cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Taxonomic scheme of the order Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on chloroplast genomes
Creators: name: Benwen Liu
name: Yuxin Hu
name: Zhengyu Hu
name: Guoxiang Liu
name: Zhu, Huan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 Figs. S1-S7. Gene map of seven complete chloroplast genomes of the Chaetophorales. Arrows show the direction of transcription. The same colour block shows the functional gene group (legend at bottom left). Transfer RNAs are represented by their one-letter amino acid code. The grey circle on the inside shows a graph of the GC content. Fig. S1.Aphanochaete repens (HB201725). Fig. S2.Aphanochaete elegans (HB201732). Fig. S3.Uronema repens (LY201701).Fig. S4.Chaetophoropsis polyrhiza (HB201646).Fig. S5.Stigeoclonium sp. (bmA10).Fig. S6.Draparnaldia mutabilis (AES201713).Fig. S7.Chaetophora sp. (AES201704).
Rectification in single molecular dimers with strong polaron effect
Creators: name: Kaat, Gregers A.
name: Flensberg, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the transport properties of a molecular two level system with large electron-vibron coupling in the Coulomb blockade regime. We show that when the electron-vibron coupling induces polaron states, the current-voltage characteristic becomes strongly asymmetric because, in one current direction, one of the polaron state blocks the current through the other. This situation occurs when the coupling between the polaron states is smaller than the coupling to the leads. We discuss the relevance of our calculation for experiments on C_140 molecules.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Semiclassical analysis of the tensor power spectrum in the Starobinsky inflationary model
Creators: name: Tapia, Truman
name: Rojas, Clara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we calculate the tensor power spectrum and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r within the frame of the Starobinsky inflationary model using the improved uniform approximation method and the third-order phase-integral method. We compare our results with those obtained with numerical integration and the slow-roll approximation to second order. We have obtained consistent values of r using the different approximations, and r is inside the interval reported by observations.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.16807
The two-fold superstructure of titanium(III)-oxybromide at T = 17.5 K
Creators: name: Palatinus, L.
name: Schoenleber, A.
name: van Smaalen, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-temperature (T = 17.5 K) structure of titanium(III)-oxybromide, TiOBr, is reported as a two-fold superstructure of the crystal structure at room temperature. Weak superlattice reflections could be measured with synchrotron radiation x-rays, and they were analysed by structure refinements employing superspace techniques. Both the low temperature and room temperature tructures of TiOBr are isostructural to the corresponding structures of TiOCl. The results indicate that at low temperatures TiOBr is in a spin-Peierls state similar to TiOCl, but with the modulations and relevant interactions smaller than in the latter compound.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Prevalence and phylogeny of Chlamydiae and hemotropic mycoplasma species in captive and free-living bats
Creators: name: Fritschi, Janine
name: Marti, Hanna
name: Seth-Smith, Helena M. B.
name: Aeby, Sébastien
name: Greub, Gilbert
name: Meli, Marina L.
name: Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina
name: Mühldorfer, Kristin
name: Stokar-Regenscheit, Nadine
name: Danja Wiederkehr
name: Pilo, Paola
name: Broek, Peggy Rüegg- Van Den
name: Borel, Nicole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Reaction Mix compositions and cycling conditions of PCR methods used in this study.
An analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of greenhouse gas emissions by agriculture in Western Australia and the opportunities for agroforestry offsets
Creators: name: Kingwell, Ross S.
name: Harris-Adams, Keely
name: Kingwell, Ross S.
name: Harris-Adams, Keely
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: greenhouse gas emissions
subject: spatial analysis
subject: agriculture
subject: offsets
subject: sequestration

description: If agriculture is included in an Australian emissions trading scheme then it may face from 2015 at the earliest, a price for its greenhouse gas emissions; and thereby have incentives to offset and lessen its emissions. Yet because there is currently little understanding of the spatial pattern of emissions in agricultural regions of Australia, the extent of the challenge the sector faces in reducing its emissions is not fully recognised. To improve our understanding, this study uses the National Greenhouse Accounts methodology to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of agricultural emissions since 1990 in the key agricultural region in Australia’s southwest. This region generates almost 40 percent of the nation’s winter crop production and supports over a quarter of the nation’s sheep. The quantity and trajectory of emissions from each shire in this region are reported, thereby identifying where emission problems may be worsening or easing. The composition and causes of changes in emissions are discussed. This study also generates spatial estimates of sequestration costs by drawing on land and forestry cost and tree growth data. Many relatively low cost sites for carbon sequestration, based on permanent reforestation, are identified with the implication that agriculture may be able to cost-effectively offset its emissions, as well as some of those from other sectors. However, an implication of this study’s findings is that in some shires eventually there may be strong land use competition between farming and forestry.
Generalized gravitational phase transition in novel 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Samart, Daris
name: Channuie, Phongpichit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present the possible existence of thermal phase transition between AdS to dS asymptotic geometries in vacuum in the context of novel 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. The phase transition proceeds through the thermalon (the Euclidean sector of the bubble thin-shell) formation having a black hole inside the interior of dS spacetime and a thermal AdS spacetime in the exterior without introducing any matter field. According to our analysis, we find that the gravitational phase transitions using novel 4D EGB gravity always take place for all existences of the 4D EGB coupling. In contrast to 5-dimensional EGB gravity, the existence of phase transition requires a narrow range of the 4D EGB coupling with particular critical values, while the 5-dimension sector has a wider range of its coupling for the existences of the thermalon and there also exist critical values for the emergence of the phase transition.
description: v2: 1+15 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected, references updated
On the Evolutionary Status of Class I Stars and Herbig-Haro Energy Sources in Taurus-Auriga
Creators: name: White, Russel
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] We present high resolution optical spectra of stars in Taurus-Auriga whose circumstellar environment suggests that they are less evolved than optically revealed T Tauri stars. Many of the stars are seen only via scattered light. These spectra are used to search for differences between stars which power Herbig-Haro flows and stars which do not, and to reassess the evolutionary state of so-called protostars (Class I stars) relative to optically revealed T Tauri stars (Class II stars). The stellar mass distribution of Class I stars is similar to that of Class II stars and includes 3 Class I brown dwarfs. Class I stars in Taurus are slowly rotating; the angular momentum of a young star appears to dissipate prior to the optically revealed T Tauri phase. The mass accretion rates of Class I stars are surprisingly indistinguishable from those of Class II stars; they do not have accretion dominated luminosities. We confirm previous results that find larger forbidden-line emission associated with Class I stars than Class II stars. We suggest that this is caused by an orientation bias that allows a more direct view of the somewhat extended forbidden emission line regions than the obscured stellar photospheres, rather than because of larger mass outflow rates. Overall, the similar masses, luminosities, rotation rates, mass accretion rates, mass outflow rates, and millimeter flux densities of Class I and Class II stars are best explained by a scenario in which most Class I stars are no longer in the main accretion phase and are older than traditionally assumed. Similarly, although stars which power Herbig-Haro flows appear to have larger mass outflow rates, their stellar and circumstellar properties are generally indistinguishable from those of stars that do not power these flows.
description: 84 pages, including 21 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Low Emission Farming Systems: A whole-farm analysis of the potential impacts of greenhouse policy
Creators: name: Kingwell, Ross S.
name: Metcalf, Tess
name: Kingwell, Ross S.
name: Metcalf, Tess
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: agriculture
subject: greenhouse gases
subject: economic modelling
subject: abatement

description: The Australian government is introducing a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme in 2010, as part of its climate change policy. After 2015 agriculture may be covered by this scheme. This paper examines how different broadacre farming systems may be affected by the policy settings of this scheme. Using the bio-economic farming systems model MIDAS (Model of an Integrated Dryland Agricultural System) the impacts of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme on the profitability of different broadacre farming systems in the southwest of Australia are investigated. Results show a range of profit and enterprise impacts across the various farm types. In a scenario where agriculture is not covered by the scheme, reductions in profit range from 7 to 12 percent, attributable to more expensive ‘covered’ inputs such as fuel and fertiliser; and farmers reduce their use of expensive energy inputs such as chemicals and fertilisers. In a covered scenario profits decline by 15 to 25 percent of ‘business-as-usual’ profit and optimal farm plans involve a combination of reduced livestock numbers, the introduction of permanent woody perennial plantations on marginal lands and other changes to the farm enterprise mix to reduce emissions.
Additional file 3 of Long non-coding RNA profiling of pediatric Medulloblastoma
Creators: name: Varun Kesherwani
name: Shukla, Mamta
name: Coulter, Don W.
name: J. Graham Sharp
name: Shantaram S. Joshi
name: Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Structure of visible and dark matter components of spiral galaxies at z = 0.9
Creators: name: Tamm, Antti
name: Tenjes, Peeter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct self-consistent light and mass distribution models for 4 distant spiral galaxies. The models include a bulge, a disk and an isothermal dark matter. We find the luminosity profiles to have much steeper cut-off than that of a simple exponential disk. We apply k-corrections and derive rest-frame B-band mass-to-light ratios of the visible components and the central densities of the dark halos; we discover no significant evolution with redshift of these parameters.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the "Baryons in Dark Matter Halos" conference in Croatia, to appear in the conference proceedings
Additional file 2 of Social networks and their influences on nutrient intake, nutritional status and physical function in community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults: a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Creators: name: Asamane, Evans A.
name: Greig, Carolyn A.
name: Thompson, Janice L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Social network changes and nutrient intakes among community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults (n=81)
Waveguiding properties of surface states in photonic crystals
Creators: name: Rahachou, A. I.
name: Zozoulenko, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyze novel surface-state-based waveguides in bandgap photonic crystals. We discuss surface mode band structure, field localization and effect of imperfections on the waveguiding properties of the surface modes. We demonstrate that surface-state-based waveguides can be used to achieve directional emission out of the waveguide. We also discuss the application of the surface-state waveguides as efficient light couplers for conventional photonic crystal waveguides.
description: 4 pages 5 figures
Bounds on Expected Black Hole Spins in Inspiraling Binaries
Creators: name: O'Shaughnessy, R.
name: Kaplan, J.
name: Kalogera, V.
name: Belczynski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a first step towards understanding the angular momentum evolution history of black holes in merging black-hole/neutron-star binaries, we perform population synthesis calculations to track the distribution of accretion histories of compact objects in such binaries. We find that there are three distinct processes which can possibly contribute to the black-hole spin magnitude: a birth spin for the black hole, imparted at either (i) the collapse of a massive progenitor star to a black hole or (ii) the accretion-induced collapse of a neutron star to a black hole; and (iii) an accretion spin-up when the already formed black hole [via (i) or (ii)] goes through an accretion episode (through an accretion disk or a common-envelope phase). Our results show that, with regard to accretion-induced spinup in merging BH-NS binaries [method (iii) above], only {\em accretion episodes associated with common-envelope phases and hypercritical accretion rates} occur in the formation history of merging black hole/neutron star binaries. Lacking unambiguous experimental information about BH birth spins [i.e., regarding the results of processes (i) and (ii)], we choose two fiducial values for the BH birth angular momentum parameter a=J/M^2, consistent with observations of (i) NS birth spins (a roughly 0) and (ii) X-ray binaries (a=0.5). Using these two fiducial values and a conservative upper bound on the specific angular momentum of accreted matter, we discuss the expected range of black hole spins in the binaries of interest. We conclude with comments on the significance of these results for ground-based gravitational-wave searches of inspiral signals from black hole binaries.
description: Submitted to ApJ. (v1) Uses emulateapj.cls. 5 figures. (v2): corrected reference list and uses smaller figures (v3): Includes changes in response to referee comments, including new discussion of XRBs. Figures merged, so only 3 figures (v4) Minor typo correction, plus updated abstract posted online
Statistics of Weighted Networks
Creators: name: Almaas, E.
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistics of growing networks in which each link carries a weight (k_i k_j)^theta, where k_i and k_j are the node degrees at the endpoints of link ij. Network growth is governed by preferential attachment in which a newly-added node attaches to a node of degree k with rate A_k=k+lambda. For general values of theta and lambda, we compute the total weight of a network as a function of the number of nodes N and the distribution of link weights. Generically, the total weight grows as N for lambda>theta-1, and super-linearly otherwise. The link weight distribution is predicted to have a power law form that is modified by a logarithmic correction for the case lambda=0. We also determine the node strength, defined as the sum of the weights of the links that attach to the node, as function of k. Using known results for degree correlations, we deduce the scaling of the node strength on k and N.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2-column revtex4 format. Version 2 has an additional figure and minor changes in response to referee comment and will appear in PRE
Identification precipitation threshold and resulting river discharge: an IDF-based approach in the Central Himalaya, Nepal
Creators: name: Adhikari, Tirtha Raj
name: Baniya, Binod
name: Tang, Qiuhong
name: Chen, Deliang
name: Talchabhadel, Rocky
name: Li, He
name: Shrestha, Suraj
name: Sigdel, Madan
name: Budhathoki, Bhumi Raj
name: Pradhanang, Soni M.
name: Pradhananga, Dhiraj
name: Awasthi, Ram Prasad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between precipitation threshold and extreme river discharge, especially in mountainous regions, is challenging yet crucial for effective mountain risk management. This study, conducted in the Himalayan region of Nepal, employs an innovative approach using Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves to identify potential precipitation extremes relevant to extreme river discharges. Detailed analysis of historical hydrometeorological events and their impacts in Nepal was carried out to select a specific event for thorough examination. Additionally, the research evaluates satellite-based precipitation data and utilizes frequency analysis techniques such as Gumbel and Log Pearson Type III distributions, customized to the region’s unique conditions. Furthermore, the study evaluates Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) and Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) curves at various sub-basin levels. The findings underscore the significant role of 3-day consecutive precipitation over 1-day events in generating extreme river discharge within the basin. Notably, the study reveals discrepancies between PMP values derived from gauge-based and satellite-based data, emphasizing the necessity for proper bias correction of the satellite data. Despite its limitations, the research highlights the potential of high-resolution satellite data for disaggregating gauge observed daily precipitation and underscores its applicability to other Himalayan basins, offering valuable insights into precipitation-related extreme events and their implications for water resource management and disaster risk reduction.
Intrinsic decoherence effects on tripartite GHZ state generation using a trapped ion coupled to an optical cavity
Creators: name: Sharma, S. Shelly
name: Sharma, N. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the effects of intrinsic decoherence on the probability of generating a tripartite GHZ state using a cool trapped ion coupled to a single mode of the cavity field and interacting with a resonant laser field. Milburn equation is solved for this tripartite system to obtain the time evolution of density matrix as a function of cavity-ion coupling, laser-ion coupling, and the size of unitary time step relative to the time scale determined by system parameters. Starting with the system prepared initially in a separable state, density matrix is used to calculate the probability of tripartite GHZ state generation using coupling strengths reported in a recent experiment.
description: Revtex, 5 pages
Refractive uses of layered and two-dimensional materials for integrated photonics
Creators: name: Singh, Akshay
name: Jo, Seong Soon
name: Li, Yifei
name: Wu, Changming
name: Li, Mo
name: Jaramillo, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scientific community has witnessed tremendous expansion of research on layered (i.e. two-dimensional, 2D) materials, with increasing recent focus on applications to photonics. Layered materials are particularly exciting for manipulating light in the confined geometry of photonic integrated circuits, where key material properties include strong and controllable light-matter interaction, and limited optical loss. Layered materials feature tunable optical properties, phases that are promising for electro-optics, and a panoply of polymorphs that suggest a rich design space for highly-nonperturbative photonic integrated devices based on phase-change functionality. All of these features are manifest in materials with band gap above the photonics-relevant near-infrared (NIR) spectral band ($\sim$ 0.5 - 1 eV), meaning that they can be harnessed in refractive (i.e. non-absorptive) applications.
description: review paper. ACS Photonics (2020)
Land Tenurial Systems and the Adoption of Mucuna Planted Fallow in the Derived Savannas of West Africa
Creators: name: Manyong, Victor M.
name: Houndekon, Victorin A.
name: Manyong, Victor M.
name: Houndekon, Victorin A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: In 1987, an improved resource management system that incorporates velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) to address soil fertility and weed (Imperata cylindrica) infestation was introduced to the small-scale farmers in a densely populated area of the derived savannas in Benin Republic (West Africa). Six years later, an adoption study was conducted to assess factors driving the adoption process. Four types of land tenure systems based on mode of access to land were identified: divided inheritance, purchasing, gifts, and sharecropping/renting. The first three provide long-term security over land, and together, they represent about 76 percent of the survey fields. Results from three variants of a probit model indicated that security over land was among the factors that significantly affect the adoption of the technology, with a high marginal effect on the probability of adoption, while gender did not have a significant effect. The most important determinant for adoption is the number of times a field is weeded during a cropping season (a proxy for the amount of labor required to tend a crop for better yields). High weeding requirements favorably affect the adoption of velvet bean only if farmers have full security on the degraded (weedy) land. The predominance of land tenure systems that provide secure property rights, namely the traditional acquisition of land through inheritance or gift mode and the gradual development of a land market, facilitated a quick spread of the Mucuna planted fallows in the study region.
Evaluating occupational health risks associated with substitution of high-level disinfectants in hospitals
Creators: name: Rideout, Karen L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Glutaraldehyde, a chemical associated with respiratory illness, has been used for high-level disinfection in hospitals for 40 years. Two substitutes have recently been introduced—ortho-phthalaldehyde and a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid—despite limited health effects information about the products. This project used a two-tiered approach to evaluate the risks associated with substitution of high-level disinfectants. It involved predicting the relative toxic effects of all the products and assessing the current practices regarding the use of high-level disinfectants in British Columbia hospitals. Relative potential toxicities were examined based on regulatory data, a review of the published literature, and a qualitative structure-activity relationship analysis. There was no published literature and little regulatory data available for orthophthalaldehyde and there is no history of using ortho-phthalaldehyde solutions in any industry. Structure-activity results suggest ortho-phthalaldehyde has dermal and respiratory sensitizing potential. Although little epidemiological data was available for hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid, structure-activity analysis results suggest little risk of sensitization. Current practices in industry were assessed using a comprehensive survey of current practices and decision processes in all hospitals in British Columbia. Of 95 hospitals, 64 returned surveys; 80% of these used high-level disinfection. Among user hospitals, 49% used glutaraldehyde only and 51% had introduced alternatives. Concern about employee health was the most common reason for substituting but was frequently not considered when choosing specific alternatives. Although occupational health and safety staff were available to 67% of user hospitals, they were involved in the decision process about the use of chemical high-level disinfectants in only 41%. Hospitals that involved occupational health, infection control, or regional staff in high-level disinfectant decisions used glutaraldehyde alternatives less frequently. In most hospitals it was difficult to find any one person knowledgeable about the use of disinfectants at the site. Despite the fact that little is known about the risks to employees from glutaraldehyde alternatives, their use is widespread. The potential risks of all high-level disinfectants are serious; thus, regulators are faced with important risk management decisions not only before introducing new chemicals, but also after they have been introduced into the workplace.
“Moving with the story”: the haptics of reader experience and response to digital comics
Creators: name: Berube, Linda
name: Priego, Ernesto
name: Wisdom, Stella
name: Cooke, Ian
name: Makri, Stephann
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The experience of reading digital comics differs from that of other reading in that it involves the interplay between text and art, both “on the page”, for example, as with the traditional comic book format, or “off the page” in interaction with devices, apps and “extras” the Alt Text in the webcomic, xkcd. This interplay and placement can communicate movement, stillness, suspense, bringing the reader along not only through content or story arc but also through the material affordances, the physical reality of the comic in combination with the technology. The findings of this exploratory study reveal both the varied reading experiences of digital comics as well as the shared experiences of haptic interactions and emotional perception and reaction through the use of devices, comics platforms and apps, and social media. Although webcomics, one type of digital comics, have long been a part of the evolution of hypertext, their place has not always been acknowledged in the scholarship. This research not only contributes towards an empirical, qualitative understanding of reader response to and experience of a range of digital comics including webcomics, but also addresses their role as an example of the haptics of hypertext fiction.
Additional file 3 of Social networks and their influences on nutrient intake, nutritional status and physical function in community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults: a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Creators: name: Asamane, Evans A.
name: Greig, Carolyn A.
name: Thompson, Janice L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Association of social networks with MNA-SF, WC, HGS and selected nutrients.
Collective Action in Space: Assessing How Collective Action Varies Across an African Landscape
Creators: name: Swallow, Brent M.
name: Wangila, Justine
name: Mulatu, Woudyalew
name: Okello, Onyango
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Swallow, Brent M.
name: Wangila, Justine
name: Mulatu, Woudyalew
name: Okello, Onyango
name: McCarthy, Nancy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper develops and applies a new approach for analyzing the spatial aspects of individual adoption of a technology that produces a mixed public-private good. The technology is an animal insecticide treatment called a “pouron” that individual households buy and apply to their animals. Private benefits accrue to households whose animals are treated, while the public benefits accrue to all those who own animals within an area of effective suppression. A model of household demand for pourons is presented. As for a private good, household demand for the variable input depends upon output price, input cost, and household characteristics. Input costs for pouron treatments include both the market price of the pourons and the transaction costs that the household must incur to obtain the treatments. Demand also depends upon the way that each household expects its neighbors to respond to one’s own behavior. Free-riding is expected in communities with no tradition or formal organization to support collective action. Greater cooperation is expected in communities that have organizations that reward cooperative behavior and punish deviant behavior. Data for estimation of the model were collected for all of the 5,000 households that reside within the study area of 350 square kilometers in southwest Ethiopia. Geographic reference data were collected for every household using portable Geographic Positioning System units. GIS software was used to generate spatial variables. Variables for distance from the household to the nearest treatment center and number of cattle-owning neighbors within a 1- kilometer radius of the household were created. The density of cattle-owning neighbors was used as a measure of the potential benefits from cooperation; this variable was expected to have a positive effect on household pouron demand in communities able to support effective collective action and a negative effect in communities not able to support effective collective action. A set of community binary variables was interacted with the density variable to capture differences between communities. The results confirm the importance of the household-level variables. The results also indicate large differences in ability to cooperate between local administrative units. Everything else equal, the areas least able to cooperate were located farthest from the treatment center, were ethnically heterogenous, and had a different ethnic composition than areas around the treatment centers.
Improved Automatic Summarization of Subroutines via Attention to File Context
Creators: name: Haque, Sakib
name: LeClair, Alexander
name: Wu, Lingfei
name: McMillan, Collin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software documentation largely consists of short, natural language summaries of the subroutines in the software. These summaries help programmers quickly understand what a subroutine does without having to read the source code him or herself. The task of writing these descriptions is called "source code summarization" and has been a target of research for several years. Recently, AI-based approaches have superseded older, heuristic-based approaches. Yet, to date these AI-based approaches assume that all the content needed to predict summaries is inside subroutine itself. This assumption limits performance because many subroutines cannot be understood without surrounding context. In this paper, we present an approach that models the file context of subroutines (i.e. other subroutines in the same file) and uses an attention mechanism to find words and concepts to use in summaries. We show in an experiment that our approach extends and improves several recent baselines.
An upper bound on the energy of a gravitationally redshifted electron-positron annihilation line from the Crab pulsar
Creators: name: Negi, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The various changes in the `abstract' are mentioned in point (1) of the present erratum.
description: Erratum: 2 pages (including 1 table) in A&A style
Synaptic Learning with Augmented Spikes
Creators: name: Yu, Qiang
name: Song, Shiming
name: Ma, Chenxiang
name: Pan, Linqiang
name: Tan, Kay Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional neuron models use analog values for information representation and computation, while all-or-nothing spikes are employed in the spiking ones. With a more brain-like processing paradigm, spiking neurons are more promising for improvements on efficiency and computational capability. They extend the computation of traditional neurons with an additional dimension of time carried by all-or-nothing spikes. Could one benefit from both the accuracy of analog values and the time-processing capability of spikes? In this paper, we introduce a concept of augmented spikes to carry complementary information with spike coefficients in addition to spike latencies. New augmented spiking neuron model and synaptic learning rules are proposed to process and learn patterns of augmented spikes. We provide systematic insight into the properties and characteristics of our methods, including classification of augmented spike patterns, learning capacity, construction of causality, feature detection, robustness and applicability to practical tasks such as acoustic and visual pattern recognition. The remarkable results highlight the effectiveness and potential merits of our methods. Importantly, our augmented approaches are versatile and can be easily generalized to other spike-based systems, contributing to a potential development for them including neuromorphic computing.
description: 13 pages
User-centred collecting for emerging formats
Creators: name: Rossi, Giulia Carla
name: Cooke, Ian
name: Clark, Lynda
name: Pyke, Tegan
name: Nicholls, Florence Smith
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Since 2013, the UK legal deposit libraries have worked collaboratively to develop systems to manage born-digital publications, including a more experimental approach to content management for emerging formats. Within the content management lifecycle, access was identified as a key challenge. This paper provides an overview of the work conducted at legal deposit libraries to better understand access requirements for emerging formats, from a user's perspective and with a focus on web-based interactive narratives. It includes background information on UK non-print legal deposit and the characteristics that distinguish emerging formats from other collection items. It explores the findings from different workshops discussing user's needs and expectations when accessing born-digital collections in a library environment. It also considers how existing tools and methodologies, such as web archiving, can be adapted and built to support the collection of emerging formats. Finally, it delves into different research projects conducted at the British Library around archiving and performing quality assurance for interactive narratives, collecting contextual information, and lessons learnt from exhibiting born-digital content in a physical space.
Tribes, State, and Technology Adoption in Arid Land Management, Syria
Creators: name: Rae, Jonathan
name: Arab, Georges
name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Jani, K.
name: Gintzburger, Gustave
name: Rae, Jonathan
name: Arab, Georges
name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Jani, K.
name: Gintzburger, Gustave
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Arid shrub-lands in Syria and elsewhere in West Asia and North Africa are widely thought degraded. Characteristic of these areas is a preponderance of unpalatable shrubs or a lack of overall ground cover with a rise in the associated risks of soil erosion. Migrating pastoralists have been the scapegoats for this condition of the range. State steppe interventions of the last forty years have reflected this with programs to supplant customary systems with structures and institutions promoting western grazing systems and technologies. Principal amongst the latter has been shrub technology, particularly Atriplex species, for use in land rehabilitation and as a fodder reserve. This paper deconstructs state steppe policy in Syria by examining the overlap and interface of government and customary legal systems as a factor in the history of shrub technology transfer in the Syrian steppe. It is argued that the link made between signs of degradation and perceived moribund customary systems is not at all causal. Indeed, customary systems are found to be adaptive and resilient, and a strong influence on steppe management and the fate of technology transfer initiatives. Furthermore, developments in rangeland ecology raise questions about claims for grazing-induced degradation and call for a reinterpretation of recent shifts in vegetation on the Syrian steppe. Given the ineffectiveness of past state interventions, and in view of renewed understanding of customary systems and rangeland ecology, decentralization and some devolution of formal management responsibility is likely to be a viable and an attractive option for policymakers.
The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Discovery of Luminous, Metal-poor, Sta r-forming Galaxies at Redshifts z~0.7
Creators: name: Hoyos, Carlos
name: Koo, David C.
name: Phillips, Andrew C.
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Guhathakurta, Puragra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered a sample of 17 metal-poor, yet luminous, star-forming galaxies at redshifts z~0.7. They were selected from the initial phase of the DEEP2 survey of 3900 galaxies and the Team Keck Redshift Survey (TKRS) of 1536 galaxies as those showing the temperature-sensitive [OIII]l4363 auroral line. These rare galaxies have blue luminosities close to L*, high star formation rates of 5 to 12 solar masses per year, and oxygen abundances of 1/3 to 1/10 solar. They thus lie significantly off the luminosity-metallicity relation found previously for field galaxies with strong emission lines at redshifts z~0.7. The prior surveys relied on indirect, empirical calibrations of the R23 diagnostic and the assumption that luminous galaxies are not metal-poor. Our discovery suggests that this assumption is sometimes invalid. As a class, these newly-discovered galaxies are: (1) more metal-poor than common classes of bright emission-line galaxies at z~0.7 or at the present epoch; (2) comparable in metallicity to z~3 Lyman Break Galaxies but less luminous; and (3) comparable in metallicity to local metal-poor eXtreme Blue Compact Galaxies (XBCGs), but more luminous. Together, the three samples suggest that the most-luminous, metal-poor, compact galaxies become fainter over time.
description: This is a .tgz file. It should create the following files: texto.tex, tab1.tex, f1.eps and f2.eps. The LaTeX style used is emulateapj.cls, version November 26, 2004. This submission is 5 pages long, one table and two figures. To appear in ApJL
Aligning Nuclear Cluster Orbits with an Active Galactic Nucleus Accretion Disk
Creators: name: Fabj, Gaia
name: Nasim, Syeda S.
name: Caban, Freddy
name: Ford, K. E. Saavik
name: McKernan, Barry
name: Bellovary, Jillian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are powered by the accretion of disks of gas onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Stars and stellar remnants orbiting the SMBH in the nuclear star cluster (NSC) will interact with the AGN disk. Orbiters plunging through the disk experience a drag force and, through repeated passage, can have their orbits captured by the disk. A population of embedded objects in AGN disks may be a significant source of binary black hole mergers, supernovae, tidal disruption events and embedded gamma-ray bursts. For two representative AGN disk models we use geometric drag and Bondi-Hoyle-Littleton drag to determine the time to capture for stars and stellar remnants. We assume a range of initial inclination angles and semi-major axes for circular Keplerian prograde orbiters. Capture time strongly depends on the density and aspect ratio of the chosen disk model, the relative velocity of the stellar object with respect to the disk, and the AGN lifetime. We expect that for an AGN disk density $ρ\gtrsim 10^{-11}\rm g/cm^3$ and disk lifetime $\geq 1$Myr, there is a significant population of embedded stellar objects, which can fuel mergers detectable in gravitational waves with LIGO-Virgo and LISA.
description: Submitted to MNRAS; 10 pages, 6 figures
The Gauss maps of Demoulin surfaces with conformal coordinates
Creators: name: Inoguchi, Jun-ichi
name: Kobayashi, Shimpei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53A20, Secondary 53C43, 37K10

description: Demoulin surfaces in real projective $3$-space are investigated. Our result enable us to establish a generalized Weierstrass type representation for definite Demoulin surfaces by virtue of primitive maps into a certain semi-Riemannian $6$-symmetric space.
description: 18 pages, v2 several typos fixed
The Effects of Scales, Flows and Filters on Property Rights and Collective Action in Watershed Management
Creators: name: Swallow, Brent M.
name: Garrity, Dennis P.
name: Van Noordwijk, Meine
name: Swallow, Brent M.
name: Garrity, Dennis P.
name: Van Noordwijk, Meine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Research and policy on property rights, collective action and watershed management requires good understanding of ecological and socio-political processes at different social-spatial scales. On-farm soil erosion is a plot or farm-level problem that can be mitigated through more secure property rights for individual farmers, while the sedimentation of streams and deterioration of water quality are larger-scale problems that may require more effective collective action and / or more secure property rights at the village or catchment scale. Differences in social-political contexts across nations and regions also shape property rights and collective action institutions. For example, circumstances in the Lake Victoria basin in East Africa require particular attention to collective action and property rights problems in specific “hot spot” areas where insecure tenure leads to overuse or under-investment. Circumstances in the uplands of Southeast Asia require analysis of the opportunities for negotiating more secure rights for farmers in exchange for stronger collective action by farmer groups for maintaining essential watershed functions.
Classification of dark energy models in the (w_0,w_a) plane
Creators: name: Barger, V.
name: Guarnaccia, E.
name: Marfatia, D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify dark energy models in a plane of observables that correspond to the common parameterization of a non-constant equation of state, w(a)=w_0 + w_a(1-a), where $a$ is the scale factor of the universe. The models fall into four classes and only two of these classes have a region of overlap in the observable plane. We perform a joint analysis of all Type Ia supernova (SNIa) data compiled by the High-Z SN Search Team (HZT) and the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) and find that no class of models is excluded by current SNIa data. However, an analysis of large scale structure, Ly$α$ forest and bias constraints from SDSS, the Gold SNIa data and WMAP data indicates that non-phantom barotropic models with a a positive sound speed are excluded at the 95% C.L.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Classification generalized to include models for which the equation of state crosses the phantom divide line. Published version