Syringogaster papaveroi Prado. Three 1969
Creators: name: Rafael, J. A.
name: Câmara, J. T.
name: Holanda, M. J. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syringogastridae
Syringogaster
Syringogaster papaveroi

description: Syringogaster papaveroi Prado   
(Figs. 11–19)  
 Stylogaster papaveroi Prado, 1969: 10 (lapsus, correct generic combination given on pages 1, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 23). Syringogaster rufa auct.; nec Cresson 1912: 393; Papavero 1964: 110 (in part).   
 Syringogaster papaveroi; Prado 1975: 1 (catalogue); Marshall, Buck, Skevington & Grimaldi 2009: 55 (revision ).   
 Redescription. Based on a male specimen from Brazil, São Paulo State, São Paulo, Barreto col., deposited at MZUSP.   
Head (Fig. 11) orange except dark brown ocellar tubercle and reddish eyes. Vertex almost straight, aligned with posterior border of eyes in dorsal view. Ocellar tubercle gray pruinose, with a pair of proclinate and divergent bristles. Ocellar triangle subshiny. Frons gray-brown pruinose. Medial surface of pedicel shiny. Parafacial with many small scattered setulae around vibrissal angle. Gena narrow, with no row of fine bristles. Hypostomal bridge length larger than diameter of foramen.  
Thorax (Fig. 11) with prothorax and anterior region of mesothorax orange, remainder dark brown with black stripes along some sutures. Mesoscutum, subscutellum, and anatergite gray pruinose, remainder of thorax shiny, except anepisternum sparsely gray pruinose posterodorsally and katepisternum gray pruinose ventrally. Anepisternum, katepisternum, and anepimeron with scattered pale bristles. Dorsocentral row of setulae inconspicuous. Supra-alar carina distinct but low. Pronotal collar with a distinct transverse carina on each side. Postpronotum slightly raised. Notopleural carina distinctly protuberant. Humeral carina black, small but distinct. Laterotergite with carinate anterior margin raised well above anepimeron. Anterior prespiracular process small and indistinct. Posterior prespiracular process distinctly raised, rather triangular in ventral view, shiny anteriorly, gray pruinose posteriorly. Posterior subspiracular carina low, anterior half bare and posterior half gray pruinose.  
Fore leg light yellow; femur (Fig. 12) with distal anteroventral margin with a row of 2–4 short spinules. Mid leg with coxa and trochanter light yellow, femur and tibia yellow to orange, tarsus yellow; mid tarsomeres 1–4 with antero- and posteroventral sawlines. Hind leg with base of femur light yellow, remainder of leg orange to brown, except apex of tibia and tarsus yellow; femur 4.3 times as long as wide in lateral view; femur with antero- and posteroventral row of slender white bristles and anteroventral row of 6 spines extending over distal half of femur, posteroventral row with 4 spines; tarsus with anteroventral sawlines on tarsomeres 1–3, posteroventral sawlines on tarsomeres 2–3 and basal half of tarsomere 4.  
 Wing (Fig. 13) clear, with medium dark patches over all crossveins. A large, dark suboval discal patch from apex of R 2+3 reaching dm-cu, connected at level of M with brown spot around r-m. R 2+3 running to costa at an acute angle, not distinctly turned up near apex. Vein R 4+5 sinuous. Crossvein r-m, approximately half as long as dm-cu. Fork of CuA slightly distal to bm-cu. CuA 1 extending 1/3 distance to wing margin. A 1 +CuA 2 extending around ½ distance to wing margin.   
Abdomen (Fig. 11) with syntergites 1–3 elongate and sub-shiny. Tergites 2 and 3 fused but delineated by a distinct suture. Tergites 4–5 shiny dorsally and gray pruinose laterally. Tergite 6 entirely pruinose. Tergites 1 and 2 parallel-sided and granulated. Tergites 1–6 with sparse and slender lateral scattered bristles and tergite 4–6 with few, easily overlooked microtrichia. Background color brown.  
Terminalia with tergites 5 and 6 unmodified, ventrolateral margins straight. Spiracles 5 half in the membrane, half in the tergite. Spiracles 6 in tergite. Sternites 5 and 6 reduced, largely separated, with no bristles. Synsternite 7+8 narrow, but forming a complete ring. Epandrium (Fig. 14) brown, almost 1.5 times wider than long. Cercus almost sessile, long-setose, much smaller than surstylus. Surstylus suboval, outer surface with sparse bristles shorter than length of surstylus, except apical margin with long bristles. Subepandrial sclerite small, commashaped. Hypandrium (Fig. 15) subcircular, with one break or weakening between hypandrial bridge and mesal base of each anterior hypandrial arm; dorsal half rather U-shaped, slightly wider than ventral half. Ventral lobe of anterior part of hypandrial arm long, expanded,with rounded apex and with distinct slender bristles at apex medially. Posterior part of hypandrial arm shorter than anterior part of hypandrial arm, articulating with trilobate pregonite. Postgonite reaching level of pregonite articulation. Basiphallus cylindrical except flattened at base, larger at apex with two subequal lobes, sinistral lobe shorter. Distiphallus directed sinistrally, with three medial processes (Fig. 16): one ventral process, spanner-shaped as seen at a certain angle; one slender and needle-shaped; and one stouter and “spur”-shaped. Posterior process of phallapodeme very peculiar and rather membranous connected to the phalapodeme. Phallapodeme narrow, simple, rather translucent. Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 17), simple, rather translucent.  
Specimen length: 4.7 mm; Wing length: 3.4 mm.  
Female. Similar to male. Terminalia (Fig. 18) with tergite and sternite 7 simple, cercus elongated, parallelsided. Spermathecae (Fig. 19) with two pairs of smooth, hat-shaped capsula, each pair set closely together. Duct well sclerotized near capsula.  
Body length: 4.6 mm.  
 Type material. Paratypes: BRASIL, SP, Barueri, 8.viii.1955, K. Lenko col. (1 ♂, MZUSP). Brasil, SP, Osasco, 6–8.iv.[19]39. J. Lane col. (1 ♂, MZUSP).   
 Other specimens examined. Brasil, SP, São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, 16.ix.1969, C.G. Froehlich col. (1 ♂, MZUSP). Brasil, SP, Salesópolis, Est. Biol. Boracéia, 23.viii.1969, N. Papavero col. (6 ♂, 9 ♀, MZUSP). Brasil, SP, São Paulo, Jaraguá / 09.xii.[19]90, A. Baptiste & R. Baptiste cols. (2 ♂, MZUSP). Brasil, SP, São Paulo, Cid. Jardim, Barretto col. (10 ♂, 12 ♀, MZUSP). Brasil, SP, S. Cantareira, Cantareira, Barretto col. (2 ♂, 2 ♀, MZUSP). Brasil, SP, São Paulo, Jaraguá. Barretto col. (1 ♂, 12 ♀, MZUSP).   
 Comments. S. papaveroi differs from other species of the figurata and rufa -group by the proepisternum with the ventral half shiny and the dorsal half pruinose, sternite 6 divided medially, hypandrial bridge with one break or weakening between hypandrial bridge and mesal region to hypandrial arm, posterior process of phallapodeme very peculiar and rather membranous connected to the phalapodeme.   
Variations: Some specimens with 5 spinules on fore femur. Hind femur with 5–7 anteroventral spines and 3–5 posteroventral spines. Male specimens with body length varying from 4.7 to 4.8 mm, and female specimens from 4.2 to 5.3 mm.
description: Published as part of Rafael, J. A., Câmara, J. T. & Holanda, M. J. A., 2011, A new species of Syringogastridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from the Amazon Basin and new records for Brazil, pp. 26-34 in Zootaxa 3014 (1) on pages 29-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3014.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5280766