cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-landing parameter rays of the multicorns
Creators: name: Inou, Hiroyuki
name: Mukherjee, Sabyasachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F45, 37F10, 37F20, 30D05

description: It is well known that every rational parameter ray of the Mandelbrot set lands at a single parameter. We study the rational parameter rays of the multicorn $\mathcal{M}_d^*$, the connectedness locus of unicritical antiholomorphic polynomials of degree $d$, and give a complete description of their accumulation properties. One of the principal results is that the parameter rays accumulating on the boundaries of odd period (except period $1$) hyperbolic components of the multicorns do not land, but accumulate on arcs of positive length consisting of parabolic parameters. We also show the existence of undecorated real-analytic arcs on the boundaries of the multicorns, which implies that the centers of hyperbolic components do not accumulate on the entire boundary of $\mathcal{M}_d^*$, and the Misiurewicz parameters are not dense on the boundary of $\mathcal{M}_d^*$.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1209.1753 by other authors
PARTHENOS D2.1 Report on User Requirements
Creators: name: Drude, Sebastian
name: Di Giorgio, Sara
name: Ronzino, Paola
name: Links, Petra
name: van Nispen, Annelies
name: Verbrugge, Karolien
name: Degl'Innocenti, Emiliano
name: Oltersdorf, Jenny
name: Stiller, Juliane
name: Spiecker, Claus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: deliverable

description: This document is the final, updated, version of deliverable D2.1 of the PARTHENOS project, which addresses user requirements and needs. It contains a comprehensive report based on a review of literature produced by previous relevant projects, supplemented with additional direct input from PARTHENOS partners.

All PARTHENOS deliverables are available at: http://www.parthenos-project.eu/resources/projects-deliverables
Oscillatory and localized perturbations of periodic structures and the bifurcation of defect modes
Creators: name: Duchêne, Vincent
name: Vukićević, Iva
name: Weinstein, Michael I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J10, 34L15, 34L40, 34E10, 34C23

description: Let $Q(x)$ denote a periodic function on the real line. The Schrödinger operator, $H_Q=-\partial_x^2+Q(x)$, has $L^2(\mathbb{R})-$ spectrum equal to the union of closed real intervals separated by open spectral gaps. In this article we study the bifurcation of discrete eigenvalues (point spectrum) into the spectral gaps for the operator $H_{Q+q_ε}$, where $q_ε$ is spatially localized and highly oscillatory in the sense that its Fourier transform, $\widehat{q}_ε$ is concentrated at high frequencies. Our assumptions imply that $q_ε$ may be pointwise large but $q_ε$ is small in an average sense. For the special case where $q_ε(x)=q(x,x/ε)$ with $q(x,y)$ smooth, real-valued, localized in $x$, and periodic or almost periodic in $y$, the bifurcating eigenvalues are at a distance of order $ε^4$ from the lower edge of the spectral gap. We obtain the leading order asymptotics of the bifurcating eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Underlying this bifurcation is an effective Hamiltonian associated with the lower edge of the $(b_*)^{\rm th}$ spectral band: $H^ε_{\rm eff}=-\partial_x A_{b_*,\rm eff}\partial_x - ε^2 B_{b_*,\rm eff} \times δ(x)$ where $δ(x)$ is the Dirac distribution, and effective-medium parameters $A_{b_*,\rm eff},B_{b_*,\rm eff}>0$ are explicit and independent of $ε$. The potentials we consider are a natural model for wave propagation in a medium with localized, high-contrast and rapid fluctuations in material parameters about a background periodic medium.
description: To appear in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis
Galactic Scaling Rules in a Modified Dynamical Model
Creators: name: Shenavar, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schulz (2017) galactic scaling rules, which include baryonic Tully-Fisher relation, have been surveyed in this work within the context of a modified dynamical model. These scaling relations are derived by employing the virial theorem and applying equilibrium and stability conditions. The scaling rules are also obtained by dimensional analysis of an integral relation between surface density and circular velocity of disk galaxies. To check the validity of the scaling relations based on observational data, we have defined, based on the properties of the model, the proper equilibrium size $R_{eq}$ and equilibrium velocity $V_{eq}$ of systems. By employing these measures of length and velocity, SPARC data ( Lelli et al. 2016a ) is used to analyze the results. The viability of the scaling relations is tested and it is shown that, compared to some other measures of length and velocity, $R_{eq}$ and $V_{eq}$ provide the closest fits to the theoretical predictions. We have compared our results with prior works and have concluded that the set of baryonic Tully-Fisher relation plus mass-size relation ( or mass-velocity ) provides an appropriate description of the general characteristics of the systems. Lastly, it is shown that these scaling relations predict a certain evolution of galactic properties with redshift. This behavior provides a chance to examine the cosmic evolution of the present modified dynamical model in future works.
description: 33 pages, 19 figures, 4 Tables, Contains supplementary figures ( Figs. 12 - 19 ), Published in New Astronomy
title: Effect of genetic print and phenotypic print of Salmonella enterica in a quantitative risk assessment for the consumption of food in the central region of Mexico
Creators: name: Godínez Oviedo, A
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2022

description: Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) is a tool used to determine the risk of a particular pathogen quantitatively. This research aimed to evaluate the genotypic print (GP) and phenotypic print (PP) intra-species variability of Salmonella food isolates (FI) and include them in a QMRA for the central region of Mexico population. Samples of chicken (354), mango (300), and tomato (272) were collected in Aguascalientes, Jalisco, and Querétaro. The prevalence and concentration of Salmonella in chicken (24.9 %, -0.61 Log MPN/g) were higher than in mango (1.3%, -1.7 Log NMP/g) and tomato (1.1%, 1.7 Log NMP/g). A total of 284 FI and 38 human isolates (HI) were characterized according to GP (virulence genes) and PP (antimicrobial resistance, behavior at acid conditions, and biofilm formation). Seven virulotypes were found; virulotype-2 was the most abundant in FI (68.7%) and HI (60.5%). Regarding PP, 54.9% and 26.3% of FI and HI were multidrug-resistant (MDR). For growth at acidic conditions, high variability in the growth rate, 0.003 to 0.038 OD600nm/h and 0.016 to 0.066 OD600nm/h, and detection time, 13.2 to 26.3 h and 6.1 to 17.3 h, for pH4 and pH5 was observed. Also, in the biofilm formation (0.109-2.08 OD595nm) through the time. Multifactorial analysis of GP and PP characteristics and hierarchical analysis was used to group the isolates into seven clusters. Amongst these clusters, 39 FI and 18 HI were selected to evaluate their survival under gastric conditions; populations were reduced from 2.7 to 4.7 LogCFU. Six FI were selected to evaluate the effect of food matrices (chicken, mango, tomato, water) on survival during gastric simulation; the isolates vehiculized in chicken showed the highest survival probability, followed by tomato, water, and mango. The probability (Pinf) and severity of the infection of the six strains also were evaluated using a gastrointestinal model. These data were linked to their whole-genome sequencing using a principal component analysis; mobile genetic elements were associated with higher Pinf and epithelial integrity damage. A baseline QMRA model for Salmonella in chicken was created, and a refinement was performed, improving the hazard characterization with the GP and PP. The refined model estimated 66064 cases, showing that high-virulent/MDR Salmonella strains were responsible for most cases (66.6%), despite their low prevalence.
The Communication Value of a Quantum Channel
Creators: name: Chitambar, Eric
name: George, Ian
name: Doolittle, Brian
name: Junge, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are various ways to quantify the communication capabilities of a quantum channel. In this work we study the communication value (cv) of channel, which describes the optimal success probability of transmitting a randomly selected classical message over the channel. The cv also offers a dual interpretation as the classical communication cost for zero-error channel simulation using non-signaling resources. We first provide an entropic characterization of the cv as a generalized conditional min-entropy over the cone of separable operators. Additionally, the logarithm of a channel's cv is shown to be equivalent to its max-Holevo information, which can further be related to channel capacity. We evaluate the cv exactly for all qubit channels and the Werner-Holevo family of channels. While all classical channels are multiplicative under tensor product, this is no longer true for quantum channels in general. We provide a family of qutrit channels for which the cv is non-multiplicative. On the other hand, we prove that any pair of qubit channels have multiplicative cv when used in parallel. Even stronger, all entanglement-breaking channels and the partially depolarizing channel are shown to have multiplicative cv when used in parallel with any channel. We then turn to the entanglement-assisted cv and prove that it is equivalent to the conditional min-entropy of the Choi matrix of the channel. A final component of this work investigates relaxations of the channel cv to other cones such as the set of operators having a positive partial transpose (PPT). The PPT cv is analytically and numerically investigated for well-known channels such as the Werner-Holevo family and the dephrasure family of channels.
MultiScale MeshGraphNets
Creators: name: Fortunato, Meire
name: Pfaff, Tobias
name: Wirnsberger, Peter
name: Pritzel, Alexander
name: Battaglia, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using machine learning to overcome the high cost of numerical simulation, with some learned models achieving impressive speed-ups over classical solvers whilst maintaining accuracy. However, these methods are usually tested at low-resolution settings, and it remains to be seen whether they can scale to the costly high-resolution simulations that we ultimately want to tackle. In this work, we propose two complementary approaches to improve the framework from MeshGraphNets, which demonstrated accurate predictions in a broad range of physical systems. MeshGraphNets relies on a message passing graph neural network to propagate information, and this structure becomes a limiting factor for high-resolution simulations, as equally distant points in space become further apart in graph space. First, we demonstrate that it is possible to learn accurate surrogate dynamics of a high-resolution system on a much coarser mesh, both removing the message passing bottleneck and improving performance; and second, we introduce a hierarchical approach (MultiScale MeshGraphNets) which passes messages on two different resolutions (fine and coarse), significantly improving the accuracy of MeshGraphNets while requiring less computational resources.
Thermodynamics of Layered Double Hydroxides for Removal of Iodine Species from Aqueous Media
Creators: name: Hawkins, Megan Rose
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024

description: Nuclear energy has the potential to provide sufficient clean energy to replace fossil fuels and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, significant health and environmental concerns surround nuclear power plants. Radioiodine is a major fission product of uranium (~3 wt%) iodine-131 (131I) has a half-life of 1.6 x 107 years and iodine-129 (129I) has a half-life of 8 days and is a high energy gamma radiator (364 KeV). Furthermore, iodine is highly environmentally mobile, specifically as the iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) anions, and therefore poses a great risk to humans. Although the iodate anion makes up the majority of iodine species (~70.6 %) at the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant in Washington, United States, the focus for iodine capture and detection studies has mainly been on elemental iodine (I2) and organoiodides. Layered materials such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have great potential to both adsorb and detect iodine from aqueous waste. The positively charged layers of LDHs require charge balancing anions in the interlayer, thus we can use the interlayer space to confine iodine anions within the LDH structure. LDHs are battery-like capacitor materials with redox by an insertion mechanism, they possess pseudocapacitive charge storage capabilities. Their electrochemical properties open the door to sensing applications that could aid in the detection of radioiodine from the environment. This work will outline the following main findings (i) structural degradation is observed upon insertion of iodine into the interlayer of NiAl-LDH structure, (ii) iodide confined in the interlayer of NiAl-LDH, causes the formation to become more energetically stable by 46.16 kJ/mol LDH, whereas the formation of iodate confined NiAl-LDH becomes less energetically stable by 121.47 kJ/mol LDH compared to the NiAl-LDH with no iodine confined, (iii) the mechanism for binding iodine within the interlayer of NiAl-LDH differs from I- to IO3- yet both interfacial bonding mechanisms present high thermal stabilities above 340℃ under oxidative gas, and (iv) the specific capacitance of NiAl-LDH is observed to decrease by 274.13 Fg-1 and 427.13 Fg-1 when I- and IO3- respectively are present in the interlayer.
Palindromic sequences generated from marked morphisms
Creators: name: Labbé, Sébastien
name: Pelantová, Edita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68R15, 37B10

description: Fixed points ${\bf u}=φ({\bf u})$ of marked and primitive morphisms $φ$ over arbitrary alphabet are considered. We show that if ${\bf u}$ is palindromic, i.e., its language contains infinitely many palindromes, then some power of $φ$ has a conjugate in class ${\mathcal P}$. This class was introduced by Hof, Knill, Simon (1995) in order to study palindromic morphic words. Our definitions of marked and well-marked morphisms are more general than the ones previously used by Frid (1999) or Tan (2007). As any morphism with aperiodic fixed point over binary alphabet is marked, our result generalizes the result of Tan. Labbé (2014) demonstrated that already on a ternary alphabet the property of morphisms to be marked is important for the validity of our theorem. The main tool used in our proof is the description of bispecial factors in fixed points of morphisms provided by Klouda (2012).
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Conflation of short identity-by-descent segments bias their inferred length distribution
Creators: name: Chiang, Charleston W. K.
name: Ralph, Peter
name: Novembre, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Identity-by-descent (IBD) is a fundamental concept in genetics with many applications. In a common definition, two haplotypes are said to contain an IBD segment if they share a segment that is inherited from a recent shared common ancestor without intervening recombination. Long IBD segments (> 1cM) can be efficiently detected by a number of algorithms using high-density SNP array data from a population sample. However, these approaches detect IBD based on contiguous segments of identity-by-state, and such segments may exist due to the conflation of smaller, nearby IBD segments. We quantified this effect using coalescent simulations, finding that nearly 40% of inferred segments 1-2cM long are results of conflations of two or more shorter segments, under demographic scenarios typical for modern humans. This biases the inferred IBD segment length distribution, and so can affect downstream inferences. We observed this conflation effect universally across different IBD detection programs and human demographic histories, and found inference of segments longer than 2cM to be much more reliable (less than 5% conflation rate). As an example of how this can negatively affect downstream analyses, we present and analyze a novel estimator of the de novo mutation rate using IBD segments, and demonstrate that the biased length distribution of the IBD segments due to conflation can lead to inflated estimates if the conflation is not modeled. Understanding the conflation effect in detail will make its correction in future methods more tractable.
Deformation and dislocation evolution in body-centered-cubic single- and polycrystal tantalum
Creators: name: Lee, Seunghyeon
name: Cho, Hansohl
name: Bronkhorst, Curt A.
name: Pokharel, Reeju
name: Brown, Donald W.
name: Clausen, Bjørn
name: Vogel, Sven C.
name: Anghel, Veronica
name: Gray, George T.
name: Mayeur, Jason R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A physically-informed continuum crystal plasticity model is presented to elucidate the deformation mechanisms and dislocation evolution in body-centered-cubic (bcc) tantalum widely used as a key structural material for mechanical and thermal extremes. We show our unified structural modeling framework informed by mesoscopic dislocation dynamics simulations is capable of capturing salient features of the large inelastic behavior of tantalum at quasi-static (10$^{-3}$ s$^{-1}$) to extreme strain rates (5000 s$^{-1}$) and at room temperature and higher (873K) at both single- and polycrystal levels. We also present predictive capabilities of our model for microstructural evolution in the material. To this end, we investigate the effects of dislocation interactions on slip activities, instability and strain-hardening behavior at the single crystal level. Furthermore, ex situ measurements on crystallographic texture evolution and dislocation density growth are carried out for the polycrystal tantalum specimens at increasing strains. Numerical simulation results also support that our modeling framework is capable of capturing the main features of the polycrystal behavior over a wide range of strains, strain rates and temperatures. The theoretical, experimental and numerical results at both single- and polycrystal levels provide critical insight into the underlying physical pictures for micro- and macroscopic responses and their relations in this important class of refractory bcc materials undergoing severe inelastic deformations.
The boundaries of meaning: a case study in neural machine translation
Creators: name: Balashov, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The success of deep learning in natural language processing raises intriguing questions about the nature of linguistic meaning and ways in which it can be processed by natural and artificial systems. One such question has to do with subword segmentation algorithms widely employed in language modeling, machine translation, and other tasks since 2016. These algorithms often cut words into semantically opaque pieces, such as 'period', 'on', 't', and 'ist' in 'period|on|t|ist'. The system then represents the resulting segments in a dense vector space, which is expected to model grammatical relations among them. This representation may in turn be used to map 'period|on|t|ist' (English) to 'par|od|ont|iste' (French). Thus, instead of being modeled at the lexical level, translation is reformulated more generally as the task of learning the best bilingual mapping between the sequences of subword segments of two languages; and sometimes even between pure character sequences: 'p|e|r|i|o|d|o|n|t|i|s|t' $\rightarrow$ 'p|a|r|o|d|o|n|t|i|s|t|e'. Such subword segmentations and alignments are at work in highly efficient end-to-end machine translation systems, despite their allegedly opaque nature. The computational value of such processes is unquestionable. But do they have any linguistic or philosophical plausibility? I attempt to cast light on this question by reviewing the relevant details of the subword segmentation algorithms and by relating them to important philosophical and linguistic debates, in the spirit of making artificial intelligence more transparent and explainable.
description: 35 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Defect formation beyond Kibble-Zurek mechanism and holography
Creators: name: Chesler, Paul M.
name: Garcia-Garcia, Antonio M.
name: Liu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamic after a smooth quench across a continuous transition from the disordered phase to the ordered phase. Based on scaling ideas, linear response and the spectrum of unstable modes, we develop a theoretical framework, valid for any second order phase transition, for the early-time evolution of the condensate in the broken phase. Our analysis unveils a novel period of non-adiabatic evolution after the system passes through the phase transition, where a parametrically large amount of coarsening occurs before a well-defined condensate forms. Our formalism predicts a rate of defect formation parametrically smaller than the Kibble-Zurek prediction and yields a criterion for the break-down of Kibble-Zurek scaling for sufficiently fast quenches. We numerically test our formalism for a thermal quench in a 2 + 1 dimensional holographic superfluid. These findings, of direct relevance in a broad range of fields including cold atom, condensed matter, statistical mechanism and cosmology, are an important step towards a more quantitative understanding of dynamical phase transitions.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Inclusive quarkonium production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reports on the inclusive production cross section of several quarkonium states, $\mathrm{J}/ψ$, $ψ{\rm (2S)}$, $Υ\rm(1S)$, $Υ\rm(2S)$, and $Υ\rm(3S)$, measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC, in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV. The analysis is performed in the dimuon decay channel at forward rapidity ($2.5 < y < 4$). The integrated cross sections and transverse-momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) and rapidity ($y$) differential cross sections for $\mathrm{J}/ψ$, $ψ{\rm (2S)}$, $Υ\rm(1S)$, and the $ψ{\rm (2S)}$-to-$\mathrm{J}/ψ$ cross section ratios are presented. The integrated cross sections, assuming unpolarized quarkonia, are: $σ_{\mathrm{J}/ψ}$($p_{\rm T}<20$ GeV/c) = 5.88 $\pm$ 0.03 $\pm$ 0.34 $μ$b, $σ_{ψ{\rm (2S)}}$($p_{\rm T}<12$ GeV/c) = 0.87 $\pm$ 0.06 $\pm$ 0.10 $μ$b, $σ_{Υ\rm(1S)}$($p_{\rm T}<15$ GeV/c) = 45.5 $\pm$ 3.9 $\pm$ 3.5 nb, $σ_{Υ\rm(2S)}$($p_{\rm T}<15$ GeV/c) = 22.4 $\pm$ 3.2 $\pm$ 2.7 nb, and $σ_{Υ\rm(3S)}$($p_{\rm T}<15$ GeV/c) = 4.9 $\pm$ 2.2 $\pm$ 1.0 nb, where the first (second) uncertainty is the statistical (systematic) one. For the first time, the cross sections of the three $Υ$ states, as well as the $ψ{\rm (2S)}$ one as a function of $p_{\rm T}$ and $y$, are measured at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV at forward rapidity. These measurements also significantly extend the $\mathrm{J}/ψ$ $p_{\rm T}$ reach and supersede previously published results. A comparison with ALICE measurements in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$, 7, 8, and 13 TeV is presented and the energy dependence of quarkonium production cross sections is discussed. Finally, the results are compared with the predictions from several production models.
description: 33 pages, 14 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 29, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/7394
Atari Go
Creators: name: Peroni, Silvio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Atari Go
Go
Computational Thinking and Programming
Digital Humanities and Digital Knowledge
University of Bologna

description: A sheet prepared for the Computational Thinking and Programming course at the Digital Humanities and Digital Knowledge programme (University of Bologna) to teach students how to play to Atari Go. It includes the black and white stones to play included and a Python exercise on the topic.
Tighter quantum uncertainty relations follow from a general probabilistic bound
Creators: name: Fröwis, Florian
name: Schmied, Roman
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uncertainty relations (URs) like the Heisenberg-Robertson or the time-energy UR are often considered to be hallmarks of quantum theory. Here, a simple derivation of these URs is presented based on a single classical inequality from estimation theory, a Cramér-Rao-like bound. The Heisenberg-Robertson UR is then obtained by using the Born rule and the Schrödinger equation. This allows a clear separtion of the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics from the Hilbert space structure and the dynamical law. It also simplifies the interpretation of the bound. In addition, the Heisenberg-Robertson UR is tightened for mixed states by replacing one variance by the so-called quantum Fisher information. Thermal states of Hamiltonians with evenly-gapped energy levels are shown to saturate the tighter bound for natural choices of the operators. This example is further extended to Gaussian states of a harmonic oscillator. For many-qubit systems, we illustrate the interplay between entanglement and the structure of the operators that saturate the UR with spin-squeezed states and Dicke states.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. v2: improved presentation, references added, results on the connection between saturated inequality and entanglement structure for multi-qubit states added
Microwave probe sensing location for Venturi-based real-time multiphase flowmeter
Creators: name: Zhan, Mengke
name: Xie, Cheng-Gang
name: Shu, Jian-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real-time in-line interpretation of liquid properties is important for multiphase flow measurements. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a sensor, such as a microwave sensor, which can continuously measure the salinity of a flow. In addition to salinity measurement, the microwave sensor can also measure water fraction, which is required for a multiphase flowmeter based on single-energy gamma-ray attenuation; however, choosing a suitable probe sensing location for a microwave salinity sensor in a multiphase flowmeter can be challenging, as the sensor needs to be located at near-wall liquid-rich region to accommodate a wide range of flow conditions. Currently, a microwave sensor is installed in the lower area of a horizontal blind-tee inlet spool of a multiphase flowmeter for salinity measurement. Integrating the microwave sensor into the vertically mounted multiphase flowmeter can reduce the flowmeter (carbon) footprint and manufacturing costs and can improve water-to-liquid ratio measurement due to faster local oil-water mixing. The associated challenge is that the sensor needs to be located at near-wall liquid-rich region to accommodate a wide range of flow conditions, including high gas-volume-fraction flows, where the near-wall liquid layer present in the vertical pipe is usually very thin. In this study, computational fluid dynamics modeling is used to evaluate the suitability of four different sensing locations along the vertical cross-section of a Venturi-based multiphase flowmeter based on near-wall liquid-richness. The results show that the Venturi inlet is the most suitable location for microwave sensor measurement, compared to the mid-convergence section, the mid-divergence section, and the Venturi outlet for a range of inlet liquid-volume-fractions. The findings have been validated by experimental microwave sensor measurements in a multiphase flow loop facility.
Genetic distance from wolves affects family dogs’ reactions towards howls
Creators: name: Lehoczki, Fanni
name: Andics, Attila
name: Kershenbaum, Arik
name: Kubinyi, Enikő
name: Passilongo, Daniela
name: Root-Gutteridge, Holly
name: Range, Friederike
name: Palacios Sánchez, Vicente
name: Schmidt, Lori
name: Townsend, Simon W
name: Watson, Stuart K
name: Faragó, Tamás
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Dogs
Animals
Wolves
Vocalization, Animal
Canidae
Domestication
Species Specificity

description: Funder: MTA-ELTE 'Lendület' Neuroethology of Communication Research Group (Grant No. 95025)
description: Funder: Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P33928-B
description: Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant code: PP00P3_163850) NCCR Evolving Language, Swiss National Science Foundation Agreement #51NF40_180888
description: Funder: Hungarian Academy of Sciences via the János Bolyai Research Scholarship (BO/751/20) ÚNKP-20-5; ÚNKP-21-5 and ÚNKP-22-5 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (ÚNKP-20-5-ELTE-337; 21-5-ELTE-1061; 22-5-ELTE-475)
description: Domestication dramatically changes behaviour, including communication, as seen in the case of dogs (Canis familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus). We tested the hypothesis that domestication may affect an ancient, shared communication form of canids, the howling which seems to have higher individual variation in dogs: the perception and usage of howls may be affected by the genetic relatedness of the breeds to their last common ancestor with wolves (‘root distance’) and by other individual features like age, sex, and reproductive status. We exposed 68 purebred dogs to wolf howl playbacks and recorded their responses. We identified an interaction between root distance and age on the dogs’ vocal and behavioural responses: older dogs from more ancient breeds responded longer with howls and showed more stress behaviours. Our results suggest that domestication impacts vocal behaviour significantly: disintegrating howling, a central, species-specific communication form of canids and gradually eradicating it from dogs’ repertoire.
The Agricultural Sector of Ukraine in the Global Food Market: Pre-war State and Post-war Prospects
Creators: name: Shubravska, Olena
name: Prokopenko, Kateryna
name: Shubravska, Olena
name: Prokopenko, Kateryna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agricultural sector
subject: Agri-food export
subject: Food security
subject: Sustainable development

description: For a long time, Ukraine played an essential role as a producer of agricultural products in ensuring global and internal food security. The hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have caused significant risks to the activity of its agricultural sector and affected its current export potential. This study set out to assess the importance of Ukraine for world food security and its place in the global agricultural market, to outline current risks and to determine the prospects for the further development of agriculture in the conditions of post-war recovery. In particular, the integration of the agricultural sector into the global economic space was investigated, which showed the rapid expansion of the presence of agri-food products in certain commodity markets of some countries. An increase in the level of involvement of the agricultural sector in the global flows of goods related to food production has been established. This conclusion is based on calculations made using the data of input-output tables at basic prices. It is substantiated that the post-war recovery of Ukraine’s economy should ensure the reconstruction of the agricultural sector on the basis of sustainability. In this context, the authors presented the results of the assessment of possible changes in the production of the main types of agricultural products during the implementation of the concept of ecological resource-conserving agriculture. The impact of these changes on the country’s export potential and its food security was assessed by developing food balances for the main types of agricultural products. The conducted assessment that confirmed the necessity of such restructuring to ensure the preservation of the country’s agricultural potential in the long term.
Joint optimization of sales-mix and generation plan for a large electricity producer
Creators: name: Falbo, Paolo
name: Ruiz, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper develops a typical management problem of a large power producer (i.e., he can partly influence the market price). In particular, he routinely needs to decide how much of his generation it is preferable to commit to fixed price bilateral contracts (e.g., futures) or to the spot market. However, he also needs to plan how to distribute the production across the different plants under his control. The two decisions, namely the sales-mix and the generation plan, naturally interact, since the opportunity to influence the spot price depends, among other things, by the amount of the energy that the producer directs on the spot market. We develop a risk management problem, since we consider an optimization problem combining a trade-off between expectation and conditional value at risk of the profit function of the producer. The sources of uncertainty are relatively large and encompass demand, renewables generation and the fuel costs of conventional plants. We also model endogenously the price of futures in a way reflecting an information advantage of a large power producer. In particular, it is assumed that the market forecast the price of futures in a naive way, namely not anticipating the impact of the large producer on the spot market. The paper provides a MILP formulation of the problem, and it analyzes the solution through a simulation based on Spanish power market data.
A patient-centric modeling framework captures recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Creators: name: Ruffieux, Hélène
name: Hanson, Aimee L
name: Lodge, Samantha
name: Lawler, Nathan G
name: Whiley, Luke
name: Gray, Nicola
name: Nolan, Tui H
name: Bergamaschi, Laura
name: Mescia, Federica
name: Turner, Lorinda
name: De Sa, Aloka
name: Pelly, Victoria S
name: Cambridge Institute Of Therapeutic Immunology And Infectious Disease-National Institute Of Health Research (CITIID-NIHR) BioResource COVID-19 Collaboration
name: Kotagiri, Prasanti
name: Kingston, Nathalie
name: Bradley, John R
name: Holmes, Elaine
name: Wist, Julien
name: Nicholson, Jeremy K
name: Lyons, Paul A
name: Smith, Kenneth GC
name: Richardson, Sylvia
name: Bantug, Glenn R
name: Hess, Christoph
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Humans
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Kynurenine
Patient-Centered Care

description: Funder: Lopez-Loreta Foundation
description: Funder: Australian Federal Government’s Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF-ARAPC ARG76435); Western Australian Department of Health; Spinnaker Health Research Foundation; McCusker Charitable Foundation
description: Funder: Medical Research Council Programme Grant (MR/L019027)
description: Funder: Botnar Research Centre for Child Health (BRCCH)
description: Funder: COVID-19 Rapid Response DCF (RG93172/HESS/40558); Botnar Research Centre for Child Health (BRCCH)
description: The biology driving individual patient responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection remains ill understood. Here, we developed a patient-centric framework leveraging detailed longitudinal phenotyping data and covering a year after disease onset, from 215 infected individuals with differing disease severities. Our analyses revealed distinct 'systemic recovery' profiles, with specific progression and resolution of the inflammatory, immune cell, metabolic and clinical responses. In particular, we found a strong inter-patient and intra-patient temporal covariation of innate immune cell numbers, kynurenine metabolites and lipid metabolites, which highlighted candidate immunologic and metabolic pathways influencing the restoration of homeostasis, the risk of death and that of long COVID. Based on these data, we identified a composite signature predictive of systemic recovery, using a joint model on cellular and molecular parameters measured soon after disease onset. New predictions can be generated using the online tool http://shiny.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/apps/covid-19-systemic-recovery-prediction-app , designed to test our findings prospectively.
Time-averaged velocity and scalar fields of the flow surrounding a group of cylinders
Creators: name: Wangsawijaya, Dea Daniella
name: Nicolai, Claudia
name: Ganapathisubramani, Bharathram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the characteristics of mean flow and scalar concentration characteristics of a turbulent boundary layer flow impinging on a cluster of tall obstacles (which can also be interpreted as a porous obstruction). The cluster is created with a group of cylinders of diameter $d$ and height $h$ arranged in a circular patch of diameter $D$.The solidity of the patch/obstruction is defined by $ϕ$ (the total planar area covered by cylinders), which is systematically varied ($0.098 \leq ϕ\leq 1$) by increasing the number of cylinders in a patch ($N_c$). A point source is placed at ground level upstream of the patch and its transport around the patch is examined. Time-averaged velocity and scalar fields, obtained from simultaneous planar PIV-PLIF (particle image velocimetry-planar laser-induced fluorescence) measurements, reveal that the characteristics of wake and flow above porous patches are heavily influenced by $ϕ$. In particular, we observe that the horizontal and vertical extent of the wake and scalar concentration downstream of the patches decreases and increases with $ϕ$, respectively. Here, the recirculation bubble is shifted closer to the trailing edge of the patches as $ϕ$ increases, limiting the flow from convecting downstream, decreasing the scalar concentration and virtually `extending' the patch in streamwise direction. As the bubble forms in the trailing edge, vertical bleeding increases and hence the concentration increases above patch where the cylinders appear to be `extend' vertically towards the freestream.
description: Under review for publication in Flow
3.5 keV X-ray Line Signal from Dark Matter Decay in Local $U(1)_{B-L}$ Extension of Zee-Babu Model
Creators: name: Baek, Seungwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a local $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension of Zee-Babu model to explain the recently observed 3.5 keV X-ray line signal. The model has three Standard model (SM)-singlet Dirac fermions with different $U(1)_{B-L}$ charges. A complex scalar field charged under $U(1)_{B-L}$ is introduced to break the $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. After $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry breaking a remnant discrete symmetry stabilizes the lightest state of the Dirac fermions, which can be a stable dark matter (DM). The second lightest state, if mass splitting with the stable DM is about 3.5 keV, decays dominantly to the stable DM and 3.5 keV photon through two-loop diagrams, explaining the X-ray line signal. Two-loop suppression of the decay amplitude makes its lifetime much longer than the age of the universe and it can be a decaying DM candidate in large parameter region. We also introduce a real scalar field which is singlet under both the SM and $U(1)_{B-L}$ and can explain the current relic abundance of the Dirac fermionic DMs. If the mixing with the SM Higgs boson is small, it does not contribute to DM direct detection. The main contribution to the scattering of DM off atomic nuclei comes from the exchange of $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson, $Z'$, and is suppressed below current experimental bound when $Z'$ mass is heavy ($\gtrsim 10$ TeV). If the singlet scalar mass is about 0.1-10 MeV, the DM self-interaction can be large enough to solve small scale structure problems in simulations with the cold DM, such as, the core-vs-cusp problem and too-big-to-fail problem.
description: matches published version
CellGO data and code release v1
Creators: name: Li, Peilong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310201
subject: Bioinformatic methods development

description: CellGO: A novel deep learning-based framework and webserver for cell type-specific gene function interpretationThese files contain: 1) The source code and the tutorial of the python package cellgopy. 2) Code for generating all results of the paper. 3) All necessary files for generating all results of the paper.
Investigation of unsteady secondary flows and large-scale turbulence in heterogeneous turbulent boundary layers
Creators: name: Wangsawijaya, Dea Daniella
name: Hutchins, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the findings in \cite{wangsawijaya2020}, we re-examine the turbulent boundary layers developing over surfaces with spanwise heterogeneous roughness of various roughness wavelengths $0.32 \leq S/\overlineδ \leq 3.63$, where $S$ is the width of the roughness strips and $\overlineδ$ is the spanwise-averaged boundary-layer thickness. The heterogeneous cases induce counter-rotating secondary flows, and these are compared to the large-scale turbulent structures that occur naturally over the smooth wall. Both appear as meandering elongated high- and low-momentum streaks in the instantaneous flow field. Results suggest that the secondary flows might be spanwise-locked turbulent structures, with $S/\overlineδ$ governing the strength of the turbulent structures and possibly the efficacy of the surface in locking the structures in place (most effective when $S/\overlineδ \approx 1$). Conditional averages of the fluctuating velocity fields of both spanwise heterogeneous and smooth wall cases result in structures that are strongly reminiscent of the streak-vortex instability model. Secondary flows and large-scale structures coexist in the limits where either $S/\overlineδ \gg 1$ or $S/\overlineδ \ll 1$, where the secondary flows scale on $δ$ or $S$, respectively. When $S/\overlineδ \gg 1$, the secondary flows are locked about the roughness transition, while relatively unaltered large-scale structures occur further from the transition. In the case where $S/\overlineδ \ll 1$, $S$-scaled secondary flows are confined close to the surface, coexisting with unaltered larger scale turbulent structures that penetrate much deeper into the layer.
description: Currently under review for publication in J. Fluid Mech
Observation of a first-order pairing phase transition in atomic nuclei
Creators: name: Moretto, L. G.
name: Larsen, A. C.
name: Giacoppo, F.
name: Guttormsen, M.
name: Siem, S.
name: Voinov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental nuclear level densities at excitation energies below the neutron threshold follow closely a constant-temperature shape. This dependence is unexpected and poorly understood. In this work, a fundamental explanation of the observed constant-temperature behavior in atomic nuclei is presented for the first time. It is shown that the experimental data portray a first-order phase transition from a superfluid to an ideal gas of non-interacting quasiparticles. Even-even, odd-$A$, and odd-odd level densities show in detail the behavior of gap- and gapless superconductors also observed in solid-state physics. These results and analysis should find a direct application to mesoscopic systems such as superconducting clusters.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Reliable inference of exoplanet light curve parameters using deterministic and stochastic systematics models
Creators: name: Gibson, Neale P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-series photometry and spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets allow us to study their atmospheres. Unfortunately, the required precision to extract atmospheric information surpasses the design specifications of most general purpose instrumentation, resulting in instrumental systematics in the light curves that are typically larger than the target precision. Systematics must therefore be modelled, leaving the inference of light curve parameters conditioned on the subjective choice of models and model selection criteria. This paper aims to test the reliability of the most commonly used systematics models and model selection criteria. As we are primarily interested in recovering light curve parameters rather than the favoured systematics model, marginalisation over systematics models is introduced as a more robust alternative than simple model selection. This can incorporate uncertainties in the choice of systematics model into the error budget as well as the model parameters. Its use is demonstrated using a series of simulated transit light curves. Stochastic models, specifically Gaussian processes, are also discussed in the context of marginalisation over systematics models, and are found to reliably recover the transit parameters for a wide range of systematics functions. None of the tested model selection criteria - including the BIC - routinely recovered the correct model. This means that commonly used methods that are based on simple model selection may underestimate the uncertainties when extracting transmission and eclipse spectra from real data, and low-significance claims using such techniques should be treated with caution. In general, no systematics modelling techniques are perfect; however, marginalisation over many systematics models helps to mitigate poor model selection, and stochastic processes provide an even more flexible approach to modelling instrumental systematics.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, published in MNRAS, typo in footnote eq corrected
Hypothesis of Riemann is rejected by definition
Creators: name: Mantzakouras, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hypothesis of Riemann is rejected by definition, because ζ(s), where s zeros of ζ(s)=0, is not be equal by definition to the particular sum, which it assumes to be equal. R(s) = 1/2 holds only for the zeros of ζ(s) = 0 and for the zeros of certain related functions. However, it does not hold for certain special generalized functions of ζ(), such the Zeta Hurwitz functions and their sums.
description: figures 15 ,Tables 33 ,pages 89