cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Negative Refraction and Subwavelength Lensing in a Polaritonic Crystal
Creators: name: Wang, X.
name: Kempa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a two-dimensional polaritonic crystal, made of metallic rods that support well defined plasmon oscillations, can act in a narrow frequency range as a medium in which a negative refraction and subwavelength lensing can occur. We show that surface modes are excited on the surface of the lens, and that they facilitate restoration of the evanescent waves, which carry the subwavelength image information. We demonstrate that this can occur in the visible frequency range, for a wide range of materials, including silver and aluminum rods, and carbon nanotubes. This flexibility should allow for an experimental demonstration of this phenomenon in the visible frequency range.
description: 14 pages; 4 figures
Additional file 7 of Compressing gene expression data using multiple latent space dimensionalities learns complementary biological representations
Creators: name: Way, Gregory P.
name: Zietz, Michael
name: Rubinetti, Vincent
name: Himmelstein, Daniel S.
name: Greene, Casey S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Review history.
The double queen Dido's problem
Creators: name: Cavallina, Lorenzo
name: Henrot, Antoine
name: Sakaguchi, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q20

description: This paper deals with a variation of the classical isoperimetric problem in dimension $N\ge 2$ for a two-phase piecewise constant density whose discontinuity interface is a given hyperplane. We introduce a weighted perimeter functional with three different weights, one for the hyperplane and one for each of the two open half-spaces in which $\mathbb{R}^N$ gets partitioned. We then consider the problem of characterizing the sets $Ω$ that minimize this weighted perimeter functional under the additional constraint that the volumes of the portions of $Ω$ in the two half-spaces are given. It is shown that the problem admits two kinds of minimizers, which will be called type I and type II, respectively. These minimizers are made of the union of two spherical domes whose angle of incidence satisfies some kind of \textquotedblleft Snell's law\textquotedblright. Finally, we provide a complete classification of the minimizers depending on the various parameters of the problem.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Estimativa de um Modelo não Linear para as Exportações Brasileiras de Borracha no Período 1992-2006
Creators: name: Morais, Igor Alexandre Clemente De
name: Bertoldi, Adriana
name: Anjos, Adriana Toledo Mendes Dos
name: Morais, Igor Alexandre Clemente De
name: Bertoldi, Adriana
name: Anjos, Adriana Toledo Mendes Dos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Key-words: Markov Switching Models
subject: exports
subject: supply and demand functions
subject: mudança de regime markoviano
subject: exportações
subject: equação de oferta e demanda

description: O objetivo deste artigo é aplicar o mecanismo de correção de erros linear e não linear para encontrar as elasticidades de resposta das exportações do setor de borracha a diversas variáveis. Duas importantes contribuições emergem desta pesquisa. A primeira é o uso da metodologia de mudança de regime markoviano. A segunda está relacionada aos resultados para o setor. Para a curva de oferta, não é possível afirmar a existência do efeito J. Há evidência de assimetria de desempenho entre regimes de queda e crescimento da demanda por exportações, bem como entre a duração desses estados. Isso pode estar refletindo a influência das elasticidades de curto prazo, em especial no caso da renda e dos preços. De forma geral, os resultados apontam que choques negativos têm muito mais poder de desestabilizar o comportamento das exportações do setor no Brasil que choques positivos......The goal of this paper is to apply the linear and nonlinear error correction model to supply and demand for rubber exports and find elasticities to several variables. Two major contributions emerge from this research. The first is the use of the methodology of Markovian Switching model. The second is related to the results for the sector. For the supply curve is not possible to affirm the existence of the J effect. There is evidence of asymmetry in performance between states of retraction and growth in demand for exports, as well as between the duration of these states. This may reflect the influence of short-term elasticities, particularly in the case of income and prices. Overall, the results show that negative shocks have much more power to destabilize the exports sector in Brazil than positive shocks.
title: ÐÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ·ÑÐº: ÐÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¹ ÐºÑÑÑ. Ð¡Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðº ÑÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹.. Ð§. 4.
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name: ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸Ð½Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÑ
name: ÐÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ð²ÑÐºÐ°Ñ, ÐÐ°Ð¹Ñ
name: ÐÐ¾Ð¶Ð¸Ðº, Ð¡Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð°
name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°
name: ÐÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°, Ð¢Ð°ÑÑÑÐ½Ð°
name: ÐÐ°ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ, ÐÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
name: ÐÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ»ÑÐ³Ð°
name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ³ÑÐ½, ÐÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð°
name: ÐÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÐ¹
name: Ð¢Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°, ÐÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð°
name: Ð¢Ð¾ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÐ²Ð°, ÐÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð°
name: Ð¥Ð»ÑÑÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¾, ÐÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ·ÑÐº
Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¹ ÐºÑÑÑ
ÑÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐ¹ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ
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ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²

description: Ð£ÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¸Ð°ÑÐ° Ð¸ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ° Ð²ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸, Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ñ Â«ÐÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ·ÑÐº: ÐÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¹ ÐºÑÑÑÂ». ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾ Ð½Ð° Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð³Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ·ÑÐºÐ°. Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ·ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð¸, ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ·ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð£ÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ñ ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸, Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÑ, Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÐµÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð² ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ 3 ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÑÑÑÐ° Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ðµ Â«ÐÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ·ÑÐº: ÐÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¹ ÐºÑÑÑÂ», Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð², Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð°ÑÐ´Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð¼ âEngineeringâ, âTrendsâ, âArts and Mediaâ, âCrimeâ. Ð ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´ÑÐ¹ ÑÐµÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¸ Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ, Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ¾Ðµ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð°ÑÐ´Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ.
Mid-Infrared Selection of Active Galaxies
Creators: name: Stern, Daniel
name: Eisenhardt, Peter
name: Gorjian, Varoujan
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Caldwell, Nelson
name: Eisenstein, Daniel
name: Brodwin, Mark
name: Brown, Michael J. I.
name: Cool, Richard
name: Dey, Arjun
name: Green, Paul
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Murray, Stephen S.
name: Pahre, Michael A.
name: Willner, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mid-infrared photometry provides a robust technique for identifying active galaxies. While the ultraviolet to mid-infrared continuum of normal galaxies is dominated by the composite stellar black body curve and peaks at approximately 1.6 microns, the ultraviolet to mid-infrared continuum of active galaxies is dominated by a power law. Consequently, with sufficient wavelength baseline, one can easily distinguish AGN from stellar populations. Mirroring the tendency of AGN to be bluer than galaxies in the ultraviolet, where galaxies (and stars) sample the blue, rising portion of stellar spectra, AGN tend to be redder than galaxies in the mid-infrared, where galaxies sample the red, falling portion of the stellar spectra. We report on Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared colors, derived from the IRAC Shallow Survey, of nearly 10,000 spectroscopically identified sources from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey. Based on this spectroscopic sample, we find that simple mid-infrared color criteria provide remarkably robust separation of active galaxies from normal galaxies and Galactic stars, with over 80% completeness and less than 20% contamination. Considering only broad-lined AGN, these mid-infrared color criteria identify over 90% of spectroscopically identified quasars and Seyfert 1s. Applying these color criteria to the full imaging data set, we discuss the implied surface density of AGN and find evidence for a large population of optically obscured active galaxies.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures; submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Point Cloud Novelty Detection Based on Latent Representations of a General Feature Extractor
Creators: name: Akahori, Shizuka
name: Iizuka, Satoshi
name: Mawatari, Ken
name: Fukui, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an effective unsupervised 3D point cloud novelty detection approach, leveraging a general point cloud feature extractor and a one-class classifier. The general feature extractor consists of a graph-based autoencoder and is trained once on a point cloud dataset such as a mathematically generated fractal 3D point cloud dataset that is independent of normal/abnormal categories. The input point clouds are first converted into latent vectors by the general feature extractor, and then one-class classification is performed on the latent vectors. Compared to existing methods measuring the reconstruction error in 3D coordinate space, our approach utilizes latent representations where the shape information is condensed, which allows more direct and effective novelty detection. We confirm that our general feature extractor can extract shape features of unseen categories, eliminating the need for autoencoder re-training and reducing the computational burden. We validate the performance of our method through experiments on several subsets of the ShapeNet dataset and demonstrate that our latent-based approach outperforms the existing methods.
UN Task Force on Pandemic Prevention in an Age of Risky Research, Synthetic Biology, Artificial Intelligence, and the Potential for Bioterrorism
Creators: name: Quay, Steven Carl
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: United Nations
subject: Pandemic Preparedness
subject: Bioterrorism

description: This proposal advocates for the establishment of a United Nations Task Force to address emerging global risks from synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, and bioterrorism.

Through a two-stage process, the Task Force would first conduct a comprehensive fact-finding exercise on pandemic causes, laboratory-acquired infections, and technological advancements, followed by actionable recommendations to enhance biosafety, biosecurity, and international oversight.

Key measures include amending the Biological Weapons Convention to enable inspections of high-containment laboratories, implementing early warning systems for pathogen detection, and fostering global cooperation on synthetic biology research.

By modeling the societal impacts of hypothetical pandemics, the initiative underscores the urgency of prevention and preparedness. This framework aims to strengthen international health security and mitigate risks that could disrupt civilization.
Interpreting doubly special relativity as a modified theory of measurement
Creators: name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Sonego, Sebastiano
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we develop a physical interpretation for the deformed (doubly) special relativity theories (DSRs), based on a modification of the theory of measurement in special relativity. We suggest that it is useful to regard the DSRs as reflecting the manner in which quantum gravity effects induce Planck-suppressed distortions in the measurement of the "true" energy and momentum. This interpretation provides a framework for the DSRs that is manifestly consistent, non-trivial, and in principle falsifiable. However, it does so at the cost of demoting such theories from the level of "fundamental" physics to the level of phenomenological models -- models that should in principle be derivable from whatever theory of quantum gravity one ultimately chooses to adopt.
description: 18 pages, plain LaTeX2E
The local universe in the era of large surveys. I. Spectral classification of S0 galaxies
Creators: name: Tous, J. L.
name: Solanes, J. M.
name: Perea, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first paper in a series devoted to review the main properties of galaxies designated S0 in the Hubble classification system. Our aim is to gather abundant and, above all, robust information on the most relevant physical parameters of this poorly-understood morphological type and their possible dependence on the environment that could later be used to assess their possible formation channel(s). The adopted approach combines the characterisation of the fundamental features of the optical spectra of $68{,}043$ S0 with heliocentric $z\lesssim 0.1$ with the exploration of a comprehensive set of their global attributes. A principal component analysis is used to reduce the huge number of dimensions of the spectral data to a low-dimensional space facilitating a bias-free machine-learning-based classification of the galaxies. This procedure has revealed that objects bearing the S0 designation consist, despite their similar morphology, of two separate sub-populations with statistically inconsistent physical properties. Compared to the absorption-dominated S0, those with significant nebular emission are, on average, somewhat less massive, more luminous with less concentrated light profiles, have a younger, bluer and metal-poorer stellar component, and avoid high-galaxy-density regions. Noteworthy is the fact that the majority of members of this latter class, which accounts for at least a quarter of the local S0 population, show star formation rates and spectral characteristics entirely similar to those seen in late spirals. Our findings suggest that star-forming S0 might be less rare than hitherto believed and raise the interesting possibility of identifying them with plausible progenitors of their quiescent counterparts.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 26 pages, 18 figures; figure A1 updated
title: Adaptively clustered reflective shadow maps
Creators: name: Weinzierl-Heigl, Christoph
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: global illumination
subject: reflective shadow maps
subject: virtual point lights
subject: photorealistic rendering
subject: global illumination
subject: reflective shadow maps
subject: virtual point lights
subject: photorealistic rendering

description: In this thesis, we present an approach to compute approximate but plausible indirect lighting, a subtopic of global illumination (GI) in computer graphics, in real-time by utilizing the capabilities of modern computer hardware. For years, this topic could only be handled in so-called offline rendering processes that mostly utilize ray-tracing techniques where single images can take up to multiple hours to generate. These offline methods are still largely used in the computer animated movies industry, and only in recent years have ray-tracing methods begun their foray into interactive and real-time computer graphics. However, in contrast to offline methods, real-time computer graphics have traditionally been, and still are (mostly), computed using so-called rasterization methods, by using standardized hardware (graphics cards) and software interfaces. Through the advent of programmable graphics hardware in the early 2000s and seemingly ever-increasing compute capabilities, the topic of global illumination has in recent years finally stepped into the realm of real-time computer graphics. Over the past years, a very active research community produced multitudes of techniques to approximate GI using rasterization-friendly methods. We introduce another variant that is an evolution to a subset of these methods that can be summarized under the term instant radiosity, where indirect lighting is simulated by placing many virtual light sources at the intersection points of light rays with reflecting geometry. Our method, called Adaptively Clustered Reflective Shadow Maps, uses a novel, adaptive clustering approach inspired by k-Means clustering, to reduce the number of required virtual lights without negatively impacting image quality through application of a sophisticated shadowing technique. The aforementioned clustering naturally facilitates temporal coherency by re-using clustering information from the previous frame while simultaneously evaluating its results to counter potential uneven cluster distributions. The results show that our new method exhibits advantages, both performance-wise and image-quality-wise, over previously employed methods.
Uma Digressão Sobre o Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio do Seguro Rural e as Implicações para o Futuro deste Mercado
Creators: name: Ozaki, Vitor
name: Ozaki, Vitor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Political Economy
subject: crop insurance
subject: relative risk
subject: information
subject: public policies
subject: seguro rural
subject: risco relativo
subject: informação
subject: políticas públicas

description: Nos últimos anos, o governo federal tem incentivado o mercado de seguro rural por meio de medidas pontuais que visam o aumento da demanda e o estabelecimento de condições adequadas para as seguradoras ofertarem seus produtos. Uma dessas medidas foi o Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio do Seguro Rural (PSP), que apresentou grande crescimento desde 2005, quando o programa começou. Entretanto, este crescimento tem se concentrado apenas no estado do Paraná. O artigo mostra que o entrave para expandir o seguro rural para outros estados não se restringe apenas ao risco relativo, mas à inexistência de uma base consolidada de dados nos municípios analisados.......Over the last years, the federal government has been stimulating the crop insurance market through a few measures that aim to increase the demand and support insurance companies to offer their products. One of these measures was the Insurance Premium Subsidy Program (PSP) that registered an increase since the beginning of the program. However, this expressive growth has been concentrating only in the Paraná state. This article states that one of the main obstacles to expand the agricultural insurance to other states is not restricted only to the relative risk, but to the inexistence of a consolidated database in several cities.
Rethinking gender, migration, and power : the emergence of a disciplinary order in contemporary China
Creators: name: Feng, Lisi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Since its implementation in 1958, the household registration system in China has been powerful state institution to determine rural peasants’ mobility to urban areas. For more than two decades, rural-to-urban mobility had been stifled. It was not until the post-Mao regime initiated economic reforms that rural peasants were able to work in urban areas. The household registration system has decisively transformed China into a dualistic society where rural and urban areas are distinctively divided. In addition to the rural-urban division, another great social divide in China is the one between women and men. Under Mao’s regime, improved gender relations were achieved to a certain extent by socialist organizations that controlled most aspects of daily life. However, since the reforms were introduced in 1978, Chinese women have not benefited from the process of reform to the same extent as men; the subordination of women has been reinforced and increased in numerous ways. The thesis does not suggest specific strategies to overcome the distinctions between urbanites and peasants, men and women, as this must be created in relation to specific social, cultural, and economic circumstances. Rather, it adopts a qualitative research method to provide a general analysis of how institutional changes and structural reforms in China reshaped social relations and gender relations in particular. By doing so, it is intended to facilitate the pursuit of a fairer and more tolerant society.
8Be Nuclear Data Evaluation
Creators: name: Page, Philip R.
name: Hale, Gerald M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An R-matrix analysis of experimental nuclear data on the reactions 4He(alpha,alpha), 4He(alpha,p), 4He(alpha,d), 7Li(p,alpha), 7Li(p,p), 7Li(p,n), 7Be(n,p), 6Li(d,alpha), 6Li(d,p), 6Li(d,n) and 6Li(d,d), leading to the 8Be intermediate state, has been completed in the last two years. About 4700 data points from 69 experimental references are included. The excitation energy above the 8Be ground state is 25-26 MeV for all reactions except 4He(alpha,alpha) and 7Be(n,p). The data for the reactions 4He(alpha,alpha) and 6Li(d,d) do not fit well, but the other reactions fit with a chi^2/(point) of less than the overall value of 7.9. Most of the 19 resonances found in the R-matrix analysis correspond to resonances formerly known from experiment. Evaluated integrated 4He(alpha,p), 4He(alpha,d), 7Li(p,alpha), 7Li(p,n), 7Be(n,p), 6Li(d,alpha), 6Li(d,p) and 6Li(d,n) reaction cross-sections are presented. Evaluated cross-section and angular dependence files in ENDF format were prepared for the twelve reactions p 7Li, n 7Be, d 6Li -> alpha 4He, p 7Li, n 7Be, d 6Li. Maxwellian averaged temperature-dependent cross-sections in NDI format were prepared for the six reactions 7Li(p,alpha), 7Li(p,n), 7Be(n,p), 6Li(d,alpha), 6Li(d,p) and 6Li(d,n).
description: Published in proceedings of International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (ND2004), Santa Fe, NM, 26 September - 1 October 2004, LaTeX, 4 pages, 8 encapsulated postscript figures
Two-Stage Human Verification using HandCAPTCHA and Anti-Spoofed Finger Biometrics with Feature Selection
Creators: name: Bera, Asish
name: Bhattacharjee, Debotosh
name: Shum, Hubert P H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a human verification scheme in two independent stages to overcome the vulnerabilities of attacks and to enhance security. At the first stage, a hand image-based CAPTCHA (HandCAPTCHA) is tested to avert automated bot-attacks on the subsequent biometric stage. In the next stage, finger biometric verification of a legitimate user is performed with presentation attack detection (PAD) using the real hand images of the person who has passed a random HandCAPTCHA challenge. The electronic screen-based PAD is tested using image quality metrics. After this spoofing detection, geometric features are extracted from the four fingers (excluding the thumb) of real users. A modified forward-backward (M-FoBa) algorithm is devised to select relevant features for biometric authentication. The experiments are performed on the Bogazici University (BU) and the IIT-Delhi (IITD) hand databases using the k-nearest neighbor and random forest classifiers. The average accuracy of the correct HandCAPTCHA solution is 98.5%, and the false accept rate of a bot is 1.23%. The PAD is tested on 255 subjects of BU, and the best average error is 0%. The finger biometric identification accuracy of 98% and an equal error rate (EER) of 6.5% have been achieved for 500 subjects of the BU. For 200 subjects of the IITD, 99.5% identification accuracy, and 5.18% EER are obtained.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional magnetic insulator heterojunctions
Creators: name: Pan, Jinbo
name: Yu, Jiabin
name: Zhang, Yan-Fang
name: Du, Shixuan
name: Janotti, Anderson
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
name: Yan, Qimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent years have witnessed tremendous success in the discovery of topological states of matter. Particularly, sophisticated theoretical methods in time-reversal-invariant topological phases have been developed, leading to the comprehensive search of crystal database and the prediction of thousands of new topological materials. In contrast, the discovery of magnetic topological phases that break time reversal is still limited to several exemplary materials because the coexistence of magnetism and topological electronic band structure is rare in a single compound. To overcome this challenge, we propose an alternative approach to realize the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect, a typical example of magnetic topological phase, via engineering two-dimensional (2D) magnetic van der Waals heterojunctions. Instead of a single magnetic topological material, we search for the combinations of two 2D (typically trivial) magnetic insulator compounds with specific band alignment so that they can together form a type-III heterojunction with topologically non-trivial band structure. By combining the data-driven materials search, first principles calculations, and the symmetry-based analytical models, we identify 8 type-III heterojunctions consisting of 2D ferromagnetic insulator materials from a family of 2D monolayer MXY compounds (M = metal atoms, X = S, Se, Te, Y = F, Cl, Br, I) as a set of candidates for the QAH effect. In particular, we directly calculate the topological invariant (Chern number) and chiral edge states in the MnNF/MnNCl heterojunction with ferromagnetic stacking. This work illustrates how data-driven material science can be combined with symmetry-based physical principles to guide the search for novel heterojunction-based quantum materials hosting the QAH effect and other exotic quantum states in general.
Quantifying the performance of multi-pulse quantum sensing
Creators: name: Dong, Yang
name: Zhang, Shao-Chun
name: Lin, Hao-Bin
name: Chen, Xiang-Dong
name: Zhu, Wei
name: Wang, Guan-Zhong
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Sun, Fang-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quality of a quantum operation determines the performance of quantum information processing, such as the sensitivity of quantum sensing. Different from the fidelity of quantum operation in quantum computation, we present an effective function to evaluate the performance and diagnose the imperfection of operations in multi-pulse based quantum sensing. The evaluation function directly links the realistic sensitivity with intrinsic sensitivity in a simple way. Moreover, guided by this evaluation function, we optimize a composite pulse sequence for high sensitivity nitrogen-vacancycenter based magnetometry against spectrum inhomogeneities and control errors to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance by 1 order of magnitude. It marks an important step towards quantitative quantum sensing with imperfect quantum control in practical applications.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
A NÉMETORSZÁGI PASSZÍV HÁZAK SAJÁTOSSÁGAI
Creators: name: Kozma, Gábor
name: Molnár, Ernő
name: Kulcsár, Balázs
name: Pénzes, János
name: Kozma, Gábor
name: Molnár, Ernő
name: Kulcsár, Balázs
name: Pénzes, János
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: passzív házak
subject: Németország
subject: tartományok
subject: passive houses
subject: Germany
subject: Länder

description: Napjainkban a Föld előtt álló legfontosabb problémák közé tartozik az energiakérdés, amely megoldása egyrészt a felhasznált energia mennyiségének a csökkentése, másrészt a megújuló energiaforrások fokozott mértékű hasznosítása révén valósítható meg. Az energiafelhasználás igen jelentős része az épületekhez kapcsolódik, és többek között magában foglalja a hűtési/fűtési, világítási, főzési célú felhasználást. A fentiek szellemében az 1980-es évek vége óta igen nagy figyelmet fordítanak az épületek energiafelhasználásának csökkentésére, és ennek keretében született meg a passzív ház, mely olyan épület, amelyben a kényelmes hőmérsékletet biztosítása megoldható kizárólag a levegő frissen tartásához megmozgatott légtömeg utánfűtésével vagy utánhűtésével, további levegő visszaforgatása nélkül. A tanulmány célja a Németországban épült passzív házak legfontosabb jellegzetességeinek a vizsgálata. Ennek keretében bemutatásra kerülnek az egyes tartományok és a különböző nagyságú települések közötti különbségek, illetve az egyes épülettípusok vonatkozásában megfigyelhető sajátosságok. ---------------------------------------------------------- In our days, energy issues belong to the most important problems facing the Earth whose solution may be expected partly from decreasing the amount of the energy used and partly from the increased utilisation of renewable energy resources. A substantial part of energy consumption is related to buildings and includes, inter alia, the use for cooling/heating, lighting, and cooking purposes. In the view of the above, special attention has been paid to minimising the energy consumption of buildings since the late 1980s. Within the framework of that, the passive house was created which is a building for which thermal comfort can be achieved solely by postheating or postcooling of the fresh air mass without a need for recirculated air. The aim of the paper is to study the most important characteristics of passive houses built in Germany. Within the framework of our study the differences between the German “Länder” and the settlements of different sizes, and the observable peculiarities with regard to the individual building types are also presented.
High pT hadron spectra at RHIC: an overview
Creators: name: Klay, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results on high transverse momentum (pT) hadron production in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are reviewed. Comparison of the nuclear modification factors, $R_{dAu}(pT)$ and $R_{AA}(pT)$, demonstrates that the large suppression in central Au+Au collisions is due to strong final-state effects. Theoretical models which incorporate jet quenching via gluon Bremsstrahlung in the dense partonic medium that is expected in central Au+Au collisions at ultra-relativistic energies are shown to reproduce the shape and magnitude of the observed suppression over the range of collision energies so far studied at RHIC.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, Talk given at Hot Quarks 2004: Workshop for Young Scientists on the Physics of Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (HQ'04), Taos Valley, New Mexico, 18-24 Jul 2004, to be published in J. Phys. G
Additional file 2 of Compressing gene expression data using multiple latent space dimensionalities learns complementary biological representations
Creators: name: Way, Gregory P.
name: Zietz, Michael
name: Rubinetti, Vincent
name: Himmelstein, Daniel S.
name: Greene, Casey S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplemental Note. Describing neural network optimization.
On exact-WKB analysis, resurgent structure, and quantization conditions
Creators: name: Sueishi, Naohisa
name: Kamata, Syo
name: Misumi, Tatsuhiro
name: Ünsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two well-known approaches to studying nonperturbative aspects of quantum mechanical systems: Saddle point analysis of the partition functions in Euclidean path integral formulation and the exact-WKB analysis based on the wave functions in the Schrödinger equation. In this work, based on the quantization conditions obtained from the exact-WKB method, we determine the relations between the two formalism and in particular show how the two Stokes phenomena are connected to each other: the Stokes phenomenon leading to the ambiguous contribution of different sectors of the path integral formulation corresponds to the change of the "topology" of the Stoke curves in the exact-WKB analysis. We also clarify the equivalence of different quantization conditions including Bohr-Sommerfeld, path integral and Gutzwiller's ones. In particular, by reorganizing the exact quantization condition, we improve Gutzwiller analysis in a crucial way by bion contributions (incorporating complex periodic paths) and turn it into an exact result. Furthermore, we argue the novel meaning of quasi-moduli integral and provide a relation between the Maslov index and the intersection number of Lefschetz thimbles.
description: 51 pages, 12 figures, typo corrected, added comments into Sec.IV
ÖKOLÓGIAI LÁBNYOM MUTATÓ IDŐBELI ÉS TÉRBELI ELEMZÉSE
Creators: name: Szigeti, Cecília
name: Szigeti, Cecília
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: ökológiai lábnyom
subject: biológiai kapacitás
subject: alternatív indikátor
subject: ecological footprint
subject: biocapacity
subject: alternative indicator

description: Tanulmányunkban az egyre népszerűbbé váló ökológiai lábnyom mutató térbeli és időbeli alakulását vizsgáló kutatásokat összegezzük. Egy olyan pillanatot szeretnénk bemutatni, amikor egyszerre látszik az időbeli út, amelyen az egyes országok haladnak és a térbeli helyzet, ahova eljutottak. Az „utat” 1960-as évektől napjainkig terjedő országos bontású temporális elemzés alapján ismertetjük, amely szerint (NICOLUCCI et al. 2012) nem jellemző minden országra az ökológiai lábnyom növekedése és a biológiai kapacitás csökkenése, hanem az országok ökológiai lábnyomuk, biokapacitásuk, az ökológiai deficit és egyéb tényezők változása alapján négy csoportba sorolhatók. A „jelenlegi helyzetet” a GFN adatbázison végzett vizsgálatunk alapján mutatjuk be, amely szerint az országokat ökológiai lábnyomuk biológiai kapacitásuk alapján három klaszterbe sorolhatjuk. Ha klasztereket összehasonlítjuk a temporális vizsgálat eredményeivel, akkor látható, hogy a jelenlegi klaszterbe milyen úton jutottak el az országok. Ez azért lényeges, mert az ökológiai lábnyom és az ökológiai deficit alapján végzett elemzés csak egy kiemelt időpontra vonatkozó adatokat tartalmaznak így a múltbeli tendenciákkal összevetve látható, hogy bizonyos fejlődési utak milyen jelenlegi helyzethez vezetnek, és mi lehet a fenntarthatóság lokális stratégiájának célja az egyes az egyes országokban. ------------------------------------------------------------------- In our study we are summarising our research on the time and location related processes of the increasingly popular index called the ecological footprint. Our aim is to present a snapshot that shows both the timeline of countries’ path and the location they got to. The „path” is going to be presented on a temporal scale starting from the 1960’s, according to which not every country is characterized by the growth of their ecological footprint and the decrease of biological capacity (NICOLUCCI et. al. 2012), but countries can be classifiedinto four groups based on their ecological footprint, biocapacity, ecological deficit and other indices. The „present situation” is based on the of GFN database, that classifies countries into three clusters based on their ecological footprint, and biological capacity. If we compare these clusters with the findings of the temporal analysis, we can see how countries have reached their present situation. This is crucial because both the ecological footprint and the ecological deficit indices show data for one specific point in time, but comparing these with the past tendencies we can see how different paths of economic growth lead to different results, and what can be the local strategical aims for reaching maintainable growth in a given country.
Large and Ultra-compact Gauss-Bonnet Black Holes with a Self-interacting Scalar Field
Creators: name: Bakopoulos, Athanasios
name: Kanti, Panagiota
name: Pappas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory, and study the case where a negative cosmological constant is replaced by a more realistic, negative scalar-field potential. We study different forms of the coupling function between the scalar field and the Gauss-Bonnet term as well as of the scalar potential. In all cases, we obtain asymptotically-flat, regular black-hole solutions with a non-trivial scalar field which naturally dies out at large distances. For a quadratic negative potential, two distinct subgroups of solutions emerge: the first comprises light black holes with a large horizon radius, and the second includes massive, ultra-compact black holes. The most ultra-compact solutions, having approximately the 1/20 of the horizon radius of the Schwarzschild solution with the same mass, emerge for the exponential and linear coupling functions. For other polynomial forms of the scalar potential, the subgroup of ultra-compact solutions disappears, and the black holes obtained may have a horizon radius larger or smaller than the Schwarzschild solution depending on the particular value of their mass.
description: Latex file, 32 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 1 of Compressing gene expression data using multiple latent space dimensionalities learns complementary biological representations
Creators: name: Way, Gregory P.
name: Zietz, Michael
name: Rubinetti, Vincent
name: Himmelstein, Daniel S.
name: Greene, Casey S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: All Supplementary Figures. Supplementary Figures S1-S14.
Magnetic Reversal in Nanoscopic Ferromagnetic Rings
Creators: name: Martens, Kirsten
name: Stein, D. L.
name: Kent, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of magnetization reversal due to thermal fluctuations in thin submicron-scale rings composed of soft magnetic materials. The magnetization in such geometries is more stable against reversal than that in thin needles and other geometries, where sharp ends or edges can initiate nucleation of a reversed state. The 2D ring geometry also allows us to evaluate the effects of nonlocal magnetostatic forces. We find a `phase transition', which should be experimentally observable, between an Arrhenius and a non-Arrhenius activation regime as magnetic field is varied in a ring of fixed size.
description: RevTeX, 23 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Renormalisation of the tensor current in lattice QCD and the $J/ψ$ tensor decay constant
Creators: name: Hatton, D.
name: Davies, C. T. H.
name: Lepage, G. P.
name: Lytle, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice QCD calculations of form factors for rare Standard Model processes such as $B \to K \ell^+ \ell^-$ use tensor currents that require renormalisation. These renormalisation factors, $Z_T$, have typically been calculated within perturbation theory and the estimated uncertainties from missing higher order terms are significant. Here we study tensor current renormalisation using lattice implementations of momentum-subtraction schemes. Such schemes are potentially more accurate but have systematic errors from nonperturbative artefacts. To determine and remove these condensate contributions we calculate the ground-state charmonium tensor decay constant, $f_{J/ψ}^T$, which is also of interest in beyond the Standard Model studies. We obtain $f_{J/ψ}^T(\bar{\text{MS}}, 2\ \mathrm{GeV})=0.3927(27)$ GeV, with ratio to the vector decay constant of 0.9569(52), significantly below 1. We also give $Z_T$ factors, converted to the $\bar{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme, corrected for condensate contamination. This contamination reaches 1.5\% at a renormalisation scale of 2 GeV (in the preferred RI-SMOM scheme) and so must be removed for accurate results.
description: 12 pages, version accepted for publication in PRD
Hipwatch: osteoporosis investigation and treatment after a hip fracture : a 6-month randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Davis, Jennifer Colleen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: 1) Objective: To test a novel Patient Empowerment and Physician Alerting (PEPA) intervention that seeks to improve the proportion of older adults who are diagnosed and treated for osteoporosis after hip fracture. 2) Methods: a) Design: Six-month randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized either to the PEPA group (intervention) or the ’usual-care’ group (control). b) Participants and Setting: Forty-eight women and men aged 60 years and older who were admitted to Vancouver General Hospital for a fall-related hip fracture. c) Measurements: The Diagnosis and Management Questionnaire (DMQ) was administered to all participants to determine the initiation of investigation and treatment of osteoporosis. The responses were validated in part by physician report obtained for one fourth of the participants. d) Statistical Analyses: I compared the difference between the two experimental groups in the number of individuals who received one or more osteoporosis specific ’best practices’ within 6 months after their hip fracture using the chi-square test. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05. 3) Results: Of the 78 individuals who were eligible for this study, 48 agreed to participate. Among these participants, I found a significant difference between the intervention and the control group in the number of individuals who received one or more osteoporosis ’best practices’ after their hip fracture (p < 0.01). In the PEPA group, 54% (p < 0.01) were prescribed bisphosphonate therapy, 29% (p < 0.01) were investigated by a bone mineral density test, 39% were initiated on Calcium and Vitamin D (p = 0.32) and 32% (p < 0.01) were recommended exercise within 6 months after experiencing a fragility hip fracture. In contrast, in the usual-care group 0% were prescribed bisphosphonate therapy, 0% were investigated by a bone mineral density test, 30% were initiated on Calcium and Vitamin D and 0% were recommended exercise within 6 months after experiencing a fragility hip fracture. 4) Summary and Conclusions: This cohort of individuals who fractured their hip did not receive guideline care unless recommended by the PEPA intervention letters sent to the participant and delivered to the primary care physician. Patients who sustain a low-trauma hip fracture have osteoporosis but did not routinely receive recommended osteoporosis ’best practice’ care.