cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetocapacitance in non-magnetic inhomogeneous media
Creators: name: Parish, Meera M.
name: Littlewood, Peter B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dielectric response in a magnetic field is routinely used to probe the existence of coupled magnetic and elastic order in the multiferroics. However, here we demonstrate that magnetism is not necessary to produce a magnetocapacitance when the material is inhomogeneous. By considering a two-dimensional, two-component composite medium, we find a characteristic dielectric resonance that depends on magnetic field. We propose this as a possible signature of inhomogeneities and we argue that this behavior has already been observed in nanoporous silicon and some manganites.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
A Method for Pulsar Searching: Combining a Two-dimensional Autocorrelation Profile Map and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: Wang, Longqi
name: Jin, Jing
name: Liu, Lu
name: Shen, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In pulsar astronomy, detecting effective pulsar signals among numerous pulsar candidates is an important research topic. Starting from space X-ray pulsar signals, the two-dimensional autocorrelation profile map (2D-APM) feature modelling method, which utilizes epoch folding of the autocorrelation function of X-ray signals and expands the time-domain information of the periodic axis, is proposed. A uniform setting criterion regarding the time resolution of the periodic axis addresses pulsar signals without any prior information. Compared with the traditional profile, the model has a strong anti-noise ability, a greater abundance of information and consistent characteristics. The new feature is simulated with double Gaussian components, and the characteristic distribution of the model is revealed to be closely related to the distance between the double peaks of the profile. Next, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is built, named Inception-ResNet. According to the order of the peak separation and number of arriving photons, 30 data sets based on the Poisson process are simulated to construct the training set, and the observation data of PSRs B0531+21, B0540-69 and B1509-58 from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) are selected to generate the test set. The number of training sets and the number of test sets are 30,000 and 5,400, respectively. After achieving convergence stability, more than 99$\%$ of the pulsar signals are recognized, and more than 99$\%$ of the interference is successfully rejected, which verifies the high degree of agreement between the network and the feature model and the high potential of the proposed method in searching for pulsars.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, Journal
Vector and Axial Nucleon Form Factors:A Duality Constrained Parameterization
Creators: name: Bodek, A.
name: Avvakumov, S.
name: Bradford, R.
name: Budd, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new parameterizations of vector and axial nucleon form factors. We maintain an excellent descriptions of the form factors at low momentum transfers, where the spatial structure of the nucleon is important, and use the Nachtman scaling variable xi to relate elastic and inelastic form factors and impose quark-hadron duality constraints at high momentum transfers where the quark structure dominates. We use the new vector form factors to re-extract updated values of the axial form factor from neutrino experiments on deuterium. We obtain an updated world average value from neutrino-d and pion electroproduction experiments of M_A = 1.014 +- 0.014 GeV/c2. Our parameterizations are useful in modeling neutrino interactions at low energies (e.g. for neutrino oscillations experiments). The predictions for high momentum transfers can be tested in the next generation electron and neutrino scattering experiments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in EPJC
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of GmAAPTs from soybean (Glycine max)
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Zhu, Xiaofang
name: Guo, Xinya
name: Zhang, Wenhua
name: Zhang, Guozheng
name: Chen, Huatao
name: Zhang, Qun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Aminoalcoholphosphotransferase (AAPT) utilizes diacylglycerols and cytidine diphosphate-choline/ethanolamine as substrates for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Plant AAPTs involved in phospholipid metabolism mediate diverse physiological processes; however, little is known about their functions in triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism and seed germination. In the present study, we isolated and characterized two AAPTs, GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2, from soybean (Glycine max). GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2 exhibited strong similarity in their amino acid contents and expression patterns, and both were found to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In vitro enzymatic analyses showed that GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2 contributed to PC and PE synthesis and exhibited choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase-like enzymatic properties. The overexpression of GmAAPT1 and GmAAPT2 in Arabidopsis led to reduced levels of seed TAG and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased seed germination under freezing stress. Together, these findings suggest that GmAAPTs mediate TAG metabolism and negatively regulate seed freezing tolerance.
Scattering amplitudes in strongly coupled N=4 SYM from semiclassical strings in AdS
Creators: name: Abel, Steven
name: Forste, Stefan
name: Khoze, Valentin V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently in arXiv:0705.0303 Alday and Maldacena gave a string theory prescription for computing (all) planar amplitudes in N=4 supersymmetric gauge theory at strong coupling using the AdS/CFT correspondence. These amplitudes are determined by a classical string solution and contain a universal exponential factor involving the action of the classical string. On the gauge theory side, expressions for perturbative amplitudes at strong coupling were previously proposed only for specific helicities of external particles -- the maximally helicity violating or MHV amplitudes. These follow from the exponential ansatz of Bern, Dixon and Smirnov for MHV amplitudes in N=4 SYM. In this paper we examine the amplitudes dependence on helicities and particle-types of external states. We consider the prefactor of string amplitudes and give arguments suggesting that the prefactor at strong coupling should be the same as the Yang-Mills tree-level amplitude for the same process. This implies that scattering amplitudes in N=4 SYM simplify dramatically in the strong coupling limit. It follows from our proposal that in this limit all (MHV and non-MHV) n-point amplitudes are given by the (known) tree-level Yang-Mills result times the helicity-independent (and particle-type-independent) universal exponential.
description: V3 extended version to appear in JHEP, new figures, clarifications and references added. 8 pages and 5 figs
Study of annealing and orientation effects on physical properties of PLA based nanocomposite films
Creators: name: Cammarano, Sara
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: PLA-sepiolite and PLA-halloysite nanocomposites prepared by melt blending were systematically characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and barrier properties.
Annealing and unidirectional stretching techniques were used with the aim to improve matrix performances of nanocomposite based films; a preliminary study on the production of PLA-halloysite composites via film blowing has been also considered.
Addition of unmodified clays did not significantly alter PLA properties mainly because of the lack of an adequate filler-matrix interface due to the absence of compatibilizer between polymer and reinforcements that limited clays effect as nucleating agents.
Instead matrix crystallinity, mechanical and barrier properties resulted to be strongly affected by physical aging and orientation. Annealing and orientation are reported to be dominant over clay addition: only slight variations are reported to occur in presence of clay after these treatments.
Fiber-like clays application in unidirectional orientation process led to important improvements in samples properties.
Good results were obtained especially after unidirectional stretching: increased crystallinity, improved mechanical properties and reduced water absorption were achieved in presence of only 0.5%-wt of sepiolite. Further investigation will take place to systematically study the effect of different stretching conditions on PLA-sepiolite samples.
Effects of spin-lattice coupling and a magnetic field in classical Heisenberg antiferromagnets on the breathing pyrochlore lattice
Creators: name: Aoyama, Kazushi
name: Gen, Masaki
name: Kawamura, Hikaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate spin-lattice coupling (SLC) effects on the in-field ordering properties of classical Heisenberg antiferromagnets on the breathing pyrochlore lattice. Here, we use the two possible simplified models describing the effect of local lattice distortions on the spin ordering via the SLC, the bond-phonon and site-phonon models. It is found by means of Monte Carlo simulations that in both models, the $\frac{1}{2}$ plateau shows up in the magnetization curve being relatively robust against the breathing bond-alternation, although magnetic long-range orders (LRO's) are realized only in the site-phonon model. In the bond-phonon model, additional further neighbor interactions are necessary to induce a magnetic LRO. In the site-phonon model, it is also found that in addition to the low-field, middle-field 1/2-plateau, and high-field phases appearing on both the uniform and breathing pyrochlore lattices, various types of unconventional phases which can be viewed as LRO's in units of tetrahedron are induced by the breathing bond-alternation just below the 1/2 plateau and the saturation field. The occurrence of these tetrahedron-based orders could be attributed to the nature characteristic of the breathing pyrochlore lattice, i.e., the existence of the nonequivalent small and large tetrahedra. Experimental implications of our result are also discussed.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Transport Properties of a spinon Fermi surface coupled to a U(1) gauge field
Creators: name: Nave, Cody P.
name: Lee, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the organic compound $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$-Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$ in mind, we consider a spin liquid system where a spinon Fermi surface is coupled to a U(1) gauge field. Using the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we derive the Quantum Boltzmann Equation (QBE) for this system. In this system, however, one cannot a priori assume the existence of Landau quasiparticles. We show that even without this assumption one can still derive a linearized equation for a generalized distribution function. We show that the divergence of the effective mass and of the finite temperature self-energy do not enter these transport coefficients and thus they are well-defined. Moreover, using a variational method, we calculate the temperature dependence of the spin resistivity and thermal conductivity of this system.
description: 12 pages
More Similar Values, More Trust? -- the Effect of Value Similarity on Trust in Human-Agent Interaction
Creators: name: Mehrotra, Siddharth
name: Jonker, Catholijn M.
name: Tielman, Myrthe L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As AI systems are increasingly involved in decision making, it also becomes important that they elicit appropriate levels of trust from their users. To achieve this, it is first important to understand which factors influence trust in AI. We identify that a research gap exists regarding the role of personal values in trust in AI. Therefore, this paper studies how human and agent Value Similarity (VS) influences a human's trust in that agent. To explore this, 89 participants teamed up with five different agents, which were designed with varying levels of value similarity to that of the participants. In a within-subjects, scenario-based experiment, agents gave suggestions on what to do when entering the building to save a hostage. We analyzed the agent's scores on subjective value similarity, trust and qualitative data from open-ended questions. Our results show that agents rated as having more similar values also scored higher on trust, indicating a positive effect between the two. With this result, we add to the existing understanding of human-agent trust by providing insight into the role of value-similarity.
description: 4th AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society
Tunneling-induced damping of phase coherence revivals in deep optical lattices
Creators: name: Fischer, Uwe R.
name: Schützhold, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider phase coherence collapse and revival in deep optical lattices, and calculate within the Bose-Hubbard model the revival amplitude damping incurred by a finite tunneling coupling of the lattice wells (after sweeping from the superfluid to the Mott phase). Deriving scaling laws for the corresponding decay of first-order coherence revival in terms of filling factor, final lattice depth, and number of tunneling coupling partners, we estimate whether revival-damping related to tunneling between sites can be or even has already been observed in experiment.
description: 4+epsilon pages of RevTex4; Rapid Communication in Physical Review A
$πN$ and $ππN$ Couplings of the $Δ(1232)$ and its Chiral Partners
Creators: name: Nagata, K.
name: Hosaka, A.
name: Dmitrasinovic, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interactions and chiral properties of the four spin-$\thalf$-baryons : $N^-(D_{13})$, $N^+(P_{13})$, $Δ^+(P_{33})$ and $Δ^-(D_{33})$ together with the nucleon. We construct the $SU(2)_R \times SU(2)_L$ invariant interactions between the spin-$\half$ and -$\thalf$ baryons with the aid of a new, specially developed spin and isospin projection technique for these baryon fields, where the chiral invariant interactions contain one- and two-pion couplings. We obtain simple relations for the coupling constants of the one- and two-pion spin $\half-\thalf$ transitions terms. The relation for the one-pion interactions reasonably agrees with the experiments, which suggests that these spin-$\thalf$ baryons are chiral partners.
Additional file 1 of Population-based estimates of age-specific cumulative risk of breast cancer for pathogenic variants in ATM
Creators: name: Renault, Anne-Laure
name: Dowty, James G.
name: Steen, Jason A.
name: Li, Shuai
name: Winship, Ingrid M.
name: Giles, Graham G.
name: Hopper, John L.
name: Southey, Melissa C.
name: Nguyen-Dumont, Tú
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1 Overview of study workflow.
Characterizing star formation activity in infrared dark cloud MSXDC G048.65-00.29
Creators: name: van der Wiel, Matthijs H. D.
name: Shipman, Russell F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs), condensed regions of the ISM with high column densities, low temperatures and high masses, are suspected sites of star formation. Thousands of IRDCs have already been identified. To date, it has not been resolved whether IRDCs always show star formation activity and, if so, if massive star formation (> 8 solar masses) is the rule or the exception in IRDCs. Previous analysis of sub-millimeter cores in the cloud MSXDC G048.65-00.29 (G48.65) indicates embedded star formation activity. To characterize this activity in detail, mid-infrared photometry (3-30 micron) has been obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. This paper analyzes the point sources seen in the 24 micron band, combined with counterparts or upper limits at shorter and longer wavelengths. Data points in wavelength bands ranging from 1 up to 850 micron are used to compare each 24 micron source to a set of Spectral Energy Distributions of Young Stellar Object (YSO) models. By assessing the models that fit the data, an attempt is made to identify YSOs as such and determine their evolutionary stages and stellar masses. A total of 17 sources are investigated, 13 of which are classified as YSOs, primarily - but not exclusively - in an early embedded phase of star formation. The modeled masses of the central stellar objects range from sub-solar to ~8 solar masses. Every YSO is at less than 1 pc projected distance from its nearest YSO neighbor. We conclude that IRDC G48.65 is a region of active star formation. We find YSOs in various evolutionary phases, indicating that the star formation in this cloud is not an instantaneous process. The inferred masses of the central objects suggest that this IRDC hosts only low to intermediate mass YSOs and none with masses exceeding ~8 solar masses.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor editorial changes to match published version
Infrared phonon spectroscopy on the Cairo pentagonal antiferromagnet Bi2Fe4O9: a study through the pressure induced structural transition
Creators: name: Verseils, M.
name: Litvinchuk, A. P.
name: Brubach, J-B
name: Roy, P.
name: Beauvois, K.
name: Ressouche, E.
name: Skumryev, V.
name: Gospodinov, M.
name: Simonet, V.
name: deBrion, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic and crystallographic transitions in the Cairo pentagonal magnet Bi2Fe4O9 are investigated by means of infrared synchrotron-based spectroscopy as a function of temperature (20 - 300 K) and pressure (0 - 15.5 GPa). One of the phonon modes is shown to exhibit an anomalous softening as a function of temperature in the antiferromagnetic phase below 240 K, highlighting spin-lattice coupling. Moreover, under applied pressure at 40 K, an even larger softening is observed through the pressure induced structural transition. Lattice dynamical calculations reveal that this mode is indeed very peculiar as it involves a minimal bending of the strongest superexchange path in the pentagonal planes, as well as a decrease of the distances between second neighbor irons. The latter confirms the hypothesis made by Friedrich et al.,1 about an increase in the oxygen coordination of irons being at the origin of the pressure-induced structural transition. As a consequence, one expects a new magnetic superexchange path that may alter the magnetic structure under pressure.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables
Abell 43: Longest period Planetary Nebula Nucleus variable
Creators: name: Solheim, J. -E.
name: Vauclair, G.
name: Mukadam, A. S.
name: Janulis, R.
name: Dobrovolskas, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on 24h high speed photometry of the hybrid PG 1159 star Abell 43, we have detected 6 sighificant pulsations with periods between 2380 s and 6075 s. A short (4h) run on the almost spectroscopic twin NGC 7094 central star resulted in detection of 3 low amplitude pulsations with periods between 2000 s and 5000 s. The results are close to predictions for g-mode pulsations driven by the kappa-mechanism induced by the partial ionization of carbon and oxygen.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Galaxy Cluster Weak Lensing: Simulation and Detection
Creators: name: Huang, Zhuoyi
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: We investigated the detection of galaxy clusters with their weak gravitational lensing effect. Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound systems in the Universe, and their abundance and evolution provide important information about the structure formation in the cosmological context. Weak gravitational lensing makes use of the distortion of the background galaxy images to probe the matter distribution of the clusters. In this work, we present three methods for the weak lensing study of galaxies clusters. We first developed a program ExAM, which automatically and efficiently masks image defects contaminating the shape measurement of galaxies. The output of the program can be used to remove the problematic detections of galaxy in the image. We then present a catalog-space simulation of cluster weak lensing, Shuff, featuring the configurable intrinsic properties of galaxies, multiple triaxial cluster halos as lenses, and realizations of cosmological density perturbation field as a source of shear noise. It takes a catalog of unlensed galaxies, applies the multiple lens plane lensing effects, and outputs a lensed galaxies catalog, which can either be used to produce image of galaxies for the shape measurement calibration, or be taken as the input of cluster detection based on the galaxy ellipticities. We also developed a program for cluster detection, LensFilter, implementing the optimal filtering techniques suggested by Maturi et.al. (2004). We generalize the techniques for detection of specific clusters with configurable galaxies redshift distribution and noise properties. The filtering detection is first applied to the Shuff simulation, for an investigation of limit of cluster detection with weak lensing, and further applied to the CFHTLS data with comparison to cluster detection from X-ray observations.
title: Forschungsbericht 2007
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Bibliothek
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Sehr geehrte Leserinnen und Leser unseres Forschungsberichts, die Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH) freut sich, Ihnen auf den folgenden Seiten eine Übersicht der Forschungsinhalte und -leistungen unserer Abteilungen geben zu können. Das vergangene Jahr stand im Zeichen des Aufbruchs der MHH in eine neue Dimension der Forschungsaktivitäten. Das Cluster für Regenerative Medizin (REBIRTH) und die Graduiertenschule Hannover Biomedical Research School (HBRS), beide im Exzellenzprogramm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) gefördert, vollendeten ihr erstes Lebensjahr. Hinzu gesellten sich ein neuer Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) zu Innovativen Transplantaten (SFB738), der SFB-Transregio 37 zu Mikro- und Nanosystemen in der Medizin sowie der in die abschließende Förderperiode verlängerte und dabei inhaltlich umfassend aktualisierte Zytokin-SFB (SFB566) und –last but not least- unsere erfolgreiche Bewerbung um die Einrichtung eines Integrierten Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrums für Transplantationsmedizin (IFB-Tx) durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). Diese Highlights wurden kräftig unterfüttert durch zahlreiche bemerkenswerte Erfolge in anderen, bereits länger existierenden Programmen und Einzelförderungen durch die DFG, das BMBF, die für unsere wissenschaftliche Landschaft so wichtigen privaten Stiftungen und industrielle Partner. Ihnen allen und natürlich auch den Steuerzahlern des Landes Niedersachsens gilt unser Dank. Wir danken auch den zahlreichen, oftmals anonymen Gutachtern unserer Projektanträge und Publikationen, die uns bei der Qualitätssicherung unserer Forschungsleistungen große Dienste leisten. Ohne die Unterstützung der Förderer und Gutachter könnten wir nicht den Boden bereiten für das, was unsere Hochschule so unverkennbar auszeichnet: die spannende Synthese innovativer Forschung mit bestmöglicher Krankenversorgung und problemorientierter Ausbildung und Lehre. Die MHH stellt sich somit dem internationalen Wettbewerb um die besten Köpfe und Ideen, um die Forschung für den Menschen Schritt für Schritt voran zu bringen. Apropos Köpfe und Ideen: auf der Titelseite finden Sie die neuroradiologische Darstellung wichtiger Nervenbahnen, die sicher auch bei allen Beteiligten des Forschungsberichts in voller Aktion waren.
description: Forschungsbericht der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
Fractal scale-free networks resistant to disease spread
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongzhi
name: Zhou, Shuigeng
name: Tao, Zou
name: Chen, Guisheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to the conventional wisdom that scale-free networks are prone to epidemic propagation, in the paper we present that disease spreading is inhibited in fractal scale-free networks. We first propose a novel network model and show that it simultaneously has the following rich topological properties: scale-free degree distribution, tunable clustering coefficient, "large-world" behavior, and fractal scaling. Existing network models do not display these characteristics. Then, we investigate the susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model of the propagation of diseases in our fractal scale-free networks by mapping it to bond percolation process. We find an existence of nonzero tunable epidemic thresholds by making use of the renormalization group technique, which implies that power-law degree distribution does not suffice to characterize the epidemic dynamics on top of scale-free networks. We argue that the epidemic dynamics are determined by the topological properties, especially the fractality and its accompanying "large-world" behavior.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
High sensitivity characterization of an ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator with the SABRE proof-of-principle detector
Creators: name: Calaprice, F.
name: Copello, S.
name: Dafinei, I.
name: D'Angelo, D.
name: D'Imperio, G.
name: Di Carlo, G.
name: Diemoz, M.
name: Di Giacinto, A.
name: Di Ludovico, A.
name: Ianni, A.
name: Iannone, M.
name: Marchegiani, F.
name: Mariani, A.
name: Milana, S.
name: Nisi, S.
name: Nuti, F.
name: Orlandi, D.
name: Pettinacci, V.
name: Pietrofaccia, L.
name: Rahatlou, S.
name: Souza, M.
name: Suerfu, B.
name: Tomei, C.
name: Vignoli, C.
name: Wada, M.
name: Zani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new results on the radiopurity of a 3.4-kg NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator operated in the SABRE proof-of-principle detector setup. The amount of potassium contamination, determined by the direct counting of radioactive $^{40}$K, is found to be $2.2\pm1.5$ ppb, lowest ever achieved for NaI(Tl) crystals. With the active veto, the average background rate in the crystal in the 1-6 keV energy region-of-interest (ROI) is $1.20\pm0.05$ counts/day/kg/keV, which is a breakthrough since the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. Our background model indicates that the rate is dominated by $^{210}$Pb and that about half of this contamination is located in the PTFE reflector. We discuss ongoing developments of the crystal manufacture aimed at the further reduction of the background, including data from purification by zone refining. A projected background rate lower than $\sim$0.2 counts/day/kg/keV in the ROI is within reach. These results represent a benchmark for the development of next-generation NaI(Tl) detector arrays for the direct detection of dark matter particles.
Intriguing electron correlation effects in the photoionization of metallic quantum--dot nanorings
Creators: name: Baldea, Ioan
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
name: Schirmer, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report detailed results on ionization in metallic quantum--dot (QD) nanorings described by the extended Hubbard model at half filling obtained by exact numerical diagonalization. In spite of very strong electron correlations, the ionization spectra are astonishingly scarce. We attribute this scarcity to a hidden quasi--symmetry, generalizing thereby similar results on optical absorption recently reported [I. Baldea and L. S. Cederbaum, \prb {\bf 75}, 125323 (2007); {\bf 77}, 165339 (2008)]. Numerical results indicate that this hidden quasi--symmetry of the extended Hubbard model does not evolve into a true (hidden) symmetry but remains a quasi--symmetry in the case of the restricted Hubbard model as well. Based on the observation on the number of significant ionization signals per each spatial symmetry, we claim the existence of a one--to--one map between the relevant ionization signals of the correlated half-filled nanorings and the one-hole and two-hole--one-particle processes possible in the noninteracting case. Similar to the case of optical absorption, numerous avoided crossings (anticrossings) are present in the ionization spectra, which often involve more than two states. The present results demonstrate that ionization could be a useful tool to study electron correlations in metallic QD--nanoarrays, providing information that is complementary to optical absorption.
First order phase transitions in classical lattice gas spin models
Creators: name: Chamati, H
name: Romano, S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present paper considers some classical ferromagnetic lattice--gas models, consisting of particles that carry $n$--component spins ($n=2,3$) and associated with a $D$--dimensional lattice ($D=2,3$); each site can host one particle at most, thus implicitly allowing for hard--core repulsion; the pair interaction, restricted to nearest neighbors, is ferromagnetic, and site occupation is also controlled by the chemical potential $μ$. The models had previously been investigated by Mean Field and Two--Site Cluster treatments (when D=3), as well as Grand--Canonical Monte Carlo simulation in the case $μ=0$, for both D=2 and D=3; the obtained results showed the same kind of critical behaviour as the one known for their saturated lattice counterparts, corresponding to one particle per site. Here we addressed by Grand--Canonical Monte Carlo simulation the case where the chemical potential is negative and sufficiently large in magnitude; the value $μ=-D/2$ was chosen for each of the four previously investigated counterparts, together with $μ=-3D/4$ in an additional instance. We mostly found evidence of first order transitions, both for D=2 and D=3, and quantitatively characterized their behaviour. Comparisons are also made with recent experimental results.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Semi-classical description of electron dynamics in extended systems under intense laser fields
Creators: name: Tani, Mizuki
name: Otobe, Tomohito
name: Shinohara, Yasushi
name: Ishikawa, Kenichi L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a semi-classical approach based on the Vlasov equation to describe the time-dependent electronic dynamics in a bulk simple metal under an ultrashort intense laser pulse. We include in the effective potential not only the ionic Coulomb potential and mean-field electronic Coulomb potential from the one-body electron distribution but also the exchange-correlation potential within the local density approximation (LDA). The initial ground state is obtained by the Thomas-Fermi model. To numerically solve the Vlasov equation, we extend the pseudo-particle method, previously used for nuclei and atomic clusters, to solids, taking the periodic boundary condition into account. We apply the present implementation to a bulk aluminum (FCC) conventional unit cell irradiated with a short laser pulse. The optical conductivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and reflectivity as well as energy absorption calculated with the Vlasov-LDA method are in excellent agreement with the results by the time-dependent density functional theory and experimental references.
description: 8 figures
Generation of quantum-dot cluster states with superconducting transmission line resonator
Creators: name: Lin, Zhi-Rong
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
name: Tu, Tao
name: Zhu, Fei-Yun
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an efficient method to generate cluster states in spatially separated double quantum dots with a superconducting transmission line resonator (TLR). When the detuning between the double-dot qubits transition frequency and the frequency of the full wave mode in the TLR satisfies some conditions, an Ising-like operator between arbitrary two separated qubits can be achieved. Even including the main noise sources, it's shown that the high fidelity cluster states could be generated in this solid system in just one step.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Magic mixing angles for doubly heavy baryons
Creators: name: Matsuki, Takayuki
name: Chen, Dian-Yong
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Lü, Qi-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the so-called magic mixing angles for doubly heavy baryons. Defining that a magic mixing angle rotates states with definite $^{2S+1}(l_λ)_J$ to make them heavy-quark symmetric states, we derive the magic mixing angle only in the case $L_ρ=0$ between the heavy quark symmetric states with quantum numbers $\left(J, j_\ell\right)$ and the states with $\left(J, s_q+j_ρ\right)=\left(J, \{^4l_λ/^2l_λ\}\right)$ for a doubly heavy baryon in the standard $ρ-λ$ configuration, where $\vec j_\ell=\vec l_λ+\vec s_q$, $\vec s_ρ=\vec s_{Q1}+\vec s_{Q2}$, and $\vec j_ρ=\vec s_ρ+\vec L_ρ$. We discuss how this mixing angle affects model building for a doubly heavy baryon.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Advancing Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management: Biological Reference Points for Nutritional Status of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)
Creators: name: Haus, William
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fisheries and aquatic sciences
subject: Environmental management
subject: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
subject: Condition
subject: Striped bass
subject: Temperature

description: Nutritional condition is a valuable metric in ecosystem-based fisheries management. However, the need for lethal sampling for the most accurate indicators ethically and logistically limits sample sizes. Percent moisture has been recommended for management of striped bass Morone saxatilis and a management threshold has been suggested. Past researchers have used bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to non-lethally estimate percent dry weight, the inverse of percent moisture. We sought to develop species-specific BIA models for striped bass in a controlled, laboratory setting and later validate those models with independent, field-collected data. BIA models were developed for five size classes and sampled across three temperatures. Results in the lab suggest BIA is an accurate and robust method for estimating percent dry weight in striped bass. However, when implemented in field surveys results are less conclusive. Possible differences between wild and hatchery-reared striped bass that effect BIA need further exploration. Additionally, the effects of salinity and stress response on BIA warrant further work.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESIDENT- BASED MOSQUITO CONTROL THROUGH CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR ALONG A SOCIOECONOMIC GRADIENT
Creators: name: Bodner, Danielle Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Aedes albopictus
subject: Integrated Mosquito Management
subject: KAP questionnaires
subject: passive education
subject: source reduction

description: Controlling mosquito abundances in urban landscapes requires management of water-holding containers by residents. We tested the hypothesis that print materials reduce human exposure to mosquitoes through improved resident knowledge and behaviors across urban landscapes. Households that varied in socio-economic status were administered knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys in 2010 and 2012, and had their yards surveyed for container habitats in 2010, 2011, and 2012. Half of the households received education materials in 2011 and 2012. During the summer of 2013, larval and adult abundances were measured across four socioeconomically-diverse neighborhoods in Baltimore, MD. Our education intervention was insufficient to motivate residents to reduce containers. Source reduction was predicted by improvements in knowledge and education intervention. Overall adult abundances were heterogeneous across neighborhoods, and adult Aedes albopictus abundances were predicted by the infested container index. Future research needs to examine socio-ecological processes that may differentially affect immature vs. adult habitats.
The Merging of Commercial Film and Public Health: The Development and Evaluation of a Found Footage Anti-Texting and Driving PSA
Creators: name: Watters, Samantha
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Higher education
subject: Mass communication
subject: film studies
subject: found footage
subject: health communication
subject: media campaigns
subject: PSA
subject: texting and driving

description: While progress is being made to improve risky driving behaviors, texting and driving is a growing concern for young drivers.  Youth are susceptible to film and media influence, and fear appeals are often used in PSAs to discourage risky driving. Found footage filmmaking is common in horror films and is credited with adding to dread and audience connection.  This study sought to determine the effectiveness of an anti-texting and driving found footage style PSA on college students.  Two PSAs were tested (n=428) using a randomized control pre-posttest study.  No significant differences were found between the found footage and external perspective style PSAs.  However, the PSAs significantly affected behavioral intent and fear arousal.  Qualitative data suggested that quality and realism needed improvement, and that participants viewed both PSAs as potential found footage.  More research is needed to determine how found footage and film tactics like these can influence health behaviors.
Radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations with massive Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Inarrea, Jesus
name: Platero, Gloria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a theoretical study on the rise of radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in two-dimensional systems of massive Dirac fermions. We study the bilayer system of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN/graphene) and the trilayer system of hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated graphene (h-BN/graphene/h-BN). We extend the radiation-driven electron orbit model that was previously devised to study the same oscillations in two-dimensional systems of Schrödinger electrons (GaAs/AlGaAS heterostructure) to the case of massive Dirac fermions. In the simulations we obtain clear oscillations for radiation frequencies in the terahertz and far-infrared bands. %which contrasts with the two-dimensional Schrodinger electrons case, %that are mainly sensitive to microwave frequencies. We investigate also the power and temperatures dependence. For the former we obtain similar results as for Schrödinger electrons and predict the rise of zero resistance states. For the latter we obtain a similar qualitatively dependence but quantitatively different when increasing temperature. While in GaAs the oscillations are wiped out in a few degrees, interestingly enough, for massive Dirac fermions, we obtain observable oscillations for temperatures above $100$ K and even at room temperature for the higher frequencies used in the simulations.
description: 8 pages and 6 figures
Consistently Solving the Simplicity Constraints for Spinfoam Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Livine, Etera R.
name: Speziale, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an independent derivation of the Engle-Pereira-Rovelli spinfoam model for quantum gravity which recently appeared in [arXiv:0705.2388]. Using the coherent state techniques introduced earlier in [arXiv:0705.0674], we show that the EPR model realizes a consistent imposition of the simplicity constraints implementing general relativity from a topological BF theory.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, v2: typos corrected
Gauge approach to the specific heat in the normal state of cuprates
Creators: name: Marchetti, P. A.
name: Ambrosetti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many experimental features of the electronic specific heat and entropy of high Tc cuprates in the normal state, including the nontrivial temperature dependence of the specific heat coefficient and negative intercept of the extrapolated entropy to T=0 for underdoped cuprates, are reproduced using the spin-charge gauge approach to the t-J model. The entropy turns out to be basically due to fermionic excitations, but with a temperature dependence of the specific heat coefficient controlled by fluctuations of a gauge field coupling them to gapful bosonic excitations. In particular the negative intercept of the extrapolated entropy at T=0 in the pseudogap ``phase'' is attributed to the scalar component of the gauge field, which implements the local no-double occupancy constraint.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Inpatient Mortality in Emergency Care: Is Competition Always Good?
Creators: name: Kwok, Veronica
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health care management
subject: Competition
subject: Emergency care
subject: Hospital Referral Region
subject: Hospital system
subject: Maryland All Payer Model
subject: Sudden critical illness

description: The objective of this study was to measure the association between regional competition and emergency care outcomes.  Competition was measured using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index for three hospital referral regions in Maryland.  Preliminary regression analysis using a logistic binary model showed that higher competition was associated with lower odds of mortality. Further investigation suggested that competition could be endogenous.  Further regression analysis using an instrumental variable of hospital system affiliation and two-stage least squares estimation showed that lower competition was associated with lower odds of mortality for sepsis and trauma (OR = 0.7, p-value <0.001, OR = 0.5, p-value <0.001, respectively).  Future investigation perhaps on a national level could help identify a stronger, more uniform association between competition and emergency care outcomes including large scale events, and as such provide policy guidance for quality of emergency care.
Advances in HVDC Bushing Using Nonlinear Materials: Theory, Materials, Structure, and Realization (Slides)
Creators: Zhikang Yuan
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Bushings are the key equipment in a high voltage direct current (HVDC) project. During this webinar, we will illustrate the theory of electric field adaptive grading in high voltage equipment by using nonlinear materials at first. Then, the nonlinear material, ZnO microvaristors-based composites, adopted in the HVDC bushing is introduced. The source and the adjusting methods for the nonlinear conductivity of the composite have also been discussed. Thirdly, the structure and the electric field distribution in the traditional bushing and the bushing with electric field adaptive grading structure are compared to highlight the advantages of the electric field adaptive grading structure. At last, the prototypes of a �100 kV transformer bushing and a �200 kV wall bushing are presented.
Bushings are the key equipment in a high voltage direct current (HVDC) project. During this webinar, we will illustrate the theory of electric field adaptive grading in high voltage equipment by using nonlinear materials at first. Then, the nonlinear material, ZnO microvaristors-based composites, adopted in the HVDC bushing is introduced. The source and the adjusting methods for the nonlinear conductivity of the composite have also been discussed. Thirdly, the structure and the electric field distribution in the traditional bushing and the bushing with electric field adaptive grading structure are compared to highlight the advantages of the electric field adaptive grading structure. At last, the prototypes of a ±100 kV transformer bushing and a ±200 kV wall bushing are presented.
La figura del libro in Die unendliche Geschichte di Michael Ende: da finestra a varco
Creators: name: Di Cesare, Elena
Publisher: name: Università degli  Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: Jugendliteratur; Michael Ende; Die unendliche Geschichte; Phantasien; La storia infinita

description: The book is an object which can be considered as a window in the novel Die unendliche Geschichte (1979) written by Michael Ende. It allows Bastian to look at the world of Phantasien and to communicate indirectly with the Childlike Empress. Furthermore, this object will show its function as an symbol of evolution, which will enable the passage of the protagonist into the world of Phantasien: first the book appears as a window, then it becomes a two-way-mirror that allows Bastian and Atreju to look at each other, and finally it turns into a gate which enables them to live many adventures together.

Die unendliche Geschichte can be considered as a modern Bildungsroman in which the young protagonist gradually reaches his maturation. This progress must be seen in a psychological perspective: it is the growth of a child-mind through literature which makes reference to the German novel tradition but also (as children’s literature) to the world of unconsciousness.
description: Altre Modernità, 2015: NUMERO SPECIALE Finestre: sguardi e riflessi, trasparenze e opacità