cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Three-Photon Discrete-Energy-Entangled W State in Optical Fiber
Creators: name: Fang, B.
name: Menotti, M.
name: Liscidini, M.
name: Sipe, J. E.
name: Lorenz, V. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate the generation of a three-photon discrete-energy-entangled W state using multi-photon-pair generation by spontaneous four-wave mixing in an optical fiber. We show that by making use of prior information on the photon source we can verify the state produced by this source without resorting to frequency conversion.
Probing the neutron skin with ultrarelativistic isobaric collisions
Creators: name: Li, Hanlin
name: Xu, Hao-jie
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Wang, Xiaobao
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Chen, Lie-Wen
name: Wang, Fuqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions depends on the details of the nucleon density distributions in the colliding nuclei. We demonstrate that the charged hadron multiplicity distributions in isobaric collisions at ultrarelativistic energies provide a novel approach to determine the poorly known neutron density distributions and thus the neutron skin thickness in finite nuclei, which can in turn put stringent constraints on the nuclear symmetry energy.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, published version
Neutrino Mean Free Path in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Lombardo, U.
name: Shen, Caiwan
name: Van Giai, N.
name: Zuo, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Landau parameters of nuclear matter and neutron matter are extracted from the Brueckner theory including three-body forces. The dynamical response function to weak neutrino current is calculated in terms of the Landau Parameters in the RPA limit. Then, the neutrino mean free path in neutron stars is calculated for different conditions of density and temperature.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, for proceeding of International Symposium on Physics of Unstable Nuclei, Halong Bay(Vietnam) Nov. 2002. Espcrc1.sty is given
Role of the inner copper-oxide plane in interlayer Josephson effects in multi-layered cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Nomura, Y.
name: Okamoto, R.
name: Mizuno, T.
name: Adachi, S.
name: Watanabe, T.
name: Suzuki, M.
name: Kakeya, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find systematic signatures suggesting a different superconducting nature for a triple-layered cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+δ}$ with respect to a double-layer through the properties of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs). Our measurements on the current-voltage characteristics reveal that the $c$-axis maximum Josephson current density is sensitive to the superfluid density in outer planes while the critical temperature and the superconducting gap remain unaffected. Switching dynamics of stacked IJJs exhibit that the fluctuation in gauge-invariant phase difference of an IJJ implies that the inner plane completely shields the capacitive coupling between adjacent IJJs, which is essential for mono- and bilayered cuprates.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
The Effect of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Yuan, Chenxin
name: Su, Hang
name: Chen, Tianzhen
name: Voon, Valerie
name: Du, Jiang
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Psychiatry
alcohol use disorder
iTBS
craving
randomized controlled trial
non-invasive brain stimulation

description: Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive stimulation technique which has a treatment potential for alcohol use disorder. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a new rTMS technique which is shorter in duration and thus with better tolerability and shows similar efficacy as rTMS for the treatment of depression. The effect of iTBS on reducing craving in alcohol use disorder patients requires further investigation. Methods: A randomized, controlled, single-blind, multicenter study with 60 alcohol use disorder patients randomized (2:1) to the iTBS group or the control group (sham iTBS). The stimulation target will be identical in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Baseline evaluations will be occurred before the intervention, after the intervention immediately, and 1 and 3 months after the intervention. The primary outcome of the study will be decrease of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores from baseline to the end of treatment. Discussion: This study is a randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of left DLPFC iTBS in a population of alcohol use disorder patients, compared with sham iTBS. If it is effective for alcohol use disorder, it may provide a potential treatment which is tolerable, accessible, and clinical useful. Cinical Trial Registration: This study is registered in the ClinicalTrials with trial number NCT03932149. Registered 17 April 2019.
Analysis of Applicability of Innovative Systems for Transport of Marine Containers
Creators: name: Dimitrijevic, Branislav
name: Spasovic, Lazar N.
name: Aboobaker, Nazhat
name: Dimitrijevic, Branislav
name: Spasovic, Lazar N.
name: Aboobaker, Nazhat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: New Jersey ports have been experiencing tremendous growth in container volumes in recent years and it is anticipated that this trend will continue in the future. This presents a serious challenge for the transportation network supporting the traffic related to port facilities’ operations. Currently most of the containers (around 90%) are transported to and from the port by trucks, while approximately 10% of containers are handled by rail. The projected growth in container traffic along with the expected growth of commuter traffic in the region will cause a significant increase in congestion which will ultimately completely deteriorate performance of the regional transportation system as well as the performance of the transportation network around the port and within the port terminals. In this situation, the port authority and port operators are seeking innovative ways to improve land access to and from New Jersey’s principal port terminals. One way to do so is to apply new, innovative transportation systems as an alternative to existing rail and highway modes. The research presented in this paper had three main objectives: to identify and describe innovative technologies that can be used to transport marine containers, to develop a methodological framework for evaluation and comparison of the innovative technologies, and to apply the evaluation framework and test feasibility and applicability of selected innovative technologies using case studies in New Jersey. Once the technologies have been reviewed and the most promising ones selected for further consideration, the multicriteria evaluation and decision making model has been developed that allows for the analysis and evaluation of alternative technologies over multiple objectives using different decision criteria. The methodology considers direct financial effects as well as external effects such as pollution, reduction in congestion, landuse disruption, socio-economic effects, and 2 impacts on transportation system performance. The case studies were developed in order to test the applicability of proposed methodology and feasibility of implementing alternative technologies in the New Jersey port region. The analysis showed that some of the innovative technologies are very competitive with existing rail and truck service, and even perform better, especially in case of increased container demand.
Deep Evidential Regression
Creators: name: Amini, Alexander
name: Schwarting, Wilko
name: Soleimany, Ava
name: Rus, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deterministic neural networks (NNs) are increasingly being deployed in safety critical domains, where calibrated, robust, and efficient measures of uncertainty are crucial. In this paper, we propose a novel method for training non-Bayesian NNs to estimate a continuous target as well as its associated evidence in order to learn both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. We accomplish this by placing evidential priors over the original Gaussian likelihood function and training the NN to infer the hyperparameters of the evidential distribution. We additionally impose priors during training such that the model is regularized when its predicted evidence is not aligned with the correct output. Our method does not rely on sampling during inference or on out-of-distribution (OOD) examples for training, thus enabling efficient and scalable uncertainty learning. We demonstrate learning well-calibrated measures of uncertainty on various benchmarks, scaling to complex computer vision tasks, as well as robustness to adversarial and OOD test samples.
description: Code available on: https://github.com/aamini/evidential-deep-learning
The Beacon Calculus: A formal method for the flexible and concise modelling of biological systems
Creators: name: Boemo, Michael A.
name: Cardelli, Luca
name: Nieduszynski, Conrad A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences

description: Biological systems are made up of components that change their actions (and interactions) over time and coordinate with other components nearby. Together with a large state space, the complexity of this behaviour can make it difficult to create concise mathematical models that can be easily extended or modified. This paper introduces the Beacon Calculus, a process algebra designed to simplify the task of modelling interacting biological components. Its breadth is demonstrated by creating models of DNA replication dynamics, the gene expression dynamics in response to DNA methylation damage, and a multisite phosphorylation switch. The flexibility of these models is shown by adapting the DNA replication model to further include two topics of interest from the literature: cooperative origin firing and replication fork barriers. The Beacon Calculus is supported with the open-source simulator bcs (https://github.com/MBoemo/bcs.git) to allow users to develop and simulate their own models.
Stratified disordered media: Exact solutions for transport parameters and their self-averaging properties
Creators: name: Clincy, M.
name: Kinzelbach, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transport of a passive tracer in a two-dimensional stratified random medium with flow parallel and perpendicular to the strata. Assuming a Gaussian random flow with a Gaussian correlation function, it is not only possible to derive exact expressions for the temporal behaviour of the dispersion coefficients characterising the tracer transport, but also to investigate the self-averaging properties of these quantities. We give explicit results for the dispersion coefficient and its mean square fluctuations as a function of time. As it turns out, the sample to sample fluctuations which are encoded in the latter quantity remain finite even in the asymptotic limit of infinite times, which implies that the given two-dimensional model is not self-averaging.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Rejuvenating conventional dendritic cells and T follicular helper cell formation after vaccination
Creators: name: Stebegg, Marisa
name: Bignon, Alexandre
name: Hill, Danika Lea
name: Silva-Cayetano, Alyssa
name: Krueger, Christel
name: Vanderleyden, Ine
name: Innocentin, Silvia
name: Boon, Louis
name: Wang, Jiong
name: Zand, Martin S
name: Dooley, James
name: Clark, Jonathan
name: Liston, Adrian
name: Carr, Edward
name: Linterman, Michelle A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Immunology and Inflammation
germinal centre response
ageing
t follicular helper cells
dendritic cells
Human
Mouse

description: Germinal centres (GCs) are T follicular helper cell (Tfh)-dependent structures that form in response to vaccination, producing long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells that protect against subsequent infection. With advancing age the GC and Tfh cell response declines, resulting in impaired humoral immunity. We sought to discover what underpins the poor Tfh cell response in ageing and whether it is possible to correct it. Here, we demonstrate that older people and aged mice have impaired Tfh cell differentiation upon vaccination. This deficit is preceded by poor activation of conventional dendritic cells type 2 (cDC2) due to reduced type 1 interferon signalling. Importantly, the Tfh and cDC2 cell response can be boosted in aged mice by treatment with a TLR7 agonist. This demonstrates that age-associated defects in the cDC2 and Tfh cell response are not irreversible and can be enhanced to improve vaccine responses in older individuals.
Status of Direct Determination of Solar Neutrino Fluxes after Borexino
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C.
name: Maltoni, Michele
name: Pinheiro, João Paulo
name: Serenelli, Aldo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the solar neutrino fluxes from the global analysis of the most up-to-date terrestrial and solar neutrino data including the final results of the three phases of Borexino. The analysis are performed in the framework of three-neutrino mixing with and without accounting for the solar luminosity constraint. We discuss the independence of the results on the input from the Gallium experiments. The determined fluxes are then compared with the predictions provided by the latest Standard Solar Models. We quantify the dependence of the model comparison with the assumptions about the normalization of the solar neutrino fluxes produced in the CNO-cycle as well as on the particular set of fluxes employed for the model testing.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Matches published version
Flux flow of Abrikosov-Josephson vortices along grain boundaries in high-temperature superconductors
Creators: name: Gurevich, A.
name: Rzchowski, M. S.
name: Daniels, G.
name: Patnaik, S.
name: Hinaus, B. M.
name: Carillo, F.
name: Tafuri, F.
name: Larbalestier, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that low-angle grain boundaries (GB) in high-temperature superconductors exhibit intermediate Abrikosov vortices with Josephson cores, whose length $l$ along GB is smaller that the London penetration depth, but larger than the coherence length. We found an exact solution for a periodic vortex structure moving along GB in a magnetic field $H$ and calculated the flux flow resistivity $R_F(H)$, and the nonlinear voltage-current characteristics. The predicted $R_F(H)$ dependence describes well our experimental data on $7^{\circ}$ unirradiated and irradiated $YBa_2Cu_3O_7$ bicrystals, from which the core size $l(T)$, and the intrinsic depairing density $J_b(T)$ on nanoscales of few GB dislocations were measured for the first time. The observed temperature dependence of $J_b(T)=J_{b0}(1-T/T_c)^2$ indicates a significant order parameter suppression in current channels between GB dislocation cores.
description: 5 pages 5 figures. Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted)
Analysis of the Effect of Milestone Aviation Accidents on Safety Policy, Regulation, and Technology
Creators: name: A., Lagos
name: M., Motevalli
name: N., Sakata
name: A., Lagos
name: M., Motevalli
name: N., Sakata
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The centennial of powered flight was celebrated last year, yet the history of significant development of the aviation industry only spans the past 50 years. Aviation professionals can point to significant events in aviation with a relative ease. Many of these events have a direct cause and effect relationship with changes in safety and security regulations, policies and technology. There are also cases of technological development that have resulted in changes in operations, regulations and policies. Analysis of major events related to aviation safety, such as a specific accident, clearly show the corresponding outcomes across a wide spectrum. Less clear is an in-depth understanding of specific correlations between aviation accidents and their outcomes. This paper will examine how milestone accidents in aviation safety, from 1988 through 2002, have lead to significant changes in the areas of policy, regulation, industry and technology. The authors hypothesize that outcomes in these areas are characterized by reactive as opposed to proactive solutions. Methodology includes use of expert interviews and surveys combined with content review of U.S. Congressional record, Federal Aviation Administration regulations, including the code of federal regulations, news articles and trade journals.
Avoidant Coping Style to High Imminence Threat Is Linked to Higher Anxiety-Like Behavior
Creators: name: Quah, Shaun K. L.
name: Cockcroft, Gemma J.
name: McIver, Lauren
name: Santangelo, Andrea M.
name: Roberts, Angela C.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience
coping
anxiety
fear
threat
stress
emotion

description: Human studies with self-reported measures have suggested a link between an avoidant coping style and high anxiety. Here, using the common marmoset as a model, we characterize the latent factors underlying behavioral responses of these monkeys towards low and high imminence threat and investigate if a predominantly avoidant behavioral response to high imminence threat is associated with greater anxiety-like behavior in a context of low imminence threat. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the human intruder test of low imminence threat revealed a single factor in which a combination of active vigilance and avoidance responses underpinned anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, two negatively-associated factors were revealed in the model snake test reflecting active and avoidant coping to high imminence threat. Subsequent analysis showed that animals with a predominantly avoidant coping style on the model snake test displayed higher anxiety-like behavior on the human intruder test, findings consistent with those described in humans. Together they illustrate the richness of the behavioral repertoire displayed by marmosets in low and high imminence threatening contexts and the additional insight that factor analysis can provide by identifying the latent factors underlying these complex behavioral datasets. They also highlight the translational value of this approach when studying the neural circuits underlying complex anxiety-like states in this primate model.
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Erratum to: systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of increased vegetable and fruit consumption on body weight and energy intake
Creators: name: O. Mytton
name: K. Nnoaham
name: H. Eyles
name: P. Scarborough
name: C. Ni Mhurchu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Science Policy

description: Derivation of standard errors for the difference in change in body weight between control and intervention from p-values (necessary for four studies included in the review). T-score and standard errors were imputed in Microsoft Excel, following the process outlined in the Cochrane Handbook (section 7.7.3.3) [8]. (DOCX 12Â kb)
Low Frequency Spin Dynamics in the CeMIn_5 Materials
Creators: name: Curro, N. J.
name: Pagliuso, P. G.
name: Sarrao, J. L.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Kos, S.
name: Abanov, Ar.
name: Pines, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the spin lattice relaxation of the In(1) nuclei in the CeMIn_5 materials, extract quantitative information about the low energy spin dynamics of the lattice of Ce moments in both CeRhIn_5 and CeCoIn_5, and identify a crossover in the normal state. Above a temperature T* the Ce lattice exhibits "Kondo gas" behavior characterized by local fluctuations of independently screened moments; below T* both systems exhibit a "Kondo liquid" regime in which interactions between the local moments contribute to the spin dynamics. Both the antiferromagnetic and superconducting ground states in these systems emerge from the "Kondo liquid" regime. Our analysis provides strong evidence for quantum criticality in CeCoIn_5.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Mining and Analysis of Traffic Safety and Roadway Condition Data
Creators: name: Lin, Hong
name: Cheedella, Sudheer
name: Rushing, John
name: Anderson, Michael
name: Keiser, Ken
name: Graves, Sara J.
name: Lin, Hong
name: Cheedella, Sudheer
name: Rushing, John
name: Anderson, Michael
name: Keiser, Ken
name: Graves, Sara J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Decision makers working to improve transportation systems must constantly balance the need to improve roadway safety through infrastructure investment with constraints of available resources. We have explored the additional information available to transportation decision makers by integrating two independent datasets, traffic accident and roadway pavement condition data. The roadway condition data are collected by the Alabama Department of Transportation. The traffic accident data are available in the University of Alabama’s Critical Analysis Reporting Environment (CARE) system. The Algorithm Development and Mining (ADaM) [Rushing] system, a data mining toolkit developed by the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) Information Technology and Systems Center (ITSC) was used to examine the possible relationships between roadway data and traffic safety data. The preliminary study showed that discernable and predictable associations can be identified through analysis of the roadway condition and reported traffic accident events. The analysis results indicate that data mining is a successful method to perform advanced analysis to improve infrastructure investment decisions.
title: Perceptions of Women in Authority Positions: The Role of Warmth and Competence
Creators: name: Chalmers, Jocelyn K.
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Warmth has been shown to disproportionately affect how we perceive women socially, resulting in different standards for men and women in authority roles that emphasize competence. I conducted 5 studies to determine whether warmth-related traits play a more central role in the evaluations of female lecturer and politicians than their male counterparts such that women are disproportionately "punished" in perceivers' eyes for lacking warmth, but not rewarded for possessing it. In Studies 1 and 2 participants assessed the warmth, competence and overall quality of university lecturers and American politicians respectively; in Study 1 a lack of warmth was more integral to how women were evaluated than it was to how men were evaluated, but this was not replicated in Study 2. In Study 3 I analysed the content of Rate My Professor evaluations, which provided some evidence that women receive greater scrutiny than men on warmth-related dimensions. Studies 4 and 5 were content analyses of American political media sources; while these studies did not provide evidence for my hypothesis, they did provide some evidence for an oppositional relationship between warmth and competence for women but not men. Overall, these studies provide mixed support for the idea that women in authority are viewed disproportionately negatively for lacking warmth, and set the basis for future research into the role of warmth in evaluating high-status women.
Estimating epidemiological parameters from experiments in vector access to host plants, the method of matching gradients
Creators: name: Donnelly, Ruairí
name: Sikazwe, Geofrey W.
name: Gilligan, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Medicine and health sciences
Biology and life sciences

description: Estimation of pathogenic life-history values, for instance the duration a pathogen is retained in an insect vector (i.e., retention period) is of particular importance for understanding plant disease epidemiology. How can we extract values for these epidemiological parameters from conventional small-scale laboratory experiments in which transmission success is measured in relation to durations of vector access to host plants? We provide a solution to this problem by deriving formulae for the empirical curves that these experiments produce, called access period response curves (i.e., transmission success vs access period). We do this by writing simple equations for the fundamental life-cycle components of insect vectors in the laboratory. We then infer values of epidemiological parameters by matching the theoretical and empirical gradients of access period response curves. Using the example of Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV), which has emerged in sub-Saharan Africa and now threatens regional food security, we illustrate the method of matching gradients. We show how applying the method to published data produces a new understanding of CBSV through the inference of retention period, acquisition period and inoculation period parameters. We found that CBSV is retained for a far shorter duration in its insect vector (Bemisia tabaci whitefly) than had previously been assumed. Our results shed light on a number of critical factors that may be responsible for the transition of CBSV from sub- to super-threshold R0 in sub-Saharan Africa. The method is applicable to plant pathogens in general, to supply epidemiological parameter estimates that are crucial for practical management of epidemics and prediction of pandemic risk.
WASA: A Web Application for Sequence Annotation
Creators: name: AlGhamdi, Fahad
name: Diab, Mona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data annotation is an important and necessary task for all NLP applications. Designing and implementing a web-based application that enables many annotators to annotate and enter their input into one central database is not a trivial task. These kinds of web-based applications require a consistent and robust backup for the underlying database and support to enhance the efficiency and speed of the annotation. Also, they need to ensure that the annotations are stored with a minimal amount of redundancy in order to take advantage of the available resources(e.g, storage space). In this paper, we introduce WASA, a web-based annotation system for managing large-scale multilingual Code Switching (CS) data annotation. Although WASA has the ability to perform the annotation for any token sequence with arbitrary tag sets, we will focus on how WASA is used for CS annotation. The system supports concurrent annotation, handles multiple encodings, allows for several levels of management control, and enables quality control measures while seamlessly reporting annotation statistics from various perspectives and at different levels of granularity. Moreover, the system is integrated with a robust language specific date prepossessing tool to enhance the speed and efficiency of the annotation. We describe the annotation and the administration interfaces as well as the backend engine.
Magnetic properties and spin dynamics in a spin-orbit driven Jeff= 1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Khatua, J.
name: Bhattacharya, S.
name: Strydom, A. M.
name: Zorko, A.
name: Lord, J. S.
name: Ozarowski, A.
name: Kermarrec, E.
name: Khuntia, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frustration-induced strong quantum fluctuations accompanied by spin-orbit coupling and crystal electric field can give rise to rich and diverse magnetic phenomena associated with unconventional low-energy excitations in rare-earth based quantum magnets. Herein, we present crystal structure, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, muon spin relaxation(muSR), and electron spin resonance (ESR) studies on the polycrystalline samples of Ba6Yb2Ti4O17 in which Yb3+ ions constitute a perfect triangular lattice in ab-plane without detectable anti-site disorder between atomic sites. The Curie-Weiss fit of low-temperature magnetic susceptibility data suggest the spin-orbit entangled Jeff = 1/2 degrees of freedom of Yb3+ spin with weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in the Kramers doublet ground state. The zero-field specific heat data reveal the presence of long-range magnetic order at TN = 77 mK which is suppressed in a magnetic field 1 T. The broad maximum in specific heat is attributed to the Schottky anomaly implying the Zeeman splitting of the Kramers doublet ground state. The ESR measurements suggest the presence of anisotropic exchange interaction between the moments of Yb3+ spins and the well separated Kramers doublet state. muSR experiments reveal a fluctuating state of Yb3+ spins in the temperature range 0.1 K-100 K owing to depopulation of crystal electric field levels, which suggests that the Kramers doublets are well separated consistent with thermodynamic and ESR results. In addition to the intraplane nearest-neighbor superexchange interaction, the interplane exchange interaction and anisotropy are expected to stabilize the long-range ordered state in this triangular lattice antiferromagnet.
Experimental characterization of fragile topology in an acoustic metamaterial
Creators: name: Peri, Valerio
name: Song, Zhi-Da
name: Serra-Garcia, Marc
name: Engeler, Pascal
name: Queiroz, Raquel
name: Huang, Xueqin
name: Deng, Weiyin
name: Liu, Zhengyou
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Huber, Sebastian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetries crucially underlie the classification of topological phases of matter. Most materials, both natural as well as architectured, possess crystalline symmetries. Recent theoretical works unveiled that these crystalline symmetries can stabilize fragile Bloch bands that challenge our very notion of topology: while answering to the most basic definition of topology, one can trivialize these bands through the addition of trivial Bloch bands. Here, we fully characterize the symmetry properties of the response of an acoustic metamaterial to establish the fragile nature of the low-lying Bloch bands. Additionally, we present a spectral signature in the form of spectral flow under twisted boundary conditions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures + supplementary information (21 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables). Note the accompanying paper by Zhi-Da Song et al. "Real Space Invariants: Twisted Bulk-Boundary Correspondence of Fragile Topology"' posted on the same day on the arXiv
title: From Galtonian Eugenics to Biosocial Science: The Intellectual Origins and Policy Implications of Quantifying Heredity in Interwar and Post-War Britain
Creators: name: Peace, David
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: In the UK, the period after the Second World War is generally associated with the reformist ideas which influenced the emergence of the welfare state, the NHS, and a political economy of national planning. Few, however, would connect the transition from the interwar to the post-war period in the UK with the continuing influence of eugenic ideas which had a lasting impact on British research on health and welfare policies following the end of 1945. This thesis aims to demonstrate that from the interwar through to the post-war decades, British social scientists, economists, demographers, doctors, and geneticists actively supported and advocated health and welfare policies which were fundamentally related to eugenic concerns about potential qualitative and quantitative changes within a population. It will show that eugenic ideas and methodologies which emerged during the interwar period's 'poverty debate' remained important to researchers in population genetics, social medicine, genetic counselling, and 'biosocial science' across the post-war period.This thesis represents the first detailed historical analysis of the influence of eugenics within post-war health and welfare policies and research in the UK following the end of the Second World War. It adopts a view which challenges the clean historical demarcation between interwar eugenics and post-war genetics, both in social research into the causes of poverty and medical research into the existence of innately pathological characters among certain population groups. In doing so, two broad new contributions to the history of eugenics in the UK are presented: firstly, this thesis demonstrates that developments across the twentieth century in applied quantitative analysis, particularly the statistical demarcation of varying groups within a population based upon categories of fitness, class, and health, were inspired by and influenced eugenic research in the social and biological sciences from the interwar period through to the late 1960s. Secondly, this thesis charts from the interwar period through to the post-war decades the intellectual shift among eugenicists towards a growing acceptance of a complex interaction between both environmental and genetic factors as the cause of 'social problems', such as poverty and unemployment, and changes in population health which complicates a clean nature/nurture distinction to define eugenics in relation to post-war research in human genetics. It concludes that these two broad findings together highlight the continuing influence of eugenics in the UK from the interwar period through to the post-war period, which is likely to have significant implications for our understanding of the history of established academic disciplines, such as population genetics, medical genetics, and bioethics.
Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity as a Marker of Diffuse Cerebrovascular Damage
Creators: name: Low, Audrey
name: Mak, Elijah
name: Stefaniak, James D.
name: Malpetti, Maura
name: Nicastro, Nicolas
name: Savulich, George
name: Chouliaras, Leonidas
name: Markus, Hugh S.
name: Rowe, James B.
name: O’Brien, John T.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
small vessel disease
magnetic resonance imaging
diffusion tensor imaging
white matter hyperintensities
cognition
dementia

description: Background: The peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) has been proposed as a fully automated imaging marker of relevance to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We assessed PSMD in relation to conventional SVD markers, global measures of neurodegeneration, and cognition. Methods: 145 participants underwent 3T brain MRI and cognitive assessment. 112 were patients with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia with Lewy bodies, or frontotemporal dementia. PSMD, SVD burden [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), microbleeds, lacunes], average mean diffusivity (MD), gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and total intracranial volume were quantified. Robust linear regression was conducted to examine associations between variables. Dominance analysis assessed the relative importance of markers in predicting various outcomes. Regional analyses examined spatial overlap between PSMD and WMH. Results: PSMD was associated with global and regional SVD measures, especially WMH and microbleeds. Dominance analysis demonstrated that among SVD markers, WMH was the strongest predictor of PSMD. Furthermore, PSMD was more closely associated to WMH than with GM and WM volumes. PSMD was associated with WMH across all regions, and correlations were not significantly stronger in corresponding regions (e.g., frontal PSMD and frontal WMH) compared to non-corresponding regions. PSMD outperformed all four conventional SVD markers and MD in predicting cognition, but was comparable to GM and WM volumes. Discussion: PSMD was robustly associated with established SVD markers. This new measure appears to be a marker of diffuse brain injury, largely due to vascular pathology, and may be a useful and convenient metric of overall cerebrovascular burden.
MOESM4 of The Microphenotron: a robotic miniaturized plant phenotyping platform with diverse applications in chemical biology
Creators: name: Burrell, Thomas
name: Fozard, Susan
name: Holroyd, Geoff
name: French, Andrew
name: Pound, Michael
name: Bigley, Christopher
name: C. James Taylor
name: Forde, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4. A description of the custom control software for the robotic manipulator.
Parity Violating Interactions and Currents in the Deuteron
Creators: name: Schiavilla, R.
name: Carlson, J.
name: Paris, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate parity-violating asymmetries in polarized n p radiative capture, and deuteron electro-disintegration in quasi-elastic kinematics, using the DDH model for the parity-violating nucleon-nucleon interaction. We find dramatic cancellations between the asymmetries induced by the parity-violating interaction and those arising from the associated parity-violating pion-exchange currents. In np capture, the model-dependence of the result is nevertheless quite small because of constraints arising through the Siegert evaluation of the relevant E1 matrix element. In quasi-elastic electron scattering these processes are found to be insignificant comared to the asymmetry produced by the gamma-Z interference on individual nucleons. These two experiments, then, provide clean probes of different aspects of weak-interaction physics associated with parity violation in the np system.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Igerna darjeelingensis C.A.Viraktamath 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Igerna
Igerna darjeelingensis

description: Igerna darjeelingensis sp. nov.
Figs 304–311.
 Color. Vertex with median stripe continued on face and meeting broad band between and enclosing ocelli, two lateral round spots, clypeus, clypellus, gena except proximal outer margin below eyes, lorum, pronotum except two obscured brownish spots on disc and ochraceous lateral and posterior margins, scutellum anterior to median impressed line, thoracic pleurites and abdominal sternites, black. Antennal cavity shining black. Legs, basal 0.33 of clavus, basal 0.66 of forewing, fuscous; rest of face, vertex, scutellum and forewings ochraceous.
 Morphology. Face including eyes wider than long, uniformly smoothly rounded in front, slightly depressed between ocelli. Ocelli closer to adjacent eye than to each other.
 Male genitalia. Height of pygofer more than length, caudo-dorsally produced into narrow strongly curved process with stout spine on mesal margin about midlength and two sub-equal stout spines at apex. Subgenital plates triangular, with rounded angles, without macrosetae and extending beyond pygofer. Styles with inner arm curved laterally and posteriorly, slender, pointed and slightly longer than outer arm. Connective heavily pigmented, broad in middle, bearing anterior median round lobe and two distal somewhat quadrate lobes. Aedeagus with well developed dorsal apodeme, preatrium well developed with pair of dorsally directed processes appearing U-shaped in caudal view; shaft compressed with pair of teeth proximally on dorsal margin, apically with asymmetrically curved process and with short process on caudal margin, gonopore terminal. Ninth tergum membranous except for anterior sclerotised narrow band. Tenth segment anteriorly poorly sclerotised and posteriorly stout. Anal collar laterally broad, margins sinuate, apically attenuated.
 Measurements. Male 4.2 mm long and 1.27 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. INDIA: HOLOTYPE ♂, West Bengal: Darjeeling, Tiger Hill, 27.iv.1938, T.C. Maa (BPBM). PARATYPES: INDIA: Sikkim: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Gangtok, 2123 m, 9.vi.2005, C.A. Viraktamath (UASB).
 Remarks. I. darjeelingensis can be distinguished by its slightly asymmetrical aedeagus, peculiar pygofer and by the structure of the anal collar process.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on pages 65-67
Evolution of the MRO business: findings from research at the floor level
Creators: name: Suckow, Michael W.
name: Stanley, David L.
name: Lopp, Denver W.
name: Wierich, Willis
name: Riehle, Joshua
name: Suckow, Michael W.
name: Stanley, David L.
name: Lopp, Denver W.
name: Wierich, Willis
name: Riehle, Joshua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Presently the airline business is evolving in response to a number of economic factors. While some of these factors are external, including the cost of fuel and new security measures, airlines have begun to recognize that survival may depend on their ability to control the internal factors. New or growing competitive airlines have built their enterprises on lower labor costs, higher efficiency, greater effectiveness, and the ability to adjust to customers needs. One component of these successful models is the out sourcing of work tasks that can be priced at a fixed and per unit basis. Establishing outside aircraft maintenance arrangements with large Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) companies is a major trend in today’s airline environment. This trend appears to be gaining momentum and has the potential to play a significant role in the turnaround sought by the airlines. Purdue University’s Aviation Technology Department has completed extensive research into the MRO business, both in the U.S. and overseas, including China. Much of this research has been concentrated on floor level operations, revealing many important factors for consideration as this business continues to expand. The MRO business is a complex business that must answer to a number of different stakeholders, including airline customer requirements, repair station regulations, EPA, and OSHA. Given the nature of the business, it is no surprise that interpretations of repair requirements and FAA policy differ from one station to another. Nonetheless, compliance with required and accepted maintenance procedures is of fundamental importance and of primary concern for maintaining safe and efficient airline travel. This paper will focus on the changes and support of oversight and the need for standardization as the MRO business expands in the United States and around the world.
How accurately can we measure the baryon acoustic oscillation feature?
Creators: name: Ruggeri, Rossana
name: Blake, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) represent one of the cleanest probes of dark energy, allowing for tests of the cosmological model through the measurement of distance and expansion rate from a 3D galaxy distribution. The signal appears at large scales in the correlation function where linear theory applies, allowing for the construction of accurate models. However, due to the lower number of modes available at these scales, sample variance has a significant impact on the signal, and may sharpen or widen the underlying peak. Therefore, equivalent mock realizations of a galaxy survey present different errors in the position of the peak when uncertainties are estimated from the posterior probability distribution corresponding to the individual mocks. Hence the posterior width, often quoted as the error in BAO survey measurements, is subject to sample noise. A different definition of the error is provided by the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator, which involves the average over multiple realizations, and is not subject to sample noise. In this work we re-analyse the main galaxy survey data available for BAO measurements and quantify the impact of the noise component on the error quoted for BAO measurements. We quantify the difference between three definitions of the error: the confidence region computed from a single posterior, the average of the variances of many realizations, and the Fisher matrix prediction assuming a Gaussian likelihood.
description: 14 pages