cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Group versus Individual Preferences for Risk: An Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Group Composition
Creators: name: Brady, Michael P.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Brady, Michael P.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Wu, Steven Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Greater attention has been paid to understanding differences between individual and group decision-making in economics in recent years. While great strides have been made in understanding the relative cognitive ability of each, differences in preferences are less well understood. This study examined preferences for risk individually and in groups of two. Results show that a majority of groups act according to the preferences of one of the two pair members. This is not a result emphasized in previous social psychology research on groups. Thus, we propose a new explanation of group decision making based on strength of preference.
Gauss-Bonnet dark energy
Creators: name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
name: Odintsov, Sergei D.
name: Sasaki, Misao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the Gauss-Bonnet dark energy model inspired by string/M-theory where standard gravity with scalar contains additional scalar-dependent coupling with Gauss-Bonnet invariant. It is demonstrated that effective phantom (or quintessence) phase of late universe may occur in the presence of such term when the scalar is phantom or for non-zero potential (for canonical scalar). However, with the increase of the curvature the GB term may become dominant so that phantom phase is transient and $w=-1$ barrier may be passed. Hence, the current acceleration of the universe may be caused by mixture of scalar phantom and (or) potential/stringy effects. It is remarkable that scalar-Gauss-Bonnet coupling acts against the Big Rip occurence in phantom cosmology.
description: LaTeX file, 9 pages, some revision/errors corrected
In welchem Sinn bedeutet die dritte Vollversammlung in Neu-Delhi einen Fortschritt der ökumenischen Bewegung?
Creators: name: Küppers, Werner
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 1 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 1
Coronal-Jet-Producing Minifilament Eruptions as a Possible Source of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Switchbacks
Creators: name: Sterling, Alphonse C.
name: Moore, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) has observed copious rapid magnetic field direction changes in the near-Sun solar wind. These features have been called "switchbacks," and their origin is a mystery. But their widespread nature suggests that they may be generated by a frequently occurring process in the Sun's atmosphere. We examine the possibility that the switchbacks originate from coronal jets. Recent work suggests that many coronal jets result when photospheric magnetic flux cancels, and forms a small-scale "minifilament" flux rope that erupts and reconnects with coronal field. We argue that the reconnected erupting minifilament flux rope can manifest as an outward propagating Alfvénic fluctuation that steepens into an increasingly compact disturbance as it moves through the solar wind. Using previous observed properties of coronal jets that connect to coronagraph-observed white-light jets (a.k.a. "narrow CMEs"), along with typical solar wind speed values, we expect the coronal-jet-produced disturbances to traverse near-perihelion PSP in ~<25 min, with a velocity of ~400 km/s. To consider further the plausibility of this idea, we show that a previously studied series of equatorial latitude coronal jets, originating from the periphery of an active region, generate white-light jets in the outer corona (seen in STEREO/COR2 coronagraph images; 2.5---15 R_sun), and into the inner heliosphere (seen in STEREO/Hi1 heliospheric imager images; 15---84 R_sun). Thus it is tenable that disturbances put onto open coronal magnetic field lines by coronal-jet-producing erupting minifilament flux ropes can propagate out to PSP space and appear as switchbacks.
A synthesized approach for estimating liquefaction-induced displacements of geotechnical structures
Creators: name: Beaty, Michael Hugh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Liquefaction has caused many failures of buildings, bridges, and dams during earthquakes. Damage is caused by the soil displacements that follow the initiation of liquefaction. The potential for liquefaction-induced failures in seismic areas is a widespread concern since many structures were built when liquefaction and its effects were not well understood. Damage observed in a number of earthquakes, including 1971 San Fernando, 1989 Loma Prieta, and 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu (Kobe), has prompted a re-examination of a number of these structures. Many are being retrofitted at great expense. A key factor in such examinations is the magnitude and pattern of displacements arising from soil liquefaction. A total stress dynamic approach is presented for estimating these displacements from seismically induced liquefaction. The approach is derived from widely accepted assumptions for evaluation of liquefaction triggering, flow slide potential, and limited displacements. These different evaluations are combined into a single analysis while eliminating some of the inherent simplifications in current procedures. An explicit finite difference model is used with the earthquake motion applied to the base. Triggering of liquefaction in each element is continuously assessed by weighting each cycle of shear stress. Postliquefaction stiffness and strength properties are assigned to an element when sufficient cycles of shear stress have accumulated. Elements continue to liquefy and respond to inertia loads as the shaking proceeds, causing the displacements to increase with the duration of shaking. The proposed method is used to evaluate case histories and geotechnical structures. The approach is found to give reasonable predictions of displacements. The importance of various input parameters is investigated. Both residual strength and the character of the earthquake motion are found to be critical variables. Limitations of the method are also reviewed. The desirability of using a more fundamental and complex effective stress model to supplement this total stress approach is discussed. Such a combination of analyses may help identify key characteristics of the liquefaction response, particularly when the flow of pore water is a potential concern.
Deep Stock Predictions
Creators: name: Doshi, Akash
name: Issa, Alexander
name: Sachdeva, Puneet
name: Rafati, Sina
name: Rakshit, Somnath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Forecasting stock prices can be interpreted as a time series prediction problem, for which Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks are often used due to their architecture specifically built to solve such problems. In this paper, we consider the design of a trading strategy that performs portfolio optimization using the LSTM stock price prediction for four different companies. We then customize the loss function used to train the LSTM to increase the profit earned. Moreover, we propose a data driven approach for optimal selection of window length and multi-step prediction length, and consider the addition of analyst calls as technical indicators to a multi-stack Bidirectional LSTM strengthened by the addition of Attention units. We find the LSTM model with the customized loss function to have an improved performance in the training bot over a regressive baseline such as ARIMA, while the addition of analyst call does improve the performance for certain datasets.
XMM-Newton view of PKS 2155-304: hardness ratio and cross-correlation analysis of EPIC pn observations
Creators: name: Zhang, Y. H.
name: Treves, A.
name: Maraschi, L.
name: Bai, J. M.
name: Liu, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With currently available XMM-Newton EPIC pn observations spanned over about 3 years, we present a detailed spectral and temporal variability of the 0.2--10 keV X-ray emission from the X-ray bright BL Lac object PKS 2155-304. The spectral variability is examined with a model independent hardness ratio method. We find that the spectral evolution of the source follows the light curves well, indicating that the spectra harden when the fluxes increase. The plots of hardness ratios versus count rates show that the spectral changes are particularly significant during flares. The cross-correlation functions (CCFs) show that the light curves in the different energy bands are well correlated at different time lags. The CCF peaks (i.e., the maximum correlation coefficients) tend to become smaller with larger energy differences, and the variability in the different energy bands are more correlated for the flares than for the other cases. In most cases the higher energy band variations lead the lower energy band, but in two cases we observed the opposite behavior that the lower energy variability possibly leads the higher energy variability. The time lags increase with the energy differences between the two cross-correlated light curves. The maximum lag is found to be up to about one hour, in support with the findings obtained with previous low Earth orbit X-ray missions. We discuss our results in the context of the particle acceleration, cooling and light crossing timescales.
description: Accepted by ApJ
What should we understand by the four-momentum of physical system?
Creators: name: Fedosin, Sergey G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that in curved spacetime none of the known definitions of four-momentum correspond to the definition, in which all the system particles and fields, including fields outside matter, make an explicit contribution to the four-momentum. This drawback can be eliminated under the assumption that the primary representation of four-momentum is the sum of two nonlocal four-vectors of the integral type with covariant indices. The first of these four-vectors is the generalized four-momentum, found with the help of Lagrangian density. The second four-vector is the four-momentum of fields themselves, and its time component is related to the energy given by tensor invariants. The standard approach makes it possible to find the four-momentum in covariant form only for a free point particle. In contrast, the obtained formulas for calculating the four-momentum components are applied to a stationary and moving relativistic uniform system, consisting of many particles. In this case, the main fields of the system under consideration are taken into account, including the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, the acceleration field and the pressure field. The formalism used includes the principle of least action, charged and neutral four-currents, corresponding four-potentials and field tensors, which ensures unification and the possibility of combining fields into a single interaction. The calculation of the integral vector components shows that the so-called integral vector is not equal to four-momentum and is not a four-vector at all, although it is conserved in a closed system. Thus, the four-momentum cannot be found with the help of an integral vector and components of the system stress-energy tensor, in contrast to how it is assumed in the general theory of relativity.
description: 79 pages
A Study of the Near-Ultraviolet Spectrum of Vega
Creators: name: García-Gil, Alejandro
name: López, Ramón J. García
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Hubeny, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: UV, optical, and near-IR spectra of Vega have been combined to test our understanding of stellar atmospheric opacities, and to examine the possibility of constraining chemical abundances from low-resolution UV fluxes. We have carried out a detailed analysis assuming Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) to identify the most important contributors to the UV continuous opacity: H, H$^{-}$, C I, and Si II. Our analysis also assumes that Vega is spherically symmetric and its atmosphere is well described with the plane parallel approximation. Comparing observations and computed fluxes we have been able to discriminate between two different flux scales that have been proposed, the IUE-INES and the HST scales, favoring the latter. The effective temperature and angular diameter derived from the analysis of observed optical and near-UV spectra are in very good agreement with previous determinations based on different techniques. The silicon abundance is poorly constrained by the UV observations of the continuum and strong lines, but the situation is more favorable for carbon and the abundances inferred from the UV continuum and optical absorption lines are in good agreement. Some spectral intervals in the UV spectrum of Vega that the calculations do not reproduce well are likely affected by deviations from LTE, but we conclude that our understanding of UV atmospheric opacities is fairly complete for early A-type stars.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, to be published in ApJ
Linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of a model polymer melt: Molecular Dynamics and Rouse Modes analysis
Creators: name: Vladkov, Mihail
name: Barrat, J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we determine the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of a model polymer melt in the unentangled regime. Several approaches are compared for the computation of linear moduli, including Green-Kubo and non equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). An alternative approach, based on the use of the Rouse modes, is also discussed. This approach could be used to assess local viscoelastic properties in inhomogeneous systems. We also focus on the contributions of different interactions to the viscoelastic moduli and explain the microscopic mechanisms involved in the mechanical response of the melt to external sollicitation.
WTP and WTA for Non-GM and GM Food: UK Consumers
Creators: name: Moon, Wanki
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Moon, Wanki
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
name: Rimal, Arbindra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: contingent valuation
subject: WTA
subject: WTP
subject: genetically modified food
subject: endowment effect
subject: prospect theory

description: In a survey of UK consumers, we elicited their willingness-to-accept (WTA) a discount for GM foods and willingness-to-pay (WTP) a premium for non-GM foods in order to assess their valuation of the non-GM characteristic in food products. Mean WTA exceeds mean WTP, a finding that suggests the valuation of the non-GM characteristic reflects an endowment effect, imperfect substitutability between GM and non-GM foods, or both. Regression results show that perceived risks (benefits) associated with GM foods significantly increase (decrease) WTA and WTP estimates. Additional regression models using the difference between WTA and WTP as the dependent variable indicate that risk (benefit) perceptions increased (decreased) the discrepancy between WTA and WTP estimates. The role of risk perceptions in explaining this discrepancy is congruent with consumers' propensity toward loss aversion as predicted by the endowment effect hypothesis and prospect theory.
Student difficulties with the corrections to the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom for the intermediate field Zeeman effect
Creators: name: Marshman, Emily
name: Keebaugh, Christof
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an investigation of student difficulties with the corrections to the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom for the intermediate field Zeeman effect using the degenerate perturbation theory. The investigation was carried out in advanced quantum mechanics courses by administering free-response and multiple-choice questions and conducting individual interviews with students. We find that students share many common difficulties related to relevant physics concepts. In particular, students often struggled with mathematical sense-making in this context of quantum mechanics which requires interpretation of the implications of degeneracy in the unperturbed energy spectrum and how the Zeeman perturbation will impact the splitting of the energy levels. We discuss how the common difficulties often arise from the fact that applying linear algebra concepts correctly in this context with degeneracy in the energy spectrum is challenging for students.
description: Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings
Universal Vector Neural Machine Translation With Effective Attention
Creators: name: Mylapore, Satish
name: Paul, Ryan Quincy
name: Yi, Joshua
name: Slater, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural Machine Translation (NMT) leverages one or more trained neural networks for the translation of phrases. Sutskever introduced a sequence to sequence based encoder-decoder model which became the standard for NMT based systems. Attention mechanisms were later introduced to address the issues with the translation of long sentences and improving overall accuracy. In this paper, we propose a singular model for Neural Machine Translation based on encoder-decoder models. Most translation models are trained as one model for one translation. We introduce a neutral/universal model representation that can be used to predict more than one language depending on the source and a provided target. Secondly, we introduce an attention model by adding an overall learning vector to the multiplicative model. With these two changes, by using the novel universal model the number of models needed for multiple language translation applications are reduced.
description: 15pages, 3 figures
Chasing Absolute Cost and Profit Savings in a World of Relative Inefficiency
Creators: name: Atkinson, Scott E.
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Atkinson, Scott E.
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Econometric models to estimate allocative and technical inefficiency include stochastic shadow distance frontiers, shadow cost frontiers, and shadow profit frontiers. In these models, the cost savings from eliminating both sources of inefficiency is often reported in total and then decomposed into the contribution of each source. This paper shows that this calculation, as formalized in Kumbhakar (1997) and used extensively in empirical applications over the last 25 years, is non-unique without additional information that is typically not available. The same results are obtained for shadow profit and shadow distance systems. The decomposition of cost (profit) savings is underidentified, since it is conditional on the arbitrarily normalized value for one shadow input (input or output) price when the shadow cost (profit) system is estimated. When the normalized value is rescaled, estimates of shadow costs will change by the scale factor, but the new model is observationally equivalent to the original one. We provide theoretical proofs and empirical examples of the restrictions (additional information) necessary to identify cost savings. Several methods of satisfying this decomposition requirement are discussed.
New York State Cemeteries Name/Location Survey Project, Town Of East Hampton
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Cemeteries
Death & burial
Surveying
Graves
East Hampton
Amagansett (N.Y.)
Sag Harbor
Gardiner's Island
Springs
Montauk
Wainscott

description: This survey lists cemeteries and burial grounds within the township of East Hampton. Information provided for each includes: legal name, location, key describing the type of cemetery, time frame, and contact information of advocates or caretakers for each location.
Stochastic Gravitational Wave Production After Inflation
Creators: name: Easther, Richard
name: Lim, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many models of inflation, the period of accelerated expansion ends with preheating, a highly non-thermal phase of evolution during which the inflaton pumps energy into a specific set of momentum modes of field(s) to which it is coupled. This necessarily induces large, transient density inhomogeneities which can source a significant spectrum of gravitational waves. In this paper, we consider the generic properties of gravitational waves produced during preheating, perform detailed calculations of the spectrum for several specific inflationary models, and identify problems that require further study. In particular, we argue that if these gravitational waves exist they will necessarily fall within the frequency range that is feasible for direct detection experiments -- from laboratory through to solar system scales. We extract the gravitational wave spectrum from numerical simulations of preheating after $λϕ^4$ and $m_ϕ^2 ϕ^2$ inflation, and find that they lead to a gravitational wave amplitude of around $Ω_{gw}h^2\sim 10^{-10}$. This is considerably higher than the amplitude of the primordial gravitational waves produced during inflation. However, the typical wavelength of these gravitational waves is considerably shorter than LIGO scales, although in extreme cases they may be visible at scales accessible to the proposed BBO mission. We survey possible experimental approaches to detecting any gravitational wave background generated during preheating.
description: 11 pages. Updated references. Minor clarifications
Structural Estimation of Rank-Order Tournament Games with Private Information
Creators: name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Zheng, Xiaoyong
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Zheng, Xiaoyong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper we propose a game-theoretic model of a rank-order tournament with private information and characterize its equilibrium solution. The model captures many important features of the production contracts once observed in the poultry industry. We use the contract settlement data from a poultry company who used rank-order tournaments to remunerate their contract growers and estimate a fully structural model of a symmetric Nash-equilibrium of this game. We show that growers' equilibrium effort depends on three factors: the spread in piece rates between the performance brackets, the number of players in each tournament, and the number of performance brackets used. We use the estimates of the productivity shocks density to simulate how changes in these three tournament characteristics affect the total welfare and the distribution of welfare between the growers and the integrator.
"Which path" decoherence in quantum dot experiments
Creators: name: Roszak, K.
name: Machnikowski, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze and interpret recent optical experiments with semiconductor quantum dots. We derive a quantitative relation between the amount of information transferred into the environment and the optical polarization that may be observed in a spectroscopy experiment.
description: Final version (moderate modifications). To appear in Phys. Lett. A
Die Aufgaben für die künftige Arbeit in der Kommission für Glauben und Kirchenverfassung
Creators: name: Renkewitz, Heinz
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 1 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 1
On the accretion of a new group of galaxies onto Virgo: I. Internal kinematics of nine in-falling dEs
Creators: name: Bidaran, Bahar
name: Pasquali, Anna
name: Lisker, Thorsten
name: Coccato, Lodovico
name: Falcón-Barroso, Jesus
name: van de Ven, Glenn
name: Peletier, Reynier
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Grebel, Eva K.
name: La Barbera, Francesco
name: Janz, Joachim
name: Sybilska, Agnieszka
name: Vijayaraghavan, Rukmani
name: Gallagher, John
name: Gadotti, Dimitri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy environment has been shown to play an important role in transforming late-type, star-forming galaxies to quiescent spheroids. This transformation is expected to be more severe for low-mass galaxies (M < $10^{10}$ \(M_\odot\)) in dense galaxy groups and clusters, mostly due to the influence of their past host halos (also known as pre-processing) and their present-day environments. For the first time, in this study, we investigate a sample of nine early-type dwarf galaxies (dEs) that were accreted as a likely bound group onto the Virgo galaxy cluster about 2-3 Gyr ago. Considering this special condition, these nine dEs may provide a test bed for distinguishing between the influence of the Virgo galaxy cluster and the effects of the previous host halo on their current properties. Specifically, we use VLT/MUSE integral-field unit spectra to derive their kinematics and specific angular momentum ($λ_{R}$) profiles. We observe a spread in the $λ_{R}$ profiles of our sample dEs, finding that the $λ_{R}$ profiles of half of them are as high as those of low-mass field galaxies. The remaining dEs exhibit $λ_{R}$ profiles as low as those of Virgo dEs that were likely accreted longer ago. Moreover, we detect nebular emission in one dE with a gas velocity offset suggesting ongoing gas stripping in Virgo. We suggest that the low-$λ_{R}$ dEs in our sample were processed by their previous host halo, prior to their infall to Virgo, and that the high-$λ_{R}$ dEs may be experiencing ram pressure stripping in Virgo.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Limit theorems on large deviations for semimartingales
Creators: name: Liptser, Robert Sh.
name: Pukhalskii, Anatolii A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10

description: We consider a sequence $X^n=(X^n_t)_{t\ge 0},n\ge 1$ of semimartingales. Each $X^n$ is a weak solution to an Itô equation with respect to a Wiener process and a Poissonian martingale measure and is in general non-Markovian process. For this sequence, we prove the large deviation principle in the Skorokhod space $D=D_{[0,\infty)}$. We use a new approach based on of exponential tightness. This allows us to establish the large deviation principle under weaker assumptions than before.
Purchasing Organic Food in U.S. Food Systems: A Study of Attitudes and Practice
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Hallman, William K.
name: Bellows, Anne
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Hallman, William K.
name: Bellows, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Consumers' preference for organic foods in the context of food aspects considered important in a consumption decision and socioeconomic variables has been examined in this study. The results indicate that food aspects related to naturalness, vegetarian-vegan and production location were critical enhancing regularity of organic food purchases. While the familiarity food aspect was viewed as a 'no' issue as far as organic food purchases are concerned. Results further indicate that females and young people buy organics on a regular basis. In terms of political affiliation and church attendance, the liberals and those who at least visit places worship once a month will also regularly buy organics.
The Surface of 2003EL61 in the Near Infrared
Creators: name: Trujillo, C. A.
name: Brown, M. E.
name: Barkume, K. M.
name: Schaller, E. L.
name: Rabinowitz, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of crystalline water ice on the surface of 2003 EL61. Reflectance spectra were collected from Gemini North telescope from 1.0 to 2.4 micron wavelength range, and from the Keck telescope across the 1.4 to 2.4 micron wavelength range. The signature of crystalline water ice is obvious in all data collected. Like the surfaces of many outer solar system bodies, the surface of 2003 EL61 is rich in crystalline water ice, which is energetically less favored than amorphous water ice at low temperatures, suggesting that resurfacing processes may be taking place. The near infrared color of the object is much bluer than a pure water ice model. Adding a near infrared blue component such as hydrogen cyanide or phyllosilicate clays improves the fit considerably, with hydrogen cyanide providing the greatest improvement. The addition of hydrated tholins and bitumens also improves the fit but is inconsistent with the neutral V-J reflectance of 2003 EL61. A small decrease in reflectance beyond 2.3 micron may be attributable to cyanide salts. Overall, the reflected light from 2003 EL61 is best fit by a model of 2/3 to 4/5 pure crystalline water ice and 1/3 to 1/5 near infrared blue component such as hydrogen cyanide or kaolinite. The surface of 2003 EL61 is unlikely to be covered by significant amounts of dark material such as carbon black, as our pure ice models reproduce published albedo estimates derived from the spin state of 2003 EL61.
description: Accepted to be published in Astrophysical Journal, January 20, 2007, v655
Environmental Injustice: An Ohio Case Study
Creators: name: Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf
name: Hitzhusen, Frederick J.
name: Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf
name: Hitzhusen, Frederick J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Valuation of environmental regulations and policy changes is usually focused on the achievement of economic efficiency or potential Pareto improvement (PPI): a proposed change or policy is accepted if those who gain from carrying out a specific project or policy could, in principle, compensate those who lose from implementing that policy so no one is worse off. Aggregate measures of value such as aggregate willingness to pay are common measures of economic efficiency. However, in reality, compensations by the gainers to the losers of a policy seldom take place and the disadvantaged must bear most if not all the cost of the adverse effects of the policy change or environmental degradation. Furthermore, willingness to pay is largely dependent on the ability to pay and as such, environmental resources are not shifted to those who only value them the most, but to those who value and can afford them as well. This article focuses on studying the distributional impacts of river contamination and clean up including stated preference evaluation of environmental improvements. Particularly, the issue of concern is whether poor and minority households in the study area have been unjustly exposed to contamination in the river; and therefore, whether the application of different weighting schemes to the benefits (costs) of different demographic groups (especially, minority and low-income) would be justified.
Wilson-Polchinski exact renormalization group equation for O(N) systems: Leading and next-to-leading orders in the derivative expansion
Creators: name: Bervillier, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a view to study the convergence properties of the derivative expansion of the exact renormalization group (RG) equation, I explicitly study the leading and next-to-leading orders of this expansion applied to the Wilson-Polchinski equation in the case of the $N$-vector model with the symmetry $\mathrm{O}(N) $. As a test, the critical exponents $% η$ and $ν$ as well as the subcritical exponent $ω$ (and higher ones) are estimated in three dimensions for values of $N$ ranging from 1 to 20. I compare the results with the corresponding estimates obtained in preceding studies or treatments of other $\mathrm{O}(N) $ exact RG equations at second order. The possibility of varying $N$ allows to size up the derivative expansion method. The values obtained from the resummation of high orders of perturbative field theory are used as standards to illustrate the eventual convergence in each case. A peculiar attention is drawn on the preservation (or not) of the reparametrisation invariance.
description: Dedicated to Lothar Sch\"afer on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Final version
A fast-growing tilt instability of detached circumplanetary disks
Creators: name: Martin, Rebecca G.
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Armitage, Philip J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion disks in binary systems can exhibit a tilt instability, arising from the interaction between components of the tidal potential and dissipation. Using a linear analysis, we show that the aspect ratios and outer radii of circumplanetary disks provide favorable conditions for tilt growth. We quantify the growth rate of the instability using particle-based ({\sc phantom}) and grid-based ({\sc athena++}) hydrodynamic simulations. For a disk with outer aspect ratio $H/r \simeq 0.1$, initially moderate tilts double on a time scale of about 15-30 binary orbits. Our results imply that detached circumplanetary disks, whose evolution is not entirely controlled by accretion from the circumstellar disk, may commonly be misaligned to the planetary orbital plane. We discuss implications for planetary spin evolution, and possible interactions between the tilt instability and Kozai-Lidov dynamics.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Integrated Prevention and Control of Invasive Species
Creators: name: Pitafi, Basharat A.K.
name: Roumasset, James A.
name: Pitafi, Basharat A.K.
name: Roumasset, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: An emerging problem for environmental policy is how to design efficient strategies for the prevention and control of invasive species. However, the literature has mostly focused either on pre-introduction prevention or post-introduction control of an invasive. The benefits of prevention cannot be understood or estimated without knowing the costs of post-introduction control. This paper provides an integrated framework where optimal prevention is combined with optimal pest removal.
Additional file 1 of Low thyroid hormone receptor alpha-2 (THRα-2) tumor expression is associated with unfavorable tumor characteristics and high breast cancer mortality
Creators: name: Sandsveden, Malte
name: Borgquist, Signe
name: Rosendahl, Ann H.
name: Manjer, Jonas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Pooled imputed values and original values. Table S2a. Mortality status and treatment among the 654 women included in survival analyses. Table S2b. THRα-2 status and treatment modalities among the 654 women included in survival analyses. Table S3. THRα-2 expression, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Freedman's%, adjusted for a single factor at a time. Table S4. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall mortality per THRα-2 expression, stratified for ER-status and surrogate intrinsic subtype.
Factors Affecting Direct and Indirect Energy Use in U.S. Corn Production
Creators: name: Musser, Wesley N.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Daberkow, Stan G.
name: Musser, Wesley N.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Daberkow, Stan G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: energy
subject: fuel
subject: nitrogen
subject: farm management
subject: technology

description: The recent volatility of energy prices has numerous policy implications for agriculture. A better understanding of the factors associated with energy consumption as related to crop production management decisions and technology use may provide insight about how producers might respond to program or market incentives targeting energy use in particular, and soil and water conservation in general. Adoption of minimum tillage could reduce erosion and improved fertilizer management practices could reduce nitrogen runoff. Energy costs may be reduced with adoption of reduced tillage technology, improved drying and irrigation systems, or more careful attention to the application and timing of fertilizers.
Autonomous Navigation and Collision Avoidance for Mobile Robots: Classification and Review
Creators: name: de Carvalho, Marcus Vinicius Leal
name: Simoni, Roberto
name: Yoshioka, Leopoldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9; I.2.7; I.2.10
subject: 68T40 (Artificial Intelligence)

description: This paper introduces a novel classification for Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs), into three phases and five steps, focusing on autonomous collision-free navigation. Additionally, it presents the main methods and widely accepted technologies for each phase of the proposed classification. The purpose of this classification is to facilitate understanding and establish connections between the independent input variables of the system (hardware, software) and autonomous navigation. By analyzing well-established technologies in terms of sensors and methods used for autonomous navigation, this paper aims to provide a foundation of knowledge that can be applied in future projects of mobile robots.
description: This paper was presented at the JAR Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and published as ID 27 at 9:20 on June 5, 2024. You can find more details on the conference at the following link: https://jar.com.ar/programa.html#programa. Additionally, the content of the presentation was re-recorded and uploaded to YouTube for better understanding: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU6EkT43VfE&t=4s
Compact Ring Resonator Enhanced Silicon-MSM Photodetector in SiN-on-SOI Platform
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Avijit
name: Sam, Saumitra
name: Sikdar, Sujit Kumar
name: Selvaraja, Shankar Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a compact on-chip resonator enhanced silicon-MSM photodetector in $850$ $nm$ wavelength band for communication and lab-on-chip bio-sensing applications. We report the highest responsivity of 0.81 A/W for a 5 $μm$ long device. High responsivity is achieved by integrating the detector in a silicon nitride ring resonator. The resonance offers 100X responsivity improvement over a single-pass photodetector due to cavity enhancement. We also present a detailed study of the high-speed response of the cavity and single-pass detector. We report an electro-optic bandwidth of 7.5 GHz measured using a femtosecond optical excitation. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time silicon nitride resonator integrated Si-MSM detector in SiN-SOI platform.
Linkages amongst Foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Trade Policy: An Economic Analysis with Applications to the Food Sector
Creators: name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Our models show that, in OECD countries, tariffs and domestic support, which raise domestic market input prices, can have an effect on how FDI is distributed geographically. FDI may be used to jump tariffs. Investors in a home country may invest in a host country to exploit the preferential tariffs, as from an RTA, which the host has with a third country. Domestic support to agriculture, an input sector into the food sector, can encourage outward investment and discourage inward investment. FDI and trade appear to complement one another. Therefore, policies that open trade may increase FDI and vice versa.
Large deviations for two scaled diffusions
Creators: name: Liptser, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10

description: We formulate large deviations principle (LDP) for diffusion pair $(X^ε,ξ^ε)=(X_t^ε,ξ_t^ε)$, where first component has a small diffusion parameter while the second is ergodic Markovian process with fast time. More exactly, the LDP is established for $(X^ε,ν^ε)$ with $ν^ε(dt,dz)$ being an occupation type measure corresponding to $ξ_t^ε$. In some sense we obtain a combination of Freidlin-Wentzell's and Donsker-Varadhan's results. Our approach relies the concept of the exponential tightness and Puhalskii's theorem.
Productivity : state-of-the-art, recording context information, and case study data sets
Creators: name: Dimitrijevic, Marina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The goal of this thesis is to contribute to our understanding of construction productivity as a function of methods employed and site conditions encountered for activities such as: excavation, shoring, and forming and concrete placing activities (column footings, columns, walls, and slabs). This goal has been pursued through three objectives: A comprehensive literature search about construction productivity to determine the state-of- the-art of predictive relationships as a function of factors that influence productivity. The major finding is that there is no unique and universal relationship that can be used to predict construction productivity. The carrying out of a detailed case study in order to develop comprehensive data sets for the construction of different elements, recording of the methods used, problems encountered, etc. The case study consisted of a detailed day-to-day data collection for the first 20-week period of the construction at the Kerrisdale Station Project in Vancouver. The testing of a daily site reporting system in order to assist in its development and enhancement for use in project monitoring. A research system called REPCON5, a project scheduling and site reporting system, was chosen as the tool for the collection of the daily events at the site. The daily reporting module allowed recording of construction activities, site condition, environment data, on-site equipment and usage, job-site visitors, inspections, meetings, problems encountered, etc. Findings from the work performed should be of value, to other researchers in their quest for forecasting productivity as a function of various factors that have an impact on construction productivity.
Additional file 1 of SCEPTRE improves calibration and sensitivity in single-cell CRISPR screen analysis
Creators: name: Barry, Timothy
name: Wang, Xuran
name: Morris, John A.
name: Roeder, Kathryn
name: Katsevich, Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary figures and tables
Single-particle level access to hydrodynamic and frictional coupling between spheres in dense colloidal suspensions
Creators: name: Yanagishima, Taiki
name: Liu, Yanyan
name: Tanaka, Hajime
name: Dullens, Roel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rotational Brownian motion of colloidal spheres in dense suspensions reflects local hydrodynamics and friction, both key to non-linear rheological phenomena such as shear-thickening and jamming, and transport in crowded environments, including intracellular migration and blood flow. To fully elucidate the role of rotational dynamics experimentally, it is crucial to measure the translational and rotational motion of all spheres simultaneously. Here, we develop compositionally uniform colloidal spheres with an off-centre, fully embedded core with a different fluorophore to the particle body, allowing access to rotational motion for all particles at the single-particle level. We reveal interparticle hydrodynamic rotational coupling in charged colloidal crystals. We also find that higher local crystallinity in denser crystals enhances rotational diffusivity, and that nearly arrested particles exhibit a stick-slip rotational motion due to frictional coupling. Our method sheds new light on the largely-unexplored local rotational dynamics of spherical particles in dense colloidal materials.
description: Manuscript 9 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary Information 14 pages, 3 figures
Dynamics of conduction blocks in a model of paced cardiac tissue
Creators: name: Henry, Herve
name: Rappel, Wouter-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the dynamics of conduction blocks using a detailed electrophysiological model. We find that this dynamics depends critically on the size of the paced region. Small pacing regions lead to stationary conduction blocks while larger pacing regions can lead to conduction blocks that travel periodically towards the pacing region. We show that this size-dependence dynamics can lead to a novel arrhythmogenic mechanism. Furthermore, we show that the essential phenomena can be captured in a much simpler coupled-map model.
description: 8 pages 6 figures
INTERNET USAGE BY FARMERS: EVIDENCE FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY
Creators: name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The Internet may reduce constraints on a farmer's ability to receive and manage information, regardless of where the farm is located or when the information is used. Using a Count data estimation procedure, this study attempts to examine the key farm, operator, regional, and household characteristics that influence the number of Internet applications used by farm households. Results indicate that educational level of the farm operator, farm size, farm diversification, off-farm income, off-farm investments, and regional location of the farm have significant impact on the number of Internet applications.
Additional file 2 of SCEPTRE improves calibration and sensitivity in single-cell CRISPR screen analysis
Creators: name: Barry, Timothy
name: Wang, Xuran
name: Morris, John A.
name: Roeder, Kathryn
name: Katsevich, Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Review history