cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effect of rare regions on a disordered itinerant quantum antiferromagnet with cubic anisotropy
Creators: name: Narayanan, Rajesh
name: Vojta, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum phase transition of an itinerant antiferromagnet with cubic anisotropy in the presence of quenched disorder, paying particular attention to the locally ordered spatial regions that form in the Griffiths region. We derive an effective action where these rare regions are described in terms of static annealed disorder. A one loop renormalization group analysis of the effective action shows that for order parameter dimensions $p<4$ the rare regions destroy the conventional critical behavior. For order parameter dimensions $p>4$ the critical behavior is not influenced by the rare regions, it is described by the conventional dirty cubic fixed point. We also discuss the influence of the rare regions on the fluctuation-driven first-order transition in this system.
description: 6 pages RevTeX
Additional file 3 of HOXC6 impacts epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the immune microenvironment through gene transcription in gliomas
Creators: name: Huang, Hui
name: Huo, Zhengyuan
name: Jiao, Jiantong
name: Ji, Wei
name: Huang, Jin
name: Bian, Zheng
name: Xu, Bin
name: Shao, Junfei
name: Sun, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Table S2 The detailed correlations of HOXC6 expression levels with the mentioned infiltrating immune cell features.
Table S1
Creators: name: Sarrigeorgiou, Ioannis
name: Rouka, Erasmia C.
name: Kotsiou, Ourania
name: Perlepe, Garyfallia
name: Gerovasileiou, Efrosini
name: Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos
name: Lymberi, Peggy
name: Zarogiannis, Sotirios
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320899
subject: Medical physiology not elsewhere classified

description: Natural antibodies targeting LPS in pleural effusions of various etiologies.
Planck's dusty GEMS. V. Molecular wind and clump stability in a strongly lensed star-forming galaxy at z=2.2
Creators: name: Canameras, R.
name: Nesvadba, N. P. H.
name: Limousin, M.
name: Dole, H.
name: Kneissl, R.
name: Koenig, S.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Petitpas, G.
name: Scott, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a molecular wind signature from a massive intensely star-forming clump of a few $10^9$ Msun, in the strongly gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy "the Emerald" (PLCK_G165.7+49.0) at z=2.236. The Emerald is amongst the brightest high-redshift galaxies on the submillimeter sky, and was initially discovered with the Planck satellite. The system contains two magnificient structures with projected lengths of 28.5" and 21" formed by multiple, near-infrared arcs, falling behind a massive galaxy cluster at z=0.35, as well as an adjacent filament that has so far escaped discovery in other wavebands. We used HST/WFC3 and CFHT optical and near-infrared imaging together with IRAM and SMA interferometry of the CO(4-3) line and 850 $μ$m dust emission to characterize the foreground lensing mass distribution, construct a lens model with Lenstool, and calculate gravitational magnification factors between 20 and 50 in most of the source. The majority of the star formation takes place within two massive star-forming clumps which are marginally gravitationally bound and embedded in a $9 \times 10^{10}$ Msun, fragmented disk with 20% gas fraction. One of the clumps shows a pronounced blue wing in the CO(4-3) line profile, which we interpret as a wind signature. The mass outflow rates are high enough for us to suspect that the clump might become unbound within a few tens of Myr, unless the outflowing gas can be replenished by gas accretion from the surrounding disk. The velocity offset of -200 km s$^{-1}$ is above the escape velocity of the clump, but not that of the galaxy overall, suggesting that much of this material might ultimately rain back onto the galaxy and contribute to fueling subsequent star formation.
description: 24 pages, 13 Figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Comment on ``Roughening Transition of Interfaces in Disordered Media''
Creators: name: Hazareesing, Anusha
name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emig and Nattermann (Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1469 (1998)) have recently investigated the competition between lattice pinning and impurity pinning using a Renormalisation Group (RG) approach. For elastic objects of internal dimensions $2 < D < 4$, they find, at zero temperature, an interesting second order phase transition between a flat phase for small disorder and a rough phase for large disorder. These results contrast with those obtained using the replica variational approach for the same problem, where a first order transition between flat and rough phases was predicted. In this comment, we show that these results can be reconciled by analysing the RG flow for an arbitrary dimension $N$ for the displacement field.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Enhancing Visibility in Nighttime Haze Images Using Guided APSF and Gradient Adaptive Convolution
Creators: name: Jin, Yeying
name: Lin, Beibei
name: Yan, Wending
name: Yuan, Yuan
name: Ye, Wei
name: Tan, Robby T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visibility in hazy nighttime scenes is frequently reduced by multiple factors, including low light, intense glow, light scattering, and the presence of multicolored light sources. Existing nighttime dehazing methods often struggle with handling glow or low-light conditions, resulting in either excessively dark visuals or unsuppressed glow outputs. In this paper, we enhance the visibility from a single nighttime haze image by suppressing glow and enhancing low-light regions. To handle glow effects, our framework learns from the rendered glow pairs. Specifically, a light source aware network is proposed to detect light sources of night images, followed by the APSF (Atmospheric Point Spread Function)-guided glow rendering. Our framework is then trained on the rendered images, resulting in glow suppression. Moreover, we utilize gradient-adaptive convolution, to capture edges and textures in hazy scenes. By leveraging extracted edges and textures, we enhance the contrast of the scene without losing important structural details. To boost low-light intensity, our network learns an attention map, then adjusted by gamma correction. This attention has high values on low-light regions and low values on haze and glow regions. Extensive evaluation on real nighttime haze images, demonstrates the effectiveness of our method. Our experiments demonstrate that our method achieves a PSNR of 30.38dB, outperforming state-of-the-art methods by 13% on GTA5 nighttime haze dataset. Our data and code is available at https://github.com/jinyeying/nighttime_dehaze.
description: Accepted to ACM'MM2023, https://github.com/jinyeying/nighttime_dehaze
Global Decay Chain Vertex Fitting at B-Factories
Creators: name: Krohn, J. -F.
name: Urquijo, P.
name: Abudinén, F.
name: Cunliffe, S.
name: Ferber, T.
name: Gelb, M.
name: Gemmler, J.
name: Goldenzweig, P.
name: Keck, T.
name: Komarov, I.
name: Kuhr, T.
name: Ligioi, L.
name: Lubej, M.
name: Meier, F.
name: Metzner, F.
name: Pulvermacher, C.
name: Ritter, M.
name: Tamponi, U.
name: Tenchini, F.
name: Zupanc, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a particle vertex fitting method designed for B factories. The presented method uses a Kalman Filter to solve a least squares estimate to globally fit decay chains, as opposed to traditional methods that fit each vertex at a time. It allows for the extraction of particle momenta, energies, vertex positions and flight lengths, as well as the uncertainty estimates of these quantities. Furthermore, it allows for the precise extraction of vertex parameters in complex decay chains containing neutral final state particles, such as $γ$ or $K^0_L$ , which cannot properly be tracked due to limited spatial resolution of longitudinally segmented single-layer crystal calorimeters like the Belle II ECL. The presented technique can be used to suppress combinatorial background and improve resolutions on measured parameters. We present studies using Monte Carlo simulations of collisions in the Belle II experiment, where modes with neutrals are crucial to the physics analysis program.
Slow Coarsening in a Class of Driven Systems
Creators: name: Kafri, Y.
name: Biron, D.
name: Evans, M. R.
name: Mukamel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coarsening process in a class of driven systems is studied. These systems have previously been shown to exhibit phase separation and slow coarsening in one dimension. We consider generalizations of this class of models to higher dimensions. In particular we study a system of three types of particles that diffuse under local conserving dynamics in two dimensions. Arguments and numerical studies are presented indicating that the coarsening process in any number of dimensions is logarithmically slow in time. A key feature of this behavior is that the interfaces separating the various growing domains are smooth (well approximated by a Fermi function). This implies that the coarsening mechanism in one dimension is readily extendible to higher dimensions.
description: submitted to EPJB, 13 pages
Bose-Einstein condensation in arbitrarily shaped cavities
Creators: name: Kirsten, Klaus
name: Toms, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal non-relativistic Bose gas in an arbitrarily shaped cavity. The influence of the finite extension of the cavity on all thermodynamical quantities, especially on the critical temperature of the system, is considered. We use two main methods which are shown to be equivalent. The first deals with the partition function as a sum over energy levels and uses a Mellin-Barnes integral representation to extract an asymptotic formula. The second method converts the sum over the energy levels to an integral with a suitable density of states factor obtained from spectral analysis. The application to some simple cavities is discussed.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Physical Review E
Bose-Einstein condensation in a stiff TOP trap with adjustable geometry
Creators: name: Hodby, E.
name: Hechenblaikner, G.
name: Marago', O. M.
name: Arlt, J.
name: Hopkins, S.
name: Foot, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the realisation of a stiff magnetic trap with independently adjustable trap frequencies, $ω_z$ and $ω_r$, in the axial and radial directions respectively. This has been achieved by applying an axial modulation to a Time-averaged Orbiting Potential (TOP) trap. The frequency ratio of the trap, $ω_z / ω_r$, can be decreased continuously from the original TOP trap value of 2.83 down to 1.6. We have transferred a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) into this trap and obtained very good agreement between its observed anisotropic expansion and the hydrodynamic predictions. Our method can be extended to obtain a spherical trapping potential, which has a geometry of particular theoretical interest.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Reduction of light output of plastic scintillator tiles during irradiation at cold temperatures and in low-oxygen environments
Creators: name: Kronheim, B.
name: Belloni, A.
name: Edberg, T. K.
name: Eno, S. C.
name: Howe, C.
name: Palmer, C.
name: Papageorgakis, C.
name: Paranjpe, M.
name: Sriram, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of the silicon photomultiplier has allowed the development of highly segmented calorimeters using plastic scintillator as the active media, with photodetectors embedded in the calorimeter, in dimples in the plastic. To reduce the photodetector's dark current and radiation damage, the high granularity calorimeter designed for the high luminosity upgrade of the CMS detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider will be operated at a temperature of about -30$^\circ$C. Due to flammability considerations, a low oxygen environment is being considered. However, the radiation damage to the plastic scintillator during irradiation in this operating environment needs to be considered. In this paper, we present measurements of the relative decrease of light output during irradiation of small plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers. The irradiations were performed using a $^{60}\mathrm{Co}$ source both to produce the tiles' light and as a source of ionizing irradiation at dose rates of 0.3, 1.3, and $1.6\,$Gy/hr, temperatures of -30, -15, -5, and 0$^\circ$C, and with several different oxygen concentrations in the surrounding atmosphere. The effect of the material used to wrap the tile was also studied. Substantial temporary damage, which annealed when the sample was warmed, was seen during the low-temperature irradiations, regardless of the oxygen concentration and wrapping material. The relative light loss was largest with 3M$^{\tiny \textrm{TM}}$ Enhanced Specular Reflector Film wrapping and smallest with no wrapping, although due to the substantially higher light yield with wrapping, the final light output is largest with wrapping. The light loss was less at warmer temperatures. Damage with $3\%$ oxygen was similar to that in standard atmosphere. Evidence of a plateau in the radical density was seen for the 0$^\circ$C data.
MOESM1 of Analysis of a large dataset reveals haplotypes carrying putatively recessive lethal and semi-lethal alleles with pleiotropic effects on economically important traits in beef cattle
Creators: name: Jenko, Janez
name: McClure, Matthew
name: Matthews, Daragh
name: McClure, Jennifer
name: Johnsson, Martin
name: Gorjanc, Gregor
name: Hickey, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Genomic regions with at least nine significant haplotypes for absence or reduced level of homozygosity at p
MOESM1 of Analysis of convective and diffusive transport in the brain interstitium
Creators: name: Ray, Lori
name: Iliff, Jeffrey
name: Heys, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary results and discussion, including 1) simulations compared to RTI experimental results for asleep and awake states and 2) sensitivity of range to individual source-point location. Figure S1: TMA concentration curves for asleep and awake RTI experiments, comparing simulations to published experimental data. Figure S2: Dependence of TMA concentration-curve range on individual source-point location.
title: Differences in Learning Across the Lifespan Emerge via Resource-Rational Computations
Creators: name: Bruckner, Rasmus
name: Nassar, Matthew R.
name: Li, Shu-Chen
name: Eppinger, Ben
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: learning
subject: decision making
subject: uncertainty
subject: development
subject: aging
classificationCode: 150
subject: Psychologie

description: Learning accurate beliefs about the world is computationally demanding but critical for adaptive behavior across the lifespan. Here, we build on an established framework formalizing learning as predictive inference and examine the possibility that age differences in learning emerge from efficient computations that consider available cognitive resources differing across the lifespan. In our resource-rational model, beliefs are updated through a sampling process that stops after reaching a criterion level of accuracy. The sampling process navigates a trade-off between belief accuracy and computational cost, with more samples favoring belief accuracy and fewer samples minimizing costs. When cognitive resources are limited or costly, a maximization of the accuracy–cost ratio requires a more frugal sampling policy, which leads to systematically biased beliefs. Data from two lifespan studies (N = 129 and N = 90) and one study in younger adults (N = 94) show that children and older adults display biases characteristic of a more frugal sampling policy. This is reflected in (a) more frequent perseveration when participants are required to update from previous beliefs and (b) a stronger anchoring bias when updating beliefs from an externally generated value. These results are qualitatively consistent with simulated predictions of our resource-rational model, corroborating the assumption that the identified biases originate from sampling. Our model and results provide a unifying perspective on perseverative and anchoring biases, show that they can jointly emerge from efficient belief-updating computations, and suggest that resource-rational adjustments of sampling computations can explain age-related changes in adaptive learning.
Learning to Selectively Transfer: Reinforced Transfer Learning for Deep Text Matching
Creators: name: Qu, Chen
name: Ji, Feng
name: Qiu, Minghui
name: Yang, Liu
name: Min, Zhiyu
name: Chen, Haiqing
name: Huang, Jun
name: Croft, W. Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep text matching approaches have been widely studied for many applications including question answering and information retrieval systems. To deal with a domain that has insufficient labeled data, these approaches can be used in a Transfer Learning (TL) setting to leverage labeled data from a resource-rich source domain. To achieve better performance, source domain data selection is essential in this process to prevent the "negative transfer" problem. However, the emerging deep transfer models do not fit well with most existing data selection methods, because the data selection policy and the transfer learning model are not jointly trained, leading to sub-optimal training efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforced data selector to select high-quality source domain data to help the TL model. Specifically, the data selector "acts" on the source domain data to find a subset for optimization of the TL model, and the performance of the TL model can provide "rewards" in turn to update the selector. We build the reinforced data selector based on the actor-critic framework and integrate it to a DNN based transfer learning model, resulting in a Reinforced Transfer Learning (RTL) method. We perform a thorough experimental evaluation on two major tasks for text matching, namely, paraphrase identification and natural language inference. Experimental results show the proposed RTL can significantly improve the performance of the TL model. We further investigate different settings of states, rewards, and policy optimization methods to examine the robustness of our method. Last, we conduct a case study on the selected data and find our method is able to select source domain data whose Wasserstein distance is close to the target domain data. This is reasonable and intuitive as such source domain data can provide more transferability power to the model.
description: Accepted to WSDM 2019
Interlayer coupling in ferromagnetic semiconductor superlattices
Creators: name: Jungwirth, T.
name: Atkinson, W. A.
name: Lee, B. H.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a mean-field theory of carrier-induced ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductors. Our approach represents an improvement over standard RKKY model allowing spatial inhomogeneity of the system, free-carrier spin polarization, finite temperature, and free-carrier exchange and correlation to be accounted for self-consistently. As an example, we calculate the electronic structure of a Mn$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$As/GaAs superlattice with alternating ferromagnetic and paramagnetic layers and demonstrate the possibility of semiconductor magnetoresistance systems with designed properties.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Leveraging Massive Opportunistically Collected Datasets to Study Species Communities in Space and Time
Creators: name: Fajgenblat, Maxime
name: Wijns, Robby
name: Knijf, Geert De
name: Stoks, Robby
name: Lemmens, Pieter
name: Herremans, Marc
name: Vanormelingen, Pieter
name: Neyens, Thomas
name: Meester, Luc De
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Bayesian hierarchical modelling
subject: citizen science data
subject: joint species distribution modelling
subject: metacommunity ecology
subject: occupancy modelling
classificationCode: 570
subject: Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Online portals have facilitated collecting extensive biodiversity data by naturalists, offering unprecedented coverage and resolution in space and time. Despite being the most widely available class of biodiversity data, opportunistically collected records have remained largely inaccessible to community ecologists since the imperfect and highly heterogeneous detection process can severely bias inference. We present a novel statistical approach that leverages these datasets by embedding a spatiotemporal joint species distribution model within a flexible site-occupancy framework. Our model addresses variable detection probabilities across visits and species by modelling phenological patterns and by extending the use of latent variables to characterise observer-specific detection and reporting behaviour. We apply our model to an opportunistically collected dataset on lentic odonates, encompassing over 100,000 waterbody visits in Flanders (N-Belgium), to show that the model provides insights into biological communities at high resolution, including phenology, interannual trends, environmental associations and spatiotemporal co-distributional patterns in community composition.
An Improved Bound on Accelerated Light Dark Matter
Creators: name: Su, Liangliang
name: Wu, Lei
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light (sub-GeV) dark matter has gained increasing interest in terms of direct detection. Accelerated dark matter is a promising candidate that can generate detectable nuclear recoil energy within the sub-GeV range. Because of the large kinetic energy, its interactions with the nucleus are predominantly governed by inelastic scattering, including quasi-elastic and deep inelastic scattering. In this work, we calculated the inelastic effects in dark matter--Earth scattering mediated by a vector particle. Our analysis revealed that the impact of inelastic scattering relies on the mediator mass and the kinetic energy spectrum of dark matter. The results exhibited considerable disparity: the upper bounds of the exclusion limit for the spin-independent cross-section between accelerated dark matter and nuclei via a heavy mediator differ by several tens of times when inelastic scattering is considered.
description: 14 pages(double column), 9 figures, 1 table, updated to match the published version
Additional file 4 of HOXC6 impacts epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the immune microenvironment through gene transcription in gliomas
Creators: name: Huang, Hui
name: Huo, Zhengyuan
name: Jiao, Jiantong
name: Ji, Wei
name: Huang, Jin
name: Bian, Zheng
name: Xu, Bin
name: Shao, Junfei
name: Sun, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 4: Table S3 The detailed correlations of HOXC6 expression levels with the mentioned immune checkpoints.
Incremental Deep Learning for Robust Object Detection in Unknown Cluttered Environments
Creators: name: Shin, Dong Kyun
name: Ahmed, Minhaz Uddin
name: Rhee, Phill Kyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection in streaming images is a major step in different detection-based applications, such as object tracking, action recognition, robot navigation, and visual surveillance applications. In mostcases, image quality is noisy and biased, and as a result, the data distributions are disturbed and imbalanced. Most object detection approaches, such as the faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster RCNN), Single Shot Multibox Detector with 300x300 inputs (SSD300), and You Only Look Once version 2 (YOLOv2), rely on simple sampling without considering distortions and noise under real-world changing environments, despite poor object labeling. In this paper, we propose an Incremental active semi-supervised learning (IASSL) technology for unseen object detection. It combines batch-based active learning (AL) and bin-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) to leverage the strong points of AL's exploration and SSL's exploitation capabilities. A collaborative sampling method is also adopted to measure the uncertainty and diversity of AL and the confidence in SSL. Batch-based AL allows us to select more informative, confident, and representative samples with low cost. Bin-based SSL divides streaming image samples into several bins, and each bin repeatedly transfers the discriminative knowledge of convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning to the next bin until the performance criterion is reached. IASSL can overcome noisy and biased labels in unknown, cluttered data distributions. We obtain superior performance, compared to state-of-the-art technologies such as Faster RCNN, SSD300, and YOLOv2.
description: 14 pages, 17 figures
Temperature dependence of the Casimir force between real metals: problems and approach to their resolution
Creators: name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Casimir force acting between real metals at nonzero temperature. It is shown that the zero-frequency term of Lifshitz formula has interpretation problem in the case of real metal described by Drude model. It happens because the scattering theory underlying Lifshitz formula is not well formulated when the dielectric permittivity takes account of dissipation. To give the zeroth term of Lifshitz formula the definite meaning different prescriptions were used recently by different authors with diversed results. These results are shown to be improper and in disagreement with experiment and the general physical requirements. We propose the new prescription which is a generalization of Schwinger, DeRaad and Milton recipe formulated earlier for ideal metals. On this base the detailed numerical and analytical computations of the temperature Casimir force are performed in configuration of two plane plates and a spherical lens (sphere) above a plate. The corrections due to nonzero temperature and finite conductivity found in the paper are in agreement with the limiting case of perfect metal and fit all experimental and theoretical requirements. Among other facts, the previous results obtained in frames of plasma model are confirmed. It appears they are the limiting case of Drude model computations when the relaxation parameter goes to zero. The comparison with the Casimir force acting between dielectric test bodies is made.
description: 44 pages, 8 figures
Getting the Ball Rolling: Learning a Dexterous Policy for a Biomimetic Tendon-Driven Hand with Rolling Contact Joints
Creators: name: Toshimitsu, Yasunori
name: Forrai, Benedek
name: Cangan, Barnabas Gavin
name: Steger, Ulrich
name: Knecht, Manuel
name: Weirich, Stefan
name: Katzschmann, Robert K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biomimetic, dexterous robotic hands have the potential to replicate much of the tasks that a human can do, and to achieve status as a general manipulation platform. Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks have achieved remarkable performance in quadrupedal locomotion and dexterous manipulation tasks. Combined with GPU-based highly parallelized simulations capable of simulating thousands of robots in parallel, RL-based controllers have become more scalable and approachable. However, in order to bring RL-trained policies to the real world, we require training frameworks that output policies that can work with physical actuators and sensors as well as a hardware platform that can be manufactured with accessible materials yet is robust enough to run interactive policies. This work introduces the biomimetic tendon-driven Faive Hand and its system architecture, which uses tendon-driven rolling contact joints to achieve a 3D printable, robust high-DoF hand design. We model each element of the hand and integrate it into a GPU simulation environment to train a policy with RL, and achieve zero-shot transfer of a dexterous in-hand sphere rotation skill to the physical robot hand.
description: for project website, see https://srl-ethz.github.io/get-ball-rolling/ . for video, see https://youtu.be/YahsMhqNU8o . for code, see https://github.com/srl-ethz/faive_gym_oss . Published to the 2023 IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots
SAPIEN: Affective Virtual Agents Powered by Large Language Models
Creators: name: Hasan, Masum
name: Ozel, Cengiz
name: Potter, Sammy
name: Hoque, Ehsan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this demo paper, we introduce SAPIEN, a platform for high-fidelity virtual agents driven by large language models that can hold open domain conversations with users in 13 different languages, and display emotions through facial expressions and voice. The platform allows users to customize their virtual agent's personality, background, and conversation premise, thus providing a rich, immersive interaction experience. Furthermore, after the virtual meeting, the user can choose to get the conversation analyzed and receive actionable feedback on their communication skills. This paper illustrates an overview of the platform and discusses the various application domains of this technology, ranging from entertainment to mental health, communication training, language learning, education, healthcare, and beyond. Additionally, we consider the ethical implications of such realistic virtual agent representations and the potential challenges in ensuring responsible use.
MOESM11 of Modular co-option of cardiopharyngeal genes during non-embryonic myogenesis
Creators: name: PrĂźnster, Maria
name: Ricci, Lorenzo
name: Brown, Federico
name: Tiozzo, Stefano
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 11. FigureÂ 9: Expression of bHLH-tun in oozooid.
Thermopower of high-T_c cuprates
Creators: name: Choi, Mu-Yong
name: Kim, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the thermopower of La_2CuO_{4+z} and Nd_2CuO_{4-y} which undergo an antiferromagnetic transition near room temperature and Bi_2Sr_{2-x}La_xCuO_{6+z} for which a broad spectrum of doping is possible. The thermopower of La_2CuO_{4+z} and Nd_2CuO_{4-y} is seen to exhibit an anomaly at the Neel temperature, whereas the resistivity is not. The extrapolated zero-temperature intercept of the thermopower, which is known to be positive for hole-doped cuprate superconductors, is found to become negative for Bi_2Sr_{2-x}La_xCuO_{6+z} above some critical doping-level. The data strongly suggest that the thermopower of high-T_c cuprates contains a large amount of extra contribution in addition to the usual diffusion thermopower. We discuss origins of the extra contribution in the thermopower.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figures, RevTeX, to be published in Physical Review B
Misaligned snowplough effect and the electromagnetic counterpart to black hole binary mergers
Creators: name: Pereira, Fabrícia A. C.
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
name: Rodrigues, Irapuan
name: Alves, Márcio E. S.
name: Price, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the accretion rates produced when a circumprimary gas disc is pushed into the primary supermassive black hole (SMBH) by the tidal force of the decaying secondary during a SMBH merger. Using the 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code {\sc phantom}, we extend previous investigations of co-planar discs to the case where the disc and binary orbital planes are misaligned. We consider a geometrically thin disc with inclination angles varying from 1 to 180 degrees and a binary with mass ratio $q$=$10^{-3}$. We find that discs with small inclination angles (< 10 degrees) produce an increase in luminosity exceeding the Eddington rate. By contrast, discs with inclinations between 20 and 30 degrees show a less pronounced rise in the accretion rate, whilst discs inclined by 180 degrees show no peak in the mass accretion rate. While previous analytic work predicted that the effective tidal torque drops with increasing inclination angle, we show that the misaligned snowplough effect remains important even for angles larger than the disc aspect ratio. The rise in the accretion rate produced by discs inclined at small angles to the binary orbit can produce an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational wave signal emitted from final stages of the binary orbital decay.
description: Accepted 2018 December 11. Received 2018 December 4; in original form 2018 September 18
Microscopic Calculation of the Dielectric Susceptibility Tensor for Coulomb Fluids
Creators: name: Šamaj, Ladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a Coulomb fluid confined to a domain $V$, the dielectric susceptibility tensor $χ_V$ depends on the shape of $V$, even in the thermodynamic $V\to\infty$ limit. This paper deals with the classical two-dimensional one-component plasma formulated in an elliptic $V$-domain, equilibrium statistical mechanics is used. For the dimensionless coupling constant $Γ=$ even positive integer, the mapping of the plasma onto a discrete one-dimensional anticommuting-field theory provides a new sum rule. This sum rule confirms the limiting value of $χ_V$ predicted by macroscopic electrostatics and gives the finite-size correction term to $χ_V$.
description: 22 pages
PT symmetric square well
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a PT symmetrically complexified square well, bound states are constructed by the matching technique. Their energies prove real in a domain of weak non-Hermiticity, and continuous in the Hermitian limit. At a sequence of certain strong-Hermiticity thresholds, the lowest two energies merge and disappear.
description: 9 pages, latex, one figure
Combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass from the $H\toγγ$ and $H\to ZZ^{*} \to 4\ell$ decay channels with the ATLAS detector using $\sqrt{s}$ = 7, 8 and 13 TeV $pp$ collision data
Creators: name: The ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson combining the $H\to ZZ^{*} \to 4\ell$ and $H\toγγ$ decay channels is presented. The result is based on 140 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC Run 2 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV combined with the Run 1 ATLAS mass measurement, yielding a Higgs boson mass of 125.11 $\pm$ 0.09 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.06 (syst.) = 125.11 $\pm$ 0.11 GeV. This corresponds to a 0.09 % precision achieved on this fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of particle physics.
description: 28 pages in total, author list starting page 10, 2 figures, 1 table, published in Phys. Rev. Lett. All figures including auxiliary figures will be available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2022-20/
Validation and Reliability Result
Creators: name: Triono, Muhammad Andi Abdillah
name: Ahmad, Selamat Triono
name: Ermiati, Cut
name: Sihombing, Humisar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140207 Financial Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economics
subject: 140209 Industry Economics and Industrial Organisation

description: This is the result from the final modification of the questionnaire which is calculated by Smart PLS 3.0.
U-Spin Sum Rules for CP Asymmetries of Three-Body Charmed Baryon Decays
Creators: name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Schacht, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Triggered by a recent LHCb measurement and prospects for Belle II, we derive U-spin symmetry relations between integrated CP asymmetries of three-body $Λ_c^+$ and $Ξ_c^+$ decays. The sum rules read $A_{CP}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow p K^- K^+) + A_{CP}(Ξ_c^+\rightarrow Σ^+ π^- π^+) = 0$, $A_{CP}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow p π^- π^+) + A_{CP}(Ξ_c^+\rightarrow Σ^+ K^- K^+) = 0$, and $A_{CP}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow Σ^+ π^- K^+) + A_{CP}(Ξ_c^+\rightarrow pK^-π^+) = 0$. No such U-spin sum rule exists between $A_{CP}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow p K^- K^+)$ and $A_{CP}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow p π^- π^+)$. All of these sum rules are associated with a complete interchange of $d$ and $s$ quarks. Furthermore, there are no U-spin CP asymmetry sum rules which hold to first order U-spin breaking.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
title: Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms: exploring the predictive potential of intrapartum hotspots
Creators: name: Blecker, Meike K.
name: Daehn, Daria
name: Engel, Sinha
name: Steudte-Schmiedgen, Susann
name: Garthus-Niegel, Susan
name: Knaevelsrud, Christine
name: Schumacher, Sarah
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress
subject: CB-PTSS
subject: CB-PTSD
subject: intrapartum hotspots
subject: childbirth experience
classificationCode: 150
subject: Psychologie

description: Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (CB-PTSS) affect around 12% of postpartum individuals. While the subjective experience of childbirth is a key predictor of CB-PTSS, the specific defining characteristics of negative birth experiences remain poorly understood. This study aims to refine our understanding of negative birth experiences by investigating intrapartum hotspots, i.e. moments of extreme distress, and their association with CB-PTSS. In a cross-sectional study of N = 1,140 individuals who had given birth eight to ten weeks before, we examined the following: the types of hotspots, differences in hotspot-related distress, interpersonal difficulties during the hotspot, and CB-PTSS between the various types of hotspots and whether hotspot-related distress and interpersonal difficulties independently predicted CB-PTSS. Participants completed several items based on previous qualitative work [Citation1] to assess the worst hotspot, hotspot-related distress, and interpersonal difficulties during the hotspot and the City Birth Trauma Scale to measure CB-PTSS, alongside relevant pregnancy- and birth-related questions. Medical interventions were the most frequently experienced worst hotspot and separation from the child was associated with the highest levels of hotspot-related distress, interpersonal difficulties, and CB-PTSS. Hotspot-related distress and interpersonal difficulties independently predicted CB-PTSS. Examining intrapartum hotspots poses a promising approach to define highly negative birth experiences.
Pearling Instabilities of Membrane Tubes with Anchored Polymers
Creators: name: Tsafrir, Ilan
name: Sagi, Dror
name: Arzi, Tamar
name: Guedeau-Boudeville, Marie-Alice
name: Frette, Vidar
name: Kandel, Daniel
name: Stavans, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the pearling instability induced on hollow tubular lipid vesicles by hydrophilic polymers with hydrophobic side groups along the backbone. The results show that the polymer concentration is coupled to local membrane curvature. The relaxation of a pearled tube is characterized by two different well-separated time scales, indicating two physical mechanisms. We present a model, which explains the observed phenomena and predicts polymer segregation according to local membrane curvature at late stages.
description: 4 pages with 3 postscript figures
Additional file 3: of Randomised clinical trial: effect of low-FODMAP rye bread versus regular rye bread on the intestinal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients: association with individual symptom variation
Creators: name: Laatikainen, Reijo
name: Jalanka, Jonna
name: Loponen, Jussi
name: Sanna-Maria Hongisto
name: Hillilä, Markku
name: Koskenpato, Jari
name: Korpela, Riitta
name: Salonen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S3. a-c) Individual symptoms for which the scores differed significantly (p
Additional file 1 of High risks of HIV transmission for men sex worker — a comparison of profile and risk factors of HIV infection between MSM and MSW in China
Creators: name: Yu, Maohe
name: Song, Desheng
name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Yao, Tingting
name: Chen, Yang
name: Liu, Yuanyuan
name: Peixoto, Elissa
name: Xu, Jie
name: Li, Zhijun
name: Yang, Jie
name: Li, Changping
name: Cui, Zhuang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire for the study. This is the questionnaire for the study which participants and staffs completed.
Converting a triplet Cooper pair supercurrent into a spin-signal
Creators: name: Aunsmo, Sigrid
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity with spin-polarized Cooper pairs is known to emerge by combining conventional spinless superconductors with materials that have spin-dependent interactions, such as magnetism and spin-orbit coupling. This enables a dissipationless and conserved flow of spin. However, actually utilizing the spin-polarization of such supercurrents have proven challenging. Here, we predict an experimental signature of current-carrying triplet Cooper pairs in the form of an induced spin-signal. We show that a supercurrent carried only by triplet Cooper pairs induces a non-local magnetization that is controlled by the polarization direction of the triplet Cooper pairs. This provides a measurement protocol to directly use the spin-polarization of the triplet Cooper pairs in supercurrents to transfer spin information in a dissipationless manner.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures
Physics Potential of the Novel LiquidO Technique
Creators: name: CABRERA SERRA, Anatael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: LiquidO
Neutrino
Detection
ββ

description: First ever presentation of the novel LiquidO detection technique in an international conference. The first studies on the potential for neutrino physics and ββ detection are described with main emphasis to the ββ detection capabilities.
title: PRiorItieS: A study exploring PReferences for treatment, Internalised Stigma & social defeat among individuals in receipt of care for psychosis from mental health services
Creators: name: Thriskou, Foteini
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: treatment preferences, psychosis, psychometrics, feasibility, social defeat, internalised stigma.

description: Background: Research suggests that migrants have reduced access to treatment for psychosis, and more prolonged pathways to care, which could increase their risk for developing psychosis. Factors such as internalised stigma, experiences of social defeat and preference for non-medical treatment could delay help seeking, thereby leading to the development of psychosis. Aims: Our primary aim was to pilot the feasibility of recruiting migrants and non-migrants with psychosis to test a new measure of treatment preferences. We also aimed to explore group differences on experiences of stigma, social defeat and treatment preferences. Methods: Twenty seven individuals in receipt of care for psychosis completed measures of social defeat, internalised stigma and the GlasMPT. Results: Difficulties with recruiting migrants are discussed. Results were also mixed with regards to the tool’s psychometric properties, indicating the need for further refinements and testing. Exploratory analysis suggested that most participants preferred psychosocial interventions for their problems, and greater stigma was associated with greater social defeat. Conclusion: Given the relationship between delays in help-seeking and development of psychosis, there is a need to understand barriers to help-seeking, particularly for those at risk, such as migrants. Future studies should draw on our findings to improve migrant recruitment and develop culturally sensitive measures of treatment preferences.