cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Diverticulitis of a Giant Colonic Diverticulum
Creators: name: Gupta, Pramod
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Colon
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Diverticula

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 65 years
description: Clinical History: A 65 year old man presented in emergency room with severe lower abdominal pain. His white blood counts were slightly elevated. A CT scan was obtained. Final Diagnosis: Diverticulitis of a giant colonic diverticulum
Fishbone impaction in Meckelâs diverticulum.
Creators: name: MARTÃNEZ OLLERO, JAVIER
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Dilation
subject: Acute

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 50 years
description: Clinical History: A 50-year-old male patient arrived at the emergency department with a 48-hours history of lower abdominal pain, maximal in the left iliac fossa, accompanied by fever and elevation and an increased white blood cell count. The past medical history was unrem... Final Diagnosis: Fish bone impaction within MeckelÃ¢ÂÂs diverticulum.
The super-rich and cropland expansion via direct investments in agriculture
Creators: name: Ceddia, Michele Graziano
Publisher: name: (:null)
Year: 2020
Subjects: 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology

description: Cropland expansion represents an important cause of tropical deforestation, contributing to the loss of ecosystems’ functions. Flex-crops (e.g., oil palm, soy, sugar cane) account for an increasing share of cropland and contribute significantly to carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. Various forms of inequality have been shown to impact on agricultural expansion, yet the effect of wealth concentration among the super-rich is understudied. Here I show how, over the period 1991-2014, the large amount of wealth in the hands of high net worth individuals (HNWI) stimulated foreign direct investments in agriculture in Latin America and South-East Asia. This, in turn, drove the expansion of flex-crops areas. The combination of these two effects implies that, a 1% increase in the wealth of HNWI generated an expansion of the flex-crops area share of up to 2.4-10%. The results point to the urgency of addressing wealth inequality to protect the remaining forests.
Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta Duda (Duda 1923
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica foliiseta

description: 2.1. Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta species subgroup, new
Diagnosis. Surstylus without peg-like teeth (ch.37-1; Figs 4B, 5C); pregonite basally with recurved, apically truncate extension (ch.49-3; Figs 4C, 5D); posterior, rod-like process of phallapodeme longer than aedeagal median rod (ch.62-1; Figs 4C, 5D).
Shared characters. Prementum without pubescent patches (ch.12-0). Setulae on medial surface of abdominal sternites IV and V not so dense (ch.27,28-0; Fig. 5B). Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium longer than others (ch.33-1; Figs 4B, 5C). Aedeagal, outer membrane without spiny ornamentation (ch.55-1; Fig. 5D,E); aedeagal, median rod less sclerotized (ch.58-2; Fig. 5D). Aedeagal sheath with lateral lobes bearing strongly sclerotized postgonites (ch.65-1; Figs 4D, 5E).
Included taxa. Phortica (Ashima) biclavata Chen; P. (A.) dianmianensis Gong, Zhu & Chen; P. (A.) foliisetoides Chen & Toda; P. (A.) libo Zhu, Qin & Chen*; P. (A.) menglian Gong, Zhu & Chen*; P. (A.) nakanoi Chen; P. (A.) phyllochaeta; P. (A.) sagittaristula Chen & Wen; P. (A.) saltiaristula Chen & Wen; P. (A.) symmetria *; P. (A.) xyleboriphaga *; P. (A.) yalianae Zhu, Qin & Chen*; P. (A.) yiqini Zhu, Qin & Chen*; and P. (A.) foliiseta species complex. * The assignment was judged from the original descriptions by Senior-White (1921), Chen et al. (2005b), Zhu et al. (2017) and Gong et al. (2018).
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
Differentiated Integration as a Conscious Policy Choice: The Way Forward
Creators: name: Meissner, Vittoria
name: Tekin, Funda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: European Union
European integration
Integration process
EU policy development

description: Is differentiated integration an unintended consequence of the European Union integration process or is it a conscious policy choice of national decision-makers? By investigating national political preferences on EU integration based on a new interview data set collected in nine EU and non-EU countries, the policy paper outlines three main results. First, differentiated integration is at present widely considered as a desirable and effective alternative to foster integration in the EU as long as it upholds an inclusive character. Second, only in specific policy areas do political actors perceive differentiated integration as effective in terms of both output and outcome in the long term. Third, tailored forms of external differentiation will represent a viable solution for the EU’s relations with third countries in the near future. The paper also outlines specific recommendations on how differentiated integration might be used as a more strategic and conscious policy choice in the future.
Diagnosis of pulmonary infarction in post-mortem computed tomography and post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging-a technical note.
Creators: name: Herr, Nicolas
name: Lombardo, Paolo
name: Jackowski, Christian
name: Zech, Wolf Dieter
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 0
Subjects: 610 Medicine & health

description: Pulmonary thromboembolism may be accompanied by pulmonary infarction. Even though pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a frequently found cause of death at autopsy, pulmonary infarction accompanying PTE is a less common finding and may therefore easily be misinterpreted as infectious or cancerous lung disease. Appearance of pulmonary infarction in post-mortem imaging and acquisition parameters helping to identify pulmonary infarctions are not described yet. Based on a case of a 50-year-old man who died due to PTE and presented pulmonary infarction, we suggest using a pulmonary algorithm in post-mortem computed tomography combined with post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging of the lungs using conventional T1- and T2-weighted sequences.
Arithmetic Families of $(\phi,\Gamma)$-Modules and Locally Analytic Representations of $GL_2(Q_p)$
Creators: name: Gaisin
name: Rodrigues Jacinto
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2018

description: Let $A$ be a $Q_p$-affinoid algebra, in the sense of Tate. We develop a theory of locally convex $A$-modules parallel to the treatment in the case of a field by Schneider and Teitelbaum. We prove that there is an integration map linking a category of locally analytic representations in $A$-modules and separately continuous relative distribution modules. There is a suitable theory of locally analytic cohomology for these objects and a version of Shapiro's Lemma, generalizing results of Kohlhaase. As an application we propose a p-adic Langlands correspondence in families: For a regular trianguline $(\phi, \Gamma)$-module of dimension $2$ over the relative Robba ring $R_A$ we construct a locally analytic $GL_2(Q_p)$-representation in $A$-modules.
description: Documenta Mathematica, 2018, vol. 23, p. 1313-1404, 1431-0643
Phortica (Ashima) phyllochaeta
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica phyllochaeta

description: 6) Phortica (Ashima) phyllochaeta (Tsacas & Okada, 1983)
Amiota (Phortica) phyllochaeta Tsacas & Okada, 1983: 231.
Phortica (Ashima) phyllochaeta: Chen & Máca, 2012: 507.
Diagnosis. Aedeagal sheath with two sclerotized, marginally serrated postgonites on anterior portion of left lateral lobe (“ Fig. 9 ” in Tsacas & Okada 1983).
Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. biclavata). Supracervical setae 12–14. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 2/5 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 9–11 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side.
Specimen examined. Papua New Guinea: 1♂ paratype, Wau, Morobe district, 1,200 m a.s.l., 18.iii.1977, T. Okada leg. (NSMT).
Distribution. Papua New Guinea.
Remarks. This species closely resembles the foregoing species, P. biclavata, in having the aedeagal sheath with two marginally serrated postgonites on left lateral lobe and one anterior, large, marginally serrated postgonite and posterior, small, not serrated one on right lobe. However, these two species can be distinguished from each other by their diagnoses.
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
Octahedral Frames for Feature-Aligned Cross Fields
Creators: name: Zhang, Paul
name: Vekhter, Josh
name: Chien, Edward
name: Bommes, David
name: Vouga, Etienne
name: Solomon, Justin
Publisher: name: Association for Computing Machinery
Year: 2020
Subjects: 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems
510 Mathematics

description: We present a method for designing smooth cross fields on surfaces that automatically align to sharp features of an underlying geometry. Our approach introduces a novel class of energies based on a representation of cross fields in the spherical harmonic basis. We provide theoretical analysis of these energies in the smooth setting, showing that they penalize deviations from surface creases while otherwise promoting intrinsically smooth fields. We demonstrate the applicability of our method to quad meshing and include an extensive benchmark comparing our fields to other automatic approaches for generating feature-aligned cross fields on triangle meshes.
New Reference Materials and Assessment of Matrix Effects for SIMS Measurements of Oxygen Isotopes in Garnet
Creators: name: Vho, Alice
name: Rubatto, Daniela
name: Putlitz, Benita
name: Bouvier, Anne Sophie
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 0
Subjects: 550 Earth sciences & geology

description: Accurate ion microprobe analysis of oxygen isotope ratios in garnet requires appropriate reference materials to correct for instrumental mass fractionation that partly depends on the garnet chemistry (matrix effect). The matrix effect correlated with grossular, spessartine and andradite components was characterised for the Cameca IMS 1280HR at the SwissSIMS laboratory based on seventeen reference garnet samples. The correlations fit a second-degree polynomial with maximum bias of ca. 4‰, 2‰ and 8‰ respectively. While the grossular composition range 0–25% is adequately covered by available reference materials, there is a paucity of them for intermediate compositions. We characterise three new garnet reference materials GRS2, GRS-JH2 and CAP02 with a grossular content of 88.3 ± 1.2% (2s), 83.3 ± 0.8% and 32.5 ± 3.0% respectively. Their micro scale homogeneity in oxygen isotope composition was evaluated by multiple SIMS sessions. The reference δ18O value was determined by CO2 laser fluorination (δ18OLF). GRS2 has δ18OLF = 8.01 ± 0.10‰ (2s) and repeatability within each SIMS session of 0.30–0.60‰ (2s), GRS-JH2 has δ18OLF = 18.70 ± 0.08‰ and repeatability of 0.24–0.42‰ and CAP02 has δ18OLF = 4.64 ± 0.16‰ and repeatability of 0.40–0.46‰.
Sarto, Andrea del
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1860

description: Nr. einer späteren Paginierung: 261-265
description: Enthält Fotografien von Bildern von Andrea del Sarto sowie von unbekannten Nachahmern
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire Juli 2010
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF
Phortica (Ashima) foliisetoides Chen & Toda 2005
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica foliisetoides

description: 7) Phortica (Ashima) foliisetoides Chen & Toda, 2005
Phortica foliisetoides Chen & Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 423.
Phortica (Ashima) foliisetoides: Chen & Máca, 2012: 507.
Diagnosis. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15- 1); anterior, sclerotized postgonite on right lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath bifurcated into short and long projections (“Fig. 13” in Chen et al. 2005b).
Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 9. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Some interfrontal setulae longer than lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-2). Arista with neither dorsal nor ventral branches (ch.5,6-2); apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically tapering and pointed. Cibarial, medial sensilla 4–7 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 7 per side. Fore femur entirely yellow; fore and mid tibiae entirely yellow (ch.17,18-0); all tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V. Abdominal sternite III wider than long (ch.22-1), widest among sternites (ch.23-1), with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-1); IV and V wider than long (ch.24,25-1). Surstylus expanded at caudoventral corner (ch.35-1). Pregonite not concave on dorsosubapical margin of apical knob (ch.48-0), gently curved ventrad distally. Posterior postgonites on lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath medially separated from each other (ch.66-0), both apically roundish; right one less sclerotized (“Figs 12, 13” in Chen et al. 2005b).
Specimens examined. China: 4♂ paratypes, Jianfengling, Ledong County, Hainan, 21.ix.1993, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU); 5♂ paratypes, 2♂, ditto, except 22.ix.1993 (SEHU); 21♂, ditto, except 25.ix.1993 (SEHU).
Distribution. China (Hainan).
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
CODE product series for the IGS-MGEX project
Creators: name: Prange, Lars
name: Arnold, Daniel
name: Dach, Rolf
name: Kalarus, Maciej Sebastian
name: Schaer, Stefan
name: Stebler, Pascal
name: Villiger, Arturo
name: Jäggi, Adrian
Publisher: name: Astronomical Institute, University of Bern
Year: 2020
Subjects: 520 Astronomy

description: CODE, the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, is a joint venture of the following four institutions: Astronomical Institute, University of Bern (AIUB), Bern, Switzerland; Federal Office of Topography swisstopo, Wabern, Switzerland; Federal Agency of Cartography and Geodesy (BKG), Frankfurt a. M., Germany; Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie, Technische Universität München (IAPG, TUM), Munich, Germany. It acts as a global analysis center of the International GNSS Service (IGS). The operational computations are performed at AIUB using the latest development version of the Bernese GNSS Software. In this context a multi-GNSS solution is generated considering all active GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou (expect for GEOs), and QZSS satellites as a contribution to the IGS-MGEX project. The results are published with a delay of about two weeks.
Phortica (Ashima) sagittaristula Chen & Wen in Chen et al. 2005
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica sagittaristula

description: 8) Phortica (Ashima) sagittaristula Chen & Wen, 2005
Phortica sagittaristula Chen & Wen in Chen et al., 2005a: 3954.
Phortica (Ashima) sagittaristula: Chen & Máca, 2012: 507.
Diagnosis. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae as short as other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-0); anterior, sclerotized postgonite on right lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath bifurcated into subequal, long projections (“ Fig. 2C ” in Chen et al. 2005a).
Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliisetoides). Supracervical setae approximately 9. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side.
Specimens examined. Malaysia: 1♂, Ulu Gombak, Selangor, 8.xii.2013, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU). Indonesia: 1♂, Bogor, West Java, 13–18.xi.2009, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU).
Distribution. China (Guangxi, Yunnan), Peninsular Malaysia *, Java*.
Remarks. This species is closely related to the foregoing species, P. foliisetoides, in the molecular phylogeny reconstructed by Cao et al. (2011), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
Coeloglossum viride x Dactylorhiza maculata, beschriftet mit: C. viride x D. fuchsii.
Blütenanalyse, montiert auf Papier erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1973

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus der Schweiz GR: Albulatal (13.7.1973, HR 17357); Bergün (13.7.1973, HR 17358, Teil 1); Val Fex (17.7.1973, HR 17358, Teil 2-3); Oberengadin (17.7.1973, HR 17359).
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet und in HR 17357 - HR 17359 aufsteigend abgelegt, eingereiht unter Coeloglossum x Dactylorhiza
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Phortica (Ashima) saltiaristula Chen & Wen in Chen et al. 2005
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica saltiaristula

description: 10) Phortica (Ashima) saltiaristula Chen & Wen, 2005
Phortica saltiaristula Chen & Wen in Chen et al., 2005a: 3956.
Phortica (Ashima) saltiaristula: Chen & Máca, 2012: 507.
Diagnosis. Arista with 1 or 2 minute, dorsal branches basally (ch.5-1) and apical, leaf-like expansion roundish and irregularly serrated on apical margin; setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1); pregonite slightly concave on dorsosubapical margin of apical knob (ch.48-1), strongly curved ventrad distally (“ Fig. 3D ” in Chen et al. 2005a); anterior, sclerotized postgonite on right lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath not bifurcated (“ Fig. 3C ” in Chen et al. 2005a); posterior postgonites both strongly sclerotized and apically pointed (“ Fig. 3C ” in Chen et al. 2005a).
Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliisetoides). Supracervical setae 8–9. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side. Anterior postgonite on left lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath broadest, located subapically.
Specimens examined. China: 1♂ paratype, Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 940 m a.s.l., 25.xii.2003, S.- Y. Wen and H.-W. Chen leg. (SEHU). Thailand: 1♂, path to Bung La U O, Ban Thi Pho Ji, Umphang Distr., Tak Prov., ~ 800 m a.s.l., 22.i.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU); 2♂, Ban Jom Khiri, Amphoe Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai, 19.xi.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU).
Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.
Remarks. This species is closely related to P. foliisetoides and P. sagittaristula (Cao et al. 2011; An et al. 2015), but can be distinguished from them by the diagnostic characters.
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
Seasonal variation of diet quality in a large middle-aged and elderly Dutch population-based cohort.
Creators: name: Van Der Toorn, Janine E
name: Cepeda, Magda
name: Kiefte-De Jong, Jessica C
name: Franco, Oscar H
name: Voortman, Trudy
name: Schoufour, Josje D
Publisher: name: Springer-Verlag
Year: 2020
Subjects: 610 Medicine & health
360 Social problems & social services

description: PURPOSE Several studies have reported seasonal variation in intake of food groups and certain nutrients. However, whether this could lead to a seasonal pattern of diet quality has not been addressed. We aimed to describe the seasonality of diet quality, and to examine the contribution of the food groups included in the dietary guidelines to this seasonality. METHODS Among 9701 middle-aged and elderly participants of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort, diet was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Diet quality was measured as adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines, and expressed in a diet quality score ranging from 0 to 14 points. The seasonality of diet quality and of the food group intake was examined using cosinor linear mixed models. Models were adjusted for sex, age, cohort, energy intake, physical activity, body mass index, comorbidities, and education. RESULTS Diet quality had a seasonal pattern with a winter-peak (seasonal variation = 0.10 points, December-peak) especially among participants who were men, obese and of high socio-economic level. This pattern was mostly explained by the seasonal variation in the intake of legumes (seasonal variation = 3.52 g/day, December-peak), nuts (seasonal variation = 0.78 g/day, January-peak), sugar-containing beverages (seasonal variation = 12.96 milliliters/day, June-peak), and dairy (seasonal variation = 17.52 g/day, June-peak). CONCLUSIONS Diet quality varies seasonally with heterogeneous seasonality of food groups counteractively contributing to the seasonal pattern in diet quality. This seasonality should be considered in future research on dietary behavior. Also, season-specific recommendations and policies are required to improve diet quality throughout the year.
Additional file 1 of Population genetic admixture and evolutionary history in the Shandong Peninsula inferred from integrative modern and ancient genomic resources
Creators: name: Su, Haoran
name: Wang, Mengge
name: Li, Xiangping
name: Duan, Shuhan
name: Sun, Qiuxia
name: Sun, Yuntao
name: Wang, Zhiyong
name: Yang, Qingxin
name: Huang, Yuguo
name: Zhong, Jie
name: Chen, Jing
name: Jiang, Xiucheng
name: Ma, Jinyue
name: Yang, Ting
name: Liu, Yunhui
name: Luo, Lintao
name: Liu, Yan
name: Yang, Junbao
name: Chen, Gang
name: Liu, Chao
name: Cai, Yan
name: He, Guanglin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Neutrinos from captured dark matter annihilation in a galactic population of neutron stars
Creators: name: Bose, Debajit
name: Maity, Tarak Nath
name: Ray, Tirtha Sankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particulate dark matter captured by a population of neutron stars distributed around the galactic center while annihilating through long-lived mediators can give rise to an observable neutrino flux. We examine the prospect of an idealised gigaton detector like IceCube/KM3NeT in probing such scenarios. Within this framework, we report an improved reach in spin-dependent and spin-independent dark matter nucleon cross-section below the current limits for dark matter masses in the TeV-PeV range.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, analysis updated to include various dark matter density profiles, matches published version
Noise amplification in all-normal dispersion fiber supercontinuum generation and its impact in ultrafast photonics applications [Dataset]
Creators: name: Sierro, Benoît
name: Heidt, Alexander
Publisher: name: (:null)
Year: 2020
Subjects: 620 Engineering
530 Physics

description: Highly coherent and low-noise supercontinuum (SC) sources based on nonlinear spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers are attractive for many applications in ultrafast photonics. By simulating a real nonlinear pulse compression experiment, we numerically investigate the impact of shot noise and technical pump laser fluctuations on the quality and stability of single-cycle pulse generation and other multi-shot experiments based on the manipulation of the SC spectral phase. We find that for pump pulse durations of less than 600 fs, input relative intensity noise <1%, and correctly chosen fiber lengths, the initial fluctuations of the pump laser are at most amplified by a factor of three. We also show that the usual strong correlation between SC coherence and quality of the compressed pulses collapses in the presence of technical noise, and that in this situation the coherence is not a useful figure of merit to quantify pulse quality, noise amplification, or decoherence due to incoherent nonlinear dynamics. Our results highlight the very limited impact of technical pump laser noise on ANDi SC generation and are of practical relevance for many ultrafast photonics applications that require high-quality, low-noise SC sources.
Phortica (Ashima) nakanoi Chen in Chen & Maca 2012
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica nakanoi

description: 11) Phortica (Ashima) nakanoi Chen, 2012
Phortica (Ashima) nakanoi Chen in Chen & Máca, 2012: 497.
Diagnosis. Aedeagal sheath with the following sclerotized postgonites: anterior one longest and strongly curved ventrad, and posterior one minute and apically pointed on left lateral lobe; anterior one broadest, somewhat triangular and gently curved ventrad, and posterior one long and apically pointed on right lateral lobe (“Figs 13, 14” in Chen & Máca 2012).
Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliisetoides). Supracervical setae approximately 14. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae as short as other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-0).
Specimen examined. Indonesia: 3♂ paratypes, Padang, West Sumatra, 11.xii.1989, S. Nakano leg. (SEHU).
Distribution. Sumatra.
Remarks. This species resembles P. saltiaristula in having both posterior postgonites apically pointed and neither anterior one bifurcated, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
Choosing what is best for one's children? Experimental evidence on parents' responsiveness to childcare subsidies and their preferences for different childcare arrangements
Creators: name: Zangger, Christoph
name: Widmer, Janine
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020
Subjects: 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology

description: How do various levels of subsidies shape parental preferences for different childcare arrangements? Using data collected in a choice experiment that was conducted with 540 parents in the city of Bern, Switzerland, this study demonstrates how parental preferences for adequate childcare arrangements for their preschool-aged children are crucially mediated by the offered subsidies. Focusing on center-based care, we further investigate whether these preferences differ across individual social status, earnings, migration background, and gender. The results show that subsidizing high-quality childcare centers seems to fulfill the underlying policy goal of shifting parents’ preferences toward formal, center-based care arrangements. We also observe that this effect is more pronounced for individuals who are less likely to resort to this type of childcare in the first place, namely, families with fewer monetary resources, individuals with a migration background, and men.
Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Banziger 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica andreagigoni

description: 13) Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov.
(Fig. 4)
Diagnosis. Some interfrontal setulae longer than lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-2); arista without apical expansion (ch.7-0; Fig. 4A); pregonite strongly curved ventrad distally (Fig. 4C); posterior postgonites on lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath medially fused to each other (ch.66-1; Fig. 4D); left and right lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath with 1 and 2 anterior, somewhat triangular, plate-like postgonites, respectively (Fig. 4D).
Description (not repeating characters common to P. foliiseta). Supracervical setae 14–15. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 2/3 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Longest, dorsal branch of arista shorter than longest seta on pedicel (Fig. 4A). Fore and hind tarsomere Is slightly longer than 3 succeeding tarsomeres together; mid one as long as rest tarsomeres together.
Measurements (holotype, in mm): BL = 3.69, ThL = 1.51, WL = 2.46, WW = 1.10.
Indices (holotype, in ratio): FW/HW = 0.46, ch/o = 0.07, prorb = 1.26, rcorb = 0.53, vb = 0.29, dcl = 0.55, presctl = 0.46, sctl = (n/a), sterno = 1.00, orbito = 2.37, dcp = 0.33, sctlp = 1.32, C = 2.01, 4c = 1.69, 4v = 2.99, 5x = 0.97, ac = 3.45, M = 0.64, C3F = 0.58.
Holotype. ♂ (SEHU), “ Chang Khian Stream gully, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 800 m a.s.l., 5.vii.2009, H. Bänziger ”.
Distribution. Thailand.
Remarks. This species resembles P. foliiseta within the cluster of the four species, in having the dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme ≥ 2/3 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-0), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.
Etymology. Composite patronym with which H.B. wants to honor Prof. Dr.Andrea Gigon for his friendship and creation of the Blue Lists (Gigon et al. 2000).
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
FMEC-Enhanced Mobile Applications in Urban Environments
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Diego O.
name: Braun, Torsten
name: Maia, Guilherme
name: Loureiro, Antonio A. F.
name: Villas, Leandro A.
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2020
Subjects: 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems
510 Mathematics

description: Disruptive applications for mobile devices have beenproposed that can be enhanced by edge computing facilities. Inthis context, Fog Computing and Multi-access Edge Comput-ing (FMEC) are proposed architectures to meet the mobilityrequirements imposed by these applications in a wide rangeof domains, such as the Internet of Things, Immersive Media,and Self-driving Vehicles. These architectures aim to introducecomputing capabilities in the path between the user and theCloud to execute tasks closer to where they are consumed,thus mitigating issues related to latency, context awareness,and mobility support. In this survey, we describe which arethe leading technologies to support the deployment of FMECinfrastructure. After that, we discuss the applications that cantake advantage of FMEC and how they were proposed in theliterature. After examining enabling technologies and relatedapplications, we identify some open challenges to fully achievethe potential of FMEC, and also research opportunities onupcoming paradigms for service provisioning. This survey is aguide to comprehend the recent advances on the provisioning ofmobile applications, as well as foresee the expected next stagesof evolution for these applications.
Tizian
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1860

description: Nr. einer späteren Paginierung: 9, 73-78, 169, 193, 195, 245-247, 294, 310-311, 328
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire Juli 2010
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF
3D Primary Cell Culture: A Novel Preclinical Model For Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PanNETs)
Creators: name: April-Monn, Simon Leonhard
name: Wiedmer, Tabea
name: Skowronska, Magdalena
name: Maire, Renaud
name: Schiavo Lena, Marco
name: Trippel, Mafalda
name: Di Domenico, Annunziata
name: Muffatti, Francesca
name: Andreasi, Valentina
name: Capurso, Gabriele
name: Doglioni, Claudio
name: Kim-Fuchs, Corina
name: Gloor, Beat
name: Zatelli, Maria Chiara
name: Partelli, Stefano
name: Falconi, Massimo
name: Perren, Aurel
name: Marinoni, Ilaria
Publisher: name: Karger
Year: 2020
Subjects: 570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health

description: Molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of PanNET are still insufficiently understood. Efficacy of currently approved PanNET therapies is limited. While novel treatment options are being developed, patient stratification permitting more personalized treatment selection in PanNET is yet not feasible since no predictive markers are established. The lack of representative in vitro and in vivo models as well as the rarity and heterogeneity of PanNET are prevailing reasons for this. In this study, we describe an in vitro 3D human primary PanNET culture system as a novel preclinical model for more personalized therapy selection. We present a screening platform allowing multi-center sample collection and drug screening in 3D cultures of human primary PanNET cells. We demonstrate that primary cells isolated from PanNET patients and cultured in vitro form islet-like tumoroids. Islet-like tumoroids retain the neuroendocrine phenotype and are viable for at least two weeks in culture with high success rate (86%). Viability can be monitored continuously allowing for a per-well normalization. In a proof-of-concept study, islet-like tumoroids were screened with three clinically approved therapies for PanNET: Sunitinib, everolimus and temozolomide. Islet-like tumoroids display varying in vitro response profiles to distinct therapeutic regimes. Treatment response of islet-like tumoroids (IC50) differs also between patient samples. We believe that the presented human PanNET screening platform is suitable for personalized drug testing in a larger patient cohort and a broader application will help in identifying novel markers predicting treatment response and in refining PanNET therapy.
Diagnosis of asthma in children: findings from the Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort.
Creators: name: De Jong, Carmen CM.
name: Pedersen, Eva SL.
name: Mozun, Rebeca
name: Müller-Suter, Dominik
name: Jochmann, Anja
name: Singer, Florian
name: Casaulta, Carmen
name: Regamey, Nicolas
name: Moeller, Alexander
name: Ardura-Garcia, Cristina
name: Kuehni, Claudia E
Publisher: name: European Respiratory Society
Year: 0
Subjects: 610 Medicine & health
360 Social problems & social services

description: INTRODUCTION Diagnosing asthma in children remains a challenge because respiratory symptoms are not specific and vary over time. AIM In a real-life observational study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of respiratory symptoms, objective tests, and two paediatric diagnostic algorithms proposed by GINA and NICE to diagnose asthma in school-aged children. METHODS We studied children aged 5-17 years referred consecutively for evaluation of suspected asthma to pulmonary outpatient clinics. Symptoms were assessed by parental questionnaire. The investigations included specific IgE measurement or skin prick tests, measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide, spirometry, body plethysmography, and bronchodilator reversibility. Asthma was diagnosed by paediatric pulmonologists based on all available data. We assessed diagnostic accuracy of symptoms, tests, and diagnostic algorithms by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Among 514 participants, 357(70%) were diagnosed with asthma. The combined sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity/specificity) was highest for any wheeze (0.75/0.65), dyspnoea (0.56/0.76), and wheeze triggered by colds (0.58/0.78) or by exercise (0.55/0.74). Of the diagnostic tests, the AUC was highest for specific total resistance (sRtot) (0.73) and lowest for the residual volume (RV) total lung capacity (TLC) ratio (0.56). The NICE algorithm had a sensitivity of 0.69 and specificity of 0.67, whereas the GINA algorithm had a sensitivity of 0.42 and specificity of 0.90. CONCLUSION This study confirms the limited usefulness of single tests as well as existing algorithms for the diagnosis of asthma. It highlights the need for new and more appropriate evidence-based guidance.
Computational Discovery with Newton Fractals, Bohemian Matrices, & Mandelbrot Polynomials
Creators: name: Calkin, Neil J.
name: Chan, Eunice Y. S.
name: Corless, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 97-02

description: The authors have been using a largely algebraic form of ``computational discovery'' in various undergraduate classes at their respective institutions for some decades now to teach pure mathematics, applied mathematics, and computational mathematics. This paper describes what we mean by ``computational discovery,'' what good it does for the students, and some specific techniques that we used.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ATCM 2021 atcmmathandtech.org
Additional file 1 of Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Treponema spp. on trimming equipment and chutes – effect of washing and disinfection
Creators: name: Ahlén, Lina
name: Holmøy, Ingrid Hunter
name: Sogstad, Åse Margrethe
name: Jensen, Tim Kåre
name: Frosth, Sara
name: Rosander, Anna
name: Fjeldaas, Terje
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
The role of brucite in water and element cycling during serpentinite subduction – Insights from Erro Tobbio (Liguria, Italy)
Creators: name: Peters, Daniel
name: Pettke, Thomas
name: John, Timm
name: Scambelluri, Marco
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 0
Subjects: 550 Earth sciences & geology

description: The Erro Tobbio olivine-antigorite serpentinites and associated dehydration veins represent hydrated oceanic mantle rocks that escaped complete dehydration and recycling into the mantle after subduction to ~ 550-600 °C and 2.0-2.5 GPa. These rocks thus offer valuable insights into the petrological evolution of a slice of hydrated oceanic mantle and the geochemical cycling down to intermediate subduction zone depths. Our study emphasises the role of brucite upon rock-buffered hydration and subduction dehydration employing bulk and in situ chemical data sets combined with petrology. Bulk rock data reveal a coherent mantle peridotite slice affected by variable melt depletion and refertilisation. Subsequent fluid-rock interaction stages proceeded isochemically with respect to SiO2, i.e., without significant SiO2 enrichment characteristic for hydrothermal ocean floor serpentinisation. Relicts of low-T mesh textures after olivine and preservation of precursor mineral and low-T hydration geochemical features indicate a lack of subsequent fluid and metamorphic overprinting, even on scales of tens of micrometres. Fluid-mobile element enrichments are modest with exceptions for B and W. Enrichment signatures of U/Cs << 1 and Rb/Cs of 4-26 are characteristic of shallow forearc hydration within or atop the slab by fluids derived from breakdown of clays or first dehydration of altered oceanic crust with a subordinate sedimentary pore fluid component. Overall, the geochemical and petrological changes of the Erro Tobbio peridotites during fluid-rock interactions were rockbuffered, in contrast to fluid-buffered hydration accompanied with significant SiO2 metasomatism at, e.g., mid ocean ridges. Silica-neutral rock-buffered serpentinisation resulted in prominent brucite formation upon olivine hydration. In absence of excess SiO2, subsequent serpentine transformation of chrysotile/lizardite to antigorite likely produced even more brucite. Rock-buffered fluid-rock interactions thus provide a mechanism for stabilising brucite in subduction zone serpentinites, presumably along hydration fronts and within deeper sections of the oceanic lithospheric mantle. Finally, brucite + antigorite dehydration produced up to 40 vol. % of metamorphic olivine and prominent olivine + Ti-clinohumite + magnetite vein networks at temperatures < 550-600 °C, prior to complete antigorite breakdown. Wall rocks released alkali elements, B, Cr, As, Sb, and Ba into the dehydration fluids, along with substantial Sr, REE and HFSE redistribution into vein minerals.
Phortica (Ashima) pavriarista Cheng & Chen 2008
Creators: name: Toda, Masanori J.
name: Bänziger, Hans
name: Sati, Pradeep C.
name: Fartyal, Rajendra S.
name: Suwito, Awit
name: Katoh, Toru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Phortica
Phortica pavriarista

description: 14) Phortica (Ashima) pavriarista Cheng & Chen, 2008
Phortica (Phortica) pavriarista Cheng & Chen in Cheng et al., 2008: 620.
Phortica speculum (Maca & Lin, 1993): Chen et al., 2005b: 420 (part, misidentification).
Phortica (Ashima) pavriarista: Chen & Máca, 2012: 507.
Diagnosis. Arista only very slightly expanded apically (“Fig. 14” in Cheng et al. 2008); all postgonites strongly sclerotized, apically more or less pointed; posterior postgonite on only one lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath; lateral lobes submedially separated from each other; one lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath with 2 relatively close anterior postgonites (“Fig. 17” in Cheng et al. 2008).
Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliiseta). Supracervical setae 12–14. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Longest, dorsal branch of arista shorter than longest seta on pedicel. Cibarial, medial sensilla 9–10 per side; posterior sensilla 4–6 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomere V.
The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left lateral lobe bears 2 anterior postgonites, and the right lobe 1 posterior and 1 anterior postgonites (“Fig. 17” in Cheng et al. 2008); but in B-type, vice versa.
Specimen examined. Thailand: 1♂ (B-type), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 6.i.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU).
Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.
Remarks. This species resembles P. andreagigoni in having the less expanded apex of arista, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.
description: Published as part of Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3884610
Additional file 2 of Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Treponema spp. on trimming equipment and chutes – effect of washing and disinfection
Creators: name: Ahlén, Lina
name: Holmøy, Ingrid Hunter
name: Sogstad, Åse Margrethe
name: Jensen, Tim Kåre
name: Frosth, Sara
name: Rosander, Anna
name: Fjeldaas, Terje
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Data related to manuscript [‘Effective detection of weak terahertz pulses in electro-optic sampling at kilohertz repetition rate, Journal of the Optical Society of America B (2019), https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.37.000127]
Creators: name: Krauspe, Philipp Jonathan
name: Banerji, Natalie
name: Réhault, Julien Emile
Publisher: name: Optical Society of America
Year: 2019
Subjects: 570 Life sciences; biology
540 Chemistry
530 Physics

description: The standard terahertz (THz) detection mechanism known as electro-optic sampling can be improved in sensitivity by biasing the polarization of the sampling field. In this work, we show theoretically and experimentally how weak signals can be amplified without inducing distortions. Our study identifies the influence of THz field strength, the polarization quality, and biasing amplitude on signal amplification and distortion. Here we present a distortion- free amplification of a factor of 28 while at the same time reducing the measurement time significantly.
Additional file 3 of Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Treponema spp. on trimming equipment and chutes – effect of washing and disinfection
Creators: name: Ahlén, Lina
name: Holmøy, Ingrid Hunter
name: Sogstad, Åse Margrethe
name: Jensen, Tim Kåre
name: Frosth, Sara
name: Rosander, Anna
name: Fjeldaas, Terje
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 3