cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interactive Visualization to Reveal Activity Patterns of Marine Mammals and Boat Traffic in the St. Lawrence Estuary in Quebec, Canada
Creators: name: Zheng, Botao
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geography
subject: Visualization, spatial temporal datasets, pattern, geovisualization, geography

description: Intensive human activities of commercial shipping, ferries, and tourism have posed cumulative threats to the marine mammals in the St. Lawrence Estuary. In order to understand and quantify the exposure of marine mammals to visiting traffic, an agent-based model was built to simulate the behaviour of whales and boats in a portion of the St. Lawrence Estuary, which covers the Saguenay-Saint Lawrence Marine Park and the proposed Saint Lawrence Estuary Marine Protected Area. This model serves as a decision support tool to test the impact of various zoning and regulatory scenarios proposed by the Park’s managers. The objective of this research was to design and implement an interactive Geovisualization software program to manage the large datasets in volumes generated by the agent-based model to reveal, demonstrate and explore the potential activity patterns of marine mammals and boat traffic. This module includes two main components: the Database Module and the Application Module. The Database Module was designed using a standard general-purpose relational database management system. Through an interactive visual user interface, the Application Module offers a series of functionalities to visualize the results of users’ queries at both aggregate and disaggregate level. This software successfully allows the agent-based model to demonstrate the activity patterns of boat traffic and marine mammals by: 1) integrating many interactive dimensions at the same time while avoiding the interpretative complexity of multivariate pattern generalization or recognition methods, 2) verifying if the simulated patterns have a good fit with the real world, 3) allowing the Park’s managers to perform exploratory analysis for testing their regulation scenarios, and 4) providing a visual spatial support to aid spatial decision making process regarding the sustainable management of the Marine Park.
Ionization Parameter as a Diagnostic of Radiation and Wind Pressures in H II Regions and Starburst Galaxies
Creators: name: Yeh, Sherry C. C.
name: Matzner, Christopher D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ionization parameter U is potentially useful for measuring radiation pressure feedback from massive star clusters, as it reflects the radiation-to-gas-pressure ratio and is readily derived from mid-infrared line ratios. We consider several effects which determine the apparent value of U in HII regions and galaxies. An upper limit is set by the compression of gas by radiation pressure. The pressure from stellar winds and the presence of neutral clumps both reduce U for a given radiation intensity. The most intensely irradiated regions are selectively dimmed by internal dust absorption of ionizing photons, inducing observational bias on galactic scales. We explore these effects analytically and numerically, and use them to interpret previous observational results. We find that radiation confinement sets the upper limit log_10 U = -1 seen in individual regions. Unresolved starbursts display a maximum value of ~ -2.3. While lower, this is also consistent with a large portion of their HII regions being radiation dominated, given the different technique used to interpret unresolved regions, and given the bias caused by dust absorption. We infer that many individual, strongly illuminated regions cannot be dominated by stellar winds, and that even when averaged on galactic scales, shocked wind pressures cannot be large compared to radiation pressure. Therefore, most HII regions cannot be adiabatic wind bubbles. Our models imply a metallicity dependence in the physical structure and dust attenuation of radiation-dominated regions, both of which should vary strongly across a critical metallicity of about one-twentieth solar.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Layer chicken microbiota: a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections
Creators: name: Bajagai, Yadav Sharma
name: Van, Thi Thu Hao
name: Joat, Nitish
name: Chousalkar, Kapil
name: Moore, Robert J.
name: Stanley, Dragana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Top 10 phylum in different sections of the gut in commercially raised layer chickens showing variations among individual birds. Fig. S2. Top 20 genera in different sections of the gut in commercially raised layer chickens showing variations among individual birds. Fig. S3. Temporal variation in microbiota population in different gut sections. Fig. S4. Differences in microbiota population among farms. Fig. S5. Flock specific differential genera. Table S1. Differences in alpha diversity.
Signal into vision : medical imaging as instrumentally aided perception
Creators: name: Semczyszyn, Nola
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Imaging has become central to many branches of science. Ultrasound, PET, MRI, fMRI, CT, and various kinds of high powered microscopy are used biologically and medically and are taken to be extending the reaches of these sciences. I propose two features of imaging that need to be explained in order to situate these technologies in the epistemology of science: images are useful, and how imaging acts as a kind of visual prostheses. My solution is to appeal to pictorial representation in order to understand both how these images represent, and how we access the content of the images. I argue that imaging technologies take advantage of our ability to have visual experiences of three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional representations. In doing so they create images that are used for instrumentally aided perception into the body. My dissertation defends three theses: that imaging technology produces images as vehicles for seeing-in; that these images are visual prosthetics, they extend our perceptual capacities; and that images are used for instrumentally aided perception. I argue for these through both theoretical and pragmatic arguments. Throughout the dissertation I appeal to how the images are used and interpreted, and develop this through three case studies of MRI, ultrasound and fMRI.
Galaxy populations in the Antlia cluster - III. Properties of faint early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Castelli, Analia V. Smith
name: Cellone, Sergio A.
name: Faifer, Favio R.
name: Bassino, Lilia P.
name: Richtler, Tom
name: Romero, Gisela A.
name: Calderon, Juan Pablo
name: Caso, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridge) We present a new analysis of the early-type galaxy population in the central region of the Antlia cluster, focusing on the faint systems like dwarf ellipticals (dE) and dwarf spheroidals (dSph). We confirm 22 early-type galaxies as Antlia members, using GEMINI-GMOS and MAGELLAN-MIKE spectra. Among them, 2 belong to the rare type of compact ellipticals (cE), and 5 are new faint dwarfs that had never been catalogued before. In addition, we present 16 newly identified low surface brightness galaxy candidates, almost half of them displaying morphologies consistent with being Antlia's counterparts of Local Group dSphs, that extend the faint luminosity limit of our study down to MB = -10.1 (BT = 22.6) mag. We built an improved CMR in the Washington photometric system, i.e. integrated T1 magnitudes versus (C - T1) colours, which extends \sim 4 mag faintwards the limit of spectroscopically confirmed Antlia members. When only confirmed early-type members are considered, this relation extends over 10 mag in luminosity with no apparent change in slope or increase in colour dispersion towards its faint end. The intrinsic colour scatter of the relation is compared with those reported for other clusters of galaxies; we argue that it is likely that the large scatter of the CMR, usually reported at faint magnitudes, is mostly due to photometric errors along with an improper membership/morphological classification. The distinct behaviour of the luminosity versus mean effective surface brightness relation at the bright and faint ends is analyzed, while it is confirmed that dE galaxies on the same relation present a very similar effective radius, regardless of their colour. The projected spatial distribution of the member sample confirms the existence of two groups in Antlia, each one dominated by a giant elliptical galaxy and with one cE located close to each giant.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: An investigation of the role of two novel cancer targets, P-Rex1 and FAK, in genetically modified mouse models of melanoma
Creators: name: Lindsay, Colin Rowan
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2012

description: Background: Metastases are the major cause of death from melanoma, a skin cancer which has the fastest rising incidence of any malignancy in the Western world. Molecular pathways that drive melanoblast migration in development are believed to underpin the movement and ultimately the metastasis of melanoma. Aims: In this thesis we use genetically modified mice models to characterise two novel anticancer targets, P-Rex1 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Embryonic melanoblast migration is compared with cancer outcomes for each genetic modification. Results: Mice lacking P-Rex1, a Rac-specific Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), have a melanoblast migration defect during development evidenced by a white belly. These P-Rex1-/- mice are resistant to metastasis when crossed to a murine model of melanoma, an effect specifically channeled through loss of P-Rex1 GEF activity. FAK disruption compromises melanoblast cell numbers and migration in development, but has no long-term effect on melanocyte homeostasis. FAK-deleted mice have a divergent role in melanomagenesis, delaying primary melanoma onset whilst promoting metastasis following disease onset. Conclusions: We conclude that P-Rex1 and FAK play important roles in melanoblast embryology and melanoma development and progression. Both P-Rex1 and FAK represent interesting therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer.
10 simple rules for starting FAIR discussions in your community - Jülich Open Science Talk
Creators: name: Plomp, Esther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FAIR
RDM
Research Data Management
FAIR principles

description: Presentation by Esther Plomp for the Jülich Open Science Speaker Series on 5 December 2023, based on an upcoming publication in PLOS Computational Biology.
This lecture is a summary of the 'Ten simple rules for starting FAIR discussions in your community' article that provides guidance on how to start up discussions around the implementation of the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). This includes discussions on how to standardise research workflows to facilitate interoperability. This work will be particularly relevant if you are unsure where to start, who to involve, what the benefits and barriers of standardisation are, and little work has been done in your discipline to standardise research workflows. These ten rules aim to support you to more effectively engaging your community with discussions on standardisation and practical implementation of the FAIR principles.
Resolving the Luminosity Problem in Low-Mass Star Formation
Creators: name: Dunham, Michael M.
name: Vorobyov, Eduard I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the observational signatures of protostellar cores by coupling two-dimensional radiative transfer calculations with numerical hydrodynamical simulations that predict accretion rates that both decline with time and feature short-term variability and episodic bursts caused by disk gravitational instability and fragmentation. We calculate the radiative transfer of the collapsing cores throughout the full duration of the collapse, using as inputs the core, disk, and protostellar masses, radii, and mass accretion rates predicted by the hydrodynamical simulations. From the resulting spectral energy distributions, we calculate standard observational signatures (bolometric luminosity, bolometric temperature, ratio of bolometric to submillimeter luminosity) to directly compare to observations. We show that the accretion process predicted by these models reproduces the full spread of observed protostars in both Lbol - Tbol and Lbol - core mass space, including very low luminosity objects, provides a reasonable match to the observed protostellar luminosity distribution, and resolves the long-standing luminosity problem. These models predict an embedded phase duration shorter than recent observationally determined estimates (0.12 Myr vs. 0.44 Myr), and a fraction of total time spent in Stage 0 of 23%, consistent with the range of values determined by observations. On average, the models spend 1.3% of their total time in accretion bursts, during which 5.3% of the final stellar mass accretes, with maximum values being 11.8% and 35.5% for the total time and accreted stellar mass, respectively. Time-averaged models that filter out the accretion variability and bursts do not provide as good of a match to the observed luminosity problem, suggesting that the bursts are required.
description: Accepted by ApJ
Characterization of the medical department of pharmaceutical companies operating in Portugal
Creators: name: Gala, Acílio
name: Lima, Ana Rita
name: Laranjeira, Luís
name: Ramos, Miguel
name: Guimarães, João Paulo
name: Sousa, Conceição
name: Leitão, Andreia
name: De Jesus, Paula Martins
name: Marques, Susana Castro
name: Pereira, Carla
name: Nogueira, Mafalda
name: Sequeira, Leonor
name: Lopes, Nelson
name: Ribeiro, Filipe
name: Pinto, Paula C. A. G.
name: Gago, Bruno
Publisher: name: Revista Portuguesa de Farmacoterapia / Portuguese Journal of Pharmacotherapy
Year: 2017

description: In a context of strong regulatory demands and high economic pressures and constraints, medical departments within pharmaceutical companies, have demonstrated its strategic relevance even though the functions to embrace are not globally consensual.
In this context, a study that intended to analyse the management of medical activities, in pharmaceutical companies operating in Portugal, including allocated human resources and investment trends, was implemented.
Quantitative information was collected through an electronic survey, in pharmaceutical companies with activity in Portugal.
The analysis of the results supported the conclusion that the majority of the companies are affiliates of international companies and that 79% of them have formalized medical departments. The human resources of the medical departments of the participant companies include several professional classes, with predominance of pharmacists. Globally, the number of employees of the medical area has registered a systematic growth in the last years. It was also possible to conclude that the majority of the companies are increasing the investment in medical affairs activities.
This study enables the understanding of these activities in pharmaceutical companies operating in Portugal, within the international panorama of pharmaceutical industry. It contributes to improve the knowledge about the relevance of medical departments while enabling the definition of novel pathways to increase the competiveness and sustainability of the companies.
description: Revista Portuguesa de Farmacoterapia / Portuguese Journal of Pharmacotherapy, v. 9 n. 2 (2017): Abril
Observations of two-dimensional quantum oscillations and ambipolar transport in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 achieved by Cd doping
Creators: name: Ren, Zhi
name: Taskin, A. A.
name: Sasaki, Satoshi
name: Segawa, Kouji
name: Ando, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a defect-engineering strategy to optimize the transport properties of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 to show a high bulk resistivity and clear quantum oscillations. Starting with a p-type Bi2Se3 obtained by combining Cd doping and a Se-rich crystal-growth condition, we were able to observe a p-to-n-type conversion upon gradually increasing the Se vacancies by post annealing. With the optimal annealing condition where a high level of compensation is achieved, the resistivity exceeds 0.5 Ohmcm at 1.8 K and we observed two-dimensional Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations composed of multiple frequencies in magnetic fields below 14 T.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Supplemental material.pdf
Creators: name: Radman, َAli
name: Akhoondzadeh, Mehdi
name: Hosseiny, Benyamin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90905 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Supplemental material of the paper "Integrating InSAR and deep-learning for modelling and predicting subsidence over the adjacent area of Lake Urmia, Iran" for "GiScience and remote sensing" journal.
Compensating for Catastrophic Harm: Civil Liability Regimes and Compensation Funds
Creators: name: Kalkbrenner, Astrid
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Civil Liability
subject: Compensation Fund
subject: Catastrophic Harm

description: This thesis is concerned with civil liability for catastrophic incidents such as the BP Deepwater Horizon or Fukushima. Most civil liability regimes for potentially hazardous activities adopt design features, such as channelling and limiting the amount of liability. Channelling means that liability is assigned to a specific group of injurers and the liability of other potential defendants is excluded. The combination of channelling and financial limits may limit the overall compensation available to victims potentially resulting in undercompensation of victims. Depending on the jurisdiction, the remaining liability is left with the state or the victims. This thesis argues that the ordinary structure of civil liability regimes consisting of a liability rule backed up by a financial security instrument, such as insurance, is insufficient to address hazardous activities that result in catastrophic damage if adequate compensation for victims is the policy goal. Instead it is necessary to provide a liability regime that provides compensation in a series of layers. A liability rule assigns liability to the injurers, determines the standard of liability and other modalities such as limitation in amount. The first compensation layer consists of a financial security instrument that ensures liability is covered through financial means. For hazardous activities with potentially catastrophic outcomes, it is essential that another additional layer enhances the overall financial capacity to compensate for an accident. This thesis argues for the creation of a compensation fund financed by the group of potential injurers through a mechanism that reflects the risk contributed by each potential injurer. Compensation funds reduce reliance on financial aid from the state and avoid leaving the burden on the victims, while enhancing overall compensation capacity. There is only a limited body of literature on the topic of compensation funds. This thesis contributes to research on compensation funds through the study of existing compensation funds in the area of oil tanker pollution and nuclear accidents, and offers a theoretical analysis of funds. Compensation funds have the potential to make an important contribution to the efforts of adequately compensating victims and internalising costs. Thus, they should be an integral part of a civil liability regime for hazardous activities.
EU CCS Directive (MRV)
Creators: name: Honegger, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: MRV Methodologies and Accounting Issues

description: Operationalisation of Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide (+ amending Directives) in member states Other issues this affects MRV Readiness
 Liability in hubs
Enhancing Hydrocarbon Recovery and Sensitivity Studies in Tight Liquid-Rich Gas Resources
Creators: name: Wang, Min
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Tight liquid rich gas
subject: Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery
subject: Cyclic gas flooding
subject: Sensitivity study
subject: Experimental design

description: Unconventional tight reservoirs refer to the formations with a permeability ranges from 0.001 to 0.1 millidarcy. Horizontal drilling coupled with multistage hydraulic fracturing is required in these formations to achieve economic production rates. Recovery factor in tight gas formations is typically less than 25% of the original gas in-place. Such low recovery is a strong motivation to investigate the application of enhancing hydrocarbon recovery methods in these reservoirs. In this study, enhanced hydrocarbon recovery methods are investigated for a Montney liquid rich gas reservoir, located in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Firstly, a heterogeneous reservoir model is built and history-matched based on the production data collected from the field. Production performance of three EHR methods including cycling gas injection, CO2 flooding and water injection are then compared and their economic feasibility are evaluated. Sensitivity analysis of operational and geological factors including primary production duration, bottom hole pressures (BHP) during primary production and EHR process, pressure-dependent matrix permeability, non- Darcy effects and hydraulic fracture conductivity is conducted and their effects on the well production performance are studied. Experimental design is adopted to further study the mechanism and optimize the enhancing recovery process by cyclic gas injection and CO2 injection. Results show that both cumulative oil and gas production are increased with fluid injection compared to primary depletion methods. In addition, cyclic gas and CO2 flooding is more feasible for the ultra-low unconventional tight gas reservoir than water flooding due to the water injection difficulty and low sweep efficiency in the reservoir. Cycling gas injection leads to both a higher gas and oil recovery and lower injection cost due to the on-site available gas source and minimal transport/purchase costs, gaining more economic benefits than that of CO2 flooding. Thus, it can be concluded that cyclic gas flooding in tight liquid rich gas reservoirs with hydraulically stimulated fractures could be a good way to enhance oil and gas production. Optimization study results indicate that two injection wells, short primary production time, high primary BHP and injection BHP, short injection time and low later period BHP lead to an optimal scheme of cyclic gas flooding and CO2 flooding methods.
A GPU Tool for Efficient, Accurate, and Realistic Simulation of Cone Beam CT Projections
Creators: name: Jia, Xun
name: Yan, Hao
name: Cervino, Laura
name: Folkerts, Michael
name: Jiang, Steve B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulation of x-ray projection images plays an important role in cone beam CT (CBCT) related research projects. A projection image contains primary signal, scatter signal, and noise. It is computationally demanding to perform accurate and realistic computations for all of these components. In this work, we develop a package on GPU, called gDRR, for the accurate and efficient computations of x-ray projection images in CBCT under clinically realistic conditions. The primary signal is computed by a tri-linear ray-tracing algorithm. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is then performed, yielding the primary signal and the scatter signal, both with noise. A denoising process is applied to obtain a smooth scatter signal. The noise component is then obtained by combining the difference between the MC primary and the ray-tracing primary signals, and the difference between the MC simulated scatter and the denoised scatter signals. Finally, a calibration step converts the calculated noise signal into a realistic one by scaling its amplitude. For a typical CBCT projection with a poly-energetic spectrum, the calculation time for the primary signal is 1.2~2.3 sec, while the MC simulations take 28.1~95.3 sec. Computation time for all other steps is negligible. The ray-tracing primary signal matches well with the primary part of the MC simulation result. The MC simulated scatter signal using gDRR is in agreement with EGSnrc results with a relative difference of 3.8%. A noise calibration process is conducted to calibrate gDRR against a real CBCT scanner. The calculated projections are accurate and realistic, such that beam-hardening artifacts and scatter artifacts can be reproduced using the simulated projections. The noise amplitudes in the CBCT images reconstructed from the simulated projections also agree with those in the measured images at corresponding mAs levels.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Extended Event Log: Towards a Unified Standard for Process Mining
Creators: name: Suleiman, Ali
name: Kassem, Gamal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Process mining has grown popular today given their ability to provide managers with insights into the actual business process as executed by employees. Process mining depends on event logs found in process aware information systems to model business processes. This has raised the need to develop event log standards given that event logs are the entry point to any process mining project. One of the main challenges of event logs and process mining in general as was mentioned by the IEEE task force on process mining deals with the finding, merging and cleaning event data.This resulted in having multiple event log standards with different features. This paper attempts to propose a new unified standard for event logs that enriches the results of process mining without the need to tailor event logs for each process mining project.
Assessing market uncertainty by means of a time-varying intermittency parameter for asset price fluctuations
Creators: name: Rypdal, Martin
name: Sirnes, Espen
name: Løvsletten, Ola
name: Rypdal, Kristoffer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Maximum likelihood estimation applied to high-frequency data allows us to quantify intermittency in the fluctu- ations of asset prices. From time records as short as one month these methods permit extraction of a meaningful intermittency parameter λ characterising the degree of volatility clustering of asset prices. We can therefore study the time evolution of volatility clustering and test the statistical significance of this variability. By analysing data from the Oslo Stock Exchange, and comparing the results with the investment grade spread, we find that the estimates of λ are lower at times of high market uncertainty.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Early-time velocity autocorrelation for charged particles diffusion and drift in static magnetic turbulence
Creators: name: Fraschetti, Federico
name: Giacalone, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using test-particle simulations, we investigate the temporal dependence of the two-point velocity correlation function for charged particles scattering in a time-independent spatially fluctuating magnetic field derived from a three-dimensional isotropic turbulence power spectrum. Such a correlation function allowed us to compute the spatial coefficients of diffusion both parallel and perpendicular to the average magnetic field. Our simulations confirm the dependence of the perpendicular diffusion coefficient on turbulence energy density and particle energy predicted previously by a model for early-time charged particle transport. Using the computed diffusion coefficients, we exploit the particle velocity autocorrelation to investigate the time-scale over which the particles "decorrelate" from the solution to the unperturbed equation of motion. Decorrelation time-scales are evaluated for parallel and perpendicular motions, including the drift of the particles from the local magnetic field line. The regimes of strong and weak magnetic turbulence are compared for various values of the ratio of the particle gyroradius to the correlation length of the magnetic turbulence. Our simulation parameters can be applied to energetic particles in the interplanetary space, cosmic rays at the supernova shocks, and cosmic-rays transport in the intergalactic medium.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, The Astrophyical Journal in press
A Non-Canonical Function for NLRP3 and AIM2 in Kidney Diseases
Creators: name: Chung, Hyun Jae
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Kidney
subject: NLRP3
subject: AIM2
subject: Podocytes
subject: Innate immunity
subject: Inflammasomes
subject: Non-Canonical
subject: Apoptosis

description: NLRP3 and AIM2 are inflammasome-forming proteins that have been mostly studied in leukocytes. Canonical NLRP3 or AIM2 inflammasomes regulate cytokine maturation and pyroptosis via ASC and caspase-1 activation. Emerging studies demonstrate that NLRP3 or AIM2 is expressed in non-haematopoietic cells such as tubular epithelial cells (TEC) in the kidney. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that NLRP3 and AIM2 regulate host response to renal injury in the kidney. Primary mouse TEC lacking Nlrp3 displayed reduced caspase-8 activation downstream of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and CD95. TNFα/cycloheximide treatment induced NLRP3/ASC/caspase-8 speck-like complex formation at the mitochondria during apoptosis. The assembly of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-8 specks was downstream of TNFR signaling and independent of caspase-1 or -11 activation. This data shows that NLRP3 and ASC form a conserved non-canonical platform for caspase-8 activation, independent of the inflammasome that regulates apoptosis within epithelial cells. Interestingly, AIM2 was detected primarily in podocytes in the glomerulus and distal tubules at a low level. In a mouse model of nephrotoxic serum (NTS)-mediated anti-GBM, Aim2-/- mice displayed increased glomerular cellular crescent (multilayered accumulation of activated parietal cells) formation, tubular injury and inflammation, and worse renal function compared to wild-type controls. In vitro outgrowth of podocyte lacking Aim2 was greater than wild-type and Aim2-/- podocytes did not express Nhps2 (podocin) mRNA, a podocyte maturation marker. Furthermore, AIM2 was found to augment transcriptional activity of Wilm’s tumour-1 that regulates Nphs1 expression. This data suggests that non-canonical AIM2 regulates podocyte maturation, proliferation and potentially podocyte-to-parietal cell trans-differentiation during cellular crescent formation in vivo. In a mouse model of kidney ischemia/reperfusion in vivo, a significant difference in tubular injury was not detected between wild type and Aim2-/- mice. In vitro, tubular Aim2 did not regulate caspase-8 activation during apoptosis, confirming a limited role for Aim2 in tubular cell death. However, Aim2 deficiency attenuated TGFβ-mediated Smad phosphorylation and αSMA induction. Overall, these data increase the understanding of NLRP3 and AIM2 biology in the kidney diseases and highlight overarching non-canonical roles for NLRP3 and AIM2 to regulate critical biological processes in the kidney independent of inflammasome activation
Supplementary material
Creators: name: Radman, َAli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90905 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Supplemental material of the paper "Integrating InSAR and deep-learning for modelling and predicting subsidence over the adjacent area of Lake Urmia, Iran" for "GiScience and remote sensing" journal.
Solutions for underdetermined Wireless Location Systems
Creators: name: Arif, Sumaiya
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Wireless Location
subject: Handset-based Mobile infrastructure
subject: Network-based Mobile infrastructure
subject: Insufficient Wireless location system
subject: ambiguity in MS location
subject: Kalman filter for locating moving vehicle

description: Wireless location is referred to as the determination of the geographical location of a Mobile station (MS) based on either network-based or handset-based infrastructure. In either case, an insuffi cient number of Base Stations (BSs), results in an underdetermined system. The main objective of this thesis is to provide an acceptable location solution regarding MS when the required number of BSs is insuffi cient. The algorithm proposes to provide a Time of Transmission (TOT) estimate to a feed-back loop hence, allowing the solution to be a Time of Arrival (TOA) based system instead of a Time Di erence of Arrival (TDOA) one. For a 2-dimensional position, the Trilateration positioning methods require 3 valid BSs, on occasions when only 2 BSs are available the need for a third BS is served by the TOT estimate. When only one or no valid BS is available, the algorithm estimates the MS location by predicting its coordinates.
Dynamic Black Blood Carotid Artery Wall Imaging
Creators: name: Boesen, Mari Elyse
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Biophysics--Medical
subject: Radiology
subject: MRI
subject: Carotid
subject: Imaging

description: Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of plaque within a blood vessel wall and accounts for 20% of deaths in Canada. Atherosclerotic lesions are evaluated in terms of morphology, degree of stenosis, composition, and dynamics. Plaques with large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps are more likely to cause cardiovascular events. The bifurcation of the carotid artery is particularly susceptible to plaque accumulation due to the complicated hemodynamics in the region. The carotid arteries supply blood to the brain, and atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries is linked to stroke risk. Decreases in carotid arterial distension are associated with both plaque growth and rupture. As such, the characterization of carotid distensibility is an important part of stroke prevention. Imaging modalities capable of measuring distensibility are ultrasound, computed tomography and bright blood magnetic resonance imaging. However, these techniques do not provide compositional information. In this thesis I present and successfully demonstrate a retrospectively gated black blood fast spin echo MR imaging technique to capture the motion of the carotid arterial wall over the cardiac cycle. The sequence was validated in digital phantoms and tested for functionality, accuracy and repeatability in volunteers. Distensibility measures obtained from these images were found to be within the normal range for volunteers of this age group. The blood-wall contrast and temporal information obtained with the dynamic fast spin echo sequence show potential for clinical application in the evaluation of the distensibility of atherosclerotic carotid arteries.
Additional file 1 of An inflammation-based model for identifying severe acute pancreatitis: a single-center retrospective study
Creators: name: Li, Xiaotong
name: Zhang, Yiyan
name: Wang, Weiwei
name: Meng, Yao
name: Chen, Huimin
name: Chu, Guiyang
name: Li, Hongyu
name: Qi, Xingshun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 1. Figure S2. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 2. Figure S3. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 3. Figure S4. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 4. Figure S5. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 5. Figure S6. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 6. Figure S7. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 7. Figure S8. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 8. Figure S9. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 9. Figure S10. Forest plot showing the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis 10.
The effect of light assisted collisions on matter wave coherence in superradiant Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Kampel, N. S.
name: Griesmaier, A.
name: Steenstrup, M. P. Hornbak
name: Kaminski, F.
name: Polzik, E. S.
name: Müller, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally the effects of light assisted collisions on the coherence between momentum states in Bose-Einstein condensates. The onset of superradiant Rayleigh scattering serves as a sensitive monitor for matter wave coherence. A subtle interplay of binary and collective effects leads to a profound asymmetry between the two sides of the atomic resonance and provides far bigger coherence loss rates for a condensate bathed in blue detuned light than previously estimated. We present a simplified quantitative model containing the essential physics to explain our experimental data and point at a new experimental route to study strongly coupled light matter systems.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Successive transition from superconducting to antiferromagnetic phase in (Ca_6(Al, Ti)_4O_y)Fe_2As_2 studied via ^{75}As and ^{27}Al NMR
Creators: name: Nakano, T.
name: Fujiwara, N.
name: Tsutsumi, S.
name: Ogino, H.
name: Kishio, K.
name: Shimoyama, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An unusual successive phase transition from superconducting (SC) to antiferromagnetic (AF) phases was discovered via ^{75}As and ^{27}Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in (Fe_2As_2)(Ca_6(Al, Ti)_4O_y) with four (Al, Ti)O layers intercalated between FeAs planes. Although the spatially-uniform AF ordering is clearly visible from ^{27}Al spectra, the ordered moments are very small and the low-frequency fluctuation is much suppressed, contrary to existing pnictides with localized magnetic elements. Furthermore, the temperature (T) dependence of the fluctuation at both nuclei is very similar throughout the entire temperature range. These facts suggest that some hybridization between Ti and Fe orbitals induces a uniform electronic state within FeAs and (Al, Ti)O layers accompanied by the SC and AF transitions. The iron-based pnictide with Ti-doped blocking layers is the first high-T_c compound having metallic blocking layers.
Oil Recovery Strategies for Thin Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Creators: name: Zhao, Wei
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Thin reservoir
subject: Heavy Oil
subject: Reservoir Simulation
subject: Post-CHOPS

description: Up to 80% of heavy oil reservoirs in Western Canada are less than 5 m thick and as yet the only economic processes are cold production ones which realize recovery factors between 5% and 15%. This implies that >85% of the oil remains in the ground after the process becomes uneconomic to continue operation. At this time, no thermal processes exist that are economic. In the research documented in this thesis, reservoir simulation was used to guide the design of recovery processes for unexploited and post-CHOPS thin heavy oil reservoirs. The results suggest that the economic and environmental performance of the oil recovery processes for thin heavy oil reservoirs can be significantly improved through selection of injectants and operating parameters.
OPERA-reassessing data on the energy dependence of the speed of neutrinos
Creators: name: Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni
name: Gubitosi, Giulia
name: Loret, Niccoló
name: Mercati, Flavio
name: Rosati, Giacomo
name: Lipari, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We offer a preliminary exploration of the two sides of the challenge provided by the recent OPERA data on superluminal neutrinos. On one side we stress that some aspects of this result are puzzling even from the perspective of the wild quantum-gravity literature, where arguments in favor of the possibility of superluminal propagation have been presented, but not considering the possibility of such a sizeable effect for neutrinos of such low energies. We feel this must encourage particularly severe scrutiny of the OPERA result. On the other side, we notice that the OPERA result is reasonably consistent with $μ$-neutrino-speed data previously obtained at FERMILAB, reported in papers of 2007 and 1979. And it is intriguing that these FERMILAB79 and FERMILAB07 results, when combined with the new OPERA result, in principle provide a window on $μ$-neutrino speeds at different energies broad enough to compare alternative phenomenological models. We test the discriminating power of such an approach by using as illustrative examples the case of special-relativistic tachyons, the case of "Coleman-Glashow-type" momentum-independent violations of the special-relativistic speed law, and the cases of linear and quadratic energy dependence of the speed of ultrarelativistic muon neutrinos. Even just using $μ$-neutrino data in the range from $\sim$ 3 GeVs to $\sim$ 200 GeVs the special-relativistic tachyon and the quadratic-dependence case are clearly disfavoured. The linear-dependence case gives a marginally consistent picture and the Coleman-Glashow scenario fits robustly the data. We also comment on Supernova 1987a and its relevance for consideration of other neutrino species, also in relation with some scenarios that appeared in the large-extra-dimension literature.
description: some references added; figs.1 and 2 redrawn for better visibility of the effects of bias1979; some sentences which had been written a bit too "densely" in V1 are now more readable in this V2
Probing Long-Range Forces Between Neutrinos with Cosmic Structures
Creators: name: Kaplan, David E.
name: Luo, Xuheng
name: Rajendran, Surjeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the consequences of new long-range forces between neutrinos on cosmic scales. If these forces are a few orders of magnitude stronger than gravity, they can induce perturbation instability in the non-relativistic cosmic neutrino background in the late time universe. As a result, the cosmic neutrino background may form nonlinear bound states instead of free-streaming. The implications of the formation of nonlinear neutrino bound states include enhancing matter perturbations and triggering star formation. Based on existing measurements of the matter power spectrum and reionization history, we place new constraints on long-range forces between neutrinos with ranges lying in $1 \text{ kpc}\lesssim m_ϕ^{-1} \lesssim 10 \text{ Mpc}$.
description: Published version. 16 pages, 5 figures
Strain engineered graphene using a nanostructured substrate: II Pseudo-magnetic fields
Creators: name: Neek-Amal, M.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strain induced pseudo-magnetic field in supported graphene deposited on top of a nanostructured substrate is investigated by using atomistic simulations. Step, elongated trench, one dimensional barrier, spherical bubbles, Gaussian bump and Gaussian depression are considered as support structures for graphene. From the obtained optimum configurations we found very strong induced pseudo-magnetic fields which can reach up to $\sim$ 1000\,T due to the strain-induced deformations in the supported graphene. Different magnetic confinements with controllable geometries are found by tuning the pattern of the substrate. The resulting induced magnetic fields for graphene on top of a step, barrier and trench are calculated. In contrast to the step and trench the middle part of graphene on top of a barrier has zero pseudo-magnetic field. This study provides a theoretical background for designing magnetic structures in graphene by nanostructuring substrates. We found that altering the radial symmetry of the deformation, changes the six-fold symmetry of the induced pseudo-magnetic field.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. B