cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Long-term survival of a patient with microsatellite-stable refractory colorectal cancer with regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab: a case report and review of literature
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong
name: Zhang, Fang
name: Zhao, Lingdi
name: Fu, Xiaomin
name: Shang, Yiman
name: Gao, Quanli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Patient images for disease progression (1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d).
Co-Location of Air Capture, Subseafloor CO2 Sequestration, and Energy Production on the Kerguelen Plateau
Creators: name: Goldberg, David S.
name: Lackner, Klaus S.
name: Han, Patrick
name: Slagle, Angela L.
name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry
Atmosphere

description: Reducing atmospheric CO2 using a combination of air capture and offshore geological storage can address technical and policy concerns with climate mitigation. Because CO2 mixes rapidly in the atmosphere, air capture could operate anywhere and in principle reduce CO2 to preindustrial levels. We investigate the Kerguelen plateau in the Indian Ocean, which offers steady wind resources, vast subseafloor storage capacities, and minimal risk of economic damages or human inconvenience and harm. The efficiency of humidity swing driven air capture under humid and windy conditions is tested in the laboratory. Powered by wind, we estimate 75 Mt CO2/yr could be collected using air capture and sequestered below seafloor or partially used for synfuel. Our analysis suggests that Kerguelen offers a remote and environmentally secure location for CO2 sequestration using renewable energy. Regional reservoirs could hold over 1500 Gt CO2, sequestering a large fraction of 21st century emissions.
Model for performance prediction in multi-axis machining
Creators: name: Lavernhe, Sylvain
name: Tournier, Christophe
name: Lartigue, Claire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with a predictive model of kinematical performance in 5-axis milling within the context of High Speed Machining. Indeed, 5-axis high speed milling makes it possible to improve quality and productivity thanks to the degrees of freedom brought by the tool axis orientation. The tool axis orientation can be set efficiently in terms of productivity by considering kinematical constraints resulting from the set machine-tool/NC unit. Capacities of each axis as well as some NC unit functions can be expressed as limiting constraints. The proposed model relies on each axis displacement in the joint space of the machine-tool and predicts the most limiting axis for each trajectory segment. Thus, the calculation of the tool feedrate can be performed highlighting zones for which the programmed feedrate is not reached. This constitutes an indicator for trajectory optimization. The efficiency of the model is illustrated through examples. Finally, the model could be used for optimizing process planning.
Power law behavior for the zigzag transition in a Yukawa cluster
Creators: name: Sheridan, T. E.
name: Magyar, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide direct experimental evidence that the one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) zigzag transition in a Yukawa cluster exhibits power law behavior. Configurations of a six-particle dusty (complex) plasma confined in a biharmonic potential well are characterized as the well anisotropy is reduced. When the anisotropy is large the particles are in a 1D straight line configuration. As the anisotropy is decreased the cluster undergoes a zigzag transition to a 2D configuration. The measured dependence of cluster width on anisotropy is well described by a power law. A second transition from the zigzag to an elliptical configuration is also observed. The results are in very good agreement with a model for particles interacting through a Yukawa potential.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 19 references, submitted to Physical Review E
Sequence Stratigraphy in Proterozoic Successions
Creators: name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Grotzinger, John P.
name: Von Der Borch, C. C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic
subject: Mineralogy

description: Sedimentological logging and facies mapping have been used to identify depositional sequences bounded by subtle but regionally persistent unconformities in rocks of Proterozoic age in the western United States, South Australia, and northwestern Canada. We conclude from these studies that the sequence stratigraphic approach is of considerable importance for intrabasinal time correlation in the Proterozoic and for facies interpretation and basin analysis in Proterozoic rocks.
Tuning the Josephson current in carbon nanotubes with the Kondo effect
Creators: name: Eichler, A.
name: Deblock, R.
name: Weiss, M.
name: Karrasch, C.
name: Meden, V.
name: Schonenberger, C.
name: Bouchiat, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Josephson current in a single wall carbon nanotube connected to superconducting electrodes. We focus on the parameter regime in which transport is dominated by Kondo physics. A sizeable supercurrent is observed for odd number of electrons on the nanotube when the Kondo temperature Tk is sufficiently large compared to the superconducting gap. On the other hand when, in the center of the Kondo ridge, Tk is slightly smaller than the superconducting gap, the supercurrent is found to be extremely sensitive to the gate voltage Vbg. Whereas it is largely suppressed at the center of the ridge, it shows a sharp increase at a finite value of Vbg. This increase can be attributed to a doublet-singlet transition of the spin state of the nanotube island leading to a pi shift in the current phase relation. This transition is very sensitive to the asymmetry of the contacts and is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
GEOTRACES intercalibration of 230Th, 232Th, 231Pa, and prospects for 10Be
Creators: name: Anderson, Robert F.
name: Fleisher, Martin Q.
name: Robinson, Laura F.
name: Edwards, R. Lawrence
name: Hoff, John A.
name: Moran, S. Bradley
name: Loeff, Michiel Rutgers Van Der
name: Thomas, Alexander L.
name: Francois, Roger
name: Roy-Barman, Matthieu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Chemical oceanography

description: Nineteen labs representing nine nations participated in the GEOTRACES intercalibration initiative that determined concentrations of 232Th, 230Th, 231Pa, or 10Be in seawater, suspended particles or sediments. Results generally demonstrated good agreement among labs that analyzed marine sediments. Two sets of seawater samples, aliquots of particulate material filtered in situ, and/or aliquots of biogenic sediments were distributed to participating labs. Internal consistency among participating labs improved substantially between the first and second set of seawater samples. Contamination was a serious problem for 232Th. Standard Niskin bottles introduced no detectable contamination, whereas sample containers, reagents, and labware were implicated as sources of contamination. No detectable differences in concentrations of dissolved 232Th, 230Th, or 231Pa were observed among samples of seawater filtered through Nuclepore, Supor, or QMA (quartz) filters with pore diameters ranging between 0.4 and 1.0 μm. Isotope yield monitors equilibrate with dissolved Th in seawater on a time scale of much less than 1 day. Samples of filtered seawater acidified to a pH between 1.7 and 1.8 experienced no detectable loss of dissolved Th or Pa during storage for up to 3 years. The Bermuda Atlantic Time Series station will serve as a GEOTRACES baseline station for future intercalibration of 232Th and 230Th concentrations in seawater. Efforts to improve blanks and standard calibration are ongoing, as is the development of methods to determine concentrations of particulate nuclides, tests of different filtration methods, and an increasing awareness of the need to define protocols for reporting uncertainties.
Additional file 3 of Long-term survival of a patient with microsatellite-stable refractory colorectal cancer with regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab: a case report and review of literature
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong
name: Zhang, Fang
name: Zhao, Lingdi
name: Fu, Xiaomin
name: Shang, Yiman
name: Gao, Quanli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Detailed report of CT scan during follow-up period.
Study of needle ice events at Vancouver, Canada, 1961-1968
Creators: name: Outcalt, Samuel Irvine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Prediction of needle ice events requires an understanding of energy and water transfer between the atmosphere and the soil. A project in southwestern British Columbia was conducted during 1961-1968 for the purposes of (1) constructing a general model of needle ice growth, (2) characterizing the processes which combine to produce ice needle events, and (3) explaining the variations in ice needle morphology. The problem was approached by (1) comparing environmental conditions on event and non-event nights, (2) identifying the heat sinks which produce surface cooling and fusion, (3) determining the range of the variability in soil water and heat flow properties produced by changing soil water content, (4) statistically analyzing the event, non-event record, and (5) determining the time dependence of the components of the energy-water transfer system during needle ice growth. Statistical and physical analysis demonstrated the overriding control of the thermal and evaporative heat sinks in needle ice growth and indicated that the equivalent radiant temperature of the night sky must drop below -15°C before a needle ice event is probable. Further, it was demonstrated that after ice crystals form at the surface the magnitude of the surface heat sink (equilibrium surface temperature) and the soil water content control the depth of the normally frozen soil cap above the needles and the spatial homogeneity of needle growth. The statistical study of the event record produced a simple dew point-cloud cover empirical model for event prediction and a listing of favorable-unfavorable conditions for needle ice growth. A general model for needle ice growth was developed indicating the relationship between surface equilibrium temperature and soil water tension on the growth and the spatial temporal homogeneity of needle growth. Contributions to general micrometeorology were made by demonstrating the utility of combined measurement of surface temperature soil water tension and soil heave in the analysis of soil structural evolution during diurnal freeze-thaw cycles. Specifically, the anomalous positive "bump" which frequently occurs in nocturnal surface temperature curves was shown to be coincident with a thermally driven flux of warm subsoil water toward the surface and a sudden increase in soil water tension was demonstrated to occur at the time when heave (ice segregation) began. Finally specific problems which appear both tractable and rewarding were formulated for future investigators.
Additional file 1 of Understanding multidisciplinary care for people with rheumatic disease in British Columbia, Canada, through patients, nurses and physicians voices: a qualitative policy evaluation
Creators: name: Apantaku, Glory
name: Aguiar, Magda
name: Kaal, K. Julia
name: Munro, Sarah
name: Teo, Michelle
name: Harrison, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Ocnerodrilidae Beddard 1891
Creators: name: Santos, Alessandra
name: Gorte, Tatiane
name: Demetrio, Wilian C.
name: Ferreira, Talita
name: Nadolny, Herlon
name: Cardoso, Guilherme B. X.
name: Tonetti, Caroline
name: Ralisch, Ricardo
name: Nunes, Amanda P.
name: Coqueiro, Ana Carolina P.
name: Leandro, Hudson C. L.
name: Wandscheer, Cassio A. R.
name: Bortoluzzi, Jeankleber
name: Brown, George G.
name: Bartz, Marie L. C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Ocnerodrilidae

description: Ocnerodrilidae sp.2  COFMBRPR0730, 1 individual in no-tillage, Facão Torto watershed, Entre Rios do Oeste—PR (24° 42' 00.57"S, 54° 13' 00.13"W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls.
description: Published as part of Santos, Alessandra, Gorte, Tatiane, Demetrio, Wilian C., Ferreira, Talita, Nadolny, Herlon, Cardoso, Guilherme B. X., Tonetti, Caroline, Ralisch, Ricardo, Nunes, Amanda P., Coqueiro, Ana Carolina P., Leandro, Hudson C. L., Wandscheer, Cassio A. R., Bortoluzzi, Jeankleber, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2018, Earthworm species in no-tillage agroecosystems and native Atlantic forests in Western Paraná, Brazil, pp. 517-534 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.40, http://zenodo.org/record/1447015
A gravitationally lensed water maser in the early Universe
Creators: name: Impellizzeri, C. M. V.
name: McKean, J. P.
name: Castangia, P.
name: Roy, A. L.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Wucknitz, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water masers are found in dense molecular clouds closely associated with supermassive black holes in the centres of active galaxies. Based upon the understanding of the local water maser luminosity function, it was expected that masers at intermediate and high redshifts would be extremely rare, but galaxies at redshifts z > 2 might be quite different from those found locally, not least because of more frequent mergers and interaction events. Using gravitational lensing as a tool to enable us to search higher redshifts than would otherwise be possible, we have embarked on a survey of lensed galaxies, looking for masers. Here we report the discovery of a water maser at redshift 2.64 in the dust- and gas-rich gravitationally lensed type 1 quasar MG J0414+0534, which, with an isotropic luminosity of 10,000 L_solar, is twice as luminous as the most powerful local water maser, and half that of the most distant maser previously known. Using the locally-determined luminosity function, the probability of finding a maser this luminous associated with any single active galaxy is 10^{-6}. The fact that we saw such a maser in the first galaxy we observed must mean that the volume densities and luminosities of masers are higher at redshift 2.64.
description: 9 pages, 2 figues, accepted for publication in Nature (18 December 2008)
The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores: VI. The Protostars of Lynds Dark Nebula 1221
Creators: name: Young, Chadwick H.
name: Bourke, Tyler L.
name: Dunham, Michael M.
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Jorgensen, Jes K.
name: Shirley, Yancy L.
name: Young, Kaisa E.
name: De Vries, Christopher
name: Claussen, Mark J.
name: Popa, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of Lynds Dark Nebula 1221 from the Spitzer Space Telescope are presented. These data show three candidate protostars towards L1221, only two of which were previously known. The infrared observations also show signatures of outflowing material, an interpretation which is also supported by radio observations with the Very Large Array. In addition, molecular line maps from the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory are shown. One-dimensional dust continuum modelling of two of these protostars, IRS1 and IRS3, is described. These models show two distinctly different protostars forming in very similar environments. IRS1 shows a higher luminosity and larger inner radius of the envelope than IRS3. The disparity could be caused by a difference in age or mass, orientation of outflow cavities, or the impact of a binary in the IRS1 core.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ
The Development of Collaborative Keys to Promote Engagement in Undergraduate Online Asynchronous Statistics Courses
Creators: name: Sabbag, Anelise
name: Justice, Nicola
name: Frame, Samuel
name: Laundroche, Lauren
name: Roggenkemper, Rachel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Many online courses use discussion forums to encourage active engagement and student-to-student interaction. However, discussion forum assignments often lack much of the structure, format, and accountability that is associated with high-quality student experiences and student-to-student interactions. This article uses a classroom research model to introduce, develop, and evaluate Collaborative Keys for an undergraduate student population. We will share how the Collaborative Keys were revised to facilitate cooperative learning in an asynchronous online introductory statistics course. We modified an existing social constructivism framework, the Community of Inquiry, to evaluate the essential social elements of student interactions both before and after substantial revisions were made to the Collaborative Keys based on previous investigations. The changes were done to encourage and support student-to-student interactions through the use of group collaborations rather than a whole class collaboration, individual accountability through individual answers, and support for positive interdependence between students by having a shared goal of one final answer for the group. Our initial results suggest that students were more effectively connected with their groups members and social interactions were improved using a revised version of the Collaborative Keys. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Phytoplankton Photosynthetic Characteristics from Fluorescence Induction Assays of Individual Cells
Creators: name: Olson, Robert J.
name: Sosik, Heidi M.
name: Chekalyuk, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Saturating-flash fluorescence techniques, which can provide information about the physiological state of phytoplankton, at present measure bulk water samples and so provide "averaged" values for all the fluorescent particles present. In analyzing natural samples, however, more detailed information about the distribution of photosynthetic characteristics among different cell types and(or) individual cells is desirable. Therefore we developed two methods for applying a "pump-during-probe" technique on a cell-by-cell basis. We used either an epifluorescencemicroscope or a flow cytometer to make time-resolved measurements of the increase in chlorophyll fluorescence induced by a rectangular excitation pulse of 100-psduration. We used a biophysical model of fluorescence induction to obtain information about the quantum yield of photochemistry in photosystem 2 (PS2) and the functional absorption cross-section for PS2. For several species (including the smallest phytoplankton, Prochlorococcus, which are 0.7 pm in diameter), the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry in PS2 obtained by averaging data from many individual cells agreed well with estimates derived from bulk measurements of DCMU enhancement of Chl fluorescence.
Optimisation of tool axis orientation in 5 axis machining taking into account kinematical constraints
Creators: name: Lavernhe, Sylvain
name: Tournier, Christophe
name: Lartigue, Claire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After presenting the main difficulties related to machining 5 axes machining within the context of HSM, we present a surface model of 5-axis trajectories allowing taking into account geometrical and kinematical constraints. This model is integrated in an optimization scheme in order to maximize the productivity while ensuring the expected geometrical quality. A case of application is detailed, illustrating the modification of the tool axis in order to improve axis kinematical behavior during the tool path follow-up.
The Greenhouse Effect: Using Student-Generated Agricultural Data to Warm Up Students for Data-Based Decision Making
Creators: name: Kuiper, Shonda
name: Chakraborty, Abhishek
name: George, Tyler
name: Kay, Lisa W.
name: Lesser, Lawrence M.
name: Rowell, Ginger
name: Pearl, Dennis
name: Crawford, Scott
name: Olsen, Anna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This article describes a collaborative project across multiple institutions to compare two versions of a regression activity: (a) a website version that collected student data through an online simulation with corresponding apps for visualization and (b) a traditional paper handout version that had a static dataset. This allowed us to evaluate the differences in student learning and attitudes when students have a stronger connection with the data through an interactive—and hopefully fun—data-collection process than they do when they are given a worksheet with a pre-collected dataset. While student and instructor responses indicated they liked the activity in both formats, the PreTest and PostTest results showed evidence of a higher gain in knowledge with the website version. Finally, we discuss how the website version connects with pedagogical strategies for the development of modern statistics and data science courses.
Short-Pulse Pump-And-Probe Technique for Airborne Laser Assessment of Photosystem II Photochemical Characteristics
Creators: name: Chekalyuk, Alexander M.
name: Hoge, Frank E.
name: Wright, Charles W.
name: Swift, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Botany
subject: Remote sensing

description: The development of a technique for laser measurement of fPhotosystem II (PS II) photochemical characteristics of phytoplankton and terrestrial vegetation from an airborne platform is described. Results of theoretical analysis and experimental study of pump-and-probe measurement of the PS II functional absorption cross-section and photochemical quantum yield are presented. The use of 10 ns probe pulses of PS II sub-saturating intensity provides a significant, up to 150-fold, increase in the fluorescence signal compared to conventional 'weak-probe' protocol. Little effect on the fluorescence yield from the probe-induced closure of PS II reaction centers is expected over the short pulse duration, and thus a relatively intense probe pulse can be used. On the other hand, a correction must be made for the probe-induced carotenoid triplet quenching and singlet-singlet annihilation. A Stern-Volmer model developed for this correction assumes a linear dependence of the quenching rate on the laser pulse fluence, which was experimentally validated. The PS II saturating pump pulse fluence (532 nm excitation) was found to be 10 and 40 mumol quanta m(-2) for phytoplankton samples and leaves of higher plants, respectively. Thirty mus was determined as the optimal delay in the pump-probe pair. Our results indicate that the short-pulse pump-and-probe measurement of PS II photochemical characteristics can be implemented from an airborne platform using existing laser and LIDAR technologies.
The distribution of cosmic ray neutrons in the atmosphere.
Creators: name: Greenhill, JG
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: An introduction to the demography of cosmic ray neutrons including a detailed description of neutron diffusion theory with special reference to diffusion in the atmosphere. The design and performance of the detectors, flight unit electronics, telemetry system and receiving and recording equipment are described. The theory of frequency division multiplexing methods is described and applied to the optimisation of the telemetry system used in the experiments. The experiments are described and smoothed for curve counting rate dataAa number of the balloon ascents tabulated. The energy sensitivity of the neutron detectors is discussed. Experimental data on the background and directional response of the detectors are presented and analysed. The contribution to the counting rate of neutrons produced in the detector materials is estimated for various altitudes and latitudes. An increase in the neutron counting rate at high altitudes over Macquaries Island is described. This event occured at a time of high geophysical activity and was accompanied by intense bursts of auroral X-rays. Possible causes of the increase are discussed and the neutron flux is estimated on the assumption that the event was genuine. The flux of protons, required to produce the neutrons by interactions with air nuclei, is estimated and shown to be barely compatible with riometer and other observations at the time of the event. Possible sources of such a proton flux increase are discussed'. The results of the latitude survey measure- ments in August-October 1964 are described and compared with other experimental and theoretical data. Good agreement is obtained with the theoretical results of Newkirk (1963). Time variations in the neutron flux over Wilkes and Mildura are discussed and evidence is presented for a decrease between 1962 and 1964 in the absorption length of the neutron producing radiation over Macquarie Island. Differences between the neutron flux, measured in simultaneous flights from Wilkes and Macquarie Island, are discussed. The latitude dependence of the neutron leakage flux is estimated from the count rate variation at 15gm cm-2 and compared with various experimental and theoretical results. It is shown that the latitude distributions of the slow neutron density are essentially the same as the counting rate distributions for our detectors. These distributions are compared with the results of Lingenfelter (1963) and Soberman (1956) and significant differences are found to exist. The absolute neutron density distributions are evaluated by nornalising our data to those of Miles (1964). The results are compared with other experimental and theoretical data and a value for the global average carbon 14 production rate is obtained. An anomaly: in the literature on the efficiency of slow neutron detectors is discussed.
A History of the Conference and Its Future in Theological Librarianship
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Library science
Organizational behavior

description: The purpose of this short paper today is to examine the meaning of “the conference,” including how conferences have evolved. Specifically of concern is how the idea of ATLA’s conferences have developed and changed over the years, and how new modes of thinking about and approaching conferences may lead us to a new generation of “coming together for a purpose.” The fact that in the past decade the term “conference” as a noun has become a verb “to conference,” with gerundic variations such as “conferencing,” shows that the meaning and expression of “the conference” are in the midst of evolution and radical revisioning.
Relic Gravitational Waves with A Running Spectral Index and Its Constraints at High Frequencies
Creators: name: Tong, Ming-Lei
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of a running index $α_t$ on the spectrum of relic gravitational waves (RGWs) over the whole range of frequency $(10^{-18}\sim 10^{10})$ Hz and reveal its implications in RGWs detections and in cosmology. Analytical calculations show that, although the spectrum of RGWs on low frequencies is less affected by $α_t\ne 0$, but, on high frequencies, the spectrum is modified substantially. Investigations are made toward potential detections of the $α_t$-modified RGWs for several kinds of current and planned detectors. The Advanced LIGO will likely be able to detect RGWs with $α_t\ge 0$ for inflationary models with the inflation index $β=-1.956$ and the tensor-scalar ratio $r= 0.55$. The future LISA can detect RGWs for a much broader range of ($α_t$, $β$, $r$), and will have a better chance to break a degeneracy between them. Constraints on $α_t$ are estimated from several detections and cosmological observations. Among them, the most stringent one is from the bound of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), and requires $α_t < 0.008$ rather conservatively for any reasonable ($β$, $r$), preferring a nearly power-law spectrum of RGWs. In light of this result, one would expect the scalar running index $α_s$ to be of the same magnitude as $α_t$, if both RGWs and scalar perturbations are generated by the same scalar inflation.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by PRD
Is the Sevier Desert Reflection of West-Central Utah a Normal Fault?
Creators: name: Anders, Mark H.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Physical geography

description: A prominent west-dipping reflection that can be traced in seismic-reflection profiles over an area of 7000 km2 beneath the Sevier Desert basin of west-central Utah is generally referred to as the Sevier Desert detachment and is widely regarded as one of the best examples of an upper-crustal low-angle normal fault. The absence of evidence for fault-related deformation in drill cuttings and core from two industry boreholes that intersect this feature casts doubt on the fault interpretation. The existing interpretation is based mainly on the observation that high-angle normal faulting is restricted largely to Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks above the reflection. An alternative explanation is that the high-angle faults are related to the withdrawal of early deposited lacustrine salt, which even today is as much as 2 km thick. Reevaluation of the seismic data suggests that the Sevier Desert reflection consists of two spatially and genetically distinct segments: a shallow segment here interpreted as an unconformity between Paleozoic and Tertiary strata and a fortuitously aligned deeper segment that is traceable to mid- and lower-crustal levels and that appears to represent a thrust fault related to the Cretaceous Sevier orogeny.
The Development of Collaborative Keys to Promote Engagement in Undergraduate Online Asynchronous Statistics Courses
Creators: name: SABBAG, ANELISE
name: JUSTICE, NICOLA
name: FRAME, SAMUEL
name: LAUNDROCHE, LAUREN
name: ROGGENKEMPER, RACHEL
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Many online courses use discussion forums to encourage active engagement and student-to-student interaction in online courses. However, discussion forum assignments often lack much of the structure, format, and accountability that is associated with high-quality student experiences and student-to-student interactions. This paper uses a classroom research model to introduce, develop, and evaluate Collaborative Keys for an undergraduate student population. We will share how the Collaborative Keys were revised to facilitate cooperative learning in an asynchronous online introductory statistics course. We modified an existing social constructivism framework, the Community of Inquiry, to evaluate the essential social elements of student interactions both before and after substantial revisions were made to the Collaborative Keys based on previous investigations. The changes were done to encourage and support student-to-student interactions through the use of group collaborations rather than a whole class collaboration, individual accountability through individual answers, and support for positive interdependence between students by having a shared goal of one final answer for the group. Our initial results suggest that students were more effectively connected with their groups members and social interactions were improved using a revised version of the Collaborative Keys.
title: Precision Drought Stress in Orchards: Rootstock Evaluation, Trunk Hydration and Canopy Temperature
Creators: name: Stott, Lance V.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: In many areas, over half of all diverted water is used for irrigation. Tree fruit crops use a lot of water, but water productivity can be increased using properly-timed precision water stress. In addition to water conservation, increases in water productivity arise from better fruit quality, increased storage life and reductions in pruning and maintenance. One major hurdle to applying precision water stress in orchards is the lack of a reliable, automated method of determining tree water status. However, the influence of physiological characteristics such as rootstock vigor on water productivity are also important. Selecting the most appropriate rootstocks and accurately determining the water status of orchard trees can increase water productivity.
Research has shown that some rootstocks can more effectively extract water from soil. In this research, the response to water stress of three different Gisela tart cherry dwarfing rootstocks was compared using a weighing lysimeter system. Gisela 12 and Gisela 3 rootstocks recovered from drought stress more quickly and had higher trunk diameter growth rates than drought-stressed Gisela 5 rootstocks.
Two potential methods of determining tree water status were also evaluated. Trunk hydration was measured using electromagnetic sensors and canopy temperature changes were detected using infrared radiometry.
Electromagnetic techniques, including time domain reflectometry, can be used to determine the water content of wood. Until recently, the cost of this technology has inhibited its widespread use, but new affordable commercial electromagnetic soil moisture sensors have created renewed interest in this technique. In this research five different types of electromagnetic soil moisture sensors were inserted into the trunks of fruit trees and were monitored over two growing seasons. Maximizing exposure of waveguides to the sapwood increased the response of these sensors to changes in stem water potential.
Infrared measurements of canopy temperature have successfully been used with field crops. However, the heterogeneity of orchard canopies makes this technique more difficult in orchards. Here, the efficacy of aiming radiometers at single trees versus at entire orchards was compared over multiple growing seasons. Neither single tree measurements nor whole orchard techniques produced a sufficiently robust signal to recommend them for general use.
Laboratory Experiments on Wave Turbulence
Creators: name: Falcon, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review paper is devoted to a presentation of recent progress in wave turbulence. I first present the context and state of the art of this field of research both experimentally and theoretically. I then focus on the case of wave turbulence on the surface of a fluid, and I discuss the main results obtained by our group: caracterization of the gravity and capillary wave turbulence regimes, the first observation of intermittency in wave turbulence, the occurrence of strong fluctuations of injected power in the fluid, the observation of a pure capillary wave turbulence in low gravity environment and the observation of magnetic wave turbulence on the surface of a ferrofluid. Finally, open questions in wave turbulence are discussed.
title: Symbolic Versus Sustainable: Tracking the Apparel Industry’s Response to Crisis Over Time
Creators: name: Crabb, Sadell R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: In this study I investigate the impact different director types have on firm commitments to voluntary labor regulation. Using an author-constructed dataset of eight focal firm’s boards of directors for a nineteen-year period, I examine the impacts of gender and racial diversity, as well as the inclusion of independent interlocking board members on firm commitments to voluntary labor regulation following a legitimacy crisis in the 1990s. Framing firms’ responses within a chronological approach to institutional theory, I test how trends for these three director types varied for firms most and least committed to voluntary labor regulation, as well as for firms that underwent bankruptcy, an acquisition, or split into various firms between 1996 and 2014. Findings suggest that firms view gender and racial diversity in similar ways, but independent interlocks as a separate strategy. All firms increased the number of women and racial minorities on their boards, with least committed firms having the highest percentages of both over this entire period. Use of independent interlocks increased at a moderate rate for most committed firms, decreased over time for least committed firms, and increased significantly for firms going through additional crises (bankruptcy, an acquisition, or splitting up). This study contributes to theory and research on organizational change by extending understanding of mechanisms that drive organizational change in response to crisis by analyzing internal normative mechanisms that shaped firms’ responses. It extends research on board composition by analyzing the conditions under which board diversity and interlocked board members are sought by focal firms. Understanding how and why board diversity and independent interlock membership serve as mechanisms of internal, normative change provides insight into what internal mechanisms shape organizational policies and practices, and provide a correction to the over-focus on external, coercive mechanisms in existing scholarship.
Magnetic and structural studies on some d3 transitional element halide complexes.
Creators: name: Grey, IE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In this thesis the results of a study of the magnetic interactions in series of polynuclear complexes of chromium(III), molybdenum(III), and vanadium(II) are reported. These comprise series of compounds of formula A31V12X9 (M = Cr(III), Mo(III); X = Cl, Br; A = univalent cation) containing binuclear [M2X9]3- entities and the compounds AVX3 (X = Cl, Br) containing infinite linear chains (-VX3-)1-n . Particular emphasis has been placed on the relation-ship between magnetic properties and the structure of the compounds. In this connection a survey has been made of previous investigations of magnetic interactions in poly-nuclear transition element complexes. It is evident that there is the need for a study of the variation of magnetic interactions in series of simple polynuclear complexes of closely related structures. From single crystal and powder x-ray diffraction studies carried out on the A3M2X9 system it has been determined that change of the size of cation A results in a change in the metal-metal separation in the binuclear anion._ From a combination of the x-ray structural data and magnetic susceptibility measurements the variation of magnetic exchange with change of metal-metal distance has been determined. Detailed correlations have also been made between the magnetic properties and the proposed structures for the vanadium complexes. The magnetic data on the compounds of formula AVX3 is consistent with a structural model which involves pairing of vanadium atoms along an infinite chain. For all the compounds studied it has been possible to obtain useful information on the contributions of the different mechanisms for exchange by a comparison of the magnetic properties of related chloride and bromide complexes. It is concluded that in the molybdenum binuclear compounds, the dominant mechanism for spin-spin coupling is direct exchange between the molybdenum atoms. The various superexchange effects via the bridging halogens contribute no more than 10% of the total exchange. The relative contributions of the ferro- and antiferromagnetic superexchange mechanisms are very dependent on the structure of the binuclear anion. The magnetic inter-actions in the corresponding chromium complexes are weaker than in their molybdenum analogues by a factor of fifty. The magnetic properties of the vanadium(II) compounds are similar to those of the molybdenum binuclear complexes. In the former compounds, however, the superexchange via the bridging ligands forms a greater contribution to the total exchange. This is attributed to the shorter metal-ligand bonds in the AVX3 compounds.
Resolving Apparent Conflicts between Oceanographic and Antarctic Climate Records and Evidence for a Decrease in pCO2 during the Oligocene through Early Miocene (34–16 Ma)
Creators: name: Pekar, Stephen F.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geochemistry

description: An apparent mismatch between published oxygen isotopic data and other paleoclimate proxies for the span from 26–16 Ma is resolved by calibration against global sea-level estimates obtained from backstripping continental margin stratigraphy. Ice-volume estimates from calibrated oxygen isotope data compare favorably with stratigraphic and palynological data from Antarctica, and with estimates of atmospheric pCO2 throughout the Oligocene to early Miocene (34–16 Ma). Isotopic evidence for an East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) as much as 30% larger than its present-day volume at glacial maxima during that span is consistent with seismic reflection and stratigraphic evidence for an ice sheet covering much of the Antarctic continental shelf at the same glacial maxima. Palynological data suggest long-term cooling during the Oligocene, with cold near-tundra environments developing along the coast at glacial minima no later than the late Oligocene. A possible mechanism for this long-term cooling is a decrease in atmospheric pCO2 from the middle Eocene to Oligocene, reaching near pre-industrial levels by the latest Oligocene, and remaining at those depressed levels throughout the Miocene.
Magnetic Phase Diagrams of Manganites-like Local-Moment Systems with Jahn-Teller distortions
Creators: name: Stier, M.
name: Nolting, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an extended two-band Kondo lattice model (KLM) to investigate the occurrence of different (anti-)ferromagnetic phases or phase separation depending on several model parameters. With regard to CMR-materials like the manganites we have added a Jahn-Teller term, direct antiferromagnetic coupling and Coulomb interaction to the KLM. The electronic properties are self-consistently calculated in an interpolating self-energy approach with no restriction to classical spins and going beyond mean-field treatments. Further on we do not have to limit the Hund's coupling to low or infinite values. Zero-temperature phase diagrams are presented for large parameter intervals. There are strong influences of the type of Coulomb interaction (intraband, interband) and of the important parameters (Hund's coupling, direct antiferromagnetic exchange, Jahn-Teller distortion), especially at intermediate couplings.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
title: Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Plant Populations and Communities in Sagebrush Steppe
Creators: name: Kleinhesselink, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Forecasting the effects of climate change on plant and animal populations is a high priority in ecology. We studied the effects of climate on plant populations through the use of observational and experimental data, as well as analytical models. Our research questions were: (1) Do the effects of interannual climate variation on the population growth rates of widespread species show a coherent pattern across gradients of mean annual climate? (2) How well can population models fit to observational data predict the response of populations to field experiments that manipulate climate? And (3) does niche overlap between competitors predict the magnitude of competition-mediated indirect effects in mechanistic resource competition models? To test the first question, we assessed how interannual variation in climate affected the abundance of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) at 131 monitoring sites across its range. We found that years of above average temperature increased sagebrush abundance at cold sites, but decreased sagebrush abundance at hot sites. This pattern indicates that sagebrush distribution may be limited by hot and cold temperatures at the extremes of its distribution. We addressed iv our second research question by fitting statistical models to over 25 years of observational data on the performance of four dominant plant species in a sagebrush steppe community. We then experimentally manipulated soil moisture in this community and tested how well the statistical models fit to observational data could predict species’ responses to the experimental treatments. In two out of four species, we found that including climate effects in our models helped us predict the population-level responses to the experiment. Moreover, effects of historical soil moisture variation on vital rates were generally consistent with the effects of drought and irrigation treatments. Our results provide some evidence that observational data can be used to predict species’ responses to climate change in the future. We addressed our third question by simulating environmental change in analytical models of resource competition and quantifying the size of direct and competition-mediated indirect effects that resulted. We showed that the magnitude of indirect effects increased as the niche overlap between competitors increased.