cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19
Creators: name: Nouailles, Geraldine
name: Wyler, Emanuel
name: Pennitz, Peter
name: Postmus, Dylan
name: Vladimirova, Daria
name: Kazmierski, Julia
name: Pott, Fabian
name: Dietert, Kristina
name: Muelleder, Michael
name: Farztdinov, Vadim
name: Obermayer, Benedikt
name: Wienhold, Sandra-Maria
name: Andreotti, Sandro
name: Hoefler, Thomas
name: Sawitzki, Birgit
name: Drosten, Christian
name: Sander, Leif E.
name: Suttorp, Norbert
name: Ralser, Markus
name: Beule, Dieter
name: Gruber, Achim D.
name: Goffinet, Christine
name: Landthaler, Markus
name: Trimpert, Jakob
name: Witzenrath, Martin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: Syrian hamsters
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: Acute respiratory syndrome
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: In COVID-19, immune responses are key in determining disease severity. However, cellular mechanisms at the onset of inflammatory lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly involving endothelial cells, remain ill-defined. Using Syrian hamsters as a model for moderate COVID-19, we conduct a detailed longitudinal analysis of systemic and pulmonary cellular responses, and corroborate it with datasets from COVID-19 patients. Monocyte-derived macrophages in lungs exert the earliest and strongest transcriptional response to infection, including induction of pro-inflammatory genes, while epithelial cells show weak alterations. Without evidence for productive infection, endothelial cells react, depending on cell subtypes, by strong and early expression of anti-viral, pro-inflammatory, and T cell recruiting genes. Recruitment of cytotoxic T cells as well as emergence of IgM antibodies precede viral clearance at day 5 post infection. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters thus identifies cell type-specific effector functions, providing detailed insights into pathomechanisms of COVID-19 and informing therapeutic strategies.
Collisionless plasma interpenetration in a strong magnetic field for laboratory astrophysics experiments
Creators: name: Korneev, Philipp
name: d'Humières, Emmanuel
name: Tikhonchuk, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical analysis for astrophysics-oriented laser-matter interaction experiments in the presence of a strong ambient magnetic field is presented. It is shown that the plasma collision in the ambient magnetic field implies significant perturbations in the electron density and magnetic field distribution. This transient stage is difficult to observe in astrophysical phenomena, but it could be investigated in laboratory experiments. Analytic models are presented, which are supported by particle-in-cell simulations.
Drebrin controls scar formation and astrocyte reactivity upon traumatic brain injury by regulating membrane trafficking
Creators: name: Schiweck, Juliane
name: Murk, Kai
name: Ledderose, Julia
name: Münster-Wandowski, Agnieszka
name: Ornaghi, Marta
name: Vida, Imre
name: Eickholt, Britta J.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Brain
subject: Regenerate neurons
subject: Neurodegeneration
subject: Drebrin (DBN)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The brain of mammals lacks a significant ability to regenerate neurons and is thus particularly vulnerable. To protect the brain from injury and disease, damage control by astrocytes through astrogliosis and scar formation is vital. Here, we show that brain injury in mice triggers an immediate upregulation of the actin-binding protein Drebrin (DBN) in astrocytes, which is essential for scar formation and maintenance of astrocyte reactivity. In turn, DBN loss leads to defective astrocyte scar formation and excessive neurodegeneration following brain injuries. At the cellular level, we show that DBN switches actin homeostasis from ARP2/3-dependent arrays to microtubule-compatible scaffolds, facilitating the formation of RAB8-positive membrane tubules. This injury-specific RAB8 membrane compartment serves as hub for the trafficking of surface proteins involved in astrogliosis and adhesion mediators, such as β1-integrin. Our work shows that DBN-mediated membrane trafficking in astrocytes is an important neuroprotective mechanism following traumatic brain injury in mice.
Surface atmospheric pressure excitation of the translational mode of the inner core
Creators: name: Rosat, Séverine
name: Boy, J. -P.
name: Rogister, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using hourly atmospheric surface pressure field from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and from NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) models, we show that atmospheric pressure fluctuations excite the translational oscillation of the inner core, the so-called Slichter mode, to the sub-nanogal level at the Earth surface. The computation is performed using a normal-mode formalism for a spherical, self-gravitating anelastic PREM-like Earth model. We determine the statistical response in the form of power spectral densities of the degree-one spherical harmonic components of the observed pressure field. Both hypotheses of inverted and non-inverted barometer for the ocean response to pressure forcing are considered. Based on previously computed noise levels, we show that the surface excitation amplitude is below the limit of detection of the superconducting gravimeters, making the Slichter mode detection a challenging instrumental task for the near future.
SARS-CoV-2-mediated dysregulation of metabolism and autophagy uncovers host-targeting antivirals
Creators: name: Gassen, Nils C.
name: Papies, Jan
name: Bajaj, Thomas
name: Emanuel, Jackson
name: Dethloff, Frederik
name: Chua, Robert Lorenz
name: Trimpert, Jakob
name: Heinemann, Nicolas
name: Niemeyer, Christine
name: Weege, Friderike
name: Hönzke, Katja
name: Aschman, Tom
name: Heinz, Daniel E.
name: Weckmann, Katja
name: Ebert, Tim
name: Zellner, Andreas
name: Lennarz, Martina
name: Wyler, Emanuel
name: Schroeder, Simon
name: Richter, Anja
name: Niemeyer, Daniela
name: Hoffmann, Karen
name: Meyer, Thomas F.
name: Heppner, Frank L.
name: Corman, Victor M.
name: Landthaler, Markus
name: Hocke, Andreas C.
name: Morkel, Markus
name: Osterrieder, Nikolaus
name: Conrad, Christian
name: Eils, Roland
name: Radbruch, Helena
name: Giavalisco, Patrick
name: Drosten, Christian
name: Müller, Marcel A.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: Cellular metabolism
subject: Macromolecule recycling processes
subject: COVID-19
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Viruses manipulate cellular metabolism and macromolecule recycling processes like autophagy. Dysregulated metabolism might lead to excessive inflammatory and autoimmune responses as observed in severe and long COVID-19 patients. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 modulates cellular metabolism and reduces autophagy. Accordingly, compound-driven induction of autophagy limits SARS-CoV-2 propagation. In detail, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells show accumulation of key metabolites, activation of autophagy inhibitors (AKT1, SKP2) and reduction of proteins responsible for autophagy initiation (AMPK, TSC2, ULK1), membrane nucleation, and phagophore formation (BECN1, VPS34, ATG14), as well as autophagosome-lysosome fusion (BECN1, ATG14 oligomers). Consequently, phagophore-incorporated autophagy markers LC3B-II and P62 accumulate, which we confirm in a hamster model and lung samples of COVID-19 patients. Single-nucleus and single-cell sequencing of patient-derived lung and mucosal samples show differential transcriptional regulation of autophagy and immune genes depending on cell type, disease duration, and SARS-CoV-2 replication levels. Targeting of autophagic pathways by exogenous administration of the polyamines spermidine and spermine, the selective AKT1 inhibitor MK-2206, and the BECN1-stabilizing anthelmintic drug niclosamide inhibit SARS-CoV-2 propagation in vitro with IC50 values of 136.7, 7.67, 0.11, and 0.13 μM, respectively. Autophagy-inducing compounds reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation in primary human lung cells and intestinal organoids emphasizing their potential as treatment options against COVID-19.
Dynamical Casimir-Polder interaction between an atom and surface plasmons
Creators: name: Haakh, Harald R.
name: Henkel, Carsten
name: Spagnolo, Salvatore
name: Rizzuto, Lucia
name: Passante, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the time-dependent Casimir-Polder potential of a polarizable two-level atom placed near a surface of arbitrary material, after a sudden change in the parameters of the system. Different initial conditions are taken into account. For an initially bare ground-state atom, the time-dependent Casimir-Polder energy reveals how the atom is "being dressed" by virtual, matter-assisted photons. We also study the transient behavior of the Casimir-Polder interaction between the atom and the surface starting from a partially dressed state, after an externally induced change in the atomic level structure or transition dipoles. The Heisenberg equations are solved through an iterative technique for both atomic and field operators in the medium-assisted electromagnetic field quantization scheme. We analyze in particular how the time evolution of the interaction energy depends on the optical properties of the surface, in particular on the dispersion relationof surface plasmon polaritons. The physical significance and the limits of validity of the obtained results are discussed in detail.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Motivational Predictors of Academic Risk-Taking
Creators: name: Barber, Danette Dee
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2020
Subjects: Education; Educational Psychology; Statistics and Probability

description: Students benefit when they are willing to engage in optimal challenges (Clifford, 1991). Engagement in challenges, however, comes with academic risks, as failure may be a result. This study investigated motivational factors, including expectancy, subjective task value, mastery goal orientation, and performance avoidance goal orientation as predictors of achievement-related outcomes, including course grade and academic risk-taking. Data were collected from 317 university students enrolled in education classes. Students were given a reading passage and asked to choose questions to answer based on the passage. Students who chose harder questions were categorized as taking more risk. Students also answered questions about demographics, prior achievement, and current class grade. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Results found that students who reported higher expectancy and value also reported higher mastery goal orientation, and that students who reported higher cost also reported higher performance avoidance goal orientation and lower course grades. Additionally, performance goal orientation was found to significantly predict academic risk-taking, but not course grade. Mastery goal orientation was not found to significantly predict academic risktaking. Cost was found to have an indirect effect on academic risk-taking mediated by performance avoidance goal orientation. Results suggest that student perceptions of cost may influence achievement-related outcomes both directly, as in the case of course grade, and indirectly, as in the case of academic risk-taking. Results of this study suggest that students perceptions of cost may impact performance avoidance goal orientation, which may in turn influence participation in optimally challenging tasks.
Gas and dust in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group as seen by the Herschel Space Observatory
Creators: name: Riviere-Marichalar, P.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Montesinos, B.
name: Duchêne, G.
name: Bouy, H.
name: Pinte, C.
name: Menard, F.
name: Donaldson, J.
name: Eiroa, C.
name: Krivov, A. V.
name: Kamp, I.
name: Mendigutía, I.
name: Dent, W. R. F.
name: Lillo-Box, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Debris discs are thought to be formed through the collisional grinding of planetesimals, and can be considered as the outcome of planet formation. Understanding the properties of gas and dust in debris discs can help us to comprehend the architecture of extrasolar planetary systems. Herschel Space Observatory far-infrared (IR) photometry and spectroscopy have provided a valuable dataset for the study of debris discs gas and dust composition. This paper is part of a series of papers devoted to the study of Herschel PACS observations of young stellar associations. Aims. This work aims at studying the properties of discs in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group (BPMG) through far-IR PACS observations of dust and gas. Methods. We obtained Herschel-PACS far-IR photometric observations at 70, 100 and 160 microns of 19 BPMG members, together with spectroscopic observations of four of them. Spectroscopic observations were centred at 63.18 microns and 157 microns, aiming to detect [OI] and [CII] emission. We incorporated the new far-IR observations in the SED of BPMG members and fitted modified blackbody models to better characterise the dust content. Results. We have detected far-IR excess emission toward nine BPMG members, including the first detection of an IR excess toward HD 29391.The star HD 172555, shows [OI] emission, while HD 181296, shows [CII] emission, expanding the short list of debris discs with a gas detection. No debris disc in BPMG is detected in both [OI] and [CII]. The discs show dust temperatures in the range 55 to 264 K, with low dust masses (6.6*10^{-5} MEarth to 0.2 MEarth) and radii from blackbody models in the range 3 to 82 AU. All the objects with a gas detection are early spectral type stars with a hot dust component.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables
The Relationship between Tree Canopy and Social Capital on Physical Activity in UNLV Students
Creators: name: Bartshe, Melissa
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2020
Subjects: Environmental Health; Environmental Health and Protection; Public Health

description: Despite the numerous health benefits, rates of physical activity are low, especially among the college student population. Neighborhood tree canopy is one aspect of the built environment that has been shown to positively impact physical activity. Social capital has also been correlated with higher rates of physical activity. The sprawling urban design and arid desert climate of Las Vegas pose unique challenges to both tree canopy and social capital. Additionally, the relationship between tree canopy, social capital, and physical activity is understudied in the college student population. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of tree canopy and social capital on self-reported minutes of physical activity in college students in Las Vegas. This study utilized survey data from students at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) to calculate social capital and self-reported minutes of physical activity. Tree canopy data from the Nevada Department of Forestrys Las Vegas Urban Tree Canopy study and spatial analysis in ArcGIS were used to assess the tree canopy coverage within a 1km walk buffer around each participants home. Logistic regression was used to determine if tree canopy and social capital predicted whether participants met the physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes per week. The study found that only 42.1% of UNLV students met the physical activity recommendations and males were more likely than females to be meet the recommendations (OR = 0.499; 95% CI = 0.301, 0.827). Study findings support the hypothesis that social capital is a significant predictor of physical activity among the study participants (OR = 1.184; 95% CI = 1.077, 1.302). Findings do not support the hypothesis that tree canopy predicts physical activity (OR = 0.132; 95% CI = 0.990, 1.079). Public health interventions targeted at enhancing social capital in college students may be effective at increasing physical activity. These findings suggest the need for further investigations into built environment correlates of physical activity for specific populations, such as college students, in sprawling, desert environments.
Spin-orbit torque opposing the Oersted torque in ultrathin Co/Pt bilayers
Creators: name: Skinner, T. D.
name: Wang, M.
name: Hindmarch, A. T.
name: Rushforth, A. W.
name: Irvine, A. C.
name: Heiss, D.
name: Kurebayashi, H.
name: Ferguson, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current-induced torques in ultrathin Co/Pt bilayers were investigated using an electrically driven FMR technique. The angle dependence of the resonances, detected by a rectification effect as a voltage, were analysed to determine the symmetries and relative magnitudes of the spin-orbit torques. Both anti-damping (Slonczewski) and field-like torques were observed. As the ferromagnet thickness was reduced from 3 to 1 nm, the sign of the field-like torque reversed. This observation is consistent with the emergence of a Rashba spin orbit torque in ultra-thin bilayers.
Multiplexed histology analyses for the phenotypic and spatial characterization of human innate lymphoid cells
Creators: name: Pascual-Reguant, Anna
name: Köhler, Ralf
name: Mothes, Ronja
name: Bauherr, Sandy
name: Hernández, Daniela C.
name: Uecker, Ralf
name: Holzwarth, Karolin
name: Kotsch, Katja
name: Seidl, Maximilian
name: Philipsen, Lars
name: Müller, Werner
name: Romagnani, Chiara
name: Niesner, Raluca
name: Hauser, Anja E.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
subject: Multiplexed immunofluorescence technique
subject: Multiparametric histological analysis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) emerge in the last few years as important regulators of immune responses and biological processes. Although ILCs are mainly known as tissue-resident cells, their precise localization and interactions with the microenvironment are still unclear. Here we combine a multiplexed immunofluorescence technique and a customized computational, open-source analysis pipeline to unambiguously identify CD127+ ILCs in situ and characterize these cells and their microenvironments. Moreover, we reveal the transcription factor IRF4 as a marker for tonsillar ILC3, and identify conserved stromal landmarks characteristic for ILC localization. We also show that CD127+ ILCs share tissue niches with plasma cells in the tonsil. Our works thus provide a platform for multiparametric histological analysis of ILCs to improve our understanding of ILC biology.
Studies Of Sound Propagation In The Acoustic Trachea: An Experimental, Anatomical And Numerical Approach
Creators: name: Veitch, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: C100 - Biology

description: Bush-crickets (Ensifera: Tettigoniidae) rely on the perception of sound to detect and localise predators and potential mates, and this has led to the development of complex ears. This is not confined to bush-crickets, and a variety of sound detection and localisation mechanisms have arisen in other ensiferans and tetrapods. This thesis aims to summarise the literature across these two groups to provide an overview of auditory anatomy and directional hearing. Bush-crickets possess ears in their forelegs to detect and localise sound predators and potential mates. Each ear consists of two tympanic membranes which are exposed to sound both externally, where sound transmits to the ear through the environment, and internally, via an ear canal derived from the respiratory system. As sound propagates through the ear canal it reduces in velocity, causing a time delay between the arrival of the internal and external input. The delay was suspected to arise as sound propagation changes from adiabatic to isothermal, caused by the ear canal geometry. If true, then the reduction in sound velocity should persist independently of the gas composition in the ear canal. This method was first simulated on a simplified plastic model of the ear canal, formed by a linear tube with an opening at one end for sound input, and a balloon membrane at the other for sound reception. A probe-loudspeaker was used to project a signal into the linear tube, and laser Doppler vibrometer recorded the arrival time of the signal at the membrane. A reduction in sound propagation velocity was observed in the linear tube. The sound propagation velocity through air and carbon dioxide was also quantified. Experiments were then conducted on specimens of Copiphora gorgonensis. By integrating laser Doppler vibrometry, micro-CT scanning, and numerical analysis on 3D geometries of each experimental animal ear, we demonstrate that the narrowing radius of the ear canal is the main factor reducing sound velocity. The numerical simulations of the sound propagation use the precise 3D geometry of the ear canal and take into account the viscous and thermal boundary layers formed near the wall of the ear canal; whose thickness also depend on the tube radius. Likewise, the ear canal is asymmetrically bifurcated at the tympana organ location (one branch for each tympanic membrane) creating two additional internal sound paths and imposing different sound velocities for each tympanic membrane. Therefore, external and internal inputs add up to four auditory paths for each ear (to compare, only one for humans). Implication of findings in avian directional hearing and potential applications in acoustic triangulation devices are discussed.
Live-cell imaging of circadian clock protein dynamics in CRISPR-generated knock-in cells
Creators: name: Gabriel, Christian H.
name: Olmo, Marta Del
name: Zehtabian, Amin
name: Jäger, Marten
name: Reischl, Silke
name: Dijk, Hannah Van
name: Ulbricht, Carolin
name: Rakhymzhan, Asylkhan
name: Korte, Thomas
name: Koller, Barbara
name: Grudziecki, Astrid
name: Maier, Bert
name: Herrmann, Andreas
name: Niesner, Raluca
name: Zemojtel, Tomasz
name: Ewers, Helge
name: Granada, Adrián E.
name: Herzel, Hanspeter
name: Kramer, Achim
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell biology of circadian clocks
subject: CRISPR technology
subject: CRY1
subject: PER2
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The cell biology of circadian clocks is still in its infancy. Here, we describe an efficient strategy for generating knock-in reporter cell lines using CRISPR technology that is particularly useful for genes expressed transiently or at low levels, such as those coding for circadian clock proteins. We generated single and double knock-in cells with endogenously expressed PER2 and CRY1 fused to fluorescent proteins allowing us to simultaneously monitor the dynamics of CRY1 and PER2 proteins in live single cells. Both proteins are highly rhythmic in the nucleus of human cells with PER2 showing a much higher amplitude than CRY1. Surprisingly, CRY1 protein is nuclear at all circadian times indicating the absence of circadian gating of nuclear import. Furthermore, in the nucleus of individual cells CRY1 abundance rhythms are phase-delayed (similar to 5 hours), and CRY1 levels are much higher (>5 times) compared to PER2 questioning the current model of the circadian oscillator.
Oral Localization of Scardovia Wiggsiae
Creators: name: Carr, Graydon Ramos
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2020
Subjects: Epidemiology; Microbiology; Pathology

description: Early childhood caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States among children. The formation of caries is a complex, multifactorial process that is still being studied. Researchers have thought for years that Streptococcus mutans was the primary causative agent of early childhood caries. The recent discovery of a novel cariogenic pathogen, Scardovia wiggsiae and its significant contribution to the etiology of early childhood caries has led oral health researchers to re-evaluate this microorganism and its link to this disease. While there have been several projects undertaken within the University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Dental Medicine (UNLV SDM), the majority of them have analyzed the overall prevalence in saliva amongst different categories of our clinic population.To date, no studies at UNLV SDM have sought to determine the precise location of S. wiggsiae in the oral cavity amongst those patients harboring this bacterium. The purpose of this study was to determine where in the oral cavity, if any, S. wiggiae primarily resides. This may shed light on the best prophylactic means of reducing the risk for S. wiggiae induced ECC. Sample collection during this study was performed using paper points in multiple sites within the oral cavity, evaluating both hard and soft tissues. A DNA quality and quantitative evaluation was also performed on all samples collected, to determine the efficacy of paper point sample collection in our dental clinic in hopes to pave way for this technique to be used in future studies within the UNLV SDM.
ODD protocol for model from Agent-based models of the cultural evolution of occupational gender roles
Creators: name: Cross, C. P.
name: Boothroyd, L. G.
name: Jefferson, C. A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The causes of sex differences in human behaviour are contested, with ‘evolutionary’ and ‘social’ explanations often being pitted against each other in the literature. Recent work showing positive correlations between indices of gender equality and the size of sex differences in behaviour has been argued to show support for ‘evolutionary’ over ‘social’ approaches. This argument, however, neglects the potential for social learning to generate arbitrary gender segregation. In the current paper we simulate, using agent-based models, a population where agents exist as one of two ‘types’ and can use social information about which types of agents are performing which ‘roles’ within their environment. We find that agents self-segregate into different roles even where real differences in performance do not exist, if there is a common belief (modelled as priors) that group differences may exist in ‘innate’ competence. Facilitating role changes such that agents should move without cost to the predicted highest-rewards for their skills (i.e. fluidity of the labour market) reduced segregation, while forcing extended exploration of different roles eradicated gender segregation. These models are interpreted in terms of bio-cultural evolution, and the impact of social learning on the expression of gender roles.
Development of an Electrochemical Sensor based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Detection of Taggant Molecules
Creators: name: Whittaker, Nancy
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: F100 - Chemistry

description: The uses of molecularly imprinted polymers and electrochemical analysis are not new technology, however, there are few entries in the literature that use a combination of the two in order to create a highly selective, specific and sensitive technique – and thus, are of great forensic interest. This study utilises these technologies to create a sensor for 2,3-dimethyl?2,3-di-nitrobutane (DMNB), a military-used taggant, commonly found in explosives.The response of DMNB was analysed using cyclic voltammetry followed by differential pulse voltammetry. Polymerisation was achieved following a computational approach using density functional (B3LYP) and semi empirical (PM3) models. The favoured monomer and ratio were determined as pyrrole at a 6:1 ratio to DMNB. The formation of the MIP was somewhat successful, but requires changes to improve the signal, to identify the peak potentials for DMNB and maintain the peak potential. The current method outlined in this study cannot be used to create an MIP for DMNB and requires some adjustments, such as derivatisation, using MTBSTFA as the derivatisation agent. This would also include pyrrole at a 3:1 concentration ratio to DMNB, which was determined as the optimal ratio. The use of derivatisation will lower the polarity of DMNB and thus increases its solubility, lessening the impact of water in the buffer solution as well as increasing the number and complexity of interactions for the MIP. This should also enable the use of the buffer in the working solution to determine the peak potentials for DMNB under this method.It also attempts to apply 3D printing technology to this method, by printing a carbon electrode as a cheaper alternative to glassy carbon electrodes routinely used in electrochemical analysis. A conductive polylactic acid (PLA) filament was determined as the best option to use in a rod-like shape for ease of application, however, implementing this would prove difficult for this molecule at this stage.
Utilizing Breathing Techniques to Maximize Training Performance
Creators: name: Cater, Peyton
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry; Kinesiology; Medical Physiology; Physiology

description: Anaerobic exercise causes metabolic acidosis to occur in the muscle, which is unfavorable for sustaining high intensity activity, as fatigue starts to set in. In order to compensate for the onset of fatigue produced by an acidic environment, respiratory alkalosis, induced by hyperventilation, can be performed to mitigate these effects. In contrast, research has shown that slowing down the breath rate, such as a two second inhale and three second exhale, has led to an increase in performance outcomes. Purpose: To investigate power output and the physiological responses after implementation of different breathing techniques during the recovery periods of intermittent high intensity cycling. Methods: Ten recreationally active participants (four females and six males) performed 10 sets of 10 second standing sprints on a WattBike with 60 seconds of recovery between sets. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, participants implemented a breathing condition (hyperventilation, downregulation, and unregulated breathing) during the recovery periods of the exercise protocol. Hyperventilation was performed in the last 30 seconds of each recovery period at a breathing rate of 60 breaths per minute (bpm) to decrease the end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2). Downregulation was performed immediately following the sprint set and began with 8 quick breaths at a rate of 60 bpm followed by slowing down the breath rate to a two second inhale and four second exhale for the remainder of the recovery period. Mean and peak power outputs were examined for each sprint set to compare how the breathing conditions affected training performance over time. Results: No significant difference in mean and peak power outputs were found between conditions (mean power: p = .485, peak power: p =.148) and no significant condition x time interaction was found for mean (p = .553) and peak power outputs (p =.341). Conclusion: Neither hyperventilation nor downregulation attenuated the decrease in power output across sprint sets, indicating that implementing these breathing conditions may not be useful for improving training performance. However, it is possible that these breathing techniques need to be practiced and perfected over time to elicit performance enhancements.
Guiding-center Hall viscosity and intrinsic dipole moment along edges of incompressible fractional quantum Hall fluids
Creators: name: Park, YeJe
name: Haldane, F. D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discontinuity of guiding-center Hall viscosity (a bulk property) at edges of incompressible quantum Hall fluids is associated with the presence of an intrinsic electric dipole moment on the edge. If there is a gradient of drift velocity due to a non-uniform electric field, the discontinuity in the induced stress is exactly balanced by the electric force on the dipole. The total Hall viscosity has two distinct contributions: a "trivial" contribution associated with the geometry of the Landau orbits, and a non-trivial contribution associated with guiding-center correlations. We describe a relation between the guiding-center edge-dipole moment and "momentum polarization", which relates the guiding-center part of the bulk Hall viscosity to the "orbital entanglement spectrum(OES)". We observe that using the computationally-more-onerous "real-space entanglement spectrum (RES)" just adds the trivial Landau-orbit contribution to the guiding-center part. This shows that all the non-trivial information is completely contained in the OES, which also exposes a fundamental topological quantity $γ$ = $\tilde c-ν$, the difference between the "chiral stress-energy anomaly" (or signed conformal anomaly) and the chiral charge anomaly. This quantity characterizes correlated fractional quantum Hall fluids, and vanishes in uncorrelated integer quantum Hall fluids.
Exploring the use of Virtual Reality with Language Learning
Creators: name: Jones, Sean
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: I100 - Computer science
X220 - Study skills

description: This research aimed to explore the potential of using VR as a tool within language learning. This research is broken down into two studies, one that explores the issues of language learning within classrooms and another that creates a series of VR experiences with the aim of combating these issues. The research identified key aspects to be considered when making the experiences, such as, creating an enjoyable experience, building confidence and making something authentic and contextual. The results from the second study found that the experiences increased confidence; was a stimulating and positively challenging experience and was described by all participants as a tool they would like to use in their language learning. The research also found that in order to make it a more useful experience, an element of feedback on performance could be included. Overall, this study has demonstrated that there is a large amount of potential for VR to be used in relation to language learning in a classroom setting.
Machine Learning for Prediction of Trabecular and Cortical Bone Mineral Density
Creators: name: Chudal, Partha
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computer Sciences

description: Osteoporosis becomes very common problem for people after a certain age, which results in fragility fractures without any previous symptoms. One of the primary predictors of osteoporosis is bone mineral density (BMD). BMD is the mineral content of bone, at the optimal levels, that makes the bone strong enough to bear the regular load and elastic enough to handle the irregular twisting load. Two of the major parts of the bone that help to acquire such property are trabecular and cortical bone. This thesis focuses on predicting the BMDs of trabecular and cortical bone for men. For this purpose we performed Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) for quality control and obtained new subsets of 537 and 536 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with trabecular and cortical BMDs. Various machine learning algorithms were used for the predictive analysis, among which linear regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) gave much better results with the newly obtained subset of SNPs, compared to the results using the 1103 and 307 SNPs associated with BMD found in the existing literature. LR gave mean squared error (MSE) of 0.000658 and coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.643479, SVM gave MSE of 0.000628 and r2 of 0.65971, and MLP gave MSE 0.000683 and r2 0.62989 for trabecular BMD with 537 SNPs. Similarly, LR, SVM, and MLP gave MSEs of 0.001109, 0.001103, and 0.00112, and r2 of 0.707548, 0.709079 and 0.703947, respectively, for cortical BMD with 536 SNPs. In both cases, SVM gave better results.
Overview of Stemming Algorithms for Indian and Non-Indian Languages
Creators: name: Bijal, Dalwadi
name: Sanket, Suthar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stemming is a pre-processing step in Text Mining applications as well as a very common requirement of Natural Language processing functions. Stemming is the process for reducing inflected words to their stem. The main purpose of stemming is to reduce different grammatical forms / word forms of a word like its noun, adjective, verb, adverb etc. to its root form. Stemming is widely uses in Information Retrieval system and reduces the size of index files. We can say that the goal of stemming is to reduce inflectional forms and sometimes derivationally related forms of a word to a common base form. In this paper we have discussed different stemming algorithm for non-Indian and Indian language, methods of stemming, accuracy and errors.
Building a Visualiser for the Gameplay Design Patterns Wiki
Creators: name: Lee, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: I100 - Computer science

description: This thesis presents a more useful visualization and filtering system for the GameplayDesign Patterns Wiki, the most extensive and up to date collection of gameplaydesign patterns. The aim of this research is to understand if an improvement canbe made to the understanding of the wiki without changing the wiki’s content. Todo this a study is conducted, resulting in the discovery of common game designand analysis tasks which require external information and these form the basis forrequirements for the more useful visualization and filtering system.The system GDPVis is designed and implemented as an open-source in-browsersingle-page application which acts as a visualization and filtering system for information found in the Gameplay Design Patterns wiki. GDPVis incorporates node-linkdiagrams to display the relationships between patterns, and a node-based visual filtering system allowing for a fine level of control and granularity of the games orpatterns collection being displayed.GDPVis is evaluated against the original wiki in two studies, which result in thesystem showing promise for being more useful (more time efficient to use, easier touse, more engaging to use, and more satisfying to use) in many specific scenarios, aswell as generally for teaching students about gameplay design patterns.
What Will 5G Be?
Creators: name: Andrews, Jeffrey G.
name: Buzzi, Stefano
name: Choi, Wan
name: Hanly, Stephen
name: Lozano, Angel
name: Soong, Anthony C. K.
name: Zhang, Jianzhong Charlie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backwards compatibility. And indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities and unprecedented numbers of antennas. But unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.
Porosity measurements of interstellar ice mixtures using optical laser interference and extended effective medium approximations
Creators: name: Bossa, J. -B.
name: Isokoski, K.
name: Paardekooper, D. M.
name: Bonnin, M.
name: van der Linden, E. P.
name: Triemstra, T.
name: Cazaux, S.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: Linnartz, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. This article aims to provide an alternative method of measuring the porosity of multi-phase composite ices from their refractive indices and of characterising how the abundance of a premixed contaminant (e.g., CO2) affects the porosity of water-rich ice mixtures during omni-directional deposition. Methods. We combine optical laser interference and extended effective medium approximations (EMAs) to measure the porosity of three astrophysically relevant ice mixtures: H2O:CO2=10:1, 4:1, and 2:1. Infrared spectroscopy is used as a benchmarking test of this new laboratory-based method. Results. By independently monitoring the O-H dangling modes of the different water-rich ice mixtures, we confirm the porosities predicted by the extended EMAs. We also demonstrate that CO2 premixed with water in the gas phase does not significantly affect the ice morphology during omni-directional deposition, as long as the physical conditions favourable to segregation are not reached. We propose a mechanism in which CO2 molecules diffuse on the surface of the growing ice sample prior to being incorporated into the bulk and then fill the pores partly or completely, depending on the relative abundance and the growth temperature.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in A&A
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict Retention of Computer Science Students at University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Creators: name: Deshmukh, Sudhir
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computer Sciences

description: Student retention is an important measure when in determining student success. Retention refers to the first-time full-time student from previous fall term who returned to the same university for the following fall term. Decline in retention rate have adverse effect on stakeholders, parents, and students view about the institution, revenue generated from tuition cost and obtaining outside funds. In an effort to increase retention rates, universities have started analyzing the factors that correlate with students dropping out. Many universities have identified some of these factors and are working on developing intervention programs to help students to elevate their academic performance and eventually retain them at the university. However, identifying the students who require this intervention is a very challenging task.
In this thesis, we propose the use of machine learning models to identify students who are at-risk of not being retained so that university administration can successfully deploy intervention strategies at an early stage and prevent the students from dropping out. We implemented classification algorithms including feed forward neural networks, logistic regression, and support vector machine to determine at-risk students. The data to train these models was gathered from University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) enterprise data warehouse: UNLV Analytics. The models were evaluated on various metrics and the results showed that logistic regression model performed best in predicting at-risk students for first-year retention and feedforward neural networks performed best in predicting at-risk students in second-year retention at UNLV's Department of Computer Science.
A slave mode expansion for obtaining ab-initio interatomic potentials
Creators: name: Ai, Xinyuan
name: Chen, Yue
name: Marianetti, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we propose a new approach for performing a Taylor series expansion of the first-principles computed energy of a crystal as a function of the nuclear displacements. We enlarge the dimensionality of the existing displacement space and form new variables (ie. slave modes) which transform like irreducible representations of the space group and satisfy homogeneity of free space. Standard group theoretical techniques can then be applied to deduce the non-zero expansion coefficients a priori. At a given order, the translation group can be used to contract the products and eliminate terms which are not linearly independent, resulting in a final set of slave mode products. While the expansion coefficients can be computed in a variety of ways, we demonstrate that finite difference is effective up to fourth order. We demonstrate the power of the method in the strongly anharmonic system PbTe. All anharmonic terms within an octahedron are computed up to fourth order. A proper unitary transformation demonstrates that the vast majority of the anharmonicity can be attributed to just two terms, indicating that a minimal model of phonon interactions is achievable. The ability to straightforwardly generate polynomial potentials will allow precise simulations at length and time scales which were previously unrealizable.
Examining Crime Reporting Behaviors in the Presence of Body-Worn Cameras
Creators: name: Dudinskaya, Tanya
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2020
Subjects: Criminology; Criminology and Criminal Justice

description: This research study was designed to gain a better understanding of the potential impacts a body-worn camera can have on a witness reporting a crime to an officer. This study uses an online survey distributed through Qualtrics and asks participants to respond with their likelihood of reporting the crime they are prompted (such as property damage, DUI, drug sale, assault, and robbery) in the presence or absence of a body-camera, and the recording of their statement. The main concept that is being examined is whether there are potential negative consequences of body-cameras such as preventing witnesses from coming forward because they do not want to be recorded. Participants are also asked about their opinions on police legitimacy, police effectiveness, and privacy concerns regarding body-worn cameras. The study consists of 323 respondents, and this sample is gained from Mechanical Turk.