cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Land Cover in a Managed Forest Ecosystem: Mexican Shade Coffee
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Albers, Heidi J.
name: Sartorio, Beatriz Avalos
name: Crooks, Lisa
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Albers, Heidi J.
name: Sartorio, Beatriz Avalos
name: Crooks, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: deforestation
subject: managed forest ecosystem
subject: agroforestry
subject: shade-grown coffee
subject: Mexico
subject: spatial econometrics
subject: land cover

description: Managed forest ecosystems-agroforestry systems in which crops such as coffee and bananas are planted side-by-side with woody perennials-are being touted as a means of safeguarding forests along with the ecological services they provide. Yet we know little about the determinants of land cover in such systems, information needed to design effective forest conservation policies. This paper presents a first-ever spatial regression analysis of land cover in a managed forest ecosystem-a shade coffee region of coastal Mexico. Using high-resolution land cover data derived from aerial photographs, along with data on the institutional, geophysical, socioeconomic, and agronomic characteristics of the study area, we find that plots in close proximity to urban centers are less likely to be cleared, all other things equal. This finding contrasts sharply with the literature on natural forests. In addition, we find that membership in coffee marketing cooperatives, farm size, and certain soil types are associated with forest cover, while common property, proximity to small town centers, and the prevalence of indigenous peoples are associated with forest clearing.
Issues at the Forefront of Public Policy for Environmental Risk: Comments for the American Meteorological Society's Annual Policy Colloquium
Creators: name: MacAuley, Molly K.
name: MacAuley, Molly K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: risk
subject: environment
subject: public policy
subject: economics

description: The lay of the policy land for addressing and managing environmental risk includes the hillock of the precautionary principle, the mountain of the practice and ethics of monetary valuation, and the tectonic plates of real-world innovations in markets and trading exchanges for nonmarketed environmental goods. This paper offers an overview of these contemporary and as yet unresolved issues and asks how each might be addressed in disparate environmental risks such as lightning, climate change, and severe weather. The overview focuses on issues that may be of interest to the American Meteorological Society's annual policy colloquium.
Isostasy with Love: II Airy compensation arising from viscoelastic relaxation
Creators: name: Beuthe, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In modern geodynamics, isostasy can be viewed either as the static equilibrium of the crust that minimizes deviatoric stresses, or as a dynamic process resulting from the viscous relaxation of the non-hydrostatic crustal shape. Paper I gave a general formulation of Airy isostasy as an elastic loading problem solved with Love numbers, and applied it to the case of minimum stress isostasy. In this sequel, the same framework is used to study Airy isostasy as the long-time evolution of a viscoelastic shell submitted to surface and internal loads. Isostatic ratios are defined in terms of time-dependent deviatoric Love numbers. Dynamic isostasy depends on the loading history, two examples of which are the constant load applied on the surface in the far past and the constant shape maintained by addition or removal of material at the compensation depth. The former model results in a shape decreasing exponentially with time and has no elastic analog, whereas the latter (stationary) model is equivalent to a form of elastic isostasy. Viscoelastic and viscous approaches are completely equivalent. If both load and shape vary slowly with time, isostatic ratios look like those of the stationary model. Isostatic models thus belong to two independent groups: the elastic/stationary approaches and the time-dependent approaches. If the shell is homogeneous, all models predict a similar compensation of large-scale gravity perturbations. If the shell rheology depends on depth, stationary models predict more compensation at long wavelengths, whereas time-dependent models result in negligible compensation. Mathematica and Fortran codes are available for computing the isostatic ratios of an incompressible body with three homogeneous layers.
description: 51 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; revised version submitted to Geophysical Journal International
Filling Gaps in Chaotic Time Series
Creators: name: Paparella, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for filling arbitrarily wide gaps in deterministic time series. Crucial to the method is the ability to apply Takens' theorem in order to reconstruct the dynamics underlying the time series. We introduce a functional to evaluate how compatible is a filling sequence of data with the reconstructed dynamics. An algorithm for minimizing the functional with a reasonable computational effort is then discussed.
description: 14 pages (REVTeX preprint), 4 figures
Simulation of guiding of multiply charged projectiles through insulating capillaries
Creators: name: Schiessl, K.
name: Palfinger, W.
name: Tokesi, K.
name: Nowotny, H.
name: Lemell, C.
name: Burgdorfer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have demonstrated that highly charged ions can be guided through insulating nanocapillaries along the direction of the capillary axis for a surprisingly wide range of injection angles. Even more surprisingly, the transmitted particles remain predominantly in their initial charge state, thus opening the pathway to the construction of novel ion-optical elements without electric feedthroughs. We present a theoretical treatment of this self-organized guiding process. We develop a classical trajectory transport theory that relates the microscopic charge-up with macroscopic material properties. Transmission coefficients, angular spread of transmitted particles, and discharge characteristics of the target are investigated. Partial agreement with experiment is found.
CO2 Allowance Allocation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and the Effect on Electricity Investors
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Kahn, Danny
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Kahn, Danny
name: Palmer, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emissions trading
subject: allowance allocations
subject: electricity
subject: air pollution
subject: auction
subject: grandfathering
subject: generation-performance standard
subject: output-based allocation
subject: cost-effectiveness
subject: greenhouse gases
subject: climate change
subject: global warming
subject: carbon dioxide
subject: asset value

description: The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is an effort by nine Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states to develop a regional, mandatory, market-based cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electricity sector. The initiative is expected to lead to an increase in the price of electricity in the RGGI region and beyond. The implications of these changes for the value of electricity-generating assets and the market value of the firms that own them depends on the initial allocation of carbon dioxide allowances, the composition of generating assets owned by the firm, and the locations of those assets. Changes in asset values inside the RGGI region may be positive or negative, whereas changes outside of the RGGI region are almost always positive but nonetheless vary greatly. Viewing changes at the firm level aggregates and moderates both positive and negative effects on market value compared with what would be observed by looking at changes at individual facilities. Nonetheless, a particular firm's portfolio of assets is unlikely to reflect the overall composition of assets in the industry as a whole, and some firms are likely to do substantially better or worse than the industry average.
The Benefits of Reduced Air Pollutants in the U.S. from Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Toman, Michael
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: ancillary benefits
subject: air pollution
subject: co-control benefits

description: Policies that reduce emissions of greenhouse gases can simultaneously alter emissions of conventional pollutants that have deleterious effects on human health and the environment. This paper first describes how these "ancillary" benefits--benefits in addition to reduced risks of climate change--can result from greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts. It then discusses methodologies for assessing ancillary benefits and provides a critical review of estimates associated with reductions of criteria air pollutants. We find that these benefits in the U.S. may be significant, indicating a higher level of "no regrets" greenhouse gas abatement than might be expected based on simple economic calculations of abatement cost. However, the magnitude of ancillary benefits realized by any program of GHG mitigation is highly dependent on the location, pollutant, degree of exposure, and the economic behavior of individuals in response to the program. It is also highly dependent on the interaction of GHG abatement policies with the policies used for regulating conventional pollutants. We identify a rule of thumb to suggest ancillary benefits could be on the order of 30 percent of the incremental cost of GHG mitigation. For modest carbon reduction that do not result in changes in emissions of sulfur dioxide by electric utilities, ancillary benefits may be as high as $7 per ton. Greater benefits could be obtained with larger GHG reductions, although the costs of abatement would also be much greater.
Dynamic light textures
Creators: name: Brooks, Stephen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A central motivation of computer graphics research is the generation of images, which approximate views of objects with sufficient detail as to render the distinction between the real and the artificial difficult or impossible. Much of the required visual complexity can be found on the surfaces of objects. Rich textures, such as animal fur or heavy cloths, introduce a level of detail which is immediately recognized as natural by the human visual system. It is, however, the detail of complex macro-structured surfaces which makes them difficult to model and expensive to render. Presented in this thesis is a new method for the rendering of complex natural surfaces, which combines traditional 2D texturing and light field rendering. Here, real surfaces are approximated utilizing light emitted from complex surfaces, captured and tiled as surface light textures. As a form of texturing this method inherits issues associated with other types of texturing. But, with this new form of texturing we also see the introduction of research problems that are unique to the method. For example, lowincidence object silhouettes are given special consideration as the real texture edges are grafted at surface silhouettes to avoid unrealistic smooth polygonal or spline boundaries. Moreover, we partially overcome the static nature of light fields with a complementary technique which animates the parameter space of the light field rather than the original captured object.
Public Participation in Environmental Decisions: An Evaluation Framework Using Social Goals
Creators: name: Beierle, Thomas C.
name: Beierle, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: public participation
subject: alternative dispute resolution
subject: consensus building
subject: public hearing
subject: advisory committee
subject: regulatory negotiation
subject: mediation
subject: evaluation
subject: trust
subject: social capital

description: This paper presents a framework for evaluating mechanisms that involve the public in environmental decision-making. These include traditional participatory mechanisms--such as public hearings, notice and comment procedures, and advisory committees--as well as those considered more innovative--such as regulatory negotiations, mediations, and citizen juries. The framework is based on a set of "social goals," defined as those goals which are valued outcomes of a participatory process, but which transcend the immediate interests of any party in that process. The goals are: educating the public, incorporating public values and knowledge into decision-making, building trust, reducing conflict, and assuring cost-effective decision-making. The paper begins with a discussion of the need for an evaluative framework which 1) identifies the strengths and weaknesses of a number of different participatory mechanisms, 2) is "objective" in the sense of not taking the perspective of any one party to a decision, and 3) measures tangible outcomes. Section One presents the social goals framework as an approach for meeting these objectives. It illustrates how the framework can be applied to one case study in environmental decision-making: the performance of the Restoration Advisory Board at the Fort Ord military base in California. In Section Two, we contrast the social goals framework with two alternative approaches to evaluation, one based on participatory processes and one based on stakeholder interests. We find that, while useful for answering some questions about public involvement, these two approaches fail to meet all three objectives and may miss important information about the success of a particular participatory effort. In Section Three we take a closer look at participatory mechanisms and discusses how each is likely to perform against the various social goals.
THE DESIGN OF TWO PROTEINS THAT HAVE 100% SEQUENCE IDENTITY BUT ENCODE DIFFERENT FOLDS
Creators: name: Motabar, Dana
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biomedical engineering
subject: Protein Design
subject: Protein Engineering
subject: Protein Evolution

description: It is well-established that proteins adopt specific three-dimensional structures. However, examples of proteins that can adopt more than one folded state have become increasingly more common. The objective of this thesis is to determine how three common, small folds are connected in sequence space. The folds this work focuses on are a 3-α-helix bundle, an α/β plait, and a 4β+α fold. Topological alignment and site-directed mutagenesis were used to develop engineered variants of the 3-α-helix bundle and the α/β plait folds that maintain their highly distinct native folds even though their sequences are 100% identical. CD and NMR data suggest that both proteins were stable and folded. This engineered fold switch demonstrates that the fold preference of a sequence is dependent upon stabilizing interactions within the context of the protein. These fold switching proteins have important implications in areas such as protein design, human disease, and structural biology.
Microlensing of the X-ray, UV and optical emission regions of quasars: Simulations of the time-scales and amplitude variations of microlensing events
Creators: name: Jovanović, P.
name: Zakharov, A. F.
name: Popović, L. Č.
name: Petrović, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the influence of microlensing on different spectral bands of lensed QSOs. We assumed that the emitting X-ray, UV and optical regions are different in size, but that the continuum emission in these spectral bands is originating from an accretion disc. Estimations of the time scales for microlensing and flux amplification in different bands are given. We found that the microlensing duration should be shorter in the X-ray (several months) than in UV/optical emitting region (several years). This result indicates that monitoring of the X-ray variations in lensed QSOs that show a 'flux anomaly' can clarify the source of this anomaly.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Prices vs. Quantities Revisited: The Case of Climate Change
Creators: name: Pizer, William A.
name: Pizer, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: climate change
subject: policy under uncertainty
subject: price and quantity controls
subject: general equilibrium modeling

description: Uncertainty about compliance costs causes otherwise equivalent price and quantity controls to behave differently. Price controls - in the form of taxes - fix the marginal cost of compliance and lead to uncertain levels of compliance. Meanwhile quantity controls - in the form of tradable permits or quotas - fix the level of compliance but result in uncertain marginal costs. This fundamental difference in the face of cost uncertainty leads to different welfare outcomes for the two policy instruments. Seminal work by Weitzman (1974) clarified this point and derived theoretical conditions under which one policy is preferred to the other. This paper applies this principal to the issue of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) control, using a global integrated climate economy model to simulate the consequences of uncertainty and to compare the efficiency of taxes and permits empirically. The results indicate that an optimal tax policy generates gains which are five times higher than the optimal permit policy - a $337 billion dollar gain versus $69 billion at the global level. This result follows from Weitzman's original intuition that relatively flat marginal benefits/damages favor taxes, a feature that drops out of standard assumptions about the nature of climate damages. A hybrid policy, suggested by Roberts and Spence (1976), is also explored. Such a policy uses an initial distribution of tradeable permits to set a target emission level, but then allows additional permits to be purchased at a fixed "trigger" price. The optimal hybrid policy leads to welfare benefits only slightly higher than the optimal tax policy. Relative to the tax policy, however, the hybrid preserves the ability to flexibly distribute the rents associated with the right to emit. Perhaps more importantly for policy discussions, a sub-optimal hybrid policy, based on a stringent target and high trigger price (e.g., 1990 emissions and a $100/tC trigger), generates much better welfare outcomes than a straight permit system with the same target. Both of these features suggest that a hybrid policy is a more attractive alternative to either a straight tax or permit system.
Climate Change Catastrophes
Creators: name: Pizer, William A.
name: Pizer, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: global warming
subject: prices versus quantities
subject: stock externalities
subject: integrated assessment
subject: uncertainty

description: Most studies that compare price and quantity controls for greenhouse gas emissions under uncertainty find that price mechanisms perform substantially better. In these studies, the benefits from reducing emissions are proportional to the level of reductions, and such linear benefits strongly favor price policies (Weitzman 1974). Catastrophic damages, however, challenge that intuition as consequences become highly nonlinear. Catastrophe avoidance offers huge benefits, and incremental adjustments on either side of the associated threshold are relatively unimportant, suggesting a strong preference for quantity controls. This paper shows that with catastrophic damages, both price and quantity mechanisms offer large gains over the business-as-usual alternative, and the difference between policies is never more than 10%. Catastrophe avoidance is much more important than efficient catastrophe avoidance. Although previous studies favoring price policies in the presence of uncertainty have worried that catastrophes would reverse their results, this analysis indicates that such concerns are not borne out.
D2.3 - Roadmap for the implementation of the European Childhood Cancer ecosystem
Creators: name: Cattaneo, Carlotta
name: Mercado, Juan
name: Barrio, Santiago
name: Graf, Norbert
name: Brossette, Christian
name: Scipione, Jacopo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: EU4CHILD is an EU-funded project whose goal is to understand how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help improve pediatric cancer care. This deliverable develops the analyses carried out in D.2.2 on the state of the art of AI applied to pediatric oncology and aims to propose the main issues that need to be addressed for the effective and efficient development of an ecosystem that promotes AI to support pediatric cancer care. The pediatric oncology ecosystem is complex and multi-stakeholder, and the effective implementation of AI still encounters several types of challenges. We have grouped them into three main areas: clinical and quality of care; data quality and availability; and data trustworthiness, privacy and security. As AI in pediatric oncology is still in its infancy, this document aims to provide, especially for policy makers, some insights and recommendations on what the clinical applications are where AI can provide relevant benefits, and how to overcome the current barriers related to data collection, processing, and sharing to incentivize the development and adoption of AI-based solutions in the field.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Call for Pilot Projects and Preparatory Actions (PPPA) under Grant Agreement No 101018783
From the Spectrum to Inflation: A Second Order Inverse Formula for the General Slow-Roll Spectrum
Creators: name: Joy, Minu
name: Stewart, Ewan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We invert the second order, single field, general slow-roll formula for the power spectrum, to obtain a second order formula for inflationary parameters in terms of the primordial power spectrum.
Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: Does Latency Matter?
Creators: name: Alberini, Anna
name: Cropper, Maureen L.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Cropper, Maureen L.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: value of a statistical life
subject: mortality risks
subject: cost-benefit analysis

description: Using results from two contingent valuation surveys conducted in Canada and the United States, we explore the effect of a latency period on willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced mortality risk using both structural and reduced form approaches. We find that delaying the time at which the risk reduction occurs by 10 to 30 years significantly reduces WTP for respondents aged 40 to 60 years. Additionally, we estimate implicit discount rates equal to 8% for Canada and 4.5% for the United States-both well within the range established previously in the literature.
Baraxina lescheni Hlaváč & Jałoszyński 2021, sp. n.
Creators: name: Hlaváč, Peter
name: Jałoszyński, Paweł
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Baraxina
Baraxina lescheni

description: Baraxina lescheni sp. n. (Fig. 34) Material studied. Holotype: ♁: NEW CALEDONIA, with one label: " NEW CALEDONIA / Prov. Sud, Col d'Amieu / 16.III.2007, R. Leschen / under bark / NC044b, 475 m / 21°33'25''S / 165°45'11''E " [white, printed] (MNHN). Paratype: 1 ♀: same data as for holotype (NZAC). Diagnosis. Profemora in males with bent basal spine; antennomeres 9 and 10 each as long as wide; pronotum conspicuously transverse; transverse basal impression of first visible abdominal tergite well-defined, with discal carinae long, reaching basal third of tergite; aedeagus slender, symmetrical, with subtriangular group of small endophallic sclerites just behind truncate apex, and parameres lacking setae. Description. Body bicoloured, head and pronotum pitchy black, elytra, abdomen, maxillary palpi, antennae and legs reddish-brown. Body length 2.11 mm, maximum width 0.85 mm. Head 1.08 times as long as wide. External apical margin of maxillary palpomere 2 evenly rounded, not projecting; palpomere 3 subrectangular, external margin rounded; palpomere 4 slender, 0.34 mm long, 4.67 times as long as wide. Antennae 1.07 mm long, scape 2.31 times as long as pedicel; pedicel only 1.14 times as long as antennomere 3; antennomeres 3, 7 and 9 subequal in length; antennomere 5 long, 1.25 times as long as 6; antennomere 6 equally long as pedicel and 1.14 times as long as 7; antennomeres 9 and 10 each as long as wide; antennomere 10 1.57 times as long as 9; antennomere 11 0.21 mm long, asymmetrical, with basal notch. Pronotum strongly transverse, 1.45 times as wide as long, 1.13 times as long and 1.40 times as long as head. Elytra 1.79 times as long as pronotum, 1.23 times as wide as long. First visible abdominal tergite (IV) with basal impression well-defined, with discal carinae long, reaching basal third of tergite. Profemora with basal spine bent outwards; protibia in apical fourth with spine. Aedeagus (Fig. 34) in dorsal view symmetrical, 0.45 mm long, apex of median lobe undivided, truncate; endophallic sclerites conspicuously small, forming transverse subtriangular group just behind aedeagal apex; parameres with rounded apices, lacking setae. Etymology. Named after Rich Leschen (NZAC), who collected the holotype. Distribution. New Caledonia, Southern Province. Remarks. The only known specimen was found under bark.
description: Published as part of Hlaváč, Peter & Jałoszyński, Paweł, 2021, The Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. IV. Revision of the genus Baraxina Raffray, 1896, pp. 193-216 in Zootaxa 4941 (2) on pages 210-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4594979
Using Emissions Trading to Regulate U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: An Overview of Policy Design and Implementation Issues
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Toman, Michael
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: emissions trading
subject: environmental policy design

description: In Kyoto in 1997, the US government agreed that between 2008 and 2012 it would limit average annual emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to seven percent below 1990 levels. As participants in the climate policy debate consider various means by which limits on US GHG emissions might be undertaken in the wake of the Kyoto agreement, there is considerable interest but also some confusion about how a GHG trading program could be organized and operated in practice. In this paper we address several aspects of policy design for a US system, such as who and what is covered by regulation, the organization of the trading system, how carbon permits are allocated, and how a system could be initiated and changed over time. The paper synthesizes existing analyses and adds new insights concerning uncertainty, intertemporal consistency, market institutions, and interactions with the tax system. Our fundamental conclusion is that a domestic "cap-and-trade" system with homogeneous permits applied to control flows of fossil fuels "upstream" in the energy system (along with selective inclusion of other gases and CO2 "sinks"), with permits auctioned periodically by the government, has the most appeal of different trading systems on efficiency and distributional grounds, though it may suffer politically because of its close resemblance to a carbon tax. We identify auction mechanisms that appear to be feasible and efficient for carbon permit allocation. We further argue that while the private sector should bear the "external" risk of changes in total permit availability as a consequence of modifications in international agreements, and that an auctioned upstream program provides more protection against the "internal" risk of efficiency-reducing opportunism by government regulators than other trading mechanisms.
Stormwater Runoff and Water Quality Modeling in Urban Maryland
Creators: name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Urbanization significantly affects storm water runoff through the creation of new impervious surfaces such as highways, parking lots, and rooftops. Such changes can adversely impact the downstream receiving water bodies in terms of physical, chemical, and biological conditions. In order to mitigate the effects of urbanization on downstream water bodies, stormwater control measures (SCMs) have been widely used (e.g., infiltration basins, bioswales). A suite of observations from an infiltration basin installed adjacent to a highway in urban Maryland was used to evaluate stormwater runoff attenuation and pollutant removal rates at the well-instrumented SCM study site. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to simulate the performance of the SCM. An automatic, split-sample calibration framework was developed to improve SWMM performance efficiency. The results indicate SWMM can accurately reproduce the hydraulic response of the SCM (in terms of reproducing measured inflow) during spring, fall, and winter, but is less accurate in reproducing measured outflow during summer time. Similar results were found for the modeled (and observed) inflow water quality constituent, total suspended solids (TSS).
THE RISE OF KENYAN SUPERMARKETS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THEIR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Neven, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Neven, David
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Supermarkets are rapidly penetrating urban food retail in Kenya and spreading well beyond their initial tiny market niche into the food markets of lower-income groups. Having penetrated processed and staple food markets much earlier and faster than fresh foods, they have recently begun to make inroads into the fresh fruits and vegetables category. The important changes in their procurement systems bring significant opportunities and challenges for small farmers, and have implications for agricultural diversification and rural development programmes and policies.
Secular Evolution Via Bar-Driven Gas Inflow: Results from BIMA SONG
Creators: name: Sheth, Kartik
name: Vogel, Stuart N.
name: Regan, Michael W.
name: Thornley, Michele D.
name: Teuben, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the molecular gas distributions in the 29 barred and 15 unbarred spirals in BIMA SONG. For CO-bright galaxies, we confirm the conclusion by Sakamoto et al. (1999b) that barred spirals have higher molecular gas concentrations in the central kiloparsec. The SONG sample also includes 27 galaxies below the CO brightness limit used by Sakamoto et al. Even in these CO-faint galaxies we show that high central gas concentrations are more common in barred galaxies, consistent with radial inflow driven by the bar. However, there is a significant population of early-type (Sa--Sbc) barred spirals (6 of 19) that have little or no molecular gas detected in the nuclear region and out to the bar co-rotation radius. In these galaxies, the bar has already driven most of the gas within the bar to the nuclear region, where it has been consumed by star formation. The median nuclear gas mass is over four times higher in early type bars; since the gas consumption rate is an order of magnitude higher in early type bars, early types must have significantly higher bar-driven inflows. The lower inflow rates in late type bars can be attributed to differences in bar structure between early and late types. Despite bar-driven inflows, the data indicate that it is highly unlikely for a late type galaxy to evolve into an early type via bar-induced gas inflow. Nonetheless, secular evolutionary processes are undoubtedly present, and pseudo-bulges are inevitable; evidence for pseudo-bulges is likely to be clearest in early-type galaxies because of their high gas inflow rates and higher star formation activity (abridged).
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Gravitational Dyonic Amplitude at One-Loop and its Inconsistency with the Classical Impulse
Creators: name: Kim, Jung-Wook
name: Shim, Myungbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent proposal [1911.06318, 2010.07861] of implementing electric-magnetic duality rotation at the level of perturbative scattering amplitudes and its generalisation to gravitational context where usual gravitational mass is rotated to the NUT parameter of the Taub-NUT spacetime opens up an interesting avenue for studying NUT-charged objects as dynamical entities, in contrast to the usual approach where NUT-charged objects are considered as a static background. We extend the tree-order analysis to one-loop order and find a disagreement between geodesic motion on Taub-NUT background and impulse computation of scattering amplitudes. As a by-product of our analysis, we find a relation between tidal response parameters and resonance excitation parameters in the language of quantum field theory scattering amplitudes.
description: 32 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables; version published + minor updates; any comments welcome
Enhanced Maturity Modeling Analysis For Sustainable Mixtures Using High Volume Fly Ash
Creators: name: Pendharkar, Shardul Shrikant
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Construction industry is reluctant to use high volumes of fly ash in concrete due to slower rate of strength gain observed in high volume fly ash concretes. Fly ash, a by-product of coal industry, is readily available on large scale, has cementitious properties and can be used as cheaper substitute for cement. In case of large concrete structures, a phenomenon known as mass effect is observed which cures the concrete at higher temperature thereby accelerating the rate of strength development in early ages. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that, although the rate of strength gain is slower in HVFA concrete, sufficient early age strength is developed due to mass effect observed in large concrete structures. A 14-day maturity based approach was adopted to develop prediction models which can estimate in-place strength of HVFA concrete mixtures by taking into account the mass effect of concrete. The results maturity are compared against the existing methods and also with 28-day based maturity models and attempt is made to select the best approach of in-place strength determination.
Extremal Effective Field Theories
Creators: name: Caron-Huot, Simon
name: Van Duong, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective field theories (EFT) parameterize the long-distance effects of short-distance dynamics whose details may or may not be known. It is known that EFT coefficients must obey certain positivity constraints if causality and unitarity are satisfied at all scales. We explore those constraints from the perspective of 2 to 2 scattering amplitudes of a light real scalar field, using semi-definite programming to carve out the space of allowed EFT coefficients for a given mass threshold M. We point out that all EFT parameters are bounded both below and above, effectively showing that dimensional analysis scaling is a consequence of causality. This includes the coefficients of four- and six-derivative interactions. We present simple extremal amplitudes which realize, or "rule in", kinks in coefficient space and whose convex hull span a large fraction of the allowed space.
description: 29+6 pages, 12 figures and 3 tables. References added, published version
Campylobacter spp. in bulk tank milk and milk filters from US dairy farms
Creators: name: Del Collo, Laura P
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Animal sciences
subject: Food science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: bulk tank milk
subject: Campylobacter
subject: dairy
subject: milk filters

description: Campylobacter spp. are a common cause of foodborne outbreaks associated with raw or unpasteurized milk, and Campylobacter spp. have also been detected on most dairies in the US. An estimate of the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in bulk tank milk (BTM) on US dairy operations was determined as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System’s Dairy 2014 study. Campylobacter spp. were detected in the BTM and milk filters from 34.2% of the 234 dairies. Isolates were obtained from 18.4% of the dairies. C. jejuni was the most frequently isolated species, and this species is also the most common cause of human infection. When resistance to a panel of nine antimicrobials was tested, 68.4% of C. jejuni isolates were resistant to tetracycline. This survey suggests that BTM from US dairies can be contaminated with pathogenic Campylobacter spp., and the consumption of unpasteurized, raw milk represents a human health risk.
An Inverse Look at the Center of M15
Creators: name: Chakrabarty, Dalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed radial and transverse velocities of individual stars in M15 are implemented as inputs to a fully non-parametric code (CHASSIS) in order to estimate the equilibrium stellar distribution function and the three-dimensional mass density profile. In particular, the paper explores the possibility of the existence of a central black hole in M15 via several runs that utilize the radial velocity data set which offers kinematic measurements closer to the centre of the cluster than the proper motion data. These runs are distinguished from each other in the choice of the initial seed for the cluster characteristics; however, the profiles identified by the algorithm at the end of each run concur with each other, within error bars, thus confirming the robustness of CHASSIS. The recovered density profiles are noted to exhibit unequivocal flattening, inner to about 0.0525pc. Also, the enclosed mass profile is very close to being a power-law function of radius inside 0.1pc and is not horizontal. Simplistically speaking, these trends negate the possibility of the central mass to be concentrated in a black hole, the lower bound on the radius of the sphere of influence of which would be $\gtrsim$0.041pc, had it existed. However, proper analysis suggests that the mass enclosed within the inner 0.01pc could be in the form of a black hole of mass $\sim{10^3}$M$_{\odot}$, under two different scenarios, which are discussed. The line-of-sight velocity dispersion is visually found to be very similar to the observed dispersion profile. The enclosed mass and velocity dispersion profiles calculated from runs done with the proper motion data are found to be consistent with the profiles obtained with the radial velocity data.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ; 6 figures
Lipschitzness of the Lempert and Green functions
Creators: name: Nikolov, Nikolai
name: Pflug, Peter
name: Thomas, Pascal J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32F45, 32U45

description: Necessary and sufficient conditions for Lipschitzness of the Lempert and Green functions are found in terms of their boundary behaviors.
description: minor changes
THE POTENTIAL DICHOTOMOUS ROLE OF ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3 (ATF3) IN COLON CANCER
Creators: name: Jiang, Xiaojing
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nutrition
subject: Apoptosis
subject: ATF3
subject: Bcl-2
subject: EMT
subject: Gene overexpression
subject: Metastasis

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. During the tumorigenesis and metastasis of CRC, cells encounter numerous cellular and molecular events. ATF3, a member of the ATF/CREB transcription factor family, plays an important role on regulation of apoptosis and is regarded as a potential molecular target for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of colon cancer. The current study was performed to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms by which ATF3 affects colon cancer-related phenotypes including apoptosis and metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that knockdown of ATF3 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) promotes the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), in colon cancer cells, while overexpression of ATF3 resulted in a dramatic decrease in Bcl-2 protein. Gain of function of ATF3 in colon cancer cell line HCT116 led to an increase of pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer (Bak), followed by the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, we observed that ATF3 overexpression downregulated expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factors. However, mammosphere forming assay indicated that ATF3 overexpressed colon cancer cells form larger and more budding sites compared to control, which is associated with an increase of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) expression and a decrease of retinoblastoma (Rb) and tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1.  This study suggested that ATF3 may play a dichotomous role in regulation of apoptosis and metastasis in colon cancer.
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND RISK RESPONSES
Creators: name: Robison, Lindon J.
name: Hanson, Steven D.
name: Robison, Lindon J.
name: Hanson, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The economic well-being of economic agents is assumed to be interpersonally dependent. The extent of this interpersonal dependency varies according to the strength of relationships, values, and social bonds and is measured using social capital coefficients in a neoclassical model in which agents with stable preferences maximize utility. The model's predictions are tested empirically by asking agents how their willingness to bear a risk is altered when their refusal to accept the risk increases the risk faced by others.
Mumm, Reinhard (hrsg.): Ordination und kirchliches Amt
Creators: name: Basdekis, Athanasios
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1977): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 26, Heft 1
Controlled Delivery of a Glutamate Receptor Modulator to Promote Regulatory T cells and Restrain Autoimmunity
Creators: name: Gammon, Joshua Marvin
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biomedical engineering
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Autoimmunity
subject: Biomaterial
subject: Immunotherapy
subject: Metabolism
subject: Nanoparticle
subject: Tolerance

description: Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system incorrectly recognizes and attacks self-molecules. Current therapies involve broad immunosuppressants that are not curative and leave patients immunocompromised. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a target for new therapies because DCs influence the differentiation of immune effector cells. N-Phenyl-7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxamide (PHCCC), a glutamate receptor enhancer, modulates DC cytokine profiles to polarize T cells toward regulatory phenotypes (TREG ) that are protective in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, PHCCC treatment is limited by poor solubility, a short half-life, and toxicity. We hypothesized that controlled delivery of PHCCC from nanoparticles would alter DC function with reduced treatment frequency. PHCCC nanoparticles attenuated DC activation and promoted TREGs while reducing toxicity 30-fold. In mouse models of MS, these particles delayed disease and reduced severity compared to an equivalent dosing schedule of soluble drug. This outcome demonstrates controlled delivery of metabolic modulators can promote tolerance, suggesting a new route to improve autoimmune therapy.
On the homotopy Lie algebra of an arrangement
Creators: name: Denham, Graham
name: Suciu, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E05, 52C35, 16S37, 55P62

description: Let A be a graded-commutative, connected k-algebra generated in degree 1. The homotopy Lie algebra g_A is defined to be the Lie algebra of primitives of the Yoneda algebra, Ext_A(k,k). Under certain homological assumptions on A and its quadratic closure, we express g_A as a semi-direct product of the well-understood holonomy Lie algebra h_A with a certain h_A-module. This allows us to compute the homotopy Lie algebra associated to the cohomology ring of the complement of a complex hyperplane arrangement, provided some combinatorial assumptions are satisfied. As an application, we give examples of hyperplane arrangements whose complements have the same Poincaré polynomial, the same fundamental group, and the same holonomy Lie algebra, yet different homotopy Lie algebras.
description: 20 pages; accepted for publication by the Michigan Math. Journal
Fading-Resilient Super-Orthogonal Space-Time Signal Sets: Can Good Constellations Survive in Fading?
Creators: name: Ionescu, Dumitru Mihai
name: Yan, Zhiyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.4; H.1.1

description: In this correspondence, first-tier indirect (direct) discernible constellation expansions are defined for generalized orthogonal designs. The expanded signal constellation, leading to so-called super-orthogonal codes, allows the achievement of coding gains in addition to diversity gains enabled by orthogonal designs. Conditions that allow the shape of an expanded multidimensional constellation to be preserved at the channel output, on an instantaneous basis, are derived. It is further shown that, for such constellations, the channel alters neither the relative distances nor the angles between signal points in the expanded signal constellation.
description: 10 pages, 0 figures, 2 tables, uses IEEEtran.cls, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory