cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Physics-based animation of primate locomotion
Creators: name: Wang, Suwen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Quadrupedal animals commonly appear in films and video games, and their locomotion is of interests to several research and industrial communities. Because of the difficulty of handling and motion capturing these animals, physics-based animation is a promising method for synthesizing quadrupedal locomotion. In this thesis, we investigate control strategies for animating a gorilla model, as an example of primate quadrupeds. We review the state of the art in quadrupedal animation and robotics, and in particular a control framework designed for a simulated dog. We investigate the essential control strategy modifications as necessitated by the unique characteristics of gorilla morphology and locomotion style. We generate controllers for physically realistic walking and trotting gaits for a 3D gorilla model. We also rig a 3D mesh model of a gorilla with Maya, a commercial animation software. Gorilla gait motions are synthesized in our simulation using the rigged skeleton, and synthesized gaits are exported though a motion data pipeline back to Maya for rendering.
Educational Research Literature Reviews: Understanding the Hierarchy of Sources
Creators: name: Eaton, Sarah Elaine
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2018
Subjects: educational research
literature review
research methodology
hierarchy of sources

description: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide students of educational research with clear guidance on how to choose high quality sources for research papers and theses. Methods: Using an information-analysis approach, this evidence-based guide draws from social sciences research methodology literature. It addresses a gap in the literature by offering pragmatic guidance on how to engage in an informed decision-making process about what types of literature are appropriate for inclusion in educational research reports. Results: The primary outcome of this work is a clear, plain-language guide for students to help them build their understanding of the kinds of sources to include in a literature review. Implications: As a result of better understanding the types of sources that constitute a credible literature review, students may develop both their competence and confidence selecting appropriate sources for their research writing. Although written for an educational research audience, researchers in other disciplines may find it applicable.
Shape invariance in phase space
Creators: name: Rasinariu, Constantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shape invariance is a powerful solvability condition, that allows for complete knowledge of the energy spectrum, and eigenfunctions of a system. After a short introduction into the deformation quantization formalism, this paper explores the implications of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics and shape invariance techniques to the phase space formalism. We show that shape invariance induces a new set of relations between the Wigner functions of the system, that allows for their direct calculation, once we know one of them. The simple harmonic oscillator and the Morse potential are solved as examples.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; Typos corrected, references added, reformatted
SentiNet: Detecting Localized Universal Attack Against Deep Learning Systems
Creators: name: Chou, Edward
name: Tramer, Florian
name: Pellegrino, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: SentiNet is a novel detection framework for localized universal attacks on neural networks. These attacks restrict adversarial noise to contiguous portions of an image and are reusable with different images—constraints that prove useful for generating physically-realizable attacks. Unlike most other works on adversarial detection, SentiNet does not require training a model or preknowledge of an attack prior to detection. Our approach is appealing due to the large number of possible mechanisms and attack-vectors that an attack-specific defense would have to consider. By leveraging the neural network’s susceptibility to attacks and by using techniques from model interpretability and object detection as detection mechanisms, SentiNet turns a weakness of a model into a strength. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SentiNet on three different attacks—i.e., data poisoning attacks, trojaned networks, and adversarial patches (including physically realizable attacks)—and show that our defense is able to achieve very competitive performance metrics for all three threats. Finally, we show that SentiNet is robust against strong adaptive adversaries, who build adversarial patches that specifically target the components of SentiNet’s architecture.
title: Untersuchungen zu kinetischen Energiewandlern und Optimierungspotenziale von Zykloidalpropellern
title: Investigations on kinetic energy converters and optimization potentials of cycloidal propellers
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Metzger, Jens
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 624 Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik
subject: Wasserkraft
subject: Zykloidalpropeller
subject: Erneuerbare Energien
subject: Hydromechanik
subject: Wasserbau
subject: Wasserkraft
subject: Hydromechanik

description: Die Nutzung der Wasserkraft als grundlastfähiger Energielieferant leistet einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Umsetzung der Energiewende. Da Standorte zur großtechnischen Wasserkraft- nutzung in Deutschland nahezu vollständig erschlossen sind, wird das kinetische Wasser- kraftpotenzial der Fließgewässer und damit einhergehend geeignete Lösungen zur Ener- gieumwandlung immer bedeutender. Eine mögliche Lösung ist die Verwendung von Zyk- loidalpropellern, die wegen ihrer besonderen Kinematik vielfältig ohne Querverbauung in kinetischen Strömungen einsetzbar sind und somit den Zielen der EU-Wasserrahmenrichtli- nie zum Erreichen des mindestens guten Zustands der Fließgewässer nicht entgegenstehen. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit der Untersuchung, Optimierung sowie mit der Einord- nung der Technik der Zykloidalpropeller. Zu Beginn werden wichtige Begrifflichkeiten so- wie die theoretischen Grundlagen zur kinetischen Wasserkraftwandlung näher erörtert, auf denen die Erstellung der Arbeit basiert. Diese orientieren sich nach der Theorie der Wind- kraft, deren Gesetzmäßigkeiten auf einem inkompressiblen Medium zur Energieumwand- lung basieren, wodurch die Übertragbarkeit auf kinetische Wasserkraftwandler gegeben ist. Des Weiteren werden die bekanntesten Entwicklungen im Bereich der kinetischen Energie- wandlung dargestellt, womit die Einordnung der Technik der Zykloidalpropeller erfolgt. Im Zentrum der vorliegenden Arbeit stehen die Entwicklungs- und Optimierungsarbeiten am Strömungswandler StECon als Vertreter der Zykloidalpropeller, auf dessen Grundlage die Konstruktion eines verbesserten Prototyps sowie die Ermittlung aller wichtigen Betriebspa- rameter erfolgt. Am Prototyp wird darauffolgend das Leistungs- und Effizienzverhalten un- ter unterschiedlichen Strömungsbedingungen in der freien Strömung durch physikalische Untersuchungen an zwei Standorten ermittelt, wodurch anschließend die Einordnung der Zykloidalpropeller durch einen Vergleich mit anderen kinetischen Wasserkraftwandlern so- wie gängigen Windkraftwandlern ermöglicht wird. Abschließend erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Wirtschaftlichkeit für kinetische Wasserkraftwandler im Insel- und Netzbetrieb. Letzte- res dient zur Bewertung der Rentabilität von kinetischen Wasserkraftwandlern in Abhängig- keit von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit. Dieser Arbeit liefert somit einen wesentlichen Bei- trag zur Optimierung und Einordnung der Zykloidalpropeller sowie zur Wirtschaftlichkeit kinetischer Wasserkraftwandler.
Polarity
Creators: name: Tapia Carreto, Maria Veronica
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p. 53
description: This thesis comprises a composition for a percussion ensemble of four performers and an accompanying analytical essay. Entitled Polarity, the composition has five movements with a total duration of approximately eighteen minutes. The musical material comes from two fundamental sources. First, inspired by the theory of the Heptagram, a numerical series generates much of the composition's rhythmic, melodic and harmonic material. Second, two indigenous tunes, one from Canada and one from Mexico, occur in various transformations. The essay begins with an explanation of the context of the piece and its position within the composer's work. It then proceeds to a general description of the Heptagram theory that inspired the work. The major portion of the essay contains a detailed discussion of the form of the piece and its musical materials with examples and excerpts from the score.
Transabdominal and transvaginal egg retrieval guided by a vaginal ultrasound probe in an adenomyosis patient: a case report
Creators: name: Jia, Ruolin
name: Li, Zhen
name: Guan, Yichun
name: Zhang, Wen
name: Wang, Kexin
name: Yao, Zhuolin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: To explore a non-routine method of oocyte retrieval in patients with difficulty in obtaining oocytes via the vagina during a cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-embryo transfer (ET). We report the clinical data of one case of combined transabdominal and transvaginal egg retrieval with a vaginal ultrasound probe in a patient with adenomyosis undergoing IVF/ICSI for fertilization. A patient with infertility due to adenomyosis desired fertility. During vaginal ultrasound monitoring before ovulation induction, it was found that most of the pelvic cavity was occupied by the uterus. The uterus was (116 mm + 30 mm) × 110 mm × 108 mm and the right ovary was extremely high. The right ovary was not clear on transvaginal ultrasound but it could be displayed by abdominal ultrasound. The Cancer antigen 125(CA125)before starting the fertility cycle was 532.5 U/ml. On the 7th day of the cycle, she complained of mild pain and discomfort in the abdomen, and the size of the uterus was found to be (128 mm + 30 mm) × 125 mm × 110 mm, and her Cancer antigen 125(CA125) was 1109 U/ml. After a total of 13 days of stimulation, the eggs were retrieved. The ovum retrieval procedure used a vaginal ultrasound probe to guide retrieval of the eggs via puncture through the abdomen. A total of 12 and 9 mature eggs were obtained from the left and right ovaries, respectively, and 1 embryo and 9 blastocysts were frozen after insemination. The patient was undergoing treatment for adenomyosis, and no embryos had been transferred. Transabdominal ovum retrieval guided by a vaginal ultrasound probe is a feasible, effective, and safe method for obtaining oocytes for patients who cannot retrieve eggs vaginally. In the clinical work of IVF/ICSI fertility, it is necessary to obtain a thorough medical history and assess the patient’s condition before the cycle and conduct multidisciplinary consultation on difficult cases to improve the likelihood of pregnancy.
In-plane magnetic anisotropy of Fe atoms on Bi$_2$Se$_3$(111)
Creators: name: Honolka, J.
name: Khajetoorians, A. A.
name: Sessi, V.
name: Wehling, T. O.
name: Stepanow, S.
name: Mi, J. -L.
name: Iversen, B. B.
name: Schlenk, T.
name: Wiebe, J.
name: Brookes, N.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
name: Hofmann, Ph.
name: Kern, K.
name: Wiesendanger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The robustness of the gapless topological surface state hosted by a 3D topological insulator against perturbations of magnetic origin has been the focus of recent investigations. We present a comprehensive study of the magnetic properties of Fe impurities on a prototypical 3D topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ using local low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and integral x-ray magnetic circular dichroism techniques. Single Fe adatoms on the Bi$_2$Se$_3$ surface, in the coverage range $\approx 1%$ are heavily relaxed into the surface and exhibit a magnetic easy axis within the surface-plane, contrary to what was assumed in recent investigations on the opening of a gap. Using \textit{ab initio} approaches, we demonstrate that an in-plane easy axis arises from the combination of the crystal field and dynamic hybridization effects.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected
Farmers' Use of Cash Forward Contracts, Futures Contracts, and Commodity Options
Creators: name: Paul, Allen B.
name: Heifner, Richard G.
name: Gordon, J. Douglas
name: Paul, Allen B.
name: Heifner, Richard G.
name: Gordon, J. Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Forward contracts
subject: futures trading
subject: commodity options
subject: deferred pricing
subject: formula pricing
subject: price risk
subject: price instability

description: Unstable farm prices can spur farmers' interest in the various forms of forward selling. Forward selling, which involves selling crops or livestock in advance of delivery, enables farmers to reduce the risk that the price they get for their output might not cover the costs of their inputs and to assure outlets for highly specialized or perishable products. Among the various forms of forward selling are cash forward contracts, futures contracts, and commodity options. This report describes different types of forward contracts, the factors a farmer should consider, and the major pitfalls involved.
High Bandwidth Pickup Design for Bunch Arrival-time Monitors for Free-Electron Laser
Creators: name: Angelovski, Aleksandar
name: Kuhl, Alexander
name: Hansli, Matthias
name: Penirschke, Andreas
name: Schnepp, Sascha M.
name: Bousonville, Michael
name: Schlarb, Holger
name: Bock, Marie Kristin
name: Weiland, Thomas
name: Jakoby, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the design and realization of high bandwidth pickup electrodes with a cutoff frequency above 40 GHz. The proposed cone-shaped pickups are part of a bunch arrival-time monitor (BAM) designed for high (> 500 pC) and low (20 pC) bunch charge operation mode providing for a time resolution of less than 10 fs for both operation modes. The proposed design has a fast voltage response, low ringing, and a resonance-free spectrum. For assessing the influence of manufacturing tolerances on the performance of the pickups, an extensive tolerance study has been performed via numerical simulations. A non-hermetic model of the pickups was built for measurement and validation purposes. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreement and demonstrate the capability of the proposed pickup system to meet the given specifications.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PRSTAB
How Landscape Filters Local Abundance: A Test of the Body Size-Foraging Range Hypothesis in Bumble Bees
Creators: name: Retzlaff, Jennifer Leigh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Bumble bee
subject: Functional ecology
subject: Body size
subject: Landscape Filtering
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Entomology

description: For central place foragers, foraging range increases with body size. This is true for eusocial pollinators such as bumble bees, for whom body size dictates the maximum distance to which foragers can travel from their nest. Body size should therefore influence the size of landscape over which floral resources are accessible, and indirectly affect local abundance. Given this dispersal constraint, landscape should be an environmental filter for bees based on their body size, resulting in a size-based distribution of abundances in the local bee community reflecting the distance-based availability of resources. In this way, the abundance of bumble bees should reflect landscape composition. I found that the abundance of queens in Southern Alberta was related to an interaction between the amount of semi-natural land cover (a measure of foraging resources for bees) at two spatial scales: near the nest (local; 0 – 500 m) and further afield (broad; 500 – 2000 m). Small queens were more abundant when local availability of semi-natural land was moderate or high, and broad availability of semi-natural land was at low or moderate. The converse was not true: large queens were not more abundant when local resources were poor, and broad resources high. Worker abundance increased with local semi-natural land cover, but surprisingly showed no sign of this relationship being mediated by body size, suggesting that landscape composition influences the body size composition of bumble bee communities primarily during the nest establishment phase by queens. I conclude that the body size-foraging range hypothesis is generally unsupported in my system, but the hypothesis received partial support in the case of small-bodied queen bumble bees being more abundant when amount of local semi-natural habitat was high.
Dressed test particles, oscillation centres and pseudo-orbits
Creators: name: Dewar, R. L.
name: Leykam, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general semi-analytical method for accurate and efficient numerical calculation of the dielectrically screened ("dressed") potential around a non-relativistic test particle moving in an isotropic, collisionless, unmagnetised plasma is presented. The method requires no approximations and is illustrated using results calculated for two cases taken from the MSc thesis of the first author: test particles with velocities above and below the ion sound speed in plasmas with Maxwellian ions and warm electrons. The idea that the fluctuation spectrum of a plasma can be described as a superposition of the fields around \emph{non-interacting} dressed test particles is an expression of the quasiparticle concept, which has also been expressed in the development of the oscillation-centre and pseudo-orbit formalisms.
description: 14 pages to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion for publication with a cluster of papers associated with workshop Stability and Nonlinear Dynamics of Plasmas, October 31, 2009 Atlanta, GA on occasion of the 65th birthday of R.L. Dewar. Version 2: Reference [27] added in Sec. 5. Version 3: Revised in response to referees
Near-infrared LIF spectroscopy of HfF
Creators: name: Grau, Matt
name: Leanhardt, Aaron E.
name: Loh, Huanqian
name: Sinclair, Laura C.
name: Stutz, Russel P.
name: Yahn, Tyler S.
name: Cornell, Eric A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The molecular ion HfF$^+$ is the chosen species for a JILA experiment to measure the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). Detailed knowledge of the spectrum of HfF is crucial to prepare HfF$^+$ in a state suitable for performing an eEDM measurement\cite{Leanhardt}. We investigated the near-infrared electronic spectrum of HfF using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of a supersonic molecular beam. We discovered eight unreported bands, and assign each of them unambiguously, four to vibrational bands belonging to the transition $[13.8]0.5 \leftarrow X1.5$, and four to vibrational bands belonging to the transition $[14.2]1.5 \leftarrow X1.5$. Additionally, we report an improved measurement of vibrational spacing of the ground state, as well as anharmonicity $ω_e x_e$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Analysis of Policies to Conserve Soil and Reduce Surplus Crop Production
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Acreage reduction
subject: conservation reserve
subject: cross-compliance
subject: production adjustment
subject: program consistency
subject: soil conservation

description: Long-term acreage retirement and conservation-oriented commodity programs have potential for increasing soil conservation while reducing surplus crop production. Current commodity programs tend to discourage conservation. Retirement of land eroding at the highest rates would save the most soil but cost the Government more than other retirement options. Retirement of surplus crop acres targeted to highly erodible land could be cost-effective for both conservation and commodity program objectives. Cross-compliance would not promise widespread conservation benefits and might reduce commodity program effectiveness, but compliance incentives and modest changes in commodity programs could complement other soil protection measures.
Constrained Concealment Attacks against Reconstruction-based Anomaly Detectors in Industrial Control Systems
Creators: name: Erba, Alessandro
name: Taormina, Riccardo
name: Galelli, Stefano
name: Pogliani, Marcello
name: Carminati, Michele
name: Zanero, Stefano
name: Tippenhauer, Nils Ole
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Recently, reconstruction-based anomaly detection was proposed as an effective technique to detect attacks in dynamic industrial control networks. Unlike classical network anomaly detectors that observe the network traffic, reconstruction-based detectors operate on the measured sensor data, leveraging physical process models learned a priori. In this work, we investigate different approaches to evade prior-work reconstruction-based anomaly detectors by manipulating sensor data so that the attack is concealed. We find that replay attacks (commonly assumed to be very strong) show bad performance (i.e., increasing the number of alarms) if the attacker is constrained to manipulate less than 95% of all features in the system, as hidden correlations between the features are not replicated well. To address this, we propose two novel attacks that manipulate a subset of the sensor readings, leveraging learned physical constraints of the system. Our attacks feature two different attacker models: A whitebox attacker, which uses an optimization approach with a detection oracle, and a blackbox attacker, which uses an autoencoder to translate anomalous data into normal data. We evaluate our implementation on two different datasets from the water distribution domain, showing that the detector's Recall drops from 0.68 to 0.12 by manipulating 4 sensors out of 82 in WADI dataset. In addition, we show that our blackbox attacks are transferable to different detectors: They work against autoencoder-, LSTM-, and CNN-based detectors. Finally, we implement and demonstrate our attacks on a real industrial testbed to demonstrate their feasibility in real-time.
Analytic study of Gauss-Bonnet holographic superconductors in Born-Infeld electrodynamics
Creators: name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
name: Roychowdhury, Dibakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Sturm-Liouville (SL) eigenvalue problem, we investigate several properties of holographic s-wave superconductors in Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Born-Infeld electrodynamics in the probe limit. Our analytic scheme has been found to be in good agreement with the numerical results. From our analysis it is quite evident that the scalar hair formation at low temperatures is indeed affected by both the Gauss-Bonnet as well as the Born-Infeld coupling parameters. We also compute the critical exponent associated with the condensation near the critical temperature. The value of the critical exponent thus obtained indeed suggests a universal mean field behavior.
description: 9 pages, Latex, minor modifications, To appear in JHEP
EMW shielding considerations in building design
Creators: name: Hakgudener, Serhan
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Education--Health
subject: Education--Technology
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Public Health
subject: Chemistry--Radiation
subject: Electricity and Magnetism

description: Providing healthy and effective wireless communication in the building environment is a challenge among architects and wireless network designers, due to physical indoor environmental factors. Wireless communication systems emit high-frequency waves both inside buildings and in the free space around us. There are a variety of EMW sources covering a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, spanning the frequency range from Hz to several hundred GHz. In building design, there are diverse approaches to provisions of wireless communication and constant innovation; however, the construction materials and EMW propagation relationship remain a secondary consideration. This research evaluates current power intensity levels range from 5 Hz to 10 GHz in building environments and develops guidelines for design professionals based upon an understanding of conventional building material properties. The research site survey that I conducted in the Calgary area, suggested in some cases, power spectral densities in building environments rose to levels that could possibly a problem. Incorporation of newly developed guidelines and security controls such as shielding, provided in this study, may prevent data confidentiality compromise in transit (e.g. eavesdropping) and prevent data integrity compromise in transit (e.g. hacking) for wireless communication systems in building environments. In this research, I develop the concept that effective EMW shielding can be achieved using conventional construction materials. The results of this study have significant implications for architectural design. The design method would reduce high power spectral densities by improving EMW shielding. Ultimately, I would like to see the developed shielding method in building codes and used in building projects all over the world.
Projectagon-based reachability analysis for circuit-level formal verification
Creators: name: Yan, Chao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation presents a novel verification technique for analog and mixed signal circuits. Analog circuits are widely used in many applications include consumer electronics, telecommunications, medical electronics. Furthermore, in deep sub-micron design, physical effects might undermine common digital abstractions of circuit behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic methodologies to formally verify hardware design using circuit-level models. We present a formal method for circuit-level verification. Our approach is based on translating verification problems to reachability analysis problems. It applies nonlinear ODEs to model circuit dynamics using modified nodal analysis. Forward reachable regions are computed from given initial states to explore all possible circuit behaviors. Analog properties are checked on all circuit states to ensure full correctness or find a design flaw. Our specification language extends LTL logic with continuous time and values and applies Brockett’s annuli to specify analog signals. We also introduced probability into the specification to support practical analog properties such as metastability behavior. We developed and implemented a reachability analysis tool COHO for a simple class of moderate-dimensional hybrid systems with nonlinear ODE dynamics. COHO employs projectagons to represent and manipulate moderate-dimensional, non-convex reachable regions. COHO solves nonlinear ODEs by conservatively approximating ODEs as linear differential inclusions. COHO is robust and efficient. It uses arbitrary precision rational numbers to implement exact computation and trims projectagons to remove infeasible regions. To improve performance and reduce error, several techniques are developed, including a guess-verify strategy, hybrid computation, approximate algorithms, and so on. The correctness and efficiency of our methods have been demonstrated by the success of verifying several circuits, including a toggle circuit, a flip-flop circuit, an arbiter circuit, and a ring-oscillator circuit proposed by researchers from Rambus Inc. Several important properties of these circuits have been verified and a design flaw was spotted during the toggle verification. During the reachability computation, we recognized new problems (e.g., stiffness) and proposed our solutions to these problems. We also developed new methods to analyze complex properties such as metastable behaviors. The combination of these methods and reachability analysis is capable of verifying practical circuits.
The Physical Basis for Long-lived Electronic Coherence in Photosynthetic Light Harvesting Systems
Creators: name: Pachon, Leonardo A.
name: Brumer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical basis for observed long-lived electronic coherence in photosynthetic light-harvesting systems is identified using an analytically soluble model. Three physical features are found to be responsible for their long coherence lifetimes: i) the small energy gap between excitonic states, ii) the small ratio of the energy gap to the coupling between excitonic states, and iii) the fact that the molecular characteristics place the system in an effective low temperature regime, even at ambient conditions. Using this approach, we obtain decoherence times for a dimer model with FMO parameters of $\approx$ 160 fs at 77 K and $\approx$ 80 fs at 277 K. As such, significant oscillations are found to persist for 600 fs and 300 fs, respectively, in accord with the experiment and with previous computations. Similar good agreement is found for PC645 at room temperature, with oscillations persisting for 400 fs. The analytic expressions obtained provide direct insight into the parameter dependence of the decoherence time scales.
description: 5 figures; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. (2011)
Effects of the Modified Uncertainty Principle on the Inflation Parameters
Creators: name: Majumder, Barun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we study the effects of the Modified Uncertainty Principle as proposed in [8] on the inflationary dynamics of the early universe in both standard and Randall-Sundrum type II scenarios. We find that the quantum gravitational effect increase the amplitude of density fluctuation, which is oscillatory in nature, with an increase in the tensor-to-scalar ratio.
description: new references added
Electroluminescence in photovoltaic cell
Creators: name: Petraglia, Antonio
name: Nardone, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we propose two methods to get electroluminescence images from photovoltaic cells in a school or home lab.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
title: Io sono foglia – Erzählen mit Bilderbüchern in mehrsprachigen Kontexten. Das Südtiroler Projekt IMAGO
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Jeanette
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: Die Studie IMAGO. Bilderbücher – mehrsprachig, gereimt und textlos – in Kindergärten und Grundschulen in Südtirol hat das Ziel, die Bedeutung von Bilderbüchern für den kindlichen Sprach- und Literaturerwerb in einer sprachlich-kulturell heterogenen Region zu beleuchten. Vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund von Narrativität, Materialität, Sozialökologie, Multilingualität und Multimodalität werden literale und literarische Praktiken mit unterschiedlich erzählenden Bilderbüchern in deutsch-, italienisch- und ladinischsprachigen Bildungseinrichtungen rekonstruiert. Neben der ethnografischen Beobachtung der Rezeptionssituationen werden fokussierte Interviews mit Kindern, Pädagog:innen und Lehrer:innen geführt. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert das Forschungsdesign der Studie und gibt Einblicke in die erste Erhebungsphase an einer deutschsprachigen Grundschule. Ausgewählte key incidents zeigen Potentiale von Bilderbüchern für sprachlich-literarisches Lernen im Italienisch als Zweitsprachenunterricht auf.
IMPROVING SPEAKING COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS IN KARAKALPAK GROUPS OF ACADEMIC LYCEUMS
Creators: name: Temirkhanova, Zumrad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The development of speech competence is a crucial aspect of English language acquisition, particularly for students in Karakalpak groups at academic lyceums. This article explores the challenges faced by Karakalpak students in improving their spoken English, including linguistic interference, limited exposure, and motivational barriers. The study provides practical strategies to enhance students' speaking skills. Key methods discussed include communicative language teaching (CLT), the integration of technology, and task-based learning approaches. The article also highlights the importance of curriculum adjustments, teacher training, and extracurricular activities in fostering effective language acquisition. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive, culturally sensitive approach to improving speech competence, ensuring students' readiness for global communication and academic success.
Computational plenoptic image acquisition and display
Creators: name: Wetzstein, Gordon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Recent advances in camera technology, computing hardware, and optical fabrication have led to the emergence of computational photography, a field exploring the joint design of optical light modulation and computational processing. While conventional cameras record two-dimensional images, the "ultimate" computational camera would capture all visual information with a single shot. The amount of control over such high-dimensional data is unprecedented: dynamic range, depth of field, focus, colour gamut, and time scale of a photograph can be interactively controlled in post-processing. Required visual properties include the colour spectrum as well as spatial, temporal, and directional light variation - the plenoptic function. Unfortunately, digital sensors optically integrate over the plenoptic dimensions; most of the desired information is irreversibly lost in the process. We explore the multiplexed acquisition of the plenoptic function in this thesis. For this purpose, we introduce a mathematical framework that models plenoptic light modulation and corresponding computational processing. This framework not only allows us to evaluate and optimize the optical components of computational cameras, but also subsequent reconstructions. The combined design of optical modulation and computational processing is not only useful for photography, displays benefit from similar ideas. Within this scope, we propose multi-layer architectures and corresponding optimization schemes for glasses-free 3D display. Compared to conventional automultiscopic displays, our devices optimize brightness, resolution, and depth of field while preserving thin form factors. In a different application, adaptive coded apertures are introduced to projection displays as next-generation auto-iris systems. Combined with computational processing that exploits limitations of human perception, these systems increase the depth of field and temporal contrast of conventional projectors. With computational optics, integrated into sunglasses or car windshields, the capabilities of the human visual system can be extended. By optically modulating perceived intensities and colours, we demonstrate applications to contrast manipulation, preattentive object detection, and visual aids for the colour blind. Finally, we introduce computational probes as high-dimensional displays designed for computer vision applications, rather than for direct view. These probes optically encode refraction caused by transparent phenomena into observable changes in colour and intensity. Novel coding schemes enable single-shot reconstructions of transparent, refractive objects.
Revised self-consistent continuum solvation in electronic-structure calculations
Creators: name: Andreussi, Oliviero
name: Dabo, Ismaila
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solvation model proposed by Fattebert and Gygi [Journal of Computational Chemistry 23, 662 (2002)] and Scherlis et al. [Journal of Chemical Physics 124, 074103 (2006)] is reformulated, overcoming some of the numerical limitations encountered and extending its range of applicability. We first recast the problem in terms of induced polarization charges that act as a direct mapping of the self-consistent continuum dielectric; this allows to define a functional form for the dielectric that is well behaved both in the high-density region of the nuclear charges and in the low-density region where the electronic wavefunctions decay into the solvent. Second, we outline an iterative procedure to solve the Poisson equation for the quantum fragment embedded in the solvent that does not require multi-grid algorithms, is trivially parallel, and can be applied to any Bravais crystallographic system. Last, we capture some of the non-electrostatic or cavitation terms via a combined use of the quantum volume and quantum surface [Physical Review Letters 94, 145501 (2005)] of the solute. The resulting self-consistent continuum solvation (SCCS) model provides a very effective and compact fit of computational and experimental data, whereby the static dielectric constant of the solvent and one parameter allow to fit the electrostatic energy provided by the PCM model with a mean absolute error of 0.3 kcal/mol on a set of 240 neutral solutes. Two parameters allow to fit experimental solvation energies on the same set with a mean absolute error of 1.3 kcal/mol. A detailed analysis of these results, broken down along different classes of chemical compounds, shows that several classes of organic compounds display very high accuracy, with solvation energies in error of 0.3-0.4 kcal/mol, whereby larger discrepancies are mostly limited to self-dissociating species and strong hydrogen-bond forming compounds.
description: The following article has been accepted by The Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at http://link.aip.org/link/?jcp/
Body Shape Privacy in Images: Understanding Privacy and Preventing Automatic Shape Extraction
Creators: name: Sattar, Hosnieh
name: Krombholz, Katharina
name: Pons-Moll, Gerard
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Modern approaches to pose and body shape estimation have recently achieved strong performance even under challenging real-world conditions. Even from a single image of a clothed person, a realistic looking body shape can be inferred that captures a users' weight group and body shape type well. This opens up a whole spectrum of applications -- in particular in fashion -- where virtual try-on and recommendation systems can make use of these new and automatized cues. However, a realistic depiction of the undressed body is regarded highly private and therefore might not be consented by most people. Hence, we ask if the automatic extraction of such information can be effectively evaded. While adversarial perturbations have been shown to be effective for manipulating the output of machine learning models -- in particular, end-to-end deep learning approaches -- state of the art shape estimation methods are composed of multiple stages. We perform the first investigation of different strategies that can be used to effectively manipulate the automatic shape estimation while preserving the overall appearance of the original image.
Prosodic marking of case and word order in Turkish sentences
Creators: name: Ergin, Mehmet Yarkin
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: A crucial step in determining the meaning of a sentence is identifying the grammatical roles of the phrases and mapping thematic roles onto them. There are (at least) five types of cues that could potentially facilitate sentence processing: propositional content, discourse context, overt case-marking, word order, and prosody. We investigated whether the way people produce spoken utterances depends on the consistency, reliability and robustness of these cues. To date, most research on spoken language production and processing has been done on languages like English that have relatively strict word order and impoverished morphology with little research on languages with flexible word order and rich morphology. The research presented in this thesis addresses this gap by investigating the production of spoken Turkish, a language with flexible word order and rich morphology. In Turkish, sentences that have scrambled word order or lack overt object case-marking are temporarily ambiguous (i.e., garden-path sentences). We had nine Turkish speakers read aloud SOV sentences (i.e., sentences with default word order) and OVS sentences (i.e., sentences with scrambled word order) that did or did not have overt object case-marking. We found that there were prosodic differences between casemarked and non-casemarked sentences and between scrambled and non-scrambled sentences. These findings suggest that Turkish speakers prosodically mark grammatical roles when morphosyntactic cues like word order and case-marking are absent. We discuss some possible linguistic, psycholinguistic and information theoretic reasons for the observed prosodic differences, and outline future studies that could distinguish among these accounts.
Systematic Study of Parameters Affecting Unconventional Magnetism in Gold Nanostructures
Creators: name: Dong, Pengcheng
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: nanoparticle
subject: magnetism
subject: gold
subject: thin-film
subject: thiol
subject: Education--Sciences

description: In this exploratory study we seek to make sense of the conflicting results and interpretations of the novel magnetism of gold, by isolating two variables for testing. They are molecular dipole moment of the thiol that forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold nanoparticles and thin-films, and roughness of gold thin-films. The first variable is chosen because the dipole moment of the thiol is believed to affect the ease of charge redistribution from gold to the SAM. The second variable is studied because the domain size of the SAM has been suggested to influence the magnetism of coated gold surfaces, and because nanostructuring of gold could be a source of magnetism itself. In this thesis we study a series of gold nanoparticles coated by different thiols, a series of flat gold thin-films coated by different alkanethiols, and finally, a series of highly porous gold thin-films, which can also be coated by thiols. The first series shows that magnetism of Au NPs does relate to the thiol used to coat it, and that the effect of an electron-withdrawing terminal group of the thiol is much greater than its chain length. The second series establishes that thiolate-coated gold thin-films are indeed magnetic, a notion previously debated. It shows the thin-films to be soft ferromagnets, with evidence emerging for the existence of ferromagnetic exchange in them. The third series finds highly anisotropic magnetization in thiolate-coated nanoporous gold, and shows that the nanoporous gold to be not only magnetic without any coating, but to display magneto-optical Kerr effect as well, which proves the existence of spin polarization in the nanoporous gold. In order to create novel gold nanostructures, low-potential anodization of gold in oxalic acid is studied with the goal of deducing mechanism and improving applicability. Oxalic acid is shown not to be the uniquely suitable electrolyte, with the finding of hydroquinone as a replacement, offering support to our model involving a gold complex participating in catalysis.
Bottomonia suppression in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Song, Taesoo
name: Han, Kyong Chol
name: Ko, Che Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the two-component model that includes both initial production from nucleon-nucleon hard scattering and regeneration from produced quark-gluon plasma (QGP), we study the effect of medium modifications of the binding energies and radii of bottomonia on their production in heavy-ion collisions. We find that the contribution to bottomonia production from regeneration is small and the inclusion of medium effects is generally helpful for understanding the observed suppression of bottomonia production in experiments carried out at both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Sodbusting: Land Use Change and Farm Programs
Creators: name: Heimlich, Ralph E.
name: Heimlich, Ralph E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land conversion
subject: land use
subject: sodbusting
subject: soil erosion
subject: program effect

description: Farmers converted 11.1 million acres of land to cropland between 1979 and 1981, but only 1.9 million acres were both highly erodible and planted to program crops. Although concern about sodbusting focuses on the Great Plains, such conversion has been occurring in all regions. Analysis of costs and returns indicates that farm programs do provide an incentive to convert highly erodible land to cropland. Participation in price support and subsidized loan programs would have made net returns on 384,000 acres of highly erodible land profitable in 1982. Proposed legislation would remove such incentives, but the proposed system for identifying highly erodible land does not precisely identify new cropland with high potential for excessive erosion.
Collective strong coupling in a lossy optical cavity
Creators: name: Wickenbrock, A.
name: Phoonthong, P.
name: Renzoni, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe vacuum Rabi splitting in a lossy nearly confocal cavity indicating the strong coupling regime, despite a weak single-atom single-mode coupling. Strong collective interaction manifests itself in the typical $\sqrt{N}$-dependence of the normal mode splitting on the number of atoms $N$. The $TEM_{00}$-mode coupling parameters are $(g,κ,γ)=2π\times(0.12,0.8,2.6)$ MHz and up to $(1.33\pm 0.08)\times10^5$ cesium atoms were loaded into the mode volume.