cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An environmental analysis of the fast transient AT2018cow and implications for its progenitor and late-time brightness
Creators: name: Sun, Ning-Chen
name: Maund, Justyn R.
name: Shao, Yali
name: Janiak, Ida A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the newly discovered fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) is still puzzling astronomers. In this paper we carry out a comprehensive analysis of the molecular gas, ionized gas and stellar populations in the environment of the nearby FBOT AT2018cow based on ALMA, VLT/MUSE and HST/WFC3 observations. A prominent molecular concentration of 6 ($\pm$ 1) $\times$ 10$^6$ $M_\odot$ is found in the vicinity of AT2018cow, which has given rise to two active star-forming complexes with ages of 4 $\pm$ 1 Myr and $\lesssim$2.5 Myr, respectively. Each star-forming complex has a stellar mass of 3 $\times$ 10$^5$ $M_\odot$ and has photoionized a giant H II region with H$α$ luminosity even comparable to that of the 30 Dor mini-starburst region. AT2018cow is spatially coincident with one of the star-forming complexes; however, it is most likely to reside in its foreground since it has a much smaller extinction than the complex. Its progenitor could have been formed in a different star-forming event, and the non-detection of the associated stellar population constrains the progenitor's age to be $\gtrsim$10 Myr and initial mass to be $\lesssim$ 20 $M_\odot$. We further find the late-time brightness of AT2018cow is unlikely to be a stellar object. Its brightness has slightly declined from 2 yr to 4 yr after explosion and is most likely to originate from AT2018cow itself due to some powering mechanism still working at such late times.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Modeling disks and magnetic outflows around a forming massive star: II. Dynamics of jets from massive protostars
Creators: name: Oliva, André
name: Kuiper, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forming massive stars launch outflows of magnetic origin, which in fact serve as a marker for finding sites of massive star formation. However, both the theoretical and observational study of the mechanisms that intervene in the formation and propagation of such outflows has been possible only until recent years. With this work, we aim to study in detail the mechanisms that drive highly collimated outflows from early stages of the formation of a massive star, and how those processes are impacted by the properties of the natal environment of the forming massive star. We perform a series of 31 simulations with the aim of building a unified theoretical picture of these mechanisms, and see how the impact of different environments alter their morphology and momentum output. The magnetohydrodynamical simulations consider also Ohmic dissipation as a nonideal effect, self-gravity, and diffusive radiation transport for thermal absorption and emission by the dust and gas. We start from a collapsing cloud core that is threaded by an initially-uniform magnetic field and which is slowly rotating. We utilize a two-dimensional axisymmetric grid in spherical coordinates. In the simulations, we can clearly distinguish a fast, magneto-centrifugally launched and collimated jet (of speeds > 100 km/s), from a wider magnetic tower flow driven by magnetic pressure which broadens in time. We analyze in detail the acceleration of the flow, and its re-collimation by magnetic forces happening at distances of several hundreds of astronomical units. We quantify the impact of magnetic braking in the outflows, which narrows the outflow cavity for the late evolution of the system. We observe the presence of the same jet-driving mechanisms for a wide range of assumptions on the natal environment of the massive protostar, but with changes to their morphology and mechanical feedback into larger scales over time.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kinematic analysis of the Large Magellanic Cloud using Gaia DR3
Creators: name: Jiménez-Arranz, Ó.
name: Romero-Gómez, M.
name: Luri, X.
name: McMillan, P. J.
name: Antoja, T.
name: Chemin, L.
name: Roca-Fàbrega, S.
name: Masana, E.
name: Muros, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The high quality of the Gaia mission data is allowing to study the internal kinematics of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) in unprecedented detail, providing insights on the non-axisymmetric structure of its disc. Aims: To define and validate an improved selection strategy to distinguish the LMC stars from the Milky Way foreground. To check the possible biases that assumed parameters or sample contamination from the Milky Way can introduce in the analysis of the internal kinematics of the LMC using Gaia data. Methods: Our selection is based on a supervised Neural Network classifier using as much as of the Gaia DR3 data as possible. We select three samples of candidate LMC stars with different degrees of completeness and purity; we validate them using different test samples and we compare them with the Gaia Collaboration paper sample. We analyse the resulting velocity profiles and maps, and we check how these results change when using also the line-of-sight velocities, available for a subset of stars. Results: The contamination in the samples from Milky Way stars affects basically the results for the outskirts of the LMC, and the absence of line-of-sight velocities does not bias the results for the kinematics in the inner disc. For the first time, we perform a kinematic analysis of the LMC using samples with the full three dimensional velocity information from Gaia DR3. Conclusions: The dynamics in the inner disc is mainly bar dominated; the kinematics on the spiral arm over-density seem to be dominated by an inward motion and a rotation faster than that of the disc in the piece of the arm attached to the bar; contamination of MW stars seem to dominate the outer parts of the disc and mainly affects old evolutionary phases; uncertainties in the assumed disc morphological parameters and line-of-sight velocity of the LMC can in some cases have significant effects. [ABRIDGED]
Frequency Domain Analysis of Composite Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges by Finite Strip Method
Creators: name: Li, Haoran
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Frequency Domain Analysis
Finite Strip Method
Cable-Stayed Bridge
Composite Materials
Laminated FRP Deck
Welch's Method
Pseudo Excitation Method
Finite Element Method
FRP Slab-Girder Bridge
Long-Span Bridge

description: The finite strip method (FSM) is a very efficient numerical method employed for performing the structural analysis of slender structures, such as cable-stayed bridges; the strip discretization of the model allows for the usage of a lower number of degrees of freedom, in comparison with the finite element method (FEM), while, as it will be discussed in the current research, the results obtained from both methods are in relatively good agreement. Moreover, to address the latest developments in the area of smart construction materials used for long-span bridges, the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites were implemented for the bridge deck modeling, as part of a hybrid composite FRP cable-stayed bridge, and an extend laminate integrated finite strip method (LFSM) was applied for estimating the static structural performance of the hybrid composite FRP long-span cable-stayed bridge under several concentrated and uniformly distributed loadings. The free vibrations analysis was conducted for the Kap Shui Mun Cable-stayed Bridge model, and the natural frequencies were compared with the ones obtained from an FE model of the same bridge. One of the advantages of using the integrated finite strip method is that number of vibration modes, which can be included in the dynamic analysis when the effect of a sweeping sinus and a seismic loading are investigated when a conventional FE analysis would fail to converge. The outcomes of this research will set the stage for the hybrid long-span cable-stayed bridges modeling by the laminate integrated finite strip method (LFSM) which is more efficient and straightforward than the finite element analysis, for performing the static, free vibration, time domain, and frequency domain analyses.
The DAWES review 10: The impact of deep learning for the analysis of galaxy surveys
Creators: name: Huertas-Company, Marc
name: Lanusse, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amount and complexity of data delivered by modern galaxy surveys has been steadily increasing over the past years. Extracting coherent scientific information from these large and multi-modal data sets remains an open issue and data driven approaches such as deep learning have rapidly emerged as a potentially powerful solution to some long lasting challenges. This enthusiasm is reflected in an unprecedented exponential growth of publications using neural networks. Half a decade after the first published work in astronomy mentioning deep learning, we believe it is timely to review what has been the real impact of this new technology in the field and its potential to solve key challenges raised by the size and complexity of the new datasets. In this review we first aim at summarizing the main applications of deep learning for galaxy surveys that have emerged so far. We then extract the major achievements and lessons learned and highlight key open questions and limitations. Overall, state-of-the art deep learning methods are rapidly adopted by the astronomical community, reflecting a democratization of these methods. We show that the majority of works using deep learning up to date are oriented to computer vision tasks. This is also the domain of application where deep learning has brought the most important breakthroughs so far. We report that the applications are becoming more diverse and deep learning is used for estimating galaxy properties, identifying outliers or constraining the cosmological model. Most of these works remain at the exploratory level. Some common challenges will most likely need to be addressed before moving to the next phase of deployment of deep learning in the processing of future surveys; e.g. uncertainty quantification, interpretability, data labeling and domain shift issues from training with simulations, which constitutes a common practice in astronomy.
description: Invited DAWES review. Accepted for publication in PASA
Malaria Entangled: Ribeirinhos, Plants, Mosquitoes, and Public Health Interventions in the Brazilian Amazon
Creators: name: Machado Freitas De Souza, Luciane
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Malaria
Ribeirinhos
Brazilian Amazon
Medical Anthropology
Entanglements
Plants
Mosquitoes
Antimalarial medications
Multi-species relations
Public Health Interventions

description: This ethnographic study was conducted among the riverine people, also known as Ribeirinhos, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, during four months of field research. The study focused on learning from Ribeirinhos’ experiences and practices of malaria. In this thesis, I argue that paying attention to Ribeirinhos’ experiences and diagnostic, treatment, and control practices of malaria can provide useful insights into blind spots in the current interventions to control the disease in Brazil. As this is a thesis by publications, the findings are presented in three manuscripts. The first manuscript focuses on how malaria is experienced by Ribeirinhos. It explores the embodiment of malaria, empirical strategies to distinguish it from other febrile sicknesses, misalignment between bodies and current biomedical diagnosis methods, “becomings” of bodies and experiences, and the vicissitudes of having the disease. The second manuscript examines experiences and treatment practices for vivax malaria highlighting the uses of pharmaceuticals, side effects of antimalarial drugs, and traditional treatments for malaria. The third manuscript describes Ribeirinhos’ perceptions of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, their everyday practices to manage these beings, and their experiences with control interventions, such as time monitoring recommendations (TMR), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and insecticide-treated nets (ITN). The three manuscripts clearly show that Ribeirinhos' lives are thoroughly entangled with Amazonian rivers and forests; malaria also takes part in these entanglements. Learning from their experiences and practices of malaria has provided information about the nuances, improvisations, and continuous negotiations required to coexist with the parasite and disease vectors.
Non-extremal, $α'$-corrected black holes in 5-dimensional Heterotic Superstring Theory
Creators: name: Cano, Pablo A.
name: Ortín, Tomás
name: Ruipérez, Alejandro
name: Zatti, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the first-order $α'$ corrections of the non-extremal Strominger-Vafa black hole and its non-supersymmetric counterparts in the framework of the Bergshoeff-de Roo formulation of the heterotic superstring effective action. The solution passes several tests: its extremal limit is the one found in an earlier publication and the effect of a T duality transformation on it is another solution of the same form with T dual charges. We compute the Hawking temperature and Wald entropy showing that they are related by the first law and Smarr formula. On the other hand, these two contain additional terms in which the dimensionful parameter $α'$ plays the role of thermodynamical variable.
description: Latex2e file, 53 pages, 7 figures; v2: references added
Temperature evolution of correlation strength in the superconducting state of high-Tc cuprates
Creators: name: Kudo, S.
name: Yoshida, T.
name: Ideta, S.
name: Takashima, K.
name: Anzai, H.
name: Fujita, T.
name: Nakashima, Y.
name: Ino, A.
name: Arita, M.
name: Namatame, H.
name: Taniguchi, M.
name: Kojima, K. M.
name: Uchida, S.
name: Fujimori, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed an angle-resolved photoemission study of the nodal quasi-particle spectra of the high-Tc cuprate tri-layer Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d (Tc~ 110 K). The spectral weight Z of the nodal quasi-particle increases with decreasing temperature across the Tc. Such a temperature dependence is qualitatively similar to that of the coherence peak intensity in the anti nodal region of various high-Tc cuprates although the nodal spectral weight remains finite and large above Tc. We attribute this observation to the reduction of electron correlation strength in going from the normal metallic state to the superconducting state, a characteristic behavior of a superconductor with strong electron correlation.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Validity of path thermodynamic description of reactive systems: Microscopic simulations
Creators: name: Baras, F.
name: Garcia, A. L.
name: Mansour, M. Malek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional stochastic modeling of reactive systems limits the domain of applicability of the associated path thermodynamics to systems involving a single elementary reaction at the origin of each observed change in composition. An alternative stochastic modeling has recently been proposed to overcome this limitation. These two ways of modeling reactive systems are in principle incompatible. The question thus arises about choosing the appropriate type of modeling to be used in practical situations. In the absence of sufficiently accurate experimental results, one way to address this issue is through the microscopic simulation of reactive fluids, usually based on hard-sphere dynamics in the Boltzmann limit. In this paper, we show that results obtained through such simulations unambiguously confirm the predictions of traditional stochastic modeling, invalidating a recently proposed alternative.
Enhanced IEEE 802.11.p-Based MAC Protocols for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
Creators: name: Nasrallah, Yamen
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: IEEE 802.11p
Markov Chain Model

description: The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a cooperative system that relies on reliable and robust communication schemes among vehicles and between vehicles and their surroundings. The main objective of the ITS is to ensure the safety of vehicle drivers and pedestrians. It provides an efficient and reliable transportation system that enhances traffic management, reduces congestion time, enables smooth traffic re-routing, and avoids economic losses. An essential part of the ITS is the Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). VANET enables the setup of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) as well as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication platforms: the two key components in the ITS. The de-facto standard used in wireless V2V and V2I communication applications is the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). The protocol that defines the specifications for the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the physical layer in the DSRC is the IEEE 802.11p protocol. The IEEE 802.11p protocol and its Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism are the main focus of this thesis. Our main objective is to develop new IEEE 802.11p-based protocol for V2V and V2I communication systems, to improve the performance of safety-related applications. These applications are of paramount importance in ITS, because their goal is to decrease the rate of vehicle collisions, and hence reduce the enormous costs associated with them. In fact, large percentage of vehicle collisions can be easily avoided with the exchange of relevant information between vehicles and the Road Side Units (RSUs) installed on the sides of the roads. In this thesis, we propose various enhancements to the IEEE 802.11p protocol to improve its performance by lowering the average end-to-end delay and increasing the average network throughput. We introduce multiple adaptive algorithms to promote the QoS support across all the Access Categories (AC) in IEEE 802.11p. We propose two adaptive backoff algorithms and two algorithms that adaptively change the values of the Arbitrary Inter-Frame Space (AIFS). Then we extend our model to be applied in a large-scale vehicular network. In this context, a multi-layer cluster-based architecture is adopted, and two new distributed time synchronization mechanisms are developed.
Bounding the Space of Holographic CFTs with Chaos
Creators: name: Perlmutter, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal states of quantum systems with many degrees of freedom are subject to a bound on the rate of onset of chaos, including a bound on the Lyapunov exponent, $λ_L\leq 2π/β$. We harness this bound to constrain the space of putative holographic CFTs and their would-be dual theories of AdS gravity. First, by studying out-of-time-order four-point functions, we discuss how $λ_L=2π/β$ in ordinary two-dimensional holographic CFTs is related to properties of the OPE at strong coupling. We then rule out the existence of unitary, sparse two-dimensional CFTs with large central charge and a set of higher spin currents of bounded spin; this implies the inconsistency of weakly coupled AdS$_3$ higher spin gravities without infinite towers of gauge fields, such as the $SL(N)$ theories. This fits naturally with the structure of higher-dimensional gravity, where finite towers of higher spin fields lead to acausality. On the other hand, unitary CFTs with classical $W_{\infty}[λ]$ symmetry, dual to 3D Vasiliev or hs[$λ$] higher spin gravities, do not violate the chaos bound, instead exhibiting no chaos: $λ_L=0$. Independently, we show that such theories violate unitarity for $|λ|>2$. These results encourage a tensionless string theory interpretation of the 3D Vasiliev theory. We also perform some CFT calculations of chaos in Rindler space in various dimensions.
description: 50+18 pages. v3: Section 3 clarified and reorganized, related improvements
A genre-based investigation of Introduction and Method sections of research articles in clinical psychology: a systemic-functional perspective
Creators: name: Stosic, Dragana
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis investigates language use in high-impact medical journal articles that report on randomised controlled trials within the field of clinical psychology. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of treatments. Since the 1990s, there have been growing concerns about the quality of RCT reporting, leading to the creation of The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement. Although this document provides a medical perspective on the reporting requirements, it does not provide explicit guidelines on language use. Thus, this study aims to examine the linguistic construction of a trial's justification and scientificity in Introduction and Method sections of RCT reports concerned with depressive and anxiety disorders. Following John Swales' Creating-a-Research-Space (CARS) model, the generic structure of research article (RA) Introductions has been widely explored in studies on English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Within the ESP tradition, there has also been an increasing interest into the generic structure of RA Methods, especially with reference to their comprehensiveness and ability to demonstrate scientific rigour and credibility. However, the lack of a functionally-oriented linguistic framework has limited ESP research to predominantly quantitative studies of lexicogrammatical forms. To conduct an in-depth qualitative analysis of genre-sensitive language use, this thesis has adopted a functional approach to genre grounded in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). More precisely, it employed the "Sydney School" perspective on genre and James Martin's modelling of discourse semantics to explore the language patterns that enact the social practices of justifying a trial and demonstrating its scientificity. The findings indicate that RCT Introductions and Methods are structured as research warrants and methodology recounts, respectively. Furthermore, additional genre embedding is used to deepen trial justification or zoom in on different aspects of RCT methodology. At the discourse semantic level, a balance between objectivity and persuasion is achieved through a wide range of implicit appraisal resources. The results of this research carry important theoretical implications for SFL genre theory and ideational discourse semantics. In addition, SFL pedagogical tools such as 'the teaching-learning cycle' and the '3x3 toolkit' can be used to recontextualise the findings with a view to scaffolding literacy in a (post-)tertiary environment -- abstract.
Particle zoo in a doped spin chain: Correlated states of mesons and magnons
Creators: name: Čubela, Petar
name: Bohrdt, Annabelle
name: Greiner, Markus
name: Grusdt, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a widely accepted view that the interplay of spin- and charge-degrees of freedom in doped antiferromagnets (AFMs) gives rise to the rich physics of high-temperature superconductors. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how effective low-energy degrees of freedom and the corresponding field theories emerge from microscopic models, including the $t-J$ and Hubbard Hamiltonians. A promising view comprises that the charge carriers have a rich internal parton structure on intermediate scales, but the interplay of the emergent partons with collective magnon excitations of the surrounding AFM remains unexplored. Here we study a doped one-dimensional spin chain in a staggered magnetic field and demonstrate that it supports a zoo of various long-lived excitations. These include magnons; mesonic pairs of spinons and chargons, along with their ro-vibrational excitations; and tetra-parton bound states of mesons and magnons. We identify these types of quasiparticles in various spectra using DMRG simulations. Moreover, we introduce a strong-coupling theory describing the polaronic dressing and molecular binding of mesons to collective magnon excitations. The effective theory can be solved by standard tools developed for polaronic problems, and can be extended to study similar physics in two-dimensional doped AFMs in the future. Experimentally, the doped spin-chain in a staggered field can be directly realized in quantum gas microscopes.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, 5 appendices
ASHEE: a compressible, equilibrium-Eulerian model for volcanic ash plumes
Creators: name: Cerminara, Matteo
name: Ongaro, Tomaso Esposti
name: Berselli, Luigi Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76-02, 76T30, 76F05, 76F25, 76F45, 76F50, 76F65, 86-02, 86-08, 35-02, 65M08, 65M12, 65M50, 68N30, 68W10,

description: A new fluid-dynamic model is developed to numerically simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of polydisperse gas-particle mixtures forming volcanic plumes. Starting from the three-dimensional N-phase Eulerian transport equations for a mixture of gases and solid particles, we adopt an asymptotic expansion strategy to derive a compressible version of the first-order non-equilibrium model, valid for low concentration regimes and small particles Stokes $St<0.2$. When $St < 0.001$ the model reduces to the dusty-gas one. The new model is significantly faster than the Eulerian model while retaining the capability to describe gas-particle non-equilibrium. Direct numerical simulation accurately reproduce the dynamics of isotropic turbulence in subsonic regime. For gas-particle mixtures, it describes the main features of density fluctuations and the preferential concentration of particles by turbulence, verifying the model reliability and suitability for the simulation of high-Reynolds number and high-temperature regimes. On the other hand, Large-Eddy Numerical Simulations of forced plumes are able to reproduce their observed averaged and instantaneous properties. The self-similar radial profile and the development of large-scale structures are reproduced, including the rate of entrainment of atmospheric air. Application to the Large-Eddy Simulation of the injection of the eruptive mixture in a stratified atmosphere describes some of important features of turbulent volcanic plumes, including air entrainment, buoyancy reversal, and maximum plume height. Coarse particles partially decouple from the gas within eddies, modifying the turbulent structure, and preferentially concentrate at the eddy periphery, eventually being lost from the plume margins due to the gravity. By these mechanisms, gas-particle non-equilibrium is able to influence the large-scale behavior of volcanic plumes.
description: 29 pages, 22 figures
Proposal for a Nuclear Light Source
Creators: name: Tkalya, E. V.
name: Borisyuk, P. V.
name: Domashenko, M. S.
name: Lebedinskii, Yu. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper considers a principal possibility of creating a nuclear light source of the vacuum ultra violet (VUV) range based on the $^{229}$Th nucleus. This nuclear light source can help to solve two main problems -- excitation of the low-lying $^{229m}$Th isomer and precision measurement of the nuclear isomeric transition energy. The Thorium nuclear light source is based on the nuclei implanted in a thin dielectric film with a large bandgap. While passing an electric current through the sample, the $^{229}$Th nuclei are excited to the low energy isomeric state $3/2^+(8.19\pm0.12$ eV) in the process of inelastic scattering of conduction electrons. The subsequent spontaneous decay of $^{229m}$Th is followed by the emission of $γ$ quanta in the VUV range. The luminosity of the Thorium nuclear light source is approximately $10^5$~photons/s per 1~A of current and per 1~ng of $^{229}$Th. The suggested scheme to obtain $γ$ radiation from the $^{229m}$Th isomer can be considered as a kind of nuclear analogue of the optical radiation from the usual metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
The effects of customization and recommendation source on reader perceptions of a news website
Creators: name: Beier, Jean
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This thesis examines the effects of customization and recommendation source on reader perceptions of a news website. It contributes to the existing literature by examining the influence of these variables in concert as well as in isolation. It seeks to strengthen our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying persuasion in online news by exploring the role of several potential mediators: perceived relevance, novelty, interactivity, and involvement. It investigates the impact on perceived credibility, quality, and representativeness of articles presented on the website. It details the methods and results of an experiment (N=106) designed to examine the research questions. Results indicate that customization has a positive psychological effect on attitude toward the website and that the relationship is mediated by perceived relevance and interactivity. Findings suggest that recommendation source has no significant effect on attitude toward the website or articles. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Excited doubly heavy baryons production via top-quark decays
Creators: name: Ma, Hong-Hao
name: Niu, Juan-Juan
name: Zheng, Xu-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of NRQCD, we calculate the production of excited doubly heavy baryons $Ξ_{bQ}$ through the semi-inclusive production process $t\rightarrow \langle bQ\rangle[n]\rightarrow Ξ_{bQ}+ \bar {Q} + W^+ $, where $Q= b$ or $c$ quark. The intermediate diquark state $\langle bQ\rangle[n]$ is in the excited $P$-wave state, including $[^1P_1]$ and $[^3P_J]$ ($J=$0, 1 or 2) in both color antitriplet state $\mathbf{\mathbf{\overline 3}}$ and color sixtuplet state $\mathbf{6}$, that is, $\langle bc\rangle[^{1}P_{1}]_{\mathbf{\overline 3}/ \mathbf{6}}$, $\langle bc\rangle[^{3}P_{J}]_{\mathbf{\overline 3}/ \mathbf{6}}$, $\langle bb\rangle[^{1}P_{1}]_{\mathbf{\overline 3}}$, and $\langle bb\rangle[^{3}P_{J}]_{\mathbf{6}}$. We find that the contributions from the P-wave states are about one order lower than the S-wave contributions, and this conclusion is consistent with others. We also analyze the invariant mass and angle differential distributions, and the theoretical uncertainty from the mass parameters and the renormalization scale. Finally, we can expect that about $1.14 \times10^{3-5}$ events of excited $Ξ_{bc}$ and $2.47 \times10^{1-3}$ events of excited $Ξ_{bb}$ can be produced per year at the LHC or HL-LHC with $\mathcal{L}$ =$10^{34-36}~\rm{cm}^{-2}~\rm{s}^{-1}$.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables. Some typos have been corrected and rewrite some sentences. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1810.03834
Estimating proportions by group retesting with unequal group sizes at each stage
Creators: name: Hu, Yusang
name: Walter, S. D.
name: Hepworth, Graham
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: The group testing procedure divides sampled units into several groups, and then obtains an overall test result for each group. It is used to identify specific individuals who have a given attribute, or to estimate the overall prevalence of the attribute in the population. We here investigate how group retesting can improve precision of estimation and its cost-efficiency, which are important considerations for investigators. Retesting uses two or more group stages, with repeat testing of the original samples at each stage. Previous authors have proposed a procedure with two stages having equal group sizes, and where the number of groups tested at the second stage is based on the number of positive groups in the first stage. In this paper, our main focus is on estimating the prevalence p of affected individuals in a population, and identifying cost-efficient experimental designs, when using two-stage testing with unequal group sizes at each stage. We use analytical solutions for the precision of estimation, together with simulations to evaluate various experimental designs. We consider the value of retesting at the second stage, and determine when using only one stage of testing might be sufficiently precise.
The impact of neutrino-nucleus interaction modeling on new physics searches
Creators: name: Coyle, Nina M.
name: Li, Shirley Weishi
name: Machado, Pedro A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate neutrino-nucleus interaction modeling is an essential requirement for the success of the accelerator-based neutrino program. As no satisfactory description of cross sections exists, experiments tune neutrino-nucleus interactions to data to mitigate mis-modeling. In this work, we study how the interplay between near detector tuning and cross section mis-modeling affects new physics searches. We perform a realistic simulation of neutrino events and closely follow NOvA's tuning, the first published of such procedures in a neutrino experiment. We analyze two illustrative new physics scenarios, sterile neutrinos and light neutrinophilic scalars, presenting the relevant experimental signatures and the sensitivity regions with and without tuning. While the tuning does not wash out sterile neutrino oscillation patterns, cross section mis-modeling can bias the experimental sensitivity. In the case of light neutrinophilic scalars, variations in cross section models completely dominate the sensitivity regardless of any tuning. Our findings reveal the critical need to improve our theoretical understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions, and to estimate the impact of tuning on new physics searches. We urge neutrino experiments to follow NOvA's example and publish the details of their tuning procedure, and to develop strategies to more robustly account for cross section uncertainties, which will expand the scope of their physics program.
Some reverse $l_p$-type inequalities involving certain quasi monotone sequences
Creators: name: Potapov, Mikhail K.
name: Berisha, Faton M.
name: Berisha, Nimete Sh.
name: Kadriu, Reshad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47A30, Secondary 26D15

description: In this paper, we give some $l_p$-type inequalities about sequences satisfying certain quasi monotone type properties. As special cases, reverse $l_p$-type inequalities for non-negative decreasing sequences are obtained. The inequalities are closely related to Copson's and Leindler's inequalities, but the sign of the inequalities is reversed.
description: 7 pages, Communicated in the Eighth Congress of Romanian Mathematicians, Iasi, Romania, 2015
Emergent Conformal Symmetry of Quantum Hall States on Singular surfaces
Creators: name: Laskin, M.
name: Chiu, Y. H.
name: Can, T.
name: Wiegmann, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that quantum Hall states on surfaces with conical singularities behave as conformal primaries near the singular points, with a conformal dimension controlled by the gravitational anomaly. We show that the electronic fluid at the cone tip possesses an intrinsic angular momentum equal to the conformal dimension, in units of the Planck constant. Finally, we argue that the gravitational anomaly also controls { the fine structure of electronic density at the tip, and } the exchange statistics of cones in the Laughlin states, arising from adiabatically braiding conical singularities. Thus, the gravitational anomaly, which appears as a finite size correction on smooth surfaces, dominates geometric transport on singular surfaces.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Controlling properties of a hybrid Cooper pair box interacting with a nanomechanical resonator in the presence of Kerr nonlinearities and losses
Creators: name: Valverde, C.
name: Castro, A. N.
name: Baseia, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Jaynes-Cummings model describing the interaction of a Cooper pair box (CPB) and a nanoresonator (NR) in the presence of a Kerr medium and losses The evolution of the entropy of both subsystems and the CPB population inversion were calculated numerically. It is found that these properties increase when the NR frequency is time-dependent, even in the presence of losses; the effect is very sensitive to detuning and disappears in the resonant regime. The roles played by the losses affecting the CPB and the NR are also compared.
description: 13 figures
Valence and magnetism in $\rm EuPd_3S_4$ and $\rm (Y,La)_xEu_{1-x}Pd_3S_4$
Creators: name: Ryan, D. H.
name: Bud'ko, Sergey L.
name: Kuthanazhi, Brinda
name: Canfield, Paul C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $^{151}$Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that yttrium substitution in mixed-valent $\rm EuPd_3S_4$ drives the initial 50:50 mix of Eu$^{3+}$ and Eu$^{2+}$ towards pure Eu$^{2+}$, whereas lanthanum substitution has the opposite effect, but only for substitution levels above 50\%. We find that total valence electron count and chemical pressure effects cannot account for the observed behaviour, however conserving the cell volume provides a consistent description of the changes in the Eu$^{2+}$:Eu$^{3+}$ ratio. Remarkably, lanthanum substitution also leads to a clear transition from static mixed-valent behavior at lower temperatures to dynamic mixed valent behavior at higher temperatures, with the onset temperature monotonically increasing with Eu content and extrapolating to a value of $\sim$340~K for the pure $\rm EuPd_3S_4$ compound. Magnetic order persists at least as far as x=0.875 in both series, despite the drastic reduction in the amount of moment-carrying Eu$^{2+}$ ions.
description: 16 pages, 26 figures
CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo
Creators: name: Pratiwi, Rarastoeti
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: This study aims to elaborate on the association of CCL2, IL18, IL23, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expressions with the anti-proliferative effect of electro capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) on rat breast tumor tissue.
Cocaine Abstinence Alters Nucleus Accumbens Firing Dynamics During Goal-directed Behaviors for Cocaine and Sucrose
Creators: name: Cameron, Courtney Marie
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: Distinct subsets of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons differentially encode goal-directed behaviors for natural versus drug rewards, and the encoding of cocaine-seeking is altered following cocaine abstinence. Here, electrophysiological recordings were made to determine if NAc selective encoding of natural versus cocaine reward is: (1) maintained when the natural reinforcer is highly palatable and (2) altered by cocaine abstinence. Rats (n=14) were trained on a sucrose/intravenous cocaine multiple schedule and NAc activity was recorded before and after 30 days cocaine abstinence. Before abstinence, the majority of NA neurons displayed nonoverlapping patterns of activity during the task. After abstinence, this pattern was largely maintained; however, more neurons became selectively activated during cocaine- versus- sucrose-seeking. The results indicate that although the selective encoding of cocaine and natural rewards is maintained even with a highly palatable substance, 30 days of cocaine abstinence dynamically alters overall population encoding of natural and drug rewards.
Deterministic chaos in the X-Ray sources
Creators: name: Grzedzielski, M.
name: Sukova, P.
name: Janiuk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hardly any of the observed black hole accretion disks in X-Ray binaries and active galaxies shows constant flux. When the local stochastic variations of the disk occur at specific regions where a resonant behaviour takes place, there appear the Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs). If the global structure of the flow and its non-linear hydrodynamics affects the fluctuations, the variability is chaotic in the sense of deterministic chaos. Our aim is to solve a problem of the stochastic versus deterministic nature of the black hole binaries vari- ability. We use both observational and analytic methods. We use the recurrence analysis and we study the occurence of long diagonal lines in the recurrence plot of observed data series and compare it to the sur- rogate series. We analyze here the data of two X-Ray binaries - XTE J1550-564, and GX 339-4 observed by Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. In these sources, the non-linear variability is expected because of the global conditions (such as the mean accretion rate) leading to the pos- sible instability of an accretion disk. The thermal-viscous instability and fluctuations around the fixed-point solution occurs at high accretion rate, when the radiation pressure gives dominant contribution to the stress tensor.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1506.02526
Beyond relativistic Lagrangian perturbation theory. I. An exact-solution controlled model for structure formation
Creators: name: Gaspar, Ismael Delgado
name: Buchert, Thomas
name: Ostrowski, Jan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new nonlinear method to model structure formation in general relativity from a generalization of the relativistic Lagrangian perturbation schemes, controlled by Szekeres (and LTB) exact solutions. The overall approach can be interpreted as the evolution of a deformation field on an inhomogeneous reference model, obeying locally Friedmann-like equations. In the special case of locally one-dimensional deformations, the new model contains the entire Szekeres family of exact solutions. As thus formulated, this approach paraphrases the Newtonian and relativistic Zel'dovich approximations, having a large potential for applications in contexts where relativistic degrees of freedom are relevant. Numerical simulations are implemented to illustrate the capabilities and accuracy of the model.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, matches published version in PRD
A convolutional neural network to distinguish glitches from minute-long gravitational wave transients
Creators: name: Boudart, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave bursts are transient signals distinct from compact binary mergers that arise from a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena. Because most of these phenomena are poorly modeled, the use of traditional search methods such as matched filtering is excluded. Bursts include short ($<$10 seconds) and long (from 10 to a few hundreds of seconds) duration signals for which the detection is constrained by environmental and instrumental transient noises called glitches. Glitches contaminate burst searches, reducing the amount of useful data and limiting the sensitivity of current algorithms. It is therefore of primordial importance to locate and distinguish them from potential burst signals. In this paper, we propose to train a convolutional neural network to detect glitches in the time-frequency space of the cross-correlated LIGO noise. We show that our network is retrieving more than 95$\%$ of the glitches while being trained only on a subset of the existing glitch classes highlighting the sensitivity of the network to completely new glitch classes.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
A relativistic description of MOND using the Palatini formalism in an extended metric theory of gravity
Creators: name: Barrientos, E.
name: Mendoza, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a relativistic metric description of MOND using the Palatini formalism following the \( f(χ)=χ^b \) description of \citet{mendozatula}. We show that in order to recover the non-relativistic MOND regime where, for circular orbits the Tully-Fisher law replaces Kepler's third law, the value of the parameter $ b = 3/2 $, which is coincident with the value found using a pure metric formalism Capozziello et al. (2011). Unlike the pure metric formalism, which yields 4th order field equations, the Palatini approach yields second order field equations, which is a desirable requirement from a theoretical perspective. Thus, the phenomenology associated to astrophysical phenomena with Tully-Fisher scalings can be accounted for using this proposal, without the need to introduce any non-baryonic dark matter particles.
description: 7 pages