Andranthobius setirostris Valente & Silva, 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Valente, Roberta De Melo
name: Silva, Paulo Augusto Lima Da
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Andranthobius
Andranthobius setirostris

description: Andranthobius setirostris sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–6)
Male (Figs. 1–5). Body length (rostrum included): 4.2–7.4mm. Integument (Fig. 1 A) light brown with discrete, irregular and scattered dark brown spots; rostrum, collar, basal two thirds of antennal scape, scutellum and punctures of elytral striae dark brown; eyes silver. Subglabrous, clothed with golden microsetae; lateroventral margin of rostrum with an evident comb of coarse setae (Figs. 1 A, 3A). Punctures evident on rostrum, collar, pronotum and in the elytral striae. Mouthparts (Fig. 2): Mandibles (Figs. 2 A, D) symmetrical; apically with two distinct triangular incisors; dorsally convex, with two long setae (break in Fig. 2 D) and horizontal grooves in central region, ventrally concave and glabrous; molar region subtruncate, articular region convex and with short spines. Maxillae (Figs. 2 A, B) elongate, moving along vertical axis; galeo-lacinial complex (mala) with anterior rounded lobe, surpassing apex of palpomere I, setation: apical region covered by numerous long, narrow and arcuate (reflexed) setae, subapical region with numerous short narrow setae and row of eleven apically acuminate lacinial teeth (two shorter, more sclerotized, ventral and subcentral), region adjacent to stipes with seven setae; central region with six–eight ventral setae; palpiger with two dorsal setae and one very long lateral seta, reaching palpomere II; palpomere I 1.6 times wider than long, with apical transverse row of four very long setae, palpomere II 1.4 times longer than wide, with one seta on apicolateral edge of outer margin; palpomere III 1.3 longer than wide, with two elongate lateral sensilla, one very small seta along inner margin and numerous small sensilla on apical margin; stipes with one very long lateroventral seta and short basal seta; cardo with four short lateroventral setae. Labium (Figs. 2 A, C): posmentum very elongate, 1.6 times longer than wide, concave and expanded laterally in distal region; prementum rectangular, with one very long seta on apicolateral outer margin, reaching apex of palpomere I; ligula elongate, narrowed, densely covered with setae; palpomere I 1.2 times longer than wide, with apical transverse row of four long setae and one ventrobasal seta as long as palpomeres I–III combined; palpomere II 1.4 times longer than wide, with ventroapical seta; palpomere III 2.2 times longer than wide, with one short seta on inner margin and numerous small sensillae on apical margin. Rostrum 0.6–0.8 times as long as pronotum; lateroventral margins parallel, becoming very narrow in basal third and throughout length with evident row of tubercles and comb of coarse setae, tubercles larger and setae longer towards apex (Fig. 3 A); without carina, with evident dorsomedian groove from base almost to apex (Fig. 3 B), less evident groove above scrobe; epistoma bilobed, with two flattened median setae and three lateral setae (Fig. 3 C). Scrobe extending from eye to apical third of rostrum; with carinate margins; with dorsal row of setae directed to central region (viewed at 170x, Fig. 3 B). Antennae: antennal insertion median; scape 1.2 times as long as funicle; funicle: article I 1.9 times as long as article II, article II 1.8 times as long as article III, articles III–VII subequal in length and progressively wider; club 2.0 times longer than wide. Head (Fig. 3 D): postocular sulcus evident; eyes very prominent, basal in rostrum, with interocular microsetae. Pronotum (Figs. 1 A, 4A) 1.1–1.3 times wider than long; anterior margin truncate; lateral margins with evident anterior obtuse tubercle, posterior margin as wide as humeri, forming acute discreet tubercle at lateral margin. Prosternum (Fig. 1 A) with fine striae, distal margin truncate; prosternal process discrete, extending beyond procoxal cavities, with distal margin enlarged, concave and with an obtuse bulge on each side. Prolegs slightly longer, meso- and metalegs subequal in length. Procoxae (Fig. 1 A) near posterior margin of prosternum. Protibiae concave and enlarged distally; with dorsal row of tiny teeth and comb of short setae in distal 1/3. Elytra 1.2–1.3 times longer than wide, 1.5–1.6 times longer than pronotum; epipleuron (Fig. 1 A) with inflexion well marked along interval IX, forming acute angle with side in lateral view; intervals IX–X concave in basal 1/3; microsetae inserted before strial puncture and approximately 4.0 times longer than puncture (Fig. 4 B); intervals flat, with 3–4 rows of microsetae. Abdominal tergites (Fig. 4 C) with eight visible tergites, slightly sclerotized, tergites VII and VIII more strongly sclerotized; tergite VIII (pygidium) covered by elytra; tergite IV with only median spiculate patches on median sclerites; tergites V–VI with lateral and median spiculate patches on median sclerites; tergite VII with only lateral spiculate patches; tergites VII–VIII covered by fan-like setae, each with 3–7 long lobes projecting from apex, denser on tergite VIII; no plectra. Ventrites (Fig. 1 A) I–II and III–IV subequal in length; ventrite V 0.6–0.8 times as long as III–IV combined; ventrites I–II flat in middle; ventrite V transversely oblong, 4.6–5.3 times wider than long. Terminalia (Fig. 5): Sternum VIII (Fig. 5 A) consisting of two transversely oriented, semicircular sclerites (connected via membrane), each sclerite with three posterodorsal setae, basal margin and setae more sclerotized. Spiculum gastrale (Fig. 5 B) 1.2–1.3 times longer than median lobe; anteriorly expanded into an alate, curved lamina; stylus sinuate; posteriorly bifurcate, Y-shaped, furcal arms very short, symmetrical, truncate, not clavate, weakly sclerotized and apically diverging, lacking setae. Tegmen (Fig. 5 C) sclerotized, positioned basally at aedeagal apodemes, 0.6–0.7 times as long as median lobe; tegminal apodeme 0.3–0.4 times as long as median lobe, monofurcate, placed centrally in basal piece, narrowed, straight, weakly sclerotized apically; basal piece incomplete (not ring-like), simple (lacking paramere-like). Aedeagus (Figs. 5 D– E): median lobe distinctly broadened along posterior quarter, basally narrower, 5.6–5.7 longer than wide; with microsetae (100x), gradually denser to posterior region (apex); apex acutely lobed; basiventral margin concave; lateral margins sclerotized, narrow, parallel; central area membranous; distal region of internal sac with transverse band of microtrichae and triangular, strongly reflexed, uncinate sclerite; ostium large, distal, evident. Apodemes of aedeagus 0.6–0.7 times as long as median lobe, narrow, curved in basal 1/3, sclerotized, gradually weakly sclerotized apically.
Female (Figs. 1 B, 6). Body length (rostrum included): 4.3–6.2mm. Differs from male by rostrum lacking tubercles or comb of setae (Figs. 1 B, 6A); pronotum triangular, laterodistal tubercle smaller or absent (Figs. 1 B, 6B); abdominal tergites (Fig. 6 C): only seven visible, VII trapezoidal, convex in posterior margin; ventrites (Fig. 1 B): I–II convex in median region; V elongate, 3.6–4.1 times wider than long. Body part ratios: rostral length/ pronotal length: 0.8–0.9; eyes distance/eyes diameter: 0.8–0.9; pronotal width/length: 1.2–1.3; procoxal distance/ diameter: 0.3–0.4; elytral length/width: 1.3–1.4; elytral length/pronotal length: 1.9–2.0; length of ventrite V/length of ventrites III–IV combined: 0.8–0.9.
Variation. The integument varies from brown to light brown; irregular scattered dark spots vary from light brown to red brown; lateral projection of pronotum and projections of prosternum can be more or less evident; eyes can be black or stained black.
Etymology. Named for the conspicuous comb of setae on the lateroventral margins of the rostrum (only in males); from Latin seta (setae) and rostrum (rostrum).
Remarks. Andranthobius setirostris sp. nov. can be distinguished very easily from the others species of the genus by an anterior obtuse tubercle on the lateral margin of the pronotum (Figs. 1, 4 A, 6B) and by the rostrum of the males, which has a lateroventral row of tubercles and comb of setae (Figs. 1 A, 3A–B), while in females the rostrum does not have tubercles or a comb of setae (Figs. 1 B, 6A). In the remaining species of Andranthobius, the pronotum has no anterior tubercle and the rostrum is smooth, with no tubercles and no comb of setae in males and females. In addition, the body size of the new species in general is much larger (4.3–7.0 mm) than the remaining species of the genus (2.2–3.0 mm) and the shape of the prothorax is strongly trapezoidal, especially in the males. The prosternal process of Andranthobius setirostris sp. nov. is distinct (Fig. 1) and, as in most other species of the genus, except A. bondari, is smaller in the females. Also, the new species has maxillary lacinial teeth apically acuminate, while in the remaining species of the subtribe Notolomina the lacinial teeth are apically bifurcate, terminating in two separate projections (Franz 2006). Finally, A. setirostris sp. nov. is the first species of Andranthobius recorded from the Amazon region and has been collected only from S. cocoides and S. vermicularis, while the remaining species of Andranthobius have been collected in others species of Syagrus (S. botryophora, S. coronata and S. romanzoffiana) or in other genera of palms.
Natural history. Adults were collected by the first author in inflorescences of two species of Syagrus, S. cocoides and S. vermicularis, locally known as “piririma” and “gueroba”, respectively. In Canaã dos Carajás and São Geraldo do Araguaia, Andranthobius setirostris sp. nov. were collected in flowers of S. cocoides and S. vermicularis, while in Monte Alegre, Melgaço (National Forest of Caxiuanã) and Altamira this weevil was collected only in flowers of S. cocoides, as S. vermicularis was not recorded in these localities. This is the first record of S. cocoides and S. vermicularis as a host of Andranthobius. In the studied localities, insects were collected from flowers of Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc., in addition to a number of other palms (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. M e y., Astrocaryum gynacanthum Mart., Astrocaryum murumuru Mart., Astrocaryum paramaca Mart., Astrocaryum vulgare Mart., Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart., Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng., Acrocomia aculeata, Bactris acanthocarpa Mart., Bactris brongniartii Mart., Bactris campestris Poepp. ex Mart., Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart., Euterpe oleracea Mart., Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Kunth, Oenocarpus distichus Mart., Mauritia flexuosa L. f., Mauritiella armata (Mart.) Burret and Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendl.). But specimens of Andranthobius setirostris sp. nov. were found only in S. cocoides and S. vermicularis, suggesting that the association is specific at least locally. In addition, A. setirostris sp. nov. was not collected in flowers of Euterpe longebracteata Barb. Rodr., Oenocarpus distichus nor on unidentified species of Bactris in Querência, Mato Grosso (Valente & Guimarães 2010).
Geographical distribution. This species has been found in lowland rainforest (Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço) at elevations ranging from 50 to 500 m above sea level, and in open forests (Monte Alegre, Altamira, Canaã dos Carajás and São Geraldo do Araguaia) at elevations ranging from 110 to 500m above sea level. All localities are in Pará state, Brazil.
Type material. Holotype male deposited in MPEG: “ Brasil –PA–Canaã dos Carajás\ Projeto Níquel Vermelho\ -6°28’32’’/-49°52’27’’\ 25–XI–2005 \ R.M. Valente Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus vermicularis \ Amostra 05” [label 2]. Allotype female deposited in MPEG: same as holotype. Paratypes: same as holotype (5 ♂ (3 dissected), 4 ♀ (1 dissected), MPEG); same as holotype but “Amostra 01” (4 ♂ (2 dissected), MPEG); “Amostra 02” (2 ♂ (1 dissected), 8 ♀, MPEG); “Amostra 03” (4 ♂ (2 dissected), 5 ♀, MZUSP); “Amostra 04” (4 ♂, 6 ♀ (1 dissected), MPEG); “Amostra 06” (4 ♂, 7 ♀, AMNH); “Amostra 07” (7 ♂ (1 dissected), 3 ♀, UFPA); “Amostra 08” (1 ♂, 4 ♀, UFPA; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, CMNC); “ 7–V–2004, Amostra 01” (6 ♂, 7 ♀, MPEG); “ 7–V–2004, Amostra 02” (5 ♂ (1 dissected), 6 ♀, MPEG); “ 25–VII–2004, Amostra 01” (3 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–XI–2005, Amostra 01” (5 ♂ (1 dissected), 6 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–XI–2005, Amostra 03” (6 ♂ (1 dissected), 4 ♀, MPEG); “ Brasil –PA–Canaã dos Carajás\ Projeto Níquel Vermelho\ -6°28’32’’/-49°52’27’’\ 24–VII–2004 \ R.M. Valente Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus cocoides \ Amostra 01” [label 2] (2 ♂, 2 ♀ (1 dissected), MPEG); same data but, “ 25– VII–2004 ” (1 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–VII–2004 ” (9 ♂, 20 ♀ (1 dissected), UFPA); “ 26–XI–2005 ” (2 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–XI–2005, Amostra 02” (1 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–XI–2005, Amostra 03” (1 ♂, 9 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–XI–2005, Amostra 04” (3 ♂, 1 ♀, UFPA); “ 27–XI–2005, Amostra 05” (2 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “ 28–XI–2005, Amostra 01” (2 ♀, MPEG); “ 28–XI–2005, Amostra 02” (1 ♀, MPEG); “ 30–XI–2005, Amostra 01” (2 ♂, 6 ♀, MPEG); “ 30–XI–2005, Amostra 02” (5 ♂, 5 ♀, UFPA); “ 30–XI–2005, Amostra 03” (1 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “ 30–XI–2005, Amostra 04” (5 ♂, 10 ♀, MPEG); “ 30–XI–2005, Amostra 05” (1 ♂, 4 ♀, MPEG); “ 30–XI–2005, Amostra 06” (1 ♂, MPEG); “ Brasil – PA–Altamira\ Agropecuária W.R.\ -52°22'27.9''/-3°32'00.7''\ 13–IV–2008 \ R.M. Valente Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus cocoides \ Amostra 01” [label 2] (2 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Itapuama, - 52°20'43.6''/-3°36'20.5'', 15–IV–2008, Amostra 01” (3 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “Itapuama, -52°20'43.6''/-3°36'20.5'', 24– IV–2008, Amostra 02” (4 ♂, 4 ♀, UFPA); “ Brasil –PA–Melgaço\ FLONA de Caxiuanã\ Grade do PPBio, Linha L\ 26–IX–2010 \ -1°58'57.6''/-51°39'06.5''\ J.R. Guimarães Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus cocoides \ Amostra 01\ 9:13 horas” [label 2] (2 ♂, 1 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Amostra 0 2, 9:31 horas” (5 ♂, 7 ♀, UFPA); “-1°58'59.68''/-51°39'04.2'', Amostra 0 3, 10:18 horas” (2 ♂, 5 ♀, MPEG); “-1°59'00.1''/-51°39'05.0'', Amostra 0 4, 10:32 horas” (10 ♂, 9 ♀, UFPA); “-1°59'06.0''/-51°39'06.0'', Amostra 0 6, 11:21 horas” (1 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “ 28– IX–2010, -1°58'59.4''/-51°39'04.2'', Amostra 0 7, 9:44 horas” (2 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “ 28–IX–2010, -1°59'02.4''/- 51°39'04.8'', Amostra 08” [no time] (3 ♂, 5 ♀, MPEG); “ 1–X–2010, Amostra 10” [no coordinate, no time] (2 ♂, 8 ♀, MPEG); “ 1–X–2010, Amostra 11” [no coordinate, no time] (1 ♀, MPEG); “ 1–X–2010, Amostra 12” [no coordinate, no time] (3 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “ 1–X–2010, -1°59'00.3''/-51°39'06.7'', Amostra 13, 10:24 horas” (1 ♀, MPEG); “ 24–IX–2011, Amostra 14, 11:21 horas” [no coordinate] (1 ♂, 1 ♀, MPEG); “ 24–IX–2011, -1°59.061'/- 51°39.089', Amostra 15, 9:05 horas” (1 ♂,1 ♀, MPEG); “ 24–IX–2011, Amostra 17, 12:15 horas” [no coordinate], (3 ♂, 7 ♀, MPEG); “ 26–IX–2011, -1°59.010'/-51°39.044', Amostra 19, 9:38 horas” (6 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “ 26–IX– 2011, -1°59.112'/-51°39.068', Amostra 21, 10:40 horas” (8 ♂, 11 ♀, UFPA); “ 26–IX–2011, -1°59.081'/-51°39.111', Amostra 23, 11:38 horas” (1 ♂, 5 ♀, MPEG); “ 26–IX–2011, Amostra 24, 11:45 horas” [no coordinate] (2 ♂, 1 ♀, MPEG); “ 26–IX–2011, -1°59.056'/-51°39.091', Amostra 25, 11:55 horas” (4 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–IX–2011, - 1°58.984'/-51°39.087', Amostra 26, 8:31 horas” (4 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–IX–2011, -1°58.996'/-51°39.058', Amostra 27, 8:41 horas” (6 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–IX–2011, -1°59.145'/-51°39.068', Amostra 28, 8:58 horas” (1 ♂, 4 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–IX–2011, -1°59.074'/-51°39.106', Amostra 29, 9:16 horas” (1 ♀, MPEG); “ 27–IX–2011, - 1°59.055'/-51°39.128', Amostra 30, 9:38 horas” (2 ♂, MPEG); “ 27–IX–2011, -1°59.103'/-51°39.140', Amostra 31, 10:02 horas” (1 ♂, MPEG); “ 27–IX–2011, -1°59.115'/-51°39.144', Amostra 32, 10:13 horas” (1 ♂, MPEG); “ 27– IX–2011, -1°59.094'/-51°39.063', Amostra 33, 11:25 horas” (1 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “ Brasil –PA–Melgaço\ FLONA de Caxiuanã\ Grade do PPBio\ 15–XI–2011 \ J.R. Guimarães Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus cocoides \ Amostra 01\ 9:25 horas” [label 2] (4 ♂, 1 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Amostra 0 2, 10:26 horas” (2 ♂, 4 ♀, MPEG); “Amostra 0 4, 10:57 horas” (3 ♂, 6 ♀, MPEG); “ 17–IX–2011, Amostra 0 9, 8:47 horas” (3 ♂, 5 ♀, MPEG); “ Brasil – PA–Monte Alegre\ Piaful\ 27–I–1996 \ R.M. Valente Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus cocoides \ Amostra 01” [label 2] (2 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Amostra 02” (5 ♂, 8 ♀, UFPA); “ 28–I–1996, Amostra 01” (5 ♂, 7 ♀, MPEG); “ Brasil –PA–Monte Alegre\ Serra Itauajuri\ 28–I–1996 \ R.M. Valente Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus cocoides \ Amostra 01” [label 2] (16 ♂, 26 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Amostra 02” (1 ♂, 8 ♀, UFPA); “Amostra 03” (2 ♂, 9 ♀, MPEG); “Amostra 04” (10 ♂, 14 ♀, MPEG); “Amostra 05” (8 ♂, 5 ♀, MPEG); “ Brasil –PA–São Geraldo\ do Araguaia\ Serra das Andorinhas\ 03–XII–2006 \ I.S. Gorayeb Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus cocoides ” [label 2] (3 ♀, MPEG); “ Brasil –PA–São Geraldo\ do Araguaia\ Serra das Andorinhas\ 28–X–2011 \ J.R. Guimarães Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus vermicularis \ Amostra 14\ 15:38 horas” [label 2] (1 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Amostra 15, 15:07 horas” (1 ♀, MPEG); “ 30–X– 2011, Amostra 18, 10:00 horas” (1 ♂, 3 ♀, UFPA); “ Brasil –PA–São Geraldo\ do Araguaia\ Serra das Andorinhas\ Caldeirão do Diabo\ 24–X–2011 \ J.R. Guimarães Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus vermicularis \ Amostra 11\ 15:12 horas” [label 2] (2 ♂, 1 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Córrego Água Boa, 26–X–2011, Amostra 0 1, 10:10 horas” (1 ♂, 4 ♀, MPEG); “Córrego Água Boa, 27–X–2011, Amostra 0 2, 13:25 horas” (1 ♂, 3 ♀, MPEG); “Vila de Santa Cruz, 24–X–2011, Amostra 0 2, 08:57 horas” (3 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG); “Vila de Santa Cruz, 24– X–2011, Amostra 0 3, 9:23 horas” (2 ♀, MPEG); “ Brasil –PA–São Geraldo\ do Araguaia\ Serra das Andorinhas\ Faz. [Fazenda] do Cunha \ Ig. [Igarapé], Jatobá\ 25–X–2011 \ J.R. Guimarães Col. [label 1], Em inflorescência de\ Syagrus vermicularis \ Amostra 01\09:00 horas” [label 2] (1 ♂, 4 ♀, MPEG); same date but, “Amostra 0 2, 09:27 horas” (6 ♀, MPEG); “Amostra 0 3, 09:48 horas” (6 ♀, MPEG); “Amostra 0 4, 10:10 horas” (5 ♂, 4 ♀, MPEG); “Amostra 0 5, 10:12 horas” (3 ♂, 2 ♀, MPEG).
description: Published as part of Valente, Roberta De Melo & Silva, Paulo Augusto Lima Da, 2014, The first Amazonian species of Andranthobius Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with records of new host palms for the genus, pp. 458-468 in Zootaxa 3786 (4) on pages 459-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/228212