cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pair Production of MSSM Higgs Bosons in the Non-decoupling Region at the LHC
Creators: name: Christensen, Neil D.
name: Han, Tao
name: Li, Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Higgs boson signals from pair production at the LHC within the framework of the MSSM in the non-decoupling (low-m_A) region. In light of the recent observation of a SM-like Higgs boson, we argue that the exploration for Higgs pair production at the LHC is a crucial next step to probe the MSSM Higgs sector. We emphasize that the production of H^\pm A^0 and H^{+}H^{-} depends only on the electroweak gauge couplings while all the leading Higgs production channels via gluon fusion, vector-boson fusion, and Higgsstrahlung depend on additional free Higgs sector parameters. In the non-decoupling region, the five MSSM Higgs bosons are all relatively light and pair production signals may be accessible. We find that at the 8 TeV LHC, a 5σsignal for H^\pm A^0, H^\pm h^0 -> τ^{\pm}νb\bar b and H^{+}H^{-} -> τ^{+}ντ^{-}νare achievable with an integrated luminosity of 7 (11) fb^{-1} and 24 (48) fb^{-1}, respectively for m_A=95 (130) GeV. At the 14 TeV LHC, a 5σsignal for these two channels would require as little as 4 (7) fb^{-1} and 10 (19) fb^{-1}, respectively.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables. Version to appear in PRD
Contemporary Chinese Social Mentality and Human Buddhism Actively Guide Chinese Society: On the Internal Mechanism of the Adaptation of Religion to Socialist Society
Creators: name: Liao, Yang
name: Meng, Li
name: Zhong, Qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: classificationCode: 390404
subject: Educational counselling
classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The authors analyze the main manifestations and basic characteristics of contemporary Chinese social mentality, discuss the ways and characteristics of the human Buddhism nebula model to actively solve social problems, and the treatment of social morbidity and the guiding path of social mentality in the human Buddhist nebula model. The basic proposition of the social harmony and stable development of the meta-governance (culture and human heart) discusses the mechanism of the adaptation of religion to socialist society. The article believes that the issue of people's hearts still needs to be guided by the "holy" and "vulgar" culture. The governance and construction of society will be completed in a natural way, and social harmony will have a more solid internal foundation.
Desidero ergo sum : on the metaphysics of desire in Felisberto Hernández's "Las Hortensias"
Creators: name: Mann, Niall B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis uses Lacan’s rhetorical understanding of human desire to investigate in greater depth the role of desire in Uruguayan writer Felisberto Hernández’s 1949 novella Las Hortensias. Chapter one looks at the dynamics of veiling and unveiling, of the female body, and of desire itself, which is both repressed into the subtext and expressed on the textual surface. Chapter two discusses the role of the sex doll—Las Hortensias’s privileged object of desire—in determining the identities of the characters who remain in its thrall. The next three chapters suggest that the story’s plot can be divided into two distinct phases: in the first, desire tends to follow a predominantly metaphoric logic, in which one love object is substituted for a number of others, while in the second it tends to follow a more metonymic logic, in which objects are displaced one after the other along a linear sequence. Desire in this first sense is the topic of chapters three and four, while desire in the second sense is the topic of chapter five. Chapter six looks at desire from a different angle: as an intersubjective, socially mediated phenomena, one which belies the notion that desire is an exclusively private, intimate affair. All chapters trace desire’s operations primarily in relation to the story’s protagonist, whose journey through the narrative is read as a kind of passage through Lacan’s three orders—from the symbolic dimension of desiring subjectivity, to imprisonment within an imaginary realm in which desire is derailed, and finally to a traumatic encounter with the real, with the unsymbolizable experience of psychosis. Chapter seven examines the forces behind desire’s derailment, while the thesis’s conclusion reaffirms its guiding idea: that Las Hortensias, by presenting desire’s promise of plenitude and presence as inextricably bound up with emptiness and absence, with philosophical issues of being and nonbeing, tells us something about its metaphysics, i.e. about the very nature of desire itself.
title: A spectrum of imaging findings in the hydatid disease in the pediatric population: A pictorial essay
Creators: name: Becircic, Muris
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Paediatric
subject: Spleen
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Parasites
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this article is to describe the spectrum of ultrasound, CT and MR imaging findings of different localisations of hydatid disease in the pediatric...
The Allocation of Investment in a Dynamic Economy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Shell, Karl
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1967
Subjects: Economics

description: I. Introduction and summary, 592.--II. The one-sector two-capital model, 593.--III. Dynamic analysis, 597.--IV. Market structure, 603.--V. Rationality and irrationality, 607.--VI. Concluding comments, 609.
Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion and Quantum Walks in Arrays of Quadratic Nonlinear Waveguides
Creators: name: Solntsev, Alexander S.
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
name: Neshev, Dragomir N.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the process of simultaneous photon pair generation and quantum walks realized by spontaneous parametric down conversion of a pump beam in a quadratic nonlinear waveguide array. We demonstrate that this flexible platform allows for creating quantum states with different spatial correlations. In particular, we predict that the output photon correlations can be switched from photon bunching to antibunching controlled entirely classically by varying the temperature of the array or the spatial profile of the pump beam.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: The effectiveness of MR enterography (MR-E) in detecting the primary neuroendocrine tumour of the small intestine (Si-NET)
Creators: name: Cyngot, Paulina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Enterography
subject: Oncology
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen
subject: GI Tract

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - Si-NETs’ diagnostic overview - Si-NETs’ imaging characteristics using MR-E - MR-E role in primary tumour detection proved by short case...
The Wounds of Post-Socialism: The Political Economy of Mortality and Survival in Deindustrialising Towns in Hungary
Creators: name: Scheiring, Gabor
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: political economy
social determinants of mortality
deindustrialisation
foreign investment
privatisation
postsocialism
Eastern Europe
Hungary

description: Background: In this dissertation I examine the political economy of the post-socialist mortality crisis as experienced in deindustrialising towns in Hungary. I develop and apply a relational political economy of health framework, putting emphasis on the economic institutions of post-socialist dependent capitalism in Hungary, as embedded in the semi-periphery of the global economy, their gendered implications and their cultural construction. Methods: I follow a mixed-method strategy combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. I rely on a novel dataset comprising data on settlement, enterprise, and individual levels. 260 companies and 52 towns were analysed in two waves. I group towns into severely and moderately deindustrialised categories (1989-1995); as well as into dominant state, domestic private and foreign ownership dominated categories (1995-2004). Population surveys in these towns collected data on the vital status and other characteristics of survey respondents’ relatives. I assess the relationship between deindustrialisation, dominant ownership and the mortality of individuals by random intercept multilevel discrete-time survival modelling. I also investigate the health implications of the lived experience of economic transformation in four towns with diverging privatisation and deindustrialisation histories through a qualitative thematic analysis of 82 in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings: Severe deindustrialisation is associated with a significantly larger odds of mortality for men between 1989 and 1995 (OR=1.12; 95%CI=1.00-1.26; p=0.042). On the other hand, prolonged state ownership is related to a significantly lower odds of dying among women, compared to towns dominated by domestic private ownership (OR=0.74; 95%CI=0.62-0.90; p=0.002) or towns dominated by foreign investment (OR=0.79; 95%CI=0.65-0.96; p=0.019) between 1995 and 2004. The multi-sited semi-structured qualitative interviews revealed that companies are central institutions in the cognitive maps of workers and that the fates of these companies affected the health of workers in multiple ways, whereas state involvement was perceived as a cushioning mechanism. Interpretation: Severe deindustrialisation was a crucial factor behind the post-socialist mortality crisis for men, whilst prolonged state ownership was associated with the protection of life chances for women. The indirect economic benefits of foreign investment do not translate automatically into better health. Rapid economic transformations threaten health; they should be avoided where possible, but if this is not possible, strong safety nets should be in place.
description: Cambridge European Trust European Research Council (grant number 269036)
The Case for Crypto Protocol Awareness Inside the OS Kernel
Creators: name: Burnside, Matthew Spindel
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: Separation of control and data plane is a principle increasingly used to improve the performance of network protocols and applications, such as the Web. Use of security mechanisms, such as the SSL/TLS protocol, can negate these performance gains, since such mechanisms need to be located on the data path. We argue that the same principle of separation can be applied to security mechanisms, by removing the web server from the secure data path.We present a minimal operating system extension that can improve the performance of web servers using SSL/TLS by up to 27%. Our intuition is that protocol framing and cryptographic transforms can be applied to incoming and outgoing data frames by the operating system under a policy specified by the web server. In this way, we can reduce the number of system calls and context switches to a small constant number, and the amount of data copying that involves the web server by 100%. We describe our prototype implementation for the OpenBSD operating system and quantify its performance implications.
Understanding the Electronic Transport Through Single Noble Gas Atoms
Creators: name: Zotti, L. A.
name: Bürkle, M.
name: Dappe, Y. J.
name: Pauly, F.
name: Cuevas, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the conductance of atomic junctions comprising single noble gas atoms (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) coupled to gold electrodes. The aim is to elucidate how the presence of noble gas atoms affects the electronic transport through metallic atomic-size contacts. Our analysis, based on density functional theory and including van der Waals interactions, shows that for the lightest elements (He and Ne) no significant current flows through the noble gas atoms and their effect is to reduce the conductance of the junctions by screening the interaction between the gold electrodes. This explains the observations reported in metallic atomic-size contacts with adsorbed He atoms. Conversely, the heaviest atoms (Kr and Xe) increase the conductance due to the additional current path provided by their valence p states.
description: 3 figures
Recommendations for observational studies of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Marrie, Ruth Ann
name: Miller, Aaron
name: Sormani, Maria Pia
name: Thompson, Alan
name: Waubant, Emmanuelle
name: Trojano, Maria
name: O'Connor, Paul
name: Fiest, Kirsten
name: Reider, Nadia
name: Reingold, Stephen
name: Cohen, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
Year: 2016
Subjects: Epidemiology
Medical/Systematic disease
Multiple sclerosis

description: Objective:To reach consensus about the most relevant comorbidities to study in multiple sclerosis (MS) with respect to incidence, prevalence, and effect on outcomes; review datasets that may support studies of comorbidity in MS; and identify MS outcomes that should be prioritized in such studies.Methods:We held an international workshop to meet these objectives, informed by a systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in MS, and an international survey regarding research priorities for comorbidity.Results:We recommend establishing age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence estimates for 5 comorbidities (depression, anxiety, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes); evaluating the effect of 7 comorbidities (depression, anxiety, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chronic lung disease, and autoimmune diseases) on disability, quality of life, brain atrophy and other imaging parameters, health care utilization, employment, and mortality, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and disease duration as potential confounders; harmonizing study designs across jurisdictions; and conducting such studies worldwide. Ultimately, clinical trials of treating comorbidity in MS are needed.Conclusion:Our recommendations will help address knowledge gaps regarding the incidence, prevalence, and effect of comorbidity on outcomes in MS.
Forschungsdaten veröffentlichen
Creators: name: Grahl, Tina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Warum sollte ich meine Daten veröffentlichen (Vorgabe der Forschungsförderer, Vorgabe der Journals, Open Science)?
Was ist bei der Veröffentlichung von Daten zu beachten (UrhG, Datenschutz, etc.)?
Wo können Forschungsdaten veröffentlicht werden?
Execution transactions for defending against software failures: use and evaluation
Creators: name: Sidiroglou, Stelios
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: We examine the problem of containing buffer overflow attacks in a safe and efficient manner. Briefly, we automatically augment source code to dynamically catch stack and heap-based buffer overflow and underflow attacks, and recover from them by allowing the program to continue execution. Our hypothesis is that we can treat each code function as a transaction that can be aborted when an attack is detected, without affecting the application's ability to correctly execute. Our approach allows us to enable selectively or disable components of this defensive mechanism in response to external events, allowing for a direct tradeoff between security and performance. We combine our defensive mechanism with a honeypot-like configuration to detect previously unknown attacks, automatically adapt an application's defensive posture at a negligible performance cost, and help determine worm signatures. Our scheme provides low impact on application performance, the ability to respond to attacks without human intervention, the capacity to handle previously unknown vulnerabilities, and the preservation of service availability. We implement a stand-alone tool, DYBOC, which we use to instrument a number of vulnerable applications. Our performance benchmarks indicate a slow-down of 20% for Apache in full-protection mode, and 1.2% with selective protection. We provide preliminary evidence toward the validity of our transactional hypothesis via two experiments: first, by applying our scheme to 17 vulnerable applications, successfully fixing 14 of them; second, by examining the behavior of Apache when each of 154 potentially vulnerable routines are made to fail, resulting in correct behavior in 139 cases (90%), with similar results for sshd (89%) and Bind (88%).
title: Carotid Blood Flow Assessment with Vector Flow Imaging: an updated and standardized Protocol to properly assess and interpret the quantitative analysis
Creators: name: Dell'Era, Alex
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Vascular
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Education
subject: Screening
subject: Staging
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Hypertension
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To provide a standardised protocol to use a novel high-frame-rate vector flow imaging (HiFR-VF) technique for blood flow visualization and...
Granular-Scale Elementary Flux Emergence Episodes in a Solar Active Region
Creators: name: Dominguez, S. Vargas
name: van Driel-Gesztelyi, L.
name: Rubio, L. R. Bellot
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze data from Hinode spacecraft taken over two 54-minute periods during the emergence of AR 11024. We focus on small-scale portions within the observed solar active region and discover the appearance of very distinctive small-scale and short-lived dark features in Ca II H chromospheric filtergrams and Stokes I images. The features appear in regions with close-to-zero longitudinal magnetic field, and are observed to increase in length before they eventually disappear. Energy release in the low chromospheric line is detected while the dark features are fading. In time series of magnetograms a diverging bipolar configuration is observed accompanying the appearance of the dark features and the brightenings. The observed phenomena are explained as evidencing elementary flux emergence in the solar atmosphere, i.e small-scale arch filament systems rising up from the photosphere to the lower chromosphere with a length scale of a few solar granules. Brightenings are explained as being the signatures of chromospheric heating triggered by reconnection of the rising loops (once they reached chromospheric heights) with pre-existing magnetic fields as well as to reconnection/cancellation events in U-loop segments of emerging serpentine fields. We study the temporal evolution and dynamics of the events and compare them with the emergence of magnetic loops detected in quiet sun regions and serpentine flux emergence signatures in active regions. Incorporating the novel features of granular-scale flux emergence presented in this study we advance the scenario for serpentine flux emergence.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Robot-assisted upper extremity rehabilitation for cervical spinal cord injuries: a systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Singh, Hardeep
name: Unger, Janelle
name: Zariffa, José
name: Pakosh, Maureen
name: Jaglal, Susan
name: Catharine Craven, B.
name: E. Musselman, Kristin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Purpose: To provide an overview of the feasibility and outcomes of robotic-assisted upper extremity training for individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), and to identify gaps in current research and articulate future research directions. Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CCTR, CDSR, CINAHL and PubMed on June 7, 2017. Search terms included 3 themes: (1) robotics; (2) SCI; (3) upper extremity. Studies using robots for upper extremity rehabilitation among individuals with cervical SCI were included. Identified articles were independently reviewed by two researchers and compared to pre-specified criteria. Disagreements regarding article inclusion were resolved through discussion. The modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess article quality. Participant characteristics, study and intervention details, training outcomes, robot features, study limitations and recommendations for future studies were abstracted from included articles. Results: Twelve articles (one randomized clinical trial, six case series, five case studies) met the inclusion criteria. Five robots were exoskeletons and three were end-effectors. Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 17 subjects. Articles had variable quality, with quality scores ranging from 8 to 20. Studies had a low internal validity primarily from lack of blinding or a control group. Individuals with mild-moderate impairments showed the greatest improvements on body structure/function and performance-level measures. This review is limited by the small number of articles, low-sample sizes and the diversity of devices and their associated training protocols, and outcome measures. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests robot-assisted interventions are safe, feasible and can reduce active assistance provided by therapists.Implications for rehabilitationRobot-assisted upper extremity training for individuals with cervical spinal cord injury is safe, feasible and can reduce hands-on assistance provided by therapists.Future research in robotics rehabilitation with individuals with spinal cord injury is needed to determine the optimal device and training protocol as well as effectiveness. Robot-assisted upper extremity training for individuals with cervical spinal cord injury is safe, feasible and can reduce hands-on assistance provided by therapists. Future research in robotics rehabilitation with individuals with spinal cord injury is needed to determine the optimal device and training protocol as well as effectiveness.
title: Single ventricle heart in congenital heart diseases- what a radiologist should know
Creators: name: Bursupalle, Mahesh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Congenital
subject: Complications
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Cardiac
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To know •Various types of single ventricle physiology hearts, their anatomy and imaging findings •Various palliative surgeries, their timing and pathophysiology •How CT and MRI are useful for assessment and follow...
Trust Management for IPsec
Creators: name: Blaze, Matt
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: IPsec is the standard suite of protocols for network-layer confidentiality and authentication of Internet traffic. The IPsec protocols, however, do not address the policies for how protected traffic should be handled at security end points. This article introduces an efficient policy management scheme for IPsec, based on the principles of trust management. A compliance check is added to the IPsec architecture that tests packet filters proposed when new security associations are created for conformance with the local security policy, based on credentials presented by the peer host. Security policies and credentials can be quite sophisticated (and specified in the trust-management language), while still allowing very efficient packet-filtering for the actual IPsec traffic. We present a practical portable implementation of this design, based on the KeyNote trust-management language, that works with a variety of UNIX-based IPsec implementations. Finally, we discuss some applications of the enhanced IPsec architecture.
No Outsourcing of Law? WTO Law as Practiced by WTO Courts
Creators: name: Mavroidis, Petros C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Foreign trade regulation
International law
Commerce

description: This article provides a critical assessment of the corpus of law that the adjudicating bodies of the World Trade Organization (WTO)—the Appellate Body (AB) and panels—have used since the organization was established on January 1, 1995. After presenting a taxonomy of WTO law, I move to discern, and to provide a critical assessment of, the philosophy of the WTO adjudicating bodies, when called to interpret it. In discussing the law that WTO adjudicating bodies have used, I distinguish between sources of WTO law and interpretative elements. This distinction will be explicated in part I below. Part II provides a taxonomy of the sources of WTO law, and part III a taxonomy of the interpretative elements used to illuminate those sources. Part IV concludes.
The Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia with Lewy Bodies: a Systematic Review
Creators: name: David B. Hogan, Kirsten M. Fiest
Publisher: name: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
Year: 2016
Subjects: Dementia with Lewy bodies
Lewy body disease
incidence
prevalence
epidemiology
systematic review

description: Background Population-based prevalence and incidence studies are essential for understanding the societal burden of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify publications addressing the incidence and/or prevalence of DLB. References of included articles and prior systematic reviews were searched for additional studies. Two reviewers screened all abstracts and full-text reviews, abstracted data and performed quality assessments. Results Twenty-two studies were included. Incidence rates ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 per 1000 person-years. DLB accounted for 3.2-7.1% of all dementia cases in the incidence studies. Point and period prevalence estimates ranged from 0.02 to 63.5 per 1000 persons. Increasing prevalence estimates were reported with increasing age. DLB accounted for from 0.3 to 24.4% of all cases of dementia in the prevalence studies. Conclusions DLB becomes more common with increasing age and accounts for about 5% of all dementia cases in older populations.
Factor Price Equalization in a Dynamic Economy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1970
Subjects: Economics

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate in detail the long-run supply responses of capital and their implications for the classical propositions. We focus on the behavior of a two-country model in which the long-run rate of interest in each country is fixed, for example, by the pure rate of time preference in the case of "rational" savings behavior, or by the savings behavior of capitalists if workers save nothing. After setting up the basic model in Section I, and analyzing the pre-trade equilibrium in Section II, we investigate the long-run free-trade equilibrium in Section III. In Section IV, we show that, because the high interest rate (high time preference) country is willing to trade future consumption for present consumption with the low interest rate country, it always has a lower long-run consumption with free trade than pre-trade, and conversely for the low interest rate economy. In Section V, the patterns of specialization are investigated. Section VI considers the effects of trade policy on the long-run equilibrium; it is shown that a tariff (export subsidy) may lead to a higher consumption per capita in both countries. Section VII considers some extensions of the analysis. In the Appendix, the nature of the dynamic path is analyzed.
title: A pictorial review of femoro-acetabular impingement
Creators: name: Zanirato Rambaldi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Arthritides
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Toillustrate MR arthrography (MRA) findings of femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), emerged from a single centre experience and literature...
The Implications of Alternative Saving and Expectations Hypotheses for Choices of Technique and Patterns of Growth
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Cass, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1969
Subjects: Economics

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate in detail the dynamics of a simple model with heterogeneous capital goods under alternative assumptions about expectations formation and saving. Before investment takes place, the entrepreneur has a choice over a large number (to be precise, a continuum) of types of machines; those which require more resources today require less labor per unit of output in the future. But once the machine has been constructed, it cannot be altered. This model raises, moreover, the interesting problem of economic obsolescence: machines may be constructed which subsequently, because of higher wage rates, are no longer profitable to operate. We shall be interested in determining how the dynamic behavior of this economy differs from that of the economy with malleable capital, as analyzed by Solow (1956) and Swan (1956) for the descriptive growth model and by Ramsey (1928) for the optimal growth model. It will be shown that, although there are fundamental differences in short-run behavior, in the long run the economy evolves much like the economy described by the simpler malleable capital models. On the other hand, econometric estimation based on the use of the malleable capital model, such as that of Solow (1957) in estimating the residual, or Arrow, Chenery, Minhas, and Solow (1961) in estimating the elasticity of substitution, may encounter serious biases from the specification error.
DEP Bulletin:Volume 37 Issue 5
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2013

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
On the Optimality of the Stock Market Allocation of Investment
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1972
Subjects: Economics

description: I. Introduction, 25.--II. The basic model, 27.--III. Determination of the level of investment in a mean variance model, 32.--IV. Choice of technique, 47.--V. Remarks on alternative models of market equilibrium, 52.--VI. Concluding remarks, 55.--Appendix, 57.
Exploring the relationship between trait evolution and the generation of species diversity
Creators: name: Magnuson-Ford, Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Macroevolutionary questions, such as "why do some lineages diversify faster than others?", are often studied by investigating key traits related to species’ ecology and life-history. Many traits have been hypothesized to affect rates of diversification and often it is these traits that are used to address another macroevolutionary question: "do traits evolve gradually over time or in punctuated bursts during speciation?" Using phylogenetic data and species’ present-day trait information, I present a novel approach to assess the mode of character change while accounting for state-dependent speciation and extinction. The model, Binary-State Speciation and Extinction - node enhanced state shift (BiSSE-ness), estimates both the rate of change occurring along lineages and the probability of change occurring during speciation, while simultaneously estimating the speciation and extinction rates for each character state. Using simulations, I found BiSSE-ness is able to distinguish along-lineage and speciational change and precisely estimate the parameters associated with character change and diversification rates. I applied BiSSE-ness to an empirical primate data set examining five traits related to ecology, behaviour, and reproduction. I provide evidence that changes in primate habitat type may be associated with speciation, whereas changes in social behaviour and mating system occur mainly along lineages. The BiSSE-ness model is flexible in that it may be used to address questions regarding species diversification, regardless of whether the trait changes in a manner that is proportional to time or to the number of speciation events. However, in cases where the trait is linked to the speciation process itself, such as niche-related traits, BiSSE-ness provides a suitable framework in which to simultaneously address questions regarding species’ diversification and character change.
Constraints on Lema\^ıtre-Tolman-Bondi models from Observational Hubble Parameter data
Creators: name: Wang, Hao
name: Zhang, Tong-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the observational Hubble parameter data (OHD), both the latest observational dataset (Stern et al. 2010, referred to as SJVKS) and the simulated datasets, to constrain Lema\^ıtre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) void models. The necessity of the consistency check on OHD itself in the LTB cosmology is stressed. Three voids are chosen as test models and are constrained using the Union2 dataset of SN Ia as well as OHD. Despite their different parametrization, the results from our test models show some indicating similarities, e.g., the best-fit voids obtained from OHD are all considerably broader than those from SN Ia. Due to the small size of the SJVKS dataset, the constraints are not conclusive. The constraining power of the future OHD observations are therefore investigated, through a Figure of Merit (FoM) analysis based on the Monte Carlo simulated data. We found that, in the case that the future OHD become more consistent with SN Ia, the results from the test models are almost unanimous: 1) as many as 32 OHD data points at the SJVKS-like uncertainty level are needed to give a higher FoM than the Union2 dataset of SN Ia; 2) precise observation helps reduce this required number; 3) increasing the survey depth does not always increase the FoM. On the other hand, if the future OHD and the Union2 dataset keep favor different voids, in a similar manner as they do at present, the 1σ confidence regions obtained from the two probes should finally separate. We test this conjecture and found that, the minimum observational requirement (the size of the dataset, the uncertainty level and the survey depth) for this inconsistency to emerge depends strongly on the void model.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Molar tooth malformation: understanding the spectrum of Joubert syndrome in the brain.
Creators: name: Mágero, Natália
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Anatomy
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The purposes of this educational exhibit are: To approach the Joubert syndrome (JS) and the typical neuroimaging findings in a practical manner, according to their topography and appearance. To bring together some important features in order to...
Output, Employment, and Wages in the Short Run
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Solow, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1968
Subjects: Economics

description: I. Introduction, 537.--II. Building blocks, 539.--III. The working of the model, 545.--IV. Displacement of short-run equilibrium, 554.--V. Effective demand and the distribution of income, 557.--VI. Next steps, 559.
Understanding the impacts of net-zero electricity in Canada by 2035
Creators: name: Ahmadkhani, Sana
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Electricity
subject: net-zero policy
subject: clean electricity policy
subject: CER
subject: CES
subject: energy economics
subject: Information Science
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Economics--Labor
subject: Geography

description: Canada is committed to eliminating greenhouse gas emissions from its electricity system. The Clean Electricity Standard (CES) policy intends to enforce a net-zero electricity system by 2035 in which all thermal generators must be ceased. While many parts of Canada are already there, many are not. And the need to grow electricity supply to meet new electrical demand will add to the pressure. The purpose of this paper is to present for the first time in Canada a Python-based generator-level model that will be used to illustrate how 2035 electricity decarbonization will affect thermal capacity, generation, and carbon dioxide emissions. In this thesis, we review electricity markets across Canada and the clean electricity policies in each province. We explore what the 2035 CES policy will mean for the electricity sector in terms of how the policy will truncate the installed capacity and energy produced from thermal generators, and the amount of CO2 released. We discuss what we call the spatial impacts of clean energy policies in terms of where the impacts will most be felt on a regional level in terms of jobs affected. Finally, we discuss opportunities to reduce the adverse community effects of this policy. For our main results, we find that relative to letting thermal power plants live out their current expected lives, the CES policy will truncate 22 percent of fossil capacity-years, reduce 17 percent of CO2 emissions (68 megatonnes from 2035 onwards) and put at risk 21.7 percent of jobs at thermal power plants. Knowing when and where a facility closure will take place can allow targeted deployment of training resources for those in need, long-term budgeting that includes tax revenue losses, and advance planning for transitioning individuals to local jobs in environmental remediation of fossil facilities and new clean electricity generation. The ability of coal mines and other fuel supply to operate at efficient scales in order to stockpile fuel while serving out existing contracts will also be facilitated by clear expectations as to when and where generator retirements will occur.
A bottleneck model for bidirectional transport controlled by fluctuations
Creators: name: Jelić, Asja
name: Appert-Rolland, Cécile
name: Santen, Ludger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new model to study the oscillations of opposite flows sharing a common bottleneck and moving on two Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (TASEP) lanes. We provide a theoretical analysis of the phase diagram, valid when the flow in the bottleneck is dominated by local stationary states. In particular, we predict and find an inhomogeneous high density phase, with a striped spatio-temporal structure. At the same time, our results also show that some other features of the model cannot be explained by the stationarity hypothesis and require consideration of the transients in the bottleneck at each reversal of the flow. In particular, we show that for short bottlenecks, the capacity of the system is at least as high as for uni-directional flow, in spite of having to empty the bottleneck at each reversal - a feature that can be explained only by efficient transients. Looking at more sensitive quantities like the distribution of flipping times, we show that, in most regimes, the bottleneck is driven by rare fluctuations and descriptions beyond the stationary state are required.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in EPL (2012)
title: MR Spectroscopy in paediatric brain lesions – A problem solving tool.
Creators: name: Damodaran Nampoothiry, Athul
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Parasites
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Infection
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Aim is to understand the basic concepts of MR Spectroscopy and it's importance in improving the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric brain lesions. Fig....
The Effects of Income, Wealth, and Capital Gains Taxation on Risk-Taking
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1969
Subjects: Economics

description: I. Introduction, 263.--II. The basic model and some behavioral hypotheses, 264. --III. Wealth tax, 269.--IV. Income taxation, 270.--V. Special treatment of capital gains, 274.--VI. No loss offset, 275.--VII. Welfare implications, 279.
Enhanced nonlinear response of Ne$^{8+}$ to intense ultrafast x rays
Creators: name: Sytcheva, Arina
name: Pabst, Stefan
name: Son, Sang-Kil
name: Santra, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible reasons for the discrepancy between the theoretical two-photon ionization cross section, $\sim 10^{-56}$ $\text{cm}^4 \text{s}$, of Ne$^{8+}$ obtained within the perturbative nonrelativistic framework for monochromatic light [J. Phys. B {\bf 34}, 4857 (2001)] and the experimental value, $7 \times 10^{-54}$ $\text{cm}^4 \text{s}$, reported in [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 106}, 083002 (2011)] at a photon energy of 1110 eV. To this end, we consider Ne$^{8+}$ exposed to deterministic and chaotic ensembles of intense x-ray pulses. The time-dependent configuration-interaction singles (TDCIS) method is used to quantitatively describe nonlinear ionization of Ne$^{8+}$ induced by coherent intense ultrashort x-ray laser pulses. The impact of the bandwidth of a chaotic ensemble of x-ray pulses on the effective two-photon ionization cross section is studied within the lowest nonvanishing order of perturbation theory. We find that, at a bandwidth of 11 eV, the effective two-photon ionization cross section of Ne$^{8+}$ at a photon energy of 1110 eV amounts to $5 \times 10^{-57}$ and $1.6 \times 10^{-55}$ $\text{cm}^4 \text{s}$ for a deterministic ensemble and a chaotic ensemble, respectively. We show that the enhancement obtained for a chaotic ensemble of pulses originates from the presence of the one-photon 1$s^2$--1$s4p$ resonance located at 1127 eV. Using the TDCIS approach, we also show that, for currently available radiation intensities, two-photon ionization of a 1$s$ electron in neutral neon remains less probable than one-photon ionization of a valence electron.
On the Deployment of Dynamic Taint Analysis for Application Communities
Creators: name: Kim, Hyung Chan
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Although software-attack detection via dynamic taint analysis (DTA) supports high coverage of program execution, it prohibitively degrades the performance of the monitored program. This letter explores the possibility of collaborative dynamic taint analysis among members of an application community (AC): instead of full monitoring for every request at every instance of the AC, each member uses DTA for some fraction of the incoming requests, thereby loosening the burden of heavyweight monitoring. Our experimental results using a test AC based on the Apache web server show that speedy detection of worm outbreaks is feasible with application communities of medium size (i.e., 250-500).
Evolution of common resource tenure and governing: evidence from pastureland in Mongolia Plateau
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaoqi
name: Amarjargal, Amartuvshin
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: economic reform
property rights
privatization
community
central planning

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Land tenure is to define who hold the land as well as the relationship between tenant and the lord. Most fundamentally tenure and changing tenure is capturing the value of the resource. The nature of the resource and changing relative scarcity are essential to induce or lead evolution of land tenure. Pasture resources have been held in open access and communal tenure for much of the long history on Mongolia Plateau because of the abundant resource with low population density. Historically pasture tenure in this region has been evolving from open and semi-open access to communal tenure (control) to more private ownership, although other forces like political system can only cause temporary departure from the general patterns. Presently the variety of tenure arrangements largely reflects the scarcity of the pastoral resources: Mongolia is still primarily adopting semi-open access with community governing although state is viewed as sole ownership, while Inner Mongolia is more directing privatization of at least the use rights.
Incentives, Risk , and Information: Notes Towards a Theory of Hierarchy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1975
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper analyzes the role of incentives, risk, and information in determining the structure of employment contracts. In particular, we focus on the functions performed by piece rate versus time rate payment systems and by supervisors. The relative reliance on piece rates versus time rates is related to risk sharing, to the use of the payment system as a method of screening employees, and to differential information concerning the difficulties of the tasks being performed. The choice of payment system thus depends on the attitudes toward risk of workers and employers, effort supply elasticities, the sources and magnitude of the uncertainties, and the nature of the supervision used in the employment relation. The supervisor is viewed as monitoring inputs (enforcing contracts), screening individuals, obtaining information about the state of the world, etc. These roles are related to the nonconvexities associated with information.