cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Controllable Image Synthesis of Industrial Data Using Stable Diffusion
Creators: name: Valvano, Gabriele
name: Agostino, Antonino
name: De Magistris, Giovanni
name: Graziano, Antonino
name: Veneri, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training supervised deep neural networks that perform defect detection and segmentation requires large-scale fully-annotated datasets, which can be hard or even impossible to obtain in industrial environments. Generative AI offers opportunities to enlarge small industrial datasets artificially, thus enabling the usage of state-of-the-art supervised approaches in the industry. Unfortunately, also good generative models need a lot of data to train, while industrial datasets are often tiny. Here, we propose a new approach for reusing general-purpose pre-trained generative models on industrial data, ultimately allowing the generation of self-labelled defective images. First, we let the model learn the new concept, entailing the novel data distribution. Then, we force it to learn to condition the generative process, producing industrial images that satisfy well-defined topological characteristics and show defects with a given geometry and location. To highlight the advantage of our approach, we use the synthetic dataset to optimise a crack segmentor for a real industrial use case. When the available data is small, we observe considerable performance increase under several metrics, showing the method's potential in production environments.
Commissioning of the PRIOR prototype
Creators: name: Varentsov, D.
name: Antonov, O.
name: Bakhmutova, A.
name: Bogdanov, A.
name: Danly, C.
name: Efimov, S.
name: Endres, M.
name: Golubev, A.
name: Hoffmann, D. H. H.
name: Kantsyrev, A.
name: Krasik, Y.
name: Lang, P.
name: Mariam, F.
name: Markov, N.
name: Merrill, F.
name: Mintsev, V.
name: Panyushkin, V.
name: Rodionova, M.
name: Schanz, M.
name: Shestov, L.
name: Skachkov, V.
name: Udrea, S.
name: Weyrich, K.
name: Wilde, C.
name: Zubareva, A.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Discovery of deuterated water in a young proto-planetary disk
Creators: name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Caux, E.
name: Lefloch, B.
name: Caselli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of the ground transition of the deuterated water at 464 GHz in the young proto-planetary disk surrounding the solar type protostar DM Tau. The line is observed in absorption against the continuum from the cold dust in the disk midplane, with a line to continuum ratio close to unity. The observation implies that deuterated gaseous water is present, with a relatively large abundance ($\sim 3\times10^{-9}$), in the outer disk above the midplane, where the density is, within a factor ten, $\sim 10^6$ cm$^{-3}$ and the temperature is lower than about 25 K. In these conditions, the H$_2$O condensation timescale is much smaller than the DM Tau disk age, and, therefore, water should be fully frozen onto the grain mantles. We suggest that UV photons and/or X-rays sublimate part of the mantles re-injecting the ices into the gas phase. Even though there is currently no measurement of H$_2$O, we provide arguments that the HDO/H$_2$O ratio should be about 0.01 or larger, which would be hundreds of times larger than the values measured in Solar System objects. This suggests the need of strong caution in comparing and linking the HDO/H$_2$O in Solar System and star forming environments.
description: Accepted to be published in ApJ Letters
Cannabis alters DNA methylation at maternally imprinted and autism candidate genes in spermatogenic cells
Creators: name: Schrott, Rose
name: Greeson, Katherine W.
name: King, Dillon
name: Crow, Krista M. Symosko
name: Easley, Charles A.
name: Murphy, Susan K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Cannabis use in the United States is increasing, with highest consumption among men at their peak reproductive years. We previously demonstrated widespread changes in sperm DNA methylation with cannabis exposure in humans and rats, including genes important in neurodevelopment. Here, we use an in vitro human spermatogenesis model to recapitulate chronic cannabis use and assess DNA methylation at imprinted and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) candidate genes in spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)- and spermatid-like cells. Methylation at maternally imprinted genes SGCE and GRB10 was significantly altered in SSC- and spermatid-like cells, respectively, while PEG3 was significantly differentially methylated in spermatid-like cells. Two of ten randomly selected ASD candidate genes, HCN1 and NR4A2, had significantly altered methylation with cannabis exposure in SSC-like cells. These results support our findings in human cohorts and provide a new tool with which to gain mechanistic insights into the association between paternal cannabis use and risk of ASD in offspring.
Additional file 1 of Pharmacometabolomic profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with liraglutide or glimepiride
Creators: name: Jendle, J.
name: Hyötyläinen, T.
name: Orešič, M.
name: Nyström, T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Difference between treatment groups at baseline (adjusted for gender and myocardial infarction). Table S2. Difference between subjects with (n = 21) or without myocardial infarction (n = 41) at baseline, adjusted for gender and MI. Table S3. Changes in lipid class level in subjects with type 2 diabetes after treatment with A Liraglutide and B Glimepiride, adjusted for gender and myocardial infarction. Table S4. Metabolic changes after treatment with Liraglutide (adjusted for gender and myocardial infarction). Table S5. Metabolic changes after treatment with Glimepiride (adjusted for gender and myocardial infarction). Table S6. Difference after treatment (Liraglutide vs. Glimepiride, fold change treated/baseline), at group level, adjusted for gender and myocardial infarction. Figure S1. Spearman correlation between polar metabolites, lipid classes, age, gender, BMI, and pharmacological treatment, i.e., ASA/Clopidogrel, Warfarin/NOAC, ACEi/ARB, Calcium flow inhibitor and statins at baseline. *p < 0.05.
Generation of multimillijoule redshifted beams for stimulated Raman scattering
Creators: name: Landgraf, B.
name: Hoffmann, A.
name: Kartashov, D.
name: Gärtner, F.
name: Samsonova, Z.
name: Polynkin, P.
name: Jacoby, J.
name: Kühl, T.
name: Spielmann, C.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Revealing the Structure and Internal Rotation of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with Gaia and Machine Learning
Creators: name: del Pino, Andrés
name: Fardal, Mark A.
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
name: Łokas, Ewa L.
name: Mateu, Cecilia
name: Sohn, Sangmo Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the internal structure and kinematics of the core of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr). Using machine-learning techniques, we have combined the information provided by 3300 RR Lyrae stars, more than 2000 spectroscopically observed stars, and the Gaia second data release to derive the full phase space, i.e. 3D positions and kinematics, of more than $1.2\times10^5$ member stars in the core of the galaxy. Our results show that Sgr has a bar structure $\sim 2.5$ kpc long, and that tidal tails emerge from its tips to form what it is known as the Sgr stream. The main body of the galaxy, strongly sheared by tidal forces, is a triaxial (almost prolate) ellipsoid with its longest principal axis of inertia inclined $43^\circ\pm6^\circ$ with respect to the plane of the sky and axis ratios of 1:0.67:0.60. Its external regions are expanding mainly along its longest principal axis, yet the galaxy conserves an inner core of about $500\times330\times300$ pc that shows no net expansion and is rotating at $v_{\rm rot} = 4.13 \pm 0.16$ ${\rm{ km \ s^{-1}}}$. The internal angular momentum of Sgr forms an angle $θ= 18^\circ\pm6^\circ$ with respect to its orbital angular momentum, meaning that the galaxy is in an inclined prograde orbit around the Milky Way. We compared our results with predictions from $N$-body models with spherical, pressure-supported progenitors and a model whose progenitor is a flattened rotating disk. Only the rotating model, based on preexisting simulations aimed at reproducing the line-of-sight velocity gradients observed in Sgr, was able to reproduce the observed properties in the core of the galaxy.
description: 37 pages, 26 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
Creators: name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Springel, Volker
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the early Universe, while galaxies were still forming, black holes as massive as a billion solar masses powered quasars. Supermassive black holes are found at the centers of most galaxies today, where their masses are related to the velocity dispersions of stars in their host galaxies and hence to the mass of the central bulge of the galaxy. This suggests a link between the growth of the black holes and the host galaxies, which has indeed been assumed for a number of years. But the origin of the observed relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion, and its connection with the evolution of galaxies have remained unclear. Here we report simulations that simultaneously follow star formation and the growth of black holes during galaxy-galaxy collisions. We find that in addition to generating a burst of star formation, a merger leads to strong inflows that feed gas to the supermassive black hole and thereby power the quasar. The energy released by the quasar expels enough gas to quench both star formation and further black hole growth. This determines the lifetime of the quasar phase (approaching 100 million years) and explains the relationship between the black hole mass and the stellar velocity dispersion.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, published in Nature, February 10, 2005. For supplementary information, see http://web.phys.cmu.edu/~tiziana/NatureSI/
Non-orthogonal cavity modes near exceptional points in the far field
Creators: name: Yang, Jingnan
name: Shi, Shushu
name: Yan, Sai
name: Zhu, Rui
name: Zhao, Xiaoming
name: Qin, Yi
name: Fu, Bowen
name: Chen, Xiqing
name: Li, Hancong
name: Zuo, Zhanchun
name: Jin, Kuijuan
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Xu, Xiulai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-orthogonal eigenstates are a fundamental feature of non-Hermitian systems and are accompanied by the emergence of nontrivial features. However, the platforms to explore non-Hermitian mode couplings mainly measure near-field effects, and the far-field behaviour remain mostly unexplored. Here, we study how a microcavity with non-Hermitian mode coupling exhibits eigenstate non-orthogonality by investigating the spatial field and the far-field polarization of cavity modes. The non-Hermiticity arises from asymmetric backscattering, which is controlled by integrating two scatterers of different size and location into a microdisk. We observe that the spatial field overlaps of two modes increases abruptly to its maximum value, whilst different far-field elliptical polarizations of two modes coalesce when approaching an exceptional point. We demonstrate such features experimentally by measuring the far-field polarization from the fabricated microdisks. Our work reveals the non-orthogonality in the far-field degree of freedom, and the integrability of the microdisks paves a way to integrate more non-Hermitian optical properties into nanophotonic systems.
description: 11pages, 4 figures
New Lie-Algebraic and Quadratic Deformations of Minkowski Space from Twisted Poincare Symmetries
Creators: name: Lukierski, J.
name: Woronowicz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two new classes of twisted D=4 quantum Poincaré symmetries described as the dual pairs of noncocommutative Hopf algebras. Firstly we investigate a two-parameter class of twisted Poincaré algebras which provide the examples of Lie-algebraic noncommutativity of the translations. The corresponding associative star-products and new deformed Lie-algebraic Minkowski spaces are introduced. We discuss further the twist deformations of Poincaré symmetries generated by the twist with its carrier in Lorentz algebra. We describe corresponding deformed Poincaré group which provides the quadratic deformations of translation sector and define the quadratically deformed Minkowski space-time algebra.
description: LaTeX 16 pages. The version which appear in PLB
A Review of Gas-Surface Interaction Models for Orbital Aerodynamics Applications
Creators: name: Livadiotti, Sabrina
name: Crisp, Nicholas H.
name: Roberts, Peter C. E.
name: Worrall, Stephen D.
name: Oiko, Vitor T. A.
name: Edmondson, Steve
name: Haigh, Sarah J.
name: Huyton, Claire
name: Smith, Katharine L.
name: Sinpetru, Luciana A.
name: Holmes, Brandon E. A.
name: Becedas, Jonathan
name: Domínguez, Rosa María
name: Cañas, Valentín
name: Christensen, Simon
name: Mølgaard, Anders
name: Nielsen, Jens
name: Bisgaard, Morten
name: Chan, Yung-An
name: Herdrich, Georg H.
name: Romano, Francesco
name: Fasoulas, Stefanos
name: Traub, Constantin
name: Garcia-Almiñana, Daniel
name: Rodriguez-Donaire, Silvia
name: Sureda, Miquel
name: Kataria, Dhiren
name: Belkouchi, Badia
name: Conte, Alexis
name: Perez, Jose Santiago
name: Villain, Rachel
name: Outlaw, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Renewed interest in Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO) - i.e. altitudes below 450 km - has led to an increased demand for accurate environment characterisation and aerodynamic force prediction. While the former requires knowledge of the mechanisms that drive density variations in the thermosphere, the latter also depends on the interactions between the gas-particles in the residual atmosphere and the surfaces exposed to the flow. The determination of the aerodynamic coefficients is hindered by the numerous uncertainties that characterise the physical processes occurring at the exposed surfaces. Several models have been produced over the last 60 years with the intent of combining accuracy with relatively simple implementations. In this paper the most popular models have been selected and reviewed using as discriminating factors relevance with regards to orbital aerodynamics applications and theoretical agreement with gas-beam experimental data. More sophisticated models were neglected, since their increased accuracy is generally accompanied by a substantial increase in computation times which is likely to be unsuitable for most space engineering applications. For the sake of clarity, a distinction was introduced between physical and scattering kernel theory based gas-surface interaction models. The physical model category comprises the Hard Cube model, the Soft Cube model and the Washboard model, while the scattering kernel family consists of the Maxwell model, the Nocilla-Hurlbut-Sherman model and the Cercignani-Lampis-Lord model. Limits and assets of each model have been discussed with regards to the context of this paper. Wherever possible, comments have been provided to help the reader to identify possible future challenges for gas-surface interaction science with regards to orbital aerodynamic applications.
description: Journal paper (accepted for publication in "Progress in Aerospace Sciences") Replacement: Corrected typos in Equations
Upgrade of GSI's laser-driven ion beamline at Z6
Creators: name: Busold, S.
name: Schumacher, D.
name: Brabetz, C.
name: Jahn, D.
name: Kroll, F.
name: Deppert, O.
name: Blazevic, A.
name: Bagnoud, V.
name: Roth, Markus
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Additional file 1 of Dopaminergic stimulation leads B-cell infiltration into the central nervous system upon autoimmunity
Creators: name: Prado, Carolina
name: Osorio-Barrios, Francisco
name: Falcón, Paulina
name: Espinoza, Alexandra
name: Saez, Juan José
name: Yuseff, María Isabel
name: Pacheco, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. B-cell infiltration into the CNS correlates with the EAE clinical score (associated to Fig. 1). EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 6). A group of control mice were treated only with PBS (n = 2). At day 15 post-induction, mice were killed and the extent of B cells infiltrating the brain was analysed by immunofluorescence. (A) Representative images of immunofluorescence for CD19 in mice displaying clinical score 0 (left panel, healthy control), 2 (middle panel, EAE) and 3 (right panel, EAE). Arrow heads showing some CD19 + cells in the tissue. Bar, 200 µm. Inserts in the down-left corner show some B cells in higher magnification. (B) The number of CD19 + cells per area was quantified in the cortex (n = 3 slides per mouse) and a correlation analysis was performed with the clinical score. The R2 and p value were calculated with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Figure S2. Analysis of DRD3 expression in B cells upon EAE development (associated to Fig. 1). EAE was induced in wild-type C57BL/6 mice by immunization with pMOG35–55 or huMOG in CFA followed by pertussis toxin injection. At the peak of disease severity, mononuclear cells were isolated from the spleen, draining lymph nodes (dLN) and central nervous system (CNS) and DRD3 expression was evaluated in the CD19 + population by flow cytometry. (A) Gating strategy. Numbers indicate the percentage of cells inside the selected region. (B) Representative dot plots showing the gate of CD19 + cells from each tissue selected for the analysis of DRD3 expression. Numbers indicate the percentage of CD19 + cells. (C) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) associated to DRD3 immunostaining. Left panels show representative histograms. Unspecific (black lined) histograms corresponds to controls in which anti-DRD3 antibody was pre-incubated with the antigenic peptide (used as immunogen to develop the antibody) to avoid specific binding on the cell surface. Right panels show the quantification of the MFI in the CD19 + gate. Each symbol represents data obtained from an individual mouse; n = 2–3 mice per group. The mean ± SEM are depicted. ***, p
Nonpregnant and pregnant adult female rats affected by maternal diabetes environment
Creators: name: Paula, Verônyca Gonçalves
name: de Souza, Maysa Rocha
name: Sinzato, Yuri Karen
name: Villaverde, Ana Izabel Silva Balbin
name: Corrente, José Eduardo
name: Volpato, Gustavo Tadeu
name: Damasceno, Débora Cristina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Maternal diabetes-mediated fetal programming is widely discussed, however, it is important to define the extent to which intrauterine hyperglycemia interferes with the health of female pups, along with determining whether these changes can be perpetuated across generations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on fetal programming and the repercussions on the metabolism of pregnant and nonpregnant female pups. Diabetes status was induced (diabetic group—D) using streptozotocin (a beta cell cytotoxic drug) on the fifth postnatal day of female rats, while controls received a citrate buffer (Control—C). In adulthood, the rats were mated to obtain their female pups. At 90 days of age, half of the female pups were mated (preg) and the other half continued virgin (Npreg). Furthermore, they were distributed into four groups: OC/Npreg and OC/preg—female pups from control mothers; OD/Npreg and OD/preg—female pups from diabetic mothers. At 115 days of life and/or 17 days of pregnancy, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed with blood collection for insulin measurement. At 120 days of life and/or 21 days of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized to determine their blood oxidative stress status. The OD/Npreg group showed glucose intolerance during OGTT (p < 0.0001), while the OD/preg group showed increased insulin secretion during OGTT (p < 0.0001) and insulin resistance (IR; p = 0.0027). An increase in homeostatic model assessment β was shown in the pregnant groups, regardless of maternal diabetes (p < 0.0001). The OD/preg group presented increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p < 0.0001) and –SH levels (p = 0.0005) and decreased superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.0063). Additionally, small fetuses for gestational age (p < 0.0001) were found in these rats. In conclusion, exposure to maternal hyperglycemia compromises the glycemic metabolism of female pups before and during pregnancy and causes oxidative stress, IR, and impaired fetal growth during pregnancy.
Radiation properties of the accretion disk around a black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory
Creators: name: Alloqulov, Mirzabek
name: Shaymatov, Sanjar
name: Ahmedov, Bobomurat
name: Jawad, Abdul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we explore the properties of a non-rotating black hole in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) theory and investigate the luminosity of the accretion disk surrounding it. We determine all the orbital parameters of particles in the accretion disk, including the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) with angular velocity, angular momentum, and energy. Further, we study the radiative efficiency for different values of black hole parameters. Finally, we analyze the flux, differential luminosity, and temperature of the accretion disk.
Pomeranchuk instabilities in holographic metals
Creators: name: Giordano, Gastón
name: Grandi, Nicolás
name: Lugo, Adrián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method to detect instabilities leading to nematic phases in strongly coupled metallic systems. We do so by adapting the well-known Pomeranchuk technique to a weakly coupled system of fermions in a curved asymptotically AdS bulk. The resulting unstable modes are interpreted as corresponding to instabilities on the dual strongly coupled holographic metal. We apply our technique to a relativistic $3+1$-dimensional bulk with generic quartic fermionic couplings, and explore the phase diagram at zero temperature for finite values of the fermion mass and chemical potential, varying the couplings. We find a wide region of parameters where the system is stable, which is simply connected and localized around the origin of coupling space.
description: Replaced by final version, published in JHEP
Investigation of high power laser-induced spallation phenomena in target and collimator materials for next generation accelerators
Creators: name: Tomut, M.
name: Krasiuk, I.
name: Rienecker, T.
name: Rosmej, O.
name: Stuchebryukovr, I.
name: Schönlein, A.
name: Khiscshenko, K.
name: Belikov, R.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Abnormal Resistance Switching Behaviors of NiO Thin Films: Possible Occurrence of Simultaneous Formation and Rupture of Conducting Channels
Creators: name: Liu, Chunli
name: Chae, S. C.
name: Chang, S. H.
name: Lee, S. B.
name: Noh, T. W.
name: Lee, J. S.
name: Kahng, B.
name: Kim, D. -W.
name: Jung, C. U.
name: Seo, S.
name: Ahn, Seung-Eon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detailed current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of resistance switching in NiO thin films. In unipolar resistance switching, it is commonly believed that conducting filaments will rupture when NiO changes from a low resistance to a high resistance state. However, we found that this resistance switching can sometimes show abnormal behavior during voltage- and current-driven I-V measurements. We used the random circuit breaker network model to explain how abnormal switching behaviors could occur. We found that this resistance change can occur via a series of avalanche processes, where conducting filaments could be formed as well as ruptured.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Deutsche Bischofskonferenz: Katholischer Erwachsenenkatechismus
Creators: name: Jetter, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 34 Nr. 4 (1985): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 34, Heft 4
Surface parallel electron acceleration using ultra-intense sub-picosecond pulses
Creators: name: Mao, J.
name: Rosmej, O.
name: Ma, Y.
name: Li, M. H.
name: Aurand, B.
name: Gaertner, F.
name: Wang, M. W.
name: Urbancic, J.
name: Franz, A.
name: Schönlein, A.
name: Zielbauer, B.
name: Eisenbarth, U.
name: Bagnoud, V.
name: Wagner, F.
name: Li, K.
name: Horst, F.
name: Syha, M.
name: Ding, H.
name: Neumayer, P.
name: Mattias, S.
name: Li, Y. T.
name: Aeschlimann, M.
name: Chen, L. M.
name: Kühl, T.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
X-ray radiography on millimeter-scale high-Z targets for the plasma physics program at FAIR
Creators: name: Neumayer, P.
name: Borm, B.
name: Khaghani, D.
name: Li, K.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Holographic Renormalization of Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes
Creators: name: Mann, Robert B.
name: Marolf, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new local, covariant ``counter-term'' is used to construct a variational principle for asymptotically flat spacetimes in any spacetime dimension $ d \ge 4$. The new counter-term makes direct contact with more familiar background subtraction procedures, but is a local algebraic function of the boundary metric and Ricci curvature. The corresponding action satisfies two important properties required for a proper treatment of semi-classical issues and, in particular, to connect with any dual non-gravitational description of asymptotically flat space. These properties are that 1) the action is finite on-shell and 2) asymptotically flat solutions are stationary points under {\it all} variations preserving asymptotic flatness; i.e., not just under variations of compact support. Our definition of asymptotic flatness is sufficiently general to allow the magentic part of the Weyl tensor to be of the same order as the electric part and thus, for d=4, to have non-vanishing NUT charge. Definitive results are demonstrated when the boundary is either a cylindrical or a hyperbolic (i.e., de Sitter space) representation of spacelike infinity ($i^0$), and partial results are provided for more general representations of $i^0$. For the cylindrical or hyperbolic representations of $i^0$, similar results are also shown to hold for both a counter-term proportional to the square-root of the boundary Ricci scalar and for a more complicated counter-term suggested previously by Kraus, Larsen, and Siebelink. Finally, we show that such actions lead, via a straightforward computation, to conserved quantities at spacelike infinity which agree with, but are more general than, the usual (e.g., ADM) results.
description: 30 pages, no figures; 2 new appendices added, arguments clarified concerning variational principle, references added
Variational Preparation of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Thermofield Double
Creators: name: Su, Vincent Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide an algorithm for preparing the thermofield double (TFD) state of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model without the need for an auxiliary bath. Following previous work, the TFD can be cast as the approximate ground state of a Hamiltonian, $H_{\text{TFD}}$. Using variational quantum circuits, we propose and implement a gradient-based algorithm for learning parameters that find this ground state, an application of the variational quantum eigensolver. Concretely, we find quantum circuits that prepare the ground state of $H_{\text{TFD}}$ for the $q=4$ SYK model up to $N=12$.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures; v2 references added
Picky Eaters Make For Better Raters
Creators: name: Stoikov, Sasha
name: Borzillo, Stefano
name: Raub, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: H.3.5; H.3.3

description: It has been established in the literature that the number of ratings and the scores restaurants obtain on online rating systems (ORS) significantly impact their revenue. However, when a restaurant has a limited number of ratings, it may be challenging to predict its future performance. It may well be that ratings reveal more about the user who did the rating than about the quality of the restaurant. This motivates us to segment users into "inflating raters", who tend to give unusually high ratings, and "deflating raters", who tend to give unusually low ratings, and compare the rankings generated by these two populations. Using a public dataset provided by Yelp, we find that deflating raters are better at predicting restaurants that will achieve a top rating (4.5 and above) in the future. As such, these deflating raters may have an important role in restaurant discovery.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Quasi-local variables in spherical symmetry: numerical applications to dark matter and dark energy sources
Creators: name: Sussman, Roberto A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical approach is considered for spherically symmetric spacetimes that generalize Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi dust solutions to nonzero pressure ("LTB spacetimes"). We introduce quasi-local (QL) variables that are covariant LTB objects satisfying evolution equations of Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmologies. We prove rigorously that relative deviations of the local covariant scalars from the QL scalars are non-linear, gauge invariant and covariant perturbations on a FLRW formal "background" given by the QL scalars. The dynamics of LTB spacetimes is completely determined by the QL scalars and these exact perturbations. Since LTB spacetimes are compatible with a wide variety of "equations of state", either single fluids or mixtures, a large number of known solutions with dark matter and dark energy sources in a FLRW framework (or with linear perturbations) can be readily examined under idealized but non-trivial inhomogeneous conditions. Coordinate choices and initial conditions are derived for a numerical treatment of the perturbation equations, allowing us to study non-linear effects in a variety of phenomena, such as gravitational collapse, non-local effects, void formation, dark matter and dark energy couplings and particle creation. In particular, the embedding of inhomogeneous regions can be performed by a smooth matching with a suitable FLRW solution, thus generalizing the Newtonian "top hat" models that are widely used in astrophysical literature. As examples of the application of the formalism, we examine numerically the formation of a black hole in an expanding Chaplygin gas FLRW universe, as well as the evolution of density clumps and voids in an interactive mixture of cold dark matter and dark energy.
description: Final version to appear in Physical Review D. More references added. 20 pages, RevTex 4 style, 8 pdf figures
Learning-Augmented K-Means Clustering Using Dimensional Reduction
Creators: name: Jabari, Issam K. O
name: Shofiyah
name: S, Pradiptya Kahvi
name: Putriwijaya, Novi Nur
name: Yudistira, Novanto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning augmented is a machine learning concept built to improve the performance of a method or model, such as enhancing its ability to predict and generalize data or features, or testing the reliability of the method by introducing noise and other factors. On the other hand, clustering is a fundamental aspect of data analysis and has long been used to understand the structure of large datasets. Despite its long history, the k-means algorithm still faces challenges. One approach, as suggested by Ergun et al,is to use a predictor to minimize the sum of squared distances between each data point and a specified centroid. However, it is known that the computational cost of this algorithm increases with the value of k, and it often gets stuck in local minima. In response to these challenges, we propose a solution to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It is worth noting that when using k values of 10 and 25, the proposed algorithm yields lower cost results compared to running it without PCA. "Principal component analysis (PCA) is the problem of fitting a low-dimensional affine subspace to a set of data points in a high-dimensional space. PCA is well-established in the literature and has become one of the most useful tools for data modeling, compression, and visualization."
description: acmart-LaTeX2e v1.84 17 pages with 12 figures
Weak ferromagnetism and spiral spin structures in honeycomb Hubbard planes
Creators: name: Araujo, M A N
name: Peres, N M R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the Hartree Fock- RPA analysis, we derive the spin wave spectrum for the weak ferromagnetic phase of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice. Assuming a uniform magnetization, the polar (optical) and acoustic branches of the spin wave excitations are determined. The bipartite lattice geometry produces a q-dependent phase difference between the spin wave amplitudes on the two sub-lattices. We also find an instability of the uniform weakly magnetized configuration to a weak antiferromagnetic spiraling spin structure, in the lattice plane, with wave vector Q along the Gamma-K direction, for electron densities n>0.6. We discuss the effect of diagonal disorder on both the creation of electron bound states, enhancement of the density of states, and the possible relevance of these effects to disorder induced ferromagnetism, as observed in proton irradiated graphite.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Silica-coated magnetic-nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity is reduced in microglia by glutathione and citrate identified using integrated omics
Creators: name: Shin, Tae Hwan
name: Manavalan, Balachandran
name: Lee, Da Yeon
name: Basith, Shaherin
name: Seo, Chan
name: Paik, Man Jeong
name: Kim, Sang-Wook
name: Seo, Haewoon
name: Lee, Ju Yeon
name: Kim, Jin Young
name: Kim, A Young
name: Chung, Jee Min
name: Baik, Eun Joo
name: Kang, Seong Ho
name: Choi, Dong-Kug
name: Kang, Yup
name: Mouradian, M. Maral
name: Lee, Gwang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Materials.
Convolutional neural networks for fluid flow analysis: toward effective metamodeling and low-dimensionalization
Creators: name: Morimoto, Masaki
name: Fukami, Kai
name: Zhang, Kai
name: Nair, Aditya G.
name: Fukagata, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on a convolutional neural network (CNN), which has recently been utilized for fluid flow analyses, from the perspective on the influence of various operations inside it by considering some canonical regression problems with fluid flow data. We consider two types of CNN-based fluid flow analyses; 1. CNN metamodeling and 2. CNN autoencoder. For the first type of CNN with additional scalar inputs, which is one of the common forms of CNN for fluid flow analysis, we investigate the influence of input placements in the CNN training pipeline. As an example, estimation of force coefficients of an inclined flat plate and two side-by-side cylinders in laminar flows is considered. We find that care should be taken for the placement of additional scalar inputs depending on the problem setting and the complexity of flows that users handle. We then discuss the influence of various parameters and operations on the CNN performance, with the utilization of autoencoder (AE). A two-dimensional turbulence is considered for the demonstration of AE. The results of AE highly rely on the decaying nature. Investigation on the influence of padding operation at a convolutional layer is also performed. The zero padding shows reasonable ability compared to other methods which account for the boundary conditions assumed in the numerical data. Moreover, the effect of the dimensional reduction/extension methods inside CNN is also examined. The CNN model is robust against the difference in dimension reduction operations, while it is sensitive to the dimensional extension methods. The findings of this paper will help us better design a CNN architecture for practical fluid flow analysis
description: 24 pages, 20 figures
Mixed sums of squares and triangular numbers (II)
Creators: name: Guo, Song
name: Pan, Hao
name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11E25; 11D85; 11P99

description: For an integer $x$ let $t_x$ denote the triangular number $x(x+1)/2$. Following a recent work of Z. W. Sun, we show that every natural number can be written in any of the following forms with $x,y,z\in\Z$: $$x^2+3y^2+t_z, x^2+3t_y+t_z, x^2+6t_y+t_z, 3x^2+2t_y+t_z, 4x^2+2t_y+t_z.$$ This confirms a conjecture of Sun.
Ti-wire isochorically heated by intense short pulse laser
Creators: name: Schönlein, A.
name: Pikuz, S.
name: Franz, A.
name: Jacoby, J.
name: Rosmej, O.
name: Khaghani, D.
name: Neumayer, P.
name: Antonelli, L.
name: Boutoux, G.
name: Batani, D.
name: Santos, J. J.
name: Sauterey, A.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Magnetic reconnection in high energy density plasmas
Creators: name: Riquier, R.
name: Smets, R.
name: Khaghani, D.
name: Higginson, D.
name: Revet, G.
name: Fuchs, J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Understanding Large-Language Model (LLM)-powered Human-Robot Interaction
Creators: name: Kim, Callie Y.
name: Lee, Christine P.
name: Mutlu, Bilge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-language models (LLMs) hold significant promise in improving human-robot interaction, offering advanced conversational skills and versatility in managing diverse, open-ended user requests in various tasks and domains. Despite the potential to transform human-robot interaction, very little is known about the distinctive design requirements for utilizing LLMs in robots, which may differ from text and voice interaction and vary by task and context. To better understand these requirements, we conducted a user study (n = 32) comparing an LLM-powered social robot against text- and voice-based agents, analyzing task-based requirements in conversational tasks, including choose, generate, execute, and negotiate. Our findings show that LLM-powered robots elevate expectations for sophisticated non-verbal cues and excel in connection-building and deliberation, but fall short in logical communication and may induce anxiety. We provide design implications both for robots integrating LLMs and for fine-tuning LLMs for use with robots.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Callie Y. Kim and Christine P. Lee contributed equally to the work. To be published in Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '24), March 11--14, 2024, Boulder, CO, USA
Modified Gravity and the Black Hole Mass Gap
Creators: name: Straight, Maria C.
name: Sakstein, Jeremy
name: Baxter, Eric J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We pioneer the black hole mass gap as a powerful new tool for constraining modified gravity theories. These theories predict fifth forces that alter the structure and evolution of population-III stars, exacerbating the pair-instability. This results in the formation of lighter astrophysical black holes and lowers both the upper and lower edges of the mass gap. These effects are explored using detailed numerical simulations to derive quantitative predictions that can be used as theoretical inputs for Bayesian data analysis. We discuss detection strategies in light of current and upcoming data as well as complications that may arise due to environmental screening. To demonstrate the constraining power of the mass gap, we present a novel test of the strong equivalence principle where we apply our results to an analysis of the first ten LIGO/Virgo binary black hole merger events to obtain a $7\%$ bound on the relative difference between the gravitational constant experienced by baryonic matter, and that experienced by black holes, $ΔG/G$. The recent GW190521 event resulting from two black holes with masses in the canonical mass gap can be explained by modified gravity if the event originated from an unscreened galaxy where the strength of gravity is enhanced by $\sim30\%$ or reduced by $\sim 50\%$ relative to its strength in the solar system.
description: Updated to reflect published version, minor additions
Mccormick’s sociocultural model of teaching literature and the English literature 12 integrated resource package
Creators: name: Thomson, Laura June
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study uses the principles of case study methods to test the validity of Kathleen McCormick's 1994 sociocultural model of teaching literature, which is outlined in The Culture of Reading and the Teaching of Literature. Through an analysis of the British Columbia English Literature 12 Integrated Resource Package curriculum document from the perspective of McCormick's model the study gives examples of how the curriculum document is and is not compatible with her model, how activities in the document might be adapted to correspond with McCormick's sociocultural approach and how this analysis reveals strengths and weaknesses of both the curriculum document and the model itself. The study reveals that while many of the rationale statements and prescribed learning outcomes could be adapted to accommodate McCormick's model, those relating to the influence of social and historical contexts of production of the text, the text as a site for multiple meanings and the centrality of student response are best represented. The principles of McCormick's model not represented are those relating to the context of a text's reception, the constructed nature of a reader's response and of the curriculum, and the naturalizing influence of ideology on a reader's response. The study also examines how McCormick's model might be applied to two texts in the curriculum. It goes on to suggest that the application of McCormick's model to this curriculum document has revealed the strengths of her model to be the inclusion of the principles of a sociocultural approach to literature not found in the IR: those principles illustrated by her use of the concepts of reader and text having literary or general repertoires that do or do not match. These are 1. the context of a text's reception, 2. the constructed nature of the text, the reader's response and the curriculum, and 3. the naturalizing influence of ideology on a reader's response to the text. The study recommends further examination of the practical application of McCormick's model and its principles to the literature classroom.
Zero-cycles on a twisted Cayley plane
Creators: name: Petrov, V.
name: Semenov, N.
name: Zainoulline, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57T15; 19E15

description: This is an essentially extended version of the preprint dated by August 2005 (this includes now the varieties of types F_4, E_6 and E_7). Let k be a field of characteristic not 2 and 3. Let G be an exceptional simple algebraic group of type F_4, inner type E_6 or E_7 with trivial Tits algebras. Let X be a projective G-homogeneous variety. If G is of type E_7 we assume in addition that the respective parabolic subgroup is of type P_7. The main result of the paper says that the degree map on the group of zero cycles of X is injective.
description: 15 pages