cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Figures and Tables from Large and exaggerated sexually selected weapons comprise high proportions of metabolically inexpensive exoskeleton
Creators: name: Dinh, Jason P.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: The cost-minimization hypothesis proposes that positive allometry in sexually selected traits can be explained if the proportional energetic maintenance costs of weapons decrease as traits increase in size. Energetic maintenance costs are the costs of maintaining homeostasis. They are slow, persistent energy sinks that are distinct from ephemeral costs of growth. Because some tissues expend more energy on maintenance than others, energetic maintenance costs can be inferred from proportional tissue composition. For example, soft tissues require more energy for maintenance than exoskeleton, so an arthropod claw that is 50% soft tissue and 50% exoskeleton would have higher energetic maintenance costs than one that is 30% soft tissue and 70% exoskeleton. I tested the cost-minimization hypothesis using proportional tissue composition as a proxy for energetic maintenance costs in snapping shrimp (Alpheus heterochaelis, A. estuariensis) and fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator). As predicted, larger weapons comprised proportionally less soft tissue mass and more exoskeleton mass than smaller weapons. Furthermore, I extended cost-minimization to explain trait exaggeration: individuals might exaggerate traits by investing more mass in exoskeleton. As predicted, exoskeleton mass proportional to body size increased as exaggeration increased. These results support and extend the cost-minimization hypothesis to explain positive allometry and weapon exaggeration.
Additional file 1 of A novel retractor-assisted closed reduction combined with percutaneous pinning fixation for the treatment of elderly distal radius fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Zhao, Bin
name: Zhao, Wenqian
name: Assan, Isaac
name: Li, Zhenji
name: Bi, Rongxiu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1.
MOESM5 of Genetic and environmental variation impact the cuticular hydrocarbon metabolome on the stigmatic surfaces of maize
Creators: name: Tesia Dennison
name: Wenmin Qin
name: Loneman, Derek
name: Condon, Samson
name: Lauter, Nick
name: Nikolau, Basil
name: Yandeau-Nelson, Marna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S2. Percentage of alkenes on silks collected 3-days PSE from inbred lines grown in 2009. Inbred lines are ordered from low to high mean percentage of alkenes relative to total hydrocarbon accumulation on emerged silks. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between emerged and husk-encased silks of a given inbred line (T-test; * P
Geometric general solution to the U(1) anomaly equations
Creators: name: Allanach, B C.
name: Gripaios, Ben
name: Tooby-Smith, Joseph
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Anomalies in Field and String Theories
Gauge Symmetry

description: Abstract: Costa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.123 (2019) 151601] recently gave a general solution to the anomaly equations for n charges in a U(1) gauge theory. ‘Primitive’ solutions of chiral fermion charges were parameterised and it was shown how operations performed upon them (concatenation with other primitive solutions and with vector-like solutions) yield the general solution. We show that the ingenious methods used there have a simple geometric interpretation, corresponding to elementary constructions in number theory. Viewing them in this context allows the fully general solution to be written down directly, without the need for further operations. Our geometric method also allows us to show that the only operation Costa et al. require is permutation. It also gives a variety of other, qualitatively similar, parameterisations of the general solution, as well as a qualitatively different (and arguably simpler) form of the general solution for n even.
Rhagovelia trianguloides Nieser & Polhemus 1997
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia trianguloides

description: Rhagovelia trianguloides Nieser & Polhemus, 1997
Geographical distribution: Brazil.
Distribution in Brazil: Southeast Region (MG) (Nieser & Melo 1997; Nieser & Polhemus 1999; Vianna & Melo 2003).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
On the Survival of Cool Clouds in the Circum-Galactic Medium
Creators: name: Li, Zhihui
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Hummels, Cameron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the survival of cool clouds in multi-phase circum-galactic media. We revisit the "cloud crushing problem" in a large survey of simulations including radiative cooling, self-shielding, self-gravity, magnetic fields, and anisotropic Braginskii conduction and viscosity (with saturation). We explore a wide range of parameters including cloud size, velocity, ambient temperature and density, as well as a variety of magnetic field configurations and cloud turbulence. We find that realistic magnetic fields and turbulence have weaker effects on cloud survival; the most important physics is radiative cooling and conduction. Self-gravity and self-shielding are important for clouds which are initially Jeans-unstable, but largely irrelevant otherwise. Non-self-gravitating, realistically magnetized clouds separate into four regimes: (1) At low column densities, clouds evaporate rapidly via conduction. (2) A "failed pressure confinement" regime, where the ambient hot gas cools too rapidly to provide pressure confinement for the cloud. (3) An "infinitely long-lived" regime, in which the cloud lifetime becomes longer than the cooling time of gas swept up in the leading bow shock, so the cloud begins to accrete and grow. (4) A "classical cloud destruction" regime, where clouds are eventually destroyed by instabilities. In the final regime, the cloud lifetime can exceed the naive cloud-crushing time owing to conduction-induced compression. However, small and/or slow-moving clouds can also evaporate more rapidly than the cloud-crushing time. We develop simple analytic models that explain the simulated cloud destruction times in this regime.
description: v1: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS; v2: accepted version
Flips, dualities and symmetry enhancements
Creators: name: Hwang, Chiung
name: Pasquetti, Sara
name: Sacchi, Matteo
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Duality in Gauge Field Theories
Global Symmetries
Supersymmetric Gauge Theory
Supersymmetry and Duality

description: Abstract: We present various 4d N = 1 theories enjoying IR global symmetry enhancement. The models we consider have the USp(2N) gauge group, 8 fundamental, one antisymmetric chirals and various numbers of gauge singlets. By suitably turning on superpotential deformations involving the singlets which break part of the UV symmetry we flow to SCFTs with E6, SO(10), SO(9), SO(8) and F4 IR global symmetry. We explain these patterns of symmetry enhancement following two arguments due to Razamat, Sela and Zafrir. The first one involves the study of the relations satisfied by marginal operators, while the second one relies on the existence of self-duality frames.
Machine Learning Approaches for Mental Illness Detection on Social Media: A Systematic Review of Biases and Methodological Challenges
Creators: name: Cao, Yuchen
name: Dai, Jianglai
name: Wang, Zhongyan
name: Zhang, Yeyubei
name: Shen, Xiaorui
name: Liu, Yunchong
name: Tian, Yexin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The global increase in mental illness requires innovative detection methods for early intervention. Social media provides a valuable platform to identify mental illness through user-generated content. This systematic review examines machine learning (ML) models for detecting mental illness, with a particular focus on depression, using social media data. It highlights biases and methodological challenges encountered throughout the ML lifecycle. A search of PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar identified 47 relevant studies published after 2010. The Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) was utilized to assess methodological quality and risk of bias.
 The review reveals significant biases affecting model reliability and generalizability. A predominant reliance on Twitter (63.8%) and English-language content (over 90%) limits diversity, with most studies focused on users from the United States and Europe. Non-probability sampling (80%) limits representativeness. Only 23% explicitly addressed linguistic nuances like negations, crucial for accurate sentiment analysis. Inconsistent hyperparameter tuning (27.7%) and inadequate data partitioning (17%) risk overfitting. While 74.5% used appropriate evaluation metrics for imbalanced data, others relied on accuracy without addressing class imbalance, potentially skewing results. Reporting transparency varied, often lacking critical methodological details.
 These findings highlight the need to diversify data sources, standardize preprocessing, ensure consistent model development, address class imbalance, and enhance reporting transparency. By overcoming these challenges, future research can develop more robust and generalizable ML models for depression detection on social media, contributing to improved mental health outcomes globally.
A Survey of Maximum Sustainable Yield Estimates on a World Basis for Selected Fisheries
Creators: name: Fullenbaum, Richard F.
name: Fullenbaum, Richard F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: This report attempts an exhaustive survey of the biological literature on maximum sustainable yield. The objective of this study is to quantify to the largest possible extent the biological research in this area. For each species a world estimate and a regional breakdown is given. In addition, because of the emphasis on resourve conservation, information on landings relative to MSY is also presented. For the world, and for all species, the ratio of landings to MSY is equal to 46.9 percent.
Identification and quantification of surfactin, a nonvolatile lipopeptide in Moutai liquor
Creators: name: Chen, Zongxiao
name: Wu, Qun
name: Wang, Li
name: Chen, Shuang
name: Lin, Lin
name: Wang, Heyu
name: Xu, Yan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Surfactin as a nonvolatile cyclic lipopeptide has attracted great attention over the past few decades. This work focused on identification, quantification, and tracing of surfactin in Moutai liquor by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. Our results showed that surfactin was mainly produced in Daqu making stage and stacking fermentation stage, and it increased to 1421 ± 22 μg kg–1 in the liquor fermentation stage. In addition, five strains of Bacillus spp. (MT1-MT5) were isolated from Daqu to produce surfactin, and the highest surfactin production reached to 51 ± 1 mg L–1. Therefore, Bacillus spp. played an important role in the production of surfactin. This work detected surfactin in Chinese liquor, and analyzed the concentration during the liquor fermentation. This work would facilitate the research in nonvolatile compounds of distilled liquor and shed new light on flavor–omics in Chinese liquor.
Brane-Production and the Neutrino-Nucleon cross section at Ultra High Energies in Low Scale Gravity Models
Creators: name: Jain, Pankaj
name: Kar, Supriya
name: Panda, Sukanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the ultra high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) showers has remained as a mystery among particle physicists and astrophysicists. In low scale gravity models, where the neutrino-nucleon cross section rises to typical hadronic values at energies above $10^{20}$ eV, the neutrino becomes a candidate for the primary that initiates these showers. We calculate the neutrino-nucleon cross section at ultra high energies by assuming that it is dominated by the production of p-branes. We show, using a generalized Randall-Sundrum model, that the neutrino-nucleon cross-section at neutrino energies of $10^{11}$ GeV is of the order of 100 mb, which is required for explaining UHECR events. Similar result also follows in other models such as the Lykken-Randall model.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, significantly revised version, no change in conclusions
Sub-5 nm single crystalline organic p–n heterojunctions
Creators: name: Xiao, Mingchao
name: Liu, Jie
name: Liu, Chuan
name: Han, Guangchao
name: Shi, Yanjun
name: Li, Chunlei
name: Zhang, Xi
name: Hu, Yuanyuan
name: Liu, Zitong
name: Gao, Xike
name: Cai, Zhengxu
name: Liu, Ji
name: Yi, Yuanping
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Wang, Dong
name: Hu, Wenping
name: Liu, Yunqi
name: Sirringhaus, Henning
name: Jiang, Lang
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/639/301/1005/1007
/639/925/357/995
/120
/128
/147
article

description: Funder: Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)
description: Abstract: The cornerstones of emerging high-performance organic photovoltaic devices are bulk heterojunctions, which usually contain both structure disorders and bicontinuous interpenetrating grain boundaries with interfacial defects. This feature complicates fundamental understanding of their working mechanism. Highly-ordered crystalline organic p–n heterojunctions with well-defined interface and tailored layer thickness, are highly desirable to understand the nature of organic heterojunctions. However, direct growth of such a crystalline organic p–n heterojunction remains a huge challenge. In this work, we report a design rationale to fabricate monolayer molecular crystals based p–n heterojunctions. In an organic field-effect transistor configuration, we achieved a well-balanced ambipolar charge transport, comparable to single component monolayer molecular crystals devices, demonstrating the high-quality interface in the heterojunctions. In an organic solar cell device based on the p–n junction, we show the device exhibits gate-tunable open-circuit voltage up to 1.04 V, a record-high value in organic single crystalline photovoltaics.
Comparison of structure- and ligand-based scoring functions for deep generative models: a GPCR case study
Creators: name: Thomas, Morgan
name: Smith, Robert T.
name: O’Boyle, Noel M.
name: De Graaf, Chris
name: Bender, Andreas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
In Silico Structure Generation: Recent Developments, Applications, and Challenges
Artificial Intelligence
AI
Structure-based drug design
SBDD
Ligand-based drug design
LBDD
Deep learning
Generative models
Recurrent neural network
Molecular docking
Reinforcement learning
De novo design
Quantitative structure–activity relationship
QSAR

description: Abstract: Deep generative models have shown the ability to devise both valid and novel chemistry, which could significantly accelerate the identification of bioactive compounds. Many current models, however, use molecular descriptors or ligand-based predictive methods to guide molecule generation towards a desirable property space. This restricts their application to relatively data-rich targets, neglecting those where little data is available to sufficiently train a predictor. Moreover, ligand-based approaches often bias molecule generation towards previously established chemical space, thereby limiting their ability to identify truly novel chemotypes. In this work, we assess the ability of using molecular docking via Glide—a structure-based approach—as a scoring function to guide the deep generative model REINVENT and compare model performance and behaviour to a ligand-based scoring function. Additionally, we modify the previously published MOSES benchmarking dataset to remove any induced bias towards non-protonatable groups. We also propose a new metric to measure dataset diversity, which is less confounded by the distribution of heavy atom count than the commonly used internal diversity metric. With respect to the main findings, we found that when optimizing the docking score against DRD2, the model improves predicted ligand affinity beyond that of known DRD2 active molecules. In addition, generated molecules occupy complementary chemical and physicochemical space compared to the ligand-based approach, and novel physicochemical space compared to known DRD2 active molecules. Furthermore, the structure-based approach learns to generate molecules that satisfy crucial residue interactions, which is information only available when taking protein structure into account. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantage of using molecular docking to guide de novo molecule generation over ligand-based predictors with respect to predicted affinity, novelty, and the ability to identify key interactions between ligand and protein target. Practically, this approach has applications in early hit generation campaigns to enrich a virtual library towards a particular target, and also in novelty-focused projects, where de novo molecule generation either has no prior ligand knowledge available or should not be biased by it.
Rhagovelia turmalis Nieser & Polhemus 1997
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia turmalis

description: Rhagovelia turmalis Nieser & Polhemus, 1997
Geographical distribution: Brazil.
Distribution in Brazil: Southeast Region (MG) (Nieser & Melo 1997; Nieser & Polhemus 1999).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
Visual arts with infants and toddlers: Developing respectful and intentional pedagogy
Creators: name: Denee, Rachel
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2025

description: Infants and toddlers are highly motivated learners and tend to be drawn to the exploration of art materials when available. However, within early childhood education (ECE) settings there is a gap in understanding what constitutes meaningful visual arts experiences for this age group and how teachers can best support them. Drawing on research conducted in Aotearoa
New Zealand this article examines the practices and perceptions of ECE teachers regarding visual arts education for infants and toddlers. Through a nationwide survey and a case study involving a professional learning community three key challenges
emerged: concerns over safety, mess, and a developmentalist perspective on infant-toddler capabilities. The findings from the professional learning intervention highlight the importance of reflective learning and practical experience in strengthening
teachers’ confidence in facilitating visual arts learning for this age group, ultimately leading to a more intentional and respectful pedagogical approach with infants and toddlers’ visual arts learning.
Constraints on the Bulk Standard Model in the Randall-Sundrum Scenario
Creators: name: Burdman, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive constraints on the Randall-Sundrum scenario with the standard model fields in the bulk. These result from tree level effects associated with the deformation of the zero mode wave-functions of the W and the Z once electroweak symmetry is broken. Recently Csáki, Erlich and Terning pointed out that this implies large contributions to electroweak oblique parameters. Here we find that when fermions are allowed in the bulk the couplings of the $W$ and the $Z$ to zero-mode fermions are also affected. We perform a fit to electroweak observables assuming universal bulk fermion masses and including all effects and find constraints that are considerably stronger than for the case with fermions localized in the low energy boundary. These put the lowest Kaluza-Klein excitation out of reach of the Large Hadron Collider. We then relax the universality assumption and study the effects of flavor violation in the bulk and its possible signatures.
description: 18 pages, 2 ps figures
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Smart Home Energy Management
Creators: name: Yu, Liang
name: Xie, Weiwei
name: Xie, Di
name: Zou, Yulong
name: Zhang, Dengyin
name: Sun, Zhixin
name: Zhang, Linghua
name: Zhang, Yue
name: Jiang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we investigate an energy cost minimization problem for a smart home in the absence of a building thermal dynamics model with the consideration of a comfortable temperature range. Due to the existence of model uncertainty, parameter uncertainty (e.g., renewable generation output, non-shiftable power demand, outdoor temperature, and electricity price) and temporally-coupled operational constraints, it is very challenging to determine the optimal energy management strategy for scheduling Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and energy storage systems in the smart home. To address the challenge, we first formulate the above problem as a Markov decision process, and then propose an energy management strategy based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (DDPG). It is worth mentioning that the proposed strategy does not require the prior knowledge of uncertain parameters and building thermal dynamics model. Simulation results based on real-world traces demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures
Ground states of two-dimensional $\pm$J Edwards-Anderson spin glasses
Creators: name: Landry, J. W.
name: Coppersmith, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact algorithm for finding all the ground states of the two-dimensional Edwards-Anderson $\pm J$ spin glass and characterize its performance. We investigate how the ground states change with increasing system size and and with increasing antiferromagnetic bond ratio $x$. We find that that some system properties have very large and strongly non-Gaussian variations between realizations.
description: 15 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables, uses revtex4 macros
MOESM1 of Patterns of morphological variation in the Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across populations in China, Japan, and Korea
Creators: name: Dae-In Kim
name: Il-Kook Park
name: Ota, Hidetoshi
name: Fong, Jonathan
name: Kim, Jong-Sun
name: Yong-Pu Zhang
name: Li, Shu-Ran
name: Woo-Jin Choi
name: Daesik Park
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Summary of 15 morphological (10 size and 5 scale) variables of male and female Gekko japonicus in 11 populations and the results of Kruskal-Wallis test on the standardized variables to the overall mean snout-vent length (SVL) after log10-transformation among 11 populations. Data are presented as mean ± 1SD with the range of the data.
MOESM6 of Genetic and environmental variation impact the cuticular hydrocarbon metabolome on the stigmatic surfaces of maize
Creators: name: Tesia Dennison
name: Wenmin Qin
name: Loneman, Derek
name: Condon, Samson
name: Lauter, Nick
name: Nikolau, Basil
name: Yandeau-Nelson, Marna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S3. Mass-spectral identification of silk surface alkenes. The double bond positions of monoenes were determined from GC-MS analysis of dimethyl disulfide adducts of unsaturated metabolites in the hydrocarbon extracts. A. The identification of 7-nonacosene is shown. The fragmentation of 7-nonacosene generates daughter ions of 145 [(C8H17S)+] and 355 [(C23H47S)+] m/z units, identifying the double bond position to be between the 7th and 8th carbon atoms of the alkyl chain. B. The identification of 9-nonacosene is shown. The fragmentation of 9-nonacosene generates daughter ions of 173 [(C8H17S)+] and 327 [(C23H47S)+] m/z units, identifying the double bond position between the 9th and 10th carbon atoms of the alkyl chain.
POD-Attention: Unlocking Full Prefill-Decode Overlap for Faster LLM Inference
Creators: name: Kamath, Aditya K
name: Prabhu, Ramya
name: Mohan, Jayashree
name: Peter, Simon
name: Ramjee, Ramachandran
name: Panwar, Ashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; C.1.4

description: Each request in LLM inference goes through two phases: compute-bound prefill and memory-bandwidth-bound decode. To improve GPU utilization, recent systems use hybrid batching that combines the prefill and decode phases of different requests into the same batch. This approach optimizes linear operations but remains inefficient for attention computation because existing attention kernels specialize execution independently for the prefill and decode phases.
 In this paper, we present POD-Attention - the first GPU kernel that efficiently computes attention for hybrid batches. POD-Attention aims to maximize the utilization of both compute and memory bandwidth by carefully allocating the GPU's resources such that prefill and decode operations happen concurrently on the same multiprocessor. POD-Attention speeds up attention computation by up to $59\%$ (mean $28\%$), enabling higher throughput and lower latency LLM inference compared to the use of independently optimized prefill and decode attention kernels.
description: Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2 (ASPLOS '25), March 30 - April 3, 2025, Rotterdam, Netherlands
A Self-Consistent Study of Triaxial Black-Hole Nuclei
Creators: name: Poon, M. Y.
name: Merritt, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct models of triaxial galactic nuclei containing central black holes using the method of orbital superposition, then verify their stability by advancing N-body realizations of the models forward in time. We assume a power-law form for the stellar density, rho ~ 1/r and 1/r^2; these correspond approximately to the nuclear density profiles of bright and faint galaxies respectively. Equidensity surfaces are ellipsoids with fixed axis ratios. The central black hole is represented by a Newtonian point mass. We consider three triaxial shapes: almost prolate, almost oblate and maximally triaxial. Two kinds of orbital solution are attempted for each mass model: the first including only regular orbits, the second including chaotic orbits as well. We find that stable configurations exist in the maximally triaxial and nearly-oblate cases; however steady-state solutions in the nearly-prolate geometry could not be found. A large fraction of the mass, of order 50% or more, could be assigned to the chaotic orbits without inducing evolution. Our results demonstrate that triaxiality may persist even within the sphere of influence of the central black hole, and that chaotic orbits may constitute an important building block of galactic nuclei.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, uses emulateapj.sty
Clustering Multivariate Data using Factor Analytic Bayesian Mixtures with an Unknown Number of Components
Creators: name: Papastamoulis, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work on overfitting Bayesian mixtures of distributions offers a powerful framework for clustering multivariate data using a latent Gaussian model which resembles the factor analysis model. The flexibility provided by overfitting mixture models yields a simple and efficient way in order to estimate the unknown number of clusters and model parameters by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. The present study extends this approach by considering a set of eight parameterizations, giving rise to parsimonious representations of the covariance matrix per cluster. A Gibbs sampler combined with a prior parallel tempering scheme is implemented in order to approximately sample from the posterior distribution of the overfitting mixture. The parameterization and number of factors is selected according to the Bayesian Information Criterion. Identifiability issues related to label switching are dealt by post-processing the simulated output with the Equivalence Classes Representatives algorithm. The contributed method and software are demonstrated and compared to similar models estimated using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm on simulated and real datasets. The software is available online at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fabMix.
description: Revised version (22 pages)
Abnormally abrupt transitions from sleep-to-wake in Huntington’s disease sheep ( Ovis aries ) are revealed by automated analysis of sleep/wake transition dynamics
Creators: name: Schneider, William T.
name: Vas, Szilvia
name: Nicol, Alister U.
name: Morton, A. Jennifer
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences
Research and analysis methods

description: Funder: CHDI Foundation; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005725
description: Sleep disturbance is a common and disruptive symptom of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease (HD). In HD patients, sleep fragmentation appears at an early stage of disease, although features of the earliest sleep abnormalities in presymptomatic HD are not fully established. Here we used novel automated analysis of quantitative electroencephalography to study transitions between wake and non-rapid eye movement sleep in a sheep model of presymptomatic HD. We found that while the number of transitions between sleep and wake were similar in normal and HD sheep, the dynamics of transitions from sleep-to-wake differed markedly between genotypes. Rather than the gradual changes in EEG power that occurs during transitioning from sleep-to-wake in normal sheep, transition into wake was abrupt in HD sheep. Furthermore, transitions to wake in normal sheep were preceded by a significant reduction in slow wave power, whereas in HD sheep this prior reduction in slow wave power was far less pronounced. This suggests an impaired ability to prepare for waking in HD sheep. The abruptness of awakenings may also have potential to disrupt sleep-dependent processes if they are interrupted in an untimely and disjointed manner. We propose that not only could these abnormal dynamics of sleep transitions be useful as an early biomarker of HD, but also that our novel methodology would be useful for studying transition dynamics in other sleep disorders.
Rhagovelia whitei
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia whitei

description: Rhagovelia whitei (Breddin, 1898)
Geographical distribution: Brazil and Paraguay.
 Distribution in Brazil: North, Central-West, and Southeast regions (PA, MT, GO, MG) (Breddin 1898; Drake & Harris 1931a; Polhemus 1997; Nieser & Melo 1997; Heckman 1998; Goulart et al. 2002; Vianna & Melo 2003; Pelli et al. 2006; Souza et al. 2006).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
Student perspectives of preparedness characteristics for clinical learning within a fully distributed veterinary teaching model
Creators: name: Saadeh, Khalil
name: Aitken, Joanna B.
name: Paramasivam, Sharmini Julita
name: Cockcroft, Peter
name: Jeevaratnam, Kamalan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: People and places
subject: Medicine and health sciences

description: The transition into the clinical environment is challenging and associated with significant stress and anxiety. This study aimed to examine the perspectives of students on the characteristics important for preparedness for clinical learning and the influence of gender, age, and graduate status on those perspectives. This descriptive, questionnaire-based study of 62 characteristics categorised into six themes was conducted within the Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine completed by 139 students commencing their final clinical year. The Friedman test and post-hoc Wilcoxon signed rank sum test explored for differences in ranking across the themes. Ordinal logistic regression and Mann-Whitney U pairwise comparisons were utilised to investigate for effects of gender, age, and graduate status on theme ranking. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) between medians for themes of preparedness characteristics with comparisons revealing willingness and communication and interaction as the most highly rated characteristics. Knowledge and understanding were viewed as the least important characteristic. Regression and pairwise Mann-Whitney U comparisons confirmed no significant effects (P >0.05) of gender, age or graduate status on student rating of preparedness characteristics. Integrating learning opportunities of those preparedness characteristics in the pre-clinical curriculum may improve students’ preparedness for the clinical environment.
Additional file 4 of Decreased mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients treated with corticosteroids: an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with trial sequential analysis
Creators: name: Lin, Ping
name: Zhao, Yuean
name: Li, Xiaoqian
name: Jiang, Faming
name: Liang, Zongan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Trial sequential analysis of hyperglycemia trials for hyperglycemia. The required information size for detecting an intervention effect was 746 patients. The relative risk was 1.11, and the 95% confidence interval was corrected to 0.98–1.25, from 0.99 to1.23. TSA showed that the cumulative Z-curve crossed the futility boundary.
Benefits and Challenges of Current Closed-Loop Technologies in Children and Young People With Type 1 Diabetes
Creators: name: Fuchs, Julia
name: Hovorka, Roman
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pediatrics
diabetes technology
young people
type 1 diabetes (or diabetes)
closed-loop insulin delivery
artificial pancreas (AP)
children

description: Recent advances in diabetes technology have led to the development of closed-loop insulin delivery systems for the management of type 1 diabetes. Several such systems are now commercially available for children and young people. While all available systems have been shown to improve glycaemic control and quality of life in this population, qualitative data also highlights the challenges in using closed-loop systems, which vary among different pediatric age-groups. Very young children require systems that are able to cope with low insulin doses and significant glycaemic variability due to their high insulin sensitivity and unpredictable eating and exercise patterns. Adolescents' compliance is often related to size and number of devices, usability of the systems, need for calibrations, and their ability to interact with the system. Given the speed of innovations, understanding the capabilities and key similarities and differences of current systems can be challenging for healthcare professionals, caregivers and young people with type 1 diabetes alike. The aim of this review is to summarize the key evidence on currently available closed-loop systems for children and young people with type 1 diabetes, as well as commenting on user experience, where real-world data are available. We present findings on a system-basis, as well as identifying specific challenges in different pediatric age-groups and commenting on how current systems might address these. Finally, we identify areas for future research with regards to closed-loop technology tailored for pediatric use and how these might inform reimbursement and alleviate disease burden.
Light Gluino, Light Bottom Squark Scenario, and LEP Predictions
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Keung, Wai-Yee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scenario of light gluinos and light sbottoms was advocated to explain the discrepancy between the measured and theoretical production of $b$ quarks at the Tevatron. This scenario will have model-independent predictions for $Z\to q\bar q \tilde{g} \tilde{g}$ at the $Z^0$-pole, and $e^+ e^- \to q\bar q \tilde{g} \tilde{g}$ at LEPII. We show that the data for $Z\to q \bar q g^* \to q\bar q b \bar b$ at LEPI cannot constrain the scenario, because the ratio $Γ(Z \to q\bar q \tilde{g} \tilde{g})/ Γ(Z \to q \bar q g^* \to q\bar q b \bar b) = 0.15 - 0.04$ for $m_{\tilde{g}}= 12-16$ GeV is smaller than the uncertainty of the data. However, at LEPII the ratio $σ(e^+ e^- \to q\bar q \tilde{g} \tilde{g})/ σ(e^+ e^- \to q \bar q g^* \to q\bar q b \bar b) \simeq 0.4 - 0.2$ for $m_{\tilde{g}}= 12-16$ GeV, which may give an observable excess in $q\bar q b\bar b$ events; especially, the $4b$ events.
description: to match the published version in PRL
The Carbon-Sulfur Link in the Remineralization of Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments
Creators: name: Bradbury, Harold J.
name: Turchyn, Alexandra V.
name: Bateson, Adam
name: Antler, Gilad
name: Fotherby, Angus
name: Druhan, Jennifer L.
name: Greaves, Mervyn
name: Sevilgen, Duygu S.
name: Hodell, David A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Earth Science
carbon isotopes
sulfur isotopes
early diagenesis
microbial sulfate reduction
methanotrophy and methanogenesis
reactive transport modeling

description: Here we present the carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfate, along with changes in sulfate concentrations, of the pore fluid collected from a series of sediment cores located along a depth transect on the Iberian Margin. We use these data to explore the coupling of microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) to organic carbon oxidation in the uppermost (up to nine meters) sediment. We argue that the combined use of the carbon and sulfur isotopic composition, of DIC and sulfate respectively, in sedimentary pore fluids, viewed through a δ13CDIC vs. δ34SSO4 cross plot, reveals significant insight into the nature of carbon-sulfur coupling in marine sedimentary pore fluids on continental margins. Our data show systemic changes in the carbon and sulfur isotopic composition of DIC and sulfate (respectively) where, at all sites, the carbon isotopic composition of the DIC decreases before the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfate increases. We compare our results to global data and show that this behavior persists over a range of sediment types, locations and water depths. We use a reactive-transport model to show how changes in the amount of DIC in seawater, the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter, the amount of organic carbon oxidation by early diagenetic reactions, and the presence and source of methane influence the carbon and sulfur isotopic composition of sedimentary pore fluids and the shape of the δ13CDIC vs. δ34SSO4 cross plot. The δ13C of the DIC released during sulfate reduction and sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane is a major control on the minimum δ13CDIC value in the δ13CDIC vs. δ34SSO4 cross plot, with the δ13C of the organic carbon being important during both MSR and combined sulfate reduction, sulfate-driven AOM and methanogenesis.
Dynamics of alpha- and beta- processes in thin polymer films: poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(methyl methacrylate)
Creators: name: Fukao, Koji
name: Uno, Shinobu
name: Miyamoto, Yoshihisa
name: Hoshino, Akitaka
name: Miyaji, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of thin films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in the frequency range from 0.1Hz to 1MHz at temperatures from 263K to 423K. The $α$-process, the key process of glass transition, is observed for thin films of PVAc and PMMA as a dielectric loss peak at a temperature $T_α$ in temperature domain with a fixed frequency. For PMMA the $β$-process is also observed at a temperature $T_β$. For PVAc, $T_α$ decreases gradually with decreasing thickness, and the thickness dependence of $T_α$ is almost independent of the molecular weight ($M_{\rm w}\le2.4\times10^5$). For PMMA, $T_α$ remains almost constant as thickness decreases down to a critical thickness $d_c$, at which point it begins to decrease with decreasing thickness. Contrastingly, $T_β$ decreases gradually as thickness decreases to $d_c$, and below $d_c$ it decreases drastically. For both PVAc and PMMA, the broadening of the distribution of the relaxation times in thinner films is observed and this broadening is more pronounced for the $α$-process than for the $β$-process. It is also observed that the relaxation strength is depressed as the thickness decreases for both the polymers.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
The sound speed in Yukawa one component plasmas across coupling regimes
Creators: name: Silvestri, Luciano G
name: Kalman, Gabor J.
name: Donkó, Zoltán
name: Hartmann, Peter
name: Rosenberg, Marlene
name: Golden, Kenneth I.
name: Kyrkos, Stamatios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A many-body system of charged particles interacting via a pairwise Yukawa potential, the so-called Yukawa One Component Plasma (YOCP) is a good approximation for a variety of physical systems. Such systems are completely characterized by two parameters; the screening parameter, $κ$, and the nominal coupling strength, $Γ$. It is well known that the collective spectrum of the YOCP is governed by a longitudinal acoustic mode, both in the weakly and strongly coupled regimes. In the long-wavelength limit the linear term in the dispersion (\textit{i.e.} $ω= s k$) defines the sound speed $s$. We study the evolution of this latter quantity from the weak through the strong coupling regimes by analyzing the Dynamic Structure Function $S(k,ω)$ in the low frequency domain. Depending on the values of $Γ$ and $κ$ and $w = s/v_{\textrm{th}}$, (\textit{i.e.} the ratio between the phase velocity of the wave and thermal speed of the particles) we identify five domains in the $(κ,Γ)$ parameter space in which the physical behavior of the YOCP exhibits different features. The competing physical processes are the collective Coulomb like vs. binary collision dominated behavior and the individual particle motion vs. quasi-localization. Our principal tool of investigation is Molecular Dynamics (MD) computer simulation from which we obtain $S(k,ω)$. Recent improvements in the simulation technique have allowed us to obtain a large body of high quality data in the range $Γ= \{0.1 - 10,000\}$ and $κ= \{0.5 -5\}$. The theoretical results based on various models are compared in order to see which one provides the most cogent physical description and the best agreement with MD data in the different domains.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures