cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Boundless baryons: how diffuse gas contributes to anisotropic tSZ signal around simulated Three Hundred clusters
Creators: name: Lokken, Martine
name: Cui, Weiguang
name: Bond, J. Richard
name: Hložek, Renée
name: Murray, Norman
name: Davé, Romeel
name: van Engelen, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming advances in galaxy surveys and cosmic microwave background data will enable measurements of the anisotropic distribution of diffuse gas in filaments and superclusters at redshift $z=1$ and beyond, observed through the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. These measurements will help distinguish between different astrophysical feedback models, account for baryons that appear to be 'missing' from the cosmic census, and present opportunities for using locally-anisotropic tSZ statistics as cosmological probes. This study seeks to guide such future measurements by analysing whether diffuse intergalactic gas is a major contributor to anisotropic tSZ signal in The Three Hundred Gizmo-Simba hydrodynamic simulations. We apply multiple different halo boundary and temperature criteria to divide concentrated from diffuse gas at $z=1$, then create mock Compton-$y$ maps for the separated components. The maps from 98 simulation snapshots are centred on massive galaxy clusters, oriented by the most prominent galaxy filament axis, and stacked. Results vary significantly depending on the definition used for diffuse gas, indicating that assumptions should be clearly defined when claiming observations of the warm-hot intergalactic medium. In all cases, the diffuse gas is important, contributing 25-60% of the tSZ signal in the far field ($>4 h^{-1}$ comoving Mpc) from the stacked clusters. The gas 1-2 virial radii from halo centres is especially key. Oriented stacking and environmental selections help to amplify the signal from the warm-hot intergalactic medium, which is aligned but less concentrated along the filament axis than the hot halo gas.
description: Published in MNRAS. 18 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Minor revisions for clarity; results unchanged
Off-shell effects in bound nucleons and parton distributions from $^1$H, $^2$H, $^3$H and $^3$He data
Creators: name: Alekhin, S. I.
name: Kulagin, S. A.
name: Petti, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a new global QCD analysis including deep-inelastic scattering data off $^1$H, $^2$H, $^3$H, and $^3$He targets. Nuclear corrections are treated in terms of a nuclear convolution approach with off-shell bound nucleons. The off-shell (OS) corrections responsible for the modification of the structure functions (SFs) of bound nucleons are constrained in a global fit along with the proton parton distribution functions (PDFs) and the higher-twist (HT) terms. We investigate the proton-neutron difference for the OS correction and discuss our predictions for the SF ratio $F_2^n/F_2^p$ and the corresponding PDF ratio $d/u$ in the proton, as well as their correlations with the underlying treatment of the HT terms and of the OS corrections. In particular, we find that the recent MARATHON data are consistent with equal relative OS corrections for both the proton and the neutron.
description: Published version, 6 pages, 4 figures
Weakly regular Einstein-Euler spacetimes with Gowdy symmetry. The global areal foliation
Creators: name: Grubic, Nastasia
name: LeFloch, Philippe G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider weakly regular Gowdy-symmetric spacetimes on T3 satisfying the Einstein-Euler equations of general relativity, and we solve the initial value problem when the initial data set has bounded variation, only, so that the corresponding spacetime may contain impulsive gravitational waves as well as shock waves. By analyzing, both, future expanding and future contracting spacetimes, we establish the existence of a global foliation by spacelike hypersurfaces so that the time function coincides with the area of the surfaces of symmetry and asymptotically approaches infinity in the expanding case and zero in the contracting case. More precisely, the latter property in the contracting case holds provided the mass density does not exceed a certain threshold, which is a natural assumption since certain exceptional data with sufficiently large mass density are known to give rise to a Cauchy horizon, on which the area function attains a positive value. An earlier result by LeFloch and Rendall assumed a different class of weak regularity and did not determine the range of the area function in the contracting case. Our method of proof is based on a version of the random choice scheme adapted to the Einstein equations for the symmetry and regularity class under consideration. We also analyze the Einstein constraint equations under weak regularity.
description: 36 pages
Observing the Onset of Effective Mass
Creators: name: Chang, Rockson
name: Potnis, Shreyas
name: Ramos, Ramon
name: Zhuang, Chao
name: Hallaji, Matin
name: Hayat, Alex
name: Duque-Gomez, Federico
name: Sipe, J. E.
name: Steinberg, Aephraim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of a particle in a periodic potential to an applied force is commonly described by an effective mass which accounts for the detailed interaction between the particle and the surrounding potential. Using a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87-Rb atoms initially in the ground band of an optical lattice, we experimentally show that the initial response of a particle to an applied force is in fact characterized by the bare mass. Subsequently, the particle response undergoes rapid oscillations and only over timescales long compared to that of the interband dynamics is the effective mass observed to be an appropriate description.
Two-orbital view on the origin of the material dependence of Tc in the single-layer cuprates
Creators: name: Sakakibara, Hirofumi
name: Usui, Hidetomo
name: Kuroki, Kazuhiko
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Aoki, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the dx2-y2+dz2 two orbital model of the high Tc cuprates obtained from the first-principle calculation, we show that the material dependence of the Fermi surface shape can be understood by the degree of the mixture between the dx2-y2$ and the dz2 orbitals. We explain, through investigating the tightbinding hopping integrals, why some cuprates have square shaped Fermi surface, while others have more rounded ones. From this viewpoint, we explain the experimentally observed correlation between the curvature of the Fermi surface and Tc.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Types of milk consumed and risk of essential hypertension: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Kejin
name: Zhu, Puyan
name: Shi, Zhangyan
name: An, Caiyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022

description: To determine whether the different types of milk consumption have a genetic causal effect on essential hypertension, A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using public summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Totally, there are seven supplementary files included in this online resource.
 In the supplementary methods file, it described the additional analysis methods and results related to "Potential bias from the weak genetic instrument", "Bias from sample overlap", and "Pleiotropic SNPs scanning and its effects estimation".
 Summplementary Figure S1 visualized the result of RadialMR analysis.
 Supplementary Table S1 listed the basic information of GWAS studies involved.
 Supplementary Table S2 offered the results of heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses for each genetic instruments.
 Supplementary Table S3 recorded all SNPs which associated with the type of milk consumed.
 Supplementary Table S4 described the result of RadialMR analysis, considering the influence of outliers.
 Supplementary Table S5 listed the result of a new MR analysis, when revomed the potential pleiotropic SNPs.
The competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in a doped Hubbard model with anisotropic interaction
Creators: name: Ma, Runyu
name: Ma, Tianxing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity is one of the central questions in the research of strong correlated systems. In this work, we utilize a double layer model containing Hubbard interaction and interlayer Heisenberg interaction to reveal their competitions. This model is free of sign problem at certain conditions, and we perform projector quantum Monte Carlo simulations to extract the ground state correlations of magnetism and superconductivity. Our results shows that the superconductivity emerges when the antiferromagnetism is suppressed by tuning the filling or the anisotropy of the interlayer Heisenberg interaction. This model can be seen as an analogue of unconventional superconductors and may help us to understand the transition from an antiferromagnetic insulator to a superconductor.
description: 5 pages and 8 figures
Persistent high-energy spin excitations in iron pnictide superconductors
Creators: name: Zhou, K. J.
name: Huang, Y. B.
name: Monney, C.
name: Dai, X.
name: Strocov, V. N.
name: Wang, N. L.
name: Chen, Z. G.
name: Zhang, Chenglin
name: Dai, Pengcheng
name: Patthey, L.
name: Brink, J. van den
name: Ding, H.
name: Schmitt, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the premise that superconductivity in iron-based superconductors is unconventional and mediated by spin fluctuations, an intense research effort has been focused on characterizing the spin excitation spectrum in the magnetically ordered parent phases of the Fe-pnictides2,3 and - chalcogenides4. For these undoped materials it is well-established that the spin excitation spectrum consists of a sharp, highly dispersive magnon spanning an energy range of up to 200 meV (ref. 3). The fate of these high-energy magnetic modes upon sizable doping is hitherto unresolved. Using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering we show that optimally doped superconducting Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 retains well defined, dispersive high-energy modes of magnetic origin. These paramagnon modes are softer than, though as intense as, the magnon of undoped antiferromagnetic BaFe2As2. The persistence of spin excitations well into the superconducting phase suggests that, if spin fluctuations are responsible for superconducting pairing, they originate from a distinctly correlated spin-state. This connects Fe-pnictide superconductors to the high-Tc cuprates, for which in spite of fundamental differences in the electronic structure, similar paramagnon modes are present5.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
Energy Deconvolution of Cross Section Measurements with an Application to the 12C(α,γ)16O Reaction
Creators: name: Brune, Carl R.
name: Sayre, Daniel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general framework for deconvoluting the effects of energy averaging on charged-particle reaction measurements is presented. There are many potentially correct approaches to the problem; the relative merits of some of are discussed. These deconvolution methods are applied to recent 12C(α,γ)16O measurements.
description: 36 pages, 12 figures, 3 electronic files
Scalar leptoquark and vector-like quark extended models as the explanation of the muon $g-2$ anomaly: bottom partner chiral enhancement case
Creators: name: He, Shi-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leptoquark (LQ) models are well motivated solutions to the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly. In the minimal LQ models, only specific representations can lead to the chiral enhancements. For the scalar LQs, the $R_2$ and $S_1$ can lead to the top quark chiral enhancement. For the vector LQs, the $V_2$ and $U_1$ can lead to the bottom quark chiral enhancement. When we consider the LQ and vector-like quark (VLQ) simultaneously, there can be more scenarios. In our previous work, we considered the scalar LQ and VLQ extended models with up-type quark chiral enhancement. Here, we study the scalar LQ and VLQ extended models with down-type quark chiral enhancement. We find two new models with $B$ quark chiral enhancement, which originate from the bottom and bottom partner mixing. Then, we propose new LQ and VLQ search channels under the constraints of $(g-2)_μ$.
description: 17 pages, 2 captioned figures, 4 tables. Sequel to the paper arXiv:2112.13490 [hep-ph]. Add figures to show the $(g-2)_{\mu}$ allowed regions in the plane of $m_B-m_{\mathrm{LQ}}$. References added. Typos corrected. Presentation improved. Match the published version in Chinese Physics C
Availability, outage, and capacity of spatially correlated, Australasian free-space optical networks
Creators: name: Birch, Marcus
name: Beattie, James R.
name: Bennet, Francis
name: Rattenbury, Nicholas
name: Copeland, Michael
name: Travouillon, Tony
name: Ferguson, Kate
name: Cater, John
name: Sayat, Mikhael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Network capacity and reliability for free space optical communication (FSOC) is strongly driven by ground station availability, dominated by local cloud cover causing an outage, and how availability relations between stations produce network diversity. We combine remote sensing data and novel methods to provide a generalised framework for assessing and optimising optical ground station networks. This work is guided by an example network of eight Australian and New Zealand optical communication ground stations which would span approximately $60^\circ$ in longitude and $20^\circ$ in latitude. Utilising time-dependent cloud cover data from five satellites, we present a detailed analysis determining the availability and diversity of the network, finding the Australasian region is well-suited for an optical network with a 69% average site availability and low spatial cloud cover correlations. Employing methods from computational neuroscience, we provide a Monte Carlo method for sampling the joint probability distribution of site availabilities for an arbitrarily sized and point-wise correlated network of ground stations. Furthermore, we develop a general heuristic for site selection under availability and correlation optimisations, and combine this with orbital propagation simulations to compare the data capacity between optimised networks and the example network. We show that the example network may be capable of providing tens of terabits per day to a LEO satellite, and up to 99.97% reliability to GEO satellites. We therefore use the Australasian region to demonstrate novel, generalised tools for assessing and optimising FSOC ground station networks, and additionally, the suitability of the region for hosting such a network.
description: Accepted in Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 16 pages, 16 figures
Large Time Behaviour and Convergence Rate for Non Demolition Quantum Trajectories
Creators: name: Benoist, Tristan
name: Pellegrini, Clement
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A quantum system S undergoing continuous time measurement is usually described by a jump-diffusion stochastic differential equation. Such an equation is called a stochastic master equation and its solution is called a quantum trajectory. This solution describes actually the evolution of the state of S. In the context of Quantum Non Demolition measurement, we investigate the large time behavior of this solution. It is rigorously shown that, for large time, this solution behaves as if a direct Von Neumann measurement has been performed at time 0. In particular the solution converges to a random pure state which is related to the wave packet reduction postulate. Using theory of Girsanov transformation, we determine precisely the exponential rate of convergence towards this random state. The important problem of state estimation (used in experiment) is also investigated.
Stationary product measures for conservative particle systems and ergodicity criteria
Creators: name: Kraaij, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study conservative particle systems on W^S, where S is countable and W = {0, ..., N} or the natural numbers. The rate of a particle moving from site x to site y is given by p(x,y) b(eta_x, eta_y), where eta_z is the number of particles at site z. Under assumptions on b and the assumption that p is finite range, which allow for the exclusion, zero range and misanthrope processes, we show exactly what the stationary product measures are. Furthermore we show that a stationary measure mu is ergodic if and only if the tail sigma algebra of the partial sums is trivial under mu. This is a consequence of a more general result on interacting particle systems that shows that a stationary measure is ergodic if and only if the sigma algebra of sets invariant under the transformations of the process is trivial. We apply this result combined with a coupling argument on the stationary product measures to determine which product measures are ergodic. For the case that W is finite this gives a complete characterisation. For the case that W is the set of natural numbers we show that for nearly all functions b a stationary product measure is ergodic if and only if it is supported by configurations with an infinite amount of particles. We show that this picture is not complete, we give an example of a system where b is such that there is a stationary product measure which is not ergodic, even though it concentrates on configurations with an infinite number of particles.
Moving dunes on the Google Earth
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several methods exist for surveying the dunes and estimate their migration rate. Among methods suitable for the macroscopic scale, the use of the satellite images available on Google Earth is a convenient resource, in particular because of its time series. Some examples of the use of this feature of Google Earth are here proposed.
description: Keywords: Dunes, Dune Migration, Satellite Imagery, Google Earth, Image Processing
Knowledge Graph Contrastive Learning Based on Relation-Symmetrical Structure
Creators: name: Liang, Ke
name: Liu, Yue
name: Zhou, Sihang
name: Tu, Wenxuan
name: Wen, Yi
name: Yang, Xihong
name: Dong, Xiangjun
name: Liu, Xinwang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge graph embedding (KGE) aims at learning powerful representations to benefit various artificial intelligence applications. Meanwhile, contrastive learning has been widely leveraged in graph learning as an effective mechanism to enhance the discriminative capacity of the learned representations. However, the complex structures of KG make it hard to construct appropriate contrastive pairs. Only a few attempts have integrated contrastive learning strategies with KGE. But, most of them rely on language models ( e.g., Bert) for contrastive pair construction instead of fully mining information underlying the graph structure, hindering expressive ability. Surprisingly, we find that the entities within a relational symmetrical structure are usually similar and correlated. To this end, we propose a knowledge graph contrastive learning framework based on relation-symmetrical structure, KGE-SymCL, which mines symmetrical structure information in KGs to enhance the discriminative ability of KGE models. Concretely, a plug-and-play approach is proposed by taking entities in the relation-symmetrical positions as positive pairs. Besides, a self-supervised alignment loss is designed to pull together positive pairs. Experimental results on link prediction and entity classification datasets demonstrate that our KGE-SymCL can be easily adopted to various KGE models for performance improvements. Moreover, extensive experiments show that our model could outperform other state-of-the-art baselines.
description: This work has been accepted by IEEE for publication. Early access in IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Stick-Slip Sliding of Water Drops on Chemically Heterogeneous Surfaces
Creators: name: Varagnolo, Silvia
name: Ferraro, Davide
name: Fantinel, Paolo
name: Pierno, Matteo
name: Mistura, Giampaolo
name: Amati, Giorgio
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Sbragaglia, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of water drops sliding down chemically heterogeneous surfaces formed by a periodic pattern of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic stripes. Drops are found to undergo a stick-slip motion whose average speed is an order of magnitude smaller than that measured on a homogeneous surface having the same static contact angle. This motion is the result of the periodic deformations of the drop interface when crossing the stripes. Numerical simulations confirm this view and are used to elucidate the principles underlying the experimental observations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic molecules on the micrometer scale
Creators: name: Hollerith, Simon
name: Zeiher, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers -- bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms -- provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path towards studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Pulsating fronts for nonlocal dispersion and KPP nonlinearity
Creators: name: Coville, Jerome
name: Davila, Juan
name: Martinez, Salome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we are interested in propagation phenomena for nonlocal reaction-diffusion equations of the type: $δ_tu = J \times u - u + f (x, u) t \in R^+, x \in R^N$, where J is a probability density and f is a KPP nonlinearity periodic in the x variables. Under suitable assumptions we establish the existence of pulsating fronts describing the invasion of the 0 state by a heterogeneous state. We also give a variational characterization of the minimal speed of such pulsating fronts and exponential bounds on the asymptotic behavior of the solution.
description: Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e Analyse non lin\'eaire (2011)
Causal Inference via Style Transfer for Out-of-distribution Generalisation
Creators: name: Nguyen, Toan
name: Do, Kien
name: Nguyen, Duc Thanh
name: Duong, Bao
name: Nguyen, Thin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation aims to build a model that can generalise well on an unseen target domain using knowledge from multiple source domains. To this end, the model should seek the causal dependence between inputs and labels, which may be determined by the semantics of inputs and remain invariant across domains. However, statistical or non-causal methods often cannot capture this dependence and perform poorly due to not considering spurious correlations learnt from model training via unobserved confounders. A well-known existing causal inference method like back-door adjustment cannot be applied to remove spurious correlations as it requires the observation of confounders. In this paper, we propose a novel method that effectively deals with hidden confounders by successfully implementing front-door adjustment (FA). FA requires the choice of a mediator, which we regard as the semantic information of images that helps access the causal mechanism without the need for observing confounders. Further, we propose to estimate the combination of the mediator with other observed images in the front-door formula via style transfer algorithms. Our use of style transfer to estimate FA is novel and sensible for OOD generalisation, which we justify by extensive experimental results on widely used benchmark datasets.
description: In Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 23), August 6-10, 2023, Long Beach, CA, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 19 pages
Implications of the Higgs Boson and the LHC for the MSSM
Creators: name: Pierce, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These lectures were presented at the TASI 2012 summer school to a mixture of graduate students in particle theory and cosmology. They serve as an elementary introduction to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and discuss the implications of a 125 GeV Higgs boson for this theory. Some familiarity with the Standard Model is assumed.
description: 45 pages, 7 figures, comments welcome
Blocking sets in chain geometries
Creators: name: Blunck, Andrea
name: Havlicek, Hans
name: Zanella, Corrado
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we give some basic results on blocking sets on minimum size for a finite chain geometry.
Achieving Bright Organic Light Emitting Field Effect Transistors with Sustained Efficiency through Hybrid Contact Design
Creators: name: Chiu, Shih-Wei
name: Hsu, An
name: Ying, Lei
name: Liaw, Yong-Kang
name: Lin, Kun-Ta
name: Ruan, Jrjeng
name: Samuel, Ifor D. W.
name: Hsu, Ben Bang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organic light emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs) with bilayer structures have been widely studied due to their potential to integrate high-mobility organic transistors and efficient organic light emitting diodes. However, these devices face a major challenge of imbalance charge transport leading to severe efficiency roll-off at high brightness. Here, we propose a solution to this challenge by introducing a transparent organic/inorganic hybrid contact with specially designed electronic structures. Our design aims to steadily accumulate the electrons injected to the emissive polymer, allowing the light emitting interface to effectively capture more holes even when hole current increases. Our numerical simulations show that the capture efficiency of these steady electrons will dominate charge recombination and lead to a sustained external quantum efficiency of 0.23% over 3 orders of magnitude of brightness (4 to 7700 cd/m2) and current density (1.2 to 2700 mA/cm2) from -4 to -100 V. The same enhancement is retained even after increasing EQE to ~0.51%. The high and tunable brightness with stable efficiency offered by hybrid-contact OLEFETs make them ideal light emitting devices for various applications. These devices have the potential to revolutionize the field of organic electronics by overcoming the fundamental challenge of imbalance charge transport.
description: 21 pages and 5 figures 2 Tables
The construction of $ε$-splitting map
Creators: name: Xu, Guoyi
name: Zhou, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a geodesic ball with non-negative Ricci curvature and almost maximal volume, without using compactness argument, we construct an $ε$-splitting map on a concentric geodesic ball with uniformly small radius. There are two new technical points in our proof. The first one is the way of finding $n$ directional points by induction and stratified almost Gou-Gu Theorem. The other one is the error estimates of projections, which guarantee the $n$ directional points we find really determine $n$ different directions.
description: to appear in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
Using Multiple Instance Learning to Build Multimodal Representations
Creators: name: Wang, Peiqi
name: Wells, William M.
name: Berkowitz, Seth
name: Horng, Steven
name: Golland, Polina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image-text multimodal representation learning aligns data across modalities and enables important medical applications, e.g., image classification, visual grounding, and cross-modal retrieval. In this work, we establish a connection between multimodal representation learning and multiple instance learning. Based on this connection, we propose a generic framework for constructing permutation-invariant score functions with many existing multimodal representation learning approaches as special cases. Furthermore, we use the framework to derive a novel contrastive learning approach and demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art results in several downstream tasks.
All-Optical Nuclear Quantum Sensing using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
Creators: name: Bürgler, Beat
name: Sjolander, Tobias F.
name: Brinza, Ovidiu
name: Tallaire, Alexandre
name: Achard, Jocelyn
name: Maletinsky, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid state spins have demonstrated significant potential in quantum sensing with applications including fundamental science, medical diagnostics and navigation. The quantum sensing schemes showing best performance under ambient conditions all utilize microwave or radio-frequency driving, which poses a significant limitation for miniaturization, energy-efficiency and non-invasiveness of quantum sensors. We overcome this limitation by demonstrating a purely optical approach to coherent quantum sensing. Our scheme involves the $^{15}$N nuclear spin of the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond as a sensing resource, and exploits NV spin dynamics in oblique magnetic fields near the NV's excited state level anti-crossing to optically pump the nuclear spin into a quantum superposition state. We demonstrate all-optical free-induction decay measurements - the key protocol for low-frequency quantum sensing - both on single spins and spin ensembles. Our results pave the way for highly compact quantum sensors to be employed for magnetometry or gyroscopy applications in challenging environments.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, plus supplementary material. Questions and comments are welcome
A hybrid SPH/N-body method for star cluster simulations
Creators: name: Hubber, D. A.
name: Allison, R. J.
name: Smith, R.
name: Goodwin, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new hybrid Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)/N-body method for modelling the collisional stellar dynamics of young clusters in a live gas background. By deriving the equations of motion from Lagrangian mechanics we obtain a formally conservative combined SPH/N-body scheme. The SPH gas particles are integrated with a 2nd order Leapfrog, and the stars with a 4th order Hermite scheme. Our new approach is intended to bridge the divide between the detailed, but expensive, full hydrodynamical simulations of star formation, and pure N-body simulations of gas-free star clusters. We have implemented this hybrid approach in the SPH code SEREN (Hubber et al. 2011) and perform a series of simple tests to demonstrate the fidelity of the algorithm and its conservation properties. We investigate and present resolution criteria to adequately resolve the density field and to prevent strong numerical scattering effects. Future developments will include a more sophisticated treatment of binaries.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Non-strange quark stars within resummed QCD
Creators: name: Restrepo, Tulio E.
name: Providência, Constança
name: Pinto, Marcus Benghi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed resummation technique known as {\it renormalization group optimized perturbation theory} (RGOPT) is employed in the evaluation of the EoS describing non-strange cold quark matter at NLO. Inspired by recent investigations, which suggest that stable quark matter can be made only of up and down quarks, the mass-radius relation for two flavor pure quark stars is evaluated and compared with the predictions from perturbative QCD (pQCD) at NNLO. This comparison explicitly shows that by being imbued with renormalization group properties, and a variational optimization procedure, the method allows for an efficient resummation of the perturbative series. Remarkably, when the renormalization scale is chosen so as to reproduce maximum mass stars with M=$2-2.3M_\odot$, one obtains a mass-radius curve compatible with the masses and radii of the pulsars PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0030+0451, and the compact object HESS J1731-347. Moreover, the scale dependence of the EoS (and mass-radius relation) obtained with the RGOPT is greatly improved when compared to that of pQCD. This seminal application to the description of quark stars shows that the RGOPT represents a robust alternative to pQCD when describing compressed quark matter.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Question type and domain of tools measuring food literacy concepts: A scoping review
Creators: name: Riley, Michelle
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The objective of this review is to describe the question approaches (subjective vs objective) of current assessment tools measuring the four domains of food literacy (plan & manage, select, prepare, eat), including those that do not self-identify as “food literacy”. A food literacy assessment of these four domains of food literacy using objective and subjective approaches is important to accurately assess food literacy levels in populations and ongoing assessments of food literacy interventions.
Measuring the ringdown scalar polarization of gravitational waves in Einstein scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Evstafyeva, Tamara
name: Agathos, Michalis
name: Ripley, Justin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the scalar waves produced during the ringdown stage of binary black hole coalescence in Einstein scalar Gauss-Bonnet (EsGB) gravity, using numerical relativity simulations of the theory in the decoupling limit. Through a conformal coupling of the scalar field to the metric in the matter-field action, we show that the gravitational waves in this theory can have a scalar polarization. We model the scalar quasi-normal modes of the ringdown signal in EsGB gravity, and quantify the extent to which current and future gravitational wave detectors could observe the spectrum of scalar radiation emitted during the ringdown phase of binary black hole coalescence. We find that within the limits of the theory's coupling parameters set by current theoretical and observational constraints, the scalar ringdown signal from black hole remnants in the $10^1 - 10^3 \, M_{\odot}$ mass range is expected to be well below the detectability threshold with the current network of gravitational-wave detectors (LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA), but is potentially measurable with next-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope.
description: 27 pages, 19 figures, to match published version in Phys. Rev. D
Who is most likely to remain on welfare?
Creators: name: Kessinger, Sonya M
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: Recent welfare reform legislation imposes a five year limit on federal welfare benefits. This study examines earnings, family structure and race to determine their impact on the associated probabilities of remaining on welfare. Data of families that received AFDC in the first year of a two-year period is analyzed. In the second year, some of these families stopped receiving benefits while others continued on welfare. Based on characteristics from the first year, a logit model develops the probabilities of leaving welfare rolls in the second year. These characteristics include earnings, employment, the average state benefit, age, gender, marital status, children, education and race. The results of the model indicate that low earning, unemployed, unmarried women with children, in high-benefit states are least likely to leave welfare rolls. Findings on education and race show that having a college degree and being black also increase the likelihood of staying on welfare.
On the abundance of primordial bound states of superheavy magnetic monopoles
Creators: name: Gulevich, Dmitry R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that superheavy charged particles might have been born in primordial bound pairs at the end of cosmic inflation. Such pairs have been proposed as a source of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR). We show that primordial bound pairs of magnetic monopoles larger than $10^{-9}$ cm quickly thermolise due to the interaction with primordial electron-positron plasma and any such initial primordial concentration is washed out. The final concentration will therefore be defined by their equilibrium abundance.
On the measurement of $χ_2(^3P_2)$ quarkonium state in the processes $e^++e^-\to \bar p+p$ and $\bar p+p\to e^++e^-$
Creators: name: Kuraev, E. A.
name: Bystritskiy, Yu. M.
name: Bytev, V. V.
name: Tomasi-Gustafsson, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intermediate quarkonium state $χ_2(^3P_2)$ in electron-positron annihilation to proton and antiproton as well as in antiproton-proton annihilation to electron and positron can produce backward-forward asymmetry, when populated through two photon exchange. We use the dispersion relation method, which permits to express the asymmetry in terms of partial widths of quarkonium decay. The asymmetry dependence on the center of mass energy in the range near the resonance is presented. The comparison with a similar effect in these reactions with the neutral $Z$-boson in the intermediate state is given. We show that these effects are $\le 10^{-3}$. The main source of asymmetry is of pure QED origin ($\sim 10^{-2}$) which arises from the interference between initial and final state real photon emission.
Glassy low-energy spin fluctuations and anisotropy gap in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4
Creators: name: Rømer, A. T.
name: Chang, J.
name: Christensen, N. B.
name: Andersen, B. M.
name: Lefmann, K.
name: Mähler, L.
name: Gavilano, J.
name: Gilardi, R.
name: Niedermayer, Ch.
name: Rønnow, H. M.
name: Schneidewind, A.
name: Link, P.
name: Oda, M.
name: Ido, M.
name: Momono, N.
name: Mesot, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution triple-axis neutron scattering studies of the high-temperature superconductor La1.88Sr0.12CuO4 (Tc=27 K). The temperature dependence of the low-energy incommensurate magnetic fluctuations reveals distinctly glassy features. The glassiness is confirmed by the difference between the ordering temperature TN ~ Tc inferred from elastic neutron scattering and the freezing temperature Tf ~ 11 K obtained from muon spin rotation studies. The magnetic field independence of the observed excitation spectrum as well as the observation of a partial suppression of magnetic spectral weight below 0.75 meV for temperatures smaller than Tf, indicate that the stripe frozen state is capable of supporting a spin anisotropy gap, of a magnitude similar to that observed in the spin and charge stripe ordered ground state of La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. The difference between TN and Tf implies that the significant enhancement in a magnetic field of nominally elastic incommensurate scattering is caused by strictly in-elastic scattering -- at least in the temperature range between Tf and Tc -- which is not resolved in the present experiment. Combining the results obtained from our study of La1.88Sr0.12CuO4 with a critical reappraisal of published neutron scattering work on samples with chemical composition close to p=0.12, where local probes indicate a sharp maximum in Tf(p), we arrive at the view that the low-energy fluctuations are strongly dependent on composition in this regime, with anisotropy gaps dominating only sufficiently close to p=0.12 and superconducting spin gaps dominating elsewhere.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Limits of single-photon storage in a single $Λ$-type atom
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhi-Lei
name: Yang, Li-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the limits of single-photon storage in a single $Λ$-type atom, specifically the trade-off between storage efficiency and storage speed. We show that a control field can accelerate the storage process without degrading efficiency too much. However, the storage speed is ultimately limited by the total decay rate of the involved excited state. For a single-photon pulse propagating in a regular one-dimensional waveguide, the storage efficiency has an upper limit of $50 \%$. Perfect single-photon storage can be achieved by using a chiral waveguide or the Sagnac interferometry. By comparing the storage efficiencies of Fock-state and coherent-state pulses, we reveal the influence of quantum statistics of light on photon storage at the single-photon level.
description: 10 pages and 10 figures
Investigating aggregation behaviour and cognitive performance in the magnificent tree frog
Creators: name: Deering, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The magnificent tree frog (Litoria splendida) is endemic to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. We know very little about this species in the wild. Litoria splendida has been observed aggregating in crevices in their natural habitat, although this has not been quantified. The reason for this grouping behaviour is unknown, but may be for social reasons. Social grouping can lead to greater behavioural flexibility and faster rates of learning through observing conspecifics. To investigate whether L.splendida groups for social reasons, I used a matched-pairs design to first test grouping behaviour and whether grouping preference was influenced by familiarity. I also investigated their cognitive (learning) performance through a series of spatial cognition tasks in a laboratory environment. In lab-based experiments, frogs were more likely to be solitary and there was no effect of familiarity on grouping. Frogs also did poorly in the three cognitive tasks they were presented, frequently not making it past training phases. No animals reached the learning criterion and they showed very little evidence of learning. I suggest that they are neophobic, preventing them from engaging with the tasks presented. I provide an overview of tests used in frog spatial learning and link these to ecological context.
Equilibrium disks, MRI mode excitation, and steady state turbulence in global accretion disk simulations
Creators: name: Parkin, E. R.
name: Bicknell, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of turbulent accretion disks are presented which start from fully equilibrium initial conditions in which the magnetic forces are accounted for and the induction equation is satisfied. The local linear theory of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is used as a predictor of the growth of magnetic field perturbations in the global simulations. The linear growth estimates and global simulations diverge when non-linear motions - perhaps triggered by the onset of turbulence - upset the velocity perturbations used to excite the MRI. The saturated state is found to be independent of the initially excited MRI mode, showing that once the disk has expelled the initially net flux field and settled into quasi-periodic oscillations in the toroidal magnetic flux, the dynamo cycle regulates the global saturation stress level. Furthermore, time-averaged measures of converged turbulence, such as the ratio of magnetic energies, are found to be in agreement with previous works. In particular, the globally averaged stress normalized to the gas pressure, = 0.034, with notably higher values achieved for simulations with higher azimuthal resolution. Supplementary tests are performed using different numerical algorithms and resolutions. Convergence with resolution during the initial linear MRI growth phase is found for 23-35 cells per scaleheight (in the vertical direction).
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, accepted for ApJ