cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Minimization of Biases in Galaxy Peculiar Velocity Catalogs
Creators: name: Sorce, Jenny G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy distances and derived radial peculiar velocity catalogs constitute valuable datasets to study the dynamics of the Local Universe. However, such catalogs suffer from biases whose effects increase with the distance. Malmquist biases and lognormal error distribution affect the catalogs. Velocity fields of the Local Universe reconstructed with these catalogs present a spurious overall infall onto the Local Volume if they are not corrected for biases. Such an infall is observed in the reconstructed velocity field obtained when applying the BayesianWiener-Filter technique to the raw second radial peculiar velocity catalog of the Cosmicflows project. In this paper, an iterative method to reduce spurious non-Gaussianities in the radial peculiar velocity distribution, to retroactively derive overall better distance estimates resulting in a minimization of the effects of biases, is presented. This method is tested with mock catalogs. To control the cosmic variance, mocks are built out of different cosmological constrained simulations which resemble the Local Universe. To realistically reproduce the effects of biases, the mocks are constructed to be look-alikes of the second data release of the Cosmicflows project, with respect to the size, distribution of data and distribution of errors. Using a suite of mock catalogs, the outcome of the correction is verified to be affected neither by the added error realization, nor by the datapoint selection, nor by the constrained simulation. Results are similar for the different tested mocks. After correction, the general infall is satisfactorily suppressed. The method allows us to obtained catalogs which together with the Wiener-Filter technique give reconstructions approximating non biased velocity fields at 100-150 km/s (2-3 Mpc/h in terms of linear displacement), the linear theory threshold.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Space-Time Models based on Random Fields with Local Interactions
Creators: name: Hristopulos, Dionissios T.
name: Tsantili, Ivi C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60, 62, 82, 86

description: The analysis of space-time data from complex, real-life phenomena requires the use of flexible and physically motivated covariance functions. In most cases, it is not possible to explicitly solve the equations of motion for the fields or the respective covariance functions. In the statistical literature, covariance functions are often based on mathematical constructions. We propose deriving space-time covariance functions by solving "effective equations of motion", which can be used as statistical representations of systems with diffusive behavior. In particular, we propose using the linear response theory to formulate space-time covariance functions based on an equilibrium effective Hamiltonian. The effective space-time dynamics are then generated by a stochastic perturbation around the equilibrium point of the classical field Hamiltonian leading to an associated Langevin equation. We employ a Hamiltonian which extends the classical Gaussian field theory by including a curvature term and leads to a diffusive Langevin equation. Finally, we derive new forms of space-time covariance functions.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, reprint of an article submitted for consideration in International Journal of Modern Physics B \copyright 2015, copyright World Scientific Publishing Company, http:/www.worldscientific.com/worldscinet/ijmpb
A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Health Informatics
Creators: name: ABDI YUSUF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011

description: Background: HIV/AIDS is a lifelong disease and the treatment and follow-up of PLWHA over

time requires daily administration of antiretroviral drugs as well as monitoring of clinical

progression and lab results to prevent multi-drug resistance. Mobile phone technology has a

potential to address many health challenges facing resource-poor countries including the

barriers HIV patients encounter when accessing ART. The magnitude of mobile phone

utilization and factors affecting utilization of mobile phone among patients attending ART

clinic for health-care services particularly in management of HIV/AIDS patient clinical

attendance, follow up and adherence is not well assessed in Ethiopia and Addis Ababa.

Objective of the study: The overall objective of this study was to assess utilization of mobile

phone and factors affecting utilization of mobile phone for HIV patients’ clinical attendance

and follow up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa
Assembly-based inference of B-cell receptor repertoires from short read RNA sequencing data with V'DJer
Creators: name: Perou, C.M.
name: Mose, L.E.
name: Selitsky, S.R.
name: Parker, J.S.
name: Vincent, B.G.
name: Serody, J.S.
name: Iglesia, M.D.
name: Bixby, L.M.
name: Marron, D.L.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2016

description: Motivation: B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire profiling is an important tool for understanding the biology of diverse immunologic processes. Current methods for analyzing adaptive immune receptor repertoires depend upon PCR amplification of VDJ rearrangements followed by long read amplicon sequencing spanning the VDJ junctions. While this approach has proven to be effective, it is frequently not feasible due to cost or limited sample material. Additionally, there are many existing datasets where short-read RNA sequencing data are available but PCR amplified BCR data are not. Results: We present here V'DJer, an assembly-based method that reconstructs adaptive immune receptor repertoires from short-read RNA sequencing data. This method captures expressed BCR loci from a standard RNA-seq assay. We applied this method to 473 Melanoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and demonstrate V'DJer's ability to accurately reconstruct BCR repertoires from short read mRNA-seq data.
Expecting the Unexpected: Understanding Mismatched Privacy Expectations Online
Creators: name: Ashwini  Rao
name: Schaub, Florian
name: Sadeh-Koniecpol, Norman
name: Acquisti, Alessandro
name: Ruogu Kang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Online privacy policies are the primary mechanism for informing users about data practices of online services. In practice, users ignore privacy policies as policies are long and complex to read. Since users do not read privacy policies, their expectations regarding data practices of online services may not match a service's actual data practices. Mismatches may result in users exposing themselves to unanticipated privacy risks such as unknowingly sharing personal information with online services. One approach for mitigating privacy risks is to provide simplified privacy notices, in addition to privacy policies, that highlight unexpected data practices. However, identifying mismatches between user expectations and services' practices is challenging. We propose and validate a practical approach for studying Web users' privacy expectations and identifying mismatches with practices stated in privacy policies. We conducted a user study with 240 participants and 16 websites, and identified mismatches in collection, sharing and deletion data practices. We discuss the implications of our results for the design of usable privacy notices, service providers, as well as public policy.
PERIODIC AND QUASI-PERIODIC ORBITS IN NEARLY INTEGRABLE HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS
Creators: name: DANESI, VERONICA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2021

description: The study of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems is a long standing and challenging problem, that dates back to Poincar�. Quoting Poincar�, they represent "the only opening through which we can try to enter a place which, up to now, was deemed inaccessible". The aim of this thesis is to find effective and constructive algorithms for constructing both periodic and quasi-periodic solutions via a modification of the normal form methods related to Kolmogorov's theorem. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part concerns the classical problem of the continuation of periodic orbits surviving to the breaking of invariant maximal or lower dimensional completely resonant tori in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems: we here propose a new scheme which allows to deal with the problem of degeneracy at any order of perturbation. The second part regards the development of a variation of the Kolmogorov's normalization algorithm, by avoiding the so-called translation step at the price of fixing only the final frequency, while the initial one can only be determined a posteriori.
On Slater's condition and finite convergence of the Douglas-Rachford algorithm
Creators: name: Bauschke, Heinz H.
name: Dao, Minh N.
name: Noll, Dominikus
name: Phan, Hung M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47H09, 90C25, Secondary 47H05, 49M27, 65F10, 65K05, 65K10

description: The Douglas-Rachford algorithm is a classical and very successful method for solving optimization and feasibility problems. In this paper, we provide novel conditions sufficient for finite convergence in the context of convex feasibility problems. Our analysis builds upon, and considerably extends, pioneering work by Spingarn. Specifically, we obtain finite convergence in the presence of Slater's condition in the affine-polyhedral and in a hyperplanar-epigraphical case. Various examples illustrate our results. Numerical experiments demonstrate the competitiveness of the Douglas-Rachford algorithm for solving linear equations with a positivity constraint when compared to the method of alternating projections and the method of reflection-projection.
The backtracking survey propagation algorithm for solving random K-SAT problems
Creators: name: Marino, Raffaele
name: Parisi, Giorgio
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discrete combinatorial optimization has a central role in many scientific disciplines, however, for hard problems we lack linear time algorithms that would allow us to solve very large instances. Moreover, it is still unclear what are the key features that make a discrete combinatorial optimization problem hard to solve. Here we study random K-satisfiability problems with $K=3,4$, which are known to be very hard close to the SAT-UNSAT threshold, where problems stop having solutions. We show that the backtracking survey propagation algorithm, in a time practically linear in the problem size, is able to find solutions very close to the threshold, in a region unreachable by any other algorithm. All solutions found have no frozen variables, thus supporting the conjecture that only unfrozen solutions can be found in linear time, and that a problem becomes impossible to solve in linear time when all solutions contain frozen variables.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. v2: data largely improved and manuscript rewritten
Drug Price Policy in Vietnam: Letting the market set prices is not as easy as it seems
Creators: name: Sarah Bales,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2011
Subjects: Vietnam
drug price policy
pharmaceutical
economic reform
free market
price control

description: In the Vietnamese pharmaceutical sector, from a situation of severe shortage and consequent widespread pharmaceutical smuggling, counterfeiting, speculation, and theft by health providers, stability was gradually regained by strict regulations on quality, but allowing prices to be set by the market under the economic reform policy initiated in 1986. However, this free market drug price policy was brought into question in 2003, when a 9% rise in drug prices during the first quarter sparked national attention. The Ministry of Health was pushed to more tightly control drug prices under pressure from the Government and public opinion. Drug price policies went through a series of revisions trying to balance the distortions from interfering with the market with the need to ensure that drug prices were affordable to the population and the health insurance fund. But the heavy burden of drug spending in the health system, both from high drug prices and over-prescription of more expensive brand-name drugs kept drug prices high on the public agenda.
NUTRITIONAL FINDINGS IN NA�VE CHILDREN AFFECTED BY SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2
Creators: name: DE AMICIS, RAMONA SILVANA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Spinal muscular atrophies (SMA) include a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord with progressive muscle atrophy, weakness, and paralysis. Patients are affected by the highest burden of co-morbidities that deteriorate nutritional status. Respiratory and gastrointestinal problems increase the risk of underweight, whereas the decrement in physical activity can lead to overweight and obesity. Alterations of fatty acid metabolism and hyperglycaemia have been reported. These nutritional and metabolic abnormalities have been poorly investigated by means of systematic approaches so far, but in the last decade, these have become even more important thanks to the increasing evidence of improvements in survival and quality of life and the availability of the first approved treatment and other therapeutic options at an advanced phase. Aims of this study were to investigate growth patterns, body composition, energy expenditure and dietary intake in a large sample of Italian infants and children with SMA1 and SMA2. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the accuracy of field methods on a reference one to assess body fat mass in SMA patients; to develop predictive energy formula; to investigate glucose and lipid metabolism; to evaluate feeding and dietary habits, and to investigate association of body composition with motor function. An observational study was conducted in order to investigate nutritional and metabolic status in a large sample of Italian SMA1 and SMA2 children applying gold standard methods for body composition, energy expenditure, dietary intake, glucose, and lipid metabolism. This study provided a map of na�ve SMA1 and SMA2 children in terms of growth pattern, body composition and resting energy expenditure. Anthropometry has proven to be a useful tool for nutritional assessment in SMA and the state of ventilation, besides demographic and anthropometric characteristics, determines the energy needs of SMA patients. Defects in glycaemic and fatty acid metabolism can lead to additional comorbidities, further emphasizing the importance of nutritional management, especially if several dietary deficiencies must be corrected after established checks by the specialist. These data on natural history provide a consistent reference by better understanding the natural progression of SMA and laying the foundations for the development of national, and therefore international, references to the nutritional management of this disease, even more necessary in the new therapeutic era of SMA.
Calculations of Inflaton Decays and Reheating: with Applications to No-Scale Inflation Models
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Garcia, Marcos A. G.
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
name: Olive, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss inflaton decays and reheating in no-scale Starobinsky-like models of inflation, calculating the effective equation-of-state parameter, $w$, during the epoch of inflaton decay, the reheating temperature, $T_{\rm reh}$, and the number of inflationary e-folds, $N_*$, comparing analytical approximations with numerical calculations. We then illustrate these results with applications to models based on no-scale supergravity and motivated by generic string compactifications, including scenarios where the inflaton is identified as an untwisted-sector matter field with direct Yukawa couplings to MSSM fields, and where the inflaton decays via gravitational-strength interactions. Finally, we use our results to discuss the constraints on these models imposed by present measurements of the scalar spectral index $n_s$ and the tensor-to-scalar perturbation ratio $r$, converting them into constraints on $N_*$, the inflaton decay rate and other parameters of specific no-scale inflationary models.
description: 33 pages, 14 figures
title: Sustainable Furniture For Small Dwellings in Mexico
Creators: name: Mejia Guerra, Ana Luz
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Culture
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85034755
subject: Sustainable design
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2007001468
subject: Furniture design
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85052563
subject: Small houses
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85123594
subject: Family life
valueUri: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300435378

description: This thesis project addresses a furniture design problem related to limited space in small housing units in Mexico. The study analyzes the sociocultural furniture needs for the living spaces of Mexicans with small dwellings and offers a sustainable design solution in the furniture sector. The main hypothesis for this project is this: The use of the dining room for family gatherings is essential to sustaining Mexican culture, and the functionality of the dining room for this purpose is threatened by new housing that provides a very small area for these activities. This research included surveys and interviews of Mexicans living in small homes. A careful analysis was conducted of the various activities normally performed in their dining rooms. Throughout the process, the hypothesis was validated by a number of findings. These results indicate that (a) the number of furniture users varies on average from four people on weekdays to eight people on weekends; (b) most inhabitants have a strong preference for long-lasting furniture that reflects the cultural values of urban Mexican cities; and (c) there might be a design solution that supports and sustains Mexican culture. There is a lack of available furniture in the Mexican market that meets these needs while fitting into small dwellings. The seating system presented here is a design solution to the problem of flexibility in using the dining room in small Mexican homes. The seating system addresses both environmental and cultural sustainability. This new design also embraces the Mexican preference for long-lasting furniture that can be handed down to future generations.
Progress in understanding short-range structure in nuclei: an experimental perspective
Creators: name: Arrington, John
name: Fomin, Nadia
name: Schmidt, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy electron scattering is a clean and precise probe for measurements of hadronic and nuclear structure, with a key role in understanding the role of high-momentum nucleons (and quarks) in nuclei. Jefferson Lab has dramatically expanded our understanding of the high-momentum nucleons generated by short-range correlations, providing sufficient insight to model much of their impact on nuclear structure in neutron stars, and in low- to medium-energy scattering observables including neutrino oscillation measurements. These short-range correlations also appear to be related to the modification of the quark distributions in nuclei, and efforts to improve our understanding of the internal structure of these short-distance and high-momentum configurations in nuclei will provide important input on a wide range of high-energy observables.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures, invited contribution to Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science
Adaptation of Environmental Pollution & Public Health for Water and Emerging Contaminants (Project EDDIE)
Creators: name: Kagawa-Viviani, Aurora
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: Environmental health is a field of study within public health that is concerned with human-environment interactions, and specifically, how the environment influences public well-being. In this module, students explore how environmental pollution impacts public health through comparing cancer rates of areas with known environmental pollutants to the national average through a t-test. This adaptation of the Environmental Pollution and Public Health Project EDDIE module emphasizes water quality (vs air quality) with a focus on PFAS in the instructor slides. It is, however, missing the last element of the usual Project EDDIE A-B-C structure that would guide students through comparison of pollutant concentration between areas with known sources to control sites without such sources, due to the lack of publicly-accessible data on PFAS health impacts. While researchers work to understand PFAS, rebuilding a C module for other regulated drinking water contaminants is highly recommended for future applications of this module.
Existence of $\mathcal{H}$-matrix approximants to the inverse of BEM matrices: the hyper-singular integral operator
Creators: name: Faustmann, Markus
name: Melenk, Jens Markus
name: Praetorius, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider discretizations of the hyper-singular integral operator on closed surfaces and show that the inverses of the corresponding system matrices can be approximated by blockwise low-rank matrices at an exponential rate in the block rank. We cover in particular the data-sparse format of $\mathcal{H}$-matrices. We show the approximability result for two types of discretizations. The first one is a saddle point formulation, which incorporates the constraint of vanishing mean of the solution. The second discretization is based on a stabilized hyper-singular operator, which leads to symmetric positive definite matrices. In this latter setting, we also show that the hierarchical Cholesky factorization can be approximated at an exponential rate in the block rank.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1311.5028
On modular transformations of non-degenerate toric conformal blocks
Creators: name: Nemkov, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive and solve the difference equations on the toric modular kernel following from the consistency relations in the fusion algebra. The result is explicit and simple series expansion for the toric modular kernel of non-degenerate Virasoro conformal blocks. We show that this expansion is equivalent to the celebrated integral representation due to B. Ponsot and J. Teschner. We also interpret obtained series representation as a non-perturbative expansion and note that this raises further questions.
description: 19+7 pages; v2: minor revision
Modulators of prostate cancer cell proliferation and viability identified by short-hairpin RNA library screening
Creators: name: Dahlman, K.B.
name: Parker, J.S.
name: Chang, K.
name: Chapinski, C.
name: Carver, B.
name: Shamu, T.
name: Hannon, G.J.
name: Hieronymus, H.
name: Sawyers, C.L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2012

description: There is significant need to identify novel prostate cancer drug targets because current hormone therapies eventually fail, leading to a drug-resistant and fatal disease termed castration-resistant prostate cancer. To functionally identify genes that, when silenced, decrease prostate cancer cell proliferation or induce cell death in combination with antiandrogens, we employed an RNA interference-based short hairpin RNA barcode screen in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. We identified and validated four candidate genes (AKT1, PSMC1, STRADA, and TTK) that impaired growth when silenced in androgen receptor positive prostate cancer cells and enhanced the antiproliferative effects of antiandrogens. Inhibition of AKT with a pharmacologic inhibitor also induced apoptosis when combined with antiandrogens, consistent with recent evidence for PI3K and AR pathway crosstalk in prostate cancer cells. Recovery of hairpins targeting a known prostate cancer pathway validates the utility of shRNA library screening in prostate cancer as a broad strategy to identify new candidate drug targets.
Electron paths and double-slit interference in the scanning gate microscopy
Creators: name: Kolasiński, K.
name: Szafran, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze electron paths in a solid-state double-slit interferometer based on the two-dimensional electron gas and their mapping by the scanning gate microscopy (SGM). A device with a quantum point source contact of a split exit and a drain contact used for electron detection is considered. We study the SGM maps of source-drain conductance ($G$) as functions of the probe position and find that for a narrow drain the classical electron paths are clearly resolved but without any trace of the double-slit interference. The latter is present in the SGM maps of backscattering ($R$) probability only. The double-slit interference is found in the $G$ maps for a wider drain contact but at the expense of the loss of information on the electron trajectories. Stability of $G$ and $R$ maps versus the geometry parameters of the scattering device is also discussed. We discuss the interplay of the Young interference and interference effects between various electron paths introduced by the tip and the electron detector.
The exterior algebra and central notions in mathematics
Creators: name: Fløystad, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16-02

description: This note surveys how the exterior algebra and deformations or quotients of it, gives rise to centrally important notions in five domains of mathematics: Combinatorics, Topology, Lie theory, Mathematical physics, and Algebraic geometry.
description: 16 pages
Understanding the Environmental Footprint of a Swiss University – Mobility, Energy, and Material Consumption before and during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Creators: name: Somerville, Livia
name: Stucki, Matthias
name: Keller, Regula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Purpose 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Environmental Footprint of a University of Applied Sciences in 2019 and 2020, including the effects of the lockdown periods. The study identified the main sources of emissions and assesses the pandemic-related effects.

Design/methodology/approach 

Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, this study analysed the university's direct and indirect emissions during a regular year of operation (2019) and compared them with those generated during the lockdown periods in 2020. For the activity areas mobility, energy, waste, IT & paper, gastronomy, and water, specific, primary bottom-up inventory data was gathered before and during the pandemic. The data was assessed with 15 environmental impact assessment methods of the Environmental Footprint framework.

Findings 

The results of a regular year of operation (2019) depicted that student and employee commuting, and business travel contributed with 86% largely to the total global warming potential of 2’572 t CO2-eq. The pandemic-induced changes in commuting and business travel resulted in a 60% reduction leading to a drop to 1’075 t CO2-eq (2020). In contrast, the Environmental Footprint due to energy consumption remained almost on the same level, irrespective of the absences on-site in 2020.   

Originality/value 

This study has the potential to shape post-pandemic environmental efforts and policies in Higher Education Institutions and contribute to a much-needed baseline against which mitigation efforts can be compared to. Unlike other studies, this study goes beyond the carbon footprint expanding the discussion to additional environmental and human health impact categories by applying the Environmental Footprint framework.
Lessons in Regional Economic Cooperation: The Case of the Greater Mekong Subregion
Creators: name: Teresita Cruz-Del Rosario,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2010
Subjects: Myanmar
Mekong
regional economic cooperation
Thailand
Cambodia
Vietnam
Laos
China

description: This case study is about regional economic cooperation in the formation and development of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) which was initiated in 1992. Since then, there has been remarkable economic growth enjoyed by its member countries, namely, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). While providing useful lessons in regional economic cooperation within a politically difficult environment for mutual benefit, the case also highlights the remaining challenges to regional cooperation in the area of poverty reduction. The economic performance of the partner countries remains uneven and Laos and Cambodia lag behind China and Vietnam. Also, there are continuing problems with Myanmar’s participation in the regional program, based mostly on internal factors over which the other countries have little control.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor, AMG-479, in cetuximab-refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Aulino, J.
name: Murphy, B.
name: Burkey, B.B.
name: Pohlmann, P.R.
name: Puzanov, I.
name: Chung, C.H.
name: Palka, K.
name: Rothenberg, M.L.
name: Parker, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Background Recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a difficult cancer to treat. Here, we describe a patient with HNSCC who had complete response to methotrexate (MTX) after progressing on multiple cytotoxic agents, cetuximab, and AMG-479 (monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor [IGF-1R]). Methods The clinical information was collected by a retrospective medical record review under an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol. From 4 tumors and 2 normal mucosal epithelia, global gene expression, and IGF-1R and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein levels were determined. Results Effective target inhibition in the tumor was confirmed by the decreased protein levels of total and phospho-IGF-1R after treatment with AMG-479. Decreased level of DHFR and conversion of a gene expression profile associated with cetuximab-resistance to cetuximab-sensitivity were also observed. Conclusion This suggests that the combination of AMG-479 and MTX or cetuximab may be a promising therapeutic approach in refractory HNSCC.
Deep sequencing of gastric carcinoma reveals somatic mutations relevant to personalized medicine
Creators: name: Hughes, A.M.
name: Lebowitz, P.F.
name: Weigman, V.J.
name: Gallagher, K.T.
name: Holbrook, J.D.
name: Parker, J.S.
name: Kumar, R.
name: Halsey, W.S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Background: Globally, gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death, with the majority of the health burden borne by economically less-developed countries.Methods: Here, we report a genetic characterization of 50 gastric adenocarcinoma samples, using affymetrix SNP arrays and Illumina mRNA expression arrays as well as Illumina sequencing of the coding regions of 384 genes belonging to various pathways known to be altered in other cancers.Results: Genetic alterations were observed in the WNT, Hedgehog, cell cycle, DNA damage and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition pathways.Conclusions: The data suggests targeted therapies approved or in clinical development for gastric carcinoma would be of benefit to ~22% of the patients studied. In addition, the novel mutations detected here, are likely to influence clinical response and suggest new targets for drug discovery.
Slow-light plasmonic metamaterial based on dressed-state analog of electromagnetically-induced transparency
Creators: name: Raza, Søren
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple configuration for realizing one-dimensional slow-light metamaterials with large bandwidth-delay products using stub-shaped Fabry-Perot resonators as building blocks. Each metaatom gives rise to large group indices due to a classical analog of the dressed-state picture of electromagnetically-induced transparency. By connecting up to eight metaatoms, we find bandwidth-delay products over unity and group indices approaching 100. Our approach is quite general and can be applied to any type of Fabry-Perot resonators and tuned to different operating wavelengths.
The Dirty Business of Sand: Sand Dredging in Cambodia
Creators: name: Fazlin Abdullah,
name: Goh Ann Tat,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2011
Subjects: Cambodia
sand dredging
environment
natural resources
exportation
international media

description: Global Witness, an international NGO, released its “Shifting Sand” report on sand-dredging in Cambodia in May 2010. The report highlighted the damage sand-dredging was causing to the livelihoods of local fishermen as well as the environment in the Koh Kong Province and alleged corrupt practices in the granting of licences. The sand was being exported to Singapore. Cambodia needed to sell its natural resources in order to develop and had attempted measures to protect its natural resources, however, the report showed that these efforts had not been very effective. The relationship between the Cambodian government and Global Witness had become strained due to earlier confrontations and the Cambodian government rejected the claims made in the latest report. The report, though, had generated interest among the international media and the team at Global Witness needed to define a strategy that would be most effective in stopping the sand dredging given the socio-political climate and the various resources it could mobilize from the government, public, media and development aid agencies.
Density and Urban Resilience, Cross-Section Analysis in an Iranian Metropolis Context
Creators: name: Dehghani, Alireza
name: Alidadi, Mehdi
name: Soltani, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 330411
subject: Urban design
classificationCode: 440612
subject: Urban geography
classificationCode: 330499
subject: Urban and regional planning not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 330410
subject: Urban analysis and development

description: While there is a large body of research on sustainable development and urban resilience, the interaction between urban densification and urban resilience remains understudied. This study aims to investigate several facets of urban resilience and densification before analyzing their mutual relationship. Focusing on ecological, social, economic, and physical elements of urban resilience on the one hand and population density, residential density, built-up area ratio (BAR), and parcel density on the other, a combination of spatial and quantitative methodologies is applied. Our empirical investigation revealed that the spatial distribution of all resilience indicators is varied. In other words, the cumulative form of urban resilience indicators has a different significance than the individual version. Similarly, different types of density have varying orientations and degrees of connection with measures of resilience that should be evaluated in empirical investigations. In addition, our research revealed that density has a stronger relationship with social and physical resilience than with ecological and economic resilience. The findings drawn from this research have the potential to inform the design of secure, resilient cities across a range of spatial dimensions.
FAS and NF-κB signalling modulate dependence of lung cancers on mutant EGFR
Creators: name: Rosell, R.
name: Chang, K.
name: Hieronymus, H.
name: Bivona, T.G.
name: Dahlman, K.
name: Miller, V.A.
name: Parker, J.
name: Moonsamy, P.
name: Taron, M.
name: Hannon, G.
name: Sawyers, C.L.
name: Costa, C.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2011

description: Human lung adenocarcinomas with activating mutations in EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) often respond to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but the magnitude of tumour regression is variable and transient. This heterogeneity in treatment response could result from genetic modifiers that regulate the degree to which tumour cells are dependent on mutant EGFR. Through a pooled RNA interference screen, we show that knockdown of FAS and several components of the NF-κB pathway specifically enhanced cell death induced by the EGFR TKI erlotinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells. Activation of NF-κB through overexpression of c-FLIP or IKK (also known as CFLAR and IKBKB, respectively), or silencing of IκB (also known as NFKBIA), rescued EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells from EGFR TKI treatment. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB enhanced erlotinib-induced apoptosis in erlotinib-sensitive and erlotinib-resistant EGFR-mutant lung cancer models. Increased expression of the NF-κB inhibitor IκB predicted for improved response and survival in EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients treated with EGFR TKI. These data identify NF-κB as a potential companion drug target, together with EGFR, in EGFR-mutant lung cancers and provide insight into the mechanisms by which tumour cells escape from oncogene dependence.
The little-studied cluster Berkeley 90. I. LS III +46 11: a very massive O3.5 If* + O3.5 If* binary
Creators: name: Apellániz, J. Maíz
name: Negueruela, I.
name: Barbá, R. H.
name: Walborn, N. R.
name: Pellerin, A.
name: Simón-Díaz, S.
name: Sota, A.
name: Marco, A.
name: Alonso-Santiago, J.
name: Bermudez, J. Sanchez
name: Gamen, R. C.
name: Lorenzo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: It appears that most (if not all) massive stars are born in multiple systems. At the same time, the most massive binaries are hard to find due to their low numbers throughout the Galaxy and the implied large distances and extinctions. AIMS: We want to study: [a] LS III +46 11, identified in this paper as a very massive binary; [b] another nearby massive system, LS III +46 12; and [c] the surrounding stellar cluster, Berkeley 90. Methods: Most of the data used in this paper are multi-epoch high-S/N optical spectra though we also use Lucky Imaging and archival photometry. The spectra are reduced with devoted pipelines and processed with our own software, such as a spectroscopic-orbit code, CHORIZOS, and MGB. Results: LS III +46 11 is identified as a new very-early-O-type spectroscopic binary [O3.5 If* + O3.5 If*] and LS III +46 12 as another early O-type system [O4.5 V((f))]. We measure a 97.2-day period for LS III +46 12 and derive minimum masses of 38.80$\pm$0.83 M_Sol and 35.60$\pm$0.77 M_Sol for its two stars. We measure the extinction to both stars, estimate the distance, search for optical companions, and study the surrounding cluster. In doing so, a variable extinction is found as well as discrepant results for the distance. We discuss possible explanations and suggest that LS III +46 12 may be a hidden binary system, where the companion is currently undetected.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Cambodia’s Land Reform and Boeung Kak Lake: Institutions, Politics, and Development
Creators: name: R. Schuyler House,
name: Andrew Billo,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2010
Subjects: Cambodia
Boeung Kak
land reform
international aid organisations
property rights

description: Supported by numerous international aid organizations, Cambodia embarked on a massive land reform and property rights program in the early 2000s. The adoption of the 2001 Land Law and establishment of the World Bank Land Management and Administration Project (LMAP) in 2002, were welcome reforms and proved to be broadly successful and technically sound. Unfortunately, however, several high-profile failures, including the politically contentious development of urban lakeside property in Phnom Penh municipality at Boeung Kak, called to question the entire reform program and the greater institution-building project it represented. The problems at Boeung Kak were a direct result of conflicts between efficiency-gaining reforms and the interests of political elites – a common problem in many development contexts. Furthermore, there existed critical tradeoffs between the rights, immediate assistance to the poor and long-term economic development.
Design of a Mott Multiferroic from a Non-Magnetic Polar Metal
Creators: name: Puggioni, Danilo
name: Giovannetti, Gianluca
name: Capone, Massimo
name: Rondinelli, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the electronic properties of newly discovered "ferroelectric" metal LiOsO$_3$ combining density-functional and dynamical mean-field theories. We show that the material is close to a Mott transition and that electronic correlations can be tuned to engineer a Mott multiferroic state in 1/1 superlattice of LiOsO$_3$ and LiNbO$_3$. We use electronic structure calculations to predict that the (LiOsO$_3$)$_1$/(LiNbO$_3$)$_1$ superlattice is a type-I multiferroic material with a ferrolectric polarization of 41.2~$μ$C cm$^{-2}$, Curie temperature of 927\,K, and Néel temperature of 671\,K. Our results support a route towards high-temperature multiferroics, \emph{i.e.}, driving non-magnetic \emph{polar metals} into correlated insulating magnetic states.
On the relation between uncertainties of weighted frequency averages and the various types of Allan deviations
Creators: name: Benkler, Erik
name: Lisdat, Christian
name: Sterr, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The power spectral density in Fourier frequency domain, and the different variants of the Allan deviation (ADEV) in dependence on the averaging time are well established tools to analyse the fluctuation properties and frequency instability of an oscillatory signal. It is often supposed that the statistical uncertainty of a measured average frequency is given by the ADEV at a well considered averaging time. However, this approach requires further mathematical justification and refinement, which has already been done regarding the original ADEV for certain noise types. Here we provide the necessary background to use the modified Allan deviation (modADEV) and other two-sample deviations to determine the uncertainty of weighted frequency averages. The type of two-sample deviation used to determine the uncertainty depends on the method used for determination of the average. We find that the modADEV, which is connected with $Λ$-weighted averaging, and the two sample deviation associated to a linear phase regression weighting (parADEV) are in particular advantageous for measurements, in which white phase noise is dominating. Furthermore, we derive a procedure how to minimize the uncertainty of a measurement for a typical combination of white phase and frequency noise by adaptive averaging of the data set with different weighting functions. Finally, some aspects of the theoretical considerations for real-world frequency measurement equipment are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
D2.1 Extended version: Benchmark for integration of biodiversity in  Environmental Assessment Instruments, including  chapter on test at 200 EAs from Denmark, Germany,  Spain and Portugal
Creators: name: Larsen, Sanne Vammen
name: Kørnøv, Lone
name: Qvist Eliasen, Søren
name: Ravn Bøss, Emilia
name: Engmann Puibaraud, Ida
name: Monteiro, Margarida
name: Partidário, Maria
name: Zhu, Yuanzao
name: Horbach, Lisa
name: Talanow, Katharina
name: Soares, Ana
name: Laporta, Lia
name: Geneletti, Davide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This benchmark reported is carried out in line with the purposes of the BioValue project. The specific purpose of the benchmark is to:  A. Identify the current best practice guidance of integrating biodiversity into EAI especially related to spatial planning (the main purpose of this report). B. Compare the current best practice guidance to the current actual practice with the aim of improving the practice (comparison that will be made in Task 2.2).    C. Establish an improved best practice guidance. This report documents the first part of the benchmark exercise relating to the first part of the purpose (A). Here, a benchmark is derived from twelve guidance documents focussed on biodiversity in EAI (task 2.1). The guidance documents are reviewed based on a framework of questions that are a mix of open and closed questions allowing for both structured and more grounded analysis (see table 4). Based on this, a benchmark is developed, which consists of closed questions allowing for a structured and quantitative analysis of a large number of EIA and SEA reports (task 2.2, (B). The structured and quantitative analysis is reported in the new chapter 6 in this extended version of the deliverable. Based on this and the gap analysis of task 2.4, the benchmark will be revisited, and relevant revisions will be made based on finding in literature and practice. In the later stages in the BioValue project, this will, together with knowledge from other parts of the project be used for development of a transformed practice (C). It is relevant to mention that this last part of the purpose goes beyond the definition of benchmarking by Bhutta and Huq (1999), as the BioValue project is not only concerned with development to reach the current best practice but to push much further, towards defining a new transformed practice.