cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Equal Protection Problem in Sexual Harassment Doctrine
Creators: name: Lehman, Brian
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: For twenty years, women have sued their employers under Title VII for sexual harassment perpetrated by men, asserting that the sexual harassment qualified as sex discrimination. In Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services Inc., the Supreme Court unanimously held that Title VII also recognizes same- sex sexual harassment. Thus, men may also sue their employers when other men sexually harass them at work. Oncale emphasized that plaintiffs in same-sex sexual harassment cases must satisfy Title VH’s statutory requirements. In pertinent part, Title VII makes it “an unlawful employment practice . . . to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s … sex.” The Supreme Court stressed that plaintiffs must prove that the harassment happened “because of such individual’s . . . sex” and outlined briefly three evidentiary routes plaintiffs might take to prove this element. The first evidentiary route is sexual desire. In same-sex cases, plaintiffs may satisfy the requirement by proving the harasser is homosexual. Likewise, plaintiffs in male-female cases may rely on the harasser’s heterosexuality. The Court reasoned that in such situations, the combination of sexual proposals and the harasser’s sexual orientation could lead a factf’mder to reasonably assume that the harassment occurred out of sexual desire, and thus “because of sex.” The second evidentiary route is general hostility. Oncale explained this evidentiary route with an example, stating that factf’mders could find discrimination if a female harasses another female in such sex-specific and derogatory terms as to make it apparent that a general hostility toward women motivated the harasser. For this second evidentiary route, factf’mders presumably look at the conduct without regard to the harasser’s sexual orientation. The third evidentiary route is direct evidence showing that the harasser treated men and women differently in a mixed-sex workplace.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
Electronical supplementary, table S2 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: table S2. Sex comparison of female-attraction calls of < 2-week old pups from Pelican Point using a Wilcoxon rank test for each acoustic parameter. For example the value of Fmax1 is significantly higher for males than for females. Significance code: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘NS’ 1.
Unconventional Low-Energy Excitations of Cuprate Superconductors
Creators: name: Yeh, N. -C.
name: Beyer, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent development in the physics of high-temperature cuprate superconductivity is reviewed, with special emphasis on the phenomena of unconventional and non-universal low-energy excitations of hole- and electron-type cuprate superconductors and the possible physical origin. A phenomenology based on coexisting competing orders with cuprate superconductivity in the ground state appears to provide consistent account for a wide range of experimental findings, including the presence (absence) of pseudogaps and Fermi arcs above the superconducting transition $T_c$ in hole-type (electron-type) cuprate superconductors and the novel conductance modulations below $T_c$, particularly in the vortex state. Moreover, the competing order scenario is compatible with the possibility of pre-formed Cooper pairs and significant phase fluctuations in cuprate superconductors. The physical implications of the unified phenomenology and remaining open issues for the microscopic mechanism of cuprate superconductivity are discussed.
description: Review article. 39 pages, 15 figures. (Fonts modified and abstract added)
Hemilabile ligands supporting cationic indium complexes : tuning reactivity in catalysis
Creators: name: Goonesinghe, Chatura
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Over the years, numerous neutral indium catalysts have been studied for polymerization reactions. However, recent research conducted by Mehrkhodavandi and co-workers has shed light on the potential of cationic indium species in catalytic applications. In a comprehensive study, the impact of carefully designed hemilabile ligands on the stability, reactivity, and catalytic behavior of indium complexes is explored. Specifically, a family of cationic alkyl indium complexes supported by hemi-salen type ligands with hemilabile heterocyclic pendant donor arms are investigated. The stability and stable lifespan of these complexes directly correlate with the affinity of the pendant donor group to the indium center. The reactivity of the complexes exhibits the opposite trend in the cationic ring-opening polymerization of epoxides. Notably, the most stable complex, bearing a pyridyl donor arm, displays the remarkable ability to polymerize racemic lactide without an external initiator. The same air-stable cationic alkyl indium complex with the pyridyl pendant arm is employed to selectively produce high-molecular-weight cyclic poly(lactide) (c-PLA). This complex enables the reproducible synthesis of c-PLA with low dispersity (Đ ∼ 1.30) and molecular weights reaching up to 416,000 g mol-¹. Importantly, the complex remains active even after prolonged exposure to high-humidity air. Furthermore, it could form high-molecular-weight c-PLLA, c-PDLA, and their stereocomplex without inducing epimerization. The polymerization occurs through a cooperative Lewis-pair-based coordination–insertion mechanism, involving the coordination of monomers to the cationic indium center and the ring-opening of lactide facilitated by the pyridine donor group. Finally, these complexes are used to delve into the mechanism of the selective synthesis of spiro-orthoesters, a unique pre-sequenced monomer capable of producing perfectly alternating poly(ether-alt-ester). Structure function investigations and computational studies were conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanism. These findings reveal that this reaction follows Michaelis-Menten type saturation kinetics, which can be attributed to the low Lewis acidity of the indium catalysts, providing a basis for their exceptional selectivity.
Electronical supplementary, table S4 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: table S4. Bark comparisons by both sex and age using a Wilcoxon rank test for each acoustic parameter. For example the value of f0 is significantly higher for males than for females at Cape Cross. Significance code: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 (CC)/0.017 (PP) ‘NS’ 1.
Atom-number squeezing and bipartite entanglement of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates: analytical results
Creators: name: Jin, G. R.
name: Wang, X. W.
name: Li, D.
name: Lu, Y. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spin dynamics of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with weak Josephson coupling. Analytical expressions of atom-number squeezing and bipartite entanglement are presented for atom-atom repulsive interactions. For attractive interactions, there is no number squeezing; however, the squeezing parameter is still useful to recognize the appearance of Schrödinger's cat state.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Entangling photons by means of the nonlinear response of quantum wells to an ultrashort pulse
Creators: name: Erementchouk, Mikhail
name: Leuenberger, Michael N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that many-body correlations among excitons originating from the Pauli exclusion principle in a quantum well embedded inside a microcavity provide a possibility to produce pairs of entangled photons by ultrashort laser pulses with a yield of $\sim 10^{-2}$. The quantum-field theoretical two-particle density matrix in second quantization is used to calculate entanglement for arbitrary emission angles. %At time scales where the heavy-light hole splitting is resolved the resonances corresponding to different two-exciton %states develop, which allow for a simple kinematic theory relating the %states of the outgoing photons with the respective two-exciton states. Largest response can be expected at symmetric emission angles for resonances with the heavy-heavy and light-light two-exciton states with remarkably nontrivial dependence of entanglement on the emission angles and on the ellipticity parameters of the excitation. We show that the angle dependence can be tailored by means of the microcavity. Interestingly, the emitted entangled 2-photon states are always in a triplet state.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Inclusions and Exclusions in Work-Family Policy: The Public Values and Moral Code Embedded in the Family and Medical Leave Act
Creators: name: Bornstein, Lisa
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: The United States has done little to help working families. We lack any comprehensive national family policy. We were among the last industrialized nations to pass parental leave legislation.2 Historically, governmental action on work and family issues, constrained by values of privacy, autonomy, self-sufficiency, and minimal government interference,3 has been limited to piecemeal responses to headline grabbing outrages. Recently, however, with the demographic changes in American families, the increasing participation of women in the workforce, the aging of the population, and the evolution of the employer-employee relationship, the government has been forced to confront the reality of the work-family dilemmas faced by many Americans. Yet this government involvement has been profoundly shaped by the “reality that [c]ultural assumptions are at the root of government policies.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
Dynamics and evolution of an eruptive flare
Creators: name: Teriaca, L.
name: Falchi, A.
name: Falciani, R.
name: Cauzzi, G.
name: Maltagliati, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics and evolution of a C2.3 two-ribbon flare, developed on 2002 August 11, during the impulsive and the long gradual phase. To this end we obtained multiwavelength observations using the CDS spectrometer aboard SOHO, facilities at the NSO/Sacramento Peak, and the TRACE and RHESSI spacecrafts. CDS spectroheliograms in the Fe XIX, Fe XVI, O V and He I lines allows us to determine the velocity field at different heights/temperatures during the flare and to compare them with the chromospheric velocity fields deduced from H alpha image differences. TRACE images in the 17.1 nm band greatly help in determining the morphology and the evolution of the flaring structures. During the impulsive phase a strong blue-shifted Fe XIX component (-200 km/s) is observed at the footpoints of the flaring loop system, together with a red-shifted emission of O V and He I lines (20 km/s). In one footpoint simultaneous H alpha data are also available and we find, at the same time and location, downflows with an inferred velocity between 4 and 10 km/s. We also verify that the "instantaneous" momenta of the oppositely directed flows detected in Fe XIX and H alpha are equal within one order of magnitude. These signatures are in general agreement with the scenario of explosive chromospheric evaporation. Combining RHESSI and CDS data after the coronal upflows have ceased, we prove that, independently from the filling factor, an essential contribution to the density of the post-flare loop system is supplied from evaporated chromospheric material. Finally, we consider the cooling of this loop system, that becomes successively visible in progressively colder signatures during the gradual phase. We show that the observed cooling behaviour can be obtained assuming a coronal filling factor between 0.2 and 0.5.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, published as: Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2006, vol. 455, p 1123
Deceived by Immersion: A Systematic Analysis of Deceptive Design in Extended Reality
Creators: name: Hadan, Hilda
name: Choong, Lydia
name: Zhang-Kennedy, Leah
name: Nacke, Lennart E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The well-established deceptive design literature has focused on conventional user interfaces. With the rise of extended reality (XR), understanding deceptive design's unique manifestations in this immersive domain is crucial. However, existing research lacks a full, cross-disciplinary analysis that analyzes how XR technologies enable new forms of deceptive design. Our study reviews the literature on deceptive design in XR environments. We use thematic synthesis to identify key themes. We found that XR's immersive capabilities and extensive data collection enable subtle and powerful manipulation strategies. We identified eight themes outlining these strategies and discussed existing countermeasures. Our findings show the unique risks of deceptive design in XR, highlighting implications for researchers, designers, and policymakers. We propose future research directions that explore unintentional deceptive design, data-driven manipulation solutions, user education, and the link between ethical design and policy regulations.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
Search for Resonant Absorption of Solar Axions Emitted in M1 Transition in $^{57}$Fe Nuclei
Creators: name: Derbin, A. V.
name: Egorov, A. I.
name: Mitropol'sky, I. A.
name: Muratova, V. N.
name: Semenov, D. A.
name: Unzhakov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for resonant absorbtion of 14.4 keV solar axions by $^{57}$Fe target was performed. The Si(Li) detector placed inside the low-background setup was used to detect the $γ$-quanta appearing in the deexcitation of 14.4 keV nuclear level: $A+\rm{^{57}Fe} \to \rm{^{57}Fe^{*}} \to \rm{^{57}Fe} + γ$. The new upper limit for the hadronic axion mass have been obtained: $m_{A} \leq 151$ eV (90% C.L.) ($S$=0.5, $z$=0.56).
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Electronical supplementary, table S1 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: table S1. Coefficients of the two linear discriminants resulting from the LDAs performed on female-attraction calls by age-classes at Cape Cross and Pelican Point.
Brief Against Homophobia at the Bar: To Law School Dean: Mid 1960s
Creators: name: ., Anonymous
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: Representatives of the police department and the local prosecutor’s office have related to you the following story: A nineteen year old, on probation for burglary, was picked up by the police for questioning when his uncle reported his suspicion that the boy was wearing stolen clothes. Actually, he was wearing the clothes of Mr. Lawson, a law student, which the latter had reported to the police as stolen. The probationer told the police that some time earlier Mr. Lawson had engaged him in conversation at the Greyhound Bus Terminal and subsequently invited him to the student’s apartment for a few drinks. At the apartment Mr. Lawson eventually performed fellatio (oral-genital relations) on the probationer, with consent, and paid him a sum of money. [You were] informed that upon being confronted by the police with this story, Mr. Lawson said, “I have a problem, I can control it as long as I don’t drink.” Of course, both the probationer’s allegations and the implied admission of Mr. Lawson were presented to you in the form of double or triple hearsay; whatever doubts may subsequently be raised about the relevance of the allegations or the propriety of disclosure are thus significantly aggravated by the dubious quality of the evidence.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
On the Columbia Journal of Gender and Law’s Future Role
Creators: name: Weinstein, Jack B.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: Providing gender equity and equality in organizations is an important route to major improvements in status and opportunity. In the last ten years, statutory reforms, caselaw, and private changes in attitude have reduced many institutional inequalities-with far more to be done. We need to take a broader view of “gender problems.” Implicated in such a view will be the more intractable sociological problems of individuals in one-on-one relationships or community situations, of single parenthood and of child rearing in nontraditional and traditional families, of the continuing intergenerational effects of poverty, poor education and cruel childhoods, and of heritage-based views of man-woman characteristics and affinities, particularly in terms of real equality of opportunity. That so many are in prison, for example, is a critical aspect of gender issues for the future.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
Indigenous food security and the limits of food sovereignty
Creators: name: Salpeter, Foster Isaiah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Progress in combatting food insecurity, the condition of not having reliable access to nutritious and culturally appropriate food, has stalled in this century, especially in developed countries. In Canada and the United States, while food insecurity remains common across the broader population, indigenous peoples are disproportionately impacted and face even higher rates of food insecurity, with percentage estimates ranging from a third to almost half. In this thesis, I provide a philosophical examination of the two principal frameworks for countering food insecurity—one which I call the “neoliberal food security paradigm”, and the second known as the “food sovereignty” paradigm—with the goal of uncovering the mechanisms and reasons for which these frameworks can interfere with or promote indigenous food security. Via a case study on manoomin (wild rice) cultivation in the Great Lakes region by the Anishinaabeg, I explore the ways that settler-industrialism, and more specifically large-scale agricultural ventures backed by the sovereign state, continue to interfere with indigenous self-determination and modes of subsistence. I argue that this approach to agriculture and the governance of land are supported by proponents of the “neoliberal food security paradigm”, notably the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and thus that proponents of this paradigm reiterate the domination of indigenous communities. While “food sovereignty” was in many ways designed to counter the shortcomings of the "neoliberal food security" approach, I challenge its continued reliance on territorial sovereignty in the advancement of its goals; I use a case study on First Nation state formation in the Yukon to argue that territorial sovereignty restricts autonomy and opportunities for self-determination by limiting the adaptive capabilities of collectives, and by making it more difficult for diverse communities to treat food insecurity as a collective problem. This encourages an approach to food insecurity which responds to the limitations of territorial sovereignty in addition to the deficiencies of the neoliberal food system.
Surface Volatile Composition as Evidence for Hydrothermal Processes Lasting Longer in Triton's Interior than Pluto's
Creators: name: Mandt, Kathleen
name: Luspay-Kuti, Adrienn
name: Mousis, Olivier
name: Anderson, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-10

description: Ocean worlds, or icy bodies in the outer solar system that have or once had subsurface liquid water oceans, are among the most compelling topics of astrobiology. Typically, confirming the existence of a subsurface ocean requires close spacecraft observations. However, combining our understanding of the chemistry that takes place in a subsurface ocean with our knowledge of the building blocks that formed potential ocean worlds provides an opportunity to identify tracers of endogenic activity in the surface volatiles of Pluto and Triton. We show here that the current composition of the volatiles on the surfaces and in the atmospheres of Pluto and Triton are deficient in carbon, which can only be explained by the loss of CH4 through a combination of aqueous chemistry and atmospheric processes. Furthermore, we find that the relative nitrogen and water abundances are within the range observed in building block analogs, comets, and chondrites. A lower limit for N/Ar in Pluto's atmosphere also suggests source building blocks that have a cometary or chondritic composition, all pointing to an origin for their nitrogen as NH3 or organics. Triton's lower abundance of CH4 compared to Pluto, and the detection of CO2 at Triton but not at Pluto points to aqueous chemistry in a subsurface ocean that was more efficient at Triton than Pluto. These results have applications to other large Kuiper Belt objects as well as the assessment of formation locations and times for the four giant planets given future probe measurements of noble gas abundances and isotope ratios.
Women Get Heart Disease Too: A Brief History of Gender Discrimination in Medical Research
Creators: name: Shalala, Donna E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: Thirty years ago, I got my first academic appointment as an assistant professor of political science at a well-known university. My Department Chair greeted me by announcing that he was very glad I was joining the University. But he didn’t want any misunderstanding: I would not be getting tenure. “Women do not get tenure,” he said, as if stating a rule of black letter law. So the message my Department Chair delivered was unmistakable-and typical for that time: the welcome mat is not out. But at least I knew where I stood. I soon found a better appointment and got tenure in due course. Unfortunately, for many women in the academy, and other businesses and industries, the obstacles were too high–and the resistance to change too strong. That resistance came in many forms: sometimes overt, other times silently and behind closed doors. It also came in places that even today have the power to shock. For example, most people know that for decades women were systematically excluded from medical school. Less well known, but equally insidious, is the tragedy of women being discriminated against in the delivery of health care. I’m not talking about the long history of doctors telling women: “Go home, it’s all in your head.” That sort of abuse was bad enough. But there are also examples of systemic gender discrimination–4olerated and sometimes encouraged by the very agencies of government that were responsible for protecting the women. One such agency was my own: the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which has the statutory duty to fund biomedical research and approve the development of new drugs. For many years, this was not a duty that the Department carried out with women in mind.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
First Law of p-brane Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Rogatko, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the physical process version and the equilibrium state version of the first law of thermodynamics for a charged p-brane. the general setting for our investigations is (n+p+1)-dimensional Einstein dilaton gravity with (p+2) strength form fields.
description: Revtex, to be published in Phys.Rev.D15
Combined Invariant Subspace \& Frequency-Domain Subspace Method for Identification of Discrete-Time MIMO Linear Systems
Creators: name: You, Jingze
name: Huang, Chao
name: Zhang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, a novel system identification method based on invariant subspace theory is introduced, aiming to address the identification problem of continuous-time (CT) linear time-invariant (LTI) systems by combining time-domain and frequency-domain methods. Subsequently, the combined Invariant-Subspace and Subspace Identification Method (cISSIM) is introduced, enabling direct estimation of CT LTI systems in state-space forms. It produces consistent estimation that is robust in an error-in-variable and slow-sampling conditions, while no pre-filtering operation of the input-output signals is needed. This paper presents the discrete-cISSIM, which extends cISSIM to discrete-time (DT) systems and offers the following improvements: 1) the capability to utilize arbitrary discrete periodic excitations while cISSIM uses multi-sine signals; 2) a faster estimation with reduced computational complexity is proposed; 3) the covariance estimation problem can be addressed concurrently with the system parameter estimation. An implementation of discrete-cISSIM by MATLAB has also been provided.
description: algorithm implemented via MATLAB: https://github.com/wyqy/dcissim
Forschungsdaten und Wissenstransfer. Universitäten, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft – Das Projekt FAIR DATA Austria
Creators: name: Ferus, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: FAIR Data Austria
Research Data Management
Data Stewardship
FAIR Office Austria
European Open Science Cloud
Austrian EOSC Mandated Organisation
EOSC Support Office Austria

description: Präsentationsfolien zu einem Vortrag im Rahmen der „ONLINE Coffee Lectures: Forschungsdatenmanagement“ der Universität Hildesheim am 20. Oktober 2021 über die Hintergründe, Ziele und Aktivitäten des Projekts FAIR Data Austria.
Two Anniversaries of Challenge and Change
Creators: name: Schafran, Lynn Hecht
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: The tenth anniversary of the Columbia Journal of Gender and Law coincides with the twentieth anniversary of the National Judicial Education Program to Promote Equality for Women and Men in the Courts, of which I have been Director since 1981. While a decade or two is a nanosecond in historical time, in the context of women’s legal history, these decades from 1980 to 2000 loom large because they have produced such dramatic and positive change. When the National Judicial Education Program (NJEP) began its work in 1980, judges’ and attorneys’ gender bias was an invisible problem. Today it is grounds for reversal and sanction. In 1980, knowledgeable judges, lawyers, and journalists told NJEP that judges would never acknowledge that gender bias was a problem in their courts or an appropriate subject for judicial education. At the National Conference on Public Trust and Confidence in the Justice System in May 1999, 500 state chief justices, state court administrators, state bar presidents, and other justice system leaders voted to make implementation of the recommendations of the state task forces on gender, race, and ethnic bias in the courts a priority. Indeed, just the existence of these task forces, established in response to NJEP’s educational programs, testifies to the difference these decades have made.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
Simotes octolineatus Jan.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Colubridae
Simotes
Simotes octolineatus

description: * Simotes octolineatus Jan.
Deli v. H. Lüthy. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 679, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
International Comparison of Labor Productivity Distribution for Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing Firms
Creators: name: Ikeda, Yuichi
name: Souma, Wataru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Labor productivity was studied at the microscopic level in terms of distributions based on individual firm financial data from Japan and the US. A power-law distribution in terms of firms and sector productivity was found in both countries' data. The labor productivities were not equal for nation and sectors, in contrast to the prevailing view in the field of economics. It was found that the low productivity of the Japanese non-manufacturing sector reported in macro-economic studies was due to the low productivity of small firms.
description: 9 pages including figures
Effects of a dominant species on the functional diversity of co-existing species in temperate deciduous understorey
Creators: name: Krishan, Kaushik
name: Bricca Alessandro
name: Mugnai Michele
name: Viciani Daniele
name: Kinga, Rudolf
name: Somfalvi-Tóth  Katalin
name: Morschhauser Tamás
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: functional redundancy analysis

description: This file a supporting file for the abovementioned titled article with MDPI journal - PLANTS.
Structure of rotator phases formed in C$_{13}$-C$_{21}$ alkanes and their mixtures: in bulk and in emulsion drops
Creators: name: Cholakova, Diana
name: Pantov, Martin
name: Tcholakova, Slavka
name: Denkov, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystallization of alkane mixtures has been studied extensively for decades. However, majority of the available data consider the behaviour of alkanes with chain length of 21 C-atoms or more. Furthermore, important information about the changes of the unit cell structure with temperature is practically absent. In this work, the phase behavior of several pure alkanes $C_{n}H_{2n+2}$, with $n$ ranging between 13 and 21, and their binary, ternary or multi-component equimolar mixtures are investigated by X-ray scattering techniques. Both bulk alkanes and oil-in-water emulsions of the same alkanes were studied. The obtained results show formation of mixed rotator phases for all systems with chain length difference between the neighbouring alkanes of $Δn \leqslant 3$. Partial demixing is observed when $Δn = 4 $, yet the main fraction of the alkane molecules arranges in a mixed rotator phase in these samples. This demixing is suppressed if an alkane with intermediate chain length is added to the mixture. Interestingly, a steep temperature dependence of the interlamellar spacing in mixed rotator phases was observed upon cooling at temperatures down to 10°C below the melting temperature of the mixture. The volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion of the rotator phases of mixed alkanes ($α_{V} \approx 2$ x $10^{-3} °C ^{-1} $) is around 10 times bigger compared to that of the rotator phases of pure alkanes. The experiments performed with emulsion drops containing the same alkane mixture while stabilized by different surfactants, showed that the surfactant template also affects the final lattice spacing which is observed at low temperatures. In contrast, no such dependence was observed for drops stabilized by the same surfactant while having different initial diameters - in this case only the initial temperature of the crystallization onset was affected.
Atomic excitation during recollision-free ultrafast multi-electron tunnel ionization
Creators: name: Bryan, W. A.
name: Stebbings, S. L.
name: McKenna, J.
name: English, E. M. L.
name: Suresh, M.
name: Wood, J.
name: Srigengan, B
name: Turcu, I. C. E.
name: Smith, J. M.
name: Divall, E. J.
name: Hooker, C. J.
name: Langley, A. J.
name: Collier, J. L.
name: Williams, I. D.
name: Newell, W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern intense ultrafast pulsed lasers generate an electric field of sufficient strength to permit tunnel ionization of the valence electrons in atoms. This process is usually treated as a rapid succession of isolated events, in which the states of the remaining electrons are neglected. Such electronic interactions are predicted to be weak, the exception being recollision excitation and ionization caused by linearly-polarized radiation. In contrast, it has recently been suggested that intense field ionization may be accompanied by a two-stage `shake-up' reaction. Here we report a unique combination of experimental techniques that enables us to accurately measure the tunnel ionization probability for argon exposed to 50 femtosecond laser pulses. Most significantly for the current study, this measurement is independent of the optical focal geometry, equivalent to a homogenous electric field. Furthermore, circularly-polarized radiation negates recollision. The present measurements indicate that tunnel ionization results in simultaneous excitation of one or more remaining electrons through shake-up. From an atomic physics standpoint, it may be possible to induce ionization from specific states, and will influence the development of coherent attosecond XUV radiation sources. Such pulses have vital scientific and economic potential in areas such as high-resolution imaging of in-vivo cells and nanoscale XUV lithography.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, original format as accepted by Nature Physics
Women and Children First… Why Not Build Enough Lifeboats?
Creators: name: Maxwell, Gary J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: For nearly a year, a multi-disciplinary team of professionals designed and sponsored a conference intended to develop a stronger and more effective working relationship between women’s rights advocates in the domestic violence context and child protective advocates. Conference presenters included Victor La Cerva, M.D., Medical Director for the New Mexico Department of Health’s Family Health Bureau, and Linda Spears, Director of Child Protective Services for the Child Welfare League of America. I was asked to design case scenarios (See Appendix, p. 47) which were reviewed and discussed by a panel of professionals, including representatives of law enforcement, the courts, child protective services, women’s shelters, and individuals playing the roles of mom, dad, and child. The conference closed with individual community groups working on designing a plan for their community whereby women’s rights and child protection advocates could work together.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
Honeycomb antiferromagnet with a triply degenerate dimer ground state
Creators: name: Kumar, Rakesh
name: Kumar, Dushyant
name: Kumar, Brijesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an antiferromagnetic quantum spin-1/2 model on honeycomb lattice. It has two parts, one of which is the usual nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model. The other part is a certain multiple spin interaction term, introduced by us, which is exactly solvable for the ground state. Without the Heisenberg part, the model has an exact threefold degenerate dimer ground state. This exact ground state is also noted to exist for the general spin-S case. For the spin-1/2 case, we further carry out the triplon analysis in the ground state, to study the competition between the Heisenberg and the multiple spin interactions. This approximate calculation exhibits a continuous quantum phase transition from the dimer order to Néel order.
description: 6+ pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Unconventional Fermi surface spin textures in the Bi_xPb_{1-x}/Ag(111) surface alloy
Creators: name: Meier, Fabian
name: Petrov, Vladimir
name: Guerrero, Sebastian
name: Mudry, Christopher
name: Patthey, Luc
name: Osterwalder, Juerg
name: Dil, J. Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi and Rashba energies of surface states in the Bi_xPb_{1-x}/Ag(111) alloy can be tuned simultaneously by changing the composition parameter x. We report on unconventional Fermi surface spin textures observed by spin and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy {that are correlated with a topological transition of the Fermi surface occurring at x=0.5. We show that the surface states remain fully spin polarized upon alloying and that the spin polarization vectors are approximately tangential to the constant energy contours. We discuss the implications of the topological transition for the transport of spin.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Parallel introgression, not recurrent emergence, explains apparent elevational ecotypes of polyploid Himalayan snowtrout
Creators: name: Chafin, Tyler K.
name: Regmi, Binod
name: Douglas, Marlis R.
name: Edds, David R.
name: Wangchuk, Karma
name: Dorji, Sonam
name: Norbu, Pema
name: Norbu, Sangay
name: Changlu, Changlu
name: Khanal, Gopal Prasad
name: Tshering, Singye
name: Douglas, Michael E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: The recurrence of similar evolutionary patterns within different habitats often reflects parallel selective pressures acting upon either standing or independently occurring genetic variation to produce a convergence of phenotypes. This interpretation (i.e. parallel divergences within adjacent streams) has been hypothesized for drainage-specific morphological ‘ecotypes’ observed in polyploid snowtrout (Cyprinidae: Schizothorax). However, parallel patterns of differential introgression during secondary contact are a viable alternative hypothesis. Here, we used ddRADseq (N = 35 319 de-novo and N = 10 884 transcriptome-aligned SNPs), as derived from Nepali/Bhutanese samples (N = 48 each), to test these competing hypotheses. We first employed genome-wide allelic depths to derive appropriate ploidy models, then a Bayesian approach to yield genotypes statistically consistent under the inferred expectations. Elevational ‘ecotypes’ were consistent in geometric morphometric space, but with phylogenetic relationships at the drainage level, sustaining a hypothesis of independent emergence. However, partitioned analyses of phylogeny and admixture identified subsets of loci under selection that retained genealogical concordance with morphology, suggesting instead that apparent patterns of morphological/phylogenetic discordance are driven by widespread genomic homogenization. Here, admixture occurring in secondary contact effectively ‘masks’ previous isolation. Our results underscore two salient factors: (i) morphological adaptations are retained despite hybridization and (ii) the degree of admixture varies across tributaries, presumably concomitant with underlying environmental or anthropogenic factors.
Shear-driven magnetic buoyancy oscillations
Creators: name: Vermersch, Violaine
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of uniform horizontal shear on a stably stratified layer of gas is studied. The system is initially destabilized by a magnetically buoyant flux tube pointing in the cross-stream direction. The shear amplifies the initial field to Lundquist numbers of about 200-400, but then its value drops to about 100-300, depending on the value of the sub-adiabatic gradient. The larger values correspond to cases where the stratification is strongly stable and nearly isothermal. At the end of the runs the magnetic field is nearly axisymmetric, i.e. uniform in the streamwise direction. In view of Cowling's theorem the sustainment of the field remains a puzzle and may be due to subtle numerical effects that have not yet been identified in detail. In the final state the strength of the magnetic field decreases with height in such a way that the field is expected to be unstable. Low amplitude oscillations are seen in the vertical velocity even at late times, suggesting that they might be persistent.
description: 10 pages, 16 figures
Reaching Out – And Back
Creators: name: Hemann, Patricia A.
name: Morgenstern-Clarren, Pat E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: Like many good ideas, the Women’s Leadership Lecture Series was born out of both creativity and desperation. Our story takes place in 1990 when we were partners in a large law firm-but we must first back up to the early 1980s. In our experience, that time heralded the end of “law as a noble profession” and the beginning of the era of “law as a business.” Law firms started to grow rapidly. For the first time, a significant part of that growth came from persuading lawyers to move from one firm to another. The lawyers sought out for those transfers were the ones with a book of business. Financial rewards, which had always been based on the number of years of service to the firm, now followed those who had their own clients. The notion that firms were loyal to their partners, associates, and staff, and vice versa, began to unravel. And as it unraveled, it became imperative to have one’s own clients. Our firm was not immune to this change. The idea that it was enough to be a good lawyer, that business and success would follow, was lost. The impact was felt by all, but particularly by the women lawyers. Traditionally, when all large law firm lawyers were men, the older lawyers taught their male protégés how to bring in and maintain business by a process akin to osmosis. They took them to lunch, to visit clients, to court, to charitable events, and to play golf. They arranged for them to be appointed to boards of trustees where valuable contacts were made. In short, they created relationships that were strong and longstanding so that when the older lawyer retired, the younger man stepped effortlessly into his shoes and into the client billings. This system historically worked well for both the firms and the lawyers, but it fell apart when women came into law firms in large numbers.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)
Infants’ neural responses to sociomoral scenarios via EEG
Creators: name: Soleimani, Zohreh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: A growing body of research has shown that preverbal infants prefer prosocial to antisocial characters, suggesting that the ability to sociomorally evaluate others is early emerging. However, some argue that infants’ responses within these studies reflect low-level perceptual processes rather than social understanding of the events. Using electroencephalography (EEG), the purpose of this research was to address this alternative explanation by examining 1) specific neural signatures that have been associated with social (indexing by P400 and N290 ERP components) versus lower-level attentional processing (indexing by Nc ERP component) and 2) motivational processes involved in infants’ prosocial preferences (indexing by frontal alpha asymmetry for approach/avoidance motivation). Thirty-six 6-month-old infants watched a helping/hindering scenario, in which a character tries but fails to open a box, then is alternatively helped or hindered in opening the box lid. Infants showed greater amplitudes in the P400 component as well as greater N290 component over the right hemisphere channels to hinderers versus helpers (indexing social perception); in contrast, no significant differences were observed for the Nc component (indexing attentional allocation). No motivational processes were observed when infants viewed helping versus hindering videos. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the presence of social processes in infants’ responses to sociomoral actors, suggesting that infants’ responses to sociomoral events are unlikely to be attributable to attentional differences.
Excerpt from Remarks Given at the International Women’s Forum Lunch
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2000

description: Turning from advice, I would like to devote the remainder of my brief time with you to an account of what it means to me to be–as I am often billed, and as indeed I am, and as I expect all people here are-a feminist. I had the good fortune to be alive and a lawyer in the late 1960s when, for the first time in history, it became possible to urge before courts, successfully, that society would benefit enormously if women were regarded as persons equal in stature to men. In my college years, 1950- 1954, it was widely thought that women were not suited for many of life’s occupations-lawyering and bartending, banking and brokering, military service, foreign service, piloting planes, jury service, tenured positions at universities, to take just a few of many examples that now seem ancient. So much has changed for the good since then. But there are still too many people who regard feminism with suspicion, people who are discomforted by the very word, even people who call it (friends in Oklahoma told me) the “F” word.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2000)