cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Increasing Autochthonous Production in Inland Waters as a Contributor to the Missing Carbon Sink
Creators: name: Liu, Zaihua
name: Yan, Hao
name: Zeng, Sibo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: inland waters
subject: aquatic photosynthesis
subject: global carbon cycle
subject: climate change
subject: land-use change
subject: autochthonous production
subject: missing carbon sink
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Accounting for the residual land sink (or missing carbon sink) has become a major budget focus for global carbon cycle modelers. If we are not able to account for the past and current sources and sinks, we cannot make accurate predictions about future storage of fossil fuel combustion emissions of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Here, we show that the autochthonous production (AP) in inland waters appears to have been strengthening in response to changes in climate and land use, as evidenced by decreasing CO2 emissions from and increasing dissolved organic carbon storage and/or organic carbon burial in inland waters during recent decades. The increasing AP may be due chiefly to increasing aquatic photosynthesis caused by global warming and intensifying human activities. We estimate that the missing carbon sink associated with the strengthening AP in inland waters may range from 0.38 to 1.8 Gt C yr-1 with large uncertainties. Our study stresses the potential role that AP may play in the further evolution of the global carbon cycle. Quantitative estimates of future freshwater AP effects on the carbon cycle may also help to guide the action needed to reduce carbon emissions, and increase carbon sinks in terrestrial aquatic ecosystems.
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN TEACHING ENGLISH: ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES
Creators: name: Turganbaeva, Ayzada
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article focuses on the analysis of the communicative approach in teaching English, which is oriented towards the development of real communication and interaction skills. It explores the fundamental principles of this approach, such as the emphasis on practical language use in real situations and the consideration of cultural and contextual aspects. The article highlights the key advantages of the communicative approach, including increased student motivation, improved ability to adapt to various situations, and flexibility in applying teaching methods. Alongside this, the challenges associated with the implementation of this approach are discussed, such as difficulties in assessing progress, the need for qualified teachers, and material adaptation.
Gedanken densities and exact constraints in density functional theory
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: physics.chem-ph

description: Approximations to the exact density functional for the exchange-correlation energy of a many-electron ground state can be constructed by satisfying constraints that are universal, i.e., valid for all electron densities. Gedanken densities are designed for the purpose of this construction, but need not be realistic. The uniform electron gas is an old gedanken density. Here, we propose a spherical two-electron gedanken density in which the dimensionless density gradient can be an arbitrary positive constant wherever the density is non-zero. The Lieb-Oxford lower bound on the exchange energy can be satisfied within a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) by bounding its enhancement factor or simplest GGA exchange-energy density. This enhancement-factor bound is well known to be sufficient, but our gedanken density shows that it is also necessary. The conventional exact exchange-energy density satisfies no such local bound, but energy densities are not unique, and the simplest GGA exchange-energy density is not an approximation to it. We further derive a strongly and optimally tightened bound on the exchange enhancement factor of a two-electron density, which is satisfied by the local density approximation but is violated by all published GGA's or meta-GGA's. Finally, some consequences of the non-uniform density-scaling behavior for the asymptotics of the exchange enhancement factor of a GGA or meta-GGA are given.
The Future Evolution of White Dwarf Stars Through Baryon Decay and Time Varying Gravitational Constant
Creators: name: Ketchum, Jacob A.
name: Adams, Fred C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the possibility that the fundamental ``constants'' of nature could vary with time, this paper considers the long term evolution of white dwarf stars under the combined action of proton decay and variations in the gravitational constant. White dwarfs are thus used as a theoretical laboratory to study the effects of possible time variations, especially their implications for the future history of the universe. More specifically, we consider the gravitational constant $G$ to vary according to the parametric relation $G = G_0 (1 + t/t_\ast)^{-p}$, where the time scale $t_\ast$ is the same order as the proton lifetime. We then study the long term fate and evolution of white dwarf stars. This treatment begins when proton decay dominates the stellar luminosity, and ends when the star becomes optically thin to its internal radiation.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted to Astrophysics and Space Science
A spectral duality in graphs and microwave networks
Creators: name: Hofmann, Tobias
name: Lu, Junjie
name: Kuhl, Ulrich
name: Stöckmann, Hans-Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum graphs and their experimental counterparts, microwave networks, are ideally suited to study the spectral statistics of chaotic systems. The graph spectrum is obtained from the zeros of a secular determinant derived from energy and charge conservation. Depending on the boundary conditions at the vertices, there are Neumann and Dirichlet graphs. The first ones are realized in experiments, since the standard junctions connecting the bonds obey Neumann boundary conditions due to current conservation. On average, the corresponding Neumann and Dirichlet eigenvalues alternate as a function of the wave number, with the consequence that the Neumann spectrum is described by random matrix theory only locally, but adopts features of the interlacing Dirichlet spectrum for long-range correlations. Another spectral interlacing is found for the Green's function, which in contrast to the secular determinant is experimentally accessible. This is illustrated by microwave studies and numerics.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Evaluation of disconnected quark loops for hadron structure using GPUs
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Hadron physics
Lattice QCD

description: A number of stochastic methods developed for the calculation of fermion loops are investigated and compared, in particular with respect to their efficiency when implemented on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We assess the performance of the various methods by studying the convergence and statistical accuracy obtained for observables that require a large number of stochastic noise vectors, such as the isoscalar nucleon axial charge. The various methods are also examined for the evaluation of sigma-terms where noise reduction techniques specific to the twisted mass formulation can be utilized thus reducing the required number of stochastic noise vectors. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The discovery, naming and typification of Michauxia campanuloides (Campanulaceae) with notes on its introduction into cultivation
Creators: name: Lack, Hans Walter
name: Callmander, Martin W.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: CAMPANULACEAE
subject: distribution
subject: East Mediterranean area
subject: Labillardière
subject: L'Héritier
subject: Michaux
subject: Michauxia
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Michauxia campanuloides (Campanulaceae) is a biennial to short-lived perennial characterized by white to purple-suffused, deeply lobed corollas with narrow and strongly reflexed corolla lobes. It occurs widely on the eastern fringe of the Mediterranean area in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel. First collected by Leonhard Rauwolf as early as 1575, it was made known by him through the publication of a description and an illustration. His herbarium specimen, among the first collected in the Near East, survives in Leiden. More than two centuries had to pass until André Michaux and, independently, Jean Jacques Houtou de Labillardière collected M. campanuloides again and made specimens and seeds available to the botanical community in Paris. On the basis of living material, but including references to herbarium specimens, Charles-Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle was the first to provide a binomial for this striking plant. This paper focuses on the widely unappreciated record of herbarium specimens and printed illustrations, and lists and comments on early specimens collected in the wild as well as those cultivated in botanical gardens up to 1800. In addition, the name M. campanuloides is properly lectotypified.
Enjoy an espresso shot of self care
Creators: name: Jewitt, Katharine
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Social psychology

description: Lightning Talk: Jewitt, K. (2021) Self-care Espresso – Reflect, Restore, Re-assert at The Open University Mental Health and Wellbeing Conference, [Online] 2 December 2021
Fife, A.J. 2014: Hedwigiaceae. In: Heenan, P.B.; Breitwieser, I.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand - Mosses. Fascicle 14. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.
Creators: name: Fife, Allan
Publisher: name: Manaaki Whenua Press
Year: 2014

Abstract
Instanton effects in N=1 brane models and the Kahler metric of twisted matter
Creators: name: Billo, Marco
name: Di Vecchia, Paolo
name: Frau, Marialuisa
name: Lerda, Alberto
name: Marotta, Raffaele
name: Pesando, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider locally consistent systems of magnetized D9 branes on an orbifolded six-torus which support N=1 gauge theories. In such realizations, the matter multiplets arise from "twisted" strings connecting different stacks of branes. The introduction of Euclidean 5 branes (E5) wrapped on the six-dimensional compact space leads to instanton effects. For instance, if the system is engineered so as to yield SQCD, a single E5 brane may account for the ADS/TVY superpotential. We discuss the subtle interplay that exists between the annuli diagrams with an E5 boundary and the holomorphicity properties of the effective low-energy action of the N=1 theory. The consistency of this picture allows to obtain information on the Kahler metric of the chiral matter multiplets arising from twisted strings.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures. V2: improved discussion, clarifyng comments and references added. Version to be published in JHEP
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON THE LEGAL SAFEGUARDS FOR SEAFARERS IN TANZANIA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
Creators: name: Suleiman, Juma Mwinyi
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Seafarers, Seafarers Legal Rights, International Conventions and Maritime Labor Laws

description: International conventions aim to protect seafarers' rights globally and in maritime nations like Tanzania. This paper investigates the impact of these conventions in Tanzania, focusing on their implementation and effectiveness. Existing research lacks focus on the Tanzanian context, highlighting the need for further studies on local implementation and the experiences of Tanzanian seafarers. This paper examines the impact of international conventions on the protection of seafarers' legal rights in Tanzania. It explores the significance of international maritime laws and conventions in safeguarding the rights and welfare of seafarers, particularly in the context of Tanzania's maritime industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant conventions, legislation, and case studies, this study assesses the extent to which these legal frameworks have been implemented and enforced to ensure the rights of seafarers are upheld. The findings offer insights into the effectiveness of international conventions in promoting maritime safety, labor standards, and social justice for seafarers operating within Tanzanian waters.
Measurement of charge multiplicity asymmetry correlations in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions at sNN =200 GeV
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: nucl-ex
nucl-th

description: A study is reported of the same- and opposite-sign charge-dependent azimuthal correlations with respect to the event plane in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The charge multiplicity asymmetries between the up/down and left/right hemispheres relative to the event plane are utilized. The contributions from statistical fluctuations and detector effects were subtracted from the (co-)variance of the observed charge multiplicity asymmetries. In the mid- to most-central collisions, the same- (opposite-) sign pairs are preferentially emitted in back-to-back (aligned on the same-side) directions. The charge separation across the event plane, measured by the difference, Δ, between the like- and unlike-sign up/down-left/right correlations, is largest near the event plane. The difference is found to be proportional to the event-by-event final-state particle ellipticity (via the observed second-order harmonic v2obs), where Δ=[1.3±1.4(stat)-1.0+4.0(syst)]×10- 5+[3.2±0.2(stat)-0.3+0.4(syst)]×10-3v2obs for 20-40% Au+Au collisions. The implications for the proposed chiral magnetic effect are discussed. © 2014 American Physical Society.
ELIXIR-EXCELERATE D5.3: Bring Your Own Data (BYOD)
Creators: name: Hooft, Rob
name: Goble, Carole
name: Evelo, Chris
name: Roos, Marco
name: Sansone, Susanna
name: Ehrhart, Friederike
name: Kuzak, Mateusz
name: Carta, Claudio
name: Parkinson, Helen
name: Jansen, Mascha
name: Mons, Barend
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: BYOD
ELIXIR-EXCELERATE

description: A series of workshops have been conducted that have resulted in more FAIR data, FAIRer data repositories, more knowledge about FAIR data and FAIR data processes, and software to support making data FAIR. Similar workshops are getting traction outside of the EXCELERATE project too.
Deoxygenative nucleophilic difluoromethylselenylation of carboxylic acids and alcohols with BT-SeCF2H
Creators: name: Tironi, Matteo
name: Dix, Stefan
name: Hopkinson, Matthew N.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: benzothiazolium salt
subject: efficient nucleophilic reagent
subject: organic molecules
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The benzothiazolium salt BT-SeCF2H is introduced as an efficient nucleophilic reagent for transferring difluoromethylselenyl groups onto organic molecules. SeCF2H-Containing selenoesters could be prepared upon deoxygenative substitution of readily available carboxylic acids, while silver catalysis allowed for efficient formation of (difluoromethyl)selenoethers, including the established electrophilic reagent BnSeCF2H, directly from simple alcohols. To the best of our knowledge, these deoxygenative reactions represent the first reported nucleophilic difluoromethylselenylation processes and thus open up new approaches to prepare valuable fluorinated compounds.
Beam-energy dependence of the directed flow of protons, antiprotons, and pions in au+au collisions
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: (STAR Collaboration)

description: Rapidity-odd directed flow (v1) measurements for charged pions, protons, and antiprotons near midrapidity (y=0) are reported in sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions as recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. At intermediate impact parameters, the proton and net-proton slope parameter dv1/dy|y=0 shows a minimum between 11.5 and 19.6 GeV. In addition, the net-proton dv1/dy|y=0 changes sign twice between 7.7 and 39 GeV. The proton and net-proton results qualitatively resemble predictions of a hydrodynamic model with a first-order phase transition from hadronic matter to deconfined matter, and differ from hadronic transport calculations. © 2014 American Physical Society.
Testing the Dark-Energy-Dominated Cosmology by the Solar-System Experiments
Creators: name: Dumin, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the recent astronomical data, the most part of energy in the Universe is in the 'dark' form, which is effectively described by Lambda-term in Einstein equations. All arguments in favor of the dark energy were obtained so far from the observational data related to very large (intergalactic) scales. Is it possible to find a manifestation of the dark energy at much less scales (e.g. inside the Solar system)?
description: Report at the Eleventh Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity (Freie Universitaet, Berlin, Germany; July 23-29, 2006). Single LaTeX file, 3 pages, auxiliary files required: ws-procs975x65.cls and cite.sty
Influence of topological edge states on the properties of Al/Bi2Se3/Al hybrid Josephson devices
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: cond-mat.supr-con

description: In superconductor-topological insulator-superconductor hybrid junctions, the barrier edge states are expected to be protected against backscattering, to generate unconventional proximity effects, and, possibly, to signal the presence of Majorana fermions. The standards of proximity modes for these types of structures have to be settled for a neat identification of possible new entities. Through a systematic and complete set of measurements of the Josephson properties we find evidence of ballistic transport in coplanar Al-Bi2Se3-Al junctions that we attribute to a coherent transport through the topological edge state. The shunting effect of the bulk only influences the normal transport. This behavior, which can be considered to some extent universal, is fairly independent of the specific features of superconducting electrodes. A comparative study of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and scanning tunneling spectroscopy gave an experimental signature compatible with a two-dimensional electron transport channel with a Dirac dispersion relation. A reduction of the size of the Bi2Se3 flakes to the nanoscale is an unavoidable step to drive Josephson junctions in the proper regime to detect possible distinctive features of Majorana fermions. © 2014 American Physical Society.
Non-Visual Cooking: Exploring Practices and Challenges of Meal Preparation by People with Visual Impairments
Creators: name: Li, Franklin Mingzhe
name: Dorst, Jamie
name: Cederberg, Peter
name: Carrington, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The reliance on vision for tasks related to cooking and eating healthy can present barriers to cooking for oneself and achieving proper nutrition. There has been little research exploring cooking practices and challenges faced by people with visual impairments. We present a content analysis of 122 YouTube videos to highlight the cooking practices of visually impaired people, and we describe detailed practices for 12 different cooking activities (e.g., cutting and chopping, measuring, testing food for doneness). Based on the cooking practices, we also conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 visually impaired people who have cooking experience and show existing challenges, concerns, and risks in cooking (e.g., tracking the status of tasks in progress, verifying whether things are peeled or cleaned thoroughly). We further discuss opportunities to support the current practices and improve the independence of people with visual impairments in cooking (e.g., zero-touch interactions for cooking). Overall, our findings provide guidance for future research exploring various assistive technologies to help people cook without relying on vision.
description: 18 pages
Embeddings of Lipschitz-free spaces into $\ell_1$
Creators: name: Aliaga, Ramón J.
name: Petitjean, Colin
name: Procházka, Antonín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B20, 05C05, 46B25, 54C25

description: We show that, for a separable and complete metric space $M$, the Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal F(M)$ embeds linearly and almost-isometrically into $\ell_1$ if and only if $M$ is a subset of an $\mathbb R$-tree with length measure 0. Moreover, it embeds isometrically if and only if the length measure of the closure of the set of branching points of $M$ (taken in any minimal $\mathbb R$-tree that contains $M$) is negligible. We also prove that, for any subset $M$ of an $\mathbb R$-tree, every extreme point of the unit ball of $\mathcal F(M)$ is an element of the form $(δ(x)-δ(y))/d(x,y)$ for $x\neq y\in M$.
description: Improved main results with respect to v1
title: Current practices in the marketing of higher education in China and England and opportunities obstacles for future developments in the Chinese sector
Creators: name: Zhang, Q
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2022

description: This study examines the current state of higher education in China through views of Chinese university staff and students. It provides insights into the current development pressures and government and social constraints faced by Chinese higher education institutions. These were developed through contrast with an English university and the contrasting English Higher Education system. With analyses of the current marketing practices and reasons behind increased education marketing engagement in the UK, new ways of survival and development can be drawn for Chinese universities, particularly in the international marketplace. The sample consisted of staff and students from Chinese and British case universities and drew on two case studies. In order to provide the necessary in-depth analysis of student and staff experiences and feedback more realistically and directly, the research approach used was qualitative, and the primary research tool was semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed through a combination of grounded theory, narrative analysis, and cross-cultural research. The main findings of the study are threefold. Firstly, internal marketing, international marketing, brand marketing, and online marketing are four business marketing strategies that universities can draw on. Universities can integrate the other three strategies into their daily use, either individually or as needed. Secondly, while marketing strategies help universities survive in a rapidly changing environment, their role and function are influenced by socio-political trends and crises. Effective marketing strategies can often be combined and integrated with other university strategies. The unique national context and political system of China has led to a dilemma in the rapid development of Chinese higher education, which in the future will require Chinese higher education institutions to both adapt to external (international) trends and combine commercial and technological means to develop and operate their universities. At the same time, they cannot exist independently of China's unique national context and the current system and follow the operational development of Western universities. Recommendations include: The Chinese government could help Chinese higher education institutions to integrate marketing strategies into their day-to-day management better if they could take a more open view, revise their understanding of marketing strategy, and develop a broader and more detailed guidance package. As exemplified by UK universities, there is still scope for universities to implement marketing strategies for Western higher education institutions. This can be done by improving internal management systems, designing regular internal surveys to understand internal stakeholders better, and gradually building the university's brand image.
Molecular dynamics of the proline switch and its role in Crk signaling
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cyclophilin A
Humans
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Kinetics
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Proline
Protein Stability
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk
Signal Transduction
Thermodynamics
src Homology Domains

description: The Crk adaptor proteins play a central role as a molecular timer for the formation of protein complexes including various growth and differentiation factors. The loss of regulation of Crk results in many kinds of cancers. A self-regulatory mechanism for Crk was recently proposed, which involves domain-domain rearrangement. It is initiated by a cis-trans isomerization of a specific proline residue (Pro238 in chicken Crk II) and can be accelerated by Cyclophilin A. To understand how the proline switch controls the autoinhibition at the molecular level, we performed large-scale molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations in the context of short peptides and multidomain constructs of chicken Crk II. We found that the equilibrium and kinetic properties of the macrostates are regulated not only by the local environments of specified prolines but also by the global organization of multiple domains. We observe the two macrostates (cis closed/autoinhibited and trans open/uninhibited) consistent with NMR experiments and predict barriers. We also propose an intermediate state, the trans closed state, which interestingly was reported to be a prevalent state in human Crk II. The existence of this macrostate suggests that the rate of switching off the autoinhibition by Cyp A may be limited by the relaxation rate of this intermediate state. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
Moduli of roots of hyperbolic polynomials and Descartes' rule of signs
Creators: name: Kostov, Vladimir Petrov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A real univariate polynomial with all roots real is called hyperbolic. By Descartes' rule of signs for hyperbolic polynomials (HPs) with all coefficients nonvanishing, a HP with $c$ sign changes and $p$ sign preservations in the sequence of its coefficients has exactly $c$ positive and $p$ negative roots. For $c=2$ and for degree $6$ HPs, we discuss the question: When the moduli of the $6$ roots of a HP are arranged in the increasing order on the real half-line, at which positions can be the moduli of its two positive roots depending on the positions of the two sign changes in the sequence of coefficients?
Quality control for proteomics AI
Creators: name: Bittremieux, Wout
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The reliability of AI models and downstream analyses hinges on data quality. This session will provide a hands-on guide to quality control, covering best practices for assessing metadata completeness, identifying inconsistencies in spectra, and validating processed results. Participants will gain practical experience in evaluating public datasets to ensure robust analyses.
Mesh update techniques for free-surface flow solvers using spectral element method
Creators: name: Bouffanais, Roland
name: Deville, Michel O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a novel mesh-update technique for unsteady free-surface Newtonian flows using spectral element method and relying on the arbitrary Lagrangian--Eulerian kinematic description for moving the grid. Selected results showing compatibility of this mesh-update technique with spectral element method are given.
Single spin asymmetries of inclusive hadrons produced in electron scattering from a transversely polarized 3 He target
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: nucl-ex
hep-ex

description: We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries (AN) in the inclusive hadron production reaction, e+3He↑→h+X, using a transversely polarized 3He target. The experiment was conducted at Jefferson Lab in Hall A using a 5.9-GeV electron beam. Three types of hadrons (π±, K±, and proton) were detected in the transverse hadron momentum range 0.54
A conspectus of Tephroseris (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Europe outside Russia and notes on the decline of the genus
Creators: name: Kadereit, Joachim W.
name: Laux, Paula
name: Dillenberger, Markus S.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Asteraceae
subject: Compositae
subject: ETS
subject: Europe
subject: glacial relic
subject: global change
subject: habitat loss
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Tephroseris is generally considered a difficult genus. Based on the examination of extensive herbarium material and considering the existing literature, we recognize seven species in Europe outside Russia. These are T. palustris, T. integrifolia with subsp. integrifolia, subsp. aurantiaca, subsp. capitata, subsp. maritima, subsp. serpentini and subsp. “tundricola”, T. balbisiana, T. crispa, T. helenitis, T. longifolia and T. papposa. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and ETS sequences showed that these species fall into three lineages. These are: (1) T. palustris, clearly related to Arctic species of the genus; (2) T. integrifolia; and (3) the remaining species. Molecular dating of the T. integrifolia lineage resulted in a crown group age of 1.76 (0.85–2.87) million years. Possible reasons for taxonomic difficulties in the genus in Europe outside Russia may include its young phylogenetic age and extensive migration and genetic admixture in the Quaternary. The decline of the genus in Europe outside Russia is documented and discussed. We consider it possible that its decline is related to rising global temperatures.
Disrupting direct inputs from the dorsal subiculum to the granular retrosplenial cortex impairs spatial memory in the rat
Creators: name: Yanakieva, Steliana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 520202
subject: Behavioural neuroscience

description: The dorsal subiculum is the primary source of hippocampal projections to the rat retrosplenial cortex. Although, both regions are implicated in spatial memory and navigation, the significance of their direct interconnections remains poorly understood. The present study selectively disrupted dorsal subiculum projections to retrosplenial cortex with inhibitory designer-receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (iDREADDs), activated locally by clozapine. iDREADDs were injected in the dorsal subiculum in adult male rats (N=14), where they were transported anterogradely to granular retrosplenial cortex. In a separate control group, GFP expressing adeno-associated virus was injected into the dorsal subiculum (N=8). Both groups received behavioural sessions preceded either by intracerebral infusions of clozapine or saline within retrosplenial cortex. Behavioural testing involved reinforced T-maze alternation, with five test variations that differentially taxed intra-maze, extra-maze, and egocentric strategies. Disruption of the subiculum to retrosplenial projections impaired spatial working memory whenever the test variant created a conflict between cue-types, associated with a switch between different strategies. These findings suggest that the direct projections from the dorsal subiculum to the granular retrosplenial cortex help to maintain the flexible integration of different spatial cue-types.
Traditionally Used Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Screening for Uptake Inhibition of Glucose and Fructose in the Caco2-Cell Model
Creators: name: Schreck, Katharina
name: Melzig, Matthias F.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: plant extracts
subject: traditional use
subject: glucose
subject: fructose
subject: uptake inhibition
subject: Diabetes mellitus
subject: Caco2 cells
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The traditional use of plants and their preparations in the treatment of diseases as a first medication in the past centuries indicates the presence of active components for specific targets in the natural material. Many of the tested plants in this study have been traditionally used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated symptoms in different cultural areas. Additionally, hypoglycemic effects, such as a decrease in blood glucose concentration, have been demonstrated in vivo for these plants. In order to determine the mode of action, the plants were prepared as methanolic and aqueous extracts and tested for their effects on intestinal glucose and fructose absorption in Caco2 cells. The results of this screening showed significant and reproducible inhibition of glucose uptake between 40 and 80% by methanolic extracts made from the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Lycium chinense, and Vaccinium myrtillus; the leaves of Brassica oleracea, Juglans regia, and Peumus boldus; and the roots of Adenophora triphylla. Furthermore, glucose uptake was inhibited between 50 and 70% by aqueous extracts made from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides and the fruit skin of Malus domestica. The methanolic extracts of Juglans regia and Peumus boldus inhibited the fructose transport between 30 and 40% in Caco2 cells as well. These findings can be considered as fundamental work for further research regarding the treatment of obesity-correlated diseases, such as Diabetes mellitus type 2.
Simultaneous Matrix Orderings for Graph Collections
Creators: name: van Beusekom, Nathan
name: Meulemans, Wouter
name: Speckmann, Bettina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Undirected graphs are frequently used to model networks. The topology of an undirected graph G can be captured by an adjacency matrix; this matrix in turn can be visualized directly to give insight into the graph structure. Which visual patterns appear in such a matrix visualization depends on the ordering of its rows and columns. Formally defining the quality of an ordering and then automatically computing a high-quality ordering are both challenging problems; however, effective heuristics exist and are used in practice. Often, graphs exist as part of a collection of graphs on the same set of vertices. To visualize such graph collections, we need a single ordering that works well for all matrices simultaneously. The current state-of-the-art solves this problem by taking a (weighted) union over all graphs and applying existing heuristics. However, this union leads to a loss of information, specifically in those parts of the graphs which are different. We propose a collection-aware approach to avoid this loss of information and apply it to two popular heuristic methods: leaf order and barycenter. The de-facto standard computational quality metrics for matrix ordering capture only block-diagonal patterns (cliques). Instead, we propose to use Moran's I, a spatial auto-correlation metric, which captures the full range of established patterns. The popular leaf order method heuristically optimizes a similar measure which supports the use of Moran's I in this context. We evaluated our methods for simultaneous orderings on real-world datasets using Moran's I as the quality metric. Our results show that our collection-aware approach matches or improves performance compared to the union approach, depending on the similarity of the graphs in the collection. Specifically, our Moran's I-based collection-aware leaf order implementation consistently outperforms other implementations.
Emergence of a tet(M) Variant Conferring Resistance to Tigecycline in Streptococcus suis
Creators: name: Yu, Rui
name: Zhang, Yue
name: Xu, Yindi
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Li, Xin-Sheng
name: Shang, Yan-Hong
name: Du, Xiang-Dang
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Streptococcus suis
subject: genomic island
subject: tigecycline
subject: resistance
subject: tet(M) variant
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The aim of this study was to gain insight into the resistance determinants conferring resistance to tigecycline in Streptococcus (S.) suis and to investigate the genetic elements involved in their horizontal transfer. A total of 31 tetracycline-resistant S. suis isolates were screened for tigecycline resistance by broth microdilution. S. suis isolate SC128 was subjected to whole genome sequencing with particular reference to resistance determinants involved in tigecycline resistance. Transferability of genomic island (GI) GISsuSC128 was investigated by transformation. The roles of tet(L) or tet(M) in contributing to tigecycline resistance in S. suis were confirmed by transformation using different tet(L)- or tet(M)-carrying constructs. Only S. suis SC128 showed a tigecycline resistance phenotype. A tet(L)-tet(M) and catA8 co-carrying GISsuSC128 was identified in this isolate. After transfer of the novel GI into a susceptible recipient, this recipient showed the same tigecycline resistance phenotype. Further transfer experiments with specific tet(L)- or tet(M)-carrying constructs confirmed that only tet(M), but not tet(L), contributes to resistance to tigecycline. Protein sequence analysis identified a Tet(M) variant, which is responsible for tigecycline resistance in S. suis SC128. It displayed 94.8% amino acid identity with the reference Tet(M) of Enterococcus faecium DO plasmid 1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a tet(M) variant conferring resistance to tigecycline was identified in S. suis. Its location on a GI will accelerate its transmission among the S. suis population.
Towards an open, zoomable atlas for invasion science and beyond
Creators: name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
name: Heger, Tina
name: Kraker, Peter
name: Schramm, Maxi
name: Kittel, Christopher
name: Mietchen, Daniel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: hierarchy-of-hypotheses (HoH) approach
subject: hypothesis networks
subject: interactive knowledge discovery
subject: invasive alien species
subject: invasion biology
subject: Open Knowledge Maps
subject: open science
subject: Wikidata
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Biological invasions are on the rise, and their global impacts on ecosystems, economies and human health are a major challenge. Invasion science is critical to mitigate invader impacts, yet due to the strong increase of data and information in this area, it has become difficult to acquire and maintain an overview of the field. As a result, existing evidence is often not found, knowledge is too rarely transferred to practice, and research is sometimes conducted in pursuit of dead ends. We propose to address these challenges by developing an interactive atlas of invasion science that can be extended to other disciplines in the future. This online portal, which we aim to create in the course of the project described here, will be an evolving knowledge resource and open for anyone to use, including researchers, citizen scientists, practitioners and policy makers. Users will be able to zoom into the major research questions and hypotheses of invasion science, which are connected to the relevant studies published in the field and, if available, the underlying raw data. The portal will apply cutting-edge visualization techniques, artificial intelligence and novel methods for knowledge synthesis.
The Density Matrix Renormalization Group and the Nuclear Shell Model
Creators: name: Pittel, S.
name: Thakur, B.
name: Sandulescu, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize recent efforts to develop an angular-momentum-conserving variant of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group method into a practical truncation strategy for large-scale shell model calculations of atomic nuclei. Following a brief description of the key elements of the method, we report the results of test calculations for $^{48}$Cr and $^{56}$Ni. In both cases we consider nucleons limited to the 2p-1f shell and interacting via the KB3 interaction. Both calculations produce a high level of agreement with the exact shell-model results. Furthermore, and most importantly, the fraction of the complete space required to achieve this high level of agreement goes down rapidly as the size of the full space grows.
Kit-Net: Self-Supervised Learning to Kit Novel 3D Objects into Novel 3D Cavities
Creators: name: Devgon, Shivin
name: Ichnowski, Jeffrey
name: Danielczuk, Michael
name: Brown, Daniel S.
name: Balakrishna, Ashwin
name: Joshi, Shirin
name: Rocha, Eduardo M. C.
name: Solowjow, Eugen
name: Goldberg, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In industrial part kitting, 3D objects are inserted into cavities for transportation or subsequent assembly. Kitting is a critical step as it can decrease downstream processing and handling times and enable lower storage and shipping costs. We present Kit-Net, a framework for kitting previously unseen 3D objects into cavities given depth images of both the target cavity and an object held by a gripper in an unknown initial orientation. Kit-Net uses self-supervised deep learning and data augmentation to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to robustly estimate 3D rotations between objects and matching concave or convex cavities using a large training dataset of simulated depth images pairs. Kit-Net then uses the trained CNN to implement a controller to orient and position novel objects for insertion into novel prismatic and conformal 3D cavities. Experiments in simulation suggest that Kit-Net can orient objects to have a 98.9% average intersection volume between the object mesh and that of the target cavity. Physical experiments with industrial objects succeed in 18% of trials using a baseline method and in 63% of trials with Kit-Net. Video, code, and data are available at https://github.com/BerkeleyAutomation/Kit-Net.
Helical Microstructures of the Mineralized Coralline Red Algae Determine Their Mechanical Properties
Creators: name: Bianco‐Stein, Nuphar
name: Polishchuk, Iryna
name: Seiden, Gabriel
name: Villanova, Julie
name: Rack, Alexander
name: Zaslansky, Paul
name: Pokroy, Boaz
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: biominerals
subject: algae
subject: calcite
subject: hierarchical structure
subject: mechanical properties
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Through controlled biomineralization, organisms yield complicated structures with specific functions. Here, Jania sp., an articulated coralline red alga that secretes high-Mg calcite as part of its skeleton, is in focus. It is shown that Jania sp. exhibits a remarkable structure, which is highly porous (with porosity as high as 64 vol%) and reveals several hierarchical orders from the nano to the macroscale. It is shown that the structure is helical, and proven that its helical configuration provides the alga with superior compliance that allows it to adapt to stresses in its natural environment. Thus, the combination of high porosity and a helical configuration result in a sophisticated, light-weight, compliant structure. It is anticipated that the findings on the advantages of such a structure are likely to be of value in the design or improvement of lightweight structures with superior mechanical properties.
JLab measurement of the he 4 charge form factor at large momentum transfers
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration

description: The charge form factor of He4 has been extracted in the range 29fm-2≤Q2≤77fm-2 from elastic electron scattering, detecting He4 recoil nuclei and electrons in coincidence with the high resolution spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab. The measurements have uncovered a second diffraction minimum for the form factor, which was predicted in the Q2 range of this experiment. The data are in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations based on realistic interactions and accurate methods to solve the few-body problem. © 2014 American Physical Society.
A General Origin for Multi-Planetary Systems With Significantly Misaligned USP Planets
Creators: name: Brefka, Lucas
name: Becker, Juliette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-short period (USP) planets are exoplanets which have orbital periods of less than one day and are unique because they orbit inside the nominal magnetic truncation gap of their host stars. In some cases, USP planets have also been observed to exhibit unique dynamical parameters such as significant misalignments in inclination angle with respect to nearby planets. In this paper, we explore how the geometry of a multi-planet system hosting a USP planet can be expected to evolve as a star ages. In particular, we explore the relationship between the mutual inclination of the USP planet and the quadrupole moment ($J_2$) of the host star. We use secular perturbation theory to predict the past evolution of the example TOI-125 system, and then confirm the validity of our results using long-term N-body simulations. Through investigating how the misalignment between the candidate USP planet and the three other short-period planets in the TOI-125 system arose, we intend to derive a better understanding of the population of systems with misaligned USP planets and how their observed parameters can be explained in the context of their dynamical histories.
description: Accepted to AJ
Equally Spaced Quantum States in van der Waals Epitaxy-Grown Nanoislands
Creators: name: Liu, Chaofei
name: Zhao, Chunxiang
name: Zhong, Shan
name: Chen, Cheng
name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Jia, Yu
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pursuing the confinement of linearly dispersive relativistic fermions is of interest in both fundamental physics and potential applications. Here, we report strong STM evidence for the equally spaced, strikingly sharp, and densely distributed quantum well states (QWSs) near Fermi energy in Pb(111) nanoislands, van-der-Waals epitaxially grown on graphitized 6H-SiC(0001). The observations can be explained as the quantized energies of confined linearly dispersive [111] electrons, which essentially 'simulate' the out-of-plane relativistic quasiparticles. The equally spaced QWSs with an origin of confined relativistic electrons are supported by phenomenological simulations and Fabry-Perot fittings based on the relativistic fermions. First-principles calculations further reveal that the spin-orbit coupling strengthens the relativistic nature of electrons near Fermi energy. Our finding uncovers the unique equally spaced quantum states in electronic systems beyond Landau levels, and may inspire future studies on confined relativistic quasiparticles in flourishing topological materials and applications in structurally simpler quantum cascade laser.