cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Direct-Pathway Striatal Neurons Regulate the Retention of Decision-Making Strategies
Creators: name: Phillips, P. E. M.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Wess, J.
name: Neumaier, J. F.
name: Ferguson, S. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The dorsal striatum has been implicated in reward-based decision making, but the role played by specific striatal circuits in these processes is essentially unknown. Using cell phenotype-specific viral vectors to express engineered G-protein-coupled DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) receptors, we enhanced Gi/o- or Gs-protein-mediated signaling selectively in direct-pathway (striatonigral) neurons of the dorsomedial striatum in Long–Evans rats during discrete periods of training of a high versus low reward-discrimination task. Surprisingly, these perturbations had no impact on reward preference, task performance, or improvement of performance during training. However, we found that transiently increasing Gi/o signaling during training significantly impaired the retention of task strategies used to maximize reward obtainment during subsequent preference testing, whereas increasing Gs signaling produced the opposite effect and significantly enhanced the encoding of a high-reward preference in this decision-making task. Thus, the fact that the endurance of this improved performance was significantly altered over time—long after these neurons were manipulated—indicates that it is under bidirectional control of canonical G-protein-mediated signaling in striatonigral neurons during training. These data demonstrate that cAMP-dependent signaling in direct-pathway neurons play a well-defined role in reward-related behavior; that is, they modulate the plasticity required for the retention of task-specific information that is used to improve performance on future renditions of the task.
Colours of black holes: infrared flares from the hot accretion disc in XTE J1550-564
Creators: name: Poutanen, Juri
name: Veledina, Alexandra
name: Revnivtsev, Mikhail G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Outbursts of the black hole (BH) X-ray binaries are dramatic events occurring in our Galaxy approximately once a year. They are detected by the X-ray telescopes and often monitored at longer wavelengths. We analyse the X-ray and optical/infrared (OIR) light curves of the BH binary XTE J1550-564 during the 2000 outburst. By using the observed extreme colours as well as the characteristic decay time-scales of the OIR and X-ray light curves, we put strong constraints on the extinction towards the source. We accurately separate the contributions to the OIR flux of the irradiated accretion disc and a non-thermal component. We show that the OIR non-thermal component appears during the X-ray state transitions both during the rising and the decaying part of the outburst at nearly the same X-ray hardness but at luminosities differing by a factor of 3. The line marking the quenching/recovery of the non-thermal component at the X-ray hardness-flux diagram seems to coincide with the "jet line" that marks the presence of the compact radio jet. The inferred spectral shape and the evolution of the non-thermal component during the outburst, however, are not consistent with the jet origin, but are naturally explained in terms of the hybrid hot flow scenario, where non-thermal electrons emit synchrotron radiation in the OIR band. This implies a close, possibly causal connection between the presence of the hot flow and the compact jet. We find that the non-thermal component is hardening during the hard state at the decaying stage of the outburst, which indicates that the acceleration efficiency is a steep function of radius at low accretion rate.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS, in press; version consistent with that published in MNRAS; authorship corrected
Hazma Meets HERWIG4DM: Precision Gamma-Ray, Neutrino, and Positron Spectra for Light Dark Matter
Creators: name: Coogan, Adam
name: Morrison, Logan
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Reimitz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new open-source package, Hazma 2, that computes accurate spectra relevant for indirect dark matter searches for photon, neutrino, and positron production from vector-mediated dark matter annihilation and for spin-one dark matter decay. The tool bridges across the regimes of validity of two state of the art codes: Hazma 1, which provides an accurate description below hadronic resonances up to center-of-mass energies around 250 MeV, and HERWIG4DM, which is based on vector meson dominance and measured form factors, and accurate well into the few GeV range. The applicability of the combined code extends to approximately 1.5 GeV, above which the number of final state hadrons off of which we individually compute the photon, neutrino, and positron yield grows exceedingly rapidly. We provide example branching ratios, particle spectra and conservative observational constraints from existing gamma-ray data for the well-motivated cases of decaying dark photon dark matter and vector-mediated fermionic dark matter annihilation. Finally, we compare our results to other existing codes at the boundaries of their respective ranges of applicability. Hazma 2 is freely available on GitHub.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, typos fixed, added explanation about vector couplings, version published in JCAP
การศึกษาชนิดของอาหารและพฤติกรรมการกินอาหารของปลาโจก (Cyclocheilichthys enoplos) ในลุ่มแม่น้ำโขง จังหวัดหนองคาย
Creators: name: รัชนีกรณ์ มาพะเนาว์
Publisher: name: คณะเทคโนโลยีการเกษตร มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏมหาสารคาม
Year: 2023
Subjects: ปลาโจก
พฤติกรรมการกินอาหาร
แม่น้ำโขง
จังหวัดหนองคาย

description: วารสารเกษตรพระวรุณ, 20, 2, 58-66
Truncation Effects in the Functional Renormalization Group Study of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Defenu, N.
name: Mati, P.
name: Marian, I. G.
name: Nandori, I.
name: Trombettoni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the occurrence of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) for O(N) models using functional renormalization group techniques. We show that even the local potential approximation (LPA) when treated exactly is sufficient to give qualitatively correct results for systems with continuous symmetry, in agreement with the Mermin-Wagner theorem and its extension to systems with fractional dimensions. For general N (including the Ising model N=1) we study the solutions of the LPA equations for various truncations around the zero field using a finite number of terms (and different regulators), showing that SSB always occurs even where it should not. The SSB is signalled by Wilson-Fisher fixed points which for any truncation are shown to stay on the line defined by vanishing mass beta functions.
description: v2: 11 pages, 7 figures, submitted
Treewidth is a lower bound on graph gonality
Creators: name: de Bruyn, Josse van Dobben
name: Gijswijt, Dion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C57, 05C83, 14T05, 14H51

description: We prove that the (divisorial) gonality of a finite connected graph is lower bounded by its treewidth. We show that equality holds for grid graphs and complete multipartite graphs. We prove that the treewidth lower bound also holds for \emph{metric graphs} by constructing for any positive rank divisor on a metric graph $Γ$ a positive rank divisor of the same degree on a subdivision of the underlying graph. Finally, we show that the treewidth lower bound also holds for a related notion of gonality defined by Caporaso and for stable gonality as introduced by Cornelissen et al.
description: Changes w.r.t. v1: Expanded section on metric graphs, minor revisions in exposition, corrected small mistakes in proof
Disruption of Arp2/3 Results in Asymmetric Structural Plasticity of Dendritic Spines and Progressive Synaptic and Behavioral Abnormalities
Creators: name: Burianek, L.
name: Kim, I. H.
name: Yasuda, R.
name: Wetsel, W. C.
name: Wang, H.
name: Soderling, S. H.
name: Racz, B.
name: Weinberg, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Despite evidence for a strong genetic contribution to several major psychiatric disorders, individual candidate genes account for only a small fraction of these disorders, leading to the suggestion that multigenetic pathways may be involved. Several known genetic risk factors for psychiatric disease are related to the regulation of actin polymerization, which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity. To gain insight into and test the possible pathogenetic role of this pathway, we designed a conditional knockout of the Arp2/3 complex, a conserved final output for actin signaling pathways that orchestrates de novo actin polymerization. Here we report that postnatal loss of the Arp2/3 subunit ArpC3 in forebrain excitatory neurons leads to an asymmetric structural plasticity of dendritic spines, followed by a progressive loss of spine synapses. This progression of synaptic deficits corresponds with an evolution of distinct cognitive, psychomotor, and social disturbances as the mice age. Together these results point to the dysfunction of actin signaling, specifically that which converges to regulate Arp2/3, as an important cellular pathway that may contribute to the etiology of complex psychiatric disorders.
Zenodo Quick Guide How-To Upload a File
Creators: name: Della Chiesa, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Zenodo upload
Guidance
Research Data Management
Repository

description: Zenodo is a popular online platform for researchers to share and archive their generic research outputs. Uploading files to Zenodo can be a daunting task for those who are not familiar with the platform, hence, having a simple how-to guidance on uploading files in Zenodo can be helpful. This guidance can provide step-by-step instructions on how to upload files, and edit metadata.

This guide is inspired by Richardson, Jane, Bianchi, Lorenza, & Czomba, Barnabas. (2018). Work Instruction on publication of digital objects in Knowledge Junction. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1409614
Inflating and Reheating the Universe with an Independent Affine Connection
Creators: name: Salvio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a component of the dynamical affine connection, which is independent of the metric, can drive inflation in agreement with observations. This provides a geometrical origin for the inflaton. It is also found that the decays of this field, which has spin 0 and odd parity, into Higgs bosons can reheat the universe up to a sufficiently high temperature.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; published version
Presynaptic NMDA Receptor Mechanisms for Enhancing Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release
Creators: name: Kunz, P. A.
name: Philpot, B. D.
name: Roberts, A. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are required for experience-driven plasticity during formative periods of brain development and are critical for neurotransmission throughout postnatal life. Most NMDAR functions have been ascribed to postsynaptic sites of action, but there is now an appreciation that presynaptic NMDARs (preNMDARs) can modulate neurotransmitter release in many brain regions, including the neocortex. Despite these advances, the cellular mechanisms by which preNMDARs can affect neurotransmitter release are largely unknown. Here we pharmacologically interrogated preNMDAR functions to determine how these receptors promote spontaneous neurotransmitter release in mouse primary visual cortex. Our results provide three new insights into the mechanisms by which preNMDARs can function. First, preNMDARs can tonically enhance spontaneous neurotransmitter release with minimal extracellular Ca2+ or with major sources of intracellular Ca2+ blocked. Second, lowering extracellular Na+ levels significantly reduces the contribution of preNMDARs to spontaneous transmitter release. Third, preNMDAR enhance transmitter release in part through protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. These data demonstrate that preNMDARs can act through novel pathways to promote neurotransmitter release in the absence of action potentials.
Classical vs quantum corrections to jet broadening in a weakly-coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Ghiglieri, Jacopo
name: Weitz, Eamonn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse momentum broadening coefficient $\hat{q}$ receives both soft, classical and radiative, quantum corrections. The former are responsible for a large O(g) correction, whereas the latter enter at relative order $α_s$, but are enhanced by a double logarithm of the length of the medium over the thermal wavelength. We analyze radiative corrections for a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma. We find that a thermal population of dynamical gluons changes the boundaries and reduces the size of the double-logarithmic phase space. It also provides new subdominant logarithmic corrections. We also show how the quantum, double-logarithmic and classical, soft phase spaces are smoothly connected once the radiated gluon becomes soft enough. Finally, we discuss a pathway to a determination of radiative corrections beyond the harmonic-oscillator approximation.
description: 26 pages plus appendices, 9 figures. v2: minor typographical fixes, matches JHEP version
Target-Specific IPSC Kinetics Promote Temporal Processing in Auditory Parallel Pathways
Creators: name: Manis, P. B.
name: Xie, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The acoustic environment contains biologically relevant information on time scales from microseconds to tens of seconds. The auditory brainstem nuclei process this temporal information through parallel pathways that originate in the cochlear nucleus from different classes of cells. While the roles of ion channels and excitatory synapses in temporal processing have been well studied, the contribution of inhibition is less well understood. Here, we show in CBA/CaJ mice that the two major projection neurons of the ventral cochlear nucleus, the bushy and T-stellate cells, receive glycinergic inhibition with different synaptic conductance time courses. Bushy cells, which provide precisely timed spike trains used in sound localization and pitch identification, receive slow inhibitory inputs. In contrast, T-stellate cells, which encode slower envelope information, receive inhibition that is eight-fold faster. Both types of inhibition improved the precision of spike timing, but engage different cellular mechanisms and operate on different time scales. Computer models reveal that slow IPSCs in bushy cells can improve spike timing on the scale of tens of microseconds. While fast and slow IPSCs in T-stellate cells improve spike timing on the scale of milliseconds, only fast IPSCs can enhance the detection of narrowband acoustic signals in a complex background. Our results suggest that target-specific IPSC kinetics are critical for the segregated parallel processing of temporal information from the sensory environment.
The RCB star V854 Cen is surrounded by a hot dusty shell
Creators: name: Chesneau, Olivier
name: Millour, Florentin
name: De Marco, Orsola
name: Bright, S. N.
name: Spang, Alain
name: Lagadec, Eric
name: Mékarnia, Djamel
name: de Wit, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims : The hydrogen-deficient supergiants known as R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars might be the result of a double-degenerate merger of two white dwarfs (WDs), or a final helium shell flash in a planetary nebula central star. In this context, any information on the geometry of their circumstellar environment and, in particular, the potential detection of elongated structures, is of great importance. Methods : We obtained near-IR observations of V854 Cen with the AMBER recombiner located at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) array with the compact array (B$\leq$35m) in 2013 and the long array (B$\leq$140m) in 2014. At each time, V854 Cen was at maximum light. The $H$- and $K$-band continua were investigated by means of spectrally dependant geometric models. These data were supplemented with mid-IR VISIR/VLT images. Results : A dusty slightly elongated over density is discovered both in the $H$- and $K$-band images. With the compact array, the central star is unresolved ($Θ\leq2.5$\,mas), but a flattened dusty environment of $8 \times 11$ mas is discovered whose flux increases from about $\sim$20% in the $H$ band to reach about $\sim$50% at 2.3$\micron$, which indicates hot (T$\sim$1500\,K) dust in the close vicinity of the star. The major axis is oriented at a position angle (P.A.) of 126$\pm$29$°$. Adding the long-array configuration dataset provides tighter constraints on the star diameter ($Θ\leq1.0$ mas), a slight increase of the overdensity to $12 \times 15$ mas and a consistent P.A. of 133$\pm$49$°$. The closure phases, sensitive to asymmetries, are null and compatible with a centro-symmetric, unperturbed environment excluding point sources at the level of 3% of the total flux in 2013 and 2014. The VISIR images exhibit a flattened aspect ratio at the 15-20% level at larger distances ($\sim$1$\arcsec$) with a position angle of 92$\pm$19$°$, marginally consistent with the interferometric observations. Conclusions : This is the first time that a moderately elongated structure has been observed around an RCB star. These observations confirm the numerous suggestions for a bipolar structure proposed for this star in the literature, which were mainly based on polarimetric and spectroscopic observations.
description: Accepted by A\&A, new version after language editing, Astronomy and Astrophysics (2014)
Redshifted 21-cm bispectrum: Impact of the source models on the signal and the IGM physics from the Cosmic Dawn
Creators: name: Kamran, Mohd
name: Ghara, Raghunath
name: Majumdar, Suman
name: Mellema, Garrelt
name: Bharadwaj, Somnath
name: Pritchard, Jonathan R.
name: Mondal, Rajesh
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiations from the first luminous sources drive the fluctuations in the 21-cm signal at Cosmic Dawn (CD) via two dominant astrophysical processes i.e. the Ly$α$ coupling and X-ray heating, making this signal highly non-Gaussian. The impact of these processes on the 21-cm signal and its non-Gaussianity vary depending on the properties of these first sources of light. In this work, we consider different CD scenarios by varying two major source parameters i.e. the minimum halo mass $M_{\rm h,\, min}$ and X-ray photon production efficiency $f_{\rm X}$ in a 1D radiative transfer code GRIZZLY. We study the impact of variation in these source parameters on the large scale ($k_1 = 0.16 {\, \rm Mpc}^{-1}$) 21-cm bispectrum for all possible unique triangles in the Fourier domain. Our detailed and comparative analysis of the power spectrum and bispectrum shows that the shape, sign and magnitude of the bispectrum combinedly provide the best measure of the signal fluctuations and its non-Gaussianity compared to the power spectrum. We also conclude that it is important to study the sequence of sign changes along with the variations in the shape and magnitude of the bispectrum throughout the CD history to arrive at a robust conclusion about the dominant IGM processes at different cosmic times. We further observe that among all the possible unique $k$-triangles, the large-scale non-Gaussianity in signal is best probed by the small $k$-triangles in the squeezed limit and by triangles of similar shapes. This opens up the possibility of constraining the source parameters during the CD using the 21-cm bispectrum.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in JCAP
Zenodo Quick Guide How-To Upload a File
Creators: name: Della Chiesa, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Zenodo upload
Guidance
Research Data Management
Repository

description: This guidance refers to the latest "fearless" release - Friday the 13th of October, 2023".
Zenodo is a popular online platform for researchers to share and archive their generic research outputs. Uploading files to Zenodo can be daunting for those unfamiliar with the platform. Hence, having simple how-to guidance on uploading files in Zenodo can be helpful. This guidance can provide step-by-step instructions on uploading files and editing metadata.
This guide was initially inspired by Richardson, Jane, Bianchi, Lorenza, & Czomba, Barnabas. (2018). Work Instruction on publication of digital objects in Knowledge Junction. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1409614
HARDWARE-ASSISTED VIRTUALIZATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO SYSTEMS SECURITY
Creators: name: FATTORI, ARISTIDE
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: In recent years, the number and sophistication of cybercriminals attacks has risen at an alarming pace, and this is not likely to slow down in the near future. To date, security researchers and industry proposed several countermeasures to this phenomenon, and continue to investigate new techniques, in a real arms race against miscreants. Most modern techniques to detect or prevent threats are based on dynamic analysis, that allows to observe the properties and behaviors of software while it runs. Many dynamic approaches are based on virtualization technology. Over the years, indeed, virtualization became the de facto standard environment for the implementation of many dynamic security tools and frameworks. Virtualization has many features that are particularly useful when dealing with systems security. Operating as a hypervisor (i.e., the entity that controls the execution of a system inside a virtual machine), indeed, grants a good degree of transparency and isolation, since the hypervisor is always more privileged than any component running as a guest of a virtual machine. On the contrary, approaches that directly work in the same system of their targets are prone to identification and corruption of their results. Until some years ago, virtualization was uniquely performed via software. Due to the many challenges and intricacies of virtualization, most software hypervisors have lots of prerequisites (e.g., the source code, or binaries, of a system must be modified before it can be run as a guest of a virtual machine). Furthermore, they commonly have bugs, due to the enormous amount of little details that must be handled, and these badly affect transparency and isolation qualities. These pitfalls greatly hinder security systems built on top of software hypervisors. The introduction of an hardware support for virtualization on most commodity CPUs, however, provided a good mean to overcome these limitations. In a strive to contribute to the systems security research field, in this dissertation we show how such hardware support can be leveraged to build tools and frameworks that use dynamic analysis to face some of the many challenges of the field. In more details, we first describe the design and implementation of a generic framework to perform complex dynamic analyses of both user- and kernel-level software, without relying on any native support or any a priori modification of the target. This framework lays the foundation of this dissertation, and on top of it we built the other two contributions: a malware detector and a tool to automatically discover vulnerabilities in Mac OS X kernel modules.
Spectral Meromorphic Operators and Nonlinear Systems
Creators: name: Grinevich, P. G.
name: Novikov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study here class of 1D spectral-meromorphic (s-meromorphic) OD operators $L=\partial_x^n+\sum_{n-2\geq i\geq 0}a_{n-2-i}\partial_x^i$ with meromorphic coefficients $a_j$ near $x\in R$ such that all eigenfunctions $Lψ=αψ$ are $x$--meromorphic near $x\in R$ for all $α$. Symmetric $s$-meromorphic operators are self-adjoint with respect to indefinite inner product well-defined for some special spaces of singular functions. In particular, all algebraic operators $L$--i.e. operators entering Burchnall-Chaundy-Krichever (BChK) rank one commutative rings -- are s-meromorphic. For KdV system corresponding algebraic operator $L=-\partial_x^2+u(x,t)$ is called singular finite gap, singular soliton or algebrogeometric Schrodinger operator. This special case was already studied by the present authors in the recent works.
description: 5 pages, two references and new results are added
Exploring the Small Mass Limit of Stationary Black Holes in Theories with Gauss-Bonnet Terms
Creators: name: Fernandes, Pedro G. S.
name: Mulryne, David J.
name: Delgado, Jorge F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we examine the small mass limit of black holes, with and without spin, in theories where a scalar field is non-minimally coupled to a Gauss-Bonnet term. First, we provide an analytical example for a theory where a static closed-form solution with a small mass limit is known, and later use analytical and numerical techniques to explore this limit in standard scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories with dilatonic, linear and quadratic-exponential couplings. In most cases studied here, we find an inner singularity that overlaps with the event horizon of the static black hole as the small mass limit is reached. Moreover, since solutions in this limit possess a non-vanishing Hawking temperature, a naked singularity is expected to be reached through evaporation, raising questions concerning the consistency of these theories altogether. On the other hand, we provide for the first time in this context an example of a coupling where the small mass limit is never reached, thus preferred from the point of view of cosmic censorship. Finally, we consider black holes with spin and numerically investigate how this changes the picture, using these to place the tightest upper bounds to date on the coupling constant for the dilatonic and linear theories, with $\sqrt{\overlineα} < 1$ km.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. Matches the version published in CQG
NLO QCD and EW corrections to off-shell $\mathrm{t}\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{j}$ production at the LHC
Creators: name: Denner, Ansgar
name: Pelliccioli, Giovanni
name: Schwan, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of a single top quark in association with a $\mathrm{Z}$ boson ($\mathrm{t}\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{j}$ production) at the LHC is a relevant probe of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model as well as a window to possible new-physics effects. The growing experimental interest in performing differential measurements for this process demands an improved theoretical modelling in realistic fiducial regions. In this article we present an NLO-accurate $\mathrm{t}\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{j}$ calculation that includes complete off-shell effects and spin correlations, combining QCD and electroweak radiative corrections to the LO signal. Integrated and differential cross-sections are shown for a fiducial setup characterized by three charged leptons, two jets, and missing energy.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, some extra comments added, version to appear in JHEP
Higher Spins & Strings
Creators: name: Gaberdiel, Matthias R
name: Gopakumar, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is natural to believe that the free symmetric product orbifold CFT is dual to the tensionless limit of string theory on AdS3 x S3 x T4. At this point in moduli space, string theory is expected to contain a Vasiliev higher spin theory as a subsector. We confirm this picture explicitly by showing that the large level limit of the N=4 cosets of arXiv:1305.4181, that are dual to a higher spin theory on AdS3, indeed describe a closed subsector of the symmetric product orbifold. Furthermore, we reorganise the full partition function of the symmetric product orbifold in terms of representations of the higher spin algebra (or rather its $W_{\infty}$ extension). In particular, the unbroken stringy symmetries of the tensionless limit are captured by a large chiral algebra which we can describe explicitly in terms of an infinite sum of $W_{\infty}$ representations, thereby exhibiting a vast extension of the conventional higher spin symmetry.
description: 47 pages; ancillary file included; v2. typos corrected, minor changes in Sec.7
Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Acts Redundantly with PAP and NT5E to Generate Adenosine in the Dorsal Spinal Cord
Creators: name: Wightman, R. M.
name: Millan, J. L.
name: King, I. F.
name: Yadav, M. C.
name: Street, S. E.
name: Zylka, M. J.
name: Taylor-Blake, B.
name: Walsh, P. L.
name: Kramer, N. J.
name: Vihko, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E) hydrolyze extracellular AMP to adenosine in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in the dorsal spinal cord. Previously, we found that adenosine production was reduced, but not eliminated, in Pap−/−/Nt5e−/− double knock-out (dKO) mice, suggesting that a third AMP ectonucleotidase was present in these tissues. Here, we found that tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP, encoded by the Alpl gene) is expressed and functional in DRG neurons and spinal neurons. Using a cell-based assay, we found that TNAP rapidly hydrolyzed extracellular AMP and activated adenosine receptors. This activity was eliminated by MLS-0038949, a selective pharmacological inhibitor of TNAP. In addition, MLS-0038949 eliminated AMP hydrolysis in DRG and spinal lamina II of dKO mice. Using fast-scan-cyclic voltammetry, we found that adenosine was rapidly produced from AMP in spinal cord slices from dKO mice, but virtually no adenosine was produced in spinal cord slices from dKO mice treated with MLS-0038949. Last, we found that AMP inhibited excitatory neurotransmission via adenosine A1 receptor activation in spinal cord slices from wild-type, Pap−/−, Nt5e−/−, and dKO mice, but failed to inhibit neurotransmission in slices from dKO mice treated with MLS-0038949. These data suggest that triple elimination of TNAP, PAP, and NT5E is required to block AMP hydrolysis to adenosine in DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord. Moreover, our data reveal that TNAP, PAP, and NT5E are the main AMP ectonucleotidases in primary somatosensory neurons and regulate physiology by metabolizing extracellular purine nucleotides.
No Firewalls or Information Problem for Black Holes Entangled with Large Systems
Creators: name: Stoltenberg, Henry
name: Albrecht, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how under certain conditions the black hole information puzzle and the (related) arguments that firewalls are a typical feature of black holes can break down. We first review the arguments of AMPS favoring firewalls, focusing on entanglements in a simple toy model for a black hole and the Hawking radiation. By introducing a large and inaccessible system entangled with the black hole (representing perhaps a de Sitter stretched horizon or inaccessible part of a landscape) we show complementarity can be restored and firewalls can be avoided throughout the black hole's evolution. Under these conditions black holes do not have an "information problem". We point out flaws in some of our earlier arguments that such entanglement might be generically present in some cosmological scenarios, and call out certain ways our picture may still be realized.
description: 8 pages. V2: We have revised our discussion of the applicability of our results in realistic cosmologies in Section 5. Also, typos fixed and citations added. Our technical results are unchanged. V3: Final version accepted for publication in PRD. Additional references added. No other changes
Tonic Activation of Bax Primes Neural Progenitors for Rapid Apoptosis through a Mechanism Preserved in Medulloblastoma
Creators: name: Deshmukh, M.
name: Chang, S. X.
name: Gama, V.
name: Bevilacqua, A.
name: Crowther, A. J.
name: Gershon, T. R.
name: Yuan, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Commitment to survival or apoptosis within expanding progenitor populations poses distinct risks and benefits to the organism. We investigated whether specialized mechanisms regulate apoptosis in mouse neural progenitors and in the progenitor-derived brain tumor medulloblastoma. Here, we identified constitutive activation of proapoptotic Bax, maintained in check by Bcl-xL, as a mechanism for rapid cell death, common to postnatal neural progenitors and medulloblastoma. We found that tonic activation of Bax in cerebellar progenitors, along with sensitivity to DNA damage, was linked to differentiation state. In cerebellar progenitors, active Bax localized to mitochondria, where it was bound to Bcl-xL. Disruption of Bax:Bcl-xL binding by BH3-mimetic ABT 737 caused rapid apoptosis of cerebellar progenitors and primary murine medulloblastoma cells. Conditional deletion of Mcl-1, in contrast, did not cause death of cerebellar progenitors. Our findings identify a mechanism for the sensitivity of brain progenitors to typical anticancer therapies and reveal that this mechanism persists in medulloblastoma, a malignant brain tumor markedly sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy.
Efficiency and Large Deviations in Time-Asymmetric Stochastic Heat Engines
Creators: name: Gingrich, Todd R.
name: Rotskoff, Grant M.
name: Vaikuntanathan, Suriyanarayanan
name: Geissler, Phillip L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a stochastic heat engine driven by a cyclic non-equilibrium protocol, fluctuations in work and heat give rise to a fluctuating efficiency. Using computer simulations and tools from large deviation theory, we have examined these fluctuations in detail for a model two-state engine. We find in general that the form of efficiency probability distributions is similar to those described by Verley et al. [2014 Nat Comm, 5 4721], in particular featuring a local minimum in the long-time limit. In contrast to the time-symmetric engine protocols studied previously, however, this minimum need not occur at the value characteristic of a reversible Carnot engine. Furthermore, while the local minimum may reside at the global minimum of a large deviation rate function, it does not generally correspond to the least likely efficiency measured over finite time. We introduce a general approximation for the finite-time efficiency distribution, $P(η)$, based on large deviation statistics of work and heat, that remains very accurate even when $P(η)$ deviates significantly from its large deviation form.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
2 -1 Signaling in Nucleus Accumbens Is Necessary for Cocaine-Induced Relapse
Creators: name: Spencer, S.
name: Reissner, K. J.
name: Kupchik, Y. M.
name: Kalivas, P. W.
name: Quintero, G. C.
name: Brown, R. M.
name: Thomas, C. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Relapse to cocaine seeking is associated with potentiated excitatory synapses in nucleus accumbens. α2δ-1 is an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels that affects calcium-channel trafficking and kinetics, initiates extracellular signaling cascades, and promotes excitatory synaptogenesis. Previous data demonstrate that repeated exposure to alcohol, nicotine, methamphetamine, and morphine upregulates α2δ-1 in reward-related brain regions, but it was unclear whether this alteration generalized to cocaine. Here, we show that α2δ-1 protein was increased in nucleus accumbens after cocaine self-administration and extinction compared with saline controls. Furthermore, the endogenous ligand thrombospondin-1, responsible for the synaptogenic properties of the α2δ-1 receptor, was likewise elevated. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of EPSCs in nucleus accumbens, we demonstrated that gabapentin, a specific α2δ-1 antagonist, preferentially reduced the amplitude and increased the paired-pulse ratio of EPSCs evoked by electrical stimulation in slices from cocaine-experienced rats compared with controls. In vivo, gabapentin microinjected in the nucleus accumbens core attenuated cocaine-primed but not cue-induced reinstatement. Importantly, gabapentin's effects on drug seeking were not due to a general depression of spontaneous or cocaine-induced locomotor activity. Moreover, gabapentin had no effect on reinstatement of sucrose seeking. These data indicate that α2δ-1 contributes specifically to cocaine-reinstated drug seeking, and identifies this protein as a target for the development of cocaine relapse medications. These results also inform ongoing discussion in the literature regarding efficacy of gabapentin as a candidate addiction therapy.
A Map of Functional Synaptic Connectivity in the Mouse Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus
Creators: name: Manis, P. B.
name: Campagnola, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The cochlear nuclei are the first central processors of auditory information and provide inputs to all the major brainstem and midbrain auditory nuclei. Although the local circuits within the cochlear nuclei are understood at a cellular level, the spatial patterns of connectivity and the connection strengths in these circuits have been less well characterized. We have applied a novel, quantitative approach to mapping local circuits projecting to cells in the mouse anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) using laser-scanning photostimulation and glutamate uncaging. The amplitude and kinetics of individual evoked synaptic events were measured to reveal the patterns and strengths of synaptic connections. We found that the two major excitatory projection cell classes, the bushy and T-stellate cells, receive a spatially broad inhibition from D-stellate cells in the AVCN, and a spatially confined inhibition from the tuberculoventral cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Furthermore, T-stellate cells integrate D-stellate inhibition from an area that spans twice the frequency range of that integrated by bushy cells. A subset of both bushy and T-stellate cells receives inhibition from an unidentified cell population at the dorsal–medial boundary of the AVCN. A smaller subset of cells receives local excitation from within the AVCN. Our results show that inhibitory circuits can have target-specific patterns of spatial convergence, synaptic strength, and receptor kinetics, resulting in different spectral and temporal processing capabilities.
A Novel Role for Brain Interleukin-6: Facilitation of Cognitive Flexibility in Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex
Creators: name: Donegan, Jennifer J.
name: Weinberg, Marc S.
name: Morilak, David A.
name: Girotti, Milena
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Cytokines, small proteins released by the immune system to combat infection, are typically studied under inflammatory conditions. However, these molecules are also expressed in the brain in basal, nonpathological states, where they can regulate neuronal processes, such as learning and memory. However, little is known about how cytokine signaling in the brain may influence higher-order cognitive functions. Cognitive flexibility is one such executive process, mediated by the prefrontal cortex, which requires an adaptive modification of learned behaviors in response to environmental change. We explored the role of basal IL-6 signaling in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in reversal learning, a form of cognitive flexibility that can be measured in the rat using the attentional set-shifting test. We found that inhibiting IL-6 or its downstream JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the OFC impaired reversal learning, suggesting that basal IL-6 and JAK/STAT signaling facilitate cognitive flexibility. Further, we demonstrated that elevating IL-6 in the OFC by adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery reversed a cognitive deficit induced by chronic stress, thus identifying IL-6 and the downstream JAK/STAT signaling pathway as potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of stress-related psychiatric diseases associated with cognitive dysfunction.
Cryogenic front-end amplifier design for large SiPM arrays in the DUNE FD1-HD photon detection system
Creators: name: Brizzolari, C.
name: Carniti, P.
name: Cattadori, C.
name: Cristaldo, E.
name: Rojo, A. de la Torre
name: Delgado, M.
name: Falcone, A.
name: Francis, K.
name: Gallice, N.
name: Gotti, C.
name: Guarise, M.
name: Montagna, E.
name: Montanari, A.
name: Pessina, G.
name: Pozzato, M.
name: Smolik, J.
name: Terranova, F.
name: Tomassetti, L.
name: de Osa, A. Verdugo
name: Warner, D.
name: Zalesak, J.
name: Zani, A.
name: Zuklin, J.
name: Zutshi, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photon detection system of the first far detector (FD1-HD) of the DUNE experiment will detect scintillation photons produced by particle interactions in a kiloton-scale liquid Argon time projection chamber. The photon detectors of choice are silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), 6$\times$6 mm$^2$ each, arranged in groups of 48, which present a significantly low impedance to the front-end electronics. This paper details the design of a cryogenic amplifier with exceptionally low white voltage noise of 0.37 nV$\sqrt{Hz}$, based on a silicon-germanium input transistor and a BiCMOS fully differential operational amplifier. It yields excellent single photoelectron resolution even at low overvoltage values. The signal rise time is below 100 ns, and the dynamic range is about 2000 photoelectrons at the typical operating overvoltage. It draws 0.7 mA from a single 3.3 V supply, for a power consumption of 2.4 mW per channel. Simplified models were developed to predict the single photolectron signal shape and the signal to noise ratio, with a good match to measured performance.
Resonant X-ray Scattering Study of Charge Density Wave Correlations in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$
Creators: name: Blanco-Canosa, S.
name: Frano, A.
name: Schierle, E.
name: Porras, J.
name: Loew, T.
name: Minola, M.
name: Bluschke, M.
name: Weschke, E.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Tacon, M. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results a comprehensive study of charge density wave (CDW) correlations in untwinned YBCO6+x single crystals with 0.4 0.09) an enhancement of the signal when an external magnetic field up to 6 T is applied in the superconducting state. For samples with p~0.08, where prior work has revealed a field-enhancement of incommensurate magnetic order, the RXS signal is field-independent. This supports a previously suggested scenario in which incommensurate charge and spin orders compete against each other, in addition to individually competing against. We discuss the relationship of these results to stripe order 214, the pseudogap phenomenon, superconducting fluctuations, and quantum oscillations.
description: revised version. To appear in Phys. Rev. B
Scalable quantum logic spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cui, Kaifeng
name: Valencia, Jose
name: Boyce, Kevin T.
name: Leibrandt, David R.
name: Hume, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum logic spectroscopy (QLS), one species of trapped ion is used as a sensor to detect the state of an otherwise inaccessible ion species. This extends precision measurements to a broader class of atomic and molecular systems for applications like atomic clocks and tests of fundamental physics. Here, we develop a new technique based on a Schrödinger cat interferometer to address the problem of scaling QLS to larger ion numbers. We demonstrate the basic features of this method using various combinations of $^{25}\text{Mg}^+$ logic ions and $^{27}\text{Al}^+$ spectroscopy ions. We observe higher detection efficiency by increasing the number of $^{25}\text{Mg}^+$ ions. Applied to multiple $^{27}\text{Al}^+$, this method will improve the stability of high-accuracy optical clocks and could enable Heisenberg-limited QLS.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures + supplemental material 8 pages, 4 figures
Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling
Creators: name: Poomjai Sa-Adchom
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Belt conveyor system
Drying kinetics
Far-infrared radiation
Mathematical modeling
Quality attributes
Tamarind foam-mats

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 50, 6, 584-596
Lo strano caso delle radiogalassie a X
Creators: Federico Di Giacomo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Utilizzando nuove simulazioni, gli astronomi della Northwestern University hanno inaspettatamente scoperto che la caratteristica forma a X di alcune radiogalassie, in cui i getti radio non sono due bensì quattro, è il risultato dell’interazione tra i getti stessi e il gas che cade nel buco nero centrale. Inoltre, queste particolari radiogalassie potrebbero essere più comuni di quanto non si pensasse in passato
Cocoon waste reinforced in epoxy matrix composite: Investigation on tensile properties and surface morphology
Creators: name: Jeerasak Jarupong
name: Apichart Artnaseaw
name: Suparat Sasrimuang
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cocoon waste
Composite material
Epoxy resin
Natural fiber

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 50, 6, 597-604