cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing the accuracy of compound formation energies with quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Isaacs, Eric B.
name: Shin, Hyeondeok
name: Annaberdiyev, Abdulgani
name: Wolverton, Chris
name: Mitas, Lubos
name: Benali, Anouar
name: Heinonen, Olle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurately predicting the formation energy of a compound, which describes its thermodynamic stability, is a key challenge in materials physics. Here, we employ many-body quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) with single-reference trial functions to compute the formation energy of two electronically disparate compounds, the intermetallic VPt$_2$ and the semiconductor CuI, for which standard density functional theory (DFT) predictions using both the Perdew-Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) and the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) density functional approximations deviate markedly from available experimental values. For VPt$_2$, we find an agreement between QMC, SCAN, and PBE0 estimates, which therefore remain in disagreement with the much less exothermic experimental value. For CuI, the QMC result agrees with neither SCAN nor PBE pointing towards DFT exchange-correlation biases, likely related to the localized Cu $3d$ electrons. Compared to the behavior of some density functional approximations within DFT, spin-averaged QMC exhibits a smaller but still appreciable deviation when compared to experiment. The QMC result is slightly improved by incorporating spin-orbit corrections for CuI and solid I$_2$, so that experiment and theory are brought into imperfect but reasonable agreement within about 120~meV/atom.
"ANALYZING THE INFLUENCE OF FEEDBACK STRATEGIES ON ORAL PROFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS"
Creators: name: Menglibekov, Reypnazar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Effective oral proficiency is a critical goal in second language acquisition, influencing communicative competence and learner confidence. Central to this process are feedback strategies employed by instructors, which play a pivotal role in guiding learners towards linguistic accuracy and fluency. Despite their acknowledged importance, the specific impacts of various feedback approaches on oral proficiency remain underexplored in current literature. This study seeks to address this gap by investigating how different feedback strategies influence oral proficiency development among second language learners. By examining these strategies systematically, this research aims to provide insights that inform more effective language teaching practices.
Physics-assisted Generative Adversarial Network for X-Ray Tomography
Creators: name: Guo, Zhen
name: Song, Jung Ki
name: Barbastathis, George
name: Glinsky, Michael E.
name: Vaughan, Courtenay T.
name: Larson, Kurt W.
name: Alpert, Bradley K.
name: Levine, Zachary H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: X-ray tomography is capable of imaging the interior of objects in three dimensions non-invasively, with applications in biomedical imaging, materials science, electronic inspection, and other fields. The reconstruction process can be an ill-conditioned inverse problem, requiring regularization to obtain satisfactory results. Recently, deep learning has been adopted for tomographic reconstruction. Unlike iterative algorithms which require a distribution that is known a priori, deep reconstruction networks can learn a prior distribution through sampling the training distributions. In this work, we develop a Physics-assisted Generative Adversarial Network (PGAN), a two-step algorithm for tomographic reconstruction. In contrast to previous efforts, our PGAN utilizes maximum-likelihood estimates derived from the measurements to regularize the reconstruction with both known physics and the learned prior. Compared with methods with less physics assisting in training, PGAN can reduce the photon requirement with limited projection angles to achieve a given error rate. The advantages of using a physics-assisted learned prior in X-ray tomography may further enable low-photon nanoscale imaging.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2111.08011
Linking atmospheric chemistry of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b to its formation location through infrared transmission and emission spectra
Creators: name: Dash, Spandan
name: Majumdar, Liton
name: Willacy, Karen
name: Tsai, Shang-Min
name: Turner, Neal
name: Rimmer, P. B.
name: Gudipati, Murthy S.
name: Lyra, Wladimir
name: Bhardwaj, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elemental ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters may hold clues to their formation locations in the protostellar disc. In this work, we adopt gas phase chemical abundances of C, N and O from several locations in a disc chemical kinetics model as sources for the envelope of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b and evolve the planet's atmospheric composition using a 1D chemical kinetics model, treating both vertical mixing and photochemistry. We consider two atmospheric pressure-temperature profiles, one with and one without a thermal inversion. From each of the resulting 32 atmospheric composition profiles, we find that the molecules CH4, NH3, HCN, and C2H2 are more prominent in the atmospheres computed using a realistic non-inverted P-T profile in comparison to a prior equilibrium chemistry based work which used an analytical P-T profile. We also compute the synthetic transmission and emission spectra for these atmospheres and find that many spectral features vary with the location in the disc where the planet's envelope was accreted. By comparing with the species detected using the latest high-resolution ground-based observations, our model suggests HD 209458b could have accreted most of its gas between the CO2 and CH4 icelines with a super solar C/O ratio from its protostellar disc, which in turn directly inherited its chemical abundances from the protostellar cloud. Finally, we simulate observing the planet with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and show that differences in spectral signatures of key species can be recognized. Our study demonstrates the enormous importance of JWST in providing new insights into hot Jupiter's formation environments.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 28 Pages, 11 figures, 2 Tables (Appendix: 5 Figures, 1 Table)
Electron Weibel instability induced magnetic fields in optical-field ionized plasmas
Creators: name: Zhang, Chaojie
name: Wu, Yipeng
name: Sinclair, Mitchell
name: Farrell, Audrey
name: Marsh, Kenneth A.
name: Hua, Jianfei
name: Petrushina, Irina
name: Vafaei-Najafabadi, Navid
name: Kupfer, Rotem
name: Kusche, Karl
name: Fedurin, Mikhail
name: Pogorelsky, Igor
name: Polyanskiy, Mikhail
name: Huang, Chen-Kang
name: Lu, Wei
name: Mori, Warren B.
name: Joshi, Chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generation and amplification of magnetic fields in plasmas is a long-standing topic that is of great interest to both plasma and space physics. The electron Weibel instability is a well-known mechanism responsible for self-generating magnetic fields in plasmas with temperature anisotropy and has been extensively investigated in both theory and simulations, yet experimental verification of this instability has been challenging. Recently, we demonstrated a new experimental platform that enables the controlled initialization of highly nonthermal and/or anisotropic plasma electron velocity distributions via optical-field ionization. Using an external electron probe bunch from a linear accelerator, the onset, saturation and decay of the self-generated magnetic fields due to electron Weibel instability were measured for the first time to our knowledge. In this paper, we will first present experimental results on time-resolved measurements of the Weibel magnetic fields in non-relativistic plasmas produced by Ti:Sapphire laser pulses (0.8 $μm$) and then discuss the feasibility of extending the study to quasi-relativistic regime by using intense $\rm CO_2$ (e.g., 9.2 $μm$) lasers to produce much hotter plasmas.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Effect of iron vacancies on the magnetic order and spin dynamics of the spin ladder BaFe$_{2-δ}$S$_{1.5}$Se$_{1.5}$
Creators: name: Liu, Zengjia
name: Ni, Xiao-Sheng
name: Li, Lisi
name: Sun, Hualei
name: Liang, Feixiang
name: Frandsen, Benjamin A.
name: Christianson, Andrew D.
name: Cruz, Clarina dela
name: Xu, Zhijun
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Lynn, Jeffrey W.
name: Birgeneau, Robert J.
name: Cao, Kun
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-one-dimensional iron chalcogenides possess various magnetic states depending on the lattice distortion, electronic correlations, and presence of defects. We present neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the spin ladder compound BaFe$_{2-δ}$S$_{1.5}$Se$_{1.5}$ with $\sim$6% iron vacancies. The data reveal that long-range magnetic order is absent, while the characteristic magnetic excitations that correspond to both the stripe- and block-type antiferromagnetic correlations are observed. First-principles calculations support the existence of both stripe and block-type antiferromagnetic short-range order in the experimental sample. The disappearance of long-range magnetic order may be due to the competition between these two magnetic orders, which is greatly enhanced for a certain concentration of iron vacancies, which we calculate to be about 6%, consistent with the measured iron vacancy concentration. Our results highlight how iron vacancies in the iron-based spin ladder system strongly influence the magnetic ground state.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
title: The mechanochemical Friedel‐Crafts polymerization as a solvent‐free cross‐linking approach toward microporous polymers
Creators: name: Krusenbaum, Annika
name: Geisler, Jonathan
name: Kraus, Fabien Joel Leon
name: Grätz, Sven
name: Höfler, Mark Valentin
name: Gutmann, Torsten
name: Borchardt, Lars
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons
Year: 2022

description: Herein we report the mechanochemical Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene (TPB) with two organochloride cross‐linking agents, dichloromethane (DCM) and chloroform (CHCl₃), respectively. During a thorough milling parameter evaluation, the DCM‐linked polymers were found to be flexible and extremely sensitive toward parameter changes, which even enables the synthesis of a polymer with a SSABET of 1670 m²/g, on par with the solution‐based reference. Contrary, CHCl₃‐linked polymers are exhibiting a rigid structure, with a high porosity that is widely unaffected by parameter changes. As a result, a polymer with a SSABET of 1280 m²/g could be generated in as little as 30 minutes, outperforming the reported literature analogue in terms of synthesis time and SSABET. To underline the environmental benefits of our fast and solvent‐free synthesis approach, the green metrics are discussed, revealing an enhancement of the mass intensity, mass productivity and the E‐factor, as well as of synthesis time and the work‐up in comparison to the classical synthesis. Therefore, the mechanochemical polymerization is presented as a versatile tool, enabling the generation of highly porous polymers within short reaction times, with a minimal use of chlorinated cross‐linker and with the possibility of a post polymerization modification.
A spectroscopic study of blue supergiant stars in Local Group spiral galaxies: Andromeda and Triangulum
Creators: name: Liu, Cheng
name: Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Urbaneja, Miguel A.
name: Huang, Yang
name: Zhang, Huawei
name: Zhao, Jingkun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-resolution LAMOST and Keck spectra of blue supergiant stars distributed over the disks of the Local Group spiral galaxies M 31 and M 33 are analyzed to determine stellar effective temperatures, gravities, metallicities, and reddening. Logarithmic metallicities at the center of the galaxies (in solar units) of $0.30\pm0.09$ and $0.11\pm0.04$ and metallicity gradients of $-0.37\pm0.13$ dex/$R_{25}$ and $-0.36\pm0.16$ dex/$R_{25}$ are measured for M 31 and M 33, respectively. For M 33 the 2-dimensional distribution of metallicity indicates a deviation from azimutal symmetry with an off-centre peak. The flux-weighted gravity-luminosity relationship of blue supergiant stars is used to determine a distance modulus of 24.51$\pm$0.13 mag for M 31 and 24.93$\pm$0.07 mag for M 33. For M 31 the flux-weighted gravity--luminosity relationship (FGLR) distance agrees well with other methods. For M 33 the FGLR-based distance is larger than the distances from Cepheids studies but it is in good agreement with work on eclipsing binaries, planetary nebulae , long-period variables, and the tip of the red giant branch.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables
Higgs physics confronts the $M_W$ anomaly
Creators: name: Di Luzio, Luca
name: Gröber, Ramona
name: Paradisi, Paride
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent high-precision measurement of the $W$ mass by the CDF collaboration is in sharp tension with the Standard Model prediction as obtained by the electroweak fit. If confirmed, this finding can only be explained in terms of new physics effects. In this work, we point out a generic connection between the $M_W$ anomaly and Higgs physics observables such as $h\toγγ, Zγ$ and the ratio $h\to ZZ/WW$. Moreover, we systematically classify new physics scenarios which can address the $M_W$ anomaly via a tree-level contribution to the $\hat T$ parameter. These include a real scalar triplet, a scalar quadruplet with the same hypercharge of the Higgs doublet, a $Z'$ boson, a vector triplet with unit hypercharge and a vector boson with the gauge quantum numbers of the Higgs doublet. These solutions to the $M_W$ anomaly are characterized by new physics states which are typically too heavy to be discovered in direct searches, but which might leave their imprints in Higgs physics.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Version to appear in Physics Letters B
Stellar halos from The Dragonfly Edge-on Galaxies Survey
Creators: name: Gilhuly, Colleen
name: Merritt, Allison
name: Abraham, Roberto
name: Danieli, Shany
name: Lokhorst, Deborah
name: Liu, Qing
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Greco, Johnny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the primary results from the Dragonfly Edge-on Galaxies Survey (DEGS), an exploration of the stellar halos of twelve nearby ($d < 25$ Mpc) edge-on disc galaxies with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array. The edge-on orientation of these galaxies allows their stellar halos to be explored with minimal obscuration by or confusion with the much brighter disc light. Galaxies in the sample span a range of stellar masses from $10^{9.68} - 10^{10.88} M_\odot$. We confirm that the wide range of stellar halo mass fractions previously seen for Milky Way-mass galaxies is also found among less massive spiral galaxies. The scatter in stellar halo mass fraction is large but we do find a significant positive correlation between stellar halo mass fraction and total stellar mass when the former is measured beyond five half-mass radii. Reasonably good agreement is found with predictions from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, although observed stellar halo fractions appear to be somewhat lower than expected from these simulations.
description: 35 pages plus 17 appendix pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Huge out-of-plane piezoelectric response in ferromagnetic monolayer NiClI
Creators: name: Guo, San-Dong
name: Zhu, Yu-Tong
name: Qin, Ke
name: Ang, Yee-Sin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of piezoelectricity and ferromagnetic (FM) order in a two-dimensional (2D) material, namely 2D piezoelectric ferromagnetism (PFM), may open up unprecedented opportunities for novel device applications. Here, we predict an in-plane FM semiconductor Janus monolayer NiClI with considerably large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 1.439 meV, exhibiting dynamic, mechanical and thermal stabilities. The NiClI monolayer possesses larger in-plane piezoelectricity ($d_{11}$$=$5.21 pm/V) comparable to that of $\mathrm{MoS_2}$. Furthermore, NiClI has huge out-of-plane piezoelectricity ($d_{31}$$=$1.89 pm/V), which is highly desirable for ultrathin piezoelectric device application. It is proved that huge out-of-plane piezoelectricity is robust against electronic correlation, which confirms reliability of huge $d_{31}$. Finally, being analogous to NiClI, PFM with large out-of-plane piezoelectricity can also be achieved in the Janus monolayers of NiClBr and NiBrI, with the predicted $d_{31}$ of 0.73 pm/V and 1.15 pm/V, respectively. The predicted huge out-of-plane piezoelectric response makes Janus monolayer NiClI a good platform for multifunctional semiconductor spintronic applications, which is also compatible with the bottom/top gate technologies of conventional semiconductor nanoelectronic devices.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Conditions for superradiant instability of the Kerr-Newman black holes
Creators: name: Myung, Yun Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find two conditions for superradiant instability of Kerr-Newman black holes under a charged massive scalar perturbation by analyzing asymptotic scalar potential and far-region wave function. Actually, they correspond to the condition for getting a trapping well. Also, we obtain the conditions for superradiant stability of Kerr-Newman black holes which states that there is no trapping well. The analysis is applied to Kerr black holes to find a condition for superradiant instability.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, a version to appear in PRD
Candidate high-redshift protoclusters and lensed galaxies in the Planck list of high-z sources overlapping with Herschel-SPIRE imaging
Creators: name: Lammers, Caleb
name: Hill, Ryley
name: Lim, Seunghwan
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Cañameras, Raoul
name: Dole, Hervé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Planck list of high-redshift source candidates (the PHz catalogue) contains 2151 peaks in the cosmic infrared background, unresolved by Planck's 5 arcmin beam. Follow-up spectroscopic observations have revealed that some of these objects are $z \approx 2$ protoclusters and strong gravitational lenses, but an unbiased survey has not yet been carried out. To this end, we have used archival Herschel-SPIRE observations to study a uniformly-selected sample of 187 PHz sources. In contrast with follow-up studies that were biased towards bright, compact sources, we find that only one of our PHz sources is a bright gravitationally-lensed galaxy (peak flux $\gtrsim 300$ mJy), indicating that such objects are rarer in the PHz catalogue than previously believed ($< 1$ per cent). The majority of our PHz sources consist of many red, star-forming galaxies, demonstrating that typical PHz sources are candidate protoclusters. However, our new PHz sources are significantly less bright than found in previous studies and differ in colour, suggesting possible differences in redshift and star-formation rate. Nonetheless, 40 of our PHz sources contain $> 3σ$ galaxy overdensities, comparable to the fraction of $> 3σ$ overdensities found in earlier biased studies. We additionally use a machine-learning approach to identify less extreme (peak flux $\sim 100$ mJy) gravitationally-lensed galaxies among Herschel-SPIRE observations of PHz sources, finding a total of seven candidates in our unbiased sample, and 13 amongst previous biased samples. Our new uniformly-selected catalogues of $> 3σ$ candidate protoclusters and strong gravitational lenses provide interesting targets for follow up with higher-resolution facilities, such as ALMA and JWST.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The relationship between negative gossip in the workplace and the job performance of gossip employees: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Xin, Zhaoyang
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: There is a close relationship between negative gossip in the workplace and the job performance of employees who are gossip. However, there are many inconsistencies in the results of relevant research, and the relevant debate has formed two different views. Social information processing theory believes that negative gossip in the workplace can improve employees' performance pressure, and then improve employees' performance. Therefore, there is a significant positive correlation between negative gossip in the workplace and employees' performance, while social identity theory believes that negative gossip in the workplace will reduce employees' organizational identity, which will make gossip employees psychologically separate from the organization, thereby weakening their efforts for the success of the organization, The final performance is the reduction of performance. Therefore, there is a significant negative correlation between negative gossip in the workplace and employee performance. In addition, from the size of the correlation coefficient between the two in the existing research reports, there is also a great difference in the relationship between the two. The correlation coefficient is reported from -0.53 to 0.23. Therefore, there is still no unified conclusion on the correlation between negative gossip in the workplace and employee performance. In order to solve the disputes in this research field and reduce the impact of previous studies on the research results by factors such as sample size, sampling method, gender, etc, This study intends to use the meta-analysis method to aggregate the existing research in this field, and explore the potential regulatory factors that may exist between the two relations, so as to draw a more accurate conclusion from a macro perspective.
Inequality and Support for Public Goods
Creators: name: Matthews, Scott
name: Jacobs, Alan
name: Hicks, Timothy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: American Politics
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between economic inequality and support for public goods. More specifically, we seek to examine how exposure to information about income inequality shapes Americans’ level of support for a costly new investment in a popular public good (repairs to surface transportation infrastructure).
Quantum phases of spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupled bosonic gases in optical lattices
Creators: name: Cao, Rui
name: Han, Jinsen
name: Wu, Jianhua
name: Yuan, Jianmin
name: He, Lianyi
name: Li, Yongqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in understanding exotic quantum phases. In this work, we present a scheme to combine spin-orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling and strong correlations in ultracold atomic gases. Essential ingredients of this setting is the interplay of SOAM coupling and Raman-induced spin-flip hopping, engineered by lasers that couples different hyperfine spin states. In the presence of SOAM coupling only, we find rich quantum phases in the Mott-insulating regime, which support different types of spin defects such as spin vortex and composite vortex with antiferromagnetic core surrounded by the outer spin vortex. Based on an effective exchange model, we find that these competing spin textures are a result of the interplay of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and Heisenberg exchange interactions. In the presence of both SOAM coupling and Raman-induced spin-flip hopping, more many-body phases appear, including canted-antiferromagnetic and stripe phases. Our prediction suggests that SOAM coupling could induce rich exotic many-body phases in the strongly interacting regime.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Fragmentation of the $^4$He$_2$ dimer by relativistic highly charged projectiles in collisions with small kinetic energy release
Creators: name: Najjari, B.
name: Zhang, S. F.
name: Ma, X.
name: Voitkiv, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the fragmentation of the helium dimer, $^4$He$_2$, into singly charged ions in collisions with relativistic highly-charged projectiles. We discuss the main mechanisms driving this process with the focus on the fragmentation caused by direct ionization of both atomic sites of the dimer in a single collision with the projectile. This direct mechanism dominates the He$_2$ $\to $ He$^+$ + He$^+$ breakup events with the kinetic energies of the emerging ionic fragments below $4$--$5$ eV. We explore the energy and angular distributions of the He$^+$ ions produced in collisions with $1$ and $7$ GeV/u U$^{92+}$ projectiles and show that their shape is significantly affected by relativistic and higher-order effects in the interaction between the projectile and the dimer. We also show that the shape of the energy spectrum is quite sensitive to the binding energy of the He$_2$ dimer which can be exploited for its precise determination. The contribution of the direct mechanism to the total cross section for the He$_2$ fragmentation by $1$ and $7$ GeV/u U$^{92+}$ was calculated to be $3.65$ Mb and $2.4$ Mb, respectively, representing roughly half of this cross section.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Ram pressure stripping in the z~0.5 galaxy cluster MS 0451.6-0305
Creators: name: Durret, Florence
name: Degott, Lucie
name: Lobo, Catarina.
name: Ebeling, Harald
name: Jauzac, Mathilde
name: Tam, Sut-Ieng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pressure exerted by the ambient hot X-ray gas on cluster galaxies can lead to the presence of ram pressure stripped (RPS) galaxies, characterized by asymmetric shapes, and, in some cases, tails of blue stars and/or X-ray gas, with increased star formation. We searched for such galaxies in the cluster MS 0451.6-0305 at z~0.5, based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging covering a region of about 6x6 Mpc^2, an eight magnitude ground-based catalogue with photometric redshifts, and a spectroscopic redshift catalogue. We defined as cluster members a spectroscopic redshift sample of 359 galaxies within 4sigma_v of the mean cluster velocity, and a photometric redshift sample covering the [0.48,0.61] range. We searched for RPS galaxies and tested the error on their classification with a Zooniverse collaboration, and computed the phase space diagram for the spectroscopic sample. We ran the LePhare stellar population synthesis code to analyze and compare the properties of RPS and non-RPS galaxies. We find 56 and 273 RPS candidates in the spectroscopic and photometric redshift samples, respectively, distributed throughout the cluster and tending to avoid high density regions. The phase space diagram gives the percentages of virialized, backsplash, and infall galaxies. RPS galaxy candidates typically show rather high star formation rates, young ages, and relatively low masses. This study confirms that RPS galaxies host, on average, younger stellar populations and strongly form stars when compared with non-RPS counterparts. The fact that RPS candidates with spectroscopic and with photometric redshifts have comparable properties shows that large samples of such objects could be gathered based on multi-band photometry only, a promising result in view of future very large imaging surveys.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
PRISMA 2020 Checklist and Flowchart
Creators: name: Pramudyo, Miftah
name: Putra, Iwan Cahyo Santosa
name: Kamarullah, William
name: Prameswari, Hawani Sasmaya
name: Saboe, Aninka
name: Akbar, Mohammad Rizki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cardiology

description: This PRISMA 2020 checklist was used to improve the transparency of our manuscript entitled Elevated shock index and modified shock index are associated with mortality and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. .
title: Influence of natural organic matter in the transport medium on fine particle transport
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuhong
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2018

description: Although extensive research has been conducted to understand the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on fine particle transport, less attention has been paid to NOM in the transport medium (i.e., immobile rock and sediment grains). The objective of this study is to the roles of NOM in the transport medium in mediating particle transport. We conducted an experimental and modelling study on the transport of nanoscale titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) and illite colloid in columns packed with quartz sand under water-saturated conditions. Peat moss was used as an example NOM and packed in some of the columns to investigate its influence on particle transport. Experimental results showed that NOM may either increase or decrease particle transport depending on the specific conditions. NOM in the transport medium was found to attract particles and reduce particle mobility when the energy barrier between particle and NOM is low or non-existent. NOM also adsorbed to Fe and Al oxyhydroxides and promoted the transport of negatively-charged particles at low pH. Partial dissolution of NOM releases DOM, and the DOM adsorbs to and increases the transport of positively-charged particles. Additionally, NOM changes pore water pH, which influences particle mobility by affecting the interaction energy between the particle and transport medium. Modelling results showed that the deposition sites of peat moss are very heterogeneous, and the NOM from peat moss may reduce particle deposition rate by adsorbing to the particle and/or transport medium. Findings from this study demonstrates that NOM in the transport medium not only changes properties of the medium, but also may alter water chemistry. Therefore, the role of NOM in mediating particle transport is complicated and dependent on the properties of the particle, NOM, and mineralogical composition of the medium.
The COS CGM Compendium. IV. Effects of Varying Ionization Backgrounds on Metallicity Determinations in the z < 1 Circumgalactic Medium
Creators: name: Gibson, Justus L.
name: Lehner, Nicolas
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
name: Howk, J. Christopher
name: Cooksey, Kathy L.
name: Fox, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallicity estimates of circumgalactic gas based on absorption line measurements typically require photoionization modeling to account for unseen ionization states. We explore the impact of uncertainties in the extreme ultraviolet background (EUVB) radiation on such metallicity determinations for the z < 1 circumgalactic medium (CGM). In particular, we study how uncertainties in the power-law slope of the EUV radiation, $\mathrm{α_{EUVB}}$, from active galactic nuclei affect metallicity estimates in a sample of 34 absorbers with HI column densities between 15.25 < log ($\mathrm{N_{HI}}$ / $\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$) < 17.25 and measured metal ion column densities. We demonstrate the sensitivity of metallicity estimates to changes in the EUV power-law slope of active galactic nuclei, $\mathrm{α_{EUVB}}$, at low redshift (z < 1), showing derived absorber metallicities increase on average by approximately 0.3 dex as the EUV slope is hardened from $\mathrm{α_{EUVB}}$ = -2.0 to -1.4. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of photoionization models with $\mathrm{α_{EUVB}}$ as a free parameter to derive metallicities for these absorbers. The current sample of absorbers does not provide a robust constraint on the slope, $\mathrm{α_{EUVB}}$, itself; we discuss how future analyses may provide stronger constraints. Marginalizing over the uncertainty in the slope of the background, we find the average uncertainties in the metallicity determinations increase from 0.08 dex to 0.14 dex when switching from a fixed EUVB slope to one that freely varies. Thus, we demonstrate that EUVB uncertainties can be included in ionization models while still allowing for robust metallicity inferences.
description: 42 figures (34 in appendix), 3 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
PRISMA 2020 checklist
Creators: name: Pramudyo, Miftah
name: Putra, Iwan Cahyo Santosa
name: Kamarullah, William
name: Prameswari, Hawani Sasmaya
name: Saboe, Aninka
name: Akbar, Mohammad Rizki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cardiology

description: This PRISMA 2020 checklist and flowchart were used to improve the transparency of our manuscript entitled Elevated shock index and modified shock index are associated with mortality and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. .
title: In Situ Study of FePt Nanoparticles‐Induced Morphology Development during Printing of Magnetic Hybrid Diblock Copolymer Films
Creators: name: Cao, Wei
name: Yin, Shanshan
name: Bitsch, Martin
name: Liang, Suzhe
name: Plank, Martina
name: Opel, Matthias
name: Scheel, Manuel A.
name: Gallei, Markus
name: Janka, Oliver
name: Schwartzkopf, Matthias
name: Roth, Stephan V.
name: Müller‐Buschbaum, Peter
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2022

description: The development of magnetic hybrid films containing diblock copolymers (DBCs) and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) by printing is a highly promising method for scalable and low‐cost fabrication. During printing, the drying and arrangement kinetics of the DBC and magnetic NPs play an important role in the film formation concerning morphology and magnetic properties. In this study, the morphology evolution of ultrahigh molecular weight DBC polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) and magnetic iron platinum (FePt) NPs is investigated with grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) in situ during printing. For comparison, a pure DBC film is printed without FePt NPs under the same conditions. The GISAXS data suggest that the addition of NPs accelerates the solvent evaporation, leading to a faster film formation of the hybrid film compared to the pure film. As the solvent is almost evaporated, a metastable state is observed in both films. Compared with the pure film, such a metastable state continues longer during the printing process of the hybrid film because of the presence of FePt NPs, which inhibits the reorganization of the DBC chains. Moreover, investigations of the field‐dependent magnetization and temperature‐dependent susceptibility indicate that the printed hybrid film is superparamagnetic, which makes this film class promising for magnetic sensors.
Baryon Cycles in the Biggest Galaxies
Creators: name: Donahue, Megan
name: Voit, G. Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universe's biggest galaxies have both vast atmospheres and supermassive central black holes. This article reviews how those two components of a large galaxy couple and regulate the galaxy's star formation rate. Models of interactions between a supermassive black hole and the large-scale atmosphere suggest that the energy released as cold gas clouds accrete onto the black hole suspends the atmosphere in a state that is marginally stable to formation of cold clouds. A growing body of observational evidence indicates that many massive galaxies, ranging from the huge central galaxies of galaxy clusters down to our own Milky Way, are close to that marginal state. The gas supply for star formation within a galaxy in such a marginal state is closely tied to the central velocity dispersion (sigma_v) of its stars. We therefore explore the consequences of a model in which energy released during blackhole accretion shuts down star formation when sigma_v exceeds a critical value determined by the galaxy's supernova heating rate.
description: Updated post page proofs. 272 pages, 68 figures, 666 references, PHYSICS REPORTS invited review. Immediate open access, note: 109 pages in the published page-set version available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157322001302?via%3Dihub
Architecture of planetary systems predicted from protoplanetary disks observed with ALMA II: evolution outcomes and dynamical stability
Creators: name: Wang, Shijie
name: Kanagawa, Kazuhiro D.
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent ALMA observations on disk substructures suggest the presence of embedded protoplanets in a large number disks. The primordial configurations of these planetary systems can be deduced from the morphology of the disk substructure and serve as initial conditions for numerical investigation of their future evolution. Starting from the initial configurations of 12 multi-planetary systems deduced from ALMA disks, we carried out two-stage N-body simulation to investigate the evolution of the planetary systems at the disk stage as well as the long term orbital stability after the disk dispersal. At the disk stage, our simulation includes both the orbital migration and pebble/gas accretion effects. We found a variety of planetary systems are produced and can be categorised into distant giant planets, Jupiter-like planets, Neptune-like planets and distant small planets. We found the disk stage evolution as well as the final configurations are sensitive to both the initial mass assignments and viscosity. After the disk stage, we implement only mutual gravity between star and planets and introduce stochastic perturbative forces. All systems are integrated for up to 10 Gyr to test their orbital stability. Most planetary systems are found to be stable for at least 10 Gyr with perturbative force in a reasonable range. Our result implies that a strong perturbation source such as stellar flybys is required to drive the planetary system unstable. We discuss the implications of our results on both the disk and planet observation, which may be confirmed by the next generation telescopes such as JWST and ngVLA.
description: 41 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Characterizing the Advective Hot Flows of Nova-Like Cataclysmic Variables in the X-rays: The case of BZ Cam and V592 Cas
Creators: name: Balman, Şölen
name: Schlegel, Eric M.
name: Godon, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a joint spectral analysis of ROSAT PSPC, Swift XRT, and NuSTAR FPMA/B data of the nova-like (NL) cataclysmic variables (CVs), BZ Cam and V592 Cas in the 0.1-78.0 keV band. Plasma models of collisional equilibrium fail to model the 6.0-7.0 iron line complex and continuum with $χ^2_ν$ larger than 2.0. Our results show nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) conditions in the X-ray plasma with temperatures of 8.2-9.4 keV and 10.0-12.9 keV for BZ Cam and V592 Cas, respectively. The centroids of He-like and H-like iron ionization lines are not at their equilibrium values as expected from NEI conditions. We find power law spectral components that reveal the existence of scattering and Comptonization with a photon index of 1.50-1.87. We detect a P Cygni profile in the H-like iron line of BZ Cam translating to outflows of 4500-8700 km s$^{-1}$ consistent with the fast winds in the optical and UV. This is the first time such a fast collimated outflow is detected in the X-rays from an accreting CV. An Iron K$α$ line around 6.2-6.5 keV is found revealing the existence of reflection effects in both sources. We study the broadband noise and find that the optically thick disk truncates in BZ Cam and V592 Cas consistent with transition to an advective hot flow structure. V592 Cas also exhibits a quasi-periodic oscillation at 1.4$^{+2.6}_{-0.3}$ mHz. In general, we find that the two NLs portray spectral and noise characteristics as expected from advective hot accretion flows at low radiative efficiency.
description: 19 pages, 2 Tables, 5 Figures (13 individual); Astrophysical Journal in Press, subject to minor changes during the production process
title: Mechanical tailoring of dislocation densities in SrTiO₃ at room temperature
Creators: name: Okafor, Chukwudalu
name: Ding, Kuan
name: Zhou, Xiandong
name: Durst, Karsten
name: Rödel, Jürgen
name: Fang, Xufei
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022

description: Dislocation‐tuned functional properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and ferroelectric properties in oxides are attracting increasing research interest. A prerequisite for harvesting these functional properties in oxides requires successful introduction and control of dislocation density and arrangement without forming cracks, which is a great challenge due to their brittle nature. Here, we report a simple method to mechanically tailor the dislocation densities in single‐crystal perovskite SrTiO₃. By using a millimeter‐sized Brinell indenter, dislocation densities from ∼10¹⁰ to ∼10¹³ m⁻² are achieved by increasing the number of indenting cycles. Depending on tip radius and indenting load, large and crack‐free plastic zones over hundreds of micrometers are created. The dislocation multiplication mechanisms are discussed, and the work hardening in the plastic zone is evaluated by micro‐hardness measurement as a function of dislocation density. This simple approach opens many new opportunities in the area of dislocation‐tuned functional and mechanical studies.
Effects of spatial resolution on inferences of atmospheric quantities from simulations
Creators: name: Moe, Thore E.
name: Pereira, Tiago M. D.
name: Carlsson, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small scale processes are thought to be important for the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. While numerical resolution fundamentally limits their inclusion in MHD simulations, real observations at the same nominal resolution should still contain imprints of sub-resolution effects. This means that the synthetic observables from a simulation of given resolution might not be directly comparable to real observables at the same resolution. It is thus of interest to investigate how inferences based on synthetic spectra from simulations with different numerical resolutions compare, and whether these differences persist after the spectra have been spatially degraded to a common resolution. We aim to compare synthetic spectra obtained from realistic 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic (rMHD) simulations run at three different numerical resolutions from the same initial atmosphere, using very simple methods for inferring line-of-sight velocities and magnetic fields. Additionally we examine how the differing spatial resolution impacts the results retrieved from the STiC inversion code. We find that while the simple inferences for all three simulations reveal the same large-scale tendencies, the higher resolutions yield more fine-grained structures and more extreme line-of-sight velocities/magnetic fields in concentrated spots even after spatial smearing. We also see indications that the imprints of sub-resolution effects on the degraded spectra result in systematic errors in the inversions, and that these errors increase with the amount of sub-resolution effects included. Fortunately, however, we find that including successively more sub-resolution yields smaller additional effects; i.e. there is a clear trend of diminishing importance for progressively finer sub-resolution effects.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the Masses of Two Mini-Neptunes with HPF
Creators: name: Beard, Corey
name: Robertson, Paul
name: Kanodia, Shubham
name: Libby-Roberts, Jessica
name: Canas, Caleb I.
name: Gupta, Arvind F.
name: Holcomb, Rae
name: Jones, Sinclaire
name: Kobulnicky, Henry A.
name: Lin, Andrea S. J.
name: Lubin, Jack
name: Maney, Marissa
name: Parker, Brock A.
name: Stefansson, Gudmundur
name: Cochran, William D.
name: Endl, Michael
name: Hebb, Leslie
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Wisniewski, John
name: Bender, Chad F.
name: Diddams, Scott A.
name: Everett, Mark
name: Fredrick, Connor
name: Halverson, Samuel
name: Hearty, Fred
name: Metcalf, Andrew J.
name: Monson, Andrew
name: Ninan, Joe P.
name: Roy, Arpita
name: Schutte, Maria
name: Schwab, Christian
name: Terrien, Ryan C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the validation of two planets orbiting M dwarfs, TOI-1696b and TOI-2136b. Both planets are mini-Neptunes orbiting nearby stars, making them promising prospects for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope. We validated the planetary nature of both candidates using high contrast imaging, ground-based photometry, and near-infrared radial velocities. Adaptive Optics images were taken using the ShARCS camera on the 3 m Shane Telescope. Speckle images were taken using the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. Radii and orbital ephemerides were refined using a combination of TESS, the diffuser-assisted ARCTIC imager on the 3.5m ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and the 0.6 m telescope at Red Buttes Observatory. We obtained radial velocities using the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder on the 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which enabled us to place upper limits on the masses of both transiting planets. TOI-1696b (P = 2.5 days; R$_{p}$ = 3.24 R$_{\oplus}$; M$_{p}$ $<$ 56.6 M$_{\oplus}$) falls into a sparsely-populated region of parameter space considering its host star's temperature (T$_{\rm{eff}}$ = 3168 K, M4.5), as planets of its size are quite rare around mid to late M dwarfs. On the other hand, TOI-2136b (P = 7.85 days; R$_{p}$ = 2.09 R$_{\oplus}$; M$_{p}$ $<$ 15.0 M$_{\oplus}$) is an excellent candidate for atmospheric follow-up with JWST.
description: Accepted for Publication in the Astronomical Journal