cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
General framework for transport in spin-orbit-coupled superconducting heterostructures: Nonuniform spin-orbit coupling and spin-orbit-active interfaces
Creators: name: Sun, Kuei
name: Shah, Nayana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is essential for various newly discovered phenomena in condensed-matter systems. In particular, one-dimensional topological heterostructures with SOC have been widely investigated in both theory and experiment for their distinct transport signatures indicating the presence of emergent Majorana fermions. However, a general framework for the SOC-affected transport in superconducting heterostructures, especially with the consideration of interfacial effects, has not been developed even regardless of the topological aspects. We hereby provide one for an effectively one-dimensional superconductor-normal heterostructure with nonuniform magnitude and direction of both Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC as well as a spin-orbit-active interface. We extend the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk treatment to analyze the current-voltage relation and obtain a rich range of transport behaviors. Our work provides a basis for characterizing fundamental physics arising from spin-orbit interactions in heterostructures and its implications for topological systems, spintronic applications, and a whole variety of experimental setups.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Die Geschichte der Marmori 1895-1962
Creators: name: Eckert, Heinz
Publisher: name: Buch- und Offsetdruckerei Oscar Hummel
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: 331 Arbeitsökonomie
subject: 338 Produktion
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Dietikon
subject: Marmorindustrie
subject: Arbeiter
subject: Wasserkraftanlage
subject: Gesamtarbeitsvertrag
subject: Verband Schweizerischer Marmorwerke
subject: Schweizerischer Bau- und Holzarbeiterverband

description: Inhalt: Geschichtliche Bedeutung der Marmorigebäude 1257-1895 ; Wasserkraftanlagen in der Marmori ; Marmoriweiher ; Badeanstalt in der Grunschen ; Arbeiter der Marmori ; Gesamtarbeitsvertrag (1925) zwischen dem Verband Schweizerischer Marmorwerke und dem Bau- und Holzarbeiterverband der Schweiz ; Streik! ; Steintransporte ; Was ist Marmor und Granit eigentlich? ; Marmori-Geschichten.
Two-dimensional topological order of kinetically constrained quantum particles
Creators: name: Kourtis, Stefanos
name: Castelnovo, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how imposing kinetic restrictions on quantum particles that would otherwise hop freely on a two-dimensional lattice can lead to topologically ordered states. The kinetically constrained models introduced here are derived as a generalization of strongly interacting particle systems in which hoppings are given by flux-lattice Hamiltonians and may be relevant to optically driven cold-atom systems. After introducing a broad class of models, we focus on particular realizations and show numerically that they exhibit topological order, as witnessed by topological ground-state degeneracies and the quantization of corresponding invariants. These results demonstrate that the correlations responsible for fractional quantum Hall states in lattices can arise in models involving terms other than density-density interactions.
description: v2: additional references, minor changes in text; published version
Enhanced Doppler Beaming for Dust-Enshrouded Objects and Pulsars in the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Zajaček, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars within the innermost part of the Nuclear Star Cluster can reach orbital velocities up to a few percent of the light speed. As analyzed by Rafikov (2020), Doppler boosting of stellar light may be of relevance at the pericenter of stellar orbits, especially with the upcoming high-precision photometry in the near- and mid-infrared bands. Here we analyze the previously neglected effect of infrared spectral index of monitored objects on the Doppler-boosted continuum emission in a narrow band. In contrast to main-sequences stars, the detected compact infrared-excess dust-enshrouded objects have an enhanced Doppler-boosting effect by as much as an order of magnitude, with the variability amplitude of the order of ten percent for the most eccentric orbits. In a similar way, pulsars dominated by non-thermal synchrotron emission are also expected to exhibit a stronger Doppler-boosted signal by a factor of at least four in comparison with canonical S stars. In case the stellar orbit is robustly determined, the relative flux variation can thus provide hints about the nature of the objects. For extended dust-enshrouded objects, such as G1, that are variable due to tidal, ellipsoidal, bow-shock, and irradiation effects, the subtraction of the expected Doppler-boosting variations will help to better comprehend their internal physics. In addition, the relative flux variability due to higher-order relativistic effects is also modified for different negative spectral indices in a way that it can obtain both positive and negative values with the relative variability of the order of one percent.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; accepted by the Astrophysical Journal; in commemoration of Christian Doppler's presentation in front of the Royal Bohemian Society of the Sciences in Prague on May 25th, 1842
Hot spots in the neutrino flux created by cosmic rays from Cygnus and Vela?
Creators: name: Bouyahiaoui, M.
name: Kachelriess, M.
name: Semikoz, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of 7.5 years of data in the high-energy starting event sample has been recently published by the IceCube collaboration. The hottest spot in a search for neutrino sources was found far above the Galactic plane and is thus, at first sight, difficult to reconcile with a Galactic origin. In this work, we calculate the cosmic ray (CR) density around nearby, young supernova remnants assuming anisotropic diffusion. Combining the obtained CR densities with the matter distribution deduced from extinction maps, we find two prominent hot spots: The one close to the most significant point in the IceCube search for point sources is created by CRs from the Cygnus loop and has an intensity corresponding to two to four neutrino events. Another, more extended one may be caused by CRs from Vela if CR trajectories are sufficiently disturbed by the magnetic field in the shell around the superbubble Loop I.
description: v2: 9 pages, 6 figures, extended version, added discussion of a possible extended hot region at low b connected to Vela; to appear in PRD
MOESM1 of Loss-of-Function Ferrochelatase and Gain-of-Function Erythroid-Specific 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase Mutations Causing Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria in North American Patients Reveal Novel Mutations and a High Prevalence of X-Linked Protoporphyria
Creators: name: Balwani, Manisha
name: Doheny, Dana
name: Bishop, David
name: Nazarenko, Irina
name: Yasuda, Makiko
name: Dailey, Harry
name: Anderson, Karl
name: Bissell, D.
name: Bloomer, Joseph
name: Bonkovsky, Herbert
name: Phillips, John
name: Liu, Lawrence
name: Desnick, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary material, approximately 353 KB.
Patient, Paramedic and Institutional Factors Associated with Delays in Interfacility Transport of Injured Patients by Air Ambulance
Creators: name: Nolan, Brodie
name: Haas, Barbara
name: Tien, Homer
name: Saskin, Refik
name: Nathens, Avery
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Air ambulance services are commonly used to expedite interfacility transport of injured patients to trauma centers. There is a lack of evidence surrounding risk factors for delays in interfacility transport of these patients. The purpose of this study was to examine patient, paramedic, and institutional-related characteristics for delay and identify specific causes of delays in interfacility transfers by air ambulance. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of injured patients undergoing interfacility transfer to a trauma center who were transported by air ambulance. Quantile regression was used to evaluate the impact of patient, paramedic and institutional characteristics on various time intervals of the interfacility transport process. Results: There are three key findings in our study. First, the use of rotor-wing aircraft and hospital-based helipads had substantially lower transport times. Second, transports from academic centers take longer compared to sending facilities with fewer resources. Third, interfacility transport times are heavily skewed and delays disproportionately affect longer patient transports. Conclusions: Ventilator dependence, paramedic level of care, classification of sending facility and helipad availability are associated with delays to interfacility transport of injured patients. Efforts can be made at both the air ambulance and institutional levels to ensure timely and efficient transports.
Joint Design for Simultaneously Transmitting And Reflecting (STAR) RIS Assisted NOMA Systems
Creators: name: Zuo, Jiakuo
name: Liu, Yuanwei
name: Ding, Zhiguo
name: Song, Lingyang
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Different from traditional reflection-only reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RISs (STAR-RISs) represent a novel technology, which extends the half-space coverage to full-space coverage by simultaneously transmitting and reflecting incident signals. STAR-RISs provide new degrees-of-freedom (DoF) for manipulating signal propagation. Motivated by the above, a novel STAR-RIS assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) (STAR-RIS-NOMA) system is proposed in this paper. Our objective is to maximize the achievable sum rate by jointly optimizing the decoding order, power allocation coefficients, active beamforming, and transmission and reflection beamforming. However, the formulated problem is non-convex with intricately coupled variables. To tackle this challenge, a suboptimal two-layer iterative algorithm is proposed. Specifically, in the inner-layer iteration, for a given decoding order, the power allocation coefficients, active beamforming, transmission and reflection beamforming are optimized alternatingly. For the outer-layer iteration, the decoding order of NOMA users in each cluster is updated with the solutions obtained from the inner-layer iteration. Moreover, an efficient decoding order determination scheme is proposed based on the equivalent-combined channel gains. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed STAR-RIS-NOMA system, aided by our proposed algorithm, outperforms conventional RIS-NOMA and RIS assisted orthogonal multiple access (RIS-OMA) systems.
Generalized Probabilistic Theories in a New Light
Creators: name: Shaiia, Raed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a modified formulation of generalized probabilistic theories that will always give rise to the structure of Hilbert space of quantum mechanics, in any finite outcome space, is presented and the guidelines to how to extend this work to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces are given. Moreover, this new formulation which will be called as extended operational probabilistic theories, applies not only to quantum systems, but also equally well to classical systems, without violating Bell's theorem, and at the same time solves the measurement problem. A new answer to the question of why our universe is quantum mechanical rather than classical will be presented. Besides, this extended probability theory shows that it is non determinacy, or to be more precise, the non deterministic description of the universe, that makes the laws of physics the way they are. In addition, this paper shows that there is still a possibility that there might be a deterministic level from which our universe emerges, which if understood correctly, may open the door wide to applications in areas such as quantum computing. In addition, this paper explains the deep reason why complex Hilbert spaces in quantum mechanics are needed.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1506.00398 by other authors
Constraining extra dimensions using observations of black hole quasi-normal modes
Creators: name: Mishra, Akash K
name: Ghosh, Abhirup
name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of extra dimensions generically modify the spacetime geometry of a rotating black hole, by adding an additional hair, besides the mass $M$ and the angular momentum $J$, known as the `tidal charge' parameter, $β$. In a braneworld scenario with one extra spatial dimension, the extra dimension is expected to manifest itself through -- (a) negative values of $β$, and (b) modified gravitational perturbations. This in turn would affect the quasi-normal modes of rotating black holes. We numerically solve the perturbed gravitational field equations using the continued fractions method and determine the quasi-normal mode spectra for the braneworld black hole. We find that increasingly negative values of $β$ correspond to a diminishing imaginary part of the quasi-normal mode, or equivalently, an increasing damping time. Using the publicly available data of the properties of the remnant black hole in the gravitational wave signal GW150914, we check for consistency between the predicted values (for a given $β$) of the frequency and damping time of the least-damped $\ell=2,m=2$ quasi-normal mode and measurements of these quantities using other independent techniques. We find that it is highly unlikely for the tidal charge, $β\lesssim -0.05$, providing a conservative limit on the tidal charge parameter. Implications and future directions are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Revised version accepted in EPJC
Understanding the First Order Inhomogeneous Linear Elasticity through Local Gauge Transformations
Creators: name: Xiang, Zhihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74A05, 74A20, 74B10

description: It is well-known that classical linear elasticity equations are not form-invariant under local transformations. This is intrinsically related to the inhomogeneity of elastic media. However, the reported new linear elasticity equations for inhomogeneous media may appear in different forms. This paper tries to clarify this issue by investigating the form-invariance of the Lagrangian under local temporal or spatial gauge transformations. In this way, these new equations in different forms can be easily understood as the results from different choices of gauge fixing schemes. It recommends to choose appropriate gauges with clear physical meanings to simplify calculations.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure
title: Early mouse development.
Creators: name: Ann. Murray, Patricia
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The five manuscripts presented here concern events that occur during the early stages of mouse development, beginning with differentiation of primitive endoderm and ending with formation of the proamniotic cavity. The main focus of the work has been the role of the basement membrane in early development, with particular reference to its role in the regulation of epiblast and extraembryonic endodermal cell differentiation, parietal endodermal cell migration and programmed cell death (manuscripts 1, 3 and 4). HOW"9ver,the critical role played by the basement membrane in these processes prompted an investigation into the mechanisms regulating the deposition of this specialised extracellular matrix (manuscript 2). Central to all four manuscripts has been the use of an extremely good in vitro model system, the embryoid body. Embryoid bodies are derived from embryonic stem cells of the mouse blastocyst, and their development closely resembles that of the periimplantation embryo. Of particular use, has been the availability of LAMC1-/- ES cells that are unable to express the laminin y1 chain (manuscript 5). This defect renders the cells incapable of assembling a functional laminin type-1 trimer, which is necessary for basement membrane deposition. Hence, embryoid bodies derived from LAMC1-/- ES cells lack basement membranes, allowing the role of the basement membrane in early development to be analysed.
Mapping Subchondral Bone Density Distribution in the Canine C6-C7 Vertebral Endplates: A CT-OAM Study
Creators: name: Kramer, Vincenz
name: Böttcher, Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CTOAM
subject: canine
subject: cervical spine
subject: bone density
subject: subsidence
subject: cervical spondylomyelopathy
subject: cage
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Intervertebral cage subsidence is a common complication in treating disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs. The mechanical stability of the vertebral endplate in contact with the cage is crucial to preventing subsidence. This study aims to assess subchondral bone mineral density (sBMD) in the canine vertebral endplate (specifically, the C6-C7 vertebral motion unit) as a measure of its mechanical stability. The sBMD distribution was mapped for the C6 caudal and C7 cranial vertebral endplates in 15 middle- to large-breed dogs using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry. The sBMD distribution in the canine C6 and C7 vertebral endplates exhibited a heterogeneous pattern, with lower density observed in the central and dorsal contact areas of the nucleus pulposus, where common subsidence occurs. Our results suggest a potential need to redesign intervertebral cages to ensure that contact areas align with regions of higher bone density. A broad-based design extending toward the lateral and dorsal aspects of the annulus fibrosus contact area may enhance stability.
Bayesian dense inverse searching algorithm for real-time stereo matching in minimally invasive surgery
Creators: name: Song, Jingwei
name: Zhu, Qiuchen
name: Lin, Jianyu
name: Ghaffari, Maani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper reports a CPU-level real-time stereo matching method for surgical images (10 Hz on 640 * 480 image with a single core of i5-9400). The proposed method is built on the fast ''dense inverse searching'' algorithm, which estimates the disparity of the stereo images. The overlapping image patches (arbitrary squared image segment) from the images at different scales are aligned based on the photometric consistency presumption. We propose a Bayesian framework to evaluate the probability of the optimized patch disparity at different scales. Moreover, we introduce a spatial Gaussian mixed probability distribution to address the pixel-wise probability within the patch. In-vivo and synthetic experiments show that our method can handle ambiguities resulted from the textureless surfaces and the photometric inconsistency caused by the Lambertian reflectance. Our Bayesian method correctly balances the probability of the patch for stereo images at different scales. Experiments indicate that the estimated depth has higher accuracy and fewer outliers than the baseline methods in the surgical scenario.
description: Accepted by '25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022' as oral presentation
Probing the braneworld hypothesis with a neutron-shining-through-a-wall experiment
Creators: name: Sarrazin, Michael
name: Pignol, Guillaume
name: Lamblin, Jacob
name: Petit, Fabrice
name: Terwagne, Guy
name: Nesvizhevsky, Valery V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility for our visible world to be a 3-brane embedded in a multidimensional bulk is at the heart of many theoretical edifices in high-energy physics. Probing the braneworld hypothesis is thus a major experimental challenge. Following recent theoretical works showing that matter swapping between braneworlds can occur, we propose a neutron-shining-through-a-wall experiment. We first show that an intense neutron source such as a nuclear reactor core can induce a hidden neutron flux in an adjacent hidden braneworld. We then describe how a low-background detector can detect neutrons arising from the hidden world and quantify the expected sensitivity to the swapping probability. As a proof of concept, a constraint is derived from previous experiments.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, final version published in Physical Review D
title: Investigating Adsorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Potential for Pakistan
Creators: name: Bilal, Muhammad
name: Sultan, Muhammad
name: Majeed, Faizan
name: Farooq, Muhammad
name: Sajjad, Uzair
name: Ibrahim, Sobhy M.
name: Khan, Muhammad Usman
name: Azizi, Shohreh
name: Javaid, Muhammad Yasar
name: Ahmad, Riaz
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: atmospheric water harvesting
subject: adsorption
subject: desorption
subject: Pakistan
subject: simulation
subject: 570
subject: 630
subject: Pakistan
subject: Wassergewinnung
subject: Simulation
subject: Adsorption
subject: Desorption
subject: Trinkwasser
subject: Luftfeuchtigkeit

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Additional file 1 of Modelling the timing of migration of a partial migrant bird using ringing and observation data: a case study with the Song Thrush in Italy
Creators: name: Ambrosini, Roberto
name: Imperio, Simona
name: Cecere, Jacopo G.
name: Andreotti, Alessandro
name: Serra, Lorenzo
name: Spina, Fernando
name: Fattorini, Niccolò
name: Costanzo, Alessandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: ‘This book makes me happy and sad and I love it’. A Rule-based Model for Extracting Reading Impact from English Book Reviews
Creators: name: Koolen, Marijn
name: Neugarten, Julia
name: Boot, Peter
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: Being able to identify and analyse reading impact expressed in online book reviews allows us to investigate how people read books and how books affect their readers. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of creating an English translation of a rule-based reading impact model for reviews of Dutch fiction. We extend the model with additional rules and categories to measure reading impact in terms of positive and negative feeling, narrative and stylistic impact, humour, surprise, attention, and reflection. We created ground truth annotations to evaluate the model and found that the translated rules and new impact categories are effective in identifying certain types of reading impact expressed in English book reviews. However, for some types of impact the rules are inaccurate, and for most categories they are incomplete. Additional rules are needed to improve recall, which could potentially be enhanced by incorporating Machine Learning. At the same time, we conclude that some impact aspects are hard to extract with a rule-based model. When applying the model to a large set of reviews, lists of the top-scoring books in the impact categories show the model’s prima-facie validity. Correlations among the categories include some that make sense and others that require further research. Overall, the evidence suggests that for investigating the impact of books, manually formulated rules are partially successful, and are probably best used in a hybrid approach.
Reconstruction of modified Gauss–Bonnet gravity for emergent universe
Creators: name: Paul, B. C.
name: Maharaj., S. D.
name: Beesham, A.
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Applied mathematics not elsewhere classified
Experimental mathematics

description: We present a flat emergent universe model in modified Gauss–Bonnet gravity in four dimensions. The emergent universe model is free from a big-bang singularity and also describes the observed universe fairly well. It is assumed that the present universe emerged from a static Einstein universe phase that exists in the infinite past. To obtain the flat emergent universe model, we reconstruct mimetic modified f(G)-gravity (G representing Gauss–Bonnet terms). The functional form of f(G)-gravity is determined with or without matter, and can accommodate the early inflation and late accelerating phases satisfactorily. In contrast, in Einstein’s general theory of relativity, a flat emergent universe was obtained within the modified matter sector.
Comments on Entanglement Entropy in the dS/CFT Correspondence
Creators: name: Sato, Yoshiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the entanglement entropy in the dS/CFT correspondence.In Einstein gravity on de Sitter spacetime we propose the holographic entanglement entropy as the analytic continuation of the extremal surface in Euclidean anti-de Sitter spacetime.Even though dual conformal field theories for Einstein gravity on de Sitter spacetime have not been known yet,we analyzed the free $Sp(N)$ model dual to Vasiliev's higher spin gauge theory as a toy model.In this model we confirmed the behaviour similar to our holographic result from Einstein gravity.
description: 9 pages, v2: title changed, minor changes, references added, v3: published version
Leveraging Accelerometer Data for Lameness Detection in Dairy Cows: A Longitudinal Study of Six Farms in Germany
Creators: name: Lavrova, Anastasia I.
name: Choucair, Alexander
name: Palmini, Andrea
name: Stock, Kathrin F.
name: Kammer, Martin
name: Querengässer, Friederike
name: Doherr, Marcus G.
name: Müller, Kerstin E.
name: Belik, Vitaly
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: dairy cattle
subject: lameness
subject: locomotion score
subject: machine learning
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Lameness in dairy cows poses a significant challenge to improving animal well-being and optimizing economic efficiency in the dairy industry. To address this, employing automated animal surveillance for early lameness detection and prevention through activity sensors proves to be a promising strategy. In this study, we analyzed activity (accelerometer) data and additional cow-individual and farm-related data from a longitudinal study involving 4860 Holstein dairy cows on six farms in Germany during 2015–2016. We designed and investigated various statistical models and chose a logistic regression model with mixed effects capable of detecting lameness with a sensitivity of 77%. Our results demonstrate the potential of automated animal surveillance and hold the promise of significantly improving lameness detection approaches in dairy livestock.
Additional file 3 of Modelling the timing of migration of a partial migrant bird using ringing and observation data: a case study with the Song Thrush in Italy
Creators: name: Ambrosini, Roberto
name: Imperio, Simona
name: Cecere, Jacopo G.
name: Andreotti, Alessandro
name: Serra, Lorenzo
name: Spina, Fernando
name: Fattorini, Niccolò
name: Costanzo, Alessandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 3
CHAOS I: Direct Chemical Abundances for HII Regions in NGC 628
Creators: name: Berg, Danielle A.
name: Croxall, Kevin V.
name: Skillman, Evan D.
name: Pogge, Richard W.
name: Moustakas, John
name: Groh-Johnson, Mara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CHemical Abundances of Spirals (CHAOS) project leverages the combined power of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) with the broad spectral range and sensitivity of the Multi Object Double Spectrograph (MODS) to measure "direct" abundances in large samples of HII regions in spiral galaxies. We present LBT MODS observations of 62 HII regions in the nearby NGC628. We measure one or more auroral lines ([OIII] 4363, [NII] 5755, [SIII] 6312, or [OII] 7320,7330) in a large number of HII regions (40). Comparing derived temperatures from multiple auroral line measurements, we find: a strong correlation between temperatures based on [SIII] and [NII]; and large discrepancies for some temperatures based on [OII] and [OIII]. These trends are consistent with other observations in the literature, yet, given the widespread use and acceptance of [OIII] as a temperature determinant, the magnitude of the T[OIII] discrepancies still came as a surprise. Based on these results, we conduct a uniform abundance analysis using the temperatures derived from [SIII] and [NII], and report the gas-phase abundance gradients for NGC628. Relative abundances of S/O, Ne/O, and Ar/O are constant across the galaxy, consistent with no systematic change in the upper IMF over the sampled range in metallicity. These alpha-element ratios, along with N/O, all show small dispersions consistent with no intrinsic dispersion (0.05) over 70% of the azimuthally averaged radius. We interpret these results as an indication that, at a given radius, the interstellar medium in NGC628 is chemically well-mixed. Unlike the nearly temperature-independent gradients, O/H abundances have a larger intrinsic dispersion of ~0.13 dex. We posit that this dispersion represents an upper limit to the true dispersion in O/H at a given radius and that some of that dispersion is due to systematic uncertainties arising from temperature measurements.
description: 24 pages, 13 Figures, accepted to ApJ
Evaluation of a Method for Standardized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Mycoplasma hyorhinis Field Isolates
Creators: name: Käbisch, Lisa
name: Schink, Anne-Kathrin
name: Hoeltig, Doris
name: Verspohl, Jutta
name: Gyuranecz, Miklós
name: Spergser, Joachim
name: Kehrenberg, Corinna
name: Schwarz, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)
subject: broth microdilution
subject: standardized methodology
subject: Mycoplasma hyorhinis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Organizations like the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) provide standardized methodologies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a wide range of nonfastidious and fastidious bacteria, but so far not for Mycoplasma spp. of animal origin. Recently, a proposed method for the standardized broth microdilution testing of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using commercial Sensititre microtiter plates was presented. In this study, we evaluated this broth microdilution method with 37 field isolates and tested their susceptibility toward the following antimicrobial agents: doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, tiamulin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, and tylosin. The isolates originated from different countries, isolation sites, and years. The broth microdilution method was carried out using a modified Friis broth as the culture and test medium. For macrolides and lincosamides, a bimodal distribution with elevated MIC values could be observed for almost half of the tested field isolates, deducing reduced susceptibility toward these substances. With a recently published protocol, we were able to test a variety of field isolates, and consistent data could be obtained. Using this method, monitoring studies of Mycoplasma hyorhinis isolates can be carried out in a comparable manner, and the observed susceptibility profiles can be screened for possible changes in MIC values in the future.
title: Children's charities and the Welfare State : a study of Barnardo's and the National Children's Home, 1933-71
Creators: name: Maureen Grier, Julie
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: During the first half of the twentieth century, the voluntary sector was the main provider of residential care for children. The ability and appropriateness of charitable organisations to perform this work was largely unchallenged and societies such as Barnardo's and the National Children's Home (NCH) enjoyed public esteem, while statutory child care remained a residual service. By the 1970s, however, the role of the voluntary sector in residential child care was greatly reduced (although its contribution was still significant) and children's charities developed alternative forms of provision, such as specialised fostering placements, family centres and family support schemes. This study examines the period 1933-71, and traces the political, cultural and social forces which influenced the development of voluntary and statutory child care provision and the relationship between the two sectors. Recently, closer attention has been paid to the role of the voluntary sector in welfare provision and attempts have been made to describe the relationship between the statutory and voluntary sectors, often in terms of a boundary or frontier between two separate spheres. This study argues that the relationship was much more complex than such models suggest. Central government was often ambivalent and inconsistent in its dealings with the voluntary sector, and even when there was a clear view of the role it wished to assign to the voluntary sector, this was often modified by local government and local politics. The influence of local authorities in structuring child care provision is demonstrated by reference to the children's committees of Liverpool and Kent. Liverpool, at the behest of central government, attempted to decrease its reliance upon voluntary sector homes. Kent, in contrast, sought a closer relationship with the children's charities and invited representatives of the voluntary sector onto its children's committee. Barnardo's and the NCH were both aware of the inconsistencies within central government and both societies were able to exploit differences between government departments to their own ends. Both societies employed a range of strategies, such as reclassifying homes, political lobbying and joint action, to further their interests. The thesis questions conventional understandings of the voluntary sector, demonstrating that in the field of child welfare it remained strong and influential throughout the 'classic' period of the welfare state, and yet also shows that voluntary societies were not always the innovative, radical organisations that their champions would like to suggest.
Entanglement Witnesses for Indistinguishable Particles
Creators: name: Reusch, A.
name: Sperling, J.
name: Vogel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of witnessing entanglement among indistinguishable particles. For this purpose, we derive a set of equations which results in necessary and sufficient conditions for probing multipartite entanglement between arbitrary systems of Bosons or Fermions. The solution of these equations yields the construction of optimal entanglement witnesses for partial and full entanglement in discrete and continuous variable systems. Our approach unifies the verification of entanglement for distinguishable and indistinguishable particles. We provide general solutions for certain observables to study quantum entanglement in systems with different quantum statistics in noisy environments.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
The importance of facies, grain size, and clay content in controlling fluvial reservoir quality â€“ an example from the Triassic Skagerrak Formation, Central North Sea, UK
Creators: name: Aro, Oluwafemi E.
name: Jones, Stuart J.
name: Meadows, Neil S.
name: Gluyas, Jon
name: Charlaftis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary figures.
Innovative e-Learning Training Modules to Improve Animal Welfare during Transport and Slaughter of Pigs: A Pretest–Posttest Study to Pre-Evaluate the General Didactical Concept
Creators: name: Isbrandt, Rudi
name: Langkabel, Nina
name: Doherr, Marcus G.
name: Haase, Sebastian
name: Meemken, Diana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: education
subject: online training
subject: slaughterhouse
subject: abattoir
subject: pig
subject: animal well-being
subject: didactic
subject: knowledge test
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::636 Viehwirtschaft
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: In addition to the information on the possession of a certificate of competence, there are no concrete obligations for repetitive training for personnel handling live animals at transport and slaughter. Deficiencies in the animal-welfare-friendly handling of pigs are known. The developed pilot modules “Handling of pigs” and “Electrical stunning” were tested in a pretest–posttest study in German and Romanian using questions of knowledge before and after the implementation of the modules. In this study, 45 and 46 datasets of participants could be analyzed. The mean percentages of correctly answered questions in the posttest increased by 5.6% in the module “Handling of pigs” and by 10.6% in the module “Electrical stunning”. A significant interaction was found for the language match and trend categories in the module “Handling of pigs”. No Romanian native speaker had a positive trend in this module. For both modules separately, participant education level significantly interacted with the language match and the presence or absence of a certificate of competence. Comparing the percentages of the correct given answers, significant interactions in the subgroups were more common in the module “Electrical stunning”. One question in “Electrical stunning” was correctly answered significantly more often in the posttest. Because of the positive mean trends of knowledge within this pre-evaluation, we assume the didactical concept was suitable for our target groups. Holders of a certificate of competence also gave more correct answers in the post-test. This underlines the importance of repetitive training. Differences in the trends of knowledge gain seem to be topic and experience related.
Induced Matter Brane Gravity and Einstein Static Universe
Creators: name: Heydarzade, Y.
name: Darabi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate stability of the Einstein static universe against the scalar, vector and tensor perturbations in the context of induced matter brane gravity. It is shown that in the framework of this model, the Einstein static universe has a positive spatial curvature. In contrast to the classical general relativity, it is found that a stable Einstein static universe against the scalar perturbations does exist provided that the variation of time dependent geometrical equation of state parameter is proportional to the minus of the variation of the scale factor, $δω_{g}(t)=-Cδa(t)$. We obtain neutral stability against the vector perturbations, and the stability against the tensor perturbations is guaranteed due to the positivity of the spatial curvature of the Einstein static universe in induced matter brane gravity.
description: 8 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:gr-qc/0608071 by other authors
On the Capacity of Symmetric Gaussian Interference Channels with Feedback
Creators: name: Truong, Lan V.
name: Yamamoto, Hirosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a new coding scheme for symmetric Gaussian interference channels with feedback based on the ideas of time-varying coding schemes. The proposed scheme improves the Suh-Tse and Kramer inner bounds of the channel capacity for the cases of weak and not very strong interference. This improvement is more significant when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not very high. It is shown theoretically and numerically that our coding scheme can outperform the Kramer code. In addition, the generalized degrees-of-freedom of our proposed coding scheme is equal to the Suh-Tse scheme in the strong interference case. The numerical results show that our coding scheme can attain better performance than the Suh-Tse coding scheme for all channel parameters. Furthermore, the simplicity of the encoding/decoding algorithms is another strong point of our proposed coding scheme compared with the Suh-Tse coding scheme. More importantly, our results show that an optimal coding scheme for the symmetric Gaussian interference channels with feedback can be achieved by using only marginal posterior distributions under a better cooperation strategy between transmitters.
description: To appear in Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Hong Kong, June 14-19, 2015
Efficient numerical methods for the optimisation of large kinetic reaction mechanisms
Creators: name: Goitom, Simret Kidane
name: Papp, Máté
name: Kovács, Márton
name: Nagy, Tibor
name: Zsély, István Gy.
name: Turányi, Tamás
name: Pál, László
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Optimisation of detailed combustion mechanisms means that the corresponding kinetic model is fitted to experimental data via optimising their important rate and thermodynamic parameters within their domain of uncertainty. Typically, several dozen parameters are fitted to several hundred to several thousand data points. Many numerical optimisation methods have been used, but the efficiency of these methods has not been compared systematically. In this work, parameters of an H2/O2/NOx mechanism (214 reaction steps of 35 species) were fitted to 1552 indirect (ignition delay times measured in shock tubes and concentrations measured in flow reactors) and 755 direct measurements. Three test cases were investigated: (1) fitting the Arrhenius parameters of 2 reaction steps to 732 data points; (2) fitting the Arrhenius parameters of 4 reaction steps to 1077 data points; (3) fitting the Arrhenius parameters of 10 reaction steps to 2307 data points. All 3 cases were investigated in 2 ways: fitting the A-parameters only and fitting all Arrhenius parameters (5, 11 and 29 parameters, respectively). A series of global (FOCTOPUS, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, particle swarm optimisation, covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES)) and local (simplex, pattern search, interior-point, quasi-Newton, BOBYQA, NEWUOA) optimisation methods were tested on these cases, some of them in two variants. The methods were compared in terms of the final error function value and number of error function evaluations. The main conclusions are that the FOCTOPUS resulted in the lowest final error value in all cases, but this method required relatively many error function evaluations. As the task became more difficult, more and more methods failed. A variant of the BOBYQA method looked stable and efficient in all cases.
The importance of kinematic twists and genuine saturation effects in dijet production at the Electron-Ion Collider
Creators: name: Boussarie, Renaud
name: Mäntysaari, Heikki
name: Salazar, Farid
name: Schenke, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the differential yield for quark anti-quark dijet production in high-energy electron-proton and electron-nucleus collisions at small $x$ as a function of the relative momentum $\boldsymbol{P}_\perp$ and momentum imbalance $\boldsymbol{k}_\perp$ of the dijet system for different photon virtualities $Q^2$, and study the elliptic and quadrangular anisotropies in the relative angle between $\boldsymbol{P}_\perp$ and $\boldsymbol{k}_\perp$. We review and extend the analysis in [1], which compared the results of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) with those obtained using the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) framework. In particular, we include in our comparison the improved TMD (ITMD) framework, which resums kinematic power corrections of the ratio $k_\perp$ over the hard scale $Q_\perp$. By comparing ITMD and CGC results we are able to isolate genuine higher saturation contributions in the ratio $Q_s/Q_\perp$ which are resummed only in the CGC. These saturation contributions are in addition to those in the WeizsäckerWilliams gluon TMD that appear in powers of $Q_s/k_\perp$. We provide numerical estimates of these contributions for inclusive dijet production at the future Electron-Ion Collider, and identify kinematic windows where they can become relevant in the measurement of dijet and dihadron azimuthal correlations. We argue that such measurements will allow the detailed experimental study of both kinematic power corrections and genuine gluon saturation effects.
description: v3: typos corrected post-publication. v2: 52 pages, 13 figures, matches published version