cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stacking weak lensing signals of SZ clusters to constrain cluster physics
Creators: name: Sealfon, Carolyn
name: Verde, Licia
name: Jimenez, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to place constraints on cluster physics by stacking the weak lensing signals from multiple clusters found through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. For a survey that covers about 200 sq. deg. both in SZ and weak lensing observations, the slope and amplitude of the mass vs. SZ luminosity relation can be measured with few percent error for clusters at z~0.5. This can be used to constrain cluster physics, such as the nature of feedback. For example, we can distinguish a pre-heated model from a model with a decreased accretion rate at more than 5sigma. The power to discriminate among different non-gravitational processes in the ICM becomes even stronger if we use the central Compton parameter y_0, which could allow one to distinguish between models with pre-heating, SN feedback and AGN feedback, for example, at more than 5sigma. Measurement of these scaling relations as a function of redshift makes it possible to directly observe e.g., the evolution of the hot gas in clusters. With this approach the mass-L_SZ relation can be calibrated and its uncertainties can be quantified, leading to a more robust determination of cosmological parameters from clusters surveys. The mass-L_SZ relation calibrated in this way from a small area of the sky can be used to determine masses of SZ clusters from very large SZ-only surveys and is nicely complementary to other techniques proposed in the literature.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Finite-Temperature Renormalization Group Analysis of Interaction Effects in 2D Lattices of Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Smerzi, A.
name: Sodano, P.
name: Trombettoni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using a renormalization group analysis, we study the effect of interparticle interactions on the critical temperature at which the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition occurs for Bose-Einstein condensates loaded at finite temperature in a 2D optical lattice. We find that the critical temperature decreases as the interaction energy decreases; when U/J=36/πone has a vanishing critical temperature, signaling the possibility of a quantum phase transition of BKT type.
Numerical solution of conservative finite-dimensional stochastic Schrodinger equations
Creators: name: Mora, Carlos M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H35 (Primary) 60H10, 65U05, 65C30 (Secondary)

description: The paper deals with the numerical solution of the nonlinear Ito stochastic differential equations (SDEs) appearing in the unravelling of quantum master equations. We first develop an exponential scheme of weak order 1 for general globally Lipschitz SDEs governed by Brownian motions. Then, we proceed to study the numerical integration of a class of locally Lipschitz SDEs. More precisely, we adapt the exponential scheme obtained in the first part of the work to the characteristics of certain finite-dimensional nonlinear stochastic Schrodinger equations. This yields a numerical method for the simulation of the mean value of quantum observables. We address the rate of convergence arising in this computation. Finally, an experiment with a representative quantum master equation illustrates the good performance of the new scheme.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000403 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
[Hupa vocabulary and grammatical elements]
Creators: name: Golla, Victor
name: Jackson, Louisa
name: Jackson, Ned
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: hup
subject: Hupa language

description: Digital images of file slips summarizing (a) data from Golla's field notebooks and (b) archival data collected by Edward Sapir. Box 7 of 9. Original slips dated 1963 to approximately 1970.
GSC 4232.2830, an Eclipsing Binary with Elliptical Orbit
Creators: name: Goranskij, V. P.
name: Shugarov, S. Yu.
name: Kroll, P.
name: Golovin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of an Algol type eclipsing variable star having highly elliptical orbit with the period of 11.628 day is reported.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, already published in IBVS of IAU 5618
Sur la forme de la boule unité de la norme stable unidimensionnelle
Creators: name: Babenko, Ivan K.
name: Balacheff, Florent N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: MSC (2000) : 05C38, 52B05, 53C20, 53C23

description: For a Riemannian polyhedra, we study the geometry of the unit ball for the unidimensional stable norm (stable ball). In the case of a unidimensional Riemannian polyhedra (graph), we show that the stable ball is a polytope whose vertices are completely described by combinatorial properties of the graph. We study then the realizable forms as stable ball of Riemannan manifolds of dimension larger than three. For a Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ fixed, we show that a broad class of polytopes can appear as stable ball of metrics in the conformal class of $g$. We use for that a polyhedral technique.
description: 13 pages, in French
Is War Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technology Development
Creators: name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Development
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: New radical general purpose technologies have been the drivers of economic growth in the United States economy in recent economic history. In this paper I review the role of military and defense related research, technology development, and procurement in the development of the aircraft, nuclear power, computer, semiconductor, internet and the space communication and earth observing industries. The development of each of these industries would have been substantially delayed in the absence of support for research, technology development and procurement by the military and defense related agencies. Rates of productivity and output growth would have been substantially slower. By the early 1990's it was becoming clear that changes in the United States economy, of the defense industrial base, and in United States military and defense strategy meant that the defense and defense related industries would no longer play a prominent role in the development of new general purpose technologies. There has been a relative decline in investment in basic research and in early stage technology development in the private sector. The United States has yet to develop a coherent strategy for the public support of commercial technology development. My own sense is that when the history of United States technology development for the next half century is eventually written it will be characterized by incremental rather than revolutionary changes in both military and commercial technology. It will also be written in the context of slower productivity and output growth than the rates that prevailed in the United States during the first several post war decades or since the beginning of the information technology bubble that began in the early 1990s.
Excess deviations for points disconnected by random interlacements
Creators: name: Sznitman, Alain-Sol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 60F10, 82B43, 35A15

description: We consider random interlacements on $ \mathbb{Z}^d$, $d \ge 3$, when their vacant set is in a strongly percolative regime. Given a large box centered at the origin, we establish an asymptotic upper bound on the exponential rate of decay of the probability that the box contains an excessive fraction $ν$ of points that are disconnected by random interlacements from the boundary of a concentric box of double size. As an application we show that when $ν$ is not too large, this asymptotic upper bound matches the asymptotic lower bound derived in a previous work of the author, and the exponential rate of decay is governed by a certain variational problem in the continuum which involves the percolation function of the vacant set of random interlacements.
description: 46 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Probability and Mathematical Physics
Searching for Elusive Dark Sectors with Terrestrial and Celestial Observations
Creators: name: Contino, Roberto
name: Max, Kevin
name: Mishra, Rashmish K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possible existence of a SM-neutral and light dark sector coupled to the visible sector through irrelevant portal interactions. Scenarios of this kind are motivated by dark matter and arise in various extensions of the Standard Model. We characterize the dark dynamics in terms of one ultraviolet scale $Λ_\text{UV}$, at which the exchange of heavy mediator fields generates the portal operators, and by one infrared scale $Λ_\text{IR}$, setting the mass gap. At energies $Λ_\text{IR} \ll E \ll Λ_\text{UV}$ the dark sector behaves like a conformal field theory and its phenomenology can be studied model independently. We derive the constraints set on this scenario by high- and low-energy laboratory experiments and by astrophysical observations. Our results are conservative and serve as a minimum requirement that must be fulfilled by the broad class of models satisfying our assumptions, of which we give several examples. The experimental constraints are derived in a manner consistent with the validity of the effective field theory used to define the portal interactions. We find that high-energy colliders give the strongest bounds and exclude UV scales up to a few TeV, but only in specific ranges of the IR scale. The picture emerging from current searches can be taken as a starting point to design a future experimental strategy with broader sensitivity.
description: Typos fixed, some discussions improved, references added. Version accepted in JHEP
Role of fluctuations in a snug-fit mechanism of KcsA channel selectivity
Creators: name: Asthagiri, D.
name: Pratt, Lawrence R.
name: Paulaitis, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KcsA potassium channel belongs to a class of K+ channels that is selective for K+ over Na+ at rates of K+ transport approaching the diffusion limit. This selectivity is explained thermodynamically in terms of favorable partitioning of K+ relative to Na+ in a narrow selectivity filter in the channel. One mechanism for selectivity based on the atomic structure of the KcsA channel invokes the size difference between K+ and Na+, and the molecular complementarity of the selectivity filter with the larger K+ ion. An alternative view holds that size-based selectivity is precluded because atomic structural fluctuations are greater than the size difference between these two ions. We examine these hypotheses by calculating the distribution of binding energies for Na+ and K+ in a simplified model of the selectivity filter of the KcsA channel. We find that Na+ binds strongly to the selectivity filter with a mean binding energy substantially lower than that for K+. The difference is comparable to the difference in hydration free energies of Na+ and K+ in bulk aqueous solution. Thus, the average filter binding energies do not discriminate Na+ from K+ when measured from the baseline of the difference in bulk hydration free energies. Instead, Na+/K+ discrimination can be attributed to scarcity of good binding configurations for Na+ compared to K+. That relative scarcity is quantified as enhanced binding energy fluctuations, and is consistent with predicted relative constriction of the filter by Na+.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
1996 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Creators: name: Olson, Kent D.
name: Talley, Dary E.
name: Christensen, James L.
name: Weness, Erlin J.
name: Fales, Perry A.
name: Nordquist, Dale W.
name: Olson, Kent D.
name: Talley, Dary E.
name: Christensen, James L.
name: Weness, Erlin J.
name: Fales, Perry A.
name: Nordquist, Dale W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Farm Management

description: For the Southwestern Association, average accrual net farm income was $62,699 in 1996 for the 203 farms included in this report. This is an increase of 9% from 1995 making 1996 another high income year in a job with large swings in income. This volatility can be seen whether income is measured in nominal terms or constant dollars. The 20% of these 203 farms with the highest net farm income had an average profit of $157,052--an increase from 1995. The low 20% of the farms had an average loss of -$6,010 in 1996, which was a smaller loss than in 1995. Average gross cash farm income in 1995 was $382,502--a 10% increase from 1995. Four sources of sales made up 83% of total income in 1996: corn, beef finishing, hogs, and soybeans. Corn sales increased 12% between 1995 and 1996; soybean sales, 23%; and hog sales, 24%. Beef finishing decreased by 15%. Government payments (of all types) continued to decline to $9,075 in 1996. As a percentage of total income, government payments decreased from 9% in 1993 to 2% in 1996. Cash expenses increased to an average of $299,610 in 1996--an 8% increase from 1995. As a percentage of both cash expenses and depreciation in 1996, feed expenses; feeder purchases; seed, fertilizer, and crop chemicals; land rent; and depreciation continued to dominate. The rate of return on assets (ROA) was steady and the rate of return to equity (ROE) decreased slightly in 1996 compared to 1995. ROA averaged 10% and ROE was 12% using assets valued on a cost basis. Using a market value basis, average total equity (of the sole proprietors) was $520,245 at the end of 1996--an increase of $28,290 for these 173 farms during the year. Average equity continued to improve since 1987. The average debt-asset ratio decreased slightly to 47% at the end of 1996. The report provides additional information on profitability, liquidity, and solvency as well as other whole-farm information and detailed information on crop and livestock enterprises. Also reported are whole-farm financial condition and performance by county, sales size class, and type of farm and corn and soybean returns by county.
Anomalous Quantum Oscillations in a Heterostructure of Graphene on a Proximate Quantum Spin Liquid
Creators: name: Leeb, V.
name: Polyudov, K.
name: Mashhadi, S.
name: Biswas, S.
name: Valenti, Roser
name: Burghard, M.
name: Knolle, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi two-dimensional Mott insulator $α$-RuCl$_3$ is proximate to the sought-after Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL). In a layer of $α$-RuCl$_3$ on graphene the dominant Kitaev exchange is further enhanced by strain. Recently, quantum oscillation (QO) measurements of such $α$-RuCl$_3$ / graphene heterostructures showed an anomalous temperature dependence beyond the standard Lifshitz-Kosevich (LK) description. Here, we develop a theory of anomalous QO in an effective Kitaev-Kondo lattice model in which the itinerant electrons of the graphene layer interact with the correlated magnetic layer via spin interactions. At low temperatures a heavy Fermi liquid emerges such that the neutral Majorana fermion excitations of the Kitaev QSL acquire charge by hybridising with the graphene Dirac band. Using ab-initio calculations to determine the parameters of our low energy model we provide a microscopic theory of anomalous QOs with a non-LK temperature dependence consistent with our measurements. We show how remnants of fractionalized spin excitations can give rise to characteristic signatures in QO experiments.
description: 4.5 pages, 3 figures, supplementary material included
Photon retention in coherently excited nitrogen ions
Creators: name: Yao, Jinping
name: Wang, Luojia
name: Chen, Jinming
name: Wan, Yuexin
name: Zhang, Zhihao
name: Zhang, Fangbo
name: Qiao, Lingling
name: Yu, Shupeng
name: Fu, Botao
name: Zhao, Zengxiu
name: Wu, Chengyin
name: Yakovlev, Vladislav V.
name: Yuan, Luqi
name: Chen, Xianfeng
name: Cheng, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum coherence in quantum optics is an essential part of optical information processing and light manipulation. Alkali metal vapors, despite the numerous shortcomings, are traditionally used in quantum optics as a working medium due to convenient near-infrared excitation, strong dipole transitions and long-lived coherence. Here, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated photon retention and subsequent re-emittance with the quantum coherence in a system of coherently excited molecular nitrogen ions (N2+) which are produced using a strong 800 nm femtosecond laser pulse. Such photon retention, facilitated by quantum coherence, keeps releasing directly-unmeasurable coherent photons for tens of picoseconds, but is able to be read-out by a time-delayed femtosecond pulse centered at 1580 nm via two-photon resonant absorption, resulting in a strong radiation at 329.3 nm. We reveal a pivotal role of the excited-state population to transmit such extremely weak re-emitted photons in this system. This new finding unveils the nature of the coherent quantum control in N2+ for the potential platform for optical information storage in the remote atmosphere, and facilitates further exploration of fundamental interactions in the quantum optical platform with strong-field ionized molecules.
Cardy's Formula for Certain Models of the Bond-Triangular Type
Creators: name: Chayes, L.
name: Lei, H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B43; 60K35

description: We introduce and study a family of 2D percolation systems which are based on the bond percolation model of the triangular lattice. The system under study has local correlations, however, bonds separated by a few lattice spacings act independently of one another. By avoiding explicit use of microscopic paths, it is first established that the model possesses the typical attributes which are indicative of critical behavior in 2D percolation problems. Subsequently, the so called Cardy-Carleson functions are demonstrated to satisfy, in the continuum limit, Cardy's formula for crossing probabilities. This extends the results of S. Smirnov to a non-trivial class of critical 2D percolation systems.
description: 49 pages, 7 figures
HOG PRICES RECEIVED AND THE VALUE OF INFORMATION: A LOGIT ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Baumann, Hannelore
name: Kinsey, Jean D.
name: Baumann, Hannelore
name: Kinsey, Jean D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The study discussed in this paper integrates the economics of information, production theory, and the theory of human capital to determine the optimum amount of price information collected by profit maximizing hog producers.
THE PRIORITY TASKS OF DEVELOPING THE KNOWLEDGE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS ABOUT MODERN METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Creators: name: Tursunov, Mumtazjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the article, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of the knowledge of biology students about modern methods of biological research, the methodology of the development of the knowledge of biology students about modern methods of biological research, the effectiveness of the development of the knowledge of biology students about modern methods of biological research were studied. Also, The priority tasks of developing the knowledge of biology students about modern methods of biological research were analyzed.
Parton Propagation in a Gluon Field
Creators: name: Hoyer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenological success of PQCD is based on processes where the effects of the color field environment on parton propagation can be eliminated or is universal. In hard diffraction and quarkonium production the PQCD subprocess is the same as in fully inclusive scattering, but the sensitivity to reinteractions is different. I discuss how this may be exploited to give new information on the dynamics of hard collisions.
description: Talk at Workshop on In-Medium Hadron Physics, University of Giessen, November 2004. 10 pages, 5 figures
MINNESOTA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RECESSION AND RECOVERY: PART II
Creators: name: Maki, Wilbur R.
name: Dalton, Patricia Q.
name: Maki, Wilbur R.
name: Dalton, Patricia Q.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This report presents statistical reference series for the study and projection of Minnesota's economic outlook in the 1980's, with special emphasis on four major sectors--agriculture and agribusiness, manufacturing and services, mining and tourism, and government spending.
The Physical Properties and Detectability of Reionization-Epoch Galaxies
Creators: name: Davé, Romeel
name: Finlator, Kristian
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions drawn from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations for the physical, photometric and emission line properties of galaxies present during the latter stages of reionization from z=9-6. We find significant numbers of galaxies that have stellar masses exceeding 10^8 Mo during this epoch, with metallicities exceeding one-thirtieth solar. Far from primeval "first-star" objects,these objects are likely to have reionized their infall regions prior to z=9, are dominated by atomic rather than molecular cooling, and are not expected to be forming Population III stars. Galaxies exhibit a slowly evolving comoving autocorrelation length from z=9-6, continuing a trend seen at lower redshifts in which the rapidly dropping bias counteracts the rapidly increasing matter clustering. These sources can be marginally detected using current instruments, but modest increases in sensitivity or survey area would yield significantly increased samples. We compare to current observations of the z~6 rest-UV and Ly-alpha line luminosity functions, and find good agreement. We also compare with the z~7 object observed by Egami et al., and find that such systems are ubiquitous in our simulations. The intrinsic Ly-alpha luminosity function evolves slowly from z=9-6, meaning that it should also be possible to detect these objects with upcoming narrow band surveys such as DAzLE. We make predictions for near-IR surveys with JWST, and show that while a high density of sources will be found, Population III objects may remain elusive. We present and compare simulations with several recipes for superwind feedback, and show that while our broad conclusions are insensitive to this choice, a feedback model based on momentum-driven winds is favored in comparisons with available data. (abridged)
description: 20 pages, MNRAS, accepted. Expanded discussions, conclusions unchanged
Warped Information and Entanglement Islands in AdS/WCFT
Creators: name: Caceres, Elena
name: Kundu, Arnab
name: Patra, Ayan K.
name: Shashi, Sanjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the notion of double holography to study Hawking radiation emitted by the eternal BTZ black hole in equilibrium with a thermal bath, but in the form of warped CFT$_2$ degrees of freedom. In agreement with the literature, we find entanglement islands and a phase transition in the entanglement surface, but our results differ significantly from work in AdS/CFT in three major ways: (1) the late-time entropy decreases in time, (2) island degrees of freedom exist at all times, and not just at late times, with the phase transition changing whether or not these degrees of freedom include the black hole interior, and (3) the physics involves a field-theoretic IR divergence, emerging when the boundary interval is too big relative to the black hole's inverse temperature. This behavior in the entropy appears to be consistent with the non-unitarity of holographic warped CFT$_2$ and demonstrates that the islands are not a phenomenon restricted to black hole information in unitary setups.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures; v3: published version on JHEP
Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Distinct GRB Population:A Firmer Case from Multiple Criteria Constraints
Creators: name: Virgili, Francisco
name: Liang, Enwei
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intriguing observations of Swift/BAT X-ray flash XRF 060218 and the BATSE-BeppoSAX gamma-ray burst GRB 980425, both with much lower luminosity and redshift compared to other observed bursts, naturally lead to the question of how these low-luminosity (LL) bursts are related to high-luminosity (HL) bursts. Incorporating the constraints from both the flux-limited samples observed with CGRO/BATSE and Swift/BAT and the redshift-known GRB sample, we investigate the luminosity function for both LL- and HL-GRBs through simulations. Our multiple criteria, including the log N - log P distributions from the flux-limited GRB sample, the redshift and luminosity distributions of the redshift-known sample, and the detection ratio of HL- and LL- GRBs with Swift/BAT, provide a set of stringent constraints to the luminosity function. Assuming that the GRB rate follows the star formation rate, our simulations show that a simple power law or a broken power law model of luminosity function fail to reproduce the observations, and a new component is required. This component can be modeled with a broken power, which is characterized by a sharp increase of the burst number at around L < 10^47 erg s^-1}. The lack of detection of moderate-luminosity GRBs at redshift ~0.3 indicates that this feature is not due to observational biases. The inferred local rate, rho_0, of LL-GRBs from our model is ~ 200 Gpc^-3 yr^-1 at ~ 10^47 erg s^-1, much larger than that of HL-GRBs. These results imply that LL-GRBs could be a separate GRB population from HL-GRBs. The recent discovery of a local X-ray transient 080109/SN 2008D would strengthen our conclusion, if the observed non-thermal emission has a similar origin as the prompt emission of most GRBs and XRFs.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables; MNRAS, in press; Updated analysis and figures
On Filaments, Prolate Halos and Rotation Curves
Creators: name: Zatrimaylov, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple geometrical mechanism for the flattening of galactic rotation curves, the local compression of field lines around their planes induced either by the presence of thin string-like objects at the centers of galaxies or by elongated dark-matter halos, and elaborate on its possible role in Nature. We fit 83 rotation curves from the SPARC database with logarithmic potentials produced by a thin "wire" at the origin and then, after selecting 2 galaxies that yield the most interesting fits, analyze them with an alternative model, deformed versions of two popular models of dark-matter halos. Our conclusion is that the presence of a filament clearly improves the fit quality in a number of cases, while bulged dark matter profiles have a lesser effect. If taken at face value, these results would imply the presence of elongated mass distributions away from the galactic plane in a number of galaxies, and may also have some indirect impact on the controversy between cold dark matter (CDM), self-interacting dark matter (SiDM), and modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND).
description: This updated version will appear in JCAP
Reconstruction of general scalar-field dark energy models
Creators: name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reconstruction of scalar-field dark energy models is studied for a general Lagrangian density $p(ϕ, X)$, where $X$ is a kinematic term of a scalar field $ϕ$. We implement the coupling $Q$ between dark energy and dark matter and express reconstruction equations using two observables: the Hubble parameter $H$ and the matter density perturbation $δ_m$. This allows us to determine the structure of corresponding theoretical Lagrangian together with the coupling $Q$ from observations. We apply our formula to several forms of Lagrangian and present concrete examples of reconstruction by using the recent Gold dataset of supernovae measurements. This analysis includes a generalized ghost condensate model as a way to cross a cosmological-constant boundary even for a single-field case.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
INTERTEMPORAL PERMIT TRADING FOR STOCK POLLUTANTS WITH UNCERTAINTY
Creators: name: Tarui, Nori
name: Tarui, Nori
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper explores the efficiency of tradable permit markets for stock pollutants. With uncertainty about the future stock level or damages, a market with banking and borrowing is inferior, in terms of efficiency, compared to a market without banking and borrowing if the regulator commits to an initial allocation of permits. This result occurs because, with banking and borrowing and commitment, the regulator needs to specify the total allowable amount of emission over time at the initial time period before the uncertainty with the pollution stock is resolved. An alternative banking and borrowing scheme is proposed, where the regulator can update the allocation of permits to firms over time and achieve the efficient pollution accumulation.
Blue Quantum Fog: Chiral Condensation in Quantum Helimagnets
Creators: name: Tewari, S.
name: Belitz, D.
name: Kirkpatrick, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a condensation transition involving a chiral order parameter can occur in itinerant helimagnets, in analogy to the transition between the isotropic phase and the phase known as blue fog or blue phase III in cholesteric liquid crystals. It is proposed that such a transition is the explanation for recent neutron scattering results in MnSi. Predictions are made that will allow to experimentally test this proposal.
description: 4pp, 1 eps fig
Molecular transport junctions: Current from electronic excitations in the leads
Creators: name: Galperin, Michael
name: Nitzan, Abraham
name: Ratner, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a model comprising a 2-level bridge connecting free electron reservoirs we show that coupling of a molecular bridge to electron-hole excitations in the leads can markedly effect the source-drain current through a molecular junction.In some cases, e.g. molecules that exhibit strong charge transfer transitions, the contribution from electron-hole excitations can exceed the Landauer elastic current and dominate the observed conduction.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRL
Phase Diagram of Amorphous Solid Water: Low-Density, High-Density, and Very-High-Density Amorphous Ices
Creators: name: Giovambattista, Nicolas
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
name: Sciortino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the phase diagram of amorphous solid water by performing molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations follow different paths in the phase diagram: isothermal compression/decompression, isochoric cooling/heating and isobaric cooling/heating. We are able to identify low-density amorphous (LDA), high-density amorphous (HDA), and very-high density amorphous (VHDA) ices. The density $ρ$ of these glasses at different pressure $P$ and temperature $T$ agree well with experimental values. We also study the radial distribution functions of glassy water. We obtain VHDA by isobaric heating of HDA, as in experiment. We also find that ``other forms'' of glassy water can be obtained upon isobaric heating of LDA, as well as amorphous ices formed during the transformation of LDA to HDA. We argue that these other forms of amorphous ices, as well as VHDA, are not altogether new glasses but rather are the result of aging induced by heating. Samples of HDA and VHDA with different densities are recovered at normal $P$, showing that there is a continuum of glasses. Furthermore, the two ranges of densities of recovered HDA and recovered VHDA overlap at ambient $P$. Our simulations are consistent with the possibility of HDA$\to$LDA and VHDA$\to$LDA transformations, reproducing the experimental findings. We do not observe a VHDA$\to$HDA transformation.
[Hupa vocabulary and grammatical elements]
Creators: name: Golla, Victor
name: Jackson, Louisa
name: Jackson, Ned
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: hup
subject: Hupa language

description: Digital images of file slips summarizing (a) data from Golla's field notebooks and (b) archival data collected by Edward Sapir. Box 6 of 9. Original slips dated 1963 to approximately 1970.
THE CAP REFORM AND EC-US RELATIONS: THE GATT AS A "CAP" ON THE CAP
Creators: name: Guyomard, Herve
name: Mahe, Louis Adrien Pascal
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Tarditi, Secondo
name: Guyomard, Herve
name: Mahe, Louis Adrien Pascal
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Tarditi, Secondo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy has entailed the substitution of new income support instruments for the former price based instruments, mainly in the cash crop sector. Our first point is that the domestic political balance was unable to generate such a large change in policy design, in spite of inefficiencies and inbalances. The pressure of the US has been a major factor in the design of the reform. We argue that trade interests have been crucial to catalyze international collective action in order to countervail domestic pressure groups. The pursuit of an agreement in the GATT is therefore a means to place a cap on the CAP and foster some reform and control over sectors such as sugar and dairy in other countries. We do not foresee the disappearance of sources of tensions between the two countries, as EC animal products become more competitive and as the working of the CAP in the vicinity of world prices will make trade flows sensitive to world macro-economic and agricultural shocks. The Uruguay Round, should not be considered as fully satisfactory, and the long-run objective of further decoupling of payments from production incentives should be pursued.
Matrix model for the total descendant potential of a simple singularity of type $D$
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Alexander
name: Milanov, Todor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K10, 14N10, 81T32

description: We construct a Hermitian matrix model for the total descendant potential of a simple singularity of type D similar to the Kontsevich matrix model for the generating function of intersection numbers on the Deligne--Mumford moduli spaces $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$.
description: 45 pages
Practical, problem-solving and investigational work in mathematics education for years 1, 2 and 3 of the secondary school
Creators: name: Roche, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Practical, problem-solving and investigational work in mathematics education for years 1, 2 and 3 of the secondary school
P-orbital magnetic topological states on square lattice
Creators: name: You, Jing-Yang
name: Gu, Bo
name: Su, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Honeycomb or triangular lattices were extensively studied and thought to be proper platforms for realizing quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), where magnetism is usually caused by d orbitals of transition metals. Here we propose that square lattice can host three magnetic topological states, including the fully spin polarized nodal loop semimetal, QAHE and topologically trivial ferromagnetic semiconductor, in terms of the symmetry and k$\cdot$p model analyses that are materials-independent. A phase diagram is presented. We further show that the above three magnetic topological states can be indeed implemented in two-dimensional (2D) materials ScLiCl5, LiScZ5 (Z=Cl, Br), and ScLiBr5, respectively. The ferromagnetism in these 2D materials is microscopically revealed from p electrons of halogen atoms. This present study opens a door to explore the exotic topological states as well as quantum magnetism from p-orbital electrons by means of the materials-independent approach.
Applying BCS-BEC Crossover Theory To High Temperature Superconductors and Ultracold Atomic Fermi Gases
Creators: name: Chen, Qijin
name: Stajic, Jelena
name: Levin, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review is written at the time of the twentieth anniversary of the discovery of high temperature superconductors, which, nearly coincides with the important discovery of the superfluid phases of ultracold trapped fermionic atoms. We show how these two subjects have much in common. Both have been addressed from the perspective of the BCS-Bose Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover scenario, which is designed to treat short coherence length superfluids with transition temperatures which are "high", with respect to the Fermi energy. A generalized mean field treatment of BCS-BEC crossover at general temperatures $T$, based on the BCS-Leggett ground state, has met with remarkable success in the fermionic atomic systems. Here we summarize this success in the context of four different cold atom experiments, all of which provide indications, direct or indirect, for the existence of a pseudogap. This scenario also provides a physical picture of the pseudogap phase in the underdoped cuprates which is a central focus of high $T_c$ research. We summarize successful applications of BCS-BEC crossover to key experiments in high $T_c$ systems including the phase diagram, specific heat, and vortex core STM data, along with the Nernst effect, and exciting recent data on the superfluid density in very underdoped samples,
description: Review article for the 20th anniversary of high Tc superconductivity, 20 pages, 25 figures, to appear in J Low Temp Phys
Analog quantum simulation of chemical dynamics
Creators: name: MacDonell, Ryan J.
name: Dickerson, Claire E.
name: Birch, Clare J. T.
name: Kumar, Alok
name: Edmunds, Claire L.
name: Biercuk, Michael J.
name: Hempel, Cornelius
name: Kassal, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast chemical reactions are difficult to simulate because they involve entangled, many-body wavefunctions whose computational complexity grows rapidly with molecular size. In photochemistry, the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation further complicates the problem by entangling nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom. Here, we show that analog quantum simulators can efficiently simulate molecular dynamics using commonly available bosonic modes to represent molecular vibrations. Our approach can be implemented in any device with a qudit controllably coupled to bosonic oscillators and with quantum hardware resources that scale linearly with molecular size, and offers significant resource savings compared to digital quantum simulation algorithms. Advantages of our approach include a time resolution orders of magnitude better than ultrafast spectroscopy, the ability to simulate large molecules with limited hardware using a Suzuki-Trotter expansion, and the ability to implement realistic system-bath interactions with only one additional interaction per mode. Our approach can be implemented with current technology; e.g., the conical intersection in pyrazine can be simulated using a single trapped ion. Therefore, we expect our method will enable classically intractable chemical dynamics simulations in the near term.
Quasars and their host galaxies
Creators: name: Lacy, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review attempts to describe developments in the fields of quasar and quasar host galaxies in the past five. In this time period, the Sloan and 2dF quasar surveys have added several tens of thousands of quasars, with Sloan quasars being found to z>6. Obscured, or partially obscured quasars have begun to be found in significant numbers. Black hole mass estimates for quasars, and our confidence in them, have improved significantly, allowing a start on relating quasar properties such as radio jet power to fundamental parameters of the quasar such as black hole mass and accretion rate. Quasar host galaxy studies have allowed us to find and characterize the host galaxies of quasars to z>2. Despite these developments, many questions remain unresolved, in particular the origin of the close relationship between black hole mass and galaxy bulge mass/velocity dispersion seen in local galaxies.
description: Review article, to appear in Astrophysics Update 2
Disorder and the effective Mn-Mn exchange interaction in Ga$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$As diluted magnetic semiconductors
Creators: name: da Silva, Antonio J. R.
name: Fazzio, A.
name: Santos, Raimundo R. dos
name: Oliveira, Luiz E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a theoretical study, using {\it ab initio} total energy density-functional calculations, of the effects of disorder on the $Mn-Mn$ exchange interactions for $Ga_{1-x}Mn_xAs$ diluted semiconductors. For a 128 atoms supercell, we consider a variety of configurations with 2, 3 and 4 Mn atoms, which correspond to concentrations of 3.1%, 4.7%, and 6.3%, respectively. In this way, the disorder is intrinsically considered in the calculations. Using a Heisenberg Hamiltonian to map the magnetic excitations, and {\it ab initio} total energy calculations, we obtain the effective $\JMn$, from first ($n=1$) all the way up to sixth ($n=6$) neighbors. Calculated results show a clear dependence in the magnitudes of the $\JMn$ with the Mn concentration $x$. Also, configurational disorder and/or clustering effects lead to large dispersions in the Mn-Mn exchange interactions, in the case of fixed Mn concentration. Moreover, theoretical results for the ground-state total energies for several configurations indicate the importance of a proper consideration of disorder in treating temperature and annealing effects.
The Role of Influencers in Adolescents' Consumer Decision-Making Process: A Sustainability Approach
Creators: name: Alves de Castro, Charles
name: O'Reilly, Isobel
name: Carthy, Aiden
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150502 Marketing Communications
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150505 Marketing Research Methodology
subject: 150599 Marketing not elsewhere classified
subject: 150506 Marketing Theory
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)

description: This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of social media influencers (SMIs), namely their impact on adolescents' lives from a consumer behaviour perspective. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to present valuable information regarding social media influencers as critical players in influencing young people during their purchase decision-making process. The major finding is that marketers must consider online marketing strategies using social media influencers as crucial components to reach the attention of younger generations, such as generation Z. Moreover, research suggests that social media influencers have been efficiently promoting both brands and products, using target audiences to effectively enhance communication among peers. In addition, this review offers insights on the importance of encouraging SMIs to promote environmentally friendly products to reduce waste and pollution, as well as to seek to promote awareness to adopt a sustainable lifestyle, helping to achieve the United Nations sustainable development goals, and in particular SDG-13, as per the 2030 climate action agenda.
[Hupa vocabulary and grammatical elements]
Creators: name: Golla, Victor
name: Jackson, Louisa
name: Jackson, Ned
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: hup
subject: Hupa language

description: Digital images of file slips summarizing (a) data from Golla's field notebooks and (b) archival data collected by Edward Sapir. Box 4 of 9. Original slips dated 1963 to approximately 1970.