cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast event-based epidemiological simulations on national scales
Creators: name: Bauer, Pavol
name: Engblom, Stefan
name: Widgren, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a computational modeling framework for data-driven simulations and analysis of infectious disease spread in large populations. For the purpose of efficient simulations, we devise a parallel solution algorithm targeting multi-socket shared memory architectures. The model integrates infectious dynamics as continuous-time Markov chains and available data such as animal movements or aging are incorporated as externally defined events. To bring out parallelism and accelerate the computations, we decompose the spatial domain and optimize cross-boundary communication using dependency-aware task scheduling. Using registered livestock data at a high spatio-temporal resolution, we demonstrate that our approach not only is resilient to varying model configurations, but also scales on all physical cores at realistic work loads. Finally, we show that these very features enable the solution of inverse problems on national scales.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
Differential Inclusion using Matrix Exponential
Creators: name: Massé, Damien
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Matrix Exponentiation
subject: Differential Inclusion
subject: Guaranteed Integration
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: [no abstract available]
Leveraging auxiliary data to improve precision in inverse probability-weighted analyses
Creators: name: Cole, S.R.
name: Zalla, L.C.
name: Yang, J.Y.
name: Edwards, J.K.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2022

description: Purpose: To demonstrate improvements in the precision of inverse probability-weighted estimators by use of auxiliary variables, i.e., determinants of the outcome that are independent of treatment, missingness or selection. Methods: First with simulated data, and then with public data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we estimated the mean of a continuous outcome using inverse probability weights to account for informative missingness. We assessed gains in precision resulting from the inclusion of auxiliary variables in the model for the weights. We compared the performance of robust and nonparametric bootstrap variance estimators in this setting. Results: We found that the inclusion of auxiliary variables reduced the empirical variance of inverse probability-weighted estimators. However, that reduction was not captured in standard errors computed using the robust variance estimator, which is widely used in weighted analyses due to the non-independence of weighted observations. In contrast, a nonparametric bootstrap estimator properly captured the precision gain. Conclusions: Epidemiologists can leverage auxiliary data to improve the precision of weighted estimators by using bootstrap variance estimation, or a closed-form variance estimator that properly accounts for the estimation of the weights, in place of the standard robust variance estimator.
Interval-based Global Localization in Building Maps
Creators: name: Ehambram, Aaronkumar
name: Jaulin, Luc
name: Wagner, Bernardo
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Interval Analysis
subject: Global Localization
subject: Odometry
subject: Building Maps
subject: Robotics
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: [no abstract available]
Examining prejudicial beliefs as a kind of epistemically unwarranted belief
Creators: name: Lobato, Emilio Jon Christopher
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This project is explicitly examining the degree to which prejudicial empirical claims are related to or are dissimilar from previously studied epistemically unwarranted beliefs.
Diplodontus silvestrii Daday 1898
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Diplodontus
Diplodontus silvestrii

description: Diplodontus silvestrii (Daday, 1898)
New records: India, Assam State, Kamrup district, SW of Guwahati city, Deeper Beel wetland, between the water hyacinth Eichhornia corniculata, 26.10903N 91.68359E, 37 m asl., 3. iii. 2010, leg. Bordoloi, 0/1/0 (mounted).
Records from the study area: Kerala, Karnataka—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, China.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Particle Dynamics Around Weakly Magnetized Reissner-Nordström Black Hole
Creators: name: Majeed, Bushra
name: Jamil, Mubasher
name: Hussain, Saqib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering the geometry of Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole immersed in magnetic field we have studied the dynamics of neutral and charged particles. A collision of particles in the inner stable circular orbit is considered and the conditions for the escape of colliding particles from the vicinity of black hole are given. The trajectories of the escaping particle are discussed. Also the velocity required for this escape is calculated. It is observed that there are more than one stable regions if magnetic field is present in the accretion disk of black hole so the stability of ISCO increases in the presence of magnetic field. Effect of magnetic field on the angular motion of neutral and charged particles is observed graphically.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, version accepted for publication in 'Advances in High Energy Physics'
Novel 2-substituted-5-(4-chloro-2-phenoxy)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, ligands of GABAa/benzodiazepine receptor complex: design, synthesis, radioligand binding assay, and pharmacological evaluation
Creators: name: Rezaee, Elham
name: Ahmadi, Fatemeh
name: Shabaninia, Mahsa
name: Khoramjouy, Mona
name: Azizi Farsani, Zahra
name: Shahhosseini, Soraya
name: Tabatabai, Sayyed Abbas
name: Faizi, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: benzodiazepine
binding assay
1,3,4-oxadiazole
docking
hypnotic
anticonvulsant

description: Agonists of Benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor are exhaustively used in the control of muscle spasms, seizure, anxiety, and insomnia. BZDs have some unwanted effects; therefore, the development of new BZD receptor agonists with better efficacy and fewer unwanted effects is one of the subjects of interest. In this study, based on the pharmacophore/receptor model of the BZD binding site of GABAA receptors, a series of new 2-substituted-5-(4-chloro-2-phenoxy)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (6a-f) were designed. Energy minima conformers of the designed compounds and diazepam were well matched in conformational analysis and showed proper interaction with the BZD-binding site of the GABAA receptor model (α1β2ϒ2) in docking studies. The designed compounds were synthesized in acceptable yield and evaluated for their in vitro affinity to the benzodiazepine receptor of rat brains by radioligand receptor binding assay. The results demonstrated that the affinities of most of the novel compounds were even higher than diazepam. The novel compound 6a with the best affinity in radioligand receptor binding assay (Ki=0.44 nM and IC50= 0.73±0.17 nM) had considerable hypnotic activity and weak anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects with no negative effect on memory in animal models. Flumazenil as a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist was able to prevent hypnotic and anticonvulsant effects of 6a indicating the role of BZD receptors in these effects.
description: EXCLI Journal; 22:Doc250; ISSN 1611-2156
Role of Pentoxifylline and Pulse Steroid Therapy in Managing Covid 19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: An Observational Study
Creators: name: Rishav Mukherjee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: This hospital based observational study was done to evaluate the role of pentoxifylline and single dose pulse steroid in Covid 19 patients, where the patients were categorized according to the severity of the disease and their demographics and their association with co-morbidities. Pentoxifylline is a methyl-xanthine derivative and has been seen to have many properties like hemorheological effects, immune modulation,and inhibitory effects on TNF Alpha.(1) Pulse steroid on the other hand can attenuate the overall inflammatory response in the body.OBJECTIVES:● Studying the Covid 19 patients in relation to their demographic data, co-morbidity associations, and severity of the disease process.● Observing the role of pentoxifylline in all patients and the effectiveness of a pulse steroid in moderate to severe patients,on the basis of final outcome in terms of death, discharge or transfer to CCU facilities, duration of stay in a tertiary care centre.METHODS: Hospital based cross sectional study conducted among 60 RT-PCR confirmed Covid 19 afflicted patients, from 15th July to 10th August, 2020 were taken into the study,and classified into disease categories, at admission as per MOHFW, Government of India guidelines.2 Moderate & Severe Category patients were administered Pentoxifylline and Single Dose pulse steroid along with standard therapy.RESULTS: After adding these two drugs in the patients of this study along with standard therapy, the mortality rate observed was less compared to the national rate and the duration of hospitalization was shortened to 12 days, and less number of transfers to critical care units was observed among moderate- severe category patients.CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline and Pulse steroid therapy due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, immune-modulatory, bronchodilator and respiratory supportive effects offers a protective role in Covid 19 case managemen
title: Διατροφή και διάθεση
title: Food and mood
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ντρίνια, Γεωργία
name: Παλτά, Ξανθίππη
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2024
Subjects: Διατροφή
Διάθεση
Νευροδιαβιβαστές
Κατάθλιψη
Άγχος

description: Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται προσπάθεια τεκμηρίωσης ή κατάρριψης θεωριών που συνδέουν την κατανάλωση ορισμένων τροφίμων με τη διάθεση του ατόμου. Συγκεκριμένα, γίνεται αναφορά στους πέντε κύριους νευροδιαβιβαστές του κεντρικού νευρικού συστήματος και αναλύεται τόσο η διεγερτική όσο και η ανασταλτική τους δράση, ανάλογα με το είδος του τροφίμου που καταναλώνεται. Εξετάζεται η σημαντικότητα ορισμένων μικροθρεπτικών συστατικών στην βέλτιστη λειτουργία του κεντρικού και περιφερικού συστήματος και οι κίνδυνοι από την ανεπαρκή πρόσληψή τους. Στη συνέχεια, εξετάζεται η επιρροή των υδατανθράκων και των πολυακόρεστων λιπαρών οξέων στη διάθεση. Παρουσιάζονται τα δύο βασικά διατροφικά πρότυπα, το Μεσογειακό και το Δυτικό και τα θετικά και αρνητικά, αντίστοιχα, αποτελέσματα που απορρέουν από την εφαρμογή τους. Ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα αποδίδεται στην έννοια του «comfort food» και του συναισθηματικού φαγητού που συνδυάζουν την αδυναμία διαχείρισης συναισθημάτων και την πραγματική ανάγκη για κατανάλωση τροφής. Επιπρόσθετα, γίνεται λόγος για τις ευεργετικές ιδιότητες των καφεϊνούχων ποτών (καφές-τσάι), της σοκολάτας και του κρασιού, καθώς και για τις επιπτώσεις της υπέρμετρης πρόσληψης αυτών. Ύστερα από ενδελεχή ανασκόπηση και συγκριτική μελέτη πρόσφατων ερευνών, έγινε αντιληπτή η τάση για αυξανόμενο επιστημονικό ενδιαφέρον για τον ρόλο της διατροφής στην ψυχική υγεία και την προληπτική ιατρική. Αν και η έρευνα στο πεδίο αυτό φαίνεται να ακμάζει, πολλά είναι ακόμα άγνωστα και έτσι κρίνεται απαραίτητη η περεταίρω διερεύνηση του θέματος.
Optimizing a Habit-Formation Intervention With Motivational and Volitional Behavior Change Techniques
Creators: name: Lamoureux, Nicholas
name: Hastings, Bryce
name: More, Kimberly R.
name: Dixon, Philip
name: Ellingson, Laura
name: Meyer, Jacob
name: Leigh A [PSYCH] Phillips
name: Welk, Gregory
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This project is a full-factorial experimental test of techniques to help individuals form exercise habits.
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.3.3.1: Eutrophication and nutrient deposition
Creators: name: Vandvik, Vigdis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.3.3.1 assesses the role of eutrophication and nutrient deposition as drivers of biological invasions. The experts conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review consists in the main source of evidence for the section.
title: Ολοκληρωμένος οδηγός ταινιών στον παγκόσμιο ιστό
title: Complete guide to movies on the worldwide web
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Διατσίγκος, Ιωάννης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Εξατομίκευση
subject: AI
subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Movies library
subject: Movies
subject: Web app

description: Η παρούσα πτυχιακή επιδιώκει να εξερευνήσει και να παρουσιάσει μια πρωτοποριακή εφαρμογή στον τομέα της αναζήτησης και διαχείρισης ταινιών. Επικεντρωνόμενη στην παροχή μιας ολοκληρωμένης και διαδραστικής εμπειρίας για τον χρήστη, η εν λόγω εφαρμογή αναπτύσσεται με την ενσωμάτωση εκτεταμένων πληροφοριών από την βάση δεδομένων The Movie Database (TMDB) και μια προσωποποιημένη βάση δεδομένων. Η διαδραστικότητα ενισχύεται μέσω μιας λειτουργίας τεχνητής νοημοσύνης (AI), παρέχοντας στους χρήστες τη δυνατότητα διαλόγου για ερωτήσεις σχετικά με ταινίες, προσφέροντας έτσι μια εξατομικευμένη και βαθύτερη εμπειρία. Η εφαρμογή επικεντρώνεται στις προτάσεις ταινιών με βάση τις πιο υψηλές βαθμολογίες, τις ταινίες που παίζουνε τώρα στο κινηματογράφο, καθώς και αυτές που θα παιχτούν στο σύντομο μέλλον. Η εξατομίκευση προσφέρει μια τρομερή εμπειρία στον χρήστη καθώς με βάση την ταινία που επιλέγει να βάλει στη βιβλιοθήκη του προτείνονται μια σειρά από παρόμοιες ταινίες.
An anxiety-like phenotype in mice selectively bred for aggression
Creators: name: Wetsel, William C.
name: Rodriguiz, Ramona M.
name: Nehrenberg, Derrick L.
name: Lauder, Jean M.
name: Zhang, Xiaodong
name: Cyr, Michel
name: Gariépy, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Using selective bi-directional breeding procedures, two different lines of mice were developed. The NC900 line is highly reactive and attacks their social partners without provocation, whereas aggression in NC100 animals is uncommon in social environments. The enhanced reactivity of NC900 mice suggests that emotionality may have been selected with aggression. As certain forms of anxiety promote exaggerated defensive responses, we tested NC900 mice for the presence of an anxiety-like phenotype. In the open field, light-dark exploration, and zero maze tests, NC900 mice displayed anxiety-like responses. These animals were less responsive to the anxiolytic actions of diazepam in the zero maze than NC100 animals; diazepam also reduced the reactivity and attack behaviors of NC900 mice. The NC900 mice had reduced diazepam-sensitive GABAA receptor binding in brain regions associated with aggression and anxiety. Importantly, there was a selective reduction in levels of the GABAA receptor α2 subunit protein in NC900 frontal cortex and amygdala; no changes in α1 or γ2 subunit proteins were observed. These findings suggest that reductions in the α2 subunit protein in selected brain regions may underlie the anxiety and aggressive phenotype of NC900 mice. Since anxiety and aggression are comorbid in certain psychiatric conditions, such as borderline personality and posttraumatic stress disorder, investigations with NC900 mice may provide new insights into basic mechanisms that underlie these and related psychiatric conditions.
Impaired sociability and cognitive function in Nrcam-null mice
Creators: name: Maness, Patricia F.
name: Young, Nancy B.
name: Moy, Sheryl S.
name: Nonneman, Randal J.
name: Demyanenko, Galina P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: NRCAM (Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule) has an important role in axonal guidance and the organization of neural circuitry during brain development. Association analyses in human populations have identified NRCAM as a candidate gene for autism susceptibility. In the present study, we evaluated Nrcam-null mice for sociability, social novelty preference, and reversal learning as a model for the social deficits, repetitive behavior, and cognitive rigidity characteristic of autism. Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle responses was also measured, to reflect sensorimotor-gating deficits in autism spectrum disorders. Assays for anxiety-like behavior in an elevated plus maze and open field, motor coordination, and olfactory ability in a buried food test were conducted to provide control measures for the interpretation of results. Overall, the loss of Nrcam led to behavioral alterations in sociability, acquisition of a spatial task, and reversal learning, dependent on sex. In comparison to male wild type mice, male Nrcam-null mutants had significantly decreased sociability in a three-chambered choice task. Low sociability in the male null mutants was not associated with changes in anxiety-like behavior, activity, or motor coordination. Male, but not female, Nrcam-null mice had small decreases in prepulse inhibition. Nrcam deficiency in female mice led to impaired acquisition of spatial learning in the Morris water maze task. Reversal learning deficits were observed in both male and female Nrcam-null mice. These results provide evidence that NRCAM mediates domains of function relevant to symptoms observed in autism.
Age and time horizons on decision-making in the workplace
Creators: name: Growney, Claire
name: Chu, Li
name: Carstensen, Laura
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Social Statistics
subject: socioemotional selectivity theory
subject: work
subject: future time perspective
subject: time horizon
subject: older adult
subject: aging

description: This project aims to better understand how a more age-diverse workplace with different personal and occupational time horizon react to daily work tasks and uncertainty.
Noisy Channel-Output Feedback Capacity of the Linear Deterministic Interference Channel
Creators: name: Quintero, Victor
name: Perlaza, Samir M.
name: Gorce, Jean-Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, the capacity region of the two-user linear deterministic (LD) interference channel with noisy output feedback (IC-NOF) is fully characterized. This result allows the identification of several asymmetric scenarios in which imple- menting channel-output feedback in only one of the transmitter- receiver pairs is as beneficial as implementing it in both links, in terms of achievable individual rate and sum-rate improvements w.r.t. the case without feedback. In other scenarios, the use of channel-output feedback in any of the transmitter-receiver pairs benefits only one of the two pairs in terms of achievable individual rate improvements or simply, it turns out to be useless, i.e., the capacity regions with and without feedback turn out to be identical even in the full absence of noise in the feedback links.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures, see proofs in V. Quintero, S. M. Perlaza, and J.-M. Gorce, "Noisy channel-output feedback capacity of the linear deterministic interference channel," INRIA, Tech. Rep. 456, Jan. 2015. This was submitted and accepted in IEEE ITW 2015
Isomorphism Classes of Idempotent Evolution Algebras
Creators: name: Wei, Yangjiang
name: Zou, Yi Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17D92, 05A05

description: We showed that isomorphism classes of idempotent evolution algebras are in bijection with the orbits of the semidirect product group of the symmetric group and the torus, considered the combinatoric problem of enumeration of isomorphism classes for these algebras over arbitrary finite fields, derived a general counting formula, and obtained explicit formulas for the numbers of isomorphism classes in dimensions 2, 3, and 4 over any finite field.
Critical Information Literacy Online: A Content Analysis of Digital Library Instruction Material
Creators: name: Saroza, Cas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: Academic libraries
Content analysis (Communication)
Learning

description: This study examined library instructional materials for evidence of critical information literacy in American four-year institutions and two-year junior and community colleges as defined by the Carnegie Classification system. By conducting a content analysis and using simple random sampling of 10 instructional offerings on library websites, I performed counts of mentions of race, class, and gender in information literacy instruction and performed a close reading of samples to code for relevant themes. Results indicate that while there is no core way critical information literacy is implemented into online content, two-year institutions are doing so at levels previously undiscovered in the literature. However, discussion of biased and harmful information, as well as representation, were popular forms of incorporating critical information literacy. This study fills a gap in the literature by exploring critical information literacy in a digital setting and functions as a basis for future research avenues for critical librarians.
Ecuador Malaria data
Creators: name: Navas, Andrea Lucia Araujo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Education
subject: land change
subject: vivax
subject: land use
subject: falciparum
subject: malaria
subject: climate

description: Malaria data from the Ecuadorian Amazon consisting in number of cases by census areas and epiweeks.
Dopaminergic dysregulation in mice selectively bred for excessive exercise or obesity
Creators: name: Hua, Kunjie
name: Mathes, Wendy Foulds
name: Nehrenberg, Derrick L.
name: Gordon, Ryan
name: Garland, Theodore
name: Pomp, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Dysregulation of the dopamine system is linked to various aberrant behaviors, including addiction, compulsive exercise, and hyperphagia leading to obesity. The goal of the present experiments was to determine how dopamine contributes to the expression of opposing phenotypes, excessive exercise and obesity. We hypothesized that similar alterations in dopamine and dopamine-related gene expression may underly obesity and excessive exercise, as competing traits for central reward pathways. Moreover, we hypothesized that selective breeding for high levels of exercise or obesity may have influenced genetic variation controlling these pathways, manifesting as opposing complex traits. Dopamine, dopamine-related peptide concentrations, and gene expression were evaluated in dorsal striatum (DS) and nucleus accumbens (NA) of mice from lines selectively bred for high rates of wheel running (HR) or obesity (M16), and the non-selected ICR strain from which these lines were derived. HPLC analysis showed significantly greater neurotransmitter concentrations in DS and NA of HR mice compared to M16 and ICR. Microarray analysis showed significant gene expression differences between HR and M16 compared to ICR in both brain areas, with changes revealed throughout the dopamine pathway including D1 and D2 receptors, associated G-proteins (eg. Golf), and adenylate cyclase (eg. Adcy5). The results suggest similar modifications within the dopamine system may contribute to the expression of opposite phenotypes in mice, demonstrating that alterations within central reward pathways can contribute to both obesity and excessive exercise.
Observation of a single-beam gradient force acoustical trap for elastic particles: acoustical tweezers
Creators: name: Baresch, Diego
name: Thomas, Jean-Louis
name: Marchiano, Régis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the trapping of elastic particles by the large gradient force of a single acoustical beam in three dimensions. Acoustical tweezers can push, pull and accurately control both the position and the forces exerted on a unique particle. Forces in excess of 1 micronewton were exerted on polystyrene beads in the sub-millimeter range. A beam intensity less than 50 Watts/cm$^2$ was required ensuring damage-free trapping conditions. The large spectrum of frequencies covered by coherent ultrasonic sources provide a wide variety of manipulation possibilities from macro- to microscopic length scales. Our observations could open the way to important applications, in particular in biology and biophysics at the cellular scale and for the design of acoustical machines in microfluidic environments.
Property-Aware Multi-Speaker Data Simulation: A Probabilistic Modelling Technique for Synthetic Data Generation
Creators: name: Park, Tae Jin
name: Huang, He
name: Hooper, Coleman
name: Koluguri, Nithin
name: Dhawan, Kunal
name: Jukic, Ante
name: Balam, Jagadeesh
name: Ginsburg, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a sophisticated multi-speaker speech data simulator, specifically engineered to generate multi-speaker speech recordings. A notable feature of this simulator is its capacity to modulate the distribution of silence and overlap via the adjustment of statistical parameters. This capability offers a tailored training environment for developing neural models suited for speaker diarization and voice activity detection. The acquisition of substantial datasets for speaker diarization often presents a significant challenge, particularly in multi-speaker scenarios. Furthermore, the precise time stamp annotation of speech data is a critical factor for training both speaker diarization and voice activity detection. Our proposed multi-speaker simulator tackles these problems by generating large-scale audio mixtures that maintain statistical properties closely aligned with the input parameters. We demonstrate that the proposed multi-speaker simulator generates audio mixtures with statistical properties that closely align with the input parameters derived from real-world statistics. Additionally, we present the effectiveness of speaker diarization and voice activity detection models, which have been trained exclusively on the generated simulated datasets.
Brain enlargement and increased behavioral and cytokine reactivity in infant monkeys following acute prenatal endotoxemia
Creators: name: Short, Sarah J.
name: Gilmore, John H.
name: Willette, Auriel A.
name: Coe, Christopher L.
name: Styner, Martin
name: Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.
name: Lubach, Gabriele R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Infections and inflammatory conditions during pregnancy can dysregulate neural development and increase the risk for developing autism and schizophrenia. The following research utilized a nonhuman primate model to investigate the potential impact of a mild endotoxemia during pregnancy on brain maturation and behavioral reactivity as well as the infants’ hormone and immune physiology. Nine pregnant female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were administered nanogram concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on two consecutive days, six weeks before term, and their offspring were compared to nine control animals. When tested under arousing challenge conditions, infants from the LPS pregnancies were more behaviorally disturbed, including a failure to show a normal attenuation of startle responses on tests of prepulse inhibition. Examination of their brains at one year of age with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the unexpected finding of a significant 8.8% increase in global white matter volume distributed across many cortical regions compared to controls. More selective changes in regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness were noted in parietal, medial temporal, and frontal areas. While inhibited neural growth has been described previously after prenatal infection and LPS administration at higher doses in rodents, this low dose endotoxemia in the monkey is the first paradigm to produce a neural phenotype associated with augmented gray and white matter growth.
Control of food intake by MC4-R signaling in the lateral hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens shell and ventral tegmental area: Interactions with ethanol
Creators: name: Carvajal, Francisca
name: de la Fuente, Leticia
name: Thiele, Todd E.
name: de la Torre, Lourdes
name: Lerma-Cabrera, Jose M.
name: Navarro, Montserrat
name: Cubero, Inmaculada
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The Melanocortin system is involved in animal models of obesity and anorexia-cachexia and MC4 receptors (MC4-R) are currently a target system for the development of drugs aimed to treat obesity and eating disorders in humans. Previous evidence suggest that feeding peptides might lack their orexigenic activity while stimulate ethanol intake. The present study comparatively evaluated food intake (4-h interval) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats drinking ethanol (6% w/v, 2 bottle choice paradigm) (EE group) and ethanol-naïve (EN) rats in response to bilateral infusion of the selective MC4-R antagonist HS014 (0, 0.02 or 0.05 μg/0.5μl/site) or the selective MC4-R agonist cyclo(NH-CH2-CH2-CO-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Glu)-NH2 (0, 0.75 or 1.5 μg/0.5μl/site), into the lateral hypothalamus (LH), the nucleus accumbens (NAc), or the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The main findings in the study are: 1) LH-infusions of the MC4-R antagonist increased and the agonist reduced feeding and total calories consumed, while ethanol intake remained unaltered. 2) NAc- and VTA-infusions of the selective agonist reduced food, ethanol and total calories intake. 3) NAc- and VTA-infusions of the MC4-R antagonist increased feeding in EN rats, but not in EE animals which showed a mild increase in ethanol intake, while total calories consumed remained unaltered. Present data show that having ethanol available reduces feeding elicited by NAc and VTA-MC4-R blockade. Additionally, while MC4-R signalling in the LH appears to modulate homeostatic aspects of feeding, it may contribute to non-homeostatic aspects of ingestive behaviours in the VTA and the NAc.
Variability of HgMn stars through the eyes of TESS
Creators: name: Kochukhov, Oleg
name: Khalack, Viktor
name: Kobzar, Oleksandr
name: Labadie-Bartz, Jonathan
name: Shultz, Matthew
name: Neiner, Coralie
name: Paunzen, Ernst
name: David-Uraz, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mercury-manganese (HgMn) stars exhibit distinctive chemical peculiarities marked by an overabundance of Xe, P, Mn, and various heavy elements. Unlike their magnetic counterparts found in similar regions of the HR diagram, HgMn stars lack strong surface magnetic fields. Nonetheless, a subset of these stars displays subtle rotational modulation in spectral line profiles, suggestive of evolving surface spots. This inhomogeneous surface structure yields a faint photometric rotational modulation. The advent of the TESS satellite, conducting high-precision photometric surveys across nearly the entire sky, presents unparalleled opportunities to explore the variability of HgMn stars. Such investigations can constrain the prevalence of surface spot formation and probe variability arising from other phenomena such as pulsations and binarity. In this presentation, I provide an overview of recent studies conducted on HgMn stars utilizing TESS data. Our comprehensive variability survey revealed that up to 84% of HgMn stars exhibit evidence of surface spots and doubled the known population of HgMn stars in eclipsing binaries. Moreover, intriguing instances of ellipsoidal and heartbeat variability have emerged, alongside several cases featuring multi-periodic SPB and tidally-induced pulsations in HgMn stars. Lastly, ongoing research delves into the investigation of long-term spot variability on HgMn stars, leveraging TESS light curves spanning multiple cycles.
Delayed developmental changes in neonatal vocalizations correlates with variations in ventral medial hypothalamus and central amygdala development in the rodent infant: Effects of prenatal cocaine
Creators: name: Makam, P.R.
name: Johns, J.M.
name: Jones, G.F.
name: Zeskind, P.S.
name: Abramowitz, A.C.
name: Hodge, C.W.
name: Sheikh, M.J.
name: Cox, E.T.
name: Jamieson-Drake, A.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: While variations in neonatal distress vocalizations have long been shown to reflect the integrity of nervous system development following a wide range of prenatal and perinatal insults, a paucity of research has explored the neurobiological basis of these variations. To address this, virgin Sprague-Dawley rats were bred and divided into three groups: (1) untreated, (2) chronic-cocaine treated (30mg/kg/day, gestation days (GDs) 1–20); or (3) chronic-saline treated (2mg/kg/day, GDs 1–20). Pregnant dams were injected with Bromodeoxyuridine (10mg/kg) on GDs 13–15 to label proliferating cells in limbic regions of interest. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were recorded on PNDs 1, 14, and 21, from one male and female pup per litter. Variations in acoustic properties of USVs following cocaine-exposure were age and sex-dependent including measures of total number, total duration and amplitude of USVs, and percent of USVs with at least one harmonic. Following USV testing brains were stained with standard fluorescent immunohistochemistry protocols and examined for variations in neuronal development and if variations were associated with acoustic characteristics. Limbic region developmental differences following cocaine-exposure were sex- and age-dependent with variations in the ventral medial hypothalamus and central amygdala correlating with variations in vocalizations on PND 14 and 21. Results suggest maturation of the ventral medial hypothalamus and central amygdala may provide the basis for variations in the sound and production of USVs. As vocalizations may serve as a neurobehavioral marker for nervous system integrity, understanding the neurobiological basis of neonatal vocalizations may provide the basis for early intervention strategies in high-risk infant populations.
Ultrafast flow of interacting organic polaritons
Creators: name: Lerario, Giovanni
name: Ballarini, Dario
name: Fieramosca, Antonio
name: Cannavale, Alessandro
name: Genco, Armando
name: Mangione, Federica
name: Gambino, Salvatore
name: Dominici, Lorenzo
name: De Giorgi, Milena
name: Gigli, Giuseppe
name: Sanvitto, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong-coupling of an excitonic transition with an electromagnetic mode results in composite quasi-particles called exciton-polaritons, which have been shown to combine the best properties of their bare components in semiconductor microcavities. However, the physics and applications of polariton flows in organic materials and at room temperature are still unexplored because of the poor photon confinement in such structures. Here we demonstrate that polaritons formed by the hybridization of organic excitons with a Bloch Surface Wave are able to propagate for hundreds of microns showing remarkable third-order nonlinear interactions upon high injection density. These findings pave the way for the studies of organic nonlinear light-matter fluxes and for a technological promising route of dissipation-less on-chip polariton devices working at room temperature.
description: Improved version with polariton-polariton interactions. 13 pages, 4 figures, supporting 6 pages, 6 figures
Approaches to developing tolerance and error budget for active three mirror anastigmat space telescopes
Creators: name: Choi, Heejoo
name: Kim, Young-Sik
name: Kang, Hyukmo
name: Blomquist, Solvay
name: Tailor, Hill
name: Kelly, Douglas
name: Eiklenborg, Mike
name: Douglas, Ewan S.
name: Kim, Daewook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size of the optics used in observatories is often limited by fabrication, metrology, and handling technology, but having a large primary mirror provides significant benefits for scientific research. The evolution of rocket launch options enables heavy payload carrying on orbit and outstretching the telescope's form-factor choices. Moreover, cost per launch is lower than the traditional flight method, which is obviously advantageous for various novel space observatory concepts. The University of Arizona has successfully fabricated many large-scale primary optics for ground-based observatories including the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT, 8.4 meter diameter two primary mirrors), Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (now renamed to Vera C. Rubin Observatory, 8.4 meter diameter monolithic primary and tertiary mirror), and the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT, 8.4 meter diameter primary mirror seven segments). Launching a monolithic primary mirror into space could bypass many of the difficulties encountered during the assembly and deployment of the segmented primary mirrors. However, it might bring up unprecedented challenges and hurdles, also. We explore and foresee the expected challenges and evaluate them. To estimate the tolerance and optical error budget of a large optical system in space such as three mirror anastigmat telescope, we have developed a methodology that considers various errors from design, fabrication, assembly, and environmental factors.
description: 6 pages, presented August 2023 at SPIE Optics+Photonics, San Diego, CA, USA
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.3.2.3: Mining (minerals, metal, fossils fuels)
Creators: name: Blanchard, Ryan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.3.2.3 Mining (minerals, metal, fossils fuels) assesses the role of resource extraction as a driver of biological invasions for chapter 3 of IPBES thematic assessment of invasive alien species and their control. The experts conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review consists in the main source of evidence for the section.
Increased sensitivity to alcohol induced changes in ERK Map kinase phosphorylation and memory disruption in adolescent as compared to adult C57BL/6J mice
Creators: name: Hodge, Clyde W.
name: Spanos, Marina
name: Besheer, Joyce
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Adolescence is a critical period of brain development that is accompanied by increased probability of risky behavior, such as alcohol use. Emerging research indicates that adolescents are differentially sensitive to the behavioral effects of acute ethanol as compared to adults but the neurobiological mechanisms of this effect remain to be fully elucidated. This study was designed to evaluate effects of acute ethanol on extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2) in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. We also sought to determine if age-specific effects of ethanol on p-ERK1/2 are associated with ethanol-induced behavioral deficits on acquisition of the hippocampal-dependent novel object recognition (NOR) test. Adolescent and adult C57BL/6J mice were administered acute ethanol (0 0.5, 1, or 3 g/kg, i.p.). Brains were removed 30-min post injection and processed for analysis of p-ERK1/2 immunoreactivity (IR). Additional groups of mice were administered ethanol (0 or 1 g/kg) prior to the NOR test. Analysis of p-ERK1/2 IR showed that untreated adolescent mice had significantly higher levels of p-ERK1/2 IR in the nucleus accumbens shell, basolateral amygdala (BLA), central amygdala (CeA), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as compared to adults. Ethanol (1 g/kg) selectively reduced p-ERK1/2 IR in the dentate gyrus and increased p-ERK1/2 IR in the BLA only in adolescent mice. Ethanol (3 g/kg) produced the same effects on p-ERK1/2 IR in both age groups with increases in CeA and mPFC, but a decrease in the dentate gyrus, as compared to age-matched saline controls. Pretreatment with ethanol (1 g/kg) disrupted performance on the NOR test specifically in adolescents, which corresponds with the ethanol-induced inhibition of p-ERK1/2 IR in the hippocampus. These data show that adolescent mice have differential expression of basal p-ERK1/2 IR in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. Acute ethanol produces a unique set of changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the adolescent brain that are associated with disruption of hippocampal-dependent memory acquisition.
Breaking a Vicious Cycle: Silence and the Corporate Archive
Creators: name: Witt, Michelle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: Archival theory
Corporate archives
Corporate archivists

description: The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of archival silence, defined as the intentional and unintentional gaps and biases that challenge the integrity and sustainability of archival collections, through the prism of corporate archives. Through in-depth, semistructured interviews with corporate archivists, this research involves an exploratory study of the obstacles these archivists face in identifying, preserving, and fostering access to assets of enduring value to their parent organizations. By analyzing their insights on appraisal, accession, custody, and access, this research seeks to shed light on the common ground corporate archives share with other archives, and forge a path toward a new understanding of how corporate archives professionals might break the silence of the archive.
Containers, HPC, and Cloud: A personal interpretation of "Reinventing HPC"
Creators: name: Marazakis, Manolis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: containers
orchestration
HPC
cloud

description: This year's theme at ISC is "Reinventing HPC", with particular emphasis onintegrating AI-driven applications and quantum computing. Among otherchallenges, this broader scope of high-performance computing points to theneed to evolve the systems software infrastructure. This talk provides a systems software architect's perspective on engineering HPC systems with more versatility in anticipation of increasingly diverse workloads and complex execution platforms in HPC centers. Rather than installing and maintaining one single software stack, this talk proposes shifting the emphasis more on the capacity to build and maintain multiple software stacks that serve specialized computational and data processing workloads that encompass classic HPC together with Cloud and AI.This envisioned shift also points to the ability to utilize computing nodes based on heterogeneous technologies, with complex memory/storage system requirements. Moreover, upcoming HPC systems are expected to operate not only as primaryexecution environments but also as part of workflows that span a computing continuum. This talk concludes by highlighting capabilities and challenges related to the evolution of container technology and the convergence of HPC and Cloud platforms.
The CHiME-7 Challenge: System Description and Performance of NeMo Team's DASR System
Creators: name: Park, Tae Jin
name: Huang, He
name: Jukic, Ante
name: Dhawan, Kunal
name: Puvvada, Krishna C.
name: Koluguri, Nithin
name: Karpov, Nikolay
name: Laptev, Aleksandr
name: Balam, Jagadeesh
name: Ginsburg, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the NVIDIA NeMo team's multi-channel speech recognition system for the 7th CHiME Challenge Distant Automatic Speech Recognition (DASR) Task, focusing on the development of a multi-channel, multi-speaker speech recognition system tailored to transcribe speech from distributed microphones and microphone arrays. The system predominantly comprises of the following integral modules: the Speaker Diarization Module, Multi-channel Audio Front-End Processing Module, and the ASR Module. These components collectively establish a cascading system, meticulously processing multi-channel and multi-speaker audio input. Moreover, this paper highlights the comprehensive optimization process that significantly enhanced our system's performance. Our team's submission is largely based on NeMo toolkits and will be publicly available.
DIGITAL LABOR PLATFORMS’ ALGORITHMS AS BOTH HIERARCHY AND MARKET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Creators: name: Robinson, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital labor platforms
Algorithms
Employees

description: Digital labor platforms use algorithmic management to simultaneously manage their
internal marketplaces and act as the direct supervisors to their workers. This coexistence
of market and hierarchy functions begs the question, “How does algorithmic management
in the digital labor platform economy inherit hierarchical management and market
management structures?” I utilized qualitative methods to analyze data covering both the
workers’ and platforms’ perspectives for 23 separate platforms to establish an expanded
framework within the dichotomy of market vs hierarchy management. This expanded
framework yielded 14 lower order and 5 higher order themes to better understand specific
manifestations of market and hierarchy management across a range of platforms. In my
discussion, I consider how this framework fits into the existing literature for algorithmic
management, describe the lack of mutual exclusivity between new themes, and discuss
variations in monitoring and control mechanisms depending on the nature of the task.