cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
LCAAJ audio for location 48263 (Lipcani, Moldova)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Lipcani, Moldova (48.273339, 26.804064)
HST FUV C IV observations of the hot DG Tauri jet
Creators: name: Schneider, P. C.
name: Eisloeffel, J.
name: Guedel, M.
name: Guenther, H. M.
name: Herczeg, G.
name: Robrade, J.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protostellar jets are tightly connected to the accretion process and regulate the angular momentum balance of accreting star-disk systems. The DG Tau jet is one of the best-studied protostellar jets and contains plasma with temperatures ranging over three orders of magnitude within the innermost 50 AU of the jet. We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) far ultraviolet (FUV) long-slit spectra spatially resolving the C IV emission (T~1e5 K) from the jet for the first time, and quasi-simultaneous HST observations of optical forbidden emission lines ([O I], [N II], [S II] and [O III]) and fluorescent H2 lines. The C IV emission peaks at 42 AU from the stellar position and has a FWHM of 52 AU along the jet. Its deprojected velocity of around 200 km/s decreases monotonically away from the driving source. In addition, we compare our HST data with the X-ray emission from the DG Tau jet. We investigate the requirements to explain the data by an initially hot jet compared to local heating. Both scenarios indicate a mass loss by the T~1e5 K jet of ~1e-9 Msun/year, i.e., between the values for the lower temperature jet (T~1e4 K) and the hotter X-ray emitting part (T>1e6 K). However, a simple initially hot wind requires a large launching region (~1 AU), and we therefore favor local heating.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted by A&A letters
N-body simulations of oligarchic growth of Mars: Implications for Hf-W chronology
Creators: name: Morishima, Ryuji
name: Golabek, Gregor
name: Samuel, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dauphas and Pourmand (2011) [Nature 473, 489--492] estimated the accretion timescale of Mars to be 1.8 $^{+0.9}_{-1.0}$ Myr from the W isotopes of martian meteorites. This timescale was derived assuming perfect metal-silicate equilibration between the impactor and the target's mantle. However, in the case of a small impactor most likely only a fraction of the target's mantle is involved in the equilibration, while only a small part of the impactor's core equilibrates in the case of a giant impact. We examined the effects of imperfect equilibration using results of high-resolution $N$-body simulations for the oligarchic growth stage. These effects were found to be small as long as a planetary embryo has a deep liquid magma ocean during its accretion. The effect due to partial involvement of the target's mantle in equilibration is small due to the low metal-silicate partition coefficient for W suggested from the low Hf/W ratio of the martian mantle. The effect due to partial involvement of the impactor's core is also small because a large fraction of the embryo mass is delivered from small planetesimals, which are likely to fully equilibrate in the deep magma ocean on the embryo. The accretion timescale of Mars estimated by the Hf-W chronology is shorter than that expected for the minimum mass solar nebula model as long as more than 10% of each impactor's core re-equilibrates with the martian mantle and the final stages of accretion are prolonged. This probably indicates that accretion of Mars proceeded rapidly due to solid and gas surface densities significantly larger than those for the minimum mass solar nebula or due to accretion of small fragments or pebbles.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in EPSL
Overexposed? The Effects of Prenatal Pesticide Exposure on Educational Outcomes
Creators: name: Orszag, Leila
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Prenatal influences
subject: Pesticides
subject: Academic achievement
subject: School attendance
subject: Special education
subject: Fresno Unified School District
subject: organophosphate
subject: Proposition 65

description: This thesis aimed to investigate the potential connection between prenatal exposure to two specific types of pesticides (organophosphates and proposition 65 chemicals) and academic outcomes, including both standardized test scores and behavioral measures. The sample was drawn from students enrolled in the Fresno Unified School District in the 2015–16 school year who were born in the state of California. The sample was majority Hispanic (n = 16686) and included slightly more females (n = 14855) than males. Organophosphate exposure had a significant negative effect on standardized test scores (but notably not on behavioral outcomes) in unadjusted analyses, but these effects disappeared after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Proposition 65 chemical exposure did not have a significant effect on any of the outcomes of interest in either the unadjusted or adjusted analyses. In conclusion, it seems unlikely that prenatal pesticide exposure (at the level it currently exists in California) has a significant effect on school-aged children beyond the effects of the demographic factors it is associated with.
"Is It Challenging Them Without Killing Them?" How English Language Arts Teachers Develop Students' Self-Efficacy in the Classroom
Creators: name: Hintzman, Caroline
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education, Secondary
subject: Self-efficacy
subject: Teaching

description: Self-efficacy, first conceptualized by psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977, refers to an individual’s belief in their own abilities. Subsequent research from Bandura links classroom self-efficacy to cognitive benefits and improved academic performance, though most of this research comes from math and science classrooms. My research sought to answer the question: how do high school English language arts teachers think about their students’ self-efficacy, and how does this inform their pedagogy? I conducted semi-structured interviews with five high school English language arts teachers, allowing them to share their goals for students and their strategies for handling various pedagogical challenges they faced. Teachers expressed various goals for their students, wishing that they could express complex ideas in writing, read for understanding, and come to value the process of learning. Challenges for students fell along similar lines, with reading and writing most pressing. A secondary challenge identified was how to challenge students without destroying their confidence. In their responses, teachers discussed working to challenge students while building up their efficacy as writers, specifically through combining modeling and scaffolding. Their interviews also showed a variety of techniques to help students understand class material. Teachers discussed their limitations when it came to student self-efficacy, including how the school system affected students and whether or not they felt they had the power to really change a student’s efficacy. These interviews suggest that teachers are cognizant of the role they play in developing a student’s psyche, and that they feel confident in their ability to help students rise to the challenges of the subject.
Living on the edge of stability, the limits of the nuclear landscape
Creators: name: Forssen, C.
name: Hagen, G.
name: Hjorth-Jensen, M.
name: Nazarewicz, W.
name: Rotureau, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A first-principles description of nuclear systems along the drip lines presents a substantial theoretical and computational challenge. In this paper, we discuss the nuclear theory roadmap, some of the key theoretical approaches, and present selected results with a focus on long isotopic chains. An important conclusion, which consistently emerges from these theoretical analyses, is that three-nucleon forces are crucial for both global nuclear properties and detailed nuclear structure, and that many-body correlations due to the coupling to the particle continuum are essential as one approaches particle drip lines. In the quest for a comprehensive nuclear theory, high performance computing plays a key role.
description: Contribution to proceedings of Nobel Symposium 152: Physics with radioactive beams, June 2012, Gothenburg, Sweden
me++: Finding Oneself in Computer Science
Creators: name: Sarin, Parth
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: computer science education
academic identity
culturally relevant pedagogy
introductory class
narrative as liberatory practice

description: In the university context, student experiences of courses, dorm life, and more affect how they discover where they belong. In that stream of thought, I followed five students taking CS 106A at Stanford to see how they made sense of their position within and relative to computer science, over the course of the quarter. In those interviews, I watched my participants make sense of their experiences, and co-construct knowledge with them. I saw how they were reflecting on their experiences to form a sense of where they belong in computer science, and at Stanford more generally. I propose a framework of three dimensions to capture their reflections: computer science (a) as a cultural milieu; (b) as a constellation of negotiated values; and (c) as an affective experience. As their positions within and relative to computer science evolved throughout the quarter, my participants relied on those three dimensions, in conjunction with one another, to make sense of their experiences in the course. These results problematize the static treatment of one’s position within and with respect to a discipline, and emphasize the importance of liberatory interview practices in qualitative studies of sensemaking. For educators, this work emphasizes the importance of curriculum construction in context—student-centered education requires a nuanced understanding of the student context.
LCAAJ audio for location 48259 (Yahil'nytsya, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Yahil'nytsya, Ukraine (48.941525, 25.74669)
A Generalization of Classical Symmetric Orthogonal Functions Using a Symmetric Generalization of Sturm-Liouville Problems
Creators: name: Masjed-Jamei, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B24, 34L10, 33C47, 05E05

description: In this paper, usual Sturm-Liouville problems are extended for symmetric functions so that the corresponding solutions preserve the orthogonality property. Two basic examples, which are special cases of a generalized Sturm-Liouville problem, are then introduced. First example generalizes the associated Legendre functions having extensive applications in physics and the second example introduces a generic differential equation with various sub-cases that have orthogonal solutions. For instance, this generic equation possesses a symmetric differential equation containing a basic solution of symmetric orthogonal polynomials.
description: 17 pages
An infectious disease model on empirical networks of human contact: bridging the gap between dynamic network data and contact matrices
Creators: name: Machens, Anna
name: Gesualdo, Francesco
name: Rizzo, Caterina
name: Tozzi, Alberto E
name: Barrat, Alain
name: Cattuto, Ciro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integration of empirical data in computational frameworks to model the spread of infectious diseases poses challenges that are becoming pressing with the increasing availability of high-resolution information on human mobility and contacts. This deluge of data has the potential to revolutionize the computational efforts aimed at simulating scenarios and designing containment strategies. However, the integration of detailed data sources yields models that are less transparent and general. Hence, given a specific disease model, it is crucial to assess which representations of the raw data strike the best balance between simplicity and detail. We consider high-resolution data on the face-to-face interactions of individuals in a hospital ward, obtained by using wearable proximity sensors. We simulate the spread of a disease in this community by using an SEIR model on top of different mathematical representations of the contact patterns. We show that a contact matrix that only contains average contact durations fails to reproduce the size of the epidemic obtained with the high-resolution contact data and also to identify the most at-risk classes. We introduce a contact matrix of probability distributions that takes into account the heterogeneity of contact durations between (and within) classes of individuals, and we show that this representation yields a good approximation of the epidemic spreading properties obtained by using the high-resolution data. Our results mark a step towards the definition of synopses of high-resolution dynamic contact networks, providing a compact representation of contact patterns that can correctly inform computational models designed to discover risk groups and evaluate containment policies. We show that this novel kind of representation can preserve in simulation quantitative features of the epidemics that are crucial for their study and management.
Flow and Tilt-Induced Orientation of the Moving Vortex Lattice in Amorphous NbGe Superconducting Thin Films
Creators: name: Kokubo, Nobuhito
name: Yoshimura, Tetsuya
name: Shinozaki, Bunjyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orientation and deformation of moving vortex lattices in the flux-flow state have been investigated in amorphous superconducting NbGe thin films. Employing a mode-locking technique, we detect how moving lattices deform and their orientation changes as a magnetic field is tilted from normal to the film surface. For high tilt angles the lattice orientation is aligned parallely with the tilt direction. Meanwhile for low tilt angles the lattice orientation depends on the vortex velocity and a velocity-induced reorientation occurs. The characteristic velocity for the reorientation varies remarkably as the moving lattices deform. The observed features are consistent with an extended bond-fluctuation theory, revealing that the anisotropic shaking vortex motion is essential for determining the orientation of moving vortex lattices.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, in press
Rézme
Creators: name: Anderson , Jodi
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Employment, Education Technology, Reenrty, Justice, Mobile Application,

description: Rézme’s mobile platform disrupts the outdated 2D resume, cover letter, and background checking model by sourcing, screening, and matching justice-impacted job applicants with second-chance employers. Recommendations from verified sources in an applicant’s social and professional network coupled with personal 60-second audio and video modalities highlight research-based factors of employability while upending negative assumptions about an applicant’s lack of formal job history, training, education, and digital presence.
To Form a More Perfect Union: Using Experiential Simulations to Create Empathetic Changemakers
Creators: name: Forstall, Freya
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: United States history
subject: United States civics education
subject: United States democracy
subject: Experiential learning
subject: Simulation games in education
subject: Education, Elementary
subject: Empathy
subject: American government

description: Fear of a decline in American democracy has focused a national conversation on the role civics education should play to create a more knowledgeable, empathetic, empowered citizenry. I designed and taught an eight hour, once-a-week civics and U.S. history curriculum primarily utilizing simulations and experiential education to 159 fourth grade students from three different Bay Area elementary schools. I use observational, survey self-report, and interview data to examine to what extent students participating in American historical simulations increase their empathy and empowerment, with reflections on my own experience as their teacher. Lesson topics included redlining, Japanese Incarceration camps, confirmation bias, and inequality built into the Constitution. Despite outliers and insufficient quantitative evidence, data from surveys, interviews, and observations support findings that students enacting emotionally engaging simulations in which they were given active roles and agency were successful in increasing greater levels of empathy for each other and for people affected by discriminatory policies discussed through those activities. They improved their knowledge of the government and confidence in their abilities to make a difference in the government and their communities through protests and other political actions. As a teacher, I became aware of my biases to design activities for students with personalities similar to my own and learned that I must find a balance between lectures and experiential simulations in my future classrooms. Overall, this research supports utilizing experiential learning simulations to increase empathy and belief in students’ abilities to positively change their world.
GRay: a Massively Parallel GPU-Based Code for Ray Tracing in Relativistic Spacetimes
Creators: name: Chan, Chi-kwan
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Ozel, Feryal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce GRay, a massively parallel integrator designed to trace the trajectories of billions of photons in a curved spacetime. This GPU-based integrator employs the stream processing paradigm, is implemented in CUDA C/C++, and runs on nVidia graphics cards. The peak performance of GRay using single precision floating-point arithmetic on a single GPU exceeds 300 GFLOP (or 1 nanosecond per photon per time step). For a realistic problem, where the peak performance cannot be reached, GRay is two orders of magnitude faster than existing CPU-based ray tracing codes. This performance enhancement allows more effective searches of large parameter spaces when comparing theoretical predictions of images, spectra, and lightcurves from the vicinities of compact objects to observations. GRay can also perform on-the-fly ray tracing within general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic algorithms that simulate accretion flows around compact objects. Making use of this algorithm, we calculate the properties of the shadows of Kerr black holes and the photon rings that surround them. We also provide accurate fitting formulae of their dependencies on black hole spin and observer inclination, which can be used to interpret upcoming observations of the black holes at the center of the Milky Way, as well as M87, with the Event Horizon Telescope.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, the source code of GRay is available at https://github.com/chanchikwan/gray
Calling for the Vote: A Descriptive Analysis of Calls to the Election Protection Hotline During 2020
Creators: name: Schroeder, Eleanor
name: Political Science
name: Stanford University
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Voting Rights Act of 1965 (United States)
subject: Election law
subject: Elections

description: In my thesis, I explore the present-day actualization of voting rights. After the dismantling of the preclearance requirement of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) with the Supreme Court’s decision in Shelby County v. Holder (2013), what are the contemporary challenges to accessing the franchise, and do those challenges impact communities unevenly? Do historically marginalized communities experience increased burdens in exercising their rights? Is it more challenging for individuals to vote in counties that were previously subject to preclearance but no longer need approval to alter voting procedures? Utilizing a novel data source, Election Protection Hotline data, I analyze the nearly 200,000 reports of voting challenges and questions that the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil rights received during the calendar year of 2020. With a three-pronged research design, first, I offer a state-level descriptive investigation of calls to the Hotline in ten states that met a threshold based on Google Trends results. Second, I focus specifically on four states to compare county-level census demographic information from the American Communities Survey (ACS) and Hotline call volume by county relative to the population. Specifically, I use regression analysis to see how race, median household income, and unemployment rate affect call volume. Finally, I exploit the pre-Shelby County county-to- county variation in preclearance coverage in North Carolina to compare the frequency of calls in localities that were previously covered by preclearance with places that were not covered, investigating the consequences of the Shelby County majority opinion for voters. My results indicate that counties with a larger Black or African American population reported more voting challenges to the Election Protection Hotline. My research also shows that individuals reported more challenges voting in counties that are no longer constrained by the VRA, suggesting that preclearance remains a vital tool to protect minority voting rights and prevent democratic backsliding.
LCAAJ audio for location 48251 (Roztoky, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Roztoky (Ukraina), Ukraine (48.184401, 25.118866)
LCAAJ audio for location 48256 (Zvenyachyn, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Zvenyachyn, Ukraine (48.625583, 25.732578)
Energy dependent power spectral states and origin of aperiodic variability in black hole binaries
Creators: name: Yu, Wenfei
name: Zhang, Wenda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found the black hole candidate MAXI J1659-152 showed distinct power spectra, i.e., a power-law noise (PLN) vs. band-limited noise (BLN) plus quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), below and above about 2 keV respectively, in the observations with the Swift and the RXTE during the 2010 outburst, indicating a high energy cut-off of the PLN and a low energy cut-off of the BLN and the QPOs around 2 keV. The emergence of the PLN and the fading of the BLN and the QPOs initially took place from below 2 keV when the source entered the hard intermediate state and finally settled in the soft state three weeks later. The evolution was accompanied by the emergence of the disk spectral component and decreases in the amplitudes of variability in the soft X-ray and the hard X-ray bands. Our results indicate that the PLN is associated with the optically thick disk in both hard and intermediate states, and power spectral state is independent of the X-ray energy spectral state in a broadband view. We suggest that in the hard and the intermediate state, the BLN and the QPOs emerge from the innermost hot flow subjected to Comptonization, while the PLN originates from the optically thick disk further out. The energy cut-offs of the PLN and the BLN or QPOs then follow the temperature of the seed photons from the inner edge of the optically thick disk, while the high frequency cut-off of the PLN follows the orbital frequency at the inner edge of the optically thick disk as well.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Privacy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analyzing the Impact of the Length of Data Privacy Law Existence on Variation in COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps
Creators: name: Wolfe, Avalon
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: contact tracing apps
data privacy
Center on Democracy Development and the Rule of Law

description: The rapid creation of contact tracing apps at the beginning of COVID-19 is unprecedented given that 109 countries adopted these apps in the span of just a few months. Governments turned to contact tracing apps to speed up the process of manual contact tracing, piloting a system that had never been used before. This was often presented as a solution to the pandemic, but these apps came with the innate drawback of collecting sensitive personal information. This data collection gave governments an opportunity to use contact tracing apps as a way to expand surveillance of their populations. There are many concerns that this surveillance will persist after the end of the pandemic, which poses a significant risk to privacy and civil liberties at large. In this thesis, I seek to understand how the length of time that a country has had a data privacy law impacts the implementation of its contact tracing app. I find that the duration of a data privacy law has no impact on a country’s contact tracing app implementation. Instead, country-specific factors play a role. I look at the cases of Australia and South Korea, as they both have had a data privacy law for a long period of time but implemented their contact tracing apps in very different ways. I argue that Australia’s previous mishandling of digital projects and South Korea’s experience with the 2015 MERS outbreak alongside the government’s skillful deployment of technology shaped how the two countries designed their contact tracing apps.
A Novel Approach to Constrain the Mass Ratio of Minor Mergers in Elliptical Galaxies: Application to NGC 4889, the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Coma
Creators: name: Gu, Meng
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Peng, Chien Y.
name: Huang, Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minor mergers are thought to be important for the build-up and structural evolution of massive elliptical galaxies. In this work, we report the discovery of a system of four shell features in NGC 4889, one of the brightest members of the Coma cluster, using optical images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The shells are well aligned with the major axis of the host and are likely to have been formed by the accretion of a small satellite galaxy. We have performed a detailed two-dimensional photometric decomposition of NGC 4889 and of the many overlapping nearby galaxies in its vicinity. This comprehensive model allows us not only to firmly detect the low-surface brightness shells, but, crucially, also to accurately measure their luminosities and colors. The shells are bluer than the underlying stars at the same radius in the main galaxy. We make use of the colors of the shells and the color-magnitude relation of the Coma cluster to infer the luminosity (or mass) of the progenitor galaxy. The shells in NGC 4889 appear to have been produced by the minor merger of a moderate-luminosity (M_I ~ -18.7 mag) disk (S0 or spiral) galaxy with a luminosity (mass) ratio of ~ 90:1 with respect to the primary galaxy. The novel methodology presented in this work can be exploited to decode the fossil record imprinted in the photometric substructure of other nearby early-type galaxies.
description: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal; 11 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures; For the full resolution version, please see: http://users.obs.carnegiescience.edu/shuang/Gu2013.pdf
The City of Austin FY 2021 Budget Survey - Report
Creators: name: Chen, Yiling
name: Gelauff, Lodewijk
name: Goel, Ashish
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: participatory budgeting
subject: Texas--Austin
subject: city budget

description: This budgeting survey was collaboratively designed by the City of Austin Budget Office and the Stanford Crowdsourced Democracy Team. The purpose was to gain constructive insights into the budgeting prefer- ences of residents of Austin as input for the FY2021 budget process.
The survey was first published on May 1 with an anticipated end date of May 31, and then extended due to popular demand into June. It was designed before the impact of the COVID-19 crisis became apparent, and the increased attention for the Black Lives Matter movement in May. 

The survey was completed and submitted by 37,006 respondents. We observe a steep increase of the number of responses on May 31, which coincided with an increased activity in the Black Lives Matter movement after the killing of George Floyd by the hands of police and calls for reducing police funding in general.
The City of Long Beach FY 2021 Budget Exercise - Final Report
Creators: name: Gelauff, Lodewijk
name: Reamer, Samuel T.
name: Goel, Ashish
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Participatory budgeting
subject: California--Long Beach
subject: City Budget

description: This budgeting exercise was designed by the Stanford Crowdsourced Democracy Team. The purpose was to both allow residents of Long Beach to gain insights in the budgeting trade-offs, and let them provide input to the City for their FY2021 budget process.
The survey was first published on August 4 and responses were collected until September 4. The survey was designed in coordination with the City of Long Beach budgeting department. The City is facing a budget shortfall of about $ 30 million, and in this exercise the residents are asked to choose between various budgeting policies that would together add up to address that deficit.
The survey consisted of two sections: Budget and Demographics. The exercise was presented as a ”glimpse of some of the tough choices managers have to make in balancing the City’s budget”. The exercise did not pretend to represent the City’s proposed budget or adds/cuts that are up for consideration, but rather stand-ins.
Marian Smoluchowski: A story behind one photograph
Creators: name: Ilnytska, A.
name: Ilnytskyi, J.
name: Holovatch, Yu.
name: Trokhymchuk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the photograph procured from the archives of the V. Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine dated by 1904 which shows Marian Smoluchowski together with professors and graduate students of the Philosophy department of the Lviv University. The personalia includes both the professors and the graduates depicted on the photograph with the emphasis on the graduates as being much less known and studied. The photograph originates from the collection of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, therefore a brief historical background on the activities of physicists in this society around that period of time is provided as well.
description: 8 pages, 1 photograph
LCAAJ audio for location 48254 (Kolomyia, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Kolomyia, Ukraine (48.530556, 25.040278)
Sensory-Friendly Design in the United States
Creators: name: Gady, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (United States)
subject: Barrier-free design
subject: Design
subject: Autism
subject: Sensory-friendly
subject: Accessibility
subject: Public spaces
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (United States)
subject: Sensory stimulation
subject: Sensory discrimination

description: In the United States, the accessibility of public space design is largely guided by the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act, passed in 1990. These criteria largely detail physical accessibility guidelines intended to ensure accessibility of public spaces by individuals with varying physical ability levels. While these requirements undoubtedly have a positive impact on the experiences of people with physical differences, current ADA standards provide little - though not zero - guidance on making spaces accessible for individuals with autism spectrum disorder or other neurological differences which increase sensitivity to sensory stimuli, despite this being a protected disability category as defined by the most recent Standards for Accessible Design published in 2010. As the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in the United States increases each year, engineers and architects have the opportunity to further improve accessibility of public spaces to children and adults with autism by incorporating thoughtful sensory design strategies into public design schemes. 

This thesis utilizes research on existing accessibility standards with an examination of the intention of public space design to include and exclude certain members of society from the public eye. In addition, this work draws upon the author’s personal experiences as a sibling of someone with autism, as well as supplementary interviews of experts with many hours of experience interacting with individuals with autism spectrum disorder in order to determine which design strategies might be most effective in ensuring sensory accessibility for individuals with sensitivities to sensory stimuli. These conclusions result in several recommendations for design requirements which may be added to existing accessibility design standards. These key recommendations for public spaces include the implementation of shading and thoughtful lighting strategy, the use of auditory barriers and noise-dampening surfaces, and increase of access to privacy within public spaces. When applied on a broad scale, public spaces may become generally more accessible to individuals of all sensory sensitivities and to the broader community as a whole.
A 10,000 star spectroscopic survey of the thick disk-halo interface : Phase-space sub-structure in the thick disk
Creators: name: Jayaraman, Apoorva
name: Gilmore, Gerard
name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
name: Norris, John E.
name: Belokurov, Vasily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a 10,000 star spectroscopic survey, focused on Galactic thick disk stars typically 2-5 kpc from the Sun, carried out using the AAOmega Spectrograph on the AAT. We develop methods for completeness-correction of the survey based on SDSS photometry, and we derive star distances using an improved isochrone-fitting method with accuracies better than 10%. We determine the large-scale kinematic (Vphi=172 km/s and sigma(phi,r,z) = (49,51,40) km/s), and abundance properties of the thick disk, showing these representative values are a fair description within about 3 kpc of the sun, and in the range 1-3 kpc from the Galactic Plane. We identify a substantial overdensity in lines of sight towards the inner Galaxy, with metallicity [Fe/H] -1 dex, and higher line of sight velocities than the thick disk, localised along the direction (l,b)=(48,-26). This overdensity appears to be towards, but closer than, the known Hercules-Aquila halo overdensity and may be related to the Humphreys-Larsen inner galaxy thick disk asymmetry.
description: 25 Pages, 26 Figures, Accepted by MNRAS
LCAAJ audio for location 48248 (Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislau), Ukraine (48.801209, 24.930844)
SUSD Formative Assessment Implementation: Student Agency
Creators: name: Ayala , Yesenia
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: formative assessment
student agency
equity
policy-practice

description: For two academic quarters as part of my fieldwork, I supported WestEd’s partnership with Sunnyside Unified School District. For the last seven years, Sunnyside Unified School District has created and continues to build the infrastructure and culture to successfully implement formative assessment. With the district guiding the learning, WestEd works as a partner to support them by providing professional development opportunities and resources. Through thoughtful planning and creating an intentional plan, the first stage of the work consisted of learning about the formative assessment practice and the evidence-based approach to the work. In March 2022, I visited the site for five days, where I experienced the shift between research and practice. Among my work and visit to the district in Tucson, Arizona, I co-led focus groups, attended sessions on agency with educators and site leaders, attended classroom walks, met with site and district leadership, attended a student cabinet session, and engaged with leaders on the role of student agency and equity in formative assessment.  Among the materials, you will find our site visit interview protocols and questions for students and educators, a student agency starter resource guide proposal for the district, a sample lesson informed by the proposal, site presentation, reflection blog, and other supporting material.
Gas-regulation of galaxies: the evolution of the cosmic sSFR, the metallicity-mass-SFR relation and the stellar content of haloes
Creators: name: Lilly, Simon J.
name: Carollo, C. Marcella
name: Pipino, Antonio
name: Renzini, Alvio
name: Peng, Yingjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A very simple physical model of galaxies, in which the formation of stars is instantaneously regulated by the mass of gas in a reservoir, links together three different aspects of the evolving galaxy population:(a) the cosmic time evolution of the specific star-formation rate sSFR relative to the growth of haloes, (b) the gas-phase metallicities across the galaxy population and over cosmic time, and (c) the ratio of the stellar to dark matter mass of haloes. If the SFR efficiency and wind mass loading are constant, the sSFR is set to the specific accretion rate of the galaxy: more realistic situations lead to an sSFR which is perturbed from this identity. The metallicity is set by the instantaneous operation of the regulator system rather than by the past history of the system. The regulator system naturally produces a Z(mstar, SFR) relation, with SFR as a second parameter in the mass-metallicity relation. This will be the same at all epochs unless the efficiency and mass-loading change with time, naturally producing a so-called "fundamental metallicity relation". The observed Z(mstar) relation of SDSS galaxies implies a strong dependence of stellar mass on halo mass that reconciles the different faint end slopes of the stellar and halo mass-functions in standard ΛCDM. It also boosts the sSFR relative to the specific accretion rate and produces a different dependence on mass, both of which are observed. The derived Z(mstar, SFR) relation for the regulator system is fit to published Z(mstar, SFR) data. The fitted efficiency is consistent with observed molecular gas-depletion timescales in galaxies while the fitted mass-loading is also plausible. The model also successfully reproduces the mass-metallicity relation of star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2.
description: Accepted for Publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Extended holographic Ricci dark energy in chameleon Brans-Dicke cosmology
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Surajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we have studied some features of the generalized Brans-Dicke (BD) model in which the scalar field is allowed to couple non-minimally with matter sector. Extended holographic Ricci dark energy (EHRDE) has been considered in the above framework of BD cosmology. Some restrictions have been derived for the BD parameter $ω$ and a stronger matter-chameleon coupling has been observed with expansion of the universe. In this framework, the equation of state parameter of EHRDE has behaved like quintom. Also, we have reconstructed the potential and coupling function for BD model for the EHRDE. It has been observed that potential function is increasing as the matter-chameleon coupling is getting stronger.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
On the Lira law and the nature of extinction towards Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Förster, Francisco
name: González-Gaitán, Santiago
name: Folatelli, Gastón
name: Morrell, Nidia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the relation between the color evolution of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) from maximum light to the Lira law regime and the presence of narrow absorption features. Based on a nearby sample of 89 SNe Ia we have found that the rate of change of B-V colors at late phases (between 35 and 80 days after maximum) varies significantly among different SNe Ia. At maximum light, faster Lira law B-V decliners have significantly higher equivalent widths of blended Na I D1 & D2 narrow absorption lines, redder colors and lower R_V reddening laws. We do not find faster Lira law B-V decliners to have a strong preference for younger galaxy environments, where higher interstellar material (ISM) column densities would be expected. We interpret these results as evidence for the presence of circumstellar material (CSM). The differences in colors and reddening laws found at maximum light are also present 55 days afterward, but unlike the colors at maximum, they show a significant variation among different host galaxy morphological types. This suggests that the effect of ISM on the colors is more apparent at late times. Finally, we discuss how the transversal expansion of the ejecta in an inhomogeneous ISM could mimic some of these findings.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Group classification of variable coefficient quasilinear reaction-diffusion equations
Creators: name: Vaneeva, Olena
name: Zhalij, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A30, 35K57

description: The group classification of variable coefficient quasilinear reaction-diffusion equations $u_t=u_{xx}+h(x)B(u)$ is carried out exhaustively. This became possible due to usage of a conditional equivalence group found in the course of the study of admissible point transformation within the class.
description: 10 pages, submitted to the Proceedings of the XVII Geometrical Seminar (September 3-8, 2012, Zlatibor, Serbia)
Education as an International Export: Marketing Elite, English Schools as Franchises Overseas
Creators: name: Hollis, Stefano David Hugh
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: International education
subject: International schools
subject: School expansion
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Elite education
subject: Overseas franchise schools
subject: Stanford Graduate School of Education International Comparative Education

description: A growing portion of international schools are franchised branches of schools originally founded in other countries. The first of such schools opened in 1996 and there are now almost 100 globally. Expansionist schools are primarily elite, English private schools, with concentrations of
their franchises developing in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and East Asia over the past quarter of a century—and particularly in mainland China in the past decade. This study explores how such schools adapt the language and focus of their marketing and, in doing so, sustain their
privilege across various contexts. A qualitative textual analysis is conducted of the websites of 11 schools run by Dulwich College and Harrow  School, both the first brands to expand overseas and those with the most extensive networks of schools today. A lens of international schools as enclosures of privilege is used to demonstrate how schools adapt themselves and their framing. The study finds the promotional focus of the schools depends not just on whether they are the founding school or a franchise, but also on their relative ages, and on their varying locations within specific sociocultural contexts. An emergent hybrid model, catering to both local and international curricular requirements, blends the local with the global and complicates the conventional notion of the international school. Finally, the study suggests that further research is focused on the franchising of elite education, particularly as the focal point of expansion begins to shift away from the mainland Chinese boom of the past decade.
LCAAJ audio for location 48243 (Verkhovyna, Ukraine)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Verkhovyna (Zhab'ye; Żabie), Ukraine (48.154323, 24.819694)
"Creating space" and "losing face": barriers to and motivating factors for choosing teaching careers among Asian American pre-service teachers
Creators: name: Holst, Abby Li
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Teacher career choice
subject: Asian Americans
subject: Teacher diversity
subject: Pre-service teachers
subject: Social Cognitive Career Theory
subject: FIT-Choice
subject: Asian Critical Theory
subject: Stanford Graduate School of Education International Education Policy Analysis

description: Teachers of color are vastly underrepresented in the U.S. K-12 public school teacher workforce. Yet few studies have explored why teachers of color—particularly Asian Americans—decide to become teachers. This qualitative paper examines the barriers, drawbacks, and motivations to
join the teaching profession for seven Asian American pre-service teachers in a university-based teacher education program in California. Interviews and surveys revealed that pre-service teachers overcame many sociocultural barriers to becoming teachers, such as social
discouragement from family. Intrinsic and altruistic reasons, formative teaching-related experiences, and diversity and inclusion goals motivated them to enter the profession.