cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal control with stochastic PDE constraints and uncertain controls
Creators: name: Rosseel, Eveline
name: Wells, Garth N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 49N45, 60H35, 65C30, 65K10, 93E20

description: The optimal control of problems that are constrained by partial differential equations with uncertainties and with uncertain controls is addressed. The Lagrangian that defines the problem is postulated in terms of stochastic functions, with the control function possibly decomposed into an unknown deterministic component and a known zero-mean stochastic component. The extra freedom provided by the stochastic dimension in defining cost functionals is explored, demonstrating the scope for controlling statistical aspects of the system response. One-shot stochastic finite element methods are used to find approximate solutions to control problems. It is shown that applying the stochastic collocation finite element to the formulated problem leads to a coupling between stochastic collocation points when a deterministic optimal control is considered or when moments are included in the cost functional, thereby obviating the primary advantage of the collocation method over the stochastic Galerkin method for the considered problem. The application of the presented methods is demonstrated through a number of numerical examples. The presented framework is sufficiently general to also consider a class of inverse problems, and numerical examples of this type are also presented.
Роль і статус учителя в українському суспільстві  у наративах Степана Сірополка
Creators: name: Дольнікова, Любов
name: Мукан, Наталія
name: Кузан, Галина
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Степан Сірополко, історія освіти, Україна, учительська професія, шкільництво, розвиток освіти, роль і статус вчителя у суспільстві

description: Стаття присвячена аналізу ролі і статусу вчителя в різні періоди розвитку української системи освіти на основі аналізу фундаментальної праці «Історія освіти в Україні» С. Сірополка, яка охоплює період від часу до хрещення України-Русі і до радянських часів. У статті презентовано аналіз, що охоплює період до ХVII ст. й основну увагу акцентовано на трактуванні устрою шкіл і вчителя як головного учасника в освітньому процесі усіх часів. Авторами проведено детальний аналіз правового і матеріального статусу учителя, що подані в розділах «Історії освіти в Україні». З’ясовано, що у стародавніх слов’ян школа була тією інституцією, яка брала на себе піклування про виховання молоді, навчала її досвіду життя, а найбільше значення відводилося родині. Добі Київської Русі характерне використання праці учителів, що були діючими священники, представниками грецького та болгарського народів, які  навчали вони дітей слов’янською мовою. Прикметним є те, що С. Сірополко наголошує на безоплатності та доступності стародавньої школи в Київській Русі, в якій могли навчатися як діти заможних людей, так і міщан та селян. Наголошується на престижності учительської професії, високій оплаті князів і боярів, повазі у суспільстві. Під час боротьби українського народу проти литовських князів занепадає розвиток освіти, до учительства потрапляють неблагонадійні, непорядні люди. С. Сірополко зазначає, що литовська і польська шляхта всіма способами намагалась призупинити розвиток українського шкільництва, що успішно робила через поганого вчителя, низьку оплату його праці тощо. Престижність учительської праці відновлюється у XV-XVI ст. в період становлення та розвитку Острозької академії, Львівського Успенського братства. У статті представлено аналіз ролі і статусу вчителя у цих закладах, зокрема, і в братських школах цього періоду загалом. Зроблено висновки про фундаментальний характер праці «Історія освіти в Україні» С. Сірополка, що відображає розвиток шкільництва та вчительської професії. Визначено перспективи подальшого наукових пошуків.
Dedication to Emperor Constantine by Domitius Latronianus, corrector provinciae Siciliae
Creators: name: Prag, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sicily
subject: epigraphy
subject: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300138808
subject: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462492

description: TEI EpiDoc record
On the stability of scalar-vacuum space-times
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Zhidenko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of static, spherically symmetric solutions to the Einstein equations with a scalar field as the source. We describe a general methodology of studying small radial perturbations of scalar-vacuum configurations with arbitrary potentials V(ϕ), and in particular space-times with throats (including wormholes), which are possible if the scalar is phantom. At such a throat, the effective potential for perturbations V_eff has a positive pole (a potential wall) that prevents a complete perturbation analysis. We show that, generically, (i) V_eff has precisely the form required for regularization by the known S-deformation method, and (ii) a solution with the regularized potential leads to regular scalar field and metric perturbations of the initial configuration. The well-known conformal mappings make these results also applicable to scalar-tensor and f(R) theories of gravity. As a particular example, we prove the instability of all static solutions with both normal and phantom scalars and V(ϕ) = 0 under spherical perturbations. We thus confirm the previous results on the unstable nature of anti-Fisher wormholes and Fisher's singular solution and prove the instability of other branches of these solutions including the anti-Fisher "cold black holes".
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. A few comments and references added. Final version accepted at EPJC
Consistency of the mass variation formula for black holes accreting cosmological fluids
Creators: name: Guariento, Daniel C.
name: Horvath, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the spherical accretion of generic fluids onto black holes. We show that, if the black hole metric satisfies certain conditions, in the presence of a test fluid it is possible to derive a fully relativistic prescription for the black hole mass variation. Although the resulting equation may seem obvious due to a form of it appearing as a step in the derivation of the Schwarzschild metric, this geometrical argument is necessary to fix the added degree of freedom one gets for allowing the mass to vary with time. This result has applications on cosmological accretion models and provides a derivation from first principles to serve as a base to the accretion equations already in use in the literature.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Gen. Rel. Grav
Data set from the different scenarios developed in TransportPLAN
Creators: name: Abid, Hamza
name: Strunge Kany, Mikkel
name: Vad Mathiesen, Brian
name: Nielsen, Steffen
name: Elle, Morten
name: Næss, Petter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: As part of work package 2 of the sEEnergies project, transport data has been collected for 28 European countries. This includes transport activity demand data, transport specific energy consumptions, load factors and capacity for different modes of transport.
 The major source of data are the European National Travel Surveys. The data is categorized based on distance bands for each mode, both for passenger and freight. This is done for all EU-28 countries in a bottom up manner. The data is then combined together via weighted average to calculate the overall EU-28 transport activity and transport energy demand for the reference year (2017). A baseline is created following the same transport growth rates as used in the European PRIMES model. On top of the baseline, along with the results from Deliverable 2.1, calculations are performed to estimate the demand reductions and modal shifts based on energy efficient urban spatial and infrastructure development for the future.These energy efficiency practices are then combined with four energy efficiency transport technology scenarios for the future.
Phylogenomic analysis of the transcriptome of spruce (genus Picea)
Creators: name: Albouyeh, Rokneddin M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Trees are sessile and exposed to a plethora of pests throughout their life-span and natural history. Diversification of the specialized (secondary) metabolism is known as a key factor in the co-evolution of trees with pests. This work focuses on tissue-related gene expression, and the expression of specialized pathways of phenolics and terpenoids in relation to the evolution of biochemical defenses in the coniferous species of spruce (genus Picea). Gene expression resources were assessed for the superimposition of tissue-related expression and cross-species expression profiling. Five species of spruce, P. abies, P. glauca, P. jezoensis, P. omorika, and P. mariana, were used to infer the evolution of gene expression among representative spruce species. As gene expression also depends upon tissue, I examined three sources of tissue: needles, outer stem (bark and the attached phloem) and xylem. The overall expression of phenolics was significantly diverged in the outer stem. At the gene family level, expression was predominantly stabile among species. Significant among-species divergence of gene expression, indicative of diversifying selection, was found for eight gene families. These families were: cinnamate 4- hydroxylases (C4H), dirigent-like proteins (DIR), glycosyl transferases (GLYTR), laccases (LAC), O-methyl transferases (OMT), phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PAL), putative caffeoyl CoA O-methyl transferases (pCCoAOMT) and putative phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductases (pPCBER). Analysis of the expression of the terpenoid pathways in the outer stem revealed that for terpene synthase gene family (TPS), expression is significantly diverged among species. In a novel approach, heritability of gene expression using parent-offspring regression was inferred for Interior spruce (P. glauca x engelmannii), and average expression for TPS genes showed substantial heritability.
Correlation Length and Unusual Corrections to the Entanglement Entropy
Creators: name: Ercolessi, Elisa
name: Evangelisti, Stefano
name: Franchini, Fabio
name: Ravanini, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically the corrections to the leading terms in the Renyi entropy of a massive lattice theory, showing significant deviations from naive expectations. In particular, we show that finite size and finite mass effects give rise to different contributions (with different exponents) and thus violate a simple scaling argument. In the specific, we look at the entanglement entropy of a bipartite XYZ spin-1/2 chain in its ground state. When the system is divided into two semi-infinite half-chains, we have an analytical expression of the Renyi entropy as a function of a single mass parameter. In the scaling limit, we show that the entropy as a function of the correlation length formally coincides with that of a bulk Ising model. This should be compared with the fact that, at criticality, the model is described by a c=1 Conformal Field Theory and the corrections to the entropy due to finite size effects show exponents depending on the compactification radius of the theory. We will argue that there is no contradiction between these statements. If the lattice spacing is retained finite, the relation between the mass parameter and the correlation length generates new subleading terms in the entropy, whose form is path-dependent in phase-space and whose interpretation within a field theory is not available yet. These contributions arise as a consequence of the existence of stable bound states and are thus a distinctive feature of truly interacting theories, such as the XYZ chain.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures; Updated published version, with revised introduction
Living with the "enemy": An analysis of foreign investment in the Japanese equity market
Creators: name: Hamao, Yasushi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper studies the impact of foreign investment on domestic financial markets. It examines the empirical validity of some protectionist claims used by regulators to restrict foreign investment. These people argue that 1) trading by foreign investors tends to increase market volatility more than trading by domestic investors, 2) foreign investors have sophisticated investment technology to which domestic investors do not have access so that domestic investors tend to "lose" to foreign investors, and 3) foreign investors tend to be short term investors whose investments are mostly driven by expectation of short-term gains rather than long-term fundamentals such as corporate dividend growth. We find there is no evidence supporting these claims from the Japanese experience. To the contrary, we find that foreign investors tend to be long-term contrarian players in the market and their presence helps to improve liquidity in the Japanese market. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that international free flow of equity capital is beneficial to domestic markets.
The WTO: What Next?
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics
International relations

description: This is the text of the 1994 Wincott Lecture, delivered on 25th October 1994 in London. It has been slightly revised in light of the subsequent APEC meeting in Jakarta and the ratification of The Uruguay Round by the US Congress.
A nonlinear equation for ionic diffusion in a strong binary electrolyte
Creators: name: Ghosal, Sandip
name: Chen, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76R50, 60J60

description: The problem of the one dimensional electro-diffusion of ions in a strong binary electrolyte is considered. In such a system the solute dissociates completely into two species of ions with unlike charges. The mathematical description consists of a diffusion equation for each species augmented by transport due to a self consistent electrostatic field determined by the Poisson equation. This mathematical framework also describes other important problems in physics such as electron and hole diffusion across semi-conductor junctions and the diffusion of ions in plasmas. If concentrations do not vary appreciably over distances of the order of the Debye length, the Poisson equation can be replaced by the condition of local charge neutrality first introduced by Planck. It can then be shown that both species diffuse at the same rate with a common diffusivity that is intermediate between that of the slow and fast species (ambipolar diffusion). Here we derive a more general theory by exploiting the ratio of Debye length to a characteristic length scale as a small asymptotic parameter. It is shown that the concentration of either species may be described by a nonlinear integro-differential equation which replaces the classical linear equation for ambipolar diffusion but reduces to it in the appropriate limit. Through numerical integration of the full set of equations it is shown that this nonlinear equation provides a better approximation to the exact solution than the linear equation it replaces.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Temporality and Intervention Effects: Latent Trajectory Analysis of a Homeless Mental Health Program
Creators: name: Lennon, Mary Clare
name: McAllister, William
name: Kuang, Li
name: Herman, Daniel B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Intervention analyses which incorporate temporality over a followup period typically note differences in the patterns of "single-curves" for each the experimental and control groups or differences in temporally-based taxonomies between experimentals and controls. But the former fails to allow for the possibility of subgroups of multiple trajectories and the latter collapses time (e.g., average spell durations) and arbitrarily creates cut-points to form its taxonomies. This paper investigates the utility for intervention research of using latent class growth analysis (LCGA). This method incorporates the more complete temporal information used by single-curve approaches to statistically identify the multiple subgroups at the heart of the taxonomic approach. The authors do this by reanalyzing a critical time intervention study (CTI) of homeless mentally ill men that used both single-curve and taxonomic approaches. By finding, among other things, differences between experimentals and controls in the number, sizes and patterns of latent subgroups than were found in the prior analysis, this paper suggests the utility of LCGA for assessing service interventions.
Microscopic Spectral Density of the Wilson Dirac Operator for One Flavor
Creators: name: Larsen, Rasmus Normann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of a non-zero lattice spacing on the low-energy effective theory of Wilson fermions with one flavor. Analytical results are given for both the chiral condensate and the microscopic spectral density of the Wilson Dirac operator. A subtle mechanism ensures that a constant chiral condensate is recovered, once the sum over sectors of fixed index is performed.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Evaluation of mainstreaming youth-friendly health in private clinics in Malawi
Creators: name: Jackson, Ashley
name: Alfonso, Witness
name: Thakwalakwa, Chrissie
name: Evans, Shara
name: Barden-O’Fallon, Janine
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description:
Background High fertility rates and low modern contraceptive use put African youth and adolescents at high risk for health complications, including maternal mortality. Mainstreaming youth-friendly health services (YFHS) into existing services is one approach to improve access to reproductive health services for youth and adolescents. The objective of the evaluation was to assess the effects of a Population Services International (PSI)-sponsored YFHS training package on voluntary uptake of family planning among youth and perceptions of service quality by youth and trained healthcare providers in Malawi. Methods In 2018, a mixed-methods convergent parallel design was used to assess relevant monitoring and evaluation documents and service statistics from PSI Malawi and qualitative data on perceptions of service quality from Malawian youth and healthcare providers. The data were assessed through separate descriptive and thematic analysis and integrated to generate conclusions. Results Results show that the number of family planning clients ages 15–24 increased from 72 to 2278 per quarter during the implementation of the YFHS training packages, however, positive trends in client numbers were not sustained after youth outreach activities ended. Focus group discussions with 70 youth and adolescents indicated that clinics were perceived as providing high-quality services to youth. The main barriers to accessing the services were cost and embarrassment. Interviews with ten healthcare providers indicated that many made efforts to improve clinic accessibility and understood the barrier of cost and importance of outreach to youth and the broader community. Conclusions The findings support research showing positive effects of mainstreaming YFHS when training for healthcare staff is combined with additional YFHS programming components. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence that provider training alone, though beneficial to perceived service quality, is not sufficient to sustain increases in the number of adolescent and youth family planning clients.
The disposal of bad loans in Japan: A review of recent policy initiatives
Creators: name: Packer, Frank
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: In this text, we will review the origins, structure, and operations of the Cooperative Credit Purchasing Company through fiscal year 1993. We will addend to this an overview of the proposed formation of special purpose companies (SPCs) to assist banks in the disposal of a different class of outstanding loans. In conclusion, we will assess how these measures fit into the Japanese approach to the reconstruction of bank balance sheets.
The Tidal Tails of 47 Tucanae
Creators: name: Lane, Richard R.
name: Küpper, Andreas H. W.
name: Heggie, Douglas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae (47 Tuc) shows a rare increase in its velocity dispersion profile at large radii, indicative of energetic, yet bound, stars at large radii dominating the velocity dispersion and, potentially, of ongoing evaporation. Escaping stars will form tidal tails, as seen with several Galactic globular clusters, however, the tidal tails of 47 Tuc are yet to be uncovered. We model these tails of 47 Tuc using the most accurate input data available, with the specific aim of determining their locations, as well as the densities of the epicyclic overdensities within the tails. The overdensities from our models show an increase of 3-4% above the Galactic background and, therefore, should be easily detectable using matched filtering techniques. We find that the most influential parameter with regard to both the locations and densities of the epicyclic overdensities is the Heliocentric distance to the cluster. Hence, uncovering these tidal features observationally will contribute greatly to the ongoing problem of determining the distance to 47 Tuc, tightly constraining the distance of the cluster independent of other methods. Using our streakline method for determining the locations of the tidal tails and their overdensities, we show how, in principle, the shape and extent of the tidal tails of any Galactic globular cluster can be determined without resorting to computationally expensive N-body simulations.
description: Original paper has 10 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables. Please note that this now includes an erratum. Erratum has 6 pages, 8 figures and 2 tables. Ignore the exclamation marks in Section 2 of the erratum, these are an artifact of the LaTeX class file used to produce the manuscript
Inequalities and Identities
Creators: name: Jayadev, Arjun
name: Reddy, Sanjay G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: We introduce concepts and measures relating to inequality between identity groups. We define and discuss the concepts of Representational Inequality, Sequence Inequality and Group Inequality Contribution. Representational Inequality captures the extent to which an attribute is shared between members of distinct groups. Sequence Inequality captures the extent to which groups are ordered hierarchically. Group Inequality Contribution captures the extent to which differences between groups account for overall inequality. The concepts have application in interpreting segregation, clustering and polarization in societies. There exists a mapping from familiar inequality measures to the measures we identify, making them empirically applicable.
PowerPoint Demonstrations: Digital Technologies of Persuasion
Creators: name: Stark, David C.
name: Paravel, Verena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Social sciences--Research

description: When policy issues involve complex technical questions, demonstrations are more likely to marshal charts, graphs, models, and simulations than to mobilize popular movements in the streets. This paper analyzes PowerPoint demonstrations, the most ubiquitous form of digital demonstrations. The first set of demonstrations is the PowerPoint presentations made in December 2002 by the seven finalist architectural teams in the Innovative Design competition for rebuilding the World Trade Center. The second case occurred some blocks away, several months later: Colin Powell's PowerPoint demonstration at the United Nations. The authors argue that Edward Tufte's denunciation of PowerPoint does not capture the cognitive style made possible by the affordances of this pervasive new technology. On the basis of our case materials, they identify several features of the elementary grammar of a rhetoric that exploits the medium's potential to manipulate text, sound, and image. The analysis further demonstrates the distinctive morphology of PowerPoint. Its digital character provides affordances 1) that allow heterogeneous materials to be seamlessly re-presented in a single format that 2) can morph easily from live demonstration to circulating digital documents that 3) can be utilized in counter-demonstrations. A careful examination of this widely used technology is critical for understanding public discourse in a democratic society.
Onko vähemmän enemmän? Historiallisia ja ajankohtaisia tarkasteluja tiedon määrään ja tieteen uusiutumiseen
Creators: name: Roinila, Markku
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Tiedepolitiikka

description: Esitykseni Edistyksen päivillä syksyllä 2017. Esitykseen liittynyt artikkeli ilmestyny Tiedpolitiikka-lehdessä (http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:ELE-2501333)
Investment Opportunities in Mekelle, Tigray State, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Cannon, Bryant
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
Finance

description: Over the past two decades, Mekelle has experienced rapid growth as the capital of the Regional State of Tigray. Due to long-term business development plans aimed at creating optimal market conditions, the city has become the home for many industries, agro-processing companies and educational centers. With an educated work force and a significant manufacturing base, the city is poised for sustainable economic growth. This working paper is meant to alert investors to Mekelle's potential and to provide an overview of the investment conditions the city offers.
Deregulation of the Japanese Financial Markets and the Role of Japanese Banks
Creators: name: Hotta, Kensuke
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Commerce
Banks and banking
Finance

description: This paper originated as a lecture given on February 5,1992 at the Columbia Graduate School of Business as part of the Japan Distinguished Business Leaders Lecture Series, co-sponsored by the Center on Japanese Economy and Business and the Japan Business Association.
Constraints on New Scalars from the LHC 125 GeV Higgs Signal
Creators: name: Chang, We-Fu
name: Ng, John N.
name: Wu, Jackson M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the implications the recent results from the LHC Higgs searches have on scalar new physics. We study the impact on both the Higgs production and decay from scalars with and without colour, and in cases where decoupling do and do not happen. We investigate possible constraints on scalar parameters from the production rate in the diphoton channel, and also the two vector boson channels. Measurements from both channels can help disentangle new physics due to colour from that due to charge, and thus reveal the nature of the new scalar states.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures; references addded, typos corrected. Published in PRD
Social institutional dynamics of seed system reliability: the case of oil palm in Benin
Creators: name: Akpo, Essegbemon
name: Crane, Todd A.
name: Stomph, Tjeerd-Jan
name: Tossou, Rigobert C.
name: Kossou, Dansou K.
name: Vissoh, Pierre V.
name: Struik, Paul C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Seed system reliability is of major importance in farming. Whereas earlier studies analysed mainly annuals, this study focuses on a perennial. Oil palm in Benin was chosen as a case study because farmers complained about non-hybrids (dura and pisifera) in plots allegedly planted with 100% hybrid (tenera). This study assessed the reliability of the oil palm seedling supply system over past decades and its main drivers. An event ecology approach was used to identify causal mechanisms accounting for the observed variation in oil palm types on smallholder plots. A total of 378 plots belonging to 248 farmers that were allegedly planted with tenera between 1969 and 2009 were sampled, and shell thickness of fruits was assessed to determine whether palms were tenera, pisifera, or dura. The proportion of tenera varied with seedling supply source, farmers' geographic position, seedling purchase price, and year of planting. The proportion of tenera decreased with year of planting. Socio-institutional mechanisms associated with the observed variation in smallholder plots were national policy change, local arrangements for seedling supply to smallholder farmers, and farmers' personal characteristics. The implications of the observed decrease in the reliability of the seedling supply system are discussed.
Distribution of the Disinflation of Prices in 1990-91 Compared with Previous Business Cycles
Creators: name: Cagan, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics
Business

description: "After the post-World War II price decline in 1946, all substantial disinflations are associated with business contractions. The recent recession of July 1990 to March 1991 fits the usual pattern, except that its disinflation during the business contraction was on the low side, despite a fairly strong decline in economic activity. This exception appeared to depart from the historical Philips Curve, and led initially to consternation over the seeming failure of monetary restraint to combat inflation. In fact, however, most of the disinflation came after the business contraction. Overall the fraction of prices disinflating exceeded the fraction in every cyclical episode since 1960 except for the severe 1981-82 cycle."
Social institutional dynamics of seed system reliability: the case of oil palm in Benin
Creators: name: Akpo, Essegbemon
name: A. Crane, Todd
name: Stomph, Tjeerd-Jan
name: C. Tossou, Rigobert
name: K. Kossou, Dansou
name: V. Vissoh, Pierre
name: C. Struik, Paul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorised

description: Seed system reliability is of major importance in farming. Whereas earlier studies analysed mainly annuals, this study focuses on a perennial. Oil palm in Benin was chosen as a case study because farmers complained about non-hybrids (dura and pisifera) in plots allegedly planted with 100% hybrid (tenera). This study assessed the reliability of the oil palm seedling supply system over past decades and its main drivers. An event ecology approach was used to identify causal mechanisms accounting for the observed variation in oil palm types on smallholder plots. A total of 378 plots belonging to 248 farmers that were allegedly planted with tenera between 1969 and 2009 were sampled, and shell thickness of fruits was assessed to determine whether palms were tenera, pisifera, or dura. The proportion of tenera varied with seedling supply source, farmers' geographic position, seedling purchase price, and year of planting. The proportion of tenera decreased with year of planting. Socio-institutional mechanisms associated with the observed variation in smallholder plots were national policy change, local arrangements for seedling supply to smallholder farmers, and farmers' personal characteristics. The implications of the observed decrease in the reliability of the seedling supply system are discussed.
Simultaneous Estimation of Hedonic Equations with Unbalanced Data
Creators: name: Mueller, Valerie A.
name: Sheriff, Glenn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics

description: Hedonic non-market valuation often requires estimating housing and labor market regressions. The authors show how to accommodate unbalanced data in hedonic regressions. In addition to efficiency gains, the method allows consistent estimation of confidence intervals for amenity values. The paper illustrates by estimating the implicit price of a temperature increase in urban Brazil.
Separation and characterization of cellulose from sugarcane tops and its saccharification by recombinant cellulolytic enzymes
Creators: name: Khaire, Kaustubh Chandrakant
name: Moholkar, Vijayanand Suryakant
name: Goyal, Arun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: In the present study, the cellulose from sugarcane tops (SCT) was separated and characterized for its purity. Approximately, 85% (w/w) of total cellulose present in raw SCT was recovered by using alkaline method. The monosaccharide analysis of SCT cellulose by HPLC showed 91% D-glucose, 7.5% D-xylose and 1.5% D-arabinose residues. Surface morphology study of dried cellulosic fibers by FESEM exhibited the fibrous structure. The FTIR analysis of separated cellulose displayed the peaks corresponding to the peaks obtained from commercial cellulose, confirming its purity. The crystallinity index (CrI) of separated cellulose increased to 49% after delignification and xylan extraction from 36% of raw SCT. The typical TGA curve of separated SCT cellulose showed decomposition and mass reduction at 327 °C resulting in single decomposition peak in TGA analysis, confirming its purity. CHNS analysis supported the purity of separated cellulose by confirming absence of nitrogen and sulfur. The separated cellulose was hydrolyzed by recombinant endo-β-1,4-glucanase (CtCel8A), cellobiohydrolase (CtCBH5A) from Clostridium themocellum and β-1,4-glucosidase (HtBgl) from Hungateiclostridium thermocellum at pH 5.8, 50 °C for 24 h, resulting in the production of 188 mg/g of total reducing sugar (TRS). The separated cellulose from SCT can be utilized as an alternative substrate for commercialization and for bioethanol production. 85% of total cellulose recovery yield was obtained from raw sugarcane top (SCT) SCT cellulose contains 91%, D-glucose, 7.5% D-xylose and 1.5% D-arabinose residues Crystallinity index (CrI) of separated cellulose increased from 36% to 49% of raw SCT TGA curve of separated SCT cellulose showed the single decomposition peak at 327 °C Separated cellulose hydrolyzed by recombinant enzymes gave 188 mg/g TRS yield
Alternative Models of Dynamics in Binary Time-Series-Cross-Section Models: The Example of State Failure
Creators: name: Beck, Nathaniel
name: Epstein, David L.
name: Jackman, Simon
name: O'Halloran, Sharyn L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This paper investigates a variety of dynamic probit models for time-series-cross-section data in the context of explaining state failure. It shows that ordinary probit, which ignores dynamics, is misleading. Alternatives that seem to produce sensible results are the transition model and a model which includes a lagged latent dependent variable. It is argued that the use of a lagged latent variable is often superior to the use of a lagged realized dependent variable. It is also shown that the latter is a special case of the transition model. The relationship between the transition model and event history methods is also considered: the transition model estimates an event history model for both values of the dependent variable, yielding estimates that are identical to those produced by the two event history models. Furthermore, one can incorporate the insights gleaned from the event history models into the transition analysis, so that researchers do not have to assume duration independence. The conclusion notes that investigations of the various models have been limited to data sets which contain long sequences of zeros; models may perform differently in data sets with shorter bursts of zeros and ones.
Early evidence of the impact of cannabis legalization on cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and the use of other substances: Findings from state policy evaluations
Creators: name: Smart, Rosanna
name: Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: The past decade has seen unprecedented shifts in the cannabis policy environment, and the public health impacts of these changes will hinge on how they affect patterns of cannabis use and the use and harms associated with other substances. Objectives: To review existing research on how state cannabis policy impacts substance use, emphasizing studies using methods for causal inference and highlighting gaps in our understanding of policy impacts on evolving cannabis markets. Methods: Narrative review of quasi-experimental studies for how medical cannabis laws (MCLs) and recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) affect cannabis use and use disorders, as well as the use of or harms from alcohol, opioids, and tobacco. Results: Research suggests MCLs increase adult but not adolescent cannabis use, and provisions of the laws associated with less regulated supply may increase adult cannabis use disorders. These laws may reduce some opioid-related harms, while their impacts on alcohol and tobacco use remain uncertain. Research on RCLs is just emerging, but findings suggest little impact on the prevalence of adolescent cannabis use, potential increases in college student use, and unknown effects on other substance use. Conclusions: Research on how MCLs influence cannabis use has advanced our understanding of the importance of heterogeneity in policies, populations, and market dynamics, but studies of how MCLs relate to other substance use often ignore these factors. Understanding effects of cannabis laws requires greater attention to differences in short- versus long-term effects of the laws, nuances of policies and patterns of consumption, and careful consideration of appropriate control groups.
The relationship between expatriates, parent company-affiliate integration and HRM control in overseas affiliates of Japanese and American MNCs
Creators: name: Krazmien, Michelle
name: Beechler, Schon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper examines the relationship between the level of parent company-subunit integration, parent control over the affiliate, and affiliate performance in a sample of 69 Japanese business units in the United States and 89 American business units in Japan. A discussion of the results and their implications are presented.
New Exponential Passivity Analysis ofNeutral System with Time-Varying Delaysand Nonlinear Perturbations
Creators: name: Kanit Mukdasai
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Exponentialpassivityanalysis
Linearmatrixinequality
Modeltransformation
Neutral system

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 1-13
On the first Solvay Congress in 1911
Creators: name: Straumann, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Late in October 1911, eighteen leading scientists from all over Europe met to the first of a famous sequence of Solvay conferences in Brussels. This historical meeting was mainly devoted to "The Theory of Radiation and the Quanta", at a time when the foundations of physics were totally shaken. Although "nothing positive came out" (Einstein), it is interesting to see the diverging attitudes of Europe's most famous scientists in the middle of the quantum revolution. After a few general remarks about the conference, I shall focus on some of the most interesting contributions and discussions. Einstein, at 32 the youngest, was clearly most aware of the profound nature of the crises. He gave the final talk entitled "The Present State of the Problem of Specific Heats", but he put his theme into the larger context of the quantum problem, and caused a barrage of challenges, in particular from Lorentz, Planck, Poincaré, and others.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in Eur. Phys. J. H
Hydrodynamics of a 5D Einstein-dilaton black hole solution and the corresponding BPS state
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Hu, Ya-Peng
name: Zhang, Jian-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the potential reconstruction approach to generate a series of asymptotically AdS (aAdS) black hole solutions, with a self-interacting bulk scalar field. Based on the method, we reproduce the pure AdS solution as a consistency check and we also generate a simple analytic 5D black hole solution. We then study various aspects of this solution, such as temperature, entropy density and conserved charges. Furthermore, we study the hydrodynamics of this black hole solution in the framework of fluid/gravity duality, e.g. the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density. In a degenerate case of the 5D black hole solution, we find that the c function decreases monotonically from UV to IR as expected. Finally, we investigate the stability of the degenerate solution by studying the bosonic functional energy of the gravity and the Witten-Nester energy $E_{WN}$. We confirm that the degenerate solution is a BPS domain wall solution. The corresponding superpotential and the solution of the killing spinor equation are found explicitly.
description: V2: 23 pages, no figure, minor changes, typos corrected, new references and comments added, version accepted by JHEP
Early evidence of the impact of cannabis legalization on cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and the use of other substances: Findings from state policy evaluations
Creators: name: Smart, Rosanna
name: Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: The past decade has seen unprecedented shifts in the cannabis policy environment, and the public health impacts of these changes will hinge on how they affect patterns of cannabis use and the use and harms associated with other substances. Objectives: To review existing research on how state cannabis policy impacts substance use, emphasizing studies using methods for causal inference and highlighting gaps in our understanding of policy impacts on evolving cannabis markets. Methods: Narrative review of quasi-experimental studies for how medical cannabis laws (MCLs) and recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) affect cannabis use and use disorders, as well as the use of or harms from alcohol, opioids, and tobacco. Results: Research suggests MCLs increase adult but not adolescent cannabis use, and provisions of the laws associated with less regulated supply may increase adult cannabis use disorders. These laws may reduce some opioid-related harms, while their impacts on alcohol and tobacco use remain uncertain. Research on RCLs is just emerging, but findings suggest little impact on the prevalence of adolescent cannabis use, potential increases in college student use, and unknown effects on other substance use. Conclusions: Research on how MCLs influence cannabis use has advanced our understanding of the importance of heterogeneity in policies, populations, and market dynamics, but studies of how MCLs relate to other substance use often ignore these factors. Understanding effects of cannabis laws requires greater attention to differences in short- versus long-term effects of the laws, nuances of policies and patterns of consumption, and careful consideration of appropriate control groups.
Evaluation of Spin-Triplet Superconductivity in Sr2RuO4
Creators: name: Maeno, Yoshiteru
name: Kittaka, Shunichiro
name: Nomura, Takuji
name: Yonezawa, Shingo
name: Ishida, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review presents a summary and evaluations of the superconducting properties of the layered ruthenate Sr2RuO4 as they are known in the autumn of 2011. This paper appends the main progress that has been made since the preceding review by Mackenzie and Maeno was published in 2003. Here, special focus is placed on the critical evaluation of the spin-triplet, odd-parity pairing scenario applied to Sr2RuO4. After an introduction to superconductors with possible odd-parity pairing, accumulated evidence for the pairing symmetry of Sr2RuO4 is examined. Then, significant recent progress on the theoretical approaches to the superconducting pairing by Coulomb repulsion is reviewed. A section is devoted to some experimental properties of Sr2RuO4 that seem to defy simple explanations in terms of currently available spin-triplet scenario. The next section deals with some new developments using eutectic boundaries and micro-crystals, which reveals novel superconducting phenomena related to chiral edge states, odd-frequency pairing states, and half-fluxoid states. Some of these properties are intimately connected with the properties as a topological superconductor. The article concludes with a summary of knowledge emerged from the study of Sr2RuO4 that are now more widely applied to understand the physics of other unconventional superconductors, as well as with a brief discussion of relatively unexplored but promising areas of ongoing and future studies of Sr2RuO4.
description: 31 pages, 35 figures, published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. as a review article of Special Topics