cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmological Perturbations in Palatini Formalism
Creators: name: Kubota, Mio
name: Oda, Kin-ya
name: Shimada, Keigo
name: Yamaguchi, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate cosmological perturbations of scalar-tensor theories in Palatini formalism. First we introduce an action where the Ricci scalar is conformally coupled to a function of a scalar field and its kinetic term and there is also a k-essence term consisting of the scalar and its kinetic term. This action has three frames that are equivalent to one another: the original Jordan frame, the Einstein frame where the metric is redefined, and the Riemann frame where the connection is redefined. For the first time in the literature, we calculate the quadratic action and the sound speed of scalar and tensor perturbations in three different frames and show explicitly that they coincide. Furthermore, we show that for such action the sound speed of gravitational waves is unity. Thus, this model serves as dark energy as well as an inflaton even though the presence of the dependence of the kinetic term of a scalar field in the non-minimal coupling, different from the case in metric formalism. We then proceed to construct the L3 action called Galileon terms in Palatini formalism and compute its perturbations. We found that there are essentially 10 different(inequivalent) definitions in Palatini formalism for a given Galileon term in metric formalism. We also see that,in general, the L3 terms have a ghost due to Ostrogradsky instability and the sound speed of gravitational waves could potentially deviate from unity, in sharp contrast with the case of metric formalism. Interestingly, once we eliminate such a ghost, the sound speed of gravitational waves also becomes unity. Thus, the ghost-free L3 terms in Palatini formalism can still serve as dark energy as well as an inflaton, like the case in metric formalism.
description: 29 pages, Comments welcome!
LONGITUDINAL VARIABILITY IN STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY AND CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN RESTORED AND DEGRADED URBAN STREAM NETWORKS
Creators: name: Stanko, Gwendolyn Marie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: carbon
longitudinal variability
monitoring
nitrogen
stream restoration
urban

description: Stream restoration has increasingly been used as a best management practice for improving water quality in urbanizing watersheds, yet few data exist to assess restoration effectiveness.  This study examined the longitudinal patterns in carbon and nitrogen concentrations and mass balance in two restored (Minebank Run and Spring Branch) and two unrestored (Powder Mill Run and Dead Run) stream networks in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.  Longitudinal synoptic sampling showed that there could be considerable reach-scale variability in biogeochemistry (e.g., total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), cations, pH, oxidation/reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and temperature).  TDN concentrations were typically higher than DOC in restored streams, but the opposite pattern was observed in unrestored streams.  Mass balances in restored stream networks showed net uptake of TDN across subreaches (mean net uptake rate of TDN across sampling dates for Minebank Run and Spring Branch was 420.3 ± 312.2 and 821.8 ± 570.3 mg m-2d-1, respectively).  There was net release of DOC in the restored streams (1344.0 ± 1062.9 and 1017.0 ± 944.5 mg m-2d-1 for Minebank Run and Spring Branch, respectively).  Conversely, degraded streams, Powder Mill Run and Dead Run showed mean net release of TDN across sampling dates (629.2 ± 167.5 and 327.1 ± 134.5 mg m-2d-1, respectively) and net uptake of DOC (1642.3 ± 505.0 and 233.7 ± 125.1 mg m-2d-1, respectively).  Assessment of restoration effectiveness depends strongly on where monitoring is conducted along the stream network.  There can be substantial C and N transformations in stream networks with hydrologically connected floodplain and pond features.  Monitoring beyond the small stream-reach scale is necessary for a complete perspective of evaluation of biogeochemical function in restored and degraded urban streams.
Self-concept and intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation of deaf secondary students in different educational settings
Creators: name: Van Gurp, Susan Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: With the move toward de-segregation of all special groups of students, more deaf students are attending regular school classes and some segregated schools have closed. Resource programs located in regular schools continue to grow and new programs, such as the "congregated"-setting, have been established. In order to make informed decisions regarding future program development and student placement, current research is needed. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of these educational settings on the self-concept and intrinsic / extrinsic (I/E) orientation of deaf secondary students. Previous research examining self-concept of deaf students in different school settings is more than 15 years old and used measures based on a uni-dimensional theory. The current study is the first to examine specific dimensions of self-concept using a multidimensional measure and the I/E orientation of this special population. Therefore, relationships among dimensions of these constructs were investigated. In this study, the Self-Description Questionnaire (Marsh, 1986) and the Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Orientation in the Classroom (Harter, 1980) were linguistically modified and sign language videos produced for those using sign communication. Ninety-one students from segregated, congregated, resource, and itinerant programs participated in the present study. Examining dimensions of self-concept, the results identified academic advantages in attending resource programs and social advantages in attending segregated settings. The lower scores of those attending the congregated setting may be due to the fact that this setting has recently been established and the students are experiencing negative effects of the change from a small segregated school to a large one in which they are a minority. Overall, deaf students who are integrated with hearing students have a more internal orientation and better self-perceptions of reading ability. Continued research is warranted to replicate these findings and to determine if the largely negative results from the congregated setting are merely an artifact of transition. Additional analyses with subsamples of deaf students found no significant differences between those with deaf or those with hearing parents, nor between those using aural/oral or sign communication in any dimension of self-concept or I/E orientation.
Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among African Americans and Whites: Prevalence, Symptom Patterns and Coping Resources
Creators: name: Pollard, Shauna
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: African Americans
Blacks
Coping
Depressive symptoms
Race
Socioeconomic Status

description: Racial differences in self-reported depressive symptomatology have been inconsistent. The current study examined potential interactive relations of race (Black and White) and SES (i.e., poverty status) to the magnitude and patterns of depressive symptoms with adjustment for potentially important confounding variables. Also examined were racial differences in the use of culturally-relevant coping resources, and whether these coping resources were differentially protective against depression in Blacks and Whites. Participants were 2,440  socioeconomically diverse men and women drawn from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Disparities across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (58% Black) had completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression scale (CES-D). After covariate adjustment, multiple regression analyses revealed no significant interactions of race and poverty status, or main effects of race with respect to depressive symptoms. However, participants living in poverty displayed significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms, and clinically significant depression, than those above the poverty line (p's < .05); these findings were only apparent in women in exploratory analyses. No significant associations were noted for race or the interaction of race and poverty status for the depressive affect, somatic complaints, or interpersonal problems subscales of the CES-D. However, Black participants reported significantly higher levels of positive affect than Whites (p < .05), but in women only. Additionally, participants living in poverty reported significantly higher levels of somatic complaints and depressive affect and less positive affect than those above the poverty line (p's < .05). Blacks reported significantly higher levels of social support, religious coping and ethnic identity than Whites (p's < .05). Participants living in poverty reported less emotional support and religious coping than those above the poverty line (p's < .05). However, coping resources did not moderate the relations of race to depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses revealed that non-poverty Blacks who reported greater ethnic identity scores had fewer depressive symptoms. Results suggest complex associations among race, poverty status, and sex with respect to depressive symptoms and relevant coping resources. Poverty status may confer risk for depressive symptoms among women. Findings may point to the potential for positive adaptation among African Americans, particularly women.
Details of data collection from Should I stay or should I go? How activity synchronization affects fission decisions
Creators: name: Busia, Laura
name: Schaffner, Colleen M.
name: Aureli, Filippo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Group living animals need to deal with conflicting interests to maintain cohesion. When the costs of doing so outweigh the benefits, the group may (temporarily) split into two or more subgroups. Conflicting interests can concern the activity to pursue or the direction of travel. Temporary group separation is a common feature in species with a high degree of fission–fusion dynamics. We investigated the role activity synchronization played in fission decisions in a spider monkey group living in the Otoch Ma'ax Yetel Kooh Nature Reserve, Yucatan, Mexico. For 21 months, we recorded every fission event occurring in the followed subgroup, as well as the subgroup activity. We classified the activity as ‘synchronized’ when at least, the 75% of subgroup members performed the same activity (resting, foraging, socializing or travelling); otherwise, we classified it as ‘non-synchronized’. We found that fission events occurred more often when the activity was non-synchronized. In addition, when the activity was synchronized, fission events occurred more often when spider monkeys were travelling than when they engaged in other subgroup activities. Our findings highlight the role of conflicting interests over the activity to pursue and travel direction on fission decisions.
Surface corrugated laminates as elastic grating couplers: splitting of SV- and P-waves by selective diffraction
Creators: name: Chaplain, Gregory J.
name: Craster, Richard V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of selective diffraction is extended to in-plane elastic waves and we design surface corrugated periodic laminates that incorporate crystal momentum transfer which, due to the rich physics embedded within the vector elastic system, results in frequency, angle and wave-type selective diffraction. The resulting devices are elastic grating couplers, with additional capabilities as compared to analogous scalar electromagnetic couplers, in that the elastic couplers possess the ability to split and independently redirect, through selective negative refraction, the two body waves present in the vector elastic system: compressional (P) and shear-vertical (SV) elastic waves. The design paradigm, and interpretation, is aided by obtaining isofrequency contours via a non-dimensionalised transfer matrix method.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
The Optimism to Overcome: Educational Beliefs and Strategies Of Resilience Among African American College Graduates Who Are Former Teenage Mothers.
Creators: name: Trusty-Smith, Beshon
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Adolescent childbearing and post-secondary education
Adolescent mothers and resiliency
African American teen moms and education
Teenage Mothers and education
Teen pregnancy and college
Teen pregnancy and resilience

description: The purpose of this study is to examine the real-life experiences and narratives of African American, former teenage mothers who have earned college degrees. The Resiliency theory and the Intersectionality paradigm provide the framework for this qualitative research study. The Resilience theory explores the processes employed by the women in this study to successfully balance the multiple demands of being a parenting-student. Through the lens of Intersectionality, this study examines how issues of race, class and gender impacted the academic trajectories of African American, former teenage mothers. The 20 women in this study participated in an interview about their experiences as students before, during and after their first childbirth. In addition, the women discussed the impact motherhood had on their academic ambitions.  The data first reveals that the attitudes, beliefs and values held about education by the women were not negatively impacted by their pregnancies or childbirth. Instead, early childbearing strengthened their desire to academically excel. In addition, this research shows that the women utilized a variety of strategies of resilience created by both their internal support systems and offered by external structural opportunities, as they successfully managed the numerous and sometimes competing demands of being parenting-students. Lastly, the study examines the psychosocial impact of academic success and social mobility on these women.
Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602
Creators: name: Bouma, L. G.
name: Hartman, J. D.
name: Brahm, R.
name: Evans, P.
name: Collins, K. A.
name: Zhou, G.
name: Sarkis, P.
name: Quinn, S. N.
name: de Leon, J.
name: Livingston, J.
name: Bergmann, C.
name: Stassun, K. G.
name: Bhatti, W.
name: Winn, J. N.
name: Bakos, G. Á
name: Abe, L.
name: Crouzet, N.
name: Dransfield, G.
name: Guillot, T.
name: Marie-Sainte, W.
name: Mékarnia, D.
name: Triaud, A. H. M. J.
name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Henning, T.
name: Espinoza, N.
name: Jordán, A.
name: Barbieri, M.
name: Nandakumar, S.
name: Trifonov, T.
name: Vines, J. I.
name: Vuckovic, M.
name: Ziegler, C.
name: Law, N.
name: Mann, A. W.
name: Ricker, G. R.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Seager, S.
name: Jenkins, J. M.
name: Burke, C. J.
name: Dragomir, D.
name: Levine, A. M.
name: Quintana, E. V.
name: Rodriguez, J. E.
name: Smith, J. C.
name: Wohler, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of TOI 837b and its validation as a transiting planet. We characterize the system using data from the NASA TESS mission, the ESA Gaia mission, ground-based photometry from El Sauce and ASTEP400, and spectroscopy from CHIRON, FEROS, and Veloce. We find that TOI 837 is a $T=9.9$ mag G0/F9 dwarf in the southern open cluster IC 2602. The star and planet are therefore $35^{+11}_{-5}$ million years old. Combining the transit photometry with a prior on the stellar parameters derived from the cluster color-magnitude diagram, we find that the planet has an orbital period of $8.3\,{\rm d}$ and is slightly smaller than Jupiter ($R_{\rm p} = 0.77^{+0.09}_{-0.07} \,R_{\rm Jup}$). From radial velocity monitoring, we limit $M_{\rm p}\sin i$ to less than 1.20 $M_{\rm Jup}$ (3-$σ$). The transits either graze or nearly graze the stellar limb. Grazing transits are a cause for concern, as they are often indicative of astrophysical false positive scenarios. Our follow-up data show that such scenarios are unlikely. Our combined multi-color photometry, high-resolution imaging, and radial velocities rule out hierarchical eclipsing binary scenarios. Background eclipsing binary scenarios, though limited by speckle imaging, remain a 0.2% possibility. TOI 837b is therefore a validated adolescent exoplanet. The planetary nature of the system can be confirmed or refuted through observations of the stellar obliquity and the planetary mass. Such observations may also improve our understanding of how the physical and orbital properties of exoplanets change in time.
description: AJ accepted. Figure 11 is my favorite. Comments welcome!
Self-similar cosmologies in 5D: Our universe as a topological separation from an empty 5D Minkowski space
Creators: name: de Leon, J. Ponce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we find the most general self-similar, homogeneous and isotropic, Ricci flat cosmologies in 5D. These cosmologies show a number of interesting features: (i) the field equations allow a complete integration in terms of one arbitrary function of the similarity variable, and a free parameter; (ii) the three-dimensional spatial surfaces are flat; (iii) the extra dimension is spacelike; (iv) the general solution is Riemann-flat in 5D but curved in 4D, which means that an observer confined to 4D spacetime can relate this curvature to the presence of matter, as determined by the Einstein equations in 4D. We show that these cosmologies can be interpreted, or used, as 5D Riemann-flat embeddings for spatially-flat FRW cosmologies in 4D. In this interpretation our universe arises as a topological separation from an empty 5D Minkowski space, as envisioned by Zeldovich.
High resolution observations of molecular emission lines toward the CI Tau proto-planetary disc: planet-carved gaps or shadowing?
Creators: name: Rosotti, Giovanni P.
name: Ilee, John D.
name: Facchini, Stefano
name: Tazzari, Marco
name: Booth, Richard
name: Clarke, Cathie
name: Kama, Mihkel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have revealed that most proto-planetary discs show a pattern of bright rings and dark gaps. However, most of the high-resolution observations have focused only on the continuum emission. In this Paper we present high-resolution ALMA band 7 (0.89mm) observations of the disc around the star CI Tau in the $^{12}$CO & $^{13}$CO $J=3$-2 and CS $J=7$-6 emission lines. Our recent work demonstrated that the disc around CI Tau contains three gaps and rings in continuum emission, and we look for their counterparts in the gas emission. While we find no counterpart of the third gap and ring in $^{13}$CO, the disc has a gap in emission at the location of the second continuum ring (rather than gap). We demonstrate that this is mostly an artefact of the continuum subtraction, although a residual gap still remains after accounting for this effect. Through radiative transfer modelling we propose this is due to the inner disc shadowing the outer parts of the disc and making them colder. This raises a note of caution in mapping high-resolution gas emission lines observations to the gas surface density - while possible, this needs to be done carefully. In contrast to $^{13}$CO, CS emission shows instead a ring morphology, most likely due to chemical effects. Finally, we note that $^{12}$CO is heavily absorbed by the foreground preventing any morphological study using this line.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Biophysical Analysis of the RFX Complex: An Essential Regulator of the Adaptive Immune System
Creators: name: Briggs, LaTese
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Chemistry, Biochemistry (0487)
Biophysics, General (0786)
major histocompatibility complex class II
size exclusion chromatography static light scattering
RFX
protein expression in minimal media
NMR

description: The human adaptive immune system serves as the primary defense against pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi. While the human adaptive immune response is powered by many components, the Major Histocompatibility Class II (MHCII) molecules lie at the heart of the machinery of the immune system. MHCII molecules bind to peptides derived from the invading species and display them on the surface of specialized cells of the immune system. The display of the MHCII-peptide complex is recognized by CD4+ T-cells, which then triggers a cascade of events leading to the immune response. This MHCII initiated cascade is essential for clearing the majority of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Lack of MHCII expression causes severe immunodeficiency disorders, whereas overproduction of these molecules can cause a variety of autoimmune diseases. Because these molecules play an essential role in generating immune response, regulating the production of MHCII molecules is critically important to balancing this response so that the immune system does not become aberrantly suppressed or hyperactive. The production of MHCII molecules is regulated by a multi-protein complex known as the MHCII enhanceosome. The MHC II enhanceosome is comprised of four major components that assemble on the promoter of the MHCII genes. The key DNA-binding component of the MHCII enhanceosome is the Regulatory Factor X (RFX) protein complex. RFX is comprised of three subunits, RFX5, RFXAP, and RFXB. Mutations or deletions in any RFX subunit that prevents the formation of the MHCII enhanceosome abolishes MHCII expression. Because the RFX complex is specific for regulating MHCII gene expression, this complex is an excellent target for the rational design of therapeutic compounds that could disrupt complex formation, thus suppressing immune response. A better understanding of how the RFX complex assembles is required prior to designing such drugs. Our biophysical analysis of the RFX complex provides significant insight into how this complex assembles. We have specifically focused on domains of each subunit that we have identified as being directly involved in complex formation. We have shown that these domains are independently folded and can readily form a complex in the same manner as the full length subunits. Likewise, we have also determined the stoichiometric ratio in which the domains bind to one another in solution. Finally, we have initiated structural studies of each of these domains using NMR spectroscopy. These studies will provide the foundation for future work in solving the structure of the RFX complex.
Die anthropologische Autotheose und der Versuch der Selbsterlösung durch Künstliche Intelligenz
Creators: name: Athanasiou, Stefanos
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 70 Nr. 3 (2021): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 70, Heft 3
Rotating Black Holes at Future Colliders. III. Determination of Black Hole Evolution
Creators: name: Ida, Daisuke
name: Oda, Kin-ya
name: Park, Seong Chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TeV scale gravity scenario predicts that the black hole production dominates over all other interactions above the scale and that the Large Hadron Collider will be a black hole factory. Such higher dimensional black holes mainly decay into the standard model fields via the Hawking radiation whose spectrum can be computed from the greybody factor. Here we complete the series of our work by showing the greybody factors and the resultant spectra for the brane localized spinor and vector field emissions for arbitrary frequencies. Combining these results with the previous works, we determine the complete radiation spectra and the subsequent time evolution of the black hole. We find that, for a typical event, well more than half a black hole mass is emitted when the hole is still highly rotating, confirming our previous claim that it is important to take into account the angular momentum of black holes.
description: typoes in eqs(82)-(84) corrected; version to appear in Phys. Rev. D; references and a footnote added; same manuscript with high resolution embedded figures available on http://www.gakushuin.ac.jp/univ/sci/phys/ida/paper/
Stop the Lies. Let the Truth Be Told!: Education Reform and the Save Our Schools March and National Call to Action (SOS)
Creators: name: Grant, Troy Spencer
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: autoethnography
Discourse
Reform
Social Constructionsim
SOS
Teachers

description: Embedded in the Social Constructionist tradition, this study examines the dynamics and interactions of the Discourses and forces of the current U.S. education reform movement as it is shaped by and through Media, Money and Government Discourses which negatively frame teachers as the problem. Using the interview and observation data, this qualitative study uses ethnographic methods to examine the 2011 Save Our Schools March and National Call to Action (SOS), revealing how SOS attempted to complexify the current reform narrative and construct a narrative from the voices of teachers, students and parents in an attempt to present them as legitimate participants in public policy debate and formation. SOS advocates for a reform narrative that includes a Democratic, Grassroots and Sustainable Discourse for and by local stakeholders. An Autoethnography is included as the embodied experience of an American public school teacher and argues for the teachers' right to be critical participants in the narrative of education reform in the United States. Finally, the American Public Education Complex (APEC) is introduced and presented as a framework of factors that contribute to the overall educational development of a student and should be considered in any reform narrative because of the complex and often polarizing ideological American landscape.
Elicitation on "when" clauses and clauses embedded by "want"
Creators: name: Aguilar Láinez, Onísimo Basbaldo
name: Scott, Tessa
name: Sales, Henry
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mam

description: This is a remote video interview held using Zoom. Henry Sales, a Mam speaker from San Juan Atitán, provides translation between English and Mam using Mam and Spanish.

The elicitation focuses on "when" clauses and clauses embedded by "want" which show an extended use of ergative verbal inflection.

In this file bundle: 1 pdf of typed notes.
Minkowski Box from Yangian Bootstrap
Creators: name: Corcoran, Luke
name: Loebbert, Florian
name: Miczajka, Julian
name: Staudacher, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the recently developed Yangian bootstrap for Feynman integrals to Minkowski space, focusing on the case of the one-loop box integral. The space of Yangian invariants is spanned by the Bloch-Wigner function and its discontinuities. Using only input from symmetries, we constrain the functional form of the box integral in all 64 kinematic regions up to twelve (out of a priori 256) undetermined constants. These need to be fixed by other means. We do this explicitly, employing two alternative methods. This results in a novel compact formula for the box integral valid in all kinematic regions of Minkowski space.
description: 21 pages
Data-driven quantitative modeling of bacterial active nematics
Creators: name: Li, He
name: Shi, Xia-qing
name: Huang, Mingji
name: Chen, Xiao
name: Xiao, Mingfeng
name: Liu, Chenli
name: Chate, Hugues
name: Zhang, H. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active matter comprises individual units that convert energy into mechanical motion. In many examples, such as bacterial systems and biofilament assays, constituent units are elongated and can give rise to local nematic orientational order. Such `active nematics' systems have attracted much attention from both theorists and experimentalists. However, despite intense research efforts, data-driven quantitative modeling has not been achieved, a situation mainly due to the lack of systematic experimental data and to the large number of parameters of current models. Here we introduce a new active nematics system made of swarming filamentous bacteria. We simultaneously measure orientation and velocity fields and show that the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of our system can be quantitatively reproduced by a new type of microscopic model for active suspensions whose important parameters are all estimated from comprehensive experimental data. This provides unprecedented access to key effective parameters and mechanisms governing active nematics. Our approach is applicable to different types of dense suspensions and shows a path towards more quantitative active matter research.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
More of the Bulk from Extremal Area Variations
Creators: name: Bao, Ning
name: Cao, ChunJun
name: Fischetti, Sebastian
name: Pollack, Jason
name: Zhong, Yibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was shown recently, building on work of Alexakis, Balehowksy, and Nachman that the geometry of (some portion of) a manifold with boundary is uniquely fixed by the areas of a foliation of two-dimensional disk-shaped surfaces anchored to the boundary. In the context of AdS/CFT, this implies that (a portion of) a four-dimensional bulk geometry can be fixed uniquely from the entanglement entropies of disk-shaped boundary regions, subject to several constraints. In this Note, we loosen some of these constraints, in particular allowing for the bulk foliation of extremal surfaces to be local and removing the constraint of disk topology; these generalizations ensure uniqueness of more of the deep bulk geometry by allowing for e.g. surfaces anchored on disconnected asymptotic boundaries, or HRT surfaces past a phase transition. We also explore in more depth the generality of the local foliation requirement, showing that even in a highly dynamical geometry like AdS-Vaidya it is satisfied.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Oppositional Narratives: Embedded Tales, Social Justice, and the Reader
Creators: name: Harrison, Jennifer Marie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: 1930s American fiction
intersectionality
labor literature
narrative embedding
oppositional consciousness
working-class studies

description: Oppositional narratives are texts that work to disrupt dominant ideology and interrogate social injustices through tactical and thematic interactions with readers. Tactically, oppositional narratives activate embedded tales, small stories inserted in the frame narratives, to question dominant conceptions about marginalized people. Embedding operates through gathering, retasking, and projecting, which I substantiate with coalitional and rhetorical narrative theories. Oppositional narratives give voice to the silenced and sketch an inclusive humanity that offers hope for social justice by gathering multiple embedded tales that connect heterogeneous individualities across shared experiences, enabling revisions of dominant culture through retasking, and projecting imagined possibilities for change. Through readers' ethical experiences with multiple tales and tellers, oppositional narratives create possibilities for empathy and understanding across differences. I consider how embedded tales work oppositionally in Sanora Babb's Whose Names are Unknown,<> Marita Bonner's Frye Street and Environs,<> Jack Conroy's The Disinherited,<> Jessie Redmon Fauset's Comedy: American Style,<> Langston Hughes' Not Without Laughter,<> Josephine W. Johnson's Now in November,<> Meridel Le Sueur's The Girl,<> and Tillie Olsen's Yonnondio.<> Embedded tales empower these narratives thematically to validate social justice for the marginalized through models of oppositional consciousness; disrupt ideological constrictions of those othered by class, race, and gender ideologies; and expose objectifying physical exploitations.
Identifying and Repairing Catastrophic Errors in Galaxy Properties Using Dimensionality Reduction
Creators: name: Hovis-Afflerbach, Beryl
name: Steinhardt, Charles L.
name: Masters, Daniel
name: Salvato, Mara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of galaxy evolution is derived from large surveys designed to maximize efficiency by only observing the minimum amount needed to infer properties for a typical galaxy. However, for a few percent of galaxies in every survey, these observations are insufficient and derived properties can be catastrophically wrong. Further, it is currently difficult or impossible to determine which objects have failed, so that these contaminate every study of galaxy properties. We develop a novel method to identify these objects by combining the astronomical codes which infer galaxy properties with the dimensionality reduction algorithm t-SNE, which groups similar objects to determine which inferred properties are out of place. This method provides an improvement for the COSMOS catalog, which already uses existing techniques for catastrophic error removal, and therefore should improve the quality of large catalogs and any studies which are sensitive to large redshift errors.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION MANAGEMENT: A HUMAN PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGY APPROACH
Creators: name: Tade, Sophia
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013

description: The purpose of this study is to leverage the Human Performance Technology (HPT) approach as framework for effectively managing diversity and inclusion in an organizational setting. The author implements this approach to analyze performance issues related to diversity and inclusion in a non-profit organization focused on resolving the issues faced by a diverse at-risk youth population. The author then recommends a set of tailored and cost-effective interventions drawn from the HPT's comprehensive managerial concepts to the non-profit organization. This study suggests that HPT could be used as an effective and results-driven approach to individual and organizational performance challenges related to diversity and inclusion.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEVERAL NUMERICAL COMPUTATIONAL PACKAGES
Creators: name: Sharma, Neeraj
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010

description: The commercial software package Matlab is the most widely used numerical computational package. GNU Octave, FreeMat, and Scilab are other numerical computational packages that have many of the same features as Matlab. Unlike Matlab, the other three packages are free of charge to the user and easily available to download to Linux, Windows, or Mac OS X operating systems. Do these packages give comparable computational outcomes as Matlab? We review in depth the basic operations of Matlab, such as solving a system of linear equations, computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and plotting in two-dimensions. In addition, we research a more complex test problem resulting from a finite difference discretization of the Poisson equation in two spatial dimensions. Then, we compare the results we receive from GNU Octave, FreeMat, and Scilab to our previously found Matlab results. All packages gave identical numerical results, though Scilab exhibited a limitation in the size of the linear system it could solve in the complex test problem and FreeMat was hampered by the lack of a conjugate gradient function. The available graphical functions differ in functionality, but give equivalent plots, though FreeMat has limited three-dimensional graphics capabilities at present. Overall, we are able to conclude that GNU Octave is the most compatible with Matlab due to its numerical abilities and the similarity of its syntax.
Elicitation on transitive object marking, "when" clauses, and wh-questions
Creators: name: Chilel Ramírez, Ovilia Marina
name: Scott, Tessa
name: Sales, Henry
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mam

description: This is a remote video interview held using Zoom. Henry Sales, a Mam speaker from San Juan Atitán, provides translation between English and Mam using Mam and Spanish.

The elicitation focuses on object marking, wh- questions, "when" clauses, and includes a partial verbal agreement paradigm for verbs for seeing.

In this file bundle: 1 pdf of typed notes.
The Extinction and Distance of Maffei 2 and a New View of the IC 342/Maffei Group
Creators: name: Fingerhut, Robin L.
name: Lee, Henry
name: McCall, Marshall L.
name: Richer, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained spectra of HII regions in the heavily obscured spiral galaxy Maffei 2. The observations have allowed for a determination of the Galactic extinction of this galaxy using a correlation between extinction and hydrogen column density observed among spirals. The technique reveals that the optical depth of Galactic dust at 1 micron obscuring Maffei 2 is tau1 = 2.017 +/- 0.211, which implies that A_V = 5.58 +/- 0.58 mag, significantly higher than observed for the giant elliptical Maffei 1 despite its similar latitude. For comparison, we apply the same technique to IC 342, a neighbouring spiral to Maffei 2 but with more moderate obscuration by Galactic dust, owing to its higher Galactic latitude. For this galaxy, we obtain tau1 = 0.692 +/- 0.066, which agrees within errors with the value of 0.639 +/- 0.102 derived from the reddening estimate of Schlegel et al. (1998, ApJ, 500, 525). We therefore adopt the weighted mean of tau1 = 0.677 +/- 0.056 for the extinction of IC 342, which implies that A_V = 1.92 +/- 0.16 mag. A new distance estimate for Maffei 2 of 3.34 +/- 0.56 Mpc is obtained from a self-consistent Tully-Fisher relation in I adjusted to the NGC 4258 maser zero-point. With our new measurement of M_I, Maffei 2 joins Maffei 1 and IC 342 as one of three giant members of the nearby IC 342/Maffei group of galaxies. We present the revised properties of all three galaxies based on the most accurate extinction and distance estimates to date, accounting for shifts in the effective wavelengths of broadband filters as this effect can be significant for highly reddened galaxies. The revised distances are consistent with what would be suspected for the Hubble Flow, making it highly unlikely that the galaxies interacted with the Local Group since the Big Bang.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Special metrics and Triality
Creators: name: Witt, Frederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate a new 8-dimensional Riemannian geometry defined by a generic closed and coclosed 3-form with stabiliser PSU(3), and which arises as a critical point of Hitchin's variational principle. We give a Riemannian characterisation of this structure in terms of invariant spinor-valued 1-forms, which are harmonic with respect to the twisted Dirac operator $\Db$ on $Δ\otimesΛ^1$. We establish various obstructions to the existence of topological reductions to PSU(3). For compact manifolds, we also give sufficient conditions for topological PSU(3)-structures that can be lifted to topological SU(3)-structures. We also construct the first known compact example of an integrable non-symmetric PSU(3)-structure. In the same vein, we give a new Riemannian characterisation for topological quaternionic Kähler structures which are defined by an $Sp(1)\cdot Sp(2)$-invariant self-dual 4-form. Again, we show that this form is closed if and only if the corresponding spinor-valued 1-form is harmonic for $\Db$ and that these equivalent conditions produce constraints on the Ricci tensor.
description: 41 pages. v2: typos corrected, presentation improved v3: final version
Negotiating Visual Arts Academic Disciplinary Identities in the Entrepreneurial University
Creators: name: Taylor, Donna Blankenship
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Academic cultural identities
Authenticity
Discourse analysis
Epistemology
Ethnographic Life History
Visual Arts

description: Using ethnographic life history methodologies, this study investigates the discursive construction of authenticity among Visual Arts faculty after their participation in a program to learn entrepreneurial language and skills. It explores the ways in which the arts mediate the adoption of entrepreneurial language by these individuals and how this phenomenon complicates standard majority culture conceptions of academic disciplinary identity. There is a discourse within entrepreneurship that privileges the positivistic, objective, and scientific. These discourses force faculty members in the arts, whose knowledge claims distance them from this socially located space, to construct themselves linguistically as authentic via both form and content. At the same time, claims of authenticity based on an essentialized view of the self-expressive individual, claims rooted in the Romantic vision of the modern world, reinscribe conventional identity categories.  This work speaks to how individuals' discursive constructions confound these structural positionings.
From recovery to consolidation : Indian feminist publishing, 1984-Present
Creators: name: Turner, Elen Jane
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Kali for Women (Organization)
subject: Feminist literature Publishing India
subject: Feminism India
subject: Women publishers

description: Since the first Indian feminist press, Kali for Women, was established in 1984, Indian feminist publishing has developed from being primarily a mouthpiece for feminist activism to being a small but significant part of the broader Indian publishing industry. Feminist publishing continues to embody activism, but in the last thirty years it has also made a notable contribution to literary, scholarly and other areas of feminist discourse and book production. This thesis explores the diversity of topics and types of books that Indian feminist publishers, formal and informal, have produced since 1984, and what these suggest about contemporary Indian feminism. Indian feminist publishing began with a strong focus on recovering women's literary voices from obscurity, censorship and neglect. As the success of this project became evident, with the publication of much more women's fiction and non-fiction in India, the priority shifted from recovery to consolidation of feminist achievements in literary, scholarly and activist fields. The topics addressed in this thesis are the most prominent, or the most influential, that Indian feminist publishers have covered: recovery of women's literature, translation, censorship, caste, political and communal conflict, globalisation, development, environmental degradation, indigeneity, the sexual subaltern. No single, unified feminist perspective can be seen on any of these topics, suggesting Indian feminism's, and by extension Indian feminist publishing's, plurality and openness to encompassing multiple positions. As I demonstrate in the thesis, this industry can by no means be circumscribed within a conventional "third world" view of progressive movements. The range of published works, rather, represent the numerous ways in which Indian feminism questions and challenges dominant modes of thinking and writing about issues that affect women's lives both in the Indian subcontinent and globally. Feminist publishing studies do not fit easily under either feminist cultural studies or feminist literary studies. The field is considered too "literary" for the former and too commercially oriented for the latter. In this thesis I approach Indian feminist publishing from both of these disciplinary perspectives. No other book-length study has been undertaken on Indian feminist publishing, making this study an original contribution to Indian feminist and literary studies.
Origin of four-fold anisotropy in square lattices of circular ferromagnetic dots
Creators: name: Kakazei, G. N.
name: Pogorelov, Yu. G.
name: Costa, M. D.
name: Mewes, T.
name: Wigen, P. E.
name: Hammel, P. C.
name: Golub, V. O.
name: Okuno, T.
name: Novosad, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the four-fold anisotropy of in-plane ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field $H_r$, found in a square lattice of circular Permalloy dots when the interdot distance $a$ gets comparable to the dot diameter $d$. The minimum $H_r$, along the lattice $<11>$ axes, and the maximum, along the $<10>$ axes, differ by $\sim$ 50 Oe at $a/d$ = 1.1. This anisotropy, not expected in uniformly magnetized dots, is explained by a non-uniform magnetization $\bm(\br)$ in a dot in response to dipolar forces in the patterned magnetic structure. It is well described by an iterative solution of a continuous variational procedure.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex, details of analytic calculation and new references are added