cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Circulating endothelial cells as biomarker for cardiovascular diseases
Creators: name: Farinacci, Maura
name: Krahn, Thomas
name: Dinh, Wilfried
name: Volk, Hans-Dieter
name: Düngen, Hans-Dirk
name: Wagner, Josephine
name: Konen, Timo
name: Ahsen, Oliver Von
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: biomarkers
subject: cardiovascular diseases
subject: endothelial cells
subject: endothelial progenitor cells
subject: flow cytometry
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Endothelial dysfunction is involved in several cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and low levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been described in different cardiovascular conditions, suggesting their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction. Compared to typical peripheral blood leukocyte subsets, CECs and EPCs occur at very low frequency. The reliable identification and characterization of CECs and EPCs is a prerequisite for their clinical use, however, a validated method to this purpose is still missing but a key for rare cell events. Objectives: To establish a validated flow cytometric procedure in order to quantify CECs and EPCs in human whole blood. Methods: In the establishment phase, the assay sensitivity, robustness, and the sample storage conditions were optimized as prerequisite for clinical use. In a second phase, CECs and EPCs were analyzed in heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction, in arterial hypertension (aHT), and in diabetic nephropathy (DN) in comparison to age-matched healthy controls. Results: The quantification procedure for CECs and EPCs showed high sensitivity and reproducibility. CEC values resulted significantly increased in patients with DN and HFpEF in comparison to healthy controls. CEC quantification showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% and a sensitivity of 68.0%, 70.4%, and 66.7% for DN, HFpEF, and aHT, respectively. Conclusion: A robust and precise assay to quantify CECs and EPCs in pre-clinical and clinical studies has been established. CEC counts resulted to be a good diagnostic biomarker for DN and HFpEF.
Revisiting Semantics of Interactions for Trace Validity Analysis
Creators: name: Mahe, Erwan
name: Gaston, Christophe
name: Gall, Pascale Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interaction languages such as MSC are often associated with formal semantics by means of translations into distinct behavioral formalisms such as automatas or Petri nets. In contrast to translational approaches we propose an operational approach. Its principle is to identify which elementary communication actions can be immediately executed, and then to compute, for every such action, a new interaction representing the possible continuations to its execution. We also define an algorithm for checking the validity of execution traces (i.e. whether or not they belong to an interaction's semantics). Algorithms for semantic computation and trace validity are analyzed by means of experiments.
description: 18 pages of contents and 2 pages for references, 10 figures. Published in ETAPS-FASE2020 : "23rd International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering" in the "research papers" category
MOESM1 of Health system constraints affecting treatment and care among women with cervical cancer in Harare, Zimbabwe
Creators: name: O. Tapera
name: G. Dreyer
name: W. Kadzatsa
name: A. Nyakabau
name: B. Stray-Pedersen
name: Hendricks SJH
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Validated structured questionnaire for healthy women and cervical cancer patients [English & Shona].
MOESM2 of Health system constraints affecting treatment and care among women with cervical cancer in Harare, Zimbabwe
Creators: name: O. Tapera
name: G. Dreyer
name: W. Kadzatsa
name: A. Nyakabau
name: B. Stray-Pedersen
name: Hendricks SJH
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Validated structured questionnaire for health workers [English].
Artiotilla biguttata
Creators: name: Lelej, Arkady S.
name: Yildirim, Erol
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Artiotilla
Artiotilla biguttata

description: Artiotilla biguttata (Costa 1858)
 Artiotilla biguttata: Özbek et al. 1999: 17, ♂ (Bilecik, Iğdır, Kars); Lelej 2002: 80 (Asian Turkey).
 Material examined. Bilecik, 600 m, 15.VII.1995, 1 ♂. Kars: Digor, Karaköy, 1700 m, 22.VIII.1997, 1 ♂.
 Distribution. Turkey (Asian territory), Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Palestine, Greece, Cyprus, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Italy.
description: Published as part of Lelej, Arkady S. & Yildirim, Erol, 2009, A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Turkey, pp. 1-28 in Zootaxa 2160 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2160.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5320736
Energy and Environmental Efficiency of Greenhouse Growers in Michigan
Creators: name: Dong, Zefeng
name: Guan, Zhengfei
name: Grogan, Kelly A.
name: Skevas, Theodoros
name: Dong, Zefeng
name: Guan, Zhengfei
name: Grogan, Kelly A.
name: Skevas, Theodoros
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Horticulture
subject: Data envelopment analysis
subject: Energy use
subject: Tobit model
subject: Efficiency

description: Agricultural production in greenhouses is an important user of energy and can lead to greenhouse gas emissions. This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis to compute input-based technical efficiency measures and energy efficiency of Michigan greenhouse growers. A two-limit Tobit model is used to investigate the determinants of farmers’ performance. The empirical results indicate that Michigan greenhouse farmers do not use energy and other inputs efficiently. Farmers’ input-specific efficiency can be improved by adopting greenhouse film types other than double layer poly.
Finding Singularities in Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Meena, Ashish Kumar
name: Bagla, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of strong lens systems is expected to increase significantly in ongoing and upcoming surveys. With an increase in the total number of such systems we expect to discover many configurations that correspond to unstable caustics. In such cases, the instability can be used to our advantage for constraining the lens model. We have implemented algorithms for detection of different types of singularities in gravitational lensing. We test our approach on a variety of lens models and then go on to apply it to the inferred mass distribution for Abell 697 as an example application. We propose to represent lenses using A3-lines and singular points (A4 and D4) in the image plane. We propose this as a compact representation of complex lens systems that can capture all the details in a single snapshot.
description: 13 pages. six figures. Accepted for publication in the MNRAS
Local Detection of Entanglement
Creators: name: Rigolin, G.
name: Escobar, C. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an explicit model where it can be established if a two mode pure Gaussian system is entangled or not by acting only on one of the parts that constitute the system. Measuring the dispersion in momentum and the time evolution of the dispersion in position of one particle we can tell if entanglement is present as well as the degree of entanglement of the system.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, title changed, published version: to appear in European Physical Journal D
Web-based patient-reported outcomes using the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement dataset in a major German university hospital: observational study
Creators: name: Karsten, Maria M.
name: Speiser, Dorothee
name: Hartmann, Claudia
name: Zeuschner, Nele
name: Lippold, Kai
name: Kiver, Verena
name: Gocke, Peter
name: Kirchberger, Valerie
name: Blohmer, Jens-Uwe
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: breast cancer
subject: International Council Health Outcome Measurement
subject: mobile phone
subject: patient-reported outcomes
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Collecting patient-reported outcome (PRO) data systematically enables objective evaluation of treatment and its related outcomes. Using disease-specific questionnaires developed by the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement (ICHOM) allows for comparison between physicians, hospitals, and even different countries. Objective: This pilot project aimed to establish a digital system to measure PROs for new patients with breast cancer who attended the Charité Breast Center. This approach should serve as a blueprint to further expand the PRO measurement to other disease entities and departments. Methods: In November 2016, we implemented a Web-based system to collect PRO data at Charité Breast Center using the ICHOM dataset. All new patients at the Breast Center were enrolled and answered a predefined set of questions using a tablet computer. Once they started their treatment at Charité, automated emails were sent to the patients at predefined treatment points. Those emails contained a Web-based link through which they could access and answer questionnaires. Results: By now, 541 patients have been enrolled and 2470 questionnaires initiated. Overall, 9.4% (51/541) of the patients were under the age of 40 years, 49.7% (269/541) between 40 and 60 years, 39.6% (214/541) between 60 and 80 years, and 1.3% (7/541) over the age of 80 years. The average return rate of questionnaires was 67.0%. When asked about the preference regarding paper versus Web-based questionnaires, 6.0% (8/134) of the patients between 50 and 60 years, 6.0% (9/150) between 60 and 70 years, and 12.7% (9/71) over the age of 70 years preferred paper versions. Conclusions: Measuring PRO in patients with breast cancer in an automated electronic version is possible across all age ranges while simultaneously achieving a high return rate.
MOESM3 of Health system constraints affecting treatment and care among women with cervical cancer in Harare, Zimbabwe
Creators: name: O. Tapera
name: G. Dreyer
name: W. Kadzatsa
name: A. Nyakabau
name: B. Stray-Pedersen
name: Hendricks SJH
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. In-depth interview guide [English and Shona].
Conformal bridge between asymptotic freedom and confinement
Creators: name: Inzunza, Luis
name: Plyushchay, Mikhail S.
name: Wipf, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a nonunitary transformation that relates a given "asymptotically free" conformal quantum mechanical system $H_f$ with its confined, harmonically trapped version $H_c$. In our construction, Jordan states corresponding to the zero eigenvalue of $H_f$, as well as its eigenstates and Gaussian packets are mapped into the eigenstates, coherent states and squeezed states of $H_c$, respectively. The transformation is an automorphism of the conformal $\mathfrak{sl}(2,{\mathbb R})$ algebra of the nature of the fourth-order root of the identity transformation, to which a complex canonical transformation corresponds on the classical level being the fourth-order root of the spatial reflection. We investigate the one- and two-dimensional examples that reveal, in particular, a curious relation between the two-dimensional free particle and the Landau problem.
description: 25 pages, comments and refs added, title slightly modified by the Editor of PRD
Generation and imaging of magnetoacoustic waves over millimetre distances
Creators: name: Casals, Blai
name: Statuto, Nahuel
name: Foerster, Michael
name: Hernández-Mínguez, Alberto
name: Cichelero, Rafael
name: Manshausen, Peter
name: Mandziak, Ania
name: Aballe, Lucía
name: Hernàndez, Joan Manel
name: Macià, Ferran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using hybrid piezoelectric/magnetic systems we have generated large amplitude magnetization waves mediated by magneto-elasticity with up to 25 degrees variation in the magnetization orientation. We present direct imaging and quantification of both standing and propagating acoustomagnetic waves with different wavelengths, over large distances up to several millimeters in a nickel thin film.
The Neutral Decay Modes of the Eta-Meson
Creators: name: Nefkens, B. M. K.
name: Price, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutral decay modes of the eta meson are reviewed. The most recent results obtained with the Crystal Ball multiphoton detector at BNL are incorporated. This includes a new, precise result for the slope parameter alpha of the Dalitz plot in eta -> 3pi0 decay and a new, lower branching ratio for eta -> pi0 gamma gamma which is consistent with chiral perturbation theory. Recently-obtained limits are given for novel tests of CP and C invariance based on several rare eta decays.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures; Contribution to the Eta Physics Handbook, Workshop on Eta Physics, Uppsala 2001
Anisotropy-induced photonic bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Gomis-Bresco, Jordi
name: Artigas, David
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are radiationless localized states embedded in the part of the parameter space that otherwise corresponds to radiative modes. Many decades after their original prediction and early observations in acoustic systems, such states have been demonstrated recently in photonic structures with engineered geometries. Here, we put forward a mechanism, based on waveguiding structures that contain anisotropic birefringent materials, that affords the existence of BICs with fundamentally new properties. In particular, anisotropy-induced BICs may exist in symmetric as well as in asymmetric geometries; they form in tunable angular propagation directions; their polarization may be pure transverse electric, pure transverse magnetic or full vector with tunable polarization hybridity; and they may be the only possible bound states of properly designed structures, and thus appear as a discrete, isolated bound state embedded in a whole sea of radiative states.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
ADOLF HITLER: Von allgemeiner Bigotterie über wissenschaftlichen Rassismus bis hin zum Genozid
Creators: name: A.E. Samaan
name: Hein, Dominik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Hitler
Nazi
National Socialism
Nationalsozialist
Der Holocaust
wissenschaftlichen Rassismus
eugenic
Genozid

description: Enthalten ist ein Kapitel aus Band 1 der Buchreihe "The Eugenics Anthology": "From a 'Race of Masters' to a 'Master Race': 1948 to 1848". Dieses Kapitel wird herausgenommen, weil es ein spezifisches Thema über Adolf Hitlers Entwicklung vom gemeinen Bigotten zum völkermordenden Wahnsinnigen behandelt. Es ist eine Transformation, die in der Zeitleiste von Hitlers Reden ersichtlich ist. Nach dem Wissen dieses Autors hat niemand sonst die erkennbare Veränderung der Rhetorik in Hitlers Reden zur Kenntnis genommen. Adolf Hitler wandelte sich von einem gewöhnlichen Fanatiker, der mit dem Gedankengut eines pedantischen Spinners ausgestattet war, zu einem völkermordenden Wahnsinnigen, der mit dem wissenschaftlichen Rassismus eines Efeuliga-Biologen ausgestattet war, als er aus dem Gefängnis auftauchte. Dies ist eine erkennbare und alles entscheidende Veränderung in Hitlers Art des Rassismus. Ein Überblick über Hitlers Reden vor und nach Landsberg zeigt diese Veränderung in Hitlers Rhetorik.
Neutron Star Matter as a Relativistic Fermi Liquid
Creators: name: Friman, Bengt
name: Weise, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equation of state (EoS) of neutron star matter, constrained by the existence of two-solar-mass stars and gravitational wave signals from neutron star mergers, is analysed using the Landau theory of relativistic Fermi liquids. While the phase diagram of dense and cold QCD matter is still open for scenarios ranging from hadronic to quark matter in the center of neutron stars, a Fermi-liquid treatment is motivated by a microscopic approach starting from a chiral nucleon-meson field theory combined with nonperturbative functional renormalization group methods. In this scheme effects of multipionic fluctuations and repulsive nuclear many-body correlations suggest that the transition to chiral symmetry restoration is shifted to densities above those typically encountered in the neutron star core. Under such conditions a Fermi-liquid description in terms of nucleon quasiparticles appears to be justified. The leading Landau parameters are derived and discussed. Our results are contrasted with a well-known Fermi liquid, namely liquid $^3$He.
description: 36 pages, 12 figures, published in PRC
The Entropy of 4D Black Holes and the Enhancon
Creators: name: Constable, Neil R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the physics of enhancons as applied to four dimensional black holes which are constructed by wrapping both D-branes and NS-branes on K3. As was recently shown for the five dimensional black holes, the enhancon is crucial in maintaining consistency with the second law of thermodynamics. This is true for both the D-brane and NS-brane sectors of these black holes. In particular NS5-branes in both type IIA and IIB string theory are found to exhibit enhancon physics when wrapped on a K3 manifold.
description: 23 pages. 1 figure. Minor typos corrected. Refs added. To appear in PRD
Numerical Studies of Fano Resonance in Quantum dots Embedded in AB Rings
Creators: name: Ueda, Akiko
name: Baba, Ikuo
name: Suzuki, Keita
name: Eto, Mikio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fano resonance in quantum dots embedded in Aharonov-Bohm rings is examined theoretically, using two models of non-interacting electrons. The first model yields an analytical expression for the conductance G. G is written in an extended Fano form with a complex parameter. The shape of the resonance can be asymmetric or symmetric, depending on the magnetic flux enclosed in the ring. The "phase" of the resonance is changed continuously with increasing the flux in two-terminal situations. These are in accordance with recent experimental results. In the second model, we consider the dephasing effect on the Fano resonance by numerical calculations.
description: 2 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., proceedings of International Conference on Quantum Transport and Quantum Coherence (Localisation 2002, Tokyo)
Inverse Beta Decay in a Nonequilibrium Antineutrino Flux from a Nuclear Reactor
Creators: name: Kopeikin, V. I.
name: Mikaelyan, L. A.
name: Sinev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the reactor antineutrino spectrum toward equilibrium above the inverse beta-decay threshold during the reactor operating period and the decay of residual antineutrino radiation after reactor shutdown are considered. It is found that, under certain conditions, these processes can play a significant role in experiments seeking neutrino oscillations.
description: 8 pages including 5 ps figures
Recursive Optimization of Finite Blocklength Allocation to Mitigate Age-of-Information Outage
Creators: name: Han, Bin
name: Jiang, Zhiyuan
name: Zhu, Yao
name: Schotten, Hans D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: As an emerging metric for the timeliness of information delivery, Age-of-Information (AoI) raises a special interest in the research area of tolerance-critical communications, wherein sufficiently short blocklength is usually adopted as an essential requirement. However, the interplay between AoI and finite blocklength is scantly treated. This paper studies the occurrence of high AoI, i.e., AoI outage, in TDMA systems with respect to the blocklength allocation among users. A Markov Decision Process model is set up for the problem, which enables a static state analysis, and therewith a policy iteration approach to improve the AoI robustness is proposed. The burstiness of outages is also analyzed to provide additional insights into this problem in the finite blocklength (FBL) regime. It is shown that, different from average AoI optimizations, a risk-sensitive approach is significantly beneficial for AoI outage optimizations, on account of the FBL regime.
description: Submitted to ICC2020 Workshop on Ultra-high speed, Low latency and Massive Communication for futuristic 6G Networks
Improved gravitational radiation time-scales: significance for LISA and LIGO-Virgo sources
Creators: name: Zwick, Lorenz
name: Capelo, Pedro R.
name: Bortolas, Elisa
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Amaro-Seoane, Pau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a revised version of Peters' (1964) time-scale for the gravitational-wave (GW) induced decay of two point masses. The new formula includes the effects of the first-order post-Newtonian perturbation and additionally provides a simple fit to account for the Newtonian self-consistent evolution of the eccentricity. The revised time-scale is found by multiplying Peters' estimate by two factors, $R(e_0)= 8^{1-\sqrt{1-e_0}}$ and $Q_{\rm f}(p_0) = \exp \left(2.5 (r_{\rm S}/p_0) \right)$, where $e_0$ and $p_0$ are the initial eccentricity and periapsis, respectively, and $r_{\rm S}$ the Schwarzschild radius of the system. Their use can correct errors of a factor of 1-10 that arise from using the original Peters' formula. We apply the revised time-scales to a set of typical sources for existing ground-based laser interferometers and for the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), at the onset of their GW driven decay. We argue that our more accurate model for the orbital evolution will affect current event- and detection-rate estimates for mergers of compact object binaries, with stronger deviations for eccentric LISA sources, such as extreme and intermediate mass-ratio inspirals. We propose the correction factors $R$ and $Q_{\rm f}$ as a simple prescription to quantify decay time-scales more accurately in future population synthesis models. We also suggest that the corrected time-scale may be used as a computationally efficient alternative to numerical integration in other applications that include the modelling of radiation reaction for eccentric sources.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cb}|$
Creators: name: Ricciardi, Giulia
name: Rotondo, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review we present and discuss the determination of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix parameter $V_{cb}$. The CKM matrix parametrizes the weak charged current interactions of quarks in the Standard Model (SM), and a precise determination of its elements has always been one of the most important targets of particle physics. The precise knowledge of the $|V_{cb}|$ value plays a pivotal role in testing the flavour sector of the SM and in the analyses of the unitarity of the CKM matrix. The SM does not predict the values of the CKM matrix elements, which have to be extracted by experimental data. Given the variety of channels that allow the extraction of $|V_{cb}|$, different theoretical and experimental techniques are mustered for the $|V_{cb}|$ determination. The exertion toward precision represents not only a significant test of our theoretical procedures but a stimulus towards better detection performances. The most precise measurements of $|V_{cb}|$ come from semileptonic decays, that being tree level at the lowest order in the SM are generally considered unaffected by physics beyond the SM. After summarizing the characteristics of the SM that set the frame for the determination of $|V_{cb}|$, we discuss inclusive and exclusive semileptonic $B$ decays. We analyze the $|V_{cb}|$ extraction methods and recent results, detailing both the theoretical and experimental techniques, and, finally, outline future prospects. We also comment on exclusive decays into heavy leptons, on the observables $R(D)$ and $R(D^\ast)$, on decays to excited $D$ meson states and on baryon decays.
description: Completely revised and updated: latest results (including baryons), details, tables, figures and references added; 77 pages, 19 figures (invited review on J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys)
In vivo time-harmonic ultrasound elastography of the human brain detects acute cerebral stiffness changes induced by intracranial pressure variations
Creators: name: Tzschätzsch, Heiko
name: Kreft, Bernhard
name: Schrank, Felix
name: Bergs, Judith
name: Braun, Jürgen
name: Sack, Ingolf
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: cerebral stiffness
subject: time-harmonic elastography
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Cerebral stiffness (CS) reflects the biophysical environment in which neurons grow and function. While long-term CS changes can occur in the course of chronic neurological disorders and aging, little is known about acute variations of CS induced by intracranial pressure variations. Current gold standard methods for CS and intracranial pressure such as magnetic resonance elastography and direct pressure recordings are either expensive and slow or invasive. The study objective was to develop a real-time method for in vivo CS measurement and to demonstrate its sensitivity to physiological aging and intracranial pressure variations induced by the Valsalva maneuver in healthy volunteers. We used trans-temporal ultrasound time-harmonic elastography (THE) with external shear-wave stimulation by continuous and superimposed vibrations in the frequency range from 27 to 56 Hz. Multifrequency wave inversion generated maps of shear wave speed (SWS) as a surrogate maker of CS. On average, cerebral SWS was 1.56 +/- 0.08 m/s with a tendency to reduce with age (R = -0.76, p < 0.0001) while Valsalva maneuver induced an immediate stiffening of the brain as reflected by a 10.8 +/- 2.5% increase (p < 0.0001) in SWS. Our results suggest that CS is tightly linked to intracranial pressure and might be used in the future as non-invasive surrogate marker for intracranial pressure, which otherwise requires invasive measurements.
A case report of delayed cortical infarction adjacent to sulcal clots after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the absence of proximal vasospasm
Creators: name: Schinke, Christian
name: Horst, Viktor
name: Schlemm, Ludwig
name: Wawra, Matthias
name: Scheel, Michael
name: Hartings, Jed A.
name: Dreier, Jens P.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
subject: Delayed ischemic neurological deficits
subject: Cortical spreading depolarization
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Cortical ischemic lesions represent the predominant pathomorphological pattern of focal lesions after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Autopsy studies suggest that they occur adjacent to subarachnoid blood and are related to spasm of small cortical rather than proximal arteries. Recent clinical monitoring studies showed that cortical spreading depolarizations, which induce cortical arterial spasms, are involved in lesion development. If subarachnoid blood induces adjacent cortical lesions, it would be expected that (i) they also develop after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH), and (ii) lesions after tSAH can occur in absence of angiographic vasospasm, as was found for aSAH. Case presentation: An 86-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with fluctuating consciousness after hitting her head during a fall. The initial computed tomography (CT) was significant for tSAH in cortical sulci. On day 8, the patient experienced a secondary neurological deterioration with reduced consciousness and global aphasia. Whereas the CT scan on day 9 was still unremarkable, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 10 revealed new cortical laminar infarcts adjacent to sulcal blood clots. Proximal vasospasm was ruled out using MR and CT angiography and Doppler sonography. CT on day 14 confirmed the delayed infarcts. Conclusions: We describe a case of delayed cortical infarcts around sulcal blood clots after tSAH in the absence of proximal vasospasm, similar to results found previously for aSAH. As for aSAH, this case suggests that assessment of angiographic vasospasm is not sufficient to screen for risk of delayed infarcts after tSAH. Electrocorticography is suggested as a complementary method to monitor the hypothesized mechanism of spreading depolarizations.
Higgs bosons with large couplings to light quarks
Creators: name: Egana-Ugrinovic, Daniel
name: Homiller, Samuel
name: Meade, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common lore has arisen that beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles, which can be searched for at current and proposed experiments, should have flavorless or mostly third-generation interactions with Standard Model quarks. This theoretical bias severely limits the exploration of BSM phenomenology, and is especially constraining for extended Higgs sectors. Such limitations can be avoided in the context of Spontaneous Flavor Violation (SFV), a robust and UV complete framework that allows for significant couplings to any up or down-type quark, while suppressing flavor-changing neutral currents via flavor alignment. In this work we study the theory and phenomenology of extended SFV Higgs sectors with large couplings to any quark generation. We perform a comprehensive analysis of flavor and collider constraints of extended SFV Higgs sectors, and demonstrate that new Higgs bosons with large couplings to the light quarks may be found at the electroweak scale. In particular, we find that new Higgses as light as 100 GeV with order $\sim$ 0.1 couplings to first or second generation quarks, which are copiously produced at LHC via quark fusion, are allowed by current constraints. Furthermore, the additional SFV Higgses can mix with the SM Higgs, providing strong theory motivation for an experimental program looking for deviations in the light quark-Higgs couplings. Our work demonstrates the importance of exploring BSM physics coupled preferentially to light quarks, and the need to further develop dedicated experimental techniques for the LHC and future colliders.
description: 42 pages + appendices, 19 figures. Version accepted by PRD
Validation of a single factor representing the indicators of metabolic syndrome as a continuous measure of metabolic load and its association with health and cognitive function
Creators: name: Düzel, Sandra
name: Buchmann, Nikolaus
name: Drewelies, Johanna
name: Gerstorf, Denis
name: Lindenberger, Ulman
name: Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth
name: Norman, Kristina
name: Demuth, Ilja
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: metabolic syndrome
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease associated with reduced physical fitness, higher disease burden, and impaired cognitive functions. Little is known about the operation of these risk factors in older adults when considered comprehensively without relying on the cut-off values of the single MetS components. The three main aims of the current study were to: (i) establish a latent metabolic load factor (MetL), using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and representing a continuous measure of MetL, defined by indicators that are commonly used to separate MetS groups from healthy individuals; (ii) examine the associations of this MetL factor with objective health, and cognitive function in men and women; (iii) compare the magnitude of these associations to those observed for the individual indicators used to define the MetL factor as well to the classical categorized MetS vs. non-MetS groups. The current analysis is based on cross-sectional data from 1,609 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (mean age = 68.5 years, SD (3.7); 50.1% female). We applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to establish a latent MetL factor defined by the five indicators commonly used to diagnose MetS. The latent MetL factor was associated with physician-assessed morbidity and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) in both men and women, but not with hand grip strength and lung function (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)). In addition, we found a negative association between MetL and fluid intelligence among men. A continuous latent variable approach representing the common variance of MetS indicators is well suited to foster our understanding of human aging as a systemic phenomenon in which risk factors are operating on either side of the normal versus pathological divide.
Kaon and Antikaon Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at 1.5 AGeV
Creators: name: Foerster, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the Kaon Spectrometer KaoS at SIS, GSI the production of kaons and antikaons in heavy ion reactions at a beam energy of 1.5 AGeV has been measured for the collision systems Ni+Ni and Au+Au. The K-/K+ ratio is found to be constant for both systems and as a function of impact parameter but the slopes of K+ and K- spectra differ for all impact parameters. Furthermore the respective polar angle distributions will be presented as a function of centrality.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, SQM2001 in Frankfurt, Sept.2001, submitted to Journal of Physics G
Dynamic Metabolic Zonation of the Hepatic Glucose Metabolism Is Accomplished by Sinusoidal Plasma Gradients of Nutrients and Hormones
Creators: name: Berndt, Nikolaus
name: Holzhütter, Hermann-Georg
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: metabolism
subject: metabolic zonation
subject: kinetic model
subject: multiscale model
subject: gene expression
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Being the central metabolic organ of vertebrates, the liver possesses the largest repertoire of metabolic enzymes among all tissues and organs. Almost all metabolic pathways are resident in the parenchymal cell, hepatocyte, but the pathway capacities may largely differ depending on the localization of hepatocytes within the liver acinus-a phenomenon that is commonly referred to as metabolic zonation. Metabolic zonation is rather dynamic since gene expression patterns of metabolic enzymes may change in response to nutrition, drugs, hormones and pathological states of the liver (e.g., fibrosis and inflammation). This fact has to be ultimately taken into account in mathematical models aiming at the prediction of metabolic liver functions in different physiological and pathological settings. Here we present a spatially resolved kinetic tissue model of hepatic glucose metabolism which includes zone-specific temporal changes of enzyme abundances which are driven by concentration gradients of nutrients, hormones and oxygen along the hepatic sinusoids. As key modulators of enzyme expression we included oxygen, glucose and the hormones insulin and glucagon which also control enzyme activities by cAMP-dependent reversible phosphorylation. Starting with an initially non-zonated model using plasma profiles under fed, fasted and diabetic conditions, zonal patterns of glycolytic and gluconeogenetic enzymes as well as glucose uptake and release rates are created as an emergent property. We show that mechanisms controlling the adaptation of enzyme abundances to varying external conditions necessarily lead to the zonation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first kinetic tissue model which takes into account in a semi-mechanistic way all relevant levels of enzyme regulation.
Random sequential adsorption of k-mers on the fully-connected lattice: probability distributions of the covering time and extreme value statistics
Creators: name: Turban, Loïc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the random sequential adsorption of $k$-mers on the fully-connected lattice with $N=kn$ sites. The probability distribution $T_n(s,t)$ of the time $t$ needed to cover the lattice with $s$ $k$-mers is obtained using a generating function approach. In the low coverage scaling limit where $s,n,t\to\infty$ with $y=s/n^{1/2}={\mathrm O}(1)$ the random variable $t-s$ follows a Poisson distribution with mean $ky^2/2$. In the intermediate coverage scaling limit, when both $s$ and $n-s$ are ${\mathrm O}(n)$, the mean value and the variance of the covering time are growing as $n$ and the fluctuations are Gaussian. When full coverage is approached the scaling functions diverge, which is the signal of a new scaling behaviour. Indeed, when $u=n-s={\mathrm O}(1)$, the mean value of the covering time grows as $n^k$ and the variance as $n^{2k}$, thus $t$ is strongly fluctuating and no longer self-averaging. In this scaling regime the fluctuations are governed, for each value of $k$, by a different extreme value distribution, indexed by $u$. Explicit results are obtained for monomers (generalized Gumbel distribution) and dimers.
description: 22+9 pages, 8+4 figures
Economic potential for improving the nutritional characteristics of feed grains
Creators: name: Brennan, John P.
name: Singh, Rajinder Pal
name: Singh, Inder Pal
name: Brennan, John P.
name: Singh, Rajinder Pal
name: Singh, Inder Pal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A comprehensive set of potential new feed grains for Australia was evaluated to help establish the options with the highest priorities for research. The cost-reducing impacts of the different options were analysed using a linear-programming model that determined the least-cost feed rations for the different livestock industries. Economic welfare analysis was then used to estimate the size and distribution of the benefits of research from the feed grains quality-improving research. The analysis revealed that there are only limited opportunities to improve the productivity and competitiveness of Australia’s livestock industries by improving the nutritional characteristics of feed grains.
Market power analysis in the retail food industry: a survey of methods
Creators: name: Digal, Larry N.
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
name: Digal, Larry N.
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The present paper surveys various methods used to analyse market power in the retail food industry. The strengths and weaknesses of these approaches are explored and a review of the issues in using New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) and time-series models is provided. The absence of a theory underlying time-series models is highlighted and a review of some theoretical models in retailing is presented. The impact of imperfect competition in the food processing sector on retailing is also examined. It is argued that a combination of the approaches that minimises the weaknesses and builds on the strengths of single approaches may prove more promising for examining non-competitive behaviour.
MOESM1 of A review of changes to the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder age of onset criterion using the checklist for modifying disease definitions
Creators: name: Sanders, Sharon
name: Thomas, Rae
name: Glasziou, Paul
name: Doust, Jenny
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Contains additional tables and documents
The War Records Project of the Department of Agriculture
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Wayne D.
name: Baker, Gladys L.
name: Rasmussen, Wayne D.
name: Baker, Gladys L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1950
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Current interest in experiences of World War II invites a report on the War Records Project of the Bureau, beginning with its establishment in the Department by the Secretary of Agriculture on December 31, 1941.
Epitope specificity of anti-synapsin autoantibodies: Differential targeting of synapsin I domains
Creators: name: Mertens, Robert
name: Melchert, Sarah
name: Gitler, Daniel
name: Schou, Morten Brix
name: Saether, Sverre Georg
name: Vaaler, Arne
name: Piepgras, Johannes
name: Kochova, Elena
name: Benfenati, Fabio
name: Ahnert-Hilger, Gudrun
name: Ruprecht, Klemens
name: Höltje, Markus
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: synapsin
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: To identify the specific domains of the presynaptic protein synapsin targeted by recently described autoantibodies to synapsin. Methods: Sera of 20 and CSF of two patients with different psychiatric and neurological disorders previously tested positive for immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies to full-length synapsin were screened for IgG against synapsin I domains using HEK293 cells transfected with constructs encoding different domains of rat synapsin Ia. Additionally, IgG subclasses were determined using full-length synapsin Ia. Serum and CSF from one patient were also screened for IgA autoantibodies to synapsin I domains. Sera from nine and CSF from two healthy subjects were analyzed as controls. Results: IgG in serum from 12 of 20 IgG synapsin full-length positive patients, but from none of the healthy controls, bound to synapsin domains. Of these 12 sera, six bound to the A domain, five to the D domain, and one to the B- (and possibly A-), D-, and E-domains of synapsin I. IgG antibodies to the D-domain were also detected in one of the CSF samples. Determination of IgG subclasses detected IgG(1) in two sera and one CSF, IgG(2) in none of the samples, IgG(3) in two sera, and IgG(4) in eight sera. One patient known to be positive for IgA antibodies to full-length synapsin had IgA antibodies to the D-domain in serum and CSF. Conclusions: Anti-synapsin autoantibodies preferentially bind to either the A- or the D-domain of synapsin I.
Varying Fine-Structure Constant and the Cosmological Constant Problem
Creators: name: Fujii, Yasunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start with a brief account of the latest analysis of the Oklo phenomenon providing the still most stringent constraint on time-variability of the fine- structure constant $α$. Comparing this with the recent result from the measurement of distant QSO's appears to indicate a non-uniform time-dependence, which we argue to be related to another recent finding of the accelerating universe. This view is implemented in terms of the scalar-tensor theory, applied specifically to the small but nonzero cosmological constant. Our detailed calculation shows that these two phenomena can be understood in terms of a common origin, a particular behavior of the scalar field, dilaton. We also sketch how this theoretical approach makes it appropriate to revisit non- Newtonian gravity featuring small violation of Weak Equivalence Principle at medium distances.
description: Delivered at JENAM 2002, Porto, Portugal, 2-7 September, 2002; 5 pages LaTex, 3 figures; typographical errors corrected
MOESM2 of Perceived discrimination in bateyes of the Dominican Republic: results from the Everyday Discrimination Scale and implications for public health programs
Creators: name: Keys, Hunter
name: Noland, Gregory
name: Madsen Rochars
name: Taylor, Thomas
name: Blount, Stephen
name: Gonzales, Manuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: EDS English version for DR. Everyday Discrimination Scale used in 2016 batey survey. Nine-item Everyday Discrimination Scale and provided reasons for discriminatory experiences adapted for use in survey.
Magnetic phase diagram of doped CMR manganites
Creators: name: Yu, Unjong
name: Jo, Yookyung
name: Min, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic phase diagram of the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganites is determined based on the Hamiltonian incorporating the double-exchange (DE) interaction between degenerate Mn $e_g$ orbitals and the antiferromagnetic (AF) superexchange interaction between Mn $t_{2g}$ spins. We have employed the rigorous quantum mechanical formalism and obtained the finite temperature phase diagram which describes well the commonly observed features in CMR manganites. We have also shown that the CE-type AF structure cannot be stabilized at $x$=0.5 in this model.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure; Transport and Thermal Properties of Advanced Materials(Aug. 2002; Hiroshima, Japan)