cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population-based evaluation of two regimens for emergency contraception : a pharmacoepidemiologic study
Creators: name: Leung, Vivian Wing Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The Yuzpe (YZP) and levonorgestrel (LNG) emergency contraceptive (EC) regimens can prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse (UPI). This investigation was aimed at measuring EC users' pregnancy rates under routine clinical conditions, comparing the effectiveness of the two regimens, reporting effectiveness using informative effect measures, and evaluating the impact of the timing of receiving ECs on the pregnancy rate. This cohort study included women who received pharmacist-prescribed ECs within a 25-month period. Treatment consent forms were matched to prescription records, which were linked to community and hospital medical records, to identify pregnancy-related administrative codes. Three experts adjudicated the data for time-compatible outcomes, and an observed pregnancy rate was determined for each regimen. The regimens were compared using logistic regression modeling, with adjustment for covariates. To evaluate EC effectiveness, observed pregnancy rates were compared against estimated expected pregnancy rates. The impact of EC timing was assessed by estimating the absolute risk reduction over time, and with logistic regression. Among 7493 women in the cohort, there were 99 (2.2%) and 94 (3.1%) compatible pregnancies in the LNG and YZP groups, respectively (p = 0.02). The crude odds ratio of pregnancy (LNG vs. YZP) was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.94). The adjusted odds ratio was ~0.65 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.89) in the main analysis and sensitivity analyses. The expected pregnancy rate was ~4.1% in both groups. For LNG, the relative and absolute risk reductions were 47.6% and 2.0%, respectively [number needed to treat (NNT) = 50]. For YZP, the relative and absolute risk reductions were 24.4% and 1.0%, respectively (NNT = 100). Absolute risk reductions in the combined cohort decreased from 2% for EC dispensed within 24 hours to <1% beyond 72 hours after UPI. The adjusted odds of pregnancy increased by 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04-1.57) for each additional day after UPI. In conclusion, the LNG regimen was found to be superior to the YZP regimen for preventing pregnancy in routine clinical use. Given the limited effectiveness and treatment timeframe of these oral ECs, alternative forms of EC and regular contraception should be considered, and personalized according to each woman's preferences.
Effect of dipolar interactions on optical nonlinearity of two-dimensional nanocomposites
Creators: name: Panov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we calculate the contribution of dipole-dipole interactions to the optical nonlinearity of the two-dimensional random ensemble of nanoparticles that possess a set of exciton levels, for example, quantum dots. The analytical expressions for the contributions in the cases of TM and TE-polarized light waves propagating along the plane are obtained. It is shown that the optical nonlinearity, caused by the dipole-dipole interactions in the planar ensemble of the nanoparticles, is several times smaller than the similar nonlinearity of the bulk nanocomposite. This type of optical nonlinearity is expected to be observed at timescales much larger than the quantum dot exciton rise time. The proposed method may be applied to various types of the nanocomposite shapes.
description: 8 pages
title: The evolution of a discard policy in Europe
Creators: name: Borges, Lisa
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The European Commission, as the executive body of the European Union, has the mandate of proposing future policies in fisheries management. In European waters the practice of discarding part of the catch at sea is presently legal, and in some circumstances compulsory. However, discards have become more important in the public eye, increasing pressure for the EC to propose measures to, if not banned altogether, to at least reduce discards significantly. Since 2006 specific EC initiatives were taken to consult stakeholders in order to shape a future discard policy. The proposal that followed was based on a progressive reduction of discards by fishery, where specific discard reduction targets were set over a period of time. However, an international incident increased public awareness on discards and, together with the slow pace of implementation of the above approach, significantly increased the political pressure for the EC to deal quickly with this issue. At the same time, some Member States argued for increases in Total Allowable Catches in order to decrease discards of commercially size species. These events resulted in a rethink of the future discard policy, but more importantly it highlighted the difficulty of protecting a unique strong year class of stocks under severe fishing pressure and in poor state. The issues associated to the new discard policy in data quality, control and enforcement and its effectiveness in protecting a strong year class are presented and discussed in this paper
Functional vascularized lung grafts for lung bioengineering
Creators: name: Dorrello, Nicolino Valerio
name: Guenthart, Brandon A.
name: O'Neill, John David
name: Kim, Jinho
name: Cunningham, Katherine
name: Chen, Ya-Wen
name: Biscotti, Mauer
name: Swayne, Theresa C.
name: Wobma, Holly Michelle
name: Huang, Sarah X. L.
name: Snoeck, Hans-Willem
name: Bacchetta, Matthew
name: Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Bioengineering
Lungs--Diseases--Treatment
Vascular grafts
Biomedical engineering
Lungs
Medicine

description: End-stage lung disease is the third leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 400,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with lung disease, new therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting lung repair and increasing the number of donor lungs available for transplantation are being explored. Because of the extreme complexity of this organ, previous attempts at bioengineering functional lungs from fully decellularized or synthetic scaffolds lacking functional vasculature have been largely unsuccessful. An intact vascular network is critical not only for maintaining the blood-gas barrier and allowing for proper graft function but also for supporting the regenerative cells. We therefore developed an airway-specific approach to removing the pulmonary epithelium, while maintaining the viability and function of the vascular endothelium, using a rat model. The resulting vascularized lung grafts supported the attachment and growth of human adult pulmonary cells and stem cell–derived lung-specified epithelial cells. We propose that de-epithelialization of the lung with preservation of intact vasculature could facilitate cell therapy of pulmonary epithelium and enable bioengineering of functional lungs for transplantation.
In-phase and anti-phase synchronization in noisy Hodgkin-Huxley neurons
Creators: name: Ao, Xue
name: Hanggi, Peter
name: Schmid, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We numerically investigate the influence of intrinsic channel noise on the dynamical response of delay-coupling in neuronal systems. The stochastic dynamics of the spiking is modeled within a stochastic modification of the standard Hodgkin-Huxley model wherein the delay-coupling accounts for the finite propagation time of an action potential along the neuronal axon. We quantify this delay-coupling of the Pyragas-type in terms of the difference between corresponding presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane potentials. For an elementary neuronal network consisting of two coupled neurons we detect characteristic stochastic synchronization patterns which exhibit multiple phase-flip bifurcations: The phase-flip bifurcations occur in form of alternate transitions from an in-phase spiking activity towards an anti-phase spiking activity. Interestingly, these phase-flips remain robust in strong channel noise and in turn cause a striking stabilization of the spiking frequency.
A Data Mining Framework for Building Intrusion Detection Models
Creators: name: Lee, Wenke
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Mok, Kui W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science

description: There is often the need to update an installed intrusion detection system (IDS) due to new attack methods or upgraded computing environments. Since many current IDSs are constructed by manual encoding of expert knowledge, changes to IDSs are expensive and slow. We describe a data mining framework for adaptively building Intrusion Detection (ID) models. The central idea is to utilize auditing programs to extract an extensive set of features that describe each network connection or host session, and apply data mining programs to learn rules that accurately capture the behavior of intrusions and normal activities. These rules can then be used for misuse detection and anomaly detection. New detection models are incorporated into an existing IDS through a meta-learning (or co-operative learning) process, which produces a meta detection model that combines evidence from multiple models. We discuss the strengths of our data mining programs, namely, classification, meta-learning, association rules, and frequent episodes. We report on the results of applying these programs to the extensively gathered network audit data for the 1998 DARPA Intrusion Detection Evaluation Program.
Open string axions and the flavor problem
Creators: name: Berenstein, David
name: Perkins, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider extensions of the standard model inspired by intersecting D-brane constructions, in order to address flavor mass textures. We include additional anomalous gauge symmetries, and scalar fields to break them and to generate Froggatt-Nielsen mass terms. Green-Schwarz axions are included to cancel mixed anomalies rendering the models consistent. At low energies, a residual anomalous global symmetry remains, and its associated pseudo-Goldstone mode becomes the physical axion, which can be interpreted as an axion arising from open string modes. General considerations show that such axions are very common in D-brane models and can be completely incompatible with current bounds. Astrophysical constraints are placed on the axion both by including neutrino masses in the Froggatt-Nielsen scheme and considering QCD instanton contributions to the axion mass. We find simple models where the axion decay constant is in the allowed range, but only one such minimal model with this property is free from excessive fine tunings elsewhere. We also note that generically addressing flavor textures for the CKM matrix leads to deconstructed extra dimensions.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures. v2: references added. v3:typos fixed
Synplasta gracilis Winnertz 1864
Creators: name: Kolcsár, Levente-Péter
name: Salmela, Jukka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Synplasta
Synplasta gracilis

description: Synplasta gracilis Winnertz, 1864 Material examined. Figure 1. Romania: Vârghiș, Vârghiș Canyon, hornbeam-beech forest, 630 m a.s.l., 46.2174° N, 025.5435° E, 5 May 2014, Török E. leg., 2 males, DIPT-JS-2016-0254. This is a rather widespread European species, here reported for the first time from Romania. Biology of the genus is poorly known, but S. gracilis has been reared from Mycoacia uda and Pleurotus dryinus (Chandler 1993), and Zaitzev (2003) referred to a record from Coprinus fruiting bodies. Synplasta species are generally rare in the boreal zone, mainly associated with deciduous or old growth forests (J. Jakovlev, pers. comm.), and thus, S. gracilis is Red-Listed (NT) in Finland (Penttinen et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Kolcsár, Levente-Péter & Salmela, Jukka, 2017, New taxonomic and faunistic records of fungus gnats (Insecta, Diptera) from Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia, pp. 533-559 in Check List 13 (5) on page 545, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.533
description: {"references": ["Chandler PJ (1993) New rearing records of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae and allied families). Dipterists Digest (1 st Series) 13: 29 - 35.", "Zaitzev AI (2003) Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part II. International Journal of Dip- terological Research 14 (2 - 4): 77 - 386.", "Penttinen J, Ilmonen J, Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Kuusela K, Paasivirta L (2010) Saasket-Thread-horned flies Diptera: Nematocera. In: Rassi P, Hyvarinen E, Juslen A, Mannerkoski I (Eds) The 2010 Red List of Finnish Species. Ymparistoministerio & Suomen ymparistokes- kus, Helsinki, 477 - 489."]}
Attractor horizons in six-dimensional type IIB supergravity
Creators: name: Astefanesei, Dumitru
name: Miskovic, Olivera
name: Olea, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider near horizon geometries of extremal black holes in six-dimensional type IIB supergravity. In particular, we use the entropy function formalism to compute the charges and thermodynamic entropy of these solutions. We also comment on the role of attractor mechanism in understanding the entropy of the Hopf T-dual solutions in type IIA supergravity.
description: 15 pages, no figures; v2: new refs., minor corrections, matches the published version
“Hope for change—change can happen” : healing the wounds family violence with Indigenous traditional wholistic practices
Creators: name: Lester-Smith, Donna Michele
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Today, a great deal of social services, health and education research funding is being channeled into studies on how to combat the myriad social issues—such as domestic violence, substance abuse, poverty, homelessness, suicide, homicide and incarceration— that have afflicted Aboriginal communities for eight generations. What has since been overlooked is that many of these research projects and the programs they give rise to, well meaning as they are, ultimately prove ineffective as they discount the cultural background of the people they seek to help. Intensive analysis focuses on a community program called Warriors Against Violence Society (WAVS), one of Vancouver’s few Aboriginal health organizations that runs based on Indigenous rather than Western methods of intervention for its Aboriginal members. This Indigenous Collaborative Research (ICR) framework investigates how culturally-based healing practices provide a more comprehensive and thus more effective method to assist members struggling with family violence. An Indigenous Knowledge-based intervention model for dealing with perceptions and experiences of family violence both inter-generational and contemporary emerges from transcribed conversations with 22 people, including co-founders, co-facilitators and members, amounting to approximately 600 pages of single-spaced text. Cultural practices involving storytelling, smudging, potlatches, honouring ceremonies, youth groups, Elder wisdom, natural environment and parent-to-child transference of culture signify aspects of tradition integral to Aboriginal health: all suppressed during the era of Canada’s enforced Residential School System, resulting in the disintegration of communities whose way of life was thrown off balance by colonization. When Western interventions fail to restore this balance it is worth investigating how a return to such Indigenous cultural and health practices can offer us better solutions to restore people suffering from family violence, drug addiction, poverty and homelessness, trouble with the law and traumatic memories. Key to the WAVS intervention model is that it acknowledges multiple aspects of well-being (spiritual, emotional, physical and intellectual) and deals with all the factors within the history of a person, family, and/or community, which have had an impact on current health issues. Ultimately, ten emergent themes are revealed under the three categories of Total Person, Total Health and Total Environment.
National Anti-Vulture Funds Legislation: Belgium's Turn
Creators: name: Wozny, Lucas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Debt relief--Government policy
subject: Debtor and creditor
subject: Default (Finance)
subject: Collecting of accounts

description: Sovereign distressed debt investors can create holdout problems during sovereign restructurings. Scholars have suggested a wide-range of normative solutions to alleviate these holdout problems, including ad hoc deals, the creation of a multilateral international sovereign bankruptcy framework, the insertion of collective-action clauses into bonds, the expansion of judicial discretion, and the return of the doctrines of comity and sovereign immunity. However, national legislatures have increasingly begun to exhibit a preference for adopting national legislative solutions to this issue. In 2015, Belgium passed the broadest Anti-Vulture Funds Law to date, which is significant because the law impacts the Euroclear payment system. While this law has received high praise from the United Nations and from other nations also considering passing similar legislation, a careful analysis demonstrates it is not sensitive to the benefits that vulture funds bring, such as providing incentives to sovereigns to form more efficient capital structures, providing a moral hazard counterbalance, serving as liquidity providers on the secondary distressed-debt market, and providing information to the market. If adopted by other nations, Belgium’s law can eliminate the secondary distressed debt market by blocking liquidity-providers from the market. As a result, national legislatures should avoid using Belgium’s law as model law, but rather, enact legislation that enhances active settlement discussions without compromising the bargaining power or rights of either the sovereign or the vulture funds.
Additional file 1 of Ringlike late gadolinium enhancement provides incremental prognostic value in non-classical arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Creators: name: Yang, Yuelong
name: Wei, Xiaoyu
name: Lu, Guanyu
name: Xie, Jiajun
name: Tan, Zekun
name: Du, Zhicheng
name: Ye, Weitao
name: Xu, Huanwen
name: Li, Xiaodan
name: Liu, Entao
name: Zhang, Qianhuan
name: Liu, Yang
name: Li, Jinglei
name: Liu, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Interobserver reproducibility in LV LGE pattern classification. Table S2. Clinical characteristics and imaging findings according to the presence of sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Figure S1. Schematic illustration and corresponding CMR imaging of three LGE patterns. A No LGE; B-D non-ringlike LGE: there were less than three contiguous segments with LGE in the same short-axis slice; E, F ringlike LGE: there were full involvement of at least three contiguous segments with LGE at the subepicardial or midmyocardial layer in the same short-axis slice. CMR cardiac magnetic resonance; LGE late gadolinium enhancement.
Mycetophila marginata Winnertz 1864
Creators: name: Kolcsár, Levente-Péter
name: Salmela, Jukka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Mycetophila
Mycetophila marginata

description: Mycetophila marginata Winnertz, 1864 Material examined. Figure 1. Montenegro: Žabljak, Durmitor Mt., Crna lake, spruce forest along a small stream, 1448 m a.s.l., 43.1486° N, 019.0882° E, 11 May 2010, Kolcsár L.-P. leg., 1 male, DIPT-JS-2015-0307. A widespread European species (Chandler 2013), here reported for the first time from Montenegro. Larvae are fungivorous (Zaitzev 2003; Ševčík 2010), most often reared from saproxylic fungi.
description: Published as part of Kolcsár, Levente-Péter & Salmela, Jukka, 2017, New taxonomic and faunistic records of fungus gnats (Insecta, Diptera) from Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia, pp. 533-559 in Check List 13 (5) on page 545, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.533
description: {"references": ["Chandler PJ (2013) Fauna Europaea: \" Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae. In: Pape T. and P. Beuk. 2013. Fauna Europaea, Diptera. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. 2. http: // www. faunaeur. org. Accessed: 2016 - 10 - 15.", "Zaitzev AI (2003) Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part II. International Journal of Dip- terological Research 14 (2 - 4): 77 - 386.", "Sevcik J (2010) Czech and Slovak Diptera associated with fungi. Slezske zemske muzeum Opava, Opava, 112 pp."]}
Median Succumbs to Persian after Three Millennia of Coexistence: Language Shift in the Central Iranian Plateau
Creators: name: Borjian, Habib
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Iranian languages--Dialects
Endangered languages
Diglossia (Linguistics)
Persian language
Median language

description: The so-called Central Plateau Dialects or simply Central Dialects belong to the South Median group of Northwest Iranian languages and are spoken in central Iran, where the prevailing language is Persian. Currently, vestiges of these dialects are limited to several dozen remote villages as well as to the older generation of the Jewish and Zoroastrian communities living in the cities and in diaspora. The dominant influence of Persian for more than a millennium has resulted in the ousting of the vernaculars not only in major towns but also in a majority of villages. Historical evidence suggests that Central Dialects were native to the entire central Iranian Plateau, larger towns included, until the late medieval period. The big shift may have taken place during and after the Safavid dynastic rule, perhaps as a result of forceful propagation of Shi'ism, among other economic and socio-political vicissitudes of those days. Concrete evidence becomes available only in the later nineteenth century when European travelers and local geographers began to report on the language situation of the area. These documents enable us to speculate on the patterns and rates of language shift in various regions speaking Central Dialects. This trend has been accelerating parallel with the enormous socio-economic changes in the last half century. In many villages the local dialect is moribund and becoming increasingly limited to the elders, and the extinction will be the inevitable result of the forces of modernization and globalization in general and the rapid expansion of Persian education and mass media in particular. This paper attempts to show the dynamics of language shift among Central Dialects. The possible causes of the shift within village communities is discussed, while the urban Jewish and Zoroastrian speakers receive individual attention. Part of the data comes from the author's own fieldwork.
A Numerical Study of the 2-Flavour Schwinger Model with Dynamical Overlap Hypercube Fermions
Creators: name: Bietenholz, Wolfgang
name: Hip, Ivan
name: Shcheredin, Stanislav
name: Volkholz, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical results for the 2-flavour Schwinger model with dynamical chiral lattice fermions. We insert an approximately chiral hypercube Dirac operator into the overlap formula to construct the overlap hypercube operator. This is an exact solution to the Ginsparg-Wilson relation, with an excellent level of locality and scaling. Due to its similarity with the hypercubic kernel, a low polynomial in this kernel provides a numerically efficient Hybrid Monte Carlo force. We measure the microscopic Dirac spectrum and discuss the corresponding scale-invariant parameter, which takes a surprising form. This is an interesting case, since Random Matrix Theory is unexplored for this setting, where the chiral condensate Σ vanishes in the chiral limit. We also measure Σ and the "pion" mass, in distinct topological sectors. In this context we discuss and probe the topological summation of observables by various methods, as well as the evaluation of the topological susceptibility. The feasibility of this summation is essential for the prospects of dynamical overlap fermions in QCD.
description: 44 pages, LaTex, 12 tables, 17 figures, final version published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Mycetophila stylata
Creators: name: Kolcsár, Levente-Péter
name: Salmela, Jukka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Mycetophila
Mycetophila stylata

description: Mycetophila stylata (Dziedzicki, 1884) Material examined. Figure 1. Romania: Pintec, Giurgiu Mt., Pintec valley, deforestation area, 820 m a.s.l., 46.9255° N, 025.8533° E, 22 August 2014, Kolcsár L.-P. leg., 1 male, DIPT-JS-2014-0465. A widespread European species (Chandler 2013), here reported for the first time from Romania. Mycetophila stylata has been reared once from a Lactarius fruiting body (Jakovlev 1994).
description: Published as part of Kolcsár, Levente-Péter & Salmela, Jukka, 2017, New taxonomic and faunistic records of fungus gnats (Insecta, Diptera) from Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia, pp. 533-559 in Check List 13 (5) on page 545, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.533
description: {"references": ["Dziedzicki H (1884) Przyczynek do fauny owadow dwuskrzydlych Gatunki rodzaj-w: Mycothera, Mycetophila, Staegeria. Pamietnik Fizyjograficzny, Waszawa 4: 298 - 324.", "Chandler PJ (2013) Fauna Europaea: \" Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae. In: Pape T. and P. Beuk. 2013. Fauna Europaea, Diptera. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. 2. http: // www. faunaeur. org. Accessed: 2016 - 10 - 15.", "Jakovlev J (1994) Palaearctic Diptera associated with fungi and myxo- mycetes. Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Forest Research Institute, Petrozavodsk, 128 pp."]}
QCD factorization for forward hadron scattering at high energies
Creators: name: Ermolaev, B. I.
name: Greco, M.
name: Troyan, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the QCD factorization of DIS structure functions at small x and amplitudes of 2->2 -hadronic forward scattering at high energy. We show that both collinear and k_T-factorization for these processes can be obtained approximately as reductions of a more general (totally unintegrated) form of the factorization. The requirement of ultraviolet and infrared stability of the factorization convolutions allows us to obtain restrictions on the fits for the parton distributions in k_T- and collinear factorization.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures In the present version misprints found in the prevcious version are corrected and some more details are explained
Anagram: A Content Anomaly Detector Resistant to Mimicry Attack
Creators: name: Wang, Ke
name: Parekh, Janak J.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this paper, we present Anagram, a content anomaly detector that models a mixture of high-order n-grams (n > 1) designed to detect anomalous and "suspicious" network packet payloads. By using higher-order n-grams, Anagram can detect significant anomalous byte sequences and generate robust signatures of validated malicious packet content. The Anagram content models are implemented using highly efficient Bloom filters, reducing space requirements and enabling privacy-preserving cross-site correlation. The sensor models the distinct content flow of a network or host using a semi-supervised training regimen. Previously known exploits, extracted from the signatures of an IDS, are likewise modeled in a Bloom filter and are used during training as well as detection time. We demonstrate that Anagram can identify anomalous traffic with high accuracy and low false positive rates. Anagram's high-order n-gram analysis technique is also resilient against simple mimicry attacks that blend exploits with "normal" appearing byte padding, such as the blended polymorphic attack recently demonstrated in [1]. We discuss randomized n-gram models, which further raises the bar and makes it more difficult for attackers to build precise packet structures to evade Anagram even if they know the distribution of the local site content flow. Finally, Anagram's speed and high detection rate makes it valuable not only as a standalone sensor, but also as a network anomaly flow classifier in an instrumented fault-tolerant host-based environment; this enables significant cost amortization and the possibility of a "symbiotic" feedback loop that can improve accuracy and reduce false positive rates over time.
title: Dealing with Discards
Creators: name: Park, Michael
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Regional Advisory Councils (RACs) were set up to provide greater stakeholder involvement in fisheries management at a regional level. RAC’s are structured in a way that they provide a balance between those that represent industry, the commercial face of fishing, and those whose role it is to ensure a suitable and responsible use the environment and the seas that we fish. The North Sea RAC (NSRAC) is one of the most progressed of these groups, communicating with the Cion on many issues, not least that of discards. The NSRAC recognises the wish of the Cion to eliminate discarding by 2012. By-catch and discards are amongst the most serious challenges in seeking sustainable fisheries and reducing them is part of ‘the ecosystem approach’ to fisheries management. Whereas the historic, traditional description of a discard was of an undersized fish, or a fish of non commercial benefit, the modern discard takes on a very different mantle. In many cases it is the result of a breakdown in relationship between Opportunity, Catchability and Capacity. The initial Cod Recovery Plan set out to lay the foundation for cod recovery yet it failed to take account of, or acknowledge, the problems of discarding the industry faced when the management regime failed to respond accordingly to an increasing biomass. The group has supported many National initiatives including those currently in operation in Scotland, England and Denmark. This presentation sets out to give an insight to the role that the NSRAC provides as the ‘hub’ of international stakeholder debate on the issue of discards.
Trichonta vulcani
Creators: name: Kolcsár, Levente-Péter
name: Salmela, Jukka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Trichonta
Trichonta vulcani

description: Trichonta vulcani (Dziedzicki, 1889) Material examined. Figure 1. Romania: Bălan, Hăşmaş Mt., Gálkút valley, spruce forest along a small brook, 1050 m a.s.l., 46.6493° N, 025.8415° E, 23 August 2014, Kolcsár L.-P. leg., 1 male, DIPT-JS-2016-0192. A widespread Holarctic species (Gagné 1981, Zaitzev 2003), here reported as a new to the Romanian fauna. Immature stages are unknown.
description: Published as part of Kolcsár, Levente-Péter & Salmela, Jukka, 2017, New taxonomic and faunistic records of fungus gnats (Insecta, Diptera) from Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia, pp. 533-559 in Check List 13 (5) on page 547, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.533
description: {"references": ["Dziedzicki H (1889) Revue des especes europeennes du genre Phronia Winnertz, avec la description des deux genres nouveaux, Macrobrachius et Megophthalmidia. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 23: 404 - 532.", "Gagne RJ (1981) A monograph of Trichonta with a model for the distribution of Holarctic Mycetophilidae (Diptera). US Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Washington, DC. 64 pp.", "Zaitzev AI (2003) Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part II. International Journal of Dip- terological Research 14 (2 - 4): 77 - 386."]}
To Thine Own CEO Be True: Tailoring CEO Compensation to Individual Personality and Circumstances
Creators: name: Fisher, William O.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Executives--Salaries, etc.
subject: Executives--Psychology
subject: Compensation management
subject: Industrial management

description: Eight-figure compensation. Cash. Restricted stock. Options. Performance shares. And more. Companies shower their CEOs with pay in large amounts, delivered in multiple ways, and dependent on complex and intricate formulae. It is all intended to motivate the top officers to make decisions that will best benefit their companies. Common sense tells us that the value of a complicated, multifaceted pay package—and hence its ability to motivate—will depend on the psychological characteristics and financial circumstances of the particular executive being paid. Economic theory and empirical studies confirm this intuition. Yet, companies generally ignore these vital factors. Substantive and disclosure law should push them to take these key variables into account.
Online Training and Sanitization of AD Systems
Creators: name: Cretu, Gabriela F.
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Locasto, Michael E.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this paper, we introduce novel techniques that enhance the training phase of Anomaly Detection (AD) sensors. Our aim is to both improve the detection performance and protect against attacks that target the training dataset. Our approach is two pronged: we employ a novel sanitization method for large training datasets that removes attacks and traffic artifacts by measuring their frequency and position inside the dataset. Furthermore, we extend the training phase in the spatial dimension to include model information from other collaborative systems. We demonstrate that by doing so we can protect all the participating systems against targeted training attacks. Another aspect of our system is its ability to adapt and update the normality model when there is a shift in the nature of inspected traffic that reflects actual changes in the back-end servers. Such "on-line" training appears to be the "Achilles' heel" of AD sensors because they fail to adapt when there is a legitimate deviation in the traffic behavior, thereby flooding the operator with false positives. To counter that, we discuss the integration of what we call a shadow sensor with the AD system. This sensor complements our techniques by acting as an oracle to analyze and classify the resulting "suspect data" identified by the AD sensor. We show that our techniques can be applied to a wide range of unmodified AD sensors without incurring significant additional computational cost beyond the initial training phase.
Ergodicity and annular homeomorphisms of the torus
Creators: name: Bortolatto, Renato B.
name: Tal, Fabio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E30, 37E45 (Primary) 37A25, 37C25 (Secondary)

description: Let $f: \mathbb{T}^2 \to \mathbb{T}^2$ be a homeomorphism homotopic to the identity and $F: \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ a lift of $f$ such that the rotation set $ρ(F)$ is a line segment of rational slope containing a point in $\mathbb{Q}^2$. We prove that if $f$ is ergodic with respect to the Lebesgue measure on the torus and the average rotation vector (with respect to same measure) does not belong to $\mathbb{Q}^2$ then some power of $f$ is an annular homeomorphism.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. This version contains substantial improvements to the exposition
The Extinct Language of Gurgan: Its Sources and Origins
Creators: name: Borjian, Habib
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Extinct languages
Iranian languages
Iranian languages--Dialects
Language and languages

description: Gorgani survives solely in the Horufi scriptures of the 14-15th centuries. The language was spoken on the southeastern corner of Caspian Sea. It probably shares more features with the Komisenian/Kōmeshi dialects to its south rather than the Caspian group to its west.
Correlated Gravitational Wave and Neutrino Signals from General-Relativistic Rapidly Rotating Iron Core Collapse
Creators: name: Ott, C. D.
name: Abdikamalov, E.
name: O'Connor, E.
name: Reisswig, C.
name: Haas, R.
name: Kalmus, P.
name: Drasco, S.
name: Burrows, A.
name: Schnetter, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a new set of 3D general-relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of rotating iron core collapse. We assume octant symmetry and focus on axisymmetric collapse, bounce, the early postbounce evolution, and the associated gravitational wave (GW) and neutrino signals. We employ a finite-temperature nuclear equation of state, parameterized electron capture in the collapse phase, and a multi-species neutrino leakage scheme after bounce. The latter captures the important effects of deleptonization, neutrino cooling and heating and enables approximate predictions for the neutrino luminosities in the early evolution after core bounce. We consider 12-solar-mass and 40-solar-mass presupernova models and systematically study the effects of (i) rotation, (ii) progenitor structure, and (iii) postbounce neutrino leakage on dynamics, GW, and, neutrino signals. We demonstrate, that the GW signal of rapidly rotating core collapse is practically independent of progenitor mass and precollapse structure. Moreover, we show that the effects of neutrino leakage on the GW signal are strong only in nonrotating or slowly rotating models in which GW emission is not dominated by inner core dynamics. In rapidly rotating cores, core bounce of the centrifugally-deformed inner core excites the fundamental quadrupole pulsation mode of the nascent protoneutron star. The ensuing global oscillations (f~700-800 Hz) lead to pronounced oscillations in the GW signal and correlated strong variations in the rising luminosities of antineutrino and heavy-lepton neutrinos. We find these features in cores that collapse to protoneutron stars with spin periods
description: 29 pages, 14 figures. Replaced with version matching published version
Cadmium reduces nitric oxide production by impairing phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Creators: name: Majumder, Syamantak
name: Muley, Ajit
name: Kolluru, Gopi Krishna
name: Saurabh, Samir
name: Tamilarasan, K. P.
name: Chandrasekhar, Sidhharth
name: Reddy, Hima Bindu
name: Purohit, Sharad
name: Chatterjee, Suvro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cytology
Cadmium
Nitric oxide
Endothelial cells
Neovascularization

description: Cadmium (Cd) perturbs vascular health and interferes with endothelial function. However, the effects of exposing endothelial cells to low doses of Cd on the production of nitric oxide (NO) are largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these effects by using low levels of CdCl2 concentrations, ranging from 10 to 1000 nmol/L. Cd perturbations in endothelial function were studied by employing wound-healing and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. The results suggest that a CdCl2 concentration of 100 nmol/L maximally attenuated NO production, cellular migration, and energy metabolism in endothelial cells. An egg yolk angiogenesis model was employed to study the effect of Cd exposure on angiogenesis. The results demonstrate that NO supplementation restored Cd-attenuated angiogenesis. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and immuno-detection studies showed that low levels of Cd inhibit NO production in endothelial cells by blocking eNOS phosphorylation, which is possibly linked to processes involving endothelial function and dysfunction, including angiogenesis.
Behavior-Based Modeling and Its Application to Email Analysis
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Hershkop, Shlomo
name: Hu, Chia-Wei
name: Li, Wei-Jen
name: Nimeskern, Olivier
name: Wang, Ke
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science
Computer security
Computer viruses
Anomaly detection (Computer security)

description: The Email Mining Toolkit (EMT) is a data mining system that computes behavior profiles or models of user email accounts. These models may be used for a multitude of tasks including forensic analyses and detection tasks of value to law enforcement and intelligence agencies, as well for as other typical tasks such as virus and spam detection. To demonstrate the power of the methods, we focus on the application of these models to detect the early onset of a viral propagation without "content-base" (or signature-based) analysis in common use in virus scanners. We present several experiments using real email from 15 users with injected simulated viral emails and describe how the combination of different behavior models improves overall detection rates. The performance results vary depending upon parameter settings, approaching 99% true positive (TP) (percentage of viral emails caught) in general cases and with 0.38% false positive (FP) (percentage of emails with attachments that are mislabeled as viral). The models used for this study are based upon volume and velocity statistics of a user's email rate and an analysis of the user's (social) cliques revealed in the person's email behavior. We show by way of simulation that virus propagations are detectable since viruses may emit emails at rates different than human behavior suggests is normal, and email is directed to groups of recipients in ways that violate the users' typical communications with their social groups.
Twitter Trouble: The Communications Decency Act in Action
Creators: name: Hsia, Julie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Social media--Law and legislation
subject: Digital communications--Law and legislation
subject: Limited liability

description: The Communications Decency Act affords Internet service providers (ISPs) immunity from liability for defamation, among other crimes, to allow self-policing of websites. However, due to this immunity, websites have no incentive to remove defamatory content, which undermines the entire purpose of the Communications Decency Act. To improve this statute and promote the removal of defamatory content, the United States should follow in the footsteps of countries with more effective Internet laws. This Note presupposes that a higher percentage of Twitter removal requests in which Twitter has withheld some content indicates a higher efficacy of the Internet laws in those countries. The data published by Twitter shows that France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, and Russia are the top five countries in terms of percentage of removal requests with which Twitter has complied. Four of these five countries have laws similar to the notice and takedown provision of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which requires an Internet service provider to quickly remove content once made aware of its unlawful nature. Therefore, a notice and takedown provision with a critical opinion safe harbor should be added to the Communications Decency Act.
Optimal Probe Wavefunction of Weak-Value Amplification
Creators: name: Susa, Yuki
name: Shikano, Yutaka
name: Hosoya, Akio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The weak measurement proposed by Aharonov and his colleagues extracts information of a physical quantity of the system by the post selection as the shifts of the argument of the probe wavefunction. The shift is called the weak value and is larger for the post-selected state more orthogonal to the initial state. Recently, the signal amplification by the weak measurement has been extensively studied. In the present work, we explicitly obtain the optimal probe wavefunction and the amplification factor for a given weak value, which is calculated from the experimental setup. It is shown that the amplification factor has no upper bound in contrast to the Gaussian probe wavefunction and that the amplified signal is sharp.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Cationic Carbene Analogues: Donor-Free Phosphenium and Arsenium Ions
Creators: name: Olaru, Marian
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Beckmann, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: arsenium ions
subject: carbene analogues
subject: cations
subject: Lewis superacids
subject: phosphenium ions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Carbenes and their analogues have constantly enthralled chemists with their intriguing reactivity of ambiphilic character stemming from their electronic structures. Phosphenium and arsenium ions are fiercely reactive cationic species, the stabilization of which has been so far achieved in the condensed phase by dispersing the positive charge through electromeric conjugation with at least one electron-rich substituent (frequently amido groups). Although observed in the gas phase, the isolation of dicoordinate phosphenium and arsenium ions lacking such stabilizing ligands has eluded chemists for decades. Herein we show that by judicious choice of aromatic substituents, dicoordinate, donor-free, Lewis-superacidic phosphenium and arsenium ions can be kinetically stabilized. They feature singlet electronic ground states possessing a vacant p-orbital and an electron lone pair with predominantly s-character.
Vortex solutions of the Lifshitz-Chern-Simons theory
Creators: name: Landea, Ignacio Salazar
name: Grandi, Nicolas
name: Silva, Guillermo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study vortex-like solutions to the Lifshitz-Chern-Simons theory. We find that such solutions exists and have a logarithmically divergent energy, which suggests that a Kostelitz-Thouless transition may occur, in which voxtex-antivortex pairs are created above a critical temperature. Following a suggestion made by Callan and Wilzcek for the global U(1) scalar field model, we study vortex solutions of the Lifshitz-Chern-Simons model formulated on the hyperbolic plane, finding that, as expected, the resulting configurations have finite energy. For completeness, we also explore Lifshitz-Chern-Simons vortex solutions on the sphere.
description: Published version, added appendix on electromagnetic duality in Lifshitz systems