SPECIAL RELATIVITY (21st-century-style), PARTICLE PHYSICS, AND THE DARK UNIVERSE
Creators: name: Bartlett, Karen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics
subject: Cosmology
subject: 20105 General Relativity and Gravitational Waves
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Applied Computer Science
subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: Theoretical Computer Science
subject: Geometry
subject: 10599 Mathematical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10112 Topology
subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: Quantum Mechanics
subject: Special Relativity

description: AbstractThis article begins with “vector-tensor-scalar geometry” interacting photons and gravitons to produce the quantum spins of matter particles, the Higgs boson, plus the particles of the weak and strong nuclear forces. It then proposes the universe uses base-2 mathematics (a.k.a. electronics’ binary digits), the topology of Mobius strips and figure-8 Klein bottles, plus the geometry mentioned before, to produce photons and still hypothetical gravitons and non-hypothetical mass. It’s then proposed that the three-dimensional figure-8 Klein bottles composing the universe possess space-time's four dimensions (3 of space + 1 of time) when Wick rotation is programmed into them. This programming is adaptive, depending on the strength of gravity and electromagnetism (in Special Relativity, time slows in intense gravity and on approaching c, the speed of light). Because of the rotating between the x- and y-axes in Wick rotation, there’s a space-time we call imaginary or higher dimensional that is just as real as ordinary space-time. Gravity also leads to mass here - “dark” matter – and that matter’s associated “dark” energy. Back in this dimension, the Big Bang is regarded as dispensable due to the quantum-mechanical entanglement of microwave photons. And the speed of light becomes a duality – simultaneously having the two velocities of approx. 300 000, and approx. zero, km/s. <br>Introduction - <br>The abstract of a review article in the journal “Science” states, “Both dark matter and dark energy require extensions to our current understanding of particle physics or point toward a breakdown of general relativity on cosmological scales.” Could it be that understanding dark matter and dark energy doesn’t require modification of general relativity, but needs Einstein’s 1905 masterpiece of special relativity? Nevertheless, modification of general relativity – and its unification with quantum mechanics – might be accomplished with the hidden variables of base 2 mathematics, Mobius strips, figure-8 Klein bottles, and Wick rotation. The greatest obstacle to understanding the dark universe, and beginning the journey to quantum gravity, will be the human reluctance to accept a paradigm shift to determinism.