cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Planets opening dust gaps in gas disks
Creators: name: Paardekooper, Sijme-Jan
name: Mellema, Garrelt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interaction of gas and dust in a protoplanetary disk in the presence of a massive planet using a new two-fluid hydrodynamics code. In view of future observations of planet-forming disks we focus on the condition for gap formation in the dust fluid. While only planets more massive than 1 Jupiter mass (MJ) open up a gap in the gas disk, we find that a planet of 0.1 MJ already creates a gap in the dust disk. This makes it easier to find lower-mass planets orbiting in their protoplanetary disk if there is a significant population of mm-sized particles.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Construction of the legal system of agricultural insurance in China
Creators: name: Wang, Zi-Yan
name: Wang, Zi-Yan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Agricultural insurance
subject: Legal system
subject: Construction

description: This paper expatiates the conception and property of agricultural insurance, and introduces the features and legislation principle of agricultural insurance. Finally, suggestions on how to perfect the legal system of agricultural insurance are put forward.
Crowding-Regulated Binding of Divalent Biomolecules
Creators: name: Skóra, Tomasz
name: Janssen, Mathijs
name: Carlson, Andreas
name: Kondrat, Svyatoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macromolecular crowding affects biophysical processes as diverse as diffusion, gene expression, cell growth, and senescence. Yet, there is no comprehensive understanding of how crowding affects reactions, particularly multivalent binding. Herein, we use scaled particle theory and develop a molecular simulation method to investigate the binding of monovalent to divalent biomolecules. We find that crowding can increase or reduce cooperativity--the extent to which the binding of a second molecule is enhanced after binding a first molecule--by orders of magnitude, depending on the sizes of the involved molecular complexes. Cooperativity generally increases when a divalent molecule swells and then shrinks upon binding two ligands. Our calculations also reveal that, in some cases, crowding enables binding that does not occur otherwise. As an immunological example, we consider Immunoglobulin G-antigen binding and show that crowding enhances its cooperativity in bulk but reduces it when an Immunoglobulin G binds antigens on a surface.
The spirit of collaboration : exploring critical pedagogical principles in transforming the museum through space and time
Creators: name: Hennessy, Genevieve
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Recent trends in critical museology have called for a collaborative approach to the exhibition process. Although generally agreed upon in principle, no clear collaborative model has yet emerged that can be applied across variable institutions, given that exhibits are always mediated by the specific temporal, political, and ideological contexts in which they are created. This thesis suggests that by translating some of the principles, philosophies, and methodologies of critical pedagogy to the sphere of the museum, a more dynamic and effective notion of collaboration will emerge. Through such an application, we can find ways to extend and recreate the role of the museum as an agent in both the production and consumption of cultural ideologies. "The Spirit of Islam: Experiencing Islam Through Calligraphy", a temporary exhibition at the UBC Museum of Anthropology in Vancouver, Canada, will be used as a case study to examine the strengths, limitations, and potential of such an approach.
Optimal energy storage and collective charging speedup in the central-spin quantum battery
Creators: name: Yang, Hui-Yu
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Wang, Xiao-Hui
name: Shi, Hai-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum batteries (QBs) exploit principles of quantum mechanics to accelerate the charging process and aim to achieve optimal energy storage. However, analytical results for investigating these problems remain lacking due to the challenges associated with nonequilibrium dynamics. In this work, we analytically investigate a central-spin QB model in which $N_b$ spin-1/2 battery cells interact with $N_c$ spin-1/2 charger units, using $m$ initially excited charger units as a resource. By employing the invariant subspace method and the shifted Holstein-Primakoff transformation, we identify four scenarios in which optimal energy storage can be achieved: (i) $N_b\!\ll\!m\!\ll\!N_c$; (ii) $m\!\ll\!N_b\!\ll\!N_c$; (iii) $m\!\ll\!N_c\!\ll\!N_b$; and (iv) $N_b\!\ll\!m\!=\!kN_c$ [$k\!\in\!(0,1)$]. In these cases, optimal storage is ensured by the SU(2) symmetry emerging from the charging dynamics. The first three cases map the central-spin QB to different Tavis-Cummings (TC) QBs, while the fourth corresponds to the non-TC limit. We analytically determine the charging time and demonstrate that in the fully charging cases (i) and (iv), the collective charging exhibits an $N_b$-fold enhancement in speedup compared to the parallel charging scheme. Additionally, we numerically observe a unified charging behavior when $m\!=\!N_c$, showing that asymptotically optimal energy storage is possible when $N_b\!=\!m\!=\!N_c$. In this case, we find a collective charging enhancement scaling as $N_b^{0.8264}$. The origin of the collective charging advantage in central-spin quantum batteries is also analyzed through the quantum speed limit and a multipartite entanglement witness. Our results highlight the crucial role of dynamically emergent SU(2) symmetry in providing an analytical understanding of non-equilibrium charging dynamics in QBs.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Development pattern of circular economy in Jiangsu coastland
Creators: name: Wang, Liang
name: Wang, Liang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Development pattern
subject: Circular economy
subject: Jiangsu coastland
subject: China

description: Circular economy is an effective development pattern to balance economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Based on apprehending the connotation of circular economy, this paper fully considers and studies on the future trends in this area according to the theory of circular economy and the empirical circumstances of Jiangsu Coastland. This paper also discusses the circular economy development pattern adopted by Jiangsu coastland during economic and social development from the aspects of the growth of industry, agriculture, tourism and the construction of circular society.
The Shapley Value in Database Management
Creators: name: Bertossi, Leopoldo
name: Kimelfeld, Benny
name: Livshits, Ester
name: Monet, Mikaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attribution scores can be applied in data management to quantify the contribution of individual items to conclusions from the data, as part of the explanation of what led to these conclusions. In Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Management, some of the common scores are deployments of the Shapley value, a formula for profit sharing in cooperative game theory. Since its invention in the 1950s, the Shapley value has been used for contribution measurement in many fields, from economics to law, with its latest researched applications in modern machine learning. Recent studies investigated the application of the Shapley value to database management. This article gives an overview of recent results on the computational complexity of the Shapley value for measuring the contribution of tuples to query answers and to the extent of inconsistency with respect to integrity constraints. More specifically, the article highlights lower and upper bounds on the complexity of calculating the Shapley value, either exactly or approximately, as well as solutions for realizing the calculation in practice.
description: 12 pages, including references. This is the authors version of the corresponding SIGMOD Record article
Exploring Navigation Styles in a FutureLearn MOOC
Creators: name: Shi, Lei
name: Cristea, Alexandra I.
name: Toda, Armando M.
name: Oliveira, Wilk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents for the first time a detailed analysis of fine-grained navigation style identification in MOOCs backed by a large number of active learners. The result shows 1) whilst the sequential style is clearly in evidence, the global style is less prominent; 2) the majority of the learners do not belong to either category; 3) navigation styles are not as stable as believed in the literature; and 4) learners can, and do, swap between navigation styles with detrimental effects. The approach is promising, as it provides insight into online learners' temporal engagement, as well as a tool to identify vulnerable learners, which potentially benefit personalised interventions (from teachers or automatic help) in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS).
description: The 16th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS2020)
Sustainable development level in rural China based on osculating value method
Creators: name: Lu, Bing-Fu
name: Han, Wei-Ping
name: Lu, Bing-Fu
name: Han, Wei-Ping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Rural sustainable development
subject: Osculating value
subject: Evaluation
subject: Empirical analysis

description: This paper expounds the theoretical basis of rural sustainable development, sets up evaluation index system for rural sustainable development level in China, and uses the osculating value method to evaluate the rural sustainable development in cities, autonomous regions and provinces of China. They are divided into 3 grades of A, B and C according to the evaluation result. Finally, we analyze the causation of the differences of rural sustainable development among cities. autonomous regions and provinces in rural China.
"ins1094860_resources.tar.gz" of "Search for gluinos in events with two same-sign leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2012

description: Data from auxillary plots 2a-4f (unpack then view index.html)
description: CERN-LHC. A search for gluinos decaying via the supersymmetric partner of the top (STOP) quark using events with two same-sign (SS) leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum. from proton-proton interactions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data set has a total integrated luminosity og 2.05 fb-1. No excess beyond the SM is observed and exclusion limits are derived for simplified models where the gluino decays via the STOP and in the MSUGRA/CSSM framework. Data from the additional plots in the auxiliary material is also liniked here. In the distributions, where applicable: The errors on the DATA points represent the statistical uncertainty. The errors on the SM BACKGROUND represent the total uncertainty. The column labelled SIGNAL corresponds to a signal obtained with the decay gluino-> top stop chargino via off mass-shell stop (mass=1.2 TeV) in gluino-gluino pair-produced events with m(gluino)=650 GeV and m(chargino)=150 GeV.
Hyperbolic covering knots
Creators: name: Silver, Daniel S.
name: Whitten, Wilbur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 20F34

description: Given any knot k, there exists a hyperbolic knot tilde k with arbitrarily large volume such that the knot group pi k is a quotient of pi tilde k by a map that sends meridian to meridian and longitude to longitude. The knot tilde k can be chosen to be ribbon concordant to k and also to have the same Alexander invariant as k.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-57.abs.html
Economic difference in Ningbo area of China
Creators: name: Pan, Hua-Ling
name: Pan, Hua-Ling
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Economic differences
subject: Principal component analysis
subject: Ningbo Area
subject: China

description: Taking 6 counties and cities in Ningbo Area as the research units, this paper constructs the index system for evaluating the economic differences in Ningbo Area, and uses the principal component analysis method to analyze the economic differences in Ningbo Area. Result shows that Ningbo economy as a whole is more developed, and there are significant differences among regional economy. Economic development levels of Fenghua, Xiangshan and Ninghai districts are less developed, compared with those of Yinzhou, Yuyao and Cixi.
Unified percolation scenario for the $α$ and $β$ processes in simple glass formers
Creators: name: Gao, Liang
name: Yu, Hai-Bin
name: Schrøder, Thomas B.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the vast differences in interaction details, describing the dynamics of structurally disordered materials in a unified theoretical framework presents a fundamental challenge to condensed-matter physics and materials science. This paper investigates numerically a percolation scenario for the two most important relaxation processes of supercooled liquids and glasses. For nine binary glass formers we find that, as temperature is lowered from the liquid state, percolation of immobile particles takes place at the temperature locating the $α$ process. Mirroring this, upon continued cooling into the glass, mobile-particle percolation pinpoints a Johari-Goldstein $β$ relaxation whenever it is well separated from the $α$ process. For 2D systems under the same conditions, percolation of mobile and immobile particles occurs nearly simultaneously and no $β$ relaxation can be identified. Our findings suggest a general description of glassy dynamics based on a percolation perspective.
description: Accepted by Nature Physics, "in principle" (this is the version originally submitted to NP)
Self-Distillation as Instance-Specific Label Smoothing
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhilu
name: Sabuncu, Mert R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It has been recently demonstrated that multi-generational self-distillation can improve generalization. Despite this intriguing observation, reasons for the enhancement remain poorly understood. In this paper, we first demonstrate experimentally that the improved performance of multi-generational self-distillation is in part associated with the increasing diversity in teacher predictions. With this in mind, we offer a new interpretation for teacher-student training as amortized MAP estimation, such that teacher predictions enable instance-specific regularization. Our framework allows us to theoretically relate self-distillation to label smoothing, a commonly used technique that regularizes predictive uncertainty, and suggests the importance of predictive diversity in addition to predictive uncertainty. We present experimental results using multiple datasets and neural network architectures that, overall, demonstrate the utility of predictive diversity. Finally, we propose a novel instance-specific label smoothing technique that promotes predictive diversity without the need for a separately trained teacher model. We provide an empirical evaluation of the proposed method, which, we find, often outperforms classical label smoothing.
Dancing on the inside : identification and dance appreciation
Creators: name: Fenrick, Eden Kaill
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the role of identification in dance appreciation and in understanding dance as dance. What is common to all dance is that its appreciation requires that what the audience attends to is live human beings performing movement (or significantly being still). It is the physical act of dancing which is the art, and to understand the physical act is to understand the art. The act is performed by dancers, and therefore to understand the act of dancing is to understand those dancers as dancers performing a particular piece of art. For the audience to identify with the dancers is for them to imagine having the characteristics of the dancers that are relevant to dancing that piece. This identification is required for understanding that piece of art. Only an audience of people who identify with the dancers can understand the meaning of the piece, and in addition to their understanding of particular instances of dance, they are more appreciative of dance in general. Moreover, an audience member who identifies with the dancers in a piece gets to be involved in a personal way in the creative act of dancing. They imagine that they feel, with the dancers, what it is like to dance, and to express whatever is being expressed. Through identification, the audience can at least have a taste of the self-transformation of being a dancer, and through that taste gain more than an understanding of a particular dance piece. They can gain the possibility of knowing the joy of dancing for themselves.
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Miras and Semiregular Variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Soszynski, I.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Kubiak, M.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Zebrun, K.
name: Szewczyk, O.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the OGLE-II and OGLE-III data in conjunction with the 2MASS near-infrared (NIR) photometry to identify and study Miras and Semiregular Variables (SRVs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We found in total 3221 variables of both types, populating two of the series of NIR period-luminosity (PL) sequences. The majority of these objects are double periodic pulsators, with periods belonging to both PL ridges. We indicate that in the period - Wesenheit index plane the oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars from the NIR PL sequences C, C' and D split into well separated ridges. Thus, we discover an effective method of distinguishing between O-rich and C-rich Miras, SRVs and stars with Long Secondary Periods using their V and I-band photometry. We present an empirical method of estimating the mean K_s magnitudes of the Long Period Variables using single-epoch K_s measurements and complete light curves in the I-band. We utilize these corrected magnitudes to show that the O-rich and C-rich Miras and SRVs follow somewhat different K_s-band PL relations.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, LaTeX. Photometric data presented in the paper are available from the OGLE Internet archive: http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl/ or its US mirror: http://bulge.princeton.edu/~ogle/
Additional file 3 of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis surveillance and cascade of care in Madagascar: a five-year (2012–2017) retrospective study
Creators: name: Knoblauch, Astrid M.
name: Lapierre, Simon Grandjean
name: Randriamanana, Daniella
name: Mamy Serge Raherison
name: Andrianantenaina Rakotoson
name: Bienvenue Solofomandimby Raholijaona
name: Masiarivony Ravaoarimanga
name: Ravololonandriana, Pascaline Elisabeth
name: Marie-Sylvianne Rabodoarivelo
name: Orelys Ratsirahonana
name: Fanjasoa Rakotomanana
name: Turibio Razafindranaivo
name: Voahangy Rasolofo
name: Niaina Rakotosamimanana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Appendix S3: Calculation of steps and gaps for the TB and MDR-TB cascade of care, Madagascar, 2017.
Regional differences evaluation on the capacities of rural basic public services based on topsis method - Demonstration from 31 Cities and Provinces
Creators: name: Liu, Jin-Song
name: Liu, Jin-Song
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Rural areas
subject: Basic public services
subject: Equalization
subject: Evaluation
subject: China

description: Capacities of rural basic public services in 31 cities and provinces are evaluated and sorted based on the method of Topsis according to the data of rural education, medical treatment, health and so on during 2006 in China. The empirical results show that there are great differences among the capacities of rural basic public services in most cities and provinces, and their equalization is relatively low. The financial non-equalization is still the biggest obstacle in the process of realizing the equalization of rural basic public services. Finally, this paper put forward some countermeasures and proposals on how to bridge the gap of the equalization of rural basic public services.
Current status of peasants' quality in China and cultivation of new peasants' in the view of new countryside
Creators: name: Xu, Jie-Ling
name: Wang, Wen-Xiang
name: Xu, Jie-Ling
name: Wang, Wen-Xiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: New countryside of China
subject: New Peasants
subject: Cultivation

description: This paper introduces the quality characteristics of new peasants in China, and analyzes the current status of peasants’ quality in China from 5 aspects. Finally, this paper puts forward the related countermeasures for improving the peasants’ quality.
Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Human Resources Development in Minority Areas - A Case Study of Xinjiang Province, China
Creators: name: Li, Guang-Ming
name: Li, Guang-Ming
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Rural China
subject: Human resources development
subject: Countermeasures

description: We introduce the development status of human resources in rural Xinjiang of China, analyze its obstacles and difficulties, and finally put forward related countermeasures for the rural human resources development in minority areas.
$H_{TC}Π^0$ and $Π^+Π^-$ pair productions at the planned $e^ + e^ -$ colliders in the topcolor-assisted technicolor model
Creators: name: Wang, Xuelei
name: Qiao, Qingpeng
name: Zhang, Qiaoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The top-pions($Π^{0,\pm}$) and the top-Higgs($H_{TC}$) are the typical particles predicted by the topcolor-assisted technicolor (TC2) model and the observation of these particles can be regarded as the direct evidence of the TC2 model. In this paper, we study two pair production processes of these new particles, i.e., $e^ + e^ - \to H_{TC}Π^0$ and $e^+e^-\to Π^+Π^-$. The results show that the production rates are at the level of serval fb for $e^ + e^ - \to H_{TC}Π^0$ and tens fb for $e^+e^-\to Π^+Π^-$. These processes can produce the adequate distinct multi-jet final states and the SM background can be efficiently reduced. So, with the high luminosity at the planned linear colliders, the top-pions and top-Higgs can be observable via these two pair production processes without double.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
The relationship between radio luminosity and black-hole mass in optically-selected quasars
Creators: name: McLure, R. J.
name: Jarvis, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a sample of more than 6000 quasars from the Sloan digital sky survey (SDSS) we compare the black-hole mass distributions of radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars. Based on the virial black-hole mass estimator the radio-loud quasars (RLQs) are found to harbour systematically more massive black holes than radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) with very high significance (>>99.99%), with mean black-hole masses of =8.89\pm0.02 and =8.69\pm0.01 for the RLQs and RQQs respectively. Crucially, the new RLQ and RQQ samples have indistinguishable distributions on the redshift-optical luminosity plane, excluding the possibility that either parameter is responsible for the observed black-hole mass difference. Moreover, this black-hole mass difference is shown to be in good agreement with the optical luminosity difference observed between RLQ and RQQ host galaxies at low redshift (i.e. ΔM_{host}=0.4-0.5 magnitudes). Within the SDSS samples, black-hole mass is strongly correlated with both radio luminosity and the radio-loudness $\mathcal{R}$ parameter (>7 sigma significance), although the range in radio luminosity at a given black-hole mass is several orders of magnitude. It is therefore clear that the influence of additional physical parameters or evolution must also be invoked to explain the quasar radio-loudness dichotomy.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Qualitative dynamics of interacting vacuum cosmologies
Creators: name: Kaeonikhom, Chakkrit
name: Rangdee, Phongsaphat
name: Assadullahi, Hooshyar
name: Gumjudpai, Burin
name: Schewtschenko, Jascha A.
name: Wands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phase-space analysis of the qualitative dynamics cosmologies where dark matter exchanges energy with the vacuum component. We find fixed points corresponding to power-law solutions where the different components remain a constant fraction of the total energy density and given an existence condition for any fixed points with nonvanishing energy transfer. For some interaction models we find novel fixed points in the presence of a third noninteracting fluid with constant equation of state, such as radiation, where the interacting vacuum+matter tracks the evolution of the third fluid, analogous to tracker solutions previously found for self-interacting scalar fields. We illustrate the phase-plane behavior, determining the equation of state and stability of the fixed points in the case of a simple linear interaction model, for interacting vacuum and dark matter, including the presence of noninteracting radiation. We give approximate solutions for the equation of state in matter- or vacuum-dominated solutions in the case of small interaction parameters.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures; corrected a label in Fig. 5(c); typos corrected; references added; updated author's affiliations; matches the published version
Economics of Controlling Livestock Diseases: Basic Theory
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: livestock disease

description: Extends the simple model of the economics of controlling livestock disease as first presented by McInerney (1991) to take account of start-up costs which give use to thresholds effects. A further extension is given to allow for economics of such in disease control which can also have a threshold effect. The problem of uncertainty about the costs and benefits of disease control in livestock is also discussed.
Primary Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition Determined with the Tunka EAS Cherenkov Array
Creators: name: Chernov, D.
name: Korosteleva, E.
name: Kuzmichev, L.
name: Prosin, V.
name: Yashin, I.
name: Budnev, N.
name: Gress, O.
name: Gress, T.
name: Pankov, L.
name: Parfenov, Yu.
name: Semeney, Yu.
name: Lubsandorzhiev, B.
name: Pohil, P.
name: Schmidt, T.
name: Spiering, C.
name: Wischnewski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New results of 300 hours of operation of the Tunka array are presented. An improved parametrization of the Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (LDF), based on CORSIKA Monte Carlo simulations and the experiment QUEST, has been used for the reconstruction of EAS parameters. The corrected energy spectrum in the knee region is obtained. The mean depth of the EAS maximum has been derived both from the analysis of LDF steepness and the FWHM of Cerenkov light pulse. The mean mass composition around the knee is estimated.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, to be published in IJMPA
Poverty, Political Failure and the Use of Open Access Resources in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Poverty
subject: common-property resources
subject: open-access resources

description: This paper begins by distinguishing open-access resources from common-property resources, the use of which is subject to communal rules. In practice, it is suggested that these cases are the outcomes of a spectrum of property rights. The standard economic theory of the use of open-access resources as developed by Western economists is outlined and ways in which it has limited applicability to developing countries are suggested. This theory does not, for example, consider the possibility that incomes in open-access situations may fall to subsistence levels, as appears to be common in developing countries. A model is presented in which the long-run equilibrium involves a subsistence level of income which may be at or near a poverty level. This seems more relevant for developing countries. It is shown that governments in developing economies may be unable to find workable policies that will extricate communities from such a poverty trap. Reasons why governments in developing countries may allow such a situation to occur are discussed. The limitations of using new technologies to increase harvesting productivity and reduce poverty are discussed. Implications of the analysis for the type of aid that developed countries should give to developing countries are specified.
Sprout: Designing Expressivity for Robots Using Fiber-Embedded Actuator
Creators: name: Koike, Amy
name: Wehner, Michael
name: Mutlu, Bilge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we explore how techniques from soft robotics can help create a new form of robot expression. We present Sprout, a soft expressive robot that conveys its internal states by changing its body shape. Sprout can extend, bend, twist, and expand using fiber-embedded actuators integrated into its construction. These deformations enable Sprout to express its internal states, for example, by expanding to express anger and bending its body sideways to express curiosity. Through two user studies, we investigated how users interpreted Sprout's expressions, their perceptions of Sprout, and their expectations from future iterations of Sprout's design. We argue that the use of soft actuators opens a novel design space for robot expressions to convey internal states, emotions, and intent.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Diagnostics and characterization of photonic circuits by wide-field spatio-temporal imaging
Creators: name: Nuzhdin, Dmitry
name: Pattelli, Lorenzo
name: Nocentini, Sara
name: Wiersma, Diederik S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growing diffusion of integrated photonic technologies requires fast and non-invasive quality control techniques for mass-production. We present a general diagnostic technique for sub-ps imaging of photonic circuits combining wide-field optical microscopy and optical gating. The simultaneous access to multiple parameters of a photonic structure enables an unprecedented characterization of its functional design as opposed to typical single-domain techniques such as frequency or time domain reflectometry and near-field microscopy. The non-contact and non-perturbative nature of the technique makes it relevant for both planar and three-dimensional circuits, as well as for silicon, polymeric or hybrid platforms. We apply our technique to different photonic chip components fabricated by Direct Laser Writing, revealing the spatial and temporal hallmarks of fabrication imperfections causing losses or deviations from the intended device behavior. At the same time, the technique allows in situ probing of key properties of photonic devices as the local propagation constants of guided modes or the quality factor of resonant elements. Our method is relevant for both the scientific and the industrial communities as it lends itself to be scaled up to in-line quality control thanks to its non-scanning nature.
description: This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Photonics, copyright \c{opyright} American Chemical Society after peer review. The final edited and published work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00271
The Role of a Decision Support System in Back Pain Diagnoses: A Pilot Study
Creators: name: Benditz, Achim
name: Faber, Florian
name: Wenk, Gabriela
name: Fuchs, Tina
name: Salak, Natalie
name: Grifka, Joachim
name: Vogl, Matthias
name: Menke, Matthias
name: Jansen, Petra
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: It is the main goal of this study to investigate the concordance of a decision support system and the recommendation of spinal surgeons regarding back pain. 111 patients had to complete the decision support system. Furthermore, their illness was diagnosed by a spinal surgeon. The results showed significant medium relation between the DSS and the diagnosis of the medical doctor. Besides, in almost 50% of the cases the recommendation for the treatment was concordant and overestimation occurred more often than underestimation. The results are discussed in relation to the “symptom checker” literature and the claim of further evaluations.
Topological Mixing with Ghost Rods
Creators: name: Gouillart, Emmanuelle
name: Thiffeault, Jean-Luc
name: Finn, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological chaos relies on the periodic motion of obstacles in a two-dimensional flow in order to form nontrivial braids. This motion generates exponential stretching of material lines, and hence efficient mixing. Boyland et al. [P. L. Boyland, H. Aref, and M. A. Stremler, J. Fluid Mech. 403, 277 (2000)] have studied a specific periodic motion of rods that exhibits topological chaos in a viscous fluid. We show that it is possible to extend their work to cases where the motion of the stirring rods is topologically trivial by considering the dynamics of special periodic points that we call ghost rods, because they play a similar role to stirring rods. The ghost rods framework provides a new technique for quantifying chaos and gives insight into the mechanisms that produce chaos and mixing. Numerical simulations for Stokes flow support our results.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures. RevTeX4 format. (Final version)
Astymachus eximius Hayat in Hayat and Veenakumari 2015
Creators: name: Noyes, John S.
name: Higashiura, Yoshimitsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Astymachus
Astymachus eximius

description: 1. Astymachus eximius Hayat
 Astymachus eximius Hayat in Hayat and Veenakumari 2015: 260 – 263. Holotype ♀, India, NCPM, not examined.
 Diagnosis. Female. Length, including ovipositor, 1.27 mm. Body generally yellow, frontovertex with two pale brown stripes, occiput and malar space pale brown; antenna pale yellow to dusky yellow, clava brown; thorax yellow with a pair of faint brown stripes dorsally; fore wing infuscate; TI – TV of gaster each with a narrow, pale brown cross band; head about 2× as long as eye; palp formula 3 – 2; antenna with F1 – F5 anneliform; linear sensilla only on F6; clava 2-segmented; scutellum with about 13 setae; wings shortened, fore wing reaching less than halfway along gaster, well short of cercal plates; ovipositor about 3× mid tibia and 2.2× gonostylus. Male. Unknown.
 Biology. Unknown.
 Distribution. India (Karnataka).
 Material examined. None.
 Comments. Astymachus eximius is the only known species of Astymachus where the females are clearly brachypterous.
description: Published as part of Noyes, John S. & Higashiura, Yoshimitsu, 2020, The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae) ı with descriptions of three new species, pp. 665-679 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 668-669, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1747654, http://zenodo.org/record/4290415
Global Property Rights in Genetic Resources: An Economic Assessment
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Globalisation
subject: property rights
subject: genetic resources

description: In recent years, growing economic globalisation has been accompanied by rising social support for market systems as a means of managing resource-use. In turn, the free market movement considers definite and secure property rights (especially private rights and, sometimes, communal rights) in resources to be the necessary basis for a desirable market system. Global policies for managing the Earth’s genetic resources have been influenced by this approach. As outlined in this article, there has been a global expansion of property rights in genetic resources, and further extensions have been advocated. In order to assess the possible social benefits and costs of granting property rights in genetic resources, they are classified. This classification is shown to be useful in discussing economic and legal reasons for granting or denying property rights in genetic resources. Furthermore, it is shown to be pertinent to the consideration of market failures that may accompany the granting of property rights in genetic resources and which limit the potential social economic benefits from establishing property rights in these resources. It is concluded that many advocates of managing genetic resources by means of secure property rights and market systems have been overly optimistic about the potential of this policy, its social benefits, its impact on the conservation of biodiversity, and its workability. There is a need for more informed debate on these matters before concluding that wholesale global extension of property rights in genetic material is desirable.
On Decidable and Undecidable Extensions of Simply Typed Lambda Calculus
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The decidability of the reachability problem for finitary PCF has been used as a theoretical basis for fully automated verification tools for functional programs. The reachability problem, however, often becomes undecidable for a slight extension of finitary PCF with side effects, such as exceptions, algebraic effects, and references, which hindered the extension of the above verification tools for supporting functional programs with side effects. In this paper, we first give simple proofs of the undecidability of four extensions of finitary PCF, which would help us understand and analyze the source of undecidability. We then focus on an extension with references, and give a decidable fragment using a type system. To our knowledge, this is the first non-trivial decidable fragment that features higher-order recursive functions containing reference cells.
Additional file 1 of Indirect measurement of anterior-posterior ground reaction forces using a minimal set of wearable inertial sensors: from healthy to hemiparetic walking
Creators: name: Dheepak Arumukhom Revi
name: Alvarez, Andre M.
name: Walsh, Conor J.
name: Rossi, Stefano M.M. De
name: Awad, Louis N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary Table 1: Changes in R2 and RMSE with removal of single IMUs. Supplementary Table 2: ICC 95% confidence intervals for propulsion and braking point metrics.
Notes on the Economics of Fish Biodiversity: Linkages between Aquaculture and Fisheries
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Aquaculture
subject: loss of biodiversity
subject: genetic selection

description: While genetic selection and cultivation of organisms have helped to support a larger human population at a higher standard of living, than otherwise, these developments have also led to a loss of biodiversity, particularly in the wild. The more recent development of aquaculture continues this development process. In this note, aquaculture practices that are likely to lead to biodiversity loss are listed and their consequences are specified. Trends in fish supplies from aquaculture compared to supplies from the wild are outlined. These indicate increasing replacement of supplies form the wild by aquaculture. A similar pattern seems to be emerging as has emerged in agriculture and in silvaculture. This is likely to accelerate biodiversity loss in wild fish stocks, but it is not the only factor bringing this about. While the development of aquaculture and of genetic selection has its economic advantages, considerable uncertainty exists about how much genetic alteration is desirable from an economic point of view. More research is needed to reduce this uncertainty. Although it may be impossible to eliminate such uncertainty completely, there is scope for reducing it and improving on the rationality of our decision making.
Studying habitability of the exoplanets Kepler-504 b, Kepler-315 b, and Kepler-315 c
Creators: name: Bhaumik, Sattik
name: Sethi, Geetanjali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astronomers have always wanted to know whether there are other planets around other stars that support life like our Earth. The search for life elsewhere has led us to new findings of extreme planetary conditions that humans were unaware of. Here we present the habitability index values of three earlier discovered exoplanets: Kepler-504 b (of the star Kepler-504), Kepler-315 b and Kepler-315 c (of the Kepler-315 stellar system). We wanted to know what are the ideal factors that decide the chances of habitability, e.g., the orbital distance from the star, the type of star, or a combination of multiple properties. We hypothesized that there should exist a combination of these properties that will increase the chances that the exoplanet would be similar to Earth. We have adopted the Earth Similarity Index (ESI) for calculating the physical similarity of exoplanets to Earth, and hence the probability of them being habitable. Using available telescope data, we found that Kepler-504 b, with a host M-type star (small red dwarf), and Kepler-315 c, with a host G-type star, had ESI values of 71.23% and 69.44%, respectively, thereby showing high similarity to Earth. Kepler-315 b, with a host G-type star, on the other hand, had an ESI value of only 35.68%, showing poor similarity to Earth. We have also listed previously calculated ESI values of additional exoplanets from the Planet Habitability Laboratory catalog, which supports our hypothesis. Thus, it suggests that a combination of star-type and orbital radius seems to make conditions favorable. Future work can study more exoplanets with such combinations to further validate these findings.
Additional file 1 of Elderly patients with complex health problems in the care trajectory: a qualitative case study
Creators: name: Kumlin, Marianne
name: Berg, Geir Vegar
name: Kvigne, Kari
name: Hellesø, Ragnhild
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide. Patient interview schedule
Conservation of the Proboscis Monkey and the Orangutan in Borneo: Comparative Issues and Economic Considerations
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Swarna Nantha, Hemanath
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Swarna Nantha, Hemanath
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Proboscis Monkey
subject: Orangutan
subject: Borneo
subject: Conservation

description: Concentrating on their presence in Borneo, the ecology and conservation of two large Southeast Asian primates, the orangutan Pongo pymaeus and the proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus are reviewed. The former species occurs only in Borneo and Sumatra and the latter only in Borneo. The comparative threats facing these two endangered primates and their approximate numbers in the wild are put into perspective. The long-term survival of both species is adversely affected by the degradation and conversion of their suitable forest habitat by logging and agriculture, the occurrence of hunting, poaching and forest fires. The effectiveness of measures to conserve these species are discussed and evaluated from the standpoint of economics. It is concluded that informed assessment of the opportunity costs of conserving these species and their habitat is required and better incentives for law enforcement must be created. Properly regulated ecotourism may draw the necessary attention to the plight of these species and may even help fund conservation research. Economics can help identify least, or low, cost opportunities for conserving species as is demonstrated in this article, even if it is not always possible to demonstrate their economic value convincingly.