cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
KIC 8462852 Faded at an Average Rate of 0.165+-0.013 Magnitudes Per Century From 1890 To 1989
Creators: name: Schaefer, Bradley E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: KIC8462852 is a completely-ordinary F3 main sequence star, except that the light curve from Kepler shows episodes of unique and inexplicable day-long dips with up to 20% dimming. Here, I provide a light curve of 1338 Johnson B-band magnitudes from 1890 to 1989 taken from archival photographic plates at Harvard. KIC8462852 displays a secular dimming at an average rate of 0.164+-0.013 magnitudes per century. From the early-1890s to the late-1980s, KIC8462852 faded by 0.193+-0.030 mag. The decline is not an artifact because nearby check stars have closely flat light curves. This century-long dimming is unprecedented for any F-type main sequence star. Thus the Harvard light curve provides the first confirmation (past the several dips seen in the Kepler light curve alone) that KIC8462852 has anything unusual. The century-long dimming and the day-long dips are both just extreme ends of a spectrum of timescales for unique dimming events. By Ockham's Razor, two such unique and similar effects are very likely produced by one physical mechanism. This one mechanism does not appear as any isolated catastrophic event in the last century, but rather must be some ongoing process with continuous effects. Within the context of dust-occultation models, the century-long dimming trend requires 10^4 to 10^7 times as much dust as for the deepest Kepler dip. Within the context of the comet-family idea, the century-long dimming trend requires an estimated 648,000 giant comets (each with 200 km diameter) all orchestrated to pass in front of the star within the last century.
description: ApJLett in press, 15 pages, 2 figures
ما هي المدة الزمنية اللازمة لظهور بحثي في صفحتي في سكوباس بعد نشره في المجلة
Creators: name: I.Al-Mosawi, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30614.93767
A dosimetric model for the heterogeneous delivery of radioactive nanoparticles In vivo: a feasibility study
Creators: name: Attayek, Peter
name: Midkiff, Bentley
name: Satterlee, Andrew B.
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract ᅟ Accurate and quantitative dosimetry for internal radiation therapy can be especially challenging, given the heterogeneity of patient anatomy, tumor anatomy, and source deposition. Internal radiotherapy sources such as nanoparticles and monoclonal antibodies require high resolution imaging to accurately model the heterogeneous distribution of these sources in the tumor. The resolution of nuclear imaging modalities is not high enough to measure the heterogeneity of intratumoral nanoparticle deposition or intratumoral regions, and mathematical models do not represent the actual heterogeneous dose or dose response. To help answer questions at the interface of tumor dosimetry and tumor biology, we have modeled the actual 3-dimensional dose distribution of heterogeneously delivered radioactive nanoparticles in a tumor after systemic injection. Methods 24 h after systemic injection of dually fluorescent and radioactive nanoparticles into a tumor-bearing mouse, the tumor was cut into 342 adjacent sections and imaged to quantify the source distribution in each section. The images were stacked to generate a 3D model of source distribution, and a novel MATLAB code was employed to calculate the dose to cells on a middle section in the tumor using a low step size dose kernel. Results The average dose calculated by this novel 3D model compared closely with standard ways of calculating average dose, and showed a positive correlation with experimentally determined cytotoxicity in vivo. The high resolution images allowed us to determine that the dose required to initiate radiation-induced H2AX phosphorylation was approximately one Gray. The nanoparticle distribution was further used to model the dose distribution of two other radionuclides. Conclusions The ability of this model to quantify the absorbed dose and dose response in different intratumoral regions allows one to investigate how source deposition in different tumor areas can affect dose and cytotoxicity, as well as how characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia or high stromal areas, may affect the potency of a given dose.
Generalized equations of state and regular universes
Creators: name: Contreras, Felipe
name: Cruz, Norman
name: González, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found non singular solutions for universes filled with a fluid which obey a Generalized Equation of State of the form $P(ρ)=-Aρ+γρ^λ$. An emergent universe is obtained if $A=1$ and $λ=1/2$. If the matter source is reinterpret as that of a scalar matter field with some potential, the corresponding potential is derived. For a closed universe, an exact bounce solution is found for $A=1/3$ and the same $λ$. We also explore how the composition of theses universes can be interpreted in terms of known fluids. It is of interest to note that accelerated solutions previously found for the late time evolution also represent regular solutions at early times.
description: This work has been send to Journal of Physics: Conference Series (IOP), in the context of "XIX Simposio de la Sociedad Chilena de F\'isica 2014"
The Relation between Luminous AGNs and Star Formation in Their Host Galaxies
Creators: name: Xu, Lei
name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Egami, E.
name: Haines, C. P.
name: Pereira, M. J.
name: Smith, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relation of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to star formation in their host galaxies. Our sample includes 205 Type-1 and 85 Type-2 AGNs, 162 detected with Herschel, from fields surrounding 30 galaxy clusters in the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS). The sample is identified by optical line widths and ratios after selection to be brighter than 1 mJy at 24 microns. We show that Type-2 AGN [OIII]5007 line fluxes at high z can be contaminated by their host galaxies with typical spectrograph entrance apertures (but our sample is not compromised in this way). We use spectral energy distribution (SED) templates to decompose the galaxy SEDs and estimate star formation rates, AGN luminosities, and host galaxy stellar masses (described in an accompanying paper). The AGNs arise from massive black holes (~ 3 X 10^8 Msun) accreting at ~ 10% of the Eddington rate and residing in galaxies with stellar mass > 3 X 10^{10} Msun; those detected with Herschel have IR luminosity from star formation in the range of 10^{10} -- 10^{12} Lsun. We find that: 1.) the specific star formation rates in the host galaxies are generally consistent with those of normal star-forming (main sequence) galaxies; 2.) there is a strong correlation between the luminosities from star formation and the AGN; and 3.) however, the correlation may not result from a causal connection, but could arise because the black hole mass (and hence AGN Eddington luminosity) and star formation are both correlated with the galaxy mass.
Killing spinors as a characterisation of rotating black hole spacetimes
Creators: name: Cole, Michael J.
name: Kroon, Juan A. Valiente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the implications of the existence of Killing spinors in a spacetime. In particular, we show that in vacuum and electrovacuum a Killing spinor, along with some assumptions on the associated Killing vector in an asymptotic region, guarantees that the spacetime is locally isometric to the Kerr or Kerr-Newman solutions. We show that the characterisation of these spacetimes in terms of Killing spinors is an alternative expression of characterisation results of Mars (Kerr) and Wong (Kerr-Newman) involving restrictions on the Weyl curvature and matter content.
description: 18 pages
Power limits and a figure of merit for stimulated Brillouin scattering in the presence of third and fifth order loss
Creators: name: Wolff, Christian
name: Gutsche, Philipp
name: Steel, Michael J.
name: Eggleton, Benjamin J.
name: Poulton, Christopher G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a set of design guidelines and a figure of merit to aid the engineering process of on-chip waveguides for strong Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS). To this end, we examine the impact of several types of loss on the total amplification of the Stokes wave that can be achieved via SBS. We account for linear loss and nonlinear loss of third order (two-photon absorption, 2PA) and fifth order, most notably 2PA-induced free carrier absorption (FCA). From this, we derive an upper bound for the output power of continuous-wave Brillouin-lasers and show that the optimal operating conditions and maximal realisable Stokes amplification of any given waveguide structure are determined by a dimensionless parameter $\mathcal{F}$ involving the SBS-gain and all loss parameters. We provide simple expressions for optimal pump power, waveguide length and realisable amplification and demonstrate their utility in two example systems. Notably, we find that 2PA-induced FCA is a serious limitation to SBS in silicon and germanium for wavelengths shorter than 2200nm and 3600nm, respectively. In contrast, three-photon absorption is of no practical significance.
Effective one-dimensional models including two-particle interaction from matrix product states
Creators: name: Keim, Frederik
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Matrix product states
subject: Effective model
subject: Interaction
subject: Spin chains
subject: 530
subject: Spinsystem
subject: Spinkette

description: In this thesis a method for deriving effective models for one-dimensional spin systems is introduced. It is based on matrix product state (MPS) and exploits translation invariance to efficiently work in the thermodynamic limit. It is tested on two analytically solvable models: The ferromagnetic spin-\textonehalf\ Heisenberg chain in an external field, and the transverse magnetic field Ising model (TFIM). The previously developed ansatz for one-particle states is extended to the description of two-particle states. The challenges of this extension and different choices for a basis of the two-particle space are discussed. Results for the two-particle spectral weight in the TFIM and for quasi-particle scattering in both models are provided.
The genus filtration in the smooth concordance group
Creators: name: Wang, Shida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a filtration of the smooth concordance group based on the genus of representative knots. We use the Heegaard Floer epsilon and Upsilon invariants to prove the quotient groups with respect to this filtration are infinitely generated. Results are applied to three infinite families of topologically slice knots.
Characterizing the spatial mismatch between intimate partner violence related healthcare services and arrests in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Creators: name: Petersen, Nick
name: Williams, Jessica
name: Stoler, Justin
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Routine screening and intervention for intimate partner violence (IPV) in healthcare settings constitutes an important secondary prevention strategy for identifying individuals experiencing IPV early and connecting them with appropriate services. Considerable variation in available IPV-related healthcare services exists and interventions are needed to improve the quality of these services. One way to prioritize intervention efforts is by examining the level of services provided in communities most at risk relative to local incidence or prevalence of IPV. To inform future interventions, this study examined the spatial relationship between IPV-related healthcare services and IPV arrests in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and identified predictors of the observed spatial mismatch.
                Methods
                Survey data collected in 2014 from 278 health facilities pertaining to IPV services were geocoded, computed into a density layer, and aggregated at the census tract level to create a population-based normalized comprehensiveness score (NCS) as a proxy for IPV-related healthcare resources. IPV arrests from 2011 to 2015, collected from the county court, were geocoded and summarized by census tracts to serve as a proxy for IPV prevalence. These measures were combined into a resource disparity score (RDS) that compared relative service density to relative arrest rates, where positive RDS represented over-resourced neighborhoods and negative RDS corresponded to under-resourced neighborhoods. We used correlation analyses and a two-phase spatial modeling approach to evaluate correlates of NCS and RDS.
                Results
                A spatial lag model did not yield an association between NCS and IPV arrests, demonstrating a spatial mismatch, which we visualized using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A spatial error model revealed that the percentage of white non-Hispanic residents was positively associated with RDS, while percent black non-Hispanic, median age, ethnic heterogeneity, and economic disadvantage were negatively associated with RDS.
                Conclusions
                These findings underscore the need to further evaluate the adequacy of IPV-related healthcare resources for secondary prevention relative to local IPV arrest rates, particularly within economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our approach demonstrates the utility of GIS for identifying potential priority regions for IPV prevention efforts and resource allocation.
A Herschel Study of 24 micron-Selected AGNs and Their Host Galaxies
Creators: name: Xu, Lei
name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Egami, E.
name: Pereira, M. J.
name: Haines, C. P.
name: Smith, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of 290 24-micron-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) mostly at z ~ 0.3 -- 2.5, within 5.2 square degrees distributed as 25' X 25' fields around each of 30 galaxy clusters in the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS). The sample is nearly complete to 1 mJy at 24 microns, and has a rich multi-wavelength set of ancillary data; 162 are detected by Herschel. We use spectral templates for AGNs, stellar populations, and infrared emission by star forming galaxies to decompose the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these AGNs and their host galaxies, and estimate their star formation rates (SFRs), AGN luminosities, and host galaxy stellar masses. The set of templates is relatively simple: a standard Type-1 quasar template; another for the photospheric output of the stellar population; and a far infrared star-forming template. For the Type-2 AGN SEDs, we substitute templates including internal obscuration, and some Type-1 objects require a warm component (T > 50 K). The individually Herschel- detected Type-1 AGNs and a subset of 17 Type-2 ones typically have luminosities > 10^{45} ergs/s, and supermassive black holes of ~ 3 X 10^8 Msun emitting at ~ 10% of the Eddington rate. We find them in about twice the numbers of AGN identified in SDSS data in the same fields, i.e., they represent typical high luminosity AGN, not an infrared-selected minority. These AGNs and their host galaxies are studied further in an accompanying paper.
Constraining X-ray-Induced Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks Orbiting Low-Mass Stars
Creators: name: Punzi, Kristina M.
name: Kastner, Joel H.
name: Rodriguez, David
name: Principe, David A.
name: Vican, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-mass, pre-main sequence stars possess intense high-energy radiation fields as a result of their strong stellar magnetic activity. This stellar UV and X-ray radiation may have a profound impact on the lifetimes of protoplanetary disks. We aim to constrain the X-ray-induced photoevaporation rates of protoplanetary disks orbiting low-mass stars by analyzing serendipitous XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray observations of candidate nearby (D $
description: 2 pages, 1 figure; to appear in "Young Stars and Planets Near the Sun", Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 314 (Cambridge University Press), J.H. Kastner, B. Stelzer, S.A. Metchev, eds
An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers
Creators: name: Van Le, Linda
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Introduction Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. Results We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. Conclusions This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects.
"Pretty strong" converse for the private capacity of degraded quantum wiretap channels
Creators: name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the vein of the recent "pretty strong" converse for the quantum and private capacity of degradable quantum channels [Morgan/Winter, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 60(1):317-333, 2014], we use the same techniques, in particular the calculus of min-entropies, to show a pretty strong converse for the private capacity of degraded classical-quantum-quantum (cqq-)wiretap channels, which generalize Wyner's model of the degraded classical wiretap channel. While the result is not completely tight, leaving some gap between the region of error and privacy parameters for which the converse bound holds, and a larger no-go region, it represents a further step towards an understanding of strong converses of wiretap channels [cf. Hayashi/Tyagi/Watanabe, arXiv:1410.0443 for the classical case].
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, IEEEtran.cls. V2 final (conference) version, accepted for ISIT 2016 (Barcelona, 10-15 July 2016)
Monic polynomials in $Z[x]$ with roots in the unit disc
Creators: name: Damianou, Pantelis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A25, 11R09

description: This note is motivated by an old result of Kronecker on monic polynomials with integer coefficients having all their roots in the unit disc. We call such polynomials Kronecker polynomials for short. Let $k(n)$ denote the number of Kronecker polynomials of degree $n$. We describe a canonical form for such polynomials and use it to determine the sequence $k(n)$, for small values of $n$. The first step is to show that the number of Kronecker polynomials of degree $n$ is finite. This fact is included in the following theorem due to Kronecker. The theorem actually gives more: the non-zero roots of such polynomials are on the boundary of the unit disc. We use this fact later on to show that these polynomials are essentially products of cyclotomic polynomials.
description: 5 pages
Quantifying the treatment efficacy of reverse transcriptase inhibitors: new analyses of clinical data based on within-host modeling
Creators: name: Kahn, James
name: Blower, Sally
name: Napravnik, Sonia
name: Breban, Romulus
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background Current measures of the clinical efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the treatment of HIV include the change in HIV RNA in the plasma and the gain in CD4 cells. Methods We propose new measures for evaluating the efficacy of treatment that is based upon combinations of non-nucleoside and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Our efficacy measures are: the CD4 gain per virion eliminated , the potential of CD4 count restoration and the viral reproduction number (R0) . These efficacy measures are based upon a theoretical understanding of the impact of treatment on both viral dynamics and the immune reconstitution. Patient data were obtained from longitudinal HIV clinical cohorts. Results We found that the CD4 cell gain per virion eliminated ranged from 10-2 to 600 CD4 cells/virion, the potential of CD4 count restoration ranged from 60 to 1520 CD4 cells/μl, and the basic reproduction number was reduced from an average of 5.1 before therapy to an average of 1.2 after one year of therapy. There was substantial heterogeneity in these efficacy measures among patients with detectable viral replication. We found that many patients who achieved viral suppression did not have high CD4 cell recovery profiles. Our efficacy measures also enabled us to identify a subgroup of patients who were not virally suppressed but had the potential to reach a high CD4 count and/or achieve viral suppression if they had been switched to a more potent regimen. Conclusion We show that our new efficacy measures are useful for analyzing the long-term treatment efficacy of combination reverse transcriptase inhibitors and argue that achieving a low R0 does not imply achieving viral suppression.
Computational Intelligence Challenges and Applications on Large-Scale Astronomical Time Series Databases
Creators: name: Huijse, Pablo
name: Estevez, Pablo A.
name: Protopapas, Pavlos
name: Principe, Jose C.
name: Zegers, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Time-domain astronomy (TDA) is facing a paradigm shift caused by the exponential growth of the sample size, data complexity and data generation rates of new astronomical sky surveys. For example, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), which will begin operations in northern Chile in 2022, will generate a nearly 150 Petabyte imaging dataset of the southern hemisphere sky. The LSST will stream data at rates of 2 Terabytes per hour, effectively capturing an unprecedented movie of the sky. The LSST is expected not only to improve our understanding of time-varying astrophysical objects, but also to reveal a plethora of yet unknown faint and fast-varying phenomena. To cope with a change of paradigm to data-driven astronomy, the fields of astroinformatics and astrostatistics have been created recently. The new data-oriented paradigms for astronomy combine statistics, data mining, knowledge discovery, machine learning and computational intelligence, in order to provide the automated and robust methods needed for the rapid detection and classification of known astrophysical objects as well as the unsupervised characterization of novel phenomena. In this article we present an overview of machine learning and computational intelligence applications to TDA. Future big data challenges and new lines of research in TDA, focusing on the LSST, are identified and discussed from the viewpoint of computational intelligence/machine learning. Interdisciplinary collaboration will be required to cope with the challenges posed by the deluge of astronomical data coming from the LSST.
The effect of giving explicit incentives to correct mistakes on subsequent problem solving in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Brown, Benjamin
name: Mason, Andrew
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One attribute of experts is that they are likely to learn from their own mistakes. Experts are unlikely to make the same mistakes when asked to solve a problem a second time, especially if they had access to a correct solution. Here, we discuss a study spanning several years in which advanced undergraduate physics students in a quantum mechanics course were given incentives to correct their mistakes in the midterm exam and they could get back up to 50% of the points lost on each midterm exam problem. The solutions to the midterm exam problems were provided to all students in both groups but those who corrected their mistakes were provided the solution after they submitted their corrections to the instructor. The performance on the final exam on the same problems suggests that students who were given incentives to correct their mistakes significantly outperformed those who were not given an incentive. The incentive to correct mistakes had the greatest impact on the final exam performance of students who performed poorly on the midterm exam.
title: Anilin in Fingermalfarben: Gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen für Kinder sind nach derzeitigem Stand des Wissens nicht zu erwarten: Stellungnahme Nr. 034/2023 des BfR vom 24. Juli 2023
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2023, no. 034
Sampling the isothermal-isobaric ensemble by Langevin dynamics
Creators: name: Gao, Xingyu
name: Fang, Jun
name: Wang, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method of conducting molecular dynamics simulation in isothermal-isobaric ensemble based on Langevin equations of motion. The stochastic coupling to all particle and cell degrees of freedoms is introduced in a correct way, in the sense that the stationary configurational distribution is proved to be in consistent with that of the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. In order to apply the proposed method in computer simulations, a second order symmetric numerical integration scheme is developed by Trotter's splitting of the single-step propagator. Moreover, a practical guide of choosing working parameters is suggested for user specified thermo- and baro-coupling time-scales. The method and software implementation are carefully validated by a numerical example.
Net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide on hayland with drained peat soil in central European Russia: mowing scenario analysis
Creators: name: Ilyasov, Danil V.
name: Molchanov, Alexander G.
name: Suvorov, Gennady G.
name: Glagolev, Mikhail V.
name: Sirin, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Haylands are the mildest option for the agricultural use of drained peatlands in terms of CO2 emissions. However, CO2 fluxes and their balance may depend on various conditions including the frequency of mowing and amount of phytomass removed. Based on field measurements of CO2 fluxes using the chamber method and monitoring of environmental factors conducted in 2018–2020 on hayland and fallow on drained peatland in central European Russia, a mathematical model of CO2 balance was built. Numerical experiments showed that mowing of hayland, irrespective of the intensity, did not lead to an increase in CO2 emissions compared to fallow. Fallow and hayland after single mowing had closely modelled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) values: 9.9 ± 2.4 and 8.5 ± 2.7 t C ha−1 season−1, respectively. Furthermore, a single mowing turned out 2.8 t ha−1 of hay (0.8 ± 0.1 t C ha−1), and 4.4 (1.4 ± 0.1) after double mowing. The modelled NEE after double mowing increased to 9.4 ± 2.9 t C ha−1 season−1. A single mowing session in early summer is recommended. Compared to other uses, e.g. arable land, mowing on hayland is a compromise between reducing CO2 emissions and gaining economic benefits from drained peatlands.
title: Advances in macroeconometrics: (interpretable) machine learning and high-frequency data for forecasting and structural analysis
Creators: name: Longo, Luigi
Publisher: name: IMT Alti Studi Lucca
Year: 2023

description: Forecasting and modelling techniques for structural analy- sis have changed through the years to cope with the com- plexity of macroeconomic systems. Recent results show evi- dence that non-parametric models such as machine learning are helping with the prediction of macroeconomic variables. On the other side, high-frequency information is widely used to provide a new source of information for structural analy- sis. This thesis contributes to all these aspects by proposing innovative approaches for forecasting macroeconomic indi- cators and providing an alternative way to make structural analysis. We first exploit the ability of an ensemble learning model combining long-short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and dynamic factor model (DFM) to detect nonlin- earities in the US GDP forecast. We also provide an inter- pretable methodological framework that uses Shapley values to generalize the data-generating process learned by neural networks and applies it to predict inflation levels. The result- ing polynomial relations between the variables provide pol- icymakers with valuable insights on the potential nonlinear relations between the evolution of future price levels and eco- nomic activity. In addition, we propose a new identification method for Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) models based on nowcasted (high-frequency) macroeconomic data.
An approach to addressing subpopulation considerations in systematic reviews: the experience of reviewers supporting the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Creators: name: Jonas, Daniel
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background Guideline developers and other users of systematic reviews need information about whether a medical or preventive intervention is likely to benefit or harm some patients more (or less) than the average in order to make clinical practice recommendations tailored to these populations. However, guidance is lacking on how to include patient subpopulation considerations into the systematic reviews upon which guidelines are often based. In this article, we describe methods developed to consistently consider the evidence for relevant subpopulations in systematic reviews conducted to support primary care clinical preventive service recommendations made by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Proposed approach Our approach is grounded in our experience conducting systematic reviews for the USPSTF and informed by a review of existing guidance on subgroup analysis and subpopulation issues. We developed and refined our approach based on feedback from the Subpopulation Workgroup of the USPSTF and pilot testing on reviews being conducted for the USPSTF. This paper provides processes and tools for incorporating evidence-based identification of important sources of potential heterogeneity of intervention effects into all phases of systematic reviews. Key components of our proposed approach include targeted literature searches and key informant interviews to identify the most important subpopulations a priori during topic scoping, a framework for assessing the credibility of subgroup analyses reported in studies, and structured investigation of sources of heterogeneity of intervention effects. Conclusions Further testing and evaluation are necessary to refine this proposed approach and demonstrate its utility to the producers and users of systematic reviews beyond the context of the USPSTF. Gaps in the evidence on important subpopulations identified by routinely applying this process in systematic reviews will also inform future research needs.
Experimental demonstration of kilometer-range quantum digital signatures
Creators: name: Donaldson, Ross James
name: Collins, Robert John
name: Kleczkowska, Klaudia
name: Amiri, Ryan
name: Wallden, Petros
name: Dunjko, Vedran
name: Jeffers, John
name: Andersson, Erika
name: Buller, Gerald Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental realization of a quantum digital signature protocol which, together with a standard quantum key distribution link, increases transmission distance to kilometre ranges, three orders of magnitude larger than in previous realizations. The bit-rate is also significantly increased compared with previous quantum signature demonstrations. This work illustrates that quantum digital signatures can be realized with optical components similar to those used for quantum key distribution, and could be implemented in existing optical fiber networks.
CIRCE 1st Project Quality Report
Creators: name: , Soria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: project management
project management quality assessment

description: Counteracting accent dIscrimination pRactiCes in Education (CIRCE) is an ERASMUS+ project co-funded by European Commission under the programme “Cooperation partnerships in school education” (KA220-SCH). The CIRCE Project Quality Report summarizes the results of the project internal activity of monitoring the quality of project management. This first report refers to the first six months of the project, from 31/12/2022 to 30/06/2023.
description: Counteracting accent dIscrimination pRactiCes in Education (CIRCE) is an ERASMUS+ project co-funded by European Union under Grant Agreement no. 2022-1-IT02-KA220-SCH-000087602. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them. Further information about the project is available at https://www.circe-project.eu/.
The American College of Radiology white paper on radiation dose in medicine: deep impact on the practice of cardiovascular imaging
Creators: name: Semelka, Richard
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2007

description: Abstract In April 2007, the American College of Radiology released the "White Paper on Radiation Dose in Medicine". The Blue Ribbon panel members included private practice and academic diagnostic radiologists, medical physicists, representatives of industry and regulatory groups, and a patient advocate. The panel concluded that the expanding use of imaging modalities using ionizing radiations such as CT and nuclear medicine may result in an increased incidence of radiation-related cancer in the exposed population in the not-too-distant future, and this problem can likely be minimized by preventing the inappropriate use of such imaging and by optimizing studies that are performed to obtain the best image quality with the lowest radiation dose. The White Paper set forth practical suggestions to minimize radiation risk, including education for all stakeholders in the principles of radiation safety and preferential use of alternative (non-ionizing) imaging techniques, such as MRI and ultrasound. These recommendations are especially relevant for cardiologists, who prescribe and/or practice medical imaging examinations accounting for at least 50% of the total effective dose by radiation medicine, which amounts to an equivalent of about 160 chest x-rays per head per year in US. Were they be enacted, these simple recommendations would determine a revolution in the contemporary way of teaching, learning and practising cardiology.
Error Propagation of the Track Model and Track Fitting Strategy for the Iron CALorimeter Detector in India-based Neutrino Observatory
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Kolahal
name: Pal, Arnab K.
name: Majumder, Gobinda
name: Mondal, Naba K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Kalman filter package has been developed for reconstructing muon ($μ^\pm$) tracks (coming from the neutrino interactions) in ICAL detector. Here, we describe the algorithm of muon track fitting, with emphasis on the error propagation of the elements of Kalman state vector along the muon trajectory through dense materials and inhomogeneous magnetic field. The higher order correction terms are included for reconstructing muon tracks at large zenith angle $θ$ (measured from the perpendicular to the detector planes). The performances of this algorithm and its limitations are discussed.
description: 27 pages, published version
האם נטייה מינית מתווכת את השפעות איום הסטריאוטיפ על רגישות חברתית בגברים?
Creators: name: Lottner, Jenny
name: Goldberg, Maya
name: Shafir, Sivan
name: team, TAU
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: איום סטראוטיפ
subject: נטייה מינית
subject: רגישות חברתית

description: זוהי הרשמה-מראש של תוכנית המחקר שלנו בקורס פסיכולוגיה ניסויית. כאשר חברי קבוצה שיש כנגדה סטיגמות שליליות נמצאים בסיטואציות בהן התנהגותם עלולה להיות מפורשת על-פי הסטיגמה, ביצועיהם עלולים להיפגע כתוצאה מהחשש שאכן ישפטו על-פי הסטראוטיפ השלילי. מצוקה מצבית זו נקראת איום הסטראוטיפ, והיא מושא לדיון ומחקר רב בפסיכולוגיה חינוכית, חברתית, וארגונית עד היום (Spencer, S. J., Logel, C., & Davies, P. G. ,2016). במחקר זה, נבדוק האם ההשפעה של איום הסטראוטיפ מתווכת ע"י נטייה מינית של חברי הקבוצה כנגדה קיים סטריאוטיפ מגדרי. במילים אחרות, נבדוק האם נטייה מינית הומוסקסואלית מפחיתה השלכות של איום סטריאוטיפ מגדרי בגברים.
Towards the creation of decellularized organ constructs using irreversible electroporation and active mechanical perfusion
Creators: name: Gerber, David
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background Despite advances in transplant surgery and general medicine, the number of patients awaiting transplant organs continues to grow, while the supply of organs does not. This work outlines a method of organ decellularization using non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE) which, in combination with reseeding, may help supplement the supply of organs for transplant. Methods In our study, brief but intense electric pulses were applied to porcine livers while under active low temperature cardio-emulation perfusion. Histological analysis and lesion measurements were used to determine the effects of the pulses in decellularizing the livers as a first step towards the development of extracellular scaffolds that may be used with stem cell reseeding. A dynamic conductivity numerical model was developed to simulate the treatment parameters used and determine an irreversible electroporation threshold. Results Ninety-nine individual 1000 V/cm 100-μs square pulses with repetition rates between 0.25 and 4 Hz were found to produce a lesion within 24 hours post-treatment. The livers maintained intact bile ducts and vascular structures while demonstrating hepatocytic cord disruption and cell delamination from cord basal laminae after 24 hours of perfusion. A numerical model found an electric field threshold of 423 V/cm under specific experimental conditions, which may be used in the future to plan treatments for the decellularization of entire organs. Analysis of the pulse repetition rate shows that the largest treated area and the lowest interstitial density score was achieved for a pulse frequency of 1 Hz. After 24 hours of perfusion, a maximum density score reduction of 58.5 percent had been achieved. Conclusions This method is the first effort towards creating decellularized tissue scaffolds that could be used for organ transplantation using N-TIRE. In addition, it provides a versatile platform to study the effects of pulse parameters such as pulse length, repetition rate, and field strength on whole organ structures.
Examining the spatiotemporal evolution of vaccine refusal: nonmedical exemptions from vaccination in California, 2000–2013
Creators: name: Delamater, Paul
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy continues to be an issue throughout the United States, as numerous vaccine hesitant parents are choosing to exempt their children from school-entry vaccination requirements for nonmedical reasons, despite the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. We conduct an analysis of how vaccine refusal, measured by the use of nonmedical exemptions (based on personal or religious beliefs) from vaccination (NMEs), evolved across space and over time in California. Methods Using school-entry data from the California Department of Public Health, we examined NMEs for students entering kindergarten in California from 2000 to 2013. We conduct global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis to determine whether NME use became more geographically clustered over the study period and whether the location of local clusters of high use were temporally stable. We conducted a grouping analysis that identified the general temporal trends in NME use over the time period. Results The use of NMEs increased from 0.73% of all kindergarteners in 2000 to 3.09% in 2013 and became more geographically clustered over the study period. Local geographic clusters of high use were relatively isolated early in the study period, but expanded in size over time. The grouping analysis showed that regions with high NME use early in the study period were generally few (15% of all US Census tracts) and relatively isolated. Regions that had low initial NME use and moderate to large increases over the study period were located in close proximity to the initial high use regions. The grouping analysis also showed that roughly half of all tracts had 0% or very low NME use throughout the study period. Conclusions We found an observable spatial structure to vaccine refusal and NME use over time, which appeared to be a self-reinforcing process, as well as a spatially diffusive process. Importantly, we found evidence that use of NMEs in the initially isolated regions appeared to stimulate vaccine refusal in geographically proximal regions. Thus, our results suggest that efforts aimed at decreasing future NME use may be most effective if they target regions where NME use is already high, as well as the nearby regions.
Particulate Autogenous Bone Harvested by Auto Chip Maker Bur Versus Milled Autogenous Bone Block (Invitro Study With Biochemical and Histomorphometric Assessment)
Creators: name: Ali, Randa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Cell viability

description: sixteen bone particle samples were obtained from four adult mongrel dogs (1 to 2 years –old) were conducted in this study. The care of animals before, during and after surgical was done at the Surgical Clinic for Large Animals, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Cairo university. The study was conducted after receiving ethical approved from the Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University 2020 (854).Dogs were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria from the Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University to investigate the effects of two different techniques on the viability of osteoblasts that are contained in particulate autogenous bone. The first technique (GI) is the milling of a bone block by the bone mill, and the second technique is the auto chip maker (GII). After cell isolation, cells were maintained in α-MEM supplemented with 1% antibiotics -antimycotic (10,000 U/mL penicillin, 10,000μg/mL, streptomycin, and 25μg/mL Amphotericin B). The following assay parameters were conducted to determine cell viability after 2weeks of osteoblast seeding: alkaline phosphatase activity, MTT assay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and alizarin red staining.Both techniques presented in the present study, bone mill and auto chip maker, showed significant improvement in all parameters in the post-seeded cells, especially using the ACM approach. Indeed, the viable cell count was higher in ACM group.The results of the study revealed that the osteoblasts viability, activity and tissue formation were statistically significant in the auto chip maker group compared to the bone mill group.As regards the MTT assay in cell proliferation, statistically significant higher values were obtained in the ACM group compared to the bone mill group over the four consecutive assessments Regarding osteoblastic differentiation of the outgrowing cells at the level of mRNA, results revealed that the auto chip maker group demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of cell differentiation compared to the bone mill group, and this result favored the auto chip maker technique over the bone mill technique in the viability and differentiation status of the outgrowing cells.The result of the Alizarin Red staining test demonstrated that the auto chip maker test group revealed a significantly higher percentage of mineralized tissue formation compared to the bone mill test group
On the Similarity of the Psyches of Two Apparently Unrelated Peoples as Evidenced from a Similarity in Their Languages
Creators: name: Basu, Nirmalya
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Bengali
subject: English
subject: psyche
subject: similarity

description: I have noted a few instances of similarity between the languages Bengali and English and I have concluded from this that there must be a similarity in the psyches of the people who speak Bengali and those who speak English, who are apparently unrelated. I feel that this idea can be extrapolated to suggest that there is a similarity in the psyches of all the people of the world.