cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A transatlantic gap in biosafety research: a comparison of Europe/U.S. research dynamics on the impact of GMOs
Creators: name: Bonneuil, Christophe
name: Bonneuil, Christophe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: While, in the 1970’s, the United States was distinguishable for stricter risk regulation and for more open and adversarial procedures, in comparison France’s risk/regulatory culture appeared deeply “technocratic”. At the end of the 1990’s the European and American positions as to risk regulation seemed to have reversed. This swing in positions, very clear throughout the history of the GMO controversy, obliges us to drop too “culturalist” explanations for some finer comparative analysis of the trajectory of public problems (Joly and Marris, 2003). It is at this crossroad between science studies and social problem sociology that we shall contextualise the question of the role played by science in this transatlantic swing. Some refer to “sound science” and others to the “precautionary principle” but to maintain the comparison at that level would mean to drop the various ways in which GM crops’ risks can be framed by scientists into a black box. Let us therefore reformulate the question: we shall not ask if Americans and Europeans have drawn upon “the science” in different ways, but instead if they have developed the same science, the same research on the effects and risks of GMOs. This approach allows us to put the question of ‘research governance’ at the very heart of the thinking on the precautionary principle (Stirling, 1999).
Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Dirac fermions in monolayer TaCoTe$_2$
Creators: name: Li, Si
name: Liu, Ying
name: Yu, Zhi-Ming
name: Jiao, Yalong
name: Guan, Shan
name: Sheng, Xian-Lei
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac point in two-dimensional (2D) materials has been a fascinating subject of research. Recently, it has been theoretically predicted that Dirac point may also be stabilized in 2D magnetic systems. However, it remains a challenge to identify concrete 2D materials which host such magnetic Dirac point. Here, based on first-principles calculations and theoretical analysis, we propose a stable 2D material, the monolayers TaCoTe$_2$, as an antiferromagnetic (AFM) 2D Dirac material. We show that it has an AFM ground state with an out-of-plane Néel vector. It hosts a pair of 2D AFM Dirac points on the Fermi level in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). When the SOC is considered, a small gap is opened at the original Dirac points. Meanwhile, another pair of Dirac points appear on the Brillouin zone boundary below the Fermi level, which are robust under SOC and have a type-II dispersion. Such a type-II AFM Dirac point has not been observed before. We further show that the location of this Dirac point as well as its dispersion type can be controlled by tuning the Néel vector orientation.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Minnesota Agricultural Economist No. 645
Creators: name: Downs, Donna
name: Smith, Matthew G.
name: Raup, Philip M.
name: Downs, Donna
name: Smith, Matthew G.
name: Raup, Philip M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use

description: The Minnesota Rural Real Estate Market in 1983
سواد رسانه ای: یک فراتحلیل علم شناسانه از اسناد و تولیدات علمی (1970-2019)
Creators: name: Baghestan, Abbas Ghanbari
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: هدف از این مقاله، مطالعه و تحلیل مسیر روند رشد تولیدات علمی در زمینه "سواد رسانه ای" در پایگاه استنادی "وب.آو.ساینس" است. روش این تحقیق، فراتحلیل از نوع "علم سنجی" است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، کلیه اسناد علمی تولید شده در پایگاه استنادی "وب.آو.ساینس"در بازه زمانی 1970 تا 2019 بوده است. نمونه تحقیق، در مرحله اول، 1671 سند علمی است که با موضوع "سواد رسانه ای" در این پایگاه استنادی منتشر شده­اند. در مرحله دوم، از بین 1671 سند علمی، 642 سند علمی که کلیدواژه "سواد رسانه­ای" در عنوان خود داشته اند، با هدف تحلیل مفهوم پردازی های صورت گرفته در آنها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته اند.در یک دهه اخیر، موضوع "سواد رسانه ای" توجه زیادی در حوزه ها و رشته های مختلف دانشگاهی به خود جلب است. با این همه و به رغم گستردگی مفهوم پردازی های صورت گرفته، توجه کمتری به انجام فراتحلیل از نوع علم سنجی در این زمینه صورت گرفته است.نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهد که توزیع جغرافیایی و زبانی تولید علمی در زمینه "سواد رسانه ای" به صورت ملموسی ناهمگن و به سمت کشورهای پیشرفته غربی جهت دار است. به لحاظ کیفی، موضوع "جوانان"، "آموزش"، "رفتار" و "تلویزیون" مهمترین محورهای مفهوم پردازی و مبنای تحقیقات تجربی در این زمینه بوده است. همچنین کشورهای درحال توسعه، به رغم مسایل مبتلا به، با توجه به فقدان حضورشان در شبکه بین المللی تحقیق و توسعه در این حوزه، نقش کمتری در گسترش ادبیات مربوط به "سواد رسانه ای" داشته اند.
Dissipative Transport: Thermal Contacts and Tunnelling Junctions
Creators: name: Froehlich, Juerg
name: Merkli, Marco
name: Ueltschi, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C10, 82C21, 82C35, 82C70

description: The general theory of simple transport processes between quantum mechanical reservoirs is reviewed and extended. We focus on thermoelectric phenomena, involving exchange of energy and particles. Entropy production and Onsager relations are relevant thermodynamic notions which are shown to emerge from the microscopic description. The theory is illustrated on the example of two reservoirs of free fermions coupled through a local interaction. We construct a stationary state and determine energy- and particle currents with the help of a convergent perturbation series. We explicitly calculate several interesting quantities to lowest order, such as the entropy production, the resistance, and the heat conductivity. Convergence of the perturbation series allows us to prove that they are strictly positive under suitable assumptions on the interaction between the reservoirs.
description: 55 pages; 2 figures
Geometry-assisted topological transitions in spin interferometry
Creators: name: Wang, M.
name: Saarikoski, H.
name: Reynoso, A. A.
name: Baltanás, J. P.
name: Frustaglia, D.
name: Nitta, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a series of topological transitions occurring in electronic spin transport when manipulating spin-guiding fields controlled by the geometric shape of mesoscopic interferometers. They manifest as distinct inversions of the interference pattern in quantum conductance experiments. We establish that Rashba square loops develop weak-(anti)localization transitions (absent in other geometries as Rashba ring loops) as an in-plane Zeeman field is applied. These transitions, boosted by non-adiabatic spin scattering, prove to have a topological interpretation in terms of winding numbers characterizing the structure of spin modes in the Bloch sphere.
description: revised version: 14 pages, 4 figures, 9 pages of Supplementary Material (6 figures)
Geometrical frustration induced (semi-)metal to insulator transition
Creators: name: Fujimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-energy properties of the geometrically frustrated Hubbard model on a three-dimensional pyrochlore lattice and a two-dimensional checkerboard lattice on the basis of the renormalization group method and mean field analysis. It is found that in the half-filling case, a (semi-)metal to insulator transition (MIT) occurs. Also, in the insulating phase, which has a spin gap, the spin rotational symmetry is not broken, while charge ordering exists. The results are applied to the description of the MIT observed in the pyrochlore system ${\rm Tl_2Ru_2O_7}$.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Costs of Packing Michigan Peaches in 1957
Creators: name: Podany, Joseph C.
name: Podany, Joseph C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: This report is concerned with the costs of packing peaches in the principal producing area of southwest Michigan. It is a part of a continuing study of marketing practices designed to improve efficiency and lower costs. In this report peach packing costs are presented for two types of packing sheds--farm and central sheds. Farm sheds (the smaller sheds) handled fruit of one grower and were usually located on the farm of the owner. Central sheds (the larger sheds) handled fruit of many growers and were located in small cities. Previous studies have indicated that large, well-managed packing sheds generally have, lower costs than well-managed smaller sheds because they can use more labor saving machinery, have more efficient utilization of labor, buy supplies in large quantities, and can spread overhead costs over a greater volume of output. Under actual operating conditions in 1957, the central sheds were operating under their full packing capacity to such an extent that their costs were considerably higher than they would have been at capacity operation. Farm sheds, on the other hand, made greater use of their existing packing capacity and, thereby, were able to keep costs down.
Probing Micro-quasars with TeV Neutrinos
Creators: name: Levinson, Amir
name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The jets associated with Galactic micro-quasars are believed to be ejected by accreting stellar mass black-holes or neutron stars. We show that if the energy content of the jets in the transient sources is dominated by electron-proton plasma, then a several hour outburst of 1--100 TeV neutrinos produced by photo- meson interactions should precede the radio flares associated with major ejection events. Several neutrinos may be detected during a single outburst by a 1km^2 detector, thereby providing a powerful probe of micro-quasars jet physics.
description: Accepted to PRL. More detailed discussion of particle acceleration
The interface between growth, trade, pollution and natural resource use in Chile: evidence from an economywide model
Creators: name: Mensbrugghe, Dominique Van Der
name: Roland-Holst, David
name: Dessus, Sebastien
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Mensbrugghe, Dominique Van Der
name: Roland-Holst, David
name: Dessus, Sebastien
name: Beghin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: We investigate the implications of trade liberalization and pollution taxes on aggregate income, pollution, and natural resource use in Chile with a neoclassical economywide model comprising 75 sectors. The model incorporates 13 measures of pollution effluents which are linked to the use of polluting inputs and energy use. We estimate the economic and environmental impact of Chile's participation in NAFfA, MERCOSUR, of unilateral trade liberalization and effluent taxes. Unilateral trade liberalization induces substantial worsening of pollution emissions and expansion of resource-based sectors, partly because of access to cheaper energy. NAFfA integration is environmentally benign in terms of pollution emissions. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated risk of immune-related hypothyroidism in older patients with advanced melanoma: a real-world analysis of US SEER-Medicare data
Creators: name: Abdulaali R. Almutairi
name: Erstad, Brian L.
name: McBride, Ali
name: Slack, Marion
name: Abraham, Ivo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Background: The risk of immune-related(ir)-hypothyroidism in older patients with advanced melanoma treated with anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 therapies is poorly understood, especially in the real-world setting. Research design and methods: We identified older patients (≥65 years) diagnosed with advanced melanoma between 2011-2015 and treated with anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 agents in the SEER-Medicare database. Applying probability-of-treatment-weighting for confounder adjustment and proportional hazards models, we estimated the risk of ir-hypothyroidism between treatment initiation and up to 90 days from last dose between anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 users. Results: Of 210 older patients with advanced melanoma identified, 164 received anti-CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and 46 anti-PD1 agents (11 nivolumab, 35 pembrolizumab). There was no statistically significant difference in ir-hypothyroidism risk between anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 users (HR=2.15, 95%CI=0.83-5.53). Pairwise medication comparisons showed a lower risk among ipilimumab versus nivolumab (HR=0.15, 95%CI=0.06-0.40) and pembrolizumab versus nivolumab users (HR=0.13, 95%CI=0.03-0.55). Sensitivity analyses using an all-stages melanoma cohort did not show a difference in ir-hypothyroidism risk between medication classes and individual medications. Conclusions:This retrospective claims data analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in ir-hypothyroidism risk between anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 users. However, patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab or pembrolizumab may have a lower ir-hypothyroidism risk compared to nivolumab users.
Population growth, agricultural intensification, induced innovation and natural resource sustainability: An application of neoclassical growth theory
Creators: name: Pender, John L.
name: Pender, John L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Production Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Using a simple neoclassical type growth model including both man-made and natural capital as inputs to production, the theoretical basis for aU-shaped relationship between agricultural intensification and farm household investment in renewable resource capital is established. As development of technology, infrastructure, or markets increase the relative return to investment in man-made capital over natural capital, resource depletion occurs as man-made capital is substituted for lower return natural capital. Once returns are equalized, both man-made and natural capital are accumulated. If labor and these forms of capital are complementary, the output effects outweigh the substitution effects in the long run, leading to net accumulation of natural as well as man-made capital as a result of such technological or market development. Population growth also induces investment in both man-made and natural resource capital in the long run by increasing their marginal products. However, population growth causes declining per capita levels of both natural and man-made capital and production per capita in the long run, if technology is fixed and decreasing returns to scale. The model thus supports the Boserupian argument of induced intensification and resource improvement, as well as the Malthusian argument of the impoverishing effects of population growth. However, population growth may also induce development of infrastructure, markets, and technological or institutional innovation by reducing the fixed costs per capita of these changes, though these developments may not occur automatically. Government policies can play a large role in affecting whether these potential benefits of population growth are realized. In addition, credit policies may reduce resource degradation caused by substitution of man-made for natural capital, by allowing farmers to accumulate man-made capital (such as fertilizers) without depleting their natural capital. Policies to internalize the external environmental costs of using man-made capital will reduce both types of capital and production, indicating a clear trade-off between addressing environmental concerns on the one hand and reducing poverty and promoting resource conservation investments on the other. By contrast, internalizing the external benefits of investments in resources increases wealth and production per capita in the long run. The 'intertemporal externality' due to a higher private than social rate of time preference does not justify interventions to promote investments in resource capital; rather it argues for the promotion of savings and investment in general. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard dimer: phase diagram and chaos
Creators: name: Giraldo, A.
name: Krauskopf, B.
name: Broderick, N. G. R.
name: Levenson, J. A.
name: Yacomotti, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the phase diagram of the mean-field driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard dimer model. For a dimer with repulsive on-site interactions ($U>0$) and coherent driving we prove that $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking, via pitchfork bifurcations with sizable extensions of the asymmetric solutions, require a negative tunneling parameter ($J<0$). In addition, we show that the model exhibits deterministic dissipative chaos. The chaotic attractor emerges from a Shilnikov mechanism of a periodic orbit born in a Hopf bifurcation and, depending on its symmetry properties, it is either localized or not.
description: 5 pages and 3 figures
High Transverse Momentum Physics at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: The ATLAS Collaboration
name: The CMS Collaboration
name: Branson, J. G.
name: Denegri, D.
name: Hinchliffe, I.
name: Gianotti, F.
name: Paige, F. E.
name: Sphicas, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This note summarizes many detailed physics studies done by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations for the LHC, concentrating on processes involving the production of high mass states. These studies show that the LHC should be able to elucidate the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and to study a variety of other topics related to physics at the TeV scale. In particular, a Higgs boson with couplings given by the Standard Model is observable in several channels over the full range of allowed masses. Its mass and some of its couplings will be determined. If supersymmetry is relevant to electroweak interactions, it will be discovered and the properties of many supersymmetric particles elucidated. Other new physics, such as the existence of massive gauge bosons and extra dimensions can be searched for extending existing limits by an order of magnitude or more.
description: Authors listed are the editors
Supplementary document for Dynamics of single cell femtosecond laser printing - 6314126.pdf
Creators: name: Zhang, Jun
name: Frank, Christine
name: Byers, Patrick
name: Djordjevic, Sasa
name: Docheva, Denitsa
name: Clausen-Schaumann, Hauke
name: Sudhop, Stefanie
name: Huber, Heinz
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fluid Physics

description: Supplemental Document
Nonequivalent representations of nuclear algebras of canonical commutation relations. Quantum fields
Creators: name: Sardanashvily, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Fock representations of the canonical commutation relations modeled over an infinite-dimensional nuclear space are constructed in an explicit form. The example of the nuclear space of smooth real functions of rapid decrease results in nonequivalent quantizations of scalar fields.
description: 23 pages
Non linear gluon evolution in path-integral form
Creators: name: Blaizot, J. -P.
name: Iancu, E.
name: Weigert, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore and clarify the connections between two different forms of the renormalisation group equations describing the quantum evolution of hadronic structure functions at small $x$. This connection is established via a Langevin formulation and associated path integral solutions that highlight the statistical nature of the quantum evolution, pictured here as a random walk in the space of Wilson lines. The results confirm known approximations, form the basis for numerical simulations and widen the scope for further analytical studies.
description: 32 pages
Additional file 1 of RNAi-mediated silencing of Trichinella spiralis glutaminase results in reduced muscle larval infectivity
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Meng, Xiaoqing
name: Yang, Xiao
name: Meng, Shi
name: Han, Caixia
name: Li, Xiaoyun
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Li, Wei
name: Song, Mingxin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. siRNA sequences for TsGLS used in this study.
A bound for the distinguishing index of regular graphs
Creators: name: Lehner, Florian
name: Pilśniak, Monika
name: Stawiski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An edge-colouring of a graph is distinguishing, if the only automorphism which preserves the colouring is the identity. It has been conjectured that all but finitely many connected, finite, regular graphs admit a distinguishing edge-colouring with two colours. We show that all such graphs except $K_2$ admit a distinguishing edge-colouring with three colours. This result also extends to infinite, locally finite graphs. Furthermore, we are able to show that there are arbitrary large infinite cardinals $κ$ such that every connected $κ$-regular graph has distinguishing edge-colouring with two colours.
Determinants of farmers' indigenous soil and water conservation investments in semi -arid India
Creators: name: Pender, John L.
name: Kerr, John M.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Kerr, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Soil and water conservation
subject: Investment
subject: Indigenous
subject: India

description: This paper investigates the determinants of farmers' indigenous soil and water conservation investments in the semi-arid tropics of India. A simple theoretical model is used to develop hypotheses about the determinants of investment under alternative factor market conditions, and these are tested using data on conservation investment from three villages. We find that conservation investment is significantly lower on leased land in two of the study villages and lower on plots that are subject to sales restrictions in one village, suggesting the potential for land market reforms to increase conservation investment. In one village, households with more adult males, more farm servants, and less land invest more in conservation, as predicted by the model of imperfect labor markets; and households with more debt and off-farm income invest more, consistent with the model of imperfect credit markets. Evidence that conservation investment is affected by factor market imperfections is weaker in the other villages, where investments are much larger, suggesting transaction costs as the source of the differences between villages. Other factors that have a significant effect on investment include the farmer's education and caste, characteristics of the plot (size, slope, irrigation status, and quality ranking) and the presence of existing land investments. The results suggest the importance of accounting for differences across communities and households in factor market and agroclimatic conditions in designing programs to promote investments in soil and water conservation. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Innovative Techniques to Address the Non-linearity of the Large Scale Structure of the Universe
Creators: name: Siyu He
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To fully understand the non-linear evolution of the large scale structure of the Universe and to extract useful information from the large scale structure are key subjects of modern cosmology. In this dissertation, I am going to address the non-linearity of the Universe from two new perspectives.
One way to study the non-linearity is to study laments, which evolve non-linearly from the initial density fluctuations produced in the primordial Universe. In the fi rst part of the dissertation, I am going to report the fi rst detection of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) lensing by laments. We propose a phenomenological model to interpret the detected signal, and we measure how laments trace the matter distribution on large scales through lament bias. In the second part of the dissertation, I will present the deep learning method as a practical and accurate alternative to learning the gravitational structure formation of the Universe. We build two deep neural networks, the D3M model and the multi-scale deep sets model, to predict the non-linear structure formation of the Universe. Our extensive results have shown our models outperform the second-order
perturbation theory. I will also discuss our e fforts in understanding the robustness of the trained deep learning model.
Realization of the Stasheff polytope
Creators: name: Loday, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P35; 52Bxx

description: We propose a simple formula for the coordinates of the vertices of the Stasheff polytope (associahedron) and we compare it to the permutohedron.
description: 13 pages
The Experimental Observation of a Superfluid Gyroscope in a dilute Bose Condensed Gas
Creators: name: Hodby, E.
name: Hopkins, S. A.
name: Hechenblaikner, G.
name: Smith, N. L.
name: Foot, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed a superfluid gyroscope effect in a dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate. A condensate with a vortex possesses a single quantum of angular momentum and this causes the plane of oscillation of the scissors mode to precess around the vortex line. We have measured the precession rate of the scissors oscillation. From this we deduced the angular momentum associated with the vortex line and found a value close to $\hbar$ per particle, as predicted for a superfluid.
description: 4 pages 5 figs
The rise and fall of public sector plant breeding in the United Kingdom: a causal chain model of basic and applied research and diffusion
Creators: name: Thirtle, C.
name: Bottomley, P.
name: Palladino, P.
name: Schimmelpfennig, D.
name: Townsend, R.
name: Thirtle, C.
name: Bottomley, P.
name: Palladino, P.
name: Schimmelpfennig, D.
name: Townsend, R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Barley
subject: Wheat
subject: Breed
subject: Plant breeding institute
subject: R+D lags
subject: Recursive model

description: This paper examines the barley and wheat breeding programmes of the Plant Breeding Institute (PBI), which was the most successful public plant breeding institute in the UK, until privatization in 1987. The PBI's shares in barley and wheat seed sales are explained, showing that the success with barley was largely a matter of serendipity, whereas the wheat programme followed a more normal pattern. For wheat, the causal chain, or recursive, model decomposes the well-documented link between research expenditures and increases in agricultural productivity into three stages. These are the effects of R&D expenditures on basic research output, measured by publications, the effect of publications and applied R&D expenditures on trial plot yields, and the diffusion of the trial plot technologies, which raises yields on farms. Applying the model to the PBI's wheat varieties allows estimation of the lag structures. In contrast to the results for aggregate agricultural research, for a single plant breeding programme alone there is a considerable lead time before there is any response, followed by a lag distribution only a few years long. The returns to the R&D investments are calculated from the causal chain model, from single equation estimates and by evaluating the yield advantage of the PBI varieties. All three approaches give consistent results, which show that the returns to barley and wheat alone were sufficient to support the entire PBI budget and still give rates of return to applied research of between 14 and 25%. The return to the basic science expenditures of the John Innes Institute has a lower bound of 17%, but must have been even higher than for the PBI if the other Institutes were taken into account. The paper concludes by commenting on the effects of the privatization of the PBI. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Supplementary Information for Predicting Maths Anxiety From Mathematical Achievement Across the Transition From Primary- to Secondary-Education from Predicting maths anxiety from mathematical achievement across the transition from primary to secondary education
Creators: name: Field, Andy P.
name: Evans, Danielle
name: Bloniewski, Tomasz
name: Kovas, Yulia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Table 1 shows the pattern of missing data for predictors of maths anxiety. Table 2 shows the main model from the paper (Table 4 in the main paper) but conducted on standardized scores. The parameter estimates in this table are, therefore, standardized coefficients. Similarly, Table 3 shows the *post hoc* analysis from the paper (Table 5 in the main paper) but conducted on standardized scores.
Additional file 3 of RNAi-mediated silencing of Trichinella spiralis glutaminase results in reduced muscle larval infectivity
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Meng, Xiaoqing
name: Yang, Xiao
name: Meng, Shi
name: Han, Caixia
name: Li, Xiaoyun
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Li, Wei
name: Song, Mingxin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Optimization of experimental conditions for siRNA interference. A: relative transcription levels of TsGLS in larvae 3 days after being soaked with different concentrations of siRNA-881; B: expression levels of the TsGLS protein in larvae 3 days after being soaked with different concentrations of siRNA-881; C: relative transcription levels of TsGLS in larvae at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after being electroporated with 2 μM of siRNA-881. All the assays were performed in triplicates, and statistically significant differences with P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 are indicated by * and ***, respectively.
Comparing the use of individual and composite terms to evaluate adverse drug event disproportionality: a focus on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy
Creators: name: Dauner, Daniel G.
name: Farley, Joel F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: The SUSTAIN-6 trial showed significantly higher rates of retinopathy complications in the semaglutide group compared to placebo. Observational studies have not consistently corroborated this finding, raising questions about the appropriateness of composite variables and whether the relationship exists across the entire drug class or is limited to individual glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists (GLP-1RAs). The study objective was to evaluate the difference between using individual and composite terms to assess associations between GLP-1RAs and diabetic retinopathy events. Research Design and Methods: Reports from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System were utilized to examine relationships between GLP-1RAs and diabetic retinopathy events. A disproportionality analysis was conducted using the proportional reporting ratio. Results: Four GLP-1RAs demonstrated signals for diabetic retinopathy events. The GLP-1RA drug class had four diabetic retinopathy signals. Only semaglutide had a signal for the composite diabetic retinopathy outcome. The GLP-1RA drug class and the composite diabetic retinopathy outcome did not meet the PRR signal thresholds. Conclusions: The use of drug class level and composite outcome variables may mask diabetic retinopathy signals in comparison to individual drug assessments. Our results support the SUSTAIN-6 trial findings and suggest an association between four GLP-1RAs and diabetic retinopathy events.
Teaching Social Media as an Interdisciplinary Experiential Program Supplemental Material.docx
Creators: name: Anonymous Under Review
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: The Interdisciplinary Social Media Fellowship design and implementation helped students learn by managing a brand’s social media presence. In this program, students from multiple disciplines followed a framework that defines their roles and incorporates internal and external stakeholders in a process that ensures interdisciplinary learning. The program creates a win-win situation for the university and the students: students benefit through experiential and interdisciplinary learning, while the university produces engaging content relevant to various stakeholders.
Static Traversable Wormholes in $f(R, T)=R+2α\ln T$ Gravity
Creators: name: Godani, Nisha
name: Samanta, Gauranga C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traversable wormholes, studied by Morris and Thorne \cite{Morris1} in general relativity, are investigated in this research paper in $f(R,T)$ gravity by introducing a new form of non-linear $f(R,T)$ function. By using this novel function, the Einstein's field equations in $f(R,T)$ gravity are derived. To obtain the exact wormhole solutions, the relations $p_t=ωρ$ and $p_r=\sinh(r)p_t$, where $ρ$ is the energy density, $p_r$ is the radial pressure and $p_t$ is the tangential pressure, are used. Other than these relations, two forms of shape function defined in literature are used, and their suitability is examined by exploring the regions of validity of null, weak, strong and dominant energy conditions . Consequently, the radius of the throat or the spherical region, with satisfied energy conditions, is determined and the presence of exotic matter is minimized.
description: 19 pages, 9 figure, accepted in Chinese Journal of Physics
Two Body B Decays, Factorization and LambdaQCD/mb Corrections
Creators: name: Ciuchini, M.
name: Franco, E.
name: Martinelli, G.
name: Pierini, M.
name: Silvestrini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the recent experimental measurements of B -> pi pi and B -> K pi branching ratios, we find that the amplitudes computed at the leading order of the LambdaQCD/mb expansion disagree with the observed BRs, even taking into account the uncertainties of the input parameters. Beyond the leading order, Charming and GIM penguins allow to reconcile the theoretical predictions with the data. Because of these large effects, we conclude, however, that it is not possible, with the present theoretical and experimental accuracy, to determine the CP violation angle gamma from these decays. We compare our results with those obtained with the parametrization of the chirally enhanced non-perturbative contributions by BBNS. We also predict large asymmetries for several of the particle--antiparticle BRs, in particular BR(B+ -> K+ pi0), BR(Bd -> K+ pi-) and BR(Bd -> pi+ pi-).
description: 14 pages 3 figures uses aipproc
Comparing different hard-thermal-loop approaches to quark number susceptibilities
Creators: name: Blaizot, J. -P.
name: Iancu, E.
name: Rebhan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare our previously proposed hard-thermal-loop (HTL) resummed calculation of quark number susceptibilities using a self-consistent two-loop approximation to the quark density with a recent calculation of the same quantity at the one-loop level in a variant of HTL-screened perturbation theory. Besides pointing out conceptual problems with the latter approach, we show that it severely over-includes the leading-order interaction effects while including none of the plasmon term which after all is the reason to construct improved resummation schemes.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Revised version to appear in Eur. J. Phys. C
Transcriptome of Durio zibethinus Monthong pulp
Creators: name: Lalida Sangpong
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2021
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Monoisolate
Agricultural

description: RNAs were extracted from durian pulp at mature and ripe stages and converted to cDNAs. Then, cDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced for gene expression analysis.
Finding good quantum codes using the Cartan form
Creators: name: Jayashankar, Akshaya
name: Babu, Anjala M
name: Ng, Hui Khoon
name: Mandayam, Prabha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple and fast numerical procedure to search for good quantum codes for storing logical qubits in the presence of independent per-qubit noise. In a key departure from past work, we use the worst-case fidelity as the figure of merit for quantifying code performance, a much better indicator of code quality than, say, entanglement fidelity. Yet, our algorithm does not suffer from inefficiencies usually associated with the use of worst-case fidelity. Specifically, using a near-optimal recovery map, we are able to reduce the triple numerical optimization needed for the search to a single optimization over the encoding map. We can further reduce the search space using the Cartan decomposition, focusing our search over the nonlocal degrees of freedom resilient against independent per-qubit noise, while not suffering much in code performance.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, v2: published version, minor changes
Testing the induced innovation hypothesis: an error correction model of South African agriculture
Creators: name: Thirtle, C.
name: Townsend, R.
name: Zyl, J. Van
name: Thirtle, C.
name: Townsend, R.
name: Zyl, J. Van
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Induced innovation hypothesis
subject: Error correction model
subject: South African

description: This paper applies cointegration techniques to a model of induced innovation based on the two-stage constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function. This approach results in direct tests of the inducement hypothesis, which are applied to data for South African commercial agriculture for the period 1947-1991. South African data is used because the policy changes have been substantial enough that the factor and price ratios have turning-points, rather than being monotonic. The time series properties of the variables are checked, cointegration is established, and an error correction model (ECM) constructed, allowing factor substitution to be separated from technological change. Finally, the ECM formulation is subjected to causality tests, which show that both the factor price ratios and R&D and extension expenditures are Granger-prior to the factor-saving biases of technological change. Thus, each stage of the analysis corroborates the inducement hypothesis. However, straightforward price-inducement is only part of the explanation of changes in factor ratios. Policy-induced innovation, in response to tax concessions and subsidised credit, is also present. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparing the pharmacokinetics, safety, and immunogenicity of HLX02 to US- and EU-approved trastuzumab in healthy Chinese male subjects: A Phase I, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study
Creators: name: Zhou, Wenjia
name: Wang, Meng
name: Yu, Yunli
name: Wang, Ji
name: Wu, Yanni
name: Yang, Guiyu
name: Yu, Haoyu
name: Li, Jing
name: Zhou, Liang
name: Zhang, Quanying
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: HLX02, the first China-manufactured trastuzumab biosimilar, is approved in Europe (EU) and China. This study evaluated bioequivalence between HLX02 and US-approved trastuzumab (US-trastuzumab). In this double-blind, parallel-group, Phase I study, healthy Chinese men were randomized (1:1:1) to receive a single 6 mg/kg dose of HLX02, reference US-trastuzumab, or reference EU-approved trastuzumab (EU-trastuzumab). Equivalence in PK profiles was demonstrated if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean ratio (GMR) for the difference between the least square means of the area under the curve (AUC) from time 0 to infinity (AUC∞) were 0.8–1.25. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the three trastuzumab products were similar in 111 Chinese men. Equivalence was confirmed between HLX02 and US-trastuzumab (GMR for AUC∞ 1.009, 90% CI 0.950–1.072); HLX02 and EU-trastuzumab (GMR for AUC∞ 1.068, 90% CI 1.005–1.135); and EU- and US-trastuzumab (GMR for AUC∞ 0.945, 90% CI 0.889–1004). Exploratory analysis of all other PK parameters also demonstrated equivalence between any two of the three trastuzumab products. HLX02 had similar safety and immunogenicity profiles to US- and EU-trastuzumab. HLX02 is bioequivalent to US-trastuzumab and EU-trastuzumab, with similar safety and immunogenicity profiles. US- and EU-trastuzumab were also bioequivalent to each other.
Agricultural development with rainforest conservation: methods for seeking best bet alternatives to slash-and-burn, with applications to Brazil and Indonesia
Creators: name: Tomich, Thomas P.
name: Noordwijk, Meine Van
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Witcover, Julie
name: Tomich, Thomas P.
name: Noordwijk, Meine Van
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Witcover, Julie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Rainforests
subject: Upland farming systems
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Agronomic sustainability
subject: Climate change
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Amazon
subject: Brazil
subject: Sumatra
subject: Indonesia

description: Forests continue to fall for agricultural purposes throughout the humid tropics, with immediate and potentially large consequences for climate change and biodiversity loss-issues of key interest to the international community. Some of the actors directly responsible for forest conversion fell trees to meet food security needs and alleviate poverty-issues of urgent inte~est to them and also to national policymakers. This multiplicity of groups with differing (often conflicting) interests in the multifarious goods and services produced by tropical forests complicates the search for alternative agricultural activities for forest margins since these alternatives must satisfy such divergent objectives. This paper sets out a conceptual framework for comparing the impacts of different land use systems and agricultural practices at the margins of tropical rainforests in terms of the concerns and objectives of two key interest groups: small-scale farmers seeking livelihoods at the forest margins and the 'international' interests in the global public goods and services supplied by tropical rainforests. This framework should be useful to a third key group, the national and regional policymakers who must consider these and other policy objectives and then decide on courses of action. The paper identifies data needs and analytical methods capable of supplying an empirical base for this conceptual framework, based on quantifiable indicators. It then presents preliminary results of the application of this conceptual framework in Indonesia and Brazil in association with a global, collaborative, multidisciplinary research program. Even using preliminary order-of-magnitude estimates (to be replaced by more precise measurements as they become available), this conceptual framework presents results in ways that allow researchers and policymakers to select clear 'best bets' for development, when they exist, and to assess tradeoffs and options for complementary policy action and research efforts, when they do not. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Anomalies in Noncommutative Dipole Field Theories
Creators: name: Correa, D. H.
name: Lozano, G. S.
name: Moreno, E. F.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study chiral symmetries of fermionic non commutative dipole theories. By using Fujikawa's approach we obtain explicit expressions of the anomalies for Dirac and chiral fermions in 2 and 4 dimensions.
description: 11pages, latex file. Comments added
Food Marketing Companies: Diversification and Structure
Creators: name: Bright, Imogene
name: Bright, Imogene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpt from the report Introduction: Two areas of information about the structure of the food marketing industry have received little attention from economists, because data which would permit attention to such factors have been lacking. These two areas are (1) the ownership pattern of companies in terms of the number of establishments owned, and (2) diversification--the degree to which establishments are engaged in activities which differ from those of the parent company. The purpose of this study is to examine both aspects of structure of the food marketing industry. This study has been made possible by the availability, for the first time, from the Bureau of the Census, of statistics pertaining to companies as contrasted with establishment data which have been available for many years.