cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Structured Prediction as Translation between Augmented Natural Languages
Creators: name: Paolini, Giovanni
name: Athiwaratkun, Ben
name: Krone, Jason
name: Ma, Jie
name: Achille, Alessandro
name: Anubhai, Rishita
name: Santos, Cicero Nogueira dos
name: Xiang, Bing
name: Soatto, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new framework, Translation between Augmented Natural Languages (TANL), to solve many structured prediction language tasks including joint entity and relation extraction, nested named entity recognition, relation classification, semantic role labeling, event extraction, coreference resolution, and dialogue state tracking. Instead of tackling the problem by training task-specific discriminative classifiers, we frame it as a translation task between augmented natural languages, from which the task-relevant information can be easily extracted. Our approach can match or outperform task-specific models on all tasks, and in particular, achieves new state-of-the-art results on joint entity and relation extraction (CoNLL04, ADE, NYT, and ACE2005 datasets), relation classification (FewRel and TACRED), and semantic role labeling (CoNLL-2005 and CoNLL-2012). We accomplish this while using the same architecture and hyperparameters for all tasks and even when training a single model to solve all tasks at the same time (multi-task learning). Finally, we show that our framework can also significantly improve the performance in a low-resource regime, thanks to better use of label semantics.
The Safety Barrier Dilemma
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Cornette, Don L.
name: Seymour, William M.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: "Ran-off-the-road" fatal accidents currently account for approximately 65 percent of all freeway fatalities (1). Accordingly, ever-increasing emphasis has been given to the development of effective safety barrier systems, from guardrails to earth berms to median barriers to energy absorbing barriers and mires. However, highway designers have also recognized that safety barriers are hazards in themselves, misfits in the highway environment, and that they are items to be eliminated wherever possible. In a study of fatal accidents on the Interstate Highway System, it was found that fixed object collisions have been the leading source of fatalities, accounting for 43 percent of the 1968-1969 fatal accidents (2). Ironically, guardrails were found to be the most frequent objects struck first -- accounting for 31 percent of the total. Furthermore, this same study estimates that, excluding non-interstate and secondary urban roads, 6,300 miles of guardrail were constructed on public roads in 1969. Statistics such as these illustrate the risks facing today's drivers on the Interstate Highway System. Until a major modification is made that produces a significant reduction in such risks, less mobility (through travel restrictions) will be required to produce a significant reduction in fatalities per year (3).
Barbara Sasse, Der Weg zu einer archäologischen Wissenschaft. Band 1: Die Archäologien von der Antike bis 1630
Creators: name: Schnapp, Alain
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Barbara Sasse, Der Weg zu einer archäologischen Wissenschaft. Band 1: Die Archäologien von der Antike bis 1630. Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Band 69,1. DeGruyter, Berlin, Boston 2017. ISBN 978-3-11-021469-7 (Hardcover). 978-3-11-038424-6 (E-book). 978-3-11-021470-3 (PDF). doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214703. XII + 446 pages with 60 figures
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
title: Bioactive Compounds in Fermented Foods: A Systematic Narrative Review
Creators: name: Curiel, José Antonio
name: Budak, Sebnem Ozturkoglu
name: KÜNİLİ, İbrahim Ender
name: Todorovic, Smilja
name: KESENKAŞ, Harun
name: AKPINAR, ASLI
name: Starowicz, Malgorzata
name: Karagözlü, Cem
name: AKDENİZ, Vildan
name: MÜZEYYEN BERKEL KAŞIKÇI
name: MARIO CARUANA GRECH PERRY
name: Guzel, Mustafa
name: Vergères, Guy
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Fermented foods
subject: bioactive compounds
subject: clinical effects
subject: fermentation
subject: health benefits

description: Preamble – This study protocol is one among the 16 study protocols of reviews conducted by the working group 3 (WG3) of the COST Action CA20128 - Promoting Innovation of Fermented Foods (PIMENTO). These reviews summarize the evidence for a set of 16 functional properties of fermented foods. WG3 reviews follow the guidance of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) “Scientific and technical guidance for the preparation and presentation of a health claim application” (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, 2021b). This guidance is composed of three major parts: (i) a systematic review of human studies; (ii) a non-systematic reviewing of the characteristics of the investigated fermented foods; (iii) a non-systematic reviewing of evidence supporting the functional properties of the investigated fermented foods, in particular the mechanism of action and the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the active compounds. In addition, safety aspects will also be considered in the reviews.
The systematic reviewing of the human studies is conducted based on the guidance by Muka et al. (Muka et al., 2020). The PROSPERO study protocol is used as basis to structure the reviewing process of the human studies. It is also adapted to the needs of the WG3 reviews to include the non-systematic parts of the reviews described above to create this generic PIMENTO Study Protocol (PIMENTO-SP). Each of the sections below contains a generic methodology valid for all reviews. The PIMENTO-SP, however, allows for the introduction of review-specific information and methodology. The study protocols of each of the 16 WG3 reviews are deposited in Open Science Framework Registries (OSF) (https://osf.io/registries) using the Open-Ended-Registration modus (Bakker et al., 2020). The narrative summary of the review also deposited in OSF is a copy-paste of the paragraph describing the review in the PIMENTO position paper by Todorovic et al. to which this study protocol is linked.
This study protocol (PIMENTO-SP-S1) describes the workflow aimed at reviewing the clinical evidence for the identification of bioactive compounds derived from fermented foods.
Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new set of parameters ("tunes") for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG 7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG 7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s} =$ 0.9, 7, and 13 TeV. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the data.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/GEN-19-001 (CMS Public Pages)
Data-Driven Acceleration of Thermal Radiation Transfer Calculations with the Dynamic Mode Decomposition and a Sequential Singular Value Decomposition
Creators: name: McClarren, Ryan G.
name: Haut, Terry S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for accelerating discrete ordinates radiative transfer calculations for radiative transfer. Our method works with nonlinear positivity fixes, in contrast to most acceleration schemes. The method is based on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and using a sequence of rank-one updates to compute the singular value decomposition needed for DMD. Using a sequential method allows us to automatically determine the number of solution vectors to include in the DMD acceleration. We present results for slab geometry discrete ordinates calculations with the standard temperature linearization. Compared with positive source iteration, our results demonstrate that our acceleration method reduces the number of transport sweeps required to solve the problem by a factor of about 3 on a standard diffusive Marshak wave problem, a factor of several thousand on a cooling problem where the effective scattering ratio approaches unity, and a factor of 20 improvement in a realistic, multimaterial radiating shock problem.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures
Bodil Petersson / Cornelius Holtorf (Hrsg.), The Archaeology of Time Travel. Experiencing the Past in the 21st Century
Creators: name: Mölders, Doreen
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Bodil Petersson / Cornelius Holtorf (Hrsg.), The Archaeology of Time Travel. Experiencing the Past in the 21st Century. Archaeopress Publishing, Oxford 2017. ISBN 978-1-78491-500-1 (gedruckte Ausgabe). ISBN 978-1-78491-501-8 (e-PDF, Open Access: http://www.archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/download.asp?id={9B3CA03F-F66D-4F69-8158-B19208AA137F} [letzter Zugriff: 31.12.2020]). x + 316 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Milli-arcsecond--scale Spectral Properties and Jet Motions in M87
Creators: name: Dodson, Richard
name: Edwards, Philip G.
name: Hirabayashi, Hisashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have combined high resolution VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP) data at 1.6 and 4.8 GHz with Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data at higher frequencies and with similar resolutions to study the spectral properties of the core of M87 with milliarcsecond resolution. The VSOP data allow a more accurate measurement of the turn-over frequency, and hence more reliable determination of associated physical parameters of the source. Comparison of the images with previously published images yields no evidence for significant motion of components in the parsec-scale jet. In addition, the brightness temperatures obtained from model-fits to the core are well below the inverse Compton limit, suggesting the radio emission we are observing is not strongly Doppler boosted. Colour version on http://www.vsop.isas.jaxa.jp/survey/publications/m87.ps.gz
description: To appear in PASJ VSOP special issue. Minor corrections
Detecting the Figure Rotation of Dark Matter Halos with Tidal Streams
Creators: name: Valluri, Monica
name: Price-Whelan, Adrian M.
name: Snyder, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark matter halos that surround Milky Way-like galaxies in cosmological simulations are, to first order, triaxial. Nearly 30 years ago it was predicted that such triaxial dark matter halos should exhibit steady figure rotation or tumbling motions for durations of several gigayears. The angular frequency of figure rotation predicted by cosmological simulations is described by a log-normal distribution of pattern speed with a median value 0.15hkm/s/kpc (~ 0.15h rad/Gyr ~ 9h deg/Gyr) and a width of 0.83km/s/kpc. These pattern speeds are so small that they have generally been considered both unimportant and undetectable. In this work we show that even this extremely slow figure rotation can significantly alter the structure of extended stellar streams produced by the tidal disruption of satellites in the Milky Way halo. We simulate the behavior of a Sagittarius-like polar tidal stream in triaxial dark matter halos with different shapes, when the halos are rotated about the three principal axes. For pattern speeds typical of cosmological halos we demonstrate, for the first time, that a Sagittarius-like tidal stream would be altered to a degree that is detectable even with current observations. This discovery will potentially allow for a future measurement of figure rotation of the Milky Way's dark halo, and perhaps enabling the first evidence of this relatively unexplored prediction of LambdaCDM.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Revised version includes a new subsection on the generalized effects of figure rotation about any of the 3 principle axes of triaxial potential on both long and short axis tubes
Economic Evaluation of New Technologies and Promotions in the Australian Sheep and Wool Industries
Creators: name: Mounter, Stuart W.
name: Mounter, Stuart W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Australian sheep and wool industries
subject: equilibrium displacement model
subject: cross-commodity relationships
subject: R&D and promotion evaluation

description: Knowledge about the size and distribution of returns from alternative broad types of R&D and promotion investments permit strategic-level decisions about resource allocation, both within and across research programs. The Australian sheep meat and wool industries are characterised by strong cross-commodity relationships due to the joint product nature of the industries. An equilibrium displacement model of the Australian sheep meat and wool industries was developed to account for these relationships and any indirect benefits and costs arising from spill-over and feedback effects between the industries as a result of research-induced innovation or promotion. The potential annual returns and their distribution among the various industry sectors were estimated from different hypothetical investment scenarios to demonstrate the model's relevance to R&D and promotion policy and decision-making.
Spinors and Scalars in curved spacetime: neutrino dark energy (DE$_ν$)
Creators: name: Khalifeh, Ali Rida
name: Jimenez, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interaction, in general curved spacetime, between a spinor and a scalar field describing dark energy; the so-called DE$_ν$ model in curved space. The dominant term is the dimension 5 operator, which results in different energy shifts for the neutrino states: an Aharonov-Bohm-like effect. We study the phenomenology of this term and make observational predictions to detect dark energy interactions in the laboratory due to its effect on neutrino oscillation experiments, which opens up the possibility of designing underground experiments to detect dark energy. This dimension 5 operator beyond the Standard Model interaction is less suppressed than the widely discussed dimension 6 operator, which corresponds to mass varying neutrinos; the dimension 5 operator does not suffer from gravitational instabilities.
description: Matches version accepted by the Journal (Physics of the Dark Universe)
[Notes on the Faye collection II]
Creators: name: Hill, Jane
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cup

description: Second of two notebooks of Jane Hill's notes on Paul-Louis Faye's field notes on Cupeño linguistics and ethnography, held by the Bancroft library at UC Berkeley (see here: http://oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b21265809~S1)
title: Οπτική Τεχνολογία
title: Οπτική Τεχνολογία
Creators: name: Chandrinos, Aristeidis
name: Tzamouranis, Dorotheos-Dimitrios
name: Mouzaka, Aikaterini
name: Karetsos, George
Publisher: name: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
Year: 2024
Subjects: Οπτικά υλικά
Σχεδίαση φακών
Πρίσματα
Αμετρωπίες
Σκελετοί οράσεως
Διορθωτική συνταγή
Optical materials
Lens design
Prisms
Ammetropia
Eyewear frames
Corrective prescription
Bifocals and multifocal lenses
Διπλεστιακοί και πολυεστιακοί φακοί

description: Οπτική Τεχνολογία
description: Φως, οπτική και όραση: Ηλεκτρομαγνητική ακτινοβολία.. Απορρόφηση, ανάκλαση και διάθλαση. Οπτικός άξονας. Κύρια και δευτερεύουσα εστία Σχέση δύναμης και εστιακής απόστασης. Διαθλαστικά σφάλματα και διορθωτικοί φακοί. Οπτικά υλικά: Οπτικά Υλικά οφθαλμικών φακών. Ιστορική αναδρομή. Η ανακάλυψη του γυαλιού. Η ανάπτυξη των πολυμερών υλικών. Το οργανικό γυαλί. Επιφανειακές βελτιώσεις. Σφαιρικοί και αστιγματικοί φακοί: Σχεδίαση σφαιρικών οφθαλμικών φακών. Προσδιορισμός άξονα κυλίνδρου. Κυλινδρικός φακός και εξουδετέρωση σφαιρο-κυλινδρικών φακών. Απλές και Τορικές Μετατροπές: Κανόνες Απλών Μετατροπών Σχεδιασμός τορικής επιφάνειας. Τορικές Μετατροπές. Πρίσματα στην οπτική: Διόφθαλμη όραση και λειτουργία πρίσματος.. Γωνία κορυφής πρίσματος και πρισματική διοπτρία Δημιουργία πρίσματος με αποκέντρωση. Πρισματικό φαινόμενο σε κάθε σημείο του φακού. Οπτικά σφάλματα και διόρθωση: Αμετρωπίες και Διαθλαστικά σφάλματα Ανισομετρωπία και ανισοεικονία. Καμπύλωση και παραμόρφωση πεδίου. Προσαρμογή και πρεσβυωπία. Παθολογικές καταστάσεις του οφθαλμού: Καταρράκτης, Γλαύκωμα. Διαβητική Αμφιβληστροειδοπάθεια. Εκφύλιση της Ωχράς. Μυγάκια και σκιές στο υαλώδες Όργανα και συσκευές οπτικού εργαστηρίου: Αυτόματοι και χειροκίνητοι τροχοί. Πένσες και άλλα μικροεργαλεία. Εστιόμετρο και σφαιρόμετρο. Οι δυνάμεις Vertex ενός φακού. Μετρήσεις οφθαλμικών φακών: Βασικές αρχές μέτρησης του φακού. Σύστημα φακών: Κύρια επίπεδα και ισοδύναμος φακός Διπλεστιακοί και Πολυεστιακοί φακοί:. Τύποι διπλεστιακών. Τριπλεστιακοί φακοί και διόρθωση. «Hard» και «Soft» σχεδίαση πολυεστιακών νέας γενεάς. Τοποθέτηση πολυεστιακών. Ασφαιρική σχεδίαση οφθαλμικών φακών: Σφάλματα λειτουργίας οφθαλμικών φακών. Ασφαιρική σχεδίαση. Τοποθέτηση Ασφαιρικών φακών. Ατορικοί φακοί. Ερμηνεία της διορθωτικής συνταγής: Επαλήθευση ολοκληρωμένης συνταγής. Καταγραφή ελάχιστων προδιαγραφών ζεύγους γυαλιών. Σκελετοί οράσεως και τοποθέτηση των φακών: Χαρακτηριστικά και ιδιότητες υλικών σκελετών οράσεως. Τύποι και επιλογή σκελετού
The Impact of Pork Advertising on US Meat Demand in the Presence of Competing Beef Advertising and Food Safety Events
Creators: name: Piggott, Nicholas E.
name: Zhen, Chen
name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Wolhlgenant, Michael K.
name: Piggott, Nicholas E.
name: Zhen, Chen
name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Wolhlgenant, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety
subject: Generalized Almost Ideal Demand System
subject: generic advertising
subject: meat demand
subject: polynomial inverse lag

description: We examine the effects of domestic advertising and promotion expenditures on meat demand, extending previous efforts in several areas, including the use of more recent data, employing a complete demand system and simultaneously measuring the impacts of generic pork and beef advertising and food safety information on the demand for beef, pork, and poultry. Using the Generalized Almost Ideal Demand System (GAIDS), own- and cross- beef and pork advertising and own- and cross- beef, pork, and poultry food safety effects are measured jointly and consistently. To allow for a more complex dynamic response of advertising and food safety effects, the flexible distributed lag technique of Mitchell and Speaker (1986) is employed. The coefficients on pork advertising in the pork and poultry equations are highly significant. The coefficients on beef advertising are only statistically significantly different from zero in the poultry equation indicating the primary impact from these efforts is a cross-commodity effect. To investigate the economic significance of these effects, elasticities for price, expenditure, food safety and advertising are calculated and compared. Consistent with previous work we find the impacts of advertising and food safety effects to be economically small compared with price and expenditure effects.
SPATIAL COMPETITION AND ETHANOL PLANT LOCATION DECISIONS
Creators: name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Wilson, William W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Ethanol is one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. agricultural sector. This study estimates factors that impact location decisions by new ethanol plants using logistic regression analysis and spatial correlation techniques. The results indicate that location decisions are impacted by the agricultural characteristics of a county, competition, and state-level subsidies. Spatial competition is particularly important. Existence of a competing ethanol plant reduces the likelihood of making a positive location decision and this impact decreases with distance. Finally, state-level subsidies were significant and a very important variable impacting ethanol location decisions.
Brigitta Mader, Die Prähistorische Kommission der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1878–1918
Creators: name: Grunwald, Susanne
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Brigitta Mader, Die Prähistorische Kommission der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1878–1918. Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission 86. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2018. ISBN 978-3-7001-7768-5. 609 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Speed of Sound in the Mass Varying Neutrinos Scenario
Creators: name: Takahashi, Ryo
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss about the speed of sound squared in the Mass Varying Neutrinos scenario (MaVaNs). Recently, it was argued that the MaVaNs has a catastrophic instability which is the emergence of an imaginary speed of sound at the non-relativistic limit of neutrinos. As the result of this instability, the neutrino-acceleron fluid cannot act as the dark energy. However, it is found that the speed of sound squared in the neutrino-acceleron fluid could be positive in our model. We examine the speed of sound in two cases of the scalar potential. One is the small fractional power-law potential and another is the logarithmic one. The power-law potential model with the right-handed neutrinos gives a stable one.
description: 17 pages, References added, minor modifications
Expansive Limestone Aggregate in a Concrete Pavement
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Rahal, Assaf S.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Recurrent blowups and surface cracking are common symptoms of distress in concrete pavements. Premature appearance of distress symptoms is alarming because the materials used in the concrete become suspect. Criteria for design, quality of materials, and construction are necessarily re-evaluated. Indeed, a dutiful effort to discover the cause(s) and to provide future safeguards is reasonably expected.  The analysis of causative factors besetting I 65-1(13)13 was complicated by an intuitive notion that blowups and surface cracks might be separate and independent problems. The crack pattern resembled the configuration of the wire mesh -- which was vibrated into position after the concrete was spread and screeded. The blowups are, as the evidence presented here will show, attributable to expansive forces arising from a limestone aggregate which now has been identified with specific ledges in the source quarry. The nature of this aggregate was such that its deleterious or expansive character would not have been detected by the specification tests and routine safeguards then in effect. However, insights extending beyond specification requirements surely would have made the ledges suspect had they been brought to bear in this instance.  This report includes a relevant history of the project and results from the several investigative tests undertaken.
Geodesics and the best measurement for distinguishing quantum states
Creators: name: Ericsson, Asa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From statistical distinguishability of probability distributions, one can define distinguishability of quantum states. A corresponding measurement to perform, optimal in a definite sense, for distinguishing between two given states rho_A and rho_B, has been derived by Fuchs and Caves. We show that the Bures-Uhlmann geodesic through the two states singles out this measurement. The geodesic `bounces' at the boundary of the set of quantum states. Whenever the geodesic hits the boundary, the state orthogonal to that boundary state is one of the basis states for the measurement.
description: 3 pages, replaced by published version
The Three Hundred Project: Dynamical state of galaxy clusters and morphology from multi-wavelength synthetic maps
Creators: name: De Luca, Federico
name: De Petris, Marco
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Cui, Weiguang
name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Rasia, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the connection between morphology and dynamical state of the simulated galaxy clusters in $z\in[0,1.031]$ from THE THREE HUNDRED Project. We quantify cluster dynamical state using a combination of dynamical indicators from theoretical measures and compare this combined parameter, $χ$, with the results from morphological classifications. The dynamical state of the cluster sample shows a continuous distribution from dynamically relaxed, more abundant at lower redshift, to hybrid and disturbed. The dynamical state presents a clear dependence on the radius, with internal regions more relaxed than outskirts. The morphology from multi-wavelength mock observation of clusters in X-ray, optical, and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect images, is quantified by $M$ -- a combination of six parameters for X-ray and SZ maps and the offsets between the optical position of the Brightest Central Galaxy (BCG) and the X-ray/SZ centroids. All the morphological parameters are highly correlated with each other, while they show a moderately strong correlation with the dynamical $χ$ parameter. The X-ray or SZ peaks are less affected by the dynamical state than centroids, which results in reliable tracers of the cluster density peak. The principal source of contamination in the relaxed cluster fraction, inferred from morphological parameters, is due to dynamically hybrid clusters. Compared to individual parameters, which consider only one aspect of cluster property (e.g. only clumping or asymmetry), the combined morphological and dynamical parameters ($M$ and $χ$) collect more information and provide a single and more accurate estimation of the cluster dynamical state.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Synchrotron Radiation in Lorentz-violating Electrodynamics: the Myers-Pospelov model
Creators: name: Montemayor, R.
name: Urrutia, L. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a detailed analysis of synchrotron radiation in the effective Lorentz invariance violating (LIV) model of Myers-Pospelov, considering explicitly both the dynamics of the charge producing the radiation and the dynamics of the electromagnetic field itself. Within the radiation approximation we compute exact expressions in the LIV parameters for the electric and magnetic fields, the angular distribution of the power spectrum, the total emitted power in the m-th harmonic and the polarization. We also perform expansions of the exact results in terms of the LIV parameters to identify the dominant effects, and study the main features of the high energy limit of the spectrum. A very interesting consequence is the appearance of rather unexpected and large amplifying factors associated with the LIV effects, which go along with the usual contributions of the expansion parameter. This opens up the possibility of looking for astrophysical sources where these amplifying factors are important to further explore the constraints imposed upon the LIV parameters by synchrotron radiation measurements. We briefly sketch some phenomenological applications in the case of SNRs and GRBs.
description: 33 pages, 2 tables. A new brief section (Section VII) has been added with a discussion of the contributions of dimension six operators, and the Introduction has been enlarged with some comments about numerical values of current bounds to LIV parameters and additional references
Stefanie Samida, Die archäologische Entdeckung als Medienereignis. Heinrich Schliemann und seine Ausgrabungen im öffentlichen Diskurs, 1870–1890
Creators: name: Holtorf, Cornelius
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Stefanie Samida, Die archäologische Entdeckung als Medienereignis. Heinrich Schliemann und seine Ausgrabungen im öffentlichen Diskurs, 1870–1890. Edition Historische Kulturwissenschaften Band 3. Waxmann, Münster, New York 2018. ISBN 978-3-8309-3789-0 (Softcover). ISBN 978-3-8309-8789-5 (E-Book). 336 Seiten mit 20 Abbildungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Timothy Darvill / Kerry Barrass / Vanessa Constant / Ehren Milner / Bronwen Russell, Archaeology in the PPG16 Era. Investigations in England 1990–2010
Creators: name: Demoule, Jean-Paul
name: Vanmoerkerke, Jan
name: Mazurié De Kéroualin, Karoline
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Timothy Darvill / Kerry Barrass / Vanessa Constant / Ehren Milner / Bronwen Russell, Archaeology in the PPG16 Era. Investigations in England 1990–2010. Oxbow Books, Oxford und Philadelphia 2019. ISBN 978-1-78925-108-1 (Paperback). ISBN 978-1-78925-108-7 (E-Book). xxiv + 327 Seiten mit 180 Abbildungen und 67 Tabellen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Dirk Brandherm / Elon Heymans / Daniela Hofmann (Hrsg.), Gifts, Goods and Money. Comparing Currency and Circulation Systems in Past Societies
Creators: name: Neumann, Daniel
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Dirk Brandherm / Elon Heymans / Daniela Hofmann (Hrsg.), Gifts, Goods and Money. Comparing Currency and Circulation Systems in Past Societies. Archaeopress Publishing, Oxford 2018. ISBN 978-1-78491-835-4 (gedruckte Ausgabe). ISBN 978-1-78491-836-1 (e-PDF, Open Access: https://www.archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/download.asp?id={F472F2C0-8B59-4CBC-9747-DD3E4FF5D6C0} [letzter Zugriff: 31.12.2020]). vi + 223 Seiten mit 60 Abbildungen in Schwarz-Weiß und Farbe sowie neun Tabellen. Neun Beiträge mit englischen, französischen und deutschen Zusammenfassungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Combustion Synthesis of Materials for Application in Supercapacitors: A Review
Creators: name: Sisakyan, Narek
name: Chilingaryan, Gayane
name: Manukyan, Aram
name: Mukasyan, Alexander
S.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: A supercapacitor is an energy storage device that has the advantage of rapidly storing and releasing energy compared to traditional batteries. One powerful method for creating a wide range of materials is combustion synthesis, which relies on self-sustained chemical reactions. Specifically, solution combustion synthesis involves mixing reagents at the molecular level in an aqueous solution. This method allows for the fabrication of various nanostructured materials, such as binary and complex oxides, sulfides, and carbon-based nanocomposites, which are commonly used for creating electrodes in supercapacitors. The solution combustion synthesis offers flexibility in tuning the properties of the materials by adjusting the composition of the reactive solution, the type of fuel, and the combustion conditions. The process takes advantage of high temperatures, short processing times, and significant gas release to produce well crystalline nanostructured materials with a large specific surface area. This specific surface area is essential for enhancing the performance of electrodes in supercapacitors. Our review focuses on recent publications in this field, specifically examining the relationship between the microstructure of materials and their electrochemical properties. We discuss the findings and suggest potential improvements in the properties and stability of the fabricated composites based on the results.
Surrogate Modeling of the CLIC Final-Focus System using Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Ogren, J.
name: Gohil, C.
name: Schulte, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial neural networks can be used for creating surrogate models that can replace computationally expensive simulations. In this paper, a surrogate model was created for a subset of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) final-focus system. By training on simulation data, we created a model that maps sextupole offsets to luminosity and beam sizes, thus replacing computationally intensive tracking and beam-beam simulations. This model was then used for optimizing the parameters of a random walk procedure for sextupole alignment.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
The cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and thermoregulatory physiology of juvenile northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris)
Creators: name: Andrews, Russel D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Heart rates, respiratory frequencies, field metabolic rates (FMR) and body temperatures of northern elephant seals diving at sea and during apnoea on land were monitored to gain insight into the ability of elephant seals to make repetitive, long duration dives. Juvenile northern elephant seals were captured at Afio Nuevo, CA, instrumented, and translocated to release sites around Monterey Bay. Data were recorded with custom data loggers and analogue Holter monitors during the seals' return to Ano Nuevo and during apnoea and eupnoea on land after they hauled out on the beach. Diving patterns were very similar to those of naturally migrating juveniles. The heart rate response to apnoea at sea and on land was a prompt bradycardia, but only at sea was there an anticipatory tachycardia before breathing commenced. Heart rate at sea declined by 64% from the surface rate of 107±3 beats min⁻¹ (mean ± SD) while heart rate on land declined by 31% from the eupnoeic rate of 65±8 beats min⁻¹. Diving heart rate was inversely related to dive duration in a non-linear fashion, best described by a continuous, curvilinear model, while heart rate during apnoea on land was independent of apnoea duration. Occasionally, instantaneous heart rate fell as low as 3 beats min⁻¹ during diving. Although bradycardia occurred in response to apnoea both at sea and on land, only at sea was heart rate apparently regulated to minimise eupnoeic time and to ration oxygen stores to ensure adequate supplies for the heart and brain not only as the dive progressed normally, but also when the dive was abnormally extended. The mean respiratory frequency (fR) during the first min after a dive was 22.0 ± 2.0 breaths min⁻¹, which was 2.4 times greater than fR after an apnoea on land, despite that the mean dive duration was not different from the mean duration of apnoea on land. The higher f[sub R] at sea permits elephant seals to spend only short periods at the surface for gas exchange, resulting in quick recovery from long dives and a high percentage of time spent submerged. The at-sea FMR was no different from the onshore FMR, even though seals at sea were swimming almost continually in cold, highly conductive water and seals onshore were usually just resting. This may be partially due to a regulated heat loss and temperature reduction at the onset of long duration diving that possibly reduces diving metabolic rate through a reduction in thermoregulatory costs and a Q₁₀ related decrease in metabolism.
Dragoş Gheorghiu / Emília Pásztor / Herman Bender / George Nash (Hrsg.), Archaeological Approaches to Shamanism. Mind-Body, Nature, and Culture
Creators: name: Reymann, Andy
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Dragoş Gheorghiu / Emília Pásztor / Herman Bender / George Nash (Hrsg.), Archaeological Approaches to Shamanism. Mind-Body, Nature, and Culture. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne 2017. ISBN 978-1-5275-0007-5. 281 Seiten mit 78 Schwarz-Weiß-Abbildungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Additional file 2 of High inter-rater reliability of Japanese bedriddenness ranks and cognitive function scores: a hospital-based prospective observational study
Creators: name: Tago, Masaki
name: Katsuki, Naoko E.
name: Yaita, Shizuka
name: Nakatani, Eiji
name: Yamashita, Shun
name: Oda, Yoshimasa
name: Shu-Ichi Yamashita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: S2, Appendix. Characteristics of the Yuai-kai Foundation and Oda Hospital.
Learning phase transitions in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys
Creators: name: Koritsky, N. A.
name: Solov'yov, S. V.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
name: Zvezdin, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on the identification of phase transitions in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys using machine learning. The approach for finding phase transitions in the system is based on the `learning by confusion' scheme, which allows one to characterize phase transitions using a universal $W$-shape. By applying the `learning by confusion' scheme, we obtain 2D $W$-a shaped surface that characterizes a triple phase transition point of the GdFeCo alloy. We demonstrate that our results are in the perfect agreement with the procedure of the numerical minimization of the thermodynamical potential, yet our machine-learning-based scheme has the potential to provide a speedup in the task of the phase transition identification.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; Published in IEEE Xplore
Alexandra Livarda / Richard Madgwick / Santiago Riera Mora (Hrsg.), The Bioarchaeology of Ritual and Religion
Creators: name: Pollock, Susan
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Alexandra Livarda / Richard Madgwick / Santiago Riera Mora (Hrsg.), The Bioarchaeology of Ritual and Religion. Oxbow Books, Oxford 2018. ISBN 978-1-78570-828-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dpkx. xi + 199 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 98 2020(2021)
Crop Yield Skewness under the Law of Minimum Technology
Creators: name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: beta-normal distribution
subject: crop insurance
subject: extreme value theory
subject: Liebig technology
subject: limiting factors
subject: order statistics
subject: reliability
subject: weakest link

description: A large empirical literature exists seeking to identify crop yield distributions. Consensus has not yet formed. This is in part because of data aggregation problems but also in part because no satisfactory motivation has been forwarded in favor of any distribution, including the normal. This article explores the foundations of crop yield distributions for the Law of the Minimum, or weakest-link, resource constraint technology. It is shown that heterogeneity in resource availabilities can increase expected yield. The role of stochastic dependence is studied for the technology. With independent, identical, uniform resource availability distributions the yield skew is positive, whereas it is negative whenever the distributions are normal. Simulations show how asymmetries in resource availabilities determine skewness. Extreme value theory is used to suggest a negative yield skew whenever production is in a tightly controlled environment so that the left tails of resource availability distributions are thin.
Local electromigration model for crystal surfaces
Creators: name: Pierre-Louis, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dynamics of crystal surfaces in the presence of electromigration. From a phase field model with a migration force which depends on the local geometry, we derive a step model with additional contributions in the kinetic boundary conditions. These contributions trigger various surface instabilities, such as step meandering, bunching and pairing on vicinal surfaces. Experiments are discussed.
Entanglement Swapping and Action at a Distance
Creators: name: Price, Huw
name: Wharton, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 2015 experiment by Hanson and Delft colleagues provided further confirmation that the quantum world violates the Bell inequalities, being the first Bell test to close two known experimental loopholes simultaneously. The experiment was also taken to provide new evidence of 'spooky action at a distance'. Here we argue for caution about the latter claim. The Delft experiment relies on entanglement swapping, and our main claim is that this geometry introduces an additional loophole in the argument from violation of the Bell inequalities to action at a distance: the apparent action at a distance may be an artifact of 'collider bias'. In the absence of retrocausality, the sensitivity of such experiments to this 'Collider Loophole' (CL) depends on the temporal relation between the entanglement swapping measurement C and the two measurements A and B between which we seek to infer a causal connection. CL looms large if the C is in the future of A and B, but not if C is in the past. The Delft experiment itself is the intermediate case, in which the separation is spacelike. We argue that this leaves it vulnerable to CL, unable to establish conclusively that it avoids it. An Appendix discusses the implications of permitting retrocausality for the issue of causal influence across entanglement swapping measurements.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures; extensive revisions; condensed variant of this version (without the Appendix) forthcoming in Foundations of Physics
[Transcription and translation of Faye texts]
Creators: name: Hill, Jane
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cup

description: Notebook containing Jane Hill's retranscription and translation of a text contained in Paul-Louis Faye's field notes on Cupeño linguistics and ethnography, held by the Bancroft library at UC Berkeley (see here: http://oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b21265809~S1)
Intra-Household Allocation and Consumption of WIC-Approved Foods: A Bayesian Approach
Creators: name: Ishdorj, Ariun
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Tobias, Justin
name: Ishdorj, Ariun
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Tobias, Justin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: nutrition
subject: WIC
subject: Bayesian econometrics
subject: treatment-response

description: WIC, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, is a widely studied public food assistance program that aims to provide foods, nutrition education and other services to at-risk, low-income children and pregnant, breastfeeding and postpartum women. From a policy perspective, it is of interest to assess the efficacy of the WIC program - how much, if at all, does the program improve the nutritional outcomes of WIC families? In this paper we address two important issues related to the WIC program that have not been extensively addressed in the past. First, although the WIC program is primarily devised with the intent of improving the nutrition of "target" children and mothers, it is possible that WIC may also change the consumption of foods by non-targeted individuals within the household. Second, although WIC eligibility status is predetermined, participation in the program is voluntary and therefore potentially endogenous. We make use of a triangular treatment-response model in which the dependent variable is the requirement-adjusted calcium intake from milk consumption and the endogenous variable is WIC participation, and estimate it using Bayesian methods. Using data from the CSFII 1994-1996, we find that the correlation between the errors of our two equations is strong and positive, suggesting that families participating in WIC have an unobserved propensity for high calcium consumption. The direct "structural" WIC parameters, however, do not support the idea that WIC participation leads to increased levels of calcium consumption from milk.