cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Driven particles at fluid interfaces acting as capillary dipoles
Creators: name: Dörr, Aaron
name: Hardt, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of spherical particles driven along an interface between two immiscible fluids is investigated asymptotically. Under the assumptions of a pinned three-phase contact line and very different viscosities of the two fluids, a particle assumes a tilted orientation. As it moves, it causes a deformation of the fluid interface which is also computed. The case of two interacting driven particles is studied via the Linear Superposition Approximation. It is shown that the capillary interaction force resulting from the particle motion is dipolar in terms of the azimuthal angle and decays with the fifth power of the inter-particle separation, similar to a capillary quadrupole originating from undulations of the three-phase contact line. The dipolar interaction is demonstrated to exceed the quadrupolar interaction at moderate particle velocities.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL BURN INJURIES OF THE SECOND AND THIRD DEGREES IN DOGS
Creators: name: T.N. Shnyakina, N.M. Bezina
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Dermis
Thermal burns
Inflammation reaction
Necrosis
Pharmacological mixture
Morphological studies
Regeneration
Granulation tissue.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 14, 11A14H: 1-11
Erfahrungsbericht eines Ministerialbeauftragten über den Religionsunterricht an Gymnasien heute
Creators: name: Duschl, Josef
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 5 Nr. 4 (1976): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 5, Heft 4
Linking Cost Decline and Demand Surge in the Hydrogen Market: A Case Study in China
Creators: name: Shan, Rui
name: Zhu, Jiahui
name: Xu, Danlu
name: Fang, Qin
name: Liu, Zhoubin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Hydrogen is crucial in achieving global energy transition and carbon neutrality goals. Existing market estimates typically presume linear or exponential growth but fail to consider how market demand responds to the declining cost of underlying technologies. To address this, this study utilizes a learning curve model to project the cost of electrolyzers and its subsequent impact on hydrogen market, aligning with a premise that the market demand is proportional to the cost of hydrogen. In a case study of China’s hydrogen market, projecting from 2020 to 2060, we observed substantial differences in market evolution compared to exponential growth scenarios. Contrary to exponential growth scenarios, China’s hydrogen market experiences faster growth during the 2020–2040 period rather than later. Such differences underscore the necessity for proactive strategic planning in emerging technology markets, particularly for those experiencing rapid cost decline, such as hydrogen. The framework can also be extended to other markets by using local data, providing valuable insights to investors, policymakers, and developers engaged in the hydrogen market.
Additional file 7: of Leptin produced by obesity-altered adipose stem cells promotes metastasis but not tumorigenesis of triple-negative breast cancer in orthotopic xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models
Creators: name: Sabol, Rachel
name: Bowles, Annie
name: CĂ´TĂŠ, Alex
name: Wise, Rachel
name: Benjamen OâDonnell
name: Matossian, Margarite
name: Fokhrul Hossain
name: Burks, Hope
name: Valle, Luis
name: Miele, Lucio
name: Collins-Burow, Bridgette
name: Burow, Matthew
name: Bunnell, Bruce
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S7. Flow cytometry gating strategy. Representative dot plots and histograms generated from Beckman Coulter Galios Flow Cytometer are shown here to represent the gating strategies for flow cytometry analysis included in this manuscript. (PDF 361 kb)
The Impact of Blended Learning on Student Performance in a Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy Course
Creators: name: Khanova, Julia
name: Rodgers, Jo E.
name: Gharkholonarehe, Nastaran
name: McLaughlin, Jacqueline E.
name: Deyo, Zach M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Objective. To examine student engagement with, perception of, and performance resulting from blended learning for venous thromboembolism in a required cardiovascular pharmacotherapy course for second-year students.
Probing topological transitions in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells by magneto-optical measurements
Creators: name: Scharf, Benedikt
name: Matos-Abiague, Alex
name: Žutić, Igor
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two-dimensional topological insulators, such as inverted HgTe/CdTe quantum wells, helical quantum spin Hall (QSH) states persist even at finite magnetic fields below a critical magnetic field $B_\mathrm{c}$, above which only quantum Hall (QH) states can be found. Using linear-response theory, we theoretically investigate the magneto-optical properties of inverted HgTe/CdTe quantum wells, both for infinite two-dimensional and finite-strip geometries, and possible signatures of the transition between the QSH and QH regimes. In the absorption spectrum, several peaks arise due to non-equidistant Landau levels in both regimes. However, in the QSH regime, we find an additional absorption peak at low energies in the finite-strip geometry. This peak arises due to the presence of edge states in this geometry and persists for any Fermi level in the QSH regime, while in the QH regime the peak vanishes if the Fermi level is situated in the bulk gap. Thus, by sweeping the gate voltage, it is possible to experimentally distinguish between the QSH and QH regimes due to this signature. Moreover, we investigate the effect of spin-orbit coupling and finite temperature on this measurement scheme.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Erfahrungsbericht über den Religionsunterricht an Grund- und Hauptschulen heute
Creators: name: Marxer, Otmar
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 5 Nr. 4 (1976): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 5, Heft 4
Characterization of Leakage Errors via Randomized Benchmarking
Creators: name: Wallman, Joel J.
name: Barnhill, Marie
name: Emerson, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leakage errors arise when the quantum state leaks out of some subspace of interest, for example, the two-level subspace of a multi-level system defining a computational `qubit' or the logical code space defined by some quantum error-correcting code or decoherence-free subspace. Leakage errors pose a distinct challenge to quantum control relative to the more well-studied decoherence errors and can be a limiting factor to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we present scalable and robust randomized benchmarking protocols for quickly estimating the rates of both coherent and incoherent leakage, allowing for practical minimization of the leakage rate by varying over control methods. We illustrate the reliability of the protocol through numerical simulations with physically-relevant error models.
description: 4 pages + references and an appendix, comments welcome!
Mass spectrometry imaging of hair identifies daily maraviroc adherence in HPTN 069/ACTG A5305
Creators: name: Gulick, Roy M.
name: Gandhi, Monica
name: Gerona, Roy R.
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Amico, K. Rivet
name: Gilliland Jr, William M.
name: Rosen, Elias P.
name: White, Nicole
name: Mayer, Kenneth H.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Objective measures of adherence for antiretrovirals used as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are critical for improving preventative efficacy in both clinical trials and real-world application. Current objective adherence measures either reflect only recent behavior (eg days for plasma or urine) or cumulative behavior (eg months for dried blood spots). Here, we measured the accumulation of the antiretroviral drug maraviroc (MVC) in hair strands by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to evaluate adherence behavior longitudinally at high temporal resolution. An MSI threshold for classifying daily adherence was established using clinical samples from healthy volunteers following directly observed dosing of 1 to 7 doses MVC/week. We then used the benchmarked MSI assay to classify adherence to MVC-based PrEP regimens in hair samples collected throughout the 48-week HPTN069/ACTGA5305 study. We found that only ~32% of investigated hair samples collected during the study’s active dosing period showed consistent daily PrEP adherence throughout a retrospective period of 30 days, and also found that profiles of daily individual adherence from MSI hair analysis could identify when patients were and were not taking study drug. The assessment of adherence from MSI hair strand analysis was 62% lower than adherence classified using paired plasma samples, the latter of which may be influenced by white-coat adherence. These findings demonstrate the ability of MSI hair analysis to examine daily variability of adherence behavior over a longer-term measurement and offer the potential for longitudinal comparison with risk behavior to target patient-specific adherence interventions and improve outcomes.
Comparative insights into the regulation of inflammation: Levels and predictors of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in young adults in the Philippines
Creators: name: Adair, Linda S.
name: Borja, Judith
name: Kuzawa, Christopher W.
name: Tallman, Paula S.
name: McDade, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Inflammation is a central part of innate immunity, but its role in anti-pathogen defenses has been overshadowed by recent interest in the contribution of inflammation to a wide range of chronic degenerative diseases. Current research on chronic inflammation is conducted primarily in affluent populations with low levels of infectious disease; comparative research in different ecological settings is needed to advance understandings of the causes and consequences of variation in the regulation of inflammation. This paper investigates the levels and predictors of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10)–two cytokines important to the regulation of inflammation—in a large, population-based study in the Philippines. Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were determined in N=1569 healthy young adults (20-22 yrs) in Metro Cebu, Philippines. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were positively correlated, and body mass index and symptoms of infectious disease were both associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10. Median concentrations of IL-6 (1.0 pg/mL) and IL-10 (7.56 pg/mL) were substantially lower and higher, respectively, than levels reported for other populations based on a systematic review of prior research. This study contributes to a growing body of research in human ecological immunology, and suggests that there may be substantial population differences in the regulation of inflammation that has implications for the association between inflammation and disease.
Missing data approaches in longitudinal studies of aging: A case example using the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Creators: name: Faurot K.R.
name: Kinlaw A.C.
name: Lund J.L.
name: Park J.
name: Duchesneau E.D.
name: Shmuel S.
name: Yang Y.C.
name: Musty A.
name: Stürmer T.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Purpose Missing data is a key methodological consideration in longitudinal studies of aging. We described missing data challenges and potential methodological solutions using a case example describing five-year frailty state transitions in a cohort of older adults. Methods We used longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally-representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries. We assessed the five components of the Fried frailty phenotype and classified frailty based on their number of components (robust: 0, prefrail: 1–2, frail: 3–5). One-, two-, and five-year frailty state transitions were defined as movements between frailty states or death. Missing frailty components were imputed using hot deck imputation. Inverse probability weights were used to account for potentially informative loss-to-follow-up. We conducted scenario analyses to test a range of assumptions related to missing data. Results Missing data were common for frailty components measured using physical assessments (walking speed, grip strength). At five years, 36% of individuals were lost-to-follow-up, differentially with respect to baseline frailty status. Assumptions for missing data mechanisms impacted inference regarding individuals improving or worsening in frailty. Conclusions Missing data and loss-to-follow-up are common in longitudinal studies of aging. Robust epidemiologic methods can improve the rigor and interpretability of aging-related research.
Geometric Bell-like inequalities for steering
Creators: name: Żukowski, Marek
name: Dutta, Arijit
name: Yin, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many of the standard Bell inequalities (e.g., CHSH) are not effective for detection of quantum correlations which allow for steering, because for a wide range of such correlations they are not violated. We present Bell-like inequalities which have lower bounds for non-steering correlations than for local causal models. The inequalities involve all possible measurement settings at each side. We arrive at interesting and elegant conditions for steerability of arbitrary two-qubit states.
description: 6 pages, revised version, a typo is removed
A global view of the aspiring physician-scientist.
Creators: name: Williams, Christopher S
name: Rathmell, W Kimryn
name: Carethers, John M
name: Harper, Diane M
name: Lo, YM Dennis
name: Ratcliffe, Peter J
name: Zaidi, Mone
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry & Proteomics
Metabolism
Cell Biology
Signalling & Oncogenes

description: Physician-scientists have epitomized the blending of deep, rigorous impactful curiosity with broad attention to human health for centuries. While we aspire to prepare all physicians with an appreciation for these skills, those who apply them to push the understanding of the boundaries of human physiology and disease, to advance treatments, and to increase our knowledge base in the arena of human health can fulfill an essential space for our society, economies, and overall well-being. Working arm in arm with basic and translational scientists as well as expert clinicians, as peers in both groups, this career additionally serves as a bridge to facilitate the pace and direction of research that ultimately impacts health. Globally, there are remarkable similarities in challenges in this career path, and in the approaches employed to overcome them. Herein, we review how different countries train physician-scientists and suggest strategies to further bolster this career path.
Systematic Literature Review of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Clinical Trials for Adult Upper Limb Spasticity
Creators: name: Chen, Jack J.
name: Dashtipour, Khashayar
name: Walker, Heather W.
name: Lee, Michael Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to elucidate clinical trial efficacy, safety, and dosing practices of abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) treatment in adult patients with upper limb spasticity (ULS).MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials and other comparative clinical studies of ABO in the treatment of adult ULS published in English between January 1991 and January 2013. Medical literature databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) were searched, and a total of 295 records were identified. Of these, 12 primary publications that evaluated ABO for the management of ULS were included in the final data report.SynthesisTotal ABO doses ranged between 500 and 1500 U for ULS. Most of the studies in ULS showed statistically significant benefits (reduction in muscle tone based on Ashworth score) of ABO vs. placebo. Statistical significance was reached for most evaluations of spasticity using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Statistically significant effects on active movement and pain were demonstrated, albeit less consistently. ABO was generally well tolerated across the individual studies; most adverse events reported were considered unrelated to treatment. Adverse events considered associated with ABO treatment included fatigue, tiredness, arm pain, skin rashes, flu-like symptoms, worsening of spasm, and weakness.ConclusionsOn the basis of data extracted from 12 randomized clinical studies, a strong evidence base (9/12 studies) exists for the use of ABO to reduce ULS caused by stroke.
Der Religionsunterricht aus der Sicht des bischöflichen Amtes
Creators: name: Müller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 5 Nr. 4 (1976): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 5, Heft 4
A Hidden Symmetry of AdS Resonances
Creators: name: Evnin, Oleg
name: Krishnan, Chethan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent investigations have revealed powerful selection rules for resonant energy transfer between modes of non-linear perturbations in global anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time. It is likely that these selection rules are due to the highly symmetric nature of the underlying AdS background, though the precise relation has remained unclear. In this article, we demonstrate that the equation satisfied by the scalar field mode functions in AdS(d+1) has a hidden SU(d) symmetry, and explicitly specify the multiplets of this SU(d) symmetry furnished by the mode functions. We also comment on the role this structure might play in explaining the selection rules.
description: 12 pages; v2: minor improvements, published version
Varieties of unionism? Trade union strategies and the challenges of establishing industrial relations at Chinese MNCs in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Vivian, John
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023

description: China’s rapid economic development is perhaps the most significant shift in the global political economy in recent times. One of the regions of the world in which China has been particularly active is sub-Saharan Africa, with Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) investing heavily in the region since the late 1990s. A growing body of academic scholarship has been concerned with labour relations at Chinese MNCs that are operating in sub-Saharan Africa, (Akorsu & Cooke, 2011; Baah & Jauch, 2011; F. L. Cooke, Wang, & Wang, 2018; T. Jackson, 2014; K. Kamoche, Siebers, Mamman, & Newenham-Kahindi, 2015) though few studies have provided cross-national comparisons of trade union strategies and outcomes. This thesis seeks to fill this gap, asking the following three research questions which frame the empirical findings chapters. Firstly, what are the challenges that Chinese MNCs present to trade unions in sub-Saharan Africa? Secondly, what strategies do unions adopt in sub-Saharan Africa in order to establish industrial relations with Chinese MNCs? And finally, what were the outcomes of attempts to establish industrial relations at Chinese MNCs? In answering these questions, a novel theoretical framework is established, which synthesises theoretical approaches including varieties of unionism (Frege & Kelly, 2004, 2013) and neo-colonialism (Nkrumah, 1965). The thesis makes the contribution of providing a cross-national comparison of employer strategies, union strategies and union outcomes in this under-researched region of the global political economy, extending the varieties of unionism approach in the process. Empirical data are sourced from five distinct host countries, namely Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The thesis finds relative convergence of employer strategies, characterised by violations of domestic labour laws and trade union avoidance tactics in each of these five countries. Despite these shared challenges, unions are found to adopt divergent strategies in seeking to establish industrial relations with Chinese MNCs. This thesis identifies the novel strategy of education and training initiatives, and the novel tactic of media exposure, which are both found to be of particular relevance in the sub-Saharan African context. Union outcomes are again found to be divergent in the five host country settings, a phenomenon best explained by the combination of varied strategies unions adopt, varied host country labour institutions and the role of host country governments.
MLL3 regulates the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus in liver cancer
Creators: name: Tschaharganeh, Darjus F
name: Chen, Chi-Chao
name: Chen, Chun-Wei
name: Zhu, Changyu
name: Ho, Yu-jui
name: Allis, C David
name: Livshits, Geulah
name: Lowe, Scott W
name: Koche, Richard P
name: Shroff, Aditya
name: Soto-Feliciano, Yadira M
name: Fennell, Myles
name: Banito, Ana
name: Tian, Sha
name: Morris, John P
name: Huang, Chun-Hao
name: Armstrong, Scott A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Mutations in genes encoding components of chromatin modifying and remodeling complexes are among the most frequently observed somatic events in human cancers. For example, missense and nonsense mutations targeting the mixed lineage leukemia family member 3 (MLL3, encoded by KMT2C) histone methyltransferase occur in a range of solid tumors, and heterozygous deletions encompassing KMT2C occur in a subset of aggressive leukemias. Although MLL3 loss can promote tumorigenesis in mice, the molecular targets and biological processes by which MLL3 suppresses tumorigenesis remain poorly characterized. Here, we combined genetic, epigenomic, and animal modeling approaches to demonstrate that one of the mechanisms by which MLL3 links chromatin remodeling to tumor suppression is by co-activating the Cdkn2a tumor suppressor locus. Disruption of Kmt2c cooperates with Myc overexpression in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which MLL3 binding to the Cdkn2a locus is blunted, resulting in reduced H3K4 methylation and low expression levels of the locus-encoded tumor suppressors p16/Ink4a and p19/Arf. Conversely, elevated KMT2C expression increases its binding to the CDKN2A locus and co-activates gene transcription. Endogenous Kmt2c restoration reverses these chromatin and transcriptional effects and triggers Ink4a/Arf-dependent apoptosis. Underscoring the human relevance of this epistasis, we found that genomic alterations in KMT2C and CDKN2A were associated with similar transcriptional profiles in human HCC samples. These results collectively point to a new mechanism for disrupting CDKN2A activity during cancer development and, in doing so, link MLL3 to an established tumor suppressor network.
Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Materials
Creators: name: Ilatikhameneh, Hesameddin
name: Tan, Yaohua
name: Novakovic, Bozidar
name: Klimeck, Gerhard
name: Rahman, Rajib
name: Appenzeller, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the performance of Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) based on two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) materials is investigated by atomistic quantum transport simulations. One of the major challenges of TFETs is their low ON-currents. 2D material based TFETs can have tight gate control and high electric fields at the tunnel junction, and can in principle generate high ON-currents along with a sub-threshold swing smaller than 60 mV/dec. Our simulations reveal that high performance TMD TFETs, not only require good gate control, but also rely on the choice of the right channel material with optimum band gap, effective mass and source/drain doping level. Unlike previous works, a full band atomistic tight binding method is used self-consistently with 3D Poisson equation to simulate ballistic quantum transport in these devices. The effect of the choice of TMD material on the performance of the device and its transfer characteristics are discussed. Moreover, the criteria for high ON-currents are explained with a simple analytic model, showing the related fundamental factors. Finally, the subthreshold swing and energy-delay of these TFETs are compared with conventional CMOS devices.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures. The revised version is uploaded
MOESM1 of Role of malaria partners in malaria elimination in Armenia
Creators: name: Davidyants, Vladimir
name: Kondrashin, Anatoly
name: Vanyan, Artavazd
name: Morozova, Lola
name: Turbabina, Natalia
name: Stepanova, Ekaterina
name: Maksimova, Maria
name: Morozov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Milestones of National Malaria Programme of the Republic of Armenia.
PG-mediated closure of paracellular pathway and not restitution is the primary determinant of barrier recovery in acutely injured porcine ileum
Creators: name: Argenzio, Robert A.
name: Blikslager, Anthony T.
name: Gookin, Jody L.
name: Galanko, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Small bowel epithelium is at the frontline of intestinal barrier function. Restitution is considered to be the major determinant of epithelial repair as function recovers in parallel with restitution after acute injury. As such, studies of intact mucosa have largely been replaced by migration assays of cultured epithelia. These latter studies fail to account for the simultaneous roles played by villous contraction and paracellular permeability in recovery of barrier function. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) result in increased intestinal permeability and disease exacerbation in patients with IBD. Thus, we examined the reparative attributes of endogenous prostaglandins (PG) after injury of ileal mucosa by deoxycholate (6 mM) in Ussing chambers. Recovery of transepithelial resistance (TER) from 20–40 Ω.cm2 was abolished by indomethacin (INDO), whereas restitution of 40–100% of the villous surface was unaffected despite concurrent arrest of villous contraction. In the presence of PG, resident crypt and migrating epithelial cells were tightly apposed. In tissues treated with INDO, crypt epithelial cells had dilated intercellular spaces that were accentuated in the migrating epithelium. TER was fully rescued from the effects of INDO by osmotic-driven collapse of the paracellular space and PG-mediated recovery was significantly impaired by blockade of Cl− secretion. These studies are the first to clearly distinguish the relative contribution of paracellular resistance versus restitution to acute recovery of epithelial barrier function. Restitution was ineffective in the absence of PG-mediated paracellular space closure. Failure of PG-mediated repair mechanisms may underlie barrier failure resulting from NSAID use in patients with underlying enteropathy.
Entanglement and squeezing of continuous-wave stationary light
Creators: name: Zippilli, Stefano
name: Di Giuseppe, Giovanni
name: Vitali, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral components of continuous squeezed fields are entangled. In this article we review and clarify this phenomenon by analyzing systematically the relations between the correlations of modes filtered from stationary continuous fields and the cross power spectrum between the operators of the corresponding spectral components. Moreover, we study the specific spectral components that are filtered in homodyne or heterodyne detections and their entanglement properties. In particular, we establish the equivalence between two-mode squeezing variance and logarithmic negativity for the spectral components of continuous stationary fields, thereby demonstrating that the measurement of the homodyne or heterodyne spectrum is, in fact, a direct measurement of the logarithmic negativity between specific spectral modes. As an illustrative example, we apply these concepts to the analysis of entanglement in ponderomotive squeezing.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Role of mTOR signaling in intestinal cell migration
Creators: name: Rhoads, J. Marc
name: Graves, Lee M.
name: Niu, Xiaomei
name: Odle, Jack
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: An early signaling event activated by amino acids and growth factors in many cell types is the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; FRAP), which is functionally linked to ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p70s6k), a kinase that plays a critical regulatory role in the translation of mRNAs and protein synthesis. We previously showed that intestinal cell migration, the initial event in epithelial restitution, is enhanced by l-arginine (ARG). In this study, we used amino acids as prototypic activators of mTOR and ARG, IGF-1, or serum as recognized stimulators of intestinal cell migration. We found that 1) protein synthesis is required for intestinal cell migration, 2) mTOR/p70s6k pathway inhibitors (rapamycin, wortmannin, and intracellular Ca2+ chelation) inhibit cell migration, 3) ARG activates migration and mTOR/p70s6k (but not ERK-2) in migrating enterocytes, and 4) immunocytochemistry reveals abundant p70s6k staining in cytoplasm, whereas phosphop70s6k is virtually all intranuclear in resting cells but redistributes to the periphery on activation by ARG. We conclude that mTOR/p70s6k signaling is essential to intestinal cell migration, is activated by ARG, involves both nuclear and cytoplasmic events, and may play a role in intestinal repair.
Plan S and funding - what is going to change?
Creators: name: Rooryck, Johan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Open Access
Plan S
cOAlition S

description: This presentation was given by Johan Rooryck during the Open Access Talk on 29 October 2020. Johan Rooryck, Professor at Leiden University and Executive Director of cOAlition S, will briefly outline the rationale for the principles of Plan S. Beyond that, he will discuss its implementation for all grants awarded by cOAlition S funders from 1 January 2021, including the Horizon Europe framework. In his talk, Johan Rooryck will cover the following questions: Which conditions do you need to fulfil to publish in a journal of your choice under Plan S? What can the newly developed Journal Checker Tool do for you? How does the recent Rights Retention Strategy help you to keep the rights to your Author Accepted Manuscript? In addition, Johan Rooryck will mention a number of other projects initiated by cOAlition S, such as the Price Transparency Framework to ensure that prices for publishing services become more transparent and fair or the commission of a study to identify concrete funding mechanisms to support and strengthen diamond journals and their platforms.
Next-Generation Sequencing Data-Based Association Testing of a Group of Genetic Markers for Complex Responses Using a Generalized Linear Model Framework
Creators: name: Li Y.
name: Xu Z.
name: Duan Q.
name: Chen S.
name: Wu C.
name: Yan S.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: To study the relationship between genetic variants and phenotypes, association testing is adopted; however, most association studies are conducted by genotype-based testing. Testing methods based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data without genotype calling demonstrate an advantage over testing methods based on genotypes in the scenarios when genotype estimation is not accurate. Our objective was to develop NGS data-based methods for association studies to fill the gap in the literature. Single-variant testing methods based on NGS data have been proposed, including our previously proposed single-variant NGS data-based testing method, i.e., UNC combo method. The NGS data-based group testing method has been proposed by us using a linear model framework which can handle continuous responses. In this paper, we extend our linear model-based framework to a generalized linear model-based framework so that the methods can handle other types of responses especially binary responses which is a common problem in association studies. To evaluate the performance of various estimators and compare them we performed simulation studies. We found that all methods have Type I errors controlled, and our NGS data-based methods have better performance than genotype-based methods for other types of responses, including binary responses (logistics regression) and count responses (Poisson regression), especially when sequencing depth is low. We have extended our previous linear model (LM) framework to a generalized linear model (GLM) framework and derived NGS data-based methods for a group of genetic variables. Compared with our previously proposed LM-based methods, the new GLM-based methods can handle more complex responses (for example, binary responses and count responses) in addition to continuous responses. Our methods have filled the literature gap and shown advantage over their corresponding genotype-based methods in the literature. © 2023 by the authors.
Cell-specific effects of insulin receptor substrate-1 deficiency on normal and IGF-I-mediated colon growth
Creators: name: Wilkins, H.
name: D'Ercole, A. J.
name: Fagin, James
name: Fuller, C. R.
name: Simmons, J. G.
name: Lund, P. K.
name: Ling, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) potently stimulates intestinal growth. Insulinreceptorsubstrate-1(IRS-1)mediates proliferative and antiapoptotic actions of IGF-I in cell lines, but its in vivo relevance in intestine is not defined. This study tested the hypothesis that there is cell type-specific dependence on IRS-1 as a mediator of IGF-I action. Length, mass, crypt cell proliferation, and apoptosis were measured in small intestine and colon of IRS-1-null mice and wild-type (WT) littermates and in colon of IRS-1-null or WT mice expressing IGF-I transgenes. Expression of IGF-I receptor and signaling intermediates was examined in intestine of WT and IRS-1-null mice, cultured intestinal epithelial cells, and myofibroblasts. Absolute IRS-1 deficiency reduced mucosal mass in jejunum and colon, but effects were more pronounced in colon. Muscularis mass was decreased in both segments. In IGF-I transgenics, IRS-1 deficiency significantly attenuated IGF-I-stimulated growth of colonic mucosa and abolished antiapoptotic but not mitogenic effects of IGF-I transgene on crypt cells. IGF-I-induced muscularis growth was unaffected by IRS-1 deficiency. In intestinal epithelial cells, IRS-1 was expressed at higher levels than IRS-2 and was preferentially activated by IGF-I. In contrast, IGF-I activated both IRS-1 and IRS-2 in intestinal myofibroblasts and IRS-2 activation was upregulated in IRS-1-null myofibroblasts. We conclude that the intestinal epithelium but not the muscularis requires IRS-1 for normal trophic actions of IGF-I and that IRS-1 is required for antiapoptotic but not mitogenic effects of IGF-I in the intestinal crypts in vivo.
Non-standard semileptonic hyperon decays
Creators: name: Chang, Hsi-Ming
name: González-Alonso, Martin
name: Camalich, Jorge Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the discovery potential of semileptonic hyperon decays in terms of searches of new physics at teraelectronvolt scales. These decays are controlled by a small $SU(3)$-flavor breaking parameter that allows for systematic expansions and accurate predictions in terms of a reduced dependence on hadronic form factors. We find that muonic modes are very sensitive to non-standard scalar and tensor contributions and demonstrate that these could provide a powerful synergy with direct searches of new physics at the LHC.
description: v2. Comparison with direct searches of new physics at the LHC presented
Opportunities for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program
Creators: name: Gern, James E.
name: Karr, Catherine J.
name: Schweitzer, Julie B.
name: Dunlop, Anne L.
name: Bastain, Theresa M.
name: Elliott, Amy J.
name: Blackwell, Courtney K.
name: Camargo, Carlos A.
name: Ganiban, Jody M.
name: Breton, Carrie V.
name: Lyall, Kristen
name: O’Shea, T. Michael
name: Bornkamp, Nicole
name: Aschner, Judy L.
name: Jacobson, Lisa P.
name: Kelly, Rachel S.
name: LeWinn, Kaja Z.
name: Karagas, Margaret R.
name: Ferrara, Assiamira
name: Bekelman, Traci A.
name: Comstock, Sarah S.
name: Law, Andrew
name: Trasande, Leonardo
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Objective Ongoing pediatric cohort studies offer opportunities to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's health. With well-characterized data from tens of thousands of US children, the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program offers such an opportunity. Methods ECHO enrolled children and their caregivers from community- and clinic-based pediatric cohort studies. Extant data from each of the cohorts were pooled and harmonized. In 2019, cohorts began collecting data under a common protocol, and data collection is ongoing with a focus on early life environmental exposures and five child health domains: birth outcomes, neurodevelopment, obesity, respiratory, and positive health. In April of 2020, ECHO began collecting a questionnaire designed to assess COVID-19 infection and the pandemic's impact on families. We describe and summarize the characteristics of children who participated in the ECHO Program during the COVID-19 pandemic and novel opportunities for scientific advancement. Results This sample (n = 13,725) was diverse by child age (31% early childhood, 41% middle childhood, and 16% adolescence up to age 21), sex (49% female), race (64% White, 15% Black, 3% Asian, 2% American Indian or Alaska Native, <1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 10% Multiple race and 2% Other race), Hispanic ethnicity (22% Hispanic), and were similarly distributed across the four United States Census regions and Puerto Rico. Conclusion ECHO data collected during the pandemic can be used to conduct solution-oriented research to inform the development of programs and policies to support child health during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era.
Enteroendocrine cells express functional Toll-like receptors
Creators: name: Xiong, Huabao
name: Mayer, Lloyd F.
name: Tilstra, Jeremy S.
name: Bogunovic, Milena
name: Plevy, Scott E.
name: Chang, Diane T. W.
name: Harpaz, Noam
name: Davé, Shaival H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide a physical and immunological barrier against enteric microbial flora. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), through interactions with conserved microbial patterns, activate inflammatory gene expression in cells of the innate immune system. Previous studies of the expression and function of TLRs in IECs have reported varying results. Therefore, TLR expression was characterized in human and murine intestinal sections, and TLR function was tested in an IEC line. TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 are coexpressed on a subpopulation of human and murine IECs that reside predominantly in the intestinal crypt and belong to the enteroendocrine lineage. An enteroendocrine cell (EEC) line demonstrated a similar expression pattern of TLRs as primary cells. The murine EEC line STC-1 was activated with specific TLR ligands: LPS or synthetic bacterial lipoprotein. In STC-1 cells stimulated with bacterial ligands, NF-κB and MAPK activation was demonstrated. Furthermore, the expression of TNF and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 were induced. Additionally, bacterial ligands induced the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene transforming growth factor-β. LPS triggered a calcium flux in STC-1 cells, resulting in a rapid increase in CCK secretion. Finally, conditioned media from STC-1 cells inhibited the production of nitric oxide and IL-12 p40 by activated macrophages. In conclusion, human and murine IECs that express TLRs belong to the enteroendocrine lineage. Using a murine EEC model, a broad range of functional effects of TLR activation was demonstrated. This study suggests a potential role for EECs in innate immune responses.
Additional file 5: of Itâ  s more than low BMI: prevalence of cachexia and associated mortality in COPD
Creators: name: Merry-Lynn McDonald
name: Wouters, Emiel
name: Rutten, Erica
name: Casaburi, Richard
name: Rennard, Stephen
name: Lomas, David
name: Bamman, Marcas
name: Bartolome Celli
name: Agusti, Alvar
name: Tal-Singer, Ruth
name: Hersh, Craig
name: Dransfield, Mark
name: Silverman, Edwin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. Relationships between risk of death from any cause with consensus and weight loss (WL) definitions of cachexia including COPD cases who regained weight in COPD cases from ECLIPSE. Significant p-values are bolded. (DOCX 16 kb)
Regulation of Triglyceride Metabolism II. Function of mitochondrial GPAT1 in the regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis and insulin action
Creators: name: Lewin, Tal M.
name: Coleman, Rosalind A.
name: Gonzalez-Baró, Maria R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: GPAT1, one of four known glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase isoforms, is located on the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing reciprocal regulation with carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. GPAT1 is upregulated transcriptionally by insulin and SREBP-1c and downregulated acutely by AMP-activated protein kinase, consistent with a role in triacylglycerol synthesis. Knockout and overexpression studies suggest that GPAT1 is critical for the development of hepatic steatosis and that steatosis initiated by overexpression of GPAT1 causes hepatic, and perhaps also peripheral, insulin resistance. Future questions include the function of GPAT1 in relation to the other GPAT isoforms and whether the lipid intermediates synthesized by GPAT and downstream enzymes in the pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis participate in intracellular signaling pathways.
Non-Trivial Excited State Coherence Due to Two Uncorrelated Partially Coherent Fields
Creators: name: Sadeq, Z. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a model where a closed $V$ system is excited by two uncorrelated partially coherent fields. We use a collisionally broadened CW laser, which is a good model for an experimentally realizable partially coherent field, and show that it is possible to generate excited state coherences even if the two fields are uncorrelated. This transient coherence can be increased if splitting between the excited states is reduced relative to the radiation coherence time, $τ_{d}$. For small excited state splitting, one can use this scheme to generate a long lived coherent response in the system.
Tinnitus and the Arts Workshop: Online Activity Sheet
Creators: name: Thompson, Marie
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other creative arts and writing not elsewhere classified

description: In 2021, Marie Thompson (The Open University), Patrick Farmer (Oxford Brookes University) and Sally Blackburn-Daniels (The Open University) ran a series of online workshops exploring how art activities might be used to share different experiences of tinnitus. The purpose of the workshops was to explore the following questions: Can art activities be used by people with tinnitus to share their experiences? Can art activities enrich understandings of tinnitus, and the diverse ways it affects listeners? How might engaging in art activities about tinnitus be beneficial to members of the tinnitus community? Participants were given instructions for six art activities and asked to complete at least two. The activities allowed participants to use a range of creative methods, including drawing, map-making, creative writing, and sound recording. No previous experience was needed to take part. Participants were asked to share their responses with the project team, as well as any thoughts they had about the activities. The six activities were: Tinnitus maps: creating a map of where tinnitus is louder or quieter, or more or less noticeable Tinnitus portraits: developing a self-portrait that includes tinnitus, showing where the sound travels from and to Tinnitus drawing: exploring how tinnitus might be depicted without words by making a series of drawings Putting tinnitus into words: a creative writing exercise, where each person chooses a word or set of words that they associate with tinnitus and provides a definition for them Keeping score: turning tinnitus into a ‘word-sound’ that is then used to create a visual score or sound recording Capturing sounds: finding, making and documenting sounds that relate to each person’s tinnitus in some way This is the online activity sheet (hosted on Qualtrics) that was used for the Tinnitus and the Arts workshop. The activity sheet provides instructions for 6 activities, allows participants to upload files and share comments and reflections.
»Erklärung zu einigen Fragen der Sexualethik«
Creators: name: Stoeckle, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 5 Nr. 3 (1976): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 5, Heft 3