cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Nontargeted metabolomics reveals the potential mechanism underlying the association between birthweight and metabolic disturbances
Creators: name: Zhai, Xiao
name: Liu, Jieying
name: Yu, Miao
name: Zhang, Qian
name: Li, Ming
name: Zhao, Nan
name: Liu, Juntao
name: Song, Yingna
name: Ma, Liangkun
name: Li, Rongrong
name: Qiao, Zongxu
name: Zhao, Guifen
name: Wang, Ruiping
name: Xiao, Xinhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. OPLS-DA for negative mode.
$K\toππ$ Decays in SU(2) Chiral Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Bijnens, Johan
name: Celis, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decays $K\toππ$ in one-loop two-flavour Chiral Perturbation Theory. We provide arguments why the calculation of the coefficient of the pionic chiral logarithm $\logm = M^2\log M^2$ is unique and then perform the calculation. As a check we perform the reduction of the known three-flavour result. The underlying arguments are expected to be valid for heavier particles and other processes as well.
description: 11 pages, Section 3 expanded and made more structured. Comments on lattice and relation to FSI added
The Price Isn't Right
Creators: name: Goeman, Carly J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Surging pharmaceutical prices in the United States create financial strain for patients, insurance companies, and state and federal governments. Regulatory delays and coverage denials due to product prices can also affect shareholders of pharmaceutical companies by depressing stock prices. While a number of industry leaders have acknowledged that dramatic price hikes can damage their businesses, many pharmaceutical companies have not demonstrated a willingness to scale back prices. This Note considers the use of shareholder proposals to address drug pricing policies at the company level. While shareholders of most companies are generally unable to address pricing policies, a carve-out created by the Securities and Exchange Commission allows shareholders of publicly traded pharmaceutical companies to do so. This Note studies how shareholders can use the carve-out to push for price restraint by either causing a company to include a price restraint proposal in its proxy materials and annual meeting or causing management to negotiate with proponent shareholders in order to convince the shareholders to withdraw their proposals. By evaluating the success of prior attempts to impact drug prices through shareholder proposals, this Note concludes that institutional investors are the linchpin of shareholder success, whether that success is through a vote at the annual meeting or a compromise at the negotiation table. This Note therefore calls on institutional investors to evaluate their portfolios and consider using shareholder proposals to unlock firm value and relieve the financial pressure created by rapidly rising drug prices.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 2
title: A comparative study of community and militancy in two coalmining settlements in Britain
Creators: name: Park, Adrian
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Miners' militancy and close-knit community have become synonymous terms in many people's minds. Miners displayed solidaristic tendencies above ground in their union activities as a mirror image of their relationships below ground. The toughness of their job translated into toughness in their political and industrial attitudes. Living in traditionally isolated communities miners could rely only upon each other for support and understanding. The women living precarious existences in these settlements were likewise. Children were socialised into their respective male/female, dominant/submissive roles. Such was the reputation of coalminers - the vanguard of the labour movement. It permeated media images and informed the general public's opinion of miners, their womenfolk and their communities. Miners themselves fell victim to their own mythologising. The literature on the subject, fictional and non-fictional, has often been semi-hagiographic, adding to the myth. Recent historiography, however, has done much to deconstruct this, largely sentimental, notion of miners and their communities. Close examination of miners' history shows a tradition of splits and rivalries rather than solidarity - federalism rather than national unity. Isolated mass and occupational community have been shown to be concepts applicable to some coalmining settlements, not all. As an attempt at universality they fall far short. Indeed, the whole ideal of community has been so seriously questioned as a useful or workable construct that it remains stuck at the level of abstract. That, however, has not stopped the term being increasingly used and abused by politicians, sociologists, historians and journalists. We are all communitarians now. The 1984-85 miners' strike served to inform traditional and radical opinion of the nature of miners and their militant, solidaristic tendencies. Miners on strike for a whole year, supported by their communities was the traditional image. Milers who worked and crossed picket lines was the radical. Historically aware observers understood, however, that what was radical was in fact traditional and that the solidarity displayed by striking miners throughout twelve months was a radical break with the past. Ivfilitancy/moderacy levels and the nature of community maybe linked, but generalisations about specific miners and their penchant for industrial action are inappropriate. All miners are capable of extreme militancy and moderacy. Individual areas must be examined in the context of their whole history rather than that of specific events. And as more case studies, written from a national as well as regional viewpoint, are added to the historiography of mining, the whole picture of miners, their communities and their (un)willingness to take industrial action starts to become complete. With the rundown of the mining industry virtually completed, writing about miners and their lives has an air of finality - a genuine sense of history rather than journalism.
Additional file 4 of Nontargeted metabolomics reveals the potential mechanism underlying the association between birthweight and metabolic disturbances
Creators: name: Zhai, Xiao
name: Liu, Jieying
name: Yu, Miao
name: Zhang, Qian
name: Li, Ming
name: Zhao, Nan
name: Liu, Juntao
name: Song, Yingna
name: Ma, Liangkun
name: Li, Rongrong
name: Qiao, Zongxu
name: Zhao, Guifen
name: Wang, Ruiping
name: Xiao, Xinhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Characteristics of mothers and their offspring. Table S2. Correlation of U-shape metabolites and blood index in cord blood. Table S3. Correlation of Line-shape metabolites and blood index in cord blood.
Non-perturbative theory of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in open and dispersive optical systems
Creators: name: Krstić, Aleksa
name: Setzpfandt, Frank
name: Saravi, Sina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a non-perturbative formulation based on the Green-function quantization method, that can describe spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the high-gain regime in nonlinear optical structures with arbitrary amount of loss and dispersion. This formalism opens the way for description and design of arbitrary complex and/or open nanostructured nonlinear optical systems in quantum technology applications, such as squeezed-light generation, nonlinearity-based quantum sensing, and hybrid quantum systems mediated by nonlinear interactions. As an example case, we numerically investigate the scenario of integrated quantum spectroscopy with undetected photons, in the high-gain regime, and uncover novel gain-dependent effects in the performance of the system.
National Anti-Vulture Funds Legislation
Creators: name: Wozny, Lucas
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Sovereign distressed debt investors can create holdout problems during sovereign restructurings. Scholars have suggested a wide-range of normative solutions to alleviate these holdout problems, including ad hoc deals, the creation of a multilateral international sovereign bankruptcy framework, the insertion of collective-action clauses into bonds, the expansion of judicial discretion, and the return of the doctrines of comity and sovereign immunity. However, national legislatures have increasingly begun to exhibit a preference for adopting national legislative solutions to this issue. In 2015, Belgium passed the broadest Anti-Vulture Funds Law to date, which is significant because the law impacts the Euroclear payment system. While this law has received high praise from the United Nations and from other nations also considering passing similar legislation, a careful analysis demonstrates it is not sensitive to the benefits that vulture funds bring, such as providing incentives to sovereigns to form more efficient capital structures, providing a moral hazard counterbalance, serving as liquidity providers on the secondary distressed-debt market, and providing information to the market. If adopted by other nations, Belgium’s law can eliminate the secondary distressed debt market by blocking liquidity-providers from the market. As a result, national legislatures should avoid using Belgium’s law as model law, but rather, enact legislation that enhances active settlement discussions without compromising the bargaining power or rights of either the sovereign or the vulture funds.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 2
Dynamics of the Local Universe: cosmic velocity flows and voids
Creators: name: Lavaux, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A valuable amount of information is available in peculiar velocities of galaxies. Peculiar velocity surveys have recently allowed the discovery of potential problems with LCDM. Nonetheless, their direct observation through distance measurements remains a daunting task. Another way of considering the problem is to use orbit reconstruction methods assuming some mass-to-light assignment for galaxies. We give here two applications of this procedure for the study of large-scale bulk flows and the dynamics of voids in the Local Universe. We concentrate our study on the use of the Monge-Ampere-Kantorovitch reconstruction technique. Using peculiar velocities reconstructed from the 2MASS Galaxy Redshift Survey, and after comparison with the NGB-3k peculiar velocity catalog, we look in the details of these peculiar velocities. More particularly, we estimate the constraints that the peculiar velocities put on the cosmology. The information on dynamics that is included in reconstructed orbits of galaxies also allows us to have a much better prescription for defining and identifying voids in simulations and redshift catalogs. We present this new technique and how voids may give us additional constraints on cosmology with current and future surveys.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, Proceeding of the conference "The Invisible Universe International Conference", ed. J-M. Alimi, A. Fuzfa, P-S. Corasaniti, AIP pub
Survey for the introduction of ART in The Gambia
Creators: name: Bittaye, Haddy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: gambia
subject: Infertility
subject: reproductive health

description: Raw data from Bittaye et al., entitled "Perspectives on the introduction of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in The Gambia by healthcare professionals and medical students. "
To Thine Own CEO Be True
Creators: name: Fisher, William O.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Eight-figure compensation. Cash. Restricted stock. Options. Performance shares. And more. Companies shower their CEOs with pay in large amounts, delivered in multiple ways, and dependent on complex and intricate formulae. It is all intended to motivate the top officers to make decisions that will best benefit their companies. Common sense tells us that the value of a complicated, multifaceted pay package—and hence its ability to motivate—will depend on the psychological characteristics and financial circumstances of the particular executive being paid. Economic theory and empirical studies confirm this intuition. Yet, companies generally ignore these vital factors. Substantive and disclosure law should push them to take these key variables into account.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 2
Az egyszerre beszélések jellemzői háromfős társalgásokban
Creators: name: Horváth, Viktória
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: Overlapping speech in spontaneous conversations Overlapping speech is claimed to be an „error” in the conversations by some authors, yet it is a frequent phenomenon is spontaneous conversations. Overlapping speech was investigated by just a few studies in Hungarian. Furthermore, the correlation of the main functions and the duration of overlapping speech was also less investigated as well as the realization of the phenomenon with regard to the participants’ age and role in conversations. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of overlapping speech (frequency, duration, types) in spontaneous conversations. 10 conversations were selected from the Hungarian Spontaneous Speech Database. Three speakers participated in each conversation; two of them were constant in each case: the interviewer (Int) and the second speaker (S2). S1 speaker was the experimental person: 5 female speakers ages between 25 and 35 years, while 5 female speakers ages between 60 and 65 years. The total material was more than 2 hours long, it was manually annotated using Praat. The frequency, the duration and the function of overlapping speech were analyzed. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0. Results showed that the frequency of overlapping speech changed during the conversations: it was more frequent at the end of the conversational units – overlapping speech play an important role in turn-takings. The two main functional categories (starting a turn/backchanneling) was separable by their duration: the backchannelling overlaps were shorter than overlaps in the other main function. In addition, unsuccessful turn takings were preceded by longer overlapping speech than successful turn-takings. Short overlaps preceding turn-takings reﬂect to the extensive prediction in turn-takings.
Molecular and Atomic Gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud II. Three-dimensional Correlation between CO and HI
Creators: name: Fukui, Y.
name: Kawamura, A.
name: Wong, T.
name: Murai, M.
name: Iritani, H.
name: Mizuno, N.
name: Mizuno, Y.
name: Onishi, T.
name: Hughes, A.
name: Ott, J.
name: Muller, E.
name: Staveley-Smith, L.
name: Kim, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the CO J =(1-0) and HI emission in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) in three dimensions, i.e. including a velocity axis in addition to the two spatial axes, with the aim of elucidating the physical connection between giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and their surrounding HI gas. The CO J =1-0 dataset is from the second NANTEN CO survey and the HI dataset is from the merged Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and Parkes Telescope surveys. The major findings of our analysis are: 1) GMCs are associated with an envelope of HI emission, 2) in GMCs [average CO intensity] is proportional to [average HI intensity]^[1.1+-0.1] and 3) the HI intensity tends to increase with the star formation activity within GMCs, from Type I to Type III. An analysis of the HI envelopes associated with GMCs shows that their average linewidth is 14 km s-1 and the mean density in the envelope is 10 cm-3. We argue that the HI envelopes are gravitationally bound by GMCs. These findings are consistent with a continual increase in the mass of GMCs via HI accretion at an accretion rate of 0.05 Msun/yr over a time scale of 10 Myr. The growth of GMCs is terminated via dissipative ionization and/or stellar-wind disruption in the final stage of GMC evolution.
description: 31 pages, including 13 figures and 2 tables to appear in ApJ. PDF with higher resolution figures is also available at http://www.a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawamura/research/LMC_CO_HI_II_preprint.pdf
Putting Directors’ Money Where Their Mouths Are
Creators: name: Shilon, Nitzan
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: This paper aims to improve shareholder protection from underpriced bids in takeover situations. Target boards, as stewards of the corporation who typically possess superior information about the desirability of unsolicited bids, can be expected to protect their shareholders from such bids. Unfortunately, because they have a conflict of interest with their shareholders in takeover situations, they tend to reject hostile bids to an excessive degree. Moreover, the current Delaware doctrine is ineffective in monitoring boards’ responses to takeovers, largely because boards might use selective inside information to which the courts lack access and because their judgments are backed by subjective, hard-to-attack legal and financial expert opinions which courts are ill-equipped to challenge. To rectify the problems of courts’ and shareholders’ inferior information as well as boards’ skewed incentives, I propose an arrangement in which target boards wishing to veto nonstructurally coercive takeover bids would be encouraged to demonstrate their opposition by committing to buy, if the bid fails, and hold for a specified period of time a certain amount of target stock at the bid price. The directors would be incentivized to follow the arrangement because it would require courts, in a potential fiduciary duties lawsuit, to give directors’ commitments significant weight when evaluating their defense that they rejected the bid to protect their shareholders. Adopting the proposed arrangement can significantly address important problems in corporate takeovers that have long claimed the attention of corporate law scholars and financial economists. In particular, inducing target boards to credibly transmit their genuine bottom-line understanding about the desirability of a bid would offset the courts’ inability to review the directors’ decision effectively. Imposing personal costs that the directors would uniquely incur if they wish to reject hostile bids would counteract the directors’ ex-post incentive to reject hostile bids excessively. Increasing the directors’ cost of a takeover attempt would improve market discipline and motivate the directors to increase firm value and reduce agency costs. Finally, favoring firms with high long-term value would protect them from myopic bidders and alleviate their unrelenting pressure to meet quarterly earnings expectations. For these reasons, the proposed arrangement could greatly improve corporate takeover dynamics.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 2
Theory of exciton-polariton condensation in gap-confined eigenmodes
Creators: name: Nigro, Davide
name: Gerace, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciton-polaritons are bosonic-like elementary excitations in semiconductors, which have been recently shown to display large occupancy of topologically protected polariton bound states in the continuum in suitably engineered photonic lattices [Nature {\bf 605}, 447 (2022)], compatible with the definition of polariton condensation. However, a full theoretical description of such condensation mechanism that is based on a non equilibrium Gross-Pitaevskii formulation is still missing. Given that the latter is well known to account for polariton condensation in conventional semiconductor microcavities, here we report on its multi-mode generalization, showing that it allows to fully interpret the recent experimental findings in patterned photonic lattices, including emission characteristics and condensation thresholds. Beyond that, it is shown that the polariton condensation in these systems is actually the result of an interplay between negative mass confinement of polariton eigenstates (e.g., due to the photonic gap originated from the periodic pattern in plane) and polariton losses. We are then able to show that polariton condensation can also occur in gap-confined bright modes, i.e., coupling of QW excitons to a dark photonic mode is not necessarily required to achieve a macroscopic occupation with low population threshold.
Minimal surfaces in $S^3$ foliated by circles
Creators: name: Kutev, N.
name: Milousheva, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10, 35J60, 53A07, 35A07

description: We deal with minimal surfaces in the unit sphere $S^3$, which are one-parameter families of circles. Minimal surfaces in $\R^3$ foliated by circles were first investigated by Riemann, and a hundred years later Lawson constructed examples of such surfaces in $S^3$. We prove that in $S^3$ there are only two types of minimal surfaces foliated by circles, crossing the principal lines at a constant angle. The first type surfaces are foliated by great circles, which are bisectrices of the principal lines, and we show that these minimal surfaces are the well-known examples of Lawson. The second type surfaces, which are new in the literature, are families of small circles, and the circles are principal lines. We give a constructive formula for these surfaces. An application to the theory of minimal foliated semi-symmetric hypersurfaces in $\R^4$ is given.
description: 17 pages
Searches for dark matter decay with ultra-high-energy neutrinos endure backgrounds
Creators: name: Fiorillo, Damiano F. G.
name: Valera, Victor
name: Bustamante, Mauricio
name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next-generation ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrino telescopes, presently under planning, will have the potential to probe the decay of heavy dark matter (DM) into UHE neutrinos, with energies in excess of $10^7$~GeV. Yet, this potential may be deteriorated by the presence of an unknown background of UHE neutrinos, cosmogenic or from astrophysical sources, not of DM origin and seemingly large enough to obscure the DM signature. We show that leveraging the angular and energy distributions of detected events safeguards future searches for DM decay against such backgrounds. We focus on the radio-detection of UHE neutrinos in the planned IceCube-Gen2 neutrino telescope, which we model in state-of-the-art detail. We report promising prospects for the discovery potential of DM decay into UHE neutrinos, the measurement of DM mass and lifetime, and limits on the DM lifetime, despite the presence of a large background, without prior knowledge of its size and shape.
description: Version accepted for publication in PRD; 19 pages, 13 figures, plus 4 figures in appendix
Globus Service Enhancements for Exascale Applications and Facilities
Creators: name: Zheng, Weijian
name: Kordas, Jack
name: Skluzacek, Tyler J.
name: Kettimuthu, Raj
name: Foster, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many extreme-scale applications require the movement of large quantities of data to, from, and among leadership computing facilities, as well as other scientific facilities and the home institutions of facility users. These applications, particularly when leadership computing facilities are involved, can touch upon edge cases (e.g., terabyte files) that had not been a focus of previous Globus optimization work, which had emphasized rather the movement of many smaller (megabyte to gigabyte) files. We report here on how automated client-driven chunking can be used to accelerate both the movement of large files and the integrity checking operations that have proven to be essential for large data transfers. We present detailed performance studies that provide insights into the benefits of these modifications in a range of file transfer scenarios.
Queer newcomer youth's understandings of sexual orientation through the process of school integration
Creators: name: Toews, Julia Breanne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Understandings of sexual orientation vary across individuals, cultures, geographic regions, and time. In queer theory, sexual orientation is seen as a social construction that is understood through the subjective experience of individuals. Queer newcomer youth are defined as immigrants, refugees, and international student youth between the ages of 19 and 24 who have immigrated in the last five years and identify broadly as non-heterosexual (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, asexual, queer, questioning etc.) (hereafter, QNY). QNY experience a process known as school integration, which is defined broadly as the adjustment of newcomer youth to student life both inside and outside school spaces. For these youth, school integration may also entail negotiating competing cultural understandings of sexual orientation with those of their host country. This process and the resulting understandings of sexual orientations may be of particular importance to QNY, as adolescence is considered a significant period for sexual identity development. However, extant literature has focussed on Western-centric, non-immigrant understandings of sexuality and sexual orientation and has subsequently failed to consider the intersectional experiences and understandings of QNY. In this study, I used a phenomenographic methodology guided by a queer theory theoretical framework to explore, understand, and compare various ways QNY understand sexual orientation through the process of school integration. The aim of this study was to explore the ways QNY understand sexual orientation, and to inform broader conceptualizations of school integration and immigration. Data analysis revealed four qualitatively different understandings of sexual orientation collectively held by QNY: (a) attraction to gender; (b) attraction to type; (c) what you do; and (d) what you feel. Findings are discussed in the context of van Anders’ (2015) sexual configurations theory and Fuks et al.’s (2018) integrative model of cultural, sexual and gender identity development, alongside extant queer immigration, and sexuality literature. Limitations and strengths of this study, and implications for school psychology practice, training, research, and policy are also discussed.
Comparative clustering analysis of variable stars in the Hipparcos, OGLE Large Magellanic Cloud and CoRoT exoplanet databases
Creators: name: Sarro, L. M.
name: Debosscher, J.
name: Aerts, C.
name: López, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Discovery of new variability classes in large surveys using multivariate statistics techniques such as clustering, relies heavily on the correct understanding of the distribution of known classes as point processes in parameter space. Aims. Our objective is to analyze the correspondence between the classical stellar variability types and the clusters found in the distribution of light curve parameters and colour indices of stars in the CoRoT exoplanet sample. The final aim is to help in the identification on new types of variability by first identifying the well known variables in the CoRoT sample. Methods. We apply unsupervised classification algorithms to identify clusters of variable stars from modes of the probability density distribution. We use reference variability databases (Hipparcos and OGLE) as a framework to calibrate the clustering methodology. Furthermore, we use the results from supervised classification methods to interpret the resulting clusters. Results.We interpret the clusters in the Hipparcos and OGLE LMC databases in terms of large-amplitude radial pulsators in the classical instability strip and of various types of eclipsing binaries. The Hipparcos data also provide clear distributions for low-amplitude nonradial pulsators. We show that the preselection of targets for the CoRoT exoplanet programme results in a completely different probability density landscape than the OGLE data, the interpretation of which involves mainly classes of low-amplitude variability in main-sequence stars. Our findings will be incorporated to improve the supervised classification used in the CoRoT catalogue production, once the existence of new classes or subtypes will be confirmed from complementary spectroscopic observations.
description: Accepted for publication is Astronomy and Astrophysics. Official acceptance date: May 18th, 2009 49 pages including online material (main article in 16 pages). 51 figures in total
Twitter Trouble
Creators: name: Hsia, Julie
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: The Communications Decency Act affords Internet service providers (ISPs) immunity from liability for defamation, among other crimes, to allow self-policing of websites. However, due to this immunity, websites have no incentive to remove defamatory content, which undermines the entire purpose of the Communications Decency Act. To improve this statute and promote the removal of defamatory content, the United States should follow in the footsteps of countries with more effective Internet laws. This Note presupposes that a higher percentage of Twitter removal requests in which Twitter has withheld some content indicates a higher efficacy of the Internet laws in those countries. The data published by Twitter shows that France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, and Russia are the top five countries in terms of percentage of removal requests with which Twitter has complied. Four of these five countries have laws similar to the notice and takedown provision of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which requires an Internet service provider to quickly remove content once made aware of its unlawful nature. Therefore, a notice and takedown provision with a critical opinion safe harbor should be added to the Communications Decency Act.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 1
A diskurzusjelölők a telefonos ügyfélszolgálati beszélgetésekben
Creators: name: Schirm, Anita
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: Type, frequency and function of discourse markers (e.g. hát „well”, jó „right”, ugye „[tag]”, szóval „so”) present important information about the text types. In this paper I show what text type dependent and independent features of discourse markers can be observed in a corpus built from call center conversations. Moreover, I also exhibit how these elements reﬂect unintentionally the feelings of participants and how these elements improve or deteriorate the eﬃciency of the communication. On the part of the operator, recording the call requires exact relaying of the information and swift problem solving, and this is aided by reformulation markers, politeness phenomena, and mitigating discourse markers. The recording of the conversation and the semi-institutional situation often makes callers uneasy, which is manifested in their searching for words, and use of disﬂuency phenomena and mitigating elements. Due to question–answer adjacency pairs, the use of discourse markers employed as general answer markers are frequent in the speech of both types of speakers. However, role-speciﬁc usage appears in operators using jó? to conﬁrm, and hát as a politeness element and mitigator. Operators are required to be objective in their style and to attempt to calm down callers besides providing the required information. Callers often start conversations with a negative attitude, and their strong emotionality, indignation, anger, and irony is clearly detectable in the discourse markers they use.
Neutralino dark matter annihilation to monoenergetic gamma rays as a signal of low mass superstrings
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Goldberg, Haim
name: Hooper, Dan
name: Marfatia, Danny
name: Taylor, Tomasz R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider extensions of the standard model based on open strings ending on D-branes, in which gauge bosons and their associated gauginos exist as strings attached to stacks of D-branes, and chiral matter exists as strings stretching between intersecting D-branes. Under the assumptions that the fundamental string scale is in the TeV range and the theory is weakly coupled, we study models of supersymmetry for which signals of annihilating neutralino dark matter are observable. In particular, we construct a model with a supersymmetric R-symmetry violating (but R-parity conserving) effective Lagrangian that allows for the s-wave annihilation of neutralinos, once gauginos acquire mass through an unspecified mechanism. The model yields bino-like neutralinos (with the measured relic abundance) that annihilate to a gamma-gamma final state with a substantial branching fraction (~ 10%) that is orders of magnitude larger than in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. A very bright gamma-ray spectral line could be observed by gamma-ray telescopes.
description: 9 revtex pages, 2 figures
Disappearing Stock Options
Creators: name: Ades-Laurent, Gala
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Executive compensation has skyrocketed over the last thirty years, largely due to an increased use of equity pay. Corporations were able to generously compensate their top executives, and, at least in the short term, link executive pay to firm performance. Thanks to modifications to the tax code and accounting rules in 1993, public companies favored the grant of options over stock. Yet this produced perverse incentives, including excessive risk-taking and a heightened focus on short-term stock performance, which many commentators and policy-makers believed culminated in the 2008 financial crisis. In response, public resentment swelled, spurring academic debates, congressional hearings, and statutory changes. This trend shifted in the past decade as companies now impel conservative behavior through executive compensation. This Note presents the first comprehensive study of the change in the equity composition of executive compensation after the financial crisis. For the first time, stock grants overtook options as the dominant form of equity pay. The evidence shows that the movement away from stock options is largely a response to the panoply of federal efforts to control ‘excessive’ executive compensation and mitigate risk. This finding has important implications for regulators and shareholders alike who wish to offset managerial influence over executive pay at public companies.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 1
Workplace Wellness Programs and The Interplay Between The ADA’s Prohibition On Disability-Related Inquiries and Insurance Safe Harbor
Creators: name: Che, Erica
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: The EEOC’s May 2016 final rule on employer wellness programs, along with two recent rulings by courts in Wisconsin, reflects the growing pains of a legal doctrine developing under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) regarding the application of the statute’s provisions to wellness program requirements. This Note evaluates how ADA provisions should apply to two common components of workplace wellness programs, health risk assessments and biometric screenings, and the use of incentives by employers to increase employee participation in such programs. In particular, this Note examines the interplay of the ADA’s restrictions on medical examinations and inquiries, its exception for examinations and inquiries that are part of “voluntary” employee health programs, and its insurance “safe harbor” provision. After outlining inconsistencies in the application of the ADA’s provisions in recent “safe harbor” cases, this Note aims to clarify the debate and build on the EEOC’s new regulatory guidance by providing a comprehensive analysis of the ADA’s limits on health screening programs.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 1
Entropy Bounds for Rotating AdS Black Holes
Creators: name: Amo, Masaya
name: Frassino, Antonia M.
name: Hennigar, Robie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose novel thermodynamic inequalities that apply to stationary asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes. These inequalities incorporate the thermodynamic volume and refine the reverse isoperimetric inequality. To assess the validity of our conjectures, we apply them to a wide range of analytical black hole solutions, observing compelling evidence in their favour. Intriguingly, our findings indicate that these inequalities may also apply for black holes of non-spherical horizon topology, as we show their validity as well for thin black rings in AdS.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure; v2: updated to match published version
Urban Green Space Planning, Policy Implementation, and Challenges: The Case of Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Eshetu, Shibire Bekele
name: Yeshitela Habtemariam, Kumelachew
name: Sieber, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: green infrastructure
subject: planning principles
subject: strategies
subject: masterplan
subject: 333.7 Landflächen, Naturräume für Freizeit und Erholung, Naturreservate, Energie
subject: 690 Bau von Gebäuden

description: Urban forestry and green spaces have less priority in urban planning. This research intends to assess the policy and planning of urban green spaces with their potential implementation status and challenges in planning and implementation. The general objective is to assess urban green space planning, policy, and implementation strategies and challenges encountered in Addis Ababa. The primary data was collected through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation; secondary data from a literature review along with examining policy and masterplans of Addis Ababa has been used. The mapping of stakeholder and institutional arrangements is analyzed using stakeholders’ consultation. Triangulation is used for data validation and analysis. Existing policy and proclamations must be supported by legislative regulations and implementation frameworks that provide the basis for concrete action plans. The incentives stipulated by the forest policy are not implemented to the required level. The 10th masterplan of the city (2017–2027) shows that the city will increase its green area development and public recreation coverage to 30% by 2020. Principles, such as multi-functionality, connectivity, green-grey interaction, and social inclusiveness, are considered in the planning of the green space development in the 10th masterplan. The research concludes that regulations and directives are not clearly drafted by responsible bodies, and low enforcement is hardly applied with respect to the green space development of Addis Ababa.
Reconciliation of CDM abundance and $μ\to eγ$ in a radiative seesaw model
Creators: name: Suematsu, Daijiro
name: Toma, Takashi
name: Yoshida, Tetsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine relic abundance of a singlet fermion as a CDM candidate, which contributes to the neutrino mass generation through radiative seesaw mechanism. We search solutions for Yukawa couplings and the mass spectrum of relevant fields to explain neutrino oscillation data. For such solutions, we show that an abundance of a lightest singlet fermion can be consistent with WMAP data without conflicting with both bounds of $μ\to eγ$ and $τ\to μγ$. This reconciliation does not need any modification of the original radiative seesaw model other than by specifying flavor structure of Yukawa couplings and taking account of coannihilation effects.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, accepted version for publication,
The Role of Social Enterprise and Hybrid Organizations
Creators: name: Eldar, Ofer
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Recent years have brought remarkable growth in hybrid organizations that combine profit-seeking and social missions. Despite popular enthusiasm for such organizations, legal reforms to facilitate their formation and growth— particularly, legal forms for hybrid firms—have largely been ineffective. This shortcoming stems in large part from the lack of a theory that identifies the structural and functional elements that make some types of hybrid organizations more effective than others. In pursuit of such a theory, this Article focuses on a large class of hybrid organizations that has been effective in addressing development problems, such as increasing access to capital and improving employment opportunities. These organizations, which are commonly referred to as “social enterprises,” include microfinance institutions, firms that sell fair trade products, work integration firms, and low-cost sellers of essential goods and services such as eyeglasses, bed nets, and healthcare. The common characteristic of social enterprises is that they have a transactional relationship with their beneficiaries, who are either purchasers of the firms’ goods or services or suppliers of inputs (including labor) to the firm. The essence of this Article’s theory is that through these transactions, social enterprises perform a measurement role; that is, they measure or gather information on their patron-beneficiaries’ abilities to transact with commercial firms (for example, workers’ skills, borrowers’ creditworthiness, and consumers’ ability to pay). That information permits social enterprises to tailor the form and amount of subsidies to the specific needs of individual beneficiaries. This “measurement” function makes social enterprises relatively effective vehicles for allocating subsidies as compared to traditional donative organizations and other forms of hybrid organization, in particular firms that pursue corporate social responsibility policies. Thus, the measurement function can serve as the basis for designing a legal form for social enterprises.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 1
High Cost, Little Compensation, No Harm to Deter
Creators: name: Johnston, Jason Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Working from a sample of all consumer class actions filed in the Northern District of Illinois during 2010–2012 (totaling 510), this Article reports and analyzes data on class actions under four federal consumer protection statutes, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (“EFTA”), the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”), and the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”). Even assuming that the TCPA cases alleged actual harm to the named plaintiff, over half the cases in the sample sought statutory damages without an allegation of harm to the plaintiff. Especially in large class actions, only 10% to 15% of the class received compensation, and the aggregate compensation paid to the class is far less than the stated or nominal class settlement fund amount. Because courts award attorneys’ fees based on the nominal settlement amount, attorneys’ fees are a very large fraction of the amount paid to the class, and for some case types attorneys’ fees average 300% to 400% of the amount paid to the class. With low class compensation rates and attorneys’ fees to class counsel that often dwarf total class compensation, such class actions are highly inefficient means of awarding compensation to consumers. As the actual harm in such cases is, at best, small, consumers would likely have little ex-ante demand for insurance against such harm. Because statutory damages are far greater than the actual harm and relatively uniform and independent of actual harm, the system likely leads to a misallocation of efforts of class counsel toward such high statutory damage cases and away from cases with bigger harm but smaller statutory damages. In Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins, 578 U.S. __ (2016), the Supreme Court recently articulated a test for standing in actions brought under precisely the sort of no-harm, statutory damage provisions studied here. This Article concludes by evaluating possible solutions to socially wasteful no-harm causes of action under federal consumer protection statutes. One possibility is that under Spokeo, courts could screen true no-harm cases from the costly class-action process. Another is that through better monitoring of class settlement terms, district courts could lower the costs of class actions and restore balance between costs and benefits. The final reform possibility analyzed in this Article is Congressional amendment of no-harm statutory damage provisions.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 1