cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PKS 1018-42: A Powerful Kinetically Dominated Quasar
Creators: name: Punsly, Brian
name: Tingay, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have identified PKS 1018-42 as a radio galaxy with extraordinarily powerful jets, over twice as powerful as any 3CR source of equal or lesser redshift except for one (3C196). It is perhaps the most intrinsically powerful extragalactic radio source in the, still poorly explored, Southern Hemisphere. PKS 1018-42 belongs to the class of FR II objects that are kinetically dominated, the jet kinetic luminosity, $Q \sim 6.5 \times 10^{46}\mathrm{ergs/s}$ (calculated at 151 MHz), is 3.4 times larger than the total thermal luminosity (IR to X-ray) of the accretion flow, $L_{bol} \sim 1.9 \times 10^{46}\mathrm{ergs/s}$. It is the fourth most kinetically dominated quasar that we could verify from existing radio data. From a review of the literature, we find that kinetically dominated sources such as PKS 1018-42 are rare, and list the 5 most kinetically dominated sources found from our review. Our results for PKS 1018-42 are based on new observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array.
description: To appear in ApJ Letters
Supersymmetry, attractors and cosmic censorship
Creators: name: Bellorin, Jorge
name: Meessen, Patrick
name: Ortin, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that requiring unbroken supersymmetry everywhere in black-hole-type solutions of N=2,d=4 supergravity coupled to vector supermultiplets ensures in most cases absence of naked singularities. We formulate three specific conditions which we argue are equivalent to the requirement of global supersymmetry. These three conditions can be related to absence of sources of NUT charge, angular momentum, scalar hair and negative energy, although the solutions can still have globally defined angular momentum and non-trivial scalar fields, as we show in an explicit example. Furthermore, only the solutions satisfying these requirements seem to have a microscopic interpretation in String Theory since only they have supersymmetric sources. These conditions exclude, for instance, singular solutions such as the Kerr-Newman with M=|q|, which fails to be everywhere supersymmetric. We also present a re-derivation of several results concerning attractors in N=2,d=4 theories based in the explicit knowledge of the most general solutions of the timelike class.
description: 34 pages, latex file. References added
Modellbasierte Analyse der Störfestigkeit von Kfz-Bussystemen
Creators: name: Austermann, Carina
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit
subject: Simulation
subject: Automotive Ethernet
subject: Bussysteme
subject: 620
subject: Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit

description: Die Entwicklung und Integration neuer Fahr- und Sicherheitsfunktionen in ein Fahrzeug erfordern den schnellen und sicheren leitungsgebundenen Austausch von Daten zwischen Sensoren und Steuergeräten. Die Robustheit der fahrzeuginternen Datenübertragung mittels Bussystemen kann jedoch durch externe elektromagnetische Felder beeinträchtigt werden. Die modellbasierte Analyse ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug, mit dem systematische Untersuchungen der Störfestigkeit von Bussystemen gegenüber eingekoppelten elektromagnetischen Feldern bereits in einer frühen Entwicklungsphase durchgeführt werden können. Es werden dazu Modelle der Physical Layer von Automotive Ethernet und CAN FD, sowie für die Einkopplung von externen Feldern in Kommunikationsleitungen für den Einsatz in Netzwerksimulationstools vorgestellt. Auf Basis von messtechnischen Analysen können Bewertungskriterien für die Störfestigkeit von Bustransceivern formuliert werden. Die Modelle für Bussysteme, Koppelpfade und Fehlerkriterien können für den Aufbau von Simulationen verwendet werden, um Parameterstudien zur Identifikation kritischer Einflussparameter der Störeinkopplung durchzuführen. Es wird eine Methodik vorgestellt, mit der die Störfestigkeit verschiedener Topologien, Koppelstrecken und Bussysteme systematisch untersucht, bewertet und verglichen werden kann. Neben der Analyse der Störfestigkeit werden Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der Störungen in Bussystemen, wie die Wahl von Geometrieparametern potentieller Koppelpfade und der Aufbau der Terminierungsnetzwerke diskutiert. Ein neues Konzept zur Erhöhung der Übertragungssicherheit auf Basis der Synchronisation von Störquelle und Bussystem wird vorgestellt und analysiert. Während wiederkehrende Schalthandlungen von leistungselektronischen Komponenten zu einer Störeinkopplung in ein Bussystem und damit zu einer erheblichen Reduktion der Zuverlässigkeit der Übertragung führen, können mit der neuen kooperativen Betriebsstrategie störungsfreie Zeitintervalle für eine robuste und latenzarme Datenübertragung genutzt werden. Mit den neuen Simulationsmodellen können verschiedene Topologien und Bussysteme, sowie Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Störfestigkeit simulationsbasiert untersucht und verbessert werden.
Hot carrier-assisted switching of the electron-phonon interaction in 1$T$-VSe$_2$
Creators: name: Majchrzak, Paulina
name: Pakdel, Sahar
name: Biswas, Deepnarayan
name: Jones, Alfred J. H.
name: Volckaert, Klara
name: Marković, Igor
name: Andreatta, Federico
name: Sankar, Raman
name: Jozwiak, Chris
name: Rotenberg, Eli
name: Bostwick, Aaron
name: Sanders, Charlotte E.
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Karras, Gabriel
name: Chapman, Richard T.
name: Wyatt, Adam
name: Springate, Emma
name: Miwa, Jill A.
name: Hofmann, Philip
name: King, Phil D. C.
name: Lanata, Nicola
name: Chang, Young Jun
name: Ulstrup, Søren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply an intense infrared laser pulse in order to perturb the electronic and vibrational states in the three-dimensional charge density wave material 1$T$-VSe$_2$. Ultrafast snapshots of the light-induced hot carrier dynamics and non-equilibrium quasiparticle spectral function are collected using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The hot carrier temperature and time-dependent electronic self-energy are extracted from the time-dependent spectral function, revealing that incoherent electron-phonon interactions heat the lattice above the charge density wave critical temperature on a timescale of $(200 \pm 40)$~fs. Density functional perturbation theory calculations establish that the presence of hot carriers alters the overall phonon dispersion and quenches efficient low-energy acoustic phonon scattering channels, which results in a new quasi-equilibrium state that is experimentally observed.
description: 24 pages including supplemental material, 4 figures in the main text and 4 figures in the supplemental material
The dynamics of transition to turbulence in plane Couette flow
Creators: name: Viswanath, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In plane Couette flow, the incompressible fluid between two plane parallel walls is driven by the motion of those walls. The laminar solution, in which the streamwise velocity varies linearly in the wall-normal direction, is known to be linearly stable at all Reynolds numbers ($Re$). Yet, in both experiments and computations, turbulence is observed for $Re \gtrsim 360$. In this article, we show that for certain {\it threshold} perturbations of the laminar flow, the flow approaches either steady or traveling wave solutions. These solutions exhibit some aspects of turbulence but are not fully turbulent even at $Re=4000$. However, these solutions are linearly unstable and flows that evolve along their unstable directions become fully turbulent. The solution approached by a threshold perturbation could depend upon the nature of the perturbation. Surprisingly, the positive eigenvalue that corresponds to one family of solutions decreases in magnitude with increasing $Re$, with the rate of decrease given by $Re^α$ with $α\approx -0.46$.
Globalizing independent cinema : transnational circulation of the independent Chinese documentary (1991-2017)
Creators: name: Wang, Jing, (Ph. D. In Radio-Television-Film)
name: 0000-0002-8772-1788
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: The independent Chinese documentary
Transnational circulation
Media globalization
Media circulation
Independent Chinese documentaries
Media hybridity
International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA)
dGenerate Films

description: “Globalizing Independent Cinema: Transnational Circulation of Chinese Independent Documentaries (1991-2017)” delves into the complex dynamics involved in the overseas circulation of Chinese independent documentaries, from their domestic production sectors into the global documentary market. By identifying key intermediating actors who play critical roles in this process and mapping out a circulation network among them, this study also examines the cultural ramifications of how the process has shaped independent production culture in China. To this purpose, I propose a “transnational film circulation model” to illustrate the interconnected relations among the players and the various kinds of cultural flows that have taken place as they have promoted Chinese documentary films on the global stage. Specifically, by looking into the history of these films’ transnational dispersion between 1991 and 2017, I argue that three groups of industrial stakeholders, namely filmmakers/producers, film festival directors, and transnational distributors, have wielded significant cultural influence over the production, circulation, and reception of the Chinese independent documentary, leading to the hybridized, multifaceted nature of this cinematic culture. By systematically examining independent Chinese documentaries’ international dissemination, a key contribution of the project is to propose a new analytical model for conceptualizing international media circulation, with industry actors as central nodes of contact and power. Their interactions constitute an intricate, ever-changing network that encompasses several kinds of transborder sub-flows, including exchanges among filmmaking and industrial professionals, production funds, and creative ideas. This framework not only helps us to map out the broader dynamics of transnational communication through the mobility of media products, it also points up the importance of key non-major industry stakeholders, as opposed to the Hollywood media conglomerates alone, in managing the availability and visibility of media products from non-Western countries. Overall, the study seeks to elucidate the hybrid, fluid nature of media globalization, by analyzing the contra-flows of media product movement from the “media-poor” South to the “media-rich” North.
Additional file 3 of You are more than what you eat: potentially adaptive enrichment of microbiome functions across bat dietary niches
Creators: name: Ingala, Melissa R.
name: Simmons, Nancy B.
name: Dunbar, Miranda
name: Wultsch, Claudia
name: Krampis, Konstantinos
name: Perkins, Susan L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Sample metadata and study provenance for all bat microbiomes used in this study.
Additional file 2 of You are more than what you eat: potentially adaptive enrichment of microbiome functions across bat dietary niches
Creators: name: Ingala, Melissa R.
name: Simmons, Nancy B.
name: Dunbar, Miranda
name: Wultsch, Claudia
name: Krampis, Konstantinos
name: Perkins, Susan L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Table of species sampled in this study and their closest relative in the Upham et al. 2019 phylogeny. Patristic distances were computed using the closest terminal taxon available in this phylogeny, and taxon names for the MRMs were coerced to match those in the phylogeny. Two species in the Lutz et al. dataset were not identified beyond genus; for these, we chose a congeneric species known to occur in the sampled localities for use in patristic distance calculations.
Covariance matrices and the separability problem
Creators: name: Gühne, O.
name: Hyllus, P.
name: Gittsovich, O.
name: Eisert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a unifying approach to the separability problem using covariance matrices of locally measurable observables. From a practical point of view, our approach leads to strong entanglement criteria that allow to detect the entanglement of many bound entangled states in higher dimensions and which are at the same time necessary and sufficient for two qubits. From a fundamental perspective, our approach leads to insights into the relations between several known entanglement criteria -- such as the computable cross norm and local uncertainty criteria -- as well as their limitations.
description: 4 pages, no figures; v3: final version to appear in PRL
Direct interception or inertial impaction? A theoretical derivation of the efficiency power law for a simple and practical definition of capture modes
Creators: name: Boudina, Mouad
name: Gosselin, Frédérick P.
name: Étienne, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the capture of particles advected by flows around a fixed cylinder. We derive theoretically the power law of the capture efficiency, usually obtained from data fitting only. Simulations of particle trajectories reveal that captured particles following the power law are smaller than the boundary layer of the cylinder and experience direct interception, whereas the ones diverging from it are larger and observe inertial impaction. We show that a simple comparison between the particle size and boundary layer thickness splits accurately numerical results into their dominant capture mode. This criterion is practical in experiments and simulations, and would lift the controversy on the scaling of the capture efficiency.
Test of the cosmic distance duality relation for arbitrary spatial curvature
Creators: name: Qin, Jin
name: Melia, Fulvio
name: Zhang, Tong-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), eta(z)=(1+z)^2 d_A(z)/d_L(z)=1, is one of the most fundamental and crucial formulae in cosmology. This relation couples the luminosity and angular diameter distances, two of the most often used measures of structure in the Universe. We here propose a new model-independent method to test this relation, using strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and the high-redshift quasar Hubble diagram reconstructed with a Bezier parametric fit. We carry out this test without pre-assuming a zero spatial curvature, adopting instead the value Omega_K=0.001 +/- 0.002 optimized by Planck in order to improve the reliability of our result. We parametrize the CDDR using eta(z)=1 + eta_0 z, 1 + eta_1 z + eta_2 z^2 and 1 + eta_3 z/(1+z), and consider both the SIS and non-SIS lens models for the strong lensing. Our best fit results are: eta_0=-0.021^{+0.068}_{-0.048}, eta_1=-0.404^{+0.123}_{-0.090}, eta_2=0.106^{+0.028}_{-0.034}, and eta_3=-0.507^{+0.193}_{-0.133} for the SIS model, and eta_0=-0.109^{+0.044}_{-0.031} for the non-SIS model. The measured eta(z), based on the Planck parameter Omega_K, is essentially consistent with the value (=1) expected if the CDDR were fully respected. For the sake of comparison, we also carry out the test for other values of Omega_K, but find that deviations of spatial flatness beyond the Planck optimization are in even greater tension with the CDDR. Future measurements of SGL may improve the statistics and alter this result but, as of now, we conclude that the CDDR favours a flat Universe.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional file 1 of You are more than what you eat: potentially adaptive enrichment of microbiome functions across bat dietary niches
Creators: name: Ingala, Melissa R.
name: Simmons, Nancy B.
name: Dunbar, Miranda
name: Wultsch, Claudia
name: Krampis, Konstantinos
name: Perkins, Susan L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Principal coordinates analysis of predicted bat microbiome functions colored according to coarse host niche.
The K luminosity-metallicity relation for dwarf galaxies and the tidal dwarf galaxies in the tails of HCG 31
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Claudia L. Mendes
name: Temporin, Sonia
name: Cypriano, Eduardo S.
name: Plana, Henri
name: Amram, Philippe
name: Sodre, Laerte
name: Balkowski, Chantal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine a K-band luminosity-metallicity (K-Z) relation for dwarf irregular galaxies, over a large range of magnitudes, -20.5 < M_K < -13.5, using a combination of K photometry from either the 2-micron all sky survey (2MASS) or the recent study of Vadivescu er al. (2005), and metallicities derived mainly with the T_e method, from several different studies. We then use this newly-derived relation, together with published K_s photometry and our new spectra of objects in the field of HCG 31 to discuss the nature of the possible tidal dwarf galaxies of this group. We catalogue a new member of HCG 31, namely "R", situated ~40 kpc north of the group center, composed by a ring of H alpha knots which coincides with a peak in HI. This object is a deviant point in the K-Z relation (it has too high metallicity for its luminosity) and its projected distance to the parent galaxy and large gas reservoir makes it one of the most promising tidal dwarf galaxy candidates of HCG 31, together with object F. The subsystems A1, E, F, H and R all have metallicities similar to that of the galaxies A+C and B, result that is expected in a scenario where those were formed from material expelled from the central galaxies of HCG 31. While objects A1, E and H will most probably fall back onto their progenitors, F and R may survive as tidal dwarf galaxies. We find that two galaxies of HCG 31, G and Q, have A+em spectral signatures, and are probably evolving toward a post-starburst phase.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures - Submitted to AJ - A version of this paper with full resolution figures can be found at http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~eduardo/HCG31-KZrelation.pdf
Quantum teleportation of physical qubits into logical code-spaces
Creators: name: Luo, Yi-Han
name: Chen, Ming-Cheng
name: Erhard, Manuel
name: Zhong, Han-Sen
name: Wu, Dian
name: Tang, Hao-Yang
name: Zhao, Qi
name: Wang, Xi-Lin
name: Fujii, Keisuke
name: Li, Li
name: Liu, Nai-Le
name: Nemoto, Kae
name: Munro, William J.
name: Lu, Chao-Yang
name: Zeilinger, Anton
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction is an essential tool for reliably performing tasks for processing quantum information on a large scale. However, integration into quantum circuits to achieve these tasks is problematic when one realizes that non-transverse operations, which are essential for universal quantum computation, lead to the spread of errors. Quantum gate teleportation has been proposed as an elegant solution for this. Here, one replaces these fragile, non-transverse inline gates with the generation of specific, highly entangled offline resource states that can be teleported into the circuit to implement the non-transverse gate. As the first important step, we create a maximally entangled state between a physical and an error-correctable logical qubit and use it as a teleportation resource. We then demonstrate the teleportation of quantum information encoded on the physical qubit into the error-corrected logical qubit with fidelities up to 0.786. Our scheme can be designed to be fully fault-tolerant so that it can be used in future large-scale quantum technologies.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Propagation of chaos and Poincaré inequalities for a system of particles interacting through their cdf
Creators: name: Jourdain, Benjamin
name: Malrieu, Florent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C35, 60K35, 60E15, 35K15, 46N30

description: In the particular case of a concave flux function, we are interested in the long time behaviour of the nonlinear process associated to the one-dimensional viscous scalar conservation law. We also consider the particle system obtained by remplacing the cumulative distribution function in the drift coefficient of this nonlinear process by the empirical cdf. We first obtain trajectorial propagation of chaos result. Then, Poincaré inequalities are used to get explicit estimates concerning the long time behaviour of both the nonlinear process and the particle system.
Locomotor plasticity in the chick
Creators: name: Muir, Gillian D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the behavioural plasticity of bipedal locomotion in the chick, both during normal development and after spinal cord injury. The locomotor characteristics of chicks were quantified as animals moved overground unrestrained. Kinematic data were recorded on videotape, while kinetic data were collected from a force platform built into the walkway. All measurements were made over a range of velocities and at regular intervals throughout the first 2 weeks posthatching. The results show that, although chicks can innately run as well as adults, they need to learn to walk in a mature manner over the first week posthatching. This disparity may arise from the distinct actions of the legs in these two behaviours, and the requirement for longer durations of single leg support during walking. In a separate group of animals, locomotor abilities were quantified as above prior to hemisection of the left thoracic spinal cord, and thereafter at regular intervals for 2 weeks. Chicks were also videotaped while they swam in a tank of water. In one group, phasic cutaneous stimulation was provided during swimming trials. Twenty-four to 48 hours after hemisection, chicks moved overground with a distinctly asymmetric gait. Range of joint motion of the left leg (ipsilateral to the hemisection) was reduced. Over the two week recovery period, left leg joint angles during walking recovered to normal pre-operative values, but did not return to pre-operative values during swimming trials. However, when chicks were provided with phasic cutaneous stimulation during swimming trials for 14 days, they showed improvements in leg motion which were retained even when the cutaneous stimulation was not provided. Possible neurophysiological mechanisms include reflexive activation of limb extensors in response to cutaneous stimulation, and subsequent strengthening of reflex pathways after repeated training with stimulation. It is proposed that, because the locomotor neural circuitry has completed development well before hatching in chicks, changes in locomotor behaviour posthatching or after spinal injury necessarily arise from plasticity of existing neural circuits rather than growth/regeneration of new projections. Chicks may therefore be a useful model for examination of neuroanatomical plasticity responsible for locomotor development and recovery after spinal injury.
Role of the Prefrontal Cortex to Dorsomedial Striatum Projections in Compulsive Alcohol Drinking
Creators: name: Bauer, Meredith Rose
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 520202
subject: Behavioural neuroscience

description: Compulsive alcohol drinking is a defining feature of alcohol use disorder and is characterized as drinking alcohol despite knowledge of negative consequences. This behavior is hypothesized to be due to a disruption in the decision-making process. Decision making relies on a balance between goal-directedness and habit systems to efficiently execute behavior. An important distinction between compulsive and non-compulsive individuals is the ability to withhold drinking in the face of a negative consequence. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are brain regions necessary for goal directed behavior where the dmPFC is important for cognitive control and behavioral inhibition while the DMS is important for action selection. Importantly, the dmPFC sends a glutamatergic input to the DMS. We hypothesize this input is a behavioral control which is necessary to withhold action selection. Thus, in order to maintain non-compulsive alcohol use, the dmPFC and DMS need to work together to orchestrate inhibition of action selection in the face of negative consequences. Previous research shows a causal role for both the dmPFC and DMS in preventing compulsive alcohol drinking and a role for the projections from the dmPFC to DMS in behavioral inhibition. However, no research has demonstrated a role for this circuit’s activity in prevention of compulsive alcohol use. The current experiment tested the hypothesis that inhibiting the glutamatergic projection from the dmPFC to the DMS will cause non-compulsive Wistar rats to drink alcohol compulsively.
B Mixing and Lifetimes at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Piedra, J.
name: Gómez-Ceballos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tevatron collider at Fermilab provides a very rich environment for the study of b-hadrons. Both the D0 and CDF experiments have collected a sample of about 1 fb^{-1}. We report results on three topics: b-hadron lifetimes, polarization amplitudes and the decay width difference in Bs to Jpsi Phi, and Bs mixing.
description: Flavor Physics & CP Violation Conference, Vancouver, 2006
Interstellar oxygen along the line of sight of Cygnus X-2
Creators: name: Psaradaki, I.
name: Costantini, E.
name: Mehdipour, M.
name: Rogantini, D.
name: de Vries, C. P.
name: de Groot, F.
name: Mutschke, H.
name: Trasobares, S.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Zeegers, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interstellar dust permeates our Galaxy and plays an important role in many physical processes in the diffuse and dense regions of the interstellar medium. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy, coupled with modelling based on laboratory dust measurements, provides a unique probe to investigate the interstellar dust properties along our line of sight towards Galactic X-ray sources. Here, we focus on the oxygen content of the interstellar medium through its absorption features in the X-ray spectra. To model the dust features, we perform a laboratory experiment using the electron microscope facility located at the University of Cadiz in Spain, where we acquire new laboratory data in the oxygen K-edge. We study 18 dust samples of silicates and oxides with different chemical compositions. The laboratory measurements are adopted for our astronomical data analysis. We carry out a case study on the X-ray spectrum of the bright low-mass X-ray binary Cygnus X-2, observed by XMM-Newton. We determine different temperature phases of the ISM, and parameterize oxygen in both gas (neutral and ionised) and dust form. We find Solar abundances of oxygen along the line of sight towards the source. Due to both the relatively low depletion of oxygen into dust form and the shape of the oxygen cross section profiles, it is challenging to determine the precise chemistry of interstellar dust. However, silicates provide an acceptable fit. Finally, we discuss the systematic discrepancies in the atomic (gaseous phase) data of the oxygen edge spectral region using different X-ray atomic databases, and also consider future prospects for studying the ISM with the Arcus concept mission.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 15 pages, 11 figures
Fundamental Symmetries and Spacetime Geometries in Gauge Theories of Gravity: Prospects for Unified Field Theories
Creators: name: Cabral, Francisco
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
name: Rubiera-Garcia, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravity can be formulated as a gauge theory by combining symmetry principles and geometrical methods in a consistent mathematical framework. The gauge approach to gravity leads directly to non-Euclidean, post-Riemannian spacetime geometries, providing the adequate formalism for metric-affine theories of gravity with curvature, torsion and non-metricity. In this paper, we analyze the structure of gauge theories of gravity and consider the relation between fundamental geometrical objects and symmetry principles as well as different spacetime paradigms. Special attention is given to Poincaré gauge theories of gravity, their field equations and Noether conserved currents, which are the sources of gravity. We then discuss several topics of the gauge approach to gravitational phenomena, namely, quadratic Poincaré gauge models, the~Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory, the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, quadratic metric-affine Lagrangians, non-Lorentzian connections, and the breaking of Lorentz invariance in the presence of non-metricity. We also highlight the probing of post-Riemannian geometries with test matter. Finally, we briefly discuss some perspectives regarding the role of both geometrical methods and symmetry principles towards unified field theories and a new spacetime paradigm, motivated from the gauge approach to gravity.
description: 33 pages. Invite review to the Special Issue "80 Years of Professor Wigner's Seminal Work "On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group"". Matches published version
h-ErMnO3 absorbance, reflectivity and, emissivity in the THz to mid-infrared from 2 K to 1700 K: carrier screening, Fröhlich resonance, small polarons, and bipolarons
Creators: name: Massa, Néstor E.
name: del Campo, Leire
name: Holldack, Karsten
name: Canizarès, Aurélien
name: Phuoc, Vinh Ta
name: Kayser, Paula
name: Alonso, José Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the temperature dependent THz to mid-infrared response of hexagonal-ErMnO3 using absorption, reflectivity, and emissivity techniques from 2 K to 1700 K. At low temperatures, lowest frequency vibrational modes coexist with paramagnon excitations associated with well-defined crystal field Rare Earth pure magnetic replicas in an intriguing phonon-magnetic convergence. Increasing the temperature, a number of vibrational bands close to the space group predicted undergo profile broadening and softening. In particular, a distinctive set of bands in the 288-329 cm-1 (300 K) range has a component whose profile is carrier screened becoming nearly fully blurred in the intermediate phase between ~830 K and ~1500 K. Below TC ~830 K this asymmetric band further splits as spin phonon interaction and the tripling of the unit cell takes place revealing a delicate balance of long- and short-range interactions. Ambient Raman scattering brings up evidence of a Fröhlich resonance due to Coulomb interactions between carriers and the macroscopic field of the longitudinal optical phonon mode. We found it is dynamically correlated to the hexagonal c-axis negative thermal expansion. Mid-infrared (MIR) optical conductivity show that also plays a role in small polarons and mediates in high temperature bipolarones.At higher temperatures a low frequency Drude contribution is triggered by electron hopping signaling an insulator-metal phase transition at ~1600 K while the MIR response suggests coexistence between single small polarons and bipolarons. We draw a parallel with improper ferroelectrics sustaining a lattice incommensurate intermediate phase and unit cell tripling. We argue that in the h-RMnO3 (R=Rare Earth, Y) family of compounds the intermediate phase be considered incommensurate with onset at TINC ~1500 K and ferroelectric lock-in at TC ~830 K delimiting this regime in h-ErMnO3.
description: Manuscript and Supplemental Material (66 pages)
Magnetic Excitations in the Spin-1 Anisotropic Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain System NiCl$_2$-4SC(NH$_2$)$_2$
Creators: name: Zvyagin, S. A.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Batista, C. D.
name: Tsukamoto, M.
name: Kawashima, N.
name: Krzystek, J.
name: Zapf, V. S.
name: Jaime, M.
name: Oliveira,, N. F.
name: Paduan-Filho, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NiCl$_2$-4SC(NH$_2$)$_2$ (DTN) is a quantum S=1 chain system with strong easy-pane anisotropy and a new candidate for the Bose-Einstein condensation of the spin degrees of freedom. ESR studies of magnetic excitations in DTN in fields up to 25 T are presented. Based on analysis of the single-magnon excitation mode in the high-field spin-polarized phase and previous experimental results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 077204 (2006)], a revised set of spin-Hamiltonian parameters is obtained. Our results yield $D=8.9$ K, $J_c=2.2$ K, and $J_{a,b}=0.18$ K for the anisotropy, intrachain, and interchain exchange interactions, respectively. These values are used to calculate the antiferromagnetic phase boundary, magnetization and the frequency-field dependence of two-magnon bound-state excitations predicted by theory and observed in DTN for the first time. Excellent quantitative agreement with experimental data is obtained.
Mechanically activated ionic transport across single-digit carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Marcotte, Alice
name: Mouterde, Timothée
name: Niguès, Antoine
name: Siria, Alessandro
name: Bocquet, Lydéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluid and ionic transport at nanoscale recently highlighted a wealth of exotic behaviours. However, the artificial nanofluidic devices are still far from the advanced functionalities existing in biological systems, such as electrically and mechanically activated transport. Here we focus on the ionic transport through 2 nm-radius individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT), under the combination of mechanical and electrical forcings. Our findings evidence mechanically activated ionic transport under the form of an ionic conductance which depends quadratically on the applied pressure. Our theoretical study relates this behaviour with the complex interplay between electrical and mechanical drivings, and shows that the superlubricity of CNT is a prerequisite to attain mechanically activated transport. The pressure sensitivity shares similarities with the response of biological mechanosensitive ion channels observed here for the first time in an artificial system. This paves the way to build new active nanofluidic functionalities inspired by the complex biological machinery.
QCD-like Theories on R_3\times S_1: a Smooth Journey from Small to Large r(S_1) with Double-Trace Deformations
Creators: name: Shifman, Mikhail
name: Unsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider QCD-like theories with one massless fermion in various representations of the gauge group SU$(N)$. The theories are formulated on $R_3\times S_1$. In the decompactification limit of large $r(S_1)$ all these theories are characterized by confinement, mass gap and spontaneous breaking of a (discrete) chiral symmetry ($χ$SB). At small $r(S_1)$, in order to stabilize the vacua of these theories at a center-symmetric point, we suggest to perform a double trace deformation. With these deformation, the theories at hand are at weak coupling at small $r(S_1)$ and yet exhibit basic features of the large-$r(S_1)$ limit: confinement and $χ$SB. We calculate the string tension, mass gap, bifermion condensates and $θ$ dependence. The double-trace deformation becomes dynamically irrelevant at large $r(S_1)$. Despite the fact that at small $r(S_1)$ confinement is Abelian, while it is expected to be non-Abelian at large $r(S_1)$, we argue that small and large-$r(S_1)$ physics are continuously connected. If so, one can use small-$r(S_1)$ laboratory to extract lessons about QCD and QCD-like theories on $R_4$.
description: 49 pages, 2 figures
กระบวนทัศน์ใหม่ของการเจริญเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจ กับปัญหาด้านประสิทธิภาพ ในการจัดสรรและการกระจายผลประโยชน์ของรายจ่ายสาธารณะ ของประเทศไทย
Creators: name: Ponlapat Buracom
Publisher: name: National Institute of Development Administration
Year: 2006

description: 2, 46, NIDA Development Journal
First limits on WIMP nuclear recoil signals in ZEPLIN-II: a two phase xenon detector for dark matter detection
Creators: name: Alner, G. J.
name: Araujo, H. M.
name: Bewick, A.
name: Bungau, C.
name: Camanzi, B.
name: Carson, M. J.
name: Cashmore, R. J.
name: Chagani, H.
name: Chepel, V.
name: Cline, D.
name: Davidge, D.
name: Davies, J. C.
name: Daw, E.
name: Dawson, J.
name: Durkin, T.
name: Edwards, B.
name: Gamble, T.
name: Gao, J.
name: Ghag, C.
name: Howard, A. S.
name: Jones, W. G.
name: Joshi, M.
name: Korolkova, E. V.
name: Kudryavtsev, V. A.
name: Lawson, T.
name: Lebedenko, V. N.
name: Lewin, J. D.
name: Lightfoot, P.
name: Lindote, A.
name: Liubarsky, I.
name: Lopes, M. I.
name: Luscher, R.
name: Majewski, P.
name: Mavrokoridis, K
name: McMillan, J. E.
name: Morgan, B.
name: Muna, D.
name: Murphy, A. St. J.
name: Neves, F.
name: Nicklin, G. G.
name: Ooi, W.
name: Paling, S. M.
name: da Cunha, J. Pinto
name: Plank, S. J. S.
name: Preece, R. M.
name: Quenby, J. J.
name: Robinson, M.
name: Sergiampietri, F.
name: Silva, C.
name: Solovov, V. N.
name: Smith, N. J. T.
name: Smith, P. F.
name: Spooner, N. J. C.
name: Sumner, T. J.
name: Thorne, C.
name: Tovey, D. R.
name: Tziaferi, E.
name: Walker, R. J.
name: Wang, H.
name: White, J.
name: Wolfs, F. L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented from the first underground data run of ZEPLIN-II, a 31 kg two phase xenon detector developed to observe nuclear recoils from hypothetical weakly interacting massive dark matter particles. Discrimination between nuclear recoils and background electron recoils is afforded by recording both the scintillation and ionisation signals generated within the liquid xenon, with the ratio of these signals being different for the two classes of event. This ratio is calibrated for different incident species using an AmBe neutron source and Co-60 gamma-ray sources. From our first 31 live days of running ZEPLIN-II, the total exposure following the application of fiducial and stability cuts was 225 kgxdays. A background population of radon progeny events was observed in this run, arising from radon emission in the gas purification getters, due to radon daughter ion decays on the surfaces of the walls of the chamber. An acceptance window, defined by the neutron calibration data, of 50% nuclear recoil acceptance between 5 keVee and 20 keVee, had an observed count of 29 events, with a summed expectation of 28.6+/-4.3 gamma-ray and radon progeny induced background events. These figures provide a 90% c.l. upper limit to the number of nuclear recoils of 10.4 events in this acceptance window, which converts to a WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section with a minimum of 6.6x10^-7 pb following the inclusion of an energy dependent, calibrated, efficiency. A second run is currently underway in which the radon progeny will be eliminated, thereby removing the background population, with a projected sensitivity of 2x10^-7 pb for similar exposures as the first run.
description: 38 Pages, 16 Figures, (v2: corrected table 2 description)
Azimuthal di-hadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV from STAR
Creators: name: Horner, Mark J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the centrality dependence of the azimuthal angle correlation shapes between a trigger and associated charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV from the STAR experiment. The away-side structure is significantly modified in central collisions and is characterised in terms of a doubly-peaked yield. A minimum in the of hadrons opposite to the trigger particle is also investigated.
description: PANIC 2005 proceedings (3 pages, 3 figures)
Chiral Dynamics of Baryons from String Theory
Creators: name: Hong, Deog Ki
name: Rho, Mannque
name: Yee, Ho-Ung
name: Yi, Piljin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study baryons in an AdS/CFT model of QCD by Sakai and Sugimoto, realized as small instantons with fundamental string hairs. We introduce an effective field theory of the baryons in the five-dimensional setting, and show that the instanton interpretation implies a particular magnetic coupling. Dimensional reduction to four dimensions reproduces the usual chiral effective action, and in particular we estimate the axial coupling $g_A$ between baryons and pions and the magnetic dipole moments, both of which are proportional to $N_c$. We extrapolate to finite $N_c$ and discuss subleading corrections.
description: 4 pages, typos fixed, discussions reworded to clarify a unit, a reference updated
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Black-Box Testing of Android Apps
Creators: name: Romdhana, Andrea
name: Merlo, Alessio
name: Ceccato, Mariano
name: Tonella, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The state space of Android apps is huge and its thorough exploration during testing remains a major challenge. In fact, the best exploration strategy is highly dependent on the features of the app under test. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a machine learning technique that learns the optimal strategy to solve a task by trial and error, guided by positive or negative reward, rather than by explicit supervision. Deep RL is a recent extension of RL that takes advantage of the learning capabilities of neural networks. Such capabilities make Deep RL suitable for complex exploration spaces such as the one of Android apps. However, state of the art, publicly available tools only support basic, tabular RL. We have developed ARES, a Deep RL approach for black-box testing of Android apps. Experimental results show that it achieves higher coverage and fault revelation than the baselines, which include state of the art RL based tools, such as TimeMachine and Q-Testing. We also investigated qualitatively the reasons behind such performance and we have identified the key features of Android apps that make Deep RL particularly effective on them to be the presence of chained and blocking activities.
Additional file 1 of Altered expressions of CXCR4 and CD26 on T-helper lymphocytes in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Creators: name: Guilhem, Alexandre
name: Portalès, Pierre
name: Dupuis-Girod, Sophie
name: Rivière, Sophie
name: Vincent, Thierry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Table SI: Multivariable linear regression aimed at explaining the T-helper count as outcome variable in the 36 HHT patients. The explanatory variables tested were: CXCR4 MFI on T-helper lymphocytes, age and requirement of IV treatment for iron-deficiency anemia. Due to non-linearity in CXCR4 MFI on T-helper lymphocytes, this variable was divided in two classes (> 4.48 vs ≤ 4.48) for analysis.
On the dynamical bar-mode instability in spinning bosonic stars
Creators: name: Di Giovanni, Fabrizio
name: Sanchis-Gual, Nicolas
name: Cerdá-Durán, Pablo
name: Zilhão, Miguel
name: Herdeiro, Carlos
name: Font, José A.
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinning bosonic stars (SBSs) can form from the gravitational collapse of a dilute cloud of scalar/Proca particles with non-zero angular momentum. In a recent work we found that the scalar stars are transient due to a non-axisymmetric instability which triggers the loss of angular momentum. We further study the dynamical formation of SBSs using 3-dimensional numerical-relativity simulations of the Einstein-(massive, complex)Klein-Gordon system and of the Einstein-(complex)Proca system. We incorporate a quartic self-interaction potential in the scalar case to gauge its effect on the instability; we investigate (m=2) Proca stars to assess their stability; we attempt to relate the instability of SBSs to the growth rate of azimuthal density modes and the existence of a corotation point. We show that: the self-interaction potential can only delay the instability in scalar SBSs; m=2 Proca stars always migrate to the stable m=1 spheroidal family; unstable m=2 Proca stars and m=1 scalar boson stars exhibit a corotation point. This establishes a parallelism with rotating neutron stars affected by dynamical bar-mode instabilities. We compute the gravitational waves (GWs) emitted and investigate the detectability of the waveforms comparing the characteristic strain of the signal with the sensitivity curves of a variety of detectors, computing the signal-to-noise ratio. By assuming that the characteristic damping timescale of the bar-like deformation in SBSs is only set by GWs emission and not by viscosity (unlike in neutron stars), we find that the post-collapse emission could be orders of magnitude more energetic than that of the bar-mode instability itself. Our results indicate that GW observations of SBSs might be within the reach of future experiments, offering a potential means to establish the existence of such stars and to place tight constraints on the mass of the bosonic particle.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures. A longer version of the abstract in the pdf
Learning with Graph Kernels in the Chemical Universe
Creators: name: Tang, Yu-Hang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: machine learning
graph
active learning
molecular prediction
computational chemistry
kernel
similarity

description: Presentations slides of Yu-Hang Tang on application of active machine learning and graph kernels. The talk also features the release of the GraphDot library.
description: {"references": ["Tang, Y. H., & de Jong, W. A. (2019). Prediction of atomization energy using graph kernel and active learning. The Journal of chemical physics, 150(4), 044107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5078640"]}