Pinnularia qinghainensis Bing Liu &amp; S. Blanco 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Deng, Li-Ying
name: Blanco, Saúl
name: Liu, Bing
name: Quan, Si-Jin
name: Long, Ji-Yan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Bacillariophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Naviculales
Pinnulariaceae
Pinnularia
Pinnularia qinghainensis

description: <i>Pinnularia qinghainensis</i> Bing Liu &amp; S. Blanco <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figs 1–25) LM: Valves linear with broadly rounded apices (Figs 1–15), dimensions (n=31): 35–70 μm long, 8–11μm wide. Sternum narrow, widening towards central area. Central area hexagonal with three forms: reaching both margins (e.g. Figs 1, 5, 11), meeting one margin and bordering the other with few short striae (e.g. Figs 2, 3), or bordering both margins with a few short striae (e.g. Figs 8, 12, 15). Raphe filiform, straight. Proximal raphe ends slightly bent toward same side with drop-shaped central pores. Distal raphe fissures sickle-shaped, deflexed to same side. Striae mostly curved, radiate at middle, gradually becoming convergent when approaching apices. Striae 13–16 (often 14) in 10 μm at centre, 15–17 in 10 μm near apices. Longitudinal lines absent. SEM: Valves linear with broadly rounded apices (Figs 16, 21). Central area hexagonal, reaching both margins (Figs 17, 23), or bordering both margins with a few short striae (Figs 21, 22). External proximal raphe ends bent in one direction, slightly dilated (Fig. 17). Distal raphe fissures hooked towards same side (Figs 16, 18, 19). Internally, raphe branches straight, proximal raphe fissures curved towards same side, central nodule not raised (Figs 22, 23); distal raphe terminating as helictoglossae (Figs 24, 25). Striae mostly composed of 4 rows of small areolae (rarely 3 rows) (Figs 16–20), covered by silicified plates (Fig. 20); internally, alveoli open, their openings as depressed chambers. Type:— CHINA. Qinghai province: Lake Qinghai, a sampling point near the lakeshore (see Liu <i>et al</i>. 2020, fig. 1, sampling site 1), 36°50’34” N, 99°42’39” E, 3210 m asl, <i>Bing Liu</i>, <i>19 th July 2019</i> (holotype BM! 98361= Fig. 2; isotype JIU! G202002 = Fig. 3). <b>Etymology:</b> —Named after Lake Qinghai, where the species was found. <b>Ecology:</b> —The following environmental parameters were measured in the field: Electrical conductance 16296.7 ± 86.2 µS∙ cm-1; pH 9.14 ± 0.01; water temperature 15.5 ± 0.3 °C. <b>Similar taxa:</b> <i>Pinnularia boliviana</i> S. Blanco, Álvarez-Blanco &amp; Cejudo-Figueiras (in Blanco <i>et al</i>. 2013: 15), <i>P. rhombarea</i> var. <i>halophila</i> Krammer <b>(</b> 2000: 76) and <i>P. halophila</i> Krammer (1992: 146; see also Krammer 2000: 137) all live in brackish water and in some respects are similar to <i>P. qinghainensis</i>. <i>Pinnularia boliviana</i> differs from <i>P. qinghainensis</i> by its lower stria density (12–13 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm), its wider valves (10.8–16.4 vs. 8–11 μm), and its fascia (in <i>P. qinghainensis</i> the central area may not constitute a fascia). <i>Pinnularia rhombarea</i> var. <i>halophila</i> has broader valves (12–15 vs. 8–11μm) and lower stria density (10–11 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm). <i>Pinnularia halophila</i> has broader valves (17–22 vs. 8–11μm) and much lower stria density (8–9 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm). <i>Pinnularia brebissonii</i> (Kützing 1844: 93) Rabenhorst (1864: 222) also has a lower stria density than <i>P. qinghainensis</i> (12–13 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm). <i>Pinnularia qinghainensis</i> is only known from the type locality and is a rare species (its relative abundance is ca. 0.4%). The diatom samples that included <i>P. qinghainensis</i> were scraped off from stone surfaces immersed in brackish water, hence, the species may be recognized as a brackish-water epilithic diatom. Most of the companion species (e.g. <i>Ctenophora sinensis</i> Bing Liu &amp; D.M. Williams (in Liu <i>et al</i>. 2020: 119), <i>Entomoneis</i> spp., <i>Halamphora</i> spp., <i>Berkeleya</i> sp., <i>Triblionella</i> spp., <i>Brachysira</i> sp. and <i>Surirella</i> spp.) in the samples are either marine or brackish-water diatoms which will be reported later.
description: Published as part of <i>Deng, Li-Ying, Blanco, Saúl, Liu, Bing, Quan, Si-Jin &amp; Long, Ji-Yan, 2021, Pinnularia qinghainensis: a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) found in the brackish Lake Qinghai, China, pp. 80-84 in Phytotaxa 483 (1)</i> on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.483.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5420266
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