cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Colloidal atomically-thin inorganic nanoflowers for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Creators: name: Sokolikova, Maria
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Layered metal chalcogenides include several classes of inorganic solids characterised by weak van der Waals bonding between the two-dimensional structural blocks. Bulk counterparts of layered transition metal dichalcogenides have been extensively investigated for decades for applications in catalysis and energy storage, whereas bulk pnictogen chalcogenides have attracted a significant attention due to their excellent thermoelectric properties. Following the successful isolation of graphene, the exploration of two-dimensional materials derived from bulk crystals has begun. Compared to graphene, atomically-thin sheets of layered metal chalcogenides offer a variety of disparate electronic structures, ranging from semiconductors and semimetals to topological insulators, owing to the diverse compositions and lattice symmetry of individual layers. In order to implement the isolated layers of metal chalcogenides in novel nanoelectronics and miniaturised electrochemical devices, methods to produce two-dimensional nanosheets with high yield and in a controllable manner need to be developed. Colloidal synthesis holds a great promise for a large-scale preparation of dispersions of atomically-thin metal chalcogenide nanosheets for applications not requiring high structural perfection of the material, such as catalysis. Furthermore, wet chemical synthesis is a particularly powerful approach to obtain the material with desired morphology, crystal phase, and composition via the accurate tailoring of the precursors’ reactivity. However, a controllable colloidal synthesis of metal chalcogenide nanosheets is still at a very early stage. In this work, we design a colloidal synthesis of atomically-thin layered metal chalcogenide (MoSe2, MoTe2, Bi2Te3, WSe2) nanoflowers from molecular precursors. We systematically investigate the effect of synthesis parameters, such as type and stoichiometry of metal precursor, coordinating solvent and growth temperature, on the morphology (MoSe2) and lateral termination (Bi2Te3) of the colloidal branched nanosheets. We demonstrate how by optimising the precursor reactivity, the formation of chemically-unstable MoTe2 and direct growth of the metastable WSe2 polymorph can be achieved. The designed synthesis strategy was successfully modified to obtain doped material (Fe- and Cu-doped WSe2) and ternary compositions (WxMo1-xSe2), preserving the edge-rich morphology of colloidal nanoflowers. The colloidal nanoflowers were tested as a catalyst material for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Furthermore, potential improvement of the catalytic activity due to the composition variation and crystal phase engineering was examined.
The quantum defect: the true measure of time-dependent density-functional results for atoms
Creators: name: van Faassen, Meta
name: Burke, Kieron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum defect theory is applied to (time-dependent) density-functional calculations of Rydberg series for closed shell atoms: He, Be, and Ne. The performance and behavior of such calculations is much better quantified and understood in terms of the quantum defect, rather than transition energies.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phys
title: Подготовка и профессиональное развитие инженерно-технических кадров в Ленинграде в 1970—1980-е гг.
Creators: name: Прищепа, Александр
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Статья посвящена исследованию процесса подготовки инженерно-технических кадров в Ленинграде в 1970—1980-е гг. Известно, что в масштабах страны обучающиеся готовились по типовым программам, в которых содержались вопросы, касающиеся подготовки кадров. Ориентируясь на решение общепринятых задач в промышленном производстве, разбирались и общие производственные вопросы. Однако в учебных центрах при разборе тех или иных задач редко учитывались актуальные достижения в науке и технике, а руководители не всегда несли одинаковую персональную ответственность за невыполнение поставленных задач высших партийных представителей государства. Но, не устранив определенные изъяны,  в то время не представлялось возможным комплексно улучшить положение молодого коллектива и стимулировать его к новым свершениям. Вследствие этого ответственные лица промышленного сектора Ленинграда, руководство городских учебных центров в 1970—1980-е гг. принимали меры по совершенствованию и модернизации образовательного процесса.
AN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES IMPLEMENTED TO RESOLVE LAND USE CONFLICT AND OVERSTOCKING BY MASAI PASTORALISTS IN KAJIADO DISTRICT, KENYA
Creators: name: Laker-Ojok, Rita
name: Laker-Ojok, Rita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper evaluates two recently implemented strategies to control land use conflict and overgrazing in Kajiado district of southern Kenya, stressing the importance of analyzing attempts to alter traditional pastoralist production systems in terms of the "complex ethno-ecological mosaic in which political power allocates access to strategic resources". A situation, structure, performance paradigm is applied to the problem. Factors central to the situation which underlie the issue of overgrazing are grounded in the ecological and historical context. Highly unpredictable rainfall, repeated drought, and an increasingly constricted resource base form the primary constraints of the Masai production system. In response, complex cultural adaptations and herd management strategies have evolved to provide maximum security and support for the institution of the family. It is these social factors which must be kept in mind as the evaluation of intervention strategies proceeds. Two intervention strategies designed to address the issue of overstocking from slightly different perspectives are described in detail and then evaluated in terms of their likely performance outcomes. These strategies are land adjudication into group ranches, and the payment of Wildlife Utilization Fees to group ranches bordering on the national parks. For a number of reasons; especially those related to property rights, and the costs of obtaining information, reaching agreement, and enforcing decisions; it appears unlikely that either strategy will be very effective in changing herd management practices such as mobility or the stocking of large numbers.
Entanglement dynamics of a dc SQUID interacting with a single-mode radiation field
Creators: name: Castro, Cleidson
name: Araújo, Matheus R.
name: Cruz, Clebson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the coupling between a superconducting device as a dc SQUID, simulated from an artificial atom with two degrees of freedom, and a single-mode radiation field for the information transference process. We demonstrate that the population transfer among the energy levels of the artificial atom yields an entanglement dynamics, which leads to the generation of a pair of photons. Moreover, we show the quantum information transference between the internal modes of the superconducting device, initially in a maximally entangled state, and the radiation field. The artificial atom absorbs the photon, and the radiation field modes become entangled as quantum coherence is transmitted from the superconducting device to the photons. These results strengthen the applicability of superconducting devices for the transference of quantum information, contributing to promising applications in emerging quantum technologies.
On the Interpretation of the Processes 3He(e,e'p)2H and 3He(e,e'p)(pn) at High Missing Momenta
Creators: name: Atti, C. Ciofi degli
name: Kaptari, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the effects of the Final State Interaction (FSI) in the exclusive processes 3He(e,e'p)2H and 3He(e,e'p)(pn), can be successfully treated in terms of a Generalized Eikonal Approximation (GEA), based upon the direct calculation of the Feynman diagrams describing the rescattering of the struck nucleon. As a matter of fact, using realistic three-body wave functions corresponding to the AV18 interaction, the results of our parameter free calculation exhibits a very satisfactory agreement with recent experimental data from Jlab covering the region of missing momentum and energy with p_m < 1.0 GeV/c and E_m < 100 MeV. It is demonstrated that the missing momentum dependence of the experimental cross section of the process 3He(e,e'p)2H is mainly governed at p_m < 0.2 GeV/c by the Plane Wave Impulse Approximation (PWIA), at 0.2 < p_m < 0.6 GeV/c by the single rescattering FSI, and at 0.6 GeV/c < p_m by the double rescattering FSI.
description: Two sentences added. To appear in Phys. Rev. Letters
Global-scale massive feature extraction from monthly hydroclimatic time series: Statistical characterizations, spatial patterns and hydrological similarity
Creators: name: Papacharalampous, Georgia
name: Tyralis, Hristos
name: Papalexiou, Simon Michael
name: Langousis, Andreas
name: Khatami, Sina
name: Volpi, Elena
name: Grimaldi, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hydroclimatic time series analysis focuses on a few feature types (e.g., autocorrelations, trends, extremes), which describe a small portion of the entire information content of the observations. Aiming to exploit a larger part of the available information and, thus, to deliver more reliable results (e.g., in hydroclimatic time series clustering contexts), here we approach hydroclimatic time series analysis differently, i.e., by performing massive feature extraction. In this respect, we develop a big data framework for hydroclimatic variable behaviour characterization. This framework relies on approximately 60 diverse features and is completely automatic (in the sense that it does not depend on the hydroclimatic process at hand). We apply the new framework to characterize mean monthly temperature, total monthly precipitation and mean monthly river flow. The applications are conducted at the global scale by exploiting 40-year-long time series originating from over 13 000 stations. We extract interpretable knowledge on seasonality, trends, autocorrelation, long-range dependence and entropy, and on feature types that are met less frequently. We further compare the examined hydroclimatic variable types in terms of this knowledge and, identify patterns related to the spatial variability of the features. For this latter purpose, we also propose and exploit a hydroclimatic time series clustering methodology. This new methodology is based on Breiman's random forests. The descriptive and exploratory insights gained by the global-scale applications prove the usefulness of the adopted feature compilation in hydroclimatic contexts. Moreover, the spatially coherent patterns characterizing the clusters delivered by the new methodology build confidence in its future exploitation...
Environmental determinants of minimum body temperature in mammals
Creators: name: Bastos I. Bárbara
name: Zbyszek Boratynski
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60806 Animal Physiological Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60604 Comparative Physiology
subject: 60203 Ecological Physiology
subject: 60306 Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Physiological regulation of body temperature, set at high level, is one of the key features of endothermic homeotherms, such as birds and mammals. However, many mammals and some birds evolved ability for temporal down-regulation of core body temperature. We investigated how variation in environment temperature and habitat primary productivity determine variation in daily body temperature down-regulation observed among mammalian species. Nearly half of the variation in minimum daily body temperature among species was explained by variation in both primary productivity and environmental temperature. Mammals expressing low minimum body temperature inhabited regions of low annual temperature with wide daily and seasonally temperature variation. Simultaneously, those regions were characterized by low productivity and low seasonality in productivity. Furthermore, regions characterized by a high level of among-year variation in environmental temperature, but not in primary productivity, were inhabited by species with low minimum body temperature, but only by those adapted to relatively humid conditions. Our results suggest that daily heterothermy can be selectively advantageous in the environmental circumstances when high energetic demands for maintaining endothermic homeothermy, physiological regulation of high and stable body temperature, cannot be supported. The results corroborate the hypothesis that mammals which have evolved daily down-regulation of body temperature can have higher chances of surviving extinction events caused by climatic changes. Therefore, daily heterothermy adaptation offers contemporary mammals an opportunity of surviving the ongoing global warming.
Parameter estimation from Ly$α$ forest in Fourier space using Information Maximising Neural Network
Creators: name: Maitra, Soumak
name: Cristiani, Stefano
name: Viel, Matteo
name: Trotta, Roberto
name: Cupani, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to present a robust parameter estimation with simulated Lya forest spectra from Sherwood-Relics simulations suite using Information Maximizing Neural Network(IMNN) to extract maximal information from Lya 1D-transmitted flux in Fourier space. We perform 1D estimations using IMNN for IGM thermal parameters $T_0$ & $γ$ at z=2-4 and cosmological parameters $σ_8$ & $n_s$ at z=3-4. We compare our results with estimates from power spectrum using posterior distribution from Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC). We then check robustness of IMNN estimates against deviation in spectral noise levels,continuum uncertainties & instrumental smoothing effects. Using mock Lya forest sightlines from publicly available CAMELS project we also check the robustness of the trained IMNN on a different simulation. We also perform a 2D-parameter estimation for $T_0$ & HI photoionization rates $Γ_{HI}$. We obtain improved estimates of $T_0$ & $γ$ using IMNN over standard MCMC approach. These estimates are also more robust against SNR deviations at z=2 & 3. At z=4 the sensitivity to noise deviations is on par with MCMC estimates. The IMNN also provides $T_0$ and $γ$ estimates which are robust against continuum uncertainties by extracting continuum-independent small-scale information from Fourier domain. In case of $σ_8$ & $n_s$ IMNN performs on par with MCMC but still offers a significant speed boost in estimating parameters from a new dataset. The improved estimates with IMNN are seen for high instrumental-resolution(FWHM=6km/s). At medium or low resolutions IMNN performs similar to MCMC suggesting an improved extraction of small-scale information with IMNN. We also find that IMNN estimates are robust against the choice of simulation. By performing a 2D-parameter estimation for $T_0$ & $Γ_{HI}$ we also demonstrate how to take forward this approach observationally in the future.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to Astronomy&Astrophysics. Comments welcomed
VENEZUELAN AGRICULTURAL PRICE AND TRADE POLICIES
Creators: name: Garcia, Robertina
name: Garcia, Robertina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1968
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The present report is a descriptive analysis of the agricultural price and trade policies followed by the Venezuelan Government in recent years, its basic objective is to provide a fuller understanding of present agricultural policy with the hope this will permit a clearer view of the type of policy to expect in the future. An attempt is made to show the influence of petroleum upon agriculture as the most important source of revenues which has largely contributed to the improvement of the agricultural sector. This paper will first offer a brief synopsis of the present economic situation. It will then consider the agricultural price and trade policies in the period prior to 1950. In considerable more detail it will then focus on the price and trade policies of the past twenty years, showing also the consequences of these policies with special emphasis on two important domestic products: Rice and Milk. Finally, this report will include certain observations about the policies that the Venezuelan Government is expected to follow in the years ahead.
WHEAT IMPORTS AND CHEAP FOOD POLICY IN KOREA
Creators: name: Son, Jeong Soo
name: Son, Jeong Soo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: In September 1983, the Korean government changed the wheat policy towards import dependence by lifting all support systems for domestic wheat production. The transformation of the wheat policy is basically grounded in the comparative advantage which emphasizes the cheap food policy with the assumption that food prices are an essential component of wage decisions, therefore a high level of food prices cause the rise in wages of the urban workers and reduces economic growth. To justify the cheap food policy, at least it should be proved to be true that the policy direction is beneficial to the overall economy. In this context, the focus of this study is centered on the effects of wheat imports on domestic production, and the contribution of cheap food policy to economic growth with regard to wage decisions.
Body coherence in curved-space virtual reality games
Creators: name: Weeks, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51M10, 51-08

description: Virtual-reality simulations of curved space are most effective and most fun when presented as a game (for example, curved-space billiards), so the user not only has something to see in the curved space, but also has something fun to do there. However, such simulations encounter a geometrical problem: they must track the player's hands as well as her head, and in curved space the effects of holonomy would quickly lead to violations of "body coherence". That is, what the player sees with her eyes would disagree with what she feels with her hands. This article presents a solution to the body coherence problem, as well as several other questions that arise in interactive VR simulations in curved space (radians vs. meters, visualization of the projection transformation, native-inhabitant view vs. tourist view, and mental models of curved space).
description: 20 pages, 28 figures
Branching ratios and CP asymmetries of the quasi-two-body decays $B_c \rightarrow \ K^{*}_0(1430,1950) D_{(s)} \rightarrow K πD_{(s)} $ in the PQCD approach
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhi-Qing
name: Zhang, Zi-Yu
name: Xie, Ming-Xuan
name: Li, Ming-Yang
name: Guo, Hong-Xia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the quasi-two-body decays $B_c \to K_0^{*}(1430,1950) D_{(s)} \to K πD_{(s)}$ within the perterbative QCD (PQCD) framework. The S-wave two-meson distribution amplitudes (DAs) are introduced to describe the final state interactions of the $Kπ$ pair, which involve the time-like form factors and the Gegenbauer polynomials. In the calculations, we adopt two kinds of parameterization schemes to describe the time-like form factors: One is the relativistic Breit-Wigner (RBW) formula, which is usually more siutable for the narrow resonances, and the other is the LASS line shape proposed by the LASS Collaboration, which includes both the resonant and nonresonant components. We find that the branching ratios and the direct CP violations for the decays $B_c \to K_0^{*}(1430) D_{(s)}$ obtained from those of the quasi-two-body decays $B_c \to K_0^{*}(1430) D_{(s)} \to K πD_{(s)}$ under the narrow width approximation (NWA) can be consistent well with the previous PQCD results calculated in the two-body framework by assuming that $K^*_0(1430)$ being the lowest lying $\bar q s$ state, which is so-called scenario II (SII). We conclude that the LASS parameterization is more siutable to describe the $K_0^{*}(1430)$ than the RBW formula, and the nonresonant components play an important role in the branching ratios of the decays $B_c \to K_0^{*}(1430) D_{(s)} \to K πD_{(s)}$. In view of the large difference between the decay width measurements for the $K_0^{*}(1950)$ given by BaBar and LASS collaborations, we calculate the branching ratios and the CP violations for the quasi-two-body decays $B_c \to K_0^{*}(1950) D_{(s)} \to K πD_{(s)}$ by using two values, $Γ_{K^*_0(1950)}=0.100\pm0.04$ GeV and $Γ_{K^*_0(1950)}=0.201\pm0.034$ GeV, besides the two kinds of parameterizations for the resonance $K^*_0(1950)$.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Excitonic insulator emerging from semiconducting normal state in $1T$-TiSe$_{2}$
Creators: name: Bok, Jin Mo
name: Hwang, Jungseek
name: Choi, Han-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new state of matter, an excitonic insulator (EI) state, was predicted to emerge from Bose-Einstein condensation of electron-hole pairs. Some candidate materials were suggested but it has been elusive to confirm its existence. Recent works gave renewed support for the EI picture of the charge density wave (CDW) state below the critical temperature $T_c \approx 200 $ K of $1T$-TiSe$_{2}$. Yet, an important link to its establishment is to show that a majority fraction of the measured $T_c$ indeed follows from the Coulomb interaction alone, while a quantitative match of the $T_c$ may require assistance from the electron-lattice coupling. This will establish that the CDW is formed predominantly by the Coulomb interaction and help confirm the EI view for TiSe$_2$. Here, we provide such calculations by solving the exciton gap equation with material specific electronic structures. We obtain, with no fitting parameters, $T_c \approx 135 \pm 27$ K for the normal state gap of $E_g \approx 74 \pm 15$ meV. It seems that the calculated $T_c$ from Coulomb interaction gives a majority fraction of experimental $T_c$ for recently determined values of $E_g$. The measured doping dependence of $T_c$ was satisfactorily reproduced as well. Also in agreement with experiments are the same set of calculations of the photoemission spectroscopy and density of states. The semiconducting state above and EI below $T_c$ together should give a coherent picture of $1T$-TiSe$_2$.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures
Why Are Alkali Halide Solid Surfaces Not Wetted By Their Own Melt?
Creators: name: Zykova-Timan, T.
name: Ceresoli, D.
name: Tartaglino, U.
name: Tosatti, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alkali halide (100) crystal surfaces are anomalous, being very poorly wetted by their own melt at the triple point. We present extensive simulations for NaCl, followed by calculations of the solid-vapor, solid-liquid, and liquid-vapor free energies showing that solid NaCl(100) is a nonmelting surface, and that its full behavior can quantitatively be accounted for within a simple Born-Meyer-Huggins-Fumi-Tosi model potential. The incomplete wetting is traced to the conspiracy of three factors: surface anharmonicities stabilizing the solid surface; a large density jump causing bad liquid-solid adhesion; incipient NaCl molecular correlations destabilizing the liquid surface. The latter is pursued in detail, and it is shown that surface short-range charge order acts to raise the surface tension because incipient NaCl molecular formation anomalously reduces the surface entropy of liquid NaCl much below that of solid NaCl(100).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Ultra Fast Astronomy: Optimized Detection of Multimessenger Transients
Creators: name: Denissenya, Mikhail
name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra Fast Astronomy is a new frontier becoming enabled by improved detector technology allowing discovery of optical transients on millisecond to nanosecond time scales. These may reveal counterparts of energetic processes such as fast radio bursts, gamma ray bursts, gravitational wave events, or play a role in the optical search for extraterrestrial intelligence (oSETI). We explore some example science cases and their optimization under constrained resources, basically how to distribute observations along the spectrum of short duration searches of many targets or long searches over fewer targets. As a demonstration of the method we present some analytic and some numerical optimizations, of both raw detections and science characterization such as an information matrix analysis of constraining a burst delay -- flash duration relation.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; v3: matches published version
THE EFFECTS OF EEC ENTRY ON THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF SELECTED PORTUGUESE FEEDGRAINS AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
Creators: name: Curtis, Roberto
name: Curtis, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Portugal has one of the most backward agricultural sectors in Europe; it is less developed and less dynamic than the other countries negotiating entry into the European Economic Community (EEC), Spain and Greece. Portugal's entry into the EEC is expected on January 1, 1984. EEC entry and the required adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy will require Portugal to eliminate its present agricultural policies and substitute them with the established CAP, and the resultant often higher EEC consumer prices. The general objective of this study is to assess the probable impact of Portuguese entry into the EEC on the importation of U.S. feedgrains and livestock products. The specific objectives of the study are: 1) To describe the current structure of the feedgrain-livestock subsector in Portugal with emphasis on production and consumption for the following commodities: barley, corn, soybeans, beef, pork, poultry meat, eggs, milk, cheese and fresh fish; 2) To project commodity production, consumption and per capita consumption for 1990 using time-trend analysis; and 3) To identify probable adjustments EEC membership will impose on the Portuguese feedgrain-livestock subsector.
Elicitation on indexicals and adjunct clauses
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .rtf transcription file for an elicitation on indexical shift, clausal adjuncts, and describing a series of events. Corresponds to pages 41-47 in Notebook 2.
Determinants and Impact of Private Politics: An Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Gupta, Sonam
name: Innes, Robert
name: Gupta, Sonam
name: Innes, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Political Economy

description: This paper studies the links between private politics, environmental performance of firms and regulatory activity by the government. Following the terminology coined by Baron (2001), "private politics" refers to the individual or collective actions initiated by public interest and activist groups to further their objectives without relying on the law or regulation. In this paper, we focus on the determinants and effects of two such private political actions, boycotts and proxy contests. We have unique data on boycotts for the time period 1988-95 and on proxy votes for the time period 1988-2000. We find that the size of a firm is an important predictor of the fact if a firm will be chosen as a target of an activist campaign. We find MIXED support for Baron's (2006) theory that activist campaigns will focus on "soft targets" (progressive firms). Our preliminary findings show that private politics does spur the firms to adopt voluntary environmental systems. Specifically, we find that the boycotts increase the probability of adoption of an environmental management system by 27-33 percent.
Infinite Grassmann time-evolving matrix product operator method for zero-temperature equilibrium quantum impurity problems
Creators: name: Guo, Chu
name: Chen, Ruofan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Grassmann time-evolving matrix product operator (GTEMPO) method has proven to be an accurate and efficient numerical method for the real-time dynamics of quantum impurity problems. Whereas its application for imaginary-time calculations is much less competitive compared to well-established methods such as the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo (CTQMC). In this work, we unleash the full power of GTEMPO for zero-temperature imaginary-time calculations: the multi-time impurity state is time-translationally invariant with infinite boundary condition, therefore it can be represented as an infinite Grassmann matrix product state (GMPS) with nontrivial unit cell in a single time step, instead of an open boundary GMPS spanning the whole imaginary-time axis. We devise a very efficient infinite GTEMPO algorithm targeted at zero-temperature equilibrium quantum impurity problems, which is known to be a hard regime for quantum Monte Carlo methods. To demonstrate the performance of our method, we benchmark it against exact solutions in the noninteracting limit, and against CTQMC calculations in the Anderson impurity models with up to two orbitals, where we show that the required bond dimension of the infinite GMPS is much smaller than its finite-temperature counterpart.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Developing Country Trade: Implications of China’s Changing Trade and Competitiveness in Intensive and Extensive Margin Goods
Creators: name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Tuan, Francis C.
name: Gehlhar, Mark J.
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Hansen, James M.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Tuan, Francis C.
name: Gehlhar, Mark J.
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Hansen, James M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: China
subject: international trade
subject: growth
subject: intensive
subject: extensive margins
subject: developing countries

description: This paper delves into China’s differential growths in trade flows with high income and developing countries by focusing on bilateral content of trade data over the time period 1978-2005. Unlike other studies, we account for end use of traded goods ranging from primary, intermediate, and finished goods because China’s policies impact all segments China’s trade flows. In the last 28 years, China has specialized in deficits in the upstream production segments (parts and components) and rapid diversification in consumption goods (extensive margin). While in the late 1970s China’s export and import growth on all goods with major high income countries is outstanding in the most recent years China’s trade growth with developing countries has taken the lead while China is gaining in extensive margins goods trade. This general pattern evolving is in agreement with some of the new trade theory that gives a dominant role to an expansion of the number of export varieties (the extensive margin), which provides an additional channel for welfare gains from trade.
Three-body interactions in colloidal systems
Creators: name: Dobnikar, J.
name: Brunner, M.
name: von Grünberg, H. H.
name: Bechinger, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first direct measurement of three-body interactions in a colloidal system comprised of three charged colloidal particles. Two of the particles have been confined by means of a scanned laser tweezers to a line-shaped optical trap where they diffused due to thermal fluctuations. Upon the approach of a third particle, attractive three-body interactions have been observed. The results are in qualitative agreement with additionally performed nonlinear Poissson-Boltzmann calculations, which also allow us to investigate the microionic density distributions in the neighborhood of the interacting colloidal particles.
Solving quantum impurity problems on the L-shaped Kadanoff-Baym contour
Creators: name: Chen, Ruofan
name: Guo, Chu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The path integral formalism is the building block of many powerful numerical methods for quantum impurity problems. However, existing fermionic path integral based numerical calculations have only been performed in either the imaginary-time or the real-time axis, while the most generic scenario formulated on the L-shaped Kadanoff-Baym contour is left unexplored. In this work, we extended the recently developed Grassmann time-evolving matrix product operator (GTEMPO) method to solve quantum impurity problems directly on the Kadanoff-Baym contour. The resulting method is numerically exact, with only two sources of numerical errors, e.g., the time discretization error and the matrix product state bond truncation error. The accuracy of this method is numerically demonstrated against exact solutions in the noninteracting case, and against existing calculations on the real- and imaginary-time axes for the single-orbital Anderson impurity model. We also show that the numerical errors of the method can be well suppressed as we refine the hyperparameters. Our method is a perfect benchmarking baseline for its alternatives which often employ less-controlled approximations, and can also be used as a real-time impurity solver in dynamical mean field theory.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Background independent duals of the harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Husain, Viqar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a class of topological field theories are quantum duals of the harmonic oscillator. This is demonstrated by establishing a correspondence between the creation and annihilation operators and non-local gauge invariant observables of the topological field theory. The example is used to discuss some issues concerning background independence and the relation of vacuum energy to the problem of time in quantum gravity.
description: 4 pages, version to appear in PRL
Macro Level Economic Evaluation of Manure Application Rates Using CEEOT-MMS
Creators: name: Osei, Edward
name: Osei, Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: FEM
subject: CEEOT-MMS
subject: animal feeding operations
subject: clustering
subject: costs
subject: manure
subject: phosphorus

description: Alternative manure application rates represent an integral part of current nutrient management efforts on animal feeding operations (AFOs). Previous studies have indicated that lower manure application rates tend to increase farm production costs. In this study, the Comprehensive Economic and Environmental Optimization Tool - Macro Modeling System (CEEOT-MMS) was used to evaluate the farm-level economic implications of alternative manure application rates for all AFOs in the 48 contiguous states of the U.S. Representative farms derived through statistical disaggregation of national databases and K-means clustering were simulated within the the Farm-level Economic Model (FEM) to determine the economic impacts of four manure application rates. The highest manure application rate scenario investigated here (two times the N rate, or 2N) resulted in the highest net farm returns to AFOs. Similarly, the lowest manure application rate scenario considered in this study (the Half P rate), is projected to cost AFO operators the most, about $4,300 relative to the standard N rate scenario. Results of the study show that the larger AFOs would be required to haul out a much greater portion of on-farm manure than the smallest AFOs. Furthermore, the largest AFOs incur the highest per farm and per animal unit costs when manure application rates are reduced to rates below the P rate. However, under the Half P scenario all farm size groups would be required to haul out significant portions of manure generated on the farm. The total annual cost of the Half P scenario tops $1 billion dollars for AFOs in the 48 contiguous states.
An Analysis of Major Determinants of Poverty in Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Creators: name: Jan, Dawood
name: Chishti, Anwar F.
name: Eberle, Phillip R.
name: Jan, Dawood
name: Chishti, Anwar F.
name: Eberle, Phillip R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This study is an attempt to highlight the need to prioritize the agriculture sector in policies aimed at alleviating poverty. The objectives are (1) to estimate and compare the incidence of poverty across various sectors of the economy with special focus on the agricultural sector and (2) to identify the major determinants of poverty in the agriculture sector. Poverty is measured in terms of head count, poverty gap and severity of poverty indices all determined as a function of household consumption level. Households with adult equivalent consumption below a consumption level necessary to acquire basic needs are defined as poor. The estimated measures of poverty are used to compare incidence of poverty across sectors of the economy. Adult equivalent consumption is then regressed against a series of explanatory variables to identify determinants of poverty. Results from consumption model are then simulated to gauge impact of various policy scenarios on poverty levels. Data sets are from the 2001 Pakistan Integrated Household Survey and 2005 Living Standard Measurement Survey.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 05/21/08.
Charged currents, color dipoles and xF_3 at small x
Creators: name: Fiore, R.
name: Zoller, V. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the light-cone color dipole description of highly asymmetric diffractive interactions of left-handed and right-handed electroweak bosons. We identify the origin and estimate the strength of the left-right asymmetry effect in terms of the light-cone wave functions. We report an evaluation of the small-x neutrino-nucleon DIS structure functions xF_3 and 2xF_1 and present comparison with experimental data.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, misprints corrected
A Neoclassical View of Trade Liberalization
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper attempts to provide a balanced view of the neoclassical economists' perspective on trade liberalization, with an emphasis on the agricultural sector. I review the basic arguments in favor of competitive markets in general and free trade in particular. These arguments are based on restrictive assumptions which often fail to hold. Under more realistic assumptions, the arguments in favor of free trade are invalid. Economists remain skeptical of the benefits of trade restrictions, but this is a nuanced judgment, rather than a theoretical certainty. I describe a number of situations where market failures imply that trade restrictions can improve efficiency.
Jordan blocks of nilpotent elements in some irreducible representations of classical groups in good characteristic
Creators: name: Korhonen, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G05

description: Let $G$ be a classical group with natural module $V$ and Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ over an algebraically closed field $K$ of good characteristic. For rational irreducible representations $f: G \rightarrow \operatorname{GL}(W)$ occurring as composition factors of $V \otimes V^*$, $\wedge^2(V)$, and $S^2(V)$, we describe the Jordan normal form of $\mathrm{d} f(e)$ for all nilpotent elements $e \in \mathfrak{g}$. The description is given in terms of the Jordan block sizes of the action of $e$ on $V \otimes V^*$, $\wedge^2(V)$, and $S^2(V)$, for which recursive formulae are known. Our results are in analogue to earlier work (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 147 (2019) 4205-4219), where we considered these same representations and described the Jordan normal form of $f(u)$ for every unipotent element $u \in G$.
description: to appear in J. Pure Appl. Algebra
title: Научные общества при университетах в российской провинции в первые послереволюционные годы
Creators: name: Синельникова, Елена
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Статья посвящена истории деятельности местных и региональных научных обществ в российской провинции в первые послереволюционные годы. В частности, подробно рассмотрена история нескольких обществ, созданных при университетах. В статье показано, что создание научных обществ на «глубинных» территориях России было достаточно распространенным явлением. Это было связано не только с созданием новых университетов, но и с появлением нового культурно-научного социума в провинции в первые послереволюционные годы. Ряд ведущих ученых и молодых исследователей различных научных направлений приехали из центров на периферию и стали развивать региональные исследования. За короткий период существования многих из этих научных обществ впервые был систематически и всесторонне изучен ряд значительных территории страны, был внесен существенный вклад в дело сохранения памятников истории и культуры, и проведено масштабное комплектование музейных и архивных фондов — основы будущих научных исследований.
Noncompliance in children having ADHD with varying degrees of oppositional/conduct disordered behaviour
Creators: name: Murray, Candice
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The traditional behavioural model of noncompliance is unidimensional and measures noncompliance according to its frequency. In the past decade, developmental theorists have presented a multidimensional model of noncompliance that underlines the importance of evaluating the quality rather than the quantity of noncompliance. This study examined the type and frequency of noncompliant behaviour in 140 boys having Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with oppositional/conduct disordered behaviour. The data on boys' noncompliant behaviours were coded from videotaped mother-son interactions during a clean up task. A factor analysis indicated that there were three types of noncompliance: Least skilled noncompliance, semi-skilled noncompliance, and most skilled noncompliance. Pearson correlation coefficients examining the relationship between the proportion of the types of noncompliance and maternal ratings of oppositional/conduct disordered behaviour indicated that only semi-skilled noncompliance was related to maternal ratings of oppositional/conduct disordered behaviour. Correlations between maternal ratings of oppositional/conduct disordered behaviour and two measures of the frequency of noncompliance indicated a trend for a positive correlation with one of the measures. It is suggested that a unified measure of noncompliance consisting of both the quantity and quality of child noncompliant behaviour may provide a more meaningful account of ADHD children with oppositional/conduct disordered behaviour.
Optimizing Farmland Preservation Choices Across Communities and Jurisdictional Scales: To What Extent are Amenity Values and Selection Criteria Transferable?
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Duke, Joshua M.
name: Kukielka, Jessica B.
name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Duke, Joshua M.
name: Kukielka, Jessica B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper assesses the potential for function based benefit transfer to inform farmland preservation policy, with emphasis on distinctions between welfare estimation and policy prioritization. Data are drawn from a parallel choice experiments implemented in six communities and statewide in Connecticut. The analysis provides a range of empirical results of potential significance for policy, but two findings are of particular relevance. First, results suggest that transfer errors in WTP for farmland preservation are comparable to those found in other policy contexts, even across similar sites. Results also suggest, however, that welfare based policy rankings are strongly correlated across sites, even when dollar denominated transfer errors are substantial. This latter, robust finding underscores the risk of broad generalizations regarding transfer validity, and suggests that benefit transfer may be well suited to some uses.
A sharp bound for the first Robin-Dirichlet eigenvalue
Creators: name: Gavitone, Nunzia
name: Piscitelli, Gianpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian on doubly connected domains when Robin and Dirichlet conditions are imposed on the outer and the inner part of the boundary, respectively. We provide that the spherical shell reaches the maximum of the first eigenvalue of this problem among the domains with fixed measure, outer perimeter and inner $(n-1)^{th}$ quermassintegral.