cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What drives the scatter of local star-forming galaxies in the BPT diagrams? A Machine Learning based analysis
Creators: name: Curti, Mirko
name: Hayden-Pawson, Connor
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Belfiore, Francesco
name: Mannucci, Filippo
name: Concas, Alice
name: Cresci, Giovanni
name: Marconi, Alessandro
name: Cirasuolo, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate which physical properties are most predictive of the position of local star forming galaxies on the BPT diagrams, by means of different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Exploiting the large statistics from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we define a framework in which the deviation of star-forming galaxies from their median sequence can be described in terms of the relative variations in a variety of observational parameters. We train artificial neural networks (ANN) and random forest (RF) trees to predict whether galaxies are offset above or below the sequence (via classification), and to estimate the exact magnitude of the offset itself (via regression). We find, with high significance, that parameters primarily associated to variations in the nitrogen-over-oxygen abundance ratio (N/O) are the most predictive for the [N II]-BPT diagram, whereas properties related to star formation (like variations in SFR or EW[H$α$]) perform better in the [S II]-BPT diagram. We interpret the former as a reflection of the N/O-O/H relationship for local galaxies, while the latter as primarily tracing the variation in the effective size of the S$^{+}$ emitting region, which directly impacts the [S II]emission lines. This analysis paves the way to assess to what extent the physics shaping local BPT diagrams is also responsible for the offsets seen in high redshift galaxies or, instead, whether a different framework or even different mechanisms need to be invoked.
description: Accepted for publication on MNRAS (31 pages, 20 figures)
Aseptic bone-flap resorption after cranioplasty : incidence and risk factors
Creators: name: Rashidi, Ali
name: Sandalcioglu, I. Erol
name: Luchtmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Bone-flap resorption
subject: Cranioplasty
subject: Risk factors
subject: 610.72

description: Objective One of the common complications occurring after cranioplasty (CP) is aseptic bone-flap resorption (ABFR). Reoperation necessary because of the development of ABFR can lead to unfavorable complications during subsequent surgery using a synthetic skull implant, and also necessarily leads to higher costs. The aim of this study is to identify prognostic factors that may help to predict the development of ABFR. Methods In this study, 303 CP surgeries performed between 2002 and 2017 were examined retrospectively to identify factors predicting the occurrence of ABFR. A number of these factors (e.g., time lapse between decompressive craniectomy (DC) and CP, bone-flap size, specific laboratory signs, and the reason for the original DC) were analyzed as possibly influencing the risk of developing ABFR. Results ABFR of an autologous bone flap that subsequently required a CP with synthetic skull implants occurred in 10 of 303 patients (3.0%). CP timing and patients’ Karnofsky Performance Scores (KPS) (p = 0.008; p = 0.012) were identified as significant factors with an impact on the development of ABRF. Age did not reveal a significant value, but statistical analysis shows a clear trend. The younger the age, the more likely it was that an ABFR would develop. Conclusion The risk of ABFR lessens the longer the period of time elapsed between DC and CP. Age does not reveal a significant value, but statistical analysis shows that there is a clear trend.
Skyrmions with low binding energies
Creators: name: Gillard, Mike
name: Harland, Derek
name: Speight, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70S20

description: Nuclear binding energies are investigated in two variants of the Skyrme model: the first replaces the usual Skyrme term with a term that is sixth order in derivatives, and the second includes a potential that is quartic in the pion fields. Solitons in the first model are shown to deviate significantly from ansätze previously assumed in the literature. The binding energies obtained in both models are lower than those obtained from the standard Skyrme model, and those obtained in the second model are close to the experimental values.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures v2: minor changes to text and one figure
Marine demosponge rheology / dissection microscopy
Creators: name: Kraus, Emile
name: Mellenthin, Lauren
name: Siwiecki, Sara
name: Song, Dawei
name: Yan, Jing
name: Janmey, Paul
name: Sweeney, Alison
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Rheology
marine sponges
Tissue mechanics
anisotropic elasticity
auxeticity
nonlinear viscoelasticity
Cliona celata
Axinella polycapella
Callyspongia

description: Sponges are animals that inhabit many aquatic environments while filtering small particles and ejecting metabolic wastes. They are composed of cells in a bulk extracellular matrix, often with an embedded scaffolding of stiff, siliceous spicules. We hypothesize that the mechanical response of this heterogeneous tissue to hydrodynamic flow influences cell proliferation in a manner that generates the body of a sponge. Toward a more complete picture of the emergence of sponge morphology, we dissected a set of species and subjected disks of living tissue to physiological shear and uniaxial deformations on a rheometer. Various species exhibited rheological properties such as anisotropic elasticity, shear softening and compression stiffening, negative normal stress, and non-monotonic dissipation as a function of both shear strain and frequency. Erect sponges possessed aligned, spicule-reinforced fibers which endowed three times greater stiffness axially compared with orthogonally. By contrast, tissue taken from shorter sponges was more isotropic but time-dependent, suggesting higher flow sensitivity in these compared with erect forms. We explore ecological and physiological implications of our results and speculate about flow-induced mechanical signaling in sponge cells.
description: Microsoft Excel
Open-source alternative: Google SheetsFunding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DMR 1720530Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: CMMI-1548571
description: This dataset was collected on Anton Paar MCR 502 WESP and Malvern Kinexus lab+ rheometers as well as optical, dissection, and USB microscopes. Images and raw data tables are included. See the paper for more details.
Coherence and Rydberg blockade of atomic ensemble qubits
Creators: name: Ebert, M.
name: Kwon, M.
name: Walker, T. G.
name: Saffman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate $|W\rangle$ state encoding of multi-atom ensemble qubits. Using optically trapped Rb atoms the $T_2$ coherence time is 2.6(3) ms for $\bar N=7.6$ atoms and scales approximately inversely with the number of atoms. Strong Rydberg blockade between two ensemble qubits is demonstrated with a fidelity of $0.89(1)$ and a fidelity of $\sim \hspace{-.05cm}1.0$ when postselected on control ensemble excitation. These results are a significant step towards deterministic entanglement of atomic ensembles.
description: 5 figures, v4: citations updated
Reducing the O(3) model as an effective field theory
Creators: name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the O(3) or CP(1) nonlinear sigma model as an effective field theory in a derivative expansion, with the most general Lagrangian that obeys O(3), parity and Lorentz symmetry. We work out the complete list of possible operators (terms) in the Lagrangian and eliminate as many as possible using integrations by parts. We further show at the four-derivative level, that the theory can be shown to avoid the Ostrogradsky instability, because the dependence on the d'Alembertian operator or so-called box, can be eliminated by a field redefinition. Going to the six-derivative order in the derivative expansion, we show that this can no longer be done, unless we are willing to sacrifice Lorentz invariance. By doing so, we can eliminate all dependence on double time derivatives and hence the Ostrogradsky instability or ghost, however, we unveil a remaining dynamical instability that takes the form either as a spiral instability or a runaway instability and estimate the critical field norm, at which the instability sets off.
description: LaTeX: 40 pages, no figures; V2: comments added and typos corrected
Additional file 1 of The glycocalyx affects the mechanotransductive perception of the topographical microenvironment
Creators: name: Chighizola, Matteo
name: Dini, Tania
name: Marcotti, Stefania
name: D’Urso, Mirko
name: Piazzoni, Claudio
name: Borghi, Francesca
name: Previdi, Anita
name: Ceriani, Laura
name: Folliero, Claudia
name: Stramer, Brian
name: Lenardi, Cristina
name: Milani, Paolo
name: Podestà, Alessandro
name: Schulte, Carsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Cell Biology
Cancer
Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 1. The retrograde actin flow videos should also be mentioned here.
Additional file 1 of The immune microenvironment of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a multiparametric quantitative and spatial analysis unveils a rationale to target treatment-naïve tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Creators: name: Tosi, Anna
name: Parisatto, Beatrice
name: Menegaldo, Anna
name: Spinato, Giacomo
name: Guido, Maria
name: Del Mistro, Annarosa
name: Bussani, Rossana
name: Zanconati, Fabrizio
name: Tofanelli, Margherita
name: Tirelli, Giancarlo
name: Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo
name: Rosato, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Automatic definition of cell types by NanoString nSolver Software. Supplementary Table S2. Automatic definition of immune pathways by NanoString nSolver Software. Supplementary Fig. S1. Representative images of cell-to-cell distance analyses. (A) For mean distance between different cell subtypes, the nearest neighbors analysis was used. The mean distance between tumor cells (light blue dots) and the nearest CD8+ cells (red dots) is represented in the figure as an example. (B) The count within analysis was employed to calculate the percentage of reference cells, among the total number of reference cells, which are present within a 20 μm radius from at least one cell of a different phenotype. The percentage of tumor cells (light blue dots) within a 20 μm radius from a CD8+ T lymphocyte (red dots) is represented in the figure as an example. Original magnification X20. Supplementary Table S3. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HPV-positive and HPV-negative (used as baseline) OPSCC patients. Supplementary Fig. S2. Differential expression of immune-related pathways and cell type genes in HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC. Trend plots depicting differential expression of predefined (A) pathway genes and (B) gene expression-based cell types in HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC. Supplementary Table S4. Correlation analysis between immune cell populations in HPV-positive and HPV-negative primary tumors and metastases. Supplementary Fig. S3. Immune cells in primary tumors and related metastases. Density (number of cells/mm2) of different immune cell populations in HPV-positive and HPV-negative primary tumors and metastases. Supplementary Fig. S4. The immune cell contexture of metastases correlates with patient outcome. (A-C) Kaplan-Meier survival curves for disease-free survival according to the immune cell composition of (A) the entire cohort (n = 39), (B) HPV-positive (n = 24) and (C) HPV-negative (n = 15) lymph node metastases. The median cut-off of each immune cell subset density was used to separate high and low infiltrated groups. Log-rank p values, hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported in each graph. Supplementary Fig. S5. The density of immune cells differs between females and males with HPV-positive lesions. Density (number of cells/mm2) of different immune cell populations in females and males with HPV-positive (A) primary tumors and (B) metastases.
Benchmark model to assess community structure in evolving networks
Creators: name: Granell, Clara
name: Darst, Richard K.
name: Arenas, Alex
name: Fortunato, Santo
name: Gómez, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting the time evolution of the community structure of networks is crucial to identify major changes in the internal organization of many complex systems, which may undergo important endogenous or exogenous events. This analysis can be done in two ways: considering each snapshot as an independent community detection problem or taking into account the whole evolution of the network. In the first case, one can apply static methods on the temporal snapshots, which correspond to configurations of the system in short time windows, and match afterwards the communities across layers. Alternatively, one can develop dedicated dynamic procedures, so that multiple snapshots are simultaneously taken into account while detecting communities, which allows us to keep memory of the flow. To check how well a method of any kind could capture the evolution of communities, suitable benchmarks are needed. Here we propose a model for generating simple dynamic benchmark graphs, based on stochastic block models. In them, the time evolution consists of a periodic oscillation of the system's structure between configurations with built-in community structure. We also propose the extension of quality comparison indices to the dynamic scenario.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Additional file 1 of Impact of the use of illicit and licit substances and anxiety disorders on the academic performance of medical students: a pilot study
Creators: name: Ferreira, Pedro Marques
name: Alves, Rauni Jandé Roama
name: Zantut-Wittmann, Denise Engelbrecht
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Self-assembled pagoda-like nanostructure-induced vertically stacked split-ring resonators for polarization-sensitive dichroic responses
Creators: name: Kim, Sanghoon
name: Jung, Chunghwan
name: Mun, Jungho
name: Kim, Mooseong
name: Yoon, Hyeongkeon
name: Jang, Junho
name: Go, Myeongcheol
name: Lee, Jaeyong
name: Rho, Junsuk
name: Kim, Jin Kon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Top-view (top, i) and 70° tilted-view (bottom, ii) SEM images of AAO template with various diameters (D) and height (H) is (a) 30 nm, 200 nm (b) 50 nm, 200 nm and (c) 100 nm, 300 nm. Figure S2. FE-SEM images with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results (a) before and (b) after tilt silver deposition. The EDS peak of silver at around 3.0 keV confirms the presence of silver element. Figure S3. (a) A photograph of a sample. (b) Top-view FE-SEM images of a high-density array of nanorods (inset is a expanded image) and (c) diameter of SSRR nanostructure at the four position over a large area (3 × 3 cm2). Figure S4. Simulated reflection spectrum of SSRRs with (a) uniformly deposited Ag film and (b) island-like discretely deposited Ag (Radius = 20 nm and island spacing distance = 10 nm). Black solid line: Reflectance under x-polarized light. Red solid line: Reflectance under y-polarized light. Blue dash line: The difference between x- and y- polarized light. Figure S5. Simulated reflection spectrum of (a) vertically erected SSRR and (b) tilted SSRR (Tilt angle = 20°). Black solid line: Reflectance under x-polarized light. Red solid line: Reflectance under y-polarized light. Blue dash line: The difference between x- and y- polarized light. Figure S6. Effective optical parameters of SSRR under y-polarized light. Effective (a) wave impedance, (b) permittivity, and (c) permeability of SSRR. Figure S7. Effective optical parameters (Z, ε, and μ) of the SSRR substructure come from S-parameter retrieval method. (a) Schematic image and inclusion relationship table for each substructure. (b) Effective wave impedance, (c) permittivity, and (d) permeability under x-polarized light. Figure S8. Effect of (a) the center-to-center distance between nanorods a, (b) the nanorod diameter d, (c) the number of ring N, and (d) neighboring inter-rod distance Lo on the reflectance differences between x- and y-polarized light (Rx-Ry). Figure S9 (a) Schematic image of a hexagonal array of SSRR (a: the center-to-center distance between two neighboring nanorods). (b) Experimentally measured reflectance of the array of SSRR. FE-SEM image of a low-density array of (c) pagoda-like nanorods (d) SSRR with large perodicity (a = 500 nm).
Performance assessment of TVOC sensors used in consumer-grade air quality monitors
Creators: name: Bastami, Sepehr
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Indoor air quality
IAQ
Volatile organic compounds
VOCs
CMOS gas sensors

description: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has a direct impact on overall occupant health, especially respiratory and neural health. To ensure adequate indoor air quality, we must monitor the air by regularly sampling for pollutants of concern. One important category of air pollutants is VOCs: Volatile Organic Compounds. Some VOCs may be toxic at low concentrations while others require prolonged exposure at high concentrations to become a concern. Traditionally, measuring VOCs accurately has been prohibitively expensive and/or complicated. Recently, consumer-grade air quality monitors have been advertised as affordable counter parts to the expensive and complicated research-grade monitors and sensors. We studied the performance of a unique category of Total Volatile Organic Compounds sensor called a CMOS sensor. We assessed the performance of two brands of TVOC sensors used in three consumer-grade air quality monitors. We conducted a total of 5 experiments, 3 in a real home environment and 2 in a laboratory setting using a state-of-the-art air quality sampling device called the Vocus PTR-Tof. The consumer grade devices tend to exhibit some degree of uniformity in their patterns in response to pollution events, however, they can often deviate from one another in measuring actual concentration levels. The CMOS sensors studied suffer from a range of persistent challenges inherent to the CMOS technology, such as sensitivity and selectivity limitations. While improvements continue, more research is required to determine the extent to which these sensors may be useful and whether they can reliably and reasonably be used to assess indoor air quality
Discrete dynamical models: combinatorics, statistics and continuum approximations
Creators: name: Kornyak, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This essay advocates the view that any problem that has a meaningful empirical content, can be formulated in constructive, more definitely, finite terms. We consider combinatorial models of dynamical systems and approaches to statistical description of such models. We demonstrate that many concepts of continuous physics --- such as continuous symmetries, the principle of least action, Lagrangians, deterministic evolution equations --- can be obtained from combinatorial structures as a result of the large number approximation. We propose a constructive description of quantum behavior that provides, in particular, a natural explanation of appearance of complex numbers in the formalism of quantum mechanics. Some approaches to construction of discrete models of quantum evolution that involve gauge connections are discussed.
description: 23+ pages
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of salivary parameters and Streptococcus’ Mutans count in children with cerebral palsy in Egypt: a case control study
Creators: name: Quritum, Sara M.
name: Ali, Amel M.
name: Raouf, May M.
name: Omar, Tarek E. I.
name: Dowidar, Karin M. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire.
Submarine channel curvature and migration distance : a study of Joshua Channel with implications for sinuous submarine channel geomorphology and deepwater reservoir connectivity
Creators: name: Altman, Indre
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Submarine channels
Curvature
Migration

description: The nature of plan-view migration in submarine channels is a subject of debate among researchers, and of significance to oil and gas investment in deepwater prospects. Early work has suggested that common features in fluvial channels such as downstream migration are rare or absent in deepwater reservoirs, and that relationships between geometric attributes of submarine channels do not compare to those in fluvial channels. This study explores whether curvature and migration in sinuous submarine channels are correlated, in a similar manner to rivers in the Amazon, where a recent study has found that variance in curvature explains 57% of variance in migration rate. Using bathymetric and seismic data from the Joshua Channel in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico, this study find that variance in curvature explains approximately 52% of variance in migration distance. In addition, the lag between curvature and migration is similar to that found in rivers when scaled to thalweg width. Lastly, a qualitative financial discussion of reservoir connectivity highlights the importance of understanding submarine channel kinematics.
Theoretical Discovery/Prediction: Weyl Semimetal states in the TaAs material (TaAs, NbAs, NbP, TaP) class
Creators: name: Huang, Shin-Ming
name: Xu, Su-Yang
name: Belopolski, Ilya
name: Lee, Chi-Cheng
name: Chang, Guoqing
name: Wang, BaoKai
name: Alidoust, Nasser
name: Bian, Guang
name: Neupane, Madhab
name: Bansil, Arun
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Hasan, M. Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discoveries of Dirac fermions in graphene and on the surface of topological insulators have ignited worldwide interest in physics and materials science. A Weyl semimetal is an unusual crystal where electrons also behave as massless quasi-particles but interestingly they are not Dirac fermions. These massless particles, Weyl fermions, were originally considered in massless quantum electrodynamics but have not been observed as a fundamental particle in nature. A Weyl semimetal provides a condensed matter realization of Weyl fermions, leading to unique transport properties with novel device applications. Here, we THEORETICALLY identify the first Weyl semimetal in a class of stoichiometric materials (TaAs, NbAs, NbP, TaP), which break crystalline inversion symmetry, including TaAs, TaP, NbAs and NbP. Our first-principles calculation-based predictions on TaAs reveal the spin-polarized Weyl cones and Fermi arc surface states in this compound. We also observe pairs of Weyl points with the same chiral charge which project onto the same point in the surface Brillouin zone, giving rise to multiple Fermi arcs connecting to a given Weyl point. Our results show that TaAs is the first topological semimetal identified which does not depend on fine-tuning of chemical composition or magnetic order, greatly facilitating an exploration of Weyl physics in real materials. (Note added: This theoretical prediction of November 2014 (see paper in Nature Communications) was the basis for the first experimental discovery of Weyl Fermions and topological Fermi arcs in TaAs recently published in Science (2015) at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2015/07/15/science.aaa9297.full.pdf)
description: Submitted in November'14 (First theoretical prediction of TaAs family as Weyl Semimetals, see (November, 2014) submission date at http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150612/ncomms8373/full/ncomms8373.html
Doctoral thesis recital (voice, soprano)
Creators: name: Kim, Juyoung
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Songs (High voice) with piano
Chamber music

description: 6 Elizabethan songs / Argento -- La courte paille / Poulenc -- Mignon kennst du das land / Schumann -- Mignons gesang kennst du das land / Schubert -- Vado, ma dove? oh Dei! / Mozart
Magnetic guidance of charged particles
Creators: name: Dubbers, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many experiments and devices in physics use static magnetic fields to guide charged particles from a source onto a detector, and we ask the innocent question: What is the distribution of particle intensity over the detector surface? One should think that the solution to this seemingly simple problem is well known. We show that, even for uniform guide fields, this is not the case and present analytical point spread functions (PSF) for magnetic transport that deviate strongly from previous results. The "magnetic" PSF shows unexpected singularities, which were recently also observed experimentally, and which make detector response very sensitive to minute changes of position, field amplitude, or particle energy. In the field of low-energy particle physics, these singularities may become a source of error in modern high precision experiments, or may be used for instrument tests, for instance in neutrino mass retardation spectrometers.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, version 2: improved approximation method
Additional file 1 of Paramedic attitudes towards prehospital spinal care: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: McDonald, Neil
name: Kriellaars, Dean
name: Pryce, Rob T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Survey Paramedic attitudes towards prehospital treatment of potential spine injuries
Stability of freely cooling granular mixtures at moderate densities
Creators: name: Garzó, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of velocity vortices and density clusters is an intriguing phenomenon of freely cooling granular flows. In this work, the critical length scale $L_c$ for the onset of instability is determined via stability analysis of the linearized Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic equations of $d$-dimensional granular binary mixtures at moderate densities. In contrast to previous attempts, the analysis is not restricted to nearly elastic systems since it takes into account the nonlinear dependence of the transport coefficients and the cooling rate on the collisional dissipation. As expected from previous results obtained in the very dilute regime, linear stability shows $d-1$ transversal (shear) modes and a longitudinal ("heat") mode to be unstable with respect to long enough wavelength excitations. The theoretical predictions also show that the origin of the instability is driven by the transversal component of the velocity field that becomes \emph{unstable} when the system length $L>L_c$. An explicit expression of $L_c$ is obtained in terms of the masses and diameters of the mixture, the composition, the volume fraction and the coefficients of restitution. Previous results derived in the limit of both mechanically equivalent particles and low-density mixtures are consistently recovered. Finally, a comparison with previous theoretical works which neglect the influence of dissipation on the transport coefficients shows quantitative discrepancies for strong dissipation.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. The content of this article was presented at the SigmaPhi2014 conference at Rhodes, Greece, 7-11 July 2014. To be published in Chaos, Solitons & Fractals
Gravitational lensing and ghost images in the regular Bardeen no-horizon spacetimes
Creators: name: Schee, Jan
name: Stuchlik, Zdenek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study deflection of light rays and gravitational lensing in the regular Bardeen no-horizon spacetimes. Flatness of these spacetimes in the central region implies existence of interesting optical effects related to photons crossing the gravitational field of the no-horizon spacetimes with low impact parameters. These effects occur due to existence of a critical impact parameter giving maximal deflection of light rays in the Bardeen no-horizon spacetimes. We give the critical impact parameter in dependence on the specific charge of the spacetimes, and discuss "ghost" direct images of Keplerian discs, generated by photons with low impact parameters. The ghost images can occur only for large inclination angles of distant observers. We determine the range of the frequency shift of photons genering the ghost images and determine distribution of the frequency shift accross these images. We compare them to those of the standard direct images of the Keplerian discs. The difference of the ranges of the frequency shift on the ghost and direct images could serve as a quantitative measure of the Bardeen no-horizon spacetimes. The regions of the Keplerian discs giving the ghost images are determined in dependence on the specific charge of the no-horizon spacetimes. We can conclude that the optical effects related to the low impact parameter photons give clear signatures of the regular Bardeen no-horizon spacetimes, as no similar phenomena could occur in the black hole or naked singularity spacetimes. Similar phenomena have to occur in any regular no-horizon spacetimes having nearly flat central region.
Magnetic-field-induced rotation of light with orbital angular momentum
Creators: name: Shi, Shuai
name: Ding, Dong-Sheng
name: Zhou, Zhi-Yuan
name: Li, Yan
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Shi, Bao-Sen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attractive applications in the fields of precise optical measurements and high capacity optical communications. We study the rotation of a light beam propagating in warm 87Rb atomic vapor using a method based on magnetic-field-induced circular birefringence. The dependence of the rotation angle on the magnetic field makes it appropriate for weak magnetic field measurements. We quote a detailed theoretical description that agrees well with the experimental observations. The experiment shown here provides a method to measure the magnetic field intensity precisely and expands the application of OAM-carrying light. This technique has advantage in measurement of magnetic field weaker than 0.5 Gauss, and the precision we achieved is 0.8 mGauss.
description: 10 pages,5 figures
A note on Navier-Stokes equations with non-orthogonal coordinates
Creators: name: Hill, James M.
name: Stokes, Yvonne
Publisher: name: The University of Adelaide
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10110 Partial Differential Equations
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10207 Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

description: There are many fluid flow problems involving geometries for which a non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system may be the most suitable. To the authors' knowledge, the Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid formulated in terms of an arbitrary non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system have not been given explicitly in the literature in the simplified form obtained herein. The specific novelty in the equations derived here is the use of the general Laplacian in arbitrary non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates and the simplification arising from a Ricci identity for Christoffel symbols of the second kind for flat space. Evidently however, the derived equations must be consistent with the various general forms given previously by others. The general equations derived here admit the well known formulae for cylindrical and spherical polars and, for purposes of illustration, the procedure is presented for spherical polar coordinates. Further, the procedure is illustrated for a non-orthogonal helical coordinate system. For slow flow for which the inertial terms may be neglected, we give the harmonic equation for the pressure function, and the corresponding equation if the inertial effects are included. We also note the general stress boundary conditions for a free surface with surface tension. For completeness, the equations for a compressible flow are derived in an appendix.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in chiral photonic crystal fiber
Creators: name: Zeng, Xinglin
name: He, Wenbin
name: Frosz, Micahel H.
name: Geilen, Andreas
name: Roth, Paul
name: Wong, Gordon K. L.
name: Russell, Philip St. J.
name: Stiller, Birgit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has many applications, for example, in sensing, microwave photonics and signal processing. Here we report the first experimental study of SBS in chiral photonic crystal fiber (PCF), which displays optical activity and robustly maintains circular polarization states against external perturbations. As a result, circularly polarized pump light is cleanly back-scattered into a Stokes signal with the orthogonal circular polarization state, as is required by angular momentum conservation. By comparison, untwisted PCF generates a Stokes signal with an unpredictable polarization state, owing to its high sensitivity to external perturbations. We use chiral PCF to realize a circularly polarized continuous-wave Brillouin laser. The results pave the way to a new generation of stable circularly polarized SBS systems with applications in quantum manipulation, optical tweezers, optical gyroscopes and fiber sensors.
On The Entanglement Entropy For Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sudip
name: Soni, Ronak M.
name: Trivedi, Sandip P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a definition for the entanglement entropy of a gauge theory on a spatial lattice. Our definition applies to any subset of links in the lattice, and is valid for both Abelian and Non-Abelian gauge theories. For $\mathbb{Z}_N$ and $U(1)$ theories, without matter, our definition agrees with a particular case of the definition given by Casini, Huerta and Rosabal. We also argue that in general, both for Abelian and Non-Abelian theories, our definition agrees with the entanglement entropy calculated using a definition of the replica trick. Our definition, however, does not agree with some standard ways to measure entanglement, like the number of Bell pairs which can be produced by entanglement distillation.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures; section on Extended Lattice Construction revised and some changes in referencing; some of the discussion of the replica trick changed; section on SU(2) revised for clarity
Single-nucleus chromatin landscapes during zebrafish early embryogenesis
Creators: name: 杨学谦(Yangxueqian)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Epigenomics
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Vertebrate embryogenesis is a remarkable process, during which numerous cell types of different lineages arise within a short time frame. An overwhelming challenge to understand this process is the lack of dynamic chromatin accessibility information to correlate cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and gene expression within the hierarchy of cell fate decisions. Here, we employed single-nucleus ATAC-seq to generate a chromatin accessibility dataset on the first day of zebrafish embryogenesis, obtained 51,620 high-quality nuclei and 23 clusters, and dissected the distinct differences in chromatin accessibility during blastula, gastrula and segmentation. By integrating ATAC-seq with single-cell RNA-seq data, we described the dynamics of chromatin accessibility and gene expression across developmental time, which exhibits that chromatin accessibility precedes the expression of genes at early stages. Furthermore, we identified cell-type-specific CREs and the potential enhancers that might be essential for tissue differentiation at gastrula and segmentation. Together, our data could serve as a fundamental resource for revealing the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of zebrafish embryogenesis.
Ward identities and gauge independence in general chiral gauge theories
Creators: name: Anselmi, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, we study the Ward identities and the equations of gauge dependence in potentially anomalous general gauge theories, renormalizable or not. A crucial new term, absent in manifestly nonanomalous theories, is responsible for interesting effects. We prove that gauge invariance always implies gauge independence, which in turn ensures perturbative unitarity. Precisely, we consider potentially anomalous theories that are actually free of gauge anomalies thanks to the Adler-Bardeen theorem. We show that when we make a canonical transformation on the tree-level action, it is always possible to re-renormalize the divergences and re-fine-tune the finite local counterterms, so that the renormalized $Γ$ functional of the transformed theory is also free of gauge anomalies, and is related to the renormalized $Γ$ functional of the starting theory by a canonical transformation. An unexpected consequence of our results is that the beta functions of the couplings may depend on the gauge-fixing parameters, although the physical quantities remain gauge independent. We discuss nontrivial checks of high-order calculations based on gauge independence and determine how powerful they are.
description: 56 pages; v3: some expanded arguments, more references, PRD version
Additional file 2 of First report on Vitamin B9 production including quantitative analysis of its vitamers in the yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis
Creators: name: Mastella, Luca
name: Senatore, Vittorio G.
name: Guzzetti, Lorenzo
name: Coppolino, Martina
name: Campone, Luca
name: Labra, Massimo
name: Beltrani, Tiziana
name: Branduardi, Paola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary figures. Figure S1. Fermentation profile on (A) Verduyn-S 20 g/L glucose m/f 1:5 and (B) Verduyn-S 20 g/L glucose in baffled flasks. Figure S2. Fermentation profile on (A) Verduyn-S2 20 g/L xylose in baffled flasks. Figure S3. Fermentation profile on (A) Verduyn 20 g/L glucose + 10 g/L xylose in baffled flasks and (B) Verduyn-S2 20 g/L glucose + 10 g/L xylose in baffled flasks. Figure S4. Cofactor imbalance for xylose assimilation under different oxygen conditions. Figure S5. EIC (Extracted Ion Chromatogram) in negative ion current of a representative sample (in brown) showing the occurrence of the three reduced vitamers and the absence of folic acid compared with the reference standards (in black).
Covering functionals of convex polytopes with few vertices
Creators: name: Li, Xia
name: Meng, Lingxu
name: Wu, Senlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A20, 52A10, 52A15, 52C17

description: By using elementary yet interesting observations and refining techniques used in a recent work by Fei Xue et al., we present new upper bounds for covering functionals of convex polytopes in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with few vertices. In these estimations, no information other than the number of vertices of the convex polytope is used.
A signature invariant geometric algebra framework for spacetime physics and its applications in relativistic dynamics of a massive particle and gyroscopic precession
Creators: name: Wu, Bofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A signature invariant geometric algebra framework for spacetime physics is formulated. By following the original idea of David Hestenes in the spacetime algebra of signature $(+,-,-,-)$, the techniques related to relative vector and spacetime split are built up in the spacetime algebra of signature $(-,+,+,+)$. The even subalgebras of the spacetime algebras of signatures $(\pm,\mp,\mp,\mp)$ share the same operation rules, so that they could be treated as one algebraic formalism, in which spacetime physics is described in a signature invariant form. Based on the two spacetime algebras and their "common" even subalgebra, rotor techniques on Lorentz transformation and relativistic dynamics of a massive particle in curved spacetime are constructed. A signature invariant treatment of the general Lorentz boost with velocity in an arbitrary direction and the general spatial rotation in an arbitrary plane is presented. For a massive particle, the spacetime splits of the velocity, acceleration, momentum, and force four-vectors with the normalized four-velocity of the fiducial observer, at rest in the coordinate system of the spacetime metric, are given, where the proper time of the fiducial observer is identified, and the contribution of the bivector connection is considered, and with these results, a three-dimensional analogue of Newton's second law for this particle in curved spacetime is achieved. Finally, as a comprehensive application of the techniques constructed in this paper, a geometric algebra approach to gyroscopic precession is provided, where for a gyroscope moving in the Lense-Thirring spacetime, the precessional angular velocity of its spin is derived in a signature invariant manner.
description: 39 pages, 0 figures
Eternal Higgs inflation and cosmological constant problem
Creators: name: Hamada, Yuta
name: Kawai, Hikaru
name: Oda, Kin-ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Higgs potential beyond the Planck scale in the superstring theory, under the assumption that the supersymmetry is broken at the string scale. We identify the Higgs field as a massless state of the string, which is indicated by the fact that the bare Higgs mass can be zero around the string scale. We find that, in the large field region, the Higgs potential is connected to a runaway vacuum with vanishing energy, which corresponds to opening up an extra dimension. We verify that such universal behavior indeed follows from the toroidal compactification of the non-supersymmetric $SO(16)\times SO(16)$ heterotic string theory. We show that this behavior fits in the picture that the Higgs field is the source of the eternal inflation. The observed small value of the cosmological constant of our universe may be understood as the degeneracy with this runaway vacuum, which has vanishing energy, as is suggested by the multiple point criticality principle.
description: 52 pages, 14 figures; Version to appear in PRD (v2)
Additional file 1 of Survey on determinants of intention to reduce nasopharyngeal cancer risk: an application of the theory of planned behavior
Creators: name: Ting, Su-Hie
name: Brahmana, Rayenda Khresna
name: Jerome, Collin
name: Podin, Yuwana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Possible Breaking of the FIR-Radio Correlation in Tidally Interacting Galaxies
Creators: name: Donevski, Darko
name: Prodanovic, Tijana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Far-infrared (FIR)--radio correlation is a well-established empirical connection between continuum radio and dust emission of star-forming galaxies, often used as a tool in determining star-formation rates. Here we expand the point made by Murphy (2013) that in the case of some interacting star-forming galaxies there is a non-thermal emission from the gas bridge in between them, which might cause a dispersion in this correlation. Galactic interactions and mergers have been known to give rise to tidal shocks and disrupt morphologies especially in the smaller of the interacting components. Here we point out that these shocks can also heat the gas and dust and will inevitably accelerate particles and result in a tidal cosmic-ray population in addition to standard galactic cosmic rays in the galaxy itself. This would result in a non-thermal emission not only from the gas bridges of interacting systems, but from interacting galaxies as a whole in general. Thus both tidal heating and additional non-thermal radiation will obviously affect the FIR-radio correlation of these systems, the only question is how much. In this scenario the FIR-radio correlation is not stable in interacting galaxies, but rather evolves as the interaction/merger progresses. To test this hypothesis and probe the possible impact of tidal cosmic ray population we have analyzed a sample of 43 infrared bright star-forming interacting galaxies at different merger stages. We have found that their FIR-radio correlation parameter and radio emission spectral index vary noticeably over different merger stages and behave as it would be expected from our tidal-shock scenario. Important implications of departure of interacting galaxies from the FIR-radio correlation are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 2 table, 2 figures. Accepted to MNRAS