cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The enigmatic central star of the planetary nebula PRTM 1
Creators: name: Boffin, Henri M. J.
name: Miszalski, Brent
name: Jones, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central star of the planetary nebula PRTM 1 (PN G243.8-37.1) was previously found to be variable by M. Pena and colleagues. As part of a larger programme aimed towards finding post common-envelope binary central stars we have monitored the central star of PRTM 1 spectroscopically and photometrically for signs of variability. Over a period of ~3 months we find minimal radial velocity (<10 km/s) and photometric (< 0.2 mag) variability. The data suggest a close binary nucleus can be ruled out at all but the lowest orbital inclinations, especially considering the spherical morphology of the nebula which we reveal for the first time. Although the current data strongly support the single star hypothesis, the true nature of the central star of PRTM 1 remains enigmatic and will require further radial velocity monitoring at higher resolution to rule out a close binary. If in the odd case that it is a close binary, it would be the first such case in a spherical planetary nebula, in contradiction to current thinking.
description: A&A, in press
Additional file 14 of Alternative stable states, nonlinear behavior, and predictability of microbiome dynamics
Creators: name: Fujita, Hiroaki
name: Ushio, Masayuki
name: Suzuki, Kenta
name: Abe, Masato S.
name: Yamamichi, Masato
name: Iwayama, Koji
name: Canarini, Alberto
name: Hayashi, Ibuki
name: Fukushima, Keitaro
name: Fukuda, Shinji
name: Kiers, E. Toby
name: Toju, Hirokazu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 14: Figure S14. Dependence of relationship between signal index values and observed community-compositional changes on time steps in forecasting.
title: Parental perspectives of children’s use of internet connected toys
Creators: name: Palaiologou, Ioanna
name: Arnott, Lorna
name: Gray, Colette
Publisher: name: CIED - Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais
Year: 2019

description: Internet Connected Toys (IoToys) are becoming increasingly popular among very young children (birth to seven years) within families. Meanwhile, increasingly complex and multipurpose digital devices and IoToys require new attitudes, aptitudes and competences on the part of parents. This qualitative study focused on examining how children interact with IoToys at home and in early childhood education. Data were collected using a multi-method approach over an eight-month period. We conducted interviews with parents and teachers, observed children and collected videos of children’s use of IoToys to capture daily habits, experiences and attitudes in two contexts: home and education. Data were collected in four regions: England, Central Scotland, Northern Ireland and Greece. A synergy between social ecology and family systems theory theoretical approach was used. This chapter reports data gathered within 11 home settings in England and adopts a parental perspective on the use of IoToys. Results indicate that parents feel digitally literate but have concerns about the use of IoToys at home. In particular with their ability to deal with uncontrollable popup advertisements and inappropriate pop-up images and, at an emotional level, their feelings about their own digital skills. The findings suggest that parents’ view of IoToys pose opportunities and challenges for entertainment and learning, but they expressed the need for support to be able to choose safe and high-quality digital content for their children.
Acousto-optical coherence tomography with a digital holographic detection scheme
Creators: name: Gross, Michel
name: Ramaz, François
name: Benoit, Emilie
name: Bossy, Emmanuel
name: Farahi, Salma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acousto-optical coherence tomography (AOCT) consists in using random phase jumps on ultrasound and light to achieve a millimeter resolution when imaging thick scattering media. We combined this technique with heterodyne off-axis digital holography. Two-dimensional images of absorbing objects embedded in scattering phantoms are obtained with a good signal-to-noise ratio. We study the impact of the phase modulation characteristics on the amplitude of the acousto-optic signal and on the contrast and apparent size of the absorbing inclusion.
Thinking about those who value you based on how smart you are: Effects on effort and test anxiety
Creators: name: Vosicka, Lucie
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2016

description: The work examined whether activating a domain of a close other's contingency of acceptance leads to more anxiety in anticipation of an evaluative performance in that domain (Study 1), and greater effort toward improving oneself in that domain (Study 2). In a between-group experimental design, contingencies of acceptance were manipulated by a guided visualization of a close other whose acceptance was perceived either as non-contingent (intrinsic), contingent on a task-irrelevant domain (physical appearance), or contingent on a task-relevant domain (competence). The effects of the acceptance contingency condition on anxiety and effort were not statistically significant. However, in Study 1, six risk factors for being vulnerable to the influence of contingencies of acceptance were identified. There was an indication of an interaction between the presence of risk factors and acceptance contingency condition. Specifically, individuals classified as at high risk of susceptibility to acceptance contingencies (but not those at low risk) reported considerably more anxiety in competence acceptance contingency condition compared to intrinsic acceptance contingency condition (d = 0.77). These results suggest that perceived potential for failure in the domain of competence may constitute a threat to one's level of social acceptance, and that shifting an activated acceptance contingency to a domain irrelevant to the pursuit of competence may reduce anxiety about a performance evaluative of one's competence for people vulnerable to the influence of acceptance contingencies. However, caution has to be exercised in interpreting the results due to violation of assumptions of conducted statistical significance tests.
Subjective Beat Perception in Musical Rhythms in Adult Listeners
Creators: name: Nave, Karli M
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2017

description: Synchronization to rhythmic stimuli is an everyday experience, whether it is exercising to the beat of music, dancing salsa, or rocking a baby to sleep. Commonly, humans synchronize their movements with the frequency of the beat (a quasi-isochronous pattern of prominent time points). Previous research has shown that the intended beat periodicity of a rhythmic stimulus can be observed in periodic neural activity; however, the extent to which this reflects robust perception of musical rhythm versus purely stimulus-driven activity is unknown. In Experiment 1 and 2, I investigated how long listeners can maintain a percept of the beat once the stimulus evidence becomes beat-ambiguous. In Experiment 3, I used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate whether steady state-evoked potentials (SS-EPs, the electrocortical activity from a population of neurons resonating at the frequency of a periodic stimulus) arising from auditory cortex reflect beat perception when the physical information in the stimulus is ambiguous and supports two possible beat patterns. In both experiments, participants listened to a musical excerpt that strongly supported a particular beat pattern (context), followed by an ambiguous rhythm consistent with either beat pattern (ambiguous phase). During the final probe phase, listeners indicated whether a superimposed drum matched the beat. We found that participants perceived probes that matched the beat of the context as better fitting the ambiguous rhythm, compared to probes that did not match the beat of the context. We also found that SS-EPs during the ambiguous phase had higher amplitudes at frequencies corresponding to the beat of the preceding context. These findings support the idea that SS-EPs arising from auditory cortex reflect perception of musical rhythm and not just stimulus encoding of temporal features.
Bosonic Fractional Quantum Hall States in Rotating Optical Lattices: Projective Symmetry Group Analysis
Creators: name: Duric, T.
name: Lazarides, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study incompressible ground states of bosons in a two-dimensional rotating square optical lattice. The system can be described by the Bose-Hubbard model in an effective uniform magnetic field present due to the lattice rotation. To study ground states of the system, we map it to a frustrated spin model, followed by Schwinger boson mean field theory and projective symmetry group analysis. Using symmetry analysis we identify bosonic fractional quantum Hall states, predicted for bosonic atoms in rotating optical lattices, with possible stable gapped spin liquid states within the Schwinger boson formalism. In particular, we find that previously found fractional quantum Hall states induced by the lattice potential, and with no counterpart in the continuum [G. Möller, and N. R. Cooper, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{103}, 105303 (2009)], correspond to "$π$ flux" spin liquid states of the frustrated spin model.
description: 11 pages
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of PANI/Ni and PANI/Au/Ni Composites
Creators: name: Pacini, Morgan Emily
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this research is to show that the electrochemically controlled formation of monometallic and bimetallic catalysts in polyaniline (PANI) can directly influence the efficiency and reproducibility of the catalytic oxidation of methanol. PANI is a conductive polymer that provides a three-dimensional template for the metallic catalysts deposition at nitrogen sites. The controlled deposition of metallic species can be achieved using the normal oxidation/reduction cycles of PANI. The deposition of metallic species relies on anion precursors that are electrostatically bound by the polymer during the oxidation cycle. The precursor is reduced directly at the nitrogen sites in the polymer on the reverse cycle. While noble metal precursors such as AuCl4 - , PdCl4 2- and PtCl4 2- are available commercially, less expensive transition metal precursors were prepared in our lab. For example, the precursor NiCl4 2- was prepared by
         reacting dimethylamine hydrochloride with NiCl2 in the presence of chloroform based on the following chemical reaction:
         2[(CH3)2NH2Cl] + NiCl2 _ [(CH3 )2NH2 ]2 _NiCl4
         For proof of principal, solutions containing [(CH3)2NH2]2áNiCl4 were utilized to achieve Ni deposits at graphitic electrodes prior to deposition in PANI. PANI/metallic catalysts containing single metal species including Au, Pd, and Pt are well known and have been the
         subject of many studies in our laboratory. However, it is clear from the previous results that significant poisoning of the catalyst occurs during the oxidation of methanol. 1-6 The byproducts of the oxidation reaction adsorb onto the metal surface poisoning or blocking further catalysis. However, PANI/bimetallic composite can be prepared providing better catalytic oxidation of alcohol with reduced poisoning of the metal catalyst surface. Bimetallic catalysts are achieved when nickel is electrochemically deposited onto gold in the polymer. The combination of two different metal species reduces the deposition of surface contaminants ensuring oxidation of
         methanol can occur at the catalyst surface. The bimetallic catalyst containing Ni rather than two noble metal species also reduces the cost associated with the oxidation of methanol. The controlled deposition of the bimetallic catalyst in PANI showed high reproducibility in solutions containing KOH and during methanol oxidation. The SEM/EDX analysis confirms the deposition of Au/Ni in PANI. Finally, PANI/Au/Ni composites show that surface poisoning is minimized in comparison to PANI/Au composites. However, PANI/Ni composites showed higher current density for methanol oxidation at Ni in comparison to PANI/Au/Ni composites.
Cohousing Design Strategies for Active Aging
Creators: name: Thompson, Marisela
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2018

description: Objective:
Evaluate and identify approaches to the physical design, with emphasis on the interior design, of a cohousing model can be adapted to support the physical, cognitive and social health aspects of active aging.
Background:
Housing models evolve with the needs of society. Today, the societal practice of living in traditional nuclear-family based housing is challenged by the lack of financial resources(Blanchard 2017) and the need to care for an aging population. This project attempts to identify a housing model that promotes multigenerational co-housing as a means to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the elder population.
One factor that contributes to an individual's standard living is the capability to sustain one's health (Zaidi et al., 2017), and remain independent (Amesberger et al., 2011). A study conducted on human activity patterns estimates state that humans spend approximately ninety percent of their time interacting within the built environment (Klepeis et al., 2001). Therefore, the physical design of a housing model has the ability to address the health, safety and welfare needs of an aging population.
Older Americans strive to remain active and maintain a sense of purpose as they age, however many lack the appropriate physical and social support systems. A Cohousing model which is an intentional community of private homes which share access to common amenities has the ability to be a model where physical and social supports can be met while concurrently offering a venue for reciprocal and symbiotic relationships between multigenerational occupants.
Methods:
This project will be based on a qualitative analysis of secondary sources obtained from a literature review using grounded theory to identify common elements. Common elements identified were then distilled into charts and examined through design thinking methods via prototyping. Three prototypes were defined for each of the common elements. The results identified the most appropriate solution which could be applied to a cohousing model to accommodate health needs of Elder Americans.
Conclusion:
The conceptual model demonstrates the viability of implementing physical design strategies that support active aging of Elder Americans in a cohousing model. Results remain inconclusive on whether the design strategies will appeal to the target market and survive market scrutiny.
Additional file 15 of Alternative stable states, nonlinear behavior, and predictability of microbiome dynamics
Creators: name: Fujita, Hiroaki
name: Ushio, Masayuki
name: Suzuki, Kenta
name: Abe, Masato S.
name: Yamamichi, Masato
name: Iwayama, Koji
name: Canarini, Alberto
name: Hayashi, Ibuki
name: Fukushima, Keitaro
name: Fukuda, Shinji
name: Kiers, E. Toby
name: Toju, Hirokazu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 15: Figure S15. ROC analysis of diagnostic performance.
The distribution of warm gas in the G327.3--0.6 massive star-forming region
Creators: name: Leurini, S.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Herpin, F.
name: van der Tak, F.
name: Guesten, R.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most studies of high-mass star formation focus on massive luminous clumps, but the physical properties of their larger scale environment are poorly known. In this work, we aim at characterising the effects of clustered star formation and feedback of massive stars on the surrounding medium by studying the distribution of warm gas through mid-J 12CO and 13CO data. We present APEX 12CO(6-5), (7-6), 13CO(6-5), (8-7) and HIFI 13CO(10-9) maps of the star forming region G327.36-0.6. We infer the physical properties of the emitting gas on large scales through a LTE analysis, while we apply a more sophisticated LVG approach on selected positions. Maps of all lines are dominated in intensity by the PDR around the Hii region G327.3-0.5. Mid-J 12CO emission is detected over the whole extent of the maps with excitation temperatures ranging from 20K up to 80K in the gas around the Hii region, and H2 column densities from few 10^21 cm-2 in the inter-clump gas to 3 10^22 cm-2 towards the hot core G327.3-0.6. The warm gas (traced by 12 and 13CO(6-5) emission) is only a small percentage (10%) of the total gas in the IRDC, while it reaches values up to 35% of the total gas in the ring surrounding the Hii region. The 12CO ladders are qualitatively compatible with PDR models for high density gas, but the much weaker than predicted 13CO emission suggests that it comes from a large number of clumps along the line of sight. All lines are detected in the inter-clump gas when averaged over a large region with an equivalent radius of 50" (~0.8pc), implying that the mid-J 12CO and 13CO inter-clump emission is due to high density components with low filling factor. Finally, the detection of the 13CO(10-9) line allows to disentangle the effects of gas temperature and gas density on the CO emission, which are degenerate in the APEX observations alone.
description: accepted for publication by A&A
Cryptotis parva
Creators: name: Hutterer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Soricidae
Cryptotis
Cryptotis parva

description: Cryptotis parva (Say, 1823). In Long, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns, 1:163. TYPE LOCALITY: "Engineer Cantonment," west bank of Missouri River; restricted by Jones (1964:68) to USA, Nebraska, Washington Co., approximately 2 mi. east Ft. Calhoun. DISTRIBUTION: Extreme SE Canada through EC and SW USA, Mexico and Central America south to Panama. SYNONYMS: berlandieri, celatus, cinereus, elasson, exilipes, eximius, floridana, harlani, macer, nayaritensis, micrurus, olivaceus, orophila, pergracilis, pueblensis, soricina, tropicalis. COMMENTS: Reviewed by Whitaker (1974, Mammalian Species, 43), who recognized 9 subspecies, 5 of which occur in Middle America (Choate, 1970). Handley (pers. comm., 1989) suggested that floridana may be a distinct taxon; if this proves correct, then the other southern subspecies should be restudied.
description: Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 109, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085
description: {"references": ["Jones, J. K., Jr. 1964. Distribution and taxonomy of mammals of Nebraska. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 16: 1 - 356.", "Whitaker, J. O., Jr. 1974. Cryptotis parva. Mammalian Species, 43: 1 - 8.", "Choate, J. R. 1970. Systematics and zoogeography of Middle American shrews of the genus Cryptotis. University of Kansas, Publications of the Museum of Natural History, 19: 195 - 317."]}
A Characterization of Open Shop Scheduling Problems using the Hall Theorem and Network Flow
Creators: name: Chitti, Arunasri
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2014

description: Open shop scheduling problems are combinatorial problems where jobs with certain processing requirements on a number of different machines must be arranged in such a way that objectives related to completion time are optimized. Such problems have applications over a wide spectrum including such as communications, routing and manufacturing.
Many open shop problems are NP-hard but there are a number of special cases which possess polynomial solutions in the case of few machines or few jobs or when preemption of jobs is permitted. Many such solutions are based in the theory of matching or Hall's theorem, or more generally network flow. The primary focus of this thesis is to describe a number of polynomial-time solutions which are constructed using these related concepts and methods.
Additional file 1 of Mental health challenges, treatment experiences, and care needs of post-secondary students: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study
Creators: name: Moghimi, Elnaz
name: Stephenson, Callum
name: Gutierrez, Gilmar
name: Jagayat, Jasleen
name: Layzell, Gina
name: Patel, Charmy
name: McCart, Amber
name: Gibney, Cynthia
name: Langstaff, Caryn
name: Ayonrinde, Oyedeji
name: Khalid-Khan, Sarosh
name: Milev, Roumen
name: Snelgrove-Clarke, Erna
name: Soares, Claudio
name: Omrani, Mohsen
name: Alavi, Nazanin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 8 of Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on T1N0M0 breast cancer patients: a propensity score matching study based on SEER database and external cohort
Creators: name: Shen, Kaiwen
name: Yao, Longdi
name: Zhu, Jingyuan
name: Gu, Ximing
name: Wang, Jie
name: Qian, Wei
name: Zheng, Zhijian
name: Fu, Deyuan
name: Wu, Song
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Table S5. Multivariable Cox regression analyses of overall survival for tumor grades in T1a breast cancer patients.
Postural Sway and Brain Hemispheric Power Spectral Density Under Different Attentional Focus Conditions
Creators: name: Jalene, Sharon
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2014

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences, if any, in the root mean square error (RMSE) of postural sway and hemispheric power spectral density (PSD) in the alpha and beta bands (8-12Hz and 12-25Hz) during different conditions of attentional focus (i.e., internal focus (IF), and external focus (EF) and a control condition (C)). Previous studies have shown that the adoption of IF and EF significantly alter motor performance and that EF promotes automaticity (Wulf, 2013). Sports performance and balance studies utilizing EEG spectral analyses report increased alpha oscillations during expert performance and stable balance and increased beta oscillations during novice performances and challenging balance tasks. The present study was the first to examine the effects of attentional focus on postural sway and hemispheric PSD of EEG readings. Fifteen participants (N=15) were given instructions (i.e., C, "stand still"; IF, "keep your feet still"; EF, "keep the platform still") while standing on an unstable, compliant surface. Data were recorded for 3 minutes 45 seconds per condition. Results of the analyses were compared within subject. Postural sway analysis did not reveal differences between conditions but did show higher RMSE values in the anterior-posterior than the medial-lateral directions. The EEG PSD analyses revealed significant Condition x Frequency interaction within the right hemisphere for alpha and beta frequencies. The control condition had more power density than did the external or internal focus conditions. Also, the left hemisphere had more power density in the beta band in the control condition than the other focus conditions. There were not, however, differences between external and internal focus in either hemisphere or frequency band. Possible limitations of the study and suggestions for future inquiries are discussed.
The forbidden number of a knot
Creators: name: Crans, Alissa
name: Ganzell, Sandy
name: Mellor, Blake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27

description: Every classical or virtual knot is equivalent to the unknot via a sequence of extended Reidemeister moves and the so-called forbidden moves. The minimum number of forbidden moves necessary to unknot a given knot is an invariant we call the {\it forbidden number}. We relate the forbidden number to several known invariants, and calculate bounds for some classes of virtual knots.
description: 14 pages, many figures; v2 improves the upper bounds from the crossing number, and adds more detail to the data presented in the conclusion
The effects of medium on nuclear properties in multifragmentation
Creators: name: De, J. N.
name: Samaddar, S. K.
name: Viñas, X.
name: Centelles, M.
name: Mishustin, I. N.
name: Greiner, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In multifragmentation of hot nuclear matter, properties of fragments embedded in a soup of nucleonic gas and other fragments should be modified as compared with isolated nuclei. Such modifications are studied within a simple model where only nucleons and one kind of heavy nuclei are considered. The interaction between different species is described with a momentum-dependent two-body potential whose parameters are fitted to reproduce properties of cold isolated nuclei. The internal energy of heavy fragments is parametrized according to a liquid-drop model with density and temperature dependent parameters. Calculations are carried out for several subnuclear densities and moderate temperatures, for isospin-symmetric and asymmetric systems. We find that the fragments get stretched due to interactions with the medium and their binding energies decrease with increasing temperature and density of nuclear matter.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, Phys. Rev.C (in press)
Shear flow of dense granular materials near smooth walls. I. Shear localization and constitutive laws in boundary region
Creators: name: Shojaaee, Zahra
name: Roux, Jean-Noël
name: Chevoir, François
name: Dietrich, Wolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a numerical study of the shear flow of a simple two-dimensional model of a granular material under controlled normal stress between two parallel smooth, frictional walls, moving with opposite velocities $\pm$V . Discrete simulations, which are carried out with the contact dynamics method in dense assemblies of disks, reveal that, unlike rough walls made of strands of particles, smooth ones can lead to shear strain localization in the boundary layer. Specifically, we observe, for decreasing V, first a fluid-like regime (A), in which the whole granular layer is sheared, with a homogeneous strain rate except near the walls; then (B) a symmetric velocity profile with a solid block in the middle and strain localized near the walls and finally (C) a state with broken symmetry in which the shear rate is confined to one boundary layer, while the bulk of the material moves together with the opposite wall. Both transitions are independent of system size and occur for specific values of V . Transient times are discussed. We show that the first transition, between regimes A and B, can be deduced from constitutive laws identified for the bulk material and the boundary layer, while the second one could be associated with an instability in the behavior of the boundary layer. The boundary zone constitutive law, however, is observed to depend on the state of the bulk material nearby.
description: 13 pages
Additional file 3 of Mental health challenges, treatment experiences, and care needs of post-secondary students: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study
Creators: name: Moghimi, Elnaz
name: Stephenson, Callum
name: Gutierrez, Gilmar
name: Jagayat, Jasleen
name: Layzell, Gina
name: Patel, Charmy
name: McCart, Amber
name: Gibney, Cynthia
name: Langstaff, Caryn
name: Ayonrinde, Oyedeji
name: Khalid-Khan, Sarosh
name: Milev, Roumen
name: Snelgrove-Clarke, Erna
name: Soares, Claudio
name: Omrani, Mohsen
name: Alavi, Nazanin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table 4. Demographic data of qualitative respondents. Statistical analysis compared data of qualitative respondents and all survey respondents. All p values are two-tailed and α = 0.05.
Cryptotis squamipes
Creators: name: Hutterer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Soricidae
Cryptotis
Cryptotis squamipes

description: Cryptotis squamipes (J. A. Allen, 1912). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31:93. TYPE LOCALITY: "crest of Western Andes (alt. 10,340 ft.), 40 miles west of Popayan, Cauca, Colombia." DISTRIBUTION: S Cordillera Occidental of Colombia and Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 109, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085
Scaling laws of failure dynamics on complex networks
Creators: name: Pál, G.
name: Danku, Zs.
name: Batool, A.
name: Kádár, V.
name: Yoshioka, N.
name: Ito, N.
name: Ódor, G.
name: Kun, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topology of the network of load transmitting connections plays an essential role in the cascading failure dynamics of complex systems driven by the redistribution of load after local breakdown events. In particular, as the network structure is gradually tuned from regular to completely random a transition occurs from the localized to mean field behavior of failure spreading. Based on finite size scaling in the fiber bundle model of failure phenomena, here we demonstrate that outside the localized regime, the load bearing capacity and damage tolerance on the macro-scale, and the statistics of clusters of failed nodes on the micro-scale obey scaling laws with exponents which depend on the topology of the load transmission network and on the degree of disorder of the strength of nodes. Most notably, we show that the spatial structure of damage governs the emergence of the localized to mean field transition: as the network gets gradually randomized failed clusters formed on locally regular patches merge through long range links generating a percolation like transition which reduces the load concentration on the network. The results may help to design network structures with an improved robustness against cascading failure.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
On structural and temporal credit assignment in reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Arash
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Reinforcement learning, or learning how to map situations to actions that maximise a numerical reward signal, poses two fundamental interdependent problems: exploration and credit assignment. The exploration problem concerns an agent's ability to discover useful experiences. The credit assignment problem pertains to an agent's ability to incorporate the discovered experiences. The latter comprises two distinct subproblems itself: structural and temporal credit assignment. The structural credit assignment problem involves determining how to assign credit for the outcome of an action to the many component structures, or internal decisions, that could have been involved in producing that action. The temporal credit assignment problem has to do with determining how to assign credit for outcomes of a sequence of experiences to the actions that could have contributed to those outcomes. In this thesis, we broadly study the credit assignment problem in reinforcement learning, making contributions to each of its subproblems in isolation. In the first part of this thesis we address the reinforcement learning problem in environments with multi-dimensional discrete action spaces, a problem setting that plagues structural credit assignment, or generalisation, due to the Bellman's curse of dimensionality. We argue that leveraging the combinatorial structure of such action spaces is crucial for achieving rapid generalisation from limited data. To this end, we introduce two approaches for estimating action values that feature a capacity for leveraging such structures, in each case empirically validating that significant performance improvements in sample complexity can be gained. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approaches unleash significant benefits concerning space and time complexity, thus allowing them to successfully scale to high-dimensional discrete action spaces where the conventional approach becomes computationally intractable. In the second part of this thesis we address the temporal credit assignment problem. Specifically, we identify and analyse general training scenarios where appropriate temporal credit assignment is hindered by the mishandling of time limits or by the choice of discount factor. To address the first matter, we formalise the ways in which time limits may be interpreted in reinforcement learning and how they should be handled in each case accordingly. To address the second matter, we produce a possible explanation for why the performance of low discount factors tends to fall flat when used in conjunction with function approximation. In turn, this leads us to develop a method that enables a much larger range of discount factors by rectifying the hypothesised root cause.
title: Northern STARS Safety Village: Program Evaluation
Creators: name: Guedry, Gawain
name: Jackson, Marcie
name: Witter, JoAnne
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2012

description: The City of North Las Vegas (CLNV) and the North Las Vegas Fire Department (NLVFD), circa 2007, embarked on a mission to create a safety village for children. The initial intent of the program is to provide a place where children can learn real-life strategies for dealing with emergencies while developing a positive attitude towards safety. The fire department has accomplished a significant amount of preliminary work; however, the program currently remains in the conceptualization phase, as they have been unable to develop a tangible product. This, in large part, is due to the economic crisis Southern Nevada has been experiencing over the past several years, commonly referred to as the Great Recession by everyone in the country affected by this financial crisis. The NLVFD sought assistance from the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) School of Environmental and Public Affairs (SEPA) in the latter part of 2011. Captain Cedric Williams, the sole remaining NLVFD stakeholder from an initial team of many, requested assistance with building a business plan  a document by which he could use to seek both private- and grant-based funding opportunities.
TESS Experiments: Does Self-affirmation Influence Health Message Processing through Changes in Construal Levels?
Creators: name: Yzer, Marco
name: Zhu, Xuan
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) offers researchers the opportunity to capture the internal validity of experiments. Investigators submit proposals, and TESS fields successful proposals for free on a representative sample of adults in the United States. This experiment was conducted as part of a multi-part causal-chain experiment to test the influence of self-affirmation in health message processing. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of six conditions across three parallel experiments (Experiment 1: self-affirmation prime message effects vs. no self-affirmation prime message effects; Experiment 2: self-affirmation prime construal level measure vs. no self-affirmation prime construal level measure; Experiment 3: high construal level prime message effects vs. a low construal level prime message effects). A total of 789 respondents participated. Respondents in experiments 1 and 3 were presented with a message about the health risks of heavy drinking and asked to indicate their emotional response to the message, trust in and agreement with the message, and their intent toward and perceived ability in reducing alcohol use. Respondents in experiment 2 were given pairs of activity descriptions and indicated the description that they preferred. This allowed for measurement of self-affirmation on message effects and construal level.
Formal concept analysis for evaluating intrinsic dimension of a natural language
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Sergei O.
name: Gromov, Vasilii A.
name: Borodin, Nikita S.
name: Divavin, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Some results of a computational experiment for determining the intrinsic dimension of linguistic varieties for the Bengali and Russian languages are presented. At the same time, both sets of words and sets of bigrams in these languages were considered separately. The method used to solve this problem was based on formal concept analysis algorithms. It was found that the intrinsic dimensions of these languages are significantly less than the dimensions used in popular neural network models in natural language processing.
description: Preprint, 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (PReMI 2023)
Cryptotis thomasi
Creators: name: Hutterer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Soricidae
Cryptotis
Cryptotis thomasi

description: Cryptotis thomasi (Merriam, 1897). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:227. TYPE LOCALITY: "Plains of Bogota, Colombia (on G. O. Child's estate, near city of Bogota, alt. about 9000 ft)." DISTRIBUTION: Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, Ecuador, and N Peru. SYNONYMS: equatoris, medellinius, osgoodi.
description: Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 109, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085
Retrograde discs around one component of a binary are unstable to tilting
Creators: name: Overton, Madeline
name: Martin, Rebecca G.
name: Lubow, Stephen H.
name: Lepp, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With hydrodynamic simulations we show that a coplanar disc around one component of a binary can be unstable to global tilting when the disc orbits in a retrograde direction relative to the binary. The disc experiences the largest inclination growth relative to the binary orbit in the outermost radii of the disc, closest to the companion. This tilt instability also occurs for test particles. A retrograde disc is much larger than a prograde disc since it is not tidally truncated and instead spreads outwards to the orbit of the companion. The coplanar retrograde disc remains circular while a coplanar prograde disc can become eccentric. We suggest that the inclination instability is due to a disc resonance caused by the interaction of the tilt with the tidal field of the binary. This model is applicable to Be/X-ray binaries in which the Be star disc may be retrograde relative to the binary orbit if there was a sufficiently strong kick from the supernova that formed the neutron star companion. The accretion on to the neutron star and the resulting X-ray outbursts are weaker in the retrograde case compared to the prograde case.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Evolutionary analysis and functional characterization of BZR1 gene family in celery revealed their conserved roles in brassinosteroid signaling
Creators: name: Zuo, Chunliu
name: Zhang, Lan
name: Yan, Xinyue
name: Guo, Xinyue
name: Zhang, Qing
name: Li, Songyang
name: Li, Yanling
name: Xu, Wen
name: Song, Xiaoming
name: Wang, Jinpeng
name: Yuan, Min
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1 Full-length blots/gels of Fig. 8B are presented.A-E indicated multiple exposure images. F indicated the CoomassieBrilliant Blue (CBB) staining result.
Additional file 6 of Blood metabolic and physiological profiles of Bama miniature pigs at different growth stages
Creators: name: Mo, Jiayuan
name: Lu, Yujie
name: Xing, Tianqi
name: Xu, Di
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Wang, Yubin
name: Yan, Gang
name: Lan, Ganqiu
name: Liang, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 6. Figure S3. The enriched KEGG between 6M and 12M.
Smooth and Clumpy Dust Distribution in AGN: a Direct Comparison of two Commonly Explored Infrared Emission Models
Creators: name: Feltre, A.
name: Hatziminaoglou, E.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Franceschini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geometry of the dust distribution within the inner regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is still a debated issue and relates directly with the AGN unified scheme. Traditionally, models discussed in the literature assume one of two distinct dust distributions in what is believed to be a toroidal region around the Supermassive Black Holes: a continuous distribution, customarily referred to as smooth, and a concentration of dust in clumps or clouds, referred to as clumpy. In this paper we perform a thorough comparison between two of the most popular models in the literature, namely the smooth models by Fritz. et al. 2006 and the clumpy models by Nenkova et al. 2008a, in their common parameters space. Particular attention is paid to the silicate features at ~9.7 and ~18 micron, the width of the infrared bump, the near-infrared index and the luminosity at 12.3 micron, all previously reported as possible diagnostic tools to distinguish between the two dust distributions. We find that, due to the different dust chemical compositions used in the two models, the behaviour of the silicate features at 9.7 and 18 micron is quite distinct between the two models. The width of the infrared bump and the peak of the infrared emission can take comparable values, their distributions do, however, vary. The near-infrared index is also quite different, due partly to the primary sources adopted by the two models. Models with matched parameters do not produce similar SEDs and virtually no random parameter combinations can result in seemingly identical SEDs.
description: 9 Pages, 6 Figures, 1 Table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Detecting measurement-induced relative-position localisation
Creators: name: Knott, P. A.
name: Sindt, J.
name: Dunningham, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One interpretation of how the classical world emerges from an underlying quantum reality involves the build-up of certain robust entanglements between particles due to scattering events [Science Vol.301 p.1081]. This is an appealing view because it unifies two apparently disparate theories. It says that the uniquely quantum effect of entanglement is associated with classical behaviour. This is distinct from other interpretations that says classicality arises when quantum correlations are lost or neglected in measurements. To date the weakness of this interpretation has been the lack of a clear experimental signature that allows it to be tested. Here we provide a simple experimentally accessible scheme that enables just that. We also discuss a Bayesian technique that could, in principle, allow experiments to confirm the theory to any desired degree of accuracy and we present precision requirements that are achievable with current experiments. Finally, we extend the scheme from its initial one dimensional proof of principle to the more real world scenario of three dimensional localisation.
Taxonomic complexity in eyebrights (Euphrasia L., Orobanchaceae) and the British flora
Creators: name: Brown, Max
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2021

description: Many plant groups are taxonomically complex with species that are difficult to distinguish. The main factors driving this complexity include apomixis, selfing, hybridisation, and polyploidy. Plant parasitism is a potential driving force of taxonomic complexity that has, however, been largely overlooked. In this thesis I use two main systems to explore these factors; the British flora and a hemiparasitic genus of plants, Euphrasia. The British flora is an excellent system with a wealth of large and comprehensive ecological and genetic data sets available, while Euphrasia is a tractable experimental system exhibiting rampant hybridisation, variation in ploidy level and mating system, and able to parasitise a wide range of plant species. The main aim of this thesis is to understand the role of hybridisation, polyploidy, and parasitism in driving taxonomic complexity in Euphrasia and the British flora. I first review the frequency and importance of cross ploidy hybridisation across plants, and based on a literature review and survey of the British flora find it to be more common than usually appreciated. Next, I investigate how hybridisation is affected by phylogenetic relationships and genetic distance between species across the British flora. I find that the probability of hybridisation is impacted mainly by parental genetic distance, ploidy level differences, and the extent of geographical overlap. Then, I investigate a single contact zone between a diploid and tetraploid species of Euphrasia, and find little evidence of contemporary hybridisation, however demographic modelling supports a model with low levels of gene flow. In the second part of the thesis, I use common garden experiments to understand the nature of species differences in the taxonomically complex, hemiparasitic genus Euphrasia. I show that firstly, traits used to identify species in Euphrasia are plastic, and change depending on the host plant species used. I go on to show that Euphrasia exhibit both conserved and host specific interactions across many different host species, which potentially reveals cryptic specialisation. This thesis shows how integrated analyses incorporating genetic and ecological data can be used to explore the many and diverse factors underlying taxonomic complexity in plants.