cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, SANCTIONS, AND LABOR CONTRACTING
Creators: name: Polopolus, Leo C.
name: Emerson, Robert D.
name: Polopolus, Leo C.
name: Emerson, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Entrepreneurs innovate their individual business organizations not only to deal with production and price risks, but also to cope with the risk of sanctions or penalties imposed by society's laws and regulations. More specifically, labor-intensive agricultural firms, faced with potentially large fines for violation of immigration and labor laws, increasingly modify the organization of their firms by shifting the management of routine seasonal labor jobs to independent farm labor contractors. The use of labor contracting is further intensified because of the effectiveness of labor contractors in the recruitment of illegal aliens.
On intertwining operators and finite automorphism groups of vertex operator algebras
Creators: name: Tanabe, Kenichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B69

description: Let V be a simple vertex operator algebra and G a finite automorphism group. We give a construction of intertwining operators for irreducible V^G-modules which occur as submodules of irreducible V-modules by using intertwining operators for V. We also determine some fusion rules for a vertex operator algebra as an application.
description: 26 pages
Distributed Regression in Sensor Networks: Training Distributively with Alternating Projections
Creators: name: Predd, Joel B.
name: Kulkarni, Sanjeev R.
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years and motivate a host of new challenges for distributed signal processing. The problem of distributed or decentralized estimation has often been considered in the context of parametric models. However, the success of parametric methods is limited by the appropriateness of the strong statistical assumptions made by the models. In this paper, a more flexible nonparametric model for distributed regression is considered that is applicable in a variety of WSN applications including field estimation. Here, starting with the standard regularized kernel least-squares estimator, a message-passing algorithm for distributed estimation in WSNs is derived. The algorithm can be viewed as an instantiation of the successive orthogonal projection (SOP) algorithm. Various practical aspects of the algorithm are discussed and several numerical simulations validate the potential of the approach.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures and Implementations XV, San Diego, CA, July 31 - August 4, 2005
SupplementaryFileS1_Cytoscape_DataNetwork.cys
Creators: name: Souchelnytskyi, Serhiy
name: Nazariy Souchelnytskyi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30405 Molecular Medicine
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: Supplementary File S1. Cytoscape Session file (.cys) contains networks used in this study. These networks can be evaluated for nodes and edges of interest, e.g. to see identifiers. See the text for annotation of the networks. The file is uploaded at FigShare for free access.
Das ältete Denkmal der udischen Sprache
Creators: name: Papuašvili, Nugzar
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
[Letter from Frank Shipley Collins]
Creators: name: Collins, Frank Shipley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1898
Subjects: Weigel, Theodor Oswald
Holden, Isaac

description: Will forward to Weigel in Leipzig the consignment of Fasc. X of the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, and therefore requests Foslie's opinion about these Lithothamnia.
Clayton Village : a sustainable alternative
Creators: name: Tsang, Amy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The overall goal of this thesis project was to explore principles of sustainable development through planning and design. A 60-hectare site was chosen in Surrey, where two different community plans were designed based on the proposed Clayton general land use plan. The first community plan was based on typical or status quo development principles. The second community plan was based on alternative or sustainable principles of development as described in the East Clayton Neighbourhood Concept Plan. These two plans were then compared using nine different economic, ecological and social parameters. Further detailed design was then done for two areas on the alternative community plan; Stormwater Park, an integrated park and school site, and the Community Garden. Typical residential and commercial streets were also illustrated in detail.
Topological Defects in QCD at large Baryon Density and/or large $N_c$
Creators: name: Zhitnitsky, Ariel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main leitmotiv of the present talk is analysis of different topological objects such as strings and domain walls in QCD. As it is well known, the standard model in general (and QCD in particular) does not support any kind of such objects due to some simple topological arguments. However, the situation cardinally changes when one considers QCD in large $N_c$ limit or in the limit of large baryon density when the unique light $η'$ field emerges. I discuss $η'$- domain walls and $η'$ global strings which occur in both systems: in high density QCD and in QCD at large $N_c $. I also discuss the effects of quantum anomalies in the presence of topological objects in high-density QCD. The anomaly induced interactions lead to a number of interesting phenomena (such as the induced currents along the strings) which may have phenomenological consequences observable in neutron stars.
description: Invited talk at the workshop "large N_c QCD", July, 5-9, 2004, Trento, to be published in the Proceedings
Methodological Issues in Building, Training, and Testing Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Ozesmi, Stacy L.
name: Ozesmi, Uygar
name: Tan, Can Ozan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We review the use of artificial neural networks, particularly the feedforward multilayer perceptron with back-propagation for training (MLP), in ecological modelling. Overtraining on data or giving vague references to how it was avoided is the major problem. Various methods can be used to determine when to stop training in artificial neural networks: 1) early stopping based on cross-validation, 2) stopping after a analyst defined error is reached or after the error levels off, 3) use of a test data set. We do not recommend the third method as the test data set is then not independent of model development. Many studies used the testing data to optimize the model and training. Although this method may give the best model for that set of data it does not give generalizability or improve understanding of the study system. The importance of an independent data set cannot be overemphasized as we found dramatic differences in model accuracy assessed with prediction accuracy on the training data set, as estimated with bootstrapping, and from use of an independent data set. The comparison of the artificial neural network with a general linear model (GLM) as a standard procedure is recommended because a GLM may perform as well or better than the MLP. MLP models should not be treated as black box models but instead techniques such as sensitivity analyses, input variable relevances, neural interpretation diagrams, randomization tests, and partial derivatives should be used to make the model more transparent, and further our ecological understanding which is an important goal of the modelling process. Based on our experience we discuss how to build a MLP model and how to optimize the parameters and architecture.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures. Presented in ISEI3 (2002). Ecological Modelling in press
THE EFFECTS OF FIRM SIZE AND PRODUCTION COST LEVELS ON DYNAMICALLY OPTIMAL AFTER-TAX COTTON STORAGE AND HEDGING DECISIONS
Creators: name: Tronstad, Russell
name: Tronstad, Russell
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Farm size and production costs are varied in a six state variable stochastic dynamic programming model that quantifies monthly hedging, storage, and cash cotton sale decisions for an Alabama cotton producer. State variables considered are: (1) cash cotton price; (2) basis level; (3) before-tax income level; (4) cotton holdings; (5) futures position; and (6) value of futures position. Results indicate that when farm size and production cost level differ, marketing decisions diverge the most for cash cotton sales at the end of the tax year and lower range of cash price (less than $.65/lb.), basis (less than- $.05/lb.), and before-tax income (less than $0.00) states.
Pillars of Success: An Analysis of Pacific Students' Success in Tertiary Education in Canberra, Australia
Creators: name: Ravana Saifoloi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130311 Pacific Peoples Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: 130302 Comparative and Cross-Cultural Education

description: There are only a few in-depth studies of the experiences of Pacific migrants in Australia compared with the literature on the New Zealand and USA contexts. In Australia, statistics pertaining to the ethnic make-up of the population details Pasifika people, most commonly, as New Zealand citizens. As a result of the Trans-Tasman Travel Agreement, and New Zealand’s immigration pathways for Pacific nations, many Pasifika people immigrate to Australia as New Zealand citizens. Their representation as Pasifika people within the Australian census, is therefore recognised and identified as New Zealand citizens without specification of ethnicities. As a consequence, Pasifika representation within the Australian social space, is not only inaccurate, but difficult to ascertain with certainty.With a general lack of data pertaining to Pasifika peoples in Australia, their successes within education are also, seldom documented. Often overshadowed by historically deficit reporting, it is the intention of this dissertation to provide a positive platform for Pasifika students to express their experiences, thoughts and perspectives on their education journeys. The following research will therefore outline how Pasifika success may be better aided and represented within tertiary education in Canberra, Australia. This will be divided into three parts:The first section will outline the existing perceptions and attitudes held by Pasifika students pertaining to tertiary education in Australia. Section two will review the barriers existing within Australia that deter Pasifika involvement in and aspirations toward education as a whole. The final section will review the role of Pasifika communities and families, as well as professional networks, in raising education aspirations and outcomes for Pasifika students within Australia.This research aims to challenge social stereotypes by enabling students to take ownership of their academic experiences, and advise on best support practices. Utilising the narratives provided by participants through talanoa (interviews), this research is conceptualised through Pacific methodologies.
Supplement from: Understanding the link between obesity and severe COVID-19 outcomes: Investigation of causal mediation by systemic inflammatory response
Creators: name: Foulkes, Andrea
name: Selvaggi, Caitlin
name: Shinnick, Daniel
name: Lumish, Heidi
name: Kim, Eunyoung
name: Cao, Tingyi
name: Thaweethai, Tanayott
name: Qian, Jing
name: Lu, Frances
name: Yan, Joyce
name: Cheng, David
name: He, Wei
name: Clerkin, Kevin J
name: Madhavan, Mahesh V
name: Meigs, James B
name: Triant, Virginia A
name: Lubitz, Steven A
name: Gupta, Aakriti
name: Bassett, Ingrid V
name: Reilly, Muredach P
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Supplementary material for the paper titled "Understanding the link between obesity and severe COVID-19 outcomes: Investigation of causal mediation by systemic inflammatory response".
Elementary remarks on units in monoidal categories
Creators: name: Kock, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10

description: We explore an alternative definition of unit in a monoidal category originally due to Saavedra: a Saavedra unit is a cancellative idempotent (in a 1-categorical sense). This notion is more economical than the usual notion in terms of left-right constraints, and is motivated by higher category theory. To start, we describe the semi-monoidal category of all possible unit structures on a given semi-monoidal category and observe that it is contractible (if nonempty). Then we prove that the two notions of units are equivalent in a strong functorial sense. Next, it is shown that the unit compatibility condition for a (strong) monoidal functor is precisely the condition for the functor to lift to the categories of units, and it is explained how the notion of Saavedra unit naturally leads to the equivalent non-algebraic notion of fair monoidal category, where the contractible multitude of units is considered as a whole instead of choosing one unit. To finish, the lax version of the unit comparison is considered. The paper is self-contained. All arguments are elementary, some of them of a certain beauty.
description: Comments: LaTeX, 29 pages. Uses Paul Taylor's diagrams package. Does not compile properly with pdflatex. Version v2: introduction rewritten, minor expository improvements (no mathematical changes), submitted for publication
Neon Lights Up a Controversy: the Solar Ne/O Abundance
Creators: name: Schmelz, J. T.
name: Nasraoui, K.
name: Roames, J. K.
name: Lippner, L. A.
name: Garst, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard solar model was so reliable that it could predict the existence of the massive neutrino. Helioseismology measurements were so precise that they could determine the depth of the convection zone. This agreement between theory and observation was the envy of all astrophysics -- until recently when sophisticated three-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations of the solar atmosphere reduced the metal content by a factor of almost two. Antia & Basu (2005) suggested that a higher value of the solar neon abundance, Ne/O = 0.52, would resolve this controversy. Drake & Testa (2005) presented strong evidence in favor of this idea from a sample of 21 Chandra stars with enhanced values of the neon abundance, Ne/O = 0.41. In this paper, we have analyzed solar active region spectra from the archive of the Flat Crystal Spectrometer on Solar Maximum Mission, a NASA mission from the 1980s, as well as full-Sun spectra from the pioneering days of X-ray astronomy in the 1960s. These data seem consistent with the standard neon-to-oxygen abundance value, Ne/O = 0.15 (Grevesse & Sauval 1998). If these results prove to be correct, than the enhanced-neon hypothesis will not resolve the current controversy.
description: submitted to ApJ Letters
Effective medium theory for photonic pseudospin-1/2 system
Creators: name: Wang, Neng
name: Zhang, Ruo-Yang
name: Chan, C. T.
name: Wang, Guo Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic pseudospin-1/2 systems, which exhibit Dirac cone dispersion at Brillouin zone corners in analogy to graphene, have been extensively studied in recent years. However, it is known that a linear band crossing of two bands cannot emerge at the center of Brillouin zone in a two-dimensional photonic system respecting time reversal symmetry. Using a square lattice of elliptical magneto-optical cylinders, we constructed an unpaired Dirac point at the Brillouin zone center as the intersection of the second and third bands corresponding to the monopole and dipole excitations. Effective medium theory can be applied to the two linearly crossed bands with the effective constitutive parameters numerically calculated using the boundary effective medium approach. It is shown that only the effective permittivity approaches zero while the determinant of the nonzero effective permeability vanishes at the Dirac point frequency, showing a different behavior from the double-zero index metamaterials obtained from the pseudospin-1 triply degenerate points for time reversal symmetric systems. Exotic phenomena, such as the Klein tunneling and Zitterbewegung, in the pseudospin-1/2 system can be well understood from the effective medium description. When the Dirac point is lifted, the edge state dispersion near the $Γ$ point can be accurately predicted by the effective constitutive parameters. We also further realized magneto-optical complex conjugate metamaterials for a wide frequency range by introducing a particular type of non-Hermittian perturbations which make the two linear bands coalescence to form exceptional points at the real frequency.
description: 48 pages, 14 figures
Deterministic models of quantum fields
Creators: name: Elze, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deterministic dynamical models are discussed which can be described in quantum mechanical terms. -- In particular, a local quantum field theory is presented which is a supersymmetric classical model. The Hilbert space approach of Koopman and von Neumann is used to study the classical evolution of an ensemble of such systems. Its Liouville operator is decomposed into two contributions, with positive and negative spectrum, respectively. The unstable negative part is eliminated by a constraint on physical states, which is invariant under the Hamiltonian flow. Thus, choosing suitable variables, the classical Liouville equation becomes a functional Schroedinger equation of a genuine quantum field theory. -- We briefly mention an U(1) gauge theory with ``varying alpha'' or dilaton coupling where a corresponding quantized theory emerges in the phase space approach. It is energy-parity symmetric and, therefore, a prototype of a model in which the cosmological constant is protected by a symmetry.
description: 6 pages; synopsis of hep-th/0510267, hep-th/0503069, hep-th/0411176 . Talk at Constrained Dynamics and Quantum Gravity - QG05, Cala Gonone (Sardinia, Italy), September 12-16, 2005. To appear in the proceedings
ECONOMIC RISK EFFICIENCY OF BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION
Creators: name: Szmedra, Philip I.
name: McClendon, Ronald W.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Szmedra, Philip I.
name: McClendon, Ronald W.
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the economic risk efficiency of implementing a boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis [Boheman]) eradication (BWE) program in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing regions of the Mississippi Delta. Alternative producer pest management practices and program cost sharing were incorporated into a biophysical cotton simulation model. Participation in a BWE program along with strict adherence to Cooperative Extension Service pest management guidelines proved to be the risk efficient practice.
Demonstration of the spatial separation of the entangled quantum side-bands of an optical field
Creators: name: Huntington, E. H.
name: Milford, G. N.
name: Robilliard, C.
name: Ralph, T. C.
name: Gloeckl, O.
name: Andersen, U. L.
name: Lorenz, S.
name: Leuchs, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum optics experiments on "bright" beams typically probe correlations between side-band modes. However the extra degree of freedom represented by this dual mode picture is generally ignored. We demonstrate the experimental operation of a device which can be used to separate the quantum side-bands of an optical field. We use this device to explicitly demonstrate the quantum entanglement between the side-bands of a squeezed beam.
SYMPOSIUM: THE AGRICULTURAL USE OF THE SNOWY WATERS: I: ECONOMICS AND THE USE OF THE SNOWY WATERS
Creators: name: Duane, P.
name: Duane, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: To determine the best use of the Snowy waters in an economic context is to pose the question of what is the most efficient use of the nation's scarce resources. Time is an important consideration in the development of water resources and cannot be ignored in a discussion of this nature. Due to lack of perfect knowledge about future prices and changes in technology, it is difficult to make economic decisions about an irrigation project as large as the one envisaged at present. A period of even twenty years is probably inadequate in view of the longer time required for such a scheme to reach maturity. However, the best guidance possible must be given to the use of the Snowy waters in terms of all the relevant information about the future economic conditions that is available now.
Chandra HETGS Multi-Phase Spectroscopy of the Young Magnetic O Star theta^1 Orionis C
Creators: name: Gagne, Marc
name: Oksala, Mary E.
name: Cohen, David H.
name: Tonnesen, Stephanie K.
name: ud-Doula, Asif
name: Owocki, Stanley P.
name: Townsend, Richard H. D.
name: MacFarlane, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on four Chandra grating observations of the oblique magnetic rotator theta^1 Ori C (O5.5 V) covering a wide range of viewing angles with respect to the star's 1060 G dipole magnetic field. We employ line-width and centroid analyses to study the dynamics of the X-ray emitting plasma in the circumstellar environment, as well as line-ratio diagnostics to constrain the spatial location, and global spectral modeling to constrain the temperature distribution and abundances of the very hot plasma. We investigate these diagnostics as a function of viewing angle and analyze them in conjunction with new MHD simulations of the magnetically channeled wind shock mechanism on theta^1 Ori C. This model fits all the data surprisingly well, predicting the temperature, luminosity, and occultation of the X-ray emitting plasma with rotation phase.
description: 52 pages, 14 figures (1 color), 6 tables. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal, 1 August 2005, v628, issue 2. New version corrects e-mail address, figure and table formatting problems
THE CONTROVERSY REGARDING DEVALUATION
Creators: name: Parish, Ross M.
name: Parish, Ross M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Australia's balance of payments problems have, understandably enough, received a good deal of attention in the pages of the Economic Record in recent years. Some articles have proposed diagnoses of, and/or remedies for our "shortage" of foreign exchange. (1) Numerous references to the problem are also to be found in the series of articles dealing with the state of the national economy. (2) Furthermore, Australia's foreign trade difficulties have undoubtedly helped to inspire a number of articles dealing with general theoretical aspects of the problem of achieving external balance.
A HEDONIC PRICE FUNCTION FOR AUSTRALIAN PREMIUM TABLE WINE
Creators: name: Oczkowski, Edward A.
name: Oczkowski, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A hedonic price function, relating the price of Australian wine to its attributes, is estimated. Six attribute groups are found to be statistically important in explaining deviations from average wine prices, i.e., quality, cellaring potential, grape variety/style, grape region, grape vintage and producer size. Various interaction terms between these variables and the impact of the year of marketing are also modelled. The consequent marketing implications for producers and consumers are discussed.
Metastable Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Linear Potential
Creators: name: Naik, D. S.
name: Muniz, S. R.
name: Raman, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have created a Bose-Einstein condensate whose spin orientation is metastable. Condensates were transferred into a quadrupole magnetic trap, where Majorana transitions limited the lifetime to a few hundred milliseconds, about 30 times the trapping period. Atoms held in the trap frequently displayed a ring-shaped time-of-flight distribution. We speculate that such a ring could be either a quantized vortex or a feature of the Majorana loss dynamics in the quantum regime.
Schwarze Perlen aus Henochs Erbe?
Creators: name: Brakmann, Heinzgerd
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Holocaust commemoration in Vancouver, B.C., 1943-1975
Creators: name: Schober, Barbara
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The subject of this thesis is the development of Holocaust commemoration in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia in the period between 1943-1975. In much of the current literature, the two decades following the Second World War are considered to have been a time when the Holocaust was virtually absent from the public discourse of North American Jewry. Commemoration, according to this view, is said to have been a private affair limited to survivors, a situation which changed only after the appearance of neo-Nazism in the early 1960s, the trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961, and particularly in the wake of the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973. Based on my own study of the oral and documentary materials pertaining to Warsaw Ghetto memorials in Vancouver, I argue that these assessments, which are largely based on the official announcements and priorities of the national Jewish leadership, are of limited value in a community context, where there is evidence of a considerable variety of responses to the murder of European Jewry long before the awareness-raising events said to have initiated "Holocaust consciousness".
Supplementary document for Generation and characterization of tunable optical skyrmions in mode-division-multiplexing fibers - 7415682.pdf
Creators: name: Shi, Zekun
name: Zhang, Ziyang
name: Gu, Letian
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wang, Pan
name: Wang, Zhi
name: Liu, Yange
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
THE NATIONAL INTEREST, WESTMINSTER, AND PUBLIC CHOICE
Creators: name: Johnson, R.W.M.
name: Johnson, R.W.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Public Economics

description: There has been increasing scrutiny of government policy decisions and advice in recent years. The supremacy of the national interest has been questioned and self interest theories explored. Administrative systems have been reformed, and the role of the Westminster model of government decision-making endlessly reviewed. Increased interest by economists in the policy process has created a new subject area in economics, namely, public choice theory. It places greater emphasis on individual choice and hence on the way political institutions meet society's needs. It provides a suitable framework for explaining political decision making and administrative processes. In this Address, New Zealand agricultural policies and processes in the last two decades are explored from this viewpoint and the applicability of the theory assessed.
Metal abundances in extremely distant Galactic old open clusters. II. Berkeley 22 and Berkeley 66
Creators: name: Villanova, Sandro
name: Carraro, Giovanni
name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Ptat, Ferdinando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high resolution spectroscopy of four giant stars in the Galactic old open clusters Berkeley~22 and Berkeley~66 obtained with HIRES at the Keck telescope. We find that $[Fe/H]=-0.32\pm0.19$ and $[Fe/H]=-0.48\pm0.24$ for Berkeley~22 and Berkeley~66, respectively. Based on these data, we first revise the fundamental parameters of the clusters, and then discuss them in the context of the Galactic disk radial abundance gradient. We found that both clusters nicely obey the most updated estimate of the slope of the gradient from \citet{fri02} and are genuine Galactic disk objects.
description: 20 pages, 6 eps figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Octet: Online Catalog Taxonomy Enrichment with Self-Supervision
Creators: name: Mao, Yuning
name: Zhao, Tong
name: Kan, Andrey
name: Zhang, Chenwei
name: Dong, Xin Luna
name: Faloutsos, Christos
name: Han, Jiawei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Taxonomies have found wide applications in various domains, especially online for item categorization, browsing, and search. Despite the prevalent use of online catalog taxonomies, most of them in practice are maintained by humans, which is labor-intensive and difficult to scale. While taxonomy construction from scratch is considerably studied in the literature, how to effectively enrich existing incomplete taxonomies remains an open yet important research question. Taxonomy enrichment not only requires the robustness to deal with emerging terms but also the consistency between existing taxonomy structure and new term attachment. In this paper, we present a self-supervised end-to-end framework, Octet, for Online Catalog Taxonomy EnrichmenT. Octet leverages heterogeneous information unique to online catalog taxonomies such as user queries, items, and their relations to the taxonomy nodes while requiring no other supervision than the existing taxonomies. We propose to distantly train a sequence labeling model for term extraction and employ graph neural networks (GNNs) to capture the taxonomy structure as well as the query-item-taxonomy interactions for term attachment. Extensive experiments in different online domains demonstrate the superiority of Octet over state-of-the-art methods via both automatic and human evaluations. Notably, Octet enriches an online catalog taxonomy in production to 2 times larger in the open-world evaluation.
description: KDD 2020
Brane Decay from the Origin of Time
Creators: name: Kawai, Shinsuke
name: Keski-Vakkuri, Esko
name: Leigh, Robert G.
name: Nowling, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel scenario where matter in a spacetime originates from a decaying brane at the origin of time. The decay could be considered as a ``Big Bang''-like event at X^0=0. The closed string interpretation is a time-dependent spacetime with a semi-infinite time direction, with the initial energy of the brane converted into energy flux from the origin. The open string interpretation can be viewed as a string theoretic non-singular initial condition.
description: 5 pages, 2 eps figures
AN OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE - AN APPLICATION IN ATLANTIC SALMON
Creators: name: Hean, Robyn L.
name: Hean, Robyn L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper the optimal management strategy for intensive aquaculture is viewed in terms of a combined strategy of releasing the optimal number of recruits and harvesting those recruits at the optimal harvesting time. A model which can be used to determine the optimal management strategy is developed. In the model the optimal harvesting model documented by Bjorndahl (1988, 1990) in which harvesting and feed costs are considered, is extended by including release costs and how they influence the optimal number of recruits. The model forms the basis for an empirical analysis in which the optimal management strategy for a yearclass of Atlantic salmon farmed in Australia during 1989-91 is considered.
COORDINATING PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL OF COMMODITY STOCKPILES WITH APPLICATION TO AUSTRALIA'S WOOL INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Hertzler, Greg
name: Hertzler, Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Productivity Analysis

description: Following the dismantling of a price-support program, a central bureaucracy is left with a commodity stockpile to dispose. It happened with wheat and feed grains in the U.S. in 1986 and wool in Australia in 1991. It soon may happen in Europe with grains, manufactured dairy products and other commodities which have supported prices. Obvious policies include privatising the stockpile, disposing of the stockpile by a central bureaucracy and quarantining the stockpile from the market. Each policy imposes constraints on disposal based, perhaps, on judgments of political acceptability to producers and government. In this article, optimal rules for production and disposal are derived and solved and a new policy is proposed. Then the model is applied to the disposal of Australia's wool stockpile. Results show that centralised disposal will almost always be preferred to privatisation of the stockpile. Centralised disposal is also preferred to quarantining the stockpile if interest rates are high, but quarantining is preferred if interest rates are low. Centralised disposal and quarantining are not optimal, however. Optimal production and disposal combines the efficiency of privatisation with the market power of centralised disposal. To achieve this, the property rights to the stockpile can be redefined using payment-in-kind certificates and individual transferable entitlements. The payment-in-kind certificates assign ownership of the stockpile to individual producers who then make both production and disposal decisions. The individual transferable entitlements allow the industry to produce efficiently and extend market power from the central bureaucracy to producers. For the Australian wool stockpile, optimal production and disposal would benefit the industry by an estimated $2.7 billion.
GMRT observations of the field of INTEGRAL X-ray sources- II (newly discovered hard X-ray sources)
Creators: name: Pandey, M.
name: Rao, A. P.
name: Manchanda, R.
name: Durouchoux, P.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted low-frequency radio observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) of 40 new hard X-ray sources discovered by the INTEGRAL satellite. This survey was conducted in order, to study radio emissions from these sources, to provide precise position and to identify new microquasar candidates. From our observations we find that 24 of the X-ray sources have radio candidates within the INTEGRAL error circle. Based on the radio morphology, variability and information available from different wavelengths, we categorize them as seventeen Galactic sources (4 unresolved, 7 extended, 6 extended sources in diffuse region) and seven extragalactic sources (2 unresolved, 5 extended). Detailed account for seventeen of these sources was presented in earlier paper. Based on the radio data for the remaining sources at 0.61 GHz, and the available information from NVSS, DSS, 2MASS and NED, we have identified possible radio counterparts for the hard X-ray sources. The three unresolved sources, viz IGR J17303$-$0601, IGR J17464$-$3213, and IGR J18406$-$0539 are discussed in detail. These sources have been identified as X-ray binaries with compact central engine and variable in X-ray and in the radio, and are most likely microquasar candidates. The remaining fourteen sources have extended radio morphology and are either diffuse Galactic regions or extragalactic in origin.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to A&A. submitted to A&A
Additional file 1 of International time trends in sudden unexpected infant death, 1969–2012
Creators: name: Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline
name: Schneider, Alice
name: Grittner, Ulrike
name: Neumann, Konrad
name: Keil, Thomas
name: Willich, Stefan N.
name: Binting, Sylvia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Distribution of sudden unexpected infant death by its component diagnoses, according to country (1980, 1990, 2000); SIDS (ICD-10, R95), ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality (ICD-10, R96–99), accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ICD10, W75)
GOVERNMENT VERSUS PRIVATE QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR AUSTRALIAN FOOD EXPORTS
Creators: name: Wills, Ian R.
name: Harris, Jane
name: Wills, Ian R.
name: Harris, Jane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Public Economics

description: Most foodstuffs have quality attributes that are difficult to determine prior to purchase. Thus quality assurance is an inherent problem in food exporting. Private quality assurance can succeed if exporters can credibly signal that they have much to lose from cessation of purchases. If exporters do not provide credible quality signals, and foreign importers judge food quality according to country of origin, honest exporters can suffer negative spillovers from others' cheating under either government or private quality assurance. For both economic and political reasons, the best choice between government and private quality assurance will differ between foods and importing countries.
Additional file 3 of A short course of oral ranitidine as a novel treatment for toddler’s diarrhea: a parallel-group randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Uwaezuoke, Samuel N.
name: Ikenna K. Ndu
name: Chizoma I. Eneh
name: Chikere A. Anusiem
name: Adaeze C. Ayuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3.
MEAN-GINI ANALYSIS, STOCHASTIC EFFICIENCY AND WEAK RISK AVERSION
Creators: name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: Subaei, Abdelbagi
name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: Subaei, Abdelbagi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Stochastic dominance methods lately have been used to derive efficient strategies for given risk aversion intervals. A new decision approach, which makes use of the Gini coefficient, is shown to represent effectively the preferences of weakly risk averse individuals. The approach also has distinct advantages over stochastic dominance analysis. An application is provided of farmers' choices among alternative co-operative pooling rules.
CROSS HEDGING AUSTRALIAN CATTLE
Creators: name: Blank, Steven C.
name: Blank, Steven C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A major part of Australian cattle trade takes place in markets for animals which do not meet the specifications for the trade steer contract. However, producers, processors and marketers of cattle which are nondeliverable on the futures market may be able to make use of the futures market through the process of cross hedging. The aim is to determine whether or not various types of Australian cattle could, in fact, have been cross hedged successfully in the past using the existing Australian cattle futures contracts. Cross hedging is evaluated over time, space and product form to assess the potential for cross hedging that has existed since the Sydney Futures Exchange's cattle contract was first offered for trading. No attempt will be made to identify 'optimal' cross-hedging strategies. The specifications of the trade steer contract have changed over time. When first introduced in July 1975 the contract was labelled 'futures type steers'. Prior to 1 July 1977 the contract called for carcass deliveries. Since that date, live deliveries have been made, hence the references to 'live cattle' contracts in the literature. Due to this change in specifications, data from live delivery markets only were used in this analysis.
Additional file 1 of A short course of oral ranitidine as a novel treatment for toddler’s diarrhea: a parallel-group randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Uwaezuoke, Samuel N.
name: Ikenna K. Ndu
name: Chizoma I. Eneh
name: Chikere A. Anusiem
name: Adaeze C. Ayuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
High energy neutrinos from fast spinning magnetars
Creators: name: Luo, Qinghuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast spinning magnetars are discussed as strong sources of high energy neutrinos. Pulsars may be born with a short rotation period of milliseconds with the magnetic field amplified through dynamo processes up to $\sim 10^{15}-10^{16} \rm G$. As such millisecond magnetars (MSMs) have an enormous spin-down power $\sim 10^{50} {\rm erg} {\rm s}^{-1}$, they can be potentially a strong, extragalactic high-energy neutrino source. Specifically, acceleration of ions and subsequent photomeson production within the MSM magnetosphere are considered. As in normal pulsars, particle acceleration leads to electron-positron pair cascades that constrains the acceleration efficiency. The limit on the neutrino power as a fraction of the spin-down power is calculated. It is shown that neutrinos produced in the inner magnetosphere have characteristic energy about a few $\times100$ GeV due to the constraint of cooling of charged pions through inverse Compton scattering. TeV neutrinos may be produced in the outer magnetosphere where ions can be accelerated to much higher energies and the pion cooling is less severe than in the inner magnetosphere. High energy neutrinos can also be produced from interactions between ultra-high energy protons accelerated in the magnetosphere and a diffuse thermal radiation from the ejecta or from the interaction region between the MSM wind and remnant shell. The detectability of neutrinos in the early spin-down phase by the current available and planned neutrino detectors is discussed.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
New gauge bosons from the littlest Higgs model and the process $e^{+}e^{-}\to t\bar{t}$
Creators: name: Yue, Chong-Xing
name: Wang, Lei
name: Chen, Jian-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the littlest Higgs$(LH)$ model, we study the process $ e^{+}e^{-}\to t\bar{t}$. We find that the new gauge bosons $Z_{H}$ and $B_{H}$ can produce significant correction effects on this process, which can be further enhanced by the suitably polarized beams. In most of the parameter space preferred by the electroweak precision data, the absolute value of the relative correction parameter $R_{B_{H}}$ is larger than 5%. As long as $1TeV\leq M_{Z_{H}}\leq 1.5TeV$ and $0.3\leq c\leq 0.5,$ the absolute value of the relative correction parameter $R_{Z_{H}}$ is larger than 5%. With reasonable values of the parameters of the $LH$ model, the possible signals of the new gauge bosons $B_{H}$ and $Z_{H}$ can be detected via the process $ e^{+}e^{-} \to t\bar{t}$ in the future $LC$ experiments with the c.m. energy $\sqrt{S}=800GeV$. $B_{H}$ exchange and $Z_{H}$ exchange can generate significantly corrections to the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{FB}(t\bar{t})$ only in small part of the parameter space.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2 of A short course of oral ranitidine as a novel treatment for toddler’s diarrhea: a parallel-group randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Uwaezuoke, Samuel N.
name: Ikenna K. Ndu
name: Chizoma I. Eneh
name: Chikere A. Anusiem
name: Adaeze C. Ayuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
PERSPECTIVES ON ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Hardaker, J. Brian
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Dillon, John L.
name: Hardaker, J. Brian
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Dillon, John L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: International Development
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: While the role of technical change in agriculture is seen differently by protagonists of different theories of development, the processes of technology generation and uptake are widely seen as progressive. In this vein, agricultural technology assessment is seen as contributing to research policy and management and also to the formulation, monitoring and evaluation of broader rural development policies and programs. A need for both farm-level and aggregate-level assessments is identified, and methods applied at each level are reviewed. At the farm level, some insights are provided by the farming systems research approach leading to recognition of a changed role for economists in farm-level impact assessment. At the aggregate level, the problems of tracing out all the important consequences of a technical innovation can be severe. Analysts will generally need to account for general equilibrium effects, distorted prices and welfare considerations, as well as the dynamic interaction between technology and institutions. In the light of the discussion, an agenda of unfinished business for agricultural economists is suggested.