title: Modeling of Surge Arresters and Grounding Electrodes under Lightning Impact
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð·Ð°Ð·ÐµÐ¼Ð»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð³ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¼ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ð¸
Creators: name: ÐÐ¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸, Ð¨Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐ¸
grounding devices
lightning
soil characteristics
surge arrester
transformer

description: Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð·ÐµÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, ÐµÐµ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ Ð² Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð»ÑÐ´ÐµÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ð¸. ÐÑ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ COMSOL Multiphysics Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð². ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² (FEM). ÐÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð¾ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð´ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐµ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¿ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° Ð½Ð° Ð·ÐµÐ¼Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ¼. Ð­ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð¿ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½ Ð¸ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½ Ð² Ð³ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ°Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼ ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼. ÐÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑÑ, Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð² Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð³ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ°. ÐÑÐ¸ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ°ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð² Ð¸Ð¼Ð¿ÑÐ»ÑÑÐµ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð»ÑÐ´Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑ. Ð­ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ. ÐÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾, Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð´Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¸Ð½Ð´ÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐ·ÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐ±Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÑ Ðº Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð¡Ð¾Ð±Ð»ÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¼ Ð¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¼, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑ. ÐÐ¾Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð³, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾ ÑÑÐ° ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÐºÐ¸, Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÑ.
description: The purpose of this research is to study the functionality of the grounding system, its role in protecting electrical equipment, and the safety of people under lightning impacts. We used COMSOL Multiphysics software to model the surge arrester with simple and electrolytic types of electrodes. To overcome the mathematical models, we used the finite element method (FEM). The obtained results showed that surge arresters limit the voltage to a predefined value. The electrolytic electrode dissipates a higher value of surge current to earth compared to the simple one. This type of electrode is more operational and functional in soils with high resistivity. We repeated the calculations by changing the parameters of the surrounding soil. When increasing the values of resistivity and permittivity, the wave effect is observed in the current pulse. This effect is absent for small values. Moreover, by increasing the length of the electrode, the inductive effect increases and causes oscillation that results in overvoltage. Keeping the minimum distance between the arrester and transformer, as well as keeping the electrode length to a specified value, helps reducing this effect. In summary this work helps mitigate risks, ensure safety, and advance lightning protection systems.