cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From Patronage to Program: The Emergence of Party-Oriented Legislators in Brazil
Creators: name: Hagopian, Frances
name: Gervasoni, Carlos
name: Andres Moraes, Juan
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 This paper explains the unanticipated emergence of party-oriented legislators and rising party discipline in Brazil since the early 1990s. We contend that deputies in Brazil have become increasingly party-oriented because the utilities of party-programmatic and patronage-based electoral strategies shifted with market reforms, which created a programmatic cleavage in Brazilian politics and diminished the resource base for state patronage. Based on an original survey of the Brazilian Congress, we introduce new measures of partisan campaigns, party polarization, and the values legislators attach to party program and voter loyalty. Regression analysis confirms that deputies who believe voters value party program run partisan, programmatic campaigns, and those in polarized parties and those who believe voters are loyal to the party are willing to delegate authority to party leaders and do not switch parties. Party polarization and the proximity of deputies’ policy preferences to their party’s mean explain discipline on 236 roll-call votes in the 51st legislature (1999–2001).

 Resumen

 Este artículo explica el inesperado surgimiento de legisladores orientados hacia los partidos y la creciente disciplina partidaria en Brasil desde principios de los 90s. Sostenemos que los diputados en Brasil han devenido crecientemente orientados hacia los partidos porque las utilidades de las estrategias electorales partido-programáticas y basadas en el patronazgo cambiaron con las reformas de mercado, las que crearon un clivaje programático en la política brasileña y redujeron la base de recursos para el patronazgo estatal. Con base en una encuesta original del Congreso Brasileño, presentamos nuevas mediciones acerca de las campañas partidarias, la polarización de partidos y los valores que los legisladores asignan al programa partidario y a la lealtad de los votantes. El análisis de regresión confirma que los diputados que creen que los votantes valoran el programa del partido, desarrollan campañas partidarias y programáticas y que aquellos que se encuentran en partidos polarizados y quienes creen que los votantes son leales al partido, están dispuestos a delegar autoridad a los líderes de los partidos y no cambian de partido. La polarización de los partidos y la proximidad de las preferencias de política de los diputados respecto de la media de sus partidos explican la disciplina en 236 votaciones nominales en la 51º legislatura (1999–2001).
Brief an Max Goldner [= Geldner]
Creators: name: Hodler, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1910

description: von F[erdinand]. Hodler
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Deutsch
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF 05.03.2017
description: Umschrift des Briefes (1 Bl. Typoskript A4)
The Quality of Democracy in Small South American Countries: The Case of Paraguay
Creators: name: Abente Brun, Diego
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 This paper addresses the issue of the low quality of democracy in Paraguay. It defines the quality of democracy in terms of regime performance rather than regime nature, i.e. not in terms of how intense or weak its democratic characteristic are, but rather in terms of how legitimate, effective, and efficacious the regime is. The theoretical argument rests on the need to shift from the prevailing agencyparadigm to a structural paradigm. Thus, it focuses on the socio-economic matrix of an invertebrate society lacking vigorous collective actors as the cause of the persistence of widely clientelistic parties. In turn, it sees the hegemony of these parties as the cause of the prevalence of an extreme particularistic, pork-barrel, and volatile pattern of public policy which has produced since the beginning of the transition twenty years of stagnation, high levels of poverty and profound popular disenchantment. It ends with a brief examination of the emergence of Fernando Lugo as a chiliastic upsurge that could tatter the clientelistic structure and describes the current moment as kairotic.

 Resumen

 Este trabajo estudia el problema de la baja calidad de la democracia en Paraguay. Define calidad de la democracia en términos de performance y no de la naturaleza del régimen político, i.e. no en términos de que tan democrático es el régimen, sino en términos de su legitimidad, efectividad y eficacia. El argumento teórico se basa en la necesidad de reemplazar el predominante paradigma de agencia por un paradigma estructural. Se centra por tanto en la matriz socio-económica de una sociedad invertebrada carente de actores colectivos vigorosos como la causa de la persistencia de grandes partidos clientelistas. Considera, a su vez, que la hegemonía de estos partidos es la causa principal de la prevalencia de patrones de políticas públicas en extremo particularistas, pork-barrel, y volátiles que han producido, desde el comienzo de la transición, 20 años de estancamiento, elevados niveles de pobreza, y profundo desencanto popular. Examina final pero brevemente la emergencia de Fernando Lugo como una explosión chiliástica susceptible de derrumbar el sistema clientelista y describe la coyuntura actual como cairótica.
Johannes Hamberger (geb. 1821) an Arnold Escher von der Linth (1807-1872), mit der Beilage des Briefes von Edmond Davall - de Joffrey an Johannes Hamberger
Creators: name: Hamberger, Johannes
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1843

description: Brief aus Schloss Lenzburg.
Beilage: Brief von Edmond Davall - de Joffrey aus Vevey, gerichtet an Johannes Hamberger, datiert mit 15.03.1843
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Psectrotanypus
Creators: name: Cheng, Ming
name: Wang, Xinhua
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Psectrotanypus

description: Key to adult males of the genus Psectrotanypus
1. AR = 1.8 ........................................................................................................................ 2
­ AR = 1.8... ..................................................................................................................... 3
2. Tergites with lateral bands (Oriental) .................................................. P. lateralis sp. n.
­ Abdomen uniformly brown (Afrotropical) .................................. P. schwetzi (Freeman)
3. Abdomen uniformly brown (Nearctic) .................................. P. pictipennis (Zetterstedt)
­ Abdomen with dark bands............................................................................................. 4
4. AR> 2.1 (Palaearctic) ............................................................ P. yoshimurai (Tokunaga)
­ AR = 2.1 ........................................................................................................................ 5
5. Fore tibiae without apical setae (Nearctic) ................................. P. discolor (Coquillett)
­ Fore tibiae with apical setae .......................................................................................... 6
6. Tergites II–V with transverse, anterior brown band, without additional spots (Nearctic) ......................................................................................................... P. dyari (Coquillett)
­ Tergites I–V each with anterior brown band and 2 additional rounded median dark spots (Oriental, Palaearctic) ............................................................ P. varius (Fabricius)
description: Published as part of Cheng, Ming & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, Psectrotanypus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from China, pp. 49-56 in Zootaxa 1128 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171841
The Quality of Democracy in Latin America: Another View
Creators: name: Levine, Daniel
name: Molina, Jose
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Studies of democracy in Latin America have gone beyond attention to transitions and consolidation to a concern with developing reliable comparative assessments of the quality of democracy. This requires conceptualization of democracy in multi-dimensional terms; quality of democracy is a continuum that varies along a range of related dimensions: electoral decision, participation, responsiveness, accountability, and sovereignty. Working with these dimensions, an index of quality of democracy in Latin America is developed that provides for comparison between countries and for a richer analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the quality of democracy within each country. Appropriate data include expert assessments, aggregate statistics, and opinion surveys.

 Resumen

 Los estudios sobre la democracia en América Latina han ido más allá de la atención a las transiciones y la consolidación y han desarrollado una preocupación por el desarrollo de evaluaciones comparativas confiables sobre la calidad de la democracia. Esto requiere concebir a la democracia en términos multidimensionales. La calidad de la democracia es un continuo que varía dentro de un rango de dimensiones relacionadas: la decisión electoral, la participación, la respuesta a la voluntad popular, la responsabilidad y la soberanía. Trabajando con estas dimensiones, se desarrolla un índice de la calidad de la democracia en América Latina que permite la comparación entre países y un análisis más rico de las fortalezas y las debilidades de la democracia dentro de cada país. Los datos incluyen estimaciones de expertos, estadísticas agregadas y encuestas de opinión.
Terebellides Sars 1835
Creators: name: Zhang, Jinghuai
name: Hutchings, Pat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Trichobranchidae
Terebellides

description: Genus Terebellides Sars, 1835, emended by Schüller & Hutchings, 2013
Type-species. Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2018, Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) in the northern South China Sea, with description of three new species, pp. 387-411 in Zootaxa 4377 (3) on page 389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1164508
Brief an Georg Rollenhagen
Creators: name: Brahe, Tycho
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1600

description: von [Tycho Brahe]
description: Lateinisch
description: Druck Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera omnia / edidit I. L. E. Dreyer. - Hauniae : Gyldendal, 1913-1929. Tom. VIII, S. 293-295
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF 03.04.2016
title: Hier bin ich ICH - hier will ich sein
Creators: name: Mayer, Katharina
Year: 2011

description: Im Mittelpunkt dieser Diplomarbeit stehen die Migrationserfahrungen junger Frauen aus der Ukraine und Russland, die als Au-Pair ein Jahr in Österreich verbringen. Mithilfe von qualitativen Interviews wurden die Migrationsverläufe der jungen Frauen in gendergeographischer Perspektive analysiert. Als Au-Pairs bewegen sich die jungen Migrantinnen in einem transnationalen Raum, der sowohl Strukturen ihrer jeweiligen Herkunftsländer als auch europäischer Zielländer umfasst. Dabei erweisen sich die Au-Pairs als sehr flexible und zielstrebige junge Frauen, die mögliche Zukunftschancen, die sich ihnen in diesem transnationalen Raum bieten, abwägen, spontan auf Möglichkeiten reagieren und sie gegebenenfalls nützen. Zusammengefasst kann gesagt werden, dass die Migrationsprozesse junger Frauen, die als Au-Pairs in Österreich arbeiten, aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen, die jede einzelne Frau in dem neuen (transnationalen) Raumkontext macht, von Neukonstruktionsprozessen ihrer Identität begleitet werden . Aufgrund ihrer Tätigkeiten und der sozialen Beziehungen, die sie in einem transnationalen Raum praktizieren, produzieren sie differenzierte geschlechtliche und nationale Identitäten, die in unterschiedlichen räumlichen Kontexten verortet sind.
The Future of Christianity in Latin America
Creators: name: Levine, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 The public face of religion in Latin America has been transformed in the last half century, with important implications for the future. The Christianity of the future will be marked by vigorous competition and growing pluralism in an increasingly open and competitive civil society and political order. The origins of this diversity are located in changes within the region’s long dominant Catholicism, combined with the surge of new Protestant and in particular Pentecostal churches. Both of these trends make sense in the context of social and political transformations that have moved major countries of the region out of civil war and authoritarianism into civil and competitive politics which draw the churches into public space in new ways. The impact of violence on the churches is visible in their new openness to issues of rights and freedom of organization, but also in a withdrawal from direct political engagement and a diversification of political positions in all the churches.

 Resumen

 La cara pública de la religión en América Latina ha sido transformada en la última mitad de siglo, con importantes implicancias para el futuro. La cristiandad del futuro estará marcada por una competición vigorosa y un creciente pluralismo en una sociedad civil y un orden político cada vez más abiertos y competitivos. Los orígenes de esta diversidad se encuentran en los cambios dentro del Catolicismo largamente dominante de la región, combinado con el surgimiento de nuevas iglesias Protestantes, en particular, Pentecostales. Ambas tendencias adquieren sentido en el contexto de transformaciones sociales y políticas que han desplazado a países importantes de la región de la guerra civil y el autoritarismo hacia la política competitiva, lo que atrae a las iglesias hacia el espacio público en nuevas formas. El impacto de la violencia sobre las iglesias se ve en la nueva apertura hacia cuestiones de derechos y libertad de organización, pero también en un retiro del compromiso político directo y una diversificación de las posiciones políticas de todas las iglesias.
Development Ethics: A Road to Peace
Creators: name: Cortina, Adela
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Peace has to be sought through development, but not through just any form of development. From the practice of working for development an ethical reflection has gradually come about, which stresses the ethical aspects of development, without which there is no human development strictly speaking. The paper puts forward a model of development ethics which has two roots: the development ethics of Denis Goulet, who was a pioneer in this field, and the author’s conception of applied ethics, which stems from a Kantian tradition and an Aristotelian tradition. The paper attempts to reveal the ethical elements of development and their significance for human development.

 Resumen

 La paz tiene que ser buscada a través del desarrollo, pero no a través de cualquier forma de desarrollo. A partir de la práctica de trabajar para el desarrollo, ha surgido gradualmente una reflexión ética, que acentúa los aspectos éticos del desarrollo y sin la cual no hay desarrollo humano en sentido estricto. Este artículo avanza un modelo de ética del desarrollo que tiene dos raíces: la ética del desarrollo de Denis Goulet, que fue un pionero en este campo, y la concepción de ética aplicada de la autora, que deriva de una tradición kantiana y de una tradición aristotélica. El artículo trata de revelar los elementos éticos del desarrollo y su importancia para el desarrollo humano.
Exploring the rural-urban continuum. Methodological framework to define Functional Rural Areas and rural transitions
Creators: name: Mantino, Francesco
name: Forcina, Barbara
name: Morse, Aimee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This report responds to the needs set out in Task 1.1 of the RUSTIK project:− Critical review of rural change and rural area definitions− Identification of the concept of Functional Rural Area and the differences/similarities with the current definitions of rural areas at the European level (including EU and non-EU countries). This implies analysing the functional characteristics of rural areas, their importance in the different contexts and interlinkages between urban and rural areas based on these characteristics− Analysis of the different transition processes and their effects on rural areas− Definition of a general typology of rural diversityThe report is structured into two main sections.

The first deals with the critical review of the most significant literature on rural areas’ diversity, the related methods and criteria to define the concept of rurality. Different approaches are analysed, with their limitations and opportunities. Particular attention is given to the different interpretations of the functional area concept in exploring rural diversity. Finally, this section proposes a methodology to classify rural areas and test it in the fourteen RUSTIK Pilot Regions. Annex 1 presents a list of potential indicators and related sources of information to analyse the main rural functions quantitatively.

The second section explores the most relevant transition processes (socio-economic- demographic, environmental-climatic and digital). These transitions have different impacts on the diversity of rural areas and reflect their different response capacities, depending on, inter alia, the territorial and social capital in each territory. The section concludes by discussing the factors influencing the capacity of rural areas to respond to transitions and related policy issues, as well as the role of policies specifically linked to the three transitions (demographic, environmental and digital).
Digital Poverty: Concept and Measurement, with an Application to Peru
Creators: name: Barrantes Cáceres, Roxana
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 This paper discusses the notions of demand, poverty, information needs, and information and communication technologies (ICTs) to offer a concept of digital poverty, which may be useful to estimate the digital poverty level in Latin America and the Caribbean. The paper is composed of two sections. The first section contains a conceptual discussion of digital poverty, its types and possible levels, and the underlying economic foundations. ICTs are defined based on their use and the conditions for such use. Digital poverty is therefore defined as a lack of ICTs and might be a feature of any population segment, whether or not economically poor. The second section of this paper is an empirical attempt to validate the classification, using data from a household survey (ENAHO) carried out in Peru. The limitations in measuring digital poverty at the household level instead of at the individual level are acknowledged. Lastly, the conclusions reached, possible implications for public policy, and the avenues open for further research are presented.

 Resumen

 En este documento, discutimos las nociones de demanda, pobreza, necesidades de información y tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) para ofrecer el concepto de pobreza digital, que puede ser de utilidad para estimar niveles de pobreza digital en América Latina y el Caribe. El trabajo tiene dos secciones. La primera contiene la discusión conceptual sobre pobreza digital, sus tipos y posibles niveles y los fundamentos económicos subyacentes. Se define las TICs en cuanto al uso y condiciones para dicho uso. La pobreza digital es definida así como una carencia en TICs y puede ser característica de cualquier segmento de la población, sea o no pobre económico. En la segunda parte, el concepto y las clasificaciones resultantes son probados utilizando los datos de la encuesta de hogares (ENAHO) en el Perú, reconociendo los límites de una medición por hogar en lugar de por individuos, como propone el marco conceptual. Las conclusiones y las líneas de investigación que este trabajo inicia, cierran el texto.
Crony Capitalism and Democracy: Paradoxes of Electoral Competition in Russia's Regions
Creators: name: Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 The phenomenon of crony capitalism has been explored primarily with reference to its impact on economic growth. This study investigates the political implications of crony capitalism and, specifically, the interaction between political competition and crony capitalism. Based on a case study of political trajectories in two regions of the Russian Federation, I argue that under crony capitalism political competition can undermine the legitimacy of state authorities and such democratic institutions as the electoral mechanism. Played out in public during electoral campaigns, unrestricted political competition uncovers the predatory nature of crony elites engaged in struggle for power and wealth. Paradoxically, the electoral process itself gets discredited as an essential part of the overall institutional order in the process. Noncompetitive political systems avoid such negative tendencies, at least in the short run.

 Resumen

 El fenómeno del capitalismo de amigos (crony capitalism) ha sido explorado principalmente con referencia a su impacto sobre el desarrollo económico. Este estudio investiga las implicancias políticas del capitalismo de amigos y, específicamente, la interacción entre la competencia política y el capitalismo de amigos. Con base en un estudio de caso de las trayectorias políticas en dos regiones de la federación rusa, sostengo que bajo el capitalismo de amigos la competencia política puede minar la legitimidad de las autoridades estatales y de instituciones democráticas tales como el mecanismo electoral. La competencia política irrestricta, desplegada en público durante las campañas electorales, devela la naturaleza predatoria de las elites envueltas en una lucha por el poder y la riqueza. Paradójicamente, durante este proceso el mecanismo electoral mismo se desacredita como una parte esencial del orden institucional general. Los sistemas políticos no competitivos eluden estas tendencias negativas, al menos en el corto plazo.
Drei anatomische Aquarelle von Geköpften
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1615

description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire Minimalaufnahme nach Register 1998 Mai 2012
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF 01.03.2015
Terebellides Sars 1835
Creators: name: Zhang, Jinghuai
name: Hutchings, Pat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Trichobranchidae
Terebellides

description: Key to all described species of Terebellides from the Northwestern Pacific
1. Branchial lobes free of each other........................................................................ 2
- Branchial lobes at least partially fused along their length..................................................... 3
2. Acicular uncini present on TC6 and TC7, lower lip greatly expanded, branchial lobes equal in size................................................................................................ Terebellides intoshi Caullery, 1915
- Acicular uncini on TC6 only, lower lip not expanded, branchial lobes differ in size...................................
............................................................... Terebellides lineata Imajima & Williams, 1985 3. Acicular uncini present on TC5 and TC6............................................. Terebellides ectopium n. sp.
- Acicular uncini on TC6 only.............................................................................4
4. Branchia anteriorly prolonged (5th lobe)................................................................... 5
- Branchia not anteriorly prolonged......................................................................... 6
5. Notopodia of TC1 and TC2 well developed, lateral lappets until TC6.................... Terebellides kobei Hessle, 1917
- Notopodia of TC1 and TC2 markedly less developed than subsequent ones, lateral lappets until TC7..................................................................................................... Terebellides yangi n. sp.
6. Notopodia of TC1 and TC2 well developed......................... Terebellides horikoshii Imajima & Williams, 1985
- Notopodia of TC1 and TC2 markedly less developed than subsequent ones........................................ 7
7. Lateral lappets until TC4 only. Acicular uncini sharply bent with mucronate tips..................................................................................................... Terebellides brevis Imajima & Williams, 1985
- Lateral lappets until TC5 only. Acicular uncini sharply bent without mucronate tips................................. 8
8. Length ratio of thorax and abdomen>1.0, thoracic neuropodia with few (less than 25) uncini per torus, ±40 abdominal seg- ments................................................................... Terebellides guangdongensis n. sp.
- Length ratio of thorax and abdomen almost 0.5, thoracic neuropodia with 40 or more uncini per torus, 45-50 abdominal seg- ments.................................................................... Terebellides japonica Moore, 1903
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jinghuai & Hutchings, Pat, 2018, Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) in the northern South China Sea, with description of three new species, pp. 387-411 in Zootaxa 4377 (3) on pages 409-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1164508
Latin American Catholicism in an Age of Religious and Political Pluralism: A Framework for Analysis
Creators: name: Hagopian, Frances
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 This article identifies and proposes a framework to explain the responses of Latin America’s Roman Catholic churches to a new strategic dilemma posed by religious and political pluralism. Because the church’s goals of defending institutional interests, evangelizing, promoting public morality, and grounding public policy in Catholic social teaching cut across existing political cleavages, Church leaders must make strategic choices about which to emphasize in their messages to the faithful, investment of pastoral resources, and alliances. I develop a typology of Episcopal responses based on the cases of Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Mexico, and explain strategic choices by the church’s capacity to mobilize civil society, its degree of religious hegemony, and the ideological orientations of Catholics. The analysis draws from 620 Episcopal documents issued since 2000.

 Resumen

 Este artículo identifica y propone un marco para explicar las respuestas de las Iglesias Católicas latinoamericanas a un nuevo dilema estratégico que plantea el pluralismo religioso y político. Puesto que las metas eclesiásticas de defender los intereses institucionales, evangelizar, promover la moralidad pública y basar la política pública en las enseñanzas sociales católicas atraviesan los clivajes políticos existentes, los líderes de la Iglesia deben hacer elecciones estratégicas acerca de cuáles metas enfatizar en sus mensajes a los fieles, en sus inversiones de recursos pastorales y en sus alianzas. Desarrollo una tipología de respuestas episcopales basadas en los casos de Argentina, Chile, Brasil y México y explico las elecciones estratégicas de acuerdo con la capacidad de la Iglesia para movilizar a la sociedad civil, su grado de homogeneidad religiosa y las orientaciones ideológicas de los católicos. El análisis se basa en 620 documentos episcopales, emitidos desde 2000.
Eugen Woldemar Hilgard (1833-1916) an Arnold Escher von der Linth (1807-1872), Abschrift von Juli 1950
Creators: name: Hilgard, Eugen Woldemar
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1853

description: Abschrift des Briefes, Typoskript erstellt von B. Daeniker-Escher
Zusätzlich: prosopographische Angaben
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Authoritarian Regimes: Stability, Change, and Pathways to Democracy, 1972–2003
Creators: name: Hadenius, Axel
name: Teorell, Jan
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 In this paper, we present a new typology of authoritarian regime types, covering 191 countries in the world from 1972–2003. To assess the usefulness of our typology, we explore the extent to which it helps explain the survival (and breakdown) of nondemocratic regimes. We also investigate the impact of different types of authoritarian regimes on democratic development. Our results demonstrate that different types of authoritarian regimes face different propensities to survive and to develop towards democracy. Hence an institutional attributethe nature of the authoritarian regime in questiondeserves to be added to the list of democracy’s essential preconditions. In particular, one regime type—the limited multiparty system—stands out as the prime stepping-stone to democracy. The fact that this regime type has become the most common form of authoritarianism can be seen as a promising sign for the future.

 Resumen

 En este artículo presentamos una nueva tipología de regímenes autoritarios que cubre 191 países entre 1972 y 2003. Para evaluar la utilidad de nuestra tipología, exploramos en qué medida ayuda a explicar la supervivencia (y la caída) de los regímenes no democráticos. También investigamos el impacto de diferentes tipos de régimen autoritario sobre el desarrollo democrático. Nuestros resultados demuestran que diferentes tipos de régimen autoritario tienen distinta inclinación a sobrevivir o a desarrollarse en un sentido democrático. De este modo, un atributo institucional, “la naturaleza del régimen autoritario en cuestión,” merece agregarse a la lista de las precondiciones esenciales de la democracia. En particular, un tipo de régimen, “el sistema multi-partidario limitado,” se destaca como el más firme primer paso hacia la democracia. El hecho de que este tipo de régimen haya devenido la forma más común de autoritarismo puede ser visto como un signo promisorio para el futuro.
Brief an [Daniel Cramer]
Creators: name: Brahe, Tycho
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1600

description: von [Tycho Brahe]
description: Lateinisch
description: Druck Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera omnia / edidit I. L. E. Dreyer. - Hauniae : Gyldendal, 1913-1929. Tom. VIII, S. 291-292
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF 03.04.2016
Atrocrates Koch 1956
Creators: name: Kamiński, Marcin Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Atrocrates

description: Genus Atrocrates Koch, 1956
Atrocrates Koch, 1956: 82.
Type species. Trigonopus platyderus Mulsant and Rey, 1853 (by original designation).
Revised diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other representatives of the trigonopoid Platynotina by the following character combination: antennomeres from 7th to 11th transverse; medial lobe of mentum hexagonal, narrowing towards apex, with median keel (Fig. 4 C); punctation of pronotal disc invisible or fine (Fig. 4 B); pronotal base straight or slightly sinusoidal, anterior and basal borders of pronotum complete, lateral border of pronotum widened basally and relatively broad (Fig. 4 B); elytral base straight or slightly sinusoidal (Fig. 4 F); and protibiae widened towards apex (Fig. 4 E).
Notes. The most recent identification key to the species of Atrocrates was published by Iwan (1998c), and includes most of the previously named species, except: A. bellamyi Iwan, 1999, A. coconatae Kamiński, 2011, A. gansbaaiensis Iwan and Ferrer, 2000, A. galbasi Iwan 2016; A. matthewsi Iwan, 2016; A. medvedevi Iwan and Ferrer, 2000, A. nudus Iwan and Ferrer, 2000, A. robertsoniensis Iwan, 1999. The same author recently proposed a subdivision of this genus into species groups (Iwan 2016).
Species included (34). A. bisinuatus Koch, 1956; A. bellamyi Iwan, 1999; A. bredasdorpensis Iwan, 1998; A. capensis Iwan, 1998; A. coconatae Kamiński, 2011; A. dentatus Iwan, 1998; A. endrodyi Iwan, 1998; A. evestigator Iwan, 1998; A. formosus Iwan, 1998; A. galbasi Iwan, 2016; A. gansbaaiensis Iwan and Ferrer, 2000; A. garbarczyki Iwan, 1998; A. kandai sp. nov.; A. largus Iwan, 1998; A. latemarginatus Mulsant & Rey, 1853; A. libidinosus Iwan, 1998; A. matthewsi Iwan, 2016; A. medvedevi Iwan and Ferrer, 2000; A. metasimius Iwan, 1998; A. montiscedri Koch, 1956; A. nudus Iwan and Ferrer, 2000; A. occultator Iwan, 1998; A. ordinarius Iwan, 1998; A. oweni Iwan, 1998; A. peringueyi Koch, 1956; A. platyderus Mulsant & Rey, 1853; A. pliskoae Iwan, 1998; A. podagricus Koch, 1956; A. robertsonensis; A. robustus Iwan, 1998; A. simius Mulsant & Rey, 1853; A. sinuosus Iwan, 1998; A. smithi sp. nov.; A. splendidus Iwan, 1998; A. striatus (Quensel, 1806).
description: Published as part of Kamiński, Marcin Jan, 2017, Three new species of trigonopoid Platynotina (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini) from the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve, South Africa, pp. 183-193 in Zootaxa 4236 (1) on page 185, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/321976
Eugen Woldemar Hilgard (1833-1916) an Arnold Escher von der Linth (1807-1872), Abschrift von Juli 1950
Creators: name: Hilgard, Eugen Woldemar
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1858

description: Abschrift des Briefes, Typoskript erstellt von B. Daeniker-Escher
Zusätzlich: prosopographische Angaben und Begriffserklärungen
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Loughborough University Open Research Policy (Data and Methods)
Creators: name: data admin, Loughborough
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2024

description: This policy sets out Loughborough University’s intention to enact the University’s Open Research Position Statement. It details the understanding of Open Research at Loughborough University and sets out the responsibilities of the institution and its researchers.Approved Research Committee, 23 April 2024.This policy replaces the Research Data Management Policy, approved 1 September 2016.
Growth and Transformation of the Workers’ Party in Brazil, 1989–2002
Creators: name: Hunter, Wendy
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 The Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) in Brazil, a once radical and programmatic party whose impressive rise in Brazil’s patronage-oriented political system appeared to defy institutionalist logic, has come to look more like its catchall competitors. Rather than continuing to build upon its earlier promise to shape the party system in a more programmatic direction and induce higher standards of conduct among the country’s politicians, the PT—once called an “anomaly” and the most likely case for continued difference—has itself become more like a typical Brazilian party. This evolution resulted from the increasing emphasis that party leaders placed on immediate vote–maximization and the corresponding moves to bring the party closer to the political center. While this shift expanded the party’s electoral base, the pull to power rendered the PT more vulnerable to institutional incentives and effectively compromised its political integrity. Thus, rather than transforming the system, the PT became yet another of its victims.

 Resumen

 El Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) de Brasil, que fuera un partido radical y programático cuyo notable ascenso en un sistema político orientado hacia el patronazgo parecía desafiar la lógica institucionalista, ha comenzado a parecerse a sus competidores atrapa-todo. En lugar de continuar construyendo sobre sus promesas iniciales de orientar el sistema de partidos en una dirección más programática e inducir pautas de conducta más exigentes entre los políticos del país, el PT (alguna vez calificado como “anomalía” y del que se esperaba que siguiera siendo diferente) ha devenido más parecido a un típico partido brasileño. Esta evolución resultó del acento creciente que los líderes partidarios colocan en la maximización inmediata de votos y del correspondiente desplazamiento del partido hacia el centro del espectro político. Aunque este cambio amplió la base electoral del partido, el arrastre hacia el poder volvió al PT más vulnerable a los incentivos institucionales y puso en riesgo efectivamente su integridad política. Así, en lugar de transformar el sistema, el PT se convirtió en otra más de sus víctimas.
Brief an Cosmus Concinius
Creators: name: Brahe, Tycho
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1600

description: von [Tycho Brahe]
description: Lateinisch
description: Druck Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera omnia / edidit I. L. E. Dreyer. - Hauniae : Gyldendal, 1913-1929. Tom. VIII, S. 301
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF 03.04.2016
Gustav Julius Siegmund Jenzsch (1830-1877) an Arnold Escher von der Linth (1807-1872)
Creators: name: Jenzsch, Gustav Julius Siegmund
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1855

description: Brief aus Berlin.
Bewerbung für die Professur für Mineralogie am neu gegründeten Polytechnikum in Zürich.
Das erwähnte Curriculum vitae vom 11.2.1855 ist signiert mit Hs 4:713
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Schelodontes Koch 1956
Creators: name: Kamiński, Marcin Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Schelodontes

description: Genus Schelodontes Koch, 1956
Schelodontes Koch, 1956: 81.
= Lawrenceus Iwan, 1998b: 307. Type species: Lawrenceus capensis Iwan, 1998. = Warchalowskiellus Iwan, 1998a: 60. Type species: Trigonopus longulus Mulsant and Rey, 1853. = Platycharlesus Iwan, 1998b: 307. Type species: Trigonopus morosus Mulsant and Rey, 1853.
Type species. Trigonopus immundus Mulsant & Rey, 1853; by original designation.
Diagnostic characters. This genus can be distinguished from other representatives of the trigonopoid Platynotina by the following character combination: antennomeres from 7th to 11th transverse; medial lobe of mentum hexagonal, narrowing towards apex, with median keel; pronotal base “v”-like, anterior border of pronotum complete, basal border absent (except S. capensis, S. longulus, S. omeri) (Fig. 4 G); elytral base “v”-like (Fig. 4 H); and protibiae widened towards apex.
Notes. The most recent identification key to the species of Schelodontes was published by Iwan & Kamiński (2014) and includes all of the previously known species.
Species included (30). S. apicalis Koch, 1956; S. baviaanskloofensis sp. nov.; S. capensis (Iwan, 1998); S. chevrolati (Mulsant & Rey, 1853); S. dentatus (Iwan, 1998); S. dormitorius Iwan, 1998; S. gemmeulus Koch, 1956; S. grandis Koch, 1956; S. immundus (Mulsant & Rey, 1853); S. invenustus (Iwan, 1998); S. jani Iwan, 2008; S. longulus (Mulsant & Rey, 1853); S. mannerheimi (Mulsant & Rey, 1853); S. marseuli Iwan, 1998; S. medvedevi Iwan, 2006; S. morosus (Mulsant & Rey, 1853); S. muellerae Iwan & Kamiński, 2014; S. mulsanti Koch, 1956; S. nigerrimus (Mulsant & Rey, 1853); S. nitidus Iwan & Kamiński, 2014; S. oblitus Koch, 1956; S. omeri Koch, 1956; S. parvus Iwan, 1998, S. rotundicollis Koch, 1956; S. scarabaeoides Iwan & Kamiński, 2014; S. simplimanus Koch, 1956; S. spinosis Iwan & Kamiński, 2014; S. terrenus Koch, 1956; S. tichyi Iwan, 2008; S. verreauxi (Mulsant & Rey, 1853).
description: Published as part of Kamiński, Marcin Jan, 2017, Three new species of trigonopoid Platynotina (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini) from the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve, South Africa, pp. 183-193 in Zootaxa 4236 (1) on page 189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/321976
Tire Particle Emissions: Demand On Reliable Characterization
Creators: name: Dalmau, Eugenia
name: Augsburg, Klaus
name: Wenzel, Felix
name: Ivanov, Valentin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: tire
particle emissions
test

description: Tire emissions are recently becoming an important topic in environmental science and among visionary automotive engineers. Deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in tire wear and emissions and their reliable physical/chemical characterization should be assumed as an urgent task nowadays. With the aim to contribute to a trustworthy characterization of tire wear and emissions, this paper presents both (i) analysis of state-of-the-art in this field and (ii) a first experimental approach to the collection of particles from a rotating tire in a new developed test box.
Los Sistemas de Partidos en los Países Andinos, 1980–2005: Reformismo Institucional, Autoritarismos Competitivos y los Desafíos Actuales
Creators: name: Tanaka Gondo, Ricardo Martín
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Here I study the party systems in the Andean countries in the last twenty-five years. Facing the challenges of the exhaustion of the statist national-popular development model, these countries followed a path of intense institutional reform, opening and democratizing the political systems. In the middle of these attempts, the party system collapsed in Peru and Venezuela, while in Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador, the party systems manage to evolve despite significant crisis. The difference between the two paths is a significant one: the collapse of the party systems led to the establishment of competitive authoritarian regimes, while the gradual opening of the political system allowed the emergence of new forces and the presence of sectors previously excluded or subordinated under pluralistic schemes. In recent years, the exhaustion of market reforms and an adverse international environment places the region again in a new critical juncture, where the main options seem to be to continue through a path of more reforms and opening of the political system, which may lead to governability crisis, or attempt to organize and institutionalize the disordered opening produced in recent years.

 Resumen

 En este trabajo estudio los sistemas de partidos de los países andinos en los últimos veinticinco años. Enfrentando los desafíos resultantes del agotamiento del modelo de desarrollo nacional-popular estatista, estos países siguieron un camino de intensas reformas institucionales y de apertura y democratización de los sistemas políticos. En medio de estos intentos, el sistema de partidos colapsó en Perú y en Venezuela, mientras que los sistemas de partidos de Bolivia, Colombia y Ecuador consiguieron evolucionar a pesar de sufrir importantes crisis. La diferencia entre estas dos trayectorias es significativa: el colapso de los sistemas de partidos llevó al establecimiento de regímenes autoritarios competitivos, mientras que la apertura gradual del sistema político permitió la emergencia de nuevas fuerzas y la presencia de sectores previamente excluidos o subordinados bajo esquemas pluralistas. En años recientes, el agotamiento de las reformas de mercado y un contexto internacional adverso colocan a la región en una nueva coyuntura crítica en la que las principales opciones parecen ser continuar en un camino de más reformas y apertura del sistema político, lo que puede derivar en crisis de gobernabilidad, o intentar organizar e institucionalizar la apertura desordenada producida en años recientes.
title: "... ja, wie schreib ich das jetzt?"
Creators: name: Wadl, Martina
Year: 2011

description: Für diese Arbeit wurde ein Modell der Kollegialen Beratung zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben für internationale Studierende ausgearbeitet. Die empirische Studie (Korpusanalyse zweiter Beratungssitzungen) beschäftigt sich mit den spezifischen Schreibproblemen dieser Zielgruppe und untersucht die Interaktion der teilnehmenden Studierenden in Hinblick auf Beratungselemente.
[Rosette]
Creators: name: Glasmaleratelier Röttinger
name: Kgl. Bayerische Hofglasmalerei F. X. Zettler
Publisher: name: [Hofglasmalerei Zettler]
Year: 1887
Subjects: Fensterrose

description: Darstellung einer Rosette mit Sternmotiv
description: Entwurf aus der Glasmalerwerkstatt Röttinger in Zusammenarbeit mit der Hofglasmalerei F.X. Zettler München
description: Beschriftung: "F.X.Zettler"; Nr. "No10647."
description: Aus dem Nachlass der Familie Röttinger Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv
External Pressures and International Norms in Latin American Pension Reform
Creators: name: Weyland, Kurt
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 What accounts for the striking of wave of pension privatization that swept across Latin America during the 1990s? Many authors argue that the international financial institutions (IFIs) successfully promoted this drastic change, forcing or persuading weak developing countries to enact their uniform blueprints. But the present analysis, based on field research in Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Peru, shows that these claims are not convincing. The IFIs cannot impose external models of social sector reform on Latin American countries; to a greater or lesser extent, all five countries under investigation—even weak, aid-dependent Bolivia— diverged from IFI recommendations. The diffusion of Chilean-style pension privatization did not result from the spread of new norms and values either; in fact, the IFIs promoted structural social security reform with instrumental, not normative arguments. Instead of vertical imposition, horizontal contagion among developing countries of equal status—especially direct learning from Chilean pension specialists—accounts for the diffusion of social security privatization. Even in the age of globalization, national sovereignty is quite alive and surprisingly well.

 Resumen

 ¿Qué da cuenta de la impactante ola de privatización de los sistemas de pensión que se extendió por América Latina durante los 90s? Muchos autores sostienen que las instituciones financieras internacionales (IFI) promovieron exitosamente este cambio drástico, forzando o persuadiendo a débiles países en desarrollo para llevar a la práctica sus diseños uniformes. Pero el presente análisis, basado en trabajo de campo en Bolivia, Brasil, Costa Rica, El Salvador y Perú, muestra que estos argumentos no son convincentes. Las IFIs no pueden imponer modelos externos de reforma del sector social sobre los países latinoamericanos. En mayor o menor medida, todos los países analizados –aún la débil y dependiente de la ayuda externa Bolivia—se apartaron de las recomendaciones de las IFIs. La difusión de la privatización del sistema de pensiones al estilo Chileno tampoco resultó de la difusión de nuevas normas y valores; de hecho, las IFIs promovieron la reforma estructural de los sistemas de pensión con argumentos instrumentales, no con argumentos normativos. Lo que da cuenta de la difusión de la privatización de los sistemas de pensión no es la imposición vertical sino el contagio horizontal entre países en desarrollo de igual status –especialmente el aprendizaje directo de expertos en pensiones chilenos.—Aún en la era de la globalización, la soberanía nacional está viva y sorprendentemente sana.
Pachyseius
Creators: name: Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin
name: Halliday, Bruce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Pachylaelapidae
Pachyseius

description: Key to males of the world species of Pachyseius
1. Peritrematal shield fused exopodal shields; holoventral shield present; spermatodactyl long and pointed tip............................................................................................... P. quadrigeminus sp. nov.
- Peritrematal shields free, not fused with exopodal shields; sternogenital and ventri-anal shields present; spermatodactyl short and with truncate tip................................................................................... 2
2. Almost all dorsal shield setae slightly spatulate; anterior section of ventri-anal shield well expanded, much longer than posterior section of sternogenital shield...................................................... P. iraola Moraza, 1993
- Almost all dorsal shield setae needle like; anterior part of ventri-anal shield equal length to posterior section of sternogenital shield....................................................................... P. anisimovi Marchenko, 2015
description: Published as part of Özbek, Hasan Hüseyin & Halliday, Bruce, 2015, Two new species of Pachyseius Berlese (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from Turkey, with a key to the world species, pp. 98-108 in Zootaxa 3957 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/236432