cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Personalized PageRank to a Target Node, Revisited
Creators: name: Wang, Hanzhi
name: Wei, Zhewei
name: Gan, Junhao
name: Wang, Sibo
name: Huang, Zengfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Personalized PageRank (PPR) is a widely used node proximity measure in graph mining and network analysis. Given a source node $s$ and a target node $t$, the PPR value $π(s,t)$ represents the probability that a random walk from $s$ terminates at $t$, and thus indicates the bidirectional importance between $s$ and $t$. The majority of the existing work focuses on the single-source queries, which asks for the PPR value of a given source node $s$ and every node $t \in V$. However, the single-source query only reflects the importance of each node $t$ with respect to $s$. In this paper, we consider the {\em single-target PPR query}, which measures the opposite direction of importance for PPR. Given a target node $t$, the single-target PPR query asks for the PPR value of every node $s\in V$ to a given target node $t$. We propose RBS, a novel algorithm that answers approximate single-target queries with optimal computational complexity. We show that RBS improves three concrete applications: heavy hitters PPR query, single-source SimRank computation, and scalable graph neural networks. We conduct experiments to demonstrate that RBS outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of both efficiency and precision on real-world benchmark datasets.
description: ACM SIGKDD 2020
Spin in the Worldline Path Integral in 2+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Fosco, C. D.
name: Sanchez-Guillen, J.
name: Vazquez, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a worldline path integral for the effective action and propagator of a Dirac field in 2+1 dimensions in an Abelian gauge field background. Integrating over an auxiliary gauge group variable we derive a worldline action depending only on $x(τ)$, the spacetime paths. We show that that action is a combination of a kinetic term plus a spin action. The first is proportional to $δ[\dot{x}^2(τ)- 1]$. The second agrees exactly with the spin action one should expect for a spin-1/2 field.
description: 23 pages, no figures. Version extended with some applications and a more detailed explanation of the classical limit
Additional file 1 of Bibliometric analysis of global research output on antimicrobial resistance in the environment (2000–2019)
Creators: name: Sweileh, Waleed M.
name: Mansour, Ahmad Moh’d
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Price and Profit Regulation in Developing and Transition Economies, Methods Used and Problems Faced: A Survey of the Regulators
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, Colin
name: Parker, David
name: Zhang, Yin-Fang
name: Kirkpatrick, Colin
name: Parker, David
name: Zhang, Yin-Fang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: developing economies
subject: transition economies
subject: regulation
subject: rate of return
subject: price cap.

description: Rate of return or cost of service regulation was the traditional means by which governments, especially in the USA, regulated profitability and prices in privately-owned public utility businesses. However, rate of return regulation was associated with efficiency disincentives. Hence, in 1983 Professor Stephen Littlechild recommended the use of a price cap to regulate British Telecom when it was privatised. Price caps were later introduced for other privatised utilities in the UK, namely gas, airports, water, electricity and the railways. Similarly, other countries that privatised their utility sectors in the 1980s and 1990s often introduced price cap regimes. This paper reports the results of a questionnaire survey of the methods used to regulate profits and prices in privatised utility sectors in a sample of developing and transition economies. In addition to providing an insight into the different methods used in these economies, the questionnaire focuses on the difficulties that their regulators perceive in operating profit and price regulation regimes.
[Letter from Karl August Theodor Reinbold]
Creators: name: Reinbold, Karl August Theodor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1906
Subjects: Werth, Emil Albert Karl August
Vanhöffen, Ernst

description: Is grateful for the little box. Has written to Vanhöffen about the request. Has finished the list of Valdivia algae for publication, and hopes to begin the Gauss collection.
From Intent to Action: Nudging Users Towards Secure Mobile Payments
Creators: name: Story, Peter
name: Smullen, Daniel
name: Acquisti, Alessandro
name: Cranor, Lorrie
name: Sadeh-Koniecpol, Norman
name: Schaub, Florian
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Despite experts agreeing on many security best practices, there remains a gap between their advice and users' behavior. One example is the low adoption of secure mobile payments in the United States, despite widespread prevalence of credit and debit card fraud. Prior work has proposed nudging interventions to help users adopt security experts' recommendations. We designed and tested nudging interventions based on protection motivation theory (PMT) and implementation intentions (II) to encourage participants to use secure mobile payments. We designed the interventions using an interview study with 20 participants, and then tested them in a longitudinal, between-subjects field experiment with 411 participants. In one condition, drawing on PMT, we informed participants about the threat of card fraud and the protection offered by mobile payments. In a second condition, we combined the PMT intervention with an II-based intervention, and asked participants to formulate a plan to make a mobile payment in the week ahead. A third condition acted as a control. Both PMT-only and PMT+II interventions made participants more likely to make mobile payments relative to the control group. The results suggest that PMT and implementation intention-based nudges can help people translate their desire to behave securely into actual behavior.
Presented at the 16th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Homogeneous Focusing Field for Short Relativistic Electron Bunches in Plasma
Creators: name: Maslov, V. I.
name: Levchuk, I. P.
name: Bondar, D. S.
name: Onishchenko, I. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.1
subject: 65Z05

description: Plasma wake lens in which all short relativistic electron bunches of sequence are focused identically and uniformly is studied analytically and by numerical simulation. For two types of lenses necessary parameters of focused sequence of relativistic electron bunches are formulated. Verification of these parameters is performed by numerical simulation.
On the definition of temperature using time--averages
Creators: name: Carati, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a natural continuation of a previous one by the author, which was concerned with the foundations of statistical thermodynamics far from equilibrium. One of the problems left open in that paper was the correct definition of temperature. In the literature, temperature is in general defined through the mean kinetic energy of the particles of a given system. In this paper, instead, temperature is defined "a la Caratheodory", the system being coupled to a heat bath, and temperature being singled out as the ``right'' integrating factor of the exchanged heat. As a byproduct, the ``right'' expression for the entropy is also obtained. In particular, in the case of a q-distributions the entropy turns out to be that of Tsallis, which we however show to be additive, at variance with what is usually maintained.
Additional file 4 of The SLC36 transporter Pathetic is required for neural stem cell proliferation and for brain growth under nutrition restriction
Creators: name: Shiyun Feng
name: Zacharioudaki, Evanthia
name: Millen, Kat
name: Bray, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4 Fig. S4. Path[NRE} expression is detected in NBs that have exited quiescence. Expression of Path[NRE]-GFP is only detected in a subset of Dpn and Miranda expressing NBS at 24 h ALH. Small quiescent and recently re-activated NBs have not yet initiated expression (e.g. white arrowheads).
Studying Boojums in N=2 Theory with Walls and Vortices
Creators: name: Auzzi, R.
name: Shifman, M.
name: Yung, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study 1/2 BPS domain walls, 1/2 BPS flux tubes (strings) and their 1/4 BPS junctions. We consider the simplest example of N=2 Abelian gauge theory with two charged matter hypermultiplets which contains all of the above-listed extended objects. In particular, we focus on string-wall junctions (boojums) and calculate their energy. It turns out to be logarithmically divergent in the infrared domain. We compute this energy first in the (2+1)-dimensional effective theory on the domain wall and then, as a check, obtain the same result from the point of view of (3+1)-dimensional bulk theory. Next, we study interactions of boojums considering all possible geometries of string-wall junctions and directions of the string magnetic fluxes.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, v2 references added
The physics of active polymers and filaments
Creators: name: Winkler, Roland G.
name: Gompper, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active matter agents consume internal energy or extract energy from the environment for locomotion and force generation. Already rather generic models, such as ensembles of active Brownian particles, exhibit phenomena, which are absent at equilibrium, in particular motility-induced phase separation and collective motion. Further intriguing nonequilibrium effects emerge in assemblies of bound active agents as in linear polymers or filaments. The interplay of activity and conformational degrees of freedom gives rise to novel structural and dynamical features of individual polymers as well as in interacting ensembles. Such out-of-equilibrium polymers are an integral part of living matter, ranging from biological cells with filaments propelled by motor proteins in the cytoskeleton, and RNA/DNA in the transcription process, to long swarming bacteria and worms such as Proteus mirabilis and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively. Even artificial active polymers have been synthesized. The emergent properties of active polymers or filaments depend on the coupling of the active process to their conformational degrees of freedom, aspects which are addressed in this article. The theoretical models for tangentially and isotropically self-propelled or active-bath driven polymers are presented, both in presence and absence of hydrodynamic interactions. The consequences for their conformational and dynamical properties are examined, emphasizing the strong influence of the coupling between activity and hydrodynamic interactions. Particular features of emerging phenomena, induced by steric and hydrodynamic interactions, are highlighted. Various important, yet theoretically unexplored, aspects are featured and future challenges are discussed.
description: The following article has been accepted by The Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/journal/jcp
Additional file 5 of The SLC36 transporter Pathetic is required for neural stem cell proliferation and for brain growth under nutrition restriction
Creators: name: Shiyun Feng
name: Zacharioudaki, Evanthia
name: Millen, Kat
name: Bray, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5 Fig. S5: Path[GFP] persists under NR condition. Path[GFP] expression in the indicated conditions: 72 h ALH fed (A&B), 120 h ALH fed (C&D) and NR from 72 h to 120 h ALH (E&F). (A,C,E) dorsal surface, brain lobes (A’,C′,E’) middle-plane, brain lobes, (A”,C″,E”) ventral surface, brain lobes. (B,D,F) ventral surface, VNC. NBs are marked with Dpn (red), neurons are marked with Pros (blue). Scale bar, 100 μm.
Coupling of ion and network dynamics in lithium silicate glasses: a computer study
Creators: name: Kunow, Magnus
name: Heuer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the ion hopping dynamics and the related nearby oxygen dynamics in a lithium meta silicate glass via molecular dynamics simulation. For this purpose we have developed numerical techniques to identify ion hops and to sample and average dynamic information of the particles involved. This leads to an instructive insight into the microscopic interplay of ions and network. It turns out that the cooperative dynamics of lithium and oxygen can be characterized as a sliding door mechanism. It is rationalized why the local network fluctuations are of utmost importance for the lithium dynamics.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
A system of axioms for Minkowski spacetime
Creators: name: Cocco, Lorenzo
name: Babic, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an elementary system of axioms for the geometry of Minkowski spacetime. It strikes a balance between a simple and streamlined set of axioms and the attempt to give a direct formalization in first-order logic of the standard account of Minkowski spacetime in [Maudlin 2012] and [Malament, unpublished]. It is intended for future use in the formalization of physical theories in Minkowski spacetime. The choice of primitives is in the spirit of [Tarski 1959]: a predicate of betwenness and a four place predicate to compare the square of the relativistic intervals. Minkowski spacetime is described as a four dimensional `vector space' that can be decomposed everywhere into a spacelike hyperplane - which obeys the Euclidean axioms in [Tarski and Givant, 1999] - and an orthogonal timelike line. The length of other `vectors' are calculated according to Pythagoras' theorem. We conclude with a Representation Theorem relating models $\mathfrak{M}$ of our system $\mathcal{M}^1$ that satisfy second order continuity to the mathematical structure $\langle \mathbb{R}^{4}, η_{ab}\rangle$, called `Minkowski spacetime' in physics textbooks.
description: 40 pages, 30 figures, forthcoming article
Aggregates relaxation in a jamming colloidal suspension after shear cessation
Creators: name: Ianni, F.
name: Lasne, D.
name: Sarcia, R.
name: Hebraud, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reversible aggregates formation in a shear thickening, concentrated colloidal suspension is investigated through speckle visibility spectroscopy, a dynamic light scattering technique recently introduced [P.K. Dixon and D.J. Durian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 184302 (2003)]. Formation of particles aggregates is observed in the jamming regime, and their relaxation after shear cessation is monitored as a function of the applied shear stress. The aggregates relaxation time increases when a larger stress is applied. Several phenomena have been proposed to interpret this behavior: an increase of the aggregates size and volume fraction, or a closer packing of the particles in the aggregates.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures; added figures included in the pdf version
Competition, Regulation and Privatisation of Electricity Generation in Developing Countries: Does the Sequencing of the Reforms Matter?
Creators: name: Zhang, Yingang
name: Parker, David
name: Kirkpatrick, Colin
name: Zhang, Yingang
name: Parker, David
name: Kirkpatrick, Colin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: privatisation
subject: competition
subject: regulation
subject: developing economies
subject: economic performance.

description: Recent years have seen countries introducing reform of their utility industries with a view to promoting private ownership and competition. This paper studies the effect of the sequencing of privatisation, competition and regulation reforms in electricity generation using data from 25 developing countries for the period 1985 to 2001. A fixed effects panel data model is used. The study finds that establishing an independent regulatory authority and introducing competition before privatisation is correlated with higher electricity generation, higher generation capacity and, in the case of the sequence of competition before privatisation, improved capital utilisation.
English pre-trained models for the STEPS dependency parser
Creators: name: Grünewald, Stefan
name: Friedrich, Annemarie
name: Kuhn, Jonas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: dependency parsing
syntactic parsing
NLP
natural language processing

description: Pre-trained models to parse English text using the STEPS dependency parser (https://github.com/boschresearch/steps-parser).
description: {"references": ["Gr\u00fcnewald et al. (2021). https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12699"]}
Stability of Néel-type skyrmion lattice against oblique magnetic fields in GaV$_4$S$_8$ and GaV$_4$Se$_8$
Creators: name: Gross, B.
name: Philipp, S.
name: Geirhos, K.
name: Mehlin, A.
name: Tsurkan, S. Bordács V.
name: Leonov, A.
name: Kézsmárki, I.
name: Poggio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orientation of Néel-type skyrmions in the lacunar spinels GaV$_4$S$_8$ and GaV$_4$Se$_8$ is tied to the polar axes of their underlying crystal structure through the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. In these crystals, the skyrmion lattice phase exists for externally applied magnetic fields parallel to these axes and withstands oblique magnetic fields up to some critical angle. Here, we map out the stability of the skyrmion lattice phase in both crystals as a function of field angle and magnitude using dynamic cantilever magnetometry. The measured phase diagrams reproduce the major features predicted by a recent theoretical model, including a reentrant cycloidal phase in GaV$_4$Se$_8$. Nonetheless, we observe a greater robustness of the skyrmion phase to oblique fields, suggesting possible refinements to the model. Besides identifying transitions between the cycloidal, skyrmion lattice, and ferromagnetic states in the bulk, we measure additional anomalies in GaV$_4$Se$_8$ and assign them to magnetic states confined to polar structural domain walls.
description: 11 pages and 7 figures
Regulation and the Privatisation of Water Services in Developing Countries: Assessing the Impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, Colin
name: Parker, David
name: Kirkpatrick, Colin
name: Parker, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: water services
subject: GATS
subject: developing countries
subject: privatisation.

description: Trade liberalisation of environmental services under the current WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has been widely advocated as a means of increasing private sector participation in the water sector in developing countries. The liberalisation of water services in lower income countries is expected to promote more efficient operation, increase investment and improve service coverage. At the same time, these proposals have been widely criticised, and there has been growing resistance to the liberalisation of water services. This study reviews the evidence on the impact of private sector involvement in the provision of water services in developing countries. A number of reasons why water privatisation may prove problematic in lower-income countries are identified, including transaction costs and possible regulatory weaknesses. Recognising that effective regulation is needed to ensure that the potential gains from private involvement are fully realised, the paper then considers the relationship between national regulatory autonomy and GATS liberalisation. The study concludes that developing countries with limited regulatory resources should adopt a cautious approach to public services liberalisation, by sequencing market liberalisation measures to match the development of their regulatory institutional capacity. The paper also argues for improved clarity in the interpretation of the GATS provisions on the right of members to exercise national regulatory policy.
Keck Deep Fields. II. The UV Galaxy Luminosity Function at z~4, 3, and 2
Creators: name: Sawicki, Marcin
name: Thompson, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use very deep UGRI multi-field imaging obtained at the Keck telescope to study the evolution of the rest-frame 1700A galaxy luminosity function as the Universe doubles its age from z~4 to z~2. The depth of our imaging allows us to constrain the faint end of the luminosity function reaching M_1700A ~ -18.5 at z~3 (equivalent to ~1M_sun/yr) accounting for both N^1/2 uncertainty in the number of galaxies and for cosmic variance. We carefully examine many potential sources of systematic bias in our LF measurements before drawing the following conclusions. We find that the luminosity function of Lyman Break Galaxies evolves with time and that this evolution is likely differential with luminosity. The result is best constrained between the epochs at z~4 and z~3, where we find that the number density of sub-L* galaxies increases with time by at least a factor of 2.3 (11sigma statistical confidence); while the faint end of the LF evolves, the bright end appears to remain virtually unchanged, indicating that there may be differential, luminosity-dependent evolution significant at the 97% level. Potential systematic biases restric our ability to draw strong conclusions about continued evolution of the luminosity function to lower redshifts, z~2.2 and z~1.7, but, nevertheless, it appears certain that the number density of z~2.2 galaxies at all luminosities we studied, -22
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Updated preprint to reflect this final version
Additional file 3 of The SLC36 transporter Pathetic is required for neural stem cell proliferation and for brain growth under nutrition restriction
Creators: name: Shiyun Feng
name: Zacharioudaki, Evanthia
name: Millen, Kat
name: Bray, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3 Fig. S3. Path[GFP] persists under NR condition. Path[GFP] expression in the indicated conditions: 72 h ALH fed (A&B), 120 h ALH fed (C&D) and NR from 72 h to 120 h ALH (E&F). (A,C,E) dorsal surface, brain lobes (A’,C′,E’) middle-plane, brain lobes, (A”,C″,E”) ventral surface, brain lobes. (B,D,F) ventral surface, VNC. NBs are marked with Dpn (red), neurons are marked with Pros (blue). Scale bar, 100 μm.
Pioneering Redistributive Regulatory Reform. A Study of Implementation of a Catchment Management Agency for the Inkomati Water Management Area, South Africa
Creators: name: Brown, Julia
name: Woodhouse, Phil
name: Brown, Julia
name: Woodhouse, Phil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The 1998 National Water Act is one of a number of environmental legislative reforms promulgated in post apartheid South Africa that reflects international principles of good environmental practice while seeking to redress past inequity of access to natural resources. The Act incorporates a set of guiding principles agreed at the 1992 Dublin International Conference on Water and the Environment (ICWE), including: Integrated Catchment Management (ICM); stakeholder participation; devolution/decentralisation and placing aneconomic value on water. The reforms, which radically change the principles of ownership, access and use of water in South Africa, are internationally regarded as a pioneering attempt to regulate water use in ways that are environmentally sound and socially fair. A key element of the regulatory framework is the establishment of decentralised Catchment Management Agencies (CMAs) representing the interests of different water users, and funded by the levy on all water use of a Catchment Management Charge. Irrigation Boards, which represent the interests of the irrigation sector and manage the resource on the micro scale, are to be transformed into more inclusive Water User Associations. The paper presents empirical findings from a detailed study of the Inkomati Water Management Area, where the CMA process is most advanced. Detailed case studies of sub-catchments were undertaken to explore how the various existing and potential water users negotiate their future water use within the emerging framework of the CMA. Water use has been heavily developed in the catchment by industry, commercial forestry, and irrigated agriculture, and water scarcity now presents an obstacle to expansion of water supply for household use in black communities, for irrigation by black farmers, and for environmental conservation. Along with the formal positions of the institutions involved, the key issues of transformation are examined, and the ICWE principles are evaluated as a basis for designing regulation of water use.
Second order asymptotic efficiency for a Poisson process
Creators: name: Gasparyan, Samvel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G05, 62M05

description: We consider the problem of the estimation of the mean function of an inhomogeneous Poisson process when its intensity function is periodic. For the mean integrated squared error (MISE) there is a classical lower bound for all estimators and the empirical mean function attains that lower bound, thus it is asymptotically efficient. Following the ideas of the work by Golubev and Levit, we compare asymptotically efficient estimators and propose an estimator which is second order asymptotically efficient. Second order efficiency is done over Sobolev ellipsoids, following the idea of Pinsker.
description: 8 pages
La légende des apôtres Pierre, Jean et Paul à Antioche
Creators: name: Van Esbroeck, Michel
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 78 (1994): Oriens christianus, Band 78
Foreign Direct Investment and Regulation: A Case Study of Thailand's Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
Creators: name: Pongsiri, Nutavoot
name: Pongsiri, Nutavoot
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The oil and gas industry is divided into two sectors: the upstream sector in which exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas take place, and the downstream sector in which the crude oil and natural gas are processed in refineries and petrochemical plants. Oil and gas development projects are characterised by large capital investments which include a clear determination of the risks and rewards of each investment opportunity. It is necessary for developing countries to provide an investor-friendly environment towards provisions of numerous incentives to foreign investors, especially international oil companies (IOCs), to increase direct investment flows. The establishment of a stable and secure environment is a fundamental way that host governments can play a vital role in reducing risk and promoting opportunity through the implementation of suitable regulatory terms and conditions for exploration and production (E&P) work, as well as sufficient economic incentives to attract foreign investment capital. In general, IOCs will diversify risks and prioritise their portfolios to invest in the potential markets that can provide them the highest commercial return. Evidence from Thailand indicates that IOCs require a favourable investment climate to maintain active development of upstream oil and gas resources. Due to the high-risk nature of Thailand's geological setting, IOCs need to have managerial and operational flexibilities when investing in and executing work programmes without mandatory government intervention. The Thai Government needs to consider whether regulation and incentives are written in ways that help facilitate new foreign investments. Apart from legal certainty, Thailand's upstream investment climate can also be strengthened by enhancing the working relationship between the government and the IOCs.
Reconstituted lives : children's experiences in the context of transnational migration between Canada and Taiwan
Creators: name: Hsu, Wei-Shan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It is becoming increasingly common for current-day migrants to build transnational connections transcending national borders. Amongst recent immigrants from Taiwan to Canada, an "astronaut" type of family arrangement has emerged. In the "astronaut" families, either one or both parents continue working in Taiwan to maximize the financial resources of the family, while the children reside in Canada. These children affected by transnational migration between Canada and Taiwan no longer experience a radical break from their place of origin—Taiwan. Instead, both the settlement society and their ethnic origin have continually informed the processes of these children's home-making and identity development. Based on eleven individual interviews conducted in Greater Vancouver regional district of British Columbia, Canada between June and September, 2001, this study explores the impact of transnational family arrangements on children's lives, and children's.senses of home and identity. Findings suggest that the families of the children interviewed undergo a reconfiguration of the traditional family structure, a reconfiguration based on the establishment of various transnational connections linking family in Taiwan and family in Vancouver. The new transnational family structure is operating within new forms of interdependence between family members and within changing family relationships. The transnational family arrangement has affected how the children define "home" and where they consider to be "home". The children's senses of home are influenced by the interaction between their quotidian experiences in Vancouver and their transnational connections with Taiwan. In terms of identity, the children interviewed reveal a persistence of Taiwanese identity over time and at the same time a fluctuation in the intensity of their Taiwanese identity. The main factors affecting the children's senses of identity are: cross-cultural contacts they have experienced in Vancouver, the significant flow of people and cultural items from Taiwan to Vancouver, and the primordial attachment to their place of origin. The children have learned to negotiate within "astronaut" families. They have become new kinds of "transnational" people—those who can situate themselves somewhere between being Taiwanese and being Canadian and yet, be both.
Additional file 2 of The SLC36 transporter Pathetic is required for neural stem cell proliferation and for brain growth under nutrition restriction
Creators: name: Shiyun Feng
name: Zacharioudaki, Evanthia
name: Millen, Kat
name: Bray, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Fig. S2. Path depletion leads to a reduction in NB size. (A-D) Control (A&B) and path knockdown (C&D) brains (path-RNAi driven by NB-specific insc-Gal4), larvae were incubated at 30 °C for 5 days before dissection. Central brain dorsal (A&C) and VNC (B&D) brain NBs are marked with Dpn (red) and Mira (green). CB, central brain; OL, optic lobe. (E) Quantification of NB size with GFP-RNAi and path-RNAi. n = 303, 340. ****p
A NOTE ON NONLINEARITY BIAS AND DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE CVM: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGGREGATE BENEFITS ESTIMATION
Creators: name: Souter, Ray A.
name: Bowker, James Michael
name: Souter, Ray A.
name: Bowker, James Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: It is a generally known statistical fact that the mean of a nonlinear function of a set of random variables is not equivalent to the function evaluated at the means of the variables. However, in dichotomous choice contingent valuation studies a common practice is to calculate an overall mean (or median) by integrating over offer space (numerically or analytically) an estimated logit or probit function in which sample mean values for the concomitant variables are used. We demonstrate this procedure to be incorrect and we statically test the procedure against the correct method for nonlinear models. Using data resulting in a well-behaved logit model, we reject the hypothesis of congruence between the two means. Such a finding should be considered in future single response dichotomous choice CVM studies, particularly when aggregation is of interest.
[Letter from Arthur Disbrave Cotton]
Creators: name: Cotton, Arthur Disbrave
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1906

description: Expresses gratitude for the notes on Lithothamnion patena. Requests the names of two authors for Lithothamnion cystocarpideum, because the specimen originally belongs to the Kew Herbarium - and he intends to publish any new species that are found in the herbarium. Will soon be sending some more algae from the Chatham Island. These can be named as preferred.
Density structure of the Horsehead nebula photo-dissociation region
Creators: name: Habart, E.
name: Abergel, A.
name: Walmsley, C. M.
name: Teyssier, D.
name: Pety, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high angular resolution images of the H$_2$ 1-0 S(1) line emission obtained with the Son of ISAAC (SOFI) at the New Technology Telescope (NTT) of the Horsehead nebula. These observations are analysed in combination with H$α$ line emission, aromatic dust, CO and dust continuum emissions. The Horsehead nebula illuminated by the O9.5V star $σ$ Ori ($χ\sim$ 60) presents a typical photodissociation region (PDR) viewed nearly edge-on and offers an ideal opportunity to study the gas density structure of a PDR. The H$_2$ fluorescent emission observations reveal extremely sharp and bright filaments associated with the illuminated edge of the nebula which spatially coincides with the aromatic dust emission. Analysis of the H$_2$ fluorescent emission, sensitive to both the far-UV radiation field and the gas density, in conjunction with the aromatic dust and H$α$ line emission, brings new constraints on the illumination conditions and the gas density in the outer PDR region. Furthermore, combination of this data with millimeter observations of CO and dust continuum emission allows us to trace the penetration of the far-UV radiation field into the cloud and probe the gas density structure throughout the PDR. From comparison with PDR model calculations, we find that i) the gas density follows a steep gradient at the cloud edge, with a scale length of 0.02 pc (or 10'') and $n_H\sim 10^4$ and $10^5$ cm$^{-3}$ in the H$_2$ emitting and inner cold molecular layers respectively, and ii) this density gradient model is essentially a constant pressure model, with $P\sim$4 $10^6$ K cm$^{-3}$. The constraints derived here on the gas density profile are important for the study of physical and chemical processes in PDRs and provide new insight into the evolution of interstellar clouds.
description: To be published in A&A
Low perturbations for a class of nonuniformly elliptic problems
Creators: name: Bahrouni, Anouar
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 35J60, Secondary 35J91, 58E30

description: We introduce and study a new functional which was motivated by our paper on the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality with variable exponent (Bahrouni, Rădulescu and Repovš, Nonlinearity 31 (2018), 1518-1534). We also study the eigenvalue problem for equations involving this new functional.
From D=3 to D=2 dimensions: a note on topological order
Creators: name: Fosco, C. D.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct, by a procedure involving a dimensional reduction from a Chern-Simons theory with borders, an effective theory for a 1+1 dimensional superconductor. 1That system can be either in an ordinary phase or in a topological one, depending on the value of two phases, corresponding to complex order parameters. Finally, we argue that the original theory and its dimensionally reduced one can be related to the effective action for a quantum Dirac field in a slab geometry, coupled to a gauge field.
description: 14 pages, no figures
Non-Gaussianity detections in the Bianchi VIIh corrected WMAP 1-year data made with directional spherical wavelets
Creators: name: McEwen, J. D.
name: Hobson, M. P.
name: Lasenby, A. N.
name: Mortlock, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many of the current anomalies reported in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 1-year data disappear after `correcting' for the best-fit embedded Bianchi type VII_h component (Jaffe et al. 2005), albeit assuming no dark energy component. We investigate the effect of this Bianchi correction on the detections of non-Gaussianity in the WMAP data that we previously made using directional spherical wavelets (McEwen et al. 2005a). As previously discovered by Jaffe et al. (2005), the deviations from Gaussianity in the kurtosis of spherical Mexican hat wavelet coefficients are eliminated once the data is corrected for the Bianchi component. This is due to the reduction of the cold spot at Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(209^\circ,-57\circ), which Cruz et al. (2005) claim to be the source of non-Gaussianity introduced in the kurtosis. Our previous detections of non-Gaussianity observed in the skewness of spherical wavelet coefficients are not reduced by the Bianchi correction. Indeed, the most significant detection of non-Gaussianity made with the spherical real Morlet wavelet at a significant level of 98.4% remains (using a very conservative method to estimate the significance). We make our code to simulate Bianchi induced temperature fluctuations publicly available.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, replaced to match version accepted by MNRAS
THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT DECISIONS: THE CASE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Halstead, John M.
name: Park, William M.
name: Halstead, John M.
name: Park, William M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Public Economics

description: The issue of solid waste management has risen to national prominence in the last decade, fueled by increasing waste disposal costs and changing public attitudes. This situation presents a major opportunity for economists to use their applied microeconomics skills to assist state and local governments manage waste in a cost effective fashion. While findings from formal research efforts may ultimately make their way into the decision-making process, perhaps economists can play an even more significant role in emphasizing the importance of the most basic economic concepts and principles for sound decision making in solid waste management or the many other areas in which local public choices are made. These areas would include at least the following: opportunity cost, marginal analysis of costs and benefits, and the role of economic incentives.
Low lying zeros of L-functions with orthogonal symmetry
Creators: name: Hughes, C. P.
name: Miller, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11M26 (primary), 11G05, 11G40, 11M26 (secondary)

description: We investigate the moments of a smooth counting function of the zeros near the central point of L-functions of weight k cuspidal newforms of prime level N. We split by the sign of the functional equations and show that for test functions whose Fourier transform is supported in (-1/n, 1/n), as N --> oo the first n centered moments are Gaussian. By extending the support to (-1/n-1, 1/n-1), we see non-Gaussian behavior; in particular the odd centered moments are non-zero for such test functions. If we do not split by sign, we obtain Gaussian behavior for support in (-2/n, 2/n) if 2k >= n. The nth centered moments agree with Random Matrix Theory in this extended range, providing additional support for the Katz-Sarnak conjectures. The proof requires calculating multidimensional integrals of the non-diagonal terms in the Bessel-Kloosterman expansion of the Petersson formula. We convert these multidimensional integrals to one-dimensional integrals already considered in the work of Iwaniec-Luo-Sarnak, and derive a new and more tractable expression for the nth centered moments for such test functions. This new formula facilitates comparisons between number theory and random matrix theory for test functions supported in (-1/n-1, 1/n-1) by simplifying the combinatorial arguments. As an application we obtain bounds for the percentage of such cusp forms with a given order of vanishing at the central point.
description: 38 pages: revised draft: increased the support in the split cases from 1/(n - 2/3) to 1/(n-1), included applications of the centered moments to improved estimates on the order of vanishing at the central point. To apppear in the Duke Mathematical Journal
Single Molecule Chemical Reaction: Kramers Approach Revisited
Creators: name: Margolin, Gennady
name: Barkai, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single molecule chemical reactions yield new insight into fluctuation phenomena which are obscured in measurement of ensemble of molecules. Kramers escape problem is investigated here in a framework suitable for single molecule reactions. In particular we obtain distributions of escape times in simple limiting cases, rather than their mean, and investigate their sensitivity on initial conditions. Rich physical behaviors are observed: sub-Poissonian statistics when the dynamics is only slightly deviating from Newtonian, super-Poissonian behavior when diffusion is dominating, and Poissonian behavior when Kramers original conditions hold. By varying initial conditions escape time distributions can follow a (usual) exponential or a $τ^{-3/2}$ decay, due to regular diffusion. We briefly address experimental results which yield the $τ^{-3/2}$ behavior (with cutoffs) and propose that this behavior is universal.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Syriac and Arabic Inscriptions at the Monastery of St Mark's in Jerusalem
Creators: name: Palmer, Andrew
name: Gelder, Geert J. Van
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 78 (1994): Oriens christianus, Band 78
The fullest development of human potential : the Canadian Union of Students, 1963-1969
Creators: name: Clift, Robert Fredrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Canadian Union of Students (CUS) was Canada's national postsecondary student organisation from its founding in September 1963 as the successor to the National Federation of Canadian University Students (NFCUS), until its dissolution in October 1969. This thesis recounts the political history of CUS by tracing the development of CUS policies on access to higher education and on student involvement in the governance of postsecondary institutions. The central argument of this thesis is that over time CUS policies and activities became increasingly "left wing," causing CUS to become ever more isolated from the mainstream students who constituted its membership. The loss of confidence by the members resulted in campus student associations withdrawing support from the organisation, leading to the dissolution of CUS in October 1969. This thesis is not strictly an historical policy analysis, although such an analysis appears throughout. This thesis also offers comparative discussions, recounting developments in the Quebec student movement, in the Canadian anti-nuclear and social justice movements, and in the American civil rights and student movements. To a lesser extent, this thesis also contains elements of social history, collective biography and organisational history. This variety of approaches helps in more fully explaining CUS's changing politics. As demonstrated by the developments in policies on access to higher education and institutional governance, CUS was not content with merely treating the symptoms of educational inequity, but increasingly sought to identify the causes of such inequity and eliminate them. This put the organisation in conflict with prevailing social, political and economic arrangements and divided the CUS leadership from its membership. Although a significant minority of disaffected youth and students challenged the norms of the day, they were unable to bring large numbers of people to their cause and thus unable to sustain pressure for change. The CUS leadership's attempt to reverse the course of the organisation to save it from collapse was unsuccessful and CUS folded under the weight of a rapidly declining membership.