cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Surprising Sun
Creators: name: Turck-Chieze, S.
name: Couvidat, S.
name: Piau, L.
name: Ferguson, J.
name: Lambert, P.
name: Ballot, J.
name: Garcia, R. A.
name: Nghiem, P. A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Important revisions of the solar model ingredients appear after 35 years of intense work which have led to an excellent agreement between solar models and solar neutrino detections. We first show that the updated CNO composition suppresses the anomalous position of the Sun in the known galactic enrichment. The following law: He/H= 0.075 + 44.6 O/H in fraction number is now compatible with all the indicators. We then examine the existing discrepancies between the standard model and solar - seismic and neutrino - observations and suggest some directions of investigation to solve them. We update our predicted neutrino fluxes using the recent composition, new nuclear reaction rates and seismic models as the most representative of the central plasma properties. We get 5.31 +- 0.6 10^6/cm^{2}/s for the total ^8B neutrinos, 66.5 SNU and 2.76 SNU for the gallium and chlorine detectors, all in remarquable agreement with the detected values including neutrino oscillations for the last two. We conclude that the acoustic modes and detected neutrinos see the same Sun, but that clear discrepancies in solar modelling encourage further observational and theoretical efforts.
description: 4 pages 3 figures Submitted to Phys. Rev. lett
Quasiparticle interference in altermagnets
Creators: name: Hu, Hao-Ran
name: Wan, Xiangang
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel collinear magnetic phase, termed ``altermagnetism,'' has recently been uncovered, characterized by zero net magnetization and momentum-dependent collinear spin-splitting. To understand the intriguing physical effects of altermagnets and explore their potential applications, it is crucial to analyze both the geometric and spin configurations of altermagnetic Fermi surfaces. Here, we conduct a comprehensive study of the quasiparticle interference (QPI) effects induced by both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities in metallic altermagnets, incorporating the influence of Zeeman splitting and spin-orbit coupling. By examining the QPI patterns for various spin polarizations of magnetic impurities and different spin-probe channels, we identify a series of distinctive signatures that can be used to characterize altermagnetic Fermi surfaces. These predicted signatures can be directly compared with experimental results obtained through spin-resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, this version published in PRB
Alcoholic Beverages and Cigarettes: Complements or Substitutes? A Pseudo Panel Approach
Creators: name: Koksal, Aycan
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
name: Koksal, Aycan
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: cigarette
subject: alcohol
subject: rational addiction
subject: pseudo panel

description: In this paper, using pseudo panel data we analyze the relation between cigarette and alcoholic beverage consumption within the rational addiction framework. We believe that pseudo panel data approach has many advantages compared to aggregate and panel data models. We found that alcoholic beverages are complements for cigarettes, while it is not the same the other way around. Moreover, we found that alcohol is a gateway for cigarette which further supports our conclusion concerning the reinforcing effect of alcohol consumption on cigarette consumption. We believe that drinking works as a trigger for smoking especially in social settings like bars while it is also possible (although less likely) that people who want to cut cigarette consumption might increase alcohol consumption to cope with resulting stress, which induces an asymmetry in cross price elasticities. However we point out that the complementarity relationship is much stronger and significant. Policy implications for the results are explained and the direction for further research is addressed.
Effect of alkali metal cations on adsorption of guar gum onto quartz
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effect of alkali metal chlorides (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl) on the adsorption of guar gum, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, onto quartz from dilute aqueous solutions of the electrolytes was investigated. The adsorption of guar gum onto quartz and the resulting colloidal stability of the system were determined through adsorption, zeta potential and turbidity measurements. This thesis analyzes a previously undescribed phenomenon of enhanced polysaccharide adsorption in the presence of cesium and potassium cations. At the same time, lithium and sodium cations show no effect on the polysaccharide adsorption density compared to that observed in distilled water. These differences in the behavior of the simple alkali chlorides are attributed to their water structure breaking or water structure making capabilities. In this approach, since hydrogen bonding is the main adsorption mechanism, the polymer adsorption process is treated as a competition between polymer and water molecules for polar surface sites on the quartz surface. While water structure-breaking cations disturb the interfacial water layer allowing guar gum to more densely adsorb on the exposed surface silanol groups, structure-making cations better fit into the interfacial water layer and do not affect the guar gum-water competition for the polar surface sites. The results strongly suggest that simple alkali metal chlorides are not totally indifferent, and even in dilute solutions their water-structure making/breaking capabilities should be taken into account to better understand the behavior of a model system such as quartz-guar gum. The study is relevant to several industrial flotation processes where polysaccharides are used as selective depressants. This thesis should be a valuable contribution to our understanding of the mechanisms of polysaccharide adsorption on mineral surfaces.
title: Multilingualism and third language acquisition
title: Learning and teaching trends
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: multilingualism
subject: language acquisition
subject: language learning
subject: language teaching
subject: 400 Sprache::400 Sprache::400 Sprache

description: The purpose of this book is to present recent studies in the field of multilingualism and L3, bringing together contributions from an international group of specialists from Austria, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and United States. The main focuses of the articles are three: language acquisition, language learning and teaching. A collection of theoretical and empirical articles from scholars of multilingualism and language acquisition makes the book a significant resource as the papers present a wide perspective from main theories to current issues, reflecting new trends in the field. The authors focus on the heterogeneity and complexity that characterize third language acquisition, multilingual learning and teaching. As the issues addressed in this book intersect, it represents an asset and therefore the texts will be of great relevance for the scientific community. Part I presents different topics of L3 acquisition, such as syntax, phonology, working memory and selective attention, and lexicon. Part II comprises texts that show how the research on language acquisition informs pedagogical issues. For instance, the role of the knowledge of previous languages in the teaching of L3, the attitudes of multilingual teachers to plurilingual approaches, and the benefits of crosslinguistic pedagogy versus classroom monolingual bias. In sequence, Part III consists of texts on individual learning strategies, such as motivation and attitudes, crosslinguistic awareness, and students’ perceptions about teachers’ “plurilingual nonnativism”.
First Detection of Two Superoutbursts during Rebrightening Phase of a WZ Sge-type Dwarf Nova: TCP J21040470+4631129
Creators: name: Tampo, Yusuke
name: Naoto, Kojiguchi
name: Isogai, Keisuke
name: Kato, Taichi
name: Kimura, Mariko
name: Wakamatsu, Yasuyuki
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Vanmunster, Tonny
name: Tordai, Tamás
name: Akazawa, Hidehiko
name: Mugas, Felipe
name: Nishiumi, Taku
name: Béjar, Víctor J. S.
name: Kawauchi, Kiyoe
name: Crouzet, Nicolas
name: Watanabe, Noriharu
name: Casasayas-Barris, Núria
name: Terada, Yuka
name: Fukui, Akihiko
name: Narita, Norio
name: Palle, Enric
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Kusakabe, Nobuhiko
name: Alonso, Roi
name: Itoh, Hiroshi
name: Sokolovsky, Kirill
name: McIntyre, Brandon
name: Leahy-McGregor, Jesse
name: Brincat, Stephen M.
name: Dubovsky, Pavol A.
name: Medulka, Tomáš
name: Kudzej, Igor
name: Pavlenko, Elena P.
name: Antonyuk, Kirill A.
name: Pit, Nikolaj V.
name: Antonyuk, Oksana I.
name: Babina, Julia V.
name: Baklanov, Aleksei V.
name: Sklyanov, Aleksander S.
name: Zubareva, Alexandra M.
name: Belinski, Aleksandr A.
name: Dodin, Alexandr V.
name: Burlak, Marina A.
name: Ikonnikova, Natalia P.
name: Mishin, Egor O.
name: Potanin, Sergey A.
name: Miller, Ian
name: Richmond, Michael
name: Pickard, Roger D.
name: Galdies, Charles
name: Mizutani, Masanori
name: Menzies, Kenneth
name: Stone, Geoffrey
name: Ruiz, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report photometric and spectroscopic observations and analysis of the 2019 superoutburst of TCP J21040470+4631129. This object showed a 9-mag superoutburst with early superhumps and ordinary superhumps, which are the features of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. Five rebrightenings were observed after the main superoutburst. The spectra during the post-superoutburst stage showed the Balmer, He I and possible sodium doublet features. The mass ratio is derived as 0.0880(9) from the period of the superhump. During the third and fifth rebrightenings, growing superhumps and superoutbursts were observed, which have never been detected during a rebrightening phase among WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with multiple rebrightenings. To induce a superoutburst during the brightening phase, the accretion disk was needed to expand beyond the 3:1 resonance radius of the system again after the main superoutburst. These peculiar phenomena can be explained by the enhanced viscosity and large radius of the disk suggested by the higher luminosity and the presence of late-stage superhumps during the post-superoutburst stage, plus by more mass supply from the cool mass reservoir and/or from the secondary because of the enhanced mass transfer than those of other WZ Sge-type dwarf novae.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
The Implications of Alternative Biofuel Policies on Carbon Leakage
Creators: name: Drabik, Dusan
name: De Gorter, Harry
name: Just, David R.
name: Drabik, Dusan
name: De Gorter, Harry
name: Just, David R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: biofuels
subject: market leakage
subject: carbon leakage
subject: emissions savings
subject: domestic leakage
subject: tax credit
subject: mandate

description: We show how leakage differs, depending on the biofuel policy and market conditions. Carbon leakage is shown to have two components: a market leakage effect and an emissions savings effect. We also distinguish domestic and international leakage and show how omitting the former like the IPCC does can bias leakage estimates. International leakage is always positive, but domestic leakage can be negative. The magnitude of market leakage depends on the domestic and foreign gasoline supply and fuel demand elasticities, and on consumption and production shares of world oil markets for the country introducing the biofuel policy. Being a small country in world oil markets does not automatically imply that leakage is 100 percent or above that of a large country. We show leakage due to a tax credit is always greater than that of a mandate, while the combination of a mandate and subsidy generates greater leakage than a mandate alone. In general, one gallon of ethanol is found to replace only 0.35 gallons of gasoline – not one gallon as assumed by life-cycle accounting. For the United States, this translates into one (gasoline-equivalent) gallon of ethanol emitting 1.13 times more carbon than a gallon of gasoline if indirect land use change (iLUC) is not included in the estimated emissions savings effect and 1.43 times more when iLUC is included.
title: Inclusão produtiva por meio de mercados alimentares digitais: desafios para a construção de estratégias cooperativas solidárias
title: Productive inclusion through digital food markets: challenges for building cooperative solidarity strategies
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Niederle, Paulo
name: Schneider, Sergio
name: Grisa, Catia
name: Schubert, Maycon
name: Haas, Jaqueline
name: Bolter, Jairo
name: Schneider, Evandro Pedro
name: Conterato, Marcelo Antonio
name: Gazolla, Marcio
name: Oliveira, Daniela
name: Preiss, Potira
name: Machado, Cidonea Deponti
name: Silva, Joel da
name: Lima, Arlindo Jesus Prestes de
name: Wesendonck, Claudia
name: Cassol, Abel
name: Gubert, José Eduardo
name: Tonin, Jeferson
name: Deggerone, Zenicléia Angelita
name: Brasil, Natalia
Publisher: name: Cátedra Itinerante Inclusão Produtiva Rural
Year: 2021

description: This text summarizes the initial reflections of the team of researchers working on the project "Productive Inclusion in a Context of Multiple Transitions - digital technologies, access to markets and the promotion of healthy and sustainable food systems", developed within the framework of CEBRAP Sustainability's Itinerant Chair on Productive Inclusion in Rural and Inland Brazil. Based on a dialogue with recent literature and preliminary results from exploratory research conducted in January and February 2021, the document summarizes the main challenges to consolidating the digital marketing platforms that have been created by family farming and solidarity economy organizations. Among these challenges, those that relate most directly to promotingthe promotion of "productive inclusion". It is worth remembering that the research question guiding the project aims to understand how digital technologies can enable the inclusion of social segments of farmers and consumers who have historically been marginalized and relegated by both public policies and corporate development strategies.

----

Este texto sintetiza reflexões iniciais da equipe de pesquisadores do projeto “Inclusão Produtiva em um Contexto de Múltiplas Transições – tecnologias digitais, acesso a mercados e promoção de sistemas alimentares saudáveis e sustentáveis”, desenvolvidono âmbito da Cátedra Itinerante Inclusão Produtiva no Brasil rural e interiorano do CEBRAP Sustentabilidade. A partir do diálogo com a literatura recente e de resultados preliminares de pesquisa exploratória conduzida em janeiro e fevereiro de 2021, odocumento sumariza os principais desafios à consolidação das plataformas digitais de comercialização que vêm sendo criadas por organizações da agricultura familiar e economia solidária. Dentre esses desafios, privilegiam-se aqueles que se relacionam demaneira mais direta com a promoção da “inclusão produtiva”. Cabe lembrar que a questão de pesquisa que orienta o projeto se propõe a entender como as tecnologias digitais podem viabilizar a inclusão de segmentos sociais de agricultores e consumidores que foram historicamente marginalizados e relegados tanto pelas políticas públicas como pelas estratégias empresariais de desenvolvimento.
Electronic Structure and Dynamics of Quantum-Well States in thin Yb-Metal Films
Creators: name: Wegner, D.
name: Bauer, A.
name: Kaindl, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-well states above the Fermi energy in thin Yb(111)-metal films deposited on a W(110) single crystal were studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. These states are laterally highly localized and give rise to sharp peaks in the tunneling spectra. A quantitative analysis of the spectra yields the bulk-band dispersion in Gamma - L direction as well as quasi-particle lifetimes. The quadratic energy dependence of the lifetimes is in quantitative agreement with Fermi-liquid theory.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; Submitted to PRL; Version 2: introduction revised and references added
Catalogue of central stars of planetary nebulae: Expanded edition
Creators: name: Weidmann, W. A.
name: Mari, M. B.
name: Schmidt, E. O.
name: Gaspar, G.
name: Bertolami, M. M. Miller
name: Oio, A. G.
name: Gutiérrez-Soto, L. A.
name: Volpe, M. G.
name: Gamen, R.
name: Mast, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85A15

description: Planetary nebulae represent a potential late stage of stellar evolution, however the central stars (CSPNe) are relatively faint and therefore pertinent information is merely available for <20% of the Galactic sample. Consequently, the literature was surveyed to construct a new catalogue of 620 CSPNe featuring important spectral classifications and information. The catalogue supersedes the existing iteration by 25%, and includes physical parameters such as luminosity, surface gravity, temperature, magnitude estimates, and references for published spectra. The marked statistical improvement enabled the following pertinent conclusions to be determined: the H-rich/H-poor ratio is 2:1, there is a deficiency of CSPNe with types [WC 5-6], and nearly 80% of binary central stars belong to the H-rich group. The last finding suggests that evolutionary scenarios leading to the formation of binary central stars interfere with the conditions required for the formation of H-poor CSPN. Approximately 50% of the sample with derived values of log L, log Teff, and log g, exhibit masses and ages consistent with single stellar evolutionary models. The implication is that single stars are indeed able to form planetary nebulae. Moreover, it is shown that H-poor CSPNe are formed by higher mass progenitors. The catalogue is available through the Vizier database.
description: Accepted to be published in the A&A
On the posterior distribution of the number of components in a finite mixture
Creators: name: Nobile, Agostino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F15. (Primary)

description: The posterior distribution of the number of components k in a finite mixture satisfies a set of inequality constraints. The result holds irrespective of the parametric form of the mixture components and under assumptions on the prior distribution weaker than those routinely made in the literature on Bayesian analysis of finite mixtures. The inequality constraints can be used to perform an ``internal'' consistency check of MCMC estimates of the posterior distribution of k and to provide improved estimates which are required to satisfy the constraints. Bounds on the posterior probability of k components are derived using the constraints. Implications on prior distribution specification and on the adequacy of the posterior distribution of k as a tool for selecting an adequate number of components in the mixture are also explored.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000788 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of MethGET: web-based bioinformatics software for correlating genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression
Creators: name: Chin-Sheng Teng
name: Bing-Heng Wu
name: Ming-Ren Yen
name: Chen, Pao-Yang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Step-by-step tutorial of the MethGET web interface.
Developing a lactate-inducible transgene expression system for use in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Creators: name: Motraghi, Charles
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The accumulation of lactate during cultivation of mammalian cells for biopharmaceutical production is a longstanding issue affecting glycosylation quality and productivity. Many approaches exist to mitigate its impact, either through the replacement of glucose with slowly metabolised sugars, dynamic feeding strategies, or host cell engineering. The manipulation of genes in this latter approach is constitutive and may suboptimally respond to cellular needs. The LldR proteins from Corynebacterium glutamicum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been used in this project to create a lactate-inducible transgene expression system, which can be used subsequently to dynamically drive expression of proteins previously targeted to mitigate the accumulation of lactate. Expression and purification of these LldR proteins, fused to transcriptional effector domains in various orientations and with fusion linkers in certain cases, allowed in vitro characterisation and optimisation of the constituent parts of the inducible system. This provided crucial information in some cases about the need to use a flexible linker between LldR and a VP64 transactivation domain. In vivo experimentation of these optimised systems showed significant levels of induction in response to 20 mM lactate, with a 3.46-fold decrease in expression seen for one construct. Some preliminary work was also carried out with Cas9-VPR, which was shown to be able to upregulate transiently transfected genes up to 1.6-fold. In the future, this will be a useful tool for upregulating multiple previously identified targets, as well as helping to find new beneficial targets. The general approach outlined here for the development of this lactate-inducible transgene expression system will be appropriate for any other such project where the ligand of interest is a central metabolite. Inherently weaker induction might be a feature of such a system, given the presence of the inducer at low and relatively benign or neutral concentrations throughout a period of interest; testing an unoptimised system in mammalian cells may return little or no detectable induction signal and therefore it will not be straightforward to optimise such a system solely through the use of in vivo experimentation. In vitro characterisation of the inducible system components, as performed here, can provide essential feedback regarding the impact of effector domain fusion and operator design on the DNA-binding affinity of the biosensor prior to in vivo testing. The work in this thesis will allow the future exploration of dynamically regulated host cell engineering designed to combat the lactate accumulation phenotype.
Uncertainty and Producer Fed Cattle Marketing Decisions: Theory and Evidence
Creators: name: Fausti, Scott W.
name: Lange, Brent
name: Fausti, Scott W.
name: Lange, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: quality uncertainty
subject: risk
subject: market structure
subject: slaughter cattle markets

description: The effect of carcass quality uncertainty on the structure of the slaughter cattle market is investigated. A theoretical extension of the "Theory of Factor Price Disparity" is provided. It is demonstrated that the coexistence of a risk premium wedge between pricing mechanisms (live wt., dressed wt., and grid) in conjunction with varying degrees of risk aversion across fed cattle producers explains the coexistence of multiple pricing mechanisms. It is also demonstrated that risk and risk preference provides a plausible explanation for the structure of the fed cattle market and for the variability in slaughter volume across marketing channels. Empirical evidence is provided in support of the supposition that carcass quality uncertainty plays a role in grid market share variability.
description: This article has been submitted to the CJAE.
Neutron wave packet tomography
Creators: name: Badurek, G.
name: Facchi, P.
name: Hasegawa, Y.
name: Hradil, Z.
name: Pascazio, S.
name: Rauch, H.
name: Rehacek, J.
name: Yoneda, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A tomographic technique is introduced in order to determine the quantum state of the center of mass motion of neutrons. An experiment is proposed and numerically analyzed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Smiley or Frowney: The effect of emotions and framing in a downstream water pollution game
Creators: name: Czap, Hans J.
name: Czap, Natalia V.
name: Khachaturyan, Marianna
name: Burbach, Mark E.
name: Lynne, Gary D.
name: Czap, Hans J.
name: Czap, Natalia V.
name: Khachaturyan, Marianna
name: Burbach, Mark E.
name: Lynne, Gary D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: empathy framing
subject: self-interest framing
subject: emotions
subject: water pollution
subject: environmental experiment
subject: reward and punishment.

description: Common-pool resources and other shared resources frequently suffer from overextraction/overuse and associated negative externalities. In this paper we design a framed laboratory experiment on downstream water pollution to investigate (a) the importance of framing in determining the behavior of upstreamers regarding the negative externalities, and (b) the potential of downstreamers to influence the choices of upstreamers using non-monetary sanctions and rewards, alleviating the need for intervention by the local governments and regulatory institutions. Our results show that framing has a significant impact on the behavior of subjects. Subjects behaved more profit-oriented in the self-interest framing and more egalitarian in the empathy framing. In addition, we show that nudging subjects to “walk in the shoes of others” significantly increased empathetic behavior. Lastly, negative emotional feedback is a powerful tool for changing behavior of subjects towards more environmentally friendly and empathetic behavior. Interestingly, positive emotional feedback is counterproductive in that it instead decreases environmentally friendly and empathetic behavior. In general our results indicate that explicit emotional feedback, even though not expressed by everyone, works similarly to the implicit appeal to emotions through framing.
Development of a bunching ionizer for TOF mass spectrometers with reduced resources
Creators: name: Kawashima, Oya
name: Kasahara, Satoshi
name: Saito, Yoshifumi
name: Hirahara, Masafumi
name: Asamura, Kazushi
name: Yokota, Shoichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some types of mass spectrometers, such as Time of Flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MSs), it is necessary to control pulsed beams of ions. This can be easily accomplished by applying a pulsed voltage to the pusher electrode while the ionizer is continuously flowing ions. This method is preferred for its simplicity, although the ion utilization efficiency is not optimized. Here we employed another pulse-control method with a higher ion utilization rate, which is to bunch ions and kick them out instead of letting them stream. The benefit of this method is that higher sensitivity can be achieved; since the start of new ions cannot be allowed during TOF separation, it is highly advantageous to bunch ions that would otherwise be unusable. In this study, we used analytical and numerical methods to design a new bunching ionizer with reduced resources, adopting the principle of electrostatic ion beam trap. The test model experimentally demonstrated the bunching performance with respect to sample gas density and ion bunching time using gas samples and electron impact ionization. We also conducted an experiment in connection with a miniature TOF-MS, and showed that the sensitivity was improved by more than one order of magnitude using the newly developed ionizer. Since the device is capable of bunching ions with lower voltage and lower power consumption (~100 V, ~0.8 W) compared with conventional RF ion trap bunchers (several kilovolts, ~10 W), it will be possible to find applications in portable mass spectrometer with reduced resources.
Deconstructing NGC 7130
Creators: name: Levenson, N. A.
name: Weaver, K. A.
name: Heckman, T. M.
name: Awaki, H.
name: Terashima, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the Seyfert 2 and starburst galaxy NGC 7130 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory illustrate that both of these phenomena contribute significantly to the galaxy's detectable X-ray emission. The active galactic nucleus (AGN) is strongly obscured, buried beneath column density N_H > 10^{24} cm^{-2}, and it is most evident in a prominent Fe K alpha emission line with equivalent width greater than 1 keV. The AGN accounts for most (60%) of the observed X-rays at energy E > 2 keV, with the remainder due to spatially extended star formation. The soft X-ray emission is strong and predominantly thermal, on both small and large scales. We attribute the thermal emission to stellar processes. In total, the AGN is responsible for only one-third of the observed 0.5--10 keV luminosity of 3 x 10^{41} erg/s of this galaxy, and less than half of its bolometric luminosity. Starburst/AGN composite galaxies like NGC 7130 are truly common, and similar examples may contribute significantly to the high-energy cosmic X-ray background while remaining hidden at lower energies, especially if they are distant.
description: To appear in ApJ, January 1, 2005
Investigations of Pb and Ni uptake in cementitious environments
Creators: name: Plausinaitis, Kristijonas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: In this work, Pb and Ni uptake in a highly alkaline near-field cementitious environment is investigated. Significant quantities of Pb occur in intermediate-level radioactive wastes (ILW) that will be held in a UK geological disposal facility (GDF). Pb is chemotoxic and a priority for risk assessments as part of the GDF safety-case. Ni will occur in nuclear waste as radioactive isotopes 59Ni and 63Ni. Therefore, it is important to understand their migration and retardation behaviour within the engineered barriers of a GDF. Specifically, in the cementitious material which might be used to backfill the ILW vaults. One such material is the Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB). In this work, three aspects of NRVB behaviour were investigated: the amount of Pb and Ni ions adsorbed by NRVB, whether that adsorption is reversible, and the phases in NRVB that primarily control the uptake. To reflect the GDF scenario, batch sorption analysis was performed of Pb and Ni uptake onto hydrated NRVB. Pb batch sorption experiments were also carried out on constituent components (CEM-1, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels. The results indicate Langmuir-type sorption onto the NRVB. Desorption experiments suggested that, on these experimental timescales, Pb sorption is reversible, in contrast to previous studies where Pb was introduced during cement curing. Surface analysis techniques found that Pb is homogeneously distributed on the NRVB surface, suggesting that the dominant sorbent phase is C-S-H gel; a hypothesis consistent with the batch sorption measurements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (results suggest that Pb is linked to the C-S-H gel through Si–O–Pb bonds. In contrast, Ni sorption investigations were complicated by the extremely low solubility-limit of Ni at the pH of NRVB, and trace Ni in the NRVB itself. Precipitation of Ni-based hydroxides and layered double-hydroxides dominate the sequestration mechanisms over any surface adsorption.
Internal kinematics of giant H II regions in M101 with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager
Creators: name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Rizzi, Luca
name: Ho, I-Ting
name: Terlevich, Roberto
name: Terlevich, Elena
name: Telles, Eduardo
name: Chavez, Ricardo
name: Basilakos, Spyros
name: Plionis, Manolis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the kinematics of the giant H II regions NGC 5455 and NGC 5471 located in the galaxy M101, using integral field observations that include the Hbeta and [O III] 5007 emission lines, obtained with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager. We analyse the line profiles using both single and multiple Gaussian curves, gathering evidence for the presence of several expanding shells and moving filaments. The line decomposition shows that a broad (sigma = 30-50 km/s) underlying component is ubiquitous, extending across hundreds of pc, while a large fraction of the narrow components have subsonic line widths. The supersonic turbulence inferred from the global line profiles is consistent with the velocity dispersion of the individual narrow components, i.e. the global profiles likely arise from the combined contribution of discrete gas clouds. We confirm the presence of very extended (400 - 1200 km/s) low-intensity line components in three bright star-forming cores in NGC 5471, possibly representing kinematic signatures of supernova remnants. For one of these, the known supernova remnant host NGC 5471 B, we find a significantly reduced [O III]/Hbeta line ratio relative to the surrounding photoionized gas, due to the presence of a radiative shock at low metallicity. We explore the systematic width discrepancy between H I and [O III] lines, present in both global and individual spaxel spectra. We argue that the resolution of this long-standing problem lies in the physics of the line-emitting gas rather than in the smearing effects induced by the different thermal widths.
description: 20 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Supplementary material from Substantial variability in morphological scaling among bumblebee colonies
Creators: name: Perl, C. D.
name: Johansen, Z. B.
name: Jie, V. W.
name: Moradinour, Z.
name: Guiraud, M.
name: Restrepo, C. E.
name: Miettinen, A.
name: Baird, E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary tables and supplementary figure references
The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Curcumin
Creators: name: KM Nelson
name: JL Dahlin
name: J Bisson
name: J Graham
name: GF Pauli
name: MA Walters
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: © 2017 American Chemical Society. Curcumin is a constituent (up to ∼5%) of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Interest in the therapeutic use of turmeric and the relative ease of isolation of curcuminoids has led to their extensive investigation. Curcumin has recently been classified as both a PAINS (pan-assay interference compounds) and an IMPS (invalid metabolic panaceas) candidate. The likely false activity of curcumin in vitro and in vivo has resulted in >120 clinical trials of curcuminoids against several diseases. No double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial of curcumin has been successful. This manuscript reviews the essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin and provides evidence that curcumin is an unstable, reactive, nonbioavailable compound and, therefore, a highly improbable lead. On the basis of this in-depth evaluation, potential new directions for research on curcuminoids are discussed.
Additional file 2 of Differentiation and localization of interneurons in the developing spinal cord depends on DOT1L expression
Creators: name: Cristoforis, Angelica Gray De
name: Ferrari, Francesco
name: Clotman, Frédéric
name: Vogel, Tanja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. List of Antibodies.
The First Spin-Orbit Obliquity of an M dwarf/brown dwarf System: An eccentric and aligned TOI-2119 b
Creators: name: Doyle, Lauren
name: Cañas, Caleb I.
name: Libby-Roberts, Jessica E.
name: Cegla, Heather M.
name: Stefánsson, Guðmundur K.
name: Anderson, David
name: Armstrong, David J.
name: Bender, Chad
name: Bayliss, Daniel
name: Carmichael, Theron W.
name: Casewell, Sarah
name: Kanodia, Shubham
name: Lafarga, Marina
name: Lin, Andrea S. J.
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Monson, Andy
name: Robertson, Paul
name: Veras, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first instance of an M dwarf/brown dwarf obliquity measurement for the TOI-2119 system using the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. TOI-2119 b is a transiting brown dwarf orbiting a young, active early M dwarf ($T_{\rm{eff}}$ = 3553 K). It has a mass of 64.4 M$_{\rm{J}}$ and radius of 1.08 R$_{\rm{J}}$, with an eccentric orbit ($e$ = 0.3) at a period of 7.2 days. For this analysis, we utilise NEID spectroscopic transit observations and ground based simultaneous transit photometry from the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) and the Las Campanas Remote Observatory (LCRO). We fit all available data of TOI-2119 b to refine the brown dwarf parameters and update the ephemeris. The classical Rossiter-McLaughlin technique yields a projected star-planet obliquity of $λ=-0.8\pm1.1^\circ$ and a three-dimensional obliquity of $ψ=15.7\pm5.5^\circ$. Additionally, we spatially resolve the stellar surface of TOI-2119 utilising the Reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin technique to determine the projected star-planet obliquity as $λ=1.26 \pm 1.3^{\circ}$. Both of these results agree within $2σ$ and confirm the system is aligned, where TOI-2119 b joins an emerging group of aligned brown dwarf obliquities. We also probe stellar surface activity on the surface of TOI-2119 in the form of centre-to-limb variations as well as the potential for differential rotation. Overall, we find tentative evidence for centre-to-limb variations on the star but do not detect evidence of differential rotation.
description: Accepted and published in MNRAS. 12 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.12163
The Value of EU Agricultural Landscape
Creators: name: Pavel, Ciaian
name: Gomez Y Paloma, Sergio
name: Pavel, Ciaian
name: Gomez Y Paloma, Sergio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: landscape
subject: benefit transfer
subject: WTP

description: The present paper provides a meta-analysis of agricultural landscape valuation studies and through the estimated benefit transfer function it projects the value of EU landscape. The analyses are based on information from more than thirty European and Non-European studies which use stated preference approach to uncover the society's willingness to pay (WTP) for landscape. Our calculations show that, the per hectare WTP in EU varies between 89 and 169 €/ha with an average value of 142 €/ha in 2009. Further the calculations indicate that the total value of EU landscape in 2009 is estimated to be in the range of €16.1 – 30.8 billion per year, with an average of €25.8 billion, representing around 7.5 percent of the total value of EU agricultural production and roughly half of the CAP expenditures.
An analysis of stakeholder perceptions regarding the closure of the Highland Valley Copper Mine
Creators: name: Roberts, Stephen Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The focus of mine closure policies and practice in British Columbia has undergone considerable change since the first closure laws were enacted in the late 1960s. Even though the technical standards for determining what constitutes a successful mine reclamation project have risen considerably over the past three decades, the public’s growing hostility toward the industry suggests that expectations have risen even faster. In response to the public’s rising expectations, the mining industry has begun to develop new policies for integrating sustainable development principles into their closure planning models, but creating a systematic and transparent framework for measuring and reporting actual system performance remains elusive. Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) may provide part of the solution, but a problem with many of the proposed indicator systems is that they focus too narrowly on biophysical impacts while neglecting social and economic impacts. Furthermore, most indicator systems were developed by and for experts, thus making them ill-suited for describing system performance from the perspective of those living in the affected communities. To facilitate greater public understanding those charged with developing policies for mine closure and reclamation need to work with stakeholders to develop a set of “sustainability proofs” that simply and effectively communicates to the local community how the company’s reclamation and closure program will assist the community in making the transition to a post-mining economy. This case study of the Highland Valley Copper (HVC) mine presents a framework for identifying these indicators that utilizes a heuristic model to integrate expert advice with local knowledge. Twenty stakeholders were interviewed to determine their perceptions of the quality and focus of HVC’s closure planning and reclamation program to date. Despite the fact that the community’s capacity for effective long-term consultation is limited, the results underscore the fact that local stakeholders fully expect to be involved in preparing the final closure plan. There is a clear preference for a closure plan that would allow another industrial user to assume partial control over the site. Evidence was provided which suggests that aesthetics play an important function for evaluating the effectiveness of HVC’s reclamation program. Finally, the issue of third party liability is seen as an important impediment to any plan to have the site support a follow-on industry. The limitations of the study and future directions for research are also discussed. Key Words: Aesthetics, Community Capacity, Highland Valley Copper mine, Mine Closure and Reclamation Policy, Public Consultation, Sustainable Development Indicators
Mobilität in ländlichen Räumen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung bedarfsgesteuerter Bedienformen des ÖPNV
Creators: name: Kupper, Patrick
name: Steinruck, Barbara
name: Kupper, Patrick
name: Steinruck, Barbara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Mobilität im ländlichen Raum
subject: öffentlicher Personennahverkehr
subject: bedarfsgesteuerte Bedienformen
subject: Alternativen zum ÖPNV
subject: mobility in rural areas
subject: public transport
subject: demand responsive transport
subject: alternatives beyond public transport

description: Zusammenfassung : In der verkehrspolitischen Diskussion werden bedarfsgesteuerte Angebotsformen des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV) vielfach als geeignete Ergänzung des sich in nachfrageschwachen Räumen ausdünnenden traditionellen ÖPNV betrachtet, um auf den Qualitätsnachteil gegenüber dem motorisierten Individualverkehr (MIV), den demographischen Wandel und die Flexibilisierung der Mobilitätsnachfrage zu reagieren. Die vorliegende Studie wertet Literatur dazu aus, welchen Beitrag bedarfsgesteuerte Bedienformen des ÖPNV leisten können, um ein Grundangebot von Mobilität in ländlichen Räumen aufrechtzuerhalten. Als das größte Hemmnis für die Einführung bedarfsgesteuerter Bedienformen stellt sich der niedrige Kostendeckungsgrad heraus. Die Kosten pro Fahrgast reichen teilweise an die Kosten einer Taxibenutzung heran. Da der Besetzungsgrad pro Fahrt meist kaum höher als im MIV ist, weist diese Form des ÖPNV keinen ökologischen Vorteil auf. Wegen der begrenzten Potentiale bedarfsgesteuerter Bedienformen werden in der Studie weitere Ansätze jenseits des sowohl traditionellen als auch bedarfsgesteuerten ÖPNV näher betrachtet. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary: In transport policy debates, demand responsive transport is often seen as feasible to deal with quality deficiencies compared to individual motor car traffic, demographic transition and more flexible demand of mobility. These alternative services could supplement the decreasing supply of traditional public transport and assure a basic mobility service in areas with a low and disperse demand. Based on a review of scientific literature, in this study, it is analysed, how demand responsive transport can contribute to a basic provision of mobility in rural areas. The results indicate a low potential of demand responsive transport, mainly due to the low revenue-to-cost ratio of such services. The costs per passenger can even approximate the fees of a taxi ride. Since the number of passengers per ride is often not higher then in individual motor car traffic, the ecological advantage of this public transport system is doubtful. Due to the limited potential of demand responsive transport, the study deals with further alternatives beyond traditional and demand responsive public transport.
An interstellar origin for high-inclination Centaurs
Creators: name: Namouni, Fathi
name: Morais, Helena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible origins of real high-inclination Centaurs and trans-neptunian objects using a high-resolution statistical search for stable orbits that simulates their evolution back in time to the epoch when planet formation ended 4.5 billion years in the past. The simulation is a precise orbit determination method that does not involve ad hoc initial conditions or assumptions such as those found in planetesimal disk relaxation models upon which their conclusions depend. It can therefore be used to independently test origin theories based on relaxation models by examining the past orbits of specific real objects. Here, we examined 17 multiple-opposition high-inclination Centaurs and the two polar trans-neptunian objects 2008 KV42 and (471325) 2011 KT19. The statistical distributions show that their orbits were nearly polar 4.5 Gyr in the past, and were located in the scattered disk and inner Oort cloud regions. Early polar inclinations cannot be accounted for by current Solar system formation theory as the early planetesimal system must have been nearly flat in order to explain the low-inclination asteroid and Kuiper belts. Furthermore, the early scattered disk and inner Oort cloud regions are believed to have been devoid of Solar system material as the planetesimal disk could not have extended far beyond Neptune's current orbit in order to halt the planet's outward migration. The nearly polar orbits of high-inclination Centaurs 4.5 Gyr in the past therefore indicate their probable early capture from the interstellar medium.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures