cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-equilibrium Steady State Conductivity in Cyclo[18]carbon and Its Boron Nitride Analogue
Creators: name: Raeber, Alexandra E
name: Mazziotti, David A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A ring-shaped carbon allotrope was recently synthesized for the first time, reinvigorating theoretical interest in this class of molecules. The dual $π$ structure of these molecules allows for the possibility of novel electronic properties. In this work we use reduced density matrix theory to study the electronic structure and conductivity of cyclo[18]carbon and its boron nitride analogue, B\textsubscript{9}N\textsubscript{9}. The variational 2RDM method replicates the experimental polyynic geometry of cyclo[18]carbon. We use a current-constrained 1-electron reduced density matrix (1-RDM) theory with Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals and energies to compute the molecular conductance in two cases: (1) conductance in the plane of the molecule and (2) conductance around the molecular ring as potentially driven by a magnetic field through the molecule's center. In-plane conductance is greater than conductance around the ring, but cyclo[18]carbon is slightly more conductive than B\textsubscript{9}N\textsubscript{9} for both in-the-plane and in-the-ring conduction. The computed conductance per molecular orbital provides insight into how the orbitals---their energies and densities---drive the conduction.
Impacts of the US Ethanol Boom in Rural Mexico
Creators: name: Dyer, George A.
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Dyer, George A.
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Assessing the human and environmental impacts of biofuels requires unraveling the connection between international trade, on one hand, and local land-use and social change, on the other, while accounting for cross-scalar linkages between and within social and environmental systems. We propose a disaggregated approach to model how macro shocks shape rural households’ decisions, and how these decisions integrate onto aggregate supply and land use patterns. The approach, built on an agent-based model of rural Mexico, is used to explore the impacts of ethanol-driven US corn price increases. Our estimate of a 5.7% expansion in corn area by 2008 and wide variation across regions corresponds fairly well with ex post reports. Estimates from alternative models exceed ours by up to 200%. Corn land expanded between 1.6% in the southeast and 16% in the northwest. A 3% increase in agricultural value added nevertheless did not promote rural development, whether measured in terms of total rural value added or income. Direct and indirect (multiplier) effects on rural incomes were limited. Rural households experienced a 0.02% increase in real income, while absentee (non-rural) landholders’ income increased 3.9%. Our approach highlights the crucial role of local market conditions and interactions among microeconomic actors in shaping biofuels’ impacts via local feedback mechanisms. It suggests that subsistence activities might keep deforestation pressures in check in some developing areas while precluding the rural population from benefiting. A disaggregated approach should help integrate future research on land-use change and economics.
Vacancy-like dressed states in topological waveguide QED
Creators: name: Leonforte, Luca
name: Carollo, Angelo
name: Ciccarello, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a class of dressed atom-photon states formingat the same energy of the atom at any coupling strength. As a hallmark, their photonic component is an eigenstate of the bare photonic bath with a vacancy in place of the atom. The picture accommodates waveguide-QED phenomena where atoms behave as perfect mirrors, connecting in particular dressed bound states (BS) in the continuum or BIC with geometrically-confined photonic modes. When applied to photonic lattices, the framework provides a general criterion to predict dressed BS in lattices with topological properties by putting them in one-to-one correspondence with photonic BS. New classes of dressed BS are thus predicted in the photonic Creutz-ladder and Haldane models. In the latter case, states with non-zero local photon flux occur, where an atom is dressed by a photon orbiting around it.
description: 6+17 pages, 4 figures
IWRM and Food Security Project in Kafue Basin: Process Documentation
Creators: name: Chisaka, Jonathan
name: Chisaka, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Water resource management
subject: Project planning
subject: Project management
subject: Water storage
subject: Pumping
subject: Wells
subject: Participatory management
subject: Leadership
subject: Water policy
subject: Central government
subject: Local government
subject: Irrigation water
subject: Zambia
subject: Kafue River Basin
subject: Katuba
subject: Namwala
subject: Chibombo
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community
subject: Rural
subject: Urban Development
subject: Crop Production
subject: Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics
subject: Land Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development
subject: Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods
subject: Statistical Methods
subject: Resource
subject: Energy Economics and Policy

description: The purpose of this report is to show the process of the intervention made through the implementation of the IWRM and Food Security Demonstration Project in Zambia. The report gives details of the project processes, showing the steps the project went through, the outcomes and its impact on the communities where it was implemented. The report is the result of a number of field visits made to the completed project sites, the sources of information have been; focus group meetings, interviews, discussions with key informants, beneficiaries the youth, male and female stakeholders and reviews of project activity reports, and direct observations. Therefore, what is presented here is a cumulative “factual and real time” opinion as to what has been observed and discussed. The Project was implemented over a period of two years in the three sites of the Kafue River Basin in the Central and Southern Provinces respectively. Katuba is at the Northern Bank of the Kafue River on the Mwembeshi River, a tributary of the Kafue River. Namwala is at the Southern Bank of the Kafue River, with Namwala River pouring its waters in the Kafue and meandering around the plains. The Kafue River Basin covers the Copper Belt Province in the North Western part of the country. Katuba is in Chibombo district and in the chiefdom of Mungule. In Namwala district, the project has been implemented in Mungaila and Mukobela Chiefdoms respectively. The report highlights some of the successes achieved by the intervention and some of the challenges faced by the target communities and recommends the way-forward to the sustainable management of water resources by the communities. The purpose of the project was to demonstrate the benefits of applying the IWRM principles and practices to reduce poverty and improve quality of life of the people through economic empowerment.
Revisiting the “cotton problem”: A comparative analysis of cotton reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Delpeuch, Claire
name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Delpeuch, Claire
name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
subject: cotton reforms
subject: self-enforcing contracts

description: The cotton sector has been amongst the most regulated in West and Central Africa (WCA), and still is to a large extent, despite repeated reform recommendations by international donors. On the other hand, orthodox reforms in East and Southern Africa (ESA) have not always yielded the expected results. This paper uses a stylized contracting model to investigate the link between market structure and equity and efficiency in sub-Saharan cotton sectors and analyze the potential consequences of orthodox reforms in WCA. We argue that the level of the world price and of government intervention, the degree of post-reform competition, as well as the degree of parastatal inefficiency, all contribute to making reforms less attractive (but not less pressing) to farmers and governments in WCA today, as compared to ESA in the 1990s. We illustrate our arguments with empirical observations on the performance of cotton sectors across sub-Saharan Africa.
MARKETED OUTPUTS AND NON-MARKETED ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES
Creators: name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Wossink, Ada
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Wossink, Ada
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: ecosystem services
subject: green payments
subject: bio-economic modelling
subject: economies of scale and scope
subject: program evaluation.

description: We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of green payment schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, substitutive and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending on the imposed minimum acceptable level of the non-marketed ecosystem services. We employ farm level panel data for the UK to empirically investigate these cases. More specifically, to represent and evaluate the production structure, we estimate first- and second-order elasticities derived from a flexible transformation function. Results show that the majority of farms produce agricultural output and ecosystem services in a complementary relationship. Generation of multiple ecosystem services on the same farm showed either a substitutive or competitive relationship. Changing the composition of the ecosystem services output would have very different implications for individual farms.
title: Plant-syrphid interactions in an urban farm matrix
Creators: name: Bazzocchi, Giovanni Giorgio
name: Morelli, Agata
name: Flaminio, Simone
name: Orsini, Francesco
Publisher: name: University of Bologna
Year: 2022

description: Insect biodiversity is being lost at a staggering rate. One of the largest contributors of global insects declines is urban development and expansion (Maxwell et al., 2020). This is because natural and semi-natural landscapes are converted into areas dominated by built features and impervious ground cover, leading to habitat loss and degradation and ultimately, insect and pollinator extinction or replacement (McKinney, 2006). Urban agricultural sites are a growing component of cities to improve food security and reintroduce ‘green spaces’ that could potentially revitalise dull city centres that are otherwise depauperate in vegetation and biodiversity. However, it is still unclear how urban agriculture contributes to biodiversity and whether it beneficially impacts pollinator communities.
Milk Market Integration between Hungary and Poland
Creators: name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Falkowski, Jan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Falkowski, Jan
name: Ferto, Imre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: horizontal integration
subject: milk market
subject: threshold cointegration

description: In this paper we test the retail milk price integration between two countries, Poland and Hungary. Conventional linear cointegration methods do not reveal any relationship between the two prices, therefore we apply Gonzalo and Pitakaris (2006) method to test the linear cointegration null against the threshold cointegration with an exogenous threshold variable alternative hypothesis. Our results show, that the Hungarian Forint – Polish Zloty exchange rate is econometrically an appropriate threshold variable, the linearity null is rejected, and the two alternative regimes may be characterised with different long-run equilibrium relationships. Corresponding trade data however questions the economic appropriateness of the selected threshold variable. Further research is needed to analyse the actual effective milk trade flows between the two countries, subject to exchange rate variations.
Minimum pricing of alcohol and its impact on consumption in the UK
Creators: name: Arnoult, Matthieu H.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
name: Arnoult, Matthieu H.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: A complete model of food demand is estimated for UK households, focusing on alcohol consumption both at home and outside. Using EFS data for 2005-06, several AIDS models have been estimated at different aggregation levels, thus defining a hierarchical system which allows for computation of cross elasticities between finely disaggregated food groups. At the bottom level of the system, elasticities for 9 groups of alcoholic drinks are computed, 4 of which corresponding to home consumption, 5 corresponding to outside consumption. Estimates from the upper levels of aggregation are used to acknowledge substitution and complementarity effect between these 9 groups and all other food groups consumed. Based on alcohol content of the different drinks studied, their strength and price per unit of alcohol sold is computed; a price increase is then devised, whereby all drinks must be sold at a minimum price of 50p per unit. This rise in alcohol prices, in combination with price elasticities of demand, indicates consumption changes observed according to different socio-economic characteristics (geographical, age, gender, income, socio-economic group). In spite of a slight substitution effect between alcoholic drinks and other food groups, overall consumption would decrease by 15% at the UK level. Only alcohol sold for home consumption would see an increase in prices, and reduction in sales would generally spare pubs and restaurants. While consuming more units of alcohol than other groups, higher income and high managerial groups would be less affected by this pricing policy.
Additional file 2 of Lipidome analysis of milk composition in humans, monkeys, bovids, and pigs
Creators: name: Mitina, Aleksandra
name: Mazin, Pavel
name: Vanyushkina, Anna
name: Anikanov, Nikolay
name: Mair, Waltraud
name: Guo, Song
name: Khaitovich, Philipp
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Mass spectrometry output showing 76 lipid features computationally annotated as TAGs. The x-axis shows the compounds’ mass-by-charge ratio (m/z). The y-axis shows retention time (RT) of the compound on the liquid chromatography preceding mass spectrometry. Colors indicate two clusters of lipids showing intensity differences between humans and two macaque species. Each point represents annotated TAG feature; labels include the cumulative length of the carbon chains and the total number of double bonds of the fatty acid residues.
Inequality, a scourge of the XXI century
Creators: name: Iglesias, José Roberto
name: Cardoso, Ben-Hur Francisco
name: Gonçalves, Sebastián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social and economic inequality is a plague of the XXI Century. It is continuously widening, as the wealth of a relatively small group increases and, therefore, the rest of the world shares a shrinking fraction of resources. This situation has been predicted and denounced by economists and econophysicists. The latter ones have widely used models of market dynamics which consider that wealth distribution is the result of wealth exchanges among economic agents. A simple analogy relates the wealth in a society with the kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas, and the trade between agents to the energy exchange between the molecules during collisions. However, while in physical systems, thanks to the equipartition of energy, the gas eventually arrives at an equilibrium state, in many exchange models the economic system never equilibrates. Instead, it moves toward a "condensed" state, where one or a few agents concentrate all the wealth of the society and the rest of agents shares zero or a very small fraction of the total wealth. Here we discuss two ways of avoiding the "condensed" state. On one hand, we consider a regulatory policy that favors the poorest agent in the exchanges, thus increasing the probability that the wealth goes from the richest to the poorest agent. On the other hand, we study a tax system and its effects on wealth distribution. We compare the redistribution processes and conclude that complete control of the inequalities can be attained with simple regulations or interventions.
Exploring the effect of geometric coupling on friction and energy dissipation in rough contacts of elastic and viscoelastic coatings
Creators: name: Menga, N.
name: Carbone, G.
name: Dini, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the frictional behavior of both elastic and viscoelastic thin coatings bonded to a seemingly rigid substrate and sliding against a rough profile in the presence of Coulomb friction at the interface. The aim is to explore the effect of the coupling between the normal and tangential displacement fields arising from the finiteness of the material thickness and to quantify the contribution this can have on energy losses. We found that, due to normal-tangential coupling, asymmetric contacts and consequently additional friction are observed even for purely elastic layers, indeed associated with zero bulk energy dissipation. Furthermore, enhanced viscoelastic friction is reported in the case of viscoelastic coatings due to coupling, this time also entailing larger bulk energy dissipation. Geometric coupling also introduces additional interactions involving the larger scales normal displacements, which leads to a significant increase of the contact area, under given normal load, compared to the uncoupled contacts. These results show that, in the case of contact interfaces involving thin deformable coating bonded to significantly stiffer substrate, the effect of interfacial shear stresses on the frictional and contact behavior cannot be neglected.
Hybrid Wannier Chern bands in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene and the quantized anomalous Hall effect
Creators: name: Hejazi, Kasra
name: Chen, Xiao
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for studying the strong interaction regimes in twisted bilayer graphene using hybrid Wannier functions, that are Wannier-like in one direction and Bloch-like in the other. We focus on the active bands as given by the continuum model proposed by Bistritzer and MacDonald, and discuss the properties of corresponding hybrid Wannier functions. We then employ the method for a study of the fillings of $\pm 3$ electrons per moiré cell using the Hartree-Fock method. We discuss at length different regimes under which a quantized anomalous Hall effect is seen in these two fillings.
Additional file 1 of Lipidome analysis of milk composition in humans, monkeys, bovids, and pigs
Creators: name: Mitina, Aleksandra
name: Mazin, Pavel
name: Vanyushkina, Anna
name: Anikanov, Nikolay
name: Mair, Waltraud
name: Guo, Song
name: Khaitovich, Philipp
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Mass spectrometry output showing 76 lipid features computationally annotated as TAGs. The x-axis shows the compounds’ mass-by-charge ratio (m/z). The y-axis shows retention time (RT) of the compound on the liquid chromatography preceding mass spectrometry. Colors indicate four clusters of lipids showing intensity differences among species. Each point represents annotated TAG feature; labels include the cumulative length of the carbon chains and the total number of double bonds of the fatty acid residues.
Characterizing the Sample Selection for Supernova Cosmology
Creators: name: Kim, Alex G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are used as distance indicators to infer the cosmological parameters that specify the expansion history of the universe. Parameter inference depends on the criteria by which the analysis SN sample is selected. Only for the simplest selection criteria and population models can the likelihood be calculated analytically, otherwise it needs to be determined numerically, a process that inherently has error. Numerical errors in the likelihood lead to errors in parameter inference. This article presents toy examples where the distance modulus is inferred given a set of SNe at a single redshift. Parameter estimators and their uncertainties are calculated using Monte Carlo techniques. The relationship between the number of Monte Carlo realizations and numerical errors is presented. The procedure can be applied to more realistic models and used to determine the computational and data management requirements of the transient analysis pipeline.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Lepton Flavor Violation as a Probe of Quark-Lepton Unification
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Kang, Sin Kyu
name: Kim, C. S.
name: Lee, Jake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent measurements of the solar neutrino mixing angle theta_{sol} and the Cabibbo mixing angle theta_C reveal a surprising relation, theta_{sol}+theta_C ~ pi/4. Interpreting this empirical relation as a support of the quark-lepton unification, we find that the PMNS mixing matrix can be decomposed into a CKM-like matrix and maximal mixing matrices, which can give profound implications on the quark-lepton unification. We explore a possibility to probe the implication of quark-lepton unification by considering the relative sizes of branching ratios for the lepton flavor violating radiative decay processes, l_i-->l_j gamma, in the context of the supersymmetric standard model with heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Complex Impedance as a Diagnostic Tool for Characterizing Thermal Detectors
Creators: name: Vaillancourt, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complex ac impedance of a bolometer or microcalorimeter detector is easily measured and can be used to determine thermal time constants, thermal resistances, heat capacities, and sensitivities. Accurately extracting this information requires an understanding of the electrical and thermal properties of both the detector and the measurement system. We show that this is a practical method for measuring parameters in detectors with moderately complex thermal systems.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX, Review of Scientific Instruments, in press
Stability Manifold of P^1
Creators: name: Okada, So
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: T. Bridgeland defined the notion of a stability manifold for a triangulated category, motivated by Douglas's work on Π-stability for D-branes. We show that the stability manifold of the bounded derived category of the coherent sheaves on P^1 is C^2. This is the first complete picture of a stability manifold for a non-Calabi-Yau manifold.
description: Lots of minor collections made and explanations added
The Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Mood/Anxiety Disorders on the Chronic Physical Health Conditions of Men From a National Sample
Creators: name: Johnson-Lawrence, Vicki
name: Griffith, Derek M.
name: Watkins, Daphne C.
Publisher: name: Sage
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: race
subject: Ethnicity
subject: comorbidities
subject: mental health
subject: chronic physical health conditions
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social Sciences

description: Racial/ethnic differences in health are evident among men. Previous work suggests associations between mental and physical health but few studies have examined how mood/anxiety disorders and chronic physical health conditions covary by age, race, and ethnicity among men. Using data from 1,277 African American, 629 Caribbean Black, and 371 non-Hispanic White men from the National Survey of American Life, we examined associations between race/ethnicity and experiencing one or more chronic physical health conditions in logistic regression models stratified by age and 12-month mood/anxiety disorder status. Among men <45 years without mood/anxiety disorders, Caribbean Blacks had lower odds of chronic physical health conditions than Whites. Among men aged 45+ years with mood/ anxiety disorders, African Americans had greater odds of chronic physical health conditions than Whites. Future studies should explore the underlying causes of such variation and how studying mental and chronic physical health problems together may help identify mechanisms that underlie racial disparities in life expectancy among men.
Sophie Raux; Lotteries, Art Markets, and Visual Culture in the Low Countries, 15th–17th Centuries
Creators: name: Lind, Sabrina
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Sophie Raux; Lotteries, Art Markets, and Visual Culture in the Low Countries, 15th–17th Centuries (Studies in the History of Collecting & Art Markets 4); Leiden/Boston: Brill 2018; 369 S., 95 farb. Abb.; ISBN 978-90-04-35321-3
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 3 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Can the lack of coordination between an agricultural authority and a water agency generate inefficiencies?
Creators: name: Martin, Elsa
name: Stahn, Hubert
name: Martin, Elsa
name: Stahn, Hubert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: externalities
subject: agricultural policy
subject: water policy
subject: coordination of policies

description: The point of departure of this work is the situation occurring in the Crau area (South-East of France). In this region, organic farmers use surface water for irrigation and excess water percolates into an aquifer that is used as a source for local residents. In contrast to the standard framework, agricultural production thus increases groundwater levels. In this paper, using a dynamic model, we derive the myopic and socially optimal food and water consumption paths. The first aim is to bring to the fore that an intervention is needed and that, in such a specific case, the environment can be protected thanks to some "good" production incentives. We then analyze the problem of coordination that can occur when two distinct local authorities - an agricultural and a water one, optimize food production and water use. In order to do so, we use an open-loop Nash game. We furthermore add into the picture environmental externalities linked with irrigation water flows that can generate amenities when they replenish wetlands or negative externalities when they induce floods.
Additional file 6 of Bromide impairs the circadian clock and glycolytic homeostasis via disruption of autophagy in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Yicheng Jiang
name: Gu, Yang
name: Xu, Hai
name: Xiaoyi Tian
name: Xuefeng Zhang
name: Xiaojin Xu
name: Wenting Yan
name: Xiwen Zhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S1. Calculations of Amplitude and Phase shift in Fig. 2. Table S2. Calculations of Amplitude and Phase shift in Fig. 3. Table S3. Calculations of Amplitude and Phase shift in Fig. 4. Table S4. The list of primer sequences for qPCR analysis.
nouveau vaccin antipoliomyélitique oral : un tournant décisif pour le programme d’éradication ?
Creators: name: BESSAUD, Maël
Publisher: name: MTSI
Year: 2021

description: Lancé en 1988, le programme d’éradication de la poliomyélite vise à éradiquer les poliovirus, agents étiologiques de la maladie. Coordonné par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, le programme repose sur des campagnes de vaccination de routine ciblant les enfants et sur la surveillance active de la circulation des virus. Il a permis l’éradication de deux des trois sérotypes de poliovirus sauvages et a circonscrit la circulation du sérotype restant à deux pays seulement. Deux vaccins antipoliomyélitiques existent : le vaccin injectable et le vaccin oral. Si les deux vaccins offrent une protection similaire contre la maladie, seul le second est capable de bloquer la transmission des poliovirus. Le vaccin oral est donc indispensable pour endiguer les poliovirus et, finalement, les éradiquer. Dans certains contextes où la couverture vaccinale est faible, les souches atténuées qui composent le vaccin oral peuvent circuler durant des mois et recouvrer un phénotype pathogène par dérive génétique. Afin d’éviter ce phénomène, une nouvelle souche vaccinale a été développée par génie génétique : elle a été conçue pour être aussi immunogène que la souche vaccinale historique mais beaucoup plus stable génétiquement afin d’éviter la perte des déterminants génétiques de son atténuation. Après une phase d’évaluation in vitro et des essais cliniques visant à confirmer ses propriétés, la nouvelle souche a été mise en œuvre dans plusieurs pays africains et au Tadjikistan en 2021. New oral polio vaccine: a turning point for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative? Launched in 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) aims to eradicate polioviruses, which are the etiologic agents of poliomyelitis. Coordinated by the World Health Organization, this program relies on two pillars: mass vaccination campaigns that target children and active surveillance of the virus circulation. The GPEI has led to the eradication of two out of three serotypes of wild polioviruses and to the containment of the last serotype in two countries. Two polio vaccines exist: the injectable vaccine and the oral one. Both induce an efficient protection against poliomyelitis, but only the oral vaccine is able to stop poliovirus transmission chains. Therefore, the oral vaccine is essential to contain polioviruses and, finally, to eradicate them. In some contexts where the vaccine coverage is not sufficient, the attenuated strains contained in the oral vaccine can circulate for months and recover a pathogenic phenotype through genetic drift. In order to prevent this phenomenon, a new vaccine strain has been developed through genetic engineering: it has been designed to be as immunogenic as the historical vaccine strain, but more genetically stable to prevent the loss of its attenuation determinants. After being evaluated in vitro and through clinical trials, the novel strain has been rolled out in several African countries and in Tajikistan in 2021.
description: MTSI, Vol. 1 No 4 (2021): MTSI-Revue
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN THE POLICY PROCESS
Creators: name: Bryden, John Marshall
name: Mittenzwei, Klaus
name: Bryden, John Marshall
name: Mittenzwei, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Academic freedom
subject: Policy process
subject: policy decision-making
subject: policy advice
subject: research
subject: research institute

description: This paper discusses the role and importance of academic freedom in the policy process. By way of case studies, it is argued that academic freedom plays a crucial role in relation to the development of public policies. We discuss this matter within a framework that allows the understanding of the relationship between researchers and the intervening State, the corporate and non-government sectors with economic or social interests in any particular intervention, the media, and citizens. We apply the framework to recent cases that illustrate problems that have arisen. Moreover, we hypothesise that the problems have become more acute since the start of the era of privatisation and new public management with research agendas and targets often being increasingly set by policy makers. Finally, we draw some conclusions about the role of researchers and institutes in relation to agricultural and rural matters in modern democracies, arguing that freedom of speech and expression is an essential element in the policy role of researchers.
description: B2_1
Spherical Asymptotics for the Rotor-Router Model in Z^d
Creators: name: Levine, Lionel
name: Peres, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The rotor-router model is a deterministic analogue of random walk invented by Jim Propp. It can be used to define a deterministic aggregation model analogous to internal diffusion limited aggregation. We prove an isoperimetric inequality for the exit time of simple random walk from a finite region in Z^d, and use this to prove that the shape of the rotor-router aggregation model in Z^d, suitably rescaled, converges to a Euclidean ball in R^d.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
The inertial sea wave energy converter (ISWEC) technology: device-physics, multiphase modeling and simulations
Creators: name: Khedkar, Kaustubh
name: Nangia, Nishant
name: Thirumalaisamy, Ramakrishnan
name: Bhalla, Amneet Pal Singh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the dynamics of the inertial wave energy converter (ISWEC) device using fully-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Originally prototyped by Polytechnic University of Turin, the device consists of a floating, boat-shaped hull that is slack-moored to the sea bed. Internally, a gyroscopic power take off (PTO) unit converts the wave-induced pitch motion of the hull into electrical energy. The CFD model is based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and utilizes the fictitious domain Brinkman penalization technique to couple the device physics and water wave dynamics. A numerical wave tank is used to emulate realistic sea operating conditions. A Froude scaling analysis is performed to enable two- and three-dimensional simulations for a scaled-down (1:20) ISWEC model. It is demonstrated that the scaled-down 2D model is sufficient to accurately simulate the hull's pitching motion and to predict the power generation capability of the converter. A systematic parameter study of the ISWEC is conducted, and its optimal performance in terms of power generation is determined based on the hull and gyroscope control parameters. It is demonstrated that the device achieves peak performance when the gyroscope specifications are chosen based on reactive control theory. It is shown that a proportional control of the PTO control torque is required to generate continuous gyroscope precession effects, without which the device generates no power. In an inertial reference frame, it is demonstrated that the yaw and pitch torques acting on the hull are of the same order of magnitude, informing future design investigations of the ISWEC technology. Further, an energy transfer pathway from the water waves to the hull, the hull to the gyroscope, and the gyroscope to the PTO unit is analytically described and numerically verified.
description: Figures are compressed to comply with arXiv size requirements
Bluetooth scatternet formation and internetworking with 802.11 and GPRS
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Satyajit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Mobile Ad-Hoc networks(MANET) using Bluetooth technology has gained immense popularity among the networking community. Nowadays electronic devices like cell phones come equipped with Bluetooth. Whereas Bluetooth technology has certain obvious advantages like low power consumption and reliable connection but it suffers some inherent problems including low area of operation, limit of 7 slave devices per master device. 802.11 technology on the other hand, has a wider area of operation and therefore very useful as Access points and higher bandwidth in the order of 11 Mbps in 802.11b. But 802.11 has a higher power consumption than Bluetooth. Cellular networks have a much wider coverage in geographical area than 802.11. Complementing Bluetooth with 802.11 and cellular network technology like GPRS would solve the shortcomings of these three technologies. This thesis is composed of four projects. It introduces RCBTEE( A Remotely Controlled Bluetooth Enabled Environment) which presents a simple Bluetooth Scatternet formation algorithm with remote control applications and a single access point connected to a content server. Then EquiBlue is presented. EquiBlue is a load balanced Bluetooth Scatternet formation algorithm. Then BlueFi is introduced. BlueFi presents a conceptual software layer in the protocol stacks of Bluetooth and 802.11 to realize interoperability in devices with both Bluetooth and 802.11 interfaces. At the end, BlueMobile, a novel protocol for handoff's in Bluetooth, 802.11 and GPRS networks is presented. A thorough, analysis of all the four projects is done arid detailed simulation results are provided. The results underscore the importance of achieving convergence in Bluetooth networks with other networks like 802.11 and GPRS.
Is it becoming more difficult to research EU agricultural sector policies?
Creators: name: Burrell, Alison M.
name: Burrell, Alison M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This paper examines the idea, sometimes expressed by agri-economic policy researchers, that it is becoming increasingly difficult to analyse and evaluate the agricultural sector policies that are operating or being considered for implementation in the EU. It discusses some of the reasons why this perception may have arisen, and tries to find reasons for it in particular developments and features of the current policy environment. No unambiguous answer is offered for the question posed in the title, but nonetheless the paper concludes on a note of cautious optimism.
description: B2_2
IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER? OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS OF SCIENTIFIC POLICY ANALYSIS FOR AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Burrell, Alison M.
name: Gay, Stephan Hubertus
name: M'Barek, Robert
name: Burrell, Alison M.
name: Gay, Stephan Hubertus
name: M'Barek, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper examines the opportunities for and constraints imposed on the conduct of scientific agri-economic policy research from various viewpoints. We conclude that, regardless of the viewpoint taken, the activity is characterised by both opportunities and constraints, and confers both opportunities and constraints on the researchers concerned. The nature of the opportunities and constraints, however, varies with the stance of the beholder.
description: B2_3
Environment as a Witness: Selective Proliferation of Information and Emergence of Objectivity in a Quantum Universe
Creators: name: Ollivier, Harold
name: Poulin, David
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of the information deposited in the environment of an open quantum system in course of the decoherence process. Redundant spreading of information -- the fact that some observables of the system can be independently ``read-off'' from many distinct fragments of the environment -- is investigated as the key to effective objectivity, the essential ingredient of ``classical reality''. This focus on the environment as a communication channel through which observers learn about physical systems underscores importance of quantum Darwinism -- selective proliferation of information about ``the fittest states'' chosen by the dynamics of decoherence at the expense of their superpositions -- as redundancy imposes the existence of preferred observables. We demonstrate that the only observables that can leave multiple imprints in the environment are the familiar pointer observables singled out by environment-induced superselection (einselection) for their predictability. Many independent observers monitoring the environment will therefore agree on properties of the system as they can only learn about preferred observables. In this operational sense, the selective spreading of information leads to appearance of an objective ``classical reality'' from within quantum substrate.
description: New figures, to appear in PRA
CAP REFORM AND THE EFFECTS OF DIRECT PAYMENTS ON HETEROGENEOUS FARM STRUCTURES IN EAST GERMANY
Creators: name: Zier, Patrick
name: Petrick, Martin
name: Zier, Patrick
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Structural change
subject: Dynamic panel data models
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: East Germany

description: In this article we explore the hypothesis that recent reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy’s (CAP) direct payment regime affect farms of different size differently. Contrary to the view of a structure conserving effect of direct payments, these will have a distinct impact on structural change in agriculture if farms are heterogeneous. In the context of East Germany, we postulate that large farms benefit more from increases in direct payments than small farms if they are more tightly liquidity constrained. Their competitiveness on the land market hence relatively improved during recent reforms. Furthermore, the recently introduced degressive modulation for bigger farms provides incentives for strategic farm creation. Econometric evidence in favor of these propositions is presented. We estimate a dynamic model of structural adjustment in agriculture, based on a unique regional panel dataset of three East German Bundesländer for the period 1995 to 2007. We give results for the impact of direct payments on the total number of farms for two groups of different size classes. Our results suggest that large farms benefit most from CAP first pillar payments at the cost of smaller farms. Furthermore, we find evidence for strategic farm creation in connection with the 2003 reform of the CAP.
description: B3_1
ASSESSING ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF POLICY SCENARIOS ON FARM LEVEL
Creators: name: Ehrmann, Markus
name: Ehrmann, Markus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Indicators
subject: policy assessment

description: The paper deals with policy assessments on economic and ecological impacts of different policy scenarios. The existing farm group model FARMIS currently being used for the analysis of Common Agricultural Policy reforms (LEDEBUR et al., 2008; GÖMANN et al., 2009), has been extended to include policy analysis in the area of integrated assessment. This paper is based on modelling work realised within the EU research project “Sustainable Value Analysis of Policy and Performance in the Agricultural Sector” (SVAPPAS1). FARMIS is a comparative static model which uses Farm Accountancy Data (FADN) as the main data source (BERTELSMEIER, 2004; OFFERMANN et al., 2005). Further adaptation possibilities for farmers with regard to intensity classes of crop production and indicators were implemented. The economic and environmental indicators which can be derived from underlying farm accounting data considered here will be briefly described. The policy analysis based on FARMIS includes the following policy areas: a) environmental policy measures (fertilizer taxes and restrictions); b) direct payments (reduction of their level) and variation of input and output prices. Results are briefly summarized: A fertilizer tax mainly affects arable crop production, it influences which oilseeds and cereals will be reduced in favour of fodder crops and set-aside. A high reduction of income can be observed in this scenario. Restrictions on nitrogen surpluses mainly affect livestock production due to higher surplus figures. In terms of crop production, oilseeds will be reduced in favour of cereals and set-aside. Low intensity variants of crops increase whereas high intensity crop variants are reduced. The reduction of direct payments by 50 % induces negative income effects. Farm Net Value Added decreases, especially in crop farms by 23 %, in other cattle farms by 25 % and in mixed farms by 26 %. Crop production is reduced in favour of set aside. Positive income effects are induced by higher product price levels; however the environmental performance will become lower. Effects are the reverse for low product prices.
description: B3_2
Searching for a Solution to the Age Problem of the Universe
Creators: name: Ray, Saibal
name: Mukhopadhyay, Utpal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a phenomenological cosmological model under perfect fluid distribution with a stiff equation of state $p=ρ$. The erstwhile cosmological constant is assumed to be a time dependent variable, i.e., $Λ= Λ(t)$ in our study. It has been shown that the estimates of different cosmological parameters from this model are in good agreement with the experimental results, especially 13.79 Gyr as the age of the universe is quite satisfactory. The behavior and relation of $Λ$-stiff fluid model with dust, viscous fluid and variable $G$ have also been investigated in detail.
description: 5 LaTex pages, considerable changes in the text and also addition of new references. Accepted for publication in Gravitation and Cosmology