cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FÜHREN MIT AUFTRAG – ÜLESANDEKESKNE JUHTIMINE
Creators: name: Müller, Detlef-Holger
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Seitsmeaastases sõjas (1756–1763) toimus 25. augustil 1758 Zorndorfi lähistel (Berliinist kirde suunas tänapäeva Brandenburgi liidumaa aladel) lahing Friedrich II juhitavate Preisi vägede ja Wilhelm von Fermori ülemjuhatuse all olevate Vene vägede vahel. Vene poole arvuline ülekaal viis selleni, et Preisi armee sattus lahingu käigus üha rohkem kitsikusse ning neid ähvardas lüüasaamine. Preisi kuningas saatis seepeale ühe käskjala reservis olevate üksuste ülema, kindralleitnant Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitzi juurde ja käskis tal oma ratsaväega viivitamatult sündmuste käiku sekkuda. Seydlitz aga, jälgides tiivapositsioonil lahingu kulgu, keeldus käsku täitmast. Kui Friedrich II sellest kuulis, saatis ta uue virgatsi koos tungiva käsuga: „Otsekohe rünnata!“.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 3 (2016)
ÜLESANDEKESKNE JUHTIMINE – KAS JUHTIMISSTIIL VÕI MIDAGI ENAMAT?
Creators: name: Ermus, Aarne
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The main aim of this paper is to initiate deeper discussion within the EDF about the nature and essence of mission command. Despite mission command not being a new concept for the EDF officers’ corps, and although the necessity of integrating the principles of mission command into the EDF leadership doctrine has been addressed at different command levels over the last ten years, there is still too much uncertainty as to how to best approach and describe this phenomenon. Based on the analysis of various scientific studies and examinations doctrines where mission command has been implemented, the author would argue that mission command should be understood as a command philosophy or a basic principle of a command philosophy. Shared understanding, trust, freedom of actions and decentralization are the main cornerstones of this philosophy. The implementation of mission command in the EDF cannot be progress by simply adopting some of the already existing concepts from other armies. The concept must rather be translated, and adapted into the existing cultural environment. The implementation of the new philosophy may even require changes in the existing command and organizational structure. To effectively make such changes, there must be two-sided approach: it must be enforced not only from the top-down, but also from the bottom-up. Moreover, an extensive analysis of the organizational culture of the EDF is also necessary. As every change creates an equal and opposite reaction to the change, a proper implementation strategy also becomes necessary.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 3 (2016)
title: The 2012 Arbitration Reform In the Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia: An Examination of the 2012 Arbitration Law Reform
Creators: name: Alalshaikh, Alwalid
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2017

description: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy in which both Islam and cultural traditions influence every sphere of human activity in the country, including legal and law reform. This thesis is concerned with arbitration law reform in the country, with a special focus on the process of the new 2012 arbitration law reform and the internal and external factors which have affected this process. In the last few years, law reform in the country was mainly derived from the desire to escape the nature of its rentier economy and its heavy reliance on oil to diversify the sources of its income, with a special focus on attracting foreign direct investments. As a result, much of law reform occurred for the purpose of providing a friendly and secure investment environment in the Kingdom. The main focus of this thesis is therefore, to examine the process of arbitration law making , which in this case has taken almost 30 years to the completion of the new 2012 Arbitration Law which has replaced the old 1983 arbitration law. This examination of arbitration reform adopts two main approaches: first, a political economy approach which examines the impact of the nature of the rentier economy on law reform in the country and, second, a socio-legal-political approach which examine the impact of the ruling regime, religion and society on the process of the arbitration reform process. The thesis approaches the issue of arbitration reform in the Kingdom by looking at certain specific issues. The thesis thus, explores the nature of the constitutional regime and commercial laws of the country in an attempt to understand the country under investigation; the thesis moves on to examine the position of the Kingdom towards arbitration as a mean of solving disputes. The thesis examines the process of law making in the Kingdom, and separate chapters examine the impact of economic and social factors on law reform in the country. The contents of the new arbitral legislation are evaluated in light of international commercial arbitration law. The final chapters illustrate the observations and the findings of the thesis. The thesis finds that the delays in terms of arbitration law reform can be explained by two main factors; one is the historical experience factor (1958 Saudi Arabia v. Arabian American Oil Co.), the and second is the socio-legal factor (the conservative traditionalists' position), which have each played a role in the 30-year delay in Saudi arbitration reform.
Free lunch for all? – A path analysis on free mentality, paying intent and media budget for digital journalism
Creators: name: O’Brien, Daniel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The advertising-based business model of journalism is under massive economic pressure. Thus, paid online content is becoming increasingly important for publishers. However, most consumers refuse to pay for online content at all. “Free mentality,” the consumer’s aversion to accept any price point other than zero, is discussed as one major reason. This paper is the first to empirically examine whether free mentality is associated with a reluctance to pay for online news. For this purpose, data of a comprehensive user survey in Germany (n = 1,004) was analyzed via ordered probit models and path analysis. Additionally, moderating effects with regards to free mentality and perceived value were examined. Results confirm low paying intent in the public and the role of free mentality therein. Beyond, free mentality significantly moderates the effect of perceived value on paying intent. The ideal of the Internet as disseminator of free ideas has a strong indirect effect on paying intent. Additionally, mandatory public service media fees in Germany pose another possible context-dependent rationale. This implies that the audience tends to perceive generic online goods akin to public goods. Thus, publishers must focus on the paying minority and the creation of added value via sufficient differentiation.
Socializing in an Open Drug Scene : The relationship Between Access to Private Space and Drug-Related Street Disorder
Creators: name: DeBeck, Kora
name: Wood, Evan
name: Qi, Jiezhi
name: Fu, Eric
name: McArthur, Doug
name: Montaner, Julio
name: Kerr, Thomas
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Background Limited attention has been given to the potential role that the structure of housing available to people who are entrenched in street-based drug scenes may play in influencing the amount of time injection drug users (IDU) spend on public streets. We sought to examine the relationship between time spent socializing in Vancouver's drug scene and access to private space. Methods Using multivariate logistic regression we evaluated factors associated with socializing (three+ hours each day) in Vancouver's open drug scene among a prospective cohort of IDU. We also assessed attitudes towards relocating socializing activities if greater access to private indoor space was provided. Results Among our sample of 1114 IDU, 43% fit our criteria for socializing in the open drug scene. In multivariate analysis, having limited access to private space was independently associated with socializing (adjusted odds ratio: 1.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.28 – 2.55). In further analysis, 65% of ‘socializers’ reported positive attitudes towards relocating socializing if they had greater access to private space. Conclusion These findings suggest that providing IDU with greater access to private indoor space may reduce one component of drug-related street disorder. Low-threshold supportive housing based on the ‘housing first’ model that include safeguards to manage behaviors associated with illicit drug use appear to offer important opportunities to create the types of private spaces that could support a reduction in street disorder.
BOOK REVIEW
Creators: name: Sazonov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Review of: Тымчук, Д., Карин, Ю., Машовец, К., Гусаров, В. Вторжение в Украину: Хроника российской агрессии Брайт Стар Паблишинг, Киев 2016, 240 pp, ISBN 978-966-2665-85-7
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
WHAT IS MEMETIC WARFARE AND HOW DOES IT THREATEN DEMOCRATIC VALUES?
Creators: name: Zolotukhin, Dmytro
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: On March 5, 2016, Jānis Sārts, director of NATO’s Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, based in Riga, Latvia, told the Observer that Russia had a track record of funding extremist forces in Europe, and that he believed there is now evidence of Russia agitating in Germany against Merkel.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
Dero sawayai Marcus 1943
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Dero
Dero sawayai

description: Dero sawayai Marcus, 1943    Dero sawayai Marcus, 1943: 35, figs. 19-20; 1944: 50; Sperber, 1948: 186; Naidu, 1962a: 541, fig. 18a-g.
 Dero (D.) sawayai, Brinkhurst, 1971b: 371, fig. 714N-Q; Harman, 1974: 21; Dumnicka, 1986: 268, fig. 3a-e.
Material: St. Martin 529: 5 specimens; 538b: 1 specimen. Montserrat 838: 5 specimens. Martinique 852, 12 specimens. Grenada 659A, 5 specimens. Margarita 13, 4 specimens. Bonaire 44e, 1 specimen; 52a, 4 specimens; 52e, 8 specimens; 55: 5 specimens; 379a: 3 specimens; 379i: 5 specimens; Curaçao 891, 1 specimen; Aruba 100, 3 specimens; 635: 4 specimens; 636: 108 specimens. La Goajira 113: 9 specimens. Surinam 120: 1 specimen; 566: 1 specimen; 642: 18 specimens; 923, 1 specimen; 925: 2 specimens. Habitat: Limnetic to oligohaline; salinity 0.03-2.7%.
Distribution: Asia (Naidu, 1962a; Costa, 1967). Neotropical Region: Argentina: Entre Rios Prov. (Di Persia, 1980b). Brazil: São Paulo, Alagoas, Pernambuco and Ceará States (Marcus, 1943; 1944). Ecuador (Coates & Stacey, 1994). Suriname (Harman, 1974). Venezuela: Falcon Dept. Virgin Gorda; Anegada; St. Thomas; Haiti (Dumnicka, 1986). La Goajira; Aruba; Curaçao; Bonaire; Margarita; Grenada; Martinique; Montserrat (Righi & Hamoui).
 Remarks: Dero heterobranchiata Michaelsem (1933) was described from a posterior fragment collected in Bonaire. Its probable synonymy with D. sawayai, as proposed by Sperber (1948), is due to a mis-translation of Marcus’ (1943) text, the Portuguese word “duma” (= of one) was taken as “duas” (= two). So the two species are distinguished by the number of hair setae per bundle, 2 in heterobranchiata and one in sawayai.
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on page 129, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
title: Design of Low-Cost Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications
Creators: name: Gu, Chao
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2017

description: Traditional smart antennas are complicated, bulky, power hungry and expensive, as they require a large number of radio frequency (RF)/microwave phase shifters, and trans-mit/receive (T/R) modules. For wide applications in civilian wireless communications, it is important to investigate novel designs of electronically beam-steerable smart antennas which feature compact size, low power, and low cost. This dissertation presents novel designs and implementation of low-cost smart anten-nas for wireless communications. Four different designs of low-cost smart antennas have been presented, and these smart antennas can be categorized into two different types: The first type is electronically beam-switching antenna based on the concept of electrically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR). The design utilizes the strong mutual coupling between the driven element and reconfigurable parasitic elements to electronically steer the beams. A polarization-reconfigurable square patch is employed as the driven element which is surrounded by reconfigurable parasitic dipoles. The antenna does not require any micro-wave phase shifters and is shown to be able to achieve electronic beam switching and polarization reconfigurability by electronically controlling the PIN diodes. The second type is an electronically beam-switching antenna using active frequency selective surfaces (FSS). Omnidirectional feeders are employed to illuminate reconfigurable FSS cylinders which consist of a number of unit cells loaded by PIN diode or varactors. By controlling the DC bias of individual columns of the FSS cylinder, directive beams can be swept across the entire azimuth plane. Based on different active FSS unit cells, three different low-cost smart antennas have been designed, including a dual-band electronically beam-switching antenna, a 3-D beam scanning antenna, and an electronically beam-switching antenna with continuous frequency tuning. In this thesis, in order to evaluate the antenna performance, comprehensive full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations are carried out using commercial software. Furthermore, prototypes are fabricated and tested to validate the design concepts. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is achieved, and demonstrates that the smart antennas designed in this thesis have advantages of low cost and low power, thus rendering them promising for applications in wireless communications.
THE MOSCOW PATRIARCHATE AND THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE
Creators: name: Riistan, Ain
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: In describing church-state relations, the concept of symphonia is used in Orthodox tradition. It refers to the loyal and mutual cooperation between these two distinctive institutions for the sake of the people, who are simultaneously members of the church and subjects or citizens of the state2. The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) has addressed questions related to this concept in a document called “The Basis of the Social Concept”3, officially approved by the Church in August 20004. The leader of the committee was Patriarch Kirill (Gundiaev), who was the head of the Department for External Church Relations at that time5. This document lists sixteen areas of church-state co-operation. The first three are: (a) peace-making on international, interethnic and civic levels and promoting mutual understanding and co-operation among people, nations and states; (b) concern for the preservation of morality in society; (c) spiritual, cultural, moral and patriotic education and formation. This is followed by a list of areas in which the clergy and canonical church structures cannot support the state or cooperate with it.


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
Dero multibranchiata Stieren 1892
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Dero
Dero multibranchiata

description: Dero multibranchiata Stieren, 1892    Dero multibranchiata Stieren, 1892: 107, figs. 1-4; Marcus, 1944: 65, figs. 55- 56; du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1947: 6; 1949: 2; Di Persia, 1977a: 13, figs. 9-12; Martinez-Ansemil & Giani, 1986: 113.
 Dero (D.) multibranchiata, Di Persia, 1980a: 91; Harman et al. 1988: 2237, fig. 1.
Material: Îles des Saintes 760: 12 specimens. Grenada 861: 1 specimen. Trinidad 795: 1 specimen. Surinam 646: 56 specimens; 923: 3 specimens; 927: 1 specimen; 929: 3 specimens. Habitat: Limnetic to polyhaline; salinity 0.12- 23.6 %.
 Distribution: Argentina: Prov. Corrientes, Santa Fe, Chaco (Di Persia 1977a; 1980a). Bolivia: Prov. Santa Cruz (Martinez-Ansemil & Giani, 1986). Peru: Dept. Loreto (Harman et al. 1988). Brazil: Stat. Pernambuco, Pará, Amazonas, Roraima (Marcus, 1944; du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1947; 1949). Trinidad (Stieren, 1892). Surinam; Grenada; Îles des Saintes (Righi & Hamoui).
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on page 131, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
Dero evelinae Marcus 1943
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Dero
Dero evelinae

description: Dero evelinae Marcus, 1943    Dero evelinae Marcus, 1943: 39, figs. 23-40; 1944: 64, figs. 53-54; du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1949: 2; Cordero, 1951: 231; Di Persia, 1974: 38; 1980a: 92.
Material: Îles des Saintes 760: 14 specimens. Venezuela 920: 14 specimens. Suriname 646: 21 specimens. Habitat: Limnetic to polyhaline; salinity 0.12-23.66 %.
Distribution: Argentina: Prov. Tucuman, Santa Fe, Entre Rios (Cordero, 1951; Di Persia, 1974). Uruguai (Cordero,1951). Brazil: States Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Piaui, Pará (Marcus, 1943; 1944; du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1949). Îles des Saintes; Venezuela; Surinam (Righi & Hamoui).
 Remarks: The hair setae of ours specimens are shorter than those of Brazilian (Marcus, 1943) and Argentinian (Di Persia, 1974) specimens. So, the only reliable characteristic to distinguish Dero evelinae from D. multibranchiata is the shape of the needle setae.
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on page 131, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
Engraissement des veaux et élevage des remontes d'engraissement - Alternatives à l'engraissement classique conformes aux besoins des veaux provenant de fermes laitières
Creators: name: Spengler Neff, Anet
name: Eppenstein, Rennie
name: Lerch, Manuela
name: Schneider, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Des productrices et producteurs bio innovants ont développé des systèmes d’élevage et d’engraissement pour leurs veaux qui, grâce à une détention et une alimentation conformes aux besoins de l’espèce, ne nécessitent que rarement des antibiotiques. Cette fiche technique passe en revue les différents systèmes et présente des mesures concrètes pour réduire l’utilisation d’antibiotiques et protéger la santé des veaux. En outre, la publication décrit les particularités des systèmes d’élevage des veaux sous la mère ou sous des vaches nourrices, en exposant les différentes possibilités d’engraissement et en présentant des pratiques visant à faciliter le sevrage des veaux d’élevage et des remontes d’engraissement.
Biologische Imkerei - Prinzipien und praktische Umsetzung
Creators: name: Garibay, Salvador
name: Bernet, Thomas
name: Billmann, Bettina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Das Merkblatt vermittelt einen Einblick in die wichtigsten Prinzipien und Methoden der biologischen Imkerei. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt den Möglichkeiten zur Krankheitsvorbeugung und Schädlingsregulierung. Es richtet sich somit sowohl an Einsteiger als auch an interessierte Imker:innen, die nach biologischen Prinzipien wirtschaften möchten.
Dero plumosa Naidu 1962
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Dero
Dero plumosa

description: Dero plumosa Naidu, 1962    Dero (D.) plumosa Naidu, 1962a: 543, figs. 19A-H; Di Persia, 1976: 6, figs. 9- 13; Harman, 1982a: 293, fig. 4a-c.
Material: Grenada 861: 1 specimen. Habitat: Poilyhaline; salinity 23.66 %.
Distribution: India (Naidu, 1962a). Neotropical Region: Argentina: Prov. Corrientes (Di Persia, 1976). Costa Rica (Harman 1982a). Grenada (Righi & Hamoui).
Remarks: The inner organization of our worms agree with the Indian ones (Naidu, 1962a). The shape and measures of the setae are similar too, but they differ in the posterior ventral setae, which in the Indian animals present the distal tooth slightly shorter than the proximal one.
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on page 132, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
Descriptive review and evaluation of the functioning of the International Health Regulations (IHR) Annex 2
Creators: name: Anema, Aranka
name: Druyts, Eric
name: Hollmeyer, Helge G
name: Hardiman, Maxwell C
name: Wilson, Kumanan
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. The International Health Regulations (IHRs) (2005) was developed with the aim of governing international responses to public health risks and emergencies. The document requires all 194 World Health Organization (WHO) Member States to detect, assess, notify and report any potential public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under specific timelines. Annex 2 of the IHR outlines decision-making criteria for State-appointed National Focal Points (NFP) to report potential PHEICs to the WHO, and is a critical component to the effective functioning of the IHRs. Methods The aim of the study was to review and evaluate the functioning of Annex 2 across WHO-reporting States Parties. Specific objectives were to ascertain NFP awareness and knowledge of Annex 2, practical use of the tool, activities taken to implement it, its perceived usefulness and user-friendliness. Qualitative telephone interviews, followed by a quantitative online survey, were administered to NFPs between October, 2009 and February, 2010. Results A total of 29 and 133 NFPs participated in the qualitative and quantitative studies, respectively. Qualitative interviews found most NFPs had a strong working knowledge of Annex 2; perceived the tool to be relevant and useful for guiding decisions; and had institutionalized management, legislation and communication systems to support it. NFPs also perceived Annex 2 as human and disease-centric, and emphasized its reduced applicability to potential PHEICs involving bioterrorist attacks, infectious diseases among animals, radio-nuclear and chemical spills, and water- or food-borne contamination. Among quantitative survey respondents, 88% reported having excellent/good knowledge of Annex 2; 77% reported always/usually using Annex 2 for assessing potential PHEICs; 76% indicated their country had some legal, regulatory or administrative provisions for using Annex 2; 95% indicated Annex 2 was always/usually useful for facilitating decisions regarding notifiability of potential PHEICs. Conclusion This evaluation, including a large sample of WHO-reporting States Parties, found that the IHR's Annex 2 is perceived as useful for guiding decisions about notifiability of potential PHEICs. There is scope for the WHO to expand training and guidance on application of the IHR's Annex 2 to specific contexts. Continued monitoring and evaluation of the functioning of the IHR is imperative to promoting global health security.
Trabajo Fin de Máster en Técnicas Estatísticas: Detección de puntos de cambio en secuencias de ADN mitocondrial
Creators: name: Villanueva, Nora M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012

description: Identificar los procesos de mutación que afectan a las secuencias de ADN es fundamental para una mejor comprensión de como evolucionan los genomas. El mecanismo de replicación, durante el cual las cadenas se exponen a un elevado daño mutacional, se ha descrito como una de las principales fuentes de sesgo en la composición nucleotídica las cadenas. En este trabajo se presenta seq2R v1.0.0, un paquete de R  que detecta singularidades en la composición de genomas mitocondriales (ADNmt) y que está disponible gratuitamente en el CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network). Para ello, se han implementado técnicas de suavizado tipo kernel que estiman los índices nucleotídicos y se han aplicado métodos bootstrap en la construcción de intervalos de confianza para dichas estimaciones. Además, este paquete permite representar gráficamente la estimaciones obtenidas y realiza inferencia sobre los puntos de cambio (o singularidades) de interés.
PERCEPTION OF THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS WITHIN LATVIAN SOCIETY
Creators: name: Berzina, Ieva
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The battle of narratives was a significant aspect of the Ukrainian crisis because the interpretations of events by parties involved in the conflict were very different. This paper addresses issues related to the perception of stories reported by the Russian and Latvian media about the Ukrainian crisis. Latvia was chosen as a case study because it is a country with a pro- Western geopolitical orientation where Russian media content is also widely available. It is estimated that as of March 2016, 25% of Latvia’s television audience were regular viewers of Russian television channels, including the First Baltic Channel, which is registered in Latvia but largely retranslates media content from Russia.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
Crafting CRISPR Fantasies: Flaws in Current Metaphors of Gene-Modifying Technology.
Creators: name: Maben, Alex
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Program in Writing and Rhetoric
CRISPR
gene
bioethics

description: This essay won or received an honorable mention for The Boothe Prize for excellence in first-year writing. The Boothe Prize recognizes and rewards outstanding expository and argumentative writing by undergraduate students in the first-year Writing and Rhetoric classes, Integrated Learning Environments, and Thinking Matters programs. In each award-winning essay, student writers demonstrate clarity of argument, excellent integration of research-based evidence, and compelling prose style. In this essay, Alex Maben argues that the current language used to describe scientific processes, including metaphors such as "turning genes on and off" and "molecular scalpels," is flawed and skews public perception.
Neuroimaging in the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease
Creators: name: Stoessl, A. Jon
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Functional imaging may be useful for both the early diagnosis as well as preclinical detection of neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, while structural imaging has traditionally been regarded as a tool to exclude alternate diagnoses, recent advances in magnetic resonance show promise for greater diagnostic specificity. The role of MR and radionuclide imaging in early diagnosis and preclinical detection of dementia and parkinsonism are reviewed here.
Dero tuna Righi & Hamoui, 2002, n. sp.
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Dero
Dero tuna

description: Dero tuna n. sp.
(Fig. 2 A-D)
Material: Surinam 923: 4 specimens (Holotype ZU-1319). Habitat:
Limnetic.
Description: Length 2.0- 2.6 mm. Diameter 154-180 µm. Number of segments 20-26. Division zone in XV (2 specimens) or XVII (1 specimen). Eyes absent. Prostomium obtuse, wider than they are long. The very contracted branchial fossa leaves a small dorsal aperture making it difficult to see the gills, 2 or 3 pairs, contracted inside the fossa (Fig. 2A). Septal glands to V. Stomach in VII. Chloragogenous cells from VI backwards. Dorsal vessel displaced to the left; comissural vessels in V, VI-VIII. Dorsal setae from VI onwards, one hair and one needle setae per bundle. Hair setae straight, thin and smooth, length 122-130 µm. Needles 42-53 µm long, with straight proximal 2/3 and bowed distal 1/3, bicuspidate apex, distal tooth longer than the proximal, both of them are united by a thin membrane with convex margin and 10-12 longitudinal riblets (thicknings) in its distal half (Fig. 2B). Ventral bundles of II-V with 3-4 setae on each lessen to 1-2 in the last segments. The ventral setae of II-V are 72-79 µm long with proximal nodulus, thin teeth of similar thickness or the distal tooth is slightly thinner and always 1.5-2 times longer than the proximal (Fig. 2C). The relation between the lengths of the proximal: distal teeth varies from 7.8: 5.2-10.4: 6.5 µm. The ventral setae of VI backwards are 50-64 µm long with medial nodulus and teeth of alike length, 2.6-3.9 µm, the proximal tooth is thicker (Fig. 2D).
 Remarks: Dero abranchiata Harman, 1977 (from south USA), D. righii Varela, 1990 (from north Argentina) and D. tuna constitute a very homogeneous group characterized by their ribbed palmate needles. D. tuna is separated from the other two species by the shape of the ventral setae of VI and following segments and by the number of gills. The name of the new species means “water” in the Iêconã indians’ dialect.
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on pages 133-134, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
KREMLIN PROPAGANDA: SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES BY OTHER MEANS
Creators: name: Fedchenko, Yevhen
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: This article traces the evolution of Russian propaganda and its role in active measures. Active measures were originally conceived during the Soviet era but still remain operative as they were recently deployed during the Russian occupation of Crimea and the war against Ukraine in Donbas. During these events active measures underwent something of a renaissance as there was the dramatic upsurge in propaganda usage and media manipulation. Fake media stories and forgeries have long played an integral part in the active measures that have been conducted by the Kremlin, which then amends its military capacity and diplomacy efforts to cover up the deceit. The manufacture and dissemination of fake news stories is carried out in a centralized and systematic fashion as the fabrications must be coherent and maintain alignment with the Kremlin’s policies and talking points. It will be shown that the use of media-related active measures is not a new phenomenon and was widely utilized by the former Soviet Union as a way of actualizing its foreign policy by clandestine means. When examining more than 500 Russian propaganda pieces, which were debunked by the StopFake.org verification project, it becomes evident that the same of falsification and deception patterns that were common to the USSR already in the 1950’s, are still present today. The only difference is the parasitic way in which the current Kremlin propaganda has seized on core liberal Western concepts, such as the promotion of freedom of speech, and then used this as a screen to allow it to deliver ‘the other point of view’. Whereas before the Kremlin historically relied on traditional media, such as printed news to distribute its fake news stories, it now makes use of a much wider array of mediums such as the internet and social media.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
ELEKTRON DAVLAT XARIDLARI TIZIMI SAMARADORLIGINI BAHOLASH USULLARI: NAZARIY VA AMALIY YONDASHUVLAR
Creators: name: Samadova, Zarrina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada elektron davlat xaridlari tizimi samaradorligini baholashga oid nazariy va amaliy yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Xorijiy tajriba va zamonaviy texnologiyalar yordamida davlat xaridlarida shaffoflik, iqtisodiy samaradorlik va korrupsiyaga qarshi kurash usullari o‘rganilgan. O‘zbekiston davlat xaridlari tizimining hozirgi holati tahlil qilinib, uning samaradorligini oshirish uchun zarur tavsiyalar beriladi.
THE EUROPEANIZATION OF FOREIGN POLICY IN THE FACE OF THE RUSSIAN DISINFORMATION WAR
Creators: name: Vilson, Maili
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Since 2014 a key development emerging from the crisis in Ukraine has been the extensive use of various disinformation and propaganda techniques used by Russia against not only Ukraine, but also against the European Union (EU) member states and the West in general. While such campaigns were gradually acknowledged in Berlin, Brussels, and Washington, the reactions of the EU and NATO came with a long delay. This article focuses on the institutional and political (re)actions of the EU to the Russian disinformation campaign against the European Union member states and Eastern neighborhood countries after the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014. The key developments are the launch of a special Eastern StratCom Task Force within the EEAS as a completely new institutional formation, the adoption of the Action Plan for Strategic Communication, and the increased financial support for the European Endowment for Democracy. Tracing the EU collective response indicates that there was a decision of the member states to favor an EU-level solution over a solely national one in the foreign policy arena. This article argues that these developments are indicative of the Europeanization of the foreign policies of the member states, which is in itself a remarkable development given the altered European security environment.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
title: The impact of cognitive style on face recognition and face matching
Creators: name: Arabi, Saghi
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2016

description: Cognitive style differentiates individuals on their preferred or habitual way of processing given information and is likely to affect how people process faces. There are three main components in literature, which debated whether face recognition is a holistic or analytic cognitive process. There is some evidence to suggest that categorisation of Navon letters can induce holistic or analytic processing of faces, and demonstrates an accuracy advantage in the former condition (Perfect et al., 2008). However, this effect is not consistently found (Lawson, 2007) and some other studies also suggest that face processing relies on a featural analysis (Megreya & Burton, 2006). Though previous research has examined short term manipulations of cognitive style on face processing, inherent style is yet to be examined. In this study, two experiments examined face processing using a recognition memory task with initially unfamiliar faces and participants were classified on their Holist-Analytic processing style. In Experiment one, participants who were more analytic in style recorded fewer false alarms than those who had a holistic processing style, however both participant groups had similar performance overall. Experiment two replicated the study findings and new participants used a speeded version of the task. In face matching experiments three and four the memory aspect of the face recognition was eliminated. The findings fit well with approaches that consider unfamiliar faces to be processed primarily on a featural basis, but are surprising given earlier Navon type studies where biasing participants towards a holistic style appeared to improve recognition.
THE WAR OF NARRATIVES – PUTIN’S CHALLENGE TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE
Creators: name: Mölder, Holger
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Rationalist theories have met with difficulties when used to establish credible security governance in multicultural environments for actors possessing a different sense of logic. The case of Ukraine serves as a perfect example of a Hobbesian challenge to a Kantian international system. The present research topic is influenced by the theoretical works of Alexander Wendt and Richard Lebow, and seeks to examine the cultural patterns that influence international systems and their security governance practises. In addition, it is also an attempt to produce contrasting conceptions for interpreting norms, perceptions, and motives. Motives impelled by a Kantian system are divergent from the motives of Hobbesian and Lockean systems. In Ukraine, the Hobbesian political culture, presented by Russia, challenges the Kantian principles of international organisations (UN, EU, OSCE, NATO), which are responsible for the security governance in the postmodern international system. Figuratively, ‘the world of Merkel’, which is influenced by Western liberal traditions, is opposition to ‘the world of Putin’, which corresponds to a Hobbesian and Lockean interpretation of international security. A determined Hobbesian actor can pose serious challenges, or even enact permanent changes, to a Kantian international system. With their intervention in the Ukrainan crisis Russian political elites successfully carried out neoconservative postulates of foreign policy, while international institutions (e.g. the UN, the OSCE) have met with serious difficulties in their attempts to introduce necessary measures of effective security governance.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy Fails to Improve Outcome in Experimental Severe Influenza
Creators: name: Darwish, Ilyse
name: Miller, Chris
name: Kain, Kevin C.
name: Liles, W. Conrad
Publisher: name: Ivyspring International Publisher
Year: 2021

description: In vitro, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of viruses, including influenza A virus. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) would increase survival in vivo by reducing the viral load in C57Bl/6 mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1; WSN/33) virus. NO was delivered to influenza-infected mice either continuously or intermittently at 80 or 160 ppm, respectively, using both prophylactic and post-infection treatment strategies. Murine survival and weight loss were assessed, and lung viral load was quantified via plaque assay. Here, we report that iNO administered prophylactically or post-influenza infection failed to improve survival of infected mice. No difference in lung viral load was observed between experimental groups. Although NO has antiviral activity against influenza A virus in vitro, iNO therapy provided no apparent benefit when used for treatment of influenza A virus infection in vivo.
ДИНАМИКА И СОСТАВ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ УЗБЕКИСТАНА
Creators: name: Худайбердиева Нилуфар Менгкобиловна
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Аннотация: В данной статье анализируется динамика и структура использования инвестиций в аграрном секторе Узбекистана.   Представлены статистические данные об объеме, источниках и направлениях инвестиций в сельское хозяйство.   Рассмотрено текущая ситуация, проблемы и перспективы привлечения инвестиций в отрасль.

Ключевые слова: сельское хозяйство, инвестиции, динамика инвестиций, состав инвестиций, иностранные инвестиции, модернизация, инновационные технологии.

 

Abstract: This article analyzes the dynamics and structure of investment use in the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan.  Statistical data on the volume, sources and directions of investments in agriculture are presented.  The current situation, problems and prospects of attracting investments in the industry are considered.

 Key words: agriculture, investments, investment dynamics, investment composition, foreign investments, modernization, innovative technologies.

 

Аннотация: Ушбу мақолада Ўзбекистон қишлоқ хўжалигида инвестициялардан фойдаланиш динамикаси ва таркиби таҳлил қилинган. Қишлоқ хўжалигига киритилган инвестицияларнинг ҳажми, манбалари ва йўналишлари бўйича статистик маълумотлар келтирилган. Соҳага инвестицияларни жалб этишнинг ҳозирги ҳолати, муаммолари ва истиқболлари кўриб чиқилган.

Калит сўзлар: қишлоқ хўжалиги, инвестициялар, инвестиция динамикаси, инвестиция таркиби, хорижий инвестициялар, модернизация, инновацион технологиялар.
Dero raviensis
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Dero
Dero raviensis

description: Dero raviensis (Stephenson, 1914)    Nais raviensis Stephenson, 1914: 324, figs. 1-2; 1915b: 785; 1923: 65, fig. 21A-C; Michaelsen & Boldt, 1932: 595; Sperber, 1948: 130; Brinkhurst, 1966: 135; 1971b: 341, fig. 7.8A-C; Harman, 1974: 12; Di Persia, 1980b: 78.
 Nais communis; Stephenson,. 1931b: 39.
 Dero raviensis; Grimm, 1985: 110, figs. 1,2,4; Harman et al. 1988: 2236.
Material: Îles des Saintes 760: 1 specimen. Aruba 636: 5 specimens.
Surinam 644: 3 specimens; 925: 1 specimen. Habitat: Limnetic; salinity 0.2%.
 Distribution:Asia (Stephenson, 1914; Michaelsen & Boldt, 1932).Africa (Grimm, 1985). Neotropical Region: Argentina: Prov. Entre Rios, Paraná (Di Persia, 1980b). Peru (Harman et al. 1988). Surinam Harman, 1974). Aruba; Îles des Saintes (Righi & Hamoui).
 Remarks: The length of the hair setae in our specimens agree with the measures registered by Harman (1974) and are smaller than those seen by other authors. The measures of the other setae have no significant differences. Nais tenuidentis Walton 1906, from Cedar Point, Ohio, USA, is very probably the same species as was previously pointed by Stephenson (1914).
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on page 134, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
title: Nanostructured Materials: an Experimental and Computational Study
Creators: name: Caddeo, Francesco
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2016

description: ABSTRACT In this thesis, experiment and atomistic simulations have been used in order to study the structure and properties of materials at the nanoscale focussing the attention, in particular, on metal oxide nanoparticles. Chapter 3 presents results on CuFe2O4-SiO2 nanocomposites where copper ferrite nanoparticles are embedded within a silica aerogel and xerogel matrix. In this case, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy has been extremely valuable in order to elucidate the cation distribution of the spinel. CeO2-SiO2 nanocomposites in form of aerogel and xerogel have been also synthesised and characterised. The CeO2 nanoparticles are either grown within the porous silica matrix (Chapter 4) or synthesised in advance by a hydrothermal method (Chapter 5). In order to enhance the reactivity, the attention has been focused on obtaining ceria cuboidal nanoparticles and on their dispersion in a silica aerogel matrix. An atomistic model of a CeO2 cuboidal nanoparticle has been then obtained using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations (Chapter 6), by performing the crystallisation of the nanoparticle with a new technique, involving the use of a crystalline seed, which drives the crystallisation to the cubic shape. The atomistic model has been found to be in quantitative agreement with experiment. The mechanical properties of CeO2 nanoparticles have been then calculated as a function of size, shape and microstructure, and are presented in Chapter 7. It has been found that the mechanical properties of CeO2 nanoparticles are dominated by the presence of grain boundaries. Furthermore, the simulations predict that Ostwald ripening can be induced along a ?11 grain boundary by applying uniaxial force.
RUSSIAN INFORMATION WAR AGAINST UKRAINIAN ARMED FORCES IN 2014–2015: THE UKRAINIAN POINT OF VIEW
Creators: name: Sazonov, Vladimir
name: Kopõtin, Igor
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: In this article we will provide an overview about the processes of Russian information warfare against Ukrainian defence forces in 2014 and 2015 and present the Ukrainian point of view. At first it should be noted that Russia’s information’s operations in Ukraine is only a part of bigger non-linear2 war of Russia against Ukrainian state. András Rácz pointed out that in non-linear war “the regular military force is used mainly as a deterrent and not as a tool of open aggression” in comparison to other types of war. András Rácz accentuated what was new in year 2014 – “highly effective, in many cases almost real-time coordination of the various means employed, including political, military, special operations and information measures” that caught both the Ukrainian government and the Western countries off the guard in Crimea and Eastern part of Ukraine.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
Patterns of heroin and cocaine injection and plasma HIV-1 RNA suppression among a long-term cohort of injection drug users
Creators: name: Kerr, Thomas
name: Marshall, Brandon David Lewis
name: Milloy, M-J
name: Zhang, Ruth
name: Guillemi, Silvia
name: Montaner, Julio
name: Wood, Evan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Background Previous studies suggest that active drug use may compromise HIV treatment among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDU). However, little is known about the differential impacts of cocaine injection, heroin injection, and combined cocaine and heroin injection on plasma HIV-1 RNA suppression. Methods Data were derived from a longstanding open prospective cohort of HIV-positive IDU in Vancouver, Canada. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to examine the impacts of different drug use patterns on rates of plasma HIV-1 RNA suppression. Results Between May 1996 and April 2008, 267 antiretroviral (ART) naïve participants were seen for a median follow-up duration of 50.6 months after initiating ART. The incidence density of HIV-1 RNA suppression was 65.2 (95%CI: 57.0–74.2) per 100 person-years. In Kaplan-Meier analyses, compared to those who abstained from injecting, individuals injecting heroin, cocaine, or combined heroin/cocaine at baseline were significantly less likely to achieve viral suppression (all p < 0.01). However, none of the drug use categories remained associated with a reduced rate of viral suppression when considered as time-updated variables (all p > 0.05). Conclusions Active injecting at the time of ART initiation was associated with lower plasma HIV-1 RNA suppression rates; however, there was no difference in suppression rates when drug use patterns were examined over time. These findings imply that adherence interventions for active injectors should optimally be applied at the time of ART initiation.
AN ATTEMPT TO IDENTIFY HYBRID CONFLICT
Creators: name: Wetoszka, Adam
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The article examines the nature of contemporary hybrid warfare and describes the characteristic features and properties of present day hybrid conflicts. The author also analyses the Ukrainian-Russian conflict and tries to identify its phases and those elements which classify it as hybrid warfare. He shows how hybrid actions may affect a state which is targeted by the conflict as well as the external environment. Moreover, the author identifies the particular tactics used by the aggressor against a state and symptoms which may indicate the initial development of hybrid warfare.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)