cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Masses of fully heavy tetraquarks $QQ \bar Q \bar Q$ in an extended relativized quark model
Creators: name: Lü, Qi-Fang
name: Chen, Dian-Yong
name: Dong, Yu-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent measurement of possible fully charmed tetraquarks in LHCb Collaboration, we investigate the mass spectra of fully heavy tetraquarks $QQ \bar Q \bar Q$ in an extended relativized quark model. Our estimations indicate that the broad structure around 6.4 GeV should contain one or more ground $cc \bar c \bar c$ tetraquark states, while the narrow structure near 6.9 GeV can be categorized as the first radial excitation of $cc \bar c \bar c$ system. Moreover, with the wave functions of the tetraquarks and mesons, the strong decays of tetraquarks into heavy quarkonium pair are qualitatively discussed, which can be further checked by the LHCb and CMS Collaborations.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, comments and suggestions are welcome
Rescattering effects in hadron-nucleus and heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the extension of the factorization formalism of perturbative QCD to {\it coherent} soft rescattering associated with hard scattering in high energy nuclear collisions. We emphasize the ability to quantify high order corrections and the predictive power of factorization approach in terms of universal nonperturbative matrix elements. Although coherent rescattering effects are power suppressed by hard scales of the scattering, they are enhanced by the nuclear size and could play an important role in understanding the novel nuclear dependence observed in high energy nuclear collisions.
description: 8 pages, 13 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probe 2004), Ericeira, Portugal, Nov. 4-10, 2004
Quantifying the impact of in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) production techniques on household food security for communal farmers in Thaba Nchu, Free State Province
Creators: name: Baiphethi, Mompati N.
name: Viljoen, Machiel F.
name: Kundhlande, Godfrey
name: Botha, J.J.
name: Van Rensburg, L.D.
name: Baiphethi, Mompati N.
name: Viljoen, Machiel F.
name: Kundhlande, Godfrey
name: Botha, J.J.
name: Van Rensburg, L.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The paper investigates the impact of employing in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) production techniques on household food security for communal farmers in Thaba Nchu, by estimating the minimum area of land that a representative household needs to cultivate in order to meet its requirements. First, using a poverty datum line for South Africa, annual income required by an average household for food and other basic necessities (shelter and clothes) is calculated, given a specific level of non-farm income for a typical household in the study area. Second, the caloric requirement for an average household's is estimated by using the daily caloric requirement of each member of the household. The household uses its income from non-farm sources to purchase food and where necessary supplemented with income from the sale of non-food agricultural production. In both cases minimum farm size is influenced by output levels and by profitability of crop production under IRWH techniques.
Improving working relationships for smallholder farmers in formal organic crop supply chains: Evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Creators: name: Darroch, Mark A.G.
name: Mushayanyama, T.
name: Darroch, Mark A.G.
name: Mushayanyama, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: The 48 members of the Ezemvelo Farmers' Organisation (EFO) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (SA), that are fully-certified as organic farmers were surveyed in October-December 2004 to assess their perceived levels of satisfaction, trust, cooperation and commitment in a formal supply chain producing amadhumbes (a traditional vegetable tuber), potatoes and sweet potatoes for a major SA supermarket group. Empirical recursive models show that a high level of satisfaction in the working relationship results in these farmers trusting the pack-house agent more. High levels of trust, in turn, lead to higher levels of both commitment to, and cooperation in, the supply chain. A simultaneous-equation model showed that EFO members with higher levels of commitment tend to be more cooperative, and that members with higher levels of cooperation tend to be more committed toward the working relationship. These results suggest that strategies to improve the working relationship with the pack-house agent need to promote satisfaction, trust, cooperation and commitment. For example, co-investment in better crop storage facilities at farm-level would promote satisfaction and hence trust. There is also scope for more cooperation in the planning of new organic crop products to grow and market, and to remove some price uncertainty by giving EFO farmers more information about prices that they will be paid by the pack-house in this supply chain.
NMR imaging investigations of swelling HPMC tablets
Creators: name: Wong, Glenn Hup Aun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The use of controlled release formulations in the pharmaceutical industry offers several advantages over rapid release formulations. An important feature of controlled release formulations is the ability to release a drug for an extended period of time at a controlled rate. One example is hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) which is a hydrophilic polymer that has the unique property that when exposed to water, it undergoes a volume expansion or swells resulting in a polymer concentration gradient. A drug combined with HPMC into a tablet has a drug diffusion behaviour that is determined by this HPMC concentration gradient. To gain further insight in terms of providing concentration information, NMR imaging was employed in the present work to investigate the swelling of pure HPMC tablets. One-dimensional swelling experiments exposed only one side of a flat face HPMC tablet to water and therefore limited the swelling to only one direction. These swelling experiments were carried out at the physiological temperature of 37 °C and at various temperatures to determine if a correlation existed between temperature and the swelling rate. The results indicated a dependence of the swelling rate on temperature with an increase in temperature resulting in a greater swelling rate. To provide a more realistic understanding of these swelling systems, a three-dimensional swelling experiment was also carried out to monitor the polymer concentration gradients in three-dimensions. In contrast to the one-dimensional swelling, the three-dimensional swelling of a pure HPMC tablet involved the water penetration into both flat faces and sides. Results indicated that the rate of expansion favoured the vertical swelling direction over the radial direction as expected. In an effort to predict the swelling behaviour, a mathematical model was employed to simulate the one-dimensional swelling of a series of tablets of different thicknesses. Evaluation of the model was done by comparing the theoretical to the experimental results. The mathematical model was limited in its ability to predict the swelling in one-dimension. It assumed that the swelling was a homogeneous, single component system which did not reflect the one-dimensional experimental results that indicated a less homogeneous and a more heterogeneous swelling process.
Towards full counting statistics for the Anderson impurity model
Creators: name: Gogolin, A. O.
name: Komnik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the full counting statistics (FCS) of the charge transport through the Anderson impurity model (AIM) and similar systems with a single conducting channel. The object of principal interest is the generating function for the cumulants of charge current distribution. We derive an exact analytic formula relating the FCS generating function to the self energy of the system in the presence of the measuring field. We first check that our approach reproduces correctly known results in simple limits, like the FCS of the resonant level system (AIM without Coulomb interaction). We then proceed to study the FCS for the AIM both perturbatively in the Coulomb interaction and in the Kondo regime at the Toulouse point (we also study a related model of a spinless single-site quantum dot coupled to two half-infinite metallic leads in the Luttinger liquid phase at a special interaction strength). At zero temperature the FCS turns out to be binomial for small voltages. For the generic case of arbitrary energy scales the FCS is shown to be captured very well by generalisations of the Levitov-Lesovik type formula. Surprisingly, the FCS for the AIM indicates a presence of coherent electron pair tunnelling in addition to conventional single-particle processes. By means of perturbative expansions around the Toulouse point we succeeded in showing the universality of the binomial FCS at zero temperature in linear response. Based on our general formula for the FCS we then argue for a more general binomial theorem stating that the linear response zero-temperature FCS for any interacting single-channel set-up is always binomial.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure (eps file)
[FeFe]-hydrogenase maturation: H-cluster assembly intermediates tracked by electron paramagnetic resonance, infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Creators: name: Németh, Brigitta
name: Senger, Moritz
name: Redman, Holly J.
name: Ceccaldi, Pierre
name: Broderick, Joan
name: Magnuson, Ann
name: Stripp, Sven T.
name: Haumann, Michael
name: Berggren, Gustav
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metalloenzymes
subject: [FeFe]-hydrogenase
subject: H-cluster assembly
subject: Time-resolved spectroscopy
subject: Maturation intermediates
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes employ a unique organometallic cofactor for efficient and reversible hydrogen conversion. This so-called H-cluster consists of a [4Fe–4S] cubane cysteine linked to a diiron complex coordinated by carbon monoxide and cyanide ligands and an azadithiolate ligand (adt = NH(CH2S)2)·[FeFe]-hydrogenase apo-protein binding only the [4Fe–4S] sub-complex can be fully activated in vitro by the addition of a synthetic diiron site precursor complex ([2Fe]adt). Elucidation of the mechanism of cofactor assembly will aid in the design of improved hydrogen processing synthetic catalysts. We combined electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize intermediates of H-cluster assembly as initiated by mixing of the apo-protein (HydA1) from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with [2Fe]adt. The three methods consistently show rapid formation of a complete H-cluster in the oxidized, CO-inhibited state (Hox-CO) already within seconds after the mixing. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy support a model in which Hox-CO formation is preceded by a short-lived Hred′-CO-like intermediate. Accumulation of Hox-CO was followed by CO release resulting in the slower conversion to the catalytically active state (Hox) as well as formation of reduced states of the H-cluster.
Integrable Systems and Discrete Geometry
Creators: name: Doliwa, A.
name: Santini, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an expository article for Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics on the subject in the title. Comments/corrections welcome.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Russel, J.: The mosaic inscriptions of Anemurium, Wien 1987
Creators: name: Gessel, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 72 (1988): Oriens christianus, Band 72
Discovery of Five New R Coronae Borealis Stars in the MACHO Galactic Bulge Database
Creators: name: Zaniewski, A.
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Welch, D. L.
name: Gordon, Karl D.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Cook, K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have identified five new R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars in the Galactic bulge using the MACHO Project photometry database, raising the total number of known Galactic RCB stars to about 40. We have obtained spectra to confirm the identifications. The fact that four out of the five newly identified RCB stars are ``cool'' (T(eff) < 6000 K) rather than ``warm'' (T(eff) > 6000 K) suggests that the preponderance of warm RCB stars among the existing sample is a selection bias. These cool RCB stars are redder and fainter than their warm counterparts and may have been missed in surveys done with blue plates. Based on the number of new RCB stars discovered in the MACHO bulge fields, there may be ~250 RCB stars in the reddened "exclusion" zone toward the bulge.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, AJ in press High resolution versions of Figures 1 and 2 can be downloaded from http://morpheus.phys.lsu.edu/~gclayton/figs.pdf (more typos corrected)
Paradigmi, Spie e Fallacie
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Questa è una raccolta di appunti per sviluppare una discussione sui vari aspetti dei paradigmi nelle scienze. Si amplia con spie e fallacie. Del paradigma indiziario ne parla Carlo Ginzburg. Si vedranno poi le fallacie, e come si arrivi ai topoi retorici, con uso di versi celebri, proverbi, favole e parabole. Incontreremo anche Ignazio di Loyola, in relazione all'argumentum ad baculum.
description: Si veda la nuova versione, con altre fallacie
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of gender-targeted versus gender-neutral interventions aimed at improving dietary intake, physical activity and/or overweight/obesity in young adults (aged 17–35 years): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Sharkey, Thomas
name: Whatnall, Megan C.
name: Hutchesson, Melinda J.
name: Haslam, Rebecca L.
name: Bezzina, Aaron
name: Collins, Clare E.
name: Ashton, Lee M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 : Table S1. Search Terms by database. Table S2. Detailed study characteristics of included studies - Gender-targeted studies (n = 30). Table S3. Detailed study characteristics of included studies - Gender-neutral studies (n = 77). Figure S1. Mean differences by gender-neutral or gender targeted interventions and control arms in fruit and vegetable intake (g/day) over time. Figure S2. Funnel plot vs Standard Error – Fruit and vegetables (g/day). Figure S3. Plots of the means for effect – Fruit and vegetables (g/day). Figure S4. Model diagnostics – Fruit and vegetables (g/day). Figure S5. Forest plot – Fruit and vegetable intake (g/day). Figure S6. Mean differences by gender-neutral or gender targeted interventions and control arms in weight (kg) over time among weight gain prevention interventions. Figure S7. Funnel plot vs Standard Error – Weight (kg) in weight gain prevention interventions. Figure S8. Plots of the means for effect – Weight (kg) in weight gain prevention interventions. Figure S9. Model diagnostics – Weight (kg) in weight gain prevention interventions. Figure S10. Forest plot – Weight (kg) in weight gain prevention interventions. Figure S11. Mean differences by gender-neutral or gender targeted interventions and control arms in weight (kg) over time among weight loss studies. Figure S12. Funnel plot vs Standard Error – Weight (kg) in weight loss studies. Figure S13. Plots of the means for effect – Weight (kg) in weight loss studies. Figure S14. Model diagnostics – Weight (kg) in weight loss studies. Figure S15. Forest plot – Weight (kg) in weight loss studies.
Horseshoe Co-orbitals of Earth: Current Population and New Candidates
Creators: name: Kaplan, Murat
name: Cengiz, Sergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most co-orbital objects in the Solar system are thought to follow tadpole-type orbits, behaving as Trojans. However, most of Earth's identified co-orbitals are moving along horseshoe-type orbits. The current tally of minor bodies considered to be Earth co-orbitals amounts to 18; of them, 12 are horseshoes, five are quasi-satellites, and one is a Trojan. The semimajor axis values of all these bodies librate between $0.983$ au and $1.017$ au. In this work, we have studied the dynamical behaviour of objects following orbits with semimajor axis within this range that may be in a 1:1 mean-motion resonance with Earth. Our results show that asteroids 2016 CO$_{246}$, 2017 SL$_{16}$, and 2017 XQ$_{60}$ are moving along asymmetrical horseshoe-type orbits; the asteroid 2018 PN$_{22}$ follows a nearly symmetric or regular horseshoe-type orbit. Asteroids 2016 CO$_{246}$, 2017 SL$_{16}$, and 2017 XQ$_{60}$ can remain in the horseshoe co-orbital state for about $900$ yr, $3300$ yr and $2700$ yr, respectively. Asteroid 2018 PN$_{22}$ has a more chaotic dynamical behaviour; it may not stay in a horseshoe co-orbital state for more than 200 yr. The horseshoe libration periods of 2016 CO$_{246}$, 2017 SL$_{16}$, 2017 XQ$_{60}$, and 2018 PN$_{22}$ are 280, 255, 411, and 125 yr, respectively.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Comorbidity patterns and socioeconomic inequalities in children under 15 with medical complexity: a population-based study
Creators: name: Carrilero, Neus
name: Dalmau-Bueno, Albert
name: García-Altés, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Adjusted morbidity groups. Description of data: Details of the adjusted morbidity groups construction.
Self-similar pressure oscillations in neutron star envelopes as probes of neutron star structure
Creators: name: Chugunov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study eigenmodes of acoustic oscillations of high multipolarity l ~ 100 - 1000 and high frequency (~100 kHz), localized in neutron star envelopes. We show that the oscillation problem is self-similar. Once the oscillation spectrum is calculated for a given equation of state (EOS) in the envelope and given stellar mass M and radius R, it can be rescaled to a star with any M and R (but the same EOS in the envelope). For l>300 the modes can be subdivided into the outer and inner ones. The outer modes are mainly localized in the outer envelope. The inner modes are mostly localized near the neutron drip point, being associated with the softening of the EOS after the neutron drip. We calculate oscillation spectra for the EOSs of cold-catalyzed and accreted matter and show that the spectra of the inner modes are essentially different. A detection and identification of high-frequency pressure modes would allow one to infer M and R and determine also the EOS in the envelope (accreted or ground-state) providing thus a new and simple method to explore the main parameters and internal structure of neutron stars.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRAS
A quantitative analysis of Zimbabwe's land reform policy: An application of Zimbabwe SAM multipliers
Creators: name: Juana, James S.
name: Juana, James S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This study was designed to quantitatively investigate the economy-wide impact of land reform policies in Zimbabwe. Land reforms came with the realm of independence in Zimbabwe. Four models were used to implement the reform policies. The paper uses the updated 1991 Social Accounting Matrix for Zimbabwe and the Central Statistics Office's household data on resettled families in Zimbabwe. The paper computes the sectoral SAM multipliers and then uses household data on resettled families to simulate the impact of specific land reform models on the economy. The simulated results show that land reform, if well planned and systematically and carefully implemented, could generate economy-wide benefits for Zimbabwe and could lead to income redistribution in favour of low-income household groups, while maintaining an increase in households' aggregate income.
Locality and Scaling of Quenched Overlap Fermions
Creators: name: Draper, Terrence
name: Mathur, Nilmani
name: Zhang, Jianbo
name: Alexandru, Andrei
name: Chen, Ying
name: Dong, Shao-Jing
name: Horvath, Ivan
name: Lee, Frank
name: Tamhankar, Sonali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The overlap fermion offers the tremendous advantage of exact chiral symmetry on the lattice, but is numerically intensive. This can be made affordable while still providing large lattice volumes, by using coarse lattice spacing, given that good scaling and localization properties are established. Here, using overlap fermions on quenched Iwasaki gauge configurations, we demonstrate directly that the overlap Dirac operator's range is comfortably small in lattice units for each of the lattice spacings 0.20 fm, 0.17 fm, and 0.13 fm (and scales to zero in physical units in the continuum limit). In particular, our direct results contradict recent speculation that an inverse lattice spacing of $1 {\rm GeV}$ is too low to have satisfactory localization. Furthermore, hadronic masses (available on the two coarser lattices) scale very well.
description: Lattice 2005 (chiral fermions), 6 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Barriers to access and organization of primary health care services for rural riverside populations in the Amazon
Creators: name: Garnelo, Luiza
name: Parente, Rosana Cristina Pereira
name: Puchiarelli, Maria Laura Rezende
name: Correia, Priscilla Cabral
name: Matheus Vasconcelos Torres
name: Herkrath, Fernando José
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Paradigmi, Spie e Fallacie
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Questa è una raccolta di appunti per sviluppare una discussione sui vari aspetti dei paradigmi nelle scienze. Si amplia con spie e fallacie. Del paradigma indiziario ne parla Carlo Ginzburg. Si vedranno poi le fallacie, e come si arrivi ai topoi retorici, con uso di versi celebri, proverbi, favole e parabole. Incontreremo anche Ignazio di Loyola, in relazione all'argumentum ad baculum.
description: Si veda la nuova versione, dove si sono aggiunte ulteriori fallacie
Photon-assisted electron transport through a three-terminal quantum dot system with nonresonant tunneling channels
Creators: name: Kwapinski, T.
name: Taranko, R.
name: Taranko, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the electron transport through a quantum dot coupled to three leads in the presence of external microwave fields supplied to different parts of the considered mesoscopic system. Additionally, we introduced a possible nonresonant tunneling channels between leads. The quantum dot charge and currents were determined in terms of the appropriate evolution operator matrix elements and under the wide band limit the analytical formulas for time-averaged currents and differential conductance were obtained. We have also examined the response of the considered system on the rectangular-pulse modulation imposed on different quantum dot-leads barriers as well as the time-dependence of currents flowing in response to suddenly removed (or included) connection of a quantum dot with one of the leads.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures
The Wider Social Impacts of Changes in the Structure of Agricultural Businesses
Creators: name: Lobley, Matt
name: Potter, Clive
name: Butler, Allan J.
name: Whitehead, Ian
name: Millard, Nick
name: Lobley, Matt
name: Potter, Clive
name: Butler, Allan J.
name: Whitehead, Ian
name: Millard, Nick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness
Industrial Organization

description: Agricultural restructuring is not a new phenomenon. Indeed, recent decades have seen substantial changes, not only to the number and types of farmers and farm businesses, but also to ownership structures and to the relationship between land holding and management control. The Department of Food, Environment and Rural Affairs (Defra), together with the UK Countryside Agencies, has commissioned a body of research in recent years which, taken together, offer important insights into the nature, speed and extent of restructuring in the UK and of the potential for further, accelerated change in the years to come. From this body of work it is clear that a prolonged and difficult process of disengagement from agriculture as a mainstream income source is beginning to take place, with evidence of both adaptation and resistance to change by a land management community which is becoming increasingly diverse in its social composition and behaviour. The adjustment to farming practice, living standards and lifestyles which all of this implies is not without personal cost and, while claims of an agricultural crisis may be exaggerated, it is clear that large numbers of farmers are finding they have to make difficult adjustments against a shifting background of policy reform and market change. Moreover, given the traditional centrality of farmers in rural communities, both as employers and as participants in many of the key institutions of rural life, there may be wider social implications of agricultural restructuring which now deserve to be more closely investigated. What, for example is the nature, extent and wider significance of the personal costs and social implications of agricultural restructuring.
The effects of public funding on farmers' attitudes to farm diversification
Creators: name: Turner, Martin M.
name: Whitehead, Ian
name: Millard, Nick
name: Turner, Martin M.
name: Whitehead, Ian
name: Millard, Nick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
Farm Management

description: The overall aim of this research is to provide the UK Government with an evidence base from which it may be established whether there is a rationale for continuing Government intervention to encourage farm diversification, in particular through making capital grant funding available to farm diversification projects. The project's findings will inform the future role of government support, including whether other forms of support (advice, guidance and training) may be appropriate.
Unraveling liquid polymorphism in silicon driven out-of-equilibrium
Creators: name: Desgranges, Caroline
name: Delhommelle, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, we study the properties of supercooled liquids of Si under shear at T=1060K over a range of densities encompassing the low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid (HDL) forms. This enables us to generate nonequilibrium steady-states of the LDL and HDL polymorphs, that remain stabilized in their liquid forms for as long as the shear is applied. This is unlike the LDL and HDL forms at rest, which are metastable under those conditions and, when at rest, rapidly undergo a transition towards the crystal, i.e. the thermodynamically stable equilibrium phase. In particular, through a detailed analysis of the structural and energetic features of the liquids under shear, we identify the range of densities, as well as the range of shear rates, that give rise to the two forms. We also show how the competition between shear and tetrahedral order impacts the two-body entropy in steady-states of Si under shear. These results open the door to new ways of utilizing shear to stabilize forms that are metastable at rest and can exhibit unique properties, since, for instance, experiments on Si have shown that HDL is metallic, with no band gap, while LDL is semimetallic, with a pseudogap.
The Impact of Organic Farming on the Rural Economy in England
Creators: name: Lobley, Matt
name: Reed, Matthew J.
name: Butler, Allan J.
name: Lobley, Matt
name: Reed, Matthew J.
name: Butler, Allan J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Farm Management

description: This research report seeks to explore the hypothesis that organic farming provides an additional benefit to the rural economy over and above that of conventional agriculture, defined for the purposes of this project as "non-organic". The approach adopted involved tracing the socio-economic footprint of a range of farm business types. The concept of the socio-economic footprint represents a development of earlier research (Errington and Courtney 2000) tracing the economic footprints of small towns. In contrast to conventional economic analysis, the research focused on examining the socio-economic linkages associated with different types of farming such as sales and purchasing patterns but also evidence of social connectivity and embeddedness.
A possible association of the new VHE gamma-ray source HESS J1825--137 with the pulsar wind nebula G18.0--0.7
Creators: name: HESS Collaboration
name: Aharonian, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a possible association of the recently discovered very high-energy $γ$-ray source HESS J1825--137 with the pulsar wind nebula (commonly referred to as G 18.0--0.7) of the $2.1\times 10^{4}$ year old Vela-like pulsar PSR B1823--13. HESS J1825--137 was detected with a significance of 8.1 $σ$ in the Galactic Plane survey conducted with the H.E.S.S. instrument in 2004. The centroid position of HESS J1825--137 is offset by 11\arcmin south of the pulsar position. \emph{XMM-Newton} observations have revealed X-ray synchrotron emission of an asymmetric pulsar wind nebula extending to the south of the pulsar. We argue that the observed morphology and TeV spectral index suggest that HESS J1825--137 and G 18.0--0.7 may be associated: the lifetime of TeV emitting electrons is expected to be longer compared to the {\it XMM-Newton} X-ray emitting electrons, resulting in electrons from earlier epochs (when the spin-down power was larger) contributing to the present TeV flux. These electrons are expected to be synchrotron cooled, which explains the observed photon index of $\sim 2.4$, and the longer lifetime of TeV emitting electrons naturally explains why the TeV nebula is larger than the X-ray size. Finally, supernova remnant expansion into an inhomogeneous medium is expected to create reverse shocks interacting at different times with the pulsar wind nebula, resulting in the offset X-ray and TeV $γ$-ray morphology.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters
DAIRY '96, PART II: CHANGES IN THE U.S. DAIRY INDUSTRY: 1991-1996
Creators: name: Ott, Stephen L.
name: Ott, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: NAHMS
subject: dairy
subject: cattle
subject: demographics
subject: breed
subject: rolling herd average
subject: milk
subject: feed
subject: weaning
subject: vaccination
subject: morbidity
subject: mortality
subject: housing
subject: biosecurity

description: The NAHMS Dairy '96 Study was designed to provide both participants and the industry with information on the nation's dairy animal population for education and research. This report contains demographic changes of the U.S. and world dairy industry from a historical perspective from data provided by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Census of Agriculture, and Foreign Agriculture Service. Results of two NAHMS national studies overview changes in the U.S. dairy industry in the 5-year period of 1991 to 1996. The 1991 National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project included herds of 30 or more milk cows and heifer-rearing operations in 28 states representing 83 percent of U.S. milk cows. NAHMS Dairy '96 described dairy production for operations with one or more milk cows in 20 states representing 83 percent of the nation's milk cows. This report provides national estimates of animal health and health management practices for comparable populations from both studies. Contact for this paper: Steven Ott
Autocorrected Off-axis Holography of 2D Materials
Creators: name: Kern, Felix
name: Linck, Martin
name: Wolf, Daniel
name: Alem, Nasim
name: Arora, Himani
name: Gemming, Sibylle
name: Erbe, Artur
name: Zettl, Alex
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Lubk, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reduced dimensionality in two-dimensional materials leads a wealth of unusual properties, which are currently explored for both fundamental and applied sciences. In order to study the crystal structure, edge states, the formation of defects and grain boundaries, or the impact of adsorbates, high resolution microscopy techniques are indispensible. Here we report on the development of an electron holography (EH) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique, which facilitates high spatial resolution by an automatic correction of geometric aberrations. Distinguished features of EH beyond conventional TEM imaging are the gap-free spatial information signal transfer and higher dose efficiency for certain spatial frequency bands as well as direct access to the projected electrostatic potential of the 2D material. We demonstrate these features at the example of h-BN, at which we measure the electrostatic potential as a function of layer number down to the monolayer limit and obtain evidence for a systematic increase of the potential at the zig-zag edges.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
BEEF '97, PART I: REFERENCE OF 1997 BEEF COW-CALF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Creators: name: Dargatz, David
name: Dargatz, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: NAHMS
subject: beef
subject: cattle
subject: cow-calf
subject: labor
subject: identification
subject: weaning
subject: marketing
subject: breeding
subject: calving

description: The NAHMS Beef '97 Study was designed to provide both participants and the industry with information on the nation's cow-calf population for education and research. The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with NAHMS to select a statistically-valid sample yielding 2,713 producers from 23 states. The 23-state target population represented 85.7 percent of U.S. beef cows on January 1, 1997, and 77.6 percent of U.S. beef operations. NASS enumerators collected data for this report via a questionnaire administered on-farm from December 30, 1996, through February 3, 1997. Contact for this paper: David Dargatz
Classical nature of light——classical interpretation of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Xu, Langlang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 20504 Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Quantum Mechanics
subject: 20604 Quantum Optics
subject: 20501 Classical and Physical Optics

description: We understand quantum behavior by extrapolating from experimental results, with the progress of technology and the deepening of research, we've got more clues, with these clues, make it possible to further understand its nature. This paper will stand on the perspective of pure classical physics, from the simple to the deep, first from a classical scene to simulate the nature of photon, and then according to this new interpretation to explain some experiments, we found that the interpretation based on the classical has a better compatibility for the experiment.
Neutrino Mass Textures with Maximal CP Violation
Creators: name: Aizawa, Ichiro
name: Kitabayashi, Teruyuki
name: Yasue, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found three types of neutrino mass textures, which give maximal CP-violation as well as maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing. These textures are described by six real mass parameters: one specified by two complex flavor neutrino masses and two constrained ones and the others specified by three complex flavor neutrino masses. In each texture, we calculate mixing angles and masses as well as Majorana CP phases.
description: 10 pages, RevTex, no figures, references updated, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
REFERENCE OF 1996 U.S. SHEEP HEALTH AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Creators: name: Wineland, Nora
name: Wineland, Nora
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: NAHMS
subject: sheep
subject: health
subject: disease
subject: death
subject: morbidity
subject: mortality
subject: economics
subject: predators
subject: vaccinations
subject: antibiotics
subject: income
subject: worms
subject: reproduction
subject: profitability

description: In 1995, the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) collaborated with the Research and Education Division of the American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) in developing a needs assessment tool to identify the most important health and productivity factors for the sheep industry. In collaboration with the USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), a statistically designed producer sample was selected to provide estimates for the United States sheep population in the 48 contiguous states. The NAHMS/ASI questionnaires were mailed to 19,807 sheep operations in January 1996; data were received and summarized from 5,174 respondents. It was estimated that in the 48 contiguous states, there were 82,040 operations with sheep as of 1995; approximately 85 percent of the operations were farm flocks. The illnesses estimated to be present on the highest number of operations included stomach/intestinal worms (49 percent), mastitis (38 percent), footrot (28 percent), and scours (28 percent). It was estimated that 86 percent of sheep received some form of clostridium vaccine and 66 percent of sheep received ivermectin during the previous three years. Thirty-five percent of operations were estimated to have used antibiotics in feed or water within the past three years. Fifty-five percent of operations were estimated to use flushing for reproductive management. It was estimated that 66 percent of operations used some method of predator management. Wool was a source of income on an estimated 77 percent of operations ; slaughter lambs were a source of income on an estimated 72 percent of operations. Conditions that limited profitability on the greatest estimated number of operations were price volatility (50 percent) and cost of feed (43 percent). Contact for this paper: Nora Wineland
New methods and instrumentation for electrospray ionization -- mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Schneider, Bradley B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A current challenge in the field of ESI-MS is the development of high-throughput methods and devices to use a mass spectrometer more efficiently. This research provides means to improve the interface between the ion source and the mass spectrometer, and insights into the mechanism involved as ions traverse the interface region. In addition, new methods and instrumentation to improve the sensitivity, stability, and throughput of an ESI-MS are developed. This thesis deals with improving the motion of ions within the atmospheric pressure source region and the interface region of an ESI-MS. The first section describes the development of a model for the determination of the rates of collision - induced dissociation (CID) of biomolecules within the interface region of an ESI-MS. The model describes the variation of the gas number density within the first stage of the vacuum system. Various factors, such as the mass of the collision gas, the mass of the ion, the collision energy, and the properties of the collision gas are investigated. This model is used to predict the degree of fragmentation for biomolecules with various instrumental parameters. The mechanisms leading to ion fragmentation in the interface region are investigated in order to increase the degree of structural information that can be obtained from ESI-MS. The second part of this thesis introduces a new method of focusing ions generated within the atmospheric pressure ion source region. This section describes the development of improved ESI sources based upon the incorporation of an atmospheric pressure ion lens near the tip of the electrospray capillary. The new ion sources are more stable and more sensitive than previous ones. Various parameters, such as lens potential, lens position, sprayer orientation, and solution flow rate are examined. The new ion sources are particularly beneficial for the analysis of protein digests because the lens increases the ratio of multiply charged ions relative to singly charged ions. In addition, the background noise is decreased and the positional requirements for the sprayer are reduced. The third part describes the extension of the ion lens technology to address issues in high-throughput ESI-MS. This section describes the use of potentials applied to atmospheric pressure ion lenses to enable and disable multiple sprayer ion sources. New two and four-sprayer ion sources are developed and tested. These multiple sprayer ion sources greatly increase the sample throughput when compared to commercial single sprayer ion sources. The mechanical blocking devices that are currently used for indexing of commercial multiple sprayer ion sources are no longer needed. This simple setup is much less expensive, and can very rapidly enable and disable the individual sprayers. In addition, these new high throughput ion sources are capable of simultaneously sampling ions from more than one electrospray capillary.
Secondary pairing in gapless color-superconducting quark matter
Creators: name: Alford, Mark
name: Wang, Qing-hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate secondary pairing in a model of a color superconductor with a quadratic gapless dispersion relation for the quasiquarks of the primary pairing. Our model mimics the physics of the sector of blue up and red strange quarks in gapless color-flavor-locked quark matter. The secondary pairing opens up a gap Delta_s in the quark spectrum, and we confirm Hong's prediction that in typical secondary channels Delta_s is proportional to G_s^2 for coupling strength G_s. This shows that the large density of states of the quadratically gapless mode greatly enhances the secondary pairing over the standard BCS result, in which Delta is proportional to exp(-const/G). In all of the secondary channels that we analyzed we find that the secondary gap, even with this enhancement, is from ten to hundreds of times smaller than the primary gap at reasonable values of the secondary coupling, indicating that secondary pairing does not generically resolve the magnetic instability of the gapless phase.
description: 11 pages; clarifications of text
BEEF '97, PART III: REFERENCE OF 1997 BEEF COW-CALF PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT AND DISEASE CONTROL
Creators: name: Dargatz, David
name: Dargatz, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: NAHMS
subject: beef
subject: cattle
subject: cow-calf
subject: breeding
subject: SPA
subject: price impact
subject: environment
subject: weaning
subject: economics
subject: disease
subject: Johne's
subject: marketing

description: The NAHMS Beef '97 Study was designed to provide both participants and the industry with information on the nation's cow-calf population for education and research. The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with NAHMS to select a statistically-valid sample yielding 2,713 producers from 23 states. The 23-state target population represented 85.7 percent of U.S. beef cows on January 1, 1997, and 77.6 percent of U.S. beef operations. Federal and state Veterinary Medical Officers (VMO's) and Animal Health Technicians (AHT's) collected data for this report on-farm from March 3, 1996, through May 23, 1997, from 1,190 operations that had five or more beef cows on January 1, 1997. Contact For This Paper: David Dargatz
Temperature-Dependent Anisotropic Magnetoresistance and Spin-Torque-Driven Vortex Dynamics in a Single Microdisk
Creators: name: Lendinez, Sergi
name: Polakovic, Tomas
name: Ding, Junjia
name: Jungfleisch, Matthias Benjamin
name: Pearson, John E.
name: Hoffmann, Axel
name: Novosad, Valentine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit-torque-driven dynamics have recently gained interest in the field of magnetism due to the reduced requirement of current densities and an increase in efficiency, as well as the ease of implementation of different devices and materials. From a practical point of view, the low-frequency dynamics below 1 GHz is particularly interesting since dynamics associated with magnetic domains lie in this frequency range. While spin-torque excitation of high-frequency modes has been extensively studied, the intermediate low-frequency dynamics have received less attention, although spin torques could potentially be used for both manipulation of the spin texture, as well as the excitation of dynamics. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to drive magnetic vortex dynamics in a single microdisk by spin-Hall torque at varying temperatures, and relate the results to transport properties. We find that the gyrotropic mode of the core couples to the low-frequency microwave signal and produces a measurable voltage. The dynamic measurements are in agreement with magnetic transport measurements and are supported by micromagnetic simulations. Our results open the door for integrating magnetic vortex devices in spintronic applications.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures