cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Direct visualization of Rashba-split bands and spin/orbital-charge interconversion at KTaO$_3$ interfaces
Creators: name: Varotto, Sara
name: Johansson, Annika
name: Göbel, Börge
name: Vicente-Arche, Luis M.
name: Mallik, Srijani
name: Bréhin, Julien
name: Salazar, Raphaël
name: Bertran, François
name: Fèvre, Patrick Le
name: Bergeal, Nicolas
name: Rault, Julien
name: Mertig, Ingrid
name: Bibes, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rashba interfaces have emerged as promising platforms for spin-charge interconversion through the direct and inverse Edelstein effects. Notably, oxide-based two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) display a large and gate-tunable conversion efficiency, as determined by transport measurements. However, a direct visualization of the Rashba-split bands in oxide 2DEGs is lacking, which hampers an advanced understanding of their rich spin-orbit physics. Here, we investigate KTaO$_3$-2DEGs and evidence their Rashba-split bands using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Fitting the bands with a tight-binding Hamiltonian, we extract the effective Rashba coefficient and bring insight into the complex multiorbital nature of the band structure. Our calculations reveal unconventional spin and orbital textures, showing compensation effects from quasi-degenerate band pairs which strongly depend on in-plane anisotropy. We compute the band-resolved spin and orbital Edelstein effects, and predict interconversion efficiencies exceeding those of other oxide 2DEGs. Finally, we suggest design rules for Rashba systems to optimize spin-charge interconversion performance.
Impact of Raman scattered noise from multiple telecom channels on fiber-optic quantum key distribution systems
Creators: name: da Silva, Thiago Ferreira
name: Xavier, Guilherme B.
name: Temporão, Guilherme P.
name: von der Weid, Jean Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the impact of the spontaneous Raman scattered noise generated from multiple optical classical channels on a single quantum key distribution channel, all within the telecom C-band. We experimentally measure the noise generated from up to 14 continuous lasers with different wavelengths using the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) standard, in both propagation directions in respect to the QKD channel, over different standard SMF-28 fiber lengths. We then simulate the expected secure key generation rate for a decoy-states-based system as a function of distance under the presence of simultaneous telecom traffic with different modulation techniques, and show a severe penalty growing with the number of classical channels present. Our results show that, for in-band coexistence, the telecom channels should be distributed as close as possible from the quantum channel to avoid the Raman noise peaks. Operation far from the zero dispersion wavelength of the fiber is also beneficial as it greatly reduces the generation of four-wave mixing inside the quantum channel. Furthermore, narrow spectral filtering on the quantum channels is required due to the harsh limitations of performing QKD under real telecom environments, with the quantum and several classical channels coexisting in the same ITU-T C-band.
description: Typos were fixed in a couple of equations which do not affect the results in the paper
Clues on the Galactic evolution of sulphur from star clusters
Creators: name: Caffau, E.
name: Monaco, L.
name: Spite, M.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Ludwig, H. -G.
name: Villanova, S.
name: Beletsky, Y.
name: Sbordone, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The abundances of alpha-elements are a powerful diagnostic of the star formation history and chemical evolution of a galaxy. Sulphur, being moderately volatile, can be reliably measured in the interstellar medium (ISM) of damped Ly-alpha galaxies and extragalactic HII regions. Measurements in stars of different metallicity in our Galaxy can then be readily compared to the abundances in external galaxies. Such a comparison is not possible for Si or Ca that suffer depletion onto dust in the ISM. Furthermore, studying sulphur is interesting because it probes nucleosynthetic conditions that are very different from those of O or Mg. The measurements in star clusters are a reliable tracers of the Galactic evolution of sulphur. We find NLTE=6.11+/-0.04 for M 4, NLTE=7.17+/-0.02 for NGC 2477, and NLTE=7.13+/-0.06 for NGC 5822. For the only star studied in Trumpler 5 we find A(S)NLTE=6.43+/-0.03 and A(S)LTE=6.94+/-0.05. Our measurements show that, by and large, the S abundances in Galactic clusters trace reliably those in field stars. The only possible exception is Trumpler 5, for which the NLTE sulphur abundance implies an [S/Fe] ratio lower by roughly 0.4 dex than observed in field stars of comparable metallicity, even though its LTE sulphur abundance is in line with abundances of field stars. Moreover the LTE sulphur abundance is consistent only with the abundance of another alpha-element, Mg, in the same star, while the low NLTE value is consistent with Si and Ca. The S abundances in our sample of stars in clusters imply that the clusters are chemically homogeneous for S within 0.05 dex.
description: A&A in press
Eight light flavors on large lattice volumes
Creators: name: Schaich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present first results from large-scale lattice investigations of SU(3) gauge theory with eight light flavors in the fundamental representation. Using leadership computing resources at Argonne, we are generating gauge configurations with lattice volumes up to $64^3\times128$ at relatively strong coupling, in an attempt to access the chiral regime. We use nHYP-improved staggered fermions, carefully monitoring finite-volume effects and other systematics. Here I focus on analyses of the light hadron spectrum and chiral condensate, measured on lattice volumes up to $48^3\times96$ with fermion masses as light as m=0.004 in lattice units. We find no clear indication of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in these observables. I discuss the implications of these initial results, and prospects for further physics projects employing these ensembles of gauge configurations.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of Lattice 2013, 29 July--3 August 2013, Mainz, Germany. v2: metadata fixed, no other changes
Simple Irreducible Subgroups of Exceptional Algebraic Groups
Creators: name: Thomas, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G15, 20G05

description: A closed subgroup of a semisimple algebraic group is called irreducible if it lies in no proper parabolic subgroup. In this paper we classify all irreducible subgroups of exceptional algebraic groups $G$ which are connected, closed and simple of rank at least $2$. Consequences are given concerning the representations of such subgroups on various $G$-modules: for example, with one exception, the conjugacy classes of irreducible simple connected subgroups of rank at least $2$ are determined by their composition factors on the adjoint module for $G$.
description: 46 pages; version to appear in J. Alg
A HC model with countable set of spin values: uncountable set of Gibbs measures
Creators: name: Rozikov, U. A.
name: Haydarov, F. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a hard core (HC) model with a countable set $\mathbb{Z}$ of spin values on the Cayley tree. This model is defined by a countable set of parameters $λ_{i}>0, i \in \mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}$. For all possible values of parameters, we give limit points of the dynamical system generated by a function which describes the consistency condition for finite-dimensional measures. Also, we prove that every periodic Gibbs measure for the given model is either translation-invariant or periodic with period two. Moreover, we construct uncountable set of Gibbs measures for this HC model.
A dual color, frequency, pulse duration and shape agile laser system for particle spectroscopy and manipulation
Creators: name: Bak, Junhwi
name: Randolph, Robert
name: Gerakis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dual color, frequency and pulse duration agile laser system, capable of delivering laser pulses in arbitrary temporal profiles with ~1 ns to ~1 us pulse duration, chirping rates of ~27 MHz/ns with an achievable chirping range of several GHz across the pulse duration, and with energies ranging from a few nJ to hundreds of mJ per pulse has been developed. The flexibility and capability of this laser system provide a wide range of laser parameters that can be exploited to optimize operational conditions in various experiments ranging from laser diagnostics to spectroscopy and optical manipulation of matter. The developed system is successfully demonstrated to obtain coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (CRBS) in both single and dual color configuration, in an effort to expand the non-intrusive accessibility towards lower pressure regime for neutral gas and plasma diagnostics.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Hierarchical neural networks perform both serial and parallel processing
Creators: name: Agliari, Elena
name: Barra, Adriano
name: Galluzzi, Andrea
name: Guerra, Francesco
name: Tantari, Daniele
name: Tavani, Flavia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study a Hebbian neural network, where neurons are arranged according to a hierarchical architecture such that their couplings scale with their reciprocal distance. As a full statistical mechanics solution is not yet available, after a streamlined introduction to the state of the art via that route, the problem is consistently approached through signal- to-noise technique and extensive numerical simulations. Focusing on the low-storage regime, where the amount of stored patterns grows at most logarithmical with the system size, we prove that these non-mean-field Hopfield-like networks display a richer phase diagram than their classical counterparts. In particular, these networks are able to perform serial processing (i.e. retrieve one pattern at a time through a complete rearrangement of the whole ensemble of neurons) as well as parallel processing (i.e. retrieve several patterns simultaneously, delegating the management of diff erent patterns to diverse communities that build network). The tune between the two regimes is given by the rate of the coupling decay and by the level of noise affecting the system. The price to pay for those remarkable capabilities lies in a network's capacity smaller than the mean field counterpart, thus yielding a new budget principle: the wider the multitasking capabilities, the lower the network load and viceversa. This may have important implications in our understanding of biological complexity.
$\mathcal{R}(p,q)$-deformed super Virasoro $n$-algebra
Creators: name: Melong, Fridolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B37, 17B68, 81R10

description: In this paper, we construct the super Witt algebra and super Virasoro algebra in the framework of the $\mathcal{R}(p,q)$-deformed quantum algebras. Moreover, we perform the super $\mathcal{R}(p,q)$-deformed Witt $n$-algebra, the $\mathcal{R}(p,q)$-deformed Virasoro $n$-algebra and discuss the super $\mathcal{R}(p,q)$-Virasoro $n$-algebra ($n$ even). Besides, we define and construct another super $\mathcal{R}(p,q)$-deformed Witt $n$-algebra and study a toy model for the super $\mathcal{R}(p,q)$-Virasoro constraints. Relevant particular cases induced from the quantum algebras known in the literature are deduced from the formalism developped.
Determining the mass anomalous dimension through the eigenmodes of Dirac operator
Creators: name: Cheng, Anqi
name: Hasenfratz, Anna
name: Petropoulos, Gregory
name: Schaich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a scale-dependent effective mass anomalous dimension from the scaling of the mode number of the massless Dirac operator, which connects the perturbative $γ_m$ of an asymptotically-free system to the universal $γ_m^{\star}$ at a conformal fixed point. We use a stochastic algorithm to measure the mode number up to the cutoff scale on lattices as large as $48^4$. Focusing on SU(3) lattice gauge theory with $N_f = 12$ massless fundamental fermions, we examine systematic effects due to finite volumes and non-zero fermion masses. Our results suggest the existence of an infrared fixed point with $γ_m^{\star} \approx 0.25$. Our method provides a unique probe to study systems from the UV to the IR. It is universal and can be applied to any lattice model of interest, including both chirally-broken and IR-conformal systems.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Josephson Diode Effect in High Mobility InSb Nanoflags
Creators: name: Turini, Bianca
name: Salimian, Sedighe
name: Carrega, Matteo
name: Iorio, Andrea
name: Strambini, Elia
name: Giazotto, Francesco
name: Zannier, Valentina
name: Sorba, Lucia
name: Heun, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report evidence of non-reciprocal dissipation-less transport in single ballistic InSb nanoflag Josephson junctions, owing to a strong spin-orbit coupling. Applying an in-plane magnetic field, we observe an inequality in supercurrent for the two opposite current propagation directions. This demonstrates that these devices can work as Josephson diodes, with dissipation-less current flowing in only one direction. For small fields, the supercurrent asymmetry increases linearly with the external field, then it saturates as the Zeeman energy becomes relevant, before it finally decreases to zero at higher fields. We show that the effect is maximum when the in-plane field is perpendicular to the current vector, which identifies Rashba spin-orbit coupling as the main symmetry-breaking mechanism. While a variation in carrier concentration in these high-quality InSb nanoflags does not significantly influence the diode effect, it is instead strongly suppressed by an increase in temperature. Our experimental findings are consistent with a model for ballistic short junctions and show that the diode effect is intrinsic to this material. Our results establish InSb Josephson diodes as a useful element in superconducting electronics.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ КОСТЮМА И ИХ РОЛЬ В РАЗВИТИИ МОДНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ
Creators: name: Абдуллаева, Фатима
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье рассматривается вопросы по изучению теоретико-методологических аспектов проектирования костюма и их роль в развитии модной практики.
Gappy spectral proper orthogonal decomposition
Creators: name: Nekkanti, Akhil
name: Schmidt, Oliver T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental spatio-temporal flow data often contain gaps or other types of undesired artifacts. To reconstruct flow data in the compromised or missing regions, a data completion method based on spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) is developed. The algorithm leverages the temporal correlation of the SPOD modes with preceding and succeeding snapshots, and their spatial correlation with the surrounding data at the same time instant. For each gap, the algorithm first computes the SPOD of the remaining, unaffected data. In the next step, the compromised data are projected onto the basis of the SPOD modes. This corresponds to a local inversion of the SPOD problem and yields expansion coefficients that permit the reconstruction in the affected regions. This local reconstruction is successively applied to each gap. After all gaps are filled in, the procedure is repeated in an iterative manner until convergence. This method is demonstrated on two examples: direct numerical simulation of laminar flow around a cylinder, and time-resolved PIV data of turbulent cavity flow obtained by Zhang et al. (2019). Randomly added gaps correspond to 1%, 5%, and 20% of data loss. Even for 20% data corruption, and in the presence of measurement noise in the experimental data, the algorithm recovers 97% and 80% of the original data in the corrupted regions of the simulation and PIV data, respectively. These values are higher than those achieved by established methods like gappy POD and Kriging.
Quantum-corrected thickness-dependent thermal conductivity in amorphous silicon predicted by machine-learning molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Yanzhou
name: Fan, Zheyong
name: Qian, Ping
name: Caro, Miguel A.
name: Ala-Nissila, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is an important thermal-management material and also serves as an ideal playground for studying heat transport in strongly disordered materials. Theoretical prediction of the thermal conductivity of a-Si in a wide range of temperatures and sample sizes is still a challenge. Herein we present a systematic investigation of the thermal transport properties of a-Si by employing large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an accurate and efficient machine-learned neuroevolution potential (NEP) trained against abundant reference data calculated at the quantum-mechanical density-functional-theory level. The high efficiency of NEP allows us to study the effects of finite size and quenching rate in the formation of a-Si in great detail. We find that it requires a simulation cell up to $64,000$ atoms (a cubic cell with a linear size of 11 nm) and a quenching rate down to $10^{11}$ K s$^{-1}$ for fully convergent thermal conductivity. Structural properties, including short- and medium-range order as characterized by the pair correlation function, angular distribution function, coordination number, ring statistics and structure factor are studied to demonstrate the accuracy of NEP and to further evaluate the role of quenching rate. Using both the heterogeneous and the homogeneous nonequilibrium MD methods and the related spectral decomposition techniques, we calculate the temperature- and thickness-dependent thermal conductivity values of a-Si and show that they agree well with available experimental results from 10 K to room temperature. Our results also highlight the importance of quantum effects in the calculated thermal conductivity and support the quantum correction method based on the spectral thermal conductivity.
Improved Lattice Renormalization Group Techniques
Creators: name: Petropoulos, Gregory
name: Cheng, Anqi
name: Hasenfratz, Anna
name: Schaich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the bare step-scaling function $s_b$ for SU(3) lattice gauge theory with $N_f = 12$ massless fundamental fermions, using the non-perturbative Wilson-flow-optimized Monte Carlo Renormalization Group two-lattice matching technique. We use a short Wilson flow to approach the renormalized trajectory before beginning RG blocking steps. By optimizing the length of the Wilson flow, we are able to determine an $s_b$ corresponding to a unique discrete $β$ function, after a few blocking steps. We carry out this study using new ensembles of 12-flavor gauge configurations generated with exactly massless fermions, using volumes up to $32^4$. The results are consistent with the existence of an infrared fixed point (IRFP) for all investigated lattice volumes and number of blocking steps. We also compare different renormalization schemes, each of which indicates an IRFP at a slightly different value of the bare coupling, as expected for an IR-conformal theory.
description: 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Lattice2013
Temperature-dependent templated growth of porphine thin films on the (111) facets of copper and silver
Creators: name: Diller, Katharina
name: Klappenberger, Florian
name: Allegretti, Francesco
name: Papageorgiou, Anthoula C.
name: Fischer, Sybille
name: Duncan, David A.
name: Maurer, Reinhard J.
name: Lloyd, Julian A.
name: Oh, Seung Cheol
name: Reuter, Karsten
name: Barth, Johannes V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The templated growth of the basic porphyrin unit, free-base porphine (2H-P), is characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory (DFT). The DFT simulations allow the deconvolution of the complex XPS and NEXAFS signatures into contributions originating from five inequivalent carbon atoms, which can be grouped into C-N and C-C bonded species. Polarization-dependent NEXAFS measurements reveal an intriguing organizational behavior: On both Cu(111) and Ag(111), for coverages up to one monolayer, the molecules adsorb undeformed and parallel to the respective metal surface. Upon increasing the coverage, however, the orientation of the molecules in the thin films depends on the growth conditions. Multilayers deposited at low temperatures (LT) exhibit a similar average tilting angle (30 degree relative to the surface plane) on both substrates. Conversely, for multilayers grown at room temperature a markedly different scenario exists. On Cu(111) the film thickness is self-limited to a coverage of approximately two layers, while on Ag(111) multilayers can be grown easily and, in contrast to the bulk 2H-P crystal, the molecules are oriented perpendicular to the surface. This difference in molecular orientation results in a modified line-shape of the C 1s XPS signatures that is dependent on the incident photon energy, which is explained by comparison with depth-resolved DFT calculations. Simulations of ionization energies for differently stacked molecules show no indication for a packing-induced modification of the multilayer XP spectra, thus indicating that the comparison of single molecule calculations to multilayer data is justified.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Unveiling confinement in pure gauge SU(3): flux tubes, fields, and magnetic currents
Creators: name: Baker, M.
name: Chelnokov, V.
name: Cosmai, L.
name: Cuteri, F.
name: Papa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A characteristic signature of quark confinement is the concentration of the chromoelectric field between a static quark-antiquark pair in a flux tube. However, the structure of this flux tube, and hence of the confining force, has not been completely understood. Here we perform new lattice measurements of field distributions on smeared Monte Carlo ensembles in SU(3) gauge theory. On the basis of these simulations we demonstrate that the confining force can be understood using the analogy with the basic principles of electromagnetism as elucidated by Maxwell. We derive a chromomagnetic Lorentz force density coupling the chromoelectric field to chromomagnetic currents and integrate this force density over the flux tube interior to obtain a Maxwell-like force that squeezes the flux tube in the transverse direction. We show that the strength of this transverse confining force is equal to the value of the string tension calculated numerically from the chromoelectric field on the midplane between the quarks, verifying the consistency of these two complementary pictures of confinement.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
The intimate relation between the low T/W instability and the co-rotation point
Creators: name: Passamonti, Andrea
name: Andersson, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low T/W instability associated with the f-mode of differentially rotating stars. Our stellar models are described by a polytropic equation of state and the rotation profile is given by the standard j-constant law. The properties of the relevant oscillation modes, including the instability growth time, are determined from time evolutions of the linearised dynamical equations in Newtonian gravity. In order to analyse the instability we monitor also the canonical energy and angular momentum. Our results demonstrate that the l=m=2 f-mode becomes unstable as soon as a co-rotation point develops inside the star (i.e. whenever there is a point where the mode's pattern speed matches the bulk angular velocity). Considering various degrees of differential rotation, we show that the instability grows faster deep inside the co-rotation region and deduce an empirical relation that correlates the mode frequency and the star's parameters, which captures the main features of the l=m=2 f-mode growth time. This function is proportional to the product of the kinetic to gravitational energy ratio and the gradient of the star's spin, strengthening further the relationship between the co-rotation point and the low T/W instability. We briefly consider also the l=m=2 r-mode and demonstrate that it never moves far inside the co-rotation region even for significant differential rotation.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to MNRAS
Photometric metallicity and distance estimates for $\sim$ 136,000 RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR3
Creators: name: Li, Xin-Yi
name: Huang, Yang
name: Liu, Gao-Chao
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: Zhang, Hua-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of 135,873 RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) with precise photometric-metallicity and distance estimates from our newly calibrated $P-ϕ_{31}-R_{21}-$[Fe/H]/$P-R_{21}-$[Fe/H] and $G$ band absolute magnitude-metallicity relations. The $P-ϕ_{31}-R_{21}-$[Fe/H] and $P-R_{21}-$[Fe/H] relations for type RRab and type RRc stars are obtained from nearly 2700 Gaia-identified RRLs with precise $ϕ_{31}$ and $R_{21}$ measurements from the light curves and metallicity estimates from spectroscopy. Using 236 nearby RRLs with accurate distances estimated from parallax measurements with Gaia EDR3, new $G$ band absolute magnitude-metallicity relations and near-infrared period-absolute magnitude-metallicity relations are constructed. External checks, using other high-resolution spectroscopic sample of field RRLs and RRL members of globular clusters (GCs), show that the typical uncertainties in our photometric-metallicity estimates are about 0.24 and 0.16 dex for type RRab/c stars, respectively, without significant systematic bias with respect to high-resolution spectroscopic metallicity measurements. The accuracies of these metallicity estimates are much improved, especially for RRab stars, when compared to those provided by the Gaia DR3 release. Validations of our distance estimates, again by using members of GCs, show that the typical distance errors are only 3-4%. The distance modulus $μ_0=18.503\pm0.001(stat)\pm0.040(syst)$ mag for the LMC and $μ_0=19.030\pm0.003(stat)\pm0.043(syst)$ mag for the SMC are estimated from our RRab sample, respectively, and are in excellent agreement with previous measurements. The mean metallicities of the LMC and SMC derived in this work are also consistent with the previous determinations. Using our sample, a steep metallicity gradient of $-0.024\pm0.001$ dex/kpc is found for the LMC, while a negligible metallicity gradient is obtained for the SMC.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures and 6 tables, accepted by ApJ, the RRL catalog will be available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6731860
Evolution of the Phase Diagram of LaFeP$_{1-x}$As$_{x}$O$_{1-y}$F$_{y}$ ($y$ = 0 -- 0.1)
Creators: name: Lai, K. T.
name: Takemori, A.
name: Miyasaka, S.
name: Engetsu, F.
name: Mukuda, H.
name: Tajima, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: P/As-substitution effects on the transport properties of polycrystalline LaFeP$_{1-x}$As$_{x}$O$_{1-y}$F$_{y}$ with $x$ = 0 -- 1.0 and $y$ = 0 -- 0.1 have been studied. In the F-free samples ($y$ = 0), a new superconducting (SC) dome with a maximum $T_{c}$ of 12 K is observed around $x$ = 0 -- 0.3. This is separated from another SC dome with $T_{c}$ $\sim$10 K at $x$ = 0.6 -- 0.8 by an antiferromagnetic region ($x$ = 0.3 -- 0.6), giving a two-dome feature in the $T_{c}-x$ phase diagram. As $y$ increases, the two SC domes merge together, changing to a double peak structure at $y$ = 0.05 and a single dome at $y$ = 0.1. This proves the presence of two different Fermi surface states in this system.
description: accepted by PRB
Mutations of Fake Weighted Projective Spaces
Creators: name: Coates, Tom
name: Gonshaw, Samuel
name: Kasprzyk, Alexander
name: Nabijou, Navid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B20 (Primary), 14J33, 14J45 (Secondary)

description: We characterise mutations between fake weighted projective spaces, and give explicit formulas for how the weights and multiplicity change under mutation. In particular, we prove that multiplicity-preserving mutations between fake weighted projective spaces are mutations over edges of the corresponding simplices. As an application, we analyse the canonical and terminal fake weighted projective spaces of maximal degree.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
Dust polarization spectral dependence from Planck HFI data. Turning point on CMB polarization foregrounds modelling
Creators: name: Ritacco, Alessia
name: Boulanger, François
name: Guillet, Vincent
name: Delouis, Jean-Marc
name: Puget, Jean-Loup
name: Aumont, Jonathan
name: Vacher, Léo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for the primordial B-modes of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) relies on the separation from the brighter foreground dust signal. In this context, the characterisation of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of thermal dust in polarization has become a critical subject of study. We present a power-spectra analysis of Planck data, which improves on previous studies by using the newly released SRoll2 maps that correct residual data systematics, and by extending the analysis to regions near the Galactic plane. Our analysis focuses on the lowest multipoles between l=4 and 32, and three sky areas with sky fractions of fsky = 80%, 90%, and 97%. The mean dust SED for polarization and the 353 GHz Q and U maps are used to compute residual maps at 100, 143 and 217 GHz, highlighting spatial variations of the dust polarization SED. Residuals are detected at the three frequencies for the three sky areas. We show that models based on total intensity data are underestimating by a significant factor the complexity of dust polarized CMB foreground. Our analysis emphasizes the need to include variations of polarization angles of the dust polarized CMB foreground. The frequency dependence of the EE and BB power spectra of the residual maps yields further insight. We find that the moments expansion to the first order of the modified black-body (MBB) spectrum provides a good fit to the EE power-spectra. This result suggests that the residuals could follow mainly from variations of dust MBB spectral parameters. However, this conclusion is challenged by cross-spectra showing that the residuals maps at the three frequencies are not fully correlated, and the fact that the BB power-spectra do not match the first order moment expansion of a MBB SED. This work sets new requirements for simulations of the dust polarized foreground and component separation methods (abridged)
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in the Cosmology section of A&A journal
Magnetic interactions in AB-stacked kagome lattices: magnetic structure, symmetry, and duality
Creators: name: Zelenskiy, Andrey
name: Monchesky, Theodore L.
name: Plumer, Martin L.
name: Southern, Byron W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of an extensive study of the phase diagram and spin wave excitations for a general spin model on a hexagonal AB-stacked kagome system. The boundaries of the magnetic phases are determined via a combination of numerical (Monte Carlo) and analytical (Luttinger-Tisza) methods. We also determine the phase coexistence regions by considering the instabilities in the spin wave spectra. Depending on the strength of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC), some spin and lattice rotations become decoupled, leading to considerably larger symmetry groups than typical magnetic groups. Thus, we provide a detailed symmetry description of the magnetic Hamiltonian with negligible, weak, and intermediate strength of SOC. The spin symmetry in these three cases has a strong effect on the splittings observed in the spin excitation spectra. We further identify a number of self-duality transformations that map the Hamiltonian onto itself. These transformations describe the symmetry of the parameter space and provide an exact mapping between the properties of different magnetic orders and lead to accidental degeneracies. Finally, we discuss the physical relevance of our findings in the context of $\mathrm{Mn}_3X$ compounds.
Migrant women's experiences of an individual language-assisted information and support visit to the labor ward before giving birth – A qualitative study from Sweden
Creators: name: Ternström, E
name: Small, Rhonda
name: Lindgren, H
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4204
subject: Midwifery
classificationCode: 3215
subject: Reproductive medicine

description: Background: Migrant women are less likely to receive an individualized maternal care where they feel safe, informed and supported but few measures have been undertaken to meet their needs. In Södertälje municipality in Sweden, community-based antenatal care midwives identify migrant women and offer them and their partners language-assisted information and support through an individual two-hour-visit to the labor ward. The aim of the present study was to explore migrant women's experiences of antenatal care including receiving language-assisted information and support during pregnancy through a two-hour INFOR-visit to the labor ward. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 non-Swedish speaking migrant women, using an interpreter. Interview analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The individualized support, including thorough information given with language support available, sufficient time for questions and discussion, and a caring approach – did appear to inform and reassure the women. Overall, they felt that they were seen and treated as individuals during both pregnancy and birth and that their specific needs were listened to and met by the health care providers. Having professional interpreters was seen as essential for receiving the right information, something achieved at the individual visit. Conclusions: The findings from this study provide evidence that a two-hour-visit to the labor ward during pregnancy has potential to empower migrant women during pregnancy and birth and to improve their experiences of maternity care. The two-hour-visit is a relatively simple intervention with the potential of not only improving migrant women's experiences of pregnancy and birth, but also their medical outcomes.
Heating rate measurement and characterization of a prototype surface-electrode trap for optical frequency metrology
Creators: name: Lauprêtre, Thomas
name: Achi, Bachir
name: Groult, Lucas
name: Kersalé, Yann
name: Delehaye, Marion
name: Hafiz, Moustafa Abdel
name: Lacroûte, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the characterization of a prototype surface-electrode (SE) trap as a first step towards the realization of a compact, single-ion optical clock based on Yb$^+$. The use of a SE trap will be a key factor to benefit from clean-room fabrication techniques and technological advances made in the field of quantum information processing. We succesfully demonstrated trapping at a 500 $μ$m electrodes distance and characterized our trap in terms of lifetime and heating rate. This is to our knowledge the highest distance achieved for heating rates measurements in SE traps. This simple 5-wire design realized with simple materials yields a heating rate of $\mathbf{8\times 10^3}$ phonons/s. We provide an analysis of the performances of this prototype trap for optical frequency metrology.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Evidence of a two-step process and pathway dependency in the thermodynamics of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(sodium acrylate) complexation
Creators: name: Vitorazi, L.
name: Ould-Moussa, N.
name: Sekar, S.
name: Fresnais, J.
name: Loh, W.
name: Chapel, J. -P.
name: Berret, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have pointed the importance of polyelectrolyte assembly in the elaboration of innovative nanomaterials. Beyond their structures, many important questions on the thermodynamics of association remain to be answered. Here, we investigate the complexation between poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium acrylate) (PANa) chains using a combination of three techniques: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), static and dynamic light scattering and electrophoresis. Upon addition of PDADMAC to PANa or vice-versa, the results obtained by the different techniques agree well with each other, and reveal a two-step process. The primary process is the formation of highly charged polyelectrolyte complexes of sizes 100 nm. The secondary process is the transition towards a coacervate phase made of rich and poor polymer droplets. The binding isotherms measured are accounted for using a phenomenological model that provides the thermodynamic parameters for each reaction. Small positive enthalpies and large positive entropies consistent with a counterion release scenario are found throughout this study. Beyond, this work stresses the importance of the underestimated formulation pathway or mixing order in polyelectrolyte complexation.
description: 25 pages including Supporting Information to appear in Soft Matter
Canonical rings of Q-divisors on P^1
Creators: name: O'Dorney, Evan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N10 (Primary) 14C20 (Secondary)

description: The canonical ring $S_D = \bigoplus_{d \geq 0} H^0(X, \lfloor dD \rfloor)$ of a divisor D on a curve X is a natural object of study; when D is a Q-divisor, it has connections to projective embeddings of stacky curves and rings of modular forms. We study the generators and relations of S_D for the simplest curve X = P^1. When D contains at most two points, we give a complete description of S_D; for general D, we give bounds on the generators and relations. We also show that the generators (for at most five points) and a Groebner basis of relations between them (for at most four points) depend only on the coefficients in the divisor D, not its points or the characteristic of the ground field; we conjecture that the minimal system of relations varies in a similar way. Although stated in terms of algebraic geometry, our results are proved by translating to the combinatorics of lattice points in simplices and cones.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Rank the spreading influence of nodes using dynamic Markov process
Creators: name: Lin, Jian-Hong
name: Yang, Zhao
name: Liu, Jian-Guo
name: Chen, Bo-Lun
name: Tessone, Claudio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ranking the spreading influence of nodes is of great importance in practice and research. The key to ranking a node's spreading ability is to evaluate the fraction of susceptible nodes been infected by the target node during the outbreak, i.e., the outbreak size. In this paper, we present a dynamic Markov process (DMP) method by integrating the Markov chain and the spreading process to evaluate the outbreak size of the initial spreader. Following the idea of the Markov process, this method solves the problem of nonlinear coupling by adjusting the state transition matrix and evaluating the probability of the susceptible node being infected by its infected neighbours. We have employed the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) and susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) models to test this method on real-world static and temporal networks. Our results indicate that the DMP method could evaluate the nodes' outbreak sizes more accurately than previous methods for both single and multi-spreaders. Besides, it can also be employed to rank the influence of nodes accurately during the spreading process.
Continued Fractions and Linear Fractional Transformations
Creators: name: O'Dorney, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A55

description: Rational approximations to a square root $\sqrt{k}$ can be produced by iterating the transformation $f(x) = (dx+k)/(x+d)$ starting from $\infty$ for any positive integer $d$. We show that these approximations coincide infinitely often with continued fraction convergents if and only if $4d^2/(k-d^2)$ is an integer, in which case the continued fraction has a rich structure. It consists of the concatenation of the continued fractions of certain explicitly definable rational numbers, and it belongs to one of infinitely many families of continued fractions whose terms vary linearly in two parameters. We also give conditions under which the orbit $\{f^n(\infty)\}$ consists exclusively of convergents or semiconvergents and prove that with few exceptions it includes all solutions $p/q$ to the Pell equation $p^2 - k q^2 = \pm 1$.
description: 18 pages
The Dice loss in the context of missing or empty labels: Introducing $Φ$ and $ε$
Creators: name: Tilborghs, Sofie
name: Bertels, Jeroen
name: Robben, David
name: Vandermeulen, Dirk
name: Maes, Frederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Albeit the Dice loss is one of the dominant loss functions in medical image segmentation, most research omits a closer look at its derivative, i.e. the real motor of the optimization when using gradient descent. In this paper, we highlight the peculiar action of the Dice loss in the presence of missing or empty labels. First, we formulate a theoretical basis that gives a general description of the Dice loss and its derivative. It turns out that the choice of the reduction dimensions $Φ$ and the smoothing term $ε$ is non-trivial and greatly influences its behavior. We find and propose heuristic combinations of $Φ$ and $ε$ that work in a segmentation setting with either missing or empty labels. Second, we empirically validate these findings in a binary and multiclass segmentation setting using two publicly available datasets. We confirm that the choice of $Φ$ and $ε$ is indeed pivotal. With $Φ$ chosen such that the reductions happen over a single batch (and class) element and with a negligible $ε$, the Dice loss deals with missing labels naturally and performs similarly compared to recent adaptations specific for missing labels. With $Φ$ chosen such that the reductions happen over multiple batch elements or with a heuristic value for $ε$, the Dice loss handles empty labels correctly. We believe that this work highlights some essential perspectives and hope that it encourages researchers to better describe their exact implementation of the Dice loss in future work.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2022
"The Physics of Life," an undergraduate general education biophysics course
Creators: name: Parthasarathy, Raghuveer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Improving the scientific literacy of non-scientists is an important goal, both because of the ever-increasing impact of science and technology on our lives, and because understanding science enriches our experience of the natural world. One route to improving scientific literacy is via general education undergraduate courses -- i.e. courses intended for students not majoring in the sciences or engineering -- which in many cases provide these students' last formal exposure to science. I describe here a course on biophysics for non-science-major undergraduates recently developed at the University of Oregon (Eugene, OR, USA). Biophysics, I claim, is a particularly useful vehicle for addressing scientific literacy. It involves important and general scientific concepts, demonstrates connections between basic science and tangible, familiar phenomena related to health and disease, and illustrates that scientific insights develop by applying tools and perspectives from disparate fields in creative ways. In addition, biophysics highlights the far-reaching impact of physics research. I describe the general design of this course, which spans both macroscopic and microscopic topics, and the specific content of a few of its modules. I also describe evidence-based pedagogical approaches adopted in teaching the course, and aspects of its enrollment and evaluation.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures