Additional file 1 of Enhanced voltage and capacitance in flexible supercapacitors using electrospun nanofiber electrolytes and CuNi2O3@N-Doped omnichannel carbon electrodes
Creators: name: Kumar, Ponnaiah Sathish
name: Bae, Jihoon
name: Roh, Jong Wook
name: Min, Yuho
name: Lee, Sungwon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Fig. S1: UHR-FE-SEM images of synthesized N-OCCFs produced with PAN: PMMA ratios of (a-c) 1:0.5, (d-f) 1:1, (g-i) 1:1.5, and (j-l) 1:2. Fig. S2: (a) Suggested ionic transfer mechanism in the PNNF electrolyte and (b-f) Optical images of the PNNF bending test at various angles. Fig. S3: (a) CV and (b) GCD analysis of symmetric SCs CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 electrode in the electrolytes of 2M LiCl, NaCl, and KCl. (c) Change in the specific capacitance values vs. different electrolytes with 1 A g-1 current density. (d) Nyquist plots for CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs with PMMA to PAN ratio (0.5 to 2) symmetric SCs in 2M NaCl electrolytes. (e) Zoomed-in view of the high-frequency region. Fig. S4: (a-c) Estimation of the "b" value for CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 in 2M LiCl, NaCl, and KCl using anodic peak currents. (d-f) Specific capacity versus the reciprocal of the square root of the scan rate. (g-i) Bar charts showing the capacitive and diffusion contributions to charge storage at varying scan rates for CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 in 2M LiCl, NaCl, and KCl. Fig. S5: (a-b) CV and GCD curves of various N-OCCFs electrodes in 2M NaCl electrolyte, and (c) specific capacitances of various N-OCCFs electrodes in 2M NaCl electrolyte. Fig. S6: Comparative CV (a-d) and GCD (e-h) curves for N-OCCFs (1:0.5-1:2) electrodes in 2M NaCl electrolyte, and specific capacitance vs. current density for N-OCCFs electrodes (1:0.5 (i), 1:1 (j), 1:1.5 (k), and 1:2 (l)) in 2M NaCl electrolyte. Fig. S7: Electrochemical performance of a three-electrode system: (a-b) CV curves at 50 mV s⁻¹ and GCD curves of N-OCCFs-1.5 and CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5. (c) Specific capacitance values are calculated at 2 A g⁻¹. (d-e) CV and GCD curves of all N-OCCFs samples in 2 M NaCl. (f) Specific capacitance values of all N-OCCFs derived from GCD profiles at 2 A g⁻¹. (g-h) CV and GCD curves of CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 (600 to 900 °C). (i) Specific capacitances of CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 at different temperatures. (j-k) Long-term cycling performance for the CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 and N-OCCFs-1.5 electrodes at 6.0 and 8.0 A g⁻¹ (final 5 GCD cycles). and (l) Capacitance retention vs. cycle number for CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 and N-OCCFs-1.5. Fig. S8: (a &amp; c) CVs and GCDs at different operating potential windows of the assembled CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5/PNLQ/N-OCCFs-1.5 device. (b &amp; d) Different measurements of CVs (5-300 mVs-1) and GCDs (1-12 A g-1) were conducted for CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5/PNLQ/N-OCCFs-1.5 electrodes (e) Specific capacitance vs. current density curve and (f) Cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency curve at 10.0 Ag-1 (inside: initial and final 5 GCD cycles). Fig. S9: (a &amp; c) CVs and GCDs at different operating potential windows of the assembled CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5/PNG/N-OCCFs-1.5 device. (b &amp; d) CV and GCD curves of CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5/PNG/N-OCCFs-1.5 were measured at different scan rates (5-100 mVs-1) and current densities (1-12 Ag-1). (e) Specific capacitance value vs. current density. (f) Long-term capacitance retention and Coulombic efficiency curve at 10.0 Ag-1 (inside initial and final 5 GCD cycles). Fig. S10: (a-b) Reproducibility test of the CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5/PNNF/N-OCCFs-1.5 device showing GCD graphs with calculated specific capacitance at 2 A g-1 across four electrodes. (c) Long-term capacitance retention at bending angles of 90° and 150° was measured at 10.0 A g-1 during the last five cycles of the GCD (inside). (d-e) UHR-SEM of N-OCCFs-1.5 and CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 and (f) TEM image of CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs-1.5 electrode after 6000 continuous GCD cycles at 10 A g-1. Table S1: Summary of N2 adsorption-desorption experiments for the CuNi2O3@N-OCCFs composite. Table S2: Specific capacitance values for CuNi2O3@OCCFs-1.5 nanocomposite in different electrolytes. Table S3: Specific capacitance values for negative N-OCCFs electrodes with PAN:PMMA ratio ranging from 1:0.5 to 1:2. Table S4. Comparative analysis of the electrochemical performance of ASC devices. Table S5: Comparison of the PNNF, PNG and PNLQ electrolyte