cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Model-Free versus Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Fixed-Wing UAV Attitude Control Under Varying Wind Conditions
Creators: name: Olivares, David
name: Fournier, Pierre
name: Vasishta, Pavan
name: Marzat, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper evaluates and compares the performance of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning for the attitude control of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles using PID as a reference point. The comparison focuses on their ability to handle varying flight dynamics and wind disturbances in a simulated environment. Our results show that the Temporal Difference Model Predictive Control agent outperforms both the PID controller and other model-free reinforcement learning methods in terms of tracking accuracy and robustness over different reference difficulties, particularly in nonlinear flight regimes. Furthermore, we introduce actuation fluctuation as a key metric to assess energy efficiency and actuator wear, and we test two different approaches from the literature: action variation penalty and conditioning for action policy smoothness. We also evaluate all control methods when subject to stochastic turbulence and gusts separately, so as to measure their effects on tracking performance, observe their limitations and outline their implications on the Markov decision process formalism.
description: Published at ICINCO 2024
Reaction mechanisms in the 6Li+59Co system
Creators: name: Souza, F. A .
name: Beck, C.
name: Carlin, N.
name: Keeley, N.
name: Neto, R. Liguori
name: de Moura, M. M.
name: Munhoz, M. G.
name: Del Santo, M. G.
name: Suaide, A. A. P.
name: Szanto, E. M.
name: de Toledo, A. Szanto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reactions induced by the weakly bound 6Li projectile interacting with the intermediate mass target 59Co were investigated. Light charged particles singles and $α$-$d$ coincidence measurements were performed at the near barrier energies E_lab = 17.4, 21.5, 25.5 and 29.6 MeV. The main contributions of the different competing mechanisms are discussed. A statistical model analysis, Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels calculations and two-body kinematics were used as tools to provide information to disentangle the main components of these mechanisms. A significant contribution of the direct breakup was observed through the difference between the experimental sequential breakup cross section and the CDCC prediction for the non-capture breakup cross section.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
Wilson loops stability in the gauge/string correspondence
Creators: name: Arias, Raul E.
name: Silva, Guillermo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of some classical string worldsheet solutions employed for computing the potential energy between two static fundamental quarks in confining and non-confining gravity duals. We discuss the fixing of the diffeomorphism invariance of the string action, its relation with the fluctuation orientation and the interpretation of the quark mass substraction worldsheet needed for computing the potential energy in smooth (confining) gravity background. We consider various dual gravity backgrounds and show by a numerical analysis the existence of instabilities under linear fluctuations for classical string embedding solutions having positive length function derivative $L'(r_0)>0$. Finally we make a brief discussion of 't Hooft loops in non-conformal backgrounds.
description: 34 pages, 36 figures. Reference added. Final version JHEP accepted
Probing sulfatide-tissue lectin recognition with functionalized glycodendrimersomes
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biochemistry
Biophysics
Supramolecular Chemistry

description: © 2020 The Author(s) The small 3-O-sulfated galactose head group of sulfatides, an abundant glycosphingolipid class, poses the (sphinx-like) riddle on involvement of glycan bridging by tissue lectins (sugar code). First, synthesis of head group derivatives for functionalization of amphiphilic dendrimers is performed. Aggregation of resulting (biomimetic) vesicles, alone or in combination with lactose, demonstrates bridging by a tissue lectin (galectin-4). Physiologically, this can stabilize glycolipid-rich microdomains (rafts) and associate sulfatide-rich regions with specific glycoproteins. Further testing documents importance of heterobivalency and linker length. Structurally, sulfatide recognition by galectin-8 is shown to involve sphingosine's OH group as substitute for the 3′-hydroxyl of glucose of lactose. These discoveries underscore functionality of this small determinant on biomembranes intracellularly and on the cell surface. Moreover, they provide a role model to examine counterreceptor capacity of more complex glycans of glycosphingolipids and to start their bottom-up glycotope surface programming.
Interpretations of ground-state symmetry breaking and strong correlation in wavefunction and density functional theories
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: density functional theory (DFT)
jellium
symmetry breaking

description: Strong correlations within a symmetry-unbroken ground-state wavefunction can show up in approximate density functional theory as symmetry-broken spin densities or total densities, which are sometimes observable. They can arise from soft modes of fluctuations (sometimes collective excitations) such as spin-density or charge-density waves at nonzero wavevector. In this sense, an approximate density functional for exchange and correlation that breaks symmetry can be more revealing (albeit less accurate) than an exact functional that does not. The examples discussed here include the stretched H2 molecule, antiferromagnetic solids, and the static charge-density wave/Wigner crystal phase of a low-density jellium. Time-dependent density functional theory is used to show quantitatively that the static charge-density wave is a soft plasmon. More precisely, the frequency of a related density fluctuation drops to zero, as found from the frequency moments of the spectral function, calculated from a recent constraint-based wavevector- and frequency-dependent jellium exchange-correlation kernel.
Measurements of non local weak values
Creators: name: Brodutch, Aharon
name: Vaidman, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent attempts at measuring non local weak values via local measurements are discussed and shown to be less robust than standard weak measurements. A method for measuring some non local weak values via non local measurements (non local weak measurements) is introduced. The meaning of non local weak values is discussed.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization via Discovery-Driven Data Mining
Creators: name: Chen, Junhan
name: Ikeda, Shin-ichi
name: Negishi, Kazuno
name: Tsubota, Kazuo
name: Kurihara, Toshihide
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Purpose: Myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) is a prevalent cause of vision loss. However, the development of effective therapeutic targets for mCNV has been hindered by the paucity of suitable animal models. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify potential genes and pathways associated with mCNV and to unearth prospective therapeutic targets that can be utilized to devise efficacious treatments. Methods: Text data mining was used to identify genes linked to choroid, neovascularization, and myopia. g: Profiler was utilized to analyze the biological processes of gene ontology and the Reactome pathways. Protein interaction network analysis was performed using strings and visualized in Cytoscape. MCODE and cytoHubba were used for further screening. Results: Discovery-driven text data mining identified 55 potential genes related to choroid, neovascularization, and myopia. Gene enrichment analysis revealed 11 biological processes and seven Reactome pathways. A protein-protein interaction network with 47 nodes was constructed and analyzed using centrality ranking. Key clusters were identified through algorithm tools. Finally, 14 genes (IL6, FGF2, MMP9, IL10, TNF, MMP2, HGF, MMP3, IGF1, CCL2, CTNNB1, BDNF, NGF, and EDN1), in addition to VEGFA, were evaluated as targets with potential as future therapeutics. Conclusions: This study provides new potential therapeutic targets for mCNV, including IL6, FGF2, MMP9, IL10, TNF, MMP2, HGF, MMP3, IGF1, CCL2, CTNNB1, BDNF, NGF, and EDN1, which correspond to seven potential enriched pathways. These findings provide a basis for further research and offer new possibilities for developing therapeutic interventions for this condition.
Manipulating ultracold polar molecules with microwave radiation: the influence of hyperfine structure
Creators: name: Aldegunde, J.
name: Ran, Hong
name: Hutson, Jeremy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the microwave spectra of ultracold KRb alkali metal dimers, including hyperfine interactions and in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. We show that microwave transitions may be used to transfer molecules between different hyperfine states, but only because of the presence of nuclear quadrupole interactions. Hyperfine splittings may also complicate the use of ultracold molecules for quantum computing. The spectrum of molecules oriented in electric fields may be simplified dramatically by applying a simultaneous magnetic field.
Hamilton decompositions of regular tournaments
Creators: name: Kühn, Daniela
name: Osthus, Deryk
name: Treglown, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C20; 05C35; 05C45

description: We show that every sufficiently large regular tournament can almost completely be decomposed into edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. More precisely, for each η>0 every regular tournament G of sufficiently large order n contains at least (1/2-η)n edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. This gives an approximate solution to a conjecture of Kelly from 1968. Our result also extends to almost regular tournaments.
description: 38 pages, 2 figures. Added section sketching how we can extend our main result. To appear in the Proceedings of the LMS
Operational Parameters for Sub-Nano Tesla Field Resolution of PHMR Sensors in Harsh Environments
Creators: name: Jeon, Taehyeong
name: Das, Proloy Taran
name: Kim, Mijin
name: Jeon, Changyeop
name: Lim, Byeonghwa
name: Soldatov, Ivan
name: Kim, CheolGi
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: field detectivity
subject: magnetoresistive sensors
subject: planar-Hall magnetoresistance
subject: sensitivity
subject: 620

description: The resolution of planar-Hall magnetoresistive (PHMR) sensors was investigated in the frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 200 Hz in terms of its sensitivity, average noise level, and detectivity. Analysis of the sensor sensitivity and voltage noise response was performed by varying operational parameters such as sensor geometrical architectures, sensor configurations, sensing currents, and temperature. All the measurements of PHMR sensors were carried out under both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes. In the present study, Barkhausen noise was revealed in 1/f noise component and found less significant in the PHMR sensor configuration. Under measured noise spectral density at optimized conditions, the best magnetic field detectivity was achieved better than 550 pT/√Hz at 100 Hz and close to 1.1 nT/√Hz at 10 Hz for a tri-layer multi-ring PHMR sensor in an unshielded environment. Furthermore, the promising feasibility and possible routes for further improvement of the sensor resolution are discussed.
Variation of fluxes of RR Tel emission lines measured in 2000 with respect to 1996
Creators: name: Kotnik-Karuza, D.
name: Friedjung, M.
name: Exter, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this work is to make available unpublished non-Fe+ emission line fluxes from optical spectra of the symbiotic nova RR Tel which were taken in 2000, and to compare them with fluxes of the same lines from spectra taken in 1996. After leaving out blends and misidentifications, as well as the unreliable far-red and violet lines, we present the log (F2000/F1996) flux ratios for identified non-Fe+ lines. Mean values of log (F2000/F1996) for different ionization potential ranges of the ions producing the lines are shown separately for the permitted and forbidden lines. All means show fading, which is larger in the lowest range of ionization potential. Provisional interpretations are suggested. We also measured the values of FWHM in 2000; the previously known decrease with time of FWHM of lines due to the same ion has continued.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
An Overview of Current Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Models
Creators: name: Buffault, Juliette
name: Brignole-Baudouin, Françoise
name: Labbé, Antoine
name: Baudouin, Christophe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To provide an overview of the existing alternative models for studying trabecular meshwork (TM). Literature review. The TM is a complex tissue that regulates aqueous humor outflow from the eye. Dysfunction of the TM is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The TM is a porous structure composed of trabecular meshwork cells (TMC) within a multi-layered extracellular matrix (ECM). Although dysregulation of the outflow throughout the TM represents the first step in the disease process, the underlying mechanisms of TM degeneration associate cell loss and accumulation of ECM, but remain incompletely understood, and drugs targeting the TM are limited. Therefore, experimental models of glaucomatous trabeculopathy are necessary for preclinical screening, to advance research on this disease’s pathophysiology, and to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting the TM. Traditional animal models have been used extensively, albeit with inherent limitations, including ethical concerns and limited translatability to humans. Consequently, there has been an increasing focus on developing alternative in vitro models to study the TM. Recent advancements in three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering are still in their early stages and do not yet fully reflect the complexity of the outflow pathway. However, they have shown promise in reducing reliance on animal experimentation in certain aspects of glaucoma research. This review provides an overview of the existing alternative models for studying TM and their potential for advancing research on the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma and developing new therapeutic strategies.
Litter quality visual assessment in broiler sheds
Creators: name: EURCAW-Poultry-SFA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: broiler
indicators

description: Maintaining high-quality litter (meaning dry and friable) is a primary objective in the management of poultry houses, as poor-quality litter could have significant consequences on the health and welfare of birds. The assessment of litter quality can be done through various instrumental methods requiring time for analyses and/or specific costly equipment. In contrast, visual assessment can be conducted without any instruments, is instantaneous, and easily feasible. However, visual scoring may be considered subjective, this is why EURCAW-Poultry-SFA studied the validity, inter assessor reliability and intra-assessor repeatability of three visual scores. In this factsheet, the most reliable score is described with a method of assessment.
An investigation of egg shell quality
Creators: name: Lee, James Hin Foon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Egg shell quality was assessed in terms of breaking strength, elasticity, and energy absorbed by the shell up to failure. Two devices were used to determine these characteristics. Simple correlation and simple linear regression analyses showed that elasticity as determined by either device gave equally reliable estimates of breaking strength of the egg shell (r = -.68). A study of the three calcium levels supplemented to a basal ration on shell quality of eggs from two reciprocal crosses of birds showed that each measurement (breaking strength, elasticity, and energy to failure) used to assess shell quality produced different conclusions. In the early part of the experiment, elasticity was significantly lower for the 2% than for the 4% or 6% calcium diets in both crosses of birds. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of 4% and 6% calcium diets on elasticity. On the basis of the energy absorbed to failure, there was no significant effect of dietary calcium in Cross I birds. In Cross 2 birds, 6% calcium produced significantly superior results on energy absorbed as compared to the 2% and 4% calcium diets. For Cross I birds, breaking strength of eggs from the 6% and 4% dietary calcium treatments were significantly higher than those from the 7% calcium treatment. For Cross 2 birds, 4% dietary calcium produced stronger shells than 2%; shell strength from the 6% calcium treatment was inter, mediate to and net significantly different than that of the 2% or 4% calcium diets. No significant difference in the effect of the three calcium diets on shell quality as assessed by any one of the three measurements was observed in the latter part of the experiment. No consistent effect of the age of birds on egg shell strength was apparent. Significant variation in shell strength was found among groups of birds within the same cross on the same ration. Eggs stored under selected environmental conditions for different durations showed that moisture affected egg shell elasticity and the effect Increased In magnitude with time of storage when the egg was not only Immersed in water but also filled with water after removal of the albumen and yolk. Neither oiling nor storage temperature affected egg shell elasticity. There was no consistent effect of storage duration on egg shell elasticity except for the two treatments in which eggs with or without the contents removed were stored under water. It was found that the difference between the two duplicate elasticity readings measured at the equator of the same egg did not change significantly with either storage condition or storage duration.
Modeling perception and behavior in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: Support for the predictive processing framework
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Clinical high risk for psychosis
Computational psychiatry
Perception
Predictive coding
Psychophysics
Psychosis

description: © 2020 The Authors Early intervention in psychotic spectrum disorders is critical for maximizing key clinical outcomes. While there is some evidence for the utility of intervention during the prodromal phase of the illness, efficacy of interventions is difficult to assess without appropriate risk stratification. This will require biomarkers that robustly help to identify risk level and are also relatively easy to obtain. Recent work highlights the utility of computer-based behavioral tasks for understanding the pathophysiology of psychotic symptoms. Computational modeling of performance on such tasks may be particularly useful because they explicitly and formally link performance and symptom expression. Several recent studies have successfully applied principles of Bayesian inference to understanding the computational underpinnings of hallucinations. Within this framework, hallucinations are seen as arising from an over-weighting of prior beliefs relative to sensory evidence. This view is supported by recently-published data from two tasks: the Conditioned Hallucinations (CH) task, which determines the degree to which participants use expectations in detecting a target tone; and a Sine-Vocoded Speech (SVS) task, in which participants can use prior exposure to speech samples to inform their understanding of degraded speech stimuli. We administered both of these tasks to two samples of participants at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; N = 19) and healthy controls (HC; N = 17). CHR participants reported both more conditioned hallucinations and more pre-training SVS detection. In addition, relationships were found between participants' performance on both tasks. On computational modeling of behavior on the CH task, CHR participants demonstrate significantly poorer recognition of task volatility as well as a trend toward higher weighting of priors. A relationship was found between this latter effect and performance on both tasks. Taken together, these results support the assertion that these two tasks may be driven by similar latent factors in perceptual inference, and highlight the potential utility of computationally-based tasks in identifying risk.
Dynamical Bar-Mode Instability in Differentially Rotating Magnetized Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Camarda, Karen D.
name: Anninos, Peter
name: Fragile, P. Chris
name: Font, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a numerical study over a wide parameter space of the likelihood of the dynamical bar-mode instability in differentially rotating magnetized neutron stars. The innovative aspect of this study is the incorporation of magnetic fields in such a context, which have thus far been neglected in the purely hydrodynamical simulations available in the literature. The investigation uses the Cosmos++ code which allows us to perform three dimensional simulations on a cylindrical grid at high resolution. A sample of Newtonian magneto-hydrodynamical simulations starting from a set of models previously analyzed by other authors without magnetic fields has been performed, providing estimates of the effects of magnetic fields on the dynamical bar-mode deformation of rotating neutron stars. Overall, our results suggest that the effect of magnetic fields are not likely to be very significant in realistic configurations. Only in the most extreme cases are the magnetic fields able to suppress growth of the bar mode.
description: 12 pages, 16 figures. References added and minor edits made to match published version
Relevance of nonadiabatic effects in TiOCl
Creators: name: Mastrogiuseppe, Diego
name: Dobry, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of the phonon dynamics on a recently proposed model for the uniform-incommensurate transition seen in TiOX compounds. The study is based on a recently developed formalism for nonadiabatic spin-Peierls systems based on bosonization and a mean field RPA approximation for the interchain coupling. To reproduce the measured low temperature spin gap, a spin-phonon coupling quite bigger than the one predicted from an adiabatic approach is required. This high value is compatible with the renormalization of the phonons in the high temperature phase seen in inelastic x-ray experiments. Our theory accounts for the temperature of the incommensurate transition and the value of the incommensurate wave vector at the transition point.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Hyperfine Spin-Two (F=2) Atoms in Three-Dimensional Optical Lattices: Phase Diagrams and Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Snoek, Michiel
name: Song, Jun Liang
name: Zhou, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider ultracold matter of spin-2 atoms in optical lattices. We derive an effective Hamiltonian for the studies of spin ordering in Mott states and investigate hyperfine spin correlations. Particularly, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian in an on-site Hilbert space taking into account spin-dependent interactions and exchange between different sites. We obtain phase diagrams and quantum phase transitions between various magnetic phases.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, published version
On the numerical solution of the far field refractor problem
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Geometric pdes and optics
Lipschitz estimates
Numerical analysis

description: © 2017 Elsevier Ltd The far field refractor problem with a discrete target is solved with a numerical scheme that uses and simplify ideas from Caffarelli et al. (1999). A numerical implementation is carried out and examples are shown.
Ultrafast electron dynamics following outer-valence ionization: The impact of low-lying relaxation satellite states
Creators: name: Lünnemann, Siegfried
name: Kuleff, Alexander I.
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-lying relaxation satellites give rise to ultrafast electron dynamics following outer-valence ionization of a molecular system is studied. To demonstrate the impact of such satellites, the evolution of the electronic cloud after sudden removal of an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the organic unsaturated nitroso compound 2-Nitroso[1,3]oxazolo[5,4-d][1,3]oxazole is traced in real time and space using ab initio methods only. Our results show that the initially created hole charge remains stationary but on top of it the system reacts by an ultrafast pi-pi* excitation followed by a cyclic excitation-deexcitation process which leads to a redistribution of the charge. The pi-pi* excitation following the removal of the HOMO electron takes place on a sub-femtosecond time scale and the period of the excitation-deexcitation alternations is about 1.4 fs. In real space the processes of excitation and de-excitation represent ultrafast delocalization and localization of the charge. The results are analyzed by a simple two- and three-state model.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Auxin biosynthesis in Pisum sativum : a physico-chemical perspective
Creators: name: Quittenden, LJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: There are a number of putative tryptophan-dependent pathways leading to the bioactive auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plants, although none of these is fully characterised in terms of the isolation of genes for enzymatic reactions, and identification and quantification of precursor compounds. Herein, the tryptamine pathway (tryptophan ‚Äö- tryptamine - indole-3-acetaldehyde - IAA), the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway (tryptophan - indole-3-pyruvic acid- IAA) and the indoleacetamide pathway (tryptophan ‚Äö- indoleacetamide - IAA) to IAA are examined in Pisum sativum (pea) using a compound-based approach, detecting potential precursors by gas chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS), in order to complement the genetic findings of others. Synthesised deuterated forms of the intermediates involved have been used to quantify the endogenous compounds, and to investigate their metabolic fates. Methods for the isolation and quantification of the following compounds were devised and tested. Tryptophan, tryptamine, indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld), indoleacetamide, indole-3-ethanol (IEt) and IAA were detected as endogenous constituents, whereas indole-3-acetaldoxime and one of its products, indole-3-acetonitrile, were not detected. Metabolism experiments indicated that the tryptamine pathway to IAA in pea roots proceeds in the sequence tryptophan ‚Äö- tryptamine ‚Äö- IAAld ‚Äö- IAA, with IEt as a side-branch product of IAAld. The endogenous levels of IAA precursors, along with their abundance in tissue types, of a low-auxin mutant (bushy) have also been studied in order to characterise the mutation, and to assess the involvement of different IAA biosynthesis pathways. The effects of wounding, a synthetic auxin and an inhibitor of auxin action on the regulation of the biosynthesis pathways have also been studied. It appears that the tryptamine pathway is operative in pea roots; however, it cannot be ruled out that other tryptophan-dependent pathways to IAA are also operative, nor can we rule out the possibility of a tryptophan-independent pathway operating in these organs.
On the Inconsistency of Fayet-Iliopoulos Terms in Supergravity Theories
Creators: name: Dienes, Keith R.
name: Thomas, Brooks
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent discussions, we revisit the issue of whether globally supersymmetric theories with non-zero Fayet-Iliopoulos terms may be consistently coupled to supergravity. In particular, we examine claims that a fundamental inconsistency arises due to the conflicting requirements which are imposed on the $R$-symmetry properties of the theory by the supergravity framework. We also prove that certain kinds of Fayet-Iliopoulos contributions to the supercurrent supermultiplets of theories with non-zero Fayet-Iliopoulos terms fail to exist. A key feature of our discussion is an explicit comparison between results from the chiral (or ``old minimal'') and linear (or ``new minimal'') formulations of supergravity, and the effects within each of these formalisms that are induced by the presence of non-zero Fayet-Iliopoulos terms.
description: Comments: 69 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures, 7 tables. Significant new material on conformal-compensator formalisms added, previous results clarified and extended, references added
Dependable Structural Health Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Wireless sensor networks
structural health monitoring
dependability
fault detection
fault-tolerance
energy-efficiency

description: © 2016 IEEE. As an alternative to current wired-based networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming an increasingly compelling platform for engineering structural health monitoring (SHM) due to relatively low-cost, easy installation, and so forth. However, there is still an unaddressed challenge: The application-specific dependability in terms of sensor fault detection and tolerance. The dependability is also affected by a reduction on the quality of monitoring when mitigating WSN constrains (e.g., limited energy, narrow bandwidth). We address these by designing a dependable distributed WSN framework for SHM (called DependSHM) and then examining its ability to cope with sensor faults and constraints. We find evidence that faulty sensors can corrupt results of a health event (e.g., damage) in a structural system without being detected. More specifically, we bring attention to an undiscovered yet interesting fact, i.e., the real measured signals introduced by one or more faulty sensors may cause an undamaged location to be identified as damaged (false positive) or a damaged location as undamaged (false negative) diagnosis. This can be caused by faults in sensor bonding, precision degradation, amplification gain, bias, drift, noise, and so forth. In DependSHM, we present a distributed automated algorithm to detect such types of faults, and we offer an online signal reconstruction algorithm to recover from the wrong diagnosis. Through comprehensive simulations and a WSN prototype system implementation, we evaluate the effectiveness of DependSHM.
Intra-cavity measurement concept of dispersion properties with a tunable fiber-integrated laser
Creators: name: Tiess, Tobias
name: Hartung, Alexander
name: Becker, Martin
name: Chojetzki, Christoph
name: Rothhardt, Manfred
name: Bartelt, Hartmut
name: Jäger, Matthias
Publisher: name: Philadelphia, Pa. : IOP Publ.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: disperion
subject: fiber Bragg grating
subject: fiber lasers
subject: 530

description: The dispersion properties of fibers depict a key characteristic to model the propagation of ultra-short pulses in waveguides. In the following, a new method is presented to directly measure the dispersion properties of fibers and optical components in the time domain. The analysis is based on pulse shape variations along the tuning range of a theta cavity fiber laser (TCFL) depending on the adjusted repetition rate. The automated measurement procedure, evaluating pulse symmetry, achieves a temporal sensitivity below 5 ps surpassing the resolution of the acquisition electronics. Exemplarily, two samples of Nufern PM980-XP fiber are investigated with an Yb-doped tunable TCFL retrieving the mean dispersion parameter D? by comparative measurements. The obtained results are compared to a reference method based on spectral interferometry. With deviations in D? between either approach of 0.3% and 1.3%, respectively, the results agree well within the measurement errors of the TCFL, verifying the presented concept. Due to the pulse formation process extending over multiple round trips, this approach achieves an enhanced sensitivity compared to competing direct temporal methods. Together with an alignment free operation, the fiber-integrated TCFL depicts a simple and robust concept showing potential in specific measurement scenarios such as in quality management. © 2019 Astro Ltd.
title: Invasive renal angiomyolipoma with fatty pulmonary embolism
Creators: name: Sprenger, Flávia
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 59-year-old asymptomatic female patient referred to the radiology department for a treated rectal adenocarcinoma imaging follow-up. 

Computerized tomography (CT) showed a non-enhancing fatty mass on the right renal hilum, extending to the renal vein and inferior vena cava. 

Patient underwent right nephrectomy with cavotomy due to malignancy suspicion, with an intraoperatory report of loosening of the intravenous component, which ascended through the inferior vena cava. She presented with immediate postoperative respiratory distress characterized by dyspnea, desaturation (SpO2 87%) and need of supplementary oxygen on nasal catheter (3 litres per minute).

description: 59 years, female
Beyond a Gaussian denoiser: Residual learning of deep CNN for image denoising
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: cs.CV

description: © 2016 IEEE. The discriminative model learning for image denoising has been recently attracting considerable attentions due to its favorable denoising performance. In this paper, we take one step forward by investigating the construction of feed-forward denoising convolutional neural networks (DnCNNs) to embrace the progress in very deep architecture, learning algorithm, and regularization method into image denoising. Specifically, residual learning and batch normalization are utilized to speed up the training process as well as boost the denoising performance. Different from the existing discriminative denoising models which usually train a specific model for additive white Gaussian noise at a certain noise level, our DnCNN model is able to handle Gaussian denoising with unknown noise level (i.e., blind Gaussian denoising).With the residual learning strategy, DnCNN implicitly removes the latent clean image in the hidden layers. This property motivates us to train a single DnCNN model to tackle with several general image denoising tasks, such as Gaussian denoising, single image super-resolution, and JPEG image deblocking. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that our DnCNN model can not only exhibit high effectiveness in several general image denoising tasks, but also be efficiently implemented by benefiting from GPU computing.
Defect structure and electrical properties of CaO-stabilized ZrO2
Creators: name: Low, Norman Man-Pak
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The cubic fluorite-type solid solution of ZrO₂ containing 15 mole % CaO has been prepared by the hot-pressing process. The effects of annealing on the change.of lattice parameter, electrical properties, and density of the solid solution have been investigated. The lattice parameter of the cubic solid solution was found to depend on the heat treatment of the specimens. The decrease of lattice parameter with annealing temperature and time has been interpreted either in terms of the removal of interstitial oxygen ions from the." lattice or in terms of the inhomogeneous distribution of the CaO in the ZrO₂ lattice. The activation energy for conduction was also found to depend on the heat treatment of the specimens. The variation of activation energy with annealing temperature has been interpreted in terms of pairing and clustering of the oxygen vacancies with the substitutional Ca ions in the solid solution. The minimum activation energy obtained in the present investigation corresponded to the theoretically predicted activation energy for the migration of oxygen vacancies.
Overview of Chinese specialist literature in the field of Science and Technology in Germany
Creators: name: Koch, Sarah
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chinese specialist literatur
subject: Science and Technology
subject: user groups
subject: individual services
subject: 020

description: The main target audience of the libraries special collections of East Asian literature is the scholars of humanities and social sciences, just like the sinological libraries are normally considered for the scholars of Chinese Studies. But in recent years one can notice a growing interest in East Asia, especially in China, in the field of science and technology. The increasing international economic relations between China and Germany are raising the demand for engineers who have a broad knowledge of China and the technical developments of both countries. In order to achieve an overview of the rapid technical and scientific developments in China, it is assumed that specialized language skills are required to be able to access important information. As the National Library for all areas of engineering and natural sciences, the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) takes the responsibility to provide research and industry with specialist literature and information – nationally and internationally. Therefore the TIB also built up the most comprehensive collection of modern Chinese literature in science and technology in Germany. As to understand how the library can provide a good support for the much more heterogeneous user group of Chinese literature in this field as well, it is necessary to learn more about their requirements. The purpose of this paper is to get an overview of the Chinese research output in science and technology by analyzing international databases, and to examine the target audience of this kind of literature. It is expected that it will not only show the growing awareness and use of Chinese technical and scientific publications by engineers in Germany, but also demonstrate the importance of access to these publications in terms of scholarly exchange for both German and Chinese scholars in Germany.
On the orbital evolution of a giant planet pair embedded in a gaseous disk. I: Jupiter-Saturn configuration
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: Zhou, Ji-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a series of high resolution ($1024\times 1024$) hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the orbital evolution of Jupiter and Saturn embedded in a gaseous protostellar disk. Our work extends the results in the classical papers of Masset & Snellgrove (2001) and Morbidelli & Crida (2007) by exploring various surface density profiles ($σ$), where $σ\propto r^{-α}$. The stability of the mean motion resonances(MMRs) caused by the convergent migration of the two planets is studied as well. Our results show that:(1) The gap formation process of Saturn is greatly delayed by the tidal perturbation of Jupiter. These perturbations cause inward or outward runaway migration of Saturn, depending on the density profiles on the disk. (2) The convergent migration rate increases as $α$ increases and the type of MMRs depends on $α$ as well. When $04/3$, Saturn passes through the $2:1$ MMR with Jupiter and is captured into the $3:2$ MMR. (3) The $3:2$ MMR turns out to be unstable when the eccentricity of Saturn ($e_s$) increases too high. The critical value above which instability will set in is $e_s \sim 0.15$. We also observe that the two planets are trapped into $2:1$ MMR after the break of $3:2$ MMR. This process may provide useful information for the formation of orbital configuration between Jupiter and Saturn in the Solar System.
description: 21 pages, 23 figures
Impaired perception of surface tilt in progressive supranuclear palsy
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Case-Control Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Gravitation
Head-Down Tilt
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Orientation
Parkinson Disease
Space Perception
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive

description: © 2017 Dale et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by early postural instability and backward falls. The mechanisms underlying backward postural instability in PSP are not understood. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that postural instability in PSP is a result of dysfunction in the perception of postural verticality. Methods We gathered posturography data on 12 subjects with PSP to compare with 12 subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) and 12 healthy subjects. Objective tests of postural impairment included: dynamic sensory perception tests of gravity and of surface oscillations, postural responses to surface perturbations, the sensory organization test of postural sway under altered sensory conditions and limits of stability in stance. Results Perception of toes up (but not toes down) surface tilt was reduced in subjects with PSP compared to both control subjects (p≤0.001 standing, p≤0.007 seated) and subjects with PD (p≤0.03 standing, p≤0.04 seated). Subjects with PSP, PD and normal controls accurately perceived the direction of gravity when standing on a tilting surface. Unlike PD and control subjects, subjects with PSP exerted less postural corrective torque in response to toes up surface tilts. Discussion Difficulty perceiving backward tilt of the surface or body may account for backward falls and postural impairments in patients with PSP. These observations suggest that abnormal central integration of sensory inputs for perception of body and surface orientation contributes to the pathophysiology of postural instability in PSP.
Status and Sensitivity Projections for the XENON100 Dark Matter Experiment
Creators: name: Aprile, Elena
name: Baudis, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The XENON experimental program aims to detect cold dark matter particles via their elastic collisions with xenon nuclei in two-phase time projection chambers (TPCs). We are currently testing a new TPC at the 100 kg scale, XENON100. This new, ultra-low background detector, has a total of 170 kg of xenon (65 kg in the target region and 105 kg in the active shield). It has been installed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory and is currently in commissioning phase. We review the design and performance of the detector and its associated systems, present status, preliminary calibration results, background prediction and projected sensitivity. With a 6000 kg-day background-free exposure, XENON100 will reach a sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2e-45 cm2 by the end of 2009. We also discuss our plan to upgrade the XENON100 experiment to improve the sensitivity by another order of magnitude by 2012.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the Identification of Dark Matter conference (IDM 2008), Stockholm, Sweden, 18-22 August, 2008
PhantomLiDAR: Cross-modality Signal Injection Attacks against LiDAR
Creators: name: Jin, Zizhi
name: Jiang, Qinhong
name: Lu, Xuancun
name: Yan, Chen
name: Ji, Xiaoyu
name: Xu, Wenyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a pivotal sensor for autonomous driving, offering precise 3D spatial information. Previous signal attacks against LiDAR systems mainly exploit laser signals. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of cross-modality signal injection attacks, i.e., injecting intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) to manipulate LiDAR output. Our insight is that the internal modules of a LiDAR, i.e., the laser receiving circuit, the monitoring sensors, and the beam-steering modules, even with strict electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, can still couple with the IEMI attack signals and result in the malfunction of LiDAR systems. Based on the above attack surfaces, we propose the PhantomLiDAR attack, which manipulates LiDAR output in terms of Points Interference, Points Injection, Points Removal, and even LiDAR Power-Off. We evaluate and demonstrate the effectiveness of PhantomLiDAR with both simulated and real-world experiments on five COTS LiDAR systems. We also conduct feasibility experiments in real-world moving scenarios. We provide potential defense measures that can be implemented at both the sensor level and the vehicle system level to mitigate the risks associated with IEMI attacks. Video demonstrations can be viewed at https://sites.google.com/view/phantomlidar.