cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiplicative Majorana zero-modes
Creators: name: Pal, Adipta
name: Winter, Joe H.
name: Cook, Ashley M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological qubits composed of unpaired Majorana zero-modes are under intense experimental and theoretical scrutiny in efforts to realize practical quantum computation schemes. In this work, we show the minimum four \textit{unpaired} Majorana zero-modes required for a topological qubit according to braiding schemes and control of entanglement for gate operations are inherent to multiplicative topological phases, which realize symmetry-protected tensor products -- and maximally-entangled Bell states -- of unpaired Majorana zero-modes known as multiplicative Majorana zero-modes. We introduce multiplicative Majorana zero-modes as topologically-protected boundary states of both one and two-dimensional multiplicative topological phases, using methods reliant on multiplicative topology to construct relevant Hamiltonians from the Kitaev chain model. We furthermore characterize topology in the bulk and on the boundary with established methods while also introducing techniques to overcome challenges in characterizing multiplicative topology. In the process, we explore the potential of these multiplicative topological phases for an alternative to braiding-based topological quantum computation schemes, in which gate operations are performed through topological phase transitions.
description: 24 pages, 23 figures, and 2 tables in main text, 11 pages in supplementary materials
Profitability and resource use efficiency of BR-29 Boro paddy production in Jamalpur district
Creators: name: Rahman, M. H.
name: Khan, M. A.
name: Kabir, H.
name: Rahman, M. M.
name: Rahman, M. H.
name: Khan, M. A.
name: Kabir, H.
name: Rahman, M. M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Profitability
subject: BR-29 Boro paddy

description: This study was designated to determine the costs, returns and relative profitability of BR-29 Boro paddy production in Bangladesh from the viewpoints of small, medium and large farmers of Dewanganj upazila in Jamalpur district. In total 60 sample farmers of which 25 were small, 20 medium and 15 large were purposively selected from each of the selected strata for the study. Primary data were collected from the selected farmers. A simple cost and return analysis was done to determine the profitability of BR-29 Boro paddy production. The major findings of the present study were that BR-29 is a profitable enterprise from the view points of small, medium and large farm groups. The net returns per hectare were Tk.11154, Tk.14854 and Tk. 7046 for small, medium and . large farmers, respectively. Undiscounted BCRs for BR-29 Boro paddy were calculated at 1.33, 1.44 and 1.20 in the case of small, medium and large farmers respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function was also applied to determine the effects of individual inputs on production of BR-29 Boro paddy. It was observed that most of the included variables-had-significant impact on BR-29 Boro paddy under different farm size groups .Out of seven variables included in the function, six variables had positive impact on returns from BR-29 Boro paddy production. The impact of insecticides was negative in the case of medium and large farmers, respectively.
Analytical solution for nonlinear Schrodinger vortex reconnection
Creators: name: Nazarenko, S.
name: West, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of the nonlinear Schrodinger vortex reconnection is given in terms of coordinate-time power series. The lowest order terms in these series correspond to a solution of the linear Schrodinger equation and provide several interesting properties of the reconnection process, in particular the non-singular character of reconnections, the anti-parallel configuration of vortex filaments and a square-root law of approach just before/after reconnections. The complete infinite power series represents a fully nonlinear analytical solution in a finite volume which includes the reconnection point, and is valid for finite time provided the initial condition is an analytic function. These series solutions are free from the periodicity artifacts and discretization error of the direct computational approaches and they are easy to analyze using a computer algebra program.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
"The truth is our weapon": The relationship between rhetoric and *policy in Eisenhower administration diplomacy, 1953--1959
Creators: name: Tudda, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation explores the relationship between public rhetoric and confidential foreign policy decision-making during the Eisenhower administration. I argue that President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, confidentially vowed to pursue competitive coexistence with the Soviet Union and worked to reduce the chances. They secretly allowed the allies to drag their feet over the EDC, secretly disavowed efforts to liberate Eastern Europe militarily, and confidentially pursued the division of Germany. But they never publicized these policies. Instead, Eisenhower and Dulles tried to "educate" their allies to the nature of the Soviet threat with public, rhetorical diplomacy. They publicly pursued the ratification of the EDC and called for both the liberation of Eastern Europe and German reunification, but the policy backfired. Rhetorical diplomacy scared the allies and emboldened Moscow to act. The pursuit of the mutually exclusive strategies of rhetorical diplomacy and confidential restraint intensified the conflict between Washington and Moscow, strained the relationship between the United States and its allies, and increased the likelihood of war.
Sfide e Transizioni, la scienza guarda al futuro
Creators: Francesca Aloisio
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

L’anno si chiude in bellezza con due tra i più importanti festival della scienza in Italia, “Futuro Remoto” a Napoli e il “Festival delle scienze” di Roma, che prendono il via la settimana prossima. Due eventi importanti con due temi di attualità e lo sguardo rivolto al futuro: “Sfide“ e “Transizioni”. L’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica sarà presente in entrambe le manifestazioni, per portarvi in viaggio nello spazio, ma anche nel tempo. Scoprite come insieme a noi
Quantum interference in the resonance fluorescence of a $J=1/2$-$J'=1/2$ atomic system: Quantum beats, nonclassicality, and non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Castro-Beltrán, H. M.
name: Santos-Sánchez, O. de los
name: Gutiérrez, L.
name: Alcantar-Vidal, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically quantum statistical and spectral properties of the resonance fluorescence of a single atom or system with angular momentum $J=1/2 - J'=1/2$ driven by a monochromatic linearly polarized laser field, due to quantum interference among its two antiparallel, $π$ transitions. A magnetic field parallel to the laser polarization is applied to break the degeneracy (Zeeman effect). In the nondegenerate case, the $π$ transitions evolve at different generalized Rabi frequencies, producing quantum beats in the intensity and the dipole-dipole, intensity-intensity, and quadrature-intensity correlations. For a strong laser and large Zeeman splitting the beats have mean and modulation frequencies given by the average and difference, respectively, of the Rabi frequencies, unlike thebeats studied in many spectroscopic systems, characterized by a modulated exponential-like decay. Further, the Rabi frequencies are those of the pairs of sidebands of the Mollow-like spectrum of the system. In the two-time correlations, the cross contributions, i.e., those with products of probability amplitudes of the two $π$ transitions, have a lesser role than those from the interference of the probability densities. In contrast, there are no cross terms in the total intensity. We also consider nonclassical and non-Gaussian properties of the phase-dependent fluorescence for the cases of weak to moderate excitation and in the regime of beats. The fluorescence in the beats regime is nonclassical, mainly from third-order dipole fluctuations, which reveal them to be also strongly non-Gaussian, and their quadrature spectra show complex features around the Rabi frequencies. For small laser and Zeeman detunings, a weak to moderate laser field pumps the system partially to one of the ground states, showing slow decay in the two time correlations and a narrow peak in the quadrature spectra.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures
Quantifying the regional impact of export controls in Southern African maize markets
Creators: name: Davids, T.
name: Meyer, F.
name: Westhoff, P.
name: Davids, T.
name: Meyer, F.
name: Westhoff, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Despite well-researched benefits and stated policy goals of increasing intra-regional trade, African policy makers continue to rely on export controls in an effort to keep prices at tolerable levels. Within the Southern African region, Zambia has been particularly prone to such policy action, typically in the maize sector, which has strong connotations to food security. Against the backdrop of drought-induced supply shortages of white maize in Southern Africa in 2016, this study applied a partial equilibrium model with bilateral trade flows to simulate the impact on prices and trade flow of imposing export controls in Zambia relative to an open trade scenario. The goal of reducing prices for domestic consumers was achieved at the expense of producers, who lose the market-induced price increase that would offset some revenue loss if trade was allowed to flow freely. Contrary to most previous literature on Zambian export controls, the impact of Zambian policy was also related to neighbouring markets, highlighting higher prices, reduced consumption and changes to typical trade flows. Price increases in neighbouring countries supported area expansion in subsequent years, inducing a shift in production towards these countries and highlighting the detrimental impact of trade control policies on long term production growth. Acknowledgement :
EL PASSO: Privacy-preserving, Asynchronous Single Sign-On
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhiyi
name: Król, Michał
name: Sonnino, Alberto
name: Zhang, Lixia
name: Rivière, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce EL PASSO, a privacy-preserving, asynchronous Single Sign-On (SSO) system. It enables personal authentication while protecting users' privacy against both identity providers and relying parties, and allows selective attribute disclosure. EL PASSO is based on anonymous credentials, yet it supports users' accountability. Selected authorities may recover the identity of allegedly misbehaving users, and users can prove properties about their identity without revealing it in the clear. EL PASSO does not require specific secure hardware or a third party (other than existing participants in SSO). The generation and use of authentication credentials are asynchronous, allowing users to sign on when identity providers are temporarily unavailable. We evaluate EL PASSO in a distributed environment and prove its low computational cost, yielding faster sign-on operations than OIDC from a regular laptop, one-second user-perceived latency from a low-power device, and scaling to more than 50 sign-on operations per second at a relying party using a single 4-core server in the cloud.
Centris (Paracentris) ectypha Snelling 1974
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Centris
Centris ectypha

description: Centris (Paracentris) ectypha Snelling, 1974
Endemic
[Holotype: LACM; ♀ Bahía San Francisquito, Baja California, Mexico; April 3, 1947]
This species is only known from the holotype specimen collected in San Francisquito, BC in 1947. We reviewed the Holotype vouchered in the LACM. See fig. 87.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Uptake of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein by plant leaves
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Yasmin
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2000

Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are produced through the oxidization of isoprene. Isoprene (2-methyl-1, 3, -butadiene) is the dominant VOC released from vegetation. It plays a major role in tropospheric chemistry of forested regions, contributing to ozone production (1) which helps in the production of photochemical smog. When isoprene reacts with the OH radical, 60% of the products obtained in the initial oxidation are methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein (2). The atmospheric
Studies of the tropical atmosphere using Global Positioning System temperature data
Creators: name: RĂ­os, Waleska
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2000

A new GPS dataset has been used for these studies, in order to identify tropical tropopause variability. The quality of this dataset was assessed in previous studies in 1999 (Rivera, 1999) making statistical analyses to the data. This year, making regression studies to the data, we identified the tropical tropopause annual cycle, as well as the longitudinal structure of this area. These results coincided with previous radiosonde analyses. We also studied temperature anomalies in the tropical atmosphere, identifying an interesting feature: a cold temperature measurement about 2km below the tropical tropopause. QBO information was obtained when the data from the residual after the regression were averaged for most of the levels. In future studies, we will find a theoretical explanation for this temperature anomaly. Also, we will further study the QBO using GPS data.
"The truth is our weapon": The relationship between rhetoric and *policy in Eisenhower administration diplomacy, 1953--1959
Creators: name: Tudda, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: This dissertation explores the relationship between public rhetoric and confidential foreign policy decision-making during the Eisenhower administration. I argue that President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, confidentially vowed to pursue competitive coexistence with the Soviet Union and worked to reduce the chances. They secretly allowed the allies to drag their feet over the EDC, secretly disavowed efforts to liberate Eastern Europe militarily, and confidentially pursued the division of Germany. But they never publicized these policies. Instead, Eisenhower and Dulles tried to "educate" their allies to the nature of the Soviet threat with public, rhetorical diplomacy. They publicly pursued the ratification of the EDC and called for both the liberation of Eastern Europe and German reunification, but the policy backfired. Rhetorical diplomacy scared the allies and emboldened Moscow to act. The pursuit of the mutually exclusive strategies of rhetorical diplomacy and confidential restraint intensified the conflict between Washington and Moscow, strained the relationship between the United States and its allies, and increased the likelihood of war.
Thalamo-cortical spiking model of incremental learning combining perception, context and NREM-sleep-mediated noise-resilience
Creators: name: Golosio, Bruno
name: De Luca, Chiara
name: Capone, Cristiano
name: Pastorelli, Elena
name: Stegel, Giovanni
name: Tiddia, Gianmarco
name: De Bonis, Giulia
name: Paolucci, Pier Stanislao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The brain exhibits capabilities of fast incremental learning from few noisy examples, as well as the ability to associate similar memories in autonomously-created categories and to combine contextual hints with sensory perceptions. Together with sleep, these mechanisms are thought to be key components of many high-level cognitive functions. Yet, little is known about the underlying processes and the specific roles of different brain states. In this work, we exploited the combination of context and perception in a thalamo-cortical model based on a soft winner-take-all circuit of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons. After calibrating this model to express awake and deep-sleep states with features comparable with biological measures, we demonstrate the model capability of fast incremental learning from few examples, its resilience when proposed with noisy perceptions and contextual signals, and an improvement in visual classification after sleep due to induced synaptic homeostasis and association of similar memories.
The Formation of the First Stars I. Mass Infall Rates, Accretion Disk Structure and Protostellar Evolution
Creators: name: Tan, Jonathan C.
name: McKee, Christopher F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical model for primordial star formation. First we describe the structure of the initial gas cores as virialized, quasi-hydrostatic objects in accord with recent high resolution numerical studies. The accretion rate can then be related to characteristic densities and temperatures that are set by the cooling properties of molecular hydrogen. We allow for rotation of the gas core, assuming angular momentum conservation inside the sonic point of the flow. In the typical case, most mass then reaches the star via an accretion disk. The structure of the inner region of this disk is described with the standard theory of viscous disks, but with allowance for the substantial energies absorbed in ionizing and dissociating the gas. The size of the protostar and its luminosity depend upon the accretion rate, the energetics of the accreting gas, and the ability of the radiation to escape from the stellar accretion shock. We combine these models for the infall rate, inner disk structure, and protostellar evolution to predict the radiation field that is the basis for radiative feedback processes acting against infall (Paper II). For realistic initial angular momenta, the photosphere of the protostar is much smaller and hotter than in the spherical case, leading to stronger radiative feedback at earlier stages in the evolution. In particular, once the star is older than its Kelvin-Helmholtz time, contraction towards the main sequence causes a rapid increase in ionizing and far-ultraviolet luminosity at masses ~30Msun in the fiducial case. Since the cores out of which the first stars formed were much more massive than 30Msun and since feedback is dynamically unimportant at lower masses, we conclude that the first stars should have had masses >~30Msun.
description: 20 pages, Accepted to ApJ, some re-arrangement of text for improved clarity
Kondo Phase in Twisted Bilayer Graphene -- A Unified Theory for Distinct Experiments
Creators: name: Zhou, Geng-Dong
name: Wang, Yi-Jie
name: Tong, Ninghua
name: Song, Zhi-Da
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of interesting physical phenomena have been discovered in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG), such as superconductivity, correlated gapped and gapless phases, etc. The gapped phases are believed to be symmetry-breaking states described by mean-field theories, whereas gapless phases exhibit features beyond mean field. This work, combining poor man's scaling, numerical renormalization group, and dynamic mean-field theory, demonstrates that the gapless phases are the heavy Fermi liquid state with some symmetries broken and the others preserved. We adopt the recently proposed topological heavy fermion model for MATBG with effective local orbitals around AA-stacking regions and Dirac fermions surrounding them. At zero temperature and most non-integer fillings, the ground states are found to be heavy Fermi liquids and exhibit Kondo resonance peaks. The Kondo temperature $T_K$ is found at the order of 1meV. A higher temperature than $T_K$ will drive the system into a metallic LM phase where disordered LM's and a Fermi liquid coexist. At integer fillings $\pm1,\pm2$, $T_K$ is suppressed to zero or a value weaker than RKKY interaction, leading to Mott insulators or symmetry-breaking states. This theory offers a unified explanation for several experimental observations, such as zero-energy peaks and quantum-dot-like behaviors in STM, the Pomeranchuk effect, and the saw-tooth feature of inverse compressibility, etc. For future experimental verification, we predict that the Fermi surface in the gapless phase will shrink upon heating - as a characteristic of the heavy Fermi liquid. We also conjecture that the heavy Fermi liquid is the parent state of the observed unconventional superconductivity because the Kondo screening reduces the overwhelming Coulomb interaction (~60meV) to a rather small effective interaction (~1meV) comparable to possible weak attractive interactions.
description: 14+12 pages, 5+3 figures. Published version
Estimation of irrigation water use efficiency with a stochastic frontier model
Creators: name: Ali, M.K.
name: Ali, M.K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The prospect of future water scarcity due to growing demands and supply uncertainties due to climate change prompted the Government of Alberta, Canada to declare Water for Life strategy in 2003, under which an ambitious goal of improving conservation, efficiency and productivity of water use by 30% over 2005-2015 was targeted. Since irrigation is the largest (over 80%) consumptive sector of surface water in semiarid Southern Alberta, the success of this strategy is conditioned on sustainable water resource management in this sector via improvement in efficiency and productivity of water use. Using panel data for 12 irrigation districts over 2006-2015, this study applies the stochastic production frontier (SPF) methodology to estimate the technical and irrigation water use efficiency of these districts who manage roughly 3.45 billion m3 of surface water to service over 550,000 ha irrigated land in Southern Alberta. The SPF methodology is widely used in the literature of firm productivity because of its capability of distinguishing two potential sources of inefficiency one due to random phenomenon and another due to subpar management and operating skills. Results indicate that the 10-year average technical efficiency of the irrigation districts is 74.9% while their irrigation water use efficiency is 68.5%. Acknowledgement : This study is supported by the author s University of Lethbridge SSHRC Award (ULSA), 2017. The author is grateful to Jennifer Nitschelm of Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development(AARD), Lethbridge for providing return flow data.
Centris (Paracentris) cockerellii Fox 1899
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Centris
Centris cockerellii

description: Centris (Paracentris) cockerellii Fox, 1899
[Lectotype: USNM; ♀ New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; 18 May]
This species is widely distributed in xeric regions of the southwestern USA and northern Mexico. Specimens collected in the Gulf Coast in June 1921 and March 1991 are reported by the SEMC and CASC (GBIF 2023). The CARCIB team collected one specimen in the Gulf Coast in September 2016. Additionally, the BBPT collected specimens in the Gulf Coast in March 2021 (3 ♀, 2 ♂), in Magdalena Plains in March 2021 (1 ♀), in Vizcaíno Desert in March 2021 (5 ♀), and in Central Desert in March 2021 (1 ♂), and April 2023 (1 ♂), and in Lower Colorado Desert in June 2021 (1 ♂). Voucher specimens are in MABC (5 ♀, 3 ♂), and ECOAB (4 ♀, 2 ♂). See fig. 87.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
R-parity violating supersymmetry
Creators: name: Barbier, R.
name: Berat, C.
name: Besancon, M.
name: Chemtob, M.
name: Deandrea, A.
name: Dudas, E.
name: Fayet, P.
name: Lavignac, S.
name: Moreau, G.
name: Perez, E.
name: Sirois, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical and phenomenological implications of R-parity violation in supersymmetric theories are discussed in the context of particle physics and cosmology. Fundamental aspects include the relation with continuous and discrete symmetries and the various allowed patterns of R-parity breaking. Recent developments on the generation of neutrino masses and mixings within different scenarios of R-parity violation are discussed. The possible contribution of R-parity-violating Yukawa couplings in processes involving virtual supersymmetric particles and the resulting constraints are reviewed. Finally, direct production of supersymmetric particles and their decays in the presence of R-parity-violating couplings is discussed together with a survey of existing constraints from collider experiments.
description: 263 pages, latex, updated version submitted to Physics Reports
On the climatological distribution of tornadoes within quasi-linear convective systems
Creators: name: Tessendorf, Sarah
name: Trapp, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2000

Tornadoes threaten our communities every year. They can occur throughout the U.S. in any season, and at any time of day. Currently an area of concern is the type of storms from which tornadoes form. "Supercell" thunderstorms are thought to be the most common tornado producers. Yet, recent studies have brought forth the question of how many tornadoes form within other storm types, such as squall lines or hurricane rainbands. A related question regards possible relationships between parent storm type and tornado intensity. In this study, Doppler radar reflectivity images were analyzed for each tornado case between March 1998 and February 1999 to determine whether the parent storm type was a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), cell, or hurricane rainband. 1,660 total tornadoes were analyzed for the 12-month study, and cells produced the majority (76%). QLCSs accounted for 19%, and hurricane rainbands were responsible for 5%. Seasonal, diurnal, and geographical distributions will be presented to show any patterns in frequency on such scales. A distribution by damage intensity will also be provided to illustrate the level of danger each classification of tornadoes can pose. In addition, two case studies are presented to describe the meteorological environments of a non-tornadic and a tornadic QLCS from this study.
Additional file 2 of Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, phytochemical screening and antiprotozoal effects of the methanolic Viola tricolor and acetonic Laurus nobilis extracts
Creators: name: Batiha, Gaber El-Saber
name: Amany Magdy Beshbishy
name: Alkazmi, Luay
name: Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
name: Nadwa, Eman
name: Rashwan, Eman
name: Amany El-Mleeh
name: Igarashi, Ikuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. ARRIVE guideline checklist.
Negotiating the trade -environment frontier: Biosafety and intellectual property rights in international policy -making
Creators: name: Burgiel, Stanley Ware
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: With the advent of globalization, international agreements have proliferated particularly in the areas of trade and the environment. This trend has been characterized by recent debates between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and multilateral environmental agreements. The present study will examine such trade-environment conflicts within international regimes for the international transfer of genetically modified organisms ("biosafety") and the application of international property rights (IPR) to genetic resources. Using the international relations school of regime theory, the study argues that regime theory's traditional focus on cooperation and collaboration needs to be supplemented by a more explicit focus on how intergovernmental conflicts between states are crucial for monitoring the definition and evolution of international regimes. The two case studies on biosafety and IPR over genetic resources detail how national and transnational problems are translated into the positions taken by states within international negotiations. The biosafety study highlights the negotiations of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the IPR case study discusses deliberations on the WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and the CBD. The dissertation analyzes the key trade-environment issues within these negotiations and identifies five main "conflict types," depicting the kinds of disagreements arising within the negotiations. The conflict types address: (1) mandates and jurisdictions; (2) interpretation of legal language; (3) implementation; (4) national vs. international commitments; and (5) technical vs. systemic approaches. Use of these conflict types within the context of regime theory can serve as an analytical tool for examining other conflicts in intergovernmental negotiations.
Probability Weighting and Fertilizer Use in a State-Contingent Framework
Creators: name: Holden, S.T.
name: Quiggin, J.
name: Holden, S.T.
name: Quiggin, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Limited use of fertilizer by African farmers has been a major source of policy concern in Africa. This study assesses the fertilizer adoption responses of food insecure farmers in Malawi. A field experiment, eliciting risk attitudes of farmers, is combined with a detailed farm household survey. A state-contingent production model with rank-dependent utility preferences is estimated. Over-weighting of small probabilities was associated with less use of fertilizer on all maize types and particularly so on the more risky improved maize types. Acknowledgement :
Negotiating the trade -environment frontier: Biosafety and intellectual property rights in international policy -making
Creators: name: Burgiel, Stanley Ware
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies
classificationCode: 4803
subject: International and comparative law

description: With the advent of globalization, international agreements have proliferated particularly in the areas of trade and the environment. This trend has been characterized by recent debates between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and multilateral environmental agreements. The present study will examine such trade-environment conflicts within international regimes for the international transfer of genetically modified organisms ("biosafety") and the application of international property rights (IPR) to genetic resources. Using the international relations school of regime theory, the study argues that regime theory's traditional focus on cooperation and collaboration needs to be supplemented by a more explicit focus on how intergovernmental conflicts between states are crucial for monitoring the definition and evolution of international regimes. The two case studies on biosafety and IPR over genetic resources detail how national and transnational problems are translated into the positions taken by states within international negotiations. The biosafety study highlights the negotiations of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the IPR case study discusses deliberations on the WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and the CBD. The dissertation analyzes the key trade-environment issues within these negotiations and identifies five main "conflict types," depicting the kinds of disagreements arising within the negotiations. The conflict types address: (1) mandates and jurisdictions; (2) interpretation of legal language; (3) implementation; (4) national vs. international commitments; and (5) technical vs. systemic approaches. Use of these conflict types within the context of regime theory can serve as an analytical tool for examining other conflicts in intergovernmental negotiations.
Promoting trees at the oil palm frontier: experimental evidence from Indonesia
Creators: name: Romero, M.
name: Rudolf, K.
name: Wollni, M.
name: Romero, M.
name: Rudolf, K.
name: Wollni, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The current study addresses the question of how the adoption of native trees can be promoted among small scale oil palm farmers in Jambi Province, Indonesia. In particular, we investigate if perceptions to the ecosystem functions provided by trees planted in oil palm and intention to plan are suitable predictors to actual tree planting behavior. We conduct a randomized controlled trial with two interventions: an environmental information campaign and an additional provision of saplings. Interventions aim to close knowledge gaps and to overcome missing markets for seed material. Guided by social psychology theories, we hypothesize that information will have a positive effect on a change of perceptions and intentions, but the additional provision of saplings will encourage tree planting adoption. We employ a structural equation model to estimate mediating effects. Our findings indicate that only information in combination with saplings provision had a positive and significant effect on actual tree planting. In addition, perceptions and intentions are significant mediators to actual behavior. We conclude that interventions that combine social cognitive factors and changes on structural conditions will facilitate the adoption of pro-environmental behavior adoption. Acknowledgement : This study was undertaken as part of the research project SFB 990 Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems, Sumatra (Indonesia) (EFForTS) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).
Currency substitution, seignorage and hysteresis: Evidence from Turkey
Creators: name: Buyuksahin, Bahattin
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation presents an empirical study on currency substitution and its implications on optimal seignorage collection, as well as hysteresis effect in a highly inflationary economy, namely Turkey. First, we investigate the degree of currency substitution in Turkey, using a dynamic money in the utility function model of Imrohoroglu (1994). The inclusion of money services in the utility function can be justified as reflecting the usefulness of both domestic and foreign monies in reducing transactions costs. Money services are produced by a Constant Elasticity of Substitution technology that has both domestic and foreign real balances as inputs. Taking Turkey as the small, open economy and the United States as the rest of the world, both GMM and GME estimates show, for the period 1986--01 to 1999--12, not only a high degree of currency substitution but also a high share of foreign real balances in the production of domestic liquidity services. Second, using our parameter estimation space from the GMM estimates, we calculate optimal seignorage collection under different alternative values of elasticity of currency substitution, share of foreign balances in the domestic liquidity services, as well as share of money services in the utility function. In a high inflation economy, optimal seignorage collected by the government is very sensitive to these parameter values. The higher the share of foreign balances and the elasticity of currency substitution, the lower the seignorage maximizing inflation rate and optimal seignorage. Finally, using the portfolio balance model, we investigate hysteresis in currency substitution. Using different cointegration techniques, we reject the existence of hysteresis in currency substitution in the Turkish case.
Is Agricultural Extension a Determinant of Farm Diversification - Evidence from Kenya
Creators: name: Mwololo, H.
name: Nzuma, J.
name: Ritho, C.
name: Mwololo, H.
name: Nzuma, J.
name: Ritho, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Farm diversification is a common coping strategy among smallholder farmers, especially in the developing countries. As a result, understanding the determinants of farm diversity is paramount. Access to extension has been found to be an important determinant of farm diversity through the technology adoption pathway. Despite farmers access to several extension services, no evidence exists on the effect of different extension services on farm diversity. This study evaluates the effect of extension services on farm diversity in Kenya. It uses a truncated Poisson model on a sample of 743 households who were selected using a multi stage sampling technique. The findings show that there are significant differences between the least and the most diversified farms. Furthermore, access to government, private and NGO extension services, alongside farmer demographic characteristics, increases farm diversity. This study therefore recommends for hiring, training and facilitating extension officers. In addition, the different extension services should be used as compliments and targeted to where their impact is highest. Acknowledgement : This research was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) based on the decision of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (grant number 2813FSNu01).
Currency substitution, seignorage and hysteresis: Evidence from Turkey
Creators: name: Buyuksahin, Bahattin
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services
classificationCode: 3502
subject: Banking, finance and investment

description: This dissertation presents an empirical study on currency substitution and its implications on optimal seignorage collection, as well as hysteresis effect in a highly inflationary economy, namely Turkey. First, we investigate the degree of currency substitution in Turkey, using a dynamic money in the utility function model of Imrohoroglu (1994). The inclusion of money services in the utility function can be justified as reflecting the usefulness of both domestic and foreign monies in reducing transactions costs. Money services are produced by a Constant Elasticity of Substitution technology that has both domestic and foreign real balances as inputs. Taking Turkey as the small, open economy and the United States as the rest of the world, both GMM and GME estimates show, for the period 1986--01 to 1999--12, not only a high degree of currency substitution but also a high share of foreign real balances in the production of domestic liquidity services. Second, using our parameter estimation space from the GMM estimates, we calculate optimal seignorage collection under different alternative values of elasticity of currency substitution, share of foreign balances in the domestic liquidity services, as well as share of money services in the utility function. In a high inflation economy, optimal seignorage collected by the government is very sensitive to these parameter values. The higher the share of foreign balances and the elasticity of currency substitution, the lower the seignorage maximizing inflation rate and optimal seignorage. Finally, using the portfolio balance model, we investigate hysteresis in currency substitution. Using different cointegration techniques, we reject the existence of hysteresis in currency substitution in the Turkish case.
Relative humidity control of an aerosol flow
Creators: name: Rivera, Monica
name: Chuang, Patrick
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2000

Particle size is an important property of aerosols, and is relevant to, for example, direct and indirect climate forcing by aerosols. To better measure aerosol size distributions an instrument, which controls the relative humidity of an aerosol flow, has been developed. A mathematical model was used to simulate and design the aerosol stream humidifier. The constructed instrument's performance was measured by measuring the outlet relative humidity and comparing that to model results. There was close agreement, about a 4.2% difference, between the measurements and model predictions.
Predator or prey? - Effects of fast-growing farms on their neighborhood
Creators: name: Appel, F.
name: Balmann, A.
name: Appel, F.
name: Balmann, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This paper aims to examine how path-breaking farms which dramatically increase their farm-size influence other farms in an agricultural region by using agent-based participatory experiments. Our experiments are based on the FarmAgriPoliS business management game, in which a human participant manages a farm in AgriPoliS, an agent-based model of structural change in agriculture. With these experiments we can show that the impact on other farms in the model region differs depending on the performance of the human participant. In general, economically successful fast-growing participants (path-breakers) increase regional added value. Although path-breakers have a negative effect on the average income of other farms in the region some other farms may even benefit. Whether a single farm in the region can benefit from a path-breaker depends on the distance. Moreover, even more smaller farms may survive. Although the influence decreases overall with growing distance, the functional correlation is neither linear nor exponential, but wave-like. Acknowledgement : This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG): The research was conducted within the Subproject 5 of the research unit Structural change in Agriculture (SiAg) .
The cultural form of saving as a group: Flexible savings group strategies in the new South Africa
Creators: name: Greene, Katrina Tomar
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies

description: This dissertation examines the adaptation and innovation of the cultural form of saving as a group by black women who are members of savings groups in the townships of Langa, Guguletu, and Khayelitsha in Cape Town, South Africa. The aim of this dissertation is to determine if and how the members of savings groups have created flexible savings group strategies to participate in the opportunities of the new South Africa. It also explores how group members express Ubuntu (humanity) toward one another and how women receive empowerment from their participation in savings groups. I gathered research data on the practices and activities of three types of savings groups: (1) savings and credit associations (SCAs), (2) black women's long-term investment groups, and (3) small housing savings and finance groups. This involved conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with two kinds of informants. I conducted sixty-three interviews with members of one or more of the three types of savings groups and fourteen interviews with specialized resource persons, such as representatives of non-governmental organizations and private sector business consultants/managers who worked with many of the savings groups. I also engaged in participant observation of various savings group meetings, workshops, and other activities. My findings illustrate that the members of black women's long-term investment groups and small housing savings and finance groups adapted flexible SCA practices, which acted as local accumulation strategies that recombined and selectively used existing and new patterns of behavior. Such practices enabled them to engage in new black economic empowerment and housing development initiatives. The priorities and goals of the members of the investment and housing savings groups also resulted in their flexible expression of Ubuntu that often modified and/or limited established forms of assistance among group members. However, the members of all three types of savings groups gained empowerment, especially economic empowerment, from such groups and used these savings groups to respond to the gendered division of labor that placed women as the primary caretakers of the household.