cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: HIV-1 in the United Kingdom: population dynamics and genetic evolution
Creators: name: Foster, Geraldine
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Background: Phylogenetic characterisation of local HIV-1 epidemics can be used to understand emerging transmission networks. We analysed subtype-unassigned sequences in the UK HIV Drug Resistance Database (UK HIV DRD) to map the emergence and origin of genetically diverse recombinant strains using phylogenetic analyses, near full-length sequencing of plasma HIV-1 and CD4 cell count decline. Methods: 55,556 genotyped pol sequences (protease amino acids 1-99, RT amino acids 1-234) were analysed for evidence of recombination. Near full-length single genome sequencing of plasma HIV-1 was performed on stored specimens from six patients with a putative A1/D novel recombinant strain. Recombination and phylogenetic analyses were performed using RIP, PhyML, jpHMM, Simplot, SCUEAL and FastTree v2.3.1. Evolutionary analysis of putative novel recombinants was performed using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis by Sampling Trees (BEAST). Geographic screening for additional instances of recombinant structures was performed using HIV BLAST and the Los Alamos National HIV database. Demographic data were available for 50/72 patients. CD4 cell count decline was assessed using linear regression. Results: The proportion of subtype-unassigned HIV-1 strains in the UK HIV DRD increased significantly during 1999-2008 (p=
Additional file 2 of Influence of community scorecards on maternal and newborn health service delivery and utilization
Creators: name: Kiracho, Elizabeth Ekirapa
name: Namuhani, Noel
name: Apolot, Rebecca Racheal
name: Aanyu, Christine
name: Aloysuis Mutebi
name: Tetui, Moses
name: Kiwanuka, Suzanne N.
name: Ayen, Faith Adong
name: Mwesige, Dennis
name: Bumbha, Ahmed
name: Paina, Ligia
name: Peters, David H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.Designing for Scale and Taking Scale to Account: Lessons from a community score card project in Uganda.
title: Die Entwicklung der Markenstrategien von Premiumautomobilherstellern für die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Elektrofahrzeugen
Creators: name: Cour, Cai <>
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Entwicklung der Markenstrategien von Automobilherstellern in Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Elektromobilität. Eine empirische Studie der Markenstrategie anhand der Porsche AG.
title: Das "zivilisierte Reisen (wenming lüyou)" als kulturelle Soft-Power in der chinesischen Tourismus-Diplomatie
Creators: name: Krta, Michael
Year: 2023

description: In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zeichnete sich in den internationalen Beziehungen eine Erweiterung von der politischen auf die öffentliche Ebene ab, was nicht zuletzt darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass durch das Aufkommen der sozialen Medien, des verstärkten kulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Austausches, und der internationalen Informationsübertragungen die Öffentlichkeit als zusätzlicher Akteur mit einbezogen wird, um das Image eines Landes in der Welt zu beeinflussen. In dieser Hinsicht wird von der VR China auch dem Tourismus eine besondere Bedeutung zugeschrieben, da insbesondere Reisende in der Lage sind, im Ausland ein Bild von sich, oder besser gesagt, ihres Herkunftslandes zu vermitteln. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu untersuchen, inwiefern bestimmte Konzepte der VR-chinesischen Tourismusdiplomatie und insbesondere das Prinzip des „zivilisierten Reisens“ anhand offizieller Dokumente und anhand der Umsetzung ihrer Vorgaben im Fallbeispiel Schweiz als Tourismusdestination sichtbar gemacht werden können. Um diese Zielsetzung zu verfolgen, wird in dieser Masterarbeit eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse offizieller Dokumente wie dem Tourismusgesetz von 2013 und dem entsprechenden Fünfjahresplan von 2016, sowie ausgesuchter auf das Fallbeispiel bezogene online verfügbarer Informationen wie Mitteilungen der konsularischen Dienste oder Angebote von Reiseanbietern und -plattformen, durchgeführt.
title: Transcatheter hepatic therapy with irinotecan eluting beads (DEBIRI) for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases
Creators: name: Jones, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Background There is growing interest in preoperative chemotherapy for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) but personalising treatments to maximise response and minimise toxicity remains a challenge. Transcatheter hepatic therapy with irinotecan-eluting beads (DEBIRI) allows targeted delivery of irinotecan direct to CRLM. However, the safety and efficacy of DEBIRI in a preoperative setting has not yet been defined. In addition, very little is understood about why response to DEBIRI varies between patients. Aims This thesis had 2 key aims: (1) To assess the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant DEBIRI (2) To investigate inter-patient variations in treatment response. Methods Patients with resectable CRLM received a single treatment with DEBIRI 1 month prior to surgery (maximal dose 200mg). The primary end-point of the study was R0 tumour resectability. Hepatic parenchyma and CRLM were sampled at the time of resection. Hepatic expression of key metabolising enzymes was assessed using mass spectrometry based proteomics. Hepatic irinotecan metabolism was characterised and correlated with tumour response. Results DEBIRI was successfully administered in 40 patients. 1 patient (3%) developed post-DEBIRI pancreatitis. All 40 proceeded to surgery, with 38 undergoing resection. 30 day operative mortality was 5%, morbidity 27.5% (Clavien-Dindo 1-4). 63 discreet lesions were targeted, with 74% R0 resection rate. Histopathological examination found no residual tumour in 17% of lesions, 50% tumour in 24%. 91% of treated lesions demonstrated stable disease by RECIST, with 9% demonstrating disease progression. RECIST was a poor predictor of pathological response or long-term outcome. At a median follow up of 293 days, fourteen patients (36%) had disease recurrence. On multivariate analysis, only tumour KRAS status was predictive of long-term outcome (p=0.02). There was a strong correlation between hepatic CES-2 expression and irinotecan activation (p
Cells in Multidimensional Recurrent Neural Networks
Creators: name: Leifert, G.
name: Strauß, T.
name: Grüning, T.
name: Labahn, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T10, 68T05

description: The transcription of handwritten text on images is one task in machine learning and one solution to solve it is using multi-dimensional recurrent neural networks (MDRNN) with connectionist temporal classification (CTC). The RNNs can contain special units, the long short-term memory (LSTM) cells. They are able to learn long term dependencies but they get unstable when the dimension is chosen greater than one. We defined some useful and necessary properties for the one-dimensional LSTM cell and extend them in the multi-dimensional case. Thereby we introduce several new cells with better stability. We present a method to design cells using the theory of linear shift invariant systems. The new cells are compared to the LSTM cell on the IFN/ENIT and Rimes database, where we can improve the recognition rate compared to the LSTM cell. So each application where the LSTM cells in MDRNNs are used could be improved by substituting them by the new developed cells.
Preprints im Corona-Diskurs 2020 in der BRD
Creators: name: Koppers, Lars
name: Kohler, Sarah
name: Lehmkuhl, Markus
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022

description: Das Poster stellt die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens dar, das automatisiert Preprints identifiziert, die binnen fünf Tagen nach ihrer Publikation auffällig hohe online-Reichweiten erzielt haben. Darüber hinaus gibt es die Ergebnisse einer Validierung wider: Geprüft wurde, wie viele der schon früh auffälligen Preprints später in renommierten wissenschaftlichen Journals publiziert werden.
Additional file 2 of Do community scorecards improve utilisation of health services in community clinics: experience from a rural area of Bangladesh
Creators: name: S. M. A. Hanifi
name: Aazia Hossain
name: Asiful Haidar Chowdhury
name: Shahidul Hoque
name: Selim, Mohammad Abdus
name: Shehrin Shaila Mahmood
name: Bhuiya, Abbas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Community Clinic Observation checklist.
title: The proof of concept of a fused radiometric and optical stereoscopic imaging system
Creators: name: Dormand, Jamie
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: The proof of concept of a fused radiometric and optical stereoscopic imaging device is presented. The project was in collaboration with the National Nuclear Laboratory and the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority with the aim of developing a sensor that can be deployed in a nuclear decommissioning environment. The radiometric system was a Compton camera comprised of two HPGe planar detectors and presents a significant improvement in efficiency and dynamic range over coded aperture systems currently used in industry. The optical stereoscopic camera is the proprietary Bumblebee XB3 system that provides 3D physical information of the surroundings. Two main experiments are presented; the first investigated the disparity between true source location and reconstructed image position. This disparity was proven and methods for accounting for and correcting it were developed, whereby the image position accuracy was improved by a factor of 26.7. The second experiment imaged 20 MBq $^{137}$Cs sources at distances of 80 - 150 cm with both radiometric and optical stereoscopic systems simultaneously. The first fused images were produced using this data, with the radiometric sources and surroundings clearly visible. A GUI was developed in Matlab to process and fuse the data. Alongside both experiments image optimisation techniques were investigated. Pulse shape analysis was implemented and shown to improve image resolution by 30\% on average at the expense of efficiency. Fold 2 event imaging was conversely shown to improve efficiency at the expense of image resolution. This work provides the basis to develop the project towards a complete system. The steps that must be taken to realise this are outlined and recommendations for overcoming potential challenges are discussed.
Additional file 1 of Comparison of cognitive function, socioeconomic level, and the health-related quality of life between epileptic patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and without
Creators: name: Ahmed, Gellan K.
name: Darwish, Alaa M.
name: Khalifa, Hossam
name: Khashbah, Mohamed A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:. Supplemental Data.
Asymptotics for the wave equation on differential forms on Kerr-de Sitter space
Creators: name: Hintz, Peter
name: Vasy, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 35P25, Secondary 35L05, 35Q61, 83C57

description: We study asymptotics for solutions of Maxwell's equations, in fact of the Hodge-de Rham equation $(d+δ)u=0$ without restriction on the form degree, on a geometric class of stationary spacetimes with a warped product type structure (without any symmetry assumptions), which in particular include Schwarzschild-de Sitter spaces of all spacetime dimensions $n\geq 4$. We prove that solutions decay exponentially to $0$ or to stationary states in every form degree, and give an interpretation of the stationary states in terms of cohomological information of the spacetime. We also study the wave equation on differential forms and in particular prove analogous results on Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetimes. We demonstrate the stability of our analysis and deduce asymptotics and decay for solutions of Maxwell's equations, the Hodge-de Rham equation and the wave equation on differential forms on Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes with small angular momentum.
description: 47 pages. v2 is the published version, with improved exposition
title: Towards enhancing responsibility and accountability in humanitarian action: Understanding the subjective factors that influence evaluation of humanitarian actions and the implementation of the recommendations made
Creators: name: Land, Anthony Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: When specialists in the evaluation of humanitarian action meet they often complain that “evaluations tell us nothing new”. Can this complaint be justified and, if so, can any additional insights into the reasons be discovered? An analysis and comparison is made of the recommendations arising from the evaluations of the humanitarian response to two major forced displacements and two natural disasters. The comparison is used to identify the extent to which recommendations made in the evaluation of the earlier of each pair were repeated in the subsequent evaluations. An analysis of the subjective influences reported as impinging upon nine of the earliest evaluations of humanitarian actions is made. A series of 22 elite interviews with staff of humanitarian organisations and independent consultants directly involved in the evaluation of humanitarian action reveals the continuing influence of these ‘subjective’ factors and indicates of a lack of confidence in the evaluation process as a tool for institutional learning. The roles of agency and structure in the subjective influences impinging on the evaluation of humanitarian action are analysed and recommendations made for the improvement of the evaluation/learning cycle.
Optimization of retroviral packaging cells for scale-up of vector production
Creators: name: Van Heuvel, Yasemin
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: bioprocess technology
subject: retroviral vector
subject: transposon
subject: bioreactor
subject: gene therapy
subject: Bioprozesstechnologie
subject: Retroviraler Vektor
subject: Transposon
subject: Bioreaktor
subject: Genetherapie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Retroviral vectors (RVVs) are the key players for somatic gene therapy. However, the large-scale production is very time- and cost-intensive due to the production in adherent cell lines and transient plasmid transfections. To facilitate large-scale RVV production, the bioprocess engineering procedures need to be optimized. In this thesis, ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based viral packaging cells (VPCs) were generated and procedures for the rapid and stable production of viral vectors in suspension were developed and improved. For this purpose and as a proof-of-concept (POC), suspension human embryonic kidney cells growing in serum-free media, were employed. In addition, a hybrid technology based on the Sleeping Beauty (SB) vector system and MLV donor vector components was applied for an efficient and rapid cell transfection. After stringent selection, a stable polyclonal VPC was generated within only three weeks. The resulting cells were able to produce the ecotropic MLV-based vectors at high levels and for months. The viral functional titers measured in murine fibroblasts and murine myeloblasts exceeded previous published titers generated with adherent or suspension VPCs, reaching tenfold higher titers of up to 1.4 × 10^7 transducing units per mL (TU/mL). Efficient gene transfer was also demonstrated in pre-clinically relevant murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). To further increase the production volume, as well as to advance the transposition technology, the transposase gene was in vitro synthesized to mRNA and co-transfected with the respective transposon-MLV vector components. Thus, no relevant genes for MLV vector production could be remobilized from the VPC genome any longer by a possibly genetically resident transposase, securing VPC stability. The stable suspension VPCs also proved to be highly efficient and viral titers were improved tenfold as compared to simple plasmid-based transfection or plasmid-based transposase transposition, exceeding 5 × 10^7 TU/mL. Finally, the VPC was successfully cultivated in a stirred-tank bioreactor (STR) with a 500 mL culture volume, continuously producing functional vectors during a ten-day process. This technology will enable future generations of stable VPCs and clinically relevant viral vector productions in fully automated STRs.
Resonance expansions for tensor-valued waves on asymptotically Kerr-de Sitter spaces
Creators: name: Hintz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 35L05, Secondary: 58J40, 35P25, 83C57

description: In recent joint work with Vasy, we analyze the low energy behavior of differential form-valued waves on black hole spacetimes. In order to deduce asymptotics and decay from this, one in addition needs high energy estimates for the wave operator acting on sections of the form bundle. The present paper provides these on perturbations of Schwarzschild-de Sitter spaces in all spacetime dimensions $n\geq 4$. In fact, we prove exponential decay, up to a finite-dimensional space of resonances, of waves valued in any finite rank subbundle of the tensor bundle, which in particular includes differential forms and symmetric tensors. As the main technical tool for working on vector bundles that do not have a natural positive definite inner product, we introduce pseudodifferential inner products, which are inner products depending on the position in phase space.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure. v2 is the published version, with improved exposition
title: Stock market liquidity and stock returns: evidence from the London Stock Exchange
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: In this thesis, I investigate the effect of liquidity risk on stock returns using data from the London Stock Exchange. The main motivation behind this research is that most previous studies on this topic focus on the US stock market and very little is known about the link between liquidity and stock returns in the UK. Also, most studies only focus on one dimension of liquidity and ignore other illiquidity measures that capture different dimensions. This study employs eight different proxies of liquidity, namely bid-ask spread, effective spread, quoted spread, Liu’s (2006) measure, dollar trading volume, turnover ratio, Amihud’s (2002) RtoV ratio and Florackis et al.’s (2011) RtoTR ratio. Interestingly, the results based on the LSE do not support the existence of an illiquidity premium. In contrast, the results suggest a negative relationship between illiquidity and stock returns. As illiquidity increases, instead of seeing rises in stock returns, post-ranking returns decrease. This finding contradicts previous US evidence, which shows a positive relationship between illiquidity and stock returns.
title: Detection and Evaluation of Partial Discharges in Power Transformers with Special Sensors and Diagnostic Methods
title: Erfassung und Evaluierung von Teilentladungen in Leistungstransformatoren mit speziellen Sensoren und Diagnoseverfahren
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Akbari Azirani, Mohammad Esmaeil
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: PD Localization
subject: Power Transformer
subject: DGA
subject: Partial Discharge
subject: Condition Assessment
subject: Monitoring
subject: UHF Measurement Technique
subject: PD Diagnosis
subject: TE-Lokalisierung
subject: Leistungstransformator
subject: Teilentladung
subject: Zustandsbewertung
subject: Überwachung
subject: UHF-Messtechnik
subject: TE-Diagnose
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Transformers are key elements of the power grid. Due to their importance and high initial cost, asset managers utilize monitoring and diagnostic tools to optimize their operation and extend their service life. The main objective of this thesis is to develop new methods in the field of monitoring and diagnosis of transformers in order to reduce maintenance costs and decrease the frequency of forced outages. For this purpose, two concepts are proposed. Small generator step-up transformers are essential in wind and photovoltaic parks. The first presented concept entails an online fault gas monitoring system for these transformers, specially hermetically-sealed transformers. The developed compact, maintenance-free and cost-effective monitoring system continuously tracks the level of the key leading indicators of transformer faults in the gas cushion. The second presented concept revolves around partial discharge (PD) assessment by the UHF measurement technique, which is based on capturing the electromagnetic (EM) waves emitted in case of PD in the insulation of a transformer. In this context, the complex EM system established when probes are introduced into the tank of a transformer and with PD as the excitation source is analyzed. Drawing on this foundation, a practical approach to the detection and classification of PD with the focus on the selection of the optimal frequency range for performing UHF measurements depending on the device under test is presented. The UHF measurement technique also offers the possibility of PD localization. Here, the determined arrival time (AT) of the captured signals is critical. A PD localization algorithm, based on a multi-data-set approach with a novel AT determination method, is proposed. The methods and algorithms proposed for the detection, classification and localization of PD are validated by means of practical experiments.
Form factors of descendant operators: Reduction to perturbed $M(2,2s+1)$ models
Creators: name: Lashkevich, Michael
name: Pugai, Yaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the algebraic approach to form factors in two-dimensional integrable models of quantum field theory we consider the reduction of the sine-Gordon model to the $Φ_{13}$-perturbation of minimal conformal models of the $M(2,2s+1)$ series. We find in an algebraic form the condition of compatibility of local operators with the reduction. We propose a construction that make it possible to obtain reduction compatible local operators in terms of screening currents. As an application we obtain exact multiparticle form factors for the compatible with the reduction conserved currents $T_{\pm2k}$, $Θ_{\pm(2k-2)}$, which correspond to the spin $\pm(2k-1)$ integrals of motion, for any positive integer~$k$. Furthermore, we obtain all form factors of the operators $T_{2k}T_{-2l}$, which generalize the famous $T\bar T$ operator. The construction is analytic in the $s$ parameter and, therefore, makes sense in the sine-Gordon theory.
description: 25 pages; v2: eq. (6.2) corrected; v3: references added; v4: numerous misprints (including some reference equations) corrected; v5: annoying misprints in eqs. (1.3), (6.3) corrected
title: Approach- and avoidance- goal cognitions in depression and anxiety
Creators: name: Eccles, Leila
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: The formation of approach- and avoidance- type goals and the cognitive appraisals we construe of our goals are thought to impact upon emotional state. This study investigated whether shared and distinct approach- and avoidance- goal cognitive appraisals, specifically, conditional goal setting (CGS), expectancy, difficulty, progress and effort, predict depression and anxiety. A young adult clinical sample was recruited from a university student primary care service. Participants generated two approach- and two avoidance- type goals before rating them on the specified goal cognitive appraisals. As expected, results identified shared and distinct goal cognitive appraisals in predicting depressive and anxious symptoms. Less perceived approach goal progress and heightened approach goal effort predicted both depression and anxiety. Whereas, heightened approach goal difficulty and CGS, and reduced avoidance goal progress uniquely predicted depression. Unexpectedly, avoidance goal cognitive appraisals did not predict anxiety. Results provide key considerations for future clinical practice.
The formation of high-mass stars and stellar clusters
Creators: name: Zhang, Suinan
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High-mass star formation
subject: Cluster formation
subject: Interferometry
subject: Synthetic observation
subject: QB806.Z5
subject: Stars--Formation
subject: Interferometry

description: The earliest phase of high-mass star formation has remained a challenging topic. The distinguishing feature between competing theoretical models is the prediction for the high-mass prestellar cores. This thesis presents (sub)arcsecond-resolution interferometric observations in conjunction with synthetic observations at submillimeter wavelengths towards high-mass pre-/proto-stellar objects, for the purpose of characterising the physical and kinematic properties of the early stages of high-mass star formation. Chapter two showcases deep ALMA 0.82 mm observations (θ ∼ 0.5′′) towards the high-mass prestellar core candidate G11.92-0.61 MM2. Extensive N2H+ (4-3) emission is detected around MM2, displaying complex spectra with multiple velocity components present. Gaussian decomposition and hierarchical clustering are performed to the N₂H⁺ data cube to investigate the kinematics of the N₂H⁺-emitting gas, which reveals a hierarchical system with filamentary substructures showing velocity gradients. The most dominant N₂H⁺ substructure probably traces the accretion flows towards MM2. A mass inflow rate of 2 ×10⁻⁴ ∼ 1.2 ×10⁻³ M⊙ yr⁻¹ is derived with the hypothesis of filamentary accretion flows. Chapter three presents synthetic 1.3 mm dust continuum images of high-mass star-forming clumps generated with analytic prescriptions and radiative transfer modelling. 432 models with different combinations of stellar masses, separations of sources, and beam sizes are considered. This parametric study predicts that the low-mass objects with masses ≦ 1 M⊙ will not be detected if located ≦ 0.1 pc from a 50 M⊙ protostar in 0.5′′observations. Chapter four summarises the SMA 1.3 mm observations towards the high-mass protostellar object G34.24+0.13MM. The 1′′ 1.3 mm continuum image reveals that G34.24+0.13MM is a single compact core, with a size of 4700 AU and a mass of 12.5 M⊙. Molecular lines are detected towards the source, possibly indicating ordered motions of the gaseous envelope or unresolved multiplicity. The uniquely high luminosity-mass ratio of G34.24+0.13MM requires future higher-resolution multi-wavelength observations to properly explain.
Chromo-Natural Inflation in the Axiverse
Creators: name: Obata, Ippei
name: Miura, Takashi
name: Soda, Jiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study chromo-natural inflation in the axiverse. More precisely, we investigate natural inflation with two axions coupled with a SU(2) gauge field. Assuming a hierarchy between the coupling constants, we find that for certain initial conditions, conventional natural inflation commences and continues for tens of e-foldings, and subsequently chromo-natural inflation takes over from natural inflation. For these solutions, we expect that the predictions are in agreement with observations on CMB scales. Moreover, since chromo-natural inflation occurs in the latter part of the inflationary stage, chiral primordial gravitational waves are produced in the interesting frequency range higher than $10^{-10}$Hz, which might be detectable by future gravitational wave observations.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
title: Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis of squirrelpox in UK red (Sciurus vulgaris) and grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)
Creators: name: Dale, Timothy
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2525

description: Since the introduction of the non-native grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) into the UK the native red squirrel has seen a dramatic decline in both abundance and distribution. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that rather than competition, a disease is in fact driving the demise of the red squirrel. Using survey and mortality data collected from one of the England’s last remaining red squirrel strongholds located in Merseyside, risk factors were identified that posed a threat to the remaining red squirrels. Squirrelpox virus (SQPV) known to be carried by grey squirrels but causes a severe skin disease in reds was identified as a significant risk factor and the cause of a 85% decline in red squirrels in the area in 2008. Mixed model regression links SQPV infection in grey squirrels with disease in reds squirrels. A post-epidemic survey reveals the presence of SQPV antibodies in some of the remaining red squirrels, indicating an estimated survival rate of 8%. In order to gain more information about the virus, two longitudinal mark-recapture studies were set up in Formby, Merseyside and Ness Gardens, Cheshire, to study red and grey squirrels respectively. A multiplex PCR was developed to monitor the infection status of squirrels in respect to SQPV and adenovirus (ADV). Grey squirrels showed high infection rates of both viruses, with little sign of any detrimental effect of infection. Red squirrels showed comparable levels of infection with ADV but SQPV remained very low. This suggested ADV to be endemic in both squirrels. While SQPV was endemic in grey squirrels and posed to be an epidemic threat to red squirrels. Although no significant association between SQPV and fleas was reported, fleas as potential vectors of SQPV could not be discounted. Of further interest was a possible interaction between the two viruses, where co-infection led to significantly higher levels of SQPV in the blood of grey squirrels. This may have implications for how infectious grey squirrels are and thus impacts on the risk of transfer to red squirrels. Although ADV may not be an immediate threat to red squirrels, the influence it may have on SQPV increases its relevance and warrants further investigation.
Approximate analytical solutions to the condensation-coagulation equation of aerosols
Creators: name: Smith, Naftali R.
name: Shaviv, Nir J.
name: Svensmark, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analytical solutions to the steady state injection-condensation-coagulation equation of aerosols in the atmosphere. These solutions are appropriate under different limits but more general than previously derived analytical solutions. For example, we provide an analytic solution to the coagulation limit plus a condensation correction. Our solutions are then compared with numerical results. We show that the solutions can be used to estimate the sensitivity of the cloud condensation nuclei number density to the nucleation rate of small condensation nuclei and to changes in the formation rate of sulfuric acid.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
title: Holocene fire and vegetation dynamics in the northern European forests
Creators: name: Clear, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Fire has not always been so elusive in the northern European forest yet forest management and active fire suppression has created an ecosystem almost free of fire. This absence of fire is thought to have contributed to the widespread dominance of Picea abies as well as the decline in deciduous species and subsequent loss of floristic diversity. Forest fires in general are driven by a complex interplay between natural (climate, vegetation and topography) and anthropogenic disturbance and through palaeoecology we are able to explore spatio-temporal variability in the drivers of fire and changing fire dynamics. This thesis explores spatial and temporal variability in Holocene vegetation and disturbance dynamics through stand-scale palynology. Pollen and macroscopic charcoal are used to reconstruct past vegetation and fire dynamics with local- and regional-scale pollen-derived quantitative vegetation reconstructions able to identify both large-scale ecosystem response and local-scale disturbance. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity and variability in biomass burning is explored to identify the drivers of fire and palaeo-vegetation reconstruction is compared to process-based, climate-driven dynamic vegetation model output to test the effect of fire frequency as a driver of vegetation composition and dynamics. Early-Holocene fire was driven by natural climate variations and fuel availability. The establishment and spread of Picea abies (Norway spruce) appears to be driven by an increase in continentality although local disturbance cannot be ruled out. The expansion of Picea led to a step-wise reduction in regional biomass burning and the now widespread dominance of Picea abies is responsible for the low fire frequency observed through Fennoscandia. The mid-Holocene decline in deciduous species was primarily driven by localised anthropogenic disturbance and may have been assisted by the shift to cooler, wetter climate conditions. There is an underlying natural fire frequency of approximately 400 years observed in southern Finland and without intensive anthropogenic disturbance floristic diversity may have remained locally, to the present day. Stand-scale palynology is able to record past local disturbance at a high spatial precision however more than one site is required to understand regional disturbance and the variable controls of fire dynamics.
COMBINATORIAL THERAPY FOR BONE-METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER: A CHEMO-IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACH
Creators: name: Kumar, Shreya
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 321104
subject: Cancer therapy (excl. chemotherapy and radiation therapy)
classificationCode: 321105
subject: Chemotherapy
classificationCode: 321111
subject: Solid tumours
classificationCode: 320409
subject: Tumour immunology

description: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among American men. Prostate tumor cells exhibit significant tropism for the bone and once metastasis occurs, survival rates fall significantly. Current treatment options are not curative and focus on symptom management. Immunotherapies are rapidly emerging as a possible therapeutic option for a variety of cancers including prostate cancer, however, variable patient response remains a concern. Chemotherapies, like cabozantinib, can have immune-priming effects which sensitize tumors to immunotherapies. Additionally, lower doses of chemotherapy can be used in this context which can reduce patient side effects. It was hypothesized that a combination of chemotherapy (cabozantinib) and immunotherapy (Interleukin-27 (IL-27)) could treat bone-metastatic prostate cancer and also exert pro-osteogenic effects. IL-27 is a multi-functional cytokine, which promotes immune cell recruitment to tumors, while also promoting bone repair. To test this hypothesis, in vivo experiments were performed where syngeneic C57BL/6J mice were implanted intratibially with TRAMP-C2ras-Luc cells able to form tumors in bone. Immunotherapy was administered in the form of intramuscular gene therapy, delivering plasmid DNA encoding a reporter gene (Lucia), or a therapeutic gene (IL-27). Ultrasound was used to aid gene delivery. Various gene delivery methods were tested and optimized through in vivo studies, with microbubbles in combination with ultrasound (sonoporation) emerging as the best method. Following immunotherapy, the animals received either cabozantinib or a vehicle control by oral gavage. Bioluminescence imaging was used to monitor tumor size over time. Combinatorial therapy inhibited tumor growth and improved survival. Further, RNA sequencing and cytokine arrays were used to investigate the mechanisms involved. Microcomputed tomography and differentiation assays indicated that the combination therapy improved bone health by improving osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Our conclusion is that a chemo-immunotherapy approach such as the one examined in this work has potential to emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating bone-metastatic prostate cancer. This approach should enable a significant reduction in chemotherapy-associated toxicity, improving sensitivity to immunotherapy, and simultaneously improving bone quality.
Certificates of Conference/ Seminar /Webinar/Workshop/ Refresher / Orientation / Short Term Courses Attended
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhishek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Abhishek Kumar Certificates of Various Conference/ Seminar /Webinar/Workshop/ Refresher / Orientation / Short Term Courses from 12 Dec 2020 to 14 Oct 2023.
Additional file 1 of Sports and non-sports-related concussions among Medicaid-insured children: health care utilization before and after Ohio’s concussion law
Creators: name: Newton, Alison
name: Yang, Jingzhen
name: Junxin Shi
name: Sullivan, Lindsay
name: Lihong Huang
name: Singichetti, Bhavna
name: Motao Zhu
name: Felix, Ashley S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: eTable 1. Odds ratio estimates of health care utilization by provider specialty among Medicaid-insured children after multiple imputation for missing values of injury mechanism (sports- vs. non-sports-related).
title: Compton imaging for homeland security
Creators: name: Sweeney, Anthony
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: This work marks the first use of a fully digital trigger system and new CAEN V1724 digitisers to create a Compton camera from two semiconductor double sided strip detectors. The system was designed to be able to identify and locate gamma ray emitting radionuclide within an energy range of 60 to 1408keV. Compton images were produced at AWE Aldermaston and the University of Liverpool across an energy range of 80 to 1408keV, using point sources, extended sources and also including special nuclear materials. The image at 80keV is the lowest recorded energy for a Compton image using a two detector cryogenically cooled Compton camera. GAMOS simulations have been used to check the experimental data and provide evidence that indicates if pulse shape analysis was applied to the experimental data the image resolution would be improved by up to 4mm at 662keV.
Additional file 1 of Increased calcium intake is associated lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with adequate vitamin D intake: a population-based observational study
Creators: name: Jorde, Rolf
name: Grimnes, Guri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. A linear regression model with serum 25(OH)D as dependent variable and sex, age, BMI vitamin D and calcium intakes as covariates.
title: Beyond ideal and real types – methodological foundations of typologies in welfare state research
Creators: name: Höppner, Julia
Publisher: name: KOBRA Universität Kassel
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: typologies
subject: ideal types
subject: real types
subject: welfare state research
subject: qualitative and quantitative methods
classificationCode: 300
subject: 300
classificationCode: Typologie
subject: Typologie
classificationCode: Ideal
subject: Ideal
classificationCode: Wohlfahrtsstaat
subject: Wohlfahrtsstaat
classificationCode: Forschung
subject: Forschung

description:
In welfare state research, typologies are a frequently applied methodological tool for comparative analyses. They are used for a variety of purposes, such as case selection, for providing a birds-eye perspective on welfare states and their differences and to determine welfare state change. The methodological discussion in welfare state research on the use of typologies is, however, limited because it is centred around the question of whether Esping-Andersen’s (1990) work and other related studies present an ideal type or a real type approach. This is misleading, as both concepts are ambiguous, and there are more relevant aspects when it comes to the characterisation of typologies. Instead, this paper suggests to differentiate between typologies along the four dimensions of a typology’s theoretical foundation, the assessment of cases and the use of qualitative and quantitative attributes and methods. In an integrative literature review, a selection of typological studies of welfare state research is analysed against the background of the suggested classification. Among the studies analysed, assigning country cases to groups is most common what serves the heuristic purpose of these typologies. There are typologies with theoretical types and dimensions and with empirical types and theoretical dimensions, both with a variety of qualitative and/or quantitative attributes and methods. This uncovers the complexity of the typological approaches in welfare state research. In doing so, this paper attempts to simulate a thematically broader and methodologically deeper discussion on typologies in welfare state research.
Web Similarity in Sets of Search Terms using Database Queries
Creators: name: Cohen, Andrew R.
name: Vitanyi, Paul M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Normalized web distance (NWD) is a similarity or normalized semantic distance based on the World Wide Web or another large electronic database, for instance Wikipedia, and a search engine that returns reliable aggregate page counts. For sets of search terms the NWD gives a common similarity (common semantics) on a scale from 0 (identical) to 1 (completely different). The NWD approximates the similarity of members of a set according to all (upper semi)computable properties. We develop the theory and give applications of classifying using Amazon, Wikipedia, and the NCBI website from the National Institutes of Health. The last gives new correlations between health hazards. A restriction of the NWD to a set of two yields the earlier normalized google distance (NGD) but no combination of the NGD's of pairs in a set can extract the information the NWD extracts from the set. The NWD enables a new contextual (different databases) learning approachbased on Kolmogorov complexity theory that incorporates knowledge from these databases.
description: LaTeX 18 pages, 3 tables. A precursor is arXiv:1308.3177
Additional file 1 of A systematic review of CXCL13 as a biomarker of disease and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Bechman, Katie
name: Dalrymple, Anthony
name: Southey-Bassols, Charles
name: Cope, Andrew P.
name: Galloway, James B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
title: Host location and selection by British Culicoides species associated with farms
Creators: name: Hope, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of economically important arboviruses of livestock. Two such arboviruses, bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) have recently emerged in northern Europe inflicting unprecedented outbreaks of disease in this region. The aim of the current investigation was to explore both host seeking behaviour and surveillance methods for livestock-associated Culicoides species in the UK. To achieve this aim, a series of field-based, manipulative experiments were conducted using three farm sites in southern England. These studies demonstrated that host preference had a significant impact upon several parameters important in determining arbovirus transmission. Culicoides were found to be differentially attracted to different breeds of sheep (p