Quadrastichus lasallei Gates &amp; Chao &amp; Lin &amp; Yang 2020, sp. n.
Creators: name: Gates, Michael W.
name: Chao, Yi-Min
name: Lin, Sheng-Feng
name: Yang, Man-Miao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Quadrastichus
Quadrastichus lasallei

description: <i>Quadrastichus lasallei</i>, sp. n. (Figs 1, 2) <i>Female holotype</i> Length: 3.0 mm. Colour: Head, body, and legs pale yellow, flagellomeres light brown with pale yellow, especially apically (Figure 1 (b)). Fore wing hyaline, venation yellow. Head, in frontal view (Figure 2 (a)), 1.4 X as broad as high, 1.5 X as broad as frontovertex at its narrowest; malar space 0.8 X as long as an eye, the sulcus curved, without a triangular fovea beneath the eye; POL 1.1 X OOL, OOL 2.8 X OD; mandible bidentate with a truncation; head finely setose, eyes sparsely setose, setae short, ~1 ommatidial diameter (Figure 2 (a)); lower margins of toruli approximately one torulus diameter below lower eye margins; clypeus shallowly emarginate (Figure 2 (a)). Antenna (Figure 2 (d–h)) with scape 5.2 X as long as broad, a little shorter than the height of eye, almost reaching vertex; pedicel approximately 2.5 X as long as broad, 1.5 X as long as basal funicle segment; one transverse anellus present; funicle threesegmented, segments about equal in size, or progressively decreasing a little in size, F1 3.3 X, F2 3.8 X, F3 3.8 X as long as broad; clava 5.0 X as long as broad; apical spine short, distinctly shorter than apical segment (Figure 2 (h)); sensilla sparse, flagellum rather sparsely setose (Figure 2 (g–h)). Mesosoma (Figure 2 (b–c)) 1.7 X as long as broad; mesoscutum in profile gently convex dorsally, in dorsal view gently rounded laterally; mesoscutal midlobe just longer than broad, with trace of median line posteromedially (difficult to see without high magnification), with 1 adnotaular seta at each side in posterior third; mesoscutum with very fine lineate sculpture; scutellum convex in profile, 1.5 X broader than long with sublateral and submedian lines (difficult to see without high magnification); sculpture much as in mesoscutum; scutellum with 2 pairs of setae; dorsellum convex, smooth, medially about as long as propodeum; propodeum with median carina indistinct, with curved spiracular sulcus mesad reminiscent of paraspiracular carina, with very fine reticulate sculpture; spiracles less than their own diameter from anterior propodeal margin (Figure 2 (c)); calli each with 2 setae. Fore wing (Figure 1 (b)) 2.2 X as long as broad; costal cell 16 X as long as broad, 0.8 X length marginal vein, asetose; submarginal vein with 1 dorsal seta; marginal vein 5.7 X as long as stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein not apparent; subcubital line of setae extending basally as far as basal setal line, closing speculum posteriorly; longest marginal cilia (at the apex of marginal vein) about 0.6 X as long as longest setae on marginal. Metasoma 1.2 X longer than mesosoma, somewhat circular in dorsal view, just longer than broad, broadly rounded apically; epipygium 1.6 X as long as broad; hypopygium reaching to about half the length of gaster; ovipositor sheaths short hardly protruding apically; one cercal seta twice length others and kinked. <i>Male</i> Length: 1.9 mm. Colour: much as in female except following brown: vertex; pronotum dorsally, mesoscutum in anterior half, except along notauli; dorsellum, propodeum, metapleuron, gastral terga 3–8. Differing structurally from the female mainly in the antenna (Figure 2 (d–f)): scape with a linear ventral plaque, placed in apical half and extending from near apex to beyond mid length of scape (Figure 2 (f)); a single anellus present; funicle four-segmented, F1 1.0 X F2 2.0 X, F3 2.7 X, F4 2.8X as long as broad, each broadest basally and narrowing apically; clava 5.0 X as long as broad; flagellum sparsely setose, the setae on funicle segments fairly long, slightly curved, basal dorsal whorls on F1 <b>–</b> 4 reaching beyond following segment. Some clava sensilla strongly recurved (Figure 2 (d–e)). <i>Variation</i> One male has additional brown colouration anteriorly on gastral tergum 1, encircling petiole base. <i>Etymology</i> Named in honour of our friend and colleague, Dr John La Salle, for his good humour and love of Chalcidoidea. He will be missed. <i>Biology</i> Larva is a koinobiont endoparasitoid of mature larva of lychee gall midge, <i>Litchiomyia chinensis</i>. Diagnosis and recognition. This species is recognised by female completely yellow, clypeus slightly emarginate (both sexes), and male with strongly recurved sensilla on clava. This species keys to the <i>anysis</i> -group to a large extent, ultimately to couplet 20 in Graham 1991 where it splits the diagnostic features with three of five characters leading to <i>Q. anysis</i>. However, <i>Q. lasallei</i> differs from <i>Q. anysis</i> in completely pale yellow colouration in female (areas of brown/black on head and metasoma, mesosoma mostly black), scape reaching the level of vertex (not reaching vertex), clypeus notched (not subtruncate), and recurved sensilla on male clava (straight). Biologically, <i>Q. anysis</i> is known from <i>Monarthropalpus buxi</i> Laboulbène (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that mines the leaves of <i>Buxus</i> spp. (box; Buxaceae) throughout Europe and North America. In the key of Narendran (2007), this species runs to <i>Q. longiclavatus</i> Narendran, but differs in claval spine 0.2 X the length of clava (0.52 X) and female completely yellow (largely black). The biology and male are unknown for <i>Q. longiclavatus</i>. Finally, in the Reina and La Salle (2004) key to Old World species of the <i>anysis</i> -group, <i>Q. lasallei</i> runs to <i>Q. citrella</i> Reina &amp; LaSalle, as both share F1 shorter than F2, and speculum extending ~0.2–0.3 X length marginal vein, but all gastral terga yellow (dark brown band on gastral terga 3–4) and propodeum distinctly reticulate (sculpture much smoother). Further, <i>Q. citrella</i> is an idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the leafminer <i>Phyllocnistis citrella</i> Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) whereas <i>Q. lasallei</i> is a koinobiont endoparasitoid of <i>L. chinensis.</i> <i>Type material examined</i> Female holotype, 1 female: TAIWAN: Changhua Co.: Fenyuan Township, No. 139 Fongshan Rd., 24°00 <i>ʹ</i> 9.2”N 120°37 <i>ʹ</i> 32.3”E, 19.IX.2018, Heyieh, Coll. Yi-Min Chao; sp. 2, female #6; USNMENT01525925 (NCHUC). 2 female, 3 male paratypes, same data as holotype (NCHU). 2 female, 3 male paratypes, same data as holotype, except secondary labels are sp. 2, female #5, USNMENT01525926 (1 f, USNM); sp. 2 female #6, USNMENT01525927 (1 f, NHMUK); sp. 2 male #7, USNMENT01525928 (1 m, USNM); sp. 2 male #7, USNMENT01525929 (1 m, NHMUK); sp. 2 male #7, USNMENT01525924 (1 m, CNCI). 1 female paratype, same locality and collector as holotype, except date 13. XI.2018 (1 f, NCHU). 1 female paratype: Nantou Co.: Caotun Township, Jianxing Rd., 23°59 <i>ʹ</i> 39.7”N 120°46 <i>ʹ</i> 18.1”E, 6.IX.2018, Coll. Yi-Min Chao; sp. 1 male #4, USNMENT01525920 (1 f, CNCI). 1 female, 4 male paratypes: TAIWAN: Taichung City: Taiping Dist., Guangxing Rd., No.60 2140th S. Ln., 24°07 <i>ʹ</i> 42.4”N 120°44 <i>ʹ</i> 17.1”E, 21. XI.2018, em. 29.XI.2018, Coll. Yi-Min Chao (1 f, 2 m, NCHU); same collected date except em. 27.XI.2018 (2 f, NCHU).
description: Published as part of <i>Gates, Michael W., Chao, Yi-Min, Lin, Sheng-Feng &amp; Yang, Man-Miao, 2020, Description of two new Quadrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared from Litchiomyia chinensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on commercial lychee (Litchi chinensis; Sapindaceae) in Taiwan, pp. 635-646 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9)</i> on pages 637-641, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1779367, http://zenodo.org/record/4290750
description: {"references": ["Narendran TC. 2007. Indian chalcidoid parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, No. 272, 386 pp.", "Reina P, La Salle J. 2004. Two new species of Quadrastichus Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoids of the leafminers Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). J Hymenopt Res. 13: 108 - 119."]}