cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Galactic Bulges from HST NICMOS Observations: Global Scaling Relations
Creators: name: Balcells, M.
name: Graham, A. W.
name: Peletier, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate bulge and disk scaling relations using a volume-corrected sample of early- to intermediate-type disk galaxies in which, importantly, the biasing flux from additional nuclear components has been modeled and removed. Structural parameters are obtained from a seeing-convolved, bulge+disk+nuclear-component decomposition applied to near-infrared surface brightness profiles spanning ~10 pc to the outer disk. Bulge and disk parameters, and bulge-to-disk ratios, are analyzed as a function of bulge luminosity, disk luminosity, galaxy central velocity dispersion, and galaxy Hubble type. Mathematical expressions are given for the stronger relations, which can be used to test and constrain galaxy formation models. Photometric parameters of both bulges and disks are observed to correlate with bulge luminosity and with central velocity dispersion. In contrast, for the unbarred, early to intermediate types covered by the sample, Hubble type does not correlate with bulge and disk components, nor their various ratios. In this sense, the early-to-intermediate spiral Hubble sequence is scale-free. However, galaxies themselves are not scale-free, the critical scale being the luminosity of the bulge. Bulge luminosity is shown to affect the disk parameters, such that central surface brightness becomes fainter, and scale-length bigger, with bulge luminosity. The lack of significant correlations between bulge pararmeters (size, luminosity or density) on disk luminosity, remains a challenge for secular evolution models of bulge growth.
description: Accepted by ApJ
THE FUTURE ENVIRONMENT FOR SOUTH AFRICA'S AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Eckert, Jerry B.
name: Eckert, Jerry B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Current political and economic trends are described. The economic restructuring and development policy scenario considered most likely in the near term is projected along with probable components of future land policy in order to describe the overall policy environment in which agriculture will find itself in the 1990s. After a brief review of specific components of the agricultural situation, the most likely future pricing and policy trends in agriculture are hypothesized.
title: Combinatorial Embeddings and Representations
Creators: name: Psomas, Constantinos
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: Topological embeddings of complete graphs and complete multipartite graphs give rise to combinatorial designs when the faces of the embeddings are triangles. In this case, the blocks of the design correspond to the triangular faces of the embedding. These designs include Steiner, twofold and Mendelsohn triple systems, as well as Latin squares. We look at construction methods, structural properties and other problems concerning these cases. In addition, we look at graph representations by Steiner triple systems and by combinatorial embeddings. This is closely related to finding independent sets in triple systems. We examine which graphs can be represented in Steiner triple systems and combinatorial embeddings of small orders and give several bounds including a bound on the order of Steiner triple systems that are guaranteed to represent all graphs of a given maximum degree. Finally, we provide an enumeration of graphs of up to six edges representable by Steiner triple systems.
Infrared Photometry and Evolution of Mass-Losing AGB Stars I. Carbon Stars Revisited
Creators: name: Guandalini, R.
name: Busso, M.
name: Ciprini, S.
name: Silvestro, G.
name: Persi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of a reanalysis of galactic Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars at infrared (IR) wavelengths, we discuss a sample (357) of carbon stars for which mass loss rates, near-IR photometry and distance estimates exist. For 252 sources we collected mid-IR fluxes from the MSX (6C) and the ISO-SWS catalogues. Most stars have spectral energy distributions up to 21 microns, and some (1/3) up to 45 microns. This wide wavelength coverage allows us to obtain reliable bolometric magnitudes. The properties of our sample are discussed with emphasis on about 70 stars with astrometric distances. We show that mid-IR fluxes are crucial to estimate the magnitude of stars with dusty envelopes. We construct HR diagrams and show that the luminosities agree fairly well with model predictions based on the Schwarzschild's criterion, contrary to what is widely argued in the literature. A problem with the brightness of C stars does not appear to exist. From the relative number of Mira and Semiregular C-variables, we argue that the switch between these classes is unlikely to be connected to thermal pulses. The relevance of the two populations varies with the evolution, with Miras dominating the final stages. We also analyze mass loss rates, which increase for increasing luminosity, but with a spread that probably results from a dependence on a number of parameters (like e.g. different stellar masses and different mechanisms powering stellar winds). Instead, mass loss rates are well monitored by IR colours, especially if extended to 20 microns and beyond, where AGB envelopes behave like black bodies. From these colours the evolutionary status of various classes of C stars is discussed.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in "Astronomy & Astrophysics"
PEASANT FARMING AND THE RURAL ECONOMY OF THE EAST CAPE
Creators: name: De Lange, A. O.
name: De Lange, A. O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Peasant agriculture seeks to supplement off-farm sources of income rather than to sustain rural families. In order to enable small parttime farmers to make the most efficient use of the existing agricultural resouces, support systems must be designed keeping this reality in mind. These systems will differ in many respects from those designed to facilitate the establishment of farmers.
Effects of the Violation of the Equivalence Principle at DUNE
Creators: name: Díaz, F. N.
name: Hoefken, J.
name: Gago, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of different effects of the violation of the Equivalence Principle (VEP), taken as sub-leading mechanism of neutrino flavor oscillation, are examined within the framework of the DUNE experiment. We study the possibility of obtaining a misleading neutrino oscillation parameter region caused by our unawareness of VEP. Additionally, we evaluate the impact on the measurement of CP violation and the distinction of neutrino mass hierarchy at DUNE. Besides, limits on VEP for a wide variety of textures of the matrix that connects neutrino gravity eigenstates to flavor eigenstates are imposed. An extra-task of our study is to set limits on Hamiltonian added terms considering different energy dependencies ($E^n$, with $n=0,1,2,3$) that can be associated to the usual Lorentz violating terms defined in the Standard Model Extension Hamiltonian. In order to understand our results, approximated analytical three neutrino oscillation probability formulae are derived.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
title: Uptake of Best-Practice Recommendations for Management of Acutely Ill Children Admitted in Kenyatta National Hospital: A Longituinal Study Employing Participatory Research in a Complex Environment
Creators: name: Irimu, Grace Waithiegeni
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: The need for improving practice in low-income settings has been demonstrated in recent research assessing the quality of hospital care. Consequently, the Ministry of Health developed clinical practice guidelines and an evidenced-based programme for their dissemination. This thesis explored what factors influence the uptake of the best-practice recommendations in a university teaching hospital. This thesis used a mixed methods research approach that utilized a before and after design and participatory action research. This approach recognizes that health recommendations are compiled for universal use, but that their successful implementation requires particular attention to the individual and complex socio-political contexts of each setting, both at the micro and -macro level, which in this case was the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). This thesis is supported by eighteen months of participant observation, based on ethnographic research methodology and action research. Patients' care was largely inconsistent with best-practice recommendations, with nine of the 17 key indicators having performance of below 10% in the pre-intervention period. The intervention had an absolute effect size of over 20% in eight of the 17 key indicators; three of which had an effect size of over 50%. The indicators that required collective efficacy achieved performance of less than 10% in the post-intervention period. The activities during the action research component failed to predict the trend in practitioners' performance, illustrating the difficulty of gaining a holistic understanding of the quantitative results using component parts of the qualitative results as the lens. The notion of professionalism provided an overarching understanding of the implementation process. There were clear gaps between the stated values espoused in the ideal of professionalism and the observed actions of professionals in KNH. Gaps spanned knowledge management, expertise and skills, teamwork, conscientiousness and patient centeredness. I attributed the gaps in professionalism to complexity of professional development.
Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) ritchiei subsp. bottoi
Creators: name: Harrison, J. Du G.
name: Scholtz, C. H.
name: Chown, S. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Scarabaeus
Scarabaeus ritchiei
Scarabaeus (scarabaeus) ritchiei bottoi (gridelli, 1930)

description: Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) ritchiei bottoi (Gridelli, 1930).
 Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) sevoistra Alluaud, 1902.
description: Published as part of Harrison, J. Du G., Scholtz, C. H. & Chown, S. L., 2003, A revision of the endemic south-western African dung beetle subgenus Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) MacLeay, including notes on other flightless Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), pp. 305-355 in Journal of Natural History 37 (3) on page 352, DOI: 10.1080/713834683, http://zenodo.org/record/4653422
Anomalous fluctuations in phases with a broken continuous symmetry
Creators: name: Zwerger, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the Goldstone modes associated with a broken continuous symmetry lead to anomalously large fluctuations of the zero field order parameter at any temperature below T_c. In dimensions 2
description: final version, minor changes
Time-optimal control of a dissipative qubit
Creators: name: Lin, Chungwei
name: Sels, Dries
name: Wang, Yebin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A formalism based on Pontryagin's maximum principle is applied to determine the time-optimal protocol that drives a general initial state to a target state by a Hamiltonian with limited control, i.e., there is a single control field with bounded amplitude. The coupling between the bath and the qubit is modeled by a Lindblad master equation. Dissipation typically drives the system to the maximally mixed state; consequently, there generally exists an optimal evolution time beyond which the decoherence prevents the system from getting closer to the target state. For some specific dissipation channel, however, the optimal control can keep the system from the maximum entropy state for infinitely long. The conditions under which this specific situation arises are discussed in detail. The numerical procedure to construct the time-optimal protocol is described. In particular, the formalism adopted here can efficiently evaluate the time-dependent singular control which turns out to be crucial in controlling either an isolated or a dissipative qubit.
description: 7 figures
Improving agricultural marketing efficiency through the commodity exchange system in Nigeria: a review
Creators: name: Issa, F.O.
name: Fapojuwo, O.E.
name: Bidoli, T.D.
name: Issa, F.O.
name: Fapojuwo, O.E.
name: Bidoli, T.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agricultural marketing
subject: Commodity exchange
subject: Marketing efficiency
subject: Nigeria

description: The characteristic of informal marketing (exemplified by black maketeering, smuggling, hoarding, haggling, lack of standards, wastage during harvest periods, as well as poor infrastructural supports) in the Nigerian agriculture, which has remained a major clog in the wheel of agricultural and economic development progress is very disturbing. It involves farm inputs and farm outputs as well as traded and non-traded commodities. This prevailing disorder in Nigeria, since the abolition of the ‘commodity board’ in 1987, makes farming business more risky and unstable thereby making farm operators to be in the dark as to what to produce, when and where to produce, how to obtain inputs and what the right prices are. This paper x-rays this disorder and recommends the establishment of commodity exchange as a measure to ameliorate the inefficient marketing arrangements in the country’s agriculture. It analyses the fundamentals and features of commodity exchange with examples around the World. It further identified the risks involved and how the risks can be reduced. Importantly, the paper discussed the modalities for establishing the commodity exchange in the Nigerian situation specifying the roles of extension agency.
Yoldiella micrometrica
Creators: name: La Perna, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Nuculanoida
Yoldiidae
Yoldiella
Yoldiella micrometrica

description: Yoldiella micrometrica (Seguenza, 1877)
(figure 1 a–d)
 Yoldia micrometrica sp. n., Seguenza, 1877a: 96.
 Yoldia micrometrica, Seguenza, 1877b: 21, pl. 4, figure 22–22c.
 Type material. The type material is lost and a neotype is here designated (left valve, MZB 40659).
 Type locality. Vallone Catrica (southern Calabria), Pleistocene bathyal muddy beds.
 Material examined. Four vs from the neotype locality.
 Description. Shell small, slightly inequilateral, ovate-trigonal, elongated, shortly and bluntly rostrated, moderately inflated, rather sturdy for size. Umbo at midline, small and moderately projecting from shell outline, slightly opisthogyrate. Anterodorsal margin slightly convex, rapidly and smoothly sloping to form a broadly rounded anterior margin. Postero-dorsal margin straight, sloping to form a short, well-rounded rostrum, slightly below shell height midline. Ventral margin wide, evenly curved to faintly straight near midline. Surface with fine growth lines, becoming well incised, and irregularly spaced lines towards ventral margin. Hinge plate moderately thick, making a 130 ° angle, anterior row a little longer than posterior one. Dentition taxodont with chevron-shaped teeth, numbering seven anteriorly and six posteriorly in neotype. Ligament pit elliptic, shallow. Muscle scars roundish, well impressed. Pallial line fairly well impressed, forming a shallow, hardly distinct posterior sinus. Prodissoconch D-shaped, ca 300 µ m long. Neotype 2.08 mm in length, 1.31 mm in height, 0.50 mm in breadth.
 Distribution. Only known from Pleistocene bathyal beds in southern Italy (Messina Strait area). The species was originally reported from a locality near Messina, where the type horizon is no longer exposed. The neotype is from a nearby locality on the Calabrian side of the Messina Strait, where beds of the same age and bathyal environment outcrop (Di Geronimo and La Perna, 1997).
 Remarks. Yoldiella micrometrica has a somewhat ‘triangular’ outline, because of the rather low position of the rostrum and the weak convexity of the ventral margin. This shape was described as ‘ trigona ’ (triangular) by Seguenza (1877a) in the brief original description. Later, when it was more extensively described, Seguenza (1877b) wrote: ‘ oblonga-subtrigona ’, ‘This very small species is well distinct by the trigonal shape…’. A well-distinct small living species has been up to now misidentified as Y. micrometrica (see below) and a neotype is here designated in order to fix the identity of the fossil species.
description: Published as part of La Perna, R., 2004, The identity of Yoldia micrometrica Seguenza, 1877 and three new deep-sea protobranchs from the Mediterranean (Bivalvia), pp. 1045-1057 in Journal of Natural History 38 on pages 1047-1048
Charles-Auguste-Hyacinthe Cordier de Caudri
Creators: name: Plouvain, Pierre-Antoine-Samuel-Joseph (1754-1832)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017
Subjects: Officier de justice d'Ancien Régime

description: Source: http://www.sudoc.fr/080675700
description: Coverage: Parlement de Flandre
Aging at the edge of chaos: Glassy dynamics and nonextensive statistics
Creators: name: Robledo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We go over our finding that the dynamics at the noise-perturbed edge of chaos in logistic maps is comparable to that observed in supercooled liquids close to vitrification. That is, the three major features of glassy dynamics in structural glass formers, two-step relaxation, aging, and a relationship between relaxation time and configurational entropy, are displayed by orbits with vanishing Lyapunov exponent. The known properties in control-parameter space of the noise-induced bifurcation gap play a central role in determining the characteristics of dynamical relaxation at the chaos threshold. Time evolution is obtained from the Feigenbaum RG transformation, it is expressed analytically via q-exponentials, and described in terms of nonextensive statistics. Key words: Glassy dynamics, ergodicity breakdown, edge of chaos, external noise, nonextensive statistics
description: Contribution to the proceedings of VIII Latin American Workshop on Nonlinear Phenomena (LAWNP03), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Sept. 28 - Oct. 3, 2003. Submitted to Physica A
DETERMINING THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR'S ROLE IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Van Rooyen, Johan
name: Machethe, Charles
name: Van Rooyen, Johan
name: Machethe, Charles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The role and contribution of the agricultural sector in regional development has been argued positively for economic growth and development. Promoting support programmes for commercial and subsistence/emerging agriculture should therefore receive priority in regional support programmes. An analytical approach to determine agriculture's role has been proposed as well as to establish the required policy measures and public sector support. Two requisites for the application of this proposed approach needs to be emphasized: (i) A reasonable level of data and information is required. It is however, believed that this data base is sufficiently representative for South Africa's various regions to determine major policy approaches and support programmes. The establishment of commodity based linkages and multipliers will further enhance these processes; (ii) In the present South African environment consultation and participation of all relevant groupings during policy making processes seem imperative. Each region will have to give content to this aspect in its own right.
Defining and implementing social sustainability at the University of British Columbia
Creators: name: Sinclair, Caitlin
name: St-Maurice, Max
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Functional Determinant on Pseudo-Einstein 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Maalaoui, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J3, 58J50

description: Given a three dimensional pseudo-Einstein CR manifold $(M,T^{1,0}M,θ)$, we establish an expression for the difference of determinants of the Paneitz type operators $A_θ$, related to the problem of prescribing the $Q'$-curvature, under the conformal change $θ\mapsto e^{w}θ$ with $w\in ¶$ the space of pluriharmonic functions. This generalizes the expression of the functional determinant in four dimensional Riemannian manifolds established in \cite{BO2}. We also provide an existence result of maximizers for the scaling invariant functional determinant as in \cite{CY}.
description: 14 pages
Ledella Verrill and Bush 1897
Creators: name: La Perna, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Nuculanoida
Nuculanidae
Ledella

description: Genus Ledella Verrill and Bush, 1897
 Type-species Ledella bushae Warén, 1978.
 Warén (1978, 1981) contributed to the definition of the genus Ledella and its type-species (ICZN, 1985), referring to this genus species with a rather solid shell and hinge, a well-developed blunt rostration and a posteriorly inclined umbo. Warén (1978) also stated that ‘ Yoldiella may be separated [from Ledella] by having a less rounded shell which is more compressed and has a less solid hinge’. However, there is a group of fossil and living European species which differs from the typical Ledella species in having a less inclined umbo and a slightly keeled and markedly pointed rostrum. These species should be more properly attributed to Ledella, rather than the confused genus Yoldiella. This group includes the living Ledella messanensis (Jeffreys, 1870), L. folini (Warén, 1878), probably also L. pustulosa (Jeffreys, 1876), and the Pleistocene L. rectidorsata (Seguenza, 1877), the Pliocene L. seminulum (Seguenza, 1877) and the Miocene L. peraffinis (Seguenza, 1877) and L. glabra Laghi and Palazzi, 1989.
description: Published as part of La Perna, R., 2004, The identity of Yoldia micrometrica Seguenza, 1877 and three new deep-sea protobranchs from the Mediterranean (Bivalvia), pp. 1045-1057 in Journal of Natural History 38 on page 1052
On the analysis of the pi -> e nu gamma experimental data
Creators: name: Poblaguev, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most general amplitude for the radiative pion decay pi -> e nu gamma including terms beyond V-A theory is considered. The experimental constraints on the decay amplitude components are discussed. A model independent presentation of the results of high statistics and high resolution experiments is suggested.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
LAND REFORM: LAND USE AND LAND-USE REGULATION
Creators: name: Vink, Nick
name: Vink, Nick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper reports on some issues which need to be taken into account in policy towards the introduction of a land tax. The lessons are drawn from papers read at an international conference at Cambridge, Mass. The major issues include the general criteria for efficient and fair taxation; the potential overlap between land use and land tax policy; the economic interrelationship between these; and the public choice aspects of a land tax.
Polarization transfer to bound protons measured by quasi-elastic electron scattering on $^{12}$C
Creators: name: Brecelj, Tilen
name: Paul, Sebouh J.
name: Kolar, Tim
name: Achenbach, Patrick
name: Ashkenazi, Adi
name: Böhm, Ralph
name: Cohen, Erez O.
name: Distler, Michael O.
name: Esser, Anselm
name: Gilman, Ronald
name: Giusti, Carlotta
name: Izraeli, David
name: Korover, Igor
name: Lichtenstadt, Jechiel
name: Mardor, Israel
name: Merkel, Harald
name: Mihovilovič, Miha
name: Müller, Ulrich
name: Olivenboim, Mor
name: Piasetzky, Eli
name: Ron, Guy
name: Schlimme, Björn S.
name: Schoth, Matthias
name: Schulz, Florian
name: Sfienti, Concettina
name: Širca, Simon
name: Štajner, Samo
name: Strauch, Steffen
name: Thiel, Michaela
name: Weber, Adrian
name: Yaron, Israel
name: Collaboration, A1
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the measurements of the transverse ($P'x$) and longitudinal ($P'z$) components of the polarization transfer to a bound proton in carbon via the quasi-free $^{12}{\rm C}(\vec e,e'\vec p)$ reaction, over a wide range of missing momenta. We determine these polarization-transfers separately for protons knocked out from the $s$- and $p$-shells. The electron-beam polarization was measured to determine the individual components with systematic uncertainties which allow a detailed comparison with theoretical calculations.
title: Decision Making of Consumers in Multiple Problem Debts: A Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Jha, Sameer
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: Personal unsecured debt has been a growing problem in the UK over recent decades (Grant Thornton, 2009; Livingston & Lunt, 1992). In the British context, literature in the field of personal debts has documented the role of economic, demographic, social, behavioural and psychological factors (Lunt & Livingtone, 1991; Livingstone & Lunt, 1992; Lea et al., 1993; 1995). However, existing literature fails to adequately take into account the role of certain psychological factors such as personality and self control, which are expected to be important for debtors’ decision making. In addition, an interpretive study into decision making of debtors is largely lacking. Moreover, literature in the field appears to have lagged behind the growth of personal debts in the UK, with the last major study reported in the mid-nineties (Lea et al., 1995). This research attempts to overcome such limitations and follows a qualitative research design for the same. The data for the research was collected from the online discussions of debtors from an internet discussion board dedicated to personal debts (Motley Fool, 2010). The data collection was focussed on debtors’ discussions regarding their decisions pertaining to their debts to be able to identify the underlying themes. The data was coded using thematic coding (Strauss, 1987; Flick, 1998) and subsumed into categories to identify the emerging themes, which were tracked with literature to arrive at the factors important for decision making of consumers in multiple problem debts. Five factors; self control and impulsiveness; personality; locus of control; social comparisons and weak money management styles were found to be important for decision making of debtors.
EQUITY, EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Creators: name: Cooper, David
name: Cooper, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Rural land is one of the key areas of creating a just society. It is also very complicated, with seriously conflicting interests at play. A land reform programme is one way of attempting to increase justice on the land. It requires a comprehensive approach and the application of skills and resources in a positive way to succeed. People will not wait for land reform. If there is no legitimate mechanism for addressing grievances, they will take matters into their own hands. Land invasions and occupations will become the order of the day, a situation that is bound to lead to conflict. It is a situation all right minded people would want to defuse, but can only be done if a legitimate land reform programme is put in place as an outcome of the negotiation process.
Ledella marisnostri La Perna 2004, n. sp.
Creators: name: La Perna, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Nuculanoida
Nuculanidae
Ledella
Ledella marisnostri

description: Ledella marisnostri n. sp.
(figure 4 a–e)
 Type material. Holotype (right valve, MZB 40663) and five paratypes (loose valves, author’s collection).
 Type locality. Cruise ‘ Interreg Italia-Albania’, southern Adriatic, st. 55, 40 ° 00 ∞ 59 ◊ N, 19 ° 08 ∞ 55 ◊ E, 976 m.
 Material examined. Only the type material.
 Description. Shell small, ovate, moderately convex and elongated, inequilateral, thin-walled. Umbo rather large, weakly projecting from shell outline. Antero-dorsal margin sloping, slightly convex, smoothly curving into a well-rounded anterior margin. Postero-dorsal margin sloping, longer than antero-dorsal one, slightly convex, curving into a moderately developed blunt rostrum at shell height midline. Ventral margin wide, strongly convex, evenly rounded except for an obscure posterior sinuosity marking out rostrum. Hinge plate moderately thick, making a 130 ° angle, with rows of similar length. Dentition taxodont, with chevron-shaped teeth, numbering seven anteriorly and six posteriorly in holotype. Ligamental pit rather deep, somewhat triangular. Muscle scars and pallial line indistinct. Surface with fine growth striae, some of them more incised. Periostracum thin, shiny, yellowish. Prodissoconch elliptic, ca 250 µ m long. Holotype 2.08 mm in length, 1.53 mm in height, 0.50 in breadth. Paratypes 1.65–2.27 mm in length.
 Etymology. After Mare nostrum, Latin name for the Mediterranean Sea.
 Distribution. Only known from the type locality.
 Remarks. The sole species of Ledella so far known from the Mediterranean is L. messanensis, with a wide latitudinal distribution through the European Atlantic (Warén, 1978, 1989; Allen and Hannah, 1989; Salas, 1996). However, it differs markedly from the present species by being bigger (up to ca 5 mm), much more solid, and with a longer and sharper rostrum. Also, the juveniles of L. messanensis are somewhat pointed posteriorly and thick-shelled. A North Atlantic species, Ledella confinis (Smith, 1885), revised by Warén (1978), may be somewhat reminiscent of L. marisnostri n. sp., but it is larger, more solid, with a more pointed rostrum and with a strongly oblique umbo.
 The present species seems close to the L. messanensis group, although it is not particularly similar to any of the European species.
description: Published as part of La Perna, R., 2004, The identity of Yoldia micrometrica Seguenza, 1877 and three new deep-sea protobranchs from the Mediterranean (Bivalvia), pp. 1045-1057 in Journal of Natural History 38 on pages 1052-1053
CONSUMERISM AND MARKETING: WHAT IS EXPECTED OF AGRICULTURE?
Verbruikersdruk en bemarking. Wat word van die landbou venvag?
Creators: name: Rousseau, G. G.
name: Rousseau, G. G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Consumer awareness world wide, is on the increase. Agriculture should therefore pro-actively address the needs of consumers in order to plan future marketing strategies. This paper describes some of the key issues South African consumers are currently facing, such as rising food prices, lack of product information, need for stringently enforced health standards and an efficient grading system for fresh produce. As consumers become hard pressed to make ends meet they will become more sensitive of their rights and critical of the free market system. Agriculture can help consumers by making surplusses available to the poor, assisting educational and counselling programmes and promoting the free market system by selling directly to the informal sector. The challenge for agriculture lies in redressing marketing problems of the past in order to ensure that current and future business practices are beyond reproach.
Spatial distribution of available phosphorus in surface road and trackway surface materials on a sheep farm in Ireland
Creators: name: Fenton, Owen
name: Daly, Karen
name: Tuohy, Pat
name: Cardiff, John
name: Leach, Simon
name: Senteni Sifundza, Lungile
name: MURNANE, JOHN
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Farm roadway runoff is a high-risk source of pollution when connectivity with waters occurs. Nutrients in this runoff are dominated by fresh animal deposits, but recent dairy and beef farm studies showed that available phosphorus (P) accumulates in roadway surface material and can be lost in runoff. A current knowledge gap is to examine available P concentrations in unsealed roadway and trackway (non-maintained) network of a lowland sheep farm. The present study focused on a 45 ha farm stocked with 544 sheep in south-east Ireland. Ten locations were sampled along with the adjacent fields for available P (i.e., Morgan’s P) and ancillary parameters (e.g., pH, total P and heavy metals) in December 2022. The first sampling location was on an aggregate roadway and the other nine were on trackways representing an older aggregate roadway network used by the flock but now covered with soil and grass. Results showed a distinct difference in surface material pH between roadway and trackway locations. Trackways had a pH that mimicked adjacent fields around the agronomic optimum for grassland of ~6.2. All sampling locations had elevated available P concentrations, ranging from 26.3 to 111.0 mg L−1 (mean 62.8 mg L−1 ), similar to the spatial distribution for dairy farms but above those found at beef farms previously studied. The highest available P concentrations were found in roadway and trackway sections adjacent to the farmyard. Other elevated sampling areas were on trackways (87.3 or 97.7 mg P L−1 ) away from the farmyard where sheep are funnelled to pasture, stop to seek shade, urinate and defecate but do not graze. By contrast the average available P concentration for the surrounding fields was 8.4 mg L−1 with a range of 2.7–15.9 mg L−1 . Two sampling areas combine to create a critical source area where a high available P source becomes visibly mobilised as runoff during rainfall, discharges into an open drainage ditch, which is then connected to a local stream. Breaking the pathway before runoff enters the open ditch could be a cheap and effective way of mitigating nutrient losses at these two locations.
Constraints to cosmological parameters through clusters evolution
Creators: name: Del Popolo, A.
name: Ercan, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, I revisit the constraints obtained by several authors (Reichart et al. 1999; Eke et al. 1998; Henry 2000) on the estimated values of Omegam, n and sigma_8 in the light of recent theoretical developments: 1) new theoretical mass functions (Sheth & Tormen 1999, Sheth, Mo & Tormen 2001, Del Popolo 2002b); 2) a more accurate mass-temperature relation, also determined for arbitrary Omega_m and Omega_Lambda (Del Popolo 2002a).
description: 3 pages; 3 encapsulated figures. Proceedings of Iau Coll. 195
Cymadusa Savigny 1816
Creators: name: Peart, R. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Ampithoidae
Cymadusa

description: Cymadusa Savigny, 1816
 Cymadusa Savigny, 1816: 51, 109; Barnard and Karaman, 1991: 104; Poore and Lowry, 1997: 900.
 Grubia Czerniavsky, 1868: 103.
 Acanthogrubia Stout, 1912: 143.
 Paradusa Ruffo, 1969: 63; Barnard and Karaman, 1991: 106.
 Type species. Cymadusa filosa Savigny, 1816, monotypy.
 Diagnosis. Antenna 1 longer than antenna 2. Antenna 1 with a one- to twoarticulate accessory flagellum. Mandibular palp three-articulate. Lower lip outer lobe notched. Gnathopod 1 smaller or subequal to gnathopod 2. Gnathopod 1 propodal palm acute. Pereopods 3 and 4 with narrow basis and narrow nonglandular merus. Uropod 1 with distoventral spur long and acute. Uropod 3 rami short and broad. Uropod 3 outer ramus with two recurved robust setae.
description: Published as part of Peart, R. A., 2004, A revision of the Cymadusa filosa complex (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Corophioidea: Ampithoidae), pp. 301-336 in Journal of Natural History 38 (3) on page 302, DOI: 10.1080/0022293021000055441, http://zenodo.org/record/4653568
AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND MARKETING POLICY: FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Landbouhandels- en bemarkingsbeleid: Toekomstige rigtings
Creators: name: Groenewald, Jan A.
name: Groenewald, Jan A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: South Africa needs both rapid economic growth and improved equitibility. Gross interference in economic and political life has engendered discrimination, inequity, misallocation of resources and sluggish growth. World megatrends and characteristics of winner nations suggest large changes in marketing and trade policies. Market failures render government involvement attractive when viewed in isolation, but government and bureaucratic failures are often even more serious. Future policy must be directed at the interrelated goals of individual freedom, economic efficiency, equitibility and adjustment to economic change. Centrally directed systems have been unable to achieve this. A market-related approach is needed with an outwardlooking emphasis.
title: Why Do BA Photography Students Persist in Their Studies at a Small University? A Case Study
Creators: name: Cosgrove, Stephanie
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: Relatively little research has been conducted into undergraduate student persistence in an art and design context: despite significant political interest in retention by the Higher Education sector. A greater understanding of students' decision-making processes can encourage institutional change as well as meeting stakeholders' political incentives. This study aims to identify the internal and external forces at play in the persistence of BA Photography students within a single art, design and media specialist institution. It seeks to explore the relationships between these forces, and to generate recommendations for institutional practices to encourage student success and persistence. This study is 'insider' case study research, into the single unit of my own teaching area. However, I also position my study within larger social, psychological and institutional contexts. The temporal nature of the student life cycle and the possibility of reciprocal change, (at both internal psychological and external institutional levels), is explored using mixed methods, sequentially using both quantitative (e. g. surveys) and qualitative (e. g. interviews) methods of data collection in 'waves' and forms the 'sequential reflective chain or spiral' design recommended by Hartley and Chesworth (2000). Findings indicate the internal dimensions of 'individual' student contexts to be the most important factor in the persistence process. Individual experiences such as age, prior qualification, and residential status as well as goals and values, interact with the wider institutional and local course milieu to influence persistence decisions. The research shows the extent and reasons for student persistence, despite potentially 'doubting', in particular the importance of 'people' within the persistence process, the increasing value that students place on the local course context, the importance of interest in the subject of study and a process of temporal alignment within the peer group as instrumental goals become more important as students progress through different Levels of study. I discuss how the external sphere of institutions and courses of study are 'situated' within specific contexts and institutional frameworks, to identify which contexts might be indigenous to the art and design environment, and which are transferable to the wider HE sector. It is hoped that the recommendations that emerge from this study will help other institutions 'improve retention by design' (Johnston, 1997).
Morphological instability induced by the interaction of a particle with a solidifying interface
Creators: name: Hadji, Layachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the interaction of a particle with a directionally solidified interface induces the onset of morphological instability provided that the particle-interface distance falls below a critical value. This instability occurs at pulling velocities that are below the threshold for the onset of the Mullins-Sekerka instability. The expression for the critical distance reveals that this instability is manifested only for certain combinations of the physical and processing parameters. Its occurence is attributed to the reversal of the thermal gradient in the melt ahead of the interface and behind the particle.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Eur. Phys. J. B
Gravitational-wave parameter estimation with autoregressive neural network flows
Creators: name: Green, Stephen R.
name: Simpson, Christine
name: Gair, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the use of autoregressive normalizing flows for rapid likelihood-free inference of binary black hole system parameters from gravitational-wave data with deep neural networks. A normalizing flow is an invertible mapping on a sample space that can be used to induce a transformation from a simple probability distribution to a more complex one: if the simple distribution can be rapidly sampled and its density evaluated, then so can the complex distribution. Our first application to gravitational waves uses an autoregressive flow, conditioned on detector strain data, to map a multivariate standard normal distribution into the posterior distribution over system parameters. We train the model on artificial strain data consisting of IMRPhenomPv2 waveforms drawn from a five-parameter $(m_1, m_2, ϕ_0, t_c, d_L)$ prior and stationary Gaussian noise realizations with a fixed power spectral density. This gives performance comparable to current best deep-learning approaches to gravitational-wave parameter estimation. We then build a more powerful latent variable model by incorporating autoregressive flows within the variational autoencoder framework. This model has performance comparable to Markov chain Monte Carlo and, in particular, successfully models the multimodal $ϕ_0$ posterior. Finally, we train the autoregressive latent variable model on an expanded parameter space, including also aligned spins $(χ_{1z}, χ_{2z})$ and binary inclination $θ_{JN}$, and show that all parameters and degeneracies are well-recovered. In all cases, sampling is extremely fast, requiring less than two seconds to draw $10^4$ posterior samples.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Sulphur-bearing species in the star forming region L1689N
Creators: name: Wakelam, V.
name: Castets, A.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Lefloch, B.
name: Caux, E.
name: Pagani, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations of the expected main S-bearing species (SO, SO2 and H2S) in the low-mass star forming region L1689N. We obtained large scale (~300''x200'') maps of several transitions from these molecules with the goal to study the sulphur chemistry, i.e. how the relative abundances change in the different physical conditions found in L1689N. We identified eight interesting regions, where we carried out a quantitative comparative study: the molecular cloud (as reference position), five shocked regions caused by the interaction of the molecular outflows with the cloud, and the two protostars IRAS16293-2422 and 16293E. In the cloud we carefully computed the gas temperature and density by means of a non-LTE LVG code, while in other regions we used previous results. We hence derived the column density of SO, SO2 and H2S, together with SiO and H2CO - which were observed previously - and their relevant abundance ratios. We find that SiO is the molecule that shows the largest abundance variations in the shocked regions, whereas S-bearing molecules show more moderate variations. Remarkably, the region of the brightest SiO emission in L1689N is undetected in SO2, H2S and H2CO and only marginally detected in SO. In the other weaker SiO shocks, SO2 is enhanced with respect to SO. We propose a schema in which the different molecular ratios correspond to different ages of the shocks. Finally, we find that SO, SO2 and H2S have significant abundance jumps in the inner hot core of IRAS16293-2422 and discuss the implications of the measured abundances.
description: Accepted 08/10/03
THE PRACTICALITIES AND PROBABILITY OF NORMALISING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Marcus, Tessa
name: Marcus, Tessa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Few, if any, farm workers view their relationship with farmers as unproblematic. Their rightlessness, subordination and poverty prevents them from openly expressing their views, let alone acting to redress them in a way which will not be to their disadvantage. Farmers, for the most part, confuse this silence born of inequality as harmony and that it why it is so elusive. Normalising relations in the sector has to be based on a common set of assumptions which take as their premise equal rights for all. Only the smallest beginnings have been made to getting to that starting point.
IMPERFECT COMPETITION AND THE TAXATION OF INTERMEDIATE GOODS
Creators: name: Myles, Gareth D.
name: Myles, Gareth D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Production Economics

description: It is an implication of the productive efficiency lemma of Diamond and Mirrlees that intermediate goods should not be taxed in a world of constant returns to scale and perfect competition. Three simple models are analysed to examine whether this conclusion can be extended to accommodate imperfect competition. The importance of returns to scale and the form of the production function are emphasised and, where applicable, welfare-improving and optimal tax schemes are described that include taxes on intermediate goods. If all technologies are Leontief, productive efficiency remains desirable.