cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Orthostatic hypotension in elderly nursing home residents who fall: Are they dizzy?
Creators: name: Gray-Miceli, Deanna
name: Ratcliffe, Sarah J.
name: Liu, Sizhu
name: Wantland, Dean
name: Johnson, Jerry
Publisher: name: Sage
Year: 2015
Subjects: Falls (Accidents)--Prevention
Modifiable falls
Hypotension, Orthostatic
Older People
Nursing Homes

description: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and symptoms of dizziness have been identified as key factors in falls among older adults; however, gaps in the research literature about the presence of asymptomatic OH and its association with falls exist and have prompted this study to determine if falls among nursing home residents are associated with orthostatic hypotension in the absence of dizziness. A secondary analysis was conducted on blood pressure data and symptom experience of 77 older adult residents who experienced a fall while residing in a continuing care retirement community (CCRC). Data of interest were extrapolated from the Post-Fall Index. Of the 77 individuals with 194 RN documented falls, the majority (n=89, 46%) did not meet the diagnostic criteria of OH; 18 (9%) met criteria, and 8 (4%) nearly met OH criteria. OH blood pressure determinations were incomplete or absent in 41% (n=79). Of the 18 residents who fell and met OH criteria, none experienced dizziness. Conclusion: We conclude older nursing home residents do not exhibit symptoms of dizziness prior to orthostatic drops in blood pressure resulting in a fall. Further study is indicated to identify reliable predictors, besides symptom experience of OH in this population.
Cylindrospermopsin toxicity in mice following a 90-d oral exposure
Creators: name: Chernoff, Neil
name: Chorus, Ingrid
name: Hill, D.J.
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018

description: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a toxin associated with numerous species of freshwater cyanobacteria throughout the world. It is postulated to have caused an episode of serious illnesses in Australia through treated drinking water, as well as lethal effects in livestock exposed to water from farm ponds. Toxicity included effects indicative of both hepatic and renal dysfunction. In humans, symptoms progressed from initial hepatomegaly, vomiting, and malaise to acidosis and hypokalemia, bloody diarrhea, and hyperemia in mucous membranes. Laboratory animal studies predominantly involved the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route of administration and confirmed this pattern of toxicity with changes in liver enzyme activities and histopathology consistent with hepatic injury and adverse renal effects. The aim of this study was designed to assess subchronic oral exposure (90 d) of purified CYN from 75 to 300 Ìg/kg/d in mouse. At the end of the dosing period, examinations of animals noted (1) elevated organ to body weight ratios of liver and kidney at all dose levels, (2) treatment-related increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, (3) decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol concentrations in males, and (4) elevated monocyte counts in both genders. Histopathological alterations included hepatocellular hypertrophy and cord disruption in the liver, as well as renal cellular hypertrophy, tubule dilation, and cortical tubule lesions that were more prominent in males. A series of genes were differentially expressed including Bax (apoptosis), Rpl6 (tissue regeneration), Fabp4 (fatty acid metabolism), and Proc (blood coagulation). Males were more sensitive to many renal end points suggestive of toxicity. At the end of exposure, toxicity was noted at all dose levels, and the 75 Ìg/kg group exhibited significant effects in liver and kidney/body weight ratios, reduced BUN, increased serum monocytes, and multiple signs of histopathology indicating that a no-observed-adverse-effect level could not be determined for any dose level. Quelle: https://www.tandfonline.com
M-LED: Multi-sectoral Latent Electricity Demand Assessment for Energy Access Planning
Creators: name: Falchetta, Giacomo
name: Stevanato, Nicolò
name: Moner-Girona, Magda
name: Mazzoni, Davide
name: Colombo, Emanuela
name: Hafner, Manfred
name: Falchetta, Giacomo
name: Stevanato, Nicolò
name: Moner-Girona, Magda
name: Mazzoni, Davide
name: Colombo, Emanuela
name: Hafner, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Electricity Access
subject: Energy Demand
subject: Rural Development
subject: Bottom-up Modelling
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
subject: Multi-sectoral Approach
subject: Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus

description: Globally about 800 million people live without electricity at home, over two thirds of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. Ending energy poverty is a key development priority because energy plays an enabling role for human wellbeing and economic activities. Planning electricity access infrastructure and allocating resources efficiently requires a careful assessment of the diverse energy needs across space, time, and sectors. However, because of data scarcity, most country or regional-scale electrification planning studies have been based on top-down electricity demand targets. Yet, poorly representing the heterogeneity in the electricity demand can lead to inappropriate energy planning, inaccurate energy system sizing, and misleading cost assessments. Here we introduce M-LED, Multi-sectoral Latent Electricity Demand, a geospatial data processing platform to estimate electricity demand in communities that live in energy poverty. The key novelties of the platform are the multi-sectoral, bottom-up, time-explicit demand evaluation and the assessment of water-energy-agriculture-development interlinkages. We apply the methodology to the country-study of Kenya. Our findings suggest that a bottom-up approach to evaluating energy needs across space, time, and sectors is likely to improve the reliability and accuracy of supply-side electrification modelling and therefore of electrification planning and policy.
Arabic Fake News Detection Based on Deep Contextualized Embedding Models
Creators: name: Nassif, Ali Bou
name: Elnagar, Ashraf
name: Elgendy, Omar
name: Afadar, Yaman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social media is becoming a source of news for many people due to its ease and freedom of use. As a result, fake news has been spreading quickly and easily regardless of its credibility, especially in the last decade. Fake news publishers take advantage of critical situations such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the American presidential elections to affect societies negatively. Fake news can seriously impact society in many fields including politics, finance, sports, etc. Many studies have been conducted to help detect fake news in English, but research conducted on fake news detection in the Arabic language is scarce. Our contribution is twofold: first, we have constructed a large and diverse Arabic fake news dataset. Second, we have developed and evaluated transformer-based classifiers to identify fake news while utilizing eight state-of-the-art Arabic contextualized embedding models. The majority of these models had not been previously used for Arabic fake news detection. We conduct a thorough analysis of the state-of-the-art Arabic contextualized embedding models as well as comparison with similar fake news detection systems. Experimental results confirm that these state-of-the-art models are robust, with accuracy exceeding 98%.
description: Published online at Neural Computing and Applications Journal
Libraries and Tumblr: A quantitative analysis
Creators: name: Anderson, Katie Elson
Publisher: name: Emerald
Year: 2015
Subjects: Social networks
Tumblr (Electronic resource)
Microblogs
Libraries
Library outreach programs
Social media

description: This study is a quantitative analysis of the microblogging site Tumblr in order to determine how this platform is currently being used by libraries and special collections/archives in the United States. Data on library Tumblr blogs was collected at three points during a one year period and included library type, start date, number of posts, average posts per day, type of post, as well as other descriptive information. There is a growing library presence on the social media site Tumblr. The results shows adoption of the social media platform by multiple library types: academic, public, special collections/digital libraries, library organizations and other library/archives.
description: Appendices 1-3 added July 10, 2015
Network optimization problems and algorithms: an annotated bibliography
Creators: name: Grigoriadis, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1980

description: This annotated bibliography is intended as a repository of notes and reminders of contributions to the field of network optimization and it is by no means historically or topically complete. It represents the current state of a computerized bibliography database and the author's attempt to track the large number of technical papers in specific areas of network optimization. While it may never reach perfect completeness, future versions of this report will be released with updates and additional references.
Intimate Partner Violence and Structural Violence in the Lives of Incarcerated Women: A Mixed-Method Study in Rural New Mexico
Creators: name: St. Cyr, Shilo
name: Jaramillo, Elise Trott
name: Garrison, Laura
name: Malcoe, Lorraine Halinka
name: Shamblen, Stephen R.
name: Willging, Cathleen E.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning to rural communities, enhancing their risk of mental ill-health, substance use, and recidivism. Women’s experiences of IPV intersect with challenges across multiple social–ecological levels, including risky or criminalizing interpersonal relationships, geographic isolation, and persistent gender, racial, and economic inequities. We conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 99 incarcerated women in New Mexico who were scheduled to return to micropolitan or non-core areas within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then triangulated to identify convergences and divergences in data. The findings underscore how individual and interpersonal experiences of IPV, substance use, and psychological distress intersect with broad social inequities, such as poverty, lack of supportive resources, and reluctance to seek help due to experiences of discrimination. These results point to the need for a more proactive response to the mutually constitutive cycle of IPV, mental distress, incarceration, and structures of violence to improve reentry for women returning to rural communities. Policy and treatment must prioritize socioeconomic marginalization and expand community resources with attention to the needs of rural women of color.
Bibliographic resources for guiding research on J.R.R. Tolkien
Creators: name: Croft, Janet Brennan
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973

description: The purpose of this paper is to recommend print and electronic resources that will be useful in helping the student, scholar or thesis writer who wants to begin an in-depth literature search for criticism of the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. Listings are geared toward the English-speaking, North American user, but include some European sources as well.
Delayed elastic contributions to the viscoelastic response of foams
Creators: name: Lavergne, François A.
name: Sollich, Peter
name: Trappe, Véronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the slow viscoelastic response of a foam is that of a power-law fluid with a terminal relaxation. Investigations of the foam mechanics in creep and recovery tests reveal that the power-law contribution is fully reversible, indicative of a delayed elastic response. We demonstrate how this contribution fully accounts for the non-Maxwellian features observed in all tests, probing the linear mechanical response function. The associated power-law spectrum is consistent with soft glassy rheology of systems with mechanical noise temperatures just above the glass transition [Fielding et al., J.Rheol. 44, 323(2000)] and originates from a combination of superdiffusive bubble dynamics and stress diffusion, as recently evidenced in simulations of coarsening foam [Hwang et al., Nat.Mater. 15, 1031 (2016)].
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, data available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6381567. Copyright (2022) Author(s). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License
Applying a Software Development Product Cycle to Library Technology Adoption and Development
Creators: name: Costello, Laura
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Technology integration
Product cycle
Libraries
University library
Library Technology

description: Product cycles have long been used in software development, but libraries can also benefit from a structured product life cycle to help manage technology development and acquisition. This article outlines a proposed product cycle for library technology management with information on implementing each step of the cycle. It will also include information for librarians assessing the success of structured technology management.
SHAPE: A Parallelization Tool for Sparse Matrix Computations
Creators: name: Venugopal, Seshadri
name: Naik, Vijay K.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1992

description: We describe the design, implementation and performance of a Sparse Hybrid Automatic Parallelization Environment (SHAPE). SHAPE partitions and schedules sparse matrix computations for Cholesky factorization with the goal of achieving good performance at low cost, while providing flexibility for use as an experimental tool. It employs efficient parallelization algorithms which reduce the communication cost without adversely affecting the load balance by using a hybrid mixture of column and block partitions. Through several parameters, SHAPE aims for portability across a diverse range of sparse matrix structures and message-passing multiprocessors with different communication cost parameters. We present preliminary timing results on the iPSC/860 and compare the performance of SHAPE with that of a commonly used column-based method. The results show that SHAPE significantly reduces computation time, number of messages, and overall communication time for a variety of test matrices.
title: Heat Transfer and Thermodynamic Processes in Coal-Bearing Strata Under Spontaneous Combustion Condition
title: Heat Transfer and Thermodynamic Processes in Coal-Bearing Strata Under the Spontaneous Combustion Condition
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Wang, Yan-Ming
name: Guo, Zhixiong
name: Shi, Guo-Qing
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Coal fire
Spontaneous combustion
Oxidation kinetics
Thermodynamic process
Heat Transfer

description: Simulations and experiments have been carried out to investigate heat transfer and thermodynamic processes in coal-bearing strata in order to quantitatively understand the development of underground coal fires under spontaneous combustion condition. With controlled temperature and under lean oxygen conditions, the thermodynamic parameters for coal oxidation at different stages are experimentally determined in combination with simultaneous thermal analysis. A combined heat transfer model of conduction, convection and radiation with finite reactions is developed for the porous coal and rocks. The temperature distributions in the coal and roof strata at different times are simulated based on the single- and two-stage kinetic models, respectively, and compared with field geophysical prospecting. Effects of oxidation kinetic properties due to coal metamorphism on propagation of coal fires are examined. It reveals that a significant step change exists during the thermal process of coal fire caused by two-stage oxidation, and the coal rank of occurrence directly determines the spontaneous combustion period of underground coal fire.
Getting Acquainted with Social Networks and Apps: Snapchat and the Rise of Ephemeral Communication
Creators: name: Anderson, Katie Elson
Publisher: name: Emerald
Year: 2015
Subjects: Social networks
Snapchat (Electronic resource)
Social media
Libraries
Mobile apps
Ephemeral communication

description: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the mobile social media application Snapchat. The article is an introduction to ephemeral communication and a description of Snapchat. It provides suggestions for libraries and librarians using Snapchat. As the third most popular social media platform among teenagers, Snapchat is an interesting option for libraries to consider including in their outreach and social media plan. This introduction to the popular mobile application is valuable to librarians and libraries seeking to better understand this means of ephemeral communication.
title: Teacher Attrition: Why Secondary School Teachers Leave the Profession in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Aslami, Hassan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Teacher Attrition
subject: Public Secondary Schools
subject: Kabul
subject: Afghanistan
subject: Education for All
subject: EFA
subject: Departure
subject: Interviews
subject: Observations
subject: Questionnaires
subject: Salary
subject: Stakeholder Engagement
subject: Support
subject: Professional Development
subject: Recommendations
subject: Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education
subject: Business
subject: Education
subject: Educational Administration and Supervision
subject: Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research
subject: Education Economics
subject: International and Comparative Education
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This study examines factors influencing teacher attrition in public secondary schools in Kabul, Afghanistan. Substantial increments in the school-age population, the Education for All (EFA) mandate, and a “seven-fold” growth in number of students during the last decade have collectively increased the demand for teachers in Afghanistan; whereas, teachers from the public schools are leaving the teaching profession in large numbers. The lack of teachers poses serious challenges for the education system especially for Ministry of Education. This exploratory study focuses on the reasons for the departure of both current and former teachers. It also explores and suggests some strategies to address this phenomenon. The study used a mixed method approach, using questionnaires, interviews and observations to collect data. A total of 44 current teachers and 18 former teachers were asked to respond to the questionnaires, while 2 current teachers, 3 former teachers, a principal, a student, and a member of Information Education Management Information System (EMIS) were interviewed. The results of this study revealed that low salary is only one of the major factors for teacher attrition in Afghanistan. The study also found multiple other factors that influence teacher attrition including ineffective recruitment and deployment process (school distance); heavy workload; unequal work distribution and administration corruption; low salaries and other benefits; lack of professional development programs; and social factors. The study concluded that in some cases, only one of these factors causes the attrition while in many cases, a number of factors collectively compel teachers to leave their jobs. Recommendations suggest the need to reform policies, to restructure organizations, to increase teacher support, and to promote stakeholder engagement.
Investigation of the performance of fiber reinforced polymers anchorage devices in strengthening concrete bridge beams subjected to fatigue loading
Creators: name: Al-saoudi, Atheer Namir
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This PhD presented comprehensive investigation of experimental work, finite element analysis, and parametric studies on evaluating the fatigue life performance of externally-bonded FRP composites in reinforced concrete beams and subjected to different levels of cyclic loading. The main investigation of this research addresses the gaps in current knowledge regarding the influence of stress amplitude, number of cycles, sequence of cyclic loading, and fatigue damage behaviour of external FRP anchorage systems, while these factors have great influence in limiting the service life of RC bridges. Anchored specimens showed greater fatigue life performance when examined under the same fatigue load configuration used in the control model.
Rutgers' 1870 Centennial Celebration and Other Charter-related Puzzles
Creators: name: Radick, Caryn
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Rutgers University--History

description: As Rutgers celebrates its 250th anniversary, this article looks back at other moments of celebration in its history, particularly its centennial celebration and the first Charter Day. It discusses how, after celebrating the centennial in the "wrong" year, the Rutgers community came to have a better understanding of its own founding and history. This article examines how Charter Day came into being, and demonstrates the impact of Rutgers' acquisition of a contemporaneous copy of its second charter (from 1770).
Geodesics, Non-linearities and the Archive of Novelty Search
Creators: name: Salehi, Achkan
name: Coninx, Alexandre
name: Doncieux, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Novelty Search (NS) algorithm was proposed more than a decade ago. However, the mechanisms behind its empirical success are still not well formalized/understood. This short note focuses on the effects of the archive on exploration. Experimental evidence from a few application domains suggests that archive-based NS performs in general better than when Novelty is solely computed with respect to the population. An argument that is often encountered in the literature is that the archive prevents exploration from backtracking or cycling, i.e. from revisiting previously encountered areas in the behavior space. We argue that this is not a complete or accurate explanation as backtracking - beside often being desirable - can actually be enabled by the archive. Through low-dimensional/analytical examples, we show that a key effect of the archive is that it counterbalances the exploration biases that result, among other factors, from the use of inadequate behavior metrics and the non-linearities of the behavior mapping. Our observations seem to hint that attributing a more active role to the archive in sampling can be beneficial.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Successful Liver Transplantation in a Patient With Acute COVID-19 Infection and Acute Liver Failure : A Case Report
Creators: name: Kidson, Kristen
name: Park, Jeieung
name: Charles, Marthe
name: Omar, Mahmoud
name: Krajden, Mel
name: Wright, Alissa
name: Hussaini, Trana
name: Kim, Peter T. W.
name: Chung, Stephen W.
name: Yoshida, Eric
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Current liver transplantation societies recommend recipients with active coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) be deferred from transplantation for at least 2 wks, have symptom resolution and at least 1 negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test. This approach does not address patients who require urgent transplantation and will otherwise die from liver failure. We report a successful orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) in a patient with active COVID19 infection. This is only the second to be reported worldwide and the first in Canada.
Exploring the structural and optoelectronic properties of natural insulating phlogopite in van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Cadore, Alisson R.
name: de Oliveira, Raphaela
name: Lobato, Raphael L. M.
name: Teixeira, Verônica de C.
name: Nagaoka, Danilo A.
name: Alvarenga, Vinicius T.
name: Ribeiro-Soares, Jenaina
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Paniago, Roberto M.
name: Malachias, Angelo
name: Krambrock, Klaus
name: Barcelos, Ingrid D.
name: de Matos, Christiano J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Naturally occurring van der Waals crystals have brought unprecedented interest to nanomaterial researchers in recent years. So far, more than 1800 layered materials (LMs) have been identified but only a few insulating and naturally occurring LMs were deeply investigated. Phyllosilicate minerals, which are a class of natural and abundant LMs, have been recently considered as a low-cost source of insulating nanomaterials. Within this family an almost barely explored material emerges: phlogopite [KMg3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2]. Here we carry out a high throughput characterization of this LM by employing several experimental techniques, corroborating the major findings with first-principles calculations. We show that monolayers (1L) and few-layers of this material are air and temperature stable, as well as easily obtained by the standard mechanical exfoliation technique, have an atomically flat surface, and lower bandgap than its bulk counterpart, an unusual trend in LMs. We also systematically study the basic properties of ultrathin phlogopite and demonstrate that natural phlogopite presents iron impurities in its crystal lattice, which decreases its bandgap from about 7 eV to 3.6 eV. Finally, we combine phlogopite crystals with 1L-WS2 in ultrathin van der Waals heterostructures and present a photoluminescence study, revealing a significant enhancement on the 1L-WS2 optical quality (i.e., higher recombination efficiency through neutral excitons) similarly to that obtained on 1L-WS2/hBN heterostructures. Our proof-of-concept study shows that phlogopite should be regarded as a good and promising candidate for LM-based applications as a low-cost layered nanomaterial.
Comparison of continuity equation and Gaussian mixture model for long-term density propagation using semi-analytical methods
Creators: name: Sun, Pan
name: Colombo, Camilla
name: Trisolini, Mirko
name: Li, Shuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper compares the continuum evolution for density equation modelling and the Gaussian mixture model on the 2D phase space long-term density propagation problem in the context of high-altitude and high area-to-mass ratio satellite long-term propagation. The density evolution equation, a pure numerical and pointwise method for the density propagation, is formulated under the influence of solar radiation pressure and Earth's oblateness using semi-analytical methods. Different from the density evolution equation and Monte Carlo techniques, for the Gaussian mixture model, the analytical calculation of the density is accessible from the first two statistical moments (i.e., the mean and the covariance matrix) corresponding to each sub-Gaussian distribution for an initial Gaussian density distribution. An insight is given into the phase space long-term density propagation problem subject to nonlinear dynamics. The efficiency and validity of the density propagation are demonstrated and compared between the density evolution equation and the Gaussian mixture model with respect to standard Monte Carlo techniques.
Information literacy : the partnership of sociology faculty and social science librarians
Creators: name: Caravello, Patti S.
name: Kain, Edward L.
name: Kuchi, Triveni
name: Macicak, Susan
name: Weiss, Gregory L.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information literacy
subject: Outcomes of education
subject: Librarians
subject: Social research
subject: Curricula
subject: Learning
subject: Academic Libraries
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Literacy
subject: Social Sciences

description: This paper discusses a joint project of the American Library Association and the American Sociological Association. The goal of this collaboration is to guarantee that students of sociology, particularly sociology majors, develop strong information literacy skills during their undergraduate experience. The article talks about national standards for information literacy and how they relate to the sociology major. It presents examples for applying the sociology information literacy standards to course assignments and the sociology curriculum. We also provide suggestions for building linkages between sociology faculty members and social science librarians, as well as ways in which information literacy outcomes might be assessed in the sociology curriculum.
Mechanics of elastic networks
Creators: name: Norris, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: Royal Society
Year: 2014
Subjects: Lattice
Pentamode
Elasticity

description: We consider a periodic lattice structure in d=2 or 3 dimensions with unit cell comprising Z thin elastic members emanating from a similarly situated central node. A general theoretical approach provides an algebraic formula for the effective elasticity of such frameworks. The method yields the effective cubic elastic constants for three-dimensional space-filling lattices with Z=4, 6, 8, 12 and 14, the last being the ‘stiffest’ lattice proposed by Gurtner & Durand (Gurtner & Durand 2014 Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20130611. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2013.0611)). The analytical expressions provide explicit formulae for the effective properties of pentamode materials, both isotropic and anisotropic, obtained from the general formulation in the stretch-dominated limit for Z=d+1.
Predicting barrier passage and habitat suitability for migratory fish species
Creators: name: Walter, M. Todd
name: Meixler, Marcia S.
name: Bain, Mark B.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Barriers
Migratory fishes
Fishes--Migration
Migratory fish passage
Fishes--Habitat suitability index models
Habitat suitability
Spatial behavior--Mathematical models
Freshwater fishes
Geographic Information Systems

description: Fish migrate to spawn, feed, seek refuge from predators, and escape harmful environmental conditions. The success of upstream migration is limited by the presence of barriers that can impede the passage of fish. We used a spatially explicit modeling strategy to examine the effects of barriers on passage for 21 native and non-native migratory fish species and the amount of suitable habitat blocked for each species. Spatially derived physical parameter estimates and literature based fish capabilities and tolerances were used to predict fish passage success and habitat suitability. Both the fish passage and habitat suitability models accurately predicted fish presence above barriers for most common, non-stocked species. The fish passage model predicted that barriers greater than or equal to 6 m block all migratory species. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was expected to be blocked the least. The habitat suitability model predicted that a shift from intact to highly degraded habitat has a greater impact on suitability for fish than a shift in gradient. Additionally, low gradient streams are likely to have higher diversity than high gradient streams. The fish passage and habitat suitability models were intended to be Fish migrate to spawn, feed, seek refuge from predators, and escape harmful environmental conditions. The success of upstream migration is limited by the presence of barriers that can impede the passage of fish. We used a spatially explicit modeling strategy to examine the effects of barriers on passage for 21 native and non-native migratory fish species and the amount of suitable habitat blocked for each species. Spatially derived physical parameter estimates and literature based fish capabilities and tolerances were used to predict fish passage success and habitat suitability. Both the fish passage and habitat suitability models accurately predicted fish presence above barriers for most common, non-stocked species. The fish passage model predicted that barriers greater than or equal to 6 m block all migratory species. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was expected to be blocked the least. The habitat suitability model predicted that a shift from intact to highly degraded habitat has a greater impact on suitability for fish than a shift in gradient. Additionally, low gradient streams are likely to have higher diversity than high gradient streams. The fish passage and habitat suitability models were intended to be
Social, economic, and environmental factors influencing the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 across countries
Creators: name: Kong, Jude Dzevela
name: Tekwa, Edward W.
name: Gignoux-Wolfsohn, Sarah A.
Publisher: name: PLoS
Year: 2021

description: Objective To assess whether the basic reproduction number (R₀) of COVID-19 is different across countries and what national-level demographic, social, and environmental factors other than interventions characterize initial vulnerability to the virus. Methods We fit logistic growth curves to reported daily case numbers, up to the first epidemic peak, for 58 countries for which 16 explanatory covariates are available. This fitting has been shown to robustly estimate R₀ from the specified period. We then use a generalized additive model (GAM) to discern both linear and nonlinear effects, and include 5 random effect covariates to account for potential differences in testing and reporting that can bias the estimated R₀ Findings We found that the mean R₀ is 1.70 (S.D. 0.57), with a range between 1.10 (Ghana) and 3.52 (South Korea). We identified four factors—population between 20–34 years old (youth), population residing in urban agglomerates over 1 million (city), social media use to organize offline action (social media), and GINI income inequality—as having strong relationships with R₀, across countries. An intermediate level of youth and GINI inequality are associated with high R₀, (n-shape relationships), while high city population and high social media use are associated with high R₀. Pollution, temperature, and humidity did not have strong relationships with R₀ but were positive. Conclusion Countries have different characteristics that predispose them to greater intrinsic vulnerability to COVID-19. Studies that aim to measure the effectiveness of interventions across locations should account for these baseline differences in social and demographic characteristics.
Responsibility, recalls, and reputations of organizations: theory-based experimental studies to improve food safety crisis communication
Creators: name: Wu, Fanfan
name: Hallman, William K.
Publisher: name: Society for Risk Analysis
Year: 2017
Subjects: Food recall
Crisis communication
Organization
Reputation
Public health

description: This study tests the applicability of Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) to the unique circumstances posed by food safety crises. The study uses a factorial experimental design with a representative sample of 1510 online participants. The study investigates the effects of different types of food safety crises, initial crisis communication strategies, and followup communication strategies on public responses as the crisis unfolds. The types of food safety crises include: accidental and omission preventable. The initial crisis communication strategies include: deny responsibility with a recall of the affected food and accept responsibility with recall. The followup strategies include: deny responsibility with scapegoating, diminish, rebuild with responsibility and apology, and rebuild without responsibility or apology. The unfolding of the crisis was designed to reflect: T1 breakout of crisis, T2 confirmation of the company’s involvement, T3 identification of crisis cause, and T4 followup communication. The results confirm that the public makes a distinction between accidental and preventable crises, with an omission preventable crisis generating more negative public responses (e.g. less favorable attitudes and behavioral intentions). While our previous research showed the importance of having a recall at the early stage of a crisis, the results of this study show that “accept responsibility with recall” initial strategy generates better public responses than “deny responsibility with recall”. Furthermore, the results indicate that “rebuild with responsibility and apology” followup strategy generates the most favorable public responses. This study extends the SCCT and highlights a crisis as an ongoing process and that companies should issue communications appropriate to each stage. This study also underlines the advantage of taking responsibility and offering an apology in restoring organizational reputation and consumers’ behavioral intentions.
description: 36th annual meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis
Energy-variational structure in evolution equations
Creators: name: Lasarzik, ##!Error: Attribute  Unknown!##
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Energy-variational solutions
subject: measure-valued solutions
subject: varifold-solutions
subject: polyconvex elasticity
subject: two-phase flow
subject: Ericksen--Leslie equations
subject: 35D99
subject: 35R35
subject: 35R45
subject: 35Q35
subject: 35Q74
subject: 76T06

description: We consider different measure-valued solvability concepts from the literature and show that they could be simplified by using the energy-variational structure of the underlying system of partial differential equations. In the considered examples, we prove that a certain class of improved measure-valued solutions can be equivalently expressed as an energy-variational solution. The first concept represents the solution as a high-dimensional Young measure, whether for the second concept, only a scalar auxiliary variable is introduced and the formulation is relaxed to an energy-variational inequality. We investigate four examples: the two-phase Navier--Stokes equations, a quasilinear wave equation, a system stemming from polyconvex elasticity, and the Ericksen--Leslie equations equipped with the Oseen--Frank energy. The wide range of examples suggests that this is a recurrent feature in evolution equations in general.
A computational environment for exhaust nozzle design
Creators: name: Smith, Don
name: Gelsey, Andrew
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1995

description: The Nozzle Design Associate (NDA) is a computational environment for the design of jet engine exhaust nozzles for supersonic aircraft. NDA may be used either to design new aircraft or to design new nozzles that adapt existing aircraft so they may be reutilized for new missions. NDA was developed in a collaboration between computer scientists at Rutgers University and exhaust nozzle designers at General Electric Aircraft Engines and General Electric Corporate Research and Development. The NDA project has two principal goals: to provide a useful engineering tool for exhaust nozzle design, and to explore fundamental research issues that arise in the application of automated design optimization methods to realistic engineering problems.
Zero Knowledge and Circuit Minimization
Creators: name: Allender, Eric
name: Das, Bireswar
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Graph Isomorphism
Minimum Circuit Size Problem
NP-Intermediate Problem
Statistical Zero Knowledge

description: We show that every problem in the complexity class SZK (Statistical Zero Knowledge) is efficiently reducible to the Minimum Circuit Size Problem (MCSP). In particular Graph Isomorphism lies in RPMCSP. This is the first theorem relating the computational power of Graph Isomorphism and MCSP, despite the long history these problems share, as candidate NP-intermediate problems
Hybridization and introgression in sympatric and allopatric populations of four oak species
Creators: name: Li, Xuan
name: Wei, Gaoming
name: El-Kassaby, Yousry A.
name: Fang, Yanming
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background Hybridization and introgression are vital sources of novel genetic variation driving diversification during reticulated evolution. Quercus is an important model clade, having extraordinary diverse and abundant members in the Northern hemisphere, that are used to studying the introgression of species boundaries and adaptive processes. China is the second-largest distribution center of Quercus, but there are limited studies on introgressive hybridization. Results Here, we screened 17 co-dominant nuclear microsatellite markers to investigate the hybridization and introgression of four oaks (Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus fabri, and Quercus serrata) in 10 populations. We identified 361 alleles in the four-oak species across 17 loci, and all loci were characterized by high genetic variability (HE = 0.844–0.944) and moderate differentiation (FST = 0.037–0.156) levels. A population differentiation analysis revealed the following: allopatric homologous (FST = 0.064) < sympatric heterogeneous (FST = 0.071) < allopatric heterogeneous (FST = 0.084). A Bayesian admixture analysis determined four types of hybrids (Q. acutissima × Q. variabilis, Q. fabri × Q. serrata, Q. acutissima × Q. fabri, and Q. acutissima × Q. variabilis × Q. fabri) and their asymmetric introgression. Our results revealed that interspecific hybridization is commonly observed within the section Quercus, with members having tendency to hybridize. Conclusions Our study determined the basic hybridization and introgression states among the studied four oak species and extended our understanding of the evolutionary role of hybridization. The results provide useful theoretical data for formulating conservation strategies.
Density Exponent Analysis: Gravity-driven steepening of the density profiles of star-forming regions
Creators: name: Li, Guang-Xing
name: Zhou, Ji-Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of molecular interstellar clouds is a complex, multi-scale process. The power-law density exponent describes the steepness of density profiles, and it has been used to characterize the density structures of the clouds yet its usage is usually limited to spherically symmetric systems. Importing the Level-Set Method, we develop a new formalism that generates robust maps of a generalized density exponent $k_ρ$ at every location for complex density distributions. By applying it to high fidelity, high dynamical range map of the Perseus molecular cloud constructed using data from the Herschel and Planck satellites, we find that the density exponent exhibits a surprisingly wide range of variation ($-3.5 \lesssim k_ρ \lesssim -0.5$). Regions at later stages of gravitational collapse are associated with steeper density profiles. Inside a region, gas located in the vicinities of dense structures has very steep density profiles with $k_ρ \approx -3$, which forms because of depletion. This density exponent analysis reveals diverse density structures, forming a coherent picture that gravitational collapse leads to a continued steepening of the density profile. We expect our method to be effective in studying other power-law-like density structures, including granular materials and the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Discovery of a coherent, wave-like velocity pattern for the Radcliffe Wave
Creators: name: Li, Guang-Xing
name: Chen, Bing-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently studies discovered that part of the Gould Belt belongs to a 2.7 kpc-long {coherent, thin} wave consisting of a chain of clouds, where a damped undulation pattern has been identified from the spatial arrangement of the clouds. We use the proper motions of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) anchored inside the clouds to study the kinematic structure of the Radcliffe Wave in terms of $v_z$, and identify a damped, wave-like pattern from the $v_z$ space, which we call "velocity undulation". We propose a new formalism based on the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) to determine the amplitude, period, and phase of the undulation pattern, and find that the spatial and the velocity undulation share an almost identical spatial frequency of about 1.5 kpc, and both are damped when measured from one side to the other. Measured for the first cycle, they exhibit a phase difference of around $2π/3$. The structure is oscillating around the midplane of the Milky Way disk with an amplitude of $\sim\,130\,\pm\,20\,\rm pc$. The vertical extent of the Radcliffe Wave exceeds the thickness of the molecular disk, suggesting that the undulation of the undulation signature might originate from a perturbation, e.g. the passage of a dwarf galaxy.
description: accepted by MNRAS letter
An invisible white wall: the career journeys of skilled immigrant women in an Anglo dominant society
Creators: name: Carangio, Vassilissa
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation investigates the career journeys of skilled immigrant women from the UK, India, China and the Philippines in Australia, providing empirical data about skilled immigrant women’s careers. The research reveals how racism and White privilege affect immigrant women’s access to the labour market and their career advancement. By marking and de-neutralising the racialised nature of Australian working spaces, this study illustrates how Whiteness shapes immigrant women’s careers and confers privilege upon the White British group. This thesis also shows how all the skilled immigrant women are affected by patriarchal power relations which serve to hinder their career progression.
Internet of Things and Health Care in Pandemic COVID-19: System Requirements Evaluation
Creators: name: Naji, Hasan
name: Goga, Nicolae
name: Karkar, Ammar
name: Marin, Iuliana
name: Ali, Haider Abdullah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Technology adoption in healthcare services has resulted in advancing care delivery services and improving the experiences of patients. This paper presents research that aims to find the important requirements for a remote monitoring system for patients with COVID-19. As this pandemic is growing more and more, there is a critical need for such systems. In this paper, the requirements and the value are determined for the proposed system, which integrates a smart bracelet that helps to signal patient vital signs. (376) participants completed the online quantitative survey. According to the study results, Most Healthcare Experts, (97.9%) stated that the automated wearable device is very useful, it plays an essential role in routine healthcare tasks (in early diagnosis, quarantine enforcement, and patient status monitoring), and it simplifies their routine healthcare activities. I addition, the main vital signs based on their expert opinion should include temperature (66% of participants) and oxygenation level (95% of participants). These findings are essential to any academic and industrial future efforts to develop these vital wearable systems. The future work will involve implementing the design based on the results of this study and use machine-learning algorithm to better detect the COVID-19 cases based on the monitoring of vital signs and symptoms.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures