cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Functional and phenotypic characterization of the Stearoyl CoA desaturase gene of Anopheles coluzzii
Creators: name: Ferdous, Zannatul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Successful acquisition and transmission of malaria parasites requires a female mosquito obtaining a blood meal from human hosts. The blood meal, which is rich in protein, is required for egg development. Most of the ingested protein is converted to lipid and stored in the fat body where vitellogenesis takes place. In this process, saturated fatty acids are converted to unsaturated fatty acids by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1). Unsaturated fatty acids are also essential for maintaining cell membrane fluidity and other housekeeping functions. The main aim of this thesis was to functionally and phenotypically characterize the function of SCD1 during blood meal metabolism in the African mosquito vector Anopheles coluzzii. RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of the SCD1 gene and administration of a small molecule inhibitor of SCD1 had a significant impact on the survival of female mosquitoes following a blood meal. SCD1 knockdown (KD) caused a 100% mortality within 48 h after a human blood meal, while addition of the SCD1 small molecule inhibitor sterculic acid (SA) in the blood meal caused a 50% mortality within 72 h of blood meal. Microscopic analysis showed that SCD1 KD mosquitoes failed to develop eggs in response to the blood meal, while their thorax was filled with blood at 24 h post blood meal. These findings were highly consistent with electron microscopy data that showed increased plasma membrane rigidity and depletion of lipid droplets in the midgut epithelial cells. Transcriptional profiling using A. coluzzii oligonucleotide DNA microarrays showed that genes involved in protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as a large number of immunity genes were the most affected in blood-fed SCD1 KD versus control mosquitoes. Metabolomics profiling highlighted the biochemical framework by which the SCD1 KD phenotype is manifested after a blood meal, revealing increased amounts of saturated fatty acids and TCA cycle (and other interlinked pathway) intermediates in SCD1 KD and SA-treated mosquitoes. The data reported in this thesis reveal that silencing of SCD1 in female A. coluzzii mosquitoes leads to a metabolic syndrome primarily associated with the increase of saturated fatty acids and TCA cycle intermediates, which affects important biological functions leading to premature mosquito death. The accumulation of saturated fatty acids is also the likely cause of a potent immune response observed in the absence of infection, which resembles an auto-inflammatory reaction. These data provide important leads for the development of novel interventions aiming to block transmission of mosquito-borne diseases.
The Australian Genomics Mitochondrial Flagship: A National Program Delivering Mitochondrial Diagnoses.
Creators: name: Rius, Rocio
name: Compton, Alison G
name: Baker, Naomi L
name: Balasubramaniam, Shanti
name: Best, Stephanie
name: Bhattacharya, Kaustuv
name: Boggs, Kirsten
name: Boughtwood, Tiffany
name: Braithwaite, Jeffrey
name: Bratkovic, Drago
name: Bray, Alessandra
name: Brion, Marie-Jo
name: Burke, Jo
name: Casauria, Sarah
name: Chong, Belinda
name: Coman, David
name: Cowie, Shannon
name: Cowley, Mark
name: de Silva, Michelle G
name: Delatycki, Martin B
name: Edwards, Samantha
name: Ellaway, Carolyn
name: Fahey, Michael C
name: Finlay, Keri
name: Fletcher, Janice
name: Frajman, Leah E
name: Frazier, Ann E
name: Gayevskiy, Velimir
name: Ghaoui, Roula
name: Goel, Himanshu
name: Goranitis, Ilias
name: Haas, Matilda
name: Hock, Daniella H
name: Howting, Denise
name: Jackson, Matilda R
name: Kava, Maina P
name: Kemp, Madonna
name: King-Smith, Sarah
name: Lake, Nicole J
name: Lamont, Phillipa J
name: Lee, Joy
name: Long, Janet C
name: MacShane, Mandi
name: Madelli, Evanthia O
name: Martin, Ellenore M
name: Marum, Justine E
name: Mattiske, Tessa
name: McGill, Jim
name: Metke, Alejandro
name: Murray, Sean
name: Panetta, Julie
name: Phillips, Liza K
name: Quinn, Michael CJ
name: Ryan, Michael T
name: Schenscher, Sarah
name: Simons, Cas
name: Smith, Nicholas
name: Stroud, David A
name: Tchan, Michel C
name: Tom, Melanie
name: Wallis, Mathew
name: Ware, Tyson L
name: Welch, AnneMarie E
name: Wools, Christine
name: Wu, You
name: Christodoulou, John
name: Thorburn, David
Publisher: name: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biological Sciences
Health Sciences

description: PURPOSE: Families living with mitochondrial diseases (MD) often endure prolonged diagnostic journeys and invasive testing, yet many remain without a molecular diagnosis. The Australian Genomics Mitochondrial flagship, comprising clinicians, diagnostic, and research scientists, conducted a prospective national study to identify the diagnostic utility of singleton genomic sequencing using blood samples. METHODS: 140 children and adults living with suspected MD were recruited using modified Nijmegen criteria (MNC) and randomized to either exome + mtDNA sequencing (ES+mtDNAseq) or genome sequencing (GS). RESULTS: Diagnostic yield was 55% (n=77) with variants in nuclear (n=37) and mtDNA (n=18) MD genes, as well as phenocopy genes (n=22). A nuclear gene etiology was identified in 77% of diagnoses, irrespective of disease onset. Diagnostic rates were higher in pediatric-onset (71%) than adult-onset (31%) cases, and comparable in children with non-European (78%) versus European (67%) ancestry. For children, higher MNC scores correlated with increased diagnostic yield and fewer diagnoses in phenocopy genes. Additionally, three adult patients had a mtDNA deletion discovered in skeletal muscle that was not initially identified in blood. CONCLUSION: Genomic sequencing from blood can simplify the diagnostic pathway for individuals living with suspected MD, especially those with childhood onset diseases and high MNC scores.
Background X-ray Emission from Hot Gas in CDM and CDM+Lambda Universes: Spectral Signatures
Creators: name: Cen, Renyue
name: Kang, Hyesung
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
name: Ryu, Dongsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new treatment of two popular models for the growth of structure, examining the X-ray emission from hot gas with allowance for spectral line emission from various atomic species, primarily ``metals". The X-ray emission from the bright cluster sources is not significantly changed from prior work and, as noted earlier, shows the CDM$+Λ$ model (LCDM) to be consistent but the standard, COBE normalized model (SCDM) to be inconsistent with existing observations --- after allowance for still the considerable numerical modelling uncertainties. But we find one important new result. Radiation in the softer band 0.5-1.0keV is predominantly emitted by gas far from cluster centers (hence ``background"). This background emission dominates over the cluster emission below 1keV and observations of it should show clear spectral signatures indicating its origin. In particular the ``iron blend" should be seen prominantly in this spectral bin from cosmic background hot gas at high galactic latitudes and should show shadowing against the SMC indicating its extragalactic origin. Certain OVII lines also provide a signature of this gas which emits a spectrum characteristic of $10^{6.6\pm 0.6}$K gas. Recent ASCA observations of the X-ray background tentatively indicate the presence of component with exactly the spectral features we predict here.
description: Princeton University Observatory, in ApJ press, figs can be ftp'ed from ftp://astro.princeton.edu/cen/XRAY/
Additional file 11 of Exosomal microRNAs are novel circulating biomarkers in cigarette, waterpipe smokers, E-cigarette users and dual smokers
Creators: name: Singh, Kameshwar P.
name: Maremanda, Krishna P.
name: Li, Dongmei
name: Rahman, Irfan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 11: Supplementary Table 11. . Differential expressed tRNAs from plasma exosomes of waterpipe smokers in comparison to non-smokers.
Entropy of hard square lattice gas with $k$ distinct species of particles: coloring problems and vertex models
Creators: name: Singh, Sahil Kumar
name: Jain, Sudhir R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coloring the faces of 2-dimensional square lattice with $k$ distinct colors such that no two adjacent faces have the same color is considered by establishing connection between the $k$ coloring problem and a generalized vertex model. Associating the colors with $k$ distinct species of particles with infinite repulsive force between nearest neighbors of the same type and zero chemical potential $μ$ associated with each species, the number of ways $[W(k)]^N$ for large $N$ is related to the entropy of the {\it{hard square lattice gas}} at close packing of the lattice, where $N$ is the number of lattice sites. We discuss the evaluation of $W(k)$ using transfer matrix method with non-periodic boundary conditions imposed on at least one dimension and show the characteristic Toeplitz block structure of the transfer matrix. Using this result, we present some analytical calculations for non-periodic models that remain finite in one dimension. The case $k=3$ is found to approach the exact result obtained by Lieb for the residual entropy of ice with periodic boundary conditions. Finally, we show, by explicit calculation of the contribution of subgraphs and the series expansion of $W(k)$, that the genenralized Pauling type estimate(which is based on mean field approximation) dominates at large values of $k$. We thus also provide an alternative series expansion for the chromatic polynomial of a regular square graph.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, Some major revisions done
Darboux transformation for the discrete Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Aktosun, Tuncay
name: Choque-Rivero, Abdon E.
name: Papanicolaou, Vassilis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39A70 47B39 81U15 34A33

description: The discrete Schrödinger equation on a half-line lattice with the Dirichlet boundary condition is considered when the potential is real valued, is summable, and has a finite first moment. The Darboux transformation formulas are derived from first principles showing how the potential and the wavefunction change when a bound state is added to or removed from the discrete spectrum of the corresponding Schrödinger operator without changing the continuous spectrum. This is done by explicitly evaluating the change in the spectral density when a bound state is added or removed and also by determining how the continuous part of the spectral density changes. The theory presented is illustrated with some explicit examples.
description: 51 pages
A framework for cultural heritage management and research: the Cancellara case study
Creators: name: Biscione, Marilisa
name: Danese, Maria
name: Masini, Nicola
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: This paper deals with the approach used to create the digital cultural heritage map (hereafter, c.h.) of the mountain village of Cancellara and its territory, located in Basilicata, Southern Italy. The map is thought to be an exhaustive georeferenced catalogue of sites of cultural interest to bring fresh insights and new life to the c.h. and support decisions for their protection, management and valorization by the municipality and public bodies, national and regional, designated to fulfil the duties in ensuring the protection and accessibility of cultural heritage. A digital c.h. map is also important and useful for scholars who conduct studies and investigations as well as for private companies and cultural associations which work in the field of Cultural and Creative Industry. This map allows access to information useful for the reconstruction of the history of the place, dispersed among various private and public archives or unpublished. The map includes a chart at the territory scale, and more detail for the built-up area and its historical centre. It summarises data from heterogeneous sources.
First order framework for gauge k-vortices
Creators: name: Bazeia, D.
name: Losano, L.
name: Marques, M. A.
name: Menezes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study vortices in generalized Maxwell-Higgs models, with the inclusion of a quadratic kinetic term with the covariant derivative of the scalar field in the Lagrangian density. We discuss the stressless condition and show that the presence of analytical solutions help us to define the model compatible with the existence of first order equations. A method to decouple the first order equations and to construct the model is then introduced and, as a bonus, we get the energy depending exclusively on a function of the fields calculated from the boundary conditions. We investigate some specific possibilities and find, in particular, a compact vortex configuration in which the energy density is all concentrated in a unit circle.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures; reference added, to appear in AHEP
Numerical evaluation of internal erosion due to seepage flow
Creators: name: Kawano, Kenichi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Internal erosion poses a significant threat to the stability of earth and rock-fill dams. Suffusion is one mechanism of internal erosion. Gap-graded, cohesionless and underfilled soils are susceptible to suffusion as the fine particles in this type of material are under relatively low stress. Previous research such as Skempton & Brogan (1994) has revealed that fine particles within this kind of soil are washed out due to seepage flow at much lower hydraulic gradient than critical hydraulic gradient calculated from Terzaghi’s classic theory for heave, and they defined a stress reduction factor α to quantify this phenomenon. This contribution develops these concepts by using particle-scale simulation. Hitherto, there has been a lot of attention paid to the material susceptibility, which is assessed by considering the material’s particle size distribution. However, there has been little research considering the hydro-mechanical aspects of susceptibility. The hydro-mechanical aspects of susceptibility are intimately related to the particle-fluid interaction. The contribution of this thesis is to fill the gap in understanding by using the coupled discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to observe the fundamental mechanisms that govern the onset of suffusion. In this research, virtual permeameter tests with a constant head were simulated with a coupled DEM-CFD code. The permeameter simulations were validated using the work of Suzuki et al. (2007) and were compared with the results obtained from Shire (2014). Four gap-graded soils with two fines contents and two densities were investigated to consider the influence of coordination number, seepage velocity and normalised particle stress on particle displacement under varying hydraulic gradients.
Large D gravity and charged membrane dynamics with nonzero cosmological constant
Creators: name: Kundu, Suman
name: Nandi, Poulami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have found a class of dynamical charged 'black-hole' solutions to Einstein-Maxwell system with a non-zero cosmological constant in a large number of spacetime dimensions. We have solved up to the first sub-leading order using large D scheme where the inverse of the number of dimensions serves as the perturbation parameter. The system is dual to a dynamical membrane with a charge and a velocity field, living on it. The dual membrane has to be embedded in a background geometry that itself, satisfies the pure gravity equation in presence of a cosmological constant. Pure AdS / dS are particular examples of such background. We have also obtained the membrane equations governing the dynamics of the charged membrane. The consistency of our membrane equations is checked by calculating the quasi-normal modes with different Einstein-Maxwell systems in AdS/dS.
description: 63 pages, v3: appendix added, Accepted for publication in JHEP
Pattern in Nonlinear Gravatational Clustering: A Numerical Investigation
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, T.
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
name: Summers, F J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear clustering of dark matter particles in an expanding universe is usually studied by N-body simulations. One can gain some insight into this complex problem if simple relations between physical quantities in the linear and nonlinear regimes can be extracted from the results of N-body simulations. Hamilton et al. (1991) and Nityananda and Padmanabhan (1994) have made an attempt in this direction by relating the mean relative pair velocities to the mean correlation function in a useful manner. We investigate this relation and other closely related issues in detail for the case of six different power spectra: power laws with spectral indexes $n=-2,-1$, cold dark matter (CDM), and hot dark matter models with density parameter $Ω=1$; CDM including a cosmological constant ($Λ$) with $Ω_{CDM}=0.4$, $Ω_Λ=0.6$; and $n=-1$ model with $Ω=0.1$. We find that: (i) Power law spectra lead to self-similar evolution in an $Ω=1$ universe. (ii) Stable clustering does not hold in an $Ω=1$ universe to the extent our simulations can ascertain. (iii) Stable clustering is a better approximation in the case of $Ω<1$ universe in which structure formation freezes out at some low redshift. (iv) The relation between dimensionless pair velocity and the mean correlation function, $\barξ$, is only approximately independent of the shape of the power spectrum. At the nonlinear end, the asymptotic value of the dimensionless pair velocity decreases with increasing small scale power, because the stable clustering assumption is not universally true. (v) The relation between the evolved $\barξ$ and the linear regime $\barξ$ is also not universal but shows a weak spectrum dependence. We present simple theoretical arguments for these conclusions.
description: Princeton Univ Obs, in press ApJ (Aug 1, 1996) Figures (revised) also available from ftp://astro.princeton.edu/cen/SCALING
The role of the 3’ untranslated region of tissue factor mRNA in its post-transcriptional regulation
Creators: name: Cao, Jun
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of blood coagulation cascade, is not expressed in resting monocytes/macrophages but can be induced by LPS, providing a link between sepsis and thrombosis. In contrast, TF is highly expressed constitutively by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our group has previously demonstrated that the stability of LPS-induced TF mRNA in macrophages is regulated by a complex involving the RNA binding proteins tristetraprolin (TTP) and poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase-14 (PARP-14) and an AU-rich element (ARE) at the distal end of TF mRNA 3’UTR mRNA. In the present work we sought to continue this work by determining post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms acting on constitutive TF expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. We confirmed high steady state levels of TF mRNA. Using a luciferase-TF 3’UTR reporter assay, we found that mutation of the distal ARE implicated in TTP/PARP-14 binding led to a significant increase in reporter activity. As TTP was not detectable in MDA-MB-231 cells, we sought other proteins that regulate TF by interacting with the ARE, and identified human antigen R (HuR). First, siRNA knock-down of HuR led to significant increase in luciferase-TF 3’UTR activity; secondly, we were able to western blot HuR in material pulled down with in vitro-transcribed TF 3’UTR, and this was significantly reduced using a construct with a mutation in the distal ARE. As HuR siRNA knock-down increased TF protein expression without detectably affecting TF steady state mRNA, we conclude that HuR probably plays a role in TF translational repression. Consistent with this, association of HuR with TF 3’UTR in the in vitro pull down assay fell after activation of macrophages with LPS, in parallel with the induced expression of TF and TTP.
Additional file 3 of A qualitative study on the involvement of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer during multiple research phases: “plan, structure, and discuss”
Creators: name: van Ham, Camila Rosalinde
name: Burgers, Vivian Wilhelmina Gerarda
name: Sleeman, Sophia Helena Eva
name: Dickhout, Annemiek
name: Harthoorn, Niels Christiaan Gerardus Laurus
name: Manten-Horst, Eveliene
name: van Eenbergen, Mies Christina
name: Husson, Olga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. GRIPP2 short form.
Bio-inspired systems for treatment of diabetes
Creators: name: El Sharkawy, Mohamed Fayez
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: There have been several technological advancements aimed at improving glycaemic control in people with Type 1 diabetes such as continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps (CSII). However, even with these advances, the millions of people living with diabetes struggle to keep their glucose levels within target range (4-8 mM). There are various reasons for this sub-optimal control of glucose levels which include lack of patient compliance, and most importantly, determining the amount of insulin needed to maintain glycaemic control is not a trivial task since glucose levels are affected by many different parameters. Since a healthy pancreas maintains optimal glycaemic control, a bio-inspired system that replicates the natural mechanisms of glucose sensing and physiological insulin secretion would be ideal for maintaining glycaemic control in people with Type 1 diabetes. Towards this aim, in this thesis a Bio-inspired Artificial Pancreas (BiAP) has been designed and implemented. It runs on dedicated hardware, and incorporates a bio-inspired controller that replicates the insulin-secreting physiology of the pancreatic β-cells. The controller runs on an embedded microchip and the system has been optimized for low power operation. In addition a glucagon controller is used with the aim of reducing hypoglycaemic episodes. The low-power, hand-held unit (BiAP) interfaces to a continuous glucose sensor (Medtronic Enlite or Dexcom G4) and sends the required insulin and glucagon dose information to two subcutaneous pumps (Roche Accu-Chek Combo). The BiAP has undergone over 250 hours of closed loop studies at the NIHR/Wellcome Trust clinical research facility at Hammersmith hospital. The results show that the BiAP is capable of achieving good control with both the single and dual hormone systems. Additionally, the hand-held unit achieves power efficient operation, lasting for 54 hours during full control. Furthermore, it was identified that one of the challenges to the successful realisation of an artificial pancreas system is sensor accuracy. Therefore, a bio-inspired methodology for improving glucose sensor performance is presented. Specifically, the noise shaping capability of gap junction coupling is utilised to synchronise β-cell behaviour to a varying glucose sensor input and reduce random noise. In addition, a CMOS chip was fabricated containing 4 β-cell circuits, which were then coupled off chip. These improvements will allow more accurate glucose sensing for use in an artificial pancreas.
Geomorphology of the Valdegovía valley (Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain): an example of a sub-Mediterranean, low-mid mountainous, structurally controlled area
Creators: name: Junguitu, Josu
name: Eguíluz, Luis
name: Sarrionandia, Fernando
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: A detailed geomorphological map at 1:25,000 scale is presented for the Valdegovía valley (Álava, Northern Spain), located at the central zone of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin. The map has been developed after several field surveys, with the aid of GIS techniques and high resolution digital terrain models (DTM) derived from LiDAR datasets. The high resolution LiDAR DTMs have revealed uncountable ground features and slope breaks that frequently are hidden by dense forests. Considering the tectonic control and the current sub-Mediterranean climate of the studied area, most landforms and deposits in the Valdegovía valley respond to lithostructural, gravitational, karstic, fluvial, and anthropogenic morphogenesis. We conclude that the geomorphological evolution of the Valdegovía valley has been strongly conditioned by a structural control related with two main NW-SE trending asymmetric folds.
title: Lettre à Jean-François Delfraissy
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-2019311113222139
Topology of Large-Scale Structure by Galaxy Type: Hydrodynamic Simulations
Creators: name: Gott, J. Richard
name: III
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topology of large scale structure is studied as a function of galaxy type using the genus statistic. In hydrodynamical cosmological CDM simulations, galaxies form on caustic surfaces (Zeldovich pancakes) then slowly drain onto filaments and clusters. The earliest forming galaxies in the simulations (defined as ``ellipticals") are thus seen at the present epoch preferentially in clusters (tending toward a meatball topology), while the latest forming galaxies (defined as ``spirals") are seen currently in a spongelike topology. The topology is measured by the genus (= number of ``donut" holes - number of isolated regions) of the smoothed density-contour surfaces. The measured genus curve for all galaxies as a function of density obeys approximately the theoretical curve expected for random-phase initial conditions, but the early forming elliptical galaxies show a shift toward a meatball topology relative to the late forming spirals. Simulations using standard biasing schemes fail to show such an effect. Large observational samples separated by galaxy type could be used to test for this effect.
description: Princeton University Observatory, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal, figures can be ftp'ed from ftp://astro.princeton.edu/cen/TOP/
Design, synthesis and material property investigation of degradable block copolymers prepared via the combination of ROCOP and ROP
Creators: name: Zhu, Yunqing
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The thesis focuses on the synthesis of (multi)block copolyesters using combinations of the ring-opening copolymerization of anhydrides/epoxides and the ring-opening polymerization of lactones. All the new block copolyesters are fully characterized and in depth investigations of the materials’ properties include evaluations as thermoplastic elastomers, shape memory polymers and polymers for biomedicine. Chapter 2 describes the polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone, using a di-zinc catalyst and various diols. A mixture of two polymer chain architectures is observed when using diols featuring secondary hydroxyls: these comprise chains which are either chain extended or chain terminated by the diol. This observation highlights the importance of analyzing the polymer architecture, the analysis may be achieved using a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques, in the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone and refutes the common assumption that a single chain extended structure is produced in all cases. Chapter 3 uses di-zinc catalysts to selectively polymerize mixtures of lactones, epoxides and cyclic anhydrides to form multiblock copolyesters. By controlling the chemistry of the Zn-OP (P represents polymer chain) it is possible to select for a particular polymerization route and thereby allow access to multiblock copolymers having both alternating polyester blocks and aliphatic polyester blocks. The switchable catalysis is established to be generally applicable to a range of lactone/epoxide/cyclic anhydride combinations. The unusual catalyst selectivity is proposed to arise due to both kinetic and thermodynamic factors. Chapter 4 applies the selective catalysis to make multiblock copolymers which are subsequently chain-extended by reactions with diisocyanates. This method allows the preparation of amorphous multiblock copolymers comprising hard blocks from the ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and soft blocks from the ring-opening polymerization of ε-decalactone (DL). The obtained multiblock polymers function as thermoplastic elastomers, and shape memory materials, which are fully characterized and various application areas are proposed. Chapter 5 reports the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers, featuring hydrophobic poly(ɛ-caprolactone) blocks and hydrophilic blocks produced by the alternating copolymerization of maleic anhydride and epoxides featuring ether chains. The block copolyesters are designed to be both biodegradable and biocompatible. Block copolymers with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratios are processed to form self-assembled nanostructures in aqueous solutions, and show a range of different morphologies. The (bio)degradability, biocompatibility and drug release profiles are studies.
What symmetry is actually broken in the Higgs phase of a gauge-Higgs theory?
Creators: name: Greensite, Jeff
name: Matsuyama, Kazue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In SU($N$) gauge-Higgs theories, with a single Higgs field in the fundamental representation, there exists in addition to the local gauge symmetry a global SU(2) symmetry, at $N=2$, and a global U(1) symmetry, for $N \ne 2$. We construct a gauge-invariant order parameter for the breaking of these global symmetries in the Higgs sector, and calculate numerically the transition lines, in coupling-constant space, for SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories with unimodular Higgs fields. The order parameter is non-local, and therefore its non-analyticity does not violate the theorem proved by Osterwalder and Seiler. We then show that there exists a transition, in gauge-Higgs theories, between two types of confinement: ordinary color neutrality in the Higgs region, and a stronger condition, which we have called "separation-of-charge confinement," in the confinement region. We conjecture that the symmetry-breaking transition coincides with the transition between these two physically different types of confinement.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures. v2: new section VII, other minor revisions. Version to appear in PRD
Counting Pairs of Faint Galaxies
Creators: name: Woods, David
name: Fahlman, Gregory G.
name: Richer, Harvey B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of close pairs of galaxies observed to faint magnitude limits, when compared to nearby samples, determines the interaction or merger rate as a function of redshift. The prevalence of mergers at intermediate redshifts is fundamental to understanding how galaxies evolve and the relative population of galaxy types. Mergers have been used to explain the excess of galaxies in faint blue counts above the numbers expected from no-evolution models. Using deep CFHT ($I\leq24$) imaging of a ``blank'' field we find a pair fraction which is consistent with the galaxies in our sample being randomly distributed with no significant excess of ``physical'' close pairs. This is contrary to the pair fraction of $34\%\pm9\%$ found by Burkey {\it et al.} for similar magnitude limits and using an identical approach to the pair analysis. Various reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Colors and morphologies of our close pairs are consistent with the bulk of them being random superpositions although, as indicators of interaction, these criteria are uncertain due to contamination of field galaxies and difficulty in seeing structure at intermediate redshifts, respectively. This observed lack of close pairs is probably linked with the decreasing amplitude of the angular correlation function at faint limits. If our faint samples are comprised of galaxies which have a higher average redshift than brighter samples studied by other workers then either the merger rate has been overestimated or there is a change in its behaviour from what is observed at brighter magnitude limits.
description: 471 kb uuencoded, postscript file with figures included, 32 pages, To appear in the Nov., 1995 issue of Astrophysical Journal
DIGNIDADE MENSTRUAL: PERCEPÇÃO DOS ALUNOS EM FEIRAS DE SAÚDE
Creators: name: Roehrs, Hellen
name: De Abreu Azevedo, Francisca Lívia
name: Mendes Araújo Silva, Vivianne
name: dos Reis Rangel, Larissa
name: de Lima Gonçalves Gomes Teixeira, Danniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Enfermagem
Saúde Pública
Dignidade Menstrual
Pobreza Menstrual

description: O material apresenta o relato sobre o projeto de extensão voltado para a Dignidade Menstrual, realizado por alunos de enfermagem e medicina da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) através do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET). O projeto aconteceu na comunidade Santa Marta, no Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de conscientizar sobre o ciclo menstrual e a importância da higiene íntima.

Durante a iniciativa, os alunos participaram de cinco feiras de saúde, ministrando palestras e distribuindo 376 absorventes para 47 mulheres. Além disso, foram desenvolvidos três materiais educativos e realizadas publicações em redes sociais para ampliar o alcance do tema. O trabalho destaca a relevância da educação menstrual e o impacto positivo da ação na interação entre alunos e comunidade, incentivando a continuidade do projeto.
MOESM1 of Candidemia in critically ill immunocompromised patients: report of a retrospective multicenter cohort study
Creators: name: Ghrenassia, Etienne
name: Mokart, Djamel
name: Mayaux, Julien
name: Demoule, Alexandre
name: Rezine, ImĂ¨ne
name: Kerhuel, Lionel
name: Calvet, Laure
name: Jong, Audrey
name: Azoulay, Elie
name: Darmon, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Venn diagram representing interaction between candida risk factors. Figure S2. Distribution of propensity score of having candidemia, in the study population ("treatment") and the control group ("control") (17), before and after matching. Figure S3. Distribution of propensity score of having candidemia, in the study population ("treatment") and the control group ("control") (17), before and after matching. Figure S4. Standardized mean difference across groups for accounted variables before and after matching. SOFA: Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; RRT: Renal Replacement Therapy; MV: Mechanical ventilation; HSCT: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Figure S5. Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve in patients with Candidemia and in patients without candidemia, before matching (Difference tested using Log-Rank test). Figure S6. Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve in patients with Candidemia and in patients without candidemia, after matching (Difference tested using Log-Rank test). Table S1. Patients characteristics. Table S2. Comparison between ICU acquired candidemia and "primary candidemia" (Patients with candidemia developing before 24h of ICU admission). Table S3. Candidemia patients characteristics and control patients [16] before adjustment. Table S4. Candidemia Patients characteristics and control patients after propensity score matching on gender, organ support, underlying immune defect and stem cell transplantation.
ESO Imaging Survey VII. Distant Cluster Candidates over 12 square degrees
Creators: name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Olsen, L. F.
name: da Costa, L.
name: Slijkhuis, R.
name: Benoist, C.
name: Deul, E.
name: Erben, T.
name: Hook, R.
name: Nonino, M.
name: Wicenec, A.
name: Zaggia, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the list of candidate clusters identified from the I-band data of the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS) is completed using the images obtained over a total area of about 12 square degrees. Together with the data reported earlier the total I-band coverage of EIS is 17 square degrees, which has yielded a sample of 252 cluster candidates in the redshift range $0.2 \lsim z \lsim 1.3$. This is the largest optically-selected sample currently available in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also well distributed in the sky thus providing targets for a variety of VLT programs nearly year round.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Production of dark-matter bound states in the early universe by three-body recombination
Creators: name: Braaten, Eric
name: Kang, Daekyoung
name: Laha, Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The small-scale structure problems of the universe can be solved by self-interacting dark matter that becomes strongly interacting at low energy. A particularly predictive model for the self-interactions is resonant short-range interactions with an S-wave scattering length that is much larger than the range. The velocity dependence of the cross section in such a model provides an excellent fit to self-interaction cross sections inferred from dark-matter halos of galaxies and clusters of galaxies if the dark-matter mass is about 19 GeV and the scattering length is about 17 fm. Such a model makes definite predictions for the few-body physics of weakly bound clusters of the dark-matter particles. The formation of the two-body bound cluster is a bottleneck for the formation of larger bound clusters. We calculate the production of two-body bound clusters by three-body recombination in the early universe under the assumption that the dark matter particles are identical bosons, which is the most favorable case. If the dark-matter mass is 19 GeV and the scattering length is 17 fm, the fraction of dark matter in the form of two-body bound clusters can increase by as much as 4 orders of magnitude when the dark-matter temperature falls below the binding energy, but its present value remains less than 10^(-6). The present fraction can be increased to as large as 10^(-3) by relaxing the constraints from small-scale structure and decreasing the mass of the dark matter particle.
description: 35 pages, 8 figure, v2: published version, a comment on spin-1/2 dark matter case added
Research Partnerships: Issues, Lessons, Results and Dreams for Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Castillo, Gelia
name: Castillo, Gelia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper examines the need for and the nature of partnerships in agricultural research. Most of these, it maintains, are North-South partnerships. Though increasing South-South collaboration has been evident over the past decade, South-South partnerships are usually dependent for funding on northern countries which makes them vulnerable in the longer term. South-South partnerships are also less likely to find themselves at the cutting edge of scientific thought which makes it important that South-based institutions continue to partner with their counterparts in the North. The paper argues that so long as adequate attention is devoted to defining the terms of partnership and choosing the 'right' partner, research partnerships can yield enormous benefits. It takes the view that many 'sins' have been committed in past partnerships but that we should be able to learn from these. It also maintains that partnerships between the 'strong' and the 'weak' are possible so long as both sides recognise what they can gain from partnerships and that this accords with their overall institutional priorities. Finally, it gives some examples of successful partnerships and suggests that many of the characteristics of these are not pre-conditions but are aspirations which can be pursued through the lifetime of the partnership itself
Additional file 2: of miR-449a inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation by regulating high-mobility group box protein 1 and forms a mutual inhibition loop with Yin Yang 1 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Creators: name: Cai, Yongsong
name: Jiang, Congshan
name: Zhu, Jialin
name: Xu, Ke
name: Ren, Xiaoyu
name: Xu, Lin
name: Hu, Peijing
name: Wang, Bo
name: Yuan, Qiling
name: Guo, Yuanxu
name: Sun, Jian
name: Xu, Peng
name: Qiu, Yusheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Figure S1. HMGB1 was overexpressed in RA synovial tissue compared with OA tissue. (DOCX 488 kb)
AdS Vacuum Bubbles, Holography and Dual RG Flows
Creators: name: Antonelli, Riccardo
name: Basile, Ivano
name: Bombini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the holographic properties of non-perturbative vacuum decay in Anti-de Sitter ($\mathrm{AdS}$) geometries. To this end, we consider a gravitational theory in a metastable $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ state, which decays into an $\mathrm{AdS}_3$ of lower vacuum energy via bubble nucleation, and we employ the Ryu-Takayanagi conjecture to compute the entanglement entropy $S_\text{ent}$ in its alleged holographic dual. Our analysis leads us to infer that the nucleation and growth of a vacuum bubble correspond, in the boundary theory, to the introduction of a relevant deformation and a subsequent Renormalization Group (RG) flow, where $S_\text{ent}$ provides a $c$-function. We provide further evidence for the claim and comment on the holographic interpretation of off-centred or multiple bubbles. We also frame the issue in the formalism of Holographic Integral Geometry, discussing the consequences on the structure of the holographic RG flow and recovering the standard holographic RG as a limiting case.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures; references and comments added
Macho Proper Motions From Optical/Infrared Photometry
Creators: name: Gould, Andrew
name: Welch, Douglas L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical/infrared photometry can double the number of proper motion measurements of Massive Compact Objects (MACHOs) relative to single band photometry. The proper motion of a MACHO can be measured by finding the ratio $q$ of the (known) radius of the source star to the Einstein radius of the MACHO, $q=θ_s/θ_e$. A classic method for doing this is to look for the effect on the light curve of the finite size of the source. A modification of this method proposed by Witt (1995) is to look for color changes in the light curve due to the fact that the limb darkening of the source is different in different bands. We demonstrate that the ``classical'' method is not feasible unless the MACHO actually transits the source: if the MACHO passes at say 1.5 source radii, there is still a sizable $\sim 5\%$ effect, but the light curve cannot be distinguished from point-source light curves with different parameters. However, color measurements in $V$ $(0.55\,μ$m) and $H$ $(1.65\,μ$m) reduce the errors by a factor $\sim 120$ and permit proper motion measurements at impact parameters of up to 2 source radii. Color maps in $V-H$ are also useful in the detection of planetary systems. Giant stars have a ``red ring'' in such maps. A planet which transits this ring gives rise to a distinctive signature which can help in the measurement of the planetary system's proper motion.
description: 15 pages, uuencoded postscript, includes 3 figures. Also available at http://www.physics.mcmaster.ca/Welch_Preprints/OIR_mpm.ps
ALLOCATION OF AGGREGATE AND INDIVIDUAL RISKS THROUGH FINANCIAL MARKETS
Creators: name: Magill, Michael
name: Shafer, Wayne
name: Magill, Michael
name: Shafer, Wayne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: We present a canonical pure exchange model of an economy with aggregate and individual risks. We show that the economy always has a basic contingent commodity equilibrium in which prices depend only on aggregate risks. We introduce an information structure and a number which expresses the maximum rate at which information is revealed in any time period (the branching number). We show that if the information structure associated with the aggregate risks is such that the branching number is not greater than the number of trading opportunities in futures (the number of commodities) then generically each basic contingent commodity equilibrium allocation can be achieved as an equilibrium allocation on a system of spot and futures markets for the underlying commodities and insurance markets for the individual risks.