cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Iterative Maximum Likelihood on Networks
Creators: name: Mossel, Elchanan
name: Tamuz, Omer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F99

description: We consider n agents located on the vertices of a connected graph. Each agent v receives a signal X_v(0)~N(s, 1) where s is an unknown quantity. A natural iterative way of estimating s is to perform the following procedure. At iteration t + 1 let X_v(t + 1) be the average of X_v(t) and of X_w(t) among all the neighbors w of v. In this paper we consider a variant of simple iterative averaging, which models "greedy" behavior of the agents. At iteration t, each agent v declares the value of its estimator X_v(t) to all of its neighbors. Then, it updates X_v(t + 1) by taking the maximum likelihood (or minimum variance) estimator of s, given X_v(t) and X_w(t) for all neighbors w of v, and the structure of the graph. We give an explicit efficient procedure for calculating X_v(t), study the convergence of the process as t goes to infinity and show that if the limit exists then it is the same for all v and w. For graphs that are symmetric under actions of transitive groups, we show that the process is efficient. Finally, we show that the greedy process is in some cases more efficient than simple averaging, while in other cases the converse is true, so that, in this model, "greed" of the individual agents may or may not have an adverse affect on the outcome. The model discussed here may be viewed as the Maximum-Likelihood version of models studied in Bayesian Economics. The ML variant is more accessible and allows in particular to show the significance of symmetry in the efficiency of estimators using networks of agents.
description: 13 pages, two figures
Thermodynamic Function of Life
Creators: name: Michaelian, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Darwinian Theory depicts life as being overwhelmingly consumed by a fight for survival in a hostile environment. However, from a thermodynamic perspective, life is a dynamic, out of equilibrium process, stabilizing and coevolving in concert with its abiotic environment. The living component of the biosphere of greatest mass, the plants and cyanobacteria, are involved in the transpiration of vast amounts of water. Transpiration is part of the global water cycle, and it is this cycle that distinguishes Earth from its apparently life barren neighboring planets, Venus and Mars. The water cycle, including the absorption of sunlight in the biosphere, is by far the greatest entropy producing process occurring on Earth. Life, from this perspective, can therefore be viewed as performing an important thermodynamic function; acting as a dynamic catalyst by aiding process such as the water cycle, hurricanes, and ocean and wind currents to produce entropy. The role of animals in this view is that of unwitting but dedicated servants of the plants and cyanobacteria, helping them to grow and to spread into initially inhospitable areas.
description: 19 pages, no figures, new evidences, new calculations, new references
วัคซีนโรตาไวรัส: การพัฒนาและการนำมาใช้ทางคลินิก
Creators: name: วิชัย สันติมาลีวรกุล และ ทศวรรณ จิตรวศินกุล
Publisher: name: คณะเภสัชศาสตร์ ม.ศิลปากร /โรงพิมพ์ ม.ศิลปากร
Year: 2552
Subjects: วัคซีนโรตาไวรัส, โรตาไวรัส, การพัฒนา, การนำมาใช้ทางคลินิก

description: 1( Jan-Dec), 2550, ไทยไภษัชยนิพนธ์
Estimating Redshifts for Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Xiao, Limin
name: Schaefer, Bradley E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are constructing a program to estimate the redshifts for GRBs from the original Swift light curves and spectra, aiming to get redshifts for the Swift bursts \textit{without} spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. We derive the luminosity indicators from the light curves and spectra of each burst, including the lag time between low and high photon energy light curves, the variability of the light curve, the peak energy of the spectrum, the number of peaks in the light curve, and the minimum rise time of the peaks. These luminosity indicators can each be related directly to the luminosity, and we combine their independent luminosities into one weighted average. Then with our combined luminosity value, the observed burst peak brightness, and the concordance redshift-distance relation, we can derive the redshift for each burst. In this paper, we test the accuracy of our method on 107 bursts with known spectroscopic redshift. The reduced $χ^2$ of our best redshifts ($z_{best}$) compared with known spectroscopic redshifts ($z_{spec}$) is 0.86, and the average value of $log_{10}(z_{best}/z_{spec})$ is 0.01, with this indicating that our error bars are good and our estimates are not biased. The RMS scatter of $log_{10}(z_{best}/z_{spec})$ is 0.26. For Swift bursts measured over a relatively narrow energy band, the uncertainty in determining the peak energy is one of the main restrictions on our accuracy. Although the accuracy of our $z_{best}$ values are not as good as that of spectroscopic redshifts, it is very useful for demographic studies, as our sample is nearly complete and the redshifts do not have the severe selection effects associated with optical spectroscopy.
description: The Astrophysical Journal accepted
RacketStore: Measurements of ASO Deception in Google Play via Mobile and App Usage
Creators: name: Hernandez, Nestor
name: Recabarren, Ruben
name: Carbunar, Bogdan
name: Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online app search optimization (ASO) platforms that provide bulk installs and fake reviews for paying app developers in order to fraudulently boost their search rank in app stores, were shown to employ diverse and complex strategies that successfully evade state-of-the-art detection methods. In this paper we introduce RacketStore, a platform to collect data from Android devices of participating ASO providers and regular users, on their interactions with apps which they install from the Google Play Store. We present measurements from a study of 943 installs of RacketStore on 803 unique devices controlled by ASO providers and regular users, that consists of 58,362,249 data snapshots collected from these devices, the 12,341 apps installed on them and their 110,511,637 Google Play reviews. We reveal significant differences between ASO providers and regular users in terms of the number and types of user accounts registered on their devices, the number of apps they review, and the intervals between the installation times of apps and their review times. We leverage these insights to introduce features that model the usage of apps and devices, and show that they can train supervised learning algorithms to detect paid app installs and fake reviews with an F1-measure of 99.72% (AUC above 0.99), and detect devices controlled by ASO providers with an F1-measure of 95.29% (AUC = 0.95). We discuss the costs associated with evading detection by our classifiers and also the potential for app stores to use our approach to detect ASO work with privacy.
Ο ρόλος του σχολείου στην ανίχνευση της παιδικής κακοποίησης
Creators: name: Αγγελή, Παρασκευή Κωνσταντίνου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Παιδική κακοποίηση, παραμέληση
Νομοθετικό πλαίσιο και δομές
Σχολείο, εκπαιδευτικοί
Child abuse,
Legislative framework and structures
School, teachers

description: Ο ρόλος του σχολείου στην ανίχνευση της παιδικής κακοποίησης είναι πολυδιάστατος και κομβικός ώστε να εξασφαλίσει τη σωματική και πνευματική ευημερία των παιδιών. Η παρούσα εργασία αναλύει τη σημασία της εμπλοκής του σχολείου στην αναγνώριση και αντιμετώπιση της βίας στα παιδιά μέσα από την παράθεση του σχετικού νομοθετικού πλαισίου αλλά και σε συνάρτηση με τις δομές που συμβάλλουν στην προστασία των κακοποιημένων παιδιών. Άλλωστε, τα δίκτυα συνεργασίας κρίνονται ιδιαίτερα σημαντικά για την επίτευξη του στόχου προστασίας των παιδιών, ενώ εξίσου σημαντικός θεωρείται και ο ρόλος του ίδιου του εκπαιδευτικού. Γι’ αυτό προτείνεται η σημασία της εκπαίδευσης των εκπαιδευτικών σε θέματα κακοποίησης παιδιών, προκειμένου να διαθέτουν τις κατάλληλες γνώσεις για να ανιχνεύσουν και να αντιμετωπίσουν περιστατικά βίας, τα οποία μπορεί να λάβουν χώρα και στο πλαίσιο του σχολείου. Γενικότερα, η εργασία αυτή αποσκοπεί να επισημάνει τον ρόλο του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος συνολικά στην αντιμετώπιση ή την πρόληψη της παιδικής κακοποίησης ή παραμέλησης, προτείνοντας πρακτικές ενεργοποίησης του ίδιου του σχολείου
description: The school's role in detecting child abuse is multi-dimensional and pivotal to ensure children's physical and mental well-being. This paper analyzes the importance of the involvement of the school in the recognition and treatment of violence against children through the citation of the relevant legislative framework but also in relation to the structures that contribute to the protection of abused children. After all, cooperation networks are considered particularly important for achieving the goal of protecting children, while the role of the teacher himself is considered equally important. That is why it is suggested the importance of training teachers on child abuse issues, in order to have the appropriate knowledge to detect and deal with incidents of violence, which may also take place within the school context. More generally, this work aims to highlight the role of the educational system as a whole in dealing with or preventing child abuse or neglect, by proposing activation practices of the school itself
Role of Lamjithang community forestry towards quality of life of the local people
Creators: name: Bhagat Suberi, Sittipong Dilokwanich
Publisher: name: คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community forest,Forest Management,forest product,quality of life

description: 3, 8, Environment and Natural Resources Journal
CCR5 antagonists: เป้าหมายใหม่ในการรักษาโรคเอดส์
Creators: name: บุรัสกร ทรัพย์สุวรรณ
name: พุทธิชัย สิริรวัฒนานุกูล และ เสริมสิริ แสงรุ่งเรื่อง
Publisher: name: คณะเภสัชศาสตร์ ม.ศิลปากร /โรงพิมพ์ ม.ศิลปากร
Year: 2552
Subjects: โรคเอดส์, HIV, CCR5 coreceptor, CCR5 antagonists

description: 1( Jan-Dec), 2550, ไทยไภษัชยนิพนธ์
Simplifying and Isolating Failure-Inducing Input: A Retrospective on Delta Debugging
Creators: name: Zeller, Andreas
name: Hildebrandt, Ralf
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2025

description: Delta Debugging is a technique to simplify and
isolate failure-inducing changes. Its most popular application
is on program inputs, where it reduces a failure-inducing input
to a minimal input that still triggers the failure. This paper
provides a retrospective on Delta Debugging, discussing its
origins, applications, and impact. We also discuss the limitations
of Delta Debugging and suggest directions for future research.
เทคนิค ICP-MS ในงานเภสัชวิเคราะห์ ICP-MS technique in pharmaceutical analysis
Creators: name: ลาวัลย์ ศรีพงษ์
Publisher: name: คณะเภสัชศาสตร์ ม.ศิลปากร /โรงพิมพ์ ม.ศิลปากร
Year: 2552
Subjects: ICP-MS, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Elemental analysis , งานเภสัชวิเคราะห์

description: 3( Jan-Dec), 2552, ไทยไภษัชยนิพนธ์
Measurements of the turbulent aerodynamic environment in road cycling
Creators: name: Haselgrove, Joshua
name: Kelso, Richard
name: Emes, Matthew
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2024

description: Engineering of Sport 15 - Proceedings from the 15th International Conference on the Engineering of Sport (ISEA 2024)
For the validity of wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, similarity parameters must be matched to accurately represent the aerodynamic environment. In cycling this not only means considering the Reynolds number, but also parameters such as surface roughness and upstream turbulence characteristics that are known to influence the flow around bluff bodies. Whilst the outdoor environment in which road cycling takes place is known to be highly turbulent, with intensities between 5 and 50%, the exact conditions experienced are not yet known. This is reflected in current wind tunnel and CFD analyses assessing cyclist and skinsuit aerodynamics where low turbulence flows are used with intensities in the order of 0.2 - 1.6%. To provide insight into the true aerodynamic environment present in road cycling, an instrumented bicycle has been developed and will be described alongside initial measurements of on-road turbulence.
Effect of Curvature on the Electronic Structure and Bound State Formation in Rolled-up Nanotubes
Creators: name: Ortix, Carmine
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the electronic properties of a two-dimensional electron gas rolled-up into a nanotube by both numerical and analytical techniques. The nature and the energy dispersion of the electronic quantum states strongly depend upon the geometric parameters of the nanotube: the typical radius of curvature and the number of windings. The effect of the curvature results in the appearance of atomic-like bound states localized near the points of maximum curvature. For a two-dimensional sheet rolled up into an Archimedean spiral we find that the number of bound states is equal to the number of windings of the spiral.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Influence Dynamics Among Narratives: A Case Study of the Venezuelan Presidential Crisis
Creators: name: Aravamudan, Akshay
name: Zhang, Xi
name: Song, Jihye
name: Fiore, Stephen M.
name: Anagnostopoulos, Georgios C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is widely understood that diffusion of and simultaneous interactions between narratives -- defined here as persistent point-of-view messaging -- significantly contributes to the shaping of political discourse and public opinion. In this work, we propose a methodology based on Multi-Variate Hawkes Processes and our newly-introduced Process Influence Measures for quantifying and assessing how such narratives influence (Granger-cause) each other. Such an approach may aid social scientists enhance their understanding of socio-geopolitical phenomena as they manifest themselves and evolve in the realm of social media. In order to show its merits, we apply our methodology on Twitter narratives during the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis. Our analysis indicates a nuanced, evolving influence structure between 8 distinct narratives, part of which could be explained by landmark historical events.
description: This document has 11 pages and 4 figures
Optical Vortex Braiding with Bessel Beams
Creators: name: Voitiv, Andrew A.
name: Andersen, Jasmine M.
name: Siemens, Mark E.
name: Lusk, Mark T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the braiding of optical vortices in a laser beam with more than 2π rotation by superposing Bessel modes with a plane wave. We experimentally demonstrate this by using a Bessel-Gaussian beam and a coaxial Gaussian, and we present measurement of three complete braids. The amount of braiding is fundamentally limited only by the numerical aperture of the system and we discuss how braiding can be controlled experimentally for any number of vortices.
KASBIY TAʼLIMNI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA RAQAMLI AXBOROTLARNING OʻRNI
Creators: name: Narzullayeva, Yulduz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqola kasbiy ta'limni rivojlantirishda raqamli axborotlarning o‘rnini tahlil qiladi. Raqamli texnologiyalar va axborot resurslari ta'lim jarayonini yanada samarali, qiziqarli va interaktiv qilishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Maqolada raqamli axborotlarning ta'lim metodologiyasini diversifikatsiya qilish, o‘quvchilarning qiziqishini oshirish, interaktiv o‘qitish imkoniyatlarini yaratish, masofaviy ta’limni amalga oshirish, axborotga kirish imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish, o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy rivojlanishini qo‘llab-quvvatlash, baholash va tahlil qilish jarayonlarini osonlashtirish kabi jihatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Affinity chromatography : variations on a heme
Creators: name: Hamilton, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The development of a new affinity chromatography system for porphyrin and heme binding proteins is reported. The ligand was based on a protoporphyrin IX derivative substituted on either the 2- or 4-vinyl group. [Chemical Diagram] I:R₁=R₂=Vinyl,R₃H II:R₁=CHO,R₂=Vinyl,R₃=tBu III:R₁=Vinyl,R₂=CHO,R₃=tBu IV:R₁=-C=C-COOH,R₂=Vinyl,R₃=tBu V:R₁Vinyl, R₂=-C=C-COOH, R₃=tBu VI:R₁ =-C=C-CONH (CH₂ )₃NH₂,R₂=Vinyl,R₃=H VII:R₁=Vinyl,R₂=-C=C-CONH(CH₂)₆NH₂R₂K=Vinyl,R₃=H VIII:R₁=-C=C-CONH(CH₂ )₆NH₂, R₂=Vinyl, R₃=H IX:R₁=Vinyl; R₂=-C=C-CONH (CH₂)₆NH₂,R₃=H The ligand was synthesised from protoporphyrin IX (I) by oxidation to the monoformyl monovinyl derivatives (II and III) followed by a Knoevenagel condensation with malonic acid to the monoacrylic acid derivatives (IV and V). The aliphatic diamine was attached to the acrylic acid porphyrin through an acid chloride mediated amide linkage. The ligands VI, VII, VIII and IX were prepared by using propane 1,3— diamine or hexane 1,3-diamine respectively. The separation of the 2- and 4- isomeric porphyrins was carried out by employing the intermediacy of photoprotoporphyrin IX in the formation of monoformyl monovinyl deuteroporphyrin IX (II and III). This gave rise to the monoformyl porphyrin isomers (II or III) on a preparative scale and although not used in the later stages of the affinity ligand synthesis, the establishment of a reliable separation technique enhanced the potential selectivity and hence extended the general applicability of the affinity ligand. The porphyrin affinity ligand was coupled to cyanogen bromide activated sepharose to give a gel with a ligand concentration that could be varied from 4.7 μmoles/cm³ to 0.1 μmoles/cm³ by varying the activation procedure. Incorporation of iron into the porphyrin affinity ligand gave rise to a heme based affinity ligand. This in turn was coupled to cyanogen bromide activated sepharose for future use with the heme binding enzyme hemopexin. Attempts were made to form a porphyrinogen affinity ligand by reduction of the porphyrin with sodium borohydride but were unsuccessful. Initial affinity chromatography results with the porphyrin binding enzyme ferrochelatase are promising as binding onto the column has been definitely shown to occur. The potential synthetic usefulness of the intermediate monovinyl monoacrylic acid deuteroporphyrin is also discussed.
The contribution of INTEGRAL to blazar science
Creators: name: Foschini, Luigi
name: Bianchin, Valentina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review 6 years of INTEGRAL observations of blazars, from Target-Of-Opportunity (TOO) to normal observations to coordinated campaigns, from the new and unexpected discoveries to the improvements in this research field. We also shortly review what is expected from INTEGRAL for the forthcoming years.
description: 11 pages; 4 figures. Talk presented at the VII INTEGRAL Workshop (Copenhagen, Sept 8-11, 2008)
Extinction of metastable stochastic populations
Creators: name: Assaf, Michael
name: Meerson, Baruch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We investigate extinction of a long-lived self-regulating stochastic population, caused by intrinsic (demographic) noise. Extinction typically occurs via one of two scenarios depending on whether the absorbing state n=0 is a repelling (scenario A) or attracting (scenario B) point of the deterministic rate equation. In scenario A the metastable stochastic population resides in the vicinity of an attracting fixed point next to the repelling point n=0. In scenario B there is an intermediate repelling point n=n_1 between the attracting point n=0 and another attracting point n=n_2 in the vicinity of which the metastable population resides. The crux of the theory is WKB method which assumes that the typical population size in the metastable state is large. Starting from the master equation, we calculate the quasi-stationary probability distribution of the population sizes and the (exponentially long) mean time to extinction for each of the two scenarios. When necessary, the WKB approximation is complemented (i) by a recursive solution of the quasi-stationary master equation at small n and (ii) by the van Kampen system-size expansion, valid near the fixed points of the deterministic rate equation. The theory yields both entropic barriers to extinction and pre-exponential factors, and holds for a general set of multi-step processes when detailed balance is broken. The results simplify considerably for single-step processes and near the characteristic bifurcations of scenarios A and B.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Protein chemistry of acetylcholinesterase
Creators: name: Morrod, Peter John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The protein acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been isolated from the electroplax tissue of the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) and purified by affinity chromatography. Working with fresh tissue, the structural stability of this kind of preparation towards proteolysis and/or autolysis has been investigated. Gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate and dithiothreitol, shows predominantly one component at 80,000 molecular weight. However, gels run at various times after purification demonstrate that the 80,000 polypeptide is susceptible to cleavage generating peptides of 55,000, 28,000 and 25,000 molecular weight. Evidence is presented to show that AChE is composed of four identical subunits arranged as a dimer of dimers (α₂)₂. Incubation of the freshly affinity purified AChE with trypsinis shown to mimic the cleavage of the 80,000 subunit by endogeneous protease. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of purified AChE shows it to be composed of two forms characterised by their sedimentation coefficients of 18S and 14S which upon proteolysis convert to a globular 11S form. Furthermore conversion of the 'native' molecular forms to the globular form occurs faster than proteolytic cleavage of the catalytic subunit. Some chemical modification of the protein is described in the last section of the thesis. The enzyme has been labelled, by two different and complementary methods, so as to incorporate radioactive iodide¹²⁵, I. Of particular interest is the result observed with an enzymatic, lacto-peroxidase iodination of the 11S form of the enzyme which shows that greater than 90% of the label is incorporated into the low molecular weight components of the subunit. The other results of the two iodination methods are described and discussed. Finally, an appendix describing the characterisation of AChE via isokinetic sucrose gradients in included.
A Transient Semantics for Typed Racket
Creators: name: Greenman, Ben
name: Lazarek, Lukas
name: Dimoulas, Christos
name: Felleisen, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mixed-typed languages enable programmers to link typed and untyped components in various ways. Some offer rich type systems to facilitate the smooth migration of untyped code to the typed world; others merely provide a convenient form of type Dynamic together with a conventional structural type system. Orthogonal to this dimension, Natural systems ensure the integrity of types with a sophisticated contract system, while Transient systems insert simple first-order checks at strategic places within typed code. Furthermore, each method of ensuring type integrity comes with its own blame-assignment strategy. Typed Racket has a rich migratory type system and enforces the types with a Natural semantics. Reticulated Python has a simple structural type system extended with Dynamic and enforces types with a Transient semantics. While Typed Racket satisfies the most stringent gradual-type soundness properties at a significant performance cost, Reticulated Python seems to limit the performance penalty to a tolerable degree and is nevertheless type sound. This comparison raises the question of whether Transient checking is applicable to and beneficial for a rich migratory type system. This paper reports on the surprising difficulties of adapting the Transient semantics of Reticulated Python to the rich migratory type system of Typed Racket. The resulting implementation, Shallow Typed Racket, is faster than the standard Deep Typed Racket but only when the Transient blame assignment strategy is disabled. For language designers, this report provides valuable hints on how to equip an existing compiler to support a Transient semantics. For theoreticians, the negative experience with Transient blame calls for a thorough investigation of this strategy.
General static black holes in matter
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For arbitrary static space-times, it is shown that an equilibrium between a Killing horizon and matter is only possible for some discrete values of the parameter $w = p_1/ρ$, where $ρ$ is the density and $p_1$ is pressure in the direction normal to the horizon. In the generic situation of a simple (non-extremal) horizon and the slowest possible density decrease near the horizon, this corresponds to $w = -1/3$, the value known for a gas of disordered cosmic strings. An admixture of "vacuum matter", characterized by $w=-1$ and nonzero density at the horizon, is also admitted. This extends the results obtained previously for static, spherically symmetric space-times. A new feature as compared to spherical symmetry is that higher-order horizons can exist in the absence of vacuum matter if the horizon is a surface of zero curvature, which can occur, e.g., in cylindrically symmetric space-times.
description: 6 pages latex
Types for Tables: A Language Design Benchmark
Creators: name: Lu, Kuang-Chen
name: Greenman, Ben
name: Krishnamurthi, Shriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: Tables are ubiquitous formats for data. Therefore, techniques for writing correct programs over tables, and debugging incorrect ones, are vital. Our specific focus in this paper is on rich types that articulate the properties of tabular operations. We wish to study both their expressive power and _diagnostic quality_. Inquiry: There is no "standard library" of table operations. As a result, every paper (and project) is free to use its own (sub)set of operations. This makes artifacts very difficult to compare, and it can be hard to tell whether omitted operations were left out by oversight or because they cannot actually be expressed. Furthermore, virtually no papers discuss the quality of type error feedback. Approach: We combed through several existing languages and libraries to create a "standard library" of table operations. Each entry is accompanied by a detailed specification of its "type," expressed independent of (and hence not constrained by) any type language. We also studied and categorized a corpus of (student) program edits that resulted in table-related errors. We used this to generate a suite of erroneous programs. Finally, we adapted the concept of a datasheet to facilitate comparisons of different implementations. Knowledge: Our benchmark creates a common ground to frame work in this area. Language designers who claim to support typed programming over tables have a clear suite against which to demonstrate their system's expressive power. Our family of errors also gives them a chance to demonstrate the quality of feedback. Researchers who improve one aspect -- especially error reporting -- without changing the other can demonstrate their improvement, as can those who engage in trade-offs between the two. The net result should be much better science in both expressiveness and diagnostics. We also introduce a datasheet format for presenting this knowledge in a methodical way. Grounding: We have generated our benchmark from real languages, libraries, and programs, as well as personal experience conducting and teaching data science. We have drawn on experience in engineering and, more recently, in data science to generate the datasheet. Importance: Claims about type support for tabular programming are hard to evaluate. However, tabular programming is ubiquitous, and the expressive power of type systems keeps growing. Our benchmark and datasheet can help lead to more orderly science. It also benefits programmers trying to choose a language.
Continuation-Passing Style, Defunctionalization, Accumulations, and Associativity
Creators: name: Gibbons, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: Reynolds showed us how to use continuation-passing style and defunctionalization to transform a recursive interpreter for a language into an abstract machine for programs in that language. The same techniques explain other programming tricks, including zippers and accumulating parameters. Inquiry: Buried within all those applications there is usually a hidden appeal to the algebraic property of associativity. Approach: Our purpose in this paper is to entice associativity out of the shadows and into the limelight. Knowledge: We revisit some well-known applications (factorial, fast reverse, tree flattening, and a compiler for a simple expression language) to spotlight their dependence on associativity. Grounding: We replay developments of these programs through a series of program transformations and data refinements, justified by equational reasoning. Importance: Understanding the crucial role played by associativity clarifies when continuation-passing style and defunctionalization can help and when they cannot, and may prompt other applications of these techniques.
Pairing Symmetry and Pairing State in Ferropnictides: Theoretical Overview
Creators: name: Mazin, I. I.
name: Schmalian, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the main ingredients for an unconventional pairing state in the ferropnictides, with particular emphasis on interband pairing due to magnetic fluctuations. Summarizing the key experimental prerequisites for such pairing, the electronic structure and nature of magnetic excitations, we discuss the properties of the s+/- state that emerges as a likely candidate pairing state for these materials and survey experimental evidence in favor of and against this novel state of matter.
description: This is a review contributed to the special issue of the Physica C on Fe-based superconductors. Revised version, many typos and mistakes corrected, figures and bibliography improved, discussion of the nematic transition expanded
Automated, Targeted Testing of Property-Based Testing Predicates
Creators: name: Nelson, Tim
name: Rivera, Elijah
name: Soucie, Sam
name: Del Vecchio, Thomas
name: Wrenn, John
name: Krishnamurthi, Shriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: This work is based on property-based testing (PBT). PBT is an increasingly important form of software testing. Furthermore, it serves as a concrete gateway into the abstract area of formal methods. Specifically, we focus on students learning PBT methods. Inquiry: How well do students do at PBT? Our goal is to assess the quality of the predicates they write as part of PBT. Prior work introduced the idea of decomposing the predicate's property into a conjunction of independent subproperties. Testing the predicate against each subproperty gives a "semantic" understanding of their performance. Approach: The notion of independence of subproperties both seems intuitive and was an important condition in prior work. First, we show that this condition is overly restrictive and might hide valuable information: it both undercounts errors and makes it hard to capture misconceptions. Second, we introduce two forms of automation, one based on PBT tools and the other on SAT-solving, to enable testing of student predicates. Third, we compare the output of these automated tools against manually-constructed tests. Fourth, we also measure the performance of those tools. Finally, we re-assess student performance reported in prior work. Knowledge: We show the difficulty caused by the independent subproperty requirement. We provide insight into how to use automation effectively to assess PBT predicates. In particular, we discuss the steps we had to take to beat human performance. We also provide insight into how to make the automation work efficiently. Finally, we present a much richer account than prior work of how students did. Grounding: Our methods are grounded in mathematical logic. We also make use of well-understood principles of test generation from more formal specifications. This combination ensures the soundness of our work. We use standard methods to measure performance. Importance: As both educators and programmers, we believe PBT is a valuable tool for students to learn, and its importance will only grow as more developers appreciate its value. Effective teaching requires a clear understanding of student knowledge and progress. Our methods enable a rich and automated analysis of student performance on PBT that yields insight into their understanding and can capture misconceptions. We therefore expect these results to be valuable to educators.
The return of the spin period in DW Cnc and evidence of new high state outbursts
Creators: name: Duffy, C.
name: Ramsay, G.
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Kennedy, M. R.
name: West, R. G.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
name: Dhillon, V. S.
name: Ackley, K.
name: Dyer, M. J.
name: Galloway, D. K.
name: Gill, S.
name: Acton, J. S.
name: Burleigh, M. R.
name: Casewell, S. L.
name: Goad, M. R.
name: Henderson, B. A.
name: Tilbrook, R. H.
name: Strøm, P. A.
name: Anderson, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DW Cnc is an intermediate polar which has previously been observed in both high and low states. Observations of the high state of DW Cnc have previously revealed a spin period at ~ 38.6 min, however observations from the 2018/19 low state showed no evidence of the spin period. We present results from our analysis of 12 s cadence photometric data collected by NGTS of DW Cnc during the high state which began in 2019. Following the previously reported suppression of the spin period signal we identify the return of this signal during the high state, consistent with previous observations of it. We identify this as the restarting of accretion during the high state. We further identified three short outbursts lasting ~ 1 d in DW Cnc with a mean recurrence time of ~ 60 d and an amplitude of ~ 1 mag. These are the first outbursts identified in DW Cnc since 2008. Due to the short nature of these events we identify them not as a result of accretion instabilities but instead either from instabilities originating from the interaction of the magnetorotational instability in the accretion disc and the magnetic field generated by the white dwarf or the result of magnetic gating.
description: Accepted to MNRAS; 8 pages, 4 figues
Dynamic critical behavior of model A in films: Zero-mode boundary conditions and expansion near four dimensions
Creators: name: Diehl, H. W.
name: Chamati, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical dynamics of relaxational stochastic models with nonconserved $n$-component order parameter $\bmϕ$ and no coupling to other slow variables ("model A") is investigated in film geometries for the cases of periodic and free boundary conditions. The Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}$ governing the stationary equilibrium distribution is taken to be O(n) symmetric and to involve, in the case of free boundary conditions, the boundary terms $\int_{\mathfrak{B}_j}\mathring{c}_j ϕ^2/2$ associated with the two confining surface planes $\mathfrak{B}_j$, $j=1,2$, at $z=0$ and $z=L$, where the enhancement variables $\mathring{c}_j$ are presumed to be subcritical or critical. A field-theoretic RG study of the dynamic critical behavior at $d=4-ε$ bulk dimensions is presented, with special attention paid to the cases where the classical theories involve zero modes at $T_{c,\infty}$. This applies when either both $\mathring{c}_j$ take the critical value $\mathring{c}_{\text{sp}}$ associated with the special surface transition, or else periodic boundary conditions are imposed. Owing to the zero modes, the $ε$ expansion becomes ill-defined at $T_{c,\infty}$. Analogously to the static case, the field theory can be reorganized to obtain a well-defined small-$ε$ expansion involving half-integer powers of $ε$, modulated by powers of $\lnε$. Explicit results for the scaling functions of $T$-dependent finite-size susceptibilities at temperatures $T\ge T_{c,\infty}$ and of layer and surface susceptibilities at the bulk critical point are given to orders $ε$ and $ε^{3/2}$, respectively. For the case of periodic boundary conditions, the consistency of the expansions to $O(ε^{3/2})$ with exact large-$n$ results is shown.
description: Latex file with 8 eps files included; text added in conclusions and abstract, typos corrected
Calculations for Mirror Symmetry with D-branes
Creators: name: Walcher, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study normal functions capturing D-brane superpotentials on several one- and two-parameter Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces and complete intersections in weighted projective space. We calculate in the B-model and interpret the results using mirror symmetry in the large volume regime, albeit without identifying the precise A-model geometry in all cases. We identify new classes of extensions of Picard-Fuchs equations, as well as a novel type of topology changing phase transition involving quantum D-branes. A 4-d domain wall which is obtained in one region of closed string moduli space from wrapping a four-chain interpolating between two Lagrangian submanifolds is, for other values of the parameters, represented by a disk ending on a single Lagrangian.
description: 42 pages
A new protocol for real-time position and drag feedback in cycling aerodynamics
Creators: name: Foguenne, Léonore
name: Schwartz, Cédric
name: Andrianne, Thomas
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2024

description: Engineering of Sport 15 - Proceedings from the 15th International Conference on the Engineering of Sport (ISEA 2024)
In cycling, optimizing aerodynamic efficiency is crucial for enhancing performance, and the intricate relationship between precise cyclist positioning and their aerodynamic profile significantly influences performance outcomes. For example, when evaluating even a slight 5° tilt of the head, noteworthy variations in aerodynamic drag are induced, emphasizing the critical role of rider positioning.  Moreover, substantial variations in position are anticipated during cyclist self-repositioning on the bike. After evaluating repositioning error for three non-professional cyclists participants over five repetitions of three positions, errors reached up to 10° for the lower arm, 8° for the upper arm, and 6° for the back. These findings impact the precision of assessing cyclist aerodynamics, underscoring the interconnectedness of rider equipment, positioning, aerodynamics, and overall performance metrics. To address the current gap in real-time position feedback during aerodynamic assessments, this work introduces a new protocol. The protocol assesses cyclist drag in a wind tunnel, offering immediate feedback on both position and drag.
On boundary correspondence of q.c. harmonic mappings between smooth Jordan domains
Creators: name: Kalaj, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A quantitative version of an inequality obtained in \cite[Theorem~2.1]{mathz} is given. More precisely, for normalized $K$ quasiconformal harmonic mappings of the unit disk onto a Jordan domain $Ω\in C^{1,μ} $ ($0
Examining Two-Dimensional Luminosity-time Correlations for Gamma Ray Burst Radio Afterglows with VLA and ALMA
Creators: name: Levine, Delina
name: Dainotti, Maria
name: Zvonarek, Kevin J.
name: Fraija, Nissim
name: Warren, Donald C.
name: Chandra, Poonam
name: Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow emission can be observed from sub-TeV to radio wavelengths, though only 6.6\% of observed GRBs present radio afterglows. We examine GRB radio light curves (LCs) to look for the presence of radio plateaus, resembling the plateaus observed in X-ray and optical. We analyze 404 GRBs from the literature with observed radio afterglow and fit 82 GRBs with at least 5 data points with a broken power law (BPL) model, requiring 4 parameters. From these, we find 18 GRBs that present a break feature resembling a plateau. We conduct the first multi-wavelength study of the Dainotti correlation between the luminosity $L_a$ and the rest-frame time of break $T_a^*$ for those 18 GRBs, concluding that the correlation exists and resembles the corresponding correlation in X-ray and optical wavelengths after correction for evolutionary effects. We compare the $T_a^*$ for the radio sample with $T_a^*$ values in X-ray and optical data (Dainotti et al. 2013, 2020b), finding significantly later break times in radio. We propose that this late break time and compatibility in slope suggests either a long-lasting plateau or the passage of a spectral break in the radio band. We also correct the distribution of the isotropic energy $E_{\rm iso}$ vs. the rest-frame burst duration $T^*_{90}$ for evolutionary effects and conclude that there is no significant difference between the $T^*_{90}$ distribution for the radio LCs with a break and those without.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Entanglement of Electrons Field-Emitted from a Superconductor
Creators: name: Yuasa, Kazuya
name: Facchi, Paolo
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Nakazato, Hiromichi
name: Ohba, Ichiro
name: Pascazio, Saverio
name: Tasaki, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under appropriate circumstances the electrons emitted from a superconducting tip can be entangled. We analyze these nonlocal correlations by studying the coincidences of the field-emitted electrons and show that electrons emitted in opposite directions violate Bell's inequality. We scrutinize the interplay between the bosonic nature of Cooper pairs and the fermionic nature of electrons. We further discuss the feasibility of our analysis in the light of present experimental capabilities.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, final version
Electro-osmosis at surfactant-laden liquid-gas interfaces: beyond standard models
Creators: name: de Lima, Alexia Barbosa
name: Joly, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electro-osmosis (EO) is a powerful tool to manipulate liquids in micro and nanofluidic systems. While EO has been studied extensively at liquid-solid interfaces, the case of liquid-vapor interfaces, found e.g. in foam films and bubbles, remains to be explored. Here we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of EO in a film of aqueous electrolyte covered with fluid layers of ionic surfactants and surrounded by gas. Following the experimental procedure, we compute the zeta potential from the EO velocity, defined as the velocity difference between the middle of the liquid film and the surrounding gas. We show that the zeta potential can be smaller or larger than existing predictions depending on the surfactant coverage. We explain the failure of previous descriptions by the fact that surfactants and bound ions move as rigid bodies and do not transmit the electric driving force to the liquid locally. Considering the reciprocal streaming current effect, we then develop an extended model, which can be used to predict the experimental zeta potential of surfactant-laden liquid-gas interfaces.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures; accepted version
title: Addressing depression and anxiety in dementia: targeting ruminative processing via music and attentional bias modification
Creators: name: Greenaway, Anne-Marie
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2024

description: Persons with dementia (PwD) with comorbid depression or anxiety face increased risk of 
cognitive decline, hospitalisation, and institutionalisation. Music-based interventions, e.g.,
music listening, are used in dementia-care to alleviate depression and anxiety due to a lack 
of side-effects. Although music can affect two key processes in the development and 
maintenance of depression and anxiety, attentional biases (AB) (the tendency to attend to, 
or avoid, certain types of information) and rumination (repetitive, self-focused thoughts), 
these processes are overlooked within music research/interventions involving PwD. 
Moreover, an intervention used to alter AB and rumination levels, attentional bias 
modification (ABM), was yet to be explored with PwD. Hence, this thesis explored for 
PwD the reliability of rumination scales, and the relationship between depression, anxiety, 
rumination, and AB as steps toward identifying potential treatment targets to improve 
outcomes. The feasibility of conducting remotely-delivered AB measures using webcam-based eye-tracking (WBET) within music and ABM research/interventions involving PwD
was examined, alongside the reliability of WBET measures of AB. A lab-based gaze-contingent musical ABM (GCM-ABM) paradigm was developed for use with PwD and
was piloted with students. 
The Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, Ruminative Thought Style 
Questionnaire, and Ruminative Response Scale demonstrated adequate to good reliability 
for PwD. The positive relationship between depression, anxiety, and rumination 
demonstrated for PwD aligned with literature. These findings, alongside the variance in 
depression and anxiety accounted for by rumination suggests that rumination is a viable 
intervention target. Clinically-relevant reductions in depression, anxiety, and rumination 
were indeed found post music with ABM and GCM-ABM interventions. Single and multi-session WBET measures of AB were feasible with PwD, with single-session measures 
demonstrating literature-based gaze-location failure rates and lab-based eye tracker 
reliability levels.