Cyllopsis R. Felder 1869
Creators: name: Espeland, Marianne
name: Nakahara, Shinichi
name: Zacca, Thamara
name: Barbosa, Eduardo P.
name: Huertas, Blanca
name: Marín, Mario A.
name: Lamas, Gerardo
name: Benmesbah, Mohamed
name: Brévignon, Christian
name: Casagrande, Mirna M.
name: Fåhraeus, Christer
name: Grishin, Nick
name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
name: Mielke, Olaf H. H.
name: Miller, Jacqueline Y.
name: Nakamura, Ichiro
name: Navas, Vanessa
name: Patrusky, Brooke
name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
name: Richards, Lindsay
name: Tan, Denise
name: Tyler, Stephanie
name: Viloria, Angel
name: Warren, Andrew D.
name: Xiao, Lei
name: Freitas, André V. L.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Cyllopsis

description: <i>Cyllopsis</i> clade The ‘ <i>Cyllopsis</i> clade’ was recognized in Espeland et al. (2019a), where it was placed as a strongly supported sister group to a much larger clade including major, species-rich clades such as the ‘ <i>Splendeuptychia</i> clade’, ‘ <i>Taygetis</i> clade’, ‘ <i>Megisto</i> clade’, ‘ <i>Pareuptychia</i> clade’. The clade was similarly recovered in previous molecular phylogenetic studies (Murray &amp; Prowell, 2005; Nakahara, Janzen, et al., 2015; Peña et al., 2010), and in the recent study of Rosa et al. (2021). Currently, four genera are recognized in the ‘ <i>Cyllopsis</i> clade’, namely <i>Cyllopsis</i> (30 species), <i>Paramacera</i> (5 species), <i>Inbio</i> (monotypic) and <i>Atlanteuptychia</i> (monotypic), and our molecular data suggest further taxonomic changes at the generic level are not needed (Figures 3, S 2 and S 3). The relationships between all genera are stable and well-supported in all analyses, with <i>Atlanteuptychia</i> being sister to the remainder of the clade, <i>Inbio</i> being sister to <i>Paramacera</i>, and these two again being sister to <i>Cyllopsis</i>. Thus, the generic classification is perhaps the most stable in comparison with other clades in the subtribe that contain multiple genera. Based on our unpublished data, the only known undescribed species within this clade are in <i>Cyllopsis</i>. Only two <i>Cyllopsis</i> species have been described more recently, including the unique <i>Cyllopsis emilia</i>, which appears to be one of the few euptychiine species that may be involved in mimicry with Pieridae butterflies (Chacon &amp; Nishida,2002; Warren et al., 2018). Conversely, there are likely several currently recognized <i>Cyllopsis</i> species that may represent seasonal forms, so some revision to the species taxonomy is likely needed (Warren, unpublished data). Members of the ‘ <i>Cyllopsis</i> clade’ are relatively small butterflies, with the forewing length of most species not exceeding 25 mm. Possible synapomorphies (not unique) and distinctive characters for the clade include the following: (a) brachia short (about half of uncus in length or shorter),described as ‘not freely articulated’ in Miller (1974); (b) smooth vesica lacking obvious sclerotized cornuti. Unlike other clades in the subtribe, members of the ‘ <i>Cyllopsis</i> clade’ are most diverse in Central America, especially in southern Mexico and Guatemala. In fact, the monotypic genus <i>Atlanteuptychia</i> is the only taxon in this clade found east of the Andes, namely from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Freitas et al., 2013), resulting in a disjunct distribution for the clade. Habitat preferences of species in this clade range from lowland rainforest to cloud forest at over 2000 m, with <i>Cyllopsis</i> being one of only three Euptychiina genera to have diversified extensively in montane regions (the others are <i>Forsterinaria</i> and <i>Moneuptychia</i>). The immature stages have been described for <i>Inbio hilara</i> feeding on <i>Rhipidocladum</i> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) (Nakahara,Janzen, et al., 2015), and various <i>Cyllopsis</i> species have been reported feeding on bamboo and other grass genera (Beccaloni et al., 2008), but otherwise there are few comprehensive, detailed descriptions or hostplant records for most species in the clade.
description: Published as part of <i>Espeland, Marianne, Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Huertas, Blanca, Marín, Mario A., Lamas, Gerardo, Benmesbah, Mohamed, Brévignon, Christian, Casagrande, Mirna M., Fåhraeus, Christer, Grishin, Nick, Kawahara, Akito Y., Mielke, Olaf H. H., Miller, Jacqueline Y., Nakamura, Ichiro, Navas, Vanessa, Patrusky, Brooke, Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Richards, Lindsay, Tan, Denise, Tyler, Stephanie, Viloria, Angel, Warren, Andrew D., Xiao, Lei, Freitas, André V. L. &amp; Willmott, Keith R., 2023, Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 1-73 in Zoological Research 2023</i> on page 8, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12590, http://zenodo.org/record/7909395
description: {"references": ["Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G. et al. (2019 a) Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124.", "Murray, D. &amp; Prowell, D. P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 67 - 80.", "Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258.", "Rosa, A. H. B., Huertas, B., Willmott, K. R., Barbosa, E. P., Machado, P. A., Mielke, O. H. H. et al. (2021) Fifty years without a name: a new species of Splendeuptychia Forster (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 5061, 95 - 114.", "Chacon, I. &amp; Nishida, K. (2002) A new species of Cyllopsis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50, 679 - 683.", "Warren, A. D., Nakahara, S., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A. &amp; Miller, J. Y. (2018) A new species of Cyllopsis R. Felder, 1869 from the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 4403, 570 - 577.", "Miller, L. D. (1974) Revision of the Euptychiini (Satyridae) 2. Cyllopsis R. Felder. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 20, 1 - 98.", "Freitas, A. V. L., Barbosa, E. P., Santos, J. P. &amp; Mielke, O. H. H. (2013) A new genus, Atlanteuptychia gen. Nov., for Euptychia Ernestina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zoologia (Curitiba), 30, 661 - 668.", "Beccaloni, G. W., Viloria, A. L., Hall, S. K. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2008) Catalogue of the hostplants of the Neotropical butterflies. Monografias Tercer Milenio. Sociedad Entomologica\u00b4Aragonesa (SEA) / Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografia y Entomologia Sistematica (RIBES) / Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED) / Natural History Museum, London, U. K. (NHM) / Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Venezuela (IVIC), Zaragoza, p. 536."]}