cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanotransduction coordinates extracellular matrix protein homeostasis promoting longevity in C. elegans
Creators: name: Teuscher, Alina
name: Statzer, Cyril
name: Goyala, Anita
name: Domenig, Seraina A.
name: Schoen, Ingmar
name: Hess, Max
name: Hofer, Alexander M.
name: Fossati, Andrea
name: Vogel, Viola
name: Goksel, Orcun
name: Aebersold, Ruedi
name: Ewald, Collin
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aging
Collagen
Mechanobiology
Integrin
Adhesome
Matrisome
Matreotype

description: Although it is postulated that dysfunctional extracellular matrices (ECM) drive aging and disease, how ECM integrity assures longevity is unknown. Here, using proteomics and in-vivo monitoring of fluorescently tagged ECM proteins, we systematically examined the ECM composition during Caenorhabditis elegans aging revealing three distinct collagen dynamics. We show that age-dependent stiffening of inert collagen was slowed by longevity interventions through prolonged replenishing of collagens. In genetic and automated lifespan screens for the regulators that drive this remodeling, we identify hemidesmosome-containing structures that span from the exoskeletal ECM through the hypodermis, basement membrane ECM, to the muscles, coupling mechanical forces to adjust ECM gene expression across tissues. The hemidesmosome tension-induced adaptation is mediated via transcriptional co-activator YAP. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of mechano-coupling and synchronizing of two functionally distinct and spatially distant ECMs that is indispensable for longevity. Thus, besides signaling molecules, mechanotransduction-coordinated ECM remodeling systemically promotes healthy aging.
description: bioRxiv
Ultrametric Diffusion, Rugged Energy Landscapes and Transition Networks
Creators: name: Zúñiga-Galindo, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35S05, 60J76, 82C44

description: In this article we introduce the ultrametric networks which are p-adic continuous analogues of the standard Markov state models constructed using master equations. A p-adic transition network (or an ultrametric network) is a model of a complex system consisting of a hierarchical energy landscape, a Markov process on the energy landscape, and a master equation. We focus on networks where the transition rates between two different basins are constant functions, and the jumping process inside of each basin is controlled by a p-adic radial function. We solve explicitly the Cauchy problem for the master equation attached to this type of networks. The solution of this problem is the network response to a given initial concentration. If the Markov process attached to the network is conservative, the long term response of the network is controlled by a Markov chain. If the process is not conservative the network has absorbing states. We define an absorbing time, which depends on the initial concentration, if this time is finite the network reaches an absorbing state in a finite time. We identify in the response of the network the terms responsible for bringing the network to an absorbing state, we call them the fast transition modes. The existence of the fast transition modes is a consequence of the assumption that the energy landscape is ultrametric (hierarchical), and to the best of our understanding this result cannot be obtained using standard methods of Markov state models. Nowadays, it is widely accepted that protein native states are kinetic hubs that can be reached quickly from any other state. The existence of fast transition modes implies that certain states on an ultrametric network work as kinetic hubs.
description: Some typos were corrected
Bradysia chlorocornea Mohrig & Menzel 1992
Creators: name: Heller, Kai
name: Hippa, Heikki
name: Vilkamaa, Pekka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Bradysia
Bradysia chlorocornea

description: Bradysia chlorocornea Mohrig & Menzel, 1992
Fig. 3 A–B
Material examined
FINLAND: Regio kuusamoensis, Kuusamo, Kuohusuo-Kalliovaara 30 km S of Kuusamo, 65.43° N, 29.05° E, 270 m, spruce/birch swamp forest, Malaise trap, 2–15 Aug. 2004, M. & C. Jaschhof, 4 ♂♂, MZH.
Redescription (male)
HEAD. Brown, antennal flagellomeres 1–2 yellow, scapus, pedicellus and flagellomere 3–14 pale brown; maxillary palpus very pale brown. Eye bridge 3 facets wide. Face with 10–15 scattered longer and shorter setae. Clypeus with 1–3 setae. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments; segment 1 longer than segment 3, segment 2 shortest; segment 1 with 3–4 setae, with dorsal patch of sensilla; surface of antennal flagellomeres smooth, body of flagellomere 4 2.3–2.7× as long as wide, neck shorter than broad, longest setae as long as width of flagellomere.
THORAX. Brown, setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 3–8 setae. Episternum 1 with 7–15 setae. Scutum with long dorsocentrals, with some longer and shorter laterals, scutellum with 2 longer and some short setae.
WING. Hyalinous. Length 1.7–1.9 mm. Width/length 0.40. Veins distinct. R1/R 0.70–0.85. c/ w 0.70 – 0.80. r-m and bM subequal in length. bM non-setose, r-m non-setose or with 1 seta.
LEGS. Yellow. Coxal setae pale. Front tibial organ with pale vestiture forming a short row. Front tibial spur slightly longer than tibial width. Claws with teeth.
ABDOMEN. Pale brown, setae pale.
HYPOPYGIUM (Fig. 3 A–B). Brown, concolorous with abdomen.
GONOCOXA. Narrow, longer than gonostylus, mesial margin with rather dense setosity.
GONOSTYLUS. Narrow, broadest at middle, narrowed towards apex, with mesial side weakly impressed at apical half; with dense apical setosity, without apical tooth, with 5–6 apical megasetae whip-lash in form. Tegmen conical, apically roundish, with straight lateral sides, weakly sclerotized, with large area of aedeagal teeth, laterally straight. Aedeagal apodeme short.
Remarks
Bradysia chlorocornea was described from three males from Japan (Mohrig et al. 1992). By having bi-coloured antennal flagellomeres and the tarsal claws with teeth, it belongs to the Bradysia fungicola group of Menzel & Mohrig (2000). By its slender gonostylus with an apical group of slender, subequal megasetae it resembles B. affinis (Zetterstedt, 1838), but it can be distinguished by having the megasetae more slender and longer.
description: Published as part of Heller, Kai, Hippa, Heikki & Vilkamaa, Pekka, 2015, Taxonomy of Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in the Northern Holarctic, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 122 (122) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2015.122, http://zenodo.org/record/3780186
"Artificial and Post-Artificial Texts: On Machine Learning and the Reading Expectations Towards Literary and Non-Literary Writing"
Creators: name: Bajohr, Hannes
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: In contrast to the times of Höllerer and Zemanek, we are now truly on the threshold of being surrounded by texts that are entirely artificial—while at the same time we continue to merge with our language technologies in our own writing, so that our text production is increasingly supported, extended, and partially taken over by assistance systems. Therefore, I want to discuss—quite speculatively, but always with an eye on the state of the art—two questions: first, what happens when we are confronted with artificial texts in addition to natural ones? How do we read a text that we can no longer be sure was not written by an AI? And second, what direction might this development take if, at some point, the distinction between natural and artificial itself becomes obsolete, so that we no longer even ask about it and instead read post-artificial texts?
description: Basel Media Culture and Cultural Techniques Working Papers, 2023.007
description: ISSN:2673-5792
Bayes' Theorem, Inflation, and the Ekpyrotic Universe
Creators: name: Wraga, Joseph
name: Goldberg, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Bayesian evidences for a class of Ekpyrotic universe models, and compare with a model of single field inflation with a Higgs-type potential. Combining parsimony and observational constraints, this gives us a systematic way to evaluate the degree to which Ekpyrotic models are constrained by CMB data from Planck. We integrate the equations of motion numerically to define a likelihood using Planck 2018 data and sample this likelihood to obtain Bayesian evidences. Priors are justified and used to put Ekpyrotic models and inflation on equal footing. We find reasonable preference for one of the considered Ekpyrotic models over the others, but that even this one is disfavored compared with Higgs inflation.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures; Added references and corrected typos
New research on a Late Bronze Age enclosure at Queen Mary's Hospital, Carshalton
Creators: name: Adkins, Lesley
name: Needham, Stuart P
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 76, 11-50
description: New examination of material from old digs and consequent redating: important pottery group, domestic equipment, 'classic post-Deverel-Rimbury' assemblage. Regional focus for 10km tract?
Probing multiphase gas in local massive elliptical galaxies via multiwavelength observations
Creators: name: Temi, P.
name: Gaspari, M.
name: Brighenti, F.
name: Werner, N.
name: Grossova, R.
name: Gitti, M.
name: Sun, M.
name: Amblard, A.
name: Simionescu, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cold and warm gas content, kinematics, and spatial distribution of six local massive elliptical galaxies to probe the origin of the multiphase gas in their atmospheres. We report new observations, including SOFIA [CII], ALMA CO, MUSE H$α$+[NII] and VLA radio observations. These are complemented by a large suite of multiwavelength archival datasets, including thermodynamical properties of the hot gas and radio jets, which are leveraged to investigate the role of AGN feeding/feedback in regulating the multiphase gas content. Our galaxy sample shows a significant diversity in cool gas content, spanning filamentary and rotating structures. In our non-central galaxies, the distribution of such gas is often concentrated, at variance with the more extended features observed in central galaxies. Misalignment between the multiphase gas and stars suggest that stellar mass loss is not the primary driver. A fraction of the cool gas might be acquired via galaxy interactions, but we do not find quantitative evidence of mergers in most of our systems. Instead, key evidence supports the origin via condensation out of the diffuse halo. Comparing with Chaotic Cold Accretion (CCA) simulations, we find that our cool gas-free galaxies are likely in the overheated phase of the self-regulated AGN cycle, while for our galaxies with cool gas the k-plot and AGN power correlation corroborate the phase of CCA feeding in which the condensation rain is triggering more vigorous AGN heating. The related C-ratio further shows that central/non-central galaxies are expected to generate an extended/inner rain, consistent with our sample.
description: 26 pages, 18 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ; typos corrected, reference added
Early diagnosis of persons with von Willebrand disease using a machine learning algorithm and real-world data
Creators: name: Sidonio, Robert F.
name: Lu, Anan
name: Hale, Sarah
name: Caicedo, Jorge
name: Bullano, Mike
name: Xing, Shan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is underdiagnosed, often delaying treatment. VWD claims coding is limited, including no severity qualifiers; improved identification methods for VWD are needed. This study’s aim: identify and characterize undiagnosed symptomatic persons with VWD in the US using medical insurance claims to develop predictive machine learning (ML) models. Diagnosed andpotentially undiagnosed VWD cohorts were defined using Komodo longitudinal USclaims data (January 2015-March 2020). ML models were built using keycharacteristics predictive of VWD diagnosis from the diagnosed cohort. Two MLmodels predicted VWD diagnosis with the highest accuracy in females (randomforest; 84%) and males (gradient boosting machine; 85%). Undiagnosed personssuspected to have VWD were identified using an 80% cutoff probability; profilesof key characteristics were constructed. The trained MLmodels were applied to the undiagnosed cohort (28,463 females; 20439 males)with suspected VWD. 52% of undiagnosed females had heavy menstrual bleeding, akey pre-diagnosis symptom. Undiagnosed males tended to have more frequentmedical procedures, hospitalizations, and emergency room visits compared withundiagnosed females. ML algorithmssuccessfully identified potentially undiagnosed symptomatic people with VWD,although many may remain undiagnosed and undertreated. External validation ofthe algorithms is recommended.
Ancestral Black Holes of Binary Merger GW190521
Creators: name: Barrera, Oscar
name: Bartos, Imre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GW190521 was the most massive black hole merger discovered by LIGO/Virgo so far, with masses in tension with stellar evolution models. A possible explanation of such heavy black holes is that they themselves are the remnants of previous mergers of lighter black holes. Here we estimate the masses of the ancestral black holes of GW190521, assuming it is the end product of previous mergers. We find that the heaviest parental black holes has a mass of $62^{+21}_{-19}$ M$_\odot$ (90% credible level). We find 78% probability that it is in the $50$ M$_\odot-120$ M$_\odot$ mass gap, indicating that it may also be the end product of a previous merger. We therefore also compute the expected mass distributions of the "grandparent" black holes of GW190521, assuming they existed. Ancestral black hole masses could represent an additional puzzle piece in identifying the origin of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA's heaviest black holes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Measurement of the 87Rb D-line vector tune-out wavelength
Creators: name: Fallon, A. J.
name: Moan, E. R.
name: Larson, E. A.
name: Sackett, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a precision measurement of a tune-out wavelength for 87Rb using circularly polarized light. A tune-out wavelength characterizes a zero in the electric polarizability of the atom. For circularly polarized light, the total polarizability depends on both the scalar and vector polarizability components. This shifts the location of the tune-out wavelength and makes it sensitive to different combinations of atomic dipole matrix elements than the scalar polarizability alone. Using $σ_-$ polarized light with an an estimated purity of 0.9931(1), we observe a tune-out wavelength of 785.1522(3) nm, which agrees with theoretical expectations when small contributions from the core electrons and off-resonant valence states are taken into account.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Optimization in Wasserstein Spaces
Creators: name: Terpin, Antonio
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization
subject: Wasserstein space
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/510
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study optimization problems whereby the optimization variable is a probability distribution. Unfortunately, the probability space is not a vector space and, thus, many classical methods available in the optimization literature (e.g., derivatives) are of little help. Thus, one typically has to resort to the abstract machinery of infinite-dimensional analysis or other ad-hoc methodologies, which are however not tailored to the probability space, generally entail projections or require convexity-type assumptions, and break when the problem changes. We believe instead that these problems call for a comprehensive methodological framework for calculus in probability spaces. In this work, we combine ideas from the optimal transport and variational analysis literature to equip the Wasserstein space (i.e., the space of probability measures endowed with the Wasserstein distance) with a variational structure, both by considerably extending existing results and introducing novel tools. Our theoretical analysis culminates in necessary optimality conditions which, perhaps surprisingly, (i) resemble rationales of Euclidean spaces, such as KKT conditions, and (ii) are intuitive, informative, and easy to study. Thereafter, we showcase how both existing and open problems of interest are considerably easier to solve. For instance, in the field of distributionally robust control and portfolio optimization. We believe this framework lays the foundation for new algorithmic and theoretical advancements in the study of optimization problems in probability spaces.
A Romano-British linch-pin head from Chelsham
Creators: name: Bird, Joanna
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 84, 187-189
description: Identifies this copper-alloy object as one arm of a crescent-shaped head for an iron linch-pin. The tip of the arm appears to be modelled in the shape of a phallus.
RW Aur A : SpeX Spectral Evidence for Differentiated Planetesimal Formation, Migration and Destruction in an 3 Myr Old Excited CTTS System
Creators: name: Lisse, C. M.
name: Sitko, M. L.
name: Wolk, S. J.
name: Günther, H. M.
name: Brittain, S.
name: Green, J. D.
name: Steckloff, J.
name: Johnson, B.
name: Espaillat, C. C.
name: Koutoukali, M.
name: Moorman, S. Y.
name: Jackson, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 2007 - 2020 SpeX VISNIR spectral monitoring of the highly variable RW Aur A CTTS. We find direct evidence for a highly excited, IR bright, asymmetric, and time variable system. Comparison of the spectral and temporal trends found determines 5 different components: (1) a stable continuum from 0.7 - 1.3 um, with approx color temperature 4000K, produced by the CTTS photospheric surface; (2) variable hydrogen emission lines emitted from hot excited hydrogen in the CTTSs protostellar atmosphere/accretion envelope; (3) hot CO gas in the CTTSs protostellar atmosphere/accretion envelope; (4) highly variable 1.8-5.0 um thermal continuum emission with color temperature ranging from 1130 to 1650K, due to a surrounding accretion disk that is spatially variable and has an inner wall at r = 0.04 AU and T = 1650K, and outer edges at approx 1200K; and (5) transient, bifurcated signatures of abundant Fe II + associated SI, SiI, and SrI in the systems jet structures. The bifuracted signatures first appeared in 2015, but these collapsed and disappeared into a small single peak protostellar atmosphere feature by late 2020. The temporal evolution of RW Aur As spectral signatures is consistent with a dynamically excited CTTS system forming differentiated Vesta-sized planetesimals in an asymmetric accretion disk and migrating them inward to be destructively accreted. By contrast, nearby, coeval binary companion RW Aur B evinces only (1) a stable WTTS photospheric continuum from 0.7 - 1.3 um + (3) cold CO gas in absorption + (4) stable 1.8-5.0 um thermal disk continuum emission with color temperature approx 1650K.
description: 38 Pages, 16 Figures, 2 Tables, accepted for publication in Astrophys J. 24-Jan-2022
Plebański-Demiański solutions with dynamical torsion and nonmetricity fields
Creators: name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Valcarcel, Jorge Gigante
name: Järv, Laur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct Plebański-Demiański stationary and axisymmetric solutions with two expanding and double principal null directions in the framework of Metric-Affine gauge theory of gravity. Starting from the new improved form of the metric with vanishing cosmological constant recently achieved by Podolský and Vrátný, we extend this form in the presence of a cosmological constant and derive the conditions under which the physical sources of the torsion and nonmetricity tensors provide dynamical contributions preserving it in Weyl-Cartan geometry. The resulting black hole configurations are characterised by the mass, orbital angular momentum, acceleration, NUT parameter, cosmological constant and electromagnetic charges of the Riemannian sector of the theory, as well as by the spin and dilation charges of the torsion and nonmetricity fields. The former is subject to a constraint representing a decoupling limit with the parameters responsible of axial symmetry, beyond which the geometry of the space-time is expected to be corrected.
description: 18 pages, minor changes, references added. It matches the version published in JCAP
Content Is King: Developing And Expanding The Australian Digital Theses Program
Creators: name: Green, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 80704 Information Retrieval and Web Search
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80706 Librarianship
subject: 80707 Organisation of Information and Knowledge Resources

description: Paper given at the conference Information Online at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on 1-3 February 2005.
GInX-Eval: Towards In-Distribution Evaluation of Graph Neural Network Explanations
Creators: name: Amara, Kenza
name: El-Assady, Mennatallah
name: Ying, Rex
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Diverse explainability methods of graph neural networks (GNN) have recently been developed to highlight the edges and nodes in the graph that contribute the most to the model predictions. However, it is not clear yet how to evaluate the correctness of those explanations, whether it is from a human or a model perspective. One unaddressed bottleneck in the current evaluation procedure is the problem of out-of-distribution explanations, whose distribution differs from those of the training data. This important issue affects existing evaluation metrics such as the popular faithfulness or fidelity score. In this paper, we show the limitations of faithfulness metrics. We propose GInX-Eval (Graph In-distribution eXplanation Evaluation), an evaluation procedure of graph explanations that overcomes the pitfalls of faithfulness and offers new insights on explainability methods. Using a retraining strategy, the GInX score measures how informative removed edges are for the model and the EdgeRank score evaluates if explanatory edges are correctly ordered by their importance. GInX-Eval verifies if ground-truth explanations are instructive to the GNN model. In addition, it shows that many popular methods, including gradient-based methods, produce explanations that are not better than a random designation of edges as important subgraphs, challenging the findings of current works in the area. Results with GInX-Eval are consistent across multiple datasets and align with human evaluation.
description: arXiv
Floquet time crystals in driven spin systems with all-to-all $p$-body interactions
Creators: name: Muñoz-Arias, Manuel H.
name: Chinni, Karthik
name: Poggi, Pablo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the emergence of Floquet time crystal (FTC) phases in the Floquet dynamics of periodically driven $p$-spin models, which describe a collection of spin-1/2 particles with all-to-all $p$-body interactions. Given the mean-field nature of these models, we treat the problem exactly in the thermodynamic limit and show that, for a given $p$, these systems can host various robust time-crystalline responses with period $nT$, where $T$ is the period of the drive and $n$ an integer between 2 and $p$. In particular, the case of four-body interactions ($p=4$) gives rise to both a usual period-doubling crystal, and also a novel period-quadrupling phase. We develop a comprehensive framework to predict robust subharmonic response in classical area-preserving maps, and use this as a basis to predict the occurrence and characterize the stability of the resulting mean-field FTC phases in the quantum regime. Our analysis reveals that the robustness of the time-crystal behavior is reduced as their period increases, and establishes a connection between the emergence of time crystals, described by eigenstate ordering and robust subharmonic response, and the phenomenology of excited state and dynamical quantum phase transitions. Finally, for the models hosting two or more coexisting time crystal phases, we define protocols where the periodic subharmonic response of the system can be varied in time via the non-periodic modulation of an external control parameter.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, closer in form to the published version
Soot Formation in a High-Pressure Swirl-Stabilized Flame
Creators: name: Koenig, Keaton C
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 400199
subject: Aerospace engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400402
subject: Chemical and thermal processes in energy and combustion

description: Soot is a detrimental byproduct of gas-turbine combustion which can negatively affect environmental, human, and mechanical health. The reduction of particulate emissions is critical to the sustainability of aircraft. Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is a diagnostic method that allows for in-situ measurements of soot within flames. Using this technique, soot formation was studied in a high-pressure swirl-stabilized combustor operating at conditions representative of aviation engines. LII measurements were taken in both pilot and full flame conditions with both traditional jet fuel (Jet-A) and Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) produced synthetic aviation fuel (SAF). All conditions showed a clear dependence on the equivalence ratio of the pilot flow with higher equivalence ratios demonstrating increased soot formation. Additionally, the SAF demonstrated a significant decrease in the amount of soot formed in comparison to Jet-A flames. These measurements represent a step forward in understanding the formation of particulate emissions in aviation engines. With greater understanding more efficient and sustainable combustion systems may be developed.
title: Task Performances as Functions of Level of Processing, Morningness-Eveningness, Time of Day, and Gender
Creators: name: Green, Georgia Kathryn
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1984

description: This study was undertaken to examine the relations between human circadian activity patterns and information processing. Eighty subjects selected on the basis of gender and circadian type performed a digit-sequence task and an analogies task in either a morning or an afternoon condition, having previously completed the Horne and Ostberg (1976) circadian type questionnaire and the Schmeck (1983) Inventory of Learning Processes. A significant Gender x Circadian Type x Time-of-Day Condition interaction was found for digit-sequence task performance, with female subjects' performances exhibiting morning condition superiority for morning types but evening condition superiority for evening types. Time and gender effects were found for the analogies task such that better performances were exhibited in the afternoon condition and by the female subjects (respectively). Also, scores on the Schmeck Methodical Study scale were found to covary significantly with analogies task performance. These results were discussed in the context of past literature.
SOiCI and iCISO: Combining iterative configuration interaction with spin-orbit coupling in two ways
Creators: name: Zhang, Ning
name: Xiao, Yunlong
name: Liu, Wenjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The near-exact iCIPT2 approach for strongly correlated systems of electrons, which stems from the combination of iterative configuration interaction (iCI, an exact solver of full CI) with configuration selection for static correlation and second-order perturbation theory (PT2) for dynamic correlation, is extended to the relativistic domain. In the spirit of spin separation, relativistic effects are treated in two steps: scalar relativity is treated by the infinite-order, spin-free part of the exact two-component (X2C) relativistic Hamiltonian, whereas spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is treated by the first-order, Douglas-Kroll-Hess-like SOC operator derived from the same X2C Hamiltonian. Two possible combinations of iCIPT2 with SOC are considered, i.e., SOiCI and iCISO. The former treats SOC and electron correlation on an equal footing, whereas the latter treats SOC in the spirit of state interaction, by constructing and diagonalizing an effective spin-orbit Hamiltonian matrix in a small number of correlated scalar states. Both double group and time reversal symmetries are incorporated to simplify the computation. Pilot applications reveal that SOiCI is very accurate for the spin-orbit splitting (SOS) of heavy atoms, whereas the computationally very cheap iCISO can safely be applied to the SOS of light atoms and even of systems containing heavy atoms when SOC is largely quenched by ligand fields.
title: The Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Activity of Novel Imidazole Ring Systems
Creators: name: De Los Angeles, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1986

description: An investigation was undertaken to synthesize and evaluate the cardiovascular activity of two imidazole ring systems. Imidazoles with hypotensive activity would provide novel potential antihypertensive drugs. These novel structures may also find use as chemical probes in the study of the cardiovascular system and as prototypes for other potential cardiovascular agents.

The histamine derivative, 7,7-dipyridyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo-[4,5-c]pyridine (ligand l), was demonstrated to possess significant hypotensive activity in laboratory rats. A 15 mg/Kg dose of ligand 1 produces a statistically significant decrease in blood pressure when injected IP. This hypotensive effect is also associated with marked increase in heart rate. Although compound 1 is structurally distinct from known antagonists of adrenoceptors, inquiries into the possible mode of action suggest possible antagonism of α-adrenoceptors. Structure-activity relationships indicate that the dipyridyl rings are absolutely essential for producing cardiovascular activity.

In addition, the novel 4(5)-methylimidazo-2-imidazoline, 4, was synthesized and evaluated for cardiovascular activity. The dihydrochloride salt of 4 was shown to significantly reduce heart rate, while having little or no effect on blood pressure.
Relative scale separation in orbifolds of $S^2$ and $S^5$
Creators: name: Tsimpis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In orbifold vacua containing an $S^q/Γ$ factor, we compute the relative order of scale separation, $r$, defined as the ratio of the eigenvalue of the lowest-lying $Γ$-invariant state of the scalar Laplacian on $S^q$, to the eigenvalue of the lowest-lying state. For $q=2$ and $Γ$ finite subgroup of $SO(3)$, or $q=5$ and $Γ$ finite subgroup of $SU(3)$, the maximal relative order of scale separation that can be achieved is $r=21$ or $r=12$, respectively. For smooth $S^5$ orbifolds, the maximal relative scale separation is $r=4.2$. Methods from invariant theory are very efficient in constructing $Γ$-invariant spherical harmonics, and can be readily generalized to other orbifolds.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures. v2: minor typos corrected. v3: minor improvements; to appear in JHEP
Agroforestry Systems with Olives and Legumes as a Reduced Tillage Strategy in North Tunisia
Creators: name: Senn, Olivia Antonia
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sustainable olive production; Agroforestry; Soil treatment
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/500
subject: Natural sciences
subject: FOS: Natural sciences

description: In Tunisia's changing climate, where drought and loss of fertility are advancing, understanding the potential of sustainable agricultural practices becomes paramount. Although soil management practices like reduced tillage or direct seeding have a positive influence on soil health, conventional agriculture with excessive tillage prevail. Rising temperatures, soil erosion and frequent tillage result in low soil humidity and poor soil health. Sufficient humidity and soil health are substantial for agricultural productivity. Therefore, it remains crucial to present and research the possible effects of tillage on soil in Tunisia, where almost 20% of farmland is dedicated to olive trees. Agroforestry with olive trees creates opportunities for conservation agriculture. Minimal soil disturbance and the cultivation of cover crops between olive trees help to increase soil health and the overall sustainability of the system. However, reasons to adopt or reject agroforestry practices with legumes in North Africa are poorly understood, and studies are lacking.

To assess the potential of agroforestry with legumes as a reduced tillage strategy for Northern Tunisia this thesis used two independent methods – soil sampling and qualitative research. Firstly, the soil sampling at a North Tunisian research site in El Krib confirmed the beneficial effects of cover crops on the humidity and nitrogen content of the soil; The seed mixture treatment showed the highest nitrate and humidity levels and the leguminous mulch significantly higher total nitrogen than all other treatments. Secondly, the qualitative inquiry of 29 local farmers and researchers exposed that farmers cultivate legumes as cover crops for soil health or yield. The main legitimate reasons to reject cover crops were its attraction of foreign livestock to the orchard and the inadequate market conditions of legumes. Most farmers planted legumes to feed their livestock. Although meat and milk production are resource intensive, producers increase their sustainability by feeding locally produced legumes instead of imported feed.

These results point out that tilling is the least favorable option considering its high cost in petrol, workforce and time. Moreover, the results indicate that legumes performed as ideal cover crops for Tunisian farmers. In addition to enhancing the humidity and nitrate content, legumes delivered a healthy and sustainable form of protein to eat or feed farmers’ livestock. Given the beneficial properties of legumes for soil, farmers, and consumers, increased government support through financial incentives to produce legumes is recommended. Implementing policies to support direct-seeding machines and minimal soil disturbance could help increase soil-preserving practices like agroforestry.
Nonlinear propagation effect in x-ray parametric amplification during high harmonic generation
Creators: name: Seres, J.
name: Seres, E.
name: Serrat, C.
name: Dinh, T. H.
name: Hasegawa, N.
name: Ishino, M.
name: Nishikino, M.
name: Nakano, K.
name: Namba, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the realization and characterization of parametric amplification in high harmonic generation around 100 eV using He gas in a double gas jet arrangement. The delay of the seed XUV pulse with respect to the amplifier gas jet was scanned by changing the distance between the gas jets. Experiments and numerical calculations show that parametric amplification occurs within a temporal window of several optical cycles. Strong correlation between the seed and amplifier was observed in a shorter, few optical cycles delay range, which appeared as a modulation of the XUV intensity with an unexpected one optical cycle periodicity instead of half optical cycle. Simulations revealed that the strong correlation and also the unusual periodicity was the consequence of the nonlinear effect produced by plasma dispersion on the parametric amplification process during propagation in the amplifier jet.
Frontiers of Power Struggle Between Incumbent US and An Ascending China and Its Implications on Global Peace and Stability
Creators: name: Sirayon, Hawa
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: International relations

description: The paper examined the frontiers of power struggle between incumbent US and an ascending China and its implications on global peace and stability. The paper is based on synthesis of empirical literature.  The rivalry between the US and China has manifested itself in various fronts including trade and investment; technology and innovation; military and strategic concerns; human rights and ideologies; global influence and diplomacy, among others. Such rivalry has implications for global peace and stability in terms of disruptions in global supply chains and International Trade; Political dependence and shrinking political space for other states; cybersecurity and information warfare and Geo- Geopolitical tension.
MPEC 2024-E25 : 2024 EL
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 EL

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Operating Spacecraft Around Comets: Evaluation of the Near-Nucleus Environment
Creators: name: Lisse, C. M.
name: Combi, M. R.
name: Farnham, T. L.
name: Russo, N. Dello
name: Sandford, S.
name: Cheng, A. F.
name: Fink, U.
name: Harris, W. M.
name: McMahon, J.
name: Scheeres, D. J.
name: Weaver, H. A.
name: Leary, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the current state of knowledge concerning spacecraft operations and potential hazards while operating near a comet nucleus. Starting from simple calculations comparing the cometary coma environment to benign conditions on Earth, we progress to sophisticated engineering models of spacecraft behavior, and then confront these models with recent spacecraft proximity operations experience. Finally, we make recommendations from lessons learned for future spacecraft missions that enter into orbit around a comet for long-term operations. All of these considerations indicate that, with a proper spacecraft design and operations planning, the near-nucleus environment can be a relatively safe region in which to operate, even for an active short period comet near perihelion with gas production rates as high as 1e29 molecules/s. With gas densities similar to those found in good laboratory vacuums, dust densities similar to Class 100 cleanrooms, dust particle velocities of 10s of m/s, and microgravity forces that permit slow and deliberate operations, the conditions around a comet are generally more benign than a typical day on Mars. Even in strong dust jets near the nucleus surface, dust densities tend to be only a few grains/cm3, about the same as in a typical interior room on Earth. Stochastic forces on a modern spacecraft with tens of square meters of projected surface area can be accounted for using modern Attitude Control Systems to within tens of meters navigation error; surface contamination issues are only important for spacecraft spending months to years within a few kilometers of the nucleus surface; and the issues the Rosetta spacecraft faced, confusion of celestial star trackers by sunlit dust particles flying past the spacecraft, will be addressed using the next generation of star trackers implementing improved transient rejection algorithms.
description: 38 Pages, 15 Figures, 1 Table; accepted for publication in Acta Astronautica 25-Nov-2021
Excavations on the site of the Old Vicarage, Church Street, Reigate, 1977-82, Part I Saxo-Norman and earlier discoveries
Creators: name: Poulton, Robert
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 77, 17-94
description: Apart from Meso and Roman scraps, the site mainly yielded Saxo-Norman rubbish pits, postholes, burnt areas, and plot boundaries. These probably represent an ordered expansion of Cherchefelle (Domesday Book) in ?11th-12th century. In late 12th plot boundaries were overridden by the new town of Reigate. Substantial pottery report, 7th cent glass jar; archaeomagnetic date of AD 950-1150.
Co-creating multimodal transportation hubs – how to close the gap between actors across different levels, scales, and sectors
Creators: name: Stadler Benz, Philippe
name: Stauffacher, Michael
name: Müller, Stefan Markus
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Multimodal transportation hubs (MMTHs)
Integration of transportation modes
Sustainable transport
Switzerland

description: Urban planning and transport planning should be integrated for successful urban transitions. This requires cooperation across different administrative levels, scales, and sectors and is best illustrated in the case of the transition of railway stations and their surroundings as multimodal transportation hubs (MMTHs). MMTHs contribute to increasing the modal split in favor of public transport, thereby reducing CO2 emissions and supporting the responsible use of land. In addition, MMTHs enable compact, dense, diverse and mixed use urban development. The transition involves numerous actors with various views and functional requirements. Due to limited competencies and divided task areas, no single actor bears the overall responsibility for this development and therefore, intensive coordination and ideally co-creation by important actors is crucial. To date, however, there is a lack of practical tools and methods that can bridge the different perspectives and priorities. This paper is a work in progress and aims to close the gap between actors across different levels, scales, and sectors. To this end, we conduct a qualitative social inquiry into co-creation challenges based on approx. ten to fifteen semi-structured interviews with actors from the transport and urban development sectors at the national, regional, and local levels. The synthesis of this inquiry then feeds into a focus group with selected actors, which seeks to develop tools and methods for co-creating MMTHs. We expect that our findings will show that the main challenges of the transition are coordinating projects over time and space, dealing with uncertainties due to the long lead time for infrastructure projects, and clarifying co-financing. The methods developed could support rolling planning with coordination among actors. At the conference, we present the first results from our two-stage research process and discuss the challenges and potential of integrated urban and transport planning across multiple governance scales.
Taming modeling uncertainties with Mass Unspecific Supervised Tagging
Creators: name: Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the modeling dependence of jet taggers built using the method of Mass Unspecific Supervised Tagging, by using two different parton showering and hadronisation schemes. We find that the modeling dependence of the results - estimated by using different schemes in the design of the taggers and applying them to the same type of data - is rather small, even if the jet substructure varies significantly between the two schemes. These results add great value to the use of generic supervised taggers for new physics searches.
description: LaTeX 11 pages, lots of plots
Supplementary Material from Collective order and group structure of shoaling fish subject to differing risk-level treatments with a sympatric predator
Creators: name: Schaerf, Timothy Martin
name: Wilson, Alexander D.M.
name: Welch, Mitchell
name: Ward, Ashley JW
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: This document contains supplementary information supporting the main manuscript, including some more details on the experimental subjects, general statistical tests, force mapping and randomisation, calculation of collective order parameters, bootstrapping, methods for examining the statistical structure of subgroups of mosquitofish, and supplementary results
Bradysia quercina Menzel & Kohler 2014
Creators: name: Heller, Kai
name: Hippa, Heikki
name: Vilkamaa, Pekka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Bradysia
Bradysia quercina

description: Bradysia quercina Menzel & Köhler, 2014
Fig. 7 A–C
Material examined
Paratypes
SWEDEN: Småland, Gränna, Lönnemålen, 58°02.935’ N, 14°34.382’ E, next to old cellar in Norway Spruce forest, Malaise trap (Trap ID 17), 10–24 Sep. 2003, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 3 ♂♂, no. 3184, 3185, SMNH, 4103, MZH; Småland, Kalmar län, Bäckebo, Grytsjön Nature Reserve, old aspen forest in boulder terrain, Malaise trap, 15 Jun. 2006, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 1 ♂, SMNH 6781.
SWITZERLAND: Sihlwald near Zürich, window trap, 5 Jun. 1996, Schiegg, 1 ♂, PKHH 1805.
Remarks
Bradysia quercina Menzel & Köhler, 2014 was described as belonging to the Bradysia praecox group on the basis of a number of specimens from Norway, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland (Köhler et al. 2014), and its affinities were thoroughly discussed. To compare to the figures of the holotype provided in the original description, we present drawings of the hypopygium and gonostylus of a paratype from Sweden (Fig. 7).
description: Published as part of Heller, Kai, Hippa, Heikki & Vilkamaa, Pekka, 2015, Taxonomy of Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in the Northern Holarctic, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 122 (122) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2015.122, http://zenodo.org/record/3780186