Salda Fabricius 1803
Creators: name: N. N. Vinokurov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Saldidae
Salda
Cimicidae
Cimex
Cimex littoralis

description: Genus SALDA Fabricius, 1803
Fabricius, 1803: 113; Stål, 1858: 191; Reuter, 1895: 53 (Acanthia); 1912: 22; Oshanin, 1908: 583 (Sciodopterus), 1912: 88; Drake, Hoberlandt, 1950: 3; Kiritshenko, 1951: 94; Cobben, 1960: 220; Kerzhner, 1964: 686; Wróblewski, 1968: 14; Tamanini, 1982: 84; Polhemus, 1985: 130; Schuh et al., 1987: 275; Vinokurov, 1979: 62; 1988: 749; Péricart, 1990: 85; Vinokurov, Kanyukova, 1995b: 36; Lindskog, 1995: 134.
Type species: Cimex littoralis Linnaeus, 1758.
Description. Body black, oblong-oval or widely oval, medium-sized or large (4–8 mm), dorsally matte or with metallic luster, with blue reflection. Head moderately inclined. Eyes very large, ocelli widely spaced. Antennae long and fine, 2nd segment with long raised hairs. Calli of pronotum with median depression, large but low, reaching anteriorly lateral margin of pronotum. Posterolateral angles of pronotum rounded or weakly pointed, occasionally pale. Hemielytra long or shortened, covered with short raised, brown or golden, rarely long raised hairs. Embolar suture short. Secondary hypocostal ridge occasionally not reaching costal margin of hemielytron. Pale spots on corium absent, or small, or in form of longitudinal stripes. Membrane with 4 cells, innermost cell 3/4 as long as neighboring one; in individuals with shortened wings, membrane frequently coriaceous. 2nd segment of hind tarsus usually as long as, or longer than 3rd one. Filum gonopori of aedeagus forming 2.5–4.0 coils of spiral, middle sclerotized structure of aedeagus and larval organ absent.
The insects inhabit the sandy, clay silted shores of water bodies, wet meadows, and bogs; the species hibernates at the egg stage.
Distribution. Holarctic.
A Key to Species of the Genus Salda F.
of the Fauna of Russia and Adjacent Territories
1 (8). Dorsal side of body matte or with matte sheen. Hemielytra long or shortened; in latter case (except in S. kiritshenkoi), membrane with distinct venation, more or less hyaline ........................ 2.
2 (3). Corium entirely black, rather densely and uniformly covered with hairs. 2nd–4th antennal segments black. Legs dark brown to nearly black. Paramere as in Fig. 18. Body length 4.8–5.8 mm ................... S. kiritshenkoi Cobben.
3 (2). Corium with pale spots and stripes ................. 4.
4 (5). Corium with 2 longitudinal, medially interrupted stripes strongly reduced in dark specimens; pale spot in radial cell (rs) oblong, present even in dark specimens (Figs. 11–14). Parandria narrow and widely spaced (Figs. 33, 34), paramere as in Figs. 21–23. Body length 4.3–4.9 mm ............... ................................................ S. sahlbergi Reut.
5 (4). Exocorium without longitudinal stripes, with pale spots; pale spot in radial cell rounded, frequently absent.
6 (7). Dorsal side with short recumbent hairs. Exocorium entirely dark, or with pale spots near cubital vein (Figs. 1, 2). Parandria wide, separated by rather narrow interval (Fig. 30); paramere as in Figs. 15–17. Body length 5.1–7 mm .............. ...................................................... S. littoralis L.
7 (6). Dorsal side with rather long, partly raised hairs. Exocorium with pale apical spot which absent in dark individuals (Figs. 3–5). Parandria wide, separated by narrow interval (Fig. 35), paramere as in Fig. 24. Body length 4.3–5.5 mm .............. .................................................. S. henschii Reut.
8 (1). Dorsal side of body with metallic sheen, with distinct blue reflection seen at great magnification. Hemielytra frequently shortened, with coriaceous membrane. When body with long raised hairs (S. splendens), corium without pale spots ................................................................ 9.
9 (10). Endocorium usually with pale spots (Figs. 6, 7); corium occasionally (only in darkest individuals) entirely black (Fig. 8); its side adjoining clavus more strongly lustrous than outer part. Exocorium with short scattered hairs. Cells of membrane brown in macropterous specimens. 2nd antennal segment brown or dark brown. Legs yellow-brown or nearly black. Paramere and parandria as in Figs. 20, 31. Body length 5.9–7.2 mm .................................. S. morio Zett.
10 (9). Corium without pale spots, entirely black (in S. muelleri, small pale spots occasionally present at border with membrane) ..................... 11.
11 (12). Pronotum and hemielytra scabrous and less strongly lustrous than lower part of thorax; dorsal side with short (0.04–0.06 mm) recumbent hairs; hemielytra as in Figs. 9, 10. 2 nd antennal segment black or dark brown. Fore acetabula black, with narrow of pale edging on outer side. Paramere and parandria as in Figs. 19, 32. Body length 4.8–7.5 mm ................... S. muelleri Zett.
12 (11). Pronotum and hemielytra smooth, lustrous to same extent as lower part of thorax; dorsal side with longer (over 0.06 mm) subrecumbent and raised hairs. 2nd antennal segment pale. Fore acetabula pale ............................................... 13.
13 (14). Head, not considering 3 pairs of long trichobothria, with short recumbent hairs; pronotum and hemielytra with scattered subrecumbent hairs, occasionally also with single raised hairs. Paramere and parandria as in Figs. 25–27, 36. Body length 4.8–6.5 mm .......... ..................................................... S. micans Jak.
14 (13). Head, pronotum, and hemielytra with long sparse raised hairs. Paramere and parandria as in Figs. 28, 29, 37. Body length 5.1–6.2 mm .......... ................................................. S. splendens Jak.
description: Published as part of N. N. Vinokurov, 2010, Species of the Genus Salda F. (Heteroptera, Saldidae) of the Fauna of Russia and Adjacent Territories, pp. 727-740 in Entomological Review 90 (6) on pages 727-728, DOI: 10.1134/S0013873810060096