cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Halting SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting High-Contact Individuals
Creators: name: Manzo, Gianluca
name: van de Rijt, Arnout
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network scientists have proposed that infectious diseases involving person-to-person transmission may be effectively halted by targeting interventions at a minority of highly connected individuals. Can this strategy be effective in combating a virus partly transmitted in close-range contact, as many believe SARS-CoV-2 to be? Effectiveness critically depends on high between-person variability in the number of close-range contacts. We analyze population survey data showing that indeed the distribution of close-range contacts across individuals is characterized by a small fraction of individuals reporting very high frequencies. Strikingly, we find that the average duration of contact is mostly invariant in the number of contacts, reinforcing the criticality of hubs. We simulate a population embedded in a network with empirically observed contact frequencies. Simulations show that targeting hubs robustly improves containment.
"We don’t want immigrants because they don’t integrate ... and steal our jobs" : comparing economic and cultural influences on xenophobia in Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Creators: name: Murakami, Go
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Immigration has recently become a salient political issue in liberal democracies. Many political scientists have analyzed causes of emerging support for anti-immigrant parties, and the development of immigration control in Europe. Compared to the analysis of voting behavior and policy analysis, however, public opinion concerning immigration has not been fully examined in political science literature. Thus this study systematically the public opposition to immigration in opinion surveys by applying the theory of prejudice, theory of perceived threat to group position, social identity theory and contact theory. The analysis uses the election studies of Canada, Australia and New Zealand in varied years, which are merged with census data to examine contextual effects. The broad research question is who opposes immigration, why they oppose and under what conditions they are more likely to do so. The focus of the analysis in this thesis is on comparing the influences of economic and cultural factors. A brief review of the history of accepting immigrants in three countries reveals that both factors have significantly influenced the development of immigration policy. Although economic situation strongly influences the level of public’s opposition to immigration over time, the analysis of five election studies of three countries repeatedly shows that cultural concerns increase individuals’ probability of opposition more strongly than economic concerns. The analysis also finds that the local economic situation does not stably influence opposition to immigration, even if where immigrants are geographically concentrated. On the contrary, local economic situation increases the likelihood of opposition to immigration only where immigrants are not concentrated. Geographic concentration of immigrants does not have an interaction effect with economic concerns, but it magnifies the influence of one’s cultural concerns on opposition to immigration during the economic downturn. Accordingly, the examination of interactions effects reveals that even when contextual factors influence opposition to immigration, they interact with cultural concerns. Thus cultural concerns should be paid more attention for the politics of immigration for future research.
Geographical Coarsegraining of Complex Networks
Creators: name: Kim, Beom Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We perform the renormalization-group-like numerical analysis of geographically embedded complex networks on the two-dimensional square lattice. At each step of coarsegraining procedure, the four vertices on each $2 \times 2$ square box are merged to a single vertex, resulting in the coarsegrained system of the smaller sizes. Repetition of the process leads to the observation that the coarsegraining procedure does not alter the qualitative characteristics of the original scale-free network, which opens the possibility of subtracting a smaller network from the original network without destroying the important structural properties. The implication of the result is also suggested in the context of the recent study of the human brain functional network.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
POSTAWY PRZEDSIĘBIORCZE MŁODZIEŻY Z RÓŻNYCH ŚRODOWISK
Creators: name: Gołąb, Sylwia
name: Gołąb, Sylwia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: entrepreneurship
subject: youth
subject: enterprising attitudes

description: The paper presents selected results of the study on the preparedness of students to start their own business. It also shows concerns related to conducting business, as well as factors that would make future graduates to undertake such activities. It is therefore necessary to dissemination by schools and colleges, but also workshops and non-governmental institutions, knowledge of entrepreneurship.
WPŁYW CZYNNIKÓW WARUNKUJĄCYCH JAKOŚĆ NA PODEJMOWANIE DECYZJI NABYWCZYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE PRODUKTÓW MIĘSNYCH
Creators: name: Grębowiec, Mariusz
name: Grębowiec, Mariusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: quality
subject: meat
subject: cured meat
subject: consumer
subject: market

description: The paper discusses the concept of quality and the factors that compose it. It takes into account the role of the consumer in the formation of the product quality. It presents the basic quality assurance systems used in food production. There have been presented purchasing decision-making process and its implications. There have been described the situation on the market of meat and cured meat in Poland and the legal requirements for the production of food of animal origin. It presents the results of their survey, comparing them with the available data.
Double Occupancy Errors in Quantum Computing Operations: Corrections to Adiabaticity
Creators: name: Requist, Ryan
name: Schliemann, John
name: Abanov, Alexander G.
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the corrections to adiabatic dynamics of two coupled quantum dot spin-qubits, each dot singly occupied with an electron, in the context of a quantum computing operation. Tunneling causes double occupancy at the conclusion of an operation and constitutes a processing error. We model the gate operation with an effective two-level system, where non-adiabatic transitions correspond to double occupancy. The model is integrable and possesses three independent parameters. We confirm the accuracy of Dykhne's formula, a nonperturbative estimate of transitions, and discuss physically intuitive conditions for its validity. Our semiclassical results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of the exact time evolution. A similar approach applies to two-level systems in different contexts.
Tidal effects in Schwarzschild black hole in holographic massive gravity
Creators: name: Hong, Soon-Tae
name: Kim, Yong-Wan
name: Park, Young-Jai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate tidal effects produced in the spacetime of Schwarzschild black hole in holographic massive gravity, which has two additional mass parameters due to massive gravitons. As a result, we have obtained that massive gravitons affect the angular component of the tidal force, while the radial component has the same form with the one in massless gravity. On the other hand, by solving the geodesic deviation equations, we have found that radial components of two nearby geodesics keep tightening while falling into the black hole and after passing the event horizons get abruptly infinitely stretched due to massive gravitons. However, angular components of two nearby geodesics get stretched firstly, reach a peak and then get compressed while falling into the black hole. Moreover, we have also shown that the angular components are more easily deformed near the departure position as the mass of a black hole is smaller for a fixed graviton mass.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, version to appear in PLB
CENY ZIEMI ROLNEJ A POZIOM DOPŁAT BEZPOŚREDNICH W POLSCE
Creators: name: Grontkowska, Anna
name: Grontkowska, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: total subsidies
subject: provinces
subject: land price

description: The aim of this paper is to present the changes in the level of prices of land in years 1999-2013 in Poland by province and the level of farm of subsidies in the years 2004-2013. The data used in the study came from the Local Data Bank Polish statistical office (GUS). The results of the study shows prices of land in the years 1999-2013 increased several times. The increase was observed clearly differentiated in geographical terms. The strongest increase of land prices occurred in the Wielkopolska province, and the lowest change in the land prices was in Podkarpackie region. Direct payments to a small extent contributed to the increase in land prices, which is due to the persistence of a similar level relationship between the size of subsidies and land prices in the analyzed period. The total quantitative amount of subsidies (wheat, milk) was more favorable than in terms of value.
KONCENTRACJA DOPŁAT BEZPOŚREDNICH W KRAJACH ŚRODKOWEJ I WSCHODNIEJ EUROPY W 2012 ROKU
Creators: name: Jankowska, Anna
name: Jankowska, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: direct payments
subject: the countries of central and eastern Europe
subject: Lorenz concentration ratio

description: The aim of the study was to compare the structure of direct payments in the CEE countries including the degree of beneficiaries and direct payments concentration in the individual intervals of obtained subsidies. We compared the level of direct payments concentration in these countries, by calculating the Lorenz concentration ratio. Analysis of the size of obtaining of this form of the EU support indicates that other role such measures can play in countries where much of it and in the lower limits of quota goes up to nearly 100% of the beneficiaries, and other in countries where a high proportion, but in higher quota ranges receives a small percentage of farmers. The most favorable structure of direct payments occurred in Slovakia and Bulgaria. The biggest fragmentation of direct payments absorption structure, which is the result of continued still a very large number of small farms, was recorded in Poland and Slovenia.
Additional file 3 of Genetic diversity and population structure of Tenacibaculum maritimum, a serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish: from genome comparisons to high throughput MALDI-TOF typing
Creators: name: Bridel, Sébastien
name: Bourgeon, Frédéric
name: Marie, Arnaud
name: Saulnier, Denis
name: Pasek, Sophie
name: Nicolas, Pierre
name: Jean-François Bernardet
name: Duchaud, Eric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Parsimony based phylogenetic tree. The tree is based on the alignment made by Snippy. It is reconstructed using the parsimony method as implemented in dnapars (Phylip package v3.6). The bootstrap support of each branch is computed from 100 bootstrap replicates. The three clades designated A, B, and C are labeled and delineated by vertical bars.
Casimir energy and topological mass for a massive scalar field with Lorentz violation
Creators: name: Cruz, M. B.
name: de Mello, E. R. Bezerra
name: Mota, H. F. Santana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Lorentz symmetry violation aether-type theoretical model is considered to investigate the Casimir effect and the generation of topological mass associated with a self-interacting massive scalar fields obeying Dirichlet, Newman and mixed boundary conditions on two large and parallel plates. By adopting the path integral approach we found the effective potential at one- and two-loop corrections which provides both the energy density and topological mass when taken in the ground state of the scalar field. We then analyse how these quantities are affected by the Lorentz symmetry violation and compare the results with previous ones found in literature.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Fragile topology and flat-band superconductivity in the strong-coupling regime
Creators: name: Peri, Valerio
name: Song, Zhida
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Huber, Sebastian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In flat bands, superconductivity can lead to surprising transport effects. The superfluid "mobility", in the form of the superfluid weight $D_s$, does not draw from the curvature of the band but has a purely band-geometric origin. In a mean-field description, a non-zero Chern number or fragile topology sets a lower bound for $D_s$, which, via the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless mechanism, might explain the relatively high superconducting transition temperature measured in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG). For fragile topology, relevant for the bilayer system, the fate of this bound for finite temperature and beyond the mean-field approximation remained, however, unclear. Here, we use numerically exact Monte Carlo simulations to study an attractive Hubbard model in flat bands with topological properties akin to those of MATBG. We find a superconducting phase transition with a critical temperature that scales linearly with the interaction strength. We then investigate the robustness of the superconducting state to the addition of trivial bands that may or may not trivialize the fragile topology. Our results substantiate the validity of the topological bound beyond the mean-field regime and further stress the importance of fragile topology for flat-band superconductivity.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures + supplemental material (14 pages, 4 figures)
Re-analysis of the Gamow-Teller distributions for N=Z nuclei, 24Mg, 28Si, and 32S
Creators: name: Nabi, Jameel-Un
name: Kabir, Abdul
name: Bayram, Tuncay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distributions of sd shell N=Z nuclei ($^{24}$Mg, $^{28}$Si, and $^{32}$S) are investigated within the framework of proton-neutron quasi particle random phase approximation (pn QRPA) using a deformed basis. The nuclear properties of these special nuclei were investigated by the Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) model. The RMF framework with density-dependent interactions (DD-PC1 and DD-ME2) was employed to compute ground-state deformation parameters (beta 2) using potential energy curves. The $β_2$ values computed from the RMF and the finite range droplet model (FRDM) were employed as a free parameter in the pn QRPA calculation to investigate the resulting GT strength distributions.The present model-based analyses compare well with the observed data.
description: 14 pages 1 table 4 figures
A global method to identify trees outside of closed-canopy forests with medium-resolution satellite imagery
Creators: name: Brandt, John
name: Stolle, Fred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Scattered trees outside of dense, closed-canopy forests are very important for carbon sequestration, supporting livelihoods, maintaining ecosystem integrity, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. In contrast to trees inside of closed-canopy forests, not much is known about the spatial extent and distribution of scattered trees at a global scale. Due to the cost of high-resolution satellite imagery, global monitoring systems rely on medium-resolution satellites to monitor land use. Here we present a globally consistent method to identify trees with canopy diameters greater than three meters with medium-resolution optical and radar imagery. Biweekly cloud-free, pan-sharpened 10 meter Sentinel-2 optical imagery and Sentinel-1 radar imagery are used to train a fully convolutional network, consisting of a convolutional gated recurrent unit layer and a feature pyramid attention layer. Tested across more than 215,000 Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 pixels distributed from -60 to +60 latitude, the proposed model exceeds 75% user's and producer's accuracy identifying trees in hectares with a low to medium density (less than 40%) of tree cover, and 95% user's and producer's accuracy in hectares with dense (greater than 40%) tree cover. The proposed method increases the accuracy of monitoring tree presence in areas with sparse and scattered tree cover (less than 40%) by as much as 20%, and reduces commission and omission error in mountainous and very cloudy regions by nearly half. When applied across large, heterogeneous landscapes, the results demonstrate potential to map trees in high detail and accuracy over diverse landscapes across the globe. This information is important for understanding current land cover and can be used to detect changes in land cover such as agroforestry, buffer zones around biological hotspots, and expansion or encroachment of forests.
8355: Harold John Steff
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Harold served in the army and fought at Passchendaele but was injured at the Battle of Cambrai whilst rescuing some of his friends, and this allowed him to be sent home where he stayed for the remainder of the war. His military records where lost in a fire so some information has been lost. He served in Suffolk regiment but was in a different regiment before this and after the war worked at Vauxhall cars. Apparently he was issued with an illustrated book about grenades - how to make them and how to throw them.
Flavored exotic multibaryons and hypernuclei in topological soliton models
Creators: name: Kopeliovich, V. B.
name: Shunderuk, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energies of baryon states with positive strangeness, or anti-charm (-beauty) are estimated in chiral soliton approach, in the "rigid oscillator" version of the bound state soliton model proposed by Klebanov and Westerberg. Positive strangeness states can appear as relatively narrow nuclear levels (Theta-hypernuclei), the states with heavy anti-flavors can be bound with respect to strong interactions in the original Skyrme variant of the model (SK4 variant). The binding energies of anti-flavored states are estimated also in the variant of the model with 6-th order term in chiral derivatives in the lagrangian as solitons stabilizer (SK6 variant). The latter variant is less attractive, and nuclear states with anti-charm or anti-beauty can be unstable relative to strong interactions. The chances to get bound hypernuclei with heavy antiflavors are greater within "nuclear variant" of the model with rescaled model parameter (Skyrme constant e or e' decreased by ~30%) which is expected to be valid for baryon numbers greater than B ~10. The rational map approximation is used to describe multiskyrmions with baryon number up to ~30 and to calculate the quantities necessary for their quantization (moments of inertia, sigma-term, etc.).
description: 24 pages, 7 tables
Theoretical and Methodological Framework for Measuring the Robustness of Social Institutions in Education and Training
Creators: name: Renold, Ursula
name: Rageth, Ladina
name: Caves, Katherine Marie
name: Bürgi, Jutta
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019
Subjects: Social Institutions
Vocational Education and Training (VET)
new institutional

description: KOF Working Papers, 461
title: Teacher educators in higher education: a study of their practice and contribution during school placement visits
Creators: name: Amos, Sandra J.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: The Post-Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE), offered by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in partnership with schools, is an established route into teaching. Typically pre-service teachers (PSTs) are supported by an HEI-based subject tutor who visits during school placements. An interpretivist, qualitative approach was taken to investigate the practices and knowledge tutors used during visits, and the PSTs’ perceptions of how they benefited. Six science tutors working in different HEIs were accompanied on their visits to one PST throughout a one-year PGCE course. Audio recordings and field notes supported in-depth interviews that were used to construct tutors’ practice. The PSTs’ perspectives were elicited through semi-structured interviews. Through a thematic template analysis of the interview data three main dimensions to tutors’ knowledge and practice were identified: support, development and management. The findings revealed that tutors’ knowledge of PST development, combined with their external perspective, leaves them well-positioned to play an important role in initial teacher education. Whilst PSTs’ characteristics and school context contributed to variation in outcomes, it was the tutors’ underlying aims, view of PST development and the extent to which their practice was PST-centred that were most significant. Tutors’ management practices indicated that separatist or HEI–led views of partnership dominated. Although the intention was to support, when PSTs were left to make sense of the conflicting advice of teachers and tutors they rejected both, opting to rely on their existing beliefs about teaching. School and HEI partners must work collaboratively with PSTs if the contribution of each is not to be undermined by the other and PSTs are to understand the value of each. This would be enhanced if the rationale behind tutors’ practice was shared and their expertise made explicit. In addition, tutors need to know the PST’s expectations and beliefs and have regard for these.
Supplementary Material for "Adaptation of sperm whales to open-boat whalers: rapid social learning on a large scale?"
Creators: name: Whitehead, Hal
name: Smith, Tim D.
name: Rendell, Luke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: This file includes: detailed methods; the results of analyses using different definitions of regions and parameter values; and a catalogue of the other supplementary files (Excel and MATLAB files of data and programming code)
Intensional Datatype Refinement
Creators: name: Jones, Eddie
name: Ramsay, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1

description: The pattern-match safety problem is to verify that a given functional program will never crash due to non-exhaustive patterns in its function definitions. We present a refinement type system that can be used to solve this problem. The system extends ML-style type systems with algebraic datatypes by a limited form of structural subtyping and environment-level intersection. We describe a fully automatic, sound and complete type inference procedure for this system which, under reasonable assumptions, is worst-case linear-time in the program size. Compositionality is essential to obtaining this complexity guarantee. A prototype implementation for Haskell is able to analyse a selection of packages from the Hackage database in a few hundred milliseconds.
description: 26 pages plus bibliography and appendices. Tool available from https://github.com/bristolpl/intensional-datatys. [v2] fixed accidental unicode-related formatting issues in bibliography. [v3] Improvements incorporated, thanks to POPL 2021 reviewers
Strong Gravitational Lensing with SKA
Creators: name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: Browne, I. W. A.
name: Jackson, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of new observational facilities in the last two decades has allowed the rapid discovery and high-resolution optical imaging of many strong lens systems from galaxy to cluster scales, as well as their spectroscopic follow-up. Radio telescopes have played the dominant role in the systematic detection of dozens of new arcsec-scale lens systems. For the future, we expect nothing less! The next major ground- and space-based facilities, especially the Square Kilometer Array can discover tens of thousands of new lens systems in large sky surveys. For optical imaging and spectroscopic follow-up a strong synergy with planned optical facilities is needed. Here, we discuss the field where strong gravitational lensing is expected to play the dominant role and where SKA can have a major impact: The study of the internal mass structure and evolution of galaxies and clusters to z~1. In addition, studies of more exotic phenomena are contemplated. For example, milli- and microlensing can provide a way to measure the mass-functions of stars and CDM substructure at cosmological distances. All-sky radio monitoring will also rapidly develop the field of time-domain lensing.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; to appear in "Science with the Square Kilometer Array," eds. C. Carilli and S. Rawlings, New Astronomy Reviews (Elsevier: Amsterdam)
SETI in 2022
Creators: name: Wright, Jason T.
name: Huston, Macy
name: Groenendaal, Aidan
name: Nichol, Lennon
name: Tusay, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this third installment of SETI in 20xx, we very briefly and subjectively review developments in SETI in 2022. Our primary focus is 80 papers and books published or made public in 2022, which we sort into six broad categories: results from actual searches, new search methods and instrumentation, target and frequency selection, the development of technosignatures, theory of ETIs, and social aspects of SETI.
description: Accepted to Acta Astronautica. 11pp, 1 figure
Bulk first-order phase transition in three-flavor lattice QCD with $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermion action at zero temperature
Creators: name: JLQCD Collaboration
name: Aoki, S.
name: Fukugita, M.
name: Hashimoto, S.
name: Ishikawa, K-I.
name: Ishizuka, N.
name: Iwasaki, Y.
name: Kanaya, K.
name: Kaneko, T.
name: Kuramashi, Y.
name: Okawa, M.
name: Tsutsui, N.
name: Ukawa, A.
name: Yamada, N.
name: Yoshié, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-flavor QCD simulation with the $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermion action is made employing an exact fermion algorithm developed for odd number of quark flavors. For the plaquette gauge action, an unexpected first-order phase transition is found in the strong coupling regime ($β\lesssim$ 5.0) at relatively heavy quark masses ($m_{\mathrm{PS}}/m_{\mathrm{V}}\sim$ 0.74--0.87). Strong metastability persists on a large lattice of size $12^3\times 32$, which indicates that the transition has a bulk nature. The phase gap becomes smaller toward weaker couplings and vanishes at $β\simeq 5.0$, which corresponds to a lattice spacing $a\simeq$ 0.1 fm. The phase transition is not found if the improved gauge actions are employed. Our results imply that realistic simulations of QCD with three flavors of dynamical Wilson-type fermions at lattice spacings in the range $a=$ 0.1--0.2 fm require use of improved gauge actions. Possible origins of the phase transition is discussed.
description: REVTeX4, 9 pages, 11 figures
Paths to a waste-free society? : extended producer responsibility policies in British Columbia and Ontario
Creators: name: Meadu, Vanessa Natalie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has emerged as a policy instrument for dealing with product waste by forcing manufacturers to take responsibility for these materials. It is, in effect, a market mechanism for reducing waste and encouraging more environmentally-adapted design while also shifting the burden of paying for waste off of governments and taxpayers and onto producers and consumers. This paper asks why EPR has become so broadly implemented in British Columbia, while in Ontario, the role of industry in waste management has thus far been limited to funding 50% of municipal curbside recycling (blue box) costs. The research finds that we can only make sense of current policy in light of historical decisions and debates. By conceiving waste management policies as an institution, the thesis employs a path dependent analysis to reveal how each province has followed on its particular path because the costs, both political and financial, of switching to another alternative have increased dramatically over time. The analysis traces current EPR policies back to early decisions in each jurisdiction regarding beverage container waste. BC’s decision in 1970 to establish a return-to-retail system, and Ontario’s decision in 1987 to mandate municipal curbside recycling were key moments that set the jurisdictions on divergent paths. Although the initial decisions were a product of interest-based politics, the subsequent course of product stewardship in each province has been held in place by a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include different constructions of stewardship, technological and infrastructural reliance, new supporting interests from policy beneficiaries, and the use of multistakeholder consultations in Ontario. All of these mechanisms have contributed to a strong status-quo bias. As a result, British Columbia has been able to build and expand upon past successful stewardship policies, while Ontario has focussed predominantly on the shared-cost blue box as a catch-all solution for waste diversion, thus precluding stronger stewardship regulations. The thesis concludes that British Columbia is better positioned to stimulate the behavioural changes needed to minimize and potentially eliminate waste. Ontario faces numerous institutional barriers, but exogenous forces may help shift the path’s direction.
Surface stresses on a thin shell surrounding a traversable wormhole
Creators: name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We match an interior solution of a spherically symmetric traversable wormhole to a unique exterior vacuum solution, with a generic cosmological constant, at a junction interface, and the surface stresses on the thin shell are deduced. In the spirit of minimizing the usage of exotic matter we determine regions in which the weak and null energy conditions are satisfied on the junction surface. The characteristics and several physical properties of the surface stresses are explored, namely, regions where the sign of the tangential surface pressure is positive and negative (surface tension) are determined. This is done by expressing the tangential surface pressure as a function of several parameters, namely, that of the matching radius, the redshift parameter, the surface energy density and of the generic cosmological constant. An equation governing the behavior of the radial pressure across the junction surface is also deduced.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, LaTeX2e, IOP style files. Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity. V2: Four references added, now 25 pages
Classification of KPZQ and BDP models by multiaffine analysis
Creators: name: Katsuragi, Hiroaki
name: Honjo, Haruo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue differences between the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang with Quenched disorder (KPZQ) and the Ballistic Deposition with Power-law noise (BDP) models, using the multiaffine analysis method. The KPZQ and the BDP models show mono-affinity and multiaffinity, respectively. This difference results from the different distribution types of neighbor-height differences in growth paths. Exponential and power-law distributions are observed in the KPZQ and the BDP, respectively. In addition, we point out the difference of profiles directly, i.e., although the surface profiles of both models and the growth path of the BDP model are rough, the growth path of the KPZQ model is smooth.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
The composite X-ray spectrum of 3CRR Quasars
Creators: name: Zhou, Minhua
name: Gu, Minfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reason for the difference in the composite X-ray spectrum between radio-loud quasars (RLQs) and radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) is still unclear. To study this difference, we built a new composite X-ray spectrum of RLQs by using Chandra X-ray data and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) optical data for the sample of 3CRR quasars. We find the X-ray spectra of all 3CRR quasars except for 3C 351 have no soft X-ray excess and can be fitted with an absorbed power-law model well. Our composite X-ray spectrum is similar to that of \cite{ShangEtal2011apjs} for RLQs, showing higher hard X-ray and lower soft X-ray flux than the composite X-ray spectrum of RQQs. Most blazar-like 3CRR quasars have higher X-ray flux than the median composite X-ray spectrum, which could be related to the contribution of beamed jet emission at X-ray band. From the literature, we find that nineteen 3CRR quasars have extended X-ray emission related to radio jets, indicating inevitable contribution of jets at X-ray band. In contrast to RQQs, the X-ray photon index of 3CRR quasars does not correlate with the Eddington ratio. Our results suggest that the jet emission at X-ray band in RLQs could be related with the difference of composite X-ray spectrum between RLQs and RQQs.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, Accepted by ApJ
On Hubbard-Stratonovich Transformations over Hyperbolic Domains
Creators: name: Fyodorov, Yan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss and prove validity of the Hubbard-Stratonovich (HS) identities over hyperbolic domains which are used frequently in the studies on disordered systems and random matrices. We also introduce a counterpart of the HS identity arising in disordered systems with "chiral" symmetry. Apart from this we outline a way of deriving the nonlinear $σ$-model from the gauge-invariant Wegner $k-$orbital model avoiding the use of the HS transformations.
description: More accurate proofs are given; a few misprints are corrected; a misleading reference and a footnote in the end of section 2.2 are removed
OʻZBEKISTONDA "YASHIL IQTISODIYOT"NI RIVOJLANTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI VA YOʻLLARI
Creators: name: Xojiev, Jaxongir
name: Normurodov, Hakimjon
name: Zayniddinov, Nurbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekistonda “yashil iqtisodiyot”ni rivojlantirishning asosiy yoʻllari va istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. “Yashil iqtisodiyot” ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishni ekologik barqarorlik bilan uygʻunlashtiruvchi model sifatida qaraladi. Mamlakatda qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalaridan foydalanish, energiya tejamkorligini oshirish, chiqindilarni qayta ishlash va ekologik toza texnologiyalarni joriy etish kabi yoʻnalishlarda olib borilayotgan islohotlar yoritilgan. Oʻzbekistonning tabiiy resurslari va xalqaro moliyaviy institutlarning yordamiga tayanib, yashil iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish istiqbollari katta ekanligi taʼkidlanadi. Mazkur maqola mamlakatning iqtisodiy va ekologik barqarorligini oshirishda “yashil iqtisodiyot”ning muhim rolini ochib beradi.
Gravitational production of vector dark matter
Creators: name: Ahmed, Aqeel
name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Socha, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of vector dark matter that communicates with the Standard Model only through gravitational interactions has been investigated. It has been shown in detail how does the canonical quantization of the vector field in varying FLRW geometry implies a tachyonic enhancement of some of its momentum modes. Approximate solutions of the mode equation have been found and verified against exact numerical ones. De Sitter geometry has been assumed during inflation while after inflation a non-standard cosmological era of reheating with a generic equation of state has been adopted which is followed by the radiation-dominated universe. It has been shown that the spectrum of dark vectors produced gravitationally is centered around a characteristic comoving momentum $k_\star$ that is determined in terms of the mass of the vector $m_X$, the Hubble parameter during inflation $H_{\rm I}$, the equation of state parameter $w$ and the efficiency of reheating $γ$. Regions in the parameter space consistent with the observed dark matter relic abundance have been determined, justifying the gravitational production as a viable mechanism for vector dark matter. The results obtained in this paper are applicable within various possible models of inflation/reheating with non-standard cosmology parametrized effectively by the corresponding equation of state and efficiency of reheating.
description: 33 pages and 9 figures; v2: matches the version to appear in JHEP
Quantitative Easing in the Euro area and SMEs Access to Finance: Who Benefits the Most?
Creators: name: Funk, Anne Kathrin
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019
Subjects: Unconventional monetary policy, credit channel, bank lending, ECB, SME

description: After the global financial crisis and during the European sovereign debt crisis, bank lending to companies in the euro area slowed down dramatically, bringing the economy close to a credit crunch. It was only after the start of the European Central Bank (ECB) quantitative easing programme in early 2015 that bank lending improved sustainably. This study analyses the impact of the ECB's Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) on the access to finance of small- and medium-sized enterprises using firm-level data of the Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises and a fixed effects model. The analysis comprises several measures of financial access, such as credit availability, financial constraints, and interest rates. The micro-level nature of the data allows me to distinguish between aggregate and heterogeneous effects across firm size, age, sector, and country. The ECB's government bond purchases improved financial access on the aggregate euro area level and particularly in the periphery of the euro area. Hence, countries that need the most stimulus benefit the most from the PSPP
GPS radio occultation with GRACE: Atmospheric profiling utilizing the zero difference technique
Creators: name: Beyerle, G.
name: Schmidt, T.
name: Michalak, G.
name: Heise, S.
name: Wickert, J.
name: Reigber, Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio occultation events recorded on 28-29 July 2004 by a GPS receiver aboard the GRACE-B satellite are analyzed. The stability of the receiver clock allows for the derivation of excess phase profiles using a zero difference technique, rendering the calibration procedure with concurrent observations of a reference GPS satellite obsolete. 101 refractivity profiles obtained by zero differencing and 96 profiles calculated with an improved single difference method are compared with co-located ECMWF meteorological analyses. Good agreement is found at altitudes between 5 and 30 km with an average fractional refractivity deviation below 1% and a standard deviation of 2-3%. Results from end-to-end simulations are consistent with these observations.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Discontinuous transitions of social distancing in SIR model
Creators: name: Arazi, R.
name: Feigel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: To describe the dynamics of social distancing during pandemics, we follow previous efforts to combine basic epidemiology models (e.g. SIR - Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered) with game and economy theory tools. We present an extension of the SIR model that predicts a series of discontinuous transitions in social distancing. Each transition resembles a phase transition of the second-order (Ginzburg-Landau instability) and, therefore, potentially a general phenomenon. The first wave of COVID-19 led to social distancing around the globe: severe lockdowns to stop the pandemic were followed by a series of lockdown lifts. Data analysis of the first wave in Austria, Israel, and Germany corroborates the soundness of the model. Furthermore, this work presents analytical tools to analyze pandemic waves, which may be extended to calculate derivatives of giant components in network percolation transitions and may also be of interest in the context of crisis formation theories.
description: version 2, 3 figures added, introduction/model explanation are extended, no change of results
8353: Royal Medical Corps in Mesopotamia
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Edgar Charles Smith was a member of the Royal Army Medical Corps serving in Mesopotamia. He never spoke about his experience and military records caught fire so the army no. and parts of the story have been lost. Enrolled 03.04.1915 and was demobilised 06.10.1919. He worked for the railway for many years.Large collection of photographs which Edgar took, of which quite a lot were recreational. Photographs of regiment and field hospital. Whilst on active service Edgar created an embroidery which Neil hopes to upload himself.
Inception of a first quasar at cosmic dawn
Creators: name: Latif, Muhammad A.
name: Khochfar, Sadegh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earliest quasars at the cosmic dawn are powered by mass accretion onto supermassive black holes of a billion solar masses. Massive black hole seeds forming through the direct collapse mechanism are considered the most promising candidates but how do they grow and co-evolve with their host galaxies at early cosmic times remains unknown. We here present results from a cosmological radiation hydrodynamical simulation including self-consistent modeling of both Pop III and Pop II star formation, their radiative and supernova feedback in the host galaxy along with X-ray feedback from an accreting massive black hole (MBH) of $\rm 10^5 ~M_{\odot}$ in a halo of $\rm 2 \times 10^9~M_{\odot}$ from $z=26$ down to $z=16$. Our results show that energy deposition from X-rays in the proximity of MBH suppresses Pop III star formation for about 12 Myr while at the same time these X-rays catalyze $\rm H_2$ formation which leads to the formation of a Pop III star cluster of 500 $\rm M_{\odot}$ in the close vicinity of the MBH. We find that mode of star formation for Pop III is episodic and bursty due to the clumpy accretion while for Pop II it is continuous. The stellar mass of the host galaxy at $z \sim 16$ is $\rm 2 \times 10^7~M_{\odot}$ with a star formation rate (SFR) of $\rm \sim 0.1-1~M_{\odot}/yr$. In total, the MBH accretes $\rm 1.5 \times 10^6~M_{\odot}$ during 120 Myr with the mean accretion rate of $\rm \sim 0.01~M_{\odot}/yr$ corresponding to an average Eddington fraction of 50\%.
description: To be published in MNRAS, comments welcome
Stochastic dynamic simulations of fast remagnetization processes: recent advances and applications
Creators: name: Berkov, Dmitri V.
name: Gorn, Natalia L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of fast remagnetization processes using the stochastic dynamics are widely used to study various magnetic systems. In this paper we first address several crucial methodological problems of such simulations: (i) the influence of the finite-element discretization on the simulated dynamics, (ii) choice between Ito and Stratonovich stochastic calculi by the solution of micromagnetic stochastic equations of motion and (iii) non-trivial correlation properties of the random (thermal) field. Next we discuss several examples to demonstrate the great potential of the Langevin dynamics for studying fast remagnetization processes in technically relevant applications: we present numerical analysis of equilibrium magnon spectra in patterned structures, study thermal noise effects on the magnetization dynamics of nanoelements in pulsed fields and show some results for a remagnetization dynamics induced by a spin-polarized current.
description: Invited paper submittedto JEMS'04 (Dresden, Germany)