Rhinolophus sedulus K. Andersen 1905
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus sedulus

description: 97. Lesser <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus sedulus</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe</i> diligent / <b>German:</b> <i>Kleine Wollhaar-Hufeisennase</i> / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura lanoso <i>pequeno</i> Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus sedulus</i> K. Andersen, 1905, “ Sarawak,” Malaysia. <i>Rhinolophus sedulus</i> is included in the <i> <i>trifoliatus</i> species group, and appears to be close to <i>R. trifoliatus.</i> Monotypic.</i> <b>Distribution.</b> Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head—body 47—51 mm, tail 19-30 mm, ear 17-21 mm, hindfoot 10 mm, forearm 37—48 mm; weight 6-8— 11 g. Fur is long and <i>fluffy</i>; dorsal pelage is dark brown or black with a grayish reflection (tips of hairs grayish); ventral pelage is similar but without a grayish reflection. Ears are medium-sized and dark brown to black. Noseleaf is dark brown or black, with a nearly straight-sided lancet; connecting process is moderately low and rounded; sella is nearly parallel-sided above and deflected downward at the tip, and has large circular lateral lappets at the base; horseshoe is c.10- 3 mm wide and has a <i>relatively</i> small median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Skull is small but robust (zygomatic width <i>always</i> greater than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are moderately inflated and do not reach anteriorly to the border of the rostrum; posterior swellings are less inflated; sagittal crest is less developed than in other species of the <i>trifoliatus</i> group; frontal depression is deeply hollowed; supraorbital crests are prominent with sharp ridges. <i>C</i> 1 is short but not exceptionally strong; P2 is medium-sized to <i>fairly</i> large with a minute cusp, and is within the tooth row; P3 is moderate-sized and extruded from the tooth row to a variable degree; P and P4 are touching or nearly so. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FNa = 52 (Peninsular Malaysia). Habitat. <i>Mainly</i> found in primary tropical forest <i>but</i> also known from secondary forest. Recorded from sea level up to 1500 m; most <i>commonly</i> found at lower elevations. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. The Lesser <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat forages for insects in the forest <i>understory</i>. Breeding. Unlike most horseshoe bats that are polygynous, Lesser <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bats may be monogamous. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Lesser <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat commonly roosts in tree hollows, or <i>occasionally</i> under foliage, <i>rarely</i> roosting in caves and culverts. Call shape is FM/ CF/FM with a peak F recorded at 66-8 kHz in Peninsular Malaysia, and 62 kHz and 76 kHz in Sabah (two individuals). <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> Lesser <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bats roost singly or in small groups. They have small home ranges, recorded at a 400-m radius from the roost. This species was reported roosting with the Great <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat (Ä <i>luctus</i> <i>)</i> in a culvert in Borneo. <b>Status and</b> Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on <i>The IUCNed List.</i> The Lesser <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat is dependent on lowland forests, which have experienced widespread deforestation from logging, forest fires, and agricultural expansion throughout the species’ distribution. It may also be threatened <b>by</b> general roost disturbance. The species already appears to be rare, occurring at low densities throughout its distribution. <b>Bibliography.</b> Blundell (1996), Csorba <i>eta</i> /. (2003), <i>rancis</i> (2008 <i>a</i>), Heller eta/. (1993), Hutson &amp; Kingston (2008a), Kingston (2013), Kingston, rancis eta/. (2003), Kingston, Jones eta/. (2000), <i>Kingston</i>, Lim &amp; Zubaid (2006), Phillipps &amp; Phillipps (2016), Soisook, Niyomwan <i>eta</i> /. (2010), Soisook, Struebig eta/. (2015), <i>Tingga</i> et <i>al.</i> (2012), Volleth eta/. (2014), Zhang Lin et <i>al.</i> (2018).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 328, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525