cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coronal Elemental Abundance: New Results from Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of the Sun
Creators: name: Narendranath, S.
name: Sreekumar, P.
name: Pillai, Netra S
name: Panini, S.
name: Sankarasubramanian, K.
name: Huovelin, Juhani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elemental abundances in the solar corona are known to be different from those observed in the solar photosphere. The ratio of coronal to photospheric abundance shows a dependence on the first ionisation potential (FIP) of the element. We estimate FIP bias from direct measurements of elemental abundances from soft X-ray spectra using data from multiple space missions covering a range of solar activity levels. This comprehensive analysis shows clear evidence for a decrease in FIP bias around maximum intensity of the X-ray flare with coronal abundances briefly tending to photospheric values and a slow recovery as the flare decays. The departure from coronal abundances are larger for the low FIP elements Ca, Fe and Si than for S which have a mid FIP value. These changes in the degree of fractionation might provide inputs to model wave propagation through the chromosphere during flares.
description: accepted for publication in Solar Physics
A Gender Analysis of NGOs’ Advocacy and Program Reports with Respect to Child Marriage
Creators: name: Gaudreau-Lebel, Edith
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2021
Subjects: Child marriage
Gender
Discourse Analysis
NGO

description: This thesis looks at the issue of child marriage and the discourse used by major international NGOs in their program reports and briefs to promote the end of child marriage. Through this thesis, it is argued that there is a need for a more prominent gender analysis that takes into account the current structural conditions which perpetuate gender inequality and reinforce notions of vulnerability and disempowerment of the child forced to marry (girl or boy). Child marriage programming fails to fully address the transformative changes needed to end – or to significantly impact - this global problem and to fully address the denial of human rights arising from child marriage. Using a qualitative content analysis and discourse analysis, this thesis examines 10 publicly-available documents based on a continuum of impacts from essentialism, to gender mainstreaming, to transformative change. The findings shows that there is a prevalence of gender mainstreaming discourse, although still often employed in conjunction with some gender essentialist language. To see real change in the world, there needs to be a switch towards transformative language within the discourse of organizations that are trying to make a change on the ground.
title: A mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma – presenting with microscopic haematuria
Creators: name: Bannebjerg, Rikke
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Pelvis
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: CT
subject: Acute
subject: Cancer
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 53-year-old male presented with 3 weeks of lower abdominal pain. Urine analysis showed leucocytes, microscopic blood, and protein. Physical examination was normal. 

description: 53 years, male
Topological Computation without Braiding
Creators: name: Bombin, H.
name: Martin-Delgado, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that universal quantum computation can be performed within the ground state of a topologically ordered quantum system, which is a naturally protected quantum memory. In particular, we show how this can be achieved using brane-net condensates in 3-colexes. The universal set of gates is implemented without selective addressing of physical qubits and, being fully topologically protected, it does not rely on quasiparticle excitations or their braiding.
description: revtex4, 4 pages, 4 figures
Into the UV: The Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter HAT-P-41b Revealed
Creators: name: Lewis, Nikole K.
name: Wakeford, Hannah R.
name: MacDonald, Ryan J.
name: Goyal, Jayesh M.
name: Sing, David K.
name: Barstow, Joanna
name: Powell, Diana
name: Kataria, Tiffany
name: Mishra, Ishan
name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Batalha, Natasha E.
name: Moses, Julie I.
name: Gao, Peter
name: Wilson, Tom J.
name: Chubb, Katy L.
name: Mikal-Evans, Thomas
name: Nikolov, Nikolay
name: Pirzkal, Nor
name: Spake, Jessica J.
name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Valenti, Jeff
name: Zhang, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For solar-system objects, ultraviolet spectroscopy has been critical in identifying sources for stratospheric heating and measuring the abundances of a variety of hydrocarbon and sulfur-bearing species, produced via photochemical mechanisms, as well as oxygen and ozone. To date, less than 20 exoplanets have been probed in this critical wavelength range (0.2-0.4 um). Here we use data from Hubble's newly implemented WFC3 UVIS G280 grism to probe the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-41b in the ultraviolet through optical in combination with observations at infrared wavelengths. We analyze and interpret HAT-P-41b's 0.2-5.0 um transmission spectrum using a broad range of methodologies including multiple treatments of data systematics as well as comparisons with atmospheric forward, cloud microphysical, and multiple atmospheric retrieval models. Although some analysis and interpretation methods favor the presence of clouds or potentially a combination of Na, VO, AlO, and CrH to explain the ultraviolet through optical portions of HAT-P-41b's transmission spectrum, we find that the presence of a significant H- opacity provides the most robust explanation. We obtain a constraint for the abundance of H-, log(H-) = -8.65 +/- 0.62 in HAT-P-41b's atmosphere, which is several orders of magnitude larger than predictions from equilibrium chemistry for a 1700 - 1950 K hot Jupiter. We show that a combination of photochemical and collisional processes on hot hydrogen-dominated exoplanets can readily supply the necessary amount of H- and suggest that such processes are at work in HAT-P-41b and many other hot Jupiter atmospheres.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. Published in ApJL (October 8th 2020)
A Grammar Induction Approach for Learning and Generating Suggestions from User Interactions
Creators: name: Dabek, Filip John
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: interaction automata
parallel coordinates
presenting suggestions
suggestion rules
user interaction
visual analytics

description: With the amount of data present for research at an all-time high and growing quickly,and with the tedious and difficult process of analyzing visualizations to identify patterns and trends in data that possibly may never be found, the need for guiding a user is becoming increasingly important.  Existing approaches for solving such problems typically display the history of interactions, relying on the user to identify their own missteps and find the correct path on the way to the answer [10, 11, 13, 19].  We provide an approach to assist users in obtaining answers to their research questions through the use of interaction suggestions.  We outline the details of our grammar induction algorithm to generate suggestions and define the rules used to identify a lost user and to keep users on track in finding an answer, thus improving their performance. In our approach we define performance as being the accuracy of a user's answer, the total time, and the total number of actions it took to answer a given question.  We claim, through an IRB approved user study, that our approach reduces the variance of the accuracy of a user and the number of actions that they take in obtaining an answer.  Our results show that users accept 54% of suggestions, which is significantly greater than the random chance of providing an accurate suggestion.  With those suggestions our approach produces equal or better performance in users 91% of the time.  We conclude that our suggestions do not impede the user, but rather only improve their performance while guiding them along the visual analytic process.
title: Circumportal annular pancreas
Creators: name: Giarraputo, Leonardo
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Anatomy
subject: Pancreas
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: Case 1. A 72-year-old man referred to our Department for an MRI of the upper abdomen to rule out a hepatic lesion detected by abdominal sonography performed in a private centre.

Case 2. A 50-year-old man investigated with an abdominal MRI for a renal angiomyolipoma.

description: 72 years, male; 50 years, male
Disorder-enhanced phase coherence in trapped bosons on optical lattices
Creators: name: Sengupta, Pinaki
name: Raghavan, Aditya
name: Haas, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The consequences of disorder on interacting bosons trapped in optical lattices are investigated by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. At small to moderate strengths of potential disorder a unique effect is observed: if there is a Mott plateau at the center of the trap in the clean limit, phase coherence {\it increases} as a result of disorder. The localization effects due to correlation and disorder compete against each other, resulting in a partial delocalization of the particles in the Mott region, which in turn leads to increased phase coherence. In the absence of a Mott plateau, this effect is absent. A detailed analysis of the uniform system without a trap shows that the disordered states participate in a Bose glass phase.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Pseudolipoma of Glisson's capsule
Creators: name: Prasad, Sandeep Govindan
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 29-year-old lady came with complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium since 1 week. The pain was sudden in onset and dull aching in nature. There was no history of trauma, fever or jaundice. There was no history of previous abdominal surgeries. Ultrasound examination of abdomen revealed gall stones. 

description: 29 years, female
Self-Regulation in Undergraduate Women Binge and Non-Binge Drinkers
Creators: name: Nidecker, Melissa Faley
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2007
Subjects: affect regulation
executive cognitive functioning
binge drinking
women
college
Psychology, General (0621)

description: The present study examined the generalizability of the idea found in prior studies that women who drink heavily are likely to have problems with affect regulation. This study looked specifically at college women, and while assuming that there would be differences in affect dysregulation (AD) among those who binge drink and those who do not, also investigated whether executive cognitive functioning (ECF) could play a role in distinguishing these two groups. AD and ECF were considered as variables involved in the construct of self-regulation. Peer drinking, alcohol expectancies, coping strategies, and personality were also viewed as factors involved in self-regulation and were investigated as well. Participants were 123 women aged 18 to 24 who were enrolled at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County and reported having at least one drink in the past month in addition to at least one in the past year. Data was collected from self-report questionnaires on self-regulation variables, and a structured interview that assessed drinking frequencies, quantities, and patterns. Based on the interview, participants were divided into two groups: those who had binged (4 or more drinks on one occasion) in the past month and over 6 times in the past year, and those who had not binged in the past month but may have 6 or less times in the past year. Results showed that AD was not a significant predictor of binge drinking.  However, peer drinking and having positive alcohol expectancies did predict group membership. Subanalyses using current bingers, past bingers, and never bingers (N = 150) showed that in addition to peer drinking and expectancies, ECF, coping, and personality were significant in distinguishing drinking groups. Rather than using alcohol for affect regulation, results highlight alternative reasons college women may have for excessive drinking.
Turbulent luminance in impassioned van Gogh paintings
Creators: name: Aragón, J. L.
name: Naumis, Gerardo G.
name: Bai, M.
name: Torres, M.
name: Maini, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Everything in the last period of Vincent van Gogh paintings seems to be moving; this dynamical style served to transmit his own feelings about a figure or a landscape. Since the early impressionism, artists emprically discovered that an adequate use of luminance could generate the sensation of motion. This sentation was more complex in the case of van Gogh paintings of the last period: turbulence is the main adjective used to describe these paintings. It has been specifically mentioned, for instance, that the famous painting \emph{Starry Night}, vividly transmits the sense of turbulence and was compared with a picture of a distant star from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, where eddies probably caused by dust and gas turbulence are clearly seen [1]. It is the purpose of this paper to show that the probability distribution function (PDF) of luminance fluctuations in some impassioned van Gogh paintings, painted at times close to periods of prolonged psychotic agitation of this artist, compares notable well with the PDF of the velocity differences in a turbulent flow as predicted by the statistical theory of Kolmogorov. This is not the first time that this analogy with hydrodinamic turbulence is reported in a field far different from fluid mechanics; it has been also observed in fluctuations of the foreign exchange markets time series [2].
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Where do those data go? Reuse of screening results from clinical trials to estimate population prevalence of HBV infection in adults in Kilifi, Kenya
Creators: name: Downs, LO
name: Campbell, C
name: Abouyannis, M
name: Otiende, M
name: Kapulu, M
name: Obiero, CW
name: Hamaluba, M
name: Ngetsa, C
name: Andersson, MI
name: Githinji, G
name: Warimwe, G
name: Baisley, K
name: Scott, JAG
name: Matthews, PC
name: Etyang, A
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Infectious Disease
subject: Infectious Disease
classificationCode: Immunology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genetics & Genomics

description: Chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) is a significant problem worldwide with around 300 million people infected. Ambitious goals have been set towards its elimination as a public health threat by 2030. However, accurate seroprevalence estimates in many countries are lacking or fail to provide representative population estimates, particularly in the WHO African Region (AFRO). This means the full extent of HBV infection is not well described, leading to a lack of investment in diagnostics, treatment and disease prevention. Clinical trials in the WHO AFRO region have been increasing over time and many test for infectious diseases including hepatitis B virus (HBV) to determine baseline eligibility for participants, however these screening data are not reported. Here we review data from six clinical trials completed at the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme between 2016 and 2023 that screened for HBV using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as part of the trial exclusion criteria. 1727 people had HBsAg results available, of which 60 tested positive. We generated a crude period HBV prevalence estimate of 3.5% (95% CI 2.6–4.5%), and after standardisation for sex and age to account for the population structure of the Kilifi Health Demographics Surveillance System (KHDSS), the prevalence estimate increased to 5.0% (95% CI 3.4–6.6%). The underrepresentation of women in these trials was striking with 1263/1641 (77%) of participants being male. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher in the HBsAg positive group but was not outside the normal range. We argue that routine collation and publishing of data from clinical trials could increase precision and geographical representation of global HBV prevalence estimates, enabling evidence-based provision of clinical care pathways and public health interventions to support progress towards global elimination targets. We do acknowledge when using clinical trials data for seroprevalence estimates, that local population structure data is necessary to allow standardisation of results, and the point of care tests used here are limited in sensitivity and specificity.
Determination of the D0 -> K+pi- Relative Strong Phase Using Quantum-Correlated Measurements in e+e- -> D0 D0bar at CLEO
Creators: name: The CLEO Collaboration
name: Asner, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit the quantum coherence between pair-produced D0 and D0bar in psi(3770) decays to study charm mixing, which is characterized by the parameters x and y, and to make a first determination of the relative strong phase δbetween doubly Cabibbo-suppressed D0 -> K+pi- and Cabibbo-favored D0bar -> K+pi-. We analyze a sample of 1.0 million D0D0bar pairs from 281 pb^-1 of e+e- collision data collected with the CLEO-c detector at E_cm = 3.77 GeV. By combining CLEO-c measurements with branching fraction input and time-integrated measurements of R_M = (x^2+y^2)/2 and R_{WS} = Gamma(D0 -> K+pi-)/Gamma(D0bar -> K+pi-) from other experiments, we find \cosδ= 1.03 +0.31-0.17 +- 0.06, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. In addition, by further including external measurements of charm mixing parameters, we obtain an alternate measurement of \cosδ= 1.10 +- 0.35 +- 0.07, as well as x\sinδ= (4.4 +2.7-1.8 +- 2.9) x 10^-3 and δ= 22 +11-12 +9-11 degrees.
description: 37 pages, also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2007/. Incorporated referee's comments
title: Isolated jejunal transection following blunt abdominal trauma, a rare occurrence with delayed diagnosis.
Creators: name: Prasad Upadhyaya, Rudra
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Physics
subject: Obstetrics
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 56-year-old male was brought to emergency with history of fall from height. Slightly distended abdomen was the only finding on examination. Patient was admitted and closely monitored on clinical background. Progressive abdominal distension increased leucocyte count and raised lactate level was detected in next day. 

description: 56 years, male
title: Massive splenic pseudoaneurysm following blunt abdominal trauma: the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
Creators: name: Panayiotou, Andreas
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Spleen
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Complications
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Trauma
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: An 18-year-old boy presented to the emergency department following a fall from his moped. He sustained an injury of the spleen and haemoperitoneum. The patient was discharged following successful selective arterial embolization of the spleen. Two weeks later he presented again with abdominal pain, low-grade fever, and raised inflammatory markers.

description: 18 years, male
Yangian Bootstrap for Massive Feynman Integrals
Creators: name: Loebbert, Florian
name: Miczajka, Julian
name: Müller, Dennis
name: Münkler, Hagen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the study of the recently discovered Yangian symmetry of massive Feynman integrals and its relation to massive momentum space conformal symmetry. After proving the symmetry statements in detail at one and two loop orders, we employ the conformal and Yangian constraints to bootstrap various one-loop examples of massive Feynman integrals. In particular, we explore the interplay between Yangian symmetry and hypergeometric expressions of the considered integrals. Based on these examples we conjecture single series representations for all dual conformal one-loop integrals in D spacetime dimensions with generic massive propagators.
description: 61 pages
Fungal endophytes isolated from Withania somnifera Markedly exhibit antitumor activity against human glioblastoma
Creators: name: Ahmad, Arshad
name: Khan, Sumera Afzal
name: Khan, Ishaq Nasib
name: Iqbal, Amjad
name: Hamayun, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: In the current study, five fungal endophytes (WR-1, WR-2, WR-3, WR-4, WS-6) were isolated from the roots and stem of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, and tested fungal culture filtrates (FCF) against the brain tumour (glioblastoma) cell line (U-87). All FCFs showed anti-tumour activity with an IC50 value of 3.5, 6.0, 3.2, 6.0, and 0.95 µg/mL, respectively. HPLC fractionation of WS-6 showed the presence of 11 compounds (A1–A11), all with good anti-tumour activities (IC 50 3.5, 5.0, 5.0, 3.6, 2.5, 1.7, 2.3, 2.7, 0.9, 1.8 and 0.4 µg/mL, respectively). We report for the first time, the anti-tumour activity of 1-Docosene, Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester, Hexadecane, 1,1-bis(dodecyloxy)-, Benzene, 1,1'-(2-methyl-2-(phenylthio)cyclopropylidene) bis-, Naphthalene, 1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl- (A1–A6), identified by GC-MS. The rest (A7–A11) had earlier reports of anticancer activities on cell lines other than U-87. We conclude that endophytic WS-6 (Aspergillus fumigatus) produces antitumor compounds that might be helpful in future drug development against brain tumours, especially glioblastoma.
title: The black swan among volvuli
Creators: name: As, Aswathi
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Anatomy
subject: Colon
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 37-year-old female with history of abdominal pain, distension and constipation for 4 days duration. She is having intellectual disability. No other comorbidities.

description: 37 years, female
Rates and Predictors of Community-Based Care within a System of Care
Creators: name: Connors, Elizabeth Halsted
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Children
Community-based Care
Logistic Regression
Mental Health
Multiple Imputation
Systems of Care

description: Utilizing data from the largest national system of care demonstration, placement outcomes of 925 youth ages 5-18 with serious mental health conditions who were already placed in out-of-home care upon intake were examined over 24 months. Significantly more youth remained in a restrictive placement, and among those who returned to the community (44.9%), most did so within the first six months. Logistic regression was used to identify individual and family-level predictors of placement. Hispanic youth displayed a twice likelihood of returning to the community, and emotional and behavioral problems were weakly but significantly associated with lower odds of returning to the community. Findings to support a generalizable model of predicting community-based placement may have been suppressed due to unmeasured heterogeneity among local grantee sites. Rigorous evaluation of all youth placements (including effective out-of-home settings) is suggested to inform culturally-competent treatment planning, treatment success definitions, and appropriate system-level triage of care.
PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES TO PRODUCTIVE USE OF FREE TIME OF UPPER CLASS STUDENTS
Creators: name: Ibragimova, Saule
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Nowadays, effective use of free time of students in general education schools is of great importance. Various spiritual and educational events and sports competitions held in schools help in shaping the education of students, in making them become perfect people in the future, and in forming their worldview. In this study, I collected information based on the opinions of experienced pedagogues and psychologists on the effective use of free time of students and the further increase of students' interest in science, cultural and educational choices.
title: Plantar fascia tear
Creators: name: Dias, Ricardo
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 78-year-old male patient suffering from chronic heel pain on weight-bearing experienced a sharp pain with snapping sensation in the plantar aspect of the right heel after prolonged walking. The patient walked with an antalgic gait and physical examination revealed local swelling at the calcaneal attachment of the plantar fascia.

description: 78 years, male
Toolkit briefing (Portuguese/Português)
Creators: name: ySKILLS
Publisher: name: KU Leuven: ySKILLS
Year: 2024

description: A equipa do projeto ySKILLS tem todo o gosto em partilhar um kit concebido para envolver crianças e adolescentes na aprendizagem de competências digitais. O kit integra materiais e atividades que resultam de uma ampla pesquisa realizada por este projeto de investigação. Pode encontrar mais informação em www.yskills.eu.

Este guia fornece informações sobre o conteúdo e aspetos práticos do kit.
title: Paget’s disease of breast
Creators: name: Melo, Tatiana
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast imaging
subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: Female, 85 years old, presents with right nipple itching and ulceration for some weeks. At physical examination, the nipple was eroded with red granulation surface and a little hematic exudate (Figure 1). The breast skin was otherwise normal. There were not palpable breast masses or enlarged axillary lymph nodes. 

description: 85 years, female
Structure of the Myristylated Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Matrix Protein
Creators: name: Brown, Lola
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV
matrix protein
membrane targeting
PI(4
5)P2
structural biology

description: HIV continues to be a major health concern in America. This work investigates the use of felines as a suitable animal model for HIV. Efforts continue to identify animal models that are more affordable than the current standard. The feline/feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model system provides a plausible animal model for HIV. To determine the feasibility of felines as a good animal model for HIV, we will compare FIV matrix to HIV matrix. In HIV-1, matrix binds to phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 via a 14-carbon myristate group. The structure of myristylated FIV matrix protein has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that FIV matrix has a structure similar to that of HIV-1 matrix. To test this hypothesis, we solved the structure of myristylated FIV matrix protein using solution NMR and compared its structure to unmyristylated FIV matrix and myristylated HIV matrix. Mutations (Q5A, G6S) were made to residues near the N-terminus of matrix protein in order for it to be myrsitylated by yeast N-myristyltransferase. To conduct NMR studies, we identified conditions to keep the protein soluble and stable. Decreasing the temperature of the NMR experiments and using a neutral pH kept the protein soluble and stable enough to collect 2D, 3D and 4D NMR data. Myristylated FIV matrix protein is a globular protein, comprised of 5 alpha helices and 2 beta interactions. A basic patch is present in a region between helix I and II of the protein. The myristate group packs into the protein and is stabilized by interactions with Phe 90, Ile 53, and Leu 60. The myristylated FIV matrix protein is homologous to myristylated HIV matrix protein, despite only 20% sequence identity between FIV MA and HIV MA. Subsequent experiments show that human that N-myristyltransferase can efficiently myristylate wildtype FIV matrix. Interestingly, the myristyl signal used by FIV matrix is fairly uncommon, and is not observed in other lentiviruses. This work provides a foreground for future experiments related to phosphoinositide dependent Gag assembly, studying wildtype myristylated FIV, and the genetics of myristylation across species. Solving the structure of mryistylated FIV matrix provides insight into the similarities between FIV and HIV to better determine if felines serve as a suitable HIV-1 animal model and broaden our general understanding of lentiviruses.
Microstructure evolution of compressed micropillars investigated by in situ HR-EBSD analysis and dislocation density simulations
Creators: name: Zoller, Kolja
name: Kalácska, Szilvia
name: Ispánovity, Péter Dusán
name: Schulz, Katrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With decreasing system sizes, the mechanical properties and dominant deformation mechanisms of metals change. For larger scales, bulk behavior is observed that is characterized by a preservation and significant increase of dislocation content during deformation whereas at the submicron scale very localized dislocation activity as well as dislocation starvation is observed. In the transition regime it is not clear how the dislocation content is built up. This dislocation storage regime and its underlying physical mechanisms are still an open field of research. In this paper, the microstructure evolution of single crystalline copper micropillars with a $\langle1\,1\,0\rangle$ crystal orientation and varying sizes between $1$ to $10\,μ\mathrm{m}$ is analysed under compression loading. Experimental in situ HR-EBSD measurements as well as 3d continuum dislocation dynamics simulations are presented. The experimental results provide insights into the material deformation and evolution of dislocation structures during continuous loading. This is complemented by the simulation of the dislocation density evolution considering dislocation dynamics, interactions, and reactions of the individual slip systems providing direct access to these quantities. Results are presented that show, how the plastic deformation of the material takes place and how the different slip systems are involved. A central finding is, that an increasing amount of GND density is stored in the system during loading that is located dominantly on the slip systems that are not mainly responsible for the production of plastic slip. This might be a characteristic feature of the considered size regime that has direct impact on further dislocation network formation and the corresponding contribution to plastic hardening.
description: submitted, not yet accepted
Tail resonances of FPU q-breathers and their impact on the pathway to equipartition
Creators: name: Penati, Tiziano
name: Flach, Sergej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upon initial excitation of a few normal modes the energy distribution among all modes of a nonlinear atomic chain (the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model) exhibits exponential localization on large time scales. At the same time resonant anomalies (peaks) are observed in its weakly excited tail for long times preceding equipartition. We observe a similar resonant tail structure also for exact time-periodic Lyapunov orbits, coined q-breathers due to their exponential localization in modal space. We give a simple explanation for this structure in terms of superharmonic resonances. The resonance analysis agrees very well with numerical results and has predictive power. We extend a previously developed perturbation method, based essentially on a Poincare-Lindstedt scheme, in order to account for these resonances, and in order to treat more general model cases, including truncated Toda potentials. Our results give qualitative and semiquantitative account for the superharmonic resonances of q-breathers and natural packets.
Self-Regulation and Gambling in Maryland College Students
Creators: name: Kofeldt, Miranda M. Garay
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Addiction
Affect dysregulation
Gambling
Gambling Consequences
Psychopathology
Self-regulation

description: The current study investigated how self-regulation and emotional distress factors related to gambling frequency and gambling-related consequences among college students. Hypotheses were that self-regulation deficits and emotional distress would significantly relate to higher gambling frequency in the past year and more lifetime gambling-related consequences. Independent variables were also expected to account for a significant proportion of the variance in gambling frequency and gambling-related consequences.  College student participants (18 to 25-years-old; 51.3% Caucasian) completed an Internet survey. Participants were recruited on campus via random selection and via a website accessible to students enrolled at the University where the study took place. Participants who completed more than 2/3 of the items on all measures were included the final analyses (N=162).  Correlational analyses indicated that most predictors (i.e., affect dysregulation, self-control, executive cognitive functioning, impulsivity, depression, anxiety) were related to gambling frequency and gambling consequences. State anxiety accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in gambling frequency; executive function accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in gambling consequences. Sex accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in gambling frequency; Recruitment Method accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in gambling consequences. This study supported the notion that gambling increases in the context of poor self-regulation and emotional distress, and perhaps students use gambling as a coping mechanism. Those with high levels of self-dysregulation and emotional distress also experienced more consequences, indicating that behavioral under regulation (i.e., lack of control over gambling) occurs in students with poor self-regulation and negative affect. The relations between the outcomes, sex, and recruitment method are notable, suggesting that studies of gambling would benefit by delineating results by gender to aid interpretation, and that recruitment process can influence reports of emotional distress, preferred gambling activities, and experience of consequences.  Implications include the need for research to further clarify the complex relations between intrapersonal factors like self-regulation and emotional distress and gambling and related consequences in college populations. This study calls attention to the need for gambling education and intervention programs on college campuses that address personal factors related the risks associated with gambling.
The Mass-Metallicity Relation at z~2
Creators: name: Erb, Dawn K.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Pettini, Max
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Adelberger, Kurt L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a sample of 87 rest-frame UV-selected star-forming galaxies with mean spectroscopic redshift z=2.26 to study the correlation between metallicity and stellar mass at high redshift. Using stellar masses determined from SED fitting to 0.3-8 micron photometry, we divide the sample into six bins in stellar mass, and construct six composite H-alpha+[NII] spectra from all of the objects in each bin. We estimate the mean oxygen abundance in each bin from the [NII]/H-alpha ratio, and find a monotonic increase in metallicity with increasing stellar mass, from 12+log(O/H) < 8.2 for galaxies with = 2.7e9 Msun to 12+log(O/H) = 8.6 for galaxies with = 1e11 Msun. We use the empirical relation between star formation rate density and gas density to estimate the gas fractions of the galaxies, finding an increase in gas fraction with decreasing stellar mass. These gas fractions combined with the observed metallicities allow the estimation of the effective yield y_eff as a function of stellar mass; in constrast to observations in the local universe which show a decrease in y_eff with decreasing baryonic mass, we find a slight increase. Such a variation of metallicity with gas fraction is best fit by a model with supersolar yield and an outflow rate ~4 times higher than the star formation rate. We conclude that the mass-metallicity relation at high redshift is driven by the increase in metallicity as the gas fraction decreases through star formation, and is likely modulated by metal loss from strong outflows in galaxies of all masses. There is no evidence for preferential loss of metals from low mass galaxies as has been suggested in the local universe. [Abridged]
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Mondor’s disease of the breast: an uncommon cause of atypical chest pain
Creators: name: Zaki-Metias, Kaitlin
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast imaging
subject: Breast
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 40-year-old female with no medical history presented with three days of left-sided chest pain. She denied any recent chest wall injury. She was not experiencing any additional symptoms. Her vital signs were stable. Physical examination revealed a tender area of the superior left breast with a palpable cord. 

description: 40 years, female
Self-Efficacy as a Mechanism of Change During Alcoholism Treatment
Creators: name: Greene, Preston Archer
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: alcohol
Latent Growth Modeling
Project MATCH
Self-Efficacy
Transtheoretical Model

description: Self-efficacy and the processes of change have been identified as important constructs related to changing drinking behavior among treatment seeking clients. In the search for mechanisms of change, it is important to clarify how growth in self-efficacy and use of the processes of change are related to each other, and how shifts in these client variables relate to changes in their drinking during treatment. This study used latent growth modeling (LGM) to examine self-efficacy as a potential mechanism for changing drinking behavior using Client Session Report data collected on clients in the Outpatient arm receiving either Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy (TSF) during Project MATCH. Results indicated that changes in drinking, self-efficacy, and use of behavior, experiential, and helping relationships processes of change were nonlinear and that generally there was significant variability in growth trajectories during treatment. Modeling pairs of growth processes revealed that initial levels of Percent Days Drinking (PDD) and self-efficacy at the beginning of treatment predicted growth trajectories in the other; initial levels of PDD predicted trajectories of use of behavioral processes of change; initial levels of self-efficacy predicted trajectories of use of behavioral processes of change, while initial levels of use of behavioral processes of change predicted trajectories of self-efficacy; and initial levels of self-efficacy at the beginning of treatment was predictive of trajectories of use of helping relationships processes of change during treatment. These results support the reciprocal determinism of efficacy evaluations and suggest that for individuals who are successful in changing their drinking during alcoholism treatment, self-efficacy is predictive of subsequent use of specific coping activities and drinking behavior, and that drinking and use of behavioral coping activities are predictive of changes in self-efficacy during treatment.
title: Iterative algorithm for metal artefact reduction (iMAR) mimicking total aortic stent graft thrombosis in a patient after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR)
Creators: name: Rotzinger, Roman
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Artifacts
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A patient with a medical history of atherosclerotic ulcer in an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm treated by endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), and with a recent history of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis, presented with renewed acute severe upper abdominal pain.

description: 72 years, male
Sleeping beasts: strong toroidal magnetic field in quiescent magnetars explains their large pulsed fraction
Creators: name: Igoshev, Andrei P.
name: Hollerbach, Rainer
name: Wood, Toby
name: Gourgouliatos, Konstantinos N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetars are neutron stars (NSs) with extreme magnetic fields of strength $5 \times 10^{13}$ - $10^{15}$ G. They exhibit transient, highly energetic events, such as short X-ray flashes, bursts and giant flares, all of which are powered by their enormous magnetic energy. Quiescent magnetars have X-ray luminosities between $10^{29}$ and $10^{35}$ erg/s, and are further classified as either persistent or transient magnetars. Their X-ray emission is modulated with the rotational period of the NS, with a typical relative amplitude (so-called pulsed fraction) between 10-58 per cent, implying that the surface temperature is significantly non-uniform despite the high thermal conductivity of the star's crust. Here, we present the first 3D magneto-thermal MHD simulations of magnetars with strong toroidal magnetic fields. We show that these models, combined with ray propagation in curved space-time, accurately describe the light-curves of most transient magnetars in quiescence and allow us to further constrain their rotational orientation. We find that the presence of a strong toroidal magnetic field explains the observed asymmetry in the surface temperature, and is the main cause of the strong modulation of thermal X-ray emission in quiescence.
description: Original version of manuscript submitted to the Nature Astronomy. 11 pages, 6 figures
Experimental moments of the nucleon structure function F2
Creators: name: Osipenko, M.
name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Simula, S.
name: Kulagin, S.
name: Ricco, G.
name: Collaboration, CLAS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental data on the F2 structure functions of the proton and deuteron, including recent results from CLAS at Jefferson Lab, have been used to construct their n<=12 moments. A comprehensive analysis of the moments in terms of the operator product expansion has been performed to separate the moments into leading and higher twist contributions. Particular attention was paid to the issue of nuclear corrections in the deuteron, when extracting the neutron moments from data. The difference between the proton and neutron moments was compared directly with lattice QCD simulations. Combining leading twist moments of the neutron and proton we found the d/u ratio at x->1 approaching 0, although the precision of the data did not allow to exclude the 1/5 value. The higher twist components of the proton and neutron moments suggest that multi-parton correlations are isospin independent.
description: Proceedings of 13th International QCD Conference (QCD 06), Montpellier, France, July 3-7th 2006
A Rapidly Deployable Image Classification System Using Feature Views
Creators: name: Rosebrock, Adrian
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014

description: Constructing an image classification system using strong, local invariant descriptors is both time consuming and tedious, requiring much experimentation and parameter tunings to obtain an adequate performing model. Furthermore, training a system in a given domain and then migrating the model to a separate domain will likely yield poor performance. As the recent Boston Marathon attacks demonstrated, large, unstructured image databases from traffic cameras, security systems, law enforcement officials, and citizens can be quickly amassed for authorities to review; however, reviewing each and every image is an expensive undertaking, in terms of both time and human effort. Inherently, reviewing crime scene images is a classification task. For example, authorities may want to know if a given image contains a suspect, a suspicious package, or if there are injured people in the photo. Given an emergency situation, these classifications will be needed as quickly and accurately as possible. In this work we present a rapidly deployable image classification system using “feature views”, where each view consists of a set of weak, global features. These, weak global descriptors are computationally simple to extract, intuitive to understand, and require substantially less parameter tuning than their local invariant counterparts. We demonstrate that by combining weak features with ensemble methods we are able to outperform current state-of-the-art methods or achieve comparable accuracy with much less effort and domain knowledge. We then provide both theoretical and empirical justifications for our ensemble framework that can be used to construct rapidly deployable image classification systems called “Ecosembles”. Finally, we recognize the fact that image datasets give us the relatively unique opportunity to extract multiple feature representations through the use of various descriptors. In situations where the original dataset is not available for further feature extraction or in cases where multiple feature views are ambiguous (such as predicting income based on geographical location and census data) the Ecosemble method cannot be applied. In order to extend Ecosembles to arbitrary datasets of diverse modalities, we introduce artificial feature views using kernel approximations. These artificial feature views are constructed from a single representation of the data, alleviating the need to explicitly extract multiple feature views. We then apply artificial feature views to a diverse range of non-image classification datasets to demonstrate our method is applicable to multiple modalities, while still outperforming current state-of-the-art methods.