cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$U(1)_{B-3L_α}$ Extended Scotogenic Models and Single-zero Textures of Neutrino Mass Matrices
Creators: name: Wang, Weijian
name: Han, Zhi-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a scotogenic model of neutrino masses with flavor-dependent $U(1)_{B-3L_α}(α=e, μ, τ)$ gauge symmetry, in which neutrinos are generated at one-loop level and a fermion dark matter is naturally accommodated. In this model, three one-zero-texture structures of neutrino mass matrix, denoted as patterns A, B and C, are successfully realized by appropriate charge assignment for inert fermions and scalar fields. For each predicted textures, a detailed numerical analysis is carried out to find the allowed regions of neutrino mixing and masses. We find three scenarios (A for normal mass hierarchy, and B and C for inverted mass hierarchy) favored by the latest data of neutrino oscillation experiments and Planck 2018 limit on the sum of neutrino masses. Other phenomenologies such as lepton flavor violation, dark matter and collider signatures are also discussed.
The Expected Properties of Dark Lenses
Creators: name: Rusin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of multiple-image gravitational lens systems formed by dark matter halos. Both the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) and Moore et al. mass profiles are considered, and the effects of quadrupole perturbations to the lensing potential are taken into account. The systems produced by dark halos exhibit two generic properties that serve as powerful benchmarks for scrutinizing individual lens candidates: small flux ratios between the two brightest images in triples, and detectable odd images. In contrast, most currently ambiguous quasar pairs consist of two components with flux ratios > 3:1. Such systems are statistical outliers in the expected distribution of dark lenses, and are therefore likely to be binary quasars.
description: final version, minor corrections, 18 pages, ApJ June 20 2002
Constrained Curve Fitting
Creators: name: Lepage, G. P.
name: Clark, B.
name: Davies, C. T. H.
name: Hornbostel, K.
name: Mackenzie, P. B.
name: Morningstar, C.
name: Trottier, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We survey techniques for constrained curve fitting, based upon Bayesian statistics, that offer significant advantages over conventional techniques used by lattice field theorists.
description: Lattice2001(plenary); plenary talk given by G.P. Lepage at Lattice 2001 (Berlin); 9 pages, 5 figures (postscript specials)
The role of activation format in price information transfer between categories-Abstract
Creators: name: Peschel, Anne O.
name: Scholderer, Joachim
name: Zielke, Stephan
name: Peschel, Anne O.
name: Scholderer, Joachim
name: Zielke, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Productivity Analysis

description: Removed at the request of the first author.
How Much Do Unstated Problem Constraints Limit Deep Robotic Reinforcement Learning?
Creators: name: Lewis, W. Cannon
name: Moll, Mark
name: Kavraki, Lydia E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep Reinforcement Learning is a promising paradigm for robotic control which has been shown to be capable of learning policies for high-dimensional, continuous control of unmodeled systems. However, RoboticReinforcement Learning currently lacks clearly defined benchmark tasks, which makes it difficult for researchers to reproduce and compare against prior work. ``Reacher'' tasks, which are fundamental to robotic manipulation, are commonly used as benchmarks, but the lack of a formal specification elides details that are crucial to replication. In this paper we present a novel empirical analysis which shows that the unstated spatial constraints in commonly used implementations of Reacher tasks make it dramatically easier to learn a successful control policy with DeepDeterministic Policy Gradients (DDPG), a state-of-the-art Deep RL algorithm. Our analysis suggests that less constrained Reacher tasks are significantly more difficult to learn, and hence that existing de facto benchmarks are not representative of the difficulty of general robotic manipulation.
description: Rice University technical report
Regulation of mammalian IRE1α: Co-chaperones and their importance
Creators: name: Amin-Wetzel, Niko
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Unfolded protein response
Endoplasmic Reticulum stress
Proteostasis
IRE1
Stess sensing
ERdj4
Hsp70
Co-Chaperones
Chaperone inhibiton

description: When unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the unfolded protein response (UPR) increases ER protein folding capacity to restore protein folding homeostasis. Unfolded proteins activate UPR signalling across the ER membrane to the nucleus by promoting oligomerisation of IRE1, a conserved transmembrane ER stress receptor. Despite significant research, the mechanism of coupling ER stress to IRE1 oligomerisation and activation has remained contested. There are two proposed mechanisms by which IRE1 may sense accumulating unfolded proteins. In the direct binding mechanism, unfolded proteins are able to bind directly to IRE1 to drive its oligomerisation. In the chaperone inhibition mechanism, unfolded proteins compete for the repressive BiP bound to IRE1 leaving IRE1 free to oligomerise. Currently, these two mechanisms respectively lack compelling in vivo and in vitro evidence required to assess their validity. The work presented here first describes in vivo experiments that identify a role of the ER co-chaperone ERdj4 as an IRE1 repressor that promotes a complex between the luminal Hsp70 BiP and the luminal stress-sensing domain of IRE1α (IRE1LD). This is then built on by a series of in vitro experiments showing that ERdj4 catalyses formation of a repressive BiP-IRE1LD complex and that this complex can be disrupted by the presence of competing unfolded protein substrates to restore IRE1LD to its default, dimeric, and active state. The identification of ERdj4 and the in vitro reconstitution of chaperone inhibition establish BiP and its J-domain co-chaperones as key regulators of the UPR. This thesis also utilises the power of Cas9-CRISPR technology to introduce specific mutations into the endogenous IRE1α locus and to screen for derepressing IRE1α mutations. Via this methodology, two predicted unstructured regions of IRE1 are found to be important for IRE1 repression. Finally, this thesis challenges recent in vitro findings concerning the direct binding mechanism.
description: Medical Research Council
Leptogenesis and CP Violation in Neutrino Oscillations
Creators: name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming the seesaw and leptogenesis mechanisms, I give some general remarks on possible connection or disconnection between CP violation in heavy Majorana neutrino decays and that in neutrino oscillations. A simple but predictive ansatz is proposed to simultaneously interpret the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe and oscillations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos.
description: Talk given at ICHEP 2002, Amsterdam (to appear in the proceedings)
Examiner feedback and learning: What are the characteristics of effective remote feedback in a hierarchic, professional context?
Creators: name: Johnson, Martin Joseph
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Feedback
sociocultural theory
discourse analysis
examiner practice
sociocultural discourse analysis
remote communication
computer supported communication
professional communication
work-based learning

description: My study explores the characteristics of remote performance feedback that professional examiners working in the Oxford, Cambridge & RSA (OCR) awarding body communicate to each other. Drawing on sociocultural theories, I argue that this interaction possesses learning potential because between-professional communication supports the development of participants’ reasoning through the alignment of culturally appropriate collective thinking. My data consists of 991 feedback messages that were captured during two examination sessions (between May and July 2014, and between May and July 2015). These remote interactions (either email or telephone) involved three senior examiners and 27 examiners. These feedback interactions have an important quality assurance function as they help to ensure that the examiners carry out marking practices to an agreed standard. My research explores two interlinked research questions: ‘What are the characteristics of examiner feedback?’ and ‘What are the characteristics of effective examiner feedback?’ For the first research question I develop a methodology that extends the Sociocultural Discourse Analysis (SCDA) approach developed by Neil Mercer; I call this approach Augmented Sociocultural Discourse Analysis (ASCDA). My methodology allows me to investigate the features of interaction at both a particular and a general level, and clusters my analysis into four specific feedback discourse themes: feedback content, the development of discourse over time, evidence of joint intellectual action within feedback, and the impact of feedback. In order to address the second question I hypothesise that effectiveness relates to how feedback features support or undermine examiners’ common ground building. I synthesise the findings from these analyses to consider the lessons for examiner practice in particular, and for other professional feedback practices more generally. Taken together, these analyses suggest that feedback-giving is an intellectually challenging process. My analyses also suggest that this complexity involves the participants establishing and maintaining an Intermental Development Zone through their feedback communication, and that this entails them manipulating discourse features whilst simultaneously attending to a variety of contextual features of the professional environment.
Hog Profit Margin Hedging: A Long-Term Out-of-Sample Evaluation
Creators: name: Kee, Gary D.
name: Kenyon, David E.
name: Kee, Gary D.
name: Kenyon, David E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: This paper is long-term evaluation of the profit margin hedging strategy suggested by Kenyon and Clay. To implement this strategy an expected profit margin is estimated based on the amount of pork, corn price, and soybean meal price. Additionally, the profit margin that can be "locked in" by the futures market is calculated from the futures prices of live hogs, corn and soybean meal with an allowance for other cost. The hedging rule is to hedge hogs, corn and soybean meal when a profit margin of fifty-five percent above the expected profit margin can be "locked-in" with the futures. In their original paper, using data from 1975-82, Kenyon and Clay found this method of hedging stabilized cash flow while increasing the overall profit level. Using data from 1983-98, we find no difference in profits from hedging versus not hedging. The most obvious reason for the lack of success is the inability to predict the expected profit margin with the simple model used by Kenyon and Clay. Additionally, in this study as with any long-term study dealing with cost, a continuous, realistic cost structure that is available throughout the study period is a serious limitation.
Supplementary Methods from Cardiac metabolomic profile of the naked mole-rat—glycogen to the rescue
Creators: name: Faulkes, Chris G.
name: Eykyn, Thomas R.
name: Aksentijevic, Dunja
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: The African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is unique among mammals, displaying extreme longevity, resistance to cardiovascular disease and an ability to survive long periods of extreme hypoxia. The metabolic adaptations required for resistance to hypoxia are hotly debated and a recent report provides evidence that they are able to switch from glucose to fructose driven glycolysis in the brain. However, other systemic alterations in their metabolism are largely unknown. In the current study, a semi-targeted high resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) metabolomics investigation was performed on cardiac tissue from the naked mole-rat (NMR) and wild-type C57/BL6 mice to better understand these adaptations. A range of metabolic differences was observed in the NMR including increased lactate, consistent with enhanced rates of glycolysis previously reported, increased glutathione, suggesting increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased succinate/fumarate ratio suggesting reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production. Surprisingly, the most significant difference was an elevation of glycogen stores and glucose-1-phosphate resulting from glycogen turnover, that were completely absent in the mouse heart and above the levels found in the mouse liver. Thus, we identified a range of metabolic adaptations in the NMR heart that are relevant to their ability to survive extreme environmental pressures and metabolic stress. Our study underscores the plasticity of energetic pathways and the need for compensatory strategies to adapt in response to the physiological and pathological stress including ageing and ischaemic heart pathologies.
Commodity Futures Contract Viability: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Creators: name: Pennings, Joost M. E.
name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
name: Pennings, Joost M. E.
name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: We propose a framework in which the decisions and wishes of potential customers are investigated simultaneously with the necessary technical properties that need to be met for trading to take place. Within this framework the relationship between trading volume and hedging effectiveness is examined. Both basis risk and market depth risk are taken into account, and the relationship between farmer's characteristics and the probability of using futures is examined. The relationships are tested on a set of data gathered in a stratified sample of 440 famrers by means of computer-assisted personal interviews and on transaction-specific futures data. Structural equation models and multiple regression models are used to validate the relationships. The hedging effectiveness and the variables that play a role in the farmer's use of futures are related to the tools of the exchange.
Ciconichenophilus phoeniconaias Skoracki & Oconnor 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Skoracki, Maciej
name: Oconnor, Barry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Syringophilidae
Ciconichenophilus
Ciconichenophilus phoeniconaias

description: Ciconichenophilus phoeniconaias sp. nov.
(Figs 29–35)
 Description. FEMALE (Figs 29–35). Total body length of holotype 820 (980 in one paratype). Gnathosoma. Infracapitulum sparsely punctated. Each transverse branch of peritremes with 5–6 chambers, each longitudinal branch with 12–13 chambers (Fig. 31). Stylet of movable digit 190 long. Stylophore 230 (215) long. Idiosoma. Propodonotal shield well sclerotized, not punctated, with concave anterior margin, bearing bases of setae vi, ve, si, se, and c1. Setae se and c1 situated at same transverse level. Length ratio of setae vi: ve: si 1:1.3:1.5. Hysteronotal shield situated between bases of setae d1 and e, setae d1 situated on this shield, setae e near this shield. Setae d2 situated twice closer to d2 than to e. Pygidial shield well sclerotized, not punctated. Length ratio of setae d2: d1: e 1:1:1. Setae f1 and h1 subequal in length. Setae h2 1.7–1.9 times longer than f2. Aggenital setae ag1 and ag3 subequal in length, both slightly (1.2 times) shorter than ag2. Genital setae g1 and g2 subequal in length. Pseudanal setae ps1 and ps2 subequal in length. Cuticular striations as in Figs 29 and 30. Legs. Coxal fields of legs I–IV well sclerotized, without punctations. Apodemes of legs III and IV indiscernible. Setae tc”III-IV 1.7 times longer than tc’III-IV. Fan-like setae p’ and p” of legs III and IV with 5 tines each (Fig. 35). Setae 3c 1.3–1.8 times longer than 3b. Apodemes I not fused to apodemes II (Fig. 33). Leg setae vsII absent (Fig. 34). Length of setae: vi 145 (145), ve 195 (185), si 220 (220), se 295 (245), c1 270 (285), c2 285 (265), d1 255 (285), d2 270 (265), e 285 (320), f1 35 (35-45), f2 285 (285), h1 35 (35-45), h2 (480), ps1 and ps2 25 (25-30), g1 and g2 55 (55), ag1 260, ag2 215, ag3 270 (270), tc’III–IV 50 (45-55), tc”III–IV 85 (80-85), 3b 120 (105), 3c 150 (185), sc3 110 (110).
MALE. Unknown.
 Type material. Female holotype and 2 female paratypes (BMOC 82-1212-1) ex. secondary quill of Phoeniconaias minor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) (Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae), BOTSWANA: bird died in captivity and received in November 1982.
 Type deposition. All material is deposited at UMMZ.
 Etymology. The name phoeniconaias refers to the generic name of the host.
description: Published as part of Skoracki, Maciej & Oconnor, Barry, 2010, New taxa of quill mites (Acari: Cheyletoidea: Syringophilidae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2341 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2341.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5308045
Forecasting Corn and Soybean Basis Using Regime-Switching Models
Creators: name: Sanders, Daniel J.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
name: Sanders, Daniel J.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Corn and soybean producers in the core production areas of the U.S. have experienced a notable jump in basis volatility in recent years. In turn, these increasingly erratic swings in basis have increased producers’ price risk exposure and added a volatile component to their marketing plans. This paper seeks to apply regime-switching econometrics models to basis forecasting to provide a model that adjusts to changing volatility structures with the intent of improving forecasts in periods of volatile basis. Using basis data from 1981 through 2009 from ten reporting locations in Ohio, we find that although models using time series econometrics can provide better short run basis forecasts, simple five year moving average models are difficult to improve upon for more distant forecasting. Moreover, although there is statistical evidence in favor of the regime-changing models, they provide no real forecasting improvement over simpler autoregressive models.
Non Commutativity, Fluctuations and Unification
Creators: name: Sidharth, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that in the non commutativity and breakdown of conventional spacetime at micro scales lies the seed to the unification of gravitation and electromagnetism.
description: 10 pages, TeX
Modal analysis of a spinning disk in a dense fluid as a model for high head hydraulic turbines
Creators: name: Louyot, Max
name: Nennemann, Bernd
name: Monette, Christine
name: Gosselin, Frédérick P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high head Francis turbines and pump-turbines in particular, Rotor Stator Interaction (RSI) is an unavoidable source of excitation that needs to be predicted accurately. Precise knowledge of turbine dynamic characteristics, notably the variation of the rotor natural frequencies with rotation speed and added mass of the surrounding water, is essential to assess potential resonance and resulting amplification of vibrations. In these machines, the disk-like structures of the runner crown and band as well as the head cover and bottom ring give rise to the emergence of diametrical modes and a mode split phenomenon for which no efficient prediction method exists to date. Fully coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) methods are too computationally expensive; hence, we seek a simplified modelling tool for the design and the expected-life prediction of these turbines. We present the development of both an analytical modal analysis based on the assumed mode approach and potential flow theory, and a modal force Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach for rotating disks in dense fluid. Both methods accurately predict the natural frequency split as well as the natural frequency drift within 7.9% of the values measured experimentally. The analytical model explains how mode split and drift are respectively caused by linear and quadratic dependence of the added mass with relative circumferential velocity between flexural waves and fluid rotation.
Supplementary Tables S1 - S4 from Flight capacity increases then declines from the core to the margins of an invasive species' range
Creators: name: Merwin, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Supplementary descriptions of kudzu bug sites and rearing conditions and supplementary analyses (GLMMs) of flight capacity.
title: 02_0962
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Spectral Energy Distributions and Age Estimates of 78 Star Clusters in M33
Creators: name: Ma, Jun
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Chen, Jiansheng
name: Wu, Hong
name: Jiang, Zhaoji
name: Xue, Suijian
name: Zhu, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this third paper of our series, we present CCD spectrophotometry of 78 star clusters that were detected by Chandar, Bianchi, & Ford in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. CCD images of M33 were obtained as a part of the BATC Color Survey of the sky in 13 intermediate-band filters from 3800 to 10000Å. By aperture photometry, we obtain the spectral energy distributions of these 78 star clusters. As Chandar, Bianchi, & Ford did, we estimate the ages of our sample clusters by comparing the photometry of each object with theoretical stellar population synthesis models for different values of metallicity. We find that the sample clusters formed continuously in M33 from $\sim 3\times10^6$ -- $10^{10}$ years. This conclusion is consistent with Chandar, Bianchi, & Ford. The results also show that, there are two peaks in cluster formation, at $\sim 8\times10^6$ and $\sim 10^9$ years in these clusters.
description: 29 pages, one figure is gif form, will appear in the June 2002 issue of AJ
NuSTAR Tests of Sterile-Neutrino Dark Matter: New Galactic Bulge Observations and Combined Impact
Creators: name: Roach, Brandon M.
name: Ng, Kenny C. Y.
name: Perez, Kerstin
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
name: Krivonos, Roman
name: Wik, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze two dedicated NuSTAR observations with exposure ${\sim}190$ ks located ${\sim}10^\circ$ from the Galactic plane, one above and the other below, to search for x-ray lines from the radiative decay of sterile-neutrino dark matter. These fields were chosen to minimize astrophysical x-ray backgrounds while remaining near the densest region of the dark matter halo. We find no evidence of anomalous x-ray lines in the energy range 5--20 keV, corresponding to sterile neutrino masses 10--40 keV. Interpreted in the context of sterile neutrinos produced via neutrino mixing, these observations provide the leading constraints in the mass range 10--12 keV, improving upon previous constraints in this range by a factor ${\sim}2$. We also compare our results to Monte Carlo simulations, showing that the fluctuations in our derived limit are not dominated by systematic effects. An updated model of the instrumental background, which is currently under development, will improve NuSTAR's sensitivity to anomalous x-ray lines, particularly for energies 3--5 keV.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. Text updated to match published version in PRD. Conclusions unchanged
Comprehensive decision-strategy space exploration for efficient territorial planning strategies
Creators: name: Billaud, Olivier
name: Soubeyrand, Maxence
name: Luque, Sandra
name: Lenormand, Maxime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis is a well-known decision support tool that can be used in a wide variety of contexts. It is particularly useful for territorial planning in situations where several actors with different, and sometimes contradictory, point of views have to take a decision regarding land use development. While the impact of the weights used to represent the relative importance of criteria has been widely studied in the recent literature, the impact of the order weights used to combine the criteria have rarely been investigated. This paper presents a spatial sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of order weights determination in GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging. We propose a methodology based on an efficient exploration of the decision-strategy space defined by the level of risk and trade-off in the decision process. We illustrate our approach with a land use planning process in the South of France. The objective is to find suitable areas for urban development while preserving green areas and their associated ecosystem services. The ecosystem service approach has indeed the potential to widen the scope of traditional landscape-ecological planning by including ecosystem-based benefits, including social and economic benefits, green infrastructures and biophysical parameters in urban and territorial planning. We show that in this particular case the decision-strategy space can be divided into four clusters. Each of them is associated with a map summarizing the average spatial suitability distribution used to identify potential areas for urban development. We also demonstrate the pertinence of a spatial variance within-cluster analysis to disentangle the relationship between risk and trade-off values. At the end, we perform a site suitability ranking analysis to assess the relationship between the four detected clusters.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures + Appendix
Computable genuine multimode entanglement measure: Gaussian vs. non-Gaussian
Creators: name: Roy, Saptarshi
name: Das, Tamoghna
name: De, Aditi Sen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Genuine multimode entanglement in continuous variable systems can be quantified by exploring the geometry of the state-space, namely via the generalized geometric measure (GGM) which is defined as the shortest distance of a given multimode state from a nongenunely multimode entangled state. For multimode Gaussian states, we derive a closed form expression of GGM in terms of the symplectic invariants of the reduced states. Following that prescription, the characteristics of GGM for typical three- and four-mode Gaussian states are investigated. In the non-Gaussian paradigm, we compute GGM for photon-added as well as -subtracted states having three- and four-modes and find that both addition and subtraction of photons lead to enhancement of the genuine multimode entanglement content of the state compared to its Gaussian counterpart. Our analysis reveals that when an initial three-mode vacuum state is evolved according to an interacting Hamiltonian, photon addition is more beneficial in increasing GGM compared to photon subtraction while the picture is opposite for four-mode case. Specifically, subtracting photons from four-mode squeezed vacuum states almost always results in higher multimode entanglement content than that of photon addition with both single as well as multimode and constrained as well as unconstrained operations. Furthermore, we observe a novel freezing feature of GGM during some specific cases of photon subtraction with respect to the number of photons subtracted.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, close to the published version
Supplementary Figures S1 and S2 from Flight capacity increases then declines from the core to the margins of an invasive species' range
Creators: name: Merwin, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: (S1) Relationship between kudzu bug size (pronotal width) and density of nymphs within colonies. (S2) Relationship between kudzu bug average flight speed (m/s) and density of nymphs within colonies.
Modular Manufacture and Construction of Small Nuclear Power Generation Systems
Creators: name: Lloyd, Clara Anne
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Small Modular Reactor (SMR)
subject: Nuclear Engineering
subject: Civil Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Modularisation
subject: Off-Site Construction
subject: Prefabrication
subject: Construction Cost
subject: Build Schedule
subject: Project Schedule
subject: Transportation
subject: Modules
subject: Manufacturing
subject: Design for Manufacture and Assemby (DfMA)
subject: Economics

description: Nuclear power is a stable, secure, low-carbon energy source; however, recent nuclear power plant projects are challenged by long build times and high construction costs, making them difficult to finance. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are nuclear reactors smaller than 300 MWe and claim to leverage manufacturing principles and modular build to resolve these issues and help improve the competitiveness of nuclear power. This project investigates modular build in a nuclear context, explores modularisation principles and best practises in other industries, identifies key constraints and optimisation criteria, and develops a new conceptual framework for modularising nuclear plants based on their size and subject to transport constraints. Transportation limits the type and amount of construction work that can be moved off-site. Due to their smaller size, up to 80% of a SMR plant can be modularised and transported by road, compared to only 20% for large reactors. Schedule and cost benefits are maximised when at least 60% of in-situ work is moved off-site, favouring fully modular units smaller than 600 MWe. Stick-built SMRs are not competitive with large reactors on the basis of their construction cost. A fully modularised SMR, however, can move 50% of its overnight construction cost off-site, achieving costs of \$5,470/kWe (300 MWe SMR), competitive with the reference \$6,000/kWe cost for a stick-built large reactor. Build schedule indirectly impacts construction cost by affecting overheads and interest during construction. Modular SMRs have the greatest scope for schedule reduction, moving 30% of in-situ time off-site and reducing build time to 3.5 years (300 MWe SMR), compared to 6.5 years for stick-built large reactors. Production learning is also critical to SMR economics and, when coupled with shorter build schedules, significantly impacts SMR total capital investment costs. A standardised series of modular SMRs can reach total capital costs of \$4,600/kWe (300 MWe SMR) and can compete with the \$4,400/kWe benchmark for energy technologies. SMRs have a unique opportunity to utilise modularisation and this project shows how they can leverage modular build to improve the economic competitiveness of nuclear power.
description: Funded by EPSRC and Arup Ltd
Spintronic and electrochromic device based on Li-intercalated transition-metal doped anatase $\rm TiO_2$
Creators: name: Park, Min Sik
name: Min, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have explored the effects of the Li intercalation on the electronic and magnetic properties of transition-metal (TM) doped anatase TiO$_2$. By Li intercalation, Mn-doped TiO$_2$ exhibits the insulator to metal transition. On the other hand, Li-intercalated Fe-doped TiO$_2$ has the insulating ground state for low concentration of Li/Ti=0.067, but the metallic ground state for high concentration of Li/Ti=0.133. We discuss the $n$-type carrier induced ferromagnetism in Li-intercalated TM-doped anatase TiO$_2$. Based on the Li-intercalated TM-doped anatase TiO$_2$, we propose a potential spintronic and electrochromic device controlled by the electric-field.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Intra-industry Trade in Agricultural Products on intra-EC level: The Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Funds
Creators: name: Katrakilidis, Konstantinos
name: Mardas, Dimitri
name: Katrakilidis, Konstantinos
name: Mardas, Dimitri
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
subject: Economic integration
subject: intraindustry trade

description: This paper aims at specifying the main determinants of the intra-industry trade in agricultural products, associated with the funds of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EC, and more precisely, with its “price support mechanism” and its “structural reform policy.” It presents CAP’s reformed main tools and mechanisms, and explains the choice of selected variables as determinants of intra-industry trade in agricultural products at intra-EC trade. The econometric analysis covers the period 1973-2005, following recent developments in time-series analysis employing the ARDL approach to cointegration. The empirical results provide evidence of Granger causal effects in both on short-run and long-run horizon running from CAP’s above mentioned policy tools to intra-industry trade.
Evaluating the potential contribution of contract auctions to Agri-Environmental Policy efficiency: A simulation model for Emilia-Romagna (Italy)
Creators: name: Viaggi, D.
name: Raggi, M.
name: Gallerani, V.
name: Viaggi, D.
name: Raggi, M.
name: Gallerani, V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Auction
subject: Contract
subject: Agri-Environmental Policy
subject: Information asymmetry

description: Auctions are a potentially suitable policy tool for increasing the efficiency of Agri- Environmental Schemes (AES) through an improved allocation of contracts. In theory, through the auction mechanism, farmers have incentives to reveal their compliance costs, helping to reduce information rents and increase policy cost-effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to simulate the potential contribution of auction mechanisms to the efficiency of AES in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). The results show advantages for auctions compared with traditional flat rate payments based on average compliance costs. However, their performance is worse than flat payments based on marginal compliance costs.
A midbrain mechanism for computing escape decisions in the mouse
Creators: name: Evans, Dominic Andrew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: behaviour
innate
neuroscience
neural networks
synapse
escape
defensive
systems

description: Animals face frequent threats from predators and must generate appropriate behavioural responses to ensure their survival. To achieve this, they process sensory cues to correctly identify the presence and imminence of a predatory threat, and transform this information into defensive actions. However, despite much research in identifying the circuits that may be responsible for such transformations, little is known about how this occurs mechanistically. We focus on how escape behaviour in the mouse is generated from visual predatory threats, and use a combination of behavioural, neurophysiological and anatomical methods to identify the relevant neurons and understand how they perform this computation. In this work, we developed an innate decision making paradigm in which a mouse detects and assesses sensory stimuli of varying threat evidence during exploration, choosing whether to escape to a shelter, or not. The performance data in this task were best formalised with a drift-diffusion model of decision making, providing a framework to understand innate behavioural tasks in terms of evidence accumulation and boundaries. Next, we performed calcium imaging in freely-moving mice to probe for neural correlates of decision elements and flight behaviour in brain areas that we show to be necessary for the flight responses: we found that VGluT2 neurons in the deeper medial superior colliculus (dmSC) increase their activity during a repeated threatening stimulus, while VGluT2 neurons of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dPAG) are silent until just before the initiation of escape, and are maximally active during escape. These results suggest that the dmSC accumulates evidence of threat which dPAG neurons threshold. This interpretation is supported by optogenetic activation of mSC-VGluT2 neurons in vivo, which recapitulates the statistics of escape probability evoked with a visual stimulus, while activation of VGluT2 neurons in the dPAG evokes an all-or-nothing escape response. Finally, using channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping and monosynaptic viral tracing, we reveal that over half of dPAG-VGluT2 neurons receive monosynaptic connections from mSC-VGluT2 neurons with a low probability of release, allowing this synapse to act as a high-pass filter and providing a mechanism for the computation of an escape decision. These findings advance our understanding of how defensive behaviours are generated at circuit and single-cell level, and of how neurons process information in a circuit critical for implementing basic behaviours.
Dark calling Dark: Interaction in the dark sector in presence of neutrino properties after Planck CMB final release
Creators: name: Yang, Weiqiang
name: Pan, Supriya
name: Nunes, Rafael C.
name: Mota, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a well known scenario of interaction in the dark sector where the vacuum energy is interacting with cold dark matter throughout the cosmic evolution in light of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from final Planck 2018 release. In addition to this minimal scenario, we generalize the model baseline by including the properties of neutrinos, such as the neutrino mass scale ($M_ν$) and the effective number of neutrino species ($N_{\rm eff}$) as free parameters, in order to verify the possible effects that such parameters might generate on the coupling parameter, and vice versa. As already known, we again confirm that in light of the Planck 2018 data, such dark coupling can successfully solve the $H_0$ tension (with and without the presence of neutrinos). Concerning the properties of neutrinos, we find that $M_ν$ may be wider than expected within the $Λ$CDM model and $N_{\rm eff}$ is fully compatible with three neutrino species (similar to $Λ$CDM prevision). The parameters characterizing the properties of neutrinos do not correlate with the coupling parameter of the interaction model. When considering the joint analysis of CMB from Planck 2018 and an estimate of $H_0$ from Hubble Space Telescope 2019 data, {\it we find an evidence for a non-null value of the coupling parameter at more than 3$σ$ confidence-level.} We also discuss the possible effects on the interacting scenario due to the inclusion of baryon acoustic oscillations data with Planck 2018. Our main results updating the dark sectors' interaction and neutrino properties in the model baseline, represent a new perspective in this direction. Clearly, a possible new physics in light of some dark interaction between dark energy and dark matter can serve as an alternative to $Λ$CDM scenario to explain the observable Universe, mainly in light of the current tension on $H_0$.
description: 13 pages, 6 tables (3 tables in the main text and 3 tables in the appendix), 3 captioned figures; accepted for publication in JCAP
O(a) improved Wilson quark action on anisotropic lattice
Creators: name: Umeda, T.
name: Matsufuru, H.
name: Onogi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $O(a)$ improved Wilson quark action on the anisotropic lattice is investigated. We carry out numerical simulations in the quenched approximation at three values of lattice spacing ($a_σ^{-1}=1$--2 GeV) with the anisotropy $ξ=a_σ/a_τ=4$, where $a_σ$ and $a_τ$ are the spatial and the temporal lattice spacings, respectively. Using the dispersion relation of mesons, the bare anisotropy $γ_F$ in the quark action is numerically tuned below the charm quark mass region with the statistical accuracy of 1 % level. The systematic uncertainties in the calibration are examined and found to be under control in the continuum limit. Then we compute the light hadron masses and find that they are consistent with the result of the UKQCD Collaboration on the isotropic lattice. The effect of the uncertainty in the calibration on the hadron spectrum for physical quark masses is also found to be under control.
description: Lattice2001(improvement), LaTeX, 3 pages, 6 postscript figures
Factors associated with dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnant women and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus
Creators: name: Hasbullah, Farah Yasmin
name: Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof
name: Zalilah Mohd Shariff
name: Zulida Rejali
name: Yong, Heng Yaw
name: Mitri, Joanna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases during the second trimester of pregnancy. However, the role of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on GDM risk is controversial. We aimed to determine the association of established risk factors of GDM with GI and GL among healthy pregnant women, and whether GI and GL were subsequently related to GDM risk. Dietary GI and GL were assessed in healthy pregnant women from the Seremban Cohort Study using a food frequency questionnaire. After adjusting for energy intake, high GI was significantly associated with lower household income, shorter stature, higher proportion of carbohydrate intake, lower sugar proportion and lower fibre intake. High GL was significantly associated with younger maternal age, higher carbohydrate proportion and lower fibre intake. GI and GL intakes were not significantly associated with GDM risk. However, they were associated with a few established risk factors of GDM.
Inferring tumour evolution from single-cell and multi-sample data
Creators: name: Ross, Edith
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: tumour evolution
phylogenetic inference
single-cell sequencing
single-cell phylogenies

description: Tumour development has long been recognised as an evolutionary process during which cells accumulate mutations and evolve into a mix of genetically distinct cell subpopulations. The resulting genetic intra-tumour heterogeneity poses a major challenge to cancer therapy, as it increases the chance of drug resistance. To study tumour evolution in more detail, reliable approaches to infer the life histories of tumours are needed. This dissertation focuses on computational methods for inferring trees of tumour evolution from single-cell and multi-sample sequencing data. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have promised to reveal tumour heterogeneity at a much higher resolution, but single-cell sequencing data is inherently noisy, making it unsuitable for analysis with classic phylogenetic methods. The first part of the dissertation describes OncoNEM, a novel probabilistic method to infer clonal lineage trees from noisy single nucleotide variants of single cells. Simulation studies are used to validate the method and to compare its performance to that of other methods. Finally, OncoNEM is applied in two case studies. In the second part of the dissertation, a comprehensive collection of existing multi-sample approaches is used to infer the phylogenies of metastatic breast cancers from ten patients. In particular, shallow whole-genome, whole exome and targeted deep sequencing data are analysed. The inference methods comprise copy number and point mutation based approaches, as well as a method that utilises a combination of the two. To improve the copy number based inference, a novel allele-specific multi-sample segmentation algorithm is presented. The results are compared across methods and data types to assess the reliability of the different methods. In summary, this thesis presents substantial methodological advances to understand tumour evolution from genomic profiles of single cells or related bulk samples.