cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gamma-ray production in young open clusters: Berk 87, Cyg OB2 and Westerlund 2
Creators: name: Bednarek, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young open clusters are likely sites of cosmic ray acceleration as indicated by recent detections of the TeV gamma-ray sources in the directions of two open clusters (Cyg OB2 and Westerlund 2) and their directional proximity to some unidentified EGRET sources. In fact, up to now a few different scenarios for acceleration of particles inside open clusters have been considered, i.e. shocks in massive star winds, pulsars and their nebulae, supernova shocks, massive compact binaries. Here we consider in detail the radiation processes due to both electrons and hadrons accelerated inside the open cluster. As a specific scenario, we apply the acceleration process at the shocks arising in the winds of WR type stars. Particles diffuse through the medium of the open cluster during the activity time of the acceleration scenario defined by the age of the WR star. They interact with the matter and radiation, at first inside the open cluster and, later in the dense surrounding clouds. We calculate the broad band spectrum in different processes for three example open clusters (Berk 87, Cyg OB2, Westerlund 2) for which the best observational constraints on the spectra are at present available. It is assumed that the high energy phenomena, observed from the X-ray up to the GeV-TeV gamma-ray energies, are related to each other. We conclude that the most likely description of the radiation processes in these objects is achieved in the hybrid (leptonic-hadronic) model in which leptons are responsible for the observed X-ray and GeV gamma-ray emission and hadrons are responsible for the TeV gamma-ray emission, which is produced directly inside and in dense clouds surrounding the open cluster.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Shear Viscosity at Infinite Coupling: A Field Theory Calculation
Creators: name: Romatschke, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I derive an exact integral expression for the ratio of shear viscosity over entropy density $\fracη{s}$ for the massless (critical) O(N) model at large N with quartic interactions. The calculation is set up and performed entirely from the field theory side using a non-perturbative resummation scheme that captures all contributions to leading order in large N. In 2+1d, $\fracη{s}$ is evaluated numerically at all values of the coupling. For infinite coupling, I find $\fracη{s}\simeq 0.42(1)\times N$. I show that this strong coupling result for the viscosity is universal for a large class of interacting bosonic O(N) models.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure plus supplemental material; v2: fixed typos and buggy code for (84) in v1, corrected eta/s values; v3: typo in (9) corrected, Fig.1 updated (no change in results)
SUSY-GUTs, SUSY-Seesaw and the Neutralino Dark Matter
Creators: name: Calibbi, L.
name: Mambrini, Y.
name: Vempati, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will consider a SUSY-SU(5) with one right-handed neutrino with a large top like Yukawa coupling. Assuming universal soft masses at high scale we compute the low-energy spectrum and subsequently the neutralino LSP relic density taking also into consideration SU(5) as well as the see-saw running effects above the gauge coupling unification scale. We found that there exists no viable region in parameter space for $\tanβ\ler ~35$. The $\tildeτ$ coannihilation process starts becoming efficient for $\tanβ\ger 35-40$. However, this process is significantly constrained by the limited range in which the stau is lighter than the neutralino. In fact, for a given $\tanβ$ we find that there exists an upper bound on the lightest neutralino mass ($M_{χ_1^0}$) in this region. The A-pole funnel region appears at very large $\tanβ\simeq 45-50$, while the focus-point region does not make an appearance till large ($m_0,M_{1/2}$), namely a few TeV. Large $A_0$ terms at high scale can lead to extended regions consistent with WMAP constraints and remove the upper bounds in the stau coannihilation regions.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures; references added, figure added, improved discussions in text, to appear in JHEP
MOESM1 of Mortality of site-specific cancer in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ni, Liwei
name: Wu, Jian
name: Long, Yuming
name: Tao, Jialong
name: Xu, Jianhao
name: Yuan, Xuya
name: Yu, Na
name: Wu, Runhong
name: Zhang, Yusong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Metatrim test of studies included in meta-analysis of breast, lung and prostate cancer. Figure S2. Metaninf test of studies included in meta-analysis of breast, lung and prostate cancer.
Tidal Deformability of Strange Quark Planets and Strange Dwarfs
Creators: name: Wang, Xu
name: Kuerban, Abudushataer
name: Geng, Jin-Jun
name: Xu, Fan
name: Zhang, Xiao-Li
name: Zuo, Bing-Jun
name: Yuan, Wen-Li
name: Huang, Yong-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strange quark matter, which is composed of u, d, and s quarks, could be the true ground of matter. According to this hypothesis, compact stars may actually be strange quark stars, and there may even be stable strange quark dwarfs and strange quark planets. The detection of the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 provides us new clues on the equation of state of compact stars. In this study, the tidal deformability of strange quark planets and strange quark dwarfs are calculated. It is found that the tidal deformability of strange quark objects is smaller than that of normal matter counterparts. For a typical 0.6 M$_\odot$ compact star, the tidal deformability of a strange dwarf is about 1.4 times less than that of a normal white dwarf. The difference is even more significant between strange quark planets and normal matter planets. Additionally, if the strange quark planet is a bare one (i.e., not covered by a normal matter curst), the tidal deformability will be extremely small, which means bare strange quark planets will hardly be distorted by tidal forces. Our study clearly proves the effectiveness of identifying strange quark objects via searching for strange quark planets through gravitational-wave observations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Main conclusions unchanged, final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Intrinsic spin-Hall accumulation in honeycomb lattices: Band structure effects
Creators: name: Liu, Ming-Hao
name: Bihlmayer, Gustav
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Chang, Ching-Ray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local spin and charge densities on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice are calculated by the Landauer-Keldysh formalism (LKF). Through the empirical tight-binding method, we show how the realistic band structure can be brought into the LKF. Taking the Bi(111) surface, on which strong surface states and Rashba spin-orbit coupling are present [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 046403 (2004)], as a numeric example, we show typical intrinsic spin-Hall accumulation (ISHA) patterns thereon. The Fermi-energy-dependence of the spin and charge transport in two-terminal nanostructure samples is subsequently analyzed. By changing E_{F}, we show that the ISHA pattern is nearly isotropic (free-electron-like) only when E_{F} is close to the band bottom, and is sensitive/insensitive to E_{F} for the low/high bias regime with such E_{F}. With E_{F} far from the band bottom, band structure effects thus enter the ISHA patterns and the transport direction becomes significant.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
On the type of triangle groups
Creators: name: Grossi, Carlos H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A35

description: We prove a conjecture of R. Schwartz about the type of some complex hyperbolic triangle groups.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Conserved Quantities from Entanglement Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Lian, Biao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the subregion entanglement Hamiltonians of excited eigenstates of a quantum many-body system are approximately linear combinations of subregionally (quasi)local approximate conserved quantities, with relative commutation errors $\mathcal{O}\left(\frac{\text{subregion boundary area}}{\text{subregion volume}}\right)$. By diagonalizing an entanglement Hamiltonian superdensity matrix (EHSM) for an ensemble of eigenstates, we can obtain these conserved quantities as the EHSM eigen-operators with nonzero eigenvalues. For free fermions, we find the number of nonzero EHSM eigenvalues is cut off around the order of subregion volume, and some of their EHSM eigen-operators can be rather nonlocal, although subregionally quasilocal. In the interacting XYZ model, we numerically find the nonzero EHSM eigenvalues decay roughly in power law if the system is integrable, with the exponent $s\approx 1$ ($s\approx 1.5\sim 2$) if the eigenstates are extended (many-body localized). For fully chaotic systems, only two EHSM eigenvalues are significantly nonzero, the eigen-operators of which correspond to the identity and the subregion Hamiltonian.
description: 7+23 pages, 6+9 figures, extended to a long article
title: Contexte du système éducatif au Luxembourg
Creators: name: Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (STATEC)
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
Vers l'auto-administration des entrepôts de données
Creators: name: Aouiche, Kamel
name: Darmont, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the wide development of databases in general and data warehouses in particular, it is important to reduce the tasks that a database administrator must perform manually. The idea of using data mining techniques to extract useful knowledge for administration from the data themselves has existed for some years. However, little research has been achieved. The aim of this study is to search for a way of extracting useful knowledge from stored data to automatically apply performance optimization techniques, and more particularly indexing techniques. We have designed a tool that extracts frequent itemsets from a given workload to compute an index configuration that helps optimizing data access time. The experiments we performed showed that the index configurations generated by our tool allowed performance gains of 15% to 25% on a test database and a test data warehouse.
description: Version courte de 4 pages
An exploratory study of Google Scholar
Creators: name: Mayr, Philipp
name: Walter, Anne-Kathrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper discusses and analyzes the scientific search service Google Scholar (GS). The focus is on an exploratory study which investigates the coverage of scientific serials in GS. The study shows deficiencies in the coverage and up-to-dateness of the GS index. Furthermore, the study points up which Web servers are the most important data providers for this search service and which information sources are highly represented. We can show that there is a relatively large gap in Google Scholars coverage of German literature as well as weaknesses in the accessibility of Open Access content. Keywords: Search engines, Digital libraries, Worldwide Web, Serials, Electronic journals
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Fundamental thresholds of realistic quantum error correction circuits from classical spin models
Creators: name: Vodola, Davide
name: Rispler, Manuel
name: Kim, Seyong
name: Müller, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mapping quantum error correcting codes to classical disordered statistical mechanics models and studying the phase diagram of the latter has proven a powerful tool to study the fundamental error robustness and associated critical error thresholds of leading quantum error correcting codes under phenomenological noise models. In this work, we extend this mapping to admit realistic, multi-parameter faulty quantum circuits in the description of quantum error correcting codes. Based on the underlying microscopic circuit noise model, we first systematically derive the associated strongly correlated classical spin models. We illustrate this approach in detail for the example of a quantum repetition code in which faulty stabilizer readout circuits are periodically applied. Finally, we use Monte-Carlo simulations to study the resulting phase diagram of the associated interacting spin model and benchmark our results against a minimum-weight perfect matching decoder. The presented method provides an avenue to assess the fundamental thresholds of QEC codes and associated readout circuitry, independent of specific decoding strategies, and can thereby help guiding the development of near-term QEC hardware.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
title: Mathemarmite : un outil de recherche et un jeu vidéo éducatif
Creators: name: Defossez, Aurélien
name: Clocher, Brice
name: Cardoso-Leite, Pedro
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
Saddle point anomaly of Landau levels in graphenelike structures
Creators: name: Nikolaev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying the tight binding model in an applied rational magnetic field (H) we show that in graphene there are very unusual Landau levels situated in the immediate vicinity of the saddle point (M-point) energy epsilon_M. Landau levels around $ε_M$ are broadened into minibands (even in relatively weak magnetic fields ~40-53 T) with the maximal width reaching 0.4-0.5 of the energy separation between two neighboring Landau levels though at all other energies the width of Landau levels is practically zero. In terms of the semiclassical approach a broad Landau level or magnetic miniband at epsilon_M is a manifestation of the so called self-intersecting orbit signifying an abrupt transition from the semiclassical trajectories enclosing the $Γ$ point to the trajectories enclosing the K point in the momentum space. Remarkably, the saddle point virtually does not affect the diamagnetic response of graphene, which is caused mostly by electron states in the vicinity of the Fermi energy ε_F. Experimentally, the effect of the broading of Landau levels can possibly be observed in twisted graphene where two saddle point singularities can be brought close to the Fermi energy.
Experimental search for dynamic heterogeneities in molecular glass formers
Creators: name: Ladieu, François
name: Thibierge, Caroline
name: L'Hôte, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the linear dielectric susceptibility of two molecular glass formers close to Tg in order to estimate the size of the dynamically correlated clusters of molecules which are expected to govern the physics of glass formation. This size has been shown to be related to the dynamic dielectric susceptibility dEps(w)/dT (Eps : dielectric susceptibility, T : temperature, w: frequency). To allow for an accurate determination of the T derivative, we scanned the interval 192 < T < 232 K every 1 K for glycerol and 159 < T < 179 K every 0.5 K for propylene carbonate. The resolution on T variations was about 1 mK. The result for glycerol is that the number of correlated molecules increases by a factor 3 when T goes from 226 to 195 K. It has been shown that the non-linear susceptibility provides a direct measurement of dynamic correlations. To measure it, we used a standard Lockin technique yielding the third harmonic of the current flowing out of a capacitor. We obtained only an upper limit on the ratio of the third to the first harmonic, due to the non-linear response of standard electronics.
description: 7 pages
title: Projet ESERO Luxembourg : conséquences pour la professionnalisation des enseignant(e)s en ce qui concerne l’éducation au développement durable
Creators: name: Andersen, Katja
name: Conrotte, Frederic
name: Trap, Guillaume
name: Battello, Nadia
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
Typogenetics : a logic of artificial propagating entities
Creators: name: Morris, Harold Campbell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis deals with abstract models of propagation (especially, self—replication). As some of these reflector borrow from nature, a summary of biology's current understanding of natural reproduction (mitosis) is provided for background. However, the predominant concern is with entities realized in uninterpreted symbolic systems, and associated philosophical and design problems. Thus the comparison that is made between artificial and natural modes of propagation is intended primarily to enhance conception of the former. Automata constitute one type of formal model. With a simple Turing Table the concept of a self-replicating string is illustrated. The idea of a logical universe in which propagating "virtual" entities emerge and interact is explored with reference to cellular automata. A formal system called Typogenetics provides the centerpiece of this thesis. The system, first presented in an incomplete form in Hofstadter (1979), is here fully developed (augmented with a useful program for personal computers). A Typogenetics string ("strand," in analogy to a DNA strand) codes for operations that act to transform that very strand into descendant strands. Typogenetics strands exhibited include, among others, a pallindromc self-replicator coding for operations sufficient to replicate itself; a "self-perpetuator" deforming and then reforming itself through fully compensatory operations; and an "infinitely fertile" strand bearing an infinitude of unique descendants. Meta-logical proofs establish certain general propositions about the Typogenetics system, e.g. that for every strand there is a mother strand. Redactio reasoning, of potential general is ability beyond Typogenetics, shows how a hypothetical strand can be ruled out by establishing the incommensurability of its two identities qua packet of operations and qua operand. A Russellian—type paradoxical strand that has all and only the non—self-replicating strands for offspring is considered (is it a self—replicator?), spurring discussion of the Theory of Types and Hofstadter's "strange loops."
Enhanced Doubly Robust Learning for Debiasing Post-click Conversion Rate Estimation
Creators: name: Guo, Siyuan
name: Zou, Lixin
name: Liu, Yiding
name: Ye, Wenwen
name: Cheng, Suqi
name: Wang, Shuaiqiang
name: Chen, Hechang
name: Yin, Dawei
name: Chang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Post-click conversion, as a strong signal indicating the user preference, is salutary for building recommender systems. However, accurately estimating the post-click conversion rate (CVR) is challenging due to the selection bias, i.e., the observed clicked events usually happen on users' preferred items. Currently, most existing methods utilize counterfactual learning to debias recommender systems. Among them, the doubly robust (DR) estimator has achieved competitive performance by combining the error imputation based (EIB) estimator and the inverse propensity score (IPS) estimator in a doubly robust way. However, inaccurate error imputation may result in its higher variance than the IPS estimator. Worse still, existing methods typically use simple model-agnostic methods to estimate the imputation error, which are not sufficient to approximate the dynamically changing model-correlated target (i.e., the gradient direction of the prediction model). To solve these problems, we first derive the bias and variance of the DR estimator. Based on it, a more robust doubly robust (MRDR) estimator has been proposed to further reduce its variance while retaining its double robustness. Moreover, we propose a novel double learning approach for the MRDR estimator, which can convert the error imputation into the general CVR estimation. Besides, we empirically verify that the proposed learning scheme can further eliminate the high variance problem of the imputation learning. To evaluate its effectiveness, extensive experiments are conducted on a semi-synthetic dataset and two real-world datasets. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over the state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/guosyjlu/MRDR-DL.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted by SIGIR 2021
Critical Currents in quantum Hall conductors with antidot arrays
Creators: name: Nachtwei, G.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Lütjering, G.
name: Gerhardts, R.
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Klitzing, K.
name: Eberl, K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We have investigated the abrupt onset of dissipation in the quantum Hall effect (QHE) in antidot arrays patterned on a two- dimensional electron system. Different lateral configurations (periodic or aperiodic antidot arrays, and single lines of antidots, with diameters between 40 and 100 nm and periods or average spacings between 300 and 1500 nm) show remarkable differences in their non-Ohmic transport properties. In periodic arrays with large antidot diameter (lithographic diameter 100 nm), the breakdown current is systematically reduced with increasing antidot density and determined by the peak value of the local current density. From these measurements, we determined the depletion width around the antidots. In aperiodic arrays, the breakdown current is markedly lower than in periodic arrays of the same antidot size and density due to higher local values of the current density at the same total current. This was experimentally confirmed by measurements of the current dependence of the electron temperature in periodic and aperiodic arrays. Single lines of antidots, placed across the direction of current flow, cause only a small reduction of the breakdown current in comparison with unpatterned reference areas. This is in accordance with the picture of avalanche electron heating for the breakdown of the QHE, where the electrons reach a quasistationary, elevated temperature only after travel distances of several 10 ìm in a supercritical electric Hall field. In antidot lattices with very small antidot diameter (40 nm) and small lattice period (300 nm), the antidots provide additional inelastic scattering, which effectively suppresses the electron heating. This effect overcompensates the geometrical effect of the antidots and was experimentally verified by the observation of higher breakdown currents compared to the reference area. A complete absence of a hot- electron-induced hysteresis in the current- voltage characteristics was observed for this type of array.
Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect in Periodic and Aperiodic Antidot Arrays
Creators: name: Nachtwei, G.
name: Lütjering, G.
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Liu, Z.
name: Klitzing, K.
name: Foxon, C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We have studied the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures with antidot arrays as a function of the density and distribution of antidots. For periodic arrays (lithographic antidot diameter 100 nm) and periods from 400 to 1000 nm, the breakdown current is systematically reduced with increasing antidot density and determined by the peak value of the local current density. In aperiodic arrays, the breakdown current is markedly lower than in periodic arrays of the same antidot density due to higher local current densities at the same total current.
D3.3 Report on regulatory options
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Rowena
name: Panagiotopoulos, Adam
name: Lundgren, Björn
name: Shaelou, Stephanie Laulhe
name: Grant, Amy
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This report reviews various regulatory options that support the ethical and/or responsible development of smart information systems (AI and big data). Its insights will be useful to policymakers as a guide to making policy and regulatory decisions. It presents snapshots of policy and other stakeholder perspectives on the regulation of AI and big data and discusses how AI challenges regulation. It also looks at EU aspirations for better law-making and presents key considerations for regulating AI and big data. The study adopted a wide, inclusive understanding of ‘regulatory options’ to cover proposals for laws, bodies and other regulatory tools and mechanisms. Well-established legislation has been excluded.
Laniakea Shaping and Developing a Cloud-based bioinformatic platform
Creators: name: Mandreoli, Pietro
name: Tangaro, Marco Antonio
name: Chiara, Matteo
name: Donvito, Giacinto
name: Antonacci, Marica
name: Pesole, Graziano
name: Zambelli, Federico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: bioinformatics
EOSC
Open Science

description: PhD Workshop 2021 UNIMI, 7-8 October Galaxy is currently the prevailing workflow manager for bioinformatics thanks to its many useful features and a user-friendly interface. While several Galaxy public services are available to researchers, either for general purpose or dedicated to specific research domains, there are still many scenarios where a private Galaxy instance is necessary or preferable, including heavy data analysis workloads, data privacy concerns or specific customisation needs. Cloud computing gives the possibility to the scientific community to have access to state-of-the-art computational resources without having to worry about hardware installation, configuration and maintenance. This characteristic is extremely useful in scientific fields, including life science, that deal with large amounts of data and need a lot of computational and storage resources to analyse them. Cloud computing technology is a promising solution to this problem allowing small laboratories and even large institutions to have access to adequate IT resources without the need of establishing and maintaining complex and expensive computational infrastructures. Laniakea is a software framework that facilitates the provisioning of on-demand Galaxy instances as a cloud service over e-infrastructures, by leveraging the open-source software platform developed by the INDIGO-DataCloud H2020 project, which aimed to make cloud e-infrastructures more accessible by scientific communities. End-users interact with Laniakea through a web front-end allowing a general setup of a Galaxy instance. The deployment of the virtual hardware and of the Galaxy software ecosystem is subsequently performed by the INDIGO Platform as a Service layer. At the end of the process, the user gains access to a private, production-grade,fully customisable, Galaxy virtual instance.
Superradiance and multiple scattering of photons in atomic gases
Creators: name: Gero, A.
name: Akkermans, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of cooperative effects such as superradiance and subradiance, on the scattering properties of dilute atomic gases. We show that cooperative effects lead to an effective potential between pairs of atoms that decays like $1/r$. In the case of superradiance, this potential is attractive for close enough atoms and can be interpreted as a coherent mesoscopic effect. We consider a model of multiple scattering of a photon among superradiant pairs and calculate the elastic mean free path and the group velocity. We study first the case of a scalar wave which allows to obtain and to understand basic features of cooperative effects and multiple scattering. We then turn to the general problem of a vector wave. In both cases, we obtain qualitatively similar results and derive, for the case of a scalar wave, analytic expressions of the elastic mean free path and of the group velocity for an arbitrary (near resonance) detuning.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV in the fully hadronic final state
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the fully hadronic final state is presented. The analysis is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is focused on heavy resonances, where the decay products of each top quark or W boson are expected to be reconstructed as a single, large-radius jet with a distinct substructure. The production of an excited bottom quark, b*, is used as a benchmark when setting limits on the cross section for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson. The hypotheses of b* quarks with left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like chiralities are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 2.6, 2.8, and 3.1 TeV, respectively. These are the most stringent limits on the b* quark mass to date, extending the previous best limits by almost a factor of two.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/B2G-19-003 (CMS Public Pages)
D3.3 Report on regulatory options
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Rowena
name: Panagiotopoulos, Adam
name: Lundgren, Björn
name: Shaelou, Stephanie Laulhe
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This report reviews various regulatory options that support the ethical and/or responsible development of smart information systems (AI and big data). Its insights will be useful to policymakers as a guide to making policy and regulatory decisions. It presents snapshots of policy and other stakeholder perspectives on the regulation of AI and big data and discusses how AI challenges regulation. It also looks at EU aspirations for better law-making and presents key considerations for regulating AI and big data. The study adopted a wide, inclusive understanding of ‘regulatory options’ to cover proposals for laws, bodies and other regulatory tools and mechanisms. Well-established legislation has been excluded.
Trees and crops: making the most of the space - Drzewa i uprawy: optymalne wykorzystanie przestrzeni
Creators: name: Westaway, S.
name: Smith, J.
name: Borek, R.
name: Wojdat, A.
name: Jędrejek, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: understorey management
shade-tolerant herbs
biodiversity
zarządzanie warstwą podokapową
cieniolubne zioła
bioróżnorodność

description: W wielu systemach rolno-leśnych, obszar pomiędzy drzewami i pod drzewostanem jest przestrzenią niezarządzaną i nieużytkowaną. Może to stwarzać problemy z zachwaszczeniem. Przestrzeń ta może być wykorzystana produktywnie
poprzez wysiew/zasadzenie roślin, które są dostosowane do zacienionych warunków. Ponadto, przestrzeń pod koronami może poprawiać bioróżnorodność, zapewniając siedlisko dla pożytecznych owadów oraz źródło pożywienia dla owadów zapylających uprawy.
W przypadku ogrodniczych systemów rolno-leśnych, warstwę podokapową można wykorzystywać do sadzenia kwiatów ciętych, rabarbaru, czy karczochów kulistych. Są to uprawy, które rozwijają się w cieniu i mogą być sprzedawane
razem z innymi produktami rolnymi. Można również zasiać dzikie gatunki kwiatów, specjalnie wyselekcjonowane w celu zwabienia owadów zapylających i zapewnienia siedliska dla pożytecznych owadów drapieżnych.
Cape Gardiner Water Front Lots, J. Edward Breuer Auction Ad, 1935
Creators: name: Springs Historical Society/Library
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1935
Subjects: Springs
East Hampton
Auctioneers
Auctions
Land
Gardiner Family
Long Island

description: Advertisement for J. Edwards Breuer Auction of 250 water front lots on Cape Gardiner in August1935.
description: This material was lent to the Long Island Collection by the Springs Historical Society Library for digitization purposes.
ChSch9 is required for infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity in Colletotrichum higginsianum
Creators: name: Sohail, Muhammad Aamir
name: Yuan, Qinfeng
name: Yan, Yaqin
name: Huang, Junbin
name: Hsiang, Tom
name: Zheng, Lu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Colletotrichum higginsianum is an economically important anthracnose pathogen of crucifers that causes losses worldwide. For comprehensive control of anthracnose disease, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of pathogenicity in C. higginsianum. The Ser/Thr kinase Sch9 belonging to the AGC (protein kinase A, G, and C) kinase family, commonly found in eukaryotes, plays a vital role in various cell signalling pathways and development. However, it has not been studied in Colletotrichum species. Three domains, Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (C2), Serine/Threonine protein kinase catalytic (S_TKc) and Extension to Ser/Thr-type protein kinases (S_TK_X), were identified in the C. higginsianum Sch9 (ChSch9) protein. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ChSch9 is closely related to the AGC kinase family, which is conserved in fungi. Deletion of ChSch9 caused defects in hyphal morphology, growth and conidiation. In addition, deletion of ChSch9 was associated with reduced tolerance to hyperosmotic, cell wall and oxidative stresses in C. higginsianum, and ChSch9 deletion mutants were more tolerant to heat. Furthermore, we found that ChSch9 might be involved in the pyruvate–acetaldehyde fermentation pathway. Importantly, deletion of ChSch9 led to a reduction in appressoria and infective hyphae formation, resulting in defects in virulence. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that ChSch9 is required for infection-related morphogenesis and virulence in C. higginsianum.
Robust partial Fourier reconstruction for diffusion-weighted imaging using a recurrent convolutional neural network
Creators: name: Gadjimuradov, Fasil
name: Benkert, Thomas
name: Nickel, Marcel Dominik
name: Maier, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: To develop an algorithm for robust partial Fourier (PF) reconstruction applicable to diffusion-weighted (DW) images with non-smooth phase variations. Methods: Based on an unrolled proximal splitting algorithm, a neural network architecture is derived which alternates between data consistency operations and regularization implemented by recurrent convolutions. In order to exploit correlations, multiple repetitions of the same slice are jointly reconstructed under consideration of permutation-equivariance. The algorithm is trained on DW liver data of 60 volunteers and evaluated on retrospectively and prospectively sub-sampled data of different anatomies and resolutions. Results: The proposed method is able to significantly outperform conventional PF techniques on retrospectively sub-sampled data in terms of quantitative measures as well as perceptual image quality. In this context, joint reconstruction of repetitions as well as the particular type of recurrent network unrolling are found to be beneficial with respect to reconstruction quality. On prospectively PF-sampled data, the proposed method enables DW imaging with higher signal without sacrificing image resolution or introducing additional artifacts. Alternatively, it can be used to counter the TE increase in acquisitions with higher resolution. Further, generalizability can be shown to prospective brain data exhibiting anatomies and contrasts not present in the training set. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that robust PF reconstruction of DW data is feasible even at strong PF factors in anatomies prone to phase variations. Since the proposed method does not rely on smoothness priors of the phase but uses learned recurrent convolutions instead, artifacts of conventional PF methods can be avoided.
description: Revisions made as required for appearance in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
title: L’éducation au développement durable dans les manuels scolaires luxembourgeois : résultats de l’étude TAPSE
Creators: name: Andersen, Katja
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
Parallel Distribution of Asynchronous Optical Signals
Creators: name: White, R J
name: Rose, H J
name: Bradbury, S M
name: Marshall, P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An eleven channel digital asynchronous transceiver (DAT) employing parallel optical link technology has been developed for trigger signal distribution across the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). Combinatorial logic functions are implemented in Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGAs, providing a versatile solution adaptable for use in future atmospheric Cerenkov detectors and other high-energy astroparticle experiments. The device is dead-time free and introduces a minimal skew of 1.6 ns between channels. The jitter on each DAT channel is less than 0.8 ns 95% of the time, allowing communication between telescopes and a central trigger system separated by hundreds of meters, without limiting array performance.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Constant-degree graph expansions that preserve the treewidth
Creators: name: Markov, Igor
name: Shi, Yaoyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.2

description: Many hard algorithmic problems dealing with graphs, circuits, formulas and constraints admit polynomial-time upper bounds if the underlying graph has small treewidth. The same problems often encourage reducing the maximal degree of vertices to simplify theoretical arguments or address practical concerns. Such degree reduction can be performed through a sequence of splittings of vertices, resulting in an _expansion_ of the original graph. We observe that the treewidth of a graph may increase dramatically if the splittings are not performed carefully. In this context we address the following natural question: is it possible to reduce the maximum degree to a constant without substantially increasing the treewidth? Our work answers the above question affirmatively. We prove that any simple undirected graph G=(V, E) admits an expansion G'=(V', E') with the maximum degree <= 3 and treewidth(G') <= treewidth(G)+1. Furthermore, such an expansion will have no more than 2|E|+|V| vertices and 3|E| edges; it can be computed efficiently from a tree-decomposition of G. We also construct a family of examples for which the increase by 1 in treewidth cannot be avoided.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, the main result used by quant-ph/0511070
Triple-$q$ quadrupole-octupole order scenario for PrV$_2$Al$_{20}$
Creators: name: Ishitobi, Takayuki
name: Hattori, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose novel triple-${\bm q}$ multipole orders as possible candidates for the two distinct low-temperature symmetry broken phases in quadrupolar system PrV$_2$Al$_{20}$. An analysis of the experiment under [111] magnetic fields indicates that the {\it ferro} octupole moments in the lower temperature phase arise from the {\it antiferro} octupole interactions. We demonstrate that the triple-${\bm q}$ multipole orders can solve this seemingly inconsistent issue. Anisotropies of quadrupole moments stabilize a triple-${\bm q}$ order, which further leads to the second transition to a coexisting phase with triple-${\bm q}$ octupole moments. The cubic invariant of quadrupole moments formed by the triple-${\bm q}$ components and the characteristic couplings with the octupole moments in their free energy play important roles. We analyze a multipolar exchange model by mean-field approximation and discuss the temperature and magnetic field phase diagrams. Many of the microscopic results, such as the number of phases and the magnitudes of critical fields in the phase diagrams, are qualitatively consistent with the experiments in PrV$_2$Al$_{20}$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Le système scolaire luxembourgeois et ses écoles
Creators: name: Backes, Susanne
name: Lenz, Thomas
Publisher: name: Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET) & Service de Coordination de la Recherche et de l’Innovation pédagogiques et technologiques (SCRIPT)
Year: 2021

description: Rapport national sur l’éducation Luxembourg 2021
MgB2 single crystals substituted with Li and with Li-C: Structural and superconducting properties
Creators: name: Karpinski, J.
name: Zhigadlo, N.
name: Katrych, S.
name: Batlogg, B.
name: Tortello, M.
name: Rogacki, K.
name: Puzniak, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of Li substitution for Mg and of Li-C co-substitution on the superconducting properties and crystal structure of MgB2 single crystals has been investigated. It has been found that hole doping with Li decreases the superconducting transition temperature Tc, but at a slower rate than electron doping with C or Al. Tc of MgB2 crystals with simultaneously substituted Li for Mg and C for B decreases more than in the case where C is substituted alone. This means that holes introduced by Li cannot counterbalance the effect of decrease of Tc caused by introduction of electrons coming from C. The possible reason of it can be that holes coming from Li occupy the pi band while electrons coming from C fill the sigma band. The temperature dependences of the upper critical field Hc2 for Al and Li substituted crystals with the same Tc show a similar dHc2/dT slope at Tc and a similar Hc2(T) behavior, despite of much different substitution level. This indicates that the mechanism controlling Hc2 and Tc is similar in both hole and electron doped crystals. Electrical transport measurements show an increase of resistivity both in Li substituted crystals and in Li and C co-substituted crystals. This indicates enhanced scattering due to defects introduced by substitutions including distortion of the lattice. The observed behavior can be explained as a result of two effects, influencing both Tc and Hc2. The first one is doping related to the changes in the carrier concentration, which may lead to the decrease or to the increase of Tc. The second one is related to the introduction of new scattering centers leading to the modification of the interband and/or intraband scattering and therefore, to changes in the superconducting gaps and to the reduction of Tc.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures, submitted to PRB
Critical thinking, rationality, and social practices
Creators: name: Selman, Mark R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Critical thinking is a widely shared educational goal which has been granted more explicit attention than ever in recent years. Five major approaches to this area of educational concern have been influential to the development of educational practices, research programs, and conceptualization in the field. Three of these approaches (the 'process' or basic skills approach, the problem solving approach, and the logic approach) are found to be based on unfounded assumptions about the nature of reasoning and thinking, and inadequate attention to the purposes which make critical thinking such a widely accepted educational goal. A fourth (the information processing approach) is found to involve instances of reductionism which render incoherent many of the terms with which we understand and assess our own reasoning, and that of others. The fifth approach (the multi-aspect approach associated with Robert Ennis) is not so essentially flawed, but is found to contain some significant problems. Most notably there is a problem with fixing the reference of 'mental abilities' (which is essential for the issue of generalizability of critical thinking abilities) and with understanding the relationship between judgment and the other aspects of critical thinking. It is argued that writers in the field of critical thinking generally have tried to purchase objectivity for their conceptions by connecting them with the ideal of disengaged knowledge, either as exemplified by the study of formal logic or the natural sciences. It is argued that, in contrast with this approach, we ought to recognize that values and value judgments are at the heart of critical thinking. The ideal of disengagement tends to interfere with our understanding of thinking as a normative (rule-governed) activity grounded in our social practices. This thesis argues for the adoption of a realist position with regard to values, an expressivist understanding of language, an interpretive stance toward the study of rationality, and a social constructivist conception of rules. Some consequences of these positions for instruction, teacher preparation, and future research are suggested.