cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
La consolidation de la paix dirigée localement pour une paix durable en Colombie
Creators: name: Mercier, Cassandre
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020

description: À l’issu de quatre ans de négociation de paix, le gouvernement colombien et les FARC-EP ont signé un important accord de paix en 2016, représentant une lueur d’espoir pour ce pays déchiré par la violence depuis plusieurs décennies. À ce jour, ce processus d'accord de paix est considéré comme étant le plus inclusif, créant ainsi un précédent mondial vers l'inclusion et la participation politique des groupes historiquement marginalisés, en particulier les femmes et les peuples autoch-tones. Les parties impliqués dans les négociations y ont développé des stratégies et des techniques innovantes qui ont contribué à éclaircir les débats sur la sécurité, les droits de la personne, la con-solidation de la paix ainsi que le droit international aux niveaux régional et mondial. Toutefois, une recrudescence de la violence, particulièrement dirigée vers les dirigeants sociaux et défenseurs des droits de la personne, démontre que ces gains ne semblent pas être suffisants pour assurer une réelle consolidation durable de la paix en Colombie. Non seulement l’accord de paix est fragilisé quotidiennement par des défis multi factoriels, mais il semble également y avoir des problèmes au niveau de l’incorporation de la société civile et de ses leaders dans les efforts nationaux pour la mise en oeuvre des accords de paix. Par le biais d’une analyse approfondie de la conjoncture cri-tique devant laquelle le gouvernement colombien doit se positionner afin de résoudre son dilemme, nous constaterons que, malgré les efforts remarquables déployés pour conclure un accord de paix, sa mise en oeuvre efficace est un processus complexe qui exige une inclusion accrue des intérêts et une participation active des acteurs locaux, ainsi que leur protection et sécurité, tout en étant soutenu par des acteurs étatiques et internationaux.
title: The application of chiral metamaterials for sensing and active plasmonics
Creators: name: Gilroy, Cameron
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2021

description: Chirality, the property of asymmetry, is ubiquitous in nature, observed in the handednesses of molecules to the twist of galaxies. This work concern artificial chiral metamaterials, periodic arrays of chiral metal nanostructures. The extraordinary properties that they exhibit are determined not only by the materials from which they are constructed, as in traditional materials, but by the size, shape and spacing of nanostructures which constitute them. The chirality of the structures mean that they strongly interact with the chiral manifestation of light, circularly polarised light. It is this interaction that is the theme that runs through this work. Two applications of chiral metamaterials are investigated here. The first is their use for the detection of chiral biological material. Arrays of gammadion nanostructures are created using state of the art electron beam lithography fabrication techniques in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre. The effect of deformations to the nanostructure geometry and morphology on their interaction with circularly polarised light is investigated. In particular focus is the effect on the circular dichroism (CD) spectra and levels of enhanced optical chirality, a parameter which has been related to the enhancement of the interaction of light with chiral molecules. It is shown here that whilst geometric changes do not have a significant effect on CD spectra, surface roughness on the surface of the nanostructure can support optical chirality ‘hotspots’. These enhancements are, however, not as large as those observed for electric field enhancements commonly exploited for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. It is subsequently shown through numerical simulation that the sensing capabilities of the gammadion nanostructure is correlated to its thickness. This is reconciled within a framework of an interference mechanism for the “dissipation” of optical chirality into chiral material currents. The presence of a chiral dielectric can cause an asymmetric change to the phase difference between two spatially separated chiral modes resulting in asymmetric changes to their chiral optical properties. The second application is in the field of active plasmonics, which allows for the properties of metamaterials to be tuned post-fabrication by changing their size and shape using an external stimulus. Current approaches can require complex fabrication techniques which are inherently high cost. Here, a simple and novel approach is described which allows the chiral optical properties, namely the optical rotatory dispersion spectra, to be controlled electrically through a flexoelectric effect. The flexoelectric element, a lead zirconate titanate film, does not require high temperature processing and so can be integrated with polymer-based material.
Derivation of a Sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts from BATSE DISCLA Data
Creators: name: Schmidt, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have searched for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the BATSE DISCLA data over a time period of 5.9 years. We employ a trigger requiring an excess of at least 5 sigma over background for at least two modules in the 50-300 keV range. After excluding certain geographic locations of the satellite, we are left with 4485 triggers. Based on sky positions, we exclude triggers close to the sun, to Cyg X-1, to Nova Persei 1992 and the repeater SGR 1806-20, while these sources were active. We accept 1013 triggers that correspond to GRBs in the BATSE catalog, and after visual inspection of the time profiles classify 378 triggers as cosmic GRBs. We denote the 1391 GRBs so selected as the "BD2 sample". The BD2 sample effectively represents 2.003 years of full sky coverage for a rate of 694 GRBs per year. Euclidean V/Vmax values have been derived through simulations in which each GRB is removed in distance until the detection algorithm does not produce a trigger. The BD2 sample produces a mean value = 0.334 +- 0.008.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Latex with aipproc.sty, Proc. of the 5th Huntsville Gamma Ray Burst Symposium, Oct. 1999, ed. R.M. Kippen, AIP
Sedazione palliativa profonda continua nell’imminenza della morte o sedazione profonda e continua fino alla morte La differenza tra un trattamento sanitario e un reato. Il parere del CNB, la legge francese e le proposte di legge all’esame della Camera dei
Creators: name: Razzano, Giovanna
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: End of life; palliative care; euthanasia; sedation; disproportionate treatment

description: The border between palliative sedation and euthanasia is important to distinguish a right from a crime; a good clinical practice from improvidence, negligence, carelessness, abuse. Palliative care indeed refuses euthanasia, in the sense of the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit (definition by Council of Europe), provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms and affirms life and regards dying as a normal process; intends neither to hasten or postpone death (according to the definition of the WHO). Italian National Bioethics Committee, aware of the importance of the border with euthanasia, has proposed the definition of continuous deep palliative sedation in the imminence of death. Not so the new French law, which has legalized deep and continues sedation until death, in a context where the physicians can interrupt any treatment, including basic care such as artificial nutrition and hydration, if it could be interpreted as unreasonable obstinacy, even if the patient is unconscious and he or she isn’t at the end of the life but he or she is living “an artificial life”. The author explains how France, in this way, has effectively legalized euthanasia. Finally the a. analyses legislative proposals being examined by Italian Parliament regarding the choice between euthanasia and palliative care.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
End of life decisions in the case of incompetent and terminally ill children under Spanish Law
Creators: name: Arruego, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: Fundamental rights to life and to personal integrity; informed consent; terminally ill patients; incompetent patients; minor patients

description: This article addresses the Spanish constitutional and legal framework of end of life decisions especially with regard to incompetent and terminally ill children.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
Robust Supervised Learning
Creators: name: J. Andrew  Bagnell
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supervised machine learning techniques developed in the Probably Approximately Correct, Maximum A Posteriori, and Structural Risk Minimiziation frameworks typically make the assumption that the test data a learner is applied to is drawn from the same distribution as the training data. In various prominent applications of learning techniques, from robotics to medical diagnosis to process control, this assumption is violated. We consider a novel frameworkwhere a learnermay influence the test distribution in a bounded way. From this framework, we derive an efficient algorithm that acts as a wrapper around a broad class of existing supervised learning algorithms while guarranteeing more robust behavior under changes in the input distribution.
Classical Algebra: Matrix Multiplication (The Rule of Vacancies)
Creators: name: Surajit Bhattacharyya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Matrices
rows
columns
matrix multiplication

description: In this paper I have described a new and simpler method for matrix multiplication which is the result of my long teaching experience. This method “The Rule of Vacancies” is very effective for the beginners. Hope, this enthusiastic research work will create lots of interests in the students mind.
Nanoscale Magnetic Behavior Localization in Exchange Strength Modulated Ferromagnets
Creators: name: Kirby, B. J.
name: Fallarino, L.
name: Riego, P.
name: Maranville, B. B.
name: Miller, Casey W.
name: Berger, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although ferromagnetism is in general a long-range collective phenomenon, it is possible to induce local spatial variations of magnetic properties in ferromagnetic materials. For example, systematic variation of the exchange coupling strength can be used to create systems that behave as if they are comprised of virtually independent segments that exhibit "local" Curie temperatures. Such localization of thermodynamic behavior leads to boundaries between strongly and weakly magnetized regions that can be controllably moved within the material with temperature. The utility of this interesting functionality is largely dependent on the inherent spatial resolution of magnetic properties - specifically the distance over which the exchange strength and corresponding properties behave locally. To test the degree to which this type of localization can be realized in materials, we have fabricated epitaxial films of Co[1-x]Ru[x] alloy featuring a nanometer scale triangular wave-like concentration depth profile. Continuous nanoscale modulation of the local Curie temperature was observed using polarized neutron reflectometry. These results are consistent with mean-field simulations of spin systems that encompass the possibility of delocalized exchange coupling, and show that composition grading can be used to localize magnetic properties in films down to the nanometer level. Since this is demonstrated here for an itinerant metal, we assert that for virtually any modulated magnetic material system, collective effects can be suppressed to length scales smaller than about 3 nm, so that magnetic behavior overall can be well described in terms of local material properties.
Minors and the decision-making process at the end of life: self-determination v. paternalistic protection. A short ethical-legal restatement
Creators: name: Salardi, Silvia
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: End of life debate; children’s rights; self-determination principle; incompetent patients, minors

description: In bioethical issues, the major role played by the self-determination principle in the decision- making process has completely redefined the hierarchy of principles inspiring medical profession. Concretely, this means that in principle the decisional power is no longer exclusively exercised by doctors according to the well-known paternalistic model. In the new scenario, where self-determination plays a key role in health care relationships, the patient has the definitive say on acceptance or refusal of medical treatments. In fact, not only has the self-determination principle gained widespread acceptance and plays a leading role in ethical theories and medical ethics, but it has been legally ruled. The self-determination principle has undergone a paradigmatic process of extension and specification also with regard to minors’ participation in the decision-making process at the end-of life. The aim of the paper is to restate the ethical and legal status of minors as regards decisions at the end of life. The first step will be contextualization of this extension with regard to decisions concerning minors’ health within the framework of the European continental legal tradition. Second, the analysis will focus on the main legally binding and non-binding documents that contribute to outlining minors’ rights at the end of life. Finally, it will argue that whenever minors are involved in sad and painful decisions like the ones at the end of life, parents or the legal representative and physicians should always try to include them in the decision-making process, that is, to decide ‘with’ and not ‘for’ the minor.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices: Governing marine transportation in the Canadian Arctic (Sachs Harbour, Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Northwest Territories community report)
Creators: name: Carter, Natalie Ann
name: Dawson, Jackie
name: Parker, Colleen
name: Cary, Julia
name: Gordon, Holly
name: Kochanowicz, Zuzanna
name: Weber, Melissa
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Low impact shipping corridors
Inuit perspectives
Marine transportation governance
Culturally significant marine areas
Arctic shipping impacts

description: Ship traffic in the Canadian Arctic nearly tripled between 1990 and 2015. The Government of Canada is developing a network of low-impact marine transportation corridors in the Arctic that encourages marine transportation traffic to use routes that pose less risk and minimize the impact on communities and the environment. The Low Impact Shipping Corridors will be a framework to guide future federal investments to support marine navigation safety in the North, including improved charting and increased hydrography, in partnership with Northerners. The corridors initiative is co-led by the Canadian Coast Guard, Transport Canada, and Canadian Hydrographic Service. Key considerations in the current prioritization of the Low Impact Shipping Corridors include identification of Inuit and Northerners’ perspectives on 1) the potential impact of marine vessels on marine areas used for cultural and livelihood activities, and on community members; and 2) potential management strategies for the corridors. This report reflects opinions gathered through participatory mapping, focus group discussions, and interviews with Sachs Harbour community members who were identified by local organizations as key knowledge holders.
title: ADCO, Ordre cistercien et abbaye de Cîteaux : comptes pour l'ordre (1337-1347), comptes du boursier (1377-1402) (11 H 1160), f. 00376
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2017
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP

description: Ordre cistercien et abbaye de Cîteaux : comptes pour l'ordre (1337-1347), comptes du boursier (1377-1402), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1160). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Ordre cistercien et abbaye de Cîteaux : comptes pour l'ordre (1337-1347), comptes du boursier (1377-1402), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1160), f. 00376, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Three sons, 1
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Xumi
subject: sxg
subject: traditional story
subject: translation

description: Elan annotation file for the audio file with the same name. Verified and translated with Waxia Danyong in November 2014. For the moment the annotation file only contains one level of annotation (Xumi), in progress
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Robust Robotic Assembly through Contingencies, Plan Repair and Re-Planning
Creators: name: Heger, Frederik W.
name: Singh, Sanjiv
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Enabling mobile robots to assemble large structures in constrained environments requires planning systems that are both capable of dealing with high complexity and can provide robust execution in the face of run-time failures. We achieve execution robustness through exception handling capabilities that are seamlessly integrated throughout the planning system. Having these recovery mechanisms in place allows us to leverage their capabilities to compensate for problems introduced by approximations made during planning. Turning an apparent problem into an opportunity, we are able to plan complex assembly tasks and execute them robustly without the computational cost associated with more sophisticated planners and apply some of the savings toward recovering from unforeseen run-time errors. We show results where simple planning strategies paired with exception-handling are able to achieve the same outcomes (and in less time) as more elaborate methods would.
On the Efficiency of Thermal Conduction in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Fang, Xiang-Er
name: Guo, Fulai
name: Yuan, Ye-Fei
name: Mou, Guobin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters host a large reservoir of diffuse plasma with radially-varying temperature profiles. The efficiency of thermal conduction in the intracluster medium (ICM) is complicated by the existence of turbulence and magnetic fields, and has received a lot of attention in the literature. Previous studies suggest that the magnetothermal instability developed in outer regions of galaxy clusters would drive magnetic field lines preferentially radial, resulting in efficient conduction along the radial direction. Using a series of spherically-symmetric simulations, here we investigate the impact of thermal conduction on the observed temperature distributions in outer regions of three massive clusters, and find that thermal conduction substantially modifies the ICM temperature profile. Within 3 Gyr, the gas temperature at a representative radius of $0.3r_{500}$ typically decreases by ~10 - 20% and the average temperature slope between $0.3r_{500}$ and $r_{500}$ drops by ~ 30 - 40%, indicating that the observed ICM would not stay in a long-term equilibrium state in the presence of thermal conduction. However, X-ray observations show that the outer regions of massive clusters have remarkably similar radially-declining temperature profiles, suggesting that they should be quite stable. Our study thus suggests that the effective conductivity along the radial direction must be suppressed below the Spitzer value by a factor of 10 or more, unless additional heating sources offset conductive cooling and maintain the observed temperature distributions. Our study provides a smoking-gun evidence for the suppression of parallel conduction along magnetic field lines in low-collisionality plasmas by kinetic mirror or whistler instabilities.
description: Slightly revised version, accepted for publication in ApJ. 11 pages, 7 figures
Autofib Redshift Survey: II -- The Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function by Spectral Type
Creators: name: Heyl, Jeremy
name: Colless, Matthew
name: Ellis, Richard S.
name: Broadhurst, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function (LF) as a function of spectral type using the Autofib redshift survey, a compendium of over 1700 galaxy redshifts in various magnitude-limited samples spanning b_J=11.5-24.0. To carry out this analysis we have developed a cross-correlation technique which classifies faint galaxy spectra into one of six types based on local galaxy templates. Tests and simulations show that this technique yields classifications correct to within one type for more than 90% of the galaxies in our sample. We have also developed extensions of the step-wise maximum likelihood method and the STY parametric method for estimating LFs which are applicable to recovering an evolving LF from multiple samples. We find that: (i) The spectra and LF of E/S0 galaxies show no appreciable evolution out to at least z ~ 0.5. (ii) Early-type spirals show modest evolution, characterised by a gradual steepening of the faint end of their LF with redshift. (iii) Out to z ~ 0.5, the overall evolution of the galaxy population is dominated by changes seen in late-type spirals. The characteristic luminosity (L^*) of these galaxies appears to brighten with redshift and there are signs of strong density evolution (a rapid increase in ϕ^*). These effects appear to be luminosity dependent so that the LF steepens at higher redshift. These trends are accompanied by a steep increase in the median [OII] equivalent width, implying a rapid increase in the star-formation rate with redshift at fixed luminosity---a given star-formation rate is found at higher redshift in galaxies of higher luminosity. We find that these conclusions are robust with respect to spectral classification errors and the luminosity function estimator.
description: LaTeX, 22 pages, 22 figures
Eutanasia e suicidio assistito. L’accertamento della capacità nei pazienti malati di demenza e disturbi mentali.
Creators: name: Suanno, Manuela
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: Euthanasia; physician assisted suicide; mental capacity; mental capacity in dementia patients; mental capacity in mental illness sufferers

description: : In accordance with the legislations concerning the end-of-life situations currently in force, the patient's mental capacity to make the request is an essential requirement for the legitimacy of the euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS) demand. Therefore, the patient should be able to make a free and well-considered request. This article deepens the procedures for mental capacity assessment in patients suffering from dementia and mental disorders, who required access to EAS. In any case, the presence of mental disorder does not compromise the mental capacity automatically. The number of EAS performed against dementia patients and mental illness sufferers, while being very low compared EAS performed against cancer patients, is slightly but continuously increasing. In this context, to avoid the slippery slope, the role of the psychiatrist becomes essential in verifying that the EAS request made by these patients is not the expression of the disease. While the law draws the legislative framework, through the identification of the parameters necessary for a legitimate EAS request, it’s the doctor, in his knowledge and belief, who has the competence to check the presence of these parameters in the patients.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
Three sons, 2
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Xumi
subject: sxg
subject: three sons

description: Elan annotation file for the audio file with the same name. Translated and verified with Waxia Danyong in Novembr 2014. For the moment, the annotation file only contains one layer of annotation (Xumi), in progress
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
The Drell-Yan Process and Factorization in Impact Parameter Space
Creators: name: Brodsky, S. J.
name: Hebecker, A.
name: Quack, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross section for Drell-Yan pair production in the limit of small $x$-target is derived in the rest frame of the target hadron. Our calculation is based on the fundamental quantity $σ(ρ)$, the cross section for the scattering of a $q\bar{q}$-pair with fixed transverse separation $ρ$ off a hadronic target. As in deep inelastic scattering the result can be given in terms of integrals of $σ(ρ)$. This is consistent with well known factorization theorems and also relates higher-twist terms in both processes. An analysis of the angular distribution of the produced lepton shows that additional integrals of $σ(ρ)$ can be obtained in the Drell-Yan process, which are not measurable in inclusive deep inelastic scattering.
description: 17 pages LaTeX, 4 figures included, uses psfig
Gloom and Glee: Analyses of the Provincial and Territorial 2013-2014 Budgets from the Perspective of Arts, Culture and Heritage
Creators: name: Centre On Governance, Canadian Conference Of The Arts
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Arts
Culture
Heritage
Budgets

description: In the world of provincial and territorial Budgets in 2013, some governments delivered good news in the shape of surpluses and lowered taxes. Others delivered bad news, which usually meant deficits and tax increases. However, for the cultural sector, surpluses were not necessarily received with glee, and deficits with gloom. Memories appear to be long in the sector, and as we reviewed the latest provincial and territorial Budgets, all of which were delivered in 2013 except for Quebec’s, which dated from November 2012, we found a certain “path dependency”. What had occurred in the 2012 Budgets often had a continuing impact on support for culture, and the cultural community’s reaction to the 2013 Budgets was sometimes at odds with the news they conveyed.
Robust Regression.
Creators: name: Huang, Dong
name: Cabral, Ricardo Da Silveira
name: Torre, Fernando De La
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discriminative methods (e.g., kernel regression, SVM) have been extensively used to solve problems such as object recognition, image alignment and pose estimation from images. These methods typically map image features ( X) to continuous (e.g., pose) or discrete (e.g., object category) values. A major drawback of existing discriminative methods is that samples are directly projected onto a subspace and hence fail to account for outliers common in realistic training sets due to occlusion, specular reflections or noise. It is important to notice that existing discriminative approaches assume the input variables X to be noise free. Thus, discriminative methods experience significant performance degradation when gross outliers are present. Despite its obvious importance, the problem of robust discriminative learning has been relatively unexplored in computer vision. This paper develops the theory of robust regression (RR) and presents an effective convex approach that uses recent advances on rank minimization. The framework applies to a variety of problems in computer vision including robust linear discriminant analysis, regression with missing data, and multi-label classification. Several synthetic and real examples with applications to head pose estimation from images, image and video classification and facial attribute classification with missing data are used to illustrate the benefits of RR.
Why and how sections 24-26 of the Mental capacity act 2005 on advance decisions need to be reformed
Creators: name: Orlando, Matteo
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: Advance decisions to refuse medical treatment; mental capacity act 2005; precedent autonomy; self-determination; preservation of life

description: In this paper, it is submitted that Sections 24-26 of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 have fallen short of achieving their goals, and should therefore be subject to focused reform. These statutory provisions were aimed at clarifying the scope of the pre-exiting criteria used by common law to establish the existence, validity and applicability of advance refusals of treatment; and at making sure these criteria were applied coherently with the autonomy-based approach that informs the Act. However, the analysis of these Sections as well as of the relevant case law reveals the issues that prevent those objectives from being accomplished. By not introducing clear and explicit presumptions of validity and applicability of the advance decisions, and of capacity of the creator, this piece of law has not effectively tackled the courts’ tendency to adopt a paternalistic approach towards precedent autonomy. Yet, these provisions have established a liability regime for those disregarding advance decisions, which clearly favours preservation of life over autonomy. Lastly, their wording, in some cases, seems to allow the revocation of the advance decision by incompetent patients. Accordingly, it is outlined how each of these flaws should be amended so as to bring Sections 24-26 in line with their legal premise: the primacy given to precedent autonomy.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
The Small $E_8$ Instanton and the Kraft Procesi Transition
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Mekareeya, Noppadol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the simplest $(1,0)$ supersymmetric theories in six dimensions lives on the world volume of one M5 brane at a $D$ type singularity $\mathbb{C}^2/D_k$. The low energy theory is given by an SQCD theory with $Sp(k-4)$ gauge group, a precise number of $2k$ flavors which is anomaly free, and a scale which is set by the inverse gauge coupling. The Higgs branch at finite coupling $\mathcal{H}_f$ is a closure of a nilpotent orbit of $D_{2k}$ and develops many more flat directions as the inverse gauge coupling is set to zero (violating a standard lore that wrongly claims the Higgs branch remains classical). The quaternionic dimension grows by $29$ for any $k$ and the Higgs branch stops being a closure of a nilpotent orbit for $k>4$, with an exception of $k=4$ where it becomes $\overline{{\rm min}_{E_8}}$, the closure of the minimal nilpotent orbit of $E_8$, thus having a rare phenomenon of flavor symmetry enhancement in six dimensions. Geometrically, the natural inclusion of $\mathcal{H}_f \subset \mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ fits into the Brieskorn Slodowy theory of transverse slices, and the transverse slice is computed to be $\overline{{\rm min}_{E_8}}$ for any $k>3$. This is identified with the well known small $E_8$ instanton transition where 1 tensor multiplet is traded with 29 hypermultiplets, thus giving a physical interpretation to the geometric theory. By the analogy with the classical case, we call this the Kraft Procesi transition.
description: 23 pages. Version 3: section 4 added, typos corrected, published in JHEP
Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices: governing marine transportation in the Canadian Arctic (Aklavik, Northwest Territories community report)
Creators: name: Carter, Natalie Ann
name: Dawson, Jackie
name: Parker, Colleen
name: Cary, Julia
name: Gordon, Holly
name: Kochanowicz, Zuzanna
name: Weber, Melissa
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Low impact shipping corridors
Inuit perspectives
Marine transportation governance
Culturally significant marine areas
Arctic shipping impacts

description: Ship traffic in the Canadian Arctic nearly tripled between 1990 and 2015. Corridors have been mapped in the Arctic Ocean as part of the Low Impact Shipping Corridors Initiative co-led by Transport Canada, the Canadian Coast Guard, and Canadian Hydrographic Service. Low impact shipping corridors are the current framework for governing shipping in the Canadian Arctic. The intent of the low impact shipping corridors is to reduce the likelihood of marine incidents by providing predictable levels of service to mariners transiting the corridors. Identification of Inuit and northerners’ perspectives on the potential impacts of marine vessels on marine areas used for cultural and livelihood activities, and on community members, and the inclusion of Inuit and northerners’ voices in the development of potential management strategies for the low impact shipping corridors and Arctic marine transportation are key considerations in the current prioritization of the corridors. This report reflects opinions gathered through participatory mapping, focus group discussions, and interviews with Aklavik community members who were identified by local organizations as key knowledge holders. Analyses were aimed at understanding Inuit and northerners’ perspectives on the potential impacts of marine transportation on local marine use areas and community members, and on identification of potential management strategies for the low impact shipping corridors and for Arctic marine vessels management. This report was validated by the research participants.
Ring Intermittency in Coupled Chaotic Oscillators at the Boundary of Phase Synchronization
Creators: name: Hramov, Alexander E.
name: Koronovskii, Alexey A.
name: Kurovskaya, Maria K.
name: Boccaletti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new type of intermittent behavior is described to occur near the boundary of phase synchronization regime of coupled chaotic oscillators. This mechanism, called ring intermittency, arises for sufficiently high initial mismatches in the frequencies of the two coupled systems. The laws for both the distribution and the mean length of the laminar phases versus the coupling strength are analytically deduced. A very good agreement between the theoretical results and the numerically calculated data is shown. We discuss how this mechanism is expected to take place in other relevant physical circumstances.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Robust Object Grasping using Force Compliant Motion Primitives
Creators: name: Moslem  Kazemi
name: Jean-Sebastien Valois
name: J. Andrew  Bagnell
name: Pollard, Nancy
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address the problem of grasping everyday objects that are small relative to an anthropomorphic hand, such as pens, screwdrivers, cellphones, and hammers from their natural poses on a support surface, e.g., a table top. In such conditions, state of the art grasp generation techniques fail to provide robust, achievable solutions due to either ignoring or trying to avoid contact with the support surface. In contrast, we show that contact with support surfaces is critical for grasping small objects. This also conforms with our anecdotal observations of human grasping behaviors. We develop a simple closed-loop hybrid controller that mimics this interactive, contact-rich strategy by a position-force, pre-grasp and landing strategy for finger placement. The approach uses a compliant control of the hand during the grasp and release of objects in order to preserve safety. We conducted extensive grasping experiments on a variety of small objects with similar shape and size. The results demonstrate that our approach is robust to localization uncertainties and applies to many everyday objects.
Relazione di cura ed Autonomia relazionale. Come rispondere al dolore totale e alla sofferenza: il modello proposto dalle Cure Palliative
Creators: name: Turriziani, Adriana
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: Palliative care; hospice; end of life; disproportionate treatment; therapeutic abstention

description: The principal goal of a Hospice and palliative care is not to cure but to care. The main focus is to improve the quality of life of terminally ill patients by directly treating pain and addressing physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems of patients and families. The philosophy of Hospice care is based on the respect of patient’s au-tonomy, and the holistic vision of patient and family as a single unit of care. In fact, the principal goal of palliative care is to prevent and relieve patients’ and caregivers’ suffering, by addressing and treating not only physical symptoms as pain but also psychosocial, and spiritual needs. The Palliative care approach defined by WHO, pro-vides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms; affirms life and regards dying as a normal process; integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of patient care; offers a support system to help patients live as actively as possible until death; offers a support system to help the family cope during the patients illness and in their own bereavement; uses a team approach to address the needs of patients and their families, including bereavement counselling. It aims to improve quality of life in all life-limiting illness, not just cancer. Is an approach delivered by health care providers and can be deployed by any member of the health care team with appropriate support from Hospice/palliative care specialists as required. The role of physicians in addressing patients who need end-of-life treatment in Hospices is crucial to preserve quality of life of both patients and their families. In order to fully meet patients’ and families’ needs, Hospice care can be provided in any setting, including acute and chronic care facilities, patients’ homes, nursing homes and hospitals. The face of dying is changing and we need to adapt our processes of care to respond to this change.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
Optimizing EPR pulses for broadband excitation and refocusing
Creators: name: Lowe, Eric R.
name: Stoll, Stefan
name: Kestner, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we numerically optimize broadband pulse shapes that maximize Hahn echo amplitudes. Pulses are parameterized as neural networks (NN), nonlinear amplitude limited Fourier series (FS), and discrete time series (DT). These are compared to an optimized choice of the conventional hyperbolic secant (HS) pulse shape. A power constraint is included, as are realistic shape distortions due to power amplifier nonlinearity and the transfer function of the microwave resonator. We find that the NN, FS, and DT parameterizations perform equivalently, offer improvements over the best HS pulses, and contain a large number of equivalent optimal solutions, implying the flexibility to include further constraints or optimization goals in future designs.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
On the Internal Absorption of Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Arabadjis, John S.
name: Bregman, Joel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of the cores of galaxy clusters with the Einstein SSS indicated the presence of absorbing material corresponding to 1E+12 Msun of cold cluster gas, possibly resulting from cooling flows. Since this amount of cold gas is not confirmed by observations at other wavelengths, we examined whether this excess absorption is present in the ROSAT PSPC observations of 20 bright galaxy clusters. For 3/4 of the clusters, successful spectral fits were obtained with absorption due only to the Galaxy, and therefore no extra absorption is needed within the clusters, in disagreement with the results from the Einstein SSS data for some of the same clusters. For 1/4 of the clusters, none of our spectral fits was acceptable, suggesting a more complicated cluster medium than the two-temperature and cooling flow models considered here. However, even for these clusters, substantial excess absorption is not indicated.
description: accepted by the Astrophysical Journal
Testamento biologico e rispetto della dignità umana. Una prospettiva etico-clinica
Creators: name: Comoretto, Nunziata
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: Living will, advanced directives, advance care planning, decision making, clinical ethics

description: The debate concerning the living will and its adoption in clinical practice have taken an echo also in the political arena and in the media context. The ethical and clinical perspective has highlighted some important limitations of the living will, to be taken into account when this decision-making tool is incorporated into clinical practice. In particular, in spite of the fact that the living will is used to lead the doctor-patient relationship to greater patient autonomy, in medical practice it becomes a rather questionable document, which sometimes confuses the medical decision-making. Best suited to the nature and characteristics of the patient-physician relationship seems to be the tool of the "advance care planning". This decision making process is eligible to be an informed expression of will; also he sees the participation of all stakeholders in the clinical setting, in view of a shared decision-making process, safeguarding both the patient's self-determination and the independence caregivers.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
La sperimentazione clinica “con” il minore: il necessario bilanciamento tra diritti individuali e interessi collettivi
Creators: name: Alfonzo, Annarosa
Publisher: name: University of Trento
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biolaw; Clinical trials; Children; Best interest; Informed consent

description: Off-label drug use which causes negative, prejudicial and deadly events in pediatric patients, is the starting point to reflect upon the importance of conducting specific clinical trials for children. It is essential to guarantee the development and the following medicine treatment under safety and efficacy conditions. This paper aims at investigating the legal issues linked to clinical trials in pediatric treatment and verifying the effectiveness and forcefulness of traditional juridical categories. It is crucial to think about new possible juridical tools which are able to weigh between children’s right to be involved in scientific development and their need to be protected and safeguarded, in compliance with the best interest of pediatric patients.
description: BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N° 3 (2016)
The Global Burden of Surgical Disease: An Analysis of Inaccessible Surgical Care in Low and Middle Income Countries
Creators: name: Huynh, Chau
name: Huynh, Minh N. Q.
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: health services
low- and middle-income countries
surgery

description: Worldwide, 4.8 billion people do not have access to safe, adequate surgical care and an-aesthetic management. Surgical care has been deemed “the neglected child of global health,” a startling reminder of the disparities in health services. The provision of surgi-cal interventions can avert 11% of the global burden of disease and 1.5 million deaths each year. Many obstacles exist for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to pro-gress towards accessible surgical care. The first challenge is delivering cost-effective sur-gical care despite financial constraints and political turmoil. Foreign aid was established to alleviate the financial burden and its contributions have been pivotal. However, based on the political climate in certain countries, funds are siphoned to government sectors other than health care. Moreover, the lack of infrastructure, equipment, and personnel in LMIC compound the issue. The other challenge is determining if surgery is as feasible and effective as non-surgical health interventions. Surgical care is crucial and this paper aims to assess the challenges that limit its stature in global health discussions. The paper will address the influence of financing, infrastructure, workforce, service delivery, and information management on surgical care, and the current resolutions, such as humanitarian aid missions.
The X-Ray Background as a Probe of Density Fluctuations at High Redshift
Creators: name: Lahav, Ofer
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Treyer, Marie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-Ray Background (XRB) probes structure on scales intermediate between those explored by local galaxy redshift surveys and by the COBE Microwave Background measurements. We predict the large scale angular fluctuations in the XRB, expressed in terms of spherical harmonics for a range of assumed power-spectra and evolution scenarios. The dipole is due to large scale structure as well as to the observer's motion (the Compton-Getting effect). For a typical observer the two effects turn out to be comparable in amplitude. The coupling of the two effects makes it difficult to use the XRB for independent confirmation of the CMB dipole being due to the observer's motion. The large scale structure dipole (rms per component) relative to the monopole is in the range $a_{1m}/a_{00} \sim (0.5-9.0) \times 10^{-3} $. The spread is mainly due to the assumed redshift evolution scenarios of the X-ray volume emissivity $ρ_x(z)$. The dipole's prediction is consistent with a measured dipole in the HEAO1 XRB map. Typically, the harmonic spectrum drops with $l$ like $a_{lm} \sim l^{-0.4}$. This behaviour allows us to discriminate a true clustering signal against the flux shot noise, which is constant with $l$, and may dominate the signal unless bright resolved sources are removed from the XRB map. We also show that Sachs-Wolfe and Doppler (due to the motion of the sources) effects in the XRB are negligible. Although our analysis focuses on the XRB, the formalism is general and can be easily applied to other cosmological backgrounds.
description: 14 pages, 3 postscript figures, available from ftp://cass41.ast.cam.ac.uk/pub/lahav/xrb accepted for publication in MNRAS