form factor in 4He. Recent measurements at both Mainz and Jefferson Lab of this double ratio at four-momentum transfers squared between between 0.4 GeV2 and 2.6 GeV2 are discussed. I show that the data challenge state-of-the-art conventional meson-nucleon calculations, as these are unable to describe the results. The data hint at the need to include medium modifications of the proton form factor, as predicted by a quark-meson-coupling model, in the calculations. A recently approved follow-up experiment at a Q2 of 0.8 GeV2 and 1.3 GeV2 with unprecedented precision will provide one of the most stringent tests of the applicability of various calculations.
description: presented at ``Fourth International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics'', ICTP, Trieste, 12 -- 16 May 2003
Economic analyses of biodiversity: Assessment of stakes and modelling of policies
Creators: name: Figuières, Charles
name: Lifran, Robert
name: Salles, Jean-Michel
name: Thoyer, Sophie
name: Figuières, Charles
name: Lifran, Robert
name: Salles, Jean-Michel
name: Thoyer, Sophie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Should we worry about the erosion of biodiversity? What can be done? Several studies carried out within the joint research unit LAMETA present biodiversity as a rather complex notion, the value of which does not accurately appear on any market. However, the partial assessments that can be made through other means show its importance, but its preservation is no easy thing. Since biodiversity greatly concerns private properties and also sovereign States for which the protection of the nature is not (yet) a priority, the statutory approaches are of limited help. We must try to gain a better understanding of the social forces that compromise biodiversity and use these same forces to preserve it.
Investigation of Bonded Connections with Silicone under Shear Loading
Creators: name: Staudt, Y.
name: Odenbreit, C.
name: Schneider, J.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: In façade applications, structural sealant glazing systems with a soft adhesive like silicones show a number of advantages especially regarding brittle adherends like glass sheets, as stress concentrations in the adherends are avoided due to the large bonding area and the uniform load transfer. The application guideline for structural sealant glazing systems (European Technical Application Guideline ETAG 002) defines a simplified design concept for the silicone sealant, leading to high safety factors and restrictions in use. The material behaviour of the silicone sealant can be more accurately described using the Finite Element Method and hyperelastic material laws, but the results for the stresses at the edge area for a shear dominated loading are highly mesh dependent, due to the presence of a singularity and thus hampering the assessment of the realistic stress distribution. In this paper, shear tests on bonded connections with silicone, referring to the ETAG 002, are presented. Beside the overlap length and adhesive thickness of the specimen prescribed by the standard, two more overlap lengths and thicknesses are tested. For the experimental investigations, the force-deformation behaviour and the failure initiation, observed at the edge area, are recorded. Unlike for the adhesive length, an influence of the specimen thickness on the failure shear strain could be observed and predicted by the numerical simulations. A clear difference between the maximum load and the load at failure initiation was observed.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
Biodiversity in the forest: potential demand, a complex supply, several stakes
Creators: name: Garcia, Serge
name: Stenger, Anne
name: Garcia, Serge
name: Stenger, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Biodiversity in the forest is at the heart of the environmental and economic stakes. Biodiversity has an economic value revealed by households, and conditions the ecological state of the forest. Sometimes incentives are necessary to preserve it. More generally, this is a question of sustainable or multifunctional management of the forest.
On the balanced Voronoi formula for GL$_N$
Creators: name: Wong, Tian An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11F30 \and 11F70, Secondary 11F68

description: S.D. Miller and F. Zhou have proved a balanced Voronoi summation formula for GL$_N$ over $\mathbb Q$, which allows one to control the dimensions of the Kloosterman sums appearing on either side of the Voronoi formula. In this note, we prove a balanced Voronoi formula over an arbitrary number field, starting with the Voronoi summation formula of A. Ichino and N. Templier over number fields, allowing one to extend recent results on spectral reciprocity laws to number fields, in special cases.
description: 8 pages. Functiones et Approximatio, Commentarii Mathematici
Remarks about an "exact" RG theory of Goldstone modes
Creators: name: Kaupuzs, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A renormalization group (RG) theory of Goldstone mode singularities in the O(n>1)-symmetric phi^4 model is discussed. This perturbative RG theory is claimed to be asymptotically exact, as regards the long-wave limit of the correlation functions, where it predicts a purely Gaussian behavior of the transverse correlation function. However, we show that the results of this theory are incorrect, and the Gaussian behavior originates from a rough error in mathematics. Other relevant perturbative theories are discussed, as well.
description: 5 pages, no figures
Working out norms for the preservation of Habitats: The implementation of the directive Habitats, in France
Creators: name: Deverre, Christian
name: Fortier, Agnès
name: Alphandéry, Pierre
name: Lefebvre, Catherine
name: Deverre, Christian
name: Fortier, Agnès
name: Alphandéry, Pierre
name: Lefebvre, Catherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Preserving biological biodiversity on the continent scale, such is the challenge that the European Union intends to take up by adopting the 1992 Habitats directive. Through this initiative, European decision-makers wish to bring their contribution to what is now one of the planet’s new stakes. The research results presented here give an account of the implementation of this policy at the French national level. They focus on the elaboration phase (1999-2005) of “documents of objective”, during which a management plan had to be produced for each site designated by the Directive, targeting biodiversity conservation objectives. The analysis examines the concerted elaboration process of management actions at the site level, in particular questioning the interactive dynamics between the protagonists mobilised.