cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Polypheretima spiridonovi
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tung T.
name: Tran, Binh T. T.
name: Nguyen, Anh D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Opisthopora
Megascolecidae
Polypheretima
Polypheretima spiridonovi

description: Polypheretima spiridonovi (Thai, 1996)
(Fig. 3)
Pheretima spiridonovi Thai, 1996: 3, Fig. 2 C.
Polypheretima spiridonovi — Nakamura 1999: 7; Blakemore 2007: 93.
Type material. Holotype: 1C (SORC-HV.226) Khanh Hoa Province, Duc Mu pass, 9 January 1989, coll. Spiridonov S.E. Paratype: 1C (SORC-PV.226), same data as sample SORC-HV.226 (Thai 1996).
Description. Body cylindrical. Colour light brown. Prostomium epilobous. Clitellum XIV–XVI. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Setae numerous, regularly distributed on segments, 113 in IV, 136 in XIII, 120 in XXV, aa=1.5–2ab, zz=2–5zy. Male porophore on the bottom of a cone-like depression, about 0.25 body circumference apart. No genital markings in spermathecal and male regions. Numerous spermathecal pores in paired batteries, 6 pairs in 4/ 5, 6 pairs in 6/7 and 7 pairs and a single battery in 5/6. Ampulla heart-shaped, diverticula simple, attaching to duct. Holandric. Testes sacs ventral. Lymph glands absent. Ovaries large on septum 12/13. Intestine beginning at XV, without caeca. Last hearts in XII. Typhlosole simple, lamelliform, T=0.22. Septa 8/9/10 absent, 5/6/7/8 thickened. Pharyngeal micronephridia in 6/7. (Data from Thai 1996: 3–4.)
Records from Vietnam. Khanh Hoa Province (Duc Mu pass).
Distribution. Only known from Vietnam.
Remarks. The species is fairly similar to Polypheretima polytheca (Beddard, 1900) but differs in having spermathecal pores in 4/5–6/7, testes sacs in ventral position, absence of a copulatory pouch, and absence of genital markings. Types were rechecked for this study.
description: Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Tran, Binh T. T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2014, Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta, pp. 105-121 in Zootaxa 3866 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/227564
Polypheretima taprobanae Beddard 1892
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tung T.
name: Tran, Binh T. T.
name: Nguyen, Anh D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Opisthopora
Megascolecidae
Polypheretima
Polypheretima taprobanae

description: Polypheretima taprobanae (Beddard, 1892)
(Figs 3, 5)
Perichaeta taprobanae Beddard, 1892: 163; Beddard 1895: 411; Michaelsen 1900: 308. Metapheretima taprobanae — Sims & Easton 1972: 181, 233.
Polypheretima taprobanae — Easton 1979: 45, Fig. 20c; Nakamura 1999: 8; Blakemore 2002: 234, Fig. 2.20; 2007: 97. Perichaeta pauli Michaelsen 1897: 243, Fig. 26.
Pheretima taprobanae var. pauli — Michaelsen 1900: 309.
Metapheretima pauli — Sims & Easton 1972: 233.
Pheretima taprobanae — Gates, 1972: 220.
Type locality. Sri Lanka.
Type material. In the collection of the Oxford University Museum, U.K.
Material examined. 6C (SORC-V.241.2) Quang Binh province, Bo Trach District, Tan Trach commune, 18 May 1991, coll. Nguyen Van Thuan; 1C (SORC-V.241.6) Quang Binh province, Tuyen Hoa district, Mai Hoa commune, tea planted hill, 20 August 1991, coll. Nguyen Duc Tan; 1C (SORC-V.241.3) Quang Nam province, Nui Thanh district, Ky Ha, 24 January 1989, coll. Pham Thi Hong Ha; 1C, 1A (SORC-V.241.6) Quang Ngai province, garden, 30 November 1994, coll. Cao Van Sung; 3C (HUE) Lam Dong province, Dam Rong District, Da Tong Commune, short-term tree growing land near Da Nhim forest, <600m asl, 14 April 2013 coll. Nguyen Van Nam; 3C + 3A (HUE) Lam Dong province, Dam Rong District, Da Rsal commune, bare hill, 600-800m asl, 14 April 2013, coll. Nguyen Van Nam; 5C (CTU-EW027) Vinh Long province, Vung Liem District, Trung Thanh commune, 9 November 2008, coll. Nguyen Thi Nhi.
Records from Vietnam. Nghe An Province (Quy Hop); Quang Binh Province (Tuyen Hoa; Minh Hoa; Quang Trach; Bo Trach); Quang Tri Province (Quang Tri; Huong Hoa); Thua Thien Hue Province (Huong Dien; Hue city); Da Nang city (Hoa Vang); Quang Nam Province (Que Son; Hiep Duc; Nui Thanh; Tien Phuoc; Tra My); Quang Ngai Province (Tu Nghia); Gia Lai Province (Pleiku city); Binh Dinh Province; Vinh Long Province (Vung Liem) (Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Pham 1995a; Huynh 1996; Nguyen & Tran 2008).
Distribution. A cosmopolitan species (Blakemore 2002, 2007).
Remarks. The species has been recorded from various parts of the world (India, Sri Lanka, Seychlles, Brazil, Hawaii, Madagascar, Fiji, Australia, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea) (Blakemore 2002). However, its homeland is still unknown exactly. The species possibly originated in Southeast Asia (Easton 1979) or in Papua New Guinea (Gates 1972). A new illustration of Po. taprobanae is provided in this study (Fig. 5) because there are no available figures of this species from Vietnamese samples.
description: Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Tran, Binh T. T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2014, Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta, pp. 105-121 in Zootaxa 3866 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/227564
Polypheretima touranensis Michaelsen 1934
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tung T.
name: Tran, Binh T. T.
name: Nguyen, Anh D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Opisthopora
Megascolecidae
Polypheretima
Polypheretima touranensis

description: Polypheretima touranensis (Michaelsen, 1934)
(Fig. 3)
Pheretima touranensis Michaelsen, 1934b: 499.
Pheretima touranensis — Sims & Easton 1972: 225, "incertae sedis". ‘ Pheretima’ touranensis — Easton 1979: 118.
Amynthas? touranensis — Blakemore 2007: 100.
Type locality. Vietnam (Tourane = Da Nang).
Type material. AE688 (A730), Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
Records from Vietnam. Da Nang City (Vu Gia pass) (Michaelsen 1934b).
Distribution. Only known from Vietnam.
Remarks. The intestine of the type material was so damaged that presence or absence of caeca could not be identified. However, Easton (1979) still placed the species into the 'acaecate' Pheretima group. There are no other records from Vietnam since its original description.
description: Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Tran, Binh T. T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2014, Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta, pp. 105-121 in Zootaxa 3866 (1) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/227564
Doryscus krausi Lee, 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lee, Chi-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Doryscus
Doryscus krausi

description: Doryscus krausi sp. nov. (Figs 4 B, 6)
Types (n= 2). Holotype ♂ (NHMB): LAOS. Houa Phan prov.: Phou Pane Mt., 20°13’09–19” N 103°59’54” – 104°00’03”E, 1480–1550 m, 1.–16.V.2009, leg. Z. Kraus. Paratypes: THAILAND. 1♂ (SEHU), Chiangmai prov.: Doi Pui, 27.V.1983, leg. S. Ohmomo.
Description. Length 4.0 mm, width 1.5 mm. General color yellow; but antenna dark brown; vertex black; elytra basally and apically darkened; outer margins of tibiae black (Fig. 4 B). Antenna filiform, antennomere I strongly swollen in male (Fig. 6 A), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 2.3: 1.7: 2.7: 3.0: 3.0: 3.0: 3.0: 3.4: 3.2: 3.3: 3.6. Elytra 1.8 x longer than wide, surface with erect, dense, elongate setae, punctures fine. Apical margin of last abdominal ventrite with two incisions in males (Fig. 6 B). Penis (Figs 6 C–6D) extremely slender, 8.5 x longer than wide, parallel-slided; apex of dorsal surface with extremely deep median notch; apex of ventral surface widely rounded, with shallow median groove; weakly curved in lateral view, apex with narrow notch between dorsal and ventral surfaces; ventral surface smooth. Endophallic spiculae long, about 0.6 x as long as penis, with a cluster of setae on apex of median spicula, apically widened; two pairs of lateral spiculae as long as median spicula, apices of inner pair more or less swollen, basally conjoined; one pair of lateral spiculae at middle elongate and apically tapering, one pair of ventral spiculae at base elongate and apically tapering.
Variability. One male possessed unmodified antennomere I (not swollen, 3.3x longer than wide), and relatively smaller lateral and ventral endophallic spiculae (Figs 6 E–6F).
Differential diagnosis. Doryscus krausi sp. nov. adults are similar to those of D. scapus Mohamedsaid in possessing swollen first antennomeres in males, but D. krausi differs by possessing black vertex, a pair of elongate and apically tapering spiculae at base, and at middle of endophallic spiculae, respectively. These are in contrast to the yellow vertex and two pairs of horn-like basal and median endophallic spiculae in D. scapus.
Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Zdeněk Kraus, who collected the type specimens. Distribution. Laos, Thailand.
description: Published as part of Lee, Chi-Feng, 2017, Revision of the genus Doryscus Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 4269 (1) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/581259
Doryscus kubani Lee, 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lee, Chi-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Doryscus
Doryscus kubani

description: Doryscus kubani sp. nov. (Figs 4 C, 7)
Types (n= 7). Holotype ♂ (NHMB): CHNA. Yunnan: Jizu Mts., 25°58’N 100°21’E, 2800 m, 30.V.–3.VI.1993, Bolm. Paratypes: 4♀♀ (NHMB), same data as holotype; 2♀♀ (NHMB), Yunnan: Weishan Mt., 25°10’N 100°21’E, 1800–2500 m, 22–25.VI.1992, leg. V. Kubáň.
Description. Length 4.0– 5.3 mm, width 1.6–2.1 mm. General color yellow or yellowish brown (Fig. 4 C). First antennomere not modified in males (Fig. 7 A), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 3.2: 1.7: 2.5: 2.6: 2.8: 2.8: 2.9: 2.8: 2.4: 2.5: 3.3; first antennomere narrower in females (Fig. 7 B), length ratios of antennomeres I–XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8: 0.7: 0.6: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I–XI 3.2: 1.9: 2.7: 2.6: 3.3: 2.9: 2.9: 3.0: 2.5: 2.5: 2.9. Elytra 1.8 x longer than wide; surface with erect, pale, sparse, short setae, punctures coarse. Apical margin of last abdominal ventrites with two shallow incisions in males (Fig. 7 G), widely rounded or slightly depressed in female (Fig. 7 H). Penis (Figs 7 C–7D) elongate and wide, 6.1 x longer than wide, parallel-sided; apex of dorsal surface with shallow notch; apex of ventral surface slightly depressed; weakly curved in lateral view, apex with notch between dorsal and ventral surface; ventral surface smooth. Endophallic spiculae short, about 0.5 x as long as penis, median spiculae trilobed, lateral lobe elongate and curved, apically tapering, median lobe apically widened and with a cluster of setae at apex; two pairs of apical endophallic spiculae extremely slender, apex swollen, inner pairs longer than outer pairs; four pairs of lateral spiculae at base, horn-like, smaller towards apical pairs. Gonocoxae (Fig. 7 E) extremely slender, 8.0 x longer than wide, sides narrowed at apical 1/10; apically tapering; inner margins narrowly approximate from apex to half, apex with nine setae; extremely slender from midpoint to base but abruptly widened at base. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 7 F) well sclerotized; spiculum elongate; apex square, apical margin truncate, with several short setae; disc with several long setae at sides. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 7 I) distinctively swollen; pump strongly curved, apically tapering; proximal spermathecal duct elongate, deeply projecting into receptaculum.
Color variability. Some females have the black vertex and the darkened base of elytra.
Differential diagnosis. Doryscus kubani sp. nov. is characterized by its coarse punctures on the elytra and the stout antennae.
Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Vit Kubáň who collected the type specimens.
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
description: Published as part of Lee, Chi-Feng, 2017, Revision of the genus Doryscus Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 4269 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/581259
Doryscus Lee, 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lee, Chi-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Doryscus

description: Key to the Doryscus species of China, South India, Peninular Malaysia, Laos, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
Color variability of Doryscus chujoi Kimoto from Taiwan and D. geiseri sp. nov. in Singapore is not considered in this key.
1. Erect setae on elytra long (Figs 1 A–1D)...................................................................2
- Erect setae on elytra short (Fig. 1 E)...................................................................... 4
2. Vertex black or with black spots.........................................................................3
- Lacking blacks areas on vertex (Fig. 4 A)............................................... D. indochinensis sp. nov.
3. Elytra basally and apically darkened (Fig. 4 B); antennomere I swollen in some males (Fig. 5 A), IV–XI stout (length to width ratios smaller than 3.6)................................................................... D. krausi sp. nov.
- Elytra entirely yellowish brown (Fig. 1 F); antennomere I normal in males (Fig. 3 A), IV–XI elongate (length to width ratios bigger than 4.0)........................................................................ D. geiseri sp. nov.
4. Punctures on elytra coarse; antennae stout (Fig. 4 C), length to width ratios of antennomeres IV to XI less than 3.0 (Figs 7 A– 7B).................................................................................. D. kubani sp. nov.
- Punctures on elytra fine; antenna slender, length to width ratios of antennomeres IV to XI more than 3.0................5
5. Erect setae on elytra sparse; elytra sometimes black at least at margins (Figs 4 D–4F)........ D. varians (Gressitt & Kimoto)
- Erect setae on elytra dense; elytra entirely yellowish brown (Fig. 1 A).............................. D. chujoi Kimoto
description: Published as part of Lee, Chi-Feng, 2017, Revision of the genus Doryscus Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 4269 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/581259
Schaffhausen, Stadtbibliothek, Gen. 1 : Adamnanus de Iona, Vita Columbae
Creators: name: Adamnanus, de Iona
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This manuscript from the island monastery of Iona (Hy) in Scotland contains the oldest and best surviving version of the biography of the Irish saint Columba, composed between 608 and 704. In this work, Adamnan, the ninth abbot of Iona, tells the life story of monastery founder Columba (Columcille in Old Irish), who lived from 519/522 to 597. This manuscript can be dated to the time between the writing of the original text and the death of Iona's Abbot (or Bishop) Dorbbene in the year 713. It is the oldest codex containing a single biography in Latin, and is among the few datable manuscripts written in the Insular script during the 7th and 8th centuries.
description: Online Since: 2008-12-09
Homalium brachyrhachis Sleumer
Creators: name: Applequist, Wendy L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Homalium
Homalium brachyrhachis

description: 3. Homalium brachyrhachis Sleumer in Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 43: 261. 1973.
Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: crêtes et barres calcaires au lieu dit Ankiranja, à 30 – 35 km de Manja [21°25'S 44°20'E] sur la route de Bevoay [21°50'S 43°52'E], 3–4.XII.1969, fl., Service Forestier 28953 (P [P04705554]!; isotype: L [L0010886] image seen, TEF [TEF000288] image seen).
Tree to 6 – 7 m or large shrub; bark platanoid; young twigs glabrous. Leaves elliptical to ovate, (2.7–)3.9 – 6.2 × (2–) 2.5–3.5 cm; petiole 11–16 mm; base rounded (convex), the extreme base attenuate; apex short-acuminate to acute (obtuse); margins prominently crenate-serrulate, with glands small, round, inside teeth apices; adaxial surface drying olive, abaxial surface pale green. Inflorescences racemose, lateral, 1.5 – 3.8 cm, glabrous; flowers pedicellate with pedicels 2– 3 mm; bracts not seen. Flowers 7 –8-merous; calyx tube funnelform with rounded base, minutely pubescent; sepals ligulate with acute apex, 1.5–2.5 mm; petals ligulate with acute apex, 1.8–2.5 mm; sepals and petals about equal to calyx tube or slightly longer, ascending (partly spreading to somewhat reflexed), short-ciliate, abaxial surface minutely pubescent with narrow dark stripes, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent; sepal glands pubescent; filaments 1–1.4 mm, glabrous; ovary pubescent; styles 3–4, 0.8–1.4 mm, basally pubescent.
Distribution, ecology and conservation status. – Homalium brachyrhachis is the only species of this section known from dry western forest on limestone. It is known from only two contemporaneous collections in northwestern Toliara province, on the road from Manja to Bevoay, representing a single population. No further material has been collected for almost 50 years. The natural vegetation in this region is mostly extirpated and the remnants suffer ongoing threats and anthropogenic degradation; some land in the region is protected, but the original locality is not. This species, if it still exists, may therefore be at imminent risk of extinction. An appropriate preliminary assessment of conservation status is therefore “Critically Endangered” [CR B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)].
Additional material examined. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: crêtes et barres calcaires au lieu dit Ankiranja, à 30–35 km de Manja sur la route de Bevoay, 3–4.XII.1969, fl., Service Forestier 28936 (P [4 sheets]).
description: Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., 2018, A revision of the Malagasy species of Homalium sect. Blackwellia (Salicaceae), pp. 221-244 in Candollea 73 (2) on pages 229-230, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v732a7, http://zenodo.org/record/5724607
Homalium decaryanum H. Perrier
Creators: name: Applequist, Wendy L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Homalium
Homalium decaryanum

description: 5. Homalium decaryanum H. Perrier in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 13: 288. 1940.
Lectotypus (designated by SLEUMER, 1973: 255): MADAGASCAR. Prov. Fianarantsoa: Befotaka, [Prov.] de Farafangana, 12.VIII.1926, fl., Decary 4776 (P [P00375089]!; isolectotype: K [K000231498] image seen, L [L0010902] image seen).
Tree to 3 m; young twigs minutely pubescent. Leaves narrowly elliptical (oblanceolate), 2.1–3.3 × 0.5–0.7 cm; petiole 1.5– 3 mm; base narrowly cuneate (slightly attenuate); apex acute with rounded tip; margins serrulate, with glands small, rounded, in tooth apices; adaxial surface drying greenish, abaxial surface pale brown. Inflorescences racemose, lateral, sometimes paired, (1.3–) 2.8–3.7 cm, pilose or long-pubescent; flowers pedicellate with pedicels 0.5–1.4 mm; bracts ovate to lanceolate, 1.4–2.5 mm. Flowers 8 –9-merous; calyx tube funnelform, long-pubescent; sepals ligulate with acute apex, 1.7–2.1 mm; petals ligulate with acute apex, 1.7–2.4 mm; sepals and petals white, accrescence unknown, longer than calyx tube, ascending (few spreading to reflexed), ciliate with long soft trichomes, abaxial surface sparsely appressed-pubescent, adaxial surface densely pilose; sepal glands glabrous; filaments 0.6– 0.7 mm, glabrous or glabrate; ovary pilose; styles 3–4, 0.7–0.8 mm, pilose.
Vernacular name. – “Kidravy” (Decary 4776).
Distribution, ecology and conservation status. – The only known collection is from Befotaka, an area of humid forest near Midongy du Sud in Fianarantsoa, near water. Most of the remaining forest in that area is protected. However, the fact that this species has not been recollected for over 90 years suggests that it is quite rare and of limited distribution, so that all remaining individuals could be affected by a single extreme event such as a typhoon. Its conservation status is therefore suggested to be “Vulnerable” [VU D2].
Note. – SLEUMER (1973) termed the duplicate of Decary 4776 at P the “ holotype ”. That was certainly the specimen used by Perrier de la Bâthie, but he did not overtly state that only material at P was used, and there is a duplicate at K. Therefore these are syntypes (the fragment at L that must have been taken from one of them has a lesser standing) and Sleumer’s declaration actually constitutes an effective lectotypification.
description: Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., 2018, A revision of the Malagasy species of Homalium sect. Blackwellia (Salicaceae), pp. 221-244 in Candollea 73 (2) on pages 230-231, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v732a7, http://zenodo.org/record/5724607
Homalium microphyllum O. Hoffm., Sert. Pl. Madagasc.
Creators: name: Applequist, Wendy L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Homalium
Homalium microphyllum

description: Homalium microphyllum O. Hoffm., Sert. Pl. Madagasc.: 18. 1881.
This species was described from a single collection (Hildebrandt 3329 from Vavatobé [probably = Ambavatoby, Antsiranana]), which has many duplicates; no similar material has been collected since. Though the collected material seems to be well into flower, the sepals and petals are small and often spreading, apparently scarcely accrescent, and the ovary is not strongly conical. In these characters, it resembles the species transferred to Homalium sect. Odontolobus. However, it also has characters more consistent with Homalium sect. Blackwellia sensu stricto; it appears that there is usually only one bract per flower, the calyx tube is cylindrical and well-developed, the upper surface of the ovary is not particularly broad, and the styles are much longer than in most species of Homalium sect. Odontolobus. It is suggested that the collected individual was an intersectional hybrid that is not known to persist and does not merit taxonomic recognition.
description: Published as part of Applequist, Wendy L., 2018, A revision of the Malagasy species of Homalium sect. Blackwellia (Salicaceae), pp. 221-244 in Candollea 73 (2) on page 242, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v732a7, http://zenodo.org/record/5724607
Physodera Eschscholtz 1829
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera

description: Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829
Eschscholtz 1829: 8; Schmidt-Göbel 1846: 46; Lacordaire 1854: 130; Van de Poll 1889: 251; Heller 1923: 304; Jedlička 1963: 300; Shi et al. 2013: 38.
Type-species: Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, 1829, monotypic.
Synonym: Nepalotarsus Mateu 1990: 156. Nomen nudum.
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera amplicollis
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera amplicollis

description: amplicollis -group
The amplicollis -group contains three species: P. amplicollis van de Poll, P. diglena Andrewes, and P. bousqueti Mateu.
This species group distributes in southeastern Asia, including southern Chinese continent, Taiwan Island, Indo- China Peninsula, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra (Fig.63).
The diagnostic characters of this species group are: Pronotum and elytra with distinct pattern; tergum VII yellowish, with distinct black pattern: three well defined spots or one central spot and vague lateral ones (Figs. 45, 46). Terminal labial palpomeres securiform in both sexes (Fig. 61); male mesotarsus with adhesive hairs at least well developed on the first tarsomere; males with two pairs of setae on sternum VII. Aedeagus gently slender, with apical lamella large, strongly oblique to right side; internal sac with main flagellum not reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion small, length about 0.3 times of the main flagellum; secondary flagellum long and strongly sclerotized; apical bursa distinct (Figs. 34–36).
These three species are close in the following similarities: (1) aedeagal apical lamella longer than any other species in Physodera; (2) secondary flagellum of aedeagal internal sac about half as main flagellum, main flagellum apex not reaching apical orifice; (3) tergum VII with three dark spots (lateral spots vague in P. bousqueti) (Figs. 45 B, 46B); (4) the fifth elytral interval with only one basal setigerous pore.
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera diglena Andrewes 1930
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera diglena

description: Physodera diglena Andrewes, 1930
Figs. 13, 36.
Andrewes 1930b: 202 (Original spelled as Physodera diglenus; type locality: Selangor (Malaya); holotype in NHML); Csiki 1932: 1347; Shi et al. 2013: 41.
Material examined. Holotype of Physodera diglena Andrewes (NHML), a male " 58 " [round label]; " Physodera / diglenus / Type Andr. / H. E. Andrewes det."; " Selangor F. M. S / Kuala Lumpur / 21st mile, Gombak Valley / Oct. 19, 1921 / H. M. Pendlebury "; " Malay Penins. / B. M. 1931-186"; " Type " [round labe with red rim]. (Figs. 1, 13) Paratype of Physodera diglena Andrewes: 1 female (NNML), " diglenus / andrewes "; " Museum Leiden / Physodera / diglenus / cotype Andr. / Det. H. E. Andrewes"; "cotype" [green label]; " type " [red label]; " H /. Veen / Padang / bovenl / Sum. " [round label]; 1 female (MNHN), " Sumatra, Médan; Env. De Dolok-Baros; 2 semestrc 1905". 1 male (CMB), " Brunei KBFSC, 4°32′. 8 N 115°09′. 4E, light Trap-canopy, 12. Jul –1997 LC-3, R L Kitching H Mitchell". 1 male (MNHN), "Borneo, Kuching, 25-11-1910, Herriit"; "Museum Paris, Ex coll. M. Maindron, Coll. G.Babault 1930". 1 specimen (MNHN), "Bornéo Oc., Riv. Mandor, Fr. Buffat 1897"; " Physodera sp., volisine de amplicollis, v.d.Poll"; " Physodera diglenus, Andr., Compared with, type H.E.A".
Diagnosis. Body length 8.7–10.2 mm. Dorsal side metallic with yellow patch. Pronotum bicolor, center area dark, lateral areas completely yellow, without spot. Elytra metallic blue to bluish-purple, apex with a very narrow yellowish patch. Tergum and sternum VII similar with those in P. amplicollis, yellowish pattern on sternum VII sometimes reduced to a pair of small spots near sternum base. Pronotal lateral margins curved near middle, straight before hind angles, hind angles fully rounded. Elytral striae with distinct puncture rows; the third interval with two setigerous pores; the fifth with only one near base.
Male genitalia (Fig. 36). Median lobe of aedeagus gently slender, distinctly bent to right side in dorsal view, right margin weakly sinuate before apex; apical lamella large, rounded apically, about oviform in lateral view, its length about 1.5 times as the basal width. Internal sac with main flagellum not reaching the apical orifice; secondary flagellum long and distinctly sclerotized, length about 0.6 times as the main flagellum; trumpet-form expansion small, length about 0.3 times as the main flagellum; apical bursa present.
Female genitalia. Not studied.
Distribution. Sumatra, Borneo, Malaya. (Fig. 63)
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera dejeani
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera dejeani

description: dejeani -group
The dejeani -group contains two species: P. dejeani Eschscholtz and P. chalceres Andrewes.
The dejeani -group distributes in southeast Asia, including south Chinese continent, Taiwan Island, Indo-China Peninsula, northeastern India, Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra (Fig. 64).
The diagnostic characters of this species group are: Pronotum with a pair of ivory callosities on each side; elytral dark purplish, without pattern; tergum and sternum VII dark, with yellowish patch on each side (Fig. 47); elytral apex strongly curved; third interval with only two setigerous pores; terminal labial palpomeres tubiform in both sexes (Fig. 60); male mesotarsus with adhesive hairs rudimentary on the first two tarsomeres; males with one pair of setae on sternum VII. Aedeagus stout and straight, apical lamella very small; internal sac with main flagellum thick, reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion large, length 0.4–0.45 times of the main flagellum; secondary flagellum and apical bursa absent (Figs. 37, 38).
These two species are doubtless closest in this genus. They seems to be relatively distant from other species groups for these following unique characters: (1) Male terminal labial palpomeres tubiform (securiform in other species groups); (2) elytral apex strongly curved (truncated in other species groups); (3) males with only one pair of setae on sternum VII (with two pairs in other species groups); (4) aedeagal secondary flagellum absent (present in other species groups); (5) apical segment of ovipositor slenderer than other species groups, length about 4 times as basal width (membranous extension excluded); length 2.5–3.4 times as basal width in other species groups (Fig. 54–57).
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on pages 301-302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera chalceres Andrewes 1930
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera chalceres

description: Physodera chalceres Andrewes, 1930
Figs. 16, 30, 38.
Andrewes 1930a: 135 (type locality: Penang (Malaya); holotype in NHML); Csiki 1932: 1346; Shi et al. 2013: 41.
Material examined. Holotype of Physodera chalceres Andrewes (NHML), a male " Type " [round label with red circle]; " Penang. / (Lamb.) / Pascoe Coll."; "Pascoe Coll. / 93-60"; " Physodera / chalceres / Type Andr. / H.E.Andrewes det.". (Figs. 4, 16) Paratype of Physodera chalceres Andrewes, a male (NHML), " Perak / L.C."; " Doherty "; " Fry coll. / 1905.100."; " Ex. coll. / Brit. Mus. "; " Physodera / chalceres / Cotype Andr. / H.E.Andrewes det."; " H.E.Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97."; 1 specimen (MNHN), " Malacca, Perak, W. Doherty "; " Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür". 1 specimen (MNHN), " Labouan, Borneo "; " Ex Musaeo, Mniszech "; " Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür’. 1 male (IZAS), " Borneo: Sabah, Keningau district, Jungle Girl Camp. N5.4430, E116.4512; 1182m; Shi H.L. & Liu Y. lgt. light trap, 2016. V.1 N".
Diagnosis. Body length 8.1–8.9 mm. Dorsal side dark brown with purple hue; pronotum with a pair of ivory callosities on each side, callosities about same size as the eyes; elytra unicolor. Tergum VII bicolor, middle area widely black, lateral sides with yellow patches around spiracles; sternum VII black, lateral sides with a pair of yellow patches adjacent to the tergal ones. Pronotum base strongly lobed, lateral notch (between posterior angle and basal lobe) width about same as length (Fig. 53). Elytral third interval with two setigerous pores; apical margin strongly curved. Comparison with related species see diagnosis of P. dejeani.
Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Median lobe of aedeagus fairly stout, apex weakly bent to right side in ventral view, right margin weakly sinuate before apex; apical lamella very small, its length about 0.6 times as basal width, rounded apically. Internal sac with main flagellum thick, apex almost reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion large, length about 0.45 times as the main flagellum; secondary flagellum and apical bursa absent. Female genitalia not studied.
Distribution. Malay Peninsula, Borneo. (Fig. 64)
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on pages 303-304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera eburata Ma, Shi & Liang, 2017, sp. n.
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera eburata

description: eburata -group
The eburata -group contains three very similar species: P. eburata Heller, P. bifenestrata Heller, and P. sciakyi sp. n.
These three insular species of the eburata-group distribute in the Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi. (Fig. 65)
The diagnostic characters of this species group are: Pronotum unicolor; elytra black with purplish hue, disc with a pair of ivory callosities; tergum VII and sternum VII dark, without light pattern; antennameres 5–11 distinctly widened and flattened (Fig. 59). Terminal labial palpomeres truncate in both sexes, not strongly securiform (Fig. 60); males with two pairs of setae on sternum VII. Aedeagus stout and straight, apical lamella short and wide; internal sac with main flagellum thick, reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion large, length 0.4–0.45 times of the main flagellum; secondary flagellum short and thick, weakly sclerotized; apical bursa present.
These three species are doubtless close for the similarities mentioned above. The following characters are unique in the genus: elytra with a pair of ivory callosities; antennameres distinctly widened since the fifth. The eburata -group could be also close to dejeani -group for their aedeagus stouter than other species groups and both have ivory callosities. But differences on some secondary sexual characters (male labial palpomere, and seta on sternum VII) show otherwise.
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera eburata Heller 1923
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera eburata

description: Physodera eburata Heller, 1923
Fig. 17.
Heller 1923: 304 (Original: Physodera; type locality: Los Banos (Luzon); lectotype deposited in SNSD); Csiki 1932: 1347 (catalogue); Jedlička 1963: 301; Shi et al. 2013: 41.
Material examined. Lectotype of Physodera eburata Heller, designated herein (SNSD), a female, "Los Banos / P.I. Baker"; " eburata / Typus" [red label]; "1920 / 3" [yellow label]; "Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde, Dresden". (Figs. 5, 17); 1 female (SNSD), " Samar Borongan, coll. W.Schultze "; " Coll. W. Schultze, Ankauf 1942"; " Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden ".
Diagnosis. Body length 10.1–11.5 mm. Dorsal side black with metallic purple hue; pronotum unicolor; elytra with a pair of ivory callosities on disc, callosity about 1/4 as elytron in length, placed in the middle of elytron, round in shape, strongly notched posteriorly. Tergum and sternum VII without distinct pattern. Antennameres 5–11 distinctly widened and flattened. Elytral third interval with two setigerous pores, the fifth with only one pore near base; apical margin truncated.
Together with P. bifenestrata and P. sciakyi sp. n., P. eburata can be readily distinguished from other species of Physodera by the presence of ivory callosities on elytra. These three species have differences in the shape of elytra callosities (round with a notch in P. eburata, and without a notch in P. bifenestrata and P. sciakyi sp. n.) and different distributions.
Male genitalia. Unknown.
Female genitalia. Not studied.
Distribution. Only known from the Philippines (Luzon, Samar). (Fig. 65)
Remarks. In the original literature, Heller (1923) indicated that this species has elytra dull in apical part, and shining in P. bifenestrata. However, after examined a "normal" specimen in the collection of SNSD, we found that the dull elytra of the lectotype is caused by deformation when emergence, and not a taxonomical character.
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera bifenestrata Heller 1923
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera bifenestrata

description: Physodera bifenestrata Heller, 1923
Fig. 18, 39.
Heller 1923: 304 (type locality: Sandakan (Borneo); lectotype in SNSD); Csiki 1932: 1347; Jedlička 1963: 301; Shi et al. 2013: 41.
Material examined. Lectotype of Physodera bifenestrata Heller, designated herein (SNSD), a male, "Sandakan / Borneo / baker"; "1920"; " bifenestrata / Typus" [red label]; "Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde, Dresden". (Figs. 6, 18); 1 male (MNHN), "Borneo Occ., Pontianak, 1900"; " Physodera spec."; "Ritsema, vidit 1901."; "Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür".
Notes on type. In the original literature, Heller mentioned the locality "Sandakan, Borneo", but didn't indicate the number of type series. We borrowed a male from SNSD bearing a type label and perfectly fitting with the type locality. We herein designate this specimen as lectotype for the purpose of fixing the name to unique name-bearing type.
Diagnosis. Body length 9.1–9.9 mm. Dorsal side black with metallic purple hue; pronotum unicolor; elytra with a pair of ivory callosities on disc, callosity about 0.4–0.5 times as elytron in length, placed in the middle of elytron, ovate in shape, without notch. Tergum and sternum VII without distinct pattern. Antennameres 5–11 distinctly widened and flattened (Fig. 59). Elytral third interval with two setigerous pores, the fifth with only one pore near base; apical margin truncated.
This species can be distinguished from related species (P. eburata and P. sciakyi) by: elytral callosities larger, more than 0.4 times as the elytra length; pronotum wider, greatest width about 1.9 times as the median length (PW/ PL less than 1.7 in the other two species).
Male genitalia (Fig. 39). Median lobe of aedeagus fairly stout and straight, apex barely bent to right side in ventral view, right margin weakly angulated before apex; apical lamella very small, its length about half as basal width, about triangular, rounded apically. Internal sac with main flagellum thick and straight, apex almost reaching apical orifice; secondary flagellum short and thick, weakly sclerotized, length about 0.3 times as the main flagellum; trumpet-form expansion large, length about 0.4 times as the main flagellum; apical bursa present.
Female genitalia. Unknown.
Distribution. Only known from Borneo. (Fig. 65)
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on pages 304-305, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera andrewesi Ma, Shi & Liang, 2017, sp. n.
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera andrewesi

description: andrewesi -group
The andrewesi -group contains three species: P. andrewesi (Jedlička), P. bacchusi Darlington, and P. unicolor sp. n. This species group has a rather wide and discontinuous distribution range in southeast Asia, including south Chinese continent, Taiwan Island, the Philippines, and New Guinea. (Fig. 66)
The diagnostic characters of this species group are: Body form weakly convex; pronotum unicolor; elytra unicolor or with two spots near apex; tergum VII uniformly black, or with vague light pattern. Terminal labial palpomeres securiform in both sexes (Fig. 61); male sternum VII with two pairs of setae; elytral third interval with four or more setigerous pores. Aedeagus gently slender, with apical lamella short and wide, about coniform, strongly oblique to right side; internal sac with main flagellum reaching apical orifice; trumpet-form expansion small, length 0.25–0.3 times of the main flagellum; secondary flagellum short and weakly sclerotized; apical bursa present or not. (Figs. 41, 42)
We consider these three species are close for the following similarities: (1) body form weakly convex; (2) elytral third and fifth interval with three or more setigerous pores; (3) tergum VII without distinct pattern; (4) aedeagal apical lamella short, about coniform.
The andrewesi -group is very similar with eschscholtzii -group in color coordination, and male secondary sexual characters. But, the andrewesi -group is different from the latter species group in body form (weakly convex in andrewesi -group, strongly convex in eschscholtzii -group) and aedeagus shape (much slenderer in eschscholtzii - group).
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097
Physodera andrewesi Jedlicka 1934
Creators: name: Ma, Yunlong
name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Physodera
Physodera andrewesi

description: Physodera andrewesi (Jedlička, 1934)
Fig. 20.
Jedlička 1934: 120 (type locality: Mt. Makiling (the Philippines); holotype in NHML, monotypic); Jedlička 1940: 17 (Allocota); Jedlička 1963: 305 (Allocota); Kirschenhofer 1996: 763 (Allocota); Shi et al. 2013: 41.
Material examined. Holotype of Lachnoderma andrewesi Jedlička (NHML), a female, " Mt. Makiling / Luzon, Baker"; " Type " [round label with red frame]; " TYPUS " [red label]; " Lachnoderma / andrewesi / type sp. n. / Det. ING. JEDLIČKA"; H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97 ". (Figs. 8, 20); 1 female (IZAS), " Kabanglasan, Bukidnon, Mindanao, the Philippines, January 2016, indigenous collectors".
Diagnosis. Body length 8.0– 8.6 mm; body form weakly convex. Head and pronotum reddish brown, pronotum without pattern; elytra metallic blue, with a pair of large red spots behind middle: spots about one third as the elytra in length, occupying intervals 1–6 in width, spots conjoint at the elytral suture, forming a cordiform patch. Tergum and sternum VII uniformly dark. Pronotal hind angles sharp and acute; long and dense setae present near front angels, short and sparse setae along the full length of lateral margins (Fig. 50). Elytral third interval with four or five setigerous pores; the fifth with two or three ones near base.
P. andrewesi can be readily distinguished from all the other members of Physodera by the presence of red spots on elytra, except for P. bacchusi. These two species are different in: (1) head and pronotum reddish brown, and elytra metallic blue in P. andrewesi; head and pronotum dark brown, and elytra dark metallic green in P. bacchusi. (2) elytral spots larger in P. andrewesi, about one third as the elytra in length, occupying intervals 1–6 in width, conjoint at elytral suture; in P. bacchusi, spots about one seventh as the elytra in length, occupying intervals 2–4 in width, not conjoint at elytral suture. (3) P. andrewesi smaller in size, body length 8.0– 8.6mm; P. bacchusi larger, 11.0– 11.5 mm. (4) P. andrewesi with pronotum narrower, PW/PL about 1.7; P. bacchusi with pronotum wider, PW/ PL about 1.9–2.1. (5) pronotum relative small in P. bacchusi, elytral length about 4.5 times as the pronotal length; in P. andrewesi such proportion about 3.4. (6) P. bacchusi with a series of fine setae along elytral seventh interval; P. andrewesi without setae on the seventh interval.
Female genitalia. Not studied.
Distribution. Only known from the Philippines (Luzon and Mindanao). (Fig. 66)
description: Published as part of Ma, Yunlong, Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2017, Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 297-328 in Zootaxa 4243 (2) on page 307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399097