cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Specific Threonine Phosphorylation of a Host Target by Two Unrelated Type III Effectors Activates a Host Innate Immune Receptor in Plants
Creators: name: Chung, Eui Hwan
name: MacKey, David
name: Gao, Zhiyong
name: Dangl, Jeffery L.
name: Afzal, Ahmed J.
name: Da Cunha, Luis
name: Cherkis, Karen
name: Wu, Ai Jiuan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The Arabidopsis NB-LRR immune receptor RPM1 recognizes the Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors AvrB or AvrRpm1 to mount an immune response. Although neither effector is itself a kinase, AvrRpm1 and AvrB are known to target Arabidopsis RIN4, a negative regulator of basal plant defense, for phosphorylation. We show that RIN4 phosphorylation activates RPM1. RIN4142–176 is necessary, and with appropriate localization sequences, sufficient to support effector-triggered RPM1 activation, with the threonine residue at position 166 being critical. Phosphomimic substitutions at T166 cause effector-independent RPM1 activation. RIN4 T166 is phosphorylated in vivo in the presence of AvrB or AvrRpm1. RIN4 mutants that lose interaction with AvrB cannot be co-immunoprecipitated with RPM1. This defines a common interaction platform required for RPM1 activation by phosphorylated RIN4 in response to pathogenic effectors. Conservation of an analogous threonine across all RIN4-like proteins suggests a key function for this residue beyond the regulation of RPM1.
title: Advanced sequence optimization in Lung MR oncologic application
Creators: name: Lo Tito, Antonio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: MR
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Long scan times limit the number of advanced sequences routinely performed during a magnetic resonance (MR) of the thorax. Our aim was to design and test, in the setting of non small cell lung cancer, an optmized exam protocol with a full set of...
Compressible turbulent mixing: Effects of Schmidt number
Creators: name: Ni, Qionglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the effects of Schmidt number on passive scalar transport in forced compressible turbulence. In the inertial-convective range the scalar spectrum followed the k^{-5/3} power law. For Sc >> 1, there appeared a k^{-1} power law in the viscous-convective range, while for Sc << 1, a k^{-17/3} power law was identified in the inertial-diffusive range. The scaling constant for the mixed third-order structure function of velocity-scalar increment grew over Sc, and the effect of compressibility made it smaller than the classical 4/3 value. At small amplitudes, the PDF of scalar fluctuations collapsed to the Gaussian distribution, whereas at large amplitudes it decayed more quickly than Gaussian. At large scales, the PDF of scalar increment behaved similarly to that of scalar fluctuation, while at small scales it resembled the PDF of scalar gradient. The scalar dissipation occurring at large magnitudes was found to grow with Sc. Due to low molecular diffusivity, for Sc >> 1, the scalar field rolled up and got mixed sufficiently. However, for Sc << 1, the scalar field lost the small-scale structures by high molecular diffusivity, and retained only the large-scale, cloudlike structures. The spectral densities of scalar advection and dissipation in both Sc >> 1 and Sc << 1 flows followed the k^{-5/3} scaling. This indicated that in compressible turbulence the processes of advection and dissipation except that of scalar-dilatation coupling might defer to the Kolmogorov picture. It then showed that at high wavenumbers, the magnitudes of spectral coherency in both Sc >> 1 and Sc << 1 flows decayed faster than the theoretical prediction of k^{-2/3} for incompressible flows. Finally, the comparison with incompressible results showed that the scalar in compressible turbulence with Sc=1 lacked a conspicuous bump structure in its spectrum, but was more intermittent in the dissipative range.
The Chlamydia Protease CPAF Regulates Host and Bacterial Proteins to Maintain Pathogen Vacuole Integrity and Promote Virulence
Creators: name: Ting, Jenny P.Y.
name: Amin, Vishar
name: Valdivia, Raphael H.
name: Jorgensen, Ine
name: Davis, Beckley K.
name: McCafferty, Dewey G.
name: Bednar, Maria M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis injects numerous effector proteins into the epithelial cell cytoplasm to manipulate host functions important for bacterial survival. In addition, the bacterium secretes a serine protease, chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF). Although several CPAF targets are reported, the significance of CPAF-mediated proteolysis is unclear due to the lack of specific CPAF inhibitors and the diversity of host targets. We report that CPAF also targets chlamydial effectors secreted early during the establishment of the pathogen-containing vacuole (“inclusion”). We designed a cell-permeable CPAF-specific inhibitory peptide and used it to determine that CPAF prevents superinfection by degrading early Chlamydia effectors translocated during entry into a pre-infected cell. Prolonged CPAF inhibition leads to loss of inclusion integrity and caspase-1-dependent death of infected epithelial cells. Thus, CPAF functions in niche protection, inclusion integrity and pathogen survival, making the development of CPAF-specific protease inhibitors an attractive anti-chlamydial therapeutic strategy.
Kinematics and structure of mass-transport complexes (MTCs)
Creators: name: Nugraha, Harya Dwi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) are common features in deep-marine environments. Their emplacement can catastrophically displace sediment to continental slope and basin floor, and have a direct impact on society by generating tsunamis and destroying offshore infrastructure. The proliferation of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and three-dimensional seismic reflection data have improved our understanding of their internal form and emplacement processes. However, uncertainties remain in terms of: (i) how MTCs can be used to record plate-scale tectonic and oceanographic processes; (ii) how the volume and flow behaviour of MTCs evolve during their translation, and what controls these changes; (iii) how strain is distributed within MTCs, and its relationship to their internal architecture and geometry; and (iv) what are the implications of MTC emplacement processes for geohazard risk and petroleum system assessments in sedimentary basins. To address these problems, two- and three-dimensional seismic reflection, well, and bathymetry data from the Exmouth Plateau (offshore NW Australia) and the Makassar Strait (offshore Indonesia) are used. This study demonstrates that: (i) MTC emplacement can be associated to periods of increased tectonic activity due to collision and associated closing of an ocean gateway; (ii) dynamic interaction between mass flows and substrate lead to the final volume is three times the initially evacuated volume on average, and the formation of intra-MTC flow cells that can translate with a different speed and runout distance; (iii) strain distribution of an MTC is variable along strike, resulting in the variations of internal architecture and frontal geometry, partly controlled by the basal shear surface depth and morphology; and (iv) changes in MTCs volume and flow behaviour should be considered for tsunami and impact modelling, and heterogeneity of MTCs should be characterised when evaluating their reservoir and seal potential for hydrocarbon systems.
title: Mesenteric panniculitis or retractile mesenteritis: what to do in practice?
Creators: name: Diarra, Daouda
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Colon
subject: Mesentery
subject: CT
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Mammography
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Cancer
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: -Connaître le bilan initial à réaliser au diagnostic et poser les fourchettes diagnostiques différentielles et notamment avec le liposarcome mésentérique et en particulier sa forme lipogénique. - Connaître les aspects radiologiques de la...
Microbiota Regulate Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism of Fatty Acids in the Zebrafish
Creators: name: Rawls, John F.
name: Knight, Rob
name: Farber, Steven A.
name: Carten, Juliana D.
name: MacKey, Lantz C.
name: Stombaugh, Jesse
name: Semova, Ivana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Regulation of intestinal dietary fat absorption is critical to maintaining energy balance. While intestinal microbiota clearly impact the host’s energy balance, their role in intestinal absorption and extra-intestinal metabolism of dietary fat is less clear. Using in vivo imaging of fluorescent fatty acid (FA) analogs delivered to gnotobiotic zebrafish hosts, we reveal that microbiota stimulate FA uptake and lipid droplet (LD) formation in the intestinal epithelium and liver. Microbiota increase epithelial LD number in a diet-dependent manner. The presence of food led to the intestinal enrichment of bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes. Diet-enriched Firmicutes and their products were sufficient to increase epithelial LD number, whereas LD size was increased by other bacterial types. Thus, different members of the intestinal microbiota promote FA absorption via distinct mechanisms. Diet-induced alterations in microbiota composition might influence fat absorption, providing mechanistic insight into how microbiota-diet interactions regulate host energy balance.
Lattice Boltzmann methods for multiphase flow and phase-change heat transfer
Creators: name: Li, Qing
name: Luo, K. H.
name: Kang, Q. J.
name: He, Y. L.
name: Chen, Q.
name: Liu, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past few decades, tremendous progress has been made in the development of particle-based discrete simulation methods versus the conventional continuum-based methods. In particular, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has evolved from a theoretical novelty to a ubiquitous, versatile and powerful computational methodology for both fundamental research and engineering applications. It is a kinetic-based mesoscopic approach that bridges the microscales and macroscales, which offers distinctive advantages in simulation fidelity and computational efficiency. Applications of the LB method have been found in a wide range of disciplines including physics, chemistry, materials, biomedicine and various branches of engineering. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the LB method for thermofluids and energy applications, focusing on multiphase flows, thermal flows and thermal multiphase flows with phase change. The review first covers the theoretical framework of the LB method, revealing the existing inconsistencies and defects as well as common features of multiphase and thermal LB models. Recent developments in improving the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic consistency, reducing the spurious currents, enhancing the numerical stability, etc., are highlighted. These efforts have put the LB method on a firmer theoretical foundation with enhanced LB models that can achieve larger liquid-gas density ratio, higher Reynolds number and flexible surface tension. Examples of applications are provided in fuel cells and batteries, droplet collision, boiling heat transfer and evaporation, and energy storage. Finally, further developments and future prospect of the LB method are outlined for thermofluids and energy applications.
description: a Review, 127 pages, 28 figures, accepted by Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
title: The PRETEXT system in the staging of pediatric liver tumors: what to do in routine practice?
Creators: name: Diarra, Daouda
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Anatomy
subject: Paediatric
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Radiation effects
subject: Radiobiology
subject: Biological effects
subject: Metastases
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Know the PRETEXT grouping system. Classify liver tumors by interpretation on CT, ultrasound with or without additional MRI imaging To divide patients into two risk groups (high risk and...
title: Shifting the Focus to Measurement: A Review of Socially Responsible Investing and Sustainability Indicators
Creators: name: Koenigsmarck, Markus
name: Geissdoerfer, Martin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: An increasing number of investors is including sustainability considerations in their investment processes. This can improve both financial and corporate sustainability performance. The emergence of sustainable investing as an academic research field has been accompanied by considerable interest from the industry. Despite its importance, there is still no uniform understanding of what a socially responsible investment (SRI) comprises. There is a multitude of similar terms that are not clearly defined and delineated, accompanied by a lack of a uniform understanding of how sustainability should be measured in the investment context. The resulting confusion hinders conceptual clarity, a material barrier for both scholarly and practitioner endeavours in the field. We try to address these issues by conducting a structured literature review based on database searches and cross-reference snowballing. We aim to provide a synthesised and unified definition of SRI and ancillary terms and to draw attention to the exact sustainability measurements. We (1) outline the history of the concept, (2) concisely define SRI and related terms, (3) propose a trinomial sustainability indicator framework (the Cambridge SRI indicator framework) for conceptualisation, and (4) use this framework to provide a structured overview of sustainability indicators for SRIs.
(401659) George Laws
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Developments in Marketing Spreads for Food Products in 1977
Creators: name: Dunham, Denis
name: Dunham, Denis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Price spreads
subject: food marketing costs

description: Overall food prices rose 6.3 percent in 1977 over 1976. Grocery store prices climbed 6.0 percent while away-from-home eating prices rose 7.6 percent. Fish and imported foods, particularly coffee, accounted for two-thirds of the 6-per cent increase In grocery store prices. Higher processing and distribution costs accounted for most of the other third. The price rise for domestically produced farm foods was much lower. The retail cost of a market basket of farm foods averaged 2.2 percent higher than in 1976. Nearly all of the increase was accounted for by an increase of 3.3 percent in the farm-retail price spread representing charges for processing and distribution. However, the spread rose much less than prices of marketing inputs, such as labor and food containers, probably due to gains in productivity, greater increases in margins on other products to offset rising costs, and a decline in profit rates of food manufacturers. Returns to farmers for food products averaged about 0.4 percent higher than in 1977, mainly due to higher returns for fresh fruits and vegetables. Farmers received an average of 38.8 cents of each dollar spent by consumers for farm foods in 1977--fractionally lower than in 1976, and 3 cents less than in 1975.
Aptamer-based blood profiling for diagnosis, treatment evaluation and disease severity prediction
Creators: name: Givskov, Asger
name: Dupont, M. Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aptamer
SELEX
Biomakrer
NAFLD
NASH
Plasma profiling
APTASHAPE

description: The poster was presented at The personalised medicine network, Second Annual Meeting, 8th November 2022. Abstract: Daniel Miotto Dupont1, Søren Fjelstrup1, Asger Jørgensen1, Claus Bus1, Mikkel Kjær4, Henning Grønbæk4, Christian Vægter3, Nadia Goncalves3, Thomas Benfield5, Peter Garred6, Maria Møller5, Simone Israelsen5, Håkon Sandholdt5, Cecilie Hansen6, Rasmus Thomsen7, Natasha Michaelsen7, Peter Heegaard8 and Jørgen Kjems1,2.
 1Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), 2Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 3Department of Bio-medicine, Aarhus University, 4Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital, 6Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, 7Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk, 8DTU Health Tech The molecular composition of blood is a reflection of our physiology, health state, lifestyle etc., in many ways a highway of biological information difficult to access. We developed a novel technology, APTASHAPE, to translate this "difficult-to-read" language into readable digital information. APTASHAPE involves the use of panels of small biosensor molecules, 2’-fluoro protected RNA aptamers, to generate imprints of the protein and metabolite signature in a plasma sample. We applied APTASHAPE to profile different cohorts of samples from patients and animal models, and here we present our results in relation to diagnosis and treatment evaluation within Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) as well as prediction of clinical disease severity for patients hospitalised following SARS CoV-2 infection. The technology possesses the potential to measure several disease conditions simultaneously based on a single drop of blood (1 microliter of plasma) and can serve as a health-state measuring and prediction tool. The APTASHAPE technology allows individual evalua-tion of patients and tailors personalised medicine based on the molecular composition of the patient's blood. *The poster is a modified version of the poster previously presented (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7568262). Contact information: Asger Givskov Jørgensen
 asgergivskov@inano.au.dk

description: The poster sections: "For Non-AlcoholicFattyLiver Disease(NAFLD) diagnosis" and "For treatment evaluation" are ODIN projects and is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number NNF20SA0061466).
Functional Modularity of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element Contributes to the Success of USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Clark, Justin R.
name: Thurlow, Lance R.
name: Joshi, Gauri S.
name: Spontak, Jeffrey S.
name: Neely, Crystal J.
name: Maile, Robert
name: Richardson, Anthony R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The successful USA300 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) lineage predominantly causes skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and is highly associated with carriage of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element (ACME). However, the contribution of ACME to USA300 fitness during SSTIs remains incompletely understood. We show that the constitutive ACME-encoded arginine-deiminase system (Arc) allows USA300 to thrive in acidic environments that mimic human skin. Consequently, ACME-Arc drives excessive production of host polyamines, compounds uniquely toxic to S. aureus. To mitigate this, ACME also encodes SpeG, a polyamine-resistance enzyme that is essential for combating excess host polyamines in a murine SSTI model. Inhibiting host polyamine production not only restored ΔspeG persistence within infected wounds but also severely altered the host healing process, implying that polyamines play integral roles in coordinating the wound-healing response. Together, these data underscore the functional modularity of ACME and its contribution to the success of USA300 CA-MRSA.
Tousled-like Kinases Modulate Reactivation of Gammaherpesviruses from Latency
Creators: name: Dillon, Patrick J.
name: Tamburro, Kristen
name: Sanders, Marcia K.
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Raab-Traub, Nancy
name: Damania, Blossom
name: Gregory, Sean M.
name: Johnson, Gary L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked to human malignancies. The majority of tumor cells harbor latent virus and a small percentage undergo spontaneous lytic replication. Both latency and lytic replication are important for viral pathogenesis and spread but the cellular players involved in the switch between the two viral lifecycle phases are not clearly understood. We conducted a siRNA screen targeting the cellular kinome and identified Tousled-like kinases (TLKs) as cellular kinases that control KSHV reactivation from latency. Upon treatment of latent KSHV-infected cells with siRNAs targeting TLKs, we saw robust viral reactivation. Knockdown of TLKs in latent KSHV-infected cells induced expression of viral lytic proteins and production of infectious virus. TLKs were also found to play a role in regulating reactivation from latency of another related oncogenic gammaherpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Our results establish the TLKs as cellular repressors of gammaherpesviral reactivation.
Undulatory microswimmers in complex environments: the effects of fluid composition, swimming gait, and swimmer interactions
Creators: name: Kamal, Arshad Ahmed
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Whether they be spermatozoa in cervical mucus, or {\it C. elegans} in wet soil, swimming cells often negotiate through immersed microstructures that are comparable in size to themselves. Using detailed simulation and data-driven stochastic models, we explore finite-size, planar undulatory swimmers in heterogeneous environments composed of spherical obstacles tethered via linear springs to random points in the plane of locomotion. We examine the impact of spring stiffness, obstacle density and swimmer gait on swimmer motion. Depending on both the environmental and swimmer parameters, we find that interactions with obstacles can enhance swimming speeds, or prevent the swimmer moving at all. We find that swimmers actuated closer to the front can exhibit significant enhanced swimming speeds, while those with rear-actuation have primarily hindered values. We also find that the discrete interactions between the swimmers and the obstacles lead to significant fluctuations in the swimming translational and angular velocity. These fluctuations over time can lead to diffusive behaviour primarily due to a coupling between swimming and rotational diffusion. Using a stochastic model, we quantify the diffusion coefficient resulting from the changes in swimming speed and velocity fluctuations for the different gait types. We observe cases where the swimmer is indefinitely trapped by the environment. We quantify the trapping times for these cases. We find that trapping is most likely at high tether stiffness and high obstacle density, with rear-actuated swimmers producing the shortest trapping times. Where trapping occurs, the mean-trapping times is comparable to the correlation times, suggesting the swimmers, on average, are trapped by the environment before motion is governed by diffusion alone. Finally, in addition to examining the motion of single swimmers in complex environments, we also perform simulations demonstrating how collective dynamics and the flow generated by the swimmer are affected by the presence of the obstacles.
(401654) Angus MacIntosh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the composition ideals of Lipschitz mappings
Creators: name: Saadi, Khalil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B10, 46B28, 47L20

description: We study in this paper some property of Lipschitz mappings which admit factorization through an operator ideal. We try to construct Lipschitz cross-norms from known tensor norms in order to represent certain classes of Lipschitz mappings. Inspired by the definition of p-summing linear operators we introduce a new concpet in the the category of Lipschitz mappings that is called strictly Lipschitz p-summing.
Convergent Targeting of a Common Host Protein-Network by Pathogen Effectors from Three Kingdoms of Life
Creators: name: McDonald, Nathan
name: Ver Loren Van Themaat, Emiel
name: Ecker, Joseph R.
name: Yang, Li
name: Mayer, Klaus F.X.
name: Braun, Pascal
name: Haigis, Sabine
name: Wiley, Kristin
name: Vidal, Marc
name: Schulze-Lefert, Paul
name: Gläßer, Christine
name: Ghamsari, Lila
name: Weßling, Ralf
name: Panstruga, Ralph
name: Epple, Petra
name: Mukhtar, M. Shahid
name: Weigel, Detlef
name: Bader, Kai Christian
name: Dangl, Jeffery L.
name: Henz, Stefan R.
name: Altmann, Stefan
name: He, Yijian
name: Jones, Jonathan D.G.
name: Stephens, Amber E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: While conceptual principles governing plant immunity are becoming clear, its systems-level organization and the evolutionary dynamic of the host-pathogen interface are still obscure. We generated a systematic protein-protein interaction network of virulence effectors from the ascomycete pathogen Golovinomyces orontii and Arabidopsis thaliana host proteins. We combined this dataset with corresponding data for the eubacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. The resulting network identifies host proteins onto which intraspecies and interspecies pathogen effectors converge. Phenotyping of 124 Arabidopsis effector-interactor mutants revealed a correlation between intra- and interspecies convergence and several altered immune response phenotypes. The effectors and most heavily targeted host protein co-localized in sub-nuclear foci. Products of adaptively selected Arabidopsis genes are enriched for interactions with effector targets. Our data suggest the existence of a molecular host-pathogen interface that is conserved across Arabidopsis accessions, while evolutionary adaptation occurs in the immediate network neighborhood of effector targets.
Immunoglobulin Gene Insertions and Deletions in the Affinity Maturation of HIV-1 Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies
Creators: name: Kwong, Peter D.
name: Alam, S. Munir
name: Kepler, Thomas B.
name: Morris, Lynn
name: Lloyd, Krissey E.
name: Bhaskarabhatla, Rekha
name: Fire, Andrew Z.
name: Zhang, Ruijun
name: Wu, Xueling
name: Parks, Robert
name: Walter, Emmanuel
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Kelsoe, Garnett
name: Pritchett, Jamie
name: Anasti, Kara
name: Stewart, Shelley
name: Karim, Salim S.Abdool
name: Solomon, Erika
name: Stolarchuk, Christina
name: Liao, Hua Xin
name: Friberg, Emma
name: Haynes, Barton F.
name: Altae-Tran, Han R.
name: Yandava, Chandri
name: Georgiev, Ivelin S.
name: Boyd, Scott D.
name: Mascola, John R.
name: Moody, M. Anthony
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Induction of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development but has remained challenging partially due to unusual traits of bnAbs, including high somatic hypermutation (SHM) frequencies and in-frame insertions and deletions (indels). Here we examined the propensity and functional requirement for indels within HIV-1 bnAbs. High-throughput sequencing of the immunoglobulin (Ig) VHDJH genes in HIV-1 infected and uninfected individuals revealed that the indel frequency was elevated among HIV-1-infected subjects, with no unique properties attributable to bnAb-producing individuals. This increased indel occurrence depended only on the frequency of SHM point-mutations. Indel-encoded regions were generally proximal to antigen binding sites. Additionally, reconstruction of a HIV-1 CD4-binding site bnAb clonal lineage revealed that a large compound VHDJH indel was required for bnAb activity. Thus, vaccine development should focus on designing regimens targeted at sustained activation of bnAb lineages to achieve the required SHM and indel events.
Principal categories recognizable among alien species collected by Ulisse Aldrovandi from Botanical memory: five centuries of floristic changes revealed by a Renaissance herbarium (Ulisse Aldrovandi, 1551–1586)
Creators: name: Buldrini, Fabrizio
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Mossetti, Umberto
name: Muzzi, Enrico
name: Pezzi, Giovanna
name: Soldano, Adriano
name: Nascimbene, Juri
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: List of the principal categories that can be recognized among the alien species registered by Ulisse Aldrovandi (XVI century) in the territory of Bologna. For every category some examples are reported.
Revisión sistemática sobre Análisis del Desarrollo Psicomotor en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes Institucionalizados desde la perspectiva de Terapia Ocupacional
Creators: name: Ayulef, Natalia
name: Galaz, Josefa
name: Lleufo, Javiera
name: Vergara, Katherinne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420104
subject: Occupational therapy

description: El protocolo de revisión sistemática se realizó a través de la utilización de bases de datos ScienceDirect, PubMed y el buscador Google Académico, donde se buscaron las ecuaciones de cada autora, seleccionando los títulos finales que se utilizarán en esta investigación. El proceso se distribuyó entre las cuatro integrantes del equipo, asignando a cada una la búsqueda de cuatro a cinco ecuaciones en idiomas inglés, portugués y español con 10 años de antigüedad. El objetivo del protocolo es minimizar el sesgo, donde los resultados obtenidos por cada miembro fueron verificados en pareja
title: Potential Use of Bio-Oleogel as Phase Change Material
Creators: name: Lorenzo, Natasha Dantas
name: Kuhn, Leonardo Seibert
name: Guimarães, Túlio Caetano
name: Sam, Mona Nazari
name: Mankel, Christoph
name: Caggiano, Antonio
name: Koenders, Eduardus
name: Nunes, Cleiton Antonio
name: Ferreira, Saulo Rocha
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Two bio-oleogels were investigated. These materials were produced with a combination of canola and soybean oil with 4, 6, 8, and 10% of beeswax (by weight). Sensible heat storage capacity, melting parameters, and enthalpies were investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test. An ordinary DSC dynamic test was performed. Cycles of heating and cooling were performed, as well as tests with different heating rates. According to the results, the materials present a melting temperature between −16 to −12 °C and a total latent heat between 22.9 and 367.6 J/g. BC10 (canola oil with 10% beeswax) was the sample with the best performance, with a latent heat of 367.6 J/g and a melting temperature of −13.6 °C, demonstrating its possible use as a phase change material for cold storage.
Salep as a biological source for the synthesis of biochar with utility for the catalysis
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Samaheh Sadjadi
name: Kahangi, Fatemeh Ghoreyshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Hydrothermal carbonization of salep as a domestic biosource was carried out to afford a biochar, BC, with exceptional catalytic activity. BC can be further magnetized by incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles to furnish a magnetic catalyst, BC‐Fe, with improved recovery and recyclability for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes in the absence of any precious metal. BC‐Fe was also applied as a catalyst support for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles and development of an efficient, biocompatible and cost‐effective catalyst, Pd@BC‐Fe, with utility for the oxidation of benzyl alcohols under mild reaction condition in a selective manner to afford corresponding acids in high yields. The study of the recyclability of the catalyst confirmed high recyclability of Pd@BC‐Fe.
Modelling of kinetic effects in parallel transport in the tokamak scrape-off layer
Creators: name: Mijin, Stefan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Heat flow onto divertor targets in the tokamak represents one of the main design problems in current fusion research. Excessive heat loads, especially during violent transient events, can significantly damage the plasma-facing components. In order to mitigate the heat load it is beneficial to run the tokamak in a detached regime. This involves formation of a neutral cloud in front of the divertor targets that protects the surface material. Thus interaction of the plasma with the detached neutrals becomes important.Energy, on its way to the divertor targets, travels through the boundary region of the tokamak, the Scrape-Off Layer. The main transport direction is parallel to the open magnetic field lines of the Scrape-Off Layer. Fluid models are routinely used to simulate particle and energy transport in the boundary region, but these fail to capture kinetic effects, which have been linked to discrepancies between said fluid model predictions and experimental data[1]. Kinetic/non-local effects have been observed in simulations of parallel transport, including heat flux suppression and enhancement[2], as well as effects on ionisation rates[3]. The plasma sheath at the divertor target is also affected by non-local phenomena[4,5]. Exploring how kinetic effects change facets of parallel transport, and especially how they cause departure from widely used fluid models, is important in furthering our understanding of heat load issues, which are critical to future machine design.In this thesis, a novel framework for studying electron kinetic effects in parallel transport is developed, with special focus on the proper treatment of the sheath boundary condition and inelastic collisions, and the capability of self-consistent comparison between a kinetic and fluid model. This framework is implemented in the new electron kinetic code SOL-KiT, and details on the model and numerics, as well as benchmarking, are presented.With the developed code, a systematic power scan study of non-local effects in both equilibria and transients has been conducted. Kinetic effects are found to be especially prominent in the interaction of transients with detachment, where heating due to fast particles, heat flux suppression, as well as modification of ionisation rates have been observed.
Implications of Unitarity and Charge Breaking Minima in Left-Right Symmetric Model
Creators: name: Mondal, Tanmoy
name: Dey, Ujjal Kumar
name: Konar, Partha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the usefulness of the unitarity conditions in Left-Right symmetric model which can translate into giving a stronger constraint on the model parameters together with the criteria derived from vacuum stability and perturbativity. In this light, we demonstrate the bounds on the masses of the physical scalars present in the model and find the scenario where multiple scalar modes are in the reach of Large Hadron Collider. We also analyse the additional conditions that can come from charge breaking minima in this context.
description: v2: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D, reference added, minor change in the text, 16 pages, 2 figures
Canonical Inflammasomes Drive IFN-γ to Prime Caspase-11 in Defense against a Cytosol-Invasive Bacterium
Creators: name: Kajiwara, Yuji
name: Aderem, Alan
name: Aachoui, Youssef
name: Buxbaum, Joseph D.
name: Coers, Jörn
name: Mao, Dat
name: Ting, Jenny P.Y.
name: Leaf, Irina A.
name: Miao, Edward A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: SummaryThe inflammatory caspases 1 and 11 are activated in response to different agonists and act independently to induce pyroptosis. In the context of IL-1β/IL-18 secretion, however, in vitro studies indicate that caspase-11 acts upstream of NLRP3 and caspase-1. By contrast, studying infection in vivo by the cytosol-invasive bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis, we find that caspase-1 activity is required upstream of caspase-11 to control infection. Caspase-1-activated IL-18 induces IFN-γ to prime caspase-11 and rapidly clear B. thailandensis infection. In the absence of IL-18, bacterial burdens persist, eventually triggering other signals that induce IFN-γ. Whereas IFN-γ was essential, endogenous type I interferons were insufficient to prime caspase-11. Although mice transgenic for caspase-4, the human ortholog of caspase-11, cleared B. thailandensis in vivo, they did not strictly require IFN-γ priming. Thus, caspase-1 provides priming signals upstream of caspase-11 but not caspase-4 during murine defense against a cytosol-invasive bacterium.
OZOD SHARAFIDDINOVNING "O'LSAM AYRILMASMAN QUCHOQLARINGDAN" MA'QOLASIDAGI MA'NAVIYATGA OID LEKSIK BIRLIKLAR
Creators: name: Sayfullayeva, Fotima
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada "O'lsam ayrilmasman quchoqlaringdan" asaridagi ma'naviyatga oid birliklarning ma'noviy guruhlari ajratib olinib, leksik-semantik jihatdan tahlil qilindi. Mazkur maqolaning o'quvchilar ma'naviy tarbiyasidagi ahamiyati, ta'siri haqida fikr-mulohazalar yuritilib, "vatanparvarlik" ma'noviy guruhiga oid birliklarning faol qo'llanishi tahlil etildi.
(401655) Alexander [wife's brother]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Isolation and Characterization of Broad and Ultrapotent Human Monoclonal Antibodies with Therapeutic Activity against Chikungunya Virus
Creators: name: Silva, Laurie A.
name: Kose, Nurgun
name: Pal, Pankaj
name: Diamond, Michael S.
name: Doranz, Benjamin J.
name: McGee, Charles E.
name: Kahle, Kristen M.
name: Sapparapu, Gopal
name: Swayne, Sherri
name: Brien, James D.
name: Dermody, Terence S.
name: Ashbrook, Alison W.
name: Fong, Rachel H.
name: Flyak, Andrew I.
name: Smith, Scott A.
name: Heise, Mark T.
name: Fox, Julie M.
name: Khomandiak, Solomiia
name: Crowe, James E.
name: Austin, S. Kyle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted RNA virus that causes acute febrile infection associated with polyarthralgia in humans. Mechanisms of protective immunity against CHIKV are poorly understood, and no effective therapeutics or vaccines are available. We isolated and characterized human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize CHIKV infectivity. Among the 30 mAbs isolated, 13 had broad and ultrapotent neutralizing activity (IC50 < 10 ng/mL), and all of these mapped to domain A of the E2 envelope protein. Potent inhibitory mAbs blocked post-attachment steps required for CHIKV membrane fusion, and several were protective in a lethal challenge model in immunocompromised mice, even when administered at late time points after infection. These highly protective mAbs could be considered for prevention or treatment of CHIKV infection, and their epitope location in domain A of E2 could be targeted for rational structure-based vaccine development.
Observing the Rosensweig instability of a quantum ferrofluid
Creators: name: Kadau, Holger
name: Schmitt, Matthias
name: Wenzel, Matthias
name: Wink, Clarissa
name: Maier, Thomas
name: Ferrier-Barbut, Igor
name: Pfau, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferrofluids show unusual hydrodynamic effects due to the magnetic nature of their constituents. For increasing magnetization a classical ferrofluid undergoes a Rosensweig instability and creates self-organized ordered surface structures or droplet crystals. A Bose-Einstein condensate with strong dipolar interactions is a quantum ferrofluid that also shows superfluidity. The field of dipolar quantum gases is motivated by the search for new phases that break continuous symmetries. The simultaneous breaking of continuous symmetries like the phase invariance for the superfluid state and the translational symmetry for a crystal provides the basis of novel states of matter. However, interaction-induced crystallization in a superfluid has not been observed. Here we use in situ imaging to directly observe the spontaneous transition from an unstructured superfluid to an ordered arrangement of droplets in an atomic dysprosium Bose-Einstein condensate. By utilizing a Feshbach resonance to control the interparticle interactions, we induce a finite-wavelength instability and observe discrete droplets in a triangular structure, growing with increasing atom number. We find that these states are surprisingly long-lived and measure a hysteretic behaviour, which is typical for a crystallization process and in close analogy to the Rosensweig instability. Our system can show both superfluidity and, as shown here, spontaneous translational symmetry breaking. The presented observations do not probe superfluidity in the structured states, but if the droplets establish a common phase via weak links, this system is a very good candidate for a supersolid ground state.
title: Online Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis of Lipids in Natural Samples: A Proof-of-Concept Profiling Lecithin in Seeds
Creators: name: Borsatto, João V. B.
name: Maciel, Edvaldo V. S.
name: Cifuentes, Alejandro
name: Lanças, Fernando M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Sample preparation is usually a complex and time-consuming procedure, which can directly affect the quality of the analysis. Recent efforts have been made to establish analytical methods involving minimal sample preparation, automatized and performed online with the analytical techniques. Online Extraction coupled with Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (OLE–LC–MS) allows a fully connected extraction, separation, and analysis system. In this work, the lecithin profile was investigated in commercial sunflower, almonds, peanuts, and pistachio seeds to demonstrate that the concept of extraction, followed by the online analysis of the extract, could be applied to analyze this class of analytes in such complex solid matrices without a prior off-line solvent extraction step. The extraction phase gradient method was optimized. Two different analytical columns were explored, one being a conventional C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm SPP) and the other a novel self-packed SIGO-C18ec (100 × 0.5, 5 µm FPP), which resulted in better separation. The analysis repeatability was investigated, and suggestions to improve it were pointed out. A characteristic ion with a m/z of 184, related to lysophosphatidylcholine structure, was used to identify the lecithin compounds. The temperature effect on the chromatograms was also explored. In short, it was found that the OLE–LC–MS approach is suitable for the analysis of lecithin compounds in seeds, being a promising alternative for lipidomics approaches in the near future.
miR-122 Stimulates Hepatitis C Virus RNA Synthesis by Altering the Balance of Viral RNAs Engaged in Replication versus Translation
Creators: name: Kato, Takanobu
name: Masaki, Takahiro
name: Moorman, Nathaniel J.
name: Wakita, Takaji
name: Li, You
name: Yamane, Daisuke
name: Arend, Kyle C.
name: Lemon, Stanley M.
name: McGivern, David R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The liver-specific microRNA, miR-122, stabilizes hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genomes by recruiting host argonaute 2 (AGO2) to the 5′ end and preventing decay mediated by exonuclease Xrn1. However, HCV replication requires miR-122 in Xrn1-depleted cells, indicating additional function s. We show that miR-122 enhances HCV RNA levels by altering the fraction of HCV genomes available for RNA synthesis. Exogenous miR-122 increases viral RNA and protein levels in Xrn1-depleted cells, with enhanced RNA synthesis occurring before heightened protein synthesis. Inhibiting protein translation blocks miR-122-mediated increases in RNA synthesis, but independently enhances RNA synthesis by releasing ribosomes from viral genomes. Additionally, miR-122 reduces the fraction of viral genomes engaged in protein translation. Depleting AGO2 or PCBP2, which binds HCV RNA in competition with miR-122 and promotes translation, eliminates miR-122 stimulation of RNA synthesis. Thus, by displacing PCBP2, miR-122 reduces HCV genomes engaged in translation while increasing the fraction available for RNA synthesis.