cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Correlations and energy in mediated dynamics
Creators: name: Krisnanda, Tanjung
name: Lee, Su-Yong
name: Noh, Changsuk
name: Kim, Jaewan
name: Streltsov, Alexander
name: Liew, Timothy C. H.
name: Paterek, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimum time required for a quantum system to evolve to a distinguishable state is set by the quantum speed limit, and consequently influences the change of quantum correlations and other physical properties. Here we study the time required to maximally entangle two principal systems interacting either directly or via a mediating ancillary system, under the same energy constraints. The direct interactions are proved to provide the fastest way to entangle the principal systems, but it turns out that there exist mediated dynamics that are just as fast. We show that this can only happen if the mediator is initially correlated with the principal systems. These correlations can be fully classical and can remain classical during the entangling process. The final message is that correlations save energy: one has to supply extra energy if maximal entanglement across the principal systems is to be obtained as fast as with an initially correlated mediator.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Gluon Propagator in Fractional Analytic Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Allendes, Pedro
name: Ayala, Cesar
name: Cvetič, Gorazd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the gluon propagator in the Landau gauge at low spacelike momenta and with the dressing function $Z(Q^2)$ at the two-loop order. We incorporate the nonperturbative effects by making the (noninteger) powers of the QCD coupling in the dressing function $Z(Q^2)$ analytic (holomorphic) via the Fractional Analytic Perturbation Theory (FAPT) model, and simultaneously introducing the gluon dynamical mass in the propagator as motivated by the previous analyses of the Dyson-Schwinger equations. The obtained propagator has behavior compatible with the unquenched lattice data ($N_f=2+1$) at low spacelike momenta $0.4 \ {\rm GeV} < Q \lesssim 10$ GeV. We conclude that the removal of the unphysical Landau singularities of the powers of the coupling via the (F)APT prescription, in conjunction with the introduction of the dynamical mass $M \approx 0.62$ GeV of the gluon, leads to an acceptable behavior of the propagator in the infrared regime.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Second cohomology of Lie rings and the Schur multiplier
Creators: name: Horn, Max
name: Zandi, Seiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B56 (Primary), 20F40, 20D15 (Secondary)

description: We exhibit an explicit construction for the second cohomology group $H^2(L, A)$ for a Lie ring $L$ and a trivial $L$-module $A$. We show how the elements of $H^2(L, A)$ correspond one-to-one to the equivalence classes of central extensions of $L$ by $A$, where $A$ now is considered as an abelian Lie ring. For a finite Lie ring $L$ we also show that $H^2(L, \C^*) \cong M(L)$, where $M(L)$ denotes the Schur multiplier of $L$. These results match precisely the analogue situation in group theory.
description: 12 pages; to appear in Intl. J. Group Theory
Excitonic instabilities and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking on the honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Liu, Wei
name: Punnoose, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate the close relationship between spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking and the physics of excitonic instabilities in strongly correlated multiband systems. The underlying mechanism responsible for the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in a many-body system is closely related to the Cooper-like pairing instability of interband particle-hole pairs involving higher order symmetries. Studies of such pairing instabilites have, however, mainly focused on the mean-field aspects of the virtual exciton condensate, which ignores the presence of the underlying collective Fermi liquid excitations. We show that this relationship can be exploited to systematically derive the coupling of the condensate order-parameter to the intraband Fermi liquid particle-hole excitations. Surprisingly, we find that the static susceptibility is negative in the ordered phase when the coupling to the Fermi liquid collective excitations are included, suggesting that a uniform condensate of virtual excitons, with or without time reversal breaking, is an unstable phase at T=0.
Distinguishing between lepton number violating scalars at the LHC
Creators: name: del Aguila, Francisco
name: Chala, Mikael
name: Santamaria, Arcadi
name: Wudka, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalars with lepton number violating interactions decaying into lepton pairs, as those mediating the see-saw of type II, always include doubly-charged components. If these are observed at the LHC, their electro-weak quantum numbers can be determined through their leptonic decays in pair and single production.
description: Contribution to LHCP 2013, to appear in the Proceedings
Additional file 2 of Decoding semi-automated title-abstract screening: findings from a convenience sample of reviews
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Gates, Michelle
name: DaRosa, Daniel
name: Elliott, Sarah A.
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Rahman, Sholeh
name: Vandermeer, Ben
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Sources searched for each review. This table shows the sources searched for each review included in this study.
Additional file 3 of The Epidome - a species-specific approach to assess the population structure and heterogeneity of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization and infection
Creators: name: Rendboe, Amalie Katrine
name: Johannesen, Thor Bech
name: Ingham, Anna Cäcilia
name: Emeli Månsson
name: Iversen, Søren
name: Sharmin Baig
name: Edslev, Sofie
name: Jensen, Jørgen Skov
name: Söderquist, Bo
name: Paal Skytt Andersen
name: Stegger, Marc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Figure 3. Beta-diversity of the Staphylococcus epidermidis population across sample sites. Principal component analysis depicting the beta-diversity across all primary samples from skin and nares indicate overlapping populations highlighting samples sites compared to Fig. 4b.
Stripping of nitrogen-rich AGB ejecta from interacting dwarf irregular galaxies
Creators: name: Tsujimoto, Takuji
name: Bekki, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrrs) including the Magellanic Clouds in the local Universe, in many cases, exhibit an unusually low N/O abundance ratio (log N/O ~ -1.5) in H II regions as compared with the solar value (~-0.9). This ratio is broadly equivalent to the average level of extremely metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo, suggesting that N released from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is missing in the present-day interstellar matter of these dIrrs. We find evidence for past tidal interactions in the properties of individual dIrrs exhibiting low N/O ratios, while a clear signature of interactions is unseen for dIrrs with high N/O ratios. Accordingly, we propose that the ejecta of massive AGB stars that correspond to a major production site of N can be stripped from dIrrs that have undergone a strong interaction with a luminous galaxy. The physical process of its stripping is made up of two stages: (i) the ejecta of massive AGB stars in a dIrr are first merged with those of the bursting prompt SNe Ia and pushed up together to the galaxy halo, and (ii) subsequently through tidal interactions with a luminous galaxy, these ejecta are stripped from a dwarf galaxy's potential well. Our new chemical evolution models with stripping of AGB ejecta succeed in reproducing the observed low N/O ratio. Furthermore, we perform N-body + hydrodynamical simulations to trace the fate of AGB ejecta inside a dIrr orbiting the Milky Way, and confirm that a tidal interaction is responsible for the efficient stripping of AGB ejecta from dIrrs.
description: 11 pages including 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
THE APPLICATION OF WAITING LINES SYSTEM IN IMPROVING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CASE OF KIFIYA FINANCIAL TECH PLC – LEHULU
Creators: name: ASEFA DEMELIE AREGA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: This study had the aim of assessing the application of waiting lines system in improving customer satisfaction by taking sample Lehulu branches of Kifiya Financials Tech Plc. The study had determined the average arrival rates, the average queue time and average time of service per customer for Lehulu centers (4 sample branches taken namely Arat Kilo, Kazanchis, Addisu Gebeya & Lebu) and besides this, it assessed the impact of psychological aspects of waiting on overall customer satisfaction. The methodologies used for data collection were site observation, in which structured observation check lists were used, a pre-tested/ adopted questionnaire and scheduled interview questions. For the site observation an entire customers randomly visiting the centers within the sampled timeintervals have been accounted for data collection and accordingly 1451 customers queue were considered. A sample of 659 customers was taken for the data collected through the questionnaire to assess customers’ levels of satisfaction towards the queue variables. The queue variables used under the study were perceived waiting time, information provided, the waiting environment and the queue discipline. The response rate of the questionnaire was 572 (86.8%). 30 questionnaires were distributed during pilot test period to conduct different validity tests.
The Cosmic BPT Diagram: Confronting Theory with Observations
Creators: name: Kewley, Lisa J.
name: Maier, Christian
name: Yabe, Kiyoto
name: Ohta, Kouji
name: Akiyama, Masayuki
name: Dopita, Michael A.
name: Yuan, Tiantian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare a large sample of galaxies between 0.51.5) are consistent with a model in which the ISM conditions are more extreme at high redshift than seen in the global spectra of local galaxies. We speculate that global spectra of our high redshift galaxies may be dominated by HII regions similar to the extreme clumpy, dense star-forming complexes in the Antennae and M82. The transition to local-type conditions occurs between 0.8 1.5). We use our theoretical models to derive a new redshift-dependent classification line that utilizes the standard optical diagnostic line ratios [OIII]/H-beta and [NII]/H-alpha. Our new line can be used to separate star-forming galaxies from AGN between z=0 to z~3.5. We anticipate that our redshift-dependent optical classification line will be useful for future large surveys with near-infrared multi-object spectrographs. We apply our classification line to a sample of gravitationally lensed galaxies at z~2.5. Although limited by small numbers, we show that our classification line is consistent with the position of AGN that have been independently confirmed via other methods.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Termination control of electronic phases in oxide thin films and interfaces: LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001)
Creators: name: Pentcheva, R.
name: Arras, R.
name: Otte, K.
name: Ruiz, V. G.
name: Pickett, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wealth of intriguing properties emerge in the seemingly simple system composed of the band insulators LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 such as a two-dimensional electron gas, superconductivity and magnetism. In this paper we review the current insight obtained from first principles calculations on the mechanisms governing the behavior of thin LaAlO3 films on SrTiO3(001). In particular, we explore the strong dependence of the electronic properties on the surface and interface termination, the finite film thickness, lattice polarization and defects. A further aspect that is addressed is how the electronic behavior and functionality can be tuned by a SrTiO3 capping layer, adsorbates and metallic contacts. Lastly, we discuss recent reports on the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in this system for what they might imply about the electronic structure of this system.
description: One contribution of 10 to a Discussion Meeting Issue "The new science of oxide interfaces"
Accidental Inflation from Kähler Uplifting
Creators: name: Ben-Dayan, Ido
name: Jing, Shenglin
name: Westphal, Alexander
name: Wieck, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the possibility of realizing inflation with a subsequent dS vacuum in the Kähler uplifting scenario. The inclusion of several quantum corrections to the 4d effective action evades previous no-go theorems and allows for construction of simple and successful models of string inflation. The predictions of several benchmark models are in accord with current observations, i.e., a red spectral index, negligible non-gaussianity, and spectral distortions similar to the simplest models of inflation. A particularly interesting subclass of models are "left-rolling" ones, where the overall volume of the compactified dimensions shrinks during inflation. We call this phenomenon "inflation by deflation" (IBD), where deflation refers to the internal manifold. This subclass has the appealing features of being insensitive to initial conditions, avoiding the overshooting problem, and allowing for observable running $α$ ~ 0.012 and enhanced tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ ~ $10^{-5}$. The latter results differ significantly from many string inflation models.
description: LaTeX, 1+18 pages, 6 figures
Integrated photonic building blocks for next-generation astronomical instrumentation II: the multimode to single mode transition
Creators: name: Spaleniak, Izabela
name: Jovanovic, Nemanja
name: Gross, Simon
name: Ireland, Michael J.
name: Lawrence, Jon S.
name: Withford, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are numerous advantages to exploiting diffraction-limited instrumentation at astronomical observatories, which include smaller footprints, less mechanical and thermal instabilities and high levels of performance. To realize such instrumentation it is imperative to convert the atmospheric seeing-limited signal that is captured by the telescope into a diffraction-limited signal. This process can be achieved photonically by using a mode reformatting device known as a photonic lantern that performs a multimode to single-mode transition. With the aim of developing an optimized integrated photonic lantern, we undertook a systematic parameter scan of devices fabricated by the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. The devices were designed for operation around 1.55 μm. The devices showed (coupling and transition) losses of less than 5% for F/# $\geq$ 12 injection and the total device throughput (including substrate absorption) as high as 75-80%. Such devices show great promise for future use in astronomy.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of The Epidome - a species-specific approach to assess the population structure and heterogeneity of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization and infection
Creators: name: Rendboe, Amalie Katrine
name: Johannesen, Thor Bech
name: Ingham, Anna Cäcilia
name: Emeli Månsson
name: Iversen, Søren
name: Sharmin Baig
name: Edslev, Sofie
name: Jensen, Jørgen Skov
name: Söderquist, Bo
name: Paal Skytt Andersen
name: Stegger, Marc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Figure 1. Read counts after trimming and chimera filtering of the g216 and yych gene targets across all analyzed primary samples. The analyses revealed a higher level of yycH read counts compared to g216, however with an overall even distribution of across all samples.
Light Sea Fermions in Electron-Proton and Muon-Proton Interactions
Creators: name: Jentschura, U. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proton radius conundrum [R. Pohl et al., Nature vol.466, p.213 (2010) and A. Antognini et al., Science vol.339, p.417 (2013)] highlights the need to revisit any conceivable sources of electron-muon nonuniversality in lepton-proton interactions within the Standard Model. Superficially, a number of perturbative processes could appear to lead to such a nonunversality. One of these is a coupling of the scattered electron into an electronic as opposed to a muonic vacuum polarization loop in the photon exchange of two valence quarks, which is present only for electron projectiles as opposed to muon projectiles. However, we can show that this effect actually is part of the radiative correction to the proton's polarizability contribution to the Lamb shift, equivalent to a radiative correction to double scattering. We conclude that any conceivable genuine nonuniversality must be connected with a nonperturbative feature of the proton's structure, e.g., with the possible presence of light sea fermions as constituent components of the proton. If we assume an average of roughly 0.7*10^(-7) light sea positrons per valence quark, then we can show that virtual electron-positron annihiliation processes lead to an extra term in the electron-proton versus muon-proton interaction, which has the right sign and magnitude to explain the proton radius discrepancy.
description: 6 pages; RevTeX; published in Physical Review A in 2013; as compare to the journal version, we have added a note at the end of the paper which pertains to the (new) Ref. [42]; otherwise unchanged
CLONeR: Camera-Lidar Fusion for Occupancy Grid-aided Neural Representations
Creators: name: Carlson, Alexandra
name: Ramanagopal, Manikandasriram Srinivasan
name: Tseng, Nathan
name: Johnson-Roberson, Matthew
name: Vasudevan, Ram
name: Skinner, Katherine A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in neural radiance fields (NeRFs) achieve state-of-the-art novel view synthesis and facilitate dense estimation of scene properties. However, NeRFs often fail for large, unbounded scenes that are captured under very sparse views with the scene content concentrated far away from the camera, as is typical for field robotics applications. In particular, NeRF-style algorithms perform poorly: (1) when there are insufficient views with little pose diversity, (2) when scenes contain saturation and shadows, and (3) when finely sampling large unbounded scenes with fine structures becomes computationally intensive. This paper proposes CLONeR, which significantly improves upon NeRF by allowing it to model large outdoor driving scenes that are observed from sparse input sensor views. This is achieved by decoupling occupancy and color learning within the NeRF framework into separate Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) trained using LiDAR and camera data, respectively. In addition, this paper proposes a novel method to build differentiable 3D Occupancy Grid Maps (OGM) alongside the NeRF model, and leverage this occupancy grid for improved sampling of points along a ray for volumetric rendering in metric space. Through extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on scenes from the KITTI dataset, this paper demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art NeRF models on both novel view synthesis and dense depth prediction tasks when trained on sparse input data.
description: first two authors equally contributed
Macroeconomic Perspectives on Productivity
Creators: name: Chadha J., S.
name: Samiri, I.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2024
Subjects: Productivity
Macroeconomics
Real Interest Rates
Investment

description: We investigate UK labour productivity over the long run, comparing it to other advanced economies and focus on the sharp slowdown since the global financial crisis. Using a growth accounting framework, we find a dominant role for total factor productivity (TFP), but it turns out that capital shallowing is also important. Two macroeconomic trends deepen the puzzle of this slowdown. There has been a decline in real interest rates over the past 30 years and an increase in labour supply since 2008, both of which ought to have increased investment. And yet, the ratio of (nominal) private and public investment to GDP has fallen over time. We go on to examine the UK’s productivity performance through the lens of standard neoclassical models and reconsider the secular stagnation debate in the UK context. Finally, we survey several explanations from recent economic literature for the poor performance of investment.
Embodied social interaction constitutes social cognition in pairs of humans: A minimalist virtual reality experiment
Creators: name: Froese, Tom
name: Iizuka, Hiroyuki
name: Ikegami, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.1; H.5.2; H.5.3
subject: 91B99

description: Scientists have traditionally limited the mechanisms of social cognition to one brain, but recent approaches claim that interaction also realizes cognitive work. Experiments under constrained virtual settings revealed that interaction dynamics implicitly guide social cognition. Here we show that embodied social interaction can be constitutive of agency detection and of experiencing another`s presence. Pairs of participants moved their "avatars" along an invisible virtual line and could make haptic contact with three identical objects, two of which embodied the other`s motions, but only one, the other`s avatar, also embodied the other`s contact sensor and thereby enabled responsive interaction. Co-regulated interactions were significantly correlated with identifications of the other`s avatar and reports of the clearest awareness of the other`s presence. These results challenge folk psychological notions about the boundaries of mind, but make sense from evolutionary and developmental perspectives: an extendible mind can offload cognitive work into its environment.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
International Risk Sharing and Wealth Allocation with Higher Order Cumulants
Creators: name: Corsetti, G.
name: Lipińska, A.
name: Lombardo, G.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2024
Subjects: Asymmetries in Risk
Tail Risk
Gains from Risk Sharing
Terms of Trade
Consumption Smoothing
Wealth Transfers

description: We study how risk sharing affects the macroeconomic allocation, asset prices and welfare. Employing perturbation and global methods, we characterize a global (multi-country) equilibrium in terms of asymmetries in higher-order moments of non-Gaussian shocks and country size. Financial integration has consumption smoothing and wealth level effects. Wealth effects emerge through the revaluation of a country assets and terms of trade— benefiting safer and/or smaller economies. Riskier countries enjoy smoother consumption, but at the expense of lower relative wealth. Although riskier countries gain more, safety command a welfare and financial premium, with welfare differences being near-linear in relative asset prices.
Frederick Robert Whatley - Bibliography from FREDERICK ROBERT WHATLEY. 26 January 1924 — 14 November 2020
Creators: name: John, Philip
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry

description: Frederick Robert (Bob) Whatley was a plant biochemist who made fundamental discoveries that form the basis of our present textbook understanding of photosynthesis, the process by which green plants harness the energy of sunlight to incorporate atmospheric carbon dioxide, and upon which all life on Earth depends. Bob was born in Wiltshire and graduated from the University of Cambridge with a first class degree in biochemistry and a PhD supervised by Robin Hill FRS. He brought biochemical expertise and insight to a small team under the leadership of Daniel Arnon at the University of California at Berkeley, which, in the decade from 1953, discovered that chloroplasts were capable of conserving light energy as adenosine triphosphate by what the Berkeley group named photosynthetic phosphorylation. The Berkeley group also defined the role of the enzyme cofactor NADP+. By demonstrating that isolated chloroplasts were capable of the complete process of light-driven carbon dioxide fixation, they revolutionized the contemporary conception of the process, and provided a solid basis for subsequent research. In the 1960s Bob Whatley contributed to identifying the important role of the key protein, ferredoxin, in photosynthesis, and he established an important centre for photosynthesis research at King's College London. In the 1970s and 1980s as Sherardian professor of botany at Oxford he advanced several areas of biochemical research. Bob Whatley was a meticulous experimenter and clear thinker. He had a gentle manner and, for all his scientific achievements, Bob possessed an inherent modesty.
Stabilizing Cloud Feedback Dramatically Expands the Habitable Zone of Tidally Locked Planets
Creators: name: Yang, Jun
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
name: Abbot, Dorian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The habitable zone (HZ) is the circumstellar region where a planet can sustain surface liquid water. Searching for terrestrial planets in the HZ of nearby stars is the stated goal of ongoing and planned extrasolar planet surveys. Previous estimates of the inner edge of the HZ were based on one-dimensional radiative-convective models. The most serious limitation of these models is the inability to predict cloud behavior. Here we use global climate models with sophisticated cloud schemes to show that due to a stabilizing cloud feedback, tidally locked planets can be habitable at twice the stellar flux found by previous studies. This dramatically expands the HZ and roughly doubles the frequency of habitable planets orbiting red dwarf stars. At high stellar flux, strong convection produces thick water clouds near the substellar location that greatly increase the planetary albedo and reduce surface temperatures. Higher insolation produces stronger substellar convection and therefore higher albedo, making this phenomenon a stabilizing climate feedback. Substellar clouds also effectively block outgoing radiation from the surface, reducing or even completely reversing the thermal emission contrast between dayside and nightside. The presence of substellar water clouds and the resulting clement surface conditions will therefore be detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 online table
Engle-Granger Representation in Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Models
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, A.
name: Ditzen, J.,
name: Holly, S.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2024
Subjects: Spatio-temporal dynamics
Error Correction Models
Weak and strong cross sectional dependence
US house prices
Spatial Weight matrices
Common Correlated Effects Estimator

description: The literature on panel models has made considerable progress in the last few decades, integrating non-stationary data both in the time and spatial domain. However, there remains a gap in the literature that simultaneously models non-stationarity and cointegration in both the time and spatial dimensions. This paper develops Granger representation theorems for spatial and spatio-temporal dynamics. In a panel setting, this provides a way to represent both spatial and temporal equilibria and dynamics as error correction models. This requires potentially two different processes for modelling spatial (or network) dynamics, both of which can be expressed in terms of spatial weights matrices. The first captures strong cross-sectional dependence, so that a spatial difference, suitably defined, is weakly cross-section dependent (granular) but can be nonstationary. The second is a conventional weights matrix that captures short-run spatio-temporal dynamics as stationary and granular processes. In large samples, cross-section averages serve the first purpose and we propose the mean group, common correlated effects estimator together with multiple testing of cross-correlations to provide the short-run spatial weights. We apply this model to house prices in the 375 MSAs of the US. We show that our approach is useful for capturing both weak and strong cross-section dependence, and partial adjustment to two long-run equilibrium relationships in terms of time and space.
Temperature-dependent exchange bias properties of polycrystalline PtxCo1-x/CoO bilayers
Creators: name: Demirci, Erdem
name: Öztürk, Mustafa
name: Sınır, Ekrem
name: Ulucan, Utku
name: Akdoğan, Numan
name: Öztürk, Osman
name: Erkovan, Mustafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temperature and PtCo composition dependence of exchange bias in PtxCo1-x/CoO bilayers is investigated. It is observed that exchange bias properties, blocking temperature and magnetic anisotropy of the PtxCo1-x/CoO thin films are strongly affected by the concentration of Pt at the common interface. A detailed structural analysis of antiferromagnetic CoO has been done by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS data revealed that CoO layer grows with non-stoichiometric behavior which results in other cobalt oxide phases and thus lowers blocking temperature for the exchange biased systems. Increase of Pt concentration in PtCo layer strengths the exchange bias and thus decreases training of the system. It also results in enhancement of growth-induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and onset of exchange bias at higher temperatures. The role of Pt concentration on the interfacial interactions between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers, and the effect of superstoichiometric CoO on blocking temperature are also discussed.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Hidden Threshold Models with applications to asymmetric cycles
Creators: name: Harvey, A.
name: Simons, J.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2024
Subjects: Conditionally Gaussian state space model
Kalman filter
nonlinear time series model
regimes
smooth transition autoregressive model
unobserved components

description: Threshold models are set up so that there is a switch between regimes for the parameters of an unobserved components model. When Gaussianity is assumed, the model is handled by the Kalman filter. The switching depends on a component crossing a boundary, and, because the component is not observed directly, the error in its estimation leads naturally to a smooth transition mechanism. A prominent example motivating thresholds is that of a cyclical time series characterized by a downturn that is more, or less, rapid than the upturn. The situation is illustrated by fitting a model with three potentially asymmetric cycles, each with its own threshold, to observations on ice volume in Antarctica since 799,000 BCE. The model is able to produce multi-step forecasts with associated prediction intervals. A second example shows how a hidden threshold model is able to deal with the asymmetric cycle in monthly US unemployment.
Additional file 1 of Decoding semi-automated title-abstract screening: findings from a convenience sample of reviews
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Gates, Michelle
name: DaRosa, Daniel
name: Elliott, Sarah A.
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Rahman, Sholeh
name: Vandermeer, Ben
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Scoping searches. Details of the scoping searches.
Trimmed Sampling Algorithm for the Noisy Generalized Eigenvalue Problem
Creators: name: Hicks, Caleb
name: Lee, Dean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solving the generalized eigenvalue problem is a useful method for finding energy eigenstates of large quantum systems. It uses projection onto a set of basis states which are typically not orthogonal. One needs to invert a matrix whose entries are inner products of the basis states, and the process is unfortunately susceptible to even small errors. The problem is especially bad when matrix elements are evaluated using stochastic methods and have significant error bars. In this work, we introduce the trimmed sampling algorithm in order to solve this problem. Using the framework of Bayesian inference, we sample prior probability distributions determined by uncertainty estimates of the various matrix elements and likelihood functions composed of physics-informed constraints. The result is a probability distribution for the eigenvectors and observables which automatically comes with a reliable estimate of the error and performs far better than standard regularization methods. The method should have immediate use for a wide range of applications involving classical and quantum computing calculations of large quantum systems.
description: Final version to appear in Physical Review Research. 6 pages and 3 figures (main), 5 pages and 8 pages (supplemental)
Jumps Versus Bursts: Dissection and Origins via a New Endogenous Thresholding Approach
Creators: name: Zhao, X.
name: Hong, S. Y.
name: Linton, O. B.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2014
Subjects: Price Jumps
Volatility Bursts
Market Microstructure Noise
Endogenous Sampling
High-Frequency Trading
News Sentiment

description: We study the different origins of two closely related extreme financial risk factors: volatility bursts and price jumps. We propose a new method to separate these quantities from ultra-high-frequency data via a novel endogenous thresholding approach in the presence of market microstructure noise and staleness. Our daily jump statistic proxies volatility bursts when intraday jumps are accurately controlled by our local jump test (which proves to be highly powerful with extremely low misclassification rates due to its timely detections). We find that news is more related to volatility bursts; while high-frequency trading variables, especially volume and bid/ask spread, are prominent signals for price jumps.
Additional file 4 of Decoding semi-automated title-abstract screening: findings from a convenience sample of reviews
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Gates, Michelle
name: DaRosa, Daniel
name: Elliott, Sarah A.
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Rahman, Sholeh
name: Vandermeer, Ben
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Missed studies for systematic reviews with meta-analyses. This table shows the studies that were classified as irrelevant via our semi-automated screening approach, yet were included in the meta-analyses in the included systematic reviews.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ WELL-BEING AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Osadare, Samuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Students’ well-being is considered an important factor in learning and academic performance while at the same time vulnerable to any unfavourable situations or external influencing elements that may make or mar it. Considering the endemic nature of the COVID-19 and the overwhelming associated social restrictions measures, students’ well-being may have been impacted during the pandemic period. Thus, this study aims to examine the current literature addressing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students, particularly focusing on students’ well-being and academic performance, answering to the following research questions: what are the variables that shape students' well-being specifically in the current education literature discussing COVID-19? What are the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the university students’ well-being? The methodology used to approach this topic was a Systematic Literature Review. For the review, I used eight databases as data source: Scopus, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, PubMed Central, OECD iLibrary, ERIC – Education Resources Information Centre, and ScienceDirect as well as Tampere University online library (Andor database). The titles, abstracts and full articles were screened using Rayyan software to extract data. Twenty-eight studies with a sample size of 50,236 students met inclusion criteria and were finally assessed. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) scale was used as a quality appraisal tool for the risk of bias assessment of the selected studies. The results indicated university students suffered from the social isolation and other disruptions in the study routine resulting on lower levels of well-being and poor academic performance. The social isolation and disruptions in study routine caused negative physical, affective, cognitive, economic and social transformations. I recommend enhancing emotional intelligence among educational stakeholders to enable them respond to students’ probable post-COVID-19 needs conscientiously.
Additional file 3 of Decoding semi-automated title-abstract screening: findings from a convenience sample of reviews
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Gates, Michelle
name: DaRosa, Daniel
name: Elliott, Sarah A.
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Rahman, Sholeh
name: Vandermeer, Ben
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Risk of bias categorization by quality score. This table shows how we categorized risk of bias for studies that measured methodological quality via a variety of different tools.
Magnetic interactions in the Martensitic phase of Mn rich Ni-Mn-In shape memory alloys
Creators: name: Lobo, D. N.
name: Dwivedi, Sandhya
name: daSilva, C. A.
name: Moreno, N. O.
name: Priolkar, K. R.
name: Nigam, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of Mn$_{2}$Ni$_{(1+x)}$In$_{(1-x)}$ ($x$ = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) and Mn$_{(2-y)}$Ni$_{(1.6+y)}$In$_{0.4}$ ($y$ = -0.08, -0.04, 0.04, 0.08) shape memory alloys have been studied. Magnetic interactions in the martensitic phase of these alloys are found to be quite similar to those in Ni$_2$Mn$_{(1+x)}$In$_{(1-x)}$ type alloys. Doping of Ni for In not only induces martensitic instability in Mn$_2$NiIn type alloys but also affects magnetic properties due to a site occupancy disorder. Excess Ni preferentially occupies X sites forcing Mn to the Z sites of X$_2$YZ Heusler composition resulting in a transition from ferromagnetic ground state to a state dominated by ferromagnetic Mn(Y) - Mn(Y) and antiferromagnetic Mn(Y)-Mn(Z) interactions. These changes in magnetic ground state manifest themselves in observation of exchange bias effect even in zero field cooled condition and virgin magnetization curve lying outside the hysteresis loop.
description: Accepted in J. Appl. Phys
Neutral current interactions of low-energy neutrinos in dense neutron matter
Creators: name: Lovato, Alessandro
name: Benhar, Omar
name: Gandolfi, Stefano
name: Losa, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a calculation of the response of cold neutron matter to neutral-current interactions with low energy neutrinos, carried out using an effective interaction and effective operators consistently derived within the formalism of Correlated Basis Functions. The neutrino mean free path obtained from the calculated responses turns out to be strongly affected by both short and long range correlations, leading to a sizable increase with respect to the prediction of the Fermi gas model. The consistency between the proposed approach and Landau theory of normal Fermi liquids also has been investigated, using a set of Landau parameters obtained from the matrix elements of the effective interaction.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Religion, Population and the Environment
Creators: name: Iyer, S.
name: Iljina, K.
name: Shastry, K.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics of Religion
Fertility
Environment
Climate
Development

description: This paper examines the intersection of religion, population dynamics, and environmental sustainability, advocating for a more integrated approach to these relationships. While prior research has explored the links between religion and demography, as well as religion and the environment, this study argues that the combined influence of religious beliefs on both population trends and environmental outcomes is essential to addressing societal and ecological challenges. By analysing ethical imperatives and community structures within various religious traditions, the paper demonstrates how religious institutions can contribute to sustainable population management and resource preservation. The study calls for expanded research into the complex interplay between religion, demographic trends, and environmental attitudes, particularly in underexplored regions and religious contexts. Drawing from bibliometric analysis, we highlight the need to move beyond Christianity and Western perspectives, embracing global viewpoints to better understand how diverse religious beliefs influence these outcomes. It stresses the importance of focusing on developing countries, where rapid population growth and environmental challenges are most pressing. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive data sets and integrated policy frameworks that incorporate religious factors in demographic and environmental decision-making, to strengthen international cooperation and sustainability efforts.
Additional file 1 of Knowledge of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among dental surgeons of Nepal: a nationwide study
Creators: name: Sah, Mukesh Kumar
name: Singh, Abanish
name: Sangroula, Raj Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire.
Additional file 5 of Decoding semi-automated title-abstract screening: findings from a convenience sample of reviews
Creators: name: Gates, Allison
name: Gates, Michelle
name: DaRosa, Daniel
name: Elliott, Sarah A.
name: Pillay, Jennifer
name: Rahman, Sholeh
name: Vandermeer, Ben
name: Hartling, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Impact of the missed study on the results of relevant meta-analyses in the Antipsychotics systematic review. This table shows the pooled effect estimates for relevant meta-analyses with and without the study by McCracken et al. (2002), which was incorrectly classified as irrelevant via our semi-automated screening approach.
Default, Inflation Expectations, and the Currency Denomination of Sovereign Bonds
Creators: name: Maeng, F. S.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sovereign Default
Inflation
Currency Denomination
New Keynesian Theory

description: The share of debt denominated in domestic national currency issued by emerging economies has been rising sharply over time—progress away from the “original sin” of invoicing sovereign debt in foreign currencies. Yet this progress has been partial and subject to fluctuations. This paper develops a New Keynesian model with sovereign default where the government can manipulate expected inflation through debt issuance and default policies. High levels of national currency debt incentivize governments to reduce debt repayment by escalating (expected) inflation. Governments tilt the currency denomination of debt towards foreign currency to avoid distortions from escalating (expected) inflation, at the cost of giving up hedging consumption fluctuations of national currency debt. The model highlights default risk as a key factor driving a higher share of debt in foreign currency when expected inflation rises—a pattern observed in inflation-targeting emerging economies. Quantitatively, default risk explains up to 37 percentage points of the share of debt in foreign currency. Optimal debt management contains inflation, default frequency, and spreads.
The Second Order Spectrum and Optimal Convergence
Creators: name: Strauss, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A75, 47B15

description: The method of second order relative spectra has been shown to reliably approximate the discrete spectrum for a self-adjoint operator. We extend the method to normal operators and find optimal convergence rates for eigenvalues and eigenspaces. The convergence to eigenspaces is new, while the convergence rate for eigenvalues improves on the previous estimate by an order of magnitude.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
IC MAGE Model 03 – strain-hardening/softening Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion with transversely isotropic small strain stiffness
Creators: name: Taborda, David M G
name: Kontoe, Stavroula
name: Tsiampousi, Aikaterini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geotechnical Analysis
Finite Element Analysis
Constitutive Modelling
Geotechnical Engineering
Small-strain Stiffness
Transverse isotropy

description: IC MAGE M03 is a user-defined model for PLAXIS built using the IC MAGE UMIP framework which combines a strain-hardening/softening Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion based on the deviatoric plastic strain with the IC.G3S transversely isotropic small strain stiffness model. It allows for the generation of hysteresis (and energy dissipation) by adopting a cyclic nonlinear elastic framework.