cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observables in Neutrino Mass Spectroscopy Using Atoms
Creators: name: Dinh, D. N.
name: Petcov, S. T.
name: Sasao, N.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Yoshimura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of collective de-excitation of atoms in a metastable level into emission mode of a single photon plus a neutrino pair, called radiative emission of neutrino pair (RENP), is sensitive to the absolute neutrino mass scale, to the neutrino mass hierarchy and to the nature (Dirac or Majorana) of massive neutrinos. We investigate how the indicated neutrino mass and mixing observables can be determined from the measurement of the corresponding continuous photon spectrum taking the example of a transition between specific levels of the Yb atom. The possibility of determining the nature of massive neutrinos and, if neutrinos are Majorana fermions, of obtaining information about the Majorana phases in the neutrino mixing matrix, is analyzed in the cases of normal hierarchical, inverted hierarchical and quasi-degenerate types of neutrino mass spectrum. We find, in particular, that the sensitivity to the nature of massive neutrinos depends critically on the atomic level energy difference relevant in the RENP.
description: Typos corrected, a reference added; Version to be published in Physics Letters B
Fermi Surfaces and Analytic Green's Functions from Conformal Gravity
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Liu, Hai-Shan
name: Lu, H.
name: Wang, Zhao-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct T^2-symmetric charged AdS black holes in conformal gravity. The most general solution up to an overall conformal factor contains three non-trivial parameters: the mass, electric charge and a quantity that can be identified as the massive spin-2 hair. We study the Dirac equation for the charged massless spinor in this background. The equation can be solved in terms of the general Heun's function for generic frequency ωand wave number k. This allows us to obtain the analytic Green's function G(ω, k) for both extremal and non-extremal black holes. For some special choice of back hole parameters, we find that the Green's function reduces to simpler hypergeometric or confluent hypergeometric functions. We study the Fermi surfaces associated with the poles of the Green's function with vanishing ω. We find examples where the Fermi surfaces for non-Fermi liquids as well as the characteristic Fermi ones can arise. We illustrate the non-trivial differences in the Green's function and Fermi surfaces between the extremal and non-extremal black holes.
description: 46 pages, 13 figures, typoes corrected and references added. Further discussions on the AdS/CFT correspondence in conformal gravity and the infrared contribution to the Green's function in extremal and non-extremal charged black holes were added
Non-equilibrium Wilson loops in N=4 SYM
Creators: name: Keranen, Ville
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider rectangular Wilson loops in certain non-equilibrium quantum states in N=4 SYM at weak coupling, prepared with a quantum quench. We find that in the ladder approximation, the Bethe-Salpeter equation can be reduced to solving a massive 1+1 dimensional wave-equation with a leaking boundary condition leading to a quasinormal behavior analogous to what is found in studying dynamics of fields in black hole backrounds. Furthermore, we find that the Wilson loops with size L approach a thermal form after time T=L/2. The thermal form found in the current paper follows from the particular initial state chosen.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures. Parts of the text rewritten. Section 5 has been expanded. Agrees with the published version
Memristive properties of single-molecule magnets
Creators: name: Timm, Carsten
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-molecule magnets weakly coupled to two ferromagnetic leads act as memory devices in electronic circuits---their response depends on history, not just on the instantaneous applied voltage. We show that magnetic anisotropy introduces a wide separation of timescales between fast and slow relaxation processes in the system, which leads to a pronounced memory dependence in a wide intermediate time regime. We study the response to a harmonically varying bias voltage from slow to rapid driving within a master-equation approach. The system is not purely memristive but shows a partially capacitive response on short timescales. In the intermediate time regime the molecular spin can be used as the state variable in a two-terminal molecular memory device.
description: 12+ pages, 12 figures
Making Local Political Participation Structures Accessible To Migrants
Creators: name: Gunella, Chiara
name: Orero, Pilar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Local PArticipation Structures, Accessibility, Migrants, Inclusive Policy Making, Inclusion, Diversity

description: This paper examines the topic of making local political participation structures accessible to migrants. It explores the importance of ensuring that migrants have opportunities to engage in local political processes and focuses on strategies to enhance their access to these structures. The paper likely discusses the barriers and challenges that migrants face when attempting to participate politically at the local level and explores ways to overcome these obstacles. Eu Project: Migrant Integration Through Locally Designed Experiences. The MILE project is supported by the EU’s AMIF Action Grant
 (AMIF-2020-AG-CALL-03)
description: Co-funded under the European Union's Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF-2020-AG-CALL-03)
title: A critique of A Curriculum for Excellence through the works of Paulo Freire
Creators: name: Bogle, Steven
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2021

description: This dissertation provides a critical evaluation of the philosophies of education and a critique of A Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) as the national curriculum in Scotland, coupled with analysis of the works of Brazilian educationalist Paulo Freire with the aim of demonstrating a correlation between his works and the philosophical rationale of CfE. CfE is frequently cited as difficult to implement due to a lack of clearly established theoretical and philosophical principles, thus becoming ineffective in achieving its reported aims. However, this paper will assert that it is not the absence of educational philosophy that hinders CfE, but rather the fact that elements of the competing philosophies present within Curriculum guidance enable the employment of multiple focal points during implementation. This results in conflicting models of curriculum developing, and when this occurs, entrenched practice dominates, thus negating CfE’s initial stated desire to bring about radical change in Scotland’s national curriculum. It follows that providing a strong philosophical grounding from which the Curriculum model can develop and that reflects the principles within the original aims and purpose of CfE is key to addressing this conflict in implementation. By means of a review of the various philosophies of education, to identify their inherent principles; an analysis of A Curriculum for Excellence and the supporting Building the Curriculum series, as well as educational policy; and a systematic evaluation of the works of Paulo Freire, this dissertation aims to suggest that the principles central to Freire may provide the necessary theoretical grounding for CfE to refocus towards its original aims and purpose.
Can R-parity violation hide vanilla supersymmetry at the LHC?
Creators: name: Asano, Masaki
name: Rolbiecki, Krzysztof
name: Sakurai, Kazuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current experimental constraints on a large parameter space in supersymmetric models rely on the large missing energy signature. This is usually provided by the lightest neutralino which stability is ensured by the R-parity. However, if the R-parity is violated, the lightest neutralino decays into the standard model particles and the missing energy cut is not efficient anymore. In particular, the UDD type R-parity violation induces the neutralino decay to three quarks which potentially leads to the most difficult signal to be searched at hadron colliders. In this paper, we study the constraints on the R-parity violating supersymmetric model using a same-sign dilepton and a multijet signatures. We show that the gluino and squarks lighter than a TeV are already excluded in constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violation if their masses are approximately equal. We also analyze constraints in a simplified model with R-parity violation. We compare how R-parity violation changes some of the observables typically used to distinguish a supersymmetric signal from standard model backgrounds.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Technological And Compositional Characterization Of Red Polished Ware From The Bronze Age Kouris Valley
Creators: name: Davit, P.
name: Turco, F.
name: Coluccia, S.
name: Operti, L.
name: Chelazzi, F.
name: Bombardieri, L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Ceramic
SEM-EDX
XRPD
Surface Finish
Firing Technology

description: In order to perform a physico-chemical multitechnique characterization, 26 fragments of Red Polished ware from the archaeological survey in the Kouris river valley (Limassol district, Cyprus) have been analyzed. Despite the gloss-like macroscopic aspect of the potsherd surfaces, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) morphological observation re-vealed traces of mechanical polishing on the surfaces and the lack of a slip. Energy Dis-persive X-ray (EDX) elemental analyses in both scan and map modes confirmed the ab-sence of differentiation between body and surface composition. Chemometric evaluation on EDX bodies data showed a lack of sub-classification. Mineralogical patterns, obtained by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis revealed great variability among samples and the presence of amphiboles in 14 sherds, whose identification as horneblende and riebeckite was confirmed by petrographic examination. The unusual presence of these minerals in a ceramic ware fits with the Kouris valley geology, in agreement with tradi-tional models of local raw materials exploitation for protohistoric societies. XRPD data, together with SEM images evaluation, pointed to firing temperatures ranging from 800 to 1050°C, suggesting the use of kilns instead of open fires or pits; on the other hand the colour heterogeneity testified to limited control of the kiln atmosphere.
original data
Creators: name: Gao, Shanshan
name: Wang, Mei
name: zhou, yue
name: liu, Rongchang
name: Li, Xue
name: Chen, Chunli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Traditional Chinese medicine and treatments

description: Context：As an indigenous herb in China, the bulb of E. sibiricum is picked for its great medical value for development. However, a limited number of studies have explored its potential pharmacological action. Objective: To investigate and compare the mechanisms of two Erythronium sibiricum bulb polysaccharides fractions (E1P and ESBP) in alleviating airway remodeling based on autophagy and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. Materials and methods: First, E1P and ESBP were extracted by enzyme-assisted extraction and hot water decoction, respectively. Then, the anti-asthmatic effects of E1P and ESBP were explored in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced chronic asthma. The histological structure of the lung was observed by hematoxylin–eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining. The activity of the Pi3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was detected. The expression levels of the apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins (Cleaved-caspase 3, Beclin1, LC3B, Bad and Bax), were measured by Western blot. Results: E1P and ESBP could relieve airway remodeling by improving asthma symptoms and pulmonary pathological state and reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells. ESBP could inhibit the activity of the Pi3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by reversing the increase in Pi3k, Akt, and mTOR levels, whereas E1P could only inhibit the increase in Pi3K. In addition, ESBP reduced the protein expression levels of Cleaved-caspase 3, Beclin1, LC3B, Bad and Bax. Conclusions: E. sibiricum bulb polysaccharides effectively ameliorated the airway remodeling of asthma via the modulation of autophagy- and apoptosis-related signaling pathways, and ESBP exhibited more comprehensive inhibition effects on autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins in the asthma model than E1P.
Nonequilibrium quench dynamics in quantum quasicrystals
Creators: name: Igloi, Ferenc
name: Roosz, Gergo
name: Lin, Yu-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a quasiperiodic quantum Ising chain after a sudden change in the strength of the transverse field at zero temperature. In particular we consider the dynamics of the entanglement entropy and the relaxation of the magnetization. The entanglement entropy increases with time as a power-law, and the magnetization is found to exhibit stretched-exponential relaxation. These behaviors are explained in terms of anomalously diffusing quasiparticles, which are studied in a wave packet approach. The nonequilibrium magnetization is shown to have a dynamical phase transition.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures; revised version; to appear in New Journal of Physics
Scrutinizing the Higgs Signal and Background in the $2e2μ$ Golden Channel
Creators: name: Chen, Yi
name: Tran, Nhan
name: Vega-Morales, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinematic distributions in the decays of the newly discovered resonance to four leptons are a powerful test of the tensor structure of its couplings to electroweak gauge bosons. We present an analytic calculation for both signal and background of the fully differential cross section for the `Golden Channel' $e^+e^-μ^+μ^-$ final state. We include all interference effects between intermediate gauge bosons and allow them to be on- or off-shell. For the signal we compute the fully differential cross section for general scalar couplings to $ZZ$, $γγ$, and $Zγ$. For the background we compute the leading order fully differential cross section for the dominant contribution coming from $q\bar{q}$ annihilation into $Z$ and $γ$ gauge bosons, including the contribution from the resonant $Z\rightarrow 2e2μ$ process. We also present singly and doubly differential projections and study the interference effects on the differential spectra. These expressions can be used in a variety of ways to uncover the nature of the newly discovered resonance or any new scalars decaying to neutral gauge bosons which might be discovered in the future.
description: References added
LongiSeg Model
Creators: name: Masson, Arthur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Task301_NoPMaps_FlipAxis1_IDA Trained with 2 Flair images of 72 patients from OFSEP, Emisep and Music datasets (but not the 3 OFSEP patients with the largest number of lesions). No pmaps (the model was not given the cross-sectionnal segmentations nor pmaps). The mirror data augmentation only applied on axis 1. The lesion intensity based data augmentation was used.
Spherical subcategories in algebraic geometry
Creators: name: Hochenegger, Andreas
name: Kalck, Martin
name: Ploog, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E30 (Primary), 14F05 (Secondary)

description: We study objects in triangulated categories which have a two-dimensional graded endomorphism algebra. Given such an object, we show that there is a unique maximal triangulated subcategory, in which the object is spherical. This general result is then applied to algebraic geometry.
description: 21 pages. Identical to published version. There is a separate article with examples from representation theory, see arXiv:1502.06838
Proton/Pion ratios in Δϕwith respect to a jet in sqrt{s_{NN}} =200 GeV Au+Au collisions at STAR
Creators: name: Dávila, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive Proton/pion ratios show an enhancement at intermediate transverse momentum (P_{T} ~ 1.5 - 4.0 GeV/c) in central sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions compared to peripheral Au+Au and p+p collisions. This effect suggests a production mechanism, different from fragmentation, which is consistent with coalescence and recombination models. A high E_{T} trigger particle selects a surface-biased jet, which is measured to have a similar p_{T} distribution as a p+p jet. This jet is used to enhance the quenching effects of the recoiling, medium traversing one. We reconstruct the trigger jet using the FASTJET algorithm, with a E_{T} (p_{T}) cut of 3.0 GeV(/c) on the towers(tracks) in order to reduce the heavy-ion collision background. The particle identification of tracks with p_{T} up to ~ 2.8 GeV/c is obtained by taking advantage of STAR TOF and TPC detectors with full azimuth coverage. Correlations in Δϕbetween jets and identified hadrons are presented, and the particle ratios in different regions of azimuth are measured. Particle ratios associated with the trigger jet vs. the recoil jet, and comparisons to inclusive particle ratios can help to distinguish between jet-related (vacuum and medium-modified) and bulk-related contributions to the ratios enhancement.
description: Improved figure markers and corrected some typos
Direct Search of Dark Matter in High-Scale Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Hisano, Junji
name: Ishiwata, Koji
name: Nagata, Natsumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study direct detection of dark matter in supersymmetric (SUSY) model where most of SUSY particles have very high-scale masses beyond the weak scale. In the scenario, Wino-like or Higgsino-like neutralino is a good candidate for the dark matter in the universe. The neutralino scatters off nuclei by a Higgs-boson exchange diagram and also electroweak loop diagrams. It is found that the elastic-scattering cross section with nuclei is enhanced or suppressed due to constructive or deconstructive interference among the diagrams. Such a cross section is within the reach of future experiment in some parameter region.
description: 28 pages, 15 figures; published version
Natural Islands for a 125 GeV Higgs in the scale-invariant NMSSM
Creators: name: Agashe, Kaustubh
name: Cui, Yanou
name: Franceschini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study whether a 125 GeV standard model-like Higgs boson can be accommodated within the scale-invariant NMSSM in a way that is natural in all respects, i.e., not only is the stop mass and hence its loop contribution to Higgs mass of natural size, but we do not allow significant tuning of NMSSM parameters as well. We pursue as much as possible an analytic approach which gives clear insights on various ways to accommodate such a Higgs mass, while conducting complementary numerical analyses. We consider both scenarios with singlet-like state being heavier and lighter than SM-like Higgs. With A-terms being small, we find for the NMSSM to be perturbative up to GUT scale, it is not possible to get 125 GeV Higgs mass, which is true even if we tune parameters of NMSSM. If we allow some of the couplings to become non-perturbative below the GUT scale, then the non-tuned option implies that the singlet self-coupling, kappa, is larger than the singlet-Higgs coupling, lambda, which itself is order 1. This leads to a Landau pole for these couplings close to the weak scale, in particular below ~10^4 TeV. In both the perturbative and non-perturbative NMSSM, allowing large A_lambda, A_kappa gives "more room" to accommodate a 125 GeV Higgs, but a tuning of these A-terms may be needed. In our analysis we also conduct a careful study of the constraints on the parameter space from requiring global stability of the desired vacuum fitting a 125 GeV Higgs, which is complementary to existing literature. In particular, as the singlet-Higgs coupling lambda increases, vacuum stability becomes more serious of an issue.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, references added, minor corrections to text and figures, version to be published in JHEP
ECSA's Characteristics of Citizen Science: Explanation Notes
Creators: name: Haklay, Muki
name: Motion, Alice
name: Balázs, Bálint
name: Kieslinger, Barbara
name: Greshake Tzovaras, Bastian
name: Nold, Christian
name: Dörler, Daniel
name: Fraisl, Dilek
name: Riemenschneider, Dorte
name: Heigl, Florian
name: Brounéus, Frederik
name: Hager, Gerid
name: Wagenknecht, Katherin
name: Heuer, Katja
name: Vohland, Katrin
name: Shanley, Lea
name: Deveaux, Lionel
name: Ceccaroni, Luigi
name: Weißpflug, Maike
name: Gold, Margaret
name: Mazzonetto, Marzia
name: Mačiulienė, Monika
name: Woods, Sasha
name: Hecker, Susanne
name: Schaefer, Teresa
name: Woods, Tim
name: Wehn, Uta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: citizen science

description: This explanation document provides an interpretation of and explanation for the characteristics document, which was kept short to make it useful to different stakeholders. In this document, the characteristics document is represented, with the original text in blue and an explanation in black. The research article describing this work 'Contours of citizen science: a vignette study' can be found in the Royal Society Open Science journal at https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202108.
description: The characteristics working group included Muki Haklay, Alice Motion, Bálint Balázs, Barbara Kieslinger, Bastian Greshake Tzovaras, Christian Nold, Daniel Dörler, Dilek Fraisl, Dorte Riemenschneider, Florian Heigl, Fredrik Brounéus, Gerid Hager, Katja Heuer, Katherin Wagenknecht, Katrin Vohland, Lea Shanley, Lionel Deveaux, Luigi Ceccaroni, Maike Weisspflug,, Margaret Gold, Marzia Mazzonetto, Monika Mačiulienė, Sasha Woods, Soledad Luna, Susanne Hecker, Teresa Schaefer, Tim Woods and Uta Wehn. The development of these characteristics was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 824580, project EU-CiƟzen.Science (The Platform for Sharing, Initiating, and Learning Citizen Science in Europe), the ERC Advanced Grant project European Citizen Science: Analysis and Visualisation (under Grant Agreement No 694767). Thanks to the Bettencourt Schueller Foundation long term partnership ,this work was partly supported by CRI Research Fellowships to Muki Haklay, Alice Motion, and Bastian Greshake Tzovaras.
The Critical Current Density in Polycrystalline HTS and LTS Superconductors in High Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Sunwong, P.
name: Higgins, J. S.
name: Tsui, Y.
name: Raine, M. J.
name: Hampshire, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flux pinning scaling laws were developed to explain the observed increase in the critical current density Jc caused by increased density of grain boundaries in polycrystalline low temperature superconductors (LTS) such as Nb3Sn. For four decades they have provided the framework for the successful development of the LTS materials that carry high Jc in high magnetic fields. However, the discovery of the weak-link problem suggested that transmission of supercurrent flow through the grain boundaries limited Jc in high temperature superconductors (HTS) such as YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO). Here we provide evidence that a single mechanism - flux flow along grain boundaries - confirmed by time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) computational visualisation in LTS materials, explains the functional form of Jc in polycrystalline LTS Nb3Sn and HTS YBCO and (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Can-1CunOx (BiSCCO) materials in low and high magnetic fields. Data presented show that standard flux pinning theory cannot explain comprehensive Jc data for YBCO because Jc is a function of strain but the superconducting properties are not. We conclude that grain boundaries are narrow and metallic in Nb3Sn and YBCO but wide and semiconducting in BiSCCO. Strain alters Jc by changing the superconducting properties of the grains in Nb3Sn but by changing the grain boundaries in YBCO
description: The paper has been withdrawn following revised publication in SuST
Die "Aktion T4" und die Frage des kirchlichen Protests
Creators: name: Wittmann, Luisa
Publisher: name: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
Year: 2019

description: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre, Bd. 46: (2018/2019): Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
Promoting Migrant Inclusion and Diversity in Decision Making
Creators: name: Kašperová, Eva
name: Monder Ram
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Migrant Inclusion, Diversity, Decision Making, Mile project

description: This paper focuses on promoting migrant inclusion and diversity in decision-making processes. It examines the importance of creating inclusive spaces where migrants can actively participate and contribute to the decision-making process. The paper likely discusses the benefits of diverse perspectives and experiences that migrants bring to the table, emphasising the need for their representation in decision-making bodies Eu Project: Migrant Integration Through Locally Designed Experiences. The MILE project is supported by the EU’s AMIF Action Grant
 (AMIF-2020-AG-CALL-03)
description: Co-funded under the European Union's Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF-2020-AG-CALL-03)
Optimal Hardy Weight for Second-Order Elliptic Operator: An Answer to a Problem of Agmon
Creators: name: Devyver, B.
name: Fraas, M.
name: Pinchover, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B09 (Primary) 35J08, 35J20, 35P05 (Secondary)

description: For a general subcritical second-order elliptic operator $P$ in a domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ (or noncompact manifold), we construct Hardy-weight $W$ which is optimal in the following sense. The operator $P - λW$ is subcritical in $Ω$ for all $λ< 1$, null-critical in $Ω$ for $λ= 1$, and supercritical near any neighborhood of infinity in $Ω$ for any $λ> 1$. Moreover, if $P$ is symmetric and $W>0$, then the spectrum and the essential spectrum of $W^{-1}P$ are equal to $[1,\infty)$, and the corresponding Agmon metric is complete. Our method is based on the theory of positive solutions and applies to both symmetric and nonsymmetric operators. The constructed Hardy-weight is given by an explicit simple formula involving two distinct positive solutions of the equation $Pu=0$, the existence of which depends on the subcriticality of $P$ in $Ω$.
description: A counterexample to Conjecture 13.8
Forward dihadron correlations in the Gaussian approximation of JIMWLK
Creators: name: Lappi, Tuomas
name: Mäntysaari, Heikki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute forward dihadron azimuthal correlations in deuteron-gold collisions using a Gaussian approximation for the quadrupole operator. The double parton scattering contribution is found to be part of our dihadron calculation. We obtain a good description of the PHENIX data for the azimuthal-angle dependent away side peak and a relatively good estimate for the pedestal contribution.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, talk given at the 5th international Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2012), May 27th - June 1st, Caglirai (Italy). v2: new reference, fixed typos
Zwischen Verdrängen und Vergessen
Creators: name: Schwarz, Franziska
Publisher: name: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
Year: 2019

description: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre, Bd. 46: (2018/2019): Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
A skew-duoidal Eckmann-Hilton argument and quantum categories
Creators: name: Lack, Stephen
name: Street, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10, 18D05, 16T15, 17B37, 20G42, 81R50

description: A general result relating skew monoidal structures and monads is proved. This is applied to quantum categories and bialgebroids. Ordinary categories are monads in the bicategory whose morphisms are spans between sets. Quantum categories were originally defined as monoidal comonads on endomorphism objects in a particular monoidal bicategory M. Then they were shown also to be skew monoidal structures (with an appropriate unit) on objects in M. Now we see in what kind of M quantum categories are merely monads.
description: 14 pages, dedicated to George Janelidze on the occasion of his 60th birthday; v2 final version, 15 pages, to appear in Applied Categorical Structures
title: Unterrichtsqualität aus der Sicht von externen Raterinnen und Ratern – Analysen zum Reihenfolgeeffekt
title: Teaching quality from the perspective of external raters—Analyses of the order effect
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Igler, Jennifer
name: Ohle-Peters, Annika
name: McElvany, Nele
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Videorating
subject: Beurteilungsfehler
subject: Unterrichtsqualität
subject: Reihenfolgeeffekt
subject: Unterrichtsforschung
subject: Order effect
subject: Rater bias
subject: Research on teaching quality
subject: Teaching quality
subject: Video rating
subject: 370

description: Unterrichtsqualität wird häufig über Urteile von Externen erfasst. Mit Blick auf die Güte dieser Urteile stellt sich die Frage, ob diese aufgrund von Darbietungsmodalitäten sowie individuellen Faktoren systematisch verzerrt sein können. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden daher der Einfluss der Reihenfolge von Unterrichtsvideos mit unterschiedlichen Qualitätsniveaus sowie von individuellen Faktoren wie Vorerfahrung und mentaler Zustand (Müdigkeit) auf Unterschiede in den Urteilen und Interaktionen untersucht. Hierfür wurden N = 69 Studierende zu drei Versuchsgruppen zugeordnet, die zwei zehnminütige Videos in variierender Reihenfolge der Qualitätsniveaus präsentiert bekamen: Gruppe A (niedrig/mittel), B (mittel/hoch) und C (hoch/mittel). Die Analysen zeigten Unterschiede in den mittleren Ratings aufgrund der Reihenfolge sowie der Vorerfahrung und der Müdigkeit. Überdies wurden Interaktionen zwischen der experimentellen Bedingung und der Müdigkeit identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse wiesen auf Verzerrungen der Urteile von Externen hin, besonders im Bereich Motivierung. Konsequenzen für die Interpretation und Durchführung von videogestützten Unterrichtsqualitätsstudien werden diskutiert.
description: Ratings of external observers are often used for measuring instructional quality. These ratings can be influenced by the order of presentation and individual characteristics such as observers’ experience and mental state (tiredness). The present study examined the influence of the presentation order of videos with varying levels of teaching quality and of individual factors such as previous experience and mental state (tiredness) on differences in observer ratings and interactions. Therefore, N = 69 students were assigned to three experimental groups. In each group, two videos of ten minutes length were presented in varying order of teaching quality: group A (low/medium), B (medium/high), and C (high/medium). Analyses showed significant differences in the ratings, depending on the sequential order, the observers’ experience, and observers’ tiredness. An interaction was found between experimental condition and observers’ tiredness. Results suggest a bias of external judgements, especially concerning motivational quality. Consequences for interpretation and implementation of video-based studies measuring teaching quality are discussed.
description: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft;25(6)
From responsibility to reason-giving explainable artificial intelligence
Creators: name: Baum, Kevin
name: Mantel, Susanne
name: Schmidt, Eva
name: Speith, Timo
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Explainable artificial intelligence
subject: Reasons
subject: Reason explanations
subject: Moral responsibility
subject: Responsibility gap
subject: Decision support systems
subject: 100

description: We argue that explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), specifically reason-giving XAI, often constitutes the most suitable way of ensuring that someone can properly be held responsible for decisions that are based on the outputs of artificial intelligent (AI) systems. We first show that, to close moral responsibility gaps (Matthias 2004), often a human in the loop is needed who is directly responsible for particular AI-supported decisions. Second, we appeal to the epistemic condition on moral responsibility to argue that, in order to be responsible for her decision, the human in the loop has to have an explanation available of the system’s recommendation. Reason explanations are especially well-suited to this end, and we examine whether—and how—it might be possible to make such explanations fit with AI systems. We support our claims by focusing on a case of disagreement between human in the loop and AI system.
description: Philosophy & technology;35(1)
Zwischen Verdrängen und Vergessen...
Creators: name: Ehmann, Johannes
Publisher: name: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
Year: 2019

description: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre, Bd. 46: (2018/2019): Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
The Critical Current Density of an SNS Josephson-Junction
Creators: name: Carty, George J.
name: Hampshire, Damian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical current density (Jc) through a superconductor in high magnetic fields is controlled by the inclusions and microstructure of the material that hold fluxons stationary to keep the resistance zero and is described using Ginzburg-Landau (G-L) theory. Although the functional form of Jc for superconducting-normal-superconducting (SNS) Josephson-Junctions (J-Js) is known in the low field limit, includes the local properties of the junctions and has been confirmed experimentally in many systems, there are no general solutions for Jc of J-Js in high fields. Scaling laws describe the functional form (magnetic field, temperature and strain dependence) of Jc for polycrystalline superconductors in high fields but do not include local grain boundary properties. They are derived by considering isolated pinning sites where at criticality fluxons either depin or free fluxons shear past pinned fluxons as part of the flux line lattice. However, visualisation of solutions to the Time Dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equations for polycrystalline materials have shown that fluxons cross the superconductor by flowing along the grain boundaries. Here we derive clean- and dirty- limit analytic equations for of SNS J-Js in high fields and verify them using computational solutions to TDGL theory. We consider SNS J-Js to be the basic building blocks for grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials since they provide flux-flow channels. The J-Js description provides a mathematical framework that includes the utility of scaling laws together with our microscopic understanding of barriers to supercurrent flow and helps identify the grain boundary engineering that can improve in low temperature polycrystalline superconductors used in high magnetic field applications.
description: This paper has been withdrawn following revised publication in SuST
Ökonomisierung als Herausforderung für das Ethos der Diakonie
Creators: name: Herwig, Alexander
Publisher: name: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
Year: 2019

description: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre, Bd. 46: (2018/2019): Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
Measurement of inelastic, single- and double-diffraction cross sections in proton-proton collisions at the LHC with ALICE
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of cross sections of inelastic and diffractive processes in proton--proton collisions at LHC energies were carried out with the ALICE detector. The fractions of diffractive processes in inelastic collisions were determined from a study of gaps in charged particle pseudorapidity distributions: for single diffraction (diffractive mass $M_X < 200$ GeV/$c^2$) $σ_{\rm SD}/σ_{\rm INEL} = 0.21 \pm 0.03, 0.20^{+0.07}_{-0.08}$, and $0.20^{+0.04}_{-0.07}$, respectively at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 0.9, 2.76$, and 7~TeV; for double diffraction (for a pseudorapidity gap $Δη> 3$) $σ_{\rm DD}/σ_{\rm INEL} = 0.11 \pm 0.03, 0.12 \pm 0.05$, and $0.12^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$, respectively at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9, 2.76$, and 7~TeV. To measure the inelastic cross section, beam properties were determined with van der Meer scans, and, using a simulation of diffraction adjusted to data, the following values were obtained: $σ_{\rm INEL} = 62.8^{+2.4}_{-4.0} (model) \pm 1.2 (lumi)$ mb at $\sqrt{s} =$ 2.76~TeV and $73.2^{+2.0}_{-4.6} (model) \pm 2.6 (lumi)$ mb at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7~TeV. The single- and double-diffractive cross sections were calculated combining relative rates of diffraction with inelastic cross sections. The results are compared to previous measurements at proton--antiproton and proton--proton colliders at lower energies, to measurements by other experiments at the LHC, and to theoretical models.
description: 28 pages, 11 captioned figures, 8 tables, authors from page 23, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/2834
„Fundraising und NPOs in Korea
Creators: name: Schweizer, Dorothea
Publisher: name: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
Year: 2019

description: DWI-Jahrbuch – Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre, Bd. 46: (2018/2019): Diakoniewissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre
The detection of an older population in the Magellanic Bridge
Creators: name: Bagheri, Gemma
name: Cioni, Maria-Rosa
name: Napiwotzki, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Magellanic system comprises the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and the less frequently observed Magellanic Bridge and Magellanic Stream. The Bridge is traced by neutral gas and has an observed stellar component, while the Stream consists of gas only, with no observed stellar counterpart to date. This study uses catalogues created in the direction of the Bridge from 2MASS and WISE to investigate the stellar content of the Magellanic Bridge. Catalogues were created and colour-magnitude and two colour diagrams were analysed. A study was also carried out on removing the Galactic foreground population in the direction of the Magellanic Bridge, which was an important consideration due to the low stellar density within the Bridge. This study finds that the Magellanic Bridge contains a candidate older stellar population in addition to the younger population already known. The formation of the Magellanic Bridge is likely to have occurred from a tidal event between the LMC and SMC drawing most of the material into it from the SMC. An older population in the Bridge indicates that a stellar content was drawn in during its formation together with a gas component.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures, accepted by A&A on 17th Jan 2013
Functional Wigner representation of BEC quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Opanchuk, Bogdan
name: Drummond, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method of simulating the full quantum field dynamics of multi-mode multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates in a trap. We use the truncated Wigner representation to obtain a probabilistic theory that can be sampled. This method produces c-number stochastic equations which may be solved using conventional stochastic methods. The technique is valid for large mode occupation numbers. We give a detailed derivation of methods of functional Wigner representation appropriate for quantum fields. Our approach describes spatial evolution of spinor components and properly accounts for nonlinear losses. Such techniques are applicable to calculating the leading quantum corrections, including effects like quantum squeezing, entanglement, EPR correlations and interactions with engineered nonlinear reservoirs. By using a consistent expansion in the inverse density, we are able to explain an inconsistency in the nonlinear loss equations found by earlier authors.
A Non-Riemannian Metric on Space-Time Emergent From Scalar Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Kar, Arnab
name: Rajeev, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the two-point function σ(x,x')=\sqrt{} of a scalar quantum field theory is a metric (i.e., a symmetric positive function satisfying the triangle inequality) on space-time (with imaginary time). It is very different from the Euclidean metric |x-x'| at large distances, yet agrees with it at short distances. For example, space-time has finite diameter which is not universal. The Lipschitz equivalence class of the metric is independent of the cutoff. σ(x,x') is not the length of the geodesic in any Riemannian metric. Nevertheless, it is possible to embed space-time in a higher dimensional space so that σ(x,x') is the length of the geodesic in the ambient space. σ(x,x') should be useful in constructing the continuum limit of quantum field theory with fundamental scalar particles.
title: From Donatello to Michelangelo: A Franciscan Angel
Creators: name: Bruce, Kayla M.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: During the Italian Renaissance, images of angels and of the Virgin Mary were incredibly commonplace and were often used to denote the Virgin in her role as prophetess. The Virgin was often shown surrounded by angels in the background or flanking her on either side. However, in the fifteenth century, a motif appeared where an angel head was depicted on either the Virgin’s diadem or on her chest as a decorative brooch. This specific motif only appeared in images of the Virgin and the Christ Child. It was also only employed by Florentine artists and began with the Florentine sculptor, Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, better known as Donatello. It branched out to his circle of followers and Florentine artists including the painter, architect, and sculptor Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, famously referred to as simply, Michelangelo. This thesis will argue that this specific use of the angel heads was meant to reflect Franciscan doctrine, the Franciscan’s special devotion to the Virgin, and the Order’s history combined with early Christian theology. The identification of these angel heads as Franciscan in origin will also establish the under acknowledged role of the Franciscan Order within the life and work of Michelangelo.
Particle acceleration and non-thermal emission during the V407 Cygni nova outburst
Creators: name: Martin, Pierrick
name: Dubus, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On March 2010, the symbiotic binary V407 Cyg erupted as a result of a nova explosion. The event gave rise to a two-week long burst of >100MeV gamma-rays detected by Fermi/LAT, a unique observation testifying to particle acceleration in the system. The outburst can be considered a scaled-down supernova, with short dynamical time scale, and thus can constitute a test case for theories of the origin of galactic cosmic rays. We aim at determining the properties of the accelerated particles and identifying the origin of the high-energy radiation. We developed a model for diffusive shock acceleration and non-thermal emission in V407 Cyg, complemented by an evaluation of the thermal emission from the shocked plasma. We considered both leptonic and hadronic contributions to the non-thermal processes, and investigated the effect of many binary and nova parameters. The gamma-ray emission is mostly of leptonic origin and arises predominantly from inverse-Compton scattering of the nova light. Upscattering of the red giant photons is a minor contribution. Matching the light curve requires gas accumulation in the vicinity of the white dwarf, as a consequence of wind accretion, while the spectrum imposes particle scattering close to the Bohm limit in the upstream equipartition magnetic field. The nova accelerated protons (respectively electrons) with energies up to ~300GeV (respectively ~20GeV), for a total non-thermal energy 10^43 erg after two weeks, representing ~10% of the initial nova kinetic energy. The electron-to-proton ratio at injection is 6%. The V407 Cyg eruption can be understood from the same principles that are invoked for particle acceleration in supernova remnants, although without the need for strong magnetic field amplification. The population of novae in symbiotic systems is a negligible source of Galactic cosmic rays, and most likely not a class of TeV-emitters.
description: 19 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Revised version includes clarifications suggested by the referee of the journal, plus a new part on the radio emission aspects