cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
TNF is required for TLR ligand–mediated but not protease-mediated allergic airway inflammation
Creators: name: Nakano, Hideki
name: Shalaby, Karim H.
name: Moran, Timothy P.
name: Whitehead, Gregory S.
name: Thomas, Seddon Y.
name: Flake, Gordon P.
name: Ward, James M.
name: Nakano, Keiko
name: Cook, Donald N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Asthma is associated with exposure to a wide variety of allergens and adjuvants. The extent to which overlap exists between the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by these various agents is poorly understood, but it might explain the differential responsiveness of patients to specific therapies. In particular, it is unclear why some, but not all, patients benefit from blockade of TNF. Here, we characterized signaling pathways triggered by distinct types of adjuvants during allergic sensitization. Mice sensitized to an innocuous protein using TLR ligands or house dust extracts as adjuvants developed mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) following allergen challenge, whereas mice sensitized using proteases as adjuvants developed predominantly eosinophilic inflammation and AHR. TLR ligands, but not proteases, induced TNF during allergic sensitization. TNF signaled through airway epithelial cells to reprogram them and promote Th2, but not Th17, development in lymph nodes. TNF was also required during the allergen challenge phase for neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. In contrast, TNF was dispensable for allergic airway disease in a protease-mediated model of asthma. These findings might help to explain why TNF blockade improves lung function in only some patients with asthma.
Revised scattering exponents for a power-law distribution of surface and mass fractals
Creators: name: Cherny, Alexander Yu.
name: Anitas, Eugen M.
name: Osipov, Vladimir A.
name: Kuklin, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider scattering exponents arising in small-angle scattering from power-law polydisperse surface and mass fractals. It is shown that a set of fractals, whose sizes are distributed according to a power-law, can change its fractal dimension when the power-law exponent is sufficiently big. As a result, the scattering exponent corresponding to this dimension appears due to the spatial correlations between positions of different fractals. For large values of the momentum transfer, the correlations do not play any role, and the resulting scattering intensity is given by a sum of intensities of all composing fractals. The restrictions imposed on the power-law exponents are found. The obtained results generalize Martin's formulas for the scattering exponents of the polydisperse fractals.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
The Possible Origin and Implications of the Shoulder in Reactor Neutrino Spectra
Creators: name: Hayes, A. C.
name: Friar, J. L.
name: Garvey, G. T.
name: Ibeling, Duligur
name: Jungman, Gerard
name: Kawano, T.
name: Mills, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze within a nuclear database framework the shoulder observed in the antineutrino spectra in current reactor experiments. We find that the ENDF/B-VII.1 database predicts that the antineutrino shoulder arises from an analogous shoulder in the aggregate fission beta spectra. In contrast, the JEFF-3.1.1 database does not predict a shoulder for two out of three of the modern reactor neutrino experiments, and the shoulder that is predicted by JEFF-3.1.1 arises from $^{238}$U. We consider several possible origins of the shoulder, and find possible explanations. For example, there could be a problem with the measured aggregate beta spectra, or the harder neutron spectrum at a light-water power reactor could affect the distribution of beta-decaying isotopes. In addition to the fissile actinides, we find that $^{238}$U could also play a significant role in distorting the total antineutrino spectrum. Distinguishing these and quantifying whether there is an anomaly associated with measured reactor neutrino signals will require new short-baseline experiments, both at thermal reactors and at reactors with a sizable epithermal neutron component.
description: Extension of previous version of the same manuscript, including an analysis of the Double Chooz neutrino experiment
Critical Transitions in D-Concave Nonautonomous Scalar Ordinary Differential Equations Appearing in Population Dynamics
Creators: name: Dueñas, Jesús
name: Núñez, Carmen
name: Obaya, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B55, 37G35, 37N25, 34D45

description: A function with finite asymptotic limits gives rise to a transition equation between a "past system" and a "future system". This question is analyzed in the case of nonautonomous coercive nonlinear scalar ordinary differential equations with concave derivative with respect to the state variable. The fundamental hypothesis is the existence of three hyperbolic solutions for the limit systems, in which case the upper and lower ones are attractive. All the global dynamical possibilities are described in terms of the internal dynamics of the pullback attractor: cases of tracking of the two hyperbolic attractive solutions or lack of it (tipping) may arise. This analysis, made in the language of processes and also in terms of the skewproduct formulation of the problem, includes cases of rate-induced critical transitions, as well as cases of phase-induced and size-induced tipping. The conclusions are applied in models of mathematical biology and population dynamics. Rate-induced tracking phenomena causing extinction of a native species or invasion of a non-native one are described, as well as population models affected by a Holling type III functional response to predation where tipping due to the changes in the size of the transition may occur. In all these cases, the appearance of a critical transition can be understood as a consequence of the strength of Allee effect.
Appendix 4. Preservatives and methods for algal cell enumeration.
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and Desalination: a Guide to Impacts, Monitoring and Management.
Creators: name: Anderson, Donald M.
name: Karlson, Bengt
Publisher: name: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Parameter Discipline::Biological oceanography

description: There are multiple ways to preserve phytoplankton samples and determine the algal species composition and abundance. This Appendix provides details on some of the most common methods. Additional relevant publications are included in Section 5, References. One of the most useful is Karlson et al. (2010), which can be downloaded at http://hab.iocunesco. org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=5440.
Identifying anatomical origins of coexisting oscillations in the cortical microcircuit
Creators: name: Bos, Hannah
name: Diesmann, Markus
name: Helias, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Oscillations are omnipresent in neural population signals, like multi-unit recordings, EEG/MEG, and the local field potential. They have been linked to the population firing rate of neurons, with individual neurons firing in a close-to-irregular fashion at low rates. Using a combination of mean-field and linear response theory we predict the spectra generated in a layered microcircuit model of V1, composed of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons and based on connectivity compiled from anatomical and electrophysiological studies. The model exhibits low- and high-gamma oscillations visible in all populations. Since locally generated frequencies are imposed onto other populations, the origin of the oscillations cannot be deduced from the spectra. We develop an universally applicable systematic approach that identifies the anatomical circuits underlying the generation of oscillations in a given network. Based on a theoretical reduction of the dynamics, we derive a sensitivity measure resulting in a frequency-dependent connectivity map that reveals connections crucial for the peak amplitude and frequency of the observed oscillations and identifies the minimal circuit generating a given frequency. The low-gamma peak turns out to be generated in a sub-circuit located in layer 2/3 and 4, while the high-gamma peak emerges from the inter-neurons in layer 4. Connections within and onto layer 5 are found to regulate slow rate fluctuations. We further demonstrate how small perturbations of the crucial connections have significant impact on the population spectra, while the impairment of other connections leaves the dynamics on the population level unaltered. The study uncovers connections where mechanisms controlling the spectra of the cortical microcircuit are most effective.
Brookea Bentham 1876
Creators: name: Neo, Louise
name: Huurne, Suzanne Ter
name: Adema, Frits
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Stilbaceae
Brookea

description: Brookea Benth. (1876a: 939).
 Type: — Brookea dasyantha Benth.
 Shrubs or small trees. Stellate hairs present. Leaves simple, opposite, usually one of a pair smaller than the other, margin denticulate, venation pinnate. Inflorescences racemes, terminal. Calyx connate, 4- or 5-dentate. Corolla connate, bilabiate, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, with two keels on the median lobe. Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers apicifixed, versatile, cells divergent, opening introrse, longitudinally. Ovary 2-locular, with distinct placentas, ovules numerous; stigma bilobed. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Seeds numerous, disc-like.
 Distribution: —Six species, four in Borneo and three in Sulawesi.
description: Published as part of Neo, Louise, Huurne, Suzanne Ter & Adema, Frits, 2019, A taxonomic revision of the genus Brookea (Plantaginaceae), pp. 171-186 in Phytotaxa 403 (3) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.403.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13716286
Ordered community detection in directed networks
Creators: name: Peixoto, Tiago P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method to infer community structure in directed networks where the groups are ordered in a latent one-dimensional hierarchy that determines the preferred edge direction. Our nonparametric Bayesian approach is based on a modification of the stochastic block model (SBM), which can take advantage of rank alignment and coherence to produce parsimonious descriptions of networks that combine ordered hierarchies with arbitrary mixing patterns between groups. Since our model also includes directed degree correction, we can use it to distinguish non-local hierarchical structure from local in- and out-degree imbalance -- thus removing a source of conflation present in most ranking methods. We also demonstrate how we can reliably compare with the results obtained with the unordered SBM variant to determine whether a hierarchical ordering is statistically warranted in the first place. We illustrate the application of our method on a wide variety of empirical networks across several domains.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Black hole images: A Review
Creators: name: Chen, Songbai
name: Jing, Jiliang
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
name: Wang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, unprecedented progress has been achieved regarding black holes' observation through the electromagnetic channel. The images of the supermassive black holes M87$^{*}$ and Sgr A$^{*}$ released by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration provided direct visual evidence for their existence, which has stimulated further studies on various aspects of the compact celestial objects. Moreover, the information stored in these images provides a new way to understand the pertinent physical processes that occurred near the black holes, to test alternative theories of gravity, and to furnish insight into fundamental physics. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent developments on the topic. In particular, we elaborate on the features and formation mechanism of black hole shadows, the properties of black hole images illuminated by the surrounding thin accretion disk, and the corresponding polarization patterns. The potential applications of the relevant studies are also addressed.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, Acepted by Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron
Exponential Approach to the Hydrodynamic Attractor in Yang-Mills Kinetic Theory
Creators: name: Du, Xiaojian
name: Heller, Michal P.
name: Schlichting, Sören
name: Svensson, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use principal component analysis to study the hydrodynamic attractor in Yang-Mills kinetic theory undergoing the Bjorken expansion with Color Glass Condensate initial conditions. The late time hydrodynamic attractor is characterized by a single principal component determining the overall energy scale. How it is reached is governed by the disappearance of single subleading principal component characterizing deviations of the pressure anisotropy, the screening mass and the scattering rate. We find that for wide range of couplings the approach to the hydrodynamic attractor at late times is well described by an exponential. Its decay rate dependence on the coupling turns out to translate into a simple dependence on the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
From well-known tensor mesons to yet unknown axial-tensor mesons
Creators: name: Jafarzade, Shahriyar
name: Vereijken, Arthur
name: Piotrowska, Milena
name: Giacosa, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the ground-state tensor ($J^{PC}=2^{++}$) mesons $a_{2}(1320)$, $K_{2}^{\ast}(1430)$, $f_{2}(1270)$, and $f_{2}^{\prime}(1525)$ are well known experimentally and form an almost ideal nonet of quark-antiquark states, their chiral partners, the ground-states axial-tensor ($J^{PC}=2^{--}$) mesons are poorly settled: only the kaonic member $K_2(1820)$ of the nonet has been experimentally found, whereas the isovector state $ρ_2$ and two isoscalar states $ω_2$ and $ϕ_2$ are still missing. Here, we study masses, strong, and radiative decays of tensor and axial-tensor mesons within a chiral model that links them: the established tensor mesons are used to test the model and to determine its parameters, and subsequently various predictions for their chiral partners, the axial-tensor mesons, are obtained. The results are compared to current lattice QCD outcomes as well as to other theoretical approaches and show that the ground-state axial-tensor mesons are expected to be quite broad, the vector-pseudoscalar mode being the most prominent decay mode followed by the tensor-pseudoscalar one. Nonetheless, their experimental finding seems to be possible in ongoing and/or future experiments.
description: 28 pages, v2: small modifications of the main text; corrected typos; added references
Community Integration Algorithms (CIAs) for Dynamical Systems on Networks
Creators: name: Böhle, Tobias
name: Thalhammer, Mechthild
name: Kuehn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Dynamics of large-scale network processes underlies crucial phenomena ranging across all sciences. Forward simulation of large network models is often computationally prohibitive. Yet, most networks have intrinsic community structure. We exploit these communities and propose a fast simulation algorithm for network dynamics. In particular, aggregating the inputs a node receives constitutes the limiting factor in numerically simulating large-scale network dynamics. We develop community integration algorithms (CIAs) significantly reducing function-evaluations. We obtain a substantial reduction from polynomial to linear computational complexity. We illustrate our results in multiple applications including classical and higher-order Kuramoto-type systems for synchronisation and Cucker--Smale systems exhibiting flocking behaviour on synthetic as well as real-world networks. Numerical comparison and theoretical analysis confirm the robustness and efficiency of CIAs.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Tuning long-range fermion-mediated interactions in cold-atom quantum simulators
Creators: name: Argüello-Luengo, Javier
name: González-Tudela, Alejandro
name: González-Cuadra, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering long-range interactions in cold-atom quantum simulators can lead to exotic quantum many-body behavior. Fermionic atoms in ultracold atomic mixtures can act as mediators, giving rise to long-range RKKY-type interactions characterized by the dimensionality and density of the fermionic gas. Here, we propose several tuning knobs, accessible in current experimental platforms, that allow to further control the range and shape of the mediated interactions, extending the existing quantum simulation toolbox. In particular, we include an additional optical lattice for the fermionic mediator, as well as anisotropic traps to change its dimensionality in a continuous manner. This allows us to interpolate between power-law and exponential decays, introducing an effective cutoff for the interaction range, as well as to tune the relative interaction strengths at different distances. Finally, we show how our approach allows to investigate frustrated regimes that were not previously accessible, where symmetry-protected topological phases as well as chiral spin liquids emerge.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Treg depletion potentiates checkpoint inhibition in claudin-low breast cancer
Creators: name: Iglesia, Michael D.
name: Brickey, W. June
name: Anders, Carey K.
name: McKinnon, Karen P.
name: Parker, Joel S.
name: Carey, Lisa A.
name: Vincent, Benjamin G.
name: Serody, Jonathan S.
name: Reisdorf, Shannon
name: Vick, Sarah C.
name: Taylor, Nicholas A.
name: Midkiff, Bentley R.
name: Perou, Charles M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Claudin-low breast cancer is an aggressive subtype that confers poor prognosis and is found largely within the clinical triple-negative group of breast cancer patients. Here, we have shown that intrinsic and immune cell gene signatures distinguish the claudin-low subtype clinically as well as in mouse models of other breast cancer subtypes. Despite adaptive immune cell infiltration in claudin-low tumors, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitory antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) were ineffective in controlling tumor growth. CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs represented a large proportion of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in claudin-low tumors, and Tregs isolated from tumor-bearing mice were able to suppress effector T cell responses. Tregs in the tumor microenvironment highly expressed PD-1 and were recruited partly through tumor generation of the chemokine CXCL12. Antitumor efficacy required stringent Treg depletion combined with checkpoint inhibition; delays in tumor growth were not observed using therapies that modestly diminished the number of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. This study provides evidence that the recruitment of Tregs to the tumor microenvironment inhibits an effective antitumor immune response and highlights early Treg recruitment as a possible mechanism for the lack of response to immune checkpoint blockade antibodies in specific subtypes of cancer that are heavily infiltrated with adaptive immune cells.
Nash equilibrium and evolutionary dynamics in semifinalists' dilemma
Creators: name: Baek, Seung Ki
name: Son, Seung-Woo
name: Jeong, Hyeong-Chai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a tournament among four equally strong semifinalists. The players have to decide how much stamina to use in the semifinals, provided that the rest is available in the final and the third-place playoff. We investigate optimal strategies for allocating stamina to the successive matches when players' prizes (payoffs) are given according to the tournament results. From the basic assumption that the probability to win a match follows a nondecreasing function of stamina difference, we present symmetric Nash equilibria for general payoff structures. We find three different phases of the Nash equilibria in the payoff space. First, when the champion wins a much bigger payoff than the others, any pure strategy can constitute a Nash equilibrium as long as all four players adopt it in common. Second, when the first two places are much more valuable than the other two, the only Nash equilibrium is such that everyone uses a pure strategy investing all stamina in the semifinal. Third, when the payoff for last place is much smaller than the others, a Nash equilibrium is formed when every player adopts a mixed strategy of using all or none of its stamina in the semifinals. In a limiting case that only last place pays the penalty, this mixed-strategy profile can be proved to be a unique symmetric Nash equilibrium, at least when the winning probability follows a Heaviside step function. Moreover, by using this Heaviside step function, we study the tournament by using evolutionary replicator dynamics to obtain analytic solutions, which reproduces the corresponding Nash equilibria on the population level and gives information on dynamic aspects.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Hyper-cores promote localization and efficient seeding in higher-order processes
Creators: name: Mancastroppa, Marco
name: Iacopini, Iacopo
name: Petri, Giovanni
name: Barrat, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Going beyond networks, to include higher-order interactions of arbitrary sizes, is a major step to better describe complex systems. In the resulting hypergraph representation, tools to identify structures and central nodes are scarce. We consider the decomposition of a hypergraph in hyper-cores, subsets of nodes connected by at least a certain number of hyperedges of at least a certain size. We show that this provides a fingerprint for data described by hypergraphs and suggests a novel notion of centrality, the hyper-coreness. We assess the role of hyper-cores and nodes with large hyper-coreness in higher-order dynamical processes: such nodes have large spreading power and spreading processes are localized in central hyper-cores. Additionally, in the emergence of social conventions very few committed individuals with high hyper-coreness can rapidly overturn a majority convention. Our work opens multiple research avenues, from comparing empirical data to model validation and study of temporally varying hypergraphs.
description: Main document: 13 pages, 6 figures; Supplementary Material: 47 pages, 40 figures
The possible assignments of the scalar $K_0^*(1950)$ and $K_0^*(2130)$ within the $^3P_0$ model
Creators: name: Li, Tian-Ge
name: Gao, Zhuo
name: Wang, Guan-Ying
name: Li, De-Min
name: Wang, En
name: Zhu, Jingya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have evaluated the strong decays of the $K_0^*(1950)$ and $K_0^*(2130)$ within the $^3P_0$ model, by employing the meson wave functions from the relativized quark model. By comparing with the experimental measurements, the $K_0^*(2130)$ could be assigned as $K_0^*(3^3P_0)$, while the $K_0^*(1950)$ seems like an exotic state, because its width can not be reasonably reproduced within the $^3P_0$ model. We also predict that the $K_0^*(2^3P_0)$ state has a mass of about $1811$ MeV and a width of about $656$ MeV, while the $K_0^*(4^3P_0)$ state has a mass of about $2404$ MeV and a width of about $180$ MeV.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, comments or suggestions are welcome
Summer 2022. The Fabric of Flowers
Creators: name: LLC, Cora Ginsburg
Publisher: name: Cora Ginsburg LLC: A catalogue of rare works of art including 17th to 20th century costume, textiles, and needlework
Year: 2023

description: Cora Ginsburg LLC: A catalogue of rare works of art including 17th to 20th century costume, textiles, and needlework, 2022: Summer 2022. The Fabric of Flowers
Dark Matter Halos as Particle Colliders: A Unified Solution to Small-Scale Structure Puzzles from Dwarfs to Clusters
Creators: name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
name: Tulin, Sean
name: Yu, Hai-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical observations spanning dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters indicate that dark matter (DM) halos are less dense in their central regions compared to expectations from collisionless DM N-body simulations. Using detailed fits to DM halos of galaxies and clusters, we show that self-interacting DM (SIDM) may provide a consistent solution to the DM deficit problem across all scales, even though individual systems exhibit a wide diversity in halo properties. Since the characteristic velocity of DM particles varies across these systems, we are able to measure the self-interaction cross section as a function of kinetic energy and thereby deduce the SIDM particle physics model parameters. Our results prefer a mildly velocity-dependent cross section, from $σ/m \simeq 2\; {\rm cm^2/g}$ on galaxy scales to $σ/m \simeq 0.1\; {\rm cm^2/g}$ on cluster scales, consistent with the upper limits from merging clusters. Our results dramatically improve the constraints on SIDM models and may allow the masses of both DM and dark mediator particles to be measured even if the dark sector is completely hidden from the Standard Model, which we illustrate for the dark photon model.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Separating the edges of a graph by a linear number of paths
Creators: name: Bonamy, Marthe
name: Botler, Fábio
name: Dross, François
name: Naia, Tássio
name: Skokan, Jozef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, Letzter proved that any graph of order $n$ contains a collection $\mathcal{P}$ of $O(n\log^\star n)$ paths with the following property: for all distinct edges $e$ and $f$ there exists a path in $\mathcal{P}$ which contains $e$ but not $f$. We improve this upper bound to $19 n$, thus answering a question of G.O.H. Katona and confirming a conjecture independently posed by Balogh, Csaba, Martin, and Pluhár and by Falgas-Ravry, Kittipassorn, Korándi, Letzter, and Narayanan. Our proof is elementary and self-contained.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells treat and prevent acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease
Creators: name: Stefanski, Heather E.
name: Vincent, Benjamin G.
name: Armistead, Paul M.
name: Serody, Jonathan S.
name: Blazar, Bruce R.
name: Coghill, James M.
name: Dant, Trisha A.
name: McKenzie, Andrew N. J.
name: Shlomchik, Warren D.
name: Serody, David A.
name: Wilson, Justin E.
name: McKinnon, Karen P.
name: Reisdorf, Shannon
name: Bruce, Danny W.
name: Bommiasamy, Hemamalini
name: Zaiss, Dietmar M. W.
name: Ting, Jenny P. Y.
name: Woosley, John T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the most common complication for patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Despite extremely aggressive therapy targeting donor T cells, patients with grade III or greater aGVHD of the lower GI tract, who do not respond to therapy with corticosteroids, have a dismal prognosis. Thus, efforts to improve understanding of the function of local immune and non-immune cells in regulating the inflammatory process in the GI tract during aGVHD are needed. Here, we demonstrate, using murine models of allogeneic BMT, that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lower GI tract are sensitive to conditioning therapy and show very limited ability to repopulate from donor bone marrow. Infusion of donor ILC2s was effective in reducing the lethality of aGVHD and in treating lower GI tract disease. ILC2 infusion was associated with reduced donor proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells, accumulation of donor myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) mediated by ILC2 production of IL-13, improved GI tract barrier function, and a preserved graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response. Collectively, these findings suggest that infusion of donor ILC2s to restore gastrointestinal tract homeostasis may improve treatment of severe lower GI tract aGVHD.
Random diffusivity processes in an external force field
Creators: name: Wang, Xudong
name: Chen, Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brownian yet non-Gaussian processes have recently been observed in numerous biological systems and the corresponding theories have been built based on random diffusivity models. Considering the particularity of random diffusivity, this paper studies the effect of an external force acting on two kinds of random diffusivity models whose difference is embodied in whether the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is valid. Based on the two random diffusivity models, we derive the Fokker-Planck equations with an arbitrary external force, and analyse various observables in the case with a constant force, including the Einstein relation, the moments, the kurtosis, and the asymptotic behaviors of the probability density function of particle's displacement at different time scales. Both the theoretical results and numerical simulations of these observables show significant difference between the two kinds of random diffusivity models, which implies the important role of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in random diffusivity systems.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Cora Ginsburg - Winter 2022
Creators: name: LLC, Cora Ginsburg
Publisher: name: Cora Ginsburg LLC: A catalogue of rare works of art including 17th to 20th century costume, textiles, and needlework
Year: 2023

description: Cora Ginsburg LLC: A catalogue of rare works of art including 17th to 20th century costume, textiles, and needlework, 2022: Winter 2022. A Catalogue of 16th to 20th century costume textiles & needlework
KilonovaNet: Surrogate Models of Kilonova Spectra with Conditional Variational Autoencoders
Creators: name: Lukošiūtė, Kamilė
name: Raaijmakers, Geert
name: Doctor, Zoheyr
name: Soares-Santos, Marcelle
name: Nord, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed radiative transfer simulations of kilonova spectra play an essential role in multimessenger astrophysics. Using the simulation results in parameter inference studies requires building a surrogate model from the simulation outputs to use in algorithms requiring sampling. In this work, we present KilonovaNet, an implementation of conditional variational autoencoders (cVAEs) for the construction of surrogate models of kilonova spectra. This method can be trained on spectra directly, removing overhead time of pre-processing spectra, and greatly speeds up parameter inference time. We build surrogate models of three state-of-the-art kilonova simulation data sets and present in-depth surrogate error evaluation methods, which can in general be applied to any surrogate construction method. By creating synthetic photometric observations from the spectral surrogate, we perform parameter inference for the observed light curve data of GW170817 and compare the results with previous analyses. Given the speed with which KilonovaNet performs during parameter inference, it will serve as a useful tool in future gravitational wave observing runs to quickly analyze potential kilonova candidates
ASAS-SN follow-up of IceCube high-energy neutrino alerts
Creators: name: Necker, Jannis
name: de Jaeger, Thomas
name: Stein, Robert
name: Franckowiak, Anna
name: Shappee, Benjamin J.
name: Kowalski, Marek
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Stanek, Krzysztof Z.
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Desai, Dhvanil D.
name: Neumann, Kyle
name: Jayasinghe, Tharindu
name: Holoien, T. W. -S.
name: Thompson, Todd A.
name: Holmbo, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the search for optical counterparts to IceCube neutrino alerts released between April 2016 and August 2021 with the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN). Despite the discovery of a diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino flux in 2013, the source of those neutrinos remains largely unknown. Since 2016, IceCube has published likely-astrophysical neutrinos as public realtime alerts. Through a combination of normal survey and triggered target-of-opportunity observations, ASAS-SN obtained images within 1 hour of the neutrino detection for 20% (11) of all observable IceCube alerts and within one day for another 57% (32). For all observable alerts, we obtained images within at least two weeks from the neutrino alert. ASAS-SN provides the only optical follow-up for about 17% of IceCube's neutrino alerts. We recover the two previously claimed counterparts to neutrino alerts, the flaring-blazar TXS 0506+056 and the tidal disruption event AT2019dsg. We investigate the light curves of previously-detected transients in the alert footprints, but do not identify any further candidate neutrino sources. We also analysed the optical light curves of Fermi 4FGL sources coincident with high-energy neutrino alerts, but do not identify any contemporaneous flaring activity. Finally, we derive constraints on the luminosity functions of neutrino sources for a range of assumed evolution models.
Fast Ion Isotropization by Current Sheet Scattering in Magnetic Reconnection Jets
Creators: name: Richard, L.
name: Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.
name: Graham, D. B.
name: Vaivads, A.
name: Gershman, D. J.
name: Russell, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical analysis of ion distributions in magnetic reconnection jets using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. Compared with the quiet plasma in which the jet propagates, we often find anisotropic and non-Maxwellian ion distributions in the plasma jets. We observe magnetic field fluctuations associated with unstable ion distributions, but the wave amplitudes are not large enough to scatter ions during the observed travel time of the jet. We estimate that the phase-space diffusion due to chaotic and quasi-adiabatic ion motion in the current sheet is sufficiently fast to be the primary process leading to isotropization.
A Complete Two-Loop, Five-Gluon Helicity Amplitude in Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Badger, Simon
name: Mogull, Gustav
name: Ochirov, Alexander
name: O'Connell, Donal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the integrand of the full-colour, two-loop, five-gluon scattering amplitude in pure Yang-Mills theory with all helicities positive, using generalized unitarity cuts. Tree-level BCJ relations, satisfied by amplitudes appearing in the cuts, allow us to deduce all the necessary non-planar information for the full-colour amplitude from known planar data. We present our result in terms of irreducible numerators, with colour factors derived from the multi-peripheral colour decomposition. Finally, the leading soft divergences are checked to reproduce the expected infrared behaviour.
description: 23 pages + refs, 4 figures, 2 tables; v2 minor corrections, journal version
Development and Validation of an Improved PCR Method Using the 23S-5S Intergenic Spacer for Detection of Rickettsiae in Dermacentor variabilis Ticks and Tissue Samples from Humans and Laboratory Animals
Creators: name: Ponnusamy, Loganathan
name: Nicholson, William L.
name: Apperson, Charles S.
name: Kakumanu, Madhavi L.
name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Sutton, Haley T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: A novel nested PCR assay was developed to detect Rickettsia spp. in ticks and tissue samples from humans and laboratory animals. Primers were designed for the nested run to amplify a variable region of the 23S-5S intergenic spacer (IGS) of Rickettsia spp. The newly designed primers were evaluated using genomic DNA from 11 Rickettsia species belonging to the spotted fever, typhus, and ancestral groups and, in parallel, compared to other Rickettsia -specific PCR targets ( ompA , gltA , and the 17-kDa protein gene). The new 23S-5S IGS nested PCR assay amplified all 11 Rickettsia spp., but the assays employing other PCR targets did not. The novel nested assay was sensitive enough to detect one copy of a cloned 23S-5S IGS fragment from “ Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii.” Subsequently, the detection efficiency of the 23S-5S IGS nested assay was compared to those of the other three assays using genomic DNA extracted from 40 adult Dermacentor variabilis ticks. The nested 23S-5S IGS assay detected Rickettsia DNA in 45% of the ticks, while the amplification rates of the other three assays ranged between 5 and 20%. The novel PCR assay was validated using clinical samples from humans and laboratory animals that were known to be infected with pathogenic species of Rickettsia . The nested 23S-5S IGS PCR assay was coupled with reverse line blot hybridization with species-specific probes for high-throughput detection and simultaneous identification of the species of Rickettsia in the ticks. “ Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii,” R. montanensis , R. felis , and R. bellii were frequently identified species, along with some potentially novel Rickettsia strains that were closely related to R. bellii and R. conorii .
On Class Number Relations and Intersections over Function Fields
Creators: name: Guo, Jia-Wei
name: Wei, Fu-Tsun
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2022

description: The aim of this paper is to study class number relations over function fields and the intersections of Hirzebruch-Zagier type divisors on the Drinfeld-Stuhler modular surfaces. The main bridge is a particular "harmonic" theta series with nebentypus. Using the strong approximation theorem, the Fourier coefficients of this series are expressed in two ways; one comes from modified Hurwitz class numbers and another gives the intersection numbers in question.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 1321-1368
Freezing Out Fluctuations in Hydro+ Near the QCD Critical Point
Creators: name: Pradeep, Maneesha
name: Rajagopal, Krishna
name: Stephanov, Mikhail
name: Yin, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a freeze-out procedure to convert the critical fluctuations in a droplet of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that has, as it expanded and cooled, passed close to a posited critical point on the phase diagram into cumulants of hadron multiplicities that can subsequently be measured. The procedure connects the out-of-equilibrium critical fluctuations described in concert with the hydrodynamic evolution of the droplet of QGP by extended hydrodynamics, known as Hydro+, with the subsequent kinetic description in terms of observable hadrons. We introduce a critical scalar isoscalar field sigma whose fluctuations cause correlations between observed hadrons due to the couplings of the sigma field to the hadrons via their masses. We match the QGP fluctuations obtained by solving the Hydro+ equations describing the evolution of critical fluctuations before freeze-out to the correlations of the sigma field. In turn, these are imprinted onto correlations and fluctuations in the multiplicity of hadrons, most importantly protons, after freeze-out via the generalization of the familiar half-century-old Cooper-Frye freeze-out prescription which we introduce. The proposed framework allows us to study the effects of critical slowing down and the consequent deviation of the observable predictions from equilibrium expectations quantitatively. We also quantify the suppression of cumulants due to conservation of baryon number. We demonstrate the procedure in practice by freezing out a Hydro+ simulation in an azimuthally symmetric and boost invariant background that includes radial flow discussed in arXiv:1908.08539.
description: 67 pages, 21 figures
Surface polarization and edge charges
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuanjun
name: Rabe, Karin
name: Vanderbilt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The term "surface polarization" is introduced to describe the in-plane polarization existing at the surface of an insulating crystal when the in-plane surface inversion symmetry is broken. Here, the surface polarization is formulated in terms of a Berry phase, with the hybrid Wannier representation providing a natural basis for study of this effect. Tight binding models are used to demonstrate how the surface polarization reveals itself via the accumulation of charges at the corners/edges for a two dimensional rectangular lattice and for GaAs.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Topological Darkness: How to Design a Metamaterial for Optical Biosensing with Virtually Unlimited Sensitivity
Creators: name: Tselikov, G.
name: Danilov, A.
name: Shipunova, V. O.
name: Deyev, S. M.
name: Kabashin, A. V.
name: Grigorenko, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the absence of labels and fast analyses, optical biosensors promise major advances in biomedical diagnostics, security, environmental and food safety applications. However, sensitivity of the most advanced plasmonic biosensor implementations has a fundamental limitation caused by losses in the system and or geometry of biochips. Here, we report a scissor effect in topologically dark metamaterials which is capable of providing virtually unlimited bona fide sensitivity to biosensing thus solving the bottleneck sensitivity limitation problem. We explain how the scissor effect can be realized via a proper design of topologically dark metamaterials and describe strategies for their fabrication. To validate the applicability of this effect in biosensing, we demonstrate the detection of folic acid (vitamin important for human health) in the wide 3-log linear dynamic range with the limit of detection of 0.125 nM, which is orders of magnitude better than previously reported for all optical counterparts. Our work opens possibilities for designing and realising plasmonic, semiconductor and dielectric metamaterials with ultra-sensitivity to binding events.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Multicenter Evaluation of the Xpert Norovirus Assay for Detection of Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Fecal Specimens
Creators: name: Rao, Arundhati
name: Gonzalez, Mark D.
name: Langley, L. Claire
name: Miller, Melissa B.
name: Ledeboer, Nathan A.
name: Templeton, Kate
name: Vinjé, Jan
name: Liebert, Uwe G.
name: Buchan, Blake W.
name: Maier, Melanie
name: Burnham, Carey-Ann D.
name: Walker, Kimberly
name: Popowitch, Elena B.
name: Faron, Matthew L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Norovirus is the most common cause of sporadic gastroenteritis and outbreaks worldwide. The rapid identification of norovirus has important implications for infection prevention measures and may reduce the need for additional diagnostic testing. The Xpert Norovirus assay recently received FDA clearance for the detection and differentiation of norovirus genogroups I and II (GI and GII), which account for the vast majority of infections. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Xpert Norovirus assay with both fresh, prospectively collected ( n = 914) and frozen, archived ( n = 489) fecal specimens. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) composite reference method was used as the gold standard for comparison. For both prospective and frozen specimens, the Xpert Norovirus assay showed positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) values of 98.3% and 98.1% for GI and of 99.4% and 98.2% for GII, respectively. Norovirus prevalence in the prospective specimens (collected from March to May of 2014) was 9.9% ( n = 90), with the majority of positives caused by genogroup II (82%, n = 74). The positive predictive value (PPV) of the Xpert Norovirus assay was 75% for GI-positive specimens, whereas it was 86.5% for GII-positive specimens. The negative predictive values (NPV) for GI and GII were 100% and 99.9%, respectively.
Harmonic forms on asymptotically AdS metrics
Creators: name: Franchetti, Guido
name: Galán, Raúl Sánchez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the rotationally invariant harmonic cohomology of a 2-parameter family of Einstein metrics $g$ which admits a cohomogeneity one action of $SU (2) \times U (1) $ and has AdS asymptotics. Depending on the values of the parameters, $g$ is either of NUT type, if the fixed-point locus of the $U (1) $ action is 0-dimensional, or of bolt type, if it is 2-dimensional. We find that if $g$ is of NUT type then the space of $SU (2) $-invariant harmonic 2-forms is 3-dimensional and consists entirely of self-dual forms; if $g$ is of bolt type it is 4-dimensional. In both cases we explicitly determine a basis. The pair $(g,F)$ for $F$ a self-dual harmonic 2-form is also a solution of the bosonic sector of $4D $ supergravity. We determine for which choices it is a supersymmetric solution and the amount of preserved supersymmetry.
description: Updated to match the published version