cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Abundance analysis for long-period variables II. RGB and AGB stars in the globular cluster 47\,Tuc
Creators: name: Lebzelter, Thomas
name: Nowotny, Walter
name: Hinkle, Kenneth H.
name: Höfner, Susanne
name: Aringer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars play a key role in the enrichment of galaxies with heavy elements. Due to their large amplitude variability, the measurement of elemental abundances is a highly challenging task that has not been solved in a satisfactory way yet. Following our previous work we use hydrostatic and dynamical model atmospheres to simulate observed high-resolution near-infrared spectra of 12 variable and non-variable red giants in the globular cluster 47 Tuc. The 47 Tuc red giants are independently well-characterized in important parameters (mass, metallicity, luminosity). The principal aim was to compare synthetic spectra based on the dynamical models with observational spectra of 47 Tuc variables. Assuming that the abundances are unchanged on the upper giant branch in these low-mass stars, our goal is to estimate the impact of atmospheric dynamics on the abundance determination. We present new measurements of the C/O and 12C/13C ratio for 5 non-variable red giants in 47Tuc. The equivalent widths measured for our 7 variable stars strongly differ from the non-variable stars and cannot be reproduced by either hydrostatic or dynamical model atmospheres. Nevertheless, the dynamical models fit the observed spectra of long-period variables much better than any hydrostatic model. For some spectral features, the variations in the line intensities predicted by dynamical models over a pulsation cycle give similar values as a sequence of hydrostatic models with varying temperature and constant surface gravity.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
Identification of Effective Subdominant Anti-HIV-1 CD8+ T Cells Within Entire Post-infection and Post-vaccination Immune Responses
Creators: name: Berrong, Mark
name: Ferrari, Guido
name: Frahm, Nicole
name: Goonetilleke, Nilu
name: Tomaras, Georgia D.
name: Bourne, Victoria
name: Yang, Hongbing
name: McElrath, M. Juliana
name: Hancock, Gemma
name: Payne, Tamika L.
name: McMichael, Andrew
name: Hanke, Tomas
name: Yorke, Elisabeth
name: Mothe, Beatriz
name: Frisbee, Alyse
name: Brander, Christian
name: Wainwright, Emma
name: Dorrell, Lucy
name: Chopera, Denis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Defining the components of an HIV immunogen that could induce effective CD8+ T cell responses is critical to vaccine development. We addressed this question by investigating the viral targets of CD8+ T cells that potently inhibit HIV replication in vitro, as this is highly predictive of virus control in vivo. We observed broad and potent ex vivo CD8+ T cell-mediated viral inhibitory activity against a panel of HIV isolates among viremic controllers (VC, viral loads <5000 copies/ml), in contrast to unselected HIV-infected HIV Vaccine trials Network (HVTN) participants. Viral inhibition of clade-matched HIV isolates was strongly correlated with the frequency of CD8+ T cells targeting vulnerable regions within Gag, Pol, Nef and Vif that had been identified in an independent study of nearly 1000 chronically infected individuals. These vulnerable and so-called “beneficial” regions were of low entropy overall, yet several were not predicted by stringent conservation algorithms. Consistent with this, stronger inhibition of clade-matched than mismatched viruses was observed in the majority of subjects, indicating better targeting of clade-specific than conserved epitopes. The magnitude of CD8+ T cell responses to beneficial regions, together with viral entropy and HLA class I genotype, explained up to 59% of the variation in viral inhibitory activity, with magnitude of the T cell response making the strongest unique contribution. However, beneficial regions were infrequently targeted by CD8+ T cells elicited by vaccines encoding full-length HIV proteins, when the latter were administered to healthy volunteers and HIV-positive ART-treated subjects, suggesting that immunodominance hierarchies undermine effective anti-HIV CD8+ T cell responses. Taken together, our data support HIV immunogen design that is based on systematic selection of empirically defined vulnerable regions within the viral proteome, with exclusion of immunodominant decoy epitopes that are irrelevant for HIV control.
Additional file 5 of How much does effective health facility inspection cost? An analysis of the economic costs of Kenya’s Joint Health Inspection innovations
Creators: name: Chege, Timothy
name: Wafula, Francis
name: Tama, Eric
name: Khayoni, Irene
name: Ogira, Dosila
name: Gitau, Njeri
name: Goodman, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5. Breakdown of costs of standard inspections by cost category (2017 USD).
Additional file 4 of How much does effective health facility inspection cost? An analysis of the economic costs of Kenya’s Joint Health Inspection innovations
Creators: name: Chege, Timothy
name: Wafula, Francis
name: Tama, Eric
name: Khayoni, Irene
name: Ogira, Dosila
name: Gitau, Njeri
name: Goodman, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Breakdown of annualized cost of JHI pilot by cost category (2017 USD).
title: Unpacking and rebuilding Dynamic Capabilities theorising through a Complexity ontology: An emperical exploration of the role of contradictions in adapting resources within continuous change
Creators: name: Oladosu, Oladiran
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2024

description: This study explores Dynamic Capabilities (DC) from a Complexity perspective to examine 
how contradictions within routines affect resource modification in a way that allows for 
non-stop change. Seminal DC theory conceptualises higher-order capabilities modifying 
lower-order resources as the DC mechanism that enables dynamic change. However, this 
appears too episodic to explain or deliver non-stop change. When added to the black-box 
perspective on routines in seminal DC theorising, it renders processes for resource 
modification hierarchically structured, outcomes-focused, and, thus, rather undynamic. 
While more recent DC research amplifies the dynamism in routines to emphasise the 
dynamic aspect of capabilities, they neglect both the central issue of resource 
modification and that of top-level strategising. This compromise appears to equate DCs 
with organisational dynamism. Yet, from a complexity perspective, dynamism and
Dynamic Capabilities are inseparable but distinct concepts; DCs are specifically 
characterised by the modification of resources, whereas dynamism connotes change that 
never quite stops. A Complexity perspective, thus, provides an opportunity to understand
how dynamic resource modification delivers the theorised congruence with the non-stop 
change characterising business environments.
This research empirically studies how contradictions and responses to contradictions, 
the mechanism for dynamism in complex systems, are fundamental to the dynamism in 
DCs. By adopting routines as the central focus for studying capabilities, and 
contradictions as the unit of analysis, the study used Action Research and Learning 
Histories to surface how and when interactive reactions to contradictions modify 
resources and when they do not. Findings show that resource modification is actually a 
variation of dynamic actions, which are, in turn, proactive and reactive interactions with 
contradictions, making resource modification inherently dynamic, albeit based on a 
paradox mindset and (in) interrelationships. This replaces the separation of higher- and 
lower-order modification theories and renders DCs as an individual-level phenomenon, 
irrespective of hierarchical structure.
Stroboscopic detection of nuclear resonance in an arbitrary scattering channel
Creators: name: Deák, L.
name: Bottyán, L.
name: Callens, R.
name: Coussement, R.
name: Major, M.
name: Nasu, S.
name: Serdons, I.
name: Spiering, H.
name: Yoda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of heterodyne/stroboscopic detection of nuclear resonance scattering is developed, starting from the total scattering matrix as a product of the matrix of the reference sample and the sample under study. This general approach holds for any dynamical scattering channel. The forward channel, which is discussed in detail in the literature, reveals the speciality that electronic scattering causes only an energy independent diminution of the intensity. For all other channels, complex resonance line shapes in the heterodyne/stroboscopic spectra - as a result of interference of electronic and nuclear scattering - is encountered. The grazing incidence case is evaluated and described in detail. Experimetal data of classical grazing incidence reflection and their stroboscopic detection on [natFe/57Fe]10 and antiferromagnetic [57Fe/Cr]20 multilayers are fitted simultaneously.
description: 23 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses iucr.sty
KSHV Latency Locus Cooperates with Myc to Drive Lymphoma in Mice
Creators: name: Sin, Sang-Hoon
name: Eason, Anthony
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Kim, Yongbaek
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been linked to Kaposi sarcoma and B-cell malignancies. Mechanisms of KSHV-induced oncogenesis remain elusive, however, in part due to lack of reliable in vivo models. Recently, we showed that transgenic mice expressing the KSHV latent genes, including all viral microRNAs, developed splenic B cell hyperplasia with 100% penetrance, but only a fraction converted to B cell lymphomas, suggesting that cooperative oncogenic events were missing. Myc was chosen as a possible candidate, because Myc is deregulated in many B cell lymphomas. We crossed KSHV latency locus transgenic (latency) mice to Cα Myc transgenic (Myc) mice. By itself these Myc transgenic mice develop lymphomas only rarely. In the double transgenic mice (Myc/latency) we observed plasmacytosis, severe extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen and liver, and increased proliferation of splenocytes. Myc/latency mice developed frank lymphoma at a higher rate than single transgenic latency or Myc mice. These data indicate that the KSHV latency locus cooperates with the deregulated Myc pathways to further lymphoma progression.
Constraining duty cycles through a Bayesian technique
Creators: name: Romano, P.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Segreto, A.
name: Ducci, L.
name: Vercellone, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The duty cycle (DC) of astrophysical sources is generally defined as the fraction of time during which the sources are active. However, DCs are generally not provided with statistical uncertainties, since the standard approach is to perform Monte Carlo bootstrap simulations to evaluate them, which can be quite time consuming for a large sample of sources. As an alternative, considerably less time-consuming approach, we derived the theoretical expectation value for the DC and its error for sources whose state is one of two possible, mutually exclusive states, inactive (off) or flaring (on), as based on a finite set of independent observational data points. Following a Bayesian approach, we derived the analytical expression for the posterior, the conjugated distribution adopted as prior, and the expectation value and variance. We applied our method to the specific case of the inactivity duty cycle (IDC) for supergiant fast X-ray transients. We also studied IDC as a function of the number of observations in the sample. Finally, we compare the results with the theoretical expectations. We found excellent agreement with our findings based on the standard bootstrap method. Our Bayesian treatment can be applied to all sets of independent observations of two-state sources, such as active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries, etc. In addition to being far less time consuming than bootstrap methods, the additional strength of this approach becomes obvious when considering a well-populated class of sources ($N_{\rm src} \geq 50$) for which the prior can be fully characterized by fitting the distribution of the observed DCs for all sources in the class, so that, through the prior, one can further constrain the DC of a new source by exploiting the information acquired on the DC distribution derived from the other sources. [Abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Supporting material at http://www.ifc.inaf.it/~romano/Sfxts/IDCSims/index.html
Staphylococcus aureus Leukocidin A/B (LukAB) Kills Human Monocytes via Host NLRP3 and ASC when Extracellular, but Not Intracellular
Creators: name: James, David B. A.
name: Duncan, Joseph A.
name: Melehani, Jason H.
name: DuMont, Ashley L.
name: Torres, Victor J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Staphylococcus aureus infections are a growing health burden worldwide, and paramount to this bacterium’s pathogenesis is the production of virulence factors, including pore-forming leukotoxins. Leukocidin A/B (LukAB) is a recently discovered toxin that kills primary human phagocytes, though the underlying mechanism of cell death is not understood. We demonstrate here that LukAB is a major contributor to the death of human monocytes. Using a variety of in vitro and ex vivo intoxication and infection models, we found that LukAB activates Caspase 1, promotes IL-1β secretion and induces necrosis in human monocytes. Using THP1 cells as a model for human monocytes, we found that the inflammasome components NLRP3 and ASC are required for LukAB-mediated IL-1β secretion and necrotic cell death. S. aureus was shown to kill human monocytes in a LukAB dependent manner under both extracellular and intracellular ex vivo infection models. Although LukAB-mediated killing of THP1 monocytes from extracellular S. aureus requires ASC, NLRP3 and the LukAB-receptor CD11b, LukAB-mediated killing from phagocytosed S. aureus is independent of ASC or NLRP3, but dependent on CD11b. Altogether, this study provides insight into the nature of LukAB-mediated killing of human monocytes. The discovery that S. aureus LukAB provokes differential host responses in a manner dependent on the cellular contact site is critical for the development of anti-infective/anti-inflammatory therapies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Additional file 1 of Explainable machine learning approach to predict extubation in critically ill ventilated patients: a retrospective study in central Taiwan
Creators: name: Pai, Kai-Chih
name: Su, Shao-An
name: Chan, Ming-Cheng
name: Wu, Chieh-Liang
name: Chao, Wen-Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Flow diagram of the analytic pipeline in the study. Supplemental Figure 2. Illustration of the study design and the time frame with right alignment. Subjects were aligned at the alignment point that was extubation-day or one random-day in those without extubation. The data within prediction window (day -3 and day -2 prior to extubation-day) were collected, and the prediction window reflects the time of the prediction ahead of extubation. Supplemental Figure 3. Recursive feature elimination to explore the accuracy of model using distinct numbers of the feature to predict extubation in critically ill ventilated patients. Supplemental Figure 4. Histograms of hospital length of stay (A) and ventilator-day (B) among enrolled subjects. Supplemental Figure 5. Serial explainable predictions of one individual patient. Supplemental Figure 6. Extubation outcome of extubation in the 3,657 critically ill ventilated patients with extubation during admission. Supplemental Table 1. Plausible range of data and proportion of missing data among the top 20 features with high feature importance. Supplemental Table 2. Metrics of performance of distinct machine learning models to predict weaning. Supplemental Table 3. Delong test to determine the difference of performance among distinct machine learning models.
Chemical modeling of exoplanet atmospheres
Creators: name: Venot, Olivia
name: Agúndez, Marcelino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past twenty years have revealed the diversity of planets that exist in the Universe. It turned out that most of exoplanets are different from the planets of our Solar System and thus, everything about them needs to be explored. Thanks to current observational technologies, we are able to determine some information about the atmospheric composition, the thermal structure and the dynamics of these exoplanets, but many questions remain still unanswered. To improve our knowledge about exoplanetary systems, more accurate observations are needed and that is why the Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO) is an essential space mission. Thanks to its large spectral coverage and high spectral resolution, EChO will provide exoplanetary spectra with an unprecedented accuracy, allowing to improve our understanding of exoplanets. In this work, we review what has been done to date concerning the chemical modeling of exoplanet atmospheres and what are the main characteristics of warm exoplanet atmospheres, which are one of the main targets of EChO. Finally we will present the ongoing developments that are necessary for the chemical modeling of exoplanet atmospheres.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted in Experimental Astronomy, Special Issue EChO
Families of stationary modes in complex potentials
Creators: name: Konotop, Vladimir V.
name: Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a general class of complex asymmetric potentials of the form $ w^2(x)-iw_x(x)$, where $w(x)$ is a real function, allows for the existence of one-parametric continuous families of the stationary nonlinear modes bifurcating from the linear spectrum and propagating in Kerr media. As an example, we introduce an asymmetric double-hump complex potential and show that it supports continuous families of stable nonlinear modes.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; accepted for Optics Letters http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/home.cfm
Yersinia pestis Activates Both IL-1β and IL-1 Receptor Antagonist to Modulate Lung Inflammation during Pneumonic Plague
Creators: name: Stasulli, Nikolas M.
name: Goldman, William E.
name: Miao, Edward A.
name: Sivaraman, Vijay
name: Pechous, Roger D.
name: Eichelberger, Kara R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Pneumonic plague is the most rapid and lethal form of Yersinia pestis infection. Increasing evidence suggests that Y. pestis employs multiple levels of innate immune evasion and/or suppression to produce an early “pre-inflammatory” phase of pulmonary infection, after which the disease is highly inflammatory in the lung and 100% fatal. In this study, we show that IL-1β/IL-18 cytokine activation occurs early after bacteria enter the lung, and this activation eventually contributes to pulmonary inflammation and pathology during the later stages of infection. However, the inflammatory effects of IL-1β/IL-1-receptor ligation are not observed during this first stage of pneumonic plague. We show that Y. pestis also activates the induction of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and this activation likely contributes to the ability of Y. pestis to establish the initial pre-inflammatory phase of disease.
Optical and Structural Properties of Ultra-thin Gold Films
Creators: name: Kossoy, Anna
name: Merk, Virginia
name: Simakov, Denis
name: Leosson, Kristjan
name: Kéna-Cohen, Stéphane
name: Maier, Stefan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing laterally continuous ultra-thin gold films on transparent substrates is a challenge of significant technological importance. In the present work, formation of ultra-thin gold films on fused silica is studied, demonstrating how suppression of island formation and reduction of plasmonic absorption can be achieved by treating substrates with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane prior to deposition. Void-free fi lms with deposition thickness as low as 5.4 nm are realized and remain structurally stable at room temperature. Based on detailed structural analysis of the fi lms by specular and diffuse X-ray reflectivity measurements, it is shown that optical transmission properties of continuous ultra-thin films can be accounted for using the bulk dielectric function of gold. However, it is important to take into account the non-abrupt transition zone between the metal and the surrounding dielectrics, which extends through several lattice constants for the laterally continuous ultra-thin films (film thickness below 10 nm). This results in a significant reduction of optical transmission, as compared to the case of abrupt interfaces. These findings imply that the atomic-scale interface structure plays an important role when continuous ultra-thin films are considered, e.g., as semi-transparent electrical contacts, since optical transmission deviates significantly from the theoretical predictions for ideal films.
description: appears in Advanced Optical Materials 2014
Cos4Cloud: its story and legacy for the citizen science community
Creators: name: Justamante, Ángela
name: Liñán, Sonia
name: Soacha, Karen
name: Piera, Jaume
name: Cartas, Claudia Fabó
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: citizen science
citizen observatories
education
technology
co-design
open science
European Open Science Cloud
EOSC
Cos4Cloud
Horizon2020

description: This is an infographic explaining the Cos4Cloud ‘journey’ and legacy. In particular, it describes in a few interactive and visual slides the Cos4Cloud story from the beginning until the end; you will understand the project value, what challenges the project has addressed in the citizen science context and which products, services, methodologies and results Cos4Cloud has produced for anyone to use them. You can also access the interactive version: https://cos4cloud-eosc.eu/infographic/
RAFT polymerization of temperature- and salt-responsive block copolymers as reversible hydrogels
Creators: name: Bunyard, W. Clayton
name: Smith, Adam E.
name: Hemp, Sean T.
name: Long, Timothy E.
name: Rubinstein, Michael H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization enabled the synthesis of novel, stimuli-responsive, AB and ABA block copolymers. The B block contained oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEG) and was permanently hydrophilic in the conditions examined. The A block consisted of diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (DEG) and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (TMA). The A block displayed both salt- and temperature-response with lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) dependent on the molar content of TMA and the presence of salt. Higher TMA content in the AB diblock copolymers increased the critical micelle temperatures (CMT) in HPLC-grade water due to an increased hydrophilicity of the A block. Upon addition of 0.9 wt% NaCl, the CMTs of poly(OEG-b-DEG95TMA5) decreased from 50 °C to 36 °C due to screening of electrostatic repulsion between the TMA units. ABA triblock copolymers displayed excellent hydrogel properties with salt- and temperature-dependent gel points. TMA incorporation in the A block increased the gel points for all triblock copolymers, and salt-response increased with higher TMA composition in the A block. For example, poly(DEG98TMA2-b-OEG-b-DEG98TMA2) formed a hydrogel at 40 °C in HPLC-grade water and 26 °C in 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. These salt- and temperature-responsive AB diblock and ABA triblock copolymers find applications as drug delivery vehicles, adhesives, and hydrogels.
The colors of satellite galaxies in the Illustris Simulation
Creators: name: Sales, Laura V.
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Genel, Shy
name: Torrey, Paul
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente
name: Wang, Wenting
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Sijacki, Debora
name: Springel, Volker
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observationally, the fraction of blue satellite galaxies decreases steeply with host halo mass, and their radial distribution around central galaxies is significantly shallower in massive (M_* >10e11M_sun) than in Milky Way like systems. Theoretical models, based primarily on semi-analytical techniques, have had a long-standing problem with reproducing these trends, instead predicting too few blue satellites in general but also estimating a radial distribution that is too shallow, regardless of primary mass. In this Letter, we use the Illustris cosmological simulation to study the properties of satellite galaxies around isolated primaries. For the first time, we find good agreement between theory and observations. We identify the main source of this success relative to earlier work to be a consequence of the large gas contents of satellites at infall, a factor ~5-10 times larger than in semi-analytical models. Because of their relatively large gas reservoirs, satellites can continue to form stars long after infall, with a typical timescale for star-formation to be quenched ~2 Gyr in groups but more than ~5 Gyr for satellites around Milky Way like primaries. The gas contents we infer are consistent with z=0 observations of HI gas in galaxies, although we find large discrepancies among reported values in the literature. A testable prediction of our model is that the gas-to-stellar mass ratio of satellite progenitors should vary only weakly with cosmic time.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Additional file 2 of PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble
Creators: name: Sharma, Medha
name: Dey, Chinmoy Sankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Effect of PHLPP1 silencing on N2A cells.
A Cognitive-Social Model of Fertility Intentions
Creators: name: Bachrach, Christine A.
name: Morgan, S. Philip
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We examine the use and value of fertility intentions against the backdrop of theory and research in the cognitive and social sciences. First, we draw on recent brain and cognition research to contextualize fertility intentions within a broader set of conscious and unconscious mechanisms that contribute to mental function. Next, we integrate this research with social theory. Our conceptualizations suggest that people do not necessarily have fertility intentions; they form them only when prompted by specific situations. Intention formation draws on the current situation and on schemas of childbearing and parenthood learned through previous experience, imbued by affect, and organized by self-representation. Using this conceptualization, we review apparently discordant knowledge about the value of fertility intentions in predicting fertility. Our analysis extends and deepens existing explanations for the weak predictive validity of fertility intentions at the individual level and provides a social-cognitive explanation for why intentions predict as well as they do. When focusing on the predictive power of intentions at the aggregate level, our conceptualizations lead us to focus on how social structures frustrate or facilitate intentions and how the structural environment contributes to the formation of reported intentions in the first place. Our analysis suggests that existing measures of fertility intentions are useful but to varying extents and in many cases despite their failure to capture what they seek to measure.
On colored HOMFLY polynomials for twist knots
Creators: name: Mironov, A.
name: Morozov, A.
name: Morozov, An.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results of J.Gu and H.Jockers provide the lacking initial conditions for the evolution method in the case of the first non-trivially colored HOMFLY polynomials H_{[21]} for the family of twist knots. We describe this application of the evolution method, which finally allows one to penetrate through the wall between (anti)symmetric and non-rectangular representations for a whole family. We reveal the necessary deformation of the differential expansion, what, together with the recently suggested matrix model approach gives new opportunities to guess what it could be for a generic representation, at least for the family of twist knots.
description: 8 pages
The Research Software Directory - Launch Event
Creators: name: Maassen, Jason
name: Jong, Maaike
name: Mijatovic, Dusan
name: Cahen, Ewan Jacov
name: Gonzalez, Jesus Garcia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Software
FAIR
Research software visibility
Research software impact
Research software recognition
Research software reuse

description: The is the Launch presentation for the Research Software Directory (as a service), a content management system that is tailored to presenting research software online. Its main goal is to increase the visibility, impact and reuse of research software.
China's New Demographic Reality: Learning from the 2010 Census
Creators: name: Cai, Yong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The paper provides an examination of China’s 2010 census data to evaluate its quality and to assess China’s demographic situation. The demographic trends revealed by the new census data suggest that China has entered a new demographic era characterized by prolonged low fertility, elevated sex ratios, rapid aging, fast urbanization and major geographic redistribution. How China responses to these demographic challenges will have profound implications for its social and economic future.
On the time optimal thermalization of single mode Gaussian states
Creators: name: Carlini, Alberto
name: Mari, Andrea
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of time optimal control of a continuous bosonic quantum system subject to the action of a Markovian dissipation. In particular, we consider the case of a one mode Gaussian quantum system prepared in an arbitrary initial state and which relaxes to the steady state due to the action of the dissipative channel. We assume that the unitary part of the dynamics is represented by Gaussian operations which preserve the Gaussian nature of the quantum state, i.e. arbitrary phase rotations, bounded squeezing and unlimited displacements. In the ideal ansatz of unconstrained quantum control (i.e. when the unitary phase rotations, squeezing and displacement of the mode can be performed instantaneously), we study how control can be optimized for speeding up the relaxation towards the fixed point of the dynamics and we analytically derive the optimal relaxation time. Our model has potential and interesting applications to the control of modes of electromagnetic radiation and of trapped levitated nanospheres.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 3 of PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble
Creators: name: Sharma, Medha
name: Dey, Chinmoy Sankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Effect of PHLPP2 silencing on N2A cells.
Declining fertility on the frontier: the Ecuadorian Amazon
Creators: name: Bilsborrow, Richard E.
name: Pan, William K. Y.
name: Carr, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This paper examines farm and household characteristics associated with a rapid fertility decline in a forest frontier of the Ecuadorian Amazon. The Amazon basin and other rainforests in the tropics are among the last frontiers in the ongoing global fertility transition. The pace of this transition along agricultural frontiers will likely have major implications for future forest transitions, rural development, and ultimately urbanization in frontier areas. The study here is based upon data from a probability sample of 172 women who lived on the same farm in 1990 and 1999. These data are from perhaps the first region-wide longitudinal survey of fertility in an agricultural frontier. Descriptive analyses indicate that fertility has plummeted in the region, which is surprising since it had remained high and unchanging among migrant colonists up to 1990. Thus only half of the women in our sample reported having a birth during the 1990-1999 time period, and most women report in 1999 that they do not want to have any more children. Analyses, controlling for women's age, corroborate hypotheses about land-fertility relations. For example, women from households with a legal land title had fewer than half as many children as those from households without a title. Large cattle (pasture) holdings and hiring laborers to work on the farm (which may replace household labor) are both related to socio-economic status that is traditionally associated with lower fertility. Similarly, distance to the nearest community center is positively related to fertility. Factors negatively related to fertility include increasing temporary out-migration of adult men or women from the household, asset accumulation, and access to electricity.
Understanding the Unique Assembly History of Central Group Galaxies
Creators: name: Vulcani, Benedetta
name: Bundy, Kevin
name: Lackner, Claire
name: Leauthaud, Alexie
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Mei, Simona
name: Coccato, Lodovico
name: Kneib, Jean Paul
name: Auger, Matthew
name: Nipoti, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Central Galaxies (CGs) in massive halos live in unique environments with formation histories closely linked to that of the host halo. In local clusters they have larger sizes ($R_e$) and lower velocity dispersions (sigma) at fixed stellar mass M_star, and much larger R_e at a fixed $σ$ than field and satellite galaxies (non-CGs). Using spectroscopic observations of group galaxies selected from the COSMOS survey, we compare the dynamical scaling relations of early-type CGs and non-CGs at z~0.6, to distinguish possible mechanisms that produce the required evolution. CGs are systematically offset towards larger R_e at fixed $σ$ compared to non-CGs with similar M_star. The CG R_e-M_star relation also shows differences, primarily driven by a sub-population (~15%) of galaxies with large $R_e$, while the M_star-sigma relations are indistinguishable. These results are accentuated when double Sersic profiles, which better fit light in the outer regions of galaxies, are adopted. They suggest that even group-scale CGs can develop extended components by these redshifts that can increase total $R_e$ and M_star estimates by factors of ~2. To probe the evolutionary link between our sample and cluster CGs, we also analyze two cluster samples at z~0.6 and z~0. We find similar results for the more massive halos at comparable z, but much more distinct CG scaling relations at low-z. Thus, the rapid, late-time accretion of outer components, perhaps via the stripping and accretion of satellites, would appear to be a key feature that distinguishes the evolutionary history of CGs.
description: 18 pages, 14 Figures, ApJ in press
Recent advances in the simulation of particle-laden flows
Creators: name: Harting, Jens
name: Frijters, Stefan
name: Ramaioli, Marco
name: Robinson, Martin
name: Wolf, Dietrich E.
name: Luding, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A substantial number of algorithms exists for the simulation of moving particles suspended in fluids. However, finding the best method to address a particular physical problem is often highly non-trivial and depends on the properties of the particles and the involved fluid(s) together. In this report we provide a short overview on a number of existing simulation methods and provide two state of the art examples in more detail. In both cases, the particles are described using a Discrete Element Method (DEM). The DEM solver is usually coupled to a fluid-solver, which can be classified as grid-based or mesh-free (one example for each is given). Fluid solvers feature different resolutions relative to the particle size and separation. First, a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann algorithm (mesh-based and with rather fine resolution) is presented to study the behavior of particle stabilized fluid interfaces and second, a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics implementation (mesh-free, meso-scale resolution, similar to the particle size) is introduced to highlight a new player in the field, which is expected to be particularly suited for flows including free surfaces.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Scaling Relations for Galaxies Prior to Reionization
Creators: name: Chen, Pengfei
name: Wise, John H.
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Xu, Hao
name: O'Shea, Brian W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first galaxies in the Universe are the building blocks of all observed galaxies. We present scaling relations for galaxies forming at redshifts $z \ge 15$ when reionization is just beginning. We utilize the ``Rarepeak' cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulation that captures the complete star formation history in over 3,300 galaxies, starting with massive Population III stars that form in dark matter halos as small as ~$10^6 M_\odot$. We make various correlations between the bulk halo quantities, such as virial, gas, and stellar masses and metallicities and their respective accretion rates, quantifying a variety of properties of the first galaxies up to halo masses of $10^9 M_\odot$. Galaxy formation is not solely relegated to atomic cooling halos with virial temperatures greater than $10^4$ K, where we find a dichotomy in galaxy properties between halos above and below this critical mass scale. Halos below the atomic cooling limit have a stellar mass -- halo mass relationship $\log M_\star \simeq 3.5 + 1.3\log(M_{\rm vir} / 10^7 M_\odot)$. We find a non-monotonic relationship between metallicity and halo mass for the smallest galaxies. Their initial star formation events enrich the interstellar medium and subsequent star formation to a median of $10^{-2} Z_\odot$ and $10^{-1.5} Z_\odot$, respectively, in halos of total mass $10^7 M_\odot$ that is then diluted by metal-poor inflows, well beyond Population III pre-enrichment levels of $10^{-3.5} Z_\odot$. The scaling relations presented here can be employed in models of reionization, galaxy formation and chemical evolution in order to consider these galaxies forming prior to reionization.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Using stylized agent-based models for population–environment research: a case study from the Galápagos Islands
Creators: name: Jones-Smith, Jessica C.
name: Miller, Brian W.
name: Walsh, Stephen J.
name: Caplow, Susan C.
name: Guzmán-Ramirez, Liza
name: McCleary, Amy L.
name: Breckheimer, Ian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Agent Based Models (ABMs) are powerful tools for population-environment research but are subject to trade-offs between model complexity and abstraction. This study strikes a compromise between abstract and highly specified ABMs by designing a spatially explicit, stylized ABM and using it to explore policy scenarios in a setting that is facing substantial conservation and development challenges. Specifically, we present an ABM that reflects key Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) dynamics and livelihood decisions on Isabela Island in the Galápagos Archipelago of Ecuador. We implement the model using the NetLogo software platform, a free program that requires relatively little programming experience. The landscape is composed of a satellite-derived distribution of a problematic invasive species (common guava) and a stylized representation of the Galápagos National Park, the community of Puerto Villamil, the agricultural zone, and the marine area. The agent module is based on publicly available data and household interviews, and represents the primary livelihoods of the population in the Galápagos Islands – tourism, fisheries, and agriculture. We use the model to enact hypothetical agricultural subsidy scenarios aimed at controlling invasive guava and assess the resulting population and land cover dynamics. Findings suggest that spatially explicit, stylized ABMs have considerable utility, particularly during preliminary stages of research, as platforms for (1) sharpening conceptualizations of population-environment systems, (2) testing alternative scenarios, and (3) uncovering critical data gaps.
Climate variability and human migration in the Netherlands, 1865–1937
Creators: name: Gray, Clark L.
name: Jennings, Julia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Human migration is frequently cited as a potential social outcome of climate change and variability, and these effects are often assumed to be stronger in the past when economies were less developed and markets more localized. Yet, few studies have used historical data to test the relationship between climate and migration directly. In addition, the results of recent studies that link demographic and climate data are not consistent with conventional narratives of displacement responses. Using longitudinal individual-level demographic data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) and climate data that cover the same period, we examine the effects of climate variability on migration using event history models. Only internal moves in the later period and for certain social groups are associated with negative climate conditions, and the strength and direction of the observed effects change over time. International moves decrease with extreme rainfall, suggesting that the complex relationships between climate and migration that have been observed for contemporary populations extend into the nineteenth century.
Additional file 4 of PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble
Creators: name: Sharma, Medha
name: Dey, Chinmoy Sankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Effect of PHLPP 1 or PHLPP2 over-expression on AS160 in insulin signaling and insulin resistant condition in neuronal cells (SHSY-5Y).
Eight billion asteroids in the Oort cloud
Creators: name: Shannon, Andrew
name: Jackson, Alan P.
name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Wyatt, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Oort cloud is usually thought of as a collection of icy comets inhabiting the outer reaches of the Solar system, but this picture is incomplete. We use simulations of the formation of the Oort cloud to show that ~4% of the small bodies in the Oort cloud should have formed within 2.5 au of the Sun, and hence be ice-free rock-iron bodies. If we assume these Oort cloud asteroids have the same size distribution as their cometary counterparts, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope should find roughly a dozen Oort cloud asteroids during ten years of operations. Measurement of the asteroid fraction within the Oort cloud can serve as an excellent test of the Solar system's formation and dynamical history. Oort cloud asteroids could be of particular concern as impact hazards as their high mass density, high impact velocity, and low visibility make them both hard to detect and hard to divert or destroy. However, they should be a rare class of object, and we estimate globally catastrophic collisions should only occur about once per billion years.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal