cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On "full" twisted Poincare' symmetry and QFT on Moyal-Weyl spaces
Creators: name: Fiore, Gaetano
name: Wess, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore some general consequences of a proper, full enforcement of the "twisted Poincare'" covariance of Chaichian et al. [14], Wess [50], Koch et al. [34], Oeckl [41] upon many-particle quantum mechanics and field quantization on a Moyal-Weyl noncommutative space(time). This entails the associated braided tensor product with an involutive braiding (or $\star$-tensor product in the parlance of Aschieri et al. [3,4]) prescription for any coordinates pair of $x,y$ generating two different copies of the space(time); the associated nontrivial commutation relations between them imply that $x-y$ is central and its Poincaré transformation properties remain undeformed. As a consequence, in QFT (even with space-time noncommutativity) one can reproduce notions (like space-like separation, time- and normal-ordering, Wightman or Green's functions, etc), impose constraints (Wightman axioms), and construct free or interacting theories which essentially coincide with the undeformed ones, since the only observable quantities involve coordinate differences. In other words, one may thus well realize QM and QFT's where the effect of space(time) noncommutativity amounts to a practically unobservable common noncommutative translation of all reference frames.
description: Latex file, 24 pages. Final version to appear in PRD
On the Potential and Limitations of Few-Shot In-Context Learning to Generate Metamorphic Specifications for Tax Preparation Software
Creators: name: Srinivas, Dananjay
name: Das, Rohan
name: Tizpaz-Niari, Saeid
name: Trivedi, Ashutosh
name: Pacheco, Maria Leonor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the ever-increasing complexity of income tax laws in the United States, the number of US taxpayers filing their taxes using tax preparation software (henceforth, tax software) continues to increase. According to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS), in FY22, nearly 50% of taxpayers filed their individual income taxes using tax software. Given the legal consequences of incorrectly filing taxes for the taxpayer, ensuring the correctness of tax software is of paramount importance. Metamorphic testing has emerged as a leading solution to test and debug legal-critical tax software due to the absence of correctness requirements and trustworthy datasets. The key idea behind metamorphic testing is to express the properties of a system in terms of the relationship between one input and its slightly metamorphosed twinned input. Extracting metamorphic properties from IRS tax publications is a tedious and time-consuming process. As a response, this paper formulates the task of generating metamorphic specifications as a translation task between properties extracted from tax documents - expressed in natural language - to a contrastive first-order logic form. We perform a systematic analysis on the potential and limitations of in-context learning with Large Language Models(LLMs) for this task, and outline a research agenda towards automating the generation of metamorphic specifications for tax preparation software.
description: Accepted to the Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop, EMNLP 2023
A functional analysis of the private press as a type of publisher
Creators: name: Carre, Gary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines how, in providing context to records creation, functional analysis can be used in the archival appraisal of private press records. This thesis draws on literature from a variety of sources, including the history of printing and publishing activities, the nature of private presses and archival appraisal theory. It also involves the examination of private press records held at the University of British Columbia Library, Special Collections and University Archives Division. Three private presses in British Columbia are used as examples in this thesis. They are Barbarian Press, Klanak Press and Cobblestone Press. In chapter one, the historical experience of private presses in British Columbia is outlined. Following this, in chapters two through four, the functions and activities of publishing organizations are examined, with special reference to the particular way in which they are carried out by private presses. The nature of records created by private presses are also identified. In chapter two, the author examines the function of publishing organizations to acquire prospective manuscripts. Chapter three describes the function of publishing organizations to physically produce a finished work. Chapter four examines the marketing function of publishing organizations. Throughout these chapters, the author examines the archival records of the three private presses used as examples in this thesis, highlighting archival appraisal implications drawn from an analysis of functions and activities. In his conclusion, the author reaffirms the role of functional analysis in archival work.
Computation Of Microbial Ecosystems in Time and Space (COMETS): An open source collaborative platform for modeling ecosystems metabolism
Creators: name: Dukovski, Ilija
name: Bajić, Djordje
name: Chacón, Jeremy M
name: Quintin, Michael
name: Vila, Jean CC
name: Sulheim, Snorre
name: Pacheco, Alan R
name: Bernstein, David B
name: Rieh, William J
name: Korolev, Kirill S
name: Sanchez, Alvaro
name: Harcombe, William R
name: Segrè, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genome-scale stoichiometric modeling of metabolism has become a standard systems biology tool for modeling cellular physiology and growth. Extensions of this approach are also emerging as a valuable avenue for predicting, understanding and designing microbial communities. COMETS (Computation Of Microbial Ecosystems in Time and Space) was initially developed as an extension of dynamic flux balance analysis, which incorporates cellular and molecular diffusion, enabling simulations of multiple microbial species in spatially structured environments. Here we describe how to best use and apply the most recent version of this platform, COMETS 2, which incorporates a more accurate biophysical model of microbial biomass expansion upon growth, as well as several new biological simulation modules, including evolutionary dynamics and extracellular enzyme activity. COMETS 2 provides user-friendly Python and MATLAB interfaces compatible with the well-established COBRA models and methods, and comprehensive documentation and tutorials, facilitating the use of COMETS for researchers at all levels of expertise with metabolic simulations. This protocol provides a detailed guideline for installing, testing and applying COMETS 2 to different scenarios, with broad applicability to microbial communities across biomes and scales.
description: 146 pages, 12 figures, 2 supplementary figures, 3 supplementary videos. Nat Protoc (2021)
Confining k-string tensions with D-Branes in Super Yang-Mills theories
Creators: name: Ridgway, Jefferson M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss confining k strings in four dimensional gauge theories using D5 branes in AdS5xS5, and D3 branes in Klebanov-Strassler and Maldacena-Nunez backgrounds. We present two results: The first that confining k string tensions in N=4 can be calculated using D5 branes in AdS5xS5 with a cut-off in the bulk AdS. Using an embedding of R2 times S4 in S5, we show that the D5 brane replicates a string of rank k in the antisymmetric representation. The second result shows that the S-Dual calculation to hep-th/0111078 reproduces the action in the Klebanov-Strassler and Maldacena-Nunez backgrounds exactly, while providing a more natural manifestation of the string charge k.
description: LaTeX, 12 pages; v2 references added
NICER: Aesthetic Image Enhancement with Humans in the Loop
Creators: name: Fischer, Michael
name: Kobs, Konstantin
name: Hotho, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.4.3; H.1.2

description: Fully- or semi-automatic image enhancement software helps users to increase the visual appeal of photos and does not require in-depth knowledge of manual image editing. However, fully-automatic approaches usually enhance the image in a black-box manner that does not give the user any control over the optimization process, possibly leading to edited images that do not subjectively appeal to the user. Semi-automatic methods mostly allow for controlling which pre-defined editing step is taken, which restricts the users in their creativity and ability to make detailed adjustments, such as brightness or contrast. We argue that incorporating user preferences by guiding an automated enhancement method simplifies image editing and increases the enhancement's focus on the user. This work thus proposes the Neural Image Correction & Enhancement Routine (NICER), a neural network based approach to no-reference image enhancement in a fully-, semi-automatic or fully manual process that is interactive and user-centered. NICER iteratively adjusts image editing parameters in order to maximize an aesthetic score based on image style and content. Users can modify these parameters at any time and guide the optimization process towards a desired direction. This interactive workflow is a novelty in the field of human-computer interaction for image enhancement tasks. In a user study, we show that NICER can improve image aesthetics without user interaction and that allowing user interaction leads to diverse enhancement outcomes that are strongly preferred over the unedited image. We make our code publicly available to facilitate further research in this direction.
description: The code can be found at https://github.com/mr-Mojo/NICER
Quantitative comparison of opacities calculated using the $R$-matrix and Distorted-Wave methods: Fe XVII
Creators: name: Delahaye, F.
name: Connor, C. P.
name: Smith, R. T.
name: Badnell, N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a detailed calculation of opacities for Fe~XVII at the physical conditions corresponding to the base of the Solar convection zone. Many ingredients are involved in the calculation of opacities. We review the impact of each ingredient on the final monochromatic and mean opacities (Rosseland and Planck). The necessary atomic data were calculated with the $R$-matrix and the distorted-wave (DW) methods. We study the effect of broadening, of resolution, of the extent of configuration sets and of configuration interaction to understand the differences between several theoretical predictions as well as the existing large disagreement with measurements. New Dirac $R$-matrix calculations including all configurations up to the $n=$ 4, 5 and $6$ complexes have been performed as well as corresponding Breit--Pauli DW calculations. The DW calculations have been extended to include autoionizing initial levels. A quantitative contrast is made between comparable DW and $R$-matrix models. We have reached self-convergence with $n=6$ $R$-matrix and DW calculations. Populations in autoionizing initial levels contribute significantly to the opacities and should not be neglected. The $R$-matrix and DW results are consistent under the similar treatment of resonance broadening. The comparison with the experiment shows a persistent difference in the continuum while the filling of the windows shows some improvement. The present study defines our path to the next generation of opacities and opacity tables for stellar modeling.
description: submitted to MNRAS, 12 pages
On-line database of the spectral properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Creators: name: Malloci, G.
name: Joblin, C.
name: Mulas, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an on-line database of computed molecular properties for a large sample of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four charge states: -1, 0, +1, and +2. At present our database includes 40 molecules ranging in size from naphthalene and azulene (C10H8) up to circumovalene (C66H20). We performed our calculations in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT to obtain the most relevant molecular parameters needed for astrophysical applications. For each molecule in the sample, our database presents in a uniform way the energetic, rotational, vibrational, and electronic properties. It is freely accessible on the web at http://astrochemistry.ca.astro.it/database/ and http://www.cesr.fr/~joblin/database/.
description: Accepted for pubblication in Chem. Phys. (01/01/07)
Coronal dimmings as indicators of early CME propagation direction
Creators: name: Jain, Shantanu
name: Podladchikova, Tatiana
name: Chikunova, Galina
name: Dissauer, Karin
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are solar eruptions of plasma and magnetic fields that significantly impact Space Weather, causing disruptions in technological systems and potential damage to power grids when directed towards Earth. Traditional coronagraphs along the Sun-Earth line struggle to precisely track the early evolution of Earth-directed CMEs. Coronal dimmings, localized reductions in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray emissions, are key indicators of CMEs in the low corona, resulting from mass loss and expansion during the eruption. This study introduces a novel method, DIRECD (Dimming InfeRred Estimate of CME Direction), to estimate the early propagation direction of CMEs based on the expansion of coronal dimmings. The approach involves 3D simulations of CMEs using a geometric cone model, exploring parameters like width, height, source location, and deflection from the radial direction. The dominant direction of dimming evolution is then determined, and an inverse problem is solved to reconstruct an ensemble of CME cones at various heights, widths, and deflections. By comparing the CME orthogonal projections onto the solar sphere with the dimming geometry, the 3D CME direction is derived. Validated through case studies on October 1, 2011, and September 6, 2011, the DIRECD method reveals the early propagation directions of CMEs. The CME on October 1, 2011, predominantly expands towards the South-East, while the CME on September 6, 2011, inclines towards the North-West. These findings align with previous studies using multi-viewpoint coronagraphic observations. The study demonstrates the utility of coronal dimming information for early CME direction estimation, providing valuable data for space weather forecasting and mitigating potential adverse impacts on Earth before observation in coronographs' field-of-view.
description: 17 pages, accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Asymptotic structure of radiation in higher dimensions
Creators: name: Krtous, Pavel
name: Podolsky, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize a general gravitational field near conformal infinity (null, spacelike, or timelike) in spacetimes of any dimension. This is based on an explicit evaluation of the dependence of the radiative component of the Weyl tensor on the null direction from which infinity is approached. The behaviour similar to peeling property is recovered, and it is shown that the directional structure of radiation has a universal character that is determined by the algebraic type of the spacetime. This is a natural generalization of analogous results obtained previously in the four-dimensional case.
description: 14 pages, no figures (two references added)
A Universal Model of Floquet Operator Krylov Space
Creators: name: Yeh, Hsiu-Chung
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the stroboscopic time-evolution under a Floquet unitary, in any spatial dimension, and of any Hermitian operator, can be mapped to an operator Krylov space which is identical to that generated by the edge operator of the non-interacting Floquet transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) in one-spatial dimension, and with inhomogeneous Ising and transverse field couplings. The latter has four topological phases reflected by the absence (topologically trivial) or presence (topologically non-trivial) of edge modes at $0$ and/or $π$ quasi-energies. It is shown that the Floquet dynamics share certain universal features characterized by how the Krylov parameters vary in the topological phase diagram of the Floquet TFIM with homogeneous couplings. These results are highlighted through examples, all chosen for numerical convenience to be in one spatial dimension: non-integrable Floquet spin $1/2$ chains and Floquet $Z_3$ clock model where the latter hosts period-tripled edge modes.
Remark on integrating out heavy moduli in flux compactification
Creators: name: Abe, Hiroyuki
name: Higaki, Tetsutaro
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two steps of moduli stabilization in type IIB flux compactification with gaugino condensations. We consider the condition that one can integrate out heavy moduli first with light moduli remaining. We give appendix, where detail study is carried out for potential minima of the model with a six dimensional compact space with $h_{1,1}=h_{2,1}=1$, including the model, whose respective moduli with $h_{1,1}, h_{2,1} \neq 1$ are identified.
description: 16 pages, latex
On the use of Kolmogorov-Landau approach in deriving various correlation functions in 2-D incompressible turbulence
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sagar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We look at various correlation functions, which include those that involve both the velocity and the vorticity fields, in 2-D isotropic homogeneous decaying turbulence.We adopt the more intuitive approach due to Kolmogorov (and subsequently, Landau in his text on fluid dynamics) and show that how the 2-D turbulence results, obtainable using other methods, may be established in a simpler way.Also, some experimentally verifiable correlation functions in the dissipation range have been derived for the same system.The paper also showcases the inability of the Kolmogorov-Landau approach to get the ``one-eighth law'' in the enstrophy cascade region.As discussed in the paper, this may raise the spectre of logarithmic corrections once again in 2-D turbulence.
description: A typos-corrected version of the earlier submission
Can Punctured Rate-1/2 Turbo Codes Achieve a Lower Error Floor than their Rate-1/3 Parent Codes?
Creators: name: Chatzigeorgiou, I.
name: Rodrigues, M. R. D.
name: Wassell, I. J.
name: Carrasco, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we concentrate on rate-1/3 systematic parallel concatenated convolutional codes and their rate-1/2 punctured child codes. Assuming maximum-likelihood decoding over an additive white Gaussian channel, we demonstrate that a rate-1/2 non-systematic child code can exhibit a lower error floor than that of its rate-1/3 parent code, if a particular condition is met. However, assuming iterative decoding, convergence of the non-systematic code towards low bit-error rates is problematic. To alleviate this problem, we propose rate-1/2 partially-systematic codes that can still achieve a lower error floor than that of their rate-1/3 parent codes. Results obtained from extrinsic information transfer charts and simulations support our conclusion.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Chengdu, China, October 22-26, 2006
Tuning the pull-in instability of soft dielectric elastomers through loading protocols
Creators: name: Su, Yipin
name: Chen, Weiqiu
name: Destrade, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pull-in (or electro-mechanical) instability occurs when a drastic decrease in the thickness of a dielectric elastomer results in electrical breakdown, which limits the applications of dielectric devices. Here we derive the criteria for determining the pull-in instability of dielectrics actuated by different loading methods: voltage-control, charge-control, fixed pre-stress and fixed pre-stretch, by analyzing the free energy of the actuated systems. The Hessian criterion identifies a maximum in the loading curve beyond which the elastomer will stretch rapidly and lose stability, and can be seen as a path to failure. We present numerical calculations for neo-Hookean ideal dielectrics, and obtain the maximum allowable actuation stretch of a dielectric before failure by electrical breakdown. We find that applying a fixed pre-stress or a fixed pre-stretch to a charge-driven dielectric may decrease the stretchability of the elastomer, a scenario which is the opposite of what happens in the case of a voltage-driven dielectric. Results show that a reversible large actuation of a dielectric elastomer, free of the pull-in instability, can be achieved by tuning the actuation method.
Phase portraits for quadratic systems possessing an infinite elliptic-saddle or an infinite nilpotent saddle
Creators: name: Artés, Joan C.
name: Mota, Marcos C.
name: Rezende, Alex C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a global study of the class $\bf{Q}{\widehat{ES}}$ of all real quadratic polynomial differential systems possessing exactly one elemental infinite singular point and one triple infinite singular point, which is either an infinite nilpotent elliptic-saddle or a nilpotent saddle. This class can be divided into three different families, namely, $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(A)}}$ of phase portraits possessing three real finite singular points, $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(B)}}$ of phase portraits possessing one real and two complex finite singular points, and $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(C)}}$ of phase portraits possessing one real triple finite singular point. Here we provide the complete study of the geometry of these three families. Modulo the action of the affine group and time homotheties, families $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(A)}}$ and $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(B)}}$ are three-dimensional and family $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(C)}}$ is two-dimensional. We study the respective bifurcation diagrams of their closures with respect to specific normal forms, in subsets of real Euclidean spaces. The bifurcation diagram of family $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(A)}}$ (respectively, $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(B)}}$ and $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(C)}}$) yields 1274 (respectively, 89 and 14) subsets with 91 (respectively, 27 and 12) topologically distinct phase portraits for systems in the closure $\overline{\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(A)}}}$ (respectively, $\overline{\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(B)}}}$ and $\overline{\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(C)}}}$) within the representatives of $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(A)}}$ (respectively, $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(B)}}$ and $\bf{Q}{{\widehat{ES}(C)}}$) given by a specific normal form.
description: 112 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.2525
Current Switching of Valley Polarization in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Ying, Xuzhe
name: Ye, Mengxing
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) aligned with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate can exhibit an anomalous Hall effect at 3/4 filling due to the spontaneous valley polarization in valley resolved moiré bands with opposite Chern number [Science 367, 900 (2020), Science 365, 605 (2019)]. It was observed that a small DC current is able to switch the valley polarization and reverse the sign of the Hall conductance [Science 367, 900 (2020), Science 365, 605 (2019)]. Here, we discuss the mechanism of the current switching of valley polarization near the transition temperature, where bulk dissipative transport dominates. We show that for a sample with rotational symmetry breaking, a DC current may generate an electron density difference between the two valleys (valley density difference). The current induced valley density difference in turn induces a first order transition in the valley polarization. We emphasize that the inter-valley scattering plays a central role since it is the channel for exchanging electrons between the two valleys. We further estimate the valley density difference in the TBG/h-BN system with a microscopic model, and find a significant enhancement of the effect in the magic angle regime.
Lattice Model of Sweeping Interface for Drying Process in Water-Granule Mixture
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Hiizu
name: Yamamoto, Ryo
name: Hayase, Yumino
name: Mitarai, Namiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the invasion percolation model, a lattice model for the sweeping interface dynamics is constructed to describe the pattern forming process by a sweeping interface upon drying the water-granule mixture. The model is shown to produce labyrinthine patterns similar to those found in the experiment[Yamazaki and Mizuguchi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. \textbf{69} (2000) 2387]. Upon changing the initial granular density, resulting patterns undergo the percolation transition, but estimated critical exponents are different from those of the conventional percolation. Loopless structure of clusters in the patterns produced by the sweeping dynamics seems to influence the nature of the transition.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Power means of random variables and characterizations of distributions via fractional calculus
Creators: name: Okamura, Kazuki
name: Otobe, Yoshiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E10, 62E10, 26A33

description: We investigate fractional moments and expectations of power means of complex-valued random variables by using fractional calculus. We deal with both negative and positive orders of the fractional derivatives. The one-dimensional distributions are characterized in terms of the fractional moments without any moment assumptions. We explicitly compute the expectations of the power means for both the univariate Cauchy distribution and the Poincaré distribution on the upper-half plane. We show that for these distributions the expectations are invariant with respect to the sample size and the value of the power.
description: 22 pages, v3: minor modifications, to appear in Probability and Mathematical Statistics
Modified multiplicative decomposition model for tissue growth: Beyond the initial stress-free state
Creators: name: Du, Yangkun
name: Lü, Chaofeng
name: Chen, Weiqiu
name: Destrade, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiplicative decomposition model is widely employed for predicting residual stresses and morphologies of biological tissues due to growth. However, it relies on the assumption that the tissue is initially in a stress-free state, which conflicts with the observations that any growth state of tissue is under a significant level of residual stresses that helps to maintain its ideal mechanical conditions. Here, we propose a modified multiplicative decomposition model where the initial state (or reference configuration) of biological tissue is endowed with residual stress instead of being stress-free. Releasing theoretically the initial residual stress, the initially stressed state is first transmitted into a virtual stress-free state, resulting in an initial elastic deformation. The initial virtual stress-free state subsequently grows to another counterpart with a growth deformation and the latter is further integrated into its natural configuration with an excessive elastic deformation that ensures tissue compatibility. With this decomposition, the total deformation may be expressed as the product of elastic deformation, growth deformation and initial elastic deformation, while the corresponding free energy density depends on the initial residual stress and the total deformation. We address three key issues: explicit expression of the free energy density,predetermination of the initial elastic deformation, and initial residual stress. Finally, we consider a tubular organ to demonstrate the effects of the proposed initial residual stress on stress distribution and on shape formation through an incremental stability analysis. Our results suggest that the initial residual stress exerts a major influence on the growth stress and the morphology of tissues.
Automated Resummation and Hadron Collider Event Shapes
Creators: name: Salam, Gavin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This writeup gives an introduction to the theoretical understanding that lies behind automated resummation. It then discusses its applications to hadron-collider event shapes.
description: 5 pages. Talk presented at the 7th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR 2005), Shonan Village, Japan, Oct. 2-7, 2005
Sub-GeV millicharge dark matter from the $U(1)_X$ hidden sector
Creators: name: Feng, Wan-Zhe
name: Zhang, Zi-Hui
name: Zhang, Kai-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a comprehensive study on the sub-GeV millicharge dark matter produced through the freeze-in mechanism. We discuss in general the mixing mechanism, encompassing both kinetic mixing and mass mixing, between the $U(1)_X$ hidden sector and the standard model, which can generate millicharge carried by the dark fermions from the hidden sector. We discuss in depth how such millicharge is generated, and clarify several misunderstandings regarding this subject in the literature. Without employing an effective field theory approach, where the photon field directly mixed with the additional $U(1)$, we analyze a general renormalizable model and investigate the complete evolution of the hidden sector particles. Due to the substantial self-interactions among hidden sector particles, the evolution of the hidden sector temperature plays a crucial role, which is addressed concurrently with the number densities of hidden sector particles by solving a set of coupled Boltzmann equations. We thoroughly examine eight benchmark models from six distinct cases. Some of our key findings from the analysis of these benchmark models may be generalizable and applicable to broader freeze-in scenarios. We also explore the possibility that the $\mathcal{O}$(keV) $U(1)_X$ dark photon is a viable dark matter candidate, even though it can contribute at most $\sim 5\%$ to the total observed dark matter relic density.
description: 55 pages, 13 figures
Cult(ural) Elements and Intra-textual Affordances A Study of Cult Video Games
Creators: name: PARSAYI, FARZAD
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200104 Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: This thesis examines cult video games, which broadly refer to video games that have achieved significant niche popularity and maintained that popularity for a long time after their release. Although many studies have been written on cult television, film, and literature, little has been said about cult video games. This thesis seeks to address this issue by examining certain characteristics that are specific to video game medium and exploring how the popularity of a text is maintained by its fan community. The thesis makes a unique contribution to game studies and the study of cult fandom by arguing that for fandom to become cult fandom, the text needs to allow fans a high amount of agency in shaping their playing experience.
Is dark energy from cosmic Hawking radiation?
Creators: name: Lee, Jae-Weon
name: Kim, Hyeong-Chan
name: Lee, Jungjai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is suggested that dark energy is the energy of the Hawking radiation from a cosmic horizon. Despite of its extremely low Gibbons-Hawking temperature, this radiation could have the appropriate magnitude $O(M_P^2 H^2)$ and the equation of state to explain the observed cosmological data if there is a Planck scale UV-cutoff, where $H$ is the Hubble parameter.
description: 8 pages, 2 figs, revtex, accepted for publication in Modern physics letters
Flame/flow dynamics at the piston surface of an IC engine measured by high-speed PLIF and PTV
Creators: name: Ding, Carl-Philipp
name: Peterson, Brian
name: Schmidt, Marius
name: Dreizler, Andreas
name: Böhm, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resolving fluid transport at engine surfaces is required to predict transient heat loss, which is becoming increasingly important for the development of high-efficiency internal combustion engines (ICE). The limited number of available investigations have focused on non-reacting flows near engine surfaces, while this work focuses on the near-wall flow field dynamics in response to a propagating flame front. Flow-field and flame distributions were measured simultaneously at kHz repetition rates using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Measurements were performed near the piston surface of an optically accessible engine operating at 800 rpm with homogeneous, stoichiometric isooctane-air mixtures. High-speed measurements reveal a strong interdependency between near-wall flow and flame development which also influences subsequent combustion. A conditional analysis is performed to analyze flame/flow dynamics at the piston surface for cycles with weak and strong flow velocities parallel to the surface. Faster flame propagation associated with higher velocities before ignition demonstrates a stronger flow acceleration ahead of the flame. Flow acceleration associated with an advancing flame front is a transient feature that strongly influences boundary layer development. The distance from the wall to 75% maximum velocity (δ75) is analyzed to compare boundary layer development between fired and motored datasets. Decreases in δ75 are strongly related to flow acceleration produced by an approaching flame front. Measurements reveal strong deviations of the boundary layer flow between fired and motored datasets, emphasizing the need to consider transient flow behavior when modelling boundary layer physics for reacting flows.
Problems using deep generative models for probabilistic audio source separation
Creators: name: Frank, Maurice
name: Ilse, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent advancements in deep generative modeling make it possible to learn prior distributions from complex data that subsequently can be used for Bayesian inference. However, we find that distributions learned by deep generative models for audio signals do not exhibit the right properties that are necessary for tasks like audio source separation using a probabilistic approach. We observe that the learned prior distributions are either discriminative and extremely peaked or smooth and non-discriminative. We quantify this behavior for two types of deep generative models on two audio datasets.
Health, housing and assistive technology : Their roles in British Columbia’s elderly independence
Creators: name: Lao, Adrian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Health, housing and much more recently, assistive technology, are key determinants of elderly independence in British Columbia. This thesis discusses these three determinants in some detail, and also stresses their interrelationship with each other. Throughout the entire thesis, the elderly's preference to age-in-place (Blackie, 1986; Wheeler, 1982) is stressed. In the issue of health, the current community-based health care delivery system of the British Columbia Ministry of Health's Continuing Care Division is compared and contrasted with a "counterpart" in the United States: the On Lok Health Services System in San Francisco, California. On Lok is discussed to highlight its effectiveness in delivering a community-based holistic health care system for a group of aging-in-place elderly in need of long term care with relatively low cost. In the issue of housing, the thesis investigates three avenues in which architects can apply their skills to maximize aging-in-place possibilities for our elderly in the context of British Columbia. Constraints by building codes, health care regulations, real estate market expectations and the aging characteristics of British Columbia's elderly are also highlighted to bring context to the discussion. In the issue of assistive technology, given the huge range of product development, the thesis focuses on one particularly interesting communication device - the Videophone. The Videophone is discussed to explore its potential impact for elderly independence, especially for the future.
Narrative structure of A Song of Ice and Fire creates a fictional world with realistic measures of social complexity
Creators: name: Gessey-Jones, Thomas
name: Connaughton, Colm
name: Dunbar, Robin
name: Kenna, Ralph
name: MacCarron, Pádraig
name: O'Conchobhair, Cathal
name: Yose, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network science and data analytics are used to quantify static and dynamic structures in George R.R. Martin's epic novels, A Song of Ice and Fire, works noted for their scale and complexity. By tracking the network of character interactions as the story unfolds, it is found that structural properties remain approximately stable and comparable to real-world social networks. Furthermore, the degrees of the most connected characters reflect a cognitive limit on the number of concurrent social connections that humans tend to maintain. We also analyse the distribution of time intervals between significant deaths measured with respect to the in-story timeline. These are consistent with power-law distributions commonly found in inter-event times for a range of non-violent human activities in the real world. We propose that structural features in the narrative that are reflected in our actual social world help readers to follow and to relate to the story, despite its sprawling extent. It is also found that the distribution of intervals between significant deaths in chapters is different to that for the in-story timeline; it is geometric rather than power law. Geometric distributions are memoryless in that the time since the last death does not inform as to the time to the next. This provides measurable support for the widely held view that significant deaths in A Song of Ice and Fire are unpredictable chapter-by-chapter.
description: 15 pages : main article plus supplemental material
Coupled quintessence inspired by warm inflation
Creators: name: Sá, Paulo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a coupled quintessence cosmological model in which a dark-energy scalar field with an exponential potential interacts directly with a dark-matter fluid through a dissipative term inspired by warm inflation. The evolution equations of this model give rise to a three-dimensional dynamical system for which a thorough qualitative analysis is performed for all values of the relevant parameters. We find that the model is able to replicate the observed sequence of late-time cosmological eras, namely, a long enough matter-dominated era followed by a present era of accelerated expansion. In situations where there is a significant transfer of energy from dark energy to dark matter, temporary scaling-type solutions may arise, but, asymptotically, all solutions are dominated by dark energy.
description: 9 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures, matches published version
Updated pulsation models for BL Herculis stars
Creators: name: Marconi, M.
name: Di Criscienzo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population II pulsatingvariables play a relevant role both as distance indicators and as tracers of the properties of old stellar populations. In this paper we present an update and homogeneous pulsational scenario for a wide range of stellar parameters typical of BL Her stars i.e., Population II Cepheids with periods shorter than 8 days. To this purpose, we adopt a nonlinear convective hydrodinamical code evaluate the stability and full amplitude behaviour of an extensive set of BL Her pulsation models. Various assumptions of mass, luminosity and metallicity consistent with the most recent evolutionary prescriptions, are adopted. We obtain the theoretical instability strip for both fundamental and first overtone pulsators and present a detailed atlas of light/radial-velocity curves. Some relations for the boundaries of the instability strip and for the dependence of the absolute magnitude on period, mass and color, as well as the fundamental period-amplitude relations are derived.Finally, we provide the theoretical period-radius relation for BL Her and find that it is in excellent agreement with the empirical relation by Burki & Meylan and consistent with the one holding for shorter periods for RR Lyrae stars.
description: 7 pages, accepted for publication in A&A
Effects of nerve bundle geometry on neurotrauma evaluation
Creators: name: Cinelli, Ilaria
name: Destrade, Michel
name: McHugh, Peter
name: Duffy, Maeve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: We confirm that alteration of a neuron structure can induce abnormalities in signal propagation for nervous systems, as observed in brain damage. Here, we investigate the effects of geometrical changes and damage of a neuron structure in 2 scaled nerve bundle models, made of myelinated nerve fibers or unmyelinated nerve fibers. Methods: We propose a 3D finite element model of nerve bundles, combining a real-time full electromechanical coupling, a modulated threshold for spiking activation, and independent alteration of the electrical properties for each fiber. We then simulate mechanical compression and tension to induce damage at the membrane of a nerve bundle made of 4 fibers. We examine the resulting changes in strain and neural activity by considering in turn the cases of intact and traumatized nerve membranes. Results: Our results show lower strain and lower electrophysiological impairments in unmyelinated fibers than in myelinated fibers, higher deformation levels in larger bundles, and higher electrophysiological impairments in smaller bundles. Conclusion: We conclude that the insulation sheath of myelin constricts the membrane deformation and scatters plastic strains within the bundle, that larger bundles deform more than small bundles, and that small fibers tolerate a higher level of elongation before mechanical failure.
Vacancy-induced tunable Kondo effect in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Chang, Yueqing
name: Yi, Jinjing
name: Wu, Ang-Kun
name: Kugler, Fabian B.
name: Andrei, Eva Y.
name: Vanderbilt, David
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
name: Pixley, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In single sheets of graphene, vacancy-induced states have been shown to host an effective spin-1/2 hole that can be Kondo-screened at low temperatures. Here, we show how these vacancy-induced impurity states survive in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), which thus provides a tunable system to probe the critical destruction of the Kondo effect in pseudogap hosts. Ab-initio calculations and atomic-scale modeling are used to determine the nature of the vacancy states in the vicinity of the magic angle in TBG, demonstrating that the vacancy can be treated as a quantum impurity. Utilizing this insight, we construct an Anderson impurity model with a TBG host that we solve using the numerical renormalization group combined with the kernel polynomial method. We determine the phase diagram of the model and show how there is a strict dichotomy between vacancies in the AA/BB versus AB/BA tunneling regions. In AB/BA vacancies, the Kondo temperature at the magic angle develops a broad distribution with a tail to vanishing temperatures due to multifractal wavefunctions at the magic angle. We argue that scanning tunneling microscopy in the vicinity of the vacancy can act as a probe of both the critical single-particle states and the underlying many-body ground state in magic-angle TBG.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; including Supplementary Material (11 pages, 12 figures)
Decays of Supersymmetric Particles: the program SUSY-HIT (SUspect-SdecaY-Hdecay-InTerface)
Creators: name: Djouadi, A.
name: Muhlleitner, M. M.
name: Spira, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the program package SUSY-HIT for the computation of supersymmetric particle decays within the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. The code is based on two existing programs HDECAY and SDECAY for the calculation of the decay widths and branching ratios of, respectively, the MSSM Higgs bosons and the SUSY particles, and calls a program for the calculation of the SUSY particle spectrum such as SuSpect. Including all important higher order effects, the package allows the consistent calculation of the MSSM particle spectrum and decays with the presently highest level of precision.
description: 8 pages, no figures