Tortricidae
Creators: name: Pohl, Greg
name: Anweiler, Gary
name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Kondla, Norbert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae

description: <i>37. Tortricidae – tortricid moths</i> A diverse family of moths with stout, often down-turned palps, an unscaled proboscis, and broad wings. Most adults are crepuscular or nocturnal. Larvae are leafrollers or leaftiers, or bore in stems, bark, seeds, and fruit. Th is is a large, diverse group with many pest species. Despite the economic importance of the tortricids, their taxonomy is not well known. A world catalog was published recently (Brown 2005), but the higher taxonomy of the group is not settled. Th e list here follows the scheme presented by Razowski (2008), who provided an excellent morphological overview. Adults of some groups are extremely variable, often with more external variation between color morphs of a species than exists between species. Identification often requires genitalic dissection. Approximately 6000 species of tortricids are known worldwide; 1289 species are known in North America, of which 382 are reported from AB. <i>37.1. Tortricinae</i> Mostly small, but ranging from minute to medium-sized (8–35 mm wingspan) moths with the characteristics of the family, as described above. The antennae have two rings of scales per antennal segment (except in the tribe Sparganothidini). The forewings are generally more broad basally than is the case for other tortricids. Some members of the tribe Archipini (bell moths) have sinuate forewings and are bell shaped when at rest. Larvae of most species are leafrollers; those of the Cochylini are seed, flower, and stem borers, and a few of the Euliini are litter feeders. A few species of the Archipini feed colonially inside large webbed nests. Many species are serious pests of crops and trees, including the Oblique-banded Leafroller (<i>Choristoneura rosaceana</i>), the Spruce Budworm and related species (the <i>Choristoneura fumiferana</i> complex), the Large Aspen Tortrix (<i>Choristoneura conflictana</i>), and the Omnivorous Leafroller (<i>Archips purpurana</i>). The Tortricinae, as it is presently delineated, is probably a paraphyletic group. It includes the Cochylini, which until recently was considered a separate family. At present approximately 2650 species of Tortricinae are known worldwide. Four hundred and twenty-four species are known from North America, 126 of which are reported in AB. Taxonomic knowledge of the Tortricinae is variable. Razowski (2002) provided information on many Holarctic and introduced species. Almost all of the Tortricini were covered by Razowski (1966); a few species were illustrated better by Obraztsov (1963) and Razowski (2008). Th e North American Cochylini are not covered very well by modern published literature, although some species were treated by Razowski (1984, 1991, 1997) and Sabourin et al. (2002). A major revision of the group, by E. Metzler and J. Brown, is currently under way. Th e Cnephasiini have been covered as follows: <i>Eana</i> (Obraztsov 1962a), <i>Cnephasia</i> (Mutuura 1982a), and <i>Decodes</i> (Powell 1980). The Archipini have been treated as a group by Freeman (1958). The genera <i>Aphelia</i> (Obraztsov 1959), <i>Archepandemis</i> (Mutuura 1978), <i>Argyrotaenia</i> (Powell 1960; Obraztsov 1961), <i>Choristoneura</i> (Dang 1985, 1992), <i>Lozotaenia</i> (Powell 1962b), and <i>Clepsis</i> (Razowski 1979a, 1979b) have all been treated more recently. Th e Sparganothidini are poorly known, although some groups within this tribe have been covered by Powell (1985, 1986). Most of the Euliini have been treated by Brown and Powell (1991, 2000) and Razowski and Becker (2000). In an unpublished thesis, Lambert (1950) treated many species, but some species concepts have changed since then. Although theirs was not a thorough systematic treatment, Pogue and Lavigne (1981) provided useful illustrations and biological information on many species of Tortricinae.
description: Published as part of <i>Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian &amp; Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38)</i> on pages 95-96, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629
description: {"references": ["Brown JW (2005) World catalog of insects, Vol. 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 741 pp.", "Razowski J (2008) Tortricidae of the Palaearctic region, Vol. 1. Tortricini and general part. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava, Slovakia, 152 pp.", "Razowski J (2002) Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1. Tortricidae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava, Slovakia, 247 pp.", "Razowski J (1966) World fauna of the Tortricini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow, 576 pp. + plates.", "Obraztsov NS (1963) Some North American moths of the genus Acleris (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 114: 213 - 270.", "Razowski J (1984) Revision of Henricus Busck and description of Parirazona gen. n. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27: 235 - 244.", "Razowski J (1991) Notes on cochyline genus Phtheochroa Stephens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with descriptions of new American species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 34: 163 - 87.", "Razowski J (1997) Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Canada. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 40: 107 - 163.", "Sabourin M, Miller WE, Metzler EH, Vargo JT (2002) Revised identities and new species of Aethes from midwestern North America (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 56: 216 - 233.", "Obraztsov NS (1962 a) North American species of the genus Eana, with a general review of the genus, and descriptions of two new species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 16: 175 - 192.", "Mutuura A (1982 a) Cnephasia stephensiana, a species newly recorded from Canada and compared with the previously recorded C. interjectana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 114: 667 - 671.", "Powell JA (1980) A synopsis of Decodes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with descriptions of new species and a related new genus in Mexico. Pacific Insects 22: 78 - 114.", "Freeman TN (1958) Th e Archipinae of North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 7: 1 - 89.", "Obraztsov NS (1959) Note on North American Aphelia species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). American Museum Novitates 1964: 1 - 9.", "Mutuura A (1978) A new genus of coniferophagous Tortricidae, and two new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 110: 569 - 574.", "Powell JA (1960) Descriptions of new species of Argyrotaenia in the southwestern United States. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 36: 83 - 97.", "Obraztsov NS (1961) Description of and notes on North and Central American species of Argyrotaenia, with the description of a new genus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). American Museum Novitates 2048: 1 - 42.", "Dang PT (1985) Key to adult males of conifer-feeding species of Choristoneura Lederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Canada and Alaska. Th e Canadian Entomologist 117: 1 - 5.", "Dang PT (1992) Morphological study of male genitalia with phylogenetic inference of Choristoneura Lederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 124: 7 - 48.", "Powell JA (1962 b) Two previously undescribed species of Canadian Archipsini, with a report of the genus Lozotaenia Stephens in North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 94: 841 - 845.", "Razowski J (1979 a) Revision of the genus Clepsis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Part 1. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 23: 101 - 198.", "Razowski J (1979 b) Revision of the genus Clepsis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Part 2. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 24: 113 - 152.", "Powell JA (1985) Discovery of two new species and genera of shaggy tortricids related to Synnoma and Niasoma (Tortricidae: Sparganothini). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 24: 61 - 71.", "Powell JA (1986) Synopsis of the classification of Neotropical Tortricinae, with descriptions of new genera and species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 62: 372 - 398.", "Brown JW, Powell JA (1991) Systematics of the Chrysoxena group of genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Euliini). University of California Publications in Entomology 111: 1 - 87.", "Brown JW, Powell JA (2000) Systematics of Anopina Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Euliini). University of California Publications in Entomology 120: 1 - 128 + 32 fig.", "Razowski J, Becker VO (2000) Revision of the New World Euliini - genus Bonagota Razowski, with notes on Apotomops Powell et Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 69: 65 - 76.", "Lambert RL (1950) Revision of the moths of the subfamily Sparganothidinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). PhD thesis, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 502 pp. + 49 plates.", "Pogue MG, Lavigne R (1981) Th e Tortricinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Wyoming. University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, Science Monograph SM- 41, 321 pp."]}