cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Risk of perforation in the era of nonemergent management for acute appendicitis
Creators: name: Westfall, K.M.
name: Charles, A.G.
Publisher: name: Southeastern Surgical Congress
Year: 2019

description: Prompt appendectomy has long been the standard of care for acute appendicitis because of the risk of progression to perforation. Recently, studies have suggested nonemergent management of acute appendicitis. Our study aimed to determine changes in risk of rupture and complications in patients with appendicitis, with increasing time from symptom onset to treatment. Retrospective study of patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the University of North Carolina Hospitals with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis who subsequently underwent appendectomy from 2011 to 2015 was performed. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pathologic data were reviewed. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess variables associated with increased risk of perforation. Poisson regression modeling was completed to evaluate the risk of perforation and postoperative abscess based on time from symptoms to treatment. Within our database of 1007 patients, the mean time from onset of symptoms to operative intervention was 3.24 ± 2.2 days. Modified Poisson regression modeling demonstrated the relative risk for perforation increases by 9% (RR 1.09, P < 0.001) for each day delay. Age (RR 1.03), male gender (RR 1.50), temperature on admission (RR 1.32), and the presence of fecalith (RR 1.89) statistically significantly increased the risk of perforation. Furthermore, for each day delay, there is an 8% increased risk of postoperative abscess (RR 1.08, P 5 0.027). The relative risk for appendiceal perforation is 9 per cent per day delay with a resultant 8 per cent increased risk of postoperative abscess. Thus, appendectomy for acute appendicitis should remain an emergent procedure, given that delays in operative management lead to complications and increases in cost of care.
On non-periodic tilings of the real line by a function
Creators: name: Kolountzakis, Mihail N.
name: Lev, Nir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is known that a positive, compactly supported function $f \in L^1(\mathbb R)$ can tile by translations only if the translation set is a finite union of periodic sets. We prove that this is not the case if $f$ is allowed to have unbounded support. On the other hand we also show that if the translation set has finite local complexity, then it must be periodic, even if the support of $f$ is unbounded.
description: To appear in International Mathematics Research Notices (IMRN)
Appendiceal malignancy: The hidden risks of nonoperative management for acute appendicitis
Creators: name: Charles, A.G.
name: Brown, R.
name: Westfall, K.M.
Publisher: name: Southeastern Surgical Congress
Year: 2019

description: One potential harm of nonoperative management for acute appendicitis is missed appendiceal cancer, a rare and often aggressive malignancy due to the frequency of late stage of diagnosis. Previous studies have reported an increasing incidence of appendiceal neoplasms in the population. This is a retrospective case-control study of 1007 adult patients, who presented to the University of North Carolina-Memorial Hospital (UNC-MH) between 2011 and 2015 with clinical signs and symptoms of appendicitis. We evaluated the incidence of primary appendiceal cancer in this population and determined factors that predict appendiceal cancer diagnosis using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall incidence of appendiceal neoplasm for adult patients presenting to UNC-MH with appendicitis from 2011 to 2015 was 2.3 per cent (23/1007). The incidence in patients without appendiceal perforation on pathology was 1.9 per cent (16/832). Age (odds ratio (OR) 1.03), number of days of abdominal pain (OR 1.16), self-reported fever (OR 2.08), appendiceal width (OR 1.95), and appendiceal wall thickness (OR 1.30) were predictors of appendiceal neoplasm diagnosis in patients that present with acute appendicitis. We recommend that an operative approach to acute appendicitis should remain the standard of care because operative management may not only be diagnostic but potentially therapeutic.
Prenatal and perinatal factors and risk of eating disorders
Creators: name: Bulik, C.M.
name: Thornton, L.M.
name: Larsen, J.T.
name: Koch, S.V.
name: Petersen, L.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2019

description: Background: Among the most disabling and fatal psychiatric illnesses, eating disorders (EDs) often manifest early in life, which encourages investigations into in utero and perinatal environmental risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine whether complications during pregnancy and birth and perinatal conditions are associated with later eating disorder risk in offspring and whether these associations are unique to EDs. Methods: All individuals born in Denmark to Danish-born parents 1989-2010 were included in the study and followed from their 6th birthday until the end of 2016. Exposure to factors related to pregnancy, birth, and perinatal conditions was determined using national registers, as were hospital-based diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder not otherwise specified during follow-up. For comparison, diagnoses of depressive, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders were also included. Cox regression was used to compare hazards of psychiatric disorders in exposed and unexposed individuals. Results: 1 167 043 individuals were included in the analysis. We found that similar to the comparison disorders, prematurity was associated with increased eating disorder risk. Conversely, patterns of increasing risks of EDs, especially in AN, with increasing parental ages differed from the more U-shaped patterns observed for depressive and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that pregnancy and early life are vulnerable developmental periods when exposures may influence offspring mental health, including eating disorder risk, later in life. The results suggest that some events pose more global transdiagnostic risk whereas other patterns, such as increasing parental ages, appear more specific to EDs.
title: Les ateliers philosophiques pour sensibiliser au harcèlement
title: Les ateliers philosophiques pour sensibiliser au harcèlement
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Balmat, Mélanie
name: Correia, Caroline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: harcèlement
subject: empathie
subject: ateliers philosophiques
subject: compétences langagières
subject: débat oral
subject: décentration
subject: émotions
subject: littérature jeunesse

description: Le choix de la thématique de notre travail de Bachelor s’est porté sur la sensibilisation au harcèlement. Selon le Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA, 2018), en comparaison avec d’autres pays d’Europe, les élèves suisses sont plus sujets au harcèlement. Ainsi, laisser les élèves s’exprimer sur cette thématique, en partant de situations de harcèlement issues de la littérature, nous a semblé judicieux. Dans le but de travailler cette thématique dans son ensemble, nous avons décidé de la traiter à travers des ateliers philosophiques afin de relever si une évolution de l’empathie liée à un travail sur les compétences langagières de nos élèves était présente. C’est ainsi que nous avons élaboré les deux questions de recherche suivantes : « L’évolution des compétences langagières va-t-elle de pair avec celle du niveau d’empathie des élèves ? » « En quoi des ateliers philosophiques, basés sur un ouvrage de littérature jeunesse, permettentils de développer l’empathie des élèves et de les sensibiliser au harcèlement ? » Afin de répondre à notre premier questionnement, les discussions des ateliers philosophiques ont été enregistrées afin de constater si les élèves présentaient une évolution de leurs compétences langagières et de leur empathie. Finalement, pour répondre à notre deuxième problématique, nous avons décidé de procéder en 3 temps : les élèves ont complété un pré-test sans avoir connaissance du sujet travaillé, puis participé à trois ateliers philosophiques avant de remplir un post-test. En amont de chaque atelier philosophique, nous avons également lu une histoire en lien avec le thème de celui-ci aux élèves.
Fig. S1 from The need to account for cell biology in characterizing predatory mixotrophs in aquatic environments.
Creators: name: Wilken, Susanne
name: Yung, Charmaine
name: Hamilton, Maria
name: Hoadley, Kenneth
name: Nzongo, Juliana
name: Eckmann, Charlotte
name: Luque, Maria Corrochano
name: Poirier, Camille
name: Worden, Alexandra Z.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Associations of M. polaris with microbeads over the full 5 day incubation period of experiment 1.
Gravitational transitions via the explicitly broken symmetron screening mechanism
Creators: name: Perivolaropoulos, Leandros
name: Skara, Foteini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the symmetron screening mechanism by allowing for an explicit symmetry breaking of the symmetron $ϕ^4$ potential. A coupling to matter of the form $A(ϕ)=1+\frac{ϕ^2}{M^2}$ leads to an explicitly broken symmetry with effective potential $V_{eff}(ϕ)=-μ^2 (1-\fracρ{μ^2 M^2})ϕ^2 +\fracλ{2}ϕ^4 + 2 \varepsilon ϕ^3+\fracλ{2}η^4$. Due to the explicit symmetry breaking induced by the cubic term we call this field the 'asymmetron'. For large matter density $ρ>ρ_*\equiv μ^2M^2+\frac{9}{4}\varepsilonηM^2$ the effective potential has a single minimum at $ϕ=0$ leading to restoration of General Relativity as in the usual symmetron screening mechanism. For low matter density however, there is a false vacuum and a single true vacuum due to the explicit symmetry breaking. This is expected to lead to an unstable network of domain walls with slightly different value of the gravitational constant $G$ on each side of the wall. This network would be in constant interaction with matter overdensities and would lead to interesting observational signatures which could be detected as gravitational and expansion rate transitions in redshift space. Such a gravitational transition has been recently proposed for the resolution of the Hubble tension.
description: 17 pages. 8 Figures, 1 Table. The numerical files for the reproduction of the figures can be found at https://github.com/FOTEINISKARA/Gravitational_transitions_via_the_explicitly_broken_symmetron_screening_mechanism (Github repository under the MIT license)
Appendix containing mathematical details and proofs from The e-posterior
Creators: name: Grünwald, Peter D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a representation of a decision maker’s uncertainty based on e-variables. Like the Bayesian posterior, this e-posterior allows for making predictions against arbitrary loss functions that may not be specified ex ante. Unlike the Bayesian posterior, it provides risk bounds that have frequentist validity irrespective of prior adequacy: if the e-collection (which plays a role analogous to the Bayesian prior) is chosen badly, the bounds get loose rather than wrong, making e-posterior minimax decision rules safer than Bayesian ones. The resulting quasi-conditional paradigm is illustrated by re-interpreting a previous influential partial Bayes-frequentist unification, Kiefer–Berger–Brown–Wolpert conditional frequentist tests, in terms of e-posteriors.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bayesian inference: challenges, perspective, and prospects’.
Gravothermal catastrophe and critical dimension in a $D$-dimensional asymptotically AdS spacetime
Creators: name: Asami, Hiroki
name: Yoo, Chul-Moon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure and stability of the thermal equilibrium states of a spherically symmetric self-gravitating system in a $D$-dimensional asymptotically Anti-de Sitter(AdS) spacetime. The system satisfies the Einstein-Vlasov equations with a negative cosmological constant. Due to the confined structure of the AdS potential, we can construct thermal equilibrium states without any artificial wall in the asymptotically AdS spacetime. Accordingly, the AdS radius can be regarded as the typical size of the system. Then the system can be characterized by the gravothermal energy and AdS radius normalized by the total particle number. We investigate the catastrophic instability of the system in a $D$-dimensional spacetime by using the turning point method. As a result, we find that the curve has a double spiral structure for $4\le D\le 10$ while it does not have any spiral structures for $D\ge11$ as in the asymptotically flat case confined by an adiabatic wall. Irrespective of the existence of the spiral structure, there exist upper and lower bounds for the value of the gravothermal energy. This fact indicates that there is no thermal equilibrium solution outside the allowed region of the gravothermal energy. This property is also similar to the asymptotically flat case.
description: 23 pages
(982) Mary Ellen Beardshaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Quantum Interference Induced Photon Blockade in a Coupled Single Quantum Dot-Cavity System
Creators: name: Tang, Jing
name: Geng, Weidong
name: Xu, Xiulai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experimental scheme to implement a strong photon blockade with a single quantum dot coupled to a nanocavity. The photon blockade effect can be tremendously enhanced by driving the cavity and the quantum dot simultaneously with two classical laser fields. This enhancement of photon blockade is ascribed to the quantum interference effect to avoid two-photon excitation of the cavity field. Comparing with Jaynes-Cummings model, the second-order correlation function at zero time delay $g^{(2)}(0)$ in our scheme can be reduced by two orders of magnitude and the system sustains a large intracavity photon number. A red (blue) cavity-light detuning asymmetry for photon quantum statistics with bunching or antibunching characteristics is also observed. The photon blockade effect has a controllable flexibility by tuning the relative phase between the two pumping laser fields and the Rabi coupling strength between the quantum dot and the pumping field. Moreover, the photon blockade scheme based on quantum interference mechanism does not require a strong coupling strength between the cavity and the quantum dot, even with the pure dephasing of the system. This simple proposal provides an effective way for potential applications in solid state quantum computation and quantum information processing.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Barjols, couples de danseurs dans le grenier de l'usine Plauchud, où se tient le bal de la saint Marcel
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
From conformal correlators to analytic S-matrices: CFT$_1$/QFT$_2$
Creators: name: Córdova, Lucía
name: He, Yifei
name: Paulos, Miguel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study families of one-dimensional CFTs relevant for describing gapped QFTs in AdS$_2$. Using the Polyakov bootstrap as our main tool, we explain how S-matrices emerge from the flat space limit of CFT correlators. In this limit we prove that the CFT OPE density matches that of a generalized free field, and that this implies unitarity of the S-matrix. We establish a CFT dispersion formula for the S-matrix, proving its analyticity except for singularities on the real axis which we characterize in terms of the CFT data. In particular positivity of the OPE establishes that any such S-matrix must satisfy extended unitarity conditions. We also carefully prove that for physical kinematics the S-matrix may be more directly described by a phase shift formula. Our results crucially depend on the assumption of a certain gap in the spectrum of operators. We bootstrap perturbative AdS bubble, triangle and box diagrams and find that the presence of anomalous thresholds in S-matrices are precisely signaled by an unbounded OPE arising from violating this assumption. Finally we clarify the relation between unitarity saturating S-matrices and extremal CFTs, establish a mapping between the dual S-matrix and CFT bootstraps, and discuss how our results help understand UV completeness or lack thereof for specific S-matrices.
description: 71 pages, 10 figures; v2, typos corrected and references added
(976) Edwin Strickland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Can community hubs fill the voids left by closed public schools?: Four recommendations for Ontario
Creators: name: Cranston, Sarah
name: Collins, Patricia
Publisher: name: Canadian Institute of Planners
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Public schools--Ontario
subject: Community and school

description: Public schools across Ontario are being permanently closed at unprecedented rates. While the impacts of school closures on communities have not been comprehensively studied in Canada, the loss of a public school undoubtedly leaves a void in the community left behind. Co-locating schools with community hubs is a novel strategy for helping school boards overcome the costs of their ‘surplus space’, whilst ensuring that these assets stay in the public domain. For such a strategy to be viable however, greater support is needed from the provincial government. We offer four recommendations for supporting the creation of community hubs in Ontario.
description: La fermeture définitive d’écoles publiques de l’Ontario se produit à un rythme sans précédent. Même si les répercussions des fermetures d’écoles sur les collectivités n’ont pas fait l’objet d’une étude complète au Canada, la perte d’une école publique laisse sans aucun doute un vide dans la collectivité touchée. Faire cohabiter les écoles et les carrefours communautaires constitue une stratégie inédite pour aider les conseils scolaires à surmonter les coûts de leur « surplus d’espace », tout en garantissant que ces biens demeurent dans le domaine public. Cependant, pour qu’une telle stratégie soit viable, il est nécessaire que le gouvernement provincial fournisse un soutien plus important. Nous proposons quatre recommandations pour appuyer la création de carrefours communautaires en Ontario.
The Hawking-Page-like Phase Transition from FRW Spacetime to McVittie Black Hole
Creators: name: Abdusattar, Haximjan
name: Kong, Shi-Bei
name: Yin, Yihao
name: Hu, Ya-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamics especially the Hawking-Page-like phase transition of the McVittie space-time. We formulate the first law of thermodynamics for the McVittie black hole, and find that the work density $W$ of the perfect fluid plays the role of the thermodynamic pressure, i.e. $P$:=$-W$. We also construct the thermodynamic equation of state for the McVittie black hole. Most importantly, by analysing the Gibbs free energy, we find that the Hawking-Page-like phase transition from FRW spacetime to McVittie black hole is possible in the case $P>0$.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Non-integrability of measure preserving maps via Lie symmetries
Creators: name: Cima, Anna
name: Gasull, Armengol
name: Mañosa, Víctor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34C14, 37C25, 37J30, 39A05

description: We consider the problem of characterizing, for certain natural number $m$, the local $\mathcal{C}^m$-non-integrability near elliptic fixed points of smooth planar measure preserving maps. Our criterion relates this non-integrability with the existence of some Lie Symmetries associated to the maps, together with the study of the finiteness of its periodic points. One of the steps in the proof uses the regularity of the period function on the whole period annulus for non-degenerate centers, question that we believe that is interesting by itself. The obtained criterion can be applied to prove the local non-integrability of the Cohen map and of several rational maps coming from second order difference equations.
description: 25 pages
Cursory Overview of the Theoretical Foundations of Human Rights and Main Principles of Some of the Fundamental Human Rights
Creators: name: Zhussipbek Galym
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: human rights
foundations of human rights
universality of human rights
freedom of thought
freedom of expression
hate speech
post-soviet society

description: This chapter, specifically prepared for the courses taught in post-Soviet countries, aims to show that the value of studying human rights should be searched for in their very intimacy to our everyday’s life, since human rights are not something abstract or distant to ourselves and our environments. It introduces the fundamental features, foundations of human rights, and a brief history of the concept of human rights. This chapter also explores why human rights are universal and do not belong to a particular culture or civilization. The relativist approach to human rights, which may ensue either from moral and [unbalanced] cultural relativism, is criticized. By introducing the various categories of human rights such as ‘civil and political’, ‘social’, ‘absolute’, ‘non-absolute’, and ‘substantive’ human rights, it argues that norms of human rights have deep philosophical roots and are constantly growing and developing. The chapter provides a comprehensive background on the adoption of the major documents in the field of human rights such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948. It also moves further to cover the freedom of thought and the freedom of expression by distinguishing the two notions and subsequently introduces the underpinnings of freedom of conscience and religion.
Detailed Materials and Methods from The need to account for cell biology in characterizing predatory mixotrophs in aquatic environments
Creators: name: Wilken, Susanne
name: Yung, Charmaine
name: Hamilton, Maria
name: Hoadley, Kenneth
name: Nzongo, Juliana
name: Eckmann, Charlotte
name: Luque, Maria Corrochano
name: Poirier, Camille
name: Worden, Alexandra Z.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Photosynthesis in eukaryotes first arose through phagocytotic processes wherein an engulfed cyanobacterium was not digested, but instead became a permanent organelle. Other photosynthetic lineages then arose when eukaryotic cells engulfed other already photosynthetic eukaryotic cells. Some of the resulting lineages subsequently lost their ability for phagocytosis, while many others maintained the ability to do both processes. These mixotrophic taxa have more complicated ecological roles, in that they are both primary producers and consumers that can shift more towards producing the organic matter that forms the base of aquatic food chains, or towards respiring and releasing CO2. We still have much to learn about which taxa are predatory mixotrophs as well as about the physiological consequences, in part, because much of the diversity of unicellular eukaryotes in aquatic ecosystems remain uncultured. Here, we discuss existing methods for studying predatory mixotrophs, their individual biases, and how single-cell approaches can enhance knowledge of these important taxa. The question remains what the gold standard should be for assigning a mixotrophic status to ill-characterized or uncultured taxa—a status that dictates how organisms are incorporated into carbon cycle models and how their ecosystem roles may shift in future lakes and oceans.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Single-cell ecology’.
Probabilistic prediction of Dst storms one-day-ahead using Full-Disk SoHO Images
Creators: name: Hu, A.
name: Shneider, C.
name: Tiwari, A.
name: Camporeale, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new model for the probability that the Disturbance storm time (Dst) index exceeds -100 nT, with a lead time between 1 and 3 days. $Dst$ provides essential information about the strength of the ring current around the Earth caused by the protons and electrons from the solar wind, and it is routinely used as a proxy for geomagnetic storms. The model is developed using an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that are trained using SoHO images (MDI, EIT and LASCO). The relationship between the SoHO images and the solar wind has been investigated by many researchers, but these studies have not explicitly considered using SoHO images to predict the $Dst$ index. This work presents a novel methodology to train the individual models and to learn the optimal ensemble weights iteratively, by using a customized class-balanced mean square error (CB-MSE) loss function tied to a least-squares (LS) based ensemble. The proposed model can predict the probability that Dst<-100 nT 24 hours ahead with a True Skill Statistic (TSS) of 0.62 and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.37. The weighted TSS and MCC from Guastavino et al. (2021) is 0.68 and 0.47, respectively. An additional validation during non-Earth-directed CME periods is also conducted which yields a good TSS and MCC score.
description: accepted by journal
Nano-Ductility in Silicate Glasses is Driven by Topological Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Wang, Bu
name: Yu, Yingtian
name: Wang, Mengyi
name: Mauro, John C.
name: Bauchy, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of nanoscale ductility during the fracture of silicate glasses remains controversial. Here, based on molecular dynamics simulations coupled with topological constraint theory, we show that nano-ductility arises from the spatial heterogeneity of the atomic network's rigidity. Specifically, we report that localized floppy modes of deformation in under-constrained regions of the glass enable plastic deformations of the network, resulting in permanent change in bond configurations. Ultimately, these heterogeneous plastic events percolate, thereby resulting in a non-brittle mode of fracture. This suggests that nano-ductility is intrinsic to multi-component silicate glasses having nanoscale heterogeneities.
Fig. S1 from The need to account for cell biology in characterizing predatory mixotrophs in aquatic environments
Creators: name: Wilken, Susanne
name: Yung, Charmaine
name: Hamilton, Maria
name: Hoadley, Kenneth
name: Nzongo, Juliana
name: Eckmann, Charlotte
name: Luque, Maria Corrochano
name: Poirier, Camille
name: Worden, Alexandra Z.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Associations of M. polaris with microbeads over the full 5 day incubation period of experiment 1.
(977) Annie Butler
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The evolution of coherent vortical structures in increasingly turbulent stratified shear layers
Creators: name: Jiang, Xianyang
name: Lefauve, Adrien
name: Dalziel, Stuart B.
name: Linden, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the morphology of Eulerian vortical structures and their interaction with density interfaces in increasingly turbulent stably-stratified shear layers. We analyse the three-dimensional, simultaneous velocity and density fields obtained in the stratified inclined duct laboratory experiment. We track, across 15 datasets, the evolution of coherent structures from pre-turbulent Holmboe waves, through intermittent turbulence, to full turbulence and mixing. We use the Rortex--Shear decomposition of the vorticity field into a pure rotational part (the rortex vector), and a non-rotational part (the shear vector). We describe the morphology of ubiquitous hairpin-like vortical structures (revealed by the rortex), similar to those commonly observed in boundary-layer turbulence. These are born as relatively weak vortices around the strong three-dimensional shearing structures of confined Holmboe waves, and gradually strengthen and deform under increasing turbulence, transforming into pairs of upward- and downward-pointing hairpins propagating in opposite directions on the top and bottom edge of the shear layer. Each hairpin's pair of legs are counter-rotating and entrain fluid laterally and vertically, and their arched-up `heads', which are transverse vortices, entrain fluid vertically. We then elucidate how this large-scale vortex morphology stirs and mixes the density field. Essentially, vortices located at the sharp density interface on either edge of the mixing layer (mostly hairpin heads) engulf blobs of unmixed fluid into the mixing layer, while vortices inside the mixing layer (mostly hairpin legs) further stir it, generating strong, small-scale shear, enhancing mixing. These findings provide new insights into the role of turbulent coherent structures in shear-driven stratified mixing.
Double Higgs Production with a Jet Substructure Analysis to Probe Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Etesami, Seyed Mohsen
name: Najafabadi, Mojtaba Mohammadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study to probe the effects of large extra dimensions through double Higgs production in proton-proton collisions at the center-of-mass energies of 14, 33, 100 TeV. We concentrate on the channel in which both Higgs bosons decay into $b\bar{b}$ pair and take into account the main background contributions through realistic Monte-Carlo simulations. In order to achieve an efficient event reconstruction and a good background rejection, jet substructure techniques are used to efficiently capture the boosted Higgs bosons in the final state. The expected limits on the model parameters are obtained based on the invariant mass and the angular properties of the final state objects. Depending on the number of extra dimensions, bounds up to 6.1, 12.5, 28.1 TeV are set on the model parameter at proton-proton collisions with the center-of-mass energies of 14, 33, and 100 TeV, respectively.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, and 3 tables
(979) Margaret Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Polarized Synchrotron Foreground Assessment for CMB Experiments
Creators: name: Weiland, Janet L.
name: Addison, Graeme E.
name: Bennett, Charles L.
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hinshaw, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarized Galactic synchrotron emission is an undesirable foreground for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments observing at frequencies $< 150$ GHz. We perform a combined analysis of observational data at 1.4, 2.3, 23, 30 and 33 GHz to quantify the spatial variation of the polarized synchrotron spectral index, $β^{pol}$, on $\sim3.5^\circ$ scales. We compare results from different data combinations to address limitations and inconsistencies present in these public data, and form a composite map of $β^{pol}$. Data quality masking leaves 44% sky coverage (73% for $|b|> 45^\circ$). Generally $-3.2 < β^{pol} \lesssim -3$ in the inner Galactic plane and spurs, but the Fan Region in the outer Galaxy has a flatter index. We find a clear spectral index steepening with increasing latitude south of the Galactic plane with $Δβ^{pol}=0.4$, and a smaller steepening of $0.25$ in the north. Near the south Galactic pole the polarized synchrotron spectral index is $β^{pol} \approx -3.4$. Longitudinal spectral index variations of $Δβ^{pol} \sim 0.1$ about the latitudinal mean are also detected. Within the BICEP2/Keck survey footprint, we find consistency with a constant value, $β^{pol} = -3.25 \pm 0.04$ (statistical) $\pm 0.02$ (systematic). We compute a map of the frequency at which synchrotron and thermal dust emission contribute equally to the total polarized foreground. The limitations and inconsistencies among datasets encountered in this work make clear the value of additional independent surveys at multiple frequencies, especially between $10-20$ GHz, provided these surveys have sufficient sensitivity and control of instrumental systematic errors.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, accepted by ApJ
Evaluating the reporting of randomized clinical trials impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Gill, Peter
name: Golub, Robert M.
name: Rombey, Tanja
name: Orkin, Aaron
name: Calleja, Sabine
name: An-Wen Chan
name: Ayala, Ana Patricia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: RCTs
subject: Randomized controlled trials
subject: CONSERVE 2021 Statement
subject: Reporting
subject: Transparency
subject: COVID-19

description: Meta-research study
Dynamical depinning of a Tonks Girardeau gas
Creators: name: Cartarius, Florian
name: Kawasaki, Eiji
name: Minguzzi, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical depinning following a sudden turn off of an optical lattice for a gas of impenetrable bosons in a tight atomic waveguide. We use a Bose-Fermi mapping to infer the exact quantum dynamical evolution. At long times, in the thermodynamic limit, we observe the approach to a non-equilibrium steady state, characterized by the absence of quasi-long-range order and a reduced visibility in the momentum distribution. Similar features are found in a finite-size system at times corresponding to half the revival time, where we find that the system approaches a quasi-steady state with a power-law behaviour.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Evolution of HIV-1 drug resistance after virological failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia
Creators: name:  Eron, J.J.
name:  Warrier, R.
name:  Westfall, A.O.
name: Parker Hudson, F.
name:  Mulenga, L.
name:  Saag, M.S.
name:  Mweemba, A.
name:  Chi, B.H.
name:  Stringer, J.S.A.
Publisher: name: International Medical Press Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Background: HIV viral load (VL) and resistance testing are limited in sub-Saharan Africa, so individuals may have prolonged time on failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our objective was to describe the evolution of drug resistance mutations among adults failing first-line ART in Zambia. Methods: We analysed data from a trial of VL monitoring in Lusaka, Zambia. From 2006 to 2011, 12 randomized sites provided either routine VL monitoring (intervention) or discretionary (control) after ART initiation. Samples were collected prospectively following the same schedule in each arm but analysed retrospectively in the control group. For those with virological failure (VF; >400 copies/ml), HIV genotyping was performed retrospectively on baseline (BL) and on all subsequent specimens until censored due to study completion, withdrawal or death. Results: Of 1,973 enrollees, 165 (8.4%) developed VF. 464 genotype results were available including 132 (80%) at BL, 116 (70%) at VF and 125 (76%) had at least one result between VF and censoring. Major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations increased from 26% (BL) to 82% (VF) to 89% at last genotype (LG). M184 mutations increased from 2% to 59% to 71%; K65R from 2% to 11% to 13%; 2 or more thymidine analogue mutations from 1% to 3% to 12%. Among those on a failing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based regimen, TDF resistance increased from 42% to 58%. Conclusions: We found substantial resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs at VF with incremental increases after VF while still on a failing first-line ART; this resistance may compromise attainment of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals. ©2019 International Medical Press
Supplemental figures from The cleaner shrimp Lysmata amboinensis adjusts its behaviour towards predatory versus non-predatory clients.
Creators: name: Caves, Eleanor M.
name: Chen, Catherine
name: Johnsen, Sönke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplemental Figures S1-3
(975) Charlotte Strickland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Site-specific probing of charge transfer dynamics in organic photovoltaics
Creators: name: Arion, Tiberiu
name: Nepp, Stefan
name: Roth, Friedrich
name: Shavorskiy, Andrey
name: Bluhm, Hendrik
name: Hussain, Zahid
name: Gessner, Oliver
name: Eberhardt, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the site-specific probing of charge-transfer dynamics in a prototype system for organic photovoltaics (OPV) by picosecond time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A layered system consisting of approximately two monolayers of C$_{60}$ deposited on top of a thin film of Copper-Phthalocyanine (CuPC) is excited by an optical pump pulse and the induced electronic dynamics are probed with 590 eV X-ray pulses. Charge transfer from the electron donor (CuPC) to the acceptor (C$_{60}$) and subsequent charge carrier dynamics are monitored by recording the time-dependent C 1$s$ core level photoemission spectrum of the system. The arrival of electrons in the C$_{60}$ layer is readily observed as a completely reversible, transient shift of the C$_{60}$ associated C 1$s$ core level, while the C 1$s$ level of the CuPC remains unchanged. The capability to probe charge transfer and recombination dynamics in OPV assemblies directly in the time domain and from the perspective of well-defined domains is expected to open additional pathways to better understand and optimize the performance of this emerging technology.
Supplementary figures and tables from Turn-taking in human face-to-face interaction is multimodal: gaze direction and manual gestures aid the coordination of turn transitions
Creators: name: Kendrick, Kobin H.
name: Holler, Judith
name: Levinson, Stephen C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human communicative interaction is characterized by rapid and precise turn-taking. This is achieved by an intricate system that has been elucidated in the field of conversation analysis, based largely on the study of the auditory signal. This model suggests that transitions occur at points of possible completion identified in terms of linguistic units. Despite this, considerable evidence exists that visible bodily actions including gaze and gestures also play a role. To reconcile disparate models and observations in the literature, we combine qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse turn-taking in a corpus of multimodal interaction using eye-trackers and multiple cameras. We show that transitions seem to be inhibited when a speaker averts their gaze at a point of possible turn completion, or when a speaker produces gestures which are beginning or unfinished at such points. We further show that while the direction of a speaker's gaze does not affect the speed of transitions, the production of manual gestures does: turns with gestures have faster transitions. Our findings suggest that the coordination of transitions involves not only linguistic resources but also visual gestural ones and that the transition-relevance places in turns are multimodal in nature.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction’.
Medical Mistrust, Racism, and Delays in Preventive Health Screening Among African-American Men
Creators: name: Joslyn, A.
name: Powell, W.
name: Yen, I.
name: Corbie-Smith, G.
name: Richmond, J.
name: Mohottige, D.
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2019

description: The contribution of medical mistrust to healthcare utilization delays has gained increased public health attention. However, few studies examine these associations among African-American men, who delay preventive healthcare more often and report higher levels of medical mistrust than non-Hispanic White men. Additionally, studies rarely account for other factors reportedly working in tandem with medical mistrust to increase African-American men’s preventive health screening delays (i.e., everyday racism and perceived racism in healthcare). We examined associations between medical mistrust, perceived racism in healthcare, everyday racism, and preventive health screening delays. Analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data from 610 African-American men aged 20 years and older recruited primarily from barbershops in four US regions (2003–2009). Independent variables were medical mistrust (MM), everyday racism (ER), and perceived racism in healthcare (PRH). Dependent variables were self-reported routine checkup, blood pressure screening, and cholesterol screening delays. Using multiple logistic regression and tests for mediation, we calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess associations between the independent and dependent variables. After final adjustment, African-American men with higher MM were significantly more likely to delay blood pressure screenings. Men with more frequent ER exposure were significantly more likely to delay routine checkups and blood pressure screenings. Higher levels of PRH were associated with a significant increased likelihood of delaying cholesterol screening. MM did not mediate associations between ER and screening delays. Increasing preventive health screening among African-American men requires addressing medical mistrust and racism in and outside healthcare institutions.