cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric response to Strong Geomagnetic Storms during 2000-2005: An IMF clock angle perspective
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sumanjit
name: Ray, Sarbani
name: Datta, Abhirup
name: Paul, Ashik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the equatorial ionospheric response to eleven strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms that occurred during the period 2000-2005, the declining phase of the solar cycle 23. The analysis has been performed using the global ion density plots of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Observations show that for about 91% of the cases, post-sunset equatorial irregularities occurred within 3h from the time of northward to southward transition of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) clock angle, thus bringing out the importance of the role played by IMF By in the process of Prompt Penetration of Electric Field (PPEF) in addition to the IMF Bz. This is an improvement from the previously reported (Ray et al.,2015) 4h window of ESF generation from the southward IMF Bz crossing -10 nT.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Radio Science
A remark on geodesics in the Banach Mazur distance
Creators: name: Arias, Alvaro
name: Kovalchuk, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary MSC 52A20, 52A21

description: We show that there are uncountably many geodesics between any two non-isometric $n$-dimensional normed spaces. We construct two explicit geodesics that can be used to describe all the points of the other geodesics.
The US President’s Malaria Initiative and under-5 child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A difference-in-differences analysis
Creators: name: Angeles, Gustavo
name: Jakubowski, Aleksandra
name: Stearns, Sally C.
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Kruk, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Despite substantial financial contributions by the United States President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) since 2006, no studies have carefully assessed how this program may have affected important population-level health outcomes. We utilized multiple publicly available data sources to evaluate the association between introduction of PMI and child mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
The space of contractive $C_{0}$-semigroups is a Baire space
Creators: name: Dahya, Raj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47D06, 91A44

description: Working over infinite dimensional separable Hilbert spaces, residual results have been achieved for the space of contractive $C_{0}$-semigroups under the topology of uniform weak operator convergence on compact subsets of $\mathbb{R}_{+}$. Eisner and Serény raised in 2009 the open problem: Does this space constitute a Baire space? Observing that the subspace of unitary semigroups is completely metrisable and appealing to known density results, we solve this problem positively by showing that certain topological properties can in general be transferred from dense subspaces to larger spaces. The transfer result in turn relies upon classification of topological properties via infinite games. Our approach is sufficiently general and can be applied to other contexts, e.g. the space of contractions under the pw-topology.
description: Remark 1.12 slightly improved. Computations in Remark 1.17 shortened
The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. X. Differential abundances in the XO-2 planet hosting binary
Creators: name: Biazzo, K.
name: Gratton, R.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Lucatello, S.
name: Sozzetti, A.
name: Bonomo, A. S.
name: Damasso, M.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Affer, L.
name: Boccato, C.
name: Borsa, F.
name: Claudi, R.
name: Cosentino, R.
name: Covino, E.
name: Knapic, C.
name: Lanza, A. F.
name: Maldonado, J.
name: Marzari, F.
name: Micela, G.
name: Molaro, P.
name: Pagano, I.
name: Pedani, M.
name: Pillitteri, I.
name: Piotto, G.
name: Poretti, E.
name: Rainer, M.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Scandariato, G.
name: Sanchez, R. Zanmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary stars hosting exoplanets are a unique laboratory where chemical tagging can be performed to measure with high accuracy the elemental abundances of both stellar components, with the aim to investigate the formation of planets and their subsequent evolution. Here, we present a high-precision differential abundance analysis of the XO-2 wide stellar binary based on high resolution HARPS-N@TNG spectra. Both components are very similar K-dwarfs and host planets. Since they formed presumably within the same molecular cloud, we expect they should possess the same initial elemental abundances. We investigate if the presence of planets can cause some chemical imprints in the stellar atmospheric abundances. We measure abundances of 25 elements for both stars with a range of condensation temperature $T_{\rm C}=40-1741$ K, achieving typical precisions of $\sim 0.07$ dex. The North component shows abundances in all elements higher by $+0.067 \pm 0.032$ dex on average, with a mean difference of +0.078 dex for elements with $T_{\rm C} > 800$ K. The significance of the XO-2N abundance difference relative to XO-2S is at the $2σ$ level for almost all elements. We discuss the possibility that this result could be interpreted as the signature of the ingestion of material by XO-2N or depletion in XO-2S due to locking of heavy elements by the planetary companions. We estimate a mass of several tens of $M_{\oplus}$ in heavy elements. The difference in abundances between XO-2N and XO-2S shows a positive correlation with the condensation temperatures of the elements, with a slope of $(4.7 \pm 0.9) \times 10^{-5}$ dex K$^{-1}$, which could mean that both components have not formed terrestrial planets, but that first experienced the accretion of rocky core interior to the subsequent giant planets.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics. Numbering of the series changed
On the complete metrisability of spaces of contractive semigroups
Creators: name: Dahya, Raj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47D06, 54E35

description: The space of unitary $C_{0}$-semigroups on separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space, when viewed under the topology of uniform weak convergence on compact subsets of $\mathbb{R}_{+}$, is known to admit various interesting residual subspaces. Before treating the contractive case, the problem of the complete metrisability of this space was raised in [Eisner, 2010]. Utilising Borel complexity computations and automatic continuity results for semigroups, we obtain a general result, which in particular implies that the one-/multiparameter contractive $C_{0}$-semigroups constitute Polish spaces and thus positively addresses the open problem.
description: Minor stylistic changes. Appendix included which provides a larger class of examples to which the main result applies. Note that this appendex consists of the content of the author's paper 'On the strong continuity of generalised semigroups' (arXiv:2009.04393)
Tuberculosis detection and the challenges of integrated care in rural China: A cross-sectional standardized patient study
Creators: name: Pai, Madhukar
name: Das, Jishnu
name: Yi, Hongmei
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Xue, Hao
name: Sylvia, Sean
name: Zhou, Chengchao
name: Shi, Yaojiang
name: Zhou, Huan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Despite recent reductions in prevalence, China still faces a substantial tuberculosis (TB) burden, with future progress dependent on the ability of rural providers to appropriately detect and refer TB patients for further care. This study (a) provides a baseline assessment of the ability of rural providers to correctly manage presumptive TB cases; (b) measures the gap between provider knowledge and practice and; (c) evaluates how ongoing reforms of China’s health system—characterized by a movement toward “integrated care” and promotion of initial contact with grassroots providers—will affect the care of TB patients.
title: Isolated, Large, Sporadic Neurofibroma of the Foot: A Case Report
Creators: name: Gezmis, Esin
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Surgery
subject: Education
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To remind a rare soft tissue tumor of the foot which can be a diagnostic challenge: isolated, sporadic...
Easier said than done! Organic farmers consider free-ranging important for laying hen welfare but outdoor areas need more shelter – important gaps between research and practice
Creators: name: Göransson, L.
name: Abeyesinghe, S.
name: Gunnarsson, S.
name: Yngvesson, J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: 1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the design and management of free-range areas and their use by birds on commercial organic laying hen farms in Sweden and to document farmers’ perspectives on outdoor access for poultry. 2. Eleven Swedish organic laying hen farms were visited. The farmers were interviewed about general farm management, bird health and behaviour and outdoor access. The free-range areas were assessed in terms of proportion covered by protective (high) vegetation and any artificial shelters provided. The numbers of hens ranging at different distances from the house were recorded twice during the day. 3. The outdoor area within 250m from the house contained 0–5% vegetation cover on six of the farms and at least 80% pasture on seven farms. On 10 farms, no more than 13% of the flock was observed outdoors. Of the hens observed in the free-range area, the median proportion ranging within 20m from the house or veranda per observation event was 99% (IQR=55–100%), confirming reports by the farmers. 4. Free-range access was considered important by all farmers, primarily for welfare reasons and most agreed that protective vegetation cover and/or artificial shelters were important in encouraging free-ranging. However, there was marked variation among the farmers in their suggestions on how to attract hens outside.
Geometrical Destabilization of Inflation
Creators: name: Renaux-Petel, Sébastien
name: Turzyński, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the existence of a general mechanism by which heavy scalar fields can be destabilized during inflation, relying on the fact that the curvature of the field space manifold can dominate the stabilizing force from the potential and destabilize inflationary trajectories. We describe a simple and rather universal setup in which higher-order operators suppressed by a large energy scale trigger this instability. This phenomenon can prematurely end inflation, thereby leading to important observational consequences and sometimes excluding models that would otherwise perfectly fit the data. More generally, it modifies the interpretation of cosmological constraints in terms of fundamental physics. We also explain how the geometrical destabilization can lead to powerful selection criteria on the field space curvature of inflationary models.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Extended discussion, additional results. Version published in PRL
title: Optics of polyhedra: from invisibility cloaks to curved spaces
Creators: name: Bělín, Jakub
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ray optics, physical optics, transformation optics, imaging systems, ideal lenses, invisibility, curved spaces.

description: Transformation optics is a new and highly active field of research, which employs the mathematics of differential geometry to design optical materials and devices with unusual properties.Probably the most exciting device proposed by transformation optics is the invisibility cloak. However, transformation optics can be employed in many other cases, for example when designing a setup mimicking a curved space-time phenomena in a lab. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a new concept of transformation optics: instead of designing complicated materials, we will design our devices using standard optical elements such as lenses or optical wedges. We will stretch the possibilities of geometrical optics by providing a novel description of imaging due to combinations of tilted lenses and the theory of invisibility with ideal thin lenses. This theory will be then applied to design novel transformation optics devices, namely the omnidirectional lens and a number of ideal lens invisibility cloaks. We also present a new approach of building optical systems that simulate light-field propagation in both 2D and 3D curved spaces. Instead of building the actual curved space, the light field is regarded to travel in the respective unfolded net, whose edges are optically identified, using the so-called space-cancelling wedges. By deriving a full analytical solution of the Schrodinger equation, we will also investigate a quantum motion in a number of two dimensional compact surfaces including the Klein bottle, Mobius strip and projective plane. We will show that the wavefunction exhibits perfect revivals on these surfaces and that quantum mechanics on many seemingly unphysical surfaces can be realised as simple diffraction experiments. Our work therefore offers a new concept of optical simulation of curved spaces, and potentially represents a new avenue for research of physics in curved spaces and simulating otherwise inaccessible phenomena in non-Euclidean geometries. We conclude with a summary of potential future projects which lead naturally from the results of this thesis.
title: Ultrasonografic findings in young baseball pitchers
Creators: name: Rutkauskas, Saulius
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Athletic injuries
subject: Statistics
subject: Normal variants
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Extremities
subject: Anatomy

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: The aim of our research was to assess sidetosidedifferences in morphology and function of the upper limbs in 11–12yearoldbaseball players. As the connectivetissue in boys at the onset of puberty can be particularly sensitive to intense eccentric...
A group with Property (T) acting on the circle
Creators: name: Duchesne, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We exhibit a topological group $G$ with property (T) acting non-elementarily and continuously on the circle. This group is an uncountable totally disconnected closed subgroup of $\operatorname{Homeo}^+(\mathbf{S}^1)$. It has a large unitary dual since it separates points. It comes from homeomorphisms of dendrites and a kaleidoscopic construction. Alternatively, it can be seen as the group of elements preserving some specific geodesic lamination of the hyperbolic disk. We also prove that this action is unique up to conjugation and that it can't be smoothened in any way. Finally, we determine the universal minimal flow of the group $G$.
description: A mistake has been corrected in the proof of Theorem 1.14. I thank Gianluca Basso for the correction
Enhanced Energy-Saving Mechanisms in TSCH Networks for the IIoT: the PRIL Approach
Creators: name: Cena, Gianluca
name: Scanzio, Stefano
name: Valenzano, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lifetime of motes in wireless sensor networks can be enlarged by decreasing the energy spent for communication. Approaches like time slotted channel hopping pursue this goal by performing frame exchanges according to a predefined schedule, which helps reducing the duty cycle. Unfortunately, whenever the receiving radio interface is active but nobody in the network is transmitting, idle listening occurs. If the traffic pattern is known in advance, as in the relevant case of periodic sensing, proactive reduction of idle listening (PRIL) noticeably lowers energy waste by disabling receivers when no frames are expected for them. Optimal PRIL operation demands that, at any time, the transmitter and receiver sides of a link have a coherent view of its state (either enabled or disabled). However, this is not ensured in the presence of acknowledgment frame losses. This paper presents and analyzes some strategies to cope with such events. An extensive experimental campaign has been carried out through discrete event simulation to determine what consequences above errors may have from both a functional and performance viewpoint. Results show that, although no strategy is optimal in all circumstances, different solutions can be profitably adopted depending on the specific operating conditions.
description: preprint, 11 pages
title: Periosteal stripping of the MCL
Creators: name: Pedersen, Roar
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Anatomy
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Athletic injuries

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: The combination of rupture of the PCL and medial stripping of periost from the femoral epicondyle (figure 1 and 2) presents a peculiar finding that may confuse the radiologist and clinician. This poster presents a summary of these findings, as well...
Collisional effects in modeling solar polarized lines
Creators: name: Derouich, Moncef
name: Qutub, Saleh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rigorous implementation of the effects of collisions in modeling the formation of the polarized solar lines is of utmost importance in order to realistically analyze the available, highly sensitive solar spectropolarimetric observations. Indeed, even when an observation seems to fit well with theory, one can misinterpret results if important effects due to collisions are not correctly implemented in the modeling process. We point out inconsistencies in the models adopted to implement the Paschen Back effect together with collisional effects on the solar linear polarization formed by scattering of anisotropic radiation. Because the significance of these inconsistencies increases as polarization becomes increasingly responsive to collisions, we investigate the range of hydrogen densities $n_\text{H}$ to which the polarization is sensitive. We used the density matrix formalism in the tensorial irreducible basis, which was developed within the theory of atom-radiation interaction and of atomic collisions. We solved the statistical equilibrium equations for multi-level atoms with hyperfine structure (HFS) in order to evaluate the collisional depolarization of levels of the D1-D2 lines of the K I atom. We find that collisions play a prominent role, particularly at hydrogen densities of between 10$^{13}$ and 10$^{16}$ cm$^{-3}$. So far, analyses of polarized lines formed in the presence of solar magnetic field have incorporated, if at all, collisional rates calculated assuming zero magnetic field. This could be a good approximation in the Hanle regime but not in the Paschen Back regime. For typical quiet Sun magnetic fields, the latter regime could be reached, and level-crossing takes place in several atomic systems. Therefore, one must be careful when using collisional rates calculated in the zero-field case to interpret linear polarization formed in magnetized media.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Semi-simple actions of the Higman-Thompson groups $T_n$ on finite-dimensional CAT(0) spaces
Creators: name: Kato, Motoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67

description: In this paper, we study isometric actions on finite-dimensional CAT(0) spaces for the Higman-Thompson groups $T_n$, which are generalizations of Thompson's group $T$. It is known that every semi-simple action of $T$ on a complete CAT(0) space of finite covering dimension has a global fixed point. After this result, we show that every semi-simple action of $T_n$ on a complete CAT(0) space of finite covering dimension has a global fixed point. In the proof, we regard $T_n$ as ring groups of homeomorphisms of $S^1$ introduced by Kim, Koberda and Lodha, and use general facts on these groups.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
title: Benign versus malignant vertebral compression, chemical shift MR Imaging, is it useful?
Creators: name: Örgüç, Ihsan Sebnem
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Metastases
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Trauma

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of chemical shift imaging in vertebral...
An Analytic Layer-wise Deep Learning Framework with Applications to Robotics
Creators: name: Nguyen, Huu-Thiet
name: Cheah, Chien Chern
name: Toh, Kar-Ann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep learning (DL) has achieved great success in many applications, but it has been less well analyzed from the theoretical perspective. The unexplainable success of black-box DL models has raised questions among scientists and promoted the emergence of the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In robotics, it is particularly important to deploy DL algorithms in a predictable and stable manner as robots are active agents that need to interact safely with the physical world. This paper presents an analytic deep learning framework for fully connected neural networks, which can be applied for both regression problems and classification problems. Examples for regression and classification problems include online robot control and robot vision. We present two layer-wise learning algorithms such that the convergence of the learning systems can be analyzed. Firstly, an inverse layer-wise learning algorithm for multilayer networks with convergence analysis for each layer is presented to understand the problems of layer-wise deep learning. Secondly, a forward progressive learning algorithm where the deep networks are built progressively by using single hidden layer networks is developed to achieve better accuracy. It is shown that the progressive learning method can be used for fine-tuning of weights from convergence point of view. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is illustrated based on classical benchmark recognition tasks using the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets and the results show a good balance between performance and explainability. The proposed method is subsequently applied for online learning of robot kinematics and experimental results on kinematic control of UR5e robot with unknown model are presented.
description: The paper has been published in Automatica
Experimental Evaluation of Seamless Redundancy Applied to Industrial Wi-Fi Networks
Creators: name: Cena, Gianluca
name: Scanzio, Stefano
name: Valenzano, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Seamless redundancy can be profitably exploited to improve predictability of wireless networks in general and, in particular, IEEE 802.11. According to this approach, packets are transmitted by senders on two (or more) channels at the same time and duplicate copies are discarded by receivers. As long as the behavior of physical channels is uncorrelated, communication quality improves noticeably, in terms of both transmission latencies and percentage of dropped frames. In this paper, communication over redundant links has been analyzed by means of a thorough experimental campaign, based on measurements carried out on real devices. Results confirm that, under typical operating conditions, the assumption of independence among channels in properly designed systems is verified reasonably well. Indeed, in our experiments, measured link quality indices did not differ more than 10% from what we expected from theory. This grants for redundant solutions tangible advantages over conventional Wi-Fi networks.
description: preprint, 10 pages
code.R
Creators: name: Zheng, TianPeng
name: Zhou, Wenjie
name: Guo, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Educational psychology
Testing, assessment and psychometrics
Psychological methodology, design and analysis

description: This online resource is an R code of the 4 specific Longitudinal cognitive diagnosis model [Longitudinal non-parametric classification (LNPC), Longitudinal weighted non-parametric classification(LWNPC), Longitudinal generalized non-parametric classification(LGNPC) and Longitudinal weighted generalized non-parametric classification (LWGNPC)].  Users can use this code to obtain the estimation of Longitudinal cognitive diagnosis model to get the KS of students.
Additional file 1 of ​Fusarium Protein Toolkit: a web-based resource for structural and variant analysis of Fusarium species
Creators: name: Kim, Hye-Seon
name: Haley, Olivia C.
name: Portwood II, John L.
name: Harding, Stephen
name: Proctor, Robert H.
name: Woodhouse, Margaret R.
name: Sen, Taner Z.
name: Andorf, Carson M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Sandpile models in the large
Creators: name: Ruelle, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution is a review of the deep and powerful connection between the large scale properties of critical systems and their description in terms of a field theory. Although largely applicable to many other models, the details of this connection are illustrated in the class of two-dimensional Abelian sandpile models. Bulk and boundary height variables, spanning tree related observables, boundary conditions and dissipation are all discussed in this context and found to have a proper match in the field theoretic description.
description: Invited contribution to the Research Topic "Self-Organized Criticality, Three Decades Later" (Frontiers in Physics), 55 pages
Easier said than done! Organic farmers consider free-ranging important for laying hen welfare but outdoor areas need more shelter – important gaps between research and practice
Creators: name: Göransson, Lina
name: Abeyesinghe, Siobhan
name: Gunnarsson, Stefan
name: Yngvesson, Jenny
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: 1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the design and management of free-range areas and their use by birds on commercial organic laying hen farms in Sweden and to document farmers’ perspectives on outdoor access for poultry. 2. Eleven Swedish organic laying hen farms were visited. The farmers were interviewed about general farm management, bird health and behaviour and outdoor access. The free-range areas were assessed in terms of proportion covered by protective (high) vegetation and any artificial shelters provided. The numbers of hens ranging at different distances from the house were recorded twice during the day. 3. The outdoor area within 250 m from the house contained 0-5% vegetation cover on six of the farms and at least 80% pasture on seven farms. On 10 farms, no more than 13% of the flock was observed outdoors. Of the hens observed in the free-range area, the median proportion ranging within 20 m from the house or veranda per observation event was 99% (IQR = 55-100%), confirming reports by the farmers. 4. Free-range access was considered important by all farmers, primarily for welfare reasons and most agreed that protective vegetation cover and/or artificial shelters were important in encouraging free-ranging. However, there was marked variation among the farmers in their suggestions on how to attract hens outside. 5. There is a need to investigate solutions that provide an outdoor environment that encourages free-ranging, offering e.g., straight lines to follow or a more interesting environment to stimulate curiosity as well as protection to reduce the fear of predators as suggested by the farmers, which are practicable for farmers within a commercial production context.
title: Heel that hurts
Creators: name: Gagrani, sheetal
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: 1) In this pictorial essay, we explore causes of heel and hind foot pain. Thesecan be broadly divided as follows: Plantar fascia Muscular, tendinous and ligamentous Neurogenic Osseous Bursal Tarsal tunnel Soft tissue lesions: benign andmalignant 2)...
Left restriction monoids from left $E$-completions
Creators: name: Stokes, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M10 20M20 20M30

description: Given a monoid $S$ with $E$ any non-empty subset of its idempotents, we present a novel one-sided version of idempotent completion we call left $E$-completion. In general, the construction yields a one-sided variant of a small category called a constellation by Gould and Hollings. Under certain conditions, this constellation is inductive, meaning that its partial multiplication may be extended to give a left restriction semigroup, a type of unary semigroup whose unary operation models domain. We study the properties of those pairs $S,E$ for which this happens, and characterise those left restriction semigroups that arise as such left $E$-completions of their submonoid of elements having domain $1$. As first applications, we decompose the left restriction semigroup of partial functions on the set $X$ and the right restriction semigroup of left total partitions on $X$ as left and right $E$-completions respectively of the transformation semigroup $T_X$ on $X$, and decompose the left restriction semigroup of binary relations on $X$ under demonic composition as a left $E$-completion of the left-total binary relations. In many cases, including these three examples, the construction embeds in a semigroup Zappa-Szép product.
description: 39 pages
A lattice Boltzmann method for binary fluids based on mass-conserved quasi-incompressible phase-field theory
Creators: name: Yang, Kang
name: Guo, Zhaoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) model is proposed for binary fluids based on a quasi-incompressible phase-field model [J. Shen et al, Comm. Comp. Phys. 13, 1045 (2013)]. Compared with the other incompressible LBE models based on the incompressible phase-field theory, the quasi-incompressible model conserves mass locally. A series of numerical simulations are performed to validate the proposed model, and comparisons with an incompressible LBE model [H. Liang et al, Phys. Rev. E 89, 053320 (2014)] are also carried out. It is shown that the proposed model can track the interface accurately, and the predictions by the quasi-incompressible and incompressible models agree qualitatively well as the distribution of chemical potential is uniform, otherwise differ significantly.
Distortion coefficients of the $α$-Grushin plane
Creators: name: Borza, Samuël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51F99 (Primary) 53B99, 28A75, 28C10 (Secondary)

description: We compute the distortion coefficients of the $α$-Grushin plane. They are expressed in terms of generalised trigonometric functions. Estimates for the distortion coefficients are then obtained and a conjecture of a synthetic curvature condition for the generalised Grushin planes is suggested.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures. v2: typos corrected; acknowledgments, keywords and MSC class added. v3: correction to (12) which simplifies some equations; Final version to appear in The Journal of Geometric Analysis
When does mixup promote local linearity in learned representations?
Creators: name: Chaudhry, Arslan
name: Menon, Aditya Krishna
name: Veit, Andreas
name: Jayasumana, Sadeep
name: Ramalingam, Srikumar
name: Kumar, Sanjiv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mixup is a regularization technique that artificially produces new samples using convex combinations of original training points. This simple technique has shown strong empirical performance, and has been heavily used as part of semi-supervised learning techniques such as mixmatch~\citep{berthelot2019mixmatch} and interpolation consistent training (ICT)~\citep{verma2019interpolation}. In this paper, we look at Mixup through a \emph{representation learning} lens in a semi-supervised learning setup. In particular, we study the role of Mixup in promoting linearity in the learned network representations. Towards this, we study two questions: (1) how does the Mixup loss that enforces linearity in the \emph{last} network layer propagate the linearity to the \emph{earlier} layers?; and (2) how does the enforcement of stronger Mixup loss on more than two data points affect the convergence of training? We empirically investigate these properties of Mixup on vision datasets such as CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and SVHN. Our results show that supervised Mixup training does not make \emph{all} the network layers linear; in fact the \emph{intermediate layers} become more non-linear during Mixup training compared to a network that is trained \emph{without} Mixup. However, when Mixup is used as an unsupervised loss, we observe that all the network layers become more linear resulting in faster training convergence.
Metagenomic reconstructions of caecal microbiome in Landes, Roman and Zhedong White geese
Creators: name: Zhu, J.
name: Song, Y.
name: Xiao, Y.
name: Ma, L.
name: Hu, C.
name: Yang, H.
name: Wang, X.
name: Lyu, W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: 1. The caecal microbiota in geese play a crucial role in determining the host’s health, disease status and behaviour, as evidenced by extensive epidemiological data. The present investigation conducted 10× metagenomic sequencing of caecal content samples obtained from three distinct goose species, namely Landes geese, Roman geese and Zhedong White geese (n = 5), to explore the contribution of the gut microbiome to carbohydrate metabolism. 2. In total, 337GB of Illumina data were generated, which identified 1,048,575 complete genes and construction of 331 metagenomic bins, encompassing 78 species from nine phyla. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteria were identified as the dominant phyla while Prevotella, Bacteroides, Streptococcus, and Subdoligranulum were the most abundant genera in the caecum of geese. 3. The genes were allocated to 375 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis. The most abundant classes in the caecum of geese were confirmed to be glycoside hydrolases (GHs), glycosyl transferases (GTs), as identified through the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) database mapping. Subdoligranulum variabile and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus were discovered to potentially facilitate carbohydrate digestion in geese. 4. Notwithstanding, further investigation and validation are required to establish a connection between these species and CAZymes. Based on binning analysis, Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus and Ruminococcus sp. CAG:177 are potential species in LD geese that contribute to the production of fatty liver.
Velocity-driven frictional sliding: Coarsening and steady-state pulse trains
Creators: name: Roch, Thibault
name: Brener, Efim A.
name: Molinari, Jean-Francois
name: Bouchbinder, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frictional sliding is an intrinsically complex phenomenon, emerging from the interplay between driving forces, elasto-frictional instabilities, interfacial nonlinearity and dissipation, material inertia and bulk geometry. We show that homogeneous rate-and-state dependent frictional systems, driven at a prescribed boundary velocity -- as opposed to a prescribed stress -- in a range where the frictional interface is rate-weakening, generically host self-healing slip pulses, a sliding mode not yet fully understood. Such velocity-driven frictional systems are then shown to exhibit coarsening dynamics saturated at the system length in the sliding direction, independently of the system's height, leading to steadily propagating pulse trains. The latter may be viewed as a propagating phase-separated state, where slip and stick characterize the two phases. While pulse trains' periodicity is coarsening-limited by the system's length, the single pulse width, characteristic slip velocity and propagation speed exhibit rich properties, which are comprehensively understood using theory and extensive numerics. Finally, we show that for sufficiently small system heights, pulse trains are accompanied by periodic elasto-frictional instabilities.
description: 18 page, 9 figures (including appendices)
Cryptosporidium Priming Is More Effective than Vaccine for Protection against Cryptosporidiosis in a Murine Protein Malnutrition Model
Creators: name: Kolling, Glynis L.
name: Buck, Gregory A.
name: Roche, James K.
name: Noronha, Francisco Jose
name: Warren, Cirle A.
name: Zaenker, Edna I.
name: Turner, Jerrold R.
name: Lara, Ana M.
name: Cowardin, Carrie A.
name: Guerrant, Richard L.
name: Bartelt, Luther A.
name: Moore, John H.
name: Bolick, David T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Cryptosporidium is a major cause of severe diarrhea, especially in malnourished children. Using a murine model of C. parvum oocyst challenge that recapitulates clinical features of severe cryptosporidiosis during malnutrition, we interrogated the effect of protein malnutrition (PM) on primary and secondary responses to C. parvum challenge, and tested the differential ability of mucosal priming strategies to overcome the PM-induced susceptibility. We determined that while PM fundamentally alters systemic and mucosal primary immune responses to Cryptosporidium, priming with C. parvum (106 oocysts) provides robust protective immunity against re-challenge despite ongoing PM. C. parvum priming restores mucosal Th1-type effectors (CD3+CD8+CD103+ T-cells) and cytokines (IFNγ, and IL12p40) that otherwise decrease with ongoing PM. Vaccination strategies with Cryptosporidium antigens expressed in the S. Typhi vector 908htr, however, do not enhance Th1-type responses to C. parvum challenge during PM, even though vaccination strongly boosts immunity in challenged fully nourished hosts. Remote non-specific exposures to the attenuated S. Typhi vector alone or the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN-1668 can partially attenuate C. parvum severity during PM, but neither as effectively as viable C. parvum priming. We conclude that although PM interferes with basal and vaccine-boosted immune responses to C. parvum, sustained reductions in disease severity are possible through mucosal activators of host defenses, and specifically C. parvum priming can elicit impressively robust Th1-type protective immunity despite ongoing protein malnutrition. These findings add insight into potential correlates of Cryptosporidium immunity and future vaccine strategies in malnourished children.
title: Postsurgical MRI characteristics of talar osteochondral lesions in young patients
Creators: name: Mustapic, Matej
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Surgery
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal joint

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes following arthroscopic microfracture (AM) of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) in children before skeletal...
Non-invasive multigrid for semi-structured grids
Creators: name: Mayr, Matthias
name: Berger-Vergiat, Luc
name: Ohm, Peter
name: Tuminaro, Raymond S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multigrid solvers for hierarchical hybrid grids (HHG) have been proposed to promote the efficient utilization of high performance computer architectures. These HHG meshes are constructed by uniformly refining a relatively coarse fully unstructured mesh. While HHG meshes provide some flexibility for unstructured applications, most multigrid calculations can be accomplished using efficient structured grid ideas and kernels. This paper focuses on generalizing the HHG idea so that it is applicable to a broader community of computational scientists, and so that it is easier for existing applications to leverage structured multigrid components. Specifically, we adapt the structured multigrid methodology to significantly more complex semi-structured meshes. Further, we illustrate how mature applications might adopt a semi-structured solver in a relatively non-invasive fashion. To do this, we propose a formal mathematical framework for describing the semi-structured solver. This formalism allows us to precisely define the associated multigrid method and to show its relationship to a more traditional multigrid solver. Additionally, the mathematical framework clarifies the associated software design and implementation. Numerical experiments highlight the relationship of the new solver with classical multigrid. We also demonstrate the generality and potential performance gains associated with this type of semi-structured multigrid.
Spin-flipping with Holmium: Case study of proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures
Creators: name: Fritsch, Daniel
name: Annett, James F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures exhibit a so-called long-range proximity effect provided some layers of conical magnet Holmium are included in the respective interface regions. The Ho layers lead to a spin-flip process at the interface generating equal-spin spin-triplet pairing correlations in the ferromagnet. These equal-spin spin-triplet pairing correlations penetrate much further into the heterostructure compared to the spin-singlet and unequal-spin spin-triplet correlations which occur in the absence of Ho. Here we present calculations of this effect based on the spin-dependent microscopic Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations solved within a tight-binding model in the clean limit. The influence of the ferromagnet and conical magnet layer thickness on the induced equal-spin spin-triplet pairing correlations is obtained and compared to available experimental data. It is shown that, in agreement with experiment, a critical minimum thickness of conical magnet layers has to be present in order to observe a sizeable amount of equal-spin spin-triplet pairing correlations.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
title: Traction MR arthrography of the hip: technique, benefit and case studies
Creators: name: Henninger, Benjamin
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Arthrography
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal joint

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To learn the procedure and benefit of traction MR arthrography of the hip. Case studies will help to understand and report the most important pathologies as labral tears and chondral...