cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the 2$νββ$ Decay Half-life of $^{130}$Te with CUORE
Creators: name: CUORE Collaboration
name: Adams, D. Q.
name: Alduino, C.
name: Alfonso, K.
name: Avignone, F. T.
name: Azzolini, O.
name: Bari, G.
name: Bellini, F.
name: Benato, G.
name: Biassoni, M.
name: Branca, A.
name: Brofferio, C.
name: Bucci, C.
name: Camilleri, J.
name: Caminata, A.
name: Campani, A.
name: Canonica, L.
name: Cao, X. G.
name: Capelli, S.
name: Cappelli, L.
name: Cardani, L.
name: Carniti, P.
name: Casali, N.
name: Chiesa, D.
name: Clemenza, M.
name: Copello, S.
name: Cosmelli, C.
name: Cremonesi, O.
name: Creswick, R. J.
name: D'Addabbo, A.
name: Dafinei, I.
name: Davis, C. J.
name: Dell'Oro, S.
name: Di Domizio, S.
name: Dompè, V.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Fantini, G.
name: Faverzani, M.
name: Ferri, E.
name: Ferroni, F.
name: Fiorini, E.
name: Franceschi, M. A.
name: Freedman, S. J.
name: Fu, S. H.
name: Fujikawa, B. K.
name: Giachero, A.
name: Gironi, L.
name: Giuliani, A.
name: Gorla, P.
name: Gotti, C.
name: Gutierrez, T. D.
name: Han, K.
name: Heeger, K. M.
name: Huang, R. G.
name: Huang, H. Z.
name: Johnston, J.
name: Keppel, G.
name: Kolomensky, Yu. G.
name: Ligi, C.
name: Ma, L.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Marini, L.
name: Maruyama, R. H.
name: Mayer, D.
name: Mei, Y.
name: Moggi, N.
name: Morganti, S.
name: Napolitano, T.
name: Nastasi, M.
name: Nikkel, J.
name: Nones, C.
name: Norman, E. B.
name: Nucciotti, A.
name: Nutini, I.
name: O'Donnell, T.
name: Ouellet, J. L.
name: Pagan, S.
name: Pagliarone, C. E.
name: Pagnanini, L.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Pattavina, L.
name: Pavan, M.
name: Pessina, G.
name: Pettinacci, V.
name: Pira, C.
name: Pirro, S.
name: Pozzi, S.
name: Previtali, E.
name: Puiu, A.
name: Rosenfeld, C.
name: Rusconi, C.
name: Sakai, M.
name: Sangiorgio, S.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: Scielzo, N. D.
name: Sharma, V.
name: Singh, V.
name: Sisti, M.
name: Speller, D.
name: Surukuchi, P. T.
name: Taffarello, L.
name: Terranova, F.
name: Tomei, C.
name: Vetter, K. J.
name: Vignati, M.
name: Wagaarachchi, S. L.
name: Wang, B. S.
name: Welliver, B.
name: Wilson, J.
name: Wilson, K.
name: Winslow, L. A.
name: Zimmermann, S.
name: Zucchelli, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: We measured two-neutrino double beta decay of $^{130}$Te using an exposure of 300.7 kg$\cdot$yr accumulated with the CUORE detector. Using a Bayesian analysis to fit simulated spectra to experimental data, it was possible to disentangle all the major background sources and precisely measure the two-neutrino contribution. The half-life is in agreement with past measurements with a strongly reduced uncertainty: $T^{2ν}_{1/2} = 7.71^{+0.08}_{-0.06}\mathrm{(stat.)}^{+0.12}_{-0.15}\mathrm{(syst.)}\times10^{20}$ yr. This measurement is the most precise determination of the $^{130}$Te 2$νββ$ decay half-life to date.
description: Published in PRL
Trusted Research Environments (TRE) Green Paper
Creators: name: Hubbard, Tim
name: Reilly, Gerry
name: Varma, Susheel
name: Seymour, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Trusted Research Environments
Data Safe Havens

description: Project Aligning approach to Trusted Research Environments Share this page Data Safe Havens are an essential way of managing risk of unauthorised re-identification of individuals from de-identified data. This risk heightens with increased data linkage across a wider range of data sets. To date, most of the focus of Data Safe Havens has been on the people, processes and technology required to deliver effective Information Security. Our aim is for Alliance Trusted Research Environments (TRE) to be more than Data Safe Havens by meeting researchers’ technical and functionality requirements both now and in the future, whilst providing confidence to data custodians and the public through implementing a rigorous system of data access based on an evolution of the Five Safes model. This evolution is required to meet research needs for Machine Learning capability, High Performance Computing or High Throughput Computing e.g., for analysis of genetic and imaging data, and also to support the convergence of research and care to enable a future of personalised medicine.
The association between gas and galaxies I: CFHT spectroscopy and pair analysis
Creators: name: Morris, Simon L.
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relative distribution of the gaseous contents of the Universe (as traced by a sample of Lyman alpha (lya) absorbers), and the luminous baryonic matter (as traced by a redshift survey of galaxies in the same volume searched for lya absorbers), along 16 lines-of-sight (LOS) between redshifts 0 and 1. Our galaxy redshift survey was made with the Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) on Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and, when combined with galaxies from the literature in the same LOS, gives us a galaxy sample of 636 objects. By combining this with an absorption line sample of 406 absorbing systems drawn from published works, we are able to study the relationship between gas and galaxies over the latter half of the age of the Universe. A correlation between absorbers and galaxies is detected out to separation of 1.5 Mpc. This correlation is weaker than the galaxy-galaxy correlation. There is also some evidence that the absorbing systems seen in CIV are more closely related to galaxies, although this correlation could be with column density rather than metallicity. The above results are all consistent with the absorbing gas and the galaxies co-existing in dark matter filaments and knots as predicted by current models, where the column density of the absorbing gas is correlated with the underlying matter density.
description: 26 pages, 32 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Analytic Perturbation Theory and Renormalization Analysis of Matter Coupled to Quantized Radiation
Creators: name: Griesemer, Marcel
name: Hasler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T17, 47A55 (Primary); 81V10 (Secondary)

description: For a large class of quantum mechanical models of matter and radiation we develop an analytic perturbation theory for non-degenerate ground states. This theory is applicable, for example, to models of matter with static nuclei and non-relativistic electrons that are coupled to the UV-cutoff quantized radiation field in the dipole approximation. If the lowest point of the energy spectrum is a non-degenerate eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian, we show that this eigenvalue is an analytic function of the nuclear coordinates and of $α^{3/2}$, $α$ being the fine structure constant. A suitably chosen ground state vector depends analytically on $α^{3/2}$ and it is twice continuously differentiable with respect to the nuclear coordinates.
description: 47 pages
Dark Photon Search at Yemilab, Korea
Creators: name: Seo, Seon-Hee
name: Kim, Yeongduk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark photons are well motivated hypothetical dark sector particles that could account for observations that cannot be explained by the standard model of particle physics. A search for dark photons that are produced by an electron beam striking a thick tungsten target and subsequently interact in a 3 kiloton-scale neutrino detector in Yemilab, a new underground lab in Korea, is proposed. Dark photons can be produced by "darkstrahlung" or by oscillations from ordinary photons produced in the target and detected by their visible decays, "absorption" or by their oscillation to ordinary photons. By detecting the absorption process or the oscillation-produced photons, a world's best sensitivity for measurements of the dark-photon kinetic mixing parameter of $ε^2 > 1.5 \times 10^{-13} (6.1 \times 10^{-13})$ at the 95\% confidence level (C.L.) could be obtained for dark photon masses between 80 eV and 1 MeV in a year-long exposure to a 100 MeV-100 kW electron beam with zero ($10^3$) background events. In parallel, the detection of $e^+e^-$ pairs from decays of dark photons with mass between 1 MeV and $\sim$86 MeV would have sensitivities of $ε^2 > \mathcal{O}(10^{-17}) (\mathcal{O}(10^{-16}))$ at the 95% C.L. with zero ($10^3$) background events.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, Final accepted version at JHEP
THE IMPACT OF BEAN RESEARCH IN HONDURAS
Creators: name: Mather, David
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Rosas, Juan Carlos
name: Ruano, Abelardo Viana
name: Escoto, Danilo
name: Martinez, Julio
name: Mather, David
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Rosas, Juan Carlos
name: Ruano, Abelardo Viana
name: Escoto, Danilo
name: Martinez, Julio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Since the mid-1980s, bean research in Honduras has focused on the development of improved varieties resistant to key diseases, principally Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus (BGYMV), one of the main constraints to bean production in the country. This paper presents evidence of recent adoption rates of improved bean varieties, the farm-level economic impact of adoption, and the ex post rate of return to bean research in Honduras from 1982-2010. Results from a 2001 farm-level survey in the two principal bean-producing regions in Honduras show that 46 to 51% of bean farmers (depending upon the season) have adopted an improved variety, and that adoption is scale-neutral with respect to farm-size and market orientation. Due to the potential problem of sample selection bias in the adoption of disease-resistant varieties, the farm-level impact of the new varieties was estimated using experimental data to approximate the yield differential between resistant and non-resistant varieties under disease pressure, and survey data was used to approximate the frequency of disease incidence in farmers' fields. An expected utility framework assuming risk neutrality demonstrates that adopters gain an average of 20% in bean income from increased yield stability under disease pressure, although these gains are reduced by 7 to 16% due to market price discounts for the resistant varieties. Under base-level assumptions, the economic rate of return bean research in Honduras during the period 1982-2010 is 40 %.
Interferometric Constraints on Spacelike Coherent Rotational Fluctuations
Creators: name: Richardson, Jonathan W.
name: Kwon, Ohkyung
name: Gustafson, H. Richard
name: Hogan, Craig
name: Kamai, Brittany L.
name: McCuller, Lee P.
name: Meyer, Stephan S.
name: Stoughton, Chris
name: Tomlin, Raymond E.
name: Weiss, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision measurements are reported of the cross-spectrum of rotationally-induced differential position displacements in a pair of colocated 39 m long, high power Michelson interferometers. One arm of each interferometer is bent $90^{\circ}$ near its midpoint to obtain sensitivity to rotations about an axis normal to the plane of the instrument. The instrument achieves quantum-limited sensing of spatially-correlated signals in a broad frequency band extending beyond the 3.9 MHz inverse light travel time of the apparatus. For stationary signals with bandwidth $Δf > 10\;\mathrm{kHz}$, the sensitivity to rotation-induced strain $h$ of classical or exotic origin surpasses $\mathrm{CSD}_{δh} < t_P / 2$, where $t_P = 5.39 \times 10^{-44}\;\mathrm{s}$ is the Planck time. This measurement is used to constrain a semiclassical model of nonlocally coherent rotational degrees of freedom of spacetime, which have been conjectured to emerge in holographic quantum geometry but are not present in a classical metric.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. PRL accepted manuscript
Adaptive generalized measurement for unambiguous state discrimination of quaternary phase-shift-keying coherent states
Creators: name: Izumi, Shuro
name: Neergaard-Nielsen, Jonas S.
name: Andersen, Ulrik L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generalized quantum measurements identifying non-orthogonal states without ambiguity often play an indispensable role in various quantum applications. For such unambiguous state discrimination scenario, we have a finite probability of obtaining inconclusive results and minimizing the probability of inconclusive results is of particular importance. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an adaptive generalized measurement that can unambiguously discriminate the quaternary phase-shift-keying coherent states with a near-optimal performance. Our scheme is composed of displacement operations, single photon detections and adaptive control of the displacements dependent on a history of photon detection outcomes. Our experimental results show a clear improvement of both a probability of conclusive results and a ratio of erroneous decision caused by unavoidable experimental imperfections over conventional static generalized measurements.
Slow Dynamics in Glasses
Creators: name: Phillips, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimalist theories of complex systems are broadly of two kinds: mean-field and axiomatic. So far all theories of complex properties absent from simple systems and intrinsic to glasses are axiomatic. Stretched Exponential Relaxation (SER) is the prototypical complex temporal property of glasses, discovered by Kohlrausch 150 years ago, and now observed almost universally in microscopically homogeneous, complex non-equilibrium materials, including luminescent electronic (Coulomb) glasses. Critical comparison of alternative axiomatic theories with both numerical simulations and experiments strongly favors dynamical trap models over static percolative or energy landscape models. PACS: 61.20.Lc; 67.40.Fd
VALUING LOSSES FROM DEPOPULATING MICHIGAN DAIRY HERDS
Creators: name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Lloyd, James W.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Lloyd, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Depopulating dairy herds in the effort to eradicate disease would have significant economic effects. This paper evaluates farm-level effects that might occur and puts forth a method for quantifying losses. The reader is directed elsewhere for industry or state-level effects of disease eradication or depopulation.
Final results on the neutrino magnetic moment from the MUNU experiment
Creators: name: The MUNU Collaboration
name: Daraktchieva, Z.
name: Amsler, C.
name: Avenier, M.
name: Broggini, C.
name: Busto, J.
name: Cerna, C.
name: Juget, F.
name: Koang, D. H.
name: Lamblin, J.
name: Lebrun, D.
name: Link, O.
name: Puglierin, G.
name: Stutz, A.
name: Tadsen, A.
name: Vuilleumier, J. -L.
name: Zacek, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MUNU detector was designed to study neutrino-electron elastic scattering at low energy. The central component is a Time Projection Chamber filled with CF4 gas, surrounded by an anti-Compton detector. The experiment was carried out at the Bugey (France) nuclear reactor. In this paper we present the final analysis of the data recorded at 3 bar and 1 bar pressure. Both the energy and the scattering angle of the recoil electron are measured. From the 3 bar data a new upper limit on the neutrino magnetic moment was derived. At 1 bar electron tracks down to 150 keV were reconstructed, demonstrating the potentiality of the experimental technique for future applications in low energy neutrino physics.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures; p. 3: changed definition of fidet
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: A SCENARIO ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Neven, David
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
name: Neven, David
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Over the years agricultural technology has created remarkable commodity production growth rates and enhanced general economic growth through food production, manufactured goods and trade for most nations. Biotechnology holds the promise of continuing this remarkable record. There is a long list of potential benefits of biotechnology but unfortunately the perceived costs/risks are also many. These concerns have lead to significant consumer reluctance to accept the technology and, in some cases, outright consumer rejection of the technology. To discuss the future of biotechnology, scenario analysis is used to examine the social and economic impact of biotechnology on industrialized and emerging nations. Four scenarios are discussed in detail: biotechnology may be formally or informally banned (Scenario 1), fully accepted (Scenario 2), marketed through strict labeling (Scenario 3), or limited to non-food applications (Scenario 4). Consumer acceptance of this technology will be key to determining which scenario becomes the future for each nation. The likelihood of each scenario is different for each nation, the U.S. will most likely evolve into scenario 2 or 3, while in the EU scenarios 1 or 4 are more likely. Determining the future for emerging nations is extremely complex and dependent on several factors like malnutrition rates, environmental safety and historical trading routes. Each scenario has a major impact on small producers worldwide which ultimately influences the health of rural communities. The analysis indicates that emerging nations are the most sensitive to the timing of decisions being made about the future of biotechnology. If biotechnology becomes a reality, new data will be required to assess the social and economic impact of this technology.
Trends in Michigan Agriculture and Food Processing
Creators: name: Ferris, John N.
name: Ferris, John N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Agriculture, prominent in the early settlement of Michigan in the 1800s, was joined by food processing in the 1900s to become a major component of the economy even as the auto industry became predominant. Michigan farmers have adjusted to new opportunities and have taken advantage of the unique aspects of the soils and climate to generate a very diverse system of crops and livestock. The close rural-urban interface is mutually beneficial to the agricultural/food processing complex and the rest of the state. The interdependence of agriculture and food processing suggests that they be considered in combination in evaluating trends and prospects for both. The state being well suited for forage production and with an expanding urban population, dairying became the most important enterprise. New hybrids pushed corn production to far exceed the livestock requirement of the state, stimulating cattle feeding, hog and turkey production. Michigan farmers have competed more effectively in the national scene with crops than with livestock, particularly on soybeans, sugarbeets and ornamentals. Real value added by food processors in the state increased over time with the strongest performance relative to national totals in dairy processing. While some recent trends have been negative, agricultural production and processing remain as a key sector in the economy. Broadly defined, the output of this sector totaled $27 billion annually in the late 1990s if backward linked industries supplying agriculture and food processing are included; $37 billion if wholesaling and retailing are added. Agricultural production and processing employed nearly 100 thousand directly and an additional 100 thousand in backward linked industries; a total of over 500 thousand if direct and indirect effects of wholesaling and retailing are compiled. The expanded 500 thousand jobs represent nearly 13 percent of total employment in the state. Besides its strong presence in the state, the agricultural production and processing sector provides diversification to an economy heavily dependent on durable goods industries, principally motor vehicles and parts. Cycles in agriculture are not highly correlated with the business cycle which swings Michigan's economy more than other states. Efficiencies in agricultural production have resulted in lower real farm prices, contributing to reduced level of inflation in food prices. Also, farmers perform key roles as stewards of the Michigan landscape. A tradition in Michigan agriculture and the food business has been entrepreneurship and innovative leadership which will be essential for the future.
A Theoretical Analysis of Catastrophic Forgetting through the NTK Overlap Matrix
Creators: name: Doan, Thang
name: Bennani, Mehdi
name: Mazoure, Bogdan
name: Rabusseau, Guillaume
name: Alquier, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Continual learning (CL) is a setting in which an agent has to learn from an incoming stream of data during its entire lifetime. Although major advances have been made in the field, one recurring problem which remains unsolved is that of Catastrophic Forgetting (CF). While the issue has been extensively studied empirically, little attention has been paid from a theoretical angle. In this paper, we show that the impact of CF increases as two tasks increasingly align. We introduce a measure of task similarity called the NTK overlap matrix which is at the core of CF. We analyze common projected gradient algorithms and demonstrate how they mitigate forgetting. Then, we propose a variant of Orthogonal Gradient Descent (OGD) which leverages structure of the data through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Experiments support our theoretical findings and show how our method can help reduce CF on classical CL datasets.
description: Accepted to AISTATS 2021. Keywords: continual learning, catastrophic forgetting, NTK regime, orthgonal gradient descent
Softly shifting away from dark matter direct detection
Creators: name: Xing, Chuan-Yang
name: Xu, Ling-Xiao
name: Zhu, Shou-hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose soft breaking mechanism for dark matter (DM) shift symmetry in a class of composite dark matter models, where both DM and the Higgs boson arise as pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons from novel strong dynamics. Our mechanism is utilized to suppress the non-derivative portal coupling between the Higgs boson and DM particle, which can evade the stringent bound of current DM direct detection experiments. Otherwise this non-derivative portal coupling would naturally be at the same order of the Higgs quartic, rendering this class of models under severe crisis. For realizing soft breaking mechanism, we introduce vector-like top partners, dubbed as "softons", to restore the shift symmetry of DM in top Yukawa sector, which however is only broken by the softon masses. The portal coupling would automatically vanish as the shift-symmetry-breaking softon masses approach zero. Specifically we present a proof-of-concept model of soft breaking, based on the coset $O(6)/O(5)$ and the simplest fermion embedding, and study its DM phenomenology, where we show a large amount of novel parameter space is opened up by using the soft breaking mechanism.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. v2: minor revision, to appear in PRD
Field-induced Bose-Einstein condensation of interacting dilute magnons in three-dimensional spin systems: A renormalization-group study
Creators: name: Crisan, M.
name: Tifrea, I.
name: Bodea, D
name: Grosu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Renormalization Group method to study the magnetic field influence on the Bose-Einstein condensation of interacting dilute magnons in three dimensional spin systems. We first considered a model with SU(2) symmetry (universality class $z=1$) and we obtain for the critical magnetic field a power law dependence on the critical temperature, $[H_c(T)-H_c(0)]\sim T^2$. In the case of U(1) symmetry (universality class $z=2$) the dependence is different, and the magnetic critical field depends linearly on the critical temperature, $[H_c(T)-H_c(0)]\sim T$. By considering a more relevant model, which includes also the system's anisotropy, we obtain for the same symmetry class a $T^{3/2}$ dependence of the magnetic critical field on the critical temperature. We discuss these theoretical predictions of the renormalization group in connection with experimental results reported in the literature.
description: 6 pages, Revtex
MARKET OUTLOOK AND THE ECONOMICS OF PRODUCING AND MARKETING MICHIGAN WHEAT
Creators: name: Ferris, John N.
name: Ferris, John N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: No abstract available. Note: Figures 1-11 and Appendix B (Tables B1-B6) omitted from electronic copy--contact author for information.
A Hot Helium Plasma in the Galactic Center Region
Creators: name: Belmont, R.
name: Tagger, M.
name: Muno, M.
name: Morris, M.
name: Cowley, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent X-ray observations by the space mission Chandra confirmed the astonishing evidence for a diffuse, hot, thermal plasma at a temperature of 9. $10^7$ K (8 keV) found by previous surveys to extend over a few hundred parsecs in the Galactic Centre region. This plasma coexists with the usual components of the interstellar medium such as cold molecular clouds and a soft (~0.8 keV) component produced by supernova remnants, and its origin remains uncertain. First, simple calculations using a mean sound speed for a hydrogen-dominated plasma have suggested that it should not be gravitationally bound, and thus requires a huge energy source to heat it in less than the escape time. Second, an astrophysical mechanism must be found to generate such a high temperature. No known source has been identified to fulfill both requirements. Here we address the energetics problem and show that the hot component could actually be a gravitationally confined helium plasma. We illustrate the new prospects this opens by discussing the origin of this gas, and by suggesting possible heating mechanisms.
description: 9 pages, accepted for publication in APJL
Axial Magnetoelectric Effect in Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Liang, Long
name: Sukhachov, P. O.
name: Balatsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism to generate a static magnetization via {\em axial magnetoelectric effect} (AMEE). Magnetization ${\bf M} \sim {\bf E}_5(ω)\times {\bf E}_5^{*}(ω)$ appears as a result of the transfer of the angular momentum of the axial electric field ${\bf E}_5(t)$ into the magnetic moment in Dirac and Weyl semimetals. We point out similarities and differences between the proposed AMEE and a conventional inverse Faraday effect (IFE). As an example, we estimated the AMEE generated by circularly polarized acoustic waves and find it to be on the scale of microgauss for gigahertz frequency sound. In contrast to a conventional IFE, magnetization rises linearly at small frequencies and fixed sound intensity as well as demonstrates a nonmonotonic peak behavior for the AMEE. The effect provides a way to investigate unusual axial electromagnetic fields via conventional magnetometry techniques.
description: 6+7 pages, 4+2 figures
Evaluating and improving the accuracy of computational gene-finding on mammalian DNA sequences
Creators: name: Rogic, Sanja
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents work in one of the main research areas in Computational Biology: computational gene-finding in higher eukaryotic genomic DNA. Programs for identification of gene structures have been in existence for more than a decade, but today they are used more extensively than ever to analyze the enormous amount of sequence data coming from various genome sequencing projects. Consequently, their impact on research in the area of genomics and beyond is substantial. The thesis has two distinguishable parts: the first presents an evaluation and comprehensive analysis of the current generation of gene-finding programs. For this purpose a new, thoroughly filtered and biologically validated test dataset of genomic sequences was assembled. The basic prediction accuracy of the programs tested was calculated and the relationships between various sequence and prediction features and programs' accuracy were analyzed. The second part of the thesis presents the development and results of methods for combination of the predictions from two gene-finding programs. Three methods were developed, each having some advantages over the other two, and each of them offering higher prediction accuracy on the test dataset than any gene-finding program currently available.
TextGrids year 4
Creators: name: Ríos Ochoa, Nancy
name: Skilton, Amalia Horan
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: ore
subject: Máíhĩ̵̀kì language

description: All TextGrids associated with the recordings of Nancy Ríos Ochoa made during year 4
Automated analysis of eclipsing binary lightcurves with EBAS. II. Statistical analysis of OGLE LMC eclipsing binaries
Creators: name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Tamuz, Omer
name: North, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first paper of this series we presented EBAS, a new fully automated algorithm to analyse the lightcurves of eclipsing binaries, based on the EBOP code. Here we apply the new algorithm to the whole sample of 2580 binaries found in the OGLE LMC photometric survey and derive the orbital elements for 1931 systems. To obtain the statistical properties of the short-period binaries of the LMC we construct a well defined subsample of 938 eclipsing binaries with main-sequence B-type primaries. Correcting for observational selection effects, we derive the distributions of the fractional radii of the two components and their sum, the brightness ratios and the periods of the short-period binaries. Somewhat surprisingly, the results are consistent with a flat distribution in log P between 2 and 10 days. We also estimate the total number of binaries in the LMC with the same characteristics, and not only the eclipsing binaries, to be about 5000. This figure leads us to suggest that 0.7 +- 0.4 percent of the main-sequence B-type stars in the LMC are found in binaries with periods shorter than 10 days. This frequency is substantially smaller than the fraction of binaries found by small Galactic radial-velocity surveys of B stars. On the other hand, the binary frequency found by HST photometric searches within the late main-sequence stars of 47 Tuc is only slightly higher and still consistent with the frequency we deduced for the B stars in the LMC.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, accepted to MNRAS
2004 Michigan Cash Grain Business Analysis Summary
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the 2004 financial and production records of 88 Michigan cash grain farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of these items: corn, soybeans, wheat, and all varieties of navy beans, oats, sugar beets and other small grains. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service of Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.
Axiomatic Theories of Intermediate Phases (IP) and Ideal Stretched Exponential Relaxation (SER)
Creators: name: Phillips, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimalist theories of complex systems are broadly of two kinds: mean-field and axiomatic. So far all theories of properties absent from simple systems and intrinsic to complex systems, such as IP and SER, are axiomatic. SER is the prototypical complex temporal property of glasses, discovered by Kohlrausch 150 years ago, and now observed almost universally in microscopically homogeneous, complex non-equilibrium materials (strong network and fragile molecular glasses, polymers and copolymers, even electronic glasses). The Scher-Lax trap model (1973) is paradigmatic for electronic SER; for molecular SER Phillips (3RCS 1995) identified two "magic" shape fractions β= 3/5 and 3/7, as confirmed by many later experiments here reviewed. In the dielectric SER frequency domain involving ion conduction, there are also special beta values for fused salts and glasses, slightly, but distinguishably, different because of the presence of a forcing electric field.
The statistical parton distributions: status and prospects
Creators: name: Bourrely, Claude
name: Soffer, Jacques
name: Buccella, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New experimental results on polarized structure functions, cross sections for $e^{\pm}p$ neutral and charge current reactions and $ν$ ($\barν$) charge current on isoscalar targets are compared with predictions using the statistical parton distributions, which were previously determined. New data on cross sections for Drell-Yan processes, single jet in $p\bar{p}$ collisions and inclusive $π^0$ production in $pp$ collisions are also compared with predictions from this theoretical approach. The good agreement which we find with all these tests against experiment, strenghtens our opinion on the relevance of the role of quantum statistics for parton distributions. We will also discuss the prospects of this physical framework.
description: 34 pages, 23 figures, references and figures added
Effective Floquet model for minimally twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: De Beule, Christophe
name: Dominguez, Fernando
name: Recher, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an effective Floquet lattice model for the triangular network that emerges in interlayer-biased minimally twisted bilayer graphene and which supports two chiral channels per link for a given valley and spin. We introduce the Floquet scheme with the one-channel triangular network and subsequently extend it to the two-channel case. From the bulk topological index (winding number) and finite system calculations, we find that both cases host anomalous Floquet insulators (AFIs) with a different gap-opening mechanism. In the one-channel network, either time-reversal or in-plane inversion symmetry has to be broken to open a gap. In contrast, in the two-channel network, interchannel coupling can open a gap without breaking these symmetries yielding a valley AFI with counterpropagating edge states. This phase is topologically trivial with respect to the total winding number but robust in the absence of intervalley scattering. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the Floquet model with magnetotransport calculations.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
The Samelson Product and Rational Homotopy for Gauge Groups
Creators: name: Wockel, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 57T20; 57S05; 81R10; 55P62

description: This paper is on the connecting homomorphism in the long exact homotopy sequence of the evaluation fibration $ev_{p_0}:C(P,K)^K \to K$, where $C(P,K)^K \cong Gau(P)$ is the gauge group of a continuous principal $K$-bundle $P$ over a closed orientable surface or a sphere. We show that in this cases the connecting homomorphism in the corresponding long exact homotopy sequence is given in terms of the Samelson product. As applications, we exploit this correspondence to get an explicit formula for $π_2 (Gau(P_k))$, where $P_k$ denotes the principal $S^3$-bundle over $S^4$ of Chern number $k$ and derive explicit formulae for the rational homotopy groups $π_n (Gau(P)) \otimes \Q$.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Phase Field Modeling of Fast Crack Propagation
Creators: name: Spatschek, Robert
name: Hartmann, Miks
name: Brener, Efim
name: Mueller-Krumbhaar, Heiner
name: Kassner, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a continuum theory which predicts the steady state propagation of cracks. The theory overcomes the usual problem of a finite time cusp singularity of the Grinfeld instability by the inclusion of elastodynamic effects which restore selection of the steady state tip radius and velocity. We developed a phase field model for elastically induced phase transitions; in the limit of small or vanishing elastic coefficients in the new phase, fracture can be studied. The simulations confirm analytical predictions for fast crack propagation.
description: 5 pages, 11 figures
New Physics effects in leptonic and semileptonic decays
Creators: name: Bečirević, Damir
name: Jaffredo, Florentin
name: Peñuelas, Ana
name: Sumensari, Olcyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibilities of extracting the constraints on New Physics by using the current data on the leptonic and semileptonic decays of pseudoscalar mesons. In doing so we use a general low energy Lagrangian that besides the vector and axial operators also includes the (pseudo-)scalar and tensor ones. In obtaining constraints on New Physics couplings we combine the experimental information concerning several decay modes with the accurate lattice QCD results for the hadronic matrix elements. We propose to study new observables that can be extracted from the angular analysis of the semileptonic decays and discuss their values both in the Standard Model and in some specific scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures. Version published at JHEP
Deciding on the Worth of Agricultural Land
Creators: name: Madden, B. J.
name: Malcolm, Bill
name: Madden, B. J.
name: Malcolm, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The price farmers pay for farm land can be a critical determinant of the continued success or eventual failure of a farm business. A decision support model has been developed to make explicit the usually implicit assumptions about expected profitability, financing and debt servicing aspects of land purchase decisions. The model can be used to help the decision maker to identify offer prices for farm land which are probably sound and prices which are likely to be unsound.
Isolated Photons in Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De
name: Gehrmann, T.
name: Poulsen, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon radiation at large transverse momenta at colliders is a detailed probe of hard interaction dynamics. The isolated photon production cross section in deep inelastic scattering was measured recently by the ZEUS experiment, and found to be considerably larger than theoretical predictions obtained with widely used event generators. To investigate this discrepancy, we perform a dedicated parton-level calculation of this observable, including contributions from fragmentation and large-angle radiation. Our results are in good agreement with all aspects of the experimental measurement.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Improving Swift-XRT positions of GRBs
Creators: name: Evans, P. A.
name: Beardmore, A. P.
name: Goad, M. R.
name: Osborne, J. P.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Gehrels, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since GRBs fade rapidly, it is important to publish accurate, precise positions at early times. For Swift-detected bursts, the best promptly available position is most commonly the X-ray Telescope (XRT) position. We present two processes, developed by the Swift team at Leicester, which are now routinely used to improve the precision and accuracy of the XRT positions reported by the Swift team. Both methods, which are fully automated, make use of a PSF-fitting approach which accounts for the bad columns on the CCD. The first method yields positions with 90% error radii <4.4" 90% of the time, within 10--20 minutes of the trigger. The second method astrometrically corrects the position using UVOT field stars and the known mapping between the XRT and UVOT detectors, yielding enhanced positions with 90% error radii of <2.8" 90% of the time, usually ~2 hours after the trigger.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of "Gamma Ray Bursts 2007, Santa Fe"
A Consecutive Lehmer Code for Parabolic Quotients of the Symmetric Group
Creators: name: Fang, Wenjie
name: Mühle, Henri
name: Novelli, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A19, 06B99

description: In this article we define an encoding for parabolic permutations that distinguishes between parabolic $231$-avoiding permutations. We prove that the componentwise order on these codes realizes the parabolic Tamari lattice, and conclude a direct and simple proof that the parabolic Tamari lattice is isomorphic to a certain $ν$-Tamari lattice, with an explicit bijection. Furthermore, we prove that this bijection is closely related to the map $Θ$ used when the lattice isomorphism was first proved in (Ceballos, Fang and Mühle, 2020), settling an open problem therein.
description: 26 pages, 2 tables, 9 figures. Comments are welcome. In version 2, we added a new section concerning Tamari lattices via Dyck paths, and show that our bijection is related to a well-known map exchanging two sequence statistics
Determinants of diet and physical activity (DEDIPAC): a summary of findings.
Creators: name: Brug, Johannes
name: Van Der Ploeg, Hidde P
name: Loyen, Anne
name: Ahrens, Wolfgang
name: Allais, Oliver
name: Andersen, Lene F
name: Cardon, Greet
name: Capranica, Laura
name: Chastin, Sebastien
name: De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse
name: De Craemer, Marieke
name: Donnelly, Alan
name: Ekelund, Ulf
name: Finglas, Paul
name: Flechtner-Mors, Marion
name: Hebestreit, Antje
name: Kubiak, Thomas
name: Lanza, Massimo
name: Lien, Nanna
name: MacDonncha, Ciaran
name: Mazzocchi, Mario
name: Monsivais, Pablo
name: Murphy, Marie
name: Nicolaou, Mary
name: Nöthlings, Ute
name: O'Gorman, Donal J
name: Renner, Britta
name: Roos, Gun
name: Van Den Berg, Matthijs
name: Schulze, Matthias B
name: Steinacker, Jürgen M
name: Stronks, Karien
name: Volkert, Dorothee
name: Lakerveld, Jeroen
name: DEDIPAC Consortium,
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017
Subjects: DEDIPAC consortium
Humans
Exercise
Diet
Cohort Studies
Health Behavior
Research
Europe
Sedentary Behavior
Diet, Healthy

description: The establishment of the Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity (DEDIPAC) Knowledge Hub, 2013–2016, was the first action taken by the ‘Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life’ European Joint Programming Initiative. DEDIPAC aimed to provide better insight into the determinants of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour across the life course, i.e. insight into the causes of the causes of important, non-communicable diseases across Europe and beyond. DEDIPAC was launched in late 2013, and delivered its final report in late 2016. In this paper we give an overview of what was achieved in terms of furthering measurement and monitoring, providing overviews of the state-of-the-art in the field, and building toolboxes for further research and practice. Additionally, we propose some of the next steps that are now required to move forward in this field, arguing in favour of 1) sustaining the Knowledge Hub and developing it into a European virtual research institute and knowledge centre for determinants of behavioural nutrition and physical activity with close links to other parts of the world; 2) establishing a cohort study of families across all regions of Europe focusing specifically on the individual and contextual determinants of major, non-communicable disease; and 3) furthering DEDIPAC’s work on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour policy evaluation and benchmarking across Europe by aligning with other international initiatives and by supporting harmonisation of pan-European surveillance.
Calculating four-loop tadpoles with one non-zero mass
Creators: name: Kniehl, Bernd A.
name: Kotikov, Anatoly V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient method to calculate tadpole diagrams is proposed. Its capability is demonstrated by analytically evaluating two four-loop tadpole diagrams of current interest in the literature, including their $O(ε)$ terms in $D=4-2ε$ space-time dimensions.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
TextGrids year 4
Creators: name: López Algoba, Soraida
name: Skilton, Amalia Horan
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: ore
subject: Máíhĩ̵̀kì language

description: All TextGrid files associated with the recordings of Soraida López Algoba made during year 4
New cosmological bounds on hot relics: Axions $\&$ Neutrinos
Creators: name: Giarè, William
name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
name: Mena, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axions, if realized in nature, can be copiously produced in the early universe via thermal processes, contributing to the mass-energy density of thermal hot relics. In light of the most recent cosmological observations, we analyze two different thermal processes within a realistic mixed hot-dark-matter scenario which includes also massive neutrinos. Considering the axion-gluon thermalization channel we derive our most constraining bounds on the hot relic masses $m_a < 7.46$ eV and $\sum m_ν< 0.114$ eV both at 95 per cent CL; while studying the axion-pion scattering, without assuming any specific model for the axion-pion interactions and remaining in the range of validity of the chiral perturbation theory, our most constraining bounds are improved to $m_a<0.91$ eV and $\sum m_ν< 0.105$ eV, both at 95 per cent CL. Interestingly, in both cases, the total neutrino mass lies very close to the inverted neutrino mass ordering prediction. If future terrestrial double beta decay and/or long baseline neutrino experiments find that the nature mass ordering is the inverted one, this could rule out a wide region in the currently allowed thermal axion window. Our results therefore strongly support multi-messenger searches of axions and neutrino properties, together with joint analyses of their expected sensitivities.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures. Version Published on MNRAS