cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fidelity at Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum phase transitions
Creators: name: Sun, G.
name: Kolezhuk, A. K.
name: Vekua, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We clarify the long-standing controversy concerning the behavior of the ground state fidelity in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type in one-dimensional systems. Contrary to the prediction based on the Gaussian approximation of the Luttinger liquid approach, it is shown that the fidelity susceptibility does not diverge at the transition, but has a cusp-like peak $χ_c- χ(λ)\sim \sqrt{|λ_c-λ|} $, where $λ$ is a parameter driving the transition, and $χ_c$ is the peak value at the transition point $λ=λ_c$. Numerical claims of the logarithmic divergence of fidelity susceptibility with the system size (or temperature) are explained by logarithmic corrections due to marginal operators, which is supported by numerical calculations for large systems.
description: Rerpalced by published version
Suboptimal control of laser surface hardening using proper orthogonal decomposition
Creators: name: Hömberg, Dietmar
name: Volkwein, Stefan
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Laser hardening
subject: optimality conditions
subject: properorthogonal decomposition
subject: error estimates
subject: suboptimal control
subject: 35Kxx
subject: 49J20
subject: 49K20
subject: 65Nxx

description: Laser surface hardening of steel is formulated in terms of an optimal control problem, where the state equations are a semilinear heat equation and an ordinary differential equation, which describes the evolution of the high temperature phase. The optimal control problem is analyzed and first-order necessary optimality conditions are derived. An error estimate for POD (proper orthogonal decomposition) Galerkin methods for the state system is proved. Finally a strategy to obtain suboptimal controls using POD is developed and validated by computing some numerical examples.
The Septate Junction Protein Caspr Is Required for Structural Support and Retention of KCNQ4 at Calyceal Synapses of Vestibular Hair Cells
Creators: name: Pillai, A. M.
name: Bhat, M. A.
name: Kachar, B.
name: Sousa, A. D.
name: Salles, F. T.
name: Buttermore, E. D.
name: Andrade, L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The afferent innervation contacting the type I hair cells of the vestibular sensory epithelia form distinct calyceal synapses. The apposed pre- and post-synaptic membranes at this large area of synaptic contact are kept at a remarkably regular distance. Here, we show by freeze-fracture electron microscopy that a patterned alignment of proteins at the calyceal membrane resembles a type of intercellular junction that is rare in vertebrates, the septate junction (SJ). We found that a core molecular component of SJs, Caspr, colocalizes with the K+ channel KCNQ4 at the post-synaptic membranes of these calyceal synapses. Immunolabeling and ultrastructural analyses of Caspr knockout mice reveal that, in the absence of Caspr, the separation between the membranes of the hair cells and the afferent neurons is conspicuously irregular and often increased by an order of magnitude. In these mutants, KCNQ4 fails to cluster at the post-synaptic membrane and appears diffused along the entire calyceal membrane. Our results indicate that a septate-like junction provides structural support to calyceal synaptic contact with the vestibular hair cell, and that Caspr is required for the recruitment or retention of KCNQ4 at these synapses.
On the new coupled complex boundary method in shape optimization framework for solving stationary free boundary problems
Creators: name: Rabago, Julius Fergy T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q10, 49K20, 65K10

description: We expose here a novel application of the so-called coupled complex boundary method -- first put forward by Cheng et al. (2014) to deal with inverse source problems -- in the framework of shape optimization for solving the exterior Bernoulli problem, a prototypical model of stationary free boundary problems. The idea of the method is to transform the overdetermined problem to a complex boundary value problem with a complex Robin boundary condition coupling the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on the free boundary. Then, we optimize the cost function constructed by the imaginary part of the solution in the whole domain in order to identify the free boundary. We also prove the existence of the shape derivative of the complex state with respect to the domain. Afterwards, we compute the shape gradient of the cost functional, and characterize its shape Hessian at the optimal domain under a strong, and then a mild regularity assumption on the domain. We then examine the instability of the proposed method by proving the compactness of the latter expression. Also, we devise an iterative algorithm based on a Sobolev gradient scheme via finite element method to solve the minimization problem. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of the method through several numerical examples, both in two and three spatial dimensions.
description: 40 pages
On the correlation between stellar chromospheric flux and the surface gravity of close-in planets
Creators: name: Lanza, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chromospheric emission of stars with close-in transiting planets has been found to correlate with the surface gravity of their planets. Stars with low-gravity planets have on average a lower chromospheric flux. We propose that this correlation is due to the absorption by circumstellar matter that comes from the evaporation of the planets. Planets with a lower gravity have a greater mass-loss rate which leads to a higher column density of circumstellar absorption and this in turn explains the lower level of chromospheric emission observed in their host stars. We estimated the required column density and found that planetary evaporation can account for it. We derived a theoretical relationship between the chromospheric emission as measured in the core of the Ca II H&K lines and the planet gravity. We applied this relationship to a sample of transiting systems for which both the stellar Ca II H&K emission and the planetary surface gravity are known and found a good agreement, given the various sources of uncertainties and the intrinsic variability of the stellar emissions and planetary evaporation rates. We consider implications for the radial velocity jitter applied to fit the spectroscopic orbits and for the age estimates of planetary systems based on the chromospheric activity level of their host stars.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted as a Letter to the Editor of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Symplectic methods for Hamiltonian systems with additive noise
Creators: name: Milstein, Grigori N.
name: Repin, Yuri M.
name: Tretyakov, Michael V.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Hamiltonian systems with additive noise
subject: symplectic integration
subject: mean-square methods for stochastic differential equations
subject: 60H10
subject: 65C30
subject: 65P10

description: Stochastic systems, phase flows of which have integral invariants, are considered. Hamiltonian systems with additive noise being a wide class of such systems possess the property of preserving symplectic structure. For them, numerical methods preserving the symplectic structure are constructed. A special attention is paid to systems with separable Hamiltonians, to second order differential equations with additive noise, and to Hamiltonian systems with small additive noise.
Drosophila Neurexin IV Interacts with Roundabout and Is Required for Repulsive Midline Axon Guidance
Creators: name: Blauth, K.
name: Bhat, M. A.
name: Peters, K.
name: Banerjee, S.
name: Rogers, S. L.
name: Fanning, A. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Slit/Roundabout (Robo) signaling controls midline repulsive axon guidance. However, proteins that interact with Slit/Robo at the cell surface remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we report that the Drosophila transmembrane septate junction-specific protein, Neurexin IV (Nrx IV), functions in midline repulsive axon guidance. Nrx IV is expressed in the neurons of the developing ventral nerve cord and nrx IV mutants show crossing and circling of ipsilateral axons and fused commissures. Interestingly, the axon guidance defects observed in nrx IV mutants seem independent of its other binding partners such as Contactin and Neuroglian and the midline glia protein Wrapper that interacts in trans with Nrx IV. nrx IV mutants show diffuse Robo localization and dose-dependent genetic interactions between nrx IV/robo and nrx IV/slit indicate that they function in a common pathway. In vivo biochemical studies reveal that Nrx IV associates with Robo, Slit and Syndecan, and interactions between Robo and Slit, or Nrx IV and Slit, are affected in nrx IV and robo mutants, respectively. Coexpression of Nrx IV and Robo in mammalian cells confirms that these proteins retain the ability to interact in a heterologous system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the extracellular region of Nrx IV is sufficient to rescue Robo localization and axon guidance phenotypes in nrx IV mutants. Together our studies establish that Nrx IV is essential for proper Robo localization, and identify Nrx IV as a novel interacting partner of the Slit/Robo signaling pathway.
Automatic diagnosis of schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in rs-fMRI modality using convolutional autoencoder model and interval type-2 fuzzy regression
Creators: name: Shoeibi, Afshin
name: Ghassemi, Navid
name: Khodatars, Marjane
name: Moridian, Parisa
name: Khosravi, Abbas
name: Zare, Assef
name: Gorriz, Juan M.
name: Chale-Chale, Amir Hossein
name: Khadem, Ali
name: Acharya, U. Rajendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nowadays, many people worldwide suffer from brain disorders, and their health is in danger. So far, numerous methods have been proposed for the diagnosis of Schizophrenia (SZ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), among which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) modalities are known as a popular method among physicians. This paper presents an SZ and ADHD intelligent detection method of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) modality using a new deep learning method. The University of California Los Angeles dataset, which contains the rs-fMRI modalities of SZ and ADHD patients, has been used for experiments. The FMRIB software library toolbox first performed preprocessing on rs-fMRI data. Then, a convolutional Autoencoder model with the proposed number of layers is used to extract features from rs-fMRI data. In the classification step, a new fuzzy method called interval type-2 fuzzy regression (IT2FR) is introduced and then optimized by genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and gray wolf optimization (GWO) techniques. Also, the results of IT2FR methods are compared with multilayer perceptron, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest, and decision tree, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods. The experiment results show that the IT2FR method with the GWO optimization algorithm has achieved satisfactory results compared to other classifier methods. Finally, the proposed classification technique was able to provide 72.71% accuracy.
description: Cogn Neurodyn (2022)
Multiple time scales from hard local constraints: glassiness without disorder
Creators: name: Cepas, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While multiple time scales generally arise in the dynamics of disordered systems, we find multiple time scales in absence of disorder, in a simple model with hard local constraints. The dynamics of the model, which consists of local collective rearrangements of various scales, is not determined by the smallest scale but by a length $l^*$ that grows at low energies. In real space we find a hierarchy of fast and slow regions: each slow region is geometrically insulated from all faster degrees of freedom, which are localized in fast pockets below percolation thresholds. A tentative analogy with structural glasses is given, which attributes the slowing down of the dynamics to the growing size of mobile elementary excitations, rather than to the size of some domains.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, v2: publ
Higher-dimensional evolving wormholes satisfying the null energy condition
Creators: name: Zangeneh, Mahdi Kord
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
name: Riazi, Nematollah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider the possibility of expanding wormholes in higher-dimensions, which is an important ingredient of modern theories of fundamental physics. An important motivation is that non-trivial topological objects such as microscopic wormholes may have been enlarged to macroscopic sizes in an expanding inflationary cosmological background. Since the Ricci scalar is only a function of time in standard cosmological models, we use this property as a simplifying assumption. More specifically, we consider a particular class of wormhole solutions corresponding to the choice of a spatially homogeneous Ricci scalar. The possibility of obtaining solutions with normal and exotic matter is explored and we find a variety of solutions including those in four dimensions that satisfy the null energy condition (NEC) in specific time intervals. In particular, for five dimensions, we find solutions that satisfy the NEC throughout the respective evolution.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. V2: References added, minor corrections (including in the Flamm discussion); to appear in PRD
Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibits Nociception by Hydrolyzing AMP to Adenosine in Nociceptive Circuits
Creators: name: Sowa, N. A.
name: Taylor-Blake, B.
name: Zylka, M. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Ecto-5’-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) is a membrane-anchored protein that hydrolyzes extracellular adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine in diverse tissues but has not been directly studied in nociceptive neurons. We found that NT5E was located on peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptive neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and on axon terminals in lamina II (the substantia gelatinosa) of spinal cord. NT5E was also located on epidermal keratinocytes, cells of the dermis and on nociceptive axon terminals in the epidermis. Following nerve injury, NT5E protein and AMP histochemical staining were coordinately reduced in lamina II. In addition, AMP hydrolytic activity was reduced in DRG neurons and spinal cord of Nt5e−/− mice. The antinociceptive effects of AMP, when combined with the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5-iodotubericidin, were reduced by ~50% in Nt5e−/− mice and were eliminated in Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R, Adora1) knockout mice. Additionally, Nt5e−/− mice displayed enhanced sensitivity in the tail immersion assay, in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory pain and in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain. Collectively, our data indicate that the ectonucleotidase NT5E regulates nociception by hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine in nociceptive circuits and represents a new molecular target for the treatment of chronic pain. Moreover, our data suggest NT5E is well localized to regulate nucleotide signaling between skin cells and sensory axons.
Survey Analysis and Performance Indicator Research Report
Creators: name: Callerstig, Anne-Charlott
name: Guenther, Elisabeth Anna
name: Humbert, Anne Laure
name: Klatt, Sandra
name: Müller, Jörg
name: Sandström, Ulf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: bibliometrics; research performance; gender diversity; team science;

description: The present deliverable reports the findings of the cross-country survey regarding gender diversity in R&D teams across Europe and its link to performance indicators carried as part of Work Package 4 of the GEDII project. The empirical evidence is based upon 1,357 complete questionnaire submissions across 159 teams in the following 17 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Our preliminary analysis shows that inclusive teams as defined by the Gender Diversity Index do not affect research performance. Regarding gender differences, the models also indicate that there are not statistically significant effect of the share of women on performance – defined as both productivity and impact. Changes for version 2.1: added a summary report on the changes between D4.3 version 1 and D4.3 version 2, including data processing and analysis scripts as well as Docker files for creating corresponding software environments. Changes for version 2.0: Corrected version of D4.3 version 1.
description: Deliverable 4.3 of the GEDII Project
Sustaining Security and Safety in ICT: A Quest for Terminology, Objectives, and Limits
Creators: name: Muehlberg, Jan Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Security and safety are intertwined concepts in the world of computing. In recent years, the terms "sustainable security" and "sustainable safety" came into fashion and are being used referring to a variety of systems properties ranging from efficiency to profitability, and sometimes meaning that a product or service is good for people and planet. This leads to confusing perceptions of products where customers might expect a sustainable product to be developed without child labour, while the producer uses the term to signify that their new product uses marginally less power than the previous generation of that products. Even in research on sustainably safe and secure ICT, these different notions of terminology are prevalent. As researchers we often work towards optimising our subject of study towards one specific sustainability metric - let's say energy consumption - while being blissfully unaware of, e.g., social impacts, life-cycle impacts, or rebound effects of such optimisations. In this paper I dissect the idea of sustainable safety and security, starting from the questions of what we want to sustain, and for whom we want to sustain it. I believe that a general "people and planet" answer is inadequate here because this form of sustainability cannot be the property of a single industry sector but must be addressed by society as a whole. However, with sufficient understanding of life-cycle impacts we may very well be able to devise research and development efforts, and inform decision making processes towards the use of integrated safety and security solutions that help us to address societal challenges in the context of the climate and ecological crises, and that are aligned with concepts such as intersectionality and climate justice. Of course, these solutions can only be effective if they are embedded in societal and economic change towards more frugal uses of data and ICT.
Nonlocality and conflicting interest games
Creators: name: Pappa, Anna
name: Kumar, Niraj
name: Lawson, Thomas
name: Santha, Miklos
name: Zhang, Shengyu
name: Diamanti, Eleni
name: Kerenidis, Iordanis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlocality enables two parties to win specific games with probabilities strictly higher than allowed by any classical theory. Nevertheless, all known such examples consider games where the two parties have a common interest, since they jointly win or lose the game. The main question we ask here is whether the nonlocal feature of quantum mechanics can offer an advantage in a scenario where the two parties have conflicting interests. We answer this in the affirmative by presenting a simple conflicting interest game, where quantum strategies outperform classical ones. Moreover, we show that our game has a fair quantum equilibrium with higher payoffs for both players than in any fair classical equilibrium. Finally, we play the game using a commercial entangled photon source and demonstrate experimentally the quantum advantage.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, minor changes
In Vivo Deletion of Immunoglobulin Domains 5 and 6 in Neurofascin (Nfasc) Reveals Domain-Specific Requirements in Myelinated Axons
Creators: name: Bhat, M. A.
name: Labasque, M.
name: Pribisko, A. L.
name: Pillai, A. M.
name: Thaxton, C.
name: Dupree, J. L.
name: Faivre-Sarrailh, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The formation of paranodal axo-glial junctions is critical for the rapid and efficient propagation of nerve impulses. Genetic ablation of genes encoding the critical paranodal proteins Caspr, contactin (Cont), and the myelinating glia-specific isoform of Neurofascin (NfascNF155) results in the disruption of the paranodal axo-glial junctions, loss of ion channel segregation, and impaired nerve conduction, but the mechanisms regulating their interactions remains elusive. Here, we report that loss of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains 5 and 6 in NfascNF155 in mice phenocopies complete ablation of NfascNF155. The mutant mice lack paranodal septate junctions, resulting in the diffusion of Caspr and Cont from the paranodes, and redistribution of the juxtaparanodal potassium channels towards the nodes. While critical for NfascNF155 function, we find that Ig5-6 are dispensable for nodal NfascNF186 function. Moreover, in vitro binding assays using Ig5-6 deletion constructs reveal their importance for the association of NfascNF155 with Cont. These findings provide the first molecular evidence demonstrating domain specific requirements controlling the association of the paranodal tripartite complex in vivo. Our studies further emphasize that in vivo structure/function analysis is necessary to define the unique protein/protein interactions that differentially regulate the functions of Neurofascins during axonal domain organization.
Influence of MAP Recovered from Swine Wastewater as a Fertilizer Source on the Growth and Nutrition of Maize Plant
Creators: name: Nhut Huynh Tan
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: Fertilizer
MAP
Maize plant
Recovery
Swine wastewater

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 175-185
Mechanistic Basis for the Failure of Cone Transducin to Translocate: Why Cones Are Never Blinded by Light
Creators: name: Herrmann, R.
name: Finkelstein, S.
name: Jo, R.
name: Deng, W. T.
name: Skiba, N. P.
name: Weiss, E. R.
name: Lobanova, E. S.
name: Arshavsky, V. Y.
name: Reidel, B.
name: Hauswirth, W. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The remarkable ability of our vision to function under ever-changing conditions of ambient illumination is mediated by multiple molecular mechanisms regulating the light-sensitivity of rods and cones. One such mechanism involves massive translocation of signaling proteins, including the G protein transducin, into and out of the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment compartment. Transducin translocation extends the operating range of rods, but in cones transducin never translocates, which is puzzling because cones typically function in much brighter light than rods. Using genetically manipulated mice in which the rates of transducin activation and inactivation were altered, we demonstrate that, like in rods, transducin translocation in cones can be triggered when transducin activation exceeds a critical level essentially saturating the photoresponse. However, this level is never achieved in wild type cones: their superior ability to tightly control the rates of transducin activation and inactivation, responsible for avoiding saturation by light, also accounts for prevention of transducin translocation at any light intensity.
On the nonlinear instability of confined geometries
Creators: name: Okawa, Hirotada
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of a "weakly-turbulent" instability of anti-de Sitter spacetime supports the idea that confined fluctuations eventually collapse to black holes and suggests that similar phenomena might be possible in asymptotically-flat spacetime, for example in the context of spherically symmetric oscillations of stars or nonradial pulsations of ultracompact objects. Here we present a detailed study of the evolution of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system in a cavity, with different types of deformations of the spectrum, including a mass term for the scalar and Neumann conditions at the boundary. We provide numerical evidence that gravitational collapse always occurs, at least for amplitudes that are three orders of magnitude smaller than Choptuik's critical value and corresponding to more than $10^5$ reflections before collapse. The collapse time scales as the inverse square of the initial amplitude in the small-amplitude limit. In addition, we find that fields with nonresonant spectrum collapse earlier than in the fully-resonant case, a result that is at odds with the current understanding of the process. Energy is transferred through a direct cascade to high frequencies when the spectrum is resonant, but we observe both direct- and inverse-cascade effects for nonresonant spectra. Our results indicate that a fully-resonant spectrum might not be a crucial ingredient of the conjectured turbulent instability and that other mechanisms might be relevant. We discuss how a definitive answer to this problem is essentially impossible within the present framework.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures; v2:Some improvements in convergence results, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Open charm and bottom meson-nucleon potentials à la nuclear force
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Yasuhiro
name: Yasui, Shigehiro
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the interaction of an open heavy meson ($\bar{D}$ and $\bar{D}^{\ast}$ for charm or $B$ and $B^{\ast}$ for bottom) and a nucleon ($N$) by considering the $π$, $σ$, $ρ$, and $ω$ exchange potentials. We construct a potential model by respecting chiral symmetry for light quarks and spin symmetry for heavy quarks. Model parameters are adjusted by referring the phenomenological nuclear (CD-Bonn) potentials reproducing the low-energy $NN$ scatterings. We show that the resulting interaction may accommodate $\bar{D}N$ and $BN$ bound states with quantum number $I(J^{P})=0(1/2^{-})$, and a $BN$ bound state with $I(J^{P})=1(1/2^{-})$. We find that, in the present potential model, the $σ$ exchange potential plays an important role.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables, published version
Using Mixed-Effects Models to Learn Bayesian Networks from Related Data Sets
Creators: name: Scutari, Marco
name: Marquis, Christopher
name: Azzimonti, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We commonly assume that data are a homogeneous set of observations when learning the structure of Bayesian networks. However, they often comprise different data sets that are related but not homogeneous because they have been collected in different ways or from different populations. In our previous work (Azzimonti, Corani and Scutari, 2021), we proposed a closed-form Bayesian Hierarchical Dirichlet score for discrete data that pools information across related data sets to learn a single encompassing network structure, while taking into account the differences in their probabilistic structures. In this paper, we provide an analogous solution for learning a Bayesian network from continuous data using mixed-effects models to pool information across the related data sets. We study its structural, parametric, predictive and classification accuracy and we show that it outperforms both conditional Gaussian Bayesian networks (that do not perform any pooling) and classical Gaussian Bayesian networks (that disregard the heterogeneous nature of the data). The improvement is marked for low sample sizes and for unbalanced data sets.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Reduces Thermal Sensitivity and Chronic Pain Sensitization by Depleting Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate
Creators: name: Vihko, P.
name: Street, S. E.
name: Zylka, M. J.
name: Sowa, N. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is expressed in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, functions as an ectonucleotidase and generates adenosine extracellularly. Here, we found that PAP inhibits noxious thermal sensitivity and sensitization that is associated with chronic pain through sustained activation of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and phospholipase C-mediated depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). In mice, intrathecal injection of PAP reduced PIP2 levels in DRG, inhibited thermosensation through TRPV1 and enduringly reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia caused by inflammation, nerve injury and pronociceptive receptor activation. This included inhibitory effects on lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), purinergic (ATP), bradykinin and protease activated (thrombin) receptors. Conversely, PIP2 levels were significantly elevated in DRG from Pap−/− mice and this correlated with enhanced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in Pap−/− mice. To directly test the importance of PIP2 in nociception, we intrathecally injected PIP2 into mice. This transiently (2 hr) elevated PIP2 levels in lumbar DRG and transiently (2 hr) enhanced thermosensation. Additionally, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were enduringly enhanced when PIP2 levels were elevated coincident with injury/pronociceptive receptor stimulation. Nociceptive sensitization was not affected if PIP2 levels were elevated in the absence of ongoing pronociceptive receptor stimulation. Taken together, our data suggest that PIP2 levels in DRG directly influence thermosensation and the magnitude of nociceptive sensitization. Moreover, our data suggest there is an underlying “phosphoinositide tone” that can be manipulated by an adenosine-generating ectonucleotidase. This tone regulates how effectively acute nociceptive insults promote the transition to chronic pain.
3D Numerical Analysis of Focused Microwave Ablation for the Treatment of Patients with Localized Liver Cancer embedded with a Vertical and Horizontal Blood Vessel
Creators: name: Phadungsak Rattanadecho
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: 3D numerical modeling
FEM
Heat transfer
Liver cancer
Microwave ablation

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 186-203
Synapsins Differentially Control Dopamine and Serotonin Release
Creators: name: Wightman, R. M.
name: Venton, B. J.
name: Guillot, T. S.
name: Kile, B. M.
name: Augustine, G. J.
name: Wetsel, W. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Synapsins are a family of synaptic vesicle proteins that are important for neurotransmitter release. Here we have used triple knockout (TKO) mice lacking all three synapsin genes to determine the roles of synapsins in the release of two monoamine neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin. Serotonin release evoked by electrical stimulation was identical in substantia nigra pars reticulata slices prepared from TKO and wild-type mice. In contrast, release of dopamine in response to electrical stimulation was approximately doubled in striatum of TKO mice, both in vivo and in striatal slices, in comparison to wild-type controls. This was due to loss of synapsin III, because deletion of synapsin III alone was sufficient to increase dopamine release. Deletion of synapsins also increased the sensitivity of dopamine release to extracellular calcium ions. Although cocaine did not affect the release of serotonin from nigral tissue, this drug did enhance dopamine release. Cocaine-induced facilitation of dopamine release was a function of external calcium, an effect that was reduced in TKO mice. We conclude that synapsins play different roles in the control of release of dopamine and serotonin, with release of dopamine being negatively regulated by synapsins, specifically synapsin III, while serotonin release appears to be relatively independent of synapsins. These results provide further support for the concept that synapsin function in presynaptic terminals varies according to the neurotransmitter being released.
title: Brief von J. Cornwall an K. Rothschild
Creators: name: Cornwall, John
Year: 2017

description: Handschriftliche Korrektur und Signatur von Cornwall. - Als Beilage die Kopie eines Briefes von Cornwall an Wolfgang Blaas.
description: Typoskript, 2 Blätter, 1 Beilage
NrCAM Deletion Causes Topographic Mistargeting of Thalamocortical Axons to the Visual Cortex and Disrupts Visual Acuity
Creators: name: Demyanenko, G. P.
name: Grumet, M.
name: Philpot, B. D.
name: Tran, T. S.
name: Riday, T. T.
name: Darnell, E. P.
name: Dalal, J.
name: Sakurai, T.
name: Brennaman, L. H.
name: Maness, P. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: NrCAM is a neural cell adhesion molecule of the L1 family that has been linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), a disease spectrum in which abnormal thalamocortical connectivity may contribute to visual processing defects. Here we show that NrCAM interaction with Neuropilin-2 (Npn-2) is critical for Semaphorin3F (Sema3F)-induced guidance of thalamocortical axon subpopulations at the ventral telencephalon (VTe), an intermediate target for thalamic axon sorting. Genetic deletion of NrCAM or Npn-2 caused contingents of embryonic thalamic axons to misproject caudally in the VTe, away from a caudal-high Sema3F gradient. The resultant thalamocortical map of NrCAM null mutants showed striking mistargeting of motor and somatosensory thalamic axon contingents to the primary visual cortex, but retino-geniculate targeting and segregation were normal. NrCAM formed a molecular complex with Npn-2 in brain and neural cells, and was required for Sema3F-induced growth cone collapse in thalamic neuron cultures, consistent with a vital function for NrCAM in Sema3F-induced axon repulsion. NrCAM null mice displayed reduced responses to visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded from layer IV in the binocular zone of primary visual cortex (V1), particularly when evoked from the ipsilateral eye, indicating abnormal visual acuity and ocularity. These results demonstrate that NrCAM is required for normal maturation of cortical visual acuity, and suggest that the aberrant projection of thalamic motor and somatosensory axons to the visual cortex in NrCAM null mutant mice impairs cortical functions.
Constraining the neutrino magnetic dipole moment from white dwarf pulsations
Creators: name: Córsico, Alejandro H.
name: Althaus, Leandro G.
name: Bertolami, Marcelo M. Miller
name: Kepler, S. O.
name: García-Berro, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsating white dwarf stars can be used as astrophysical laboratories to constrain the properties of weakly interacting particles. Comparing the cooling rates of these stars with the expected values from theoretical models allows us to search for additional sources of cooling due to the emission of axions, neutralinos, or neutrinos with magnetic dipole moment. In this work, we derive an upper bound to the neutrino magnetic dipole moment using an estimate of the rate of period change of the pulsating DB white dwarf star PG 1351+489. By comparing the theoretical rate of change of period expected for this star with the rate of change of period with time of PG 1351+489, we assess the possible existence of additional cooling by neutrinos with magnetic dipole moment. Our models suggest the existence of some additional cooling in this pulsating DB white dwarf, consistent with a non-zero magnetic dipole moment. Our upper limit for the neutrino magnetic dipole moment is somewhat less restrictive than, but still compatible with, other limits inferred from the white dwarf luminosity function or from the color-magnitude diagram of the Globular cluster M5. Further improvements of the measurement of the rate of period change of the dominant pulsation mode of PG 1351+489 will be necessary to confirm our bound.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Assessment of water quality of some aquaculture ponds in Ho Chi Minh City
Creators: name: Duong, Thi Giang Huong
name: Nguyen, Thuan Minh
name: Tran, Ngoc Han
Publisher: name: Journal of Vietnamese Environment
Year: 2018

description: Eutrophication in aquaculture ponds is one of the major issues related to both the environment and the health of consumers. This study has selected and conducted a water-quality survey of nine freshwater aquaculture ponds in Ho Chi Minh City. The empirical results showed that these ponds were seriously polluted with COD and BOD5 whose values did not meet the B2 column of the Vietnamese National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). On the other hand, most N-NH4+ and N-NO2- concentrations in the ponds met the threshold value of B2 column. The values ​​of the chlorophyll-a are greater than 10 μg/L, indicating that investigated ponds are in a state of eutrophication. In addition, the results of the TSI calculations showed that most of the sites that are in hyper-eutrophication state and phosphorus is identified as the eutrophication limit factor in these sites. Phú dưỡng hóa nguồn nước nuôi trồng thủy sản là một trong các vấn đề lớn liên quan đến cả môi trường và sức khỏe người tiêu dùng. Nghiên cứu này đã lựa chọn và tiến hành khảo sát chất lượng nước của chín ao hồ nuôi thủy sản trên địa bàn thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy các ao hồ trên bị ô nhiễm hữu cơ nặng với thông số COD và BOD5 đều không đạt chuẩn B2 theo quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). Về mặt ô nhiễm các chất dinh dưỡng, nồng độ N-NH4+ và N-NO2- đa số chỉ thỏa mãn loại B2, thậm chí vượt ngưỡng quy định của cột B2. Các giá trị của thông số chlorophyll-a đều lớn hơn 10 µg/L, chứng tỏ các ao hồ khảo sát đều đang trong tình trạng phú dưỡng. Thêm vào đó, kết quả tính toán chỉ số TSI cho thấy hầu hết các vị trí nghiên cứu đang ở trạng thái siêu phú dưỡng và photpho được xác định là yếu tố giới hạn sự phú dưỡng của các vị trí khảo sát nêu trên.
description: Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 10 No 2 (2018)
Rapid Dopamine Signaling Differentially Modulates Distinct Microcircuits within the Nucleus Accumbens during Sucrose-Directed Behavior
Creators: name: Wightman, R. M.
name: Carelli, R. M.
name: Cacciapaglia, F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The mesolimbic dopamine projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critical in mediating reward-related behaviors, but the precise role of dopamine in this process remains unknown. We completed a series of studies to examine whether coincident changes occur in NAc cell firing and rapid dopamine release during goal-directed behaviors for sucrose and if so, to determine if the two are causally linked. We show that distinct populations of NAc neurons differentially encode sucrose-directed behaviors, and using a combined electrophysiology/electrochemistry technique, further show that it is at those locations that rapid dopamine signaling is observed. To determine causality, NAc cell firing was recorded during selective pharmacological inactivation of dopamine burst firing using the NMDA receptor antagonist, AP-5. We show that phasic dopamine selectively modulates excitatory but not inhibitory responses of NAc neurons during sucrose-seeking behavior. Thus, rapid dopamine signaling does not exert global actions in the NAc but selectively modulates discrete NAc microcircuits that ultimately influence goal-directed actions.
Energy reconstruction for large liquid scintillator detectors with machine learning techniques: aggregated features approach
Creators: name: Gavrikov, Arsenii
name: Malyshkin, Yury
name: Ratnikov, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale detectors consisting of a liquid scintillator target surrounded by an array of photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in the modern neutrino experiments: Borexino, KamLAND, Daya Bay, Double Chooz, RENO, and the upcoming JUNO with its satellite detector TAO. Such apparatuses are able to measure neutrino energy which can be derived from the amount of light and its spatial and temporal distribution over PMT channels. However, achieving a fine energy resolution in large-scale detectors is challenging. In this work, we present machine learning methods for energy reconstruction in the JUNO detector, the most advanced of its type. We focus on positron events in the energy range of 0-10 MeV which corresponds to the main signal in JUNO -- neutrinos originated from nuclear reactor cores and detected via the inverse beta decay channel. We consider the following models: Boosted Decision Trees and Fully Connected Deep Neural Network, trained on aggregated features, calculated using the information collected by PMTs. We describe the details of our feature engineering procedure and show that machine learning models can provide the energy resolution $σ= 3\%$ at 1 MeV using subsets of engineered features. The dataset for model training and testing is generated by the Monte Carlo method with the official JUNO software.
description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Eur. Phys. J. C. The final published version is available online: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-11004-6
Comparative Analysis and Validation of Selected Explicit Equation Models for Determination of Darcy Friction Factor to Estimate Major Head Loss for a Pressurized Flow System
Creators: name: Aanandsundar Arumugam
Publisher: name: Research Administration Division
Year: 2022
Subjects: Colebrook-White equation
Explicit equations
Friction factor
Optimum design
Statistical methodologies

description: Science & Technology Asia, 27, 3, 216-235
Castle Roy: Investigating Medieval Cultural Landscapes, Buildings and Materials in Badenoch, Abernethy and Mar
Creators: name: Thacker, Mark
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: A multidisciplinary historic landscape, buildings and materials study is presented, which situates the construction of Castle Roy within the wider physical and cultural environment of medieval Grampian Scotland. The paper highlights that the castle has been constructed close to an ecotone between distinctive upland and mountain biomes, before considering previous evidence relating to the building and its administrative role in the medieval period. A study of the surviving structure and its component materials is then presented, which includes petrographic, archaeobotanical and radiocarbon analysis of a well-distributed assemblage of mortar fragments, in comparison with various potential source materials from the surrounding environment. Informed by these analyses, Bayesian techniques are employed to generate estimates for the constructional chronology of the upstanding building, before reconsidering the history of the lordship and the location of the castle relative to other buildings across the region. Presenting the first independent dating evidence relating to the construction of this culturally significant building, the study ultimately confirms that Castle Roy was probably constructed in the late 12th to early 13th century at the administrative centre of the surrounding lordship and parish.
Work-loop techniques for optimising nonlinear forced oscillators
Creators: name: Pons, Arion
name: Beatus, Tsevi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Linear and nonlinear resonant states can be restrictive: they exist at particular discrete states in frequency and/or elasticity, under particular (e.g., simple-harmonic) waveforms. In forced oscillators, this restrictiveness is an obstacle to system design and control modulation: altering the system elasticity, or modulating the response, would both appear to necessarily incur a penalty to efficiency. In this work, we describe an approach for bypassing this obstacle. Using novel work-loop techniques, we prove and illustrate how certain classes of resonant optimisation problem lead to non-unique solutions. In a structural optimisation context, several categories of energetically-optimal elasticity are non-unique. In an optimal control context, several categories of energetically-optimal frequency are non-unique. For these classes of non-unique optimum, we can derive simple bounds defining the optimal region. These novel theoretical results have practical implications for the design and control of a range of biomimetic propulsion systems, including flapping-wing micro-air-vehicles: using these results, we can generate efficient forms of wingbeat modulation for flight control.