cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Superconducting wide strip photon detector with high critical current bank structure
Creators: name: Yabuno, Masahiro
name: China, Fumihiro
name: Terai, Hirotaka
name: Miki, Shigehito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting strip single-photon detectors offer excellent photon detection performance and are indispensable tools for cutting-edge optical science and technologies, including photonic quantum computation and quantum networks. Ultra-wide superconducting strips with widths of tens of micrometers are desirable to achieve high polarization-independent detection efficiency using a simple straight strip. However, biasing the ultra-wide strip with sufficient superconducting current to make it sensitive to infrared photons is challenging. The main difficulty is maldistribution of the superconducting current in the strip, which generates excessive intrinsic dark counts. Here, we present a novel superconducting wide strip photon detector (SWSPD) with a high critical current bank (HCCB) structure. This HCCB structure enables suppression of the intrinsic dark counts and sufficient superconducting current biasing of the wide strip. We have experimentally demonstrated a polarization-independent system detection efficiency of ~78% for 1550 nm wavelength photons and a system dark count rate of ~80 cps using a 20-$μ$m-wide SWSPD with the HCCB structure. Additionally, fast jitter of 29.8 ps was achieved. The photolithographically manufacturable ultra-wide SWSPD with high efficiency, low dark count, and fast temporal resolution paves the way toward the development of large-scale optical quantum technologies, which will require enormous numbers of ultimate-performance single-photon detectors.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Time-dependent numerical renormalization group method for multiple quenches: towards exact results for the long time limit of thermodynamic observables and spectral functions
Creators: name: Nghiem, H. T. M.
name: Costi, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an alternative time-dependent numerical renormalization group (TDNRG) formalism for multiple quenches and implement it to study the response of a quantum impurity system to a general pulse. Within this approach, we reduce the contribution of the NRG approximation to numerical errors in the time evolution of observables by a formulation that avoids the use of the generalized overlap matrix elements in our previous multiple-quench TDNRG formalism [Nghiem {\em et al.,} Phys. Rev. B {\bf 89}, 075118 (2014); Phys. Rev. B {\bf 90}, 035129 (2014)]. We demonstrate that the formalism yields a smaller cumulative error in the trace of the projected density matrix as a function of time and a smaller discontinuity of local observables between quenches than in our previous approach. Moreover, by increasing the switch-on time, the time between the first and last quench of the discretized pulse, the long-time limit of observables systematically converges to its expected value in the final state, i.e., the more adiabatic the switching, the more accurately is the long-time limit recovered. The present formalism can be straightforwardly extended to infinite switch-on times. We show that this yields highly accurate results for the long-time limit of both thermodynamic observables and spectral functions, and overcomes the significant errors within the single quench formalism [Anders {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 95}, 196801 (2005); Nghiem {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 119}, 156601 (2017)]. This improvement provides a first step towards an accurate description of nonequilibrium steady states of quantum impurity systems, e.g., within the scattering states NRG approach [Anders, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 101}, 066804 (2008)].
description: 15 pages and 10 figures; Additional figures and references added; typos fixed; references fixed
Theoretical analysis of a single and double reflection atom interferometer in a weakly-confining magnetic trap
Creators: name: Stickney, James A.
name: Kafle, Rudra P.
name: Anderson, Dana Z.
name: Zozulya, Alex A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operation of a BEC based atom interferometer, where the atoms are held in a weakly-confining magnetic trap and manipulated with counter-propagating laser beams, is analyzed. A simple analytic model is developed to describe the dynamics of the interferometer. It is used to find the regions of parameter space with high and low contrast of the interference fringes for both single and double reflection interferometers. We demonstrate that for a double reflection interferometer the coherence time can be increased by shifting the recombination time. The theory is compared with recent experimental realizations of these interferometers.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Excitation of coherent optical phonons in iron garnet by femtosecond laser pulses
Creators: name: Khan, Pritam
name: Kanamaru, Masataka
name: Hsu, Wei-Hung
name: Kichise, Minori
name: Fujii, Yasuhiro
name: Koreeda, Akitoshi
name: Satoh, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employed femtosecond pump probe technique to investigate the dynamics of coherent optical phonons in iron garnet. A phenomenological symmetry-based consideration reveals that oscillations of the terahertz T2g mode are excited. Selective excitation by a linearly polarized pump and detection by a circularly polarized probe confirm that impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) is the driving force for the coherent phonons. Experimental results obtained from ISRS measurements reveal excellent agreement with spontaneous Raman spectroscopy data, analyzed by considering the symmetry of the phonon modes and corresponding excitation and detection selection rules.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Multivariate integration of functions depending explicitly on the minimum and the maximum of the variables
Creators: name: Marichal, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26B10, 26B20 (Primary) 60A10 (Secondary)

description: By using some basic calculus of multiple integration, we provide an alternative expression of the integral $$ \int_{]a,b[^n} f(\mathbf{x},\min x_i,\max x_i) d\mathbf{x}, $$ in which the minimum and the maximum are replaced with two single variables. We demonstrate the usefulness of that expression in the computation of orness and andness average values of certain aggregation functions. By generalizing our result to Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, we also provide a method for the calculation of certain expected values and distribution functions.
description: 15 pages
Visualizing the Feature Importance for Black Box Models
Creators: name: Casalicchio, Giuseppe
name: Molnar, Christoph
name: Bischl, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, a large amount of model-agnostic methods to improve the transparency, trustability and interpretability of machine learning models have been developed. We introduce local feature importance as a local version of a recent model-agnostic global feature importance method. Based on local feature importance, we propose two visual tools: partial importance (PI) and individual conditional importance (ICI) plots which visualize how changes in a feature affect the model performance on average, as well as for individual observations. Our proposed methods are related to partial dependence (PD) and individual conditional expectation (ICE) plots, but visualize the expected (conditional) feature importance instead of the expected (conditional) prediction. Furthermore, we show that averaging ICI curves across observations yields a PI curve, and integrating the PI curve with respect to the distribution of the considered feature results in the global feature importance. Another contribution of our paper is the Shapley feature importance, which fairly distributes the overall performance of a model among the features according to the marginal contributions and which can be used to compare the feature importance across different models.
description: To Appear in Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2018, Dublin, Ireland, September 10 to 14, 2018, Proceedings, Part I
Geodesically complete cyclic cosmologies and entropy
Creators: name: Pavlović, Petar
name: Sossich, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that there exists a class of cyclic cosmological models, such that these models can in principle solve the problem of the entropy growth, and are at the same time geodesically complete. We thus show that some recently stated conclusions, according to which cyclic cosmologies solving the problem of entropy growth can not be geodesically complete due to the Borde-Guth-Vilenkin (BGV) theorem, are not justified. We also add a short conceptual discussion on entropy and cyclic cosmology, and present a detailed analysis of entropy density growth during periodic and non-periodic evolution for cyclic cosmologies.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, the major revision has been done and some dubious analysis with entropy free models have been omitted, also the article in this form has been accepted in EPJC
A Virial Theorem for the Kinetic Energy of a Heavy Quark inside Hadrons
Creators: name: Neubert, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formalism of the heavy quark effective theory is used to derive the field-theory analog of the virial theorem, which relates the matrix element of the kinetic energy of a heavy quark inside a hadron to a matrix element of the gluon field strength tensor. The existing QCD sum rule calculations of the kinetic energy are not consistent with this theorem.
description: 10 pages LaTeX, CERN-TH.7070/93
Additional file 4: of Who benefit from school doctors’ health checks: a prospective study of a screening method
Creators: name: Nikander, Kirsi
name: Kosola, Silja
name: Kaila, Minna
name: Hermanson, Elina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Form for identifying concerns (Teacher’s Questionnaire). (PDF 43 kb)
Fundamental groups of topological stacks with slice property
Creators: name: Noohi, Behrang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22F05; 22A22; 54H15; 57S

description: The main result of the paper is a formula for the fundamental group of the coarse moduli space of a topological stack. As an application, we find simple general formulas for the fundamental group of the coarse quotient of a group action on a topological space in terms of the fixed point data. The formulas seem, surprisingly, to be new. In particular, we recover, and vastly generalize, results of Armstrong, Bass, Higgins, Rhodes.
title: An analysis of the motivations of long-distance walkers : segmenting walkers on the West Highland Way
Creators: name: Murdy, Samantha
name: Johnstone, Jane
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2025

description: Long-distance recreational walking has surged in popularity post-COVID, with trails facilitating nature-based tourism experiences. Understanding walker motivations is important for effective trail management, especially given the increasing numbers and the need to develop strategies to conserve these destinations. This study examines the motivations of 238 walkers undertaking a long-distance trail, specifically the West Highland Way in Scotland. A survey was conducted using social media and QR codes along the trail. Factor-cluster analysis is used to identify walker segments and consider their motivations for undertaking the trail. Five motivational constructs emerged: spiritual motivations, sites and education, new people and places, outdoor experience, and fulfilment of promise or tradition. Notably, the route lacked religious associations, contrasting with other studies on long-distance trails. Differences between segments were minor; however, domestic walkers exhibited higher motivations to fulfil promises and traditions, likely aligned with psychological and sociological factors.
Test MM Type B by DHAI (Project) (2021) | Type-B (ID n° 458)
Creators: name: DHAI, Project
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Astronomy
History of astronomy
DISHAS
Astronomical table

description: This is a type B edition: A type-B edition corresponds to a critical edition of several table witnesses:
 it is based on several different editions, themselves based on tables from different primary sources.
 A type-B edition can be based on type-A, type-B or type-C editions.
You can find it on the DISHAS project website from this link: https://dishas.obspm.fr/table-edition/458
Development of Si-CMOS hybrid detectors towards electron tracking based Compton imaging in semiconductor detectors
Creators: name: Yoneda, Hiroki
name: Saito, Shinya
name: Watanabe, Shin
name: Ikeda, Hirokazu
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron tracking based Compton imaging is a key technique to improve the sensitivity of Compton cameras by measuring the initial direction of recoiled electrons. To realize this technique in semiconductor Compton cameras, we propose a new detector concept, Si-CMOS hybrid detector. It is a Si detector bump-bonded to a CMOS readout integrated circuit to obtain electron trajectory images. To acquire the energy and the event timing, signals from N-side are also read out in this concept. By using an ASIC for the N-side readout, the timing resolution of few us is achieved. In this paper, we present the results of two prototypes with 20 um pitch pixels. The images of the recoiled electron trajectories are obtained with them successfully. The energy resolutions (FWHM) are 4.1 keV (CMOS) and 1.4 keV (N-side) at 59.5 keV. In addition, we confirmed that the initial direction of the electron is determined using the reconstruction algorithm based on the graph theory approach. These results show that Si-CMOS hybrid detectors can be used for electron tracking based Compton imaging.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, NDIP 2017 Proceedings, accepted to Nuc. Inst. Methods A
Suppression of Tunneling in a Superconducting Persistent-Current Qubit
Creators: name: Tiwari, Rakesh P.
name: Stroud, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a superconducting persistent-current qubit consisting of a three-junction superconducting loop in an applied magnetic field. We show that by choosing the field, Josephson couplings, and offset charges suitably, we can perfectly suppress the tunneling between two oppositely directed states of circulating current, leading to a vanishing of the splitting between the two qubit states. The suppression arises for interference between tunneling along different paths, and is analogous to that predicted previously for magnetic particles with half-integer spin.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Additional File 3:
Creators: name: Chase, Thomas
name: Julius, Adam
name: Joht Chandan
name: Powell, Emily
name: Hall, Charles
name: Phillips, Benedict
name: Burnett, Ryan
name: Gill, Deborah
name: Bimbi Fernando
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Appendix S3. Full list of questions in post-survey questionnaire. (DOCX 95 kb)
A limit theorem for a class of stationary increments Lévy moving average process with multiple singularities
Creators: name: Ljungdahl, Mathias Mørck
name: Podolskij, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we present some new limit theorems for power variations of stationary increment Lévy driven moving average processes. Recently, such asymptotic results have been investigated in [Ann. Probab. 45(6B) (2017), 4477--4528, Festschrift for Bernt Øksendal, Stochastics 81(1) (2017), 360--383] under the assumption that the kernel function potentially exhibits a singular behaviour at $0$. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how some of the results change when the kernel function has multiple singularity points. Our paper is also related to the article [Stoch. Process. Appl. 125(2) (2014), 653--677] that studied the same mathematical question for the class of Brownian semi-stationary models.
description: Published at https://doi.org/10.15559/18-VMSTA111 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
Classification of complete Finsler manifolds through a second order differential equation
Creators: name: Asanjarani, A.
name: Bidabad, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C60; 58B20

description: By using a certain second order differential equation, the notion of adapted coordinates on Finsler manifolds is defined and some classifications of complete Finsler manifolds are found. Some examples of Finsler metrics, with positive constant sectional curvature, not necessarily of Randers type nor projectively flat, are found. This work generalizes some results in Riemannian geometry and open up, a vast area of research on Finsler geometry.
title: Highly clumpy structure of the thermal composite supernova remnant 3C 391 unveiled by Chandra
Creators: name: Chen, Y
name: Su, Y
name: Slane, PO
name: Wang, QD
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V3S-4FD79HW-K&_user=1516330&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000053443&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1516330&md5=0ad53aba0aa8032f755b7c12f8b88631&searchtype=a
description: The nature of the internal thermal X-ray emission seen in “thermal composite” supernova remnants is still uncertain. Chandra observation of the 3C391 shows a southeast–northwest elongated morphology and unveils a highly clumpy structure of the remnant. Detailed spatially resolved spectral analysis for the small-scale features reveals normal metal abundance and uniform temperature for the interior gas. The properties of the hot gas comparatively favor the cloudlet evaporation model as a main mechanism for the “thermal composite” X-ray appearance, though radiative rim and thermal conduction may also be effective. A faint protrusion is found in Si and S lines out of the southwest radio border.
Plan in 2D, execute in 3D: An augmented reality solution for cup placement in total hip arthroplasty
Creators: name: Fotouhi, Javad
name: Alexander, Clayton P.
name: Unberath, Mathias
name: Taylor, Giacomo
name: Lee, Sing Chun
name: Fuerst, Bernhard
name: Johnson, Alex
name: Osgood, Greg
name: Taylor, Russell H.
name: Khanuja, Harpal
name: Armand, Mehran
name: Navab, Nassir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reproducibly achieving proper implant alignment is a critical step in total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures that has been shown to substantially affect patient outcome. In current practice, correct alignment of the acetabular cup is verified in C-arm X-ray images that are acquired in an anterior-posterior (AP) view. Favorable surgical outcome is, therefore, heavily dependent on the surgeon's experience in understanding the 3D orientation of a hemispheric implant from 2D AP projection images. This work proposes an easy to use intra-operative component planning system based on two C-arm X-ray images that is combined with 3D augmented reality (AR) visualization that simplifies impactor and cup placement according to the planning by providing a real-time RGBD data overlay. We evaluate the feasibility of our system in a user study comprising four orthopedic surgeons at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, and also report errors in translation, anteversion, and abduction as low as 1.98 mm, 1.10 degrees, and 0.53 degrees, respectively. The promising performance of this AR solution shows that deploying this system could eliminate the need for excessive radiation, simplify the intervention, and enable reproducibly accurate placement of acetabular implants.
Additional file 16: of Identification of putative regulatory regions and transcription factors associated with intramuscular fat content traits
Creators: name: Cesar, Aline
name: Regitano, Luciana
name: Reecy, James
name: Mirele Poleti
name: Oliveira, Priscila
name: Oliveira, Gabriella De
name: Moreira, Gabriel
name: Mudadu, Maurício
name: Polyana Tizioto
name: Koltes, James
name: Elyn Fritz-Waters
name: Kramer, Luke
name: Garrick, Dorian
name: Beiki, Hamid
name: Geistlinger, Ludwig
name: Mourão, Gerson
name: Adhemar Zerlotini
name: Luiz Coutinho
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Over-represented TFBS motifs of: (A) EGR4 (NGFI-C aliases), (B) RUNX1 and (C) USF1 in genes into hotspot eQTL regions. (DOCX 240 kb)
On quantum backpropagation, information reuse, and cheating measurement collapse
Creators: name: Abbas, Amira
name: King, Robbie
name: Huang, Hsin-Yuan
name: Huggins, William J.
name: Movassagh, Ramis
name: Gilboa, Dar
name: McClean, Jarrod R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The success of modern deep learning hinges on the ability to train neural networks at scale. Through clever reuse of intermediate information, backpropagation facilitates training through gradient computation at a total cost roughly proportional to running the function, rather than incurring an additional factor proportional to the number of parameters - which can now be in the trillions. Naively, one expects that quantum measurement collapse entirely rules out the reuse of quantum information as in backpropagation. But recent developments in shadow tomography, which assumes access to multiple copies of a quantum state, have challenged that notion. Here, we investigate whether parameterized quantum models can train as efficiently as classical neural networks. We show that achieving backpropagation scaling is impossible without access to multiple copies of a state. With this added ability, we introduce an algorithm with foundations in shadow tomography that matches backpropagation scaling in quantum resources while reducing classical auxiliary computational costs to open problems in shadow tomography. These results highlight the nuance of reusing quantum information for practical purposes and clarify the unique difficulties in training large quantum models, which could alter the course of quantum machine learning.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures
Baryon decuplet mass relations in chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Lebed, Richard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryon decuplet masses within an $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R$ chiral Lagrangian formalism are found to satisfy four relations at second order in flavor breaking. As a result, the one-loop corrections from Lagrangian terms up to first order in flavor breaking are observed to give finite and calculable corrections to these relations. The formal expressions for these corrections are presented, followed by numerical evaluations. We find consistency between the experimental values of breaking of the relations and the loop corrections of these relations as predicted by chiral perturbation theory.
description: 33 pages in LaTeX, 2 figures included in one Postscript uuencoded compressed tar file, LBL-34704 and UCB-PTH-93/27
Affine quadrics and the Picard group of the motivic category
Creators: name: Vishik, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C15, 11E04, 14C25

description: In this article we study the subgroup of the Picard group of Voevodsky's category of geometric motives generated by the reduced motives of affine quadrics. Our main tools here are the functors of Bachmann, but we also provide an alternative method. We show that the group in question can be described in terms of indecomposable direct summands in the motives of projective quadrics. In particular, we describe all the relations among the reduced motives of affine quadrics. We also extend the Criterion of motivic equivalence of projective quadrics.
description: Compositio Mathematica, to appear
‘I’m not managing it; it’s managing me’: a qualitative investigation of Australian parents’ and carers’ alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Cook, Megan
name: Dwyer, Robyn
name: Kuntsche, Sandra
name: Callinan, Sarah
name: Pennay, Amy
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The coronavirus pandemic has brought significant changes to people’s lives. Research indicates parents and carers faced particular challenges and were one of the few groups reported in survey data to increase their alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Drawing on interviews with 30 Australian parents and carers of young children, and using a family practices approach, we explore how participants considered their alcohol practices as entangled with, or affected by, their family dynamics and their role as carers during the pandemic. Drinking practices during COVID-19 vary across the sample, with some participants increasing their consumption and others reducing it. Participants' accounts show how drinking was constructed as rewarding, pleasurable, and relaxing, while for others it was associated with guilt and heightened stress. The complex reflections on alcohol consumption were shaped by circumstances unique to the pandemic, including an absence of alternative leisure options, new stresses, increased bodily density and sharing of space, and new forms of care/emotional responsibilities. Findings highlight the ways the pandemic aggravated existing tensions, which in turn were shaped by and entangled with their alcohol consumption, and illustrate how consumption may have been productive, potentially with few repercussions for them and their families.
Derivation of the 1d Gross-Pitaevskii equation from the 3d quantum many-body dynamics of strongly confined bosons
Creators: name: Boßmann, Lea
name: Teufel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dynamics of $N$ interacting bosons initially forming a Bose-Einstein condensate. Due to an external trapping potential, the bosons are strongly confined in two dimensions, where the transverse extension of the trap is of order $\varepsilon$. The non-negative interaction potential is scaled such that its range and its scattering length are both of order $(N/\varepsilon^2)^{-1}$, corresponding to the Gross-Pitaevskii scaling of a dilute Bose gas. We show that in the simultaneous limit $N\rightarrow\infty$ and $\varepsilon\rightarrow 0$, the dynamics preserve condensation and the time evolution is asymptotically described by a Gross-Pitaevskii equation in one dimension. The strength of the nonlinearity is given by the scattering length of the unscaled interaction, multiplied with a factor depending on the shape of the confining potential. For our analysis, we adapt a method by Pickl to the problem with dimensional reduction and rely on the derivation of the one-dimensional NLS equation for interactions with softer scaling behaviour.
description: v3:This version is to appear in Annales Henri Poincare; v2:Gap in the argument closed; improved presentation of the results
Cosmic Ray Propagation: Nonlinear Diffusion Parallel and Perpendicular to Mean Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Yan, Huirong
name: Lazarian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the propagation of cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields. We use the models of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence that were tested in numerical simulations, in which the turbulence is injected on large scale and cascades to small scales. Our attention is focused on the models of the strong turbulence, but we also briefly discuss the effects that the weak turbulence and the slab Alfvénic perturbations can have. The latter are likely to emerge as a result of instabilities with in the cosmic ray fluid itself, e.g., beaming and gyroresonance instabilities of cosmic rays. To describe the interaction of cosmic rays with magnetic perturbations we develop a non-linear formalism that extends the ordinary Quasi-Linear Theory (QLT) that is routinely used for the purpose. This allows us to avoid the usual problem of 90 degree scattering and enable our computation of the mean free path of cosmic rays. We apply the formalism to the cosmic ray propagation in the galactic halo and in the Warm Ionized medium (WIM). In addition, we address the issue of the transport of cosmic rays perpendicular to the mean magnetic field and show that the issue of cosmic ray subdiffusion (i.e., propagation with retracing the trajectories backwards, which slows down the diffusion) is only important for restricted cases when the ambient turbulence is far from what numerical simulations suggest to us. As a result, this work provides formalism that can be applied for calculating cosmic ray propagation in a wide variety of circumstances.
description: minor changes, accepted to ApJ
A two-armed pattern in flickering maps of the nova-like variable UU Aquarii
Creators: name: Baptista, Raymundo
name: Bortoletto, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the analysis of a uniform sample of 31 light curves of the nova-like variable UU Aqr with eclipse mapping techniques. The data were combined to derive eclipse maps of the average steady-light component, the long-term brightness changes, and low- and high-frequency flickering components. The long-term variability responsible for the 'low' and 'high' brightness states is explained in terms of the response of a viscous disk to changes of 20-50 per cent in the mass transfer rate from the donor star. Low- and high-frequency flickering maps are dominated by emission from two asymmetric arcs reminiscent of those seen in the outbursting dwarf nova IP Peg, and are similarly interpreted as manifestation of a tidally-induced spiral shock wave in the outer regions of a large accretion disk. The asymmetric arcs are also seen in the map of the steady-light aside of the broad brightness distribution of a roughly steady-state disk. The arcs account for 25 per cent of the steady-light flux and are a long-lasting feature in the accretion disk of UU Aqr. We infer an opening angle of 10+/-3 degrees for the spiral arcs. The results suggest that the flickering in UU Aqr is caused by turbulence generated after the collision of disk gas with the density-enhanced spiral wave in the accretion disk.
description: 16 pages, 5 postscript and 1 jpg figures, coded with aastex macro package. Accepted for publication at the Astrophysical Journal, Part 1
Additional file 9: of Identification of sonic hedgehog-regulated genes and biological processes in the cranial neural crest mesenchyme by comparative transcriptomics
Creators: name: Everson, Joshua
name: Fink, Dustin
name: Chung, Hannah
name: Sun, Miranda
name: Lipinski, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 RNA quality results for in vitro and in vivo samples. (PDF 215 kb)
Probing the Intrinsic Shape and Alignment of Dark Matter Haloes using SDSS Galaxy Groups
Creators: name: Wang, Yougang
name: Yang, Xiaohu
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Li, Cheng
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Fan, Zuhui
name: Chen, Xuelei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the three-dimensional and projected shapes of galaxy groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4, and examine the alignment between the orientation of the central galaxy and the spatial distribution of satellite galaxies. The projected ellipticity of a group is measured using the moments of the discrete distribution of its member galaxies. We infer the three-dimensional and projected axis ratios of their dark matter haloes by comparing the measured ellipticity distributions with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of projected, triaxial dark matter haloes with different axis ratios. We find that the halo shape has a strong dependence on the halo mass. While the haloes of low-mass groups are nearly spherical, those of massive groups tend to be prolate. For groups containing at least four members, the statistical distribution of their measured ellipticities does not have a strong dependence on the colors of their central galaxies. Our analysis further shows that the average three-dimensional axis ratio for haloes with $12
description: 13 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Persistent magnetic vortex flow at a supergranular vertex
Creators: name: Requerey, Iker S.
name: Cobo, Basilio Ruiz
name: Gošić, Milan
name: Rubio, Luis R. Bellot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photospheric vortex flows are thought to play a key role in the evolution of magnetic fields. Recent studies show that these swirling motions are ubiquitous in the solar surface convection and occur in a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Their interplay with magnetic fields is poorly characterized, however. We study the relation between a persistent photospheric vortex flow and the evolution of a network magnetic element at a supergranular vertex. We used long-duration sequences of continuum intensity images acquired with Hinode and the local correlation-tracking method to derive the horizontal photospheric flows. Supergranular cells are detected as large-scale divergence structures in the flow maps. At their vertices, and cospatial with network magnetic elements, the velocity flows converge on a central point. One of these converging flows is observed as a vortex during the whole 24 h time series. It consists of three consecutive vortices that appear nearly at the same location. At their core, a network magnetic element is also detected. Its evolution is strongly correlated to that of the vortices. The magnetic feature is concentrated and evacuated when it is caught by the vortices and is weakened and fragmented after the whirls disappear. This evolutionary behavior supports the picture presented previously, where a small flux tube becomes stable when it is surrounded by a vortex flow.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 3: of Who benefit from school doctors’ health checks: a prospective study of a screening method
Creators: name: Nikander, Kirsi
name: Kosola, Silja
name: Kaila, Minna
name: Hermanson, Elina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Form for identifying concerns (Nurse’s Questionnaire). (PDF 43 kb)
Robust Imaging Sonar-based Place Recognition and Localization in Underwater Environments
Creators: name: Kim, Hogyun
name: Kang, Gilhwan
name: Jeong, Seokhwan
name: Ma, Seungjun
name: Cho, Younggun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Place recognition using SOund Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) images is an important task for simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) in underwater environments. This paper proposes a robust and efficient imaging SONAR based place recognition, SONAR context, and loop closure method. Unlike previous methods, our approach encodes geometric information based on the characteristics of raw SONAR measurements without prior knowledge or training. We also design a hierarchical searching procedure for fast retrieval of candidate SONAR frames and apply adaptive shifting and padding to achieve robust matching on rotation and translation changes. In addition, we can derive the initial pose through adaptive shifting and apply it to the iterative closest point (ICP) based loop closure factor. We evaluate the performance of SONAR context in the various underwater sequences such as simulated open water, real water tank, and real underwater environments. The proposed approach shows the robustness and improvements of place recognition on various datasets and evaluation metrics. Supplementary materials are available at https://github.com/sparolab/sonar_context.git.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Collective motion of self-propelled particles interacting without cohesion
Creators: name: Chaté, Hugues
name: Ginelli, Francesco
name: Grégoire, Guillaume
name: Raynaud, Franck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of Vicsek-style self-propelled particle models in two and three space dimensions. The onset of collective motion in such stochastic models with only local alignment interactions is studied in detail and shown to be discontinuous (first-order like). The properties of the ordered, collectively moving phase are investigated. In a large domain of parameter space including the transition region, well-defined high-density and high-order propagating solitary structures are shown to dominate the dynamics. Far enough from the transition region, on the other hand, these objects are not present. A statistically-homogeneous ordered phase is then observed, which is characterized by anomalously-strong density fluctuations, superdiffusion, and strong intermittency.
description: Submitted to Physical Review E
Axions in a highly protected gauge symmetry model
Creators: name: Bonnefoy, Quentin
name: Dudas, Emilian
name: Pokorski, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study QCD axion or cosmological axion-like particles (ALPs) in a model inspired by the recent interest in 4-dimensional clockwork models, with the global symmetry being accidentally enforced by a gauge abelian quiver with scalar bifundamental fields. For the QCD axion, we analyze the connection between the degree of protection of the axion mass against gravitational corrections, the explanation of the hierarchy $f_a \ll M_P$ and the number of colored fermions needed to generate anomalous couplings to gluons, all linked together by the underlying gauge symmetries. Based on that model and on the comparison with earlier models in the literature, we derive certain general conclusions on QCD axion models that use accidental global symmetries. For the ALPs, assuming that their mass is solely given by gravitational corrections, we identify the parameter space where the decay constant and the mass are consistent with the DM abundance, and we show that this clockwork-inspired model is a particularly economical model for a very light ALP DM candidate.
description: Version accepted in EPJC. Discussion extended in the introduction and in section 3.2. 13 pages + appendices, 7 Figures
Fingerprints of Berry phases in the bulk exciton spectrum of a topological insulator
Creators: name: Allocca, Andrew A.
name: Efimkin, Dmitry K.
name: Galitski, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine excitons formed in the bulk of a topological insulator as the system is tuned via a parameter between topological and trivial insulating phases, arguing that nontrivial topology has fingerprints in the spectrum of these excitons. The closely related hydrogen atom problem is well known to have a degeneracy due to a hidden symmetry, and the changes to the excitonic spectrum that we find can be understood as a result of breaking of this underlying symmetry due to the Berry phase. Furthermore, this phase is found to affect the spectrum in the topological parameter regime much more strongly than in the trivial regime. We first construct a semiclassical model of the system to develop qualitative intuition for the effects at play, then move to a more robust numerical simulation of the full quantum system, working with the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model of a 2D topological insulator.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
A Prototype Scintillator Real-Time Beam Monitor for Ultra-high Dose Rate Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Levin, Daniel S.
name: Friedman, Peter S.
name: Ferretti, Claudio
name: Ristow, Nicholas
name: Tecchio, Monica
name: Litzenberg, Dale W.
name: Bashkirov, Vladimir
name: Schulte, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FLASH Radiotherapy (RT) is a potentially new cancer radiotherapy technique where an entire therapeutic dose is delivered in about 0.1 s and at ~1000 times higher dose rate than in conventional RT. For clinical trials to be conducted safely, precise and fast beam monitoring that can generate an out-of-tolerance beam interrupt is required. A FLASH Beam Scintillator Monitor (FBSM) is being developed based in part on a novel proprietary inorganic hybrid scintillator material. The FBSM provides large area coverage, low mass profile, linear response over a broad dynamic range, radiation tolerance, and real-time analysis IEC-compliant fast beam-interrupt signal. This paper includes the design concept and test results from a prototype device in radiation beams that include heavy ions, FLASH level dose per pulse electron beams, anda hospital radiotherapy clinic with electron beams. Results include image quality, response linearity, radiation hardness, spatial resolution, and real-time data processing. The scintillator showed a small -0.02%/kGy signal decrease after a 212 kGy cumulative dose resulting from continuous exposure for 15 minutes at a FLASH compatible dose rate of 234 Gy/s. These tests established the linear response of the FBSM with respect to dose per pulse. Comparison with commercial Gafchromic film indicates that the FBSM produces a high resolution 2D beam image and can reproduce a nearly identical beam profile. At 20 kfps or 50 microsec/frame, the real-time FPGA based computation and analysis of beam position, beam shape, and beam dose takes < 1 microsec.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures
The Effects of Fourth Generation on the double Lepton Polarization in B \rar K \ell^+ \ell^- decay
Creators: name: Bashiry, V.
name: Zebarjad, S. M.
name: Falahati, F.
name: Azizi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigates the influence of the fourth generation quarks on the double lepton polarizations in B \rar K \ell^+ \ell^- decay. Taking |V_{t's}V_{t'b}|\sim \{0.01-0.03\} with phase about 100^\circ, which is consistent with the b\to s\ell^+\ell^- rate and the B_s mixing parameter Delta m_{B_s}$, we obtain that the double lepton(muon and tau) polarizations are quite sensitive to the existence of fourth generation. It can serve as a good tool to search for new physics effects, precisely, to indirect search for the fourth generation quarks(t', b').
description: 30 pages, 27 figures