Eryphanis zolvizora subsp. inca Blandin & Bristow & Neild & Sousa & Gareca & Huertas 2014, ssp. nov.
Creators: name: Blandin, Patrick
name: Bristow, Roger
name: Neild, Andrew
name: Sousa, Juan Carlos De
name: Gareca, Yuvinka
name: Huertas, Blanca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Hexapoda
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Eryphanis
Eryphanis zolvizora
Eryphanis zolvizora inca blandin

description: Eryphanis zolvizora inca Blandin ssp. nov.
Figs 4C, 10B, 11
Diagnosis
On the DFW, the R5-M1 orange mark is more or less faded, sometimes missing (Fig. 4C); HW projection slightly pronounced (Fig. 4C); VHW costal ocellus is circled by a brown incomplete ring without white scales (Fig. 4C); on VHW, the widest diamaeter of the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus averages 12mm (Fig 4C). The valva is regular, without swelling; the dorsal ridge bears a row of more than 6 spines, the size of which varies more or less regularly; gnathos is small (Figs 10B, 11).
Etymology
The holotype was collected by Dr. Gerardo Lamas close to Machu Picchu, the emblematic site of the famous Inca civilization, in the Cusco area.
Type material (14 specimens)
Holotype
PERU: ♂, white label printed in black: // PERU - CU [Cusco]- Aguas Calientes 2050 m 1309-7231 [13°09’S 72°31’W] 21.x. 2001 [21 Oct. 2001] G. Lamas // (MJP).
Paratypes
PERU: ♂, // S. Domingo, Carabaya [Peru] 6000 ft. [13°50’S 69°40’W], Janv.01 [Jan. 1901] Wet season (Ockenden) // BMNH (E) #806244 // B.M.(N.H) Rhopalocera VIAL No. 8223 // (BMNH); ♂, // S. Domingo, Carabaya [Peru], 4500 ft. [13°50’S 69°40’W], 01 [1901], Dry season, [Ockenden] // BMNH (E) #808079 // B.M.(N.H) Rhopalocera VIAL No. 8576 // (BMNH); ♂, // S. Domingo, Carabaya [Peru], 4500 ft., [13°50’S 69°40’W], 01 [1901]. Dry season. [Ockenden] // BMNH (E) # 808078 // (BMNH); ♂, // Inca Minas, Puno [Peru], [13°50’S 69°40’W], 1 Jul. 1900 // (AMNH); ♂, // Chirimayo, [Puno] S. E. Peru. VI.01 [Jun. 1901] Dry [dry season] (Ockenden) 1000 ft [13°27’S 70°18’W] // BMNH (E) # 808081 // (BMNH); ♂, // Inambari, [Puno] Peru // BMNH (E) # 525986 // (BMNH); ♂, // San Lorenzo, Río Marcapata, Cusco, Pérou [Peru] // PBB 2115 // (MNHN, PBB); ♂, // Llacatahuamán, Quebrada Bagre [Cusco, Peru], 1700 m, [12°52’S 73°30’W], 27/07/1998 [27 Jul. 1998], G. Valencia leg. (Cusco) // (MJP); ♂, // San Pedro, Cusco [Peru], 1400 m, [13°03’S 71°33’W], 4-8/xi 2007 [4-8 Nov. 2007], F. & A. West leg. // (MJP); ♂, // Alfamayo, route [road] Ollantaytambo-Quillabamba, Cusco, Pérou [Peru], M. Cabrera leg. // PBB 2184 // (MNHN, PBB); ♂, // Pérou Marchu Pijchu [sic] [Peru, Machu Picchu] alt. 2000m 10/7/1934 [10 Jul. 1934] A. Larichesy // IRSN IG 10 375 // IRSSNB; ♂, // PE. [Peru] 10 12 87 [10 Dec. 1987] Macchu Picchu [sic] [Machu Picchu] Coll. J. Dubois // (MNHN, CG); ♂, // Calabaza, Pampa Hermosa, Prov. Satipo, Junín, Pérou [Peru] 2200 m, [11°29’2.02”S 74°47’39.25’’W], Avril 2008 [Apr. 2008] // PBB 2308 // (MNHN, PBB).
Other material examined
Several specimens are not included as paratypes (data in Appendix 2), notably two males in MJP, labelled respectively “Rio Perené (Junín)” (genitalia MJPZOLV 005PB, MJP) and “Oxapampa (Pasco)” (genitalia MJPZOLV 007PB) as their localities are not reliable (Gerardo Lamas, pers. comm.).
Description
The FWL varies from 60 to 65 mm. The holotype FWL is 62 mm. The hindwing projection (average P = 4.4; n = 13; cf. Table 3) is more pronounced than in E. z. zolvizora, and less pronounced than in specimens from northern Peru (E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov.). On the DFW the R5-M1 orange mark is more or less faded, sometimes missing. The other orange marks are generally large; the violet iridescence is more pronounced on FW and HW than in E. z. zolvizora and in E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov.; the androconial patch is a creamy, pale citrus yellow (Fig. 4C). The background colour of the ventral surface, as in E. z. zolvizora, is less dark than in E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov.; on the VFW, the isolated white spot in the cell is of medium size, more or less oval, or irregular; there is no white spot in the angle formed by the cubital vein of the cell and Cu2, or it is very small; the inner margin of the distal white stripe on VFW, between Cu2 and 2A, generally forms a small, blunt tooth (Fig. 4C). On the VHW, the white stripes extend far beyond the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus, notably the distal one, which reaches vein 2A; in the cell the dark brown lines are generally developed as in E. z. zolvizora, but the dark brown curved line above the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus is sometimes absent; the costal ocellus is circled by a brown incomplete ring, a little paler than the median area and without white scales; the black ring is generally complete (Fig. 4C). On average, the VHW Cu1-Cu2 ocellus is as large as in E. z. zolvizora (Φ average value: 12.1 mm; n = 13; cf. Table 5) and larger than in all other subspecies. The genitalia do not present significant individual variations.
Flight periods
Specimens have been collected in January, April, June, July and October.
Distribution
Peru. E. z. inca ssp. nov. extends in southern and central Peru from Puno Department to Junín Department, and possibly to the south of Pasco Department.
description: Published as part of Blandin, Patrick, Bristow, Roger, Neild, Andrew, Sousa, Juan Carlos De, Gareca, Yuvinka & Huertas, Blanca, 2014, Revisiting the Andean butterfly Eryphanis zolvizora group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): one or several species?, pp. 1-66 in European Journal of Taxonomy 71 (71) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.71, http://zenodo.org/record/3834958