cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decoupled synchronized states in networks of linearly coupled limit cycle oscillators
Creators: name: Salova, Anastasiya
name: D'Souza, Raissa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Networks of limit cycle oscillators can show intricate patterns of synchronization such as splay states and cluster synchronization. Here we analyze dynamical states that display a continuum of seemingly independent splay clusters. Each splay cluster is a block splay state consisting of sub-clusters of fully synchronized nodes with uniform amplitudes. Phases of nodes within a splay cluster are equally spaced, but nodes in different splay clusters have an arbitrary phase difference that can be fixed or evolve linearly in time. Such coexisting splay clusters form a decoupled state in that the dynamical equations become effectively decoupled between oscillators that can be physically coupled. We provide the conditions that allow the existence of particular decoupled states by using the eigendecomposition of the coupling matrix. Additionally, we provide an algorithm to search for admissible decoupled states using the external equitable partition and orbital partition considerations combined with symmetry groupoid formalism. Unlike previous studies, our approach is applicable when existence does not follow from symmetries alone and also illustrates the differences between adjacency and Laplacian coupling. We show that the decoupled state can be linearly stable for a substantial range of parameters using a simple eight-node cube network and its modifications as an example. We also demonstrate how the linear stability analysis of decoupled states can be simplified by taking into account the symmetries of the Jacobian matrix. Some network structures can support multiple decoupled patterns. To illustrate that, we show the variety of qualitatively different decoupled states that can arise on two-dimensional square and hexagonal lattices.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
THE SECONDARY ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN WASHINGTON
Creators: name: Findeis, Jill L.
name: Whittlesey, Norman K.
name: Findeis, Jill L.
name: Whittlesey, Norman K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Two potential projects in Washington are examined for their secondary impacts on the economy of the state. A major impact of these projects is to increase the energy costs to regional power consumers. After accounting for the negative impacts of rising energy costs, the long run state level residual income increases by $209 million after irrigating an additional 700,000acres. The distribution of potential benefits is uneven among sectors of the economy and some sectors will possibly experience substantial decreases in returns to stockholder equity as a result of irrigation expansion.
FreezeML: Complete and Easy Type Inference for First-Class Polymorphism
Creators: name: Emrich, Frank
name: Lindley, Sam
name: Stolarek, Jan
name: Cheney, James
name: Coates, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ML is remarkable in providing statically typed polymorphism without the programmer ever having to write any type annotations. The cost of this parsimony is that the programmer is limited to a form of polymorphism in which quantifiers can occur only at the outermost level of a type and type variables can be instantiated only with monomorphic types. Type inference for unrestricted System F-style polymorphism is undecidable in general. Nevertheless, the literature abounds with a range of proposals to bridge the gap between ML and System F. We put forth a new proposal, FreezeML, a conservative extension of ML with two new features. First, let- and lambda-binders may be annotated with arbitrary System F types. Second, variable occurrences may be frozen, explicitly disabling instantiation. FreezeML is equipped with type-preserving translations back and forth between System F and admits a type inference algorithm, an extension of algorithm W, that is sound and complete and which yields principal types.
description: 48 pages, 23 Figures. Accepted for PLDI 2020
Limit values of the non-acyclic Reidemeister torsion for knots
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Yoshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25; 57M05; 57M27; 57Q10

description: We consider the Reidemeister torsion associated with SL(2, C)-representations of a knot group. A bifurcation point in the SL(2, C)-character variety of a knot group is a character which is given by both an abelian SL(2, C)-representation and a non-abelian one. We show that there exist limits of the non-acyclic Reidemeister torsion at bifurcation points and the limits are expressed by using the derivation of the Alexander polynomial of the knot in this paper.
description: to appear in Algebraic and Geometric Topology
Signal analysis of impulse response functions in MR- and CT-measurements of cerebral blood flow
Creators: name: Rost, Evelyn
name: Geske, Ralf
name: Baake, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The impulse response function (IRF) of a localized bolus in cerebral blood flow codes important information on the tissue type. It is indirectly accessible both from MR- and CT-imaging methods, at least in principle. In practice, however, noise and limited signal resolution render standard deconvolution techniques almost useless. Parametric signal descriptions look more promising, and it is the aim of this contribution to develop some improvements along this line.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
THE DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF LAND CONTROLS IN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Just, Richard E.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Just, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The paper introduces a framework for analyzing the impacts of land control programs on agricultural production under heterogenous land qualities, heterogenous production technologies and imperfect capital markets. It shows that the introduction of diversion programs tends to benefit land owners while harming operators. Moreover, it tends to increase the separation of land ownership and operation and increase concentration among operators. Diversion programs tend to raise land prices lass than proportional to the increases in rental rates. They encourage the adoption of yield increasing technologies, and may also encourage adoption of cost reducing technologies when credit is a binding constraint. Participation in voluntary government programs tends to be greater in regions with higher costs, less efficient marginal technology and less efficient marginal land.
Multivariate Log-Skewed Distributions with normal kernel and their Applications
Creators: name: de Queiroz, Marina M.
name: Loschi, Rosangela H.
name: Silva, Roger W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce two classes of multivariate log skewed distributions with normal kernel: the log canonical fundamental skew-normal (log-CFUSN) and the log unified skew-normal (log-SUN). We also discuss some properties of the log-CFUSN family of distributions. These new classes of log-skewed distributions include the log-normal and multivariate log-skew normal families as particular cases. We discuss some issues related to Bayesian inference in the log-CFUSN family of distributions, mainly we focus on how to model the prior uncertainty about the skewing parameter. Based on the stochastic representation of the log-CFUSN family, we propose a data augmentation strategy for sampling from the posterior distributions. This proposed family is used to analyze the US national monthly precipitation data. We conclude that a high dimensional skewing function lead to a better model fit.
description: 20 pages
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND LABOR MARKET DYNAMICS: A STUDY OF SEVEN WESTERN COUNTIES
Creators: name: Halstead, John M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Halstead, John M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Impacts of energy development on the secondary business sector of development-impacted counties are examined in a survey of seven western counties. Problems experienced by businesses in attracting and retaining qualified employees and in expanding to take advantage of growing markets are evaluated. Characteristics of private and public sector employees and their implications for community planning are discussed.
Uncovering the Innovation Productivity of Asian Countries: A Cluster Analysis Approach
Creators: name: Gaylo, Derren
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The interplay of quality education in science and mathematics, university-industry collaboration in research and development, and a number of patents acquired dictates a country’s level of innovation in the global economy. The study explored the innovation efficiency of thirty Asian countries with an attempt to group the nations with similar characteristics and uncover essential associations. Some variables from the Global Competitiveness Index 2017-2018 and the Global Innovation Index 2018 were used as multivariate inputs to the cluster analysis algorithm. Results revealed that there were three clusters of countries derived. Countries with low innovation, six in number, had small scores in the different variables that need to be improved. On the other hand, nations with high innovation, four in number, had the best scores in all the indicators. Further, the twenty countries with average innovation have to continue boosting its quality of Mathematics and Science education and university-industry partnership. Regression models of the different clusters were derived to supplement the results. Much is to be done on the patenting to be at par with the highly innovative countries in the world. In addition, to lessen the innovation gap, nations with high innovation may help the countries with low innovation productivity which is possible due to existing regional intergovernmental organizations in Asia like Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO), and the like. Preview
SIC-POVMs and the Extended Clifford Group
Creators: name: Appleby, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the structure of the extended Clifford Group (defined to be the group consisting of all operators, unitary and anti-unitary, which normalize the generalized Pauli group (or Weyl-Heisenberg group as it is often called)). We also obtain a number of results concerning the structure of the Clifford Group proper (i.e. the group consisting just of the unitary operators which normalize the generalized Pauli group). We then investigate the action of the extended Clifford group operators on symmetric informationally complete POVMs (or SIC-POVMs) covariant relative to the action of the generalized Pauli group. We show that each of the fiducial vectors which has been constructed so far (including all the vectors constructed numerically by Renes et al) is an eigenvector of one of a special class of order 3 Clifford unitaries. This suggests a strengthening of a conjuecture of Zauner's. We give a complete characterization of the orbits and stability groups in dimensions 2-7. Finally, we show that the problem of constructing fiducial vectors may be expected to simplify in the infinite sequence of dimensions 7, 13, 19, 21, 31,... . We illustrate this point by constructing exact expressions for fiducial vectors in dimensions 7 and 19.
description: 27 pages. Version 2 contains some additional discussion of Zauner's original conjecture, and an alternative, possibly stronger version of the conjecture in version 1 of this paper; also a few other minor improvements
Efficient Deep Learning of Non-local Features for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Creators: name: Shen, Yu
name: Zhu, Sijie
name: Chen, Chen
name: Du, Qian
name: Xiao, Liang
name: Chen, Jianyu
name: Pan, Delu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep learning based methods, such as Convolution Neural Network (CNN), have demonstrated their efficiency in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. These methods can automatically learn spectral-spatial discriminative features within local patches. However, for each pixel in an HSI, it is not only related to its nearby pixels but also has connections to pixels far away from itself. Therefore, to incorporate the long-range contextual information, a deep fully convolutional network (FCN) with an efficient non-local module, named ENL-FCN, is proposed for HSI classification. In the proposed framework, a deep FCN considers an entire HSI as input and extracts spectral-spatial information in a local receptive field. The efficient non-local module is embedded in the network as a learning unit to capture the long-range contextual information. Different from the traditional non-local neural networks, the long-range contextual information is extracted in a specially designed criss-cross path for computation efficiency. Furthermore, by using a recurrent operation, each pixel's response is aggregated from all pixels of HSI. The benefits of our proposed ENL-FCN are threefold: 1) the long-range contextual information is incorporated effectively, 2) the efficient module can be freely embedded in a deep neural network in a plug-and-play fashion, and 3) it has much fewer learning parameters and requires less computational resources. The experiments conducted on three popular HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art classification performance with lower computational cost in comparison with several leading deep neural networks for HSI.
COMBINING ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL DATA TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON CROP PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Adams, Richard M.
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Adams, Richard M.
name: Mjelde, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Duality methods utilizing a profit function framework are employed to estimate the output elasticity of ambient ozone levels on cash grain farms in Illinois. While duality methods have been recommended as a cure to many of the statistical problems of direct estimation of production functions, multicollinearity may still be a problem. A method for utilizing stochastic information on parameters of a seemingly unrelated system of equations, which is implied by profit function estimation, is developed and applied to measuring the impact of ozone. Such an approach may be necessary in measuring other environmental effects because of a lack of regressor variability.
UNCERTAINTY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF SALINITY WITH IRRIGATION WATER
Creators: name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Vaux, Henry J.
name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Vaux, Henry J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The impact of uncertain salt balances in irrigate fields is assessed with a hydroeconomic model that incorporates the effects of salinity. Uncertainty in two parameters that jointly determine root zone salinity is investigated and the conclusions prove to depend upon the way in which these parameters enter the mass-balance equation for soil salinity. It is shown that water has a risk reducing marginal effect on output when growers are risk averse and, under certain conditions, when they are risk neutral. The effects of prices, water quality, and crop salt sensitivity on the conclusions are analyzed and an empirical example is employed to illustrate the magnitude of the impacts.
An application of a gravity model to air cargo at Vancouver International Airport
Creators: name: Turner, Sheelah Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: There has been very little research in the area of air cargo demand analysis and forecasting. This thesis attempts to investigate the application of gravity models to air cargo. Using international export volumes from Vancouver International Airport in 1998, a gravity model was built. The inclusion of tariffs as an impedance factor allowed testing of the effect of tariffs as predicted by gravity models. The results were consistent with international trade theory that tariffs provide a barrier to international trade. Further, a comparison is made between aggregate and disaggregate models (across commodities). It was found that aggregation eliminates commodity specific characteristics. In using the gravity model, there are two adjustments which need to be made to reduce the bias in the model: firstly, adjustment is necessary to the bias inherent in the constant term of a log-linear model; and a further adjustment is required when forecasting actual levels rather than log levels. Even after adjustments for both types of bias, the gravity model did not produce accurate forecasts. The aggregate model produced better forecasts than the disaggregate model, but both sets of forecasts did not accurately predict the actual volumes transported. This could be as a result of the stable nature of the variables included in the model, which tend to change very slowly over time. Further, it is apparent that other additional explanatory variables should be included in the models to better capture the short-term changes in air cargo.
Acoustic horizons for axially and spherically symmetric fluid flow
Creators: name: Cadoni, M.
name: Pani, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of acoustic horizons for an inviscid fluid moving in a pipe in the case of stationary and axi-symmetric flow. We show that, differently from what is generally believed, the acoustic horizon forms in correspondence of either a local minimum or maximum of the flux tube cross-section. Similarly, the external potential is required to have either a maximum or a minimum at the horizon, so that the external force has to vanish there. Choosing a power-law equation of state for the fluid, $P\propto ρ^{n}$, we solve the equations of the fluid dynamics and show that the two possibilities are realized respectively for $n>-1$ and $n
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Formation of molecular hydrogen on analogues of interstellar dust grains: experiments and modelling
Creators: name: Vidali, Gianfranco
name: Roser, Joe
name: Manico, Giulio
name: Pirronello, Valerio
name: Perets, Hagai B.
name: Biham, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular hydrogen has an important role in the early stages of star formation as well as in the production of many other molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium. In this review we show that it is now possible to study the formation of molecular hydrogen in simulated astrophysical environments. Since the formation of molecular hydrogen is believed to take place on dust grains, we show that surface science techniques such as thermal desorption and time-of-flight can be used to measure the recombination efficiency, the kinetics of reaction and the dynamics of desorption. The analysis of the experimental results using rate equations gives useful insight on the mechanisms of reaction and yields values of parameters that are used in theoretical models of interstellar cloud chemistry.
description: 23 pages, 7 figs. Published in the J. Phys.: Conf. Ser
On certain Semigroups of Transformations that preserve a partition
Creators: name: Sarkar, Mosarof
name: Singh, Shubh N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M15, 20M20

description: Let $X$ be a nonempty set, and let $\mathcal{T}_X$ be the full transformation semigroup on $X$. For a partition $\mathcal{P} = \{X_i \;|\; i\in I\}$ of $X$, we consider the semigroup $T(X, \mathcal{P}) = \{f\in \mathcal{T}_X\;|\; \forall X_i\;\exists X_j,\; X_i f \subseteq X_j\}$, the subsemigroup $Σ(X, \mathcal{P}) = \{f\in T(X, \mathcal{P})\;|\; Xf \cap X_i \neq \emptyset\; \forall X_i\}$, and the group of units $S(X, \mathcal{P})$ of $T(X, \mathcal{P})$. In this paper, we first characterize the elements of $Σ(X, \mathcal{P})$. For a permutation $f$ of finite $X$, we next observe whether there exists a nontrivial partition $\mathcal{P}$ of $X$ such that $f\in S(X, \mathcal{P})$. We then characterize and enumerate the idempotents in the semigroup $Σ(X, \mathcal{P})$ for arbitrary and finite $X$, respectively. We also characterize the elements of $S(X, \mathcal{P})$. For finite $X$, we finally calculate the cardinality of $T(X, \mathcal{P})$, $Σ(X, \mathcal{P})$, and $S(X, \mathcal{P})$.
description: 13 pages
Optimal Formation of Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed Traffic Flow
Creators: name: Li, Keqiang
name: Wang, Jiawei
name: Zheng, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Platooning of multiple autonomous vehicles has attracted significant attention in both academia and industry. Despite its great potential, platooning is not the only choice for the formation of autonomous vehicles in mixed traffic flow, where autonomous vehicles and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) coexist. In this paper, we investigate the optimal formation of autonomous vehicles that can achieve an optimal system-wide performance in mixed traffic flow. Specifically, we consider the optimal $\mathcal{H}_2$ performance of the entire traffic flow, reflecting the potential of autonomous vehicles in mitigating traffic perturbations. Then, we formulate the optimal formation problem as a set function optimization problem. Numerical results reveal two predominant optimal formations: uniform distribution and platoon formation, depending on traffic parameters. In addition, we show that 1) the prevailing platoon formation is not always the optimal choice; 2) platoon formation might be the worst choice when HDVs have a poor string stability behavior. These results suggest more opportunities for the formation of autonomous vehicles, beyond platooning, in mixed traffic flow.
description: Accepted by 21st IFAC World Congress; 7 pages, 6 figures
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Samastipur District, India
Creators: name: Akhilesh Kumar Mishra
name: Prabuddh Kumar Mishra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Gender studies

description: Demographic properties are an imperative concern which impedes management and development planning of a region. Present research delves into all demographic process reflecting the various states of spatial manifestation of discrete aspects of population and uneven spatial distribution in study area associated with physical, ecological and socio-economic variables. This study is examined in the context of Pusa block, Samastipur district, Bihar. This paper advocates the population dynamics with respect to allocation of resources. The study is grounded on data collected at village level from Primary Census Abstract, Directorate of Census operation, Census of India for the period of 1991 to 2011. Geographic knowledge and statistical method have been applied to portray and dictate the population growth pattern harmonizing with the spatial extent of study area.
title: Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy of delafossite metals
Creators: name: Sunko, Veronika
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: This thesis describes the results of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments on delafossite oxide metals, and theoretical work explaining the observations. The main results of the thesis are reported in three chapters, each of which is dedicated to a diﬀerent physical observation, as I describe below. The delafossite metals exhibit extraordinarily high conductivity, motivating a study of bulk electronic structure. I report measurements of the bulk electronic structure of the non-magnetic delafossites PdCoO₂ and PtCoO₂. In each, a single fast band crosses the Fermi level, resulting in a highly two-dimensional Fermi surface of nearly hexagonal cross-section. The detailed diﬀerences between the materials are described, and so are the possible many-body renormalisations. Extension of the measurements to the electronic structure of the antiferromagnetic delafossite metal PdCrO₂ reveals a signal which I realised cannot be explained in terms of standard pictures of electron behaviour in a periodic potential. Using a combination of experiment and theory, partly in collaboration with external groups, we were able to identify its origin as the Kondo-like coupling of itinerant Pd - and localised Cr - electrons. In doing so we are able to show that that ARPES can be sensitive to spin-spin correlations. Furthermore, I report measurements and analysis of the surface states arising from the transition metal terminated surfaces of PtCoO₂, PdCoO₂ and PdRhO₂. The states support a large Rashba-like spin-splitting, the energy scale of which is comparable to the atomic spin-orbit coupling of the relevant transition metal ion. I show how this arises as a consequence of the large energy scale of inversion symmetry breaking at the surface, and that this is in turn a consequence of the unusual structure of the transition metal oxide layer.
EFFECTS OF BANKING STRUCTURE ON THE ALLOCATION OF CREDIT TO NONMETROPOLITAN COMMUNITIES
Creators: name: Barkley, David L.
name: Mellon, Cindy
name: Potts, Glenn T.
name: Barkley, David L.
name: Mellon, Cindy
name: Potts, Glenn T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Recent and proposed legislative changes encourage increases in multioffice banking activity. In this manuscript, the allocation of credit to nonmetropolitan communities in a branch banking state (Arizona) is compared to that in a unit banking-holding company state (Colorado). Rapidly growing nonmetropolitan areas have experienced increased lending activity under statewide branching relative to unit banking. Rural communities, which experienced slow or negative growth, had lower loan-to-deposit rations under branch banking than might have existed under unit banking. Therefore, conversion to branch banking may result in a reallocation of loanable funds within nonmetropolitan areas.
Knotting of random ring polymers in confined spaces
Creators: name: Micheletti, C.
name: Marenduzzo, D.
name: Orlandini, E.
name: Sumners, D. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic simulations are used to characterize the knotting distributions of random ring polymers confined in spheres of various radii. The approach is based on the use of multiple Markov chains and reweighting techniques, combined with effective strategies for simplifying the geometrical complexity of ring conformations without altering their knot type. By these means we extend previous studies and characterize in detail how the probability to form a given prime or composite knot behaves in terms of the number of ring segments, $N$, and confining radius, $R$. For $ 50 \le N \le 450 $ we show that the probability of forming a composite knot rises significantly with the confinement, while the occurrence probability of prime knots are, in general, non-monotonic functions of 1/R. The dependence of other geometrical indicators, such as writhe and chirality, in terms of $R$ and $N$ is also characterized. It is found that the writhe distribution broadens as the confining sphere narrows.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phys
Electronic charge transfer driven by spin cycloidal structure
Creators: name: Ishii, Y.
name: Horio, S.
name: Noda, Y.
name: Hiraishi, M.
name: Okabe, H.
name: Miyazaki, M.
name: Takeshita, S.
name: Koda, A.
name: Kojima, K. M.
name: Kadono, R.
name: Sagayama, H.
name: Nakao, H.
name: Murakami, Y.
name: Kimura, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon spin rotation and resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments on prototype multiferroics RMn2O5 (R = Y, Sm) are used to demonstrate that the local electric displacements are driven by the spin-current (SC) mechanism. Small local electric displacements were evaluated by observing spin polarization at ligand O ions, for which implanted muons served as an extremely sensitive probe. Our results for YMn2O5 provide evidence that the spin polarization of O ions forming a spin cycloid chain with Mn spins increases in proportion to the vector spin chirality (Si x Sj ) of the Mn ions. This relationship strongly indicates that the charge transfer between O and Mn ions is driven by the SC mechanism, which leads to the ferroelectricity accompanying O spin polarization.
PARAMETER STABILITY AND THE U.S. DEMAND FOR BEEF
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Meilke, Karl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The main objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that consumer preferences for beef in the United States have been affected by structural change, which reduces to testing for parameter stability in estimated demand equations. To this end, alternative specifications of the demand function are estimated using a general form of the Box-Cox transformation. Tests based on recursive residuals and on the F distribution provide little evidence of structural change, and suggest that the recent decline in beef consumption may be explained by changes in relative prices.
The XVIth century fresco of the ΔΕΥΤΕΡΑ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ at Sinai
Creators: name: Meinardus, Otto F. A.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 53 (1969): Oriens christianus, Band 53
Interactive-Online-And-Offline-Games-Their-Influence-To-The-Mathematical-Aptitude-Of-Secondary-School-Learners.pdf
Creators: name: Gaylo, Derren
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Education
subject: 130106 Secondary Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Playing interactive games, both online and offline, might pose risks leading to poor academic achievement. This alarmed parents and school authorities especially that the difference between game engagement and addiction has not been fully understood. The present study determined the influence of interactive games on the mathematical aptitude of secondary school learners. It was conducted at Halapitan National High School, Division of Bukidnon, for the school year 2018-2019, with 208 respondents from Grade 10 and 11 learners. The study utilized descriptive-comparative research design, while employing researcher-made survey questionnaire and National Career Assessment Examination results as main data gathering tools. The appropriate statistical techniques like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to treat the data. Results revealed that the mathematical aptitude of the respondents was at Low Average, showing that the learners showed little knowledge and understanding in the mathematical concepts tested. Moreover, the extent of exposure of the learners in the study is Slightly Exposed to the different levels of interactive games. Further, there is no significant difference in the mathematical aptitude of secondary school learners when grouped according to the levels of interactivity of games they play and their extent of exposure.
Second-order Phase Transition in Phytoplankton Trait Dynamics
Creators: name: Held, Jenny
name: Lorimer, Tom
name: Pomati, Francesco
name: Stoop, Ruedi
name: Albert, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Key traits of unicellular species, like cell size, often follow scale-free or self-similar distributions, hinting at the possibility of an underlying critical process. However, linking such empirical scaling laws to the critical regime of realistic individual-based model classes is difficult. Here we reveal new empirical scaling evidence associated with a transition in the population and chlorophyll dynamics of phytoplankton. We offer a possible explanation for these observations by deriving scaling laws in the vicinity of the critical point of a new universality class of non-local cell growth and division models. This `criticality hypothesis' can be tested through new scaling predictions derived for our model class, for the response of chlorophyll distributions to perturbations. The derived scaling laws may also be generalized to other cellular traits and environmental drivers relevant to phytoplankton ecology.
description: Companion paper in BioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/679209
Constraints on Dirac-Born-Infeld type dark energy models from varying alpha
Creators: name: Garousi, Mohammad R.
name: Sami, M.
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the variation of the effective fine structure constant alpha for Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) type dark energy models. The DBI action based on string theory naturally gives rise to a coupling between gauge fields and a scalar field responsible for accelerated expansion of the universe. This leads to the change of alpha due to a dynamical evolution of the scalar field, which can be compatible with the recently observed cosmological data around the redshift $\tilde{z} \lesssim 3$. We place constraints on several different DBI models including exponential, inverse power-law and rolling massive scalar potentials. We find that these models can satisfy the varying alpha constraint provided that mass scales of the potentials are fine-tuned. When we adopt the mass scales which are motivated by string theory, both exponential and inverse power-law potentials give unacceptably large change of alpha, thus ruled out from observations. On the other hand the rolling massive scalar potential is compatible with the observationally allowed variation of alpha. Therefore the information of varying alpha provides a powerful way to distinguish between a number of string-inspired DBI dark energy models.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
IMPACTS OF PRICE VARIABILITY ON MARKETING MARGINS AND PRODUCER VIABILITY IN THE TEXAS WHEAT INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Grant, Warren R.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Schnake, L.D.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Grant, Warren R.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Schnake, L.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The effects on marketing margins and Texas what producers of shifting from a period with stable prices to a period without stable prices were investigated using both econometric and simulation techniques. Empirical evidence reveals wheat export firms are risk averse and that either futures markets were unable to absorb increased price risk or futures markets absorbed increased price risk at a cost of $0.054 per bushel. Increased variability in prices and reduced farm program benefits substantially reduced the probability of Texas wheat producers receiving a reasonable return on equity and a reasonable rate of asset accumulation.
Electroweak-Symmetric Dark Monopoles from Preheating
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Korwar, Mrunal
name: Orlofsky, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the dark sector contains 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles and a small enough dark gauge coupling, dark monopoles could be a macroscopic dark matter candidate. Its Higgs-portal coupling to the Standard Model can modify the electroweak vacuum in the monopole interior. In the most striking cases, dark monopoles could even contain electroweak-symmetric cores and generate multi-hit signals at large-volume detectors. If they are produced via parametric resonance in the early Universe, monopoles with radii up to one micron and masses up to ten kilotonnes could account for all of dark matter.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures
Interaction of phages with outer membrane vesicles: Immunological aspect
Creators: name: Bandar A. Alrashid
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria. Although it is clear that phages may help the host immune system to kill bacterial pathogens, many details of bacteria-phage-host immune interactions remain poorly understood. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are one of the virulence factors of Gram-negative organisms. OMVs are spherical membrane-enclosed microparticles produced during bacterial growth. During bacterial infections, OMVs are recognized by the host immune system and participate in the elicitation of immune responses. OMVs have been found to interact with bacteriophages in a host-specific manner. The effects of such interactions on the biological functions of OMVs remain largely unknown. In this project, research into the immunological consequences of bacteriophages interacting with OMVs was assessed by investigating whether OMV-phage interaction affects the inflammatory response elicited by OMVs alone.An important methodological development from this project was to optimise a protocol to isolate and purify OMVs from E. coli. OMVs were isolated in a highly pure form. They were interacted with purified E. coli specific phages. OMVs, phages and OMV-phage mixtures were then interacted with macrophage cells, and it was found that the OMV-phage interaction led to a reduction of the pro-inflammatory response elicited by OMVs alone. This suggests that phages may impact bacterial-host immune system interactions not only by killing the pathogens, but also by altering host responses elicited by the conserved bacterial virulence factor, OMVs.Furthermore, preliminary results revealed that interactions of a bacterial lysogen with macrophages or whole blood samples resulted in the induction of prophages from lysogenized bacteria. This may suggest that during the interaction of bacteria with the host immune system, some bacteria may be killed not by the immune assault per se, but by the induced prophages.Three bacteriophages infecting K. pneumoniae were isolated from sewage samples by the traditional method of phage isolation. Genomic and biological characterisations were performed on two of these phages. These phages were used in this current research and may be used in the future to investigate their impact on the immunological responses elicited by Klebsiella OMVs, once a methodology to isolate sufficient quantities of OMVs from this pathogen is developed.
A Diffusion Model for Highly Fluctuating Phenomenon: Application to Global Hunger
Creators: name: Gaylo, Derren
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10203 Calculus of Variations, Systems Theory and Control Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: 160505 Economic Development Policy

description: Diffusion models are highly studied in physics but are seldom explored in social sciences. However, many social phenomena can be succinctly described in terms of sociological phenomenon such as imitation, cohesion, and group function, which are all characteristics of a diffusion model. In this paper, a diffusion model of the Fick’s type is proposed to describe the underlying behavior of hunger spread in different countries. Based on the global hunger indices of 69 countries from 2008, 2013, and 2018, the indices were decreasing from 2008 to 2013. However, towards 2018 the hunger indices rose. With the Fick’s type diffusion model of hunger, its spread in different countries seem to be irregular. As time passes the hunger indices will be distributed in a normal curve. With these results, hunger continually persists, even with the presence of anti-hunger interventions. The behavior of hunger incidence depends on the country’s living condition and environment. War, drought, and even diet may cause hunger. Sustaining the decrease of hunger indices of a country is a growing concern that every country faces nowadays.
"MARKET": A DEFINITION FOR TEACHING
Creators: name: Houck, James P.
name: Houck, James P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This short piece is an abstract, partial equilibrium approach to defining the term "market" in terms useful to students of agricultural economics. Neither the short, dictionary-style definitions, nor the longer, more discursive descriptions available are altogether satisfactory for teaching students what a market is--especially in terms consistent with the basic theoretical constructs that we insist they learn. This particular attempt uses familiar concepts of supply and demand but presents them so as to highlight the idea of a "market."
The Chemical Composition of Cepheids in the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Mottini, M.
name: Romaniello, M.
name: Primas, F.
name: Bono, G.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Francois, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the elemental abundances of 68 Galactic and Magellanic Cepheids from FEROS and UVES high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra in order to establish the influence of the chemical composition on the properties of these stars (see Romaniello et al. 2005). Here we describe the robust analytical procedure we have developed to accurately determine them. The resulting iron abundances span a range between ~ -0.80 dex for stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud and ~ +0.20 dex for the most metal-rich ones in the Galaxy. While the average values for each galaxy are in good agreement with non-pulsating stars of similar age, Cepheids display a significant spread. Thus it is fundamental to measure the metallicity of individual stars.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Stellar Pulsation and Evolution", 2005. Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Eds.: A. R. Walker and G. Bono
Simulating jets from a neutron star companion hours after a core collapse supernova
Creators: name: Akashi, Muhammad
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to explore the interaction of jets that a neutron star (NS) companion to a type Ic or type Ib core collapse supernova (CCSN) launches few hours after explosion with the ejecta of the CCSN. We assume that a NS companion at 5Ro from the exploding star accretes mass from the slower inner ejecta through an accretion disk, and that the disk launches two opposite jets. Although the energy of the jets is only about one per cent of the total energy of the ejecta, it is comparable to the energy of the slower inner part of the ejecta. We find that the jets inflate one low-density hot bubble to one side of the ejecta, and that this bubble expands to influence ejecta gas up to expansion velocities of v=3500 km/s. The post-shock jets' material develops a large meridional flow and small vortexes. The boundary between the ejecta and jets' post-shock gases is unstable. The instabilities and vortexes mix jets' gas with the ejecta. We expect such a hot bubble to contribute to the light curve of CCSNe that are progenitors of binary NS systems, in particular to observers on the side of the bubble.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ
Metacognitive Strategies: Their Effects on Students' Academic Achievement and Engagement in Mathematics
Creators: name: Gaylo, Derren
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebra
subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: This study investigated the effects of metacognitive strategies on student’s academic achievement and engagement in Mathematics. It was conducted in Aplaya National High School, Schools Division of Misamis Oriental, Philippines, during the school year 2015-2016. A total of 60 Grade 9 students were the participants of the study. Pretest-Posttest Quasi-Experimental research design was used. The data were gathered using the researchermade academic achievement test and engagement scale in Mathematics. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. One-way analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was utilized to test if the significant differences existed between the experimental and the control groups, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test if there is a significant relationship between the two groups. Findings revealed that the academic achievement of Grade 9 students when taught using metacognitive strategies was Very Satisfactory; while the students taught with the conventional teaching strategies was Fairly Satisfactory. There was a significant difference in the academic achievement of students in Mathematics in favor of the experimental group. Moreover, the engagement in Mathematics of both groups was on the average level, but there was no significant difference between them. In addition, there is a significant relationship between students' academic achievement and engagement in Mathematics.