cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving Patients' Understanding of Terms and Phrases Commonly Used in Self‐Reported Measures of Sexual Function
Creators: name: Jeffery, Diana D.
name: Shelby, Rebecca A.
name: Alexander, Angel M.
name: Hahn, Elizabeth A.
name: Reeve, Bryce B.
name: Schultz, Wesley
name: Reese, Jennifer Barsky
name: Keefe, Francis J.
name: Flynn, Kathryn E.
name: Weinfurt, Kevin P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: There is a significant gap in research regarding the readability and comprehension of existing sexual function measures. Patient-reported outcome measures may use terms not well understood by respondents with low literacy.
Bisphosphonate Use in Acute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Gourlay, Margaret L.
name: Bryson, Julia E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Bone density loss occurs rapidly after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and is associated with low-energy fractures below the level of injury, commonly occurring around the knee. Bisphosphonates have been tested as potential agents to prevent bone loss after SCI, but no guidelines exist for clinical use of bisphosphonates in these patients. The objective of this study was to systematically review and evaluate evidence quality in studies of bisphosphonate use in patients with post-treatment follow-up of sublesional bone mineral density.
The application of implementation science for pressure ulcer prevention best practices in an inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation program
Creators: name: McMillan, Lan T.
name: Brown, Jacquie
name: Burns, Anthony S.
name: Leber, Diane J.
name: Flett, Heather M.
name: Delparte, Jude J.
name: Scovil, Carol Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To implement pressure ulcer (PU) prevention best practices in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation using implementation science frameworks.
Spinal cord injury following operative shoulder intervention: A case report
Creators: name: Walker, Heather
name: Cleveland, Christine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cervical myelopathy is a spinal cord dysfunction that results from extrinsic compression of the spinal cord, its blood supply, or both. It is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in patients greater than 55 years of age.
School Environment and Academic Achievement of Standard IX Students
Creators: name: Lawrence, Arul
name: A, Vimala
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 390306
subject: Secondary education

description: The present study, School Environment and Academic Achievement of standard IX students was probed to find the relationship between School Environment and Academic Achievement of standard IX students. Data for the study were collected using self-made School Environment Scale (SES). The investigator used stratified random sampling technique for selecting the sample. The sample consists of 400 standard IX students. For analyzing data "t" test and Pearson's product moment co-efficient were the statistical techniques used. Findings show there was no significant relationship between School Environment and Academic Achievement of standard IX students.
title: Gewalterleben von erstgebärenden Frauen während der Geburt
Creators: name: Spenner, Laura
Year: 2022

description: Die Geburt des ersten Kindes stellt ein besonderes Übergangserlebnis im Leben einer jeden Mutter dar. Der Ablauf der Geburt kann zwar im Vorhinein geplant werden, jedoch gibt es keine Möglichkeit den tatsächlichen Geburtsverlauf vorherzusagen oder gar zu üben. Die vorliegende Studie beleuchtet diesen Umstand mit besonderem Fokus auf Geburten, die von den Frauen als gewaltsam erlebt wurden. Dabei geht es einerseits um die individuelle Erzähl- und Erlebensweise der Frauen, sowie die Integration der Geburtserfahrung in den weiteren Lebensverlauf. Es wurden fünf narrative Interviews geführt. Kontrollverlust, Alleingelassen werden, ungewollte Interventionen ohne Aufklärung, sowie Drohungen und Angstmache waren Charakteristika für die Betreuung während der Geburt. Vier der Frauen erlebten ei-nen Kristellergriff als besonders gewaltsam. Sie berichteten außerdem von der Vermutung, dass ihre Geburt durch medizinische Interventionen künstlich beschleunigt wurde und sie sich entmenschlicht fühlten. Die Geburt hat auch im weiteren Lebensverlauf auf intrapersonaler und interpersonaler Ebene einen Einfluss und regt die Mütter zu einer besonderen Beschäftigung mit dem Thema Geburt an, führt zu dem Gefühl besonders stolz sein zu können oder keinen Stolz erleben zu dürfen und zu psychischen Problemen. Auf der interpersonalen Ebene beeinflusst das Geburtserlebnis vor allem die Beziehung zum Kind, aber führt außerdem zu einem Rede- und Aufklärungsbedürfnis bei den Frauen. Weitere Forschung sollte sich um die Erarbei-tung einer allgemein anwendbaren Gewaltdefinition bemühen und den Fokus auch auf heterogenere Samples zu richten. Ebenso wäre es interessant das Spitalspersonal zusätzlich zu befragen und eine Kombination von qualitativen und quantitativen Forschungslogiken anzustreben.
Detection of spectrally complex signals in comodulated maskers: Effect of temporal fringe
Creators: name: Grose, John H.
name: Hatch, Debora R.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: This study tested the hypothesis that masking release for a complex signal under conditions where signal energy is present in all frequency regions occupied by the masker is attributable to an across-frequency-channel comodulation masking release (CMR) process. The approach was to identify a signature CMR trait, and to then determine if that trait was associated with the detection advantage for complex signals. The selected trait was the decline of CMR in the presence of a random temporal fringe. In experiment 1, a masking release was observed for a 4-component harmonic signal presented in a comodulated masker, and this masking release was diminished by the random temporal fringe. A similar effect was observed in experiment 2 for a 4-component inharmonic signal. These results support the hypothesis that a CMR can be measured for a complex signal even when there is substantial spectral overlap between the signal and its comodulated masker. This finding has consequences for CMR models since it demonstrates that the presence of ‘signal-free’ cue bands is not a prerequisite for CMR, and that the presence of comodulation during the signal window is not sufficient to result in CMR.
Informational masking release in children and adults
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: This study assessed informational masking and utilization of cues to reduce that masking in children aged 4–9 years and in adults. The signal was a train of eight consecutive tone bursts, each at 1 kHz and 60 ms in duration. Maskers were comprised of a pair of synchronous tone-burst trains, with randomly chosen frequencies spanning 200–5000 Hz, with a protected region 851–1175 Hz. In the reference condition, maskers were eight bursts in duration, with a fixed frequency within intervals. Experiment 1 tested two monotic masking release conditions: within-interval randomization of masker burst frequency and the introduction of leading masker bursts. Experiment 2 examined masking release in which the signal was presented to one ear and masking components were presented to both ears (masker components in the contralateral ear were 10 dB higher than those in the ipsilateral ear). Both adults and children demonstrated a significant informational masking effect, with children showing a larger effect on average. Both groups also showed significant release from masking in the two monotic conditions, although children received somewhat less benefit from the masking release cues. The binaural condition supported a moderate release from informational masking in adults, but resulted in increased informational masking in children.
Improved HDRG decoders for qudit and non-Abelian quantum error correction
Creators: name: Hutter, Adrian
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Wootton, James R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hard-decision renormalization group (HDRG) decoders are an important class of decoding algorithms for topological quantum error correction. Due to their versatility, they have been used to decode systems with fractal logical operators, color codes, qudit topological codes, and non-Abelian systems. In this work, we develop a method of performing HDRG decoding which combines strenghts of existing decoders and further improves upon them. In particular, we increase the minimal number of errors necessary for a logical error in a system of linear size $L$ from $Θ(L^{2/3})$ to $Ω(L^{1-ε})$ for any $ε>0$. We apply our algorithm to decoding $D(\mathbb{Z}_d)$ quantum double models and a non-Abelian anyon model with Fibonacci-like fusion rules, and show that it indeed significantly outperforms previous HDRG decoders. Furthermore, we provide the first study of continuous error correction with imperfect syndrome measurements for the $D(\mathbb{Z}_d)$ quantum double models. The parallelized runtime of our algorithm is $\text{poly}(\log L)$ for the perfect measurement case. In the continuous case with imperfect syndrome measurements, the averaged runtime is $O(1)$ for Abelian systems, while continuous error correction for non-Abelian anyons stays an open problem.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures; v2: to appear in New J. Phys
Binaural comodulation masking release: Effects of masker interaural correlation
Creators: name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Binaural detection was examined for a signal presented in a narrow band of noise centered on the on-signal masking band (OSB) or in the presence of flanking noise bands that were random or comodulated with respect to the OSB. The noise had an interaural correlation of 1.0 (No), 0.99 or 0.95. In No noise, random flanking bands worsened Sπ detection and comodulated bands improved Sπ detection for some listeners but had no effect for other listeners. For the 0.99 or 0.95 interaural correlation conditions, random flanking bands were less detrimental to Sπ detection and comodulated flanking bands improved Sπ detection for all listeners. Analyses based on signal detection theory indicated that the improvement in Sπ thresholds obtained with comodulated bands was not compatible with an optimal combination of monaural and binaural cues or to across-frequency analyses of dynamic interaural phase differences. Two accounts consistent with the improvement in Sπ thresholds in comodulated noise were (1) envelope information carried by the flanking bands improves the weighting of binaural cues associated with the signal; (2) the auditory system is sensitive to across-frequency differences in ongoing interaural correlation.
title: Segregation von Schüler*innen im österreichischen Bildungssystem durch Zuweisungen von Zugehörigkeiten und Nicht-Zugehörigkeiten mit Fokus auf Wien Favoriten
Creators: name: Gegenhuber, Hanna
Year: 2022

description: Die Analysen des österreichischen Nationalen Bildungsberichts zeigen, dass die Diversität an den österreichischen Schulen, in Bezug auf dessen Schülerschaft, jährlich zunimmt, vor allem in urbanen Regionen. Trotz der steigenden Heterogenität an Österreichs Schulen, verhält sich das Schulsystem jedoch immer noch so, also stünde es einer monolingualen, homogenen Schülerschaft gegenüber. Anstelle eines inklusiven Schulsystems werden hier Prozesse verortet, die diskriminierende Inhalte, Ansätze, Strukturen und Strategien aufweisen. Wie werden auf die daraus resultierenden Bedürfnisse und Forderungen der Schüler*innen sowie Lehrkräfte reagiert? Das Erkenntnisinteresse der Arbeit besteht darin darzustellen, wo und wie Segregations- und Ausgrenzungsprozesse im Bildungssystem stattfinden, und welche Konsequenzen dies für die Schülerschaft an Österreichs Schulen hat. Im Zuge dessen soll aufgezeigt werden, ob und wie Machtverhältnisse an den Schulen konstruiert, reproduziert und gelebt werden, und wie das hierarchische aufgebaute System Schule sich auf den Schulalltag der Schüler*innen, aber auch auf die Familien der Kinder auswirkt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Masterthesis konzentrieren sich vor allem auf die Stadt Wien und die Mittelschule.
Comodulation detection differences for fixed-frequency and roved-frequency maskers
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: This study investigated comodulation detection differences (CDD) for fixed- and roved-frequency maskers. The objective was to determine whether CDD could be accounted for better in terms of energetic masking or in terms of perceptual fusion/segregation related to comodulation. Roved-frequency maskers were used in order to minimize the role of energetic masking, allowing possible effects related to perceptual fusion/segregation to be revealed. The signals and maskers were composed of 30-Hz-wide noise bands. The signal was either comodulated with the masker (A/A condition) or had a temporal envelope that was independent (A/B condition). The masker was either gated synchronously with the signal or had a leading temporal fringe of 200 ms. In the fixed-frequency masker conditions, listeners with low A/A thresholds showed little masking release due to masker temporal fringe and had CDDs that could be accounted for by energetic masking. Listeners with higher A/A thresholds in the fixed-frequency masker conditions showed relatively large CDDs and large masking release due to a masker temporal fringe. The CDDs of these listeners may have arisen, at least in part, from processes related to perceptual segregation. Some listeners in the roved masker conditions also had large CDDs that appeared to be related to perceptual segregation.
Worldline approach to the Grosse-Wulkenhaar model
Creators: name: Viñas, Sebastián Franchino
name: Pisani, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the worldline formalism to the Grosse-Wulkenhaar model and obtain an expression for the one-loop effective action which provides an efficient way for computing Schwinger functions in this theory. Using this expression we obtain the quantum corrections to the effective background and the $β$-functions, which are known to vanish at the self-dual point. The case of degenerate noncommutativity is also considered. Our main result can be straightforwardly applied to any polynomial self-interaction of the scalar field and we consider that the worldline approach could be useful for studying effective actions of noncommutative gauge fields as well as in other non-local models or in higher-derivative field theories.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures. Matches the published version. New section added where the degenerate case is also considered
An improvement of the general bound on the largest family of subsets avoiding a subposet
Creators: name: Grósz, Dániel
name: Methuku, Abhishek
name: Tompkins, Casey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $La(n,P)$ be the maximum size of a family of subsets of $[n]= \{1,2, ..., n \}$ not containing $P$ as a (weak) subposet, and let $h(P)$ be the length of a longest chain in $P$. The best known upper bound for $La(n,P)$ in terms of $|P|$ and $h(P)$ is due to Chen and Li, who showed that $La(n,P) \le \frac{1}{m+1} \left(|P| + \frac{1}{2}(m^2 +3m-2)(h(P)-1) -1 \right) {\binom {n} {\lfloor n/2 \rfloor}}$ for any fixed $m \ge 1$. In this paper we show that $La(n,P) \le \frac{1}{2^{k-1}} (|P| + (3k-5)2^{k-2}(h(P)-1) - 1 ) {n \choose {\lfloor n/2\rfloor} }$ for any fixed $k \ge 2$, improving the best known upper bound. By choosing $k$ appropriately, we obtain that $La(n,P) = O\left( h(P) \log_2\left(\frac{|P|}{h(P)}+2\right) \right) {n \choose \lfloor n/2 \rfloor }$ as a corollary, which we show is best possible for general $P$. We also give a different proof of this corollary by using bounds for generalized diamonds. We also show that the Lubell function of a family of subsets of $[n]$ not containing $P$ as an induced subposet is $O(n^c)$ for every $c>\frac{1}{2}$.
description: Corrected mistakes, improved the writing. Also added a result about the Lubell function with forbidden induced subposets. The final publication will be available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11083-016-9390-3
Development and the role of internal noise in detection and discrimination thresholds with narrow band stimuli
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The experiments reported here examine the role of internal noise in the detection of a tone in narrow band noise and intensity discrimination for narrow band stimuli in school-aged children as compared to adults. Experiment 1 used 20-Hz wide bands of Gaussian and low-fluctuation noise centered at 500 Hz to assess the role of stimulus fluctuation in detection of a 500-Hz pure tone. Additional conditions tested whether performance was based on level and/or level-independent cues. Children’s thresholds were elevated with respect to adults, and whereas adults benefited from the reduced fluctuation of low-fluctuation noise, children did not. Results from both groups were consistent with the use of a level cue. Experiment 2 estimated intensity increment thresholds for a narrow band Gaussian noise or a pure tone, either with or without a presentation-by-presentation level rove, an additional source of level variability. Stimulus variability was found to have a larger effect on performance of adults as compared to children, a rather counterintuitive finding if one thinks of children as more prone to informational masking introduced by stimulus variability. Both tone-in-noise and intensity discrimination data were consistent with the hypothesis that children’s performance is limited by greater levels of internal noise.
micrOMEGAs4.1: two dark matter candidates
Creators: name: Belanger, G.
name: Boudjema, F.
name: Pukhov, A.
name: Semenov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: micrOMEGAs is a code to compute dark matter observables in generic extensions of the standard model. This version of micrOMEGAs includes a generalization of the Boltzmann equations to take into account the possibility of two dark matter candidates. The modification of the relic density calculation to include interactions between the two DM sectors as well as semi-annihilation is presented. Both DM signals in direct and indirect detection are computed as well. An extension of the standard model with two scalar doublets and a singlet is used as an example.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
APFEL Web: a web-based application for the graphical visualization of parton distribution functions
Creators: name: Carrazza, Stefano
name: Ferrara, Alfio
name: Palazzo, Daniele
name: Rojo, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present APFEL Web, a web-based application designed to provide a flexible user-friendly tool for the graphical visualization of parton distribution functions (PDFs). In this note we describe the technical design of the APFEL Web application, motivating the choices and the framework used for the development of this project. We document the basic usage of APFEL Web and show how it can be used to provide useful input for a variety of collider phenomenological studies. Finally we provide some examples showing the output generated by the application.
description: Final version, matches published version in JPhysG. Web-application available from http://apfel.mi.infn.it/
Gap duration discrimination for frequency-asymmetric gap markers: Psychophysical and electrophysiological findings
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This study investigated gap duration discrimination (GDD) for frequency-asymmetric gap markers, where one marker was a two-tone complex consisting of a primary tone and a secondary tone, and the other marker was the primary tone alone. Three experiments were undertaken to examine the order effect wherein performance is better when the two-tone marker is the leading marker than when it is the trailing marker. Experiment 1 demonstrated that GDD for frequency-asymmetric markers is intermediate between the boundaries of within-frequency-channel vs. across-frequency-channel processing. Experiment 2 compared psychophysical performance with auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) elicited by the same stimuli. Whereas GDD thresholds were elevated for a complex trailing marker relative to a within-frequency-channel baseline, ABRs elicited by the complex marker were more robust. Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that poor GDD performance with frequency-asymmetric markers is due to some form of non-energetic, or informational, masking. The results did not support a role for informational masking conferred by synthetic listening; however, informational masking conferred by the occurrence of novel spectral events provided a parsimonious account. One possible interpretation is that the capacity to accurately encode a gap is undermined by the occurrence of novel spectral events that engage limited attentional resources.
The binaural temporal window in adults and children
Creators: name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This study investigated the binaural temporal window in adults and children 5–10.5 years of age. Detection thresholds were estimated for a brief, interaurally out-of-phase (Sπ) 500 Hz pure tone signal masked by bandpass, 100–2000 Hz Gaussian noise. In one set of conditions, the masker was consistently either in phase (No) or out of phase (Nπ). In another set of conditions, the masker changed abruptly in interaural phase (NoNπ or NπNo), and threshold was estimated at a range of delays with respect to the phase transition. Masked thresholds were also obtained in further conditions where the masker interaural phase was steady and the signal was of long duration. Age effects obtained with dynamic maskers could be accounted for by positing that children have a binaural temporal window with a relatively prolonged leading edge or that the children position the binaural temporal window relatively late with respect to the signal. Modeling of the reduced masking-level difference shown by children for a brief Sπ signal presented in a steady No or Nπ masker was more consistent with late placement of a symmetrical binaural temporal window than a binaural temporal window having a relatively prolonged leading edge.
Raytracing simulations of coupled dark energy models
Creators: name: Pace, Francesco
name: Baldi, Marco
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Bacon, David
name: Crittenden, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter and dark energy are usually assumed to couple only gravitationally. An extension to this picture is to model dark energy as a scalar field coupled directly to cold dark matter. This coupling leads to new physical effects, such as a fifth-force and a time-dependent dark matter particle mass. In this work we examine the impact that coupling has on weak lensing statistics by constructing realistic simulated weak-lensing maps using raytracing techniques through N-body cosmological simulations. We construct maps for different lensing quantities, covering a range of scales from a few arcminutes to several degrees. The concordance $Λ$CDM model is compared to different coupled dark energy models, described either by an exponential scalar field potential (standard coupled dark energy scenario) or by a SUGRA potential (bouncing model). We analyse several statistical quantities and our results, with sources at low redshifts are largely consistent with previous work on CMB lensing by Carbone et al., 2013. The most significant differences from the $Λ$CDM model are due to the enhanced growth of the perturbations and to the effective friction term in non-linear dynamics. For the most extreme models, we see differences in the power spectra up to 40% compared to the $Λ$CDM model. The different time evolution of the linear matter overdensity can account for most of the differences, but when controlling for this using a $Λ$CDM model having the same normalization, the overall signal is smaller due to the effect of the friction term appearing in the equation of motion for dark matter particles.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Thermal equilibrium states in perturbative Algebraic Quantum Field Theory in relation to Thermal Field Theory
Creators: name: BRAGA DE GOES E VASCONCELLOS, JOAO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2019

description: In the first part, we analyse the properties of an interacting, massive scalar field in an equilibrium state over Minkowski spacetime. We compare the known real- and imaginary-time formalisms of Thermal Field Theory with the recent construction by Fredenhagen and Lindner of a KMS state for perturbative interacting theories in the context of perturbative Algebraic Quantum Field Theory, in the adiabatic limit. In particular, we show that the construction of Fredenhagen and Lindner reduces to the real-time formalism only if the cocycle which intertwines between the free and interacting dynamics can be neglected. Furthermore, the Fredenhagen and Lindner construction reduces to the ordinary imaginary-time formalism if one considers the expectation value of translation invariant observables. We thus conclude that a complete description of thermal equilibrium for interacting scalar fields is generally obtained only by means of the state constructed by Fredenhagen and Lindner, which combines both formalisms of Thermal Field Theory. We also discuss the properties of the expansion of the Fredenhagen and Lindner construction in terms of Feynman diagrams in the adiabatic limit. We finally provide examples showing that the real- and the imaginary-time formalisms fail to describe thermal equilibrium already at first or second order in perturbation theory. The results presented in this part are summarized in (BDP19). In the second part, we discuss the so-called secular effects, characterized by the appearance of polynomial divergences in the large time limit of truncated perturbative expansions of expectation values in Quantum Field Theory. We show that, although such effect is an artifact of perturbation theory, and thus may not be obtained via exactly solving the dynamical equation if possible, they do not represent the breakdown of perturbation theory itself. Instead, we show that the polynomial divergences follow from a bad choice of state, and we present examples of states which produce expectation values whose perturbative expansion does not present secular effects. In particular, we point that it is possible to obtain non time-divergent perturbative expressions from thermal equilibrium states for the interacting theory. This last part is based on a research project which, by the time this thesis was written, had not been concluded yet.
Transient numerical investigation of induction heating during sublimation growth of silicon carbide single crystals
Creators: name: Klein, Olaf
name: Philip, Peter
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: numerical simulation
subject: sublimation growth
subject: physical vapor transport
subject: modified Lely method
subject: SiC single crystal
subject: induction heating
subject: heat transfer
subject: 80A20
subject: 65M99
subject: 65Z05
subject: 35K55
subject: 78A55
subject: 78M25
subject: 02.60.Cb
subject: 81.10.Bk
subject: 84.32.Hh
subject: 44.30.+v
subject: 44.90.+c

description: This article presents transient numerical simulations of the temperature evolution during sublimation growth of SiC single crystals via physical vapor transport (also called the modified Lely method) including diffusion and radiation, investigating the influence of induction heating. Using the imposed voltage as input data, the heat sources are computed via an axisymmetric complex-valued magnetic scalar potential that is determined as the solution of an elliptic PDE. The presented results include stationary simulations of magnetic potential distributions and resulting heat sources as well as transient simulations of the temperature evolution during the heating process. We examine the effects of imposed voltage (i.e. heating power), of different coil positions, and of a moving induction coil on the evolution of the global temperature field and on the temperature at the source, at the seed, and at the blind holes. All material data used are either included or referenced.
Weak Values are Interference Phenomena
Creators: name: Dressel, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak values arise experimentally as conditioned averages of weak (noisy) observable measurements that minimally disturb an initial quantum state, and also as dynamical variables for reduced quantum state evolution even in the absence of measurement. These averages can exceed the eigenvalue range of the observable ostensibly being estimated, which has prompted considerable debate regarding their interpretation. Classical conditioned averages of noisy signals only show such anomalies if the quantity being measured is also disturbed prior to conditioning. This fact has recently been rediscovered, along with the question whether anomalous weak values are merely classical disturbance effects. Here we carefully review the role of the weak value as both a conditioned observable estimation and a dynamical variable, and clarify why classical disturbance models will be insufficient to explain the weak value unless they can also simulate other quantum interference phenomena.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, lots of references; v2 considerably expanded for pedagogical clarity; v3 minor typos fixed
title: Early transition metal complexes with bis(phenolate) type ligands
Creators: name: Cvetkovic, Olivera
Year: 2022

description: Stickstoffhaltige Heterocyclen sind Gerüste die häufig in Naturstoffen wie Alkaloiden und wertvollen Pharmazeutika vorkommen. Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen werden auch als Bausteine industriell relevanter Grund- und Feinchemikalien verwendet. Ein Zugang zu diesen unentbehrlichen Produkten auf eine einfache und höchst atomökonomische Weise ist die Addition einer Amin-N–H-Bindung an eine ungesättigte Kohlenstoff–Kohlenstoff Verknüpfung, die sogenannte Hydroaminierung. Um die intramolekulare Hydroaminierung einfacher Aminoalkene zu untersuchen, wurde eine Klasse von Bis(phenolat)-Liganden und ihren entsprechenden Metallkomplexen hergestellt, die als Katalysatoren dienen sollten. Komplexierungsreaktionen wurden mit frühen Übergangsmetallen (Yttrium, Titan, Zirconium, Niob und Tantal) durchgeführt und drei Yttrium-Katalysatoren wurden erhalten, wobei die anderen Metalle nicht die gewünschten Komplexe lieferten. Katalysatoren wurden bei der intramolekularen Hydroaminierung von Aminoalkenen untersucht und der Reaktionsverlauf wurde mittels NMR-Spektroskopie verfolgt. Bei der Optimierung der Reaktionsbedingungen wurden im Fall von Katalysatoren mit Methylenbis(phenolat)-Liganden positive Ergebnisse erhalten, während sich der Katalysator mit einem Disulfanediylbis(phenolat)-Liganden, obwohl aktiv, als unterlegen erwiesen hat, vermutlich aufgrund der schwachen Koordination der Schwefelatome zum Metallzentrum, was zu einer teilweisen Desaktivierung des Katalysators führt.
description: Nitrogen containing heterocycles are scaffolds commonly found in natural products, such as alkaloids and valuable pharmaceuticals. Nitrogen containing compounds are also used as building blocks of industrially relevant basic and fine chemicals. An approach to access these indispensable products in a facile and highly atom-economical fashion is the addition of an amine N–H bond across an unsaturated carbon–carbon linkage, the so-called hydroamination. To investigate the intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes, a class of bis(phenolate) ligands and their respective metal complexes that were to serve as catalysts were prepared. Complexation reactions were performed with early transition metals (yttrium, titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum) and three yttrium catalysts were obtained, while the other metals did not yield the desired complexes. Catalysts were tested in the intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes and the reaction progress was monitored using NMR spectroscopy. Upon optimisation of the reaction conditions, positive results were obtained in the case of catalysts bearing methylenebis(phenolate) ligands, whereas the catalyst bearing a disulfanediylbis(phenolate) ligand, though active, was proven to be inferior, presumably due to the weak coordination of the sulphur atoms to the metal centre, resulting in a partial deactivation of the catalyst.
Hybrid C-O-Ne white dwarfs as progenitors of type Ia supernovae: dependence on Urca process and mixing assumptions
Creators: name: Denissenkov, P.
name: Truran, J. W.
name: Herwig, F.
name: Jones, S.
name: Paxton, B.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Toki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When carbon is ignited off-centre in a CO core of a super-AGB star, its burning in a convective shell tends to propagate to the centre. Whether the C flame will actually be able to reach the centre depends on the efficiency of extra mixing beneath the C convective shell. Whereas thermohaline mixing is too inefficient to interfere with the C-flame propagation, convective boundary mixing can prevent the C burning from reaching the centre. As a result, a C-O-Ne white dwarf (WD) is formed, after the star has lost its envelope. Such a "hybrid" WD has a small CO core surrounded by a thick ONe zone. In our 1D stellar evolution computations, the hybrid WD is allowed to accrete C-rich material, as if it were in a close binary system and accreted H-rich material from its companion with a sufficiently high rate at which the accreted H would be processed into He under stationary conditions, assuming that He could then be transformed into C. When the mass of the accreting WD approaches the Chandrasekhar limit, we find a series of convective Urca shell flashes associated with high abundances of 23Na and 25Mg. They are followed by off-centre C ignition leading to convection that occupies almost the entire star. To model the Urca processes, we use the most recent well-resolved data for their reaction and neutrino-energy loss rates. Because of the emphasized uncertainty of the convective Urca process in our hybrid WD models of SN Ia progenitors, we consider a number of their potentially possible alternative instances for different mixing assumptions, all of which reach a phase of explosive C ignition, either off or in the centre. Our hybrid SN Ia progenitor models have much lower C to O abundance ratios at the moment of the explosive C ignition than their pure CO counterparts, which may explain the observed diversity of the SNe Ia.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Connectedness of Higgs bundle moduli for complex reductive Lie groups
Creators: name: García-Prada, Oscar
name: Oliveira, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We carry an intrinsic approach to the study of the connectedness of the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_G$ of $G$-Higgs bundles, over a compact Riemann surface, when $G$ is a complex reductive (not necessarily connected) Lie group. We prove that the number of connected components of $\mathcal{M}_G$ is indexed by the corresponding topological invariants. In particular, this gives an alternative proof of the counting by J. Li of the number of connected components of the moduli space of flat $G$-connections in the case in which $G$ is connected and semisimple.
description: Due to some mistake the authors did not appear in the previous version. Fixed this. Final version; to appear in the Asian Journal of Mathematics. 19 pages
Supplementary Information for Water-dispersible unadulterated α-mangostin particles for biomedical applications
Creators: name: Jutamad Bumrung
name: Chanpen Chanchao
name: Intasanta, Varol
name: Tanapat Palaga
name: Wanichwecharungruang, Supason
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: Water-dispersible α-mangostin particles
Curvature restrictions for Levi-flat real hypersurfaces in complex projective planes
Creators: name: Adachi, Masanori
name: Brinkschulte, Judith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 32V15, Secondary 32V40, 53B25, 53C12

description: We study curvature restrictions of Levi-flat real hypersurfaces in complex projective planes, whose existence is in question. We focus on its totally real Ricci curvature, the Ricci curvature of the real hypersurface in the direction of the Reeb vector field, and show that it cannot be greater than -4 along a Levi-flat real hypersurface. We rely on a finiteness theorem for the space of square integrable holomorphic 2-forms on the complement of the Levi-flat real hypersurface, where the curvature plays the role of the size of the infinitesimal holonomy of its Levi foliation.
description: 19 pages, final version, to appear in Annales de l'Institut Fourier
Across-channel interference in intensity discrimination: The role of practice and listening strategy
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Pure tone intensity discrimination thresholds can be elevated by the introduction of remote maskers with roved level. This effect is on the order of 10 dB [10log(ΔI/I)] in some conditions and can be demonstrated under conditions of little or no energetic masking. The current study examined the effect of practice and observer strategy on this phenomenon. Experiment 1 included observers who had no formal experience with intensity discrimination and provided training over six hours on a single masked intensity discrimination task to assess learning effects. Thresholds fell with practice for most observers, with significant improvements in 6 out of 8 cases. Despite these improvements significant masking remained in all cases. The second experiment assessed trial-by-trial effects of roved masker level. Conditional probability of a ‘signal-present’ response as a function of the rove value assigned to each of the two masker tones indicates fundamental differences among observers’ processing strategies, even after six hours of practice. The variability in error patterns across practiced listeners suggests that observers approach the task differently, though this variability does not appear to be related to sensitivity.
Comodulation detection differences in children and adults
Creators: name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Grose, John H.
name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study investigated comodulation detection differences (CDD) in children (ages 4.8–10.1 years) and adults. The signal was 30-Hz wide band of noise centered on 2 kHz, and the masker consisted of six 30-Hz wide bands of noise spanning center frequencies from 870 to 4160 Hz. The envelopes of the masking bands were always comodulated, and the envelope of the signal was either comodulated or random with respect to the masker. In some conditions, the maskers were gated on prior to the signal in order to minimize effects related to perceptual fusion of the signal and masker. CDD was computed as the difference between signal detection thresholds in conditions where all bands were comodulated and conditions where the envelope of the signal was random with respect to the envelopes of the maskers. Values of CDD were generally small in children compared to adults. In contrast, masking release related to masker∕signal onset asynchrony was comparable across age groups. The small CDDs in children are discussed in terms of sensitivity to comodulation as a perceptual fusion cue and informational masking associated with the detection of a signal in a complex background, an effect that is ameliorated by asynchronous onset.
New framework for monitoring systemic impacts of freshwater and wetland restoration actions
Creators: name: Carvalho, Laurence
name: Schwerk, Axel
name: Matthews, Keith
name: Blackstock, Kirsty
name: Okruszko, Tomasz
name: Anzaldua, Gerardo
name: Baattrup-Pedersen, Annette
name: Buijse, Tom
name: Colls, Miriam
name: Ecke, Frauke
name: Elosegi, Arturo
name: Evans, Christopher
name: Gerner, Nadine
name: González, Patricia Rodríguez
name: Grygoruk, Mateusz
name: Hein, Lars
name: Hering, Daniel
name: Herrero, Eva Hernandez
name: Hoffman, Carl Christian
name: Hopkins, Jonathan
name: Rouillard, Josselin
name: Scholl, Levin
name: Williamson, Jennifer
name: Birk, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Robust demonstration case-studies are needed to evaluate whether improvements in ecosystem condition are translated into improvements in ecosystem services. This research is essential for effectively scaling-up nature-based solutions across Europe and providing the evidence to support transformation agendas in society and industries, and ultimately supporting the ambitions of the European Green Deal. Clear guidance and standardised indicators help monitor the impact of freshwater and wetland restoration measures on European Green Deal goals. These monitoring indicators should include environmental indicators (e.g. for biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions and water storage capacity) as well as socio-economic indicators such as stakeholder representation, private finance mobilisation and job creation. A combined Before-After-Control-Intervention (BACI) monitoring design is recommended to provide robust evidence and attribute change to the restoration measures. Benchmark (cost or effort) and local/regional context data (e.g. land use, governance) are also needed alongside monitoring of impacts to not just measure what has happened at a site but to understand why it has happened.
Factors contributing to comodulation masking release with dichotic maskers (L)
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Detection threshold for a pure tone signal centered in a narrow band of noise may be reduced by inclusion of additional flanking masker bands, provided that they share coherent amplitude modulation (AM) across frequency. This comodulation masking release (CMR) associated with coherent AM across frequency is often much smaller if the signal and on-signal masker are presented to one ear and the flanking masker band(s) are presented contralaterally. An experiment was carried out to explore the role of peripheral effects (e.g., suppression) and central effects (e.g., grouping) in this finding. As frequently reported, CMR was smaller when two or more flanking maskers were presented contralaterally to the signal than when presented ipsilaterally. An intermediate condition, where a subset of flanking maskers was presented to each ear, provided comparable benefit to presenting all flankers ipsilateral to the signal. This result suggests that central effects may play a significant role in the reduced dichotic CMR under some conditions.
New framework for monitoring systemic impacts of freshwater and wetland restoration actions
Creators: name: Carvalho, Laurence
name: Schwerk, Axel
name: Matthews, Keith
name: Blackstock, Kirsty
name: Okruszko, Tomasz
name: Anzaldua, Gerardo
name: Baattrup-Pedersen, Annette
name: Buijse, Tom
name: Colls, Miriam
name: Ecke, Frauke
name: Elosegi, Arturo
name: Evans, Christopher
name: Gerner, Nadine
name: González, Patricia Rodríguez
name: Grygoruk, Mateusz
name: Hein, Lars
name: Hering, Daniel
name: Herrero, Eva Hernandez
name: Hoffman, Carl Christian
name: Hopkins, Jonathan
name: Rouillard, Josselin
name: Scholl, Levin
name: Spears, Bryan
name: Williamson, Jennifer
name: Birk, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Robust demonstration case-studies are needed to evaluate whether improvements in ecosystem condition are translated into improvements in ecosystem services. This research is essential for effectively scaling-up nature-based solutions across Europe and providing the evidence to support transformation agendas in society and industries, and ultimately supporting the ambitions of the European Green Deal. Clear guidance and standardised indicators help monitor the impact of freshwater and wetland restoration measures on European Green Deal goals. These monitoring indicators should include environmental indicators (e.g. for biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions and water storage capacity) as well as socio-economic indicators such as stakeholder representation, private finance mobilisation and job creation. A combined Before-After-Control-Intervention (BACI) monitoring design is recommended to provide robust evidence and attribute change to the restoration measures. Benchmark (cost or effort) and local/regional context data (e.g. land use, governance) are also needed alongside monitoring of impacts to not just measure what has happened at a site but to understand why it has happened.