cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Physical mechanism of superluminal traversal time: interference between multiple finite wave packets
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Li, Chun-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of superluminal traversal time through a potential well or potential barrier is investigated from the viewpoint of interference between multiple finite wave packets, due to the multiple reflections inside the well or barrier. In the case of potential-well traveling that is classically allowed, each of the successively transmitted constituents is delayed by a subluminal time. When the thickness of the well is much smaller in comparision with a characteristic length of the incident wave packet, the reshaped wave packet in transmission maintains the profile of the incident wave packet. In the case of potential-barrier tunneling that is classically forbidden, though each of the successively transmitted constituents is delayed by a time that is independent of the barrier thickness, the interference between multiple transmitted constituents explains the barrier-thickness dependence of the traversal time for thin barriers and its barrier-thickness independence for thick barriers. This manifests the nature of Hartman effect.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, Some comments and suggestions are appreciated
Rare Event Sampling Improves Mercury Instability Statistics
Creators: name: Abbot, Dorian S.
name: Webber, Robert J.
name: Hadden, Sam
name: Seligman, Darryl
name: Weare, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the chaotic nature of planetary dynamics, there is a non-zero probability that Mercury's orbit will become unstable in the future. Previous efforts have estimated the probability of this happening between 3 and 5 billion years in the future using a large number of direct numerical simulations with an N-body code, but were not able to obtain accurate estimates before 3 billion years in the future because Mercury instability events are too rare. In this paper we use a new rare event sampling technique, Quantile Diffusion Monte Carlo (QDMC), to estimate that the probability of a Mercury instability event in the next 2 billion years is approximately $10^{-4}$ in the REBOUND N-body code. We show that QDMC provides unbiased probability estimates at a computational cost of up to 100 times less than direct numerical simulation. QDMC is easy to implement and could be applied to many problems in planetary dynamics in which it is necessary to estimate the probability of a rare event.
description: Abbot et al 2021 ApJ 923 236
Evidence for Non-Hydrostatic Gas Motions in the Hot ISM of Centaurus A
Creators: name: Kraft, R. P.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Sivakoff, G. R.
name: Jordán, A.
name: Nulsen, P. E. J.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Jones, C.
name: Worrall, D. M.
name: Croston, J. H.
name: Evans, D. A.
name: Raychaudhury, S.
name: Murray, S. S.
name: Brassington, N. J.
name: Goodger, J. L.
name: Harris, W. E.
name: Juett, A. M.
name: Sarazin, C. L.
name: Woodley, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results from a deep (600 ks) {\em Chandra} observation of the hot interstellar medium of the nearby early-type galaxy Centaurus A (Cen A). We find a surface brightness discontinuity in the gas $\sim$3.5 kpc from the nucleus spanning a 120$^\circ$ arc. The temperature of the gas is 0.60$\pm$0.05 and 0.68$\pm$0.10 keV, interior and exterior to the discontinuity, respectively. The elemental abundance is poorly constrained by the spectral fits, but if the abundance is constant across the discontinuity, there is a factor of 2.3$\pm$0.4 pressure jump across the discontinuity. This would imply that the gas is moving at 470$\pm$100 km s$^{-1}$, or Mach 1.0$\pm$0.2 (1.2$\pm$0.2) relative to the sound speed of the gas external (internal) to the discontinuity. Alternatively, pressure balance could be maintained if there is a large (factor of $\sim$7) discontinuity in the elemental abundance. We suggest that the observed discontinuity is the result of non-hydrostatic motion of the gas core (i.e. sloshing) due to the recent merger. In this situation, both gas motions and abundance gradients are important in the visibility of the discontinuity. Cen A is in the late stages of merging with a small late-type galaxy, and a large discontinuity in density and abundance across a short distance demonstrates that the gas of the two galaxies remains poorly mixed even several hundred million years after the merger. The pressure discontinuity may have had a profound influence on the temporal evolution of the kpc-scale jet. The jet could have decollimated crossing the discontinuity and thereby forming the northeast radio lobe.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table - accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
KM3NeT: Towards a km3 Mediterranean Neutrino Telescope
Creators: name: Katz, Ulrich F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos is one of the most promising future options to increase our knowledge on non-thermal processes in the universe. Neutrinos are e.g. unavoidably produced in environments where high-energy hadrons collide; in particular this almost certainly must be true in the astrophysical accelerators of cosmic rays, which thus could be identified unambiguously by sky observations in "neutrino light". To establish neutrino astronomy beyond the detection of single events, neutrino telescopes of km3 scale are needed. In order to obtain full sky coverage, a corresponding detector in the Mediterranean Sea is required to complement the IceCube experiment currently under construction at the South Pole. The groups pursuing the current neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea, ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR, have joined to prepare this future installation in a 3-year, EU-funded Design Study named KM3NeT. This report will highlight some of the physics issues to be addressed with the KM3NeT detector and will outline the path towards its realisation, with a focus on the upcoming Design Study.
description: Presented at VLVnT2 Workshop, Catania, Siciliy, Italy, 8-11 Nov 2005
The new orbital parameters of the R Aquarii symbiotic system
Creators: name: Alcolea, Javier
name: Mikołajewska, Joanna
name: Gómez-Garrido, Miguel
name: Bujarrabal, Valentín
name: Iłkiewicz, Krystian
name: Castro-Carrizo, Arancha
name: Desmurs, Jean-François
name: Santander-García, Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: AGB stars, binary stars, symbiotic systems, orbital parameters, SiO masers,

description: R Aquarii is the better studied D-type symbiotic system and the closest interacting binary. Despite this, some orbital parameters are still inferred from reasonable assumptions and not real observational data. We have derived, for the first time, the full set of the orbital parameters based on purely observational data, concluding on some other relevant parameters of the system. We have used an updated velocity curve for the primary, and, for the first time, three observations resolving the two components of the system. A movie including the a view of the orbits of the two components w.r.t. the centre of masses, and of the predicted radial velocities is included as a mp4 file (out.mp4).
description: {"references": ["Gromadzki & Miko\u0142ajewska 2009, A&A 495, 931", "Min et al. 2014, PASJ 66, 38", "Schmid et al. 2017, A&A 602, 53", "Bujarrabal et al. 2018, A&A 616, 3"]}
String Effects on Fermi--Dirac Correlation Measurements
Creators: name: Delgado, Rosa Maia Duran
name: Gustafson, Gosta
name: Lonnblad, Leif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate some recent measurements of Fermi--Dirac correlations by the LEP collaborations indicating surprisingly small source radii for the production of baryons in $e^+e^-$-annihilation at the $Z^0$ peak. In the hadronization models there are besides the Fermi--Dirac correlation effect also a strong dynamical (anti-)correlation. We demonstrate that the extraction of the pure FD effect is highly dependent on a realistic Monte Carlo event generator, both for separation of those dynamical correlations which are not related to Fermi--Dirac statistics, and for corrections of the data and background subtractions. Although the model can be tuned to well reproduce single particle distributions, there are large model-uncertainties when it comes to correlations between identical baryons. We therefore, unfortunately, have to conclude that it is at present not possible to make any firm conclusion about the source radii relevant for baryon production at LEP.
Gravitation Physics at BGPL
Creators: name: Boynton, P. E.
name: Bonicalzi, R. M.
name: Kalet, A. M.
name: Kleczewski, A. M.
name: Lingwood, J. K.
name: McKenney, K. J.
name: Moore, M. W.
name: Steffen, J. H.
name: Berg, E. C.
name: Cross, W. D.
name: Newman, R. D.
name: Gephart, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report progress on a program of gravitational physics experiments using cryogenic torsion pendula undergoing large-amplitude torsion oscillation. This program includes tests of the gravitational inverse square law and of the weak equivalence principle. Here we describe our ongoing search for inverse-square-law violation at a strength down to $10^{-5}$ of standard gravity. The low-vibration environment provided by the Battelle Gravitation Physics Laboratory (BGPL) is uniquely suited to this study.
description: To be published in The Proceedings of the Francesco Melchiorri Memorial Conference as a special issue of New Astronomy Reviews
Adiabatic Lindbladian Evolution with Small Dissipators
Creators: name: Joye, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q05, 81Q93, 81Q12

description: We consider a time-dependent small quantum system weakly coupled to an environnement, whose effective dynamics we address by means of a Lindblad equation. We assume the Hamiltonian part of the Lindbladian is slowly varying in time and the dissipator part has small amplitude. We study the properties of the evolved state of the small system as the adiabatic parameter and coupling constant both go to zero, in various asymptotic regimes. In particular, we analyse the deviations of the transition probabilities of the small system between the instantaneous eigenspaces of the Hamiltonian with respect to their values in the purely Hamiltonian adiabatic setup, as a function of both parameters.
description: Some arguments slightly extended, comments and references added, typos corrected. To appear in Commun. Math. Phys
title: Understanding and addressing the social impacts of closure at the Raglan Mine, Nunavik, Quebec
Creators: name: Potvin, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: In the past, mine developments did not require remediation and closure plans. Mine sites were shut-down unexpectedly and left abandoned, resulting in everlasting impacts on the environment and to the communities that were involved. As a result, mine closure plans are now required from the very onset of mine development. However, in order for a mine closure plan to be successful, community engagement is critical but is often lacking; this poses an even greater challenge when working with Indigenous communities whose values and beliefs vary from those of technical experts that aim to improve the mine site after it has been closed. The Inuit communities of Salluit and Kangiqsujuaq are located in proximity to the Glencore Raglan Mine. The Raglan Mine is working to develop a closure plan that encompasses local and Inuit concerns regarding the future closure of the mine. An in-depth literature review was conducted and semi-structured interviews were undertaken with Inuit to understand their concerns regarding the closure of the Raglan Mine, and also their vision for a post-mining economy. Results revealed that the Inuit of Salluit and Kangiqsujuaq have strong and clear views for various aspects of mine closure, including infrastructure and the environment. These communities welcome future engagement from Raglan Mine to develop a closure plan that satisfies all parties. The results of this research emphasize the need for mining companies to collaborate with all impacted parties in order to achieve successful closure at current and future natural resource developments.
Kinetics and mechanism of proton transport across membrane nanopores
Creators: name: Dellago, Christoph
name: Hummer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use computer simulations to study the kinetics and mechanism of proton passage through a narrow-pore carbon-nanotube membrane separating reservoirs of liquid water. Free energy and rate constant calculations show that protons move across the membrane diffusively in single-file chains of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. Proton passage through the membrane is opposed by a high barrier along the effective potential, reflecting the large electrostatic penalty for desolvation and reminiscent of charge exclusion in biological water channels. At neutral pH, we estimate a translocation rate of about 1 proton per hour and tube.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Microbial biomineralization processes as part of the environmental P cycle: deciphering the genomic diversity and evolution of candidate gene families
Creators: name: Caumes, Géraldine
name: Rivas, Sara
name: Lelandais, Gaëlle
name: Fériel Skouri-Panet
name: Benzerara, Karim
name: Duprat, Elodie
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life and a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems. The understanding of the formation of ancient and modern phosphate sedimentary deposits, in relation with the biogeochemical P cycle, constitutes a major environmental issue. Microorganisms are involved in the P cycle, by their ability of active storage or release of inorganic phosphate, then available for the biosphere or trapped by biomineralization of mineral phases of calcium or metal phosphates.

In this study, we selected a set of gene families according to their potential influence on calcium or metal phosphate biomineralization. We aimed to describe their diversity in relation with the taxonomic distribution or environmental adaptation of microbial genomes. We proceeded in the functional annotation of these genes in the complete microbial genomes available in the NCBI Genome database, and identified specific pattern of gene composition and genomic organization.

In the context of the identification of microbial molecular processes of the P cycle, this study provides high quality reference sequence datasets of genes from diverse microbial species; these data will be essential for further annotation and combined analysis of metagenomic sequences and geochemical parameters from modern phosphatogenesis environments.
Explicit CP Violation in the MSSM Through Higgs --> gamma.gamma
Creators: name: Moretti, S.
name: Munir, S.
name: Poulose, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MSSM with explicit CP violation is studied through the di-photon decay channel of the lightest neutral Higgs boson. Through the leading one-loop order H1 --> gammar.gamma is affected by a large number of Higgs-sparticle couplings, which could be complex. Our preliminary scan over the Supersymmetric parameter space shows that more than 50% average deviations are possible, in either direction, in the corresponding branching ratio, with respect to the case of the CP-conserving MSSM. In particular, our analysis shows that in the presence of a light stop (with mass ~ 200 GeV) a CP-violating phase Arg(mu) ~ 90(deg) can render the H1 --> gamma.gamma branching ratio more than 10 times larger, for suitable combinations of the other MSSM parameters.
description: 12 Pages. RevTex4
Does Thailand's Society Believe That Having Facial Acne is a Problem? A Qualitative Data from In-Depth Interviewing Thai Young Adults in Bangkok
Creators: name: Nunthakun Muansong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory condition caused by the buildup of oil and dead skin cells within hair follicles, leading to whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples, and can significantly impact social and psychological well-being. In Thailand, perspectives on acne vary, especially within the context of Thai “sculptured” beauty standards, which shape specific views on acne. This study aims to understand how these perceptions influence Thai citizens' opinions and mindsets. This study uses qualitative research, which is an in-depth interview with 10 Thai citizens in Bangkok. The findings revealed that there has been a mutual agreement on the matter that acne appearing on themselves is considered as a negative consequence; however, it being on others is a natural occurrence and should be neutralized. As acne causes certain negative effects, participants decided it would be more beneficial to seek treatment by searching through the internet: advertisements for skincare and other alternatives. Thus, this study has the potential to be used as comprehensive information about acne to reduce misinformation, uplift citizens' mental health—especially to those who are new to the concept of acne—and to raise awareness on current misconceptions of acne.
Semialgebras and Weak Distributive Laws
Creators: name: Petrişan, Daniela
name: Sarkis, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by recent work on weak distributive laws and their applications to coalgebraic semantics, we investigate the algebraic nature of semialgebras for a monad. These are algebras for the underlying functor of the monad subject to the associativity axiom alone-the unit axiom from the definition of an Eilenberg-Moore algebras is dropped. We prove that if the underlying category has coproducts, then semialgebras for a monad M are in fact the Eilenberg-Moore algebras for a suitable monad structure on the functor id + M , which we call the semifree monad M^s. We also provide concrete algebraic presentations for semialgebras for the maybe monad, the semigroup monad and the finite distribution monad. A second contribution is characterizing the weak distributive laws of the form M T => T M as strong distributive laws M^s T => T M^s subject to an additional condition.
description: In Proceedings MFPS 2021, arXiv:2112.13746
INDIVIDUAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES FOR AN INTERTIDAL ROCKWEED TO CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SEA LEVEL RISE
Creators: name: Heyman, Ariel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: algae
emersion
intertidal zone
Pelvetiopsis californica
coastal squeeze
sea level rise

description: Organisms in the intertidal zone, which experience terrestrial conditions during low tide emersion and are submerged in seawater during high tide, are threatened by sea level rise (SLR) which could reduce annual emersion time by over 50% over the next 100 years. I tested the hypothesis that coastal squeeze and SLR conditions would negatively impact the performance of individuals of the canopy-forming seaweed Pelvetiopsis californica. Over four seasons, I performed population surveys at four sites in southern California, to collect baseline data on differences in physiology, reproduction, and tissue chemistry between individuals at the high and low edges of the natural vertical distribution for this species. At two of these sites, I conducted a 16-month manipulative experiment with three treatments: marked in place individuals (transplant controls: MIP) were not moved; transplant individuals within the natural vertical distribution (In Place Transplants = IPT) were relocated at the same tidal elevation; and Sea Level Rise Transplants (SLRT) were moved to a lower tidal elevation, exposing them to shorter emersion times (= SLR conditions). I assessed algal performance through monthly measurements of size, cover of epiphytic seaweeds (which grow on the host, blocking light and nutrients), reproductive potential, and photosynthetic potential (as Maximum Quantum Yield). While SLRT individuals had high photosynthetic potential and did reproduce, they lost more tissue (on average, 25% of their original length) than individuals in other treatments. More than three times as many individuals in the SLRT treatment were infected with epiphytic seaweeds than in IPT or MIP treatments. These data indicate substantial risk of SLR to populations of this seaweed and may help managers develop mitigation efforts for this important intertidal producer.
On vortices and rings in extended Abelian models
Creators: name: Doudoulakis, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical search for straight superconducting vortices in a U(1) model with a Ginzburg-Landau potential containing a cubic term, is presented. Such vortices exist in a small numerically determined region. The reasons of their existence in that narrow region of the parameter space, as well as of their instability in the rest of the parameter space, are explained. Then, the results of a numerical search for axially symmetric solitons in a U(1)\times U(1) model with higher derivative terms, which is based on Physica D 228 (2007) 159, are presented and discussed.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, minor changes. Revised edition published in Physica D
Tunable topological states hosted by unconventional superconductors with adatoms
Creators: name: Kreisel, Andreas
name: Hyart, Timo
name: Rosenow, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chains of magnetic atoms, placed on the surface of s-wave superconductors, have been established as a laboratory for the study of Majorana bound states. In such systems, the breaking of time reversal due to magnetic moments gives rise to the formation of in-gap states, which hybridize to form one-dimensional topological superconductors. However, in unconventional superconductors even non-magnetic impurities induce in-gap states since scattering of Cooper pairs changes their momentum but not their phase. Here, we propose a path for creating topological superconductivity, which is based on an unconventional superconductor with a chain of non-magnetic adatoms on its surface. The topological phase can be reached by tuning the magnitude and direction of a Zeeman field, such that Majorana zero modes at its boundary can be generated, moved and fused. To demonstrate the feasibility of this platform, we develop a general mapping of films with adatom chains to one-dimensional lattice Hamiltonians. This allows us to study unconventional superconductors such as Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ exhibiting multiple bands and an anisotropic order parameter.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, including supplemental material (published version)
Supernova Shock Breakout from a Red Supergiant
Creators: name: Schawinski, Kevin
name: Justham, Stephen
name: Wolf, Christian
name: Podsiadlowski, Philipp
name: Sullivan, Mark
name: Steenbrugge, Katrien C.
name: Bell, Tony
name: Roeser, Hermann-Josef
name: Walker, Emma
name: Astier, Pierre
name: Balam, Dave
name: Balland, Christophe
name: Carlberg, Ray
name: Conley, Alex
name: Fouchez, Dominque
name: Guy, Julien
name: Hardin, Delphine
name: Hook, Isobel
name: Howell, Andy
name: Pain, Reynald
name: Perrett, Kathy
name: Pritchet, Chris
name: Regnault, Nicolas
name: Yi, Sukyoung K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars undergo a violent death when the supply of nuclear fuel in their cores is exhausted, resulting in a catastrophic "core-collapse" supernova. Such events are usually only detected at least a few days after the star has exploded. Observations of the supernova SNLS-04D2dc with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer space telescope reveal a radiative precursor from the supernova shock before the shock reached the surface of the star and show the initial expansion of the star at the beginning of the explosion. Theoretical models of the ultraviolet light curve confirm that the progenitor was a red supergiant, as expected for this type of supernova. These observations provide a way to probe the physics of core-collapse supernovae and the internal structures of their progenitor stars
description: Science, in press. 32 pages, 7 figures
BODY COMPOSITION AND FITNESS CHARACTERISTICS FROM STRUCTURAL INCUMBENT FIREFIGHTERS IN A HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROGRAM: DIFFERENCES ACCORDING TO INJURY STATUS AND LOCATION
Creators: name: Ruvalcaba, Tomas Jason
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: health
fitness
injury
UBI
LBI
BI

description: Health and fitness characteristics can influence the performance of fireground operations and prevent injury. This study analyzed differences in health and fitness between healthy structural firefighters, and firefighters who self-reported a current injury. Archival data from firefighters in a health and wellness program was investigated. Body composition data included height; body mass; BMI; body fat percentage; fat and lean body mass; waist circumference; and waist:hip ratio. Fitness data included flexibility; grip strength; predicted 1RM leg press; crunches; push-ups; and estimated maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max). Firefighters self-reported if they were healthy or had a current injury, and its location (upper-body injury [UBI]; lower-body injury [LBI]; back injury [BI]). A one-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni post hoc, compared the between-group differences in body composition and fitness. When compared to healthy firefighters: UBI firefighters performed worse in the predicted 1RM leg press and push-ups (p ≤ 0.041); LBI firefighters were older and had worse BMI and waist circumference (p ≤ 0.033), and lesser 1RM leg press, crunches, and V̇O2max (p ≤ 0.012); BI firefighters performed worse in trunk extension, 1RM leg press, crunches, and push-ups (p ≤ 0.002). Poorer fitness test performance due to injury could indicate limitations in job task performance. Although poorer performance in the fitness tests could be the result of the current injury, these data may also highlight certain health and fitness qualities that could be developed to prevent specific injuries in structural firefighters.
What can we learn about light-meson interactions at electron-positron colliders?
Creators: name: Fang, Shuang-shi
name: Kubis, Bastian
name: Kupsc, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision studies at electron-positron colliders with center-of-mass energies in the charm-tau region and below have strongly contributed to our understanding of light-meson interactions at low energies. We focus on the processes involving two or three light mesons with invariant masses below nucleon-antinucleon threshold. A prominent role is given to the interactions of the nine lightest pseudoscalar mesons (pions, kaons, $η$, and $η'$) and the two narrow neutral isoscalar vector mesons $ω$ and $ϕ$. Experimental methods used to produce the mesons are reviewed as well as theory tools to extract properties of the meson-meson interactions. Examples of recent results from the DA$Φ$NE, BEPCII, and VEPP-2000 colliders are presented. In the outlook we briefly discuss prospects for further studies at future super-charm-tau factories.
description: 132 pages, 74 figures (v2: typos corrected, references updated, corresponds to the published version)
Ethical issues encountered by dentists in the care of institutionalized elders
Creators: name: Bryant, Stephen Ross
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Increasing numbers of institutionalized elders have very poor oral health. It has been suggested that ethical problems may influence dentists who attempt to provide oral care for these people, but little attention has been given to formal research in this area. A qualitative interview method was used to investigate the views and experiences of dentists working with institutionalized elders. Particular attention was given to the ethical difficulties encountered and how the dentists resolved them. Ten dentists experienced in long-term care were interviewed individually using openended questions. Verbatim transcripts were prepared from these interviews, and the dentists were interviewed again to validate a summary of their comments. An extensive thematic analysis identified that the dentists struggled primarily with practical rather than ethical problems. The ethical problems focused on the difficulty of identifying the wishes of patients or predicting the outcome of treatment. The participants reported few difficulties making clinical decisions in this setting, and it appeared that each participant had a consistent approach to resolving clinical problems. However, analysis revealed that the ethical perspectives of the dentists varied substantially. Variation was notable particularly in their preference for idealistic or realistic treatment and in their preference for autonomy or beneficence. The participants appeared to believe that the professional training of dentists promotes idealism and autonomy and that this may hinder decisions in a long-term care setting. Overall, this suggests that dentists might be better able to care for institutionalized elders if exposed to broader undergraduate instruction and experience in geriatric care.
Correspondence between kinematical backreaction and scalar field cosmologies - the `morphon field'
Creators: name: Buchert, Thomas
name: Larena, Julien
name: Alimi, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatially averaged inhomogeneous cosmologies in classical general relativity can be written in the form of effective Friedmann equations with sources that include backreaction terms. In this paper we propose to describe these backreaction terms with the help of a homogeneous scalar field evolving in a potential; we call it the `morphon field'. This new field links classical inhomogeneous cosmologies to scalar field cosmologies, allowing to reinterpret, e.g., quintessence scenarios by routing the physical origin of the scalar field source to inhomogeneities in the Universe. We investigate a one-parameter family of scaling solutions to the backreaction problem. Subcases of these solutions (all without an assumed cosmological constant) include scale-dependent models with Friedmannian kinematics that can mimic the presence of a cosmological constant or a time-dependent cosmological term. We explicitly reconstruct the scalar field potential for the scaling solutions, and discuss those cases that provide a solution to the Dark Energy and coincidence problems. In this approach, Dark Energy emerges from morphon fields, a mechanism that can be understood through the proposed correspondence: the averaged cosmology is characterized by a weak decay (quintessence) or growth (phantom quintessence) of kinematical fluctuations, fed by `curvature energy' that is stored in the averaged 3-Ricci curvature. We find that the late-time trajectories of those models approach attractors that lie in the future of a state that is predicted by observational constraints.
description: 36 pages and 6 Figures, matches published version in Class.Quant.Grav
A novel, potent and selective mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator: II. Effects in models predictive of therapeutic activity against cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia
Creators: name: M.D. Black
name: R. Kosley
name: R. Stevens
name: Y. Senyah
name: J. Jiang
name: O.E. Bergis
name: P. Pichat
name: S. Kafka
name: V. Naimoli
name: G.B. Varty
name: Griebel, Guy
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Cognitive impairments are a prominent feature of schizophrenia not addressed by current medications and which contributes significantly to residual disability burden of the disease. Many of these impairments can be traced to functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Metabotropic glutamate 2 receptors (mGluR2) are present at high levels in the PFC and human/rodent pharmacology data indicate that their activation improves cognitive deficits.

COMPOUND A is a novel and selective positive allosteric modulator of mGluR2 (see companion poster – Sahni et al.). The present study investigated the effects of COMPOUND A in a variety of tests predictive for both positive symptoms and cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia.

COMPOUND A (0.01-1 mg/kg po) was active in a number of schizophrenia-relevant cognition models in mice. Specifically, COMPOUND A reversed deficits in short-term visual episodic memory (MK801-disrupted novel object recognition) and working memory (Y-maze deficits in NR1 knockdown mice). The activity in the cognition models was also seen in clinically relevant translational cognition models (see companion poster – Naimoli et al.). COMPOUND A was also active in a hallucinogen-induced positive symptom model (DOI-induced head twitch: MED = 3 mg/kg po mouse, 10 mg/kg po rat). Furthermore, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that the activity of COMPOUND A in the hallucinogen model was directly related to the brain concentration. However, COMPOUND A had no effects in a battery of dopamine-mediated positive symptom assays. Importantly, no loss of antipsychotic activity was seen in these tests when COMPOUND A was administered in combination with typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, unlike current antipsychotic treatments, COMPOUND A did not produce any sedation or catalepsy.

The overall profile of COMPOUND A in these models suggests that COMPOUND A may be effective as an adjunct treatment with existing antipsychotic drugs (cognition improvement as primary endpoint) or as a monotherapy (positive symptoms and cognition improvement).
Unconstrained Binary Models of the Travelling Salesman Problem Variants for Quantum Optimization
Creators: name: Salehi, Özlem
name: Glos, Adam
name: Miszczak, Jarosław Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computing is offering a novel perspective for solving combinatorial optimization problems. To fully explore the possibilities offered by quantum computers, the problems need to be formulated as unconstrained binary models, taking into account limitation and advantages of quantum devices. In this work, we provide a detailed analysis of the Travelling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (TSPTW) in the context of solving it on a quantum computer. We introduce quadratic unconstrained binary optimization and higher order binary optimization formulations of this problem. We demonstrate the advantages of edge-based and node-based formulations of the TSPTW problem. Additionally, we investigate the experimental realization of the presented methods on a quantum annealing device. The provided results pave the path for utilizing quantum computer for a variety of real-world task which can be cast in the form of Travelling Salesman Problem with Time Windows problem.
description: 26 pages
Data visualization for reproducibility
Creators: name: Lawrence, Rebecca
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: There is a growing problem with the fact that much published research is proving hard to replicate. The reasons behind this are many, including not adhering to good scientific practice, the 'publish or perish' culture pushing researchers to overstate results and conclusions, a lack of methods detail provided in articles, and also often the underlying data is not shared (or not in a reusable form).  F1000Research, eLife, PLOS and others are now requiring open access to the data underlying their articles.

However, just providing the data in an article is not enough as referees and readers often lack the time to really go through such a dataset to understand what is in it.  At F1000Research we have therefore worked with many groups in the community to enable in-article data manipulation and visualization so that peer reviewers and readers can quickly get a sense of what is in the data and whether it matches the authors' analysis and conclusions. We have even published figures where the authors only submitted the data and some code, as well as 'living' figures where other labs can contribute their data 'live' onto a figure within an article.

Here we explain some of the benefits from the publishing perspective of data visualization and manipulation, show some examples we have worked on, and then share some of the challenges we have found.
Additional file 4 of Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in male mice with sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on transcriptome sequencing
Creators: name: Hu, Wen
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Zhang, Mei
name: Yu, Shilin
name: Zou, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. The statistical results of three key genes in qRT-PCR.
RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR ASOSIDA YOSHLARNI TADBIRKORLIKKA JALB ETISH
Creators: name: Raxmatullayeva, Durdona
name: Omonova, Xusnidaxon
Publisher: name: Academic Scientific Research
Year: 2024
Subjects: raqamli texnologiya
elektron ta'limi
moliyaviy savodxonlik
tadbirkorlik
tadbirkorlik kompetensiyasi

description: Ushbu maqolada bugungi kunda raqamli texnologiyalarga bo‘lgan ehtiyojlarning ortib borishi va uning ahamiyati hamda dolzarbliligi, raqamli  texnologiyalari asosida elektron o‘quv ta’limi resurslarini rivojlantirish masalalari va uni rivojlantirish aspektlari, elektron o‘quv ta’lim shaklini joriy etishning afzalliklari va uning natijalari tahlil bayon etilgan.
Estimation of the Mass of Dark Matter Using the Observed Mass Profiles of Late-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Borzou, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The system of stability equations for galactic halos is under-determined in most of the models of dark matter (DM). Conventionally, the issue is resolved by taking the temperature as a constant, and the chemical potential and the mass density as position-dependent variables. In this paper, to close the under-determined set of equations, we remove the mass density using observations and leave the temperature and the chemical potential as position-dependent variables. We analyze observations of the mass profiles of 175 late-type galaxies in the Spitzer Photometry \& Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) database as well as 26 late-type dwarfs in the Little Things database, to construct the temperature profile of their DM halos by assuming that (1) DM in the halos obeys either the Fermi-Dirac or the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, and (2) the halos are in the virial state. We derive the dispersion velocity of DM at the center of the halos and show that its correlation with the halo's total mass is consistent with the direct observations of visible matter. Taking the latter agreement as a validation of our analysis, we derive the mass to the temperature of DM at the edge of the halos and show that it is galaxy independent and is equal to $m/T_{R_{200}}\simeq 10^{10}$ in natural units. In the thermal models of DM, such universal temperature is inherently assumed. In this paper, we derive the universal temperature from observations without imposing it by assumptions. Therefore, $T_{R_{200}}$ in the above ratio can be expressed in terms of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at the time of DM decoupling. This result is used to study possible cosmological scenarios. We show that observations are at odds with (1) non-thermal DM, (2) hot DM, and (3) collision-less cold DM. If DM is warm, we estimate its mass to be in the range of keV--MeV.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Additional file 14 of Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in male mice with sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on transcriptome sequencing
Creators: name: Hu, Wen
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Zhang, Mei
name: Yu, Shilin
name: Zou, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 14. Transcriptome sequencing sample information.
Evolution of the magnetic anisotropy with carrier density in hydrogenated (Ga,Mn)As
Creators: name: Thevenard, Laura
name: Largeau, Ludovic
name: Mauguin, Olivia
name: Lemaître, Aristide
name: Khazen, Khashayar
name: Von Bardeleben, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)As thin films depend on both the Mn doping level and the carrier concentration. Using a post growth hydrogenation process we show that it is possible to decrease the hole density from 1.1021 cm-3 to <1017 cm-3 while maintaining the manganese concentration constant. For such a series of films we have investigated the variation of the magnetization, the easy and hard axes of magnetization, the critical temperatures, the coercive fields and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants as a function of temperature using magnetometry, ferromagnetic resonance and magneto-transport measurements. In particular, we evidenced that magnetic easy axes flipped from out-of-plane [001] to in-plane [100] axis, followed by the <110> axes, with increasing hole density and temperature. Our study concluded on a general agreement with mean-field theory predictions of the expected easy axis reversals, and of the weight of uniaxial and cubic anisotropies in this material.
description: 26 pages
Higher-Form Symmetries and Their Anomalies in M-/F-Theory Duality
Creators: name: Cvetic, Mirjam
name: Dierigl, Markus
name: Lin, Ling
name: Zhang, Hao Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore higher-form symmetries of M- and F-theory compactified on elliptic fibrations, determined by the topology of their asymptotic boundaries. The underlying geometric structures are shown to be equivalent to known characterizations of the gauge group topology in F-theory via Mordell--Weil torsion and string junctions. We further study dimensional reductions of the 11d Chern--Simons term in the presence of torsional boundary $G_4$-fluxes, which encode background gauge fields of center 1-form symmetries in the lower-dimensional effective gauge theory. We find contributions that can be interpreted as 't Hooft anomalies involving the 1-form symmetry which originate from a fractionalization of the instanton number of non-Abelian gauge theories in F-/M-theory compactifications to 8d/7d and 6d/5d.
description: 35 pages + appendices and references, 6 figures; v2: typos corrected, references added, published version
Kerr-Newman Solution and Energy in Teleparallel Equivalent of Einstein Theory
Creators: name: Nashed, Gamal G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact charged axially symmetric solution of the coupled gravitational and electromagnetic fields in the teleparallel equivalent of Einstein theory is derived. It is characterized by three parameters ``$ $the gravitational mass $M$, the charge parameter $Q$ and the rotation parameter $a$" and its associated metric gives Kerr-Newman spacetime. The parallel vector field and the electromagnetic vector potential are axially symmetric. We then, calculate the total energy using the gravitational energy-momentum. The energy is found to be shared by its interior as well as exterior. Switching off the charge parameter we find that no energy is shared by the exterior of the Kerr-Newman black hole.
description: 11 pages, Latex. Will appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Low-energy scattering of ultracold atoms by a dielectric nanosphere
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, T.
name: Akamatsu, D.
name: Kanamoto, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the low-energy scattering of ultracold atoms by a dielectric nanosphere of silica glass levitated in a vacuum. The atom and dielectric surface interact via dispersion force of which strength sensitively depends on the polarizability, dielectric function, and geometry. For cesium and rubidium atoms, respectively, we compute the atom-surface interaction strength, and characterize the stationary scattering states by taking adsorption of the atoms onto the surface into account. As the energy of the incoming atoms is lowered, we find that differences between quantum and classical scatterings emerge in two steps. First, the quantum-mechanical differential cross section of the elastic scattering starts to deviate from the classical one at an energy scale comparable to a few microkelvin in units of temperature due to the de Broglie matter-wave diffraction. Second, the differences are found in the cross sections in a regime lower than a few nanokelvin, where the classically forbidden reflection occurs associated with the $s$-wave scattering, and the discrete nature of angular momentum. We also study the dependencies of quantum and classical scattering properties on the radius of the nanosphere. This paper paves the way to identify the quantum regime and to understand the physical origin of quantum effects in the collisions between a nanoparticle and environmental gas over various temperatures.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures