The Effects of Allium Cepa Linn (Red Onion Juice) Extract on Aluminum Chloride (Alcl3) Induced Testicular Toxicity And Renal Toxicity On Male Adult Wistar Rats
Creators: name: Augustus Uchenna UGWU
name: Demian Nnabuihe EZEJINDU
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Aluminum Chloride, Testicular Toxicity, Allium Cepa Linn, Renal Toxicity, Fertility.

description: Abstract: Considerable discussion has arisen over the perilous ramifications of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on human health. However, it remains uncertain if the toxicity is associated with vital organs such as testes and kidneys. The aim of this study is to investigate the harmful effects of AlCl3 on testicles and renal tissues, as well as to evaluate the protective role of Allium cepa Linn (AcL) extract over the toxic effects of AlCl3 on these organs.A total of sixteen adult Wistar rats, weighing between 200 and 240 grams, were placed into four groups, each consisting of four animals. As the control, Group A was provided with standard rat chows and water. Group B got a treatment of 200 mg/kg body weight of AcL extract exclusively, while group C received a treatment of 90 mg/kg body weight of AlCl3 alone. Group D, on the other hand, received a co-treatment consisting of 90 mg/kg body weight of AlCl3 combined with 200 mg/kg body weight of AcL extract. Each therapy was administered orally on a daily basis for a duration of 21 days. Animals were anesthetized using chloroform vapor and then dissected twenty-four hours following the last treatment. The testicular and renal tissues were collected, measured, and preserved in a 10% formal saline solution for further histological examination. Serum preparation was conducted by collecting blood by eye puncture in order to facilitate histochemical tests. In group C, there was a substantial drop (p<0.05) in the body and testicular weights of the Wistar rats. Additionally, there was a statistically significant rise (p<0.05) in kidney weights compared to the control group. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was seen in the body and organ weights of groups B and D, which was comparable to that of the control group. The study found that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in motility of sperm, typical sperm morphology, and serum levels of ICSH and testosterone between groups B and C. However, there was a significant difference (p > 0.05) in total sperm count and Pus cells between group B and group D, which was similar to the control. The amounts of urea and creatinine were not substantially higher (p > 0.05) in group C compared to the control, group B, and group D. Histological examination demonstrated that subsequent to the application of AlCl3, there was a notable modification in the typical structures of the testes and kidneys. This alteration encompassed significant tissue degeneration, pronounced apoptosis of germinal cells in the testes, and a concentrated accumulation of inflammatory cells resulting from extensive regeneration of renal tissue. Furthermore, the injection of Acl juice extract resulted in a modest restoration of testicular and renal tissue architectures. The study's findings indicate that the treatment of AlCl3 resulted in testicular and renal toxicity, leading to impaired reproductive and renal functions. Conversely, the administration of Allium cepa linn (AcL) extract mitigated the toxicity, therefore safeguarding and improving the testicular and renal structures. The findings of this research indicate that the extract derived from Allium cepa Linn (AcL) has therapeutic characteristics in mitigating the toxicity generated by aluminum chloride (AlCl3).