cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Effect of Casein/Fat Ratio on Milk Fat Recovery in Cheddar Cheese
Creators: name: Yiadom-Farkye, Nana A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: Cheddar cheese was made by the traditional 4.5-h method from three experimental lots of milk, each standardized to casein/fat ratios of approximately 0.64, 0.67 and 0.70. The effect of casein/fat ratio on milk fat recovery was determined. The effects of milk composition on curd firmness at cutting, cheese composition and resulting yield of cheese were evaluated. Correlations between milk constituents and various cheese components were obtained. Milk fat recovery was unaffected by casein/fat ratios within the limits of 0.64 and 0.71. Average milk fat recovery was 91.58 ± 1.73%. Cheese yield was a function of milk protein, milk fat and cheese moisture; and a modified Van Slyke equation predicted cheese yield better than the original equation within the limits of casein/fat ratio studied. Strong negative correlations were observed between casein/fat ratio and cheese fat and cheese fat in the dry matter whereas positive correlations were observed between casein/fat ratio and cheese protein. At constant protein levels curd firmness increased directly with the amount of fat in cheese milk.
Moment spectra in a simple model of an earthquake fault
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Plate tectonics
Seismology
Earthquakes

description: The behavior of a simple one-dimensional, homogeneous, deterministic model of an earthquake fault is examined on the timescale of the rupture process. The model generates a complex spatial and temporal distribution of events from a frictional instability. I measure the frequency spectra of the moment release rate for events of different sizes, and observe power laws for the spectra. A bend in the spectra of large events is also observed. The paper concludes with a discussion of how these results may be relevant to real earthquake faults.
Chronic plasmodium brasilianum infections in wild peruvian tamarins
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Animals
Animals, Wild
Chronic Disease
DNA, Protozoan
Female
Incidence
Malaria
Male
Monkey Diseases
Peru
Phylogeny
Plasmodium
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Saguinus
Sequence Analysis, DNA

description: Copyright: © 2017 Erkenswick et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. There is an increased interest in potential zoonotic malarias. To date, Plasmodium malariae that infects humans remains indistinguishable from Plasmodium brasilianum, which is widespread among New World primates. Distributed throughout tropical Central and South America, the Callitrichidae are small arboreal primates in which detection of natural Plasmodium infection has been extremely rare. Most prior screening efforts have been limited to small samples, the use of low-probability detection methods, or both. Rarely have screening efforts implemented a longitudinal sampling design. Through an annual mark-recapture program of two sympatric callitrichids, the emperor (Saguinus imperator) and saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) tamarins, whole blood samples were screened for Plasmodium by microscopy and nested PCR of the cytochrome b gene across four consecutive years (2012–2015). Following the first field season, approximately 50% of the samples collected each subsequent year were from recaptured individuals. In particular, out of 245 samples from 129 individuals, 11 samples from 6 individuals were positive for Plasmodium, and all but one of these infections was found in S. imperator. Importantly, the cytochrome b sequences were 100% identical to former isolates of P. malariae from humans and P. brasilianum from Saimiri sp. Chronic infections were detected as evidenced by repeated infections (7) from two individuals across the 4-year study period. Furthermore, 4 of the 5 infected emperor tamarins were part of a single group spanning the entire study period. Overall, the low prevalence reported here is consistent with previous findings. This study identifies two new natural hosts for P. brasilianum and provides evidence in support of chronic infections in wildlife populations. Given that callitrichids are often found in mixed-species associations with other primates and can be resilient to human-disturbed environments, they could contribute to the maintenance of P. malariae populations if future work provides entomological and epidemiological evidence indicating human zoonotic infections.
Physical, chemical and rheological studies of the hen's egg
Creators: name: Tung, Marvin Arthur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A three-part investigation is described in which hardness at regular intervals across the thickness of egg shells is measured and related to chemical composition at similar positions in the same shells; egg shell membranes are viewed by electron microscopy to compare the structure of inner and outer layers; and rheology of egg albumen is studied using a rotational viscometer. Microindentation tests of 27 egg shells reveal a maximum hardness at the outer surface, intermediate hardness at the inner surface and a minimum hardness midway across the thickness of the shell. Electron probe microanalyses indicate a gradual linear increase in calcium toward the inner shell surface. Magnesium and phosphorus are a maximum at the outer surface and follow quadratic and exponential gradients respectively across the egg shell thickness. Hardness gradients, composition gradients and the hardness-composition relationships change from shell to shell. For individual egg shells, an average of 91 percent of the variation in hardness is accounted for by variations in chemical composition. In pooled data of 27 shells, 48 percent of hardness variance is associated with composition changes; whereas 81 percent may be attributed to variations in composition and position in the shell. Electron microscopical study and measurement of four egg shell membranes show that the structures consist of an open network of fibers built up in layers parallel to the membrane surfaces. Two regions are evident in transverse section. The outer membrane is three times the thickness of the inner membrane and the combined dimension is about 100 microns. Each fiber has a central core encased by a granular mantle. For the outer membrane, fiber core diameters are significantly greater and fibers usually occupy a larger percentage of membrane volume than is the case for inner membranes. The inside surface of the inner membrane is lined by a 0.1 micron layer of material similar to the fiber mantle. Egg shell membrane structure is discussed in relation to microbial penetration. Viscous behavior of egg albumen is described at 10, 20, 30 and 40°C between shear rates of 220 and 3140 sec⁻¹. Egg albumen is a time-dependent pseudoplastic fluid. Apparent-viscosity decay at constant shear rate is partially recoverable between 32 hour tests and is affected by the temperature and shear rate used. Flow behavior is accurately described by the power-law and Ellis models. Shear history strongly influences flow behavior with higher shear rates resulting in greater pseudoplasticity and sensitivity to temperature effects.
A search for faint violet stars
Creators: name: Jaidee, S
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: 296 faint violet stars (with U - B < - 0 1:1 6) were found on U, B plates in 540 square degrees. Of these, 43 were measured photoelectrically in UBV and of those 43, 25 were measured also in a red colour R'. Two-colour diagrams in (U- B, B - V), (17 - B, V - R') and (B - V, V - R') of the measured stars were studied. Two stars (Nos. 48, 288) show very strong infra-red as well as ultra-violet and these may well be quasi-stellar galaxies. From the space distribution of the violet stars, we expect white dwarfs to be prevalent in our material. However, about a dozen quasi-stellar galaxies can be expected to be present as well. Chapter I deals with the earlier surveys for faint blue stars. Completeness of the surveys, methods used and types of stars involved are discussed. Chapter II gives a description of the observations made by the author with a discussion on the methods used to search for faint violet stars. It also includes the photoelectric results of the sampled violet stars. Chapter III discusses colours of stars found in this type of survey. A two-colour diagram in (U - B, B - V) of known hot subdwarfs (0 - B), white dwarfs quasi-stellar objects, blue horizontal-branch stars and subdwarfs (F - 0) is studied. To try to single out extra-galactic objects among the violet stars, two colour diagrams in (U - B, B - V), (U - B, V - RI) and ‚Äö (B - V, V - R i ) are studied. In chapter IV estimates are given of the expected yield of this survey as deduced from the space distribution of the types of stars concerned.
Bounds for the ratio of two gamma functions--From Wendel's and related inequalities to logarithmically completely monotonic functions
Creators: name: Qi, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A48, 26A51, 26D20, 33B15, 33D05, 65R10

description: In this expository and survey paper, along one of main lines of bounding the ratio of two gamma functions, we look back and analyse some inequalities, several complete monotonicity of functions involving ratios of two gamma or $q$-gamma functions, and necessary and sufficient conditions for functions involving ratios of two gamma or $q$-gamma functions to be logarithmically completely monotonic.
description: 22 pages
Prediction of large events on a dynamical model of a fault
Creators: name: Pepke, Shirley L.
name: Carlson, Jean M.
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Plate tectonics

description: We present results for long-term and intermediate-term prediction algorithms applied to a simple mechanical model of a fault. The long-term techniques we consider include the slip-predictable and time-predictable methods and prediction based upon the distribution of repeat times between large events. Neither the slip-predictable nor time-predictable method works well on our model. In comparison, the time interval method is much more effective and is used here to establish a benchmark for predictability. We consider intermediate-term prediction techniques which employ pattern recognition to identify seismic precursors. These methods are found to be significantly more effective at predicting coming large events than methods based on recurrence intervals. The performances of four specific precursors are compared using a quality function Q, which is similar to functions used in linear cost-benefit analysis. When the quality function equally weights (1) the benefit of a successful prediction, (2) the cost of maintaining alerts, and (3) the cost of false alarms, we find that Q is optimized in algorithms based on the most conventional precursors when alarms occupy 10–20% of the mean recurrence interval and approximately 90% of the events are successfully predicted. The measure Q is further used to explore optimization questions such as variation in the space, time, and magnitude windows used in the pattern recognition algorithms. Finally, we study the intrinsic uncertainties associated with seismicity catalogs of restricted lengths. In particular, we test the hypothesis that many shorter catalogs are as effective as one long catalog in determining algorithm parameters, and we find that the hypothesis is valid for the model when the catalogs are of the order of the mean recurrence interval.
A Population of Compact Elliptical Galaxies Detected with the Virtual Observatory
Creators: name: Chilingarian, Igor
name: Cayatte, Veronique
name: Revaz, Yves
name: Dodonov, Serguei
name: Durand, Daniel
name: Durret, Florence
name: Micol, Alberto
name: Slezak, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact elliptical galaxies are characterized by small sizes and high stellar densities. They are thought to form through tidal stripping of massive progenitors. However, only a handful of them were known, preventing us from understanding the role played by this mechanism in galaxy evolution. We present a population of 21 compact elliptical galaxies gathered with the Virtual Observatory. Follow-up spectroscopy and data mining, using high-resolution images and large databases, show that all the galaxies exhibit old metal-rich stellar populations different from those of dwarf elliptical galaxies of similar masses but similar to those of more massive early-type galaxies, supporting the tidal stripping scenario. Their internal properties are reproduced by numerical simulations, which result in compact dynamically hot remnants resembling the galaxies in our sample.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Science in press, published in Science Express on 1/Oct/2009. Full resolution figures in the supplementary online material are available from the Science Magazine web-site
title: Reduction of Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Chloride in a Cured Meat Product by Using Acid Development to Inhibit Botulinal Toxin Formation
Creators: name: Assamongkorn, Angsana
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: Pediococcus acidilactici as a lactic acid producer, and sucrose were added to breakfast strip products in order to reduce added levels of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride and yet limit the growth of Clostridium botulinum and inhibit toxin production. Sucrose at 0.4 or 0.9% with P. acidilactici at 1.0 x 10 cells/g were added during preparation of breakfast strip products prepared with combinations of 40 or 80 ppm sodium nitrite and 1.0 or 2.0% sodium chloride. Other ingredients were added at levels normally used in cured meat products. C. botulinum types A and B at 1,000 spores/g were inoculated during product preparation. The finished products were sliced, vacuum packed, double bagged, vacuum sealed again, and incubated at 27 C. Samples were analyzed before incubation and every week for 4 weeks for anaerobic plate counts, pH, residual nitrite, Most Probable Number counts, and botulinal toxin. The results revealed that 0.9% sucrose increased the acid production, thus inhibiting the botulinal growth and toxin formation in the products. Lactic acid bacteria and sucrose at 0.4% did not produce enough acid to inhibit toxin formation. Sodium nitrite at 40 ppm and sodium chloride at 1.0% permitted increased growth rate and toxin development of C. botulinum. Addition of 0.9% sucrose and P. acidilactici was necessary to provide antibotulinal properties to breakfast strip products prepared with 40 ppm sodium nitrite and 1.0% sodium chloride.
Tunable two-dimensional interfacial coupling in molecular heterostructures
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)

description: © 2017 The Author(s). Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures are of considerable interest for the next generation nanoelectronics because of their unique interlayer coupling and optoelectronic properties. Here, we report a modified Langmuir-Blodgett method to organize two-dimensional molecular charge transfer crystals into arbitrarily and vertically stacked heterostructures, consisting of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF)/C60 and poly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3DDT)/C60 nanosheets. A strong and anisotropic interfacial coupling between the charge transfer pairs is demonstrated. The van der Waals heterostructures exhibit pressure dependent sensitivity with a high piezoresistance coefficient of -4.4 × 10-6 Pa-1, and conductance and capacitance tunable by external stimuli (ferroelectric field and magnetic field). Density functional theory calculations confirm charge transfer between the n-orbitals of the S atoms in BEDT-TTF of the BEDT-TTF/C60 layer and the πorbitals of C atoms in C60 of the P3DDT/C60 layer contribute to the inter-complex CT. The two-dimensional molecular van der Waals heterostructures with tunable optical-electronic-magnetic coupling properties are promising for flexible electronic applications.
Greater supply of Patagonian-sourced detritus and transport by the ACC to the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period
Creators: name: Noble, Taryn L.
name: Piotrowski, Alexander M.
name: Robinson, Laura F.
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter
name: Bory, Aloys Jean-Mathias
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Submarine geology

description: Reconstructing past detrital flux and provenance in the Southern Ocean provides information about changes in source regions associated with climate variations and transport pathways. We present a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to Holocene comparison of 230Th normalised fluxes combined with sediment provenance data (Pb, Nd and Sr isotopes) from a latitudinal core transect in the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (ODP Leg 177 cores). We compare the radiogenic isotopic composition (IC) of detritus in these cores to that of cores proximal to potential source areas. We observe a well-defined latitudinal Holocene gradient in both detrital flux and provenance of sediment. High detrital fluxes in the north are associated with terrigenous material derived from southern Africa, while low detrital fluxes in the south are associated with supply from southern South America, West Antarctica and the South Sandwich Islands. The data suggest that this well-defined Holocene gradient in detrital flux and sediment provenance is controlled by the flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the position of its frontal zones. The LGM is characterised by 2 to 6 times higher than modern detrital fluxes at most ODP Leg 177 sites. The LGM detrital fluxes do not show a latitudinal trend and suggest a greater supply of glaciogenic detritus sourced from southern South America. Glacial Patagonian outwash sediments (< 5 μm fraction) were analysed and compared to the bulk compositions of the marine sediments. The Pb IC of the Patagonian sediments is very similar to the glacial IC of sediments in the Scotia Sea and at ~ 49° S latitude in the eastern Atlantic sector. We propose that the glacial IC of sediments is controlled by increased delivery of Patagonian detritus initially supplied by glaciers and then transported at depth via the ACC.
Dynamic heterogeneities versus fixed heterogeneities in earthquake models
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Seismology
subject: Earthquakes

description: A debate has raged over whether fixed material and geometrical heterogeneities, or alternatively dynamic stress heterogeneities, arising through frictional instabilities dominate earthquake complexity. It may also be that both types of heterogeneities interact and are important. This paper makes a first step in examining this interaction, combining two previously separate lines of research. One line examined friction, which has attractors (the subset of the phase space that the system evolves towards in the long run) on homogeneous faults, which are simple, and then added fixed heterogeneities to the faults to obtain complex attractors. Another line examined frictions, which produced complex attractors on homogeneous faults. Here, we examine frictions, which produce complex attractors on homogeneous faults, and study them on heterogeneous faults, in order to study the interaction of dynamic stress heterogeneities and fixed fault heterogeneities. We consider two types of fixed heterogeneities: an additive noise and a multiplicative noise to the frictional strength of the fault. Because of the linearity of the bulk elastodynamics, the attractor is unaffected by additive fixed noise in the strength of the fault: adding an arbitrary function of space, fixed in time, to the friction leaves the resulting attractor unchanged. In contrast, multiplicative fixed noise multiplying the friction can have a profound effect on the resulting attractor. In the small multiplicative noise amplitude limit, the frictional weakening attractor is little perturbed; at finite amplitudes, fixed heterogeneities substantially alter the attractor. We see, as one consequence, a shift toward longer length events at larger amplitudes. Fixed heterogeneities are seen to reduce the irregularities created by the frictional instability we study, but by no means destroy them. We quantify this by examining a measure of variability of the importance in hazard estimates, the coefficient of variation of large event recurrence times. The coefficient of variation is seen to remain substantial even for large fixed heterogeneities. For friction that weakens with time, so the underlying uniform fault attractor is simple, fixed heterogeneities increase irregularity. For all frictions examined, at low fixed heterogeneity the stress concentrations left over by the ends of the large events dominate where most of the small events occur, while at higher heterogeneity the stress irregularities left over by fixed fault heterogeneities begin to dominate where the small events occur. This may be the strongest signature of fixed heterogeneities, and should be examined further in the Earth. Finally, in what may have important implications for more sophisticated estimates of earthquake hazard, we see a correlation of locations with lower strength drop having higher variation in large event repeat times.
Development and application of a moire fringe technique to the analysis of a structural knee
Creators: name: Jenkins, CJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The technique of making inexpensive diffraction gratings of a quality suitable for moire fringe strain analysis is described together with a method of viewing the gratings for best results. The use of a reference grid avoids the need for resolving fine lines. A secondary moire pattern obtained by interfering two primary patterns from different loads is used to measure displacements and eliminates imperfections from the gratings. The strain and displacement patterns in knee joints tested by this method are described, and some analytical methods of solving for stress and strain distributions are investigated.
Fluctuations of the baryonic flux-tube junction from effective string theory
Creators: name: Pfeuffer, Melanie
name: Bali, Gunnar S.
name: Panero, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quenched QCD, where the dynamic creation of quark-antiquark pairs out of the vacuum is neglected, a confined baryonic system composed of three static quarks exhibits string-like behaviour at large interquark separation, with the formation of flux tubes characterized by the geometry of the so-called Y ansatz. We study the fluctuations of the junction of the three flux tubes, assuming the dynamics to be governed by an effective bosonic string model. We show that the asymptotic behaviour of the effective width of the junction grows logarithmically with the distance between the sources, with the coefficient depending on the number of joining strings, on the dimension of spacetime and on the string tension.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX4 style, revision: style changed, references added, more explanations added, typos corrected
A New Period for the Geologic Time Scale
Creators: name: Knoll, Andrew H.
name: Walter, Malcolm R.
name: Narbonne, Guy M.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: History
subject: Paleontology

description: The geologic time scale stands as a major achievement of 19th-century science, a coherent record of our planet’s history fashioned from myriad details of individual rock outcroppings. The eras, periods, and finer divisions of the scale not only codify geologic time, they reflect our accumulated understanding of Earth’s past—or at least its more recent past. The Cambrian Period, with its fossil record of animal diversification, began only 543 million years ago (Ma), when Earth was already 4000 million years old (see the figure). In the 19th century and for much of the 20th century, the beginning of the Cambrian (also the beginning of the Paleozoic era and the Phanerozoic eon) marked the most distant temporal reaches of Earth’s tractable historical record. The absence of skeletonized fossils that mark Phanerozoic time made Precambrian rocks difficult to correlate, and so the fine stratigraphic divisions of the younger record gave way to broad intervals that permitted only limited insight into foundational events of Earth history. In 1991, perhaps out of resignation, the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) approved a division of Precambrian time into eons, eras, and periods defined strictly by chronometric age, without reference to events recorded in sedimentary rocks. The eras stuck, but the proposed period names are seldom used. This tradition was swept aside in March this year with the approval by IUGS of an addition to the geologic time scale: the Ediacaran Period. This newly ratified period, which directly precedes the Cambrian, is the first Precambrian interval to be defined according to the principles that govern the Phanerozoic time scale. It is also the first stratigraphically defined new period of any sort to be added since 1891 when Williams divided the Carboniferous Period in two (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian).
title: A Model for Estimating Available Iron from Total Nutrient Intakes
Creators: name: Black, Ann Marie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: Factors which affect iron bioavailability have been repeatedly and extensively investigated. A model, derived from these studies, has been developed for estimating available iron from meal data. However, many dietary surveys report only average daily intakes of iron, and do not report the iron present in single meals. No model to estimate available iron from daily iron intake has been presented in the literature.
Dietary questionnaires were kept for two nonconsecutive weekdays by 355 male and 382 female Utah school children, mean age 7.5 years, assisted by their parents, and recorded by household measure. Data, first recorded as meals eaten, were used to develop three models for the estimation of available iron from total daily iron intake. It was concluded that available iron can be estimated from total iron intake by two of these models, as compared with the currently used model, which estimates available iron from data recorded by meal.
Additionally, meal patterns of those factors involved with the estimation of available iron were investigated. The intake of dietary ascorbic acid and total iron was found to be evenly distributed among meals; approximately 10% of these nutrients was consumed as snacks. Of the meat, fish, poultry and the iron in those products consumed; 36% was taken at lunch, and 54% at dinner. Only 5% of the meat, fish, and poultry iron was consumed as snacks. The available iron distribution for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks was 21.0%, 30.8%, 42.5% and 5.7%, respectively.
Previous studies have investigated the characteristics of diets which provide 9 mg of iron per 1000 kcal of energy consumed. These diets have been shown to include larger portions of vegetables, fruits, and cereal products. In this study, these high-iron dense characteristics were studied as they pertain to total available iron intake. It was concluded that the high-iron dense diet receives more total available iron from the nonheme iron than from the heme iron consumed. Thus, it is conceivable that those dietary characteristics shown to provide a high-iron dense diet may also provide a high available iron intake.
X-ray Diagnostics of Thermal Conditions of the Hot Plasmas in the Centaurus Cluster
Creators: name: Takahashi, I.
name: Kawaharada, M.
name: Makishima, K.
name: Matsushita, K.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: Ikebe, Y.
name: Kitaguchi, T.
name: Kokubun, M.
name: Nakazawa, K.
name: Okuyama, S.
name: Ota, N.
name: Tamura, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray data of the Centaurus cluster, obtained with {\it XMM-Newton} for 45 ksec, were analyzed. Deprojected EPIC spectra from concentric thin shell regions were reproduced equally well by a single-phase plasma emission model, or by a two-phase model developed by {\it ASCA}, both incorporating cool (1.7--2.0 keV) and hot ($\sim 4$ keV) plasma temperatures. However, EPIC spectra with higher statistics, accumulated over 3-dimentional thick shell regions, were reproduced better by the two-phase model than by the singe-phase one. Therefore, hot and cool plasma phases are inferred to co-exist in the cluster core region within $\sim 70$ kpc. The iron and silicon abundances of the plasma were reconfirmed to increase significantly towards the center, while that of oxygen was consistent with being radially constant. The implied non-solar abundance ratios explains away the previously reported excess X-ray absorption from the central region. Although an additional cool ($\sim 0.7$ keV) emission was detected within $\sim 20$ kpc of the center, the RGS data gave tight upper limits on any emission with a tempeartures below $\sim 0.5$ keV. These results are compiled into a magnetosphere model, which interprets the cool phase as confined within closed magnetic loops anchored to the cD galaxy. When combined with so-called Rosner-Tucker-Vaiana mechanism which applies to solar coronae, this model can potentially explain basic properties of the cool phase, including its temperature and thermal stability.
description: 53 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Distortion in time perception as a result of concern about appearing biased
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Adolescent
African Americans
Analysis of Variance
Discrimination, Psychological
European Continental Ancestry Group
Facial Recognition
Female
Goals
Humans
Male
Motivation
Psychological Tests
Racism
Regression Analysis
Social Behavior
Time Perception
Young Adult

description: Two experiments illustrate that the perception of a given time duration slows when white participants observe faces of black men, but only if participants are concerned with appearing biased. In Experiment 1 the concern with the appearance of bias is measured as a chronic state using the external motivation to respond without prejudice scale (Plant & Devine, 1998). In Experiment 2 it is manipulated by varying the race of the experimenter (black versus white). Time perception is assessed via a temporal discrimination task commonly used in the literature. Models of time perception identify arousal as a factor that causes perceived time to slow, and we speculate that arousal arising in intergroup interactions can alter time perception.
title: Natural Cheese from Prefermented Whole Milk Retentate
Creators: name: Brown, Charles Gordon
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: A new method for manufacture of natural cheese was developed using 5X ultrafiltered whole milk retentate. The retentate was prefermented to pH 5.0-5.2 before curd formation to simplify the cheese making process. It was demonstrated that the process can be made commercially feasible.
Ultrafiltration and diafiltration of whole milk were done so that the desired level of residual lactose was left in the retentate. Retentate was inoculated with lactic starter culture and incubated (prefermented) until all lactose was converted to lactic acid. The final pH stabilized at about 5.0-5.2; the desired pH of the cheese curd. Incubation at 25°C allowed the retentate to remain liquid during prefermentation and easily pumped through pipes. After prefermentation, retentate was passed through a mechanical curd former where rennet was injected and mixed. The retentate-rennet mixture coagulated as it traveled upward through a cylinder. The curd emerged from the curd former and was cut into cubes by a grid of knives. The curd cubes were treated for removal of moisture by cooking in liquid and evaporation under vacuum. After moisture removal, curd was drained. salted and pressed. Cheddaring and milling were unnecessary.
Experiments were performed to determine proper methods for preparing retentate. Diafiltration level was significantly related to lactose concentration in retentate (p=.OOO 1) and final pH of fermented retentate (p=.OOO1).
Acidified permeate and acidified, deionized water were evaluated as cooking liquids. Cheese made from curd cooked in permeate had acid defects. but curd cooked in water produced cheese with a pH similar to conventionally produced Cheddar cheese. Moisture content of all finished cheese was excessive for Cheddar cheese. Body and texture of cheese made from curd cooked in water was close to conventionally produced Cheddar cheese.
Diafiltration may be used to control final pH of fermented retentate. Prefermentation of retentate prior to cheese making will simplify equipment and shorten manufacturing time. Commercial application of the process is discussed.
DESIGN OF MULTILAYERED BIDIRECTIONAL LSTM NETWORK FOR STOCK PRICE PREDICTION USING DIF FEATURES
Creators: name: Dara Rajesh Babu, Prof. Bachala Sathyanarayana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Forecasting stock prices is a crucial aspect of informed financial decision-making and strategic investment planning. This research endeavors to elevate the precision of stock price predictions and decision-making by leveraging multilayered Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks with Dynamic Indicator (DI) features, as proposed by J. Huang et al. [2]. The study conducts a comparative analysis between the predictive performance of conventional LSTM models and the innovative incremental BiLSTM models as discussed by D.Rajesh et al. [6]. These models incorporate a comprehensive set of both fundamental and technical analysis parameters, aiming to enhance overall accuracy and provide robust decision support. The research conducted by Zhang R et al. [5] has predominantly centered on the utilization of fundamental parameters and technical parameters are highlighted by D.Rajesh et al. [3]. Additionally, we incorporated key indicators such as Relative Strength Index (RSI), Stochastic Oscillator, Price Rate of Change (ROC), and Average True Range (ATR), as these features have demonstrated potential in the accurate prediction of stock prices when employing LSTM models Binod Rimal et al. [8]. Despite the promising results, the inherent limitations of LSTM models in capturing intricate temporal dependencies have prompted the exploration of more advanced architectural frameworks. This paper introduces a novel methodology for developing Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model with DIF, as demonstrated for enhanced performance by Rishabh et al. [7], leveraging carefully chosen input variables. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed based on metrics such as Directional Accuracy, Hit Rate, and Quantile Loss. Experimental results reveal that the BiLSTM with DIF model outperforms the incremental BiLSTM model D.Rajesh et al. [6], demonstrating a superior fit to the data and achieving higher prediction accuracy.
title: The Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on Audiogenic Seizure Susceptibility and Brain Neurotransmitters in Magnasium Deficient Rats
Creators: name: Chaistitwanich, Rachaneeporn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: The effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on audiogenic seizure susceptibility and brain neurotransmitter were investigated in magnesium deficient rats. For 17 days, male weanling rats were fed magnesium deficient diets which also contained deficient (-), adequate (=}, and excess (+) amounts of calcium and/or phosphorus. Reduction of seizure incidence was seen in low calcium and/or low phosphorus diets. High calcium, and high calcium in combination with high phosphorus increased the severity of seizures. High calcium and low phosphorus, and high phosphorus and low calcium diets prevented seizuring. Most magnesium deficient diets resulted in elevation of serum phosphorus, calcium, and sodium concentrations. Within diet treatments, animals that seized had higher serum mineral concentrations than animals that failed to seize. Magnesium deficiency increased serotonin in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata and pons, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in cerebral cortex. There were no significant diet effects in brain neurotransmitter concentrations in the midbrain. Calcium seemed to play an important role in increasing both audiogenic seizure susceptibility and brain neurotransmitters. However, brain neurotransmitter levels were not related to seizure susceptibility. Calcium increased serum potassium and sodium concentrations and it increased brain serotonin concentration overall. Increasing dietary phosphorus levels increased serum phosphorus decreased serum calcium concentrations, but did not affect brain neurotransmitters.
Transient and oscillatory bioelectric potentials and their relation to automatic control mechanisms in plant roots
Creators: name: Jenkinson, IS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In all dynamic systems, whether physical or biological, in which interaction of a large number of variables occurs, the study of transient and oscillatory phenomena has in general facilitated the elucidation of the complex processes involved in such systems. The study of the animal nervous system is a classical example of this. In general oscillatory and transient phenomena indicate some instability in the rather delicate balance between different variables in a physiological system. The study of oscillations in the bioelectric potential pattern of bean roots has led to the conclusion that these are symptom of instability in a negative feedback system of control acting between certain physiological variables in the biological organ. From an investigation of this feedback osciliator considerable information about the interaction of these physiological variables has been revealed.
Peer-to-Peer Secure Multi-Party Numerical Computation
Creators: name: Bickson, Danny
name: Bezman, Genia
name: Dolev, Danny
name: Pinkas, Benny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.4

description: We propose an efficient framework for enabling secure multi-party numerical computations in a Peer-to-Peer network. This problem arises in a range of applications such as collaborative filtering, distributed computation of trust and reputation, monitoring and numerous other tasks, where the computing nodes would like to preserve the privacy of their inputs while performing a joint computation of a certain function. Although there is a rich literature in the field of distributed systems security concerning secure multi-party computation, in practice it is hard to deploy those methods in very large scale Peer-to-Peer networks. In this work, we examine several possible approaches and discuss their feasibility. Among the possible approaches, we identify a single approach which is both scalable and theoretically secure. An additional novel contribution is that we show how to compute the neighborhood based collaborative filtering, a state-of-the-art collaborative filtering algorithm, winner of the Netflix progress prize of the year 2007. Our solution computes this algorithm in a Peer-to-Peer network, using a privacy preserving computation, without loss of accuracy. Using extensive large scale simulations on top of real Internet topologies, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach. As far as we know, we are the first to implement such a large scale secure multi-party simulation of networks of millions of nodes and hundreds of millions of edges.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, appeared in the 8th IEEE Peer-to-Peer Computing, Aachen, Germany, Sept. 2008
Tunable electroresistance and electro-optic effects of transparent molecular ferroelectrics
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: 0912 Materials Engineering

description: Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved. Recent progress in molecular ferroelectrics (MOFEs) has been overshadowed by the lack of high-quality thin films for device integration. We report a water-based air-processable technique to prepare large-area MOFE thin films, controlled by supersaturation growth at the liquid-air interface under a temperature gradient and external water partial pressure. We used this technique to fabricate ImClO4 thin films and found a large, tunable room temperature electroresistance: a 20-fold resistance variation upon polarization switching. The as-grown films are transparent and consist of a bamboo-like structure of (2, 1-, 0) and (1, 0, 2-) structural variants of R3m symmetry with a reversible polarization of 6.7 μC/cm2. The resulting ferroelectric domain structure leads to a reversible electromechanical response of d33 = 38.8 pm/V. Polarization switching results in a change of the refractive index, n, of single domains, Δn/n = 0.3. The remarkable combination of these characteristics renders MOFEs a prime candidate material for new nanoelectronic devices. The information that we present in this work will open a new area of MOFE thin-film technologies.
Probabilities for jumping fault segment stepovers
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
name: Dieterich, James H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Plate tectonics

description: Seismic hazard analysis relies heavily on the segmentation of faults. The ability of ruptures to break multiple segments has a big impact on estimated hazard. Current practice for estimating multiple segment breakage relies on panels of experts voting on their opinions for each case. Here, we explore the probability of elastodynamic ruptures jumping segment stepovers in numerical simulations of segmented fault systems. We find a simple functional form for the probability of jumping a segment stepover as a function of stepover distance: an exponential falloff with distance. We suggest this simple parameterization of jumping probabilities, combined with sparse observational data to fix the length scale parameter, as a new approach to estimating multisegment earthquake hazard.
Lifetime prediction of composite materials
Creators: name: M. Kaminski
name: P. Paulmier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: fatigue, simulations, experiments, thermoset, thermoplast

description: Rear end structures are exposed to high vibration loads from rear mounted
 engines, therefore there is a need for structural (fuselage) fatigue studies.
 Provide a contribution to the mechanical characterization of aircraft
 composite rear end for rear mounted engine aircraft configurations
 (static, fatigue).
title: Effects of Micrococci on Improving Sensory Acceptability of Mutton Summer Sausage
Creators: name: Jung, Hoon
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: The effects of micrococci on sensory characteristics of different batches of summer sausages were determined. Sixty four salt-tolerant indigenous isolates were selected from beef or mutton treated with 1.5 or 3.0% sodium chloride and 120 ppm sodium nitrite, and held at 5 or 10 C for 5 days. These isolates (61/64) were identified as staphylococci and micrococci. Summer sausages were made from several lamb, ewe, and ram carcasses which were hand deboned and blended after grinding to contain 22% fat. Six summer sausage treatments were prepared using two different sources of commercial starter cultures including Micrococcus species or Micrococcus varians and Lactobacillus plantarum, an indigenous Micrococcus isolate, a microbial lipase, or encapsulated lactic acid.
Three sensory panel sessions rated these products for consumer acceptability. Sensory panel results indicated that starter culture treatments did not improve sensory characteristics of the summer sausage over the treatment containing encapsulated lactic acid. Lipase addition caused a general reduction in sensory panel ratings for flavor, texture, appearance, and overall acceptability of the summer sausage (p = 0.05).
Genomic timetree and historical biogeography of Caribbean island ameiva lizards (Pholidoscelis: Teiidae)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: anchored phylogenomics
BioGeoBEARs
dispersal extinction cladogenesis
divergence dating
greater antilles
lesser antilles
phylogenetics

description: © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Caribbean island ameivas (Pholidoscelis) are not well-known because of incomplete sampling, conflicting datasets, and poor support for many clades. Here, we use phylogenomic and mitochondrial DNA datasets to reconstruct a well-supported phylogeny and assess historical colonization patterns in the group. We obtained sequence data from 316 nuclear loci and one mitochondrial marker for 16 of 19 extant species of the Caribbean endemic genus Pholidoscelis. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using both concatenation and species tree approaches. To estimate divergence times, we used fossil teiids to calibrate a timetree which was used to elucidate the historical biogeography of these lizards. All phylogenetic analyses recovered four well-supported species groups (clades) recognized previously and supported novel relationships of those groups, including a (P. auberi + P. lineolatus) clade (western + central Caribbean), and a (P. exsul + P. plei) clade (eastern Caribbean). Divergence between Pholidoscelis and its sister clade was estimated to have occurred ~25 Ma, with subsequent diversification on Caribbean islands occurring over the last 11 Myr. Of the six models compared in the biogeographic analyses, the scenario which considered the distance among islands and allowed dispersal in all directions best fit the data. These reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of this group colonized either Hispaniola or Puerto Rico from Middle America. We provide a well-supported phylogeny of Pholidoscelis with novel relationships not reported in previous studies that were based on significantly smaller datasets. We propose that Pholidoscelis colonized the eastern Greater Antilles from Middle America based on our biogeographic analysis, phylogeny, and divergence time estimates. The closing of the Central American Seaway and subsequent formation of the modern Atlantic meridional overturning circulation may have promoted dispersal in this group.