cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
IDM benchmarks for the LHC and future colliders
Creators: name: Kalinowski, Jan
name: Robens, Tania
name: Sokolowska, Dorota
name: Zarnecki, Aleksander Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present cross-section expectations for various processes and collider options, for benchmark scenarios of the Inert Doublet Model, a Two Higgs Doublet Model with a dark matter candidate. The proposed scenarios are consistent with current dark matter constraints, including the most recent bounds from the XENON1T experiment and relic density, as well as with known collider and low-energy limits. These benchmarks, chosen in earlier work for studies at $e^+e^-$ colliders, exhibit a variety of kinematic features that should be explored at current and future runs of the LHC. We provide cross sections for all relevant production processes at 13 TeV, 27 TeV and 100 TeV proton collider, as well as for a possible 10 TeV and 30 TeV muon collider.
description: 44 pages, 11 figures; v2: corresponds to published journal version (slight style differences)
About one characteristic of set of linear Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Kopshaev, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34D08

description: The families of morphisms of vector fibre bundle (\cite{Mill1}) defined by the linear Hamiltonian systems of differential equations is considered. Authors proved that the specified families of morphisms is not saturated (\cite{Mill2}).
description: 1 page
s-process Enirchment of Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Tarumi, Yuta
name: Suda, Takuma
name: van de Voort, Freeke
name: Inoue, Shigeki
name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Frebel, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr) in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). Both r- and s- processes produce these elements, and one can infer the contribution of the r-process from the characteristic r-process abundance pattern, whereas the s-process contribution remains largely unknown. We show that the current s-process yield from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is not sufficient to explain the Ba and Sr abundances observed in UFDs. Production of these elements would need to be efficient from the beginning of star formation in the galaxies. The discrepancy of nearly or more than 1 dex is not reconciled even if we consider s-process in super-AGB stars. We consider a possible resolution by assuming rotating massive stars (RMSs) and electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) as additional contributors. We find that the RMSs could be the origin of Ba in UFDs if ~ 10 per cent of massive stars are rotating at 300 km s^{-1}. As for ECSNe, we argue that their fraction is less than 2 per cent of core-collapse supernova. It narrows the progenitor mass-range to < 0.1 Msun at -3 < [Fe/H] < -2. We also explore another resolution by modifying the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in UFDs and find a top-light IMF model that reproduces the observed level of Ba-enrichment. Future observations that determine or tightly constrain the europium and nitrogen abundances are crucial to identify the origin of Ba and Sr in UFDs.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, significantly updated from the previous version. MNRAS in press
The Effect of Declining Wool Prices, Wheat Quotas and Debt Reconstruction on the Financial Viability of Australian Farmers
Creators: name: Davidson, Bruce Robinson
name: Davidson, Bruce Robinson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: An examination of the decline in net farm income between 1966-67 and 1969-70 indicates that in the three major zones the following size groups will be non-viable (l) In the High Rainfall Zone, farms with less than 2,000 and more than 10,000 sheep, comprising 85 per cent of farms in the Zone. (2) In the Wheat Sheep Zone, farms with less than 1,000 sheep, comprising 56 per cent of farms. (3) In the Pastoral Zone, farms with less than 20,000 sheep, comprising 98 per cent of farms. This situation could be alleviated to some extent by extending the period of debt repayment from the present average period of 7 years to a period of 20 to 30 years.
The diagonal cosets of the Heisenberg group
Creators: name: D'Appollonio, Giuseppe
name: Quella, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the diagonal cosets of the non-compact H4 WZW model. Generalising earlier work by Antoniadis and Obers, we provide an exact world-sheet description for several families of non-maximally symmetric gravitational plane waves with background NS fluxes. We show that the sigma-models that correspond to an asymmetric action of the gauge group smoothly interpolate between singular and non-singular plane waves. We also analyse the representations of the coset chiral algebra and derive the spectrum of all the models.
description: 42 pages, v2: more explicit expressions for the background fields in section 3.2.2, reference [49] added, some typos corrected
Demand Analysis of the Sydney Banana Market
Creators: name: Stuckey, John A.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Stuckey, John A.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The demand for bananas on the Sydney market is studied at both wholesale and retail using time series data at wholesale and cross-section data at retail. The cross-section data come from a pricing experiment in Sydney supermarkets. Estimates of price elasticity of demand are presented for wholesale and retail; comparisons are made and several variables affecting demand are identified.
Simulation: Methodology and Application in Agricultural Economics
Creators: name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The diverse modelling activity coming under a defined concept of Simulation is reviewed first through a general outline of suggested methodology and secondly through a survey of applications in agricultural economics and kindred disciplines. The review concludes with a consideration of present problems with and future prospects for this increasingly important tool.
Organic farming in Australia: An economist's perspective
Creators: name: Marshall, Graham R.
name: Marshall, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: organic farming
subject: organic agriculture
subject: alternative agriculture
subject: aggregation economies
subject: diversification
subject: economics
subject: externalities
subject: conservatiuon

description: Organic agriculture has emerged as an important contributor of ideas in the continuing Australian search for sustainable farming systems. Recognising this, choices arise over the need for government intervention to foster the development of organic approaches to agriculture. Even when the choice is to not intervene directly, an understanding of factors behind how voluntary conversion to this way of farming would help governments, farmer organisations and agribusiness to meet the demands of converting farmers for knowledge, inputs and services. The aim in this paper is to assist informed resolution of these questions.
Valence and Na content dependences of superconductivity in NaxCoO2.yH2O
Creators: name: Sakurai, H.
name: Tsujii, N.
name: Suzuki, O.
name: Kitazawa, H.
name: Kido, G.
name: Takada, K.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Takayama-Muromachi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various samples of sodium cobalt oxyhydrate with relatively large amounts of Na$^{+}$ ions were synthesized by a modified soft-chemical process in which a NaOH aqueous solution was added in the final step of the procedure. From these samples, a superconducting phase diagram was determined for a section of a cobalt valence of $\sim$+3.48, which was compared with a previously obtained one of $\sim$+3.40. The superconductivity was significantly affected by the isovalent exchanger of Na$^{+}$ and H$_{3}$O$^{+}$, rather than by variation of Co valence, suggesting the presence of multiple kinds of Fermi surface. Furthermore, the high-field magnetic susceptibility measurements for one sample up to 30 T indicated an upper critical field much higher than the Pauli limit supporting the validity of the spin-triplet pairing mechanism.
description: 4 figures and 1 table
Motel, Hans-Beat (hrsg.): Glieder an einem Leib
Creators: name: Müller-Römheld, Walter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 24 Nr. 3 (1975): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 24, Heft 3
Semiclassical (QFT) and Quantum (String) Rotating Black Holes and their Evaporation: New Results
Creators: name: Bouchareb, A.
name: Medrano, M. Ramon
name: Sanchez, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combination of both quantum field theory (QFT) and string theory in curved backgrounds in a consistent framework, the string analogue model, allows us to provide a full picture of the Kerr-Newman black hole and its evaporation going beyond the current picture. We compute the quantum emission cross section of strings by a Kerr-Newmann black hole (KNbh). It shows the black hole emission at the Hawking temperature T_{sem} in the early evaporation and the new string emission featuring a Hagedorn transition into a string state of temperature T_ s at the last stages. New bounds on the angular momentum J and charge Q emerge in the quantum string regime. The last state of evaporation of a semiclassical KNbh is a string state of temperature T_s, mass M_s, J = 0 = Q, decaying as a quantum string into all kinds of particles.(There is naturally, no loss of information, (no paradox at all)). We compute the microscopic string entropy S_s(m, j) of mass m and spin mode j. (Besides the usual transition at T_s), we find for high j, (extremal string states) a new phase transition at a temperature T_{sj} higher than T_s. We find a new formula for the Kerr black hole entropy S_{sem}, as a function of the usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy . For high angular momentum, (extremal J = GM^2/c), a gravitational phase transition operates and the whole entropy S_{sem} is drastically different from the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. This new extremal black hole transition occurs at a temperature T_{sem J} higher than the Hawking temperature T_{sem}.
description: New article
An Analytical, Statistical Approximate Solution for Dissipative and non-Dissipative Binary-Single Stellar Encounters
Creators: name: Ginat, Yonadav Barry
name: Perets, Hagai B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical approximate solution of the bound, non-hierarchical three-body problem, and extend it to a general analysis of encounters between hard binary systems and single stars. Any such encounter terminates when one of the three stars is ejected to infinity, leaving behind a remnant binary; the problem of binary-single star-scattering consists of finding the probability distribution of the orbital parameters of the remnant binary, as a function of the total energy and the total angular momentum. Here, we model the encounter as a series of close, non-hierarchical, triple approaches, interspersed with hierarchical phases, in which the system consists of an inner binary and a star that orbits it -- this turns the evolution of the entire encounter to a random walk between consecutive hierarchical phases. We use the solution of the bound, non-hierarchical three-body problem to find the walker's transition probabilities, which we generalise to situations in which tidal interactions are important. Besides tides, any dissipative process may be incorporated into the random walk model, as it is completely general. Our approximate solution can reproduce the results of the extensive body of past numerical simulations, and can account for different environments and different dissipative effects. Therefore, this model can effectively replace the need for direct few-body integrations for the study of binary-single encounters in any environment. Furthermore, it allows for a simply inclusion of dissipative forces typically not accounted for in full N-body integration schemes.
description: (v1) Comments welcome. (v3) Updated to match version accepted to PRX
The Use of Economic Incentives in Developing Countries: Lessons from International Experience with Industrial Air Pollution
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Harrington, Winston
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental policy
subject: economic incentives
subject: market-based instruments
subject: developing countries
subject: air pollution
subject: Sweden
subject: China
subject: Poland

description: To what extent should developing countries eschew conventional command and control environmental regulation that is increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on economic incentives? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to industrial air pollution. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various economic incentive instruments, presents in-depth case studies of their application in Sweden, the United States, China, and Poland, and proposes a number of policy guidelines. We argue that both design deficiencies and pervasive constraints on monitoring and enforcement impede the effectiveness of economic instruments in developing countries. The latter are difficult to rectify, at least in the medium term. As a result, tradable permits are generally not practical. Suitably modified however, emissions fee policies probably are appropriate. They can provide a foundation for a transition to an effective economic incentive system, and can raise much needed revenue for environmental projects and programs. In addition, if political opposition can be overcome, environmental taxes constitute a second-best but potentially effective pollution control instrument.
A matter of time : the lived experience of re/entering mothers in nursing education
Creators: name: Liversidge, Sharon Elaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study explored the lived experience of re/ehtering mothers who were entering baccalaureate nursing education for their first registered nursing credential. These re/entering women were either reentering higher education or entering for the first time. The participants in this study were mothers of 1 to 3 children. In-depth personal interviews and a focus group session were conducted with 5 re/entering mothers aged 28 - 45 years who were enrolled in the second year of nursing education in a community college setting. Analysis revealed five major themes that were incorporated into a narrative that reflected their lived experience as a multiple role learner in nursing education: time as a scarce resource, a personal need to achieve, feelings of guilt related to not "being there" for their children, re/entering women as the family organizer and their positive perception of their multiple role status. The voices of these women are heard in their stories that are interwoven throughout the narrative. The findings from this study suggest ways in which institutions of higher education might assist and support re/entering mothers and recommend this group of women as a target population for recruitment into nursing.
Boundary Effective Field Theory and Trans-Planckian Perturbations: Astrophysical Implications
Creators: name: Easther, Richard
name: Kinney, William H.
name: Peiris, Hiranya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We contrast two approaches to calculating trans-Planckian corrections to the inflationary perturbation spectrum: the New Physics Hypersurface [NPH] model, in which modes are normalized when their physical wavelength first exceeds a critical value, and the Boundary Effective Field Theory [BEFT] approach, where the initial conditions for all modes are set at the same time, and modified by higher dimensional operators enumerated via an effective field theory calculation. We show that these two approaches -- as currently implemented -- lead to radically different expectations for the trans-Planckian corrections to the CMB and emphasize that in the BEFT formalism we expect the perturbation spectrum to be dominated by quantum gravity corrections for all scales shorter than some critical value. Conversely, in the NPH case the quantum effects only dominate the longest modes that are typically much larger than the present horizon size. Furthermore, the onset of the breakdown in the standard inflationary perturbation calculation predicted by the BEFT formalism is likely to be associated with a feature in the perturbation spectrum, and we discuss the observational signatures of this feature in both CMB and large scale structure observations. Finally, we discuss possible modifications to both calculational frameworks that would resolve the contradictions identified here.
description: Reworded commentary, reference added (v2) References added (v3)
Sustainable Decision-making: The State of the Art from an Economics Perspective
Creators: name: Toman, Michael
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: sustainable development
subject: cost-benefit analysis
subject: intergenerational equity
subject: multicriteria analysis
subject: social values

description: Government, corporate and other decision makers are more and more often being urged to 'act sustainably' and to pursue policy paths toward 'sustainable development.' However, application of these concepts is hampered by serious interdisciplinary disagreements about the interactions of humans with their environment. Moreover, reducing disagreements about sustainability cannot be achieved solely through an improvement in scientific knowledge. These observations lead me to express skepticism about the capacity of any more or less mechanistic rule, economic, scientific or otherwise, to provide definitive and reliable answers about sustainable policies or conduct. However, there are processes and procedures that can help guide decision-making. I underscore the need for a methodologically pluralistic approach to addressing sustainability issues, while also underscoring the importance of addressing economic costs and benefits as one critical element of sustainability assessment. Practitioners of cost-benefit analysis are increasingly recognizing the need for embedding their findings in a broader set of information. A pluralistic approach, without mechanistic decision rules, only increases the need to have greater quantity and maturity of political discussion and education about sustainability than seems often to prevail.
Revisiting Maximum Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning: New Perspectives and Algorithms
Creators: name: Snoswell, Aaron J.
name: Singh, Surya P. N.
name: Ye, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide new perspectives and inference algorithms for Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL), which provides a principled method to find a most non-committal reward function consistent with given expert demonstrations, among many consistent reward functions. We first present a generalized MaxEnt formulation based on minimizing a KL-divergence instead of maximizing an entropy. This improves the previous heuristic derivation of the MaxEnt IRL model (for stochastic MDPs), allows a unified view of MaxEnt IRL and Relative Entropy IRL, and leads to a model-free learning algorithm for the MaxEnt IRL model. Second, a careful review of existing inference algorithms and implementations showed that they approximately compute the marginals required for learning the model. We provide examples to illustrate this, and present an efficient and exact inference algorithm. Our algorithm can handle variable length demonstrations; in addition, while a basic version takes time quadratic in the maximum demonstration length L, an improved version of this algorithm reduces this to linear using a padding trick. Experiments show that our exact algorithm improves reward learning as compared to the approximate ones. Furthermore, our algorithm scales up to a large, real-world dataset involving driver behaviour forecasting. We provide an optimized implementation compatible with the OpenAI Gym interface. Our new insight and algorithms could possibly lead to further interest and exploration of the original MaxEnt IRL model.
description: Published as a conference paper at the 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)
When ENSO Reigns, It Pours: Climate Forecasts in Flood Planning
Creators: name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Hersh, Robert
name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Hersh, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: flooding
subject: climate
subject: ENSO
subject: water resources planning
subject: water policy
subject: water management

description: Recent scientific and technical advances have increased the potential use of long-term seasonal climate forecasts for improving water resource management. This paper examines the role that forecasts, in particular those based on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, can play in flood planning in the Pacific Northwest. While strong evidence of an association between ENSO signals and flooding in the region exists, this association is open to more than one interpretation depending on: a) the metric used to test the strength of the association; b) the definition of critical flood events; c) site-specific features of watersheds; and d) the characteristics of flood management institutions. A better understanding and appreciation of such ambiguities, both institutional and statistical, is needed to facilitate the use of climate forecast information for flood planning and response.
Time-dependence of correlation functions following a quantum quench
Creators: name: Calabrese, Pasquale
name: Cardy, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the time-dependence of correlation functions in an extended quantum system in d dimensions, which is prepared in the ground state of some hamiltonian and then evolves without dissipation according to some other hamiltonian, may be extracted using methods of boundary critical phenomena in d+1 dimensions. For d=1 particularly powerful results are available using conformal field theory. These are checked against those available from solvable models. They may be explained in terms of a picture, valid more generally, whereby quasiparticles, entangled over regions of the order of the correlation length in the initial state, then propagate classically through the system.
description: 4+ pages, Corrected Typos
Science, Politics, and U.S. Forest Law: The Battle over the Forest Service Planning Rule
Creators: name: Hoberg, George
name: Hoberg, George
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Forest Service
subject: planning
subject: National Forest Management Act
subject: Committee of Scientists
subject: multiple use
subject: sustainability

description: This paper reviews the battles over the Forest Service planning rule that culminated in the November 2000 revising of the regulations implementing the National Forest Management Act. In a departure from the agency's emphasis on multiple use, the rule established ecological sustainability as the key objective guiding planning for the national forests. The supporting material explicitly states that "it is based on the recommendation of an eminent committee of scientists." This paper examines the Committee of Scientists and the NFMA rule as a case study in the relation between science and politics in the development and implementation of statutory standards for management of the National Forest System. The conclusion considerations the broader question of whether the Committee and Forest Service overstepped their appropriate roles in promoting what is essentially a new statutory mandate.
Central Exclusive Di-jet Production at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Cox, B. E.
name: Pilkington, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a phenomenological analysis of dijet production in double pomeron exchange at the Tevatron. We find that the CDF Run I results do not rule out the presence of an exclusive dijet component, as predicted by Khoze, Martin and Ryskin (KMR). With the high statistics CDF Run II data, we predict that an exclusive component at the level predicted by KMR may be visible, although the observation will depend on accurate modelling of the inclusive double pomeron exchange process. We also compare to the predictions of the DPEMC Monte Carlo, which contains a non-perturbative model for the central exclusive process. We show that the perturbative model of KMR gives different predictions for the di-jet ET dependence in the high di-jet mass fraction region than non-perturbative models.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures
Should Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards Be Tightened?
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Harrington, Winston
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: fuel economy standards
subject: oil dependency
subject: carbon emissions
subject: rebound effect
subject: gasoline tax

description: This paper develops analytical models to estimate the welfare effects of higher Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards on new passenger vehicles. The analysis incorporates a broad range of fuel-and-driving-related externalities, fuel taxes, different assumptions concerning consumers' valuation of fuel saving technologies and their alternative value in enhancing other vehicle attributes, and endogenous vehicle fleet composition. To implement the analysis, we develop estimates of CAFE's impact on local pollution, nationwide congestion, and traffic accidents. We find that higher fuel economy standards can produce anything from moderate welfare gains, to very little or no effect, to substantial welfare losses, depending on how consumers value fuel economy technologies and their opportunity costs.
Imprints of Dark Matter on Black Hole Shadows using Spherical Accretions
Creators: name: Saurabh
name: Jusufi, Kimet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of identifying dark matter in the galactic center from the physical properties of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from a optical-thin disk region around a static and spherically symmetric black hole. In particular, we consider two specific models for the optical-thin disk region: a gas at rest and a gas in a radial free fall. Due to the effect of dark matter on the spacetime geometry, we find that the dark matter can increase or decrease the intensity of the electromagnetic flux radiation depending on the dark matter model. To this end, we analyze two simple dark matter models having different mass functions $\mathcal{M}(r)$, with a matter mass $M$, thickness $Δr_s$ along with a dark matter core radius surrounding the black hole. In addition to that, we explore the scenario of a perfect fluid dark matter surrounding the black hole. We show that in order to have significant effect of dark matter on the intensity of the electromagnetic flux radiation, a high energy density of dark matter near the black hole is needed. We also find that the surrounding dark matter distribution plays a key role on the shadow radius and the intensity of the electromagnetic flux radiation, respectively. Finally, we have used the relation between the shadow radius and the quasinormal modes (QNMs) to compute the real part of QNM frequencies.
description: 14 pages. Accepted for publication in EPJC
Controlling Silver Nanoparticle Size and Morphology with Photostimulated Synthesis
Creators: name: Popov, A. K.
name: Brummer, J.
name: Tanke, R. S.
name: Taft, G.
name: Wruck, A.
name: Loth, M.
name: Langlois, R.
name: Schmitz, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photo-induced synthesis and control over the size and shape of colloidal silver nanoparticles is investigated in contrast to photo-stimulated aggregation of small nanoparticles into large fractal-type structures. The feasibility of light-driven nanoengineering which enables manipulation of the sizes and shapes of the isolated nanoparticles is studied by varying the amount and type of the stabilizing agent and the type of optical irradiation.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 11 images
Foreign Direct Investment in China's Power Sector: Trends, Benefits and Barriers
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Wu, Xun
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Wu, Xun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: foreign direct investment
subject: China
subject: electricity

description: In the early 1990s, hoping to reduce chronic electricity shortages and enhance the efficiency of Chinese power plants, China opened its doors to foreign direct investment (FDI) in electricity generation. Using data from an original survey of US private investors, official Chinese statistics, and other sources, we assess the volume and characteristics of FDI in China's power sector, its impact on energy efficiency, and the factors that limit this impact. Our five principal findings are as follows. First, the volume FDI in China's power sector will likely fall short of the government's 1995 - 2000 capacity expansion target by a substantial margin, most likely because of persistent institutional barriers to FDI. Second, to avoid the lengthy central government approval process for large plants and to minimize risk, early FDI tended to be in small-scale, gas- and oil-fired plants using imported equipment and located in coastal provinces. However, more recent FDI tends to be in larger coal-fired plants that use more Chinese equipment and tends to be located in the north as well as the east. Third, and perhaps most important, FDI is likely having a significant positive impact on energy efficiency. Almost a third of the 20 FDI plants in our survey sample use advanced efficiencyenhancing generating technologies, and a fifth are cogeneration plants. Fourth, the main factor that has hampered the contribution of FDI to energy efficiency is an institutional bias in favor of small-scale plants which are generally not as energy efficient as the large-scale plants. And finally, the most important barriers to FDI generally are uncertainty associated with the approval process of FDI projects, electricity sector regulation, and the risk of default on power purchase contracts.
Stehle, Hansjakob: Die Ostpolitik des Vatikans 1917-1975
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 24 Nr. 3 (1975): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 24, Heft 3
Composite Fermions in Negative Effective Magnetic Field: A Monte-Carlo Study
Creators: name: Moller, Gunnar
name: Simon, Steven H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of Jain and Kamilla [PRB {\bf 55}, R4895 (1997)] allows numerical generation of composite fermion trial wavefunctions for large numbers of electrons in high magnetic fields at filling fractions of the form nu=p/(2mp+1) with m and p positive integers. In the current paper we generalize this method to the case where the composite fermions are in an effective (mean) field with opposite sign from the actual physical field, i.e. when p is negative. We examine both the ground state energies and the low energy neutral excitation spectra of these states. Using particle-hole symmetry we can confirm the correctness of our method by comparing results for the series m=1 with p>0 (previously calculated by others) to our results for the conjugate series m=1 with p <0. Finally, we present similar results for ground state energies and low energy neutral excitations for the states with m=2 and p <0 which were not previously addressable, comparing our results to the m=1 case and the p > 0, m=2 cases.
description: 11 pages
A15 Nb$_3$Si -- A "high" Tc superconductor synthesized at a pressure of one megabar and metastable at ambient conditions
Creators: name: Lim, Jinhyuk
name: Kim, J. S.
name: Hire, Ajinkya C.
name: Quan, Yundi
name: Hennig, R. G.
name: Hirschfeld, P. J.
name: Hamlin, J. J.
name: Stewart, G. R.
name: Olinger, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A15 Nb$_3$Si is, until now, the only high temperature superconductor produced at high pressure (~110 GPa) that has been successfully brought back to room pressure conditions in a metastable condition. Based on the current great interest in trying to create metastable-at-room-pressure high temperature superconductors produced at high pressure, we have restudied explosively compressed A15 Nb$_3$Si and its production from tetragonal Nb$_3$Si. First, diamond anvil cell pressure measurements up to 88 GPa were performed on explosively compressed A15 Nb$_3$Si material to trace Tc as a function of pressure. Tc is suppressed to ~ 5.2 K at 88 GPa. Then, using these Tc (P) data for A15 Nb$_3$Si, pressures up to 92 GPa were applied at room temperature (which increased to 120 GPa at 5 K) on tetragonal Nb$_3$Si. Measurements of the resistivity gave no indication of any A15 structure production, i.e., no indications of the superconductivity characteristic of A15 Nb$_3$Si. This is in contrast to the explosive compression (up to P~110 GPa) of tetragonal Nb$_3$Si, which produced 50-70% A15 material, Tc = 18 K at ambient pressure, in a 1981 Los Alamos National Laboratory experiment. Our theoretical calculations show that A15 Nb$_3$Si has an enthalpy vs the tetragonal structure that is 0.07 eV/atom smaller at 100 GPa, implying that the accompanying high temperature (1000 deg C) caused by explosive compression is necessary to successfully drive the reaction kinetics of the tetragonal -> A15 Nb$_3$Si structural transformation. Annealing experiments on the A15 explosively compressed material reaching time scales of 39 years are consistent with this viewpoint.
description: 6 figures
Benefit Transfer as Preference Calibration
Creators: name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Van Houtven, George
name: Pattanayak, Subhrendu K.
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Van Houtven, George
name: Pattanayak, Subhrendu K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: benefit transfer
subject: calibration
subject: non-market valuation

description: This paper proposes and illustrates the use of a new approach to benefit transfer for the non-market valuation of environmental resources. It treats transfer as an identification problem that requires assessing whether available benefit estimates permit the parameters of a preference function to be identified. The transfer method proposed uses these identifying restrictions to calibrate preference parameters and bases the benefit estimates on that preference function. The approach is illustrated using travel cost, hedonic and contingent valuation estimates, as well as combinations of estimates. It has three potential advantages over conventional practice: (1) it allows multiple, potentially overlapping estimates of the benefits of an improvement in environmental quality to be combined consistently; (2) it assures the transferred estimates of the benefits attributed to a proposed change can never exceed income; and (3) it provides a set of additional "outputs" that offer plausibility checks of the benefit transfers.
Stanley-Reisner ideals whose powers have finite length cohomologies
Creators: name: Goto, Shiro
name: Takayama, Yukihide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F55, 13H10

description: We introduce a class of Stanley-Reisner ideals called generalized complete intersection, which is characterized by the property that all the residue class rings of powers of the ideal have FLC. We also give a combinatorial characterization of such ideals.
A Diffuse Interface Model of Reactive-fluids and Solid-dynamics
Creators: name: Wallis, Tim
name: Barton, Philip T.
name: Nikiforakis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a multi-physics methodology for the numerical simulation of physical systems that involve the non-linear interaction of multi-phase reactive fluids and elastoplastic solids, inducing high strain-rates and high deformations. Each state of matter is governed by a single system of non-linear, inhomogeneous partial differential equations, which are solved simultaneously on the same computational grid, and do not require special treatment of immersed boundaries. To this end, the governing equations for solid and reactive multiphase fluid mechanics are written in the same mathematical form and are discretised on a regular Cartesian mesh. All phase and material boundaries are treated as diffuse interfaces. An interface-steepening technique is employed at material boundaries to keep interfaces sharp whilst maintaining the conservation properties of the system. These algorithms are implemented in a highly-parallelised hierarchical adaptive mesh refinement platform, and are verified and validated using numerical and experimental benchmarks. Results indicate very good agreement with experiment and an improvement of numerical performance compared to certain existing Eulerian methods, without loss of conservation.
Regulating Industrial Water Pollution in the United States
Creators: name: Harrington, Winston
name: Harrington, Winston
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: effluent guidelines
subject: indirect dischargers
subject: water quality

description: The performance of the industrial point-source water pollution abatement program in the U.S. Clean Water Act is examined. I begin with a brief description of the statute and then turn to a description of the process used to develop the rules that govern effluent discharges. This is followed by a discussion of the outcomes resulting from efforts to apply these rules to industrial pollutant sources. Two types of outcomes are considered: administrative outcomes and outcomes in the water. Last, the issue of implementation is discussed: how the Clean Water Act may have affected the incentives governing the behavior of industrial dischargers, municipal waste treatment plant operators, and regulators. Surprisingly, there is some evidence that the Clean Water Act, at least as far as industrial point sources are concerned, may be evolving into an effluent fee policy, or at least a mixed policy.
The Benefits of Improved Environmental Accounting: An Economic Framework to Identify Priorities
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Boyd, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental accounting
subject: capital investment
subject: corporate decision-making

description: Improved environmental accounting is increasingly seen by corporate managers and environmental advocates alike as a necessary complement to improved environmental decision-making within the private sector. This paper develops an economic approach to the evaluation of environmental accounting's benefits and derives the value, and determinants, of improved accounting information in several production and capital budgeting contexts. Using concepts from managerial economics, finance, and organizational theory, the analysis identifies the types of environmental accounting improvement that are most likely to yield significant financial and environmental benefits.
A new iterative method for solving a class of two-by-two block complex linear systems
Creators: name: Salkuyeh, Davod Khojasteh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49M25, 49K20, 65F10, 65F50

description: We present a stationary iteration method, namely Alternating Symmetric positive definite and Scaled symmetric positive semidefinite Splitting (ASSS), for solving the system of linear equations obtained by using finite element discretization of a distributed optimal control problem together with time-periodic parabolic equations. An upper bound for the spectral radius of the iteration method is given which is always less than 1. So convergence of the ASSS iteration method is guaranteed. The induced ASSS preconditioner is applied to accelerate the convergence speed of the GMRES method for solving the system. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of both the ASSS iteration method and the ASSS preconditioner.
description: 17 Pages, Revised, Submitted
Bruce E. Nevin materials on the Achumawi/Pit River language
Creators: name: Amen, Reitha
name: Hinze, Paul
name: James, Leo
name: Miles, Ruby
name: Rhoades, Lela
name: Nevin, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015

description: The materials include file slips and audio recordings from Bruce Nevin's fieldwork on Achumawi with various consultants. File slips in the collection come from work with consultant Lela Rhoades in 1971-1974. Sound recordings include several Achumawi texts, songs, and conversations, as well as discussions on various topics in English, English versions of two Pit River stories, and citations by Bruce Nevin on various aspects of the Achumawi language.
On semi-classical limit of spatially homogeneous quantum Boltzmann equation: weak convergence
Creators: name: He, Ling-Bing
name: Lu, Xuguang
name: Pulvirenti, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is expected in physics that the homogeneous quantum Boltzmann equation with Fermi-Dirac or Bose-Einstein statistics and with Maxwell-Boltzmann operator (neglecting effect of the statistics) for the weak coupled gases will converge to the homogeneous Fokker-Planck-Landau equation as the Planck constant $\hbar$ tends to zero. In this paper and the upcoming work \cite{HLP2}, we will provide a mathematical justification on this semi-classical limit. Key ingredients into the proofs are the new framework to catch the {\it weak projection gradient}, which is motivated by Villani \cite{V1} to identify the $H$-solution for Fokker-Planck-Landau equation, and the symmetric structure inside the cubic terms of the collision operators.
description: 57 pages with an Appendix
Extended silicate dust emission in PG QSOs
Creators: name: Schweitzer, M.
name: Groves, B.
name: Netzer, H.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Sturm, E.
name: Contursi, A.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Veilleux, S.
name: Kim, D. -C.
name: Rupke, D.
name: Baker, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper addresses the origin of the silicate emission observed in PG QSOs, based on observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Scenarios based on the unified model suggest that silicate emission in AGN arises mainly from the illuminated faces of the clouds in the torus at temperatures near sublimation. However, detections of silicate emission in Type 2 QSOs, and the estimated cool dust temperatures, argue for a more extended emission region.To investigate this issue we present the mid-infrared spectra of 23 QSOs. These spectra, and especially the silicate emission features at ~10 and ~18 mu can be fitted using dusty narrow line region (NLR) models and a combination of black bodies. The bolometric luminosities of the QSOs allow us to derive the radial distances and covering factors for the silicate-emitting dust. The inferred radii are 100-200 times larger than the dust sublimation radius, much larger than the expected dimensions of the inner torus. Our QSO mid-IR spectra are consistent with the bulk of the silicate dust emission arising from the dust in the innermost parts of the NLR.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures
A PREVIEW OF THE 1996 FARM PROGRAM PROVISIONS
Creators: name: Schweikhardt, David B.
name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Doering, Otto C.
name: Jones, Bob F.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Doering, Otto C.
name: Jones, Bob F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The U.S. House of Representatives and Senate have written farm bills that contain major revisions in farm commodity programs. Differences in these bills, House bill HR 2854 and Senate bill S 1541, must now be resolved by a Conference Committee, approved by a final vote of both houses of Congress, and signed by the President. Though differences in the bills do exist, the bills contain many similar provisions that appear likely to be included in the final version of the bill. This paper summarizes the major provisions of these bills and identifies areas where differences must be resolved by the Conference Committee.
Effects of Fe substitution on the electronic, transport, and magnetic properties of ZnGa$_2$O$_4$: A systematic ab-initio study
Creators: name: Pisani, Leonardo
name: Maitra, Tulika
name: Valenti, Roser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a density functional study of Fe doped into the tetrahedral and octahedral cation sites of the wide band gap spinel ZnGa$_2$O$_4$. We calculate the electronic structure for different substitutions and discuss the magnetic and transport properties for each case considering different approximations for the exchange-correlation potential. We show that for certain doped cases, significant differences in the predicted behavior are obtained depending on the exchange correlation potential adopted. Possible applications of the doped systems as magnetic semiconductors are outlined.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. B