cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 7 of High-resolution, non-invasive animal tracking and reconstruction of local environment in aquatic ecosystems
Creators: name: Francisco, Fritz A
name: Nührenberg, Paul
name: Jordan, Alex
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 7 A practical guide. A general guideline and comments regarding the implementation of our method.
Starspot mapping with adaptive parallel tempering I: Implementation of computational code
Creators: name: Ikuta, Kai
name: Maehara, Hiroyuki
name: Notsu, Yuta
name: Namekata, Kosuke
name: Kato, Taichi
name: Notsu, Shota
name: Okamoto, Soshi
name: Honda, Satoshi
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Shibata, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starspots are thought to be regions of locally strong magnetic fields, similar to sunspots, and they can generate photometric brightness modulations. To deduce stellar and spot properties, such as spot emergence and decay rates, we implement computational code for starspot modeling. It is implemented with an adaptive parallel tempering algorithm and an importance sampling algorithm for parameter estimation and model selection in the Bayesian framework. For evaluating the performance of the code, we apply it to synthetic light curves produced with 3 spots. The light curves are specified in the spot parameters, such as the radii, intensities, latitudes, longitudes, and emergence/decay durations. The spots are circular with specified radii and intensities relative to the photosphere, and the stellar differential rotation coefficient is also included in the light curves. As a result, stellar and spot parameters are uniquely deduced. The number of spots is correctly determined: the 3-spot model is preferable because the model evidence is much greater than that of 2-spot models by orders of magnitude and more than that of 4-spot model by a more modest factor, whereas the light curves are produced to have 2 or 1 local minimum during one equatorial rotation period by adjusting the values of longitude. The spot emergence and decay rates can be estimated with error less than an order of magnitude, considering the difference of the number of spots.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Food Away from Home Consumption and Obesity: Is ‘Average Consumer’ a Myth or Reality?
Creators: name: Kyureghian, Gayaneh
name: Kyureghian, Gayaneh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The epidemic proportions of overweight and obesity prevalence have made it not only a public health threat, but also an economic problem. The high caloric density and increased consumption of food-away-from-home endorse the possibility of significant effects of it on obesity. The objective of this study is to model meals consumed away from home consumption by accounting for consumer heterogeneity in making food consumption decisions. We use random coefficient modeling to estimate a negative binomial model to reveal consumer heterogeneity effects on food away from home. The results reveal significant associations between BMI_Status categories and food consumption both at home, but no significant associations with food away from home. We also established positive significant effects of caloric intake on meal consumption both at and away from home, with the latter being significantly larger than the former. The effects of the nutrient intake on meal consumption both at home and away from home have almost identical magnitude but opposite signs. The results of this research have significant policy implications as information on demographic profiles of people with overabundant but nutritionally poor food consumption habits would help to create more efficient and well targeted policy choices.
Modeling the momentum distributions of annihilating electron-positron pairs in solids
Creators: name: Makkonen, I.
name: Hakala, M.
name: Puska, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the Doppler broadening of the positron annihilation radiation or the angular correlation between the two annihilation gamma quanta reflects the momentum distribution of electrons seen by positrons in the material.Vacancy-type defects in solids localize positrons and the measured spectra are sensitive to the detailed chemical and geometric environments of the defects. However, the measured information is indirect and when using it in defect identification comparisons with theoretically predicted spectra is indispensable. In this article we present a computational scheme for calculating momentum distributions of electron-positron pairs annihilating in solids. Valence electron states and their interaction with ion cores are described using the all-electron projector augmented-wave method, and atomic orbitals are used to describe the core states. We apply our numerical scheme to selected systems and compare three different enhancement (electron-positron correlation) schemes previously used in the calculation of momentum distributions of annihilating electron-positron pairs within the density-functional theory. We show that the use of a state-dependent enhancement scheme leads to better results than a position-dependent enhancement factor in the case of ratios of Doppler spectra between different systems. Further, we demonstrate the applicability of our scheme for studying vacancy-type defects in metals and semiconductors. Especially we study the effect of forces due to a positron localized at a vacancy-type defect on the ionic relaxations.
description: Submitted to Physical Review B on September 1 2005. Revised manuscript submitted on November 14 2005
Impediments to Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Scale Maize Milling Enterprises in South Africa
Creators: name: Orefi, Abu
name: Orefi, Abu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Enterprises
subject: Maize
subject: Milling
subject: South Africa

description: The maize milling industry is highly characterised by continuous growth in maize milling and retailing margins in real terms (Traub and Jayne, 2004) despite the benefits and opportunities brought about by the deregulation of the South African maize market in 1997. This may be indicative of the inability of small and medium-scale maize milling enterprises (SMSMMEs) to emerge and compete with large-scale maize millers. This paper examines the constraints faced by SMSMMEs in South Africa. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Millers were asked to identify the various challenges facing their enterprises. Some key constraints identified were; high transport costs, high maize prices, brand name establishment and government policies such as the compulsory maize meal fortification regulation and high taxes. Other perceived constraints included lack of adequate infrastructure, storage facilities, access to credit and seasonality of maize grain.
Additional file 1 of Host DNA released by NETosis in neutrophils exposed to seasonal H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses
Creators: name: Chan, Louisa L. Y.
name: Nicholls, John M.
name: J. S. Malik Peiris
name: Lau, Yu Lung
name: Chan, Michael C. W.
name: Chan, Renee W. Y.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1 Fig. S1. p50 and p65 nuclear translocation in human type I-like pneumocyte upon influenza virus infection
Nonequilibrium phase transition in transport through a driven quantum point contact
Creators: name: Gamayun, Oleksandr
name: Slobodeniuk, Artur
name: Caux, Jean-Sébastien
name: Lychkovskiy, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transport of noninteracting fermions through a periodically driven quantum point contact (QPC) connecting two tight-binding chains. Initially, each chain is prepared in its own equilibrium state, generally with a bias in chemical potentials and temperatures. We examine the heating rate (or, alternatively, energy increase per cycle) in the nonequilibrium time-periodic steady state established after initial transient dynamics. We find that the heating rate vanishes identically when the driving frequency exceeds the bandwidth of the chain. We first establish this fact for a particular type of QPC where the heating rate can be calculated analytically. Then we verify numerically that this nonequilibrium phase transition is present for a generic QPC. Finally, we derive this effect perturbatively in leading order for cases when the QPC Hamiltonian can be considered as a small perturbation. Strikingly, we discover that for certain QPCs the current averaged over the driving cycle also vanishes above the critical frequency, despite a persistent bias. This shows that a driven QPC can act as a frequency-controlled quantum switch.
"Expansion" around the vacuum: how far can we go from Lambda?
Creators: name: Alcaniz, J. S.
name: Stefancic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological constant ($Λ$), i.e., the energy density stored in the true vacuum state of all existing fields in the Universe, is the simplest and the most natural possibility to describe the current cosmic acceleration. However, despite its observational successes, such a possibility exacerbates the well known $Λ$ problem, requiring a natural explanation for its small, but nonzero, value. In this paper we discuss how different our Universe may be from the $Λ$CDM model by studying observational aspects of a kind of "expansion" around the vacuum given by the equation of (EOS) $p_{d}=-ρ_{d} - A ρ_{d}^α$. In different parameter regimes such a parametrization is capable of describing both quintessence-like and phantom-like dark energy, transient acceleration, and various (non)singular possibilities for the final destiny of the Universe, including singularities at finite values of the scale factor, the so-called "Big Rip", as well as sudden future singularities. By using some of the most recent cosmological observations we show that if the functional form of the dark energy EOS has additional parameters very little can be said about their values from the current observational results, which postpones, until the arrival of more precise observational data, a definitive answer to the question posed above.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: The investigation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline formation in fragrant and non-fragrant rice during cooking
Creators: name: Wei, Xuan
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is a popcorn-like aroma compound with low odour detection threshold. This compound is regarded as the key contributor of fragrant rice aroma. 2-AP can be detected in fragrant rice, whereas the content of this compound in non-fragrant rice is too low to be detected. Levels of 2-AP in raw fragrant rice can be affected by abiotic stress and growth conditions, such as climate and soil conditions. Whereas it was originally thought that this compound could not be enhanced post-harvest, including cooking. One previous study in our research group demonstrated that 2-AP could be increased in fragrant rice after baking at 180 °C for 20 min. Hence, the objective of this project was to evaluate the mechanism of 2-AP formation in rice during cooking. 2-AP content was evaluated in fragrant and non-fragrant rice prepared by different cooking methods. The results of sensory evaluation on boiled milled rice confirmed that 2-AP and its popcorn-like aroma is the most important factor to differentiate fragrant and non-fragrant rice. Popcorn-like aroma was also noticed in boiled non-fragrant rice and the results from GColfactometry confirmed the presence of 2-AP in raw non-fragrant rice. Levels of 2-AP increased on baking milled rice (without water addition) at 180 °C. As the high level of lipids and polyphenols in rice bran might affect 2-AP formation during baking, 2-AP was not observed in rice bran after baking. When milled rice was baked at a range of temperatures, formation of 2-AP in fragrant and nonfragrant rice showed different trends; maximum 2-AP formation was observed in fragrant rice at around 100 °C, whereas 2-AP formation in non-fragrant rice only took place when the baking temperature was higher than 140 °C. Addition of intermediate compounds confirmed that the 2- AP formation at 180 °C occurred through Maillard reaction; the addition of external 1-pyrroline and methylglyoxal was shown to reduce 2-AP generation yield at 100 °C. These results suggested that formation of 2-AP in both fragrant and non-fragrant rice is driven by Maillard reaction at 180 °C baking. However, 2-AP generation in fragrant rice during baking at 100 °C may follow another reaction pathway and this pathway is sensitive to 1-pyrroline and methylglyoxal. Further research should focus on the effect of biosynthesis on 2-AP generation at 100 °C baking.
The Distributional Effects of Horticultural Export Value Chains among Smallholders In Southern Ghana
Creators: name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Increasing foreign exchange problems and deteriorating prices of traditional export commodities have led policy makers and donor agencies to seek diversification in export crop production. In Ghana, crops such as pineapples and mangoes appear promising because of their high labour intensity and the expanding demand for fruits in Europe. Notwithstanding, there is a possible trade-off between export and food crop production because of the possibility of resource re-allocation. So far the major concern of government has been the macro-economic growth in terms export earnings while the distributional effects and impacts on household food security remain under-investigated. The study focused on a household survey undertaken in the forest and coastal-savannah transition zones, where the farming system has undergone a transition from established food-crop farming for urban markets to an intensive production of horticultural products for export. Logistic regression and a semi-log function were used to estimate the determinants of household food availability and income respectively. Results show that households engaged in export horticulture are better-off than those which do not. Yet, the sole adoption of staple or export crop is not a sufficient condition for improving household food security. Household land endowment and income are fairly to strongly unequally distributed, with higher inequality observed among households engaged in the combined scenario. The paper concludes that linkages which allow simultaneous and reliably access to a range of resources and services – purchased farm inputs, symmetric market information and technological know-how are critical if smallholders are to survive in increasingly competitive global food markets.
Studying in a foreign country : the decentralization of international student policy in British Columbia’s public education system
Creators: name: Erickson, Jennifer C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper examines the development of a decentralized policy structure governing the education of non-resident students attending international education programs in British Columbian public schools. These students are from foreign countries, neither they nor their parents are residents of the province, and they pay tuition fees to attend school. Currently, school districts retain responsibility for developing policies governing the presence of these students in their schools, the educational programs they receive, and the tuition fees they are charged. They are also responsible for determining how any revenue generated by these programs is used. This decentralized structure is the result of a policy directive issued in 1979 that remains unchanged as it best serves the most powerful interests involved in this issue: school districts, provincial politicians and the Ministry of Education. This paper also considers two related issues that have resulted from the current policy model: the effect of tuition fee revenue on educational equality and the lack o f health and safety protection for the students attending international education programs. It questions the role of these programs within the larger context of the commodification of public education in the province. George Hoberg's policy regime framework is used as a basis for examining the roles of actors, institutions and ideas in contributing to the current policy model. Each variable and the pressure it exerts on policy change or inertia is examined in detail. In this case, those variables promoting maintenance of the status quo are the most powerful and currently prevent policy centralization. Finally, options for policy change and methods of better addressing educational equality and international student safety while allowing for program growth in the future are considered.
Note on Generalized Symmetries, Gapless Excitations, Generalized Symmetry Protected Topological states, and Anomaly
Creators: name: Jian, Chao-Ming
name: Xu, Cenke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum many body systems with generalized symmetries, such as the higher form symmetries introduced recently, and the "tensor symmetry". We consider a general form of lattice Hamiltonians which allow a certain level of nonlocality. Based on the assumption of dual generalized symmetries, we explicitly construct low energy excited states. We also derive the 't Hooft anomaly for the general Hamiltonians after "gauging" the dual generalized symmetries. A 3d system with dual anomalous 1-form symmetries can be viewed as the boundary of a 4d generalized symmetry protected topological (SPT) state with 1-form symmetries. We also present a prototype example of 4d SPT state with mixed 1-form and 0-form symmetry topological response theory as well as its physical construction. The boundary of this SPT state can be a 3d anomalous QED state, or an anomalous 1-form symmetry enriched topological order. Insights are gained by dimensional compatification/reduction. After dimensional compactification, the 3d system with N pairs of dual 1-form symmetries reduces to a 1d system with 2N pairs of dual U(1) global symmetries, which is the boundary of an ordinary 2d SPT state; while the 3d system with the tensor symmetry reduces to a 1d Lifshitz theory, which is protected by the center of mass conservation of the system.
description: 13 pages
Les Marges De Commercialisation Et L’équité Du Commerce Des Produits Alimentaires Au Togo
Creators: name: Koffi-Tessio, Egnonto M.
name: Tossou, Kokou A.
name: Homevoh, Etsri
name: Koffi-Tessio, Egnonto M.
name: Tossou, Kokou A.
name: Homevoh, Etsri
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: marges commerciales
subject: équité du commerce
subject: sécurité alimentaire

description: Face à l'inefficacité et l'inefficience des systèmes de commercialisation en ASS, la présente étude tente d’évaluer les marges commerciales et l’équité du commerce du maïs, du sorgho, du gari, de la tomate, de l’oignon, du poisson et du bétail au Togo. Elle conclut que les circuits commerciaux du pays s’intègrent dans un système commercial régional qui se traduit par des flux ouverts sur les pays voisins (Bénin, Ghana, Burkina) et lointains (Niger, Gabon). L’analyse des marges a permis de constater que le commerce des produits alimentaires est en général viable. Toutefois, les marges nettes demeurent modestes. L’analyse de l’équité révèle que la distribution des bénéfices sur les tronçons, n’est pas équitable. Certains acteurs amassent d’énormes profits qu’ils semblent tirer de leur monopole et de l’asymétrie de l’information sur les conditions de marché. Dès lors, il importe pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire au Togo, d’entreprendre des actions visant à : réduire le coût du service transport des produits alimentaires en milieu rural; d' améliorer la disponibilité et l'accessibilité de l'information pour l'ensemble des acteurs du marché céréalier (producteurs, consommateurs et commerçants).La mise en œuvre de ces politiques permettra alors de garantir la sécurité alimentaire à travers une meilleure disponibilité et une meilleure accessibilité des produits alimentaires aux consommateurs.
Transparent mirror effect in twist-angle-disordered bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Joy, Sandeep
name: Khalid, Saad
name: Skinner, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When light is incident on a medium with spatially disordered index of refraction, interference effects lead to near-perfect reflection when the number of dielectric interfaces is large, so that the medium becomes a "transparent mirror." We investigate the analog of this effect for electrons in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), for which local fluctuations of the twist angle give rise to a spatially random Fermi velocity. In a description that includes only spatial variation of Fermi velocity, we derive the incident-angle-dependent localization length for the case of quasi-one-dimensional disorder by mapping this problem onto one dimensional Anderson localization. The localization length diverges at normal incidence as a consequence of Klein tunneling, leading to a power-law decay of the transmission when averaged over incidence angle. In a minimal model of TBG, the modulation of twist angle also shifts the location of the Dirac cones in momentum space in a way that can be described by a random gauge field, and thus Klein tunneling is inexact. However, when the Dirac electron's incident momentum is large compared to these shifts, the primary effect of twist disorder is only to shift the incident angle associated with perfect transmission away from zero. These results suggest a mechanism for disorder-induced collimation, valley filtration, and energy filtration of Dirac electron beams, so that TBG offers a promising new platform for Dirac fermion optics.
description: 10+3 pages, 6+1 figures
title: Aula de Artilharia de Goa
Creators: name: Santiago Faria, Alice
Publisher: name: CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Year: 2022

description: Entrada histórica sobre a instituição Aula de Artilharia de Goa, Índia, na plataforma eViterbo
description: Faria, Alice Santiago. 2022. Aula de Artilharia de Goa in eViterbo. CHAM, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. eISBN: 978-989-8492-77-7
Additional file 1 of Validation of an e-health readiness assessment framework for developing countries
Creators: name: Mauco, Kabelo Leonard
name: Scott, Richard E.
name: Mars, Maurice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1: Validation experts’ suggested modifications to the framework; open ended responses. Open ended responses to a validation questionnaire by e-health experts.
Non-linear exciton spin-splitting in single InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum structures in ultrahigh magnetic fields
Creators: name: Babinski, A.
name: Ortner, G.
name: Raymond, S.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Hawrylak, P.
name: Forchel, A.
name: Wasilewski, Z.
name: Fafard, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the magnetic field dispersion of the exciton spin-splitting and diamagnetic shift in single InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) and dot molecules (QDMs) up to $B$ = 28 T. Only for systems with strong geometric confinement, the dispersions can be well described by simple field dependencies, while for dots with weaker confinement considerable deviations are observed: most importantly, in the high field limit the spin-splitting shows a non-linear dependence on $B$, clearly indicating light hole admixtures to the valence band ground state.
Inflationary cosmology- A new approach using Non-linear electrodynamics
Creators: name: Sarkar, Payel
name: Das, Prasanta Kumar
name: Samanta, Gauranga Charan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a new kind of field of nonlinear electrodynamics(NLED) which acts as a source of gravity and can accelerate the universe during the inflationary era. We propose a new type of NLED lagrangian which is charecterized by two paremetrs $α$ and $β$. We investigate the classical stability and causality aspects of this model by demanding that the speed ($C_s = \frac{dP}{dρ}$) of the sound wave $C_s^2 > 0$ and $C_s \le 1$ and find that $0 < C_s^2 < 1$ corresponds to $0.25 \le α\le 0.4$ and $0.6 \le βB^2 \le 1$. A study of the deceleration parameter($q = \frac{1}{2}(1 + 3 ω)$, $ω= P/ρ$ being the equation of state parameter) suggests that the value $q < 0$ (i.e. $ω< -1/3$ and $\ddot{a}(t) > 0$ ( the accelerating universe)) requires $βB^2 \ge 0.13$. During inflation, the energy density $ρ_B$ is found to be maximum and is given by $ρ_B^{max} = 0.65/β$ corresponding to $α= 0.3$. The magnetic field necessary to trigger the inflation, is found to be $B (= B_{max}) \simeq \sqrt{\frac{0.4 ρ_B^{max}}{0.65}} = 4 \times 10^{51}~{\rm Gauss}$, where $ρ_{B}^{max}( =10^{64}~{\rm GeV}^4 $) is the energy density of the universe during inflation. The model also predict the e-fold number $N = 71$, which agrees with the experimental result.
description: 11 pages, 17 figures
Simultaneous QCD analysis of diffractive and inclusive DIS data
Creators: name: Watt, G.
name: Martin, A. D.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel analysis of diffractive DIS data, in which the input parton distributions of the Pomeron are parameterised using perturbative QCD expressions. In addition to the usual two-gluon model for the perturbative Pomeron, we allow for the possibility that it may be made from two sea quarks. In particular, we treat individually the components of the Pomeron of different size. This property allows the absorptive corrections to the inclusive DIS structure function F_2 to be calculated using the AGK cutting rules. The absorptive effects are found to enhance the size of the gluon distribution of the proton at small x.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the Diffraction 2004 Workshop, Cala Gonone, Sardinia, Italy, 18-23 September 2004
Nonvanishing string tension of elastic membrane models
Creators: name: Koibuchi, Hiroshi
name: Kusano, Nobuyuki
name: Nidaira, Atsusi
name: Suzuki, Komei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations on spherical surfaces with two fixed vertices separated by the distance L, we find that the second-order phase transition changes to the first-order one when L is sufficiently large. We find that string tension σ\not= 0 in the smooth phase while σ\to 0 in the wrinkled phase.
description: 10 pages with 6 figures
Engaging the private sector in Global Skills Partnerships: exploring the potential of international Business-to-Business approaches
Creators: name: Poeschel, Friedrich
name: Boland, Colleen
name: de Lange, Tesseltje
name: Ruhs, Martin
name: Saka-Helmhout, Ayse
Publisher: name: Global Strategy for Skills, Migration and Development (GS4S)
Year: 2025

description: This working paper is D7.3 (T2.4) of the Horizon Europe project 'Global Strategy for Skills, Migration and Development' (GS4S). Global skills partnerships (GSPs), or bilateral labour mobility/migration agreements between country of origin and destination, where the country of origin trains workers in skills needed in both countries, were initially envisioned as public-private endeavours. Various GSPs have since been implemented, albeit mostly in pilot form. These pilot programmes have encountered challenges in engaging employers and the private sector, as well as in sustaining and scaling up the number of participants. To remedy this, this paper asks how private sector actors in comparable settings are operating in terms of training and attracting workers, and if they are leading or managing structures similar to GSPs with other businesses already. The goal of this exercise is to understand how business-to-business (B2B) partnerships may be designed to function well as a GSP, such that it culminates in beneficial outcomes for all stakeholders: not only the businesses involved but also workers themselves, as well as the countries of origin and destination. As part of this, the paper establishes some important factors and policy levers to keep in mind when designing or regulating a B2B partnership, for audiences ranging from EU policy makers to NGOs, training centres, and businesses considering B2B approaches to GSPs. To accomplish these aims, the paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, it first highlights the potential involvement of businesses in skills-based migration schemes, pointing to the literature’s limited evidence to date on business involvement. Then, in order to evaluate concrete B2B setups for GSPs, Section 3 outlines a list of criteria. Section 4 proceeds to conduct a SWOT analysis of various B2B setups. Finally, Section 5 presents implications and concluding observations, including for policy-making and current debates. As an initial thought piece on the advantages and drawbacks of GSPs at an intersection with B2B setups, this work serves as a springboard for future studies.
Full Counting Statistics with Spin-sensitive Detectors reveals Spin-singlets
Creators: name: Di Lorenzo, Antonio
name: Nazarov, Yuli V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the full counting statistics of electric current to several drain terminals with spin-dependent entrance conductances. We show that the statistics of charge transfers can be interpreted in terms of single electrons and spin-singlet pairs coming from the source. If the source contains transport channels of high transparency, a significant fraction of electrons comes in spin-singlet pairs.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Radial fall of a test particle onto an evaporating black hole
Creators: name: Aste, Andreas
name: Trautmann, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A test particle falling into a classical black hole crosses the event horizon and ends up in the singularity within finite eigentime. In the `more realistic' case of a `classical' evaporating black hole, an observer falling onto a black hole observes a sudden evaporation of the hole. This illustrates the fact that the discussion of the classical process commonly found in the literature may become obsolete when the black hole has a finite lifetime. The situation is basically the same for more complex cases, e.g. where a particle collides with two merging black holes. It should be pointed out that the model used in this paper is mainly of academic interest, since the description of the physics near a black hole horizon still presents a difficult problem which is not yet fully understood, but our model provides a valuable possibility for students to enter the interesting field of black hole physics and to perform numerical calculations of their own which are not very involved from the computational point of view.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, LATEX
Etude Critique de la Recherche sur la Developpement Agricole en Afrique Subsaharienne
Creators: name: Eicher, Carl K.
name: Baker, Doyle Curtis
name: Eicher, Carl K.
name: Baker, Doyle Curtis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: agricultural development

description: This survey focuses on the rural economy which is broadly defined to include the agricultural sector plus rural nonfarm activities such as small-scale industry, trade, processing, and fishing. It reviews research on migration, employment, and income distribution in order to understand linkages between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors.
Shape fluctuations and elastic properties of two-component bilayer membranes
Creators: name: Imparato, Alberto
name: Shillcock, Julian C.
name: Lipowsky, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic properties of two-component bilayer membranes are studied using a coarse grain model for amphiphilic molecules. The two species of amphiphiles considered here differ only in their length. Molecular Dynamics simulations are performed in order to analyze the shape fluctuations of the two-component bilayer membranes and to determine their bending rigidity. Both the bending rigidity and its inverse are found to be nonmonotonic functions of the mole fraction $x_{\rm B}$ of the shorter B-amphiphiles and, thus, do not satisfy a simple lever rule. The intrinsic area of the bilayer also exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on $x_{\rm B}$ and a maximum close to $x_{\rm B} \simeq 1/2$.
description: To appear on Europhysics Letters
Umbral chromospheric fine structure and umbral flashes modelled as one: the corrugated umbra
Creators: name: Henriques, Vasco M. J.
name: Nelson, Chris J.
name: van der Voort, Luc H. M. Rouppe
name: Mathioudakis, Mihalis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small-scale umbral brightenings (SSUBs), umbral microjets, spikes or short dynamic fibrils (SDFs), and umbral dark fibrils are found in any observation of the chromosphere with sufficient spatial resolution. We study the spatial and spectral co-evolution of SDFs, SSUBs, and umbral flashes in Ca II 8542 spectral profiles. We produce models that generate the spectral profiles for all classes of features using non-LTE radiative transfer with a recent version of the NICOLE inversion code. We find that both bright (SSUBs) and dark (SDFs) structures are described with a continuous feature in the parameter space that is distinct from the surroundings even in pixel-by-pixel inversions. We find a phase difference between such features and umbral flashes in both inverted line-of-sight velocities and timing of the brightenings. For umbral flashes themselves we resolve, for the first time in inversion-based semi-empirical modelling, the pre-flash downflows, post-flash upflows, and the counter-flows present during the umbral flash phase. We further present a simple time-dependent cartoon model that explains the dynamics and spectral profiles of both fine structure, dark and bright, and umbral flashes in umbral chromospheres. Conclusions. The similarity of the profiles between the brightenings and umbral flashes, the pattern of velocities obtained from the inversions, and the phase relationships between the structures all lead us to put forward that all dynamic umbral chromospheric structures observed to this date are a locally delayed or locally early portion of the oscillatory flow pattern that generates flashes, secondary to the steepening large-scale acoustic waves at its source. Essentially, SSUBs are part of the same shock or merely compression front responsible for the spatially larger umbral flash phenomenon, but out of phase with the broader oscillation.
description: Accepted for A&A. Abbreviated abstract. Pre-production draft
Research on Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Survey
Creators: name: Eicher, Carl K.
name: Baker, Doyle Curtis
name: Eicher, Carl K.
name: Baker, Doyle Curtis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: agricultural development

description: This survey focuses on the rural economy which is broadly defined to include the agricultural sector plus rural nonfarm activities such as small-scale industry, trade, processing, and fishing. It reviews research on migration, employment, and income distribution in order to understand linkages between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors.
Out-of-plane corrugations in graphene based van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Zihlmann, Simon
name: Makk, Péter
name: Rehmann, Mirko K.
name: Wang, Lujun
name: Kedves, Máté
name: Indolese, David
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Zumbühl, Dominik M.
name: Schönenberger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional materials are usually envisioned as flat, truly 2D layers. However out-of-plane corrugations are inevitably present in these materials. In this manuscript, we show that graphene flakes encapsulated between insulating crystals (hBN, WSe2), although having large mobilities, surprisingly contain out-of-plane corrugations. The height fluctuations of these corrugations are revealed using weak localization measurements in the presence of a static in-plane magnetic field. Due to the random out-of-plane corrugations, the in-plane magnetic field results in a random out-of-plane component to the local graphene plane, which leads to a substantial decrease of the phase coherence time. Atomic force microscope measurements also confirm a long range height modulation present in these crystals. Our results suggest that phase coherent transport experiments relying on purely in-plane magnetic fields in van der Waals heterostructures have to be taken with serious care.
Development Model of Rural Industrialization in China
Creators: name: Chen, Weihong
name: Zhang, Ruide
name: Liu, Guichuan
name: Chen, Weihong
name: Zhang, Ruide
name: Liu, Guichuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Rural industrialization
subject: Development model
subject: Policy suggestion
subject: China

description: With the implementation of the policy of expanding domestic demand, farmers have become the main body of rural economy and rural industrialization. Development of rural industrialization promotes the development of rural economy in China, effectively transfers the surplus labor force in rural areas, continuously optimizes the rural economic structure, improves the living standard of farmers, and has made important contributions to the stability and development of economy and society in China. This paper introduces the connotation of rural industrialization, classifies it into three modes according to the farmer’s investment and economic development, such as exogenous model of rural industrialization, endogenous model of rural industrialization and integrated model of rural industrialization. Though rural industrialization has obtained great achievements, there are still some problems restricting the development of rural economy in China. For instance, cognitive bias leads to the slow pace of rural industrialization; rural industry develops rapidly but its efficiency is low; intensive degree of economic growth is still very low; ability of independent innovation is weak; there are obvious contradiction between the constraints of resource and environment and the acceleration of industrialization; and development gap between regions has further widened. Therefore, policy suggestions are put forward. Firstly, continue to strengthen policy support. Secondly, take a new road of rural industrialization. Thirdly, strengthen the construction of human resources in rural areas. Fourthly, actively guide the investment behavior of farmers. And finally, support the specialty cooperative of farmers and the leading enterprises, which has certain reference significance to enhance agricultural benefit, farmers’ income, rural development and modern agriculture.
The Christmas Wish
Creators: name: Ranque, Shiela Marie
Publisher: name: Pinagpala Publishing Services
Year: 2024

description: The church bell pealed. It was 4:30 AM, 16th of December. It was the first day of novena for Simbang Gabi. But I never bothered jolted up in bed to go church. My faith is more profound than that devotion.

After a while, I heard rushing footsteps from my neighbors, and their cars ignited. I felt guilty. It has been 18 years since I had my Simbang Gabi in our village. According to my friends back then, whatever you wish will be granted when you finish the 9-day novena. Being insecure about our economic standing, I wish for a TV, a ref, and a washing machine. I secretly envied my friends because they owned these appliances while my family did not. When we watch TV, we need to walk for a kilometer and knock on the door of Manang Idang’s family, the sole household that had a TV at that time. Their house was the cinema house in the village. Every night, their house was full of people. Every dawn during Simbang Gabi, I prayed passionately. Aside from those, I also prayed to secure my rank on the honor roll even if I did not study. I was responsible enough to help Mama sell her vegetables and kakanin. Looking back, I laughed at how immature I was. I collected my thoughts when I felt kicks from my belly.
Implications of Growing Biofuel Demands on Northeast Livestock Feed Costs
Creators: name: Schmit, Todd M.
name: Verteramo, Leslie J.
name: Tomek, William G.
name: Schmit, Todd M.
name: Verteramo, Leslie J.
name: Tomek, William G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: biofuels
subject: commodity prices
subject: distillers dried grains with solubles
subject: livestock feed costs

description: The relationship between complete-feed prices and ingredient prices is estimated in order to analyze the effect of higher commodity prices on feed costs, with particular attention paid to the substitutability of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Using the historical price correlation between corn and DDGS, each $1 per ton increase in the price of corn increases feed costs between $0.45 and $0.59 per ton across livestock sectors. Marginal feed costs based on lower forecasted price correlations are reduced between $0.05 to $0.12 per ton across livestock sectors, but only for the dairy ration is the reduction statistically significant. Overall, DDGS cost savings are relatively limited and insufficient to offset the impact of other higher-priced feedstocks.
The Provision Point Mechanism and Scenario Rejection in Contingent Valuation
Creators: name: Groothuis, Peter A.
name: Whitehead, John C.
name: Groothuis, Peter A.
name: Whitehead, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: provision point mechanism
subject: contingent valuation
subject: willingness to pay
subject: public goods

description: The provision point mechanism mitigates free-riding behavior in economic experiments. In two contingent valuation method surveys, we implement the provision point design. We ask respondents for their perceptions about the success of the provision point mechanism. We find that respondents who believe that the provision point would not be met are more likely to say no to a contingent valuation dichotomous choice question. The scenario rejection that arises may result in biased willingness-to-pay estimates.
Raman scattering in osmium under pressure
Creators: name: Ponosov, Yu. S.
name: Loa, I.
name: Mogilenskikh, V. E.
name: Syassen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of pressure and temperature on the Raman-active phonon mode of osmium metal has been investigated for pressures up to 20 GPa and temperatures in the range 10--300 K. Under hydrostatic conditions (He pressure medium) the phonon frequency increases at a rate of 0.73(5) cm^{-1}/GPa (T = 300 K). A large temperature-induced and wavelength-dependent frequency shift of the phonon frequency is observed, of which only a small fraction can be associated with the thermal volume change. The main contribution to the temperature dependence of the phonon frequency is rather attributed to non-adiabatic effects in the electron-phonon interaction, which explains also the observation of an increasing phonon line width upon cooling. The phonon line width and the pressure-induced frequency shift were found to be unusually sensitive to shear stress.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures