cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Higher-Order Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Wang, Hai-Xiao
name: Lin, Zhi-Kang
name: Jiang, Bin
name: Guo, Guang-Yu
name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order topology yields intriguing multidimensional topological phenomena, while Weyl semimetals have unconventional properties such as chiral anomaly. However, so far, Weyl physics remain disconnected with higher-order topology. Here, we report the theoretical discovery of higher-order Weyl points and thereby the establishment of such an important connection. We demonstrate that higher-order Weyl points can emerge in chiral materials such as chiral tetragonal crystals as the intermediate phase between the conventional Weyl semimetal and 3D higher-order topological phases. Higher-order Weyl semimetals manifest themselves uniquely by exhibiting concurrent chiral Fermi-arc surface states, topological hinge states, and the momentum-dependent fractional hinge charge, revealing a novel class of higher-order topological phases.
description: 4+ pages, 4 figures
Arsenic Consumption and Health Risk Perceptions in a Rural Western U.S. Area
Creators: name: Benson, Marnee
name: Walker, Mark
name: Shaw, W. Douglass
name: Benson, Marnee
name: Walker, Mark
name: Shaw, W. Douglass
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Churchill County, Nevada had approximately 23,000 residents, with an estimated 13,500 who relied on private wells for water supply in 2002. This study examined exposure to arsenic in water supplies among residents with private domestic wells and factors related to householder choice to consume tap water. It compared opinions and concerns about water quality with consumption habits and observed concentrations from tap water samples. The results from 351 households indicated that a majority (75%) of respondents consumed tap water and that a minority (38%) applied treatment. Approximately 66% of those who consumed tap water were exposed to concentrations of arsenic that exceeded 10 ppb. Water consumption was related to application of treatment. Among 98 respondents who were not at all concerned about the health effects of aqueous arsenic, 59 (60%) reported consuming tap water with concentrations of arsenic exceeding 10 ppb. Conversely, among 86 respondents who were highly concerned about arsenic, 33 (37%) consumed tap water with concentrations of arsenic exceeding 10 ppb. Results from a national sampling effort showed that 620/5304 (11.7%) of private wells sampled had arsenic concentrations above 10 ppb. The paradox of awareness of arsenic in water supplies coupled with consumption of aqueous arsenic in concentrations of >10 ppb may be common in other parts of the nation. Enhanced educational efforts, especially related to tap water sampling and explanations of efficacy of available treatment, may be a useful means of reducing exposure through private water supplies.
The universality classes in the parabolic Anderson model
Creators: name: van der Hofstad, Remco
name: Koenig, Wolfgang
name: Moerters, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60H25, 82C44, 60F10

description: We discuss the long time behaviour of the parabolic Anderson model, the Cauchy problem for the heat equation with random potential on $\Z^d$. We consider general i.i.d. potentials and show that exactly \emph{four} qualitatively different types of intermittent behaviour can occur. These four universality classes depend on the upper tail of the potential distribution: (1) tails at $\infty$ that are thicker than the double-exponential tails, (2) double-exponential tails at $\infty$ studied by Gärtner and Molchanov, (3) a new class called \emph{almost bounded potentials}, and (4) potentials bounded from above studied by Biskup and König. The new class (3), which contains both unbounded and bounded potentials, is studied in both the annealed and the quenched setting. We show that intermittency occurs on unboundedly increasing islands whose diameter is slowly varying in time. The characteristic variational formulas describing the optimal profiles of the potential and of the solution are solved explicitly by parabolas, respectively, Gaussian densities.
description: 39 pages
Deducing the Lifetime of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors from Host Galaxy Demography
Creators: name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The frequency of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in galaxies with distinct star formation histories can be used to constrain the lifetime of the progenitor systems. As an illustration, we consider here the constraints that can be derived from separating the host galaxies into early and late types. On average, early-type galaxies have their stars formed earlier than late-type galaxies, and this difference, together with the time delay between progenitor formation and short GRB outburst, leads to different burst rates in the two types of hosts. Presently available data suggest, but not yet prove, that the local short GRB rate in early-type galaxies may be comparable to that in late-type galaxies. This suggests that, unlike Type Ia supernovae, at least half of the short GRB progenitors that can outburst within a Hubble time have lifetimes greater than about 7 Gyr. Models of the probability distribution of time delays, here parametrized as P(τ) \propto τ^n, with n > -1 are favored. This apparent long time delay and the fact that early-type galaxies in clusters make a substantial contribution to the local stellar mass inventory can explain the observed preponderance of short GRBs in galaxy clusters.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Extended for more investigations and discussions on systematics
DSP control of a three phase UPS inverter
Creators: name: Wicks, Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The demand for three-phase uninterruptible power supplies has increased with the decrease in reliability of power supplied by power utilities. A single three-phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) can typically supply many loads at a time. A UPS must be able to supply relatively undistorted output line voltages with highly non-linear loads. Many papers have been devoted to introducing new control schemes that can supply these loads effectively. A new control scheme is introduced, in this work, which is implemented with a digital signal processor (DSP). The controller acts in a stationary reference frame as opposed to the commonly used rotating reference frame. Although using a stationary reference frame can create phase errors, the control algorithm is computationally more efficient than using a rotating reference frame. The proposed technique uses two line voltages and the corresponding differential output filter inductor currents for those lines as the control variables. As a result, this technique utilizes fewer sensors compared to techniques using a rotating reference frame. In this work, the plant model is developed and the stability of the controller is analyzed. The controller design is facilitated with the use of a Mathcad workspace, Steady-state simulations and experimental results are presented for a balanced resistive load. Even with relatively slow inner current loops, the performance of the controller is acceptable. Slow current controllers are used because of large noise in the current measurements of the experimental inverter. This work provides the basis to further investigate the feasibility of using the proposed controller to supply non-linear loads.
Sensitivity of Multi-Source SAR Backscatter to Changes in Forest Aboveground Biomass
Creators: name: Huang, Wenli
name: Sun, Guoqing
name: Ni, Wenjian
name: Zhang, Zhiyu
name: Dubayah, Ralph
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: forest aboveground biomass
SAR backscatter
formalization
incidence angle
PALSAR
UAVSAR
SIR-C/XSAR
AIRSAR

description: Accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) after anthropogenic disturbance could reduce uncertainties in the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems and provide critical information to policy makers. Yet, the loss of carbon due to forest disturbance and the gain from post-disturbance recovery have not been sufficiently assessed. In this study, a sensitivity analysis was first conducted to investigate: (1) the influence of incidence angle and soil moisture on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter; (2) the feasibility of cross-image normalization between multi-temporal and multi-sensor SAR data; and (3) the possibility of applying normalized backscatter data to detect forest biomass changes. An empirical model was used to reduce incidence angle effects, followed by cross-image normalization procedure to lessen soil moisture effect. Changes in forest biomass at medium spatial resolution (100 m) were mapped using both spaceborne and airborne SAR data. Results indicate that (1) the effect of incidence angle on SAR backscatter could be reduced to less than 1 dB by the correction model for airborne SAR data; (2) over 50% of the changes in SAR backscatter due to soil moisture could be eliminated by the cross-image normalization procedure; and (3) forest biomass changes greater than 100 Mg·ha−1 or above 50% of 150 Mg·ha−1 are detectable using cross-normalized SAR data.
Quantum theory of SASE FEL
Creators: name: Bonifacio, R.
name: Piovella, N.
name: Robb, G. R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a free-electron laser (FEL) in the Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) regime quantizing the electron motion and taking into account propagation effects. We demonstrate quantum purification of the SASE spectrum, i.e., in a properly defined quantum regime the spiking behavior disappears and the SASE power spectrum becomes very narrow.
description: to appear on NIM-A
If a small collection exists in the forest, does anybody know it's there? Research value and digitization progress of field station collections
Creators: name: Krimmel, Erica R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: field station
regional collection
small collection
natural history

description: Worldwide, over 900 Field Stations & Marine Labs (FSMLs) provide critical physical infrastructure for immersive research in just about every possible type of environment. The place-based nature of FSMLs makes them natural repositories for continuous site-specific data, including biological specimens. In fact, biological collections are among the infrastructure that makes an individual station appealing to researchers and other visitors. We discuss common characteristics of biological collections held by FSMLs, as well as the unique research value of such collections, and the digitization progress made within this community. FSML collections are typically small in size and regional in scope. Because FSMLs function as interdisciplinary, multi-audience hubs, their collections serve diverse user groups and may experience simultaneously more access and less consistent curation than we expect of similarly-sized collections housed at museums and universities. We qualify these issues in the context of the research opportunity that digitization brings to FSML-based biological collections.
A Theoretically-Consistent Empirical Non-Expected Utility Model of Ambiguity: Nuclear Waste Mortality Risk and Yucca Mountain
Creators: name: Riddel, Mary C.
name: Shaw, W. Douglass
name: Riddel, Mary C.
name: Shaw, W. Douglass
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Risk aversion is well established in the health and safety literature, and ambiguity is addressed in theoretical and experimental economics literature, but few theoretically-consistent empirical models addressing the relationship between ambiguity, risk, and preferences exist. Even fewer address ambiguity about health or mortality risks. To fill this gap, we propose a theoretical non-expected-utility model (NEUM) that is relatively easy to estimate. The NEUM we develop hinges upon two sources of variability, one over risk and the other over uncertainty about the risk. The model, like the second-order probability models of Segal (1987) and Quiggin (1982), grounds ambiguity in the compound lottery context. However, our model differs from previous approaches by assuming that the moments of the subjective-risk distribution drive preferences through the utility function rather than via the usual probability weights. Moreover, the model allows for heterogeneity in information sets and/or personal characteristics thereby offering individual-specific estimates of utility and the value of welfare changes. Using data from a survey of Nevada residents concerning risks from high-level nuclear-waste transport, we explore heterogeneity in the moments of their subjective-risk distributions. Next, we estimate the ex-ante value of those risks as a function of the moments of the subjective-risk distribution. Our findings suggest that negative externalities associated with nuclear-waste transport based on perceived risks may be quite substantial. We also find that uncertainty about the program clouds individuals' understanding of the risks, and that ambiguity significantly influences choices and values
The State of Soil Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Baselines, Trajectories, and Solutions
Creators: name: Tully, Katherine
name: Sullivan, Clare
name: Weil, Ray
name: Sanchez, Pedro
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: soil degradation
sub-Saharan Africa
baselines
indicators
sustainability
resilience

description: The primary cause of soil degradation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expansion and intensification of agriculture in efforts to feed its growing population. Effective solutions will support resilient systems, and must cut across agricultural, environmental, and socioeconomic objectives. While many studies compare and contrast the effects of different management practices on soil properties, soil degradation can only be evaluated within a specific temporal and spatial context using multiple indicators. The extent and rate of soil degradation in SSA is still under debate as there are no reliable data, just gross estimates. Nevertheless, certain soils are losing their ability to provide food and essential ecosystem services, and we know that soil fertility depletion is the primary cause. We synthesize data from studies that examined degradation in SSA at broad spatial and temporal scales and quantified multiple soil degradation indicators, and we found clear indications of degradation across multiple indicators. However, different indicators have different trajectories—pH and cation exchange capacity tend to decline linearly, and soil organic carbon and yields non-linearly. Future research should focus on how soil degradation in SSA leads to changes in ecosystem services, and how to manage these soils now and in the future.
Learning dynamical systems from data: a simple cross-validation perspective
Creators: name: Hamzi, Boumediene
name: Owhadi, Houman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Regressing the vector field of a dynamical system from a finite number of observed states is a natural way to learn surrogate models for such systems. We present variants of cross-validation (Kernel Flows \cite{Owhadi19} and its variants based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy and Lyapunov exponents) as simple approaches for learning the kernel used in these emulators.
description: File uploaded on arxiv on Sunday, July 5th, 2020. Got delayed due to tex problems on ArXiv. Original version at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342693818_Learning_dynamical_systems_from_data_a_simple_cross-validation_perspective
The value of density measurements in stellar coronae
Creators: name: Ness, Jan-Uwe
name: Jordan, Carole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The grating instruments on board Chandra and XMM-Newton now allow measurements of electron densities. These rely on the ratios of fluxes in emission lines, where one line depends on both collisional and radiative decay rates. The electron density is required to constrain the physical extent of the emitting region, and large samples of measurements are of interest in the context of trends in coronal activity. Here we discuss the important He {\sc i}-like ions and the differences in densities that result when different current data bases are used.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, proceedings ITAMP Workshop: X-ray Diagnostics for Astrophysical Plasmas: Theory, Experiment and Observation. 2004 November 15-17 Cambridge, USA
TCF4 Is a Molecular Target of Resveratrol in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Jeong, Jin Boo
name: Lee, Jihye
name: Lee, Seong-Ho
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: resveratrol
phytochemicals
TCF4
colon cancer

description: The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. T-cell factor-4 (TCF4) is a member of the TCF/LEF (lymphoid enhancer factor) family of transcription factors, and dysregulation of β-catenin is decisive for the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. However, the role of TCF4 in the transcriptional regulation of its target gene remained poorly understood. Resveratrol is a dietary phytoalexin and present in many plants, including grape skin, nuts and fruits. Although resveratrol has been widely implicated in anti-tumorigenic and pro-apoptotic properties in several cancer models, the underlying cellular mechanisms are only partially understood. The current study was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of resveratrol in human colorectal cancer cells. The treatment of resveratrol and other phytochemicals decreased the expression of TCF4. Resveratrol decreases cellular accumulation of exogenously-introduced TCF4 protein, but did not change the TCF4 transcription. The inhibition of proteasomal degradation using MG132 (carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal) and lactacystin ameliorates resveratrol-stimulated down-regulation of TCF4. The half-life of TCF4 was decreased in the cells exposed to resveratrol. Resveratrol increased phosphorylation of TCF4 at serine/threonine residues through ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) and p38-dependent pathways. The TCF4 knockdown decreased TCF/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity and sensitized resveratrol-induced apoptosis. The current study provides a new mechanistic link between resveratrol and TCF4 down-regulation and significant benefits for further preclinical and clinical practice.
RICE LAND TENURE EVALUATION SOFTWARE USERS' GUIDE
Creators: name: Benton, Brandon
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Smith, Edward G.
name: Benton, Brandon
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Smith, Edward G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (FAIR Act) introduces several significant changes to farm commodity legislation. While these changes impact all program commodities, they have prompted considerable concern for the future of the Texas rice industry. Changes in the farm program have prompted many landowners and tenants to evaluate their current rental arrangements and determine if changes are required. In response to considerable ensuing questions regarding the land rental market, a Lotus 1-2-3 template was developed to aid parties in determining an equitable lease. This Lotus template allows users to specify enterprise budget information for rice farm operations and then evaluates the expected returns to producers and landowners under various lease scenarios. The landowners' results are compared with the returns from 100% of the market transition payments and user-specified net returns for an alternative enterprise to calculate the net advantage to landowners for producing rice under the budgeted scenario over the life of the FAIR Act. The Rice Land Tenure Evaluation Users' Guide is a detailed explanation of how to use the Lotus Rice Land Tenure Evaluation program. This guide instructs users on how to use the various components of the program. Sections of the Users' Guide include a preface, installation instructions, an overview of the changes in the farm program, a section describing how to input data, a description of the custom menu system, and a report section that illustrates examples of the reports that are available for printing.
TESTING FOR MONOPSONY POWER IN MULTIPLE INPUT MARKETS: A NONPARAMETRIC APPROACH WITH APPLICATION TO CIGARETTE MANUFACTURING
Creators: name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Love, H. Alan
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Love, H. Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: market power
subject: tobacco
subject: nonparametric
subject: monopsony.

description: Monopsony power by cigarette manufacturers in procuring domestic and imported tobacco is investigated using a nonparametric method previously developed by Love and Shumway. Their test is extended to assess monopsony market power in multiple input markets. Results indicate that cigarette manufacturers exert significant monopsony power in the domestic tobacco market and exert little monopsony power in the international tobacco market.
GRAIN LAND TENURE EVALUATION SOFTWARE USERS' GUIDE
Creators: name: Benton, Brandon
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Smith, Edward G.
name: Benton, Brandon
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Smith, Edward G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (FAIR Act) introduces several significant changes to farm commodity legislation. While these changes impact all program commodities, they have prompted considerable concern for the future of the Texas grain industry. Changes in the farm program have prompted many landowners and tenants to evaluate their current rental arrangements and determine if changes are required. In response to considerable ensuing questions regarding the land rental market, a Lotus 1-2-3 template was developed to aid parties in determining an equitable lease. This Lotus template allows users to specify enterprise budget information for grain farm operations and then evaluates the expected returns to producers and landowners under various lease scenarios. The landowners' results are compared with the returns from 100% of the market transition payments and user-specified net returns for an alternative enterprise to calculate the net advantage to landowners for producing grain under the budgeted scenario over the life of the FAIR Act. The Grain Land Tenure Evaluation Users' Guide is a detailed explanation of how to use the Lotus Grain Land Tenure Evaluation program. This guide instructs users on how to use the various components of the program. Sections of the Users' Guide include a preface, installation instructions, an overview of the changes in the farm program, a section describing how to input data, a description of the custom menu system, and a report section that illustrates examples of the reports that are available for printing. The Grain Land Tenure Evaluation also has the capability of evaluating all seven program crops. A section in the Users' Guide explains how to switch from one crop to another.
Investment in Young and Established Microenterprises in Russia
Creators: name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This paper shows that imperfections in the credit market and insecurity of property rights affect nonuniformly the investment of younger and established microenterprises in Russia. The empirical analysis of investment is based on the liquidity constraint model but also accounts for the added challenged that the weak institutional structure and the small size of the enterprises pose. Investment in younger firms is most constrained by the availability of funds, while investment in more established microenterprises is affected by the ability of the entrepreneurs to "secure" their property rights by paying bribes. Financial institutions are unable to distinguish good from bad borrowers but lend to firms that have transparent transactions.
Remarks on connected components of moduli of real polarized K3 surfaces
Creators: name: Nikulin, Viacheslav V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14H45, 14J26, 14J28, 14P25

description: I have finalized my old (1979) results about enumeration of connected components of moduli of real polarized K3 surfaces. As an application, using recent results of math.AG/0312396, the complete classification of real polarized K3 surfaces which are deformations of real hyper-elliptically polarized K3 surfaces is obtained. This could be important in some questions, because real hyper-elliptically polarized K3 surfaces can be constructed explicitly.
description: 22 pages
An Entropy-Based Damage Characterization
Creators: name: Amiri, Mehdi
name: Modarres, Mohammad
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2014
Subjects: irreversible thermodynamics
entropy generation
materials damage
structural integrity

description: This paper presents a scientific basis for the description of the causes of damage within an irreversible thermodynamic framework and the effects of damage as observable variables that signify degradation of structural integrity. The approach relies on the fundamentals of irreversible thermodynamics and specifically the notion of entropy generation as a measure of degradation and damage. We first review the state-of-the-art advances in entropic treatment of damage followed by a discussion on generalization of the entropic concept to damage characterization that may offers a better definition of damage metric commonly used for structural integrity assessment. In general, this approach provides the opportunity to described reliability and risk of structures in terms of fundamental science concepts. Over the years, many studies have focused on materials damage assessment by determining physics-based cause and affect relationships, the goal of this paper is to put this work in perspective and encourage future work of materials damage based on the entropy concept.
Comparison of different methods of nitrogen-vacancy layer formation in diamond for widefield quantum microscopy
Creators: name: Healey, A. J.
name: Stacey, A.
name: Johnson, B. C.
name: Broadway, D. A.
name: Teraji, T.
name: Simpson, D. A.
name: Tetienne, J. -P.
name: Hollenberg, L. C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin layers of near-surface nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond substrates are the workhorse of NV-based widefield magnetic microscopy, which has applications in physics, geology and biology. Several methods exist to create such NV layers, which generally involve incorporating nitrogen atoms (N) and vacancies (V) into the diamond through growth and/or irradiation. While there have been detailed studies of individual methods, a direct side-by-side experimental comparison of the resulting magnetic sensitivities is still missing. Here we characterise, at room and cryogenic temperatures, $\approx100$ nm thick NV layers fabricated via three different methods: 1) low-energy carbon irradiation of N-rich high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) diamond, 2) carbon irradiation of $δ$-doped chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond, 3) low-energy N$^+$ or CN$^-$ implantation into N-free CVD diamond. Despite significant variability within each method, we find that the best HPHT samples yield similar magnetic sensitivities (within a factor 2 on average) to our $δ$-doped samples, of $<2$~$μ$T Hz$^{-1/2}$ for DC magnetic fields and $<100$~nT Hz$^{-1/2}$ for AC fields (for a $400$~nm~$\times~400$~nm pixel), while the N$^+$ and CN$^-$ implanted samples exhibit an inferior sensitivity by a factor 2-5, at both room and low temperature. We also examine the crystal lattice strain caused by the respective methods and discuss the implications this has for widefield NV imaging. The pros and cons of each method, and potential future improvements, are discussed. This study highlights that low-energy irradiation of HPHT diamond, despite its relative simplicity and low cost, is a competitive method to create thin NV layers for widefield magnetic imaging.
The merging cluster Abell 85 caught between meals by XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Durret, Florence
name: Neto, Gastao B. Lima
name: Forman, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our XMM-Newton observations of Abell 85 confirm the extended 4 Mpc filament first detected with ROSAT, which has an X-ray temperature of about 2 keV and is probably made of groups falling on to the cluster. A comparison of the temperature map with numerical simulations show that Abell 85 had intense merging activity in the past and is not fully relaxed, even in the central region. Finally, a deprojected temperature profile has been calculated and used, together with the suface brightness, to estimate the entropy and pressure profiles. Abell 85 only presents a mild flattening of the entropy profile in the center, showing no evidence of an ``entropy floor''.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of the COSPAR Scientific Assembly, E1.2 "Clusters of Galaxies: New Insights from XMM-Newton, Chandra and INTEGRAL", Paris (France), July 19-20, 2004, accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research
Comparing Consumer Attitudes towards Genetically Modified Food in Europe
Creators: name: Springer, A.
name: Mattas, Konstadinos
name: Papastefanou, G.
name: Tsioumanis, Asterios
name: Springer, A.
name: Mattas, Konstadinos
name: Papastefanou, G.
name: Tsioumanis, Asterios
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: genetic modification
subject: attitudes towards genetic modification
subject: biotechnology
subject: food

description: As biotechnology evolves new methods of genetic engineering are now being applied to the production and processing of foods. This paper is trying to explore the attitudes of the European consumers towards genetic modification of food. Using survey data of the EU member countries the proposed research paper is planned to have a threefold output: 1) providing a comparative ranking of the EU member countries in relation to the prevalence of rejection of genetically modified food, 2) uncovering intra-european differences in genetic food engineering rejection as being based on socio-demographic and informational resp. knowledge based differentials between EU countries and 3) specifying the importance of socio-economic and informational determinants of a potential defender of genetically modified food by estimating the partial effects of age, gender, education, income, family status, size of household, knowledge on genetical food engineering and information use behavior in a multivariate model of the attitudes towards genetically modified food. This causal approach will be followed in selected EU countries representing extreme positions in the EU attitude ranking. By these empirical results the paper is trying to reveal intra-EU differentials of consumer attitudes towards genetically modified food, which is a necessary baseline for adequate and efficient policies in order to satisfy consumer needs for quality and security. The results will also prove helpful to the food industry providing differential information for marketing decisions and focusing adjustments in different EU food markets.
Zeugnis und Einheit der Christenheit nach der Integration von Mission und Ökumene
Creators: name: Gensichen, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 1 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 1
Charge-pumping with finger capacitance in a custom electrostatic energy harvesting ASIC
Creators: name: Zhou, Alyssa Y.
name: Maharbiz, Michel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an integrated circuit capable of scavenging energy from repetitive changes in finger touch capacitance. A finger tapping on this ASIC generates a capacitive change of approximately 770pF. These changes feed into a charge-pump circuit which stores 320pJ of energy on a 1nF storage capacitor. We present measurement results and simulations that demonstrate operation. As a proof-of-concept, we also demonstrate that the harvested energy can power a ring oscillator which outputs a series of chirps with frequencies ranging from 80Hz to 30kHz as the storage capacitor voltage charges and discharges.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, The following article has been accepted by Applied Physics Letters. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/journal/apl
The magnetic field and confined wind of the O star $θ^1$~Orionis~C
Creators: name: Wade, G. A.
name: Fullerton, A. W.
name: Donati, J. -F.
name: Landstreet, J. D.
name: Petit, P.
name: Strasser, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we confirm the presence of a globally-ordered, kG-strength magnetic field in the photosphere of the young O star $θ^1$~Orionis~C, and examine the properties of its optical line profile variations. A new series of high-resolution MuSiCoS Stokes $V$ and $I$ spectra has been acquired which samples approximately uniformly the rotational cycle of $θ^1$~Orionis~C. Using the Least-Squares Deconvolution (LSD) multiline technique, we have succeeded in detecting variable Stokes $V$ Zeeman signatures associated with the LSD mean line profile. These signatures have been modeled to determine the magnetic field geometry. We have furthermore examined the profi le variations of lines formed in both the wind and photosphere using dynamic spectra. Based on spectrum synthesis fitting of the LSD profiles, we determine that the polar strength of the magnetic dipole component is $1150 \la B_{\rm d}\la 1800$~G and that the magnetic obliquity is $27\degr \la β\la 68\degr$, assuming $i=45\pm 20\degr$. The best-fit values for $i=45\degr$ are $B_{\rm d} = 1300 \pm 150 (1σ)$~G and $β= 50\degr \pm 6\degr (1σ)$. Our data confirm the previous detection of a magnetic field in this star, and furthermore demonstrate the sinusoidal variability of the longitudinal field and accurately determine the phases and intensities of the magnetic extrema. The analysis of ``photospheric'' and ``wind'' line profile variations supports previous reports of the optical spectroscopic characteristics, and provides evidence for infall of material within the magnetic equatorial plane.
Determinant Factors of Satisfaction in the Relationship between First- and Second-Order Agricultural Cooperatives
Creators: name: Arcas-Lario, Narciso
name: Munuera, Jose Luis
name: Arcas-Lario, Narciso
name: Munuera, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural marketing
subject: first- and second-order agricultural co-operatives
subject: satisfaction
subject: success factors of interorganizational relationships

description: The integration in second-order cooperatives allows the first-order agricultural cooperatives to complement their resources and capabilities, achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. The problems associated with the creation, development and long-term maintenance of these partnerships, along with the lack of research into this area, justify the realization of studies aimed at improving our understanding of the processes and outcomes that characterize them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discover the factors which lead to the success of these relationships, empirically measured through the satisfaction of first-order co-operatives with the relationship. In order to achieve this, a suitable theoretical framework is established and an empirical study undertaken, with information obtained from a survey of 190 Spanish first-order agricultural co-operatives. The results obtained reveal that the contribution of the partnership to the first-order cooperative's performance, its trust and perception of fairness are critical antecedents of the level of satisfaction of the first-order cooperative satisfaction with the relationship.
Measurement of Semileptonic Branching Fractions of B Mesons to Narrow D** States
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the data accumulated in 2002-2004 with the DO detector in proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider with centre-of-mass energy 1.96 TeV, the branching fractions of the decays B -> \bar{D}_1^0(2420) μ^+ ν_μX and B -> \bar{D}_2^{*0}(2460) μ^+ ν_μX and their ratio have been measured: BR(\bar{b}->B) \cdot BR(B-> \bar{D}_1^0 μ^+ ν_μX) \cdot BR(\bar{D}_1^0 -> D*- pi+) = (0.087+-0.007(stat)+-0.014(syst))%; BR(\bar{b}->B)\cdot BR(B->D_2^{*0} μ^+ ν_μX) \cdot BR(\bar{D}_2^{*0} -> D*- π^+) = (0.035+-0.007(stat)+-0.008(syst))%; and (BR(B -> \bar{D}_2^{*0} μ^+ ν_μX)BR(D2*0->D*- pi+)) / (BR(B -> \bar{D}_1^{0} μ^+ ν_μX)\cdot BR(\bar{D}_1^{0}->D*- π^+)) = 0.39+-0.09(stat)+-0.12(syst), where the charge conjugated states are always implied.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Chitosan to Connect Biology to Electronics: Fabricating the Bio-Device Interface and Communicating Across This Interface
Creators: name: Kim, Eunkyoung
name: Xiong, Yuan
name: Cheng, Yi
name: Wu, Hsuan-Chen
name: Liu, Yi
name: Morrow, Brian H.
name: Ben-Yoav, Hadar
name: Ghodssi, Reza
name: Rubloff, Gary W.
name: Shen, Jana
name: Bentley, William E.
name: Shi, Xiaowen
name: Payne, Gregory F.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2014
Subjects: bioelectronics
biofabrication
biosensing
catechol
chitosan
electrochemistry
electrodeposition
redox-activity
redox-capacitor
tyrosinase

description: Individually, advances in microelectronics and biology transformed the way we live our lives. However, there remain few examples in which biology and electronics have been interfaced to create synergistic capabilities. We believe there are two major challenges to the integration of biological components into microelectronic systems: (i) assembly of the biological components at an electrode address, and (ii) communication between the assembled biological components and the underlying electrode. Chitosan possesses a unique combination of properties to meet these challenges and serve as an effective bio-device interface material. For assembly, chitosan’s pH-responsive film-forming properties allow it to “recognize” electrode-imposed signals and respond by self-assembling as a stable hydrogel film through a cathodic electrodeposition mechanism. A separate anodic electrodeposition mechanism was recently reported and this also allows chitosan hydrogel films to be assembled at an electrode address. Protein-based biofunctionality can be conferred to electrodeposited films through a variety of physical, chemical and biological methods. For communication, we are investigating redox-active catechol-modified chitosan films as an interface to bridge redox-based communication between biology and an electrode. Despite significant progress over the last decade, many questions still remain which warrants even deeper study of chitosan’s structure, properties, and functions.
Cost-Effective Farm-Level Nitrogen Abatement in the Presence of Environmental and Economic Risk
Creators: name: Ekman, Sone
name: Ekman, Sone
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: nitrogen abatement
subject: risk aversion
subject: diversification
subject: chance constraints
subject: discrete stochastic programming

description: This paper evaluates the consequences of considering environmental and economic risk in the analysis of cost-effective nitrogen abatement options in crop production. A farm-level mathematical programming model incorporating nitrogen leaching variability, field time variability, yield variability, and output price variability is developed. The empirical results reveal that requiring a high reliability with respect to a desired abatement target can be extremely costly, due to the high variability of nitrogen emissions. It appears to be sufficient to reduce average nitrogen load in order to reduce the environmental risk associated with nitrogen leaching variability, since a change to crops with lower average load also results in lower variability of nitrogen emissions. A farmer's degree of risk aversion has some effect on the economically optimal choice of crop mix. However, it is more important to consider the utilisation of machinery and labour resources and crop rotation effects, than considering risk aversion.
Effect of polarization on spectroscopic characterization of laser produced aluminium plasma
Creators: name: Geethika, B. R.
name: Thomas, Jinto
name: R, Renjith Kumar
name: Dave, Janvi
name: Joshi, Hem Chandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a well-established technique widely used in fundamental research and diverse practical fields. Polarization-resolved LIBS, a variant of this technique, aims to improve the sensitivity, which is a critical aspect in numerous scientific domains. In our recent work we demonstrated that the degree of polarization (DOP) in the emission depends on the spatial location and time in a nano second laser generated aluminium plasma1. Present study investigates the effect of polarized emission on the estimation of plasma parameters. The plasma parameters are estimated using the conventional spectroscopic methods such as Boltzmann plot and line intensity ratio for the estimation of electron temperature and Stark broadening for estimating the electron density. The estimated plasma temperature using Boltzmann plot method shows large errors in electron temperature for the locations where DOP is higher. However, the electron density estimated using the Stark width does not show such variation. The observed ambiguity in temperature estimation using the Boltzmann plot method appears to be a consequence of deviation from expected Maxwell Boltzmann distribution of population of the involved energy levels. These findings highlight the need of assessing the DOP of the plasma before selecting the polarization for PRLIBS or temperature estimation using Boltzmann plots in elemental analysis.
Additional file 1 of White civilians’ implicit danger evaluation of police officers underlies explicit perception of police
Creators: name: Olivett, Vincenzo J.
name: March, David S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental materials including the Perceptions of Police Scale, all prime stimuli used, the means and standard deviations for all prime conditions in Study 1, and zero-order correlations for all variables in Studies 1 and 2.
Automatic Detection of Major Freeway Congestion Events Using Wireless Traffic Sensor Data: A Machine Learning Approach
Creators: name: Aliari, Sanaz
name: Sadabadi, Kaveh F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Monitoring the dynamics of traffic in major corridors can provide invaluable insight for traffic planning purposes. An important requirement for this monitoring is the availability of methods to automatically detect major traffic events and to annotate the abundance of travel data. This paper introduces a machine learning based approach for reliable detection and characterization of highway traffic congestion events from hundreds of hours of traffic speed data. Indeed, the proposed approach is a generic approach for detection of changes in any given time series, which is the wireless traffic sensor data in the present study. The speed data is initially time-windowed by a ten-hour long sliding window and fed into three Neural Networks that are used to detect the existence and duration of congestion events (slowdowns) in each window. The sliding window captures each slowdown event multiple times and results in increased confidence in congestion detection. The training and parameter tuning are performed on 17,483 hours of data that includes 168 slowdown events. This data is collected and labeled as part of the ongoing probe data validation studies at the Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies (CATT) at the University of Maryland. The Neural networks are carefully trained to reduce the chances of over-fitting to the training data. The experimental results show that this approach is able to successfully detect most of the congestion events, while significantly outperforming a heuristic rule-based approach. Moreover, the proposed approach is shown to be more accurate in estimation of the start-time and end-time of the congestion events.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures