Indoseges Choudhury & Siliwal & Das & Giroti 2021, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sudhir Ranjan
name: Siliwal, Manju
name: Das, Sanjay Keshari
name: Giroti, André Marsola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Segestriidae
Indoseges

description: Indoseges gen. nov. Siliwal, Das, Choudhury & Giroti
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4A00F387-0EBB-4B58-A2DA-66056B230B2F
Diagnosis: Indoseges gen. nov. resembles Ariadninae genera, but differs from Segestriinae genera Gippsicola Hogg, 1900 and Segestria Latreille, 1804 by having labium narrowed distally (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B), posterior eyes in a straight line or slightly recurved (Fig. 1 D, 4 D, 6 D, 9 D, 11 D, 13 D, 15 C), lateral basal transverse ridge present on chelicerae, and chelicerae with three promarginal and one retromarginal teeth (Fig. 6 E, 11 E, 13 E, 15 D) (Beatty, 1970; Grismado, 2008; Ramírez, 2014; Giroti & Brescovit, 2015,2017,2018; Marsh et al. 2018; Fomichev & Marusik, 2020). Among Ariadninae, it differs from both Ariadna and Citharoceps by having: male tarsi I–II incrassate and with ventral scopulae (Fig. 2 F,G), presence of 4–5 ventral spines on metatarsi Iof males, and female femur I–II with one macrosetae. Additional characters that separates it from Ariadna: labrum as long as labium and distally with a row of dorsal median microsetae (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B), but in Ariadna labrum longer than the labium and without dorsal median microsetae; males lack apophysis on metatarsi I (Fig. 2 A,B), but in Ariadna apophysis may or may not present on metatarsi Iof males; males with a cluster of stridulatory macrosetae on femur I, which could be on tubercle-like apophysis (Fig. 2 A–D, 7 A–C), but in Ariadna a cluster of stridulatory macrosetae may or may not present on femur Iof males and apophysis absent; female palp tarsi with more than ten macrosetae (Fig. 4 F, 9 F, 11 G, 13 G, 15 E), but in Ariadna number of macrosetae five or more; and presence of conspicuous median flap in female genitalia (Fig. 5 C,E, 10 C,E, 12 B,D, 14 B,D, 16 B,D), but absent in Ariadna. Additional characters that separates it from Citharoceps: stridulatory apparatus in the cephalic area absent, but present in Citharoceps; a stridulatory thorn in the prolateral region of femur I absent, but present in Citharoceps; presence of tubular invaginations on posterior receptaculum in females (Fig. 5 B–E, 10 B–E, 12 A–C, 14 A–C, 16 A–D), but absent in Citharoceps; and labium-sternum junction length is greater than the endite-sternum junction; but in Citharoceps labium-sternum junction is equal or smaller than the length of endite-sternum junction (Beatty, 1970; Grismado, 2008; Ramírez, 2014; Giroti & Brescovit, 2015, 2018; Siliwal et al. 2017; Marsh et al. 2018).
Description (Fig. 1–17): Colouration: Spider in life blackish-brown with glossy integument (17 A,B), overall males darker than females. In ethanol, carapace greenish-brown (thoracic area) to brownish-black (cephalic area) (Fig. 1 A, 4 A, 6 A, 9 A, 11 A, 13 A, 15 A); median eyes translucent and lateral eyes pale, all eyes with black rim (Fig. 4 D, 6D, 9D); legs and palp orangish-green except brownish-black femora and greenish-brown tibia, few small black patches on patella and tibia (Fig. 1 A, 3, 4 A, 6 A, 8, 11 A, 13 A, 15 A), ventrally pale greenish-brown (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B); abdomen dorsally greyish-brown with few pale patches (Fig. 1 A, 4 A, 6 A, 9 A, 11 A, 13 A, 15 A), ventrally pale greyish mottled with pale dots or without any pattern, two orange spots and black patches on epigastric area (Fig. 5 A, 10 A); labium orangish-brown, lighter anteriorly (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B); endites orangish-brown except for white proximal end (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B); sternum orangish-brown with faint black patches laterally and medially (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B); chelicerae brownish-black (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B). Morphometry and setae (male, female): Total length 6.82–7.50 (5.09–12.80), carapace 3.32–3.89 long, 2.09–2.58 wide (2.48–4.89 long, 0.99–2.82 wide), abdomen 3.50–3.83 long, 2.00–2.31 wide (2.61–8.58 long, 1.67–4.33 wide). Carapace: longer than broad, narrowed anteriorly; cephalic area higher than thoracic area; integument rough, covered with long and short brown hairs; caput slightly raised; thoracic fovea indistinct (Fig. 1 A, 4 A, 6 A, 9 A, 11 A, 13 A, 15 A). Eyes: six, grouped in three pairs, anterior median eyes absent, lateral eyes placed on a single tubercle, posterior row straight or slightly recurved (Fig. 1 D, 4 D, 6 D, 9 D, 11 D, 13 D, 15 C). Chelicerae: conical with rough integument due to files or hairs; having distinct retrolateral basal transverse ridge; covered with stiff hairs with tuberculated base except for posterior and basal lateral sides; prominent depression on the posterior distal region to fit distal part of endites; fangs short, shaft with an internal serrula and about 2.5 times longer than wide, with three promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth (Fig. 6 E, 11 E, 13 E, 15 D). Labium: longer than wide, narrowed down in anterior one-third, separated from sternum by partially membranous suture, covered with few long and short black hairs (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B). Labrum: well developed and is about length of the labium (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B), distal end having a row of median microsetae. Endites: broader at the base, narrowed medially and rounded proximally, covered with long black hairs (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B), dorso-distally depressed to fit cheliceral distal end, serrula with a single row of fine minute teeth forming a ridge-like structure. Sternum: longer than wide, margins with precoxal triangles, concave anteriorly, rebordered and not fused with carapace or pedicel, covered with long black hairs (Fig. 1 B, 4 B, 6 B, 9 B, 11 B, 13 B, 15 B). Abdomen: longer than wide, uniformly hairy (Fig. 1 A, 4 A, 6 A, 9 A, 11 A, 13 A, 15 A), coated with short setae, and scattered long setae among them; book lung and tracheal opening weakly sclerotized (Fig. 5 A, 10 A). Spinnerets: three pairs, covered with brown hairs; anterior lateral spinnerets with three segments, the basal segment crossed by a diagonal membranous stripe, colulus distinct, short and covered with long hairs (Fig. 1 C, 4 C, 6 C, 9 C, 11 C, 13 C). Legs: robust, prograde, with third pair directed forward; each leg with three tarsal claws, two paired claws with long dentitions (Fig. 4 E, 9 E, 11 F, 13 F), teeth largest on leg I, unpaired claw with one small tooth (Fig. 4 E, 9 E, 11 F, 13 F), true claw tufts absent; leg pairs I–II with more setae and macrosetae than pairs III–IV; metatarsi and tarsi IV with ventral brush of thickened and serrated setae and metatarsi IV with preening comb on distal ventro or ventro-retrolateral (Fig.7 D); trichoboth- ria on dorsal subdistal region of metatarsi I–IV and dorsal basal half of tibia I–IV; male tarsi I–II incrassate and with ventral scopulae or tenant setae (Fig. 2 F,G); in males femur, tibiae and metatarsi of all legs with macrosetae; male metatarsi Ilacks any apophysis (Fig. 2 A,B) and with thorn-like or cuspule-like macrosetae on ventral side of distal half; males with or without distinct pointed basal tibial apophysis on prolateral side of tibiae I (Fig. 2 A–C, Fig. 7 A–C), male tibiae Ialso with a row of short macrosetae on retrolateral side or ventro-retrolateral side (Fig. 2 B, 7 A); males with a cluster of stridulatory macrosetae on femur I, that could be on tubercle-like apophysis (Fig. 2 A–D, 7 A–C); in females tarsi I–II with ventro-prolateral lines of thickened tactile setae, interspersed with lines of chemosensory setae; females tibiae and metatarsi of all legs with macrosetae, but only ventro-prolateral, ventroretrolateral, and sometimes prolateral and retrolateral; female femur I–II with one macroseta. Leg formula in male 1243 or 2143 and female 1243 or 1423. Palp: tibiae of male palp incrassate/swollen basally slightly to distinctly, longer than cymbium, with one dorsal trichobothrium and without any macrosetae; cymbium with distal notch dividing it into two unequal short processes, prolateral portion slightly longer than retrolateral one and without any scopulae or sensory setae; bulb pear-shaped, abruptly narrowed in mid-portion between bulb and embolus, embolus long, tubular, tapers and gradually bends dorsally, twists at the base 90° or 110° along with distal bulb and spatulated distally with an embolic opening on one side; spermatic duct broad, emerging at the base of bulb, coiling gradually towards mid-portion and enters embolus (Fig. 3 A–D, 8 A–D); female palp short and robust, with one smooth claw, turned inward almost 90°; macrosetae present on prolateral sides of tibiae and tarsi, tarsi with more than ten macrosetae (Fig. 4 F, 9 F, 11 G, 13 G, 15 E); tibiae with a single dorsal trichobothrium. Female genitalia: epigynal plate distinct and sclerotized; internal genitalia composed by anterior receptaculum, uterus externus, interpulmonary fold and posterior receptaculum; anterior receptaculum divided into dorsal and ventral lobe; dorsal lobe small, weakly sclerotized and transparent; ventral lobe strongly sclerotized and with multiple elongated entapophyses; glandular duct plate sclerotized and located in central area at the junction of both lobes; uterus externus indistinct or weakly sclerotized and transparent; interpulmonary fold strongly sclerotized forming a median flap; posterior receptaculum sac-like or shape variable, and with small tubular invaginations (Fig. 5 A–E, 10 A–E, 12 A–D, 14 A–D, 16 A–D).
Etymology: The name is a combination of two words, ‘Indo’ and ‘seges’, Indo, relates to India from where the new genus is discovered and seges, refers to ‘Segestriidae’, the family name to which the new genus belongs.
Type species: Indoseges malkangiri sp. nov., based on male and female specimens deposited at Indraprastha University Museum (IPUM), New Delhi.
Distribution: Odisha, India
description: Published as part of Choudhury, Sudhir Ranjan, Siliwal, Manju, Das, Sanjay Keshari & Giroti, André Marsola, 2021, Description of a new genus and five new species of tube-dwelling spider family Segestriidae (Araneae: Synspermiata) from Odisha, India, pp. 91-114 in Zootaxa 4963 (1) on pages 92-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4719875