cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Triplet Exciton Management in Organic Electronic Devices
Creators: name: Conaghan, Patrick Joseph
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: OLED
OPV
organic semiconductor
light-emitting diode
photovoltaic
TADF
thermally activated delayed fluorescence

description: To date optoelectronic devices have been dominated by inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and gallium nitride. However organic semiconductors have many potential advantages and have shown significant research progress in both organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics. Tightly-bound excitons form intermediate states in the operation of both organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics. Many properties of an exciton are determined by its spin state, which can either be a spin-zero singlet or a spin-one triplet. In both organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics triplet excitons can be a source of loss due to poor radiative coupling to the ground state and energy loss on formation from the singlet state. In this thesis, methods of avoiding loss pathways through triplet states are investigated in both organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics. Carbene-metal-amides are a new class of emitter material for organic light-emitting diodes. High-performance devices are reported with maximum external quantum efficiency of 27%, which indicates effective triplet utilisation. Emission colour can be selected through both molecular design and host environment allowing the demonstration of blue-emitting devices with 19% external quantum efficiency. Host-free devices have been fabricated with record external quantum efficiency of 23%, enabled by a resistance to concentration-dependent luminescence quenching. Electron spin resonance has been used to investigate the mechanism of intersystem crossing between singlets and triplets in the important organic light-emitting diode material, 4CzIPN. It is demonstrated that the spin-vibronic model of intersystem crossing breaks down in device-relevant solid films. Evidence is instead found for back transfer from a spin-correlated radical pair state being the dominant mode of intersystem crossing. With increased film concentration the signal becomes dominated by free polarons, suggesting that charge separation may be a mechanism of luminescence quenching at high concentration. In many organic photovoltaic material systems triplets are low-lying states from which charge separation is not energetically favoured. In this thesis, attempts are made to negate this triplet loss pathway by the use of low singlet-triplet energy gap materials to ensure that the charge-transfer state can be endothermically accessed from all molecular exciton states.
description: Funded by EPSRC
Topological vacuum structure of the Schwinger model with matrix product states
Creators: name: Funcke, Lena
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kühn, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the single-flavor Schwinger model with a topological $θ$-term, which is practically inaccessible by standard lattice Monte Carlo simulations due to the sign problem. By using numerical methods based on tensor networks, especially the one-dimensional matrix product states, we explore the non-trivial $θ$-dependence of several lattice and continuum quantities in the Hamiltonian formulation. In particular, we compute the ground-state energy, the electric field, the chiral fermion condensate, and the topological vacuum susceptibility for positive, zero, and even negative fermion mass. In the chiral limit, we demonstrate that the continuum model becomes independent of the vacuum angle $θ$, thus respecting CP invariance, while lattice artifacts still depend on $θ$. We also confirm that negative masses can be mapped to positive masses by shifting $θ\rightarrow θ+π$ due to the axial anomaly in the continuum, while lattice artifacts non-trivially distort this mapping. This mass regime is particularly interesting for the (3+1)-dimensional QCD analog of the Schwinger model, the sign problem of which requires the development and testing of new numerical techniques beyond the conventional Monte Carlo approach.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Smart IoT-Based Drip Irrigation System for Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency
Creators: name: Shanjida Osman Tasnim Oaishe, Mispia Paul, Mohammed Saifuddin Munna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Smart drip irrigation systems are revolutionizing agriculture by using IoT technology to optimize water usage and improve crop yields. This research introduces an advanced IoT-based drip irrigation system built on an Arduino Nano platform, which integrates soil moisture sensors, weather data, and crop-specific requirements to create efficient irrigation schedules. The system continuously monitors real-time data, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and water levels, and processes this information to control automated valves, ensuring precise water delivery while minimizing waste. With wireless communicationmodules, farmers can remotely monitor and adjust irrigation settings via an online, reducing the need for on-site management. The system's flexibility and scalability make it adaptable for various crops and farming conditions, providing a sustainable, cost-effective solution that conserves water, increases yields, and reduces labor costs. This study highlights the potential of IoT-based smart drip irrigation systems to enhance agricultural efficiency, address water scarcity challenges, and promote sustainable farming practices.
Additional file 1 of Circular RNA expression profiles during the differentiation of mouse neural stem cells
Creators: name: Yang, Qichang
name: Wu, Jing
name: Zhao, Jian
name: Xu, Tianyi
name: Zhao, Zhongming
name: Song, Xiaofeng
name: Han, Ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: : Figure S1. Heatmap and correlation matrix for top 200 expressed genes in different time course. Figure S2. Profiling of differentially expressed mRNAs during NSC differentiation. Figure S3. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG PATHWAY analysis on the differentially expressed genes in differentiation. Figure S4. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG PATHWAY analysis on differentially expressed mRNA in Pattern 1, 2 and 3. Figure S5. Circular/linear expression ratio between these circRNA and their parental genes. Figure S6. GO enrichment analysis on mRNA in the co-expression network. Figure S7. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG PATHWAY analysis mRNA in the co-expression network in Pattern 1, 2 and 3. Table S1. Number of genes expressed at various FPKM thresholds in different group. Table S2. Number of Up-regulated genes and Down-regulated genes in differential analysis. Table S3. GO analysis of the differentially expressed mRNA in Pattern 4#. Table S4. Number of circRNA expressed in differentiation. (PDF 1228Â kb)
Berry curvature memory through electrically driven stacking transitions
Creators: name: Xiao, Jun
name: Wang, Ying
name: Wang, Hua
name: Pemmaraju, C. D.
name: Wang, Siqi
name: Muscher, Philipp
name: Sie, Edbert J.
name: Nyby, Clara M.
name: Devereaux, Thomas P.
name: Qian, Xiaofeng
name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Lindenberg, Aaron M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two-dimensional layered quantum materials, the stacking order of the layers determines both the crystalline symmetry and electronic properties such as the Berry curvature, topology and electron correlation. Electrical stimuli can influence quasiparticle interactions and the free-energy landscape, making it possible to dynamically modify the stacking order and reveal hidden structures that host different quantum properties. Here we demonstrate electrically driven stacking transitions that can be applied to design nonvolatile memory based on Berry curvature in few-layer WTe$_2$. The interplay of out-of-plane electric fields and electrostatic doping controls in-plane interlayer sliding and creates multiple polar and centrosymmetric stacking orders. In situ nonlinear Hall transport reveals such stacking rearrangements result in a layer-parity-selective Berry curvature memory in momentum space, where the sign reversal of the Berry curvature and its dipole only occurs in odd-layer crystals. Our findings open an avenue towards exploring coupling between topology, electron correlations, and ferroelectricity in hidden stacking orders and demonstrate a new low-energy-cost, electrically controlled topological memory in the atomically thin limit.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
DIFFERENT METHODS AND APPROACHES OF TEACHING.LISTENING THROUGH IT TECHNOLOGY
Creators: name: Khayrullayeva, Nodira
name: Murotova, Sabina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article explores various methods and approaches to teaching listening skills in the context of modern education, particularly through the integration of technology. As listening is a critical component of effective communication and learning, the article examines traditional pedagogical techniques alongside innovative digital tools that enhance auditory comprehension. It highlights the effectiveness of multimedia resources, such as podcasts, interactive listening exercises, and language learning apps, in engaging students and catering to diverse learning styles. Additionally, the article discusses the role of online platforms and virtual classrooms in facilitating collaborative listening activities, allowing for real-time feedback and interaction among learners. By analyzing the strengths and limitations of these methods, the article aims to provide educators with practical insights and strategies to foster improved listening skills in their students, ultimately contributing to a more holistic approach to language acquisition in the digital age.
An Analysis of Trade Credit and Macroeconomic Fluctuations
Creators: name: Reischer, Margit
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Production Networks
Financial Frictions
Trade Credit
Aggregate Fluctuations

description: Trade credit in the form of delayed input payments is an important source of financing for all types of firms. Empirical evidence on business cycle patterns and the usage of trade credit in the US economy suggests that trade credit comoves strongly with GDP and was severely affected at the onset of the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis. Motivated by these observations, this thesis studies the role of trade credit for the propagation of financial shocks in a production network and its implications for aggregate and sectoral outcomes. To this end, I introduce a static quantitative multisector model featuring trade in intermediate inputs and endogenous trade credit linkages and costs between representative firms in each sector. Firms face working capital constraints and are required to finance their production costs using both bank and supplier credit. In response to a tightening of credit conditions, the endogenous adjustment in the volume and cost of trade credit captures two counteracting mechanisms: (1) Firms smooth interest rate shocks by substituting bank and supplier finance. (2) Any increase in the interest rate that a firm charges on trade credit tightens the financing terms of its customers thereby amplifying financial shocks. In equilibrium, the working capital constraint distorts the demand for production inputs and aggregate output as common to models with distortions. The interdependency of credit distortions further affects the propagation of financial shocks and it is shown that sectors extending a lot of trade credit to their customers relative to their own financing needs play a crucial role in the transmission of shocks to the cost of external funds. In a quantitative application of the model to the US economy during the crisis, simulations featuring financial shocks only show that the model captures approximately a third of the drop in output, half of which can be attributed to the existence of trade credit linkages alone. I also show that the ability of firms to adjust their borrowing portfolio overall decreases aggregate volatility by less than two percent. This suggests that the smoothing mechanism of trade credit was operative, though small. In a final application, I quantify the predictions of the model and show that firms acting as important financial intermediaries for their customers are systemically important and generate large spillovers.
Jean de Bergerand
Creators: name: Plouvain, Pierre-Antoine-Samuel-Joseph (1754-1832)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017
Subjects: Officier de justice d'Ancien Régime

description: Source: http://www.sudoc.fr/080675700
description: Coverage: Parlement de Flandre
Stenoloba oculatoides Han & Kononenko 2009, sp. n.
Creators: name: Han, H. L.
name: Kononenko, V. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Stenoloba
Stenoloba oculatoides

description: Stenoloba oculatoides Han & Kononenko sp. n.
(Figs. 5, 22)
 Type material. Holotype: male, China, Prov. Yunnan, Pur, 14.vi.2007 (coll. H.L. Han). The holotype preserved in the collection of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin.
 Diagnosis. The type specimen is in worn condition; therefore we can not present comparative diagnosis by external appearance. Judging from the structure of the male genitalia the new species belongs to the S. clara species group. It is close to S. oculata Draudt, 1950, but differs by more massive and more constricted valva, structure of tegumen and vinculum, and structure of aedeagus and vesica.
 Description. Adult (Fig. 5). Wingspan 24 mm. Forewing narrow, with parallel costal and ventral margins; costa in basal part arched; outer margin straight, perpendicular to inner margin; tornal angle widely rounded. Basal field with oblique line of black scales bordered with green, orbicular and reniform stigmata present; main lines more strongly expressed in costal area; subterminal line forms blackish triangle in costal area, diffused in the rest of wing; tornal spot present. Hindwing brownish grey, discal spot traceable.
 Male genitalia (Fig. 22). Genital armature more massive compared with those of S. oculata. Uncus small, reduced, flat; tegumen wide, short; vinculum 3 times higher than tegumen; peniculus expressed; juxta small, plate-like; transtilla moderately sclerotized. Valva, unlike to S. oculata, broad at base, gradually constricted to apex; apical part tapering; costa strong, with prominent plate-like extension in apical third; sacculus long, clasper as sclerotized longitudinal bar. Aedeagus relatively long, straight, vesica tubular, extended medially, with small plate-like cornutus and fine scobination in mid part. Female unknown.
 Etymology. The species name “ oculatoides ” indicates its close relation to Stenoloba oculata.
 Distribution. The species is known only from its type-locality, Prov. Yunnan, South West China.
description: Published as part of Han, H. L. & Kononenko, V. S., 2009, A review of the genus Stenoloba Staudinger, 1892 from China, with description of 6 new species and 7 new records for China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Bryophilinae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 2268 (1) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2268.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306321
Petrogenesis of Jurassic granitoids in the west central Lhasa subterrane, Tibet, China: the Geji example
Creators: name: Wang, Yong
name: Tang, Juxing
name: Wang, Liqiang
name: Duan, Jilin
name: Danzhen, Wangxiu
name: Li, Shen
name: Li, Zhuang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The Jurassic magmatic and volcanic rocks are widespread along the west central Lhasa subterrane. However, the petrogenesis of these rocks is poorly understood because of lacking high-quality geochronology and geochemical data. Here, we present new zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotopic data, whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for the Songduole and Qiangnong plutons in Geji area. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircon yield crystallization ages of 172.1 ± 1.9 and 155.9 ± 1.2 Ma for the Songduole and Qiangnong plutons, respectively. Geochemically, Songduole and Qiangnong granodiorite are characterized by high MgO (2.63–3.49 wt%), high Mg# (49–50), and low TiO2 (0.48–0.57 wt%). Besides, all rocks show metaluminous, calc-alkaline signatures, with strong depletion of Nb, Ta, and Ti, enrichment of large-ion lithophile (e.g. Rb, Th, K), and a negative correlation between SiO2 and P2O5. All these features are indicative of arc-related I-type magmatism. Five samples from the Songduole granodiorite have whole rock (87Sr/86Sr)i of 0.71207–0.71257, εNd(t) values of −15.1 to −13.9, zircon εHf(t) values of −17.4 to −10.5, (206Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 18.402–18.854, (207Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 15.660–15.736, and (208Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 38.436–39.208. Samples from the Qiangnong granodiorite have (87Sr/86Sr)i of 0.71230–0.71252, εNd(t) values of −15.1 to −14.2, zircon εHf(t) values of −12.6 to −6.4, (206Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 18.688–18.766, (207Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 15.696–15.717, and (208Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 38.546–39.083. These geochemical signatures indicate that the two plutons most likely originated from partial melting of the ancient Lhasa lower crust with obvious inputs of mantle-derived melts. Combined with regional geology, our results indicate that the Jurassic magmatism in the west central Lhasa subterrane most likely resulted from the southward subduction of the Bangong Ocean lithosphere beneath the central Lhasa terrane.
On the relationship between directed percolation and the synchronization transition in spatially extended systems
Creators: name: Ginelli, F.
name: Livi, R.
name: Politi, A.
name: Torcini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nature of the synchronization transition in spatially extended systems by discussing a simple stochastic model. An analytic argument is put forward showing that, in the limit of discontinuous processes, the transition belongs to the directed percolation (DP) universality class. The analysis is complemented by a detailed investigation of the dependence of the first passage time for the amplitude of the difference field on the adopted threshold. We find the existence of a critical threshold separating the regime controlled by linear mechanisms from that controlled by collective phenomena. As a result of this analysis we conclude that the synchronization transition belongs to the DP class also in continuous models. The conclusions are supported by numerical checks on coupled map lattices too.
Future Traffic Management System Empowered by Reinforcement Learning and V2X technologies
Creators: name: Rusheng Zhang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Traffi c congestion in major cities around the globe is a daunting problem that is getting worse as the speed of urbanization keeps increasing. The role of traffi c lights at intersections in regulating flows cannot be underestimated. Though there are a variety of actuated tra ffic signals based on cameras or loop detectors, the cost of these technologies is prohibitively large. This is why the vast majority of existing tra ffic lights in the world employ a timerbased decision logic which is clearly not very e ffective.
Dedicated Short-range Communication (DSRC) is a relatively new short to medium range wireless communication technology used for inter-vehicular communication. With this communications technology or other existing technologies such as cellular, Wi , Bluetooth
or UWB, an intelligent tra ffic signal control (ITSC) can be much more cost-e ffective since the majority of intersections can be equipped with actuated tra ffic signals with low cost.
On the other hand, wireless Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communications based ITSC is considerably di fferent from traditional ITS; hence, adapting
current ITS to V2X based systems is pretty di fficult. Tra ffic control algorithms will also need to be re-designed to implement the unique properties of wireless communication.
In this thesis, several new forms of possible future infrastructure-based and infrastructure free ITSC systems are researched, in terms of simulation results, prototype system design, algorithm studies. The future tra ffic systems introduced are Virtual Tra ffic Lights (VTL), DSRC-Actuated traffi c signal control (DSRC-ATSC), and a more advanced version of DSRCATSC: Partially Detected Intelligent Traffi c Signal Control (PD-ITSC) System. We explore the capacity of state-of-art Reinforcement Learning algorithm on the PD-ITSC systems.
Zoology of spin and orbital fluctuations in ultrathin oxide films
Creators: name: Pickem, Matthias
name: Kaufmann, Josef
name: Held, Karsten
name: Tomczak, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many metallic transition-metal oxides turn insulating when grown as films that are only a few unit-cells thick. The microscopic origins of these thickness induced metal-to-insulator transitions however remain under dispute. Here, we simulate the extreme case of a monolayer of an inconspicuous correlated metal -- the strontium vanadate SrVO$_3$ -- deposited on a SrTiO$_3$ substrate. Crucially, our system can have a termination to vacuum consisting of either a SrO or a VO$_2$ top layer. While we find that both lead to Mott insulating behavior at nominal stoichiometry, the phase diagram emerging upon doping -- chemically or through an applied gate voltage -- is qualitatively different. Indeed, our many-body calculations reveal a cornucopia of nonlocal fluctuations associated with (in)commensurate antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, as well as stripe and checkerboard orbital ordering instabilities. Identifying that the two geometries yield crystal-field splittings of opposite signs, we elucidate the ensuing phases through the lens of the orbital degrees of freedom. Quite generally, our work highlights that interface and surface reconstruction and the deformation or severing of coordination polyhedra in ultra-thin films drive rich properties that are radically different from the material's bulk physics.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Decoy-state round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution with source errors
Creators: name: Mao, Qian-Ping
name: Wang, Le
name: Zhao, Sheng-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a promising quantum key distribution (QKD), most of the existing round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (RRDPS-QKD) protocols have adopted the decoy-state method and have assumed the source states are exactly controlled. However, the precise manipulation of source states is impossible for any practical experiment, and the RRDPS-QKD with source errors has an unignorable impact on the performance of the protocol. In the paper, we study the three-intensity decoy-state RRDPS-QKD protocol with source errors, formulate the secure generation key rate of the proposed protocol, do the numerical simulations to testify the deductions. The results show that our evaluation can estimate the influence of source errors.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Neutrino Physics and Astronomy with MACRO
Creators: name: Bernardini, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MACRO experiment operated in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. Neutrino events collected by this detector are used in order to study the atmospheric neutrino flux. Different measurements in different energy samples are in full agreement and show evidence of neutrino oscillation phenomenon. Also the search for neutrino astrophysical sources is reported.
description: 3 pages, 6 figures, Physics in Collision, Stanford, California, 2002, THAP04
Finding the Exact Distribution of (Peak) Age of Information for Queues of PH/PH/1/1 and M/PH/1/2 Type
Creators: name: Akar, Nail
name: Dogan, Ozancan
name: Atay, Eray Unsal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bufferless and single-buffer queueing systems have recently been shown to be effective in coping with escalated Age of Information (AoI) figures arising in single-source status update systems with large buffers and FCFS scheduling. In this paper, for the single-source scenario, we propose a numerical algorithm for obtaining the exact distributions of both the AoI and the peak AoI (PAoI) in (i) the bufferless $PH/PH/1/1/P(p)$ queue with probabilistic preemption with preemption probability $p$, $0 \leq p \leq 1,$ and (ii) the single buffer $M/PH/1/2/R(r)$ queue with probabilistic replacement of the packet in the queue by the new arrival with replacement probability $r$, $0 \leq r \leq 1$. The proposed exact models are based on the well-established theory of Markov Fluid Queues (MFQ) and the numerical algorithms are matrix-analytical and they rely on numerically stable and efficient vector-matrix operations. Moreover, the obtained exact distributions are in matrix exponential form, making it amenable to calculate the tail probabilities and the associated moments straightforwardly. Firstly, we validate the accuracy of the proposed method with simulations, and for sume sub-cases, with existing closed-form results. We then comparatively study the AoI performance of the queueing systems of interest under varying traffic parameters.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
K dwarfs and the chemical evolution of the Solar cylinder
Creators: name: Kotoneva, E.
name: Flynn, C.
name: Chiappini, C.
name: Matteucci, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: K-dwarfs have life-times older than the present age of the Galactic disc, and are thus ideal stars to investigate the disc's chemical evolution. We have developed several photometric metallicity indicators for K dwarfs, based an a sample of accurate spectroscopic metallicities for 34 disc and halo G and K dwarfs. The photometric metallicities lead us to develop a metallicity index for K dwarfs based only on their position in the colour absolute-magnitude diagram. Metallicities have been determined for 431 single K dwarfs drawn from the Hipparcos catalog, selecting the stars by absolute magnitude and removing multiple systems. The sample is essentially a complete reckoning of the metal content in nearby K dwarfs. We use stellar isochrones to mark the stars by mass, and select a subset of 220 of the stars which is complete in a narrow mass interval. We fit the data with a model of the chemical evolution of the Solar cylinder. We find that only a modest cosmic scatter is required to fit our age metallicity relation. The model assumes two main infall episodes for the formation of the halo-thick disc and thin disc respectively. The new data confirms that the solar neighbourhood formed on a long timescale of order 7 Gyr.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Reading for Pleasure in Nigeria: An In-depth Case Study of the Reading Habits of a Small Group of 9–12 Year Olds in Nigeria
Creators: name: Awah, Isang
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Reading for Pleasure
Children Readers
Factors Affecting Reading Habits
Reading Engagement
Sub-Saharan Africa
Leisure Reading
Reading Culture
Reading Habits
Adolescents' Reading Habits
Nigerian Children
Leisure Reading in Nigeria

description: In recent decades, Nigeria has repeatedly had low pass rates in examinations taken at the end of secondary school. There are claims that the low student achievements are largely because Nigerian children do not read for pleasure, even though these claims lack the backing of empirical research. This qualitative study therefore explores reading for pleasure done by a group of 9–12 year olds in a book club in Nigeria. It aims to shed light on the extent to which the children read, how, what, when and why they read, and the factors that affect their engagement with reading for pleasure. A study of children’s reading habits is important as some research suggests that reading for pleasure may offer many benefits including reading proficiency, increased general knowledge, and improved vocabulary. Through an interpretivist theoretical perspective, the study gathered data using the methods of collage making, observation, questionnaire, and interviews. Findings indicate that the participants read for pleasure, though their level of engagement with reading for pleasure differs. All the participants read printed books, and a few participants also read digitally. Popular reading materials include fiction, comics, factual books, crime and detective books, and adventure books. The children have different motivations for reading, but many state that reading is fun and interesting. Some research done in the United States and the United Kingdom indicates that factors such as availability of books, choice of texts, pedagogies of reading and an enabling adult affect children’s engagement with reading for pleasure. This study examined the relevance of these factors to the participants’ reading habits and found that the reading engagement of all the participants may have been, in varying degrees, influenced by them. Other factors that possibly affected the participants’ reading habits were the reading environment, reading aloud, and the availability of social networks and affordances that support leisure reading. The findings could provide guidance on practices that strengthen children’s engagement in reading for pleasure.
THE DEPICTION OF REALISM IN OLIVER TWIST BY CHARLES DICKENS
Creators: name: Khayrullayeva, Nodira
name: Hamdamova, Umida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article explores the intricate depiction of realism in Charles Dickens' seminal work, "Oliver Twist." Set against the backdrop of Victorian England, Dickens employs a vivid narrative style that brings to life the harsh realities faced by the impoverished and marginalized. Through the experiences of the orphaned protagonist, Oliver, and a cast of vividly drawn characters, the novel critiques social injustices, including child labor, poverty, and the failings of the legal system. The article examines how Dickens utilizes detailed descriptions, authentic dialogue, and a stark portrayal of urban life to enhance the reader's understanding of the socio-economic conditions of the time. Additionally, it analyzes the interplay between realism and sentimentality in Dickens' writing, arguing that while he seeks to evoke empathy for his characters, he remains committed to an unflinching representation of their struggles. Ultimately, this study highlights how "Oliver Twist" serves not only as a compelling narrative but also as a powerful social commentary that continues to resonate with contemporary audiences.
A Finite Element Study on the Biomechanics of Intracorneal Implants in Keratoconus Corneal Models
Creators: name: Shima, Hamid Reza Katoozian
name: Katoozian, Hamid Reza
name: Büchler, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster: A Finite Element Study on the Biomechanics of Intracorneal Implants in Keratoconus Corneal Models
Recent Advances in Charm Physics
Creators: name: Smith, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New results from charm experiments have led to renewed interest in this physics. The charm sector is now seen as a powerful tool to search for new physics and to advance our understanding of the standard model. We owe much of this progress to the combination of precision vertexing and large data samples collected by recent e+e- and fixed target experiments. Sensitivities to D0-D0bar mixing and CP violation are approaching some non-standard model predictions. Recent measurements of charmed particle lifetimes and semileptonic decays have added to our understanding of decay mechanisms and the dynamics of heavy-to-light quark transitions. Many of these provide vital input to QCD models and are an essential ingredient in extracting standard model parameters from other measurements. Studies of charmonium production continue to offer new surprises. A recent measurement from Belle indicates that ~60% of J/psi events produced in continuum e+e- collisions are produced with an additional charm quark pair. Fueled by new data from a host of continuing and future experiments, we can expect significant improvement to the standard model and possibly some new surprises.
description: Invited talk at the XXII Physics in Collisions Conference (PIC02), Stanford, Ca, USA, June 2002, 14 pages, LaTeX, 1 eps figure. PSN THAT05
Electronic structure and superconductivity of the non-centrosymmetric Sn$_4$As$_3$
Creators: name: Marques, C. A.
name: Neat, M. J.
name: Yim, C. M.
name: Watson, M. D.
name: Rhodes, L. C.
name: Heil, C.
name: Pervakov, K. S.
name: Vlasenko, V. A.
name: Pudalov, V. M.
name: Muratov, A. V.
name: Kim, T. K.
name: Wahl, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a superconductor that lacks inversion symmetry, the spatial part of the Cooper pair wave function has a reduced symmetry, allowing for the mixing of spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper pairing channels and thus providing a pathway to a non-trivial superconducting state. Materials with a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and with strong spin-orbit coupling are a platform to realize these possibilities. Here, we report the synthesis and characterisation of high quality crystals of Sn$_4$As$_3$, with non-centrosymmetric unit cell ($R3m$). We have characterised the normal and superconducting state using a range of methods. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy shows a multiband Fermi surface and the presence of two surface states, confirmed by Density-functional theory calculations. Specific heat measurements reveal a superconducting critical temperature of $T_c\sim 1.14$ K and an upper critical magnetic field of $H_c\gtrsim 7$ mT, which are both confirmed by ultra-low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows a fully formed superconducting gap, consistent with conventional $s$-wave superconductivity.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Symplectic Quantization of Open Strings and Noncommutativity in Branes
Creators: name: Braga, Nelson R. F.
name: Godinho, Cresus F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to translate boundary conditions into constraints in the symplectic quantization method by an appropriate choice of generalized variables. This way the symplectic quantization of an open string attached to a brane in the presence of an antisymmetric background field reproduces the non commutativity of the brane coordinates.
description: We included a comparison with previous results obtained from Dirac quantization, emphasizing the fact that in the symplectic case the boundary conditions, that lead to the non commutativity, show up from the direct application of the standard method. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
A Discrepancy in Thermal Conductivity Measurement Data of Quantum Spin Liquid $β$'-EtMe$_3$Sb[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$ (dmit = 1,3-Dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate)
Creators: name: Kato, Reizo
name: Uebe, Masashi
name: Fujiyama, Shigeki
name: Cui, Hengbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A molecular Mott insulator $β$'-EtMe$_3$Sb[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$ is a quantum spin liquid candidate. In 2010, it was reported that thermal conductivity of $β$'-EtMe$_3$Sb[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$ is characterized by its large value and gapless behavior (a finite temperature-linear term). In 2019, however, two other research groups reported opposite data (much smaller value and a vanishingly small temperature-linear term) and the discrepancy in the thermal conductivity measurement data emerges as a serious problem concerning the ground state of the quantum spin liquid. Recently, the cooling rate was proposed to be an origin of the discrepancy. We examined effects of the cooling rate on electrical resistivity, low-temperature crystal structure, and $^{13}$C-NMR measurements and could not find any significant cooling rate dependence.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Geometry of rare regions behind Griffiths singularities in random quantum magnets
Creators: name: Kovács, István A.
name: Iglói, Ferenc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many-body systems with quenched disorder, dynamical observables can be singular not only at the critical point, but in an extended region of the paramagnetic phase as well. These Griffiths singularities are due to rare regions, which are locally in the ordered phase and contribute to a large susceptibility. Here, we study the geometrical properties of rare regions in the transverse Ising model with dilution or with random couplings and transverse fields. In diluted models, the rare regions are percolation clusters, while in random models the ground state consists of a set of spin clusters, which are calculated by the strong disorder renormalization method. We consider the so called energy cluster, which has the smallest excitation energy and calculate its mass and linear extension in one-, two- and three-dimensions. Both average quantities are found to grow logarithmically with the linear size of the sample. Consequently, the rare regions are not compact: for the diluted model they are isotropic and tree-like, while for the random model they are quasi-one-dimensional.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Model-Based Experimental Investigation of Hydrogenase-Like Electrocatalytic Inactivation and Activation Mechanisms
Creators: name: Wang, Yian
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: molecular catalyst
hydrogenase
heterogeneous catalysis
activation and inactivation mechanism
mathematical model
glucose oxidation
finite difference method
operator-splitting

description: This thesis describes an experimental design framework study which is focused on the investigation of highly complex electrocatalytic mechanisms. Fully model-based approaches combined with the Butler-Volmer model is employed from a pure theoretical model to a validation of practical chemical reactions. The initial chapters introduce the fundamentals and applications of the electrochemistry. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the electrode processes and the governing physical factors which may limit an electrolysis reaction. In Chapter 2, detailed simulation techniques are introduced to interpret an abstractive system into a mathematic problem then to find an accurate, efficient and stable path to the solution. The results begin in Chapter 3, in which a novel high-order operator-splitting (OS) scheme, with fully implicit finite difference (FIFD) method is first time proposed to numerically solve the stiff nonlinear problems in electrochemistry, particularly in electrocatalysis. The developed algorithm is tested through a series of validations for different electrochemical reactions on large planar electrodes. The model predictions employing this method were verified against a classic two-point time evolution implicit finite difference method for typical electrochemical systems. In Chapter 4, the numerical methods are applied to explore a complex redox system, a recently observed hydrogenase-like reaction. Subtle kinetic and mechanistic information is extracted from the voltammetric behaviour and quantitative mechanistic insights obtained. In Chapter 5, an alternative chronoamperometric voltammetry is introduced to explore the same electrocatalytic system described in Chapter 4 in order to explore some unusual current features observed in the redox chemistry. These stepwise studies support a mechanism for glucose oxidation that proceeds most likely through a complex electrocatalytic (EC’CE) scheme with catalytic steps similar to the ones reported for [NiFe] hydrogenases. The overall mechanism of the molecular inactivation and activation process (IAP) was detailed on the basis of our experimentally validated models and compared to [NiFe] hydrogenase IAP. Our findings offer novel perspectives to design finely optimised catalysts by eliminating the inactivation phenomena.
Stenoloba brunneola Han & Kononenko 2009, comb. n.
Creators: name: Han, H. L.
name: Kononenko, V. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Stenoloba
Stenoloba brunneola

description: Stenoloba brunneola (Draudt, 1950) comb. n.
(Figs. 9, 10, 25, 42)
 Bryophila brunneola Draudt, 1950, Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellshaft, 40(1): 14, Pl. 3: 4. Type locality: China, Likiang. Holotype: female, preserved in ZFMK, Bonn.
 Material examined. Holotype of Bryophila brunneola (Fig. 10, ZFMK). 7 males, 9 females, China, Prov. Yunnan, Pur, 14.vi.2007 (coll. H.L. Han).
 Diagnosis. The species was described from a single female and placed in the genus Bryophila (Draudt 1950). However the head structure with prominent frons and the genitalia show a relationship with Stenoloba. This species belongs to a distinct group within the genus. A redescription follows.
 Description. Adult (Figs. 9, 10). Wingspan 28–30 mm. Head and thorax reddish-brown; thoracic crest distinct, moderate, bordered with black scales. Forewing moderately wide, costa arched basally. Ground colour of forewing reddish-brown, with light greenish tint, especially conspicuous in light areas. Costal field somewhat paler than ground colour; basal area with black suffusion; subbasal line thin, black, surrounded by white and shadowed with black; orbicular formed by thin black line; antemedial line starts on costa, follows through orbicular, angled near inner margin; reniform formed by thin black line, vertically elongate; submedial line arched in central area, parallel to outer margin; subterminal line indistinct, suffused with whitish scales; tornal streak thin, distinct, tornal spot white; cilia reddish-brown. Hindwing brown, discal spot distinct, suffused.
 Male genitalia (Fig. 25). Uncus very short, rudimental, tegumen and vinculum narrow, approximately equal in height; juxta wide, deltoid; transtilla with wide sclerotized lobes. Valva relatively short, basally moderately wide, somewhat tapered apically, quadrangular on apex; sacculus moderate, clasper bar weakly expressed; top of valva covered with numerous setae and strong bristles, tornal angle of valva with separate short spine. Aedeagus large, straight, vesica tubular, projecting ventrally, bearing three moderate diverticula covered with tiny plate-like cornuti and sclerotized bar on ventral surface.
 Female genitalia (Fig. 42). Ovipositor short, quadrangular; apophyses anteriores and posteriores short, equal in length; antrum elongate, flattened with sclerotization in central part; ductus bursae short, membranous; cervix bursae prominent, sclerotized; bursa large, sack-like.
 Distribution. South West China (Prov. Yunnan).
description: Published as part of Han, H. L. & Kononenko, V. S., 2009, A review of the genus Stenoloba Staudinger, 1892 from China, with description of 6 new species and 7 new records for China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Bryophilinae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 2268 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2268.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306321
A PBPK model to study the transfer of α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) to tissues of fast- and slow-growing broilers
Creators: name: Méda, Bertrand
name: Travel, Angélique
name: Guyot, Yann
name: Henri, Jérôme
name: Royer, Eric
name: Baéza-Campone, Elisabeth
name: Jondreville, Catherine
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to investigate the production-specific factors involved in the transfer of α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD) to broiler meat. The model describes growth and lipid deposition in tissues of fast- (FG) and slow- (SG) growing broilers from hatching to slaughter and simulates the exposure through the ingestion of contaminated feed or expanded polystyrene insulation material. Growth parameters were obtained from the literature while parameters relative to uptake, distribution, and elimination of α-HBCDD were adjusted using results of a previous experiment involving broilers exposed through feed throughout the rearing period or allowed to depurate before slaughter. The model was used to compare the two main edible tissues, breast and leg meat, as well as skin, and to investigate the variability within strain. Between strains and within strain, α-HBCDD assimilation efficiency (AE) is higher when the animals are slaughtered young or heavy. However, increasing slaughter age will lower α-HBCDD concentration in tissues, due to dilution. Based on fresh weight, the concentration of α-HBCDD in breast muscles and skin tends to be lower in SG than in FG broilers (−30 to +10%), while it is 10% to 80% higher in leg muscles. Compared to breast muscles, consuming leg muscles would elicit an exposure 9 and 16 times higher in FG and SG broilers, respectively. The consumption of skin together with muscles would multiply the exposure by up to 36 times compared to breast muscle alone. In case of acute exposure, the α-HBCDD concentration in tissues increased sharply, all the more since the animals are lighter in weight, and then decreased rapidly. In FG broilers, dilution through growth contributed for up to 37%, 28% and 97% to the decontamination of breast muscles, leg muscles and skin, respectively, depending on the duration of depuration before slaughter.