cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The 1995 Pilot Campaign of PLANET: Searching for Microlensing Anomalies through Precise, Rapid, Round-the-Clock Monitoring
Creators: name: The PLANET Collaboration
name: Albrow, M.
name: Beaulieu, J. -P.
name: Birch, P.
name: Caldwell, J. A. R.
name: Kane, S.
name: Martin, R.
name: Menzies, J.
name: Naber, R. M.
name: Pel, J. -W.
name: Pollard, K.
name: Sackett, P. D.
name: Sahu, K. C.
name: Vreeswijk, P.
name: Williams, A.
name: Zwaan, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PLANET (the Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork) is a worldwide collaboration of astronomers whose primary goal is to monitor microlensing events densely and precisely in order to detect and study anomalies that contain information about Galactic lenses and sources that would otherwise be unobtainable. The results of PLANET's highly successful first year of operation are presented here. Details of the observational setup, observing procedures, and data reduction procedures used to track the progress in real time at the three participating observing sites in 1995 are discussed. The ability to follow several events simultaneously with a median sampling interval of 1.6 hours and a photometric precision of better than 0.10 mag even at I=19 has been clearly demonstrated. During PLANET's 1995 pilot campaign, 10 microlensing events were monitored; the binary nature of one of these, MACHO 95-BLG-12 was recognized by PLANET on the mountain. Another event, OGLE 95-BLG-04, displayed chromaticity that may betray the presence of blending with unresolved stars projected onto the same resolution element. Although lasting only about a month, the campaign may allow constraints to be placed on the number of planets with mass ratios to the parent star of 0.01 or greater.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (vol 509). 41 LaTeX pages, including 12 figures and 4 tables. Data available from http://www.astro.rug.nl/~planet
The scalar component of B0 → K+ π- μ+ μ- decays
Creators: name: Cunliffe, Samuel Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The differential branching fraction of B0 → K*(892)0 μ+ μ- decays is measured as a function of the squared invariant mass of the dimuon system. The data corresponds to 3/fb of integrated luminosity collected in 2011 and 2012 by the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Integrated across squared dimuon invariant mass, and interpolated through excluded regions, the total branching fraction is found to be B[B0 → K*(892)0 μ+ μ-] = (1.058 +0.017-0.016 ± 0.013 ± 0.070) × 10**-6 In the theoretically favoured region of squared dimuon invariant mass, (1.1 < q² < 6) GeV²/c**4 , the differential branching fraction is found to be dB[B0 → K*(892)0 μ+ μ-]/dq² = (0.402 +0.020-0.019 ± 0.008 ± 0.027) × 10**-7 In the two results above, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to the uncertainty of the branching fraction of the normalisation channel. The differential branching fraction is in agreement with, although lower than, the Standard Model prediction of (0.49 ± 0.08) × 10**-7. As with the measurement of several decay modes including a quark-level b → sl+l- transition, the Standard Model predictions are consistently higher than the measured values. In this analysis, for the first time, the fraction of S-wave in the Kπ system is measured and explicitly accounted for. Previous analyses had measured the branching fraction of both P- and S-wave components and compared to predictions for pure P-wave. In the same theoretically favoured region of (1.1 < q² < 6) GeV²/c**4 , and for the Kπ invariant mass range (796 < m[Kπ] < 996) MeV/c², the fraction of S-wave is found to be F_S = 0.097 ± 0.016 ± 0.008, where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. This value is somewhat larger than expected, although no concrete theoretical predictions exist.
Adsorption of Rhodamine B from an aqueous solution by acrylic-acid-modified walnut shells: characterization, kinetics, and thermodynamics
Creators: name: Guo, Xianzhe
name: Liu, Zhuozhuang
name: Tong, Zhiming
name: Jiang, Nan
name: Chen, Wu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A batch experiment was used in studying the effect of acrylic-acid-modified walnut shell (MWNS) as a low-cost adsorbent for removing Rhodamine B (RB) cationic dye in aqueous solutions. The adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, and supporting electrolyte concentration on the adsorption behaviour of the adsorbent were explored. The adsorbent was characterized using the point of zero charge (pHPZC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), automatic specific surface analysis (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that MWNS had abundant active groups and rough surface, which is conducive to the adsorption process. The kinetics and equilibrium data of MWNS-to-RB adsorption were in accordance pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of RB was 48.87 mg·g−1. Thermodynamic results showed spontaneously and exothermically the adsorption process. Moreover, the addition of electrolyte had a negative effect on equilibrium adsorption capacity and adsorption rate. HIGHLIGHTS
Acrylic-acid-modified walnut shells was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (RB).The adsorption of RB by modified walnut shells was greatly affected by pH.Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich model fit the experimental data.The modified walnut shell can remove RB through electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and electron donor–acceptor interaction. Acrylic-acid-modified walnut shells was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (RB). The adsorption of RB by modified walnut shells was greatly affected by pH. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich model fit the experimental data. The modified walnut shell can remove RB through electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and electron donor–acceptor interaction.
Supplementary Information from Molecular archaeoparasitology identifies cultural changes in the Medieval Hanseatic trading centre of Lübeck
Creators: name: Flammer, Patrik G.
name: Dellicour, Simon
name: Preston, Stephen G.
name: Rieger, Dirk
name: Warren, Sylvia
name: Tan, Cedric K. W.
name: Nicholson, Rebecca
name: Přichystalová, Renáta
name: Bleicher, Niels
name: Wahl, Joachim
name: Faria, Nuno R.
name: Pybus, Oliver G.
name: Pollard, Mark
name: Smith, Adrian L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Throughout history, humans have been afflicted by parasitic worms and eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits. This study integrated parasitological and ancient DNA methods with a large sample set dating between Neolithic and Early Modern periods to explore the utility of molecular archaeoparasitology as a new approach to study the past. Molecular analyses provided unequivocal species-level parasite identification and revealed location-specific epidemiological signatures. Faecal–oral transmitted nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) were ubiquitous across time and space. By contrast, high numbers of food-associated cestodes (Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata) were restricted to medieval Lübeck. The presence of these cestodes and changes in their prevalence at approximately 1300CE indicate substantial alterations in diet or parasite availability. Trichuris trichiura ITS-1 sequences grouped into two clades; one ubiquitous and one restricted to medieval Lübeck and Bristol. The high sequence diversity of T.t.ITS-1 detected in Lübeck is consistent with its importance as a Hanseatic trading centre. Collectively, these results introduce molecular archaeoparasitology as an artefact-independent source of historical evidence.
Properties of the weighted log-rank test in the design of confirmatory studies with delayed effects
Creators: name: Jimenez, Jose L
name: Stalbovskaya, Viktoriya
name: Jones, Byron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Proportional hazards are a common assumption when designing confirmatory clinical trials in oncology. This assumption not only affects the analysis part but also the sample size calculation. The presence of delayed effects causes a change in the hazard ratio while the trial is ongoing since at the beginning we do not observe any difference between treatment arms and after some unknown time point, the differences between treatment arms will start to appear. Hence, the proportional hazards assumption no longer holds and both sample size calculation and analysis methods to be used should be reconsidered. The weighted log-rank test allows a weighting for early, middle and late differences through the Fleming and Harrington class of weights, and is proven to be more efficient when the proportional hazards assumption does not hold. The Fleming and Harrington class of weights, along with the estimated delay, can be incorporated into the sample size calculation in order to maintain the desired power once the treatment arm differences start to appear. In this article, we explore the impact of delayed effects in group sequential and adaptive group sequential designs, and make an empirical evaluation in terms of power and type-I error rate of the of the weighted log-rank test in a simulated scenario with fixed values of the Fleming and Harrington class of weights. We also give some practical recommendations regarding which methodology should be used in the presence of delayed effects depending on certain characteristics of the trial.
Existence and interpretation of smooth cosmic-ray dominated shock structures in supernova remnants
Creators: name: O'C, Drury L
name: J, Völk H
name: G, Berezhko E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of energetic particle acceleration at collisionless shocks by the diffusive shock acceleration process indicate that completely smooth cosmic ray dominated shock structures are possible. The existence of these is discussed and conditions for their existence derived. It is shown that such solutions cannot dominate the evolution of supernova remnants if the particle diffusion coefficient has the expected strong momentum dependence To appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 1995, vol 299 pp 222-224
description: 3 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript
Vespertilio leporinus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio
Vespertilio leporinus

description: Vespertilio leporinus [spec. nov.]
V. caudatus, labio superiore bifido. Syst. nat. 7. * Mus. Ad. Fr. 1. p. 7. *
Verspertilio, cato similis, americanus. Seb. mus. 1. p. 89. t. 55. f. 1.
Habitat in America.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 32, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Broad-band X-ray/gamma-ray spectra and binary parameters of GX 339-4 and their astrophysical implications
Creators: name: Zdziarski, Andrzej A.
name: Poutanen, Juri
name: Mikolajewska, Joanna
name: Gierlinski, Marek
name: Ebisawa, Ken
name: Johnson, W. Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present X-ray/gamma-ray spectra of the binary GX 339-4 observed in the hard state simultaneously by Ginga and CGRO OSSE during an outburst in 1991 September. The Ginga spectra are well represented by a power law with a photon spectral index of 1.75 and a moderately-strong Compton reflection component with a fluorescent Fe K alpha line. The OSSE data require a sharp high-energy cutoff in the power-law spectrum. The broad-band spectra are very well modelled by repeated Compton scattering in a thermal plasma with tau=1 and kT=50 keV. We also find the distance to the system to be > 3 kpc, ruling out earlier determinations of 1.3 kpc. Using this limit, the observed reddening and the orbital period, we find the allowed range of the mass of the primary is consistent with it being a black hole. The data are inconsistent with models of either homogenous or patchy coronae above the surface of an accretion disc. Rather, they are consistent with the presence of a hot inner hot disc accreting at a rate close to the maximum set by advection and surrounded by a cold outer disc. The seed photons for Comptonization are supplied by the outer cold disc and/or cold clouds within the hot disc. Pair production is negligible if electrons are thermal. The hot disc model, which scaled parameters are independent of the black-hole mass, is supported by the similarity of the spectrum of GX 339-4 to those of other black-hole binaries and Seyfert 1s. On the other hand, their spectra in the soft gamma-ray regime are significantly harder than those of weakly-magnetized neutron stars. Based on this difference, we propose that the presence of broad-band spectra corresponding to thermal Comptonization with kT of 50 keV or more represents a black-hole signature.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Supplementary information: Target gene expression levels and competition between transfected and endogenous microRNAs are strong confounding factors in microRNA high-throughput experiments
Creators: name: Saito, Takaya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplementary information for "Target gene expression levels and competition between transfected and endogenous microRNAs are strong confounding factors in microRNA high-throughput experiments".
The file contains Supplementary Tables S1-S23 and Supplementary Figures S1-S5.
Colored collapse models from the non-interferometric perspective
Creators: name: Carlesso, Matteo
name: Ferialdi, Luca
name: Bassi, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of spontaneous wave function collapse describe the quantum-to-classical transition by assuming a progressive breakdown of the superposition principle when the mass of the system increases, providing a well-defined phenomenology in terms of a non-linearly and stochastically modified Schrodinger equation, which can be tested experimentally. The most popular of such models is the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model: in its original version, the collapse is driven by a white noise, and more recently, generalizations in terms of colored noises, which are more realistic, have been formulated. We will analyze how current non-interferometric tests bound the model, depending on the spectrum of the noise. We will find that low frequency purely mechanical experiments provide the most stable and strongest bounds.
D-7.3-Curriculum for offshore course, guideline, and learning manual
Creators: name: Ziemba, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Training
subject: Off-shore Education
subject: Knowledge Exchange
subject: Blue Economy
subject: Multi-Use
subject: Mariculture
subject: Aquaculture
subject: Renewable energy
subject: Sustainable economy
subject: Marine energy
subject: Marine biology

description: The ocean multi-use concept (e.g. combination of coastal tourism and aquaculture) is considered a potential solution to space scarcity and viability of offshore operations (e.g. combination with other offshore industries such as offshore wind energy production). Due to these most promising opportunities, several countries have begun to integrate the concept of multi-use in their maritime spatial plans or they at least plan on doing so. However, promoting multi-use requires a development of personnel capacity building alongside, in order to reduce risks and assure a safe work environment in the offshore sector. Hence, the objective of UNITED is not only to examine the economic, ecological, technical, social, political and legal aspects of multi-use, but also to push the trend of a modern and versatile offshore education concept that allows future employees to multifunctionally work in more than one offshore sector. Especially for the recruitment of experienced staff for multi-purpose industries, an educational program is highly important. This deliverable represents the multi-level (international, EU, national, local) and multi-sector (different marine and maritime industries) stakeholder workshop series, designed by the UNITED team, to address various offshore related topics. It describes a transferable interdisciplinary training concept, which allows stakeholders of different backgrounds (industry, scientific community, social and administrative rep- resentatives) to be informed and taught about, as well as actively be engaged in future multi-use activities. The newly designed training and teaching program provides a pandemic conform dissemination of knowledge and will provide the participants with a certificate, confirming they received a basic training in offshore multi-use operations. The proposed topics reflect the knowledge gaps and needs that were identified during the MUSES project. This report synthesizes the workshop concept for capacity building of personnel, incorporating elements of hands-on experience as well as extensive technical competencies. The aim of the training workshops is not only to educate aquaculture researchers and industry stakeholders but also to facilitate a trans-disciplinary knowledge exchange of best practices from different offshore activities, to combine skills and possibly tools in order to advance an innovative, sustainable and safer multi-use sector.
Vespertilio auritus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio
Vespertilio auritus

description: Vespertilio auritus [spec. nov.]
V. caudatus, naso oreque simplici, auriculis duplicatis capite majoribus.
Vespertilio auribus majoribus. Frisch. av. t. 103. Edv. av. t. 201. f. 3. Olear. mus. t. 15. f. 1.
Habitat in Europa.
Distincta species auriculis, nii solo sexu a sequenti aliena?
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 32, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 3 of LOXL1 modulates the malignant progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP
Creators: name: Hu, Lin
name: Wang, Jing
name: Wang, Yunliang
name: Wu, Linpeng
name: Wu, Chao
name: Mao, Bo
name: Maruthi Prasad, E.
name: Wang, Yuhong
name: Chin, Y. Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Knockdown of LOXL1 in RKO and HT29 cells increases their proliferation ability in vitro. CCK8 analysis was performed to detect the cell proliferation. Data from three independent experiments are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired t-test; ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.
Gear pitting fault diagnosis using raw acoustic emission signal based on deep learning
Creators: name: Li, X
name: Li, J
name: He, David
name: Qu, Y
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Gear pitting fault is one of the most common faults in mechanical transmission. Acoustic emission (AE) signals have been effective for gear fault detection because they are less affected by ambient noise than traditional vibration signals. To overcome the problem of low gear pitting fault recognition rate using AE signals and convolutional neural networks, this paper proposes a new method named augmented convolution sparse autoencoder (ACSAE) for gear pitting fault diagnosis using raw AE signals. First, the proposed method combines sparse autoencoder and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks for unsupervised learning and then uses the reinforcement theory to enhance the adaptability and robustness of the network. The ACSAE method can automatically extract fault features directly from the original AE signals without time and frequency domain conversion of the AE signals. AE signals collected from gear test experiments are used to validate the ACSAE method. The analysis result of the gear pitting fault test shows that the proposed method can effectively performing recognition of the gear pitting faults, and the recognition rate reaches above 98%. The comparative analysis shows that in comparison with fully-connected neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent neural networks, the ACSAE method has achieved a better diagnostic accuracy for gear fitting faults.
Additional file 5 of LOXL1 modulates the malignant progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP
Creators: name: Hu, Lin
name: Wang, Jing
name: Wang, Yunliang
name: Wu, Linpeng
name: Wu, Chao
name: Mao, Bo
name: Maruthi Prasad, E.
name: Wang, Yuhong
name: Chin, Y. Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4 Knockdown of LOXL1 decreases the Hippo pathway activation. HT29 cells were transfected with siRNA to LOXL1 or a control siRNA (N) for 48 h. Cell lysates were analysed by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies.
MacroPCA: An all-in-one PCA method allowing for missing values as well as cellwise and rowwise outliers
Creators: name: Hubert, Mia
name: Rousseeuw, Peter J.
name: Bossche, Wannes Van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multivariate data are typically represented by a rectangular matrix (table) in which the rows are the objects (cases) and the columns are the variables (measurements). When there are many variables one often reduces the dimension by principal component analysis (PCA), which in its basic form is not robust to outliers. Much research has focused on handling rowwise outliers, i.e. rows that deviate from the majority of the rows in the data (for instance, they might belong to a different population). In recent years also cellwise outliers are receiving attention. These are suspicious cells (entries) that can occur anywhere in the table. Even a relatively small proportion of outlying cells can contaminate over half the rows, which causes rowwise robust methods to break down. In this paper a new PCA method is constructed which combines the strengths of two existing robust methods in order to be robust against both cellwise and rowwise outliers. At the same time, the algorithm can cope with missing values. As of yet it is the only PCA method that can deal with all three problems simultaneously. Its name MacroPCA stands for PCA allowing for Missingness And Cellwise & Rowwise Outliers. Several simulations and real data sets illustrate its robustness. New residual maps are introduced, which help to determine which variables are responsible for the outlying behavior. The method is well-suited for online process control.
The role of cooling flows in galaxy formation
Creators: name: Nulsen, P. E. J.
name: Fabian, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present structure of galaxies is governed by the radiative dissipation of the gravitational and supernova energy injected during formation. A crucial aspect of this process is whether the gas cools as fast as it falls into the gravitational potential well. If it does then rapid normal star formation is assumed to ensue. If not, and the gas can still cool by the present time, then the situation resembles that of a cooling flow, such as commonly found in clusters of galaxies. The cooled matter is assumed to accumulate as very cold clouds and/or low mass stars, i.e. as baryonic dark matter. In this paper we investigate the likelihood of a cooling flow phase during the hierarchical formation of galaxies. We concentrate on the behaviour of the gas, using a highly simplified treatment of the evolution of the dark matter potential within which the gas evolves. We assume that normal star formation is limited by how much gas the associated supernovae can unbind and allow the gas profile to flatten as a consequence of supernova energy injection. We find that cooling flows are an important phase in the formation of most galaxies with total (dark plus luminous) masses approxgt 10^12 Msun , creating about 20 per cent of the total dark halo in a galaxy such as our own and a smaller but comparable fraction of an elliptical galaxy of similar mass. The onset of a cooling flow determines the upper mass limit for the formation of a visible spheroid from gas, setting a characteristic mass scale for normal galaxies. We argue that disk formation requires a cooling flow phase and that dissipation in the cooling flow phase is the most important factor in the survival of normal galaxies during subsequent hierarchical mergers.
description: uuencoded compressed postscript. The preprint is also available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.html
Strategic offering in jointly-cleared energy and balancing pools with significant amounts of intermittent generation: an MPEC approach
Creators: name: Vlachodimitropoulos, Marios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The large-scale integration of renewable generation has brought about a paradigm shift in power system operations, where the physics of the electricity system and priority dispatch policies imply a diminishing energy role for the conventional plant. Despite their increasingly important role as capacity sources, a consensual reform that compensates generators for offsetting intermittency has yet to be adopted. Dropping utilisation rates and prices may thus prompt firms to behave strategically in order to offset the losses incurred in the energy market. In this context, we consider the gaming incentives facing dominant firms and present a bi-level optimisation model, which maximises expected profits for the price-making leader, who anticipates the reactions of her price-taking followers in a Stackelberg game. The resulting nonlinear Mathematical Programme with Equilibrium Constraints is reduced into a Mixed Integer Programme, which is linearized by means of disjunctive constraints and solved to global optimality. Key to this work is to derive the optimal bids for the leader and assess the impact of strategic behaviour under uncertainty on locational marginal prices and profits in an energy-only market, which co-optimises energy and balancing operations. We employ a transmission-constrained dispatch to evaluate our method on a 29-node system for various wind penetration and demand levels and compare results against the competitive benchmark, which is cast as a two-stage stochastic programme with recourse. Results suggest that incumbents have compelling reasons to exploit economic withholding and transmission-related strategies, even under significant amounts of renewable generation. Additional simulations provide for the preliminary understanding of the impact of the parameter of flexibility on the leader’s strategy and profits; on-peak withholding causes large price distortions which offset the income erosion following the exposure to a less favourable balancing market, unlike off-peak withholding, where the diminished price-lifting ability connotes lower gains compared to the less flexible system.
Post freeze-out annihilations in the early universe
Creators: name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible effect of the residual annihilations of heavy particles after freeze-out from equilibrium in the early universe. An error in previous work on this subject is pointed out and the correct method of solving the Boltzmann equation for this case is developed. For Majorana particles there are significant differences relative to previous work.
description: 5 pages REVTEX, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Relaxation processes in one-dimensional self-gravitating many-body systems
Creators: name: Tsuchiya, Toshio
name: Gouda, Naoteru
name: Konishi, Tetsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though one dimensional self-gravitating $N$-body systems have been studied for three decade, the nature of relaxation was still unclear. There were inconsistent results about relaxation time; some initial state relaxed in the time scale $T\sim N\,t_c$, but another state did not relax even after $T\sim N^2\,t_c$, where $t_c$ is the crossing time. The water-bag distribution was believed not to relax after $T\sim N^2\,t_c$. In our previous paper, however, we found there are two different relaxation times in the water-bag distribution;in the faster relaxation ( microscopic relaxation ) the equipartition of energy distribution is attains but the macroscopic distribution turns into the isothermal distribution in the later relaxation (macroscopic relaxation). In this paper, we investigated the properties of the two relaxation. We found that the microscopic relaxation time is $T\sim N\,t_c$, and the macroscopic relaxation time is proportional to $N\,t_c$, thus the water-bag does relax. We can see the inconsistency about the relaxation times is resolved as that we see the two different aspect of relaxations. Further, the physical mechanisms of the relaxations are presented.
description: 11 pages, uuencoded, compressed Postscript, no figure, figures available at ftp://ferio.mtk.nao.ac.jp/pub/tsuchiya/Tsuchiya95.tar.gz
Elephas Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Proboscidea
Elephantidae
Elephas

description: Elephas [gen. nov.]
Dentes Primores nulli.
Laniarii superiores elongati.
Proboscis longissima, prehensilis.
Corpus nudiusculum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 33, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Particle-like behavior of topological defects in linear wave packets in photonic graphene
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhaoyang
name: Li, Feng
name: Malpuech, Guillaume
name: Zhang, Yiqi
name: Bleu, Olivier
name: Koniakhin, Sergei
name: Li, Changbiao
name: Zhang, Yanpeng
name: Xiao, Min
name: Solnyshkov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological defects, such as quantum vortices, determine the properties of quantum fluids. The study of their properties has been at the center of activity in solid state and BEC communities. On the other hand, the non-trivial behavior of wavepackets, such as the self-accelerating Airy beams, has also been intriguing physicists. Here, we study the formation, evolution, and interaction of optical vortices in wavepackets at the Dirac point in photonic graphene. We show that even in a non-interacting two-component system the topological excitations appearing in a wavepacket can still be considered as "particles", capable of mutual interaction, with their trajectory obeying the laws of dynamics.
A medical bypass. Can the manipulation of gut hormone levels replicate the favourable effects on energy and glucose homeostasis seen following gastric bypass surgery?
Creators: name: Troke, Rachel Clare
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The obesity crisis has reached epidemic proportions. Medical therapies are few and far between, offering only modest benefit, with maximal weight loss at one year in the region of 5-6%. Gastric bypass surgery and specifically Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the only obesity treatment which has shown a marked and sustained weight loss, with initial remission of diabetes in up to 75% of patients. An increase in the post-prandial secretion of satiety gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and oxyntomodulin (OXM) following gastric bypass may mediate these favourable effects. GLP-1 promotes insulin secretion in response to an oral glucose load. PYY also increases insulin sensitivity in rodents, and OXM increases energy expenditure (EE). All three hormones increase satiety. Work in this thesis investigates the contributions of these hormones both alone and in combination on the favourable effects on food intake, body weight, and glycaemic control following gastric bypass surgery. Acute co-infusion of GLP-1 and glucagon (as a surrogate for OXM) as well as glucagon alone increased EE by around 150Kcal per day, an effect that was mediated via the glucagon receptor. GLP-1 did not increase EE but was able to partially counter the hyperglycaemia induced by high doses of glucagon. Acute co-infusion of GLP-1 and glucagon at subanorectic doses reduced food intake by 13% compared to placebo, with no effect seen following administration of either peptide alone. GLP-1 neutralised the hyperglycaemic effect of glucagon at these subanorectic doses. Acute infusion of GLP-1 and PYY(3-36) alone and in combination demonstrated that GLP-1 augments the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) as assessed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. PYY did not modify the AIRg, and neither hormone alone or in combination had any effect on insulin sensitivity or glucose disposal. Chronic administration of long acting analogues of GLP-1, PYY and OXM in combination to diet induced obese (DIO) mice resulted in a marked and sustained reduction in body weight of approximately 16% compared to placebo. This was independent of a reduction in food intake suggesting an increase in EE, possibly mediated via fibroblast growth factor-21. In addition, the combination of analogues improved glucose tolerance compared to placebo. These results suggest that a combination of the gut hormones GLP-1, PYY and OXM, or analogues thereof, offers potential as a novel obesity therapy and may be able to mimic the beneficial metabolic effects seen after gastric bypass.
The Tiered Radio Extragalactic Continuum Simulation (T-RECS)
Creators: name: Bonaldi, Anna
name: Bonato, Matteo
name: Galluzzi, Vincenzo
name: Harrison, Ian
name: Massardi, Marcella
name: Kay, Scott
name: De Zotti, Gianfranco
name: Brown, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Tiered Radio Extragalactic Continuum Simulation (T-RECS): a new simulation of the radio sky in continuum, over the 150 MHz-20 GHz range. T-RECS models two main populations of radio galaxies: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and Star-Forming Galaxies (SFGs), and corresponding sub-populations. Our model also includes polarized emission over the full frequency range, which has been characterised statistically for each population using the available information. We model the clustering properties in terms of probability distributions of hosting halo masses, and use lightcones extracted from a high-resolution cosmological simulation to determine the positions of haloes. This limits the sky area for the simulations including clustering to a 25deg2 field of view. We compare luminosity functions, number counts in total intensity and polarization, and clustering properties of our outputs to up-to-date compilations of data and find a very good agreement. We deliver a set of simulated catalogues, as well as the code to produce them, which can be used for simulating observations and predicting results from deep radio surveys with existing and forthcoming radio facilities, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Discovery of extended radio emission in the young cluster Wd1
Creators: name: Clark, J. S.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Dougherty, S. M.
name: Koornneef, J.
name: Steele, I. A.
name: van Blokland, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 10 micron, ISO-SWS and Australia Telescope Compact Array observations of the region in the cluster Wd1 in Ara centred on the B[e] star Ara C. An ISO-SWS spectrum reveals emission from highly ionised species in the vicinity of the star, suggesting a secondary source of excitation in the region. We find strong radio emission at both 3.5cm and 6.3cm, with a total spatial extent of over 20 arcsec. The emission is found to be concentrated in two discrete structures, separated by 14''. The westerly source is resolved, with a spectral index indicative of thermal emission. The easterly source is clearly extended and nonthermal (synchrotron) in nature. Positionally, the B[e] star is found to coincide with the more compact radio source, while the southerly lobe of the extended source is coincident with Ara A, an M2 I star. Observation of the region at 10micron reveals strong emission with an almost identical spatial distribution to the radio emission. Ara C is found to have an extreme radio luminosity in comparison to prior radio observations of hot stars such as O and B supergiants and Wolf-Rayet stars, given the estimated distance to the cluster. An origin in a detatched shell of material around the central star is therefore suggested; however given the spatial extent of the emission, such a shell must be relatively young (10^3 yrs). The extended non thermal emission associated with the M star Ara A is unexpected; to the best of our knowledge this is a unique phenomenon. SAX (2-10keV) observations show no evidence of X-ray emission, which might be expected if a compact companion were present.
description: 5 pages including encapsulated figures, figure 3 separate. Accepted for MNRAS pink pages
Demolition of home and build of new home on same site
Creators: name: Poppel, Els Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 120106 Interior Design
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Managed the demolition of an old home and the build of a new one on the same site.
Due to badly designed foundations the walls, floors and decks of the old home had cracked and were sagging. The concrete ground floor had a fall of about 20 cm throughout and walls were on a lean.
I Coordinated the demolition of the old home and helped redesign the new home from one of the builders plans, to suit the client; Including a new Walk in Pantry, extra glass sliding doors to the north facade, relocation of closet space, layout laundry etc. Also responsible for the electrical layout and design.
Was responsible for the choice of materials, finishes and fittings as well as the colour scheme while working with a tight budget.
survey of Southeast U.S. beef veterinarians regarding methods for bull breeding soundness evaluation
Creators: name: Gunderson, Todd
name: Jumper, W. Isaac
name: King, E. Heath
name: Huston, Carla L.
name: Smith, David R.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2024
Subjects: Breeding Soundness Veterinary Survey

description: The purpose of this survey was to describe veterinarians’ methods for performing bull breeding soundness evaluations (BSEs). Veterinarians in Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas were emailed a survey regarding their experience, demo­graphics, opinions and perceptions of client pref­erences regarding BSEs. Logistic regression was used to test respondent characteristics for associations with dichotomous outcomes including evaluating semen morphology as part of every BSE and detecting the diadem defect. Of 3,757 veterinar­ians solicited, 204 (5%) responded and 83 (2%) qualified for analysis. Of these, 10/73 (14%) indicated they do not evaluate morphology during every BSE. When shown an image of the diadem defect, 18/73 (25%) indicated seeing it often or some­times, and 55/73 (75%) indicated rarely or never. The only fac­tor associated with evaluating morphology as part of every BSE, was indicating belief that morphology was most predic­tive of bull fertility vs. believing motility was most predictive, or being unsure (OR = 11.2, 95% C.I. = 1.3-94.1). Respondents who always evaluate morphology with bright field microscopy at 1,000X (OR = 4.1, 95% C.I. = 1.2-13.3) or with phase contrast microscopy at ≥ 400X (OR = 5.4, 95% C.I. = 1.1-27.7) had higher odds of indicat­ing they detect the diadem defect sometimes/often. There was an interaction between always using 1000X magnification, or not, and always using 400X, or not, on the reported detection of the diadem defect. Veterinarians’ perceptions of which as­pects of the BSE are most predictive of fertility influence their methods for performing BSEs, and influence the frequency of detecting diadem defects.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 58 No. 1 (2024): ONLINE FIRST
survey of Mississippi cow-calf producers regarding factors associated with veterinarians performing bull breeding soundness evaluations and/or pregnancy diagnosis
Creators: name: Gunderson, Todd G.
name: Jumper, W. Isaac
name: King, E. Heath
name: Huston, Carla L.
name: Smith, David R.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2024
Subjects: reproductive efficiency
producer survey

description: Reproductive efficiency is a major driver of profitability in cow-calf herds, yet many beef producers do not hire veterinar­ians to perform services intended to improve reproductive ef­ficiency such as bull breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) or pregnancy diagnosis. The objective of this study was to deter­mine reasons Mississippi cow-calf producers do or do not hire veterinarians to perform these services. Anonymous surveys were mailed to 1,500 randomly selected members of the Missis­sippi Cattlemen’s Association. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test respondent characteristics for association with outcome variables (e.g., respondents hire a veterinarian for BSEs and/or pregnancy diagnosis). Of 414 returned surveys, 397 (96%) qualified for analysis for an overall response rate of 26%. Of respondents that answered the respective ques­tions, 155/386 (40%) hire a veterinarian for BSEs, and 103/392 (26%) hire a veterinarian for pregnancy diagnosis. Of 396 re­spondents, 229 (58%) indicated they had some form of a defined breeding season. The most common reasons for not hiring a veterinarian were lack of time/help (82/202, 41%) for BSEs and cost (91/248, 37%) for pregnancy diagnosis. On in­ferential analysis, the factors positively associated with hiring a veterinarian for BSEs were having a defined breeding season (OR = 6.8, 95% C.I. = 4.1-11.1) and raising seedstock cattle (OR = 1.7, 95%C.I. = 1.0-13.3). The only factor positively associ­ated with hiring a veterinarian for pregnancy diagnosis was having a defined breeding season (OR = 4.2, 95%C.I. = 2.5-7.3). Management style and operation type influenced producers hiring a veterinarian for BSEs and pregnancy diagnosis.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 58 No. 1 (2024): ONLINE FIRST
A computational orthopaedic biomechanics study of osteoporotic hip fractures
Creators: name: Ridzwan, Mohamad
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Low dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured bone mineral density (BMD) is used as an indicator of reduced bone strength and increased risk of fracture. BMD is widely used to identify patients for fracture prevention treatment. However, many fracture patients are not osteoporotic and would not have been identified by BMD screening. Also, BMD screening vastly overpredicts the number of patients who will progress to fracture. In summary, there is a need to improve explanation and prediction of femoral fracture. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a finite element (FE) methodology that can explain (better than BMD) femoral fractures. An additional aim was to develop a novel experimental methodology, computed tomography (CT)-based digital volume correlation (CT-DVC). This method measures internal strain and fracture and served as validation for the FE methodology. The study included three groups of femur specimens; Group 1: 15 cadavers served as non-fracture controls, Group 2: 14 patients who had suffered a femoral fracture and Group 3: 13 patients scheduled for arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis served as a second non-fracture control group. The correlation of FE-predicted fracture load with in-vitro testing of cadaveric femurs was superior to that of BMD predictions (R2 = 0.77 and R2 = 0.59). Also, the match between CT-based FE models and the experimental observations was reasonably good (73% match) whereas BMD is unable to explain the fracture type. FE-predicted fracture types matched 13 of 14 patient-specific clinical fractures. Including bone quality and load (fall) direction, FE explained many of the clinical fractures that BMD was unable to explain and critical fall directions were identified. FE predicted lower strength of the fracture group which was associated with smaller sizes of anatomical parameters. Also the CT- DVC method demonstrated consistent results and was deemed to have great potential for a wide range of orthopaedic applications.