cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Indigene Rechte für die Ainu?: »Neues Gesetz«, »Symbolischer Raum« und der Streit um 1.600 Gebeine
Creators: name: Makino, Uwe
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Ainu
subject: Declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples
subject: Upopoy - National Ainu Museum
subject: Menschlicher Überrest
subject: Restitution
subject: 305

description: Questioning Japan’s Recognition of the Ainu People as Indigenous: »New Ainu Law«, »Symbolic Space«, and the Quarrel over 1600 Human Remains In April 2020, just ahead of the Olympic/Paralympic Games in Tokyo, the Japanese government will open the »Symbolic Space for Ethnic Harmony« in Shiraoi (Hokkaido). The official reading says that in Shiraoi the Ainu indigenous rights legislation will be implemented step by step, and the process will be supported by the new Ainu law, which was adopted in April 2019. The symbolic space will consist of a national Ainu museum, a national ethnic harmony park where Ainu culture can be practiced, and a central depot for Ainu remains that are currently stored in Japanese and overseas institutions. From the perspective of many members of the Ainu community it is equally appalling that the remains of their ancestors will be stored in a concrete mausoleum, and that these remains will continue to be subjected to scientific research. They demand repatriation to local communities, and lawsuits filed against Hokkaido University have been quite successful so far. The first part of this article deals with the question: why did Japanese anatomists collect the remains of the Ainu? Racial theories of the eighteenth century were connected to social Darwinian ideas in the late nineteenth century and consequently, indigenous groups were perceived as doomed races. It was within this ideological framework that scholars worldwide collected the human remains of indigenous people. This also applies to Japan where since the Meiji period young academics were educated in Europe (for example, Yoshikiyo Koganei in Berlin). Another aspect of this paper is the treatment of the Ainu in Japanese legal history. It may come as a surprise that policies of forced assimilation began a century prior to the modern Meiji state with its well-known law of 1899, which addressed the Ainu as former Aborigines. For the first time in Japanese legislation the new Ainu law of April 2019 addresses the Ainu as indigenous. As recently as 2007, Japan supported the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). This article discusses in some detail whether Japan is fulfilling its commitments to UNDRIP or, in other words: is the recognition of the Ainu in accordance with an international understanding of the term indigenous? In this regard the treatment of Ainu remains is one relevant matter among others.
description: Japan 2019: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 203
title: Die Entwicklung der sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskussion über Schulabsentismus in Japan: Neue Trends oder ein altes Phänomen?
Creators: name: Kreitz-Sandberg, Susanne
name: Lesch, Vincent
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Schule
subject: Schulversäumnis
subject: Erforschung
subject: Sozialwissenschaften
subject: Geschichte 1960-2019
subject: 371

description: The Development of Social Science Discussions on School Absenteeism in Japan: New Trends or an Old Problem? The aim of this paper is to summarize the development of the social science discourse on school absenteeism (futōkō) in Japan and to analyze it in the context of the debate on social inequality in society (kakusa shakai). This systematic literature review will answer the question: how has the issue of school absenteeism in Japan developed since the post-war period up to the present? School absenteeism has been a subject of much discussion in Japan since the 1960s, and this paper discusses whether recent research on school absenteeism is merely examining this phenomenon from old perspectives or identifying new trends that are also interesting from an international viewpoint. As a background, this paper clarifies central Japanese terms in research on absenteeism since the post-war period and describes how refusal to attend school has been considered as school and youth problems since the 1980s. The article builds on a methodology that is often referred to as desk research, which has undergone a renaissance under the concept of systematic literature studies where search strategies and the presentation of the results are formalized in order to ensure the transparency and reliability of the information. The research focuses on Japanese and international publications of the last decade. The evaluation of a total of 22 selected articles (including journal articles and book chapters) reveals important topics, such as new potential risk groups and solution strategies. The articles show absenteeism and high school drop-out are more frequent for disadvantaged groups in connection to poverty, migration, sexual identity and psychosocial factors. Interestingly, in the literature, connections between futōkō and social withdrawal (hikikomori) have been described as an overlapping but still different phenomena. Another trend that has been highlighted in the literature is the role of various new actors in and around the school system. Although school absenteeism may appear to be an old problem in Japanese research, the role of new players in the education system and the diversification of the Japanese school landscape are becoming more apparent in response to persistently high levels of absenteeism.
description: Japan 2019: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 262
Action tube generation by person query matching for spatio-temporal action detection
Creators: name: Omi, Kazuki
name: Oshima, Jion
name: Tamaki, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a method for spatio-temporal action detection (STAD) that directly generates action tubes from the original video without relying on post-processing steps such as IoU-based linking and clip splitting. Our approach applies query-based detection (DETR) to each frame and matches DETR queries to link the same person across frames. We introduce the Query Matching Module (QMM), which uses metric learning to bring queries for the same person closer together across frames compared to queries for different people. Action classes are predicted using the sequence of queries obtained from QMM matching, allowing for variable-length inputs from videos longer than a single clip. Experimental results on JHMDB, UCF101-24, and AVA datasets demonstrate that our method performs well for large position changes of people while offering superior computational efficiency and lower resource requirements.
description: extended version of VISAPP2025
Crop Insurance For Maryland Field Crops And Livestock
Creators: name: Harper, Jayson
name: Goeringer, Paul
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2016
Subjects: crop insurance
multi-peril crop insurance
actual production history
yield protection
revenue protection
Risk Management Agency
USDA

description: Multi-peril crop insurance is a valuable risk management tool which allows you to insure against losses on your farm due to adverse weather conditions, price fluctuations, and unavoidable pests and diseases.  It shifts unavoidable production risks to an insurance company for the payment of a fixed amount of premium per acre.  This publication assists readers in understanding the basics of the federal crop insurance program.
description: University of Maryland, Penn State University, Maryland Department of Agriculture, and United States Department of Agriculture.
Simulation of the Kitaev planar code error threshold under a photonic local error model
Creators: name: Ding, Julian
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Quantum computation presents a radical computational paradigm with many potential benefits over classical computation. Unfortunately, quantum information is prone to spontaneous degradation due to limitations in current quantum hardware. The performance of near-future quantum hardware therefore stands to be drastically improved by using fault-tolerant encodings of qubits that can restore information scrambled by noise processes in real time. One such error-correcting code with a convenient square-lattice geometry is the Kitaev surface code. We design a numerical model for simulating error correction on planar surface codes using the minimum-weight perfect matching algorithm: a polynomial-time classical algorithm that determines the best error-correcting operations using a probabilistic error model. We then investigate the performance of the planar code under an augmented simulation modelling a specific photonic implementation of the qubit lattice. In this model, measurement failure presents a source of local errors, resulting in a non-uniform error model. We determine the maximum tolerance of the minimum-weight perfect matching error correction procedure to errors due to both uniform noise and measurement failure as a transition in their 2D parameter space, and investigate the improvement afforded by incorporating information about the measurement failures in the error model. Ultimately, we find that the error threshold is significantly higher when using this heralded error model when measurement failure rates are high.
Supplementary document for On-chip quantum interference between the origins of a multi-photon state - 6189956.pdf
Creators: name: Feng, Lantian
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Liu, Di
name: Cheng, Yujie
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
name: Dai, Daoxin
name: Guo, Guang-can
name: Krenn, Mario
name: Ren, Xifeng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplemental material
Supplemental Material: Funding and teams’ interdisciplinary practices
Creators: name: A. Díaz-Faes, Adrián
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 440710
subject: Research, science and technology policy

description: Supplemental Material from the paper “Unpacking the effect of funding on research teams’ interdisciplinary practices” published in Quantitative Science Studies
Prospects for Mitigating Spectral Variability in Tropical Species Classification Using Self-Supervised Learning
Creators: name: Prieur, Colin
name: Braham, Nassim Ait Ali
name: Tresson, Paul
name: Vincent, Grégoire
name: Chanussot, Jocelyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Airborne hyperspectral imaging is a promising method for identifying tropical species, but spectral variability between acquisitions hinders consistent results. This paper proposes using Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) to encode spectral features that are robust to abiotic variability and relevant for species identification. By employing the state-of-the-art Barlow-Twins approach on repeated spectral acquisitions, we demonstrate the ability to develop stable features. For the classification of 40 tropical species, experiments show that these features can outperform typical reflectance products in terms of robustness to spectral variability by 10 points of accuracy across dates.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, published as proceeding of the "2024 14th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)"
title: »Souverän-Erziehung« – Shukensha Kyōiku: Hintergründe und Leitbilder der gegenwärtigen Debatte über die Neuausrichtung politischer Bildung in Japan
Creators: name: Sips, Anja
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Schule
subject: Sozialkundeunterricht
subject: Politische Bildung
subject: Lehrplanreform
subject: Geschichte 2014-2019
subject: 370

description: »Sovereign Education« – Shukensha Kyōiku: Backgrounds and Political Concepts in the Current Debate on the Reorientation of Political Education in Japan Using statistical data it can be identified that in comparison to other OECD countries, cabinet members in Japan have the highest average age, the turnout of young voters in Japan is remarkably low, other kinds of political participation (e. g., membership of a political party, participation in demonstrations, and petition signing) are barely noticed, and trust in the political system and satisfaction with national policy is low. It seems to be a problematic – and above all – distanced relationship between political culture and youth in Japan. But there are signs of a change in relationships. The Ministry of Education is currently implementing a reform of political education in senior high schools. As part of the ongoing curriculum revision (planning and implementation period: 2014–2022) the introduction of a new subject in the field of political education was announced. In addition to the existing elective subjects of ethics and politics/economics, a new compulsory subject named kōkyō, (which means public) will be introduced from 2022. The importance and consequences of the 2015 electoral reform, which lowered the active voting age in Japan from 20 to 18 years, are often cited as reasons for the reform plans. Within the political debate it is argued that students who are now eligible to vote need to be educated in order to ensure political awareness of their evolved creative role in society. A central term in this debate is the shukensha kyōiku, (which translates to education to the sovereign) which can be interpreted as a new concept of political education in Japan. This article analyzes the back ground and political concepts of shukensha kyōiku and presents the first results of a reconstruction of the educational debate of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications – as well as first reactions to it.
description: Japan 2019: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 299
Analyzing Swimming Performance Using Drone Captured Aerial Videos
Creators: name: Tran, Thu
name: Choo, Kenny Tsu Wei
name: Foong, Shaohui
name: Bhardwaj, Hitesh
name: Win, Shane Kyi Hla
name: Ang, Wei Jun
name: Goh, Kenneth
name: Balan, Rajesh Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monitoring swimmer performance is crucial for improving training and enhancing athletic techniques. Traditional methods for tracking swimmers, such as above-water and underwater cameras, face limitations due to the need for multiple cameras and obstructions from water splashes. This paper presents a novel approach for tracking swimmers using a moving UAV. The proposed system employs a UAV equipped with a high-resolution camera to capture aerial footage of the swimmers. The footage is then processed using computer vision algorithms to extract the swimmers' positions and movements. This approach offers several advantages, including single camera use and comprehensive coverage. The system's accuracy is evaluated with both training and in competition videos. The results demonstrate the system's ability to accurately track swimmers' movements, limb angles, stroke duration and velocity with the maximum error of 0.3 seconds and 0.35~m/s for stroke duration and velocity, respectively.
description: 6 pages, published to ACM Dronet'24
title: Innenpolitik 2019/2020
Creators: name: Winkler, Christian
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Innenpolitik
subject: Parteiensystem
subject: Geschichte 2019-2020
subject: 320

description: Domestic Politics 2019/2020 This chapter examines major developments in Japanese domestic politics from mid-2019 through to August 2020. Noteworthy developments include the race to succeed Shinzō Abe as Liberaldemocratic Party (LDP) president and Prime Minister and the re-formation of the old Democratic Party. Below, the backdrop to this renewed realignment of the opposition parties and its implications for opposition’s strategy, such as the potential for cooperation with Reiwa Shinsengumi, are examined. On the policy side, the government’s main focus has been the struggle to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and lessen its negative impact on Japan’s society and economy.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 25
SparseAlign: A Fully Sparse Framework for Cooperative Object Detection
Creators: name: Yuan, Yunshuang
name: Xia, Yan
name: Cremers, Daniel
name: Sester, Monika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cooperative perception can increase the view field and decrease the occlusion of an ego vehicle, hence improving the perception performance and safety of autonomous driving. Despite the success of previous works on cooperative object detection, they mostly operate on dense Bird's Eye View (BEV) feature maps, which are computationally demanding and can hardly be extended to long-range detection problems. More efficient fully sparse frameworks are rarely explored. In this work, we design a fully sparse framework, SparseAlign, with three key features: an enhanced sparse 3D backbone, a query-based temporal context learning module, and a robust detection head specially tailored for sparse features. Extensive experimental results on both OPV2V and DairV2X datasets show that our framework, despite its sparsity, outperforms the state of the art with less communication bandwidth requirements. In addition, experiments on the OPV2Vt and DairV2Xt datasets for time-aligned cooperative object detection also show a significant performance gain compared to the baseline works.
title: Rauch und doch kein Feuer?: Zur Varianz von Populismusdiagnosen für Japan
Creators: name: Klein, Axel
name: Kawasaki, Takeshi
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Populismus
subject: 320

description: Smoke and Yet No Fire? On the Variance of Populism Diagnoses for Japan Japanese populism leaves little trace in comparative political science which is surprising given pertinent case studies that look at politicians like Jun’ichirō Koizumi, Tōru Hashimoto or Yuriko Koike through this analytical lens and find them to be populists. This article examines this literature and juxtaposes it with ideational and politicalstrategic approaches to populism. By doing so, it not only shows substantial qualitative differences between Japanese populism and what is considered populism in other regions, but also suggests that the clientilistic, one-party dominant regime of the LDP, the strong central state, and (often inexplicit) reference to Japan’s political culture are the main causes of those positive populism diagnoses that seem to fall short of the »mainstream populism« elsewhere. In order to reconcile these diverse findings, this study suggests a common frame of reference based on both dominant approaches and the use of methodological instruments that allow a more fine-grained measurement of potentially populist phenomena and actors.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 44
title: Der Standortwechsel des Tsukiji Großmarkts in Tōkyō: Staatliche Risikokommunikation und ihre Wahrnehmung bei den Händlern
Creators: name: König, Anne-Sophie
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Tsukiji Großmarkt
subject: Fischmarkt
subject: Verlegung
subject: Toyosu Großmarkt
subject: Politische Kommunikation
subject: Geschichte 2016-2018
subject: 32

description: The Relocation of the Tsukiji Wholesale Market in Tokyo: Perception of State Risk Communication by Intermediate Wholesalers This paper analyzes why the relocation of Tsukiji Wholesale Market in Tōkyō has been so divisive. To this end, the period from Yuriko Koike’s election as Governor of Tōkyō in July 2016 to the relocation in October 2018 will be considered. The paper argues that misrouted risk communication from the Tōkyō Metropolitan Government (TMG) negatively influenced market trader’s perception, specifically those of intermediate wholesalers. To successfully communicate risk, social science research recommends following the steps of the risk cycle (French et al. 2005). The data used for analysis comes from an open interview questionnaire, a semi structured interview with cooperative representatives, participant observation of the field sites conducted by the author in 2018 and a quantitative survey gathered by a market-related nonprofit organization (NPO) that same year. In the case of the Tsukiji Wholesale Market, Governor Koike did not adhere to the recommended steps in stopping the ongoing relocation process in 2016 to appoint a project team charged with reassessing the safety measures of the new market facilities in the Toyosu district. The project team showed little awareness of a value gap between their risk perception and that of the intermediate wholesalers. Moreover, the role of the intermediate wholesale cooperatives as intermediaries between the state and market traders affected the relationship between these two stakeholders. Thus, the miscommunication by the TMG resulted in strong opposition from the intermediate wholesalers up to the very day of the relocation. As a conclusion, this paper emphasizes the importance of structured risk communication by the state. Preferably a cyclical model of risk management should be employed which ensures frequent and proactive communication with those stakeholders affected by the risk. It also highlights the difficulty newly elected state actors face when managing and communicating the risks of long-term public work projects. Additionally, when researching risk communication, a thorough analysis of the underlying values of the risk perception of both the state and the non-state actors reveals a possible gap between the two. Understanding this value gap can help determine the success of risk communication by the state representative.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 69
Frobenius method for Mahler equations
Creators: name: Roques, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using Hahn series, one can attach to any linear Mahler equation a basis of solutions at 0 reminiscent of the solutions of linear differential equations at a regular singularity. We show that such a basis of solutions can be produced by using a variant of Frobenius method.
title: Japans Mindestlohnbewegung: Social Movement Unionism am Beispiel von Aequitas
Creators: name: Schwarte, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Prekariat
subject: Gewerkschaft
subject: Arbeiterbewegung
subject: Mindestlohn
subject: 331

description: The Minimum Wage Movement in Japan: Social Movement Unionism Using the Example of Aequitas In recent decades, through the emergence of a new group of workers stuck in precarious non-regular employment, constituting almost 40 percent of the workforce, social inequality in Japan has risen. Labor unions in Japan have failed to organize this growing number of non-regular workers, leaving them largely without representation and causing union membership to fall to an all-time low in 2017 with only 17.1 percent of workers belonging to a labor union. When looking for possible ways to revitalize trade unions, examples of Social Movement Unionism (SMU) have been analyzed and put forward as a positive model for the future development of the labor movement. The core aspects of SMU are – borrowing a definition by Suzuki (2012): (1) extend activities beyond the framework of existing institutions and adopt broadly-defined goals beyond the workplace, (2) form alliances with social movement and community-based organizations, (3) transform internal organizations so as to increase involvement of rank-and-file members in union activities, and (4) promote grassroots cross-national union solidarity. Aequitas is a group founded in 2015 with the goal of raising the national minimum wage in Japan to 1,500 Yen. By mobilizing different actors such as labor unions, social movements, and NPOs to rally for the common cause of raising the minimum wage and fighting against social inequality and poverty in Japan, Aequitas engages in SMU. This paper will examine how SMU unfolds in the minimum wage movement around Aequitas and to what extend the group can serve as an alternative to labor unions.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 101
CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE
Creators: name: Sharipova, N.S.
name: Jabborov, O.O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continue to rise worldwide. Increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, and cigarette smoking are well-recognized risk factors for CKD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation leading to airway obstruction and parenchymal lung destruction. Due to some of the common pathogenic mechanisms, COPD has been associated with increased prevalence of CKD.
Switching on and off the spin polarization of the conduction band in antiferromagnetic bilayer transistors
Creators: name: Yao, Fengrui
name: Liao, Menghan
name: Gibertini, Marco
name: Cheon, Cheol-Yeon
name: Lin, Xiaohanwen
name: Wu, Fan
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Gutiérrez-Lezama, Ignacio
name: Morpurgo, Alberto F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiferromagnetic conductors with suitably broken spatial symmetries host spin-polarized bands, which lead to transport phenomena commonly observed in metallic ferromagnets. In bulk materials, it is the given crystalline structure that determines whether symmetries are broken and spin-polarized bands are present. Here we demonstrate experimentally that double-gate transistors realized on bilayers of van der Waals antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrPS4 allow the relevant symmetry to be controlled by a perpendicular electric displacement field. Such a level of control enables the spin-polarization of the conduction band to be switched on and off. Because conduction band states with opposite spin-polarizations are hosted in the different layers and are spatially separated, these devices also give control over the magnetization of the electrons that are accumulated electrostatically. Our experiments show that double-gated CrPS4 transistors provide a viable platform to create gate-induced conductors with near unity spin polarization at the Fermi level, as well as devices with a full electrostatic control of the total magnetization of the system.
title: Grundzüge und Tendenzen der japanischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik 2019/20: Japan im Jahr der Krisen
Creators: name: Schulze, Kai
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Außenpolitik
subject: Sicherheitspolitik
subject: Geschichte 2019-2020
subject: 327

description: Recent Developments and Trends in Japan’s Foreign and Security Policy 2019/20: Japan in the Year of Crises In common with many other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic was also the dominant topic in Japanese foreign and security policy in the latter part of the year under review from September 2019 to August 2020. As with the G20 Summit of the previous year in Osaka, the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020 was meant to show the world that Japan’s global significance has been on the rise and that Japan has become a major player in global affairs. However, the COVID-19 pandemic led to the cancellation of the Olympic Games in Tokyo and dominated Japan’s foreign and security policy in 2020. Before the outbreak of the pandemic, deteriorating relations with China and the conflict with South Korea were also important topics in Japan’s foreign affairs.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 130
title: Japans Wirtschaft in der COVID-19-Krise
Creators: name: Heckel, Markus
name: Waldenberger, Franz
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Wirtschaft
subject: COVID-19-Pandemie
subject: 33

description: Japan’s Economy in the COVID-19 Crisis Since 2020, a virus has been keeping the world in a state of limbo, forcing governments, regardless of their constitutional status, to decide to what extent they are willing to restrict civil rights to self-determination, and associated economic activity, to protect health. The International Monetary Fund labelled the global downturn the »Great Lockdown« in reference to the »Great Depression« at the end of the 1920s and the »Great Recession« that followed the Lehman shock in September 2008 (IMF 2020a). This article examines the impact of the pandemic on the Japanese economy and explains the countermeasures taken by the Japanese government and central bank. Japanese data show that the biggest losers during the crisis are airlines followed by shipbuilding, mining, shipping, rail and bus transport and oil industries. The Japanese government and central bank responded with economic aid and support programs of historic dimensions to support incomes, stabilize employment, and secure liquidity. The combined total values of government programs reached approximately 234 trillion yen (1.95 trillion euros), including a transfer of 100,000 yen (833 euros) to each registered resident (»helicopter money«), and these were accompanied by massive programs by the Bank of Japan focusing on providing liquidity to private corporations.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 153
Production d'électricité par valorisation énergétique des effluents de station d'épuration
Creators: name: Zanatta, Luca
name: Delaleux, Fabien
name: Durastanti, Jean-Félix
Publisher: name: Société Française de Thermique
Year: 2022
Subjects: station d'épuration
optimisation énergétique
thermique
thermodynamique
cycle ORC
conversion d'énergie

description: Ce travail est le fruit d'une collaboration entre le laboratoire CERTES et le SIARCE (syndicat des eaux ayant en charge les réseaux d'assainissement et des stations d'épuration en Essonne). Il s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet de Schéma Directeur Syndical des Energies Renouvelables et Ressources Réutilisables, qui permet de fixer les objectifs et les moyens de mise en œuvre de projets relatifs aux énergies renouvelables et à la récupération d'énergie. L'objectif est de réaliser une analyse du potentiel de récupération énergétique des effluents en sortie de station d'épuration et de proposer des solutions de mise en œuvre. Deux sites sont étudiés : la STEP de Vert-le-Grand d'une taille de 3970 équivalents habitants et traitant une charge hydraulique de l'ordre de 1400 \si{\cubic m}/jour et la STEP de Lardy-Janville d'une taille de 12680 EH et traitant une charge hydraulique de l'ordre de 2370 \si{\cubic m}/jour. La récupération de la chaleur des effluents en sortie de station a été considérée pour la STEP de Lardy-Janville, étant donné que le débit (70 \si{\cubic m}/h en moyenne annuelle) et la température (entre 10$^{\circ}$C et 20$^{\circ}$C suivant la saison) sont suffisants mais l'impossibilité d'utiliser localement la chaleur ou de l'injecter dans un réseau urbain ont remis en cause cette solution. L'idée originale de ce projet est alors de considérer cette ressource énergétique non pas comme une source chaude d'un procédé de production mais de l'envisager comme une source froide thermiquement très stable tout au long de l'année. L'option envisagée, objet de cette étude est donc la production d'électricité par un cycle thermodynamique de type ORC en utilisant un système à concentration solaire comme source chaude (rendu possible par la surface au sol disponible dans l'enceinte même des STEP) et d'utiliser les effluents de sortie comme source froide au condenseur de la boucle thermodynamique. Le principal avantage de cette solution est qu'elle utilise deux sources énergétiques gratuites et abondantes. Une pré-étude sur la STEP de Lardy-Janville a montré que pour un ensoleillement moyen de 400 W/m² sur une période allant de mars à septembre et une surface disponible d'environ 3500 m², la production d'électricité moyenne s'élèverait à plus 500 MWh, couvrant ainsi la totalité des besoins de la STEP sur la période donnée. La suite du travail est de compléter cette pré-étude par une modélisation plus fine des performances et de la production attendue en prenant en compte la variabilité des sources chaude et froide, puis de dimensionner et d'installer un démonstrateur sur site qui intégrera des solutions d'optimisation comme un système de stockage thermique. L'objectif est de faire la preuve du concept à l'aide de ce prototype avant d'envisager un déploiement à plus grande échelle.
Bibliographie der Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde von Stadt und Kanton Zürich: 1. Juni 1952 bis 31. Mai 1953
Creators: name: Sieber, Paul
Publisher: name: Buchdruckerei a/d. Sihl A.-G.
Year: 1953
Subjects: subject: 010 Bibliografie
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Zürich
subject: Bibliografie
subject: Geschichte
subject: Landeskunde
subject: Volkskunde

description: Separatdruck aus dem "Zürcher Taschenbuch" auf das Jahr 1954.
Bibliographie der Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde von Stadt und Kanton Zürich: 1. Juni 1951 bis 31. Mai 1952
Creators: name: Sieber, Paul
Publisher: name: Buchdruckerei a/d. Sihl A.-G.
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: 010 Bibliografie
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Zürich
subject: Bibliografie
subject: Geschichte
subject: Landeskunde
subject: Volkskunde

description: Separatdruck aus dem "Zürcher Taschenbuch" auf das Jahr 1953.
Bibliographie der Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde von Stadt und Kanton Zürich: 1. Juli 1938 bis 30. Juni 1939
Creators: name: Sieber, Paul
Publisher: name: Buchdruckerei a/d. Sihl A.-G.
Year: 1939
Subjects: subject: 010 Bibliografie
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Zürich
subject: Bibliografie
subject: Geschichte
subject: Landeskunde
subject: Volkskunde

description: Separatdruck aus dem "Zürcher Taschenbuch" auf das Jahr 1940.
title: Drei verlorene Jahrzehnte?: Japans langer Abschied vom »1940er-System«
Creators: name: Buchmeier, Yosuke
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Wirtschaft
subject: Noguchi, Yukio
subject: Geschichte 1989-2019
subject: 330.09

description: Three Lost Decades? Japan’s Long Farewell to the »1940 System« Marking the end of the Heisei era in 2019, economists took the opportunity to look back at Japan’s previous three decades. Although they differ in their analysis of causes and interpretation of events, they generally agree on the conclusion that the Japanese economy is not yet back on track. Starting with an introduction to Yukio Noguchi’s widely received concept of the »1940 System«, this paper then presents his recent analysis of the Heisei economy. As one of Japan’s most distinguished economists, and an outspoken critic of Abenomics, Noguchi has provided a much recognized analysis of the country’s economic development since the beginning of the post-Cold War era. He argues that after the real estate bubble burst in the early 1990s, Japanese companies were not aware of the fundamental changes that were occurring globally, i.e. primarily China’s rapid industrialization, the shift towards digital technologies, and, related to these, a groundbreaking change in business models from vertical integration to horizontal specialization. As a consequence, they were not able to react to these challenges in a timely and adequate manner. At the same time, economic policy, in particular monetary and fiscal policy, had a narcotic effect: instead of reviving the economy substantially, it rather led to the conservation of industrial structures, and failed to trigger any courageous reform. Even worse, the policy of the weak yen in the 2000s misled manufacturing companies to return production to Japan, a fatal strategic decision which in the end accelerated their decline. Noguchi concludes that both factors – the insufficient adjustment of the Japanese economy to global changes, and government policy as a hindrance rather than stimulus for reform – continue up to this day. His findings suggest that what is required is not more state involvement, but comprehensive reforms leading to an internationally competitive business environment that empowers the capacity of a diverse workforce, unleashes innovation and enhances productivity.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 172
title: Das Grasland von Aso zwischen gesellschaftlicher Schrumpfung und Landschaftserhalt
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Johannes
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Aso-Gebiet
subject: Landflucht
subject: Geschichte 1965-2020
subject: 307

description: Aso’s Grassland Caught between Social Decline and Landscape Preservation This paper examines current issues surrounding the preservation of a special cultural landscape (grassland and pastures) in Aso, central Kyūshū. The focus lies on tensions caused by social shrinkage and aging on one hand, and changes in local lifestyle on the other. Many aspects of the management of the local circular economy, aided by grassland and livestock use, became obsolete in the course of the modernization and, above all, motorization of agriculture and everyday life since about 1965. In order to better understand these relationships, the description of current problems and trends is built on a historical basis. Following a discussion, possible solutions are briefly touched upon.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 222
title: »Kommt auf keinen Fall nach Kyōto«: Von Touristenschwemme zu Touristenmangel in Japan, 2011–2020
Creators: name: Fuess, Harald
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Kyōto
subject: Tourismus
subject: Geschichte 2011-2020
subject: 915

description: »By all means, please don't come to Kyoto«: From Overtourism to Undertourism in Japan, 2011–2020 The Abe Government promoted inbound tourism under the slogan of a »tourist oriented nation« (kankō rikkoku) as part of its policies of economic revitalization. Among the measures were simplification of visa procedures, enlargement of airport and flight capacities, and the legalization of the »sharing economy« for accommodation. Economic actors of several nationalities took the opportunity to welcome many more foreign tourists to Japan than ever before. Since the Tohoku Earthquake of 2011, every year has seen an increase in the intake of international tourists to Japan, and policies to market Japan as an attractive travel destination prior to the Olympic Games appear to have been effective. However, since about 2018, active local resistance has grown against »too many« foreign tourists, and the media has criticized »overtourism« (ōbātsūrizumu) or »tourism pollution« (kankō kōgai). With the abrupt interruption of international flight routes since February 2020, inbound tourists stopped coming to Japan. Instead of overtourism, the issue of the day is undertourism, and many have started questioning whether they will ever return to the old normality of plenty. This article will first analyze the push and pull factors behind the successful Japanese national tourist promotion strategy. It will then show its effects on Kyoto, an internationally well-known historical tourist town, as it rapidly expanded its accommodation infrastructure. Finally, it depicts the concrete effects of Coronavirus policies on the local tourist industry and its practitioners to evaluate the possible outcomes of absorbing this unexpected external shock of unforeseen duration.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 250
title: Machine Learning-Driven Insights to Capture Hidden Feedstock Effect in the Pyrolysis Process and Real-World Optimization for Biochar and Bio-Oil Yields
title: Decoding Pyrolysis: A Gaussian Data-Driven Approach Reveals Hidden Feedstock Dynamics
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Abaei, Shayan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Supplementary Information: Data DescriptionThe dataset used in this study consists of 1691 experimental runs focused on biomass pyrolysis, including agricultural residues, forestry residues, and algae. It features 15 variables such as feedstock type, elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen), moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content, particle size, temperature, heating rate, inert gas flow rate, and residence time.

This data was utilized in a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model to predict biochar and bio-oil yields with R² scores of 0.86 and 0.87, respectively. The dataset underwent preprocessing, including normalization and encoding of categorical variables. The model also incorporated a genetic algorithm for optimizing pyrolysis conditions to maximize yields.

For further analysis or validation, the dataset and code are available at [10.5281/zenodo.13643488].
title: Akademische Fähigkeit in Form von Zahlen: Hensachi als doppeltes Ranking von Personen und Universitäten
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Markus
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Hochschule
subject: Student
subject: Studentin
subject: Ranking
subject: 378

description: Understanding Academic Ability Through Numbers: Hensachi as a Double Ranking of People and Institutions This article describes a specific way of ranking university programs and students in the Japanese education system, called hensachi. Although many different university rankings exist inside and outside Japan, this particular ranking system, produced by private education companies, seems to be the most important one for aspiring undergraduate students. It will be argued that this is due to practices accompanying the final years of middle and high school. Both provide the basis for production of this ranking and normalize its subsequent use. Based on an exploratory analysis of qualitative interviews with Japanese university students, a reconstruction of the system that produces this ranking will be provided. From the standpoint of students, the possible implications of reliance on this ranking system and available alternatives to it will be discussed. The analysis shows that the common understanding of an intelligent student and a good university are combined with specific practices of preparation for university entrance exams. When decisions about where and what to study are purely guided by those understandings, however, important education goals may be lost.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 283
title: Exotisierung und Internationalisierung in der Kulturgeschichte des Modeviertels Harajuku
Creators: name: Katzenberg, Jana
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Asien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Japan
subject: Tokio-Harajuku
subject: Mode
subject: 391

description: Exoticization and Internationalization in the Cultural History of the Fashion District of Harajuku In this research on the significance of the Tokyo district of Harajuku to the fashion scene, the discrepancy between its limited dimensions of barely two square kilometers and its great national and international relevance in pop culture is striking. When examining its unique logic, historical origins, and influence, it is this contrast that distinguishes the district from the rest of Tokyo. Throughout its development, the importance of international influence is one of the main threads that emerges. Whether it is direct contact with the foreign, its »authentic« representation, or exoticizing imagination, this construct is an effective element in shaping the identity of this neighborhood. Today, Harajuku is one of the places in Japan that is the center of international attention. Ascriptions that praise it as extraordinary, creative and individual have a directly visible influence on what is on offer: The Kawaii Monster Cafe, for example, projects the expectations of international guests back into the neighborhood, creating a brightly colored fantasy environment on site. In addition, this international attention has less visible effects on the self-perception of the local fashion scene. From the 1970s onwards, a self-confident scene developed here, creating local networks and career paths on a par with those of other fashion cities. Based on interviews with formative actors from Harajuku’s history, media content, and observations made on site, this article develops a brief cultural history of Harajuku from the post-war period onwards, with special attention to the complex meanings of exoticization and internationalization in this context.
description: Japan 2020: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, p. 316
Etude expérimentale des performances thermiques d'un mur Trombe
Creators: name: Laribi, Afef
name: Lepiller, Valérie
name: Begot, Sylvie
name: Ait Ouméziane, Yacine
name: Désévaux, Philippe
Publisher: name: Société Française de Thermique
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mur Trombe
énergies renouvelables
convection naturelle
rayonnement

description: Afin de limiter la consommation d'énergie carbonée et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre liées au secteur du bâtiment, les systèmes solaires passifs apparaissent comme une alternative intéressante pour répondre aux besoins de chauffage, de ventilation et de climatisation en permettant d'économiser jusqu'à 30 \% d'énergie consommée. Une des techniques passives les plus performantes réside dans l'utilisation de murs Trombe. Leur intégration au bâtiment permet de valoriser le rayonnement solaire en associant deux phénomènes physiques : l'effet de serre à travers un vitrage et l'inertie thermique du mur. Cette technique, qui a fait ses preuves en saison hivernale en permettant d'économiser jusqu'à 30 \% d'énergie consommée, présente des inconvénients en été du fait de la surchauffe qu'elle peut engendrer en captant un maximum d'énergie solaire. Ce travail porte sur l'étude expérimentale d'un mur Trombe et de son comportement thermique. Pour les besoins de cette étude, une maquette à échelle réduite a été réalisée et installée au sein de notre laboratoire. Elle représente un mur Trombe de type classique intégrant un local de dimensions 1,97 x 1,908 x 1,867 \si{\cubic m}. Le mur Trombe est composé de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur d'un vitrage (8 mm d'épaisseur) séparé d'une paroi stockeuse opaque par une lame d'air ventilée d'épaisseur réglable et fixée dans le cadre de cette étude à 19 cm, ce qui correspond au dixième de la hauteur du mur. Afin de favoriser les échanges thermiques convectifs, des ouïes sont installées en parties haute et basse de la paroi stockeuse. La maquette est construite en ossature bois isolée en polystyrène et la paroi stockeuse est en béton cellulaire d'épaisseur 20 cm peint en noir. L'éclairement du mur est simulé par une source de lumière artificielle permettant de de contrôler l'ensoleillement et dont le spectre lumineux se rapproche de celui de la lumière solaire. La maquette est instrumentée afin de suivre les évolutions de température, flux thermique, humidité et vitesse dans différentes zones du système. Au total, 68 thermocouples, 16 fluxmètres, 9 hygromètres et 2 anémomètres sont implantés sur la maquette et reliés à un système d'acquisition de données. Les premiers résultats expérimentaux obtenus permettent une description du comportement thermo-aéraulique du système mur Trombe et une analyse de ses performances thermiques à travers plusieurs paramètres décrivant les aspects thermo-aérauliques locaux et l'efficacité thermique du système. Les données expérimentales recueillies doivent également permettre la validation d'un modèle CFD du système mur Trombe.