cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First-principles simulation of capacitive charging of graphene and implications for supercapacitor design
Creators: name: Radin, Maxwell D.
name: Ogitsu, Tadashi
name: Otani, Minoru
name: Biener, Juergen
name: Wood, Brandon C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supercapacitors store energy via the formation of an electric double layer, which generates a strong electric field at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Unlike conventional metallic electrodes, graphene-derived materials suffer from a low electronic density of states (i.e., quantum capacitance), which limits their ability to redistribute charge and efficiently screen this field. To explore these effects, we introduce a first-principles approach based on the effective screening medium framework, which is used to directly simulate the charge storage behavior of single- and multi-layered graphene in a way that more closely approximates operating devices. We demonstrate that the presence of the interfacial field significantly alters the capacitance in electrodes thinner than a few graphene layers, deriving in large part from intrinsic space-charge screening limitations. The capacitance is also found to be highly sensitive to the gap between the electrode and the solvent (contact layer), which offers possibilities for tuning the interfacial capacitance of the electrode by proper engineering of the electrolyte. Our results offer an alternative interpretation of discrepancies between experimental measurements and fixed-band models, and provide specific implications for improving graphene-based devices.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
“The Other Side of the Ditch”
Creators: name: Dehdarirad, Ali
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 2022

description: Although in different ways, William Vollmann’s Imperial and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road engage with environmental and societal problems. Representing a state of ecological crisis, among other things, they indicate the fragility of human beings in the world. Against the backdrop of their shared, though not similar, conceptualization of climate issues, the article examines how these books depict the USA as an ongoing site of emergency through an ecocritical approach. More broadly, I analyze how the economic and political apparatus have historically exploited America’s natural resources for capitalist profiteering, most often by recourse to states of emergency. Imperial depicts Southern California as a dystopian wasteland as well as a haven of possibility. Imperial County’s arbitrary border with Mexico delineates the violent imposition of human will on the natural territory for economic and political reasons. At the same time, it represents hope for Mexican immigrants. Vollmann’s Imperial County shows immigration as a long-lasting, neglected issue of concern at the US-Mexico border. The Road offers a post-apocalyptic vison of the world where natural resources are exhausted. The unfolding of the (natural) catastrophe has led the main characters, a man and his son, to migrate across the USA. Like in Imperial, migration seems to promise a better condition of life. Nevertheless, the gray sea at the end of the journey suggests “a world unheard of.” By providing such descriptions of the American landscape, these books delve into the anxiety of living in an uncertain world while challenging the US system of socio-political governance.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 33 (2022): Sites of Emergency, States of Exception
A Pattern Recognition System for Detecting Use of Mobile Phones While Driving
Creators: name: Berri, Rafael A.
name: Silva, Alexandre G.
name: Parpinelli, Rafael S.
name: Girardi, Elaine
name: Arthur, Rangel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is estimated that 80% of crashes and 65% of near collisions involved drivers inattentive to traffic for three seconds before the event. This paper develops an algorithm for extracting characteristics allowing the cell phones identification used during driving a vehicle. Experiments were performed on sets of images with 100 positive images (with phone) and the other 100 negative images (no phone), containing frontal images of the driver. Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Polynomial kernel is the most advantageous classification system to the features provided by the algorithm, obtaining a success rate of 91.57% for the vision system. Tests done on videos show that it is possible to use the image datasets for training classifiers in real situations. Periods of 3 seconds were correctly classified at 87.43% of cases.
description: 8 pages, 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications
Passive transfer of anti-laminin 5 antibodies induces subepidermal blisters in neonatal mice.
Creators: name: Yancey, K B
name: Lazarova, Z
name: Yee, C
name: Darling, T
name: Briggaman, R A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Patients with a recently identified subepithelial blistering disease have IgG anti-laminin 5 autoantibodies. To determine if such antibodies can be pathogenic in vivo, we developed and characterized rabbit anti-laminin 5 IgG, and passively transferred these antibodies to neonatal mice. Immune rabbit IgG specifically bound human and murine epidermal basement membranes, immunoblotted and immunoprecipitated all laminin 5 subunits from extracts of human and murine keratinocytes, and showed no reactivity to other keratinocyte proteins or epithelial basement membranes that do not contain laminin 5. Mice (n = 29) receiving purified anti-laminin 5 IgG developed, in a dose-related fashion, circulating anti-laminin 5 antibodies, deposits of rabbit IgG and murine C3 in epidermal basement membranes, and subepidermal blisters of skin and mucous membranes. No alterations developed in controls (n = 14) receiving identical amounts of normal rabbit IgG. Passive transfer of anti-laminin 5 (but not control) IgG to neonatal C5- (n = 3) or mast cell-deficient (n = 3) mice produced subepidermal blisters with the same clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic features as those documented in BALB/c mice. These studies establish an animal model of a human blistering disease that can be used to define disease mechanisms and treatment modalities.
Robust orbital diamagnetism of correlated Dirac fermions in chiral Ising universality class
Creators: name: Tada, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study orbital diamagnetism at zero temperature in $(2+1)$-dimensional Dirac fermions with a short-range interaction which exhibits a quantum phase transition to a charge density wave (CDW) phase. We introduce orbital magnetic fields into spinless Dirac fermions on the $π$-flux square lattice, and analyze them by using infinite density matrix renormalization group. It is found that the diamagnetism remains intact in the Dirac semimetal regime as a result of a non-trivial competition between the enhanced Fermi velocity and magnetic-field-induced mass gap, while it is monotonically suppressed in the CDW regime. Around the quantum critical point (QCP) of the CDW phase transition, we find a scaling behavior of the diamagnetism characteristic of the chiral Ising universality class. This defines a universal behavior of orbital diamagnetism in correlated Dirac fermions around a QCP, and therefore the robust diamagnetism in the semimetal regime is a universal property of Dirac systems whose criticality belongs to the chiral Ising universality class. The scaling behavior may also be regarded as a quantum, magnetic analogue of the critical Casimir effect which has been widely studied for classical phase transitions.
description: 10 pages
Gravitational waves and primordial black holes from chirality imbalanced QCD first-order phase transition with $\mathcal {P}$ and $\mathcal {CP}$ violation
Creators: name: Shao, Jingdong
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chirality imbalance in QCD is spontaneously induced by a repulsive axial-vector interaction from the instanton anti-instanton pairing at high temperature above the chiral phase transition, and vanishes at low temperature. The chiral chemical potential $μ_5$ is in the same magnitude as estimated from the sphaleron transition. Phase transition of the chirality imbalance is always a first-order one in the early universe with $\mathcal {P}$ and $\mathcal {CP}$ violation. The spectra of gravitational waves and the formation of the primordial black holes from this first-order phase transition is investigated in this work, and the effect of a strong magnetic field is also analyzed. The gravitational waves produced by chirality imbalance can be detected by LISA, Taiji and DECIGO, with the peak energy density locating in the range of $10^{-11}$ to $10^{-9}$ and the peak frequencies lying in the range of $10^{-5}$ Hz to $10^{-2}$ Hz. The spectrum with larger axial vector coupling strength and stronger magnetic field has higher peak energy density and lower peak frequency. According to this trend, the gravitational waves spectra might also be able to be detected by SKA, IPTA and EPTA. The Phase transition inverse duration $β/H_*$ calculated from the bounce solution is in the order of $10^4$, which is much higher than typical value $10-100$ from electroweak phase transitions. Based on the mechanism of postponement of the false vacuum decay, it is found that the formation of the primordial black hole is not favored because the phase transition completes in an extreme short time due to the large value of $β/H_*$ and thus the false vacuum energy density decays sharply.
description: It contains 14 pages and 13 figures
Linking the Singularities of Cosmological Correlators
Creators: name: Baumann, Daniel
name: Chen, Wei-Ming
name: Pueyo, Carlos Duaso
name: Joyce, Austin
name: Lee, Hayden
name: Pimentel, Guilherme L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much of the structure of cosmological correlators is controlled by their singularities, which in turn are fixed in terms of flat-space scattering amplitudes. An important challenge is to interpolate between the singular limits to determine the full correlators at arbitrary kinematics. This is particularly relevant because the singularities of correlators are not directly observable, but can only be accessed by analytic continuation. In this paper, we study rational correlators, including those of gauge fields, gravitons, and the inflaton, whose only singularities at tree level are poles and whose behavior away from these poles is strongly constrained by unitarity and locality. We describe how unitarity translates into a set of cutting rules that consistent correlators must satisfy, and explain how this can be used to bootstrap correlators given information about their singularities. We also derive recursion relations that allow the iterative construction of more complicated correlators from simpler building blocks. In flat space, all energy singularities are simple poles, so that the combination of unitarity constraints and recursion relations provides an efficient way to bootstrap the full correlators. In many cases, these flat-space correlators can then be transformed into their more complex de Sitter counterparts. As an example of this procedure, we derive the correlator associated to graviton Compton scattering in de Sitter space, though the methods are much more widely applicable.
description: 69+29 pages, 6 figures; v2: final version for submission, graviton Compton correlator is now fully derived
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (40)]
Creators: name: Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1416
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Johannes de Cigognariis, praepositus des Klosters St. Cataldi in Cremona, verpachtet dem Zilianus de Mediispanis, Sohn des verstorbenen Cabrinus, aus der Nachbarschaft St. Pauli in Cremona für neun Jahre ein Stück Land, gelegen in Casanova del Morbasco auf dem Stadtgebiet Cremonas.
Connection between Emission and Absorption Outflows through the Study of Quasars with Extremely-High Velocity Outflows
Creators: name: Hidalgo, Paola Rodríguez
name: Rankine, Amy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently-discovered class of outflows, extremely high-velocity outflows (EHVOs), may be key to understanding feedback processes as it is likely the most powerful in terms of mass-energy. These EHVOs have been observed at redshifts 1.052 < z_em < 7.641, but the potential connection with outflows in emission had not been studied. We find that EHVOs, albeit their small numbers at the moment, appear to show distinct CIV and HeII properties. In particular, EHVOs are more predominant in quasars with large blueshifts of the CIV emission line, suggesting a connection between emission and absorption outflowing signatures for these extreme outflows. We also find incipient trends with the maximum velocity of the outflows, which is similar to what has been previously found in BALQSOs, but now extending previous studies to speeds up to ~0.2c. We find the bolometric luminosities, Eddington ratios, and black hole masses of our sample are overall very similar from the general quasar population upon considering their CIV emission properties. This is close to the case for HeII EW as we observe a tentative upper limit to the HeII strength for a quasar to host an EHVO. This study shows that extreme outflows such as EHVOs appear in quasars that are clearly a distinct class from the overall BALQSO population, and solidify the relation between outflows observed in emission and in absorption.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (submitted Sept 3rd 2022; accepted Sept 26th 2022)
Feeble Protests: Models of Emancipation
Creators: name: DE ROSA WEDD, DARCY
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 360103
subject: Art theory
classificationCode: 360602
subject: Fine arts

description: This thesis examines if the labour of art’s production and the formation of art’s value are exceptional in capitalism and if this exceptionalism constitutes a challenge to capital. This thesis uses the writing of Karl Marx to examine art's exceptionalism and challenge to capitalism through an analysis of my art practice and the work of Ray Johnson.
Entanglement negativity in a fermionic chain with dissipative defects: Exact results
Creators: name: Caceffo, Fabio
name: Alba, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of the fermionic logarithmic negativity in a free-fermion chain with a localized loss, which acts as a dissipative impurity. The chain is initially prepared in a generic Fermi sea. In the standard hydrodynamic limit of large subsystems and long times, with their ratio fixed, the negativity between two subsystems is described by a simple formula, which depends only on the effective absorption coefficient of the impurity. The negativity grows linearly at short times, then saturating to a volume-law scaling. Physically, this reflects the continuous production with time of entangling pairs of excitations at the impurity site. Interestingly, the negativity is not the same as the Rényi mutual information with Rényi index $1/2$, in contrast with the case of unitary dynamics. This reflects the interplay between dissipative and unitary processes. The negativity content of the entangling pairs is obtained in terms of an effective two-state mixed density matrix for the subsystems. Criticality in the initial Fermi sea is reflected in the presence of logarithmic corrections. The prefactor of the logarithmic scaling depends on the loss rate, suggesting a nontrivial interplay between dissipation and criticality.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures, 3 appendices. Close to published version in JSTAT
Event-by-event cumulants of azimuthal angles
Creators: name: Bilandzic, Ante
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop further the recently proposed event-by-event cumulants of azimuthal angles. The role of reflection symmetry, permutation symmetry, frame independence, and relabeling of particle indices in the cumulant expansion is discussed in detail. We argue that mathematical and statistical properties of cumulants are preserved if cumulants of azimuthal angles are defined event-by-event in terms of single-event averages of azimuthal angles, while they are violated in the traditional approach in which cumulants are defined in terms of all-event averages. We derive for the first time the example analytic solutions for the contribution of combinatorial background in the measured 2- and 3-particle correlations. We demonstrate that these solutions for the combinatorial background are universal as they can be written generically in terms of multiplicity-dependent combinatorial weights and marginal probability density functions of starting multivariate distribution. The new general results between multiparticle azimuthal correlators and flow amplitudes and symmetry planes are presented.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Prepared for "Offshell-2021" conference. This version was accepted for publication in EPJC. Most important change between v1 and v2: It was realized and acknowledged that analytic expressions in Eqs. (16) and (24) for combinatorial background can be further generalized - the generalization will be presented in the follow-up work
Origin of the mixed-order transition in multiplex networks: the Ashkin-Teller model
Creators: name: Jang, S.
name: Lee, J. S.
name: Hwang, S.
name: Kahng, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, diverse phase transition (PT) types have been obtained in multiplex networks, such as discontinuous, continuous, and mixed-order PTs. However, they emerge from individual systems, and there is no theoretical understanding of such PTs in a single framework. Here, we study a spin model called the Ashkin-Teller (AT) model in a mono-layer scale-free network; this can be regarded as a model of two species of Ising spin placed on each layer of a double-layer network. The four-spin interaction in the AT model represents the inter-layer interaction in the multiplex network. Diverse PTs emerge depending on the inter-layer coupling strength and network structure. Especially, we find that mixed-order PTs occur at the critical end points. The origin of such behavior is explained in the framework of Landau-Ginzburg theory.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
A Solvable Model of Flat Space Holography
Creators: name: Rosso, Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an explicit realization of flat space holography in two dimensions where both sides of the duality are independently defined and the boundary theory is completely solvable. In the bulk, we define a novel $\mathcal{N}=1$ flat space supergravity theory and exactly compute the full topological expansion of its Euclidean partition function with an arbitrary number of boundaries. On the boundary, we consider a double scaled Hermitian random matrix model with Gaussian potential and use the loop equations to show it independently reproduces the bulk partition function to all orders in the topological expansion. The non-perturbative completion of the supergravity theory provided by the solvable Gaussian matrix model allows for the exact, and in many cases analytic, computation of observables in flat space quantum gravity.
description: 39 pages, 4 figures
The Provisional Utopia and the State of Exception
Creators: name: Proietti, Salvatore
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 2022

description: Both written in the late 1970s, Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony and Stephen King’s The Stand participated in the contemporary revision of the notion of utopia highlighted by critics such as Fredric Jameson, Tom Moylan, and Darko Suvin. I argue that in both novels this revision occurs because they stage, in different ways, a refusal of solutions akin to Schmitt’s and Agamben’s state of exception, shown as inadequate to the task of rebuilding a sense of community in the aftermath of radical crises. Silko’s 1977 landmark in Native American fiction is the story of WW2 veteran Tayo who turns to the ceremonies of his people’s oral culture in his search for healing, a way out of his post-traumatic stress, presented as a personal analogue to the drought affecting his Laguna Pueblo reservation. In the shadow of white people’s wars, including nuclear experiments, the native tradition must meet forms of renewal, capable of rejecting the threat of downward spirals of individual and collective counter-violence. King’s 1978 post-apocalyptic novel juxtaposes genres, from realism to science fiction and religious fantasy. In the aftermath of disasters that include deindustrialization, a global pandemic spawned by military research, and the Bomb, The Stand gathers a polyphony of viewpoints, with a sophisticated encyclopedia of cultural allusions, from literature to rock music, to approach and challenge many facets of US national self-confidence, from expansionist rhetoric to racial conflicts, self-consciously aimed at contesting survivalist rhetorics of emergency. Both novels include a pars construens, in which survivors to literal and cultural world-shattering catastrophes try to imagine their future as novum, in contrast to scenarios of extraordinary measures breaching rules of law and human dignity, a reconstruction presented as inseparable from the ecosphere’s healing, and above all as provisional – its self-doubt the evidence of a lasting awareness, grounds for utopian hope.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 33 (2022): Sites of Emergency, States of Exception
Evidence of Andreev bound states as a hallmark of the FFLO phase in $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu(NCS)$_2$
Creators: name: Mayaffre, H.
name: Kramer, S.
name: Horvatić, M.
name: Berthier, C.
name: Miyagawa, K.
name: Kanoda, K.
name: Mitrović, V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity is a quantum phenomena arising, in its simplest form, from pairing of fermions with opposite spin into a state with zero net momentum. Whether superconductivity can occur in fermionic systems with unequal number of two species distinguished by spin, atomic hyperfine states, flavor, presents an important open question in condensed matter, cold atoms, and quantum chromodynamics, physics. In the former case the imbalance between spin-up and spin-down electrons forming the Cooper pairs is indyced by the magnetic field. Nearly fifty years ago Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin and Ovchinnikov (FFLO) proposed that such imbalanced system can lead to exotic superconductivity in which pairs acquire finite momentum. The finite pair momentum leads to spatially inhomogeneous state consisting of of a periodic alternation of "normal" and "superconducting" regions. Here, we report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements providing microscopic evidence for the existence of this new superconducting state through the observation of spin-polarized quasiparticles forming so-called Andreev bound states.
description: 6 pages, 5 figs
One-off and Repeating Fast Radio Bursts: A Statistical Analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Hao-Yan
name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Sun, Mouyuan
name: Yi, Tuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the number of detected bursts, fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be classified into two categories, i.e., one-off FRBs and repeating ones. We make a statistical comparison of these two categories based on the first FRB catalog of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project. Using the Anderson-Darling, Kolmogrov-Smirnov, and Energy statistic tests, we find significant statistical differences ($p$-value $<$ 0.001) of the burst properties between the one-off FRBs and the repeating ones. More specifically, after controlling for distance, we find that the peak luminosities of one-off FRBs are, on average, higher than the repeating ones; the pulse temporal widths of repeating FRBs are, on average, longer than the one-off ones. The differences indicate that these two categories could have distinct physical origins. Moreover, we discuss the sub-populations of FRBs and provide statistical evidence to support the existence of sub-populations in one-off FRBs and in repeating ones.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (41)]
Creators: name: Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1416
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Johannes de Cigognariis, praepositus des Klosters St. Cataldi in Cremona, verpachtet dem Bertolinus de Aylenis, Sohn des Maffinus, aus der Nachbarschaft St. Hilarii in Cremona für neun Jahre ein Stück Land, gelegen im Stadtgebiet Cremonas.
Current Density of Majorana Bound States
Creators: name: Abyaneh, Mehran Zahiri
name: Farhoudi, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that a non-local complex fermion can be written in terms of two Majorana fermions. We exploit this fact to explain the system of two Majorana zero modes bound to a vortex and an anti-vortex, on the surface of a topological insulator in contact with an s-wave superconductor, as a non-local complex fermion. Although the current density of a single zero mode vanishes, by starting with a wave packet consisted of the positive and negative energy complex fermions, we specify that a time-dependent oscillatory motion emerges in the system. We also show that the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations depend on the relative distance of those two zero modes. Therefore, the observation of this oscillatory motion can be considered as a signature of the Majorana zero modes. Also, as the frequency of such an oscillatory motion depends on the distance between the two zero modes, it can be adjusted to bring this frequency within the resolution of observations. Furthermore, we indicate that the predicted oscillatory current is the reminiscent of the zitterbewegung effect.
On the Origins of Spontaneous Spherical Symmetry-Breaking in Open-Shell Atoms Through Polymer Self-Consistent Field Theory
Creators: name: LeMaitre, Phil A.
name: Thompson, Russell B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An alternative approach to density functional theory based on self-consistent field theory for ring polymers is applied to neutral atoms hydrogen to neon in their ground states. The spontaneous emergence of atomic shell structure and spherical symmetry-breaking of the total electron density is predicted by the model using ideas of polymer excluded-volume between pairs of electrons to enforce the Pauli-exclusion principle, and an exact electron self-interaction correction. The Pauli potential is approximated and correlations are neglected, leading to comparisons with Hartree-Fock theory, which also ignores correlations. The model shows excellent agreement with Hartree-Fock theory for the atomic binding energies and density profiles of the first six elements, providing exact matches for the elements hydrogen and helium. The predicted shell structure starts to deviate significantly past the element neon and spherical symmetry-breaking is first predicted to occur at carbon instead of boron. The self-consistent field theory energy functional which describes the model is decomposed into thermodynamic components to trace the origin of spherical symmetry-breaking. It is found to arise from the electron density approaching closer to the nucleus in non-spherical distributions, which lowers the energy despite resulting in frustration between the quantum kinetic energy, electron-electron interaction, and the Pauli exclusion interaction. The symmetry-breaking effect is also found to have minimal impact on the binding energies. The pair density profiles display behaviour similar to polymer macro-phase separation, where electron pairs occupy lobe-like structures that combined together, resemble traditional electronic orbitals. It is further shown that the predicted densities satisfy known constraints and produce the same total electronic density profile that is predicted by quantum mechanics.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (97)]
Creators: name: Eugen, IV.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1440
Subjects: subject: Ablassurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Papst Eugen IV. würdigt das Engagement des Magisters Baptista Pallavicini, Kanoniker aus Cremona sowie scriptor und Vertrauter des Papstes, bei der Restaurierung der Kirche St. Martini in Cremona und gewährt deren Besuchern einen Sündenablass von 40 Tagen.
No globular cluster progenitors in Milky Way satellite galaxies
Creators: name: Boldrini, Pierre
name: Bovy, Jo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to find the possible progenitors of Milky Way globular clusters, we perform orbit integrations to track the orbits of 170 Galactic globular clusters and the eleven classical Milky Way satellite galaxies backwards in time for 11 Gyr in a Milky-Way-plus-satellites potential including the response of the MW to the infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the effect of dynamical friction on the satellites. To evaluate possible past associations, we devise a globular-cluster--satellite binding criterion based on the satellite's tidal radius and escape velocity and we test it on globular clusters associated with the Sagittarius dwarf and on dwarf galaxies associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud. For these, we successfully recover the dynamical associations highlighted by previous studies and we derive their time of accretion by the Galaxy by using Gaia EDR3 data. Assuming that Milky Way globular clusters are and have been free of dark matter and thus consist of stars alone, we demonstrate that none of the globular clusters show any clear association with the eight classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies even though a large fraction of them are believed to be accreted. This means that accreted globular clusters either came in as part of now-disrupted satellite galaxies or that globular clusters may have had dark matter halos in the past -- as suggested by the similar metallicity between globular clusters and dwarf galaxies.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Out of Exception, Into Emergency
Creators: name: Calanchi, Alessandra
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 2022

description: Inevitably interconnected with the “Great Acceleration” of the Anthropocene, space race has played a substantial role in the reassessment of humankind’s identity as interplanetary. The growing perception of new possible frontiers beyond the Earth’s borders, whether on the Moon or on Mars, has opened an era of neo-colonial projects involving language(s), culture(s), and media. More than in Elon Musk’s and Robert Zubrin’s recent proclamations, however, my article focuses on the durable effect of the myth of nation building on the quest for extraterrestrial territories. It is a fact that the current debate on Terraforming and manned expeditions frequently refers to Pilgrims, pioneers, transplantation, Dream, and Destiny. What is almost completely absent, on the other hand, is the awareness that counter-narrations existed since the turn of the nineteenth into the twentieth century. As early as 1890, in Mars as the Abode of Life, astronomer Percival Lowell insisted that extraordinary measures be urgently taken to keep the Earth from meeting the same destiny as the red planet – that is, to be reduced to a wasteland. Long before climate change, globalization, and world pandemics, Lowell was fully aware that neither our planet nor America were exceptional sites: on the contrary, they were places on the verge of an unprecedented and irrevocable state of emergency. This essay deals with such counter-narrations and with their controversial legacy.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 33 (2022): Sites of Emergency, States of Exception
Complementation of reduced survival, hypotension, and renal abnormalities in angiotensinogen-deficient mice by the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes.
Creators: name: Davisson, R L
name: Smithies, O
name: Krege, J H
name: Lager, D J
name: Sigmund, C D
name: Kim, H S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: The aim of this study was to determine whether elements of the human renin-angiotensin system (RAS) could functionally replace elements of the mouse RAS by complementing the reduced survival and renal abnormalities observed in mice carrying a gene-targeted deletion of the mouse angiotensinogen gene (mAgt). Double transgenic mice containing the human renin (HREN) and human angiotensinogen (HAGT) genes were bred to mice heterozygous for the mAgt deletion and the compound heterozygotes were identified and intercrossed. The resulting progeny (n = 139) were genotyped at each locus and the population was stratified into two groups: the first containing both human transgenes (RA+) and the second containing zero or one, but not both human transgenes (RA-). Despite appropriate Mendelian ratios of RA- mice that were wildtype (+/+), heterozygous (+/-), and homozygous (-/-) for the deletion of mAgt at birth, there was reduced survival of RA- mAgt-/- mice to adulthood (P < 0.001 by chi2). In contrast, we observed appropriate Mendelian ratios of RA+ mAgt+/+, RA+ mAgt+/-, and RA+ mAgt-/- mice at birth and in adults (P > 0.05 by chi2). These results demonstrate that the presence of both human transgenes rescues the postnatal lethality in mAgt-/- mice. The renal histopathology exhibited by RA- mAgt-/- mice, including thickened arterial walls, severe fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltration, and atrophied parenchyma, was also rescued in the RA+ mAgt-/- mice. Direct arterial blood pressure recordings in conscious freely moving mice revealed that BP (in mmHg) varied proportionally to mAgt gene copy number in RA+ mice (approximately 20 mmHg per mAgt gene copy, P < 0.001). BP in RA+ mAgt-/- mice (132+/-3, n = 14) was intermediate between wild-type (RA- mAgt+/+, 105+/-2, n = 9) and RA+ mAgt+/+ (174+/-3, n = 10) mice. These studies establish that the human renin and angiotensinogen genes can functionally replace the mouse angiotensinogen gene, and provides proof in principle that we can examine the regulation of elements of the human RAS and test the significance of human RAS gene variants by a combined transgenic and gene targeting approach.
Lie Bi-Algebras on the Non-Commutative Torus
Creators: name: Landi, Giovanni
name: Rajeev, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Infinitesimal symmetries of a classical mechanical system are usually described by a Lie algebra acting on the phase space, preserving the Poisson brackets. We propose that a quantum analogue is the action of a Lie bi-algebra on the associative $*$-algebra of observables. The latter can be thought of as functions on some underlying non-commutative manifold. We illustrate this for the non-commutative torus $\mathbb{T}^2_θ$. The canonical trace defines a Manin triple from which a Lie bi-algebra can be constructed. In the special case of rational $θ=\frac{M}{N}$ this Lie bi-algebra is $\underline{GL}(N)=\underline{U}(N)\oplus \underline{B}(N)$, corresponding to unitary and upper triangular matrices. The Lie bi-algebra has a remnant in the classical limit $N\to\infty$: the elements of $\underline{U}(N)$ tend to real functions while $\underline{B}(N)$ tends to a space of complex analytic functions.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure
Recollimation boundary layers as X-ray sources in young stellar jets
Creators: name: Günther, Hans Moritz
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
name: Schneider, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young stars accrete mass from circumstellar disks and in many cases, the accretion coincides with a phase of massive outflows, which can be highly collimated. Those jets emit predominantly in the optical and IR wavelength range. However, in several cases X-ray and UV observations reveal a weak but highly energetic component in those jets. X-rays are observed both from stationary regions close to the star and from knots in the jet several hundred AU from the star. In this article we show semi-analytically that a fast stellar wind which is recollimated by the pressure from a slower, more massive disk wind can have the right properties to power stationary X-ray emission. The size of the shocked regions is compatible with observational constraints. Our calculations support a wind-wind interaction scenario for the high energy emission near the base of YSO jets. For the specific case of DG Tau, a stellar wind with a mass loss rate of $5\cdot10^{-10}\;M_{\odot}\;\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ and a wind speed of 800 km s$^{-1}$ reproduces the observed X-ray spectrum. We conclude that a stellar wind recollimation shock is a viable scenario to power stationary X-ray emission close to the jet launching point.
description: accepted by ApJ, 14 pages, 9 figures
“The Least Worst Place”
Creators: name: Luconi, Stefano
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 2022

description: “The least worst place” in the world to hold “unlawful combatants,” in Secretary of Defence Donald Rumsfeld’s words, the military detention camp within the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay stands out as the epitome for the primacy of national security over due process, habeas corpus, and the safeguard of human rights in Washington’s “War on Terror.” Since late 2001, in the eyes of the federal administration, GITMO has enjoyed the double benefit of being under US jurisdiction but in a foreign country, which has enabled Washington’s personnel to be in control but has also allegedly exempted them from applying US laws. As such, though not without precedents, the existence of GITMO, along with the related indefinite confinement without trial and resort to torture of prisoners, points to the blatant inconsistency between, on the one hand, the US longing for global leadership in the promotion of freedom and the enforcement of the rule of law and, on the other, Washington’s failure to protect these values in times of national emergency. Drawing mainly upon the rulings by the US Supreme Court on previous and coeval cases, this article reconstructs how jurisprudence initially supported Washington’s arrogant and go-it-alone style in waging the “War on Terror” by crushing the Guantánamo inmates’ most basic rights, too. It also highlights how political expediency has subsequently interfered with the slow inroads of due process and habeas corpus into GITMO.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 33 (2022): Sites of Emergency, States of Exception
Iso-geometric Integral Equation Solvers and their Compression via Manifold Harmonics
Creators: name: Alsnayyan, A. M. A.
name: Shanker, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The state of art of electromagnetic integral equations has seen significant growth over the past few decades, overcoming some of the fundamental bottlenecks: computational complexity, low frequency and dense discretization breakdown, preconditioning, and so on. Likewise, the community has seen extensive investment in development of methods for higher order analysis, in both geometry and physics. Unfortunately, these standard geometric descriptors are continuous, but their normals are discontinuous at the boundary between triangular tessellations of control nodes, or patches, with a few exceptions; as a result, one needs to define additional mathematical infrastructure to define physical basis sets for vector problems. In stark contrast, the geometric representation used for design are second order differentiable almost everywhere on the surfaces. Using these description for analysis opens the door to several possibilities, and is the area we explore in this paper. Our focus is on Loop subdivision based isogeometric methods. In this paper, our goals are two fold: (i) development of computational infrastructure for isogeometric analysis of electrically large simply connected objects, and (ii) to introduce the notion of manifold harmonics transforms and its utility in computational electromagnetics. Several results highlighting the efficacy of these two methods are presented.
Symmetry breaking of solitons in one-dimensional parity-time-symmetric optical potentials
Creators: name: Yang, Jianke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetry breaking of solitons in a class of one-dimensional parity-time (PT) symmetric complex potentials with cubic nonlinearity is reported. In generic PT-symmetric potentials, such symmetry breaking is forbidden. However, in a special class of PT-symmetric potentials $V(x)=g^2(x)+αg(x)+ i g'(x)$, where $g(x)$ is a real and even function and $α$ a real constant, symmetry breaking of solitons can occur. That is, a branch of non-PT-symmetric solitons can bifurcate out from the base branch of PT-symmetric solitons when the base branch's power reaches a certain threshold. At the bifurcation point, the base branch changes stability, and the bifurcated branch can be stable.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
A Semi-Analytical Line Transfer (SALT) Model III: Galactic Inflows
Creators: name: Carr, Cody
name: Scarlata, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of ultraviolet spectra resulting from the scattering of photons by gas in-falling onto an isotropically emitting source of radiation. The model is based on an adaptation of the semi-analytical line transfer (SALT) code of Scarlata & Panagia (2015), and designed to interpret the inverse P-Cygni profiles observed in the spectra of partially ionized galactic inflows. In addition to presenting the model, we explore the parameter space of the inflowing SALT model and recreate various physically motivated scenarios including spherical inflows, inflows with covering fractions less than unity, and galactic fountains (i.e., galactic systems with both an inflowing and outflowing component). The resulting spectra from inflowing gas show spectral features that could be misinterpreted as ISM features in low resolution spectroscopy ($σ\approx 120$ $\rm{km }$ $\rm{s}^{-1}$), suggesting that the total number of galactic systems with inflows is undercounted. Our models suggest that observations at medium resolution ($R = 6000$ or $σ\approx 50$ $\rm{km }$ $\rm{s}^{-1}$) that can be obtained with 8m-class telescopes will be able to resolve the characteristic inverse P Cygni profiles necessary to identify inflows.
description: Accepted by ApJ
The effect of particle anisotropy on the modulation of turbulent flows
Creators: name: Olivieri, Stefano
name: Cannon, Ianto
name: Rosti, Marco E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 76F05

description: We investigate the modulation of turbulence caused by the presence of finite-size dispersed particles. Bluff (isotropic) spheres vs slender (anisotropic) fibers are considered to understand the influence of the object shape on altering the carrier flow. While at a fixed mass fraction - but different Stokes number - both objects provide a similar bulk effect characterized by a large-scale energy depletion, a scale-by-scale analysis of the energy transfer reveals that the alteration of the whole spectrum is intrinsically different. For bluff objects, the classical energy cascade is shrinked in its extension but unaltered in the energy content and its typical features, while for slender ones we find an alternative energy flux which is essentially mediated by the fluid-solid coupling.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures