cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Earth-like planet predictor: A machine learning approach
Creators: name: Davoult, Jeanne
name: Eltschinger, Romain
name: Alibert, Yann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Searching for planets analogous to Earth in terms of mass and equilibrium temperature is currently the first step in the quest for habitable conditions outside our Solar System and, ultimately, the search for life in the universe. Future missions such as PLATO or LIFE will begin to detect and characterise these small, cold planets, dedicating significant observation time to them. The aim of this work is to predict which stars are most likely to host an Earth-like planet (ELP) to avoid blind searches, minimises detection times, and thus maximises the number of detections. Using a previous study on correlations between the presence of an ELP and the properties of its system, we trained a Random Forest to recognise and classify systems as 'hosting an ELP' or 'not hosting an ELP'. The Random Forest was trained and tested on populations of synthetic planetary systems derived from the Bern model, and then applied to real observed systems. The tests conducted on the machine learning (ML) model yield precision scores of up to 0.99, indicating that 99% of the systems identified by the model as having ELPs possess at least one. Among the few real observed systems that have been tested, 44 have been selected as having a high probability of hosting an ELP, and a quick study of the stability of these systems confirms that the presence of an Earth-like planet within them would leave them stable. The excellent results obtained from the tests conducted on the ML model demonstrate its ability to recognise the typical architectures of systems with or without ELPs within populations derived from the Bern model. If we assume that the Bern model adequately describes the architecture of real systems, then such a tool can prove indispensable in the search for Earth-like planets. A similar approach could be applied to other planetary system formation models to validate those predictions.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, published in A&A
Population of hot subdwarf stars studied with Gaia III. Catalogue of known hot subdwarf stars: Data Release 2
Creators: name: Geier, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In light of substantial new discoveries of hot subdwarfs by ongoing spectroscopic surveys and the availability of new all-sky data from ground-based photometric surveys and the Gaia mission Data Release 2, we compiled an updated catalogue of the known hot subdwarf stars. The catalogue contains 5874 unique sources including 528 previously unknown hot subdwarfs and provides multi-band photometry, astrometry from Gaia, and classifications based on spectroscopy and colours. This new catalogue provides atmospheric parameters of 2187 stars and radial velocities of 2790 stars from the literature. Using colour, absolute magnitude, and reduced proper motion criteria, we identified 268 previously misclassified objects, most of which are less luminous white dwarfs or more luminous blue horizontal branch and main-sequence stars.
description: 8 pages, A&A accepted
Additional file 1 of To see, meet and adapt – an interview study about physiotherapists’ pedagogical approach to dementia
Creators: name: Nordell, Karin
name: Hellström, Karin
name: Fjellman-Wiklund, Anncristine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide. This document is the interview guide used by the researcher to structure all participant interviews.
Social capital and delinquency in Bagcilar, Turkey
Creators: name: Williams, James L.
name: Cubukcu, Suat
name: Sadri, Mahmound
name: Rodeheaver, Daniel G.
name: Akhter, Morsheda
Publisher: name: International Criminal Justice Review
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: There is a growing literature on social capital and delinquency. Most research has been done in Western industrial countries, has used limited measures of delinquency, and has employed surveys developed locally as opposed to using internationally validated instruments. Using data from the European Youth Survey, this study addresses these limitations by examining the relationship between social capital and self-reported delinquency among Turkish juveniles. The data were collected from a sample of tenth graders in 2007 in Bagcilar neighborhood of Istanbul. Self-reported delinquency was divided into two categories, major and minor, based on the Turkish Penal Code. Social capital was measured by assessing adolescents’ reports of their direct interactions with parents, peers and community. To predict the likelihood of major and minor delinquency independently, two different subsets (n = 1,879 and n = 1,837) of the data were used. Findings indicate that the presence of family social capital and community social capital had significant negative relationships with both major and minor delinquency. The presence of delinquent peers was significantly associated with both increases in major and minor delinquency. Overall, our findings suggest that social capital was negatively related to Turkish juveniles’ self-reported involvement in major and minor delinquent activities.
Unified Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills-Einstein Supergravity Theories in Five Dimensions
Creators: name: Gunaydin, Murat
name: Zagermann, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unified N=2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories (MESGTs) are supergravity theories in which all the vector fields, including the graviphoton, transform in an irreducible representation of a simple global symmetry group of the Lagrangian. As was established long time ago, in five dimensions there exist only four unified Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories whose target manifolds are symmetric spaces. These theories are defined by the four simple Euclidean Jordan algebras of degree three. In this paper, we show that, in addition to these four unified MESGTs with symmetric target spaces, there exist three infinite families of unified MESGTs as well as another exceptional one. These novel unified MESGTs are defined by non-compact (Minkowskian) Jordan algebras, and their target spaces are in general neither symmetric nor homogeneous. The members of one of these three infinite families can be gauged in such a way as to obtain an infinite family of unified N=2 Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories, in which all vector fields transform in the adjoint representation of a simple gauge group of the type SU(N,1). The corresponding gaugings in the other two infinite families lead to Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity theories coupled to tensor multiplets.
description: Latex 2e, 28 pages. v2: reference added, footnote 14 enlarged
Additional file 1 of The experiences, needs and barriers of people with impairments related to usability and accessibility of digital health solutions, levels of involvement in the design process and strategies for participatory and universal design: a scoping review
Creators: name: Henni, Silje Havrevold
name: Maurud, Sigurd
name: Fuglerud, Kristin Skeide
name: Moen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
The United Nations : managing and reshaping a changing world order
Creators: name: Acharya, Amitav
name: Plesch, Dan
Publisher: name: Global Governance
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Global Governance, Volume 26, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 221-235.
Cosmology of intersecting brane world models in Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun Min
name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmological properties of a codimension two brane world that sits at the intersection between two four branes, in the framework of six dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Due to contributions of the Gauss-Bonnet terms, the junction conditions require the presence of localized energy density on the codimension two defect. The induced metric on this surface assumes a FRW form, with a scale factor associated to the position of the brane in the background; we can embed on the codimension two defect the preferred form of energy density. We present the cosmological evolution equations for the three brane, showing that, for the case of pure AdS$_6$ backgrounds, they acquire the same form of the ones for the Randall-Sundrum II model. When the background is different from pure AdS$_6$, the cosmological behavior is potentially modified in respect to the typical one of codimension one brane worlds. We discuss, in a particular model embedded in an AdS$_6$ black hole, the conditions one should satisfy in order to obtain standard cosmology at late epochs.
description: 19 pages, no figures, JHEP style. v2: Typos corrected and references added
The Devolution Revolution: Implications for Agricultural Service Delivery in Ghana
Creators: name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Resnick, Danielle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Ghana
subject: Devolution
subject: Policy assessment

description: In 2009, Ghana began pursuing the devolution of functions and responsibilities from the central government to the country’s 216 Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs). Agriculture was among one of the first sectors to be devolved, a process that became effective in 2012. This paper analyzes how this transition has proceeded, with a focus on the implications for agricultural civil servants within the MMDAs, accountability to citizens, and agricultural expenditures. Empirically, the paper draws on a survey of 960 rural households, 80 District Directors of Agriculture (DDAs), district level budget data from 2012 to 2016, and semi-structured interviews with a range of national and local government stakeholders. The findings show a number of positive benefits of the transition for DDAs, including more opportunities for employment mobility and the chance to engage more with local citizens in designing agricultural projects. Yet, financial constraints are the main complaint, with low and uncertain funding a common hindrance to delivering services and adequately staffing offices. Budget data reveals that the share of funding budgeted for agriculture has changed only marginally since 2012 while agricultural expenditures in absolute terms and as a proportion of agricultural households has declined, even in comparison to other devolved sectors. Political incentives may be partially responsible for these trends in budgeting as elected Assembly members tend to prioritize other sectors with more visible outcomes. Citizens are influenced by these dynamics, with those who have access to agricultural goods and services being significantly more likely to claim that they are satisfied with the agricultural devolution process.
Dynamical Phase Transitions in a 2D Classical Nonequilibrium Model via 2D Tensor Networks
Creators: name: Helms, Phillip
name: Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the power of 2D tensor networks for obtaining large deviation functions of dynamical observables in a classical nonequilibrium setting. Using these methods, we analyze the previously unstudied dynamical phase behavior of the fully 2D asymmetric simple exclusion process with biases in both the x and y directions. We identify a dynamical phase transition, from a jammed to a flowing phase, and characterize the phases and the transition, with an estimate of the critical point and exponents.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Nanotechnologies role in Smart Electrical grids (SG) : Challenges and Opportunities A case study : Sudan existing electrical grids system
Creators: name: Elsmani, Mohammed I
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90607 Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Renewable Power)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Sudan is well known country for having maximum potential of renewable energies exploitation. This potential can be utilized by upgradation of electrical supply, distribution and utilizationmanagement of the existing systems towards smart grids. Smart grids (SG) portray the future paradigm of electrical systems incorporating broad spectrum of renewable energy sources (RE), Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Nanotechnologies. For what concerns the first couple features of smart grids (RE) and (ICTs), nanotechnology has the fundamental penetration into finding out the most reliable material for renewable energies sources and Information and Communication Technologies. In fact, generally, the optimum and cost-effective material selection, manipulation and physical realization are the main challengesfaced by the nanotechnologies for smart grids applications. However, the bright thing is that ongoing researches are being carried out with enormous promising efforts in this field ofspecialization. Accordingly, the existing electrical systems are eager for transformation into smart grids scheme to attain optimum profitability, stability and optimum utilization of energy.Since renewable energies is one of the piles of smart grids, for instance, solar cells or Photovoltaic cells (PV) is evolving to manifest into next generation types. Thanks to newmaterials being viewed from atomic scale point of view. Interestingly, such new materials in this drastic scale such as (carbon nanotubes (CNT) and high energy band gap) is going to turn the conventional PV business upside down due to new PV stream of light weight features, high throughput light to power conversion and definitely low capital and operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost as well.
Ray chaos in optical cavities based upon standard laser mirrors
Creators: name: Aiello, A.
name: van Exter, M. P.
name: Woerdman, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a composite optical cavity made of standard laser mirrors; the cavity consists of a suitable combination of stable and unstable cavities. In spite of its very open nature the composite cavity shows ray chaos, which may be either soft or hard, depending on the cavity configuration. This opens a new, convenient route for experimental studies of the quantum aspects of a chaotic wave field.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Walking the walk : does perceptual congruence between managers and employees promote employee job satisfaction?
Creators: name: Song, Miyeon
name: Meier, Kenneth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Public managers and employees should be on the same page for successful performance. Managers’ self-evaluations of their own management, however, often do not match employees’ evaluations. Despite the consistent findings of a discrepancy between managers’ and employees’ perceptions of management, little research has examined how this perceptual incongruence affects employee job satisfaction. The present study addresses this question using parallel surveys from both managers and employees in the context of public education. The findings suggest managers overestimate their management effectiveness in general. As the perceptual gap between managers and employees increases, employees are less likely to be satisfied with their organization and their profession. We also find that this relationship is nonlinear, and the negative effects of incongruence could be accelerated when employees have considerable consensus about management. This study highlights the role of perceptual congruence in creating a better work environment and promoting job satisfaction for public employees.
Additional file 2 of The impact of loss of PEPFAR support on HIV services at health facilities in low-burden districts in Uganda
Creators: name: Zakumumpa, Henry
name: Paina, Ligia
name: Wilhelm, Jess
name: Ssengooba, Freddie
name: Ssegujja, Eric
name: Mukuru, Moses
name: Bennett, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary file 2. FGD guide with patients.
Additional file 2 of The experiences, needs and barriers of people with impairments related to usability and accessibility of digital health solutions, levels of involvement in the design process and strategies for participatory and universal design: a scoping review
Creators: name: Henni, Silje Havrevold
name: Maurud, Sigurd
name: Fuglerud, Kristin Skeide
name: Moen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Additional file 2.
Giant Single-Molecule Magnets: A Mn84 Torus and its Supramolecular Nanotubes
Creators: name: Tasiopoulos, A. J.
name: Vinslava, A.
name: Wernsdorfer, W.
name: Abboud, K. A.
name: Christou, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery a decade ago that individual molecules can function as magnetizable magnets provided a new, 'bottom-up' approach to nanoscale magnetic materials, and such molecules have since been called single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Each molecule functions as a nanoscale, single-domain magnetic particle that, below its blocking temperature (TB), exhibits the classical macroscale property of a magnet, namely magnetization hysteresis. In addition, they straddle the classical/quantum interface in also displaying quantum tunnelling of magnetization (QTM) and quantum phase interference, the properties of the atomic or microscale. SMMs have a number of potential applications, including very high density information storage, where each bit would be stored as the magnetization orientation of an individual molecule, and as quantum bits for quantum computing, taking advantage of the quantum superposition of states provided by the QTM. To facilitate development of techniques for addressing individual SMMs for such applications, and other reasons, it has been of interest to us to explore whether very large examples (by molecular standards) could be synthesized. In effect, can the molecular (or 'bottom-up') approach reach the size regime of the classical (or 'top-down') approach to nanoscale magnetic materials? Indeed, here we sure that a giant Mn84 SMM can be prepared with a torus structure of 4 nm dimensions, that it displays both magnetization hysteresis and QTM, and that it crystallizes as highly ordered, supramolecular nanotubes.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Walking the walk : does perceptual congruence between managers and employees promote employee job satisfaction?
Creators: name: Song, Miyeon
name: Meier, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Review of Public Personnel Administration
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: Public managers and employees should be on the same page for successful performance. Managers’ self-evaluations of their own management, however, often do not match employees’ evaluations. Despite the consistent findings of a discrepancy between managers’ and employees’ perceptions of management, little research has examined how this perceptual incongruence affects employee job satisfaction. The present study addresses this question using parallel surveys from both managers and employees in the context of public education. The findings suggest managers overestimate their management effectiveness in general. As the perceptual gap between managers and employees increases, employees are less likely to be satisfied with their organization and their profession. We also find that this relationship is nonlinear, and the negative effects of incongruence could be accelerated when employees have considerable consensus about management. This study highlights the role of perceptual congruence in creating a better work environment and promoting job satisfaction for public employees.
On the Complementarity of Higgs and Radion Searches at LHC
Creators: name: Battaglia, Marco
name: De Curtis, Stefania
name: De Roeck, Albert
name: Dominici, Daniele
name: Gunion, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models with 3-branes in extra dimensions typically imply the existence of a radion, phi that can mix with the Higgs, h, thereby modifying the Higgs properties and the prospects for its detectability at the LHC. The presence of the phi will extend the scope of the LHC searches. Detection of both the phi and the h might be possible. In this paper, we study the complementarity of the observation of gg -> h, with h -> gamma gamma or h -> ZZ -> 4 leptons, and gg -> phi -> ZZ -> 4 leptons at the LHC in the context of the Randall-Sundrum model. The potential for determining the nature of the detected scalar(s) at the LHC and at an e+e- linear collider is discussed, both separately and in combination.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The intrafirm complexity of systemically important financial institutions
Creators: name: Lumsdaine, Robin L.
name: Rockmore, Daniel N.
name: Foti, Nicholas J.
name: Leibon, Gregory
name: Farmer, J.D.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In November 2011, the Financial Stability Board, in collaboration with the International Monetary Fund, published a list of 29 “systemically important financial institutions” (SIFIs, now referred to as “globally systemically important banks” or G-SIBs), institutions whose failure, by virtue of “their size, complexity, and systemic interconnectedness”, could have dramatic negative consequences for the global financial system. While “size” and “interconnectedness” have been the subject of much quantitative analysis, less attention has been paid to measuring “complexity.” Yet without a consistent way to measure complexity, there is little guarantee that the designated SIFIs capture the complexity that the FSB is concerned about, and little hope of mitigating the consequences that the FSB warns of. In this paper we propose the structure of an individual firm’s majority-control hierarchy as a proxy for institutional complexity. We demonstrate as a proof-of-concept how this method might be used by bank supervisors, particularly the Federal Reserve under its authority as consolidated supervisor, using a data set containing information on the majority-control hierarchies of many of the designated SIFIs. Our mathematical intrafirm network representation (and various associated metrics we propose) provides a uniform way to compare firms with often very disparate organizational structures – one that is distinct from a simple size comparison.
The intrafirm complexity of systemically important financial institutions
Creators: name: Lumsdaine, Robin L.
name: Rockmore, Daniel N.
name: Foti, Nicholas J.
name: Leibon, Gregory
name: Farmer, J.D.
Publisher: name: Journal of Financial Stability
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3502
subject: Banking, finance and investment

description: In November 2011, the Financial Stability Board, in collaboration with the International Monetary Fund, published a list of 29 “systemically important financial institutions” (SIFIs, now referred to as “globally systemically important banks” or G-SIBs), institutions whose failure, by virtue of “their size, complexity, and systemic interconnectedness”, could have dramatic negative consequences for the global financial system. While “size” and “interconnectedness” have been the subject of much quantitative analysis, less attention has been paid to measuring “complexity.” Yet without a consistent way to measure complexity, there is little guarantee that the designated SIFIs capture the complexity that the FSB is concerned about, and little hope of mitigating the consequences that the FSB warns of. In this paper we propose the structure of an individual firm’s majority-control hierarchy as a proxy for institutional complexity. We demonstrate as a proof-of-concept how this method might be used by bank supervisors, particularly the Federal Reserve under its authority as consolidated supervisor, using a data set containing information on the majority-control hierarchies of many of the designated SIFIs. Our mathematical intrafirm network representation (and various associated metrics we propose) provides a uniform way to compare firms with often very disparate organizational structures – one that is distinct from a simple size comparison.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes, co-occurring psychiatric symptoms and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents receiving substance abuse treatment
Creators: name: Regan, Timothy
name: Tubman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Adolescents entering substance abuse treatment report clustered psychiatric symptoms and sexual risk behaviors representing differential levels of impairment and risk for maladaptive health outcomes. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes among adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment; To document group differences in (a) past-year psychiatric symptom scores and (b) sexual risk behaviors by ADHD subtype and gender. Methods: Self-report data were collected via structured interviews from 394 adolescents (280 males, M = 16.33 years, SD = 1.15 years), enrolled in an HIV/STI risk reduction intervention for adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment. ADHD diagnostic subtypes and other past-year psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Michigan Version of the Composite Internal Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI). Adolescents provided self-report data on sexual risk behaviors. Results: Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) documented that Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD subtypes were significantly associated with higher scores for all past-year psychiatric symptoms. The combined ADHD subtype was significantly associated with higher scores for all psychiatric symptoms except affective disorder. Girls reported significantly higher mean symptoms than boys for alcohol abuse and dependence, anxiety, and affective disorder symptoms. Sexual risk behavior scores were not associated with ADHD status, but girls reported consistently higher scores for multiple risk behavior outcomes. Several psychiatric disorder symptoms were significant covariates of multiple sexual risk behaviors. Conclusion/Importance: Brief screenings for ADHD, other psychiatric disorders and sexual risk behaviors can provide data for tailoring substance abuse services to improve adolescent health outcomes for high-risk subgroups.
System Dynamics Modelling of Maize Production under Future Climate Scenarios in Kaduna, Nigeria
Creators: name: Sanga, Udita
name: Olabisi, Laura Schmitt
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
name: Sanga, Udita
name: Olabisi, Laura Schmitt
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Nigeria
subject: Maize
subject: Modelling
subject: Climage change
subject: Resilience
subject: Scenarios

description: Nigeria is the second largest producer of maize on the African continent with more than 5 million hectares of land under maize production and an annual area and yield growth rate of 4.1 % and 2.7% respectively (Beyene et al., 2016). However, maize yields in sub-Saharan African countries, including Nigeria, remain low compared with global averages. Yields may be further impacted by shifts in temperature and rainfall under climate change in the coming several decades, given that most maize in Nigeria is rainfed. We used a system dynamics model combined with stakeholder input to simulate maize production in Kaduna state, Nigeria, under a range of scenarios including 1) adoption of hybrid early maturing maize varieties; 2) optimal fertilizer use; and 3) shifts in climate regimes. System dynamics modeling is a technique which allows researchers to investigate the future state of a complex system with both social and ecological components. Our goal with this model was not to replicate the accuracy of yield prediction generated by data-intensive agronomic models, but to build a tool for supporting policy decisions in the region while incorporating socio-ecological dynamics and stakeholder insights. Overall, the model suggests that agricultural policies with respect to maize production should focus on developing and disseminating knowledge and accessibility of early maturing /drought tolerant maize varieties alongside efforts to promote more efficient integrated fertilizer management strategies (such as mixed organic and conventional fertilizers) which increase the agronomic use efficiency of EM hybrid maize varieties. However, even under these optimal efforts to improve maize production in the face of climate change, maize productivity is expected to first rise, and then decline by mid-century under expected precipitation and temperature shifts, demonstrating an inverted U-shaped curve. In the context of a growing population, and therefore a growing demand for food, in Kaduna and in Nigeria more broadly, the results of this study imply the need for a diversification of the agricultural sector towards staple crops that will be less climate-sensitive than maize. This is consistent with other recent agronomic modeling work in sub-Saharan Africa which has found that climate change could severely impact staple food crop production, even under scenarios of technological advancement and fertilizer use (Ittersum et al. 2016; Sulser et al. 2014).
Exploring Maize Production in Nigeria Under Climate Change Using System Dynamics
Creators: name: Olabisi, Laura Schmitt
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
name: Olajide, Adeola
name: Olabisi, Laura Schmitt
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
name: Olajide, Adeola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Maize
subject: Nigeria
subject: Climate change
subject: Resilience

description: • Under the baseline model run (without climate change), net production of maize in Nigeria (that is, production – national consumption) is expected to increase approximately three-fold by 2064. • Model output is consistent with meta modeling studies that demonstrate potential yield losses of up to 50% by mid-century in West Africa under climate change, with the median yield loss at 11%.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes, co-occurring psychiatric symptoms and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents receiving substance abuse treatment
Creators: name: Regan, Timothy
name: Tubman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Substance Use and Misuse
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Adolescents entering substance abuse treatment report clustered psychiatric symptoms and sexual risk behaviors representing differential levels of impairment and risk for maladaptive health outcomes. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes among adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment; To document group differences in (a) past-year psychiatric symptom scores and (b) sexual risk behaviors by ADHD subtype and gender. Methods: Self-report data were collected via structured interviews from 394 adolescents (280 males, M = 16.33 years, SD = 1.15 years), enrolled in an HIV/STI risk reduction intervention for adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment. ADHD diagnostic subtypes and other past-year psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Michigan Version of the Composite Internal Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI). Adolescents provided self-report data on sexual risk behaviors. Results: Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) documented that Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD subtypes were significantly associated with higher scores for all past-year psychiatric symptoms. The combined ADHD subtype was significantly associated with higher scores for all psychiatric symptoms except affective disorder. Girls reported significantly higher mean symptoms than boys for alcohol abuse and dependence, anxiety, and affective disorder symptoms. Sexual risk behavior scores were not associated with ADHD status, but girls reported consistently higher scores for multiple risk behavior outcomes. Several psychiatric disorder symptoms were significant covariates of multiple sexual risk behaviors. Conclusion/Importance: Brief screenings for ADHD, other psychiatric disorders and sexual risk behaviors can provide data for tailoring substance abuse services to improve adolescent health outcomes for high-risk subgroups.
Quark-antiquark production from classical fields and chemical equilibration
Creators: name: Gelis, F.
name: Kajantie, K.
name: Lappi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute by numerical integration of the Dirac equation the number of quark-antiquark pairs produced in the classical color fields of colliding ultrarelativistic nuclei. The backreaction of the created pairs on the color fields is not taken into account. While the number of qqbar pairs is parametrically suppressed in the coupling constant, we find that in this classical field model it could even be compatible with the thermal ratio to the number of gluons. After isotropization one could thus have quark-gluon plasma in chemical equilibrium.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, contribution to proceedings of Quark Matter 2005, Budapest, Aug 4-9
Additional file 1 of The effectiveness of supervision strategies to improve health care provider practices in low- and middle-income countries: secondary analysis of a systematic review
Creators: name: Rowe, Samantha Y.
name: Ross-Degnan, Dennis
name: Peters, David H.
name: Holloway, Kathleen A.
name: Rowe, Alexander K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Methodological details and additional results.
Intrahousehold Productivity Differentials and Land Quality in the Sudanian Savanna of Mali
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Theriault, Veronique
name: Haider, Hamza
name: Kergna, Alpha
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Theriault, Veronique
name: Haider, Hamza
name: Kergna, Alpha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Gender
subject: Fertilizer
subject: Mali
subject: Input

description: 1. We find little evidence that intra-household allocation of fertilizer is inefficient when we are able to control for land quality. 2. Gender and generation gaps in productivity persist but lessen as we control for land quality. 3. Women’s fields may be less fertile, but productivity differentials may also reflect distinctive objectives and modes of production.
Lepton Flavor Violation without Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Cirigliano, V.
name: Kurylov, A.
name: Ramsey-Musolf, M. J.
name: Vogel, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes mu -> e gamma, mu -> 3e, and mu -> e conversion in nuclei in the left-right symmetric model without supersymmetry and perform the first complete computation of the LFV branching ratios B(mu -> f) to leading non-trivial order in the ratio of left- and right-handed symmetry breaking scales. To this order, B(mu -> e gamma) and B(mu -> e) are governed by the same combination of LFV violating couplings, and their ratio is naturally of order unity. We also find B(mu -> 3 e)/B(mu -> e) \sim 100 under slightly stronger assumptions. Existing limits on the branching ratios already substantially constrain mass splittings and/or mixings in the heavy neutrino sector. When combined with future collider studies and precision electroweak measurements, improved limits on LFV processes will test the viability of low-scale, non-supersymmetric LFV scenarios.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Renormalization group flows and continual Lie algebras
Creators: name: Bakas, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the renormalization group flows of two-dimensional metrics in sigma models and demonstrate that they provide a continual analogue of the Toda field equations based on the infinite dimensional algebra G(d/dt;1). The resulting Toda field equation is a non-linear generalization of the heat equation, which is integrable in target space and shares the same dissipative properties in time. We provide the general solution of the renormalization group flows in terms of free fields, via Backlund transformations, and present some simple examples that illustrate the validity of their formal power series expansion in terms of algebraic data. We study in detail the sausage model that arises as geometric deformation of the O(3) sigma model, and give a new interpretation to its ultra-violet limit by gluing together two copies of Witten's two-dimensional black hole in the asymptotic region. We also provide some new solutions that describe the renormalization group flow of negatively curved spaces in different patches, which look like a cane in the infra-red region. Finally, we revisit the transition of a flat cone C/Z_n to the plane, as another special solution, and note that tachyon condensation in closed string theory exhibits a hidden relation to the infinite dimensional algebra G(d/dt;1) in the regime of gravity. Its exponential growth holds the key for the construction of conserved currents and their systematic interpretation in string theory, but they still remain unknown.
description: latex, 73pp including 14 eps figs
Efficient Bayesian Inference for Learning in the Ising Linear Perceptron and Signal Detection in CDMA
Creators: name: Neirotti, Juan P.
name: Saad, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient new Bayesian inference technique is employed for studying critical properties of the Ising linear perceptron and for signal detection in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The approach is based on a recently introduced message passing technique for densely connected systems. Here we study both critical and non-critical regimes. Results obtained in the non-critical regime give rise to a highly efficient signal detection algorithm in the context of CDMA; while in the critical regime one observes a first order transition line that ends in a continuous phase transition point. Finite size effects are also studied.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Priors for genotyping polyploids
Creators: name: Gerard, David
name: Ventorim Ferrão, Luís Felipe
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Motivation: Empirical Bayes techniques to genotype polyploid organisms usually either (i) assume technical artifacts are known a priori or (ii) estimate technical artifacts simultaneously with the prior genotype distribution. Case (i) is unappealing as it places the onus on the researcher to estimate these artifacts, or to ensure that there are no systematic biases in the data. However, as we demonstrate with a few empirical examples, case (ii) makes choosing the class of prior genotype distributions extremely important. Choosing a class is either too flexible or too restrictive results in poor genotyping performance. Results: We propose two classes of prior genotype distributions that are of intermediate levels of flexibility: the class of proportional normal distributions and the class of unimodal distributions. We provide a complete characterization of and optimization details for the class of unimodal distributions. We demonstrate, using both simulated and real data that using these classes results in superior genotyping performance. Availability and implementation: Genotyping methods that use these priors are implemented in the updog R package available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network: https://cran.r-project.org/package¼updog. All code needed to reproduce the results of this article is available on GitHub: https://github.com/dcgerard/reproduce_prior_sims.
Molecular states observed in a single pair of strongly coupled self-assembled InAs quantum dots
Creators: name: Ota, T.
name: Stopa, M.
name: Rontani, M.
name: Hatano, T.
name: Yamada, K.
name: Tarucha, S.
name: Song, H. Z.
name: Nakata, Y.
name: Miyazawa, T.
name: Ohshima, T.
name: Yokoyama, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular states in a SINGLE PAIR of strongly coupled self-assembled InAs quantum dots are investigated using a sub-micron sized single electron transistor containing just a few pairs of coupled InAs dots embedded in a GaAs matrix. We observe a series of well-formed Coulomb diamonds with charging energy of less than 5 meV, which are much smaller than those reported previously. This is because electrons are occupied in molecular states, which are spread over both dots and occupy a large volume. In the measurement of ground and excited state single electron transport spectra with magnetic field, we find that the electrons are sequentially trapped in symmetric and anti-symmetric states. This result is well-explained by numerical calculation using an exact diagonalization method.
description: PDF file only. 10 pages, 3 figures. In press on Superlattices and Microstructures. Proceedings of 6-th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscopic Systems and 4-th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices, 1-5 December 2003, Maui, Hawaii
The Transformation of Value Chains in Africa: Evidence from the First Large Survey of Maize Traders
Creators: name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Sanou, Awa
name: Ogunleye, Wale
name: Ogunbayo, Iredele
name: Omonona, Bolarin T.
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Sanou, Awa
name: Ogunleye, Wale
name: Ogunbayo, Iredele
name: Omonona, Bolarin T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Maize
subject: Nigeria
subject: Value chain
subject: Traders

description: • The urban food security of Nigeria (and of million rural maize farmers and consumers) is conditioned, mediated, determined by traders. • The north-south long supply chain of maize is crucial to the country’s food security and its performance is in the hands of traders and conditioned by the quality of infrastructure and services. • Contrary to traditional views, traders rely on a well-developed third party logistics service sector market, and a warehouse rental market. • Extremely little (less than 1%) waste/loss of maize in the supply chain which mainly consists of handling of bags of maize. • Trader credit (advances) to farmers is near absent. • Traders and the trade and logistic segments of the maize value chain warrant more attention by researchers and policy makers.
Priors for genotyping polyploids
Creators: name: Gerard, David
name: Ventorim Ferrão, Luís Felipe
Publisher: name: Bioinformatics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3102
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology

description: Motivation: Empirical Bayes techniques to genotype polyploid organisms usually either (i) assume technical artifacts are known a priori or (ii) estimate technical artifacts simultaneously with the prior genotype distribution. Case (i) is unappealing as it places the onus on the researcher to estimate these artifacts, or to ensure that there are no systematic biases in the data. However, as we demonstrate with a few empirical examples, case (ii) makes choosing the class of prior genotype distributions extremely important. Choosing a class is either too flexible or too restrictive results in poor genotyping performance. Results: We propose two classes of prior genotype distributions that are of intermediate levels of flexibility: the class of proportional normal distributions and the class of unimodal distributions. We provide a complete characterization of and optimization details for the class of unimodal distributions. We demonstrate, using both simulated and real data that using these classes results in superior genotyping performance. Availability and implementation: Genotyping methods that use these priors are implemented in the updog R package available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network: https://cran.r-project.org/package¼updog. All code needed to reproduce the results of this article is available on GitHub: https://github.com/dcgerard/reproduce_prior_sims.
Resonant decay of flat directions
Creators: name: Postma, Marieke
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study preheating, i.e., non-perturbative resonant decay, of flat direction fields, concentrating on MSSM flat directions and the right handed sneutrino. The difference between inflaton preheating and flaton preheating, is that the potential is more constraint in the latter case. The effects of a complex driving field, quartic couplings in the potential, and the presence of a thermal bath are important and cannot be neglected. Preheating of MSSM flat directions is typically delayed due to out-of-phase oscillations of the real and imaginary components and may be preceded by perturbative decay or $Q$-ball formation. Particle production due to the violation of adiabaticity is expected to be inefficient due to back reaction effects. For a small initial sneutrino VEV, $ \lesssim m_N/h$ with $m_N$ the mass of the right handed sneutrino and $h$ a yakawa coupling, there are tachyonic instabilities. The $D$-term quartic couplings do not generate an effective mass for the tachyonic modes, making it an efficient decay channel. It is unclear how thermal scattering affects the resonance.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures