cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Random bosonic states for robust quantum metrology
Creators: name: Oszmaniec, Michał
name: Augusiak, Remigiusz
name: Gogolin, Christian
name: Kołodyński, Jan
name: Acín, A.
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how useful random states are for quantum metrology, i.e., surpass the classical limits imposed on precision in the canonical phase estimation scenario. First, we prove that random pure states drawn from the Hilbert space of distinguishable particles typically do not lead to super-classical scaling of precision even when allowing for local unitary optimization. Conversely, we show that random states from the symmetric subspace typically achieve the optimal Heisenberg scaling without the need for local unitary optimization. Surprisingly, the Heisenberg scaling is observed for states of arbitrarily low purity and preserved under finite particle losses. Moreover, we prove that for such states a standard photon-counting interferometric measurement suffices to typically achieve the Heisenberg scaling of precision for all possible values of the phase at the same time. Finally, we demonstrate that metrologically useful states can be prepared with short random optical circuits generated from three types of beam-splitters and a non-linear (Kerr-like) transformation.
description: 9 pages + 23 pages of appendix, 4 figures, v3: version close to the published article, updated references and narrative
Episodic molecular outflow in the very young protostellar cluster Serpens South
Creators: name: Plunkett, Adele L.
name: Arce, Hector G.
name: Mardones, Diego
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Dunham, Michael M.
name: Fernandez-Lopez, Manuel
name: Gallardo, Jose
name: Corder, Stuartt A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The loss of mass from protostars, in the form of a jet or outflow, is a necessary counterpart to protostellar mass accretion. Outflow ejection events probably vary in their velocity and/or in the rate of mass loss. Such `episodic' ejection events have been observed during the Class 0 protostellar phase (the early accretion stage), and continue during the subsequent class I phase that marks the first one million years of star formation. Previously observed episodic-ejection sources were relatively isolated; however, the most common sites of star formation are clusters. Outflows link protostars with their environment and provide a viable source of turbulence that is necessary for regulating star formation in clusters, but it is not known how an accretion-driven jet or outflow in a clustered environment manifests itself in its earliest stage. This early stage is important in establishing the initial conditions for momentum and energy transfer to the environment as the protostar and cluster evolve. Here we report that an outflow from a very young class 0 protostar, at the hub of the very active and filamentary Serpens South protostellar cluster, shows unambiguous episodic events. The $^{12}$CO (J=2-1) emission from the protostar reveals 22 distinct features of outflow ejecta, the most recent having the highest velocity. The outflow forms bipolar lobes --- one of the first detectable signs of star formation --- which originate from the peak of 1-mm continuum emission. Emission from the surrounding C$^{18}$O envelope shows kinematics consistent with rotation and an infall of material onto the protostar. The data suggest that episodic accretion-driven outflow begins in the earliest phase of protostellar evolution, and that the outflow remains intact in a very clustered environment, probably providing efficient momentum transfer for driving turbulence.
description: Accepted for publication as a "Letter" in Nature. 6 figures
Cellulose Nanocrystals: Renewable Property Modifiers for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Creators: name: Dastjerdi, Zahra
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs)
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)
In situ emulsion polymerization
The mechanical performance of CNC/PSA films

description: Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are polymeric materials with versatile applications in industrial and consumer products such as protective films, product labels, masking tape, and sticky notes, to name a few applications. World demand for emulsion–based products is on the rise due to worldwide legislation on solvent emissions. In order to completely replace emulsion-based PSAs with their solvent-based counterpart, the property modification of emulsion-based PSAs is required. The use of nanomaterials to modify polymer properties is well established. The aim of this thesis was to use cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as property modifiers for emulsion-based PSAs. CNCs are recognized as a highly efficient reinforcement nanofiller. Owing to their environmentally friendly characteristics, low density, high aspect ratio, non-toxicity, and abundant availability, the application of CNCs in composite materials is gaining increasing attention. In this thesis, the inclusion of CNCs in emulsion-based PSAs was carried out through in situ emulsion polymerization and blending technique. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited information about the synthesis of CNC/PSAs nanocomposites via in situ emulsion polymerization and the evaluation of their mechanical performance. The addition of CNCs to the polymerization formulation caused latex instability due to the negatively charged surfaces of the CNCs. After numerous attempts to overcome the stability issues, a stable polymerization formulation and protocol were developed. CNC/PSAs were synthesized via in situ seeded-semi batch emulsion polymerization, which is a common commercial production pathway for PSAs. The mechanical performance of the resulting PSA nanocomposite films, namely, shear strength, tack, and peel strength, was evaluated at several CNC loadings. All three PSA adhesive properties were simultaneously enhanced with increasing CNC loading. The inclusion of CNCs into the films increased their hydrophilicity. Consequently, the PSA films’ improved wettability on a stainless steel substrate imparted greater tack and peel strength. The blending of the CNCs with a base latex also led to improved adhesive properties. However, the property modification through blending was not as effective as that for the CNC/PSA films synthesized via in situ emulsion polymerization. Thus, CNCs are safe nanomaterials that have been shown to provide remarkable property enhancement of emulsion-based PSA films at low loadings (1wt%).
THE VALUE OF RESIDUES FROM LONG-PERIOD MANURING AT ROTHAMTSED AND WOBURN I. INTRODUCTION , Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
Creators: name: A. E. JOHNSTON
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: residual effects
subject: woburn experimental farm

description: Scanned PDF of THE VALUE OF RESIDUES FROM LONG-PERIOD MANURING AT ROTHAMTSED AND WOBURN I. INTRODUCTION , part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
V. THE VALUE TO ARABLE CROPS OF RESIDUES ACCUMULATED FROM POTASSIUM FERTILISERS , Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
Creators: name: A. E. JOHNSTON, R. G. WARREN
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: residual effects
subject: potassium

description: Scanned PDF of V. THE VALUE TO ARABLE CROPS OF RESIDUES ACCUMULATED FROM POTASSIUM FERTILISERS , part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
Finite Volume Cumulant Expansion in QCD-Colorless Plasma
Creators: name: Ladrem, M.
name: Ahmed, M. A. A.
name: Al-Full, Z.
name: Cherif, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the finite size effects, the localisation of the phase transition in finite systems and the determination of its order, become an extremely difficult task, even in the simplest known cases. In order to identify and locate the finite volume transition point $T_{0}(V)$ of the QCD deconfinement phase transition to a Colorless QGP, we have developed a new approach using the finite size cumulant expansion of the order parameter and the $L_{mn}$-method. The first six cumulants $C_{1,2,3,4,5,6}$ with the corresponding under-normalized ratios(skewness $Σ$, kurtosis $κ$ ,pentosis $Π_{\pm}$ and hexosis $\mathcal{H}_{1,2,3}$) and three unnormalized combinations of them ($\mathcal{O}={\mathcal{σ}^{2} \mathcal{κ} }{\mathbf{Σ}^{-1} }$, $\mathcal{U} ={\mathcal{σ}^{-2} \mathbf{Σ}^{-1} }$, $\mathcal{N} = \mathcal{σ}^{2} \mathcal{κ}$) are calculated and studied as functions of $(T,V)$. A new approach, unifying in a clear and consistent way the definitions of cumulant ratios, is proposed. A numerical FSS analysis of the obtained results has allowed us to locate accurately the finite volume transition point. The extracted transition temperature value $T_{0}(V)$ agrees with that expected $T_{0}^{N}(V)$ from the order parameter and the thermal susceptibility $χ_{T}\left( T,V\right)$, according to the standard procedure of localization to within about $2\%$. In addition to this, a very good correlation factor is obtained proving the validity of our cumulants method. The agreement of our results with those obtained by means of other models is remarkable.
description: 19 pages,14 figues, figures 4,5,6 figures are oversized, therefore, can be obtained directly from mladrem@yahoo.fr,Accepted for publication in EPJC
The Minerology of Broadbalk Soils, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Creators: name: A. H. WEIR, J. A. CATT
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: broadbalk long-term experiment

description: Scanned PDF of The Minerology of Broadbalk Soils, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Group Dynamics in the EFL Classroom.pdf
Creators: name: Abdalla, Nadia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: English and literacy curriculum and pedagogy (excl. LOTE, ESL and TESOL)

description: This action research project presents initial findings of a study that explored the extent to which EFL learners are aware of, develop, and use group work effectively. Group work is a teaching method used frequently in pre-academic and academic courses at tertiary institutions in Egypt. In this project, the author examined ten students' attitudes towards group work with the aim of improving learners' confidence in using L2, preventing unsolicited use of L1 in the classroom, and increasing time-on-task. Treatment included a workshop on group dynamics. Data were collected through pre- and post-attitudinal open-ended surveys, a five-minute reflection paper, the researcher's daily journal, and observations. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that learners' post-treatment attitudes toward group work improved, there was diminished unsolicited use of L1 during group interactional activities, and time-on-task was increased.
Improving Physician Engagement in Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Rural Emergency Departments
Creators: name: Wilson, Kelly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Introduction. Poor communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals negatively impact patient outcomes and quality of care. Due to the nature of the care environment, emergency departments (EDs) are particularly susceptible to this problem. Developing interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) is critical to managing complexity and improving ED care. One factor limiting efforts to create IPCP is the low level of physician engagement. The purpose of this project was to explore strategies implemented by rural EDs to promote physician participation in IPCP. Methods. The setting for this work was a HRSA-sponsored project, Shaping Systems, which involved a quality improvement collaborative designed to promote nursing’s capacity to develop IPCP in the ED setting of four rural North Carolina hospitals. Qualitative data were collected through participation in collaborative meetings, site visits, and structured interviews with participating site team members. Data were reviewed using content analysis, coded, and analyzed across cases to identify a list of strategies and report contextual factors related to improving physician engagement. Results. Strategies for engaging physicians were found at all participating sites with similar strategies noted at multiple sites. Successful approaches were grouped into structural, logistical, interpersonal, and quality improvement related strategies. Contextual factors that served as barriers or facilitators of these strategies were also reported. The result is a toolkit that includes strategies as well as the contextual factors that influence their applicability and success. Discussion/Conclusion. The results of this project were shared with participating EDs both to confirm their validity and so they could learn from each other to improve physician engagement in their efforts to create IPCP and improve the quality of care in their settings. Nursing leaders and others can use this toolkit as needed to address similar issues with physician engagement in their EDs.
The Melting Dynamics of Solids in Warm Solutions
Creators: name: Di Siena, Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Nowadays, an important part of the work of engineers and scientists consists in explaining everyday natural phenomena, whose real importance even on a global level is overlooked. One of them is the study of the melting of solids in different solutions, from laminar to turbulent flow conditions. In fact, the particular case of ice has become significant for many fields of Natural Sciences, such as Material and Environmental Science, and Energy Engineering, to prevent and predict the behavior of glaciers and beyond, and to optimize energy systems. To this end, various types of experimental research have already been conducted, in the hope of being able to mathematically predict the process and the evolution of melting over time. In this work, the study of fusion has been combined with another huge topic that has been present for a very long time and is vital in many industrial sectors. Even today it is a subject of study and development as the emulsification processes require a considerable amount of energy, or are not available on an industrial scale. Therefore, an innovative method for creating emulsions through the melting process is presented here. Three sets of experiments were conducted to study a water-in-oil system: the first without surfactant but at different temperatures, the second with different emulsifier concentrations and temperatures, and the third by implementing a small input of mechanical energy at temperature and concentration fixed. Ultimately, different mixtures of surfactants were tested in an oil-in-water system to understand their influence on the emulsification process.
ch.seven0001.pdf
Creators: name: Abdalla, Nadia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: English and literacy curriculum and pedagogy (excl. LOTE, ESL and TESOL)

description: This action research project presents initial findings of a study that explored the extent to which EFL learners are aware of, develop, and use group work effectively. Group work is a teaching method used frequently in pre-academic and academic courses at tertiary institutions in Egypt. In this project, the author examined ten students' attitudes towards group work with the aim of improving learners' confidence in using L2, preventing unsolicited use of L1 in the classroom, and increasing time-on-task. Treatment included a workshop on group dynamics. Data were collected through pre- and post-attitudinal open-ended surveys, a five-minute reflection paper, the researcher's daily journal, and observations. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that learners' post-treatment attitudes toward group work improved, there was diminished unsolicited use of L1 during group interactional activities, and time-on-task was increased.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Legume Nodule Bacteria, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Creators: name: P. S. NUTMAN
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: nitrogen
subject: Nitrogen fixation

description: Scanned PDF of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Legume Nodule Bacteria, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
10. WEED STUDIES ON BROADBALK , Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Creators: name: JOAN M. THURSTON
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: broadbalk long-term experiment
subject: weeds

description: Scanned PDF of 10. WEED STUDIES ON BROADBALK , part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Hodge Numbers for CICYs with Symmetries of Order Divisible by 4
Creators: name: Candelas, Philip
name: Constantin, Andrei
name: Mishra, Challenger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute the Hodge numbers for the quotients of complete intersection Calabi-Yau three-folds by groups of orders divisible by 4. We make use of the polynomial deformation method and the counting of invariant Kähler classes. The quotients studied here have been obtained in the automated classification of V. Braun. Although the computer search found the freely acting groups, the Hodge numbers of the quotients were not calculated. The freely acting groups, $G$, that arise in the classification are either $Z_2$ or contain $Z_4$, $Z_2 \times Z_2$, $Z_3$ or $Z_5$ as a subgroup. The Hodge numbers for the quotients for which the group $G$ contains $Z_3$ or $Z_5$ have been computed previously. This paper deals with the remaining cases, for which $G \supseteq Z_4$ or $G\supseteq Z_2 \times Z_2$. We also compute the Hodge numbers for 99 of the 166 CICY's which have $Z_2$ quotients.
description: 95 pages, 54 tables, many colour figures
Mechanisms for p-type behavior of ZnO, Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O and related oxide semiconductors
Creators: name: Urban, Daniel F.
name: Körner, Wolfgang
name: Elsässer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possibilities of turning intrinsically n-type oxide semiconductors like ZnO and Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O into p-type materials are investigated. Motivated by recent experiments on Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O doped with nitrogen we analyze the electronic defect levels of point defects N$_{\rm O}$, v$_{\rm Zn}$, and N$_{\rm O}$-v$_{\rm Zn}$ pairs in ZnO and Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O by means of self-interaction-corrected density functional theory calculations. We show how the interplay of defects can lead to shallow acceptor defect levels, although the levels of individual point defects N$_{\rm O}$ are too deep in the band gap for being responsible for p-type conduction. We relate our results to p-type conduction paths at grain boundaries seen in polycrystalline ZnO and develop an understanding of a p-type mechanism which is common to ZnO, Zn$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$O, and related materials.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Hyperon forward spin polarizability gamma0 in baryon chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Blin, Astrid Hiller
name: Gutsche, Thomas
name: Ledwig, Tim
name: Lyubovitskij, Valery E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the calculation of the hyperon forward spin polarizability gamma0 using manifestly Lorentz covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory including the intermediate contribution of the spin 3/2 states. As at the considered order the extraction of gamma0 is a pure prediction of chiral perturbation theory, the obtained values are a good test for this theory. After including explicitly the decuplet states, our SU(2) results have a very good agreement with the experimental data and we extend our framework to SU(3) to give predictions to the hyperons' gamma0 values. Prominent are the Sigma^- and Xi^- baryons as their photon transition to the decuplet is forbidden in SU(3) symmetry and therefore they are not sensitive to the explicit inclusion of the decuplet in the theory.
Quasars as probes of cosmological reionization
Creators: name: Mortlock, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasars are the most luminous non-transient sources in the epoch of cosmological reionization (i.e., which ended a billion years after the Big Bang, corresponding to a redshift of z ~ 5), and are powerful probes of the inter-galactic medium at that time. This review covers current efforts to identify high-redshift quasars and how they have been used to constrain the reionization history. This includes a full description of the various processes by which neutral hydrogen atoms can absorb/scatter ultraviolet photons, and which lead to the Gunn-Peterson effect, dark gap and dark pixel analyses, quasar near zones and damping wing absorption. Finally, the future prospects for using quasars as probes of reionization are described.
description: Book chapter in 'Understanding the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization: Challenges and Progress', Springer International Publishing, ed. Andrei Mesinger, ISBN 978-3-319-21956-1
Statistical Inference for Policy Evaluation in Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Wu, Weichen
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Statistical Theory

description: Policy evaluation plays a critical role in many scientific and engineering applications of Reinforcement Learning (RL), ranging from clinical trials to mobile health, robotics, and autonomous driving. Among the many RL algorithms used for policy evaluations, Temporal Difference (TD) learning and its variants are arguably the most popular. Despite the widespread use and practical significance of policy evaluation via TD learning, practitioners currently lack the necessary statistical tools to support their decision-making. This thesis aims to address this issue by developing theories and methods to perform statistical inference for policy evaluation using TD learning estimators. 
In the first part of the thesis, we derive novel and sharp non-asymptotic bounds on the estimation error of TD learning procedures with linear function approximation. Assuming independent samples, we have formulated sharp sample complexity bounds for both averaged TD learning and two time-scale TD learning with gradient correction. In the on-policy settings, our results for averaged TD learning improve significantly over the previous state-of-the-art bounds by a factor that can scale linearly with the dimension of the state space. In the on-policy scenarios, our upper bound is the first one to deliver a minimax optimal scaling with respect to the tolerance level while exhibiting an explicit dependence on all the problem-related parameters. 
In the second part of the thesis, we focus on the on-policy-setting, and de?velop valid and efficient inference procedures for TD learning-based estimators. We leverage novel, finite sample distributional approximations of TD estimators under different choices of stepsizes and with both i.i.d. and Markov samples. We achieve the most advanced Berry-Esseen bounds that control the rate by which the TD estimation errors converge to their corresponding asymptotic distributions, and formulate an online algorithm to construct confidence intervals based on these results. We demonstrate the validity of the confidence intervals for both independent samples and Markovian trajectories.
Sampling of real multivariate polynomials and pluripotential theory
Creators: name: Berman, Robert J.
name: Ortega-Cerdà, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of stable sampling of multivariate real polynomials of large degree in a general framework where the polynomials are defined on an affine real algebraic variety $M$, equipped with a weighted measure. In particular, this framework contains the well-known setting of trigonometric polynomials (when $M$ is a torus equipped with its invariant measure), where the limit of large degree corresponds to a high frequency limit, as well as the classical setting of one-variable orthogonal algebraic polynomials (when $M$ is the real line equipped with a suitable measure), where the sampling nodes can be seen as generalizations of the zeros of the corresponding orthogonal polynomials. It is shown that a necessary condition for sampling, in the general setting, is that the asymptotic density of the sampling points is greater than the density of the corresponding weighted equilibrium measure of $M$, as defined in pluripotential theory. This result thus generalizes the well-known Landau type results for sampling on the torus, where the corresponding critical density corresponds to the Nyqvist rate, as well as the classical result saying that the zeros of orthogonal polynomials become equidistributed with respect to the logarithmic equilibrium measure, as the degree tends to infinity.
The cosmology in f(R,T) gravity without dark energy
Creators: name: Sun, Gang
name: Huang, Yong-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the evolution of universe in $f(R,T)$ gravity where $R$ is the Ricci curvature and $T$ is the trace of energy momentum tensor. We focus on the specific form $f(R,T) = R+f(T)$ and explicitly find out the relation between $f(T)$ and state of equation $w$ by adiabatic condition. All possible modes of evolution of the scale factor for the five kinds of state of equation, $w= \pm 1, \pm 1/3, 0$ are exhibited. We simulate numerically the plots of redshift versus distance modulus for three interesting modes and then obtain the good fitting curve compared with the astronomical observation data.
Star Formation for Predictive Primordial Galaxy Formation
Creators: name: Milosavljevic, Milos
name: Safranek-Shrader, Chalence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elegance of inflationary cosmology and cosmological perturbation theory ends with the formation of the first stars and galaxies, the initial sources of light that launched the phenomenologically rich process of cosmic reionization. Here we review the current understanding of early star formation, emphasizing unsolved problems and technical challenges. We begin with the first generation of stars to form after the Big Bang and trace how they influenced subsequent star formation. The onset of chemical enrichment coincided with a sharp increase in the overall physical complexity of star forming systems. Ab-initio computational treatments are just now entering the domain of the predictive and are establishing contact with local observations of the relics of this ancient epoch.
description: Book chapter in "Understanding the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization: Challenges and Progress", Springer International Publishing, Ed. Andrei Mesinger, ISBN 978-3-319-21956-1
Full characterization of modular values for two-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Ho, Le Bin
name: Imoto, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vaidman pointed out the importance of modular values, and related the modular value of a Pauli spin operator to its weak value for specific coupling strengths [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 230401 (2010)]. It would be useful if this relationship is generalized since a modular value, which assumes a finite strength of the measurement interaction, is sometimes more practical than a weak value, which assumes an infinitesimally small interaction. In this paper, we give a general expression that relates the weak value and the modular value of an arbitrary observable in the 2-dimensional Hilbert space for an arbitrary coupling strength. Using this expression, we show the "failure of sum rule" for modular values, which has a resemblance to the "failure of product rule" for weak values. We give examples of "failure of sum rule" for some interesting cases, i.e., paradoxes based on nonlocality, which include EPR paradox, Hardy's paradox, and Cheshire cat experiment.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Suitable bases for quantum walks with Wigner coins
Creators: name: Bezdekova, Iva
name: Stefanak, Martin
name: Jex, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of a physical problem simplifies considerably when one uses a suitable coordinate system. We apply this approach to the discrete-time quantum walks with coins given by $2j+1$-dimensional Wigner rotation matrices (Wigner walks), a model which was introduced in T. Miyazaki et al., Phys. Rev. A 76, 012332 (2007). First, we show that from the three parameters of the coin operator only one is physically relevant for the limit density of the Wigner walk. Next, we construct a suitable basis of the coin space in which the limit density of the Wigner walk acquires a much simpler form. This allows us to identify various dynamical regimes which are otherwise hidden in the standard basis description. As an example, we show that it is possible to find an initial state which reduces the number of peaks in the probability distribution from generic $2j+1$ to a single one. Moreover, the models with integer $j$ lead to the trapping effect. The derived formula for the trapping probability reveals that it can be highly asymmetric and it deviates from purely exponential decay. Explicit results are given up to the dimension five.
title: Deal and the Deal boatmen, c.1840-c.1880
Creators: name: Bower, Jacqueline Mary
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: The traditional role of the town of Deal, on the East Kent coast, was that of providing services to shipping. The boatmen were the town's dominant occupational group. In the nineteenth century, however, many inhabitants, represented by the Borough Councillors, the local newspapers and some leading townsmen, were conscious that this era was ending and were seeking a new role for the town. The themes addressed in this thesis are therefore twofold. The first is that of how a smallish rural town attempted to adjust, over a period of about forty years, to economic decline. The second theme is the boatmen's work, their society, their family relationships and their position in the community. The thesis looks at Deal's development from the seventeenth century to its zenith in the early nineteenth century. It suggests that growth and decline in Deal directly coincided with periods of war and peace in national history, and that consequently the decline of the nineteenth century was inevitable, given the century of cross-Channel concord which followed the defeat of Napoleon. Chapter Three discusses the boatmen's decreasing opportunities for making a living from the 1830s and their consequent decline. Chapters Four and Five consider the effect of this decline on the rest of the population and the attempts made by some sections to redress the situation. These chapters examine the degree to which they had succeeded by 1880, and how the town changed in character as a consequence. Chapter Six attempts to reconstruct the customs and practices which governed the organisation of the boatmen's work. Chapter Seven assesses the importance of family and kinship in the boatmen's society, while Chapter Eight looks at the extent to which the boatmen existed as a separate community within the town, and whether this separation increased as their economic importance declined.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Breast Cancer Care and Treatment in North America: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Kripalani, Simran
name: Kulshrestha, Srishti
name: Saracco, Benjamin
name: Meterissian, Sarkis
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Diseases
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Plastic Surgery
subject: Oncology
subject: breast cancer
subject: covid19
subject: scoping review

description: A scoping review study designed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in North America on breast cancer care, particularly treatment delays and modifications.
Synthesis, separation, and characterization of polymers from gold monolayer protected clusters
Creators: name: Stevenson, Anthony
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This work details the advances made in the synthesis, separation, and characterization of small-chain gold monolayer protected cluster (MPC) polymers. Particles of 25 gold atoms (exhibiting molecule-like electronic behavior) or 140 gold atoms (showing electronic properties between those of molecular and bulk gold) were used to allow investigation of changes to these phenomena with MPC polymer assembly. Two classes of coupling chemistry, dithiol linkers and carbodiimide ester or amide formation, have been employed to synthesize these MPC polymers. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry has been used to aid in the identification of mixed monolayer starting materials, as well as to search for direct evidence of MPC assemblies. High performance reverse phase liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography have been used to separate complex mixtures of reaction products and isolate MPC polymers. TEM of these collected fractions has allowed imaging of MPC polymer assemblies.
Boosting in the presence of outliers: adaptive classification with non-convex loss functions
Creators: name: Li, Alexander Hanbo
name: Bradic, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper examines the role and efficiency of the non-convex loss functions for binary classification problems. In particular, we investigate how to design a simple and effective boosting algorithm that is robust to the outliers in the data. The analysis of the role of a particular non-convex loss for prediction accuracy varies depending on the diminishing tail properties of the gradient of the loss -- the ability of the loss to efficiently adapt to the outlying data, the local convex properties of the loss and the proportion of the contaminated data. In order to use these properties efficiently, we propose a new family of non-convex losses named $γ$-robust losses. Moreover, we present a new boosting framework, {\it Arch Boost}, designed for augmenting the existing work such that its corresponding classification algorithm is significantly more adaptable to the unknown data contamination. Along with the Arch Boosting framework, the non-convex losses lead to the new class of boosting algorithms, named adaptive, robust, boosting (ARB). Furthermore, we present theoretical examples that demonstrate the robustness properties of the proposed algorithms. In particular, we develop a new breakdown point analysis and a new influence function analysis that demonstrate gains in robustness. Moreover, we present new theoretical results, based only on local curvatures, which may be used to establish statistical and optimization properties of the proposed Arch boosting algorithms with highly non-convex loss functions. Extensive numerical calculations are used to illustrate these theoretical properties and reveal advantages over the existing boosting methods when data exhibits a number of outliers.
Fahrzeugdetektion durch Fusion monoskopischer Videomerkmale
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Christian
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe
Year: 2007
Subjects: Fahrerassistenzsystem
Datenfusion
Objektverfolgung

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Fahrzeugdetektion anhand monoskopischer Videomerkmale. Aus den Bildern einer im Fahrzeug angebrachten Videokamera werden charakteristische Merkmale extrahiert. Diese Beobachtungen werden fusioniert und zeitlich verfolgt. Dabei kommen Joint Probabilistic Data Association- Filter zum Einsatz. Mehrere Bewegungsmodelle werden in einem Interacting Multiple Model-Verfahren verknüpft, um eine zuverlässige Verfolgung zu gewährleisten.
L.E.J. Brouwer's `Unreliability of the logical principles'. A new translation, with an introduction
Creators: name: van Atten, Mark
name: Sundholm, Göran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new English translation of L.E.J. Brouwer's paper `De onbetrouwbaarheid der logische principes' (The unreliability of the logical principles) of 1908, together with a philosophical and historical introduction. In this paper Brouwer for the first time objected to the idea that the Principle of the Excluded Middle is valid. We discuss the circumstances under which the manuscript was submitted and accepted, Brouwer's ideas on the principle of the excluded middle, its consistency and partial validity, and his argument against the possibility of absolutely undecidable propositions. We note that principled objections to the general excluded middle similar to Brouwer's had been advanced in print by Jules Molk two years before. Finally, we discuss the influence on George Griss' negationless mathematics.
Sickness Symptoms and Their Associations with the Gut Microbiome Features in Kidney Transplant Recipient
Creators: name: Sung, Choa
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate sickness symptoms--depressive symptoms, anxiety and fatigue--experience in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and their associations with the gut microbial features. Chapter I contains overall background of my dissertation study. Chapter II is a scoping review to synthesize available evidence for sickness symptoms in KTRs, including findings on symptom prevalence, predictors and outcomes, and interrelationships and clustering in KTRs. Chapter III documents a pilot study performed to explore gut microbiome features and sickness symptom severity in KTRs at three timepoints and to examine longitudinal associations between gut microbiome features and sickness symptom severity. The research addresses an important gap in knowledge about symptom experiences in KTRs and how gut microbial features are related to sickness symptoms.
How are Frontline Providers Managing Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis? A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Young, Trevor
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dermatology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Pediatrics

description: This project is a systematic literature review to examine management of pediatric atopic dermatitis by pediatricians and general practitioners.
Dynamics of homogeneous nucleation
Creators: name: Toxvaerd, Søren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical nucleation theory for homogeneous nucleation is formulated as a theory for a density fluctuation in a supersaturated gas at a given temperature. But Molecular Dynamics simulations reveal that it is small cold clusters which initiates the nucleation. The temperature in the nucleating clusters fluctuate, but the mean temperature remains below the temperature in the supersaturated gas until they reach the critical nucleation size. The critical nuclei have, however, a temperature equal to the supersaturated gas. The kinetics of homogeneous nucleation is not only caused by a grow or shrink by accretion or evaporation of monomers only, but by an exponentially declining change in cluster size per time step equal to the cluster distribution in the supersaturated gas.
description: 5 figures
History, myth, and audience in Thucydides: Harmodius and Aristogeiton
Creators: name: Miller, Sarah H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Thucydides’ critique of history’s reception in the proem of book 1 is meant to have a rhetorical effect upon his own history’s recipients: he aims his proem at a sophisticated and self-interested audience that wants to demonstrate its interest in accurate knowledge, as opposed to flattering τὸ μυθῶδες. Thucydides subsequently employs speeches to dramatize the Athenians’ relationship to historical and political knowledge, showing how confusions engendered by the political rhetoric of Pericles’ funeral oration climax in the principled selfignorance displayed in the Herms and Mysteries trials of 415. Through this dramatization of the problems with the Athenians’ relationship to knowledge, especially in his double treatment of the politically charged Harmodius and Aristogeiton story, Thucydides moves his readers away from the assumptions that he attributes to them at the start of his composition, and educates them in the significance of the absence of τὸ μυθῶδες from his histories.
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Chemical Reaction Networks: Wisdom from Stochastic Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Rao, Riccardo
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build a rigorous nonequilibrium thermodynamic description for open chemical reaction networks of elementary reactions. Their dynamics is described by deterministic rate equations satisfying mass action law. Our most general framework considers open networks driven by time-dependent chemostats. The energy and entropy balances are established and a nonequilibrium Gibbs free energy is introduced. The difference between this latter and its equilibrium form represents the minimal work done by the chemostats to bring the network in its nonequilibrium state. It is minimized in nondriven detailed-balanced networks (i.e. networks which relax to equilibrium states) and has an interesting information-theoretic interpretation. We further show that the entropy production of complex balanced networks (i.e. networks which relax to special kinds of nonequilibrium steady states) splits into two non-negative contributions. One charaterizing the dissipation of the nonequilibrium steady state and the other the transients due to relaxation and driving. Our theory lays the path to study time-dependent energy and information transduction in biochemical networks.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures. v3: version published in Phys. Rev. X
Support for the European Union- like wine, does it improve over time?
Creators: name: Yeargin, Lauren
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: This thesis examines the relationship between political support and generational effects in the European Union. This paper argues that age has a negative effect on support for the European Union with older citizens being less supportive of the European Union than their younger counterparts. By using Eurobarometer data from twenty-seven member states, this paper analyzes the influence of age on citizens' support for the European Union on a macroeconomic scale. Age serves as the independent variable while trust, support and outlook are the dependent variables. Education, which could be an alternative independent variable, is controlled for in this study. The results reveal that age has no substantial effect on a citizen's trust, support or outlook towards the European Union.
Zoned uplift of western North Carolina bounded by topographic lineaments
Creators: name: Hill, Jesse Stuart
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: East-west-, southeast-northwest-, and north-south-trending lineaments separate zones of differential uplift and rejuvenated topography in the western North Carolina Blue Ridge Province. Sometime in the Miocene, over 200 m.y. after the birth of the Atlantic Ocean, the Blue Ridge of western North Carolina was uplifted, likely not as a broad uniform section of the crust, but rather as blocks bounded by conjugate fracture zones that today form the Swannanoa, Laurel Creek, Tuckasegee, Franklin, and other unnamed lineaments. The Swannanoa and Laurel Creek are two east-west lineaments visible in satellite imagery for 250 and 120 km. These previously recognized but poorly documented structures contain lineament-parallel outcrop-scale joints and dextral-normal faults formed from a near-vertical principal stress consistent with the focal mechanism from a 2005 earthquake. Streams draining into the lineaments have recorded uplift-related local base level change as knickpoints upstream of active topography and downstream of relict landscapes.
Spectrum of heavy baryons in the quark model
Creators: name: Yoshida, Tetsuya
name: Hiyama, Emiko
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
name: Oka, Makoto
name: Sadato, Katsunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single- and double- heavy baryons are studied in the constituent quark model. The model Hamiltonian is chosen as a standard one with two exceptions : (1) The color-Coulomb term depend on quark masses, and (2) an antisymmetric $LS$ force is introduced. Model parameters are fixed by the strange baryon spectra, $Λ$ and $Σ$ baryons. The masses of the observed charmed and bottomed baryons are, then, fairly well reproduced. Our focus is on the low-lying negative-parity states, in which the heavy baryons show specific excitation modes reflecting the mass differences of heavy and light quarks. By changing quark masses from the SU(3) limit to the strange quark mass, further to the charm and bottom quark masses, we demonstrate that the spectra change from the SU(3) symmetry patterns to the heavy quark symmetry ones.
description: 25 pages with 22 figures
Moving in Unison after perceptual interruption
Creators: name: Bardy, Benoit
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Humans interact in groups through various perception and action channels. The continuity of interaction despite a transient loss of perceptual contact often exists and contributes to goal achievement. Here, we study the dynamics of this continuity, in two experiments involving participants (N=7) synchronizing their movements in space and in time. We show that behavioural unison can be maintained after perceptual contact has been lost, for about 7s. Agent similarity and spatial configuration in the group modulated synchronization performance, differently so when perceptual interaction was present or when it was memorized. Modelling these data through a network of oscillators enabled us to clarify the double origin of this memory effect, of individual and social nature. These results shed new light into why humans continue to move in unison after perceptual interruption, and are consequential for a wide variety of applications at work, in art and in sport.