cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ab-initio analysis of plasmon dispersion in sodium under pressure
Creators: name: Ibañez-Azpiroz, J.
name: Rousseau, B.
name: Eiguren, A.
name: Bergara, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an ab-initio study of the electronic response function of sodium in its 5 known metallic phases from 0 to 180 GPa at room temperature. The considered formalism is based on a interpolation scheme within time-dependent density functional theory that uses maximally localized Wannier functions, providing an accurate sampling of the reciprocal space. Besides showing an excellent agreement with inelastic X-ray scattering experiments, our calculations reveal that the drastic decrease of the optical reflectivity recently measured in the high pressure phases oP8 and tI19 is associated to a new low-energy plasmon arising from collective interband excitations. Additionally, our calculations predict the existence of an anisotropic interband plasmon in the stability pressure range of fcc Na (65 to 105 GPa).
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Some Pictures Are Worth 2^(N)o Sentences
Creators: name: Varzi, Achille C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Logic

description: According to the cliché a picture is worth a thousand words. But this is a canard, for it vastly underestimates the expressive power of many pictures and diagrams. In this note we show that even a simple map such as the outline of Manhattan Island, accompanied by a pointer marking North, implies a vast infinity of statements—including a vast infinity of true statements. Back to the outline map of Manhattan. What are the reading conventions for it? First, we have to decide on the syntactic elements. To this end, let a division be any partition of the geometrical line into connected intervals. Then we take as syntactic elements the elements of any division. Since the set of connected intervals of the real line has cardinality 2^(N)o,  it follows that there are that many syntactic elements.
A mechanism for hysteresis in black hole binary state transitions
Creators: name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
name: Armitage, Philip J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that the hysteretic cycle of black hole state transitions arises from two established properties of accretion disks: the increase in turbulent stress in disks threaded by a net magnetic field and the ability of thick (but not thin) disks to advect such a field radially. During quiescence, magnetic field loops are generated by the magnetorotational instability at the interface between the inner hot flow and outer thin disk. Vertical flux is advected into and accumulates stochastically within the inner flow, where it stimulates the turbulence so that $α\sim 1$. The transition to a geometrically thin inner disk occurs when $L \sim α^2 L_{\rm Edd} \sim L_{\rm Edd}$, and the first "thin" disk to form is itself moderately thick, strongly magnetized, and able to advect field inward. These properties favor episodic jet production. As the accretion rate declines magnetic flux escapes, $α$ decreases to $α\sim 0.01 - 0.1$, and a hot inner flow is not re-established until $L \ll L_{\rm Edd}$. We discuss possible observational consequences of our scenario.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Editorial: New Frontiers in Holographic Duality -- From quantum complexity and black holes to hydrodynamics and neutron stars
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last twenty five years, holographic duality has revolutionised our understanding of gauge theories, quantum many-body systems and also quantum black holes. This topical issue is a collection of review articles on recent advances in fundamentals of holographic duality and its applications with special focus on a few areas where it is inter-disciplinary to a large measure. The aim is to provide a sufficient background on relevant phenomenology and other theoretical areas such as quantum information theory to researchers whose primary expertise is in quantum fields, strings and gravity, and also the necessary concepts and methods of holography to researchers in other fields, so that these recent developments could be grasped and hopefully further developed by a wider community. The topics relating to fundamental aspects include understanding of bulk spacetime reconstruction in holography in the framework of quantum error correction along with the spectacular advances in resolution of the information paradoxes of quantum black holes; quantum complexity and its fundamental role in connecting holography with quantum information theory; theoretical and experimental advances in quantum simulators for information mirroring and scrambling in quantum black holes, and teleportation via wormholes; and a pedagogical review on wormholes also. The topics related to applied holography include applications to hydrodynamic attractor and its phenomenological implications, modelling of equation of state of QCD matter in neutron stars, and finally estimating hadronic contribution to light-by-light scattering for theoretical computation of the muon's $g-2$.
description: 4 pages; Editorial for the special topical issue "New Frontiers in Hologrpahic Duality" of EPJC
Solar System Moons as Analogs for Compact Exoplanetary Systems
Creators: name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Hinkel, Natalie R.
name: Raymond, Sean N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of exoplanetary science has experienced a recent surge of new systems that is largely due to the precision photometry provided by the Kepler mission. The latest discoveries have included compact planetary systems in which the orbits of the planets all lie relatively close to the host star, which presents interesting challenges in terms of formation and dynamical evolution. The compact exoplanetary systems are analogous to the moons orbiting the giant planets in our Solar System, in terms of their relative sizes and semi-major axes. We present a study that quantifies the scaled sizes and separations of the Solar System moons with respect to their hosts. We perform a similar study for a large sample of confirmed Kepler planets in multi-planet systems. We show that a comparison between the two samples leads to a similar correlation between their scaled sizes and separation distributions. The different gradients of the correlations may be indicative of differences in the formation and/or long-term dynamics of moon and planetary systems.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
Path-Independent Consideration
Creators: name: Lleras, Juan
name: Masatlioglu, Yusufcan
name: Nakajima, Daisuke
name: Ozbay, Erkut
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: revealed preferences
limited attention
consideration set
choice reversals
path independence

description: In the context of choice with limited consideration, where the decision-maker may not pay attention to all available options, the consideration function of a decision maker is path-independent if her choice cannot be manipulated by the presentation of the choice set. This paper characterizes a model of choice with limited consideration with path independence, which is equivalent to a consideration function that satisfies both the attention filter and consideration filter properties from Masatlioglu et al. (2012) and Lleras et al. (2017), respectively. Despite the equivalence of path-independent consideration with the consideration structures from these two papers, we show that, to have a choice with limited consideration that is path-independent, satisfying both axioms on the choice function that characterize choice limited consideration with attention and consideration filters unilaterally (from Masatlioglu et al. (2012) and Lleras et al. (2017)) is necessary but not sufficient.
Highly efficient spin transport in epitaxial graphene on SiC
Creators: name: Dlubak, Bruno
name: Martin, Marie-Blandine
name: Deranlot, Cyrile
name: Servet, Bernard
name: Xavier, Stéphane
name: Mattana, Richard
name: Sprinkle, Mike
name: Berger, Claire
name: De Heer, Walt A.
name: Petroff, Frédéric
name: Anane, Abdelmadjid
name: Seneor, Pierre
name: Fert, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin information processing is a possible new paradigm for post-CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) electronics and efficient spin propagation over long distances is fundamental to this vision. However, despite several decades of intense research, a suitable platform is still wanting. We report here on highly efficient spin transport in two-terminal polarizer/analyser devices based on high-mobility epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide. Taking advantage of high-impedance injecting/detecting tunnel junctions, we show spin transport efficiencies up to 75%, spin signals in the mega-ohm range and spin diffusion lengths exceeding 100 μm. This enables spintronics in complex structures: devices and network architectures relying on spin information processing, well beyond present spintronics applications, can now be foreseen.
Battery Stress Factor Ranking for Accelerated Degradation Test Planning Using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Saxena, Saurabh
name: Roman, Darius
name: Robu, Valentin
name: Flynn, David
name: Pecht, Michael
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: lithium-ion batteries
cycle life
temperature
C-rate
accelerated testing
machine learning

description: Lithium-ion batteries power numerous systems from consumer electronics to electric vehicles, and thus undergo qualification testing for degradation assessment prior to deployment. Qualification testing involves repeated charge–discharge operation of the batteries, which can take more than three months if subjected to 500 cycles at a C-rate of 0.5C. Accelerated degradation testing can be used to reduce extensive test time, but its application requires a careful selection of stress factors. To address this challenge, this study identifies and ranks stress factors in terms of their effects on battery degradation (capacity fade) using half-fractional design of experiments and machine learning. Two case studies are presented involving 96 lithium-ion batteries from two different manufacturers, tested under five different stress factors. Results show that neither the individual (main) effects nor the two-way interaction effects of charge C-rate and depth of discharge rank in the top three significant stress factors for the capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries, while temperature in the form of either individual or interaction effect provides the maximum acceleration.
Discontinuity in the Music of Django Reinhardt
Creators: name: Givan, Ben
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Music

description: Most analytical literature on jazz still places a premium on structural
unity. Early writers, such as Andre Hodeir (1956) and Gunther Schuller
(1958), sought to legitimize the music in the eyes of the musicological
community by demonstrating its accessibility to traditional formalist interpretation.
This methodological orientation persists in much current jazz
analysis (e.g., Block 1990; Martin 1996; Larson 1998; Harker 1999). In recent
years, however, the formalist view of jazz improvisations as autonomous
artifacts, whose aesthetic value stems from their internal coherence,
has been challenged on the grounds that it remains as inseparably
tied to an inapposite, European ideological heritage as the conservatism it
opposes. Ethnomusicologists and "new" musicologists have instead preferred
to divert their attention toward jazz's immediate social context-primarily
the vernacular culture of black America-and its historic roots
in sub-Saharan Africa (Tomlinson 1992; Walser 1995; Floyd 1995). This
more humanistic perspective has served to dispel formalism's claims to
objectivity. A compromise can be found between these opposing standpoints by regarding
musical structure and social context as inextricably interdependent
(Monson 1996:186, 190). But a further possibility that has yet to be
considered seriously is that jazz might be subjected to close analysis without
necessarily invoking the organicist corollary that the music itself
ought, at some level, to exhibit a unified structure. Indeed, as this paper
will show, an examination of manifestations of discontinuity, rather than
of unity, may offer insight into the creative processes underlying improvised
performance.
Intracellular Delivery of Active Proteins by Polyphosphazene Polymers
Creators: name: Qamar, Bareera
name: Solomon, Melani
name: Marin, Alexander
name: Fuerst, Thomas R.
name: Andrianov, Alexander K.
name: Muro, Silvia
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: polyphosphazene polymers
intracellular protein delivery
endosomal escape
cytosolic delivery
intrecellular delivery of antibody
delivery of apoptotic peptides
cytotoxicity

description: Achieving intracellular delivery of protein therapeutics within cells remains a significant challenge. Although custom formulations are available for some protein therapeutics, the development of non-toxic delivery systems that can incorporate a variety of active protein cargo and maintain their stability, is a topic of great relevance. This study utilized ionic polyphosphazenes (PZ) that can assemble into supramolecular complexes through non-covalent interactions with different types of protein cargo. We tested a PEGylated graft copolymer (PZ-PEG) and a pyrrolidone containing linear derivative (PZ-PYR) for their ability to intracellularly deliver FITC-avidin, a model protein. In endothelial cells, PZ-PYR/protein exhibited both faster internalization and higher uptake levels than PZ-PEG/protein, while in cancer cells both polymers achieved similar uptake levels over time, although the internalization rate was slower for PZ-PYR/protein. Uptake was mediated by endocytosis through multiple mechanisms, PZ-PEG/avidin colocalized more profusely with endo-lysosomes, and PZ-PYR/avidin achieved greater cytosolic delivery. Consequently, a PZ-PYR-delivered anti-F-actin antibody was able to bind to cytosolic actin filaments without needing cell permeabilization. Similarly, a cell-impermeable Bax-BH3 peptide known to induce apoptosis, decreased cell viability when complexed with PZ-PYR, demonstrating endo-lysosomal escape. These biodegradable PZs were non-toxic to cells and represent a promising platform for drug delivery of protein therapeutics.
Preaching to the Unconverted
Creators: name: Uriarte, Maria
name: Yackulic, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Rapid advances in computing in the past 20 years
have lead to an explosion in the development and
adoption of new statistical modeling tools (Gelman and
Hill 2006, Clark 2007, Bolker 2008, Cressie et al. 2009).
These innovations have occurred in parallel with a
tremendous increase in the availability of ecological
data. The latter has been fueled both by new tools that
have facilitated data collection and management efforts
(e.g., remote sensing, database management software,
and so on) and by increased ease of data sharing
through computers and the World Wide Web. The
impending implementation of the National Ecological
Observatory Network (NEON) will further boost data
availability. These rapid advances in the ability of
ecologists to collect data have not been matched by
application of modern statistical tools. Given the critical
questions ecology is facing (e.g., climate change, species
extinctions, spread of invasives, irreversible losses of
ecosystem services) and the benefits that can be gained
from connecting existing data to models in a sophisticated
inferential framework (Clark et al. 2001, Pielke
and Connant 2003), it is important to understand why
this mismatch exists. Such an understanding would
point to the issues that must be addressed if ecologists
are to make useful inferences from these new data and
tools and contribute in substantial ways to management
and decision making.
Advances in Hepatitis E Virus Biology and Pathogenesis
Creators: name: Lin, Shaoli
name: Zhang, Yan-Jin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
virology
life cycle
pathogenesis
virus-cell interactions
Hepatitis E in pregnancy

description: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the causative agents for liver inflammation across the world. HEV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Human HEV strains mainly belong to four major genotypes in the genus Orthohepevirus A, family Hepeviridae. Among the four genotypes, genotype 1 and 2 are obligate human pathogens, and genotype 3 and 4 cause zoonotic infections. HEV infection with genotype 1 and 2 mainly presents as acute and self-limiting hepatitis in young adults. However, HEV infection of pregnant women with genotype 1 strains can be exacerbated to fulminant hepatitis, resulting in a high rate of case fatality. As pregnant women maintain the balance of maternal-fetal tolerance and effective immunity against invading pathogens, HEV infection with genotype 1 might dysregulate the balance and cause the adverse outcome. Furthermore, HEV infection with genotype 3 can be chronic in immunocompromised patients, with rapid progression, which has been a challenge since it was reported years ago. The virus has a complex interaction with the host cells in downregulating antiviral factors and recruiting elements to generate a conducive environment of replication. The virus-cell interactions at an early stage might determine the consequence of the infection. In this review, advances in HEV virology, viral life cycle, viral interference with the immune response, and the pathogenesis in pregnant women are discussed, and perspectives on these aspects are presented.
Temporal and spacial evolution of bursts in creep rupture
Creators: name: Danku, Zsuzsa
name: Kun, Ferenc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the temporal and spacial evolution of single bursts and their statistics emerging in heterogeneous materials under a constant external load. Based on a fiber bundle model we demonstrate that when the load redistribution is localized along a propagating crack front, the average temporal shape of pulses has a right handed asymmetry, however, for long range interaction a symmetric shape with parabolic functional form is obtained. The pulse shape and spatial evolution of bursts proved to be correlated which can be exploited in materials' testing. The probability distribution of the size and duration of bursts have power law behavior with a crossover to higher exponents as the load is lowered. The crossover emerges due to the competition of the slow and fast modes of local breaking being dominant at low and high loads, respectively.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
GIANO-TNG spectroscopy of red supergiants in the young star cluster RSGC2
Creators: name: Origlia, L.
name: Oliva, E.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Mucciarelli, A.
name: Baffa, C.
name: Biliotti, V.
name: Bruno, P.
name: Falcini, G.
name: Gavriousev, V.
name: Ghinassi, F.
name: Giani, E.
name: Gonzalez, M.
name: Leone, F.
name: Lodi, M.
name: Massi, F.
name: Montegriffo, P.
name: Mochi, I.
name: Pedani, M.
name: Rossetti, E.
name: Scuderi, S.
name: Sozzi, M.
name: Tozzi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inner disk of the Galaxy has a number of young star clusters dominated by red supergiants that are heavily obscured by dust extinction and observable only at infrared wavelengths. These clusters are important tracers of the recent star formation and chemical enrichment history in the inner Galaxy. During the technical commissioning and as a first science verification of the GIANO spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we secured high-resolution (R~50,000) near-infrared spectra of three red supergiants in the young Scutum cluster RSGC2. Taking advantage of the full YJHK spectral coverage of GIANO in a single exposure, we were able to identify several tens of atomic and molecular lines suitable for chemical abundance determinations. By means of spectral synthesis and line equivalent width measurements, we obtained abundances of Fe and other iron-peak elements such as V, Cr, Ni, of alpha (O, Mg, Si, Ca and Ti) and other light elements (C, N, Na, Al, K, Sc), and of some s-process elements (Y, Sr). We found iron abundances between half and one third solar and solar-scaled [X/Fe] abundance patterns of iron-peak, alpha and most of the light elements, consistent with a thin-disk chemistry. We found a depletion of [C/Fe] and enhancement of [N/Fe], consistent with CN burning, and low 12C/13C abundance ratios (between 9 and 11), requiring extra-mixing processes in the stellar interiors during the post-main sequence evolution. Finally, we found a slight [Sr/Fe] enhancement and a slight [Y/Fe] depletion (by a factor of <=2), with respect to solar.
description: Paper accepted on A&A
Role of Solution Conductivity in Reaction Induced Charge Auto-Electrophoresis
Creators: name: Moran, Jeffrey L.
name: Posner, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Catalytic bimetallic Janus particles swim by a bipolar electrochemical propulsion mechanism that results from electroosmotic fluid slip around the particle surface. The flow is driven by electrical body forces which are generated from a coupling of a reaction-induced electric field and net charge in the diffuse layer surrounding the particle. This paper presents simulations, scaling, and physical descriptions of the experimentally observed trend that the swimming speed decays rapidly with increasing solution conductivity. The simulations solve the full Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations with multiple ionic species, a cylindrical particle in an infinite fluid, and nonlinear Butler-Volmer boundary conditions to represent the electrochemical surface reactions. The speed of bimetallic particles is reduced in high-conductivity solutions because of reductions in the induced electric field in the diffuse layer near the rod, the total reaction rate, and the magnitude of the rod zeta potential. The results in this work suggest that the auto-electrophoretic mechanism is inherently susceptible to speed reductions in higher ionic strength solutions.
Composition-tunable magnon-polaron anomalies in spin Seebeck effects in epitaxial Bi$_x$Y$_{3-x}$Fe$_{5}$O$_{12}$ films
Creators: name: Kikkawa, Takashi
name: Oyanagi, Koichi
name: Hioki, Tomosato
name: Ishida, Masahiko
name: Qiu, Zhiyong
name: Ramos, Rafael
name: Hashimoto, Yusuke
name: Saitoh, Eiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated hybridized magnon-phonon excitation (magnon polarons) in spin Seebeck effects (SSEs) in Bi$_x$Y$_{3-x}$Fe$_{5}$O$_{12}$ (Bi$_x$Y$_{3-x}$IG; $x=0$, $0.5$, and $0.9$) films with Pt contact. We observed sharp peak structures in the magnetic field $H$ dependence of the longitudinal SSE (LSSE) voltages, which appear when the phonon dispersions are tangential to the magnon dispersion curve in Bi$_x$Y$_{3-x}$IG. By increasing the Bi amount $x$, the peak fields in the LSSE shift toward lower $H$ values due to the reduction of the sound velocities in Bi$_x$Y$_{3-x}$IG. We also measured the SSE in a nonlocal configuration and found that magnon-polaron anomalies appear with different signs and intensities. Our result shows composition-tunability of magnon-polaron anomalies and provides a clue to further unravel the physics of magnon-polaron SSEs.
description: Editors' Suggestion, 14 pages, 11 figures
Emergency department diagnosis of a quadriceps intramuscular loculated abscess/pyomyositis using dynamic compression bedside ultrasonography
Creators: name: Riley, David C.
name: Tichter, Aleksandr Manfred
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine

description: Introduction: A 73-year-old man with a past medical history of myelodysplastic syndrome and recent chemotherapy presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of progressively increasing left thigh pain and swelling. His physical examination revealed left anterolateral diffuse thigh swelling with no erythema or warmth to palpation. The anterolateral quadriceps was markedly tender to palpation. Emergency department bedside dynamic compression ultrasonography that was performed on the left anterolateral thigh revealed a quadriceps intramuscular abscess with loculated yet movable pus. Conclusion: Bedside dynamic compression ultrasonography can assist the emergency or critical care physician in the diagnosis of quadriceps intramuscular abscess or pyomyositis.
Morphologies of z~0.7 AGN Host Galaxies in CANDELS: No trend of merger incidence with AGN luminosity
Creators: name: Villforth, C.
name: Hamann, F.
name: Rosario, D. J.
name: Santini, P.
name: McGrath, E. J.
name: van der Wel, A.
name: Chang, Y. -Y.
name: Guo, Yicheng
name: Dahlen, T.
name: Bell, E. F.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Croton, D.
name: Dekel, A.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Grogin, N.
name: Hamilton, T.
name: Hopkins, P. F.
name: Juneau, S.
name: Kartaltepe, J.
name: Kocevski, D.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Koo, D. C.
name: Lotz, J.
name: McIntosh, D.
name: Mozena, M.
name: Somerville, R.
name: Wild, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The processes that trigger Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) remain poorly understood. While lower luminosity AGN may be triggered by minor disturbances to the host galaxy, stronger disturbances are likely required to trigger luminous AGN. Major wet mergers of galaxies are ideal environments for AGN triggering since they provide large gas supplies and galaxy scale torques. There is however little observational evidence for a strong connection between AGN and major mergers. We analyse the morphological properties of AGN host galaxies as a function of AGN and host galaxy luminosity and compare them to a carefully matched sample of control galaxies. AGN are X-ray selected in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 0.8 and have luminosities 41 < log(L_X [erg/s]) < 44.5. 'Fake AGN' are simulated in the control galaxies by adding point sources with the magnitude of the matched AGN. We find that AGN host and control galaxies have comparable assymetries, Sersic indices and ellipticities at restframe ~950nm. AGN host galaxies show neither higher average asymmetries nor higher fractions of very disturbed objects. There is no increase in the prevalence of merger signatures with AGN luminosity. At 95% confidence we find that major mergers are responsible for <6% of all AGN in our sample as well as <40% of the highest luminosity AGN log(L_X [erg/s]) ~ 43.5). Major mergers therefore either play only a very minor role in the triggering of AGN in the luminosity range studied or time delays are too long for merger features to remain visible.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Magnetic induction processes in Hot Jupiters, application to KELT-9b
Creators: name: Dietrich, Wieland
name: Kumar, Sandeep
name: Poser, Anna Julia
name: French, Martin
name: Nettelmann, Nadine
name: Redmer, Ronald
name: Wicht, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The small semi-major axes of Hot Jupiters lead to high atmospheric temperatures of up to several thousand Kelvin. Under these conditions, thermally ionised metals provide a rich source of charged particles and thus build up a sizeable electrical conductivity. Subsequent electromagnetic effects, such as the induction of electric currents, Ohmic heating, magnetic drag, or the weakening of zonal winds have thus far been considered mainly in the framework of a linear, steady-state model of induction. For Hot Jupiters with an equilibrium temperature $T_{eq} > 1500$ K, the induction of atmospheric magnetic fields is a runaway process that can only be stopped by non-linear feedback. For example, the back-reaction of the magnetic field onto the flow via the Lorentz force or the occurrence of magnetic instabilities. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of self-excited atmospheric dynamos. Our results suggest that the induced atmospheric magnetic fields and electric currents become independent of the electrical conductivity and the internal field, but instead are limited by the planetary rotation rate and wind speed. As an explicit example, we characterise the induction process for the hottest exoplanet, KELT-9b by calculating the electrical conductivity along atmospheric $P-T$-profiles for the day- and nightside. Despite the temperature varying between 3000 K and 4500 K, the resulting electrical conductivity attains an elevated value of roughly 1 S/m throughout the atmosphere. The induced magnetic fields are predominately horizontal and might reach up to a saturation field strength of 400 mT, exceeding the internal field by two orders of magnitude.
Statistical analysis of northward IMF phenomena, transpolar arcs and horse collar aurora
Creators: name: Bower, Gemma E.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Some auroral phenomena occur primarily during quiet geomagnetic conditions when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is directed northward; these auroral features tend to occur poleward of the main auroral oval. The Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) instrument on-board Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) provides a way to observe the auroral regions on the Earth almost simultaneously in northern and southern hemispheres which allows these phenomena to be studied in detail. This thesis presents statistical analyses of transpolar arcs (TPAs) and horse collar aurora (HCA). Firstly, a detection algorithm is created to identify TPAs in the DMSP/SSUSI data based on peaks in the average radiance intensity poleward of 12.5° colatitude. TPAs are found to be observed more frequently in the winter hemisphere. A preference for TPAs to be detected at dawn is also seen. These findings are discussed in relation to current TPA formation models. Similar statistical analysis is performed on HCA identified visually in the DMSP/SSUSI data. As expected, HCA form when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle is small. The occurrence of HCA does not appear to be dependent on season or the IMF Bx component. It is found that the dawn arc of the HCA is usually brighter than the dusk arc. It is suggested that this could lead to the unexpected predominance of TPAs at dawn, and that these are possibly misidentified HCA. Finally, 11 HCA events are studied in further detail with the use of all-sky cameras (ASC) to track the formation and motion of the HCA. The arcs follow the predicted theory and move dawnward (duskward) in the northern hemisphere if the IMF becomes dominated by a negative (positive) By. TPAs and HCA are also seen to occur simultaneously.
A Quantum Biological Switch Based on Superradiance Transitions
Creators: name: Ferrari, D.
name: Celardo, G. L.
name: Berman, G. P.
name: Sayre, R. T.
name: Borgonovi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A linear chain of connected electron sites with two asymmetric sinks, one attached to each end, is used as a simple model of quantum electron transfer in photosynthetic bio-complexes. For a symmetric initial population in the middle of the chain, it is expected that electron transfer is mainly directed towards the strongest coupled sink. However, we show that quantum effects radically change this intuitive "classical" mechanism, so that electron transfer can occur through the weaker coupled sink with maximal efficiency. Using this capability, we show how to design a quantum switch that can transfer an electron to the left or right branch of the chain, by changing the coupling to the sinks. The operational principles of this quantum device can be understood in terms of superradiance transitions and subradiant states. This switching, being a pure quantum effect, can be used as a witness of wave--like behaviour of excitations in molecular chains. When realistic data are used for the photosystem II reaction center, this quantum biological switch is shown to retain its reliability, even at room temperature.
description: submitted to J. Phys. Chem. C
Cre reporter strains produced by targeted insertion of EYFP and ECFP into the ROSA26 locus
Creators: name: Srinivas, Shankar
name: Watanabe, Tomoko
name: Lin, Chyuan-Sheng
name: William, Chris M.
name: Tanabe, Yasuto
name: Jessell, Thomas M.
name: Costantini, Frank
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental biology

description: Background: Several Cre reporter strains of mice have been described, in which a lacZ gene is turned on in cells expressing Cre recombinase, as well as their daughter cells, following Cre-mediated excision of a loxP-flanked transcriptional "stop" sequence. These mice are useful for cell lineage tracing experiments as well as for monitoring the expression of Cre transgenes. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) and variants such as EYFP and ECFP offer an advantage over lacZ as a reporter, in that they can be easily visualized without recourse to the vital substrates required to visualize β-gal in living tissue. Results: In view of the general utility of targeting the ubiquitously expressed ROSA26 locus, we constructed a generic ROSA26 targeting vector. We then generated two reporter lines of mice by inserting EYFP or ECFP cDNAs into the ROSA26 locus, preceded by a loxP-flanked stop sequence. These strains were tested by crossing them with transgenic strains expressing Cre in a ubiquitous (β-actin-Cre) or a cell-specific (Isl1-Cre and En1-Cre) pattern. The resulting EYFP or ECFP expression patterns indicated that the reporter strains function as faithful monitors of Cre activity. Conclusions: In contrast to existing lacZ reporter lines, where lacZ expression cannot easily be detected in living tissue, the EYFP and ECFP reporter strains are useful for monitoring the expression of Cre and tracing the lineage of these cells and their descendants in cultured embryos or organs. The non-overlapping emission spectra of EYFP and ECFP make them ideal for double labeling studies in living tissues.
Spin-1 photons, spin-1/2 electrons, Bell's inequalities, and Feynman's special perspective on quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox that argues for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics as a description of physical reality has been put to rest by John Bell's famous theorem, which inspired numerous experimental tests and brought about further affirmations of quantum reality. Nevertheless, in his writings and public presentations, Richard Feynman never acknowledged the significance of Bell's contribution to the resolution of the EPR paradox. In this paper, we discuss several variants of the Bell inequalities (including one that was specifically espoused by Feynman), and explore the ways in which they demolish the arguments in favor of local hidden-variable theories. We also examine the roots of Feynman's attitude toward Bell's theorem in the context of Feynman's special perspective on quantum mechanics.
description: 21 pages, 60 equations, 6 figures, 2 tables, 15 references
Networks and the market for researchers
Creators: name: Hafner, Flavio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: We study the role of networks in the labor market for young scientists in the United States. Nearly one in five PhD graduates that publish after PhD graduation do so at a university where their advisor has a former co-author; graduates that have such a connection are more than twice as likely to match with the university, even within fine-grained peer groups. We document a citation premium of 12 to 36% for graduates placed through the advisor's network. However, we find no evidence for private information about productivity being revealed through the network.
Brittle to Ductile Transition in a Fiber Bundle with Strong Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Kovacs, K.
name: Hidalgo, R. C.
name: Pagonabarraga, I.
name: Kun, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the failure process of a two-component system with widely different fracture strength in the framework of a fiber bundle model with localized load sharing. A fraction 0\leq α\leq 1 of the bundle is strong and it is represented by unbreakable fibers, while fibers of the weak component have randomly distributed failure strength. Computer simulations revealed that there exists a critical composition α_c which separates two qualitatively different behaviors: below the critical point the failure of the bundle is brittle characterized by an abrupt damage growth within the breakable part of the system. Above α_c, however, the macroscopic response becomes ductile providing stability during the entire breaking process. The transition occurs at an astonishingly low fraction of strong fibers which can have importance for applications. We show that in the ductile phase the size distribution of breaking bursts has a power law functional form with an exponent μ=2 followed by an exponential cutoff. In the brittle phase the power law also prevails but with a higher exponent μ=9/2. The transition between the two phases shows analogies to continuous phase transitions. Analyzing the microstructure of the damage, it was found that at the beginning of the fracture process cracks nucleate randomly, while later on growth and coalescence of cracks dominate which give rise to power law distributed crack sizes.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Dynamical versions of Hardy's uncertainty principle: A survey
Creators: name: Fernández-Bertolin, Aingeru
name: Malinnikova, Eugenia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Hardy uncertainty principle says that no function is better localized together with its Fourier transform than the Gaussian. The textbook proof of the result, as well as one of the original proofs by Hardy, refers to the Phragmén-Lindelöf theorem. In this note we first describe the connection of the Hardy uncertainty to the Schrödinger equation, and give a new proof of Hardy's result which is based on this connection and the Liouville theorem. The proof is related to the second proof of Hardy, which has been underservedly forgotten. Then we survey the recent results on dynamical versions of Hardy's theorem.
On transverse spin sum rules
Creators: name: Harindranath, A.
name: Kundu, Rajen
name: Mukherjee, Asmita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we provide explicit calculations that support the conclusions stated in Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 039102 (2013) (comment), regarding recent literature on transverse polarization. We also compare and contrast two methods of deriving spin sum rules.
description: 11 pages, Latex
Mid- and far-infrared localized surface plasmon resonances in chalcogen-hyperdoped silicon
Creators: name: Wang, Mao
name: Yu, Ye
name: Prucnal, Slawomir
name: Berencén, Yonder
name: Shaikh, Mohd Saif
name: Rebohle, Lars
name: Khan, Muhammad Bilal
name: Zviagin, Vitaly
name: Hübner, René
name: Pashkin, Alexej
name: Erbe, Artur
name: Georgiev, Yordan M.
name: Grundmann, Marius
name: Helm, Manfred
name: Kirchner, Robert
name: Zhou, Shengqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmonic sensing in the infrared region employs the direct interaction of the vibrational fingerprints of molecules with the plasmonic resonances, creating surface-enhanced sensing platforms that are superior than the traditional spectroscopy. However, the standard noble metals used for plasmonic resonances suffer from high radiative losses as well as fabrication challenges, such as tuning the spectral resonance positions into mid- to far-infrared regions, and the compatibility issue with the existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing platform. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of mid-infrared localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in thin Si films hyperdoped with the known deep-level impurity tellurium. We show that the mid-infrared LSPR can be further enhanced and spectrally extended to the far-infrared range by fabricating two-dimensional arrays of micrometer-sized antennas in a Te-hyperdoped Si chip. Since Te-hyperdoped Si can also work as an infrared photodetector, we believe that our results will unlock the route toward the direct integration of plasmonic sensors with the one-chip CMOS platform, greatly advancing the possibility of mass manufacturing of high-performance plasmonic sensing systems.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
The Empirical Implications of the Grossman-Hart Model: Comments on “Incomplete Contracts and the Internal Organization of Firms” by P. Aghion, N. Bloom and J. Van Reenen
Creators: name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This is a comment on “Incomplete Contracts and the Internal Organization of Firms” by P. Aghion, N. Bloom and J. Van Reenen, forthcoming in The Impact of Incomplete Contracts on Economics, edited by Philippe Aghion, Mathias Dewatripont, Patrick Legros, and Luigi Zingales, Oxford University Press, 2015.
On Curie temperature of B20-MnSi films
Creators: name: Li, Zichao
name: Yuan, Ye
name: Begeza, Viktor
name: Rebohle, Lars
name: Helm, Manfred
name: Nielsch, Kornelius
name: Prucnal, Slawomir
name: Zhou, Shengqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: B20-type MnSi is the prototype magnetic skyrmion material. Thin films of MnSi show a higher Curie temperature than their bulk counterpart. However, it is not yet clear what mechanism leads to the increase of the Curie temperature. In this work, we grow MnSi films on Si(100) and Si(111) substrates with a broad variation in their structures. By controlling the Mn thickness and annealing parameters, the pure MnSi phase of polycrystalline and textured nature as well as the mixed phase of MnSi and MnSi1.7 are obtained. Surprisingly, all these MnSi films show an increased Curie temperature of up to around 43 K. The Curie temperature is likely independent of the structural parameters within our accessibility including the film thickness above a threshold, strain, cell volume and the mixture with MnSi1.7. However, a pronounced phonon softening is observed for all samples, which can tentatively be attributed to slight Mn excess from stoichiometry, leading to the increased Curie temperature.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
UU-Tax at SemEval-2022 Task 3: Improving the generalizability of language models for taxonomy classification through data augmentation
Creators: name: Sarhan, Injy
name: Mosteiro, Pablo
name: Spruit, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents our strategy to address the SemEval-2022 Task 3 PreTENS: Presupposed Taxonomies Evaluating Neural Network Semantics. The goal of the task is to identify if a sentence is deemed acceptable or not, depending on the taxonomic relationship that holds between a noun pair contained in the sentence. For sub-task 1 -- binary classification -- we propose an effective way to enhance the robustness and the generalizability of language models for better classification on this downstream task. We design a two-stage fine-tuning procedure on the ELECTRA language model using data augmentation techniques. Rigorous experiments are carried out using multi-task learning and data-enriched fine-tuning. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model, UU-Tax, is indeed able to generalize well for our downstream task. For sub-task 2 -- regression -- we propose a simple classifier that trains on features obtained from Universal Sentence Encoder (USE). In addition to describing the submitted systems, we discuss other experiments that employ pre-trained language models and data augmentation techniques. For both sub-tasks, we perform error analysis to further understand the behaviour of the proposed models. We achieved a global F1_Binary score of 91.25% in sub-task 1 and a rho score of 0.221 in sub-task 2.
Combined action of the bound-electron nonlinearity and the tunnel-ionization current in low-order harmonic generation in noble gases
Creators: name: Sapaev, U
name: Husakou, A
name: Herrmann, J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically low-order harmonic generation in noble gases pumped by intense femtosecond laser pulses in the tunneling ionization regime. We analyze the influence of the phase-mismatching on this process, caused by the generated plasma, and study in dependence on the pump intensity the origin of harmonic generation arising either from the bound-electron nonlinearity or the tunnel-ionization current. It is shown that in argon the optimum pump intensity of about 100 TW/cm$^2$ leads to the maximum efficiency, where the main contribution to low-order harmonics originates from the bound-electron third and fifth order susceptibilities, while for intensities higher than 300 TW/cm$^2$ the tunnel-ionization current plays the dominant role. Besides, we predict that VUV pulses at 133 nm can be generated with relatively high efficiency of about $1.5\times10^{-3}$ by 400 nm pump pulses.
description: page 10 figures 5