Phoca vitulina Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: W. Christopher Wozencraft
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Phoca
Phoca vitulina

description: <i>Phoca vitulina</i> Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:38. TYPE LOCALITY: "in mari Europaeo" restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "Mari Bothnico et Baltico", however, presently it does not occur in the Gulf of Bothnia (Bobrinski et al., 1944). DISTRIBUTION: Kurile Isis and Kamchatka (Russia); south to Kiangsu (China); Alaska to Mexico; Greenland and E Canada to NE USA; Iceland; Britain and Europe; Seal Lakes, Ungava Peninsula (Canada); Iliamna Lake, Alaska (USA). STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable as <i>P. v. stejnegeri.</i> SYNONYMS: <i>antarcticus</i> Peale, 1848; <i>californica</i> Gray, 1866; <i>canina</i> Pallas, 1811; <i>concolor</i> DeKay, 1842; <i>geronimensis</i> Allen, 1902; <i>insularis</i> Belkin, 1964; <i>kurilensis</i> McLaren, 1966; <i>linnaei</i> Lesson, 1828; <i>littorea</i> Thienemann, 1824; <i>mellonae</i> Doutt, 1942; <i>pealii</i> Gill, 1866; <i>pribilofensis</i> Allen, 1902; <i>richardii</i> Gray, 1873; <i>scopulicola</i> Thienemann, 1824; <i>thienemannii</i> Lesson, 1828; <i>variegata</i> Nilsson, 1820. COMMENTS: The position of <i>stejnegeri</i> Allen, 1902, remains uncertain; Scheffer (1958) placed in <i>largha</i> Pallas, 1811; J. E. King (1983) placed in <i>vitulina</i> Linnaeus, 1758; and Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) suggested <i>incertae sedis.</i>
description: Published as part of <i>W. Christopher Wozencraft, 1993, Order Carnivora, pp. 279-348 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press</i> on page 332, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359191
description: {"references": ["Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158.", "Pallas, P. S. 1811 [1831]. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicillia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. [ICZN Opinion 212 -- dates of volumes: 1 &amp; 2: 1811; 3: 1814]. Petropoli, in officina Caes. acadamiae scientiarum. 3 vol. [official date of publ for vol 1 - 1811 impress], 1: 1 - 568.", "Allen, J. A. 1902. Mammal names proposed by Oken in his \" Lehrbuch der Zoologie \". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16: 373 - 379.", "Gill, T. 1866. Prodrome of a monograph of the pinnipeds. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Communications, 5: 1 - 13.", "Scheffer, V. B. 1958. Seals, sea lions, and walruses, a review of the Pinnipedia. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 179 pp.", "Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.", "Shaughnessy, P. D., and F. H. Fay. 1977. A review of the taxonomy and nomenclature of north Pacific harbour seals. Journal of Zoology, London, 182: 385 - 419."]}