cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Morphophonemics in standard Arabic and Kuwait dialect.
Creators: name: Qannoor, Nasser M.N.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1983

description: This study is concerned with Arabic phonology. In particular it deals with morphophonemic alternations in standard Arabic and Kuwait dialect. The research is carried out within the framework of generative phonology. The work is arranged in four parts. Part one is a theoretical introduction which includes an outline of the different views on the phoneme since early in the century, phonemic analyses, taxonomic and systematic, the different variants of the phoneme, and the different thoughts on treating alternations are all reviewed. Similarly, an outline is provided on the theory of generative phonology. The first impression of it - the transformational view - and its strong abstraction is discussed. The other version of generative phonology - the natural view - which came as a reaction to the transformational abstractness is also outlined. Part two is devoted to standard Arabic. It is divided into two sections. The first of which deals with the phonological system. This includes a discussion on the vocalic system, the consonantal system, the syllable structure, assimilation and stress. Section two deals with the morphophonemic alternations in the language, both masculine and feminine. Part three is concerned with Kuwait dialect. It is also divided into two sections, the first of which discusses the phonological system of the dialect in the same way that the first section of part two discusses the phonological system of standard Arabic. Section two of part three deals with the morphophonemic alternations in the dialect in the same way that section two of part two deals with the morphophonemic alternations in standard Arabic. Part four attempts to account for the phonological dissimilarities between standard Arabic and Kuwait dialect. Such dissimilarities are grouped under: emphatic influence, phonemic merger, phonemic split, vowel insertion and deletion, vowel raising, syllable structure, and neutralization .
Quantum metric of non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger systems
Creators: name: Ye, Chao Chen
name: Vleeshouwers, W. L.
name: Heatley, S.
name: Gritsev, V.
name: Smith, C. Morais
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators have been studied intensively over the last decades. Earlier research focused on Hermitian Hamiltonians, but recently, peculiar and interesting properties were found by introducing non-Hermiticity. In this work, we apply a quantum geometric approach to various Hermitian and non-Hermitian versions of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. We find that this method allows one to correctly identify different topological phases and topological phase transitions for all SSH models, but only when using the metric tensor containing both left and right eigenvectors. Whereas the quantum geometry of Hermitian systems is Riemannian, introducing non-Hermiticity leads to pseudo-Riemannian and complex geometries, thus significantly generalizing from the quantum geometries studied thus far. One remarkable example of this is the mathematical agreement between topological phase transition curves and lightlike paths in general relativity, suggesting a possibility of simulating space-times in non-Hermitian systems. We find that the metric in non-Hermitian phases degenerates in such a way that it effectively reduces the dimensionality of the quantum geometry by one. This implies that within linear response theory, one can perturb the system by a particular change of parameters while maintaining a zero excitation rate.
description: v2 has added a change in the acknowledgment; v3 has added minimal changes and a few new references. Remarkably, the additional "i" in Eq. (25) has been removed; v4 is the published version on Physical Review Research
Structure and development of kindergarten children’s mathematical competence
Creators: name: Dunekacke, Simone
name: Ham, A. K. Van Den
name: Grüßing, M.
name: Heinze, A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Early childhood
subject: kindergarten
subject: development of mathematical competence
subject: longitudinal study
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Mathematical competence in school-related contexts is a multidimensional construct that encompasses several content areas and cognitive components. Kindergarten children have experiences with different types of mathematical content. However, empirical research has focused mostly on children’s numerical skills, and less is known about their development in other mathematical content areas and interdependencies between areas, especially when it comes to less-structured approaches to early childhood education. The study investigated two research questions: (1) What is the structure of kindergarten children’s mathematical competence? (2) How do the different dimensions of mathematical competence develop over time? One-to-one interviews were completed with 442 kindergarten children to assess their mathematical competence at three measurement points. The results indicate that mathematical competence among kindergarten children should be treated as a multidimensional construct. Furthermore, the results indicate that skills in different content areas affect later skills in the same and in other content areas. Therefore, the results highlight the importance of addressing multiple mathematical content areas in early childhood.
title: The social organisation of the Digo of Kenya.
Creators: name: Gerlach, Luther P.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1960

description: As a result of Islamic and Western influence, Digo matrilineal social organization has been greatly modified, so that matrilineal patterns co-exist with important patrilineal and bilateral patterns. This dissertation is concerned with the ways in which these various, mutually contradictory, patterns combine to form a stable, multilineal, social organization. The introduction presents the background data necessary to understand this organization. It shows how the Digo were influenced by Islam and the West, and it outlines how Digo unilineal organization was replaced by a multilineal system in which each Digo must develop a complex of mutual security and reciprocal aid associations. The first five chapters are concerned with an exposition of the various categories of kin from which such associations are made, and analyze the forces which support each relationship. These chapters show how to nuclear family expands to form ever larger multilineal kin groups, and illustrates how each group is established and maintained by complex of shared rights and duties. Chapter six deals with the former division of Digo society into generation sets, and shows what effect this former division has had upon the current Digo social organization. Chapter seven discusses the organization of adult men into a political and legal body known as the global ngambi, and it shows how this body, in conjunction with the utsi, or community, functions to regulate some aspects of Digo behaviour. It also shows how relationship of kinship, affinity, and friendship are manifested in legal disputes. Chapter eight presents a detailed survey of Digo patterns of marriage and divorce and a discussion of affinal relationship. It indicates how patterns of marriage and divorce are primarily a function of the Digo desire to establish and maintain rewarding mutual security associations. The final chapter shows how relationships of kinship, affinity and friendship are manifested in magico-medical curing ceremonies, and it suggest that such ceremonies are important to the Digo because they reaffirm, dramatize, and test such relationships.
title: The 'Utbi states in Eastern Arabia in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Creators: name: Abu Hakimah, Ahmad M.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1960

description: This study deals with the 'Utbi States in Eastern Arabia in the second half of the eighteenth century. The rise of the 'Utub, the ancestors of the present influential families and the rulers of Kuwait and Bahrain, has so far been neglected. Chapter One of the present work describes the position in Eastern Arabia and the Persian Gulf in the first half of the 18th century and how certain factors paved the way for the rise of the first 'Utabi settlement of Kuwait. Chapter two treats of the origin of the 'Utub and reflects an attempt to answer various questions relating to the growth of Kuwait and the rise of the A;-Sabah as the first 'Utbi rulers in that town, in 1752. In 1766, the al-khalifa, the cousins of Al-Sabah, accomoanied by other 'Utbi families, migrated to the south and established Zubara in Qatar. The rapid growth of the 'Utbi trade that followed its establishment and other aspects of the 'Utbi history are discussed in Chapter Three. The commercial success of Kuwait and Zubara provoked the jealousy of other Arab tribes in the area and especially those on the Persian littoral of the Gulf. As a result of military operations between the 'Utub and the latter Bahrain Islamis were conquered in 1782 and by now the 'Utub had become the strongest Arab maritime power on the Persian Gulf. This rise in the 'Utbi power until 1790 is treated in Chapter Four. By the 1780's the Wahhabis had conquered most parts of Central Arabia and started their wars against the Bani Khalid, rulers of al-hasa and the barrier of the coastal 'Utbi States. Wahhabism, Wahhabi-Khalidi struggle, and Wahhabi relations with the 'Utub are treated in Chapter Five. Chapter six deals with the commercial aspect of the 'Utbi history and it shows how they succeeded in almost monopolising the trade of Eastern Arabia. 'utbi relatious with the European and other forces in the area are treated in various chapters of the thesis.
title: Studies in contemporary Arab nationalist literature.
Creators: name: Le Gassick, Trevor J.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1960

description: Pan-Arab nationalism seeks a closer form of political union between the Arab states. Arab nationalist writers consider that such a union will enable the Arabs to achieve complete freedom and allow them to enjoy rapid social and economic progress. They consider that a nation can be proved to exist if a group of people have a common language, culture, history, territory and economic interests; they seek to prove, employing vague arguments, that all the Arabic speaking peoples do from such a nation. Pew Arab nationalist writers attempt to suggest in detail what form the pan-Arab union should take; they show little unanimity and their conclusions are seen to conflict with the form of government in force, in the United Arab Republic. The relationship between Arab nationalism and religion is seen to be very complicated; there seems widespread disaccord among Arab nationalist writers concerning, in particular, the place of Islam in the proposed Arab union. The attitude shown by Arab nationalist writers towards the Western Powers and Israel show clearly their complete dislike and distrust of their intentions and their policies. Only a minority see a need to give credit to any benefits the influence of the West may have brought to the Arab world. In contrast to this, Arab nationalists, although they criticise communist ideology, are seen to be extremely grateful towards the Communist Bloc for the help it has given them in their struggle with their "imperialist enemies," Many supporters of pan-Arab nationalism see in Jamal 'Abd al-Nasir the personification of the Arabs' struggle for unity and progress; an examination of his speeches, however, shows that until the Suez War at least, he frequently expressed himself as an Egyptian first and an Arab only secondly. Opposition to Arab nationalism is examined superficially in some works in support of pan-Arab unity.
Exploration of the Misuse, Abuse, and Diversion of Gabapentin
Creators: name: Smith, Rachel Vickers
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Substance Abuse and Addiction

description: Gabapentin is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an adjunctive anti-convulsant and an analgesic for post-herpetic neuralgia. Though gabapentin was initially presumed to have limited or no abuse potential, which may have contributed to its widespread off-label prescribing, there have been increasing anecdotal and published reports of its misuse by substance abusers in the community and penal system. However, to date, there has been limited systematic evaluation of the scope and risk of gabapentin misuse and its associated effects. This dissertation assesses the etiology and prevalence of gabapentin misuse, abuse, and diversion in a multi-faceted approach, namely by the individual, ecological, and pharmacoepidemiological factors associated with this phenomenon. Due to the importance of conducting theory-driven epidemiological research, this dissertation uses an adaptation of the Concurrent Triangulation Mixed Method Multilevel Theoretical Model to guide the study. Through qualitative analysis of focus group data in an existing cohort of opioid users, a systematic review of peer-reviewed published literature, and a pharmacovigilance assessment of adverse events reported to the FDA, this dissertation describes the present state of gabapentin misuse. Findings are important for providers and may help inform policy to establish for whom prescription of gabapentin is most appropriate.
Long-term trends and seasonal variation in host density, temperature, and nutrients differentially affect chytrid fungi parasitising lake phytoplankton
Creators: name: Gsell, Alena S.
name: Wolinska, Justyna
name: Preuss, Katrin
name: Teurlincx, Sven
name: Özkundakci, Deniz
name: Hilt, Sabine
name: Donk, Ellen Van
name: Ibelings, Bas W.
name: Adrian, Rita
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: host–parasite interactions
subject: parasitism
subject: phosphorus
subject: seasonality
subject: temperature
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: 1. Parasites are generally considered the most commonly occurring type of consumers, yet their biomass and population dynamics are rarely quantified at community level. 2. Here, we used 12 years of weekly or fortnightly monitoring data (518 time points) to determine the occurrence of chytrids, fungal parasites of phytoplankton, to assess their seasonality and long-term (seasonally-detrended) dynamics in the pelagic plankton community of a temperate, eutrophic, and polymictic lake. 3. Chytrid infections were observed in c. 75% of all samples with recurrent infections in multiple host taxa. Infection prevalence was highest in spring, but infections occurred throughout the entire year with an average of 2.3 host taxa infected per time point (ranging from 0 to 10 host taxa) and an average infection prevalence of 2.78% (ranging from 0% to 47.35%). Infected host biomass equalled that of the carnivorous zooplankton and decreased over time, while infection prevalence remained unchanged. Seasonal infection prevalence increased with phytoplankton biomass, but decreased with increasing temperature and phosphorus concentrations, reflecting that peak prevalence occurred in spring when temperature and phosphorus concentrations were relatively low. In contrast, seasonally-detrended prevalence increased with temperature, but decreased with increasing phosphorus concentrations. 4. Chytrids are a common component of the pelagic plankton community with sizeable biomass and removing an—at times—substantial proportion of the primary production, challenging the long-standing underrepresentation of parasites in ecological studies. 5. Chytrids responded differentially to seasonal variation and long-term trends in host density, water temperature and nutrient availability, highlighting the need to disentangle seasonal signals from long-term changes.
Vision Transformers, a new approach for high-resolution and large-scale mapping of canopy heights
Creators: name: Fayad, Ibrahim
name: Ciais, Philippe
name: Schwartz, Martin
name: Wigneron, Jean-Pierre
name: Baghdadi, Nicolas
name: de Truchis, Aurélien
name: d'Aspremont, Alexandre
name: Frappart, Frederic
name: Saatchi, Sassan
name: Pellissier-Tanon, Agnes
name: Bazzi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accurate and timely monitoring of forest canopy heights is critical for assessing forest dynamics, biodiversity, carbon sequestration as well as forest degradation and deforestation. Recent advances in deep learning techniques, coupled with the vast amount of spaceborne remote sensing data offer an unprecedented opportunity to map canopy height at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Current techniques for wall-to-wall canopy height mapping correlate remotely sensed 2D information from optical and radar sensors to the vertical structure of trees using LiDAR measurements. While studies using deep learning algorithms have shown promising performances for the accurate mapping of canopy heights, they have limitations due to the type of architectures and loss functions employed. Moreover, mapping canopy heights over tropical forests remains poorly studied, and the accurate height estimation of tall canopies is a challenge due to signal saturation from optical and radar sensors, persistent cloud covers and sometimes the limited penetration capabilities of LiDARs. Here, we map heights at 10 m resolution across the diverse landscape of Ghana with a new vision transformer (ViT) model optimized concurrently with a classification (discrete) and a regression (continuous) loss function. This model achieves better accuracy than previously used convolutional based approaches (ConvNets) optimized with only a continuous loss function. The ViT model results show that our proposed discrete/continuous loss significantly increases the sensitivity for very tall trees (i.e., > 35m), for which other approaches show saturation effects. The height maps generated by the ViT also have better ground sampling distance and better sensitivity to sparse vegetation in comparison to a convolutional model. Our ViT model has a RMSE of 3.12m in comparison to a reference dataset while the ConvNet model has a RMSE of 4.3m.
Soil contamination in nearby natural areas mirrors that in urban greenspaces worldwide
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Rong
name: Heijden, Marcel G. A. Van Der
name: Riedo, Judith
name: Sanz-Lazaro, Carlos
name: Eldridge, David J.
name: Bastida, Felipe
name: Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo
name: Zhou, Xin-Quan
name: Hu, Hang-Wei
name: He, Ji-Zheng
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Soil contamination
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Soil contamination is one of the main threats to ecosystem health and sustainability. Yet little is known about the extent to which soil contaminants differ between urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems. Here we show that urban greenspaces and adjacent natural areas (i.e., natural/semi-natural ecosystems) shared similar levels of multiple soil contaminants (metal(loid)s, pesticides, microplastics, and antibiotic resistance genes) across the globe. We reveal that human influence explained many forms of soil contamination worldwide. Socio-economic factors were integral to explaining the occurrence of soil contaminants worldwide. We further show that increased levels of multiple soil contaminants were linked with changes in microbial traits including genes associated with environmental stress resistance, nutrient cycling, and pathogenesis. Taken together, our work demonstrates that human-driven soil contamination in nearby natural areas mirrors that in urban greenspaces globally, and highlights that soil contaminants have the potential to cause dire consequences for ecosystem sustainability and human wellbeing.
Surface wind over Europe: Data and variability
Creators: name: Rojas-Labanda, Cristina
name: Gonzalez-Rouco, Fidel
name: Garcia-Bustamante, Elena
name: Navarro, Jorge
name: Lucio-Eceiza, Etor E.
name: Schrier, Gerard Van Der
name: Kaspar, Frank
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: observational database
subject: quality control
subject: regionalization
subject: surface wind
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: This work improves the characterization and knowledge of the surface wind climatology over Europe with the development of an observational database with unprecedented quality control (QC), the European Surface Wind Observational database (EuSWiO). EuSWiO includes more than 3,829 stations with sub-daily resolution for wind speed and direction, with a number of sites spanning the period of 1880–2017, a few hundred time series starting in the 1930s and relatively good spatial coverage since the 1970s. The creation of EuSWiO entails the merging of eight different data sets and its submission to a common QC. About 5% of the total observations were flagged, correcting a great part of the extreme and unrealistic values, which have a discernible impact on the statistics of the database. The daily wind variability was characterized by means of a classification technique, identifying 11 independent subregions with distinct temporal wind variability over the 2000–2015 period. Significant decreases in the wind speed during this period are found in five regions, whereas two regions show increases. Most regions allow for extending the analysis to earlier decades. Caution in interpreting long-term trends is needed as wind speed data have not been homogenized. Nevertheless, decreases in the wind speed since the 1980s can be noticed in most of the regions. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the temporal and spatial surface wind variability in Europe. It will allow from meteorological to climate and climate change studies, including potential applications to the analyses of extreme events, wind power assessments or the evaluation of reanalysis or model-data comparison exercises at continental scales.
title: A grammatical study of the Arabic dialect of Tahway (Minifiya Province, Egypt).
Creators: name: Abu Farag, Mohammed A.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1960

description: The thesis consists of two parts and one appendix as well as the introduction and the reading transcription. Part I deals with types of sentences which are divided in four different ways according to the characteristics on which the attention is focussed. It consists of four chapters followed 1317 a table showing the different types of sentences in the language. In Chapters I, II, III and IV affirmative and negative sentences; simple, compound and complex sentences j declarative request-, interrogative and question-sentences and aspect I- and aspect II-sentences are discussed respectively. Sentences are subdivided under each heading into different sub-classes in accordance with the characteristics they exhibit. In Part II, grammatical categories within simple affirmative declarative sentences of aspect I are established. Before proceeding with the-analysis in this part, a chapter is devoted to general classification of the categories treated in the rest of it. The remaining nine chapters of Part II deal with verb, I participle, noun, adjective, personal pronoun demonstrative and deictic, numeral, the relative and particle, Each of these categories is subdivided into whatever sub-classes the material suggests. The appendix contains eight Arabic texts relating to agriculture in the day-to-day life of Tahway, and their English translation. A map of the village and the surrounding area is provided with the thesis.
title: The domestic and foreign affairs of Egypt from 1876 to 1882.
Creators: name: Mustafa, Ahmad
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1955

description: This thesis has developed from a project I originally had in mind of writing a study, in Arabic, on "The Egyptian Question from 1879 to 1882". I proposed submitting this as a thesis for a Doctorate of Philosophy to the Ain Shams University in Cairo. But finding that the data available in Egypt would add too little for the purpose to what had already been published on this subject, I decided, that I should be well advised to consult the relevant British and French Archives. I accordingly applied for a period of study leave in order to visit London and Paris; and this was agreed to by both the Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Ministry of Education, who accorded me every possible facility. I then, however, decided, instead of pursuing ray original intention, to obtain leave to submit a thesis, in English to the University of London, also on the Egyptian Question, but covering the years 1876 to 1882, since I considered that the events of the last four years of that period might thereby be more satisfactorily elucidated. Moreover, in view of the fact that the international aspect of the subject had already received much attention from historians, I also resolved to give particular weight in ray study to its domestic side. Hence the title under which I present it.
Polariton lasing in Mie-resonant perovskite nanocavity
Creators: name: Masharin, M. A.
name: Khmelevskaia, D.
name: Kondratiev, V. I.
name: Markina, D. I.
name: Utyushev, A. D.
name: Dolgintsev, D. M.
name: Dmitriev, A. D.
name: Shahnazaryan, V. A.
name: Pushkarev, A. P.
name: Isik, F.
name: Iorsh, I. V.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
name: Demir, H. V.
name: Samusev, A. K.
name: Makarov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deeply subwavelength lasers (or nanolasers) are highly demanded for compact on-chip bioimaging and sensing at the nanoscale. One of the main obstacles for the development of single-particle nanolasers with all three dimensions shorter than the emitting wavelength in the visible range is the high lasing thresholds and the resulting overheating. Here we exploit exciton-polariton condensation and mirror-image Mie modes in a cuboid CsPbBr$_3$ nanoparticle to achieve coherent emission at the visible wavelength of around 0.53~$μ$m from its ultra-small ($\approx$0.007$μ$m$^3$ or $\approxλ^3$/20) semiconductor nanocavity. The polaritonic nature of the emission from the nanocavity localized in all three dimensions is proven by direct comparison with corresponding one-dimensional and two-dimensional waveguiding systems with similar material parameters. Such a deeply subwavelength nanolaser is enabled not only by the high values for exciton binding energy ($\approx$35 meV), refractive index ($>$2.5 at low temperature), and luminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr$_3$, but also by the optimization of polaritons condensation on the Mie resonances. Moreover, the key parameters for optimal lasing conditions are intermode free spectral range and phonons spectrum in CsPbBr$_3$, which govern polaritons condensation path. Such chemically synthesized colloidal CsPbBr$_3$ nanolasers can be easily deposited on arbitrary surfaces, which makes them a versatile tool for integration with various on-chip systems.
description: 29 pages, 19 Figures
Explicit Cocycle of the Dedekind-Rademacher Cohomology Class and the Darmon-Dasgupta Measures
Creators: name: Sim, Jae Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The work of Darmon, Pozzi, and Vonk has recently shown that the RM-values of the Dedekind-Rademacher cocycle $J_{DR}$ are Gross-Stark units up to a controlled torsion. In the aforementioned work, it is remarked that the measure-valued cohomology class $μ_{DR}$ which underlies $J_{DR}$ is the level 1 incarnation of earlier constructions by Darmon and Dasgupta. In this paper, we make this relationship explicit by computing a concrete cocycle representative of $μ_{DR}$ by tracing the construction of the cohomology class and comparing periods of weight 2 Eisenstein series. While maintaining a global perspective in our computations, we configure the appropriate method of smoothing cocycles which exactly yields the $p$-adic measures of Darmon and Dasgupta when applied to $μ_{DR}$. These methods will also explain the optional degree zero condition imposed in Darmon and Dasgupta's work which was remarked upon in works of Fleischer and Liu as well as Dasgupta and Kakde.
description: 26 pages. Edits to definition of power series ring $P$ and various typo fixes. Version submitted for publication
FOXO1-mediated lipid metabolism maintains mammalian embryos in dormancy
Creators: name: Weijden, Vera A. Van Der
name: Stötzel, Maximilian
name: Iyer, Dhanur P.
name: Fauler, Beatrix
name: Gralinska, Elzbieta
name: Shahraz, Mohammed
name: Meierhofer, David
name: Vingron, Martin
name: Rulands, Steffen
name: Alexandrov, Theodore
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell proliferation
subject: Embryonic stem cells
subject: Metabolomics
subject: Pluripotency
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Mammalian developmental timing is adjustable in vivo by preserving pre-implantation embryos in a dormant state called diapause. Inhibition of the growth regulator mTOR (mTORi) pauses mouse development in vitro, yet how embryonic dormancy is maintained is not known. Here we show that mouse embryos in diapause are sustained by using lipids as primary energy source. In vitro, supplementation of embryos with the metabolite l-carnitine balances lipid consumption, puts the embryos in deeper dormancy and boosts embryo longevity. We identify FOXO1 as an essential regulator of the energy balance in dormant embryos and propose, through meta-analyses of dormant cell signatures, that it may be a common regulator of dormancy across adult tissues. Our results lift a constraint on in vitro embryo survival and suggest that lipid metabolism may be a critical metabolic transition relevant for longevity and stem cell function across tissues.
title: History of Indian asceticism in pre-Buddhistic times.
Creators: name: Singh, Janardan P.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1960

description: This study is concerned with the origins and the development of Indian asceticism before the time of the Buddha. In: the first chapter we have tried to define the concept of asceticism and fix its typology. We have included the practices of Upasana and Yoga in asceticism. The second chapter is devoted to the study of asceticism in the Indus Civilisation and in the Samhitas. We have taken each Samhita separately and studied tapas. vata, svama and other terms which may have a bearing on the subject in the context of the cultural material as revealed in that particular samhita. We have studied also such personalities as the muni, yati and vatya. In dealing with the vatya We have concentrated only on the book XV of the Av, leaving aside the materials found in the Brahmanas for the second chapter. This has involved a general criticism of the views of the scholars who have worked on the subject, and a re-appraisal of the AV.XV. which has led to quite different results. In the third chapter we have again dealt with the terms seen in the Brahmanas. Along with this we have studied the sacrificial practises involving austerities such as fasting, dietary regulations, keeping vigil and so forth. These regulations are not only observed separately but axe gathered together in the Diksa ritual which has been treated exhaustively. We have suggested that the diksa was the arche-type of later austerities. In this period new ascetic personalities such as the Carakas and the Vaikhanasas appeared. The Vatyas-have, been again dealt with exhaustively and have been found to be an organised community containing shaman-like priests. It has been ten-tatively suggested that they might be identified with the people of the copper hoards of the Gangetic valley. In the fourth chapter we have treated the material found in the Aranyakas and the Upanisads together. We find new developments in the ascetic mode of living. Asceticism comes predominantly to mean self-discipline, beside the earlier conception of asceticism as self-mortification. Though the ascetic mode of living was accepted in later Vedic society, had not been integrated as a social institution in the framework of the aszama system. The practices of Upasana and Yoga are seen to be well-developed by the end of this period. The fifth chapter gives a short summary of the views put forward in the earlier chapters and a short comparison of the conclusions arrived at: with the Jaina and the Buddhist evidence.
Optimization Modeling for Pandemic Vaccine Supply Chain Management: A Review and Future Research Opportunities
Creators: name: Dey, Shibshankar
name: Kurbanzade, Ali Kaan
name: Gel, Esma S.
name: Mihaljevic, Joseph
name: Mehrotra, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: During various stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries implemented diverse vaccine management approaches, influenced by variations in infrastructure and socio-economic conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of optimization models developed by the research community throughout the COVID-19 era, aimed at enhancing vaccine distribution and establishing a standardized framework for future pandemic preparedness. These models address critical issues such as site selection, inventory management, allocation strategies, distribution logistics, and route optimization encountered during the COVID-19 crisis. A unified framework is employed to describe the models, emphasizing their integration with epidemiological models to facilitate a holistic understanding. This article also summarizes evolving nature of literature, relevant research gaps, and authors' perspectives for model selection. Finally, future research scopes are detailed both in the context of modeling and solutions approaches.
description: 62 pages, 4 figures
An optimized protocol for assessment of sputum macrorheology in health and muco-obstructive lung disease
Creators: name: Völler, Mirjam
name: Addante, Annalisa
name: Rulff, Hanna
name: Lospichl, Benjamin Von
name: Gräber, Simon Y.
name: Duerr, Julia
name: Lauster, Daniel
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Gradzielski, Michael
name: Mall, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: mucus
subject: sputum
subject: bovine submaxillary mucin
subject: macrorheology
subject: solvent trap
subject: cystic fibrosis
subject: muco-obstructive lung disease
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background: Airway mucus provides important protective functions in health and abnormal viscoelasticity is a hallmark of muco-obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). However, previous studies of sputum macrorheology from healthy individuals and patients with CF using different experimental protocols yielded in part discrepant results and data on a systematic assessment across measurement settings and conditions remain limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an optimized and reliable protocol for standardized macrorheological measurements of airway mucus model systems and native human sputum from healthy individuals and patients with muco-obstructive lung disease. Methods: Oscillatory rheological shear measurements were performed using bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) at different concentrations (2% and 10% solids) and sputum samples from healthy controls (n = 10) and patients with CF (n = 10). Viscoelastic properties were determined by amplitude and frequency sweeps at 25°C and 37°C with or without solvent trap using a cone-plate geometry. Results: Under saturated atmosphere, we did not observe any temperature-dependent differences in 2% and 10% BSM macrorheology, whereas in the absence of evaporation control 10% BSM demonstrated a significantly higher viscoelasticity at 37°C. Similarly, during the measurements without evaporation control at 37°C we observed a substantial increase in the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″ of the highly viscoelastic CF sputum but not in the healthy sputum. Conclusion: Our data show systematically higher viscoelasticity of CF compared to healthy sputum at 25°C and 37°C. For measurements at the higher temperature using a solvent trap to prevent evaporation is essential for macrorheological analysis of mucus model systems and native human sputum. Another interesting finding is that the viscoelastic properties are not much sensitive to the applied experimental deformation and yield robust results despite their delicate consistency. The optimized protocol resulting from this work will facilitate standardized quantitative assessment of abnormalities in viscoelastic properties of airway mucus and response to muco-active therapies in patients with CF and other muco-obstructive lung diseases.
EFFECT OF FOOT REFLEXOLOGY AND BODY MASSAGE ON SELECTED OUTCOMES AMONG NEONATES UNDERGOING PHOTOTHERAPY
Creators: name: NOUR RAGAB ADAM AHMED
name: HANAN MOHAMED RASHAD AHMED
name: ZAHRAA EZZ ELDIN OSMAN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Foot Reflexology, Body Massage, Neonatal Outcomes, Phototherapy.

description: Abstract

Background: Phototherapy is the primary mode of treatment of physiological jaundice but it has many adverse reactions. Foot reflexology and body massage therapy have recognized as novel approaches to neonatal care that improve the management of neonatal illnesses and overall health. Aim: To evaluate the effect of foot reflexology and body massage on selected outcomes among neonates undergoing phototherapy. Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial design was utilized on a purposive sample of one hundred and five full-term neonates with physiological jaundice from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at EL Monira Pediatric Hospital that is affiliated to Cairo University from April 2023 to June 2024. The sample randomly assigned to three equal groups, namely foot reflexology, body massage and control using block randomization. Tools: two tools were utilized: neonatal characteristics and neonates' clinical outcomes. Foot reflexology and body massage were performed once a day for fifteen minutes for five consecutive days. Transcutaneous bilirubin and serum bilirubin levels, defecation frequency and phototherapy duration were recorded daily through the intervention five days. Results: Before intervention there were no significant differences in the mean of transcutaneous and serum bilirubin levels among the three study groups, while it decreased significantly in reflexology and massage groups compared to control after intervention. Defecation frequency increased significantly for all neonates in the three study groups from the second day. Total days mean on phototherapy decreased significantly in reflexology and massage groups compared to control group. Conclusion: Neonates undergoing phototherapy who received foot reflexology or body massage had lower bilirubin levels, more defecation frequency and shorter duration on phototherapy than who not receive. Foot reflexology and body massage had the same effect on bilirubin levels, and duration on phototherapy. Recommendation: Foot reflexology and body massage must be taken into consideration as a complementary modality that should be incorporated into nursing care because it is a safe, cost-efficient and well tolerated by neonates with physiological jaundice undergoing phototherapy.
Distribución de Richardia scabra var. chacoensis
Creators: name: Kruyeniski, R. Magali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310899
subject: Plant biology not elsewhere classified

description: Archivo de kml que muestra las coordenadas analizadas de Richardia scabra var. chacoensis, en un estudio taxonómico integrativo de las variedades de R. scabra.
title: Charakterisierung eines Displays als Kommunikationsschnittstelle eines autonomen Fahrzeugs
Creators: name: Greulich, Michael
name: Baumann, Maximilian
name: Trampert, Klaus
name: Neumann, Cornelius
Publisher: name: TU Ilmenau
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: lichtbasierte Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle
subject: LED-Display
subject: 621.3

description: Situationen im innerstädtischen Straßenverkehr, in denen die Vorfahrt nicht eindeutig geregelt ist, werden im Allgemeinen als Pattsituation bezeichnet. Zur Lösung dieser Situationen durch Verzicht sind die Beteiligten, auch nach der StVO, angehalten, zu kommunizieren und sich untereinander zu verständigen. Hierfür erlernte Kommunikationsmethoden, wie Blickkontakt oder Gesten, entfallen bei einem autonomen Fahrzeug, in dem die Fahrzeuginsassen ausschließlich Passagiere sind. Eine lichtbasierte Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle soll diese sich auftuende Lücke schließen. Ein möglicher Ansatz hierfür ist ein LED-Display, das an der Fahrzeugfront montiert wird. Zur Kommunikation werden verschiedene Inhalte, wie Formen, Text oder Symbole angezeigt. Daraus ergeben sich einige Herausforderungen, wie beispielsweise die Sichtbarkeit der angezeigten Inhalte in verschiedenen Situationen, unabhängig der Umgebungshelligkeit. Aus diesem Grund wird die Sichtbarkeit der Darstellung auf dem Display unter dem Einfluss verschiedener Störgrößen wie Fremdlicht oder Winkelabhängigkeit überprüft und das Display dahingehend im realen Umfeld charakterisiert. Weiter wird abgeschätzt, ob eine Eignung des Displays als Kommunikationsschnittstelle generell möglich ist. Erkenntnisse für den Betrieb im realen Umfeld wurden daraus abgeleitet und Anforderungen formuliert.
description: Lux junior 2024: 17. Internationales Forum für den lichttechnischen Nachwuchs, 6. – 8. September 2024, Ilmenau : Tagungsband, p. 83
Race and COVID-19 among Social Workers in Health Settings: Physical, Mental Health, Personal Protective Equipment, and Financial Stressors
Creators: name: Ruth, Betty J
name: Zelnick, Jennifer
name: Cederbaum, Julie
name: de Saxe Zerden, Lisa
name: Guan, Ting
name: Ross, Abigail M
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2023

description:
Social work is an essential workforce integral to the United States' public health infrastructure and response to COVID-19. To understand stressors among frontline social workers during COVID-19, a cross-sectional study of U.S-based social workers (N = 1,407) in health settings was collected (in June through August 2020). Differences in outcome domains (health, mental health, personal protective equipment [PPE] access, financial stress) were examined by workers' demographics and setting. Ordinal logistic, multinomial, and linear regressions were conducted. Participants reported moderate or severe physical (57.3 percent) and mental (58.3 percent) health concerns; 39.3 percent expressed PPE access concerns. Social workers of color were more likely to report significantly higher levels of concern across all domains. Those identifying as Black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI), multiracial, or Hispanic/Latinx were over 50 percent more likely to experience either moderate or severe physical health concerns, 60 percent more likely to report severe mental health concerns, and over 30 percent more likely to report moderate PPE access concerns. The linear regression model was significantly associated with higher levels of financial stress for social workers of color. COVID-19 has exposed racial and social injustices that that hold true for social workers in health settings. Improved social systems are critical not just for those impacted by COVID-19, but also for the protection and sustainability of the current and future workforce responding to COVID-19.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Fluorenyl Cations at Cryogenic Temperatures
Creators: name: Greis, Kim
name: Kirschbaum, Carla
name: Ober, Katja
name: Taccone, Martin I.
name: Torres-Boy, America Y.
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Pagel, Kevin
name: Helden, Gert Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Absorption
subject: Cations
subject: Infrared light
subject: Infrared spectroscopy
subject: Ions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The notion of (anti)aromaticity is a successful concept in chemistry to explain the structure and stability of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Cyclopentadienyl and fluorenyl cations are among the most studied classical antiaromatic systems. In this work, fluorenyl cations are investigated by high-resolution gas-phase infrared spectroscopy in helium droplets. Bare fluorenyl cations are generated in the gas phase by electrospray ionization. After mass-to-charge selection, ions are captured in ultracold helium nanodroplets and probed by infrared spectroscopy using a widely tunable free-electron laser in the 600–1700 cm–1 range. The highly resolved cryogenic infrared spectra confirm, in combination with DFT computations, that all cations are present in their singlet states.
Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
Creators: name: Biurrun, Idoia
name: Pielech, Remigiusz
name: Dembicz, Iwona
name: Gillet, Francois
name: Kozub, Łukasz
name: Marcenò, Corrado
name: Reitalu, Triin
name: Meerbeek, Koenraad Van
name: Guarino, Riccardo
name: May, Felix
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: benchmark
subject: bryophyte
subject: fine-grain biodiversity
subject: grassland
subject: GrassPlot Diversity Explorer
subject: lichen
subject: open habitat
subject: Palaearctic
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Aims Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.