cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Quantum Tensor Product Codes
Creators: name: Fan, Jihao
name: Li, Yonghui
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
name: Chen, Hanwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a general framework for the construction of quantum tensor product codes (QTPC). In a classical tensor product code (TPC), its parity check matrix is con- structed via the tensor product of parity check matrices of the two component codes. We show that by adding some constraints on the component codes, several classes of dual-containing TPCs can be obtained. By selecting different types of component codes, the proposed method enables the construction of a large family of QTPCs and they can provide a wide variety of quantum error control abilities. In particular, if one of the component codes is selected as a burst-error-correction code, then QTPCs have quantum multiple-burst-error-correction abilities, provided these bursts fall in distinct subblocks. Compared with concatenated quantum codes (CQC), the component code selections of QTPCs are much more exible than those of CQCs since only one of the component codes of QTPCs needs to satisfy the dual-containing restriction. We show that it is possible to construct QTPCs with parameters better than other classes of quantum error-correction codes (QECC), e.g., CQCs and quantum BCH codes. Many QTPCs are obtained with parameters better than previously known quantum codes available in the literature. Several classes of QTPCs that can correct multiple quantum bursts of errors are constructed based on reversible cyclic codes and maximum-distance-separable (MDS) codes.
description: 18 pages, 4 tables
title: One Health in the EU: The Next Future?
Creators: name: Coli, Francesca
name: Schebesta, Hanna
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: One Health
subject: European Green Deal
subject: EU law
subject: EU policies
subject: sustainability
subject: integration

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 301-316
description: I. Introduction. – II. The One Health approach: main conceptual features. – III. The One Health approach in EU policy and legislation – III.1. The One Health approach in EU policies. – III.2. The One Health approach in EU legislation. – IV. The One Health approach in the European Green Deal. – V. Concluding discussion.
description: The paper investigates how the One Health concept is used in the European Union and what functions are attributed to it in EU laws and policies. To this end we conduct a systematic analysis of EU laws and policy documents, with specific emphasis on the European Green Deal and its actions. The first section outlines the main conceptual features of the evolving One Health approach over time. The second section analyses how European laws and policies have considered One Health over time, showing its erratic use. The third section is dedicated to analysing how One Health is taken into account by the Green Deal’s actions. The conclusion recognises that the EU conceptualization and operationalization of One Health is far from being clear, coherent or concrete. However, we argue that a transition may be underway and One Health has the potential to become a new political and legal principle capable of permeating future EU actions towards a new phase of policy integration and sustainability.
Real-space cluster dynamical mean-field approach to the Falicov-Kimball model: An alloy-analogy approach
Creators: name: Haldar, P.
name: Laad, M. S.
name: Hassan, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is long known that the best single-site coherent potential approximation (CPA) falls short of describing Anderson localization (AL). Here, we study a binary alloy disorder (or equivalently, a spinless Falicov-Kimball (FK)) model and construct a dominantly analytic cluster extension that treats intra-cluster ($1/d$, $d$=spatial dimension) correlations exactly. We find that, in general, the irreducible two-particle vertex exhibits clear non-analyticities before the band-splitting transition of the Hubbard type occurs, signaling onset of an unusual type of localization at strong coupling. Using time-dependent response to a sudden local quench as a diagnostic, we find that the long-time wave function overlap changes from a power-law to an anomalous form at strong coupling, lending additional support to this idea. Our results also imply such novel "strong" localization in the equivalent FK model, the simplest interacting fermion system.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
SAR by shape: towards small molecules that target RNA
Creators: name: Grawoig, David
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: RNA plays critical roles in diverse biological processes but has proven to be a difficult target for small molecule drug development. I addressed this challenge by developing automated SAR by SHAPE (structure-activity-relationships by selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension), a powerful approach for rapid and generic RNA screening against small molecule libraries. I incorporated three innovations in automated SAR by SHAPE that, together, permit effective small molecule screening campaigns against diverse RNA targets. First, I developed and programmed a magnetic bead-based SHAPE protocol on a liquid handling robot. Second, I created an automated SHAPE analysis pipeline by combining reference-based analysis and novel error-correcting algorithms. Third, I applied single-nucleotide resolution statistical hit detection to identify novel RNA ligands. In a successful proof-of-concept for automated SAR by SHAPE, I screened nearly 500 small molecules against the Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (HCV IRES), a large, highly structured RNA crucial for viral translation and replication. This screen identified more than 80 previously unknown IRES ligands. Significantly, several of these ligands also inhibited IRES-mediated translation in a dual luciferase assay.
Derived categories of Gushel-Mukai varieties
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Alexander
name: Perry, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the derived categories of coherent sheaves on Gushel-Mukai varieties. In the derived category of such a variety, we isolate a special semiorthogonal component, which is a K3 or Enriques category according to whether the dimension of the variety is even or odd. We analyze the basic properties of this category using Hochschild homology, Hochschild cohomology, and the Grothendieck group. We study the K3 category of a Gushel-Mukai fourfold in more detail. Namely, we show that this category is equivalent to the derived category of a K3 surface for a certain codimension 1 family of rational fourfolds, and to the K3 category of a birational cubic fourfold for a certain codimension 3 family. The first of these results verifies a special case of a duality conjecture which we formulate. We discuss our results in the context of the rationality problem for Gushel-Mukai varieties, which was one of the main motivations for this work.
description: 43 pages, reorganized and edited
Discriminative Subgraph Pattern Mining and Its Applications
Creators: name: Jin, Ning
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: My dissertation concentrates on two problems in mining discriminative subgraphs: how to efficiently identify subgraph patterns that discriminate two sets of graphs and how to improve discrimination power of subgraph patterns by allowing flexibility. To achieve high efficiency, I adapted evolutionary computation to subgraph mining and proposed to learn how to prune search space from search history. To allow flexibility, I proposed to loosely assemble small rigid graphs for structural flexibility and I proposed a label relaxation technique for label flexibility. I evaluated how applications of discriminative subgraphs can benefit from more efficient and effective mining algorithms. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithms outperform other algorithms in terms of speed. In addition, using discriminative subgraph patterns found by the proposed algorithms leads to competitive or higher classification accuracy than other methods. Allowing structural flexibility enables users to identify subgraph patterns with even higher discrimination power.
Nature of charge density waves and superconductivity in 1\emph{T}-TaSe$_{2-x}$Te$_x$
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Shao, D. F.
name: Li, L. J.
name: Lu, W. J.
name: Zhu, X. D.
name: Tong, P.
name: Xiao, R. C.
name: Ling, L. S.
name: Xi, C. Y.
name: Pi, L.
name: Tian, H. F.
name: Yang, H. X.
name: Li, J. Q.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Zhu, X. B.
name: Sun, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) $MX_2$ ($M$ = Ti, Nb, Ta; $X$ = S, Se, Te) exhibit a rich set of charge density wave (CDW) orders, which usually coexist and/or compete with superconductivity. The mechanisms of CDWs and superconductivity in TMDs are still under debate. Here we perform an investigation on a typical TMD system, 1\emph{T}-TaSe$_{2-x}$Te$_x$ ($0 \leq x \leq 2$). Doping-induced disordered distribution of Se/Te suppresses CDWs in 1\emph{T}-TaSe$_2$. A domelike superconducting phase with the maximum $T_\textrm{c}^{\textrm{onset}}$ of 2.5 K was observed near CDWs. The superconducting volume is very small inside the CDW phase and becomes very large instantly when the CDW phase is fully suppressed. The observations can be understood based on the strong \emph{\textbf{q}}-dependent electron-phonon coupling-induced periodic-lattice-distortion (PLD) mechanism of CDWs. The volume variation of superconductivity implies the emergence of domain walls in the suppressing process of CDWs. Our concluded scenario makes a fundamental understanding about CDWs and related superconductivity in TMDs.
Quantum j-invariant in positive characteristic I: Definition and Convergence
Creators: name: Demangos, L.
name: Gendron, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R58

description: We introduce the quantum $j$-invariant in positive characteristic as a multi-valued, modular-invariant function of a local function field. In this paper, we concentrate on basic definitions and questions of convergence. Note: This version contains a correction to the published version of Theorem 3. The error that was found is not in any way serious, but its correction does change slightly the statement of Theorem 3 appearing in the published version. Otherwise, it has no impact on this article nor any of its sequels.
description: 10 pages
A generalization of intertwining operators for vertex operator algebras
Creators: name: Tanabe, Kenichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B69

description: We generalize the notion of an intertwining operator to N-graded weak modules over a vertex operator algebra and study their properties. We show a formula for the dimensions of these intertwining operators in terms of modules over the Zhu algebras under some conditions on N-graded weak modules.
description: 33 pages, typos corrected
title: Introduction. The ECHR in the ECJ’s Case-law Post-Charter: A Dual Perspective
Creators: name: Davio, Victor
name: Muir, Elise
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: European Court of Justice
subject: European Convention on Human Rights
subject: cross-influences
subject: Charter centrism
subject: methodology
subject: accession

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 317-322
description: The relationship between EU law and the ECHR has undergone significant changes in recent decades. The EU has developed its own Charter of Fundamental Rights, gained powers to promote specific fundamental rights, and negotiations for EU accession to the ECHR are ongoing. These evolving parameters strengthen the interactions between the EU and the ECHR. To ensure the coherence and harmony of the European architecture of fundamental rights, the ECJ and the ECtHR are required to articulate their legal systems. In the post-Charter era, the ECtHR has displayed increasing openness to EU law. Conversely, the ECJ has shown a trend towards “Charter centrism”. This special Dialogue section examines the ECJ's use of ECHR and ECtHR case law in the post-Charter era and the factors contributing to the “Charter centrism” trend. Scholars Romain Tinière and Johan Callewaert present distinct yet complementary perspectives on the topic. Tinière delves into the internal dynamics of the ECJ’s use of the ECHR, while Callewaert provides an external viewpoint from the standpoint of national judges. Even if the EU successfully accedes to the ECHR, the interaction between the ECJ and the ECtHR will remain crucial for upholding fundamental rights in Europe. While recognizing the ECJ's need to develop its own approach to fundamental rights in specific contexts, maintaining consistency and methodological rigor in articulating the two sources of fundamental rights protection is essential for enhancing legal certainty.
Birationality of moduli spaces of twisted $\mathrm{U}(p,q)$-Higgs bundles
Creators: name: Gothen, Peter B.
name: Nozad, Azizeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20 (Primary), 14H60, 53C07 (Secondary)

description: A $\mathrm{U}(p,q)$-Higgs bundle on a Riemann surface (twisted by a line bundle) consists of a pair of holomorphic vector bundles, together with a pair of (twisted) maps between them. Their moduli spaces depend on a real parameter $α$. In this paper we study wall crossing for the moduli spaces of $α$-polystable twisted $\mathrm{U}(p,q)$-Higgs bundles. Our main result is that the moduli spaces are birational for a certain range of the parameter and we deduce irreducibility results using known results on Higgs bundles. Quiver bundles and the Hitchin-Kobayashi correspondence play an essential role.
description: 29 pages; final version, to appear in Revista Matem\'atica Complutense
title: The Use of ECtHR Case Law by the CJEU: Instrumentalisation or Quest for Autonomy and Legitimacy?
Creators: name: Tinière, Romain
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ECHR
subject: EU Charter
subject: legitimacy
subject: EU law autonomy
subject: CJEU
subject: instrumentalisation

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 323-330
description: I. Introduction. – II. Post-Charter situation at first glance. – III. Post Charter situation: Second thoughts. – III.1 Autonomy (first) – III.2 Legitimacy (when needed). – IV. Conclusion: What about the standard of protection?
description: Whilst the ECtHR’s case-law has occupied a central position in the CJEU’s fundamental rights case-law since the latter’s beginning, the entry into force of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights seems to have opened a new and more chaotic period. Relying on this new fundamental rights instrument, the CJEU tends to cite ECtHR case-law in a far less systematic way, raising questions about the function of this case-law in the CJEU’s new and ever-growing fundamental rights jurisprudential corpus. But, beyond this apparent inconsistency, nothing has really changed: ECtHR case-law still helps the CJEU to legitimate its own jurisprudence, being summoned whenever the EU Court needs it, and the ECHR human rights standard is still the CJEU’s first (but not only) compass.
How priors of initial hyperparameters affect Gaussian process regression models
Creators: name: Chen, Zexun
name: Wang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The hyperparameters in Gaussian process regression (GPR) model with a specified kernel are often estimated from the data via the maximum marginal likelihood. Due to the non-convexity of marginal likelihood with respect to the hyperparameters, the optimization may not converge to the global maxima. A common approach to tackle this issue is to use multiple starting points randomly selected from a specific prior distribution. As a result the choice of prior distribution may play a vital role in the predictability of this approach. However, there exists little research in the literature to study the impact of the prior distributions on the hyperparameter estimation and the performance of GPR. In this paper, we provide the first empirical study on this problem using simulated and real data experiments. We consider different types of priors for the initial values of hyperparameters for some commonly used kernels and investigate the influence of the priors on the predictability of GPR models. The results reveal that, once a kernel is chosen, different priors for the initial hyperparameters have no significant impact on the performance of GPR prediction, despite that the estimates of the hyperparameters are very different to the true values in some cases.
Focal adhesion kinase in cardiac development and disease
Creators: name: DiMichele, Laura Antonietta
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: In the United States, nearly 80 million adults are affected by cardiovascular disease. The spectrum of disease range from congenital structural defects to acquired structural changes in response to an increased hemodynamic load on the heart, myocardial infarction, or hormonal imbalance. Cardiovascular disease accounts for significant amounts of morbidity and mortality and is currently the number one cause of death in the U.S. Congenital heart disease is the most common cause of infant death from birth defects. Genetic studies in lower vertebrates have been critical to the understanding of the specific factors required for heart development. These studies suggest that cardiac abnormalities may be mediated by abnormal regulation of transcription factors. Although several transcription factors involved in cardiac development have been elucidated, much regarding specific signaling pathways implicated in abnormal cardiogenesis is still unknown. Acquired cardiac disease can occur in response to various stimuli. For example, an increased hemodynamic load can result in compensatory hypertrophic remodeling and may progress to pathologic hypertrophy. A common manifestation of this pathologic process is a constellation of symptoms known as congestive heart failure. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is responsible for a variety of biological functions including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Several studies demonstrated a role for FAK binding partners and/or for upstream activators of FAK throughout cardiac development and disease. However, since germline deletion of FAK results in early embryonic lethality, it is difficult to study the specific role for FAK in cardiac development and disease. Therefore, we addressed this issue by creating several mouse models which express tissue specific expression of FAK, or its dominant negative FAK-related non-kinase (FRNK). We used these mice to investigate the role of FAK in cardiogenesis, anabolic growth, and cardiac disease. Collectively, these conditional mouse models demonstrated that FAK activity and/or its expression is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation throughout development, is dispensable for anabolic growth of the heart, and is necessary and sufficient for the induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Further characterization of the precise signaling pathways downstream of FAK may lead to targets for future therapeutic intervention to treat congenital and acquired heart disease.
title: Convention Control Over the Application of Union Law by National Judges: The Case for a Wholistic Approach to Fundamental Rights
Creators: name: Callewaert, Johan
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ECHR
subject: EU-Charter
subject: legal clarity
subject: duality of norms
subject: methodology
subject: wholistic approach

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 331-347
description: I. Convention Control Over the Application of Union Law by Domestic Courts. – I.1 The principle. – I.2 Applications. – II. The Case for a Wholistic Approach to Fundamental Rights – State of the Play. – II.1 The European Court of Human Rights. – II.2 The Court of Justice of the European Union. – III. Conclusion.
description: Legal acts performed by EU Member States applying Union law come within the scope of the Convention and can give rise to adjudication by the ECtHR. A long series of judgments illustrate the ECtHR’s approach regarding the application of Union law by the courts of EU Member States. The Convention and Union law are not two autonomous systems separated by a watertight fence. Both European Courts should therefore adopt a wholistic approach in this area, because only a wholistic view takes full account of the legal reality which is one of interaction and intertwining. The ECtHR makes abundant use of EU law sources, thereby always explicitly referring to them. Three different categories of cases can be identified in how the CJEU goes about the Convention in its case-law.
Epidemics on networks with heterogeneous population and stochastic infection rates
Creators: name: Bonaccorsi, Stefano
name: Ottaviano, Stefania
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study the diffusion of an SIS-type epidemics on a network under the presence of a random environment, that enters in the definition of the infection rates of the nodes. Accordingly, we model the infection rates in the form of independent stochastic processes. To analyze the problem, we apply a mean field approximation, which allows to get a stochastic differential equations for the probability of infection in each node, and classical tools about stability, which require to find suitable Lyapunov's functions. Here, we find conditions which guarantee, respectively, extinction and stochastic persistence of the epidemics. We show that there exists two regions, given in terms of the coefficients of the model, one where the system goes to extinction almost surely, and the other where it is stochastic permanent. These two regions are, unfortunately, not adjacent, as there is a gap between them, whose extension depends on the specific level of noise. In this last region, we perform numerical analysis to suggest the true behavior of the solution.
title: Preface: Rewriting Landmark Judgments of the European Court of Justice: A New Project for European Papers and a New Way of ‘Doing EU Law’
Creators: name: Lindeboom, Justin
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: free movement of goods
subject: article 30 EEC
subject: article 34 TFEU
subject: internal market
subject: measures having equivalent effect
subject: certain selling arrangements

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 349-352
description: This preface to the new series What ... Should Have Said: Rewriting Landmark Judgments of the European Court of Justice introduces the project and its rationale. Legal scholars typically critically analyse court judgments so as to provide a ‘soft power based’ check on judicial reasoning and provide doctrinal and normative guidance for courts in future cases. Notwithstanding the merits of legal scholarship, especially scholarly critiques of case law invites the question of how these scholars concretely would have decided the respective cases. What ... Should Have Said provides a new way of ‘doing EU law’ by asking both junior and senior EU legal scholars to literally rewrite landmark judgments of the European Court of Justice.
Applicability of Taylor's hypothesis in thermally driven turbulence
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhishek
name: Verma, Mahendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show that in the presence of large-scale circulation (LSC), Taylor's hypothesis can be invoked to deduce the energy spectrum in thermal convection using real space probes, a popular experimental tool. We perform numerical simulation of turbulent convection in a cube and observe that the velocity field follows Kolmogorov's spectrum ($k^{-5/3}$). We also record the velocity time series using real space probes near the lateral walls. The corresponding frequency spectrum exhibits Kolmogorov's spectrum ($f^{-5/3}$), thus validating Taylor's hypothesis with the steady LSC playing the role of a mean velocity field. The aforementioned findings based on real space probes provide valuable inputs for experimental measurements used for studying the spectrum of convective turbulence.
Moral moods
Creators: name: Schellenberg, Ingra
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: In this dissertation, I argue that moods can be intentional states, that is, they can be about something. I make this case by exploring the moods that underlie two psychopathological diagnoses: depression and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The view that moods can be intentional is counter to dominant positions in both philosophy and medicine. This project has three elements. First, I critically examine current medical approaches to depression and BPD. I distinguish two dominant models of medical practice and argue that many medical practitioners within both models (implicitly) deny the potential intentionality of moods. This results in a widespread medical mischaracterisation of depression and BPD. Second, I argue that the intentional features of those moods that underlie depression and BPD can be appreciated when one assumes the role first of 'affective reconstructor' and then of 'affective interlocutor.' Affective reconstructors explore the origins of someone's mood with the aim of identifying its intentional object(s). If an intentional object is found, one can assume the role of affective interlocutor. In that role one actively engages with the mood experiencer, carefully considering whether those intentional object(s) fit appropriately with the mood. Third, once the moods that underlie depression and BPD are seen as potentially intentional, I argue that they may be 'moral moods.' I use case studies of sufferers of depression and BPD, particularly the character of Sophie (from William Styron's novel Sophie's Choice) and Lilah, a composite of several patients diagnosed with BPD. I argue that their moods are responses to moral violation. Non-intentional accounts of moods, either philosophical or medical, will fail to acknowledge the moral dimension of these moods. I argue that this is a substantial failure, both for Sophie and Lilah and also for those around them, who will miss the opportunity to fully understand their experiences.
Orthogonal Magnetization and Symmetry Breaking in Pyrochlore Iridate Eu2Ir2O7
Creators: name: Liang, Tian
name: Hsieh, Timothy H.
name: Ishikawa, Jun J.
name: Nakatsuji, Satoru
name: Fu, Liang
name: Ong, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons in the pyrochore iridates experience a large interaction energy in addition to a strong spin-orbit interaction. Both features make the iridates promising for realizing novel states such as the Topological Mott Insulator. The pyrochlore iridate Eu$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ shows a metal-insulator transition at $T_N \sim$ 120 K below which a magnetically ordered state develops. Using torque magnetometry, we uncover a highly unusual magnetic response. A magnetic field $\bf H$ applied in its $a$-$b$ plane produces a nonlinear magnetization $M_\perp$ orthogonal to the plane. $M_\perp$ displays a $d$-wave field-angle pattern consistent with octupolar order, with a handedness dictated by field cooling, leading to symmetry breaking of the chirality $ω$. A surprise is that the lobe orientation of the $d$-wave pattern is sensitive to the direction of the field when the sample is field-cooled below $T_N$, suggestive of an additional order parameter $η$ already present at 300 K.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures
An invariance principle for branching diffusions in bounded domains
Creators: name: Powell, Ellen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study branching diffusions in a bounded domain $D$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$ in which particles are killed upon hitting the boundary $\partial D$. It is known that any such process undergoes a phase transition when the branching rate $β$ exceeds a critical value: a multiple of the first eigenvalue of the generator of the diffusion. We investigate the system at criticality and show that the associated genealogical tree, when the process is conditioned to survive for a long time, converges to Aldous' Continuum Random Tree under appropriate rescaling. The result holds under only a mild assumption on the domain, and is valid for all branching mechanisms with finite variance, and a general class of diffusions.
description: Substantial revision in v4. Convergence to CRT added in v2
A Java Library for RO-Crate
Creators: name: Tzotchev, Nikola
name: Pfeil, Andreas
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Data Management
Research Data Package
Software Library
Benchmark

description: We developed a Library to create and modify Research-Object-Crates using the Java programming language. This is our presentation for the RO-Crate community meeting, giving an overview about the result.
Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren von Eisenmangel bei jungen Müttern
Creators: name: Wagener, Iris Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Risikofaktoren
subject: Prävalenz
subject: Eisenmangel
subject: Mütter
subject: Iron Deficiency
subject: Mothers
subject: Prevalence
subject: Risk Factors
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: XG 4100

description: Lebensqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit werden durch einen unbemerkten Eisenmangel beeinträchtigt. Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter haben einen erhöhten Eisenbedarf, der in der Schwangerschaft noch zunimmt. Ziel der Untersuchung war, die Prävalenz von Eisenmangel bei Müttern unter deutschen Lebensbedingungen zu evaluieren. Der Eisenstatus von 507 Müttern wurde zwischen September 1997 und August 1998 untersucht. Datenquellen waren venöse Blutentnahme und Fragebogen. Neben konventionellen Messgrößen wurde eine erhöhte Konzentration des löslichen Transferrinrezeptors als Leitindikator für einen Eisenmangel verwendet. Bei 9,5 % der Mütter besteht ein zellulärer Eisenmangel, eine Eisenmangelanämie bei nur 2,2 % aller Mütter. Abgesehen von fehlendem Einsetzen der Menstruation ein Jahr post partum, sind rein vegetarische Ernährung, Multiparität und nicht deutsche Nationalität Risikofaktoren für einen Eisenmangel. Assoziiert mit geringen mütterlichen Hämoglobinkonzentrationen sind Body-Mass-Index unter 19,8, Alter unter 25 Jahren, fehlende Berufsausbildung und hohes Geburtsgewicht des Kindes. Alkoholkonsum und Rauchen scheinen vor Eisenmangel und Anämie zu schützen. Kinder von Müttern mit unzureichender Eisenversorgung neigen ebenfalls verstärkt zu einem Eisenmangel.
description: Qualitiy of life and achievements are impaired by unrecognised iron deficiency. The iron requirement of women during their child-bearing age is high and increases in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for iron deficiency in young mothers under contemporary German life conditions. Between September 1997 and August 1998 the iron status of 507 mothers of one-year old children was assessed. The data was derived from venous blood and questionnaires. Besides conventional methods, the concentration of soluble transferrin receptor was used as leading indicator of iron status. 9,5 % had cellular iron deficiency and 2,2 % of all mothers had iron deficiency anemia. In addition to absence of menstruation one year postpartum, vegetarian foood, a high number of children and non-German nationality are risk factors for iron deficiency. Associated with low maternal hemoglobin concentration are body mass index below 19,8, age below 25 years, low level of education and high birth weight of the child. In contrast, high alcohol intake and cigarette smoking are associated with a better iron status and higher hemoglobin concentrations. Children of mothers with insufficient iron supply are also at higher risk of iron deficiency.
The role of RhoA signaling pathways in regulating HIV-1 replication
Creators: name: Loomis, Rebecca Jo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: RhoGTPases are involved in regulating important cellular processes including cytoskeletal organization, gene transcription and membrane vesicle transport – poising RhoGTPases to link these pathways to HIV-1 replication. However, RhoGTPase function in HIV-1 replication is essentially unknown. RhoA activation can be modulated by the cytoplasmic tail of the HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein through its interaction with p115RhoGEF, a RhoA specific activator. Furthermore, activation of the RhoA signaling pathway inhibits HIV-1 gene expression. To investigate how RhoA pathways modulate HIV-1 replication, I tested individual RhoA effectors. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) specifically inhibits HIV-1 gene expression in T cells. A ROCK specific inhibitor counteracts RhoA inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression, indicating that RhoA signals via ROCK to inhibit HIV-1. HIV-1 LTR mutations in either the NF-κB or Sp1 binding sites abrogate ROCK-mediated inhibition. ROCK may disrupt the cooperative interaction between NF-κB and Sp1 or modulate epigenetic regulation to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression. Additionally, I identified a disparate role for the RhoA effector, citron kinase. Citron kinase preferentially enhances HIV-1 virion production by promoting exocytosis. This activity depends on the leucine zipper, Rho-binding and zinc-finger domains, but not the kinase activity, of citron kinase. Although citron kinase-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 replication is late domain independent, an intact late endosomal sorting pathway is required. Citron kinase may act as a scaffold, linking host proteins to the endosomal sorting and exosomal pathways. I also found a functional interaction between citron kinase and the ESCRT-I component, Tsg101. Ectopic expression of either citron kinase or Tsg101 enhances HIV-1 virion production, however, coexpression of citron kinase and Tsg101 inhibits HIV-1 replication. This functional interaction is mediated by the kinase activity of citron and the PTAP-binding region of Tsg101. The two activities of citron kinase involved in HIV-1 regulation are distinct and independent of one another. In summary, I identified two RhoA effectors, ROCK and citron kinase to regulate HIV-1 replication. ROCK specifically inhibits HIV-1 gene expression while citron kinase demonstrates a disparate role. These RhoA effectors may provide novel targets for developing antiviral therapeutics and further our understanding of the role of RhoA signaling pathways in HIV-1 replication.
The EPR Paradox Implies A Minimum Achievable Temperature
Creators: name: Rogers, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carefully examine the thermodynamic consequences of the repeated partial projection model for coupling a quantum system to an arbitrary series of environments under feedback control. This paper provides observational definitions of heat and work that can be realized in current laboratory setups. In contrast to other definitions, it uses only properties of the environment and the measurement outcomes, avoiding references to the `measurement' of the central system's state in any basis. These definitions are consistent with the usual laws of thermodynamics at all temperatures, while never requiring complete projective measurement of the entire system. It is shown that the back-action of measurement must be counted as work rather than heat to satisfy the second law. Comparisons are made to stochastic Schrödinger unravelling and transition-probability based methods, many of which appear as particular limits of the present model. These limits show that our total entropy production is a lower bound on traditional definitions of heat that trace out the measurement device. Examining the master equation approximation to the process at finite measurement rates, we show that most interactions with the environment make the system unable to reach absolute zero. We give an explicit formula for the minimum temperature achievable in repeatedly measured quantum systems. The phenomenon of minimum temperature offers a novel explanation of recent experiments aimed at testing fluctuation theorems in the quantum realm and places a fundamental purity limit on quantum computers.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures (submitted)
title: What Keck and Mithouard Should Have Said: Preventing Substantial Barriers to Market Access
Creators: name: Nachtnebel, Niklas
name: Langrée, Antoine
name: Rodger, Fraser
name: Shuibhne, Niamh Nic
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: free movement of goods
subject: article 30 EEC
subject: article 34 TFEU
subject: internal market
subject: measures having equivalent effect
subject: certain selling arrangements

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 363-372
description: This rewriting of Keck and Mithouard is based on three categories of measures having equivalent effect: (1) national measures which disadvantage imported goods, (2) product requirements and (3) indistinctly applicable measures capable of substantially impeding the access of goods to a Member State market. Thus, instead of the category of national measures relating to certain selling arrangements, Nachtnebel, Langrée and Rodger's judgment emphasises that national measures which do not discriminate directly or indirectly, and which do not qualify as 'product requirements' in the sense of Cassis de Dijon, must substantially impede market access in order to qualify as measures having equivalent effect. The resulting judgment roughly follows the approach of Advocate General Jacobs in Leclerc-Siplec.
Quantum critical transport at a continuous metal-insulator transition
Creators: name: Haldar, P.
name: Laad, M. S.
name: Hassan, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to the first-order correlation-driven Mott metal-insulator transition (MIT), contin- uous disorder-driven transitions are intrinsically quantum critical. Here, we investigate transport quantum criticality in the Falicov-Kimball model, a representative of the latter class in the "strong disorder" category. Employing cluster-dynamical mean-field theory (CDMFT), we find clear and anomalous quantum critical scaling behavior manifesting as perfect mirror symmetry of scaling curves on both sides of the MIT. Surprisingly, we find that the beta-function, \b{eta}(g), scales like log(g) deep into the bad-metallic phase as well, providing sound unified basis for these findings. We argue that such "strong localization" quantum criticality may manifest in real three-dimensional systems where disorder effects are more important than electron-electron interactions.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Iridium-catalyzed reduction of C-X bonds (X = F, Cl, Br, I, O) bonds with triethylsilane
Creators: name: Yang, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Alkyl halides are generally reduced with trialkyl tin hydrides via a radical chain mechanism. Alternative reduction procedures are desired owing to the toxicity of the tin reagents and problems separating tin byproducts from reduction products. We have discovered and developed a highly efficient and environmental friendly procedure for the reduction of a broad range of alkyl halides by triethylsilane reagents with cationic iridium pincer catalysts. In-depth mechanistic studies have been carried out which have revealed a unique catalytic cycle. The electrophilic iridium hydride complex binds and activates the silane. This complex transfers "Et3Si+" to the halide forming a highly active bridged halonium ion which is rapidly reduced by the iridium dihydride remaining following silyl transfer and the cationic iridium hydride complex is thus regenerated. All key intermediates have been identified by in situ NMR monitoring and kinetic studies have been completed. The key Ir(silane)intermediate has even been isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, which shows an unprecedented example of a cationic transition metal eta1-silane complex. In application of this novel chemistry to other organic functional groups, we have been particularly drawn to the cleavage and reduction of alkyl ethers, due to its several potential applications. We have found that these cationic iridium pincer catalysts are highly active for the room-temperature cleavage and reduction of a wide variety of unactivated alkyl ethers with triethylsilane. For example, diethyl ether can be readily converted to two equivalents of ethane and Et3SiOSiEt3. Poly(ethylene glycol) can be readily degraded to Et3SiOCH2CH2OSiEt3 and ethane. Mechanistic studies have revealed the full details of the catalytic cycle with the resting state(s) depending on the basicity of the alkyl ether. The key intermediate diethyl(triethylsilyl)oxonium ion has been isolated and fully characterized by low temperature NMR spectroscopies and X-ray crystallography.
Military Service, Deployments, And Exposures in Relation to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Etiology and Survival
Creators: name: Beard, John
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: Industrial safety
Epidemiology
Armed Forces

description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease. Its importance as a public health problem lies in its generally rapid progression and often fatal outcome. ALS rates have been reported to be higher among U.S. military veterans, of which there are currently more than 21 million, but the causal agents related to military service have not been identified. Previous studies were limited by reliance on mortality as a surrogate for incidence, a dearth of survival analyses, lack of clinical data, low statistical power, and limited exposure assessment. We used information from Genes and Environmental Exposures in Veterans with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a study of 630 veteran ALS cases and 975 frequency-matched veteran controls to 1) evaluate associations between aspects of military service, deployments, and 40 exposures and ALS etiology; and 2) evaluate associations between aspects of military service, deployments, and 40 exposures and ALS survival. We used inverse probability weighting to evaluate and adjust for potential selection bias resulting from studying cases who likely represent long survivors and controls who may be different from U.S. military veterans at large. We observed several inverse associations between ALS and military service and deployment variables, but these may be because the control group was comprised of many career military veterans. We found lower odds of ALS among officers and higher odds among veterans whose longest deployment was World War II or the Korean War. There was no difference in the odds of ALS among veterans of the Air Force, Army, Marines, and Navy. ALS was more common among veterans who had direct contact with eight exposures incurred during deployment to four major wars. We did not find strong evidence that military-related factors were associated with shorter ALS survival. While we cannot exclude the effects of uncontrolled selection bias or confounding by non-military exposures on our results, they provide clues to potential causal factors underlying the apparent increase of ALS among military veterans and, therefore, require replication and further study. Furthermore, the null association we found between military-related factors and ALS survival may be comforting to ALS cases who are military veterans.
title: Introduction: What Keck and Mithouard Actually Said – And Its Legacy
Creators: name: Lindeboom, Justin
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: free movement of goods
subject: article 30 EEC
subject: article 34 TFEU
subject: internal market
subject: measures having equivalent effect
subject: certain selling arrangements

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 353-362
description: The European Court of Justice's judgment in Keck and Mithouard is one of the crucial judgments in the development of the free movement of goods, and EU internal market law more generally. Keck generated a vast number of scholarly commentaries. Its legacy has continued to be widely debated following more recent judgments including Commission v Italy (trailers) and Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung. This introduction aims to briefly revisit the developments leading to the Keck judgment, the central parts of the Court's reasoning, and its legacy in subsequent case law. It will conclude with a brief introduction to the four rewritings in this issue.