cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Marburg experiment on surgical research: a five-years' experience on the cooperation between clinical and theoretical surgeons
Creators: name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Hamelmann, H.
name: Troidl, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Biology/education
subject: Clinical Trials as Topic
subject: Digestive System Surgical Procedures
subject: Education, Medical
subject: General Surgery/education
subject: Germany, West
subject: Humans
subject: Interprofessional Relations
subject: Organization and Administration
subject: Research

description: The organisation of surgical research in Marburg is an experiment which has run for five-years and war carried out in attempt to establish a cooperation between clinical and theoretical surgeons (scientists in basic research). The experiment was started 1970 by creating a Division of Experimental Surgery and Pathological Biochemistry at the Surgery Clinic of the University. Structures and functions in this experiment were 6 small working teams, special services for the teams and for the whole Department of Surgery as well as a training programme in surgical research for theoretical surgeons. Success and failure in the experiment were evaluated by criteria testing three principal functions of surgical research: Training of clinical and theoretical surgeons in methods and techniques of surgical research, performance of controlled clinical trials and basic research in surgery. The early results of the Marburg experiment seem to be promising.
Quantum Simulations of Dark Sector Showers
Creators: name: Chigusa, So
name: Yamazaki, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider dark sector scenarios where dark matter is accompanied by a dark photon and multiple-flavor dark fermions charged under the dark gauge group. We study quantum interference effects in dark sector jets, where multiple dark photons are emitted from high-energy dark fermions. We perform fully quantum simulations of dark sector showers and compare the results against those of the classical Monte-Carlo simulations. We find important differences in probability distributions of dark photon countings between quantum and classical computations. When the number of dark-fermion flavors is large, we find significant enhancements in large numbers of dark photon emissions. Such enhancements can provide distinguishing signals for our scenarios at particle colliders.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
CRESCENDO: An on-the-fly Fokker-Planck Solver for Spectral Cosmic Rays in Cosmological Simulations
Creators: name: Böss, Ludwig M.
name: Steinwandel, Ulrich P.
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Lesch, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-thermal emission from relativistic Cosmic Ray (CR) electrons gives insight into the strength and morphology of intra-cluster magnetic fields, as well as providing powerful tracers of structure formation shocks. Emission caused by CR protons on the other hand still challenges current observations and is therefore testing models of proton acceleration at intra-cluster shocks. Large-scale simulations including the effects of CRs have been difficult to achieve and have been mainly reduced to simulating an overall energy budget, or tracing CR populations in post-processing of simulation output and has often been done for either protons or electrons. We introduce CRESCENDO: Cosmic Ray Evolution with SpeCtral Electrons aND prOtons, an efficient on-the-fly Fokker-Planck solver to evolve distributions of CR protons and electrons within every resolution element of our simulation. The solver accounts for CR (re-)acceleration at intra-cluster shocks, based on results of recent PIC simulations, adiabatic changes and radiative losses of electrons. We show its performance in test cases as well as idealized galaxy cluster (GC) simulations. We apply the model to an idealized GC merger following best-fit parameters for CIZA J2242.4+5301-1 and study CR injection, radio relic morphology, spectral steepening and synchrotron emission.
description: 25 pages (21 main paper + 4 appendix), 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Entangled tetrahedron ground state and excitations of the magneto-electric skyrmion material Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$
Creators: name: Romhányi, Judit
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: Rousochatzakis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strongly correlated cuprate Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ has recently been identified as the first insulating system exhibiting a skyrmion lattice phase. Using a microscopic multi-boson theory for its magnetic ground state and excitations, we establish the presence of two distinct types of modes: a low energy manifold that includes a gapless Goldstone mode and a set of weakly dispersive high-energy magnons. These spectral features are the most direct signatures of the fact that the essential magnetic building blocks of Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ are not individual Cu spins, but rather weakly-coupled Cu$_4$ tetrahedra. Several of the calculated excitation energies are in nearly perfect agreement with reported Raman and far-infrared absorption data, while the magneto-electric effect determined within the present quantum-mechanical framework is also fully consistent with experiments, giving strong evidence in the entangled Cu$_4$ tetrahedra picture of Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$. The predicted dispersions along with the dynamical dipole and quadrupole spin structure factors call for further experimental tests of this picture.
description: 4 pages main text + 5 pages supplementary material, 3 figures
How the climate shapes stalagmites—A comparative study of model and speleothem at the Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey
Creators: name: Merz, Niklas
name: Hubig, Alexander
name: Kleinen, Thomas
name: Therre, Steffen
name: Kaufmann, Georg
name: Frank, Norbert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: stalagmite
subject: paleoclimate
subject: modeling
subject: simulation
subject: speleothem
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Understanding how stalagmites grow under changing climate conditions is of great significance for their application as a paleoclimate archive. In this study, we present a shape modeling approach to stalagmite growth by combining three existing models accounting for climate variables, karst water chemistry, and speleothem deposition. The combined model requires only four input parameters: calcium concentration of the water drop, drip interval, cave temperature, and cave carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Using the output of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–land surface model MPI-ESM1.2 and the CaveCalc model for speleothem chemistry, we simulated stalagmite growth at Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey, (in the last 25 kyr) and compared the results to those of the existing So-1 stalagmite from the same cave. This approach allows simulating, completely independent of measured boundary conditions, a stalagmite geometry that follows the trend of the experimental data for the growth rate, with input parameters within the respective error ranges. When testing the sensitivity of the individual model parameters, the model suggests that the stalagmite radius mainly depends on the drip interval, whereas the growth rate is driven by the calcium concentration of the water drop. The model is also capable of showing some basic phenomena, like a decrease in growth rate (as observed in the real stalagmite), as CO2 concentration in the cave increases. The coupling of input parameters for the model to climate models represents the first attempt to understand an important climate archive in its shape and isotope content and opens the possibility for a new inverse approach to paleoclimate variables and model constraints.
Testing the Mean Matrix in High-Dimensional Transposable Data
Creators: name: Touloumis, Anestis
name: Tavaré, Simon
name: Marioni, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The structural information in high-dimensional transposable data allows us to write the data recorded for each subject in a matrix such that both the rows and the columns correspond to variables of interest. One important problem is to test the null hypothesis that the mean matrix has a particular structure without ignoring the potential dependence structure among and/or between the row and column variables. To address this, we develop a simple and computationally efficient nonparametric testing procedure to assess the hypothesis that, in each predefined subset of columns (rows), the column (row) mean vector remains constant. In simulation studies, the proposed testing procedure seems to have good performance and unlike traditional approaches, it is powerful without leading to inflated nominal sizes. Finally, we illustrate the use of the proposed methodology via two empirical examples from gene expression microarrays.
description: in Biometrics, 2015
Scenario-Driven Data Generation with Experimentable Digital Twins
Creators: name: Maqbool, Osama
name: Roßmann, Heinz-Jürgen
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Experimentable Digital Twins
Scenario Variation
Synthetic Datasets

description: 10 Seiten (2022). doi:10.36227/techrxiv.19786564.v1
Probiotics and probiotic-based vaccines: A novel approach for improving vaccine efficacy
Creators: name: Kazemifard, Nesa
name: Dehkohneh, Abolfazl
name: Baradaran Ghavami, Shaghayegh
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: probiotics
subject: vaccine
subject: vaccine efficacy
subject: probiotic-based vaccines
subject: gut microbiota
subject: adaptive immunity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Vaccination is defined as the stimulation and development of the adaptive immune system by administering specific antigens. Vaccines' efficacy, in inducing immunity, varies in different societies due to economic, social, and biological conditions. One of the influential biological factors is gut microbiota. Cross-talks between gut bacteria and the host immune system are initiated at birth during microbial colonization and directly control the immune responses and protection against pathogen colonization. Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders through the activity of the adaptive immune system and impair the adequate response to the vaccination. The bacteria used in probiotics are often members of the gut microbiota, which have health benefits for the host. Probiotics are generally consumed as a component of fermented foods, affect both innate and acquired immune systems, and decrease infections. This review aimed to discuss the gut microbiota's role in regulating immune responses to vaccination and how probiotics can help induce immune responses against pathogens. Finally, probiotic-based oral vaccines and their efficacy have been discussed.
Characterization of a genomic Island carrying the tet(X4) gene in porcine Acinetobacter towneri co-harboring plasmid-borne blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 genes
Creators: name: Li, Aijuan
name: Yu, Runhao
name: Zhao, Wenbo
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Li, Chenglong
name: Yao, Hong
name: Du, Xiang-Dang
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: tigecycline
subject: carbapenem
subject: resistance
subject: tet(X4)
subject: blaNDM−1
subject: blaOXA−58
subject: Acinetobacter towneri
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::632 Schäden, Krankheiten, Schädlinge an Pflanzen

description: Tigecycline and carbapenems are last-resort antimicrobial agents to treat serious infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens. However, the co-occurrence of tigecycline and carbapenem resistance determinants challenges the clinical efficacy of these antimicrobial agents. In this study, we report the co-existence of tet(X4), blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 genes in the porcine Acinetobacter towneri isolate 19110F47. Sequence analysis revealed that tet(X4) gene, along with the florfenicol resistance gene floR, was flanked by three copies of IS91-like elements, which can form three different translocatable units (TUs), and were located in a 41,098-bp multidrug resistance region (MDRR) within a novel 100,354-bp genomic island (GI) region. TUs comprising floR-virD2-ISVsa3, hp-abh-tet(X4)-ISVsa3 and virD2-floR-ISVsa3-hp-abh-tet(X4)-ISVsa3 can be looped out from the chromosomal DNA and facilitate the transfer of the TU-based resistance genes into other plasmidic or chromosomal sites. In addition, the carbapenemase genes blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 were found on different non-conjugative multiresistance plasmids in this isolate, with the genetic contexts ISAba125-blaNDM−1-bleMBL-tnpR and ΔISAba3-blaOXA−58-ISAba3, respectively. The simultaneous occurrence of tet(X4), blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 in the same porcine A. towneri isolate emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in food-producing animals.
title: Exploring the Interplay between Topological and Geometric Features of Graphs and their Embeddings
Creators: name: Kypridemou, Elektra
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: In the current global landscape of the modern information age, there is a plethora of systems of interconnected entities, represented as networks. Graphs serve as fundamental tools for modelling these relationships and processes of many real-world complex networks in a variety of fields, such as in social sciences, biology, and information systems. In many of these applications, embedding the graph in a metric space provides a better approach for modelling real-world scenarios.

This thesis delves into the intersection of graphs and their spatial embeddings. The first part investigates the impact of different two-dimensional spatial graph representations on human perception of graph properties. The second part examines graph classes with intrinsic geometric properties, and explores methods for recognising and characterising these classes topologically, when the geometric aspects are removed from their structures.

By traversing the realms of graph theory, spatial embeddings, and human perception, this thesis offers a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between graphs and their geometry, fostering insights across interdisciplinary boundaries.
Real-Time Gait Phase and Task Estimation for Controlling a Powered Ankle Exoskeleton on Extremely Uneven Terrain
Creators: name: Medrano, Roberto Leo
name: Thomas, Gray Cortright
name: Keais, Connor G.
name: Rouse, Elliott J.
name: Gregg, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Positive biomechanical outcomes have been reported with lower-limb exoskeletons in laboratory settings, but these devices have difficulty delivering appropriate assistance in synchrony with human gait as the task or rate of phase progression change in real-world environments. This paper presents a controller for an ankle exoskeleton that uses a data-driven kinematic model to continuously estimate the phase, phase rate, stride length, and ground incline states during locomotion, which enables the real-time adaptation of torque assistance to match human torques observed in a multi-activity database of 10 able-bodied subjects. We demonstrate in live experiments with a new cohort of 10 able-bodied participants that the controller yields phase estimates comparable to the state of the art, while also estimating task variables with similar accuracy to recent machine learning approaches. The implemented controller successfully adapts its assistance in response to changing phase and task variables, both during controlled treadmill trials (N=10, phase RMSE: 4.8 +- 2.4\%) and a real-world stress test with extremely uneven terrain (N=1, phase RMSE: 4.8 +- 2.7\%).
Pattern recognition with neuromorphic computing using magnetic-field induced dynamics of skyrmions
Creators: name: Yokouchi, Tomoyuki
name: Sugimoto, Satoshi
name: Rana, Bivas
name: Seki, Shinichiro
name: Ogawa, Naoki
name: Shiomi, Yuki
name: Kasai, Shinya
name: Otani, Yoshichika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear phenomena in physical systems can be used for brain-inspired computing with low energy consumption. Response from the dynamics of a topological spin structure called skyrmion is one of the candidates for such a neuromorphic computing. However, its ability has not been well explored experimentally. Here, we experimentally demonstrate neuromorphic computing using nonlinear response originating from magnetic-field induced dynamics of skyrmions. We designed a simple-structured skyrmion-based neuromorphic device and succeeded in handwritten digit recognition with the accuracy as large as 94.7 % and waveform recognition. Notably, there exists a positive correlation between the recognition accuracy and the number of skyrmions in the devices. The large degree of freedoms of skyrmion systems, such as the position and the size, originate the more complex nonlinear mapping and the larger output dimension, and thus high accuracy. Our results provide a guideline for developing energy-saving and high-performance skyrmion neuromorphic computing devices.
Wissenschaftliches Publizieren in Fachzeitschriften – neue Herausforderungen
Creators: name: Immenhauser, Beat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open Access
scientific journals

description: In der Präsentation wird die Entwicklung des Open Access grob skizziert, die gegenwärtige Situation kurz analysiert und der Beitrag der SAGW aufgezeigt.
Eine Förderspielsammlung zu Sprechmodifikation für Kinder von 4-8 Jahren mit Stottersymptomatik
Creators: name: Schuhmacher, Sarah
name: Schurter, Eveline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Logopädie
Bachelorarbeit
Förderspielsammlung
Stottersymptomatik

description: Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit war die Entwicklung und Auswertung einer Förderspielsammlung zur Sprechmodifikation für Kinder im Alter von 4-8 Jahren mit Stottersymptomatik. Diese soll Logopäd*innen dazu motivieren und sie darin unterstützen, Kinder im ersten Zyklus spielerisch und altersgerecht an verschiedene Methoden der Sprechmodifikation heranzuführen. Die Autorinnen gingen der Frage nach, wie eine theoriegeleitete Förderspielsammlung zur Sprechmodifikation aufgebaut und dargeboten werden muss, damit sie störungsbildspezifisch, zielgerichtet und didaktisch vielseitig angewendet werden kann. Mit Hilfe eines ausgiebigen Literaturstudiums entstand die Förderspielsammlung zu den drei Sprechweisen chilliges Sprechen, rhythmisches Sprechen und weicher Stimmeinsatz. Insgesamt wurden 20 Förderspielblätter entwickelt, welche von fünf Stotterexpertinnen auf Zielorientiertheit, Attraktivität und Benutzerfreundlichkeit hin bewertet wurden. Dazu gehörte auch die Durchführung von vier ausgewählten Förderspielblättern mit sechs stotternden Kindern. Die gesamte Förderspielsammlung wurde mittels eines Mixed-MethodsFragebogens, welchen die Stotterexpertinnen ausfüllten, bewertet. Die Autor*innen dieser Studie kamen zum Resultat, dass ein Interesse an der Förderspielsammlung besteht. Alle Stotterexpertinnen wollen sie erneut verwenden. Als Gründe wurden die vielfältigen Ideen, welche die Förderspielsammlung enthält und die ansprechende, kindgerechte Darstellung, ins Feld geführt. Zudem zeigt diese Arbeit auf, dass Sprechmodifikation spielerisch geübt und angewendet werden kann und konkrete Förderspiele nach theoretisch fundierten und altersgerechten Kriterien verwendet werden können.
The appendix for dynamic model of respiratory infectious disease transmission by population mobility based on city network
Creators: name: Guo, Zuiyuan
name: Li, Jiangfan
name: Xiao, Guangquan
name: Wang, Yayu
name: Gong, Lili
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In modern societies, newly emerging infectious diseases spread rapidly between regions owing to frequent contact between people, causing considerable social and economic impacts. In this study, first, a scale-free city network was established, and then the shortest path between any two nodes was determined. Second, the movement path of tourists was designed based on the shortest path. Subsequently, every infected person's information, such as the city, infection time, onset and hospitalization, was confirmed based on their movement path. Third, the features of the transmission path and time distribution of the epidemic were characterized after summarizing the information. Finally, the reliability of the model was verified. The number of citizens and tourists in every city remained stable during this time. The results indicated that a larger basic reproduction number (R0) and population outflow rate signify a faster growth rate of infected people in each city in the network. Compared with small and medium-sized cities, the epidemic spread faster in central cities. Population mobility was the decisive factor causing the spread of the epidemic to other areas. Therefore, the rapid spread of epidemics can be prevented by swiftly reducing the flow of people between cities.
CОVID-19 ТАЪСИРИДАГИ УМУРТҚА СПОНДИЛИТИНИНГ КЛИНИК-ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИК ЎЗГАРИШЛАРИ
Creators: name: Ҳайруллаев, А.А.
name: Маҳкамов, Н.Ж.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Муаммонинг долзарблиги, дунёда умуртқа поғонаси дегенератив дистрофик касалликларини даволаш тенденцияси тобора долзарб вазифа бўлиб бормоқда. COVID-19 пандемияси бутун дунё бўйлаб тарқалишидан кейинги ҳаракат таянч тизими ва травматология соҳалари учун синов бўлди. COVID-19 билан боғлиқ турли хил сурункали-ортопедик касалликлар нафакат яқиндан ўрганиш мавзусига айланди, балки энг долзарб тиббий ва ижтимоий муаммолардан бири бўлиб қелмокда.
Nonlinear quantum logic with colliding graphene plasmons
Creators: name: Calajò, Giuseppe
name: Jenke, Philipp K.
name: Rozema, Lee A.
name: Walther, Philip
name: Chang, Darrick E.
name: Cox, Joel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene has emerged as a promising platform to bring nonlinear quantum optics to the nanoscale, where a large intrinsic optical nonlinearity enables long-lived and actively tunable plasmon polaritons to strongly interact. Here we theoretically study the collision between two counter-propagating plasmons in a graphene nanoribbon, where transversal subwavelength confinement endows propagating plasmons with %large effective masses a flat band dispersion that enhances their interaction. This scenario presents interesting possibilities towards the implementation of multi-mode polaritonic gates that circumvent limitations imposed by the Shapiro no-go theorem for photonic gates in nonlinear optical fibers. As a paradigmatic example we demonstrate the feasibility of a high fidelity conditional Pi phase shift (CZ), where the gate performance is fundamentally limited only by the single-plasmon lifetime. These results open new exciting avenues towards quantum information and many-body applications with strongly-interacting polaritons.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
The role of local structure in dynamical arrest
Creators: name: Royall, C. Patrick
name: Williams, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous solids, or glasses, are distinguished from crystalline solids by their lack of long-range structural order. At the level of two-body structural correlations, glassformers show no qualitative change upon vitrifying from a supercooled liquid. Nonetheless the dynamical properties of a glass are so much slower that it appears to take on the properties of a solid. While many theories of the glass transition focus on dynamical quantities, a solid's resistance to flow is often viewed as a consequence of its structure. Here we address the viewpoint that this remains the case for a glass. Recent developments using higher-order measures show a clear emergence of structure upon dynamical arrest in a variety of glass formers and offer the tantalising hope of a structural mechanism for arrest. However a rigorous fundamental identification of such a causal link between structure and arrest remains elusive. We undertake a critical survey of this work in experiments, computer simulation and theory and discuss what might strengthen the link between structure and dynamical arrest. We move on to highlight the relationship between crystallisation and glass-forming ability made possible by this deeper understanding of the structure of the liquid state, and emphasize the potential to design materials with optimal glassforming and crystallisation ability, for applications such as phase-change memory. We then consider aspects of the phenomenology of glassy systems where structural measures have yet to make a large impact, such as polyamorphism (the existence of multiple liquid states), aging (the time-evolution of non-equilibrium materials below their glass transition) and the response of glassy materials to external fields such as shear.
description: 70 pages
Histamine release in anaesthesia and surgery. premedication with H1- and H2-receptor antagonists: indications, benefits and possible problems
Creators: name: Doenicke, A.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adjuvants, Anesthesia/pharmacology
subject: Anaphylaxis/prevention & control
subject: Anesthetics/pharmacology
subject: Anti-Anxiety Agents
subject: Benzodiazepines
subject: Drug Combinations
subject: Etomidate/administration & dosage
subject: Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
subject: Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
subject: Histamine Release/drug effects
subject: Humans
subject: Lorazepam/analogs & derivatives
subject: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/administration & dosage
subject: Premedication

description: Our clinical and experimental studies have so far demonstrated, that the drugs used in anaesthesia; such as hypnotics, sedatives, narcotics or muscle relaxants, release histamine. The intravenous short acting anaesthetic etomidate has not shown either in experimental studies or in clinical use for 10 years any anaphylactoid reaction. The benzodiazepines are another group of drugs which appear not to release high amounts of histamine. Accurate studies on volunteers as well as on patients on the application of H1- and H2-receptor antagonists have demonstrated an effective inhibition of the anaphylactoid reaction. We suggest that in case of a history of allergy H1- and H2-receptor antagonists should be administered as a prophylactic premedication.
A spectral incarnation of affine character sheaves
Creators: name: Ben-Zvi, David
name: Nadler, David
name: Preygel, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a Langlands dual realization of the putative category of affine character sheaves. Namely, we calculate the categorical center and trace (also known as the Drinfeld center and trace, or categorical Hochschild cohomology and homology) of the affine Hecke category starting from its spectral presentation. The resulting categories comprise coherent sheaves on the commuting stack of local systems on the two-torus satisfying prescribed support conditions, in particular singular support conditions as appear in recent advances in the Geometric Langlands program. The key technical tools in our arguments are: a new descent theory for coherent sheaves or D-modules with prescribed singular support; and the theory of integral transforms for coherent sheaves developed in the companion paper [BNP].
description: 28 pages
Metabolism and function of gastric histamine in health and disease
Creators: name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Thon, K.
name: Barth, H.
name: Neugebauer, E.
name: Reimann, H. J.
name: Kusche, J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/metabolism
subject: Animals
subject: Duodenal Ulcer/surgery
subject: Gastric Acid/secretion
subject: Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
subject: Histamine/metabolism
subject: Histamine H2 Antagonists/pharmacology
subject: Histamine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
subject: Histamine Release
subject: Humans
subject: Vagotomy
subject: Vagus Nerve/physiology

description: Histamine is not uniformly distributed in the human and animal organisms, but occurs in high concentrations in the gastric mucosa. The enzymes responsible for its metabolism--histidine decarboxylase, histamine N-methyltransferase and diamine oxidase--seem to be less predominantly localized in the stomach. Considerable effort was necessary to detect and measure histamine formation in the gastric mucosa. This was a controversial subject that only was solved recently. Histamine inactivation by histamine methyltransferase occurs in man in the fundic gastric mucosa that has reasonable enzymic activity. However, liver, spleen and intestine show much higher activities indicating less specificity of histamine catabolism in the gastric mucosa. Finally, diamine oxidase activity was once thought to be absent in the corpus mucosa, but more recently, moderate activities of this enzyme were found in several species, including man. Thus, histamine metabolism in the gastric mucosa is by no means unique in mammalian tissues, but the presence of these enzymes may be regarded as an indicator of its physiological function. To some extent enzymic activities involved in histamine formation and inactivation are regulated in the process of acid secretion. Histidine decarboxylase and histamine N-methyltransferase activities are enhanced by gastrin, but are not influenced by vagal stimulation. Hitherto, only histamine methylation was found to be diminished in duodenal ulcer disease. Vagotomy and histamine H2-receptor antagonists modulate histamine catabolism by histamine methyltransferase. The implication of these findings for treatment of duodenal ulcer are discussed.
Nonsingular spherically symmetric black-hole model with holonomy corrections
Creators: name: Alonso-Bardaji, Asier
name: Brizuela, David
name: Vera, Raül
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a covariant model of a spherically symmetric black hole with corrections motivated by loop quantum gravity. The effective modifications, parametrized by a positive constant $λ$, are implemented through a canonical transformation and a linear combination of the constraints of general relativity, in such a way that the theory remains free of anomalies and general relativity is recovered for $λ=0$. In addition, the corresponding metric is constructed in a fully covariant way to ensure that gauge transformations on phase space correspond to coordinate changes. The solution for each gauge choice provides a chart and corresponding line element of a spacetime solution whose geometry is unambiguously determined in terms of the parameter $λ$ and a constant of motion $m$. For positive values of $m$, the solution is asymptotically flat and contains a globally hyperbolic black-hole/white-hole region with a minimal spacelike hypersurface that replaces the Schwarzschild singularity. The corresponding exterior regions are isometric and, in particular, allow the computation of the ADM mass. The procedure to obtain the global causal structure of the solution yields also its maximal analytic extension.
description: Minor changes to match the published version
Mechanical overtone frequency combs
Creators: name: de Jong, Matthijs H. J.
name: Ganesan, Adarsh
name: Cupertino, Andrea
name: Gröblacher, Simon
name: Norte, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical frequency combs are poised to bring the applications and utility of optical frequency combs into the mechanical domain. So far, their main challenge has been strict requirements on drive frequencies and power, which complicate operation. We demonstrate a straightforward mechanism to create a frequency comb consisting of mechanical overtones (integer multiples) of a single eigenfrequency, by monolithically integrating a suspended dielectric membrane with a counter-propagating optical trap. The periodic optical field modulates the dielectrophoretic force on the membrane at the overtones of a membrane's motion. These overtones share a fixed frequency and phase relation, and constitute a mechanical frequency comb. The periodic optical field also creates an optothermal parametric drive that requires no additional power or external frequency reference. This combination of effects results in an easy-to-use mechanical frequency comb platform that requires no precise alignment, no additional feedback or control electronics, and only uses a single, mW continuous wave laser beam. This highlights the overtone frequency comb as the straightforward future for applications in sensing, metrology and quantum acoustics.
Enabling Meta-analysis with a Research Data Repository
Creators: name: Marcotte, John
name: Rush, Sarah
name: Ogden-Schuette, Kelly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Meta-analysis
Research data repository

description: Meta-analysis is a well-established method to systematically assess previous research and to derive conclusions about a body of scientific inquiry. Inferences based on multiple studies are more credible and are an important aspect of evidence-based research. While meta-analysis is typically conducted by comparing published articles, the availability of research data from different studies in the same repository accords the opportunity to examine results simultaneously. Data in the same repository facilitates discovery and access. Specifically, similar data in the same repository enables researchers to estimate analogous regressions. As evidence-based research becomes more widespread, facilitating meta-analytic research should be a key aim of repositories. A repository that adheres to the F.A.I.R. (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles offers researchers the opportunity to compare results from different studies. Repositories that focus on a theme, such as NICHD-funded Data Sharing for Demographic Research (DSDR), enable researchers to find studies with comparable variables and analogous samples. DSDR archives data on mother and child health, health disparities, and the human lifecycle for secondary analysis. Examples of analogous studies in DSDR are studies that have collected data on food insecurity, family structure and sexuality. While meta-analysis is common in the health sciences including public health, epidemiology and evidence-based medicine, quantitative researchers in other disciplines including the social sciences have not employed the technique as frequently. Meta-analysis can add to the validity of trends and other findings by demonstrating that results are not limited to a single study. Repositories that host data related to a common theme enable researchers to check if findings are consistent across multiple studies. Through repositories, researchers can also replicate published studies. In this paper, we demonstrate how to find comparable data and variables for meta-analysis. We show an example of a meta-analysis with datasets available in the DSDR repository.
Prospektive, kontrollierte Studien in der Chirurgie. Kontroverse Standpunkte zur Motivierung und Durchführung [Prospective controlled clinical trials in surgery. Controversial issues in motivation and performance (author's transl)]
Creators: name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Rohde, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Ethics, Medical
subject: Evaluation Studies as Topic
subject: Germany, West
subject: Humans
subject: Motivation
subject: Patient Care Planning
subject: Prospective Studies
subject: Sampling Studies
subject: Surgical Procedures, Operative/standards

description: Controversial aspects in prospective controlled trials in surgery can be detected at various stages in the course of this research work, such as in motivation, planning and performance as well as in assessment and evaluation of the results. Especially the introduction of control groups, randomization and "blindness" of patients, operators and doctors running the follow-up are subjects of a controversial discussion. Subthreshold arguments for defenders and eniers of the trial are taken from different theories of science, such as empirism and rationalism which are more effective in the daily routine work than expected. Provided that convincingly only therapeutic and diagnostic procedures are compared which were considered as equi-effective and reliable to the same extent according to the best and most complete knowledge available it is ethically justified to perform controlled randomized trials. It should, however, not be expected that they (always) produce differences between treatment of high degree of difference. The aim of the controlled trials is not the introduction of sensational novelties into medicine, but the abolition and prevention of unnecessary and unworthy modes.
Detection of 125.5-day Optical Periodic Modulation of the Neutron Star M51 ULX-8
Creators: name: Allak, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in the optical wavelengths provides important clues about the accretion mechanisms and the evolutionary processes of X-ray binary systems. In this study, three (C1, C2, and C3) possible optical counterparts were identified for well-known neutron star (NS) candidate M51 ULX-8 through advanced astrometry based on the Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope, HST) observations, as well as the GAIA optical source catalogue. Optical periodic modulation of 125.5 days with an amplitude of 0.14 magnitude was determined for C3 which has evidence to represent the optical nature of ULX-8 using one-year (2016-2017) 34 HST ACS (Advanced Camera for Surveys)/WFC (Wide Field Camera) observations. Moreover, surprisingly, the observed optical fluxes of C3 exhibit a bi-modal distribution. This could mean that there is a possible correlation between the optical and the X-ray flux variabilities of the ULX-8. The possible scenarios which are frequently mentioned in the literature proposed for the nature of optical emission and optical super-orbital period. The most probable scenario is that the optical emission could have originated from the accretion disk of the ULX-8.
description: ACCEPTED for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 9 figures, 4 Tables
Characterization and Compensation of Network-Level Anomalies in Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Modeling Platforms
Creators: name: Petrovici, Mihai A.
name: Vogginger, Bernhard
name: Müller, Paul
name: Breitwieser, Oliver
name: Lundqvist, Mikael
name: Muller, Lyle
name: Ehrlich, Matthias
name: Destexhe, Alain
name: Lansner, Anders
name: Schüffny, René
name: Schemmel, Johannes
name: Meier, Karlheinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advancing the size and complexity of neural network models leads to an ever increasing demand for computational resources for their simulation. Neuromorphic devices offer a number of advantages over conventional computing architectures, such as high emulation speed or low power consumption, but this usually comes at the price of reduced configurability and precision. In this article, we investigate the consequences of several such factors that are common to neuromorphic devices, more specifically limited hardware resources, limited parameter configurability and parameter variations. Our final aim is to provide an array of methods for coping with such inevitable distortion mechanisms. As a platform for testing our proposed strategies, we use an executable system specification (ESS) of the BrainScaleS neuromorphic system, which has been designed as a universal emulation back-end for neuroscientific modeling. We address the most essential limitations of this device in detail and study their effects on three prototypical benchmark network models within a well-defined, systematic workflow. For each network model, we start by defining quantifiable functionality measures by which we then assess the effects of typical hardware-specific distortion mechanisms, both in idealized software simulations and on the ESS. For those effects that cause unacceptable deviations from the original network dynamics, we suggest generic compensation mechanisms and demonstrate their effectiveness. Both the suggested workflow and the investigated compensation mechanisms are largely back-end independent and do not require additional hardware configurability beyond the one required to emulate the benchmark networks in the first place. We hereby provide a generic methodological environment for configurable neuromorphic devices that are targeted at emulating large-scale, functional neural networks.
Prophylaxis of anaphylactoid reactions to a polypeptidal plasma substitute by H1- plus H2-receptor antagonists: synopsis of three randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Schöning, B.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Doenicke, A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adult
subject: Anaphylaxis/prevention & control
subject: Animals
subject: Cimetidine/therapeutic use
subject: Clinical Trials as Topic
subject: Dimethindene/therapeutic use
subject: Dogs
subject: Female
subject: Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis
subject: Polygeline/adverse effects
subject: Polymers/adverse effects
subject: Premedication
subject: Random Allocation

description: To demonstrate the efficacy of a premedication with H1- + H2-receptor antagonists against histamine-release responses in anaesthesia and surgery 3 randomized controlled trials were conducted in patients, volunteers and experimental animals (dogs). Cutaneous anaphylactoid reactions following infusion of polygeline (Haemaccel) in orthopedic patients were successfully abolished by premedication with 0.1 mg/kg dimethpyrindene (Fenistil) and 5 mg/kg cimetidine (Tagamet). Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) was also useful, but dimethpyrindene was more effective in the doses recommended and used. Side-effects of the premedication were not observed when the 2 drugs were slowly administered (2 min each). Systemic anaphylactoid reactions following infusion of polygeline were completely prevented in volunteers by the same premedication (0.1 mg/kg dimethpyrindene and 10 mg/kg cimetidine). Life-threatening reactions could not be tested in human subjects, but were elicited in experimental animals (dogs). In this species which resembles man in its sensitivity against histamine, in plasma histamine levels and in response to polygeline life-threatening reactions were prevented or in especially severe cases diminished to such an extent by the premedication with H1- + H2-blockers that this premedication was finally judged to be very effective against histamine-release responses of any grade of severity. To confirm this clinically very important hypothesis more clinical trials in patients at risk for anaphylactoid reactions to drugs are urgently needed.
Plasma histamine levels in patients in the course of several standard operations: influence of anaesthesia, surgical trauma and blood transfusion
Creators: name: Röher, H. D.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Lennartz, H.
name: Kusche, J.
name: Dietz, W.
name: Gerdes, B.
name: Parkin, J. V.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Anesthesia/adverse effects
subject: Blood Transfusion/adverse effects
subject: Clinical Trials as Topic
subject: Female
subject: Histamine/blood
subject: Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use
subject: Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Pilot Projects
subject: Premedication
subject: Prospective Studies
subject: Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects

description: A prospective controlled clinical trial was conducted on changes in plasma histamine and catecholamine levels during 5 standard operations. This communication, as the first part of the trial, deals only with the feasibility of such a trial and the changes in plasma histamine levels. Elevated histamine concentrations corresponding to histamine-release responses of greater than 1 ng/ml occurred in 8 of 25 operations. In an explorative analysis these responses were associated with distinct phases of anaesthesia or the surgical procedure. Blood transfusion carried the risk of infusion of "free histamine" into the patient--especially when administered under pressure. Since during operations "free histamine" enters the circulation with a rather high incidence and may cause harmful effects, premedication with H1-+H2-receptor antagonists seems worth consideration.
ASEVis: Visual Exploration of Active System Ensembles to Define Characteristic Measures
Creators: name: Evers, Marina
name: Wittkowski, Raphael
name: Linsen, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simulation ensembles are a common tool in physics for understanding how a model outcome depends on input parameters. We analyze an active particle system, where each particle can use energy from its surroundings to propel itself. A multi-dimensional feature vector containing all particles' motion information can describe the whole system at each time step. The system's behavior strongly depends on input parameters like the propulsion mechanism of the particles. To understand how the time-varying behavior depends on the input parameters, it is necessary to introduce new measures to quantify the difference of the dynamics of the ensemble members. We propose a tool that supports the interactive visual analysis of time-varying feature-vector ensembles. A core component of our tool allows for the interactive definition and refinement of new measures that can then be used to understand the system's behavior and compare the ensemble members. Different visualizations support the user in finding a characteristic measure for the system. By visualizing the user-defined measure, the user can then investigate the parameter dependencies and gain insights into the relationship between input parameters and simulation output.