cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SAT modulo monotonic theories
Creators: name: Bayless, Sam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers are a class of efficient constraint solvers which form integral parts of many algorithms. Over the years, dozens of different Satisfiability Modulo Theories solvers have been developed, supporting dozens of different logics. However, there are still many important applications for which specialized SMT solvers have not yet been developed. We develop a framework for easily building efficient SMT solvers for previously unsupported logics. Our techniques apply to a wide class of logics which we call monotonic theories, which include many important elements of graph theory and automata theory. Using this SAT Modulo Monotonic Theories framework, we created a new SMT solver, MonoSAT. We demonstrate that MonoSAT improves the state of the art across a wide body of applications, ranging from circuit layout and data center management to protocol synthesis - and even to video game design.
On the thermodynamics of Lifshitz black holes
Creators: name: Devecioglu, Deniz Olgu
name: Sarioglu, Ozgur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the recently extended conserved Killing charge definition of Abbott-Deser-Tekin formalism to compute, for the first time, the energies of analytic Lifshitz black holes in higher dimensions. We then calculate the temperature and the entropy of this large family of solutions, and study and discuss the first law of black hole thermodynamics. Along the way we also identify the possible critical points of the relevant quadratic curvature gravity theories. Separately, we also apply the generalized Killing charge definition to compute the energy and the angular momentum of the warped AdS_3 black hole solution of the three-dimensional New Massive Gravity theory.
description: 16 pages, no figures, 1 table; ver 2: 2 new references added; ver 3: revision of the discussion on the obtained results, new references added, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Preclinical evaluation of somatostatin analogues for breast cancer imaging using positron emission tomography.
Creators: name: Dude, Iulia Gabriela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Somatostatin receptors (sstrs) are G-protein coupled receptors that modulate hormone secretions. Their overexpression on neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) has enabled successful imaging of these cancers with radioactive peptides using positron emission tomography. Luminal A breast cancers also overexpress sstr, but with a lower and more heterogeneous density than NETs. Recently, several authors demonstrated higher tumour binding with sstr antagonists compared to agonists. Antagonists are hypothesized to bind to target receptors in multiple configurations, thus labeling more binding sites than high-affinity agonists. This property could result in better visualization of tumours with lower sstr density, such as breast cancers. We hypothesized that the somatostatin agonist peptides TOC and TATE and antagonist peptide JR11 could be radiolabeled with ⁶⁸Ga and ¹⁸F, and that antagonist radiotracers will show higher tumour uptake when evaluated in vivo using the human breast cancer xenograft ZR-75-1. We synthesized the literature compounds ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC, ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE and antagonist ⁶⁸Ga-NODAGA-JR11 and evaluated binding affinity and tumour uptake. The agonist ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC had the highest tumour uptake (18.4 ± 2.87 %ID/g), and the antagonist ⁶⁸Ga-NODAGA-JR11, the lowest (12.1 ± 0.78 %ID/g). We radiolabeled the same peptide analogues with ¹⁸F using the easy and robust AmBF₃ method. ¹⁸F is an excellent isotope for peptide radiolabeling, having low positron energy (634 keV), a half-life well-matched to peptide kinetics (110 min), and an established cyclotron production method. We synthesized the compounds ¹⁸F-AmBF₃-TOC, ¹⁸F-AmBF3-TATE and ¹⁸F-AmBF3-JR11 and found that all were kinetically stable (determined by in vivo plasma stability studies) and successfully visualized the tumour with high intensity and contrast at both 1 hour and 2 hours post-injection (p.i.). At 1 h p.i. uptake means were between 10.0 – 13.4 %ID/g for all three radiotracers, and differences were not statistically significant. Imaging with ¹⁸F- and ⁶⁸Ga-labeled JR11 antagonists did not confer any additional advantages compared to agonists in this tumour model. However, the high tumour uptake of both ⁶⁸Ga- and ¹⁸F-labeled antagonists is striking, despite their significantly poorer binding affinity (inhibition contrast (Ki) > 18 nM) compared to agonist (Ki < 1.5 nM). With modifications to improve affinity, antagonist somatostatin analogues may be very promising for breast cancer visualization.
On the value distribution and moments of the Epstein zeta function to the right of the critical strip
Creators: name: Södergren, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11E45, 11M41

description: We study the Epstein zeta function $E_n(L,s)$ for $s>\frac{n}{2}$ and determine for fixed $c>\frac{1}{2}$ the value distribution and moments of $E_n(\cdot,cn)$ (suitably normalized) as $n\to\infty$. We further discuss the random function $c\mapsto E_n(\cdot,cn)$ for $c\in[A,B]$ with $\frac{1}{2}
description: 30 pages; revised statement of Proposition 2.1
Suppression of finite-size effects in one-dimensional correlated systems
Creators: name: Gendiar, A.
name: Daniska, M.
name: Lee, Y.
name: Nishino, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of a non-uniform deformation applied to one-dimensional (1D) quantum systems, where the local energy scale is proportional to $g_j = [\sin (j π/ N)]^m$ determined by a positive integer $m$, site index $1 \leq j \leq N-1$, and the system size N. This deformation introduces a smooth boundary to systems with open boundary conditions. When $m \geq 2$, the leading $1/N$ correction to the ground state energy per bond $e_0^{(N)}$ vanishes and one is left with a $1/N^2$ correction, the same as with periodic boundary conditions. In particular, when $m = 2$, the value of $e_0^{(N)}$ obtained from the deformed open-boundary system coincides with the uniform system with periodic boundary conditions. We confirm the fact numerically for correlated systems, such as the extended Hubbard model, in addition to 1D free-Fermion models.
description: 7 pages, 12 figures
Possible Capture of keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter on Radioactive beta-decaying Nuclei
Creators: name: Li, Y. F.
name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exists an observed "desert" spanning six orders of magnitude between O(0.5) eV and O(0.5) MeV in the fermion mass spectrum. We argue that it might accommodate one or more keV sterile neutrinos as a natural candidate for warm dark matter. To illustrate this point of view, we simply assume that there is one keV sterile neutrino nu_4 and its flavor eigenstate nu_s weakly mixes with three active neutrinos. We clarify different active-sterile neutrino mixing factors for the radiative decay of nu_4 and beta decays in a self-consistent parametrization. A direct detection of this keV sterile neutrino dark matter in the laboratory is in principle possible since the nu_4 component of nu_e can leave a distinct imprint on the electron energy spectrum when it is captured on radioactive beta-decaying nuclei. We carry out an analysis of its signatures in the capture reactions nu_e + ^{3}H \to ^{3}He + e^- and nu_e + ^{106}Ru \to ^{106}Rh + e^- against the beta-decay backgrounds, and conclude that this experimental approach might not be hopeless in the long run.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, more discussions and references added. To appear in PLB
ผลการใช้โปรแกรมลดการตีตราและการเลือกปฏิบัติกับผู้ติดเชื้อเอชไอวีในโรงพยาบาลอากาศอำนวย จังหวัดสกลนคร ปี พ.ศ. 2562
Creators: name: นาวา ผานะวงค์
Publisher: name: Division of AIDS&STIs
Year: 2019
Subjects: ลดการตีตราและการเลือกปฏิบัติกับผู้ติดเชื้อเอชไอวี

description: Thai AIDS Journal, 31, 3, 125-141
Permission-Based Separation Logic for Message-Passing Concurrency
Creators: name: Francalanza, Adrian
name: Rathke, Julian
name: Sassone, Vladimiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1, F.3.2, F.3.3

description: We develop local reasoning techniques for message passing concurrent programs based on ideas from separation logics and resource usage analysis. We extend processes with permission- resources and define a reduction semantics for this extended language. This provides a foundation for interpreting separation formulas for message-passing concurrency. We also define a sound proof system permitting us to infer satisfaction compositionally using local, separation-based reasoning.
description: 47 pages
ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรม การป้องกันการติดเชื้อเอชไอวี กลุ่มชายที่มีเพศสัมพันธ์กับชาย จังหวัดตรัง
Creators: name: รัตติยา สองทิศ
Publisher: name: Division of AIDS&STIs
Year: 2019
Subjects: การป้องกันการติดเชื้อเอชไอวี
ชายที่มีเพศสัมพันธ์กับชาย

description: Thai AIDS Journal, 31, 3, 142-153
Discovery of Calcium, Indium, Tin, and Platinum Isotopes
Creators: name: Amos, S.
name: Gross, J. L.
name: Thoennessen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently, twenty-four calcium, thirty-eight indium, thirty-eight tin and thirty-nine platinum isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is discussed here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.
description: to be published in At. Data Nuclear Data Tables, This updated paper combines manuscripts: 1004.4934 (Calcium), 1004.5266 (Indium), 1003.5127 (Tin), and 1006.4033 (Platinum)
Confronting the models of 3:2 quasiperiodic oscillations with the rapid spin of the microquasar GRS 1915+105
Creators: name: Torok, Gabriel
name: Kotrlova, Andrea
name: Sramkova, Eva
name: Stuchlik, Zdenek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral fitting of the spin a in the microquasar GRS 1915+105 estimate values higher than a=0.98. However, there are certain doubts about this (nearly) extremal number. Confirming a high value of a>0.9 would have significant concequences for the theory of high-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations (HF QPOs). Here we discuss its possible implications assuming several commonly used orbital models of 3:2 HF QPOs. We show that the estimate of a>0.9 is almost inconsistent with two hot-spot (relativistic precession and tidal disruption) models and the warped disc resonance model. In contrast, we demonstrate that the epicyclic resonance and discoseismic models assuming the c- and g- modes are favoured. We extend our discussion to another two microquasars that display the 3:2 HF QPOs. The frequencies of these QPOs scale roughly inversely to the microquasar masses, and the differences in the individual spins, such as a=0.9 compared to a=0.7, represent a generic problem for most of the discussed geodesic 3:2 QPO models. To explain the observations of all the three microquasars by one unique mechanism, the models would have to accommodate very large non-geodesic corrections.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; v2: corrections in the introduction, language corrections (Astronomy & Astrophysics proof-readed version)
Deficiency of Axl aggravates pulmonary arterial hypertension via BMPR2.
Creators: name: Novoyatleva, Tatyana
name: Rai, Nabham
name: Kojonazarov, Baktybek
name: Veeroju, Swathi
name: Ben-Batalla, Isabel
name: Caruso, Paola
name: Shihan, Mazen
name: Presser, Nadine
name: Götz, Elsa
name: Lepper, Carina
name: Herpel, Sebastian
name: Manaud, Grégoire
name: Perros, Frédéric
name: Gall, Henning
name: Ghofrani, Hossein Ardeschir
name: Weissmann, Norbert
name: Grimminger, Friedrich
name: Wharton, John
name: Wilkins, Martin
name: Upton, Paul D
name: Loges, Sonja
name: Morrell, Nicholas W
name: Seeger, Werner
name: Schermuly, Ralph T
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is a fatal disease characterized by a pseudo-malignant phenotype. We investigated the expression and the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in experimental (i.e., monocrotaline and Su5416/hypoxia treated rats) and clinical PAH. In vitro Axl inhibition by R428 and Axl knock-down inhibited growth factor-driven proliferation and migration of non-PAH and PAH PASMCs. Conversely, Axl overexpression conferred a growth advantage. Axl declined in PAECs of PAH patients. Axl blockage inhibited BMP9 signaling and increased PAEC apoptosis, while BMP9 induced Axl phosphorylation. Gas6 induced SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and ID1/ID2 increase were blunted by BMP signaling obstruction. Axl association with BMPR2 was facilitated by Gas6/BMP9 stimulation and diminished by R428. In vivo R428 aggravated right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, abrogated BMPR2 signaling, elevated pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis and loss. Together, Axl is a key regulator of endothelial BMPR2 signaling and potential determinant of PAH.
QCD effective charge and the structure function $F_{2}$ at small-$x$
Creators: name: Luna, E. G. S.
name: Natale, A. A.
name: Santos, A. L. dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study infrared contributions to the QCD description of the HERA data on the structure function $F_{2}$ within the \textit{generalized} DAS approximation. We argue that this approximation is a natural one and consistent with the phenomenon of dynamical mass generation in QCD. The investigation is performed at next-to-leading order by using the leading-twist expansion of $F_{2}(x,Q^{2})$ and by adopting an effective charge whose finite infrared behavior is constrained by a dynamical gluon mass. We propose one ansatz for the behavior of this effective coupling beyond leading order. The dependence of the experimental data on the infrared value of the effective charge is used in order to study the asymptotic behavior of the running gluon mass. The deep inelastic structure function $F_{2}$ obtained in this approach shows very good agreement with the experimental data.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, references and remarks added, version to appear in PLB
Efficient Bayesian inference of fully stochastic epidemiological models with applications to COVID-19.
Creators: name: Li, Yuting I
name: Turk, Günther
name: Rohrbach, Paul B
name: Pietzonka, Patrick
name: Kappler, Julian
name: Singh, Rajesh
name: Dolezal, Jakub
name: Ekeh, Timothy
name: Kikuchi, Lukas
name: Peterson, Joseph D
name: Bolitho, Austen
name: Kobayashi, Hideki
name: Cates, Michael E
name: Adhikari, R
name: Jack, Robert L
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Bayesian inference
epidemiology
Covid-19

description: Epidemiological forecasts are beset by uncertainties about the underlying epidemiological processes, and the surveillance process through which data are acquired. We present a Bayesian inference methodology that quantifies these uncertainties, for epidemics that are modelled by (possibly) non-stationary, continuous-time, Markov population processes. The efficiency of the method derives from a functional central limit theorem approximation of the likelihood, valid for large populations. We demonstrate the methodology by analysing the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, based on age-structured data for the number of deaths. This includes maximum a posteriori estimates, Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior, computation of the model evidence, and the determination of parameter sensitivities via the Fisher information matrix. Our methodology is implemented in PyRoss, an open-source platform for analysis of epidemiological compartment models.
Unusual Thermodynamics on the Fuzzy 2-Sphere
Creators: name: Digal, Sanatan
name: Padmanabhan, Pramod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher spin Dirac operators on both the continuum sphere($S^2$) and its fuzzy analog($S^2_F$) come paired with anticommuting chirality operators. A consequence of this is seen in the fermion-like spectrum of these operators which is especially true even for the case of integer-spin Dirac operators. Motivated by this feature of the spectrum of a spin 1 Dirac operator on $S_F^2$, we assume the spin 1 particles obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. This choice is inspite of the lack of a well defined spin-statistics relation on a compact surface such as $S^2$. The specific heats are computed in the cases of the spin $\frac{1}{2}$ and spin 1 Dirac operators. Remarkably the specific heat for a system of spin $\frac{1}{2}$ particles is more than that of the spin 1 case, though the number of degrees of freedom is more in the case of spin 1 particles. The reason for this is inferred through a study of the spectrums of the Dirac operators in both the cases. The zero modes of the spin 1 Dirac operator is studied as a function of the cut-off angular momentum $L$ and is found to follow a simple power law. This number is such that the number of states with positive energy for the spin 1 and spin $\frac{1}{2}$ system become comparable. Remarks are made about the spectrums of higher spin Dirac operators as well through a study of their zero-modes and the variation of their spectrum with degeneracy. The mean energy as a function of temperature is studied in both the spin $\frac{1}{2}$ and spin 1 cases. They are found to deviate from the standard ideal gas law in 2+1 dimensions.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. The paper has been significantly modified. Main results are unchanged
SU(5)-invariant decomposition of ten-dimensional Yang-Mills supersymmetry
Creators: name: Baulieu, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The N=1,d=10 superYang-Mills action is constructed in a twisted form, using SU(5)-invariant decomposition of spinors in 10 dimensions. The action and its off-shell closed twisted scalar supersymmetry operator Q derive from a Chern-Simons term. The action can be decomposed as the sum of a term in the cohomology of Q and of a term that is Q-exact. The first term is a fermionic Chern-Simons term for a twisted component of the Majorana-Weyl gluino and it is related to the second one by a twisted vector supersymmetry with 5 parameters. The cohomology of Q and some topological observables are defined from descent equations. In this SU(5)
description: 10 pages
Inheriting Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation: Questions of Legacy, Authority, and Methodology for Contemporary Developmental Attachment Researchers
Creators: name: Spies, Ruan
name: Duschinsky, Robbie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Original Research
Ainsworth
attachment theory
inheritance
legacy
methodology

description: Mary Ainsworth’s legacy continues to shape the social and developmental sciences well after her death. The Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure has, for decades, not only provided the underpinning methodology of attachment research, but also the frame of reference for theory. This has produced conditions where, as in psychoanalysis, debates about the future of the paradigm also entail a struggle to claim and negotiate the legacy of a founding figure. To date, historians have only looked at attachment research up to the 1980s. Interviews with 15 leading contemporary attachment researchers revealed Ainsworth’s importance to later research, but also laid bare the challenges of claiming her inheritance in responding to the current challenges facing this area of research.
Anomalous Hall effect in NiPt thin films
Creators: name: Golod, T.
name: Rydh, A.
name: Krasnov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Hall effect in sputtered NixPt1-x thin films with different Ni concentrations. Temperature, magnetic field and angular dependencies are analyzed and the phase diagram of NiPt thin films is obtained. It is found that films with sub-critical Ni concentration exhibit cluster-glass behavior at low temperatures with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy below the freezing temperature. Films with over-critical Ni concentration are ferromagnetic with parallel anisotropy. At the critical concentration the state of the film is strongly frustrated. Such films demonstrate canted magnetization with the easy axis rotating as a function of temperature. The magnetism appears via consecutive paramagnetic - cluster glass - ferromagnetic transitions, rather than a single second-order phase transition. But most remarkably, the extraordinary Hall effect changes sign at the critical concentration. We suggest that this is associated with a reconstruction of the electronic structure of the alloy at the normal metal - ferromagnet quantum phase transition.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures
Interaction regimes for oppositely charged plates with multivalent counterions
Creators: name: Paillusson, Fabien
name: Trizac, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a mean field treatment of the interaction between two oppositely charged plates in a salt free solution, the distance at which a transition from an attractive to a repulsive regime appears can be computed analytically. The mean field description however breaks down under strong coulombic couplings, that can be achieved at room temperature with multivalent counter-ions and highly charged surfaces. Making use of the contact theorem and simple physical arguments, we propose explicit expressions for the equation of state in several situations at short distances. The possibility of Bjerrum pair formation is addressed and is shown to have profound consequences on the interactions. To complete the picture, we finally consider the large distance limit, from which schematic phase diagrams discriminating attractive from repulsive regions can be proposed.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Cerebral Microdialysate Metabolite Monitoring using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy.
Creators: name: Alimagham, Farah C
name: Hutter, Dan
name: Marco-García, Núria
name: Gould, Emma
name: Highland, Victoria H
name: Huefner, Anna
name: Giorgi-Coll, Susan
name: Killen, Monica J
name: Zakrzewska, Agnieszka P
name: Elliott, Stephen R
name: Carpenter, Keri L H
name: Hutchinson, Peter J
name: Hutter, Tanya
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Extracellular Fluid
Humans
Glucose
Microdialysis
Spectrophotometry, Infrared
Lasers, Semiconductor

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust
description: The brains of patients suffering from traumatic brain-injury (TBI) undergo dynamic chemical changes in the days following the initial trauma. Accurate and timely monitoring of these changes is of paramount importance for improved patient outcome. Conventional brain-chemistry monitoring is performed off-line by collecting and manually transferring microdialysis samples to an enzymatic colorimetric bedside analyzer every hour, which detects and quantifies the molecules of interest. However, off-line, hourly monitoring means that any subhourly neurochemical changes, which may be detrimental to patients, go unseen and thus untreated. Mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy allows rapid, reagent-free, molecular fingerprinting of liquid samples, and can be easily integrated with microfluidics. We used mid-IR transmission spectroscopy to analyze glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, three relevant brain metabolites, in the extracellular brain fluid of two TBI patients, sampled via microdialysis. Detection limits of 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 mM were achieved for pure glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, respectively, in perfusion fluid using an external cavity-quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) system with an integrated transmission flow-cell. Microdialysates were collected hourly, then pooled (3-4 h), and measured consecutively using the standard ISCUSflex analyzer and the EC-QCL system. There was a strong correlation between the compound concentrations obtained using the conventional bedside analyzer and the acquired mid-IR absorbance spectra, where a partial-least-squares regression model was implemented to compute concentrations. This study demonstrates the potential utility of mid-IR spectroscopy for continuous, automated, reagent-free, and online monitoring of the dynamic chemical changes in TBI patients, allowing a more timely response to adverse brain metabolism and consequently improving patient outcomes.
Climatic windows for human migration out of Africa in the past 300,000 years.
Creators: name: Beyer, Robert M
name: Krapp, Mario
name: Eriksson, Anders
name: Manica, Andrea
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Animals
Hominidae
Humans
Emigration and Immigration
Genome, Human
Models, Genetic
Fossils
History, Ancient
Africa
Genetic Variation
Biological Evolution
Human Migration
DNA, Ancient

description: Whilst an African origin of modern humans is well established, the timings and routes of their expansions into Eurasia are the subject of heated debate, due to the scarcity of fossils and the lack of suitably old ancient DNA. Here, we use high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstructions to estimate how difficult it would have been for humans in terms of rainfall availability to leave the African continent in the past 300k years. We then combine these results with an anthropologically and ecologically motivated estimate of the minimum level of rainfall required by hunter-gatherers to survive, allowing us to reconstruct when, and along which geographic paths, expansions out of Africa would have been climatically feasible. The estimated timings and routes of potential contact with Eurasia are compatible with archaeological and genetic evidence of human expansions out of Africa, highlighting the key role of palaeoclimate variability for modern human dispersals.
Induction of wild-type SOD1 misfolding, aggregation and its cell-to-cell propagation
Creators: name: Pokrishevsky, Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of motor neurons that appears to spread through the neuroaxis in a spatiotemporally restricted manner. Misfolded Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has been detected in all ALS patients, despite SOD1 mutations accounting for only 2% of total cases, while the presence of inclusions containing pathological TAR-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) represent a hallmark of all non-SOD1/FUS familial ALS. We previously reported that TDP-43 and FUS can trigger misfolding of human wild-type SOD1 (HuWtSOD1) in living cells, however the mechanisms and consequences are unknown. Here, we used immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation and cell viability studies to demonstrate that TDP-43 or FUS-induced misfolded HuWtSOD1 can propagate from cell-to-cell via conditioned media, and seed cytotoxic misfolding of endogenous HuWtSOD1 in the recipient cells in a prion-like fashion. Knockdown of SOD1 using siRNA in recipient cells, or incubation of conditioned media with misfolded SOD1-specific antibodies, inhibits intercellular transmission, indicating that HuWtSOD1 is an obligate seed and substrate of propagated misfolding. Furthermore, we developed several chimeric SOD1-GFP proteins that we validated to aggregate in the presence of pathological SOD1 or TDP-43 seed. We used this assay, along with immunofluorescence, live-cell microscopy and flow cytometry studies, to show that intermolecular conversion of SOD1 by pathological TDP-43 is mediated by tryptophan residues in both proteins. Furthermore, we used the reporter proteins to show that human spinal cord extracts prepared from familial, but not sporadic, ALS patients can trigger SOD1 aggregation in cultured cells. Finally, we used this system to show that small molecules, akin to 5-fluorouridine, can block this intermolecular kindling of SOD1 aggregation, and demonstrated that our assay can be used as a high-throughput tool for screening drugs against induced SOD1 aggregation. Altogether, our studies indicate that pathological TDP-43 and FUS may exert motor neuron pathology in ALS through the initiation of tryptophan-dependent propagated SOD1 misfolding. Furthermore, it is key to recognize that elucidation of the pathogenic role of a simple structural motif in ALS may provide a framework for understanding other neurodegenerative diseases in which propagated protein misfolding is shown to occur.
Stability and dynamical properties of Cooper-Shepard-Sodano compactons
Creators: name: Mihaila, Bogdan
name: Cardenas, Andres
name: Cooper, Fred
name: Saxena, Avadh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extending a Pade approximant method used for studying compactons in the Rosenau-Hyman (RH) equation, we study the numerical stability of single compactons of the Cooper-Shepard-Sodano (CSS) equation and their pairwise interactions. The CSS equation has a conserved Hamiltonian which has allowed various approaches for studying analytically the nonlinear stability of the solutions. We study three different compacton solutions and find they are numerically stable. Similar to the collisions between RH compactons, the CSS compactons reemerge with same coherent shape when scattered. The time evolution of the small-amplitude ripple resulting after scattering depends on the values of the parameters $l$ and $p$ characterizing the corresponding CSS equation. The simulation of the CSS compacton scattering requires a much smaller artificial viscosity to obtain numerical stability, than in the case of RH compactons propagation.
description: 8 figures
$NDK$, $\bar{K} DN$ and $ND\bar{D}$ molecules
Creators: name: Xiao, C. W.
name: Bayar, M.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically baryon systems made of three hadrons which contain one nucleon and one D meson, and in addition another meson, $\bar{D}, K$ or $\bar{K}$. The systems are studied using the Fixed Center Approximation to the Faddeev equations. The study is made assuming scattering of a $K$ or a $\bar{K}$ on a $DN$ cluster, which is known to generate the $Λ_c(2595)$, or the scattering of a nucleon on the $D\bar{D}$ cluster, which has been shown to generate a hidden charm resonance named X(3700). We also investigate the configuration of scattering of $N$ on the $KD$ cluster, which is known to generate the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$. In all cases we find bound states, with the $NDK$ system, of exotic nature, more bound than the $\bar{K} DN$.
description: 9 figures
Positive Energy Districts: Identifying Challenges and Interdependencies
Creators: name: Krangsås, Savis Gohari
name: Steemers, Koen
name: Konstantinou, Thaleia
name: Soutullo, Silvia
name: Liu, Mingming
name: Giancola, Emanuela
name: Prebreza, Bahri
name: Ashrafian, Touraj
name: Murauskaitė, Lina
name: Maas, Nienke
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Positive Energy District
challenges
COST Action
governance
needs
tools
market
participation
collaboration

description: Positive Energy Districts (PED) are areas within cities that generate more renewable energy than they consume, contributing to cities’ energy system transformation toward carbon neutrality. Since PED is a novel concept, the implementation is very challenging. Within the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, which offers an open space for collaboration among scientists across Europe (and beyond), this paper asks what the needs for supporting the implementation of PEDs are. To answer this, it draws on Delphi process (expert reviews) as the main method alongside the literature review and also uses surveys as supplementary methods to identify the main challenges for developing PEDs. Initial findings reveal seven interacting topics that later were ranked as highest to the lowest as the following: governance, incentive, social, process, market, technology and context. These are interrelated and interdependent, implying that none can be considered in isolation of the others and cannot be left out in order to ensure the successful development of PEDs. The resources that are needed to address these challenges are a common need for systematic understanding of the processes behind them, as well as cross-disciplinary models and protocols to manage the complexity of developing PEDs. The results can be the basis for devising the conceptual framework on the development of new PED guides and tools.
Impact of Chandra calibration uncertainties on galaxy cluster temperatures: application to the Hubble Constant
Creators: name: Reese, Erik D.
name: Kawahara, Hajime
name: Kitayama, Tetsu
name: Ota, Naomi
name: Sasaki, Shin
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a uniform, systematic analysis of a sample of 38 X-ray galaxy clusters with three different Chandra calibrations. The temperatures change systematically between calibrations. Cluster temperatures change on average by roughly ~6% for the smallest changes and roughly ~13% for the more extreme changes between calibrations. We explore the effects of the changing cluster spectral properties on Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) and X-ray determinations of the Hubble constant. The Hubble parameter changes by +10% and -13% between the current calibration and two previous Chandra calibrations, indicating that changes in the cluster temperature basically explain the entire change in H_0. Although this work focuses on the difference in spectral properties and resultant Hubble parameters between the calibrations, it is intriguing to note that the newer calibrations favor a lower value of the Hubble constant, H_0 ~ 60 km s-1 Mpc-1, typical of results from SZE/X-ray distances. Both galaxy clusters themselves and the details of the instruments must be known precisely to enable reliable precision cosmology with clusters, which will be feasible with combined efforts from ongoing observations and planned missions and observatories covering a wide range of wavelengths.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures; updated to match published version
Strengthening food security in rural Ethiopia
Creators: name: Cochrane, Logan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Food insecurity in rural areas of southern Ethiopia is widespread; in recent years over half of all communities in this region have been reliant upon emergency support. However, food security status varies significantly from year to year, as the region experiences variations in rainfall patterns. Research is required to better understand how food security can be strengthened. To do so, this research was driven by three research questions. First, what makes smallholder farmers in southern Ethiopia vulnerable to food insecurity. Second, according to the literature, the adoption of programs and services is low, and thus a community-based assessment was undertaken to understand why. The third question reflected on the methodology – a participatory, co-produced approach, evaluating whether this form of engaged research enabled positive change. The findings suggest that vulnerability to food insecurity differs by scale. At the community level, access to irrigation infrastructure strengthened food security, and was the most transformative difference between the communities. Within communities, food security distribution was complex and few generalizations can be made. The participatory processes identified that research often makes invisible the purposeful and insightful choices farmers make. When surveyed, they are asked to provide generalizations about input use, crop choice and practices, when in reality each crop, input and practice varies. Similarly, some commonly used measures of vulnerability can also be expressions of security; aggregated averages obfuscate localized inequality. For some programs and services, adoption was found to be quite high – it was only when all services were analyzed as a package that adoption was low. However, not all programs and services served the food insecure households, and the reasons for this are explored in detail. The participatory, co-produced approach enabled unique research questions and metrics and added significant value to the research process, which may also enable long-term positive change to programs and services.
Confirmation of the Cardioprotective Effect of MitoGamide in the Diabetic Heart
Creators: name: Park, Min
name: Nishimura, Takanori
name: Baeza-Garza, Carlos D.
name: Caldwell, Stuart T.
name: Pun, Pamela Boon Li
name: Prag, Hiran A.
name: Young, Tim
name: Sauchanka, Olga
name: Logan, Angela
name: Forkink, Marleen
name: Gruszczyk, Anja V.
name: Prime, Tracy A.
name: Arndt, Sabine
name: Naudi, Alba
name: Pamplona, Reinald
name: Coughlan, Melinda T.
name: Tate, Mitchel
name: Ritchie, Rebecca H.
name: Caicci, Federico
name: Kaludercic, Nina
name: Di Lisa, Fabio
name: Smith, Robin A. J.
name: Hartley, Richard C.
name: Murphy, Michael P.
name: Krieg, Thomas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Article
Diabetes
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
Akita mice
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE)
Mitochondria

description: Abstract: Purpose: HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) is a major consequence of diabetic cardiomyopathy with no effective treatments. Here, we have characterized Akita mice as a preclinical model of HFpEF and used it to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the mitochondria-targeted dicarbonyl scavenger, MitoGamide. Methods and Results: A longitudinal echocardiographic analysis confirmed that Akita mice develop diastolic dysfunction with reduced E peak velocity, E/A ratio and extended isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), while the systolic function remains comparable with wild-type mice. The myocardium of Akita mice had a decreased ATP/ADP ratio, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased organelle density, compared with that of wild-type mice. MitoGamide, a mitochondria-targeted 1,2-dicarbonyl scavenger, exhibited good stability in vivo, uptake into cells and mitochondria and reactivity with dicarbonyls. Treatment of Akita mice with MitoGamide for 12 weeks significantly improved the E/A ratio compared with the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion: Our work confirms that the Akita mouse model of diabetes replicates key clinical features of diabetic HFpEF, including cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, in this independent study, MitoGamide treatment improved diastolic function in Akita mice.
Exceptional Reductions
Creators: name: Marrani, Alessio
name: Orazi, Emanuele
name: Riccioni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from basic identities of the group E8, we perform progressive reductions, namely decompositions with respect to the maximal and symmetric embeddings of E7xSU(2) and then of E6xU(1). This procedure provides a systematic approach to the basic identities involving invariant primitive tensor structures of various irreprs. of finite-dimensional exceptional Lie groups. We derive novel identities for E7 and E6, highlighting the E8 origin of some well known ones. In order to elucidate the connections of this formalism to four-dimensional Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories based on symmetric scalar manifolds (and related to irreducible Euclidean Jordan algebras, the unique exception being the triality-symmetric N = 2 stu model), we then derive a fundamental identity involving the unique rank-4 symmetric invariant tensor of the 0-brane charge symplectic irrepr. of U-duality groups, with potential applications in the quantization of the charge orbits of supergravity theories, as well as in the study of multi-center black hole solutions therein.
description: 1+29 pages, 2 Tables; v2: minor amendment in caption of Table 1, Refs. added and updated; accepted for publication in J. Phys. A: Math. Theor
Inflation in Gauge Mediation and Gravitino Dark Matter
Creators: name: Kamada, Kohei
name: Nakai, Yuichiro
name: Sakai, Manabu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an inflationary scenario based on a phenomenologically viable model with direct gauge mediation of low-scale supersymmetry breaking. Inflation can occur in the supersymmetry-breaking hidden sector. Although the reheating temperature from the inflaton decay is so high that the gravitino problem seems to be severe, late time entropy production from the decay of the pseudomoduli field associated with the supersymmetry breaking can dilute gravitinos sufficiently. We show that gravitinos are also produced from the pseudomoduli decay and there is a model parameter space where gravitinos can be the dark matter in the present universe.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures; v2: reference added, the version published in PTP
Non-Abelian Topological Orders and Majorana Fermions in Spin-Singlet Superconductors
Creators: name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Takahashi, Yoshiro
name: Fujimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Abelian topological order for superconductors is characterized by the existence of zero-energy Majorana fermions in edges of systems and in a vortex of a macroscopic condensate, which obey the non-Abelian statistics. This paper is devoted to an extensive study on the non-Abelian topological phase of spin-singlet superconductors with the Rashba spin-orbit interaction proposed in our previous letter [M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, and S. Fujimoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 020401 (2009)]. We mainly consider the s-wave pairing state and the d+id pairing state. In the case of d+id-wave pairing, Majorana fermions appear in almost all parameter regions of the mixed state under an applied magnetic field, provided that the Fermi level crosses k-points in the vicinity of the Gamma point or the M point in the Brillouin zone, while in the case of s-wave pairing, a strong magnetic field, the Zeeman energy of which is larger than the superconducting gap is required to realize the topological phase. We clarify that Majorana fermions in Rashba spin-singlet superconductors are much more stable than those realized in spin-triplet p+ip superconductors in certain parameter regions. We also investigate the topological number which ensures the topological stability of the phase in detail. Furthermore, as a byproduct, we found that topological order is also realized in conventional spin (or charge) density wave states with the Rashba spin-orbit interaction, for which massless Dirac fermions appear in the edge of the systems and charge fractionalization occurs.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures. two figures, references and appendix c are added
D 7.7 Intermediate Data Management and Innovation Management
Creators: name: Amram, Denise
name: Ricotti, Leonardo
name: Cormio, Paola Giulia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This Deliverable reports the advancement in the Data Management Plan and the Innovation Management strategy.
The Intermediate Data Management Plan (IDMP) includes an update of the Initial Data Management Plan submitted under D7.4 and an integration of the updates that emerged within the project, in terms of data management, curation, and preservation-related rules. The IDMP updates the general strategy that the ADMAIORA consortium adopted to fulfill the Open Access Research Data Pilot and to create a FAIR ecosystem in light of the research data already produced and the ones the Consortium is going to develop in the next steps of the project life-cycle.
This part of the Deliverable confirms the strategy aimed at combining data management, dissemination activities and the overall management of the project, including the legal-ethical dimension of research data and it provides a more aware position of the Consortium towards Open Data.
The Innovation Management strategy describes how the priorities and initiatives of the Consortium have been orchestrated, thus to successfully pursue exploitation, dissemination and communication initiatives, also identifying appropriate limitations to the Open Access policy drafted in the DMP. This part of the Deliverable evaluates the efficacy of the Innovation Management strategy adopted so far in the project course and if it should be maintained or not in the second part of the ADMAIORA project.