cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A flexible split-step scheme for solving McKean-Vlasov Stochastic Differential Equations
Creators: name: Chen, Xingyuan
name: Reis, Goncalo dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 65C30, 65C35

description: We present an implicit Split-Step explicit Euler type Method (dubbed SSM) for the simulation of McKean-Vlasov Stochastic Differential Equations (MV-SDEs) with drifts of superlinear growth in space, Lipschitz in measure and non-constant Lipschitz diffusion coefficient. The scheme is designed to leverage the structure induced by the interacting particle approximation system, including parallel implementation and the solvability of the implicit equation. The scheme attains the classical $1/2$ root mean square error (rMSE) convergence rate in stepsize and closes the gap left by [18, "Simulation of McKean-Vlasov SDEs with super-linear growth" in IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 01 2021. draa099] regarding efficient implicit methods and their convergence rate for this class of McKean-Vlasov SDEs. A sufficient condition for mean-square contractivity of the scheme is presented. Several numerical examples are presented, including a comparative analysis to other known algorithms for this class (Taming and Adaptive time-stepping) across parallel and non-parallel implementations.
description: 30 pages, 15 figures
Which landscape do you prefer? The role of emotions on choices for landscape management
Creators: name: Garau, Enrica
name: Soliño, Mario
name: Castro, Antonio J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Landscape preferences refer to the subjective likes and dislikes people have regarding various types of landscapes. However, the specific role that emotions play in this question and their impact on influencing choices for landscape is still poorly studied. To address this gap, we hypothesise that landscapes evoke emotions and we explore whether they have a role in shaping landscape preferences. Using 109 semi-structured interviews we captured the diversity of emotions on different landscapes in SE Spain, employing a random parameter logit model to explain how emotions could influence the probability of choosing a landscape. Results revealed that different landscapes were perceived as preferred, with specific emotions associated with them. Results also showed that two main factors significantly influenced landscape preference choices: specific positive emotions and distinct landscape typologies. These insights may contribute to reframe human-nature relationships in landscape management, considering emotional bonds and human behaviour as important aspects for guiding conservation policies.
title: Religious Slaughtering and Organic Labels: Œuvre d'assistance aux bêtes d'abattoirs
Creators: name: Hehemann, Lena
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: animal welfare
subject: Art. 13 TFEU
subject: organic farming label
subject: religious rites
subject: halal
subject: animal protection

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 297-305
description: European Forum Insight of 6 May 2019
description: I. Introduction. - II. Background and facts. - III. Judgment. - IV. Comment. - IV.1. The misleading idea of "organic slaughtering". - IV.2. New conditions for organic farming labels. - IV.3. Art. 13 TFEU and religious rites. - V. Final remarks.
description: In Œuvre d'assistance aux bêtes d'abattoirs (judgment of 26 February 2019, case C-497/17 [GC]) the Court of Justice held that the EU organic label cannot be placed on meat products if the animal has been slaughtered in accordance with religious rites, when the animal was not stunned before killing. According to the Court, this is not compatible with the high animal welfare standards of EU legislation.
The prescribed Chern scalar curvature problem
Creators: name: Fusi, Elia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55, 53C21

description: The paper is an attempt to resolve the prescribed Chern scalar curvature problem. We look for solutions within the conformal class of a fixed Hermitian metric. We divide the problem in three cases, according to the sign of the Gauduchon degree, that we analyse separately. In the case where the Gauduchon degree is negative, we prove that every non-identically zero and non-positive function is the Chern scalar curvature of a unique metric conformal to the fixed one. Moreover, if there exists a balanced metric with zero Chern scalar curvature, we prove that every smooth function changing sign with negative mean value is the Chern scalar curvature of a metric conformal to the balanced one.
description: 16 pages, to appear on The Journal of Geometric Analysis
Quanta in sound, the sound of quanta: a voice-informed quantum theoretical perspective on sound
Creators: name: Mannone, Maria
name: Rocchesso, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Humans have a privileged, embodied way to explore the world of sounds, through vocal imitation. The Quantum Vocal Theory of Sounds (QVTS) starts from the assumption that any sound can be expressed and described as the evolution of a superposition of vocal states, i.e., phonation, turbulence, and supraglottal myoelastic vibrations. The postulates of quantum mechanics, with the notions of observable, measurement, and time evolution of state, provide a model that can be used for sound processing, in both directions of analysis and synthesis. QVTS can give a quantum-theoretic explanation to some auditory streaming phenomena, eventually leading to practical solutions of relevant sound-processing problems, or it can be creatively exploited to manipulate superpositions of sonic elements. Perhaps more importantly, QVTS may be a fertile ground to host a dialogue between physicists, computer scientists, musicians, and sound designers, possibly giving us unheard manifestations of human creativity.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures. Pre-publication draft (2021) of: Mannone, M., Rocchesso, D. (2022). Quanta in Sound, the Sound of Quanta: A Voice-Informed Quantum Theoretical Perspective on Sound. In: Miranda, E. R. (eds) Quantum Computing in the Arts and Humanities. Springer, Cham
title: Suing the European Union in the UK: Tomanović et. al. v. the European Union et. al.
Creators: name: Johansen, Stian Øby
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: domestic courts
subject: Common Foreign and Security Policy
subject: Art. 274 TFEU
subject: Art. 275 TFEU
subject: immunities
subject: accountability

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 345-357
description: European Forum Insight of 13 May 2019
description: I. Introduction. - II. Background. - III. The issue of legal personality. - IV. The decisive argument: lacking incorporation of the CFSP provisions into domestic law. - V. The obiter dictum on jurisdiction and immunities. - V.1. The High Court's reasoning. - V.2. Comments. - VI. The obiter dictum on the significance of Foto-Frost. - VI.1. The High Court's reasoning. - VI.2. Comments. - VII. The implications of Brexit. - VIII. Conclusion.
description: In its judgment of 13 February 2019 in the case of Tomanović et. al. v. the European Union et. al., the English High Court of Justice dismissed several claims based on human rights violations by EULEX Kosovo. Although the High Court's dismissal was ultimately based on the lacking incorporation of the Treaty provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy into domestic law, the judgment contains extensive obiter dicta discussing key Union law matters. In this Insight I summarize, contextualize and reflect critically upon the High Court's reasoning. In particular, I focus on the extent of the Court of Justice's jurisdiction over - and the application of the Foto-Frost principle to - the CFSP.
Factors Affecting Antibody Responses to Immunizations in Infants Born to Women Immunized Against Pertussis in Pregnancy and Unimmunized Women : Individual-Participant Data Meta-analysis
Creators: name: Abu-Raya, Bahaa
name: Maertens, Kirsten
name: Munoz, Flor M.
name: Zimmermann, Petra
name: Curtis, Nigel
name: Halperin, Scott A.
name: Rots, Nynke
name: Barug, Daan
name: Holder, Beth
name: Rice, Thomas F.
name: Kampmann, Beate
name: Leuridan, Elle
name: Sadarangani, Manish
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Background: Exploring factors that affect immune responses to immunizations in infants born to women immunized with tetanus-diphtheria-acellular-pertussis (Tdap) in pregnancy compared with unimmunized women is important in designing immunization programs. Methods: Individual-participant data meta-analysis of 8 studies reporting post7 immunization immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels to vaccine antigens in infants born to either women immunized with Tdap in pregnancy or unimmunized women, using mixed-effects models. Results: In infants of Tdap-immunized women, two-fold higher levels of anti11 pertussis toxin (PT) and anti-diphtheria-toxoid (DT) IgG pre-primary immunization were associated with 9% and 10% lower post-primary immunization levels, (geometric mean ratio [GMR], PT: 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95,n=494, DT: 0.9; 0.87- 0.93,n=519). Timing of immunization in pregnancy did not affect post-primary immunization anti-Bordetella pertussis, anti-tetanus-toxoid (TT) and anti-DT IgG levels. Spacing of infant immunization did not affect post-primary immunization anti- B. pertussis and anti-DT levels. In infants of Tdap-immunized women, two-fold higher levels of anti-PT and anti-filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) IgG pre-primary immunization were associated with lower post-booster immunization levels, (GMR, PT: 0.91; 0.85-0.97,n=224, FHA: 0.92; 0.85-0.99,n=232). Timing of immunization in pregnancy did not affect post-booster immunization anti-Bordetella pertussis, anti22 tetanus-toxoid (TT) and anti-DT IgG levels. Spacing of infant immunization did not affect post-booster immunization anti-PT, anti-pertactin (PRN), anti-TT and anti-DT IgG levels. In infants of unimmunized women, two-fold higher 25 IgG levels of some vaccine antigens pre-primary immunization were associated with 8-17% lower post-primary immunization levels (GMR, PT 0.92, 95% CI:0.88-0.97, n=373; FHA:0.88, 95% CI:0.85-0.92,n=378; PRN:0.84, 95% CI:0.81-0.88, n=367; TT:0.88, 95% CI:0.83- 0.93, n=241; DT: 0.83, 95% CI:0.79-0.87,n=278). Two-fold higher levels of anti- FHA IgG pre-primary immunization were associated with 8% lower post-booster immunization levels (GMR, 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99,n=138). Discussion: Increased IgG levels pre-primary immunization is associated with reduced post-primary and post-booster immunization levels for some antigens in infants of women immunized or unimmunized in pregnancy, but their clinical significance is uncertain.
ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА МОЛОЧНЫХ ЗУБОВ ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ГОРМОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ, ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ В ПЕРИОД ВЫНАШИВАНИЯ ПЛОДА
Creators: name: Мирсалихова, Ф.Л.
name: Абдиримова, Гулрух
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В этой статье особое внимание уделяется исследованиям и разработкам, направленным на улучшение лечения гипоплазии эмали у детей, вызванной гормональными препаратами во время беременности. В ней представлены меры по выявлению клинико-функциональных особенностей специфического течения заболеваний, связанных с заболеваниями полости рта в современной стоматологии, развивающихся у детей в результате гормональных препаратов при беременности.
title: The Family in EU Law After the SM Ruling: Variable Geometry and Conditional Deference
Creators: name: Strumia, Francesca
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: family reunification
subject: right to family life
subject: citizenship of the Union
subject: fundamental rights
subject: free movement
subject: immigration law

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 389-393
description: European Forum Insight of 3 June 2019
description: I. Embracing the variable geometry family. - II. Strengthened protection for the extended family. - III. Conditional deference to host Member States. - IV. Conclusion.
description: SM (Court of Justice, judgment of 26 March 2019, case C-129/18 [GC]) revolved around the possibility of embracing a child in guardianship under the Algerian kafala system within the EU law notion of "family member". In the ruling, the Court opened the door to a "variable geometry" notion of family. To this extended notion of family, it tendered enhanced protection through resort to fundamental rights law. And relatedly it recognized only conditional deference to host Member States with regard to the treatment of relevant family members in the context of their immigration rules. Rather than offering a detailed analysis of the case, this Insight focuses on these three aspects of the judgment as the starting point for a reflection on the evolving treatment of the "family" in EU law.
Spectrality and monoids
Creators: name: Goswami, Amartya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M12, 20M14, 54F65

description: We prove that the set of proper ideals of a monoid endowed with coarse lower topology is a spectral space.
Boosting-GNN: Boosting Algorithm for Graph Networks on Imbalanced Node Classification
Creators: name: Shi, S.
name: Qiao, Kai
name: Yang, Shuai
name: Wang, L.
name: Chen, J.
name: Yan, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Graph Neural Network (GNN) has been widely used for graph data representation. However, the existing researches only consider the ideal balanced dataset, and the imbalanced dataset is rarely considered. Traditional methods such as resampling, reweighting, and synthetic samples that deal with imbalanced datasets are no longer applicable in GNN. This paper proposes an ensemble model called Boosting-GNN, which uses GNNs as the base classifiers during boosting. In Boosting-GNN, higher weights are set for the training samples that are not correctly classified by the previous classifier, thus achieving higher classification accuracy and better reliability. Besides, transfer learning is used to reduce computational cost and increase fitting ability. Experimental results indicate that the proposed Boosting-GNN model achieves better performance than GCN, GraphSAGE, GAT, SGC, N-GCN, and most advanced reweighting and resampling methods on synthetic imbalanced datasets, with an average performance improvement of 4.5%
description: 19 pages, 6 figures published on Frontiers in Neurorobotics
title: Achmea Between the Orthodoxy of the Court of Justice and Its Multi-faceted Implications: An Introduction
Creators: name: Barbou des Places, Ségolène
name: Cimiotta, Emanuele
name: Santos Vara, Juan
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: international investment law
subject: ad hoc arbitral tribunal
subject: autonomy of the EU legal order
subject: preliminary ruling procedure
subject: models of EU justice
subject: EU constitutional law

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 7-17
description: I. Introduction. - II. Achmea, from the perspective of international investment law specialists. - III. An impressive set of consequences inferred from Achmea. - IV. Achmea and the European integration process.
description: The Achmea case has generated much controversy and fierce criticism from investment lawyers and international law specialists. This Special Section takes such reaction as an invitation to investigate the premises and the impressive set of consequences inferred from the judgment, both for investment arbitration and the European integration process. But the Achmea judgment is not only about how EU law interacts with international investment law. The Court of Justice also deals with the constitutional foundations of the EU integration and strives to protect the European model of justice, organized as a system, from disintegrative forces.
General Cubic Interacting Vertex for Massless Integer Higher Spin Fields
Creators: name: Buchbinder, I. L.
name: Reshetnyak, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T11

description: We consider a massless higher spin field theory within the BRST approach and construct a general off-shell cubic vertex corresponding to irreducible higher spin fields of helicities $s_1, s_2, s_3$. Unlike the previous works on cubic vertices, which do not take into account of the trace constraints, we use the complete BRST operator, including the trace constraints that describe an irreducible representation with definite integer helicity. As a result, we generalize the cubic vertex found in [arXiv:1205.3131 [hep-th]] and calculate the new contributions to the vertex, which contain additional terms with a smaller number space-time derivatives of the fields as well as the terms without derivatives.
description: 13 pages, minor misprints in formulae (40) corrected
Heterogeneous Data Fusion Considering Spatial Correlations using Graph Convolutional Networks and its Application in Air Quality Prediction
Creators: name: Ma, Zhengjing
name: Mei, Gang
name: Cuomo, Salvatore
name: Piccialli, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heterogeneous data are commonly adopted as the inputs for some models that predict the future trends of some observations. Existing predictive models typically ignore the inconsistencies and imperfections in heterogeneous data while also failing to consider the (1) spatial correlations among monitoring points or (2) predictions for the entire study area. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a deep learning method for fusing heterogeneous data collected from multiple monitoring points using graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to predict the future trends of some observations and evaluates its effectiveness by applying it in an air quality predictions scenario. The essential idea behind the proposed method is to (1) fuse the collected heterogeneous data based on the locations of the monitoring points with regard to their spatial correlations and (2) perform prediction based on global information rather than local information. In the proposed method, first, we assemble a fusion matrix using the proposed RBF-based fusion approach; second, based on the fused data, we construct spatially and temporally correlated data as inputs for the predictive model; finally, we employ the spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (STGCN) to predict the future trends of some observations. In the application scenario of air quality prediction, it is observed that (1) the fused data derived from the RBF-based fusion approach achieve satisfactory consistency; (2) the performances of the prediction models based on fused data are better than those based on raw data; and (3) the STGCN model achieves the best performance when compared to those of all baseline models. The proposed method is applicable for similar scenarios where continuous heterogeneous data are collected from multiple monitoring points scattered across a study area.
description: 32 pages
title: Regulatory Competition in the EU: Foundations, Tools and Implications - Introduction
Creators: name: Costamagna, Francesco
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: regulatory competition
subject: internal market
subject: race to the bottom
subject: Court of Justice
subject: legislation
subject: regulatory standards

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 123-126
description: The Special Section investigates, from a multidisciplinary perspective, foundations, tools and implications of regulatory competition in the EU legal order. The analysis takes the view that regulatory competition is not just an inevitable corollary of the creation of the internal market, but it is the result of political choices made to pursue specific policy objectives. Moving from different analytical angles, it sheds more light on the dangers that the choice to promote regulatory competition poses for the constitutional identity of the EU. The Special Section is composed by two main parts. The first one offers an in-depth examination of the complex relationship between the European integration process and regulatory competition, exploring its historical and conceptual foundations, as well as critically engaging with its implications on the EU constitutional architecture. The second one builds on these analytical findings and, in particular, on the idea that regulatory competition is the by-product of political choices made by supranational institutions. These choices, and the institutional dynamics underneath, vary from sector to sector. The Articles composing this second part look both at fields where EU law acted as a facilitator of regulatory competition and at fields where it functioned as a buttress against it or, at least, some of its most heinous effects.
title: Institutionalising Solidarity: A Genuine Challenge for Europe
Creators: name: Muir, Elise
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: solidarity
subject: conflict
subject: collective bargaining
subject: economic governance
subject: Viking
subject: collective interests

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 251-255
description: I. Introduction. - II. A remarkable piece of scholarship for the conceptual approach chosen. - III. Reflecting on the foundational concept: the centrality of collective bargaining.
description: In Solidarity and Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), Silvana Sciarra invites us to reflect along with her on how to design European governance so as to ensure participation and support. Is collective bargaining the way forward?
title: Regulating Tax Competition in the Internal Market: Is the European Commission Finally Changing Course?
Creators: name: Van Cleynenbreugel, Pieter
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: European Union
subject: internal market
subject: regulatory competition
subject: state aid
subject: tax harmonisation
subject: budgetary policy coordination

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 225-250
description: I. Introduction. - II. Tax competition and the EU internal market: from beneficial to ever more dangerous. - II.1. The place of tax provisions in the EU internal market setup. - II.2. Tax competition within the EU internal market. - II.3. Current position: "aggressive" tax competition calls for EU intervention. - III. Overcoming "aggressive" tax competition: a change of course. - III.1. Hesitant steps towards harmonisation. - III.2. State aid rules. - III.3. Budgetary policy coordination. - IV. Calling for an even more explicit change of course. - V. Conclusion.
description: The establishment of an internal market has not only increased cross-border mobility, but also triggered more direct tax competition between EU Member States. Relying on national tax laws in an attempt to attract businesses and investment benefitting from free movement rights under EU law, Member States have been willing to lower their tax rates and to offer specific advantages to incoming businesses. In an attempt to avoid Member States' competitive dynamics from resulting in a race to the fiscal bottom, the European Union responded to those tendencies by proposing different steps to curb harmful tax competition. This Article offers an overview of the different regulatory responses put in place at EU level to address and regulate tax competition, prior to calling for a more integrated Commission approach governing tax competition in the internal market.
Graph Similarity Description: How Are These Graphs Similar?
Creators: name: Coupette, Corinna
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How do social networks differ across platforms? How do information networks change over time? Answering questions like these requires us to compare two or more graphs. This task is commonly treated as a measurement problem, but numerical answers give limited insight. Here, we argue that if the goal is to gain understanding, we should treat graph similarity assessment as a description problem instead. We formalize this problem as a model selection task using the Minimum Description Length principle, capturing the similarity of the input graphs in a common model and the differences between them in transformations to individual models. To discover good models, we propose Momo, which breaks the problem into two parts and introduces efficient algorithms for each. Through an extensive set of experiments on a wide range of synthetic and real-world graphs, we confirm that Momo works well in practice.
description: 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2021); 9+2 pages, 9+4 figures
A Minimax Lower Bound for Low-Rank Matrix-Variate Logistic Regression
Creators: name: Taki, Batoul
name: Ghassemi, Mohsen
name: Sarwate, Anand D.
name: Bajwa, Waheed U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper considers the problem of matrix-variate logistic regression. It derives the fundamental error threshold on estimating low-rank coefficient matrices in the logistic regression problem by obtaining a lower bound on the minimax risk. The bound depends explicitly on the dimension and distribution of the covariates, the rank and energy of the coefficient matrix, and the number of samples. The resulting bound is proportional to the intrinsic degrees of freedom in the problem, which suggests the sample complexity of the low-rank matrix logistic regression problem can be lower than that for vectorized logistic regression. The proof techniques utilized in this work also set the stage for development of minimax lower bounds for tensor-variate logistic regression problems.
description: 8 pages; published in Proc. 55th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, Oct. 31-Nov. 3, 2021
WhisperMask: A Noise Suppressive Mask-Type Microphone for Whisper Speech
Creators: name: Hiraki, Hirotaka
name: Kanazawa, Shusuke
name: Miura, Takahiro
name: Yoshida, Manabu
name: Mochimaru, Masaaki
name: Rekimoto, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: H.5.2

description: Whispering is a common privacy-preserving technique in voice-based interactions, but its effectiveness is limited in noisy environments. In conventional hardware- and software-based noise reduction approaches, isolating whispered speech from ambient noise and other speech sounds remains a challenge. We thus propose WhisperMask, a mask-type microphone featuring a large diaphragm with low sensitivity, making the wearer's voice significantly louder than the background noise. We evaluated WhisperMask using three key metrics: signal-to-noise ratio, quality of recorded voices, and speech recognition rate. Across all metrics, WhisperMask consistently outperformed traditional noise-suppressing microphones and software-based solutions. Notably, WhisperMask showed a 30% higher recognition accuracy for whispered speech recorded in an environment with 80 dB background noise compared with the pin microphone and earbuds. Furthermore, while a denoiser decreased the whispered speech recognition rate of these two microphones by approximately 20% at 30-60 dB noise, WhisperMask maintained a high performance even without denoising, surpassing the other microphones' performances by a significant margin.WhisperMask's design renders the wearer's voice as the dominant input and effectively suppresses background noise without relying on signal processing. This device allows for reliable voice interactions, such as phone calls and voice commands, in a wide range of noisy real-world scenarios while preserving user privacy.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Cosmic evolution in DHOST theories with scaling solutions
Creators: name: Thipaksorn, Wittaya
name: Karwan, Khamphee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study cosmic evolution based on the fixed points in the dynamical analysis of the Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar-Tensor (DHOST) theories. We consider the DHOST theory in which the propagation speed of gravitational waves is equal to the speed of light, the tensor perturbations do not decay to dark energy perturbations, and the scaling solutions exist. The scaling fixed point associated with late time acceleration of universe can be either stable or saddle depending on the parameters of the theory. For some ranges of the parameters, this scaling fixed point and field dominated fixed point can be simultaneously stable. Cosmic evolution will reach either the scaling attractor or the field dominated attractor depending on signs of time derivative of the scalar field in the theory during the matter domination. The density parameter of dark matter can be larger than unity before reaching the scaling attractor if the deviation from the Einstein theory of gravity is too large. For this DHOST theory, stabilities of $ϕ$-matter-dominated epoch ($ϕ$MDE) and field dominated solutions are similar to the coupled dark energy models in Einstein gravity even though gravity is described by different theories. In our consideration, the universe can only evolve from the $ϕ$MDE regime to the field dominated regime. The ghost and gradient instabilities up to linear order in cosmological perturbations have been investigated. There is no gradient instability, while the ghost instability can be avoided for some range of the parameters of the model.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Super-Acceleration with Cyclical Step-sizes
Creators: name: Goujaud, Baptiste
name: Scieur, Damien
name: Dieuleveut, Aymeric
name: Taylor, Adrien
name: Pedregosa, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a convergence-rate analysis of momentum with cyclical step-sizes. We show that under some assumption on the spectral gap of Hessians in machine learning, cyclical step-sizes are provably faster than constant step-sizes. More precisely, we develop a convergence rate analysis for quadratic objectives that provides optimal parameters and shows that cyclical learning rates can improve upon traditional lower complexity bounds. We further propose a systematic approach to design optimal first order methods for quadratic minimization with a given spectral structure. Finally, we provide a local convergence rate analysis beyond quadratic minimization for the proposed methods and illustrate our findings through benchmarks on least squares and logistic regression problems.
Denteilema Dubatolov 2012
Creators: name: Volynkin, Anton V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Denteilema

description: Genus Denteilema Dubatolov, 2012
 Denteilema Dubatolov, 2012, Euroasian entomological journal, 11 (6), 511.
 Type species: Denteilema unicolora Dubatolov, 2012, by original designation.
 Diagnosis. Males of the genus (Figs 1, 3–7) are similar to the genus Cernyia Bucsek, 2012 (illustrated by Bucsek (2012) and Dubatolov & Bucsek (2013)) but differ in the slightly shorter and broader forewing with a less convex anal margin, while the female of the type species (Fig. 2) is reminiscent of females of the genus Brunia Moore, 1878 and the identification requires the examination of the genitalia structures.
 The male genital capsule of Denteilema (Figs 8–11) is characterised by the unique combination of the following features clearly separating it from other known genera of Lithosiina. (1) Uncus is robust, clawshaped, strongly swollen proximally, with a swollen and setose ventro-basal protrusion; connected to the tegumen via broad membrane. (2) The tegumen is strongly dilated, heavily sclerotised, hood-like downcurved posteriorly, and has broad but short, heavily sclerotised apical lobes. (3) Valva is narrow and lobular, ca. ¾ of its dorsal and inner surface are connected to the tegumen through a broad membrane. (4) The dorsal section of the costa is very short but its ventral clasper-like plate crosses the valva obliquely and is distally fused with the distal section of the sacculus. (5) The transtilla is well- sclerotised and originates from the medial part of the costa (it was characterised by Dubatolov (2012) as a “harpe-like process on inner surface of valve near the base”). (6) The sacculus has a triangular and dentate proximal process directed dorsally, while its distal section is narrow, reaching the valva apex but lacking the distal process typical of most other Lithosiina genera.
 The phallus of Denteilema is characterised by the presence of a thorn-like dorsal carinal process. The vesica is short, more or less globular, has membranous diverticula and lacks ornamentation.
 In the female genitalia of the genus (Fig. 12), the structure of the 8 th abdominal segment is hereby considered as characteristic of the genus: it is long and broad, its sternite is markedly longer than the tergite, heavily sclerotised, and has a deep, triangular and membranous postvaginal area.
 Distribution. Species of the genus are known from Indochina (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and western Malaysia) and Northeast India.
description: Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., 2023, On the taxonomy of the genus Denteilema Dubatolov with a description of the female of Denteilema unicolora Dubatolov and new data on the genus distribution (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), pp. 134-139 in Ecologica Montenegrina 68 on page 135, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.68.13, http://zenodo.org/record/13246657
Single electrons on solid neon as a solid-state qubit platform
Creators: name: Zhou, Xianjing
name: Koolstra, Gerwin
name: Zhang, Xufeng
name: Yang, Ge
name: Han, Xu
name: Dizdar, Brennan
name: Li, Xinhao
name: Ralu, Divan
name: Guo, Wei
name: Murch, Kater W.
name: Schuster, David I.
name: Jin, Dafei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Progress toward the realization of quantum computers requires persistent advances in their constituent building blocks - qubits. Novel qubit platforms that simultaneously embody long coherence, fast operation, and large scalability offer compelling advantages in the construction of quantum computers and many other quantum information systems. Electrons, ubiquitous elementary particles of nonzero charge, spin, and mass, have commonly been perceived as paradigmatic local quantum information carriers. Despite superior controllability and configurability, their practical performance as qubits via either motional or spin states depends critically on their material environment. Here we report our experimental realization of a new qubit platform based upon isolated single electrons trapped on an ultraclean solid neon surface in vacuum. By integrating an electron trap in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture, we achieve strong coupling between the motional states of a single electron and a single microwave photon in an on-chip superconducting resonator. Qubit gate operations and dispersive readout are implemented to measure the energy relaxation time $T_1$ of $15~μ$s and phase coherence time $T_2$ over $200~$ns. These results indicate that the electron-on-solid-neon qubit already performs near the state of the art as a charge qubit.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Core Noise Requirements, and GW Sensitivities of AMIGO
Creators: name: Ni, Wei-Tou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AMIGO - The Astrodynamical Middle-frequency Interferometric GW (Gravitation-Wave) Observatory is a first-generation mid-frequency GW mission bridging the sensitivity gap between the high-frequency GW detectors and low-frequency space GW detectors. In our previous works, we have obtained appropriate heliocentric orbit formations of nominal arm length 10,000 km with their first-generation time-delay configurations satisfying frequency noise reduction requirement, and we have also worked out thrust-fuel friendly constant-arm heliocentric orbit formations. In this paper, we review and study noise requirements and present the corresponding GW sensitivities. From the design white position noises and acceleration noises, we obtain the GW sensitivities for the first-generation Michelson X TDI configuration of b-AMIGO (baseline AMIGO), AMIGO, and e-AMIGO (enhanced AMIGO). In view of the current technology development, we study and indicate steps to implement the AMIGO mission concept.
description: revision to match the IJMPD in-press version
Quantum unitary evolution interspersed with repeated non-unitary interactions at random times: The method of stochastic Liouville equation, and two examples of interactions in the context of a tight-binding chain
Creators: name: Das, Debraj
name: Dattagupta, Sushanta
name: Gupta, Shamik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of unitary evolution of a generic quantum system interrupted at random times with non-unitary evolution due to interactions with either the external environment or a measuring apparatus, we adduce a general theoretical framework to obtain the average density operator of the system at any time during the dynamical evolution. The average is with respect to the classical randomness associated with the random time intervals between successive interactions, which we consider to be independent and identically-distributed random variables. We provide two explicit applications of the formalism in the context of the so-called tight-binding model relevant in various contexts in solid-state physics. In one dimension, the corresponding tight-binding chain models the motion of a charged particle between the sites of a lattice, wherein the particle is for most times localized on the sites, but which owing to spontaneous quantum fluctuations tunnels between nearest-neighbour sites. We consider two representative forms of interactions: stochastic reset of quantum dynamics, in which the density operator is at random times reset to its initial form, and projective measurements performed on the system at random times. In the former case, we demonstrate with our exact results how the particle is localized on the sites at long times, leading to a time-independent mean-squared displacement of the particle about its initial location. In the case of projective measurements at random times, we show that repeated projection to the initial state of the particle results in an effective suppression of the temporal decay in the probability of the particle to be found on the initial state. The amount of suppression is comparable to the one in conventional Zeno effect scenarios, but which however does not require performing measurements at exactly regular intervals that are hallmarks of such scenarios.
description: v2: expanded version with new results, Accepted for publication in J. Stat. Mech.: Theory. Exp. (2022)
The Influence of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Orientation and Volume Fraction on Methyl Methacrylate-Based Polymer Matrix for Prosthetic Socket Application
Creators: name: Gaba, Eric Worlawoe
name: Asimeng, Bernard O.
name: Kaufmann, Elsie Effah
name: Foster, Johan
name: Tiburu, Elvis K.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: This work reports on the use of low-cost pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) as an alternative reinforcing material to the established, commonly used material for prosthetic socket fabrication which is carbon-fiber-reinforced composite (CFRC) due to the high strength and stiffness of carbon fiber. However, the low range of loads exerted on a typical prosthetic socket (PS) in practice suggests that the use of CFRC may not be appropriate because of the high material stiffness which can be detrimental to socket-limb load transfer. Additionally, the high cost of carbon fiber avails opportunities to look for an alternative material as a reinforcement for composite PS development. PALF/Methyl Methacrylate-based (MMA) composites with 0°, 45° and 90° fiber orientations were made with 5–50 v/v fiber volume fractions. The PALF/MMA composites were subjected to a three-point flexural test to determine the effect of fiber volume fraction and fiber orientation on the flexural properties of the composite. The results showed that 40% v/v PALF/MMA composite with 0° fiber orientation recorded the highest flexural strength (50 MPa) and stiffness (1692 MPa). Considering the average load range exerted on PS, the flexural performance of the novel composite characterized in this work could be suitable for socket-limb load transfer for PS fabrication.
SIMILARITIES IN THE PRESENTATION OF SEVERE MALARIA AND THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA: A CASE REPORT FROM A RURAL KENYAN HOSPITAL
Creators: name: Onyango C., Vonwicks; MBChB, MMed, FCP (SA)
name: Kimeli K., Moses; Diploma Clinical Medicine, HND Diagnostic Sonography, BSc. Clinical Medicine
name: Mutiso, Boniface; Diploma Clinical Medicine, MBChB (c)
name: Mbugua M., John; Diploma Clinical Medicine
name: Fryda, C. William, MD.
Publisher: name: ZAP JOURNALS
Year: 2024
Subjects: severe malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, TTP, thrombotic microangiopathy, Kenya

description: Severe malaria can present with clinical features strikingly similar to those of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), including the “pentad” of fever, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, neurological deficits, and renal failure. This finding is believed to be due to a shared pathogenetic pathway involving thrombotic microangiopathy, resulting in increased von Willebrand factor levels and decreased ADAMTS13 activity. In this study, we present the case of a 56-year-old Kenyan woman who presented with the “TTP pentad,” jaundice, hypoglycemia, shock, and repeatedly negative thin blood slide microscopy results for malaria, but her peripheral blood film revealed numerous Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. The patient was treated with intravenous artesunate and artemether-lumefantrine, as well as supportive care, with complete resolution of her symptoms and normalization of her laboratory derangements. We emphasize awareness of this shared pathogenesis and a high index of suspicion for either disease in appropriate clinical contexts to minimize delays in providing life-saving treatment
Effect of Requirements Analyst Experience on Elicitation Effectiveness: A Family of Empirical Studies
Creators: name: Aranda, Alejandrina M.
name: Dieste, Oscar
name: Panach, Jose I.
name: Juristo, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context. Nowadays there is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the effects of experience on Requirements Engineering (RE). There is a widespread idea that experience improves analyst performance. However, there are empirical studies that demonstrate the exact opposite. Aim. Determine whether experience influences requirements analyst performance. Method. Quasi-experiments run with students and professionals. The experimental task was to elicit requirements using the open interview technique immediately followed by the consolidation of the elicited information in domains with which the analysts were and were not familiar. Results. In unfamiliar domains, interview, requirements, development, and professional experience does not influence analyst effectiveness. In familiar domains, effectiveness varies depending on the type of experience. Interview experience has a strong positive effect, whereas professional experience has a moderate negative effect. Requirements experience appears to have a moderately positive effect; however, the statistical power of the analysis is insufficient to be able to confirm this point. Development experience has no effect either way. Conclusion. Experience effects analyst effectiveness differently depending on the problem domain type (familiar, unfamiliar). Generally, experience does not account for all the observed variability, which means there are other influential factors.
An augmented Lagrangian deep learning method for variational problems with essential boundary conditions
Creators: name: Huang, Jianguo
name: Wang, Haoqin
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with a novel deep learning method for variational problems with essential boundary conditions. To this end, we first reformulate the original problem into a minimax problem corresponding to a feasible augmented Lagrangian, which can be solved by the augmented Lagrangian method in an infinite dimensional setting. Based on this, by expressing the primal and dual variables with two individual deep neural network functions, we present an augmented Lagrangian deep learning method for which the parameters are trained by the stochastic optimization method together with a projection technique. Compared to the traditional penalty method, the new method admits two main advantages: i) the choice of the penalty parameter is flexible and robust, and ii) the numerical solution is more accurate in the same magnitude of computational cost. As typical applications, we apply the new approach to solve elliptic problems and (nonlinear) eigenvalue problems with essential boundary conditions, and numerical experiments are presented to show the effectiveness of the new method.