Hohokam Archaeology along the Salt-Gila Aqueduct Central Arizona Project, Volume III: Specialized Activity Sites
Creators: name: System User
Publisher: name: (:unav)
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Salt River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/127/salt-river
subject: Florence, Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77968/florence-arizona
subject: Apache Junction, Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77967/apache-junction-arizona
subject: Central Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76050/central-arizona
subject: United States of America
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76498/united-states-of-america
subject: Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2/arizona
subject: Coolidge, Arizona
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77969/coolidge-arizona
subject: North America
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/22/north-america
subject: Gila River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3958/gila-river
subject: Queen Creek
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/54280/queen-creek
subject: 04999 (Fips Code)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3947/04999-fips-code
subject: Hohokam pre-Classic period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/141/hohokam-pre-classic-period
subject: Hohokam Colonial period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/142/hohokam-colonial-period
subject: Hohokam Sedentary period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/143/hohokam-sedentary-period
subject: Hohokam Classic period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/144/hohokam-classic-period
subject: Polvóron Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5505/polvoron-phase
subject: Gila Butte Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/212/gila-butte-phase
subject: Civano Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5620/civano-phase
subject: Santa Cruz Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/213/santa-cruz-phase
subject: Sacaton Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/214/sacaton-phase
subject: Soho Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5772/soho-phase
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Smiley's Well
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/2908/smileys-well
subject: Frog Pond
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/2159/frog-pond
subject: AZ AA:3:20(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6001/az-aa320asm
subject: AZ AA:3:21(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6002/az-aa321asm
subject: AZ AA:3:22(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6003/az-aa322asm
subject: AZ AA:3:26(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6004/az-aa326asm
subject: AZ U:10:14(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6005/az-u1014asm
subject: AZ U:10:20(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6006/az-u1020asm
subject: AZ U:10:30(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6007/az-u1030asm
subject: AZ U:10:5(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6008/az-u105asm
subject: AZ U:10:8(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6011/az-u108asm
subject: AZ U:14:73(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6012/az-u1473asm
subject: AZ U:15:100(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6014/az-u15100asm
subject: AZ U:15:102(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6015/az-u15102asm
subject: AZ U:15:103(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6016/az-u15103asm
subject: AZ U:15:46(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6024/az-u1546asm
subject: AZ U:10:10(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8072/az-u1010mna
subject: AZ U:15:48(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6025/az-u1548asm
subject: AZ U:10:15(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8073/az-u1015mna
subject: AZ U:15:57(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6026/az-u1557asm
subject: AZ U:10:11(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8074/az-u1011asm
subject: AZ U:10:7(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8075/az-u107mna
subject: AZ U:10:12(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8076/az-u1012asm
subject: AZ U:15:61(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6029/az-u1561asm
subject: AZ U:10:13(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8077/az-u1013asm
subject: AZ U:10:15(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8078/az-u1015asm
subject: AZ U:15:69(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6031/az-u1569asm
subject: AZ U:10:16(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8079/az-u1016asm
subject: AZ U:15:72(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6032/az-u1572asm
subject: AZ U:10:17(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8080/az-u1017asm
subject: AZ U:15:73(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6033/az-u1573asm
subject: AZ U:10:18(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8081/az-u1018asm
subject: AZ U:15:74(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6034/az-u1574asm
subject: AZ U:10:3(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8082/az-u103mna
subject: AZ U:15:75(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6035/az-u1575asm
subject: AZ U:10:5(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8083/az-u105mna
subject: AZ U:10:11(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8084/az-u1011mna
subject: AZ U:10:14(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8085/az-u1014mna
subject: AZ U:10:16(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8086/az-u1016mna
subject: AZ U:15:98(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/6039/az-u1598asm
subject: AZ U:10:13(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8087/az-u1013mna
subject: AZ U:10:8(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8088/az-u108mna
subject: AZ U:10:18(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8089/az-u1018mna
subject: AZ U:10:21(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8090/az-u1021asm
subject: AZ U:10:9(MNA)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8091/az-u109mna
subject: AZ U:15:64(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8092/az-u1564asm
subject: AZ U:15:67(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8093/az-u1567asm
subject: AZ U:15:68(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8094/az-u1568asm
subject: AZ U:15:71(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8095/az-u1571asm
subject: Agricultural Field or Field Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/274/agricultural-field-or-field-feature
subject: Canal or Canal Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/275/canal-or-canal-feature
subject: Checkdam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/596/checkdam
subject: Reservoir
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/277/reservoir
subject: Water Control Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/279/water-control-feature
subject: Hamlet / Village
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/254/hamlet-village
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Agricultural Terrace
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/741/agricultural-terrace
subject: Bordered Garden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/742/bordered-garden
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Land Snails
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/743/land-snails
subject: Room Block / Compound / Pueblo
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/264/room-block-compound-pueblo
subject: Rock Alignment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/360/rock-alignment
subject: Specialized Activity Sites
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/744/specialized-activity-sites
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Wood
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/15/wood
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Salt Gila Aqueduct Reach 3
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138079/salt-gila-aqueduct-reach-3
subject: Salt Gila Aqueduct Reach 4
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138083/salt-gila-aqueduct-reach-4
subject: Salt Gila Aqueduct Reach 1
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138084/salt-gila-aqueduct-reach-1
subject: Fannin-McFarland Aqueduct
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138120/fannin-mcfarland-aqueduct
subject: Salt Gila Aqueduct Reach 2
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138085/salt-gila-aqueduct-reach-2
subject: Florence-Casa Grande Canal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138091/florence-casa-grande-canal
subject: Salt-Gila Pumping Station
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138089/salt-gila-pumping-station
subject: Florence Canal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/138090/florence-canal
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Methodology, Theory, or Synthesis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/6/methodology-theory-or-synthesis
subject: Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/9/research-design-data-recovery-plan
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: This volume is the third in a nine volume series reporting the results of archaeological investigations conducted along the right-of-way of the Salt-Gila Aqueduct. The aqueduct, under construction by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), is part of the Central Arizona Project. The emphasis of this volume is directed toward specialized activity sites, most of which relate to wild plant or lithic processing or agriculture. All are located along Reaches 1 through 4 of the aqueduct, from just south of Apache Junction to the area of the Picacho Reservoir, south of Florence. The area under investigation is largely low desert drained by intermittent washes of variable size, the largest being Siphon Draw and Queen Creek. The single major stream is the Gila River. Chronologically, the sites range largely from the Colonial to the Classic periods of the Hohokam sequence; however, precise temporal placement of many is not possible. Part I presents the results of investigations at 12 sites along Reaches 1 and 2. These include a small, possible habitation site and 11 artifact scatters, four of which contained roasting pits. Evidence exists at several of the sites for the processing of yucca, choIla, and "hog potato." Models for the interpretation of plant processing loci presented in other recent studies are critically examined. Part II reports on nine sites along Reach 3. All are artifact scatters, several including rock clusters. Plant remains recovered from some of the sites suggest they were used for wild plant processing on a year-round basis and that similar plant resources were exploited at both Queen Creek and Gila River sites. Part III examines seven small sites south of the Gila River along Reach 4. The prehistoric sites include two with small structures, three with roasting pits, and one with a hearth; all include artifact scatters. All apparently functioned primarily as locations for gathering or processing wild plants including mesquite, cholla, and Plantago. Remains of maize and cotton suggest farming, perhaps using floodwater techniques at nearby washes. The single historic site located was apparently occupied for a short time in the early twentieth century, probably between 1915 and 1925. Part IV represents an intensive study of prehistoric agricultural and water control features along the aqueduct. Archaeological evidence suggests three different prehistoric agricultural strategies: irrigation, rainfall conservation, and floodwater farming making use of ephemeral streams. Three large, prehistoric reservoirs were discovered and are described in detail. Finally, several probable prehistoric fields were located. Remains recovered from the various sites suggest a wide variety of plants were being utilized.