Calibration of the Logarithmic-Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) Radio Stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an Octocopter
Creators: name: The Pierre Auger Collaboration
name: Aab, A.
name: Abreu, P.
name: Aglietta, M.
name: Samarai, I. Al
name: Albuquerque, I. F. M.
name: Allekotte, I.
name: Almela, A.
name: Castillo, J. Alvarez
name: Alvarez-Muñiz, J.
name: Anastasi, G. A.
name: Anchordoqui, L.
name: Andrada, B.
name: Andringa, S.
name: Aramo, C.
name: Arqueros, F.
name: Arsene, N.
name: Asorey, H.
name: Assis, P.
name: Aublin, J.
name: Avila, G.
name: Badescu, A. M.
name: Balaceanu, A.
name: Barbato, F.
name: Luz, R. J. Barreira
name: Beatty, J. J.
name: Becker, K. H.
name: Bellido, J. A.
name: Berat, C.
name: Bertaina, M. E.
name: Bertou, X.
name: Biermann, P. L.
name: Billoir, P.
name: Biteau, J.
name: Blaess, S. G.
name: Blanco, A.
name: Blazek, J.
name: Bleve, C.
name: Boháčová, M.
name: Boncioli, D.
name: Bonifazi, C.
name: Borodai, N.
name: Botti, A. M.
name: Brack, J.
name: Brancus, I.
name: Bretz, T.
name: Bridgeman, A.
name: Briechle, F. L.
name: Buchholz, P.
name: Bueno, A.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Buscemi, M.
name: Caballero-Mora, K. S.
name: Caccianiga, L.
name: Cancio, A.
name: Canfora, F.
name: Caramete, L.
name: Caruso, R.
name: Castellina, A.
name: Cataldi, G.
name: Cazon, L.
name: Chavez, A. G.
name: Chinellato, J. A.
name: Chudoba, J.
name: Clay, R. W.
name: Cobos, A.
name: Colalillo, R.
name: Coleman, A.
name: Collica, L.
name: Coluccia, M. R.
name: Conceição, R.
name: Consolati, G.
name: Contreras, F.
name: Cooper, M. J.
name: Coutu, S.
name: Covault, C. E.
name: Cronin, J.
name: D'Amico, S.
name: Daniel, B.
name: Dasso, S.
name: Daumiller, K.
name: Dawson, B. R.
name: de Almeida, R. M.
name: de Jong, S. J.
name: De Mauro, G.
name: Neto, J. R. T. de Mello
name: De Mitri, I.
name: de Oliveira, J.
name: de Souza, V.
name: Debatin, J.
name: Deligny, O.
name: Di Giulio, C.
name: Di Matteo, A.
name: Castro, M. L. Díaz
name: Diogo, F.
name: Dobrigkeit, C.
name: D'Olivo, J. C.
name: Dorosti, Q.
name: Anjos, R. C. dos
name: Dova, M. T.
name: Dundovic, A.
name: Ebr, J.
name: Engel, R.
name: Erdmann, M.
name: Erfani, M.
name: Escobar, C. O.
name: Espadanal, J.
name: Etchegoyen, A.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Farrar, G.
name: Fauth, A. C.
name: Fazzini, N.
name: Fenu, F.
name: Fick, B.
name: Figueira, J. M.
name: Filipčič, A.
name: Fratu, O.
name: Freire, M. M.
name: Fujii, T.
name: Fuster, A.
name: Gaior, R.
name: García, B.
name: Garcia-Pinto, D.
name: Gaté, F.
name: Gemmeke, H.
name: Gherghel-Lascu, A.
name: Ghia, P. L.
name: Giaccari, U.
name: Giammarchi, M.
name: Giller, M.
name: Głas, D.
name: Glaser, C.
name: Golup, G.
name: Berisso, M. Gómez
name: Vitale, P. F. Gómez
name: González, N.
name: Gorgi, A.
name: Gorham, P.
name: Grillo, A. F.
name: Grubb, T. D.
name: Guarino, F.
name: Guedes, G. P.
name: Hampel, M. R.
name: Hansen, P.
name: Harari, D.
name: Harrison, T. A.
name: Harton, J. L.
name: Haungs, A.
name: Hebbeker, T.
name: Heck, D.
name: Heimann, P.
name: Herve, A. E.
name: Hill, G. C.
name: Hojvat, C.
name: Holt, E.
name: Homola, P.
name: Hörandel, J. R.
name: Horvath, P.
name: Hrabovský, M.
name: Huege, T.
name: Hulsman, J.
name: Insolia, A.
name: Isar, P. G.
name: Jandt, I.
name: Jansen, S.
name: Johnsen, J. A.
name: Josebachuili, M.
name: Kääpä, A.
name: Kambeitz, O.
name: Kampert, K. H.
name: Katkov, I.
name: Keilhauer, B.
name: Kemmerich, N.
name: Kemp, E.
name: Kemp, J.
name: Kieckhafer, R. M.
name: Klages, H. O.
name: Kleifges, M.
name: Kleinfeller, J.
name: Krause, R.
name: Krohm, N.
name: Kuempel, D.
name: Mezek, G. Kukec
name: Kunka, N.
name: Awad, A. Kuotb
name: LaHurd, D.
name: Lauscher, M.
name: Legumina, R.
name: de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui
name: Letessier-Selvon, A.
name: Lhenry-Yvon, I.
name: Link, K.
name: Presti, D. Lo
name: Lopes, L.
name: López, R.
name: Casado, A. López
name: Luce, Q.
name: Lucero, A.
name: Malacari, M.
name: Mallamaci, M.
name: Mandat, D.
name: Mantsch, P.
name: Mariazzi, A. G.
name: Mariş, I. C.
name: Marsella, G.
name: Martello, D.
name: Martinez, H.
name: Bravo, O. Martínez
name: Meza, J. J. Masías
name: Mathes, H. J.
name: Mathys, S.
name: Matthews, J.
name: Matthews, J. A. J.
name: Matthiae, G.
name: Mayotte, E.
name: Mazur, P. O.
name: Medina, C.
name: Medina-Tanco, G.
name: Melo, D.
name: Menshikov, A.
name: Merenda, K. -D.
name: Micheletti, M. I.
name: Middendorf, L.
name: Minaya, I. A.
name: Miramonti, L.
name: Mitrica, B.
name: Mockler, D.
name: Mollerach, S.
name: Montanet, F.
name: Morello, C.
name: Mostafá, M.
name: Müller, A. L.
name: Müller, G.
name: Muller, M. A.
name: Müller, S.
name: Mussa, R.
name: Naranjo, I.
name: Nellen, L.
name: Nguyen, P. H.
name: Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.
name: Niechciol, M.
name: Niemietz, L.
name: Niggemann, T.
name: Nitz, D.
name: Nosek, D.
name: Novotny, V.
name: Nožka, H.
name: Núñez, L. A.
name: Ochilo, L.
name: Oikonomou, F.
name: Olinto, A.
name: Palatka, M.
name: Pallotta, J.
name: Papenbreer, P.
name: Parente, G.
name: Parra, A.
name: Paul, T.
name: Pech, M.
name: Pedreira, F.
name: Pękala, J.
name: Pelayo, R.
name: Peña-Rodriguez, J.
name: Pereira, L. A. S.
name: Perlín, M.
name: Perrone, L.
name: Peters, C.
name: Petrera, S.
name: Phuntsok, J.
name: Piegaia, R.
name: Pierog, T.
name: Pieroni, P.
name: Pimenta, M.
name: Pirronello, V.
name: Platino, M.
name: Plum, M.
name: Porowski, C.
name: Prado, R. R.
name: Privitera, P.
name: Prouza, M.
name: Quel, E. J.
name: Querchfeld, S.
name: Quinn, S.
name: Ramos-Pollan, R.
name: Rautenberg, J.
name: Ravignani, D.
name: Revenu, B.
name: Ridky, J.
name: Risse, M.
name: Ristori, P.
name: Rizi, V.
name: de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues
name: Fernandez, G. Rodriguez
name: Rojo, J. Rodriguez
name: Rogozin, D.
name: Roncoroni, M. J.
name: Roth, M.
name: Roulet, E.
name: Rovero, A. C.
name: Ruehl, P.
name: Saffi, S. J.
name: Saftoiu, A.
name: Salamida, F.
name: Salazar, H.
name: Saleh, A.
name: Greus, F. Salesa
name: Salina, G.
name: Sánchez, F.
name: Sanchez-Lucas, P.
name: Santos, E. M.
name: Santos, E.
name: Sarazin, F.
name: Sarmento, R.
name: Sarmiento, C. A.
name: Sato, R.
name: Schauer, M.
name: Scherini, V.
name: Schieler, H.
name: Schimp, M.
name: Schmidt, D.
name: Scholten, O.
name: Schovánek, P.
name: Schröder, F. G.
name: Schulz, A.
name: Schumacher, J.
name: Sciutto, S. J.
name: Segreto, A.
name: Settimo, M.
name: Shadkam, A.
name: Shellard, R. C.
name: Sigl, G.
name: Silli, G.
name: Sima, O.
name: Śmiałkowski, A.
name: Šmída, R.
name: Snow, G. R.
name: Sommers, P.
name: Sonntag, S.
name: Sorokin, J.
name: Squartini, R.
name: Stanca, D.
name: Stanič, S.
name: Stasielak, J.
name: Stassi, P.
name: Strafella, F.
name: Suarez, F.
name: Durán, M. Suarez
name: Sudholz, T.
name: Suomijärvi, T.
name: Supanitsky, A. D.
name: Swain, J.
name: Szadkowski, Z.
name: Taboada, A.
name: Taborda, O. A.
name: Tapia, A.
name: Theodoro, V. M.
name: Timmermans, C.
name: Peixoto, C. J. Todero
name: Tomankova, L.
name: Tomé, B.
name: Elipe, G. Torralba
name: Travnicek, P.
name: Trini, M.
name: Ulrich, R.
name: Unger, M.
name: Urban, M.
name: Galicia, J. F. Valdés
name: Valiño, I.
name: Valore, L.
name: van Aar, G.
name: van Bodegom, P.
name: Berg, A. M. van den
name: van Vliet, A.
name: Varela, E.
name: Cárdenas, B. Vargas
name: Varner, G.
name: Vázquez, R. A.
name: Veberič, D.
name: Quispe, I. D. Vergara
name: Verzi, V.
name: Vicha, J.
name: Villaseñor, L.
name: Vorobiov, S.
name: Wahlberg, H.
name: Wainberg, O.
name: Walz, D.
name: Watson, A. A.
name: Weber, M.
name: Weindl, A.
name: Wiencke, L.
name: Wilczyński, H.
name: Winchen, T.
name: Wirtz, M.
name: Wittkowski, D.
name: Wundheiler, B.
name: Yang, L.
name: Yelos, D.
name: Yushkov, A.
name: Zas, E.
name: Zavrtanik, D.
name: Zavrtanik, M.
name: Zepeda, A.
name: Zimmermann, B.
name: Ziolkowski, M.
name: Zong, Z.
name: Zuccarello, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an overall uncertainty of 7.4^{+0.9}_{-0.3} % and 10.3^{+2.8}_{-1.7} % respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8^{+2.1}_{-1.3} % in the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with zenith angles smaller than 60°.
description: Published version. Updated online abstract only. Manuscript is unchanged with respect to v2. 39 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables