cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurement and control of a mechanical oscillator at its thermal decoherence rate
Creators: name: Wilson, D. J.
name: Sudhir, V.
name: Piro, N.
name: Schilling, R.
name: Ghadimi, A.
name: Kippenberg, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In real-time quantum feedback protocols, the record of a continuous measurement is used to stabilize a desired quantum state. Recent years have seen highly successful applications in a variety of well-isolated micro-systems, including microwave photons and superconducting qubits. By contrast, the ability to stabilize the quantum state of a tangibly massive object, such as a nanomechanical oscillator, remains a difficult challenge: The main obstacle is environmental decoherence, which places stringent requirements on the timescale in which the state must be measured. Here we describe a position sensor that is capable of resolving the zero-point motion of a solid-state, nanomechanical oscillator in the timescale of its thermal decoherence, a critical requirement for preparing its ground state using feedback. The sensor is based on cavity optomechanical coupling, and realizes a measurement of the oscillator's displacement with an imprecision 40 dB below that at the standard quantum limit, while maintaining an imprecision-back-action product within a factor of 5 of the Heisenberg uncertainty limit. Using the measurement as an error signal and radiation pressure as an actuator, we demonstrate active feedback cooling (cold-damping) of the 4.3 MHz oscillator from a cryogenic bath temperature of 4.4 K to an effective value of 1.1$\pm$0.1 mK, corresponding to a mean phonon number of 5.3$\pm$0.6 (i.e., a ground state probability of 16%). Our results set a new benchmark for the performance of a linear position sensor, and signal the emergence of engineered mechanical oscillators as practical subjects for measurement-based quantum control.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures; typos corrected in main text and figure 3
Evolution of linear warps in accretion discs and applications to protoplanetary discs in binaries
Creators: name: Foucart, Francois
name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warped accretion discs are expected in many protostellar binary systems. In this paper, we study the long-term evolution of disc warp and precession for discs with dimensionless thickness $H/r$ larger than their viscosity parameter $α$, such that bending waves can propagate and dominate the warp evolution. For small warps, these discs undergo approximately rigid-body precession. We derive analytical expressions for the warp/twist profiles of the disc and the alignment timescale for a variety of models. Applying our results to circumbinary discs, we find that these discs align with the orbital plane of the binary on a timescale comparable to the global precession time of the disc, and typically much smaller than its viscous timescale. We discuss the implications of our finding for the observations of misaligned circumbinary discs (such as KH 15D) and circumbinary planetary systems (such as Kepler-413); these observed misalignments provide useful constraints on the uncertain aspects of the disc warp theory. On the other hand, we find that circumstellar discs can maintain large misalignments with respect to the plane of the binary companion over their entire lifetime. We estimate that inclination angles larger than $\sim 20^\circ$ can be maintained for typical disc parameters. Overall, our results suggest that while highly misaligned circumstellar discs in binaries are expected to be common, such misalignments should be rare for circumbinary discs. These expectations are consistent with current observations of protoplanetary discs and exoplanets in binaries, and can be tested with future observations.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by MNRAS
Take a second look at that piece of Charnwood slate: observations by a field walker
Creators: name: Ramsey, David
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Leicestershire Historian, 38, 23-25
description: A look at recent finds of slate that may add to the locations of extraction, use, sizes and sales of Charnwood slate quarried and shaped at Groby and Swithland during the last 1800 years.
Testing the Monte Carlo - Mean Field approximation in the one-band Hubbard model
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Anamitra
name: Patel, Niravkumar D.
name: Dong, Shuai
name: Johnston, Steve
name: Moreo, Adriana
name: Dagotto, Elbio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The canonical one-band Hubbard model is studied using a computational method that mixes the Monte Carlo procedure with the mean field approximation. This technique allows us to incorporate thermal fluctuations and the development of short-range magnetic order above ordering temperatures, contrary to the crude finite-temperature Hartree-Fock approximation, which incorrectly predicts a Néel temperature $T_N$ that grows linearly with the Hubbard $U/t$. The effective model studied here contains quantum and classical degrees of freedom. It thus belongs to the "spin fermion" model family widely employed in other contexts. Using exact diagonalization, supplemented by the traveling cluster approximation, for the fermionic sector, and classical Monte Carlo for the classical fields, the Hubbard $U/t$ vs. temperature $T/t$ phase diagram is studied employing large three and two dimensional clusters. We demonstrate that the method is capable of capturing the formation of local moments in the normal state without long-range order, the non-monotonicity of $T_N$ with increasing $U/t$, the development of gaps and pseudogaps in the density of states, and the two-peak structure in the specific heat. Extensive comparisons with determinant quantum Monte Carlo results suggest that the present approach is qualitatively, and often quantitatively, accurate, particularly at intermediate and high temperatures. Finally, we study the Hubbard model including plaquette diagonal hopping (i.e. the $t-t^\prime$ Hubbard model) in two dimensions and show that our approach allows us to study low temperature properties where determinant quantum Monte Carlo fails due to the fermion sign problem. Future applications of this method include multi-orbital Hubbard models such as those needed for iron-based superconductors.
Somewhat Fuzzy Completely Irresolute Mappings(The Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics).pdf
Creators: name: Balakumar, R.
name: S, Joseph
name: Swaminathan, A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10112 Topology
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Even though the notion of somewhat fuzzy continuous function and somewhat fuzzy semicontinuous function are not at all continuous functions, they have been developed by many authors considerably. In this way, the aim of this article is to introduce and investigate the concepts of somewhat fuzzy completely irresolute mapping and somewhat fuzzy completely irresolute open mapping. Moreover, some examples, compositions, few interesting relationships between those mappings are discussed.
QCD NLO and EW NLO corrections to $t\bar{t}H$ production with top quark decays at hadron collider
Creators: name: Yu, Zhang
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Ren-You, Zhang
name: Chong, Chen
name: Lei, Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higgs boson production associated with a top quark pair is an important process in studying the nature of the newly discovered Higgs boson at the LHC. In this letter, we report on our calculations including the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD and NLO electroweak corrections to the $pp\to t\bar{t}H$ process in the standard model. We present the integrated cross sections at the $14~{\rm TeV}$ LHC and even at the future proton-proton colliders with $\sqrt{s}=33$ and $100~{\rm TeV}$. Our calculation includes the top quark subsequent decays by adopting the narrow width approximation. The kinematic distributions of Higgs boson and top quark decay products at the LHC are provided. We find that the ${\cal O}(α_s^2α_{ew}^2)$ corrections are quantitatively comparable with the ${\cal O}(α_s^3α_{ew})$ corrections in some kinematic region.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The 'Battle of the Beams' and Coalville Outstation of RAF 80 Wing (Signals)
Creators: name: Havers, Maureen
name: Sheppard, Terry
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Leicestershire Historian, 49, 3-8
description: The story of the Coalville Outstation RAF 80 Wing (Signals), the unit which had occupied St Joseph's Field during WW2, a 'beambender' site.
THE EFFECTS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND ELECTRIC POLING TECHNIQUES ON POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) MATERIALS: TOWARDS FULLY THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Creators: name: Fan, Jinsheng
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401401
subject: Additive manufacturing
classificationCode: 400999
subject: Electronics, sensors and digital hardware not elsewhere classified

description: An all-additive manufacturing technique was developed to print piezoelectrically active polymeric materials, primarily poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF), for use in pressure sensors in soft robotics. The research proceeded in three stages. The initial stage used Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and electric poling independently to create piezoelectric PVdF pressure sensors. The second stage merged FDM and electric poling processes. The third stage introduced electrospinning to create flexible, high-output piezoelectric PVdF materials, which were combined with three-dimensional (3D) printed soft structures for stretchable pressure sensors. The main achievement of the research was the development of the Electric Poling-assisted Additive Manufacturing (EPAM) technique, combining electric poling and FDM 3D printing to print piezoelectric materials with custom structures at lower costs. β-phase in semicrystalline PVdF materials is mainly responsible for piezoelectricity. A higher β-phase content results in superior sensor performance. This technique was evaluated by measuring the piezoelectric output voltage of the printed PVdF films, and β-phase content was quantified using Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The developed EPAM technique was combined with Direct Ink Writing (DIW), becoming a hybrid 3D printing technique. This is the first demonstration of applying a hybrid printing technique to print piezoelectric PVdF-based sensors directly. The sensor was constructed using FDM printed PVdF film as the dielectric sandwiched between two parallel DIW printed silver electrodes. The PVdF sensors have both piezoelectric pressure sensing and capacitive temperature sensing functionalities. The application of the capacitive temperature sensor was demonstrated by applying heating-and-cooling cycles while measuring the capacitance as a function of temperature at a constant frequency, showing improved sensitivities at higher frequencies (i.e., 105 Hz) after dielectric polarization. The third stage of research was motivated by the need for soft piezoelectric pressure sensors for soft robotics. Challenges were twofold: requiring soft piezoelectric materials with high coefficients for excellent sensors and fabrication techniques to incorporate soft materials into designed structures. Inspired by the EPAM technique, a method combining electrospinning and DIW was used to create soft piezoelectric PVdF/thermal plastic polyurethane (TPU) blend microfiber-based pressure sensors. The soft sensor was integrated with an FDM printed soft structure for a stretchable pressure sensor with both piezoelectric sensing and capacitive sensing mechanisms.
Temperate exoplanets observable with Ariel : an update with new targets from TESS
Creators: name: Encrenaz, Therese
name: Coustenis, Athena
name: Edwards, Billy
name: Molaverdikhani
name: , Ollivier
name: Tinetti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Exoplanet atmospheres, infrared spectroscopy

description: In 2018 and 2022, we have published an analysis of the observability of temperate planets (with an equilibrium temperature of about 300-550 K) with ARIEL [1, 2]. This presentation is an update of this analysis which uses new targets identified in particular from the TESS database [3] and investigates their observability with ARIEL. Using the parameters of these new targets, and an atmospheric mean molecular weight of 2.3 g/mol (corresponding to a hydrogen-rich atmosphere), and using the ArielRad code [4], we give an estimate of the number of transits (T2) needed for these objects to be observed in the Tier 2 mode of the space mission, i. e. with a S/N @ 7 . The Tier 2 spectroscopic mode (R @10 for 1.1 mm < l < 1.95 mm, R = 50 for 1.95 mm < l < 3.9 mm, R @ 15 for 3.9 mm < l <7.8 mm) will allow us to infer constrains about the atmospheric composition of these targets. Preliminary results of this study are given below: Using the candidate list of Edwards and Tinetti (2022) [3], we find 22 targets with T2 < 35, observable during the lifetime of ARIEL. 7 among these targets, with a mass above 5 terrestrial masses, are presumably hydrogen-rich planets and should be observable with Ariel in the Tier 2 mode. In particular, the big Neptune TOI-3884 b, with T2 = 1, is expected to be observable also in the Tier 3 mode. 8 other targets, with a mass between 1.5 and 5 terrestrial masses, will be observable in the Tier 2 mode if they have a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. The Ariel observation will thus allow us to determine whether they are sub-Neptunes or super-Earths. A promising case is LC 98-59 c and d for which the value of T2 is low (T2 = 7 and 6 respectively). The 7 remaining candidates are exo-Earths, mostly from the TRAPPIST-1 system. Because their atmospheric mean molecular weight is expected to be as high as 18 g/mol (in the case of a H2O-rich atmosphere) or even more (in case of a CO/N2/CO2-rich atmosphere), they are not expected to be observable with Ariel in the Tier 2 mode. In the future, we plan to re-evaluate the observability of the candidates using different values of the atmospheric mean molecular weight. For the most favorable cases, we plan to calculate their synthetic spectra for different atmospheric compositions, considering also the possible effect of clouds. References : [1] Encrenaz et al., Exp. Astr. 46, 31 (2018) [2] Encrenaz et al., Exp. Astr. 53, 375 (2022). [3] Edwards, B. and Tinetti, G. Astron. J., 164, id.15, 25 pp. (2022) [4] Mugnai, L. V. et al. 2021b, Astron. J, 161, 284 (2021)
title: الاتحاد قوة: الطريق إلى اندماج القوات المسلحة للإمارات العربية المتحدة/ د. آش روسيتر.
Creators: name: روسيتر، آش.
Publisher: name: الأرشيف والمكتبة الوطنية
Year: 2015
Subjects: بريطانيا - كشافة عمان المتصالحة
القوات المسلحة - تاريخ.
الإمارات العربية المتحدة - القوات المسلحة - تاريخ - 1971-1976

- سعت الإمارات السبع لتحقيق المزيد من الاندماج بعد الاتفاق على الاتحاد السياسي، فوجود مؤسسة عسكرية وطنية بقيادة واحدة رمز قوي لسيادة الدولة؛ ولذا كان اندماج القوات المسلحة المنفصلة عام 1976 بمثابة لحظة هامة في التاريخ السياسي للإمارات العربية المتحدة. وتدين القوات المسلحة لدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة- وهي مؤسسة تشارك في عمليات متعددة عبر العالم اليوم- بالكثير للقيادة التي أبداها المجلس الأعلى للحكام عام 1976 عندما قرر دمج الموارد العسكرية.
Observation of the Leggett-Rice effect in a unitary Fermi gas
Creators: name: Trotzky, S.
name: Beattie, S.
name: Luciuk, C.
name: Smale, S.
name: Bardon, A. B.
name: Enss, T.
name: Taylor, E.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Thywissen, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe that the diffusive spin current in a strongly interacting degenerate Fermi gas of $^{40}$K precesses about the local magnetization. As predicted by Leggett and Rice, precession is observed both in the Ramsey phase of a spin-echo sequence, and in the nonlinearity of the magnetization decay. At unitarity, we measure a Leggett-Rice parameter $γ= 1.08(9)$ and a bare transverse spin diffusivity $D_0^\perp = 2.3(4)\,\hbar/m$ for a normal-state gas initialized with full polarization and at one fifth of the Fermi temperature, where $m$ is the atomic mass. One might expect $γ= 0$ at unitarity, where two-body scattering is purely dissipative. We observe $γ\rightarrow 0$ as temperature is increased towards the Fermi temperature, consistent with calculations that show the degenerate Fermi sea restores a non-zero $γ$. Tuning the scattering length $a$, we find that a sign change in $γ$ occurs in the range $0 < (k_F a)^{-1} \lesssim 1.3$, where $k_F$ is the Fermi momentum. We discuss how $γ$ reveals the effective interaction strength of the gas, such that the sign change in $γ$ indicates a switching of branch, between a repulsive and an attractive Fermi gas.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures; Changed to the more conventional kF=(3 pi^2 n)^1/3, instead of the polarized definition we used in v1
Turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting gaseous admixtures
Creators: name: Elperin, Tov
name: Kleeorin, Nathan
name: Liberman, Michael
name: Rogachevskii, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting gaseous admixtures in a developed turbulence. In our previous study [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 80}, 69 (1998)] using a path-integral approach for a delta-correlated in time random velocity field, we demonstrated a strong modification of turbulent transport in fluid flows with chemical reactions or phase transitions. In the present study we use the spectral tau approximation, that is valid for large Reynolds and Peclet numbers, and show that turbulent diffusion of the reacting species can be strongly depleted by a large factor that is the ratio of turbulent and chemical times (turbulent Damköhler number). We have demonstrated that the derived theoretical dependence of turbulent diffusion coefficient versus the turbulent Damköhler number is in a good agreement with that obtained previously in the numerical modelling of a reactive front propagating in a turbulent flow and described by the Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov-Fisher equation. We have found that turbulent cross-effects, e.g., turbulent mutual diffusion of gaseous admixtures and turbulent Dufour-effect of the chemically reacting gaseous admixtures, are less sensitive to the values of stoichiometric coefficients. The mechanisms of the turbulent cross-effects are different from the molecular cross effects known in irreversible thermodynamics. In a fully developed turbulence and at large Peclet numbers the turbulent cross-effects are much larger than the molecular ones. The obtained results are applicable also to heterogeneous phase transitions.
description: 10 pages, 1 figures, REVTEX4-1, revised version
Jeans analysis in modified gravity
Creators: name: Roshan, Mahmood
name: Abbassi, Shahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MOdified Gravity (MOG) is a covariant modification of Einstein's general relativity. This theory is one of the current alternatives to dark matter models. We describe dynamics of collisionless self-gravitating systems in the context of MOG. By studying the weak field approximation of this theory, we derive the equations governing the dynamics of the self-gravitating systems. More specifically, we consider the Jeans instability for self-gravitating fluid and stellar systems, and derive new Jeans mass limit $\tilde{M}_J$ and wave-number $\tilde{k}_J$. Furthermore, considering the gravitational instability in star forming regions, we show that MOG has not a significant difference with general relativity on this astrophysical scale. However, at larger scales such as intergalactic space MOG may lead to different galaxy and structure formation processes.
Technical documentation for the hybrid 100-m global land cover dataset with Local Climate Zones for WRF
Creators: name: Demuzere, Matthias
name: He, Cenlin
name: Martilli, Alberto
name: Zonato, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model
Local Climate Zones
WPS Preprocessing
MODIS Land Cover
Copernicus Global Land Service Land Cover

description: This technical documentation describes the development of a hybrid 100-m global land cover dataset and its implementation in the state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4.5. This hybrid CGLC-MODIS-LCZ dataset is based on 1) the Copernicus Global Land Service Land Cover (CGLC) product resampled to MODIS IGBP classes (CGLC-MODIS), and 2) the global map of Local Climate Zones (LCZ) that describes the heterogeneous urban land surface. Both the CGLC and LCZ products are available at a 100-m spatial resolution, are representative for the year 2018, and cover -180°W to 180°E and -60°S to 78°N. Remaining areas are filled with the MODIS land cover classes. This dataset has been implemented into the WRF Preprocessing System (WPS) as tiled binary data files with a new GEOGRID table entry to allow WRF/WPS users to flexibly use this dataset in their studies particularly relevant for urban modeling applications. The corresponding dataset can be found at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7670653.
Production Cross Section of Neutron-Rich Calcium Isotopes in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Zhang, Donghong
name: Xie, Wenjie
name: Su, Jun
name: Zhang, Fengshou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model along with the GEMINI model, heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies are studied. We calculate the production cross sections of different fragments for reactions of 112Sn+112Sn and 124Sn+124Sn at different beam energies. The species and production cross sections of neutron-rich isotopes are generally dependent on the isospin of the system and the incident energies. The nucleon 48Ca and 54Ca are more productive for the neutron-rich system at 30 to 150 MeV/nucleon.
description: 11 pages,5 figures
title: Composite spatial manipulation framework for redirected walking
Creators: name: Alsaeedi, Nassr
name: Zündorf, Albert
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: virtual reality
subject: redirected walking
subject: composite redirected walking controller
subject: discrete spatial manipulation framework
subject: continuous spatial manipulation framework
subject: eyeblink
subject: dynamic discreet translation gain
subject: 004
subject: Virtuelle Realität
subject: Simulation
subject: Immersion
subject: Fortbewegung
subject: Manipulation
subject: Kognition

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
FQHE on curved backgrounds, free fields and large N
Creators: name: Ferrari, Frank
name: Klevtsov, Semyon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the free energy of the Laughlin state on curved backgrounds, starting from the free field representation. A simple argument, based on the computation of the gravitational effective action from the transformation properties of Green functions under the change of the metric, allows to compute the first three terms of the expansion in large magnetic field. The leading and subleading contributions are given by the Aubin-Yau and Mabuchi functionals respectively, whereas the Liouville action appears at next-to-next-to-leading order. We also derive a path integral representation for the remainder terms. They correspond to a large mass expansion for a related interacting scalar field theory and are thus given by local polynomials in curvature invariants.
description: 14 pages; v3: conformal spin rescaled, minor changes
Fermi-Boltzmann statistics of neutrinos and relativistic effective degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Iizuka, Jun
name: Kitabayashi, Teruyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of the presence of non-pure fermionic neutrinos on the relativistic effective degrees of freedom in the early universe. The statistics of neutrinos is transformed continuously from Fermi-Dirac to Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. We find that the relativistic degrees of freedom decreases with the deviation from pure Fermi-Dirac statistics of neutrinos if there are constant and large lepton asymmetries. Additionally, we confirm that the change of the statistics of neutrinos from Fermi-Dirac to Maxwell-Boltzmann is not sufficient to cover the excess of the effective number of neutrinos.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in Modern Physics Letters A
Why I-Love-Q
Creators: name: Yagi, Kent
name: Stein, Leo C.
name: Pappas, George
name: Yunes, Nicolas
name: Apostolatos, Theocharis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes are said to have no hair because all of their multipole moments can be expressed in terms of just their mass, charge and spin angular momentum. The recent discovery of approximately equation-of-state-independent relations among certain multipole moments in neutron stars suggests that they are also approximately bald. We here explore the yet unknown origin for this universality. First, we investigate which region of the neutron star's interior and of the equation of state is most responsible for the universality. We find that the universal relation between the moment of inertia and the quadrupole moment is dominated by the star's outer-core, a shell of width (50-95)% of the total radius, which corresponds to the density range $(10^{14}$-$10^{15})$g/cm$^3$. Second, we study the impact on the universality of approximating stellar isodensity contours as self-similar ellipsoids. An analytical calculation in the Newtonian limit reveals that the shape of the ellipsoids does not affect the universal relations, but relaxing the self-similarity assumption can completely destroy it. Third, we investigate the eccentricity profiles of rotating relativistic stars and find that the ellipticity is roughly constant, with variations of roughly (20-30)% in the region that matters to the universal relations. Fourth, we repeat the above analysis for non-compact, regular stars and find that the ellipticity is not constant, with variations that easily exceed 100% and universality is lost. These findings suggest that universality arises as an emergent approximate symmetry: as one flows in the stellar-structure phase space from non-compact star region to the relativistic star region, the eccentricity variation inside stars decreases, leading to approximate self-similarity in their isodensity contours, which then leads to the universal behavior observed in their exterior multipole moments.
description: 23 pages, 22 figures; matches version appearing in PRD
High-Speed Driving of a Two-Level System
Creators: name: Hegerfeldt, Gerhard C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A remarkably simple result is found for the optimal protocol of drivings for a general two-level Hamiltonian which transports a given initial state to a given final state in minimal time. If one of the three possible drivings is unconstrained in strength the problem is analytically completely solvable. A surprise arises for a class of states when one driving is bounded by a constant $c$ and the other drivings are constant. Then, for large $c$, the optimal driving is of type bang-off-bang and for increasing $c$ one recovers the unconstrained result. However, for smaller $c$ the optimal driving can suddenly switch to bang-bang type. It is also shown that for general states one may have a multistep protocol. The present paper explicitly proves and considerably extends the author's results contained in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 111}, 260501 (2013).
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected
Simulations of an offshore wind farm using large eddy simulation and a torque-controlled actuator disc model
Creators: name: Creech, Angus
name: Früh, Wolf-Gerrit
name: Maguire, A. Eoghan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76-04, 76F65, 76F25, 76G25, 86A10

description: We present here a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of Lillgrund offshore wind farm, which is located in the Oresund Strait between Sweden and Denmark. The simulation combines a dynamic representation of wind turbines embedded within a Large-Eddy Simulation CFD solver, and uses hr-adaptive meshing to increase or decrease mesh resolution where required. This allows the resolution of both large scale flow structures around the wind farm, and local flow conditions at individual turbines; consequently, the response of each turbine to local conditions can be modelled, as well as the resulting evolution of the turbine wakes. This paper provides a detailed description of the turbine model which simulates interactions between the wind, turbine rotors, and turbine generators by calculating the forces on the rotor, the body forces on the air, and instantaneous power output. This model was used to investigate a selection of key wind speeds and directions, investigating cases where a row of turbines would be aligned with the wind or at specific angles to the wind. Results shown include presentations of the spin-up of turbines, the observation of eddies moving through the turbine array, meandering turbine wakes, and an extensive wind farm wake several kilometres in length. The key measurement available for cross-validation with operational wind farm data is the power output from the individual turbines, where the effect of unsteady turbine wakes on the performance of downstream turbines was a point of interest. The results from simulations were compared to performance measurements from the real wind farm to provide a firm quantitative validation of this methodology. Having achieved good agreement between the model and actual wind farm measurements, the potential of the methodology to provide a tool for further investigations of engineering and atmospheric science problems is outlined.
description: 48 pages, 36 figures
World Rice Study: A Software Package for Analyzing International Trade
Creators: name: Moriak, Theo. F.
name: Strickland, Roger P.
name: Grant, Warren R.
name: Moriak, Theo. F.
name: Strickland, Roger P.
name: Grant, Warren R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Rice
subject: international trade
subject: linear programming

description: A software package for analyzing international trade in rice on a continuing basis is explained. The report serves as background information for a world rice model developed to trace the impact that changes in world conditions and policies have on U.S. rice program costs and prices. Researchers can use the software package as a base for studying other commodities.
description: This report is part of an informal effort between the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, University of Arkansas; Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University; and the Economic Research Service (ERS), U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Rare radiative charm decays in and beyond the standard model
Creators: name: Adolph, Nico
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rare charm decays
subject: Radiative decays
subject: Beyond standard model physics
subject: SU(3)_F relations
subject: 530

description: This thesis comprises a study of rare radiative |Δc| = |Δu| = 1 transitions within and beyond the standard model of particle physics. For the 18 three-body decays D → P1 P2 ɣ with 𝑃 = π, K decay amplitudes are derived using Low’s theorem, QCD factorization and heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory. Standard model predictions for branching ratios, CP asymmetries as well as forward-backward asymmetries are determined. Moreover, the effects of new physics in the coefficients of the electromagnetic dipole operators are investigated respecting the current constraints. The photon polarization in Ds→ K1(→ Kπ π) ɣ decays is studied with respect to new physics effects in the dipole coefficients. Within the standard model, the polarization parameter agrees with the SM- like partner decay 𝐷+ → 𝐾1 (→ 𝐾π π)) ɣ up to U-spin breaking corrections. The existence of partner decays allows to construct a null test which does not require precise knowledge of the hadronic K1 → Kπ π decay. Finally, different ways to test the standard model with rare radiative decays of charm baryons are discussed. Based on the approximate SU(3)𝐹 symmetry of QCD as well as its subgroups, relations between partner decays are worked out. Branching ratios, CP asymmetries as well as the photon polarizations are considered as observables and the potential of new physics effects is estimated. Methods for the extraction of the photon polarization from two-body decays Bc → B ɣ of polarized charm baryons as well as from decay chains Bc → B(→ B′ 𝑃 ) ɣ with self-analyzing hyperons 𝐵 are presented.
Zentrallinien-NMR an stark quadrupolar gestörten Kernen in molekularen und ionischen Kristallen
Creators: name: Beerwerth, Joachim
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: NMR
subject: Festkörper NMR
subject: Quadrupolkerne
subject: Dynamik in Festkörpern
subject: 530
subject: Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie
subject: Quadrupol

description: Dynamische Prozesse in molekularen und ionischen Kristallen werden mithilfe der Zentrallinien-NMR an den stark quadrupolar gestörten Kernen 11B und 17O untersucht. Dazu werden 11B-Relaxationszeiten in Orthocarboran gemessen und diese bezüglich der Moleküldynamik interpretiert. In Natriumnitrat wird der Dreiplatzsprung des planaren Nitrations mittels 17O-NMR untersucht. Diese Dynamik wird mit NMR-Spektren, stimulierte Echos und Relaxationszeiten untersucht. Mithilfe von Simulationen können aus gemessenen Spektren Sprungraten bestimmt werden. Ein 17O Hochtemperaturspektrum von Natriumnitrat wird mithilfe gemittelter Tensoren beschrieben. Die Reorientierungsdynamik in Natriumnitrat weist eine Aktivierungsenergie von EA = 0,38 eV auf. Als Beispiel für einen Tetraedersprung wird Kaliumpermanganat mithilfe der 17O-NMR untersucht. Hier wird mithilfe von stimulierten Echos eine Aktivierungsenergie von EA = 0,35 eV für die Sprünge der Sauerstoffatome bestimmt. Auch für Kaliumpermanganat werden die Relaxationszeiten gemessen und bezüglich der Reorientierungsdynamik interpretiert.
description: Dynamic processes in molecular and ionic crystals are investigated using central line NMR on the strongly quadrupolar perturebed nuclei 11B and 17O. For this purpose, 11B relaxation times are measured in orthocarborane and interpreted in terms of molecular dynamics. In sodium nitrate, the three side jump of the planar nitrate group is studied by 17O NMR. The dynamics of the ion are investigated by NMR spectra, stimulated echoes and relaxation times. Combining the results from simulations with measured spectra, jump rates are determined. A 17O high temperature spectrum of sodium nitrate is described using averaged tensors. The reorientational dynamics in sodium nitrate has an activation energy of EA = 0.38 eV. As an example for a tetrahedral jump, potassium permanganate is studied using 17O NMR. Here, with the aid of stimulated echoes, an activation energy of EA = 0.35 eV is determined for the jumps of oxygen atoms. The relaxation times are also measured for potassium permanganate and interpreted with respect to the reorientational dynamics.
Very Large-Scale Singular Value Decomposition Using Tensor Train Networks
Creators: name: Lee, Namgil
name: Cichocki, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A18, 65F15, 65F30

description: We propose new algorithms for singular value decomposition (SVD) of very large-scale matrices based on a low-rank tensor approximation technique called the tensor train (TT) format. The proposed algorithms can compute several dominant singular values and corresponding singular vectors for large-scale structured matrices given in a TT format. The computational complexity of the proposed methods scales logarithmically with the matrix size under the assumption that both the matrix and the singular vectors admit low-rank TT decompositions. The proposed methods, which are called the alternating least squares for SVD (ALS-SVD) and modified alternating least squares for SVD (MALS-SVD), compute the left and right singular vectors approximately through block TT decompositions. The very large-scale optimization problem is reduced to sequential small-scale optimization problems, and each core tensor of the block TT decompositions can be updated by applying any standard optimization methods. The optimal ranks of the block TT decompositions are determined adaptively during iteration process, so that we can achieve high approximation accuracy. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted for several types of TT-structured matrices such as Hilbert matrix, Toeplitz matrix, random matrix with prescribed singular values, and tridiagonal matrix. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods compared with standard SVD algorithms and TT-based algorithms developed for symmetric eigenvalue decomposition.
Measurement of the ionization yield of nuclear recoils in liquid argon at 80 and 233 keV
Creators: name: Bondar, A.
name: Buzulutskov, A.
name: Dolgov, A.
name: Grishnyaev, E.
name: Polosatkin, S.
name: Shekhtman, L.
name: Shemyakina, E.
name: Sokolov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy calibration of nuclear recoil detectors is of primary importance to rare-event experiments such as those of direct dark matter search and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. In particular, such a calibration is performed by measuring the ionization yield of nuclear recoils in liquid Ar and Xe detection media, using neutron elastic scattering off nuclei. In the present work, the ionization yield for nuclear recoils in liquid Ar has for the first time been measured in the higher energy range, at 80 and 233 keV, using a two-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector (CRAD) and DD neutron generator. The ionization yield in liquid Ar at an electric field of 2.3 kV/cm amounted to 7.8+/-1.1 and 9.7+/-1.3 e-/keV at 80 and 233 keV respectively. The Jaffe model for nuclear recoil-induced ionization, in contrast to that Thomas-Imel, can probably consistently describe the energy dependence of the ionization yield.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Fig. 6 changed. Submitted to EPL
Development of a tiered analytical method for forensic investigation of mixed lubricating oil samples
Creators: name: Chua, Candice C.
name: Kwok, Honoria
name: Yan, Jeffrey
name: Cuthbertson, Daniel
name: van Aggelen, Graham
name: Brunswick, Pamela
name: Shang, Dayue
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Oil spill forensic investigations are often challenging due to many confounding variables such as sample weathering, oil composition complexities, and the quality or quantity of collected materials, but the difficulty is further compounded when dealing with mixed oils. In this case, well-established oil fingerprinting techniques become inadequate, including gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) diagnostic ratio analysis. In dealing with mixtures of highly refined lubricating (lube) oils, GC/FID analysis often yields inconclusive results, while diagnostic ratio analysis can be compromised by missing or low response biomarker compounds. The present study explored the feasibility of addressing the challenges of mixed lube oil analysis through a multi-tiered analytical approach. This analysis supplemented traditional GC/FID and GC/MS diagnostic ratio analyses with multivariate statistics to rapidly screen large data sets. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) proved to be effective and intuitive qualitative methods for visualizing, differentiating, and characterizing four highly similar lube oil mixtures. Non-linear mixing patterns that were significant in the diagnostic ratio analysis were far less evident through LDA. Overall, these findings lay the groundwork for promising future study involving multivariate statistical approaches to complex mixed oil forensic cases.
The multi-mode quantum Entropy Power Inequality
Creators: name: De Palma, Giacomo
name: Mari, Andrea
name: Lloyd, Seth
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum version of a fundamental entropic data-processing inequality is presented. It establishes a lower bound for the entropy that can be generated in the output channels of a scattering process, which involves a collection of independent input bosonic modes (e.g., the modes of the electromagnetic field). The impact of this inequality in quantum information theory is potentially large and some relevant implications are considered in this work.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
The Cradocks of Belgrave Hall, and an inheritance wrangle
Creators: name: Statham, Erica
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Leicestershire Historian, 51, 25-28
description: Belgrave Hall, after its acquisition by Leicester Borough Council in 1936 and conversion into a museum, the Hall and it sgardens still retained their air of mystery and intrigue, due in part to their unusual design and development.
Quark stars under strong magnetic fields
Creators: name: Chu, Peng-Cheng
name: Chen, Lie-Wen
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the confined isospin- and density-dependent mass model, we study the properties of strange quark matter (SQM) and quark stars (QSs) under strong magnetic fields. The equation of state of SQM under a constant magnetic field is obtained self-consistently and the pressure perpendicular to the magnetic field is shown to be larger than that parallel to the magnetic field, implying that the properties of magnetized QSs generally depend on both the strength and the orientation of the magnetic fields distributed inside the stars. Using a density-dependent magnetic field profile which is introduced to mimic the magnetic field strength distribution in a star, we study the properties of static spherical QSs by assuming two extreme cases for the magnetic field orientation in the stars, i.e., the radial orientation in which the local magnetic fields are along the radial direction and the transverse orientation in which the local magnetic fields are randomly oriented but perpendicular to the radial direction. Our results indicate that including the magnetic fields with radial (transverse) orientation can significantly decrease (increase) the maximum mass of QSs, demonstrating the importance of the magnetic field orientation inside the magnetized compact stars.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Discussions added. Accepted version to appear in PRD
Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating
Creators: name: Buscema, Michele
name: Groenendijk, Dirk J.
name: Steele, Gary A.
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photovoltaic effect is one of the fundamental light-matter interactions in light energy harvesting. In conventional photovoltaic solar cells, the photogenerated charge carriers are extracted by the built-in electric field of a PN junction, typically defined by ionic dopants in a semiconductor. In atomically thin semiconductors, the doping level can be controlled by the field-effect without need of implanting dopants in the lattice, which makes 2D semiconductors prospective materials to implement electrically tunable PN junctions. However, most 2D semiconducting materials do not show ambipolar P-type and N-type field-effect transport, necessary to realize PN junctions. Few-layer black phosphorus is a recently isolated 2D semiconductor that presents a direct bandgap, high mobility, current on/off ratio and ambipolar operation. Here, we fabricate few-layer black phosphorus (b-P) field-effect transistors with split bottom gates and crystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) dielectric. We demonstrate electrostatic control of the local charge carrier type and density above each gate in the device, tuning its electrical behaviour from metallic to rectifying. Illuminating a gate-defined PN junction, we observe zero-bias photocurrents and significant open-circuit voltage, which we attribute to the separation of electron-hole pairs driven by the internal electric field at the junction region. Due to the small bandgap of the material, we observe photocurrents and photovoltages for illumination wavelengths up to 940 nm, attractive for energy harvesting applications in the near-infrared region
description: includes main text (5 figures) and supporting information (9 figures)
On the UV structure of quantum unimodular gravity
Creators: name: Saltas, Ippocratis D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a well known result that any formulation of unimodular gravity is classically equivalent to General Relativity (GR), however a debate exists in the literature about this equivalence at the quantum level. In this work, we investigate the UV quantum structure of a diffeomorphism invariant formulation of unimodular gravity using functional renormalisation group methods in a Wilsonian context. We show that the effective action of the unimodular theory acquires essentially the same form with that of GR in the UV, as well as that both theories share similar UV completions within the framework of the asymptotic safety scenario for quantum gravity. Furthermore, we find that in this context the unimodular theory can appear to be non--predictive due to an increasing number of relevant couplings at high energies, and explain how this unwanted feature is in the end avoided.
description: 11 pages plus Appendix; Some clarifying comments added, results unchanged; Version to appear in Physical Review D