cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The impact of two drying methods on the quality of high-moisture rice
Creators: name: Yuan, Panqiang
name: Yang, Cao
name: Yang, Sicheng
name: Zhao, Hulyi
name: Fei, Mingyi
name: Zhang, Hongqing
name: Tian, Lin
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Wang, Yong
name: Zheng, Dan
Publisher: name: Julius-Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: In this experiment, freshly harvested rice was dried by natural and mechanical methods. For natural drying, paddy rice was spread on a cement floor under a shelter at a thickness of 4cm, and it was turned twice a day. At a temperature of 19.3°C and a relative humidity of 58.8%, a total of 28 days was needed to reduce the water content from 23.11 to 14.38%. For mechanical drying, the Guwang 5HXG-15B circulating dryer was used, drying temperature was set to 42°C, and it took a total of 5 hours to reduce the water content from 23.1 to 11.8%. The changes in spore count, fatty acid value, germination rate, waist burst rate, whole polished rice rate, and taste value of rice mold after drying were studied. The results showed that compared with mechanical drying, the drying rate of air-dried rice was slower, and the number of mold spores increased from 0.65×105/g to 3.05×105/g, a 3.7 times increase. The number of mold spores in dried rice was not significant. Dried rice fatty acid value of 25.1mg/100g for natural drying was higher than the value of 19.9mg/100g for mechanical drying. High temperature affected rice seed vigor: mechanically dried rice germination rate was 58.0%, far lower than the 87.5% for natural drying. The blasting rate, polished rice rate, and taste value of mechanically dried rice were 5.33%, 57.9%, and 83.7, respectively, which was 2.33%, 58.9%, and 89.3 for naturally-dried rice. The processing quality and taste quality were even worse. Therefore, the drying process of the optimized circulation dryer should be further adjusted to reduce its impact on rice processing quality and taste quality.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Vol.1 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018
Violation of Bell's inequality for phase singular beams
Creators: name: Prabhakar, Shashi
name: Reddy, Salla Gangi
name: Aadhi, A.
name: Perumangatt., Chithrabhanu
name: Samanta, G. K.
name: Singh, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have considered optical beams with phase singularity and experimentally verified that these beams, although being classical, have properties of two mode entanglement in quantum states. We have observed the violation of Bell's inequality for continuous variables using the Wigner distribution function (WDF) proposed by Chowdhury et al. [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{88}, 013830 (2013)]. Our experiment establishes a new form of Bell's inequality in terms of the WDF which can be used for classical as well as quantum systems.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures and 1 table
Spatio-Temporal Graph Representation Learning for Fraudster Group Detection
Creators: name: Shehnepoor, Saeedreza
name: Togneri, Roberto
name: Liu, Wei
name: Bennamoun, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by potential financial gain, companies may hire fraudster groups to write fake reviews to either demote competitors or promote their own businesses. Such groups are considerably more successful in misleading customers, as people are more likely to be influenced by the opinion of a large group. To detect such groups, a common model is to represent fraudster groups' static networks, consequently overlooking the longitudinal behavior of a reviewer thus the dynamics of co-review relations among reviewers in a group. Hence, these approaches are incapable of excluding outlier reviewers, which are fraudsters intentionally camouflaging themselves in a group and genuine reviewers happen to co-review in fraudster groups. To address this issue, in this work, we propose to first capitalize on the effectiveness of the HIN-RNN in both reviewers' representation learning while capturing the collaboration between reviewers, we first utilize the HIN-RNN to model the co-review relations of reviewers in a group in a fixed time window of 28 days. We refer to this as spatial relation learning representation to signify the generalisability of this work to other networked scenarios. Then we use an RNN on the spatial relations to predict the spatio-temporal relations of reviewers in the group. In the third step, a Graph Convolution Network (GCN) refines the reviewers' vector representations using these predicted relations. These refined representations are then used to remove outlier reviewers. The average of the remaining reviewers' representation is then fed to a simple fully connected layer to predict if the group is a fraudster group or not. Exhaustive experiments of the proposed approach showed a 5% (4%), 12% (5%), 12% (5%) improvement over three of the most recent approaches on precision, recall, and F1-value over the Yelp (Amazon) dataset, respectively.
Strong coupling s-wave superconductors in the extreme Pauli limit: I.The breached pair and metastable FFLO phases
Creators: name: Karmakar, Madhuparna
name: Majumdar, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study s-wave superconductivity in the attractive Hubbard model in an applied magnetic field and assume the extreme Pauli limit where the orbital critical field is much greater than the Zeeman critical field. We work at a coupling corresponding roughly to the peak $T_c$ in the BCS to BEC crossover window and retain the crucial amplitude and phase fluctuations. At low field, as expected, the superconductor undergoes a second order thermal transition to the normal state, and is only weakly magnetized near $T_c$. At intermediate fields the thermal transition is still second order, but the magnetization is significantly larger, characteristic of a `breached pair' state. At strong field, the thermal transition is first order and our Monte Carlo reveals the presence of a metastable Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. At even higher fields we observe the true FFLO ground state. We present the full `field-temperature' phase diagram of this strong coupling problem, revealing $T_c$ scales an order of magnitude below the mean field estimate, compute the superconducting and magnetic order parameters, and map out the directly measurable magnetic structure factor. We compare these trends to results on the Pauli limited heavy fermion CeCoIn$_5$, and the cold atomic Fermi gas at unitarity. This paper focuses primarily on the homogeneous superconducting state, another deals with thermal effects in the FFLO regime.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. This paper has been withdrawn due to extensive updating of the text, and is superseded by arXiv: 1508.00393
Protein synthesis driven by dynamical stochastic transcription
Creators: name: Innocentini, Guilherme C. P.
name: Forger, Michael
name: Radulescu, Ovidiu
name: Antoneli, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 92C42

description: In this manuscript we propose a mathematical framework to couple transcription and translation in which mRNA production is described by a set of master equations while the dynamics of protein density is governed by a random differential equation. The coupling between the two processes is given by a stochastic perturbation whose statistics satisfies the master equations. In this approach, from the knowledge of the analytical time dependent distribution of mRNA number, we are able to calculate the dynamics of the probability density of the protein population.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Thermodynamics of noninteracting bosonic gases in cubic optical lattices versus ideal homogeneous Bose gases
Creators: name: Rakhimov, Abdulla
name: Askerzade, Iman N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied thermodynamic properties of noninteracting gases in periodic lattice potential at arbitrary integer fillings and compared them with that of ideal homogeneous gases. Deriving explicit expressions for thermodynamic quantities and performing exact numerical calculations we have found that the dependence of e.g. entropy and energy on the temperature in the normal phase is rather weak. In the Bose condensed phase their power dependence on the reduced temperature is nearly linear, which is in contrast to that of ideal homogeneous gases. We evaluated the discontinuity in the slope of the specific heat which turned out to be approximately the same as that of the ideal homogeneous Bose gas for filling factor $ν=1$. With increasing $ν$ it decreases as the inverse of $ν$. These results may serve as a checkpoint for various experiments on optical lattices as well as theoretical studies of weakly interacting Bose systems in periodic potentials being a starting point for perturbative calculations.
description: The text and figures have been updated
Constructing Involutive Tableaux with Guillemin Normal Form
Creators: name: Smith, Abraham D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58A15, 58H10

description: Involutivity is the algebraic property that guarantees solutions to an analytic and torsion-free exterior differential system or partial differential equation via the Cartan-Kähler theorem. Guillemin normal form establishes that the prolonged symbol of an involutive system admits a commutativity property on certain subspaces of the prolonged tableau. This article examines Guillemin normal form in detail, aiming at a more systematic approach to classifying involutive systems. The main result is an explicit quadratic condition for involutivity of the type suggested but not completed in Chapter IV, §5 of the book Exterior Differential Systems by Bryant, Chern, Gardner, Goldschmidt, and Griffiths. This condition enhances Guillemin normal form and characterizes involutive tableaux.
description: This article co-evolved with "Degeneracy of the Characteristic Variety," arXiv:1410.6947 and most notation is shared. However, be aware that the meaning of the indices i,j,k,l and the space Y is not the same between these articles
Quantization of rotating linear dilaton black holes
Creators: name: Sakalli, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we focus on the quantization of $4-$dimensional rotating linear dilaton black hole (RLDBH) spacetime describing an action, which emerges in the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion (EMDA) theory. RLDBH spacetime has a non-asymptotically flat (NAF) geometry. When the rotation parameter " $a$" vanishes, the spacetime reduces to its static form, the so-called linear dilaton black hole (LDBH) metric. Under scalar perturbations, we show that the radial equation reduces to a hypergeometric differential equation. Using the boundary conditions of the quasinormal modes (QNMs), we compute the associated complex frequencies of the QNMs. In a particular case, QNMs are applied in the rotational adiabatic invariant quantity, and we obtain the quantum entropy/area spectra of the RLDBH. Both spectra are found to be discrete and equidistant, and independent of $a-$parameter despite the modulation of QNMs by this parameter.
On-demand storage of photonic qubits at telecom wavelengths
Creators: name: Liu, Duan-Cheng
name: Li, Pei-Yun
name: Zhu, Tian-Xiang
name: Zheng, Liang
name: Huang, Jian-Yin
name: Zhou, Zong-Quan
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum memories at telecom wavelengths are crucial for the construction of large-scale quantum networks based on existing fiber networks. On-demand storage of telecom photonic qubits is a fundamental request for such networking applications but yet to be demonstrated. Here we demonstrate the storage and on-demand retrieval of telecom photonic qubits using a laser-written waveguide fabricated in an $^{167}$Er$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal. Both ends of the waveguide memory are directly connected with fiber arrays with a fiber-to-fiber efficiency of 51%. Storage fidelity of 98.3(1)% can be obtained for time-bin qubits encoded with single-photon-level coherent pulses, which is far beyond the maximal fidelity that can be achieved with a classical measure and prepare strategy. This device features high reliability, easy scalability and can be directly integrated into fiber networks, which could play an essential role in fiber-based quantum networks.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
New analysis concerning the strange quark polarization puzzle
Creators: name: Leader, Elliot
name: Sidorov, Alexander V.
name: Stamenov, Dimiter B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fact that analyses of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering suggest that the polarized strange quark density $Δs(x) + Δ\bar{s}(x)$ is positive in the measured region of Bjorken x, whereas all analyses of inclusive deep inelastic scattering yield significantly negative values of this quantity, is known as the "strange quark polarization puzzle". We have analyzed the world data on inclusive deep inelastic scattering, including the COMPASS 2010 proton data on the spin asymmetries, and for the first time, the new extremely precise JLab CLAS data on the proton and deuteron spin structure functions. Despite allowing in our parametrization, for a possible sign change, our results confirm that the inclusive data yield significantly negative values for the polarized strange quark density.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables; misprints for the values of $\chi^2/DOF$ in page 5 corrected
Knudsen number dependence of 2D single-mode Rayleigh-Taylor fluid instabilities
Creators: name: Sagert, Irina
name: Howell, Jim
name: Staber, Alec
name: Strother, Terrance
name: Colbry, Dirk
name: Bauer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of single-mode Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities (smRTI) with a modified Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (mDSMC) code in two dimensions. The mDSMC code is aimed to capture the dynamics of matter for a large range of Knudsen numbers within one approach. Our method combines the traditional Monte Carlo technique to efficiently propagate particles and the Point-of-Closest-Approach method for high spatial resolution. Simulations are performed using different particle mean-free-paths and we compare the results to linear theory predictions for the growth rate including diffusion and viscosity. We find good agreement between theoretical predictions and simulations and, at late times, observe the development of secondary instabilities, similar to hydrodynamic simulations and experiments. Large mean-free-paths favor particle diffusion, reduce the occurrence of secondary instabilities and approach the non-interacting gas limit.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Design and modeling of tunable microfluidic devices for label-free separation of circulating tumor cells
Creators: name: Uddin, Mohammed Raihan
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Circulating tumor cells
Dielectrophoresis
High separation distance
High-throughput
Inertial microfluidics
Label-free separation
Fluid Mechanics

description: Reliable separation and detection of circulating tumor cells from blood cells are crucial for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Many conventional microfluidic platforms take advantage of the size difference between particles for their separation, which renders them impractical for sorting overlapping-sized cells. To address this concern, a hybrid inertial-dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip is proposed in this work for continuous and single-stage separation of lung cancer cell line A549 cells from white blood cells of overlapping size. The working mechanism of the proposed spiral microchannel embedded with planar interdigitated electrodes is validated against the experimental results in the existing literature. A numerical investigation is carried out over a range of flow conditions and electric field intensity to determine the separation efficiency and migration characteristics of the cell mixture. The results demonstrate the unique capability of the proposed microchannel to achieve high-throughput separation of cells (~0.7mL/min) at low applied voltages (~10V) in both vertical and lateral directions. A significant lateral separation distance between the CTCs and the WBCs has been achieved, which allows for high-resolution and effective separation of cells. The separation resolution can be controlled by adjusting the strength of the applied electric field. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the lateral separation distance is maximum at a voltage termed as the critical voltage, which increases with the increase in the flow rate. Moreover, several electrode configurations have been studied and it was found that better separation can be achieved with higher number of electrodes and also positioning the electrodes towards the beginning of the channel makes them more effective for cell separation. Additionally, the robustness of the system was studied by using a mixture of WBCs containing four main subtypes having different sizes and dielectric properties. The electrode embedded spiral microchannel was successful in separating the CTCs from the mixture of WBCs. The proposed microchannel and the developed technique can provide valuable insight into the development of a tunable and robust point-of-care device for effective and high-throughput separation of cancer cells from the WBCs.
The Newtonian limit on cosmological scales
Creators: name: Oliynyk, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish the existence of a wide class of inhomogeneous relativistic solutions to the Einstein-Euler equations that are well approximated on cosmological scales by solutions of Newtonian gravity. Error estimates measuring the difference between the Newtonian and relativistic solutions are provided.
description: This version agrees with the published one
Nonsinglet pentagons and NMHV amplitudes
Creators: name: Belitsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric gauge theory receive a dual description in terms of the expectation value of the super Wilson loop stretched on a null polygonal contour. This makes the analysis amenable to nonperturbative techniques. Presently, we elaborate on a refined form of the operator product expansion in terms of pentagon transitions to compute twist-two contributions to NMHV amplitudes. To start with, we provide a novel derivation of scattering matrices starting from Baxter equations for flux-tube excitations propagating on magnon background. We propose bootstrap equations obeyed by pentagon form factors with nonsinglet quantum numbers with respected to the R-symmetry group and provide solutions to them to all orders in 't Hooft coupling. These are then successfully confronted against available perturbative calculations for NMHV amplitudes to three-loop order.
description: 58 pages, 5 figures; typos fixed, four-loop checks added to ancillary file
Probing Anisotropies of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with LISA
Creators: name: Bartolo, Nicola
name: Bertacca, Daniele
name: Caldwell, Robert
name: Contaldi, Carlo R.
name: Cusin, Giulia
name: De Luca, Valerio
name: Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela
name: Fasiello, Matteo
name: Figueroa, Daniel G.
name: Franciolini, Gabriele
name: Jenkins, Alexander C.
name: Peloso, Marco
name: Pieroni, Mauro
name: Renzini, Arianna
name: Ricciardone, Angelo
name: Riotto, Antonio
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
name: Sorbo, Lorenzo
name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
name: Torrado, Jesus
name: Clesse, Sebastien
name: Kuroyanagi, Sachiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to the anisotropies of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB). We first discuss the main astrophysical and cosmological sources of SGWB which are characterized by anisotropies in the GW energy density, and we build a Signal-to-Noise estimator to quantify the sensitivity of LISA to different multipoles. We then perform a Fisher matrix analysis of the prospects of detectability of anisotropic features with LISA for individual multipoles, focusing on a SGWB with a power-law frequency profile. We compute the noise angular spectrum taking into account the specific scan strategy of the LISA detector. We analyze the case of the kinematic dipole and quadrupole generated by Doppler boosting an isotropic SGWB. We find that $β\, Ω_{\rm GW}\sim 2\times 10^{-11}$ is required to observe a dipolar signal with LISA. The detector response to the quadrupole has a factor $\sim 10^3 \,β$ relative to that of the dipole. The characterization of the anisotropies, both from a theoretical perspective and from a map-making point of view, allows us to extract information that can be used to understand the origin of the SGWB, and to discriminate among distinct superimposed SGWB sources.
description: 48 page + appendices, 13 figures
Proximity coupling of granular film with ferroelectric substrate and giant electro-resistance effect
Creators: name: Udalov, O. G.
name: Chtchelkatchev, N. M.
name: Beloborodov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electron transport in granular film placed above the ferroelectric substrate. We show that the conductivity of granular film strongly depends on the ferroelectric state due to screening effects which modify the Coulomb blockade in granular film. In particular, the electric current in granular film is controlled by the direction of ferroelectric polarization. We show that the ferroelectric/granular film system has a large electro-resistance effect. This effect can be utilized in memory and electric field sensor applications.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Entanglement-enhanced test proposal for local Lorentz-symmetry violation via spinor atoms
Creators: name: Zhuang, Min
name: Huang, Jiahao
name: Lee, Chaohong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invariance under Lorentz transformations is fundamental to both the standard model and general relativity. Testing Lorentz-symmetry violation (LSV) via atomic systems attracts extensive interests in theory and experiment. Some recent proposals for testing LSV present that the effects of violation can be described as a local interaction. Further, the test precision of LSV can be enhanced via quantum entanglement and its quantum Fisher information (QFI) implicates that the test precision can asymptotically reach the Heisenberg limit. In general, the limited resolution of collective observables prevents the detection of large QFI. Here, we propose a multimode many-body quantum interferometry for testing the LSV parameter $κ$ via an ensemble of spinor atoms. By employing an $N$-atom multimode GHZ state, the test precision can attain the Heisenberg limit $Δκ\propto 1/(F^2N)$ with the spin length $F$ and the atomic number $N$. We find an actual observable (or practical measurement process) to achieve the ultimate precision and study the LSV test via an experimentally accessible three-mode interferometry with Bose condensed spin-1 atoms for example. By selecting suitable input states and unitary recombination operation, the LSV parameter $κ$ can be extracted via population measurement. Especially, the measurement precision of the LSV parameter $κ$ can beat the standard quantum limit and even approach the Heisenberg limit via spin mixing dynamics or driving through quantum phase transitions. Our proposed scheme may open up a feasible way for a drastic improvement of the LSV tests with atomic systems and provide an alternative application of multi-particle entangled states.
Publishable Summary for 17IND12 Met4FoF "Metrology for the Factory of the Future"
Creators: name: Eichstädt, Sascha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: digitalisation
metrology
measurement uncertainty
sensor network
MEMS
calibration
EMPIR
European Union (EU)
Horizon 2020

description: The “Factory of the Future” (FoF) as an inter-connected production environment with an autonomous flow of information and decision-making constitutes the digital transformation of manufacturing to improve efficiency and competitiveness. Transparency, comparability and sustainable quality all require reliable measured data, processing methods and results. This project will establish a metrological framework for the complete lifecycle of measured data in industrial applications: from calibration capabilities for individual sensors with digital pre-processed output to uncertainty quantification associated with machine learning (ML) in industrial sensor networks. Implementation in realistic testbeds will demonstrate the practical applicability and provide templates for future up-take by industry.
description: This is the publishable summary of the EMPIR project 17IND12 at month 9. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Decision-support system for water stress assessment and deficit irrigation management in wine grapes
Creators: name: Kang, Chenchen
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Decision-support
Deficit irrigation
Hyperspectral imaging
Soil moisture
Water status
Wine grape

description: A timely and appropriate level of water deficit is desirable in wine grape production to optimize fruit quality for winemaking. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is an irrigation management strategy which applies less water than the full water requirement in some growing phases (e.g., from fruit set to veraison) to achieve a mild to moderate water stress. The implementation of RDI in wine grape production requires a combination of technical knowledge, accurate assessment and monitoring, and effective decision-making to achieve the desired balance between water stress and adequate water availability to the plants. This research aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive decision-support system for precision RDI management in vineyards. The proposed system was aimed to accurately assess the soil and plant water status through hyperspectral imaging (HSI). By doing so, the system sought to provide appropriate irrigation plans to achieve the desired soil water content threshold optimally.This research comprised three studies aimed at developing and validating several data-driven models as decision-support tools for precision deficit irrigation management in wine grapes. The first two studies focused on developing ground-based approaches to detect grapevine water status using HSI. The first study aimed to develop ground-based approaches for detecting soil and grapevine water status using HSI obtained in diffused lighting conditions. It was found that using spectral data obtained under diffused light resulted in improved model performance compared to using spectral data obtained under direct sunlight. This allowed for high-resolution sensing of grapevine water status by estimating leaf water potential and stomatal conductance. The second study fused HSI with 3D point clouds to address the effect of varied leaf orientations and enabled a Multiblock Partial Least Squares-based model to estimate leaf water potential with high accuracy. The third study aimed to develop a decision-support system for managing precision RDI in vineyards. The system consists of a soil moisture prediction model and an RDI scheduling model developed based on artificial neural networks. Validation tests showed that the soil moisture prediction model could predict the soil moisture in the following week with an R2 of 0.93 and RMSE of 0.86 %, and the RDI scheduling model could estimate the weekly irrigation water amount for maintaining a target soil moisture with an R2 of 0.94 and RMSE of 8.85 L per drip irrigation emitter. These studies contribute to developing efficient data-driven approaches to assess grapevine water status and optimize deficit irrigation plans for dynamic soil water threshold. The outcomes of this research could aid in achieving a balance between yield and fruit quality in wine grape production.
MPVNN: Mutated Pathway Visible Neural Network Architecture for Interpretable Prediction of Cancer-specific Survival Risk
Creators: name: Roy, Gourab Ghosh
name: Geard, Nicholas
name: Verspoor, Karin
name: He, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Survival risk prediction using gene expression data is important in making treatment decisions in cancer. Standard neural network (NN) survival analysis models are black boxes with lack of interpretability. More interpretable visible neural network (VNN) architectures are designed using biological pathway knowledge. But they do not model how pathway structures can change for particular cancer types. We propose a novel Mutated Pathway VNN or MPVNN architecture, designed using prior signaling pathway knowledge and gene mutation data-based edge randomization simulating signal flow disruption. As a case study, we use the PI3K-Akt pathway and demonstrate overall improved cancer-specific survival risk prediction results of MPVNN over standard non-NN and other similar sized NN survival analysis methods. We show that trained MPVNN architecture interpretation, which points to smaller sets of genes connected by signal flow within the PI3K-Akt pathway that are important in risk prediction for particular cancer types, is reliable.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Robust quantum control using smooth pulses and topological winding
Creators: name: Barnes, Edwin
name: Wang, Xin
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The greatest challenge in achieving the high level of control needed for future technologies based on coherent quantum systems is the decoherence induced by the environment. Here, we present an analytical approach that yields explicit constraints on the driving field which are necessary and sufficient to ensure that the leading-order noise-induced errors in a qubit's evolution cancel exactly. We derive constraints for two of the most common types of noise that arise in qubits: slow fluctuations of the qubit energy splitting and fluctuations in the driving field itself. By theoretically recasting a phase in the qubit's wavefunction as a topological winding number, we can satisfy the noise-cancelation conditions by adjusting driving field parameters without altering the target state or quantum evolution. We demonstrate our method by constructing robust quantum gates for two types of spin qubit: phosphorous donors in silicon and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, v3: published version
Grand Minima and Equatorward Propagation in a Cycling Stellar Convective Dynamo
Creators: name: Augustson, Kyle
name: Brun, Allan Sacha
name: Miesch, Mark
name: Toomre, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 3-D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Anelastic Spherical Harmonic (ASH) code, using slope-limited diffusion, is employed to capture convective and dynamo processes achieved in a global-scale stellar convection simulation for a model solar-mass star rotating at three times the solar rate. The dynamo generated magnetic fields possesses many time scales, with a prominent polarity cycle occurring roughly every 6.2 years. The magnetic field forms large-scale toroidal wreaths, whose formation is tied to the low Rossby number of the convection in this simulation. The polarity reversals are linked to the weakened differential rotation and a resistive collapse of the large-scale magnetic field. An equatorial migration of the magnetic field is seen, which is due to the strong modulation of the differential rotation rather than a dynamo wave. A poleward migration of magnetic flux from the equator eventually leads to the reversal of the polarity of the high-latitude magnetic field. This simulation also enters an interval with reduced magnetic energy at low latitudes lasting roughly 16 years (about 2.5 polarity cycles), during which the polarity cycles are disrupted and after which the dynamo recovers its regular polarity cycles. An analysis of this grand minimum reveals that it likely arises through the interplay of symmetric and antisymmetric dynamo families. This intermittent dynamo state potentially results from the simulations relatively low magnetic Prandtl number. A mean-field-based analysis of this dynamo simulation demonstrates that it is of the $α$-$Ω$ type. The time scales that appear to be relevant to the magnetic polarity reversal are also identified.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, ApJ, Accepted
Many-body Majorana operators and the equivalence of parity sectors
Creators: name: Kells, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional p-wave topological superconductor model with open-boundary conditions is examined in its topological phase. Using the eigenbasis of the non-interacting system I show that, provided the interactions are local and do not result in a closing of the gap, then even and odd parity sectors are unitarily equivalent. Following on from this, it is possible to define two many-body operators that connect each state in one sector with a degenerate counterpart in the sector with opposite parity. This result applies to all states in the system and therefore establishes, for a long enough wire, that all even-odd eigenpairs remain essentially degenerate in the presence of local interactions. Building on this observation I then set out a full definition of the related many-body Majorana operators and point out that their structure cannot be fully revealed using cross-correlation data obtained from the ground state manifold alone. Although all results are formulated in the context of the 1-dimensional p-wave model, I argue why they should also apply to more realistic realisations (e.g. the multi-channel p-wave wire and proximity coupled models) of topological superconductivity.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Kondo effect and non-Fermi liquid behavior in Dirac and Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Principi, Alessandro
name: Vignale, Giovanni
name: Rossi, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Kondo effect in three-dimensional (3D) Dirac materials and Weyl semimetals. We find the scaling of the Kondo temperature with respect to the doping $n$ and the coupling $J$ between the moment of the magnetic impurity and the carriers of the semimetal. We find that when the temperature is much smaller than the Kondo temperature the resistivity due to the Kondo effect scales as the $n^{-4/3}$.We also study the effect of the interplay of long-range scalar disorder and Kondo effect. In the presence of disorder-induced long-range carrier density inhomogeneities the Kondo effect is not characterized by a Kondo temperature but by a distribution of Kondo temperatures. We obtain the expression of such distribution and show that its features cause the appearance of strong non-Fermi liquid behavior. Finally we compare the properties of the Kondo effect in 3D Dirac materials and 2D Dirac systems like graphene and topological insulators.
description: Published version. 5 pages, 3 figures
The non-thermal secondary CMB anisotropies from a cosmic distribution of radio galaxy lobes
Creators: name: Acharya, Sandeep Kumar
name: Majumdar, Subhabrata
name: Nath, Biman B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current and upcoming high angular resolution and multi-frequency experiments are well poised to explore the rich landscape of secondary CMB anisotropies. In this context, we compute for the first time, the power spectrum of CMB fluctuations from a cosmological distribution of evolving lobes of giant radio galaxies. We, also, explicitly take into account the non-thermal electron distribution, which has important implications for the inference of the CMB angular power spectrum. We calculate the mean global non-thermal y-distortion, \ynt. For observationally reasonable distribution of the jet luminosities in the range of $10^{45}-10^{47}$ ergs$^{-1}$, we find \ynt to be less than $10^{-5}$, and hence not violating the COBE limit as previously claimed. Using the unique spectral dependence of the non-thermal SZ, we show that a detection of \ynt can be within reach at the level of $\gtrsim 5σ$ from a future PIXIE-like experiment provided we understand the foregrounds precisely. The total non-thermal SZ power spectrum, $C^{NT}_\ell$, from the radio lobes peaks at $\ell \sim 3000$ with an amplitude $\sim 1\%$ of thermal SZ power spectrum from galaxy clusters. A a detection of the $C^{NT}_\ell$, with a PIXIE-like sensitivity experiment, can lead to $\sim 5σ$ constraint on the mass dependence of the jet luminosity with the constraint becoming, at least, ten times better for the proposed more ambitious CMB-HD survey. This will, further, lead to the tightest constrain on the central black hole mass -to- host halo mass scaling relations.
description: Accepted version
Fast Muon Tracking with Machine Learning Implemented in FPGA
Creators: name: Sun, Chang
name: Nakajima, Takumi
name: Mitsumori, Yuki
name: Horii, Yasuyuki
name: Tomoto, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present a new approach for fast tracking on multiwire proportional chambers with neural networks. The tracking networks are developed and adapted for the first-level trigger at hadron collider experiments. We use Monte Carlo samples generated by Geant4 with a custom muon chamber, which resembles part of the thin gap chambers from the ATLAS experiment, for training and performance evaluations. The chamber has a total of seven gas gaps, where the first and last gas gaps are displaced by ~1.5 m. Each gas gap has 50 channels with a size of 18-20 mm. Two neural network models are developed and presented: a convolutional neural network and a neural network optimized for the detector configuration of this study. In the latter network, a convolution layer is provided for each of three groups formed from 2-3 gas gaps of the chamber, and the outputs are fed into multilayer perceptrons in sequence. Both networks are transformed into hardware description language and implemented in Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA. The angular resolution is 2 mrad, which is comparable to the maximum resolution of the detector estimated by the minimum chi2 method. The latency achieved by the implemented firmware is less than 100 ns, and the throughput rate is 160 MHz.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Discovery of a New Galactic Center Excess Consistent with Upscattered Starlight
Creators: name: Abazajian, Kevork N.
name: Canac, Nicolas
name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
name: Kwa, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new extended gamma ray excess detected with the Fermi Satellite Large Area Telescope toward the Galactic Center that traces the morphology of infrared starlight emission. Combined with its measured spectrum, this new extended source is approximately consistent with inverse Compton emission from a high-energy electron-positron population with energies up to about 10 GeV. Previously detected emissions tracing the 20 cm radio, interpreted as bremsstrahlung radiation, and the Galactic Center Extended emission tracing a spherical distribution and peaking at 2 GeV, are also detected. We show that the inverse Compton and bremsstrahlung emissions are likely due to the same source of electrons and positrons. All three extended emissions may be explained within the framework of a model where the dark matter annihilates to leptons or a model with unresolved millisecond pulsars in the Galactic Center.
description: 13 pages and 5 figures. Version 2 was expanded to include tests to demonstrate the robustness of results against background systematics. Conclusions unchanged. Version 3 includes more checks and matches the published version
Variational Monte Carlo simulations using tensor-product projected states
Creators: name: Sikora, Olga
name: Chang, Hsueh-Wen
name: Chou, Chung-Pin
name: Pollmann, Frank
name: Kao, Ying-Jer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an efficient numerical method, which combines the advantages of recently developed tensor-network based methods and standard trial wave functions, to study the ground state properties of quantum many-body systems. In this approach, we apply a projector in the form of a tensor-product operator to an input wave function, such as a Jastrow-type or Hartree-Fock wave function, and optimize the tensor elements via variational Monte Carlo. The entanglement already contained in the input wave function can considerably reduce the bond dimensions compared to the regular tensor-product state representation. In particular, this allows us to also represent states that do not obey the area law of entanglement entropy. In addition, for fermionic systems, the fermion sign structure can be encoded in the input wave function. We show that the optimized states provide good approximations of the ground-state energy and correlation functions in the cases of two-dimensional bosonic and fermonic systems.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, published version
Virial coefficients and demixing in the Asakura-Oosawa model
Creators: name: de Haro, Mariano López
name: Tejero, Carlos F.
name: Santos, Andrés
name: Yuste, Santos B.
name: Fiumara, Giacomo
name: Saija, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of demixing in the Asakura-Oosawa colloid-polymer model is considered. The critical constants are computed using truncated virial expansions up to fifth order. While the exact analytical results for the second and third virial coefficients are known for any size ratio, analytical results for the fourth virial coefficient are provided here, and fifth virial coefficients are obtained numerically for particular size ratios using standard Monte Carlo techniques. We have computed the critical constants by successively considering the truncated virial series up to the second, third, fourth, and fifth virial coefficients. The results for the critical colloid and (reservoir) polymer packing fractions are compared with those that follow from available Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. Limitations and perspectives of this approach are pointed out.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; v2: Inclusion of analytical expression for E11222 plus other minor changes; v3: Misprint in Eq. (2.20) corrected (see http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4926462)
title: Germination rates of frozen grain legume seeds in Cameroon
Creators: name: Fonji, Atemkeng Maureen
name: Akongwi, Neba A.
name: Owoma, Christophe Owoma
name: Bassi, Odile
Publisher: name: Julius-Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: A project on collection and conservation of genetic resources was carried out in Cameroon in 2014 in villages around Yaounde, Mbalmayo, and Ebolowa. Samples of all grain legume species cultivated by the farmers were collected from the 15th of March till early May 2015. Farmers in these zones cultivate mostly ground nuts, followed by soybean and cowpea. A total of 39, 13, and 45 samples were collected from Yaounde, Mbalmayo, and Ebolowa, respectively. After collection, samples were sun-dried, treated, labeled, plasticized, and stored in the freezer at -20oC in the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) store room at Nkolbisson, Yaounde. A trial was carried out at IRAD Kumba experimental farms in 2016 to purify and maintain 14 cowpea and 12 groundnut samples from the freezer, under the C2D project. There were highly significant differences (P< 0.05) amongst samples (treatments) for the germination rate. Cowpea samples had a germination rate ranging from 0.33 to 47.67%, while germination rates for groundnuts were between16.67 to 68.33%. Out of the 26 samples, only 5 (19%) had germination rates above 50%. Due to irregular power supply, freezing turned out to be an ineffective storage method for grain legume seeds. Seeds are now being maintained in vivo in small quantities and on seasonal basis which renders the job of plants breeders very difficult and ineffective. Alternatives storage methods and facilities for grains and seeds in developing countries like Cameroon remain an urgent need to boost research and ensure food security.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Vol.1 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018