cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stochastic modeling of stratospheric temperature
Creators: name: Eggen, Mari Dahl
name: Dahl, Kristina Rognlien
name: Näsholm, Sven Peter
name: Mæland, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This study suggests a stochastic model for time series of daily-zonal (circumpolar) mean stratospheric temperature at a given pressure level. It can be seen as an extension of previous studies which have developed stochastic models for surface temperatures. The proposed model is a sum of a deterministic seasonality function and a Lévy-driven multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which is a mean-reverting stochastic process. More specifically, the deseasonalized temperature model is an order 4 continuous time autoregressive model, meaning that the stratospheric temperature is modeled to be directly dependent on the temperature over four preceding days, while the model's longer-range memory stems from its recursive nature. This study is based on temperature data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis model product. The residuals of the autoregressive model are well-represented by normal inverse Gaussian distributed random variables scaled with a time-dependent volatility function. A monthly variability in speed of mean reversion of stratospheric temperature is found, hence suggesting a generalization of the 4th order continuous time autoregressive model. A stochastic stratospheric temperature model, as proposed in this paper, can be used in geophysical analyses to improve the understanding of stratospheric dynamics. In particular, such characterizations of stratospheric temperature may be a step towards greater insight in modeling and prediction of large-scale middle atmospheric events, such as for example sudden stratospheric warmings. Through stratosphere-troposphere coupling, the stratosphere is hence a source of extended tropospheric predictability at weekly to monthly timescales, which is of great importance in several societal and industry sectors.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
The Low-Energy Spectral Index of Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission from Internal Shocks
Creators: name: Wang, Kai
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prompt emission of most gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) typically exhibits a non-thermal Band component. The synchrotron radiation in the popular internal shock model is generally put forward to explain such a non-thermal component. However, the low-energy photon index $α\sim -1.5$ predicted by the synchrotron radiation is inconsistent with the observed value $α\sim -1$. Here, we investigate the evolution of a magnetic field during propagation of internal shocks within an ultrarelativistic outflow, and revisit the fast cooling of shock-accelerated electrons via synchrotron radiation for this evolutional magnetic field. We find that the magnetic field is first nearly constant and then decays as $B'\propto t^{-1}$, which leads to a reasonable range of the low-energy photon index, $-3/2 < α< -2/3$. In addition, if a rising electron injection rate during a GRB is introduced, we find that $α$ reaches $-2/3$ more easily. We thus fit the prompt emission spectra of GRB 080916c and GRB~080825c.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; Invited research article in Galaxies special issue "Gamma-Ray Burst Science in 2030", final edited version
Additional file 8: of Delayed loss of UBE3A reduces the expression of Angelman syndrome-associated phenotypes
Creators: name: Sonzogni, Monica
name: Hakonen, Johanna
name: Kleijn, Mireia Bernabé
name: Silva-Santos, Sara
name: Judson, Matthew
name: Philpot, Benjamin
name: Woerden, Geeske
name: Elgersma, Ype
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Figure S4. Deletion of UBE3A in adult mice. A. Immunohistochemical stainings indicate reduced protein levels of BE3A in Ube3aflox-TAM mice compared to Ube3aflox-VEH control group. B. Ube3a gene deletion at 12 weeks of age upon CRE activation by tamoxifen injection C. Western blot data indicate reduced UBE3A protein levels in Ube3aflox-Creembryo+ mice compared to control groups. Number of mice used for the Western blot analysis is n = 3/genotype. Data shown are mean (±SEM). See Additional file 3: Table S2 for statistical analysis and the sample sizes. (PDF 51 kb)
ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ ИЧКИ ИШЛАР ОРГАНЛАРИ ҲУҚУҚБУЗАРЛИКЛАР ПРОФИЛАКТИКАСИ ФАОЛИЯТИНИНГ ҲУҚУҚИЙ АСОСЛАРИ
Creators: name: Ахмедов, Ислом
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Мақолада Ўзбекистон Республикаси ички ишлар органлари ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикаси фаолиятининг ҳуқуқий асослари хусусида фикр юритилиб, мазкур фаолиятни янада самарали ташкил қилишга оид таклиф ҳамда тавсиялар билдирилган.
Additional file 7 of Impact of short-read sequencing on the misassembly of a plant genome
Creators: name: Peipei Wang
name: Fanrui Meng
name: Moore, Bethany M.
name: Shiu, Shin-Han
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S7. Sensitivity and accuracy of CNVnator in RD value calculation, and impact of genome coverages on RD values. a RD distribution of new CNVnator runs by mapping re-sampled reads from the tomato genome based on simulated input RD, where the only possible RD values were 0 (LC), 1 (BG), or 2 (HC). b-d Correlation between known, simulated input RDs and new RD values from new CNVnator run using the resampled reads. In (b), the simulated RD values were generated as in (a). In (c), the analysis RD values (those generated with CNVator by mapping dataset2 reads on to the tomato genome, see Methods) were first discretized (rounded) to their closest integers, then the rounded RD values were used for resampling reads for determining new RD values. In (d), the analysis RD values were directly used for resampling reads for determining new RD values. e-i Correlation between RD values using all reads (46X coverage) and RD values using subsets of reads at variable coverage: (e) 30X, (f) 20X, (g) 10X, (h) 5X, (i) 46X.
A Framework for Understanding AI-Induced Field Change: How AI Technologies are Legitimized and Institutionalized
Creators: name: Larsen, Benjamin Cedric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems operate in increasingly diverse areas, from healthcare to facial recognition, the stock market, autonomous vehicles, and so on. While the underlying digital infrastructure of AI systems is developing rapidly, each area of implementation is subject to different degrees and processes of legitimization. By combining elements from institutional theory and information systems-theory, this paper presents a conceptual framework to analyze and understand AI-induced field-change. The introduction of novel AI-agents into new or existing fields creates a dynamic in which algorithms (re)shape organizations and institutions while existing institutional infrastructures determine the scope and speed at which organizational change is allowed to occur. Where institutional infrastructure and governance arrangements, such as standards, rules, and regulations, still are unelaborate, the field can move fast but is also more likely to be contested. The institutional infrastructure surrounding AI-induced fields is generally little elaborated, which could be an obstacle to the broader institutionalization of AI-systems going forward.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Chiral bosons on Bargmann space associated with A$_r$ Statistics
Creators: name: Daoud, M.
name: Hamama, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a large collection of particles obeying $A_r$ statistics. The system behaves like a quantum droplet characterized by a constant Husimi distribution. We show that the excitations of this system live on the boundary of the droplet and they are described by an effective chiral boson action generalizing the Wess-Zumino-Witten theory in two dimension. Our analysis is based on the Fock-Bargmann analytical representations associated to $A_r$ statistics. The quantization of the theory describing the dynamics on the edge is achieved. As by product, we prove that the edge excitations are given by a tensorial product of $r$ abelian bosonic fields.
description: 17 pages
Additional file 8 of Impact of short-read sequencing on the misassembly of a plant genome
Creators: name: Peipei Wang
name: Fanrui Meng
name: Moore, Bethany M.
name: Shiu, Shin-Han
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Figure S8. F1 of HC/LC/BG region calling. a-d CNVnator runs were conducted using resampled reads based on different starting RD values as in Fig. S7 using read dataset 2. As in Fig. S7, the simulated RD values include: (a) possible RD values of only 0 (LC), 1 (BG), or 2 (HC); (b) analysis RD values discretized/rounded to integers; (c) analysis RD without discretization; (d) analysis RD without discretization but down-sampled to 30X (note the y-axis range is much smaller compared to (a-c)). Each dot indicates an F1 value (y-axis) at a given q-value threshold (x-axis), where F1 was calculated using: (1) numbers of nucleotides in overlapping regions between the HC/LC region designations based on the analysis RD and new HC/LC regions determined using resampled reads (True Positive), (2) numbers of nucleotides in true HC/LC regions but determined as BG regions in new run (False Negative), and (3) numbers of nucleotides in true BG regions but determined as HC/LC regions in new run (False Positive, see Methods). Orange line: LOESS fitted curve. e-h Same as (a-d) except that the F1 was determined based on numbers of regions as opposed to numbers of nucleotides.
Excitation control of torsional oscillations due to subsynchronous resonance
Creators: name: Yan, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Subsynchronous resonance phenomena in a power system with series-capacitor-compensated transmission lines may cause damaging torsional oscillations in the shafts of the turbine generator. In this thesis a high-order power system model for subsynchronous resonance studies is derived. An excitation procedure for control of torsional oscillations is presented. The excitation control is of the linear optimal type synthesized from the system's output signals. Dynamic performance tests of the excitation controller on the nonlinear model show that all mode oscillations can be stabilized simultaneously within the range of dynamic stability for a wide range of capacitor compensation, but not for a severe transient fault.
Noncommutative scalar fields from symplectic deformation
Creators: name: Daoud, M.
name: Hamama, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is concerned with the quantum theory of noncommutative scalar fields in two dimensional space time. It is shown that the noncommutativity originates from the the deformation of symplectic structures. The quantization is performed and the modes expansions of the fields, in presence of an electro-magnetic background, are derived. The Hamiltonian of the theory is given and the degeneracies lifting, induced by the deformation, is also discussed.
description: 14 pages
The Risk of Cascading Failures in Electrical Grids Triggered by Extreme Weather Events
Creators: name: Stürmer, Julian M.
name: Plietzsch, Anton
name: Anvari, Mehrnaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: One of the serious threats related to climate change is an increase in the number and severity of extreme weather events. A prominent example are hurricanes, which result from rising coastal temperatures. Such extreme weather events can cause extensive damages in infrastructure systems and, potentially, destroy components in electricity transmission networks, which in turn can lead to major blackouts. In our recent work, we study the risk of hurricane-induced cascading failures in power systems of the U.S. East Coast using historical wind field data sets. For this purpose, we model the destruction of overhead transmission lines during hurricanes, where each failing line causes a rerouting of power flow in the system. New power flows can overload additional lines, which are then automatically deactivated and thereby cause another rerouting of power flow and so on. Ultimately, a cascade of failures can unfold that can black out large parts of the power system.
On the Terminal Spins of Accreting Stars and Planets: Boundary Layers
Creators: name: Dittmann, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the spins of giant planets is an open question in astrophysics. As planets and stars accrete from discs, if the specific angular momentum accreted corresponds to that of a Keplerian orbit at the surface of the object, it is possible for planets and stars to be spun up to near-breakup speeds. However, accretion cannot proceed onto planets and stars in the same way that accretion proceeds through the disk. For example, the magneto-rotational instability cannot operate in the region between the nearly-Keplerian disk and more slowly-rotating surface because of the sign of the angular velocity gradient. Through this boundary layer where the angular velocity sharply changes, mass and angular momentum transport is thought to be driven by acoustic waves generated by global supersonic shear instabilities and vortices. We present the first study of this mechanism for angular momentum transport around rotating stars and planets using 2D vertically-integrated moving-mesh simulations of ideal hydrodynamics. We find that above rotation rates of $\sim0.4-0.6$ times the Keplerian rate at the surface, depending on the gas sound speed, the rate at which angular momentum is transported inwards through the boundary layer by waves decreases by $\sim1-3$ orders of magnitude. We also find that the accretion rate through the boundary layer decreases commensurately and becomes less variable for faster-rotating objects. Our results provide a purely hydrodynamic mechanism for limiting the spins of accreting planets and stars to factors of a few less than the breakup speed.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Symplectic Deformations, Non Commutative Scalar Fields and Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Creators: name: Daoud, M.
name: Hamama, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We clearly show that the symplectic structures deformations lead, upon quantization, to quantum theories of non commutative fields. Two variants of deformations are considered. The quantization is performed and the modes expansions of the quantum fields are derived. The Hamiltonians are given and the degeneracies lifting induced by the deformation is also discussed. As illustration, we consider the noncommutative chiral boson fields in the context of fractional quantum Hall effect. A generalized fractional filling factor is derived and shown to reproduce the Jain Hall states. We also show that the coupling of left and right edge excitations of a quantum Hall sample, gives rise a noncommutative chiral boson theory. The coupling or the non-commutativity induces a shift of the chiral components velocities. A non linear dispersion relation is obtained corroborating some recent analytical and numerical analysis.
description: 23 pages, Accepted for publication in IJMPA
Physical Drivers of Emission Line Diversity of SDSS Seyfert 2s and LINERs After Removal of Contributions by Star Formation
Creators: name: Agostino, Christopher J.
name: Salim, Samir
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Juneau, Stéphanie
name: Koo, David C.
name: Tang, Yimeng
name: Luo, Yifei
name: Quiros, Sofia
name: Zhao, Pin-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionization sources other than HII regions give rise to the right-hand branch in the standard ([NII]) BPT diagram, populated by Seyfert 2s and LINERs. However, because the majority of Seyfert/LINER hosts are star forming (SF), HII regions contaminate the observed lines to some extent, making it unclear if the position along the branch is merely due to various degrees of mixing between pure Seyfert/LINER and SF, or whether it reflects the intrinsic diversity of Seyfert/LINER ionizing sources. In this study, we empirically remove SF contributions in ~100,000 Seyfert/LINERs from SDSS using the doppelganger method. We find that mixing is not the principal cause of the extended morphology of the observed branch. Rather, Seyferts/LINERs intrinsically have a wide range of line ratios. Variations in ionization parameter and metallicity can account for much of the diversity of Seyfert/LINER line ratios, but the hardness of ionization field also varies significantly. Furthermore, our k-means classification on seven decontaminated emission lines reveals that LINERs are made up of two populations, which we call soft and hard LINERs. The Seyfert 2s differ from both types of LINERs primarily by higher ionization parameter, whereas the two LINER types mainly differ from each other (and from star-forming regions) in the hardness of the radiation field. We confirm that the [NII] BPT diagram more efficiently identifies LINERs than [SII] and [OI] diagnostics, because in the latter many LINERs, especially soft ones, occupy the same location as pure star-formers, even after the SF has been removed from LINER emission.
description: Accepted to ApJ. Main results in Figures 6 and 7. Seyfert/LINER classification (Table 1) available at https://salims.pages.iu.edu/agn . Comments welcome
Additional file 1: of Management of Inflammatory Arthritis in pregnancy: a National Cross-Sectional Survey of Canadian rheumatologists
Creators: name: Vera, Mary
name: Corisande Baldwin
name: Tsao, Nicole
name: Howren, Alyssa
name: Hazlewood, Glen
name: RebiÄ, Nevena
name: Ensworth, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Rheumatologist Survey on the Management of Inflammatory Arthritis in Pregnancy (PDF 210 kb)
The harmonic component of the millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations in 4U 1636-53
Creators: name: Fei, Zhenyan
name: Lyu, Ming
name: Mendez, Mariano
name: Altamirano, D.
name: Zhang, Guobao
name: Mancuso, G. C.
name: Xiang, Fu-Yuan
name: Yang, X. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the harmonics of the millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) in the neutron-star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53 using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations. We detected the harmonics of the mHz QPOs in 73 data intervals, with most of them in the transitional spectra state. We found that the ratio between the rms amplitude of the harmonic and that of the fundamental remains constant in a wide range of the fundamental frequency. More importantly, we studied, for the first time, the rms amplitude of the harmonics vs. energy in 4U 1636-53 in the 2-5 keV range. We found that the rms amplitude of both the harmonic and the fundamental shows a decreasing trend as the energy increases, which is different from the behaviors reported in QPOs in certain black hole systems. Furthermore, our results suggest that not all observations with mHz QPOs have the harmonic component, although the reason behind this is still unclear.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
Additional file 1 of Efficacy, safety and phytochemistry of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a systematic review
Creators: name: Deyno, Serawit
name: Kassahun Eneyew
name: Sisay Seyfe
name: Wondim, Elias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Interlayer coupling in EuS/SrS, EuS/PbSe and EuS/PbTe magnetic semiconductor superlatices
Creators: name: Kepa, H.
name: Majkrzak, C. F.
name: Sipatov, A.
name: Fedorov, A. G.
name: Samburskaya, T. A.
name: Giebultowicz, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron reflectivity studies of EuS/SrS, EuS/PbSe, and EuS/PbTe all-semiconductor superlattices were carried out in search for exchange interlayer coupling. A relatively weak antiferromagnetic coupling was found in EuS/SrS and in EuS/PbSe systems but no interlayer coupling was detected in EuS/PbTe superlattices. In EuS/SrS, where the SrS spacer is an insulator ($E_g\approx 4$ eV), a very weak and short range interlayer coupling is in agreement with the earlier theoretical predictions that the interlayer coupling strength in EuS-based magnetic semiconductor superlattices depends strongly on the energy gap of the nonmagnetic layer and should decrease with an increase of the energy gap of the spacer material. A weak coupling in EuS/PbSe and no coupling in EuS/PbTe, where both PbSe and PbTe are narrow-gap semiconductors ($E_g\approx 0.3$ eV), is in disagreement not only with the theoretical expectations but also in a stark contrast with earlier results for another narrow-gap spacer system -- EuS/PbS, where pronounced antiferromagnetic coupling persists even in samples with PbS layer thickness as large as 200 Å. A possible influence of the increasing lattice mismatch between EuS and the spacer materials (0.5%, 0.8%, 2.5%, and 8.2% for PbS, SrS, PbSe, and PbTe, respectively) on the magnetic in-plane ordering of EuS layer and, consequently, on the interlayer coupling was investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry in the case of EuS/PbTe.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. submitted to J. Phys. Cond. Matter
A semi-analytic afterglow with thermal electrons and synchrotron self-Compton emission
Creators: name: Warren, Donald C.
name: Dainotti, Maria
name: Barkov, Maxim V.
name: Ahlgren, Bjorn
name: Ito, Hirotaka
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend previous work on gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows involving hot thermal electrons at the base of a shock-accelerated tail. Using a physically-motivated electron distribution based on first-principles simulations, we compute broadband emission from radio to TeV gamma-rays. For the first time, we present the effects of a thermal distribution of electrons on synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission. The presence of thermal electrons causes temporal and spectral structure across the entire observable afterglow, which is substantively different from models that assume a pure power-law distribution for the electrons. We show that early-time TeV emission is enhanced by more than an order of magnitude for our fiducial parameters, with a time-varying spectral index that does not occur for a pure power law of electrons. We further show that the X-ray "closure relations" take a very different, also time-dependent, form when thermal electrons are present; the shape traced out by the X-ray afterglows is a qualitative match to observations of the traditional decay phase.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures. Includes changes requested by referee
Production and measuring methods and procedures in precision optical cavities production
Creators: name: Benes, Jiri
name: Prochaska, Frantisek
name: Rail, Zdenek
name: Tomka, David
name: Pradova, Lenka
name: Cip, Ondrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents the development of the production process of a Fabry Perot type laser resonator. It describes the acquired knowledge in the field of production of very precise optical standards, cavities, and lenses. In addition, it describes the measurement methods used in production. The work is intended for industry and science.
Jet substructure as a new Higgs search channel at the LHC
Creators: name: Butterworth, Jonathan M.
name: Davison, Adam R.
name: Rubin, Mathieu
name: Salam, Gavin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These proceedings discuss a possible new search strategy for a light Higgs boson at the LHC, in high-pt WH and ZH production where the Higgs boson decays to a single collimated b-bbar jet. Material is included that is complementary to what was shown in the original article, arXiv:0802.2470.
description: Talk presented by G. Salam at SUSY08, the 16th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions, Seoul, Korea, June 2008
The observed multiplicity properties of B-type stars in the Galactic young open cluster NGC 6231
Creators: name: Banyard, G.
name: Sana, H.
name: Mahy, L.
name: Bodensteiner, J.
name: Villaseñor, J. I.
name: Evans, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that massive O-stars are frequently (if not always) found in binary or higher-order multiple systems, but this fact has been less robustly investigated for the lower mass range of the massive stars, represented by the B-type stars. Obtaining the binary fraction and orbital parameter distributions of B-type stars is crucial to understand the impact of multiplicity on the archetypal progenitor of core-collapse supernovae as well as to properly investigate formation channels for gravitational wave progenitors. This work aims to characterise the multiplicity of the B-star population of the young open cluster NGC 6231 through multi-epoch optical spectroscopy of 80 B-type stars. We analyse 31 FLAMES/GIRAFFE observations of 80 B-type stars, monitoring their radial velocities (RVs) and performing a least-squares spectral analysis (Lomb-Scargle) to search for periodicity in those stars with statistically significant variability in their RVs. We constrain an observed spectroscopic binary fraction of $33\pm5$% for the B-type stars of NGC 6231, with a first order bias-correction giving a true spectroscopic binary fraction of $52\pm8$%. Out of 27 B-type binary candidates, we obtained orbital solutions for 20 systems: 15 single-lined (SB1) and 5 double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s). We present these orbital solutions and the orbital parameter distributions associated with them. Our results indicate that Galactic B-type stars are less frequently found in binary systems than their more massive O-type counterparts, but their orbital properties generally resemble those of B- and O-type stars in both the Galaxy and Large Magellanic Cloud.
Additional file 2 of Decorating the surface of Escherichia coli with bacterial lipoproteins: a comparative analysis of different display systems
Creators: name: Nicchi, Sonia
name: Giuliani, Maria
name: Giusti, Fabiola
name: Pancotto, Laura
name: Maione, Domenico
name: Delany, Isabel
name: Galeotti, Cesira L.
name: Brettoni, Cecilia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2. DNA sequence for the delivery systems used in this study.
Modeling Buried Object Brightness and Visibility for Ground Penetrating Radar
Creators: name: Stevenson, Garrett A.
name: Wilson, Jason
name: Worthmann, Brian M.
name: Xavier, Wlamir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comparing the observed brightness of various buried objects is a straightforward way to characterize the performance of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. However, a limitation arises. A simple comparison of buried object brightness values does not disentangle the effects of the GPR system itself from the system's operating environment and the objects being observed. Therefore, with brightness values exhibiting an unknown synthesis of systemic, environmental, and object factors, GPR system analysis becomes a convoluted affair. In this work, we use an experimentally collected dataset of over 25,000 object observations from five different multi-static radar arrays to develop models of buried object brightness and control for these various effects. Our modeling efforts provide a means for quantifying the relative brightness of GPR systems, the objects they detect, and the physical properties of those objects which influence observed brightness. To evaluate the models' performance on new object observations, we repeatedly simulate fitting them to half the dataset and predicting the observed brightness values of the unseen half. Additionally, we introduce a method for estimating the probability that individual observations constitute a visible object, which aids in failure analysis, performance characterization, and dataset cleaning.
Long-term stability of planets in and around binary stars
Creators: name: Ballantyne, Harry A.
name: Espaas, Tore
name: Norgrove, Bethan Z.
name: Wootton, Bethany A.
name: Harris, Benjamin R.
name: Pepper, Isaac L.
name: Smith, Richard D.
name: Dommett, Rosie E.
name: Parker, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planets are observed to orbit the component star(s) of stellar binary systems on so-called circumprimary or circumsecondary orbits, as well as around the entire binary system on so-called circumbinary orbits. Depending on the orbital parameters of the binary system a planet will be dynamically stable if it orbits within some critical separation of the semimajor axis in the circumprimary case, or beyond some critical separation for the circumbinary case. We present N-body simulations of star-forming regions that contain populations of primordial binaries to determine the fraction of binary systems that can host stable planets at various semimajor axes, and how this fraction of stable systems evolves over time. Dynamical encounters in star-forming regions can alter the orbits of some binary systems, which can induce long-term dynamical instabilities in the planetary system and can even change the size of the habitable zone(s) of the component stars. However, the overall fraction of binaries that can host stable planetary systems is not greatly affected by either the assumed binary population, or the density of the star-forming region. Instead, the critical factor in determining how many stable planetary systems exist in the Galaxy is the stellar binary fraction - the more stars that are born as singles in stellar nurseries, the higher the fraction of stable planetary systems.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 short appendices, accepted for publication in MNRAS. A video abstract created by Helena Gibbon is available here: https://youtu.be/76kANnTK9-s
Structure and vibrational properties of methane up to 71 GPa
Creators: name: Bykov, Maxim
name: Bykova, Elena
name: Pickard, Chris J.
name: Martinez-Canales, Miguel
name: Glazyrin, Konstantin
name: Smith, Jesse S.
name: Goncharov, Alexander F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and first principles calculations have been used to identify the structure of the high-pressure (HP) phase of molecular methane above 20 GPa up to 71 GPa. The structure of HP phase is trigonal R3, which can be represented as a distortion of the cubic phase B, previously documented at 7-15 GPa and confirmed here. The positions of hydrogen atoms in HP phase have been 19 obtained from first principles calculations. The molecules occupy four different crystallographic sites in phases B and eleven sites in the HP phase, which result in splitting of molecular stretching modes detected in Raman spectroscopy and assigned here based on 22 a good agreement with the Raman spectra calculated from the first principles.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, supplemental material
Coherent curvature radiation: maximum luminosity and high-energy emission
Creators: name: Cooper, A. J.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High brightness temperature radio transients such as pulsars and fast radio bursts require the coherent radiation of particles. The antenna class of coherent radiation models require a large number of charged particles radiating in phase, therefore the particles must be spatially confined and have well-aligned velocities. Given these necessary conditions, we look at the magnetic field induced by the currents associated with coherently emitting accelerated particles and consider the interaction between the radiating particles and the induced magnetic field. We find a maximum luminosity of coherent curvature radiation that depends on source parameters such as surface magnetic field and neutron star spin period. We find that coherent radio emission across all luminosities can be explained by coherent curvature radiation and suggest it could be universally responsible for both FRBs and extreme galactic sources. Using the Crab Pulsar as an example, we constrain the emission parameters and origin of the most extreme nanoshots to within 60km of the pulsar surface assuming coherent curvature radiation. In agreement with recent observations, we also predict simultaneous X-ray emission from small-scale particle gyration due to the induced field.
description: Accepted to MNRAS Letters
Additional file 1 of Knowledge and understanding of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the National Referral Hospital in Thimphu, Bhutan: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Tamang, Saran Tenzin
name: Dorji, Thinley
name: Sonam Yoezer
name: Thinley Phuntsho
name: Dorji, Phurb
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Teaching clinical reasoning to undergraduate medical students by illness script method: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Moghadami, Mana
name: Amini, Mitra
name: Moghadami, Mohsen
name: Bhavin Dalal
name: Charlin, Bernard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Estimation of the equilibrium free energy for glasses using the Jarzynski equality
Creators: name: Vinutha, H. A.
name: Frenkel, Daan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The free energy of glasses cannot be estimated using thermodynamic integration, as glasses are intrinsically not in equilibrium. We present numerical simulations showing that, in contrast, plausible free-energy estimates of a Kob-Andersen glass can be obtained using the Jarzynski relation. Using the Jarzynski relation, we also compute the chemical potential difference of the two components of this system, and find that, in the glassy regime, the Jarzynski estimate matches well with the extrapolated value of the supercooled liquid. Our findings are of broader interest as they show that the Jarzynski method can be used under conditions where the thermodynamic integration approach, which is normally more accurate, breaks down completely. Systems where such an approach might be useful are gels and jammed, glassy structures formed by compression.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2: of Management of Inflammatory Arthritis in pregnancy: a National Cross-Sectional Survey of Canadian rheumatologists
Creators: name: Vera, Mary
name: Corisande Baldwin
name: Tsao, Nicole
name: Howren, Alyssa
name: Hazlewood, Glen
name: RebiÄ, Nevena
name: Ensworth, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Survey invitations sent via email to Canadian Rheumatology Association members (English and in French) (PDF 49 kb)
The Supernova Remnant Populations of the galaxies NGC 45, NGC 55, NGC 1313, NGC 7793: Luminosity and Excitation Functions
Creators: name: Kopsacheili, M.
name: Zezas, A.
name: Leonidaki, I.
name: Boumis, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of the Supernova Remnant (SNR) populations in the nearby galaxies NGC 45, NGC 55, NGC 1313, and NGC 7793 based on deep Ha and [S II] imaging. We find 42 candidate and 54 possible candidate SNRs based on the [S II] / Ha > 0.4 criterion, 84 of which are new identifications. We derive the Ha and the joint [S II]-Ha luminosity functions after accounting for incompleteness effects. We find that the Ha luminosity function of the overall sample is described with a skewed Gaussian with a mean equal to log(LHa / 10^(36) erg s^(-1)) = 0.07 and m(log(LHa / 10^(36) erg s^(-1)))) = 0.58. The joint [S II]-Ha function is parameterized by a skewed Gaussian along the log([S II] / 10^(36) erg s^(-1)) = 0.88 x log(LHa / 10^(36) erg s^(-1)) - 0.06 line and a truncated Gaussian with m(log(L[S II] / 10^(36))) = 0.024 and s(log(L[S II] / 10^(36))) = 0.14, on its vertical direction. We also define the excitation function as the number density of SNRs as a function of their [S II]/Ha ratios. This function is represented by a truncated Gaussian with a mean at -0.014. We find a sub-linear [S II]-Ha relation indicating lower excitation for the more luminous objects.
description: Accepted in MNRAS. 19 pages, 21 figures
Exact solutions for N-magnon scattering
Creators: name: Kalousios, Chrysostomos
name: Papathanasiou, Georgios
name: Volovich, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant magnon solutions play an important role in various aspects of the AdS/CFT correspondence. We apply the dressing method to construct an explicit formula for scattering states of an arbitrary number N of magnons on R x S^3. The solution can be written in Hirota form and in terms of determinants of N x N matrices. Such a representation may prove useful for the construction of an effective particle Hamiltonian describing magnon dynamics.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
Design and implementation of a simple systems language for microcomputers
Creators: name: Lee, Peter C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The problems of software development for microcomputers are studied through the design and implementation of a simple systems language, called E. E is a descendant of the BCPL family of systems programming languages. Differences between E and its predecessors arise from the design of E as a minimal language, and from the objective of enabling interactive tracing of E programs. A development system for E has been constructed which may operate in a microcomputer with 16K bytes of memory. As well, E programs may be developed using a cross compiler which runs on a large computer system.
title: Geostatistical Analysis for the Study of Relationships between the Emotional Responses of Urban Walkers to Urban Spaces
Creators: name: Hijazi, Ihab Hamzi
name: König, Reinhard
name: Schneider, Sven
name: Li, Xin
name: Bielik, Martin
name: Schmitt, Gerhard
name: Donath, Dirk
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geografie
subject: Architektur
subject: 000

description: The described study aims to find correlations between urban spatial configurations and human emotions. To this end, the authors measured people’s emotions while they walk along a path in an urban area using an instrument that measures skin conductance and skin temperature. The corresponding locations of the test persons were measured recorded by using a GPS-tracker (n=13). The results are interpreted and categorized as measures for positive and negative emotional arousal. To evaluate the technical and methodological process. The test results offer initial evidence that certain spaces or spatial sequences do cause positive or negative emotional arousal while others are relatively neutral. To achieve the goal of the study, the outcome was used as a basis for the study of testing correlations between people’s emotional responses and urban spatial configurations represented by Isovist properties of the urban form. By using their model the authors can explain negative emotional arousal for certain places, but they couldn’t find a model to predict emotional responses for individual spatial configurations.
Comment on "Maximum force and cosmic censorship"
Creators: name: Schiller, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite suggestions to the contrary, no counterargument to the principle of maximum force or to the equivalent principle of maximum power has yet been provided.
description: 4 pages
Eigen Microstates and Their Evolution of Global Ozone at Different Geopotential Heights
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaojie
name: Ying, Na
name: Chen, Dean
name: Zhang, Yongwen
name: Lu, Bo
name: Fan, Jingfang
name: Chen, Xiaosong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies on stratospheric ozone have attracted much attention due to its serious impacts on climate changes and its important role as a tracer of Earth's global circulation. Tropospheric ozone as a main atmospheric pollutant damages human health as well as the growth of vegetation. Yet there is still a lack of a theoretical framework to fully describe the variation of ozone. To understand ozone's spatiotemporal variance, we introduce the eigen microstate method to analyze the global ozone mass mixing ratio (OMMR) between 1979-01-01 and 2020-06-30 at 37 pressure layers. We find that eigen microstates at different geopotential heights can capture different climate phenomena and modes. Without deseasonalization, the first eigen microstates capture the seasonal effect and reveal that the phase of the intra-annual cycle moves with the geopotential heights. After deseasonalization, by contrast, the collective patterns from the overall trend, ENSO, QBO, and tropopause pressure are identified by the first few significant eigen microstates. The theoretical framework proposed here can also be applied to other complex Earth systems.
description: submitted to Chaos, and already accepted!
Schrödinger evolution of two-dimensional black holes
Creators: name: Giddings, Steven B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper systematically treats the evolving quantum state for two-dimensional black holes, with particular focus on the CGHS model, but also elucidating features generalizing to higher dimensions. This is done in Schrödinger picture(s), to exhibit the dynamic evolution of the state at intermediate times. After a review of classical solutions, also connecting to descriptions of higher-dimensional black holes, it overviews the canonical quantum treatment of the full evolution, including gravitational dynamics. Derived in an approximation to this, following conversion to "perturbation picture," is the evolution of the quantum matter on the background geometry. Features of the evolving matter state are described, based on choice of a time slicing to put the evolution into ADM form. The choices of slicing as well as coordinates on the slices result in different quantum "pictures" for treating the evolution. If such a description is based on smooth trans-horizon slices, that avoids explicit reference to ultra-planckian modes familiar from traditional treatments, and exhibits the Hawking excitations as emerging from a "quantum atmosphere" with thickness comparable to the inverse temperature. Detailed study of the state exhibits the entanglement structure between Hawking quanta and the partner excitations inside the black hole, and the corresponding "missing information." This explicit description also allows direct study of the evolution and features, e.g. as seen by infalling observers, of these partner excitations, helping to address various puzzles with them. Explicit treatment of the evolving state, and its extension to higher dimensions, provides further connections to information theory and a starting point for study of corrections that can unitarize evolution, arising from new quantum gravity effects -- whether wormholes or something entirely different.
description: 41 pages, 5 figures