cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Didymocheton annae Mabb. 2021, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Didymocheton
Didymocheton annae

description: 4. Didymocheton annae (Mabb.) Mabb., comb. nov.
≡ Dysoxylum annae Mabb. in Blumea 38: 303. 1994 – Holotype: Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Ransiki, Oransbari, Numi-warum, Koster BW1145 (L barcode L 0017179!).
Distribution. – NW New Guinea.
Note. – See also Mabberley (1995b: 95).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1259, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Identification of Proteins Involved in microRNA Production and Protection in Response to Radiation Therapy
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Radiation therapy is a very important part of the treatment of cancer, including for cancers caused by smoking, such as cancers of the lung, head and neck, esophagus, genito-urinary system, and pancreas, etc. Radiation passes through normal and cancer tissues, like an x-ray, but has been found to damage cancer cells more than the normal surrounding tissue. This balance, between hurting the tumor, and protecting the person, is the crux of how we treat with radiation – we try to give as much radiation as we can to the tumor, to get rid of it, while not hurting the patient. While radiation helps many patients, in some cases tumors are resistant to radiation, and it does not work as well as we would like to help control their cancer. It is known that the cells in a tumor have sometimes unique ways to survive radiation, and the goal of our work is to better illuminate the ways that cells survive radiation, to find avenues to help radiation work better against cancer cells, specifically. To do this, we are applying understanding of a very recently discovered group of stress response messengers in our DNA, called, microRNAs. We found that a special microRNA, called miR-34, that is very important in the response to radiation, uses a “short-cut” to help it respond very quickly when cells are exposed to radiation. This was found in cancer cells, and we will investigate if this short-cut is used by normal cells, as well as other cancer cells. We will also determine if there are ways to prevent this short-cut specifically in cancer cells, which would help radiation work better against the bad cells, while protecting the patient.
Didymocheton bijugus Holzmeyer & Mabb. 2021, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Didymocheton
Didymocheton bijugus

description: 5. Didymocheton bijugus (Labill.) Holzmeyer & Mabb., comb. nov.
≡ Trichilia bijuga Labill., Sert. Austro-Caledon.: 54. 1825 ≡ Dysoxylum bijugum (Labill.) Seem., Fl. Vit.: 37. 1865 – Holotype: New Caledonia, Balade, Labillardière s.n. (FI barcode FI006444!).
Distribution. – Norfolk Is. (Australia), Vanuatu and NewCaledonia.
Note. – See also Mabberley (1988: 64).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1259, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Galeorhinus louisi Adnet & Cappetta 2008
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Triakidae
Galeorhinus
Galeorhinus louisi

description: Galeorhinus louisi Adnet & Cappetta, 2008
Fig. 23 G–J
Galeorhinus louisi Adnet & Cappetta, 2008: 438, fig. 4.
Material examined
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 2 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group; MSC 37353.1 – 2.
Description
Teeth small, not exceeding 2.2 mm in mesiodistal width; distal-most extent of main cusp in line with, or slightly exceeding, distal extent of heel. Mesial cutting edge elongate, ranges from straight to slightly sinuous; distal edge much shorter, slightly convex, forms triangular and distally inclined cusp with mesial edge. Prominent distal heel bears one or two cusplets, which are not well differentiated from the heel itself. Lingual crown face smooth, strongly convex. Labial face with bulbous base that overhangs the root; very short folds and wrinkles at base that coalesce apically to form a transverse ridge (easily seen in profile view). Root high and thick, with highly diverging and rounded lobes; lobes separated by shallow and triangular interlobe area. Lingual root face bisected by deep nutritive groove.
Remarks
The teeth in our sample appear conspecific to the holotype of G. louisi Adnet & Cappetta, 2008 in that they have extensive folds and notches present along the entire width of the labial crown base. This ornamentation is indistinct or absent on the teeth of G. minutissimus, present only beneath the heels on the teeth of G. mesetaensis, and is much less extensive on the teeth of G. duchaussoisi (see above) and G. ypresiensis (see below).
Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama
The specimens in our sample were collected from the Tallahatta Formation at site AMo-8. Lower Lutetian, Zone NP14.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
SRNT 2019 Health Disparities Travel Awards
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: SRNT's Health Disparities Network is providing travel awards to four students/early career researchers who focus on nicotine and tobacco research and health disparities. All awardees will be based at California institutions. The travel awards will allow the scholars to attend SRNT's annual meeting and conference in San Francisco, California, February 20-23, 2019.
Large scale analyses of gene‐smoking interaction on cardiometabolic traits
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease are diseases of significant public health importance. It is important that we understand the role of genetic and environmental factors on these diseases. Large scale genome wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with these diseases, but largely ignored the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. One way to improve the increase insights into disease biology and genetic risk factors, is for researchers to use consider interplay of gene and environmental factors, particularly tobacco exposure through smoking. As such, this project aims to utilize individual level genotype-phenotype data form ~755,000 subjects from existing biomedical repositories. Specifically, we propose to assemble a very large dataset and test genes x smoking exposure on the domains of cardiometabolic disease among African American, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White subjects. We propose the following specific aims: Aim 1, we will test gene x smoking exposure on cardiometabolic related traits, including: markers of inflammation, blood pressure, heart function, lipids and insulin related measures. In Aim 2 we propose to test gene x smoking exposure on cardiometabolic disease endpoints, including: incident cardiovascular disease events (heart attacks and stroke), high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Finally, in Aim 3 we will assess the association of gene x smoking on deaths endpoints. Our proposal has a number of innovative features that take advantage of unprecedented access to large-scale genetic-phenotypic datasets. That is, we will assemble these data into a ‘mega’ resource of consisting of ~43 individual-level phenotype and genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from dbGaP and UK Biobank, allowing mega analyses and consideration of lower frequency genetic variants. The large sample allows study large scale study in African American (~36K) and Hispanic Americans (~43K) ancestry samples. Finally, longitudinal follow-up data for ~100K samples will allow follow-up analyses of in aims 2 and 3. We expect this work will identify novel genes and genetic loci in gene-smoking interactions and provide insights into cardiometabolic diseases biology and susceptibility.
Characterization of innate immunity in pollution-induced exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a smoking-related lung disease, which is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Patients with COPD are routinely exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollution, which appears to cause escalation of their respiratory symptoms, a process called exacerbation, with resulting need to seek medical attention. This research plan proposes to evaluate the role of lung immune cells (macrophages) in susceptibility to develop exacerbation through an experimental model of inhalational exposure to ambient levels of a component of air pollution (ozone) in patients with COPD.
Galeorhinus ypresiensis
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Triakidae
Galeorhinus
Galeorhinus ypresiensis

description: Galeorhinus ypresiensis (Casier, 1946)
Fig. 23 N–P
Eugaleus ypresiensis Casier, 1946: 86–89, pl.1, fig. 11a–t.
Galeorhinus ypresiensis – Kemp 1982: pl. 9, fig. 4.
Material examined
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 3 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group; MSC 37693.1 – 2, MSC 37898.
Description
Teeth do not exceed 4.5 mm in mesiodistal width. Main cusp thin, triangular, and distally inclined. Mesial edge of main cusp ranges from straight to slightly concave. Distal edge of main cusp slightly convex. Large distal heel with four-to-five triangular distal cusplets, which decrease in size distally. A series of weak serrations present on mesial cutting edge, most prominent on the lower third. Labial crown face flat, bulbous basally and overhanging root, with faint wrinkling at the mesial half of the labial crown foot. Lingual crown face strongly convex. Root lobes are divergent and rounded. Interlobe area shallow. Root high and thick lingually and covers much of the crown face. Nutritive grooves deep and wide; forms a basal notch on the root base.
Remarks
The specimens in our sample are similar in overall morphology to those of Galeorhinus duchaussoisi, G. louisi, and G. mesetaensis, but are easily differentiated by having prominent mesial denticulations. Furthermore, the teeth of G. ypresiensis lack heavy crenulations across the labial crown base as seen on the teeth of G. louisi (see above). The teeth of G. ypresiensis are further differentiated from those of G. mesetaensis by the complete absence of ornamentation on the lingual crown face, and teeth of G. duchaussoisi (see above) can attain larger overall sizes (up to 6.7 mm in mesiodistal width as opposed to 4.5 mm for G. ypresiensis). The teeth of G. ypresiensis are similar to some tooth positions of Physogaleus (see below) but can be differentiated by having a more convex labial crown face and a more bulbous labial crown base that overhangs the root.
Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama
The specimens in our sample were collected from the Gosport Sand at site ACl-15. Middle Bartonian, Zone NP17.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
“Coerced and irrational”
Creators: name: Zundl, Elaine
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Representations of Muslim women have been confined to a narrative of coercion and irrationality, where their words are often disregarded in favor of more common tropes and ethnic stereotypes. What often goes unnoticed is the way in which assumptions regarding the religion/secular divide in the United States contribute to the spread of these representations globally. The U.S., where religious overtones dominate political debates, is often aligned with secularism and its sister narratives modernity and progress while religion for Muslim identified subjects is made its opposite. This association with the past, with backwardness, had been detrimental for individuals who have tried to organize politically within this identity. Using Rey Chow’s theory of the ethnic stereotype to elaborate this further, it becomes easier to see how assumptions regarding religion permeate figures like the female suicide bomber, the controversial resignation of Brooklyn principal Debbie Almontaser, and the current drive to provide religious specific services to Arab Muslims in New York. This analysis helps to draw attention to this phenomenon as an issue for feminist activism.
Didymocheton canalensis Holzmeyer & Mabb. 2021, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Didymocheton
Didymocheton canalensis

description: 6. Didymocheton canalensis (Baill.) Holzmeyer & Mabb., comb. nov.
≡ Chisocheton canalensis Baill. in Adansonia 11: 260. 1874 ≡ Dysoxylum canalense (Baill.) C.DC. in Candolle & Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 1: 505. 1878 – Holotype: New Caledonia, Canala, Balansa 2475 (P barcode P06643719!).
Distribution. – New Caledonia.
Note. – See also Mabberley (1988: 60).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1259, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
title: SUPERFLUID DYNAMICS WITH COLD ATOMS AS QUANTUM SIMULATORS
title: NEGATIVE-MASS, ENTRAINMENT AND QUANTUM TURBULENCE
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hossain, Md Khalid
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Negative-mass Hydrodynamics
Quantum Simulators
Quantum Turbulence
Superfluid Dynamics
Superfluid Entrainment
Ultracold Quantum Gases
Atomic Physics

description: In this dissertation we explore superfluid dynamics in ultracold atomic gasses using density functional theories. In particular, we present three manuscripts discussing physics in a turbulent unitary Fermi gas, a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate, and a mixture of superfluid Fermi and Bose gases. These applications use cold atoms as quantum simulators for less intractable systems, in particular phenomenon related to nuclear astrophysics such as, pulsar glitches. In one of the manuscripts we propose an experimental protocol using a Fermi-Bose mixture to detect superfluid entrainment, important in explaining glitches in pulsar rotations – sudden increase in the rotation rate. If implemented, this will be the first direct detection of entrainment. In addition to entrainment, quantum turbulence is most likely an important part of pulsar glitches. To understand the dynamics in the turbulent region we simulate the time evolution of a vortex tangle in a rotating unitary Fermi gas in another manuscript. Using our simulations, we have been able to characterize two different vortex tangle decay mechanisms mediated by inter-vortex interactions and interactions with the trap boundary. Finally, in a third manuscript, we explore the effect of a synthetic spin-orbit coupling on the expansion dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate and identify the role of modified dispersion relation and negative-mass hydro- dynamics on the phenomenon of self-trapping primarily observed in optical lattices. This demonstrates how cold atoms can be used to adjust properties like dispersion relations which ultimately might allow us manipulate properties such as the effective viscosity in a turbulent superfluid, so that we can simulate neutron star pulsars.
Targeting aggressive kidney cancer cells deficient in a metabolic enzyme
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cigarette smoking is one of the most recognized risk factors for the development and progression of kidney cancer (or renal cell carcinoma, RCC) and in one-third of newly diagnosed RCC cases the cancer has already spread to other organs. Metastatic spread of solid tumors makes kidney cancer incurable by surgical resection and consequently more difficult to treat. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy with so called checkpoint inhibitors, which improve the immune system’s ability to kill cancer cells, have shown considerable potential in the treatment of RCC. However, many issues remain to be resolved, especially identification of patients who are unlikely to show early benefit from the therapy such that doctors can avoid treating patients with drugs that would cause side effects without much benefit. For these reasons, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of RCC patients. We have discovered that the amount of a metabolic enzyme, methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), is reduced in aggressive RCC cells, and similarly, that MTAP gene expression was downregulated after exposure to tobacco smoke. Experimentally removing MTAP expression in RCC cells increased their aggressiveness, including the amount of immune checkpoint proteins which enable cancer cells to better evade the immune system. We identified a cell signaling molecule, the type 1 insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), as the top-one molecule regulated by MTAP expression. Given a decrease of MTAP in response to smoke exposure and in light of the importance of IGF1R in promoting tumor formation, we hypothesize that smoking-mediated MTAP loss and/or downregulation contributes to the activation of cellular signaling and RCC progression. The overall objective of this application is to determine the aggressive nature of smoke-associated RCC lacking MTAP. In this study, we will link smoking-related changes in metabolism (MTAP) and signal pathways to the regulation of the immune system’s ability to kill the cancer cells, thereby allowing stratification of patients into those who will or will not respond to specific novel therapies. Our study will likely provide a promising molecular model, potentially allowing for stratification of patients by smoking status and response to immunotherapies, and generate further hypotheses for developing new anticancer strategies.
Pachygaleus Cappetta 1992
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Pachygaleus

description: Genus Pachygaleus Cappetta, 1992
Type species
Galaeus lefevrei Daimeries, 1891, Ypresian, Belgium.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
A Novel Mouse Model of Thirdhand Smoke-Induced Childhood Leukemia
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Of note, the risk of ALL has been increasing. The development of childhood ALL involves genetic and epigenetic processes, but how these factors are influenced by pre-natal and early life exposures is poorly understood. Thirdhand smoke (THS) has gained wide attention in recent years as a newly described health risk. THS includes tobacco smoke residues in indoor environments that remain, react and/or re-emit from materials and/or re-suspend from surfaces. Vulnerable populations are believed to be infants living in current or previously smoked in households. Since infants typically spend more time indoors and have age-specific behaviors, i.e., crawling and ingesting non-food items, they are often in close contact with surfaces and dust. As a result even low doses of THS constituents may represent a long-term health hazard to children. The hypothesis underlying the current proposal is that THS exposure interacts with underlying genetics to place children at risk for the development of ALL. The broad long-term goals of our work are to understand how exposure to THS impacts the development of childhood leukemia and to use this knowledge to decrease rates of pediatric leukemia. In order to pursue these long-term goals, we herein propose a pilot study to determine which of two animal models of childhood leukemia will be most appropriate for future studies of developmental exposure windows and of the epigenetic and genetic mechanisms that underlie the ability of tobacco to contribute to childhood leukemia. One model utilizes animals that have a high frequency of development of ALL. This model enables assessment of how THS exposure may accelerate disease in individuals who are highly susceptible to ALL. The second model utilizes animals that have genetic changes the predispose to ALL, but only develop disease at low frequency. This model enables assessment of how THS exposure may initiate the development of ALL. This pilot study will enable the identification of a model to be used for in depth investigation of when and how tobacco exposure can cause childhood leukemia. This work is important for formulating appropriate preventive strategies including educating health practitioners, families, public health providers and organizations regarding the risks of tobacco exposure.
Didymocheton fraserianus, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Didymocheton
Didymocheton fraserianus

description: 7. Didymocheton fraserianus (A.Juss.) Mabb. & Hauenschild, comb. nov.
≡ Hartighsea fraseriana A.Juss. in Bull. Sci. Nat. Géol. 23: 239 [“238”]. 1830 ≡ Dysoxylum fraserianum (A.Juss.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 1: 381. 1863 – Holotype: Australia, New South Wales, Hastings R., Fraser s.n. (P).
Distribution. – Eastern Australia.
Notes. – See also Mabberley (2013b: 28). This is the Australian mahogany or rosewood of commerce.
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1259, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Combination immuno and metabolic therapy for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the recent successes obtained in the treatment of advanced lung cancer with immunotherapy, the responses are usually limited in time. In order to improve the response to immunotherapy, we propose to follow two approaches: 1) start immunotherapy at an early stage, when the immune response did not reach exhaustion and the chances of success are higher; 2) administer combination treatments that potentiate immune therapy.
 A novel approach in the treatment of cancer consists in interfering with the sugar supply in the tumor. Cancers require sugar (glucose) to grow; glucose cannot freely enter the tumor cells but needs to be transported by specific proteins that shuttle the sugar inside the cells. We found out that the transporter expressed in early-stage adenocarcinoma, named SGLT2, is different for the glucose transporter expressed in immune cells. Drugs that block the SGLT2-dependent glucose transport have recently been FDA-approved for diabetes; we have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can also delay the development of lung adenocarcinoma in pre-clinical studies.
 We also found that SGLT2 inhibitors increase the number of immune cells that are found in the tumors, suggesting that the inhibition of glucose uptake in the cancer cells may enhance the immune response against the tumor, probably by increasing the amount of glucose that is available in the tumor for the immune cells to proliferate and to mount an effective immune response. Therefore, we predict that SGLT2 inhibition will also make the tumors more responsive to immune therapy.
 In this project, we are going to 1) characterize the effects of metabolic treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors on the immune response against cancer in pre-clinical models; 2) evaluate the effect of combination treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors + immunotherapy. Both SGLT2 inhibitors and immunotherapy drugs have been approved by the FDA. Therefore, the proposed research has the potential to lead to the discovery and the quick clinical translation of a new combination treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.
Epigenetic mechanisms in the inflammatory oral lesion of smokers
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Periodontal disease is a very common oral condition which ranges from gum infection to serious bone infection disease, resulting in major damage to the jaw bone that supports the teeth. This may cause chronic jaw bone destruction leading to tooth loss or other secondary infections. Although the bacteria in dental plaque are the main cause of periodontal disease, smoking also can contribute to the development and exacerbation of periodontal disease. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, current smokers were approximately four times as likely as persons who had never smoked to have periodontal disease, and the effect appears to be dose-related, with heavy smokers showing a greater risk of periodontal disease. Additionally, smoking also can lower the chances of successful treatments for periodontal disease. Overall, smoking is one of the most significant risk factors and responsible for more than half of periodontal disease among adults in the US. Thus, the goal of this study, by conducting a multi-disciplinary approach of biological sciences using both animals and cells, is to characterize a novel factor and find how smoking leads to increased disease progression in the mouth. By understanding this process, it may be possible to not only emphasize the role of smoking on the oral health but also find the new ways to treat smoking-related oral diseases in the mouth. Therefore, this project is important for both understanding and treating smoking-associated periodontal disease. Furthermore, I believe that this study will help us understand the detailed of how smoking promotes diseases related with increased inflammation in general. The outcome of this project will provide critical and novel foundational data, upon which to build future projects with the clear potential to reduce damages caused by tobacco-associated irritants.
A Community Based Approach to Tobacco Control
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The proliferation of tobacco shops and off-sale alcohol outlets persists in South LA. Regarding community concerns of these legal drug outlets, we will conduct a multi-phase community-based participatory research project to examine the impact of tobacco outlets and their interactions with retail marijuana dispensaries (RMD) and off-sale alcohol outlets on four major social determinants of poor community health: neighborhood crime, violence, safety, and economic activity. This study is innovative and has high potential to reduce South LA TRHDs by informing public policies. Research questions will address pressing community concerns including: (1) effects of cannabis and tobacco outlet density on urban crime, violence, health, and safety, (2) the effects of regulatory and business market forces on the spatial distribution of outlet density and proximity to youth activity settings, and (3) impact of a community-led organizing campaign to prevent cannabis and tobacco use through changes to the city/county cannabis and tobacco policies. Leveraging the strong partnership of PARC and Community Coalition (a South LA-based advocacy organization), this novel study will increase public health’s understanding of intersecting TRHDs surrounding crime, and violence, and advance local/state agencies’ ability to implement science-informed cannabis and tobacco control policies.
Mechanisms of Persistent Immune Dysregulation Following Early Life Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure studies focus on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while cigarette smoke mediated changes in immune responses in children, the most susceptible population, remain understudied. ETS exposure in early life has been associated with increased risk of respiratory diseases and infections such as, asthma, pneumonia, sinusitis, and allergies. Our laboratory has extensively reported that in a nonhuman primate model of childhood development, normal growth of the airways during early life is highly vulnerable to environmental exposures. Previous studies in humans and animal models have indicated altered monocyte/macrophage function to be linked with antecedent cigarette smoke exposure. Monocytes are bone marrow derived macrophage and dendritic cell precursors that reside in the circulatory system, with relatively short half-lives and high turnover rates. Recent investigations suggest that these changes in physiological function are the result of ETS exposure-induced alterations in gene expression that can persist well past the lifespan of a circulating monocyte. These changes can manifest as improper or skewed activation of monocyte/macrophage populations. Previous studies in adult patients with COPD reported a shift from inflammatory to alternative macrophage activation. However, to date, there is no direct experimental evidence that describes how early life ETS exposure induces long-term changes in immune response. We hypothesize that neonatal ETS exposure can persistently modulate a bone marrow derived stem cell population that manifests as altered monocyte/macrophage function later in life, which ultimately results in increased microbial vulnerability. We will test this hypothesis by exposing neonatal mice to ETS and then monitoring the subsequent inflammatory response in a time course study on through adulthood. We also propose to transfer bone marrow cells from ETS or filtered air exposed mice and assess their response to infectious challenges. The rationale for this proposal is based upon our very limited understanding of immune system development in the context of environmental challenges. Ultimately we hope to elucidate a progenitor population of bone marrow derived stem cells that can become a target for therapeutic intervention.
Pachygaleus lefevrei
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Pachygaleus
Pachygaleus lefevrei

description: Pachygaleus lefevrei (Daimeries, 1891)
Fig. 23 Q–V
Galaeus lefeveri Daimeries, 1891: 74.
Eugaleus falconeri White, 1926: 73.
Galeus lefevrei – Leriche 1905: 136, pl. 8, figs 54–58.
Eugaleus lefevrei – Casier 1946: 84, pl. 1, fig. 13a–b.
Galeorhinus lefevrei – Casier 1966: 86, pl. 8, figs 4–6.
Pachygaleus lefevrei – Baut & Genault 1995: 206, pl. 7, figs 5–6, pl. 8, figs 1–2.
Material examined
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 9 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group; MSC 37688, MSC 35758.1–2, MSC 35763, MSC 38289.1–2, MSC 38487, NJSM 24024, WSU 5002.
Description
Teeth mesiodistally wider than tall. Crown labiolingually thick and conspicuously overhangs the root labially. Labial crown face flat to concave; lingual face strongly convex. Main cusp distally directed, formed from intersection of elongate, convex mesial cutting edge and much shorter distal edge. Elongated distal heel often concave, may be flat or slightly sigmoidal on lateral teeth. Distal heel with three-to-10 pronounced cusplets, which are distally directed and decreasing in size away from cusp. Crown enameloid generally smooth, but short longitudinal folds sometimes located at base of labial crown face on extreme lateral teeth or juveniles. Root thick and bulbous, bilobate, with widely diverging and rounded lobes; shallow, U-shaped interlobe area. Wide and deep nutritive groove located on lingual root face; large central foramen occurs within groove. Additional foramina present on basal portion of lingual root face.
Remarks
The genus Pachygaleus currently only contains the species P. lefevrei (Daimeries, 1891), and all of our specimens are assigned to this taxon. The Pachygaleus teeth in our sample were separated from those of Galeorhinus by their larger size, more convex labial crown face, wider U-shaped interlobe area and, in the case of the anterolateral teeth, up to 10 cusplets on the distal heel.
Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama
The specimens in our sample were collected from the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl-1, the contact of the Tallahatta and Lisbon formations at site ACh-14, and the basal Lisbon Formation at site ACov-11. Upper Ypresian to lower Lutetian, zones NP14 and NP15.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Didymocheton hornei Harms
Creators: name: Holzmeyer, Laura
name: Hauenschild, Frank
name: Mabberley, David J.
name: Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Meliaceae
Didymocheton
Didymocheton hornei

description: 9. Didymocheton hornei (Gillespie) Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19bI: 157. 1940
≡ Dysoxylum hornei Gillespie in Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 83: 12. 1931 – Holotype: Fiji, Viti Levu, Namosi Prov., Namosi, Gillespie 2863 (BISH barcode BISH1003365 [image!]).
Distribution. – Fiji.
Note. – See also Smith (1985: 568).
description: Published as part of Holzmeyer, Laura, Hauenschild, Frank, Mabberley, David J. & Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N., 2021, Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species, pp. 1248-1272 in TAXON 70 (6) on page 1259, DOI: 10.1002/tax.12591, http://zenodo.org/record/14047415
Hemipristis Agassiz 1843
Creators: name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Hemigaleidae
Hemipristis

description: Genus Hemipristis Agassiz, 1843
Type species
Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1843, Miocene, Germany.
description: Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 66, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/3660259
Microbial mercury methylation and demethylation
Creators: name: Yu, Riqing
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Elevated concentration of methylmercury (MeHg) in fish is a worldwide concern due to its detrimental effects on human health. Although Hg methylation is a key issue regarding MeHg contamination, neither abiotic nor microbial methylation mechanisms are well understood. The overall objective of this study was to link the potential for microbial methylation and demethylation to the molecular characterization of microbial communities in two typical freshwater ecosystems and to gain in-depth understanding of Hg methylation mechanisms by syntrophy.         Sunday Lake is a remote and “pristine” forest lake exposed to Hg mostly through atmospheric deposition in the Adirondack Mountains, New York. This study demonstrated that floating Sphagnum moss mats near the lake water front were hot spots for MeHg accumulation and microbial methylation, and sub-habitats where sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) community was highly developed. SRB were identified as a major group of Hg methylators, as sulfate addition to the mat samples doubled the potential Hg methylation rates while molybdate significantly inhibited them. The dominant distribution of Syntrophobacter spp. in the Sphagnum mats led to the investigation of syntrophy in Hg methylation. By incubating mono- or co-cultures of Syntrophobacter spp., with Desulfovibrio spp., this study was the first to demonstrate that a Syntrophobacter-Desulfovibrio coculture significantly increased growth of both syntrophic partners and stimulated MeHg synthesis compared to activities of Desulfovibro spp. monocultures. Syntrophy could stimulate MeHg synthesis by two pathways: Desulfovibrio growing with methanogens in sulfate-free environments, and Desulfovibrio growing with Syntrophobacter in sulfate-limited environments where sources of energy and carbon are limited.             In the South River, an industrially Hg-contaminated site in Virginia, high Hg methylation rates and low demethylation activities were observed in nine sites downstream from the contaminating source, partially explaining why fish in this river have high MeHg levels. 16S rRNA sequencing from sediment cDNA showed that at least three groups of SRB and one group of Geobacter-like iron reducing bacteria (IRB) that were closely affiliated to known Hg methylators, were active in the sediments. Further metabolic inhibition and stimulation experiments confirmed that both SRB and IRB were involved in the microbial methylation in South River sediments.
Cancer prevention through low cost remediation of arsenic in drinking water
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Arsenic is the most potent cancer causing contaminant among those allowed in drinking water. In California, hundreds of poor, rural communities are forced to rely on groundwater contaminated with arsenic for their drinking water. These communities neither have the resources to remove arsenic from their water, nor can they routinely afford bottled water. Our proven earlier technology, called ECAR (ElectroChemical Arsenic Remediation), reliably removes arsenic from high toxic values to below 10 ppb (values considered safe by the U.S. EPA). ECAR has been field tested successfully in South Asia and California.

 We propose the next generation of ECAR, resulting in a compact, high-performance, continuous flow design. This version will be called ACAIE (Air Cathode Assisted Iron Electrocoagulation). It aims to treat water at higher throughput at less than $0.25 per liter. We will conduct research to optimize ACAIE at the lab and field scale. We will also build relationships with a community for implementing a field test. Afterward, we will evaluate ACAIE’s field performance, and disseminate awareness in the community on the health risks from long-term exposure to arsenic in their drinking water.

 We propose to (1) Validate the performance of ACAIE with real California groundwater samples, (2) Establish relationships with community leaders and activists after identifying a suitable community for a field site in California, (3) Design a 250 Liters per Hour ACAIE plant for field testing, (4) Test the plant’s field-performance for 6 months to confirm consistent removal of arsenic to safe levels, (5) Conduct public meetings and outreach efforts in the community to spread awareness about cancer risk associated with arsenic in drinking water, and assess improvement in understanding with social surveys.

 Our results will allow us to decide whether our ACAIE field-plant design works well in the field for 6-months, and what improvements are needed if any. Also, determine if our outreach methods were adequate, or need to be improved. ACAIE promises to be a more compact, less expensive, and more efficient arsenic removal technology than ECAR, for higher throughput systems suitable for California. If successful, this project will bring us closer to solving the arsenic crisis in rural California.
Evaluating Rockefeller Foundation research on drought tolerant rice in China
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuchi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: This research utilizes economic surplus model and cost-benefit analysis to investigate the justifiability and profitability of drought tolerant (DT) rice research investments by Rockefeller Foundation together with Chinese Government.    The research focuses on a sample of 160 rice farmers in Guangxi and Zhejiang who were instructed to plant DT rice. Then another 144 amongst them planted both DT rice and Non-DT rice in the same plot. The impacts of DT rice on yield, irrigation, and farmer’s income are evaluated using both nonparametric and regression analyses.    Results show that DT rice variety significantly increases the yield while decreasing the irrigation. This allows farmers to minimize cost and maximize their income. The research investment has paid off and consumers benefit more than producers from development of drought-tolerant rice variety.
Underlying Mechanisms Regulating the Effects of Inhaled Nicotine upon Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; weakening of the major artery from the heart) disease is a common, morbid and highly lethal disease of older individuals. In the United States, AAAs account for approximately 9,000-30,000 deaths and 150,000 inpatient hospitalizations per year. Current estimates are that AAA affects approximately 3% of women and 6% of men over the age of 65. Through increased awareness campaigns including a Pulitzer Prize winning series of AAA-related articles in the Wall Street Journal in 2004, tens of thousands of patients have come to realize that they have early AAA disease. For these “worried well” patients, whose aneurysms grow at a known and inexorable rate, there are no known effective treatments.

 The most important modifiable risk factor for AAA development is history of tobacco use. Nearly all AAA patients (>90%) relate a history of smoking. Indeed, AAA is more closely associated with cigarette smoking than any other tobacco-related disease except lung cancer. In addition, several small studies have associated continued smoking with more rapid aneurysm expansion. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between smoking and AAA disease have been minimally explored; importantly, there is currently no information about the effects of e-cigarettes or other modes of inhaled nicotine. Given the popularity of e-cigarettes and vaping, especially with younger demographics, understanding the effects of their use on AAA formation is critical. Our lab has now established a model of exposing mice to e-cigarette vapor and observed that this is associated with increased risk for experimental AAA formation. In this resubmission, we propose to determine the role of inhaled nicotine in e-cigarette vapor on vascular inflammation and accelerated AAA formation, focusing on a signaling pathway whereby nicotine induces vascular oxidative stress leading to enhanced inflammatory gene activity, most notably Chi3l1. Different e-cigarette vapor exposure times will be used to delineate the intracellular signaling that leads to enhanced Chi3l1 expression, vascular inflammation and AAA formation. In addition, we will leverage our experience with cell culture models to elucidate the pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine, focusing on the miR-24-Chi3l1 pathway.