cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anchor Retouching via Model Interaction for Robust Object Detection in Aerial Images
Creators: name: Liang, Dong
name: Geng, Qixiang
name: Wei, Zongqi
name: Vorontsov, Dmitry A.
name: Kim, Ekaterina L.
name: Wei, Mingqiang
name: Zhou, Huiyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection has made tremendous strides in computer vision. Small object detection with appearance degradation is a prominent challenge, especially for aerial observations. To collect sufficient positive/negative samples for heuristic training, most object detectors preset region anchors in order to calculate Intersection-over-Union (IoU) against the ground-truthed data. In this case, small objects are frequently abandoned or mislabeled. In this paper, we present an effective Dynamic Enhancement Anchor (DEA) network to construct a novel training sample generator. Different from the other state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed network leverages a sample discriminator to realize interactive sample screening between an anchor-based unit and an anchor-free unit to generate eligible samples. Besides, multi-task joint training with a conservative anchor-based inference scheme enhances the performance of the proposed model while reducing computational complexity. The proposed scheme supports both oriented and horizontal object detection tasks. Extensive experiments on two challenging aerial benchmarks (i.e., DOTA and HRSC2016) indicate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in accuracy with moderate inference speed and computational overhead for training. On DOTA, our DEA-Net which integrated with the baseline of RoI-Transformer surpasses the advanced method by 0.40% mean-Average-Precision (mAP) for oriented object detection with a weaker backbone network (ResNet-101 vs ResNet-152) and 3.08% mean-Average-Precision (mAP) for horizontal object detection with the same backbone. Besides, our DEA-Net which integrated with the baseline of ReDet achieves the state-of-the-art performance by 80.37%. On HRSC2016, it surpasses the previous best model by 1.1% using only 3 horizontal anchors.
Singlet-Doublet Self-interacting Dark Matter and Radiative Neutrino Mass
Creators: name: Borah, Debasish
name: Dutta, Manoranjan
name: Mahapatra, Satyabrata
name: Sahu, Narendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with a light mediator is a promising scenario to alleviate the small-scale problems of the cold dark matter paradigm while being consistent with the latter at large scales, as suggested by astrophysical observations. This, however, leads to an under-abundant SIDM relic due to large annihilation rates into mediator particles, often requiring an extension of the simplest thermal or non-thermal relic generation mechanism. In this work, we consider a singlet-doublet fermion dark matter scenario where the singlet fermion with a light scalar mediator gives rise to the velocity-dependent dark matter self-interaction through a Yukawa type attractive potential. The doublet fermion, by virtue of its tiny mixing with the singlet, can be long-lived and can provide a non-thermal contribution to the singlet relic at late epochs, filling the deficit in the thermal relic of singlet SIDM. The light scalar mediator, due to its mixing with the standard model Higgs, paves the path for detecting such SIDM at terrestrial laboratories leading to constraints on model parameters from CRESST-III and XENON1T experiments. Enlarging the dark sector particles by two more singlet fermions and one scalar doublet, all odd under an unbroken $\mathcal{Z}_2$ symmetry can also explain non-zero neutrino mass in scotogenic fashion.
description: 17 pages, 16 captioned figures, Version accepted for publication in PRD
Stripped-Envelope Stars in Different Metallicity Environments I. Evolutionary Phases, Classification and Populations
Creators: name: Aguilera-Dena, David R.
name: Langer, Norbert
name: Antoniadis, John
name: Pauli, Daniel
name: Dessart, Luc
name: Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro
name: Gräfener, Götz
name: Yoon, Sung-Chul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars that become stripped of their hydrogen envelope through binary interaction or winds can be observed either as Wolf-Rayet stars, if they have optically thick winds, or as transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars. We approximate their evolution through evolutionary models of single helium stars, and compute detailed model grids in the initial mass range 1.5 to 70 M$_{\odot}$ for metallicities between 0.01 and 0.04, from core helium ignition until core collapse. Throughout their lifetime, some stellar models expose the ashes of helium burning. We propose that models that have nitrogen-rich envelopes are candidate WN stars, while models with a carbon-rich surface are candidate WC stars during core helium burning, and WO stars afterwards. We measure metallicity dependance of the total lifetime of our models and the duration of their evolutionary phases. We propose an analytic estimate of the wind optical depth to distinguish models of Wolf-Rayet stars from transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars, and find that the luminosity ranges at which WN, WC and WO type stars can exist is a strong function of metallicity. We find that all carbon-rich models produced in our grids have optically thick winds and match the luminosity distribution of observed populations. We construct population models and predict the numbers of transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars and Wolf-Rayet stars, and derive their number ratios at different metallicities. We find that as metallicity increases, the number of transparent-wind stripped-envelope stars decreases and the number of Wolf-Rayet stars increases. At high metallicities WC and WO type stars become more common. We apply our population models to nearby galaxies, and find that populations are more sensitive to the transition luminosity between Wolf-Rayet stars and transparent-wind helium stars than to the metallicity dependent mass loss rates.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication Astronomy & Astrophysics
Methods for NSD2(PWWP1) and histone H3 interaction cellular assay.
Creators: name: Szewczyk, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: NSD2, PWWP1, H3K36 dimethylation, NanoBRET

description: Methods for NSD2(PWWP1) and histone H3 interaction cellular assay posted on openlabnotebooks.org.
AdS$_5$ Holography and Higher-Derivative Supergravity
Creators: name: Bobev, Nikolay
name: Hristov, Kiril
name: Reys, Valentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study four-derivative corrections to 5d $\mathcal{N}=2$ minimal gauged supergravity using tools from conformal supergravity. There are two supersymmetric invariants at the four-derivative order and we show explicitly how to write down the action in the Poincaré frame in terms of their coefficients. We apply our results in the context of holography where the four-derivative terms in the supergravity action translate into corrections to the conformal anomalies of the dual 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFT. We use these results to study corrections to the entropy of the supersymmetric black string solutions of minimal supergravity. We also discuss explicit embeddings of the 5d supergravity in string and M-theory and use them to fix the higher-derivative coefficients in terms of the microscopic parameters.
description: 33 pages; v2: added references and details; v3: clarified the integration of auxiliary fields, added a discussion on holographic 3pt functions
An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS field (AS2COSPEC): Survey Description and First Results
Creators: name: Chen, Chian-Chou
name: Liao, Cheng-Lin
name: Smail, Ian
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Ao, Y.
name: Bunker, A. J.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Hatsukade, B.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Lee, Minju M.
name: Serjeant, Stephen
name: Umehata, Hideki
name: Wang, Wei-Hao
name: Zhao, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an ALMA band 3 spectroscopic survey, targeting the brightest submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the COSMOS field. Here we present the first results based on the 18 primary SMGs that have 870 $μ$m flux densities of $S_{870}=12.4-19.3$ mJy and are drawn from a parent sample of 260 ALMA-detected SMGs from the AS2COSMOS survey. We detect emission lines in 17 and determine their redshifts to be in the range of $z=2-5$ with a median of ${3.3\pm0.3}$. We confirm that SMGs with brighter $S_{870}$ are located at higher redshifts. The data additionally cover five fainter companion SMGs, and we obtain line detection in one. Together with previous studies, our results indicate that for SMGs that satisfy our selection, their brightest companion SMGs are physically associated with their corresponding primary SMGs in $\ge40$% of the time, suggesting that mergers play a role in the triggering of star formation. By modeling the foreground gravitational fields, $<10$% of the primary SMGs can be strongly lensed with a magnification $μ>2$. We determine that about 90\% of the primary SMGs have lines that are better described by double Gaussian profiles, and the median separation of the two Gaussian peaks is 430$\pm$40 km s$^{-1}$. This allows estimates of an average baryon mass, which together with the line dispersion measurements puts our primary SMGs on the similar mass-$σ$ correlation found on local early-type galaxies. Finally, the number density of our $z>4$ primary SMGs is found to be $1^{+0.9}_{-0.6}\times10^6$ cMpc$^{-3}$, suggesting that they can be the progenitors of $z\sim3-4$ massive quiescent galaxies.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures, ApJ in press
Information propagation in a non-local model with emergent locality
Creators: name: Ji, Kaixin
name: Hung, Ling-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we revisit a "relatively local" model proposed in arXiv:1811.07241, where locality and dimensionality of space only emerges from the entanglement structure of the state the system is in. Various quantities such as butterfly velocity/ entanglement speed can be defined similarly, at least in the regime where locality is well defined and a light cone structure emerges in the correlation between sites. We find that the relations observed between them in local models arXiv:1908.06993 are not respected. In particular, we conjecture that the hierarchy of the interaction over different distances provides different "layers" of light-cones. When long range interactions are sufficiently suppressed, the effective light cones are dominated by linear behaviors with little remnant of non-locality. This could potentially be used as a physical smoking gun for emergent locality in non-local models.
description: Slightly revised abstract, section 2, section 4.2 and discussion
Universal structure of radiative QED amplitudes at one loop
Creators: name: Engel, Tim
name: Signer, Adrian
name: Ulrich, Yannick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two novel results about the universal structure of radiative QED amplitudes in the soft and in the collinear limit. On the one hand, we extend the well-known Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem to the one-loop level and give the explicit relation between the radiative and non-radiative amplitude at subleading power in the soft limit. On the other hand, we consider a factorisation formula at leading power in the limit where the emitted photon becomes collinear to a light fermion and provide the corresponding one-loop splitting function. In addition to being interesting in their own right these findings are particularly relevant in the context of fully-differential higher-order QED calculations. One of the main challenges in this regard is the numerical stability of radiative contributions in the soft and collinear regions. The results presented here allow for a stabilisation of real-virtual amplitudes in these delicate phase-space regions by switching to the corresponding approximation without the need of explicit computations.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, published version
Gaussian Process Regression for Absorption Spectra Analysis of Molecular Dimers
Creators: name: Taher-Ghahramani, Farhad
name: Zheng, Fulu
name: Eisfeld, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common task is the determination of system parameters from spectroscopy, where one compares the experimental spectrum with calculated spectra, that depend on the desired parameters. Here we discuss an approach based on a machine learning technique, where the parameters for the numerical calculations are chosen from Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). This approach does not only quickly converge to an optimal parameter set, but in addition provides information about the complete parameter space, which allows for example to identify extended parameter regions where numerical spectra are consistent with the experimental one. We consider as example dimers of organic molecules and aim at extracting in particular the interaction between the monomers, and their mutual orientation. We find that indeed the GPR gives reliable results which are in agreement with direct calculations of these parameters using quantum chemical methods.
Designing a Magnetic Measurement Data Acquisition and Control System with Reuse in Mind: A Rotating Coil System Example
Creators: name: Nogiec, J. M.
name: Akella, P.
name: Chlachidze, G.
name: DiMarco, J.
name: Tartaglia, M.
name: Thompson, P.
name: Trombly-Freytag, K.
name: Walbridge, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerator magnet test facilities frequently need to measure different magnets on differently equipped test stands and with different instrumentation. Designing a modular and highly reusable system that combines flexibility built-in at the architectural level as well as on the component level addresses this need. Specification of the backbone of the system, with the interfaces and dataflow for software components and core hardware modules, serves as a basis for building such a system. The design process and implementation of an extensible magnetic measurement data acquisition and control system are described, including techniques for maximizing the reuse of software. The discussion is supported by showing the application of this methodology to constructing two dissimilar systems for rotating coil measurements, both based on the same architecture and sharing core hardware modules and many software components. The first system is for production testing 10 m long cryo-assemblies containing two MQXFA quadrupole magnets for the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider and the second for testing IQC conventional quadrupole magnets in support of the accelerator system at Fermilab.
SPring-8 LEPS2 beamline: A facility to produce a multi-GeV photon beam via laser Compton scattering
Creators: name: Muramatsu, N.
name: Yosoi, M.
name: Yorita, T.
name: Ohashi, Y.
name: Ahn, J. K.
name: Ajimura, S.
name: Asano, Y.
name: Chang, W. C.
name: Chen, J. Y.
name: Date, S.
name: Gogami, T.
name: Hamano, H.
name: Hashimoto, T.
name: Hiraiwa, T.
name: Hotta, T.
name: Ishikawa, T.
name: Kasamatsu, Y.
name: Katsuragawa, H.
name: Kobayakawa, R.
name: Kohri, H.
name: Masumoto, S.
name: Matsumura, Y.
name: Miyabe, M.
name: Mizutani, K.
name: Morino, Y.
name: Nakano, T.
name: Nam, T.
name: Niiyama, M.
name: Nozawa, Y.
name: Ohkuma, H.
name: Ohnishi, H.
name: Ohta, T.
name: Oishi, M.
name: Ozawa, K.
name: Ryu, S. Y.
name: Sada, Y.
name: Saito, H.
name: Shibukawa, T.
name: Shimizu, H.
name: Shirai, R.
name: Shoji, M.
name: Sumihama, M.
name: Suzuki, S.
name: Tanaka, S.
name: Taniuchi, Y.
name: Tokiyasu, A. O.
name: Tomida, N.
name: Tsuchikawa, Y.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Yoon, C. J.
name: Yoshida, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed a new laser-Compton-scattering facility, called the LEPS2 beamline, at the 8-GeV electron storage ring, SPring-8. This facility provides a linearly polarized photon beam in a tagged energy range of 1.3--2.4 GeV. Thanks to a small divergence of the low-emittance storage-ring electrons, the tagged photon beam has a size (sigma) suppressed to about 4 mm even after it travels about 130 m to the experimental building that is independent of the storage ring building and contains large detector systems. This beamline is designed to achieve a photon beam intensity higher than that of the first laser-Compton-scattering beamline at SPring-8 by adopting the simultaneous injection of up to four high-power laser beams and increasing a transmittance for the long photon-beam path up to about 77%. The new beamline is under operation for hadron photoproduction experiments.
Valley-driven Zitterbewegung in Kekulé-distorted graphene
Creators: name: Santacruz, Alex
name: Iglesias, Priscilla E.
name: Carrillo-Bastos, Ramon
name: Mireles, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene deposited on top of a Copper(111) substrate may develop a Y-shaped Kekulé bond texture (Kekulé-Y), locking the momentum of its Dirac fermions with its valley degree of freedom. As a consequence, the valley degeneracy of its band structure is broken, generating an energy dispersion with two nested Dirac cones with different Fermi velocities. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of electronic wave packets in the Kekulé-Y superlattice. We show that, as a result of the valley-momentum coupling, a valley-driven oscillatory motion of the wave packets ({\it Zitterbewegung}) could appear, but with a smaller frequency than the {\it Zitterbewegung} effect found pristine graphene. This makes Kekulé-Y graphene a compelling candidate for experimental observation of {\it Zitterbewegung} phenomenon in a two-dimensional system.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Proximity to Traffic, Ambient Air Pollution, and Community Noise in Relation to Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis
Creators: name: De Roos, Anneclaire J.
name: Koehoorn, Mieke, 1966-
name: Tamburic, Lillian
name: Davies, Hugh, 1957-
name: Brauer, Michael (Of University Of British Columbia)
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Background: The risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with living near traffic; however, there is evidence suggesting that air pollution may not be responsible for this association. Noise, another traffic-generated exposure, has not been studied as a risk factor for RA. Objectives: We investigated proximity to traffic, ambient air pollution, and community noise in relation to RA in the Vancouver and Victoria regions of British Columbia, Canada. Methods: Cases and controls were identified in a cohort of adults that was assembled using health insurance registration records. Incident RA cases from 1999 through 2002 were identified by diagnostic codes in combination with prescriptions and type of physician (e.g., rheumatologist). Controls were matched to RA cases by age and sex. Environmental exposures were assigned to each member of the study population by their residential postal code(s). We estimated relative risks using conditional logistic regression, with additional adjustment for median income at the postal code. Results: RA incidence was increased with proximity to traffic, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.68) for residence ≤ 50 m from a highway compared with residence > 150 m away. We found no association with traffic-related exposures such as PM2.5, nitrogen oxides, or noise. Ground-level ozone, which was highest in suburban areas, was associated with an increased risk of RA (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.36 per interquartile range increase). Conclusions: Our study confirms a previously observed association of RA risk with proximity to traffic and suggests that neither noise levels nor traffic-related air pollutants are responsible for this relationship. Additional investigation of neighborhood and individual correlates of residence near roadways may provide new insight into risk factors for RA.
A pathway amongst undergraduate learning, postgraduate research and industrial involvement
Creators: name: Morsi, Yos
name: Blicblau, Aaron
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The effectiveness of an industry-based experimental learning program for engineering undergraduate and postgraduate students at Swinburne University of Technology has been discussed and evaluated. The significance of this program lies in the fact that both types of students will see the relevance of learning and how it is implemented in industry-based problems whilst industry will gain engineering expertise in a specific field. The interaction amongst undergraduate students, postgraduate students, academia and industry personnel was found to be very productive to all parties involved and to the engineering profession in general.
Residential greenness and birth outcomes : evaluating the influence of spatially correlated built-environment factors
Creators: name: Hystad, Perry
name: Davies, Hugh, 1957-
name: Frank, Lawrence
name: Van Loon, Josh
name: Gehring, Ulrike
name: Tamburic, Lillian
name: Brauer, Michael (Of University Of British Columbia)
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Background: Half the world’s population lives in urban areas. It is therefore important to identify characteristics of the built environment that are beneficial to human health. Urban greenness has been associated with improvements in a diverse range of health conditions, including birth outcomes; however, few studies have attempted to distinguish potential effects of greenness from those of other spatially correlated exposures related to the built environment. Objectives: We aimed to investigate associations between residential greenness and birth outcomes and evaluate the influence of spatially correlated built environment factors on these associations. Methods: We examined associations between residential greenness [measured using satellitederived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100 m of study participants’ homes] and birth outcomes in a cohort of 64,705 singleton births (from 1999–2002) in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. We also evaluated associations after adjusting for spatially correlated built environmental factors that may influence birth outcomes, including exposure to air pollution and noise, neighborhood walkability, and distance to the nearest park. Results: An interquartile increase in greenness (0.1 in residential NDVI) was associated with higher term birth weight (20.6 g; 95% CI: 16.5, 24.7) and decreases in the likelihood of small for gestational age, very preterm (< 30 weeks), and moderately preterm (30–36 weeks) birth. Associations were robust to adjustment for air pollution and noise exposures, neighborhood walkability, and park proximity. Conclusions: Increased residential greenness was associated with beneficial birth outcomes in this population-based cohort. These associations did not change after adjusting for other spatially correlated built environment factors, suggesting that alternative pathways (e.g., psychosocial and psychological mechanisms) may underlie associations between residential greenness and birth outcomes.
Construction of sparse polynomial chaos surrogate models for simulators with mixed continuous and categorical variables
Creators: name: Zhu, Xujia
name: Sudret, Bruno
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncertainty quantification
Surrogate models
Polynomial chaos expansions
Categorical variables

description: Performing uncertainty quantification for engineering systems typically requires a large number of evaluations of the associated simulation model. Due to limited computational resources, however, such an analysis becomes intractable for expensive numerical models. In this respect, surrogate models have received tremendous attention in the last decade, as they allow one to approximate the original model by an easy-to-evaluate proxy built on a limited number of model runs. Among others, polynomial chaos expansions have been successfully developed to emulate simulators by a linear combination of a suitable basis functions. Particularly, large efforts have been made to build PCE for computational models with continuous input variables. However, how to construct a PCE for models involving categorical input variables (factors) remains an important but unresolved question. In this contribution, we encode categorical inputs as quantitative dummy variables. This allows for transforming the problem into the standard regression setup. Therefore, solvers such as ordinary least-squares can be applied with the full basis. It is well-known that PCE suffers from the curse of dimensionality: the number of unknown terms increases dramatically with the input dimension and the maximum polynomial degrees. This problem is even exacerbated when dealing with categorical variables, especially when each qualitative variable has a lot of levels. To overcome this problem, least-angle regressions (LARS) can be used to select only the most important basis functions among a candidate set. However, when applying LARS to regressions involving categorical variables, the results depend on the encoding scheme (i.e., the choice of the dummy variables). To avoid such a dependence, we propose an adaptive algorithm based on group LARS. This method features the sparsity of the resulting PCE at the group level: instead of selecting basis functions one by one, the proposed method selects a group of basis at each iteration. Such a property better reveals the effect of categories. Similar to the algorithm hybrid LAR, we use the leave-one-out cross-validation error for model selections and adaptively choose the best model. The performance of the developed algorithm is compared with LARS on several analytical examples and real case studies.
Automatic selection of crowdsourced GNSS smartphone data for atmosphere sounding
Creators: name: Pan, Yuanxin
name: Klopotek, Grzegorz
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: GNSS
machine learning
classification
smartphone
atmosphere

description: Smartphones have been transformed into portable GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers since Google’s release of the Android 7 operating system. The GNSS data recorded by billions of such devices have great potential for scientific studies, with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. However, access to largescale GNSS smartphone data is currently limited and the data processing is challenging. The project CAMALIOT (Application of Machine Learning technology for GNSS IoT data fusion) aims to address these issues to facilitate the usability of crowdsourced GNSS data for weather forecasting and space weather monitoring. The large amount of GNSS data from the CAMALIOT crowdsourcing campaign is of heterogeneous quality. In order to cope with this data processing challenge, we developed an automatic data selection algorithm using machine learning (ML). In this study, the classification performance of different ML models is compared. The importance of different data quality indicators is also examined. Initial results show that the ML-based classifier can achieve an accuracy of 95% on real data from the campaign, without the need to set explicit thresholds for the quality indicators. Based on the selected smartphone GNSS data, tropospheric parameter estimation experiments are conducted and presented as well.
STCN: Stochastic Temporal Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Aksan, Emre
name: Hilliges, Otmar
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019

description: Convolutional architectures have recently been shown to be competitive on many sequence modelling tasks when compared to the de-facto standard of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), while providing computational and modeling advantages due to inherent parallelism. However, currently there remains a performance gap to more expressive stochastic RNN variants, especially those with several layers of dependent random variables. In this work, we propose stochastic temporal convolutional networks (STCNs), a novel architecture that combines the computational advantages of temporal convolutional networks (TCN) with the representational power and robustness of stochastic latent spaces. In particular, we propose a hierarchy of stochastic latent variables that captures temporal dependencies at different time-scales. The architecture is modular and flexible due to the decoupling of the deterministic and stochastic layers. We show that the proposed architecture achieves state of the art log-likelihoods across several tasks. Finally, the model is capable of predicting high-quality synthetic sample s over a long-range temporal horizon in modeling of handwritten text.
description: arXiv
Robust topological superconductivity in weakly coupled nanowire-superconductor hybrid structures
Creators: name: Awoga, Oladunjoye A.
name: Cayao, Jorge
name: Black-Schaffer, Annica M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of the coupling between a spin-orbit coupled semiconductor nanowire and a conventional $s$-wave superconductor on the emergence of the topological superconducting phase with Majorana bound states in an applied magnetic field. We show that when the coupling is strong, the topological phase transition point is very sensitive to the size of the superconductor and in order to reach the topological phase a strong magnetic field is required, which can easily be detrimental for superconductivity. Moreover, the induced energy gap separating the Majorana bound states and other quasi-particles in the topological phase is substantially suppressed compared to the gap at zero field. In contrast, in the weak coupling regime, we find that the situation is essentially the opposite, with the topological phase emerging at much lower magnetic fields and a sizable induced energy gap in the topological phase, that can also be controlled by the chemical potential of the superconductor. Furthermore, we show that the weak coupling regime does not generally allow for the formation of topologically trivial zero-energy states at the wire end points, in stark contrast to the strong coupling regime where such states are found for a wide range of parameters. Our results thus put forward the weak coupling regime as a promising route to mitigate the most unwanted problems present in nanowires for realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana bound states.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures + 2 pages, 3 figures of Appendices
A conversão e reutilização de peças têxteis. Uma prática comum da sociedade quinhentista portuguesa
Creators: name: Ferreira, Maria João Pacheco
Publisher: name: Revista de Artes Decorativas
Year: 2011

description: O presente texto propõe uma incursão pelo fenómeno da conversão e reutilização de artigos têxteis em Portugal na era de Quinhentos. A sua análise visa uma melhor compreensão do modo como os portugueses se relacionavam com este universo material, assim como o que o mesmo então representava para os diferentes agrupamentos sociais – aspectos que se crêem relevantes ao melhor enquadramento deste domínio artístico na história do quotidiano e da arte portuguesa, mas que, de tão aparentemente banais, têm constituído um campo de investigação pouco explorado.
description: Revista de Artes Decorativas, n. 5 (2011)
Determination of optimal cyclic uniaxial stretches for stem cell-to-tenocyte differentiation under a wide range of mechanical stretch conditions by evaluating gene expression and protein synthesis levels
Creators: name: Morita, Yasuyuki
name: Watanabe, Sachi
name: Ju, Yang
name: Xu, Baiyao
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2013
Subjects: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC); Differentiation; Mechanical stretch; Tenocyte

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 03/2013; ISSN 1509-409X
Dijet Production in Neutral Current and Charged Current Polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Borsa, Ignacio
name: de Florian, Daniel
name: Pedron, Iván
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the fully differential Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) corrections to (longitudinally) polarized dijet production in deep inelastic scattering, featuring both neutral current and charged current processes. We also analyze their phenomenological impact in the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) kinematics.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Shape optimisation of a ventricular assist device using a VADFEM computer program
Creators: name: Kopernik, Magdalena
name: Milenin, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2013
Subjects: ventricular assist device (VAD), finite element method (FEM), optimisation, goal function, multi-scale modelling

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 03/2013; ISSN 1509-409X
The Role of Vitamin D in Emiliania huxleyi: A Microalgal Perspective on UV-B Exposure
Creators: name: Eliason, Or
name: Malitsky, Sergey
name: Panizel, Irina
name: Feldmesser, Ester
name: Porat, Ziv
name: Sperfeld, Martin
name: Segev, Einat
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: An essential interaction between sunlight and eukaryotes involves the production of vitamin D through exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While extensively studied in vertebrates, the role of vitamin D in non-animal eukaryotes like microalgae remains unclear. To investigate the potential involvement of vitamin D in the response of microalgae to UV, we focus on Emiliania huxleyi, a microalga found in shallow ocean depths that are exposed to UV radiation. Our results show that E. huxleyi algae produce vitamin D2 and D3 in response to UV irradiation. We further demonstrate that E. huxleyi algae respond to external administration of vitamin D at the transcriptional level, regulating the expression of protective mechanisms that are also regulated in response to UV. Our data reveal that addition of vitamin D enhances the algal photosynthetic performance while reducing harmful reactive oxygen species buildup. This study contributes to understanding the function of vitamin D in E. huxleyi and sheds light on its role in non-animal eukaryotes, as well as its potential importance in marine ecosystems.
description: bioRxiv
ADEPT: Automatic Differentiable DEsign of Photonic Tensor Cores
Creators: name: Gu, Jiaqi
name: Zhu, Hanqing
name: Feng, Chenghao
name: Jiang, Zixuan
name: Liu, Mingjie
name: Zhang, Shuhan
name: Chen, Ray T.
name: Pan, David Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic tensor cores (PTCs) are essential building blocks for optical artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators based on programmable photonic integrated circuits. PTCs can achieve ultra-fast and efficient tensor operations for neural network (NN) acceleration. Current PTC designs are either manually constructed or based on matrix decomposition theory, which lacks the adaptability to meet various hardware constraints and device specifications. To our best knowledge, automatic PTC design methodology is still unexplored. It will be promising to move beyond the manual design paradigm and "nurture" photonic neurocomputing with AI and design automation. Therefore, in this work, for the first time, we propose a fully differentiable framework, dubbed ADEPT, that can efficiently search PTC designs adaptive to various circuit footprint constraints and foundry PDKs. Extensive experiments show superior flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed ADEPT framework to explore a large PTC design space. On various NN models and benchmarks, our searched PTC topology outperforms prior manually-designed structures with competitive matrix representability, 2-30x higher footprint compactness, and better noise robustness, demonstrating a new paradigm in photonic neural chip design. The code of ADEPT is available at https://github.com/JeremieMelo/ADEPT using the https://github.com/JeremieMelo/pytorch-onn (TorchONN) library.
description: Accepted to ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2022
Advances in formal Slavic linguistics 2017
Creators: name: Lenardič, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: argument structure
impersonal construction
reflexive clitics
Slovenian
unaccusative verbs

description: The following paper discusses the syntactic derivation of the Slovenian impersonal
 se-construction (e.g. Gradilo se je hišo.acc ‘People were building a house’). On the
 one hand, the paper argues for an analysis of the construction in which all the thematic arguments selected by the predicate normally enter the syntactic derivation
 (e.g. Rivero & Milojević Sheppard 2003; contra Marelj 2004; Grahek 2008). To this
 end, the paper discusses the construction in relation to the causative alternation
 (e.g. Alexiadou et al. 2015), which shows that agentive participation is invariably entailed in contrast to the personal variant (Gradila se je hiša.nom). On the other hand,
 the paper shows that Rivero & Milojević Sheppard’s (2003) syntactic derivation is
 set up in such a way that it cannot offer an explanation as to why the construction
 only allows unergative verbs. In its stead, the paper offers a new analysis of the construction within the theory of the Voice domain (e.g. Legate 2014; Schäfer 2017). The
 new analysis posits that se is the head of an argument-introducing thematic VoiceP
 and is a separate element from the phonologically-null thematic argument that the
 construction introduces. Ungrammaticality arises in the case of unaccusative verbs
 because such predicates merge the null thematic argument within VP yet still combine with se, which introduces a participant variable into the derivation that cannot
 be saturated.
Jamming and percolation in the random sequential adsorption of a binary mixture on the square lattice
Creators: name: Kundu, Sumanta
name: Prates, Henrique C.
name: Araujo, Nuno A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the competitive irreversible adsorption of a binary mixture of monomers and square-shaped particles of linear size $R$ on the square lattice. With the random sequential adsorption model, we investigate how the jamming coverage and percolation properties depend on the size ratio $R$ and relative flux $F$. We find that the onset of percolation of monomers is always lower for the binary mixture than in the case with only monomers ($R=1$). Moreover, for values $F$ below a critical value, the higher is the flux or size of the largest species, the lower is the value of the percolation threshold for monomers.
description: Submitted to a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical to mark the 70th Birthday of Robert M. Ziff
Growth through community
Creators: name: Aitkenhead, Georgia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: participatory science
citizen science
sensory processing
autism
community
open source

description: This is a presentaiion given on the 30th April to demonstrate and explore the community building in the Autistica/Turing citizen science project - investigating how sensory processing affects how autistic people navigate their environments.
Analysis of the public HARPS/ESO spectroscopic archive -- Jupiter-like planets around HD 103891 and HD 105779
Creators: name: Sreenivas, K. R.
name: Perdelwitz, V.
name: Tal-Or, L.
name: Trifonov, T.
name: Zucker, S.
name: Mazeh, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We use the recently published database (Trifonov et al. 2020) of radial velocities (RVs) that were derived from fifteen years of HARPS/ESO observations to search for planet candidates. Methods. For targets with sufficient RV data, we apply an automated algorithm to identify significant periodic signals and fit a Keplerian model for orbital estimates. We also search the auxiliary data of stellar-activity indices and compare our findings with existing literature, to detect periodic RV signals that have no counterpart in the activity timeseries. The most convincing signals are then manually inspected to designate additional false planet detection, focusing the search on long-period (P > 1 000 d) massive candidates around FGK dwarf stars. Results. We identify two Jupiter analogs, in orbit around the slightly evolved F8V star HD 103891 and the Solar-like star HD 105779. We use nested sampling to derive their orbital parameters, and find their orbital periods to be 1919 +/- 16 d and 2412 +/- 54 d, while their minimum masses are 1.44 +/- 0.02 M Jup and 0.64 +/- 0.06 M Jup , respectively. While the orbit of HD 103891 b is slightly eccentric (e = 0.31 +/- 0.03), that of HD 105779 b is likely circular (e < 0.16). Conclusions. With minimum astrometric signatures of 59 and 42 $μ$as, HD 103891 b and HD 105779 b join the growing sample of planets whose exact masses may soon be derived with Gaia astrometry. This finding also highlights the importance of long-term RV surveys to study planetary occurrence beyond the snow line of Solar-like stars.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, Submitted to A&A
KU Band vs. L Band Satellite Communication in Industry 4.0: Assessing IoT Connectivity Solutions with a Focus on Spread Spectrum Technology
Creators: name: Bostani, Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Abstract—In the dynamic landscape of Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a key driver of innovation and efficiency, with connectivity being its cornerstone. Traditionally, IoT connectivity has been reliant on L Band satellite communication, favored for its wide coverage and reliability. However, the evolving demands of Industry 4.0 –characterized by high data throughput and low latency – are prompting a need to explore alternative satellite communication solutions. This paper reviews KU Band satellite communication as a viable option for IoT connectivity in the context of Industry 4.0. We start by discussing the essential connectivity requirements for industrial IoT applications and then provide an in-depth comparison of KU Band and L Band satellite communications, focusing on bandwidth, latency, coverage, power consumption, and cost considerations.A significant part of this review is dedicated to examining the potential benefits and challenges of adopting KU Band for IoT. This includes an analysis of technical aspects such as signal attenuation, hardware requirements, and the integration of spread spectrum technology, which is emerging as a critical factor in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of KU Band communications. We also explore real-world application scenarios and case studies, demonstrating how KU Band has been implemented in various industrial contexts.In the concluding sections, the paper delves into future trends in satellite communications for IoT, highlights current research gaps, and proposes directions for future studies. This review aims to enrich the discourse on optimizing IoT connectivity solutions within Industry 4.0, offering a nuanced perspective on the potential of alternative satellite bands, including the strategic application of technologies like spread spectrum, in addressing the complex demands of modern industrial ecosystems.Keywords— L_band, KU_band, IoT, Satellite communications, Spread spectrum
From $β$ to $η$: a new cohomology for deformed Sasaki-Einstein manifolds
Creators: name: Tasker, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss in detail the different analogues of Dolbeault cohomology groups on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds and prove a new vanishing result for the transverse Dolbeault cohomology groups $H_{\bar\partial}^{(p,0)}(k)$ graded by their charge under the Reeb vector. We then introduce a new cohomology, $η$-cohomology, which is defined by a CR structure and a holomorphic function $f$ with non-vanishing $η\equiv \mathrm{d}f$. It is the natural cohomology associated to a class of supersymmetric type IIB flux backgrounds that generalise the notion of a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. These geometries are dual to finite deformations of the 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs described by conventional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. As such, they are associated to Calabi-Yau algebras with a deformed superpotential. We show how to compute the $η$-cohomology in terms of the transverse Dolbeault cohomology of the undeformed Sasaki-Einstein space. The gauge-gravity correspondence implies a direct relation between the cyclic homologies of the Calabi-Yau algebra, or equivalently the counting of short multiplets in the deformed SCFT, and the $η$-cohomology groups. We verify that this relation is satisfied in the case of S$^5$, and use it to predict the reduced cyclic homology groups in the case of deformations of regular Sasaki-Einstein spaces. The corresponding Calabi-Yau algebras describe non-commutative deformations of $\mathbb{P}^2$, $\mathbb{P}^1\times\mathbb{P}^1$ and the del Pezzo surfaces.
description: 41 pages