cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biotechnology's Potential Contribution to Global Wood Supply and Forest Conservation
Creators: name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biotechnology
subject: breeding
subject: forestry
subject: tree plantations
subject: timber
subject: fiber
subject: genes
subject: GMOs
subject: industrial wood
subject: economics
subject: benefits
subject: costs

description: Over the past 30 years, industrial plantation forests have become a major supplier of industrial wood. There are several reasons for this, including the improved economics of planted forests due to biotechnological innovations, the increases in natural forest wood costs due to increasing inaccessibility, and rising wood costs from natural forests due to new environmental restrictions related to logging. Forestry today is on the threshold of the widespread introduction of biotechnology into its operational practices. In many cases, the biotechnology likely to be introduced is simply an extension of that being utilized in agriculture, such as herbicide-tolerant genes. However, biotechnology in forestry also is developing applications unique to forestry, including genes for fiber modification, lignin reduction and extraction, and for the promotion of straight stems and reduced branching.
The dynamical vertex approximation for many-electron systems with spontaneously broken SU(2)-symmetry
Creators: name: Del Re, Lorenzo
name: Toschi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the formalism of the dynamical vertex approximation (D$Γ$A) -- a diagrammatic extension of the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT)-- to treat magnetically ordered phases. To this aim, we start by concisely illustrating the many-electron formalism for performing ladder resummations of Feynman diagrams in systems with broken SU(2)-symmetry, associated to ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AF) order. We then analyze the algorithmic simplifications introduced by taking the local approximation of the two-particle irreducible vertex functions in the Bethe-Salpeter equations, which defines the ladder implementation of D$Γ$A for magnetic systems. The relation of this assumption with the DMFT limit of large coordination-number/ high-dimensions is explicitly discussed. As a last step, we derive the expression for the ladder D$Γ$A self-energy in the FM- and AF-ordered phases of the Hubbard model. The physics emerging in the AF-ordered case is explicitly illustrated by means of approximated calculations based on a static mean-field input for the D$Γ$A equations. The results obtained capture fundamental aspects of both metallic and insulating ground states of two-dimensional antiferromagnets, providing a reliable compass for future, more extensive applications of our approach. Possible routes to further develop diagrammatic-based treatments of magnetic phases in correlated electron systems are briefly outlined in the conclusions.
Neutralino Dark Matter from Heavy Gravitino Decay
Creators: name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Yamaguchi, Masahiro
name: Yokoyama, Jun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new scenario of non-thermal production of neutralino cold dark matter, in which the overproduction problem of lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs) in the standard thermal history is naturally solved. The mechanism requires a heavy modulus field which decays mainly to ordinary particles releasing large entropy to dilute gravitinos produced just after inflation and thermal relics of LSPs. Significant amount of gravitinos are also pair-produced at the decay, which subsequently decay into the neutralinos. We identify the regions of the parameter space in which the requisite abundance of the neutralino dark matter is obtained without spoiling the big-bang nucleosynthesis by injection of hadronic showers from gravitino decay. The neutralino abundance obtained in this mechanism is insensitive to the details of the superparticle mass spectrum, unlike the standard thermal abundance. We also briefly mention the testability of the scenario in future experiments.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Rebating Environmental Policy Revenues: Output-Based Allocations and Tradable Performance Standards
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Fischer, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emission tax
subject: permit allocation
subject: earmarking
subject: tradable performance standards

description: Political pressure often exists to earmark environmental tax revenues or permit rents to the industry affected by the regulation. This paper analyzes schemes that rebate revenues based on output shares: tradable performance standards, an emissions tax with market-share rebates, and tradable permits with output-based allocation. All three policies effectively combine a tax on emissions with a subsidy to output. The result is a shifting of emissions control efforts toward greater emissions rate reduction and less output contraction, with higher marginal costs of control and lower output prices compared to the social optimum, given any targeted level of abatement. These welfare costs depend on the degree of output substitutability and are likely to be much larger in the long run. While some political and market-failure justifications may exist, policy makers should carefully consider industry characteristics before engaging in output-based rebating.
Immobilisation of SRB on different support materials
Creators: name: Basu, Onita
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The attachment and growth of sulphate reducing bacteria to solid supports, under autotrophic conditions, made from different materials was studied in this project. The study of the immobilisation of SRB to different support surfaces was conducted in two parts. In the first study, glass beads, ceramic beads, molecular sieve, Teflon/plastic pieces, and zeolite supports were used. The purpose of this study was to determine i f the selected analytical techniques were appropriate methods to monitor the biomass and sulphate concentrations present in the batch flasks. Both the turbidimetric and methylthymol blue methods of sulphate analysis are considered valid techniques to monitor sulphate concentrations. TKN is considered an appropriate method for enumerating SRB biomass, whereas measurements using the total solids and protein led to erroneous results. In the second study, foam, basalt, Ringlace and alginate beads were used as immobilisation surfaces. The amount of biomass immobilised on the different materials was monitored and compared to the total biomass in the system in an effort to quantify which support would be suitable for an immobilised bioreactor system. In order of decreasing immobilisation, compared to freely suspended biomass, is alginate beads (84%) > foam (79%) > Ringlace (37%), while the biomass on the basalt was below the detection limit of the TKN analysis. A study of SRB growth in the complex and defined media showed that SRB were able to grow in both nutrient mediums. However, the specific activity of the SRB in the complex media was greater than that in the defined media, 0.097 and 0.015/h, respectively. The CO₂ uptake was first initiated in the defined media solution at a rate of 1.81xl⁻⁰⁵ mol C0₂/(L.h) , while the uptake of CO₂ in the complex media was initiated after approximately 150 hours at a rate of 0.38xl0⁻⁰⁵ mol CO₂ /(L.h).
Discrete spectrum of quantum tubes
Creators: name: Lin, Christopher
name: Lu, Zhiqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This short paper is based on the talk of the second author given at the 2005 Hayama Symposium on Complex Analysis in Several Variables. The recent results of the authors on the spectrum of quantum tubes are summarized.
GROWTH MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND PROGRAMS TARGETING SPECIFIC OUTCOMES WITH NON-MARGINAL INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
Creators: name: Norris, Patricia E.
name: Norris, Patricia E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Communities across the country are struggling to accommodate population growth and economic development while limiting negative impacts of associated land development patterns.. At federal, state and local levels, policies and programs are being implemented in an attempt to mitigate the negative impacts of growth. Many of these programs are united under the concept of Smart Growth. There are numerous resources available that explain and describe applications of tens, if not hundreds, of smart growth tools (for example: see ICMA, 2003). The purpose of this paper is to highlight a few growth management programs that have incorporated tools characterized by fairly significant institutional changes. Of particular interest are the economic incentives and disincentives created by the institutional change. First, sprawl and growth management are defined. Next, the role of federal policy in growth patterns is reviewed briefly. Third, specific examples of growth management policy tools are provided. Finally, several policy issues critical to the achievement of growth management are discussed. Because this paper was initially presented as a general resource for public policy educators, the background material references include an internet site where available.
Effects of demographic and weather parameters on COVID-19 basic reproduction number
Creators: name: Salom, Igor
name: Rodic, Andjela
name: Milicevic, Ognjen
name: Zigic, Dusan
name: Djordjevic, Magdalena
name: Djordjevic, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Timely prediction of the COVID-19 progression is not possible without a comprehensive understanding of environmental factors that may affect the infection transmissibility. Studies addressing parameters that may influence COVID-19 progression relied on either the total numbers of detected cases and similar proxies and/or a small number of analyzed factors, including analysis of regions that display a narrow range of these parameters. We here apply a novel approach, exploiting widespread growth regimes in COVID-19 detected case counts. By applying nonlinear dynamics methods to the exponential regime, we extract basic reproductive number R0 (i.e., the measure of COVID-19 inherent biological transmissibility), applying to the completely naive population in the absence of social distancing, for 118 different countries. We then use bioinformatics methods to systematically collect data on a large number of demographics and weather parameters from these countries, and seek their correlations with the rate of COVID-19 spread. In addition to some of the already reported tendencies, we show a number of both novel results and those that help settle existing disputes: the absence of dependence on wind speed and air pressure, negative correlation with precipitation; significant positive correlation with society development level (human development index) irrespective of testing policies, and percent of the urban population, but an absence of correlation with population density per se. We find a strong positive correlation of transmissibility on alcohol consumption, and the absence of correlation on refugee numbers, contrary to some widespread beliefs. Significant tendencies with health-related factors are reported, including a detailed analysis of the blood type group showing consistent tendencies on Rh factor, and a strong positive correlation of transmissibility with cholesterol levels.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables
Visualization of the strain-induced topological phase transition in a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor TaSe3
Creators: name: Lin, Chun
name: Ochi, Masayuki
name: Noguchi, Ryo
name: Kuroda, Kenta
name: Sakoda, Masahito
name: Nomura, Atsushi
name: Tsubota, Masakatsu
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Bareille, Cedric
name: Kurokawa, Kifu
name: Arai, Yosuke
name: Kawaguchi, Kaishu
name: Tanaka, Hiroaki
name: Yaji, Koichiro
name: Harasawa, Ayumi
name: Hashimoto, Makoto
name: Lu, Donghui
name: Shin, Shik
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Tanda, Satoshi
name: Kondo, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Control of the phase transition from topological to normal insulators can allow for an on/off switching of spin current. While topological phase transitions have been realized by elemental substitution in semiconducting alloys, such an approach requires the preparation of materials with various compositions, thus it is quite far from a feasible device application, which demands a reversible operation. Here we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and spin-resolved ARPES to visualize the strain-driven band structure evolution of the quasi-1D superconductor TaSe3. We demonstrate that it undergoes reversible strain-induced topological phase transitions from a strong topological insulator phase with spin-polarized, quasi-1D topological surface states, to topologically trivial semimetal and band insulating phases. The quasi-1D superconductor TaSe3 provides a suitable platform for engineering the topological spintronics, for example as an on/off switch for spin current robust against impurity scattering.
Dynamic disorder in receptor-ligand forced dissociation experiments
Creators: name: Liu, Fei
name: Ou-Yang, Zhong-can
name: Iwamoto, Mitsumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently experiments showed that some biological noncovalent bonds increase their lifetimes when they are stretched by an external force, and their lifetimes will decrease when the force increases further. Several specific quantitative models have been proposed to explain the intriguing transitions from the "catch-bond" to the "slip-bond". Different from the previous efforts, in this work we propose that the dynamic disorder of the force-dependent dissociation rate can account for the counterintuitive behaviors of the bonds. A Gaussian stochastic rate model is used to quantitatively describe the transitions observed recently in the single bond P-selctin glycoprotein ligand 1(PSGL-1)$-$P-selectin force rupture experiment [Marshall, {\it et al.}, (2003) Nature {\bf 423}, 190-193]. Our model agrees well to the experimental data. We conclude that the catch bonds could arise from the stronger positive correlation between the height of the intrinsic energy barrier and the distance from the bound state to the barrier; classical pathway scenario or {\it a priori} catch bond assumption is not essential.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR CASH GRAIN FARMS
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by cash grain farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension., or were accounting clients of AgriSolutions in Michigan, or of Salisbury Management Services in Michigan. This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on cash grain farms during 1998; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3) to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR SWINE FARMS
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by swine farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension. This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on swine farms during 1997; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
RECONCILING FOOD-FOR-WORK OBJECTIVES: RESOURCE CONSERVATION VS. FOOD AID TARGETING IN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Gebremedhin, Berhanu
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Gebremedhin, Berhanu
name: Swinton, Scott M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Food-for-work (FFW) projects face the challenge of addressing three kinds of objectives: to feed hungry people, to build public works where needed, and to be feasible for prompt project implementation. In the debate over how to target FFW to the poorest of the poor, the last two program objectives are often overlooked. This research examines FFW afforestation and erosion-control programs in central Tigray, Ethiopia, during 1992-95 in order to examine how these sometimes conflicting objectives were reconciled. The study decomposes the factors determining a household's FFW participation into three decision stages. First, at the regional level, project planners choose where to locate a FFW resource conservation project. Second, at the village level, a committee decides which villagers will be eligible to participate. Finally, the eligible households may decide whether and how much to participate. Using probit and truncated regression methods, the study finds that project implementation feasibility most influenced the probability that FFW projects would be available in the 25 villages surveyed. Among the 129 households in villages with FFW available, FFW eligibility was inversely related to household land area per capita and household size, results which are consistent with anti-poverty targeting. However, the model performed poorly at predicting non-eligibility for FFW, which suggests that anti-poverty targeting was not efficient. Among households eligible for FFW, those with greater resources (larger families that did not lease out land) tended to participate and supply more days of FFW labor than poorer households. The only households eligible for FFW which did not participate were unable (rather than unwilling) to do so, being comprised mostly of elderly women. Overall, anti-poverty targeting was sub-optimal but reasonable, given the feasibility constraint that these resource conservation projects to be sited in where labor and materials could be made available.
Temperature Effects on Threshold Counterion Concentration to Induce Aggregation of fd Virus
Creators: name: Wen, Qi
name: Tang, Jay X
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We seek to determine the mechanism of like-charge attraction by measuring the temperature dependence of critical divalent counterion concentration ($\rm{C_{c}}$) for the aggregation of fd viruses. We find that an increase in temperature causes $\rm{C_c}$ to decrease, primarily due to a decrease in the dielectric constant ($ε$) of the solvent. At a constant $ε$, $\rm{C_c}$ is found to increase as the temperature increases. The effects of $T$ and $ε$ on $\rm {C_{c}}$ can be combined to that of one parameter: Bjerrum length ($l_{B}$). $\rm{C_{c}}$ decreases exponentially as $l_{B}$ increases, suggesting that entropic effect of counterions plays an important role at the onset of bundle formation.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Almost non-negative scalar curvature on Riemannian manifolds conformal to tori
Creators: name: Allen, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we reduce the geometric stability conjecture for the scalar torus rigidity theorem to the conformal case via the Yamabe problem. Then we are able to prove the case where a sequence of Riemannian manifolds is conformal to a uniformly controlled sequence of flat tori and satisfies the geometric stability conjecture. We are also able to handle the case where a sequence of Riemannian manifolds is conformal to a sequence of constant negative scalar curvature Riemannian manifolds which converge to a flat torus in $C^1$. The full conjecture from the conformal perspective is also discussed as a possible approach to resolving the conjecture.
description: 22 pages, comments welcome. v2: Adjustments made to the introduction and background. To appear in the Journal of Geometric Analysis
2004 Michigan Dairy Grazing Farm Business Analysis Summary
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 10 dairy grazing farms from across Michigan. These 10 farms indicated that they grazed dairy cows at least three months of the year and that grazing provided more than 30 percent of the forage consumed during the year. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Nonlinear transport in Weyl semimetals induced by Berry curvature dipole
Creators: name: Zeng, Chuanchang
name: Nandy, Snehasish
name: Tewari, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological Weyl semimetals (WSMs) have been predicted to be excellent candidates for detecting Berry curvature dipole (BCD) and the related non-linear effects in electronics and optics due to the large Berry curvature concentrated around the Weyl nodes. And yet, linearized models of isolated tilted Weyl cones only realize a diagonal non-zero BCD tensor which sum to zero in the model of WSM with multiple Weyl nodes in the presence of mirror symmetry. On the other hand, recent \textit{ab initio} work has found that realistic WSMs like TaAs-type or MoTe$_2$-type compounds, which have mirror symmetry, indeed show an off-diagonal BCD tensor with an enhanced magnitude for its non-zero components. So far, there is a lack of theoretical work addressing this contradiction for 3D WSMs. In this paper, we systematically study the BCD in 3D WSMs using lattice Weyl Hamiltonians, which go beyond the linearized models. We find that the non-zero BCD and its related important features for these WSMs do not rely on the contribution from the Weyl nodes. Instead, they are dependent on the part of the Fermi surface that lies \textit{between} the Weyl nodes, in the region of the reciprocal space where neighboring Weyl cones overlap. For large enough chemical potential such Fermi surfaces are present in the lattice Weyl Hamiltonians as well as in the realistic WSMs. We also show that, a lattice Weyl Hamitonian with a non-zero chiral chemical potential for the Weyl cones can also support dips or peaks in the off-diagonal components of the BCD tensor near the Weyl nodes themselves, consistent with recent \textit{ab initio} work.
description: Published version
Supernova Detection via a Network of Neutral Current Spherical TPC's
Creators: name: Vergados, J. D.
name: Giomataris, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coherent contribution of all neutrons in neutrino nucleus scattering due to the neutral current offers a realistic prospect of detecting supernova neutrinos. For a typical supernova at 10 kpc, about 1000 events are expected using a spherical gaseous detector of radius 4 m and employing Xe gas at a pressure of 10 Atm. We propose a world wide network of several such simple, stable and low cost supernova detectors with a running time of a few centuries.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at the International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG05)- New Horizon of Nuclear Astrophysics and Cosmology November 8-11, 2005, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL CROPS FARMS
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Edwards, Desiree
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Edwards, Desiree
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by general crops farmers, who were enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension. Farm records were included if a Finan summary was completed on 1999 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. This report has three purposes: 1) to provide statistical information about the financial results on general crops farms during 1999; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3) to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
PYG4OMETRY: a Python library for the creation of Monte Carlo radiation transport physical geometries
Creators: name: Boogert, Stewart
name: Abramov, Andrey
name: Nevay, Laurence
name: Shields, William
name: Walker, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Creating and maintaining computer readable geometries for use in Monte Carlo Radiation Transport (MCRT) simulations is an error-prone and time-consuming task. Simulating a system often requires geometry from different sources and modelling environments, including a range of MCRT codes and computer-aided design (CAD) tools. PYG4OMETRY is a Python library that enables users to rapidly create, manipulate, display, read and write Geometry Description Markup Language (GDML)-based geometry used in simulations. PYG4OMETRY provides importation of CAD files to GDML tessellated solids, conversion of GDML geometry to FLUKA and conversely from FLUKA to GDML. The implementation of PYG4OMETRY is explained in detail along with small examples. The paper concludes with a complete example using most of the PYG4OMETRY features and a discussion of extensions and future work.
Cavity approach for real variables on diluted graphs and application to synchronization in small-world lattices
Creators: name: Skantzos, Nikos S
name: Castillo, Isaac Pérez
name: Hatchett, Jonathan P L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study XY spin systems on small world lattices for a variety of graph structures, e.g. Poisson and scale-free, superimposed upon a one dimensional chain. In order to solve this model we extend the cavity method in the one pure-state approximation to deal with real-valued dynamical variables. We find that small-world architectures significantly enlarge the region in parameter space where synchronization occurs. We contrast the results of population dynamics performed on a truncated set of cavity fields with Monte Carlo simulations and find excellent agreement. Further, we investigate the appearance of replica symmetry breaking in the spin-glass phase by numerically analyzing the proliferation of pure states in the message passing equations.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Potential Demand for Apple Hard Cider in Michigan
Creators: name: Mainville, Denise Y.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Mainville, Denise Y.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper reports the results of market place and consumer research for hard apple cider. The objectives of the research were to determine potential demand for and constraints to the supply of hard apple cider in Michigan. The research was undertaken using on-site and focus group interviews of managers of microbrews, brew-pubs, restaurants and retailers. The research revealed much enthusiasm over HC market potential among purveyors interviewed, particularly among microbrewers, brew-pubs, and specialty retailers. Respondents estimated the potential value of Michigan hard cider market to be relatively small but significant-from 1-5% of purveyors' alcohol sales, and as high as 20% in some cases. Potential hard cider consumers are diverse and include 1) traditional microbrew connoisseurs, 2) young, adventurous drinkers who are driving the "malternative" trend, and 3) the "significant others" and other companions of microbrew connoisseurs who seek an alternative to the heavier beers served in microbrews. While microbrew connoisseurs are likely to gravitate toward a more traditional, drier cider, "malternative" drinkers and the "significant others" are likely to prefer a sweeter product. Compared to other respondents, microbrews showed particular enthusiasm for producing and marketing hard cider. While microbrews and brewpubs would market the product on tap, restaurants and retailers will more likely market a bottled product. The primary impediment to consumer acceptance of the product is a lack of familiarity, and numerous promotional efforts that could overcome these constraints were suggested. Demand for hard cider is likely to be somewhat seasonal, however there are numerous hard cider themes and products that might serve to mitigate this seasonality. While strong enthusiasm for the marketability of a Michigan-brewed product was expressed by respondents, an organic or "all-natural" product was not felt to have potential due to both demand and supply constraints. The primary constraints to supply of hard cider in general are the cost and availability of ingredients, as well as regulatory and taxation issues.
FOOD SAFETY AND FRESH STRAWBERRY MARKETS
Creators: name: Woods, Mollie
name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Weldon, Richard N.
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
name: Woods, Mollie
name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Weldon, Richard N.
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Consumer awareness of food safety issues is reshaping the retail food supply chain. For some retailers, public standards for food safety fail to provide the level of assurance demanded by their customers, so many are turning to private standards. Fresh strawberries have been implicated in food safety outbreaks resulting in clear decreases in short term demand. Shifts in production and consumption caused by the increased costs of adopting public or private food safety standards may reshape the fresh strawberry industry in the NAFTA region. Three scenarios of the adoption of food safety practices are analyzed using comparative statics and the outcomes of each scenario are discussed.
Performance of Kentucky (Natural Sandstone) Rock Asphalt
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Williams, Ellis G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Since about 1948, the performance of natural rock asphalt, used extensively in Kentucky and Indiana, has been plagued by a unique type of scaling in the wheel tracks of each traffic lane. This scaling has been typically an eighth to a quarter of an inch thick and has left the pavements rough and unsightly. In some cases, this phenomen has occurred several times in the same place and has caused much deeper rutting. The general condition is illustrated in a series of photographs attached hereto.
High pT gamma-hadron and pi0-hadron correlations in sqrt(sNN)=200GeV Au+Au collisions in PHENIX
Creators: name: Jin, Jiamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This poster presents the PHENIX results on high-p_T gamma-hadron and pi0-hadron correlations and shows the modification of away side jet shape by the medium. By comparing their jet shapes and yields, we see some evidence of the direct gamma contribution to correlation functions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, poster proceeding for quark matter 2005
Routed quantum circuits
Creators: name: Vanrietvelde, Augustin
name: Kristjánsson, Hlér
name: Barrett, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the quantum-theoretical structures studied in several recent lines of research cannot be adequately described within the standard framework of quantum circuits. This is in particular the case whenever the combination of subsystems is described by a nontrivial blend of direct sums and tensor products of Hilbert spaces. We therefore propose an extension to the framework of quantum circuits, given by \textit{routed linear maps} and \textit{routed quantum circuits}. We prove that this new framework allows for a consistent and intuitive diagrammatic representation in terms of circuit diagrams, applicable to both pure and mixed quantum theory, and exemplify its use in several situations, including the superposition of quantum channels and the causal decompositions of unitaries. We show that our framework encompasses the `extended circuit diagrams' of Lorenz and Barrett [arXiv:2001.07774 (2020)], which we derive as a special case, endowing them with a sound semantics.
description: 21 pages + appendix. Comments welcome
Bänziger, Andreas / Berger, Roman / Buhrer, Jean-Claude, Lateinamerika
Creators: name: Müller, Reinhart
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 23 Nr. 2 (1974): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 23, Heft 2
Observations of Stabilized Turf Shoulders
Creators: name: Williams, Ellis G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The improvement of highway shoulders, from the standpoint of appearance and practical value, has been and is at present of considerable interest to all highway departments. A great deal of effort has been expended in the past to develop grass combinations which not only will prevent natural erosion of the surface materials but also impart a pleasing appearance to shoulders and slopes. Attempts to include factors of practical value, such as safe support of traffic loads, have greatly magnified the problem. Numerous types of paved shoulders have been introduced which are quite satisfactory with respect to load bearing but are expensive to construct and often do not equal in appearance the more attractive turf shoulders.  Stabilized turf shoulders have been adopted by several state and federal agencies in an attempt to combine aesthetic qualities with those of a practical nature. These shoulders are made principally of granular material but contain sufficient soil to support vegetation, and generally they are covered with a thin layer of topsoil to provide a seed bed. Limited data available indicate that these efforts have been rather successful.  The first study of stabilized turf shoulders in Kentucky was initiated during the 1954 construction season when the Division of Design designated an experimental section to be used for this purpose. This site was located on a 6 mile reconstruction project on U.S. 31-W and U.S. 68 from Bowling Green, to the intersection of the two routes at a point approximately 7 miles northward, Project No. I 16 (2) and 113 (5), see Fig. 1. The Division of Research was requested to observe and report on construction procedures and the effectiveness of turf shoulders constructed in this area.  The roadway located in this section consists of two traffic lanes in each direction, separated by a depressed median strip 2.0 feet wide. The median strip was constructed in the conventional manner and only the outside shoulders were stabilized. Three different means of stabilization were used, including hardstands at selected intervals with conventional earth shoulders in between.
2002 MICHIGAN DAIRY GRAZING FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Creators: name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 9 dairy farms that practiced grazing across Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2002 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows. The 2002 Business Summary farms were sorted by the Rate of Return to Assets (ROA), which is a measure of profitability adjusted for value of assets.
description: Revised version posted 6/15/04
[Southern Pomo and Wappo field notebook]
Creators: name: Allen, Elsie
name: Oswalt Family
name: Oswalt, Robert L.
name: Somersal, Laura
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: peq
subject: Southern Pomo language
subject: wao
subject: Wappo language

description: Elicited sentences in Southern Pomo, place names in Wappo and Southern Pomo, Wappo texts.
Characteristics of strong ferromagnetic Josephson junctions with epitaxial barriers
Creators: name: Bell, C.
name: Loloee, R.
name: Burnell, G.
name: Blamire, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the measurement of superconductor / ferromagnetic Josephson junctions, based on an epitaxial Nb bottom electrode and epitaxial Fe20Ni80 barrier. Uniform junctions have been fabricated with a barrier thicknesses in the range 2-12 nm. The maximum critical current density ~ 2.4 \pm 0.2 * 10^9 Am^-2 was found for a devices with a 3 nm thick barrier at 4.2 K, corresponding to an average characteristic voltage I_C R_N ~ 16 \muV. The I_C R_N showed a non-monotonic behavior with Fe20Ni80 thickness. The variation of the resistance of a unit area AR_N, of the junctions with barrier thickness gave a Nb/Py specific interface resistance of 6.0 \pm 0.5 fΩm^2 and Fe20Ni80 resistivity of 174 \pm 50 nΩm, consistent with other studies in polycrystalline samples.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Observations of the Manufacture and Placement of Prefabricated Bridge Sections and Precast Concrete Riprap
Creators: name: Sawyer, Dave H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The design and equipment necessary in precast concrete operations has progressed in recent years to such an extent that the resulting products are now being used satisfactorily in many types of construction. This report covers two precast concrete products which the Department of Highways authorized in contracts let in 1954 and 1955. These items however, are not the first precast concrete products to be used by the Department. Two concrete bridges are known to have been precast and placed in Scott and Graves County sometime ago. Precast concrete cribbing has also been used for quite some time.
Bilinear expansions of lattices of KP $τ$-functions in BKP $τ$-functions: a fermionic approach
Creators: name: Harnad, J.
name: Orlov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 05E10, 05E15

description: We derive a bilinear expansion expressing elements of a lattice of KP $τ$-functions, labelled by partitions, as a sum over products of pairs of elements of an associated lattice of BKP $τ$-functions, labelled by strict partitions. This generalizes earlier results relating determinants and Pfaffians of minors of skew symmetric matrices, with applications to Schur functions and Schur $Q$-functions. It is deduced using the representations of KP and BKP $τ$-functions as vacuum expectation values (VEV's) of products of fermionic operators of charged and neutral type, respectively. The lattice is generated by insertion of products of pairs of charged creation and annihilation operators. The result follows from expanding the product as a sum of monomials in the neutral fermionic generators and applying a factorization theorem for VEV's of products of operators in the mutually commuting subalgebras. Applications include the case of inhomogeneous polynomial $τ$-functions of KP and BKP type.
description: 22 pages. References updated. Notation for Q_\alpha rendered more consistent. Typo in eq. (4.18) corrected
The Vancouver landfill : final closure strategy
Creators: name: Foisy, Janine Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The body of work presented in this Thesis document provides a comprehensive examination of final cover design for municipal solid waste landfills. Accompanying general design principals is the investigation and resulting recommendations for issues specific to the closure of the Vancouver Landfill. The first objective of the Thesis was to develop a set of physical characteristics for soil materials, which would allow for the construction of a lowpermeability barrier layer meeting British Columbia guidelines. The second objective was to then use the developed soil criteria to evaluate the suitability of Lower Mainland soils. The physical characteristic of soil material, originating from trench excavations in Vancouver, was closely examined and the material evaluated for use in all layers of final cover design. The last objective of the Thesis was to investigate the use of alternative cover materials, including geosynthetics, in final cover design. The combination of a comprehensive literature review and the implementation of a program of soil sample collection and analysis allowed for the completion of the above objectives. Testing of soil samples included the determination of the grain size distribution to the clay fraction level. The major findings of the work are that soil sources in the City of Vancouver are not suitable for use in the construction of a low-permeability barrier layer. Suitable soil sources however, can be found in areas of Surrey and Langley. Trench excavation soil is recommended for use in the foundation layer of the final cover. Lastly, geosynthetic materials are a viable alternative to the use of soil in final cover design. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) geomembrane would be the most suitable geosynthetic based barrier layer for the requirements of the Vancouver Landfill.
LOCAL PUBLIC SERVICES IN WISCONSIN: ALTERNATIVES FOR MUNICIPALITIES WITH A FOCUS ON PRIVATIZATION
Creators: name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Hinds, David G.
name: Hinman, Donald L.
name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Hinds, David G.
name: Hinman, Donald L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Both rural and urban municipal officials, faced with increased local resistance to higher taxes, increasing expenditure needs, weakening financial support from higher levels of government, and the growing pressure to "do more with less" have accelerated their search for alternative ways of delivering local public services. The downsizing of government has been brought to the forefront of public discussion in part due to the general conservative shift at the federal and state level and the need to maintain a balanced budget at the local level. Related private sector trends downsizing middle management as a means to become "leaner and meaner," reducing duplication and waste, and increasing earnings, profit levels, and returns to nvestors. At the same time many local public officials are faced with rising costs to maintain an aging infrastructure, accommodating the needs of special populations, satisfying rules and regulations imposed by higher levels of government, funding new investments to meet the demands of a growing economy in some instances, or maintaining critical services in the face declining economies. In short, the rules of the game for effective management of local governments have changed.
ON THE DECLINE OF AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REINTERPRETATION OF THE EVIDENCE
Creators: name: Punyasavatsut, Chaiyuth
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Punyasavatsut, Chaiyuth
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Conventional explanations for the relative decline of agriculture in developing countries stress secular, demand-side phenomena, specifically Engel effects. This view has been challenged by quantitative analyses emphasizing supply-side effects such as differences in factor endowment growth rates. The innovation in this paper is to investigate the extent to which agricultural decline is in fact generated by policies rather than by fundamental preference or endowment shifts. Econometric results using Thai data indicate that policies are strongly influential, but that the direction and strength of influence varies over time. We explore implications for the interpretation of past development strategies and future policy formation.
Piersaloceras Teichert 1930
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Graciloceratidae
Piersaloceras

description: Genus Piersaloceras Teichert, 1930
Type species
Piersaloceras gageli Teichert, 1930, from Piirsalu, Estonia; Moe Formation, Pirgu Regional Stage, late Katian; by original designation.
Diagnosis
Exogastric, gradually enlarging cyrtocones with nearly circular conch cross section and low angle of expansion; ornamented with low longitudinal ribs and distinct transverse frills; siphuncle nearly subcentrally positioned, cylindrical siphuncle. (Adopted from Teichert 1930.)
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on page 76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376