Leucopholis irrorata Chevrolat 1841
Creators: name: Calcetas, Orlando A.
name: Adorada, Jessamyn R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Leucopholis
Leucopholis irrorata

description: Leucopholis irrorata Chevrolat, 1841
Figs. 22–29
Leucopholis irrorata Chevrolat, 1841: 222.
Leucopholis pollinosa Burmeister, 1855: 304 (synonym) Leucopholis pollinosa furfurosa Burmeister, 1855: 304 (synonym)
Description. Male: length 25.5–30.0 mm, width 13.0–15.0 mm; female: length 27.8–31.0 mm, width 14.0– 16.5 mm. Body pear shaped; uniformally gray, brown, or reddish brown to blackish brown. Clypeus strongly convex apically, nearly the same width from middle to sides, surface smooth and glabrous. Clypeus with anterior half of surface impunctate and posterior half with sparse, rounded punctures; punctures each with a short, stiff seta especially near the posterior margin. Clypeus with anterior surface of head with dense scales, sometimes with sparse scales laterally and dense scales towards the ocular canthus. Clypeus weakly recurved at approximately 60 0 laterally and strongly indented mesally; dorsally anterior margin upturned in males, not upturned and concave mesally in females. Frons covered with ovoid scales. Labrum nearly as long as clypeus in males, shorter in females. Surface of labrum punctate; each puncture with a long, fine, stiff, reddish-orange seta; posterior inner margin with several rows of thick but shorter setal brushes or setae of the same tint. Upper surface of mandibles covered with large, elongate, apically blunt, lanceolate scales laterally. Lower surface of mandibles covered with long, stiff, yellowish-white, needle-like scales and sparse, small, elongate, lanceolate scales laterally. Terminal maxillary palpomeres wrinkled, covered with minute scales, with short and long setae and with lanceolate-shaped, flattened areas. Mentum smooth and glabrous, anterior half pitch black and depressed; anterior margin nearly flattened and sometimes with wide, shallow, concave depression; anterior angles rounded, anterolateral margins curved inwards. Posterior half of mentum depressed and with row of sparse, fine, long, stiff setae; posterolateral margins evenly curved; median carina smooth. Ocular canthus apically rounded. Antennal club length 1.6–2.3 mm, slightly shorter than antenomeres II–VII. Pronotum anterior angle obtuse and pointed. Posterior pronotal angle acute and lobe more weakly extended in males than in females. Protibial spur extending in front of the anterior angle or sinuation in both sexes. Posterior metatibia with 17–25 spicules. Prosternal process apically ovoid shaped, with or without shallow median depression. Metaventral process length 1.9–2.5 mm. Scutellum scales overlapping at the anterior angle. Elytral scales uniform in size. Pygidium scales evenly spaced.
Male. Genitalia length 8.4 mm. Phallobase dorsal anterior margin V-shaped mesally (Fig.22). Paramere ventral inner posterior margin inverted, elongate, spindle-shaped; inner anterior margin elongate, spindle-shaped, wider, and lobe-like. Mid-posterior margin of parameres triangulate and rounded apically (Fig.23); dorsal anterior margin of the lateral processes and adjacent to the apical processes with V-shaped sclerites or processes. Dorsal midposterior margin of parameres bell-shaped and nearly straight towards the lateral angles. Parameres laterally with longitudinal groove on the mesal half, anterior to the dorsum bounded by carinae on both sides; groove wider subapically, posteriorly narrow, and mesally nearly parallel. Posterior margin of parameres subcircle, area towards the anterior margin and immediate to the sub-apical groove widely curved (Fig. 24).
Female. Clypeus moderately convex, without median cleft apically, slightly shorter than labrum; distinctly recurved at approximately 45 0; laterally strongly indented mesally. Antennal club length 1.3–1.5mm, shorter than antenomeres II–VII. Metaventral process length 2.0– 2.5 mm. Posterior metatibial with 28–36 spicules.
Specimens examined: LUZON: Batanes: 1♂, Basco, vii-1985, V. Samarita; Cavite: 1♀, Indang, 25-vii- 1954, J.R. Sierre; Laguna: 1♂, Los Baños 4-iii-2008, E. Rebua; 1♂, Los Baños, Mudspring, 10-iii-2009, J. Laquinta; Quezon: 1♂ 1♀, Infanta, Ilog, 18-iii-2009, P. Luzaran, L. Portales, and R. Tabil; 1♂, Pollilio Island, 01- iii-2009, J. DelMundo; Marinduque: 1♀, Santa Cruz, Mount Mahalagang, v-1975, R. Alagari and R. Saycon; Romblon: 1♀, Sibuyan, v-1981, B. Lapuz; VISAYAS: Samar: 1♂, Calbayog, 19-vi-1950, R. Araneta; Masbate: 1♂, 15-viii-1960, 20 m, E. Cortez; Leyte: 1♂ 1♀, Barugo, 6-i-1950, P. Ayuso; 1♂ 1♀, Alangalang, 24-iv-1952, Terminalia catappa Linnaeus, L.D. Avila; 1♀, Balinsasayao, 27-iv-1952, 50 m, light trap, C.R. Baltazar; 1♀, Baybay, 10-v-1952, 50 m, C.R. Baltazar; 1♂, Dagami, 29-iv-1952, C.R. Baltazar; 1♂, Abuyog, 1-v- 1952, 100 m, mm mm mm I I I 22 23 24 mm ƽ 25 C.R. Baltazar; 1♀, Tanauan, 20-vi-1952, P. Tolibas; Antique: 1♀, San Jose, 29-iv-1953, O. Lazo; 1♀, Culasi, Balwa Creek, 29-iv-1992, V. Samarita and M. Senires; Cebu: 1♂, Naga, 6-ii-1924, P.L. Stangl; 1♂ 1♀, Argao, 25- iv-1951, C. Lucero; 1♀, Argao, 12-v-1951, C. Lucero; 1♂, Carcar City, 4-ix-1951, M. Valencia; 1♂ 1♀, Liloan, 1- vi-1952, M. Manulat; Negros Occidental: 1♀, La Carlota City, 12-vi-1929, Lopez; Negros Oriental: 1♀, Guihulngan, 23-v-1951, E. Estacion; 1♀, Tayasan, 2-vi-1952, 6 m, C. Yaptenco; Negros: 1♀, v-1911, C.V. Piper; MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental: 1♀, Cagayan de Oro City, Colambog, 8-vi-1950, S.M. Cendana; Surigao Del Sur: 1♂, Bislig City, 04-ix-1954, D.T. Chinte; Bukidnon: 1♂, Maramag, 13-vi-1950, S.M. Cendana; 1♀, Maramag, 16-vi-1950, S.M. Cendana; 1♂, Don Carlos, Sinanguyan, 29-v-1952, V. Saplala; Cotabato: 1♀, Banga, 24-i-1950, L. Uichanco; 1♂, Kidapawan City, 5-vi- 1957, 200 m, P. Narciso; Davao Del Sur: 1♂, Davao City, Mount Apo School, 22–31-x- 1965, 500 m, D. Davis; Davao Oriental: 1♀, Mati, 01-v-1927, R.C. McGregor; 1♂, Mati, Mount Mayo, 8-v-1950, F.Annoneuevo.
Distribution. Philippines (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao).
Remarks. Clypeus with median cleft in both sexes, although weakly to strongly pronounce in males. Phallobase of male genitalia distinctly longer than parameres. The species is well represented in the southern part of the Philippines especially in Mindanao region and less represented in northern part of the country especially in northern and central Luzon areas (Fig. 25). It is also well represented in the eastern coasts of the country especially the Samar and Leyte areas. This is based on the several museum specimens collected and deposited in the country and abroad in the last 100 years (1911–2010). The specimens examined match the digital photographs (provided by Dr. Denis Keith) of the habitus of the syntype specimen deposited at IRSNB, which was used by Ernst Brenske in his publications (Fig. 26). The above syntype specimen and the specimens examined were also similar to digital photographs of the habitus and male genitalia of specimens deposited at Brenske’s collections at ZMHB, which were provided by Dr. Joachim Willers (Fig. 27). The elytral scales were similar in size and distinct for all observed specimens and digital photographs of syntype specimens. The two synonyms of L. irrorata; Leucopholis furforosa Burmeister 1855 and L. pollinosa Burmeister 1855 were also examined using digital photographs of the presumed syntypes provided by Dr. Karla Schneider of MLU, Halle-Wittenberg (Figs. 28–29). The L. furforosa syntype has large, closely packed elytral scales that hide much of the integument, thus the species appeared brown. The L. pollinosa syntype has small elytral scales that are spread further apart from each other and exposing more of the integument, thus the species appeared red. Gray the most common color of L. irrorata that is reflected when the white scales blend with the black integument. However, scales covered with dirt and missing scales change the appearance to the original black or red color of the integument. The elytral scales of both Burmeister syntypes are uniform in size. Aside from these characters both sytypes match the digital photographs of the L. irrorata syntype deposited at IRSNB, which supports the synonymies of L. furforosa and L. pollinosa under L. irrorata.
This species is host to different economically important crops in the Philippines such as Oryza sativa Linnaeus (rice) (Otanes 1923; Gabriel 1968); Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus (sugarcane) (Otanes 1923; Uichanco 1931); Zea may s Linnaeus (maize) (Otanes 1923; Lopez 1930) and Mangifera indica Linnaeus (mango) (Otanes 1923; Gabriel 1997).
description: Published as part of Calcetas, Orlando A. & Adorada, Jessamyn R., 2017, Taxonomic review of the genus Leucopholis Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Leucopholini) in the Philippines, pp. 85-103 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on pages 93-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/293098