cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Morphology and metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud using RRab stars
Creators: name: Deb, Sukanta
name: Singh, Harinder P.
name: Kumar, Subhash
name: Kanbur, Shashi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of three-dimensional structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The $V$- and $I$-band light curves of the fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars (RRab) obtained by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE)-III project were utilized in order to comprehend the SMC structure. The $[Fe/H]-P-ϕ_{31}$ relation of \citet{jurc96} is exploited to obtain the metallicities. From the three-dimensional RRab distance distributions, northeast (NE) arm and main body of the galaxy is identified. Combining metallicities with spatial distribution of these tracers, no radial metallicity gradient in the SMC has been detected. Dividing the entire sample into three parts: northeastern (NE), central and southwestern (SW), we find that the central part has a significantly larger line of sight depth as compared to rest of the parts, indicating that the SMC may have a bulge. Results obtained from the $I$-band data seem to be reliable and were further substantiated using the \citet{smol05} relation. Distribution of SMC RRab stars were modeled as a tri-axial ellipsoid. Errors in structural parameters of the SMC ellipsoid were obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. We estimated the axes ratios of the galaxy as $1.00\pm 0.000:1.310\pm 0.029:8.269\pm0.934$, the inclination of the longest axis with line of sight $i = 2^{\circ}.265\pm 0^{\circ}.784$, and the position angle of the line of nodes $θ_{\text{lon}}=74^{\circ}.307\pm 0^{\circ}.509$ from the variance weighted $I$-band determinations.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures and 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS main Journal on Feb 18, 2015
A Counter-Example to Karlin's Strong Conjecture for Fictitious Play
Creators: name: Daskalakis, Constantinos
name: Pan, Qinxuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fictitious play is a natural dynamic for equilibrium play in zero-sum games, proposed by [Brown 1949], and shown to converge by [Robinson 1951]. Samuel Karlin conjectured in 1959 that fictitious play converges at rate $O(1/\sqrt{t})$ with the number of steps $t$. We disprove this conjecture showing that, when the payoff matrix of the row player is the $n \times n$ identity matrix, fictitious play may converge with rate as slow as $Ω(t^{-1/n})$.
description: 55th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Effects of Chern-Simons gravity on bodies orbiting the Earth
Creators: name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Caldwell, R.R.
name: Kamionkowski, M.
name: Smith, T.L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2008

description: One of the possible low-energy consequences of string theory is the addition of a Chern-Simons term to the standard Einstein-Hilbert action of general relativity. It can be argued that the quintessence field should couple to this Chern-Simons term, and if so, it drives in the linearized theory a parity-violating interaction between the gravito-electric and gravitomagnetic fields. In this paper, the linearized spacetime for Chern-Simons gravity around a massive spinning body is found to include new modifications to the gravitomagnetic field that have not appeared in previous work. The orbits of test bodies and the precession of gyroscopes in this spacetime are calculated, leading to new constraints on the Chern-Simons parameter space due to current satellite experiments.
Modulation of sleep and activity in Drosophila: a systems biology approach. Genetics, pharmacology and high-throughput analysis of behaviour
Creators: name: Jones, Hannah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism which for the past 20 years has been employed in a variety of contexts to understand aspects of sleep, activity and more complex forms of behaviour. A challenge within the field of behaviour is how to accurately classify and quantify behaviours that arise from an organism when these behaviours are observed in different contexts. Technological advances have increased the availability of quantitative tools which can be used to examine activity and sleep behaviour. With the use of these tools, we can now answer new questions about the underlying mechanisms of behaviour in different conditions. In the thesis herein, I have examined activity and sleep behaviour in two different contexts, utilising some of these new technological tools, including a novel activity monitoring device and statistical classification techniques. In the first part of this thesis, I use this activity monitoring system to elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in homeostatic sleep behaviour. Specifically, I examine the effect of two different sleep deprivation methods on mated and virgin Drosophila females to examine their responses in terms of homeostatic sleep regulation. Using the same methodology and protocol, I then extend this work to exam- ine the role of the neuropeptide, Corazonin, and its receptor, the Corazonin receptor, in these contexts. In the second part of this thesis, I use the same activity monitor- ing system to record the behavioural responses of flies exposed to different insecticide compounds. I then use both a statistical classification technique and behavioural anal- ysis to attempt to classify these compounds based on their mode of action (MoA) and symptomology. Finally, I apply this methodology to answer other biological questions of interest, classifying both rebound sleep and flies with varying genotypes.
Additional file 8 of Daily routine disruptions and psychiatric symptoms amid COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 0.9 million individuals in 32 countries
Creators: name: Liu, Huinan
name: Tao, Tiffany Junchen
name: Chan, Selina Kit Yi
name: Ma, Jeremy Chi Him
name: Lau, Abby Yan Tung
name: Yeung, Ernest Tsun Fung
name: Hobfoll, Stevan E.
name: Hou, Wai Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 8: Supplementary Material 8. Publication bias statistics (53 studies, 51 independent samples).
How To Wissenstransfer. Ein Leitfaden für transdisziplinäre Forschungsprojekte
Creators: name: Neumann, Marie
name: Ehnert, Franziska
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: knowledge transfer
transdisciplinary
real-world laboratory
city of the future

description: In this project deliverable of the real-world laboratory "City of the Future Dresden" (dt.: Zukunftsstadt Dresden), we present our process and findings for fostering knowledge transfer.
description: Diesem Bericht zugrunde liegende Vorhaben wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung unter den Förderkennzeichen 13ZS0057A, 13ZS0057B und 13ZS0057C gefördert.
Classifying the satellite plane membership of Centaurus A's dwarf galaxies using orbital alignment constraints
Creators: name: Kanehisa, Kosuke Jamie
name: Pawlowski, Marcel S.
name: Müller, Oliver
name: Sohn, Sangmo Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flattened, possibly co-rotating plane of satellite galaxies around Centaurus A, if more than a fortuitous alignment, adds to the pre-existing tension between the well-studied Milky Way and M31 planes and the $Λ$CDM model of structure formation. It was recently reported that the Centaurus A satellite plane (CASP) may be rotationally supported, but a further understanding of the system's kinematics is elusive in the absence of full three-dimensional velocities. We constrain the transverse velocities of 27 satellites that would rotationally stabilise the Centaurus A plane, and classify the satellites by whether their possible orbits are consistent with the CASP. Five satellites are identified to be unlikely to participate in the plane, two of which are clearly non-members. Despite their previously reported line-of-sight velocity trend suggestive of a common co-rotating motion, 17 out of 22 potential CASP members are consistent with either orbital direction within both the full range of possible kinematics as well as when limiting orbits to those within the plane. On the other hand, disregarding the 5 off-plane satellites found to be inconsistent with CASP membership enhances the significance of the CASP's line-of-sight velocity trend fivefold. Our results are robust with different mass estimates of the Centaurus A halo, and the adoption of either spherical or triaxial NFW potentials.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Matrix integral expansion of colored Jones polynomials for figure-eight knot
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Alexander
name: Melnikov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we examine a possible extension of the matrix integral representation of knot invariants beyond the class of torus knots. In particular, we study a representation of the SU(2) quantum Racah coefficients by double matrix integrals. We find that the Racah coefficients are mapped to expansion coefficients in some basis of double integrals. The transformed coefficients have a number of interesting algebraic properties.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Constraints on the interactions between dark matter and baryons from the x-ray quantum calorimetry experiment
Creators: name: McGuire, P.C.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: McCammon, D.
name: Steinhardt, P.J.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2007

description: Although the rocket-based x-ray quantum calorimetry (XQC) experiment was designed for x-ray spectroscopy, the minimal shielding of its calorimeters, its low atmospheric overburden, and its low-threshold detectors make it among the most sensitive instruments for detecting or constraining strong interactions between dark matter particles and baryons. We use Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the precise limits the XQC experiment places on spin-independent interactions between dark matter and baryons, improving upon earlier analytical estimates. We find that the XQC experiment rules out a wide range of nucleon-scattering cross sections centered around 1 b for dark matter particles with masses between 0.01 and 105GeV. Our analysis also provides new constraints on cases where only a fraction of the dark matter strongly interacts with baryons.
Temporal News Frames and Judgment: The Hillary Clinton Email Scandal
Creators: name: Goss, Margaret
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Rhetoric

description: Many scholars have studied the framing of political figures in the news with a focus on how discourse about those figures is circulated through various mediums (Miller et al 1998;Parry-Giles 2000; Parry-Giles 2014). Building from this work my research explores moments in the ‘life’ of a single actor within a narrative unfolding over time, and the cumulative impact those moments have in shaping public impressions about that actor. Employing critical discourse methods and a granular intertextual approach on 510 news stories from the New York Times and Wall Street Journal from March 2015 to November 2016, I trace how Hillary Clinton was appraised during news coverage of her use/abuse of her private email server during her tenure as Secretary of State. To do so I rely heavily on the appraisal framework of linguists J.R. Martin and P.R. White’s (2005). My analysis identifies three critical discourse phases surrounding coverage of Clinton’s email server, with each phase defined by the revelation of new information and a spike in articles reporting on that information. The phases consist of 1) When it was firstreported that Clinton used a private email server as Secretary of State, 2) When the FBI opened their investigation into Clinton’s private email server use, and 3) When Clinton’s presidential campaign ended in November 2016. I show how the reporting in the aggregate creates a “swarm” of coverage that moves across phases from deference to implicit attacks that frame her actions ina suspicious light. Moreover, I show how implicit attacks, left unaddressed and unrepaired in one phase, may pave the way for others to adopt more explicit negative conclusions about Clinton’s character in a subsequent phase. While this study is mainly descriptive, I conclude by considering the extent to which this phenomenon may be gendered and propose future projects to study that question more centrally.
Additional file 1 of Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Yong
name: Wadey, Curtis A.
name: Barker, Alan R.
name: Williams, Craig A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. PRISMA 2020 Checklist.
Solar System constraints to general f(R) gravity
Creators: name: Chiba, T.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Smith, T.L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2007

description: It has been proposed that cosmic acceleration or inflation can be driven by replacing the Einstein-Hilbert action of general relativity with a function f(R) of the Ricci scalar R. Such f(R) gravity theories have been shown to be equivalent to scalar-tensor theories of gravity that are incompatible with Solar System tests of general relativity, as long as the scalar field propagates over Solar System scales. Specifically, the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameter in the equivalent scalar-tensor theory is γ=1/2, which is far outside the range allowed by observations. In response to a flurry of papers that questioned the equivalence of f(R) theory to scalar-tensor theories, it was recently shown explicitly, without resorting to the scalar-tensor equivalence, that the vacuum field equations for 1/R gravity around a spherically symmetric mass also yield γ=1/2. Here we generalize this analysis to f(R) gravity and enumerate the conditions that, when satisfied by the function f(R), lead to the prediction that γ=1/2.
Supermassive black hole merger rates: Uncertainties from halo merger theory
Creators: name: Kamionkowski, M.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Benson, A.J.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2006

description: The merger of two supermassive black holes is expected to produce a gravitational-wave signal detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The rate of supermassive-black-hole mergers is intimately connected to the halo merger rate, and the extended Press-Schechter (EPS) formalism is often employed when calculating the rate at which these events will be observed by LISA. This merger theory is flawed and provides two rates for the merging of the same pair of haloes. We show that the two predictions for the LISA supermassive-black-hole-merger event rate from EPS merger theory are nearly equal because mergers between haloes of similar masses dominate the event rate. An alternative merger rate may be obtained by inverting the Smoluchowski coagulation equation to find the merger rate that preserves the Press-Schechter halo abundance, but these rates are only available for power-law power spectra. We compare the LISA event rates derived from the EPS merger formalism to those derived from the merger rates obtained from the coagulation equation and find that the EPS LISA event rates are 30 per cent higher for a power spectrum spectral index that approximates the full A cold dark matter result of the EPS theory.
Dark Coincidences: Small-Scale Solutions with Refracted Gravity and MOND
Creators: name: Cesare, Valentina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativity and its Newtonian weak field limit are not sufficient to explain the observed phenomenology in the Universe, from the formation of large-scale structures to the dynamics of galaxies, with the only presence of baryonic matter. The most investigated cosmological model, the $Λ$CDM, accounts for the majority of observations by introducing two dark components, dark energy and dark matter, which represent $\sim$95% of the mass-energy budget of the Universe. Nevertheless, the $Λ$CDM model faces important challenges on the scale of galaxies. For example, some very tight relations between the properties of dark and baryonic matters in disk galaxies, such as the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR), the mass discrepancy-acceleration relation (MDAR), and the radial acceleration relation (RAR), which see the emergence of the acceleration scale $a_0 \simeq 1.2 \times 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$, cannot be intuitively explained by the CDM paradigm, where cosmic structures form through a stochastic merging process. An even more outstanding coincidence is due to the fact that the acceleration scale $a_0$, emerging from galaxy dynamics, also seems to be related to the cosmological constant $Λ$. Another challenge is provided by dwarf galaxies, which are darker than what is expected in their innermost regions. These pieces of evidence can be more naturally explained, or sometimes even predicted, by modified theories of gravity, that do not introduce any dark fluid. I illustrate possible solutions to these problems with the modified theory of gravity MOND, which departs from Newtonian gravity for accelerations smaller than $a_0$, and with Refracted Gravity, a novel classical theory of gravity introduced in 2016, where the modification of the law of gravity is instead regulated by a density scale.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, published on 16th January 2023 in Universe 2023, 9(1), 56, in the Special Issue "Modified Gravity and Dark Matter at the Scale of Galaxies"; accepted for publication on 12th January 2023
Spatially extended and high-velocity dispersion molecular component in spiral galaxies: single-dish vs. interferometric observations
Creators: name: Caldu-Primo, Anahi
name: Schruba, Andreas
name: Walter, Fabian
name: Leroy, Adam
name: Bolatto, Alberto D.
name: Vogel, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies of the molecular medium in nearby galaxies have provided mounting evidence that the molecular gas can exist in two phases: one that is clumpy and organized as molecular clouds and another one that is more diffuse. This last component has a higher velocity dispersion than the clumpy one. In order to investigate these two molecular components further, we compare the fluxes and line widths of CO in NGC 4736 and NGC 5055, two nearby spiral galaxies for which high-quality interferometric as well as single-dish data sets are available. Our analysis leads to two main results: 1) Employing three different methods, we determine the flux recovery of the interferometer as compared to the single-dish to be within a range of 35-74% for NGC4736 and 81-92% for NGC5055, and 2) when focusing on high (SNR>5) lines of sight, the single-dish line widths are larger by ~(40+-20)% than the ones derived from interferometric data; which is in agreement with stacking all lines of sight. These results point to a molecular gas component that is distributed over spatial scales larger than 30"(~1kpc), and is therefore filtered out by the interferometer. The available observations do not allow us to distinguish between a truly diffuse gas morphology and a uniform distribution of small clouds that are separated by less than the synthesized beam size (~3" or ~100pc), as they would both be invisible for the interferometer. This high velocity dispersion component has a dispersion similar to what is found in the atomic medium, as traced through observations of the HI line.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, Accepted to AJ
Solar system tests do rule out 1/R gravity
Creators: name: Smith, T.L.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Kamionkowski, M.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2006

description: Shortly after the addition of a 1/R term to the Einstein-Hilbert action was proposed as a solution to the cosmic-acceleration puzzle, Chiba showed that such a theory violates Solar System tests of gravity. A flurry of recent papers have called Chiba's result into question. They argue that the spherically-symmetric vacuum spacetime in this theory is the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution, making this theory consistent with Solar System tests. We point out that although the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution exists in this theory, it is not the unique spherically-symmetric vacuum solution, and it is not the solution that describes the spacetime in the Solar System. The solution that correctly matches onto the stellar-interior solution differs from Schwarzschild-de Sitter in a way consistent with Chiba's claims. Thus, 1/R gravity is ruled out by Solar System tests.
Additional file 2 of Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Yong
name: Wadey, Curtis A.
name: Barker, Alan R.
name: Williams, Craig A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Magnetization reversal behavior in complex shaped Co nanowires: a nanomagnet morphology optimization
Creators: name: Zighem, Fatih
name: Mercone, Silvana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic micromagnetic study of the morphological characteristic effects over the magnetic static properties of Co-based complex shaped nanowires is presented. The relevance of each characteristic size (i.e. length L, diameter d, and size of the nanowires head T) and their critical values are discussed in the coercive field optimization goal. Our results strongly confirms that once the aspect ratio (L/d) of the nanowire is bigger than around 10, the length is no more the pertinent parameter and instead the internal diameter and the shape of the nanowires play a key role. We attribute this behavior to the non uniform distribution of the demagnetizing field which is localized in the nanowires head and acts as a nucleation point for the incoherent magnetization reversal. Finally, angular dependence of the magnetization are simulated and compared to the case of a prolate spheroid for all considered morphologies.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Predictions on the stellar-to-halo mass relation in the dwarf regime using the empirical model for galaxy formation EMERGE
Creators: name: O'Leary, Joseph A.
name: Steinwandel, Ulrich P.
name: Moster, Benjamin P.
name: Martin, Nicolas
name: Naab, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the primary goals when studying galaxy formation is to understand how the luminous component of the Universe, galaxies, relates to the growth of structure which is dominated by the gravitational collapse of dark matter haloes. The stellar-to-halo mass relation probes how galaxies occupy dark matter haloes and what that entails for their star formation history. We deliver the first self-consistent empirical model that can place constraints on the stellar-to-halo mass relation down to log stellar mass $\log_{10}(m^*/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) \leq 5.0$ by fitting our model directly to Local Group dwarf data. This is accomplished by penalising galaxy growth in late-forming, low-mass haloes by mimicking the effects of reionization. This process serves to regulate the number density of galaxies by altering the scatter in halo peak mass $M^{\mathrm{peak}}_{h}$ at fixed stellar mass, creating a tighter scatter than would otherwise exist without a high-$z$ quenching mechanism. Our results indicate that the previously established double-power law stellar-to-halo mass relation can be extended to include galaxies with $\log_{10}(M^{\mathrm{peak}}_{\mathrm{h}}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot})\gtrsim 10.0$. Furthermore, we show that haloes with $\log_{10}(M^{\mathrm{peak}}_{\mathrm{h}}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot})\lesssim 9.3$ by $z=4$ are unlikely to host a galaxy with $\log_{10}(m^*/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) > 5.0$.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Deep Learning Pipeline for Automated Visual Moth Monitoring: Insect Localization and Species Classification
Creators: name: Korsch, Dimitri
name: Bodesheim, Paul
name: Denzler, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biodiversity monitoring is crucial for tracking and counteracting adverse trends in population fluctuations. However, automatic recognition systems are rarely applied so far, and experts evaluate the generated data masses manually. Especially the support of deep learning methods for visual monitoring is not yet established in biodiversity research, compared to other areas like advertising or entertainment. In this paper, we present a deep learning pipeline for analyzing images captured by a moth scanner, an automated visual monitoring system of moth species developed within the AMMOD project. We first localize individuals with a moth detector and afterward determine the species of detected insects with a classifier. Our detector achieves up to 99.01% mean average precision and our classifier distinguishes 200 moth species with an accuracy of 93.13% on image cutouts depicting single insects. Combining both in our pipeline improves the accuracy for species identification in images of the moth scanner from 79.62% to 88.05%.
Existence of weak solutions for Cahn-Hilliard systems coupled with elasticity and damage
Creators: name: Heinemann, Christian
name: Kraus, Christiane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K85, 49J40, 74C10, 82C26, 35J50, 35K35, 35K55

description: A typical phase field approach for describing phase separation and coarsening phenomena in alloys is the Cahn-Hilliard model. This model has been generalized to the so-called Cahn-Larché system by combining it with elasticity to capture non-neglecting deformation phenomena, which occur during phase separation and coarsening processes in the material. In order to account for damage effects, we extend the existing framework of Cahn-Hilliard and Cahn-Larché systems by incorporating an internal damage variable of local character. This damage variable allows to model the effect that damage of a material point is influenced by its local surrounding. The damage process is described by a unidirectional rate-dependent evolution inclusion for the internal variable. For the introduced Cahn-Larché systems coupled with rate-dependent damage processes, we establish a suitable notion of weak solutions and prove existence of weak solutions.
Additional file 3 of Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Yong
name: Wadey, Curtis A.
name: Barker, Alan R.
name: Williams, Craig A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Exclusion details for the initial search and updated search.
New Industrial Crops: Some Economic Considerations
Creators: name: Trotter, Warren K.
name: Poats, Frederick J.
name: Wolff, Ivan A.
name: Trotter, Warren K.
name: Poats, Frederick J.
name: Wolff, Ivan A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Preliminary evaluations were made of the economic potentials of three types of new industrial crops: (1) annual pulp crops to provide raw material for the pulp and paper industry, (2) new oilseed crops that are sources of unique industrial oils, and (3) guar—a summer legume and source of natural gum. In these preliminary studies considerable emphasis was placed on the selection and adaptation of techniques for appraising economic factors involved in the development and commercialization of new crops.
HOTAGOGIA AMONG EDUCATIONAL LEADERS AT JORDANIAN UNIVERSITIES: SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND STIMULATION
Creators: name: Dr. TAHANI IBRAHIM AL-ALI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Hotagogia, educational leaders, Jordanian universities

description: Abstract
The study's objective was to identify the theologies of educational leaders at Jordanian institutions and make suggestions for activating and improving them. Twenty faculty members from Jordanian universities were interviewed as part of the study's qualitative methodology. The findings of these interviews revealed that the educational leaders made five recommendations to enhance and enliven their theologies at Jordanian institutions. These included implementing measures to enhance the fundamental competencies and untapped potential of all educational administrators in the university-based educational system, implementing cutting-edge techniques, and emphasizing the significance of ability and self-discovery. The principle of Hotagogia is intended to be used by educational leaders as one of the modern learning methods. Jordanian universities give educational leaders the freedom to learn by selecting the method that is best for them, and they aim to spread the culture of Hotagogia among educational leaders and all employees in Jordanian universities. More research on Hotagogia should be done in Jordanian universities, and it should be linked to other factors, according to the study's recommendations.
Zukunft visionieren. Wie das Zukunftsbild für die Zukunftsstadt Dreden erstellt wurde
Creators: name: Jannack, Anja
name: Neumann, Marie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Co-Creation
real-world laboratory
transdisciplinary research
city of the future

description: The the real-world laboratory "City of the Future Dresden" started with a co-creational visioniong process with the citizens of Dresden. This project deliverable illustrates the process and its different formats.
description: Diesem Bericht zugrunde liegende Vorhaben wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung unter den Förderkennzeichen 13ZS0057A, 13ZS0057B und 13ZS0057C gefördert.
Eddington accreting Black Holes in the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Fontanot, Fabio
name: Cristiani, Stefano
name: Grazian, Andrea
name: Haardt, Francesco
name: D'Odorico, Valentina
name: Boutsia, Konstantina
name: Calderone, Giorgio
name: Cupani, Guido
name: Guarneri, Francesco
name: Fiorin, Chiara
name: Rodighiero, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the luminosity function (LF) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) at $z \gtrsim 5$ represents a key constraint to understand their contribution to the ionizing photon budget necessary to trigger the last phase transition in the Universe, i.e. the epoch of Reionization. Recent searches for bright high-z AGNs suggest that the space densities of this population at $z>4$ has to be revised upwards, and sparks new questions about their evolutionary paths. Gas accretion is the key physical mechanism to understand both the distribution of luminous sources and the growth of central Super-Massive Black Holes (SMBHs). In this work, we model the high-z AGN-LF assuming that high-z luminous AGN shine at their Eddington limit: we derive the expected evolution as a function of the ``duty-cycle'' ($f_{\rm dc}$), i.e. the fraction of life-time that a given SMBH spends accreting at the Eddington rate. Our results show that intermediate values ($f_{\rm dc} \simeq 0.1$) predict the best agreement with the ionizing background and photoionization rate, but do not provide enough ionizing photons to account for the observed evolution of the hydrogen neutral fraction. Smaller values ($f_{\rm dc} \lesssim 0.05$) are required for AGNs to be the dominant population responsible for Hydrogen reionization in the Early Universe. We then show that this low-$f_{\rm dc}$ evolution can be reconciled with the current constraints on Helium reionization, although it implies a relatively large number of inactive SMBHs at $z\gtrsim5$, in tension with SMBH growth models based on heavy seeding.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS accepted
Additional file 4 of Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Yong
name: Wadey, Curtis A.
name: Barker, Alan R.
name: Williams, Craig A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Study characteristics.
The internal metallicity distributions of simulated galaxies from EAGLE, Illustris, and IllustrisTNG at z=1.8-4 as probed by Gamma Ray Burst hosts
Creators: name: Metha, Benjamin
name: Trenti, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars are thought to be progenitors of Long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), most likely with a bias favouring low metallicity progenitors. Because galaxies do not have a constant metallicity throughout, the combination of line-of-sight absorption metallicity inferred from GRB afterglow spectroscopy and of host galaxy global metallicity derived from emission lines diagnostics represents a powerful way to probe both the bias function for GRB progenitors, and the chemical inhomogeneities across star forming regions. In this study, we predict the relationship between Zabs and Zem using three different hydrodynamical cosmological simulations: Illustris, EAGLE, and IllustrisTNG. We find that while the qualitative shape of the curve relating emission versus absorption metallicity remains the same, the predicted relationship between these two observables is significantly different between the simulations. Using data for the host galaxy of GRB121024A for which both Zabs and Zem have been measured, we find marginal support for the Illustris simulation as producing the most-realistic internal metallicity distributions within star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon. Overall, all simulations predict similar properties for the bulk of the GRB host galaxy population, but each has distinct features in the tail of the Zabs-Zem distribution that in principle allow to discriminate between models if a sufficiently large sample of observations are available (i.e. N>11 on average). Substantial progress is expected in the near future, with upcoming JWST/NIRspec observations of 10 GRB host galaxies for which absorption metallicity from the afterglow spectra exists.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, including appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Black hole and nuclear cluster scaling relations: M_bh ~ M_nc^{2.7+/-0.7}
Creators: name: Graham, Alister W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a growing array of supermassive black hole and nuclear star cluster scaling relations with their host spheroid, including a bent (black hole mass)-(host spheroid mass) M_bh-M_sph relation and different (massive compact object mass)-(host spheroid velocity dispersion) M_mco-sigma relations for black holes and nuclear star clusters. By combining the observed M_bh ~ sigma^(5.5) relation with the observed M_nc ~ sigma^(1.6--2.7) relation, we derive the expression M_bh ~ (M_nc)^(2--3.4), which should hold until the nuclear star clusters are eventually destroyed in the larger core-Sersic spheroids. This new mass scaling relation helps better quantify the rapid evolutionary growth of massive black holes in dense star clusters, and the relation is consistently recovered when coupling the observed M_nc ~ (M_sph)^(0.6--1.0) relation with the recently observed quadratic relation M_bh ~ (M_sph)^2 for Sersic spheroids.
description: Invited talk. IAU Symposium 312, "Star Clusters and Black Holes in Galaxies across Cosmic Time", eds. F.Liu and R.Spurzem. 5 conference-sized pages
3D simulations of linearized scalar fields in Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, H.P.
name: Kidder, L.E.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Burko, L.M.
name: Teukolsky, S.A.
name: Scheel, M.A.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2004

description: We investigate the behavior of a dynamical scalar field on a fixed Kerr background in Kerr-Schild coordinates
using a ~311!-dimensional spectral evolution code, and we measure the power-law tail decay that occurs
at late times. We compare evolutions of initial data proportional to f (r)Y,m(u ,f), where Y,m is a spherical
harmonic and (r,u ,f) are Kerr-Schild coordinates, to that of initial data proportional to f (rBL)Y,m(u BL ,f),
where (rBL ,u BL) are Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. We find that although these two cases are initially almost
identical, the evolution can be quite different at intermediate times; however, at late times the power-law decay
rates are equal.
Learning strategies for improving neural networks for image segmentation under class imbalance
Creators: name: Li, Zeju
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis aims to improve convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image segmentation under class imbalance, which is referred to the problem of training dataset when the class distributions are unequal. We particularly focus on medical image segmentation because of its imbalanced nature and clinical importance. Based on our observations of model behaviour, we argue that CNNs cannot generalize well on imbalanced segmentation tasks, mainly because of two counterintuitive reasons. CNNs are prone to overfit the under-represented foreground classes as it would memorize the regions of interest (ROIs) in the training data because they are so rare. Besides, CNNs could underfit the heterogenous background classes as it is difficult to learn from the samples with diverse and complex characteristics. Those behaviours of CNNs are not limited to specific loss functions. To address those limitations, firstly we propose novel asymmetric variants of popular loss functions and regularization techniques, which are explicitly designed to increase the variance of foreground samples to counter overfitting under class imbalance. Secondly we propose context label learning (CoLab) to tackle background underfitting by automatically decomposing the background class into several subclasses. This is achieved by optimizing an auxiliary task generator to generate context labels such that the main network will produce good ROIs segmentation performance. Then we propose a meta-learning based automatic data augmentation framework which builds a balance of foreground and background samples to alleviate class imbalance. Specifically, we learn class-specific training-time data augmentation (TRA) and jointly optimize TRA and test-time data augmentation (TEA) effectively aligning training and test data distribution for better generalization. Finally, we explore how to estimate model performance under domain shifts when trained with imbalanced dataset. We propose class-specific variants of existing confidence-based model evaluation methods which adapts separate parameters per class, enabling class-wise calibration to reduce model bias towards the minority classes.
Progress Rural and Urban Students Entering Iowa State University, Fall 1955
Creators: name: Folkman, William S.
name: Folkman, William S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Excerpt from the report Summary: This report presents results of a study of the 2,200 students entering college for the first time who enrolled at Iowa State University in the fall of 1955. Data are taken from the university records of these students from the time of entrance through the fall quarter, 1959. Two-fifths of the students were from rural areas and males outnumbered females 3 to 1. Most of the students came to college directly from high school. However, 15 percent had delayed at least one year after high school graduation before entering college. Rural students rated slightly above their urban classmates on their high school grade-point average and on their percentile rank in high school graduating class. However, they fell considerably below the urban students in the college entrance examination. One-fifth of the students entered college with a deficiency in required high school credits or were allowed to enter only on probation because of inadequacies in their high school performance. The proportion of rural students entering with deficiencies was twice as high as the proportion of urban students. However, urban students had a slightly higher proportion entering on probation.

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: This report presents results of a study of the 2,200 students entering college for the first time who enrolled at Iowa State University in the fall of 1955. Data are taken from the university records of these students from the time of entrance through the fall quarter, 1959. Two-fifths of the students were from rural areas and males outnumbered females 3 to 1. Most of the students came to college directly from high school. However, 15 percent had delayed at least one year after high school graduation before entering college. Rural students rated slightly above their urban classmates on their high school grade-point average and on their percentile rank in high school graduating class. However, they fell considerably below the urban students in the college entrance examination. One-fifth of the students entered college with a deficiency in required high school credits or were allowed to enter only on probation because of inadequacies in their high school performance. The proportion of rural students entering with deficiencies was twice as high as the proportion of urban students. However, urban students had a slightly higher proportion entering on probation.
Additional file 5 of Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Yong
name: Wadey, Curtis A.
name: Barker, Alan R.
name: Williams, Craig A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Fig S1. Risk of bias assessment for cardiorespiratory fitness. Fig S2. Risk of bias assessment for body composition. Fig S3. Risk of bias assessment for muscular fitness.
A comparative study of oral health attitudes and behaviour using the Hiroshima University - Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) between dental students in Britain and China.
Creators: name: Kwan, S.Y.
name: Hu, D.Y.
name: Kajiwara, K.
name: Kawamura, M.
name: Sasahara, H.
name: Komabayashi, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The aim of this study was to compare oral health attitudes and behaviour between British and Chinese dental students. A cross-national survey using the Hiroshima University - Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) was completed at the University of Leeds in Britain and West China University of Medical Sciences in China. In Britain and China, 192 of 266 and 180 of 303 dental students answered English and Chinese versions of the HU-DBI questionnaire, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by logistic regression and the following results were obtained: 1) Self-reported gingival bleeding was more prevalent in Chinese students than in British students, although the number of students who had professional oral hygiene instruction was higher in China than in Britain; 2) 29% of Chinese students believed wearing dentures in old age was inevitable, whereas 7% of British students believed so; 3) Chinese students were substantially more concerned about the appearance of their teeth, gums and halitosis; and 4) 54% of Chinese students seek dental care only when symptoms arise, as compared to 13% of British students. In conclusion, bilateral comparison of countries using HU-DBI revealed interesting differences in oral health attitudes and behaviour, while the logistic regression model made it possible to differentiate British from Chinese students with a probability of nearly 95%.
An increase in black hole activity in galaxies with kinematically misaligned gas
Creators: name: Raimundo, Sandra I.
name: Malkan, Matthew
name: Vestergaard, Marianne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: External accretion events such as a galaxy merger or the accretion of gas from the immediate environment of a galaxy, can create a large misalignment between the gas and the stellar kinematics. Numerical simulations have suggested that misaligned structures may promote the inflow of gas to the nucleus of the galaxy and the accretion of gas by the central supermassive black hole. We show for the first time that galaxies with a strong misalignment between the ionised gas and stellar kinematic angles have a higher observed fraction of active black holes than galaxies with aligned rotation of gas and stars. The increase in black hole activity suggests that the process of formation and/or presence of misaligned structures is connected with the fuelling of active supermassive black holes.
description: To be published in Nature Astronomy on 19 January 2023. Authors' version
Costs of Crop Production, by Size of Farm, Central Cotton-Tobacco Area of North Carolina
Creators: name: Chumney, W. T.
name: Vermeer, James
name: Chumney, W. T.
name: Vermeer, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Costs per pound of producing tobacco in 1956 were 16 percent lower on large farms in the central cotton-tobacco area of North Carolina than on small farms in the same area, and for cotton they were 20 percent lower on the large farms. Costs of producing corn were more than 40 percent lower and costs of producing soybeans, oats, and wheat were more than 50 percent lower on the large farms. Costs of producing cotton, tobacco, and corn were lowest on the large single-unit farms; costs of producing soybeans, oats, and wheat were lowest on large multiple-unit farms (farms with croppers). These conclusions are based on a study of 267 farms selected at random and surveyed in 1957. The cost estimates exclude charges for land and management, but they include charges for all labor at wage rates paid to hired labor.