cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A metric version of Poincaré's theorem concerning biholomorphic inequivalence of domains
Creators: name: Lemmens, Bas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 32F45, Secondary 51F99

description: We show that if $Y_j\subset \mathbb{C}^{n_j}$ is a bounded strongly convex domain with $C^3$-boundary for $j=1,\dots,q$, and $X_j\subset \mathbb{C}^{m_j}$ is a bounded convex domain for $j=1,\ldots,p$, then the product domain $\prod_{j=1}^p X_j\subset \mathbb{C}^m$ cannot be isometrically embedded into $\prod_{j=1}^q Y_j\subset \mathbb{C}^n$ under the Kobayashi distance, if $p>q$. This result generalises Poincaré's theorem which says that there is no biholomorphic map from the polydisc onto the Euclidean ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$ for $n\geq 2$. The method of proof only relies on the metric geometry of the spaces and will be derived from a result for products of proper geodesic metric spaces with the sup-metric. In fact, the main goal of the paper is to establish a general criterion, in terms of certain asymptotic geometric properties of the individual metric spaces, that yields an obstruction for the existence of an isometric embedding between product metric spaces.
description: Minor revision to previous version
Composite vacuum Brans-Dicke wormholes
Creators: name: Sushkov, Sergey V.
name: Kozyrev, Sergey M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new static spherically symmetric configuration composed of interior and exterior Brans-Dicke vacua matched at a thin matter shell. Both vacua correspond to the same Brans-Dicke coupling parameter $ω$, however they are described by the Brans class I solution with different sets of parameters of integration. In particular, the exterior vacuum solution has $C_{ext}(ω)\equiv 0$. In this case the Brans class I solution for any $ω$ reduces to the Schwarzschild one being consistent with restrictions on the post-Newtonian parameters following from recent Cassini data. The interior region possesses a strong gravitational field, and so the interior vacuum solution has $C_{int}(ω)=-1/(ω+2)$. In this case the Brans class I solution describes a wormhole spacetime provided $ω$ lies in the narrow interval $-2-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
A mechanism to promote social behaviour in household load balancing
Creators: name: Brooks, Nathan A.
name: Powers, Simon T.
name: Borg, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reducing the peak energy consumption of households is essential for the effective use of renewable energy sources, in order to ensure that as much household demand as possible can be met by renewable sources. This entails spreading out the use of high-powered appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines throughout the day. Traditional approaches to this problem have relied on differential pricing set by a centralised utility company. But this mechanism has not been effective in promoting widespread shifting of appliance usage. Here we consider an alternative decentralised mechanism, where agents receive an initial allocation of time-slots to use their appliances and can then exchange these with other agents. If agents are willing to be more flexible in the exchanges they accept, then overall satisfaction, in terms of the percentage of agents time-slot preferences that are satisfied, will increase. This requires a mechanism that can incentivise agents to be more flexible. Building on previous work, we show that a mechanism incorporating social capital - the tracking of favours given and received - can incentivise agents to act flexibly and give favours by accepting exchanges that do not immediately benefit them. We demonstrate that a mechanism that tracks favours increases the overall satisfaction of agents, and crucially allows social agents that give favours to outcompete selfish agents that do not under payoff-biased social learning. Thus, even completely self-interested agents are expected to learn to produce socially beneficial outcomes.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Short, highly imprimitive words yield hyperbolic one-relator groups
Creators: name: Cashen, Christopher H.
name: Hoffmann, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67, 20F05

description: We give experimental support for a conjecture of Louder and Wilton saying that words of imprimitivity rank greater than two yield hyperbolic one-relator groups.
description: 14 pages
Prosthoblissus primigenius Boderau, Nel & Engel, 2025, n. sp.
Creators: name: Boderau, Mathieu
name: Nel, André
name: Engel, Michael S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Blissidae
Prosthoblissus
Prosthoblissus primigenius

description: Prosthoblissus primigenius n. sp.
(Fig. 1)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4BEA3DAA-C80A-476D-87BD-17AC0DABAE40
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Myanmar • Specimen almost complete, with the rostrum, forewings, and the abdomen in a 1.2 × 0.7 × 0.4 cm subrectangular piece of amber; Kachin amber, Noije Bum Hill, Hukawng Valley, Kachin State; 26°29’N, 96°35’E; unnamed formation, earliest Cenomanian; AMNH JZC-Bu186.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Kachin amber, Noije Bum Hill, Hukawng Valley (26°29’N, 96°35’E), Kachin State, Myanmar.
ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet is the Latin adjective prĪmigenius, meaning, “firstborn”, “original”, or “primitive”.
DIAGNOSIS. — As for the genus.
DESCRIPTION
Male
As for genus with following minor additions.Adult:Total body length 5.9 mm (apex of tylus to apical margin of distalmost abdominal segment); body elongate; head length 0.78 mm (apex of tylus to posterior margin), maximum width across compound eyes 0.65 mm; interocular distance 0.34 mm; antennomere lengths (I-IV) 0.29 mm, 0.29 mm, 0.23 mm, 0.35 mm, respectively. Pronotal mediolongitudinal length 0.79 mm, medial width 0.77 mm; mesoscutellum mediolongitudinal length 0.53 mm, basal width 0.47 mm.
Integument dark brown to black as preserved, lighter brown in areas where integument partially cleared (likely completely black in life). Integument largely glabrous, with exceptionally sparse, short, erect setae. Pronotum smooth and shining, without rugosity or visible punctation, with faint transverse striations in posterior third, with shallow, narrow, mediolongitudinal furrow; faint, small, paramedial calli anteriorly on either side of furrow. Mesoscutellum with sparsely scattered, faint, shallow punctures, otherwise seemingly smooth. Hemelytral corium with faint, shallow punctures; corium and clavus dark brown (as preserved) except a couple of transverse clear bands. Abdominal terga and sterna, where evident, impunctate.
description: Published as part of Boderau, Mathieu, Nel, André & Engel, Michael S., 2025, The earliest chinch bug (Hemiptera, Blissidae): A new genus from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, pp. 133-138 in Zoosystema 47 (9) on page 136, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a9, http://zenodo.org/record/15098226
Extreme event probability estimation using PDE-constrained optimization and large deviation theory, with application to tsunamis
Creators: name: Tong, Shanyin
name: Vanden-Eijnden, Eric
name: Stadler, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65K10, 35Q93, 76B15, 60F10, 60H35

description: We propose and compare methods for the analysis of extreme events in complex systems governed by PDEs that involve random parameters, in situations where we are interested in quantifying the probability that a scalar function of the system's solution is above a threshold. If the threshold is large, this probability is small and its accurate estimation is challenging. To tackle this difficulty, we blend theoretical results from large deviation theory (LDT) with numerical tools from PDE-constrained optimization. Our methods first compute parameters that minimize the LDT-rate function over the set of parameters leading to extreme events, using adjoint methods to compute the gradient of this rate function. The minimizers give information about the mechanism of the extreme events as well as estimates of their probability. We then propose a series of methods to refine these estimates, either via importance sampling or geometric approximation of the extreme event sets. Results are formulated for general parameter distributions and detailed expressions are provided when Gaussian distributions. We give theoretical and numerical arguments showing that the performance of our methods is insensitive to the extremeness of the events we are interested in. We illustrate the application of our approach to quantify the probability of extreme tsunami events on shore. Tsunamis are typically caused by a sudden, unpredictable change of the ocean floor elevation during an earthquake. We model this change as a random process, which takes into account the underlying physics. We use the one-dimensional shallow water equation to model tsunamis numerically. In the context of this example, we present a comparison of our methods for extreme event probability estimation, and find which type of ocean floor elevation change leads to the largest tsunamis on shore.
Quantum computing enhanced computational catalysis
Creators: name: von Burg, Vera
name: Low, Guang Hao
name: Häner, Thomas
name: Steiger, Damian S.
name: Reiher, Markus
name: Roetteler, Martin
name: Troyer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The quantum computation of electronic energies can break the curse of dimensionality that plagues many-particle quantum mechanics. It is for this reason that a universal quantum computer has the potential to fundamentally change computational chemistry and materials science, areas in which strong electron correlations present severe hurdles for traditional electronic structure methods. Here, we present a state-of-the-art analysis of accurate energy measurements on a quantum computer for computational catalysis, using improved quantum algorithms with more than an order of magnitude improvement over the best previous algorithms. As a prototypical example of local catalytic chemical reactivity we consider the case of a ruthenium catalyst that can bind, activate, and transform carbon dioxide to the high-value chemical methanol. We aim at accurate resource estimates for the quantum computing steps required for assessing the electronic energy of key intermediates and transition states of its catalytic cycle. In particular, we present new quantum algorithms for double-factorized representations of the four-index integrals that can significantly reduce the computational cost over previous algorithms, and we discuss the challenges of increasing active space sizes to accurately deal with dynamical correlations. We address the requirements for future quantum hardware in order to make a universal quantum computer a successful and reliable tool for quantum computing enhanced computational materials science and chemistry, and identify open questions for further research.
description: Main text: 19 pages, 6 figures. Supplement: 82 pages, 8 figures
Energy Release and Particle Acceleration in Flares: Summary and Future Prospects
Creators: name: Lin, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RHESSI measurements relevant to the fundamental processes of energy release and particle acceleration in flares are summarized. RHESSI's precise measurements of hard X-ray continuum spectra enable model-independent deconvolution to obtain the parent electron spectrum. Taking into account the effects of albedo, these show that the low energy cut-off to the electron power-law spectrum is typically below tens of keV, confirming that the accelerated electrons contain a large fraction of the energy released in flares. RHESSI has detected a high coronal hard X-ray source that is filled with accelerated electrons whose energy density is comparable to the magnetic-field energy density. This suggests an efficient conversion of energy, previously stored in the magnetic field, into the bulk acceleration of electrons. A new, collisionless (Hall) magnetic reconnection process has been identified through theory and simulations, and directly observed in space and in the laboratory; it should occur in the solar corona as well, with a reconnection rate fast enough for the energy release in flares. The reconnection process could result in the formation of multiple elongated magnetic islands, that then collapse to bulk-accelerate the electrons, rapidly enough to produce the observed hard X-ray emissions. RHESSI's pioneering γ-ray line imaging of energetic ions, revealing footpoints straddling a flare loop arcade, has provided strong evidence that ion acceleration is also related to magnetic reconnection. Flare particle acceleration is shown to have a close relationship to impulsive Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events observed in the interplanetary medium, and also to both fast coronal mass ejections and gradual SEP events.
description: This is the concluding article for a monograph on the physics of solar flares, inspired by RHESSI observations. The individual articles are to appear in Space Science Reviews (2011)
Fractional susceptibility functions for the quadratic family: Misiurewicz-Thurston parameters
Creators: name: Baladi, Viviane
name: Smania, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37C30, 37C40, 37E05, 37A10

description: For the quadratic family, we define the two-variable ($η$ and $z$) fractional susceptibility function associated to a C^1 observable at a stochastic map. We also define an approximate, "frozen" fractional susceptibility function. If the parameter is Misiurewicz-Thurston, we show that the frozen susceptibility function has a pole at $z=1$ for generic observables if a "one-half" transversality condition holds. We introduce "Whitney" fractional integrals and derivatives on suitable sets $Ω$. We formulate conjectures supported by our results on the frozen susceptibility function and numerical experiments. In particular, we expect that the fractional susceptibility function for $η=1/2$ is singular at $z=1$ for Collet-Eckmann maps and generic observables. We view this work as a step towards the resolution of the paradox that the classical susceptibility function is holomorphic at $z=1$ for Misiurewicz-Thurston maps, despite lack of linear response.
description: Versions v3-v4 contain the electronic copy of the published version in Comm Math Phys. 4 figures. Version v4 includes a 3-page long supplementary note
Superconducting Phase Transistor in Diffusive Four-terminal Ferromagnetic Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Alidoust, Mohammad
name: Sewell, Granville
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study diffusive magnetic Josephson junctions with four superconducting terminals in the weak proximity limit where the leads are arranged in cross form. Employing the linearized Keldysh-Usadel technique, the anomalous Green's function and Josephson current are analytically obtained based on a quasiclassical theory using the Fourier series method. The derived results may be reduced to non-magnetic junctions by setting the exchange field equal to zero. We find that increments of the magnetic barrier thickness may cause a reversal of the supercurrent direction flowing into some of the leads, whereas the direction of current-flow remains invariant at the others. The reversal direction can be switched by tuning the perpendicular superconducting phases. In the non-magnetic case, we find that the supercurrent flowing between the leads in one direction can be tuned by changing the superconducting phase difference in the perpendicular direction. These findings suggest the possibility of constructing a nano-scale superconducting phase transistor whose core element consists of the proposed four-terminal Josephson junction with rich switching aspects.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. To Appear in Physical Review B
Lorentzian Spectral Geometry with Causal Sets
Creators: name: Yazdi, Yasaman K.
name: Letizia, Marco
name: Kempf, Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study discrete Lorentzian spectral geometry by investigating to what extent causal sets can be identified through a set of geometric invariants such as spectra. We build on previous work where it was shown that the spectra of certain operators derived from the causal matrix possess considerable but not complete power to distinguish causal sets. We find two especially successful methods for classifying causal sets and we computationally test them for all causal sets of up to $9$ elements. One of the spectral geometric methods that we study involves holding a given causal set fixed and collecting a growing set of its geometric invariants such as spectra (including the spectra of the commutator of certain operators). The second method involves obtaining a limited set of geometric invariants for a given causal set while also collecting these geometric invariants for small `perturbations' of the causal set, a novel method that may also be useful in other areas of spectral geometry. We show that with a suitably chosen set of geometric invariants, this new method fully resolves the causal sets we considered. Concretely, we consider for this purpose perturbations of the original causal set that are formed by adding one element and a link. We discuss potential applications to the path integral in quantum gravity.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Statistics and Geometrical Picture of Ring Polymer Melts and Solutions
Creators: name: Sakaue, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed account of a recently proposed phenomenological theory for noncatenated ring polymer melts (Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 167802 (2011)). A basic assumption lies in the implementation of the noncatenation constraint via the effective excluded-volume effect, from which a geometrical picture of melts emerges. The result captures many of the salient features observed so far, including (i) the overall spacial size of rings, (ii) the coordinate number, i.e., the number of rings surrounding a given ring, (iii) the topological length scale as a function of the molecular weight and (iv) the effect of the chain stiffness and concentration. We also suggest a geometrical interpretation of the topological length scale, which may shed some light on the entanglement concept in polymeric systems.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Existence and conditional energetic stability of three-dimensional fully localised solitary gravity-capillary water waves
Creators: name: Buffoni, Boris
name: Groves, Mark D.
name: Sun, Shu-Ming
name: Wahlén, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76B15 (Primary) 76B25, 76B45, 37K45 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we show that the hydrodynamic problem for three-dimensional water waves with strong surface-tension effects admits a fully localised solitary wave which decays to the undisturbed state of the water in every horizontal direction. The proof is based upon the classical variational principle that a solitary wave of this type is a critical point of the energy subject to the constraint that the momentum is fixed. We prove the existence of a minimiser of the energy subject to the constraint that the momentum is fixed and small. The existence of a small-amplitude solitary wave is thus assured, and since the energy and momentum are both conserved quantities a standard argument may be used to establish the stability of the set of minimisers as a whole. `Stability' is however understood in a qualified sense due to the lack of a global well-posedness theory for three-dimensional water waves.
description: 83 pages, 1 figure
The Role of Governance in the Building of Arenas for Popular Music in France and England 1980-2019
Creators: name: Brown, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Leeds Beckett University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The thesis investigates the evolution of arenas for popular culture since 1980 in Europe, and specifically in France and England. Using a qualitative research strategy and a thematic and comparative approach the research focuses on arena developing in France and England, using two case studies, the cities of Bordeaux and Leeds. The timeframe for the research is c1980s to 2019, a period which saw the emergence of the ‘dedicated’ indoor music arenas. The thesis explores the development of arenas through a governance perspective exploring, decision-making, cultural attitudes, and urban spaces for new consumerism. The research highlights the decision-making processes within different political and administrative systems, both nationally, and locally in Bordeaux and Leeds. It identifies similarities and contrasts in process. The research suggests that in both cases the actual decision-making was indecisive, with neither city having a defined vision for the development of arenas. The research findings suggest that the time scale for the development of the arenas was exacerbated by internal political conflicts in both cities – between the mayors in Bordeaux, whilst in Leeds, the external pressures of a neighbouring authority. The thesis also explores issues of arena ownership and the relationship between public and private investments in cultural infrastructure. The thesis similarly considers the impact of local cultural policy on decision-making related to the provision of local cultural infrastructure. The thesis is situated within a literature focused on the development of venues for popular music, and more specifically presents a comparative analysis of how these develop in specific places. The thesis highlights how, within contrasting political and administrative systems, decision-making related to major cultural infrastructure projects is often faced with similar challenges. The thesis extends the discussion and understanding of decision-making in a comparative context and adds to an understanding of the response to the accommodation of popular culture since the 1980s. In so doing it contributes to knowledge through its exploration and analysis of the governance and politics of cultural infrastructure provision.
Entanglement Entropy of Causal Set de Sitter Horizons
Creators: name: Surya, Sumati
name: X, Nomaan
name: Yazdi, Yasaman K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: de Sitter cosmological horizons are known to exhibit thermodynamic properties similar to black hole horizons. In this work we study causal set de Sitter horizons, using Sorkin's spacetime entanglement entropy (SSEE) formula, for a conformally coupled quantum scalar field. We calculate the causal set SSEE for the Rindler-like wedge of a symmetric slab of de Sitter spacetime in $d=2,4$ spacetime dimensions using the Sorkin-Johnston vacuum state. We find that the SSEE obeys an area law when the spectrum of the Pauli-Jordan operator is appropriately truncated in both the de Sitter slab as well as its restriction to the Rindler-like wedge. Without this truncation, the SSEE satisfies a volume law. This is in agreement with Sorkin and Yazdi's calculations for the causal set SSEE for nested causal diamonds in $\mathbb{M}^2$, where they showed that an area law is obtained only after truncating the Pauli-Jordan spectrum. In this work we explore different truncation schemes with the criterion that the SSEE so obtained obeys an area law.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures
Does the Hubble Redshift Flip Photons and Gravitons?
Creators: name: Edwards, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the Hubble redshift, photon energy, chiefly in the form of CMBR photons, is currently disappearing from the universe at the rate of nearly 10^55 erg s^-1. An ongoing problem in cosmology concerns the fate of this energy. In one interpretation it is irretrievably lost, i.e., energy is not conserved on the cosmic scale. Here we consider a different possibility which retains universal energy conservation. If gravitational energy is redshifted in the same manner as photons, then it can be shown that the cosmic redshift removes gravitational energy from space at about the same rate as photon energy. Treating gravitational potential energy conventionally as negative energy, it is proposed that the Hubble shift 'flips' positive energy (photons) to negative energy (gravitons) and vice versa. The lost photon energy would thus be directed towards gravitation, making gravitational energy wells more negative. Conversely, within astrophysical bodies of sufficient size, the flipping of gravitons to photons would give rise to a 'Hubble luminosity' of magnitude -UH, where U is the internal gravitational potential energy of the object and H the Hubble constant. Evidence of such an energy release is presented in bodies ranging from planets, white dwarfs and neutron stars to supermassive black holes and the visible universe.
description: 18 pages, including 2 tables, one figure
Integrating top-down and bottom-up perspectives on the role of communities in contributing to meeting national climate change objectives
Creators: name: Byrne, Rosemary
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Despite previous reductions, greenhouse gas emissions in Ireland are predicted to continue to increase above current levels for the next 20 years. The benefit of mobilising community action in addressing climate change action has already been seen in many European countries. While Irish governmental policy envisions a low carbon economy with necessary greater community involvement in energy projects and other efforts, little progress has been made in encouraging or supporting such action. This study contributes in aligning long-term climate change policy to the preferred future vision of communities in bringing about such a transition. This research applied stakeholder theory to examine the perspectives of bottom-up and top-down stakeholders in community scale climate-related actions. Irish communities that have successfully implemented climate-related actions development goals were examined in terms of their motivation, attitudes, perceived barriers and opportunities for continued action. Case studies were then used to examine community scale climate-related action in practice. How these actions relate to particular local contexts, engagement, and lessons that may be learned were analysed using a strategic niche management framework. Building on this, the third research study applied an innovative futures approach to construct the necessary steps to achieve transformative societal change. From analysis of information collected, policies that block progress were highlighted to identify more effective support mechanisms, which encourage partnerships between communities and stakeholders. This will result in bringing together bottom-up actions and top-down strategies to advance national climate change objectives.
DARWIN: dark matter WIMP search with noble liquids
Creators: name: Baudis, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DARWIN (dark matter wimp search with noble liquids) is a design study for a next-generation, multi-ton dark matter detector in Europe. Liquid argon and/or liquid xenon are the target media for the direct detection of dark matter candidates in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Light and charge signals created by particle interactions in the active detector volume are observed via the time projection chamber technique. DARWIN is to probe the spin-independent, WIMP-nucleon cross section down 1e-48 cm2 and to measure WIMP-induced nuclear recoil spectra with high-statistics, should they be discovered by an existing or near-future experiment. After a brief introduction, I will describe the project, selected R&D topics, expected backgrounds and the physics reach.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; contribution to the TAUP 2011 proceedings
Homogenization of a Poroelasticity Model for Fibre-Reinforced Hydrogels
Creators: name: Eden, Michael
name: Mahato, Hari Shankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35B27, Secondary: 74Q15, 35Q92

description: In this paper, the analysis and homogenization of a poroelastic model for the hydro-mechanical response of fibre-reinforced hydrogels is considered. Here, the medium in question is considered to be a highly heterogeneous two-component media composed of a connected fibre-scaffold with periodically distributed inclusions of hydrogel. While the fibres are assumed to be elastic, the hydromechanical response of hydrogel is modeled via \emph{Biot's poroelasticity}. We show that the resulting mathematical problem admits a unique weak solution and investigate the limit behavior (in the sense of two-scale convergence) of the solutions with respect to a scale parameter, characterizing the heterogeneity of the medium. Letting this scale parameter tend to zero, we arrive at an effective model where the micro variations of the pore pressure give rise to a micro stress correction at the macro scale.
description: 18 pages, two figures, submitted to SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics
Log symplectic manifolds and $[Q,R]=0$
Creators: name: Lin, Yi
name: Loizides, Yiannis
name: Sjamaar, Reyer
name: Song, Yanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show, under an orientation hypothesis, that a log symplectic manifold with simple normal crossing singularities has a stable almost complex structure, and hence is Spin$_c$. In the compact Hamiltonian case we prove that the index of the Spin$_c$ Dirac operator twisted by a prequantum line bundle satisfies a $[Q,R]=0$ theorem.
description: 24 pages, v3: mistake in section 3.2 on minimal coupling corrected, example 3.22 modified
Exponential ReLU Neural Network Approximation Rates for Point and Edge Singularities
Creators: name: Marcati, Carlo
name: Opschoor, Joost A. A.
name: Petersen, Philipp C.
name: Schwab, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 35Q40, 41A25, 41A46, 65N30

description: We prove exponential expressivity with stable ReLU Neural Networks (ReLU NNs) in $H^1(Ω)$ for weighted analytic function classes in certain polytopal domains $Ω$, in space dimension $d=2,3$. Functions in these classes are locally analytic on open subdomains $D\subset Ω$, but may exhibit isolated point singularities in the interior of $Ω$ or corner and edge singularities at the boundary $\partial Ω$. The exponential expression rate bounds proved here imply uniform exponential expressivity by ReLU NNs of solution families for several elliptic boundary and eigenvalue problems with analytic data. The exponential approximation rates are shown to hold in space dimension $d = 2$ on Lipschitz polygons with straight sides, and in space dimension $d=3$ on Fichera-type polyhedral domains with plane faces. The constructive proofs indicate in particular that NN depth and size increase poly-logarithmically with respect to the target NN approximation accuracy $\varepsilon>0$ in $H^1(Ω)$. The results cover in particular solution sets of linear, second order elliptic PDEs with analytic data and certain nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems with analytic nonlinearities and singular, weighted analytic potentials as arise in electron structure models. In the latter case, the functions correspond to electron densities that exhibit isolated point singularities at the positions of the nuclei. Our findings provide in particular mathematical foundation of recently reported, successful uses of deep neural networks in variational electron structure algorithms.
description: Found Comput Math (2022)
Effect of temperature on ATP hydrolysis by fast and slow myosin from rat cardiac muscle
Creators: name: Nguyen, The-Tin Thi
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: QP 114 D5 N48 1994
subject: Diastole (Cardiac cycle)
subject: Adenosine triphosphate
subject: Myocardium
subject: Rats - Physiology
subject: Myosin

description: Bibliography: p. 180-218.
The meaning, structure and function of chimpanzee pant hoots from the Budongo forest, Uganda
Creators: name: Notman, Hugh
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: AC1 .T484 2002 N675

description: Bibliography: p. 161-173
description: Pant hoots are the species-typical loud calls produced by chimpanzees to communicate to conspecifics over long-distances. Previous studies have attempted to determine the degree to which pant hoots function as referential signals that communicate information specific to behavioural, social and ecological contexts but have produced mixed results. Uhlenbroek (1996, unpublished PhD thesis) identified three acoustically and functionally distinct sub-classes in pant hoots produced by chimpanzees from the Gombe Stream Reserve, Tanzania. Uhlenbroek labelled these variants "roar," "slow roar" and "wail" pant hoots and proposed they serve a referential function by being used in specific contexts. In this study, pant hoots were analyzed to determine whether similar functionally distinct vocal classes could be discerned in the Sonso chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Using cluster and discriminant function analyses, three pant hoot types were identified quantitatively and a fourth type described qualitatively. Three of these pant hoot types exhibited varying degrees of production context specificity. However, contrary to Uhlenbroek, a strictly referential function for pant hoots is not proposed. Rather, I suggest that the structural characteristics of pant hoots are constrained by environmental, physiological and phylogenetic factors, and that the acoustic design of different pant hoot types conform to predictions concerning both motivational effect and propagation maximization in specific "layers" of the acoustic habitat. In addition, I propose the hypothesis that other acoustic cues, such as the presence of buttress drumming, the number of animals calling, the rate of calling per episode and the location of the caller relative to the ground, accompany many calls and are used by receivers to gauge the context and relevance of the call in determining a future course of action. In this manner, pant hoots might function referentially in a "weak" sense in that the interplay between the type of pant hoot produced and the suite of accompanying cues provide information concerning the context and "meaning" of the call.
Extended X-ray emission from non-thermal sources in the COSMOS field: A detailed study of a large radio galaxy at z=1.168
Creators: name: Jelic, Vibor
name: Smolcic, Vernesa
name: Finoguenov, Alexis
name: Tanaka, Masayuki
name: Civano, Francesca
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Cappelluti, Nico
name: Koekemoer, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray selected galaxy group samples are usually generated by searching for extended X- ray sources that reflect the thermal radiation of the intragroup medium. On the other hand, large radio galaxies that regularly occupy galaxy groups also emit in the X-ray window, and their contribution to X-ray selected group samples is still not well understood. In order to investigate their relative importance, we have carried out a systematic search for non-thermal extended X-ray sources in the COSMOS field. Based on the morphological coincidence of X-ray and radio extensions, out of 60 radio galaxies, and \sim 300 extended X-ray sources, we find only one candidate where the observed extended X-ray emission arises from non- thermal processes related to radio galaxies. We present a detailed analysis of this source, and its environment. Our results yield that external Inverse Compton emission of the lobes is the dominant process that generates the observed X-ray emission of our extended X-ray candidate, with a minor contribution from the gas of the galaxy group hosting the radio galaxy. Finally, we show that finding only one potential candidate in the COSMOS field (in a redshift range 0 < z < 6 and with radio luminosity between 1025 and 1030 W/Hz) is consistent with expected X-ray-counts arising from synchrotron lobes. This implies that these sources are not a prominent source of contamination in samples of X-ray selected clusters/groups, but they could potentially dominate the z > 1 cluster counts at the bright end (S_X > 7 \cdot 10^-15 erg s^-1 cm^2).
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Photoevaporating Proplyd-like objects in Cygnus OB2
Creators: name: Wright, Nicholas J.
name: Drake, Jeremy J.
name: Drew, Janet E.
name: Guarcello, Mario G.
name: Gutermuth, Robert A.
name: Hora, Joseph L.
name: Kraemer, Kathleen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of ten proplyd-like objects in the vicinity of the massive OB association Cygnus OB2. They were discovered in IPHAS H-Alpha images and are clearly resolved in broad-band HST/ACS, near-IR and Spitzer mid-IR images. All exhibit the familiar tadpole shape seen in photoevaporating objects such as the Orion proplyds, with a bright ionization front at the head facing the central cluster of massive stars, and a tail stretching in the opposite direction. Many also show secondary ionization fronts, complex tail morphologies or multiple heads. We consider the evidence that these are either proplyds or `evaporating gaseous globules' (EGGs) left over from a fragmenting molecular cloud, but find that neither scenario fully explains the observations. Typical sizes are 50,000--100,000 AU, larger than the Orion proplyds, but in agreement with the theoretical scaling of proplyd size with distance from the ionizing source. These objects are located at projected separations of 6-14pc from the OB association, compared to 0.1pc for the Orion proplyds, but are clearly being photoionized by the 65 O-type stars in Cyg OB2. Central star candidates are identified in near- and mid-IR images, supporting the proplyd scenario, though their large sizes and notable asymmetries is more consistent with the EGG scenario. A third possibility is therefore considered, that these are a unique class of photoevaporating partially-embedded young stellar objects that have survived the destruction of their natal molecular cloud. This has implications for the properties of stars that form in the vicinity of massive stars.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Microwave Spectroscopy of a Cooper-Pair Transistor Coupled to a Lumped-Element Resonator
Creators: name: Bell, Matthew T.
name: Ioffe, Lev B.
name: Gershenson, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the microwave response of a single Cooper-pair transistor (CPT) coupled to a lumped-element microwave resonator. The resonance frequency of this circuit, $f_{r}$, was measured as a function of the charge $n_{g}$ induced on the CPT island by the gate electrode, and the phase difference across the CPT, $ϕ_{B}$, which was controlled by the magnetic flux in the superconducting loop containing the CPT. The observed $f_{r}(n_{g},ϕ_{B})$ dependences reflect the variations of the CPT Josephson inductance with $n_{g}$ and $ϕ_{B}$ as well as the CPT excitation when the microwaves induce transitions between different quantum states of the CPT. The results are in excellent agreement with our simulations based on the numerical diagonalization of the circuit Hamiltonian. This agreement over the whole range of $n_{g}$ and $ϕ_{B}$ is unexpected, because the relevant energies vary widely, from 0.1K to 3K. The observed strong dependence $f_{r}(n_{g},ϕ_{B})$ near the resonance excitation of the CPT provides a tool for sensitive charge measurements.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Multi-Resolution 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Automatic Coronary Centerline Extraction in Cardiac CT Angiography Scans
Creators: name: Salahuddin, Zohaib
name: Lenga, Matthias
name: Nickisch, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a deep learning-based automatic coronary artery tree centerline tracker (AuCoTrack) extending the vessel tracker by Wolterink (arXiv:1810.03143). A dual pathway Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) operating on multi-scale 3D inputs predicts the direction of the coronary arteries as well as the presence of a bifurcation. A similar multi-scale dual pathway 3D CNN is trained to identify coronary artery endpoints for terminating the tracking process. Two or more continuation directions are derived based on the bifurcation detection. The iterative tracker detects the entire left and right coronary artery trees based on only two ostium landmarks derived from a model-based segmentation of the heart. The 3D CNNs were trained on a proprietary dataset consisting of 43 CCTA scans. An average sensitivity of 87.1% and clinically relevant overlap of 89.1% was obtained relative to a refined manual segmentation. In addition, the MICCAI 2008 Coronary Artery Tracking Challenge (CAT08) training and test datasets were used to benchmark the algorithm and to assess its generalization. An average overlap of 93.6% and a clinically relevant overlap of 96.4% were obtained. The proposed method achieved better overlap scores than the current state-of-the-art automatic centerline extraction techniques on the CAT08 dataset with a vessel detection rate of 95%.
Parallelizing multiple precision Taylor series method for integrating the Lorenz system
Creators: name: Hristov, I.
name: Hristova, R.
name: Dimova, S.
name: Armyanov, P.
name: Shegunov, N.
name: Puzynin, I.
name: Puzynina, T.
name: Sharipov, Z.
name: Tukhliev, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.7; G.1.0
subject: 65L05, 65Y05

description: A hybrid MPI+OpenMP strategy for parallelizing multiple precision Taylor series method is proposed, realized and tested. To parallelize the algorithm we combine MPI and OpenMP parallel technologies together with GMP library (GNU miltiple precision libary) and the tiny MPIGMP library. The details of the parallelization are explained on the paradigmatic model of the Lorenz system. We succeed to obtain a correct reference solution in the rather long time interval - [0,7000]. The solution is verified by comparing the results for 2700-th order Taylor series method and precision of ~ 3374 decimal digits, and those with 2800-th order and precision of ~ 3510 decimal digits. With 192 CPU cores in Nestum cluster, Sofia, Bulgaria, the 2800-th order computation was ~ 145 hours with speedup ~ 105.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1908.09301
SuperMat: Construction of a linked annotated dataset from superconductors-related publications
Creators: name: Foppiano, Luca
name: Dieb, Sae
name: Suzuki, Akira
name: de Castro, Pedro Baptista
name: Iwasaki, Suguru
name: Uzuki, Azusa
name: Echevarria, Miren Garbine Esparza
name: Meng, Yan
name: Terashima, Kensei
name: Romary, Laurent
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
name: Ishii, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A growing number of papers are published in the area of superconducting materials science. However, novel text and data mining (TDM) processes are still needed to efficiently access and exploit this accumulated knowledge, paving the way towards data-driven materials design. Herein, we present SuperMat (Superconductor Materials), an annotated corpus of linked data derived from scientific publications on superconductors, which comprises 142 articles, 16052 entities, and 1398 links that are characterised into six categories: the names, classes, and properties of materials; links to their respective superconducting critical temperature (Tc); and parametric conditions such as applied pressure or measurement methods. The construction of SuperMat resulted from a fruitful collaboration between computer scientists and material scientists, and its high quality is ensured through validation by domain experts. The quality of the annotation guidelines was ensured by satisfactory Inter Annotator Agreement (IAA) between the annotators and the domain experts. SuperMat includes the dataset, annotation guidelines, and annotation support tools that use automatic suggestions to help minimise human errors.
Beitz, Egid, Das heilige Trier
Creators: name: Kentenich, Gottfried
Publisher: name: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Beitz, Egid, Das heilige Trier. Augsburg, 1927
description: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete, Bd. 3 Nr. 1-2 (1928): Trierer Zeitschrift : Vierteljahreshefte für Geschichte und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete