An Overview of Archaeological and Paleoenvironmental Research Potential of Caves and Other Karst Features at the Camp Bullis Military Reservation, Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas
Creators: name: Kibler, Karl W.
Publisher: name: Prewitt & Associates, Inc.
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Camp Bullis Military Reservation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/82946/camp-bullis-military-reservation
subject: Comal (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3222/comal-county
subject: Bexar (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4150/bexar-county
subject: Camp Bullis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/82533/camp-bullis
subject: Texas
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/6923/texas
subject: Caddoan Culture
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/5027/caddoan-culture
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: Prehistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/120/prehistoric
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Late Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/11/late-archaic
subject: 41BX1309
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83790/41bx1309
subject: 41BX1472
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/86925/41bx1472
subject: 41BX1251
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83762/41bx1251
subject: 41BX1210
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83732/41bx1210
subject: 41BX1253
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83764/41bx1253
subject: 41BX1252
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83763/41bx1252
subject: 41BX1255
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83766/41bx1255
subject: 41BX1254
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83765/41bx1254
subject: 41BX415
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/80983/41bx415
subject: 41BX434
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81015/41bx434
subject: 41CM95
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83639/41cm95
subject: 41BX1153
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81755/41bx1153
subject: 41BX1444
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/86907/41bx1444
subject: 41CM217
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83646/41cm217
subject: 41BX1044
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/81759/41bx1044
subject: 41BX1469
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/86922/41bx1469
subject: 41BX1468
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/86921/41bx1468
subject: 41BX1471
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/86924/41bx1471
subject: 41BX1470
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/86923/41bx1470
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Settlements
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/252/settlements
subject: Encampment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/253/encampment
subject: Trash Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/351/trash-midden
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/258/cave
subject: House
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/259/house
subject: Rock Shelter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/265/rock-shelter
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Hanging Rock Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/47987/hanging-rock-cave
subject: Boneyard Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153743/boneyard-pit
subject: The Ossuary
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153744/the-ossuary
subject: Charley's Cute Little Hole
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153747/charleys-cute-little-hole
subject: Dangerfield Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153748/dangerfield-cave
subject: Bunny Hole
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153745/bunny-hole
subject: Camp Bullis Bat Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153746/camp-bullis-bat-cave
subject: Georg's Hole
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153751/georgs-hole
subject: Hilger Hole
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153752/hilger-hole
subject: Doeppenschmidt Camp Sinkhole
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153749/doeppenschmidt-camp-sinkhole
subject: Flach's Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153750/flachs-cave
subject: Washington Mason House
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153755/washington-mason-house
subject: Harness Tack
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153756/harness-tack
subject: Karst Feature 8B-20
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153753/karst-feature-8b-20
subject: Lost Boys Sink
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153754/lost-boys-sink
subject: Sinkhole
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/113118/sinkhole
subject: Peace Pipe Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153759/peace-pipe-cave
subject: Ponytail Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153760/ponytail-pit
subject: MARS Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153757/mars-cave
subject: Pain in the Glass Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153758/pain-in-the-glass-cave
subject: Stahl Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153763/stahl-cave
subject: Bathtub Sink
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153764/bathtub-sink
subject: Stahl Sinks
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153761/stahl-sinks
subject: Karst Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153762/karst-feature
subject: Stahl Farmstead
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153767/stahl-farmstead
subject: Stealth Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153768/stealth-cave
subject: Lithic Procurement
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/3303/lithic-procurement
subject: Haz Mat Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153765/haz-mat-pit
subject: Poke-In-The-Eye Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153766/poke-in-the-eye-pit
subject: Tall Tales Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/153769/tall-tales-cave
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Historic Background Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/18/historic-background-research
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: This report summarizes archeological and paleoenvironmental data from caves and other karst features at the Camp Bullis Military Reservation. Most archeological materials found in caves were primarily in secondary contexts, having been deposited from the surface by natural processes such as sheetwash or overland flow. Artifacts in primary contexts were most often in caves used as trash pits during historic times. Few prehistoric materials were found in primary context, though those that were-mostly human burials provide valuable data because of a degree of preservation seldom encountered in open-air archeological sites. Although the archeological research potential of caves appears limited in terms of the actual number containing materials in primary context, their paleoenvironmental research potential is vast. Cave deposits and stratigraphy, though potential indicators of environmental change, may be more reflective of local factors such as catchment area. Deposits do, however, often contain considerable data revealing paleoenvironments because the relatively static conditions in caves promote a degree of preservation, particularly for organic materials, that is without equal in many surface sites. Data such as faunal remains, pollen, and phytoliths can provide valuable information on past environments and environmental change but are valuable only if tight chronological control through radiocarbon dating or some other method is available.