cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Japanese Newspapers
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Newspapers
Newspaper publishing--Economic aspects
Japanese newspapers
Japanese newspapers--Circulation
Mass media--Economic aspects

description: In 2017, Japanese newspaper advertising revenue, adjusted for inflation, was only half as great as at its 1997 mini-peak. Japanese newspaper circulation also peaked in 1997, and in the two decades since then has fallen by about one-fourth (counting a morning-and-evening subscription as two, by one-fifth if counting it as one). Based on the inferences in this paper, underlying these recent changes in Japanese newspaper revenue and circulation is an 83% decrease in the demand for newspaper ads from 1997 to 2017, and a 26% decrease in demand for newspaper subscriptions, measured at the 1997 inflation-adjusted prices of ads and subscriptions. The fall in demand for newspaper ads can be directly linked to the rise of the internet using an autoregressive distributed lag model.
Lattice Model of Glasses
Creators: name: Cellai, Davide
name: Fima, Andrzej Z.
name: Lawlor, Aonghus
name: Dawson, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glass-forming liquids have been extensively studied in recent decades, but there is still no theory that fully describes these systems, and the diversity of treatments is in itself a barrier to understanding. Here we introduce a new simple model that (possessing both liquid-crystal and glass transition) unifies different approaches, producing most of the phenomena associated with real glasses, without loss of the simplicity that theorists require. Within the model we calculate energy relaxation, non-exponential slowing phenomena, the Kauzmann temperature and other classical signatures. Moreover, the model reproduces a sub-diffusive exponent observed in experiments of dense systems. The simplicity of the model allows us to identify the microscopic origin of glassification, leaving open the possibility for theorists to make further progress.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 1 of Controlled-release hydromorphone and risk of infection in adults: a systematic review
Creators: name: Tricco, Andrea C.
name: Parker, Amanda
name: Hezam, Areej
name: Nincic, Vera
name: Yazdi, Fatemeh
name: Lai, Yonda
name: Harris, Charmalee
name: Bouck, Zachary
name: Bayoumi, Ahmed M.
name: Straus, Sharon E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary file and appendices
Gate-activated photoresponse in a graphene p-n junction
Creators: name: Lemme, M. C.
name: Koppens, F. H. L.
name: Falk, A. L.
name: Rudner, M. S.
name: Park, H.
name: Levitov, L. S.
name: Marcus, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study photodetection in graphene near a local electrostatic gate, which enables active control of the potential landscape and carrier polarity. We find that a strong photoresponse only appears when and where a p-n junction is formed, allowing on-off control of photodetection. Photocurrents generated near p-n junctions do not require biasing and can be realized using submicron gates. Locally modulated photoresponse enables a new range of applications for graphene-based photodetectors including, for example, pixilated infrared imaging with control of response on subwavelength dimensions.
The 2010 Applied Linguistics and Language Education (APPLE) Award Winning Papers
Creators: name: Gardner, Amanda
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Applied linguistics
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
Motivation in education--Study and teaching
Second language acquisition

description: “Why am I learning this language? How is my language learning affected by my attitudes and my context?” For the average second language (L2) learner, these questions are probably not often considered in such an explicit fashion. For L2 educators and L2 motivation researchers,  however, these student-centered questions are urgent and ever-present. From my own experience, teaching English to speakers of other languages across different contexts has presented vastly differing pictures of L2 learner motivation. What is it that makes teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) to first-generation Hispanic immigrant students so different from teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to sub-Saharan African students? From an anecdotal standpoint, the answer appears to lie in the understanding of motivation within context: which students have it, why they have it, and how to inspire the same, if possible, in other learners. Thus, as “numerous studies have provided statistical evidence that indicates motivation is a predictor of language-learning success,” L2 motivation research seems well worth examining in greater detail for both language researchers and language teachers alike (Gass & Selinker, 2009, p. 426).
Additional file 1 of K-means clustering of outpatient prescription claims for health insureds in Iran
Creators: name: Momahhed, Shekoofeh Sadat
name: Emamgholipour Sefiddashti, Sara
name: Minaei, Behrouz
name: Shahali, Zahra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix table S1. K-means method descriptive statistics for the second cluster of the low risk class. Appendix table S2. K-means method descriptive statistics for the third cluster of the low risk class. Appendix table S3. K-means method descriptive statistics for the second cluster of the middle risk class. Appendix table S4. K-means method descriptive statistics for the third cluster of the middle risk class. Appendix table S5. K-means method descriptive statistics for the second cluster of the high risk class. Appendix table S6. K-means method descriptive statistics for the third cluster of the high risk class.
Halpha and 4000 Angstrom Break Measurements for ~3500 K-selected Galaxies at 0.5
Creators: name: Kriek, Mariska
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Brammer, Gabriel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure spectral features of ~3500 K-selected galaxies at 0.5
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; high-resolution version can be downloaded at https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~mkriek/papers/
Plenary Speeches Given by Prof. Nick Ellis and Dr. Boping Yuan at the Inaugural Conference of the Teachers College, Columbia University Roundtable in Second Language Studies (TCCRISLS)
Creators: name: Wai Man Lew, Adrienne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition--Methodology
English language--Study and teaching
Chinese language

description: Students from our doctoral seminar in Second Language Acquisition (SLA), guided by the vision from Prof. ZhaoHong Han, organized the world’s first conference on the acquisition of Chinese as a second or foreign language, which took place from September 30 to October 2, 2010.

As noted by Teachers College President Susan Fuhrman in her opening speech for the conference, “there could not be a better moment to focus on the growing role that China and Chinese will play in all our lives.”

The three-day conference attracted proposal submissions from the USA, Mainland China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Australia, Ireland and so on, with close to 100 being eventually accepted for paper and poster sessions beginning the second day. These accepted proposals covered a diverse range of empirical interests, including repeated reading and vocabulary acquisition, the roles and functions of L2 input and output, L2 phonological acquisition, and the role of linguistic relativity in the acquisition of motion verbs among L2 learners of Chinese.

The two-day pre-conference workshop on task-based language teaching (TBLT), starting September 30, demonstrated how theoretical concepts and constructs in SLA such as the Cognition Hypothesis, task complexity, etc., could fuel the actual design of learning tasks of the lessons for any L2 class. Led by Prof. ZhaoHong Han and K. Philip Choong, one of the conference co-chairs, the participants experienced first-hand how they could link theory to pedagogy ─ through getting down to design their own learning task(s) ─ with their specific groups of learners in mind.

The highlights of the conference, in particular, were the two plenary sessions, both aiming to facilitate the conference attendees to make the crucial connections between theoretical concepts and empirical findings in SLA, and real-life classroom instruction and applications – albeit on somewhat different levels.
An Interview with APPLE Lecture 2011 Guest Speaker Prof. Tom Cobb
Creators: name: Sun, Yayun Anny
name: Park, Mi Sun
name: Wai Man Lew, Adrienne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Corpora (Linguistics)
Technological innovations
Educational technology

description: The past decade has witnessed the exponential growth of technologies for vocabulary learning, and a revived interest in the applications of corpus linguistics. The TESOL/AL Web Journal team (represented by Anny Sun and Mi Sun Park) was thrilled to meet Prof. Tom Cobb, the APPLE Lecture speaker this year, for an informative session about his expertise in these two areas. One of the most well-known accomplishments of Prof. Cobb is his website, The Compleat Lexical Tutor, which attracts over 2,000 hits daily. While the focus of his APPLE Lecture was more on the application of the materials and programs at his website, here at the interview we were glad to see how he connects theory to practice.

We would like to express our appreciation to Prof. Cobb for agreeing to speak with us amid his busy schedule on the day of the Lecture. We would also like to thank Prof. Michael Kieffer, as well as Sarah Creider and Catherine Box, Program Associates for TESOL and Applied Linguistics, for coordinating the event.
Estimation of the effect of hyperonic three-body forces on the maximum mass of neutron stars
Creators: name: Vidana, Isaac
name: Logoteta, Domenico
name: Providencia, Constanza
name: Polls, Artur
name: Bombaci, Ignazio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model based on a microscopic Brueckner--Hartree--Fock approach of hyperonic matter supplemented with additional simple phenomenological density-dependent contact terms is employed to estimate the effect of hyperonic three-body forces on the maximum mass of neutron stars. Our results show that although hyperonic three-body forces can reconcile the maximum mass of hyperonic stars with the current limit of $1.4-1.5 M_\odot$, they are unable to provide the repulsion needed to make the maximum mass compatible with the observation of massive neutron stars, such as the recent measurements of the unusually high masses of the millisecond pulsars PSR J1614-2230 ($1.97 \pm 0.04 M_\odot$) and PSR J1903+0327 ($1.667 \pm 0.021 M_\odot$).
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in EPL
From Weak- to Strong-Coupling Mesoscopic Fermi Liquids
Creators: name: Liu, Dong E.
name: Burdin, Sébastien
name: Baranger, Harold U.
name: Ullmo, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study mesoscopic fluctuations in a system in which there is a continuous connection between two distinct Fermi liquids, asking whether the mesoscopic variation in the two limits is correlated. The particular system studied is an Anderson impurity coupled to a finite mesoscopic reservoir described by random matrix theory, a structure which can be realized using quantum dots. We use the slave boson mean field approach to connect the levels of the uncoupled system to those of the strong coupling Nozières Fermi liquid. We find strong but not complete correlation between the mesoscopic properties in the two limits and several universal features.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Pattern formation in oscillatory complex networks consisting of excitable nodes
Creators: name: Xuhong, Liao
name: Qinzhi, Xia
name: Yu, Qian
name: Lisheng, Zhang
name: Gang, Hu
name: Yuanyuan, Mi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Oscillatory dynamics of complex networks has recently attracted great attention. In this paper we study pattern formation in oscillatory complex networks consisting of excitable nodes. We find that there exist a few center nodes and small skeletons for most oscillations. Complicated and seemingly random oscillatory patterns can be viewed as well-organized target waves propagating from center nodes along the shortest paths, and the shortest loops passing through both the center nodes and their driver nodes play the role of oscillation sources. Analyzing simple skeletons we are able to understand and predict various essential properties of the oscillations and effectively modulate the oscillations. These methods and results will give insights into pattern formation in complex networks, and provide suggestive ideas for studying and controlling oscillations in neural networks.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
Additional file 1 of Bayesian regularization to predict neuropsychiatric adverse events in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy
Creators: name: Truong, Van Thi Thanh
name: Green, Charles
name: Pedroza, Claudia
name: Hwang, Lu-Yu
name: Rajan, Suja S.
name: Suchting, Robert
name: Cinciripini, Paul
name: Tyndale, Rachel F.
name: Lerman, Caryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary result tables.
Initial Semantics for higher-order typed syntax in Coq
Creators: name: Ahrens, Benedikt
name: Zsido, Julianna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68Q55, 03B70

description: Initial Semantics aims at characterizing the syntax associated to a signature as the initial object of some category. We present an initial semantics result for typed higher-order syntax together with its formalization in the Coq proof assistant. The main theorem was first proved on paper in the second author's PhD thesis in 2010, and verified formally shortly afterwards. To a simply-typed binding signature S over a fixed set T of object types we associate a category called the category of representations of S. We show that this category has an initial object Sigma(S). From its construction it will be clear that the object Sigma(S) merits the name abstract syntax associated to S. Our theorem is implemented and proved correct in the proof assistant Coq through heavy use of dependent types. The approach through monads gives rise to an implementation of syntax where both terms and variables are intrinsically typed, i.e. where the object types are reflected in the meta-level types. This article is to be seen as a research article rather than about the formalization of a classical mathematical result. The nature of our theorem - involving lengthy, technical proofs and complicated algebraic structures - makes it particularly interesting for formal verification. Our goal is to promote the use of computer theorem provers as research tools, and, accordingly, a new way of publishing mathematical results: a parallel description of a theorem and its formalization should allow the verification of correct transcription of definitions and statements into the proof assistant, and straightforward but technical proofs should be well-hidden in a digital library. We argue that Coq's rich type theory, combined with its various features such as implicit arguments, allows a particularly readable formalization and is hence well-suited for communicating mathematics.
description: Article as published in JFR (cf. Journal ref). Features some more examples
Austin Metro Area Community Workforce Plan Year Two Evaluation Report
Creators: name: Cumpton, Greg
name: Juniper, Cynthia
name: Patnaik, Ashweeta
Publisher: name: Ray Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources, The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Workforce Development

description: The Ray Marshall Center (RMC) has partnered with Workforce Solutions Capital Area (WFSCA) to evaluate the progress of the Austin Metro Area Master Community Workforce Plan. The objective of the Master Plan is to effectively engage employers, community-based organizations, and educational institutions to more efficiently match employers’ skill needs and successfully prepare economically disadvantaged residents for family-sustaining careers. The RMC will investigate the educational and labor market outcomes of workforce development program participants, as well as variations in such results associated with demographic, personal, educational, and programmatic service regimes of the participants. RMC staff will work with WFSCA staff and area training providers to identify paths to the successful implementation of the Master Plan.
Overcoming Impediments to Offshore Carbon Dioxide Storage: Legal Issues in the U.S. and Canada
Creators: name: Webb, Romany M.
name: Gerrard, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestration--Law and legislation
Climate change mitigation
Environmental law

description: Limiting future temperature increases and associated climate change requires immediate action to prevent additional carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere and lower the existing atmospheric carbon dioxide load. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, to remain within the 2 degrees Celsius temperature threshold set in the Paris Agreement, emissions must be reduced to “net zero” by mid-century or shortly thereafter and then go “net negative.” This goal could be advanced through carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves collecting carbon dioxide that would otherwise be released by power plants or similar facilities and injecting it into underground geologic formations, where it will remain permanently sequestered. The techniques developed for CCS can also be used to sequester carbon dioxide that has been removed from the atmosphere using direct air capture or other negative emission technologies

To ensure CCS delivers lasting climate benefits, injection sites must be carefully selected to avoid leakage of carbon dioxide. One promising option involves injecting carbon dioxide offshore, into sub-seabed geologic formations comprised of basalt rock, which has been shown to react with carbon dioxide, converting it into an immovable solid and thereby substantially reducing the potential for leakage. This paper explores the legal framework governing offshore CCS in U.S. and Canadian waters. Particular attention is devoted to waters off the west coast, adjacent to Washington State in the U.S. and British Columbia in Canada, where there is a large sub-seabed basalt rock formation (the Cascadia basin) with significant carbon dioxide storage potential

Neither the U.S. nor Canada has enacted comprehensive legislation specific to offshore CCS, resulting in significant uncertainty as to how future projects will be regulated. Projects may be subject to a patchwork of general laws that were developed for other activities and are often poorly suited to regulating offshore CCS. Indeed, the laws currently prohibit some offshore CCS projects entirely, and impose unnecessarily burdensome restrictions on others. Unless and until these issues are addressed, offshore CCS projects are unlikely to occur in U.S. federal and Canadian waters, despite the potential climate benefits. To realize those benefits, the paper recommends that both the U.S. and Canada enact legislation that deals specifically with offshore CCS, establishing a well-defined framework for the regulation of future projects.
Additional file 1 of Results of the 2018 Japan Society for Blood Purification in Critical Care survey: current status and outcomes
Creators: name: Abe, Masanori
name: Shiga, Hidetoshi
name: Tatsumi, Hiroomi
name: Endo, Yoshihiro
name: Kikuchi, Yoshihiko
name: Suzuki, Yasushi
name: Doi, Kent
name: Nakada, Taka-Aki
name: Nagafuchi, Hiroyuki
name: Hattori, Noriyuki
name: Hirohashi, Nobuyuki
name: Moriguchi, Takeshi
name: Yamaga, Osamu
name: Nishida, Osamu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Table 1. Modalities of blood purification therapy currently used in Japan and their common abbreviations
Spin liquid in a single crystal of the frustrated diamond lattice antiferromagnet CoAl2O4
Creators: name: Christensen, O. Zaharko. N. B.
name: Cervellino, A.
name: Tsurkan, V.
name: Maljuk, A.
name: Stuhr, U.
name: Niedermayer, C.
name: Yokaichiya, F.
name: Argyriou, D. N.
name: Boehm, M.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin liquid in the frustrated diamond lattice antiferromagnet CoAl2O4 by means of single crystal neutron scattering in zero and applied magnetic field. The magnetically ordered phase appearing below TN=8 K remains nonconventional down to 1.5 K. The magnetic Bragg peaks at the q=0 positions remain broad and their profiles have strong Lorentzian contribution. Additionally, they are connected by weak diffuse streaks along the <111> directions. These observations are explained within the spiral spin liquid model as short-range magnetic correlations of spirals populated at these finite temperatures, as the energy minimum around q=0 is flat and the energy of excited states with q=(111) is low. The agreement is only qualitative, leading us to suspect that microstructure effects are also important. Magnetic field significantly perturbs spin correlations. The 1.5 K static magnetic moment increases from 1.58 mB/Co at zero field to 2.08 mB/Co at 10 T, while the magnetic peaks, being still broad, acquire almost Gaussian profile. Spin excitations are rather conventional spin waves at zero field, resulting in the exchange parameters J1=0.92(1) meV, J2=0.101(2) meV and the anisotropy term D=-0.0089(2) meV for CoAl2O4. The application of a magnetic field leads to a pronounced broadening of the excitations at the zone center, which at 10 T appear gapless and nearly featureless.
Strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields and charging effects on CVD-grown graphene
Creators: name: Yeh, N. -C.
name: Teague, M. L.
name: Yeom, S.
name: Standley, B. L.
name: Boyd, D. A.
name: Bockrath, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomically resolved imaging and spectroscopic characteristics of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on copper are investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). For CVD-grown graphene remaining on the copper substrate, the monolayer carbon structures exhibit ripples and appear strongly strained, with different regions exhibiting different lattice structures and electronic density of states (DOS). In particular, ridges appear along the boundaries of different lattice structures, which exhibit excess charging effects. Additionally, the large and non-uniform strain induces pseudo-magnetic field up to ~ 50 Tesla, as manifested by the integer and fractional pseudo-magnetic field quantum Hall effect (IQHE and FQHE) in the DOS of graphene. In contrast, for graphene transferred from copper to SiO2 substrates after the CVD growth, the average strain on the whole is reduced, so are the corresponding charging effects and pseudo-magnetic fields except for sample areas near topographical ridges. These findings suggest feasible "strain engineering" of the electronic states of graphene by proper design of the substrates and growth conditions.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in a special issue of Surface Science: "Graphene Surfaces and Interfaces". Contac author: Nai-Chang Yeh (ncyeh@caltech.edu)
The strength of strong ties in scientific collaboration networks
Creators: name: Pan, Raj Kumar
name: Saramäki, Jari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network topology and its relationship to tie strengths may hinder or enhance the spreading of information in social networks. We study the correlations between tie strengths and topology in networks of scientific collaboration, and show that these are very different from ordinary social networks. For the latter, it has earlier been shown that strong ties are associated with dense network neighborhoods, while weaker ties act as bridges between these. Because of this, weak links act as bottlenecks for the diffusion of information. We show that on the contrary, in co-authorship networks dense local neighborhoods mainly consist of weak links, whereas strong links are more important for overall connectivity. The important role of strong links is further highlighted in simulations of information spreading, where their topological position is seen to dramatically speed up spreading dynamics. Thus, in contrast to ordinary social networks, weight-topology correlations enhance the flow of information across scientific collaboration networks.
description: 6 Pages, 6 Figures, Published version, Minor changes, Results also verified using new weight-scheme
Fundamental Quantum Limit to Waveform Estimation
Creators: name: Tsang, Mankei
name: Wiseman, Howard M.
name: Caves, Carlton M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB) on the error of estimating a time-changing signal. The QCRB provides a fundamental limit to the performance of general quantum sensors, such as gravitational-wave detectors, force sensors, and atomic magnetometers. We apply the QCRB to the problem of force estimation via continuous monitoring of the position of a harmonic oscillator, in which case the QCRB takes the form of a spectral uncertainty principle. The bound on the force-estimation error can be achieved by implementing quantum noise cancellation in the experimental setup and applying smoothing to the observations.
description: 4 pages, v2: major update, added a figure, v3: accepted by PRL
Toward a Typology of Technology-Using Teachers: A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of the NCES Fast Response Survey System Teachers’ Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools, 2009 (FRSS 95)
Creators: name: Graves, Kenneth Edward
name: Bowers, Alex J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Educational technology
Educational technology--Social aspects
Education--Social aspects
Teachers
Digital divide
Social justice

description: Background: Recently, policy makers and school leaders have heavily invested in the promise that educational technology could catalyze systemic school change. Yet, some critics note that the conversation surrounding technology in schools is a red herring that has not produced clear, definitive, and equitable results across different school settings. Prior research has mainly focused on understanding how and why teachers use technology in order to address this concern. Still, we argue that an understudied third perspective – examining what types of technology-using teachers exist – could provide innovative and impactful insights to shape research, policy, and practice in instructional technology.

Purpose of the Study: We investigate the extent to which there is a typology of teachers who use technology, as well as to what extent school and teacher level variables predict membership in the different subgroups in the typology, by analyzing a nationally generalizable sample (2,764 teachers) from the Teachers' Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools, 2009 Fast Response Survey System dataset, collected by the National Center for Education Statistics.

Research Design: We used a three-step, one level latent class analysis (LCA) with nationally generalizable data that identifies significantly different types of technology-using teachers, as well as what covariates predict membership in the identified subgroups.

Findings: We find that there are four statistically significant subgroups of technology-using teachers: Dexterous (24.4%), Evaders (22.2%), Assessors (28.4%), and Presenters (24.8%). We also find that several covariates, such as student socioeconomic status, school type, enrollment, years of teacher experience, and total number of school computers, predicted teachers' membership in these four subgroups of technology-using teachers.

Conclusions: Our findings reiterate the notion that technology-using teachers are not a monolithic group that are randomly distributed across school settings, finding that low-income schools are more likely to have teachers who use technology in less meaningful ways. As a quantitative phenomenology, this study provides one of the first empirically-based, nationally generalizable depictions of technology use in schools that could inform school leaders and policy makers as they evaluate new digital tools, design professional learning for teachers, and tackle inequalities in technology access, teacher knowledge, and technology-mediated learning experiences and outcomes for students.

Keywords:  Educational Technology, Teachers, Social Justice, Digital Divide, Technology Leadership, Latent Class Analysis, Mixture Modeling, Survey Research, NCES
Additional file 1 of Cataracts in Havanese: genome wide association study reveals two loci associated with posterior polar cataract
Creators: name: Bellamy, Kim K. L.
name: Lingaas, Frode
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary figure 1. A schematic illustration of LD-stretches in the associated regions on (A) CFA20 and (B) CFA21, showing LD between selected SNPs that span across the associated variants (orange outline) and potential candidate genes (orange). (Additional SNPs show similar values but are not shown). Supplementary figure 2. MDS-plots for the (A) posterior polar cataract and (B) cortical cataract datasets, showing that both cases and controls are represented in each cluster for both phenotypes. Cases = red, controls = blue, unknown status (excluded from the association analysis) = grey. Supplementary figure 3. Regional Manhattan plots, spanning +/- 2 Mb of the top SNP on each chromosome of the association analysis of posterior polar cataract (A+B) and cortical cataracts (C+D). A: CFA20, B: CFA21, C: CFA4, D: CFA30. Supplementary figure 4. Genome wide association result for anterior suture line cataract, including 23 anterior suture line cataract cases and 57 controls. The analysis included 140475 autosomal SNPs that remained after quality control. A: Manhattan plot. B: Quantile-quantile plot. λ = 1.03.
On the Use of Policy Iteration as an Easy Way of Pricing American Options
Creators: name: Reisinger, Christoph
name: Witte, Jan Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we demonstrate that policy iteration, introduced in the context of HJB equations in [Forsyth & Labahn, 2007], is an extremely simple generic algorithm for solving linear complementarity problems resulting from the finite difference and finite element approximation of American options. We show that, in general, O(N) is an upper and lower bound on the number of iterations needed to solve a discrete LCP of size N. If embedded in a class of standard discretisations with M time steps, the overall complexity of American option pricing is indeed only O(N(M+N)), and, therefore, for M N, identical to the pricing of European options, which is O(MN). We also discuss the numerical properties and robustness with respect to model parameters in relation to penalty and projected relaxation methods.
description: 18 Pages, 1 Figure. This is a substantially extended version, with much more specific results on the behaviour of the algorithm
Development and validation of influenza forecasting for 64 temperate and tropical countries
Creators: name: Kramer, Sarah Corinne
name: Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Influenza
Epidemics--Forecasting
Public health

description: Accurate forecasts of influenza incidence can be used to inform medical and public health decision-making and response efforts. However, forecasting systems are uncommon in most countries, with a few notable exceptions. Here we use publicly available data from the World Health Organization to generate retrospective forecasts of influenza peak timing and peak intensity for 64 countries, including 18 tropical and subtropical countries. We find that accurate and well-calibrated forecasts can be generated for countries in temperate regions, with peak timing and intensity accuracy exceeding 50% at four and two weeks prior to the predicted epidemic peak, respectively. Forecasts are significantly less accurate in the tropics and subtropics for both peak timing and intensity. This work indicates that, in temperate regions around the world, forecasts can be generated with sufficient lead time to prepare for upcoming outbreak peak incidence.
Iterative destriping and photometric calibration for Planck-HFI, polarized, multi-detector map-making
Creators: name: Tristram, M.
name: Filliard, C.
name: Perdereau, O.
name: Plaszczynski, S.
name: Stompor, R.
name: Touze, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an iterative scheme designed to recover calibrated I, Q, and U maps from Planck-HFI data using the orbital dipole due to the satellite motion with respect to the Solar System frame. It combines a map reconstruction, based on a destriping technique, juxtaposed with an absolute calibration algorithm. We evaluate systematic and statistical uncertainties incurred during both these steps with the help of realistic, Planck-like simulations containing CMB, foreground components and instrumental noise, and assess the accuracy of the sky map reconstruction by considering the maps of the residuals and their spectra. In particular, we discuss destriping residuals for polarization sensitive detectors similar to those of Planck-HFI under different noise hypotheses and show that these residuals are negligible (for intensity maps) or smaller than the white noise level (for Q and U Stokes maps), for l > 50. We also demonstrate that the combined level of residuals of this scheme remains comparable to those of the destriping-only case except at very low l where residuals from the calibration appear. For all the considered noise hypotheses, the relative calibration precision is on the order of a few 10e-4, with a systematic bias of the same order of magnitude.
description: 18 pages, 21 figures. Match published version
Non-Gaussian errors of baryonic acoustic oscillations
Creators: name: Ngan, Wai-Hin Wayne
name: Harnois-Déraps, Joachim
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: McDonald, Patrick
name: MacDonald, Ilana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the uncertainty in baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) forecasts and data analyses. In particular, we study how much the uncertainties on both the measured mean dilation scale and the associated error bar are affected by the non-Gaussianity of the non-linear density field. We examine two possible impacts of non-Gaussian analysis: (1) we derive the distance estimators from Gaussian theory, but use 1000 N-Body simulations to measure the actual errors, and compare this to the Gaussian prediction, and (2) we compute new optimal estimators, which requires the inverse of the non-Gaussian covariance matrix of the matter power spectrum. Obtaining an accurate and precise inversion is challenging, and we opted for a noise reduction technique applied on the covariance matrices. By measuring the bootstrap error on the inverted matrix, this work quantifies for the first time the significance of the non-Gaussian error corrections on the BAO dilation scale. We find that the variance (error squared) on distance measurements can deviate by up to 12% between both estimators, an effect that requires a large number of simulations to be resolved. We next apply a reconstruction algorithm to recover some of the BAO signal that had been smeared by non-linear evolution, and we rerun the analysis. We find that after reconstruction, the rms error on the distance measurement improves by a factor of ~1.7 at low redshift (consistent with previous results), and the variance (σ^2) shows a change of up to 18% between optimal and sub-optimal cases (note, however, that these discrepancies may depend in detail on the procedure used to isolate the BAO signal). We finally discuss the impact of this work on current data analyses.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS accepted
Moral Essentialism and Generosity Among Children and Adults
Creators: name: Heiphetz, Larisa A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Conduct of life
Conduct of life--Psychological aspects
Generosity
Essentialism (Philosophy)
Social perception

description: Children and adults view many characteristics in an essentialist way—as innate, immutable, and biological. Prior work has typically investigated essentialism regarding broad domains (e.g., gender rather than maleness/femaleness). Using the example of morality, the current work asked whether individuals view different components of one domain (goodness/badness) differently and whether such views might influence behavior. Five- to eight-year- olds reported more essentialism than adults; however, both children and adults viewed goodness in more essentialist terms than badness. Although views of morally relevant characteristics in general did not significantly predict generosity (Study 1), essentialist views of the recipient did influence generosity (Studies 2-3). Adults shared fewer resources than would be expected by chance with people whose badness was described in essentialist terms (and consequently more resources than would be expected by chance with people whose badness was described in non-essentialist terms), an effect that did not appear to be driven by demand characteristics and that persisted even when both descriptions explicitly noted that the character would always remain bad. Although adults reported less essentialism than children, essentialist descriptions appeared to influence their behaviors more. This work highlights the need to investigate essentialism regarding specific domain components (e.g., goodness/badness) in addition to the domain overall (e.g., morality), partially because essentialism impacts behavior differently across components. Findings also suggest that emphasizing situational factors contributing to wrongdoing and a transgressor’s ability to change may benefit people when they have committed moral violations.
The replacement of the nitro group by hydrogen using tri-n-butyltin hydride, a variation of the Kornblum reaction: on the mechanism of reduction of ketones by organotin hydrides
Creators: Montellanos, Gilberto E. Diaz (Gilberto Eduardo Diaz), 1942-
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 1983

Part 1. The replacement of the nitro group by hydrogen using tri-n-butyltin hydride, a variation of the Kornblum reaction -- Part 2. On the mechanism of reduction of ketones by organotin hydrides.
C-HiLasso: A Collaborative Hierarchical Sparse Modeling Framework
Creators: name: Sprechmann, Pablo
name: Ramírez, Ignacio
name: Sapiro, Guillermo
name: Eldar, Yonina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparse modeling is a powerful framework for data analysis and processing. Traditionally, encoding in this framework is performed by solving an L1-regularized linear regression problem, commonly referred to as Lasso or Basis Pursuit. In this work we combine the sparsity-inducing property of the Lasso model at the individual feature level, with the block-sparsity property of the Group Lasso model, where sparse groups of features are jointly encoded, obtaining a sparsity pattern hierarchically structured. This results in the Hierarchical Lasso (HiLasso), which shows important practical modeling advantages. We then extend this approach to the collaborative case, where a set of simultaneously coded signals share the same sparsity pattern at the higher (group) level, but not necessarily at the lower (inside the group) level, obtaining the collaborative HiLasso model (C-HiLasso). Such signals then share the same active groups, or classes, but not necessarily the same active set. This model is very well suited for applications such as source identification and separation. An efficient optimization procedure, which guarantees convergence to the global optimum, is developed for these new models. The underlying presentation of the new framework and optimization approach is complemented with experimental examples and theoretical results regarding recovery guarantees for the proposed models.
Three essays on emerging technologies in accounting
Creators: name: Huang, Feiqi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: This dissertation consists of three essays that examine the effects of emerging technologies in accounting. The first essay examines whether firms abuse XBRL extension elements to increase the complexity of their mandatory filings in interactive data format. Using the ratio of extension elements to total elements in XBRL 10-K filings as the measure of XBRL complexity, this study finds that firms’ XBRL filings are more complex when the firms are performing poorly, suggesting that managers use extension elements strategically to increase XBRL complexity and obfuscate XBRL-tagged financial information.The second essay investigates whether the adoption of the XBRL affects firms’ capital investment efficiency due to the increased information processing efficiency. The findings of this essay suggest that the adoption of XBRL reduces the levels of abnormal investments. Additionally, the benefits of XBRL mandate on investment efficiency are more evident for firms with weaker external monitoring, severer environmental uncertainty, and more readable financial reports.The third essay introduces robotic process automation (RPA) to the auditing area. A framework is proposed to apply RPA to audit procedures in order to free auditors from doing repetitive and low-judgment audit tasks and enable them to focus on audit tasks that require professional judgment. This essay also demonstrates the feasibility of RPA by implementing a pilot project that applies RPA to the confirmation process.In conclusion, this dissertation examines the effects of XBRL on financial reporting strategy and managers’ investment decision, proposes a framework to apply RPA to automate labor-intensive, well-defined, and repetitive audit procedures, and demonstrate the feasibility in the audit practice.
Additional file 1 of Socioeconomic inequalities in sport participation: pattern per sport and time trends – a repeated cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Richard, Viviane
name: Piumatti, Giovanni
name: Pullen, Nick
name: Lorthe, Elsa
name: Guessous, Idris
name: Cantoreggi, Nicola
name: Stringhini, Silvia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1