cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis after Thermal Inflation
Creators: name: Stewart, E. D.
name: Kawasaki, M.
name: Yanagida, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that an extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model that gives rise to viable thermal inflation, and so does not suffer from a Polonyi/moduli problem, should contain right-handed neutrinos which acquire their masses due to the vacuum expectation value of the flaton that drives thermal inflation. This strongly disfavours SO(10) Grand Unified Theories. The $μ$-term of the MSSM should also arise due to the vev of the flaton. With the extra assumption that $ m_L^2 - m_{H_u}^2 < 0 $, but of course $ m_L^2 - m_{H_u}^2 + |μ|^2 > 0 $, we show that a complicated Affleck-Dine type of baryogenesis employing an $LH_u$ $D$-flat direction can naturally generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX, 4 postscript figures, version to be published in Phys. Rev. D, new figures, references added, minor changes in the text
Supplementary Material from Shared dynamics of LeuT superfamily members and allosteric differentiation by structural irregularities and multimerization
Creators: name: Ponzoni, Luca
name: She Zhang
name: Cheng, Mary H.
name: Ivet Bahar
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biophysics
Structural Biology
Computational Biology

description: Additional Methods, Tables and Figures
The Correlation Between Dust and Gas Contents in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Li, Rui-Zhi
name: Chen, Bing-Qiu
name: Li, Guang-Xing
name: Wang, Bo-Ting
name: Ren, Hao-Ming
name: Guo, Qi-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular clouds are regions of dense gas and dust in space where new stars and planets are born. There is a strong correlation between the distribution of dust and molecular gas in molecular clouds. The present work focuses on the three-dimensional morphological comparisons between dust and gas within 567 molecular clouds identified in a previously published catalog. We confirm a sample of 112 molecular clouds, where the cloud morphology based on CO observations and dust observations displays good overall consistency. There are up to 334 molecular clouds whose dust distribution might be related to the distribution of gas. We are unable to find gas structures that correlate with the shape of the dust distribution in 24 molecular clouds. For the 112 molecular clouds where the dust distribution correlates very well with the distribution of gas, we use CO observational data to measure the physical properties of these molecular clouds and compare them with the results derived from dust, exploring the correlation between gas and dust in the molecular clouds. We found that the gas and dust in the molecular clouds have a fairly good linear relationship, with a gas-to-dust ratio of $\mathrm{GDR}=(2.80_{-0.34}^{+0.37})\times10^{21}\mathrm{\,cm^{-2}\, mag^{-1}}$. The ratio varies considerably among different molecular clouds. We measured the scale height of dust-CO clouds exhibiting strong correlations, finding $h_{Z} = 43.3_{-3.5}^{+4.0}\mathrm{\,pc}$.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ. The database is accessible at https://doi.org/10.12149/101367
Cutting rules at finite temperature
Creators: name: Bedaque, P. F.
name: Das, A.
name: Naik, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the cutting rules in the real time approach to finite temperature field theory and show the existence of cancellations among classes of cut graphs which allows a physical interpretation of the imaginary part of the relevant amplitude in terms of underlying microscopic processes. Furthermore, with these cancellations, any calculation of the imaginary part of an amplitude becomes much easier and completely parallel to the zero temperature case.
description: 17 pages, 10 postscript figures included, uses epsfig.sty. Figures also available from the authors
Electronic supplementary materials from Multi-omics analysis of thermal stress response in a zooxanthellate cnidarian reveals the importance of associating with thermotolerant symbionts
Creators: name: Cziesielski, Maha J.
name: Liew, Yi Jin
name: Guoxin Cui
name: Schmidt-Roach, Sebastian
name: Campana, Sara
name: Marondedze, Claudius
name: Aranda, Manuel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Supplementary Figures S1, S2, S3; Supplementary Table S1, S2, S3, S4
The Perturbative Resummed Series for Top Quark Production in Hadron Reactions
Creators: name: Berger, Edmond L.
name: Contopanagos, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our calculation of the total cross section for inclusive production of $t\bar{t}$ pairs in hadron collisions is presented. The principal ingredient of the calculation is resummation of the universal leading-logarithm effects of gluon radiation to all orders in the quantum chromodynamics coupling strength, restricted to the region of phase space that is demonstrably perturbative. We derive the perturbative regime of the resummed series, starting from the principal-value resummation approach, and we isolate the perturbative domain in both moment space and, upon inversion of the corresponding Mellin transform, in momentum space. We show that our perturbative result does not depend on the manner non-perturbative or infrared effects are handled in principal-value resummation. We treat both the quark-antiquark and gluon-gluon production channels consistently in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ factorization scheme. We compare our method and results with other resummation methods that rely on the choice of infrared cutoffs. We derive the renormalization/factorization scale dependence of our resummed cross section, and we discuss factorization scheme dependence and remaining theoretical uncertainties, including estimates of possible non-perturbative contributions. We include the full content of the exact next-to-leading order calculation in obtaining our final results. We present predictions of the physical cross section as a function of top quark mass in proton-antiproton reactions at center-of-mass energies of 1.8 and 2.0 TeV. We also provide the differential cross section as a function of the parton-parton subenergy.
description: 61 pages, LaTeX, plus 21 postscript figures; Fig. 1a inadvertently omitted from the March 15 submission is now included
Strangeness chemical potential from the baryons relative to the kaons particle ratios
Creators: name: Tawfik, Abdel Nasser
name: Wahab, Magda Abdel
name: Yassin, Hayam
name: Elyazeed, Eman R. Abo
name: Din, Hadeer M. Nasr El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From a systematic analysis of the energy-dependence of four antibaryon-to-baryon ratios relative to the antikaon-to-kaon ratio, we propose an alternative approach determining the strange-quark chemical potential ($μ_{\mathrm{s}}$). It is found that $μ_{\mathrm{s}}$ generically genuinely equals one-fifth the baryon chemical potential ($μ_{\mathrm{b}}$). An additional quantity depending on $μ_{\mathrm{b}}$ and the freezeout temperature ($T$) should be added in order to assure averaged strangeness conversation. This quantity gives a genuine estimation for the possible strangeness enhancement with the increase in the collision energy. At the chemical freezeout conditioned to constant entropy density normalized to temperature cubed, various particle ratios calculated at $T$ and $μ_{\mathrm{b}}$ and the resultant $μ_{\mathrm{s}}$ excellently agree with the statistical-thermal calculations.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures accepted for publication in IJMPE
CLOWN: The PASO cloud detection for optimization of automatic optical surveys
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Luís
name: Coelho, Bruno
name: Barbosa, Domingos
name: Bergano, Miguel
name: Bonifácio, Vitor
name: Maia, Dalmiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbiting space objects have become in the last decade a major nuisance impacting ground astronomy and orbiting space assets, from observatories to satellites and space stations. In particular with the rise of the satellite population in Low Earth Orbits (LEOs), space objects are becoming an even bigger threat and a strong problem to astronomical observations. To tackle these threats several coordinated surveillance networks composed of dedicated sensors (telescopes, radars and laser ranging facilities) track and survey space objects, from debris to active satellites. As part of the European Space Surveillance \& Tracking (EU-SST) network, Portugal is developing the PAmpilhosa da Serra Space Observatory (PASO), with both radio and optical telescopes dedicated to the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) domain, deployed at a Dark Sky destination. To optimize telescope survey time, we developed {\tt{CLOWN}} (CLOud Watcher at Night), an application interface that automatically monitors clouds in real time. This software can correctly trace clouds positions in the sky, provides accurate pointing information to the observation planning of the optical telescope to avoid cloudy areas. {\tt{CLOWN}} only requires the use of an all-sky camera, which is already a norm in observatories with optical telescopes and can be used with any camera, including those for which no information about its model specification do exist. {\tt{CLOWN}} does not require great computing power and it does not require the installation of additional equipment. {\tt{CLOWN}} results are very promising and confirm that the app can correctly identify clouds in a variety of different conditions and cloud types.
description: 15 pages, 22 figures. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in Astromomical Journal. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record will be available online at https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-3881
Valeriana rubra Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae
Valeriana
Valeriana rubra

description: Valeriana rubra, spec. nov.
 1. Valeriana floribus monandris caudatis, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis. Hort. cliff. 15. Hort. ups. 14. Roy. lugdb. 235. Dalib. paris.12.
 Valeriana rubra. Bauh. pin. 165.
 Habitat in Galliae , Helvetiae , Italiae ruderatis. ♃
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Valeriana calcitrapae Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae
Valeriana
Valeriana calcitrapae

description: Valeriana calcitrapae, spec. nov.
 2. Valeriana floribus monandris, foliis pinnatifidis. Hort. ups.14.
 Valeriana foliis pinnato-laciniatis, floribus monandris. Virid. cliff.4. Hort. cliff. 16. Roy. lugdb. 235. Sauv. monsp. 275.
 Valeriana foliis calcitrapae. Bauh. pin. 164.
 Valeriana sylvestris, foliis tenuissime divisis. Bauh. pin. 165.
 Habitat in Lusitania . ☉
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Spectroscopy of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster
Creators: name: Held, Enrico V.
name: Mould, Jeremy R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of spectroscopic observations of 10 nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxies (dE's) in the Fornax cluster. The blue spectra of Fornax dE galaxies indicate a wide range of metallicities at a given luminosity, similar to those of intermediate to \it metal-rich globular clusters. Metal abundances derived in this paper are well correlated with optical colors and agree with previous spectroscopic results. A discrepancy with metallicities inferred from infrared colors is evident; possible causes include an intermediate age population and dilution of spectral features by a blue light excess. Dwarf ellipticals exhibit a wide variation of hydrogen line strength which points to a complex star formation history. Prominent Balmer absorption lines are the signature of a young stellar population in the nuclei of some (but not all) dE's, while moderately strong Balmer lines in relatively metal-rich dE's are more consistent with an extended main sequence. The velocity distribution of the Fornax dwarfs is flatter than that of brighter galaxies at the 75\% confidence level, possibly indicating a difference in the kinematics of the two samples.
description: plain TeX, figures available upon request from held@lma02.bo.astro.it ; BAP#12-1993-043-OAB
The hidden order in URu2Si2: Symmetry-induced anti-toroidal vortices
Creators: name: Dmitrienko, Vladimir E.
name: Chizhikov, Viacheslav A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss possible approaches to the problem of the URu2Si2 "Hidden Order" (HO) which remains unsolved after tremendous efforts of researches. Suppose there is no spatial symmetry breaking at the HO transition temperature and solely the time-reversal symmetry breaking emerges owing to some sort of magnetic order. As a result of its 4/mmm symmetry, each uranium atom is a three-dimensional magnetic vortex; its intra-atomic magnetization M(r) is intrinsically non-collinear, so that its dipole, quadrupole and toroidal moments vanish, thus making the vortex "hidden". The first non-zero magnetic multipole of the uranium vortex is the toroidal quadrupole. In the unit cell, two uranium vortices can have either the same or opposite signs of M(r); this corresponds to either ferro-vortex or antiferro-vortex structures with I4/mmm or P_I4/mmm magnetic space groups, respectively. Our first-principles calculations suggest that the vortex magnetic order of URu2Si2 is rather strong: the total absolute magnetization |M(r)| is about 0.9 mu_B per U atom, detectable by neutron scattering in spite of the unusual formfactor. The ferro-vortex and antiferro-vortex phases have almost the same energy and they are energetically favorable compared to the non-magnetic phase.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Can partons describe the CDF jet data?
Creators: name: Glover, E. W. N.
name: Martin, A. D.
name: Roberts, R. G.
name: Stirling, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent CDF single jet inclusive measurements at Fermilab are incorporated in a global next-to-leading order parton analysis of the available deep inelastic and related data. We find that it is impossible to achieve a simultaneous QCD description of both the CDF jet distribution for transverse energies $E_T > 200$~GeV and the deep inelastic structure function data for $x > 0.3$. However, the CDF data for $E_T < 200$~GeV and the deep inelastic data are adequately described provided that the QCD coupling $α_S(M_Z^2)$ is increased from its preferred deep inelastic value to $α_S (M_Z^2) \simeq 0.116 - 0.120$.
description: 9 pages, LATEX, 4 figures available as .uu file
Hocking_tables_ESM.pdf from Clawed forelimbs allow northern seals to eat like their ancient ancestors
Creators: name: Hocking, David P.
name: Marx, Felix G.
name: Sattler, Renae
name: Harris, Robert N.
name: Tahlia I. Pollock
name: Sorrell, Karina J.
name: Fitzgerald, Erich M. G.
name: McCurry, Matthew R.
name: Evans, Alistair R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary tables for each subject animal detailing the number of behavioural bouts performed for each type of prey processing observed during these trials.
Can MACHOs Probe the Shape of the Galaxy Halo?
Creators: name: Frieman, Joshua A.
name: Scoccimarro, Román
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the prospects for the current microlensing searches, which have recently discovered several candidates, to yield useful information about the flattening of the Galaxy dark matter halo. Models of HI warps and N-body simulations of galaxy formation suggest that disks commonly form in oblate halos with a tilt between the disk and halo symmetry axes. The microlensing optical depth for the Large Magellanic Cloud depends sensitively on the disk-halo tilt angle in the Milky Way. We conclude that a much larger spread in values for $τ(LMC)$ is consistent with rotation curve constraints than previously thought, and that the ratio $τ(SMC)/τ(LMC)$ of the optical depth to the Small and Large Magellanic clouds is not a clean test of halo flattening.
description: 9 pages plain TeX, 4 figs. by FAX, Fermilab-Pub-93/391-A
Hydrodynamic Modes of Homogeneous and Isotropic Fluids
Creators: name: de Boer, Jan
name: Hartong, Jelle
name: Obers, Niels A.
name: Sybesma, Watse
name: Vandoren, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic fluids are Lorentz invariant, and a non-relativistic limit of such fluids leads to the well-known Navier-Stokes equation. However, for fluids moving with respect to a reference system, or in critical systems with generic dynamical exponent z, the assumption of Lorentz invariance (or its non-relativistic version) does not hold. We are thus led to consider the most general fluid assuming only homogeneity and isotropy and study its hydrodynamics and transport behaviour. Remarkably, such systems have not been treated in full generality in the literature so far. Here we study these equations at the linearized level. We find new expressions for the speed of sound, corrections to the Navier-Stokes equation and determine all dissipative and non-dissipative first order transport coefficients. Dispersion relations for the sound, shear and diffusion modes are determined to second order in momenta. In the presence of a scaling symmetry with dynamical exponent z, we show that the sound attenuation constant depends on both shear viscosity and thermal conductivity.
description: 19 pages; v2 minor additions
A lower bound for the equilateral number of normed spaces
Creators: name: Swanepoel, Konrad J
name: Villa, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B04 (Primary); 46B20, 52A21, 52C17 (Secondary)

description: We show that if the Banach-Mazur distance between an n-dimensional normed space X and ell infinity is at most 3/2, then there exist n+1 equidistant points in X. By a well-known result of Alon and Milman, this implies that an arbitrary n-dimensional normed space admits at least e^{c sqrt(log n)} equidistant points, where c>0 is an absolute constant. We also show that there exist n equidistant points in spaces sufficiently close to n-dimensional ell p (1 < p < infinity).
description: 5 pages
Resonant CP-Violating Scalar--Pseudoscalar Transitions at mu+ mu- Colliders
Creators: name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mu+ mu- collider is an appealing machine to probe resonant CP-violating transitions of a CP-even Higgs particle into the Z boson or into another CP-odd Higgs scalar. These phenomena are studied within a manifestly gauge-invariant approach implemented by the pinch technique. The CP invariance of an extended Higgs sector motivated by supersymmetric E_6 models is assumed to be broken radiatively by the presence of heavy Majorana fermions. CP violation originating from Higgs-Z mixing is found to be very modest, whereas CP-number violating transitions involving Higgs scalars only can be resonantly enhanced up to order of unity.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX (2 figs included), title changed to underline the resonant CP-violating effect. Journ.-ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 4996
Optimizing the Zel'dovich Approximation
Creators: name: Melott, A. L.
name: Pellman, T. F.
name: Shandarin, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently learned that the Zeldovich approximation can be successfully used for a far wider range of gravitational instability scenarios than formerly proposed; we study here how to extend this range. In previous work we studied the accuracy of several analytic approximations to gravitational clustering in the mildly nonlinear regime. We found that the ``truncated Zel'dovich approximation" (TZA) was better than any other (except in one case the ordinary Zeldovich approximation) over a wide range from linear to mildly nonlinear ($σ\sim 3$) regimes. TZA sets Fourier amplitudes equal to zero for {\it all} wavenumbers greater than $k_{n\ell}$, where $k_{n\ell}$ marks the transition to the nonlinear regime. Here, we study crosscorrelation of generalized TZA with a group of $n$--body simulations for three shapes of window function: sharp $k$--truncation (as in CMS), tophat in coordinate space, or a Gaussian. We also study the crosscorrelation as a function of initial scale within each window type. We find $k$--truncation, which was so much better than other things tried in CMS, is the {it worst} of these three window shapes. We find that a Gaussian window $e^{-k^2/2k_G^2}$ applied to the intial Fourier amplitudes is the best choice. It produces a greatly improved crosscorrelation all cases we studied. The optimum choice of $k_G$ for the Gaussian window is (spectrum-- dependent) 1--1.5 times $k_{n\ell}$, with $k_{n\ell}$ defined by (3). Although all three windows produce similar power spectra and density distribution functions after application of the Zeldovich approximation, phase agreement with the $n$--body simulation is better for the Gaussian window. We ascribe Gaussian window success to its superior treatment of phase evolution.
description: Submitted to MNRAS. TeX file; for figures send request to melott@kusmos.phsx.ukans.edu. Replacment has shorter abstract
First principles study of oxidation of Si segregated α-Ti(0001) surfaces
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Somesh Kr.
name: Sahara, Ryoji
name: Kitashima, Tomonori
name: Ueda, Kyosuke
name: Narushima, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oxidation of α-Ti(0001) surface was studied using density functional theory. In order to enhance the oxidation resistance, we substituted Ti atoms with Si atoms in Ti(0001) surface. We observe that Si prefers to segregate at the surface layer of Ti(0001) compared to other sub-surface layers. The Si solubility on the Ti(0001) surface was estimated to be around 75 at.%. While Si segregation was found to reduce the binding between the oxygen atom and the Ti(0001) surface, the barrier for oxygen to diffuse into the slab increases. The dissociation of the oxygen molecule on the clean and Si segregated surfaces of Ti was found to be barrier-less. Overall, the Si segregation on the Ti(0001) surface was found to hinder the dissolution of oxygen in Ti.
Signals from supersymmetry in electroweak precision data?
Creators: name: Hollik, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictions of the \sm and the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) for the electroweak precision parameters are discussed in the light of the recent precision data. The results from global fits yield lower $χ^2$ values in the MSSM than in the Standard model. The fits prefer regions in the MSSM parameter space with $M_2 \simeq |μ| $ and allow chargino masses higher than the present exclusion limits of LEP 1.5.
description: 10 pages, LaTex + 4 figures (ps), included. Invited talk at the XIXth International Conference on Theoretical Physics, 19-26 September 1995, Bystra, Poland
Supplemental notation, figures, and tables from Family ties: The multilevel effects of households and kinship on the networks of individuals
Creators: name: Koster, Jeremy
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: This file contains the supplemental notation, figures, and tables that were referenced in the manuscript.
The local Steiner problem in finite-dimensional normed spaces
Creators: name: Swanepoel, Konrad J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q10 (Primary); 05C05, 05D05, 52A21, 52A41, 52B40 (Secondary)

description: We develop a general method of proving that certain star configurations in finit e-dimensional normed spaces are Steiner minimal trees. This method generalizes the results of Lawlor and Morgan (1994) that could only be applied to differentiable norms. The generalization uses the subdifferential calculus from convex analysis. We apply this method to two special norms. The first norm, occurring in the work of Cieslik, has unit ball the polar of the difference body of the n-simplex (in dimension 3 this is the rhombic dodecahedron). We determine the maximum degree of a given point in a Steiner minimal tree in this norm. The proof makes essential use of extremal finite set theory. The second norm, occuring in the work of Mark Conger (1989), is the sum of the ell_1-norm and a small multiple of the ell_2 norm. For the second norm we determine the maximum degree of a Steiner point.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures. Corollary 8 of the previous version is the new Theorem 7
Valeriana cornucopiae Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae
Valeriana
Valeriana cornucopiae

description: Valeriana cornucopiae, spec. nov.
 3. Valeriana floribus diandris ringentibus, foliis ovatis sessilibus. Hort. cliff. 15. Hort. ups. 13. Roy. lugdb. 235.
 Valeriana peregrina purpurea albave. Bauh. pin. 164. prodr.87.
 Habitat in Americae , Mauritaniae , Siciliae , Hispaniae arvis. ☉
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
TRES Survey of Variable Diffuse Interstellar Bands
Creators: name: Law, Charles J.
name: Milisavljevic, Dan
name: Crabtree, Kyle N.
name: Johansen, Sommer L.
name: Patnaude, Daniel J.
name: Margutti, Raffaella
name: Parrent, Jerod T.
name: Drout, Maria R.
name: Sanders, Nathan E.
name: Kirshner, Robert P.
name: Latham, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features commonly observed in optical/near-infrared spectra of stars and thought to be associated with polyatomic molecules that comprise a significant reservoir of organic material in the universe. However, the central wavelengths of almost all DIBs do not correspond with electronic transitions of known atomic or molecular species and the specific physical nature of their carriers remains inconclusive despite decades of observational, theoretical, and experimental research. It is well established that DIB carriers are located in the interstellar medium, but the recent discovery of time-varying DIBs in the spectra of the extragalactic supernova SN2012ap suggests that some may be created in massive star environments. Here we report evidence of short time-scale (10-60 d) changes in DIB absorption line substructure toward 3 of 17 massive stars observed as part of a pathfinder survey of variable DIBs conducted with the 1.5-m Tillinghast telescope and Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES) at Fred L. Whipple Observatory. The detections are made in high-resolution optical spectra (R = 44000) having signal-to-noise ratios of 5-15 around the 5797 and 6614 angstrom features, and are considered significant but requiring further investigation. We find that these changes are potentially consistent with interactions between stellar winds and DIB carriers in close proximity. Our findings motivate a larger survey to further characterize these variations and may establish a powerful new method for probing the poorly understood physical characteristics of DIB carriers.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Very High Energy Gamma-Rays from AGN: Cascading on the Cosmic Background Radiation Fields and the Formation of Pair Halos
Creators: name: Aharonian, F. A.
name: Coppi, P. S.
name: Voelk, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent high energy gamma-ray observations (E>100 MeV) of blazar AGN show emission spectra with no clear upper energy cutoff. AGN, considered to be possible sources for the highest energy cosmic rays, may have emission extending well into the VHE (very high energy, E>100 GeV) domain. Because VHE gamma-rays are absorbed by pair production on the intergalactic background radiation, much of this emission is not visible. Electromagnetic cascades initiated by absorbed VHE gamma-rays, however, may be observable. Since the velocities of e+e- pairs produced in a cascade are likely to be isotropized by an ambient random magnetic field, extended ``halos'' (R>1 Mpc) of pairs will be formed around AGN with VHE emission. Cascade radiation from these pair halos is emitted isotropically and is observable below a few TeV. The halo radiation can be distinguished by its characteristic variation in spectrum and intensity with angular distance from the central source. This variation depends weakly on the details of the central source model, e.g., the orientation and beaming/opening angle of an emitting jet. Limiting or determining the intensity of the pair halo can thus serve as a model-independent bound on or measure of the VHE power of AGN. Next-generation Cherenkov telescopes may be able to image a pair halo.
description: 11 pages, uuencoded compressed Postscript file 0.2 Mbyte, UCH 93/39
Valeriana dioica Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae
Valeriana
Valeriana dioica

description: Valeriana dioica, spec. nov.
 4. Valeriana floribus triandris dioicis, follis pinnatis. Valeriana dioica. It. oel. 46. Fl. suec. 31. Dalib. paris.11.
 Valeriana, foliis caulinis pinnatis, sexu distincta. Hort. cliff.16.
 Valeriana, foliis caulinis pinnatis, polygama. Vir. cliff.5. Roy. lugdb. 235.
 Valeriana palustris minor & Valeriana palustris inodora parum laciniata, Bauh. pin.86.
 Valeriana alpina minor. Bauh. pin. 165. prodr. 87.
 Habitat in Europae campis uliginosis. ♃
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
The perturbative pion-photon transition form factors with transverse momentum corrections
Creators: name: Cao, Fu-Guang
name: Huang, Tao
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a perturbative QCD analysis of the quark transverse momentum effect on the pion-photon transition form factors $F_{πγ}$ and $F_{πγ^*}$ in the standard light-cone formalism, with two phenomenological models of wavefunction as the input of the non-perturbative aspect of the pion. We point out that the transverse momentum dependence in both the numerator and the denominator of the hard scattering amplitude is of the same importance and should be considered consistently. It is shown that after taking into account the quark transverse momentum corrections, the results obtained from different model wave function are consistent with the available experimental data at finite $Q^2$.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, 3 Postscript figures, to be appear in Phys. Rev. D
Landau-Zener transition in a two-level system coupled to a single highly-excited oscillator
Creators: name: Malla, Rajesh K.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-level system strongly coupled to a single resonator mode (harmonic oscillator) is a paradigmatic model in many subfields of physics. We study theoretically the Landau-Zener transition in this model. Analytical solution for the transition probability is possible when the oscillator is highly excited, i.e. at high temperatures. Then the relative change of the excitation level of the oscillator in the course of the transition is small. The physical picture of the transition in the presence of coupling to the oscillator becomes transparent in the limiting cases of slow and fast oscillator. Slow oscillator effectively renormalizes the drive velocity. As a result, the transition probability either increases or decreases depending on the oscillator phase. The net effect is, however, the suppression of the transition probability. On the contrary, fast oscillator renormalizes the matrix element of the transition rather than the drive velocity. This renormalization makes the transition probability a non-monotonic function of the coupling amplitude.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Forest-like permutations
Creators: name: Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille
name: Butler, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 14M15

description: Given a permutation $π\in \Sn\_n$, construct a graph $G\_π$ on the vertex set $\{1,2, ..., n\}$ by joining $i$ to $j$ if (i) $i
Effective tuning of electron charge and spin distribution in a dot-ring nanostructure at the ZnO interface
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Tapash
name: Manaselyan, Aram
name: Barseghyan, Manuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic states and the Aharonov-Bohm effect in ZnO quantum dot-ring nanostructures containing few interacting electrons reveal several unique features. We have shown here that in contrast to the dot-rings made of conventional semiconductors, such as InAs or GaAs, the dot-rings in ZnO heterojunctions demonstrate several unique characteristics due to the unusual properties of quantum dots and rings in ZnO. In particular the energy spectra of the ZnO dot-ring and the Aharnov-Bohm oscillations are strongly dependant on the electron number in the dot or in the ring. Therefore even small changes of the confinement potential, sizes of the dot-ring or the magnetic field can drastically change the energy spectra and the behavior of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the system. Due to this interesting phenomena it is possible to effectively control with high accuracy the electron charge and spin distribution inside the dot-ring structure. This controlling can be achieved either by changing the magnetic field or the confinement potentials.
Epithelium of the dolphin trachea;Innervation of the dolphin trachea from Vascularization of the trachea in the bottlenose dolphin: comparison with bovine and evidence for evolutionary adaptations to diving
Creators: name: Ballarin, Cristina
name: Bagnoli, Paola
name: Peruffo, Antonella
name: Cozzi, Bruno
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cilia are evident in the pseudostratified epithelium of the trachea of the bottlenose dolphin. Blood vessels are present in the lamina propria, superficial to the deeper layer where the vascular lacunae are located. Scale bar = 100μm;Several (viscero-motor) nerve bundles (asterisk) travel in the connective tissue interspersed among the vascular lacunae of the trachea of the bottlenose dolphin. Scale bar = 100μm
Approximate homogenization of fully nonlinear elliptic PDEs: estimates and numerical results for Pucci type equations
Creators: name: Finlay, Chris
name: Oberman, Adam M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B27

description: We are interested in the shape of the homogenized operator $\overline F(Q)$ for PDEs which have the structure of a nonlinear Pucci operator. A typical operator is $H^{a_1,a_2}(Q,x) = a_1(x) λ_{\min}(Q) + a_2(x)λ_{\max}(Q)$. Linearization of the operator leads to a non-divergence form homogenization problem, which can be solved by averaging against the invariant measure. We estimate the error obtained by linearization based on semi-concavity estimates on the nonlinear operator. These estimates show that away from high curvature regions, the linearization can be accurate. Numerical results show that for many values of $Q$, the linearization is highly accurate, and that even near corners, the error can be small (a few percent) even for relatively wide ranges of the coefficients.
description: Journal of Scientific Computing (2018)
Long-term photometric variations in the candidate white-dwarf pulsar AR Scorpii from K2, CRTS, and ASAS-SN observations
Creators: name: Littlefield, Colin
name: Garnavich, Peter
name: Kennedy, Mark
name: Callanan, Paul
name: Shappee, Benjamin
name: Holoien, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze long-cadence Kepler K2 observations of AR Sco from 2014, along with survey photometry obtained between 2005 and 2016 by the Catalina Real-Time Sky Survey and the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. The K2 data show the orbital modulation to have been fairly stable during the 78 days of observations, but we detect aperiodic deviations from the average waveform with an amplitude of ~2% on a timescale of a few days. A comparison of the K2 data with the survey photometry reveals that the orbital waveform gradually changed between 2005 and 2010, with the orbital maximum shifting to earlier phases. We compare these photometric variations with proposed models of this unusual system.
description: Accepted for publication, ApJL
The Very-Soft X-Ray Emission of X-Ray Faint Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Pellegrini, S.
name: Fabbiano, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent re-analysis of Einstein data, and new ROSAT observations, have revealed the presence of at least two components in the X-ray spectra of X-ray faint early-type galaxies: a relatively hard component (kT>1.5 keV), and a very soft component (kT\sim 0.2-0.3 keV). We address the problem of the nature of the very soft component, and whether it can be due to a hot interstellar medium (ISM), or is most likely originated by the collective emission of very soft stellar sources. To this purpose, hydrodynamical evolutionary sequences for the secular behavior of gas flows in ellipticals have been performed, and the results are compared with the observational X-ray data: the very soft component could be entirely explained with a hot ISM only in galaxies where the depth of the potential well is quite shallow, otherwise the softest contribution to the X-ray emission comes certainly from stellar sources. As stellar soft X-ray emitters, we consider late-type stellar corone, supersoft sources such as those discovered by ROSAT in the Magellanic Clouds and M31, and RSCVn systems. We finally present a model for the X-ray emission of NGC4365, to reproduce in detail the results of the ROSAT pointed observation (PSPC spectrum and radial surface brightness distribution).
description: Postscript file, 28 pages. For hardcopy of figures contact spellegr@eso.org. BAP 12-1993-040-DDA
Semformer: Transformer Language Models with Semantic Planning
Creators: name: Yin, Yongjing
name: Ding, Junran
name: Song, Kai
name: Zhang, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Next-token prediction serves as the dominant component in current neural language models. During the training phase, the model employs teacher forcing, which predicts tokens based on all preceding ground truth tokens. However, this approach has been found to create shortcuts, utilizing the revealed prefix to spuriously fit future tokens, potentially compromising the accuracy of the next-token predictor. In this paper, we introduce Semformer, a novel method of training a Transformer language model that explicitly models the semantic planning of response. Specifically, we incorporate a sequence of planning tokens into the prefix, guiding the planning token representations to predict the latent semantic representations of the response, which are induced by an autoencoder. In a minimal planning task (i.e., graph path-finding), our model exhibits near-perfect performance and effectively mitigates shortcut learning, a feat that standard training methods and baseline models have been unable to accomplish. Furthermore, we pretrain Semformer from scratch with 125M parameters, demonstrating its efficacy through measures of perplexity, in-context learning, and fine-tuning on summarization tasks.
Valeriana officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae
Valeriana
Valeriana officinalis

description: Valeriana officinalis, spec. nov.
 5. Valeriana floribus triandris, foliis omnibus pinnatis. Mat. med. 21. Hort. cliff. 15. Fl. suec. 30. Roy. lugdb. 234. Dalib. paris.11.
 Valeriana sylvestris major. Bauh. pin. 164. Fl. lapp. 14.
 Habitat in Europae nemoribus paludosis. ♃
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Sung and whistled pitch imitation: Supplementary analyses. from Poor neuro-motor tuning of the human larynx: a comparison of sung and whistled pitch imitation
Creators: name: Belyk, Michel
name: Johnson, Joseph F.
name: Kotz, Sonja A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Additional analyses of whistled and sung accuracy and imprecision with sex and years of musical experience as additional predictor.
Some Remarks on the Search for CP Violation in Z-Decays
Creators: name: Bernreuther, W.
name: Nachtmann, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss some issues arising in the search for CP violation in the decays Z -> tau+ tau- and Z -> b \bar b X. The form-factor and the effective Lagrangian approach to parametrize CP-violating effects are compared. We emphasize the interest to study both real and imaginary parts of CP-violating form factors like the weak dipole moment form factor d_tau^Z(m^2_Z) of the tau-lepton. We propose an 'optimal' way to search for CP violation when Z -> b \bar b X events have to be selected on a statistical basis from the total number of Z hadronic decays.
description: 12 pages LaTeX and 2 Postscript files
Valeriana phu Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae
Valeriana
Valeriana phu

description: Valeriana phu, spec. nov.
 6. Valeriana floribus triandris, foliis caulinis pinnatis; radicalibus indivisis. Hort. ups. 13. Mat. med.22.
 Valeriana foliis infimis integris; proximis laciniatis; caulinis pinnatis. Hort. cliff. 15. Roy. lugdb. 234.
 Valeriana hortensis. Bauh. pin. 164.
 Habitat in Alsatia . ♃
 Caule non sulcato & foliolis exterioribus majoribus a V. officinali etjam differt.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Radiation from Vela-Like Pulsars Near the Death Line
Creators: name: Usov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation of both the outer gaps and the neutron star surface is considered for a Vela-like pulsar near the death line. It is shown that if such a pulsar is close enough to the death line, its optical, UV and X-ray emission has to increase. Using results of this consideration, it is argued that Geminga is not a close relative of Vela-like pulsars. The outer gap model of Geminga in which the main part of the outer gap volume operates as a Vela-like generator of $γ$-rays is ruled out. A Vela-like mechanism of $γ$-ray generation can operate only in a small region of the outer gap of Geminga. The length of this region along the magnetic field is an order of magnitude smaller than the outer gap dimensions. In the magnetosphere of Geminga the main mechanism of $γ$-ray generation at $\sim 10 - 10^4$ MeV is curvature radiation and not the synchrotron radiation as it was assumed for Vela-like pulsars.
description: 12 pages of Tex, accepted for publication in ApJ, WIS/87/PH