cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Alyssum heterotrichum Boiss.
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Alyssum
Alyssum heterotrichum

description: Alyssum heterotrichum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 15. 1846.
 Meniocus heterotrichus (Boiss.) Hadač & Chrtek in Acta Univ. Carol., Biol. 1971: 260. 1973.
Type: “Hab. ad muros hortorum prope ruinas Persepolis Kotschy No. 224”.
Holotypus: IRAN: “Ad muros hortorum pr. ruinas u. Persepolis”, 11.IV.1842, Kotschy 224 (G-BOIS [G00332412]; iso-: B [B100244989, B100244990], BM [BM000583321], CAS [CAS0026911], E [E00386124], FR [FR0038380], G [G00446180, G00446181, G00446182], GOET [GOET002684], H [H1262689], HAL [HAL0086102], JE [JE00003004, JE00003005], K [K000484970], KW [KW000127916], L [L1831206], MO [MO5457861, MO5492010], MPU [MPU013511], OXF, P [P02272269, P02272271, P02272272, P02272273, P02272274, P02272275, P02272276, P04628050, P04708538], US [US00100415], W [W0003838, W18890029631, W18890154960], WU [WU0101798]).
Note. – The previous and following pairs of entries have long been fluctuating between the genera Alyssum and Meniocus, but from ŠPANIEL et al. (2015) onward, the latter genus is firmly established on solid morphological and molecular grounds. It is readily distinguished from Alyssum by having 2–4(–8) vs 2 ovules per locule on parietal vs apical or subapical placentae.
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
Visualizing probabilistic models: Intensive Principal Component Analysis
Creators: name: Quinn, Katherine N.
name: Clement, Colin B.
name: De Bernardis, Francesco
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Sethna, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unsupervised learning makes manifest the underlying structure of data without curated training and specific problem definitions. However, the inference of relationships between data points is frustrated by the `curse of dimensionality' in high-dimensions. Inspired by replica theory from statistical mechanics, we consider replicas of the system to tune the dimensionality and take the limit as the number of replicas goes to zero. The result is the intensive embedding, which is not only isometric (preserving local distances) but allows global structure to be more transparently visualized. We develop the Intensive Principal Component Analysis (InPCA) and demonstrate clear improvements in visualizations of the Ising model of magnetic spins, a neural network, and the dark energy cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model as applied to the Cosmic Microwave Background.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Ferroelectric Properties and Exciton Localization in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors
Creators: name: Gabel, Matthew Louis
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: 2D semiconductor
exciton
ferroelectric
In2Se3
van der Waals material
Applied Physics

description: The ferroelectric and optical properties of two-dimensional indium selenide (In2Se3), as well as the mechanical and optical properties of stacked monolayer molybdenum di-selenide (MoSe2) and tungsten di-selenide (WSe2), were investigated through a variety of electrical and spectroscopic techniques. Of special interest was how domains are formed during the ferroelectric polarization flipping (generated with an applied voltage) within In2Se3 memristors. Notably, in the change between low and high resistance states, the polarization flipping was limited to the channel region between the biased and grounded electrodes, not at the electrode contact as previously assumed. The ferroelectric properties of In2Se3 were also examined in how they responded to low-level illumination by a laser. By exposing the layers to global and localized light illumination it was found that the light generated changes in the ferroelectric polarization. These changes were especially evident when polarization changes generated by electrical pulses were put under illumination. This resulted in movement of the ferroelectric domain regions as a direct effect of the low-level illumination without any voltage-generated electric field. Finally, MoSe2 and WSe2 heterobilayer structures were tested under extremely localized tip-enhanced photoluminescent (PL) measurements which revealed the presence of interlayer trions that responded to mechanical stress and small-scale surface inhomogeneities with significant shifts in their PL peaks. These observed features are much smaller than the diffraction limit of traditional PL mapping, providing new insight into exciton formation. These investigations into semiconductor properties reveal a variety of potential directions for semiconductor research going forward, especially ferroelectric domain wall motion and characterization of strain-tuned optical emission in heterostructures.
The $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^-$ current ensures robust and reliable signal amplification in vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons
Creators: name: Reisert, Johannes
name: Reingruber, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Activation of most primary sensory neurons results in transduction currents that are carried by cations. One notable exception is the vertebrate olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), where the transduction current is carried largely by the anion $Cl^-$. However, it remains unclear why ORNs use an anionic current for signal amplification. We have sought to provide clarification on this topic by studying the so far neglected dynamics of $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ in the small space of olfactory cilia during an odorant response. Using computational modeling and simulations we compared the outcomes of signal amplification based on either $Cl^-$ or $Na^+$ currents. We found that amplification produced by $Na^+$ influx instead of a $Cl^-$ efflux is problematic due to several reasons: First, the $Na^+$ current amplitude varies greatly depending on mucosal ion concentration changes. Second, a $Na^+$ current leads to a large increase in the ciliary $Na^+$ concentration during an odorant response. This increase inhibits and even reverses $Ca^{2+}$ clearance by $Na^+/Ca^{2+}/K^+$ exchange, which is essential for response termination. Finally, a $Na^+$ current increases the ciliary osmotic pressure, which could cause swelling to damage the cilia. By contrast, a transduction pathway based on $Cl^-$ efflux circumvents these problems and renders the odorant response robust and reliable.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures (including SI)
Alyssum huetii Boiss.
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Alyssum
Alyssum huetii

description: Alyssum huetii Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 287. 1867.
 Meniocus hirsutus Boiss. & A. Huet in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 5: 32. 1856.
Type: “Hab. in neglectis circâ Erzeroum cl. Huet du Pavillon in consortio M. linifolii ”.
Lectotypus (designated by DUDLEY,1965a: 192): TURKEY: “In neglectis prope Erzuroum”, 6000' [1830 m], VI.1853, Huet du Pavillon s.n. (G-BOIS [G00332416]; isolecto-: FI [FI 010112], JE [JE00003003], OXF, WAG [WAG0004268]). Syntypus: TURKEY: “Circà Erzeroum”, VII.1853, Huet du Pavillon s.n. (BM [BM000946181], G [G00388935, G00388936, G00388937], K [K000484972], P [02272288]).
Notes. – Boissier in Flora Orientalis renamed the species in Alyssum, listed his Meniocus hirsutus in its synonymy, and cited the type of the latter and additional collections under Alyssum huetii. Obviously, he was aware of the earlier published A. hirsutum M. Bieb. (Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 106. 1808) that prevented him from the transfer of Meniocus hirsutus to Alyssum.
All of the isolectotypes and syntypes cited above have printed labels indicating “Huet du Pavillon. Plantae Orientales exsiccatae. Circà Erzeroum. 1853 Armenia ” and the collection month (June or July) and the word “In neglectis” or “Inter segetes” were often added to collections of both months. The lectotype was collected in June, and the July collections (e.g., [BM000946181] and [K000484972]), are recognized as syntypes. The G00388935 duplicate has number 1240 indicated and no collection month.
DUDLEY (1965a) indicated that the holotype of M. hirsutus is Balansa 1252 at G, but this collection was never cited in the original protologue of this species.
The transfer of Alyssum huetii to Meniocus by HADAČ & CHRTEK (1973) is illegitimate and superfluous because of the existence of earlier published Meniocus hirsutus. Their combination has erroneously been accepted by ŠPANIEL et al. (2015).
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
On the bounded generation of arithmetic ${\rm SL}_2$
Creators: name: Jordan, Bruce W.
name: Zaytman, Yevgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G30 (11C20)

description: Let $K$ be a number field and ${\mathcal O}$ be the ring of $S$-integers in $K$. Morgan, Rapinchuck, and Sury have proved that if the group of units ${\mathcal O}^{\times}$ is infinite, then every matrix in ${\rm SL}_2({\mathcal O})$ is a product of at most $9$ elementary matrices. We prove that under the additional hypothesis that $K$ has at least one real embedding or $S$ contains a finite place we can get a product of at most $8$ elementary matrices. If we assume a suitable Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, then every matrix in ${\rm SL}_2({\mathcal O})$ is the product of at most $5$ elementary matrices if $K$ has at least one real embedding, the product of at most $6$ elementary matrices if $S$ contains a finite place, and the product of at most $7$ elementary matrices in general.
description: We are grateful to Aleksander Morgan for pointing out that in the previous version of the paper, Lemma 2.3---although correct---was insufficient to prove Theorem 1.2. We fix this here by replacing the former Lemma 2.3 involving the quadratic Hilbert symbol with a more general statement using the power residue symbol
Femtosecond Covariance Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Tollerud, J.
name: Sparapassi, G.
name: Montanaro, A.
name: Asban, S.
name: Glerean, F.
name: Giusti, F.
name: Marciniak, A.
name: Kourousias, G.
name: Billè, F.
name: Cilento, F.
name: Mukamel, S.
name: Fausti, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The success of non-linear optics relies largely on pulse-to-pulse consistency. In contrast, covariance based techniques used in photoionization electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry have shown that wealth of information can be extracted from noise that is lost when averaging multiple measurements. Here, we apply covariance based detection to nonlinear optical spectroscopy, and show that noise in a femtosecond laser is not necessarily a liability to be mitigated, but can act as a unique and powerful asset. As a proof of principle we apply this approach to the process of stimulated Raman scattering in alpha-quartz. Our results demonstrate how nonlinear processes in the sample can encode correlations between the spectral components of ultrashort pulses with uncorrelated stochastic fluctuations. This in turn provides richer information compared to the standard non-linear optics techniques that are based on averages over many repetitions with well-behaved laser pulses. These proof-of-principle results suggest that covariance based nonlinear spectroscopy will improve the applicability of fs non-linear spectroscopy in wavelength ranges where stable, transform limited pulses are not available such as, for example, x-ray free electron lasers which naturally have spectrally noisy pulses ideally suited for this approach.
Sampling Can Be Faster Than Optimization
Creators: name: Ma, Yi-An
name: Chen, Yuansi
name: Jin, Chi
name: Flammarion, Nicolas
name: Jordan, Michael I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimization algorithms and Monte Carlo sampling algorithms have provided the computational foundations for the rapid growth in applications of statistical machine learning in recent years. There is, however, limited theoretical understanding of the relationships between these two kinds of methodology, and limited understanding of relative strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, existing results have been obtained primarily in the setting of convex functions (for optimization) and log-concave functions (for sampling). In this setting, where local properties determine global properties, optimization algorithms are unsurprisingly more efficient computationally than sampling algorithms. We instead examine a class of nonconvex objective functions that arise in mixture modeling and multi-stable systems. In this nonconvex setting, we find that the computational complexity of sampling algorithms scales linearly with the model dimension while that of optimization algorithms scales exponentially.
Theory of mechano-chemical patterning in biphasic biological tissues
Creators: name: Recho, P.
name: Hallou, A.
name: Hannezo, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The formation of self-organized patterns is key to the morphogenesis of multicellular organisms, although a comprehensive theory of biological pattern formation is still lacking. Here, we propose a minimal model combining tissue mechanics to morphogen turnover and transport in order to explore new routes to patterning. Our active description couples morphogen reaction-diffusion, which impact on cell differentiation and tissue mechanics, to a two-phase poroelastic rheology, where one tissue phase consists of a poroelastic cell network and the other of a permeating extracellular fluid, which provides a feedback by actively transporting morphogens. While this model encompasses previous theories approximating tissues to inert monophasic media, such as Turing's reaction-diffusion model, it overcomes some of their key limitations permitting pattern formation via any two-species biochemical kinetics thanks to mechanically induced cross-diffusion flows. Moreover, we describe a qualitatively different advection-driven Keller-Segel instability which allows for the formation of patterns with a single morphogen, and whose fundamental mode pattern robustly scales with tissue size. We discuss the potential relevance of these findings for tissue morphogenesis.
Alyssum stylare Boiss.
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Alyssum
Alyssum stylare

description: Alyssum stylare (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 287. 1867.
 Meniocus stylaris Boiss. & Balansa in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 6: 16. 1859.
Type: “Hab. inter segetes ad basin montis Karamasdagh quinque leucis ad orientem urbis Caesareae siti. Alt. circ. 1500 metr. Floret Junio. Cl. Balansa”.
Holotypus: TURKEY: “Moissons situées à la base du Karamas-Dagh, à 5 lieues à l’Est de Césarée ”, c. 1500 m, 2.VII.1856, Balansa 486 (G-BOIS [G00332417]; iso-: A, G [G00389038], GOET [GOET002697], K [K000484976, K000484977], OXF, P [P02272336, P02272337, P02272339], W [W18890069352]).
Note. – Duplicates of the type collection have labels with identical locality and collection date, but the holotype has a handwritten label by Balansa with a field number 486, and all the isotypes have mimeographed labels originally written by Balansa and distributed with the exsiccatae number 991.
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
MARKETING TADQIQOTLARNING TAYYOR KIYIMLAR BOZORIDAGI SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH
Creators: name: Joʻrayev, Javohirbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Maqolada marketing tadqiqotlarning tayyor kiyimlar bozoridagi samaradorligini oshirish yuzasidan fikrlar keltirildi.
Nonparametric inference of interaction laws in systems of agents from trajectory data
Creators: name: Lu, Fei
name: Maggioni, Mauro
name: Tang, Sui
name: Zhong, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inferring the laws of interaction between particles and agents in complex dynamical systems from observational data is a fundamental challenge in a wide variety of disciplines. We propose a non-parametric statistical learning approach to estimate the governing laws of distance-based interactions, with no reference or assumption about their analytical form, from data consisting trajectories of interacting agents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our learning approach both by providing theoretical guarantees, and by testing the approach on a variety of prototypical systems in various disciplines. These systems include homogeneous and heterogeneous agents systems, ranging from particle systems in fundamental physics to agent-based systems modeling opinion dynamics under the social influence, prey-predator dynamics, flocking and swarming, and phototaxis in cell dynamics.
Ptilotrichum C. A. Mey.
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Ptilotrichum

description: Ptilotrichum C.A. Mey. in Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 3: 64. 1831.
Notes. – Prior to the use of molecular phylogenetic studies in assessing generic relationships and boundaries in the Brassicaceae, Ptilotrichum was so broadly delimited to encompass as many as 30 species (see IPNI, 2019) currently placed in several genera of different tribes, especially Aurinia Desv. (DUDLEY, 1964c), Bornmuellera Hausskn., and Hormathophylla Cullen & T.R. Dudley of the Alysseae (DUDLEY & CULLEN, 1965; ŠPANIEL et al., 2015) and Stevenia Fisch. of the Stevenieae (GERMAN & AL-SHEHBAZ, 2011).
The generic type of Ptilotrichum was transferred to Stevenia by KRANSOBOROV & GERMAN (2007).
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
title: Sportliche Identität und Motivation in der Leichtathletik
Creators: name: Hackauf, Martin
Year: 2010

description: Vorliegende Magisterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der sportlichen Identität und den Motiven der Sportausübung, bezogen auf die Sportart Leichathletik mit all ihren Disziplinen. Neben der sozialen und personalen Identität, sowie der persönlichen Befriedigung durch die Sportausübung, steht hierbei die Reihung der Wichtigkeit einzelner Motive im Mittelpunkt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden geschlechterspezifisch ausgewertet, miteinander verglichen, dargestellt und beschrieben. Neben einem theoretischen Input wird die aktuelle Situation der Leichtathletik dargestellt und geht in Folge nahtlos in die Ergebnisinterpretation über. Ausgangspunkt und Instrument dieser empirisch-quantitativen Studie stellt ein Fragebogen dar, welcher an LeichtathletInnen zwischen 14 und 37 Jahren ausgegeben wurde. Es wurden 62 Athleten und 40 Athletinnen befragt (n= 102). Die Auswertung wurde mittels des Statistikprogramms SPSS 17.0 durchgeführt. Wie die Ergebnisse gezeigt haben, lassen sich, bezogen auf die Motive, keine signifikanten Geschlechtsunterschiede feststellen.
Additional file 1 of miR-181c-5p/DERL1 pathway controls breast cancer progression mediated by TRAF6-linked K63 ubiquitination of AKT
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Zhang, Zhanqiang
name: Bi, Jiong
name: Tang, Qian
name: Jiang, Keying
name: Yao, Chen
name: Wang, Wenjian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Sika Abrentiz
Creators: name: Baawine, Nicole
Year: 2010

description: Seit geraumer Zeit wird von der lokalen Bevölkerung und auch von Experten des Fischereiministeriums in den küstennahen Fischgründen in Ghana ein stetiger Rückgang im Fischbestand sowie dessen Artenvielfalt festgestellt. Diese Entwicklung stellt eine schleichende aber auch massive Gefahr für die vom Fischfang lebende Bevölkerung dar. Für die bereits heute in sehr fragilen Umständen lebenden Fischergemeinden an der Küste Ghanas bedeutet dies eine enorme Bedrohung ihrer Existenzgrundlage. Diese Arbeit widmet sich einer Küstenstadt in der Central Region von Ghana und ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung, Winneba Town und Akosua Village, und versucht die Vulnerabilität der vom Fischfang lebenden Bewohner darzustellen. Die Analyse basiert auf den wissenschaftlichen Konzepten zum Thema Vulnerabilität von Ben Wisner, Piers Blaikie, Terry Cannon und Ian Davis, deren zentraler Fokus die Haushalte einer Gemeinde sind. Dieses Konzept von Vulnerabilität betont das Zusammenspiel einer schleichenden Bedrohung mit gesellschaftlichen Strukturen. Die Regierung Ghanas entwickelte in Zusammenarbeit mit der Weltbank ein Programm zur Bekämpfung von Vulnerabilität im Zuge einer nachhaltigen Nutzung der Ressource Fisch. Diesem Programm, namentlich Community Based Fisheries Management, widmet sich diese Arbeit im Sinne der Problemlösung innerhalb des Forschungsfeldes Winneba und Akosua Village.
Geometry of environment-to-phenotype mapping: Unifying adaptation strategies in varying environments
Creators: name: Xue, BingKan
name: Sartori, Pablo
name: Leibler, Stanislas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological organisms exhibit diverse strategies for adapting to varying environments. For example, a population of organisms may express the same phenotype in all environments (`unvarying strategy'), or follow environmental cues and express alternative phenotypes to match the environment (`tracking strategy'), or diversify into coexisting phenotypes to cope with environmental uncertainty (`bet-hedging strategy'). We introduce a general framework for studying how organisms respond to environmental variations, which models an adaptation strategy by an abstract mapping from environmental cues to phenotypic traits. Depending on the accuracy of environmental cues and the strength of natural selection, we find different adaptation strategies represented by mappings that maximize the longterm growth rate of a population. The previously studied strategies emerge as special cases of our model: the tracking strategy is favorable when environmental cues are accurate, whereas when cues are noisy, organisms can either use an unvarying strategy or, remarkably, use the uninformative cue as a source of randomness to bet-hedge. Our model of the environment-to-phenotype mapping is based on a network with hidden units; the performance of the strategies is shown to rely on having a high-dimensional internal representation, which can even be random.
description: 12 pages, plus supplemental figures
Additional file 2 of miR-181c-5p/DERL1 pathway controls breast cancer progression mediated by TRAF6-linked K63 ubiquitination of AKT
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Zhang, Zhanqiang
name: Bi, Jiong
name: Tang, Qian
name: Jiang, Keying
name: Yao, Chen
name: Wang, Wenjian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 2
Schivereckia iberidea Boiss. & A. Huet
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Schivereckia
Schivereckia iberidea

description: Schivereckia iberidea Boiss. & A. Huet in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 5: 29. 1856.
Type: “Hab. in Armeniâ propè Zazalarhané cl. Huet du Pavillon”.
Holotypus: TURKEY: “Prope Zazalarchané”, V.1853, Huet du Pavillon s.n. (G-BOIS [G00332418]; iso-: JE [JE00001942], K [K000484117, K000484118, K000484119], S [S0712590], WAG [WAG0104054]).
= Bornmuellera cappadocica (Willd.) Cullen & T.R. Dudley in Feddes Repert. 71: 228. 1965.
Note. – The species was listed by Boissier in Flora Orientalis in the synonymy of Ptilotrichum cappadocicum (Willd.) Boiss.
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
Additional file 3 of miR-181c-5p/DERL1 pathway controls breast cancer progression mediated by TRAF6-linked K63 ubiquitination of AKT
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Zhang, Zhanqiang
name: Bi, Jiong
name: Tang, Qian
name: Jiang, Keying
name: Yao, Chen
name: Wang, Wenjian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 3
Ptilotrichum cyclocarpum Boiss.
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Ptilotrichum
Ptilotrichum cyclocarpum

description: Ptilotrichum cyclocarpum Boiss. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 2, 17: 159. 1842.
 Phyllolepidum cyclocarpum (Boiss.) L. Cecchi in Pl. Biosystems 145: 828. 2011.
Type: “[Aucher-Eloy] N. 279 bis, Kurdistan ”.
Holotypus: TURKEY: “Monzourdag, Kurdistan”, s.d., Aucher-Eloy 279bis (G-BOIS [G00332419]; iso-: BM [BM001254082], G [G00446192], K [K000484525], P [P02272351, P06617344]).
Notes. – Because Boissier based the species description on the unicate of Aucher-Eloy 279bis in his herbarium, that sheet has to be recognized as holotype. The isotype sheet at G belongs to the Moricand’s herbarium, and the two sheets at P were not annotated by him either (see BOISSIER, 1841a).
The generic placement of the species has fluctuated a great deal, but based on molecular phylogenetic studies by CECCHI (2011), the species is firmly placed in Phyllolepidum of the Alysseae.
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
Reconciling modern machine learning practice and the bias-variance trade-off
Creators: name: Belkin, Mikhail
name: Hsu, Daniel
name: Ma, Siyuan
name: Mandal, Soumik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Breakthroughs in machine learning are rapidly changing science and society, yet our fundamental understanding of this technology has lagged far behind. Indeed, one of the central tenets of the field, the bias-variance trade-off, appears to be at odds with the observed behavior of methods used in the modern machine learning practice. The bias-variance trade-off implies that a model should balance under-fitting and over-fitting: rich enough to express underlying structure in data, simple enough to avoid fitting spurious patterns. However, in the modern practice, very rich models such as neural networks are trained to exactly fit (i.e., interpolate) the data. Classically, such models would be considered over-fit, and yet they often obtain high accuracy on test data. This apparent contradiction has raised questions about the mathematical foundations of machine learning and their relevance to practitioners. In this paper, we reconcile the classical understanding and the modern practice within a unified performance curve. This "double descent" curve subsumes the textbook U-shaped bias-variance trade-off curve by showing how increasing model capacity beyond the point of interpolation results in improved performance. We provide evidence for the existence and ubiquity of double descent for a wide spectrum of models and datasets, and we posit a mechanism for its emergence. This connection between the performance and the structure of machine learning models delineates the limits of classical analyses, and has implications for both the theory and practice of machine learning.
Communication cost of consensus for nodes with limited memory
Creators: name: Fanti, Giulia
name: Holden, Nina
name: Peres, Yuval
name: Ranade, Gireeja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by applications in blockchains and sensor networks, we consider a model of $n$ nodes trying to reach consensus on their majority bit. Each node $i$ is assigned a bit at time zero, and is a finite automaton with $m$ bits of memory (i.e., $2^m$ states) and a Poisson clock. When the clock of $i$ rings, $i$ can choose to communicate, and is then matched to a uniformly chosen node $j$. The nodes $j$ and $i$ may update their states based on the state of the other node. Previous work has focused on minimizing the time to consensus and the probability of error, while our goal is minimizing the number of communications. We show that when $m>3 \log\log\log(n)$, consensus can be reached at linear communication cost, but this is impossible if $m<\log\log\log(n)$. We also study a synchronous variant of the model, where our upper and lower bounds on $m$ for achieving linear communication cost are $2\log\log\log(n)$ and $\log\log\log(n)$, respectively. A key step is to distinguish when nodes can become aware of knowing the majority bit and stop communicating. We show that this is impossible if their memory is too low.
description: 62 pages, 5 figures
Veridical Data Science
Creators: name: Yu, Bin
name: Kumbier, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building and expanding on principles of statistics, machine learning, and scientific inquiry, we propose the predictability, computability, and stability (PCS) framework for veridical data science. Our framework, comprised of both a workflow and documentation, aims to provide responsible, reliable, reproducible, and transparent results across the entire data science life cycle. The PCS workflow uses predictability as a reality check and considers the importance of computation in data collection/storage and algorithm design. It augments predictability and computability with an overarching stability principle for the data science life cycle. Stability expands on statistical uncertainty considerations to assess how human judgment calls impact data results through data and model/algorithm perturbations. Moreover, we develop inference procedures that build on PCS, namely PCS perturbation intervals and PCS hypothesis testing, to investigate the stability of data results relative to problem formulation, data cleaning, modeling decisions, and interpretations. We illustrate PCS inference through neuroscience and genomics projects of our own and others and compare it to existing methods in high dimensional, sparse linear model simulations. Over a wide range of misspecified simulation models, PCS inference demonstrates favorable performance in terms of ROC curves. Finally, we propose PCS documentation based on R Markdown or Jupyter Notebook, with publicly available, reproducible codes and narratives to back up human choices made throughout an analysis. The PCS workflow and documentation are demonstrated in a genomics case study available on Zenodo.
Can High Angular Degree Non-Radial Pulsations Be Observed In Roap Stars?
Creators: name: Mathys, Gautier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: In the presence of a magnetic field, stellar spectral lines may appear systematically broader in one circular polarisation than in the opposite one. This rotational crossover effect, which is observed in some Ap stars, results from a correlation between the rotational Doppler shift and the different Zeeman shifts of the circularly polarised components.

Crossover of non-rotational origin has been detected in a number of roAp stars as well as in some noAp stars. The most plausible interpretation is that it is induced by the pulsational velocity gradients across the photospheric layer. Pulsational crossover is expected to be detectable even in the case of high angular degree pulsation modes, contrary to luminosity variations. Thus, it may open a new window into unexplored physics in roAp stars.
title: Die türkisch-iranischen Beziehungen nach der iranischen Revolution 1979 - 2000
Creators: name: Dogan, Fatih
Year: 2010

description: Diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den türkisch-iranischen Beziehungen von der iranischen Revolution (1979) bis zum Ende der ersten Amtszeit von Khatemis (2001) und geht dabei den Fragen nach, wie die politische Beziehungen nach der Revolution zwischen den beiden Ländern sich entwickelt hatte und welche Faktoren die türkisch-iranische Beziehungen beeinflusst hatten. Historisch gesehen, waren die türkisch-iranischen Beziehungen nie eng, sondern wurden sie immer wieder „mit andauerndem Zweifel“ geführt. Seit der Gründung der türkisch- und iranischen Republik standen die beiden Länder in der Region oft in einem Konkurrenzverhältnis zueinander. Ohne Zweifel war die iranische Revolution ein Wendepunkt zwischen den türkisch-iranischen Beziehungen, die einen Neuanfang für die türkische Außenpolitik ausgelöst hatte. Nach Gründung der Republik hat die Türkei erstmals ein anderes Regime als Gefahr für das eigene System angesehen. Die Gefahr war der iranische „Revolutionsexport“, der jahrelang in den türkisch-iranischen Beziehungen eine zentrale Rolle gespielt hatte. Neben diesem Konflikt belasteten folgende Probleme die Beziehungen: Ethnische Minderheiten, Unterstützung von radikal-islamitische Gruppen durch Iran, PKK-Konflikt (besonders in den 90er), der Wettbewerb um Einflussnahme auf neuentstandene Republiken nach Auflösung der Sowjetunion, die iranische Haltung gegenüber den türkisch-israelischen und den türkisch-amerikanischen Beziehungen.
The size of the immune repertoire of bacteria
Creators: name: Bradde, Serena
name: Nourmohammad, Armita
name: Goyal, Sidhartha
name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Some bacteria and archaea possess an immune system, based on the CRISPR-Cas mechanism, that confers adaptive immunity against phage. In such species, individual bacteria maintain a "cassette" of viral DNA elements called spacers as a memory of past infections. The typical cassette contains a few dozen spacers. Given that bacteria can have very large genomes, and since having more spacers should confer a better memory, it is puzzling that so little genetic space would be devoted by bacteria to their adaptive immune system. Here, we identify a fundamental trade-off between the size of the bacterial immune repertoire and effectiveness of response to a given threat, and show how this tradeoff imposes a limit on the optimal size of the CRISPR cassette.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Integral Input-to-State Stability of Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems with Delay-Dependent Impulse Effects
Creators: name: Zhang, Kexue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper studies integral input-to-state stability (iISS) of nonlinear impulsive systems with time-delay in both the continuous dynamics and the impulses. Several iISS results are established by using the method of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. For impulsive systems with iISS continuous dynamics and destabilizing impulses, we derive two iISS criteria that guarantee the uniform iISS of the whole system provided that the time period between two successive impulse moments is appropriately bounded from below. Then we provide an iISS result for systems with unstable continuous dynamics and stabilizing impulses. For this scenario, it is shown that the iISS properties are guaranteed if the impulses occur frequently enough. For impulsive systems with stabilizing impulses and stable continuous dynamics for zero input, we obtain an iISS result which shows that the entire system is uniformly iISS over arbitrary impulse time sequences. As applications, iISS properties of a class of bilinear systems are studied in details with simulations to demonstrate the presented results.
Ptilotrichum emarginatum Boiss.
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Ptilotrichum
Ptilotrichum emarginatum

description: Ptilotrichum emarginatum Boiss. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 2, 17: 160. 1842.
 Bornmuellera emarginata (Boiss.) Rešetnik in Phytotaxa 159: 299. 2014.
Type: “[Aucher-Eloy] N. 288, mons Delphi Eubeae”.
Holotypus: GREECE: “in Mte Delph. Euboea”, s.d., AucherEloy 288 (G-BOIS [G00332420]; iso-: BM [BM000750102], G [G00371850], K [K000720736], P [P00835134, P00835135, P00835136]) (Fig. 21, p. 113).
Notes. – None of the three sheets at P was annotated by Boissier, and the duplicate at G is part of the Moricand’s herbarium. Therefore, the treatment of the G-BOIS sheet as the holotype is fully supported (Fig. 21, p. 113).
The species has been known in Leptoplax O.E. Schulz for over 80 years since it was established by SCHULZ (1933), but molecular phylogenetic studies lead to its transfer to Bornmuellera (see REŠETNIK et al., 2013, 2014).
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
The importance of better models in stochastic optimization
Creators: name: Asi, Hilal
name: Duchi, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Standard stochastic optimization methods are brittle, sensitive to stepsize choices and other algorithmic parameters, and they exhibit instability outside of well-behaved families of objectives. To address these challenges, we investigate models for stochastic minimization and learning problems that exhibit better robustness to problem families and algorithmic parameters. With appropriately accurate models---which we call the aProx family---stochastic methods can be made stable, provably convergent and asymptotically optimal; even modeling that the objective is nonnegative is sufficient for this stability. We extend these results beyond convexity to weakly convex objectives, which include compositions of convex losses with smooth functions common in modern machine learning applications. We highlight the importance of robustness and accurate modeling with a careful experimental evaluation of convergence time and algorithm sensitivity.
Ptilotrichum glabrescens Boiss.
Creators: name: AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Barriera, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Ptilotrichum
Ptilotrichum glabrescens

description: Ptilotrichum glabrescens (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 289. 1867.
 Vesicaria glabrescens Boiss. & Balansa in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 5: 32. 1856.
 Bornmuellera glabrescens (Boiss. & Balansa) Cullen & T.R. Dudley in Feddes Repert. 71: 228. 1965.
Type: “Hab. in regione montanâ montis Masmeneudagh in viâ inter Ciliciam et Caesaream siti cl. Balansa qui legit fructiferam Augusto”.
Holotypus: TURKEY: “Région montagneuse supérieure du Masmeneu-Dagh, à 25 lieues SSO de Césarée ”, 8.VIII.1855, Balansa 177 (G-BOIS [G00332422]; iso-: BM [BM000583334], CAS [CAS0005115], E [E00373128], G [G00389492, G00389493, G00446263], GH [GH00018820], GOET [GOET002719], JE [JE00002861], K [K000697062], KW [KW000127914], P [P02272072, P02272073, P02272074], US [US00100436, US00100670], WAG [WAG0104053]).
Note. – Plants of this species are quite large, and the holotype consists of four sheets in one collection folder of which only one sheet has a handwritten label by Balansa and has the field number 177 and the species name in Boissier’s handwriting. Two sheets are unlabeled and the remaining sheet as well as the isotypes elsewhere, have printed labels with the exsiccatae number 437, but all information of both types of labels are identical.
description: Published as part of AL-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. & Barriera, Gabrielle, 2019, Typification of Edmond Boissier's Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis, pp. 1-193 in Boissiera 72 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7630433
title: Definitionen und die verschiedenen Formen des Terrorismus
Creators: name: Arslan, Erol
Year: 2010

description: International gibt es zahlreiche Probleme, Ethnische Konflikte, Fundamentalismus und Terrorismus stehen auf der Agenda. In Zusammenhang hiermit sind der Terror und der Terrorismus früher noch lokal gewesen. Während sie heute durch die Entwicklungen in der Informationstechnik international geworden waren. Die Nationalstaaten sind geschwächt, während in den Ländern der Dritten Welt und in den islamischen Ländern, Radikalismus und die soziale Opposition gestiegen sind. Arbeitslosigkeit, Armut und Hunger haben sich weltweit verbreitet. Sie beeinflussen universelle und soziologische Gewalt in allen Ländern. Sie bedrohen das menschliche Leben und das Wirtschaftssystem, Recht, Religion, Moral, Tradition und vor allem, über sie unmenschliche Gewalt aus Alltag. Der Zweck dieser Studie ist es verschiedene Ansätze in Bezug auf den Begriff Terror zu untersuchen. Die Diskussionen zur Konzeptualisieren des Terrors werden auch untersucht und diskutiert. Dennoch wird mit der Frage begonnen, ob die Gewalt das Thema des Terrorismus ist und ob jeder Art von Gewalt als Terrorismus bezeichnet werden kann oder nicht kann. Die Unterschiede zum Terrorismus, Krieg, Anarchismus, Guerilla, Freiheitskampf und zu anderen gewalttätigen Zwischenfällen sollen gebracht werden. Nachdem der Unterschied zwischen Terrorismus und anderen Gewalttaten in allen Einzelheiten studiert worden ist, werden die anderen Formen, des Terrors in der Vergangenheit und heutigen Geschichte untersucht. Durch die Definition, im internationalen Bereich sollen die internationalen Maßnahmen gegen den Terrorismus studiert werden und der Grund, weshalb eine allgemein akzeptierte Definition des Terrorismus notwendig, zu bestimmen ist.
Timing of fungal spore release dictates survival during atmospheric transport
Creators: name: Lagomarsino-Oneto, D
name: Golan, J
name: Mazzino, A
name: Pringle, A
name: Seminara, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fungi disperse spores to move across landscapes and spore liberation takes different patterns. While many species release spores intermittently, others release spores at specific times of day or night according to intrinsic rhythms. Despite intriguing evidence of diurnal rhythms, why the timing of spore liberation would matter to a fungus remains an open question. Here we use state-of-the-art numerical simulations of atmospheric transport with meteorological data to follow the trajectory of many spores released in the open atmosphere at different times of day, during different seasons and at different locations across North America. While individual spores follow unpredictable trajectories due to turbulence, in the aggregate patterns emerge: statistically, spores released during the day fly for several days, while spores released at night return to the ground within a few hours. Differences are caused by intense turbulence during the day and weak turbulence at night. The pattern is widespread but its reliability varies, for example, day/night patterns are stronger in southern regions, where temperatures are warmer. Results provide a set of testable hypotheses explaining intermittent and regular patterns of spore release as strategies to maximize spore survival in the air. Species with short lived spores reproducing where there is strong and regular turbulence during the day, for example in Mexico, will maximize survival by routinely releasing spores at night. Where cycles are weak, for example in Canada during spring, there will be no benefit to releasing spores at the same time every day. We also challenge the perception of atmospheric dispersal as risky, wasteful, and beyond control of a sporocarp; our data suggest the timing of spore liberation may be finely tuned by a fungus to maximize fitness during atmospheric transport.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Carbon Nanotubes as a Basis of Metamaterials and Nanostructures: Crafting via Design Optimization
Creators: name: Čanađija, Marko
name: Ivić, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanotruss structures made of carbon nanotubes are investigated in two conceptual applications: either as building blocks of metamaterials or for nanostructural applications. The nanotrusses are optimized for different purposes, including various loadings, boundary conditions, parameterizations, objectives and constraints used to formulate optimization problems. The procedure relies on a recently developed framework consisting of molecular dynamics simulations, neural networks and finite elements. This framework is now used in the design optimization of nanostructures and the performances of different popular heuristic optimization methods are compared. Five applications of nanotrusses made of carbon nanotubes are analyzed in detail to investigate the mechanical behavior of such structures and the efficiency of the optimizations. Besides an introductory example, the design of an energy trapping carbon nanotube nanotruss, an auxetic nanotruss, a cantilever nanotruss and the maximization of the compressive strength of a metamaterial are presented. It is shown that the exceptional mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes can indeed be exploited for the development of structures and materials with extraordinary mechanical properties. Although hampered by material and geometrical nonlinearity of the problem, most of the tested optimization methods have proven to be a good choice for the design of such materials and structures.