Chilimalopsis PARVULA TORO
Creators: name: Rozen, Jerome G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Chilimalopsis

description: CHILIMALOPSIS PARVULA TORO
Figures 28, 37, 38
DIAGNOSIS: The mature larva of this species is similar to that of Teratognatha modesta, below. Both are characterized by their sharply pointed, elongate antennal papilla. Although the antennal papilla of Eremapis parvula is equally elongate, its apex is rounded, thereby different from those of Chilimalopsis parvula and T. modesta. They can be distinguished on the basis of characters in the key. Mandibular apices, particularly of C. parvula and T. modesta, are subject to considerable wear, so that those of younger fifth instars tend to differ from older ones (figs. 37–40).
Head: Integument with spicules on dorsal surface of maxilla, hypopharynx, and with pair of patches of curved, mesad directed spicules on epipharynx; mandibular corium without spicules.
Antennal disc large, its diameter about three-fourths of distance between anterior tentorial pit and disc; antennal papilla cone shaped, sharply pointed, projecting, about as high as basal diameter, and about as long as maxillary palpus.
Mandible as seen in aboral view with upper and lower surfaces from base with narrowest width in vicinity of cusp and then expanding outward before terminating; in predefecating larva (fig. 37) mandible ending in two main teeth, i.e., (1) large dorsal tooth accompanied on each side by several slightly smaller teeth and (2) a smaller, more ventral tooth with several points; teeth 1 and 2 obviously representing general exomalopsines plan of large, longer dorsal tooth and smaller ventral tooth; in postdefecating larva (fig. 38) mandibular apex apparently greatly worn; mandible now ending as rounded apex, sometimes with irregularly scalloped edged, with ventral lobe representing ventral exomalopsine tooth; dorsal apical mandibular edge with regularly spaced, moderate-size teeth that in cuspal area border upper edge of cusp; lower edge of cusp bordered by similar teeth; planar surface of cusp covered with smaller teeth; outer mandibular surface with single seta. Maxillary palpus well developed, about twice as long as basal diameter. Labium clearly divided into prementum and postmentum; labial palpus about half as long as maxillary palpus, its length greater than its basal diameter. Salivary opening with projecting lips, transverse, width about one-half distance between labial palpi. Hypopharynx spiculate but configuration of surface uncertain; hypopharyngeal groove present, distinct.
Body: As illustrated (fig. 28). Subatrium normal in length, consisting of about 12 chambers, decreasing at most only very slightly in outside diameter from body surface inward. Sex characters unknown.
MATERIAL STUDIED: Four postdefecating and many (10+) predefecating larvae: Chile: Elqui Province, 26 km S Vicuña, X-31–XI-10-1992 (J.G. Rozen, E. Chiappa).
REMARKS: Nesting biology of this species is described below.
description: Published as part of Rozen, Jerome G., 2011, Immatures of Exomalopsine Bees with Notes on Nesting Biology and a Tribal Key to Mature Larvae of Noncorbiculate, Nonparasitic Apinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-52 in American Museum Novitates 2011 (3726) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.1206/3726.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4565809