cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Genera of non-algebraic leaves of polynomial foliations of $\mathbb C^2$
Creators: name: Goncharuk, Nataliya
name: Kudryashov, Yury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F75, 32M25

description: In this article, we prove two results. First, we construct a dense subset in the space of polynomial foliations of degree $n$ such that each foliation from this subset has a leaf with at least $\frac{(n+1)(n+2)}2-4$ handles. Next, we prove that for a generic foliation invariant under the map $(x, y)\mapsto (x, -y)$ all leaves have infinitely many handles.
SUEWS Documentation
Creators: name: Sun, Ting
name: Järvi, Leena
name: Grimmond, C.S.B.
name: Lindberg, Fredrik
name: Li, Zhenkun
name: Tang, Yihao
name: Ward, Helen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: SUEWS Documentation: https://suews-docs.readthedocs.io
Triangles in cartesian squares of quasirandom groups
Creators: name: Bergelson, Vitaly
name: Robertson, Donald
name: Zorin-Kranich, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A15

description: We prove that triangular configurations are plentiful in large subsets of cartesian squares of finite quasirandom groups from classes having the quasirandom ultraproduct property, for example the class of finite simple groups. This is deduced from a strong double recurrence theorem for two commuting measure-preserving actions of a minimally almost periodic (not necessarily amenable or locally compact) group on a (not necessarily separable) probability space.
description: 16 pages
Covering of spheres by spherical caps and worst-case error for equal weight cubature in Sobolev spaces
Creators: name: Brauchart, Johann S.
name: Dick, Josef
name: Saff, Edward B.
name: Sloan, Ian H.
name: Wang, Yu Guang
name: Womersley, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D30, 65D32 (Primary) 52C17, 41A55 (Secondary)

description: We prove that the covering radius of an $N$-point subset $X_N$ of the unit sphere $S^d \subset R^{d+1}$ is bounded above by a power of the worst-case error for equal weight cubature $\frac{1}{N}\sum_{\mathbf{x} \in X_N}f(\mathbf{x}) \approx \int_{S^d} f \, \mathrm{d} σ_d$ for functions in the Sobolev space $\mathbb{W}_p^s(S^d)$, where $σ_d$ denotes normalized area measure on $S^d.$ These bounds are close to optimal when $s$ is close to $d/p$. Our study of the worst-case error along with results of Brandolini et al. motivate the definition of Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) design sequences for $\mathbb{W}_p^s(S^d)$, which have previously been introduced only in the Hilbert space setting $p=2$. We say that a sequence $(X_N)$ of $N$-point configurations is a QMC-design sequence for $\mathbb{W}_p^s(S^d)$ with $s > d/p$ provided the worst-case equal weight cubature error for $X_N$ has order $N^{-s/d}$ as $N \to \infty$, a property that holds, in particular, for a sequence of spherical $t$-designs in which each design has order $t^d$ points. For the case $p = 1$, we deduce that any QMC-design sequence $(X_N)$ for $\mathbb{W}_1^s(S^d)$ with $s > d$ has the optimal covering property; i.e., the covering radius of $X_N$ has order $N^{-1/d}$ as $N \to \infty$. A significant portion of our effort is devoted to the formulation of the worst-case error in terms of a Bessel kernel, and showing that this kernel satisfies a Bernstein type inequality involving the mesh ratio of $X_N$. As a consequence we prove that any QMC-design sequence for $\mathbb{W}_p^s(S^d)$ is also a QMC-design sequence for $\mathbb{W}_{p^\prime}^s(S^d)$ for all $1 \leq p < p^\prime \leq \infty$ and, furthermore, if $(X_N)$ is a quasi-uniform QMC-design sequence for $\mathbb{W}_p^s(S^d)$, then it is also a QMC-design sequence for $\mathbb{W}_p^{s^\prime}(S^d)$ for all $s > s^\prime > d/p$.
description: 32 pages, with changes of accepted paper, added supporting organization
Comparison of benefits, stakeholders, implementation, and locations of community forestry in Taiwan and Indonesia based on experts’ views
Creators: name: Situmorang, Rospita Odorlina P
name: Yen, Tian-Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: This study compares the benefits, stakeholders, program implementation, and locations of community forestry (CF) programs in Taiwan and Indonesia based on expert views. An online survey was submitted to 49 experts between December 2019 and January 2020. We evaluated CF benefits, stakeholder roles, and available programs in both countries using the Friedman and Hollander–Wolfe tests. Concerning benefits, Taiwan and Indonesia differed considerably, in that environmental, economic, and social benefits of CF in Taiwan were all assigned equal values. However, in Indonesia, economic benefits (R = 55.0) had the highest score. Regarding stakeholders’ contributions, community organizations (R = 99.5) constituted the highest contribution in Taiwan, while the government (R = 79.5) was the dominant stakeholder in Indonesia. The government mostly contributed by providing financial support (R = 67.5) for community organization development in Taiwan, while in Indonesia, it focused on devolving forestland and forest resources (R = 61.0) to communities. The contributions of non-governmental organizations in facilitating CF were the same in Taiwan and Indonesia. In terms of the available programs, Taiwan and Indonesia also differed, indicated by the community participation motives that were equally important to increase income, protect forests, and conserve biodiversity and ecosystem in Taiwan, whereas in Indonesia, increasing income (R = 63.0) was the most important to communities. For community development programs, ecotourism (R = 51.5) is more influential than product industry development in Taiwan, while in Indonesia, they were equally influential. CF implementation in Taiwan was more likely located in mountainous areas, while CFs were situated throughout Indonesia.
Liquid-liquid phase transition in an atomistic model glass former
Creators: name: Speck, Thomas
name: Royall, C. Patrick
name: Williams, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether the glass transition is caused by an underlying singularity or is a purely kinetic phenomenon is a significant outstanding question. Studying an atomistic glass former, we introduce a sampling method to access temperatures corresponding to dynamical regimes usually hard to reach with computer simulation. We find a peak in the specific heat, which we interpret as a drop in the density of states. We further present evidence of a liquid-liquid transition to a state rich in locally favoured structures related to a recently discovered dynamical phase transition.
description: 6 pages
Foot orthoses: what are the proposed mechanisms of action, musculoskeletal conditions for which they are prescribed, and how is their efficacy measured? A scoping review.
Creators: name: Preston, Peter
name: Johnson, Gabriel
name: Miller, Stuart
name: Prior, Trevor
name: Griffiths, Ian
name: San, Sam
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Kinesiology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Orthotics and Prosthetics
subject: Life Sciences
subject: footwear
subject: Orthoses
subject: orthotics
subject: insoles

description: Scoping Review Protocol The aim of this scoping review is to provide an in-depth summary of literature pertaining to what is known about foot orthoses, covering: the proposed mechanisms of foot orthoses, the musculoskeletal conditions for which they are prescribed, and their measures of efficacy.
Seed germination characteristics of an endangered evergreen broadleaf tree, Rhododendron uwaense
Creators: name: Watanabe, Yuki
name: Higa, Motoki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The importance of plantation forests in the conservation of endangered species has increased over time. Rhododendron uwaense is a small, endangered, evergreen broadleaf tree first described in 1984. This species only occurs in plantations and secondary forests on a small watershed in Shikoku, western Japan. Between the first observation of the species and 2017 no forest management practices had been conducted within the species’ range; however, the landowner began thinning operations in 2017. If this species has light requirements for germination as like some Rhododendron species, forest management practices that improve light availability may facilitate the establishment of the species. To reveal the germination characteristics and the appropriate storage conditions and length for R. uwaense seeds, we assessed differences in the germination of seeds stored under different conditions (indoor, outdoor, moist chilled and dry chilled) and for varying durations (45, 90, 136, 180, 225 days) by the gradually increasing and decreasing temperature method. Germination was higher in the increasing temperature regime. This trend is common among plant species with physiological dormancy that is broken by chilling, allowing seeds to germinate in the spring. Seeds that were collected during the dispersal period germinated immediately after collection, but germination required the presence of light. Seeds stored indoors for more than 180 days failed to germinate. Seeds stored dry chilled for 225 days still maintained a germination rate of more than 60%. Improvement of forest floor light conditions and seed storage under dry chilled conditions are recommended for seed germination and propagation.
title: Implementation of a method for the inverse calculation of the heat flux during the impact of a drop chain onto a heated surface
Creators: name: Unkelbach, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2020

description: Spray cooling is one of the most efficient cooling methods, can achieve a very high, nearly uniform heat flux and thus reduce thermal loads. Spray-wall interaction is encountered in existing and emerging technologies and the underlying phenomenon associated with spray cooling. Spray cooling exploits the latent heat of vaporization and surpasses other conventional cooling methods. Drop impact is a punctual aspect of a monodisperse droplet chain, which reduces a spray to one dimension. The submitted thesis deals with the development of heat flux calculation models as means of solving the inverse heat conduction problem of drop impact on a heated surface. In this work different existing models for solving the inverse heat conduction problem are introduced and one of them is applied. This existing method is compared to the newly developed calculation methods which are presented and compared. Firstly drop impact phenomena are explained for the isothermal and non-isothermal case. Then the abstraction is made to sprays. The heat conduction equation is introduced and subsequently solved for our experimental set-up. The experimental set-up consists of a drop generator, a heated probe and measuring equipment. The drop generation and measuring equipment are used to obtain temperature measurements within the probe. The probe body is polished stainless steel with holes at different horizontal and radial positions for temperature measurement. These measurement points are used to calculate the surface temperature of the heated probe. The heat flux from the heated probe is the same as the heat flux absorbed by a droplet upon impact. Therefore the heat flux during drop impact is calculated from the temperature measurements within the heated probe body. The heat flux calculation results are used to understand the change in dissipated heat at different temperatures. The calculations are validated using a simulated test case with a known surface temperature and heat flux before the newly developed calculation methods are applied to real measurement data.
Path Integral and Asset Pricing
Creators: name: Kakushadze, Zura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a pragmatic/pedagogical discussion of using Euclidean path integral in asset pricing. We then illustrate the path integral approach on short-rate models. By understanding the change of path integral measure in the Vasicek/Hull-White model, we can apply the same techniques to "less-tractable" models such as the Black-Karasinski model. We give explicit formulas for computing the bond pricing function in such models in the analog of quantum mechanical "semiclassical" approximation. We also outline how to apply perturbative quantum mechanical techniques beyond the "semiclassical" approximation, which are facilitated by Feynman diagrams.
description: 30 pages; a few trivial typos corrected, references updated, no other changes
Metric Scott analysis
Creators: name: Yaacov, Itai Ben
name: Doucha, Michal
name: Nies, Andre
name: Tsankov, Todor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C75, 03E15

description: We develop an analogue of the classical Scott analysis for metric structures and infinitary continuous logic. Among our results are the existence of Scott sentences for metric structures and a version of the Lopez-Escobar theorem. We also derive some descriptive set theoretic consequences: most notably, that isomorphism on a class of separable structures is a Borel equivalence relation iff their Scott rank is uniformly bounded below $ω_1$. Finally, we apply our methods to study the Gromov-Hausdorff distance between metric spaces and the Kadets distance between Banach spaces, showing that the set of spaces with distance $0$ to a fixed space is a Borel set.
description: This preprint replaces and greatly expands our previous preprint "A Lopez-Escobar theorem for continuous logic" (without Doucha). Please only cite this current version. The previous material is contained in Section 6 in updated form. The paper is submitted as of July 2016. Key words: continuous logic, infinitary logic, Scott rank, Scott sentence, Lopez-Escobar theorem
Food System Outcomes: An Overview and the Contribution to Food Systems Transformation
Creators: name: Stefanovic, Lilliana
name: Freytag-Leyer, Barbara
name: Kahl, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: food system outcomes
subject: food systems transformation
subject: food systems performance
subject: sustainability
subject: resilience
subject: 630
subject: Lebensmittelwirtschaft
subject: Transformation
subject: Nachhaltigkeit
subject: Resilienz

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Extending Properties to Relatively Hyperbolic Groups
Creators: name: Ramras, Daniel A.
name: Ramsey, Bobby W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F67 (Primary), 19D50, 53C23, 20F69 (Secondary)

description: Consider a finitely generated group $G$ that is relatively hyperbolic with respect to a family of subgroups $H_1, ..., H_n$. We present an axiomatic approach to the problem of extending metric properties from the subgroups $H_i$ to the full group $G$. We use this to show that both (weak) finite decomposition complexity and straight finite decomposition complexity are extendable properties. We also discuss the equivalence of two notions of straight finite decomposition complexity.
description: 11 pages
Choosing an elective - What impact do scientific profile classes have?
Creators: name: Schulte, Alena
name: Wegner, Claas
Publisher: name: Progress in Science Education (PriSE)
Year: 2020

description: Background: With 263,000 vacant jobs in the MINT sector, there is currently a shortage of specialists in Germany. Concurrently, schools report a decrease in scientific interest, particularly noticeable in lower secondary school, as many students choose to take non-science subjects. However, there are a few teaching models that can promote scientific interest and choice: Science profile classes (5th – 7th grade) are one possibility to compensate. Purpose: We aim to examine the effectiveness of using a teaching model that contains profile classes. This will be assessed by investigating which elective students chose after 7th grade, accompanied by exploring influencing factors. Sample/Setting: The sample consists of a total of 83 students in 7th grade (13 years old), where students either attended a science profile class or a regular class (n = 55, 29 male/25 female/1 non-binary; n = 28, 15 male/13 female, respectively) at two Gymnasien in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Design Methods: At the end of 7th grade, students answered a questionnaire including items on scientific interest, ability self-concept and motives for choosing an elective. Results: There were no significant effects on elective choice between profile classes and regular classes (χ²(1)=0.508, p = 0.476) nor between genders (χ²(1)=0.163, p = 0.687). However, the factors utility value and ability self-concept have a significant influence on elective choice. Conclusions/Implications for classroom practice and future research: This study provides the first attempt to identify what motivates secondary school students to choose an elective. Although we have determined a target group of students to promote science, our study concluded that science profile classes have no effect on elective choice. Future studies should further develop the curriculum and teaching method to effectively promote students’ interests.
description: Progress in Science Education (PriSE), Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021)
Soil pH and divalent cations after clear-cutting on a Japanese cypress plantation
Creators: name: Farahnak, Moein
name: Mitsuyasu, Keiji
name: Ide, Jun’ichiro
name: Chiwa, Masaaki
name: Enoki, Tsutomu
name: Jeong, Seonghun
name: Otsuki, Kyoichi
name: Shimizu, Kuniyoshi
name: Kume, Atsushi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Although Chamaecyparis obtusa reduces soil pH and cation levels, limited information is available regarding their alterations after clear-cutting. We examined the soil pH and base cations on the upslopes and downslopes of individual trees and stumps of C. obtusa at two distances (0.5 m and 1.0 m) and three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–30 cm) in intact- and cut-tree plots. The soil pH was higher in the cut-tree plot than in the intact-tree plot, indicating the recovery of soil pH after clear-cutting. The recovery was more evident in the surface soils (0–5 cm) of downslope areas (0.5 m) than in other soil depths, which implies that the recovery of soil pH was caused by the lack of H+ supply from stumps after clear-cutting. The results of H+ (in H2O: water-soluble and KCl: exchangeable) suggested a lack of soluble H+ in the cut-tree plot. Soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels in the surface soil (0–5 cm) were 1.86-fold and 1.93-fold higher in the cut-tree plot than in the intact-tree plot, respectively, implying that the recovery of divalent cations after clear-cutting was caused by a reduction in cation loss through cation exchange with H+ derived from the stemflow. Collectively, soil pH and divalent cations were recovered after clear-cutting because the stemflow had ceased.
Tackling Bilingual Discrepancies in Statutory Interpretation: Rethinking the Judicial Approach in Hong Kong
Creators: name: Tam, Jacky
Publisher: name: International Language and Law Association (ILLA)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: bilingual legislation, statutory interpretation, equal authenticity principle, shared meaning rule, comparative study, Hong Kong and Canadian judicial approaches
subject: Law: Language and Law; Linguistics; Legal Interpretation; Hong Kong Law; Bilingualism

description: This article first examines the Hong Kong courts’ approach towards bilingual discrepancies via a study of the legislative framework and a case trilogy—Chan Fung Lan, Tam Yuk Ha, and Re Madam L—and argues that the “mere translation” reasoning in Hong Kong courts tends to undermine the principle of equal authenticity between the two official texts (i.e. English and Chinese). Second, the present article considers the Canadian approach, which ensures linguistic equality between English and French legislation by strictly disregarding the enactment history of legislation. Finally, upon balancing the constraints and sociopolitical challenges, the article advocates that the judicial approach in Hong Kong should be reshaped to align with the Canadian approach on the grounds of legal coherence and constructive interpretation. Cite as: Tam, JLL 9 (2020), 67–92, DOI: 10.14762/jll.2020.067
description: International Journal of Language & Law (JLL), Vol 9: Forensic Linguistics: New Procedures and Standards
Compressed sensing for longitudinal MRI: An adaptive-weighted approach
Creators: name: Weizman, Lior
name: Eldar, Yonina C.
name: Bashat, Dafna Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: Repeated brain MRI scans are performed in many clinical scenarios, such as follow up of patients with tumors and therapy response assessment. In this paper, the authors show an approach to utilize former scans of the patient for the acceleration of repeated MRI scans. Methods: The proposed approach utilizes the possible similarity of the repeated scans in longitudinal MRI studies. Since similarity is not guaranteed, sampling and reconstruction are adjusted during acquisition to match the actual similarity between the scans. The baseline MR scan is utilized both in the sampling stage, via adaptive sampling, and in the reconstruction stage, with weighted reconstruction. In adaptive sampling, k-space sampling locations are optimized during acquisition. Weighted reconstruction uses the locations of the nonzero coefficients in the sparse domains as a prior in the recovery process. The approach was tested on 2D and 3D MRI scans of patients with brain tumors. Results: The longitudinal adaptive CS MRI (LACS-MRI) scheme provides reconstruction quality which outperforms other CS-based approaches for rapid MRI. Examples are shown on patients with brain tumors and demonstrate improved spatial resolution. Compared with data sampled at Nyquist rate, LACS-MRI exhibits Signal-to-Error Ratio (SER) of 24.8dB with undersampling factor of 16.6 in 3D MRI. Conclusions: The authors have presented a novel method for image reconstruction utilizing similarity of scans in longitudinal MRI studies, where possible. The proposed approach can play a major part and significantly reduce scanning time in many applications that consist of disease follow-up and monitoring of longitudinal changes in brain MRI.
title: Text in Visualization: Extending the Visualization Design Space
Creators: name: Brath, R
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2018

description: This thesis is a systematic exploration and expansion of the design space of data visualization specifically with regards to text. A critical analysis of text in data visualizations reveals gaps in existing frameworks and the use of text in practice. A cross-disciplinary review across fields such as typography, cartography and technical applications yields typographic techniques to encode data into text and provides the scope for the expanded design space. Mapping new attributes, techniques and considerations back to well understood visualization principles organizes the design space of text in visualization. This design space includes: 1) text as a primary data type literally encoded into alphanumeric glyphs, 2) typographic attributes, such as bold and italic, capable of encoding additional data onto literal text, 3) scope of mark, ranging from individual glyphs, syllables and words; to sentences, paragraphs and documents, and 4) layout of these text elements applicable most known visualization techniques and text specific techniques such as tables. This is the primary contribution of this thesis (Part A and B).
Then, this design space is used to facilitate the design, implementation and evaluation of new types of visualization techniques, ranging from enhancements of existing techniques, such as, extending scatterplots and graphs with literal marks, stem & leaf plots with multivariate glyphs and broader scope, and microtext line charts; to new visualization techniques, such as, multivariate typographic thematic maps; text formatted to facilitate skimming; and proportionally encoding quantitative values in running text – all of which are new contributions to the field (Part C). Finally, a broad evaluation across the framework and the sample visualizations with cross-discipline expert critiques and a metrics based approach reveals some concerns and many opportunities pointing towards a breadth of future research work now possible with this new framework. (Part D and E).
title: IT for Peace? Fighting Against Terrorism in Social Media – An Explorative Twitter Study
Creators: name: Reuter, Christian
name: Pätsch, Katja
name: Runft, Elena
Publisher: name: De Gruyter
Year: 2023

description: The Internet and especially social media are not only used for supposedly good purposes. For example, the recruitment of new members and the dissemination of ideologies of terrorism also takes place in the media. However, the fight against terrorism also makes use of the same tools. The type of these countermeasures, as well as the methods, are covered in this work. In the first part, the state of the art is summarized. The second part presents an explorative empirical study of the fight against terrorism in social media, especially on Twitter. Different, preferably characteristic forms are structured within the scope with the example of Twitter. The aim of this work is to approach this highly relevant subject with the goal of peace, safety and safety from the perspective of information systems. Moreover, it should serve following researches in this field as basis and starting point.
Soil pH and divalent cations after clear-cutting on a Japanese cypress plantation
Creators: name: Farahnak, Moein
name: Mitsuyasu, Keiji
name: Ide, Jun’Ichiro
name: Chiwa, Masaaki
name: Enoki, Tsutomu
name: Jeong, Seonghun
name: Otsuki, Kyoichi
name: Shimizu, Kuniyoshi
name: Kume, Atsushi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Although Chamaecyparis obtusa reduces soil pH and cation levels, limited information is available regarding their alterations after clear-cutting. We examined the soil pH and base cations on the upslopes and downslopes of individual trees and stumps of C. obtusa at two distances (0.5 m and 1.0 m) and three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–30 cm) in intact- and cut-tree plots. The soil pH was higher in the cut-tree plot than in the intact-tree plot, indicating the recovery of soil pH after clear-cutting. The recovery was more evident in the surface soils (0–5 cm) of downslope areas (0.5 m) than in other soil depths, which implies that the recovery of soil pH was caused by the lack of H+ supply from stumps after clear-cutting. The results of H+ (in H2O: water-soluble and KCl: exchangeable) suggested a lack of soluble H+ in the cut-tree plot. Soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels in the surface soil (0–5 cm) were 1.86-fold and 1.93-fold higher in the cut-tree plot than in the intact-tree plot, respectively, implying that the recovery of divalent cations after clear-cutting was caused by a reduction in cation loss through cation exchange with H+ derived from the stemflow. Collectively, soil pH and divalent cations were recovered after clear-cutting because the stemflow had ceased.
Charge quantisation without magnetic poles: a topological approach to electromagnetism
Creators: name: Solha, Romero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78A25

description: The present work provides a theoretical explanation for the quantisation of electric charges, an open problem since Millikan's oil drop experiment in 1909. This explanation is based solely on Maxwell's theory, it recasts Electromagnetic theory under the language of complex line bundles; therefore, neither magnetic poles nor quantum mechanics are invoked. The existence of magnetic poles was essentially the only theoretical explanation for charge quantisation (e.g. Dirac's magnetic pole), and there is no experimental data supporting their existence.
description: 9 pages, 1 appendix. Signs and constants fixed
Oblivious transfer based on single-qubit rotations
Creators: name: Rodrigues, J.
name: Mateus, P.
name: Paunković, N.
name: Souto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a bit-string quantum oblivious transfer protocol based on single-qubit rotations. Our protocol is built upon a previously proposed quantum public-key protocol and its practical security relies on the laws of Quantum Mechanics. Practical security is reflected in the fact that, due to technological limitations, the receiver (Bob) of the transferred bit-string is restricted to performing only "few-qubit" coherent measurements. We also present a single-bit oblivious transfer based on the proposed bit-string protocol. The protocol can be implemented with current technology based on optics.
Amplicon sequencing reveals the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition in Cryptomeria japonica at one local site
Creators: name: Djotan, Akotchiffor Kevin Geoffroy
name: Matsushita, Norihisa
name: Fukuda, Kenji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the plant root endosphere and extend the host’s resource network. However, little is known about the method to characterize the intraradical AMF communities of a specific tree species in forests. Therefore, we aimed at testing a method for characterizing and comparing the extra- and intraradical AMF communities of Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae). In February 2020, we tracked and sampled roots from 5 target trees and the surrounding soil and confirmed their identity using plan DNA barcoding methods. After a microscopic analysis of mycorrhizal root colonization, we used Illumina amplicon sequencing to characterize the corresponding AMF communities. The C. japonica roots were colonized by AMF, displaying the Paris- and Arum-types of mycorrhizae. At 100% sequence identity, amplicon sequences of the small-subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene clustered into 155 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 33 and 139 in the intra- and extraradical AMF communities, respectively, corresponding to three families and five genera. Nevertheless, only Acaulospora, Glomus, and Rhizophagus were detected in the root samples. The AMF communities did not significantly differ between the root and the surrounding soil, but we observed a significant nestedness pattern in the community. To avoid erroneous conclusions, combining plant DNA barcoding with amplicon sequencing is a reliable approach, which we recommend for future studies to describe the intraradical AMF community of a specific tree species in forests.
Laurent phenomenon for Landau-Ginzburg models of complete intersections in Grassmannians of planes
Creators: name: Przyjalkowski, Victor
name: Shramov, Constantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a spirit of Givental's constructions Batyrev, Ciocan-Fontanine, Kim, and van Straten suggested Landau--Ginzburg models for smooth Fano complete intersections in Grassmannians and partial flag varieties as certain complete intersections in complex tori equipped with special functions called superpotentials. We provide a particular algorithm for constructing birational isomorphisms of these models for complete intersections in Grassmannians of planes with complex tori. In this case the superpotentials are given by Laurent polynomials. We study Givental's integrals for Landau--Ginzburg models suggested by Batyrev, Ciocan-Fontanine, Kim, and van Straten and show that they are periods for pencils of fibers of maps provided by Laurent polynomials we obtain. The algorithm we provide after minor modifications can be applied in a more general context.
description: 43 pages, 6 figures; short version, for full version with appendix by Thomas Prince see [v2]
title: Compression of weights of recurrent neural network for speech recognition acceleration in reconfigurable hardware (FPGA)

title: Συμπίεση βαρών αναδρομικού νευρωνικού δικτύου για την επιτάχυνση αναγνώρισης ωωνής σε αναδιατασσόμενη λογική (FPGA)
Creators: name: Πουπακης Αλεξανδρος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Over the last decades, advances in machine learning and neural networks have been unprecedented, with ever more sophisticated models trickling down the mainstream and forming the backbone of products and services we use every day. While cutting edge research in this field has expanded the realm of what is feasible, the learning superiority of deep neural networks is largely attributed to their size. Hardware acceleration of deep learning inference is necessary, for such models to be practically deployable. However, as model size increases rapidly, the available memory bandwidth on massively parallel computing platforms such as FPGAs is outpaced, constituting a bottleneck for scalability. This study addresses the problem of compressing deep neural network weights for inference acceleration on FPGAs. The DeepSpeech2 model for Speech Recognition is trained and used as a case study for weight pruning and quantization. The pièce de résistance of this thesis is the development of a novel compression method suitable for quantized weights, which is tested on the sparse matrices of DeepSpeech2. This method generates a tree of overlapping symbol sequences and uses it to encode the data with mathematically decodable, variable length codes. Importantly, our compression method inherently allows one to coarsely select the decompression throughput. Lastly, the decompressor's architecture is designed and a general model for its resource cost in UltraScale FPGAs is created. When compared against various LZ77-based decompressors in literature, our decompressor consumes more than an order of magnitude fewer logic resources, while being capable of the same or higher throughput.
The Evolution of Post-Starburst Galaxies from $z\sim1$ to the Present
Creators: name: Pattarakijwanich, Petchara
name: Strauss, Michael A.
name: Ho, Shirley
name: Ross, Nicholas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Post-starburst galaxies are in the transitional stage between blue, star-forming galaxies and red, quiescent galaxies, and therefore hold important clues for our understanding of galaxy evolution. In this paper, we systematically searched for and identified a large sample of post-starburst galaxies from the spectroscopic dataset of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 9. In total, we found more than 6000 objects with redshifts between $z\sim0.05$ and $z\sim1.3$, making this the largest sample of post-starburst galaxies in the literature. We calculated the luminosity function of the post-starburst galaxies using two uniformly selected subsamples: the SDSS Main Galaxy Sample and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey CMASS Sample. The luminosity functions are reasonably fit by half-Gaussian functions. The peak magnitudes shift as a function of redshift from $M\sim-23.5$ at $z\sim0.8$ to $M\sim-20.3$ at $z\sim0.1$. This is consistent with the downsizing trend, whereby more massive galaxies form earlier than low-mass galaxies. We compared the mass of the post-starburst stellar population found in our sample to the decline of the global star-formation rate and found that only a small amount ($\sim1\%$) of all star-formation quenching in the redshift range $z=0.2-0.7$ results in post-starburst galaxies in the luminosity range our sample is sensitive to. Therefore, luminous post-starburst galaxies are not the place where most of the decline in star-formation rate of the universe is happening.
description: 26 pages, 24 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
title: Local Cluster Experience Replay
Creators: name: Zahlner, Stefan
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotik
subject: Deep Learning
subject: Reinforcement Learning
subject: Learning from Demonstrations
subject: Robots
subject: Deep Learning
subject: Reinforcement Learning
subject: Learning from Demonstrations

description: Die Verbesserung der Stichprobeneffizienz von Reinforcement Learning (RL) Algorithmen spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für deren Anwendung in Situationen,in denen Daten knapp oder schwer zu erheben sind. In dieser Arbeit wird mit Local Cluster Experience Replay (LCER) ein Algorithmus vorgestellt, der dieses Problem durch synthetische Stichprobengenerierung schmälert. LCER bildet Cluster innerhalb des Replay-Buffers von Off-Policy RL Algorithmen. Er erzeugt neue und ungesehene Stichproben durch Interpolation zwischen Übergängen aus demselben Cluster, wodurch sichergestellt wird, dass die Interpolation nur zwischen Zustands-übergängen erfolgt, die im Zustands-Aktionsraum benachbart sind. Konzeptionell erstellt LCER lokal lineare Modelle zwischen verschiedenen Übergängen im Replay Buffer, die eine Interpolation zwischen verschiedenen Episoden ermöglichen und die Verallgemeinerbarkeit von Entscheidungsstrategien verbessern. Wir kombinieren unseren Ansatz mit modernen RL Algorithmen und evaluieren ihn in kontinuierlichen Fortbewegungs- und Robotersteuerungsumgebungen. LCER zeigt signifikante Verbesserungen in der Stichprobeneffizienz gegenüber RL Standardalgorithmen in beiden Umgebungsdomänen. Darüber hinaus ist LCER in der Lage, große und komplexe Umgebungen effektiv zu handhaben. Damit ist er ein vielversprechender Ansatz für die Verbesserung der Stichprobeneffizienz einer Vielzahl von RLAnwendungen.
description: Improving the sample efficiency of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms playsa crucial role for their application in situations where data is scarce or expensive to collect. This thesis presents Local Cluster Experience Replay (LCER), an algorithm that aims to mitigate this problem by synthetic sample generation. LCERforms clusters within the replay-buffer of off-policy RL algorithms. It creates new and unseen state transitions by interpolating between samples from the same cluster, ensuring that interpolation only occurs on transitions that are adjacent in the state-action space. Conceptually, LCER creates locally linear models between different samples in the replay-buffer, allowing interpolation between various episodes and enhancing policy generalizability. We combine our approach with state-of-the-artRL algorithms and evaluate on continuous locomotive and continuous robotic control environments. LCER demonstrates significant improvement in sample efficiencyover baseline RL algorithms in both environment domains. Additionally, LCER can effectively handle large and complex environments, making it a promising approach for improving the sample efficiency of a wide range of RL applications.
Revealing Differences Between Curricula Using the Colorado Upper-Division Electrostatics Diagnostic
Creators: name: Zwolak, Justyna P.
name: Manogue, Corinne A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Colorado Upper-Division Electrostatics (CUE) Diagnostic is an exam developed as part of the curriculum reform at the University of Colorado, Boulder (CU). It was designed to assess conceptual learning within upper-division electricity and magnetism (E&M). Using the CUE, we have been documenting students' understanding of E&M at Oregon State University (OSU) over a period of 5 years. Our analysis indicates that the CUE identifies concepts that are generally difficult for students, regardless of the curriculum. The overall pattern of OSU students' scores reproduces the pattern reported by Chasteen et al. at CU. There are, however, some important differences that we will address. In particular, our students struggle with the CUE problems involving separation of variables and boundary conditions. We will discuss the possible causes for this, as well as steps that may rectify the situation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Supplementary tables, figures and codes from Multi-epitope vaccine candidates based on Mycobacterial membrane protein large (MmpL) proteins against Mycobacterium ulcerans
Creators: name: Ishwarlall, Tamara Z.
name: Adeleke, Victoria T.
name: Maharaj, Leah
name: Okpeku, Moses
name: Adeniyi, Adebayo A.
name: Adeleke, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310114
subject: Systems biology
classificationCode: 310509
subject: Genomics
classificationCode: 320499
subject: Immunology not elsewhere classified

description: Final Supplementary Materials with code
A cohomological interpretation of derivations on graded algebras
Creators: name: Liao, Xia
name: Schulze, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13N15, 14N05 (Primary), 14C20 (Secondary)

description: We trace derivations through Demazure's correspondence between a finitely generated positively graded normal $k$-algebras $A$ and normal projective $k$-varieties $X$ equipped with an ample $\mathbb{Q}$-Cartier $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor $D$. We obtain a generalized Euler sequence involving a sheaf on $X$ whose space of global sections consists of all homogeneous $k$-linear derivations of $A$ and a sheaf of logarithmic derivations on $X$.
description: 19 pages
Variations of the Poincaré series for affine Weyl groups and q-analogues of Chebyshev polynomials
Creators: name: Marberg, Eric
name: White, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $(W,S)$ be a Coxeter system and write $P_W(q)$ for its Poincaré series. Lusztig has shown that the quotient $P_W(q^2)/P_W(q)$ is equal to a certain power series $L_{W}(q)$, defined by specializing one variable in the generating function recording the lengths and absolute lengths of the involutions in $W$. The simplest inductive method of proving this result for finite Coxeter groups suggests a natural bivariate generalization $L^J_W(s,q) \in \mathbb{Z}[[s,q]]$ depending on a subset $J\subset S$. This new power series specializes to $L_W(q)$ when $s=-1$ and is given explicitly by a sum of rational functions over the involutions which are minimal length representatives of the double cosets of the parabolic subgroup $W_J$ in $W$. When $ W$ is an affine Weyl group, we consider the renormalized power series $T_{ W}(s,q) = L^J_W(s,q) / L_W(q)$ with $J$ given by the generating set of the corresponding finite Weyl group. We show that when $W$ is an affine Weyl group of type $A$, the power series $T_W(s,q)$ is actually a polynomial in $s$ and $q$ with nonnegative coefficients, which turns out to be a $q$-analogue recently studied by Cigler of the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, arising in a completely different context.
description: 22 pages; v2: added references and minor revisions, v3: added discussion of big q-Jacobi polynomials, v4: introduction revised, exposition condensed, updated references, v5: minor corrections, final version
Structure evolution of fluorapophyllite-(K) under high pressure
Creators: name: Seryotkin, Yurii V.
name: Ignatov, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: The high pressure structural evolution of a natural fluorapophyllite-(K) K0.70(NH4)0.20 Ca3.97Na0.07[Al0.04Si7.96O20]F0.99·(H2O)8.05, Z = 2, a = 8.9757(2), c = 15.7920(2) Å, space group P4/mnc, from Nidym river, East Siberia, Russia, compressed in penetrating (ethanol:water 4:1 mixture) and non-penetrating (paraffin oil) media up to 4.7 GPa, was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell. The compressibility is identical in both media. At the initial stage the compression proceeds mainly within the plane (xy) and less along the z-axis; above 3 GPa the compression becomes almost isometric. Within the whole pressure range there are no signs of the symmetry lowering. The main pressure-induced effect on the tetrahedral layer consists in a cooperative rotation of the 4-fold rings, which provides the structure compression within the (xy) plane. The compression along the z-axis proceeds through the shortening of the interlayer distance, whereas the thickness of silicate layer remains almost unchanged.