cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Étude de la relation enseignant-élèves en 1re année du primaire dans le cadre d’une comparaison des systèmes éducatifs québécois et français
Creators: name: RICS, Revue
name: HAÏAT, SEVERINE
name: Charron, Annie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Primary education

description: Cette recherche qualitative porte sur la relation enseignant-élèves en 1re année du primaire dans le cadre d’une comparaison des systèmes éducatifs québécois et français. De nombreuses recherches (Espinosa, 2020 ; Fortin et al., 2011 ; Roffey, 2012; Virat, 2019) montrent qu’une relation enseignant-élèves de qualité est un élément majeur du bien-être social et psychologique de l’enseignant et de l’élève, mais qu’elle permet également la réussite éducative et scolaire des élèves. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, six enseignantes de 1re année de l’école primaire, dont trois québécoises et trois françaises, ont pris part à un entretien semi-dirigé qui a permis de recueillir leurs représentations et leurs pratiques déclarées au regard de la qualité de leur relation avec leurs élèves. Les résultats montrent des similitudes et des différences entre les deux systèmes éducatifs, notamment que les enseignantes françaises semblent accorder davantage d’importance aux apprentissages, contrairement aux enseignantes québécoises qui semblent plutôt accorder de l’importance aux liens affectifs.
(500441) Edward Anthony Hedley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Geospatial forecasting of COVID-19 spread and risk of reaching hospital capacity
Creators: name: Sui, Hui
name: Segovia-Dominguez, Ignacio
name: Bobashev, Georgiy
name: Rineer, James
name: Gel, Yulia R.
name: Rhea, Sarah
Publisher: name: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2020

description: Prompt surveillance and forecasting of COVID-19 spread are of critical importance for slowing down the pandemic and for the success of any public mitigation efforts. However, as with any infectious disease with rapid transmission and high virulence, lack of COVID-19 observations for near-real-time forecasting is still the key challenge obstructing operational disease prediction and control. In this context, we can follow the two approaches to forecasting COVID-19 dynamics: based on mechanistic models and based on machine learning. Mechanistic models are better in capturing an epidemiological curve, using a low amount of data, and describing the overall trajectory of the disease dynamics, hence, providing long-term insights into where the disease might go. Machine learning, in turn, can provide more precise data-driven forecasts especially in the short-term horizons, while suffering from limited interpretability and usually requiring backlog history on the infectious disease. We propose a unified reinforcement learning framework that combines the two approaches. That is, long-term trajectory forecasts are used in machine learning techniques to forecast local variability which is not captured by the mechanistic model.
Immersions of the circle into a surface
Creators: name: Melikhov, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify immersions $f$ of $S^1$ in a $2$-manifold $M$ in terms of elementary invariants: the parity $S(f)$ of the number of double points of a self-transverse $C^1$-approximation of $f$, and the turning number $T(e\bar f)$ of the immersion $e\bar f:S^1\to M_f\subset\Bbb R^2$, where $\bar f$ is a lift of $f$ to the cover $M_f$ of $M$ corresponding to the subgroup $\left\subsetπ_1(M)$. Namely, immersions $f,g:S^1\to M$ are regular homotopic if and only if they are homotopic, and if $M=S^2$ or $\Bbb R P^2$ or the normal bundle $ν(f)$ is non-orientable, then $S(f)=S(g)$, whereas if $M\not= S^2,\Bbb R P^2$ and $ν(f)$, $ν(g)$ have orientations $o$, $o'$, compatible with respect to the homotopy, then $T(e_o\bar f)=T(e_{o'}\bar g)$, where $e_o$ is a standard embedding of the oriented surface $M_f$ (an annulus or a plane) in $\Bbb R^2$. In fact, for homotopic immersions $f$, $g$ both $S(f)-S(g)$ and $T(e_o\bar f)-T(e_{o'}\bar g)$ boil down to the turning number of a lift of a null-homotopic immersion $f\# g^*$ to the universal cover of $M$. Here "immersions" $S^1\to M$ are either smooth or topological; we include a smoothing theorem, which shows that there is no difference. We also classify immersions of a graph in $M$ up to regular homotopy in terms of the invariants $S(f)$ and $T(e_o\bar f)$ of immersed $S^1$'s. The proofs are based on the h-principle. The point of this unsophisticated note is to simplify [10] and [11], where a classification of immersions of a graph in $M$ was obtained for $M\ne\Bbb R P^2$ in terms of a rather laboriously defined "winding number" of a pair of homotopic immersions $S^1\to M$ (rather than of an individual immersion) with respect to a given vector field with zeroes on $M$.
description: In Russian. 17 pages; v4: added an introduction
Tetrahedral mesh improvement using moving mesh smoothing, lazy searching flips, and RBF surface reconstruction
Creators: name: Dassi, Franco
name: Kamenski, Lennard
name: Farrell, Patricio
name: Si, Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N50, 65M50, 65L50, 65K10

description: Given a tetrahedral mesh and objective functionals measuring the mesh quality which take into account the shape, size, and orientation of the mesh elements, our aim is to improve the mesh quality as much as possible. In this paper, we combine the moving mesh smoothing, based on the integration of an ordinary differential equation coming from a given functional, with the lazy flip technique, a reversible edge removal algorithm to modify the mesh connectivity. Moreover, we utilize radial basis function (RBF) surface reconstruction to improve tetrahedral meshes with curved boundary surfaces. Numerical tests show that the combination of these techniques into a mesh improvement framework achieves results which are comparable and even better than the previously reported ones.
description: Revised and improved version
The Emergence of Colonial Unity
Creators: name: Serna Diaz, Anthony
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: American Revolution
subject: Stamp Act Congress
subject: Social Network Analysis
subject: Autocatalysis
subject: Emergence
subject: Stamp Act
subject: SNA
subject: American History
subject: Early American History
subject: Political Sciences
subject: Colonial History
subject: Intercolonial Relations
subject: Thirteen Colonies
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Structural Analysis
subject: History
subject: Political Factionalism
subject: Founding Fathers
subject: Founding of the United States
subject: American Republic
subject: United States
subject: Stamp Act Crisis

description: Understanding the creation of the United States has proved to be deceptively tricky for most of the literature; nationalism and ideology have stood in the way of studying it without mythologizing. The Emergence of Colonial Unity proposes that we study the early stages of American unity by examining the first episode of widespread intercolonial cooperation without Imperial intervention- The Stamp Act Congress. It uses the autocatalytic framework developed by Prof. Padgett, alongside the tools of social network analysis, complex scientific studies, prosopography, documentary research, and historiographical inquiry to present a different explanation for the emergence of colonial unity that transformed into the organizational novelty of the United States. It argues that intercolonial unity did not develop in a single episode, instead it was the culmination of individual autocatalytic networks inside the North American colonies -then moving towards neither independence nor unity- which were primed for tipping when the Stamp Act was passed, thereby leading to the wholesale tipping and folding of these networks when they converged in the Stamp Act Congress of 1765. The Emergence concludes that had it not been for the various manners in which the Stamp Act affected internal political and kinship networks -regardless of their position on it- set thirteen of the British colonies on path-dependency towards further intercolonial integration and eventually unity- not in one fell swoop but by emerging out of the complex system of North American networks.
Improved quantum algorithms for linear and nonlinear differential equations
Creators: name: Krovi, Hari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present substantially generalized and improved quantum algorithms over prior work for inhomogeneous linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE). Specifically, we show how the norm of the matrix exponential characterizes the run time of quantum algorithms for linear ODEs opening the door to an application to a wider class of linear and nonlinear ODEs. In Berry et al., (2017), a quantum algorithm for a certain class of linear ODEs is given, where the matrix involved needs to be diagonalizable. The quantum algorithm for linear ODEs presented here extends to many classes of non-diagonalizable matrices. The algorithm here is also exponentially faster than the bounds derived in Berry et al., (2017) for certain classes of diagonalizable matrices. Our linear ODE algorithm is then applied to nonlinear differential equations using Carleman linearization (an approach taken recently by us in Liu et al., (2021)). The improvement over that result is two-fold. First, we obtain an exponentially better dependence on error. This kind of logarithmic dependence on error has also been achieved by Xue et al., (2021), but only for homogeneous nonlinear equations. Second, the present algorithm can handle any sparse, invertible matrix (that models dissipation) if it has a negative log-norm (including non-diagonalizable matrices), whereas Liu et al., (2021) and Xue et al., (2021) additionally require normality.
description: In the latest version, the use of rescaling in the quantum algorithm for nonlinear differential equations is clarified. The conditions for lemmas 16 and 17 are stated more clearly and a new lemma is added to the appendix
title: Functional morphology and feeding behaviour of barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch) larvae in intensive aquaculture
Creators: name: Pearce, MG
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 1997

description: High operating costs are identified as a problem with the intensive larval culture of barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch). One solution to reduce these costs is to decrease the time the larvae spend in the hatchery being fed live rotifers and brine shrimp nauplii. The overall aim of this study was to describe developmental morphology and feeding behaviour of the larvae under present rearing conditions in order to examine areas where growth and survival can be improved. Larvae displayed diurnal feeding behaviour and consumed prey during daylight hours from day 4 to 10. Prey availability became limited after day 12 with all prey being consumed from the tanks from day 13 onwards. By day 16, all prey were consumed, digested and excreted by larvae within 4 hours after addition of prey to tanks. The ability of larvae to start consuming brine shrimp nauplii was predicted to occur between 2.55 and 4.55 mm TL using measurements of mouth gape and prey size. Larvae actually began consuming brine shrimp nauplii at 3.28 mm TL. The majority of larvae began to consume brine shrimp nauplii between 3.99 and 4.33 mm TL. Larvae reared under continuous lighting had the best growth rates during the rotifer feeding stage (day 2 - 10). However, larvae reared in 16 hour light and 8 hour dark had the best growth rates for the brine shrimp feeding stage (day 8 - 20). Survival was not significantly different (P>0.05) between treatments during the rotifer feeding stage but was higher for larvae reared in 8 hour light and 16 hour dark from day 8 - 20. Larvae reared in the black containers grew more quickly than larvae reared in white and transparent containers for the rotifer feeding stage (days 2 - 10). However, tank colouration had no effect on growth or survival of larvae for the brine shrimp feeding stage (days 8 - 20). Brine shrimp nauplii availability levels to obtain maximum growth and survival of larvae was investigated between days 8 - 23. Brine shrimp nauplii availability levels increased from 120 individuals/larva/feed from day 8 - 15 to 750 individuals/larva/feed from day 15 - 20. This research showed that the rearing conditions presently used for barramundi larvae can be modified to substantially improve growth and survival. Recommended changes to photoperiod and tank colour would reduce the rotifer feeding stage by 4 days, representing a significant reduction in overall production costs.
Ensemble Estimation of Generalized Mutual Information with Applications to Genomics
Creators: name: Moon, Kevin R.
name: Sricharan, Kumar
name: Hero, Alfred O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mutual information is a measure of the dependence between random variables that has been used successfully in myriad applications in many fields. Generalized mutual information measures that go beyond classical Shannon mutual information have also received much interest in these applications. We derive the mean squared error convergence rates of kernel density-based plug-in estimators of general mutual information measures between two multidimensional random variables $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ for two cases: 1) $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ are continuous; 2) $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ may have any mixture of discrete and continuous components. Using the derived rates, we propose an ensemble estimator of these information measures called GENIE by taking a weighted sum of the plug-in estimators with varied bandwidths. The resulting ensemble estimators achieve the $1/N$ parametric mean squared error convergence rate when the conditional densities of the continuous variables are sufficiently smooth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nonparametric mutual information estimator known to achieve the parametric convergence rate for the mixture case, which frequently arises in applications (e.g. variable selection in classification). The estimator is simple to implement and it uses the solution to an offline convex optimization problem and simple plug-in estimators. A central limit theorem is also derived for the ensemble estimators and minimax rates are derived for the continuous case. We demonstrate the ensemble estimator for the mixed case on simulated data and apply the proposed estimator to analyze gene relationships in single cell data.
description: Published in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory in 2021; 42 pages, 3 figures; a shorter version of this paper was published at IEEE ISIT 2017 under the title "Ensemble estimation of mutual information"
title: Swiss Permafrost Bulletin 2018/2019
Creators: name: Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network
Publisher: name: Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network (PERMOS)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Swiss Permafrost Bulletin annually describes the state and changes of permafrost in the Swiss Alps based on the data obtained in the framework of the Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network PERMOS.
title: Image reconstruction for MRI with a rotating RF coil
Creators: name: Phair, AR
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2020

description: A novel data acquisition method in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) utilising a Rotating Radio-Frequency Coil (RRFC) has recently been developed as an alternative to a single volume coil or a surface coil array. Herein, we explore the problem of image reconstruction from data acquired using an RRFC with radial k-space trajectories and develop two distinct reconstruction approaches. The first method we introduce is WARF (a weighted-sum approach to radial MRI image reconstruction with a rotating RF coil), which is built on the assumption that each image pixel may be considered as a weighted sum of all acquired k-space data, as is implicitly the case in several established methods. The problem is thus posed as one of solving for the weights directly. WARF is applied to both simulated and experimental data sets, where it is shown to produce good quality reconstructions and an improved robustness to both variation in the rotational coil velocity and deviations in the k-space trajectory. Although WARF is developed for radial RRFC data, neither the radial trajectory nor the rotating coil is explicitly incorporated into the theory. As such, we also utilise simulations to consider the efficacy of WARF when applied to a range of acquisition schemes, including data acquired with spiral and PROPELLER trajectories, radial data acquired with a stationary parallel array and data acquired from accelerated RRFC acquisitions. The second method we present utilises Hankel transforms to reconstruct data from radial k-space to a Cartesian image, avoiding the interpolation in image-space that has been present in previous Hankel transform-based methods. A SPIRiT-like approach is developed to synthesise missing radial data for undersampled radial trajectories acquired with either an RRFC or a parallel array, yielding fully-sampled radial k-spaces to which our Hankel transform technique can be readily applied. Finally, the method is validated using simulated data sets.
Theory of magnetism in La$_2$NiMnO$_6$
Creators: name: Sanyal, Prabuddha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetism of ordered and disordered La$_2$NiMnO$_6$ is explained using a model involving double exchange and superexchange. The concept of majority spin hybridization in the large coupling limit is used to explain the ferromagnetism of La$_2$NiMnO$_6$ as compared to the ferrimagnetism of Sr$_{2}$FeMoO$_{6}$. The ferromagnetic insulating ground state in the ordered phase is explained. The essential role played by the Ni-Mn superexchange between the Ni $e_{g}$ electron spins and the Mn $t_{2g}$ core electron spins in realizing this ground state, is outlined. In presence of antisite disorder, the model system is found to exhibit a tendency of becoming a spin-glass at low temperatures, while it continues to retain a ferromagnetic transition at higher temperatures, similar to recent experimental observations [D. Choudhury .et.al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 127201 (2012)]. This reentrant spin-glass or reentrant ferromagnetic behaviour is explained in terms of the competition of the ferromagnetic double exchange between the Ni $e_{g}$ and the Mn $e_{g}$ electrons, and the ferromagnetic Ni-Mn superexchange, with the antiferromagnetic antisite Mn-Mn superexchange.
description: 9 figures
(500443) Mary Thew
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Critical COVID Metric: Your ED Staff Infection Rate
Creators: name: McLean, Samuel A.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description: If you are like me, in recent days you have experienced
moments of fear. Feelings like when you
woke up in bed at night as a kid, and saw a dark shadow
in the corner, and wondered if it was going to
get you. If you are like me, in recent days you have
also experienced awe at so many triumphs over such
fear, individual, and collective – our 65-year-old ED
clerk showing up to their shift, through great anxiety,
or healthcare providers boarding buses heading into
the teeth of the Wuhan epidemic. The pages of AEM
this month provide further examples of such triumphs,
of individuals in a time and place of great stress overcoming
the impulse to curl up and focus on themselves,
and instead expanding beyond themselves to
help others. This is the finest tradition of humanity
and medicine, and all of these efforts at service
through science inspire and give heart.
Numerical simulation of polynomial-speed convergence phenomenon
Creators: name: Li, Yao
name: Xu, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J22, 82C05, 82C80

description: We provide a hybrid method that captures the polynomial speed of convergence and polynomial speed of mixing for Markov processes. The hybrid method that we introduce is based on the coupling technique and renewal theory. We propose to replace some estimates in classical results about the ergodicity of Markov processes by numerical simulations when the corresponding analytical proof is difficult. After that, all remaining conclusions can be derived from rigorous analysis. Then we apply our results to two 1D microscopic heat conduction models. The mixing rate of these two models are expected to be polynomial but very difficult to prove. In both examples, our numerical results match the expected polynomial mixing rate well.
Likelihood-based Inference for Exponential-Family Random Graph Models via Linear Programming
Creators: name: Krivitsky, Pavel N.
name: Kuvelkar, Alina R.
name: Hunter, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article discusses the problem of determining whether a given point, or set of points, lies within the convex hull of another set of points in $d$ dimensions. This problem arises naturally in a statistical context when using a particular approximation to the loglikelihood function for an exponential family model; in particular, we discuss the application to network models here. While the convex hull question may be solved via a simple linear program, this approach is not well known in the statistical literature. Furthermore, this article details several substantial improvements to the convex hull-testing algorithm currently implemented in the widely used 'ergm' package for network modeling.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Particle Transformer for Jet Tagging
Creators: name: Qu, Huilin
name: Li, Congqiao
name: Qian, Sitian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Jet tagging is a critical yet challenging classification task in particle physics. While deep learning has transformed jet tagging and significantly improved performance, the lack of a large-scale public dataset impedes further enhancement. In this work, we present JetClass, a new comprehensive dataset for jet tagging. The JetClass dataset consists of 100 M jets, about two orders of magnitude larger than existing public datasets. A total of 10 types of jets are simulated, including several types unexplored for tagging so far. Based on the large dataset, we propose a new Transformer-based architecture for jet tagging, called Particle Transformer (ParT). By incorporating pairwise particle interactions in the attention mechanism, ParT achieves higher tagging performance than a plain Transformer and surpasses the previous state-of-the-art, ParticleNet, by a large margin. The pre-trained ParT models, once fine-tuned, also substantially enhance the performance on two widely adopted jet tagging benchmarks. The dataset, code and models are publicly available at https://github.com/jet-universe/particle_transformer.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Accepted to the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2022. v3: fixed a typo on the interaction matrix dimensionality in Sec. 4
Dirac and nodal line magnons in three-dimensional antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Li, Kangkang
name: Li, Chenyuan
name: Hu, Jiangping
name: Li, Yuan
name: Fang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the topological properties of magnon excitations in three-dimensional antiferromagnets, where the ground state configuration is invariant under time-reversal followed by space-inversion ($PT$-symmetry). We prove that Dirac points and nodal lines, the former being the limiting case of the latter, are the generic forms of symmetry-protected band crossings between magnon branches. As a concrete example, we study a Heisenberg spin model for a "spin-web" compound, Cu$_3$TeO$_6$, and show the presence of the magnon Dirac points assuming a collinear magnetic structure. Upon turning on symmetry-allowed Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions, which introduce a small non-collinearity in the ground state configuration, we find that the Dirac points expand into nodal lines with nontrivial $Z_2$-topological charge, a new type of nodal lines unpredicted in any materials so far.
description: PRL accepted version
Quantum Experiments and Graphs: Multiparty States as coherent superpositions of Perfect Matchings
Creators: name: Krenn, Mario
name: Gu, Xuemei
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a surprising link between experimental setups to realize high-dimensional multipartite quantum states and Graph Theory. In these setups, the paths of photons are identified such that the photon-source information is never created. We find that each of these setups corresponds to an undirected graph, and every undirected graph corresponds to an experimental setup. Every term in the emerging quantum superposition corresponds to a perfect matching in the graph. Calculating the final quantum state is in the complexity class #P-complete, thus cannot be done efficiently. To strengthen the link further, theorems from Graph Theory -- such as Hall's marriage problem -- are rephrased in the language of pair creation in quantum experiments. We show explicitly how this link allows to answer questions about quantum experiments (such as which classes of entangled states can be created) with graph theoretical methods, and potentially simulate properties of Graphs and Networks with quantum experiments (such as critical exponents and phase transitions).
description: 6+5 pages, 4+7 figures
(500442) James Allen
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
COVID-19, stress, trauma, and peer support—observations from the field
Creators: name: Castellano, Cherie
name: Luu, Samantha L
name: Fisher, Edwin B
name: Valovcin, Dawn Dreyer
name: Evans, Megan
name: Tang, Patrick Y
name: Miller, Suzanne M
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2020

description: Beyond morbidity and mortality, COVID-19 broadly
affects individuals, families, and communities [1–7].
From the fundamentals of food and housing to
threats of disease and death to reported increased
cases of domestic violence and suicide, impacts of
the pandemic are panoramic. In addition to being
widespread, they extend forward to years of economic
recovery while the histories of 9/11 and hurricanes
forecast delayed and persistent emergence
of psychological problems. Surely no panacea, its
broad benefits in disease prevention and management,
mental health, and community development
[8–12] suggests peer support may make substantial
contributions to coping with the varied and continuing
threats of COVID-19.
Amorphous topological insulators constructed from random point sets
Creators: name: Mitchell, Noah P.
name: Nash, Lisa M.
name: Hexner, Daniel
name: Turner, Ari
name: Irvine, William T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery that the band structure of electronic insulators may be topologically non-trivial has unveiled distinct phases of electronic matter with novel properties. Recently, mechanical lattices have been found to have similarly rich structure in their phononic excitations, giving rise to protected uni-directional edge modes whose existence was demonstrated in lattices of interacting gyroscopes and coupled pendula. In all these cases, however, as well as in other topological metamaterials, the underlying structure was finely tuned, be it through periodicity, quasi-periodicity or isostaticity. Here we show that amorphous mechanical Chern insulators consisting of interacting gyroscopes can be readily constructed from arbitrary underlying structures, including hyperuniform, jammed, quasi-crystalline, and uniformly random point sets. While our findings apply to mechanical and electronic systems alike, we focus on networks of interacting gyroscopes as a model system. Local decoration control the topology of the vibrational spectrum, endowing amorphous structures with protecting edge modes -- with a chirality of choice. Using a real-space generalization of the Chern number, we investigate the topology of our structures numerically, analytically and experimentally. The robustness of our approach enables the topological design and self-assembly of non-crystalline topological metamaterials on the micro and macro scale.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Constrained Neutrino Mass Matrix and Majorana Phases
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Pralay
name: Dey, Manash
name: Roy, Subhankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We endeavor to constrain the neutrino mass matrix on the phenomenological ground and procure model-independent textures by emphasizing on the simple linear relationships among the mass matrix elements. These simple textures predict the two Majorana phases. In this regard, two types of parametrization of neutrino mass matrix: general and exponential are employed. We obtain fifty-three predictive neutrino mass matrix textures, out of which twenty-eight are associated with the general parametrization, and the rest belong to the exponential one. Apart from Type-A/P textures, the rest deal with the prediction of a few other oscillation parameters as well. We try to realize the proposed textures in the light of $A_4$, $Δ\,(27)$ and $T_7$ symmetry groups.
Covariate powered cross-weighted multiple testing
Creators: name: Ignatiadis, Nikolaos
name: Huber, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental task in the analysis of datasets with many variables is screening for associations. This can be cast as a multiple testing task, where the objective is achieving high detection power while controlling type I error. We consider $m$ hypothesis tests represented by pairs $((P_i, X_i))_{1\leq i \leq m}$ of p-values $P_i$ and covariates $X_i$, such that $P_i \perp X_i$ if $H_i$ is null. Here, we show how to use information potentially available in the covariates about heterogeneities among hypotheses to increase power compared to conventional procedures that only use the $P_i$. To this end, we upgrade existing weighted multiple testing procedures through the Independent Hypothesis Weighting (IHW) framework to use data-driven weights that are calculated as a function of the covariates. Finite sample guarantees, e.g., false discovery rate (FDR) control, are derived from cross-weighting, a data-splitting approach that enables learning the weight-covariate function without overfitting as long as the hypotheses can be partitioned into independent folds, with arbitrary within-fold dependence. IHW has increased power compared to methods that do not use covariate information. A key implication of IHW is that hypothesis rejection in common multiple testing setups should not proceed according to the ranking of the p-values, but by an alternative ranking implied by the covariate-weighted p-values.
description: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 2021
Direct Comparison of In-Person Versus Virtual Interviews for Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellowship in the COVID-19 Era
Creators: name: Kim, Hong Jin
name: Donohue, Sean J.
name: Meyers, Michael O.
name: Ollila, David W.
name: Grova, Monica M.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description: BackgroundIn the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many Complex General Surgical Oncology (CGSO) fellowship programs implemented virtual interviews (VI) during the 2020 interview season. At our institution, we had the unique opportunity to conduct an in-person interview (IPI) prior to the pandemic-related travel restrictions, and a VI after the restrictions were in place.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to understand how the VI model compares with the traditional IPI approach.MethodsOnline surveys were distributed to both groups, collecting feedback on their interview experience. Responses were evaluated using a two-sample t test assuming equal variances.ResultsTwenty-three of 26 (88%) applicants completed the survey. Most applicants reported that the interview gave them a satisfactory understanding of the CGSO fellowship (100% IPI, 92% VI) and the majority in both groups felt that the interview experience allowed them to accurately represent themselves (92% and 82%, respectively). All participants in the IPI group felt they were able to get an adequate understanding of the culture of the program, while only 64% in the VI group agreed with that statement (p = 0.02). IPI applicants were more likely to agree that the interview experience was sufficient to allow them to make a ranking decision (92% vs. 54%; p = 0.04).ConclusionsWhile the VI modality offers several advantages over the IPI, it still falls short in conveying some of the more subjective aspects of the programs, including program culture. Strategies to provide applicants with better insight into these areas during the VI will be important moving forward.
Curriculum-based Reinforcement Learning for Distribution System Critical Load Restoration
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiangyu
name: Eseye, Abinet Tesfaye
name: Knueven, Bernard
name: Liu, Weijia
name: Reynolds, Matthew
name: Jones, Wesley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper focuses on the critical load restoration problem in distribution systems following major outages. To provide fast online response and optimal sequential decision-making support, a reinforcement learning (RL) based approach is proposed to optimize the restoration. Due to the complexities stemming from the large policy search space, renewable uncertainty, and nonlinearity in a complex grid control problem, directly applying RL algorithms to train a satisfactory policy requires extensive tuning to be successful. To address this challenge, this paper leverages the curriculum learning (CL) technique to design a training curriculum involving a simpler steppingstone problem that guides the RL agent to learn to solve the original hard problem in a progressive and more effective manner. We demonstrate that compared with direct learning, CL facilitates controller training to achieve better performance. To study realistic scenarios where renewable forecasts used for decision-making are in general imperfect, the experiments compare the trained RL controllers against two model predictive controllers (MPCs) using renewable forecasts with different error levels and observe how these controllers can hedge against the uncertainty. Results show that RL controllers are less susceptible to forecast errors than the baseline MPCs and can provide a more reliable restoration process.
description: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
A generalized approach to model the spectra and radiation dose rate of solar particle events on the surface of Mars
Creators: name: Guo, Jingnan
name: Zeitlin, Cary
name: Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.
name: McDole, Thoren
name: Kuehl, Patrick
name: Appel, Jan C.
name: Matthiae, Daniel
name: Krauss, Johannes
name: Koehler, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For future human missions to Mars, it is important to study the surface radiation environment during extreme and elevated conditions. In the long term, it is mainly Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) modulated by solar activity that contributes to the radiation on the surface of Mars, but intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events may induce acute health effects. Such events may enhance the radiation level significantly and should be detected as immediately as possible to prevent severe damage to humans and equipment. However, the energetic particle environment on the Martian surface is significantly different from that in deep space due to the influence of the Martian atmosphere. Depending on the intensity and shape of the original solar particle spectra as well as particle types, the surface spectra may induce entirely different radiation effects. In order to give immediate and accurate alerts while avoiding unnecessary ones, it is important to model and well understand the atmospheric effect on the incoming SEPs including both protons and helium ions. In this paper, we have developed a generalized approach to quickly model the surface response of any given incoming proton/helium ion spectra and have applied it to a set of historical large solar events thus providing insights into the possible variety of surface radiation environments that may be induced during SEP events. Based on the statistical study of more than 30 significant solar events, we have obtained an empirical model for estimating the surface dose rate directly from the intensities of a power-law SEP spectra.
Interpreting COVID-19 and Virtual Care Trends: Cohort Study
Creators: name: Meng, Chenlu
name: Edson, Barbara
name: Gianforcaro, Robert
name: Xu, Yuxuan
name: Khairat, Saif
Publisher: name: JMIR Publications
Year: 2020

description: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading across the world. As of March 26, 2020, there are more than 500,000 cases and more than 25,000 deaths related to COVID-19, and the numbers are increasing by the hour.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the trends in confirmed COVID-19 cases in North Carolina, and to understand patterns in virtual visits related to symptoms of COVID-19.
METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of confirmed COVID-19 cases and patients using an on-demand, statewide virtual urgent care center. We collected data from February 1, 2020, to March 15, 2020. Institutional Review Board exemption was obtained prior to the study.
RESULTS: As of March, 18 2020, there were 92 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 733 total virtual visits. Of the total visits, 257 (35.1%) were related to COVID-19-like symptoms. Of the COVID-19-like visits, the number of females was 178 (69.2%). People in the age groups of 30-39 years (n=67, 26.1%) and 40-49 years (n=64, 24.9%) were half of the total patients. Additionally, approximately 96.9% (n=249) of the COVID-like encounters came from within the state of North Carolina. Our study shows that virtual care can provide efficient triaging in the counties with the highest number of COVID-19 cases. We also confirmed that the largest spread of the disease occurs in areas with a high population density as well as in areas with major airports.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of virtual care presents promising potential in the fight against COVID-19. Virtual care is capable of reducing emergency room visits, conserving health care resources, and avoiding the spread of COVID-19 by treating patients remotely. We call for further adoption of virtual care by health systems across the United States and the world during the COVID-19 pandemic.
title: Swiss Permafrost Bulletin 2019/2020
Creators: name: Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network
Publisher: name: Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network (PERMOS)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Swiss Permafrost Bulletin is published annually and describes the key results of the permafrost monitoring in the Swiss Alps based on the field-data obtained in the framework of the Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network PERMOS.
To breastfeed or not to breastfeed? Lack of evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk of pregnant women with COVID-19
Creators: name: Santos, Victor Santana
name: Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo
name: Santos, Hudson P.
Publisher: name: Pan American Health Organization
Year: 2020

description: A rapid systematic review was carried out to evaluate the current evidence related to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from pregnant women with COVID-19. Eight studies analyzing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the breast milk of 24 pregnant women with COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy were found. All patients had fever and/or symptoms of acute respiratory illness and chest computed tomography images indicative of COVID-19 pneumonia. Most pregnant women had cesarean delivery (91.7%) and two neonates had low birthweight (< 2 500 g). Biological samples collected immediately after birth from upper respiratory tract (throat or nasopharyngeal) of neonates and placental tissues showed negative results for the presence SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR test. No breast milk samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and, to date, there is no evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of pregnant women with COVID-19. However, data are still limited and breastfeeding of women with COVID-19 remains a controversial issue. There are no restrictions on the use of milk from a human breast milk bank.
(500444) Henry Edward Miles
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Hindman's Theorem in the hierarchy of Choice Principles
Creators: name: Fernández-Bretón, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 03E25, Secondary 03E35, 03E30, 03E65, 03E02, 03E05

description: In the context of $\mathsf{ZF}$, we analyze a version of Hindman's finite unions theorem on infinite sets, which normally requires the Axiom of Choice to be proved. We establish the implication relations between this statement and various classical weak choice principles, thus precisely locating the strength of the statement as a weak form of the $\mathsf{AC}$.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures. Last batch of minor changes to accurately reflect the final published version of the paper
Is the essence of a quantum game captured completely in the original classical game?
Creators: name: T, Muhammed Jabir
name: Vyas, Nilesh
name: Benjamin, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: S. J. van Enk and R. Pike in PRA 66, 024306 (2002) argue that the equilibrium solution to a quantum game isn't unique but is already present in the classical game itself. In this work, we contest this assertion by showing that a random strategy in a particular quantum (Hawk-Dove) game is unique to the quantum game. In other words, one cannot obtain the equilibrium solution of the quantum Hawk-Dove game in the classical Hawk-Dove game. Moreover, we provide an analytical solution to the quantum $2\times2$ strategic form Hawk-Dove game using randomly mixed strategies. The random strategy which we describe is Pareto optimal with their payoff classically unobtainable. We compare quantum strategies to correlated strategies and find that correlated strategies in the quantum Hawk-Dove game or quantum Prisoner's dilemma yield the Nash equilibrium solution.
description: 11 Pages, accepted for publication in Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications (2021)