cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Geopolítica das Fronteiras: Interfaces entre Fronteira, Limite e Tráfico de Pessoas
Creators: name: Silva, Brenda Farias Da
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A Região das Guianas, localizada no norte da América do Sul, é composta por cinco Estados: Venezuela, Brasil, República Cooperativa da Guiana e Coletividade Territorial da Guiana Francesa. Há uma extensa reserva de recursos naturais na região, como ouro e diamantes, o que leva à instalação de garimpos – formais e informais – e estes trazem consigo problemas como tráficos de armas, drogas e humano. Esse último ultrapassa fronteiras e atinge, segundo dados de 2016, quase 64 mil vítimas. Para compreendermos como se formam as redes ilegais nas regiões de fronteira, precisamos entender como funciona a geopolítica das mesmas, o que nos possibilita traçar um panorama do tráfico humano e investigar como a prática ocorre nessas regiões. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar questões teóricas da geopolítica de fronteiras e correlaciona-las com a prática do tráfico de pessoas. Além disso, o estudo visa dar um breve panorama de como a prática afeta as fronteiras brasileiras, mais especificamente as fronteiras da Região das Guianas, que apresenta uma forte ligação entre o garimpo de ouro e o tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual. O artigo é dividido em duas sessões principais, que buscam apontar os pontos relevantes para a compreensão do tema explorado. A metodologia utilizada para a pesquisa foi levantamento bibliográfico – artigos, livros e trabalhos acadêmicos – e documental – pesquisas realizadas por instituições governamentais e não governamentais, além de pesquisa de campo realizada entre novembro e dezembro de 2017. Como resultado do levantamento, foi possível perceber as diferentes dinâmicas nas fronteiras da Região das Guianas e como essas dinâmicas afetam as redes de tráfico de pessoas.
Comparative analysis of specific heat of YNi2B2C using nodal and two-gap models
Creators: name: Huang, C. L.
name: Lin, J. Y.
name: Sun, C. P.
name: Lee, T. K.
name: Kim, J. D.
name: Choi, E. M.
name: Lee, S. I.
name: Yang, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic field dependence of low temperature specific heat in YNi2B2C was measured and analyzed using various pairing order parameters. At zero magnetic field, the two-gap model which has been successfully applied to MgB2 and the point-node model, appear to describe the superconducting gap function of YNi2B2C better than other models based on the isotropic s-wave, the d-wave line nodes, or the s+g wave. The two energy gaps, delta_L=2.67 meV and delta_S=1.19 meV are obtained. The observed nonlinear field dependence of electronic specific heat coefficient, gamma(H)~H0.47, is quantitatively close to gamma(H)~H0.5 expected for nodal superconductivity or can be qualitatively explained using two-gap scenario. Furthermore, the positive curvature in Hc2(T) near Tc is qualitatively similar to that in the other two-gap superconductor MgB2.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Physical Review B
Fluctuations of the Fermi condensate in ideal gases
Creators: name: Anghel, Dragos-Victor
name: Fefelov, Oleg
name: Galperin, Y. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate numerically and analytically the fluctuations of the fermionic condensate and of the number of particles above the condensate for systems of constant density of states. We compare the canonical fluctuations, obtained from the equivalent Bose condensate fluctuation, with the grandcanonical fermionic calculation. The fluctuations of the condensate are almost the same in the two ensembles, with a small correction comming from the total particle number fluctuation in the grandcanonical ensemble. On the other hand the number of particles above the condensate and its fluctuation is insensitive to the choice of ensemble.
description: 10 pages with 3 figs. IOP style
Determinants of Agricultural Protection in an International Perspective: The Role of Political Institutions
Creators: name: Henning, Christian H.C.A.
name: Henning, Christian H.C.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Institutions
subject: Agricultural Protection
subject: Probabilistic Voting Model

description: Abstract—This paper studies the role of political institutions in determining the political success of agriculture in avoiding taxation or attracting government transfers in developing and industrialized countries, respectively. The model is based on a probabilistic voting environment, where in industrialized countries rural districts are less ideologically committed than urban districts, while in developing countries urban districts are less ideologically committed than rural districts. As a consequence, in industrialized (developing) countries rural (urban) districts are pivotal in determining the coalition that obtains a majority, whereas urban (rural) districts are pivotal within the majority itself. In bargaining at the legislature, this generates a conflict between the government, who will tend to favor rural (urban) districts, and its parliamentary majority, that will be dominated by urban (rural) concerns. As district size grows and the electoral system converges to a pure proportional system, both of these biases are attenuated. Overall, an opposite nonlinear relationship between district size and agricultural subsidies on the one hand and district size and taxation on the other hand follows, i.e. in developing countries taxation of agriculture first increases and then decreases with district magnitude, while in industrialized countries agricultural subsidization first increases and then decreases with district magnitude. Moreover, the impact of district magnitude on the level of agricultural subsidization is attenuated in presidential when compared to parliamentary systems, while the level of agricultural taxation is amplified in presidential systems. Empirical results from cross-country analysis including 37 countries over 20 years mainly support our theory.
C. Orelli an Theodor Heusser
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1878

description: Textincipit: "Lieber Freund! / Du wirst erstaunt sein, endlich von mir einmal / etwas zu hoeren; mit langen Ausreden u. Entschuldigungen / will ich dich aber nicht langweilen, [...]"
Religio-patriarchy and the gendered risk : the regulation of Iranian femininity in public spaces through the veil
Creators: name: El-Hage, Toni
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis addresses questions and dynamics of gender and power in Iran, after the Iranian revolution of 1978-1979. My research objective is to uncover the normative assumptions about heterosexual masculinity and femininity that have been formulated, shaped, and reinforced through the re-application and reinterpretation of hegemonic religious edicts. Specifically, I will argue that, since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the regulation of femininity and female sexuality in public spaces has been attempted by the ruling Iranian religio-patriarchal theocracy through the construction of women's bodies both as socio-sexual risk and as at risk within the parameters of public spaces. I suggest that they have done so because women represent risk that potentially threatens not only the ruling theocracy's hegemony, but the very fabric of society. Foucauldian theories of the repressive hypothesis and the surveillance system are used to explore not only how the veil continues to be used in Iran as an instrument of control in the formation of female compliance but, conversely, how many women in Islam have used the veil to gain varying degrees of public mobility and freedom under strict fundament-Islamic scopic regimes.
Positive deconvolution for superimposed extended source and point sources
Creators: name: Giovannelli, J. -F.
name: Coulais, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper deals with the construction of images from visibilities acquired using aperture synthesis instruments: Fourier synthesis, deconvolution, and spectral interpolation/extrapolation. Its intended application is to specific situations in which the imaged object possesses two superimposed components: ($i$) an extended component together with ($ii$) a set of point sources. It is also specifically designed to the case of positive maps, and accounts for a known support. Its originality lies within joint estimation of the two components, coherently with data, properties of each component, positivity and possible support. We approach the subject as an inverse problem within a regularization framework: a regularized least-squares criterion is specifically proposed and the estimated maps are defined as its minimizer. We have investigated several options for the numerical minimization and we propose a new efficient algorithm based on augmented Lagrangian. Evaluation is carried out using simulated and real data (from radio interferometry) demonstrating the capability to accurately separate the two components.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Coronavirus Disease-19 Outbreak: Barriers to Hand Hygiene Practices Among Healthcare Professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: BAMIDELE ALEGBELEYE
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: 111716 Preventive Medicine
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene practice entails hand washing, which is simple, cost-effective, and one of the first lines of defense in ceasing the spread of the current pandemic. This narrative review of published studies is conducted to highlight factors impacting hand hygiene practice and identify evidence-based strategies for improvement in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: The literature search strategy covered printed and online sources, including manual library search (PubMed), Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library. For papers written in English and published in the last ten years. A systematic analysis of available data was subsequently performed based on the review questions. RESULTS: An estimated 134 articles were found online, and thirty-two articles utilized in the final analysis. Overall, hand hygiene betides with low compliance rates in developing countries. The calculated compliance rate was 20.49%. The challenges identified were the poverty of awareness and scientific knowledge concerning hand hygiene, infrastructural deficit including lack of access to clean and potable water, soap, hand rub gel, misconceptions regarding hand hygiene practice, etc. CONCLUSION: Healthcare-associated infections draw increasing attention from all and sundry due to the growing recognition that most of these are preventable. Free evidence-based practice suggests that strict adherence to hand hygiene reduces the risk of cross-transmission of infections and especially in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The challenges identified in this review are consistent with the findings of studies conducted elsewhere. With “Clean Care is Safer Care” as a prime list of the World Health Organization's global initiative on patient safety programs; therefore, it is high time for developing countries to formulate the much-needed policies for implementing basic infection prevention practices in our healthcare settings.
Triaxially-deformed Freely-precessing Neutron Stars: Continuous electromagnetic and gravitational radiation
Creators: name: Gao, Yong
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Xu, Rui
name: Sun, Ling
name: Liu, Chang
name: Xu, Ren-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shape of a neutron star (NS) is closely linked to its internal structure and the equation of state of supranuclear matters. A rapidly rotating, asymmetric NS in the Milky Way undergoes free precession, making it a potential source for multimessenger observation. The free precession could manifest in (i) the spectra of continuous gravitational waves (GWs) in the kilohertz band for ground-based GW detectors, and (ii) the timing behavior and pulse-profile characteristics if the NS is monitored as a pulsar with radio and/or X-ray telescopes. We extend previous work and investigate in great detail the free precession of a triaxially deformed NS with analytical and numerical approaches. In particular, its associated continuous GWs and pulse signals are derived. Explicit examples are illustrated for the continuous GWs, as well as timing residuals in both time and frequency domains. These results are ready to be used for future multimessenger observation of triaxially-deformed freely-precessing NSs, in order to extract scientific implication as much as possible.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures; accepted by MNRAS
Nachtzedel Januar - Dezember 1791
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1791

description: Enthält: 352 nach Gasthäusern geordnete Meldelisten für in Zürich übernachtende Fremde, 1.1.1791 - 31.12.1791. Lücken: 20.1., 27.1., 7.2., 18.2., 25.2., 26.5., 15.7., 18.12. und 26.12.1791. Handschriftliche Zettel für die Samstage, 1.1.-31.12.1791, ohne 12.2., 23.7. und 17.12.1791, sowie für 20.4., 24.4., 1.6., 12.6. und 7.9.1791.
HCN J=5-4 Emission in APM08279+5255 at z=3.91
Creators: name: Wagg, J.
name: Wilner, D. J.
name: Neri, R.
name: Downes, D.
name: Wiklind, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We detect HCN J=5-4 emission from the ultraluminous quasar APM08279+5255 at z=3.911 using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. This object is strongly gravitationally lensed, yet still thought to be one of the most intrinsically luminous objects in the Universe. The new data imply a line luminosity L'_HCN(J=5-4) = 4.0+/-0.5 x 10^(10) K km/s pc^2. The ~440 km/s full width half maximum of the HCN J=5-4 line matches that of the previously observed high-J CO lines in this object and suggests that the emission from both species emerges from the same region: a warm, dense circumnuclear disk. Simple radiative transfer models suggest an enhanced abundance of HCN relative to CO in the nuclear region of APM08279+5255, perhaps due to increased ionization, or possibly the selective depletion of oxygen. The ratio of far-infrared luminosity to HCN luminosity is at the high end of the range found for nearby star forming galaxies, but comparable to that observed in the few high redshift objects detected in the HCN J=1-0 line. This is the first clear detection of high-J HCN emission redshifted into the 3-millimeter atmospheric window.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Public policy and some-day smoking among adults
Creators: name: Tauras, John A.
name: Tauras, John A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: policy
subject: price
subject: smoking
subject: some-day

description: While much is known about the impact of public policy on current cigarette smoking among adults, very little is known about the determinants of some-day smoking. This paper investigates the impact of cigarette prices, clean indoor air laws, and other socioeconomic factors on adult cigarette demand. Special emphasis is placed on examining the determinants of some-day smoking among adults. The estimates from this study clearly indicate that increasing the price of cigarettes, will decrease the number of people who currently smoke, will decrease the number of every-day smokers, and will decrease the number of cigarettes smoked on average among some-day smokers. Finally, clean indoor air laws are found to have a limited impact on current and some-day smoking.
Franz [Ziegler] an Theodor Heusser
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1871

description: Textincipit: "Mein lieber Theodor! / Um bei dieser Hitze Dir nicht noch mehr Briefe / zuzumuthen, möchte ich Dich gleich jetzt noch um / die Beantwortung meiner Frage ersuchen. [...]" / Absender nicht eindeutig identifiziert.
Supplimentary material Rarity Jones et al from Recent increases in assemblage rarity are linked to increasing local immigration
Creators: name: Jones, Faith A. M.
name: Dornelas, Maria
name: Magurran, Anne E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional figures and infromation to support Rarity Jones et al manuscript
State executions, deterrence, and the incidence of murder
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Paul R.
name: Zimmerman, Paul R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: capital punishment
subject: deterrence
subject: executions
subject: murder

description: This study employs a panel of U.S. state-level data over the years 1978-1997 to estimate the deterrent effect of capital punishment. Particular attention is paid to problems of endogeneity bias arising from the non-random assignment of death penalty laws across states and a simultaneous relationship between murders and the deterrence probabilities. The primary innovation of the analysis lies in the estimation of a simultaneous equations system whose identification is based upon the employment of instrumental variables motivated by the theory of public choice. The estimation results suggest that structural estimates of the deterrent effect of capital punishment are likely to be downward biased due to the influence of simultaneity. Correcting for simultaneity, the estimates imply that a state execution deters approximately fourteen murders per year on average. Finally, the results also suggest that the announcement effect of capital punishment, as opposed to the existence of a death penalty provision, is the mechanism actually driving the deterrent effect associated with state executions.
Vectors of type II Hermite-Padé approximations and a new linear independence criterion
Creators: name: Marcovecchio, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J72 (Primary), 11B83, 11C20, 15B36, 33C45, 39A60, 41A28, 42C05 (Secondary)

description: We propose a linear independence criterion, and outline an application of it. Down to its simplest case, it aims at solving this problem: given three real numbers, typically as special values of analytic functions, how to prove that the $\mathbb{Q}$-vector space spanned by $1$ and those three numbers has dimension at least 3, whenever we are unable to achieve full linear independence, by using simultaneous approximations, i.e. those usually arising from Hermite-Padé approximations of type II and their suitable generalizations. It should be recalled that approximations of type I and II are related, at least in principle: when the numerical application consists in specializing actual functional constructions of the two types, they can be obtained, one from the other, as explained in a well-known paper by K.Mahler [34]. That relation is reflected in a relation between the asymptotic behavior of the approximations at the infinite place of $\mathbb{Q}$. Rather interestingly, the two view-points split away regarding the asymptotic behaviors at finite places (i.e. primes) of $\mathbb{Q}$, and this makes the use of type II more convenient for particular purposes. In addition, sometimes we know type II approximations to a given set of functions, for which type I approximations are not known explicitly. Our approach can be regarded as a dual version of the standard linear independence criterion, which goes back to Siegel.
description: 29 pages, 67 references; section 4 expanded with more examples
Phase measurements in open and closed Aharonov-Bohm interferometers
Creators: name: Aharony, A.
name: Entin-Wohlman, O.
name: Imry, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm interferometers have been used in attempts to measure the transmission phase of a quantum dot which is placed on one arm of the interferometer. Here we review theoretical results for the conductance through such interferometers, for both the closed (two-terminal) and open (multi-terminal) cases. In addition to earlier results for the Coulomb blockade regime, we present new results for the strongly correlated Kondo regime, and test the consistency of the two-slit analysis of some data from open interferometer experiments.
description: Paper preented at FQMT04, Prague, July 2004
Dynamics of Structural Transformation: Understanding the Key Factors That Drive Innovative Activities in Selected Asian and African Countries
Creators: name: Badibanga, Thaddee Mutumba
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Badibanga, Thaddee Mutumba
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Structural Transformation
subject: Discovery
subject: Technological Change

description: This paper develops a metric of structural transformation that can account for the production of new varieties of goods embodying advancements in technological know-how and design. Our measure captures the dynamics of an economy’s transformation and can be viewed as an extension of the static measure developed by Hausmann and Klinger (2006). We apply this measure to four digit level sitc trade data of China, Malaysia and Ghana over the period 1962-2000. The results show the rapid transformation of the Chinese economy is characterized by two important factors: the high proximity of its export basket to the three main industrial clusters – capital goods, consumer durable goods, and intermediate inputs, and the increase in the values of the new goods belonging to these three clusters. Malaysia exhibits a similar but more modest pattern. In contrast, the structure of the Ghanaian economy appears unchanged over the entire 1962-2000 period. This economy is dominated by primary goods clusters, and the values of the goods in these clusters have remained relatively low. We also discuss qualitatively the role of policies and institutions in spurring transformation in the three countries.
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE U.S. WINE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Canning, Patrick N.
name: Perez, Agnes C.
name: Canning, Patrick N.
name: Perez, Agnes C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study examines wine trade in the United States to assess the impact of higher energy costs on the average distance of world and U.S. regional wine shipments, or wine miles, to U.S. markets. To examine this issue we calibrate a spatial equilibrium model of the U.S. wine industry. The model accounts for (i) consumer preferences for variety, (ii) monopolistic-competition/increasing-returns in the production of differentiated wine products, and (iii) transportation costs. Wine production areas are grouped into nine U.S. and seven world producing regions. U.S. markets are grouped into the 50 States plus the District of Columbia. Results indicate that U.S. consumers are willing to pay substantial transportation costs in order to consume a wide variety of wines from premier U.S. and world wine growing regions. As increasing energy costs drive up the price of freight services, wine mile impacts are limited by the degree of regional product differentiation in U.S. and world producing regions.
Voigt, Wolfgang: Verzeichnis der orientatlischen Handschriften in Deutschland
Creators: name: Engberding, Hieronymus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 49 (1965): Oriens christianus, Band 49
Community level participation in governance and development planning : building capacity for sustainable livelihoods in the Maldives
Creators: name: Farina, Sarah Megan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Sustainable livelihoods depend on a strong local capacity to maintain access to economic opportunities, health and other essential services, and the attendant infrastructure and institutional capacity necessary to support these activities. Capacity building to support increased community level participation in governance and development planning is one approach to building sustainable livelihoods. My research focuses on the impacts of participatory programs and projects at the local level, and the key elements that facilitate community level participation and help projects meet their objectives and gain the support of both local and state actors. The case study I employ is a UNDP-supported poverty alleviation and atoll development project in the Maldives which sought to build capacity at the community level in order to create opportunities for sustainable livelihoods. The Project supported institutional and economic development in outlying areas as a means to mobilize and build the capacity of local communities to participate in development planning and implementation. I base my research on personal observations and fifty interviews with community members, island leaders, and project staff that I conducted while working with the Project for four months in 2001, as well as a review of project documents, consultant reports, and literature related to community participation, governance, the Maldives, and Small Island Developing States. Project outputs included the establishment of a locally managed Atoll Development Program, an Atoll Community Fund that provides loans to support income-generating activities, and formal relationships with existing national-level institutions to provide services such as a savings program through the Mobile Bank. The successful elements of the Project include the flexible project structure, awarenessbuilding components, community determination and prioritization of activities through participatory rural appraisal, support from the national government, administrative support for local organizations, and coherent strategies linking the Project with national policies and priorities. I conclude that achieving sustainable livelihoods amongst local people through participation requires support in the form of institutional and economic development, and an overall framework for local planning and policy development that carefully considers local needs in relation to broader regional and national concerns.
Photometric colors of late-type giants: theory versus observations
Creators: name: Kucinskas, A.
name: Hauschildt, P. H.
name: Ludwig, H. -G.
name: Brott, I.
name: Vansevicius, V.
name: Lindegren, L.
name: Tanabe, T.
name: Allard, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To assess the current status in the theoretical modeling of the spectral properties of late-type giants, we provide a comparison of synthetic photometric colors of late-type giants (calculated with PHOENIX, MARCS and ATLAS model atmospheres) with observations, at [M/H]=0.0 and -2.0. Overall, there is a good agreement between observed and synthetic colors, and synthetic colors and published Teff-color relations, both at [M/H]=0.0 and -2.0. Deviations from the observed trends in Teff-color planes are generally within \pm 150K (or less) in the effective temperature range Teff=3500-4800K. Synthetic colors calculated with different stellar atmosphere models typically agree to ~100K, within a large range of effective temperatures and gravities. Some discrepancies are seen in the Teff-(B-V) plane below Teff~3800K at [M/H]=0.0, due to difficulties in reproducing the 'turn-off' to the bluer colors which is seen in the observed data at Teff~3600K. Note that at [M/H]=-2.0 effective temperatures given by the scale of Alonso et al. (1999) are generally lower than those resulting from other Teff-color relations based both on observed and synthetic colors.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings of the IAU Symposium 232 "The Scientific Requirements for Extremely Large Telescopes", eds. P. Whitelock, B. Leibundgut, and M. Dennefeld
CONTRACTING FOR NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Creators: name: Bystrom, Olof
name: Bromley, Daniel W.
name: Bystrom, Olof
name: Bromley, Daniel W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This study presents an incentive scheme to control agricultural nonpoint-source pollution. The analysis is based on a principal-agent framework with two parties: farmers and a regulating authority. Our incentive scheme proposes collective penalties as a way to control pollution. Unlike previous analyses of incentive schemes to control agricultural pollution, we suggest nonindividual contracts between farmers and a regulating authority, where farmers can trade pollution abatement efforts. Findings show that the information requirement of a regulatory agency can be substantially reduced if contracts can be made nonindividual.
Gravitational Recoil of Inspiralling Black-Hole Binaries to Second Post-Newtonian Order
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Qusailah, Moh'd S. S.
name: Will, Clifford M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The loss of linear momentum by gravitational radiation and the resulting gravitational recoil of black-hole binary systems may play an important role in the growth of massive black holes in early galaxies. We calculate the gravitational recoil of non-spinning black-hole binaries at the second post-Newtonian order (2PN) beyond the dominant effect, obtaining, for the first time, the 1.5PN correction term due to tails of waves and the next 2PN term. We find that the maximum value of the net recoil experienced by the binary due to the inspiral phase up to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) is of the order of 22 km/s. We then estimate the kick velocity accumulated during the plunge from the ISCO up to the horizon by integrating the momentum flux using the 2PN formula along a plunge geodesic of the Schwarzschild metric. We find that the contribution of the plunge dominates over that of the inspiral. For a mass ratio m_2/m_1=1/8, we estimate a total recoil velocity (due to both adiabatic and plunge phases) of 100 +/- 20 km/s. For a ratio 0.38, the recoil is maximum and we estimate it to be 250 +/- 50 km/s. In the limit of small mass ratio, we estimate V/c to be approximately 0.043 (1 +/- 20%)(m_2/m_1)^2. Our estimates are consistent with, but span a substantially narrower range than, those of Favata et al. (2004).
description: 19 pages, 1 figure, version accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
சங்க அக இலக்கியங்களில் இல்லறம்
Creators: name: முனைவர் தி. அறக்கலைச்செல்வி பிஎச்.டி.,
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200315 Indian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200520 Indian Literature

description: சங்க இலக்கியம் இன்று பல கோணங்களில் நுணுகி ஆராயப்பட்டு வருவது கண்கூடாகும். இதில் முதல், கரு, உரி என முப்பொருள் பாகுபாடு களின் அடிப்படையில் எழுந்தத் தன்மை கொண்டு இந்நூல்களில் தலைவன், தலைவி, தோழி, நற்றாய், செவிலி ஆகியோரின் கூற்றுகள் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன. இக்கூற்றின் வழி தமிழரின் வாழ்வில் காதல் என்ற உணர்வு பெற்ற நிலையில் காதலர்கள் மனமொத்து இருந்த நிலை வெளிப்படுகிறது. ஒருவர் மேல் ஒருவர் அன்பு செலுத்தினர். திருமணத்திற்குப்பின் சிறப்பாக வாழ்ந்தனர். திருமணத்திற்குப் பின் கற்பு வாழ்க்கை மேற்கொள்கிற நிலையில் பொறுமை காத்தல், விருந்தினரைப் பேணுதல், சுற்றத்தாரைப் பாதுகாத்தல் போன்றவை இல்லாளின் பொறுப்புகளாகின்றன. இவற்றையெல்லாம் இக்கட்டுரை விளக்குகிறது.
Availability and Display of Frozen Foods in Retail Stores in Washington, D.C.
Creators: name: Johnson, Dehard B.
name: Johnson, Dehard B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1954
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: The study reported here is a part of a broader program to appraise the potential market for frozen foods. It is based upon a probability sample of chain and independent stores in Washington, D. C. , which handled frozen foods and had annual sales of over $75,000. Complete information was obtained on the dollar sales for each frozen item handled during a six -week period from August 3 through September 12, 1953. The display space occupied by each item was measured at equal intervals four times during the six -week period. Records were kept on price changes and numbers of packages sold at each price. Frequent observations were made of the condition of frozen food displays and promotional practices. Expected seasonal variations in sales of some items were not brought out in the limited period of these observations. Such factors as store location, type of clientele, and the elusive attributes of management, unfortunately, could not be measured.
Topological mass generation to antisymmetric tensor matter field
Creators: name: Gonzaga, L.
name: Cunha, M. S.
name: Landim, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism to give mass to tensor matter field which preserve the U(1) symmetry. We introduce a complex vector field that couples with the tensor in a topological term. We also analyze the influence of the kinetic terms of the complex vector in our mechanism.
description: 5 pages, to appear in Europhysics Letters
A population analysis of pulse broadening in ASKAP Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Qiu, Hao
name: Shannon, Ryan M.
name: Farah, Wael
name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: Deller, Adam T.
name: Bannister, Keith W.
name: James, Clancy W.
name: Flynn, Chris
name: Day, Cherie K.
name: Bhandari, Shivani
name: Murphy, Tara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pulse morphology of fast radio bursts (FRBs) provides key information in both understanding progenitor physics and the plasma medium through which the burst propagates. We present a study of the profiles of 33 bright FRBs detected by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. We identify seven FRBs with measureable intrinsic pulse widths, including two FRBs that have been seen to repeat. In our modest sample we see no evidence for bimodality in the pulse width distribution. We also identify five FRBs with evidence of millisecond timescale pulse broadening caused by scattering in inhomogeneous plasma. We find no evidence for a relationship between pulse broadening and extragalactic dispersion measure. The scattering could be either caused by extreme turbulence in the host galaxy or chance propagation through foreground galaxies. With future high time resolution observations and detailed study of host galaxy properties we may be able to probe line-of-sight turbulence on gigaparsec scales.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Accepted to MNRAS
Magnetism and the Weiss Exchange Field - A Theoretical Analysis Inspired by Recent Experiments
Creators: name: Albert, C.
name: Ferrari, L.
name: Froehlich, J.
name: Schlein, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The huge spin precession frequency observed in recent experiments with spin-polarized beams of hot electrons shot through magnetized films is interpreted as being caused by Zeeman coupling of the electron spins to the so-called Weiss exchange field in the film. A "Stern-Gerlach experiment" for electrons moving through an inhomogeneous exchange field is proposed. The microscopic origin of exchange interactions and of large mean exchange fields, leading to different types of magnetic order, is elucidated. A microscopic derivation of the equations of motion of the Weiss exchange field is presented. Novel proofs of the existence of phase transitions in quantum XY-models and antiferromagnets, based on an analysis of the statistical distribution of the exchange field, are outlined.
description: 36 pages, 3 figures
THE EFFECTS OF WATER RIGHTS AND IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY ON STREAMFLOW AUGMENTATION COST IN THE SNAKE RIVER BASIN
Creators: name: Willis, David B.
name: Caldas, Jose Vaz
name: Frasier, W. Marshall
name: Wittlesey, Norman K.
name: Hamilton, Joel R.
name: Willis, David B.
name: Caldas, Jose Vaz
name: Frasier, W. Marshall
name: Wittlesey, Norman K.
name: Hamilton, Joel R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Three species of salmon in the Snake River Basin have been listed as endangered. Recovery efforts for these fish include attempts to obtain increased quantities of water during smolt migration periods to improve habitat in the lower basin. Agriculture is the dominant user of surface flows in this region. This study investigates farmer cost of a contingent water contract requiring the agricultural release of stored irrigation supplies in low flow years during critical flow periods. Results show that contingent contracts can provide substantial quantities of water at a relatively modest cost without significantly affecting the agricultural base of the area.
A class of entanglement monotones for general pure multipartite states based on complex projective variety
Creators: name: Heydari, Hoshang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a measure of entanglement for general pure multipartite states based on Segre variety. We also construct a class of entanglement monotones based on the Plücker coordinate equations of the Grassmann variety. Moreover, we discuss and compare these measures of entanglement.
description: 5 pages
Highly tunable ferroelectricity in hybrid improper ferroelectric Sr3Sn2O7
Creators: name: Xu, Xianghan
name: Wang, Yazhong
name: Huang, Fei-Ting
name: Du, Kai
name: Nowadnick, Elizabeth A.
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The successful theoretical prediction and experimental demonstration of hybrid improper ferroelectricity (HIF) provides a new pathway to couple octahedral rotations, ferroelectricity, and magnetism in complex materials. To enable technological applications, a HIF with a small coercive field is desirable. We successfully grow Sr3Sn2O7 single crystals, and discover that they exhibit the smallest electric coercive field at room temperature among all known HIFs. Furthermore, we demonstate that a small external stress can repeatedly erase and re-generate ferroelastic domains. In addition, using in-plane piezo-response force microscopy, we characterize abundant charged and neutral domain walls. The observed small electrical and mechanical coercive field values are in accordance with the results of our first-principles calculations on Sr3Sn2O7, which show low energy barriers for both 90° and 180° polarization switching compared to those in other experimentally demonstrated HIFs. Our findings represent an advance towards the possible technological implemetation of functional HIFs.
description: Accepted by Advanced Functional Materials
The targum (1953:Oct. 2 - 1953:Oct. 30)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1953

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Recipes for spin-based quantum computing
Creators: name: Cerletti, Veronica
name: Coish, W. A.
name: Gywat, Oliver
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Technological growth in the electronics industry has historically been measured by the number of transistors that can be crammed onto a single microchip. Unfortunately, all good things must come to an end; spectacular growth in the number of transistors on a chip requires spectacular reduction of the transistor size. For electrons in semiconductors, the laws of quantum mechanics take over at the nanometre scale, and the conventional wisdom for progress (transistor cramming) must be abandoned. This realization has stimulated extensive research on ways to exploit the spin (in addition to the orbital) degree of freedom of the electron, giving birth to the field of spintronics. Perhaps the most ambitious goal of spintronics is to realize complete control over the quantum mechanical nature of the relevant spins. This prospect has motivated a race to design and build a spintronic device capable of complete control over its quantum mechanical state, and ultimately, performing computations: a quantum computer. In this tutorial we summarize past and very recent developments which point the way to spin-based quantum computing in the solid-state. After introducing a set of basic requirements for any quantum computer proposal, we offer a brief summary of some of the many theoretical proposals for solid-state quantum computers. We then focus on the Loss-DiVincenzo proposal for quantum computing with the spins of electrons confined to quantum dots. There are many obstacles to building such a quantum device. We address these, and survey recent theoretical, and then experimental progress in the field. To conclude the tutorial, we list some as-yet unrealized experiments, which would be crucial for the development of a quantum-dot quantum computer.
description: 45 pages, 12 figures (low-res in preprint, high-res in journal) tutorial review for Nanotechnology; v2: references added and updated, final version to appear in journal
Rendezvous numbers in normed spaces
Creators: name: Farkas, Balint
name: Revesz, Szilard Gy.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31C15 (Primary) 28A12, 54D45 (Secondary)

description: In previous papers, we used abstract potential theory, as developed by Fuglede and Ohtsuka, to a systematic treatment of rendezvous numbers. We introduced energies, Chebyshev constants as two variable set functions, and the modified notion of rendezvous intervals which proved to be rather nicely behaved even for only lower semicontinuous kernels or for not necessarily compact metric spaces. Here we study the rendezvous and average numbers of possibly infinite dimensional normed spaces. It turns out that very general existence and uniqueness results hold for the modified rendezvous numbers in all Banach spaces. We also observe the connections of these "magical numbers" to Chebyshev constants, Chebyshev radius and entropy. Applying the developed notions with the available methods we calculate the rendezvous numbers or rendezvous intervals of certain concrete Banach spaces. In particular, a satisfactory description of the case of L_p spaces is obtained for all p>0.
Supplementary material from A growth model driven by curvature reproduces geometric features of arboreal termite nests
Creators: name: G. Facchini
name: A. Lazarescu
name: A. Perna
name: S. Douady
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60199 Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Detailed description of methods and analysis tools.
Learned and Controlled Autonomous Robotic Exploration in an Extreme, Unknown Environment
Creators: name: Zhu, Frances
name: Elliott, D. Sawyer
name: Yang, ZhiDi
name: Zheng, Haoyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exploring and traversing extreme terrain with surface robots is difficult, but highly desirable for many applications, including exploration of planetary surfaces, search and rescue, among others. For these applications, to ensure the robot can predictably locomote, the interaction between the terrain and vehicle, terramechanics, must be incorporated into the model of the robot's locomotion. Modeling terramechanic effects is difficult and may be impossible in situations where the terrain is not known a priori. For these reasons, learning a terramechanics model online is desirable to increase the predictability of the robot's motion. A problem with previous implementations of learning algorithms is that the terramechanics model and corresponding generated control policies are not easily interpretable or extensible. If the models were of interpretable form, designers could use the learned models to inform vehicle and/or control design changes to refine the robot architecture for future applications. This paper explores a new method for learning a terramechanics model and a control policy using a model-based genetic algorithm. The proposed method yields an interpretable model, which can be analyzed using preexisting analysis methods. The paper provides simulation results that show for a practical application, the genetic algorithm performance is approximately equal to the performance of a state-of-the-art neural network approach, which does not provide an easily interpretable model.
description: Published in: 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference Date of Conference: 2-9 March 2019 Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 20 June 2019
How to measure Pomeron phase and discover odderon at HERA and RHIC
Creators: name: Ginzburg, I. F.
name: Ivanov, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest to measure Pomeron phase and discover odderon via the measurement of charge asymmetry of pions in the diffractive processes $ep\to eπ^+π^- p$, $eA\to eπ^+π^- A$ and in the processes $AA\to AAπ^+π^-$ with two rapidity gaps.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure