cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of defect creation on sheet glass by particle impact and its influence on stray light
Creators: name: Holtmann, Klaus Heinrich
name: Frischat, Günther Heinz
name: Ruppert, Karl
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Stray light on the windshields of automotive vehicles, caused by the impact of small particles, imposes severe safety hazards during night driving. Due to reduced contrast by stray light, nonilluminated objects are perceived much later than through pristine windshields. The objective of this paper therefore is to show the dependence of stray light on impact velocity, impact angle, particle shape and the mechanical properties of the impacting particle and the target material. Single and multiple impacts of SiC (≈1 mg/particle) and quartz sand (≈ 0.7 mg/particle) on ordinary and strengthened float glass under angles of 30°, 45° and 90° and velocities between 50 and 200 km/h were investigated. Profilometer and various methods of stray light measurement, such as total integrated scattering, were used. Based on the correlation between surface roughness and stray light, it can be proved that the amount of stray light is proportional to the ratio of impact volume to the area of the undamaged surface. Caiculating the contact pressure during impact on the target for Sharp and rounded particles in dependence on velocity and impact angle and applying the fracture mechanical criteria for the formation of lateral cracks allows the modeling of the impact volume for the various combinations of particle and target contacts and thus an estimation of the stray light to be expected. Comparison of the model calculation with experimental data exhibits good agreement. Both sets of data show an increase in the amount of damage with increasing velocity and steeper impact angle. The damage caused by SiC is always more severe than the damage by quartz sand. Increasing the fracture toughness of the target material reduces the extent of the damage by about 10%. Α more pronounced reducdon of stray light and mechanical deterioration of up to 60% in comparison to normal float glass can be achieved by a newly developed composite material, consisting of a 0.2 mm thick glass, a 0.36 mm thick layer of PVB, and a float glass Substrate of 3 mm thickness.
Unitary Symmetry-Protected Non-Abelian Statistics of Majorana Modes
Creators: name: Hong, Jian-Song
name: Poon, Ting-Fung Jeffrey
name: Zhang, Long
name: Liu, Xiong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetry-protected topological superconductors (TSCs) can host multiple Majorana zero modes (MZMs) at their edges or vortex cores, while whether the Majorana braiding in such systems is non-Abelian in general remains an open question. Here we uncover in theory the unitary symmetry-protected non-Abelian statisitcs of MZMs and propose the experimental realization. We show that braiding two vortices with each hosting $N$ unitary symmetry-protected MZMs generically reduces to $N$ independent sectors, with each sector braiding two different Majorana modes. This renders the unitary symmetry-protected non-Abelian statistics. As a concrete example, we demonstrate the proposed non-Abelian statistics in a spin-triplet TSC which hosts two MZMs at each vortex and, interestingly, can be precisely mapped to a quantum anomalous Hall insulator. Thus the unitary symmetry-protected non-Abelian statistics can be verified in the latter insulating phase, with the application to realizing various topological quantum gates being studied. Finally, we propose a novel experimental scheme to realize the present study in an optical Raman lattice. Our work opens a new route for Majorana-based topological quantum computation.
description: Main text (5+pages, 4 figures) and Supplementary Material (5+pages, 2 figures); Discussions and refs are updated
ผลิตภัณฑ์จากเชือก:รูปแบบการบูรณาการพระพุทธศาสนากับศาสตร์สมัยใหม่ในการพัฒนาสัมมาชีพสู่ระดับสากลด้วยภูมิปัญญาท้องถิ่นทางวัฒนธรรมชุมชนในจังหวัดนครราชสีมา
Creators: name: มนัสพล ยังทะเล
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตขอนแก่น
Year: 2021
Subjects: ผลิตภัณฑ์หัตถกรรมจากเชือก
การบูรณาการพุทธธรรม

description: วารสารวิชาการธรรมทรรศน์, 21, 4, 13-22
Modelling, Solution and Evaluation Techniques for Train Timetable Rescheduling via Optimisation
Creators: name: Reynolds, Edwin
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2021

description: It is common on railways for a single train delay to cause other trains to become delayed, multiplying the negative consequences of the original problem. However, making appropriate changes to the timetable in response to the initial delay can help to reduce the amount of further delay caused. In this thesis, we tackle the Train Timetable Rescheduling Problem (TTRP), the task of finding the best combination of timetable changes to make in any given traffic scenario. The TTRP can be formulated as an optimisation problem and solved computationally to aid the process of railway traffic control. Although this approach has received considerable research attention, the practical deployment of optimisation methods for the TTRP has hitherto been limited. In this thesis, we identify and address three outstanding research challenges that remain barriers to deployment. First, we find that existing TTRP models for large station areas are either not sufficiently realistic or cannot be solved quickly enough to be used in a real-time environment. In response, a new TTRP model is introduced that models the signalling system in station areas in fine detail. Using a new set of real instances from Doncaster station, we show that our tailored solution algorithm can obtain provably optimal or near-optimal solutions in sufficiently short times. Second, we argue that existing ways of modelling train speed in TTRP models are either unrealistic, overly complex, or lead to models that cannot be solved in real-time. To address this, innovative extensions are made to our TTRP model that allow speed to be modelled parsimoniously. Real instances for Derby station are used to demonstrate that these modelling enhancements do not incur any extra computational cost. Finally, a lack of evidence is identified concerning the fairness of TTRP models with respect to competing train operators. New evaluation techniques are developed to fill this gap, and these techniques are applied to a case study of Doncaster station. We find that unfairness is present when efficiency is maximised, and find that it mostly results from competition between a small number of operators. Moreover, we find that fairness can be improved up to a point by increasing the priority given to local trains. This work represents an important step forward in optimisation techniques for the TTRP. Our results, obtained using real instances from both Doncaster and Derby stations, add significantly to the body of evidence showing that optimisation is a viable approach for the TTRP. In the long run this will make deployment of such technology more likely.
Optimizing the geometry of aerodynamic lens injectors for single-particle coherent diffractive imaging of gold nanoparticles
Creators: name: Worbs, Lena
name: Roth, Nils
name: Luebke, Jannik
name: Estillore, Armando
name: Paulraj, Lourdu Xavier
name: Samanta, Amit Kumar
name: Küpper, Jochen
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021

description: Single-particle x-ray diffractive imaging (SPI) of small (bio-)nanoparticles (NPs) requires optimized injectors to collect sufficient diffraction patterns to reconstruct the NP structure with high resolution. Typically, aerodynamic-lens-stack injectors are used for single NP injection. However, current injectors were developed for larger NPs (100 nm) and their ability to generate high-density NP beams suffers with decreasing NP size. Here, an aerodynamic-lens-stack injector with variable geometry and the geometry-optimization procedure are presented. The optimization for 50 nmgold NP (AuNP) injection using a numerical simulation infrastructure capable of calculating the carrier gas flow and the particle trajectories through the injector is introduced. The simulations are experimentally validated using spherical AuNPs and sucrose NPs. In addition, the optimized injector is compared to the standard-installation “Uppsala-injector” for AuNPs and results for these heavy particles show a shift in the particle-beam focus position rather than a change in beam size, which results in a lower gas background for the optimized injector. Optimized aerodynamic-lens stack injectors will allow to increase NP beam density, reduce the gas background, discover the limits of current injectors, and contribute to structure determination of small NPs using SPI.
Oxynitride glasses
Creators: name: Navarro, José María Fernández
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The present work is a review of the numerous nitridation experiments which have been carried out in different glass forming Systems. After a brief introduction to the topic of the solubility of nitrogen in glass melts, the nitridation procedures and the different ways of incorporating nitrogen into the glass network are described. Also considered is the increasing cross-linking structure due to the incoφOΓation of nitrogen. This involves a rise of the transition temperature, a decrease of the thermal expansion coefficient, and an improvement of the mechanical properties as well as of the chemical durability of the oxynitride glasses, depending closely on the nitrogen content. Some experiments on preparation of oxynitride glasses via the sol-gel procedure are also described. Due to their properdes the oxynitride glasses have been employed in several specific technical fields.
study of structural modification in extruded and heat-treated lithium disilicate glasses by the method of radiation color centers chronospectroscopy
Creators: name: Arbuz, Valerii I.
name: Carl, Gunter
name: Rüssel, Christian
name: Durschang, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Samples of extruded and non-extruded lithium disilicate glasses were studied. Extruded glass samples were cut out along and across the extrusion axis of fmished cylindrical rods. For all the samples, spectra of radiation-induced absorption, Δα(E), were measured for various time instants after the cessation of X-irradiation. On the data basis obtained, kinetic dependences. Δα = f(t), were plotted and analyzed. In the diagram "Δα versus lgt", they are represented by straight hnes. Each of them is falling down with its own constant slope a. These a's are rate parameters of the decay of radiation color centers (CCs). They appear to be functions of average distances between recombinating electron and hole CCs. The above α-parameter decreases when passing from the longitudinal cut extruded glass sample to the sample of the non-extruded glass and finally to the transversely cut extruded glass sample. These data mean that, in the course of extrusion, the glass structure becomes less dense in the axial direction of extruded glass rods and more dense in the radial one. Α 4-hour heat treatment at 465 °C (≈5°C above the glass transformation temperature, Tg) eliminated the above anisotropy of radiation properties in extruded glasses and forced their anisometric structures to return to the isometric State characteristic of the non-extruded glass.
Predicting Anomalous Quantum Confinement Effect in van der Waals Materials
Creators: name: Choudhary, Kamal
name: Tavazza, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials with van der Waals-bonding are known to exhibit quantum confinement effect, in which the electronic bandgap of the three-dimensional (3D) realization of a material is lower than that of its two-dimensional (2D) counterpart. However, the possibility of an anomalous quantum confinement effect (AQCE) exists, where the bandgap trend is reversed. In this work, we computationally identify materials for which such AQCE occurs. Using density functional theory (DFT), we compute ~1000 OptB88vdW (semi-local functional), ~50 HSE06 and ~50 PBE0 (hybrid functional) bandgaps for bulk and their corresponding monolayers in the JARVIS-DFT database. OptB88vdW identifies 65 AQCE materials, but the hybrid functionals only confirm such finding in 14 cases. Some of the AQCE systems identified through HSE06 and PBE0 are: hydroxides or oxide hydroxide compounds (AlOH2, Mg(OH)2, Mg2H2O3, Ni(OH)2, SrH2O3) as well as Sb-halogen-chalcogenide compounds (SbSBr, SbSeI) and alkali-chalcogenides (RbLiS and RbLiSe). A detailed electronic structure analysis, based on band-structure and projected density of states, shows AQCE is often characterized by lowering of the conduction band in the monolayer and corresponding changes in the pz electronic orbital contribution, with z being the non-periodic direction in the 2D case. We believe our computational results would spur the effort to validate the results experimentally and will have impact on bandgap engineering applications based on low-dimensional materials.
REAPOR® - Sintered open-pore glass foam as a high-strength sound absorber
Creators: name: Gödeke, Holger
name: Fuchs, Helmut V.
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The market for sound insulation products and Services, accounting for some 6000 mill. DM per annum in Germany alone, is covered to the extent of more than 90% by developments which are over 40 years old. Experts at the Fraunhofer Insdtute for Building Physics (IBP) (Director: Prof Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Dr. E. h. mult. K. Gertis) have, together with an increasing number of small to medium-sized licensees, concentrated on the development of alternative, fibre-free absorbers (ALFA). The aim is to thus reduce noise pollution with more efficient sound-proofing technologies even in cases where traditional sound insulation materials are at a disadvantage as regards fitting and durabihty.
Predicting atomic dopant solvation in helium clusters: the MgHe$_n$ case
Creators: name: Mella, Massimo
name: Calderoni, Gabriele
name: Cargnoni, Fausto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum Monte Carlo study of the solvation and spectroscopic properties of the Mg doped helium clusters MgHe$_n$ with $n=2-50$. Three high level (MP4, CCSD(T) and CCSDT) MgHe interaction potentials have been used to study the sensitivity of the dopant location on the shape of the pair interaction. Despite the similar MgHe well depth, the pair distribution functions obtained in the diffusion Monte Carlo simulations markedly differ for the three pair potentials, therefore indicating different solubility properties for Mg in He$_n$. Moreover, we found interesting size effects for the behavior of the Mg impurity. As a sensitive probe of the solvation properties, the Mg excitation spectra have been simulated for various cluster sizes and compared with the available experimental results. The interaction between the excited $^1$P Mg atom and the He moiety has been approximated using the Diatomics-in-Molecules method and the two excited $^1Π$ and $^1Σ$ MgHe potentials. The shape of the simulated MgHe$_{50}$ spectra show a substantial dependency on the location of the Mg impurity, and hence on the MgHe pair interaction employed. To unravel the dependency of the solvation behavior on the shape of the computed potentials, exact Density Functional Theory has been adapted to the case of doped He$_n$ and various energy distributions have been computed. The results indicate the shape of the repulsive part of the MgHe potential as an important cause of the different behaviours.
Mixed network calculus
Creators: name: Zenkevich, Yegor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to combine higgsed topological vertices introduced in our previous work with conventional refined topological vertices. We demonstrate that the extended formalism describes very general interacting D5-NS5-D3 brane systems. In particular, we introduce new types of intertwining operators of Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra between different types of Fock representations corresponding to the crossings of NS5 and D5 branes. As a byproduct we obtain an algebraic description of the Hanany-Witten brane creation effect, give an efficient recipe to compute the brane factors in 3d N=2 and N=4 quiver gauge theories and demonstrate how 3d S-duality appears in our setup.
description: 23 pages
Reply to "Comment on 'A linear optics implementation of weak values in Hardy's paradox'"
Creators: name: Ahnert, S. E.
name: Payne, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The comment by Lundeen et al. contains two criticisms of our proposal. While we agree that the state-preparation procedure could be replaced by a simpler setup as proposed by the authors of the comment, we do not agree with the authors on their second, and more important point regarding two-particle weak measurements. We believe this to be the result of a misunderstanding of our original paper.
description: 2 pages, accepted in PRA
Manipulating time-bin qubits with fiber optics components
Creators: name: Bussieres, Felix
name: Soudagar, Yasaman
name: Berlin, Guido
name: Lacroix, Suzanne
name: Godbout, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose two experimental schemes to implement arbitrary unitary single qubit operations on single photons encoded in time-bin qubits. Both schemes require fiber optics components that are available with current technology.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the IEEE LEOS 2006 topical meeting, Quebec city, Canada, July 2006
The GosipGUI framework for control and benchmarking of readout electronics front-ends
Creators: name: Adamczewski-Musch, Joern
name: Kurz, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GOSIP (Gigabit Optical Serial Interface Protocol) provides communication via optical fibres between multiple kinds of front-end electronics and the KINPEX PCIe receiver board located in the readout host PC. In recent years a stack of device driver software has been developed to utilize this hardware for several scenarios of data acquisition. On top of this driver foundation, several graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have been created. These GUIs are based on the Qt graphics libraries and are designed in a modular way: All common functionalities, like generic I/O with the front-ends, handling of configuration files, and window settings, are treated by a framework class GosipGUI. In the Qt workspace of such GosipGUI frame, specific sub classes may implement additional windows dedicated to operate different GOSIP front-end modules. These readout modules developed by GSI Experiment Electronics department are for instance FEBEX sampling ADCs, TAMEX FPGA-TDCs, or POLAND QFWs. For each kind of front-end the GUIs allow to monitor specific register contents, to set up the working configuration, and to interactively change parameters like sampling thresholds during data acquisition. The latter is extremely useful when qualifying and tuning the front-ends in the electronics lab or detector cave. Moreover, some of these GosipGUI implementations have been equipped with features for mostly automatic testing of ASICs in a prototype mass production. This has been applied for the APFEL-ASIC component of the PANDA experiment currently under construction, and for the FAIR beam diagnostic readout system POLAND.
description: Proceedings of the IEEE RT2020
Optical spectroscopy of rare earth ions in glasses
Creators: name: Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Heike
name: Ehrt, Doris
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The relationships between host glass composition and optical properties of rare earth ions were studied by means of absorption and emission spectroscopy. Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ were found to be appropriate indicator ions for determining the properties of the local environment around rare earth ions. Er³⁺ and Nd³⁺ ions are widely used in lasers and amplifiers. The knowledge of the compositional influence on the spectroscopic parameters of rare earth ions enabled the modeling of the emission properties of important Er³⁺ and Nd³⁺ transitions in order to figure out the Optimum host glasses. Fluoride phosphate and phosphate glasses are attractive candidates for lasers and amplifiers. In these glasses, the degree of covalency between the rare earth ions and surrounding ligands mainly affects the spectroscopic parameters of rare earth ions such as Judd-Ofelt parameters and electron-phonon coupling strength. The increase of the electron-phonon coupling strength with the phosphate content is responsible for the decrease of the Er³⁺ emission intensity at 540 nm. Otherwise, it increases the Er³⁺ emission intensity at 1.5 µm in the fluoride phosphate glasses. The lower microparameters of Nd³⁺ cross relaxation in phosphate glasses cause the higher lifetimes of the Nd³⁺ ⁴F₃/₂ laser State at higher Nd³⁺ concentrations with respect to fluoride phosphate glasses. The energy transfer to OH groups in phosphate glasses decreases the hfetime and emission intensity of the laser State of both Er³⁺ and Nd³⁺ ions.
Machine learning the dynamics of quantum kicked rotor
Creators: name: Mano, Tomohiro
name: Ohtsuki, Tomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the multilayer convolutional neural network (CNN), we can detect the quantum phases in random electron systems, and phase diagrams of two and higher dimensional Anderson transitions and quantum percolations as well as disordered topological systems have been obtained. Here, instead of using CNN to analyze the wave functions, we analyze the dynamics of wave packets via long short-term memory network (LSTM). We adopt the quasi-periodic quantum kicked rotors, which simulate the three and four dimensional Anderson transitions. By supervised training, we let LSTM extract the features of the time series of wave packet displacements in localized and delocalized phases. We then simulate the wave packets in unknown phases and let LSTM classify the time series to localized and delocalized phases. We compare the phase diagrams obtained by LSTM and those obtained by CNN.
description: published version. Proceedings of Localisation 2020. Annals of Physics
Effect of different gravity conditions on microstructure of glass melts within a stable miscibility gap
Creators: name: Reiß, Helmut
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: On earth glass melts with a stable (liquid-liquid) immiscibility show a Sedimentation due to the effect of gravity on microphases with different densities. This results in stacked samples which consist of two layers. Α microgravity experiment was carried out with a glass of the PbO-B₂O₃ system (within the liquid-liquid miscibility gap) to get samples with homogeneously distributed microphases. The glass was melted and cooled under microgravity conditions on board the Space stadon "MIR" using the "CSK-1 Kristallisator" furnace equipment. Electron microscopie investigations show the expected "undisturbed" (not stacked) immiscibility structure if gravity and Marangoni convection (both kinds of microphases have nearly identical surface tension [7]) do not have any influence on phase separadon. The basic principle established by this experiment can be applied to the preparation of partially crystallized glass composite materials by heterogeneous (induced) nucleation (noble-metal nuclei).
Simulation of degradation phenomena on model enamels with historical compositions
Creators: name: Troll, Carola
name: Pilz, Monika
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Enamels from arts and crafts objects of the Renaissance and Baroque period in Europe show an increasing and irreversible degradation caused by microclimatic environmental influences. In the present study typical degradation phenomena were simulated and the mechanisms of degradation were described. Model enamels on copper Substrates were produced and exposed to accelerated weathering in a climate Chamber. The enamel compositions were selected according to the analysis of Originals. The main part of the work was involved with the investigation of parameters influencing the corrosion of the objects like the effect of pollutants and changes of temperature and humidity. Besides, the influence of mechanical stresses in the enamel layer and the effect of a mechanical pre-damaging were parts of the working programme. The progress of the degradation process was followed by light microscopy and infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The investigations were completed by an assessment of the distribution of the stress in the enamel layer and the metal Substrate.
The Parsec-Scale Jets of the TeV Blazars H 1426+428, 1ES 1959+650, and PKS 2155-304: 2001-2004
Creators: name: Piner, B. Glenn
name: Pant, Niraj
name: Edwards, Philip G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the TeV blazars H 1426+428, 1ES 1959+650, and PKS 2155-304 obtained during the years 2001 through 2004. We observed H 1426+428 at four epochs at 8 GHz, and found that its parsec-scale structure consisted of a ~17 mJy core and a single ~3 mJy jet component with an apparent speed of 2.09 +/- 0.53c. The blazar 1ES 1959+650 was observed at three epochs at frequencies of 15 and 22 GHz. Spectral index information from these dual-frequency observations was used to definitively identify the core of the parsec-scale structure. PKS 2155-304 was observed at a single epoch at 15 GHz with dual-circular polarization, and we present the first VLBI polarimetry image of this source. For 1ES 1959+650 and PKS 2155-304, the current observations are combined with the VLBA observations from our earlier paper to yield improved apparent speed measurements for these sources with greatly reduced measurement errors. The new apparent speed measured for component C2 in 1ES 1959+650 is 0.00 +/- 0.04c (stationary), and the new apparent speed measured for component C1 in PKS 2155-304 is 0.93 +/- 0.31c. We combine the new apparent speed measurements from this paper with the apparent speeds measured in TeV blazar jets from our earlier papers to form a current set of apparent speed measurements in TeV HBLs. The mean peak apparent pattern speed in the jets of the TeV HBLs is about 1c. We conclude the paper with a detailed discussion of the interpretation of the collected VLBA data on TeV blazars in the context of current theoretical models for the parsec-scale structure of TeV blazar jets.
description: 16 pages, Astrophysical Journal, in press
Spectral transmittance of Christiansen filters - Experimental observations
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Hans-Jürgen
name: Steinhart, Ralf
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Powder of the optical glass K5 has been immersed into methyl benzoate as refractice index matching fluid to fabricate Christiansen filters. The internal spectral transmittance of these filters has been investigated in the visible spectral region as a function of the filter thickness, the mean diameter of the powder grains, and the difference between the refractive indices of the fluid and the K5 glass. The minimum internal spectral extinction of the filter curve is approximately proportional to the thickness of the filter. Furthermore, it scales inversely with the average diameter of the glass grains. Hence, one can deduce that the minimum spectral extinction is proportional to the total interface area between grains and Immersion liquid. According to the experimental results it can be concluded further that this extinction is mainly due to Rayleigh scattering. The halfwidth of the spectral transmission passband decreases with increasing thickness of the filters and with decreasing average diameter of the grains. The spectral extinction at wavelengths sufficiently far from its minimum increases sublinearly with the filter thickness and the inverse mean diameter of the grains. In the same spectral region, the extinction increases also sublinearly with the absolute difference between the refractive indices of the matenal of the grains and of the Immersion liquid. Undl now, a theory predicting all of these observations correctly seems to be still missing.
Impossibility of Exact Flipping of Three Arbitrary Quantum States Via Incomparability
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Indrani
name: Sarkar, Debasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a scheme that relates seemingly two different kinds of physical impossibilities of quantum information processing. We derive, exact flipping of three arbitrary states not lying in one great circle is not possible with certainty, by using the existence of incomparable states which are not interconvertible deterministically by local operations and classical communications. In contrast, considering the non-existence of exact universal flipper, the incomparability of a pair of bipartite pure entangled states can be established.
description: 9 pages, no figures, replaced with accepted version, Phys. Rev. A
structure-sensitive investigations on glass fibers from the system SiO₂-Al₂O₃-GaO
Creators: name: Murach, Jürgen
name: Makat, Andreas
name: Brückner, Rolf
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Glass fibers of the system SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO were prepared with respect to defined drawing conditions and investigated with structure-sensitive methods (birefringence, radial and axial alterations by thermal treatment at Tg). These glass fibers, which lie in a compositional sense roughly between the disilicate and silica glasses concerning the ratio network modifiers to network formers, exhibit similar optical anisotropies. On the other hand, they show remarkably lower axial and radial alterations which are exclusively contracdons on annealing for all applied drawing conditions in contrast to the silica or the alkali disilicate glass fibers. Obviously, the filling of free volume hollows with and the reinforcement of them by the Ca²⁺ ions and the smaller polarizability of the latter as compared to alkali ions are responsible for the relatively low structural anisotropy. An increase of the optical anisotropy with increasing CaO concentration is observed at comparable viscosities. This is a consequence of the increasing incorporation of the network modifier oxide which produces a weaker network strength and a larger polarizability.
Enhancing English Reading Comprehension Ability by Using Active Learning
Creators: name: Suphannee Arsairach
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตขอนแก่น
Year: 2021
Subjects: Reading Comprehension Ability
Active Learning
Reading English

description: วารสารวิชาการธรรมทรรศน์, 21, 4, 23-32
Thermodynamics of redox equilibria and diffusion of polyvalent ions in a phosphate glass melt
Creators: name: Matthai, Annegret
name: Claußen, Olaf
name: Ehrt, Doris
name: Rüssel, Christian
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Α phosphate glass melt with the basie composition of NaPO₃ · 2Sr(PO₃)₂ doped with various oxides of polyvalent elements (Fe₂O₃, AS₂O₃, Sb₂O₃, CuO and SO₄²¯) was studied with the aid of Square-wave voltammetry. The Standard potentials depended linearly on temperature. The Standard enthalpy ΔH⁰ and the Standard entropy ΔS⁰ of the attributed redox reactions were calculated from the Standard potentials measured. The diffusion coefficients were determined from current densities obtained and fulfilled the Arrhenius' law. Both thermodynamics of the redox equilibria and diffusion coefficients are compared with those measured in soda-lime-silica glasses.
Nondestructive analysis of potassium in ancient glass on the base of its natural gamma activity
Creators: name: Kunicki-Goldfinger, Jerzy J.
name: Kierzek, Joachim
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The concentration of K₂O in historical glass objects was measured by gamma ray spectrometry. The method involved using moulds of the objects filled with material of known K₂O content. The results obtained were found to be close to results previously obtained by traditional methods and well within accepted tolerances in such cases. Gamma ray spectrometry produces results based on the whole object, not just on a sample of it which in the case of historical glass may not be representative. The method is completely nondestructive as no sample is taken, which allows it to be used for museum glass when destrucdon may not be permitted.
Glass transition and instant freezing theories - Α comparison of frozen-in temper stresses
Creators: name: Seifert, Wolfgang
name: Maschke, Andreas
name: Dubiel, Manfred
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: For many practical cases of tempering the temper stresses calculated by instant freezing theories are sufficient and in good agreement with experiments. The auhors give a brief summary of the theories by Adams and Williamson, Bartenev and Indenbom and discuss their numerical Implementation. For example, frozen-in temper stresses are calculated and discussed within the model of a symmetrically cooled, infinite glass plate. Based on the numerical soludon of the heat conduction equadon with a given heat transfer coefficient, especially the influence of the inidal temperature of quenching is investigated. Furthermore, a numerical algorithm is presented to calculate the temporal evoludon of the permanent temper stresses for Indenbom's theory. Finally, as a practical example, residual stresses are determined in the surface of a tempered glass-particle composite system.
การพัฒนาการคิดเชิงคำนวณโดยใช้การจัดการเรียนรู้แบบปัญหาเป็นฐาน ตามแนวคิดสะเต็มศึกษา เรื่องโมเมนตัมและการชน สำหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 4
Creators: name: ณัฐธิดา กัลยาประสิทธิ์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตขอนแก่น
Year: 2021
Subjects: การจัดการเรียนรู้แบบปัญหาเป็นฐาน
สะเต็มศึกษา
การคิดเชิงคำนวณ

description: วารสารวิชาการธรรมทรรศน์, 21, 4, 33-44
Microscopic-Macroscopic Approach for Ground-State Energies Based on the Gogny Force with the Wigner-Kirkwood Averaging Scheme
Creators: name: Bhagwat, A.
name: Centelles, M.
name: Viñas, X.
name: Schuck, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the previous paper I \cite{bhagwat20} we have shown that self-consistent Extended Thomas-Fermi (ETF) potentials and densities associated with a given finite-range interaction can be parametrized by generalized Fermi distributions. As a next step, a comprehensive calculation of ground-state properties of a large number of spherical and deformed even-even nuclei is carried out in the present work using the Gogny D1S force within the ETF scheme. The parametrized ETF potentials and densities of paper I are used to calculate the smooth part of the energy and the shell corrections within the Wigner-Kirkwood semiclassical averaging scheme. It is shown that the shell corrections thus obtained, along with a simple liquid drop prescription, yield a good description of ground-state masses and potential energy surfaces for nuclei spanning the entire periodic table.
description: 17 pages, 8 Figures and 2 Tables
Low-temperature tensile deformation of flat glass containing metal particles to generate dichroism
Creators: name: Borek, Reinhard
name: Berg, Klaus-Jürgen
name: Berg, Gunnar
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Uniformly oriented metal particles shaped like prolate spheroids are produced by tensile deformation of flat glasses, containing small spherical particles of some 10 nm in diameters. The deformation is performed at temperatures only slightly above Tg. High tensile stresses up to 200 N/mm² and low velocities of deformation characterize the special conditions of this process. The method has been improved such as to exceed the previous limitation to relatively small values of the cross section of the specimens. Α unidimensional hydromechanical model including the conservation equations for momentum, mass and energy describes the glass deformation. The model has been solved numerically Α good agreement has been attained between experimental and theoretical results.
BPS pp-wave brane cosmological solutions in string theory
Creators: name: Tanabe, Makoto
name: Mizuno, Shuntaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct time dependent BPS pp-wave brane solutions in the context of M-theory and type II supergravity. It is found that N-brane solutions we considered satisfy the crossing rule as S-brane solutions but 1/8 supersymmetry remains. By applying them to the cosmological setting, inflationary solutions are obtained. During this inflation, the size of the extradimensions becomes smaller than our four-dimensional spacetime dynamically. We also discuss the mechanism for terminating this inflation and recovering the hot big-bang universe.
description: 10 pages
Tuning Advanced LIGO to kilohertz signals from neutron-star collisions
Creators: name: Ganapathy, Dhruva
name: McCuller, Lee
name: Rollins, Jameson Graef
name: Hall, Evan D.
name: Barsotti, Lisa
name: Evans, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves produced at kilohertz frequencies in the aftermath of a neutron star collision can shed light on the behavior of matter at extreme temperatures and densities that are inaccessible to laboratory experiments. Gravitational-wave interferometers are limited by quantum noise at these frequencies but can be tuned via their optical configuration to maximize the probability of post-merger signal detection. We compare two such tuning strategies to turn Advanced LIGO into a post-merger-focused instrument: first, a wideband tuning that enhances the instrument's signal-to-noise ratio 40--80\% broadly above \SI{1}{\kHz} relative to the baseline, with a modest sensitivity penalty at lower frequencies; second, a "detuned" configuration that provides even more enhancement than the wideband tuning, but over only a narrow frequency band and at the expense of substantially worse quantum noise performance elsewhere. With an optimistic accounting for instrument loss and uncertainty in post-merger parameters, the detuned instrument has a ${\lesssim}40\%$ sensitivity improvement compared to the wideband instrument.
Coupling Constant Dependence of the Kaluza--Klein Spectrum in Five-Dimensional SQCD on S^1
Creators: name: Ohtake, Yukiko
name: Wakabayashi, Yuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Kaluza--Klein (KK) spectrum of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory compactified on a circle. We concentrate on a model with gauge group SU(2) and four massless matter fields in the fundamental representation. We derive the exact mass formula of KK modes by using Seiberg--Witten theory. From the mass formula and the D3-brane probe realization, we determine the spectrum of KK modes of matter fields and gauge fields. As a result, we find that the lightest KK state of gauge fields is stable for all the vacuum moduli space, while the lightest KK state of matter fields decays easier than other KK states in a region of the moduli space. The region becomes small as we decrease the five-dimensional gauge coupling constant g_5, and vanishes as we take the limit g_5->0. This result continuously connects the known KK spectrum in the weak coupling limit and that in the strong coupling limit.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Heutige Möglichkeiten zur Modellierung von Glasschmelzöfen : Voraussagen zur Qualität des Glasschmelzprozesses
Creators: name: Beerkens, Ruud
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Mathematische Modelle haben sich zu einem nützlichen Werkzeug sowohl für die Optimierung der Wannenkonstruktion als auch von Prozeßparametern entwickelt. Schheren, Blasen oder Gispen einerseits sowie unaufgeschmolzene Rohstoffe oder in die Schmelze eingetragene Verunreinigungen andererseits haben einen negativen Einfluß auf die Qualität der Glasschmelze. Daneben hängt die in Wannenöfen erzielbare Glasqualität stark von dem sich einstellenden Strömungsfeld im Schmelzbad ab. Die im Schmelzbad stattfindenden Einschmelz-, Entgasungs- und Homogenisierungsprozesse werden von den entlang der Strömungsbahnen vorliegenden Temperatur- und Verweilzeitverteilungen in Kombination mit den dort zur Verfügung stehenden gelösten Gasen oder Läutermitteln gesteuert. So hat jeder Strömungspfad im Glasbad einen für ihn charakteristischen Einschmelz-, Entgasungs- und Homogenisierungseffekt. Die Verweilzeitverteilung im Glasbad ist direkt mit dem Strömungsfeld gekoppelt. Mit Hilfe mathematischer Modelle kann die räumliche Verteilung von Temperatur und Strömung relativ genau ermittelt werden. Jeder Strömungspfad im Glasbad kann hinsichtlich seines Beitrags zur Glasqualität mit einer Kenngröße charakterisiert werden. Die Strömungsbahn mit dem kleinsten Wert für die Einschmelz- und Läuterkenngröße ist kritisch für die Glasqualität am Ausgang des mit der Rechnung erfaßten Bereiches. Auch das Einschmelzverhalten von Sandkörnchen oder das Wachsen bzw. Schrumpfen von Blasen auf ihrem Weg durch die Schmelze können mit Hilfe der Modellierung verfolgt werden. Die im Rechenmodell ermittelten Temperaturen sollten von den Werten in der realen Wanne um nicht mehr als 10 bis 15 Κ differieren, die berechneten Werte der minimalen Verweilzeiten sollten nicht mehr als 10 bis 15% von der Reahtät abweichen.
Constraining the orientation of the spin axes of extrasolar minor bodies 1I/2017 U1 (`Oumuamua) and 2I/Borisov
Creators: name: Marcos, C. de la Fuente
name: Marcos, R. de la Fuente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The orientation of the spin axis of a comet is defined by the values of its equatorial obliquity and its cometocentric longitude of the Sun. These parameters can be computed from the components of the nongravitational force caused by outgassing, if the cometary activity is well characterized. The trajectories of known interstellar bodies passing through the Solar System show nongravitational accelerations. Aims. The spin-axis orientation of 1I/2017 U1 (`Oumuamua) remains to be determined; for 2I/Borisov, the already released results are mutually exclusive. Here, we investigate the orientation of the spin axes of `Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov using public orbit determinations that consider outgassing. Methods. We applied a Monte Carlo simulation using the covariance matrix method together with Monte Carlo random search techniques to compute the distributions of equatorial obliquities and cometocentric longitudes of the Sun at perihelion of `Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov from the values of the nongravitational parameters. Results. We find that the equatorial obliquity of `Oumuamua could be about 93 deg, if it has a very prolate (fusiform) shape, or close to 16 deg, if it is very oblate (disk-like). Different orbit determinations of 2I/Borisov gave obliquity values of 59 deg and 90 deg. The distributions of cometocentric longitudes were in general multimodal. Conclusions. The most probable spin-axis direction of `Oumuamua in equatorial coordinates is (280 degrees, +46 degrees) if very prolate or (312 deg, -50 deg) if very oblate. For the orbit determinations of 2I/Borisov used here, we find most probable poles pointing near (275 deg, +65 deg) and (231 deg, +30 deg), respectively. Although our analysis favors an oblate shape for 2I/Borisov, a prolate one cannot be ruled out.
description: 19 pages, 27 figures, 5 tables, 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abstract abridged
Observation of Quantum Hall Valley Skyrmions
Creators: name: Shkolnikov, Y. P.
name: Misra, S.
name: Bishop, N. C.
name: De Poortere, E. P.
name: Shayegan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the interaction-induced quantum Hall effect in a spin-polarized AlAs two-dimensional electron system where the electrons occupy two in-plane conduction band valleys. Via the application of in-plane strain, we tune the energies of these valleys and measure the energy gap of the quantum Hall state at filling factor $ν$ = 1. The gap has a finite value even at zero strain and, with strain, rises much faster than expected from a single-particle picture, suggesting that the lowest energy charged excitations at $ν=1$ are "valley Skyrmions".
description: 4 pages, 3 figures