cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Artificial Dynamical Effects in Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Brodsky, S. J.
name: Deur, A.
name: Roberts, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Newtonian mechanics, inertial pseudoforces - or fictitious forces - appear in systems studied in non-Galilean reference frames; e.g., a centrifugal force seems to arise if the dynamics is analyzed in a rotating reference frame. The equivalent of Galilean invariance for relativistic kinematics is Poincaré invariance; analogous artificial effects may arise in relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) if a system is studied in a framework violating Poincaré invariance. We highlight how such issues complicate the traditional canonical quantization of QFTs and can lead to a subjective description of natural phenomena. In fact, if the system involves the strong interaction, obtaining objective results can become an intractable problem using canonical quantization because the pseudoforces are essentially nonperturbative. In contrast, the treatment of the same problem using light-front (LF) quantization is free of spurious pseudoeffects because Poincaré invariance is manifest; thus the treatment of strong interaction problems becomes simpler. These statements are illustrated using several examples: the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) relation, a fundamental feature of QFT; the absence of any measurable impact of Lorentz contraction in high-energy collisions; and the fictitious character of vacuum fluctuation contributions to the cosmological constant.
description: 21 page, 4 Figure. A version of this document, amended during the peer consultation process, has been accepted for publication in Nature Reviews Physics
The Role of Masks in Mitigating Viral Spread on Networks
Creators: name: Tian, Yurun
name: Sridhar, Anirudh
name: Wu, Chai Wah
name: Levin, Simon A.
name: Carley, Kathleen M.
name: Poor, H. Vincent
name: Yagan, Osman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Masks have remained an important mitigation strategy in the fight against COVID-19 due to their ability to prevent the transmission of respiratory droplets between individuals. In this work, we provide a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the impact of mask-wearing. To this end, we propose a novel agent-based model of viral spread on networks where agents may either wear no mask or wear one of several types of masks with different properties (e.g., cloth or surgical). We derive analytical expressions for three key epidemiological quantities: the probability of emergence, the epidemic threshold, and the expected epidemic size. In particular, we show how the aforementioned quantities depend on the structure of the contact network, viral transmission dynamics, and the distribution of the different types of masks within the population. Through extensive simulations, we then investigate the impact of different allocations of masks within the population and trade-offs between the outward efficiency and inward efficiency of the masks. Interestingly, we find that masks with high outward efficiency and low inward efficiency are most useful for controlling the spread in the early stages of an epidemic, while masks with high inward efficiency but low outward efficiency are most useful in reducing the size of an already large spread. Lastly, we study whether degree-based mask allocation is more effective in reducing the probability of epidemic as well as epidemic size compared to random allocation. The result echoes the previous findings that mitigation strategies should differ based on the stage of the spreading process, focusing on source control before the epidemic emerges and on self-protection after the emergence.
description: Accepted at Physical Review E
title: L'enseignement de l'EPS en allemand
title: les stratégies de compréhension orale mobilisées par les élèves au CYP2
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Viret, Florence
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: enseignement bilingue
subject: allemand
subject: éducation physique et sportive
subject: CYP2
subject: stratégies, compréhension orale

description: Ce mémoire professionnel traite des stratégies de compréhension orale dans un modèle d’enseignement bilingue français-allemand. Le but de cette recherche qualitative est d’étudierquels types de stratégies les élèves utilisent-ils pour comprendre les consignes données en allemand. J’ai enseigné trois périodes d’éducation physique dans une classe de CYP2/2 (4ème année) alliant des moments de consignes en allemand et des moments d’échanges sur ces consignes en français. Ces trois périodes ont été filmées afin de pouvoir analyser leur contenu. J’ai ensuite mené des entretiens d’autoconfrontation avec cinq élèves. Je leur ai montré des séquences de la vidéo tout en leur posant des questions afin de savoir ce qui leur avait permis de comprendre ce qui avait été dit en allemand et de réaliser les exercices. Le but de ces entretiens a étéd’accéder à tout ce qui n’avait pas provoqué de trace (ce qu’a pensé l’élève, les dilemmes qu'ila affrontés, les décisions qu'il a prises, ...). Cette recherche a indirectement permis d’étudier les différents modèles de compréhension orale existants. Il est intéressant de relever que les élèves sont capables, avec l’aide de l’enseignant, de donner des éléments pour montrer ce qu’ils ont fait et comment ils ont fait pour comprendre. Bien que l’échantillonnage soit restreint, les résultats de cette recherche ont été mis en perspective aves les résultats de recherches existantes. Ainsi j’ai pu mettre en évidence trois catégories de stratégies différentes: - les stratégies métacognitives - les stratégies cognitives - les stratégies socio-affectives Ce travail conforte selon moi l’idée que les stratégies de compréhension orale et lesstratégies d’un point de vue général mériteraient d’être enseignées.
description: Mémoire professionnel, Bachelor of arts en enseignement pour les degrés préscolaire et primaire
Packing list-colourings
Creators: name: Cambie, Stijn
name: van Batenburg, Wouter Cames
name: Davies, Ewan
name: Kang, Ross J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C15, 05C35, 05C69, 05C70

description: List colouring is an influential and classic topic in graph theory. We initiate the study of a natural strengthening of this problem, where instead of one list-colouring, we seek many in parallel. Our explorations have uncovered a potentially rich seam of interesting problems spanning chromatic graph theory. Given a $k$-list-assignment $L$ of a graph $G$, which is the assignment of a list $L(v)$ of $k$ colours to each vertex $v\in V(G)$, we study the existence of $k$ pairwise-disjoint proper colourings of $G$ using colours from these lists. We may refer to this as a \emph{list-packing}. Using a mix of combinatorial and probabilistic methods, we set out some basic upper bounds on the smallest $k$ for which such a list-packing is always guaranteed, in terms of the number of vertices, the degeneracy, the maximum degree, or the (list) chromatic number of $G$. (The reader might already find it interesting that such a minimal $k$ is well defined.) We also pursue a more focused study of the case when $G$ is a bipartite graph. Our results do not yet rule out the tantalising prospect that the minimal $k$ above is not too much larger than the list chromatic number. Our study has taken inspiration from study of the strong chromatic number, and we also explore generalisations of the problem above in the same spirit.
description: 32 pages, 2 tables; v2 accepted to Random Structures & Algorithms
title: Les élèves sont auditifs ou visuels
title: un neuromythe chez les enseignants du secondaire II
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bernard, Émilie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: neuromythe
subject: préférence de modalité
subject: auditif
subject: visuel
subject: learning style
subject: neuroscience

description: L’idée de distinction entre les personnes visuelles et les personnes auditives a donné naissance à diverses approches en sciences de l’éducation qui permettraient d’améliorer l’apprentissage des élèves. Cependant, cette conception de dualité a été remise en question et aucune étude empirique ne semble démontrer son existence. Dans un premier temps, différentes origines de cette idée sont exposées et permettent de définir la distinction entre les personnes visuelles et auditives comme un neuromythe. Dans un deuxième temps, un questionnaire a permis de comprendre, en partie, les représentations qu’ont des enseignants du secondaire II quant à ce dernier. Il en ressort que plus de deux tiers des enseignants interrogés connaissent la distinction entre les visuels et les auditifs, pensent qu’elle est démontrée par des études sur le cerveau, l’utilisent dans leur enseignement et considèrent qu’une approche pédagogique basée sur celle-ci améliore l’apprentissage. La comparaison avec de futurs enseignants aux degrés préscolaires et primaire a montré que la formation universitaire des enseignants du secondaire II n’influence pas leurs représentations. Ce mémoire discute également de l’origine possible de l’adhérence des enseignants à ces théories, ainsi que des éventuels dangers relatifs à son utilisation. Finalement, de récentes recherches dans le domaine des modalités sensorielles, démontrant qu’une approche multisensorielle permettrait un meilleur apprentissage en comparaison d’une approche unisensorielle, sont brièvement présentées. D’autres recherches dans ce domaine devraient permettre, dans un futur proche, de passer d’une distinction des préférences de modalité visuelle/auditive à une approche visant à les combiner.
description: Mémoire professionnel, Diplôme d'enseignement pour le degré secondaire II
Pourquoi étudier le mythe en classe de philosophie ?
Creators: name: Goarzin, Maël
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: mythe
subject: philosophie
subject: grèce antique
subject: rationnel
subject: récit
subject: séquence d'enseignement

description: Ce travail a pour objectif de montrer l'intérêt d'étudier le mythe en classe de philosophie. Pour répondre à cette question, il analyse dans un premier temps l'opposition entre muthos et logos, c'est-à-dire entre le discours narratif et légendaire des mythes grecs antiques d'un côté, et le discours rationnel et argumentatif de la philosophie grecque de l'autre. Cette opposition du mythe et de la philosophie pourrait exclure théoriquement l'étude du mythe de la philosophie. Mais au-delà de l'opposition entre mythe et philosophie, le mythe a sa place chez de nombreux philosophes. L'analyse de l'usage platonicien du mythe permet ainsi de mieux comprendre l'utilité du mythe, qui, sous forme narrative et non-argumentative, vise le même but que le discours philosophique: expliquer le monde qui nous entoure et répondre à un certain nombre de problèmes philosophiques. Ainsi, étudier le mythe permet de découvrir une autre manière de voir le monde, un autre type de discours, tout en abordant un certain nombre de problèmes philosophiques. La deuxième partie de ce travail présente un certain nombre de raisons pour lesquelles l'étude du mythe en classe de philosophie est possible. Elle permet premièrement d'aborder avec les élèves la question historique de la naissance de la philosophie, qui, dans l'Antiquité grecque, remplace petit à petit le mythe. Elle permet également d'aborder avec les élèves certains problèmes philosophiques. En ce sens, l'étude du mythe s'insère parfaitement dans les objectifs du cours de philosophie. Elle permet d'aborder l'histoire de la philosophie, de connaître les mythes et donc d'étendre sa culture générale, de s'initier à la recherche philosophique à travers l'explicitation du sens caché des mythes, et de réfléchir à certains problèmes philosophiques, de manière individuelle et collective. La deuxième partie de ce travail présente également une séquence d'enseignement ayant pour objet les mythes grecs antiques, dont les objectifs sont analysés à la lumière du contexte théorique exposé auparavant.
description: Mémoire professionnel, Diplôme d'enseignement pour le degré secondaire II
Réflexions sur les obstacles liés à la transposition didactique en physique
Creators: name: Bengloan, Jean-Yves
name: Nichele, Robin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: physique
subject: didactique
subject: modèles
subject: langage
subject: mathématiques
subject: schémas

description: Notre manière d'enseigner la physique peut constituer une "barrière" aux apprentissages des élèves, par l'utilisation de vocabulaire, d'expressions, de notations, schémas inappropriés, pouvant avoir un double sens ou renforcer leurs préconceptions. Par ailleurs, la transposition didactique des concepts physiques à traiter, c'est-à-dire la transformation de l’objet de savoir en objet à enseigner, passe par une simplification des notions savantes et la modélisation de phénomènes réels qui méritent notre attention. Ce mémoire présente des éléments de réflexion sur les obstacles liés à notre transposition didactique et met en évidence les problèmes liés à notre présentation du savoir enseigné au travers de trois champs : • le langage • les notations • les représentations graphiques Les difficultés véhiculées par ces trois champs sont par exemple les problèmes de polysémie ou d'abus du langage, la complexité des notations mathématiques et de certains schémas surchargés. Tout cela induit des blocages, des représentations erronées, et renforce même certaines fausses conceptions chez les élèves. Dans ces parties, nous avons pu également pointer leurs confusions fréquentes entre réalité et modèle qui la décrit. Etre conscient de ces obstacles est primordial pour clarifier au maximum notre transmission des concepts physiques et permettre une appropriation optimale des savoirs par les élèves.
description: Mémoire professionnel, Diplôme d'enseignement pour le degré secondaire II
title: Status of the Barrier-Bucket system for the ESR
Creators: name: Frey, Michael
name: Hülsmann, Peter
name: Michler, Fabian
name: Klingbeil, Harald
name: Domont-Yankulova, Dilyana
name: Groß, Kerstin
name: Harzheim, Jens
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Year: 2023

description: In combination with beam cooling, Barrier-Bucket operation allows an intensity increase of particle beams by concentrating particles in one bucket, while creating an empty bucket for the next injection (“longitudinal stacking”). This can be achieved by generation of two RF voltage single-sine waves as barrier pulses, of which one is shifted in time to compress the beam (Fig. 1).
Stellar Models of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters. I. The Main Sequence of NGC 6752
Creators: name: Dotter, Aaron
name: Ferguson, Jason
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Milone, A. P.
name: Marino, A. F.
name: Yong, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present stellar atmosphere and evolution models of main sequence stars in two stellar populations of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6752. These populations represent the two extremes of light-element abundance variations in the cluster. NGC 6752 is a benchmark cluster in the study of multiple stellar populations because of the rich array of spectroscopic abundances and panchromatic Hubble Space Telescope photometry. The spectroscopic abundances are used to compute stellar atmosphere and evolution models. The synthetic spectra for the two populations show significant differences in the ultraviolet and, for the coolest temperatures, in the near-infrared. The stellar evolution models exhibit insignificant differences in the H-R diagram except on the lower main sequence. The appearance of multiple sequences in the colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of NGC 6752 is almost exclusively due to spectral effects caused by the abundance variations. The models reproduce the observed splitting and/or broadening of sequences in a range of CMDs. The ultraviolet CMDs are sensitive to variations in carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen but the models are not reliable enough to directly estimate abundance variations from photometry. On the other hand, the widening of the lower main sequence in the near-infrared CMD, driven by oxygen-variation via the water molecule, is well-described by the models and can be used to estimate the range of oxygen present in a cluster from photometry. We confirm that it is possible to use multiband photometry to estimate helium variations among the different populations, with the caveat that the estimated amount of helium-enhancement is model-dependent.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 19 pages, 13 figures
Terahertz nanospectroscopy of plasmon polaritons for the evaluation of doping in quantum devices
Creators: name: Guo, Xiao
name: He, Xin
name: Degnan, Zach
name: Chiu, Chun-Ching
name: Donose, Bogdan C
name: Bertling, Karl
name: Fedorov, Arkady
name: Rakic, Aleksandar D
name: Jacobson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Terahertz (THz) waves are a highly sensitive probe of free carrier concentrations in semiconducting materials. However, most experiments operate in the far-field, which precludes the observation of nanoscale features that affect the material response. Here, we demonstrate the use of nanoscale THz plasmon polaritons as an indicator of surface quality in prototypical quantum devices properties. Using THz near-field hyperspectral measurements, we observe polaritonic features in doped silicon near a metal-semiconductor interface. The presence of the THz surface plasmon polariton indicates the existence of a thin film doped layer on the device. Using a multilayer extraction procedure utilising vector calibration, we quantitatively probe the doped surface layer and determine its thickness and complex permittivity. The recovered multilayer characteristics match the dielectric conditions necessary to support the THz surface plasmon polariton. Applying these findings to superconducting resonators, we show that etching of this doped layer leads to an increase of the quality factor as determined by cryogenic measurements. This study demonstrates that THz scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is a promising diagnostic tool for characterization of surface dielectric properties of quantum devices.
description: 16 pages with 12 figures
Cryogenic integrated spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Creators: name: Lange, Nina Amelie
name: Höpker, Jan Philipp
name: Ricken, Raimund
name: Quiring, Viktor
name: Eigner, Christof
name: Silberhorn, Christine
name: Bartley, Tim J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalable quantum photonics relies on interfacing many optical components under mutually compatible operating conditions. To that end, we demonstrate that spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear waveguides, a standard technology for generating entangled photon pairs, squeezed states, and heralded single photons, is fully compatible with cryogenic operating conditions required for superconducting detectors. This is necessary for the proliferation of integrated quantum photonics in integration platforms exploiting quasi-phase-matched second-order nonlinear interactions. We investigate how cryogenic operation at 4 K affects the SPDC process by comparing the heralding efficiency, second-order correlation function and spectral properties with operation at room temperature.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Comment intégrer des notions d'histoire des sciences dans son enseignement ?
title: Les avantages, les inconvénients
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kübel, Anita
name: Fontaine, Luc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: histoire des sciences
subject: didactique des sciences
subject: physique-chimie
subject: obstacles épistémologiques
subject: outil pédagogique
subject: représentations

description: De nombreux auteurs ont relevé l’intérêt d’utiliser l’histoire des sciences comme outil pédagogique pour développer chez les élèves un esprit scientifique, critique et d’investigation. C’est pourquoi nous leur avons proposé, dans cette optique, deux tâches lors de leurs cours de sciences, une tâche en chimie et une tâche en physique. Il s’agit de mettre les élèves en situation de tâtonnement, d’interrogation et de recherche. La tâche en chimie est l’étude d’un texte de Lavoisier : " sur la destruction des diamants ". La tâche en physique est une séance de travaux pratiques portant sur la loi des gaz parfaits telle qu’elle a été formulée par Boyle, Mariotte, Avogadro, Charles et Gay-Lussac. Les élèves ont confronté leurs propres savoirs aux faits et aux observations décrits dans les textes de l’époque. L’objectif de cette démarche est de transposer un objet d’apprentissage dans un contexte différent, ce qui permet aux élèves de tester la solidité de leur compréhension des contenus enseignés ainsi que les connaissances déjà acquises. Grâce aux réponses obtenues, une réflexion a pu être menée sur les obstacles de compréhension rencontrés par les élèves ainsi que sur les moyens d’adapter et d’améliorer la tâche afin qu’elle soit utile à la construction de leur savoir scientifique. Nous avons pu établir certains parallèles entre les obstacles historiques et les obstacles épistémologiques rencontrés chez les élèves. Bien que l’utilisation de l’histoire des sciences comporte de nombreux atouts, il faut être très attentif au choix des textes ainsi qu’au langage utilisé. En adaptant le vocabulaire ancien au langage moderne, on évite que les élèves ne soient démotivés par la tâche. En outre, l'intérêt suscité auprès des élèves par ce type d'approche pourrait être amélioré par une mise en perspective historique bien documentée. Ce résultat pourrait être obtenu au travers d'un travail à caractère interdisciplinaire.
description: Mémoire professionnel, Diplôme d'enseignement pour le degré secondaire II
Insatisfaction corporelle et engagement dans la pratique sportive en EPS
Creators: name: Allain, Mélanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: adolescence
subject: EPS
subject: motivation
subject: engagement dans la pratique sportive
subject: insatisfaction corporelle

description: La motivation sportive est un thème fondamental de l’enseignement en EPS. En effet, tout bon professeur d’EPS sait qu’il devra faire face à la baisse de motivation et d’engagement de la part de ses élèves notamment lorsqu’ils sont en pleine adolescence. Ainsi, comprendre, analyser, prévenir, voire même lutter contre la démotivation devient l’objectif principal de nombreux enseignants d’EPS. Dans ce travail, j’ai choisi d’orienter ma recherche sur l’étude de l’insatisfaction corporelle chez les adolescentes et de ses conséquences sur leur engagement en cours d’EPS. En effet, certains comportements d’adolescentes durant le cours d’EPS m’ont interpellés. Très souvent, il m’a semblé que certaines filles (ou jeunes femmes) ne se sentaient pas « à l’aise » dans leur corps et c’est ce qui me donnait l’impression d’être un frein à leur engagement dans la pratique sportive au cours d’EPS. En effet, ce sont souvent des attitudes comme les mains ou les jambes croisées, un dos vouté comme pour cacher sa poitrine naissante ou une timidité exagérée qui m’ont paru chez certaines comme un obstacle à la pratique sportive. Cette recherche permettra d’identifier les orientations motivationnelles des adolescentes en mal-être physique ainsi que les activités sportives qu’elles privilégient. Ce travail qui vise à connaître les besoins d’un tel type de public permettra à l’enseignant d’avoir des pistes de réflexion pour adapter et différencier son enseignement de l’EPS avec des adolescentes.
description: Mémoire professionnel, Diplôme d'enseignement pour le degré secondaire II
Ising superconductivity induced from spin-selective valley symmetry breaking in twisted trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Gonzalez, J.
name: Stauber, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the $e$-$e$ interaction induces a strong breakdown of valley symmetry for each spin channel in twisted trilayer graphene, leading to a ground state where the two spin projections have opposite sign of the valley symmetry breaking order parameter. This leads to a spin-valley locking in which the electrons of a Cooper pair are forced to live on different Fermi lines attached to opposite valleys. Furthermore, we find an effective intrinsic spin-orbit coupling explaining the protection of the superconductivity against in-plane magnetic fields. The effect of spin-selective valley symmetry breaking is validated as it reproduces the experimental observation of the reset of the Hall density at 2-hole doping. It also implies a breakdown of the symmetry of the bands from $C_6$ to $C_3$, with an enhancement of the anisotropy of the Fermi lines which is at the origin of a Kohn-Luttinger (pairing) instability. The isotropy of the bands is gradually recovered, however, when the Fermi level approaches the bottom of the second valence band, explaining why the superconductivity fades away in the doping range beyond 3 holes per moiré unit cell in twisted trilayer graphene.
description: 26 pages, 19 figures
A data-driven approach for learning to control computers
Creators: name: Humphreys, Peter C
name: Raposo, David
name: Pohlen, Toby
name: Thornton, Gregory
name: Chhaparia, Rachita
name: Muldal, Alistair
name: Abramson, Josh
name: Georgiev, Petko
name: Goldin, Alex
name: Santoro, Adam
name: Lillicrap, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It would be useful for machines to use computers as humans do so that they can aid us in everyday tasks. This is a setting in which there is also the potential to leverage large-scale expert demonstrations and human judgements of interactive behaviour, which are two ingredients that have driven much recent success in AI. Here we investigate the setting of computer control using keyboard and mouse, with goals specified via natural language. Instead of focusing on hand-designed curricula and specialized action spaces, we focus on developing a scalable method centered on reinforcement learning combined with behavioural priors informed by actual human-computer interactions. We achieve state-of-the-art and human-level mean performance across all tasks within the MiniWob++ benchmark, a challenging suite of computer control problems, and find strong evidence of cross-task transfer. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a unified human-agent interface when training machines to use computers. Altogether our results suggest a formula for achieving competency beyond MiniWob++ and towards controlling computers, in general, as a human would.
Akad mukhabarah pada inklusi keuangan syariah: studi pustaka (library research)
Creators: name: Arrozaq, Diwika Fatah
name: Budianto, Eka Wahyu Hestya
name: Dewi, Nindi Dwi Tetria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Akad Mukhabarah
Inklusi Keuangan Syariah
Studi Pustaka
Library Research

description: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan topik penelitian seputar akad Mukhabarah pada Inklusi Keuangan Syariah dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yang bersifat studi pustaka (library research). Teknik pengumpulan data dengan: pertama, membuka sofware Perish/Harzing, lalu mencari jurnal berdasarkan kategori title words berkata kunci "Mukhabarah" dalam kurun waktu seluruh tahun. Kedua, mengumpulkan data judul jurnal dalam Microsoft Excel, dan mengidentifikasi judul jurnal yang ganda. Ketiga, mengunduh file berformat RIS (Research Information Systems) dan PDF (Portable Document Format) dari seluruh jurnal yang telah dikumpulkan datanya. Keempat, memasukkan file data RIS ke dalam software Mendeley Dekstop. Teknik analisis data dengan memetakan topik penelitian seputar akad Mukhabarah berdasarkan jurnal-jurnal yang telah dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 topik penelitian seputar akad Mukhabarah, antara lain perbedaan antara akad Mukhabarah dan Muzara'ah, penerapan akad Mukhabarah pada sektor pertanian, pada tambak garam, pada bagi hasil maro, pengaruh akad Mukhabarah terhadap pendapatan usaha, dan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat.. Implikasi dan kontribusi penelitian ini adalah pemetaan topik-topik penelitian seputar akad Mukhabarah, baik yang sering ataupun jarang diteliti oleh peneliti, sehingga peneliti lainnya dapat mengetahui kekosongan penelitian dalam topik ini.
Analysis of the robustness and dynamics of spin-locking preparations for the detection of oscillatory magnetic fields
Creators: name: Capiglioni, Milena
name: Turco, Federico
name: Wiest, Roland
name: Kiefer, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extracting quantitative information of neuronal signals by non-invasive imaging is an outstanding challenge for understanding brain function and pathology. However, state-of-the-art techniques offer low sensitivity to deep electrical sources. Stimulus induced rotary saturation (SIRS) is a recently proposed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that detects oscillatory magnetic fields using a spin-lock preparation. Phantom experiments and simulations proved its efficiency and sensitivity, but the susceptibility of the method to field inhomogeneities is still not well understood. In this study, we simulated and analyzed the dynamic of three spin-lock preparations and their response to field inhomogeneities in the presence of a resonant oscillating field. We show that the composite spin-lock preparation is more robust against field variations within the double resonance effect. In addition, we tested the capability of the chosen composite spin-lock preparation to recover information about the spectral components of a composite signal. This study sets the bases to move one step further towards the clinical application of MR-based neuronal current imaging.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Εκτίμηση Δεικτών Ξηρασίας σε συνθήκες Κλιματικής Αλλαγής: Εφαρμογή στην Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Χαλκιδικής
Creators: name: Ζαχαρούδη, Σταυρούλα Στυλιανού
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Δείκτες ξηρασίας
Κλιματικά μοντέλα
Κλιματικά σενάρια
Βροχόπτωση
Θερμοκρασία
Ξηρασία
Drought indicators
Climate models
Climate change scenarios
Rainfall
Temperature
Drought

description: Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως σκοπό τη μελέτη της κλιματικής αλλαγής με την χρήση διαφόρων κλιματικών μοντέλων και δεικτών ξηρασίας στην περιοχή της Χαλκιδικής. Συγκεκριμένα, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν μετεωρολογικά δεδομένα της χρονικής περιόδου 1976 - 2005 από τους μετεωρολογικούς σταθμούς των περιοχών του Άγιου Μάμα, του Άγιου Πρόδρομου, της Αρναίας, της Μεγάλης Παναγίας, της Ορμύλιας, των Πλανών και του Ταξιάρχη. Η ανάλυση βασίζεται στο Περιφερειακό Κλιματικό Μοντέλο RCA4, με δεδομένα εξόδου τριών διαφορετικών Παγκοσμίων Κλιματικών Μοντέλων, του ICHEC- EC-EARTH, του MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR και του HadGEM2-ES για τα δύο σενάρια κλιματικής αλλαγής RCP 2.6 και RCP 4.5. Η περίοδος αξιολόγησης της κλιματικής αλλαγής είναι τα έτη 2030 - 2050. Οι δείκτες ξηρασίας υπολογίζονται με τα αποτελέσματα των κλιματικών μοντέλων και είναι: ο Τυποποιημένος Δείκτης Κατακρήμνισης (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI), ο Δείκτης Δεκατημορίων (Deciles Index, DI), ο Δείκτης Ανωμαλίας Βροχόπτωσης (Rainfall Anomaly Index, RAI), ο Δείκτης Ποσοστού Κανονικής Βροχόπτωσης (Percent of Normal Index, PNI), ο Δείκτης China-Z (CZI), ο Τροποποιημένος Δείκτης China-Z (Modified CZI, MCZI), ο Δείκτης Z-Score (ZSI) και τέλος ο Δείκτης Αναγνώρισης Ξηρασίας (Reconnaissance Drought Index, RDI).
description: This master's thesis aims to study the climate change using climate models and drought indicators in the region of Chalkidiki. Specifically, the meteorological data used in this work correspond to the time period 1976 - 2005 and come from meteorological stations located in the areas of Agios Mamas, Agios Prodromos, Arnaia, Megali Panagia, Ormylia, Plana, and Taxiarchis. The analysis is based on the RCA4 Regional Climate Model with output data from three different Global Climate Models (GCMs), the ICHEC-EC-EARTH, the MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR and the HadGEM2-ES, and under two climate change scenarios RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5. The evaluation period of climate change is 2030 - 2050. The drought indices calculated using the outputs of the above climate models are the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Deciles Index (DI), the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). Rainfall Percent of Normal Index (PNI), China-Z Index (CZI), Modified Index (Modified CZI, MCZI), Z-Score Index (ZSI) and finally the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI).
A scale up study on chemical segregation and the effects on tensile properties in two medium Mn steel castings
Creators: name: Kwok, T. W. J.
name: Slater, C.
name: Xu, X.
name: Davis, C.
name: Dye, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two ingots weighing 400 g and 5 kg with nominal compositions of Fe-8Mn-4Al-2Si-0.5C-0.07V-0.05Sn were produced to investigate the effect of processing variables on microstructure development. The larger casting has a cooling rate more representative of commercial production and provides an understanding of the potential challenges arising from casting-related segregation during efforts to scale up medium Mn steels, whilst the smaller casting has a high cooling rate and different segregation pattern. Sections from both ingots were homogenised at 1250 \degree C for various times to study the degree of chemical homogeneity and $δ$-ferrite dissolution. Within 2 h, the Mn segregation range (max $-$ min) decreased from 8.0 to 1.7 wt\% in the 400 g ingot and from 6.2 to 1.5 wt\% in the 5 kg ingot. Some $δ$-ferrite also remained untransformed after 2 h in both ingots but with the 5 kg ingot showing nearly three times more than the 400 g ingot. Micress modelling was carried out and good agreement was seen between predicted and measured segregation levels and distribution. After thermomechanical processing, it was found that the coarse untransformed $δ$-ferrite in the 5 kg ingot turned into coarse $δ$-ferrite stringers in the finished product, resulting in a slight decrease in yield strength. Nevertheless, rolled strips from both ingots showed $>$900 MPa yield strength, $>$1100 MPa tensile strength and $>$40\% elongation with $<$10\% difference in strength and no change in ductility when compared to a fully homogenised sample.
Bag boundaries for quasispinor confinement within nanolanes on a graphene sheet
Creators: name: Koohsarian, Yusef
name: Naji, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of bag boundary conditions within a field-theoretic approach to study confinement of massless Dirac quasispinors in monolayer graphene. While no-flux bag boundaries have previously been used to model lattice termination sites in graphene nanoribbons, we consider a generalized setting in which the confining boundaries are envisaged as arbitrary straight lines drawn across a graphene sheet and the quasispinor currents are allowed to partially permeate (leak) through such boundaries. We specifically focus on rectangular nanolanes defined as areas confined between a pair of parallel lines at arbitrary separation on an unbounded lattice. We show that such nanolanes exhibit a considerable range of bandgap tunability depending on their widths and armchair, zigzag or intermediate orientation. The case of nanoribbons can be derived as a special limit from the nanolane model. In this case, we clarify certain inconsistencies in previous implementations of no-flux bag boundaries and show that the continuum approach reproduces the tight-binding bandgaps accurately (within just a few percent in relative deviation) even as the nanoribbon width is decreased to just a couple of lattice spacings. This accentuates the proper use of boundary conditions when field-theoretic approaches are applied to graphene systems.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures (accepted for publication in Annalen der Physik)
Uniqueness for Some Higher-Order Geometric Flows
Creators: name: Bahuaud, Eric
name: Helliwell, Dylan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44, 58J35, 35K25, 35K59

description: We show that solutions to certain higher-order intrinsic geometric flows on a compact manifold, including some flows generated by the ambient obstruction tensor, are unique. With the goal of providing a complete self-contained proof, details surrounding map covariant derivatives and a careful application of the DeTurck trick are provided.
description: 15 pages
A Maximum Likelihood Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Luminosity from High Latitude Field Giants using Gaia Early Data Release 3 Parallaxes
Creators: name: Li, Siyang
name: Casertano, Stefano
name: Riess, Adam G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calibration of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) in the $I$-band has a direct role in determinations of the Hubble constant, a subject of recent interest due to the discrepancy between direct and indirect estimates of its value. We present a maximum likelihood (ML) method designed to obtain an independent calibration of the brightness of TRGB using $Gaia$ parallaxes from the Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) of Milky Way field Giants at high Galactic latitude. We adopt simple parameterizations for the Milky Way stellar luminosity function and density law and and optimize the likelihood of the observed sample as a function of those parameters. Using parameters to partially constrain the luminosity function from other galaxies similar to the Milky Way for which high quality TRGB data are available, we find values of the TRGB magnitude of $ M_I^{TRGB} = -3.91 \pm 0.05 $ (stat) $ \pm 0.09 $ (sys) mag, where the systematic uncertainty covers the range of shape parameters found in our Milky Way sample and in reference galaxies. While APASS Data Release 9 all-sky photometry is insufficient to provide a reliable constraint on the shape of the Milky Way luminosity function, we estimate that the photometry from $Gaia$ Data Release 3 (mid-2022) will allow better constraints on the shape, and lower statistical uncertainties on the tip by a factor of 3. With expected releases of improved parallax measurements from $Gaia$, the method of calibrating the TRGB luminosity from field Giants is expected to reach $\sim$ 0.01 mag uncertainty, which is an important step toward a precise TRGB-based determination of the Hubble constant.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, Accepted by ApJ, This version contains changes from fixing a filter transformation
Recupero e valorizzazione del patrimonio ferroviario metropolitano della Regione Campania. Un modello tecnico-economico di governance
Creators: name: Masella, Nicola
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: ICAR/10 ARCHITETTURA TECNICA
subject: Ferrovie metropolitane
subject: Recupero

description: 2017 - 2018
description: The research was aimed at developing a technical-economic governance model for the enhancement of railway assets and in particular of unmanned or underused stations. Through the analysis of the most recent examples of sustainable urban development processes hinged on public transport, the goal set was to provide local authorities with practical and policy tools - based on an integrated approach - to manage the valorization of stations and related urban areas. The study, then, focused on the metropolitan railway network of the Campania Region, currently managed through an in-house subject - the E.A.V. srl - which has been entrusted with managerial, economic and financial coordination tasks, both for the railway transport operation and for the related investments. Therefore, the aim was to select the targets and key indicators to be used in the context of a multicriteria decision support model that, considering urban sustainability under different perspectives, was able to identify the best investment and development option within a set of alternatives. The model, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), was then tested on real cases, ie on four stations belonging to the same railway line, proving to be suitable for use also in different territorial contexts. [edited by Author]
title: Colonisation de la plaine du Rhône et gestion des risques d'inondation
title: les cartes de dangers comme outils d'analyse : l'exemple de Saillon
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Cottet, Gilles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Géographie
subject: séquence d’enseignement-apprentissage
subject: risques naturels
subject: cartes de dangers
subject: troisième correction du Rhône
subject: Saillon

description: A la une des journaux de tous pays s’invitent régulièrement des catastrophes aux bilans parfois terrifiants. Au carrefour des géographies physique et humaine, les catastrophes «naturelles» posent la question des espaces produits par l’homme et gagnés sur la Nature. La thématique des risques apparaît donc comme une problématique éminemment géographique. Présents dans de nombreux enseignements du secondaire I ou II, les risques y sont abordés de manière très variée. Si les grandes catastrophes qui marqueront à jamais les esprits tels les tsunamis de 2004 ou 2011 sont souvent traitées, les études de cas situés sur le territoire helvétique méritent également d’y consacrer du temps. De telles études de cas, proches des élèves, permettent d’ancrer cette thématique dans leur réalité et d’aborder de nombreuses problématiques connexes. Pour mettre en exergue ces relations et la dimension systémique des risques et de leur prévention, l’utilisation de cartes de dangers, incluant les raisons de leur création, les problèmes qu’elles soulèvent et les conséquences qu’elles engendrent en termes d’aménagement du territoire semble particulièrement adéquate. La vallée du Rhône, de par son important développement au cours des 150 dernières années, les inondations qui l’ont touchée et les aménagements conséquents entrepris lors des trois corrections du Rhône, apparaît comme un cas complexe et adéquat pour une étude avec des étudiants du Gymnase. Ce mémoire présente la façon dont cette étude de cas, abordée par le biais des cartes de dangers, offre aux élèves une ouverture pour une compréhension complexe de la thématique des risques.
description: Mémoire professionnel, Diplôme d'enseignement pour le degré secondaire II
Estimating Importation Risk of Covid-19 in Hurricane Evacuations: A Prediction Framework Applied to Hurricane Laura in Texas
Creators: name: Audirac, Michelle
name: Tec, Mauricio
name: Garcia-Tejeda, Enrique
name: Fox, Spencer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In August 2020, as Texas was coming down from a large summer COVID-19 surge, forecasts suggested that Hurricane Laura was tracking towards 6M residents along the East Texas coastline, threatening to spread COVID-19 across the state and cause pandemic resurgences. To assist local authorities facing the dual-threat, we integrated survey expectations of coastal residents and observed hurricane evacuation rates in a statistical framework that combined with local pandemic conditions predicts how COVID-19 would spread in response to a hurricane. For Hurricane Laura, we estimate that 499,500 [90% Credible Interval (CI): 347,500, 624,000] people evacuated the Texan counties, that no single county accumulated more than 2.5% of hurricane evacuees, and that there were 2,900 [90% CI: 1,700, 5,800] exportations of Covid-19 across the state. In general, reception estimates were concentrated in regions with higher population densities. Nonetheless, higher importation risk is expected in small Districts, with a maximum number of importations of 10 per 10,000 residents in our case study. Overall, we present a flexible and transferable framework that captures spatial heterogeneity and incorporates geographic components for predicting population movement in the wake of a natural disaster. As hurricanes continue to increase in both frequency and strength, our framework can be deployed in response to anticipated hurricane paths to guide disaster preparedness and planning.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Generalized theory of spin fluctuations in itinerant electron magnets: crucial role of spin anharmonicity
Creators: name: Solontsov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper critically overviews the recent developments of the theory of spin fluctuations (SF) in itinerant electron magnetism with particular emphasis on spin-fluctuation coupling or spin anharmonicity. It is argued that the conventional self-consistent renormalized (SCR) theory of spin fluctuations is usually used aside of the range of its applicability actually defined by the constraint of weak spin anharmonicity based on the random phase approximation (RPA) arguments. An essential step in understanding SF in itinerant magnets beyond RPA-like arguments was made recently within the soft-mode theory of SF accounting for strong spin anharmonicity caused by zero-point SF. In the present paper we generalize it to apply for a wider range of temperatures and regimes of SF and show it to lead to qualitatively new results caused by zero-point effects.
Sistema de realidad aumentada basado en visión para sistemas de seguridad activa en motocicletas
Creators: name: Garcia Rocha, Jose Isabel
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ciencia||Tesis y disertaciones académicas||lemb
subject: Q181.T4 G35 2022

description: En este trabajo se desarrolla un sistema de seguridad activa vehicular basado en la implementación de mono visión utilizando realidad aumentada el cual estará instalado en la parte trasera de una motocicleta apuntando hacia los vehículos que se acercan desde atrás a esta, sirviendo como una alternativa a los métodos que hacen uso de sensores ultrasónicos, LIDAR, Radar, óptico estéreo o sensores de proximidad que suelen tener un costo mayor y/o requieren de mayor computo. Se aprovechará de la visión por computadora para detectar los vehículos, del tracking en tiempo real para realizar un seguimiento identificando y asignando atributos únicos a cada uno de ellos, con los que se marcaran los que representen un riesgo para el motociclista.