cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Adapting Social Neuroscience Measures for Schizophrenia Clinical Trials, Part 2: Trolling the Depths of Psychometric Properties
Creators: name: Ochsner, Kevin N.
name: Horan, William P.
name: Marder, Stephen R.
name: Kern, Robert S.
name: Green, Michael F.
name: Reise, Steven P.
name: Penn, David L.
name: Lee, Junghee
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The psychometric properties of 4 paradigms adapted from the social neuroscience literature were evaluated to determine their suitability for use in clinical trials of schizophrenia. This 2-site study (University of California, Los Angeles and University of North Carolina) included 173 clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients and 88 healthy controls. The social cognition battery was administered twice to the schizophrenia group (baseline, 4-week retest) and once to the control group. The 4 paradigms included 2 that assess perception of nonverbal social and action cues (basic biological motion and emotion in biological motion) and 2 that involve higher level inferences about self and others’ mental states (self-referential memory and empathic accuracy). Each paradigm was evaluated on (1) patient vs healthy control group differences, (2) test-retest reliability, (3) utility as a repeated measure, and (4) tolerability. Of the 4 paradigms, empathic accuracy demonstrated the strongest characteristics, including large between-group differences, adequate test-retest reliability (.72), negligible practice effects, and good tolerability ratings. The other paradigms showed weaker psychometric characteristics in their current forms. These findings highlight challenges in adapting social neuroscience paradigms for use in clinical trials.
Comparison of Cross-Entropy, Dice, and Focal Loss for Sea Ice Type Segmentation
Creators: name: de Lima, Rafael Pires
name: Vahedi, Behzad
name: Karimzadeh, Morteza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Up-to-date sea ice charts are crucial for safer navigation in ice-infested waters. Recently, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models show the potential to accelerate the generation of ice maps for large regions. However, results from CNN models still need to undergo scrutiny as higher metrics performance not always translate to adequate outputs. Sea ice type classes are imbalanced, requiring special treatment during training. We evaluate how three different loss functions, some developed for imbalanced class problems, affect the performance of CNN models trained to predict the dominant ice type in Sentinel-1 images. Despite the fact that Dice and Focal loss produce higher metrics, results from cross-entropy seem generally more physically consistent.
Probing Dark Matter Self-Interaction in the Sun with IceCube-PINGU
Creators: name: Chen, Chian-Shu
name: Lee, Fei-Fan
name: Lin, Guey-Lin
name: Lin, Yen-Hsun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the capture, annihilation and evaporation of dark matter (DM) inside the Sun. It has been shown that the DM self-interaction can increase the DM number inside the Sun. We demonstrate that this enhancement becomes more significant in the regime of small DM mass, given a fixed DM self-interaction cross section. This leads to the enhancement of neutrino flux from DM annihilation. On the other hand, for DM mass as low as a few GeVs, not only the DM-nuclei scatterings can cause the DM evaporation, DM self-interaction also provides non-negligible contributions to this effect. Consequently, the critical mass for DM evaporation (typically 3 $\sim$ 4 GeV without the DM self-interaction) can be slightly increased. We discuss the prospect of detecting DM self-interaction in IceCube-PINGU using the annihilation channels $χχ\rightarrow τ^{+}τ^{-}, ν\barν$ as examples. The PINGU sensitivities to DM self-interaction cross section $σ_{χχ}$ are estimated for track and cascade events.
description: 20 pages, 24 Figures; matches the published version
Eclipta prostrata
Creators: name: Falcinelli, Francesco
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Donnini, Domizia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Eclipta
Eclipta prostrata

description: Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
(Asteraceae)
Specie esotica casuale nuova per l’Umbria.
 Spello (Perugia), Castellaccio, nei pressi della Sorg. te Solforosa, tra le colture del Vivaio “Il Castellaccio” UmbraFlor s.r.l. Azienda Vivaistica Regionale (UTM WGS84: 33T 306.4765), infestante tra le colture, suolo calcareo, 190 m, 30 Sep 2009, F. Falcinelli (PERU); ibidem, 23 Oct 2015, F. Falcinelli (APP).
 In Italia considerata casuale in Lombardia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Marche, Lazio, Puglia e Sicilia, naturalizzata in Toscana, Campania, Basilicata e Sardegna (Conti et al., 2005; Bernardo & Puntillo, 2006; Peruzzi et al., 2008; Celesti Grapow et al., 2009a; Masin et al., 2009; Pellizzari & Piccoli, 2012; Galasso, 2013a; Bernardo & Caldararo, 2014; Manni, 2015).
description: Published as part of Falcinelli, Francesco, Conti, Fabio & Donnini, Domizia, 2016, Secondo contributo alla flora vascolare dell'Umbria (Italia centrale), pp. 21-26 in Natural History Sciences 3 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2016.273, http://zenodo.org/record/12753769
Archo Femur EvoDevo_supplementary_ProcBrev_20220726.docx from The dinosaurian femoral head experienced a morphogenetic shift from torsion to growth along the avian stem
Creators: name: Egawa, Shiro
name: Griffin, Christopher T.
name: Bishop, Peter J.
name: Pintore, Romain
name: Tsai, Henry P.
name: Botelho, João F.
name: Smith-Paredes, Daniel
name: Kuratani, Shigeru
name: Norell, Mark A.
name: Nesbitt, Sterling J.
name: Hutchinson, John R.
name: Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Significant evolutionary shifts in locomotor behaviour often involve comparatively subtle anatomical transitions. For dinosaurian and avian evolution, medial overhang of the proximal femur has been central to discussions. However, there is an apparent conflict with regard to the evolutionary origin of the dinosaurian femoral head, with neontological and palaeontological data suggesting seemingly incongruent hypotheses. To reconcile this, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of morphogenesis of the proximal end of the femur from early archosaurs to crown birds. Embryological comparison of living archosaurs (crocodylians and birds) suggests the acquisition of the greater overhang of the femoral head in dinosaurs results from additional growth of the proximal end in the medial-ward direction. On the other hand, the fossil record suggests that this overhang was acquired by torsion of the proximal end, which projected in a more rostral direction ancestrally. We reconcile this apparent conflict by inferring that the medial overhang of the dinosaur femoral head was initially acquired by torsion, which was then superseded by mediad growth. Details of anatomical shifts in fossil forms support this hypothesis, and their biomechanical implications are congruent with the general consensus regarding broader morpho-functional evolution on the avian stem.
Method for High Accuracy Multiplicity Correlation Measurements
Creators: name: Gulbrandsen, K.
name: Soegaard, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiplicity correlation measurements provide insight into the dynamics of high energy collisions. Models describing these collisions need these correlation measurements to tune the strengths of the underlying QCD processes which influence all observables. Detectors, however, often possess limited coverage or reduced efficiency that influence correlation measurements in obscure ways. In this paper, the effects of non-uniform detection acceptance and efficiency on the measurement of multiplicity correlations between two distinct detector regions (termed forward-backward correlations) are derived. An analysis method with such effects built-in is developed and subsequently verified using different event generators. The resulting method accounts for acceptance and efficiency in a model independent manner with high accuracy thereby shedding light on the relative contributions of the underlying processes to particle production.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures. Updated for having pseudorapidity dependent efficiency gradients
Adapting Social Neuroscience Measures for Schizophrenia Clinical Trials, Part 3: Fathoming External Validity
Creators: name: Marder, S. R.
name: Ochsner, K. N.
name: Horan, W. P.
name: Penn, D. L.
name: Olbert, C. M.
name: Reise, S. P.
name: Kern, R. S.
name: Green, M. F.
name: Lee, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: It is unknown whether measures adapted from social neuroscience linked to specific neural systems will demonstrate relationships to external variables. Four paradigms adapted from social neuroscience were administered to 173 clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia to determine their relationships to functionally meaningful variables and to investigate their incremental validity beyond standard measures of social and nonsocial cognition. The 4 paradigms included 2 that assess perception of nonverbal social and action cues (basic biological motion and emotion in biological motion) and 2 that involve higher level inferences about self and others’ mental states (self- referential memory and empathic accuracy). Overall, social neuroscience paradigms showed significant relationships to functional capacity but weak relationships to community functioning; the paradigms also showed weak correlations to clinical symptoms. Evidence for incremental validity beyond standard measures of social and nonsocial cognition was mixed with additional predictive power shown for functional capacity but not community functioning. Of the newly adapted paradigms, the empathic accuracy task had the broadest external validity. These results underscore the difficulty of translating developments from neuroscience into clinically useful tasks with functional significance.
An Intact Social Cognitive Process in Schizophrenia: Situational Context Effects on Perception of Facial Affect
Creators: name: Lee, Junghee
name: Green, Michael F.
name: Harvey, Philippe-Olivier
name: Kee, Kimmy S.
name: Ochsner, Kevin
name: Horan, William P.
name: Penn, David L.
name: Kern, Robert S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Impaired facial affect recognition is the most consistent social cognitive finding in schizophrenia. Although social situations provide powerful constraints on our perception, little is known about how situational context modulates facial affect recognition in schizophrenia.
Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm.
Creators: name: Falcinelli, Francesco
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Donnini, Domizia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Cactaceae
Opuntia
Opuntia lindheimeri

description: Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm.
 (O. engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. subsp. lindheimeri (Engelm.) U.Guzmán & Mandujano) (Cactaceae)
Specie esotica casuale nuova per l’Umbria.
 Spello (Perugia), vicinanze di Capitan Loreto, lungo la SS 75 (UTM WGS84: 33 T 308.4765), scarpata, suolo calcareo, 220 m, 9 Iun 2012, F. Falcinelli (APP).
 In Italia nota per Piemonte, Veneto e Liguria (Guiggi et al., 2007; Celesti Grapow et al., 2009a; Guiggi, 2012).
description: Published as part of Falcinelli, Francesco, Conti, Fabio & Donnini, Domizia, 2016, Secondo contributo alla flora vascolare dell'Umbria (Italia centrale), pp. 21-26 in Natural History Sciences 3 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2016.273, http://zenodo.org/record/12753769
Christliche Theologie und imperialer Lebensstil
Relevanz der Thematik im Hinblick auf die berufliche Bildung
Creators: name: Franzke, Johanna Lea
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Religionspädagogik
subject: Globalisierung
subject: Kapitalismus
subject: Befreiungstheologie
subject: globale Ethik
subject: 200
subject: 370
subject: Religionspädagogik
subject: Globalisierung
subject: Kapitalismus
subject: Theologie der Befreiung
subject: Ethik

description: Ausgezeichnet mit dem Ulrich-von-Weizsäcker-Preis 2021 des ZLB
title: Book review : Higginbotham, P. (2017). Children's Homes: A History of Institutional Care for Britain's Young, Barnsley: Pen & Sword. 256pp. ISBN: 9781526701350
Creators: name: Quail, Ben
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2017

description: The history of children in care in the United Kingdom is long and fractured. Peter Higginbotham's work Children's Homes: A History of Institutional Care for Britain's Young is an attempt to look at the history of children's establishments and the providers of children's services in the United Kingdom. He reflects on how these institutions functioned and progressed amidst the changing attitudes of the populace and the considerations put forward over how best to accommodate the wants and needs of children in care over the course of several centuries.
Economic Transition in Libya and its Impact on the Banking Sector
Creators: name: Salim, Khalid
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 380299
subject: Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Economic transition is a highly controversial issue. It represents a radical shift in the arrangement of economic institutions and a redistribution of resources across society. Moreover, the country of study, Libya, is unique. Geographically, it is situated in Africa, but socially and culturally it belongs to the Arab world. Moreover, Libya is the only Afro–Arab country to have accepted a version of socialism in its economic policy, in 1969. More recently, since 2004, Libya has changed to a more open, market-based economy. Libya is not the only country to have changed from socialism to a market economy. Other countries have made this transition in recent times, although Libya is a unique case for a number of reasons. This research will examine the transition processes of these other countries, to facilitate an in-depth examination of the processes that occurred in Libya and their implications. The Libyan banking sector plays a critical role in the economic development of the country. The economic shift from socialism to a market economy affected this sector. This study will thus examine the reasoning behind, and methods used for, Libya’s adoption of socialism and, in turn, its change back to a market economy. It will also explore the positive and negative impacts these changes have had on the Libyan banking sector, especially since 2004. A questionnaire survey method was employed to collect the primary data. The questionnaire was conducted with banking employees who had banking experience. The questionnaires sought to examine the participants’ opinions about the impact of economic transition on the banking sector. A follow-up discussion was then held with the same sample, to support the validity of the data gathered from the questionnaires. A published data method was used to collect secondary data also, to support the research discussion. It was found that, before 2004, the Libyan government applied strong restrictions on the financial sectors through several laws and regulations. However, after 2004, economic transition brought positive impacts on the financial sector, such as a shift to the private sector. Overall, the study demonstrated that the economic transition towards a market economy has had significant positive effects on the Libyan banking sector, including increased liberalisation, international trade and privatisation in the banking sector. More specifically, many banking activities have been positively affected by the economic transition, including deposits, lending, foreign trade, service performance, corporate governance and competition.
Deciphering the Atmospheric Composition of WASP-12b: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Dayside Emission
Creators: name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Harrington, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WASP-12b was the first planet reported to have a carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) greater than one in its dayside atmosphere. However, recent work to further characterize its atmosphere and confirm its composition has led to incompatible measurements and divergent conclusions. Additionally, the recent discovery of stellar binary companions ~1" from WASP-12 further complicates the analyses and subsequent interpretations. We present a uniform analysis of all available Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescope secondary-eclipse data, including previously-unpublished Spitzer measurements at 3.6 and 4.5 microns. The primary controversy in the literature has centered on the value and interpretation of the eclipse depth at 4.5 microns. Our new measurements and analyses confirm the shallow eclipse depth in this channel, as first reported by Campo and collaborators and used by Madhusudhan and collaborators to infer a carbon-rich composition. To explain WASP-12b's observed dayside emission spectrum, we implemented several recent retrieval approaches. We find that when we exclude absorption due to C2H2 and HCN, which are not universally considered in the literature, our models require implausibly large atmospheric CO2 abundances, regardless of the C/O. By including C2H2 and HCN in our models, we find that a physically-plausible carbon-rich solution achieves the best fit to the available photometric and spectroscopic data. In comparison, the best-fit oxygen-rich models have abundances that are inconsistent with the chemical equilibrium expectations for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres and are 670 times less probable. Our best-fit solution is also 7.3*10^{6} times more probable than an isothermal blackbody model.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Higgs and Nambu-Goldstone modes in condensed matter physics
Creators: name: Tsuji, Naoto
name: Danshita, Ippei
name: Tsuchiya, Shunji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective dynamics of many particle systems is tightly linked to their underlying symmetry and phase transitions. Higgs and Nambu-Goldstone modes are, respectively, collective amplitude and phase modes of the order parameter that are widely observed in various physical systems at different energy scales, ranging from magnets, superfluids, superconductors to our universe. The Higgs mode is a massive excitation, which is a condensed-matter analog of Higgs particle in high-energy physics, while the Nambu-Goldstone mode is a massless excitation that appears when a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken. They provide important information on the fundamental aspects of many particle systems, such as symmetry, phases, dynamics, response to external fields, and so on. In this article, we review the physics of Higgs and Nambu-Goldstone modes in condensed matter physics. Especially, we focus on the development on the study of collective modes in superconductors and cold-atom systems.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Testing the Witten-Veneziano mechanism with the Yang-Mills gradient flow on the lattice
Creators: name: Cè, Marco
name: Consonni, Cristian
name: Engel, Georg P.
name: Giusti, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a precise computation of the topological charge distribution in the $SU(3)$ Yang-Mills theory. It is carried out on the lattice with high statistics Monte Carlo simulations by employing the clover discretization of the field strength tensor combined with the Yang-Mills gradient flow. The flow equations are integrated numerically by a fourth-order structure-preserving Runge-Kutta method. We have performed simulations at four lattice spacings and several lattice sizes to remove with confidence the systematic errors in the second (topological susceptibility $χ_t^\text{YM}$) and the fourth cumulant of the distribution. In the continuum we obtain the preliminary results $t_0^2χ_t^\text{YM}=6.53(8)\times 10^{-4}$ and the ratio between the fourth and the second cumulant $R=0.233(45)$. Our results disfavour the $θ$-behaviour of the vacuum energy predicted by dilute instanton models, while they are compatible with the expectation from the large-$N_c$ expansion.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, talk presented at the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - Lattice 2014, June 23-28, 2014, Columbia University New York, NY
Deficits in Domains of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Evidence
Creators: name: Armstrong, Casey C.
name: Twamley, Elizabeth W.
name: Savla, Gauri N.
name: Penn, David L.
name: Vella, Lea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Objective: Social cognition is strongly associated with functional outcome in schizophrenia, making it an important target for treatment. Our goal was to examine the average magnitude of differences between schizophrenia patients (SCs) and normal comparison (NCs) patients across multiple domains of social cognition recognized by the recent NIMH consensus statement: theory of mind (ToM), social perception, social knowledge, attributional bias, emotion perception, and emotion processing. Method: We conducted a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies of social cognition in schizophrenia, published between 1980 and November, 2011. Results: 112 studies reporting results from 3908 SCs and 3570 NCs met our inclusion criteria. SCs performed worse than NCs across all domains, with large effects for social perception (g = 1.04), ToM (g = 0.96), emotion perception (g = 0.89), and emotion processing (g = 0.88). Regression analyses showed that statistically significant heterogeneity in effects within domains was not explained by age, education, or gender. Greater deficits in social and emotion perception were associated with inpatient status, and greater deficits in emotion processing were associated with longer illness duration. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of existing studies, including lack of standardization or psychometric validation of measures, the evidence for deficits across multiple social cognitive domains in schizophrenia is clear. Future research should examine the role of neurobiological and psychosocial factors in models linking various aspects of deficit in schizophrenia, including social cognition, in order to identify targets for intervention.
Going From Social Neuroscience to Schizophrenia Clinical Trials
Creators: name: Penn, David L.
name: Green, Michael F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The goals of the project Social Cognition and Functioning in Schizophrenia (SCAF) were to (1) identify the domains to target from social neuroscience for translation to clinical schizophrenia research, (2) identify the paradigms that represent these domains for which the neural substrates are well documented, (3) adapt these paradigms for use in schizophrenia clinical trials, (4) assess the psychometric properties of these measures, and (5) assess the external validity of these measures. The articles in this theme section present the initial findings from the SCAF project. As more training and psychopharmacological studies evaluate interventions for social cognition, the articles in this theme section are intended to serve as a guide for informed design decisions about possible endpoints in clinical trials.
Archo Femur EvoDevo_supplementary_ProcBrev_20220726.docx from The morphogenetic process for the dinosaurian femoral head shape shifted in evolution
Creators: name: Egawa, Shiro
name: Griffin, Christopher T.
name: Bishop, Peter J.
name: Pintore, Romain
name: Tsai, Henry P.
name: Botelho, João F.
name: Smith-Paredes, Daniel
name: Kuratani, Shigeru
name: Norell, Mark A.
name: Nesbitt, Sterling J.
name: Hutchinson, John R.
name: Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Significant evolutionary shifts in locomotor behaviour often involve comparatively subtle anatomical transitions. In particular for dinosaurian locomotor apparatus, considerable medial overhang of the proximal end of the femur has been central to discussions for their locomotion. However, there is an apparent conflict with regard to the evolutionary origin of the dinosaurian femoral head, with neontological and palaeontological data suggesting seemingly incongruent hypotheses. To reconcile this, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of morphogenesis of the proximal end of the femur from early archosaurs to crown birds. Embryological comparison of living archosaurs (crocodylians and birds) suggests the acquisition of the greater overhang of the femoral head in dinosaurs results from additional growth of the proximal end in the medial-ward direction. On the other hand, the fossil comparison suggests this overhang was acquired by torsion of the proximal end, which projected to more rostral direction in ancestors. We reconcile this apparent conflict by inferring that the medial overhang of the dinosaur femoral head was initially acquired by torsion, which was then superseded by mediad growth. Details of anatomical shifts in fossil forms support this hypothesis, and their biomechanical implications are congruent with the general consensus regarding broader morpho-functional evolution on the avian stem.
Velocity anti-correlation of diametrically opposed galaxy satellites in the low redshift universe
Creators: name: Ibata, Neil G.
name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has shown that both the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxies possess the unexpected property that their dwarf satellite galaxies are aligned in thin and kinematically coherent planar structures. It is now important to evaluate the incidence of such planar structures in the larger galactic population, since the Local Group may not be a sufficiently representative environment. Here we report that the measurement of the velocity of pairs of diametrically opposed galaxy satellites provides a means to determine statistically the prevalence of kinematically coherent planar alignments. In the local universe (redshift $z<0.05$), we find that such satellite pairs out to a galactocentric distance of $150$ kpc are preferentially anti-correlated in their velocities (99.994% confidence level), and that the distribution of galaxies in the larger scale environment (beyond 150 kpc and up to $\approx 2$ Mpc) is strongly elongated along the axis joining the inner satellite pair ($>7σ$ confidence). Our finding may indicate that co-rotating planes of satellites, similar to that seen around the Andromeda galaxy, are ubiquitous in nature, while their coherent motion also suggests that they are a significant repository of angular momentum on $\sim 100$ kpc scales.
description: Nature in press
Reduced Levels of Vasopressin and Reduced Behavioral Modulation of Oxytocin in Psychotic Disorders
Creators: name: Drogos, Lauren L.
name: Bishop, Jeffrey R.
name: Hill, S. Kristian
name: Pournajafi-Nazarloo, Hossein
name: Ruocco, Anthony C.
name: Pearlson, Godfrey D.
name: Keshavan, Matcheri S.
name: Sweeney, John A.
name: Gershon, Elliot S.
name: Reilly, James L.
name: Tamminga, Carol A.
name: Rubin, Leah H.
name: Keedy, Sarah K.
name: Carter, C. Sue
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) exert robust influence on social affiliation and specific cognitive processes in healthy individuals. Abnormalities in these neuroendocrine systems have been observed in psychotic disorders, but their relation to impairments in behavioral domains that these endocrines modulate is not well understood. We compared abnormalities of OT and AVP serum concentrations in probands with schizophrenia (n = 57), schizoaffective disorder (n = 34), and psychotic bipolar disorder (n = 75); their first-degree relatives without a history of psychosis (n = 61, 43, 91, respectively); and healthy controls (n = 66) and examined their association with emotion processing and cognition. AVP levels were lower in schizophrenia (P = .002) and bipolar probands (P = .03) and in relatives of schizophrenia probands (P = .002) compared with controls. OT levels did not differ between groups. Familiality estimates were robust for OT (h 2 = 0.79, P = 3.97e−15) and AVP (h 2 = 0.78, P = 3.93e−11). Higher levels of OT were associated with better emotion recognition (β = 0.40, P < .001) and general neuropsychological function (β = 0.26, P = .04) in healthy controls as expected but not in any proband or relative group. In schizophrenia, higher OT levels were related to greater positive symptom severity. The dissociation of OT levels and behavioral function in all proband and relative groups suggests that risk and illness factors associated with psychotic disorders are not related to reduced OT levels but to a disruption in the ability of physiological levels of OT to modulate social cognition and neuropsychological function. Decreased AVP levels may be a marker of biological vulnerability in schizophrenia because alterations were seen in probands and relatives, and familiality was high.
Deja Vu: Contextual Sparsity for Efficient LLMs at Inference Time
Creators: name: Liu, Zichang
name: Wang, Jue
name: Dao, Tri
name: Zhou, Tianyi
name: Yuan, Binhang
name: Song, Zhao
name: Shrivastava, Anshumali
name: Zhang, Ce
name: Tian, Yuandong
name: Re, Christopher
name: Chen, Beidi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) with hundreds of billions of parameters have sparked a new wave of exciting AI applications. However, they are computationally expensive at inference time. Sparsity is a natural approach to reduce this cost, but existing methods either require costly retraining, have to forgo LLM's in-context learning ability, or do not yield wall-clock time speedup on modern hardware. We hypothesize that contextual sparsity, which are small, input-dependent sets of attention heads and MLP parameters that yield approximately the same output as the dense model for a given input, can address these issues. We show that contextual sparsity exists, that it can be accurately predicted, and that we can exploit it to speed up LLM inference in wall-clock time without compromising LLM's quality or in-context learning ability. Based on these insights, we propose DejaVu, a system that uses a low-cost algorithm to predict contextual sparsity on the fly given inputs to each layer, along with an asynchronous and hardware-aware implementation that speeds up LLM inference. We validate that DejaVu can reduce the inference latency of OPT-175B by over 2X compared to the state-of-the-art FasterTransformer, and over 6X compared to the widely used Hugging Face implementation, without compromising model quality. The code is available at https://github.com/FMInference/DejaVu.
Monmouth University Poll: January 2016 Iowa Presidential Caucuses
Creators: name: Monmouth University Polling Institute
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Registered to vote (1); voter likelihood (1); Republican/Democratic presidential caucus (2); switch party registration to vote in caucus (2); Republican presidential caucus choice (4); favorability of Republican presidential candidates (4); would be enthusiastic if candidates was Republican nominee (4); contacted by Republican/Democratic campaign to caucus (4); attending caucus with others (4); Iowa Governor Terry Branstad and Ted Cruz ethanol positions and political support (2); Democratic presidential caucus choice (4); favorability of Democratic presidential candidates (3); would be enthusiastic if candidates was Democraticnominee (2); importance of Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as first woman president in support for Democratic presidential caucus choice (1); next president more/less/same liberal as President Barack Obama (1); Tea Party (1).
title: Fibrous Scaffolds for Muscle Tissue Engineering Based on Touch‐Spun Poly(Ester‐Urethane) Elastomer
Creators: name: Uribe Gómez, Juan Manuel
name: Schönfeld, Dennis
name: Posada Murcia, Andrés
name: Roland, Michel-Manuel
name: Caspari, Anja
name: Synytska, Alla
name: Salehi, Sahar
name: Pretsch, Thorsten
name: Ionov, Leonid
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: biofabrication
subject: microfibers
subject: poly(ester-urethane)
subject: skeletal muscles
subject: touchspinning
subject: 500
subject: 540
subject: 570

description: Development of fiber-spinning technologies and materials with proper mechanical properties is highly important for the manufacturing of aligned fibrous scaffolds mimicking structure of the muscle tissues. Here, the authors report touch spinning of a thermoplastic poly(1,4-butylene adipate)-based polyurethane elastomer, obtained via solvent-free polymerization. This polymer possesses a combination of important advantages such as 1) low elastic modulus in the range of a few MPa, 2) good recovery ratio and 3) resilience, 4) processability, 5) nontoxicity, 6) biocompatibility, and 7) biodegradability that makes it suitable for fabrication of structures mimicking extracellular matrix of muscle tissue. Touch spinning allows fast and precise deposition of highly aligned micro- and nano-fibers without use of high voltage. C2C12 myoblasts readily align along soft polymer fibers and demonstrate high viability as well as proliferation that make proposed combination of polymer and fabrication method highly suitable for engineering skeletal muscles.
Specific Glial Functions Contribute to Schizophrenia Susceptibility
Creators: name: Smit, A. B.
name: Sklar, P.
name: Posthuma, D.
name: Hultman, C. M.
name: de Leeuw, C.
name: Goudriaan, A.
name: Verheijen, M. H. G.
name: Ripke, S.
name: Sullivan, P. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Schizophrenia is a highly polygenic brain disorder. The main hypothesis for disease etiology in schizophrenia primarily focuses on the role of dysfunctional synaptic transmission. Previous studies have therefore directed their investigations toward the role of neuronal dysfunction. However, recent studies have shown that apart from neurons, glial cells also play a major role in synaptic transmission. Therefore, we investigated the potential causal involvement of the 3 principle glial cell lineages in risk to schizophrenia. We performed a functional gene set analysis to test for the combined effects of genetic variants in glial type–specific genes for association with schizophrenia. We used genome-wide association data from the largest schizophrenia sample to date, including 13 689 cases and 18 226 healthy controls. Our results show that astrocyte and oligodendrocyte gene sets, but not microglia gene sets, are associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. The astrocyte and oligodendrocyte findings are related to astrocyte signaling at the synapse, myelin membrane integrity, glial development, and epigenetic control. Together, these results show that genetic alterations underlying specific glial cell type functions increase susceptibility to schizophrenia and provide evidence that the neuronal hypothesis of schizophrenia should be extended to include the role of glia.
The Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation Study: Results of the Expert Survey and RAND Panel
Creators: name: Healey, Kristin
name: Pinkham, Amy E.
name: Green, Michael F.
name: Buck, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Philip D.
name: Penn, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: In schizophrenia, social cognition is strongly linked to functional outcome and is increasingly seen as a viable treatment target. The goal of the Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study is to identify and improve the best existing measures of social cognition so they can be suitably applied in large-scale treatment studies. Initial phases of this project sought to (1) develop consensus on critical domains of social cognition and (2) identify the best existing measures of social cognition for use in treatment studies. Methods: Experts in social cognition were invited to nominate key domains of social cognition and the best measures of those domains. Nominations for measures were reduced according to set criteria, and all available psychometric information about these measures was summarized and provided to RAND panelists. Panelists rated the quality of each measure on multiple criteria, and diverging ratings were discussed at the in-person meeting to obtain consensus. Results: Expert surveys identified 4 core domains of social cognition—emotion processing, social perception, theory of mind/mental state attribution, and attributional style/bias. Using RAND panel consensus ratings, the following measures were selected for further evaluation: Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire, Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Task, Penn Emotion Recognition Test, Relationships Across Domains, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, The Awareness of Social Inferences Test, Hinting Task, and Trustworthiness Task. Discussion: While it was possible to establish consensus, only a limited amount of psychometric information is currently available for the candidate measures, which underscores the need for well-validated and standardized measures in this area.
Specificity of Incident Diagnostic Outcomes in Patients at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Creators: name: Walker, Elaine F.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Webb, Jadon R.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Tarbox, Sarah I.
name: Heinssen, Robert K.
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Bearden, Carrie E.
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Addington, Jean
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: It is not well established whether the incident outcomes of the clinical high-risk (CHR) syndrome for psychosis are diagnostically specific for psychosis or whether CHR patients also are at elevated risk for a variety of nonpsychotic disorders. We collected 2 samples (NAPLS-1, PREDICT) that contained CHR patients and a control group who responded to CHR recruitment efforts but did not meet CHR criteria on interview (help-seeking comparison patients [HSC]). Incident diagnostic outcomes were defined as the occurrence of a SIPS-defined psychosis or a structured interview diagnosis from 1 of 3 nonpsychotic Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) groups (anxiety, bipolar, or nonbipolar mood disorder), when no diagnosis in that group was present at baseline. Logistic regression revealed that the CHR vs HSC effect did not vary significantly across study for any emergent diagnostic outcome; data from the 2 studies were therefore combined. CHR (n = 271) vs HSC (n = 171) emergent outcomes were: psychosis 19.6% vs 1.8%, bipolar disorders 1.1% vs 1.2%, nonbipolar mood disorders 4.4% vs 5.3%, and anxiety disorders 5.2% vs 5.3%. The main effect of CHR vs HSC was statistically significant (OR = 13.8, 95% CI 4.2–45.0, df = 1, P < .001) for emergent psychosis but not for any emergent nonpsychotic disorder. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings. Within the CHR group emergent psychosis was significantly more likely than each nonpsychotic DSM-IV emergent disorder, and within the HSC group emergent psychosis was significantly less likely than most emergent nonpsychotic disorders. The CHR syndrome is specific as a marker for research on predictors and mechanisms of developing psychosis.
Towards a Psychosis Risk Blood Diagnostic for Persons Experiencing High-Risk Symptoms: Preliminary Results From the NAPLS Project
Creators: name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Bearden, Carrie E.
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: Heinssen, Robert
name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
name: Mathalon, Daniel H.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Jeffries, Clark D.
name: Walker, Elaine F.
name: Addington, Jean
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: A barrier to preventative treatments for psychosis is the absence of accurate identification of persons at highest risk. A blood test that could substantially increase diagnostic accuracy would enhance development of psychosis prevention interventions. Methods: The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study project is a multisite endeavor that aims to better understand predictors and mechanisms for the development of psychosis. In this study, we measured expression of plasma analytes reflecting inflammation, oxidative stress, hormones, and metabolism. A “greedy algorithm” selected analytes that best distinguished persons with clinical high-risk symptoms who developed psychosis (CHR-P; n = 32) from unaffected comparison (UC) subjects (n = 35) and from those who did not develop psychosis during a 2-year follow-up (CHR-NP; n = 40). Results: The classifier included 15 analytes (selected from 117), with an area under the receiver operating curve for CHR-P vs UC of 0.91 and CHR-P vs CHR-NP of 0.88. Randomly scrambled group membership followed by reconstructions of the entire classifier method yielded consistently weak classifiers, indicating that the true classifier is highly unlikely to be a chance occurrence. Such randomization methods robustly imply the assays contain consistent information distinguishing the groups which was not obscured by the data normalization method and was revealed by classifier construction. These results support the hypothesis that inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary axes may be prominent in the earliest stages of psychosis. Conclusion: If confirmed in other groups of persons at elevated risk of psychosis, a multiplex blood assay has the potential for high clinical utility.
Antipsychotic effects on estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk in the CATIE schizophrenia study
Creators: name: Hsiao, John K.
name: Davis, Sonia M.
name: Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
name: Daumit, Gail L.
name: McEvoy, Joseph P.
name: Meyer, Jonathan M.
name: Rosenheck, Robert
name: Stroup, T. Scott
name: Nasrallah, Henry A.
name: Davis, Vicki G.
name: Goff, Donald C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Persons with schizophrenia die earlier than the general population, in large part due to cardiovascular disease. The study objective was to examine effects of different antipsychotic treatments on estimates of 10 year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk calculated by the Framingham Heart Study formula.
Photometric and spectroscopic observations, and abundance tomography modelling of the type Ia supernova SN 2014J located in M82
Creators: name: Ashall, C.
name: Mazzali, P.
name: Bersier, D.
name: Hachinger, S.
name: Phillips, M.
name: Percival, S.
name: James, P.
name: Maguire, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic and photometric observations of the nearby Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) SN 2014J are presented. Spectroscopic observations were taken -8 to +10 d relative to B-band maximum, using FRODOSpec, a multi-purpose integral-field unit spectrograph. The observations range from 3900 AA to 9000 AA. SN 2014J is located in M82 which makes it the closest SN Ia studied in at least the last 28 years. It is a spectrosopically normal SN Ia with high velocity features. We model the spectra of SN 2014J with a Monte Carlo (MC) radiative transfer code, using the abundance tomography technique. SN 2014J is highly reddened, with a host galaxy extinction of E(B-V)=1.2 (R_V=1.38). It has a $Δ$m_15(B) of 1.08$\pm$0.03 when corrected for extinction. As SN 2014J is a normal SN Ia, the density structure of the classical W7 model was selected. The model and photometric luminosities are both consistent with B-band maximum occurring on JD 2456690.4$\pm$0.12. The abundance of the SN 2014J behaves like other normal SN Ia, with significant amounts of silicon (12% by mass) and sulphur (9% by mass) at high velocities (12300 km s$^{-1}$) and the low-velocity ejecta (v<6500 km s$^{-1}$) consists almost entirely of $^{56}$Ni.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication by MNRAS
Assessment of social judgments and complex mental states in the early phases of psychosis
Creators: name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Addington, Jean
name: Couture, Shannon M.
name: Penn, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Social cognition plays an important role in the functioning of individuals with psychosis. In this study, we explored two areas of social cognition not previously investigated early in the course of psychosis.