cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The range of Jupiter's flow structures fitting the Juno asymmetric gravity measurements
Creators: name: Duer, Keren
name: Galanti, Eli
name: Kaspi, Yohai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymmetric gravity field measured by the Juno spacecraft allowed estimation of the depth of Jupiter's zonal jets, showing that the winds extend approximately $3000$ km beneath the cloud-level. This estimate was based on an analysis using a combination of all measured odd gravity harmonics $J_{3}$, $J_{5}$, $J_{7}$, and $J_{9}$, but the wind profile dependence on each of them separately has not been investigated. Furthermore, these calculations assumed the meridional profile of the cloud-level wind extends to depth. However, it is possible that the interior jet profile varies from that of the cloud-level as hinted by the Juno microwave measurement that find a smoother nadir brightness temperature profile at depth compared to the cloud-level. Here we analyze in detail the possible meridional and vertical structure of Jupiter's deep jet-streams. We find that each odd gravity harmonic constrains the flow at a different depth, with $J_{3}$ being the most dominant at depths below $3000$ km, $J_{5}$ being the most restrictive overall, and $J_{9}$ not constraining the flow at all if the other odd harmonics are within the measurement range. Interior flow profiles constructed from perturbations to the cloud-level winds allow a more extensive range of vertical wind profiles, yet when the profiles differ substantially from the cloud-level, the ability to match the gravity data reduces significantly. Overall, we find that while interior wind profiles that do not resemble the cloud-level are possible, they are statistically unlikely. However, slightly smoother profiles, which resemble the Juno's microwave radiometer temperature profile at depth, are still compatible with the gravity measurements.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, In review (JGR planets)
Fluorescence-Detected Circular Dichroism of a Chiral Molecular Monolayer with Dielectric Metasurfaces
Creators: name: Solomon, Michelle L.
name: Abendroth, John M.
name: Poulikakos, Lisa V.
name: Hu, Jack
name: Dionne, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong enhancement of molecular circular dichroism has the potential to enable efficient asymmetric photolysis, a method of chiral separation that has conventionally been impeded by insufficient yield and low enantiomeric excess. Here, we study experimentally how predicted enhancements in optical chirality density near resonant silicon nanodisks boost circular dichroism. We use fluorescence-detected circular dichroism spectroscopy to measure indirectly the differential absorption of circularly polarized light by a monolayer of optically active molecules functionalized to silicon nanodisk arrays. Importantly, the molecules and nanodisk antennas have spectrally-coincident resonances, and our fluorescence technique allows us to deconvolute absorption in the nanodisks from the molecules. We find that enhanced fluorescence-detected circular dichroism signals depend on nanophotonic resonances in good agreement with simulated differential absorption and optical chirality density, while no signal is detected from molecules adsorbed on featureless silicon surfaces. These results verify the potential of nanophotonic platforms to be used for asymmetric photolysis with lower energy requirements
description: This paper is now accepted at the Journal of the American Chemical Society, and is available online
New Ideas About the Old Stone Age and Human Evolution
Creators: name: Doble, Rick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 100604 Memory Structures
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: ABSTRACT:
Preconceptions often stand in the way of new discoveries. This article discusses the problems with widely held assumptions and then provides examples of assumptions that were recently overturned and which have now led to a possible new understanding of human evolution. Drs Sonia Harmand & Jason Lewis found stone tools much older than the generally accepted earliest Oldowan tools in a wooded terrain rather than the generally accepted savanna environment. They also hypothesized that the tools were made by an earlier hominid, Australopithecus, who had not been considered a likely candidate for stone tool making. And finally, they proposed a new understanding relating to the evolution of the human brain. Instead of assuming that it was a larger brain that kick-started human tool making, it may, instead, have been the prefrontal cortex.
The electronic marketplace as the element of the agricultural market infrastructure
Creators: name: Strzębicki, Dariusz
name: Strzębicki, Dariusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: information asymmetry
subject: purchase and sale offers
subject: traditional intermediaries
subject: Transactions
subject: e-auction
subject: Agricultural commodities
subject: Electronic marketplace

description: The article discusses the issues of conducting transactions for agricultural products via the Internet between businesses. In particular, it is dedicated to the socalled electronic agricultural commodity marketplaces that are virtual meeting places of buyers and sellers of agricultural commodities. The purpose of this article is an indication of the changes taking place in the agricultural market under the influence of electronic marketplaces for agricultural commodities. The research method that was used to write this article was a case study. Three foreign electronic agricultural commodity marketplaces were analysed. Information on electronic marketplaces described came from their websites and scientific studies. The presented three examples of foreign electronic agricultural marketplaces show how complex issue is the development of electronic markets for agricultural commodities and how they induce profound changes in the functioning of traditional agricultural commodity markets.
Forecasting Photovoltaic Power Production using a Deep Learning Sequence to Sequence Model with Attention
Creators: name: Kharlova, Elizaveta
name: May, Daniel
name: Musilek, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.5.4

description: Rising penetration levels of (residential) photovoltaic (PV) power as distributed energy resource pose a number of challenges to the electricity infrastructure. High quality, general tools to provide accurate forecasts of power production are urgently needed. In this article, we propose a supervised deep learning model for end-to-end forecasting of PV power production. The proposed model is based on two seminal concepts that led to significant performance improvements of deep learning approaches in other sequence-related fields, but not yet in the area of time series prediction: the sequence to sequence architecture and attention mechanism as a context generator. The proposed model leverages numerical weather predictions and high-resolution historical measurements to forecast a binned probability distribution over the prognostic time intervals, rather than the expected values of the prognostic variable. This design offers significant performance improvements compared to common baseline approaches, such as fully connected neural networks and one-block long short-term memory architectures. Using normalized root mean square error based forecast skill score as a performance indicator, the proposed approach is compared to other models. The results show that the new design performs at or above the current state of the art of PV power forecasting.
description: 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2020, pp. 1-7
Climate and institutional change versus expected economic performance of agricultural holdings
Creators: name: Sulewski, Piotr
name: Czekaj, Stefania
name: Sulewski, Piotr
name: Czekaj, Stefania
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: climate change
subject: trade liberalisation
subject: coefficient of variation
subject: coefficient of risk aversion
subject: Certainty Equivalent
subject: expected value
subject: Monte Carlo simulatin

description: Climate change, liberalisation of international trade in agricultural products and changes in the system of farms’ support result in the increasing importance of the risk problem in European and Polish agriculture. It can be expected that a change in market and production conditions will result in significant increase in income volatility. The scale of change will depend on the financial support directed to agricultural sector and farmers’ reactions. The study reveals that in the case of Poland the most likely scenario results in rather moderate deterioration in farms’ financial results measured under risk. Extreme deterioration can be observed in the liberal scenario under assumption of financial support elimination.
Business Perceptions Indicate Slow Recovery in Economic Conditions
Creators: name: Mawejje, Joseph
name: Nampewo, Dorothy
name: Mawejje, Joseph
name: Nampewo, Dorothy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: business activity
subject: turnover
subject: profitability
subject: capacity utilization
subject: produced goods
subject: new orders goods
subject: business optimism
subject: eprc

description: In July – September 2012 the business climate index remained weak at score of 8, having improved from a score of -18 in the April-June quarter. This implies that the general business conditions have improved over the last quarter. Expectations for the next quarter (October-December 2012) are that the business climate will continue to improve on account of a more stable macroeconomic environment, improved reliability of electricity supply and better than expected rains in the July – September quarter.
Agricultural Productivity Constraints in Uganda: Implications for Investment
Creators: name: Nabbumba, Rosetti
name: Bahiigwa, Godfrey
name: Nabbumba, Rosetti
name: Bahiigwa, Godfrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Food Security and Poverty

description: Uganda has put emphasis on the agricultural sector as a strategy for raising rural incomes and reducing rural poverty. The Plan for Modernization of Agriculture (PMA) was designed in 2000 for this purpose. However, available secondary data show that crop yields are low despite the availability of productivity-enhancing technologies on the market. This study uses household data from rural districts selected from two ago-ecological zones to explore profitability and productivity of two technologies: improved maize varieties and improved cattle breeds. The research findings indicate that growing improved maize is more profitable than local maize across all farm sizes. Similarly, improved cattle breeds are more profitable and more productive than indigenous cattle.
Systematic studies of binding energy dependence of neutron - proton momentum correlation function
Creators: name: Wei, Y. B.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Shen, W. Q.
name: Ma, G. L.
name: Wang, K.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Zhong, C.
name: Guo, W.
name: Chen, J. G.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Tian, W. D.
name: Zhou, X. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) results of the neutron-proton correlation function have been systematically investigated for a series nuclear reactions with light projectiles with help of Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model. The relationship between the binding energy per nucleon of the projectiles and the strength of the neutron-proton HBT at small relative momentum has been obtained. Results show that neutron-proton HBT results are sensitive to the binding energy per nucleon.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; accepted by Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Synthesis and XRD of neutral NiL complex using unsymmetrical ONNO tetradentate schiff base: Hirschfeld, spectral, DFT and thermal analysis
Creators: name: Said, Musa A.
name: Qasem, Hamza A.
name: Seraj O. Alzahrani
name: Abdelkader Zarrouk
name: Warad, Ismail
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The unsymmetrical tetradentate ONNO Schiff base 6,6’-((1E,1’E)-((2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) (H2L) was prepared following a slightly modified known condensation reaction. The neutral NiL complex has been synthesized in high yield via [1H2L:1Ni(II)] direct addition. The XRD-measurement reflects a NiII center with slightly distorted square planar geometry. Moreover, the lattice is stabilized by a number of H-bond and H…π stacking interactions. The structure connections have been illustrated by electrostatic potential surface (Molecular Electrostatic Potential, MEP) and Hirschfeld surface (HSA) and Fingerprint (FP) analysis to support such interactions. IR and UV-visible spectra were measured to compare free H2L with NiL behaviors. The DFT-optimized structure was compared to the XRD-structure parameters. NiL reflects high thermal stability and decomposed mainly via one-step to form NiO as the final product.
Electromagnetic Magic: The Relativistically Rotating Disk
Creators: name: Lynden-Bell, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A closed form analytic solution is found for the electromagnetic field of the charged uniformly rotating conducting disk for all values of the tip speed $v$ up to $c$. For $v=c$ it becomes the Magic field of the Kerr-Newman black hole with $G$ set to zero. The field energy, field angular momentum and gyromagnetic ratio are calculated and compared with those of the electron. A new mathematical expression that sums products of 3 Legendre functions each of a different argument, is demonstrated.
description: 10 pages, one figure
Underetching from simple stochastic etching kinetics
Creators: name: Claussen, Jens Christian
name: Carstensen, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The morphological richness of electrochemical semiconductor etching is not sufficiently counterparted yet by theoretical modeling. This paper investigates a minimal version of the Current-Burst model with Aging of Föll and Carstensen and demonstrates for a restricted geometry that the Aging concept is essential for underetching, or cavity generation. If the influence of Aging is neglected, the dynamics reduces to a Random Etching Model similar to the Random Deposition model. This computer {\sl gedanken experiment} demonstrates that the stochastic dynamics with ageing-dependent kinetic reaction probabilities accounts for the different etching morphologies compared to those obtained in surface roughening and related systems.
description: 3 pages (2 figs included)
Deterministic Von Mises–Fisher Sampling on the Sphere Using Fibonacci Lattices
Creators: name: Frisch, Daniel
name: Hanebeck, Uwe D.
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2023

description: We propose a von Mises–Fisher sampling scheme using Fibonacci lattices to generate high-quality deterministic samples on the sphere. Key idea is an orthogonal inverse transform to map uniform low-discrepancy or quasi-random samples, ideally from Fibonacci lattices, to the sphere. The proposed new sampling method can be applied in assumed density Riemannian particle filters and controllers. Compared to random sampling, it produces well-separated, locally homogeneous samples, yielding superior convergence in numerical applications. The advantage over UKF-like sampling schemes is the free choice of the number of samples.
Spin transport in Si-based spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors: Spin drift effect in the inversion channel and spin relaxation in the n+-Si source/drain regions
Creators: name: Sato, Shoichi
name: Tanaka, Masaaki
name: Nakane, Ryosho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have experimentally and theoretically investigated the electron spin transport and spin distribution at room temperature in a Si two-dimensional (2D) inversion channel of back-gate-type spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (spin MOSFETs). The magnetoresistance ratio of the spin MOSFET with a channel length of 0.4$μ$m was increased by a factor of 6 from that in our previous paper [Phys. Rev. B 99, 165301 (2019)] by lowering the parasitic resistances at the source/drain junctions with highly-phosphorus-doped n+-Si regions and by increasing the lateral electric field in the channel along the electron transport, called "spin drift". Clear Hanle signals with some oscillation peaks were observed for the spin MOSFET with a channel length of 10 $μ$ m under the lateral electric field, indicating that the effective spin diffusion length is dramatically enhanced by the spin drift. By taking into account the n+-Si regions and the spin drift in the channel, one-dimensional analytic functions were derived for analyzing the effect of the spin drift on the spin transport through the channel and these functions were found to explain almost all the experimental results. From the calculated spin current and spin distribution, it was revealed that almost all the spins are unflipped during the spin-drift-assisted transport through the 0.4-$μ$m-long inversion channel, but the most part of the injected spins from the source electrode are relaxed in the n+-Si regions of both the source and drain junctions. This means that the spin drift is useful and precise design of the device structure is essential to obtain a higher magnetoresistance ratio. Furthermore, we showed that the effective spin resistances that are introduced in this study are very helpful to understand how to improve the magnetoresistance ratio of spin MOSFETs for practical use.
Properties of a recent quantum extension of the Kruskal geometry
Creators: name: Ashtekar, Abhay
name: Olmedo, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it was shown that, in an effective description motivated by loop quantum gravity, singularities of the Kruskal space-time are naturally resolved [1,2]. In this note we explore a few properties of this quantum corrected effective metric. In particular, we (i) calculate the Hawking temperature associated with the horizon of the effective geometry and show that the quantum correction to the temperature is completely negligible for macroscopic black holes, just as one would hope; (ii) discuss the subtleties associated with the asymptotic properties of the space-time metric, and show that the metric is asymptotically flat in a precise sense; (iii) analyze the asymptotic fall-off of curvature; and, (iv) show that the ADM energy is well-defined (and agrees with that determined by the horizon area), even though the curvature falls off less rapidly than in the standard asymptotically flat context.
description: 22 pages. At Referee's suggestion, a new reference [37] and two remarks added, one at the end of Section III and another, at the end of Section IV.B. Version to appear in the journal
L’étiquetage nutritionnel face à l’arbitrage goût-santé
Creators: name: Ruffieux, Bernard
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
name: Ruffieux, Bernard
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Dans de nombreux pays, l’étiquetage nutritionnel est l’un des outils envisagés, ou déjà mis en place, par les pouvoirs publics pour essayer de modifier les comportements des consommateurs face aux impacts de santé associés à une alimentation déséquilibrée sur le plan nutritionnel. Les résultats synthétisés ici visent à identifier l’intérêt et les limites de ces démarches d’étiquetage et à en évaluer les effets existants ou potentiels tant du côté de la demande (modification des choix des consommateurs) que de l’offre alimentaire (modification des stratégies des entreprises). Un étiquetage descriptif aurait un impact modeste, plus diffus et de long terme sur le consommateur qui valorise mieux les propriétés gustatives de court terme des aliments que les impacts nutritionnels. Un étiquetage prescriptif aidant à l’identification des produits « nutritionnellement sains » et des produits « à limiter » pourrait avoir un impact plus marqué en contribuant à infléchir les comportements des consommateurs. En revanche, son impact sur l’offre dépend des modalités pratiques de sa mise en place ; le risque étant de voir émerger des équilibres entre l’offre et la demande où les changements des uns sont annulés par ceux des autres sans amélioration nutritionnelle significative.
Automobile life cycle outcomes and possibilities under extended producer responsibility legislation in Japan
Creators: name: Ogushi, Yasuhiko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The incorporation of life cycle perspectives in the manufacturing industry has been called on as a more effective way of reducing waste and resource use than conventional 'end-of-pipe' approaches. Reduce, reuse, recycle, and simple disposal is the list of life cycle options ranked in order from the most to the least desirable. While such rankings are robust from an environmental perspective, in practice it can be difficult to orient life cycle outcomes to match this hierarchy. Products can vary along many dimensions - technological complexity, physical durability, rate of technological change, and material characteristics. These attributes interact in complex ways with the market and regulations, obviating any straightforward relationship between product types and life cycle outcomes related to the theoretical hierarchy. The first part of this study does a comparative case study of five categories of products in the Japanese market: copiers, household appliances, disposable cameras, personal computers and automobiles. It identifies four key factors of life cycle outcomes - product attributes, after-market demand, reverse logistics and recovery technologies, and examines the way in which these attributes interact to produce different life cycle outcomes. An important trend affecting a product life cycle outcome is the recent regulatory approach that mandates manufacturers' responsibility of taking back products at the end-of-life. The second part of this study focuses on how the End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Recycling Law in Japan, which was designed to improve recovery rate of ELVs, has led to innovation and technological changes in design, development and ELV recovery processes. Japanese automobile manufacturers have focused on technological innovation that enhances the levels of material recycling and part reuse. Other life cycle outcomes, such as remanufacturing of vehicles, are less likely to emerge as a result of the enforcement of the law alone. There are constraining factors to remanufacturing vehicles, including longer life span versus the period of manufacturing and the difficulty of securing quality of parts from ELVs. An evaluation of early impacts of the ELV Recycling Law on technological innovation and product life cycle may also provide insights for policy design and product life cycle strategies for further progress in ELV recovery.
Tiene el presupuesto participativo algún efecto en la calidad de los servicios públicos? El caso del sector del agua y saneamiento en el Perú
Creators: name: Jaramillo, Miguel
name: Alcázar, Lorena
name: Jaramillo, Miguel
name: Alcázar, Lorena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Presupuesto
subject: Participación ciudadana
subject: Gobierno local
subject: Gobierno regional
subject: Agua
subject: Servicios de saneamiento
subject: Perú
subject: Budget
subject: Social participation
subject: Local government
subject: Regional government
subject: Water
subject: Sanitation services
subject: Peru

description: La participación ciudadana debería dirigir las necesidades de inversión pública de la población, en particular en beneficio de los más pobres. Así se concibe el proceso de presupuesto participativo (PP) implementado en el Perú en el año 2004. Sin embargo, este estudio encuentra que no hay indicios que sugieran una relación robusta entre el PP y la cobertura del agua y calidad del servicio. Ello se explica por las debilidades en el proceso mismo del PP y en el rol de los actores involucrados. Si bien se espera que el PP guíe las demandas de la población, el proceso enfrenta importantes limitaciones que pueden hacerlo ineficiente en la tarea de canalizar los recursos hacia áreas tales como el agua y saneamiento. Además, puede producir resultados inequitativos en tanto los pobres pueden enfrentar mayores costos de participación. Por su parte, las municipalidades tienen limitadas capacidades técnicas y recursos para afrontar los requerimientos de inversión en este sector, y los alcaldes pueden no estar muy interesados en respaldar el PP. Por esto, aunque el PP haya desplazado la inversión del tipo “elefante blanco” (estadios, plazas de toros, etc.) de muchas municipalidades y contribuido a guiarla hacia proyectos más consistentes con las necesidades básicas de la población, necesita ser fortalecido para lograr un papel activo en la provisión de servicios de mejor calidad. Una variable que parece hacer una diferencia, tanto en la cobertura de agua como en la calidad del servicio, es la participación política de las mujeres. En las municipalidades donde las mujeres tienen una mayor participación, el servicio y la cobertura del agua tienden a ser mejores. Esto no debe sorprender, pues se sabe que las mujeres se preocupan mucho más por el acceso al agua potable. Así, en un contexto descentralizado y donde las mujeres participan más, se exige más a los funcionarios de gobierno y a las entidades prestadoras de servicios de agua que mejoren el servicio.
Scaling Limit and Critical Exponents for Two-Dimensional Bootstrap Percolation
Creators: name: Camia, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B27, 60K35, 82C22, 82B43, 82C20, 82C43, 37B15

description: Consider a cellular automaton with state space $\{0,1 \}^{{\mathbb Z}^2}$ where the initial configuration $ω_0$ is chosen according to a Bernoulli product measure, 1's are stable, and 0's become 1's if they are surrounded by at least three neighboring 1's. In this paper we show that the configuration $ω_n$ at time n converges exponentially fast to a final configuration $\barω$, and that the limiting measure corresponding to $\barω$ is in the universality class of Bernoulli (independent) percolation. More precisely, assuming the existence of the critical exponents $β$, $η$, $ν$ and $γ$, and of the continuum scaling limit of crossing probabilities for independent site percolation on the close-packed version of ${\mathbb Z}^2$ (i.e., for independent $*$-percolation on ${\mathbb Z}^2$), we prove that the bootstrapped percolation model has the same scaling limit and critical exponents. This type of bootstrap percolation can be seen as a paradigm for a class of cellular automata whose evolution is given, at each time step, by a monotonic and nonessential enhancement.
description: 15 pages
Synthesis, characterization and magnetic studies of dinuclear lanthanide complexes constructed with a Schiff base ligand
Creators: name: Khan, Amin
name: Fuhr, Olaf
name: Akhtar, Muhammad Nadeem
name: Yanhua Lan
name: Thomas, Madhu
name: Powell, Annie K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A series of seven isostructural homometallic dinuclear lanthanide metal complexes having the general formula [Ln2(L)2(NO3)4]·2CH3 OH, where L = 6-methoxy-2-(2-pyridylmethyliminomethyl) phenol Ln = Tb (1), Dy (2), Ho (3), Er (4), Tm (5), Yb (6), and Lu (7), are described. Compounds 1–7 were obtained from the reactions of Schiff base ligand (L) with the respective metal nitrates in the presence of triethylamine in MeOH. The structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the remaining compounds were characterized from X-ray powder diffraction patterns and found to be isostructural. The magnetic properties of 1–7 have been investigated using dc and ac susceptibility measurements. All these compounds show antiferromagnetic behavior between adjacent paramagnetic centers. Out of these seven compounds, only 2 displays an out-of-phase ac susceptibility signal which is attributed to the presence of the anisotropic DyIII ions.
Gripe Aviária no Brasil: uma análise econômica de equilíbrio geral
Creators: name: Fachinello, Arlei Luiz
name: Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento De Souza
name: Fachinello, Arlei Luiz
name: Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento De Souza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: avian influenza
subject: economic impact
subject: general equilibrium models
subject: influenza aviária
subject: impacto econômico
subject: modelos de equilíbrio geral

description: O vírus da influenza aviária H5N1 tem se disseminado rapidamente por diversos países e continentes nos últimos anos, podendo também chegar ao Brasil. A ausência e a necessidade de estimativas dos efeitos econômicos que surtos da doença podem provocar sobre o setor avícola brasileiro motivaram a presente pesquisa. Foram simulados três cenários utilizando-se de um modelo aplicado de equilíbrio geral inter-regional, denominado TERM-BR. Os resultados sinalizam impactos negativos de maior dimensão sobre o segmento avícola na região Sul, refletindo em dados ruins no conjunto da economia local. Já regiões produtoras de bens substitutos, ao terem a demanda aumentada nesse contexto, acabam por apresentar crescimento de renda, como é o caso do Centro-Oeste. Destaca-se a importância das reações do consumidor doméstico sobre o comportamento da produção avícola......The H5N1 avian influenza virus has been spreading fast over countries and continents in the last years, with a real possibility of reaching Brazil. The scope of this paper is to analyze the impacts of three different scenarios of a possible bird flu outbreak in commercial poultry production in Brazil, with the aid of a Brazilian inter-regional general equilibrium model. Results point to a greater negative impact over the production in the Southern region, with the correspondent negative impact in the broad regional economies. Regions producing substitute goods, on the other hand, would be benefited, due to consumer’s substitution towards other meats. Actually, the substitution effect caused by the change in consumer’s preferences, both domestically and abroad, is found to be the key driver of the regional income and employment changes.
Is water ice an efficient facilitator for dust coagulation?
Creators: name: Kimura, Hiroshi
name: Wada, Koji
name: Kobayashi, Hiroshi
name: Senshu, Hiroki
name: Hirai, Takayuki
name: Yoshida, Fumi
name: Kobayashi, Masanori
name: Hong, Peng K.
name: Arai, Tomoko
name: Ishibashi, Ko
name: Yamada, Manabu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beyond the snow line of protoplanetary discs and inside the dense core of molecular clouds, the temperature of gas is low enough for water vapour to condense into amorphous ices on the surface of preexisting refractory dust particles. Recent numerical simulations and laboratory experiments suggest that condensation of the vapour promotes dust coagulation in such a cold region. However, in the numerical simulations, cohesion of refractory materials is often underestimated, while in the laboratory experiments, water vapour collides with surfaces at more frequent intervals compared to the real conditions. Therefore, to re-examine the role of water ice in dust coagulation, we carry out systematic investigation of available data on coagulation of water ice particles by making full use of appropriate theories in contact mechanics and tribology. We find that the majority of experimental data are reasonably well explained by lubrication theories, owing to the presence of a quasi-liquid layer (QLL). Only exceptions are the results of dynamic collisions between particles at low temperatures, which are, instead, consistent with the JKR theory, because QLLs are too thin to dissipate their kinetic energies. By considering the vacuum conditions in protoplanetary discs and molecular clouds, the formation of amorphous water ice on the surface of refractory particles does not necessarily aid their collisional growth as currently expected. While crystallisation of water ice around but outside the snow line eases coagulation of ice-coated particles, sublimation of water ice inside the snow line is deemed to facilitate coagulation of bare refractory particles.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
„ZÖLD” PRIORITÁSOK ÉRVÉNYESÍTÉSE A MEGYEI SZINTŰ TERÜLETFEJLESZTÉSI STRATÉGIÁKBAN
Creators: name: Dinya, László
name: Dinya, László
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: fenntartható területfejlesztés
subject: kistérségek a megyei fejlesztési koncepcióban
subject: sustainable territorial development
subject: micro-regions in the development concept of counties

description: Az EU 2014-2020 közötti időszakában előtérbe kerül a területfejlesztési támogatások korábbinál jóval komplexebb (multifund-alapú) felhasználása, amelyhez alapvetően komplex kistérségi stratégiák révén lehet hozzájutni. Ugyanakkor a fenntarthatósági paradigmaváltás arra ösztönöz, hogy ez a komplexitás a gazdasági – társadalmi – ökológiai szempontokra épüljön. A készülő megyei területfejlesztési koncepciókban pedig abból kiindulva, hogy nincs két egyforma kistérség, területileg differenciáltan kell kialakítani a fejlesztési célokat és programokat. A Heves megyei területfejlesztési koncepciónál ezeket a megfontolásokat érvényesítve a korábban általunk kidolgozott és tesztelt fenntartható kistérségi modellre alapozva végeztük el a helyzetfelmérést, majd az eredmények feldolgozása nyomán a programozást (vízió és célrendszer meghatározását). Ezzel az alulról-felfelé történő tervezéssel és a kapcsolódó újszerű társadalmi marketinggel sikerült a „zöld” szempontokat is érvényesítő fejlesztési koncepciót kidolgozni. A modell újszerűségét korábban már igazoltuk, ezúttal a hét kistérséget magába foglaló, megyei szintű első gyakorlati alkalmazást mutatjuk be a kapcsolódó társadalmi marketing új módszerével együtt. ------------------------------------------------------------------ The multi-fund based and more complex use of territorial subsidies will be preferred in the frame of the next period of the EU budget between 2014 and 2020. It could be achieved mainly through complex micro-regional development strategies. The paradigmatic exchange into the direction of sustainability will force the actors at the same time to establish this complexity of strategies on the criteria of economical, social and ecological sustainability. We have to elaborate the development strategies and programs regionally differentiated in the frame of the territorial concepts taking into account that there are no similar two micro-regions. We have implemented these issues in preparing the territorial development concept of County Heves using the model of sustainable micro-region elaborated and tested by us earlier for the diagnose and later for processing the results and defining the vision and the development goals. Based on this bottom-up approach of planning parallel with the innovative social marketing we have succeed in elaboration of a development concept in harmony with the “green” priorities. The novelty of the model is already justified earlier now we introduce its first practical application at county-level including seven micro-regions together with a new method of social marketing.
BIOGÁZ TERMELÉS, MINT A KÖRNYEZETTUDATOS ENERGIATERMELÉS LEHETŐSÉGE
Creators: name: Dupcsák, Zsolt
name: Marselek, Sandor
name: Dupcsák, Zsolt
name: Marselek, Sandor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: megújuló energia
subject: zöldenergia
subject: biomassza
subject: környezetvédelem
subject: életciklus
subject: renewable energy
subject: green energy
subject: biomass
subject: environment
subject: lifecycle

description: Mára széles körűen elfogadott tény, hogy az emberi tevékenységek – mint a szén, az olaj vagy a gáz elégetése – során keletkező üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátása általános felmelegedést okoz a Föld légkörében. Az elmúlt évtizedekben egyre világosabban körvonalazódott, hogy az emberiség környezetszennyező és energia-pazarló életvitele hosszú távon a természeti erőforrások kimerüléséhez, ökológiai katasztrófához vezethet. A gazdasági növekedés ütemének fenntartása, a környezet állapotának megőrzése és a foglalkoztatás növelése miatt elengedhetetlen a megújuló energiaforrásokra való áttérés. A hazai mezőgazdaságnak komoly kihívást jelent a trágyák kötelező hathónapos pihentetése és az ehhez kapcsolatos trágyatárolók megépítése. Erre jó megoldást nyújthatnak a mezőgazdasági hulladékokat hasznosító regionális jellegű biogázüzemek. A biogáz-hasznosítás előnye, hogy egyébként költségesen kezelendő hulladékok ártalmatlanítását lehet elvégezni, miközben energia és mezőgazdasági tápanyag képződik. Környezetünk és természeti erőforrásaink védelmének legfőbb záloga a megújuló energiaforrások részarányának növelése, melyek esetében például jóval kevesebb az üvegházhatású gázkibocsátás, mint a fosszilis energiaforrások esetében. --------------------------------------------------------------- Today it is widely accepted that the greenhouse gas emissions because of human activities such as the combustion of coal, oil or gas cause a general warning in the atmosphere of the Earth. In the last years it became obvious that the environment polluting and energy wasteful lifestyle of mankind could lead to the running out of natural resources and ecological catastrophe in long term. Transformation to renewable energy sources is unavoidable due to maintaining the speed of economic development, preserving the environment situation and increasing the employment conditions. It is serious challenge to domestic agriculture that obligatory resting of manure for six months is made and also building of associated manure storage. Good solution would be provided to it with utilization of regional biogas plants using agricultural wastes. Advantage of biogas utilization is that removal of those wastes can be made, which can be treated at high costs otherwise, while energy and agricultural nutrient and produced. The protection of our environment and natural resources should be based on the increase of the contribution of renewable sources to gross energy consumption that is associated with much lower greenhouse gas emissions than energy produced from fossil fuels.
Similarities and differences between nickelate and cuprate films grown on a SrTiO$_3$ substrate
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
name: Lin, Ling-Fang
name: Hu, Wenjun
name: Moreo, Adriana
name: Dong, Shuai
name: Dagotto, Elbio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of superconductivity in Sr-doped NdNiO$_2$ films grown on SrTiO$_3$ started a novel field within unconventional superconductivity. To understand the similarities and differences between nickelate and cuprate layers on the same SrTiO$_3$ substrate, here based on the density functional theory we have systematically investigated the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of NdNiO$_2$/SrTiO$_3$ and CaCuO$_2$/SrTiO$_3$ systems. Our results revealed a strong lattice reconstruction in the case of NdNiO$_2$/SrTiO$_3$, resulting in a polar film, with the surface and interfacial NiO$_2$ layers presenting opposite displacements. However, for CaCuO$_2$/SrTiO$_3$, the distortions of those same two CuO$_2$ layers were in the same direction. In addition, we found this distortion to be approximately independent of the studied range of film thickness for both the nickelate and cuprates films. Furthermore, we also observed a two-dimensional electron gas at the interface between NdNiO$_2$ and SrTiO$_3$, caused by the polar discontinuity, in agreement with recent literature. For NdNiO$_2$/SrTiO$_3$ the two-dimensional electron gas extends over several layers, while for CaCuO$_2$/SrTiO$_3$ this electronic rearrangement is very localized at the interface between CaCuO$_2$ and SrTiO$_3$. The electronic reconstruction found at the interface involves a strong occupation of the Ti $3d_{xy}$ state. In both cases, there is a significant electronic charge transfer from the surface Ni or Cu layers to the Ti interface layer. The interfacial Ni and Cu layer is hole and electron doped, respectively. By introducing magnetism and electronic correlation, we observed that the $d_{3z^2-r^2}$ orbital of Ni becomes itinerant while the same orbital for Cu remains doubly occupied, establishing a clear two- vs one-orbital active framework for the description of these systems.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Phantom Dark Energy, Cosmic Doomsday, and the Coincidence Problem
Creators: name: Scherrer, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phantom dark energy models, with w < -1, are characterized by a future singularity and therefore a finite lifetime for the universe. Because the future singularity is triggered by the onset of dark-energy domination, the universe spends a significant fraction of its total lifetime in a state for which the dark energy and matter densities are roughly comparable. We calculate, as a function of w, the fraction of the total lifetime of the universe for which the dark energy and matter densities differ by less than the ratio r_0 in either direction. For r_0 = 10, this fraction varies from 1/3 to 1/8 as w varies from -1.5 to -1.1; the fraction is smaller for smaller values of r_0. This result indicates that the coincidence problem is significantly ameliorated in phantom-dominated cosmologies with a future singularity.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, more references and discussion added, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
title: Modern end-to-end encrypted messaging for the desktop
Creators: name: Bayerle, Richard
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: OpenPGP
subject: OTR,

description: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, Benutzer von Desktop-Betriebssystemen an den Fortschritten im Bereich des Instant Messaging teilhaben zu lassen, die überwiegend auf mobilen Geräten gemacht wurden. Um dies zu erreichen, wurden aktuelle Technologien identifiziert und bewertet, sowohl für zwei als auch für mehr Konversationspartner. Das Resultat ist ein direkter Vergleich zwischen OpenPGP, OTR, und dem Signal Protocol zum einen, und ein Vergleich üblicher Mechanismen für Gruppenkonversation mit spezielleren Protokollen wie np1sec zum anderen. Weiterhin wurden die Anforderungen für ‘modernes’ Messaging spezifiziert, und ihnen entsprechende Technologien ausgewählt. Das Ergebnis ist ein erfolgreiches Plugin für die libpurple-Messaging-Library, das das OMEMO-XMPP-Erweiterungsprotokoll implementiert, und somit auch dem weit verbreiteten Pidgin-Messenger zur Verfügung stellt. Um dies zu erreichen, wurden auch Libraries für das Arbeiten mit der Signal Protocol-Implementation in C sowie das OMEMO-Protokoll geschrieben. Außerdem wurde auch ein libpurple-Plugin entwickelt, das es ermöglicht, mehrere Geräte gleichzeitig zu verwenden.
description: The aim of this thesis is to let users of desktop operating systems partake in the advances the field of instant messaging has made on mobile devices. To this end, current technologies are first identified and evaluated, both for the two-party and multiparty case. The outcome is a direct comparison between OpenPGP, OTR, and the Signal Protocol for the former case, and a comparison between common schemes for secure multiparty communication and specifically developed protocols such as np1sec. Afterwards, the requirements for ‘modern’ messaging are laid down, and fitting technologies chosen. Based on this groundwork, the main result is a successful OMEMO XMPP extension protocol plugin for the open-source libpurple messaging library whose graphical frontend Pidgin is a widely used messenger. Achieving this required writing libraries to handle the Signal Protocol library on a higher level, and for dealing with the OMEMO protocol itself. Additionally, a further libpurple plugin for enabling multi-device support is written.