cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the gradient flow of a one-homogeneous functional
Creators: name: Briani, Ariela
name: Chambolle, Antonin
name: Novaga, Matteo
name: Orlandi, Giandomenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the gradient flow of a one-homogeneous functional, whose dual involves the derivative of a constrained scalar function. We show in this case that the gradient flow is related to a weak, generalized formulation of the Hele-Shaw flow. The equivalence follows from a variational representation, which is a variant of well-known variational representations for the Hele-Shaw problem. As a consequence we get existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to the Hele-Shaw flow. We also obtain an explicit representation for the Total Variation flow in one dimension and easily deduce basic qualitative properties, concerning in particular the "staircasing effect".
TOWARD EXCELLENCE WITH EQUITY: ROLE OF MATHEMATICS SELF-EFFICACY IN ENHANCING MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT
Creators: name: Yang, Yao
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Education assessment and evaluation

description: This dissertation researched the scope of mathematics achievement disparities in the United States and how these disparities can be minimized through a self-efficacy lens. To answer pertinent research questions with data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) 2019 mathematics assessment in Grades 4, 8, and 12, gap analyses, two-level cross-sectional multilevel modeling, and two-level structural equation modeling were conducted. The discoveries demonstrated that the excellence gaps in U.S. in mathematics achievement by race/ethnicity, gender, NSLP, ELL, and IEP persisted and widened from Grade 4 to Grade 8 yet decreased at Grade 12. Self-efficacy was a noteworthy predictor of students’ mathematics achievement, displaying large effect sizes across grades. The disparities in mathematics achievement by student subgroups lessened when students' self-efficacy was equal. Moreover, self-efficacy mediated the relationships between mastery-approach goals, performance-approach goals, interest, persistence in learning and achievement. Additional results demonstrated that the status of being racially/ethnically underrepresented students partially moderated the connections between motivational variables and mathematics achievement. School locale and the percentage of underrepresented students significantly impacted students’ achievement. This dissertation underscores the importance of self-efficacy in closing mathematics achievement gaps and improving students’ mathematics achievement.
Collective phenomena in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions: anisotropic flow and more
Creators: name: Voloshin, Sergei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many features of multiparticle production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions reflect the collision geometry and other collision characteristics determining the initial conditions. As the initial conditions affect to a different degree all the particles, it leads to truly multiparticle effects often referred to as anisotropic collective flow. Studying anisotropic flow in nuclear collisions provides unique and invaluable information about the system evolution and the physics of multiparticle production in general. Being not able to cover all aspects of anisotropic flow in one lecture, I decided in the first part of the lecture to discuss briefly a few important and established results, and in the second part, to focus, in a little more detail, on one recent development -- a recent progress in our understanding of the role of fluctuations in the initial conditions. I also discuss some future measurements that might reveal further details of the multiparticle production processes.
description: 8 pages, Presented at Int. School of Nuclear Physics: "From Quarks and Gluons to Hadrons and Nuclei", Erice-Sicily, 16 - 24 September, 2011
Large Amplitude Variations of an L/T Transition Brown Dwarf: Multi-Wavelength Observations of Patchy, High-Contrast Cloud Features
Creators: name: Radigan, Jacqueline
name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: Lafrenière, David
name: Artigau, Etienne
name: Marley, Mark
name: Saumon, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multiple-epoch photometric monitoring in the $J$, $H$, and $K_s$ bands of the T1.5 dwarf 2MASS J21392676+0220226 (2M2139), revealing persistent, periodic ($P=7.721\pm$0.005 hr) variability with a peak-to-peak amplitude as high as 26% in the $J$-band. The light curve shape varies on a timescale of days, suggesting that evolving atmospheric cloud features are responsible. Using interpolations between model atmospheres with differing cloud thicknesses to represent a heterogeneous surface, we find that the multi-wavelength variations and the near-infrared spectrum of 2M2139 can be reproduced by either (1)cool, thick cloud features sitting above a thinner cloud layer, or (2)warm regions of low condensate opacity in an otherwise cloudy atmosphere, possibly indicating the presence of holes or breaks in the cloud layer. We find that temperature contrasts between thick and thin cloud patches must be greater than 175 K and as high as 425 K. We also consider whether the observed variability could arise from an interacting binary system, but this scenario is ruled out. 2M2139 joins the T2.5 dwarf SIMP0136 discovered by Artigau and coworkers as the second L/T transition brown dwarf to display large-amplitude variability on rotational timescales, suggesting that the fragmentation of dust clouds at the L/T transition may contribute to the abrupt decline in condensate opacity and $J$-band brightening observed to occur over this regime.
description: 26 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of Population genomics reveal rapid genetic differentiation in a recently invasive population of Rattus norvegicus
Creators: name: Chen, Yi
name: Zhao, Lei
name: Teng, Huajing
name: Shi, Chengmin
name: Liu, Quansheng
name: Zhang, Jianxu
name: Zhang, Yaohua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sample information and sequencing statistics. Table S2. Cross-validation errors for different K values. Table S3. Best replicate of each of the optimized demographic models using ∂a∂i. Table S4. 42 genes in outlier regions between XJ and other native populations. Table S5. Functional enrichment of genes with allele frequency shifts throughout the genome for XJ rats.
Taking the Initiative for System Goals in Cooperative Dialogue
Creators: name: Matthews, Kevin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: We discuss the need for natural language systems to have a more flexible, conversational ability to interact with the user particularly for problem-solving dialogue. In particular, such systems need to have their own goals in addition to responding to the user's requests and the linguistic ability to manage such goals 10 the dialogue. We discuss some motivations for taking the initiative, the information necessary to do it, and present a partial solution to a subproblem. The approach is exemplified by output from our experimental dialogue ADVISOR which functions as an academic advisor to students.
Accurate a posteriori error evaluation in the reduced basis method
Creators: name: Casenave, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the reduced basis method, the evaluation of the a posteriori estimator can become very sensitive to round-off errors. In this note, the origin of the loss of accuracy is revealed, and a solution to this problem is proposed and illustrated on a simple example.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Adiabatic nonlinear waves with trapped particles: II. Wave dispersion
Creators: name: Dodin, I. Y.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general nonlinear dispersion relation is derived in a nondifferential form for an adiabatic sinusoidal Langmuir wave in collisionless plasma, allowing for an arbitrary distribution of trapped electrons. The linear dielectric function is generalized, and the nonlinear kinetic frequency shift $ω_{\rm NL}$ is found analytically as a function of the wave amplitude $a$. Smooth distributions yield $ω_{\rm NL} \propto \sqrt{a}$, as usual. However, beam-like distributions of trapped electrons result in different power laws, or even a logarithmic nonlinearity, which are derived as asymptotic limits of the same dispersion relation. Such beams are formed whenever the phase velocity changes, because the trapped distribution is in autoresonance and thus evolves differently from the passing distribution. Hence, even adiabatic $ω_{\rm NL}(a)$ is generally nonlocal.
description: submitted together with Papers I and III
A Simple Scheme for a Fault Tolerant DADO Machine
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science
Artificial intelligence

description: Binary tree multiprocessors, such as DADO, have many favorable advantages for hardware implementation. For example, binary trees are planar requiring linear area (VLSI implementations require area which is proportional to the number of processing elements) and are not pin-limited (off chip connections remain constant as device dimensions scale down and more processors are implemented on the chip). One often cited problem for binary trees, however, is that trees are not fault tolerant. In this brief note, we detail a simple method which guarantees operation of a binary tree machine after two successive faults, as well as a 50% chance of proper operation after a third successive fault. This scheme requires no extraordinary engineering changes and very simple software to support proper operation of the machine. The binary tree organization is thus maintained.
Toxicological evaluation of ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, and their metabolites by a category approach
Creators: name: Tugcu, Gulcin
name: Charehsaz, Mohammad
name: Aydın, Ahmet
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Predictive toxicology plays an integral role in determining the toxicological profiles of chemicals for safety assessment. Vitamin D is an essential vitamin for the regulation of calcium absorption and homeostasis, as well as the treatment and prevention of several diseases such as rickets and osteomalacia. According to European Medicines Agency (EMA) Guideline on setting health-based exposure limits for use in risk identification in the manufacturing of different medicinal products in shared facilities, permitted daily exposure (PDE) calculation for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be done by the medicinal product producers. PDE calculation is mainly based on critical toxicological endpoints such as repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and hypersensitivity potential. During this procedure, critical toxicological endpoints data of an API can be used to predict the PDE of another API that has a similar chemical structure. In the present paper, human toxicological endpoints of vitamin D2, D3, and their metabolites were evaluated and afterwards the data gaps in the toxicological endpoints were filled by forming a category. The read-across was justified by the structural and metabolic similarities. Molecular similarity and mechanistic relevance were found to be substantial, resulting in low uncertainty. The untested vitamin D analogs within the category can be read across with confidence to complete the data gaps related to the human health endpoints.
Embodying perfection : the figure of the sage in the thought of Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Han Feizi
Creators: name: Hamm, Matthew James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The term shengren 聖人 or “sage” represents an ethical and philosophical ideal in Early Chinese thought. Because it denotes the perfected individual the sage can be seen as embodying the core values of the philosophy in which it appears. This thesis uses the concept of the sage to analyze the most prominent negative and positive evaluations of the Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Han Feizi. As well, it uses the three different conceptions of the sage to compare the texts, highlighting common themes and debates between them. By placing these three different works within a common conceptual framework, this study provides an alternative to post-Han dynasty classifications. Chapters two, three and four will explore the value systems of Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Han Feizi respectively. Chapter five will then compare the three texts to investigate general similarities as well as the shared themes of internalism versus externalism, anthropocentrism and the sage’s role, as well as the sagely characteristics of agency, creativity and adaptability.
Solitary and periodic solutions of the generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation
Creators: name: Kudryashov, Nikolai A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation in the case of the power nonlinearity with arbitrary degree is considered. New exact solutions of this equation are presented.
Reliable Network Communications
Creators: name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Cycowicz, Yael J.
name: Hseush, Wenwey
name: Micallef, Josephine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Computer science

description: This technical report consists of three papers from the INTERCOMS project. A Network Architecture for Reliable Distributed Computing introduces the view section model, a network layer for exception handling in response to disruptions in communication channels due to failures of network links or nodes. Remote Exception Handling discusses for a network layer for exception handling among cooperating application processes. Demand-Driven Parameter Passing in Remote Procedure Call describes how remote exception handling solves the problem of passing referential data types (pointers) as parameters to remote procedures.
Models of software development environments
Creators: name: Perry, Dewayne E.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present a general model of software development environments that consists of three components: structures, mechanisms and policies. The advantage of this model is that it distinguishes intuitively those aspects of an environment that are useful in comparing and contrasting software development environments. Our initial application of the model is to characterize four classes of environments by means of a sociological metaphor based on scale: the individual, the family, the city and the state models. The utility of the IFCS taxonomy is that it delineates the important classes of interactions among software developers and exposes the ways in which current software development environments inadequately support the development of large systems. We demonstrate the generality of our model by also applying it to a previously published taxonomy that categorizes environments according to how they relate to four historical trends: language-centered, structure-oriented, toolkit and method-based environments.
Macroscopic quantum superpositon states of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Csire, Gábor
name: Apagyi, Barnabás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential. We propose a model for the creation of many-particle macroscopic quantum superposition states. The effect of dissipation on the formation of these states is also investigated with the Monte-Carlo wavefunction technique.
description: Accepted for pubilcation in PRA. 8 pages, 15 figures
Scientific validation of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon, its phytoconstituents and their biosafety by acute oral toxicity study
Creators: name: Mahajan, Himadri
name: Arora, Daljit Singh
name: Singh, Harjeet
name: Jain, Subheet K.
name: Namarta, Kalia
name: Singh, Jatinder
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The screening of aqueous extract of Clerodendrum serratum revealed its broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria, and yeast. Optimizing the extraction strategies, revealed 15% concentration of aqueous extract prepared at 40 °C by extracting for 40 min, as optimum parameters and its statistical optimization by Box–Behnken design led to 1.16–1.35 folds enhancement in activity. Organic solvent extraction further improved the activity where methanol proved to be the best organic extractant which was effective against all the 13 pathogens tested with inhibition zone ranging from 14 to 32 mm. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) study endorsed the methanolic extract to be the best organic extractant, as it showed the lowest MIC (0.5–10 mg/ml) in comparison to aqueous extract (1–10 mg/ml) as well as Partially Purified Phytoconstituents i.e., flavonoids (1–5 mg/ml), diterpenes (5–10 mg/ml) and cardiac glycosides (5–10 mg/ml). All these were found to be biosafe in both In-vitro (Ames and MTT assay) and In-vivo toxicity studies. Acute oral toxicity testing of flavonoids (2000 mg/ml) on Wistar rats did not reveal any significant change in relative organ weight, biochemical, hematological parameters and organs’ architecture in comparison to control. Antiproliferative potential of flavonoids against human cancerous cell lines i.e., HeLa, HCT-15, and U87-MG, further increase the importance of this plant as a promising candidate for drug development. The overall study justified the medicinal importance of this plant.
An Inconsistency Management System
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Harris M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Computer science

description: This technical report consists of a M.S. thesis from the CONMAN project. It describes an implementation of 'smarter recompilation' for C. Smarter recompilation is an extension of Tichy's Smart Recompilation algorithm that permits multiple versions of the same symbol within a system provided that the symbol does appear in any link-time interface, that is, the system can be automatically partitioned into a subset that uses the old version and a subset the uses the new version.
Radiative transfer on hierarchial grids
Creators: name: Lunttila, T.
name: Juvela, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new methods for radiative transfer on hierarchial grids. We develop a new method for calculating the scattered flux that employs the grid structure to speed up the computation. We describe a novel subiteration algorithm that can be used to accelerate calculations with strong dust temperature self-coupling. We compute two test models, a molecular cloud and a circumstellar disc, and compare the accuracy and speed of the new algorithms against existing methods. An adaptive model of the molecular cloud with less than 8 % of the cells in the uniform grid produced results in good agreement with the full resolution model. The relative RMS error of the surface brightness <4 % at all wavelengths, and in regions of high column density the relative RMS error was only 10^{-4}. Computation with the adaptive model was faster by a factor of ~5. The new method for calculating the scattered flux is faster by a factor of ~4 in large models with a deep hierarchy structure, when images of the scattered light are computed towards several observing directions. The efficiency of the subiteration algorithm is highly dependent on the details of the model. In the circumstellar disc test the speed-up was a factor of two, but much larger gains are possible. The algorithm is expected to be most beneficial in models where a large number of small, dense regions are embedded in an environment with a lower mean density.
description: Accepted to A&A; 13 pages, 8 figures; (v2: minor typos corrected)
Equivalent Descriptions of Generalized Cylinders
Creators: name: Roberts, Kenneth S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: The "equivalence" problem for shape descriptions is that a single three-dimensional shape may have several different descriptions. The Slant Theorem (Shafer) for equivalent generalized cylinder descriptions was proven under the restrictions that the same radius function and the same axis be used for all the descriptions. A proof is given that the theorem still holds when the "same radius function" condition is removed. It does not hold when the "same axis" condition is removed. The ellipsoid is a. counter-example.
Pseudofinite and pseudocompact metric structures
Creators: name: Goldbring, Isaac
name: Lopes, Vinicius Cifu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We initiate the study of pseudofiniteness in continuous logic. We introduce a related concept, namely that of pseudocompactness, and investigate the relationship between the two concepts. We establish some basic properties of pseudofiniteness and pseudocompactness and provide many examples. We also investigate the injective-surjective phenomenon for definable endofunctions in pseudofinite structures.
description: Second version. Some typos fixed. Easier proofs in Section 5
The Competitive Analysis of Risk Taking with Application to Online Trading
Creators: name: Al-Binali, Sabah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Computer science

description: Competitive analysis is concerned with minimizing a relative measure of performance. When applied to financial trading strategies, competitive analysis leads to the development of strategies with minimum relative performance risk. This approach is too inflexible. Many investors are interested in managing their risk:they may be willing to increase their risk for some form of reward. They may also have some forecast of the future. In this paper,we extend competitive analysis to provide a framework in which investors can develop optimal trading strategies based on their risk tolerance and forecast. We first define notions of risk and reward that are smooth extensions of classical competitive analysis. We then illustrate our ideas using the ski-rental problem, and analyze a financial game using the risk-reward framework.
Quantifying the dynamics of coupled networks of switches and oscillators
Creators: name: Francis, Matthew R.
name: Fertig, Elana J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Complex network dynamics have been analyzed with models of systems of coupled switches or systems of coupled oscillators. However, many complex systems are composed of components with diverse dynamics whose interactions drive the system's evolution. We, therefore, introduce a new modeling framework that describes the dynamics of networks composed of both oscillators and switches. Both oscillator synchronization and switch stability are preserved in these heterogeneous, coupled networks. Furthermore, this model recapitulates the qualitative dynamics for the yeast cell cycle consistent with the hypothesized dynamics resulting from decomposition of the regulatory network into dynamic motifs. Introducing feedback into the cell-cycle network induces qualitative dynamics analogous to limitless replicative potential that is a hallmark of cancer. As a result, the proposed model of switch and oscillator coupling provides the ability to incorporate mechanisms that underlie the synchronized stimulus response ubiquitous in biochemical systems.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Evaluation of serum antibody titers, proliferative responses and cytokines after prime-boost immnization of balb/c mice with different formulations of pxn-1 and sod-b1 vaccine candidates from leishmania donovani complex parasites
Creators: name: Tegegne, Mulugeta Gelaw
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 191-208
description: some pages are in colour
description: Leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease that 1s caused by a protozoan parasite, Leishmania. With an estimated 350 million people at risk, a worldwide prevalence of 12 million and 2 million new reports each year, the world health organization (WHO) marked leishmaniasis as one of the most serious, epidemic prone infectious diseases of our time. Because of lack of effective treatment and the issue of feasibility with other control measures, vaccination remains the best hope for control of all forms of leishmaniasis. Peroxidoxins and Superoxide Dismutases are antioxidants, and are potential vaccine candidates tested in many disease systems including leishmaniasis. However, there are no reports on Pxnl and SODBl from L. donovani complex parasites that cause fatal visceral leishmaniasis, as vaccine candidates. Here in our study we demonstrated that a prime/boost strategy based on Pxnl and SODBl from L. donovani complex parasites, both in DNA/DNA and DNA/Protein strategies (for Pxnl) and DNA/Protein strategy (for SODBl ) is immunogenic and showed humoral and specific T cell, and cytokine responses suggestive of a predominant Thl, but not Th2, like response in Balb/c mice. In both strategies, albeit a varying scale of response, a Thl phenotypic response, characterized by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-y production and IgG2a antibodies, was observed with negligible IL-10 production. Future protection studies in mice and antigenic studies on human samples are required to expand the results.
An Architecture for Integrating OODBs with WWW
Creators: name: Yang, Jack Jingshuang
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science

description: The main topic of this paper is how to structure information so that the view of the web, both within and across web pages, is dynamically customizable. We present an architecture that integrates Object Oriented Databases with the World Wide Web to organize such dynamic structures. Different users, or the same user at different times, could have different views of the web. We discuss several architectural variants and and implementation issues. Our chosen architecture provides high flexibility for a wide variety of applications, ranging from managed healthcare to software development environments, and has been realized in the dkweb system.
The Self-Calibrating Hubble Diagram
Creators: name: Feindt, Ulrich
name: Kowalski, Marek
name: Paech, Kerstin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an increasing number of well measured type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) become available, the statistical uncertainty on w has been reduced to the same size as the systematic uncertainty. The statistical error will decrease further in the near future, and hence the improvement of systematic uncertainties needs to be addressed, if further progress is to be made. We study how uncertainties in the primary reference spectrum - which are a main contribution to the systematic uncertainty budget - affect the measurement of the Dark Energy equation of state parameter w from SNe Ia. The increasing number of SN observations can be used to reduce the uncertainties by including perturbations of the reference spectrum as nuisance parameters in a cosmology fit, thus "self-calibrating" the Hubble diagram. We employ this method to real SNe data for the first time and find the perturbations of the reference spectrum consistent with zero at the 1%-level. For future surveys we estimate that ~3500 SNe will be required for our method to outperform the standard method of deriving the cosmological parameters.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Update to revised version accepted for publication in JCAP
Artifact for Paper "Copy-and-Patch Compilation: A fast compilation algorithm for high-level languages and bytecode"
Creators: name: Haoran Xu
name: Kjolstad, Fredrik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This is the artifact corresponding to paper Copy-and-Patch Compilation: A fast compilation algorithm for high-level languages and bytecode to be published in OOPSLA 2021. This artifact is judged by the Artifact Evaluation Committee as functional and reusable. List of Files 'instruction.pdf' contains all instructions on how to use this artifact. 'artifact_vm_image.ova' is the Virtual Box VM image containing the artifact. 'artifact_vm_image.ova.md5sum' is the MD5 checksum for file 'artifact_vm_image.ova'. 'draft_paper.pdf' is the paper referred to by 'instruction.pdf'. It is NOT the camera-ready version of the paper: for camera-ready version, please check the OOPSLA 2021 publication website. This draft version is included only for consistency of this artifact. 'LICENSE.txt' is the license of this artifact. How to Use this Artifact Please refer to 'instruction.pdf' for all instructions on how to use this artifact.
Effective relational dynamics
Creators: name: Hoehn, Philipp A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a synopsis of an effective approach to the problem of time in the semiclassical regime. The essential features of this new approach to evaluating relational quantum dynamics in constrained systems are illustrated by means of a simple toy model.
description: 4 pages, based on a talk given at Loops '11 in Madrid, to appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)
A Risk-Reward Framework for the Competitive Analysis of Adaptive Trading Strategies
Creators: name: Al-Binali, Sabah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Computer science

description: Competitive analysis is concerned with minimizing a relative measure of performance. When applied to financial trading strategies, competitive analysis leads to the development of strategies with minimum relative performance risk. This approach is too inflexible. Many investors are interested in managing their risk:they may be willing to increase their risk for some form of reward. They may also have some forecast of the future. We propose to extend competitive analysis to provide a framework in which investors may develop trading strategies based on their risk tolerance and forecast. We introduce a new, nonstochastic, measure of the risk of an online algorithm, and a reward metric that is in the spirit of competitive analysis. We then show how investors can select a strategy that maximizes their reward should their forecast be correct, whilst still respecting their risk tolerance.
The Birth of a Galaxy. II. The Role of Radiation Pressure
Creators: name: Wise, John H.
name: Abel, Tom
name: Turk, Matthew J.
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Smith, Britton D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars provide feedback that shapes the interstellar medium of galaxies at all redshifts and their resulting stellar populations. Here we present three adaptive mesh refinement radiation hydrodynamics simulations that illustrate the impact of momentum transfer from ionising radiation to the absorbing gas on star formation in high-redshift dwarf galaxies. Momentum transfer is calculated by solving the radiative transfer equation with a ray tracing algorithm that is adaptive in spatial and angular coordinates. We find that momentum input partially affects star formation by increasing the turbulent support to a three-dimensional rms velocity equal to the circular velocity of early haloes. Compared to a calculation that neglects radiation pressure, the star formation rate is decreased by a factor of five to 1.8 x 10^{-2} Msun/yr in a dwarf galaxy with a dark matter and stellar mass of 2.0 x 10^8 and 4.5 x 10^5 solar masses, respectively, when radiation pressure is included. Its mean metallicity of 10^{-2.1} Z_sun is consistent with the observed dwarf galaxy luminosity-metallicity relation. However, what one may naively expect from the calculation without radiation pressure, the central region of the galaxy overcools and produces a compact, metal-rich stellar population with an average metallicity of 0.3 Z_sun, indicative of an incorrect physical recipe. In addition to photo-heating in HII regions, radiation pressure further drives dense gas from star forming regions, so supernovae feedback occurs in a warmer and more diffuse medium, launching metal-rich outflows. Capturing this aspect and a temporal separation between the start of radiative and supernova feedback are numerically important in the modeling of galaxies to avoid the "overcooling problem". We estimate that dust in early low-mass galaxies is unlikely to aid in momentum transfer from radiation to the gas.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, replaced with accepted version, MNRAS. Minor changes with the conclusions unaffected
Allocation and Manipulation of Records in the NON-VON Supercomputer
Creators: name: Shaw, David Elliot
name: Hillyer, Bruce K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Computer science

description: NON-VON is a highly parallel supercomputer, portions of which are now under construction at Columbia University. A full-scale NON-VON prototype might comprise as many as a million tiny processing elements, each associated with a small random access memory. Among the principal goals of the NON-VON Project is the development of programming languages and compilers that realize the machine's potential for massive parallelism while insulating the user from the details of its tree-structured physical topology. One conceptual metaphor that has proven useful in pursuing this goal is the notion of an intelligent record, a primitive data element of arbitrary size that functions as if it were associated with its own dedicated computer. This paper describes the essential mechanisms used to support intelligent records within a high-level parallel programming language environment. We then illustrate the use of these techniques in a few simple applications and explore certain time/space tradeoffs that characterize alternative record allocation schemes.
Adiabatic nonlinear waves with trapped particles: III. Wave dynamics
Creators: name: Dodin, I. Y.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of adiabatic waves with autoresonant trapped particles is described within the Lagrangian model developed in Paper I, under the assumption that the action distribution of these particles is conserved, and, in particular, that their number within each wavelength is a fixed independent parameter of the problem. One-dimensional nonlinear Langmuir waves with deeply trapped electrons are addressed as a paradigmatic example. For a stationary wave, tunneling into overcritical plasma is explained from the standpoint of the action conservation theorem. For a nonstationary wave, qualitatively different regimes are realized depending on the initial parameter $S$, which is the ratio of the energy flux carried by trapped particles to that carried by passing particles. At $S < 1/2$, a wave is stable and exhibits group velocity splitting. At $S > 1/2$, the trapped-particle modulational instability (TPMI) develops, in contrast with the existing theories of the TPMI yet in agreement with the general sideband instability theory. Remarkably, these effects are not captured by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is traditionally considered as a universal model of wave self-action but misses the trapped-particle oscillation-center inertia.
description: submitted together with Papers I and II
Theory of the ac spin-valve effect
Creators: name: Kochan, Denis
name: Gmitra, Martin
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-valve complex magnetoimpedance of symmetric ferromagnet/normal metal/ferromagnet junctions is investigated within the drift-diffusion (standard) model of spin injection. The ac magnetoresistance---the real part difference of the impedances of the parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations---exhibits an overall damped oscillatory behavior, as an interplay of the diffusion and spin relaxation times. In wide junctions the ac magnetoresistance oscillates between positive and negative values, reflecting resonant amplification and depletion of the spin accumulation, while the line shape for thin tunnel junctions is predicted to be purely Lorentzian. The ac spin-valve effect could be a technique to extract spin transport and spin relaxation parameters in the absence of a magnetic field and for a fixed sample size.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Perturbative QCD for B_s \to a_1(1260)(b_1(1235))P(V) Decays
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhi-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of perturbative QCD approach, we study the charmless two-body decays $B_s \to a_1(1260)(b_1(1235))P(V)$ ($P, V$ represent the light pseudo-scalar and vector mesons, respectively.). Using the decays constants and the light-cone distribution amplitudes for these mesons derived from the QCD sum rule method, we find the following results: (a) The decays $\bar B^0_s\to a^{-}_1K^{+}(K^{*+})$ have the contributions from the factorization emission diagrams with a large Wilson coefficient $C_2+C_1/3$ (order of 1), so they have the largest branching ratios and arrive at $10^{-5}$ order. While for the decays $\bar B^0_s\to a^{0}_1 K^{0}(K^{*0})$, the Wilson coefficient is $C_1+C_2/3$ in tree level and color suppressed, so their branching ratios are small and fall in the order of $10^{-7}\sim10^{-8}$. For the decays $\bar B^0_s\to b_1K(K^*)$, all of their branching ratios are of order few times $10^{-6}$. (b) For the pure annihilation type decays $\bar B^0_s\to a_1(b_1)ρ$ except the decays $\bar B^0_s\to a_1π$ having large branching ratios of order few times $10^{-6}$, the most other decays have the branching ratios of $10^{-7}$ order. The branching ratios of the decays $\bar B^0_s\to a^0_1(b^0_1)ω$ are the smallest and fall in the order of $10^{-8}\sim10^{-9}$. (c)The branching ratios and the direct CP-asymmetries of decays $\bar B^0_s\to a^0_1(b_1^0)η^{(\prime)}$ are very sensitive to take different Gegenbauer moments for $η^{(\prime)}$. (d) Except for the decays $\bar B^0_s\to a^{0}_1 K^{*0}, a^{0}_1ω, b^{0}_1ω$, the longitudinal polarization fractions of other $\bar B^0_s\to a_1(b_1)V$ decays are very large and more than 90%. (e) Compared with decays $\bar B^0_s\to a_1(b_1)P$, most of $\bar B^0_s\to a_1(b_1)V$ decays have smaller direct CP asymmetries.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Closed Terminologies and Temporal Reasoning in Description Logic for Concept and Plan Recognition
Creators: name: Weida, Robert Anthony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science

description: Description logics are knowledge representation formalisms in the tradition of frames and semantic networks, but with an emphasis on formal semantics. A terminology contains descriptions of concepts, such as UNIVERSITY, which are automatically classified ina taxonomy via subsumption inferences. Individuals such as COLUMBIA are described in terms of those concepts. This thesis enhances the scope and utility of description logics by exploiting new completeness assumptions during problem solving and by extending the expressiveness of descriptions. First, we introduce a predictive concept recognition methodology based on a new closed terminology assumption (CTA). The terminology is dynamically partitioned by modalities (necessary, optional, and impossible) with respect to individuals as they are specified. In our interactive configuration application, a user incrementally specifies an individual computer system and its components in collaboration with a configuration engine. Choices can be made in any order and at any level of abstraction. We distinguish between abstract and concrete concepts to formally define when an individual's description may be considered finished. We also exploit CTA, together with the terminology's subsumption-based organization, to efficiently track the types of systems and components consistent with current choices, infer additional constraints on current choices, and appropriately restrict future choices. Thus, we can help focus the efforts of both user and configuration engine. This work is implemented in the K-REP system. Second, we show that a new class of complex descriptions can be formed via constraint networks over standard descriptions. For example, we model plans as constraint networks whose nodes represent actions.Arcs represent qualitative and metric temporal constraints, plusco-reference constraints, between actions. By combining terminological reasoning with constraint satisfaction techniques, subsumption is extended to constraint networks, allowing automatic classification of a plan library. This work is implemented in the T-REX system, which integrates and builds upon an existing description logic system (K-REP or CLASSIC) and temporal reasoner (MATS). Finally, we combine the preceding, orthogonal results to conduct predictive recognition of constraint network concepts. As an example,this synthesis enables a new approach to deductive plan recognition,illustrated with travel plans. This work is also realized in T-REX.
Cosmic Coincidence and Asymmetric Dark Matter in a Stueckelberg Extension
Creators: name: Feng, Wan-Zhe
name: Nath, Pran
name: Peim, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility of cogenesis generating the ratio of baryon asymmetry to dark matter in a Stueckelberg U(1) extension of the standard model and of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. For the U(1) we choose $L_μ-L_τ$ which is anomaly free and can be gauged. The dark matter candidate arising from this extension is a singlet of the standard model gauge group but is charged under $L_μ-L_τ$. Solutions to the Boltzmann equations for relics in the presence of asymmetric dark matter are discussed. It is shown that the ratio of the baryon asymmetry to dark matter consistent with the current WMAP data, i.e., the cosmic coincidence, can be successfully explained in this model with the depletion of the symmetric component of dark matter from resonant annihilation via the Stueckelberg gauge boson. For the extended MSSM model it is shown that one has a two component dark matter picture with asymmetric dark matter being the dominant component and the neutralino being the subdominant component (i.e., with relic density a small fraction of the WMAP cold dark matter value). Remarkably, the subdominant component can be detected in direct detection experiments such as SuperCDMS and XENON-100. Further, it is shown that the class of Stueckelberg models with a gauged $L_μ-L_τ$ will produce a dramatic signature at a muon collider with the $σ(μ^+μ^-\to μ^+μ^-,τ^+τ^-)$ showing a detectable $Z'$ resonance while $σ(μ^+μ^-\to e^+e^-)$ is devoid of this resonance. Asymmetric dark matter arising from a $U(1)_{B-L}$ Stueckelberg extension is also briefly discussed. Finally, in the models we propose the asymmetric dark matter does not oscillate and there is no danger of it being washed out from oscillations.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures
Identification of fumarate reductase as a potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor and as an important factor in antimicrobial susceptibility
Creators: name: Nicholls, Allison Tari
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: During an infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides within a phagosome of a macrophage (MΦ), an environment thought to be hypoxic, nitrosative, oxidative and carbohydrate poor. Previous research evaluating which M. tuberculosis genes are important for surviving the harsh MΦ phagosome environment suggested that the fumarate reductase (FRD) enzyme might be an important factor not only for intra-MΦ survival but for M. tuberculosis virulence as well. FRD is used in anaerobic respiration (when oxygen is limiting) and helps maintain a balanced cellular redox state by using fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor. We engineered an M. tuberculosis FRD knock out that demonstrated a decrease in viability in hypoxic conditions, confirming the role of FRD in surviving hypoxia. The M. tuberculosis FRD knock out also showed a statistically significant decrease in intracellular colony forming units 4-days post MΦ infection. This suggested that FRD is also an M. tuberculosis virulence factor. As such, targeting and inhibiting FRD with a drug may be a novel means for treating tuberculosis by preventing M. tuberculosis from performing anaerobic respiration. Putative FRD inhibitors were tested for mycobactericidal activity. Three out of 7 putative FRD inhibitors tested showed mycobactericidal activity in hypoxic conditions, which supported the hypothesis. Additionally, we engineered an Mycobacterium smegmatis strain to express M. tuberculosis FRD. This changed its colony morphology and rendered it more susceptible to a variety of antimicrobials, suggesting that FRD may also affect cell envelope composition. These findings further implicate FRD as a target of interest for novel anti-mycobacterial drug options. In summary, this research gives hope to alleviate the ever growing resistance problem seen in tuberculosis infections by opening up a new route for drug development and discovery.