cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey IX. Detection of Haze, Na, K, and Li in the super-Neptune WASP-127b
Creators: name: Chen, G.
name: Palle, E.
name: Welbanks, L.
name: Prieto-Arranz, J.
name: Madhusudhan, N.
name: Gandhi, S.
name: Casasayas-Barris, N.
name: Murgas, F.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Crouzet, N.
name: Parviainen, H.
name: Gandolfi, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets with relatively clear atmospheres are prime targets for detailed studies of chemical compositions and abundances in their atmospheres. Alkali metals have long been suggested to exhibit broad wings due to pressure broadening, but most of the alkali detections only show very narrow absorption cores, probably because of the presence of clouds. We report the strong detection of the pressure-broadened spectral profiles of Na, K, and Li absorption in the atmosphere of the super-Neptune WASP-127b, at 4.1$σ$, 5.0$σ$, and 3.4$σ$, respectively. We performed a spectral retrieval modeling on the high-quality optical transmission spectrum newly acquired with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), in combination with the re-analyzed optical transmission spectrum obtained with the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT). By assuming a patchy cloudy model, we retrieved the abundances of Na, K, and Li, which are super-solar at 3.7$σ$ for K and 5.1$σ$ for Li (and only 1.8$σ$ for Na). We constrained the presence of haze coverage to be around 52%. We also found a hint of water absorption, but cannot constrain it with the global retrieval owing to larger uncertainties in the probed wavelengths. WASP-127b will be extremely valuable for atmospheric characterization in the era of James Webb Space Telescope.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A on May 18, 2018
Understanding, characterising and modelling the interactions between synthetic genetic circuits and their host chassis
Creators: name: Algar, Rhys James Richmond
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Characterisation and understanding of genetic components is a key part of both synthetic biology and systems biology. Quantitative knowledge of how DNA parts encode function allows parts to be predictably constructed into synthetic gene circuits. Less understood is how the expression of a synthetic gene circuit can have a detrimental effect on its host cell (the chassis) and how these effects can feed back to the behaviour of the circuit. In this thesis, we investigate how synthetic circuits use cellular resources (e.g. DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, ribosomes, tRNA, etc.) to replicate and express and we quantify these effects and model gene expression in a way that accounts for this. This is done by considering this shared 'resource pool' as an interface between the host cell and the synthetic circuit. Through genetic engineering and synthetic biology, we have created a system that monitors the availability of shared resources in E. coli, thus enabling the quantification of the burden a synthetic circuit places on the cell's resources. We then measure the burden of a combinatorial library of different designs to examine how different genetic components influence the magnitude of burden. This is accompanied by a mathematical model. Through this method we work towards a system that will enable the prediction of how to optimise the design of a synthetic circuit with regards to its output and the levels of burden it places on a cell.
title: Programme de la conférence du projet amorce Espaces, limite, identites, ATRI 1
Creators: name: TELEMME (UMR 7303)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Programme de la conférence du projet amorce Espaces, limite, identites, ATRI 1, du 2 et 3 octobre 2014
description: Relation: http://labexmed.hypotheses.org/831
MOESM1 of Dual Targeting of mTOR Activity with Torin2 Potentiates Anticancer Effects of Cisplatin in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Creators: name: Hussain, Azhar
name: Al-Romaizan, Maha
name: Maqbool Ahmed
name: Saravanan Thangavel
name: Al-Dayel, Fouad
name: Shaham Beg
name: Uddin, Shahab
name: Siraj, Abdul
name: Khawla Al-Kuraya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary material, approximately 2140 KB.
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0105
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0105, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0105, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Exact BRS Symmetry realized on the Renormalization Group Flow
Creators: name: Igarashi, Yuji
name: Itoh, Katsumi
name: So, Hiroto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the average action defined with a continuum analog of the block spin transformation, we show the presence of gauge symmetry along the Wilsonian renormalization group flow. As a reflection of the gauge symmetry, the average action satisfies the quantum master equation(QME). We show that the quantum part of the master equation is naturally understood once the measure contribution under the BRS transformation is taken into account. Furthermore an effective BRS transformation acting on macroscopic fields may be defined from the QME. The average action is explicitly evaluated in terms of the saddle point approximation up to one-loop order. It is confirmed that the action satisfies the QME and the flow equation.
description: Latex, 15 pages
Long-term BVRI photometric light curves of 15 PMS stars in the IC 5070 star-forming region
Creators: name: Ibryamov, Sunay
name: Semkov, Evgeni
name: Milanov, Teodor
name: Peneva, Stoyanka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports the results from the multicolor photometric observations of 15 pre-main sequence stars collected in the period 2010 September - 2017 October. The stars from our study are located in the star-forming HII region IC 5070. These objects were previously detected as either emission line stars, flare stars, T Tauri variables or Herbig Ae/Be stars. Photometric observations, especially concerning the long-term behavior of the objects are missing in the literature. We present the first photometric monitoring for all stars from our study. The analysis of the obtained BVRI photometric data allows to draw a conclusion that all investigated objects are variable stars. In the case of LkHa 146 we identified previously unknown periodicity in its photometric variability.
description: Accepted for publications in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
Uncertainty quantification for problems in radionuclide transport
Creators: name: Hagues, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: The field of radionuclide transport has long recognised the stochastic nature of the problems encountered. Many parameters that are used in computational models are very difficult, if not impossible, to measure with any great degree of confidence. For example, bedrock properties can only be measured at a few discrete points, the properties between these points may be inferred or estimated using experiments but it is difficult to achieve any high levels of confidence. This is a major problem when many countries around the world are considering deep geologic repositories as a disposal option for long-lived nuclear waste but require a high degree of confidence that any release of radioactive material will not pose a risk to future populations. In this thesis we apply Polynomial Chaos methods to a model of the biosphere that is similar to those used to assess exposure pathways for humans and associated dose rates by many countries worldwide. We also apply the Spectral-Stochastic Finite Element Method to the problem of contaminated fluid flow in a porous medium. For this problem we use the Multi-Element generalized Polynomial Chaos method to discretise the random dimensions in a manner similar to the well known Finite Element Method. The stochastic discretisation is then refined adaptively to mitigate the build up errors over the solution times. It was found that these methods have the potential to provide much improved estimates for radionuclide transport problems. However, further development is needed in order to obtain the necessary efficiency that would be required to solve industrial problems.
Additional file 5: of Pediatric asthma comprises different phenotypic clusters with unique nasal microbiotas
Creators: name: PĂŠrez-Losada, Marcos
name: Authelet, Kayla
name: Hoptay, Claire
name: Kwak, Christine
name: Crandall, Keith
name: Freishtat, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S3. Principal coordinates analyses of unweighted and weighted UniFrac, Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distances among microbiotas from children and adolescents belonging to three asthma phenotypic clusters (APCs). (PDF 1160 kb)
Towards Fully Quantitative Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy with High Spatial Resolution
Creators: name: Boswell, Harriet Claire
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is an analytical microscopy technique which measures the energy lost by electrons that have been inelastically scattered as they interact with a thin sample. It yields information on composition and electronic structure but quantification of this information is challenging due to the large dynamic range of the output spectra. Electrons which have lost zero (or very small amounts) of energy saturate the EELS detector whilst inelastically scattered electrons are often hidden in the background spectral noise. An electrostatic fast beam switch (FBS) uses rapid beam blanking to avoid saturation of the detector and allows sequential acquisition of the two signals with an adequate signal to noise ratio. More importantly, the FBS uses the same optical conditions for both types of signal which is essential for quantification studies. Scott et al. [1] showed that full quantification of EELS is possible on a 200kV transmission electron microscope (TEM) using a FBS. In the current research project a modified FBS system has been implemented on a 300kV Titan scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The aim of this research is to use recognised quantification techniques to obtain the absolute concentration of atoms in the sample and to investigate the achievable spatial resolution for fully quantitative EELS. The FBS was tested on two systems: an Al / Al2O3 sample and a BaTiO3 / CoFe2O4 interface. Good agreement was achieved between the measured atomic concentrations and their literature values for Al, Ba and Ti. The other elements experienced problems relating to the mean free path and cross-section calculations. The highest spatial resolution achieved in these experiments was 0.6nm. This can be increased further by reducing the electron probe size but other factors, such as electron beam broadening in the sample and delocalisation of the inelastic signal cause the spatial resolution to decrease.
Recovery of the Cosmological Peculiar Velocity from the Density Field in the Weakly Nonlinear Regime
Creators: name: Chodorowski, Michal
name: Lokas, Ewa
name: Pollo, Agnieszka
name: Nusser, Adi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using third-order perturbation theory, we derive a relation between the mean divergence of the peculiar velocity given density and the density itself. Our calculations assume Gaussian initial conditions and are valid for Gaussian filtering of the evolved density and velocity fields. The mean velocity divergence turns out to be a third-order polynomial in the density contrast. We test the power spectrum dependence of the coefficients of the polynomial for scale-free and standard CDM spectra and find it rather weak. Over scales larger than about 5 megaparsecs, the scatter in the relation is small compared to that introduced by random errors in the observed density and velocity fields. The relation can be useful for recovering the peculiar velocity from the associated density field, and also for non-linear analyses of the anisotropies of structure in redshift surveys.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, uses mn.sty and epsf.tex, slightly amended abstract and summary, accepted for publication in MNRAS
MOESM1 of Humanin Derivatives Inhibit Necrotic Cell Death in Neurons
Creators: name: Cohen, Aviv
name: Lerner-Yardeni, Jenny
name: Meridor, David
name: Kasher, Roni
name: Nathan, Ilana
name: Parola, Abraham
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary material, approximately 238 KB.
Mode dependent field renormalization and triviality
Creators: name: Tarrach, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically analyze the introduction of an independent zero momentum mode field renormalization for Phi4. It leads to an infrared divergent effective action. It does not achieve its purpose: triviality still gives massless particles in the broken phase in the continuum limit. It leads to an effective potential which is not the low energy limit of the effective action.
description: 14 pages, no figures, TeX file
Fluctuation theory in space and time: white noise in reaction-diffusion models of morphogenesis
Creators: name: Belousov, Roman
name: Jacobo, Adrian
name: Hudspeth, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precision of reaction-diffusion models for mesoscopic physical systems is limited by fluctuations. To account for this uncertainty, Van Kampen derived a stochastic Langevin-like reaction-diffusion equation that incorporates spatio-temporal white noise. The resulting solutions, however, have infinite standard deviation. Ad hoc modifications that address this issue by introducing microscopic correlations are inconvenient in many physical contexts of wide interest. We instead estimate the magnitude of fluctuations by coarse-graining solutions of the Van Kampen equation at a relevant mesoscopic scale. The ensuing theory yields fluctuations of finite magnitude. Our approach is demonstrated for a specific biophysical model--the encoding of positional information. We discuss the properties of the fluctuations and the role played by the macroscopic parameters of the underlying reaction-diffusion model. The analysis and numerical methods developed here can be applied in physical problems to predict the magnitude of fluctuations. This general approach can also be extended to other classes of dynamical systems that are described by partial differential equations.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Material Solubility in, and Rapid Synthesis of, Ionic Liquids as a Step Towards Efficient Value Recovery from Waste
Creators: name: Gooding, Anna Claire
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Recovery of metal values from metal-containing wastes and low-grade ores is important in reducing consumption of metals from primary sources. The potential for ionic liquids (ILs) to be used to recover valuable constituents from waste by selectively dissolving target materials and then recovering them from the IL prior to regeneration and use of the IL in further extraction is demonstrated. A literature review shows the different types of ILs, their syntheses and applications as solvents in extraction procedures. The use of rapid synthesis methods (particularly, open- and closed-vessel microwave-assisted methods) to prepare ILs, of suitable purity for extracting value from wastes and low-grade ores, is described, with the benefits of more rapid synthesis, more efficient reagent conversion, higher purity product, reduced loss of starting materials and less use of volatile organic solvents, all of which contribute to a more environmentally-sound synthesis methodology. The solubilities of a range of metals and metal compounds, in the prepared ILs, show selective dissolution of metals can be achieved with the recovery of these metals, from IL solution also being reported. Testing the use of ILs as solvents to recover metals from alkali battery black mass waste and the mineral, malachite, as model systems, was studied, with recovery of zinc and manganese from the battery waste being achieved using HBetNTf2 and recovery of copper, from malachite, using protomimBr and protomimCl. Crystals have been isolated from solutions of Zn, ZnO, ZnS, CuO, CoCl2, Mn and MnO2 in protomimBr and their crystal structures determined, which show that complex formation between components of the IL and the metal ions provides the mechanism for the dissolution of metals from solids into the ILs. The complex formation can, however, involve either the nitrogen atom of the imidazolium-IL cation (for zinc, copper and manganese) or the IL halide anion (for cobalt).
Additional file 1: of Computational analysis of the interactions of a novel cephalosporin derivative with β-lactamases
Creators: name: Verdino, Anna
name: Zollo, Felicia
name: Rosa, Margherita De
name: Soriente, Annunziata
name: Hernández-Martínez, Miguel
name: Marabotti, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Table S1. List of the interactions between 7-ACA derivative, ceftriaxone and the residues in the binding pocket of the different TEM-1 β-lactamases from E. coli. In this table are reported for each protein the interactions of the representative pose(s) reported in Table 2. Table S2. List of the interactions between 7-ACA derivative, ceftriaxone and the residues in the binding pocket of the class A β-lactamases different from TEM-1. In this table are reported for each protein the interactions of the representative pose(s) reported in Table 3. Table S3. List of the interactions between 7-ACA derivative, ceftriaxone and the residues in the binding pocket of the class C and D β-lactamases. In this table are reported for each protein the interactions of the representative pose(s) reported in Table 4. Figure S1. Superposition between the representative run obtained by covalent self-docking (red) and the crystallographic structure of the complex (blue) of TEM-1 β-lactamase with penicillin (PDB file; 1FQG). The RMSD calculated on the two structures is 0.072 Å. (DOCX 97 kb)
Oral history interview with Marcus C. Stewart, Sr., 1971
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises
Newspapers--Circulation
Editors
Journalism--Social aspects
Journalists
African Americans--Civil rights
African American press
African American journalists

description: In this interview conducted with Henry La Brie III, Marcus C. Stewart, Sr., discusses the history of the Indianapolis Recorder and the various issues in running the paper. He conceptualizes the successes and the future of the black press, the problems with advertising, and crime reporting, with particular attention to the shifting American racial consciousness. Stewart explains the differences of the black press in the North and in the South. Stewart and La Brie discuss what objectivity means in the context of running a newspaper. Stewart also explains why expanding and catering to a white readership is not a priority for him.
Critical slowing down of multi-atom entanglement by Rydberg blockade
Creators: name: Abad, Tahereh
name: Mølmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser excitation pulses that lead to perfect adiabatic state transfer in an ensemble of three-level ladder atoms lead to highly entangled states of many atoms if their highest excited state is subject to Rydberg blockade. Solution of the Schrödinger equation shows that it is increasingly difficult to ensure the adiabatic evolution as the number of atoms increases. A diminishing energy gap, significant variations in collective observables, and increased work fluctuations link the critical slowing down of the adiabatic evolution with a quantum phase transition-like behavior of the system.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Volumetric Blood Flow and Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of the Developing Brain in Growth Restricted Fetuses: An Ultrasound and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Creators: name: Story, Lisa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Introduction Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common obstetric condition causing significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. A phenomenon known as brain sparing occurs in IUGR fetuses whereby blood is preferentially diverted to supply the developing brain often at the expense of other organs. However, although this supposedly neuroprotective mechanism exists, children that were growth restricted in utero have a higher incidence of long term neurodevelopmental sequelae. This thesis therefore aims to explore the brain redistribution phenomenon in detail by investigating cerebral volume blood flow and the metabolic profile of the IUGR brain using high resolution ultrasound and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy respectively. Methods 150 appropriately grown and 78 IUGR fetuses had volume blood flow assessed longitudinally using high resolution ultrasound and power Doppler in multiple fetal vessels. The metabolic status of the brain was then assessed in 46 appropriately grown and 26 growth restricted fetuses using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Results IUGR fetuses had a generalised increase in vessel diameter in comparison with appropriately grown control fetuses, and when standardised for weight, increased volume blood flow was noted in the middle cerebral, renal, umbilical and carotid arteries and the ascending aorta. No difference in flow was noted in the descending aorta. N-acetylaspartate:Choline and N-acetylaspartate:Creatine ratios were reduced in IUGR fetuses and lactate was present in the developing brains of both appropriately grown and growth restricted fetuses. Conclusions Volume blood flow is significantly altered in IUGR fetuses, likely to be mediated by alterations in vessel diameter. This may be secondary to alterations in circulating vasoactive factors or as a result in alterations of the composition of vessel walls. The metabolic status of the brain tissue is also altered which may in part explain the higher incidence of neurodevelopmental sequelae in some fetuses that were growth restricted in utero.
Imaging Disease-related Protein Aggregates Inside Human Cells Using a Selenium Label
Creators: name: McGuire, Eva Kathleen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: The aberrant folding and subsequent aggregation of proteins into insoluble plaques known as amyloid fibrils is associated with a number of diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The exact role that these aggregates play in the disease mechanisms is not yet well understood, in part due to the difficulties that arise when attempting to visualise the interactions between the carbon-rich protein aggregates and the carbon-rich cells due to a lack of contrast. Traditional strategies to overcome this lack of contrast have involved the use of stains or tags that potentially can be either unreliable or intrusive. In this work we have taken a fragment of the Alzheimer’s-related Aβ peptide and replaced the naturally occurring sulfur that is present in the methionine amino acid with a selenium atom. Human phagocytic cells were exposed to different aggregate species formed from the selenium-labelled Aβ fragment and its selenium-free analogue to examine the toxicity, uptake and distribution of the aggregates. The monomeric protein and the fully aggregated mature amyloid fibrils did not show significant levels of toxicity whereas aggregation species occurring earlier in the aggregation process were found to be highly cytotoxic, in agreement with previous studies on similar species. Cells exposed to the selenium-labelled aggregates were imaged using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), an electron microscopy technique in which only those electrons that are scattered to relatively high angles are used to generate an image. The majority of these electrons have undergone Rutherford scattering, the cross-section of which is dependent on Zn (n ~ 2). HAADF-STEM is therefore highly sensitive to local variations in atomic number. This technique has been used to visualise the selenium-labelled protein aggregates inside cells in two and three dimensions. The uptake and intracellular distributions of toxic and non-toxic aggregate species have been assessed and distinct differences have been observed correlating with the differences in toxicity.
Numerical Analysis of the Reuse of Piled Raft Foundations
Creators: name: Giannopoulos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: This thesis considers the reuse and the optimum design of piled raft foundations using numerical analysis. The solution proposed for reusing foundations is the design of a piled raft foundation capable of supporting successive buildings. A raft foundation, with a limited number of piles located strategically beneath the raft and utilising a high proportion of the ultimate load capacity, is considered the most efficient design when the raft foundation alone provides sufficient load capacity, but at the same time settlements are excessive. This is the case in high plasticity stiff clays such as London Clay. When building on old piles, these piles had to sustain a certain load from the previous structure over a period of time, during which the soil is subjected to the time-related processes of consolidation and creep. A time dependent constitutive model, capable of reproducing several aspects of the time dependent behaviour of soils including creep and isotach viscosity, is employed in the finite element analyses. The model parameters are calibrated with the results of laboratory tests on London Clay, whose time dependent behaviour in its natural state is characterised by isotach viscosity, rate dependent peak strength and rate independent critical state line. Preliminary analyses of single piles indicate that the consolidation processes in the ground result in little gain in capacity in the long term, whereas creep results in increased capacity. A back-analysis of documented piled load tests in London Clay is performed, where the effects of pile installation are quantified. Numerical model calibration is performed with the documented observations of a well instrumented piled raft foundation at Stonebridge Park, London. 3D parametric analyses of piled raft foundations are then performed, in order to assess the appropriate location and dimensions of piles and raft thickness. The performance of piled raft foundations with time is assessed parametrically at different levels of preloading. Optimisation of the performance of the piled raft foundation at Stonebridge Park is attempted by examining several pile arrangements, where a central pile support with a limited number of piles is more cost-effective than the original design.
Solitonic sectors, alpha-induction and symmetry breaking boundaries
Creators: name: Fuchs, J.
name: Schweigert, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a systematic approach to boundary conditions that break bulk symmetries in a general way such that left and right movers are not necessarily connected by an automorphism. In the context of string compactifications, such boundary conditions typically include non-BPS branes. Our formalism is based on two dual fusion rings, one for the bulk and one for the boundary fields. Only in the Cardy case these two structures coincide. In general they are related by a version of alpha-induction. Symmetry breaking boundary conditions correspond to solitonic sectors. In examples, we compute the annulus amplitudes and boundary states.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX2e; v2: typos corrected
Exact Solutions of the SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs Theory
Creators: name: Teh, Rosy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some exact static solutions of the SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory are presented. These solutions satisfy the first order Bogomol'nyi equations, and possess infinite energies. They are axially symmetric and could possibly represent monopoles and an antimonopole sitting on the z-axis.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, to be presented in the "30th International Conference on High Energy Physics, 27 July - 2 August 2000, Osaka, Japan
Oral history interview with Marcus G. Langseth 1996
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019

description: Childhood: born Lebanon, New Jersey, son of civil engineer, early education in Tennessee, New York; Waynesburg College: B. S., geology, 1950-1954; Columbia University: M. S., geology, 1954-1956, PH.D., geology, 1965; association with Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory [LDEO]: seismological research at sea aboard Vema as chief scientist, collaboration with Spanish geophysicists, development of seismological instrumentation, publication of papers on sea-floor spreading, funding and voyages of LDEO sea-going vessels; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA]: heat flow research for Apollo missions, recovery of Apollo 13; reminiscences of colleagues.
Dissecting out the mechanisms of hypoxia-dependent responses in rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Muz, Barbara
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. One of the well-described features in RA is hypoxia. It has been shown that both RA synovial fluid and synovial tissue are characterised by insufficient amount of oxygen. Abnormality in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression is a marker of decreased oxygen tension in RA and in other pathological conditions. HIFs, together with the proteins which regulate their stabilisation and transactivation, namely prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes and factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), were the main focus of this thesis. The first aim of the study was to investigate the specific roles of HIF isoforms in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which are the key cells in RA pathogenesis. Expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α and a panel of genes involved in angiogenesis (ANGPTL-4, ephrin-A3, VEGF), glycolysis (GLUT-1, ENO-1), pH regulation (CA9) and apoptosis (BNIP-3) were significantly increased by hypoxia. Successful silencing of both HIFs using short interfering RNA (siRNA) was achieved in RA FLS, and was followed by examination of the HIF-dependence of the candidate genes. The majority of these genes were found to be HIF-1α- dependent, whereas only ANGPTL-4 and VEGF were regulated by both HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Subsequently, the mRNA and protein expression of PHDs and FIH-1 in RA FLS, their response to hypoxic conditions and their HIF-dependence were examined. Specific knockdown of the hydroxylases was performed and the effects on HIFs and genes of interest were assessed. The most significant changes were noticed after silencing PHD-2, which led to HIF-α stabilisation and upregulation of HIF-dependent genes. In addition, PHD-2 depletion increased a number of pro-angiogenic genes and also contributed to new tubule formation in a functional angiogenesis assay. Comparison of RA, osteoarthritis (OA) FLS and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) revealed that PHD-2 has similar functions in promoting neovascularisation in arthritic cells (RA and OA), but not in non-arthritic cells (NHDF). Finally, the last chapter describes preliminary data on the expression of the least investigated HIF-3α subunit and its negative splice variant, HIF-3α4, in RA FLS. This research contributes to a better understanding of the upstream and downstream regulation of HIF signalling in RA, showing that PHD-2 has a key role in regulating hypoxic responses via HIFs in RA FLS. Because this pathway controls the expression of so many genes relevant to the disease, it may be an important target for RA therapy. One of the most critical challenges would be to target the correct HIF/PHDs molecule in the right tissue/cell, ensuring that it will not affect angiogenesis in healthy tissues.
Optical and X-ray Spectroscopy of 1E 0449.4-1823: Demise of the original type 2 QSO
Creators: name: Halpern, Jules P.
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Forster, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New optical spectra of the original narrow-line quasar 1E 0449.4-1823 show that it now has broad emission lines of considerable strength, eliminating it as a "type 2 QSO" candidate. We suggest that the behavior of 1E 0449.4-1823 is the same as that of some Seyfert 1.8 and 1.9 galaxies, in which Goodrich attributed long-term variations of their broad Balmer lines to dynamical motions of obscuring material located in or around the broad-line region. The optical continuum and broad emission-line regions of 1E 0449.4-1823 may still be partly covered in our line of sight, which would explain its large forbidden-line equivalent widths and flat alpha_ox relative to other low-redshift QSOs. Also present are apparent absorption features in the broad Balmer lines and in Mg II, which may be related to the past obscuration and current emergence of the broad-line region. However, it is difficult to distinguish absorption from broad emission-line peaks that are displaced in velocity; we consider the latter a plausible competing interpretation of these peculiar line profiles. An ASCA X-ray spectrum of 1E 0449.4-1823 can be fitted with a power-law of Gamma = 1.63, intrinsic N_H < 9 x 10^20 cm-2, and no Fe Kalpha line emission. Its 2-10 keV luminosity is 6.7 x 10^44 ergs/s. With regard to the still hypothetical type 2 QSOs, we argue that there is little evidence for the existence of any among X-ray selected samples.
description: to appear in ApJ July 1, 1998 (vol. 501). 23 pages including figures. Uses LaTeX macro aasms4.sty
Fine-tuning and the Wilson renormalization group
Creators: name: Bonini, M.
name: Tricarico, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Wilson renormalization group (RG) formulation to solve the fine-tuning procedure needed in renormalization schemes breaking the gauge symmetry. To illustrate this method we systematically compute the non-invariant couplings of the ultraviolet action of the SU(2) pure Yang-Mills theory at one-loop order.
description: 21 pages, Latex epsfig to be published in Nucl.Phys.B
On covariant $κ-$symmetry fixing and the relation betwen the NSR string and the Type II GS superstring
Creators: name: Uvarov, Dmitriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By considering the superembedding equation for the Type II superstring we derive the classical relation between the NSR string and the Type II GS superstring Grassmannian variables. The connection between the actions of these two models is also established. Then introducing the proper twistor-like Lorentz harmonic variables we fix $κ-$symmetry of the GS formulation in the manifestly SO(1,9) Lorentz covariant manner and establish the relation between the gauge-fixed variables of the NSR and the Type II GS models.
description: 16 pages, LaTex; $\kappa-$symmetry fixed twistor-like Lorentz harmonic action for the Type II GS superstring was included, comments, acknowledgements, references were added
The two Ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy NGC 925
Creators: name: Pintore, F.
name: Zampieri, L.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Wolter, A.
name: Rodríguez, G.
name: Israel, G. L.
name: Esposito, P.
name: Paiano, S.
name: Trinchieri, G.
name: Ochner, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 925 ULX-1 and ULX-2 are two ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy NGC 925, at a distance of 8.5 Mpc. For the first time, we analyzed high quality, simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data of both sources. Although at a first glance ULX-1 resembles an intermediate mass black hole candidate (IMBH) because of its high X-ray luminosity ($(2$$-$$4)\times10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$) and its spectral/temporal features, a closer inspection shows that its properties are more similar to those of a typical super-Eddington accreting stellar black hole and we classify it as a `broadened disc' ultraluminous X-ray source. Based on the physical interpretation of this spectral state, we suggest that ULX-1 is seen at small inclination angles, possibly through the evacuated cone of a powerful wind originating in the accretion disc. The spectral classification of ULX-2 is less certain, but we disfavour an IMBH accreting at sub-Eddington rates as none of its spectral/temporal properties can be associated to either the soft or hard state of Galactic accreting black hole binaries.
description: Accepted on MNRAS with very minor comments, 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
The level 2 and 3 modular invariants of SU(n)
Creators: name: Gannon, Terry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explicitly classify all modular invariant partition functions for su(n) at level 2 and 3. Previously, these were known only for level 1. The level 2 exceptionals exist at n=10, 16, and 28; the level 3 exceptionals exist at n=5, 9, and 21. One of these is new, but the others were all anticipated by the "rank-level duality" relating su(n) level k and su(k) level n. The main recent result which this paper rests on is the classification of "ADE_7-type invariants".
description: plain tex, 8 pages
Collisional Disruption of Planetesimals in the Gravity Regime with iSALE Code: Comparison with SPH code for Purely Hydrodynamic Bodies
Creators: name: Suetsugu, Ryo
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
name: Kobayashi, Hiroshi
name: Genda, Hidenori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In most of the previous studies related to collisional disruption of planetesimals in the gravity regime, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations have been used. On the other hand, impact simulations using grid-based hydrodynamic code have not been sufficiently performed. In the present study, we execute impact simulations in the gravity regime using the shock-physics code iSALE, which is a grid-based Eulerian hydrocode. We examine the dependence of the critical specific impact energy Q_RD* on impact conditions for a wide range of specific impact energy (Q_R) from disruptive collisions to erosive collisions, and compare our results with previous studies. We find collision outcomes of the iSALE simulation agree well with those of the SPH simulation. Detailed analysis mainly gives three results. (1) The value of Q_RD* depends on numerical resolution, and is close to convergence with increasing numerical resolution. The difference in converged value of Q_RD* between the iSALE code and the SPH code is within 30%. (2) Ejected mass normalized by total mass (M_ej/M_tot) generally depends on various impact conditions. However, when Q_R is normalized by Q_RD* that is calculated for each impact simulation, M_ej/M_tot can be scaled by Q_R/Q_RD*, and is independent of numerical resolution, impact velocity and target size. (3) This similarity law for Q_R/Q_RD* is confirmed for a wide range of specific impact energy. We also derive a semi-analytic formula for Q_RD* based on the similarity law and the crater scaling law. We find that the semi-analytic formula for the case with a non-porous object is consistent with numerical results.
description: Accepted for publication in Icarus
Additional file 4: of Pediatric asthma comprises different phenotypic clusters with unique nasal microbiotas
Creators: name: PĂŠrez-Losada, Marcos
name: Authelet, Kayla
name: Hoptay, Claire
name: Kwak, Christine
name: Crandall, Keith
name: Freishtat, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S2. Box plots of Shannon, ACE and phylogenetic alpha-diversity of microbiotas from children and adolescents belonging to three asthma phenotypic clusters (APCs). (PDF 1885 kb)
Cubic BN optical gap and intragap optically active defects
Creators: name: Tararan, Anna
name: di Sabatino, Stefano
name: Gatti, Matteo
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Reining, Lucia
name: Tizei, Luiz H. G.
name: Kociak, Mathieu
name: Zobelli, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive study on the optical properties of cubic boron nitride (c-BN) and its optically active defects. Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) within a monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) on the highest-quality crystals available, we demonstrate unequivocally that the optical-gap energy of c-BN slightly exceeds 10 eV. Further theoretical analysis in the framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equation of many-body perturbation theory supports this result. The spatial localization of defect-related emissions has been investigated using nanometric resolved cathodoluminescence (nano-CL) in a STEM. By high-temperature annealing a c-BN powder, we have promoted phase transitions in nanometric domains which have been detected by the appearance of specific hexagonal-phase signatures in both EELS and CL spectra. A high number of intragap optically active centers are known in c-BN, but the literature is rather scattered and hence has been summarized here. For several emission lines we have obtained nano-CL maps which show emission spot sizes as small as few tens of nanometers. Finally, by coupling nano-CL to a Hanbury-Brown-Twiss intensity interferometer, we have addressed individual spots in order to identify the possible presence of single-photon sources. The observed CL bunching effect is compatible with a limited set of single-photon emitters and it permits obtaining emission lifetimes of the order of the nanosecond.
Roles of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in controlling pancreatic islet hormone secretion
Creators: name: Sun, Gao
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Pancreatic islets of Langerhans play an essential role in controlling whole body glucose metabolism by releasing key regulating hormones, such as insulin and glucagon. Defective insulin or glucagon secretion has been implicated in several metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Therefore, intrinsically well-regulated insulin and glucagon release from the islets is key to maintaining glucose homeostasis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an ancient energy (AMP/ATP) sensor and its principal upstream kinase, STK11 (liver kinase B1, LKB1), a tumour suppressor, have been found to regulate glucose metabolism in several peripheral tissues such as the liver, muscle, hypothalamus, and adipose tissue, and are found to be expressed in both pancreatic β and α cells. However, the role of AMPK and LKB1 in pancreatic islets in controlling hormone secretion and thus the whole body glucose metabolism has never been investigated in vivo. In this study, I sought to understand how AMPK and LKB1 modulate insulin and glucagon secretion from pancreatic β and α cells respectively, by deleting AMPK or LKB1 in β cells or α cells in the mouse using the LoxP/Cre system. Deletion of both AMPK α1 and α2 catalytic subunits in islet β cells and certain populations of neuronal cells in the hypothalamus achieved by crossing AMPK α1 whole body knockout and α2 flox'd mice with rat Ins2 promoter (RIP2)-Cre deleter mice, led to severely elevated circulating glucose and diminished insulin secretion in vivo. By contrast, deletion of LKB1, made possible by crossing LKB1 flox'd mice with the same deleter mice, led to an opposite metabolic phenotype. Hind-limb paralysis was also observed, due possibly to an effect on neuronal cell differentiation in the sensory part of the brain. The findings argue against a simple and linear LKB1-AMPK signalling pathway in pancreatic islet β cells. On the other hand, mice lacking LKB1 or AMPK in pancreatic α cells, generated using a preproglucagon promoter (PPG)-Cre deleter strain, showed reduced glucagon secretion both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, LKB1 and AMPK represent two distinct regulators in controlling insulin and glucagon secretion, thus the whole body glucose metabolism. Drugs targeting LKB1 or AMPK, or their respective downstream targets might serve as a promising approach for the treatment of diabetes.