cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength search for counterparts of supersoft X-ray sources in M31
Creators: name: Chiosi, E.
name: Orio, M.
name: Bernardini, F.
name: Henze, M.
name: Jamialiahmadi, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We searched optical/UV/IR counterparts of seven supersoft X-ray sources (SSS) in M31 in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) "Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury" (PHAT) archival images and photometric catalog. Three of the SSS were transient, the other four are persistent sources. The PHAT offers the opportunity to identify SSS hosting very massive white dwarfs that may explode as type Ia supernovae in single degenerate binaries, with magnitudes and color indexes typical of symbiotic stars, high mass close binaries, or systems with optically luminous accretion disks. We find evidence that the transient SSS were classical or recurrent novae; two likely counterparts we identified are probably symbiotic binaries undergoing mass transfer at a very high rate. There is a candidate accreting white dwarf binary in the error circle of one of the persistent sources, r3-8. In the spatial error circle of the best studied SSS in M31, r2-12, no red giants or AGB stars are sufficiently luminous in the optical and UV bands to be symbiotic systems hosting an accreting and hydrogen burning white dwarf. This SSS has a known modulation of the X-ray flux with a 217.7 s period, and we measured an upper limit on its derivative, 0.82 x 10(-11). This limit can be reconciled with the rotation period of a white dwarf accreting at high rate in a binary with a few-hours orbital period. However, there is no luminous counterpart with color indexes typical of an accretion disk irradiated by a hot central source. Adopting a semi-empirical relationship, the upper limit for the disk optical luminosity implies an upper limit of only 169 minutes for the orbital period of the white dwarf binary.
description: Accepted in MNRAS
Going Beyond the Galaxy Power Spectrum: an Analysis of BOSS Data with Wavelet Scattering Transforms
Creators: name: Valogiannis, Georgios
name: Dvorkin, Cora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the first application of the wavelet scattering transform (WST) to actual galaxy observations, through a WST analysis of the BOSS DR12 CMASS dataset. We included the effects of redshift-space anisotropy, non-trivial survey geometry, systematic weights, and the Alcock-Paczynski distortion effect, following the commonly adopted steps for the power spectrum analysis. In order to capture the cosmological dependence of the WST, we use galaxy mocks obtained from the state-of-the-art ABACUSSUMMIT simulations, tuned to match the anisotropic correlation function of the BOSS CMASS sample in the redshift range $0.46
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. v3: matches accepted paper in PRD
Inversion identities for inhomogeneous face models
Creators: name: Frahm, Holger
name: Karaiskos, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact inversion identities satisfied by the transfer matrix of inhomogeneous interaction-round-a-face (IRF) models with arbitrary boundary conditions using the underlying integrable structure and crossing properties of the local Boltzmann weights. For the critical restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) models these identities together with some information on the analytical properties of the transfer matrix determine the spectrum completely and allow to derive the Bethe equations for both periodic and general open boundary conditions.
description: Latex, 20 pages
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll # 107-2
Creators: name: Inc., The Canadian Gallup Poll
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal and provincial elections vote intent(2); past federal and provincial elections vote(2); Canada's defense(1); acceptance of homosexuals(2); federal government and senior citizens(4); Medicare(3); economic situation(1); Citizens' Forum on Canada's Future(2); Ontario Prime Minister job performance(1). Note: Standard demographics(17).
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll # 202-1
Creators: name: Inc., The Canadian Gallup Poll
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Voting intentions(2); voting record(4); cultural issues(4); Ontario Premier job performance(1); prostitution(2); national problem(1); political leaders(7); confidence in institutions(1); health service evaluation(1); union membership(1).
Stability and convergence of dynamical decoupling with finite amplitude control
Creators: name: Burgarth, Daniel
name: Facchi, Paolo
name: Hillier, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical decoupling is a key method to mitigate errors in a quantum mechanical system, and we studied it in a series of papers dealing in particular with the problems arising from unbounded Hamiltonians. The standard bangbang model of dynamical decoupling, which we also used in those papers, requires decoupling operations with infinite amplitude, which is strictly speaking unrealistic from a physical point of view. In this paper we look at decoupling operations of finite amplitude, discuss under what assumptions dynamical decoupling works with such finite amplitude operations, and show how the bangbang description arises as a limit, hence justifying it as a reasonable approximation.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor corrections made, Remark 4.3 and Example 5.1 added, to appear in J.Math.Phys
Intra- and Interband Electron Scattering in the Complex Hybrid Topological Insulator Bismuth Bilayer on Bi$_2$Se$_3$
Creators: name: Eich, A.
name: Michiardi, M.
name: Bihlmayer, G.
name: Zhu, X. -G.
name: Mi, J. -L.
name: Iversen, Bo B.
name: Wiesendanger, R.
name: Hofmann, Ph.
name: Khajetoorians, A. A.
name: Wiebe, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The band structure, intra- and interband scattering processes of the electrons at the surface of a bismuth-bilayer on Bi$_2$Se$_3$ have been experimentally investigated by low-temperature Fourier-transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The observed complex quasiparticle interference patterns are compared to a simulation based on the spin-dependent joint density of states approach using the surface-localized spectral function calculated from first principles as the only input. Thereby, the origin of the quasiparticle interferences can be traced back to intraband scattering in the bismuth bilayer valence band and Bi$_2$Se$_3$ conduction band, and to interband scattering between the two-dimensional topological state and the bismuth-bilayer valence band. The investigation reveals that the bilayer band gap, which is predicted to host one-dimensional topological states at the edges of the bilayer, is pushed several hundred milli-electronvolts above the Fermi level. This result is rationalized by an electron transfer from the bilayer to Bi$_2$Se$_3$ which also leads to a two-dimensional electron state in the Bi$_2$Se$_3$ conduction band with a strong Rashba spin-splitting, coexisting with the topological state and bilayer valence band.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Efficacy Study of Novel Diamidine Compounds in a Trypanosoma evansi Goat Model
Creators: name: Kumar, Arvind
name: Deborggraeve, Stijn
name: Brun, Reto
name: Gutierrez, Carlos
name: Bridges, Arlene
name: Ali Ekangu, Rosine
name: Boykin, David
name: Ismail, Mohamed
name: Wu, Huali
name: Gillingwater, Kirsten
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Three diamidines (DB 75, DB 867 and DB 1192) were selected and their ability to cure T. evansi experimentally infected goats was investigated. A toxicity assessment and pharmacokinetic analysis of these compounds were additionally carried out. Goats demonstrated no signs of acute toxicity, when treated with four doses of 1 mg/kg/day (total dose 4 mg/kg). Complete curative efficacy of experimentally infected goats was seen in the positive control group treated with diminazene at 5 mg/kg and in the DB 75 and DB 867 groups treated at 2.5 mg/kg. Drug treatment was administered once every second day for a total of seven days. Complete cure was also seen in the group of goats treated with DB 75 at 1.25 mg/kg. DB 1192 was incapable of curing goats at either four-times 2.5 mg/kg or 1.25 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the treatment failures of DB 1192 were due to sub-therapeutic compound levels in goat plasma, whilst compound levels for DB 75 and DB 867 remained well within the therapeutic window. In conclusion, two diamidine compounds (DB 75 and DB 867) presented comparable efficacy at lower doses than the standard drug diminazene and could be considered as potential clinical candidates against T. evansi infection.
Canadian Gallup Poll # 437A
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); Indo-Chinese refugees into Canada(1); wide use of social security numbers(2); higher interest rates(3); US capital in Canada(2); TV violence and children(2); embargo on releasing pre-election polling data(1); use of credit cards(3). Note: Demographics(15).
A split seesaw model with hidden neutrinoless double beta decay but successful leptogenesis
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhen-hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a paper by Asaka, Ishida and Tanaka \cite{hiding}, they proposed a novel possibility (which will be referred to as the AIT ansatz) that, in spite of the Majorana nature of neutrinos, the neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay can be hidden. In the original AIT model, the AIT ansatz is realized in the minimal seesaw model with two right-handed neutrinos which have a hierarchical mass structure: the lighter and heavier right-handed neutrinos are respectively much lighter and heavier than the typical Fermi-momentum scale of nuclei. However, the original AIT model does not accommodate a successful leptogenesis. For this problem, in this paper we study a split seesaw model with one lighter right-handed neutrino but two heavier right-handed neutrinos which can realize the AIT ansatz and accommodate a successful leptogenesis simultaneously. We first give the condition on the neutrino Yukawa couplings for realizing the AIT ansatz, discuss its realization by employing an Abelian flavor symmetry, and study its implications for the mixing of the lighter right-handed neutrino with three left-handed neutrinos. We then successively study the implications for leptogenesis of the interesting scenarios where $M^{}_{\rm D}$ is a triangular matrix (which has maximally-restricted texture zeros, in line with the simplicity principle) or respects the $μ$-$τ$ reflection symmetry (which is well motivated by the experimental results), on top of the AIT ansatz.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, version accepted for publication in EPJC
Empirical Models of Transitions between Coral Reef States: Effects of Region, Protection, and Environmental Change
Creators: name: Selig, Elizabeth R.
name: Spencer, Matthew
name: Bruno, John F.
name: Lowe, Phillip K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: There has been substantial recent change in coral reef communities. To date, most analyses have focussed on static patterns or changes in single variables such as coral cover. However, little is known about how community-level changes occur at large spatial scales. Here, we develop Markov models of annual changes in coral and macroalgal cover in the Caribbean and Great Barrier Reef (GBR) regions.
A new proof of Vantieghem's theorem
Creators: name: Konstantinos, Gaitanas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A07, 11A41

description: We present a new proof of a primality criterion first proved by Emmanuel Vantieghem.
description: 3 pages
UBS/Gallup Investor Optimism Index
Creators: name: UBS
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Feelings about investment targets (1); Feelings about investment goals (1); Ability to invest (1); Factors affecting investment (4); Rate of return on respondent's investments (2); Good time to invest in financial markets (1); value of the European Stock Market (1); Rate of return in stock market (2); Risk of investing in stock market (1); European Central Bank's interest rate policies (2); Most attractive currency (1); Effects of the Euro introduction on the economy (1); Total amount of savings and investments (3).
title: KI-Pflege für Orchideen
title: Dateneffiziente Analyse von Bilddaten komplexer biologischer Systeme mit Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Marx, Elora
name: Bachmann, Alois
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2024

description: In dieser Arbeit wurde eine App entwickelt, die den Gesundheitszustand von Orchideen mit Hilfe einer App beurteilt und Pflegetipps gibt. Grundlage hierfür ist eine KI, die sowohl mit einer geringen Anzahl an Trainings- als auch Eingabedaten auskommt. Grundlage für diese dateneffiziente Analyse ist der Zusammenschluss verschiedener neuronaler Netze.
description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 04/2024
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.
The Koorong Project: experimental archaeology and Wurundjeri continuation of cultural practice
Creators: name: Griffin, Darren
name: Freedman, Delta Lucille
name: McConachie, Fiona
name: Parmington, Alexander
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Nicholson, Bill (Jnr)

Archaeology Program, La Trobe University
USIA Poll # 1991-I91025: Eurobarometer 35
Creators: name: USIA
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Confidence in U.S. and Soviet Union problem solving skills (2); NATO (1); European security (1); reason for Gulf crisis (1); most important goals (1); discussions of political issues (1); trust in Americans and Russians (2); European citizenship (2); European community (6); unify Western Europe (1); future for Europe (5); Germany (2); support for Soviet Union (1); immigration (3); rights of European people (1); commission of the European communities (5); agriculture in European (2); media (3); political party (2); political ideology (1); trade unions (1).
Enhanced Th17-Cell Responses Render CCR2-Deficient Mice More Susceptible for Autoimmune Arthritis
Creators: name: Vallanat, Christopher T.
name: Esserman, Denise A.
name: Rampersad, Rishi R.
name: Clark, Jennifer
name: Weeks, Michael F.
name: Fong, Alan M.
name: Liu, Peng
name: Patel, Dhavalkumar D.
name: Quintero-Matthews, Tatiana
name: Tarrant, Teresa K.
name: Di Padova, Franco
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: CCR2 is considered a proinflammatory mediator in many inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, mice lacking CCR2 develop exacerbated collagen-induced arthritis. To explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated whether autoimmune-associated Th17 cells were involved in the pathogenesis of the severe phenotype of autoimmune arthritis. We found that Th17 cells were expanded approximately 3-fold in the draining lymph nodes of immunized CCR2−/− mice compared to WT controls (p = 0.017), whereas the number of Th1 cells and regulatory T cells are similar between these two groups of mice. Consistently, levels of the Th17 cell cytokine IL-17A and Th17 cell-associated cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1β were approximately 2–6-fold elevated in the serum and 22–28-fold increased in the arthritic joints in CCR2−/− mice compared to WT mice (p = 0.04, 0.0004, and 0.01 for IL-17, IL-6, and IL-1β, respectively, in the serum and p = 0.009, 0.02, and 0.02 in the joints). Furthermore, type II collagen-specific antibodies were significantly increased, which was accompanied by B cell and neutrophil expansion in CCR2−/− mice. Finally, treatment with an anti-IL-17A antibody modestly reduced the disease severity in CCR2−/− mice. Therefore, we conclude that while we detect markedly enhanced Th17-cell responses in collagen-induced arthritis in CCR2-deficient mice and IL-17A blockade does have an ameliorating effect, factors additional to Th17 cells and IL-17A also contribute to the severe autoimmune arthritis seen in CCR2 deficiency. CCR2 may have a protective role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Our data that monocytes were missing from the spleen while remained abundant in the bone marrow and joints of immunized CCR2−/− mice suggest that there is a potential link between CCR2-expressing monocytes and Th17 cells during autoimmunity.
Quadrupole Moments of Rapidly Rotating Compact Objects in Dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Theory
Creators: name: Kleihaus, Burkhard
name: Kunz, Jutta
name: Mojica, Sindy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider rapidly rotating black holes and neutron stars in dilatonic Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGBd) theory and determine their quadrupole moments, which receive a contribution from the dilaton. The quadrupole moment of EGBd black holes can be considerably larger than the Kerr value. For neutron stars, the universality property of the $\hat I$-$\hat Q$ relation between the scaled moment of inertia and the scaled quadrupole moment appears to extend to EGBd theory.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Gallup Poll # 936
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: President Gerald Ford job performance (1); president's contact with civilians (1); integration in public schools (1); another war in the Middle East (1); Sinai disengagement pact between Egypt and Israel (1); stationing American radar technicians in Sinai (1); employment status (1); preferred gender if born again (1); differences between each gender (3); role of women (1); women better off than five years ago (2); forms of discrimination against women (1); most satisfying life, personally (1); married women earning money (1); gender and occupation (1); prefer man/woman as boss (1); chances of women being executives (1).
New Monitoring Interface for the AMS Experiment
Creators: name: Hashmani, Raheem Karim
name: Konyushikhin, Maxim
name: Shan, Baosong
name: Cai, Xudong
name: Demirköz, Melahat Bilge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is constantly exposed to harsh condition on the ISS. As such, there is a need to constantly monitor and perform adjustments to ensure the AMS operates safely and efficiently. With the addition of the Upgraded Tracker Thermal Pump System, the legacy monitoring interface was no longer suitable for use. This paper describes the new AMS Monitoring Interface (AMI). The AMI is built with state-of-the-art time series database and analytics software. It uses a custom feeder program to process AMS Raw Data as time series data points, feeds them into InfluxDB databases, and uses Grafana as a visualization tool. It follows modern design principles, allowing client CPUs to handle the processing work, distributed creation of AMI dashboards, and up-to-date security protocols. In addition, it offers a more simple way of modifying the AMI and allows the use of APIs to automate backup and synchronization. The new AMI has been in use since January 2020 and was a crucial component in remote shift taking during the COVID-19 pandemic.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Episodic Therapy for Genital Herpes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Pooled Analysis from Three Randomized Controlled Trials
Creators: name: Lewis, David A.
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Weiss, Helen A.
name: Pepin, Jacques
name: Miller, William C.
name: Paz Bailey, Gabriela
name: Hoffman, Irving F.
name: Belec, Laurent
name: LeGoff, Jerome
name: Mayaud, Philippe
name: Gresenguet, Gerard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: A randomized controlled trial in South Africa found a beneficial effect of acyclovir on genital ulcer healing, but no effect was seen in trials in Ghana, Central African Republic and Malawi. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the variation in impact of acyclovir on ulcer healing in these trials can be explained by differences in the characteristics of the study populations.
Topological classification of dynamical phase transitions
Creators: name: Vajna, Szabolcs
name: Dóra, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical phase transitions (DPT) are characterized by nonanalytical time evolution of the dynamical free energy. For general 2-band systems in one and two dimensions (eg. SSH model, Kitaev-chain, Haldane model, p+ip superconductor, etc.), we show that the time evolution of the dynamical free energy is crucially affected by the ground state topology of both the initial and final Hamiltonians, implying DPTs when the topology is changed under the quench. Similarly to edge states in topological insulators, DPTs can be classified as being topologically protected or not. In 1D systems the number of topologically protected non-equilibrium time scales are determined by the difference between the initial and final winding numbers, while in 2D no such relation exists for the Chern numbers. The singularities of dynamical free energy in the 2D case are qualitatively different from those of the 1D case, the cusps appear only in the first time derivative.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Thermalization of isolated harmonic networks under conservative noise
Creators: name: Lepri, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a scalar harmonic network with pair interactions and a binary collision rule, exchanging the momenta of a randomly-chosen couple of sites. We consider the case of the isolated network where the total energy is conserved. In the first part, we recast the dynamics as a stochastic map in normal modes (or action-angle) coordinates and provide a geometric interpretation of it. We formulate the problem for generic networks but, for completeness, also reconsider the translation-invariant lattices. In the second part, we examine the kinetic limit and its range of validity. A general form of the linear collision operator in terms of eigenstates of the network is given. This defines an \textit{action network}, whose connectivity gives information on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics. We present a few examples (ordered and disordered chains and elastic networks) where the topology of connections in action spaces can be determined in a neat way. As an application, we consider the classic problem of relaxation to equipartition from the point of view of the dynamics of linear actions. We compare the results based on the spectrum of the collision operator with numerical simulation, performed with a novel scheme based on direct solution of the equation of motion in normal modes coordinates.
description: Published version
Improving Emergency Training for Earthquakes Through Immersive Virtual Environments and Anxiety Tests: A Case Study
Creators: name: Rajabi, Mohammad Sadra
name: Taghaddos, Hosein
name: Zahrai, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Because of the occurrence of severe and large magnitude earthquakes each year, earthquake-prone countries suffer considerable financial damage and loss of life. Teaching essential safety measures will lead to a generation that can perform basic procedures during an earthquake, which is an important and effective solution in preventing the loss of life in this natural disaster. In recent years, virtual reality technology is a tool that has been used to educate people on safety matters. This paper evaluates the effect of education and premonition on the incorrect decision-making of residents under the stressful conditions of an earthquake. For this purpose, a virtual model has been designed and built from a proposed classroom in a school of the city of Tehran. Accordingly, two educational scenarios, presented in reality and the virtual model respectively, were conducted on a statistical sample of 20 students within the range of 20 to 25 years of age. Within the mentioned sample, the first group of 10 students were taught safety measures in a traditional classroom. The second group of 10 students participated in a virtual classroom. Evaluation tests on safety measures against earthquakes were distributed after two weeks. Furthermore, two self-reporting tests of Depression, anxiety, stress test (DASS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were assigned to the second group to evaluate the effect of foresight under two different scenarios. The results show that educating through virtual reality technology yields a higher performance level relative to the traditional approach to education. Additionally, the ability to detect earthquakes ahead of time is an influential factor in controlling stress and determining the right decisions should the event occur.
Expansion of Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells during Murine Development
Creators: name: Garrison, Aaron P.
name: Helmrath, Michael A.
name: Van Landeghem, Laurianne
name: Sun, Xiaofei
name: Dehmer, Jeffrey J.
name: Speck, Karen E.
name: Henning, Susan J.
name: Dekaney, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Murine small intestinal crypt development is initiated during the first postnatal week. Soon after formation, overall increases in the number of crypts occurs through a bifurcating process called crypt fission, which is believed to be driven by developmental increases in the number of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Recent evidence suggests that a heterogeneous population of ISCs exists within the adult intestine. Actively cycling ISCs are labeled by Lgr5, Ascl2 and Olfm4; whereas slowly cycling or quiescent ISC are marked by Bmi1 and mTert. The goal of this study was to correlate the expression of these markers with indirect measures of ISC expansion during development, including quantification of crypt fission and side population (SP) sorting. Significant changes were observed in the percent of crypt fission and SP cells consistent with ISC expansion between postnatal day 14 and 21. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the various ISC marker mRNAs demonstrated divergent patterns of expression. mTert surged earliest, during the first week of life as crypts are initially being formed, whereas Lgr5 and Bmi1 peaked on day 14. Olfm4 and Ascl2 had variable expression patterns. To assess the number and location of Lgr5-expressing cells during this period, histologic sections from intestines of Lgr5-EGFP mice were subjected to quantitative analysis. There was attenuated Lgr5-EGFP expression at birth and through the first week of life. Once crypts were formed, the overall number and percent of Lgr5-EGFP positive cells per crypt remain stable throughout development and into adulthood. These data were supported by Lgr5 in situ hybridization in wild-type mice. We conclude that heterogeneous populations of ISCs are expanding as measured by SP sorting and mRNA expression at distinct developmental time points.
Molecular design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives as cytotoxic agents endowed with ABCB1 inhibitory action to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells
Creators: name: Abdelhafiz, Abeer H. A.
name: Serya, Rabah A. T.
name: Lasheen, Deena S.
name: Wang, Nessa
name: Sobeh, Mansour
name: Wink, Michael
name: Abouzid, Khaled A. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a leading cause for treatment failure in cancer patients. One of the reasons of MDR is drug efflux by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in eukaryotic cells especially ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein). In this study, certain novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives were designed utilising ligand based pharmacophore approach. The designed benzimidazoles were synthesised and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity towards doxorubicin-sensitive cell lines (CCRF/CEM and MCF7), as well as against doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells (CEM/ADR 5000 and Caco-2). In particular, compound VIII showed a substantial cytotoxic effect in all previously mentioned cell lines especially in doxorubicin-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (IC50 = 8.13 µM). Furthermore, the most promising derivatives VII, VIII and XI were tested for their ABCB1 inhibitory action in the doxorubicin-resistant CEM/ADR 5000 subline which is known for overexpression of ABCB1 transporters. The results showed that compound VII exhibited the best ABCB1 inhibitory activity at three tested concentrations (22.02 µM (IC50), 50 µM and 100 µM) in comparison to verapamil as a reference ABCB1 inhibitor. Such inhibition resulted in a synergistic effect and a massive decrease in the IC50 of doxorubicin (34.5 µM) when compound VII was used in a non-toxic dose in combination with doxorubicin in doxorubicin-resistant cells CEM/ADR 5000 (IC50(Dox+VII) = 3.81 µM). Molecular modelling studies were also carried out to explain the key interactions of the target benzimidazoles at the ABCB1 binding site. Overall the obtained results from this study suggest that 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles possibly are promising candidates for further optimisation and development of potential anticancer agents with ABCB1 inhibitory activity and therefore overcome MDR in cancer cells.
Reversible Tuning of Superconductivity in Ion-Gated NbN Ultrathin Films by Self-Encapsulation with a High-$κ$ Dielectric Layer
Creators: name: Piatti, Erik
name: Colangelo, Marco
name: Bartoli, Mattia
name: Medeiros, Owen
name: Gonnelli, Renato S.
name: Berggren, Karl K.
name: Daghero, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionic gating is a powerful technique for tuning the physical properties of a material via electric field-induced charge doping, but is prone to introduce extrinsic disorder and undesired electrochemical modifications in the gated material beyond pure electrostatics. Conversely, reversible, volatile and electrostatic modulation is pivotal in the reliable design and operation of novel device concepts enabled by the ultrahigh induced charge densities attainable via ionic gating. Here we demonstrate a simple and effective method to achieve reversible and volatile gating of surface-sensitive ultrathin niobium nitride films via controlled oxidation of their surface. The resulting niobium oxide encapsulation layer exhibits a capacitance comparable to that of non-encapsulated ionic transistors, withstands gate voltages beyond the electrochemical stability window of the gate electrolyte, and enables a fully-reversible tunability of both the normal-state resistivity and the superconducting transition temperature of the encapsulated films. Our approach should be transferable to other materials and device geometries where more standard encapsulation techniques are not readily applicable.
description: Main text: 11 pages, 6 figures; Supplementary: 8 pages, 6 figures
Flanking Bases Influence the Nature of DNA Distortion by Platinum 1,2-Intrastrand (GG) Cross-Links
Creators: name: Ramachandran, Srinivas
name: Chaney, Stephen G.
name: Campbell, Sharon L.
name: King, Candice L.
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Sharma, Shantanu
name: Pathmasiri, Wimal
name: Bhattacharyya, Debadeep
name: Baskerville-Abraham, Irene
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Boysen, Gunnar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The differences in efficacy and molecular mechanisms of platinum anti-cancer drugs cisplatin (CP) and oxaliplatin (OX) are thought to be partially due to the differences in the DNA conformations of the CP and OX adducts that form on adjacent guanines on DNA, which in turn influence the binding of damage-recognition proteins that control downstream effects of the adducts. Here we report a comprehensive comparison of the structural distortion of DNA caused by CP and OX adducts in the TGGT sequence context using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. When compared to our previous studies in other sequence contexts, these structural studies help us understand the effect of the sequence context on the conformation of Pt-GG DNA adducts. We find that both the sequence context and the type of Pt-GG DNA adduct (CP vs. OX) play an important role in the conformation and the conformational dynamics of Pt-DNA adducts, possibly explaining their influence on the ability of many damage-recognition proteins to bind to Pt-DNA adducts.
Fast Radio Bursts and White Hole Signals
Creators: name: Barrau, Aurélien
name: Rovelli, Carlo
name: Vidotto, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the size of a primordial black hole exploding today via a white hole transition, and the power in the resulting explosion, using a simple model. We point out that Fast Radio Bursts, strong signals with millisecond duration, probably extragalactic and having unknown source, have wavelength not far from the expected size of the exploding hole. We also discuss the possible higher energy components of the signal.
description: 5 pages
Iowa Poll # 217
Creators: name: Register, Des Moines
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Gambling (3); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) abuse (2); CIA reports (2); assassination plots (1); Saigon fall reaction (3); North Vietnam relations (1); Vietnamese refugees (3); defending South Korea (1); war powers act (1); Mayaguez ship (3); lack of energy policy (1); gas prices (1); car purchase (1); exhaust-mileage preference (1); producing better cars (1); economic future (2); wages matching inflation (1); tax rebate (1); malpractice suits (2); President Gerald Ford job performance (1); Congress approval (1); Vice President Nelson Rockefeller job performance (1); Secretary of State Henry Kissinger job performance (2); Middle East conflict (3); legislature satisfaction (1); legalizing pari-mutuel betting (1); firearm registration (5); Robert Ray job performance (4); presidential candidate preferences (12); spray-can gases (2); former President Richard Nixon activity (1); bicentennial celebrations (2); Des Moines visits (1); 1972 election (2).
Fluorescence-Tagged Transgenic Lines Reveal Genetic Defects in Pollen Growth—Application to the Eif3 Complex
Creators: name: Roy, Bijoyita
name: von Arnim, Albrecht G.
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundMutations in several subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) cause male transmission defects in Arabidopsis thaliana. To identify the stage of pollen development at which eIF3 becomes essential it is desirable to examine viable pollen and distinguish mutant from wild type. To accomplish this we have developed a broadly applicable method to track mutant alleles that are not already tagged by a visible marker gene through the male lineage of Arabidopsis.Methodology/Principal FindingsFluorescence tagged lines (FTLs) harbor a transgenic fluorescent protein gene (XFP) expressed by the pollen-specific LAT52 promoter at a defined chromosomal position. In the existing collection of FTLs there are enough XFP marker genes to track nearly every nuclear gene by virtue of its genetic linkage to a transgenic marker gene. Using FTLs in a quartet mutant, which yields mature pollen tetrads, we determined that the pollen transmission defect of the eif3h-1 allele is due to a combination of reduced pollen germination and reduced pollen tube elongation. We also detected reduced pollen germination for eif3e. However, neither eif3h nor eif3e, unlike other known gametophytic mutations, measurably disrupted the early stages of pollen maturation.Conclusion/SignificanceeIF3h and eIF3e both become essential during pollen germination, a stage of vigorous translation of newly transcribed mRNAs. These data delimit the end of the developmental window during which paternal rescue is still possible. Moreover, the FTL collection of mapped fluorescent protein transgenes represents an attractive resource for elucidating the pollen development phenotypes of any fine-mapped mutation in Arabidopsis.
An Improved Calibration of the Wavelength Dependence of Metallicity on the Cepheid Leavitt law
Creators: name: Breuval, Louise
name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Kervella, Pierre
name: Anderson, Richard I.
name: Romaniello, Martino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cepheid period-luminosity (PL) relation (or Leavitt law) has served as the first rung of the most widely used extragalactic distance ladder and is central to the determination of the local value of the Hubble constant ($H_0$). We investigate the influence of metallicity on Cepheid brightness, a term that significantly improves the overall fit of the distance ladder, to better define its wavelength dependence. To this aim, we compare the PL relations obtained for three Cepheid samples having distinct chemical composition (in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds) and focusing on the use of improved and recent data while covering a metallicity range of about 1 dex. We estimate the metallicity effect (hereafter $γ$) in 15 filters from mid-IR to optical wavelengths, including five Wesenheit indices, and we derive a significant metallicity term in all filters, in agreement with recent empirical studies and models, in the sense of metal-rich Cepheids being brighter than metal-poor ones. We describe the contribution of various systematic effects in the determination of the $γ$ term. We find no evidence of $γ$ changing over the wavelength range $0.5-4.5 \, \rm μm$, indicating that the main influence of metallicity on Cepheids is in their luminosity rather than color. Finally, we identify factors that sharpen the empirical constraints on the metallicity term over past studies, including corrections for the depth of the Magellanic Clouds, better-calibrated Cepheid photometry, improved Milky Way extinction estimates, and revised and expanded metallicity measurements in the LMC.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Properties of an almost localized Fermi liquid in applied magnetic field revisited: Statistically consistent Gutzwiller approach
Creators: name: Wysokinski, Marcin M.
name: Spalek, Jozef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the Hubbard model in an applied magnetic field and analyze the properties of neutral spin-1/2 fermions within the so-called statistically consistent Gutzwiller approximation (SGA). The magnetization curve reproduces in a semiquantitative manner the experimental data for liquid 3 He in the regime of moderate correlations and in the presence of small number of vacant cells, modeled by a non-half filled-band situation, when a small number of vacancies (up to 5%) is introduced in the virtual fcc lattice. We also present the results for the magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat, in which a metamagnetic-like behavior is also singled out in a non-half-filled band case.
First Nations Regional and National Representation: Aligning Local Decision Making in NSW with Closing the Gap and the proposed Indigenous Voice
Creators: name: Dreise, Tony
name: Markham, Francis
name: Lovell, Melissa
name: Fogarty, William
name: Wighton, Alice
Publisher: name: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: Recent shifts in national policies have resulted in questions about how established regional forms of representation, such as those involved in NSW’s Local Decision Making initiative, will be aligned with new policy priorities and processes. This paper seeks to clarify the terrain of competing and complementary representative institutions in NSW, in the context of the emergence of new national structures of Indigenous representation. In particular, the paper focuses on the NSW Coalition of Aboriginal Regional Alliances, and its relationships with the bodies representing Indigenous peaks at the national and state levels, and the Local and Regional Voices proposed in the Interim Report on Indigenous Voice. We argue that regional structures of Indigenous representation have an enduring value. We unpack the notion of ‘representation,’ arguing for recognition of the differences between representative bodies on the basis of who is being represented, around what, and by whom. We suggest that there is scope for the existence of complementary bodies, working with different structures towards largely shared goals and priorities. We conclude that the co-existence of representative organisations that differ in terms of their constituents and scope requires the clear delineation of how these institutions sit side-by-side, and a clear demarcation of their decision-making powers and authority, and their roles and responsibilities.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕРАПИИ БОЛЬНЫХ ПСОРИАЗОМ НА ОСНОВАНИИ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ - КРИТЕРИИ НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ
Creators: name: Хан-Ходжаева, Сохиба
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Псориаз является хроническим воспалительным заболеванием кожи, для лечения которого биологические препараты предлагают значительные преимущества. Однако, из-за высокой стоимости и риска побочных эффектов, использование таких препаратов должно быть обосновано. Биохимические маркеры, такие как уровни специфических цитокинов, играют ключевую роль в определении необходимости применения биологической терапии. Точные критерии помогут улучшить клиническую эффективность и минимизировать расходы на лечение.
Inverse design in nuclear quantum optics: From artificial x-ray multi-level schemes to spectral observables
Creators: name: Diekmann, Oliver
name: Lentrodt, Dominik
name: Evers, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ensembles of Mössbauer nuclei embedded in thin-film cavities form a promising platform for x-ray quantum optics. A key feature is that the joint nuclei-cavity system can be considered as an artificial x-ray multi-level scheme in the low-excitation regime. Using the cavity environment, the structure and parameters of such level schemes can be tailored beyond those offered by the bare nuclei. However, so far, the direct determination of a cavity structure providing a desired quantum optical functionality has remained an open challenge. Here, we address this challenge using an inverse design methodology. As a first qualitative result, we show that the established fitting approach based on scattering observables in general is not unique, since the analysis may lead to different multi-level systems for the same cavity if based on observables in different scattering channels. Motivated by this, we distinguish between scattering signatures and the microscopic level scheme as separate design objectives, with the latter being uniquely determined by an \textit{ab initio} approach. We find that both design objectives are of practical relevance and that they complement each other regarding potential applications. We demonstrate the inverse design for both objectives using example tasks, such as realising electromagnetically induced transparency. Our results pave the way for new applications in nuclear quantum optics involving more complex x-ray cavity designs.
description: 27 pages, 18 figures
Dynamic versus static fission paths with realistic interactions
Creators: name: Giuliani, Samuel A.
name: Robledo, Luis M.
name: Rodriguez-Guzman, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of dynamic (least action) fission paths are analyzed and compared to the ones of the more traditional static (least energy) paths. Both the BCPM and Gogny D1M energy density functionals are used in the calculation of the HFB constrained configurations providing the potential energy and collective inertias. The action is computed as in the WKB method. A full variational search of the least-action path over the complete variational space of HFB wave functions is cumbersome and probably unnecessary if the relevant degrees of freedom are identified. In this paper, we consider the particle number fluctuation degree of freedom that explores the amount of pairing correlations in the wave function. For a given shape, the minimum action can be up a factor of three smaller than the action computed for the minimum energy state with the same shape. The impact of this reduction on the lifetimes is enormous and dramatically improves the agreement with experimental data in the few examples considered.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: January 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Health reform law (2); health care law (4); important issues to vote for President in November (2); health care issues affecting presidential election (1); requirement to have health insurance (3); cost of health insurance (4); financial assistance to purchase health insurance (1); choice of doctors covered by health insurance plan (3); source of health insurance (5).