Lycostomus ferrugineus
Creators: name: BOCAK, L.
name: MATSUDA, K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Lycidae
Lycostomus
Lycostomus ferrugineus

description: Lycostomus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1798)   
 Diagnosis. L. ferrugineus differs from congeneric species in the shape of epicranium (figures 7, 11), arrangement light patches on terga, and less tuberculate surface of sclerites.   
 Description of mature larva. Body elongate, widest in middle part of abdomen (figures 1, 4). Prothorax and partly meso- and metathorax dorsoventrally compressed, abdomen almost cylindrical. Sclerites dark brown to black, only lateral parts of pronotum, posterolateral parts of remaining thoracic nota, and segments A6–A9 yellow (figure 11). Head deeply retractable into pronotum. Stemma located in lateral membrane and partly surrounded by small sickle-shaped sclerite. Epicranium triangular, narrow, surrounded laterally by membrane attached to narrow ventrolateral sclerite. Ventral region of head very slightly sclerotized, without apparent border between sclerotized and membranous area. Maxillary palpi as long as membranous mala, palpifer as long as three apical palpomeres combined. Prementum divided into two independent segment-like tubes, closely attached at bases, labial palpi appearing 3-segmented in consequence (figure12). Prothorax apparently prolonged, triangular, prosternum very narrow, with sclerotized laterofrontal parts and sclerotized middle in basal part (figure 2). Episternum very long, narrow, epimeron small. Pronotum longitudinally divided at base and in frontal part (figure 1). Meso- and metanotum transverse, longitudinally divided. Sterna T2 and T3 very small, slightly sclerotized. Spiracular sclerite T2 large, spiracle at posterior margin, partly hidden in cavity formed by raised margin of sclerite. Frontal pleurite T3 with small tubercle in area corresponding to location of spiracle of T2. Episterna and epimera of T2 and T3 subequal in size (figure 2). Abdomen with terga A1–A8 longitudinally divided, A9 entire, with fixed short urogomphi (figure 11). Spiracular sclerite divided in anterior and posterior part (figures 2, 3). Sterna formed by two rounded sclerites located in common, less sclerotized plate, posterior margin with row of short setae.   
 Measurements. Mature larva. BL 17.4–19.5 mm, PW 2.7–3.1 mm, PL 3.0–3.5 mm, width at A4 5.3–6.0 mm.   
 Pupa. Exarate, pronotum with numerous, small, slender processes at frontal and lateral margins, posterolateral angle of abdominal segments A1–A8 with two similar, small processes, A9 with urogomphi slender, long almost twice as long as segment. Pupa remaining in laterally split larval exuviae, larval head remaining undestroyed. Adults leave pupal exuviae through widely open longitudinal rupture of pronotum. Exuviae do not rupture in meso- and metanotum.   
 Material examined. Larvae of different age (5–21 mm long), 78 spec., one pupa, C. Sulawesi, 20 km SE, Tambarana, Camp Mauro, 120.30.33E, 1.15.00S, 11–16.vii.1999, Bolm lgt., 500 m (LMBC, KMTC, ARWC), two larvae reared to adults.
description: Published as part of BOCAK, L. & MATSUDA, K., 2003, Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 1463-1507 in Journal of Natural History 37 (12) on page 1476, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, http://zenodo.org/record/5260079