cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fowlea flavipunctatus
Creators: name: Figueroa, Alex
name: Low, Martyn E. Y.
name: Lim, Kelvin K. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Colubridae
Fowlea
Fowlea flavipunctatus

description: Fowlea flavipunctatus (Hallowell, 1860) — Erroneous.
Yellow-Spotted Keelback
Singapore records.
Tropidonotus quincunciatus — Ģnther, 1858b: 70.— Davison, 1892: 91.
Tropidonotus piscator — Boulenger, 1893: 231.— de Rooij, 1917: 76.—Ridley, 1899: 207.
Tropidonotus piscator var. A— Flower, 1896: 879.— Flower, 1899: 660.
Natrix piscator —Sworder, 1923: 60.— de Haas, 1949: 81.
Xenochrophis piscator —K. Lim & F. Lim, 1988a: 27 (Mandai Lake Road).—K. Lim & F. Lim, 1988c: 74 (Mandai Lake Road).—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim 1988d: 87 (Mandai).—F.L.K. Lim & Lee, 1989: 58, 115.—K. Lim, 1990a: 9 (Singapore Zoo).—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—F.L.K. Lim, 1991: 65.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 78, 147.—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 105.—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 384 (Upper Seletar).— Bauer, 2019: 382.
Xenochrophis flavipunctatus —K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 147.—Vogel & David, 2006: 244.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 166.—D.C.J. Yeo & C.S.W. Chia, 2010.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 166.— Vogel & David, 2012: 26, 47.—Wallach et al., 2014: 797.
Remarks. Fowlea flavipunctatus is part of the F. piscator complex, which has suffered from a complicated taxonomic history (Vogel & David 2012). Until recently members of Xenochrophis, both these species were newly placed into Fowlea following molecular evidence (Purkayastha et al. 2018). Fowlea flavipunctatus was considered a subspecies of F. piscator until Taylor (1965) described it as a separate species. A specimen of F. piscator [= flavipunctatus] from Singapore, part of Hardwicke’s collection, was reported by Ģnther (1858b) and Boulenger (1893). In addition, specimens also considered F. piscator, but really are F. flavipunctatus, were seen repeatedly in the Mandai and US areas. These individuals are considered escaped individuals and progeny of specimens imported from Thailand by Singapore Zoo (Lim & Lim 1988; Teo & Rajathurai 1997). Since these reports, the species has not been recorded again. As F. flavipunctatus is only restricted to the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia (Quah & Shahrul 2018) and does not occupy the entire peninsula (Vogel & David 2012) as previously thought, we exclude F. flavipunctatus from Singapore’s herpetofauna checklist.
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): BMNH 1963.974 (no date); Mandai Lake Road: ZRC.2.2401 (Dec-1988).
Additional Singapore museum specimens. No specimens.
Family Pythonidae Fitzinger, 1826 (1 species)
Genus Python Daudin, 1803 (1 species)
description: Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on pages 255-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319
Two-dimensional modeling of the self-limiting oxidation in silicon and tungsten nanowires
Creators: name: Liu, Mingchao
name: Jin, Peng
name: Xu, Zhiping
name: Hanaor, Dorian A. H.
name: Gan, Yixiang
name: Chen, Changqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-limiting oxidation of nanowires has been previously described as a reaction- or diffusion-controlled process. In this letter, the concept of finite reactive region is introduced into a diffusion-controlled model, based upon which a two-dimensional cylindrical kinetics model is developed for the oxidation of silicon nanowires and is extended for tungsten. In the model, diffusivity is affected by the expansive oxidation reaction induced stress. The dependency of the oxidation upon curvature and temperature is modeled. Good agreement between the model predictions and available experimental data is obtained. The developed model serves to quantify the oxidation in two-dimensional nanostructures and is expected to facilitate their fabrication via thermal oxidation techniques. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taml.2016.08.002
description: Creative Commons License
Metzgeria inflata Steph.
Creators: name: Schäfer-Verwimp, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Metzgeriales
Metzgeriaceae
Metzgeria
Metzgeria inflata

description: Metzgeria inflata Steph.
 Coclé: Loc. 6, epiphytic, 34258.
A rather rare neotropical species, known only from Venezuela (type), Puerto Rico, and Panama (Coclé, Panamá) (Costa 2008).
description: Published as part of Schäfer-Verwimp, A., 2014, Towards a more complete knowledge of the liverwort flora of Panama, pp. 201-234 in Phytotaxa 172 (3) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.172.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5142583
Additional file 1 of Cooperation & Liaison between Universities & Editors (CLUE): recommendations on best practice
Creators: name: Wager, Elizabeth
name: Kleinert, Sabine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Citrulline in the management of patients with urea cycle disorders
Creators: name: Imbard, Apolline
name: Bouchereau, Juliette
name: Arnoux, Jean-Baptiste
name: Brassier, Anaïs
name: Schiff, Manuel
name: Bérat, Claire-Marine
name: Pontoizeau, Clément
name: Benoist, Jean-François
name: Josse, Constant
name: Montestruc, François
name: de Lonlay, Pascale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Morphological Statistics of the Cosmic Web
Creators: name: Shandarin, Sergei F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the {\em first} systematic study of the supercluster-void network in the $Λ$CDM concordance cosmology treating voids and superclusters on an equal footing. We study the dark matter density field in real space smoothed with the $L_s = 5$ \hm1 Mpc Gaussian window. Superclusters and voids are defined as individual members of over-dense and under-dense excursion sets respectively. We determine the morphological properties of the cosmic web at a large number of dark matter density levels by computing Minkowski functionals for every supercluster and void. At the adopted smoothing scale individual superclusters totally occupy no more than about 5% of the total volume and contain no more than 20% of mass if the largest supercluster is excluded. Likewise, individual voids totally occupy no more than 14% of volume and contain no more than 4% of mass if the largest void is excluded. The genus of individual superclusters can be $\sim 5$ while the genus of individual voids reaches $\sim 55$, implying significant amount of substructure in superclusters and especially in voids. Large voids are typically distinctly non-spherical.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, uses iaus.cls, Invited talk at IAU Colloquium 195 "Outskirts of galaxy clusters: intense life in the suburbs", Torino, Italy, March 12-16, 2004
Atomic Fermi-Bose mixtures in inhomogeneous and random lattices: From Fermi glass to quantum spin glass and quantum percolation
Creators: name: Sanpera, Anna
name: Kantian, Adrian
name: Sanchez-Palencia, Laurent
name: Zakrzewski, Jakub
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate atomic Fermi-Bose mixtures in inhomogeneous and random optical lattices in the limit of strong atom-atom interactions. We derive the effective Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of the system and discuss its low temperature physics. We demonstrate possibility of controlling the interactions at local level in inhomogeneous but regular lattices. Such a control leads to the achievement of Fermi glass, quantum Fermi spin glass, and quantum percolation regimes involving bare and/or composite fermions in random lattices.
description: minor changes; Physical Review Letters 93, 040401 (2004)
World Agriculture Without GATT
Creators: name: Gilmore, Richard
name: Gilmore, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Clearly the world and U.S. agriculture would be better off with a new GATT agreement that reduces internal support for producers, cuts protection from imports, and limits export subsidies. American agriculture, however, cannot afford the wait. A mild prescription for becoming more competitive and responsive to market developments offers a high economic return for U.S. consumers and producers. It is time to reinforce the movement toward greater planting flexibility for U.S. producers, encourage value added exports and implement a U.S. export strategy for non-GATT countries.
Additional file 4 of Citrulline in the management of patients with urea cycle disorders
Creators: name: Imbard, Apolline
name: Bouchereau, Juliette
name: Arnoux, Jean-Baptiste
name: Brassier, Anaïs
name: Schiff, Manuel
name: Bérat, Claire-Marine
name: Pontoizeau, Clément
name: Benoist, Jean-François
name: Josse, Constant
name: Montestruc, François
name: de Lonlay, Pascale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 4
Python regius
Creators: name: Figueroa, Alex
name: Low, Martyn E. Y.
name: Lim, Kelvin K. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Pythonidae
Python
Python regius

description: Python regius (Shaw, 1802) — Non-native; Introduced.
Ball Python
Singapore records.
Python regius — N. Baker, 2020c: 99 (Old Upper Thomson Road).
Remarks. Recently on 24 April 2020, a P. regius was found along the drain running along OUTR (Baker 2020). Python regius is native to western and central Africa (Wallach et al. 2014); thus, the snake was most certainly a released pet. Python regius is popular in the pet trade, and is celebrated for its exorbitant number of captive-bred colour morphs. The individual featured in Baker (2020) was identified as a “killer blast” morph.
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. No specimens.
Additional Singapore museum specimens. No specimens.
description: Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on page 256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319
BHIN2vec: Balancing the Type of Relation in Heterogeneous Information Network
Creators: name: Lee, Seonghyeon
name: Park, Chanyoung
name: Yu, Hwanjo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The goal of network embedding is to transform nodes in a network to a low-dimensional embedding vectors. Recently, heterogeneous network has shown to be effective in representing diverse information in data. However, heterogeneous network embedding suffers from the imbalance issue, i.e. the size of relation types (or the number of edges in the network regarding the type) is imbalanced. In this paper, we devise a new heterogeneous network embedding method, called BHIN2vec, which considers the balance among all relation types in a network. We view the heterogeneous network embedding as simultaneously solving multiple tasks in which each task corresponds to each relation type in a network. After splitting the skip-gram loss into multiple losses corresponding to different tasks, we propose a novel random-walk strategy to focus on the tasks with high loss values by considering the relative training ratio. Unlike previous random walk strategies, our proposed random-walk strategy generates training samples according to the relative training ratio among different tasks, which results in a balanced training for the node embedding. Our extensive experiments on node classification and recommendation demonstrate the superiority of BHIN2vec compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Also, based on the relative training ratio, we analyze how much each relation type is represented in the embedding space.
Metzgeria leptoneura Spruce
Creators: name: Schäfer-Verwimp, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Metzgeriales
Metzgeriaceae
Metzgeria
Metzgeria leptoneura

description: Metzgeria leptoneura Spruce
 Chiriqui: Loc. 21, on root of tree, 1660 m, 34426; 26, epiphytic, 34536. * Coclé: Loc. 6, epiphytic, 34241.
A subcosmopolitan species, from Panama so far reported from Chiriqui, Darién and Panamá provinces (Costa 2008).
description: Published as part of Schäfer-Verwimp, A., 2014, Towards a more complete knowledge of the liverwort flora of Panama, pp. 201-234 in Phytotaxa 172 (3) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.172.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5142583
Creation of massive particles in a tunneling universe
Creators: name: Hong, Jooyoo
name: Vilenkin, Alexander
name: Winitzki, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the particle production during tunneling in quantum cosmology. We consider a minisuperspace model with a massive, conformally coupled scalar field and a uniform radiation background. In this model, we construct a semiclassical wave function describing a small recollapsing universe and a nucleated inflating universe (``tunneling from something''). We find that the quantum states of the scalar field in both the initial and the nucleated universe are close to the adiabatic vacuum, the number of created particles is small, and their backreaction on the metric is negligible. We show that the use of the semiclassical approximation is justified for this wave function. Our results imply that the creation of the universe from nothing can be understood as a limit of tunneling from a small recollapsing universe.
description: 32 pages, 1 figure
U.S. Farm Output: It's Export Dependent
Creators: name: Sharples, Jerry A.
name: Hart, Tracy
name: Sharples, Jerry A.
name: Hart, Tracy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: U.S. farm output, from the 1930s until 1981, increased steadily, but growth stopped in the 1980s. Now, after 9 years of volatility, total farm output is less than it was in 1981. The largest decline occurred in the production of grains and oil crops such as soybeans. This stagnation of the 1980s is not a production capacity problem, however. The U.S. could produce a lot more. Instead, a fall in export demand accounts for the stagnation of production.
Phrynoidis asper
Creators: name: Figueroa, Alex
name: Low, Martyn E. Y.
name: Lim, Kelvin K. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Bufonidae
Phrynoidis
Phrynoidis asper

description: Phrynoidis asper (Gravenhorst, 1829) — Erroneous.
River Toad
Singapore records.
No published records.
Remarks. Three museum specimens of P. asper have Singapore as their locality. Specimen CAS 16796 was collected by Thompson in August 1908, ZMH A15212 was collected by Schwinghammer on 29 October 1908 (both from unknown locations), and BPBM 7043 was collected by Hendrickson on 23 December 1953 at the old University of Malaya campus in Singapore. Although P. asper ranges from Myanmar and Thailand south to southern Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo (Grismer 2011a), its preference for fast-flowing rivers (Grismer 2011a), excludes it from Singapore.
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. No specimens.
Additional Singapore museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): CAS, ZMH; University of Malaya [= NUS Bukit Timah]: BPBM.
Family Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871 (2 species)
Genus Limnonectes Fitzinger, 1843 (2 species)
description: Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on page 257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319
Additional file 3 of Citrulline in the management of patients with urea cycle disorders
Creators: name: Imbard, Apolline
name: Bouchereau, Juliette
name: Arnoux, Jean-Baptiste
name: Brassier, Anaïs
name: Schiff, Manuel
name: Bérat, Claire-Marine
name: Pontoizeau, Clément
name: Benoist, Jean-François
name: Josse, Constant
name: Montestruc, François
name: de Lonlay, Pascale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 3
Precise quasielastic neutrino/nucleon cross section
Creators: name: Strumia, Alessandro
name: Vissani, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasielastic antineutrino/proton and neutrino/neutron scatterings can be well approximated by simple formulae, valid around MeV or GeV energies. We obtain a single expression valid in the whole range, and discuss its relevance for studies of supernova neutrinos, which reach intermediate energies.
description: 12 pages. Version 2: comparison with various approximations expanded. To appear on Phys. Lett. B
Synthesis of 8-alkylthio- and 8-selanyl-3-tert-butylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines
Creators: name: Ivanov, Sergey M.
name: Mironovich, Lyudmila M.
name: Minyaev, Mikhail E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Interaction of 8-lithio-3-tert-butyl-4-oxopyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-1-ide with elemental sulfur or selenium in THF with further in situ alkylation at –97 °C followed by warming to room temperature furnished a series of 3-tert-butyl-8-X-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(6H)-ones (X = n-BuS, n-BuSe, MeSe, PhCH2S) in good yields. 8,8'-Diselanediylbis(3-tert-butylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one) was also isolated as a by-product in these reactions. One-pot interaction of the n-BuSe substituted derivative with diborane/boron trifluoride led to reduction of the 1,2,4-triazine core and partial elimination of the alkylselanyl moiety. The structures of the synthesized products were established on the basis of IR, 1H, 13C, 2D HMBC 1H–77Se NMR and high resolution mass spectra, as well as X-ray single crystal diffraction analyses. Two of the prepared compounds were also tested for antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
Limnonectes doriae
Creators: name: Figueroa, Alex
name: Low, Martyn E. Y.
name: Lim, Kelvin K. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Dicroglossidae
Limnonectes
Limnonectes doriae

description: Limnonectes doriae (Boulenger, 1887) — Erroneous.
Doria’s Frog
Singapore records.
Rana doriae — Boulenger, 1912: 231 (Bukit Timah).—K.K.P. Lim & Yang, 1991: 226.
Limnonectes doriae —N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 168.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 168.
Remarks. The record of L. doriae actually refers to L. plicatellus from Butler (1904). Oddly, Boulenger (1912) included Butler’s (1904) record into his accounts for L. doriae and L. plicatellus, but for L. plicatellus he cited Butler incorrectly, citing the year as “1903”. If Boulenger (1912) intended to synonymise L. plicatellus with L. doriae, the synonymy was not recognised by subsequent researchers.
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. No specimens.
Additional Singapore museum specimens. No specimens.
description: Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on page 257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319
Metzgeria liebmanniana Lindenb. & Gottsche
Creators: name: Schäfer-Verwimp, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Metzgeriales
Metzgeriaceae
Metzgeria
Metzgeria liebmanniana

description: Metzgeria liebmanniana Lindenb. & Gottsche
 Chiriqui: Loc. 17, epiphytic, 1950–2260 m, 30865, 30879.
Widespread tropical and subtropical American species (Mexico to Argentina and Chile, from Panama recently reported from a single collection (Chiriqui / Bocas del Toro) (Costa 2008).
description: Published as part of Schäfer-Verwimp, A., 2014, Towards a more complete knowledge of the liverwort flora of Panama, pp. 201-234 in Phytotaxa 172 (3) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.172.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5142583
A Brief on When and How Rural Economic Development Should be Done
Creators: name: Rickman, Dan S.
name: Rickman, Dan S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Reports of worrisome economic trends and deficiencies in rural areas typically spawn pronouncements on the need for rural economic development. Such reports often highlight: declining employment in primary economic sectors, high unemployment, a lack of jobs for young workers and a consequent aging of the population, overall population loss, closures of local businesses, declining per capita incomes relative to urban areas, inadequate education and healthcare, and high rates of poverty. What are seldom subsequently addressed, however, are issues of whether these can and should be remedied, and whether the state should play a role. In the following, I discuss these issues and recommend courses of action. The discussion and recommendations are based on what we know from academic research on rural areas (and regions more generally), including research I have done with long-time collaborator Mark Partridge. I first address the issue of whether a case can be made for state involvement in rural economic development efforts. This is followed by discussion of how to decide which areas to develop. I conclude by offering a few broad guidelines for state rural economic development strategies.
Universal Behavior of the Coefficients of the Continuous Equation in Competitive Growth Models
Creators: name: Muraca, D.
name: Braunstein, L. A.
name: Buceta, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The competitive growth models involving only one kind of particles (CGM), are a mixture of two processes one with probability $p$ and the other with probability $1-p$. The $p-$dependance produce crossovers between two different regimes. We demonstrate that the coefficients of the continuous equation, describing their universality classes, are quadratic in $p$ (or $1-p$). We show that the origin of such dependance is the existence of two different average time rates. Thus, the quadratic $p-$dependance is an universal behavior of all the CGM. We derive analytically the continuous equations for two CGM, in 1+1 dimensions, from the microscopic rules using a regularization procedure. We propose generalized scalings that reproduce the scaling behavior in each regime. In order to verify the analytic results and the scalings, we perform numerical integrations of the derived analytical equations. The results are in excellent agreement with those of the microscopic CGM presented here and with the proposed scalings.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Obstacles to State Preparation and Variational Optimization from Symmetry Protection
Creators: name: Bravyi, Sergey
name: Kliesch, Alexander
name: Koenig, Robert
name: Tang, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local Hamiltonians with topological quantum order exhibit highly entangled ground states that cannot be prepared by shallow quantum circuits. Here, we show that this property may extend to all low-energy states in the presence of an on-site $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. This proves a version of the No Low-Energy Trivial States (NLTS) conjecture for a family of local Hamiltonians with symmetry protected topological order. A surprising consequence of this result is that the Goemans-Williamson algorithm outperforms the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for certain instances of MaxCut, at any constant level. We argue that the locality and symmetry of QAOA severely limits its performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose a non-local version of QAOA, and give numerical evidence that it significantly outperforms standard QAOA for frustrated Ising models on random 3-regular graphs.
description: 16 pages
Additional file 10 of Consensus on pre-operative total knee replacement education and prehabilitation recommendations: a UK-based modified Delphi study
Creators: name: Anderson, Anna M.
name: Comer, Christine
name: Smith, Toby O.
name: Drew, Benjamin T.
name: Pandit, Hemant
name: Antcliff, Deborah
name: Redmond, Anthony C.
name: McHugh, Gretl A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 10: Prioritised list of recommendations. Prioritised list of recommendations developed from the Round 3 results (Supplementary Tables 21–25).
Building a 21st Century Rural Workforce
Creators: name: Shields, Martin
name: Snyder, Anastasia
name: Shields, Martin
name: Snyder, Anastasia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: It is no secret that much of rural America is struggling economically. Despite similar employment growth rates, nonmetropolitan areas tend to have relatively higher unemployment and underemployment rates and slower population growth rates than their metropolitan counterparts.1 Additionally, over the past 15 years, evidence from several states suggests that nonmetropolitan job losses have been in relatively high paying sectors, whereas growing sectors in the rural economy tend to pay relatively low-wages (Shields and Vivanco 2003). One important consequence of this dynamic is an increase in the disparity between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan household incomes. For example, Bureau of Economic Analysis data show that over the period 1969-2002, the average state metropolitan nominal per capita income increased by 97.5 percent (to $31,264) whereas the average nonmetropolitan state per capita income increased by only 91.5 percent (to $24,635). The upshot? Many parts of rural America have lower incomes and are falling further behind.
Metzgeria procera Mitt.
Creators: name: Schäfer-Verwimp, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Metzgeriales
Metzgeriaceae
Metzgeria
Metzgeria procera

description: Metzgeria procera Mitt.
 Chiriqui: Loc. 26, epipyhtic, 34581.
Widespread and rather common in the Neotropics, from Panama reported from Chriqui, Coclé, Panamá and Veraguas (Dauphin et al. 2006; Costa 2008).
description: Published as part of Schäfer-Verwimp, A., 2014, Towards a more complete knowledge of the liverwort flora of Panama, pp. 201-234 in Phytotaxa 172 (3) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.172.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5142583
Old problems and new dilemmas: the conundrum of environmental management reform in China
Creators: name: Wen, Bo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Underpinning China’s severe and continuing environmental degradation is a stubborn gap between environmental regulation and regulatory enforcement at the local level. In the past, scholars have sought explanations for the causes of this implementation gap by interviewing frontline environmental officials. Due to the fact that the self-perception data used in most of those existing studies were gathered prior to 2012, the possible factors contributing to the compromised effectiveness of local environmental enforcement from 2012 onward remain largely unknown. This empirical weakness should not be overlooked, as the prevailing institutions governing China’s local environmental management practices have been experiencing many frame-breaking transformations since 2012. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with leaders of environmental law enforcement teams in all administrative districts of Guangzhou in 2017, this paper not only summarizes pervasive elements which negatively impact the current effectiveness of environmental regulatory efforts, but also provides qualitative evidence and theoretical accounts for three enforcement dilemmas stemming from reform measures taken by the central government.
Parity violating spin-two gauge theories
Creators: name: Anco, Stephen C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear covariant parity-violating deformations of free spin-two gauge theory are studied in n>2 spacetime dimensions, using a linearized frame and spin-connection formalism, for a set of massless spin-two fields. It is shown that the only such deformations yielding field equations with a second order quasilinear form are the novel algebra-valued types in n=3 and n=5 dimensions already found in some recent related work concentrating on lowest order deformations. The complete form of the deformation to all orders in n=5 dimensions is worked out here and some features of the resulting new algebra-valued spin-two gauge theory are discussed. In particular, the internal algebra underlying this theory on 5-dimensional Minkowski space is shown to cause the energy for the spin-two fields to be of indefinite sign. Finally, a Kaluza-Klein reduction to n=4 dimensions is derived, giving a parity-violating nonlinear gauge theory of a coupled set of spin-two, spin-one, and spin-zero massless fields.
description: 17 pages
Decentralized Automotive Radar Spectrum Allocation to Avoid Mutual Interference Using Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Pengfei
name: Liu, Yimin
name: Huang, Tianyao
name: Lu, Yuxiang
name: Wang, Xiqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Nowadays, mutual interference among automotive radars has become a problem of wide concern. In this paper, a decentralized spectrum allocation approach is presented to avoid mutual interference among automotive radars. Although decentralized spectrum allocation has been extensively studied in cognitive radio sensor networks, two challenges are observed for automotive sensors using radar. First, the allocation approach should be dynamic as all radars are mounted on moving vehicles. Second, each radar does not communicate with the others so it has quite limited information. A machine learning technique, reinforcement learning, is utilized because it can learn a decision making policy in an unknown dynamic environment. As a single radar observation is incomplete, a long short-term memory recurrent network is used to aggregate radar observations through time so that each radar can learn to choose a frequency subband by combining both the present and past observations. Simulation experiments are conducted to compare the proposed approach with other common spectrum allocation methods such as the random and myopic policy, indicating that our approach outperforms the others.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1904.10739
Rural Economic Development Prospects in a High Energy Cost Environment
Creators: name: Partridge, Mark D.
name: Partridge, Mark D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Rural America is a diverse landscape ranging from rapidly growing amenity rich communities to struggling resource-based towns and villages. A key feature is that rural population growth quickly tails off for rural communities more distant from urban centers. A long period of higher energy prices will put particular pressures on exurban and more remote rural communities that rely on urban commuting. The adverse effects will also be felt in resource-based communities. The combination of urban-centered rural growth and higher energy costs suggests the following: • More regional planning mechanisms are needed to ensure rural areas participate in urban growth; • The adverse effects of high energy costs in remote rural communities will need special policy supports including infrastructure investments and planning for (remote) rural to urban in-migration; • Higher energy costs and mortgage rates will put pressures on exurban property values, leading to local property tax shortfalls that may force state intervention. Because past trends are likely unsustainable, future infrastructure planning should be based on realistic expectations of exurban growth; • Higher energy costs will likely place strains on overcommitted exurban households, requiring workplace supports to ensure their financial viability.
Exploring the sensitivity of current and future experiments to $θ_{\odot}$
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit
name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Goswami, Srubabati
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: However the allowed range of $θ_{\odot}$ ($θ_{12}$) did not change much with the inclusion of the KamLAND results. In this paper we probe if future data from KamLAND can increase the accuracy of the allowed range in $θ_{\odot}$ and conclude that even after 3 kton-year of statistics and most optimistic error estimates, KamLAND {\it may} find it hard to significantly improve the bounds on the mixing angle obtained from the solar neutrino data. We discuss the $θ_{12}$ sensitivity of the survival probabilities in matter (vacuum) as is relevant for the solar (KamLAND) experiments. We find that the presence of matter effects in the survival probabilities for $^8B$ neutrinos give the solar neutrino experiments SK and SNO an edge over KamLAND, as far as $θ_{12}$ sensitivity is concerned, particularly near maximal mixing. Among solar neutrino experiments we identify SNO as the most promising candidate for constraining $θ_{12}$ and make a projected sensitivity test for the mixing angle by reducing the error in the neutral current measurement at SNO. Finally we argue that the most accurate bounds on $θ_{12}$ can be achieved in a reactor experiment, if the corresponding baseline and energy can be tuned to a minimum in the survival probability. We propose a new reactor experiment which can give the value of $\tan^2θ_{12}$ to within 14%. We also discuss the future Borexino and LowNu experiments.
description: Treatment of KamLAND systematics includes the most optimistic estimates. Final conclusion unchanged. Version to appear in PRD
Additional file 1 of Consensus on pre-operative total knee replacement education and prehabilitation recommendations: a UK-based modified Delphi study
Creators: name: Anderson, Anna M.
name: Comer, Christine
name: Smith, Toby O.
name: Drew, Benjamin T.
name: Pandit, Hemant
name: Antcliff, Deborah
name: Redmond, Anthony C.
name: McHugh, Gretl A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Sampling strategy. Sampling strategy used to select panellists for inclusion in the study (Supplementary Table 1).
Rural Poverty: Why Should States Care and What Can State Policy Do?
Creators: name: Weber, Bruce A.
name: Weber, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Productivity Analysis
Public Economics

description: Poverty is not evenly distributed across the American landscape. At the county level of aggregation, poverty is overwhelmingly a rural problem, with the most remote rural places at the greatest disadvantage. 1 Although research has shown that “place matters” in poverty outcomes and policy impacts, most antipoverty policy in the U.S. is essentially place-blind, not considering how differences among places in economic or social conditions might affect policy outcomes. This paper makes the case that state policy should give renewed attention to locality-based job creation and community capacity building, while maintaining and expanding policy innovations that make work pay, provide work supports and build worker productivity.
Mitigating Impacts of Big Box Retail on Local Communities
Creators: name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Clark, Jill
name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Clark, Jill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Large discount retail stores (or “big box” stores) generate both costs and benefits to local communities that are unevenly distributed across local employees, shoppers, other businesses and government. While these impacts affect communities across the urbanrural spectrum, the hardest hit communities are often rural towns that struggle to retain a mainstreet retail base. States can mitigate many of the negative impacts on local communities by implementing sound planning, zoning and design standards that strengthen local priorities and provide a means for assessing the infrastructure, environmental and fiscal impacts of large retail development.
Omphalanthus filiformis Nees
Creators: name: Schäfer-Verwimp, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Porellales
Lejeuneaceae
Omphalanthus
Omphalanthus filiformis

description: Omphalanthus filiformis (Sw.) Nees
 Chiriqui: Loc. 18, epiphytic, 30957. * Coclé: Loc. 6, epiphyllous, 34263/ F; 8, on fence post, 34724.
Common neotropical species, so far reported from the Chiriqui province of Panama.
description: Published as part of Schäfer-Verwimp, A., 2014, Towards a more complete knowledge of the liverwort flora of Panama, pp. 201-234 in Phytotaxa 172 (3) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.172.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5142583
State-level Rural Health Policy
Creators: name: McNamara, Paul E.
name: McNamara, Paul E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: Most discussions of rural health policy overlook the key role that states play in crafting and delivering programs that directly affect the access, cost, or quality of health services to rural residents. However, policies such as regulations embodied in medical practice acts, education programs, and funding for local public health programs are the subject of debate in state capitals. Moreover, the current climate of devolution and block grants serves to increase the state government role in shaping the effectiveness of rural health programs. Despite the lack of discussion of the state role by rural health researchers, state governments play a vital role in rural health. This paper provides statelevel policy makers with an overview of the key issues in rural health and principles for developing policies and programs in this area. Furthermore, this paper argues that states should adopt a “rural lens” in health policy formulation. That is, states should explicitly account for the differences in medical geography of their rural areas when crafting and implementing health policy. Additionally, this paper suggests scrutiny of current rural health policies so that significant rural people (the intended beneficiaries) do not lose benefits from the policies through rent-seeking behaviors of powerful interests in the health care arena on the provider side (physicians, hospitals, medical schools).
Divinylglycol, a Glycerol-Based Monomer: Valorization, Properties, and Applications
Creators: name: Bonnot, Lea
name: Len, Christophe
name: Grau, Etienne
name: Cramail, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the development of bio-refineries, glycerol and its derivatives are co-products of the oleochemistry for which new valorization routes must be found. In this study, the polymerizability of divinylglycol (DVG), a symmetrical C-6 glycerol derivative which bears a vicinal diol and two vinyl functions was studied. The reactivity of the hydroxyl and vinyl functions of DVG through polycondensation and polyaddition reactions was investigated. In a first step, the synthesis of polyesters was carried out by reaction of DVG with various biosourced diesters. In a second route, DVG was polymerized through its vinyl functions by ADMET and thiol-ene addition. Finally, three-dimensional epoxy-amine networks were prepared from a series of diamines and bis-epoxidized DVG, the latter being prepared by oxidation of the DVG double bonds. These different polymerization reactions showed that DVG double bonds were more reactive than the alcohol ones and that a panel of original polymers could be obtained from this bio-sourced synthon.
Roles for State Government in International Trade
Creators: name: Winter-Nelson, Alex
name: Winter-Nelson, Alex
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Foreign markets can provide new economic opportunities for agricultural producers. However, the costs of accessing those markets are beyond the capacity of many independent agents, while the benefits are probably too narrow to suggest a federal role. Because of environmental and historical differences, states have particular interests in specific commodities (e.g., Washington’s apples, Florida’s oranges, and Wisconsin’s cheese). Thus, when independent agents lack capacity due to their small scale, it falls to the state to provide market research, technical support, and promotional activities to establish its producers in a foreign market. While the costs of such services are probably not warranted from the perspective of a single producer, they may be negligible compared to the long term gains to that state economy from dynamic trade relations.
Semi-quantitative risk assessment of Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) harvesting bans due to harmful algal bloom (HAB) incidents in Greece
Creators: name: Theodorou, John A.
name: Moutopoulos, Dimitrios K.
name: Tzovenis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The risk ranking of the severity and the consequences of site closures due to Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) incidents was estimated through the development of a numerical risk matrix for the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L. commercial exploitation, in Greece. Results showed that site closures due to HABs that lasted more than 4 to 6 weeks during the harvest season (spring to late summer) could be catastrophic.
Small-world communication of residues and significance for protein dynamics
Creators: name: Atilgan, Ali Rana
name: Akan, Pelin
name: Baysal, Canan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It is not merely the position of residues that are of utmost importance in protein function and stability, but the interactions between them. We illustrate, by using a network construction on a set of 595 non-homologous proteins, that regular packing is preserved in short-range interactions, but short average path lengths are achieved through some long-range contacts. Thus, lying between the two extremes of regularity and randomness, residues in folded proteins are distributed according to a "small-world" topology. Using this topology, we show that the core residues have the same local packing arrangements irrespective of protein size. Furthermore, we find that the average shortest path lengths are highly correlated with residue fluctuations, providing a link between the spatial arrangement of the residues and protein dynamics.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Biophys. J
Front Matter and "The Scope and Sequence of Maize Market Reform in Zimbabwe"
Creators: name: Masters, William A.
name: Pearson, Scott R.
name: Masters, William A.
name: Pearson, Scott R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Cover material, Table of contents, In memoriam article for William O. Jones, William A. Masters' Article