cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PHANGS--JWST First Results: ISM structure on the turbulent Jeans scale in four disk galaxies observed by JWST and ALMA
Creators: name: Meidt, Sharon E.
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Sun, Jiayi
name: Koch, Eric W.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Barnes, Ashley. T.
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Lee, Janice C.
name: van der Wel, Arjen
name: Watkins, Elizabeth J.
name: Williams, Thomas G.
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: Boquien, Médéric
name: Blanc, Guillermo A.
name: Cao, Yixian
name: Chevance, Mélanie
name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Egorov, Oleg V.
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Grasha, Kathryn
name: Henshaw, Jonathan D.
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Larson, Kirsten L.
name: Liu, Daizhong
name: Murphy, Eric J.
name: Pety, Jérôme
name: Querejeta, Miguel
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Sandstrom, Karin M.
name: Smith, Rowan J.
name: Sormani, Mattia C.
name: Thilker, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: JWST/MIRI imaging of the nearby galaxies IC 5332, NGC 628, NGC 1365 and NGC 7496 from PHANGS reveals a richness of gas structures that in each case form a quasi-regular network of interconnected filaments, shells and voids. We examine whether this multi-scale network of structure is consistent with the fragmentation of the gas disk through gravitational instability. We use FilFinder to detect the web of filamentary features in each galaxy and determine their characteristic radial and azimuthal spacings. These spacings are then compared to estimates of the most Toomre-unstable length (a few kpc), the turbulent Jeans length (a few hundred pc) and the disk scale height (tens of pc) reconstructed using PHANGS-ALMA observations of the molecular gas as a dynamical tracer. Our analysis of the four galaxies targeted in this work indicates that Jeans-scale structure is pervasive. Future work will be essential for determining how the structure observed in gas disks impacts not only the rate and location of star formation but also how stellar feedback interacts positively or negatively with the surrounding multi-phase gas reservoir.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Accepted as part of a PHANGS-JWST ApJL Focus Issue
Monitoring voltage collapse margin by measuring the area voltage across several transmission lines with synchrophasors
Creators: name: Ramirez, Lina
name: Dobson, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the fast monitoring of voltage collapse margin using synchrophasor measurements at both ends of transmission lines that transfer power from two generators to two loads. This shows a way to extend the monitoring of a radial transmission line to multiple transmission lines. The synchrophasor voltages are combined into a single complex voltage difference across an area containing the transmission lines that can be monitored in the same way as a single transmission line. We identify ideal conditions under which this reduction to the single line case perfectly preserves the margin to voltage collapse, and give an example that shows that the error under practical non-ideal conditions is reasonably small.
description: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, July 2014
Temperatures Near the Lunar Poles and Their Correlation With Hydrogen Predicted by LEND
Creators: name: Gläser, Philipp
name: Sanin, Anton
name: Williams, Jean‐Pierre
name: Mitrofanov, Igor
name: Oberst, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften
subject: water ice
subject: lunar poles
subject: surface temperatures
subject: LOLA
subject: LEND
subject: LRO

description: The lunar polar regions offer permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) representing the only regions which are cold enough for water ice to accumulate on the surface. The Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has mapped the polar regions for their hydrogen abundance which possibly resides there in the form of water ice. Neutron suppression regions (NSRs) are regions of excessive hydrogen concentrations and were previously identified using LEND data. At each pole, we applied thermal modeling to three NSRs and one unclassified region to evaluate the correlation between hydrogen concentrations and temperatures. Our thermal model delivers temperature estimates for the surface and for 29 layers in the sub‐surface down to 2 m depth. We compared our temperature maps at each layer to LEND neutron suppression maps to reveal the range of depths at which both maps correlate best. As anticipated, we find the three south polar NSRs which are coincident with PSRs in agreement with respective (near)‐surface temperatures that support the accumulation of water ice. Water ice is suspected to be present in the upper ≈19 cm layer of regolith. The three north polar NSRs however lie in non‐PSR areas and are counter‐intuitive as such that most surfaces reach temperatures that are too high for water ice to exist. However, we find that temperatures are cold enough in the shallow sub‐surface and suggest water ice to be present at depths down to ≈35–65 cm. Additionally we find ideal conditions for ice pumping into the sub‐surface at the north polar NSRs. The reported depths are observable by LEND and can, at least in part, explain the existence and shape of the observed hydrogen signal. Although we can substantiate the anticipated correlation between hydrogen abundance and temperature the converse argument cannot be made.
SSHOC Considerations for the Vocabulary Platforms - updates on vocabularies from WP3, WP4, WP5 and WP7
Creators: name: Petitfils, Clara
name: Larrousse, Nicolas
name: Wright, Holly
name: Cao, Isabelle
name: Bekiari, Chryssoula
name: Tykhonov, Slava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: SSHOC WP updates on vocabularies panel: Vocabulary Survey Vocabulary mapping tool for archaeology in ARIADNE plus Management of controlled vocabularies within the Aioli platform with the Opentheso tool BackBone Thesaurus, a model for thesauri interoperability How Dataverse supports external vocabularies
Mesoporous WCx Films with NiO‐Protected Surface: Highly Active Electrocatalysts for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Creators: name: Frisch, Marvin
name: Ye, Meng‐Yang
name: Hamid Raza, Muhammad
name: Arinchtein, Aleks
name: Bernsmeier, Denis
name: Gomer, Anna
name: Bredow, Thomas
name: Pinna, Nicola
name: Kraehnert, Ralph
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: atomic layer deposition
subject: electrocatalysis
subject: metal carbides
subject: mesoporous materials
subject: nickel

description: Metal carbides are promising materials for electrocatalytic reactions such as water electrolysis. However, for application in catalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), protection against oxidative corrosion, a high surface area with facile electrolyte access, and control over the exposed active surface sites are highly desirable. This study concerns a new method for the synthesis of porous tungsten carbide films with template‐controlled porosity that are surface‐modified with thin layers of nickel oxide (NiO) to obtain active and stable OER catalysts. The method relies on the synthesis of soft‐templated mesoporous tungsten oxide (mp. WOx) films, a pseudomorphic transformation into mesoporous tungsten carbide (mp. WCx), and a subsequent shape‐conformal deposition of finely dispersed NiO species by atomic layer deposition (ALD). As theoretically predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the highly conductive carbide support promotes the conversion of Ni2+ into Ni3+, leading to remarkably improved utilization of OER‐active sites in alkaline medium. The obtained Ni mass‐specific activity is about 280 times that of mesoporous NiOx (mp. NiOx) films. The NiO‐coated WCx catalyst achieves an outstanding mass‐specific activity of 1989 A gNi−1 in a rotating‐disc electrode (RDE) setup at 25 °C using 0.1 m KOH as the electrolyte.
Physical therapeutic modalities for postoperative rehabilitation of tendon transfers in massive rotator cuff tears: a scoping review
Creators: name: Méndez, Joaquín
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiotherapy
subject: Kinesiotherapy
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Physical Therapy

description: The purpose of this research is to identify, through a scoping review, the main parameters and outcomes of physical therapy modalities in tendon transfers postoperative rehabilitation for massive rotator cuff tear
Incremental QBF Solving
Creators: name: Lonsing, Florian
name: Egly, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of incrementally solving a sequence of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF). Incremental solving aims at using information learned from one formula in the process of solving the next formulae in the sequence. Based on a general overview of the problem and related challenges, we present an approach to incremental QBF solving which is application-independent and hence applicable to QBF encodings of arbitrary problems. We implemented this approach in our incremental search-based QBF solver DepQBF and report on implementation details. Experimental results illustrate the potential benefits of incremental solving in QBF-based workflows.
description: revision (camera-ready, to appear in the proceedings of CP 2014, LNCS, Springer)
Critical phenomena of static charged AdS black holes in conformal gravity
Creators: name: Xu, Wei
name: Zhao, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended thermodynamics of static charged AdS black holes in conformal gravity is analyzed. The $P-V$ criticality of these black holes has some unusual features. There exists a single critical point with critical temperature $T_c$ and critical pressure $P_c$. At fixed $T>T_c$ (or at fixed $P>P_c$), there are two zeroth order phase transition points but no first order phase transition points. The systems favors large pressure states at constant $T$, or high temperature states at constant $P$.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; published version
Visualizing The Evolution of Metadata
Creators: name: Gordon, Sean
name: Habermann, Ted
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: metadata
EML
evaluation
LTER
data analysis
community recommendations
community information needs
conceptual completeness

description: LTER is a community with many members. In 2004 the EML Best Practices for LTER Sites was released to help site data managers serve community information needs. Pasta provided a tool for consistent creation, evaluation and improvement starting in 2013.

We collected each sites’ metadata from the past 14 years and examined what percentage of records in the yearly collections from each site used the elements in the Best Practices to identify effects of the recommendation and toolkit over time.

To see if collections are improving, we plot element completeness on a radar chart from zero to one. The elements and levels are plotted clockwise from twelve o’clock. Below each plot is the completeness for the collection and number of records analyzed.
Spin wave spectra of single crystal CoPS$_3$
Creators: name: Wildes, A. R.
name: Fåk, B.
name: Hansen, U. B.
name: Enderle, M.
name: Stewart, J. R.
name: Testa, L.
name: Rønnow, H. M.
name: Kim, C.
name: Park, Je-Geun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin waves in single crystals of the layered van der Waals antiferromagnet CoPS$_3$ have been measured using inelastic neutron scattering. The data show four distinct spin wave branches with large ($\gtrsim 14$ meV) energy gaps at the Brillouin zone center indicating significant anisotropy. The data were modelled using linear spin wave theory derived from a Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Exchange interactions up to the third nearest-neighbour in the layered planes were required to fit the data with ferromagnetic $J_1 = -1.37$ meV between first neighbours, antiferromagnetic $J_3 = 3.0$ meV between third neighbours, and a very small $J_2 = 0.09$ meV between second neighbours. A biaxial single-ion anisotropy was required, with a collinear term $D^x = -0.77$ meV for the axis parallel to the aligned moment direction and a coplanar term $D^z=6.07$ meV for an axis approximately normal to the layered crystal planes.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
The Direct Mid-Infrared Detectability of Habitable-zone Exoplanets Around Nearby Stars
Creators: name: Werber, Zach
name: Wagner, Kevin
name: Apai, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant planets within the habitable zones of the closest several stars can currently be imaged with ground-based telescopes. Within the next decade, the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) will begin to image the habitable zones of a greater number of nearby stars with much higher sensitivity$-$ potentially imaging exo-Earths around the closest stars. To determine the most promising candidates for observations over the next decade, we establish a theoretical framework for the direct detectability of Earth$-$ to super-Jovian-mass exoplanets in the mid-infrared based on available atmospheric and evolutionary models. Of the 83 closest BAFGK type stars, we select 37 FGK type stars within 10 pc and 34 BA type stars within 30 pc with reliable age constraints. We prioritize targets based on a parametric model of a planet's effective temperature based on a star's luminosity, distance, and age, and on the planet's orbital semi-major axis, radius, and albedo. We then predict the most likely planets to be detectable with current 8-meter telescopes and with a 39-m ELT with up to 100 hours of observation per star. Putting this together, we recommend observation times needed for the detection of habitable-zone exoplanets spanning the range of very nearby temperate Earth-sized planets to more distant young giant planets. We then recommend ideal initial targets for current telescopes and the upcoming ELTs.
description: Responded to the first highly positive referee report
Entropy distribution and condensation in random networks with a given degree distribution
Creators: name: Anand, Kartik
name: Krioukov, Dimitri
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entropy of network ensembles characterizes the amount of information encoded in the network structure, and can be used to quantify network complexity, and the relevance of given structural properties observed in real network datasets with respect to a random hypothesis. In many real networks the degrees of individual nodes are not fixed but change in time, while their statistical properties, such as the degree distribution, are preserved. Here we characterize the distribution of entropy of random networks with given degree sequences, where each degree sequence is drawn randomly from a given degree distribution. We show that the leading term of the entropy of scale-free network ensembles depends only on the network size and average degree, and that entropy is self-averaging, meaning that its relative variance vanishes in the thermodynamic limit. We also characterize large fluctuations of entropy that are fully determined by the average degree in the network. Finally, above a certain threshold, large fluctuations of the average degree in the ensemble can lead to condensation, meaning that a single node in a network of size~$N$ can attract $O(N)$ links.
description: (9 pages, 1 figure)
Measuring neutron-star distances and properties with gravitational-wave parallax
Creators: name: Sieniawska, Magdalena
name: Jones, David Ian
name: Miller, Andrew Lawrence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave astronomy allows us to study objects and events invisible to electromagnetic waves. So far, only signals triggered by coalescing binaries have been detected. However, as the interferometers' sensitivities improve over time, we expect to observe weaker signals in the future, e.g. emission of continuous gravitational waves from spinning, isolated neutron stars. Parallax is a well-known method, widely used in electromagnetic astronomical observations, to estimate the distance to a source. In this work, we consider the application of the parallax method to gravitational-wave searches and explore possible distance estimation errors. We show that detection of parallax in the signal from a spinning down source can constrain the neutron star moment of inertia. For instance, we found that the relative error of the moment of inertia estimation is smaller than $10\%$ for all sources closer than 300 pc, for the assumed birth frequency of 700 Hz, ellipticity $\geq 10^{-7}$ and for two years of observations by the Einstein Telescope, assuming spin down due purely to quadrupolar gravitational radiation.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Self‐Supported Electrocatalysts for Practical Water Electrolysis
Creators: name: Yang, Hongyuan
name: Driess, Matthias
name: Menezes, Prashanth W.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: electrocatalysts
subject: hydrogen fuel
subject: practical application
subject: self‐supported
subject: water electrolysis

description: Over the years, significant advances have been made to boost the efficiency of water splitting by carefully designing economic electrocatalysts with augmented conductivity, more accessible active sites, and high intrinsic activity in laboratory test conditions. However, it remains a challenge to develop earth‐abundant catalysts that can satisfy the demands of practical water electrolysis, that is, outstanding all‐pH electrolyte capacity, direct seawater splitting ability, exceptional performance for overall water splitting, superior large‐current‐density activity, and robust long‐term durability. In this context, considering the features of increased active species loading, rapid charge, and mass transfer, a strong affinity between catalytic components and substrates, easily‐controlled wettability, as well as, enhanced bifunctional performance, the self‐supported electrocatalysts are presently projected to be the most suitable contenders for practical massive scale hydrogen generation. In this review, a comprehensive introduction to the design and fabrication of self‐supported electrocatalysts with an emphasis on the design of deposited nanostructured catalysts, the selection of self‐supported substrates, and various fabrication methods are provided. Thereafter, the recent development of promising self‐supported electrocatalysts for practical applications is reviewed from the aforementioned aspects. Finally, a brief conclusion is delivered and the challenges and perspectives relating to promotion of self‐supported electrocatalysts for sustainable large‐scale production of hydrogen are discussed.
Evaluation of Basement's Thermal Performance Against Thermal Comfort Model at Hot-arid Climates, Case Study (Egypt)
Creators: name: Press, IEREK
name: Kamel, Heba Hassan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 120101 Architectural Design
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120405 Models of Engineering Design
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 120508 Urban Design
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: Climate Science
subject: 40105 Climatology (excl. Climate Change Processes)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40104 Climate Change Processes

description: Reaching thermal comfort levels in hot-arid climates is becoming more difficult nowadays without the use of high energy consuming mechanical systems. Therefore, the need to use effective passive energy design techniques such as earth-sheltered buildings is becoming greater.
 This paper combines researches that uses monitoring and simulations in order to evaluate basements’ thermal performance that reached thermal comfort levels without active air-conditioning systems, despite the harsh climate conditions. The case study was conducted in Al-Minya city, Egypt, which is known for its high diurnal range. The study calibrated a non-conditioned basement simulation model versus the monitored data to simulate its thermal performance. The greatest challenge was to calculate the ground temperature. To do this successfully, we used an iterative approach between packages of the basement preprocessor and Energy Plus / Design Builder until reaching a convergence.
 The iterative method results showed significant agreement between the measured and modeled data; with a correlation of 98 percent and errors with mean bias error and normalized root mean square error of -1.0 and 7.6 percent; respectively. On the other hand, the Energy Plus method, integrating the Xing approach, showed significantly divergent results between the simulated models versus the measured data. The calibrated model analysis evaluation, using the Fanger’s thermal comfort model, showed satisfactory results within the thermal comfort sensation range.
 The research results significance indicates that the precise customized detailed iterative method is essential to create the needed inputs which subsequently lead to near-to-actual outputs compared with other ground-contact simulation methods. In fact, the precise customized detailed iterative method approach may be used as a benchmark for simulators for easy and precise ground temperatures’ calculations and earth-sheltered buildings’ simulations.
Comparing the roles of time overhead and spatial dimensions on optimal resetting rate vanishing transitions, in Brownian processes with potential bias and stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Ahmad, Saeed
name: Das, Dibyendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strategy of stochastic resetting is known to expedite the first passage to a target, in diffusive systems. Consequently, the mean first passage time is minimized at an optimal resetting parameter. With Poisson resetting, vanishing transitions in the optimal resetting rate $r_* \to 0$ (continuously or discontinuously) have been found for various model systems, under the further influence of an external potential. In this paper, we explore how the discontinuous transitions in this context are regulated by two other factors -- the first one is spatial dimensions within which the diffusion is embedded, and the second is the time delay introduced before restart. We investigate the effect of these factors by studying analytically two types of models, one with an ordinary drift and another with a barrier, and both types having two absorbing boundaries. In the case of barrier potential, we find that the effect of increasing dimensions on the transitions is quite the opposite of increasing refractory period.
Emotional Intelligence: Source of Self‐Efficacy Among College‐Level Instructors of Pakistan
Creators: name: Kazmi, Anjum Bano
name: Siddiqui, Ume‐Nabeela
name: Siddiqui, Sohni
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 370 Bildung und Erziehung
subject: emotional intelligence
subject: Pakistan
subject: instructors
subject: self-efficacy
subject: teachers

description: Perceived importance of emotional intelligence has increased significantly in the past few decades; thus, it is suggested for everyone to acquire adequate skills beyond theoretical or mechanical knowledge and make themselves emotionally fit and stable. The study is designed to provide an explanation for the shared results of teacher's self‐efficacy and their emotional intelligence. Two hundred and sixty‐four (101 males, 163 female) instructors from public colleges situated in Karachi, Pakistan, were selected through random sampling. Data gathered through emotional intelligence scale adapted from Daniel Goleman model of emotional scale and Bandura's instrument of teachers’ self‐efficacy. Hypothesis testing achieved through regression analysis using SPSS version 20 suggested that emotional intelligence directly and significantly affects self‐efficacy. In addition, age and years of experience of participants in particular field have indicated significant impact on emotional intelligence but self‐efficacy is influenced only by age, not by experience. It is also concluded from hypothesis testing that there is no association of emotional intelligence and self‐efficacy with gender of participants. It is suggested that amateur teachers’ self‐efficacy can be advanced through professional training, especially related to emotional intelligence.
Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions
Creators: name: Athron, Peter
name: Balázs, Csaba
name: Morris, Lachlan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate rarely explored details of supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions at the electroweak scale, which may lead to strong gravitational wave signals or explain the cosmic baryon asymmetry. The nucleation temperature is often used in phase transition analyses, and is defined through the nucleation condition: on average one bubble has nucleated per Hubble volume. We argue that the nucleation temperature is neither a fundamental nor essential quantity in phase transition analysis. We illustrate scenarios where a transition can complete without satisfying the nucleation condition, and conversely where the nucleation condition is satisfied but the transition does not complete. We also find that simple nucleation heuristics, which are defined to approximate the nucleation temperature, break down for strong supercooling. Thus, studies that rely on the nucleation temperature $\unicode{x2014}$ approximated or otherwise $\unicode{x2014}$ may misclassify the completion of a transition. Further, we find that the nucleation temperature decouples from the progress of the transition for strong supercooling. We advocate use of the percolation temperature as a reference temperature for gravitational wave production, because the percolation temperature is directly connected to transition progress and the collision of bubbles. Finally, we provide model-independent bounds on the bubble wall velocity that allow one to predict whether a transition completes based only on knowledge of the bounce action curve. We apply our methods to find empirical bounds on the bubble wall velocity for which the physical volume of the false vacuum decreases during the transition. We verify the accuracy of our predictions using benchmarks from a high temperature expansion of the Standard Model and from the real scalar singlet model.
description: 39 pages (46 with appendices), 8 figures
Highly compact Proca stars with quartic self-interactions
Creators: name: Aoki, Katsuki
name: Minamitsuji, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-gravitating bound states of a complex vector field, known as Proca stars, with a new type of quartic-order self-interaction which does not exist in the case of either a complex scalar field or a real vector field. Depending on the sign of the coupling constant, this quartic self-interaction can yield a distinct feature of Proca stars from the previously investigated self-interaction of the vector field. We find that self-gravitating solutions can be so compact that the photon sphere could form. However, we also show that the self-interaction gives rise to a ghost instability for the stars whose compactness is close that for the formation of a photon sphere, which might invalidate the formation of the photon sphere.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, the version to appear in PRD
Cosmic Web & Caustic Skeleton: non-linear Constrained Realizations -- 2D case studies
Creators: name: Feldbrugge, Job
name: van de Weygaert, Rien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic web consists of a complex configuration of voids, walls, filaments, and clusters, which formed under the gravitational collapse of Gaussian fluctuations. Understanding under what conditions these different structures emerge from simple initial conditions, and how different cosmological models influence their evolution, is central to the study of the large-scale structure. Here, we present a general formalism for setting up initial random density and velocity fields satisfying non-linear constraints for specialized N-body simulations. These allow us to link the non-linear conditions on the eigenvalue and eigenvector fields of the deformation tensor, as specified by caustic skeleton theory, to the current-day cosmic web. By extending constrained Gaussian random field theory, and the corresponding Hoffman-Ribak algorithm, to non-linear constraints, we probe the statistical properties of the progenitors of the walls, filaments, and clusters of the cosmic web. Applied to cosmological N-body simulations, the proposed techniques pave the way towards a systematic investigation of the evolution of the progenitors of the present-day walls, filaments, and clusters, and the embedded galaxies, putting flesh on the bones of the caustic skeleton. The developed nonlinear constrained random field theory is valid for generic cosmological conditions. For ease of visualization, the case study presented here probes the two-dimensional caustic skeleton.
description: 68 pages, 18 figures
Higgs as a Probe of Supersymmetric Grand Unification with the Hosotani Mechanism
Creators: name: Kakizaki, Mitsuru
name: Kanemura, Shinya
name: Taniguchi, Hiroyuki
name: Yamashita, Toshifumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supersymmetric grand unified theory where the SU(5) gauge symmetry is broken by the Hosotani mechanism predicts the existence of adjoint chiral superfields whose masses are at the supersymmetry breaking scale. The Higgs sector is extended with the SU(2)_L triplet with hypercharge zero and neutral singlet chiral multiplets from that in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Since the triplet and singlet chiral multiplets originate from a higher-dimensional vector multiplet, this model is highly predictive. Properties of the particles in the Higgs sector are characteristic and can be different from those in the Standard Model and other models. We evaluate deviations in coupling constants of the standard model-like Higgs boson and the mass spectrum of the additional Higgs bosons. We find that our model is discriminative from the others by precision measurements of these coupling constants and masses of the additional Higgs bosons. This model can be a good example of grand unification that is testable at future collider experiments such as the luminosity up-graded Large Hadron Collider and future electron-positron colliders.
description: 42 pages, 6 figures; comments added, reference added, version to appear in Physical Review D
Synthesis of Silylated Cyclobutanone and Cyclobutene Derivatives Involving 1,4‐Addition of Zinc‐Based Silicon Nucleophiles
Creators: name: Cui, Ming
name: Oestreich, Martin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: conjugate addition
subject: copper
subject: silicon
subject: synthetic methods
subject: zinc

description: A copper‐catalyzed conjugate silylation of various cyclobutenone derivatives with Me2PhSiZnCl ⋅ 2LiCl or (Me2PhSi)2Zn ⋅ xLiCl (x≤4) to generate β‐silylated cyclobutanones is reported. Trapping the intermediate enolate with ClP(O)(OPh)2 affords silylated enol phosphates that can be further engaged in Kumada cross‐coupling reactions to yield silylated cyclobutene derivatives.
Supersoft, luminous X-ray sources in galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Sacchi, Andrea
name: Risaliti, Guido
name: Miniutti, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are usually discovered at X-ray or optical wavelengths through their transient nature. A characteristic spectral feature of X-ray detected TDEs is a "supersoft" X-ray emission, not observed in any other extragalactic source, with the exception of a few, rapidly variable hyper-luminous X-ray sources (HLXs) or supersoft active galactic nuclei (AGN) that are however distinguishable by their optical emission. The goal of our work is to find extragalactic supersoft sources associated with galactic centres. We expect this category to include overlooked TDEs, supersoft AGN and nuclear HLXs. Finding such sources would allow for the study of extreme regime accretion on different black hole mass scales. We searched for supersoft X-ray sources (SSS) by cross-correlating optical and X-ray catalogues to select extragalactic near-nuclear sources and we then filtered for very steep spectra (photon index $Γ>3$) and high X-ray luminosities ($L_X>10^{41}$~erg~s$^{-1}$). With our blind search, we retrieved about 60 sources including 15 previously known supersoft AGN or TDEs, so demonstrating the efficiency of our selection. Of the remaining sample, 36 sources, although showing steeper-than-usual spectra, are optically classified as AGN. The remaining nine, previously unknown sources show spectral properties consistent with the emission by extremely soft-excess dominated AGN (five sources) or TDE (four sources). An {\it XMM-Newton} follow-up observation of one of these sources confirmed its likely TDE nature. Our work is the first attempt to discover TDEs by their spectral features rather than their variability and has been successful in retrieving known TDEs as well as discovering new extreme ultrasoft sources, including four new TDE candidates, one of which is confirmed via follow-up observations.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Temporal and latitudinal variations of Ca-K plage and network area: An implication to meridional flows
Creators: name: Priyal, Muthu
name: Singh, Jagdev
name: Ravindra, Belur
name: Sindhuja, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ca-K spectroheliograms obtained at the Kodaikanal observatory (KO) are used to generate a uniform time series using the equal contrast technique (ECT) to study the long and short-term variation in the solar chromosphere. The percentage of plage, Enhanced network (EN), Active network (AN), and Quiet network (QN) area at various latitudes is compared with the activity at 35$^{\circ}$ latitude and also with the sunspot number for the period of 1907 -- 1984. The values of phase differences indicate that the activity begins at $\sim$45$^{\circ}$ latitude and shift progressively to the lower latitude at a speed of $\sim$~9.4~m~sec$^{-1}$ . The shift speed slows down gradually and reaches $\sim$~3~m~sec$^{-1}$ at $\sim$5$^{\circ}$ latitude. No phase difference between the variations of Ca-K activity at 55$^{\circ}$, 65$^{\circ}$, and 75$^{\circ}$ latitude belts implies that changes in the activity are happening simultaneously. The analysis shows that the activity at polar latitude belts is anti-correlated with the sunspot number. This study indicates that a multi-cell meridional flow pattern could exist in the solar convection zone. One type of cell could transport the magnetic elements from mid-latitude to low-latitude belts through meridional flows, and the other one could be operating in the polar region.
Cosmological constraints on neutrinos after BICEP2
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Li, Yun-He
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) was detected by the BICEP2 experiment and an unexpectedly large tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r=0.20^{+0.07}_{-0.05}$, was found, the base standard cosmology should at least be extended to the 7-parameter $Λ$CDM+$r$ model. In this paper, we consider the extensions to this base $Λ$CDM+$r$ model by including additional base parameters relevant to neutrinos and/or other neutrino-like relativistic components. Four neutrino cosmological models are considered, i.e., the $Λ$CDM+$r$+$\sum m_ν$, $Λ$CDM+$r$+$N_{\rm eff}$, $Λ$CDM+$r$+$\sum m_ν$+$N_{\rm eff}$, and $Λ$CDM+$r$+$N_{\rm eff}$+$m_{ν,{\rm sterile}}^{\rm eff}$ models. We combine the current data, including the Planck temperature data, the WMAP 9-year polarization data, the baryon acoustic oscillation data, the Hubble constant direct measurement data, the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts data, the Planck CMB lensing data, the cosmic shear data, and the BICEP2 polarization data, to constrain these neutrino cosmological models. We focus on the constraints on the parameters $\sum m_ν$, $N_{\rm eff}$, and $m_{ν,{\rm sterile}}^{\rm eff}$. We also discuss whether the tension on $r$ between Planck and BICEP2 can be relieved in these neutrino cosmological models.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Low‐Temperature Correlation of Property Data for Dilute Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solution
Creators: name: Fleßner, Christian
name: Thraen, Leonard
name: Ziegler, Felix
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: lithium bromide
subject: surface tension
subject: thermal conductivity
subject: transport properties
subject: viscosity

description: A new correlation for some transport properties of aqueous solutions, based on the data published by Sawada et al. [1], is proposed. The main objective of the new fit is to give a smooth transition to the properties of pure water to allow the use of the fit in the region of very dilute solutions. Additionally, the quality of the fit to the experimental data is improved compared to the original correlation. An extrapolation of the new correlation in the other direction, i.e., to higher mass fractions and temperatures, is smooth but does not fully capture the trend described by other experimental datasets. To this end, the correlation has to be refined further.
Are perytons signatures of ball lightning?
Creators: name: Dodin, I. Y.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The enigmatic downchirped signals, called "perytons", that are detected by radio telescopes in the GHz frequency range may be produced by an atmospheric phenomenon known as ball lightning (BL). If BLs act as nonstationary radiofrequency cavities, their characteristic emission frequencies and evolution time scales are consistent with peryton observations, and so are general patterns in which BLs are known to occur. Based on this evidence, testable predictions are made that can confirm or rule out a causal connection between perytons and BLs. In either case, how perytons are searched for in observational data may warrant reconsideration, for existing procedures may be discarding events that has the same nature as known perytons.
Realization of a three-dimensional quantum Hall effect in a Zeeman-induced second order topological insulator on a torus
Creators: name: Hou, Zhe
name: Weber, Clara S.
name: Kennes, Dante M.
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Schoeller, Herbert
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
name: Pletyukhov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a realization of a quantum Hall effect (QHE) in a second-order topological insulator (SOTI) in three dimensions (3D), which is mediated by hinge states on a torus surface. It results from the nontrivial interplay of the material structure, Zeeman effect, and the surface curvature. In contrast to the conventional 2D- and 3D-QHE, we show that the 3D-SOTI QHE is not affected by orbital effects of the applied magnetic field and exists in the presence of a Zeeman term only, induced e.g. by magnetic doping. To explain the 3D-SOTI QHE, we analyze the boundary charge for a 3D-SOTI and establish its universal dependence on the Aharonov-Bohm flux threading through the torus hole. Exploiting the fundamental relation between the boundary charge and the Hall conductance, we demonstrate the universal quantization of the latter, as well as its stability against random disorder potentials and continuous deformations of the torus surface.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Topoisomerase I poison-triggered immune gene activation is markedly reduced in human small-cell lung cancers by impairment of the cGAS/STING pathway.
Creators: name: Marinello, Jessica
name: Arleo, Andrea
name: Russo, Marco
name: Delcuratolo, Maria
name: Ciccarelli, Francesca
name: Pommier, Yves
name: Capranico, Giovanni
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: Genetics & Genomics
Genome Integrity & Repair
Gene Expression
Computational & Systems Biology

description: BACKGROUND: Current immunotherapy strategies have contrasting clinical results in human lung cancer patients as small-cell lung cancers (SCLC) often show features of immunological cold tumours. Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) poisons are effective antitumor drugs with good efficacy against lung cancers. METHODS: We used molecular, genetic and bioinformatic approaches to determine the mechanism of micronuclei formation induced by two TOP1 poisons in different human cancer cells, including SCLC cell lines. RESULTS: TOP1 poisons stimulate similar levels of micronuclei in all tested cell lines but downstream effects can vary markedly. TOP1 poisons increase micronuclei levels with a mechanism involving R-loops as overexpression of RNaseH1 markedly reduces or abolishes both H2AX phosphorylation and micronuclei formation. TOP1 poison-induced micronuclei activate the cGAS/STING pathway leading to increased expression of immune genes in HeLa cells, but not in human SCLC cell lines, mainly due to lack of STING and/or cGAS expression. Moreover, the expression of STING and antigen-presenting machinery genes is generally downregulated in patient tumours of human lung cancer datasets. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our data reveal an immune signalling mechanism activated by TOP1 poisons, which is often impaired in human SCLC tumours.
Thermodynamic limit of the Nekrasov-type formula for E-string theory
Creators: name: Ishii, Takenori
name: Sakai, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a proof of the Nekrasov-type formula proposed by one of the authors for the Seiberg-Witten prepotential for the E-string theory on R^4 x T^2. We take the thermodynamic limit of the Nekrasov-type formula following the example of Nekrasov-Okounkov and reproduce the Seiberg-Witten description of the prepotential. The Seiberg-Witten curve obtained directly from the Nekrasov-type formula is of genus greater than one. We find that this curve is transformed into the known elliptic curve by a simple map. We consider the cases in which the low energy theory has E_8, E_7+A_1 or E_6+A_2 as a global symmetry.
description: 19 pages. v2: title and footnote 1 changed, typos corrected, version to appear in JHEP
Progress and challenges in the study of direct CP violation and γ determinations: summary of CKM 2018 working group V
Creators: name: Vos, Kimberley Keri
name: Perazzini, Stefano
name: Sevior, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Pure hadronic B decays are key players in the study of CP violation within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Improving the determination of the CKM angle γ is one of the important tasks in this endeavour. Besides, the full description of pure hadronic decays remains one of the challenges due to their strong interaction dynamics. In this summary, we discuss the recent results and progress on γ determinations and direct CP violation in pure hadronic B decays as presented at CKM 2018.
Linking environmental management and employees' organizational identification: The mediating role of environmental attitude
Creators: name: Jaich, Hans
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: corporate sustainability
subject: environmental management
subject: goal‐framing theory
subject: green‐person‐organization fit
subject: micro‐CSR
subject: organizational identification

description: The fundamental research question in the present study is whether perceived environmental management practices relate to employees' organizational identification. Specifically, it is hypothesized that this relationship is mediated by employees' environmental attitudes. The corresponding research model adopts a multi‐theoretical approach that combines two different theoretical lenses. Goal‐framing theory is introduced to predict whether perceived environmental management practices affect employees' environmental attitudes, while green‐person‐organization fit is applied to explain the relationship between employees' environmental attitudes and organizational identification. The research model was tested using a cross‐sectional research design with data from 206 employees from tourist service companies in Germany. The results, which largely support the research model, shed light on a thus far unexplored mechanism that mediates individual reactions to organizational practices and contrasts the more established proposition that employees first identify with their organization before they develop attitudes that are in accordance with corresponding ingroup norms. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
Progress and challenges in the study of direct CP violation and γ determinations: summary of CKM 2018 working group V
Creators: name: Vos, Kimberley Keri
name: Perazzini, Stefano
name: Sevior, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Pure hadronic B decays are key players in the study of CP violation within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Improving the determination of the CKM angle γ is one of the important tasks in this endeavour. Besides, the full description of pure hadronic decays remains one of the challenges due to their strong interaction dynamics. In this summary, we discuss the recent results and progress on γ determinations and direct CPviolation in pure hadronic B decays as presented at CKM 2018.