cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Context-aware Attentional Pooling (CAP) for Fine-grained Visual Classification
Creators: name: Behera, Ardhendu
name: Wharton, Zachary
name: Hewage, Pradeep
name: Bera, Asish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown a strong ability in mining discriminative object pose and parts information for image recognition. For fine-grained recognition, context-aware rich feature representation of object/scene plays a key role since it exhibits a significant variance in the same subcategory and subtle variance among different subcategories. Finding the subtle variance that fully characterizes the object/scene is not straightforward. To address this, we propose a novel context-aware attentional pooling (CAP) that effectively captures subtle changes via sub-pixel gradients, and learns to attend informative integral regions and their importance in discriminating different subcategories without requiring the bounding-box and/or distinguishable part annotations. We also introduce a novel feature encoding by considering the intrinsic consistency between the informativeness of the integral regions and their spatial structures to capture the semantic correlation among them. Our approach is simple yet extremely effective and can be easily applied on top of a standard classification backbone network. We evaluate our approach using six state-of-the-art (SotA) backbone networks and eight benchmark datasets. Our method significantly outperforms the SotA approaches on six datasets and is very competitive with the remaining two.
description: Extended version of the accepted paper in 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2021
A biochemical and molecular study of lignin biosynthesis
Creators: name: Dharmawardhana, Dilsiri Palitha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objective of the first half of this thesis was to develop an efficient and sensitive method to detect lignin in intact tissues using confocal laser scanning microscopy and to characterize the timing and quality of lignin deposited during Arabidopsis thaliana development. Lignin could first be detected 48h post-imbibition. During subsequent development, lignification of vasculature proceeded in a temporally coordinated manner, with lignin deposition closely following secondary wall thickening in vascular elements, in a cell-by-cell sequence. A spatially and temporally distinct pattern of syringyl lignin deposition was observed along the developing stem. Syringyl type lignin appeared only once fiber differentiation was initiated at day 21. The second half of the thesis is dedicated to identification, purification and characterization of a coniferin specific P-glucosidase from Pinus contorta xylem, and cloning of the corresponding cDNA. Coniferin accumulates to high levels during cambial reactivation, and a cinnamyl alcohol glucoside/ p-glucosidase system is thought to play a key role in lignification in gymnosperm tissues. However, evidence for the existence of P-glucosidases specific for cinnamyl alcohol glucosides in lignifying xylem has not been conclusive. Using a range of synthetic aromatic P-glucosides and coniferin as substrates, two major P-glucosidases present in total extractable xylem protein were identified. The enzyme that demonstrated a high specificity/ activity for coniferin was purified to homogeneity using anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration chromatography. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein, the corresponding cDNA was isolated from a library constructed from differentiating pine xylem. A 1909 bp full length cDNA sequence was confirmed to be that of coniferin Pglucosidase on the basis of it's homology to other plant P-glucosidases and by the demonstration of coniferin hydrolytic activity and similar substrate specificity when expressed in E. coli The deduced 513 amino acid protein contains a 23 amino acid N - terminal signal peptide that is characteristic of eukaryotic secretory proteins. The isolation of the coniferin |3-glucosidase cDNA offers novel opportunities to clarify the ultimate steps of lignin biosynthesis. It also opens a route to the possible modification of lignin in trees by down-regulation of its activity through genetic engineering.
Tropical Jacobians in R2
Creators: name: Yoshitomi, Shuhei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: By tropical Abel-Jacobi theorem, the Jacobian of a tropical curve is isomorphic to the Picard group. A tropical curve in $\mathbb{R}^2$ corresponds to an immersion from a tropical curve to $\mathbb{R}^2$. In this paper, we show that any principal divisor on a tropical curve is the restriction of a principal divisor on the ambient plane $\mathbb{R}^2$.
description: 18 pages, journal version
What to consider with subjective measures of conscious awareness
Creators: name: Rausch, Manuel
name: Zehetleitner, Michael
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Using subjective measures of conscious awareness raises multiple methodological issues, including what conscious contents participants should be asked to report, what the most apt recording technique is, and what statistical procedures should be applied. Concerning content, reports about the confidence in the accuracy of the preceding task response are associated with lower psychophysical thresholds, greater type-2 sensitivities, and earlier EEG correlates than reports about the visual experience of the stimulus. Concerning recording technique, more precise reports of visual experience can be obtained by visual analogue scales than by discrete labelled scales. Concerning statistics, logistic regression can be a powerful test to detect if there is a correlation between reports and task accuracy at all. However, logistic regression is less convenient to estimate type-2 sensitivity than measures derived from signal detection theory due to bias from subjective criteria. Overall, we suggest the study of consciousness increasingly benefits from subjective reports if methodological choices are tailored to the research questions.
Ricci Flow Gravity
Creators: name: Graf, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A theory of gravitation is proposed, modeled after the notion of a Ricci flow. In addition to the metric an independent volume enters as a fundamental geometric structure. Einstein gravity is included as a limiting case. Despite being a scalar-tensor theory the coupling to matter is different from Jordan-Brans-Dicke gravity. In particular there is no adjustable coupling constant. For the solar system the effects of Ricci flow gravity cannot be distinguished from Einstein gravity and therefore it passes all classical tests. However for cosmology significant deviations from standard Einstein cosmology will appear.
description: 15 pages. V2: improved presentation, in particular Jordan vs. Brans-Dicke and on viability. Added section on physical interpretation. V3: more references. Reworked to agree with published version
Enhanced atom-by-atom assembly of arbitrary tweezers arrays
Creators: name: Schymik, Kai-Niklas
name: Lienhard, Vincent
name: Barredo, Daniel
name: Scholl, Pascal
name: Williams, Hannah
name: Browaeys, Antoine
name: Lahaye, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on improvements extending the capabilities of the atom-by-atom assembler described in [Barredo et al., Science 354, 1021 (2016)] that we use to create fully-loaded target arrays of more than 100 single atoms in optical tweezers, starting from randomly-loaded, half-filled initial arrays. We describe four variants of the sorting algorithm that (i) allow decrease the number of moves needed for assembly and (ii) enable the assembly of arbitrary, non-regular target arrays. We finally demonstrate experimentally the performance of this enhanced assembler for a variety of target arrays.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Coarse Temporal Attention Network (CTA-Net) for Driver's Activity Recognition
Creators: name: Wharton, Zachary
name: Behera, Ardhendu
name: Liu, Yonghuai
name: Bessis, Nik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is significant progress in recognizing traditional human activities from videos focusing on highly distinctive actions involving discriminative body movements, body-object and/or human-human interactions. Driver's activities are different since they are executed by the same subject with similar body parts movements, resulting in subtle changes. To address this, we propose a novel framework by exploiting the spatiotemporal attention to model the subtle changes. Our model is named Coarse Temporal Attention Network (CTA-Net), in which coarse temporal branches are introduced in a trainable glimpse network. The goal is to allow the glimpse to capture high-level temporal relationships, such as 'during', 'before' and 'after' by focusing on a specific part of a video. These branches also respect the topology of the temporal dynamics in the video, ensuring that different branches learn meaningful spatial and temporal changes. The model then uses an innovative attention mechanism to generate high-level action specific contextual information for activity recognition by exploring the hidden states of an LSTM. The attention mechanism helps in learning to decide the importance of each hidden state for the recognition task by weighing them when constructing the representation of the video. Our approach is evaluated on four publicly accessible datasets and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art by a considerable margin with only RGB video as input.
description: Extended version of the accepted WACV 2021
Biased RSA private keys: Origin attribution of GCD-factorable keys
Creators: name: Janovsky, Adam
name: Nemec, Matus
name: Svenda, Petr
name: Sekan, Peter
name: Matyas, Vashek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 2016, Svenda et al. (USENIX 2016, The Million-key Question) reported that the implementation choices in cryptographic libraries allow for qualified guessing about the origin of public RSA keys. We extend the technique to two new scenarios when not only public but also private keys are available for the origin attribution - analysis of a source of GCD-factorable keys in IPv4-wide TLS scans and forensic investigation of an unknown source. We learn several representatives of the bias from the private keys to train a model on more than 150 million keys collected from 70 cryptographic libraries, hardware security modules and cryptographic smartcards. Our model not only doubles the number of distinguishable groups of libraries (compared to public keys from Svenda et al.) but also improves more than twice in accuracy w.r.t. random guessing when a single key is classified. For a forensic scenario where at least 10 keys from the same source are available, the correct origin library is correctly identified with average accuracy of 89% compared to 4% accuracy of a random guess. The technique was also used to identify libraries producing GCD-factorable TLS keys, showing that only three groups are the probable suspects.
Migration-Related Semantic Concepts for the Retrieval of Relevant Video Content
Creators: name: Erick, Elejalde
name: Damianos, Galanopoulos
name: Claudia, Niederee
name: Vasileios, Mezaris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Migration, and especially irregular migration, is a critical issue for border agencies and society in general. Migration-related situations and decisions are influenced by various factors, including the perceptions about migration routes and target countries. An improved understanding of such factors can be achieved by systematic automated analyses of media and social media channels, and the videos and images published in them. However, the multifaceted nature of migration and the variety of ways migration-related aspects are expressed in images and videos make the finding and automated analysis of migration-related multimedia content a challenging task. We propose a novel approach that effectively bridges the gap between a substantiated domain understanding - encapsulated into a set of Migration-related semantic concepts - and the expression of such concepts in a video, by introducing an advanced video analysis and retrieval method for this purpose.
Mid-InfraRed Outburst in Nearby Galaxies (MIRONG) I: Sample Selection and Characterization
Creators: name: Jiang, Ning
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Dou, Liming
name: Shu, Xinwen
name: Hu, Xueyang
name: Liu, Hui
name: Wang, Yibo
name: Yan, Lin
name: Sheng, Zhenfeng
name: Yang, Chenwei
name: Sun, Luming
name: Zhou, Hongyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical time-domain astronomy has grown rapidly in the past decade but the dynamic infrared sky is rarely explored. Aiming to construct a sample of mid-infrared outburst in nearby galaxies (MIRONG), we have conducted a systematical search of low-redshift ($z<0.35$) SDSS spectroscopic galaxies that have experienced recent MIR flares using their Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) light curves. A total of 137 galaxies have been selected by requiring a brightening amplitude of 0.5 magnitude in at least one WISE band with respect to their quiescent phases. Only a small faction (10.9%) has corresponding optical flares. Except for the four supernova (SNe) in our sample, the MIR luminosity of remaining sources ($L_{\rm 4.6μm}>10^{42}~\rm erg~s^{-1}$) are markedly brighter than known SNe and their physical locations are very close to the galactic center (median <0.1"). Only four galaxies are radio-loud indicating that synchrotron radiation from relativistic jets could contribute MIR variability. We propose that these MIR outburst are dominated by the dust echoes of transient accretion onto supermassive black holes, such as tidal disruption events (TDEs) and turn-on (changing-look) AGNs. Moreover, the inferred peak MIR luminosity function is generally consistent with the X-ray and optical TDEs at high end albeit with large uncertainties. Our results suggest that a large population of transients have been overlooked by optical surveys, probably due to dust obscuration or intrinsically optical weakness. Thus, a search in the infrared band is crucial for us to obtain a panoramic picture of nuclear outburst. The multiwavength follow-up observations of the MIRONG sample are in progress and will be presented in a series of subsequent papers.
description: ApJS accepted, 19 Figures, 5 Tables
Overinterpolation
Creators: name: Coman, Dan
name: Poletsky, Evgeny A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30E05, 30E10, 41A25

description: In this paper we study the consequences of overinterpolation, i.e., the situation when a function can be interpolated by polynomial, or rational, or algebraic functions in more points that normally expected. We show that in many cases such a function has specific forms.
description: 14 pages
Efficient estimation of the cardinality of large data sets
Creators: name: Chassaing, Philippe
name: Gerin, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: F.Giroire has recently proposed an algorithm which returns the approximate number of distincts elements in a large sequence of words, under strong constraints coming from the analysis of large data bases. His estimation is based on statistical properties of uniform random variables in $[0,1]$. In this note we propose an optimal estimation, using Kullback information and estimation theory.
description: Extended and improved version of the published paper
Food safety risk prediction with Deep Learning models using categorical embeddings on European Union data
Creators: name: Nogales, Alberto
name: Morón, Rodrigo Díaz
name: García-Tejedor, Álvaro J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: The world is becoming more globalized every day and people can buy products from almost every country in the world in their local stores. Given the different food and feed safety laws from country to country, the European Union began to register in 1977 all irregularities related to traded products to ensure cross-border monitoring of information and a quick reaction when risks to public health are detected in the food chain. This information has also an enormous potential as a preventive tool, in order to warn actors involved in food safety and optimize their resources. In this paper, a set of data related to food issues was scraped and analysed with Machine Learning techniques to predict some features of future notifications, so that pre-emptive measures can be taken. The novelty of the work relies on two points: the use of categorical embeddings with Deep Learning models (Multilayer Perceptron and 1-Dimension Convolutional Neural Networks) and its application to solve the problem of predicting food issues in the European Union. The models allow several features to be predicted: product category, hazard category and finally the proper action to be taken. Results show that the system can predict these features with an accuracy ranging from 74.08% to 93.06%.
description: 20 pages,8 figures, 15 tables
Empirical studies in information modeling: interpretation of the object relationship
Creators: name: Siau, Keng Leng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Information modeling is the cornerstone of information systems analysis and design. Information models not only provide the abstractions required to facilitate communication between designers and end users, they also provide a formal basis for tools and techniques used in developing and using information systems. This dissertation reports on four empirical studies in information modeling. The four studies focus on an important, yet controversial, construct in information modeling — the relationship construct. The theoretical foundation for the four experimental studies comprises theories and findings from the information systems, cognitive psychology, computer science, philosophy, and communication literature. Because of the paucity of empirical research in the area, a two-stage research design, consisting of the exploratory and formalized phases, is employed in this dissertation. Two studies were conducted in the exploratory phase. The first exploratory study investigated the effect of domain familiarity on selection of mandatory or optional connectivity for the relationship construct by modeling experts. The findings indicate that modeling experts tend to choose optional over mandatory relationships, even for domains that are totally unfamiliar to them. The second exploratory study analyzed the effect of conflicting textual information and structural constraints on selection of mandatory or optional connectivity by modeling experts. The results show that modeling experts tend to focus on the information depicted by the structural constraints and ignore the textual information. This exploratory phase allowed us to explore and develop empirical research methods and instruments for studying the relationship construct in information modeling. In the second phase, two formalized studies were conducted. The first formalized study investigated the differences between modeling experts and novices in their interpretation of information models. The results show significant differences in the way modeling experts and novices interpret information models. Modeling experts focus mainly on the structural constraints and de-emphasize the textual information. Modeling novices, on the other hand, pay more attention to the textual information than modeling experts. The second formalized study examined the effect of different representations of relationship on the interpretation of information models by modeling novices. The findings indicate that the explicitness of relationship construct and the use of verb versus noun description for relationship have a profound impact on the accuracy of interpretation. The best combination is one that uses an explicit relationship construct and verb for relationship description. The worst combination is one where the relationship construct is represented implicitly and described using noun.
Mean-field equation for phase-modulated optical parametric oscillator
Creators: name: Sanchez, A. D.
name: Kumar, S. Chaitanya
name: Ebrahim-Zadeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The widely established techniques for the generation of ultrashort optical pulses rely on passive mode-locking of lasers, with the output pulse duration and emission spectrum determined by the intrinsic lifetime of laser transition in the gain medium. Due to the instantaneous nature of nonlinear gain, optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are capable of generating optical radiation in all time scales from continuous-wave (cw) to ultrashort femtosecond regime, if driven by laser pump sources in the corresponding time domain. In the ultrashort time scale, operation of OPOs conventionally relies on mode-locked pump lasers, with the concomitant disadvantages of large footprint and high cost. At the same time, the lack of gain storage mandates the use of synchronous pumping, resulting in increased complexity. In this paper, we present the concept of phase-modulated OPO driven by cw pump laser. The approach overcomes the traditional drawbacks of ultrafast OPOs, enabling femtosecond pulse generation without the need for synchronous pumping, resulting in a simplified, compact and cost-effective architecture using cw input pump lasers. We derive a mean-field equation for a degenerate $χ^{(2)}$ OPO driven by a cw laser with intracavity electro-optic modulator (EOM), and also including dispersion compensation. The new equation predicts the formation of stable femtosecond pulses ($<$200~fs), in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes, with a controllable repetition rate determined by the frequency of the EOM. The remarkable functionality of the proposed scheme paves the way for the development of a new class of widely tunable coherent femtosecond light sources in both bulk and integrated format based on $χ^{(2)}$ OPOs using cw pump lasers.
Shadows of rotating Hayward-de Sitter black holes with astrometric observables
Creators: name: He, Peng-Zhang
name: Fan, Qi-Qi
name: Zhang, Hao-Ran
name: Deng, Jian-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent work on rotating black hole shadow [Phys. Rev. D101, 084029 (2020)], we investigate the shadow behaviors of rotating Hayward-de Sitter black hole for static observers at a finite distance in terms of astronomical observables. This paper uses the newly introduced distortion parameter in [arXiv:2006.00685] to describe the shadow's shape quantitatively. We show that the spin parameter would distort shadows and the magnetic monopole charge would increase the degree of deformation. At the same time, the distortion could be relieved because of the cosmological constant and the distortion would increase with the distance from the black hole. Besides, the spin parameter, magnetic monopole charge and cosmological constant increase will cause the shadow to shrink.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Kuy neighborhoods in Tambon Tum
Creators: name: Intanai, Thongwilai
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Explanation of the Kuy neighborhoods in Tambon Tum (ตำบลตูม): Ban Khi Nak บ้านขึ้นาค (almost fully Kuy), Ban Rong Ra บ้านรงระ (almost fully Kuy), Ban Khi Nak Noi บ้านขี้นาคน้อย (contains a Khmer minority). Recorder: Zoom H4n. Microphone: internal.
A Tutorial on the Classical Theories of Electromagnetic Scattering and Diffraction
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with Maxwell's equations, we derive the fundamental results of the Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theories of scalar diffraction and scattering. These results are then extended to cover the case of vector electromagnetic fields. The famous Sommerfeld solution to the problem of diffraction from a perfectly conducting half-plane is elaborated. Far-field scattering of plane waves from obstacles is treated in some detail, and the well-known optical cross-section theorem, which relates the scattering cross-section of an obstacle to its forward scattering amplitude, is derived. Also examined is the case of scattering from mild inhomogeneities within an otherwise homogeneous medium, where, in the first Born approximation, a fairly simple formula is found to relate the far-field scattering amplitude to the host medium's optical properties. The related problem of neutron scattering from ferromagnetic materials is treated in the final section of the paper.
description: 44 pages, 9 figures, 122 equations, 32 references, 13 appendices
Surface-Wave Propagation on Non-Hermitian Metasurfaces with Extreme Anisotropy
Creators: name: Coppolaro, Marino
name: Moccia, Massimo
name: Castaldi, Giuseppe
name: Alù, Andrea
name: Galdi, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic metasurfaces enable the advanced control of surface-wave propagation by spatially tailoring the local surface reactance. Interestingly, tailoring the surface resistance distribution in space provides new, largely unexplored degrees of freedom. Here, we show that suitable spatial modulations of the surface resistance between positive (i.e., loss) and negative (i.e., gain) values can induce peculiar dispersion effects, far beyond a mere compensation. Taking inspiration from the parity-time symmetry concept in quantum physics, we put forward and explore a class of non-Hermitian metasurfaces that may exhibit extreme anisotropy mainly induced by the gain-loss interplay. Via analytical modeling and full-wave numerical simulations, we illustrate the associated phenomenon of surface-wave canalization, explore nonlocal effects and possible departures from the ideal conditions, and address the feasibility of the required constitutive parameters. Our results suggest intriguing possibilities to dynamically reconfigure the surface-wave propagation, and are of potential interest for applications to imaging, sensing and communications.
description: 11 pages; 10 figures
Remarks on the Abraham-Minkowski problem, from the formal and from the experimental side
Creators: name: Brevik, Iver
name: Chaichian, Masud
name: Cotăescu, Ion I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Abraham-Minkowski problem known from classical electrodynamics from two different perspectives. First, we follow a formal approach, implying use of manifolds with curved space sections in accordance with Fermat's principle, emphasizing that the resulting covariant and contravariant components of the photon four-momentum is a property linked to the {\it Minkowski} theory only. There is thus no link to the Abraham theory in that context. Next we turn to the experimental side, giving a brief account of older and newer radiation pressure experiments that clearly show how the Minkowski photon momentum is preferable under optical conditions. Under low-frequency conditions, where experimental detection of the individual oscillations predicted by the Abraham term are possible, the picture is however quite different.
description: 13 pages, no figures
A Stochastic Model for Induced Seismicity at the Geothermal Systems: A Case of the Geysers
Creators: name: Shcherbakov, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Induced seismicity has emerged as a source of a significant earthquake hazard associated with recent development of unconventional energy resources. Therefore, it is imperative to develop stochastic models that can accurately describe the observed seismicity rate and forecast its evolution. In this study, a mechanism suggested by linear response theory is incorporated into a stochastic earthquake model to account for changes in the seismicity rate. It is derived that the induced rate can be modelled as a convolution of the forcing, related to fluid injection operations, and a specific response kernel. The model is incorporated into a Bayesian framework to compute the probabilities for the occurrence of the largest expected events during future time intervals. The applicability of the model is illustrated by analyzing the injection and seismicity data at the Geysers geothermal field in California. The suggested approach provides further insight into the probabilistic assessment of earthquake hazard associated with fluid injection operations. It also can be used for probing the rheological properties of the subsurface by analysing the inherent characteristic time-scales associated with the subsurface response to external forcing.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Hearing morse, music, mountains and heart beats : a sociology of sensory knowing
Creators: name: Maslen, Sarah Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: BD175.M37 2012
subject: Knowledge, Sociology of
subject: Senses and sensation

description: We rely on our senses to make judgements and perform roles, whether these are mundane aspects of life such as road crossing, or the more specialised tasks of music-making and paediatric surgery. Taking the example of hearing, this thesis argues that it is useful to consider the senses as a form of knowledge, adopting Fredrik Barth's position that knowledges are avenues through which people actively engage with their worlds. In defining knowledge and the senses in these terms, this research is an exploratory contribution to both sensory studies and sociologies of knowledge. Based on participant observation and interviews with 92 musicians, doctors, adventurers and Morse code operators, the thesis begins by examining each epistemic community's underlying knowledge base, before exploring their learning methods and the conditions that support the development of aural acuity. It then explores the role of the senses in expert practices, illustrating their value in decision-making,particularly in critical contexts. This thesis argues that the senses are a dynamic and active form of knowledge that needs to be examined at the micro- and macro-sociological level, as well as across careers and lifespans. It illustrates how the senses are learnt, interactive, responsive and personal.
Search for the decay of a B0 or B0bar meson to K*0bar K0 or K*0 K0bar
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for the decay of a B0 or B0bar meson to a K*0bar K0 or K*0 K0bar final state, using a sample of approximately 232 million BBbar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e+e- collider at SLAC. The measured branching fraction is B(B0 --> K*0bar K0) + B(B0 --> K*0 K0bar) = (0.2+0.9-0.8+0.1-0.3)x 10-6. We obtain the following upper limit for the branching fraction at 90% confidence level: B(B0 --> K*0bar K0) + B(B0 --> K*0 K0bar) <1.9 x 10-6. We use our result to constrain the Standard Model prediction for the deviation of the CP asymmetry in B0 --> phi K0 from sin(2beta).
description: 14 pages, 6 postscript figures
The scope of dependence-based duties
Creators: name: Collins, Stephanie
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dependency (Psychology)
subject: Duty
subject: Ethics

description: If you are dependent on someone in the right way, then that person has a moral duty. We can call this a "dependence-based duty." This thesis explores the scope of these duties-the range of normative assertions they produce-in both individual and group ethics. Part I builds a theoretical framework for these duties. I start by developing what I call the "Dependency Principle," which gives us an ecumenical account of when these duties arise for agents acting independently of others. Roughly, they arise when three onditions are met: (1) the agent is sufficiently likely to fulfil an important interest if she takes her most efficacious measures for doing so; (2) the cost of those measures is below some threshold; and (3) the cost of those measures is no higher than that of any other agent's most efficacious measures for fulfilling that interest. This is relatively straightforward for individuals-but some of the most pressing dependence-based duties seem to be held by groups. I give an account of group agents' capacities to bear duties, before arguing that the Dependency Principle cannot capture the full range of moral duties that intuitively arise out of our dependence on groups. Specifically, it cannot capture cases where no group agent exists, but where a number of individuals could mutually respond to one another to fulfil an important interest, or could come to constitute a group agent that would (if it existed) bear a duty under the Dependency Principle. For these cases, we need a "Coordination Principle" in order to capture all the dependence-based duties that common sense tells us exist. Thus, it is my argument that there are two distinct types of dependence-based duties: one derived from the ""Dependency Principle"" and the other from a separate "Coordination Principle." I then draw out some important implications of the Dependency and Coordination Principles, within interpersonal and international ethics. Part II considers a case from interpersonal ethics. I argue that my two dependence-based principles together provide a unified explanation of the moral theory of care ethics-the result being that care ethics is more systematised than its proponents often claim, and that the dependence-based principles gives us a wider range of claims about interpersonal ethics than first meets the eye. Part III turns to a case from international ethics. I argue that the Dependency and Coordination Principles together give a unified explanation of the international political doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect-the result being that we can more neatly assign the duties of this doctrine than has hitherto been recognised. By seeing that the Dependency and Coordination Principles provide a grounding for the claims of care ethicists and Responsibility to Protect proponents, we can see dependence-based duties as potentially underpinning many more normative assertions in interpersonal and international ethics than is commonly imagined.
Machine Learning Applications in Misuse and Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Sen, Jaydip
name: Mehtab, Sidra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning and data mining algorithms play important roles in designing intrusion detection systems. Based on their approaches toward the detection of attacks in a network, intrusion detection systems can be broadly categorized into two types. In the misuse detection systems, an attack in a system is detected whenever the sequence of activities in the network matches with a known attack signature. In the anomaly detection approach, on the other hand, anomalous states in a system are identified based on a significant difference in the state transitions of the system from its normal states. This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion on some of the existing schemes of intrusion detection based on misuse detection, anomaly detection and hybrid detection approaches. Some future directions of research in the design of algorithms for intrusion detection are also identified.
description: 21 Pages; 4 Figures; 3 Tables
Low energy positron scattering from atoms and molecules
Creators: name: Machacek, Joshua Reuben
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Positrons Scattering
subject: Scattering (Physics)
subject: Atoms
subject: Molecules

description: Low energy positron scattering has been conducted for over 40 years and large discrepancies (> 20%) in the measured cross sections have plagued both experimental and theoretical results. The advent of the Surko buffer-gas trap has provided for sufficiently large numbers of positrons, with previously unmatched angular and energy distributions, which has allowed for the measurement of absolute cross sections with absolute uncertainties of less than 10%. Continual improvement of the experimental techniques has allowed for the separation of the partial scattering channels. These results are crucial for testing our theoretical understanding of the scattering process and for modeling of positron transport in complex systems. The experiments reported in this thesis used a scattering apparatus which incorporated a radiative sodium-22 source of positrons that were moderated using solid neon and cooled further by a Surko buffer-gas trap. Those positrons were subsequently scattered from various atomic and molecular gases in a cylindrical scattering cell. Scattered and unscattered positrons emerging from the scattering cell were energy analysed with a retarding potential analyser to determine their energy loss, which enabled the determination of various scattering cross sections. Absolute elastic differential, grand total, total elastic, total inelastic and positronium formation scattering cross sections for energies between 1 and 200 eV are presented for a number of atomic and molecular species. Where possible, knowledge of the experimental limitations are combined with theoretical calculations to estimate the amount of the angular scattering missed due to the finite angular resolution of the experiment. Comparison of both grand total and partial total cross sections are compared to a number of theoretical calculations and previous experimental results, again where possible. A rotating electric field, or 'rotating-wall' electrode, was implemented to increase the central density of the positron beam. The operational phase space was explored in the context of the standard running parameters of this Surko-trap system used for atomic and molecular scattering experiments. Mechanisms for compression are reviewed in the context of applicability to the operational parameters of the trap and in the understanding of the dominant mechanism. The limitations in the implementation are discussed in regard to scattering experiments from atoms and molecules.
Asymptotic minimaxity of False Discovery Rate thresholding for sparse exponential data
Creators: name: Donoho, David
name: Jin, Jiashun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H12, 62C20 (Primary) 62G20, 62C10, 62C12. (Secondary)

description: We apply FDR thresholding to a non-Gaussian vector whose coordinates X_i, i=1,..., n, are independent exponential with individual means $μ_i$. The vector $μ=(μ_i)$ is thought to be sparse, with most coordinates 1 but a small fraction significantly larger than 1; roughly, most coordinates are simply `noise,' but a small fraction contain `signal.' We measure risk by per-coordinate mean-squared error in recovering $\log(μ_i)$, and study minimax estimation over parameter spaces defined by constraints on the per-coordinate p-norm of $\log(μ_i)$: $\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\log^p(μ_i)\leq η^p$. We show for large n and small $η$ that FDR thresholding can be nearly Minimax. The FDR control parameter 01/2 prevents near minimaxity. These conclusions mirror those found in the Gaussian case in Abramovich et al. [Ann. Statist. 34 (2006) 584--653]. The techniques developed here seem applicable to a wide range of other distributional assumptions, other loss measures and non-i.i.d. dependency structures.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000920 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Self-imaging silicon Raman amplifier
Creators: name: Raghunathan, Varun
name: Renner, Hagen
name: Rice, Robert R.
name: Jalali, Bahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new type of waveguide optical amplifier. The device consists of collinearly propagating pump and amplified Stokes beams with periodic imaging of the Stokes beam due to the Talbot effect. The application of this device as an Image preamplifier for Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) remote sensing is discussed and its performance is described. Silicon is the preferred material for this application in MWIR due to its excellent transmission properties, high thermal conductivity, high damage threshold and the mature fabrication technology. In these devices, the Raman amplification process also includes four-wave-mixing between various spatial modes of pump and Stokes signals. This phenomenon is unique to nonlinear interactions in multimode waveguides and places a limit on the maximum achievable gain, beyond which the image begins to distort. Another source of image distortion is the preferential amplification of Stokes modes that have the highest overlap with the pump. These effects introduce a tradeoff between the gain and image quality. We show that a possible solution to this trade-off is to restrict the pump into a single higher order waveguide mode.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures and 5 sections. Submitted to Optics Express
Convergence and the Length Spectrum
Creators: name: Sormani, Christina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The author defines and analyzes the $1/k$ length spectra, $L_{1/k}(M)$, whose union, over all $k\in \NN$ is the classical length spectrum. These new length spectra are shown to converge in the sense that $\lim_{i\to\infty} L_{1/k}(M_i) \subset \{0\}\cup L_{1/k}(M)$ as $M_i\to M$ in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense. Energy methods are introduced to estimate the shortest element of $L_{1/k}$, as well as a concept called the minimizing index which may be used to estimate the length of the shortest closed geodesic of a simply connected manifold in any dimension. A number of gap theorems are proven, including one for manifolds, $M^n$, with $Ricci\ge (n-1)$ and volume close to $Vol(S^n)$. Many results in this paper hold on compact length spaces in addition to Riemannian manifolds.
description: 31 pages, 5 eps figures, open problems for graduate students
Zero-energy states in corrugated bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Prokhorova, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalous quantum Hall effects in single-layer and bilayer graphene are related with nontrivial topological properties of electron states (Berry phases $π$ and 2$π$, respectively). It was known that the Atiyah-Singer index theorem guarantees, for the case of the single-layer, existence of zero-energy states for the case of inhomogeneous magnetic fields assuming that the total flux is non-zero. This leads, in particular, to appearance of midgap states in corrugated graphene and topologically protects zero-energy Landau level in corrugated single-layer graphene. Here we apply this theorem to the case of bilayer graphene and prove the existence of zero-energy modes for this case.
description: minor changes (misprints are fixed, a bit more explanations in the mathematical part are added)
Isospectral locally symmetric manifolds
Creators: name: McReynolds, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we construct closed, isospectral, non-isometric locally symmetric manifolds. We have three main results. First, we construct arbitrarily large sets of closed, isospectral, non-isometric manifolds. Second, we show the growth of size these sets of isospectral manifolds as a function of volume is super-polynomial. Finally, we construct pairs of infinite towers of finite covers of a closed manifold that are isospectral and non-isometric at each stage.
description: Version 2. Substantial revise from the first version including a title change. The previous title was "Constructing isospectral manifolds"
Acceleration from M theory and Fine-tuning
Creators: name: Gong, Yungui
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compactification of M theory with time dependent hyperbolic internal space gives an effective scalar field with exponential potential which provides a transient acceleration in Einstein frame in four dimensions. Ordinary matter and radiation are present in addition to the scalar field coming from compactification. We find that we have to fine-tune the initial conditions of the scalar field so that our Universe experiences acceleration now. During the evolution of our Universe, the volume of the internal space increases about 12 times. The time variation of the internal space results in a large time variation of the fine structure constant which violates the observational constraint on the variation of the fine structure constant. The large variation of the fine structure constant is a generic feature of transient acceleration models.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, use iopart, v2; references updated, accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Grav
Breathy vs. clear wordlist and vowels (78 F)
Creators: name: Intanai, Thongwilai
name: Silachai, Surin
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Elicitation of breathy/clear minimal pairs interspersed with other words targeting various vowels. ThwIn in background. Recorder: Zoom H4n. Microphone: C544-L Headset Microphone.