cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Low-Income and Low-Foodstore-Access Census Tracts, 2015–19
Creators: name: Rhone, Alana,
name: Williams, Ryan
name: Dicken, Christopher
name: Rhone, Alana,
name: Williams, Ryan
name: Dicken, Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: supermarkets
subject: grocery stores
subject: low income
subject: food access
subject: low access
subject: food deserts
subject: low income and low access
subject: census tracts
subject: healthy and affordable food
subject: foodstore
subject: U.S. Department of Agriculture
subject: USDA
subject: Economic Research Service
subject: ERS

description: Limited access to foodstores or other sources of healthy and affordable food may impede the ability of some people living in the United States to eat a healthy diet. Income, vehicle access, and distance to the nearest foodstore may be barriers to food access for some. This report updates estimates of low-income and low-foodstore-access census tracts—as found in USDA, Economic Research Service’s Food Access Research Atlas—using a 2019 directory of foodstores and 2014–18 American Community Survey data on household vehicle access and family income. The number of census tracts classified as low income (LI), based on the poverty rate and median income, decreased by 2 percent from 2015 to 2019. The number of census tracts classified as low access (LA) decreased for two out of three measures solely based on distance. For the fourth measure accounting for vehicle access, the number of LA census tracts shrank by 6.4 percent from 2015 to 2019. This decrease largely reflects higher levels of vehicle access across all U.S. housing units relative to 2015. Overlapping LI and LA tracts resulted in decreases in the number of low-income, low-access (LILA) tracts for two measures and increases in two measures. Overall, 33.2 percent of low-income individuals—those who have annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size—lived more than 1 mile from the nearest supercenter, supermarket, or large grocery store. Furthermore, 33.6 percent of households participating in the USDA Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) lived more than 1 mile from a food-store in 2019 compared with 34.2 percent in 2015.
On-Demand Myoelectric Control Using Wake Gestures to Eliminate False Activations During Activities of Daily Living
Creators: name: Eddy, Ethan
name: Campbell, Evan
name: Bateman, Scott
name: Scheme, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While myoelectric control has recently become a focus of increased research as a possible flexible hands-free input modality, current control approaches are prone to inadvertent false activations in real-world conditions. In this work, a novel myoelectric control paradigm -- on-demand myoelectric control -- is proposed, designed, and evaluated, to reduce the number of unrelated muscle movements that are incorrectly interpreted as input gestures . By leveraging the concept of wake gestures, users were able to switch between a dedicated control mode and a sleep mode, effectively eliminating inadvertent activations during activities of daily living (ADLs). The feasibility of wake gestures was demonstrated in this work through two online ubiquitous EMG control tasks with varying difficulty levels; dismissing an alarm and controlling a robot. The proposed control scheme was able to appropriately ignore almost all non-targeted muscular inputs during ADLs (>99.9%) while maintaining sufficient sensitivity for reliable mode switching during intentional wake gesture elicitation. These results highlight the potential of wake gestures as a critical step towards enabling ubiquitous myoelectric control-based on-demand input for a wide range of applications.
The Standard Model quark/lepton masses and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing in an ${\rm SU}(8)$ theory
Creators: name: Chen, Ning
name: Mao, Ying-nan
name: Teng, Zhaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed Standard Model (SM) quark/lepton mass hierarchies and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing pattern are described in an ${\rm SU}(8)$ theory through its realistic symmetry breaking pattern with three intermediate stages, which rely on a set of $d=5$ gravity-induced operators that break the emergent global symmetries in the chiral fermion sector, as well as the precise identifications of all non-trivially embedded SM flavors.
description: 44 pages with references, one appendix, 13 tables, 1 figure. Sequel to: arXiv:2307.07921, matches the published version
Continuum limit of the Green function in scaled affine $φ^4_4$ quantum Euclidean covariant relativistic field theory
Creators: name: Fantoni, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove through path integral Monte Carlo computer experiments that the affine quantization of the $φ_4^4$ scaled Euclidean covariant relativistic scalar field theory is a valid quantum field theory with a well defined continuum limit of the one- and two-point-function. Affine quantization leads to a completely satisfactory quantization of field theories using situations that involve scaled behavior leading to an unexpected, $\hbar^2/φ^2$ which arises only in the quantum aspects.
description: 13 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures
Non-contact photoacoustic imaging with a silicon photonics-based Laser Doppler Vibrometer
Creators: name: Dieussaert, Emiel
name: Baets, Roel
name: Jans, Hilde
name: Rottenberg, Xavier
name: Li, Yanlu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Photoacoustic imaging has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive modality for various biomedical applications. Conventional photoacoustic systems require contact-based ultrasound detection and expensive and bulky high-power lasers for the excitation. The use of contact-based detectors involves the risk of contamination, which is undesirable for most biomedical applications. While other non-contact detection methods can be bulky, in this paper, we demonstrate compact and contactless detection of photoacoustic signals on silicone samples embedded with ink-filled channels, mimicking tissue with blood-carrying veins. A silicon photonics-based Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) detects the acoustic waves excited by a compact pulsed laser diode. By scanning the LDV beam over the surface of the sample, 2D photoacoustic images were reconstructed of the sample. Photoacoustic signals with absorption coefficients within the physiological range were detected by this setup.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Scientific Reports
Pipistrellus wattsi Kitchener, Caputi & B. Jones 1986
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus
Pipistrellus wattsi

description: 46.
Watts’s Pipistrelle
Pipustrellus wattsi
French: Pipistrelle de Watts / German: \Watts-Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Pipistrela de Watts
Taxonomy. Pipistrellus watts: Kitchener, Caputi & B. Jones, 1986,
“Iepala, Papua New Guinea (8°05’S, 146°12’E).”
Specimens attributed to P. wattsi were originally included under P. tenuis and P. papuanus until it was described. Monotypic.
Distribution. SE Papua New Guinea and Samarai I.
Descriptive notes. Head-body 34-5-40-7 mm, tail 19-4-28-5 mm, ear 9-4— 11: 9 mm, hindfoot 5-4-8-1 mm, forearm 28-32-8 mm; weight 3-4 g (one specimen). Dorsal of Watts’s Pipistrelle pelage is dark blackish brown (bone-brown tipped and black basal two-thirds of hair); ventral pelage is buffier, with black-based hairs and pinkish buff tips. Uropatagium is lightly furred and pinkish buff around venation. Wings below humerus are heavily furred, with pinkish buff hairs. Ears are more rounded and less triangular than in other Papuan pipistrelles; tragus is ¢.50% the height of ear and has larger basal lobe, with more convex posterior edge. Glans penis and baculum are very similar to that of the Forest Pipistrelle (P. adamsi). Skull is small and fragile but similar to that of the Forest Pipistrelle in overall shape and structure; braincase is wide; sagittal crest is absent; lambdoidal crest is weak; zygomatic arches are weak; I* is bicuspid, and I’ is unicuspid and subequal to second cusp of I; P? is subequalto I’ in surface area and is within tooth row; and lower molars are nyctalodont.
Habitat. Coastal lowlands and urban areas from sea level to elevations up to ¢. 200 m.
Food and Feeding. Watts’s Pipistrelle is insectivorous.
Breeding. Seven reproductively active females were captured in February-March.
Activity patterns. Watts’s Pipistrelle is nocturnal and leaves roosts around dusk.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. Watts’s Pipistrelle has been recorded in colonies of 20 or fewer individuals in ceilings of houses.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although Watts’s Pipistrelle seems to have a rather restricted distribution, it does not seem to face any major threats. It also seems tolerant to human activities and has only really been recorded in urban areas.
Bibliography. Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso & Pennay (2008), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Hill & Harrison (1987), Kitchener et al. (1986).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Vespertilionidae, pp. 716-981 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 783, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6397752
di-Langlands correspondence and extended observables
Creators: name: Jeong, Saebyeok
name: Lee, Norton
name: Nekrasov, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We explore the $\textit{difference Langlands correspondence}$ using the four dimensional ${\mathcal{N}}=2$ super-QCD. Surface defects and surface observables play the crucial role. As an application, we give the first construction of the full set of quantum integrals, i.e. commuting differential operators, such that the partition function of the so-called regular monodromy surface defect is their joint eigenvectors in an evaluation module over the Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(2))$, making it the wavefunction of a $N$-site $\mathfrak{gl}(2)$ spin chain with bi-infinite spin modules. We construct the $\mathbf{Q}$- and $\tilde{\mathbf{Q}}$-surface observables which are believed to be the $Q$-operators on the bi-infinite module over the Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(2))$, and compute their eigenvalues, the $Q$-functions, as vevs of the surface observables.
description: 50+11 pages; v2. published version
Bispectral duality and separation of variables from surface defect transition
Creators: name: Jeong, Saebyeok
name: Lee, Norton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study two types of surface observables $-$ the $\mathbf{Q}$-observables and the $\mathbf{H}$-observables $-$ of the 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ $A_1$-quiver $U(N)$ gauge theory obtained by coupling a 2d $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ gauged linear sigma model. We demonstrate that the transition between the two surface defects manifests as a Fourier transformation between the surface observables. Utilizing the results from our previous works, which establish that the $\mathbf{Q}$-observables and the $\mathbf{H}$-observables give rise, respectively, to the $Q$-operators on the evaluation module over the Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{gl}(2))$ and the Hecke operators on the twisted $\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(N)$-coinvariants, we derive an exact duality between the spectral problems of the $\mathfrak{gl}(2)$ XXX spin chain with $N$ sites and the $\mathfrak{sl}(N)$ Gaudin model with 4 sites, both of which are defined on bi-infinite modules. Moreover, we present a dual description of the monodromy surface defect as coupling a 2d $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ gauged linear sigma model. Employing this dual perspective, we demonstrate how the monodromy surface defect undergoes a transition to multiple $\mathbf{Q}$-observables or $\mathbf{H}$-observables, implemented through integral transformations between their surface observables. These transformations provide, respectively, $\hbar$-deformation and a higher-rank generalization of the KZ/BPZ correspondence. In the limit $\varepsilon_2\to 0$, they give rise to the quantum separation of variables for the $\mathfrak{gl}(2)$ XXX spin chain and the $\mathfrak{sl}(N)$ Gaudin model, respectively.
description: 62+11 pages, 10 figures; v2. minor corrections, published version
RECOST: External Knowledge Guided Data-efficient Instruction Tuning
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Zhang, Yiming
name: Wang, Haobo
name: Zhao, Junbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the current landscape of large language models (LLMs), the process of instruction tuning serves as an essential step. Considering the high computing power overhead, data-efficient instruction tuning was proposed to reduce the training data size in this process, aiming at selecting high-quality instructional data. Nevertheless, we argue that most current data-efficient instruction-tuning methods are highly dependent on the quality of the original instruction-tuning dataset. When it comes to datasets synthesized by LLMs, a common scenario in this field, dirty samples will even be selected with a higher probability than other samples. To address these challenges, we utilized external knowledge (relevant examples or paragraphs) to evaluate those samples synthesized by LLMs with an in-context-based relative predictive entropy. Based on the new metric, we proposed a framework, dubbed as \textbf{RECOST}, which integrates external-knowledge-base re-ranking and diversity-consistent sampling into a single pipeline. Through extensive experiments on several synthetic datasets (Alpaca and Alpaca-gpt4), we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and achieve even better results with only \textbf{1\%} of the full dataset.
Supporting Data Management in Psychology - Project DataWiz
Creators: name: Kerwer, Martin
name: Bölter, Ronny
name: Weichselgartner, Erich
Publisher: name: Leibniz Institut für Psychologie (ZPID)
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Collection; Data Management; Psychology; DataWiz
subject: 150

description: Poster Presentation - European Data Science Conference
Analytic continuations and numerical evaluation of the Appell $F_1$, $F_3$, Lauricella $F_D^{(3)}$ and Lauricella-Saran $F_S^{(3)}$ and their Application to Feynman Integrals
Creators: name: Bera, Souvik
name: Pathak, Tanay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present our investigation of the study of two variable hypergeometric series, namely Appell $F_{1}$ and $F_{3}$ series, and obtain a comprehensive list of its analytic continuations enough to cover the whole real $(x,y)$ plane, except on their singular loci. We also derive analytic continuations of their 3-variable generalization, the Lauricella $F_{D}^{(3)}$ series and the Lauricella-Saran $F_{S}^{(3)}$ series, leveraging the analytic continuations of $F_{1}$ and $F_{3}$, which ensures that the whole real $(x,y,z)$ space is covered, except on the singular loci of these functions. While these studies are motivated by the frequent occurrence of these multivariable hypergeometric functions in Feynman integral evaluation, they can also be used whenever they appear in other branches of mathematical physics. To facilitate their practical use, we provide four packages: AppellF1$.$wl, AppellF3$.$wl, LauricellaFD$.$wl, and LauricellaSaranFS$.$wl in MATHEMATICA. These packages are applicable for generic as well as non-generic values of parameters, keeping in mind their utilities in the evaluation of the Feynman integrals. We explicitly present various physical applications of these packages in the context of Feynman integral evaluation and compare the results using other packages such as FIESTA. Upon applying the appropriate conventions for numerical evaluation, we find that the results obtained from our packages are consistent. Various Mathematica notebooks demonstrating different numerical results are also provided along with this paper.
description: Journal Version, Repository see https://github.com/souvik5151/Appell_Lauricella_Saran_functions
No massive black holes in the Milky Way halo
Creators: name: Mroz, P.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Kozlowski, S.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Skowron, D.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Rybicki, K.
name: Iwanek, P.
name: Wrona, M.
name: Ratajczak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational wave detectors have unveiled a population of massive black holes that do not resemble those observed in the Milky Way and whose origin is debated. According to one possible explanation, these black holes may have formed from density fluctuations in the early Universe (primordial black holes), and they should comprise from several to 100% of dark matter to explain the observed black hole merger rates. If such black holes existed in the Milky Way dark matter halo, they would cause long-timescale gravitational microlensing events lasting years. The previous experiments were not sufficiently sensitive to such events. Here we present the results of the search for long-timescale microlensing events among the light curves of nearly 80 million stars located in the Large Magellanic Cloud that were monitored for 20 years by the OGLE survey. We did not find any events with timescales longer than one year, whereas all shorter events detected may be explained by known stellar populations. We find that compact objects in the mass range from $1.8 \times 10^{-4}$ to $6.3\,M_{\odot}$ cannot compose more than 1% of dark matter, and those in the mass range from $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ to $860\,M_{\odot}$ cannot make up more than 10% of dark matter. Thus, primordial black holes in this mass range cannot simultaneously explain a significant fraction of dark matter and gravitational wave events.
description: Published in Nature. This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07704-6
Synthesis of epitaxial magnetic pyrochlore heterojunctions
Creators: name: Kareev, Mikhail
name: Liu, Xiaoran
name: Terilli, Michael
name: Wen, Fangdi
name: Wu, Tsung-Chi
name: Doughty, Dorothy
name: Li, Hongze
name: Zhou, Jianshi
name: Zhang, Qinghua
name: Gu, Lin
name: Chakhalian, Jak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synthesis of stoichiometric and epitaxial pyrochlore iridate thin films presents significant challenges yet is critical for unlocking experimental access to novel topological and magnetic states. Towards this goal, we unveil an in-situ two-stage growth mechanism that facilitates the synthesis of high-quality oriented pyrochlore iridate thin films. The growth starts with the deposition of a pyrochlore titanate as an active iso-structural template, followed by the application of an in-situ solid phase epitaxy technique in the second stage to accomplish the formation of single crystalline, large-area films. This novel protocol ensures the preservation of stoichiometry and structural homogeneity, leading to a marked improvement in surface and interface qualities over previously reported methods. The success of this synthesis approach is attributed to the application of directional laser-heat annealing, which effectively reorganizes the continuous random network of ions into a crystalline structure, as evidenced by our comprehensive analysis of the growth kinetics. This new synthesis approach advances our understanding of pyrochlore iridate film fabrication and opens a new perspective for investigating their unique physical properties.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures; supplementary materials (1 table, 6 figures)
Non-Hermitian sensing in the absence of exceptional points
Creators: name: Xiao, Lei
name: Chu, Yaoming
name: Lin, Quan
name: Lin, Haiqing
name: Yi, Wei
name: Cai, Jianming
name: Xue, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open systems possess unique potentials in high-precision sensing, yet the majority of previous studies rely on the spectral singularities known as exceptional points. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate universal non-Hermitian sensing in the absence of exceptional points. The scheme makes use of the intrinsic sensitivity of a non-Hermitian probe to weak external fields, which can be understood as the direct consequence of non-Hermiticity. We confirm the basic mechanism by simulating the sensor-field dynamics using photon interferometry, and, as a concrete example, demonstrate the enhanced sensing of signals encoded in the setting angle of a wave plate. While the sensitivity of the probe is ultimately limited by the measurement noise, we find the non-Hermitian sensor showing superior performance under background noises that cannot be suppressed through repetitive measurements. Our experiment opens the avenue of enhanced sensing without exceptional points, complementing existing efforts aimed at harnessing the unique features of open systems.
Specification Overfitting in Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Roth, Benjamin
name: de Araujo, Pedro Henrique Luz
name: Xia, Yuxi
name: Kaltenbrunner, Saskia
name: Korab, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are often criticized for their inherent bias and for their lack of control, accountability, and transparency. Consequently, regulatory bodies struggle with containing this technology's potential negative side effects. High-level requirements such as fairness and robustness need to be formalized into concrete specification metrics, imperfect proxies that capture isolated aspects of the underlying requirements. Given possible trade-offs between different metrics and their vulnerability to over-optimization, integrating specification metrics in system development processes is not trivial. This paper defines specification overfitting, a scenario where systems focus excessively on specified metrics to the detriment of high-level requirements and task performance. We present an extensive literature survey to categorize how researchers propose, measure, and optimize specification metrics in several AI fields (e.g., natural language processing, computer vision, reinforcement learning). Using a keyword-based search on papers from major AI conferences and journals between 2018 and mid-2023, we identify and analyze 74 papers that propose or optimize specification metrics. We find that although most papers implicitly address specification overfitting (e.g., by reporting more than one specification metric), they rarely discuss which role specification metrics should play in system development or explicitly define the scope and assumptions behind metric formulations.
description: 41 pages, 2 figures. This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11040-6
Noninvasive identification of carbon-based black pigments with pump-probe microscopy
Creators: name: Kastenholz, Heidi V.
name: Topper, Michael I.
name: Warren, Warren S.
name: Fischer, Martin C.
name: Grass, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon-based black pigments, a widely used class of pigments, are difficult to differentiate with the noninvasive techniques currently used in cultural heritage science. We utilize pump-probe microscopy to distinguish four common carbon-based black pigments as pure pigments, as two-component black pigment mixtures, and as a mixture of a black and a colorful pigment. This work also demonstrates that even nominally homogeneous pigments present remarkable, and useful, heterogeneity in pump-probe microscopy.
Quantum memory at nonzero temperature in a thermodynamically trivial system
Creators: name: Hong, Yifan
name: Guo, Jinkang
name: Lucas, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Passive error correction protects logical information forever (in the thermodynamic limit) by updating the system based only on local information and few-body interactions. A paradigmatic example is the classical two-dimensional Ising model: a Metropolis-style Gibbs sampler retains the sign of the initial magnetization (a logical bit) for thermodynamically long times in the low-temperature phase. Known models of passive quantum error correction similarly exhibit thermodynamic phase transitions to a low-temperature phase wherein logical qubits are protected by thermally stable topological order. Here, in contrast, we show that certain families of constant-rate classical and quantum low-density parity check codes have no thermodynamic phase transitions at nonzero temperature, but nonetheless exhibit ergodicity-breaking dynamical transitions: below a critical nonzero temperature, the mixing time of local Gibbs sampling diverges in the thermodynamic limit. Slow Gibbs sampling of such codes enables fault-tolerant passive quantum error correction using finite-depth circuits. This strategy is well suited to measurement-free quantum error correction and may present a desirable experimental alternative to conventional quantum error correction based on syndrome measurements and active feedback.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; v2 changes: added section on tree-codes, fixed typos
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Current, quantum transport and entropic force of bosonic systems interacting with two thermal reservoirs
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Jayarshi
name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
name: Gangopadhyay, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the dynamics of current and quantum transport factor in a bosonic system consisting of a central system interacting with two reservoirs at different temperatures. We derive a master equation describing the time evolution of the density matrix of the system, accounting for the interactions and energy transfer between the components. We quantify the current, representing the flow of bosons through the system and analyse its dependence on the system's parameters and temperatures of the thermal reservoirs. In the steady state regime, we derived an expression for the quantum transport factor of the energy transfer process. Our analysis show that quantum effects, such as the dependence on temperature can significantly impact this factor. In particular, we observe that the transport factor of the quantum system is greater than the corresponding factor when the temperature goes to infinity, where the factor has an identical form with the Carnot efficiency of an ideal heat engine. We then derived the Fokker-Planck equation to find out the Glauber-Sudarsan $P$-representation. In the steady state of the equation, the probability distribution comes out to be in Gaussian form. We then calculated the entropic force for this probability distribution which gives the Hooke's law in the steady state, in agreement with the fact that our system is a harmonic oscillator.
The Research Data Center PsychData: A Service for the Psychology Community
Creators: name: Dehnhard, Ina
name: Kerwer, Martin
name: Günther, Armin
Publisher: name: ZPID (Leibniz Institute for Psychology)
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 150

description: Vortrag auf dem 50. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 18.–22. Sept. 2016
Properties and Applications of the Kirkwood-Dirac Distribution
Creators: name: Arvidsson-Shukur, David R. M.
name: Braasch, William F.
name: De Bievre, Stephan
name: Dressel, Justin
name: Jordan, Andrew N.
name: Langrenez, Christopher
name: Lostaglio, Matteo
name: Lundeen, Jeff S.
name: Halpern, Nicole Yunger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent years have seen the Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) distribution come to the forefront as a powerful quasi-probability distribution for analysing quantum mechanics. The KD distribution allows tools from statistics and probability theory to be applied to problems in quantum-information processing. A notable difference to the Wigner function is that the KD distribution can represent a quantum state in terms of arbitrary observables. This paper reviews the KD distribution, in three parts. First, we present definitions and basic properties of the KD distribution and its generalisations. Second, we summarise the KD distribution's extensive usage in the study or development of measurement disturbance; quantum metrology; weak values; direct measurements of quantum states; quantum thermodynamics; quantum scrambling and out-of-time-ordered correlators; and the foundations of quantum mechanics, including Leggett-Garg inequalities, the consistent-histories interpretation and contextuality. We emphasise connections between operational quantum advantages and negative or non-real KD quasi-probabilities. Third, we delve into the KD distribution's mathematical structure. We summarise the current knowledge regarding the geometry of KD-positive states (the states for which the KD distribution is a classical probability distribution), describe how to witness and quantify KD non-positivity, and outline relationships between KD non-positivity, coherence and observables' incompatibility.
description: 42 pages, 14 figures; as published in NJP
Conditions for separability in multiqubit systems with an accelerating qubit using a conditional entropy
Creators: name: Reji, Harsha Miriam
name: Hegde, Hemant Shreepad
name: Prabhu, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the separability in multiqubit pure and mixed Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and W states with an accelerating qubit using the Abe-Rajagopal (AR) $ q $-conditional entropy. We observe that the pure multiqubit GHZ and W states in the inertial : non-inertial bipartition with one of their qubits accelerated will remain non-separable irrespective of the qubit's acceleration. In these systems, we captured the variation of their non-separability with respect to the acceleration of the qubit and the AR $ q $-conditional entropy parameter $ q $. However, in the corresponding multiqubit mixed states obtained by introducing a global noise to the above pure states, one could get stronger conditions on their separability in the inertial : non-inertial bipartition, in terms of the acceleration of the qubit, noise parameter, and the number of qubits in the system, in the asymptotic limit of parameter $ q $. These conditions obtained from the AR $ q $-conditional entropy serve as necessary conditions for separability in such multiqubit states with a relativistic qubit.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Nontrivial bundles and defect operators in $n$-form gauge theories
Creators: name: Hu, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In $(d+1)$-dimensional $1$-form nonabelian gauge theories, we classify nontrivial $0$-form bundles in $ \mathbb{R}^{d} $, which yield configurations of $D(d-2j)$-branes wrapping $(d-2j)$-cycles $c_{d-2j} $ in $Dd$-branes. We construct the related defect operators $ U^{(2j-1)} ( c_{d-2j} ) $, which are disorder operators carrying the $D(d-2j)$ charge. We compute the commutation relations between the defect operators and Chern-Simons operators on odd-dimensional closed manifolds, and derive the generalized Witten effect for $U^{(2j-1)} ( c_{d-2j} ) $. When $c_{d-2j}$ is not exact, $ U^{(2j-1)} ( c_{d-2j} ) $ and $ U^{(2j-1)} (- c_{d-2j} ) $ can also combine into an electric $(2j-1)$-form global symmetry operator, where the $(2j-1)$-form is the Chern-Simons form. The dual magnetic $(d-2j)$-form global symmetry is generated by the $D(d-2j)$ charge. We also study nontrivial $1$-form bundles in $(d+1)$-dimensional $2$-form nonabelian gauge theories, where the defect operators are $\mathcal{U}^{(2j)} ( c_{d-2j-1} ) $. With the field strength of the $1$-form taken as the flat connection of the $2$-form, we classify the topological sectors in $2$-form theories.
description: 33 pages + appendix. v2: 50 pages, added section 3.3, 3.4 and appendix A, C
The Safe Use of Natural Desiccated Thyroid Extract for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
Creators: name: Frey O, MD
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's, pregnancy, natural desiccated thyroid extract.

description: Abstract: - This article discusses the use of natural desiccated thyroid extract in pregnancy, which is a treatment option for hypothyroidism. Current guidelines recommend using only Levothyroxine during pregnancy, causing concern for some physicians about using Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT). However, many patients find NDT more effective than Levothyroxine for symptom control and are hesitant to switch to Levothyroxine during pregnancy.

CountryHealth specialises in hypothyroidism treatment and predominantly prescribes NDT, as many patients did not find adequate symptom control from Levothyroxine. CountryHealth's approach is to use both NDT and Levothyroxine to ensure the pregnant woman's symptoms are controlled and the foetus receives sufficient thyroid hormones. Frequent thyroid function testing during pregnancy allows for regimen adjustments to maintain optimal maternal and foetal thyroid status.

Patients who use our service are partners in their own care, empowered to fully understand and take ownership of their condition, monitoring and treatment.  This is especially important during pregnancy and patients are encouraged to share their treatment plan with their own GP and specialist physicians who may be involved in their care.
New semicoherent targeted search for continuous gravitational waves from pulsars in binary systems
Creators: name: Mirasola, Lorenzo
name: Leaci, Paola
name: Astone, Pia
name: D'Onofrio, Luca
name: Dall'Osso, Simone
name: De Falco, Alessandro
name: Lai, Michela
name: Mastrogiovanni, Simone
name: Palomba, Cristiano
name: Riggio, Alessandro
name: Sanna, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel semicoherent targeted search method for continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emitted by pulsars in binary systems. The method is based on a custom optimization of the coherence time, which is tailored according to the orbital parameters and their uncertainties, as provided by electromagnetic observations. While rotating pulsars are expected to produce quasimonochromatic CWs in their reference frame, their orbital motion introduces additional modulation in the observer's frame, alongside the modulation caused by the Earth's motion. As a result, the received signal is spread across a frequency range, and demodulation techniques must be used to improve sensitivity. However, Doppler corrections can, in some cases, vary significantly within the uncertainties of the orbital parameters, potentially lowering the detection chances of single-template, fully coherent searches. To exploit the constraints derived from electromagnetic observations, we implement a semicoherent search that is more robust than other methods. In this approach, the coherence time is evaluated for each source, taking into account the uncertainties in its orbital parameters. This method was tested and applied to a set of thirteen targets from the ATNF catalog. The search identified one outlier, whose astrophysical origin has been confidently excluded. For the first time to our knowledge, we then set upper limits on the signal strain from these 12 pulsars, with the lowest limit being $h_{UL}\sim9.01\times 10^{-26}$ for PSR~J1326-4728B.
On the covariant coefficients of geodesic sprays on Finsler manifolds
Creators: name: Elgendi, S. G.
name: Soleiman, A.
name: Youssef, Nabil L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a Finsler metric $F$, we introduce the notion of $F$-covariant coefficients $H_i$ of the geodesic spray of $F$ (Def. 3.1). We study some geometric consequences concerning the objects $H_i$. If the $F$-covariant coefficients $H_i$ are written in the form $H_i={\dot{\partial}}_iH$, for some smooth function $H$ on ${\mathcal T\hspace{-1pt}M}$, positively 3-homogeneous in y, then $H$ is called spray scalar or simply $S$-scalar. We prove that if the $S$-scalar exists, then it is of the form $H=\frac{1}{12}\,y^i\partial_iF^2$ and this expression is unique up to a function of position only. We prove also that on a Finsler maifold $(M,F)$, the $S$-scalar $H$ exists if and only if $(M,F)$ is dually flat. Generally, the $n^3$ functions $H^h_{ij}$ resulting from the $F$-covariant coefficients do not form a linear connection. We find out that in the case of projectively flat metrics, the $n^3$ functions $H^h_{ij}$ are coefficients of a linear connection. We introduce two new special Finsler spaces, namely, the $H$-Berwald and the $H$-Landsberg spaces and show that every $H$-Berwald metric is $H$-Landsbergian but the converse is not necessarily true. Also, we study the $F$-covariant coefficients $H_i$ of projectivly flat and dually flat spherically symmetric Finsler metrics and provide a solution of the "$H$-unicorn" Landsberg problem. Finally, we give some examples of $H$-Berwald and $H$-Landsberg metrics and an example of $H$-Landsberg metric which is not $H$-Berwaldian.
description: 14 page, 1 diagram, Accepted for publication in International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, (2024)
Qubit-assisted quantum metrology under a time-reversal strategy
Creators: name: Chen, Peng
name: Jing, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a quantum metrology protocol based on a two-step joint evolution of the probe system and an ancillary qubit and quantum measurement. With a proper initial state of the ancillary qubit and an optimized evolution time, the quantum Fisher information (QFI) about the phase parameter encoded in the probe system is found to be determined by the expectation value of the square of a phase generator, irrespective of the probe initial state. Consequently, even if the probe is prepared as a finite-temperature state, faraway from the so-called resource state, e.g., the squeezed spin state or the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state in atomic systems, the QFI in our protocol can approach the Heisenberg scaling $N^2$ with respect to the probe size $N$. This quadratic scaling behavior shows robustness against the imperfections about the initial state of the ancillary qubit and the optimized evolution time of the whole system. Also it is not sensitive to the deviation in system parameters and the qubit decoherence. Using the time-reversal strategy and a single-shot projective measurement, the classical Fisher information (CFI) in our metrology protocol is saturated with its quantum counterpart. Our work thus provides an economical method to reach the Heisenberg limit in metrology precision with no input of entanglement or squeezing.
Changes in Concept of Fatherhood during Child´s Transition to Primary School
Creators: name: Minsel, Beate
name: Fthenakis, Wassilios E.
name: Deppe, Uta
Publisher: name: Leibniz Institut für Psychologie (ZPID)
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Psychologie
subject: Entwicklungspsychologie
subject: Vater / Kind
subject: Grundschule
subject: Vorschule
subject: Vaterrole
subject: Familienentwicklung
subject: fatherhood
subject: family-development
subject: 150

description: Family development can be conceptualized as consecutive phases, which are separated by transitional periods. During transitions people have to adapt to the new situations in family and the broader social environment. The most often studied transition in family development is transition to parenthood. Besides other changes, the becoming parents change their self-concepts during this time, they have to establish a mother-child-relationship and a father-child relationship, and their marital quality also changes (Cowan & Cowan, 1992). Belsky and colleagues claimed, that during the transition to parenthood, marital quality is a resource, which facilitates adaptation to the new family situation (Belsky & Rovine, 1990; Belsky, Youngblade, Rovine & Volling, 1991). We assume that in later transitions in family life, parents also have to change their self-concepts, and marital quality is a resource for successful adaptation too. In this paper, we will discuss the period, when the first child enters school.
Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimation
Creators: name: Hu, Mu
name: Yin, Wei
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Cai, Zhipeng
name: Long, Xiaoxiao
name: Wang, Kaixuan
name: Chen, Hao
name: Yu, Gang
name: Shen, Chunhua
name: Shen, Shaojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce Metric3D v2, a geometric foundation model for zero-shot metric depth and surface normal estimation from a single image, which is crucial for metric 3D recovery. While depth and normal are geometrically related and highly complimentary, they present distinct challenges. SoTA monocular depth methods achieve zero-shot generalization by learning affine-invariant depths, which cannot recover real-world metrics. Meanwhile, SoTA normal estimation methods have limited zero-shot performance due to the lack of large-scale labeled data. To tackle these issues, we propose solutions for both metric depth estimation and surface normal estimation. For metric depth estimation, we show that the key to a zero-shot single-view model lies in resolving the metric ambiguity from various camera models and large-scale data training. We propose a canonical camera space transformation module, which explicitly addresses the ambiguity problem and can be effortlessly plugged into existing monocular models. For surface normal estimation, we propose a joint depth-normal optimization module to distill diverse data knowledge from metric depth, enabling normal estimators to learn beyond normal labels. Equipped with these modules, our depth-normal models can be stably trained with over 16 million of images from thousands of camera models with different-type annotations, resulting in zero-shot generalization to in-the-wild images with unseen camera settings. Our method enables the accurate recovery of metric 3D structures on randomly collected internet images, paving the way for plausible single-image metrology. Our project page is at https://JUGGHM.github.io/Metric3Dv2.
description: Our project page is at https://JUGGHM.github.io/Metric3Dv2. Accpeted to TPAMI. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2307.10984