cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finitely presented simple groups and measure equivalence
Creators: name: Neumann, Antonio López
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E32, 20E42, 20F05, 20F55, 20J05, 20J06, 22E41, 28D15

description: We exhibit explicit infinite families of finitely presented, Kazhdan, simple groups that are pairwise not measure equivalent. These groups are lattices acting on products of buildings. We obtain the result by studying vanishing and non-vanishing of their $L^2$-Betti numbers.
description: 17 pages. Changes in version 2: proofs are formulated in a more clear way using nerves and some minor typos were corrected
title: Two-Scale Sparse Spiral Array Design for 3D Ultrasound Imaging in Air
Creators: name: Allevato, Gianni
name: Haugwitz, Christoph
name: Rutsch, Matthias
name: Müller, Raphael
name: Pesavento, Marius
name: Kupnik, Mario
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2024

description: Sparse array designs are a promising approach to improve the beam pattern and imaging quality, especially for applications, where hardware resources are severely limited. In particular, spiral sunflower arrays become increasingly popular due to their excellent point-spread-function (PSF) characteristics and their simple, deterministic and scalable design. Therefore, several sunflower modifications for further improvement have been investigated, e.g. density tapering based on window functions adapted from apodization techniques. In this article, we introduce a two-scale spiral array design concept, which exploits the specific PSF structure of the sunflower geometry, instead of relying on window functions. The modification proposed combines two nested sunflower sub-arrays featuring two different spatial element densities such that the locations of their respective main, side and grating lobe zones differ, resulting in a balanced and improved composite one-way PSF in terms of main lobe width (MLW) and maximum side lobe level (MSLL) under far-field and narrow-band conditions. First, we provide an analysis of the unmodified classic sunflower geometry, describe its PSF zones and show how their locations in the PSF can be estimated based on the array design parameters, which finally leads to the two-scale concept. Second, we examine a specific well-matching combination of nested sub-arrays to discuss the advantages and limitations of the resulting PSF. Third, we benchmark the respective optimum arrays of the classic sunflower and density tapering strategies with the two-scale method, where the latter shows an improved performance of the one-way PSF in terms of MLW and MSLL. Fourth, the two-scale design strategy is validated using a real-world 64-element prototype for narrow-band ultrasound imaging in air. We conduct two experiments to analyze the resulting PSF and angular resolution. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed flexible four-parameter concept is particularly valuable for high frame rate imaging as well as for transmit-only and receive-only applications.
Modélisations de textures par champ gaussien à orientation locale prescrite
Creators: name: Polisano, Kévin
name: Clausel, Marianne
name: Perrier, Valérie
name: Condat, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents two new models of oriented texture, based on a new class of Gaussian fields, called locally anisotropic fractional Brownian fields, with prescribed local orientation at any point. These fields are a local version of a specific class of anisotropic self-similar Gaussian fields with stationary increments. The simulation of such textures is obtained using a new algorithm mixing the tangent field formulation with the Cholesky method or the turning band method, this latter method having proved its efficiency for generating stationary anisotropic textures. Numerical experiments show the ability of the method for synthesis of textures with prescribed local orientation.
description: in French
«СИСТЕМА» КАК КЛЮЧЕВАЯ КАТЕГОРИЯ ПАРАДИГМЫ СЛОЖНОСТИ
Creators: name: Пилото Родригес Хавьер Альберто
name: Николаева Евгения Михайловна
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2020
Subjects: парадигма сложности
синергетика
систематика
система
теории сложности.

description: Представлены результаты исследовательского проекта, посвящённого изучению категории «система», в ракурсе эпистемологической перспективы парадигмы сложности. Обсуждаются различные концепции, разработанные в науке на протяжении её истории и дающие различные интерпретации этой категории. Как показывает проведённое исследование, принципы парадигмы сложности открывают большие перспективы для переосмысления этой категории.
Altered brain activation during memory retrieval precedes and predicts conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk
Creators: name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Addington, J.
name: Walker, E.F.,
name: Belger, A.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Carrión, R.E.
name: Chén, O.Y.
name: Van Erp, T.G.M.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Mirzakhanian, H.
name: Thermenos, H.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Chung, Y.
name: Cao, H.
name: McEwen, S.C.
name: Goodyear, B.
name: Hamann, S.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Seidman, L.J.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Anticevic, A.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: Memory deficits are a hallmark of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. However, whether the neural dysfunction underlying these deficits is present before the onset of illness and potentially predicts conversion to psychosis is unclear. In this study, we investigated brain functional alterations during memory processing in a sample of 155 individuals at clinical high risk (including 18 subjects who later converted to full psychosis) and 108 healthy controls drawn from the second phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2). All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a paired-associate memory paradigm at the point of recruitment and were clinically followed up for approximately 2 years. We found that at baseline, subjects at high risk showed significantly higher activation during memory retrieval in the prefrontal, parietal, and bilateral temporal cortices (PFWE < .035). This effect was more pronounced in converters than nonconverters and was particularly manifested in unmedicated subjects (P < .001). The hyperactivation was significantly correlated with retrieval reaction time during scan in converters (P = .009) but not in nonconverters and controls, suggesting an exaggerated retrieval effort. These findings suggest that hyperactivation during memory retrieval may mark processes associated with conversion to psychosis, and such measures have potential as biomarkers for psychosis prediction.
Entry points of the Russo-Ukrainian war into the EU's food supply chain and potential impacts
Creators: name: Waldl, David
name: Mykhailova, Mariia
name: Haas, Rainer
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2024
Subjects: War in Ukraine; Food Supply Chain; Supply Shocks; Energy Crisis; Food Crisis; Supply Chain Disruptions; International Food Trade Network

description: The Russo-Ukrainian war led to supply shocks in the EU's Food Supply Chain (FSC), impacting energy, fertilizer, and agricultural trade. By means of seven expert interviews, we assess possible impacts of these shock effects downstream entities within the EU’S FSC. Despite initial concerns about the need to compensate for Ukraine's previous agricultural commodity flows, exports to the EU have actually increased due to the abolition of tariffs and new land routes. However, the sanctions are changing the EU's trade relations in the energy and fertilizer sectors forcing it to find new trading partners. Such shifts in trade are accompanied by rising prices. Also, energy price spikes led to temporarily closure of fertilizer plants, compounding the problem. However, in times of undersupply of named goods, high GDP countries such as the EU states can afford to pay a premium price to fulfil their demand.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 15, No 5 (2024)
Association of baseline inflammatory markers and the development of negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Creators: name: Bearden, C.
name: Miller, A.H.
name: Cadenhead, K.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Addington, J.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Goldsmith, D.R.
name: Haroon, E.
name: Cannon, T.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: McGlashan, T.
name: Seidman, L.
name: Cornblatt, B.
name: Mathalon, D.
name: Tsuang, M.
Publisher: name: Academic Press Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Negative symptoms are common in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis and are associated with worse functional outcomes. Inflammation may be one mechanism underlying negative symptoms. Inflammatory markers are altered in individuals at CHR and are associated with negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. We thus hypothesized that baseline inflammatory markers would predict the development of negative symptoms in individuals at CHR for psychosis. Thirty seven individuals from the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study who met CHR criteria were included in the study. Inflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-λ, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured at baseline. Negative symptoms as measured by the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms, were measured at baseline and six and twelve months. Associations between inflammatory markers and the trajectory of negative symptoms (slope) over the first year of follow-up, were assessed using linear regression models controlling for age, sex, race and depressive symptom severity (as assessed by the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia). Baseline TNF (beta = 0.361, p = 0.007) and IL-6 (beta = −0.306, p = 0.026) predicted negative symptoms slopes, along with depressive symptom severity at baseline (beta = −0.596, p = 0.000). These findings demonstrate that inflammatory cytokines may underlie the development of negative symptoms in some individuals at CHR for psychosis. TNF predicted the development of negative symptoms independent of baseline depression. Given the heterogeneity of the CHR population, the comorbidity of negative symptoms and depression in this population, and the particular challenges in treating negative symptoms, immune markers could represent potential biomarkers that underlie the development of negative symptoms, representing a potential treatment target.
Getting higher on rugged landscapes: Inversion mutations open access to fitter adaptive peaks in NK fitness landscapes
Creators: name: Trujillo, Leonardo
name: Banse, Paul
name: Beslon, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular evolution is often conceptualised as adaptive walks on rugged fitness landscapes, driven by mutations and constrained by incremental fitness selection. It is well known that epistasis shapes the ruggedness of the landscape's surface, outlining their topography (with high-fitness peaks separated by valleys of lower fitness genotypes). However, within the strong selection weak mutation (SSWM) limit, once an adaptive walk reaches a local peak, natural selection restricts passage through downstream paths and hampers any possibility of reaching higher fitness values. Here, in addition to the widely used point mutations, we introduce a minimal model of sequence inversions to simulate adaptive walks. We use the well known NK model to instantiate rugged landscapes. We show that adaptive walks can reach higher fitness values through inversion mutations, which, compared to point mutations, allows the evolutionary process to escape local fitness peaks. To elucidate the effects of this chromosomal rearrangement, we use a graph-theoretical representation of accessible mutants and show how new evolutionary paths are uncovered. The present model suggests a simple mechanistic rationale to analyse escapes from local fitness peaks in molecular evolution driven by (intragenic) structural inversions and reveals some consequences of the limits of point mutations for simulations of molecular evolution.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in PLoS Computational Biology
КВАНТОВАЯ МЕХАНИКА И ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ НАУКИ
Creators: name: Прись Игорь Евгеньевич
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2020
Subjects: науки о природе
гуманитарные науки
квантовая механика
контекстуальный реализм
квантовый реализм.

description: Не существует фундаментального различия между естественными и гуманитарными науками. Всякая наука — нормативная практика, позволяющая описывать, объяснять и предсказывать явления. В то же время существуют очевидные нередуцируемые онтологические различия между науками и в рамках самих наук. Более того, онтология не абсолютна, а зависит от контекста. Наш контекстуальный реализм трактует теорию как витгенштейновское правило для измерения (природной или социальной) реальности в контексте. Тем самым он позволяет рассматривать различные науки с единой точки зрения и объясняет применимость квантовой теории к ряду социальных явлений. Социальный реализм — контекстуальный («квантовый») реализм. В частности, трудная проб лема философии сознания устраняется в рамках контекстуального («квантового») реализма
ВОПРОС «ПОЧЕМУ ЕСТЬ НЕЧТО, СКОРЕЕ ЧЕМ НИЧТО?» В ФИЛОСОФИИ А. ШОПЕНГАУЭРА И К. ЯСПЕРСА: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ
Creators: name: Корниенко Алексей Геннадьевич
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2020
Subjects: Шопенгауэр
Ясперс
основание
опыт
воля
экзистенция
шифр
объемлющее

description: Анализируются мнения А. Шопенгауэра и К. Ясперса по так называемому основному вопросу метафизики — вопросу «почему есть нечто, скорее чем ничто?». С точки зрения автора, оба мыслителя акцентируют внимание не на теоретическом, а прежде всего на экзистенциальном аспекте этого вопроса и апеллируют не к логическим аргументам и стратегиям доказательства, а к непосредственному опыту человеческого существования, в котором и обнаруживается искомое основание бытия
A Hybrid Quantum-Classical Hamiltonian Learning Algorithm
Creators: name: Wang, Youle
name: Li, Guangxi
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hamiltonian learning is crucial to the certification of quantum devices and quantum simulators. In this paper, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical Hamiltonian learning algorithm to find the coefficients of the Pauli operator components of the Hamiltonian. Its main subroutine is the practical log-partition function estimation algorithm, which is based on the minimization of the free energy of the system. Concretely, we devise a stochastic variational quantum eigensolver (SVQE) to diagonalize the Hamiltonians and then exploit the obtained eigenvalues to compute the free energy's global minimum using convex optimization. Our approach not only avoids the challenge of estimating von Neumann entropy in free energy minimization, but also reduces the quantum resources via importance sampling in Hamiltonian diagonalization, facilitating the implementation of our method on near-term quantum devices. Finally, we demonstrate our approach's validity by conducting numerical experiments with Hamiltonians of interest in quantum many-body physics.
description: 24 pages
How thermal priming of coral gametes shapes fertilization success
Creators: name: Puisay, Antoine
name: Hédouin, Laetitia
name: Pilon, Rosanne
name: Goiran, Claire
name: Pujol, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Seawater temperature rise is damaging coral reef ecosystems. There is growing evidence for the negative impact of rising temperatures on the survival of adult corals and their reproductive success. However, the effect of elevated temperatures on gametes remains scarcely studied. Here we tested the effect of the thermal priming of gametes on the fertilization success in experimentally tested populations of Acropora cytherea corals in French Polynesia. As expected, a temperature of 30 {\textdegree}C (ambient +3 {\textdegree}C) reduces coral fertilization success. However, the thermal exposure of gametes to 30 {\textdegree}C after their release in seawater prior to fertilization limited fertilization failure, with a greater impact of oocytes in comparison to sperm. This temperature is similar to temperatures observed in nature under the changing climate. Our findings imply that the thermal priming of early life stages, such as gametes may play a role in maintaining the coral fertilization success in spite of increasing seawater temperature.
ПОНЯТИЕ ДРУГОГО И ЭТИКА В ФИЛОСОФИИ Э. ЛЕВИНАСА
Creators: name: Калинина Анастасия Сергеевна
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2020
Subjects: этика
моральный запрет
ближний
Другой
встреча
лицо
насилие
соучастие
самотождественное Я.

description: Эмманюэль Левинас, французский философ и феноменолог, переводит проблему интерсубъективности в измерение морали и объявляет этику первой философией — первой постольку, поскольку этическое отношение лицом-к-лицу с Другим предшествует вопрошанию Я о собственной сущности и превращению человека в один из мировых объектов. В изначальном ненасильственном моральном отношении Другой выступает одновременно как абсолютная инаковость и как участник диалога, источник смысла и дискурсивного порядка.
СООТНОШЕНИЕ «МУЖЕСТВА БЫТЬ САМИМ СОБОЙ» И «МУЖЕСТВА БЫТЬ ЧАСТЬЮ» В КОНЦЕПЦИИ «МУЖЕСТВА БЫТЬ» П. ТИЛЛИХА
Creators: name: Черданцева Инна Владимировна
name: Метелев Алексей Витальевич
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2020
Subjects: экзистенциальная философия
мужество быть
мужество быть самим собой
мужество быть частью
самоутверждение.

description: В результате проведённого анализа оснований концепции «мужества быть» П. Тиллиха делается вывод о том, что выделяемые им социальный и теологический варианты соотношения «мужества быть самим собой» и «мужества быть частью» для человека фактически не совмещаются и не выглядят последовательными, как это пытается показать П. Тиллих. В его концепции они по сути альтернативны.
Two-dimensional Lifshitz-like AdS black holes in $F(R)$ gravity
Creators: name: Panah, B. Eslam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional ($2D$) Lifshitz-like black holes in special $F(R)$ gravity cases are extracted. We indicate an essential singularity at $r=0$, covered with an event horizon. Then conserved and thermodynamic quantities such as temperature, mass, entropy, and the heat capacity of $2D$ Lifshitz-like black holes in $F(R)$ gravity are evaluated. Our analysis shows that $2D$ Lifshitz-like black hole solutions can be physical solutions, provided that the cosmological constant is negative ($Λ<0$). Indeed, there is a phase transition between stable and unstable cases by increasing the radius of AdS black holes. In other words, the $2D$ Lifshitz-like AdS black holes with large radii are physical and enjoy thermal stability. The obtained $2D$ Lifshitz-like AdS-black holes in $F(R)$ gravity turn to the well-known $2D$ Schwarzschild AdS-black holes when the Lifshitz-like parameter is zero ($s=0$). Also, correspondence between these black hole solutions and the $2D$ rotating black hole solutions is found by adjusting the Lifshitz-like parameter.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted in Journal of Mathematical Physics
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titleType: Subtitle
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Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð³Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ñ
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Eigenvalue problems for slice functions
Creators: name: Krausshar, Rolf Sören
name: Perotti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30G35 (Primary) 47A75, 35J05 (Secondary)

description: This paper addresses particular eigenvalue problems within the context of two quaternionic function theories. More precisely, we study two concrete classes of quaternionic eigenvalue problems, the first one for the slice derivative operator in the class of quaternionic slice-regular functions and the second one for the Cauchy-Riemann-Fueter operator in the class of axially monogenic functions. The two problems are related to each other by the four-dimensional Laplace operator and Fueter's Theorem. As an application of a particular case of second order eigenvalue problems, we obtain a representation of axially monogenic solutions for time-harmonic Helmholtz and stationary Klein-Gordon equations.
Clinical Profiles and Conversion Rates Among Young Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Present to Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Services
Creators: name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Stone, W.S.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Seidman, L.J.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Smith, L.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Foss-Feig, J.H.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Reichenberg, A.
name: Addington, J.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Velthorst, E.
name: Keshavan, M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Objective: The overlap versus independence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia is a topic that has garnered the attention of generations of clinicians and scientists. Although high rates of psychotic symptoms have been identified in individuals with ASD, the nature, prevalence, and prognostic significance of subclinical psychotic experiences in ASD remain poorly understood. Method: This study sought to compare baseline characteristics, clinical profiles, and conversion outcomes between young individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) who presented with or without a prior ASD diagnosis during the second phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS, N = 764). Results: Patients with CHR and ASD (CHR/ASD+, n = 26) tended to exhibit greater social and social cognitive difficulties, but expressed relatively levels of core psychosis symptoms similar to those of to patients with CHR but no ASD (CHR/ASD−). Risk for conversion to co-occurring psychosis (18.2% CHR/ASD+ versus 16.8% CHR/ASD−) was equivalent between CHR/ASD+ and CHR/ASD− groups, and the NAPLS2 Psychosis Risk Calculator predicted conversion to psychosis equally well across groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that baseline psychosis symptoms, predictors of risk for conversion, and ultimate conversion rates are similar in patients with CHR with and without ASD. They further suggest that ASD must not be considered a mutually exclusive diagnosis when such youth present in CHR settings. Future research is needed to better track trajectories in larger cohorts of individuals with CHR and comorbid ASD and to understand whether treatment recommendations effective in the broader CHR population are useful for this particular population as well.
The role of $U(1)_A$ symmetry breaking in the QCD corrections to the pion mass difference
Creators: name: Ali, Mahammad Sabir
name: Islam, Chowdhury Aminul
name: Sharma, Rishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charged and neutral pion mass difference can be attributed to both the QED and QCD contributions. The current quark mass difference ($Δm$) is the source of the QCD contribution. Here, in a two-flavour non-local NJL model, we try to estimate the QCD contribution. Interestingly, we find that the strength of the $U(1)_A$ symmetry-breaking parameter $c$ plays a crucial role in obtaining the pion mass difference while intertwined with the current quark mass difference. To obtain the QCD contribution for the pion mass difference, we scan the parameter space in $\{Δm,\; c\}$, and by comparing this with the existing results, we constrained the parameter space. Further, using a fitted value of $c$, we determine the allowed range for the $Δm$ in the model. The model estimated $Δm$ ranges enable us to extract the chiral perturbation theory low-energy constant, $l_7$ and verify the dependence of the pion mass difference on $Δm$. We also find out its dependence on $c$ \textemdash\, it increases with the decreasing value of $c$, i.e., toward an axial anomaly restored phase.
description: 12 pages, 6 captioned figures, discussion on l7 has been added, accepted in JPG
ASCAPE: An open AI ecosystem to support the quality of life of cancer patients
Creators: name: Lampropoulos, Konstantinos
name: Kosmidis, Thanos
name: Autexier, Serge
name: Savic, Milos
name: Athanatos, Manos
name: Kokkonidis, Miltiadis
name: Koutsouri, Tzortzia
name: Vizitiu, Anamaria
name: Valachis, Antonios
name: Padron, Miriam Quintero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The latest cancer statistics indicate a decrease in cancer-related mortality. However, due to the growing and ageing population, the absolute number of people living with cancer is set to keep increasing. This paper presents ASCAPE, an open AI infrastructure that takes advantage of the recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to support cancer patients quality of life (QoL). With ASCAPE health stakeholders (e.g. hospitals) can locally process their private medical data and then share the produced knowledge (ML models) through the open AI infrastructure.
Virtual Triggering: a Technique to Segment Cryptographic Processes in Side Channel Traces
Creators: name: Guillaume, Jeremy
name: Pelcat, Maxime
name: Nafkha, Amor
name: Salvador, Rubén
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs) exploit data correla-tion in signals leaked from devices to jeopardize confidentiality. Locating and synchronizing segments of interest in traces from Cryptographic Processes (CPs) is a key step of the attack. The most common method consists in generating a trigger signal to indicate to the attacker the start of a CP. This paper proposes a method called Virtual Triggering (VT) that removes the need for the trigger signal and automates trace segmentation. When the time between repetitions is not constant, further trace alignment techniques are required. Building on VT, we propose a simple method to learn representative segment templates from a profiling device similar to the victim, and to automatically locate and pull out these segments from other victim devices using simple pattern recognition. We evaluate VT on screaming channel attacks [1], which initially used a Frequency Component (FC) known to appear at a single time in leaked signals, as a trigger to segment traces. We demonstrate that VT not only performs equivalently to FC on a standard attack scenario, but we also show how using VT with the automatic pullout technique improves the attack efficiency and enables more realistic attack scenarios. Thanks to VT, screaming channel attacks can now: (1) succeed with only half of the segments collected compared to the FC trigger from the original attack; and (2) absorb time variations between CPs.
description: To appear at the IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS) 2022. 6 pages, 11 figures, 2 algorithms
Stress controls the mechanics of collagen networks
Creators: name: Licup, Albert James
name: Münster, Stefan
name: Sharma, Abhinav
name: Sheinman, Michael
name: Jawerth, Louise M.
name: Fabry, Ben
name: Weitz, David A.
name: MacKintosh, Fred C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collagen is the main structural and load-bearing element of various connective tissues, where it forms the extracellular matrix that supports cells. It has long been known that collagenous tissues exhibit a highly nonlinear stress-strain relationship (Fung YC, Am J Physiol 213(6),1967; Humphrey JD, Proc R Soc Lond A: Math Phys Eng Sci 459(2029),2003), although the origins of this nonlinearity remain unknown (McMahon TA, Lec Math Life Sci 13,1980). Here, we show that the nonlinear stiffening of reconstituted type I collagen networks is controlled by the applied stress, and that the network stiffness becomes surprisingly insensitive to network concentration. We demonstrate how a simple model for networks of elastic fibers can quantitatively account for the mechanics of reconstituted collagen networks. Our model points to the important role of normal stresses in determining the nonlinear shear elastic response, which can explain the approximate exponential relationship between stress and strain reported for collagenous tissues (Fung YC, Am J Physiol 213(6),1967). This further suggests new principles for the design of synthetic fiber networks with collagen-like properties, as well as a mechanism for the control of the mechanics of such networks.
description: manuscript: 9 pages, 3 figures, supporting information: 5 pages, 7 figures
Impact of childhood adversity on corticolimbic volumes in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Creators: name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: LoPilato, A.M.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Addington, J.
name: Seidman, L.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Goines, K.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2019

description: Childhood adversity is among the strongest risk factors for psychosis-spectrum disorders, though the nature and specificity of the biological mechanisms underlying this association remains unclear. Previous research reveals overlaps in the volumetric alterations observed in both adversity-exposed individuals and in psychosis-spectrum populations, highlighting the possibility that deviations in corticolimbic gray matter development may be one mechanism linking adversity and psychosis. Given that childhood adversity encompasses a wide range of adverse experiences, there is also a critical need to examine whether these different types of experiences have unique effects on corticolimbic regions. This study examined the association between childhood adversity and cortical, hippocampal, and amygdalar volume in a large sample of youth at clinical-high risk (CHR) for psychosis. We utilized a novel differentiated adversity approach that distinguishes exposures along dimensions of threat (e.g., abuse) and deprivation (e.g., poverty, neglect) to test for differential associations. Participants were drawn from the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) and completed an MRI scan and a retrospective assessment of childhood adversity at baseline. We found that deprivation exposure, but not threat, was uniquely associated with smaller cortical volume and smaller right hippocampal volume in CHR youth. These associations were masked in a generalized risk model that utilized a total adversity score. The findings suggest that deprivation exposures during childhood contribute to the subtle volumetric reductions observed in clinical high-risk samples and highlight the importance of disentangling different dimensions of adversity.
UMMAFormer: A Universal Multimodal-adaptive Transformer Framework for Temporal Forgery Localization
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui
name: Wang, Hongxia
name: Du, Mingshan
name: Liu, Hanqing
name: Zhou, Yang
name: Zeng, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4
subject: 68T45

description: The emergence of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) has raised concerns about the authenticity of multimedia content in various fields. However, existing research for forgery content detection has focused mainly on binary classification tasks of complete videos, which has limited applicability in industrial settings. To address this gap, we propose UMMAFormer, a novel universal transformer framework for temporal forgery localization (TFL) that predicts forgery segments with multimodal adaptation. Our approach introduces a Temporal Feature Abnormal Attention (TFAA) module based on temporal feature reconstruction to enhance the detection of temporal differences. We also design a Parallel Cross-Attention Feature Pyramid Network (PCA-FPN) to optimize the Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) for subtle feature enhancement. To evaluate the proposed method, we contribute a novel Temporal Video Inpainting Localization (TVIL) dataset specifically tailored for video inpainting scenes. Our experiments show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets, including Lav-DF, TVIL, and Psynd, significantly outperforming previous methods. The code and data are available at https://github.com/ymhzyj/UMMAFormer/.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 66 references. This paper has been accepted for ACM MM 2023
One-shot quantum state redistribution and quantum Markov chains
Creators: name: Anshu, Anurag
name: Hadiashar, Shima Bab
name: Jain, Rahul
name: Nayak, Ashwin
name: Touchette, Dave
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We revisit the task of quantum state redistribution in the one-shot setting, and design a protocol for this task with communication cost in terms of a measure of distance from quantum Markov chains. More precisely, the distance is defined in terms of quantum max-relative entropy and quantum hypothesis testing entropy. Our result is the first to operationally connect quantum state redistribution and quantum Markov chains, and can be interpreted as an operational interpretation for a possible one-shot analogue of quantum conditional mutual information. The communication cost of our protocol is lower than all previously known ones and asymptotically achieves the well-known rate of quantum conditional mutual information. Thus, our work takes a step towards the important open question of near-optimal characterization of the one-shot quantum state redistribution.
description: v2: Exposition improved, references added, typos corrected. 32 pages, 2 figures. v1: 26 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Prevalence and associated factors of chronic non-communicable diseases among cross-country truck drivers in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Yosef, Tewodros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire
New Hindman spaces
Creators: name: Filipów, Rafał
name: Kowitz, Krzysztof
name: Kwela, Adam
name: Tryba, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54A20, 05A17, 03E35 (Primary) 03E50, 05C55, 11P99 (Secondary)

description: We introduce a method that allows to turn topological questions about Hindman spaces into purely combinatorial questions about the Katětov order of ideals on $\mathbb{N}$. We also provide two applications of the method. (1) We characterize $F_σ$ ideals $\mathcal{I}$ for which there is a Hindman space which is not an $\mathcal{I}$-space under the continuum hypothesis. This reduces a topological question of Albin L. Jones about consistency of existence of a Hindman space which is not van der Waerden to the question whether the ideal of all non AP-sets is not below the ideal of all non IP-sets in the Katětov order. (2) Under the continuum hypothesis, we construct a Hindman space which is not an $\mathcal{I}_{1/n}$-space. This answers a question posed by Jana Flašková at the 22nd Summer Conference on Topology and its Applications.
A local Cauchy integral formula for slice-regular functions
Creators: name: Perotti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 30G35, Secondary 30E20, 26B20

description: We prove a Cauchy-type integral formula for slice-regular functions where the integration is performed on the boundary of an open subset of the quaternionic space, with no requirement of axial symmetry. In particular, we get a local Cauchy-type integral formula. As a step towards the proof, we provide a decomposition of a slice-regular function as a combination of two axially monogenic functions.
Multilinguals Write Back : Modeling Language, Politics and Identity in Philippine Social Media
Creators: name: Cruz, Frances Antoinette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Poster presentation for the Digital Humanities Seminar at the University of Antwerp (21-23 March 2022) as part of YERUN’s LINK EDU-RES project, and at the faculty Onderzoeksdag [Research Day] (22 March 2022) of the Faculty of Arts, University of Antwerp.
CodeMark: Imperceptible Watermarking for Code Datasets against Neural Code Completion Models
Creators: name: Sun, Zhensu
name: Du, Xiaoning
name: Song, Fu
name: Li, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Code datasets are of immense value for training neural-network-based code completion models, where companies or organizations have made substantial investments to establish and process these datasets. Unluckily, these datasets, either built for proprietary or public usage, face the high risk of unauthorized exploits, resulting from data leakages, license violations, etc. Even worse, the ``black-box'' nature of neural models sets a high barrier for externals to audit their training datasets, which further connives these unauthorized usages. Currently, watermarking methods have been proposed to prohibit inappropriate usage of image and natural language datasets. However, due to domain specificity, they are not directly applicable to code datasets, leaving the copyright protection of this emerging and important field of code data still exposed to threats. To fill this gap, we propose a method, named CodeMark, to embed user-defined imperceptible watermarks into code datasets to trace their usage in training neural code completion models. CodeMark is based on adaptive semantic-preserving transformations, which preserve the exact functionality of the code data and keep the changes covert against rule-breakers. We implement CodeMark in a toolkit and conduct an extensive evaluation of code completion models. CodeMark is validated to fulfill all desired properties of practical watermarks, including harmlessness to model accuracy, verifiability, robustness, and imperceptibility.
description: Accepted to FSE 2023
Linear-time calculation of the expected sum of edge lengths in random projective linearizations of trees
Creators: name: Alemany-Puig, Lluís
name: Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The syntactic structure of a sentence is often represented using syntactic dependency trees. The sum of the distances between syntactically related words has been in the limelight for the past decades. Research on dependency distances led to the formulation of the principle of dependency distance minimization whereby words in sentences are ordered so as to minimize that sum. Numerous random baselines have been defined to carry out related quantitative studies on languages. The simplest random baseline is the expected value of the sum in unconstrained random permutations of the words in the sentence, namely when all the shufflings of the words of a sentence are allowed and equally likely. Here we focus on a popular baseline: random projective permutations of the words of the sentence, that is, permutations where the syntactic dependency structure is projective, a formal constraint that sentences satisfy often in languages. Thus far, the expectation of the sum of dependency distances in random projective shufflings of a sentence has been estimated approximately with a Monte Carlo procedure whose cost is of the order of $Rn$, where $n$ is the number of words of the sentence and $R$ is the number of samples; it is well known that the larger $R$, the lower the error of the estimation but the larger the time cost. Here we present formulae to compute that expectation without error in time of the order of $n$. Furthermore, we show that star trees maximize it, and give an algorithm to retrieve the trees that minimize it.
description: Correction of minor mistakes
Additional file 1 of Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand
Creators: name: Anchana Sumarnrote
name: Overgaard, Hans J.
name: Corbel, Vincent
name: Kanutcharee Thanispong
name: Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
name: Manguin, Sylvie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Collection locations of the Hyrcanus Group associated environment in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand.
Peculiarities of the local structure in new medium- and high-entropy, low-symmetry tungstates
Creators: name: Bakradze, Georgijs
name: Welter, Edmund
name: Kuzmin, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New monoclinic ($P2$/$c$) tungstates - a medium-entropy tungstate, (Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn)WO$_4$, and a high-entropy tungstate, (Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)WO$_4$ - were synthesized and characterized. Their phase purity and solid solution nature were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to probe the local structure around metal cations. The atomic structures based on the ideal solid solution model were optimized by a simultaneous analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra at multiple metal absorption edges - five for (Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn)WO$_4$ and six for (Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)WO$_4$ - by means of reverse Monte Carlo simulations. In both compounds, Ni$^{2+}$ ions have the strongest tendency to organize their local environment and form slightly distorted [NiO$_6$] octahedra, whereas Mn$^{2+}$, Co$^{2+}$, and Zn$^{2+}$ ions have a strongly distorted octahedral coordination. The most intriguing result is that the shape of [CuO$_6$] octahedra in (Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn)WO$_4$ and (Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)WO$_4$ differs from that found in pure CuWO$_4$, where a strong Jahn-Teller distortion is present: [CuO$_6$] octahedra become more regular with increasing degree of dilution.
Infomathic
Creators: name: Zayana, Karim
name: Queruel, Régis
name: Michalak, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Since its existence, the computer tool has often supported mathematicians, whether it is to implement an approximation method (numerical calculation of a root, of an integral, ...) or to simulate a phenomenon (geometric in nature, probabilistic, ...) to verify or establish a conjecture. But, and this is another point on which we will concentrate our attention here, computing will also have served the cause of mathematics by inspiring certain reasoning or by taking charge of whole sections of a demonstration. We will illustrate this fruitful partnership with two example saccessible from high school.
description: in French language