cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Small-correlation expansions for the inverse Ising problem
Creators: name: Sessak, Vitor
name: Monasson, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic small-correlation expansion to solve the inverse Ising problem: find a set of couplings and fields corresponding to a given set of correlations and magnetizations. Couplings are calculated up to the third order in the correlations for generic magnetizations, and to the seventh order in the case of zero magnetizations; in addition we show how to sum some useful classes of diagrams exactly. The resulting expansion outperforms existing algorithms on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin-glass model.
description: To appear in J. Phys. A
Südame isheemiatõve ravitulemused Eestis – 20 aastat muutusteta
Creators: name: Sinisalu, Väino
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004

description: Südame-veresoonkonnahaigused on Eesti inimeste peamine  surmapõhjus,  tingides 54%  kõigist  surmadest. Nii on  see paljudes maades. Võrreldes arenenud  Euroopa  riikidega  on meil  suremus südame  isheemiatõppe murettekitavalt  suur: 336 juhtu 100 000 inimese kohta aastas, euroliidu 15 liikmesriigi (enne 1. maid 2004) keskmine näitaja on 97 juhtu 100 000 inimese kohta.
description: Eesti Arst, Juuli 2004
Interacting boson problems are QMA-hard
Creators: name: Wei, Tzu-Chieh
name: Mosca, Michele
name: Nayak, Ashwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computing the ground-state energy of interacting electron (fermion) problems has recently been shown to be hard for QMA, a quantum analogue of the complexity class NP. Fermionic problems are usually hard, a phenomenon widely attributed to the so-called sign problem occurring in Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The corresponding bosonic problems are, according to conventional wisdom, tractable. Here, we discuss the complexity of interacting boson problems and show that they are also QMA-hard. In addition, we show that the bosonic version of the so-called N-representability problem is QMA-complete, as hard as its fermionic version. As a consequence, these problems are unlikely to have efficient quantum algorithms.
description: 4 pages, comments welcome
Bibliographical Data Working Group DARIAH ERIC
Creators: name: Malínek, Vojtěch
name: Umerle, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: bibliographical data
metadata-based research
arts, humanities and social sciences

description: This presentation was given during the workshop Metadata-based Research in Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (March 4–5, 2025) organised by the DARIAH ERIC Bibliographical Data Working Group.
description: The Metadata-based Research in Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences workshop has been supported by DARIAH ERIC as part of the 2023–2025 Working Group funding round.
title: A Comparison of Conventional and Video Teaching Methods Among Beginning Swimmers at Utah State University
Creators: name: Jardine, Herald J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the value, if any, of utilizing the instant playback feature of television videotape replay in teaching the front crawl and elementary backstroke to beginning swimmers at Utah State University.
A review of literature revealed controversy as to the usefulness of the VTR media in teaching selected motor skills.
Subjects consisted of 30 male freshmen and sophomore college students placed into two groups: experimental and control, on the basis of their individual scores on pre-instruction skill testing. The subjects participated in 12 instructional periods of 40-50 minutes. The control group received instruction by a conventional method involving verbal explanation, demonstration, practice, instructor analysis and correction. The experimental group received the same type of instruction except that they were supplemented by the use of television videotape replay. Both test groups were taught by the same instructor.
A panel of five judges evaluated videotaped performances of a pre and post skill test of each subject performing the two selected strokes. The judges rated four areas; proper arm movement, proper leg movement, arm-leg coordination and smoothness of style from 1-10. The high score and low score for each subject was dropped and the raw score was determined by averaging the three middle scores of the five judges. An analysis of variance program was applied to the data with the pre test scores subtracted from the post test scores to determine performance differences. Sixty different observations were made on the 30 subjects, Summated analysis of variance was subjected to an F test for significance. The preset level of acceptance was .05.
The X change for both groups was 6.24 with the experimental group having a higher mean than the control group; 6.66 as compared with 5.83. The X reflects a positive learning curve for both groups. F tests for statistical significance indicated no difference between the means of the two test groups at any level of significance.
It was concluded that the conventional method of instruction involving verbal explanation, demonstration, and correction is not benefited by the use of videotape replay in teaching the front crawl and elementary backstroke to beginning swimmers.
title: The Economic Efficiency of Inter-Basin Transfers of Agricultural Water in Utah: A Mathematical Programming Approach
Creators: name: Keith, John
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: The economic efficiency of water development in Utah, including transfer systems, has seldom been examined, nor has the costs of public policies which result in deviations from efficient allocations. In order that public officials be better informed about water allocations, the present effort examines the efficient allocation of water in time frames up to 2020 under several alternative assumptions and calculates the cost of alternative policies.
Us ing mathematical programming techniques, a computer mode l is developed to determine the supply (marginal cost) and demand (value of marginal product) relationships for agricultural water, given depletions for municipal and industrial (M & I) and wetland requirements. The model maximizes net profit per acre to an average agriculturalist in each of ten study areas in Utah. Proposed inter-basin transfers and their costs are included in supply. The optimal solution gene rated is an efficient allocation, since maximization of net profits occurs only when value of marginal product equals marginal cost.
The requirements for M & I water are projected into the future using trending and probable industrial development. An efficient allocation (optimal solution) is generated by the model for 1965, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 20 20. Th e timing of investments in water distribution systems can be determined from these solutions.
Using alternative assumptions about policies (minimum inflows to Great Salt Lake and water salvage) several alternative temporal distributions are determined. Additionally, the effect of restrictions on groundwater pumping (present levels of storage must be maintained) are examined. The costs to users in higher supply curves (marginal costs) are approximated by areas between supply curves. In addition, losses to agricultural users from diminished efficient new production can be approximated.
The critical factors in large proposed water transfers in Utah appear to be the growth of M & I requirements along the Wasatch Front, particularly in the Jordan River Basin. Sufficient water is available in the Colorado River Basins to provide maximum transfers, full oil shale and power generation development, and efficient agricultural production. Restrictions on groundwater pumping and water salvage in the Jordan River Basin and maintenance of high inflows to Great Salt Lake make transfers necessary sooner. The costs of such restrictions approaches 25 percent of the total investment by agriculture in transfer systems. If no restrictions are made, but investment in these systems occurs now, a loss of foregone returns to alternative investment equal to about 70 percent of the total agricultural investment is incurred by society.
Postcolonialism, neo-colonialism and the “Pacific Way”: a critique of (un)critical approaches
Creators: name: Lawson, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM) Program, School of International, Political and Strategic Studies, College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2010

description: When Fiji’s first Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, first used the term the “Pacific Way" during an address to the UN General Assembly in 1970, its specific referent was the smooth transition to independence of Fiji and several other Pacific island states that had thus far gone through the decolonization process. The “Pacific Way"" was soon used to denote a collective political identity for the island states of the Pacific region in the postcolonial period and, together with the “Melanesian Way"", developed the characteristics of an anticolonial discourse — something that had been noticeably lacking in Mara’s original formulation. During much the same period, Edward Said’s critical study, Orientalism, began to make its mark, especially in terms of its critique of the nexus between power and knowledge and the way in which this supported colonial hegemony. This in turn provided an important stimulus for the development of postcolonial theory as an anti-hegemonic discourse critical not just of colonial history but manifestations of neocolonialism in the contemporary period. In this paper I suggest that although the “Pacific Way” is generally presented as a counter-hegemonic discourse, in some manifestations it provides support for other kinds of hegemony. This is because it has so far evinced very little concern with the hegemonic practices of local elites. At the same time, it continues to invest in the overarching West/non-West bifurcation of the world, which also produces quite simplistic images of contemporary regional politics that mask a much more complex set of social, political and economic relations.
Lööve nimmepiirkonnas
Creators: name: Kaasik, Ain-Elmar
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004

description: 61aastase naise tütar märkas, et ta emal on nimmepiirkonnas ulatuslik nahalööve. Kuivõrd nahamuutus vaevusi ei põhjustanud, ei olnud patsient sellele  ise  tähelepanu  pööranud  ega  teadnud, millal see tekkis. Siiski ei möödunud nahareaktsioon lähema 2–3 kuu vältel, mistõttu patsient pöördus arsti poole. Küsitlusel meenus talle, et umbes 4 kuud tagasi kannatas ta mitu nädalat kestnud nimmevalu
tõttu ja kasutas selle leevendamiseks finalgoonsalvi ning elektrilist soojenduspatja.
description: Eesti Arst, Juuli 2004
Semiclassical measure for the solution of the dissipative Helmholtz equation
Creators: name: Royer, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the semiclassical measures for the solution of a dissipative Helmholtz equation with a source term concentrated on a bounded submanifold. The potential is not assumed to be non-trapping, but trapped trajectories have to go through the region where the absorption coefficient is positive. In that case, the solution is microlocally written around any point away from the source as a sum (finite or infinite) of lagragian distributions. Moreover we prove and use the fact that the outgoing solution of the dissipative Helmholtz equation is microlocally zero in the incoming region.
Atmosphäre (sensu Gernot Böhme)
Creators: name: Böhme, Gernot
Publisher: name: Online Encyclopedia Philosophy of Nature
Year: 2021

description: Dieser Artikel behandelt, was man heute die Theorie der Atmosphäre nennen kann. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Atmosphärenbegriff, den Gernot Böhme (1995; 2006) als Grundbegriff und zentralen Erkenntnisgegenstand seiner „neuen Ästhetik“, anknüpfend an seine „Ökologische Naturästhetik“ (1989) entwickelt hat. Darin bestimmt er Atmosphären als ein typisches Zwischenphänomen. In den folgenden Darstellungen zum Atmosphärenbegriff wird von vornherein Bezug auf die möglichen Anwendungen genommen – und zwar in zwei Hauptfeldern, nämlich der Ästhetik und der Kunstbetrachtung einerseits und der Natur- oder Umweltästhetik andererseits.
description: Online Encyclopedia Philosophy of Nature, 2019
All-optical steering of light via spatial Bloch oscillations in a gas of three-level atoms
Creators: name: Hang, Chao
name: Konotop, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A standing-wave control field applied to a three-level atomic medium in a planar hollow-core photonic crystal waveguide creates periodic variations of linear and nonlinear refractive indexes of the medium. This property can be used for efficient steering of light. In this work we study, both analytically and numerically, the dynamics of probe optical beams in such structures. By properly designing the spatial dependence of the nonlinearity it is possible to induce long-living Bloch oscillations of spatial gap solitons, thus providing desirable change in direction of the beam propagation without inducing appreciable diffraction. Due to the significant enhancement of the nonlinearity, such self-focusing of the probe beam can be reached at extremely weak light intensities.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Toimeainepõhiste piirhindade mõju Eesti Haigekassa ravimihüvitiste eelarvele ja ravimitarbijatele
Creators: name: Sonnenberg, Andrus
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004

description: Eesti Arsti  aprillikuu  numbris  analüüsisin  toimeainepõhiste  piirhindade mõju  Eesti Haigekassa ravimihüvitiste  eelarvele  ja  ravimitarbijatele  (1). Järgnevalt vaatlen  teise Eestis rakendatud ravimikulu kontrolli meetme – hinnakokkulepete – rakendamisega seotud probleeme.


Eesti Arst 2004; 83 (6): 384–387
description: Eesti Arst, Juuni 2004
title: Intraregional Efficiency of Production Decisions and Interregional Efficiency of Input Use in Bolivian Agriculture
Creators: name: Hammond, Stephen C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the efficiency with which Bolivian farmers utilize productive resources as they combine them in crop production and to examine the possibility of interregional resource immobility in the production of agricultural products.
Bolivia was divided into seven distinct production regions called departments. A linear program maximizing model was generated for the major crops produced in each department. Land, labor, irrigation, and capital were the input coefficients used in the models. They produced a net return to management, land, and fixed costs associated with land. The linear program using these coefficients generated the profit maximizing hectare combination for each crop by department. These were compared with those reported to have been grown in each department to make an efficiency judgement of production decisions made by Bolivian farmers.
The same department linear programs generated value marginal products for resources in short supply in each model . These were compared interdepartmentally to determine any resource immobility that might be in existence.
Analysis of the linear program maximizing output indicated that in all of the departments considered, with the exception of Santa Cruz, farmers appeared to be efficiently combining their resources in the production of crops considered in this study. It was also noted that a possible labor immobility existed between the Santa Cruz department and the other six considered.
Bulges Of Nearby Galaxies With Spitzer: The Growth Of Pseudobulges In Disk Galaxies And Its Connection To Outer Disks
Creators: name: Fisher, David B.
name: Drory, Niv
name: Fabricius, Maximilian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study star formation rates (SFR) and stellar masses in bulges of nearby disk galaxies, using SFRs and stellar masses derived from Spitzer and GALEX data. At present day SFR the median pseudobulge could have grown the present day stellar mass in 8 Gyr. In almost all galaxies in our sample the specific SFR (SFR per unit stellar mass) of the bulge is higher than that of the outer disk, suggesting that almost all galaxies are increasing their B/T through internal star formation. In pseudobulges, SFR density correlates, positvely, with mass density, this is consistent with that stellar mass being formed by moderate, extended star fromation. As well, SFR density and stellar mass of pseudobulges are shown to be correlated with the stellar mass of the outer disk. Classical bulges have the lowest specific SFR implying a growth times that are longer than a Hubble time. We identify a class of bulges that have nuclear morphology similar to pseudobulges, significantly lower specific SFR than pseudobulges, and are closer to classical bulges in structural parameter correlations. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which bulge growth via internal star formation is a natural, and near ubiquitous phenomenon in disk galaxies. Some disk galaxies with out a large classical bulge, over long periods of extended star formation are able to growth a pseudobulge. In this sense, galaxies with pseudobulges may very well be bulgeless (or "quasi-bulgeless") galaxies, and galaxies with classical bulges are galaxies in which both internal evolution and hierarchical merging are responsible for the bulge mass by fractions that vary from galaxy-to-galaxy. [Abridged]
description: Accepted to ApJ
Teacher and Student Experiences in Online Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia
Creators: name: Dautbasic, Amila
name: Becirovic, Senad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID pandemic, which caused interruptions and delays in many activities, but most importantly, it led to some huge changes in education. Online teaching will prove to be the most commonly used method that should compensate for the inability to work in the classroom and allow the educational process to continue. Of course, this teaching method was not created in 2020, but it was only presented and implemented in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia with the beginning of the pandemic. In this paper, we see how these countries have faced abrupt changes in teaching, and how this change has affected students. Online teaching cannot be a mere transfer of analog content to digital; a different approach is needed in the implementation of teaching as required and offered by the digital medium, but at the same time it is necessary to preserve the basic principles of the lecturer and the curriculum. It is a call, both for teachers and students. Since this is a current and universal problem, we hope that the conclusions presented are useful.
description: https://mapub.org/ojs/index.php/mapss/article/view/23
Söömishäiretest põhjustatud amenorröa ja viljatus
Creators: name: Matt, Kadri
name: Vellend, Olesja
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: söömishäired, funktsionaalne hüpotalaamiline amenorröa, anorexia nervosa, viljatus

description: Naise normaalne reproduktiivne funktsioon on kompleksne protsess, milles elustiilil ja toitumisel on tähtis osa. Nälgimine või oluline kaalulangus võib põhjustada puberteedieas tütarlastel soolise arengu peetust ja primaarset amenorröad, reproduktiivses eas kasvab menstruatsioonifunktsiooni häirete, sekundaarse amenorröa  ja viljatuse  sagedus. Raseduse  iseeneslikke katkemisi, kaasasündinud arengurikkeid, perinataalse suremuse sagenemist ning madalakaaluliste laste sündi seostatakse viljastumis- ja rasedusaegse nälgimisega. Vaegtoitumise või nälgimise tagajärjel kujunenud reproduktiivse funktsiooni häired ja naiseviljatus on enamasti küll pöörduva iseloomuga, kuid  teatud  juhtudel on  täielik  tervenemine  ja fertiilsuse taastumine väga pikaajaline protsess.


Eesti Arst 2004; 83 (6): 374–378
description: Eesti Arst, Juuni 2004
Hybrid computer solutions of partial differential equations by Monte Carlo methods
Creators: name: Little, Warren David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A continuous Markov process is examined for the purpose of developing Monte Carlo methods for solving partial differential equations. Backward Kolmogorov equations for conditional probability density functions and more general equations satisfied by auxiliary probability density functions are derived. From these equations and the initial and boundary conditions that the density functions satisfy, it is shown that solutions of partial differential equations at an interior point of a region can be written as the expected value of randomly-selected initial and boundary values. From these results, Monte Carlo methods for solving homogeneous and nonhomogeneous elliptic, and homogeneous parabolic partial differential equations are proposed. Hybrid computer techniques for mechanizing the Monte Carlo methods are given. The Markov process is simulated on the analog computer and the digital computer is used to control the analog computer and to form the required averages. Methods for detecting the boundaries of regions using analog function generators and electronic comparators are proposed. Monte Carlo solutions are obtained on a hybrid system consisting of a PACE 231 R-V analog computer and an ALWAC III-E digital computer. The interface for the two computers and a multichannel discrete-interval binary-noise source are described. With this equipment, solutions having a small variance are obtained at a rate of approximately five minutes per solution. Example solutions are given for Laplace's equation in two and three dimensions, Poisson's equation in two dimensions and the heat equation in one, two and three dimensions.
The Beilinson Equivalence for Differential Operators and Lie Algebroids
Creators: name: Muller, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E35 (Primary), 16E65 (Secondary)

description: Let D be the ring of differential operators on a smooth irreducible affine variety X over the complex numbers; or, more generally, the enveloping algebra of any locally free Lie algebroid on X. The category of finitely-generated graded modules of the Rees algebra D has a natural quotient category qgr(D) which imitates the category of modules on Proj of a graded commutative ring. We show that the derived category D^b(qgr(D)) is equivalent to the derived category of finitely-generated modules of a sheaf of algebras E on X which is coherent over X. This generalizes the usual Beilinson equivalence for projective space, and also the Beilinson equivalence for differential operators on a smooth curve used by Ben-Zvi and Nevins to describe the moduli space of left ideals in D.
Starobinsky inflation with a quadratic Weyl tensor
Creators: name: De Felice, Antonio
name: Kawaguchi, Ryodai
name: Mizui, Kotaro
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Starobinsky inflation with a Weyl squared Lagrangian $-αC^2$, where $α$ is a coupling constant, we study the linear stability of cosmological perturbations on a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker background. In this theory, there are two dynamical vector modes propagating as ghosts for $α>0$, whose condition is required to avoid tachyonic instabilities of vector perturbations during inflation. The tensor sector has four propagating degrees of freedom, among which two of them correspond to ghost modes. However, the tensor perturbations approach constants after the Hubble radius crossing during inflation, and hence the classical instabilities are absent. In the scalar sector, the Weyl curvature gives rise to a ghost mode coupled to the scalaron arising from the squared Ricci scalar. We show that two gauge-invariant gravitational potentials, which are both dynamical in our theory, are subject to exponential growth after the Hubble radius crossing. There are particular gauge-invariant combinations like the curvature perturbations whose growth is suppressed, but it is not possible to remove the instability of other propagating degrees of freedom present in the perturbed metric. This violent and purely classical instability present in the scalar sector makes the background unviable. Furthermore, the presence of such classical instability makes the quantization of the modes irrelevant, and the homogeneous inflationary background is spoiled by the Weyl curvature term.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
title: Sprint and jump performances in highly trained young soccer players of different chronological age
title: Effects of linear VS. CHANGE–OF–DIRECTION sprint training
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Pavillon, Thomas
name: Tourny, Claire
name: Aabderrahman, Abderraouf Ben
name: Salhi, Iyed
name: Zouita, Sghaeir
name: Rouissi, Mehdi
name: Hackney, Anthony C.
name: Granacher, Urs
name: Zouhal, Hassane
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 793 Spiele und Freizeitaktivitäten für drinnen
subject: 796 Sportarten, Sportspiele

description: Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two different sprint-training regimes on sprint and jump performances according to age in elite young male soccer players over the course of one soccer season. Methods Players were randomly assigned to two training groups. Group 1 performed systematic change-of-direction sprints (CODST, U19 [n = 9], U17 [n = 9], U15 [n = 10]) while group 2 conducted systematic linear sprints (LST, U19 [n = 9], U17 [n = 9], U15 [n = 9]). Training volumes were similar between groups (40 sprints per week x 30 weeks = 1200 sprints per season). Pre and post training, all players performed tests for the assessment of linear and slalom sprint speed (5-m and 10-m), countermovement jump, and maximal aerobic speed performance. Results For all physical fitness measures, the baseline-adjusted means data (ANCOVA) across the age groups showed no significant differences between LST and CODST at post (0.061 < p < 0.995; 0.0017 < d < 1.01). The analyses of baseline-adjusted means for all physical fitness measures for U15, U17, and U19 (LST vs. CODST) revealed no significant differences between LST and CODST for U15 (0.213 < p < 0.917; 0.001 < d < 0.087), U17 (0.132 < p < 0.976; 0.001 < d < 0.310), and U19 (0.300 < p < 0.999; 0.001 < d < 0.049) at post. Conclusions The results from this study showed that both, LST and CODST induced significant changes in the sprint, lower limbs power, and aerobic performances in young elite soccer players. Since no significant differences were observed between LST and CODST, the observed changes are most likely due to training and/or maturation. Therefore, more research is needed to elucidate whether CODST, LST or a combination of both is beneficial for youth soccer athletes’ performance development.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe; 697
title: Resource Allocation and Factor Substitution in Guayas Basin Rice Production
Creators: name: Glen, Gary Scott
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1974

description: The primary objective of this study was to examine changes in resource productivity and factor shares as irrigation was introduced on small rice farms using traditional management techniques.
Average output on irrigated farms was double that of dry farms. This was because irrigated farms produced two crops as opposed to one crop on farms without irrigation. Examination of marginal products showed that farmers with irrigation could profitably use more land. Dry farmers could profitably use more labor. The low labor input and high MP of labor on dry farms occurs because these farmers are undercapitalized and are obliged to accept off-farm employment at crucial periods of the rice growing season.
On both farm types, irrigated and dry, factor shares of land were high suggesting that a redistribution of land would also redistribute income. This information provides criteria for formation of rice production policy in Ecuador.
Vau da muntanialas: Energy-efficient multi-die scalable acceleration of RNN inference
Creators: name: Paulin, Gianna
name: Conti, Francesco
name: Cavigelli, Lukas
name: Benini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recurrent neural networks such as Long Short-Term Memories (LSTMs) learn temporal dependencies by keeping an internal state, making them ideal for time-series problems such as speech recognition. However, the output-to-input feedback creates distinctive memory bandwidth and scalability challenges in designing accelerators for RNNs. We present Muntaniala, an RNN accelerator architecture for LSTM inference with a silicon-measured energy-efficiency of 3.25$TOP/s/W$ and performance of 30.53$GOP/s$ in UMC 65 $nm$ technology. The scalable design of Muntaniala allows running large RNN models by combining multiple tiles in a systolic array. We keep all parameters stationary on every die in the array, drastically reducing the I/O communication to only loading new features and sharing partial results with other dies. For quantifying the overall system power, including I/O power, we built Vau da Muntanialas, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a systolic multi-chip-on-PCB array of RNN accelerator. Our multi-die prototype performs LSTM inference with 192 hidden states in 330$μs$ with a total system power of 9.0$mW$ at 10$MHz$ consuming 2.95$μJ$. Targeting the 8/16-bit quantization implemented in Muntaniala, we show a phoneme error rate (PER) drop of approximately 3% with respect to floating-point (FP) on a 3L-384NH-123NI LSTM network on the TIMIT dataset.
Si3N4 single-crystal nanowires grown from silicon micro and nanoparticles near the threshold of passive oxidation
Creators: name: Farjas, J.
name: Rath, C.
name: Pinyol, A.
name: Roura, P.
name: Bertran, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple and most promising oxide-assisted catalyst-free method is used to prepare silicon nitride nanowires that give rise to high yield in a short time. After a brief analysis of the state of the art, we reveal the crucial role played by the oxygen partial pressure: when oxygen partial pressure is slightly below the threshold of passive oxidation, a high yield inhibiting the formation of any silica layer covering the nanowires occurs and thanks to the synthesis temperature one can control nanowire dimensions.
Benchmarking Inverse Optimization Algorithms for Materials Design
Creators: name: Zhai, Hanfeng
name: Hao, Hongxia
name: Yeo, Jingjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning-based inverse materials discovery has attracted enormous attention recently due to its flexibility in dealing with black box models. Yet, many metaheuristic algorithms are not as widely applied to materials discovery applications as machine learning methods. There are ongoing challenges in applying different optimization algorithms to discover crystals with single- or multi-elemental compositions and how these algorithms differ in mining the ideal materials. We comprehensively compare 11 different optimization algorithms for the design of single- and multi-elemental crystals with targeted properties. By maximizing the bulk modulus and minimizing the Fermi energy through perturbing the parameterized elemental composition representations, we estimated the unique counts of elemental compositions, mean density scan of the objectives space, mean objectives and frequency distributed over the materials' representations and objectives. We found that nature-inspired algorithms contain more uncertainties in the defined elemental composition design tasks, which correspond to their dependency on multiple hyperparameters. Runge Kutta optimization (RUN) exhibits higher mean objectives whereas Bayesian optimization (BO) displayed low mean objectives compared with other methods. Combined with materials count and density scan, we propose that BO strives to approximate a more accurate surrogate of the design space by sampling more elemental compositions and hence have lower mean objectives, yet RUN will repeatedly sample the targeted elemental compositions with higher objective values. Our work shed light on the automated digital design of crystals with single- and multi-elemental compositions and is expected to elicit future studies on materials optimization such as composite and alloy design based on specific desired properties.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. 15 pages for Supplementary Information
title: Ammonia and Nitrate Nitrogen in the Soil Profile and Its Relation to Various Nitrogen Treatments On Dry-land Winter Wheat
Creators: name: Van Luik, Abraham E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: In a dry-land winter wheat field, patterns of mineral nitrogen distributions were investigated before and after fertilizer additions.
Large differences in the added mineral nitrogen recoverable three weeks after treatment were found to be specific to nitrogen source and treatment within source.
Initial losses averaged 50 percent for urea treatments, 40 percent for calcium nitrate treatments, and varied from a loss of 18 percent to a gain of 22 percent for ammonium nitrate treatments. Ammonium sulfate proved the most variable with a 36 percent average loss for the before-planting treatment and a 61 percent gain for the after-planting treatment.
This initial gain and loss behavior correlated at the 2 percent level of significance with the subsequent grain yield (r=0.774, 8 df), and was still discernable in soil test results of late April, where total mineral nitrogen depletion since before treatment correlated positively at the 10 percent level of significance with the nitrogen loss found 3 weeks after treatment.
For a small sample of nine plots, a late July sampling revealed that depletions of mineral nitrogen since April were much more predictive of grain yields than were the actual April-N levels (r2=0.787 versus r2=0.460). This result confirms the large role played by differential moisture stress regimes in the field, since depletions during the drying season of late spring and early summer depend on the availability of moisture.
Initial fertilizer behavior, determining fertilizer losses before the onset of crop usage, and a favorable later moisture regime were seen as the two largest determinants of yield under the conditions of this experiment. Since the latter factor is largely beyond further control, the former is the only factor open to manipulation. Generally, after planting treatments were lower in initial losses of mineral nitrogen, and also generally provided somewhat higher surface mineral nitrogen levels in early spring, which was found to be weakly correlated with yield. Surface accumulations in early spring can only be beneficial if sufficient spring moisture is available for downward transport into the root zone, however, and a drier spring than prevailed during this experiment could forseeably reverse this relationship by keeping such surface nitrogen accumulations from becoming available to the plant in spring.
Meditsiiniline erialakeel vajab süsteemset arendamist ja kirjasõna suuremat tähelepanu
Creators: name: Sinisalu, Väino
name: Soosaar, Andres
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013

description: Eesti Arst 2013; 92(6):302–303
description: Eesti Arst, Juuni 2013
title: The Impact of Monopoly Power on a Commercial Banking Firm
Creators: name: Tribble, John Atwood
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: The commercial banking industry is oft en criticized on the grounds that there is a high concentration of market power in the hands of a few firms. However, the appropriate measure of market power is Lerner's index of monopoly power, the elasticity of demand, not concentration ratios. The theoretical model developed in the paper is designed to permit the estimation of demand and supply elasticities in the banking industry. Specifically, two assets (loans and state and local funds) and one liability (time deposits) are investigated.
The empirical model focuses its attention on the demand and supply conditions. If the bank is a profit maximizer , then the banker adjusts the portfolio of assets and issues of liabilities in accordance with the Euler first order maximization conditions of the expected profits function. In this function administrative costs are expressed as a proportion of total assets. Default risks are ignored. At the optimal solution of the Euler first order conditions transaction costs generated by deposit-liability fluctuations are treated as scalers. These simplifying assumptions permit the estimation of the slope of the loan demand, of the demand for state and local funds, and of time deposit supply, which can be used to estimate the elasticities of the respective functions.
The empirical results are based on cross-sectional data for 7.89 standard economic areas in those states where there is an absence of extensive branch banking. The observations are categorized into eight bank classes by per capita income level, by hank density per capita in the standard economic area, and by economic base (agricultural or nonagricultural) in the area. It is assumed that the demand and supply functions are identical for all banks within a bank class. Using, the first order maximization conditions as behavioral equations the slopes of the supply and demand functions are estimated. These estimates are used to calculate elasticities of loan demand, state and local funds demand, and time deposit supply.
In general, it is concluded that those banks from low income areas have a lower elasticity of demand for loans than banks in high income areas. These banks have more monopoly power in the loan account. The elasticity of deposit supply is low for all classes of banks. This could be due to monopsony power, but it is more likely due to the legal ceiling on interest rates paid on time deposits. The analysis does not lead to any conclusions for the structural preconditions for the existence of monopoly power, but it does indicate that banks in certain markets may have some degree of monopoly power.
ICSA_Quantum_Computing (1).pdf
Creators: name: Kapur, Ritu
name: Sodhi, Balwinder
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computer Engineering
subject: Applied Computer Science
subject: 80302 Computer System Architecture

description: Conference paper accepted in ICSA 2021.
Steady-state ocsillations and stability of on-off feedback systems
Creators: name: Mohammed, Auyuab
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Methods for studying the behaviour of on-off feedback systems, with the emphasis on steady-state periodic phenomena, are presented in this thesis. The two main problems analyzed are (1) the determination of the periods of self and forced oscillations in single-, double-, and multiloop systems containing an arbitrary number of on-off elements; and (2) the investigation of the asymptotic stability in the small of single-loop systems containing one on-off element which may or may not have a linear region of operation. To study the periodic phenomena in on-off systems, methods of determining the steady-state response of a single on-r-off element are first described. Concepts pertaining to the steady-state behaviour are then introduced: in this respect it has been found that generalizations of the concepts of the Hamel and Tsypkin loci and also of the phase characteristic of Neimark are useful in the study of self and forced oscillations. Both the Tsypkin loci and the phase characteristic concepts are used to determine the possible periods of self and forced oscillations in single- and double-loop systems containing an arbitrary number of on-off elements; these concepts are also applied to multiloop systems. On-off elements containing a linear region of operation, called a proportional band, are then described: both the transient and periodic response are presented. An approximate method for determining the periodic response is given. The concept of the Tsypkin loci is used to determine the possible periods of self and forced oscillations in a single-loop system containing one on-off element with a proportional band. The asymptotic stability in the small, or local stability, of the periodic states of single-loop systems containing one ideal on-off element has been considered by Tsypkin. In this thesis, Tsypkin's results have been generalized to include the cases of on-off elements containing a proportional band. The stability of such systems is determined by the stability of equivalent sampled-data systems with samplers having finite pulse widths. Finally, this stability problem is solved by a direct approach, one that makes use of the physical definition of local stability; the results obtained by this method agree with those derived by the sampled-data approach.
Can Online Customer Reviews Help Design More Sustainable Products? A Preliminary Study on Amazon Climate Pledge Friendly Products
Creators: name: Saidani, Michael
name: Kim, Harrison
name: Ayadhi, Nawres
name: Yannou, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online product reviews are a valuable resource for product developers to improve the design of their products. Yet, the potential value of customer feedback to improve the sustainability performance of products is still to be exploited. The present paper investigates and analyzes Amazon product reviews to bring new light on the following question: ``What sustainable design insights can be identified or interpreted from online product reviews?''. To do so, the top 100 reviews, evenly distributed by star ratings, for three product categories (laptop, printer, cable) are collected, manually annotated, analyzed and interpreted. For each product category, the reviews of two similar products (one with environmental certification and one standard version) are compared and combined to come up with sustainable design solutions. In all, for the six products considered, between 12% and 20% of the reviews mentioned directly or indirectly aspects or attributes that could be exploited to improve the design of these products from a sustainability perspective. Concrete examples of sustainable design leads that could be elicited from product reviews are given and discussed. As such, this contribution provides a baseline for future work willing to automate this process to gain further insights from online product reviews. Notably, the deployment of machine learning tools and the use of natural language processing techniques to do so are discussed as promising lines for future research.
description: ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Aug 2021, Virtual, United States
Mittesteroidsete põletikuvastaste ravimite kasutamine südame-veresoonkonnahaiguse riskiga patsientidel
Creators: name: Irs, Alar
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular disease, averse drug reactions

description: Mittesteroidsed põletikuvastased ravimid on üks enam kasutatud ravimirühmi tänu tõhusale valuvaigistavale, põletikuvastasele ja palavikku vähendavale toimele. Üldjuhul hästi talutavad, on nende ravimite puhul siiski vaja hoolikalt hinnata patsiendi kõrvaltoimeriski. Kõik selle rühma ravimid võivad tekitada südames-veresoonkonnas kõrvaltoimeid, mille sagedus erineb ravimiti oluliselt, mistõttu tuleb seda ravimi valikul kindlasti arvestada.

  Eesti Arst 2013; 92(5):287–289
description: Eesti Arst, Mai 2013
Velocity of electroweak bubble walls
Creators: name: Megevand, Ariel
name: Sanchez, Alejandro D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the velocity of bubble walls in the electroweak phase transition. For several extensions of the Standard Model, we estimate the friction and calculate the wall velocity, taking into account the hydrodynamics. We find that deflagrations are generally more likely than detonations. Nevertheless, for models with extra bosons, which give a strongly first-order phase transition, the deflagration velocity is in general quite high, $0.1\lesssim v_w\lesssim 0.6$. Therefore, such phase transitions may produce an important signal of gravitational waves. On the other hand, models with extra fermions which are strongly coupled to the Higgs boson may provide a strongly first-order phase transition and small velocities, $10^{-2}\lesssim v_w\lesssim 10^{-1}$, as required by electroweak baryogenesis.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures. v2: Minor corrections, a comment and references added