cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cooling of young neutron stars and dark gauge bosons
Creators: name: Hong, Deog Ki
name: Shin, Chang Sub
name: Yun, Seokhoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard cooling scenario in the presence of nucleon superfluidity fits rather well to the observation of the neutron stars. It implies that the stellar cooling arguments could place a stringent constraint on the properties of novel particles. We study in particular the cooling rate induced by dark gauge bosons for very young neutron stars: remnants of Cassiopeia A and SN1987A. The cooling is dominantly contributed either by the nucleon pair breaking and formation in the core or by the electron bremsstrahlung in the crust, depending on the age of the stars and the form of the couplings. We compute how much the cooling curve of the young neutron stars could be modified by the extra dark gauge boson emission and obtain the bound for the dark gauge boson when its mass is lower than $\mathcal{O}(0.1)\,{\rm MeV}$; for the dark photon we find the mixing parameter times its mass $\varepsilon m_{γ^\prime} < 1.5 \times 10^{-8}\,{\rm MeV}$ and for the ${\rm U}(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson its coupling to nucleons and electrons $e^\prime < 10^{-13}$. We also discuss the possibility that the rapid cooling of Cas A might provide a hint for the existence of the ${\rm U}(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures; v2: references added, more clarifications; v3: to add the explicit expressions for emissivity and to clarify a hint for dark gauge bosons
Path independent integrals to identify localized plastic events in two dimensions
Creators: name: Talamali, Mehdi
name: Petäjä, Viljo
name: Vandembroucq, Damien
name: Roux, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a power expansion representation of plane elasticity complex potentials due to Kolossov and Muskhelishvili, to compute the elastic fields induced by a localized plastic deformation event. Far from its center, the dominant contributions correspond to first order singularities of quadrupolar and dipolar symmetry which can be associated respectively to pure deviatoric and pure volumetric plastic strain of an equivalent circular inclusion. Constructing holomorphic functions from the displacement field and its derivatives, it is possible to define path independent Cauchy integrals which capture the amplitudes of these singularities. Analytical expressions and numerical tests on simple finite element data are presented. The development of such numerical tools is of direct interest for the identification of local structural reorganizations which are believed to be the key mechanisms for plasticity of amorphous materials.
Constraint on phase transition with the multimessenger data of neutron stars
Creators: name: Tang, Shao-Peng
name: Jiang, Jin-Liang
name: Gao, Wei-Hong
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Wei, Da-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equation of state (EoS) of the neutron star (NS) matter remains an enigma. In this work we perform the Bayesian parameter inference with the gravitational wave data (GW170817) and mass-radius observations of some NSs (PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0437-4715, and 4U 1702-429) using the phenomenologically constructed EoS models to search for a potential first-order phase transition. Our phenomenological EoS models take the advantages of current widely used parametrizing methods, which are flexible enough to resemble various theoretical EoS models. We find that the current observation data are still not informative enough to support/rule out phase transition, due to the comparable evidences for models with and without phase transition. However, the bulk properties of the canonical $1.4\,M_\odot$ NS and the pressure at around $2ρ_{\rm sat}$ are well constrained by the data, where $ρ_{\rm sat}$ is the nuclear saturation density. Moreover, strong phase transition at low densities is disfavored, and the $1σ$ lower bound of transition density is constrained to $1.84ρ_{\rm sat}$.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, published in PRD
Marburger Beiträge zur Archäologie der Kelten
Creators: name: Haffner, A.
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Marburger Beiträge zur Archäologie der Kelten. Festschrift für Wolfgang Dehn zum 60. Geburtstag am 6. Juli 1969. Hrsg. von Otto-Herman Frey. Fundberichte aus Hessen, Beiheft 1 (Bonn 1969). 327 Seiten, 105 Textabbildungen, 9 Tabellen und 28 Tafeln
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
Development offsets for ecosystem services in a rural residential development context: issues for the Murrindindi Shire application
Creators: name: Coggan, Anthea
name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Collins, Drew
name: Coggan, Anthea
name: Whitten, Stuart M.
name: Collins, Drew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Rural residential development
subject: development offset,
subject: market based instrument
subject: design

description: Rural residential development could have a positive or negative effect on the supply of ecosystem services. In most cases, the effect tends to be negative. One way of managing the impact is through a market based instrument. In this paper we present a development offset MBI as a way of cost effectively managing the ecosystem service impact of development in the Murrindindi Shire, Victoria. In this paper we note that design of the instrument is critical to the success of any MBI, including development offsets. Key development offset design issues discussed in this paper include defining what is traded (the metric), facilitating trades in a thin marketplace with high transaction costs, and ensuring the offset is commensurate with the impact.
Konrad Spindler, Magdalenenberg I
Creators: name: Joachim, Hans-Eckart
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Konrad Spindler, Magdalenenberg I. Der hallstattzeitliche Fürstengrabhügel bei Villingen im Schwarzwald. 1. Bd. Villingen 1971. 116 Seiten, 18 Textabbildungen, 82 Tafeln, 2 Beilagen
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
Calibration of the chaos spectrometer for small scattering angles
Creators: name: Jamieson, Blair Alex
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: For measurements of pion-nucleon scattering in the Coulomb-Nuclear Interference (CNI) region, it is implicit that we are looking at small scattering angles. At small scattering angles the in-plane (x,y coordinate) scattering angle is not the true scattering angle. Since the Canadian High Acceptance Orbit Spectrometer (CHAOS) has a vertical extent of plus or minus seven degrees, an in-plane scattering angle of zero degrees could, i n three dimensions, be seven degrees. The CHAOS detector's out-of-plane (z coordinate) information comes from three wire chambers: wire chamber one ( W C l ) cathode strips and anode wires, wire chamber two (WC2) cathode strips and anode wires, and wire chamber four's (WC4) two resistive wires. The out-of-plane information from WC4 requires a fringe field correction, because it lies outside the uniform magnetic field of CHAOS. The fringe field of CHAOS acts like a lens, in that it has a slight focusing effect on charged particles. The fringe field correction moves the WC4 (x,y,z) data point so that it is on the linear object ray. In this paper I will present the model for the fringe field correction. I will explain how the three dimensional scattering angle resolution was determined, and as the final test of the scattering angle I will present the cross-section for fiC scattering, obtained using CHAOS data.
Parametric invariant Random Matrix Model and the emergence of multifractality
Creators: name: Mendez-Bermudez, J. A.
name: Kottos, Tsampikos
name: Cohen, Doron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a random matrix modeling for the parametric evolution of eigenstates. The model is inspired by a large class of quantized chaotic systems. Its unique feature is having parametric invariance while still possessing the non-perturbative crossover that has been discussed by Wigner 50 years ago. Of particular interest is the emergence of an additional crossover to multifractality.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, expanded version
Evaluation on HYV of Pulse crops in Myanmar
Creators: name: Thaung, Nyein Nyein
name: Choi, Kyu Seob
name: Thaung, Nyein Nyein
name: Choi, Kyu Seob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Myanmar agriculture
subject: High yielding variety
subject: supply response function
subject: Myanmar pulses
subject: decomposition model

description: This paper shows the evaluation on HYV of pulse crops in Myanmmar. This system is evaluated based on growth decomposition model. The result of the area response function showed that the price of pulses was significant factor affecting farmers' land allocation decisions. The price of pulses and fertilizer, however, not affected output by influencing the utilization of inputs and hence, crop yield. The results of the area and yield response functions are consistent with the hypothesis of the study. The contribution of technology variables on changes in area, yield, and production will estimate by applying a decomposition model. The result showed that the adoption of HYVs and the increase in nitrogen use were the predominant sources of growth in pulses production.
Re-examining the economic options for import risk assessments
Creators: name: Adamson, David
name: Cook, David C.
name: Adamson, David
name: Cook, David C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Biosecurity
subject: pest management
subject: import risk analysis
subject: uncertainty

description: The economic impacts of altering quarantine policies are divided into two main areas: trade evaluations, utilising a partial equilibrium approach to determine the benefits of market liberalisation; or pest management economics, used to determine the on-ground impacts of introduced species. This paper rationalises why these approaches need to be brought together within the policy framework of import risk assessments to provide a greater understanding of the benefits and risks from market liberalisation.
Dimensional Expressivity Analysis of Parametric Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Funcke, Lena
name: Hartung, Tobias
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kühn, Stefan
name: Stornati, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parametric quantum circuits play a crucial role in the performance of many variational quantum algorithms. To successfully implement such algorithms, one must design efficient quantum circuits that sufficiently approximate the solution space while maintaining a low parameter count and circuit depth. In this paper, we develop a method to analyze the dimensional expressivity of parametric quantum circuits. Our technique allows for identifying superfluous parameters in the circuit layout and for obtaining a maximally expressive ansatz with a minimum number of parameters. Using a hybrid quantum-classical approach, we show how to efficiently implement the expressivity analysis using quantum hardware, and we provide a proof of principle demonstration of this procedure on IBM's quantum hardware. We also discuss the effect of symmetries and demonstrate how to incorporate or remove symmetries from the parametrized ansatz.
description: 37 pages, 13 figures, journal version
Ludwig Pauli, Die Golasecca-Kultur und Mitteleuropa
Creators: name: Joachim, Hans-Eckart
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Ludwig Pauli, Die Golasecca-Kultur und Mitteleuropa. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Handels über die Alpen. Hamburger Beiträge zur Archäologie Bd. I, H. 1 (Hamburg 1971). 58 Seiten, 2 Textabbildungen, 12 Listen u. 13 Karten
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
ZAMONAVIY PEDAGOGIKANING KONTSEPTUAL ASOSINI TIZIMLASHTIRISHNING DOLZARBLIGI
Creators: name: Otajanov, Islom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur tezis pedagogika faoliyatda ilmiy faktlarni to'plash, pedagogikaning konseptual asosini tizimlashtirining nazariy tushuncha va asoslari haqida fikr-mulohazalar yuritiladi.  Shuningdek, turli xil tadqiqotlar natijalarini yaxlit, to'liq qonli ilmiy yo'nalishga birlashtira oladigan insonga yo'naltirilgan tizimli-sinergetik metodologiya taklif etiladi.
Arabela Field Materials
Creators: name: Jumbo Rosero, Manuela
name: Pacaya Torrejón, Alfredo
name: Pastor Rosero, Edgar
name: Pastor Rosero, Nelly
name: Rosero Menacho, América
name: Rosero Menacho, Zoila
name: Rosero Vásquez, Ester
name: Vásquez Torres, Rosa
name: Wauters, Vivian
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2019

description: Audio recordings primarily of grammatical and lexical elicitation, with some stories and conversations; field notes; FLEx database
title: A duration approach for the measurement of biometric risks in life insurance
title: Ein Durationsansatz für die Messung biometrischer Risiken in der Lebensversicherung
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Radermacher, Marius
name: Recht, Peter
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Duration measure
subject: Biometric risk
subject: Forward rates
subject: Biometric duration
subject: 330

description: Duration concepts are standard methods for measuring interest rate risks of portfolios, liabilities or other cash flows. Macaulay duration, effective duration and key-rate duration are widely used in practice according to different types of yield curves. In this paper, we will present a formulation for a forward rate duration measure by using multi-dimensional Taylor series approximation. It allows to measure the interest rate risk based on arbitrary forward rates. This approach can easily be adopted for biometric risk management, allowing the definition of a biometric duration. The biometric duration will be applied to actuarial present values of premiums and benefits as well as the actuarial reserve to quantify the corresponding biometric risk. It proves to be an easy-to-use tool in the actuarial practise.
description: Durationskonzepte zählen zu den Standardmethoden bei der Messung von Zinsänderungsrisiken von Zahlungsreihen. In der Praxis werden häufig die Macaulay-Duration, die effektive Duration und die Key-Rate-Duration, entsprechend ihrer zugrundeliegenden Zinskurven, angewendet. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine Formulierung für eine Forward-Rate-Duration unter Verwendung einer mehrdimensionalen Taylor- Reihenentwicklung vor. Sie ermöglicht die Messung des Zinsänderungsrisikos auf der Grundlage beliebiger Terminzinsen. Dieser Ansatz lässt sich leicht auf die Messung biometrischer Risiken anwenden und ermöglicht die Definition einer biometrischen Duration. Die biometrische Duration wird auf die versicherungsmathematischen Barwerte der Prämien und Leistungen sowie auf die Deckungsrückstellung zur Quantifizierung des entsprechenden biometrischen Risikos angewendet. Es erweist sich als ein Instrument, das auf einfache Art und Weise in der aktuariellen Praxis angewendet werden kann.
description: ZVersWiss;108(3-4)
Sample size calculations for single-arm survival studies using transformations of the Kaplan-Meier estimator
Creators: name: Nagashima, Kengo
name: Noma, Hisashi
name: Sato, Yasunori
name: Gosho, Masahiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62N03, 62P10

description: In single-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes, the Kaplan-Meier estimator and its confidence interval are widely used to assess survival probability and median survival time. Since the asymptotic normality of the Kaplan-Meier estimator is a common result, the sample size calculation methods have not been studied in depth. An existing sample size calculation method is founded on the asymptotic normality of the Kaplan-Meier estimator using the log transformation. However, the small sample properties of the log transformed estimator are quite poor in small sample sizes (which are typical situations in single-arm trials), and the existing method uses an inappropriate standard normal approximation to calculate sample sizes. These issues can seriously influence the accuracy of results. In this paper, we propose alternative methods to determine sample sizes based on a valid standard normal approximation with several transformations that may give an accurate normal approximation even with small sample sizes. In numerical evaluations via simulations, some of the proposed methods provided more accurate results, and the empirical power of the proposed method with the arcsine square-root transformation tended to be closer to a prescribed power than the other transformations. These results were supported when methods were applied to data from three clinical trials.
description: 22 pages
Accidents at Median Crossovers
Creators: name: Garner, Gordon R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Safety improvements are often controversial subjects, especially when the subject is highways. Judgments must be made weighing lives and injuries against the hard realities of financing the construction and maintenance of highway systems. Median crossovers on rural and urban freeways and expressways are controversial design features. State police and maintenance forces claim that median crossovers are necessary and essential for their work and that more frequent location of crossovers is desirable. Engineers involved with highway safety maintain that crossovers create accidents, are not necessary, and should be eliminated. When working on an accident study evaluating median type, it became obvious that at times median crossovers were causing frequent accidents, especially in some locations and certain situations.  Crossovers are locations on controlled access roadways where emergency and maintenance vehicles can cross the median to change their direction of travel. However, the motoring public also finds crossovers convenient for their use, even though the maneuver is illegal. This creates an accident producing situation. Accidents at median crossovers involving U-turning vehicles accounted for up to 25 percent of the total accidents on several road sections during some years investigated in this study. For a four year period involving the majority of toll roads and interstate roads in Kentucky, an average of five percent of all accidents were caused by vehicles using median crossovers.  The purpose of this study was to analyze existing crossover locations, usage, and accidents so as to develop criteria on the necessity for and the location of median crossovers. Primarily, three sources of information were used. An inventory of existing crossover locations was obtained to determine the prevailing philosophy, if any, on crossover locations. Secondly, a comprehensive analysis of U-turn accidents at median crossovers was performed. The accident analysis included special study of roads where U-turn accidents were most prevalent. To evaluate crossover usage, interviews were conducted with district highway engineers and questionnaires were given to all state police who patrol interstate or toll roads in Kentucky. The questionnaire also provided an opportunity for the state police to express their opinions concerning the location and necessity for crossovers.
LAND OWNERSHIP: NEW DEMOGRAPHICS, NEW INFORMATION SYSTEM (APPLICATION OF LAND OWNERSHIP STUDIES TO KENT COUNTY, MICHIGAN)
Creators: name: Visscher, Jack E.
name: Visscher, Jack E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Land use policy unquestionably requires information about land ownership. During the Congressional debate on the Land Use Policy and Planning Assistance Act of 1972, Senator Henry Jackson of Washington recognized the need for land ownership information when he said: "Rational land use planning would be impossible without knowledge of patterns of land ownership within a given area." (1) Yet this information is not generally available for the planning process. Senator Jackson also said: "It seems not only probable, but inevitable that, among the many other benefits of this legislation, the country may expect to obtain fairly soon a system of identifying and classifying the ownership and control of land..." (2) His prediction has not come to pass. This report is essentially a paper on rural land ownership information. It describes the need for land ownership information, specifies the elements of land ownership that are essential to a land ownership study, and proposes a land ownership information system for Kent County, Michigan as a example of its application. The objectives of this report are: (1) To provide the rationale for studies of land ownership; and (2) To provide a systematic approach for gathering data on land ownership.
Early Iron Age Art in Wales
Creators: name: Driehaus, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Early Iron Age Art in Wales. Hrsg. vom National Museum of Wales. Cardiff 1968. 27 Seiten, 31 Abbildungen
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
UTILITY, PROBABILITY, AND THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS
Creators: name: Shwedel, S. Kenneth
name: Shwedel, S. Kenneth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The decision to adopt an innovation is seen as dependent upon the farmer's perception of: 1) the possible return from the innovation; and 2) the probability that that possibility will, indeed, be realized. The institution's role is to provide information concerning the innovation and facilitate the acquisition of any additional and/or new inputs which would be required to utilize the innovation. If the institution is perceived by the farmer as being unreliable, he will discount the information and the promise of additional inputs to be made by the institution. This, in turn, would lower the expected value to be received from adopting the innovation. It is possible that the farmer's distrust of the institution will be such that the expected value will be so low that adoption will not take place. The results of a study of small farmers in Cartagena, Costa Rica are reviewed. It is shown that there is a positive relationship between adoption of an innovation and trust in the institutions involved. This paper concludes that investments in improving institutional capabilities are advocated as they will lead to better institutional performances (increased adoption of practices by farmers).
The near-IR luminosity-metallicity relation of dwarf irregular galaxies
Creators: name: Saviane, Ivo
name: Held, Enrico V.
name: Ivanov, Valentin
name: Alloin, Danielle
name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Rizzi, Luca
name: Momany, Yazan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the recent developments of our long-term investigation of the near-IR luminosity-metallicity relation for dwarf irregular galaxies in nearby groups. A very well-defined relation is emerging from our observational database, and a preliminary discussion of its implications is given.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the IAU Coll. 198, "Near-Field Cosmology With Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies", ed. B. Binggeli and H. Jerjen
Han's conjecture for bounded extensions
Creators: name: Cibils, Claude
name: Lanzilotta, Marcelo
name: Marcos, Eduardo N.
name: Solotar, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G25, 16E40, 16E30, 18G15

description: Let $B\subset A$ be a left or right bounded extension of finite dimensional algebras. We use the Jacobi-Zariski long nearly exact sequence to show that $B$ satisfies Han's conjecture if and only if $A$ does, regardless if the extension splits or not. We provide conditions ensuring that an extension by arrows and relations is left or right bounded. Finally we give a structure result for extensions of an algebra given by a quiver and admissible relations, and examples of non split left or right bounded extensions.
description: Updated version. We have replaced the misleading "smooth algebra" by the standard "algebra of finite global dimension". The Appendix is now incorporated in a more direct and shorter form at Section 5
EDUCATION AND POVERTY IN MICHIGAN
Creators: name: Jessup, Gerald O.
name: Jessup, Gerald O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: In the United States as a whole, 21.4% of the families have incomes below $3,000 while in Michigan, only 15.7% fall below this line. Poverty in Michigan is definitely not as severe as that which exists in many states of the deep South and in Appalachia. In Michigan, there are about 314,000 families or 1,256,000 people who have incomes or live in families with incomes below $3,000 per year. The poor exist in every county of every state. Poverty for the purposes of discussion was defined as existing when a family of four had an income of $3,000 or less. Seven hypotheses describing the relationship between lack of resources and poverty were considered. One of these is the relationship between poor educational systems and low income. This relationship was the main focus of the last part of the paper. Since the author of this paper did not feel that one variable could adequately explain all poverty, he stated how the relationship between low income and poor educational system fit into a circular description of the causes of poverty. Issues discussed which are relevant to the education of the poor and that are likely to cause problems when implementing any program in this area are as follows: 1. Are those left behind the less able and intelligent? 2. There is some doubt about the ability of compensatory education to do the job, the results have been discouraging to date. 3. Should the nation educate the boxed in or should they be put on income maintenance programs? 4. Should the nation through education programs force upon people ideas they don't want to accept?
A Preliminary Evaluation of Mounds to Divert Wayward Vehicles Away from Rigid Obstructions
Creators: name: Garner, Gordon R.
name: Venable, J. B.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: In the summer of 1965, the first fatality report involving an interstate median bridge pier in Kentucky caused concern among state and national officials for the safety of motorists who perchance or otherwise enter upon a collision course toward an unprotected bridge pier. A consensus of opinion seemed to indicate that some form of attenuation or deflection device was necessary.  Early innovations employed various short guardrail configurations to deflect wayward vehicles from the piers. The use of small, short sections has since evolved until present methods include surrounding the bridge pier with several hundred feet of guardrail, including ramped-end treatment (see Figure 1). The use of guardrail has not been questioned from the standpoint of safety design, yet some effort has been applied by Kentucky and other states to finding an alternative approach.  From these efforts, the use of mounds to decelerate and deflect vehicles originated. It was thought that this design concept was consistent with current safety developments as well as being an economical treatment of the problem, since most of the work involved in constructing the mound can be done during grade and drain construction using natural materials available on location. These mounds have since been constructed on certain interstate projects and on all bridge locations of the Jackson Purchase (51.4 miles) and Pennyrile (56.6 miles) Parkways in Kentucky. Having found no records of accidents involving these mounds in the interim, there has been no substantial means of evaluating the effectiveness of this innovation in preventing or reducing the severity of collisions with bridge piers. Consequently, it was decided that low speed excursions over a mound might provide a basis for evaluation.  The Division of Research made a series of driver-controlled traverses at low speeds on a typical site constructed on a 60-foot median. The purpose of this report is to summarize the results obtained from these initial, low-speed tests and, in so doing, attempt to make some determination of the reliability of this particular type of earthwork. It is anticipated that these low-speed tests will be supplemented eventually by testing at higher speeds, using some form of remote guidance system in place of the human driver. Also, it must be emphasized that conclusions drawn from this report apply only to low-speed encroachments. Additional effects which may be encountered during high-speed testing can only be hypothesized at this time.
AN ANALYSIS OF COMMON-POOL-RESOURCE IN AN INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS FRAMEWORK: EVIDENCE FROM TANK IRRIGATION AND GROUP-OWNED WELLS IN SOUTH INDIA
Creators: name: Singh, Meenu
name: Singh, Meenu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Tanks are man made reservoirs formed by putting crescent shaped earth embankments across the drainage flow to capture and store heavy runoff from concentrated monsoon rainfall. Tank water reaches fields by gravity flow through sluices. Tanks, which were once the largest form of irrigation in South India have declined in importance and are in state of disrepair. This paper synthesizes the disparate strands of thoughts prevailing in the Common Pool Resource literature while analyzing tank and well irrigation in South India. Particular attention is given to the fact that tanks are a part of the village 'public domain' through which social relations are articulated, reproduced and challenged (Mosse, 1997). Group Owned Wells are discussed as an alternative, though they do share some common features with other CPR's. Findings suggest that social norms and peer pressure are effective in facilitating cooperation in managing the irrigation wells.
J. V. S. Megaw, Art of the European Iron Age
Creators: name: Driehaus, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: J. V. S. Megaw, Art of the European Iron Age. A Study of the Elusive Image (Bath/Somerset 1970). 195 Seiten, 306 Abbildungen in Autotypien, 17 Textabbildungen, 1 Verbreitungskarte
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
ESTIMATING THE OPPORTUNITY COST OF LABOR IN PROJECT ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE STUDIES: A CRITIQUE AND APPLICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DISEQUILIBRIUM
Creators: name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This study presents a critical analysis of procedures currently used to estimate the opportunity costs of unskilled labor in developing countries. The issue is particularly germane today. Economic analysis is playing an increasingly important role in most developing country agricultural and industrial production. Many labor markets, however, remain relatively thin and subject to a variety of market distortions which render the job of the economic analyst extremely difficult. In light of these conditions, this research aims to accomplish the following three objectives: 1) To critically evaluate methods currently used for estimating opportunity costs of labor and the adherence of these methods to the underlying dictates of economic theory; 2) To present an empirical case study which examines the problems of opportunity cost estimation and the sensitivity of the estimates to selected assumptions and estimation techniques; 3) To discuss the methodological problems which highly sensitive labor estimates pose for interpretation of economic analyses, and to suggest means of responding to these problems.
Contratos con Referencias a Competidores (CRC) : Referencias contractuales a terceros y restricciones a la competencia = Contracts with References To Competitors (CRC) : Contractual references to third parties and restrains on competition
Creators: name: Marcos, Francisco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Contratos
Referencias a competidores
Defensa de la competencia
Precio
Distribución comercial
Contracts
References to competitors
Competition
Antitrust
Price
Commercial distribution

description: Este artículo examina la problemática jurídica que suscitan las cláusulas contractuales que contienen referencias a terceros, en particular, las que aluden a competidores o rivales de las partes contratantes para regular distintos aspectos de la relación contractual. La utilización de este tipo de cláusulas se ha multiplicado con el desarrollo de los mercados plataforma y el comercio digital en internet. Tras analizar la lógica económica que suele inspirar estos términos contractuales, particularmente sobre el precio, se consideran aquéllos supuestos en los que las circunstancias relativas a los bienes/servicios objeto de contrato y la posición de las partes contratantes en el mercado pueden hacer que estas cláusulas tengan un impacto negativo en el bienestar social y se consideren ilícitas. This article examines the legal problems raised by contracts that contain references to third parties; in particular, those clauses that refer to competitors or rivals of the contracting parties to regulate different aspects of the contractual relationship. The use of this type of clause has multiplied with the development of platform markets and digital commerce. After analyzing the economic logic that usually inspires these contractual terms, particularly regarding the price, we consider those assumptions in which the circumstances related to the goods/services under contract and the position of the contracting parties in the market can make these clauses have a negative impact on social welfare and are considered illegal.
Nontangential and probabilistic boundary behavior of pluriharmonic functions
Creators: name: Tanner, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J45, 32A40 (Primary) 60J65 (Secondary)

description: Let $u$ be a pluriharmonic function on the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. I consider the relationship between the set of points $L_u$ on the boundary of the ball at which $u$ converges nontangentially and the set of points $\mathcal{L}_u$ at which $u$ converges along conditioned Brownian paths. For harmonic functions $u$ of two variables, the result $L_u\stackrel{\mathrm{a.e.}}{=}\mathcal{L}_u$ has been known for some time, as has a counterexample to the same equality for three variable harmonic functions. I extend the $L_u\stackrel{\mathrm{a.e.}}{=}\mathcal{L}_u$ result to pluriharmonic functions in arbitrary dimensions.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000188 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
2D Raman-THz spectroscopy of binary CHBr3-MeOH solvent mixture
Creators: name: Shalit, A.
name: Mousavi, S. J.
name: Hamm, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid two-dimensional (2D) Raman-terahertz spectroscopy is used to measure the interactions between two solvents pair in the binary CHBr3-MeOH mixture in the frequency range of 1-7 THz. Changes in the cross peak signature are monitored, originating from the coupling of an intramolecular bending mode of CHBr3 to the collective intermolecular degrees of freedom of the mixture. The appearance of a new cross peak in the 2D spectrum measured for solvent mixture with MeOH molar fraction of 0.3 indicates a coupling to a new set of low-frequency modes formed due to the hydrogen bond interactions between the two solvents. This interpretation is supported by the measurement of the CHBr3-CS2 binary solvent mixture as well as by 1D absorption measurements of neat MeOH.
RICE POLICIES AND PRIORITIES IN MAURITANIA
Creators: name: Fall, Oumar
name: Fall, Oumar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: If there is an economic crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa, as is now generally accepted by the worldwide community, Mauritania falls in the category of most severely affected countries. The most severe consequence of the crisis has been the death of thousands of people from starvation, in Mauritania and elsewhere. Domestic policy issues have been singled out by Eicher in his "Africa's Food Crisis" as being at the heart of the problem. In search of solutions, governments have failed to consider population growth and "agrarian socialism" as possible sources of their problem. Based on the conclusions of most reports, the governments' search procedure for courses of action might best be described as one of "tatonnement,' or trial-and-error experimentation. The colonial legacy, the drought cycle, and migration are cited in the literature as the major causes of the African economic crisis. Whether these arguments hold or not, a famine has occurred in much of Western Africa, and that is a fact. How the famine came about and how it has been perpetrated is still subject to investigation. Overall, the intellectual community seems to agree upon the existence of a self-sustaining agriculture on the eve of the independence era. This agriculture was characterized as rudimentary, but granaries were never empty. Rarely in the past did people starve. Why should the post-independence period be distinguished by so many failures: 1) a negative growth rate of agricultural production; 2) an increasing foreign exchange deficit; and 3) desertification and general environmental degradation. A glance at selected economic indicators suggests that the negative trends will continue if appropriate actions are not taken at once.
Margarita Primas, Die südschweizerischen Grabfunde der älteren Eisenzeit und ihre Chronologie
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Gernot
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Margarita Primas, Die südschweizerischen Grabfunde der älteren Eisenzeit und ihre Chronologie. Monographien zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Schweiz Band 16. Basel 1970. 156 Seiten mit 36 Abbildungen im Text und 54 Tafeln, davon 5 Verbreitungskarten
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
THE MARKET FOR BROILERS THROUGH FAST-FOOD OUTLETS IN VENEZUELA
Creators: name: Gomez, Jose E.
name: Gomez, Jose E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: PROAGRO is the leading firm in the broiler business in Venezuela. It is integrated through hatchery, grow-out, processing and distribution activities. As a consequence of strict price regulation policies enforced by the government in the poultry products, PROAGRO experienced serious injury to its profitability over the last few years. The most severe regulations were applied to PROAGRO's chief product (whole, ready-to-cook broiler with feet and giblets incorporated in the body cavity); therefore, PROAGRO's management has concentrated research efforts to find alternative ways to increase sales of products with larger margins through the most profitable distribution channels. At the present time the distribution channel with the biggest margin for broilers is through the restaurants specializing in broilers. PROAGRO sells 8 percent of its products to this kind of establishment, but recent efforts to increase distribution in these channels have had limited success due to intense competition from other poultry firms. An alternate way to increase broiler sales through "away-from-home" channels would be through an owned (or controlled) chain operation with high sales volume per unit. To accomplish this it would be necessary to offer faster service and lower prices of the products. These factors have been the basis of the fast-food concept developed successfully in the American market. This report will focus on the development of research methodology appropriate for (1) analyzing the Venezuelan market potential for fast-food poultry products and (2) evaluating PROAGRO's likelihood of increasing profits through entry into this business.
George Eogan, Catalogue of Irish Bronze Swords
Creators: name: Driehaus, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Rezension : George Eogan, Catalogue of Irish Bronze Swords. National Museum of Ireland (Dublin 1965) XXXIX und 190 Seiten, 2 Abbildungen im Text und 95 Tafeln, davon 9 Verbreitungskarten
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
Ratchet transport with subdiffusion
Creators: name: Denisov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model which incorporate the subdiffusive dynamics and the ratchet effect. Using a subordination ideology, we show that the resulting directed transport is sublinear, $ \simeq Jt^β$, $β< 1$. The proposed model may be relevant to a phenomenon of saltatory microbiological motility.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Peter Harbison, The Daggers and the Halberds of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland
Creators: name: Gerloff, S.
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Peter Harbison, The Daggers and the Halberds of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähistorische Bronzefunde VI 1. München 1969. 77 Seiten, 4 Textabbildungen, 27 Tafeln. - The Axes of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähistorische Bronzefunde IX 1. München 1969. 108 Seiten, 6 Textabbildungen, 81 Tafeln.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher
[Lexical elicitation]
Creators: name: Applegate, Richard B.
name: Ballard, Sarah
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: csi
subject: Bodega Miwok language

description: Elicitation sessions were held on and around April 15, 1974. See Miwok-sessions-RA-1974.pdf for the transcript of the recording sessions.
Autoencoder Watchdog Outlier Detection for Classifiers
Creators: name: Bui, Justin
name: Marks, Robert J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural networks have often been described as black boxes. A generic neural network trained to differentiate between kittens and puppies will classify a picture of a kumquat as a kitten or a puppy. An autoencoder watch dog screens trained classifier/regression machine input candidates before processing, e.g. to first test whether the neural network input is a puppy or a kitten. Preliminary results are presented using convolutional neural networks and convolutional autoencoder watchdogs using MNIST images.
description: 7 pages, 12 figures
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF AN EVALUATION OF PEASANT COLONISATION AND SETTLEMENT IN THE GAL OYA VALLEY OF CEYLON
Creators: name: Nanayakkara, Upali
name: Nanayakkara, Upali
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The main objective of this paper is to critically examine the GOPEC's evaluation of the peasant colonization segment of the GOV program, "the core of the problem that this committee was called upon to report". This examination is intended to ascertain whether the benefit-cost assessment of the GOPEC was, in fact, correctly executed, and to see whether the main policy conclusion of the GOPEC with regard to peasant colonization - that "policy makers take a long, hard look at the advisability of diverting resources to what is essentially a social welfare function in an economy where the greatest need is to maximize production" - follows from the GOPEC's analysis. The second objective is to determine whether benefit-cost analysis was adequate for providing guidelines for the formulation of national policies in regard to the strategy of agricultural development within Ceylon; more specifically, for the rejection of peasant colonization as a strategy of agricultural development, and to suggest a more appropriate framework for the evaluation of ongoing peasant colonization settlement projects in Ceylon.
title: Achicoria :
title: Directrices para la ejecución del examen de la distinción, la homogeneidad y la estabilidad.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Industrial Chicory
Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants

description: La finalidad de estas directrices (“directrices de examen”) es elaborar los principios que figuran en la Introducción General (documento TG/1/3) y sus documentos TGP conexos, con objeto de que sirvan de orientación práctica y detallada para el examen armonizado de la distinción, homogeneidad y estabilidad (DHE) y en particular, para identificar los caracteres apropiados para el examen DHE y producir descripciones armonizadas de variedades.
Joseph Bergmann, Die ältere Bronzezeit Nordwestdeutschlands
Creators: name: Tackenberg, Kurt
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Joseph Bergmann, Die ältere Bronzezeit Nordwestdeutschlands. Neue Methoden zur ethnisch-historischen Interpretation urgeschichtlicher Quellen. Kasseler Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Band 2, Teil A: Grab- und Hortfunde, Teil B: Die Formen. N. G. Elwert Verlag Marburg, 1970. Teil A: 109 Seiten, 14 Karten und 27 Tabellen; Teil B: 214 Seiten, 14 Tafeln, 112 Karten und 8 Tabellen
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 172.1972: Bonner Jahrbücher