cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hallucination Detection in Foundation Models for Decision-Making: A Flexible Definition and Review of the State of the Art
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Neeloy
name: Ornik, Melkior
name: Driggs-Campbell, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous systems are soon to be ubiquitous, spanning manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, entertainment, and other industries. Most of these systems are developed with modular sub-components for decision-making, planning, and control that may be hand-engineered or learning-based. While these approaches perform well under the situations they were specifically designed for, they can perform especially poorly in out-of-distribution scenarios that will undoubtedly arise at test-time. The rise of foundation models trained on multiple tasks with impressively large datasets has led researchers to believe that these models may provide "common sense" reasoning that existing planners are missing, bridging the gap between algorithm development and deployment. While researchers have shown promising results in deploying foundation models to decision-making tasks, these models are known to hallucinate and generate decisions that may sound reasonable, but are in fact poor. We argue there is a need to step back and simultaneously design systems that can quantify the certainty of a model's decision, and detect when it may be hallucinating. In this work, we discuss the current use cases of foundation models for decision-making tasks, provide a general definition for hallucinations with examples, discuss existing approaches to hallucination detection and mitigation with a focus on decision problems, present guidelines, and explore areas for further research in this exciting field.
description: Accepted to ACM Computing Surveys; 55 pages, 5 tables, 3 figures
RICE MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AND POLICY OPTIONS IN VIETNAM
Creators: name: Goletti, Francesco
name: Minot, Nicholas
name: Goletti, Francesco
name: Minot, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Viet Nam has undergone a profound transformation in recent years and, as a result of a series of macroeconomic and institutional reforms since 1986, it has made substantial progress toward becoming a market economy. As this transition continues, Viet Nam faces the challenge of formulating and implementing a growth strategy which is both economically and politically feasible. Critical to this growth strategy is the role of agriculture and, within agriculture, the development of an efficient rice marketing system. The emergence of Viet Nam as a major rice exporter has raised a number of important policy questions. First, will the country be able to continue its impressive growth? Second, how far has Viet Nam moved along the path toward a market economy? Third, what is the role of the government in the development of a rice market economy? Finally, what is the best way to promote food security? The paper addresses these issues and report the results of a study conducted by IFPRI for the Asian Development Bank in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Government of Viet Nam. The study is based on extensive data collection from marketing agents (farmers, traders, millers, state owned enterprises, and exporters) conducted during 1995 and 1996.
Improving Efficiency of Parallel Across the Method Spectral Deferred Corrections
Creators: name: Čaklović, Gayatri
name: Lunet, Thibaut
name: Götschel, Sebastian
name: Ruprecht, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.7; G.1.8
subject: 65R20, 65L04, 65L05, 65L20

description: Parallel-across-the method time integration can provide small scale parallelism when solving initial value problems. Spectral deferred corrections (SDC) with a diagonal sweeper, which is closely related to iterated Runge-Kutta methods proposed by Van der Houwen and Sommeijer, can use a number of threads equal to the number of quadrature nodes in the underlying collocation method. However, convergence speed, efficiency and stability depends critically on the used coefficients. Previous approaches have used numerical optimization to find good parameters. Instead, we propose an ansatz that allows to find optimal parameters analytically. We show that the resulting parallel SDC methods provide stability domains and convergence order very similar to those of well established serial SDC variants. Using a model for computational cost that assumes 80% efficiency of an implementation of parallel SDC we show that our variants are competitive with serial SDC, previously published parallel SDC coefficients as well as Picard iteration, explicit RKM-4 and an implicit fourth-order diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta method.
description: 24 pages
Monolayer Semiconductor Auger Detector
Creators: name: Chow, Colin M.
name: Yu, Hongyi
name: Schaibley, John R.
name: Rivera, Pasqual
name: Finney, Joseph
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Mandrus, David G.
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Yao, Wang
name: Cobden, David H.
name: Xu, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Auger recombination in semiconductors is a many-body phenomenon in which recombination of electrons and holes is accompanied by excitation of other charge carriers. Being nonradiative, it is detrimental to light emission. The excess energy of the excited carriers is normally rapidly converted to heat, making Auger processes difficult to probe directly. Here, we employ a technique in which the Auger-excited carriers are detected by their ability to tunnel out of the semiconductor through a thin barrier, generating a current. We employ vertical van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with monolayer WSe2 as the semiconductor and the wide band gap hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as the tunnel barrier to preferentially transmit high-energy Auger-excited carriers to a graphite electrode. The unambiguous signatures of Auger processes are a rise in the photocurrent when excitons are created by resonant excitation, and negative differential photoconductance resulting from the shifts of the exciton resonances with voltage. We detect holes Auger-excited by both neutral and charged excitons, and find that the Auger scattering is surprisingly strong under weak excitation. The selective extraction of Auger carriers at low, controlled carrier densities that is enabled by vdW heterostructures illustrates an important addition to the techniques available for probing relaxation processes in 2D materials.
When can the two-armed bandit algorithm be trusted?
Creators: name: Lamberton, Damien
name: Pages, Gilles
name: Tarres, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62L20 (Primary) 93C40, 91E40, 68T05, 91B32. (Secondary)

description: We investigate the asymptotic behavior of one version of the so-called two-armed bandit algorithm. It is an example of stochastic approximation procedure whose associated ODE has both a repulsive and an attractive equilibrium, at which the procedure is noiseless. We show that if the gain parameter is constant or goes to 0 not too fast, the algorithm does fall in the noiseless repulsive equilibrium with positive probability, whereas it always converges to its natural attractive target when the gain parameter goes to zero at some appropriate rates depending on the parameters of the model. We also elucidate the behavior of the constant step algorithm when the step goes to 0. Finally, we highlight the connection between the algorithm and the Polya urn. An application to asset allocation is briefly described.
Constraint-preserving boundary conditions in the Z4 Numerical Relativity formalism
Creators: name: Bona, C.
name: Ledvinka, T.
name: Palenzuela-Luque, C.
name: Zacek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The constraint-preserving approach, which aim is to provide consistent boundary conditions for Numerical Relativity simulations, is discussed in parallel with other recent developments. The case of the Z4 system is considered, and constraint-preserving boundary conditions of the Sommerfeld type are provided. A necessary condition for the stability of the proposed boundary conditions is obtained, which amounts to the requirement of a symmetric ordering of space derivatives. This requirement is numerically seen to be also sufficient in the absence of corners and edges. Maximally dissipative boundary conditions are also implemented. In this case, a less restrictive stability condition is obtained, which is shown numerically to be also sufficient even in the presence of corners and edges.
description: Enhanced version, including a new Appendix on maximally dissipative boundary conditions (12 pages, 5 figures)
The drag force distribution within regular arrays of cubes and its relation to cross ventilation: theoretical and experimental analyses
Creators: name: Buccolieri, Riccardo
name: Sandberg, Mats
name: Wigö, Hans
name: Di Sabatino, Silvana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel set of wind tunnel measurements of the drag force and its spatial distribution along aligned arrays of cubes of height H and planar area index lambdap (air gap between cubes) equal to 0.028 (5H) to 0.69 (0.2H) is presented and analysed. Two different types of measurements are compared: one type where the drag force is obtained using the standard load cell method, another type where the drag force is estimated by measuring the pressure difference between windward and the leeward facades. Results show that the drag force is nearly uniformly distributed for lower lambdap (0.028 and 0.0625), it decreases up to 50% at the second row for lambdap=0.11, and it sharply decreases for larger lambdap (from 0.25 to 0.69) where the force mostly acts on the first row. It follows that for the lowest lambdap the drag force typically formulated as a drag area corresponds to the total frontal area of the array, whereas for large lambdap the drag area corresponds to the area of the first row. By assessing the driving pressure for ventilation from the drag force, the analysis is extended to estimate the cross ventilation as an example of application of this type of measurements.
The Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Model on Clusters with Icosahedral Symmetry
Creators: name: Konstantinidis, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model is considered for spins $s_{i}={1/2}$ located on the vertices of the dodecahedron and the icosahedron, which belong to the point symmetry group $I_{h}$. Taking into account the permutational and spin inversion symmetries of the Hamiltonian results in a drastic reduction of the dimensionality of the problem, leading to full diagonalization for both clusters. There is a strong signature of the frustration present in the systems in the low energy spectrum, where the first excited states are singlets. Frustration also results in a doubly-peaked specific heat as a function of temperature for the dodecahedron. Furthermore, there is a discontinuity in the magnetization as a function of magnetic field for the dodecahedron, where a specific total spin sector never becomes the ground state in a field. This discontinuity is accompanied by a magnetization plateau. The calculation is also extended for $s_{i}=1$ where both systems again have singlet excitations. The magnetization of the dodecahedron has now two discontinuities in an external field and also magnetization plateaux, and the specific heat of the icosahedron a two-peak structure as a function of temperature. The similarities between the two systems suggest that the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a larger cluster with the same symmetry, the 60-site cluster, will have similar properties.
Universal time scalings of sensitivity in Markovian quantum metrology
Creators: name: Das, Arpan
name: Gorecki, Wojciech
name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, Rafal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming Markovian time evolution of a quantum sensing system, we study the general characterization of the optimal sensitivity scalings with time, under most general quantum control protocols. We allow the estimated parameter to influence both the Hamiltonian as well as the dissipative part of the quantum master equation and focus on the asymptotic-time along with the short-time sensitivity scalings. We find that via simple algebraic conditions (in terms of the Hamiltonian, the jump operators as well as their parameter derivatives), one can characterize the four classes of metrological models that represent: quadratic-linear, quadratic-quadratic, linear-linear and linear-quadratic time scalings. We also investigate the relevant time scales on which the transition between the two regimes appears. Additionally, we provide universal numerical methods to obtain quantitative bounds on sensitivity that are the tightest that exist in the literature. Simplicity and universality of our results make it suitable for diverse applications in quantum metrology.
description: 5+3 pages, 3 figures
Impact of systematics on cosmological parameters from future Galaxy Clusters surveys
Creators: name: Salvati, Laura
name: Douspis, Marian
name: Aghanim, Nabila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters are a recent cosmological probe. The precision and accuracy of the cosmological parameters inferred from these objects are affected by the knowledge of cluster physics, entering the analysis through the mass-observable scaling relations, and the theoretical description of their mass and redshift distribution, modelled by the mass function. In this work, we forecast the impact of different modelling of these ingredients for clusters detected by future optical and near-IR surveys. We consider the standard cosmological scenario and the case with a time-dependent equation of state for dark energy. We analyse the effect of increasing accuracy on the scaling relation calibration, finding improved constraints on the cosmological parameters. This higher accuracy exposes the impact of the mass function evaluation, which is a subdominant source of systematics for current data. We compare two different evaluations for the mass function. In both cosmological scenarios, the use of different mass functions leads to biases in the parameter constraints. For the $Λ$CDM model, we find a $1.6 \, σ$ shift in the $(Ω_m,σ_8)$ parameter plane and a discrepancy of $\sim 7 \, σ$ for the redshift evolution of the scatter of the scaling relations. For the scenario with a time-evolving dark energy equation of state, the assumption of different mass functions results in a $\sim 8 \, σ$ tension in the $w_0$ parameter. These results show the impact, and the necessity for a precise modelling, of the interplay between the redshift evolution of the mass function and of the scaling relations in the cosmological analysis of galaxy clusters.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Butterfly-shaped magnetoresistance in triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ag$_2$CrO$_2$
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Hiroki
name: Watanabe, Mori
name: Tokuda, Masashi
name: Suzuki, Shota
name: Imada, Eria
name: Ibe, Takashi
name: Arakawa, Tomonori
name: Yoshida, Hiroyuki
name: Ishizuka, Hiroaki
name: Kobayashi, Kensuke
name: Niimi, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spintronic devices using antiferromagnets (AFMs) are promising candidates for future applications. Recently, many interesting physical properties have been reported with AFM-based devices. Here we report a butterfly-shaped magnetoresistance (MR) in a micrometer-sized triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ag$_2$CrO$_2$. The material consists of two-dimensional triangular-lattice CrO$_2$ layers with antiferromagnetically coupled $S$ = 3/2 spins and Ag$_2$ layers with high electrical conductivity. The butterfly-shaped MR appears only when the magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the CrO$_2$ plane with the maximum MR ratio ($\approx$ 15%) at the magnetic ordering temperature. These features are distinct from those observed in conventional magnetic materials. We propose a theoretical model where fluctuations of partially disordered spins with the Ising anisotropy play an essential role in the butterfly-shaped MR in Ag$_2$CrO$_2$.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Flat-Band Enhanced Antiferromagnetic Fluctuations and Superconductivity in Pressurized CsCr$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Wu, Siqi
name: Xu, Chenchao
name: Wang, Xiaoqun
name: Lin, Hai-Qing
name: Cao, Chao
name: Cao, Guang-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin dynamics and electronic orders of the kagome system at different filling levels stand as an intriguing subject in condensed matter physics. By first-principles calculations and random phase approximation analyses, we investigate the spin fluctuations and superconducting instabilities in kagome phase of CsCr$_3$Sb$_5$ under high pressure. At the filling level slightly below the kagome flat bands, our calculations reveal strong antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in CsCr$_3$Sb$_5$, together with a leading $s_{\pm}$-wave and a competing ($d_{xy}$, $d_{x^2-y^2}$)-wave superconducting order. Unlike the general intuition that the flat bands are closely related to the ferromagnetic correlations, here we propose a sublattice-momentum-coupling-driven mechanism for the antiferromagnetic fluctuations enhanced from the unoccupied flat bands. The mechanism is generally applicable to kagome systems where the Fermi level intersects near the flat bands, offering a new perspective for future studies of geometrically frustrated systems.
Dark photon emission in elastic proton bremsstrahlung
Creators: name: Kriukova, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of dark photons with masses in range 0.4-1.5\,GeV in elastic proton bremsstrahlung. In contrast to the known approaches to calculating the bremsstrahlung cross section, we consider the non-zero momentum transfer between protons. The numerical estimates show that the refined result agrees well with the generalized Weizsacker-Williams approximation, although it significantly differs from the result obtained by Blumlein and Brunner which is widely used in proton beam-dump phenomenology.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the International Conference on Particle Physics and Cosmology (professor V.A. Rubakov memorial conference), 2-7 October 2023, Yerevan, Armenia
Bashar Malkawi, THE Internal Audit Function in UAE Law
Creators: name: Malkawi, Bashar H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180105 Commercial and Contract Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The audit or the quality of audit is a very important mechanism in companies that is to better govern the company, limit internal conflicts in the company, more confidence and transparency.
The $s=1/2$ Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Model on Fullerene-Type Symmetry Clusters
Creators: name: Konstantinidis, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $s_{i}={1/2}$ nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model is considered for spins sitting on the vertices of clusters with the connectivity of fullerene molecules and a number of sites $n$ ranging from 24 to 32. Using the permutational and spin inversion symmetries of the Hamiltonian the low energy spectrum is calculated for all the irreducible representations of the symmetry group of each cluster. Frustration and connectivity result in non-trivial low energy properties, with the lowest excited states being singlets except for $n=28$. Same hexagon and same pentagon correlations are the most effective in the minimization of the energy, with the $n=32-D_{3h}$ symmetry cluster having an unusually strong singlet intra-pentagon correlation. The magnetization in a field shows no discontinuities unlike the icosahedral $I_h$ fullerene clusters, but only plateaux with the most pronounced for $n=28$. The spatial symmetry as well as the connectivity of the clusters appear to be important for the determination of their magnetic properties.
description: Extended to include low energy spectra, correlation functions and magnetization data of clusters up to 32 sites
Field Theory Supertubes
Creators: name: Townsend, Paul K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with intersecting M2-branes in M-theory, the IIA supertube can be found by compactification with a boost to the speed of light in the compact dimension. A similar procedure applied to Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau instantons on $\bC^3$, viewed as intersecting membranes of 7D supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory, yields (for finite boost) a new set of 1/4 BPS equations for 6D SYM-Higgs theory, and (for infinite boost) a generalization of the dyonic instanton equations of 5D SYM-Higgs theory, solutions of which are interpreted as Yang-Mills supertubes and realized as configurations of IIB string theory.
description: 11 pages. Contribution to Strings '04. Revised to include minor corrections and additional references
Quantum Limited Superresolution of Extended Sources in One and Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Prasad, Sudhakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for estimating, using a circular imaging aperture, the length of a uniformly bright incoherent line source with a fixed mid-point and the radius of a uniformly bright incoherent disk shaped source with a fixed center. Prolate spheroidal wavefunctions (PSWFs) on a centered line segment and its generalized version on a centered disk furnish the respective bases for computing the eigenstates and eigenvalues of the one-photon density operator, from which we subsequently calculate QFI with respect to the spatial parameters of the two sources. Zernike polynomials provide a good set into which to project the full source wavefront, and such classical wavefront projection data can realize quantum limited estimation error bound in each case. We subsequently generalize our approach to analyze sources of arbitrary brightness distributions and shapes using a certain class of Bessel Fourier functions that are closely related to the PSWFs. We illustrate the general approach by computing QFI for estimating the lengths of the principal axes of a uniformly bright, centered elliptical disk.
description: 5 figures, 25 pages
Generalized Urn Models of Evolutionary Processes
Creators: name: Benaim, Michel
name: Schreiber, Sebastian J.
name: Tarres, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J10 (Primary) 92D25 (Secondary)

description: Generalized Polya urn models can describe the dynamics of finite populations of interacting genotypes. Three basic questions these models can address are: Under what conditions does a population exhibit growth? On the event of growth, at what rate does the population increase? What is the long-term behavior of the distribution of genotypes? To address these questions, we associate a mean limit ordinary differential equation (ODE) with the urn model. Previously, it has been shown that on the event of population growth, the limiting distribution of genotypes is a connected internally chain recurrent set for the mean limit ODE. To determine when growth and convergence occurs with positive probability, we prove two results. First, if the mean limit ODE has an ``attainable'' attractor at which growth is expected, then growth and convergence toward this attractor occurs with positive probability. Second, the population distribution almost surely does not converge to sets where growth is not expected
Power Spectrum Estimation I. Basics
Creators: name: Hamilton, Andrew J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper and its companion form an extended version of notes provided to participants in the Valencia September 2004 summer school on Data Analysis in Cosmology. The papers offer a pedagogical introduction to the problem of estimating the power spectrum from galaxy surveys. The intention is to focus on concepts rather than on technical detail, but enough mathematics is provided to point the student in the right direction. This first paper presents background material. It collects some essential definitions, discusses traditional methods for measuring power, notably the Feldman-Kaiser-Peacock (1994) method, and introduces Bayesian analysis, Fisher matrices, and maximum likelihood. For pedagogy and brevity, several derivations are set as exercises for the reader. At the summer school, multiple choice questions, included herein, were used to convey some didactic ideas, and provoked a little lively debate.
description: 17 pages, Springer-Verlag svmult.cls documentclass. To be published in "Data Analysis in Cosmology", ed. V. Martinez, proceedings of an International Summer School, 6-10 September 2004, Valencia, Spain, Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Physics
The genealogy of Artabanos II (AD 8/9–39/40), King of Parthia
Creators: name: Olbrycht, Marek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 210302 Asian History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210306 Classical Greek and Roman History

description: Marek Jan Olbrycht, The genealogy of Artabanos II (AD 8/9–39/40), King of Parthia, in: Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica, vol. 15/3, 2014, pp. 92-97.
DOI: 10.5604/20842937.1134333
Using GAMA to probe the impact of small-scale galaxy physics on nonlinear redshift-space distortions
Creators: name: Alam, Shadab
name: Peacock, John A.
name: Farrow, Daniel J.
name: Loveday, J.
name: Hopkins, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present improved modelling of the redshift-space distortions of galaxy clustering that arise from peculiar velocities. We create mock galaxy catalogues in the framework of the halo model, using data from the Bolshoi project. These mock galaxy populations are inserted into the haloes with additional degrees of freedom that govern spatial and kinematical biases of the galaxy populations relative to the dark matter. We explore this generalised halo model with an MCMC algorithm, comparing the predictions to data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey, and thus derive one of the first constraints on the detailed kinematic degrees of freedom for satellite galaxies within haloes. With this approach, the distortions of the redshift-space galaxy autocorrelations can be accounted for down to spatial separations close to 10 kpc, opening the prospect of improved RSD measurements of the perturbation growth rate by the inclusion of data from nonlinear scales.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, final published version with only minor text changes for clarifications
Extremal problems in BMO and VMO involving the Garsia norm
Creators: name: Dyakonov, Konstantin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30H10, 30H35, 30H50, 30J05, 30J10, 46A55, 46J15

description: Given an $L^2$ function $f$ on the unit circle $\mathbb T$, we put $$Φ_f(z):=\mathcal P(|f|^2)(z)-|\mathcal Pf(z)|^2,\qquad z\in\mathbb D,$$ where $\mathbb D$ is the open unit disk and $\mathcal P$ is the Poisson integral operator. The Garsia norm $\|f\|_G$ is then defined as $\sup_{z\in\mathbb D}Φ_f(z)^{1/2}$, and the space ${\rm BMO}$ is formed by the functions $f\in L^2$ with $\|f\|_G<\infty$. If $\|f\|^2_G=Φ_f(z_0)$ for some point $z_0\in\mathbb D$, then $f$ is said to be a norm-attaining ${\rm BMO}$ function, written as $f\in{\rm BMO}_{\rm na}$. Note that ${\rm BMO}_{\rm na}$ contains ${\rm VMO}$, the space of functions with vanishing mean oscillation. We study, first, the functions $f$ in $L^\infty$ (as well as in $L^\infty\cap{\rm BMO}_{\rm na}$) with the property that $\|f\|_G=\|f\|_\infty$. The analytic case, where $L^\infty$ gets replaced by $H^\infty$, is discussed in more detail. Secondly, we prove that every function $f\in{\rm BMO}_{\rm na}$ with $\|f\|_G=1$ is an extreme point of ${\rm ball}\,({\rm BMO})$, the unit ball of ${\rm BMO}$ with respect to the Garsia norm. This implies that the extreme points of ${\rm ball}\,({\rm VMO})$ are precisely the unit-norm ${\rm VMO}$ functions. As another consequence, we arrive at an amusing "geometric" characterization of inner functions.
description: 19 pages
Singlet-Triplet Mixing in Superconductor-Ferromagnet Hybrid Devices
Creators: name: Eschrig, M.
name: Kopu, J.
name: Konstandin, A.
name: Cuevas, J. C.
name: Fogelström, M.
name: Schön, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory which describes hybrid structures consisting out of superconducting and ferromagnetic parts. We give two examples for applications. First, we consider a hybrid structure containing a strong ferromagnet in the ballistic limit. Second, we study for a weak ferromagnet the influence of a domain wall on the superconducting proximity effect. In both cases we account quantitatively for the mixing between singlet and triplet correlations.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, to be published
Corrections to Quark Asymmetries at LEP
Creators: name: Freitas, A.
name: Moenig, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most precise measurement of the weak mixing angle sin^2(theta) at LEP is from the forward-backward asymmetry e+e- --> bbbar at the Z-pole. In this note the QED and electroweak radiative corrections to obtain the pole asymmetry from the measured asymmetry for b- and c-quarks have been calculated using ZFITTER, which has been amended to allow a consistent treatment of partial two-loop corrections for the b-quark final asymmetries. A total correction of dAfbb=0.0019+/-0.0002 and dAfbc=0.0064+/-0.0001 has been found, where the remaining theoretical uncertainty is much too small to explain the apparent discrepancy between sin^2(theta) obtained from Afbb and from the left-right asymmetry at SLD.
Equilibrium states of two stochastic models in mathematical ecology
Creators: name: Yu, Feng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This work deals with two problems arising in mathematical ecology. The first problem is concerned with diploid branching particle models and its behavior when rapid stirring is added to the interaction. The particle models involve two types of particles, male and female, and branching can only occur when both types of particles are present. We show that if the branching rate is sufficiently large, this particle model has a nontrivial stationary distribution, i.e. one that does not concentrate all weight on the all-0 state, using a comparison argument due to R. Durrett. We also show extinction for small branching rates, thereby establishing the existence of a phase transition. We then add two different rapid stirring mechanisms to the interactions and show that for the particle models with rapid stirring, there also exist nontrivial stationary distribution(s); for this, we analyze the limiting PDE and establish a condition on the PDE that guarantees existence of nontrivial stationary distributions for sufficient fast stirring. The second problem deals with a model of sympatric speciation, i.e. speciation in the absence of geographical separation, originally proposed by U. Dieckmann and M. Doebeli in 1999. We modify their original model to obtain several constant-population particle models. We concentrate on a continuous-time model that converges to a deterministic dynamical system as the number of particles becomes large. We establish various results regarding whether speciation occurs by studying the existence of bimodal stationary distributions for the limiting dynamical system.
Homogenization of 2D Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes system
Creators: name: Bunoiu, Renata
name: Cardone, Giuseppe
name: Kengne, Romaric
name: Woukeng, Jean Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B27, 35B40, 46J10

description: In the current work, we are performing the asymptotic analysis, beyond the periodic setting, of the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes system. Under the general deterministic distribution assumption on the microstructures in the domain, we find the limit model equivalent to the heterogeneous one. To this end, we use the sigma-convergence concept which is suitable for the passage to the limit.
description: 28 pages
Strongly Reducing (Diarylamino)benzene-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Metal-Free Visible Light Photocatalytic H2O2 Generation
Creators: name: Krishnaraj, Chidharth
name: Jena, Himanshu Sekhar
name: Bourda, Laurens
name: Laemont, Andreas
name: Pachfule, Pradip
name: Roeser, Jerome
name: Chandran, C. Vinod
name: Borgmans, Sander
name: Rogge, Sven M. J.
name: Leus, Karen
name: Stevens, Christian
name: Martens, Johan A.
name: Van Speybroeck, Veronique
name: Breynaert, Eric
name: Thomas, Arne
name: Van Der Voort, Pascal
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: covalent organic frameworks
subject: COFs
subject: redox reactions
subject: photocatalysis
subject: alcohols
subject: electromagnetic radiation

description: Photocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen is a promising route toward sustainable production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This challenging process requires photoactive semiconductors enabling solar energy driven generation and separation of electrons and holes with high charge transfer kinetics. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of photoactive semiconductors, tunable at a molecular level for high charge carrier generation and transfer. Herein, we report two newly designed two-dimensional COFs based on a (diarylamino)benzene linker that form a Kagome (kgm) lattice and show strong visible light absorption. Their high crystallinity and large surface areas (up to 1165 m(2)center dot g(-1)) allow efficient charge transfer and diffusion. The diarylamine (donor) unit promotes strong reduction properties, enabling these COFs to efficiently reduce oxygen to form H2O2. Overall, the use of a metal-free, recyclable photocatalytic system allows efficient photocatalytic solar transformations.
Modeling the return rates of stock via EM algorithm
Creators: name: Chou, Steve Che-Ming
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We consider a multi-stock market, where daily return process of each stock together with its mean rate of daily return are assumed to follow a continuous diffusion process, which is similar to a state-space system with linear Gaussian dynamics. Our major objective is to estimate the model parameters based on historical data. Our estimation method is an iterative method bases on the expectation maximization (or EM) algorithm.
Hybrid Tree Tensor Networks for quantum simulation
Creators: name: Schuhmacher, Julian
name: Ballarin, Marco
name: Baiardi, Alberto
name: Magnifico, Giuseppe
name: Tacchino, Francesco
name: Montangero, Simone
name: Tavernelli, Ivano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid Tensor Networks (hTN) offer a promising solution for encoding variational quantum states beyond the capabilities of efficient classical methods or noisy quantum computers alone. However, their practical usefulness and many operational aspects of hTN-based algorithms, like the optimization of hTNs, the generalization of standard contraction rules to an hybrid setting, and the design of application-oriented architectures have not been thoroughly investigated yet. In this work, we introduce a novel algorithm to perform ground state optimizations with hybrid Tree Tensor Networks (hTTNs), discussing its advantages and roadblocks, and identifying a set of promising applications. We benchmark our approach on two paradigmatic models, namely the Ising model at the critical point and the Toric code Hamiltonian. In both cases, we successfully demonstrate that hTTNs can improve upon classical equivalents with equal bond dimension in the classical part.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures
Situation of “University” and “Vongchavalitkul University”: A Study of 5-year Google Trends® Evidence
Creators: name: CHINUN BOONROUNGRUT
name: Natthaya Thamdee
name: Teeranart Chaiinkum
name: One, Kim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 140204 Economics of Education
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Searching frequency of each word can properly reflect the demand of those who explore data via internet. Data analysis using searching frequency of words benefits designing and planning policies in order to satisfy its customer’s need. This study aimed at finding the searching pattern of Vongchavalitkul University by each week, month, year, and province. The data was collected for 258 weeks starting from 2015 to 2019. The results of this study showed that searching frequency of Vongchavalitkul University was less than 1 percent of the word ‘University’ that has been searched in five years. Moreover, it is found that the increase and decrease of the words ‘Vongchavalitkul University’ and ‘University’ had a statistically significant correlation only on September (negative) and December (positive). People who were mostly searched live in Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, and Buriram provinces, respectively. This study declared the evidenceof the new searching pattern of the word ‘Vongchavalitkul University’ that was changed from 2019 due to the national adjustment of university admission period.
Detailed neuropathologic report of COVID-19 complicated by large intracerebral hemorrhage and periventricular lesions with macrophagic infiltrates
Creators: name: Levine, Adrian
name: Lee, Carol
name: Fava, Craig
name: Tsang, Frankie
name: McNeil, Kelly
name: Yip, Stephen T.
name: Hirsch-Reinshagen, Veronica
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2021

description: Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects a wide range of systems. Significant involvement of the central nervous system has been described, including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Thus far, neuropathologic reports of patients who passed away from COVID-19 have generally described non-specific findings, such as variable reactive gliosis and meningeal chronic inflammatory infiltrates, as well as the consequences of the infection’s systemic complications on the brain, including ischemic infarcts and hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy. The neuropathological changes in patients with COVID-19 and large hemorrhagic strokes have not been described in detail. We report the case of an elderly male who had a long course of COVID-19 and ultimately passed away from a large intracerebral hemorrhage. In addition to acute hemorrhage, neuropathologic examination demonstrated non-specific reactive changes and chronic periventricular lesions with macrophagic and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates without evidence of demyelination or presence of SARS-CoV-2 by PCR test. This manuscript expands the spectrum of reported neuropathological changes in patients with COVID-19.
description: Free Neuropathology, Vol 2 (2021)
Augustus versus Phraates IV. Some Remarks on the Parthian-Roman Relations
Creators: name: Olbrycht, Marek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 210302 Asian History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History
subject: 210306 Classical Greek and Roman History

description: Marek Jan Olbrycht, ‘Augustus versus Phraates IV. Some Remarks on the Parthian-Roman Relations’ in: Kai Ruffing, Kerstin Droß-Krüpe (eds.), Emas non quod opus est, sed quod necesse est. Beiträge zur Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Antike. Festschrift für Hans-Joachim Drexhage zum 70. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2018, 389-397.
Negative resistance state in superconducting NbSe$_2$ induced by surface acoustic waves
Creators: name: Yokoi, Masahiko
name: Fujiwara, Satoshi
name: Kawamura, Tomoya
name: Arakawa, Tomonori
name: Aoyama, Kazushi
name: Fukuyama, Hiroshi
name: Kobayashi, Kensuke
name: Niimi, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a negative resistance, namely, a voltage drop along the opposite direction of a current flow, in the superconducting gap of NbSe$_2$ thin films under the irradiation of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The amplitude of the negative resistance becomes larger by increasing the SAW power and decreasing temperature. As one possible scenario, we propose that soliton-antisoliton pairs in the charge density wave of NbSe$_2$ modulated by the SAW serve as a time-dependent capacitance in the superconducting state, leading to the dc negative resistance. The present experimental result would provide a previously unexplored way to examine nonequilibrium manipulation of the superconductivity.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Searching the Entirety of Kepler Data. II. Occurrence Rate Estimates for FGK Stars
Creators: name: Kunimoto, Michelle
name: Matthews, Jaymie M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exoplanet occurrence rates estimated with approximate Bayesian computation for planets with radii between 0.5 and 16 $R_{\bigoplus}$ and orbital periods between 0.78 and 400 days, orbiting FGK dwarf stars. We base our results on an independent planet catalogue compiled from our search of all ~200,000 stars observed over the Kepler mission, with precise planetary radii supplemented by Gaia DR2-incorporated stellar radii. We take into account detection and vetting efficiency, planet radius uncertainty, and reliability against transit-like noise signals in the data. By analyzing our FGK occurrence rates as well as those computed after separating F-, G-, and K-type stars, we explore dependencies on stellar effective temperature, planet radius, and orbital period. We reveal new characteristics of the photoevaporation-driven "radius gap" between ~1.5 and 2 $R_{\bigoplus}$, indicating that the bimodal distribution previously revealed for $P$ < 100 days exists only over a much narrower range of orbital periods, above which sub-Neptunes dominate and below which super-Earths dominate. Finally, we provide several estimates of the "eta-Earth" value -- the frequency of potentially habitable, rocky planets orbiting Sun-like stars. For planets with sizes 0.75 - 1.5 $R_{\bigoplus}$ orbiting in a conservatively defined habitable zone (0.99 - 1.70 AU) around G-type stars, we place an upper limit (84.1th percentile) of <0.18 planets per star.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Depinning and plasticity of driven disordered lattices
Creators: name: Marchetti, M. Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review in these notes the dynamics of extended condensed matter systesm, such as vortex lattices in type-II superconductors and charge density waves in anisotropic metals, driven over quenched disorder. We focus in particular on the case of strong disorder, where topological defects are generated in the driven lattice. In this case the repsonse is plastic and the depinning transition may become discontinuous and hysteretic.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings the XIX Sitges Conference on Jamming, Yielding, and Irreversible Deformations in Condensed Matter, Sitges, Barcelona, Spain, June 14-18, 2004
Industrial Infrastructure: Translocal Planning for Global Production in Ethiopia and Argentina
Creators: name: Beyer, Elke
name: Elsner, Lucas-Andrés
name: Hagemann, Anke
name: Misselwitz, Philipp
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 710 Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung
subject: Argentina
subject: China
subject: Ethiopia
subject: global production networks
subject: infrastructure-led development
subject: transnational urban spaces

description: Current development and re-development of industrial areas cannot be adequately understood without taking into account the organisational structures and logistics of commodity production on a planetary scale. Global production networks contribute not only to the reconfiguration of urban spatial and economic structures in many places, but they also give rise to novel transnational actor constellations, thus reconfiguring planning processes. This article explores such constellations and their urban outcomes by investigating two current cases of industrial development linked with multilateral transport-infrastructure provisioning in Ethiopia and Argentina. In both cases, international partners are involved, in particular with stakeholders based in China playing significant roles. In Mekelle, Ethiopia, we focus on the establishment of a commodity hub through the implementation of new industry parks for global garment production and road and rail connections to international seaports. In the Rosario metropolitan area in Argentina, major cargo rail and port facilities are under development to expand the country's most important ports for soybean export. By mapping the physical architectures of the industrial and infrastructure complexes and their urban contexts and tracing the translocal actor constellations involved in infrastructure provisioning and operation, we analyse the spatial impacts of the projects as well as the related implications for planning governance. The article contributes to emergent scholarship and theorisations of urban infrastructure and global production networks, as well as policy mobility and the transnational constitution of planning knowledge and practices.