title: ÐÐ·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð´Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐÐ¸Ð¼Ð±Ð°Ð±Ð²Ðµ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Exploring the relationship between resource abundance against poor returns at the example of Zimbabwe platinum industry
Creators: name: Ð§Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ°, Ð­Ð¼ÑÐ¾Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2020
Subjects: ÐÐ»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð²
Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð²
Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐÐ¸Ð¼Ð±Ð°Ð±Ð²Ðµ
resource abundance
resource curse
value addition
Zimbabwe mining industry

description: ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ðº Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐµ Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² (Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð²) Ð¾Ñ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ° Ð¼Ð¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ. Ð ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÐ» Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÑÑÐ´ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð»Ñ, Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐº Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ½Ñ, Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐµÑ, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸. ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð»ÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð°, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¹ Ð·Ð°ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð´Ð°Ð» Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐµÑÐµ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµ ÑÑÐ·Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð¾ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ°. Ð­ÑÐ¾ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. Ð¦ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ»Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ðµ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»Ñ. Ð­ÑÐ¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ, ÑÑÐ¾ ÐÐ¸Ð¼Ð±Ð°Ð±Ð²Ðµ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ð±ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¹. ÐÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° Ð²ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ, Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ±ÑÑÐºÐ°, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸, Ð²Ð·Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÐ¼ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÐÐ¸Ð¼Ð±Ð°Ð±Ð²Ðµ, Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸. ÐÐ°ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¸Ð·-Ð·Ð° ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ ÐÐ¸Ð¼Ð±Ð°Ð±Ð²Ðµ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ, Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð½ÑÑ, ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐµ, Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑ, Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ, Ð½Ð° Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð»Ñ, Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ, Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾Ð³Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ. ÐÐ°ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑ, ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸Ð½Ð³Ð° Ð¸ Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ðº Ð°Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. Ð­ÑÐ¾ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¼ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð»ÐµÑÑ Ð°Ð´ÐµÐºÐ²Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¾ÐµÐ¼ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð°.
description: The research was devoted to critically analyze the major factors that are leading to the loss in revenue (or returns) from the exportation of Platinum mineral resources. The study brought into effect a number of variables which includes illicit trade, production output, subdued prices, higher taxes and transfer mis-pricing, and policy inconsistency. The analysis was done through qualitative mechanism which then gave the researcher ability to further narrow down the research into being quantitative in nature. This was done so as to achieve the main objectives of the study. Price of Platinum was of particular importance to the researcher. This was because Zimbabwe exports unprocessed Platinum which fetch lower revenues as compared to finished or semi- finished products. Henceforth, a new variable termed Loss function was derived to cater for the variance between discounted prices charged by Zimbabwe and that of International prices. It was then established that, due to the fact of Zimbabwe exporting unprocessed Platinum, the later would however influence other determines for example, illicit trade, transfer mis-pricing, policy inconsistency to take effect. A mathematical model was then formulated that comprise of Derivative instruments, Sale and Leaseback transaction and an amortization schedule. This was done in a bid to help Platinum companies to raise adequate financing for the establishment of capital intense equipment used to value add or beneficiate Platinum mineral.