cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of Metabolic Genes in Tumor and Stromal Components of Primary and Metastatic Loci in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Hollingsworth, Michael A.
name: Singh, Pankaj K.
name: Purohit, Vinee
name: Yeh, Jen Jen
name: DiMaio, Dominick
name: Yu, Fang
name: Chaika, Nina V.
name: Johnson, Keith R.
name: Lazenby, Audrey J.
name: Mehla, Kamiya
name: Anderson, Judy M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundPancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a five-year survival rate of 6%. It is characterized by extremely aggressive tumor growth rate and high incidence of metastasis. One of the most common and profound biochemical phenotypes of animal and human cancer cells is their ability to metabolize glucose at high rates, even under aerobic conditions. However, the contribution of metabolic interrelationships between tumor cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment to the progression of cancer is not well understood. We evaluated differential expression of metabolic genes and, hence, metabolic pathways in primary tumor and metastases of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Methods and FindingsWe analyzed the metabolic gene (those involved in glycolysis, tri-carboxylic acid pathway, pentose-phosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism) expression profiles of primary and metastatic lesions from pancreatic cancer patients by gene expression arrays. We observed two principal results: genes that were upregulated in primary and most of the metastatic lesions; and genes that were upregulated only in specific metastatic lesions in a site-specific manner. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of several metabolic gene products confirmed the gene expression patterns at the protein level. The IHC analyses also revealed differential tumor and stromal expression patterns of metabolic enzymes that were correlated with the metastasis sites.ConclusionsHere, we present the first comprehensive studies that establish differential metabolic status of tumor and stromal components and elevation of aerobic glycolysis gene expression in pancreatic cancer.
A spotlike edge state in plane Poiseuille flow
Creators: name: Zammert, Stefan
name: Eckhardt, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the laminar turbulent boundary in plane Poiseuille flow at $Re=1400$ and $2180$ using the technique of edge tracking. For large computational domains the attracting state in the laminar-turbulent boundary is localized in spanwise and streamwise direction and chaotic.
First principles investigation of exchange interactions in quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet CaV2O4
Creators: name: Pchelkina, Z. V.
name: Solovyev, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of orbital degrees of freedom on the exchange interactions in the spin-1 quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet CaV2O4 is systematically studied. For this purpose a realistic low-energy model with the parameters derived from the first-principles calculations is constructed. The exchange interactions are calculated using both the theory of infinitesimal spin rotations near the mean-field ground state and the superexchange model, which provide a consistent description. The obtained behaviour of exchange interactions substantially differs from the previously proposed phenomenological picture based on the magnetic measurements and structural considerations, namely: (i) Despite quasi-one-dimensional character of the crystal structure, consisting of the zigzag chains of edge-sharing VO6 octahedra, the electronic structure is essentially three-dimensional, that leads to finite interactions between the chains; (ii) The exchange interactions along the legs of the chains appear to dominate; and (iii) There is a substantial difference of exchange interactions in two crystallographically inequivalent chains. The combination of these three factors successfully reproduces the behaviour of experimental magnetic susceptibility.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, supplementary material
Differential Gene Expression between African American and European American Colorectal Cancer Patients
Creators: name: Jovov, Biljana
name: Stratford, Jeran K.
name: McCoy, Amber N.
name: Keku, Temitope
name: Yeh, Jen Jen
name: Sigel, Carlie S.
name: Araujo-Perez, Felix
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) is higher in African Americans (AAs) than other ethnic groups in the U. S., but reasons for the disparities are unknown. We performed gene expression profiling of sporadic CRCs from AAs vs. European Americans (EAs) to assess the contribution to CRC disparities. We evaluated the gene expression of 43 AA and 43 EA CRC tumors matched by stage and 40 matching normal colorectal tissues using the Agilent human whole genome 4x44K cDNA arrays. Gene and pathway analyses were performed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), Ten-fold cross validation, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). SAM revealed that 95 genes were differentially expressed between AA and EA patients at a false discovery rate of ≤5%. Using IPA we determined that most prominent disease and pathway associations of differentially expressed genes were related to inflammation and immune response. Ten-fold cross validation demonstrated that following 10 genes can predict ethnicity with an accuracy of 94%: CRYBB2, PSPH, ADAL, VSIG10L, C17orf81, ANKRD36B, ZNF835, ARHGAP6, TRNT1 and WDR8. Expression of these 10 genes was validated by qRT-PCR in an independent test set of 28 patients (10 AA, 18 EA). Our results are the first to implicate differential gene expression in CRC racial disparities and indicate prominent difference in CRC inflammation between AA and EA patients. Differences in susceptibility to inflammation support the existence of distinct tumor microenvironments in these two patient populations.
Health checkup test of the standard cosmological model in view of recent Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies experiments
Creators: name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Giarè, William
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an updated data-analysis comparison of the most recent observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature anisotropies and polarization angular power spectra released by four different experiments: the Planck satellite on one side, and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACTPol) and the South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G), combined with the WMAP satellite 9-years observation data in order to be "Planck-independent" on the other side. We investigate in a systematic way 8 extended cosmological models that differ from the baseline $Λ$CDM case by the inclusion of many different combinations of additional degrees of freedom, with the aim of finding a viable minimal extended model that can bring all the CMB experiments in agreement. Our analysis provides several hints for anomalies in the CMB angular power spectra in tension with the standard cosmological model that persist even in these multi-parameter spaces. This indicates that either significant unaccounted-for systematics in the CMB data are producing biased results or that $Λ$CDM is an incorrect/incomplete description of Nature. We conclude that only future independent high-precision CMB temperature and polarization measurements could provide a definitive answer.
description: 32 pages, 18 figures, 10 tables. V2: updated to match the PRD published version
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--July, 2012 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Image Completion for View Synthesis Using Markov Random Fields and Efficient Belief Propagation
Creators: name: Habigt, Julian
name: Diepold, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: View synthesis is a process for generating novel views from a scene which has been recorded with a 3-D camera setup. It has important applications in 3-D post-production and 2-D to 3-D conversion. However, a central problem in the generation of novel views lies in the handling of disocclusions. Background content, which was occluded in the original view, may become unveiled in the synthesized view. This leads to missing information in the generated view which has to be filled in a visually plausible manner. We present an inpainting algorithm for disocclusion filling in synthesized views based on Markov random fields and efficient belief propagation. We compare the result to two state-of-the-art algorithms and demonstrate a significant improvement in image quality.
description: Published version: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6738439
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--August, 2012 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Differential Pathogenesis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes Involving Sequence Mutations, Copy Number, Chromosomal Instability, and Methylation
Creators: name: Walter, Vonn
name: Parsons, Alden M.
name: Bernard, Philip S.
name: Thorne, Leigh B.
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Funkhouser, William K.
name: Hayward, Michele C.
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Haithcock, Benjamin E.
name: Yin, Xiaoying
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Hayes, D. Neil
name: Wilkerson, Matthew D.
name: Cabanski, Christopher R.
name: Socinski, Mark A.
name: Veeramachaneni, Nirmal K.
name: Zhao, Ni
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LAD) has extreme genetic variation among patients, which is currently not well understood, limiting progress in therapy development and research. LAD intrinsic molecular subtypes are a validated stratification of naturally-occurring gene expression patterns and encompass different functional pathways and patient outcomes. Patients may have incurred different mutations and alterations that led to the different subtypes. We hypothesized that the LAD molecular subtypes co-occur with distinct mutations and alterations in patient tumors.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe LAD molecular subtypes (Bronchioid, Magnoid, and Squamoid) were tested for association with gene mutations and DNA copy number alterations using statistical methods and published cohorts (n = 504). A novel validation (n = 116) cohort was assayed and interrogated to confirm subtype-alteration associations. Gene mutation rates (EGFR, KRAS, STK11, TP53), chromosomal instability, regional copy number, and genomewide DNA methylation were significantly different among tumors of the molecular subtypes. Secondary analyses compared subtypes by integrated alterations and patient outcomes. Tumors having integrated alterations in the same gene associated with the subtypes, e.g. mutation, deletion and underexpression of STK11 with Magnoid, and mutation, amplification, and overexpression of EGFR with Bronchioid. The subtypes also associated with tumors having concurrent mutant genes, such as KRAS-STK11 with Magnoid. Patient overall survival, cisplatin plus vinorelbine therapy response and predicted gefitinib sensitivity were significantly different among the subtypes.Conclusions/ SignificanceThe lung adenocarcinoma intrinsic molecular subtypes co-occur with grossly distinct genomic alterations and with patient therapy response. These results advance the understanding of lung adenocarcinoma etiology and nominate patient subgroups for future evaluation of treatment response.
Does Childhood Diarrhea Influence Cognition Beyond the Diarrhea-Stunting Pathway?
Creators: name: Lamberti, Laura
name: Guerrant, Richard L.
name: Martorell, Reynaldo
name: Adair, Linda
name: Black, Robert E.
name: Fischer Walker, Christa L.
name: Lescano, Andres G.
name: Pinkerton, Relana C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundDiarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity among children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries yet the additional effects and sequelae, such as cognitive impairment associated with diarrhea, have not been quantified.MethodsWe quantified the association between diarrhea prevalence and cognitive outcomes while controlling for linear growth in 4 study populations. Cognition was assessed using different methods across sites and was expressed in standardized units. We built linear regression models for each study with standardized cognitive score as the outcome and diarrhea prevalence as the main predictor variable. We then conducted meta-analyses of the regression coefficients to generate pooled estimates of the association between diarrhea prevalence and cognition whilst controlling for anthropometric status and other covariates.ResultsDiarrhea was not a significant predictor of cognitive score in any site in the regression models or in the meta-analyses (Coefficient = 0.07; 95% CI: −0.1, 0.2). The length for age Z- score was negatively related to cognition in all sites (0.18; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.21), with coefficients remarkably similar across sites (Coefficient Range: 0.168–0.186).ConclusionsWe did not demonstrate an association between diarrhea and cognition with stunting included in the model. The links between diarrhea, stunting, and cognition provide additional rationale for accelerating interventions to reduce diarrhea.
Dominant-Negative Androgen Receptor Inhibition of Intracrine Androgen-Dependent Growth of Castration-Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Kafri, Tal
name: Kantor, Boris
name: Zeithaml, Brian
name: Mohler, James L.
name: Moore, Dominic T.
name: Haack, Karin
name: Li, Xiangping
name: Titus, Mark A.
name: Wilson, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundProstate cancer (CaP) is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in CaP treatment, but CaP recurs despite castrate levels of circulating androgen. Continued expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and its ligands has been linked to castration-recurrent CaP growth.Principal FindingIn this report, the ligand-dependent dominant-negative ARΔ142–337 (ARΔTR) was expressed in castration-recurrent CWR-R1 cell and tumor models to elucidate the role of AR signaling. Expression of ARΔTR decreased CWR-R1 tumor growth in the presence and absence of exogenous testosterone (T) and improved survival in the presence of exogenous T. There was evidence for negative selection of ARΔTR transgene in T-treated mice. Mass spectrometry revealed castration-recurrent CaP dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels sufficient to activate AR and ARΔTR. In the absence of exogenous testosterone, CWR-R1-ARΔTR and control cells exhibited altered androgen profiles that implicated epithelial CaP cells as a source of intratumoral AR ligands.ConclusionThe study provides in vivo evidence that activation of AR signaling by intratumoral AR ligands is required for castration-recurrent CaP growth and that epithelial CaP cells produce sufficient active androgens for CaP recurrence during androgen deprivation therapy. Targeting intracrine T and DHT synthesis should provide a mechanism to inhibit AR and growth of castration-recurrent CaP.
Effects of Trophic Skewing of Species Richness on Ecosystem Functioning in a Diverse Marine Community
Creators: name: Bruno, John F.
name: Reynolds, Pamela L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Widespread overharvesting of top consumers of the world’s ecosystems has “skewed” food webs, in terms of biomass and species richness, towards a generally greater domination at lower trophic levels. This skewing is exacerbated in locations where exotic species are predominantly low-trophic level consumers such as benthic macrophytes, detritivores, and filter feeders. However, in some systems where numerous exotic predators have been added, sometimes purposefully as in many freshwater systems, food webs are skewed in the opposite direction toward consumer dominance. Little is known about how such modifications to food web topology, e.g., changes in the ratio of predator to prey species richness, affect ecosystem functioning. We experimentally measured the effects of trophic skew on production in an estuarine food web by manipulating ratios of species richness across three trophic levels in experimental mesocosms. After 24 days, increasing macroalgal richness promoted both plant biomass and grazer abundance, although the positive effect on plant biomass disappeared in the presence of grazers. The strongest trophic cascade on the experimentally stocked macroalgae emerged in communities with a greater ratio of prey to predator richness (bottom-rich food webs), while stronger cascades on the accumulation of naturally colonizing algae (primarily microalgae with some early successional macroalgae that recruited and grew in the mesocosms) generally emerged in communities with greater predator to prey richness (the more top-rich food webs). These results suggest that trophic skewing of species richness and overall changes in food web topology can influence marine community structure and food web dynamics in complex ways, emphasizing the need for multitrophic approaches to understand the consequences of marine extinctions and invasions.
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--September, 2012 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Simulation and OptQuest Model to improve public hospital emergency department resource al-location
Creators: name: Abidi, Mustufa Haider
name: Rehman, A.U.
name: Usmani, Y.S.
name: Mian, S.H.
name: Alkhalefah, H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Simulation
Emergency Department
Optimization

description: This study has therefore investigated the emergency department of a public hospital to improve its functioning. The goal of this research is to model and simulate an emergency department to minimize patient wait time and also minimize the number of patients leaving the hospital without service. A comprehensive simulation model has been developed using the Arena simulation platform and goal programming is undertaken to do simulation optimization and resources allocation analysis. It is evident that the hospital management should realize that all resources must be prioritized rather than just focusing on one or two. For this case, it is observed that, if resources are optimally assigned, the number of patients leaving the system without service drop by 61.7% and there is also substantial drop in waiting time for various types of patients.
Variational problems with percolation: rigid spin systems
Creators: name: Scilla, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35 (Primary), 74Q05, 49J45 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we describe the asymptotic behavior of rigid spin lattice energies by exhibiting a continuous interfacial limit energy as scaling to zero the lattice spacing. The limit is not trivial below a percolation threshold: it can be characterized by two phases separated by an interface. The macroscopic surface tension at this interface is defined through a first-passage percolation formula, related to the chemical distance on the square lattice. We also show a continuity result, that is the homogenization of rigid spin system is a limit case of the elliptic random homogenization.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Efficacy of EGFR Inhibition Is Modulated by Model, Sex, Genetic Background and Diet: Implications for Preclinical Cancer Prevention and Therapy Trials
Creators: name: Rinella, Erica S.
name: Threadgill, David W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Molecule-targeted therapies are being widely developed and deployed, but they are frequently less effective in clinical trials than predicted based upon preclinical studies. Frequently, only a single model or genetic background is utilized using diets that are not relevant to that consumed by most cancer patients, which may contribute to the lack of predictability of many preclinical therapeutic studies. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer was used to investigate potential causes for low predictive values of many preclinical studies. The efficacy of the small molecule EGFR inhibitor AG1478 was evaluated using two mouse models, ApcMin/+ and azoxymethane (AOM), both sexes on three genetic backgrounds, C57BL/6J (B6) and A/J (A) inbred strains and AB6F1 hybrids, and two diets, standard chow (STD) or Western-style diet (WD). AG1478 has significant anti-tumor activity in the B6-ApcMin/+ model with STD but only moderately on the WD and in the AOM model on an A background with a WD but not STD. On the F1 hybrid background AG1478 is effective in the ApcMin/+ model with either STD or WD, but has only moderate efficacy in the AOM model with either diet. Sex differences were also observed. Unexpectedly, the level of liver EGFR phosphorylation inhibition by AG1478 was not positively correlated with inhibition of tumor growth in the AOM model. Model-dependent interactions between genetic background and diet can dramatically impact preclinical results, and indicate that low predictive values of preclinical studies can be attributed to study designs that do not account for the heterogeneous patient population or the diets they consume. Better-designed preclinical studies should lead to more accurate predictions of therapeutic response in the clinic.
Ethanol-Induced Face-Brain Dysmorphology Patterns Are Correlative and Exposure-Stage Dependent
Creators: name: Parnell, Scott E.
name: Budin, Francois
name: Sulik, Kathleen K.
name: Styner, Martin A.
name: Godin, Elizabeth A.
name: Lipinski, Robert J.
name: O’Leary-Moore, Shonagh K.
name: Jiang, Yi
name: Dehart, Deborah B.
name: Oguz, Ipek
name: Ament, Jacob J.
name: Johnson, G. Allan
name: Hammond, Peter
name: Pecevich, Stephen J.
name: Suttie, Michael
name: Everson, Joshua L.
name: Holloway, Hunter T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Prenatal ethanol exposure is the leading preventable cause of congenital mental disability. Whereas a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) requires identification of a specific pattern of craniofacial dysmorphology, most individuals with behavioral and neurological sequelae of heavy prenatal ethanol exposure do not exhibit these defining facial characteristics. Here, a novel integration of MRI and dense surface modeling-based shape analysis was applied to characterize concurrent face-brain phenotypes in C57Bl/6J fetuses exposed to ethanol on gestational day (GD)7 or GD8.5. The facial phenotype resulting from ethanol exposure depended upon stage of insult and was predictive of unique patterns of corresponding brain abnormalities. Ethanol exposure on GD7 produced a constellation of dysmorphic facial features characteristic of human FAS, including severe midfacial hypoplasia, shortening of the palpebral fissures, an elongated upper lip, and deficient philtrum. In contrast, ethanol exposure on GD8.5 caused mild midfacial hypoplasia and palpebral fissure shortening, a shortened upper lip, and a preserved philtrum. These distinct, stage-specific facial phenotypes were associated with unique volumetric and shape abnormalities of the septal region, pituitary, and olfactory bulbs. By demonstrating that early prenatal ethanol exposure can cause more than one temporally-specific pattern of defects, these findings illustrate the need for an expansion of current diagnostic criteria to better capture the full range of facial and brain dysmorphology in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--October, 2012 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--November, 2012 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Evaluation of the Metabochip Genotyping Array in African Americans and Implications for Fine Mapping of GWAS-Identified Loci: The PAGE Study
Creators: name: Wu, Ying
name: Eaton, Charles B.
name: Kang, Hyun Min
name: Dumitrescu, Logan
name: Assimes, Themistocles L.
name: Haessler, Jeffrey
name: Rodriguez, Carlos
name: Mitchell, Sabrina
name: Cheng, Iona
name: Matise, Tara C.
name: Lin, Yi
name: Boerwinkle, Eric
name: Young, Alicia
name: Hindorff, Lucia A.
name: Fesinmeyer, Megan D.
name: Robinson, Jennifer G.
name: Mohlke, Karen L.
name: Kooperberg, Charles
name: Duggan, David
name: Ambite, Jose Luis
name: Voight, Benjamin F.
name: Buyske, Steven
name: Carty, Cara L.
name: Franceschini, Nora
name: Buzkova, Petra
name: Carlson, Chris S.
name: Le Marchand, Loic
name: Haiman, Christopher A.
name: Manolio, Teri A.
name: Cochran, Barbara
name: Jenny, Nancy
name: Schumacher, Fredrick R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The Metabochip is a custom genotyping array designed for replication and fine mapping of metabolic, cardiovascular, and anthropometric trait loci and includes low frequency variation content identified from the 1000 Genomes Project. It has 196,725 SNPs concentrated in 257 genomic regions. We evaluated the Metabochip in 5,863 African Americans; 89% of all SNPs passed rigorous quality control with a call rate of 99.9%. Two examples illustrate the value of fine mapping with the Metabochip in African-ancestry populations. At CELSR2/PSRC1/SORT1, we found the strongest associated SNP for LDL-C to be rs12740374 (p = 3.5×10−11), a SNP indistinguishable from multiple SNPs in European ancestry samples due to high correlation. Its distinct signal supports functional studies elsewhere suggesting a causal role in LDL-C. At CETP we found rs17231520, with risk allele frequency 0.07 in African Americans, to be associated with HDL-C (p = 7.2×10−36). This variant is very rare in Europeans and not tagged in common GWAS arrays, but was identified as associated with HDL-C in African Americans in a single-gene study. Our results, one narrowing the risk interval and the other revealing an associated variant not found in Europeans, demonstrate the advantages of high-density genotyping of common and rare variation for fine mapping of trait loci in African American samples.
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--December, 2012 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Expanding ART for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in South Africa: Estimated Cost and Cost-Effectiveness 2011-2050
Creators: name: Bennett, Rod
name: Garg, Navneet
name: Crowley, Siobhan
name: Williams, Brian G.
name: Jones, Louisa
name: Sabin, Miriam Lewis
name: Makhlouf-Obermeyer, Carla
name: Ying-Ru, Lo
name: Souteyrand, Yves
name: Holmes, Charles B.
name: Korenromp, Eline L.
name: Williams, Phoebe
name: De Filippo Mack, Christina
name: Vitoria, Marco
name: Kutch, Kerry A.
name: Kahn, James G.
name: Serenata, Celicia
name: Granich, Reuben
name: Smyth, Caoimhe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) significantly reduces HIV transmission. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the impact of expanded ART in South Africa.
Exposure to Ozone Modulates Human Airway Protease/Antiprotease Balance Contributing to Increased Influenza A Infection
Creators: name: Jaspers, Ilona
name: Kesic, Matthew J.
name: Bauer, Rebecca
name: Meyer, Megan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Exposure to oxidant air pollution is associated with increased respiratory morbidities and susceptibility to infections. Ozone is a commonly encountered oxidant air pollutant, yet its effects on influenza infections in humans are not known. The greater Mexico City area was the primary site for the spring 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic, which also coincided with high levels of environmental ozone. Proteolytic cleavage of the viral membrane protein hemagglutinin (HA) is essential for influenza virus infectivity. Recent studies suggest that HA cleavage might be cell-associated and facilitated by the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), whose activities are regulated by antiproteases, such as secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Based on these observations, we sought to determine how acute exposure to ozone may modulate cellular protease/antiprotease expression and function, and to define their roles in a viral infection. We utilized our in vitro model of differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (NECs) to determine the effects of ozone on influenza cleavage, entry, and replication. We show that ozone exposure disrupts the protease/antiprotease balance within the airway liquid. We also determined that functional forms of HAT, TMPRSS2, and SLPI are secreted from human airway epithelium, and acute exposure to ozone inversely alters their expression levels. We also show that addition of antioxidants significantly reduces virus replication through the induction of SLPI. In addition, we determined that ozone-induced cleavage of the viral HA protein is not cell-associated and that secreted endogenous proteases are sufficient to activate HA leading to a significant increase in viral replication. Our data indicate that pre-exposure to ozone disrupts the protease/antiprotease balance found in the human airway, leading to increased influenza susceptibility.
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--January, 2013 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Cerberus: A Formal Approach to Secure and Efficient Enclave Memory Sharing
Creators: name: Lee, Dayeol
name: Cheang, Kevin
name: Thomas, Alexander
name: Lu, Catherine
name: Gaddamadugu, Pranav
name: Vahldiek-Oberwagner, Anjo
name: Vij, Mona
name: Song, Dawn
name: Seshia, Sanjit A.
name: Asanović, Krste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hardware enclaves rely on a disjoint memory model, which maps each physical address to an enclave to achieve strong memory isolation. However, this severely limits the performance and programmability of enclave programs. While some prior work proposes enclave memory sharing, it does not provide a formal model or verification of their designs. This paper presents Cerberus, a formal approach to secure and efficient enclave memory sharing. To reduce the burden of formal verification, we compare different sharing models and choose a simple yet powerful sharing model. Based on the sharing model, Cerberus extends an enclave platform such that enclave memory can be made immutable and shareable across multiple enclaves via additional operations. We use incremental verification starting with an existing formal model called the Trusted Abstract Platform (TAP). Using our extended TAP model, we formally verify that Cerberus does not break or weaken the security guarantees of the enclaves despite allowing memory sharing. More specifically, we prove the Secure Remote Execution (SRE) property on our formal model. Finally, the paper shows the feasibility of Cerberus by implementing it in an existing enclave platform, RISC-V Keystone.
description: ACM CCS 2022
A manager's view on large scale XP projects
Creators: name: Rumpe, Bernhard
name: Scholz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: XP is a code oriented, light weight software engineering methodology, suited merely for small sized teams who develop software that relies on vague or rapidly changing requirements. Being very code oriented, the discipline of systems engineering knows it as approach of incremental system change. In this contribution, we discuss the enhanced version of a concept on how to extend XP on large scale projects with hundreds of software engineers and programmers, respectively. A previous version was already presented in [1]. The basic idea is to apply the "hierarchical approach", a management principle of reorganizing companies, as well as well known moderation principles to XP project organization. We show similarities between software engineering methods and company reorganization processes and discuss how the elements of the hierarchical approach can improve XP. We provide guidelines on how to scale up XP to very large projects e.g. those common in telecommunication industry and IT technology consultancy firms by using moderation techniques.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1409.6604
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--February, 2013 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Equivalence Principle in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Paunkovic, Nikola
name: Vojinovic, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a general overview of various flavors of the equivalence principle in classical and quantum physics, with special emphasis on the so-called weak equivalence principle, and contrast its validity in mechanics versus field theory. We also discuss its generalisation to a theory of quantum gravity. Our analysis suggests that only the strong equivalence principle can be considered fundamental enough to be generalised to a quantum gravity context, since all other flavors of equivalence principle hold only approximately already at the classical level.
description: v2: published version, 7+6 pages
Expression of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis AMY1 in a Histoplasma capsulatum amy1 Mutant, Relates an α-(1,4)-Amylase to Cell Wall α-(1,3)-Glucan Synthesis
Creators: name: Sepulveda, Victoria E.
name: Goldman, William E.
name: Camacho, Emma
name: Niño-Vega, Gustavo A.
name: San-Blas, Gioconda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In the cell walls of the pathogenic yeast phases of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum, the outer α-(1,3)-glucan layer behaves as a virulence factor. In H. capsulatum, an α-(1,4)-amylase gene (AMY1) is essential for the synthesis of this polysaccharide, hence related to virulence. An orthologous gene to H. capsulatum AMY1 was identified in P. brasiliensis and also labeled AMY1. P. brasiliensis AMY1 transcriptional levels were increased during the yeast phase, which correlates with the presence of α-(1,3)-glucan as the major yeast cell wall polysaccharide. Complementation of a H. capsulatum amy1 mutant strain with P. brasiliensis AMY1, suggests that P. brasiliensis Amy1p may play a role in the synthesis of cell wall α-(1,3)-glucan. To study some biochemical properties of P. brasiliensis Amy1p, the enzyme was overexpressed, purified and studied its activity profile with starch and amylopeptin. It showed a relatively higher hydrolyzing activity on amylopeptin than starch, producing oligosaccharides from 4 to 5 glucose residues. Our findings show that P. brasiliensis Amy1p produces maltooligosaccharides which may act as a primer molecule for the fungal cell wall α-(1,3)-glucan biosynthesis by Ags1p.
Birth of the Universe from the Multiverse, MG13
Creators: name: Mersini-Houghton, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This proceeding is based on a talk I gave at the 13th Marcel Grossmann Meeting in Stockholm Sweden.
description: to appear in Proceedings of the 13th Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Stockholm Sweden
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--March, 2013 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Fish, Fish-Derived n-3 Fatty Acids, and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Creators: name: Folsom, Aaron R.
name: Alonso, Alvaro
name: Soliman, Elsayed Z.
name: Chamberlain, Alanna M.
name: Agarwal, Sunil K.
name: Nettleton, Jennifer A.
name: Gronroos, Noelle N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundResults of observational and experimental studies investigating the association between intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been inconsistent.MethodsWe studied the association of fish and the fish-derived n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with the risk of incident AF in individuals aged 45–64 from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort (n = 14,222, 27% African Americans). Intake of fish and of DHA and EPA were measured via food frequency questionnaire. Plasma levels of DHA and EPA were measured in phospholipids in a subset of participants (n = 3,757). Incident AF was identified through the end of 2008 using ECGs, hospital discharge codes and death certificates. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios of AF by quartiles of n-3 PUFAs or by fish intake.ResultsDuring the average follow-up of 17.6 years, 1,604 AF events were identified. In multivariable analyses, total fish intake and dietary DHA and EPA were not associated with AF risk. Higher intake of oily fish and canned tuna was associated with a nonsignificant lower risk of AF (p for trend = 0.09). Phospholipid levels of DHA+EPA were not related to incident AF. However, DHA and EPA showed differential associations with AF risk when analyzed separately, with lower risk of AF in those with higher levels of DHA but no association between EPA levels and AF risk.ConclusionsIn this racially diverse sample, dietary intake of fish and fish-derived n-3 fatty acids, as well as plasma biomarkers of fish intake, were not associated with AF risk.
Quantum Cellular Automaton Theory of Light
Creators: name: Bisio, Alessandro
name: D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro
name: Perinotti, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum theory of light based on quantum cellular automata (QCA). This approach allows us to have a thorough quantum theory of free electrodynamics encompassing an hypothetical discrete Planck scale. The theory is particularly relevant because it provides predictions at the macroscopic scale that can be experimentally tested. We show how, in the limit of small wave-vector k, the free Maxwell's equations emerge from two Weyl QCAs derived from informational principles in Ref. [1]. Within this framework the photon is introduced as a composite particle made of a pair of correlated massless Fermions, and the usual Bosonic statistics is recovered in the low photon density limit. We derive the main phenomenological features of the theory, consisting in dispersive propagation in vacuum, the occurrence of a small longitudinal polarization, and a saturation effect originated by the Fermionic nature of the photon. We then discuss whether these effects can be experimentally tested, and observe that only the dispersive effects are accessible with current technology, from observations of arrival times of pulses originated at cosmological distances.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--April, 2013 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Fannie Mae National Housing Survey Monthly Key Indicators--May, 2013 (a subset of the complete monthly Fannie Mae National Housing Survey)
Creators: name: Foundation, Fannie Mae
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Economy on right/wrong track (1); personal financial situation (1); good/bad time to buy a house (1); good/bad time to sell a house (1); home price changes (3); rental price changes (3); mortgage interest rate changes (1); ability to obtain a home mortgage today (1); current homeownership status (1); renting vs. buying a home in the future (1); change in income (1); household expenses (1).
Francisella tularensis Elicits IL-10 via a PGE2-Inducible Factor, to Drive Macrophage MARCH1 Expression and Class II Down-Regulation
Creators: name: Ishido, Satoshi
name: Drake, James R.
name: Harton, Jonathan A.
name: Hunt, Danielle
name: Roche, Paul A.
name: Weih, Karis A.
name: Wilson, Justin E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Francisella tularensis is a bacterial pathogen that uses host-derived PGE2 to subvert the host's adaptive immune responses in multiple ways. Francisella-induced PGE2 acts directly on CD4 T cells to blunt production of IFN-γ. Francisella-induced PGE2 can also elicit production of a >10 kDa soluble host factor termed FTMØSN (F. tularensis macrophage supernatant), which acts on IFN-γ pre-activated MØ to down-regulate MHC class II expression via a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism, blocking antigen presentation to CD4 T cells. Here, we report that FTMØSN-induced down-regulation of MØ class II is the result of the induction of MARCH1, and that MØ expressing MARCH1 “resistant” class II molecules are resistant to FTMØSN-induced class II down-regulation. Since PGE2 can induce IL-10 production and IL-10 is the only reported cytokine able to induce MARCH1 expression in monocytes and dendritic cells, these findings suggested that IL-10 is the active factor in FTMØSN. However, use of IL-10 knockout MØ established that IL-10 is not the active factor in FTMØSN, but rather that Francisella-elicited PGE2 drives production of a >10 kDa host factor distinct from IL-10. This factor then drives MØ IL-10 production to induce MARCH1 expression and the resultant class II down-regulation. Since many human pathogens such as Salmonella typhi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Legionella pneumophila also induce production of host PGE2, these results suggest that a yet-to-be-identified PGE2-inducible host factor capable of inducing IL-10 is central to the immune evasion mechanisms of multiple important human pathogens.