Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: The Pierre Auger Collaboration
name: Aab, A.
name: Abreu, P.
name: Aglietta, M.
name: Albury, J. M.
name: Allekotte, I.
name: Almela, A.
name: Alvarez-Muñiz, J.
name: Batista, R. Alves
name: Anastasi, G. A.
name: Anchordoqui, L.
name: Andrada, B.
name: Andringa, S.
name: Aramo, C.
name: Ferreira, P. R. Araújo
name: Asorey, H.
name: Assis, P.
name: Avila, G.
name: Badescu, A. M.
name: Bakalova, A.
name: Balaceanu, A.
name: Barbato, F.
name: Luz, R. J. Barreira
name: Becker, K. H.
name: Bellido, J. A.
name: Berat, C.
name: Bertaina, M. E.
name: Bertou, X.
name: Biermann, P. L.
name: Bister, T.
name: Biteau, J.
name: Blazek, J.
name: Bleve, C.
name: Boháčová, M.
name: Boncioli, D.
name: Bonifazi, C.
name: Arbeletche, L. Bonneau
name: Borodai, N.
name: Botti, A. M.
name: Brack, J.
name: Bretz, T.
name: Briechle, F. L.
name: Buchholz, P.
name: Bueno, A.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Buscemi, M.
name: Caballero-Mora, K. S.
name: Caccianiga, L.
name: Cancio, A.
name: Canfora, F.
name: Caracas, I.
name: Carceller, J. M.
name: Caruso, R.
name: Castellina, A.
name: Catalani, F.
name: Cataldi, G.
name: Cazon, L.
name: Cerda, M.
name: Chinellato, J. A.
name: Choi, K.
name: Chudoba, J.
name: Chytka, L.
name: Clay, R. W.
name: Cerutti, A. C. Cobos
name: Colalillo, R.
name: Coleman, A.
name: Coluccia, M. R.
name: Conceição, R.
name: Condorelli, A.
name: Consolati, G.
name: Contreras, F.
name: Convenga, F.
name: Covault, C. E.
name: Dasso, S.
name: Daumiller, K.
name: Dawson, B. R.
name: Day, J. A.
name: de Almeida, R. M.
name: de Jesús, J.
name: de Jong, S. J.
name: De Mauro, G.
name: Neto, J. R. T. de Mello
name: De Mitri, I.
name: de Oliveira, J.
name: Franco, D. de Oliveira
name: de Souza, V.
name: De Vito, E.
name: Debatin, J.
name: del Río, M.
name: Deligny, O.
name: Dembinski, H.
name: Dhital, N.
name: Di Matteo, A.
name: Dobrigkeit, C.
name: D'Olivo, J. C.
name: Anjos, R. C. dos
name: Dova, M. T.
name: Ebr, J.
name: Engel, R.
name: Epicoco, I.
name: Erdmann, M.
name: Escobar, C. O.
name: Etchegoyen, A.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Farmer, J.
name: Farrar, G.
name: Fauth, A. C.
name: Fazzini, N.
name: Feldbusch, F.
name: Fenu, F.
name: Fick, B.
name: Figueira, J. M.
name: Filipčič, A.
name: Fodran, T.
name: Freire, M. M.
name: Fujii, T.
name: Fuster, A.
name: Galea, C.
name: Galelli, C.
name: García, B.
name: Vegas, A. L. Garcia
name: Gemmeke, H.
name: Gesualdi, F.
name: Gherghel-Lascu, A.
name: Ghia, P. L.
name: Giaccari, U.
name: Giammarchi, M.
name: Giller, M.
name: Glombitza, J.
name: Gobbi, F.
name: Gollan, F.
name: Golup, G.
name: Berisso, M. Gómez
name: Vitale, P. F. Gómez
name: Gongora, J. P.
name: González, N.
name: Goos, I.
name: Góra, D.
name: Gorgi, A.
name: Gottowik, M.
name: Grubb, T. D.
name: Guarino, F.
name: Guedes, G. P.
name: Guido, E.
name: Hahn, S.
name: Halliday, R.
name: Hampel, M. R.
name: Hansen, P.
name: Harari, D.
name: Harvey, V. M.
name: Haungs, A.
name: Hebbeker, T.
name: Heck, D.
name: Hill, G. C.
name: Hojvat, C.
name: Hörandel, J. R.
name: Horvath, P.
name: Hrabovský, M.
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name: Hulsman, J.
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name: Isar, P. G.
name: Johnsen, J. A.
name: Jurysek, J.
name: Kääpä, A.
name: Kampert, K. H.
name: Keilhauer, B.
name: Kemp, J.
name: Klages, H. O.
name: Kleifges, M.
name: Kleinfeller, J.
name: Köpke, M.
name: Mezek, G. Kukec
name: Lago, B. L.
name: LaHurd, D.
name: Lang, R. G.
name: Langner, N.
name: de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui
name: Lenok, V.
name: Letessier-Selvon, A.
name: Lhenry-Yvon, I.
name: Presti, D. Lo
name: Lopes, L.
name: López, R.
name: Lorek, R.
name: Luce, Q.
name: Lucero, A.
name: Lundquist, J. P.
name: Payeras, A. Machado
name: Mancarella, G.
name: Mandat, D.
name: Manning, B. C.
name: Manshanden, J.
name: Mantsch, P.
name: Marafico, S.
name: Mariazzi, A. G.
name: Mariş, I. C.
name: Marsella, G.
name: Martello, D.
name: Martinez, H.
name: Bravo, O. Martínez
name: Mastrodicasa, M.
name: Mathes, H. J.
name: Matthews, J.
name: Matthiae, G.
name: Mayotte, E.
name: Mazur, P. O.
name: Medina-Tanco, G.
name: Melo, D.
name: Menshikov, A.
name: Merenda, K. -D.
name: Michal, S.
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name: Miramonti, L.
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name: Morello, C.
name: Mostafá, M.
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name: Muller, M. A.
name: Mulrey, K.
name: Mussa, R.
name: Muzio, M.
name: Namasaka, W. M.
name: Nellen, L.
name: Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.
name: Niechciol, M.
name: Nitz, D.
name: Nosek, D.
name: Novotny, V.
name: Nožka, L.
name: Nucita, A
name: Núñez, L. A.
name: Palatka, M.
name: Pallotta, J.
name: Papenbreer, P.
name: Parente, G.
name: Parra, A.
name: Pech, M.
name: Pedreira, F.
name: Pękala, J.
name: Pelayo, R.
name: Peña-Rodriguez, J.
name: Armand, J. Perez
name: Perlin, M.
name: Perrone, L.
name: Petrera, S.
name: Pierog, T.
name: Pimenta, M.
name: Pirronello, V.
name: Platino, M.
name: Pont, B.
name: Pothast, M.
name: Privitera, P.
name: Prouza, M.
name: Puyleart, A.
name: Querchfeld, S.
name: Rautenberg, J.
name: Ravignani, D.
name: Reininghaus, M.
name: Ridky, J.
name: Riehn, F.
name: Risse, M.
name: Ristori, P.
name: Rizi, V.
name: de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues
name: Rojo, J. Rodriguez
name: Roncoroni, M. J.
name: Roth, M.
name: Roulet, E.
name: Rovero, A. C.
name: Ruehl, P.
name: Saffi, S. J.
name: Saftoiu, A.
name: Salamida, F.
name: Salazar, H.
name: Salina, G.
name: Gomez, J. D. Sanabria
name: Sánchez, F.
name: Santos, E. M.
name: Santos, E.
name: Sarazin, F.
name: Sarmento, R.
name: Sarmiento-Cano, C.
name: Sato, R.
name: Savina, P.
name: Schäfer, C. M.
name: Scherini, V.
name: Schieler, H.
name: Schimassek, M.
name: Schimp, M.
name: Schlüter, F.
name: Schmidt, D.
name: Scholten, O.
name: Schovánek, P.
name: Schröder, F. G.
name: Schröder, S.
name: Schulte, J.
name: Sciutto, S. J.
name: Scornavacche, M.
name: Shellard, R. C.
name: Sigl, G.
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name: Stadelmaier, M.
name: Stanca, D.
name: Stanič, S.
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name: Stassi, P.
name: Streich, A.
name: Suárez-Durán, M.
name: Sudholz, T.
name: Suomijärvi, T.
name: Supanitsky, A. D.
name: Šupík, J.
name: Szadkowski, Z.
name: Taboada, A.
name: Tapia, A.
name: Timmermans, C.
name: Tkachenko, O.
name: Tobiska, P.
name: Peixoto, C. J. Todero
name: Tomé, B.
name: Elipe, G. Torralba
name: Travaini, A.
name: Travnicek, P.
name: Trimarelli, C.
name: Trini, M.
name: Tueros, M.
name: Ulrich, R.
name: Unger, M.
name: Vaclavek, L.
name: Vacula, M.
name: Galicia, J. F. Valdés
name: Valiño, I.
name: Valore, L.
name: Varela, E.
name: C., V. Varma K.
name: Vásquez-Ramírez, A.
name: Veberič, D.
name: Ventura, C.
name: Quispe, I. D. Vergara
name: Verzi, V.
name: Vicha, J.
name: Vink, J.
name: Vorobiov, S.
name: Wahlberg, H.
name: Watson, A. A.
name: Weber, M.
name: Weindl, A.
name: Wiencke, L.
name: Wilczyński, H.
name: Winchen, T.
name: Wirtz, M.
name: Wittkowski, D.
name: Wundheiler, B.
name: Yushkov, A.
name: Zapparrata, O.
name: Zas, E.
name: Zavrtanik, D.
name: Zavrtanik, M.
name: Zehrer, L.
name: Zepeda, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
description: Published version, 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, Supplemental material appended