cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How should we evaluate sweetened beverage tax policies? A review of worldwide experience.
Creators: name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Colchero, M Arantxa
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Evaluation
Logic models
Policy
Sugar-sweetened beverage
Tax
Beverages
Humans
Noncommunicable Diseases
Public Policy
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Taxes

description: Over 45 jurisdictions globally have implemented sweetened beverage taxes. Researchers and policymakers need to assess whether and how these taxes change beverage demand and supply, their intended and unanticipated health, economic and equity impacts. Lessons from such evaluations can maximise the policies' success and impact on non-communicable disease prevention globally. We discuss key theoretical, design and methodological considerations to help policymakers, funders and researchers commission and conduct rigorous evaluations of these policies and related disease prevention efforts. We encourage involving the perspectives of various stakeholders on what evaluations are needed given the specific context, what data and methods are appropriate, readily available or can be collected within time and budget constraints. A logic model /conceptual system map of anticipated implications across sectors and scales should help identify optimal study design, analytical techniques and measures. These models should be updated when synthesising findings across diverse methods and integrating findings across subpopulations using similar methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ENTERPRISES
Creators: name: Olimov Odiljon Xamza oʻgʻli Graduate School of Business and Entrepreneurship  under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Modern technologies and platforms have helped businesses and individuals to reduce costs by minimizing personal communication with customers, partners and government organizations, and also made it possible to communicate more quickly and easily.

Keywords: Developed countries, technologies and platforms, enterprises and individuals, personal communication.
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: November 2018 Texas 32 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); Texas Congressional District 32 (1); Democratic Candidate Colin Allred (1); Republican Candidate Pete Sessions (1); vote for Democrat/Republican for Senate (1); Democratic Candidate Beto O'Rourke (1); Republican Candidate Ted Cruz (1);opinion of various public figures (2); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); political partisanship (1).
title: Influence of low-temperature resistivity on fast electron transport in solids: scaling to fast ignition electron beam parameters
Creators: name: McKenna, Paul
Publisher: name: University of Strathclyde
Year: 2015
Subjects: lasers
laser-ion acceleration
plasma physics

description: This dataset contains two types of files. These are: (1) *.dat files. These files contain the data plotted in the figures in the corresponding publication. Resinp_Li_caseA.dat, for example, is the resistivity curve for Li case A plotted in figure 1 of the paper. (2) *.in files. These files are the input files for the Zephyros code used to simulate the fast electron transport. The corresponding results for readin_Li_caseA.in, for example, are plotted in figure 2. This dataset relates to the EPSRC funded project Advanced laser-ion acceleration strategies towards next generation healthcare (EP/K022415/1) and the EPSRC funded research fellowship Multi-PetaWatt laser-Plasma Interactions: A New Frontier in Physics (EP/J003832/1). This dataset also relates to the publication 'Influence of low-temperature resistivity on fast electron transport in solids scaling to fast ignition electron beam parameters' published in the journal Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion.
Presentation on RADICAL for FET Briefing event 'Research Meets Industry' on 21 April 2021
Creators: name: Holmes, Justin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: radical
environmental monitoring
air quality monitoring
atmospheric radicals
nanosensors
junctionless nanowire transistor
gas sensor

description: A short overview of the RADICAL project aims, for a 'Research Meets Industry' networking event organised by FET Briefing on 21 April 2021. The focus was on environmental research projects funded under the Horizon 2020 FET-Open call.

RADICAL represents a 'Fundamental Breakthrough in Detection of Atmospheric Free Radicals'.

Find out more on the RADICAL project website: radical-air.eu

The RADICAL project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 899282.
Additional file 7: of miR-10a rejuvenates aged human mesenchymal stem cells and improves heart function after myocardial infarction through KLF4
Creators: name: Dong, Jun
name: Zhang, Zhenhui
name: Huang, Hongshen
name: Mo, Pei
name: Cheng, Chuanfan
name: Liu, Jianwei
name: Huang, Weizhao
name: Tian, Chaowei
name: Zhang, Chongyu
name: Li, Jiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S6. Downregulation of miR-10a or overexpression of KLF4 in old hBM-MSCs increased apoptotic gene expression. Quantification of mRNA expression of BAX and PUMA (pr-apoptotic), BCL2 and MCL1 (antiapoptotic) in O, O-anti10a and O-KLF4 hBM-MSCs after culture for 72 h under hypoxia conditions. n = 6/group. Mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 (PDF 38 kb)
Vibration-Induced Heating of Energetic Materials: A Review
Creators: name: Perry, James
name: Walley, Stephen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: AbstractThe transport of energetic materials—whether by truck over rough terrain, or attached to the undercarriage of a high-performance jet aircraft—carries a certain level of inherent risk as the repeatedly applied stresses from vibration may lead to heating, mechanical degradation, and potentially even the triggering of an ignition event. Increasing knowledge of the underlying physics which control ignition is allowing us to better understand, and thus reduce, the risk of a catastrophic event occurring. The Apollo and Space Shuttle programmes provided motivation for research into the topic in the 1960s and 1970s, and some recent studies have focussed on the grain-scale physics of ignition. However, much of the useful insight has arisen from work with other primary applications in mind. Therefore, this review aims to bring together literature from several fields, with the intention of better understanding vibration-induced heating (VIH) phenomena in energetic materials. Sensitivity, VIH in viscoelastic polymers and inert composites, and a technique known as vibrothermography which uses VIH to detect cracks, are all considered where relevant read-across can be found. Often being viscoelastic materials and composites with complex rheology, energetic materials subjected to vibrational loading tend to warm up, with potential for even greater temperature rises due to anisotropy-driven localised heating mechanisms. Binders soften as temperature rises, and the chance of damage increases, which may lead to runaway heating and thermal failure (if mechanical failure does not occur first).
description: QinetiQ Plc
Luis Bagué Quílez, Cosas que el dinero puede comprar. Del eslogan al poema
Creators: name: Cimardi, Ambra
Publisher: name: Università degli studi di Torino
Year: 2019

description: Il volume Cosas que el dinero puede comprar. Del eslogan al poema (2018), editato dall’illustre studioso e poeta Luis Bagué Quílez, contiene diciassette saggi di rinomati accademici internazionali che indagano la complessa relazione tra l’ars poetica e la dimensione pubblicitaria. Il libro è esaustivo, attuale, originale e ben organizzato nelle sue tre sezioni intitolate: “Tiempos modernos: propaganda y consignas”, “La musa publicitaria: entre el verso y el eslogan” e “Volvemos en 5 minutos: técnicas de persuasión” e offre una visione completa e innovativa della realtà degli ultimi due secoli, ragione per la quale risulta fondamentale nel panorama accademico attuale. La prima sezione comprende quattro articoli che studiano da un punto di vista storico-letterario la relazione tra poesia e retorica propagandista politica e sociale nella prima metà del secolo scorso. La seconda parte analizza la reciproca contaminazione tra la poesia e la pubblicità nell’epoca postmoderna e, infine, la terza sezione approfondisce la presenza di tecniche di persuasione promozionale all’intero di diversi generi testuali tra i quali: la poesía visual, el bodegón literario e la canción de autor española. Seguendo il percorso tracciato magistralmente da Luis Bagué Quílez, il lettore non solo acquisisce una conoscenza approfondita del tema, bensì medita sul ruolo della pubblicità nella nostra società, ogni giorno sempre più presente e potente.
description: Artifara, N. 19 (2019)
Investigation of Solar Cell Properties by Absolute Measurement of Spatially and Spectrally Resolved Luminescence
Creators: name: Delamarre, A.
name: Lombez, L.
name: Guillemoles, J.F.
name: Ehrlacher, V.
name: Lelièvre, T.
name: Cancès, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 497-499
description: Light emission from solar cells contains various information about the device. Therefore
electroluminescence and photoluminescence measurements are widely used as characterization methods, the latter
being in addition contactless. We present here results obtained from a Hyperspectral Imager, recording the emission
simultaneously with spatial and spectral resolution, with an absolute calibration. Using the generalized Planck’s law
we can therefore record maps of the quasi-Fermi level splitting in the sample, which is related to the device junction
voltage. In this paper we show experiments on CIGS solar cells exhibiting strong spatial fluctuations.
Major population splits coincide with episodes of rapid climate change in a forest-dependent bird.
Creators: name: Warmuth, Vera M
name: Burgess, Malcolm D
name: Laaksonen, Toni
name: Manica, Andrea
name: Mägi, Marko
name: Nord, Andreas
name: Primmer, Craig R
name: Sætre, Glenn-Peter
name: Winkel, Wolfgang
name: Ellegren, Hans
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: climate change
ficedula
genetic divergence
last glacial maximum
niche model
pied flycatchers

description: Climate change influences population demography by altering patterns of gene flow and reproductive isolation. Direct mutation rates offer the possibility for accurate dating on the within-species level but are currently only available for a handful of vertebrate species. Here, we use the first directly estimated mutation rate in birds to study the evolutionary history of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Using a combination of demographic inference and species distribution modelling, we show that all major population splits in this forest-dependent system occurred during periods of increased climate instability and rapid global temperature change. We show that the divergent Spanish subspecies originated during the Eemian-Weichselian transition 115-104 thousand years ago (kya), and not during the last glacial maximum (26.5-19 kya), as previously suggested. The magnitude and rates of climate change during the glacial-interglacial transitions that preceded population splits in pied flycatchers were similar to, or exceeded, those predicted to occur in the course of the current, human-induced climate crisis. As such, our results provide a timely reminder of the strong impact that episodes of climate instability and rapid temperature changes can have on species' evolutionary trajectories, with important implications for the natural world in the Anthropocene.
Towards 19% Efficient CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Morales-Acevedo, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2812-2814
description: After 10 years without change, First Solar announced recently a new efficiency world record for
CdS/CdTe solar cells set at 17.3%, as confirmed by NREL [1]. This is a significant milestone that demonstrates the
ongoing potential of CdTe thin-film solar cells. Then, a question arises on the new limits likely to be achieved for the
efficiency of this kind of solar cells. The author [2] had previously predicted that with current technology, the
practical limit was around 17.5%, but below 18%. In this work, a systematic study of the expected efficiency
evolution as a function of fabrication parameters is made with the help of a new solar cell simulator (wxAMPS) [3].
We start from known parameters, so that the simulated results coincide with the previous reported record efficiency
(16.5% under AM1.5 G radiation). Then, we show that as the thickness of the CdTe layer is reduced the efficiency
will be increased mostly due to an increased Filling Factor (FF). It will be shown that there is an optimum thickness
for which the highest efficiency becomes 17.7%, confirming the preceding author’s prediction. In addition, it will be
shown that the introduction of a ZnTe layer at the back of the solar cell (i. e. with a new device structure:
CdS/CdTe/ZnTe) will help reaching an even higher efficiency, for very thin solar cells, above 19.5%. These results
should be useful for guiding experimentalists to make more efficient CdTe solar cells.
Transient Electroluminescence Imaging and Current-Voltage Characteristics of Individual Cells within PV-Modules
Creators: name: Kubicek, B.
name: Mühleisen, W.
name: Újvári, G.
name: Ebner, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1419-1422
description: During EL-imaging of PV-Modules, a typically fixed current is applied. The module heats up to a steady state.
This process can take up to 30 minutes. However, local differences in thermal mass, heating power (e.g. due to
local current densities), shunts and similar effects influence this process. As the current density distribution
thereby changes, this changes are visible in EL imaging by taking a series of short-exposure images. Thereby not
only thermal caused connections or disconnections of cracked cell segments can be exhibited, but also local
variations of cell properties.
Accurate Characterization of Organic Solar Cells by Combining Steady-State and Transient Techniques
Creators: name: Neukom, M.
name: Züfle, S.
name: Ruhstaller, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Organic-based PV

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2942-2944
description: A method to extract material and device parameters of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells from
experimental data is presented.
Accurate device characterization is an essential part in research and development of solar cells. Obtaining reliable
material and device parameters is an important step in this characterization, since it paves the way to a better
understanding of device operation and the quantification of loss mechanisms. Parameter extraction is an error-prone
task and the obtained values often lack accuracy. Using inaccurate material or device parameters can lead to
misleading interpretation of results.
We present a method to extract material and device parameters more accurately. To reduce the correlation among the
extracted parameters we simultaneously analyze the current-voltage characteristics, the transient photo-CELIV
current and the dynamic response to a light pulse. We show that with numerical modeling based on one set of
parameters a systematic series of measurements can be reproduced. The full electrical behavior can be described
using a basic drift-diffusion model with constant mobilities and direct photon-to-charge conversion.
Beauty in the Standard Model and Beyond
Creators: name: Sciolla, Gabriella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of CP violation in the B system allows us to perform quantitative tests of the CP symmetry in the Standard Model. Many precise measurements of the sides and angles of the Unitarity Triangle used to test the theory are made possible by the abundant experimental data accumulated at the B factories and the Tevatron. I review the Standard Model description of CP violation and the key measurements which allow us to use CP violation studies as a probe for New Physics.
description: 7 pages, 5 postscript figures, contributed to the Proceedings of CIPANP 2006: 9th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Westin Rio Mar Beach, Puerto Rico, 30 May - 3 Jun 2006
Cavity magnomechanical storage and retrieval of quantum states
Creators: name: Sarma, Bijita
name: Busch, Thomas
name: Twamley, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how a quantum state in a microwave cavity mode can be transferred to and stored in a phononic mode via an intermediate magnon mode in a magnomechanical system. For this we consider a ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere inserted in a microwave cavity, where the microwave and magnon modes are coupled via a magnetic-dipole interaction and the magnon and phonon modes in the YIG sphere are coupled via magnetostrictive forces. By modulating the cavity and magnon detunings and the driving of the magnon mode in time, a Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP)-like coherent transfer becomes possible between the cavity mode and the phonon mode. The phononic mode can be used to store the photonic quantum state for long periods as it possesses lower damping than the photonic and magnon modes. Thus our proposed scheme offers a possibility of using magnomechanical systems as quantum memory for photonic quantum information.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Non-photonic electron-hadron correlations at STAR
Creators: name: Wang, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present STAR's measurements of azimuthal correlations between non-photonic electrons and charged hadrons in p+p, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. In p+p collisions, from the non-photonic e-h correlation we have extracted the relative B meson semi-leptonic decay contributions to non-photonic electrons up to electron $p_t \sim 9$ GeV/$c$. In central Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions where a dense medium is created, we find that the e-h correlation on the away side of the trigger non-photonic electron has been modified in comparison with the expectation from PYTHIA simulations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Quark Matter 2008 proceedings, presented in the parallel Session XIII
StemBond hydrogels control the mechanical microenvironment for pluripotent stem cells.
Creators: name: Labouesse, Céline
name: Tan, Bao Xiu
name: Agley, Chibeza C
name: Hofer, Moritz
name: Winkel, Alexander K
name: Stirparo, Giuliano G
name: Stuart, Hannah T
name: Verstreken, Christophe M
name: Mulas, Carla
name: Mansfield, William
name: Bertone, Paul
name: Franze, Kristian
name: Silva, José CR
name: Chalut, Kevin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Studies of mechanical signalling are typically performed by comparing cells cultured on soft and stiff hydrogel-based substrates. However, it is challenging to independently and robustly control both substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix tethering to substrates, making matrix tethering a potentially confounding variable in mechanical signalling investigations. Moreover, unstable matrix tethering can lead to poor cell attachment and weak engagement of cell adhesions. To address this, we developed StemBond hydrogels, a hydrogel in which matrix tethering is robust and can be varied independently of stiffness. We validate StemBond hydrogels by showing that they provide an optimal system for culturing mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. We further show how soft StemBond hydrogels modulate stem cell function, partly through stiffness-sensitive ERK signalling. Our findings underline how substrate mechanics impact mechanosensitive signalling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation, indicating that optimising the complete mechanical microenvironment will offer greater control over stem cell fate specification.
D7.4 - MAGNITUDE Policy Recommendations
Creators: name: Corscadden, Jack
name: Provaggi, Alessandro
name: Seidelt, Stephan
name: Kessels, Kris
name: Virag, Ana
name: Corsetti, Edoardo
name: Belhomme, Régine
name: Gutschi, Christoph
name: Klyapovskiy, Sergey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Multi-energy systems
Aggregation
Provision of flexibility
Electricity, gas, heating and cooling systems.

description: This report is Deliverable D7.4 of the MAGNITUDE H2020 European proejct.The objective is to deliver policy recommendations in a pan-European perspective and to provide inputs to the ongoing policy discussions in the energy field. The MAGNITUDE policy recommendations address market mechanisms, regulation, and standardization. They build on the “Lessons Learnt” deliverable D7.3. and on an in-depth analysis of the project results to translate them into tangible recommendations for EU-level, based on a holistic approach, thereby enabling wider renewable energy integration thanks to new services from cross energy carrier systems.
The molecular cloning and characterization of a Beta-glucosidase gene from an Agrobacterium
Creators: name: Wakarchuk, Warren William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The β-glucosidase (Abg) from ATCC 21400, an Agrobacterium species, was purified to homogeneity. The protein was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and the peptides were purified by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The partial amino-acid sequences for three CNBr peptides, CNBr1, CNBr2 and CNBr3, were determined by automated Edman degradation. A sequence from CNBr2 was used to synthesize a mixture of oligonucleotides which was used as a hybridization probe to identify a recombinant DNA clone carrying the gene for β-glucosidase. A single clone was isolated which expressed an enzymatic activity that hydrolyzed several β-glucosides. The enzymatic activity produced by this clone could be adsorbed by rabbit antiserum raised against the Agrobacterium enzyme. The direction of transcription of the β-glucosidase gene was determined by verifying the DNA sequence 3' to the oligonucleotide probe binding site. After subcloning the gene a high level of expression was obtained in the plasmid vector pUC18 using the lacZ gene promoter. The nucleotide sequence of the 1599 bp insert in pABG5 was determined using the chain terminator method. The start of the protein coding region was determined by aligning the amino terminal sequence of the protein with the predicted amino acid sequence of the cloned gene. The open reading frame was 1387 nucleotides and contained 458 codons. The molecular weight calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence agreed with that observed from both the native and recombinant enzymes. The predicted amino acid composition from the open reading frame matched with that determined for the native β-glucosidase. The stop codon of this coding region was followed by a potential stem loop structure which may be the transcriptional terminator. There was a region of the deduced Abg sequence which had homology to a region from two other β-glucosidase sequences. This region of homology contained a putative active site by analogy with the active site of hen egg white lysozyme.
Ab initio calculations of the atomic and electronic structure of CaTiO3 (001) and (011) surfaces
Creators: name: Eglitis, R. I.
name: Vanderbilt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of calculations of surface relaxations, energetics, and bonding properties for CaTiO3 (001) and (011) surfaces using a hybrid B3PW description of exchange and correlation. We consider both CaO and TiO2 terminations of the non-polar (001) surface, and Ca, TiO and O terminations of the polar (011) surface. On the (001) surfaces, we find that all upper-layer atoms relax inwards on the CaO-terminated surface, while outward relaxations of all atoms in the second layer are found for both terminations. For the TiO2-terminated (001) surface, the largest relaxations are on the second-layer atoms. The surface rumpling is much larger for the CaO-terminated than for the TiO2-terminated (001) surface, but their surface energies are quite similar at 0.94eV and 1.13eV respectively. In contrast, different terminations of the (011) CaTiO3 surface lead to very different surface energies of 1.86eV, 1.91eV, and 3.13eV for the O-terminated, Ca-terminated, and TiO-terminated (011) surface respectively. Our results for surface energies contrast sharply with those of Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. B 76, 115426 (2007)], where the authors found a rather different pattern of surface energies. We predict a considerable increase of the Ti-O chemical bond covalency near the (011) surface as compared both to the bulk and to the (001) surface.
description: 11 pages
Efficiency Gain by Precise Printing over Selective Emitter: Results from Mass Production and Next Developments
Creators: name: Voltan, A.
name: Galiazzo, M.
name: Casarin, A.
name: Cellere, G.
name: Baccini, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 819-824
description: An efficiency gain around 0.5-0.6%abs [1] has been demonstrated to be feasible by Selective Emitter
process in c-Si wafers, mainly due to i) the improvement of the blue response of the shallow emitter ii) lower
recombination within the emitter and at the Si/SiNx:H interface and iii) the reduction of series resistance by
contacting in the highly doped area. Even if different processes are currently used for SE formation, for all of them a
precise and accurate alignment of Ag pattern over the SE pattern is mandatory to obtain a significant and stable
efficiency gain in mass production. In order to achieve this result, different hardware and software solutions have
been developed at Applied Materials based on both modification of existing technology used for double printing
(Esatto High Precision kit, HP) or on Free Carrier Absorption mechanism (Esatto High Precision Selective Emitter
kit, HPSE [2]).
In this paper main results and improvements obtained in mass production and at lab scale are reported and explained.
New solutions related to real time closed loop control and application on SE Ion Implanted wafers or on monocasting
substrates (finger alignment) are reported as new developments.
The isotopic 6Li/7Li ratio in Cen X-4 and the origin of Li in X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Casares, J.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez
name: Molaro, P.
name: Zoccali, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Cool stars, companions to compact objects, are known to show Li abundances which are high compared to field stars of the same spectral type, which are heavily Li depleted. This may be due either to Li production or Li preservation in these systems. Aims: To measure the lithium isotopic ratio in the companion star of the neutron star X-ray binary Cen X-4. Method: We use UVES spectra obtained in years 2000 and 2004 around the orbital quadratures. The spectra are analysed with spectrum synthesis techniques and the errors estimated with Monte Carlo simulations. Results: We measure A(Li)=2.87+-0.20 and 6Li/7Li = 0.12+0.08-0.05 at 68% confidence level. We also present updated system parameters with a refined determination of the orbital period and component masses i.e. 1.14+-0.45 Msun and 0.23+-0.10 Msun for the neutron star and companion, respectively. Conclusions: In our view the low level of 6Li favours Li preservation scenarios, although Li production mechanisms cannot be ruled out. In the case of preservation, no Li is freshly created in the binary, but the tidally-locked companion has preserved its original Li by some mechanism, possibly inhibited destruction due to its fast rotation.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Efficient training of physics-informed neural networks via importance sampling
Creators: name: Nabian, Mohammad Amin
name: Gladstone, Rini Jasmine
name: Meidani, Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a class of deep neural networks that are trained, using automatic differentiation, to compute the response of systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The training of PINNs is simulation-free, and does not require any training dataset to be obtained from numerical PDE solvers. Instead, it only requires the physical problem description, including the governing laws of physics, domain geometry, initial/boundary conditions, and the material properties. This training usually involves solving a non-convex optimization problem using variants of the stochastic gradient descent method, with the gradient of the loss function approximated on a batch of collocation points, selected randomly in each iteration according to a uniform distribution. Despite the success of PINNs in accurately solving a wide variety of PDEs, the method still requires improvements in terms of computational efficiency. To this end, in this paper, we study the performance of an importance sampling approach for efficient training of PINNs. Using numerical examples together with theoretical evidences, we show that in each training iteration, sampling the collocation points according to a distribution proportional to the loss function will improve the convergence behavior of the PINNs training. Additionally, we show that providing a piecewise constant approximation to the loss function for faster importance sampling can further improve the training efficiency. This importance sampling approach is straightforward and easy to implement in the existing PINN codes, and also does not introduce any new hyperparameter to calibrate. The numerical examples include elasticity, diffusion and plane stress problems, through which we numerically verify the accuracy and efficiency of the importance sampling approach compared to the predominant uniform sampling approach.
description: Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering (2021)
Laser-DSR Facility at PTB: Realization of a Next Generation High Accuracy Primary Calibration Facility
Creators: name: Winter, S.
name: Fey, T.
name: Kröger, I.
name: Friedrich, D.
name: Ladner, K.
name: Ortel, B.
name: Pendsa, S.
name: Schlüssel, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Standardisation

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3049-3051
description: A completely newly designed multi-functional flexible facility for the primary calibration of reference
solar cells and the spectral characterization of all solar cell types has been developed and built at PTB. The new
facility is based on the successfully applied Differential Spectral Responsivity (DSR) method that allows the
determination of the absolute spectral responsivity and nonlinearity of solar cells with the lowest uncertainties. By
using a tunable laser system, the new setup avoids the main problem of monochromator-based systems: the low
optical power level of the monochromatic beam. Thus it enables a significant reduction of the uncertainty for the
short circuit current under standard test conditions ISTC of large solar cells. With the shown realization of this new
concept, PTB meets the demand of the PV industry concerning a significant reduction of measurement uncertainties.
Tidally Perturbed Oblique Pulsations in the Hierarchical Triple System V1031 Orionis
Creators: name: Lee, Jae Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present TESS photometry of the triple star system V1031 Ori (AB)C, which exhibits short-period oscillations superimposed on an eclipsing light curve. The high-quality data were analyzed in detail and combined with the published spectroscopic measurements to obtain the fundamental stellar parameters of the program target. The masses and radii of the eclipsing pair (AB) were determined to about 0.5 \% and 0.7 \% precision, respectively. We found 23 significant frequencies in two ranges of $
description: 16 pages, including 4 figures and 4 tables
Comparative Study of Hit and Back Contact Back Junction Cells
Creators: name: Mangersnes, K.
name: Nawaz, M.
name: Foss, S.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1423-1428
description: We have used the Atlas device simulator within the Silvaco simulation framework to simulate high
efficiency silicon based solar cells. We have focused on two different solar cell concepts that have already be shown
to be compatible with large scale production and high efficiency; namely the Back-Contact Back-Junction (BC-BJ)
silicon solar cell and the Double Heterojunction (DHJ) silicon solar cell. For these two solar cell designs we have
investigated the device performance given different material qualities and wafer thicknesses. The performance of
both solar cell designs is closely related to the silicon material quality. A low material quality will significantly
reduce the efficiency of the cells. The effect is most pronounced for BC-BJ solar cells where the efficiency is
completely killed for low quality wafers. The wafer thickness is also important for the cell performance. Thin wafers
produce decent efficiencies even for medium quality silicon. Thicker wafers hold better potential for high
efficiencies, but are more dependent on material quality. In order to realize the high efficiency potential, the thick
wafers need to have effective minority carrier lifetimes (MCL) at the order of milliseconds.
Wave focusing and related multiple dispersion transitions in plane Poiseuille flows
Creators: name: Fraternale, Federico
name: Nastro, Gabriele
name: Tordella, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by the recent discovery of a dispersive-to-nondispersive transition for linear waves in shear flows, we accurately explored the wavenumber-Reynolds number parameter map of the plane Poiseuille flow, in the limit of least-damped waves. We have discovered the existence of regions of the map where the dispersion and propagation features vary significantly from their surroundings. These regions are nested in the dispersive, low-wavenumber part of the map. This complex dispersion scenario demonstrates the existence of linear dispersive focusing in wave envelopes evolving out of an initial, spatially localized, three-dimensional perturbation. An asymptotic wave packet's representation, based on the saddle-point method, allows to enlighten the nature of the packet's morphology, in particular the arrow-shaped structure and spatial spreading rates. A correlation is also highlighted between the regions of largest dispersive focusing and the regions which are most subject to strong nonlinear coupling in observations.
Comparison of BIPV Simulation with Monitored Data: The Case of a 35 kWp PV System in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia
Creators: name: Veldhuis, H.
name: Reinders, A.H.M.E.
name: Van Houten, F.J.A.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3971-3974
description: To gain experience with the use of grid-tied PV systems in weak grid situations on remote islands in Indonesia, an grid-tied PV system has been installed in Jayapura in Papua, Indonesia, by the beginning of 2012. The PV system is delivered with several performance tests and it will be analytically monitored. Due to some delay the monitoring data is still lacking, therefore we present an analysis of the first test measurements in this paper. In addition, a simulation of the BIPV system is carried out to predict the power output. The measurement data, based on manual
recordings of the total electricity production of each inverter of the PV system, show results in line with the simulated values. Based on a small amount of test measurements, the PR of the PV system is found to be 85%. The total electricity production between the 18th of June and the 4th of September 2012, is 8.9 MWh. On average this is 114 kWh/day, which is about 11% of the electricity consumption of the building during working days.
D7.3 - MAGNITUDE lessons learnt
Creators: name: Belhomme, Régine
name: Cauret, Lionel
name: Yang, Ying
name: Salman, Awais
name: Li, Hailong
name: Arnone, Diego
name: Mammina, Marzia
name: Seidelt, Stephan
name: Maillard, Philippe
name: Kessels, Kris
name: Gutschi, Christoph
name: Corsetti, Edoardo
name: Klyapovskiy, Sergey
name: Hastir, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Multi-energy systems
Provision of flexibility
Aggregation
Electricity, gas, heating and cooling systems
Business models
Markets and regulation
Replicability
Multi-energy data hub
Lessons learnt, recommendations, further research

description: This report is Deliverable D7.3 of the MAGNITUDE H2020 European project. It is dedicated to the capitalization of the main outcomes and lessons learnt from the project and its seven real-life case studies, as well as identified or potential barriers and recommendations. The following aspects are covered in the deliverable: provision of flexibility by multi-energy systems (MES), aggregation of MES for flexibility trading, market and regulatory perspectives, replicability of the investigated use cases, assessment of the business models of the MES operator and the aggregator, stakeholders’ roles and interactions, multi-energy data hub and interoperability layer. Finally, the remaining challenges and future work are also described in a dedicated chapter as well as recommendations for further research and development activities, and for future demonstration projects.
Monte Carlo simulation of particle interactions at high dynamic range: Advancing beyond the Googol
Creators: name: Ormel, C. W.
name: Spaans, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method which extends Monte Carlo studies to situations that require a large dynamic range in particle number. The underlying idea is that, in order to calculate the collisional evolution of a system, some particle interactions are more important than others and require more resolution, while the behavior of the less important, usually of smaller mass, particles can be considered collectively. In this approximation groups of identical particles, sharing the same mass and structural parameters, operate as one unit. The amount of grouping is determined by the zoom factor -- a free parameter that determines on which particles the computational effort is focused. Two methods for choosing the zoom factors are discussed: the `equal mass method,' in which the groups trace the mass density of the distribution, and the `distribution method,' which additionally follows fluctuations in the distribution. Both methods achieve excellent correspondence with analytic solutions to the Smoluchowski coagulation equation. The grouping method is furthermore applied to simulations involving runaway kernels, where the particle interaction rate is a strong function of particle mass, and to situations that include catastrophic fragmentation. For the runaway simulations previous predictions for the decrease of the runaway timescale with the initial number of particles ${\cal N}$ are reconfirmed, extending ${\cal N}$ to $10^{160}$. Astrophysical applications include modeling of dust coagulation, planetesimal accretion, and the dynamical evolution of stars in large globular clusters. The proposed method is a powerful tool to compute the evolution of any system where the particles interact through discrete events, with the particle properties characterized by structural parameters.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. Re-submitted to ApJ with comments of the referee included
Two-photon exchange in leptophilic dark matter scenarios
Creators: name: Garani, Raghuveer
name: Gasparotto, Federico
name: Mastrolia, Pierpaolo
name: Munch, Henrik J.
name: Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio
name: Primo, Amedeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In leptophilic scenarios, dark matter interactions with nuclei, relevant for direct detection experiments and for the capture by celestial objects, could only occur via loop-induced processes. If the mediator is a scalar or pseudo-scalar particle, which only couples to leptons, the dominant contribution to dark matter-nucleus scattering would take place via two-photon exchange with a lepton triangle loop. The corresponding diagrams have been estimated in the literature under different approximations. Here, we present new analytical calculations for one-body two-loop and two-body one-loop interactions. The two-loop form factors are presented in closed analytical form in terms of generalized polylogarithms up to weight four. In both cases, we consider the exact dependence on all the involved scales, and study the dependence on the momentum transfer. We show that some previous approximations fail to correctly predict the scattering cross section by several orders of magnitude. Moreover, we show that form factors, in the range of momentum transfer relevant for local galactic dark matter, are smaller than their value at zero momentum transfer, which is usually considered.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, 3 appendices
Characterization of Rondine® Solar Concentrators by Two Inverse Optical Methods
Creators: name: Parretta, A.
name: Antonini, A.
name: Butturi, M.
name: Zurru, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 199-204
description: The optical characterization of Rondine® photovoltaic solar concentrators is discussed by comparing
two “inverse” methods: the original inverse irradiation method and a method derived by the inverse luminescence
method operating with electroluminescent light. Both methods use lambertian sources for producing the inverse light
and can be applied to any type of solar concentrator (photovoltaic, thermodynamic). Optical simulations were applied
to two types of nonimaging photovoltaic concentrators, Rondine® Gen1 and Gen2. The simulations proved the
equivalence of the two inverse methods to get the angular distribution of the transmission efficiency function of the
concentrators, but the original inverse irradiation method proved to be more simple to configure.
Studying the Properties of Laser Annealed AlSi Alloys
Creators: name: Uruena, A.
name: Lerat, J.F.
name: Emeraud, T.
name: John, J.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Mertens, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1725-1727
description: The back surface field used in solar cells is normally done by alloying Al and Si in a belt furnace. Processes for advanced rear side passivation like, for example, aluminum oxide, require low thermal budget for crystalline silicon solar cells in order to maintain the compatibility with those layers. Lasers are good candidates for these applications. The electrical and morphological properties of an AlSi alloy formed by an excimer laser are evaluated in this work. Helped by simulations, the Al thickness range for the experiment has been chosen and the samples are irradiated at Excico, with a XeCl laser operating at 308 nm. In some of these areas (1cm x 1cm), a double shot was done repeating the fluence. SIMS measurements have been performed to quantify the Al present in the alloy. For the electrical characterization, sheet resistance values are measured before and after annealing and compared for the different pulse energies. The penetration ranges for each energy density and the sheet resistances values of the AlSi formed are reported. SEM images of the local contacts with dielectric stack show AlSi compounds
formed locally, proving the passivation layers acted as a barrier layer for alloy formation.
TELLURIUM/POROUS CARBON COMPOSITE CATHODE FOR LI-ION BATTERIES AND CARBON NANOFIBERS ANODE FOR NA/K-ION BATTERIES
Creators: name: LIU, YING
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: Energy

description: Carbon materials are often used to enhance the electronic conductivity in anodes or cathodes of Li-ion batteries (LIBs), as well as to support other active materials in high-capacity nanocomposite electrodes. A novel lithium-tellurium battery was established here using tellurium/porous carbon composite (Te/C), which was synthesized by a vacuum-liquid-infusion method. Owing to the physical confinement of Te by porous carbon matrix, the Te/C electrode is capable to deliver a high reversible volumetric capacity of 1400 mAh/cm3 for up to 1000 cycles and exhibits a good rate capability. In addition, in situ study of the electrochemically-driven sodiation and potassiation of individual bilayer carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also conducted to investigate the application of carbon based materials in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), which indicates that disordered carbon possesses great potential for sodium and potassium storage.