cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
No, It’s Not Online; It’s in the Stacks: Latin American Collections in US Academic and Research Libraries
Creators: name: Silva Reyes, Socrates
name: Ostos, Manuel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Collection development (Libraries)
Libraries
Academic libraries
Latin Americanist libraries

description: Print is the dominant format of monograph production in Latin America, and this chapter explores the following questions with this core tenet in mind: Who are the users of these materials in US Libraries, and what do they need? What is unique and challenging about the Latin American publishing market, and about building and managing Latin American collections? And, how can Latin American studies collection development practices align with the larger trends in research and academic libraries? The chapter will provide background on the challenges and an overview of collections strategies that aim to mitigate difficulties in the acquisition of and access to Latin American studies materials, including collaborative collection development initiatives.
title: Holocene palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Baltic: Reconstructions based on palynological and biogeochemical data from IODP Expedition 347, Site M0063 (Landsort Deep)
Creators: name:  Kotthoff ,  Ulrich
name:  Bauersachs ,  Thorsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Restricted basins, such as the Baltic Sea, are particularly affected by global warming, which leads to intensifying stratification, severe oxygen depletion and increasing water temperatures. This, in turn, results in significant and lasting ecosystem alterations. Sediment cores recovered during IODP Expedition 347 allow reconstructing such changes. We analysed Holocene sediments from the Landsort Deep (IODP Site M0063) using combined palynological and biogeochemical approaches to reconstruct palaeoclimate variations as well as ecosystem changes and to identify anthropogenic influences. Comparison of pollen data with organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs provides a direct land-sea comparison, while increasing palynomorph concentrations are indicative for dysoxic conditions and better preservation. Our results indicate particularly warm conditions (based on TEX86) that are paralleled by high primary productivity (high TOC) and increased anoxia (low pristane/phytane ratios) around the Holocene Thermal Maximum (~7 to 5 kyr BP), Medieval Climate Optimum (~1 kyr BP) and Modern Hypoxic Period (since ~1950). For the late to middle Holocene (~7 to ~4 kyr BP), our data imply a decreasing brackish-marine influence until 4 to 3 kyr BP, accompanied by diminished aquatic primary productivity indicated by declining abundances of dinoflagellate cysts and an increase of the terrestrial vs. aquatic ratio (TARHC). Our data do not reveal equally strong terrestrial ecosystem changes until the past ca. 1000 years, which witnessed increased agricultural activity, implied by higher abundances of rye pollen as well as probably anthropogenically induced deforestation, implied by a relative decrease in non-saccate tree pollen and increase in non-arboreal pollen.
The Emerging Challenges in Heritage Management and Preservation in Indian Context
Creators: name: Gantait, Arnab
name: Singh, Kuldeep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Presented the paper titled, “The Emerging Challenges in Heritage Management and Preservation in Indian Context” in the International Seminar on Indian Art Heritage in a Changing World: Challenges and Prospects, organized by Dept. of History of Art, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, held on 27th February – 1st March 2017.
Discovering Minimal Universal Extra Dimensions (MUED) at the LHC
Creators: name: Belyaev, Alexander
name: Brown, Matthew
name: Moreno, Jesús
name: Papineau, Chloé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we discuss our consistent implementation of the minimal model of Universal Extra Dimensions in CalcHEP. We pay special attention to the gauge invariance issues that arise due to the incorporation of 5D quantum corrections. After validating the implementation we perform a complete study of the tri-lepton signature, including a realistic estimate of the backgrounds, for the present LHC energy and luminosity. We also derive the expected LHC discovery reach for different luminosities, at centre-of-mass energies of both 7 TeV and 8 TeV.
description: This version (and the previous versions) fixes some typos in the text. In the previous versions, some sentences were added or changed to make the explanation clearer. Also, some of the figures in previous versions were changed to correct minor plotting errors that do not affect the results
Effects of female group size on the number of males in blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) groups
Creators: name: Gao, Lu
name: Cords, Marina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cercopithecus mitis
Animal behavior
Sexual behavior in animals

description: The number of males per group varies substantially in group-living primates, both between and within species. In blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis), males may temporarily join groups during annual mating seasons when sexually receptive females are present. A likely determinant of the number of males per group is female group size (the number of adult females in a group). To clarify the role of female group size in driving variation in the number of males per group, we expanded on earlier observations of a wild population in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya with a larger sample of groups that varied fivefold in female group size. We found considerable flexibility in social organization, with groups experiencing multimale episodes both during and outside mating seasons, some persisting over multiyear periods. The dichotomy between single- and multimale mating seasons was less distinct than previously reported, suggesting greater variation in multimale states. Across 65 group-specific conception periods, female group size strongly influenced how often multiple sexually active females and multiple males were present in a group. The number of sexually active females present on a given day related closely to the number of males in the group that same day, especially during conception periods. Results suggest that males join and remain in larger groups where mating opportunities are greater and costs of joining or staying may be lower than in smaller groups. This longitudinal study highlights intraspecific social variation within and across groups while confirming that female group size influences the number of males.
Superfluid transport of information in turning flocks of starlings
Creators: name: Attanasi, Alessandro
name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Del Castello, Lorenzo
name: Giardina, Irene
name: Grigera, Tomas S.
name: Jelić, Asja
name: Melillo, Stefania
name: Parisi, Leonardo
name: Pohl, Oliver
name: Shen, Edward
name: Viale, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Collective decision-making in biological systems requires all individuals in the group to go through a behavioural change of state. During this transition, the efficiency of information transport is a key factor to prevent cohesion loss and preserve robustness. The precise mechanism by which natural groups achieve such efficiency, though, is currently not fully understood. Here, we present an experimental study of starling flocks performing collective turns in the field. We find that the information to change direction propagates across the flock linearly in time with negligible attenuation, hence keeping group decoherence to a minimum. This result contrasts with current theories of collective motion, which predict a slower and dissipative transport of directional information. We propose a novel theory whose cornerstone is the existence of a conserved spin current generated by the gauge symmetry of the system. The theory turns out to be mathematically identical to that of superfluid transport in liquid helium and it explains the dissipationless propagating mode observed in turning flocks. Superfluidity also provides a quantitative expression for the speed of propagation of the information, according to which transport must be swifter the stronger the group's orientational order. This prediction is verified by the data. We argue that the link between strong order and efficient decision-making required by superfluidity may be the adaptive drive for the high degree of behavioural polarization observed in many living groups. The mathematical equivalence between superfluid liquids and turning flocks is a compelling demonstration of the far-reaching consequences of symmetry and conservation laws across different natural systems.
Versatility in a loud call: dual affiliative and agonistic functions in the blue monkey boom
Creators: name: Fuller, James Lewis
name: Cords, Marina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cercopithecus mitis
Animal behavior

description: To investigate the selective agents that shape signals, we examined function (adaptive benefit to signaler) in the boom loud call by male blue monkeys. Using natural observation and playbacks in a wild population in Kenya, we characterized boom function from conspecifics' behavioral responses and also variation in call usage relating to context and reproductive season. Booms occurred in several contexts and after varied stimuli, including falling branches, yet were strongly associated with intragroup activity and, in particular, affiliative interactions between callers and females. Males produced more booms during the mating season and, congruently, when more females in their groups were sexually active. After hearing booms, compared to no call, females spent more time near groupmates and the caller and were more likely to approach and have mating interactions with him. Males tended to move away after hearing a boom. In the aggregate, results indicate that booms achieve multiple functions relating to facilitating group cohesion, affiliative interactions, and mating opportunities, while also repelling rival males. An observed association with falling branches is puzzlingly distinct from these social functions. We explore the hypothesis that booms enable affiliative encounters by acting as signals of benign intent, and discuss the functional versatility of signals perceived by multiple receivers that vary in age, sex, and relationship to signalers.
Reluctant males: why blue monkey males reject female sexual advances
Creators: name: Schembari, Sofia
name: Cords, Marina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cercopithecus mitis
Animal behavior
Sexual behavior in animals

description: Classical sexual selection theory predicts that males should mate eagerly, yet blue monkey males often reject females’ sexual invitations. We evaluated how males’ responses to female solicitations related to female characteristics, number of males and conceptive females present, and the male’s recent copulations. Using 12 years of data from a wild population, we found that males accepted only 20% of female solicitations. Odds of acceptance (copulation) increased for conceptive females, for females with whom the male copulated recently, and when fewer males were present. Odds of accepting nulliparous females decreased when more conceptive females were available, consistent with market models. Male responses did not relate to female rank or matings with other females the same day. When males responded negatively, nulliparous females were especially likely to receive aggression vs. mere refusal. Overall, males’ decisions to mate with willing females depended both on female characteristics, especially fertility, and on social context.
Quantum Teleportation of Dynamics and Effective Interactions Between Remote Systems
Creators: name: Muschik, Christine A.
name: Hammerer, Klemens
name: Polzik, Eugene S.
name: Cirac, Ignacio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most protocols for Quantum Information Processing consist of a series of quantum gates, which are applied sequentially. In contrast, interactions, for example between matter and fields, as well as measurements such as homodyne detection of light, are typically continuous in time. We show how the ability to perform quantum operations continuously and deterministically can be leveraged for inducing non-local dynamics between two separate parties. We introduce a scheme for the engineering of an interaction between two remote systems and present a protocol which induces a dynamics in one of the parties, which is controlled by the other one. Both schemes apply to continuous variable systems, run continuously in time and are based on real-time feedback.
Zoo visitors affect sleep, displacement activities, and affiliative and aggressive behaviors in captive ebony langurs (Trachypithecus auratus)
Creators: name: Cords, Marina
name: Roth, Allison M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Langurs
Captive wild animals--Behavior
Animal behavior
Zoo visitors

description: Previous studies have shown that the number, noise level, and activity level of zoo visitors can negatively influence the behavior of captive animals. This study combined these three factors into a single visitor impact score and assessed whether visitor impact predicted the frequency or occurrence of displacement activities, affiliative behaviors, and aggression in a group of six captive ebony langurs (Trachypithecus auratus). This study also examined whether the amount of time the ebony langurs spent sleeping each day was correlated to the mean visitor impact score for that day. We used negative binomial and binomial models to analyze data collected during 5-min focal follows. Higher visitor impact scores predicted greater expression of displacement activities, affiliative behaviors, and aggression, suggesting that zoo visitors were a source autonomic arousal for the langurs. Similarly, the langurs spent more time sleeping on days with higher mean visitor impact scores, which may indicate learned helplessness. This study suggests that zoo visitors may be a source of environmental stress for captive ebony langurs. Nevertheless, the positive relationship between high visitor impact score and the occurrence of affiliative behavior types may indicate that the langurs use certain activities to decrease visitor-induced stress.
Carbon Accounting by Public and Private Financial Institutions: Can We Be Sure Climate Finance Is Leading to Emissions Reductions?
Creators: name: Spittle, Emily Jessica Elizabe
name: Brauch, Martin Dietrich
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Carbon dioxide
Climatic changes--Decision making
Air quality management

description: As reporting GHG emissions becomes mandatory in the financial sector, the methods by which emissions are calculated will grow in importance for their impact on the resulting metric. Progress is underway in both the public and private financial sectors to embed emissions accounting standards, but there is still a long way to go to make them universal and harmonized. This report addresses key developments that both multilateral development banks (MDBs)—major actors in public climate finance—and private financial institutions have made toward adopting and harmonizing methodologies for calculating financed emissions.
Final state radiation from high and ultrahigh energy neutrino interactions
Creators: name: Plestid, Ryan
name: Zhou, Bei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged leptons produced by high-energy and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos have a substantial probability of emitting prompt internal bremsstrahlung $ν_\ell + N \rightarrow \ell + X + γ$. This can have important consequences for neutrino detection. We discuss observable consequences at high- and ultrahigh-energy neutrino telescopes and the Large Hadron Collider's Forward Physics Facility. Logarithmic enhancements can be substantial (e.g., $\sim 20\%$) when either the charged lepton's energy or the rest of the cascade is measured. We comment on final state radiation's impacts on measuring the inelasticity distribution, $ν/\barν$ flux ratio, throughgoing muons, and double-bang signatures for high-energy neutrino observation. Furthermore, for ultrahigh-energy neutrino observation, we find that final state radiation increases the overall detectable energy by as much as 20\%, affects flavor measurements, and decreases the energy of both Earth-emergent tau leptons and regenerated tau neutrinos. Many of these have significant impacts on measuring neutrino fluxes and spectra. Finally, for the Large Hadron Collider's Forward Physics Facility, we find that final state radiation will impact future extractions of strange quark parton distribution functions. Final state radiation should be included in future analyses at neutrino telescopes and the Forward Physics Facility.
description: Main text 11 pages, 5 figures. Match published version, and added a scaling relation for shower energy shift and a Github link for the data
If Aristotle Had Cooked by Manuel Vargas
Creators: name: Philosophy, the Journal of Mexican
name: Vargas, Manuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220399 Philosophy not elsewhere classified
subject: 220316 Philosophy of Specific Cultures (incl. Comparative Philosophy)

description: Contribution by Manuel Vargas.
Drought in the Southeastern United States: Causes, Variability over the Last Millennium, and the Potential for Future Hydroclimate Change
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Tzanova, Alexandrina
name: Nakamura, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Droughts
Hydrology
Climatic changes

description: An assessment of the nature and causes of drought in the southeastern United States is conducted as well as an assessment of model projections of anthropogenically forced hydroclimate change in this region. The study uses observations of precipitation, model simulations forced by historical SSTs from 1856 to 2007, tree-ring records of moisture availability over the last millennium, and climate change projections conducted for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. From the perspective of the historical record, the recent drought that began in winter 2005/06 was a typical event in terms of amplitude and duration. Observations and model simulations are used to show that dry winter half-years in the Southeast are weakly associated with La Niñas in the tropical Pacific but that this link varies over time and was possibly of opposite sign from about 1922 to 1950. Summer-season precipitation variability in the Southeast appears governed by purely internal atmospheric variability. As such, model simulations forced by historical SSTs have very limited skill in reproducing the instrumental record of Southeast precipitation variability and actual predictive skill is also presumably low. Tree-ring records show that the twentieth century has been moist from the perspective of the last millennium and free of long and severe droughts that were abundant in previous centuries. The tree-ring records show a 21-yr-long uninterrupted drought in the mid-sixteenth century, a long period of dry conditions in the early to mid-nineteenth century, and that the Southeast was also affected by some of the medieval megadroughts centered in western North America. Climate model projections predict that in the near term, future precipitation in the Southeast will increase but that evaporation will also increase. The median of the projections predicts a modest reduction in the atmospheric supply of water vapor to the region; however, the multimodel ensemble exhibits considerable variation, with a quarter to a third of the models projecting an increase in precipitation minus evaporation. The recent drought, forced by reduced precipitation and with reduced evaporation, has no signature of model-projected anthropogenic climate change.
Calculating conjugacy classes in Sylow p-subgroups of finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven
Creators: name: Goodwin, Simon M.
name: Mosch, Peter
name: Roehrle, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G40, 20E45

description: Let G(q) be a finite Chevalley group, where q is a power of a good prime p, and let U(q) be a Sylow p-subgroup of G(q). Then a generalized version of a conjecture of Higman asserts that the number k(U(q)) of conjugacy classes in U(q) is given by a polynomial in q with integer coefficients. In an earlier paper, the first and the third authors developed an algorithm to calculate the values of k(U(q)). By implementing it into a computer program using GAP, they were able to calculate k(U(q)) for G of rank at most 5, thereby proving that for these cases k(U(q)) is given by a polynomial in q. In this paper we present some refinements and improvements of the algorithm that allow us to calculate the values of k(U(q)) for finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven, except E_7. We observe that k(U(q)) is a polynomial, so that the generalized Higman conjecture holds for these groups. Moreover, if we write k(U(q)) as a polynomial in q-1, then the coefficients are non-negative. Under the assumption that k(U(q)) is a polynomial in q-1, we also give an explicit formula for the coefficients of k(U(q)) of degrees zero, one and two.
description: 16 pages
Pyridostigmine ameliorates pristane-induced arthritis symptoms in Dark Agouti rats
Creators: name: Zeng, M
name: Zibrila, A Issotina
name: Li, X
name: Liu, X
name: Wang, X
name: Zeng, Z
name: Wang, Z
name: He, Y
name: Meng, L
name: Liu, J
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Pyridostigmine (PYR), an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in several animal models for inflammation-associated conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of PYR on pristane-induced (PIA) in Dark Agouti (DA) rats. DA rats were intradermally infused with pristane to establish the PIA model, which was treated with PYR (10 mg/kg/day) for 27 days. The effects of PYR on synovial inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota were evaluated by determining arthritis scores, H&E staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and biochemical assays, as well as 16S rDNA sequencing. Pristane induced arthritis, with swollen paws and body weight loss, increased arthritis scores, synovium hyperplasia, and bone or cartilage erosion. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in synovium was higher in the PIA group than in the control group. PIA rats also displayed elevated levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in plasma. Moreover, sequencing results showed that the richness, diversity, and composition of the gut microbiota dramatically changed in PIA rats. PYR abolished pristane-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and corrected the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The results of this study support the protective role of PYR in PIA in DA rats, associated with the attenuation of inflammation and correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for pharmacological interventions in animal models of RA.
Theoretical correlation of the geometry and magnetic hyperfine splittings of the methyl radical
Creators: name: Frank, Robert
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1970
Subjects: Chemistry

description: Spin densities at carbon and hydrogen are calculated at several out of plane angles of the methyl radical. Comparison with temperature dependent ESR studies indicate that the GF method describes the variation adequately while Hartree-Fock, Unrestricted Hartree-Fock, and Valence-Bond treatments do not.
The effect of adhesive coating on the fatigue properties of 2014-T and 7075-T at normal and elevated temperatures
Creators: name: James, George T.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1955
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: A problem of current practical interest to the field of Aeronautics is whether cement coatings associated with strain gages and fatigue warning indicators have appreciable effect upon fatigue characteristics.

Fatigue tests in rotary bending were conducted at room temperature, 200[degrees]F and 400[degrees]F on plain specimens of 2014-T and 7075-T and specimens coated with a synthetic resin lacquer, a synthetic resin cement, and an epoxy resin cement.

The effect of these coatings was slight at room temperature, falling within the scatter band, but apparently affording a small increase in fatigue life. At 200[degrees]F there was no definite effect, but at 400[degrees]F there was a pronounced lowering of fatigue life for all the coated specimens. Parallel results were obtained in 2014-T and 7075-T.
Flavour physics from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Gámiz, Elvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review recent results and prospects for improvement in calculations of hadronic matrix elements relevant to quark flavour phenomenology. I will focus on key quantities for CKM unitarity triangle analyses and for the study of discrepancies between experiment and SM predictions for some flavour observables.
description: Invited talk at the Xth Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum (Munich, 8-12 October 2012). 10 pages. Reference added
Amplification of the North American ‘‘Dust Bowl’’ drought through human-induced land degradation
Creators: name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Miller, Ronald L.
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Dust Bowl Era, 1931-1939
Droughts
Land degradation
Aerosols

description: The “Dust Bowl” drought of the 1930s was highly unusual for North America, deviating from the typical pattern forced by “La Nina” with the maximum drying in the central and northern Plains, warm temperature anomalies across almost the entire continent, and widespread dust storms. General circulation models (GCMs), forced by sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the 1930s, produce a drought, but one that is centered in southwestern North America and without the warming centered in the middle of the continent. Here, we show that the inclusion of forcing from human land degradation during the period, in addition to the anomalous SSTs, is necessary to reproduce the anomalous features of the Dust Bowl drought. The degradation over the Great Plains is represented in the GCM as a reduction in vegetation cover and the addition of a soil dust aerosol source, both consequences of crop failure. As a result of land surface feedbacks, the simulation of the drought is much improved when the new dust aerosol and vegetation boundary conditions are included. Vegetation reductions explain the high temperature anomaly over the northern U.S., and the dust aerosols intensify the drought and move it northward of the purely ocean-forced drought pattern. When both factors are included in the model simulations, the precipitation and temperature anomalies are of similar magnitude and in a similar location compared with the observations. Human-induced land degradation is likely to have not only contributed to the dust storms of the 1930s but also amplified the drought, and these together turned a modest SST-forced drought into one of the worst environmental disasters the U.S. has experienced.
Compute-first optical detection for noise-resilient visual perception
Creators: name: Kim, Jungmin
name: Yu, Nanfang
name: Yu, Zongfu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In the context of visual perception, the optical signal from a scene is transferred into the electronic domain by detectors in the form of image data, which are then processed for the extraction of visual information. In noisy and weak-signal environments such as thermal imaging for night vision applications, however, the performance of neural computing tasks faces a significant bottleneck due to the inherent degradation of data quality upon noisy detection. Here, we propose a concept of optical signal processing before detection to address this issue. We demonstrate that spatially redistributing optical signals through a properly designed linear transformer can enhance the detection noise resilience of visual perception tasks, as benchmarked with the MNIST classification. Our idea is supported by a quantitative analysis detailing the relationship between signal concentration and noise robustness, as well as its practical implementation in an incoherent imaging system. This compute-first detection scheme can pave the way for advancing infrared machine vision technologies widely used for industrial and defense applications.
description: Main 9 pages, 5 figures, Supplementary information 5 pages
Subthreshold behavior and avalanches in an exactly solvable Charge Density Wave system
Creators: name: Kaspar, David C.
name: Mungan, Muhittin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a toy charge density wave (CDW) model in 1d exhibiting a depinning transition with threshold force and configurations that are explicit. Due to the periodic boundary conditions imposed, the threshold configuration has a set of topological defects whose location and number depend on the realization of the random phases. Approaching threshold, these defects are relocated by avalanches whose size dependence on the external driving force $F$ is described by a record-breaking process. We find that the depinning transition in this model is a critical phenomenon, with the cumulative avalanche size diverging near threshold as $(F_{\rm th} - F)^{-2}$. The exact avalanche size distributions and their dependence on the control parameter $(F_{\rm th} - F)$ are obtained. Remarkably, the scaling exponents associated with the critical behavior depend on (1) the initial conditions and (2) the relationship between the system size and the pinning strength.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Revised and extended version
Partitioned Neural Network Training via Synthetic Intermediate Labels
Creators: name: Karadağ, Cevat Volkan
name: Topaloğlu, Nezih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; I.2.11
subject: 68T01 (Primary) 68T07, 68T05 (Secondary)

description: The proliferation of extensive neural network architectures, particularly deep learning models, presents a challenge in terms of resource-intensive training. GPU memory constraints have become a notable bottleneck in training such sizable models. Existing strategies, including data parallelism, model parallelism, pipeline parallelism, and fully sharded data parallelism, offer partial solutions. Model parallelism, in particular, enables the distribution of the entire model across multiple GPUs, yet the ensuing data communication between these partitions slows down training. Additionally, the substantial memory overhead required to store auxiliary parameters on each GPU compounds computational demands. Instead of using the entire model for training, this study advocates partitioning the model across GPUs and generating synthetic intermediate labels to train individual segments. These labels, produced through a random process, mitigate memory overhead and computational load. This approach results in a more efficient training process that minimizes data communication while maintaining model accuracy. To validate this method, a 6-layer fully connected neural network is partitioned into two parts and its performance is assessed on the extended MNIST dataset. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach achieves similar testing accuracies to conventional training methods, while significantly reducing memory and computational requirements. This work contributes to mitigating the resource-intensive nature of training large neural networks, paving the way for more efficient deep learning model development.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Variational Approach to the Calculation of gA
Creators: name: Owen, Benjamin J.
name: Dragos, Jack
name: Kamleh, Waseem
name: Leinweber, Derek B.
name: Mahbub, M. Selim
name: Menadue, Benjamin J.
name: Zanotti, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a lattice QCD calculation of the nucleon axial charge, gA, using a variational approach. After a brief outline of how the variational method is applied to the calculation of form factors, we present results for gA using this method. We find that ground state dominance is rapid, evident in the early onset of a clear plateau in the correlation function ratio proportional to gA. Through a comparison with results obtained via traditional methods, we show how excited state effects can suppress gA by as much as 8% if sources are not properly tuned.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; Updated version as appears in PLB
Mathematical models of the mechanics of the cochlea
Creators: name: Neely, Stephen Taylor
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1978
Subjects: Electrical Engineering

description: A two-dimensional mathematical model of cochlear mechanics is developed, based on classical assumptions. The basilar membrane is represented by an acoustic admittance function with longitudinal coupling only through the cochlear fluid. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and all motion in the cochlea is assumed to be linear. The integral equations of Allen (1977) and Siebert (1974) are presented for the infinite cochlea and shown to be Fourier transforms of each other. A two-dimensional finite difference scheme based directly on the model equations is shown to be as accurate as Allen's published solutions, and requires only 1/100 the computation time. Numerical solutions are obtained by this direct method for parameters chosen to fit the cochlear map. Traveling-wave solutions are obtained even when the stapes is motionless and the cochlear walls vibrate instead. It is suggested that the initial 9 db/octave slope of the magnitude of the basilar membrane displacement could provide a mechanism  for encoding loudness. A new one-dimensional model of the cochlea is proposed which assumes the properties of the basilar membrane to vary slowly along the length of the cochlea. The one-dimensional model provides a link between the two-dimensional model and other one-dimensional, long-wave models.
Evaluation of an individually tailored smoking-cessation intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis in an outpatient clinic
Creators: name: Karlsson, M-L
name: Hertzberg-Nyquist, K
name: Saevarsdottir, S
name: Lundberg, IE
name: Demmelmaier, I
name: Pettersson, S
name: Chatzidionysiou, K
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The aim of this study was to evaluate an individually tailored smoking-cessation intervention delivered in rheumatology care and compare the characteristics of patients who quit smoking with those who did not. This was an open single-group prospective intervention study over 24 months, with assessments at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Current smokers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were invited to a smoking-cessation programme including behavioural change support, with or without pharmacotherapy. Data on disease activity, medical treatment, and patient-reported outcomes were retrieved from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients at month 24 who reported having quit smoking with self-reported 7 day smoking abstinence. In total, 99 patients participated in the study. Median age was 58 years (interquartile range 50–64); 69% were female and 88% rheumatoid factor and/or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positive. At 24 months, 21% of the patients had quit smoking. At 6, 12, and 18 months, 12%, 12%, and 14% of patients, respectively, had quit smoking. For patients still smoking at 24 months, the median number of cigarettes per day was significantly reduced from 12 to 6 (p ≤ 0.001). Among patients who had quit smoking at 24 months, a smaller proportion reported anxiety at baseline compared to those still smoking (28% vs 58%, p = 0.02). A smoking-cessation intervention including behavioural change support with or without pharmacotherapy can be helpful for a substantial number of RA patients. Anxiety is associated with lower smoking-cessation success rates.
Lightcurves of Stars & Exoplanets: Estimating Inclination, Obliquity, and Albedo
Creators: name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
name: Fuentes, Pablo A.
name: Haggard, Hal M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] Distant stars and planets will remain spatially unresolved for the foreseeable future. It is nonetheless possible to infer aspects of their brightness markings and viewing geometries by analyzing disk-integrated rotational and orbital brightness variations. We compute the harmonic lightcurves, F_l^m(t), resulting from spherical harmonic maps of intensity or albedo, Y_l^m(theta,phi), where l and m are the total and longitudinal order. Notably, odd m>1 are present in an inclined lightcurve, but not seen by an equatorial observer. We therefore suggest that the Fourier spectrum of a thermal lightcurve may be sufficient to determine the orbital inclination of non-transiting short-period planets, the rotational inclination of stars and brown dwarfs, and the obliquity of directly imaged planets. In the best-case scenario of a nearly edge-on geometry, measuring the m=3 mode of a star's rotational lightcurve to within a factor of two provides an inclination estimate good to +/- 6 degrees, assuming stars have randomly distributed spots. Alternatively, if stars have brightness maps perfectly symmetric about the equator, their lightcurves will have no m=3 power, regardless of orientation. In general, inclination estimates will remain qualitative until detailed hydrodynamic simulations and/or occultation maps can be used as a calibrator. We further derive harmonic reflected lightcurves for tidally-locked planets; these are higher-order versions of the well-known Lambert phase curve. We show that a non-uniform planet may have an apparent albedo 25% lower than its intrinsic albedo, even if it exhibits precisely Lambertian phase variations. Lastly, we provide low-order analytic expressions for harmonic lightcurves that can be used for fitting observed photometry; as a general rule, edge-on solutions cannot simply be scaled by sin(i) to mimic inclined lightcurves.
description: MNRAS accepted, 14 pages, 7 figures
Collaboration in the Earth Science Data System Working Groups (ESDSWG)
Creators: name: Downs, Robert R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Interorganizational relations
Interorganizational relations--Management
Earth sciences--Data processing

description: Collaborative inter-organizational groups can offer benefits for participating organizations and for society. As part of the discussion on the value and sustainability of collaborative inter-organizational groups, the history and evolution of the Earth Science Data System Working Groups (ESDSWG) are described, along with a brief discussion of selected ESDSWG outcomes, activities, and relationships between the ESDSWG and the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP). Insights that have been gained from collaborating on ESDSWG activities are described to inform the formation and management of collaborative activities within inter-organizational groups.
Construct validity of the PROMIS PF-10 in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and severe limitations in physical functioning
Creators: name: van Wissen, MAT
name: Straathof, B
name: Vlieland, TPM Vliet
name: van den Ende, CHM
name: Teuwen, MMH
name: Peter, WF
name: Broeder, AA den
name: van den Hout, WB
name: van Schaardenburg, D
name: van Tubergen, AM
name: Gademan, MGJ
name: van Weely, SFE
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Assessing the construct validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function 10-Item Short Form (PROMIS PF-10) in a subpopulation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients with severe limitations in physical functioning (PF). RA/axSpA patients with severe functional limitations completed the PROMIS PF-10, Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (HAQ-DI for RA) or Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI for axSpA), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-level (index score, EQ-VAS), and performed the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Construct validity was assessed by computing Spearman rank or Pearson correlation coefficients and testing hypotheses about correlations between the PROMIS PF-10 and measures of PF and quality of life. Data from 316 patients (180 RA/136 axSpA, 91.7%/47.8% female, mean ± sd age 58.6 ± 13.2/54.0 ± 11.3 years) were analysed. The median (IQR) PROMIS PF-10 score was 34.5 (31.4–37.6) in RA and 36.0 (32.8–38.3) in axSpA patients. The PROMIS PF-10 correlated strongly with the HAQ-DI, BASFI, and EQ-5D-5L index score (r > 0.6), moderately with the SF-36 Physical Component Summary score, EQ-VAS, and 6MWT (0.30 ≤ r ≤ 0.60), and weakly with the SF-36 Mental Component Summary score (r < 0.30). Five of six hypotheses (83%) were confirmed in both groups. The overall strong correlation of the PROMIS PF-10 with measures of PF and moderate to weak correlations with outcomes measuring different constructs were confirmed in subpopulations of RA and axSpA patients with severe functional limitations, supporting its construct validity.
Nonlocal Non-Markovian Effects in Dephasing Environments
Creators: name: Xie, Dong
name: Wang, An Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonlocal non-Markovian effects through local interactions between two subsystems and the corresponding two environments. It has been found that the initial correlations between two environments can turn a Markovian to a non-Markovian regime with the extra control on the local interaction time. We further research the nonlocal non-Markovian effects from two situations: without extra control, the nonlocal non-Markovian effects only appear under the condition that two local dynamics are non-Markovian-non-Markovian(both of two local dynamics are non-Markovian), or Markovian-non-Markovian, never appear under the condition of Markovian-Markovian; with extra control, the nonlocal non-Markovian effects can occur under the condition of Markovian-Markovian. It shows that the correlations between two environments has an upper bound: only making a flow of information from the environment back to the global system begin finitely earlier than that back to any one of two local systems, not infinitely. Then, due to observing that the classical correlations between two environments have the same function as the quantum correlations, we advise two special ways to distribute classical correlations between two environments without initial correlations. Finally, from numerical solutions in the spin star configuration we obtain that the self-correlation(internal correlation) of each environment promotes the nonlocal non-Markovian effects.
Physical therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: the patients’ perspective
Creators: name: van Wissen, MAT
name: Gademan, MGJ
name: Vlieland, TPM Vliet
name: Straathof, B
name: Teuwen, MMH
name: Peter, WF
name: van den Ende, CHM
name: van Weely, SFE
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: To assess the duration, frequency, and content of individual physical therapy (PT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). In this cross-sectional study, an electronic questionnaire aimed at people with RA and axSpA was distributed through various communication channels of the Dutch Arthritis Foundation. It comprised questions on sociodemographic and health characteristics, received PT (currently and/or in the past year) and, if applicable, its duration, frequency, and content (active exercises, manual treatment, physical modalities, and/or counselling/education). The study included 257 and 94 patients with self-reported diagnoses of RA and axSpA, of whom 163 (63%) and 77 (82%) currently or had recently received individual PT. The duration of individual PT was long-term (> 3 months) in 79% of RA and 83% of axSpA patients, with an average frequency of once per week in most. Although active exercises and counselling/education were each reported by ≥ 73% of the patients with RA and axSpA who received long-term individual PT, passive treatment modalities were also often offered (≥ 89%), in particular massage, kinesiotaping, and/or passive mobilization. The same pattern was seen in patients receiving short-term PT. The majority of patients with RA and axSpA received PT currently or in the past year, usually individually, long-term, and at a frequency of once a week. Although active exercises and education are recommended in guidelines, passive treatment options that are not advised were relatively often reported. An implementation study to identify barriers and facilitators regarding adherence to clinical practice guidelines seems warranted.