cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Move Last and Take Things: Facebook and Predatory Copying
Creators: name: Obear, Josh
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Antitrust law
subject: Social media--Law and legislation
subject: Intellectual property (International law)
subject: Competition, Unfair

description: Facebook’s now decade-long dominance of the social media landscape stands in start contrast with the industry’s early history of dynamism and disruption. The company played a key role in growing the social media industry from the small, niche communities of the early 2000s into the omnipresent societal force it is today. Capitalizing on this growth, Facebook pioneered a business model that now transforms the attention of billions of users into billions of dollars of advertising revenue. But for all of Facebook’s success, perhaps its greatest triumph has been in defending its golden goose from a swarm of competitors eager to claim a share of the profits. Countless challenges from Snapchat, Twitter, Google, and dozens of social network startups have all failed to break Facebook’s hold of the market. This Note argues that Facebook has exploited its market dominance to exclude competitors in the social media market. Despite complaints from competitors and business commentators, Facebook has so far avoided serious antitrust inquiry. By examining Facebook’s history, its business model, and the structural incentives of the social media market, one can see how Facebook leverages its position toward anticompetitive ends. In particular, this Note explores how Facebook copies the popular apps and features developed by its rivals in order to prevent those rivals from establishing a foothold in the social media market. This copycat strategy causes significant non-monetary consumer harms, such as product degradation and stifled innovation, currently neglected by antitrust doctrine. Facebook’s copying campaign highlights the need for courts to consider new frameworks and theories that help identify new forms of anticompetitive conduct.
Using H(z) data as a probe of the concordance model
Creators: name: Seikel, Marina
name: Yahya, Sahba
name: Maartens, Roy
name: Clarkson, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct observations of the Hubble rate, from cosmic chronometers and the radial baryon acoustic oscillation scale, can out-perform supernovae observations in understanding the expansion history, because supernovae observations need to be differentiated to extract H(z). We use existing H(z) data and smooth the data using a new Gaussian Processes package, GaPP, from which we can also estimate derivatives. The obtained Hubble rate and its derivatives are used to reconstruct the equation of state of dark energy and to perform consistency tests of the LCDM model, some of which are newly devised here. Current data is consistent with the concordance model, but is rather sparse. Future observations will provide a dramatic improvement in our ability to constrain or refute the concordance model of cosmology. We produce simulated data to illustrate how effective H(z) data will be in combination with Gaussian Processes.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. GaPP available at http://www.acgc.uct.ac.za/~seikel/GAPP/index.html
Contributions to the molecular phylogeny, phylogeography, and taxonomy of scyphozoan jellyfish
Creators: name: Sparmann, Sarah Franziska
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Scyphozoan jellyfish are a major group of large, bloom-forming marine animals that can disrupt ecological stability and interfere with marine-oriented industries. The widespread geographical distributions and high degrees of morphological plasticity within many species make understanding the overall diversity of scyphozoans difficult. Molecular phylogenetic approaches have the potential to offer powerful insights into many aspects of scyphozoan biology, such as species identification, evolutionary history, and phylogeography that will improve our ability to monitor and manage the roles these animals play in marine ecosystems. We established datasets of 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of several different species of scyphozoans in order to better understand phylogenetic, phylogeographical, and taxonomic patterns within the group. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences resolved closely related taxa but was too variable to resolve deeper relationships with robust statistical support. Combining this marker with a more conserved dataset of nuclear 18S rDNA sequences resulted in a phylogenetic tree with clades that had higher statistical support than in trees inferred from each marker alone. 16S rDNA sequences also showed phylogeographical patterns in Cyanea, distinguishing clearly between a Northeastern Pacific (NEP) clade and a Northwestern Atlantic clade (NWA) (9.71 - 9.93% mean genetic difference MGD), as well as two Atlantic subclades (NWA1, NWA2) (1.79% MGD). Distances within clades ranged from 0.05 - 0.2%. Therefore, 16S rDNA sequences were able to delimit different (putative) species that reflected distinct geographical distributions. In addition, comparative analyses of morphological features and COI sequences from Northeast Pacific isolates of Cyanea demonstrated that C. ferrugenia is a valid lion’s mane species found in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.
Secure Anonymous Database Search
Creators: name: Raykova, Mariana Petrova
name: Vo, Binh D.
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Malkin, Tal G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: There exist many large collections of private data that must be protected on behalf of the entities that hold them or the clients they serve. However, there are also often many legitimate reasons for sharing that data in a controlled manner. How can two parties decide to share data without prior knowledge of what data they have? For example, two intelligence agencies might be willing to cooperate by sharing documents about a specific case, and need a way of determining which documents might be of interest to each other. We introduce and address the problem of allowing such entities to search each other's data securely and anonymously. We aim to protect the content of the queries, as well as the content of documents unrelated to those queries, while concealing the identity of the participants. Although there exist systems for solving similar problems, to our knowledge we are the first to address this specific need and also the first to present a secure anonymous search system that is practical for real-time querying. In order to achieve this in an efficient manner, we make use of Bloom filters [5], definitions of security for deterministic encryption [22] that we adapt and instantiate in the private key setting and of a novel encryption primitive, reroutable encryption.
A mathematical formulation of the random phase approximation for crystals
Creators: name: Cances, Eric
name: Stoltz, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This works extends the recent study on the dielectric permittivity of crystals within the Hartree model [E. Cances and M. Lewin, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 197 (2010) 139--177] to the time-dependent setting. In particular, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the nonlinear Hartree dynamics (also called the random phase approximation in the physics literature), in a suitable functional space allowing to describe a local defect embedded in a perfect crystal. We also give a rigorous mathematical definition of the microscopic frequency-dependent polarization matrix, and derive the macroscopic Maxwell-Gauss equation for insulating and semiconducting crystals, from a first order approximation of the nonlinear Hartree model, by means of homogenization arguments.
Using the Domain Name System for System Break-ins
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: The DARPA Internet uses the Domain Name System (DNS), a distributed database, to map host names to network addresses, and vice-versa. Using a vulnerability first noticed by P.V. Mockapetris, we demonstrate how the DNS can be abused to subvert system security. We also show what tools are useful to the attacker. Possible defenses against this attack, including one implemented by Berkeley in response to our reports of this problem, are discussed, and the limitations on their applicability are demonstrated.
Cochranella resplendens
Creators: name: Restrepo, Adriana
name: Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia
name: Hurtado, Juan P.
name: Marín, Carlos M.
name: Daza, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Cleomaceae
Cochranella
Cochranella resplendens

description: Cochranella resplendens (Lynch & Duellman, 1973): Figure 2D Centrolenella resplendens Lynch and Duellman 1973: 51. Cochranella resplendens — Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch 1991: 23. Material examined. Table 1. Espadarana prosoblepon (Boettger, 1892): Figure 2E Hyla prosoblepon Boettger 1892: 45. Centrolene prosoblepon Noble 1924: 66. Continued Continued Espadarana prosoblepon — Guayasamin et al. 2009: 33. Material examined. Table 1.
description: Published as part of Restrepo, Adriana, Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia, Hurtado, Juan P., Marín, Carlos M. & Daza, Juan M., 2017, Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia, pp. 203-237 in Check List 13 (4) on pages 205-208, DOI: 10.15560/13.4.203
description: {"references": ["Lynch JD, Duellman WE (1973) A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 16: 1 - 66.", "Ruiz-Carranza PM Lynch JD (1991) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia I. Propuesta de una nueva clasificacion generica. Lozania 57: 1 - 30.", "Boettger O (1892) Katalog der Batrachier-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gessellshaft in Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt a. M. Gebruder-Knauer, Frankfurt am Main, 73 pp.", "Noble GK (1924) Some neotropical batrachians preserved in the United States National Museum with a note on the secondary sexual char- acters of these and other amphibians. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37: 65 - 72.", "Guayasamin JM, Castroviejo-Fisher S, Trueb L, Ayarzaguena J, Rada M, Vila C (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa 2100: 1 - 97."]}
title: The results of multispecies surveys of small pelagic fish recruitment in the central-eastern Atlantic Ocean (the Canarian upwelling)
Creators: name: Timoshenko, Nikolay
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session I
Year: 2024
Subjects: Technologies and data
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.From data on fish size in catches collected over half a century in research and fishery cruises, occurrence maps of young age groups of pelagic species have been made. The areas and periods of the most freq uent occurrences were revealed and compared with inter-annual fluctuations in hydrological conditions. The fourth quarter of the year appeared to be the perial with the least range of these fluctuations.
Platforms and the Rule of Reason: The American Express Case
Creators: name: Hovenkamp, Herbert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Antitrust law
subject: Multi-sided platform businesses
subject: Capital market
subject: Jurisprudence

description: This Article considers how antitrust’s rule of reason should be applied to an exclusionary practice on a platform market. It considers the rule of reason’s basic burden-shifting framework, unique elements of market delineation on platform markets and the relevance of placing production complements into the same “market.” It also considers the Court’s regressive, antieconomic conclusion on a proposition that was never briefed—whether a market definition is necessary in an antitrust challenge to a vertical practice. Then it considers the Court’s odd treatment of free rider problems. It also faults the Court for paying so little attention to the record, its lack of economic analysis, and in particular its confusion of total with marginal harms and benefits. Finally, it looks at the implications of the Court’s decision for market delineation in cases involving platforms.
Quantum Magnetomechanics with Levitating Superconducting Microspheres
Creators: name: Romero-Isart, O.
name: Clemente, L.
name: Navau, C.
name: Sanchez, A.
name: Cirac, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that by magnetically trapping a superconducting microsphere close to a quantum circuit, it is experimentally feasible to perform ground-state cooling and to prepare quantum superpositions of the center-of-mass motion of the microsphere. Due to the absence of clamping losses and time dependent electromagnetic fields, the mechanical motion of micrometer-sized metallic spheres in the Meissner state is predicted to be very well isolated from the environment. Hence, we propose to combine the technology of magnetic microtraps and superconducting qubits to bring relatively large objects to the quantum regime.
description: 4.5 pages, 3 figures, amended version
An Anonymous Credit Card System
Creators: name: Androulaki, Elli
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Credit cards have many important benefits; however, these same benefits often carry with them many privacy concerns. In particular, the need for users to be able to monitor their own transactions, as well as bank's need to justify its payment requests from cardholders, entitle the latter to maintain a detailed log of all transactions its credit card customers were involved in. A bank can thus build a profile of each cardholder even without the latter's consent. In this paper, we present a practical and accountable anonymous credit system based on ecash, with a privacy preserving mechanism for error correction and expense-reporting.
Novel quasi-exactly solvable models with anharmonic singular potentials
Creators: name: Agboola, Davids
name: Zhang, Yao-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present new quasi-exactly solvable models with inverse quartic, sextic, octic and decatic power potentials, respectively. We solve these models exactly via the functional Bethe ansatz method. For each case, we give closed-form solutions for the energies and the wave functions as well as analytical expressions for the allowed potential parameters in terms of a set of algebraic equations.
description: LaTex 18 pages. Updated version to appear in Annals of Physics
Hyloscirtus palmeri
Creators: name: Restrepo, Adriana
name: Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia
name: Hurtado, Juan P.
name: Marín, Carlos M.
name: Daza, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Hyloscirtus
Hyloscirtus palmeri

description: Hyloscirtus palmeri (Boulenger, 1908): Figure 5F Hyla palmeri Boulenger 1908: 515. Hyloscirtus palmeri — Faivovich et al. 2005: 85. Material examined. Table 1. Phyllomedusa venusta Duellman & Trueb, 1967: Figure 5G Phyllomedusa venusta Duellman and Trueb 1967: 128. Material examined. Table 1.
description: Published as part of Restrepo, Adriana, Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia, Hurtado, Juan P., Marín, Carlos M. & Daza, Juan M., 2017, Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia, pp. 203-237 in Check List 13 (4) on page 214, DOI: 10.15560/13.4.203
description: {"references": ["Boulenger GA (1908) Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles dis- covered by Mr. M. G. Palmer in south-western Colombia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 th series 2: 515 - 522.", "Faivovich J, Haddad CFB, Garcia PCA, Frost DR, Campbell JA, Wheeler WC (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hyli- dae, with special reference to Hylinae: a phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 294: 1 - 240.", "Duellman WE, Trueb L (1967) Two new species of tree frogs (genus Phyllomedusa) from Panama. Copeia 1967: 125 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442184"]}
title: Macroscale Zones Of High Biological Productivity In The Southpacific Ocean As A Probable Explanation For The Existenceof Relatively Isolated Jack Mackerel (Trachurus Murphy) Stock Units
Creators: name: Chernyshkov, P.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session I
Year: 2024
Subjects: Technologies and data
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Based on analysis of the data on water dynamics (from the international projects WOCE and Argo) and satellite altimetric measurements of the ocean surface level and chlorophyll concentration in the surface layer, macroscale zones of high biological productivity have been identified. These zones are related to closed circulations of intermediate water of Antarctic origin. These waters contain 8-10 times more nutrients than the intermediate water of the northern origin. This means that when upwelled into the photic layer under the impact of mesoscale eddies they form quasistationary zones with high biological productivity located in the western, central, and eastern parts of the South Pacific Ocean. Comparison of the location of these zones with jack mackerel distribution at all life cycle stages (biostatistical and fishery data from catches of research and fishing vessels) allows us to advance a hypothesis on the availability of three relatively isolated stock units of jack mackerel, each of which requires a specific strategy of fishery management
Hacking Our Securities Disclosure System: The Need For Federal Broker-Dealer Disclosure Requirements Vis-À-Vis Cyber Incidents
Creators: name: Auman, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Computer security--Law and legislation
subject: United States. Securities and Exchange Commission
subject: Consumer protection
subject: Stockbrokers--Professional ethics

description: Broker-dealers provide investors with the platform to access security markets. To facilitate this access, clients entrust them with sensitive information, including their names, addresses, and social security numbers. Cyberattacks on the financial sector have advances in sophistication and grown more frequent due to technological advances, adjustments in firm business models, and changes in customer behavior, causing new vulnerabilities in firm information systems. However, even with this increase of cyberattacks against broker-dealers, the lack of public disclosure requirements means little is known about the extent of broker-dealer cyber safety. Under current SEC regulations, broker-dealers must take preventative action, such as establishing safeguards against cyber breached and maintaining security programs that can identify red flags. However, after a cyberattack occurs, firms are only required to file a Suspicious Activity Report to FinCEN, a bureau within the Treasury Department. Unlike public companies and banks, broker-dealers do not have any federal disclosure requirement to the general public for cybersecurity incidents. Addressing this gap requires a comprehensive examination of the tradeoffs involved in implementing broad new federal disclosure requirements for broker-dealers following cybersecurity incidents.
PAR: Payment for Anonymous Routing
Creators: name: Androulaki, Elli
name: Raykova, Mariana Petrova
name: Srivatsan, Shreyas
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Despite the growth of the Internet and the increasing concern for privacy of online communications, current deployments of anonymization networks depend on a very small set of nodes that volunteer their bandwidth. We believe that the main reason is not disbelief in their ability to protect anonymity, but rather the practical limitations in bandwidth and latency that stem from limited participation. This limited participation, in turn, is due to a lack of incentives to participate. We propose providing economic incentives, which historically have worked very well. In this paper, we demonstrate a payment scheme that can be used to compensate nodes which provide anonymity in Tor, an existing onion routing, anonymizing network. We show that current anonymous payment schemes are not suitable and introduce a hybrid payment system based on a combination of the Peppercoin Micropayment system and a new type of "one use" electronic cash. Our system claims to maintain users' anonymity, although payment techniques mentioned previously — when adopted individually — provably fail.
Mixed fractional stochastic differential equations with jumps
Creators: name: Shevchenko, Georgiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G15, 60G22, 60H10, 60J65

description: In this paper, we consider a stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and a Wiener process and having jumps. We prove that this equation has a unique solution and show that all its moments are finite.
Scinax rostratus
Creators: name: Restrepo, Adriana
name: Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia
name: Hurtado, Juan P.
name: Marín, Carlos M.
name: Daza, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Scinax
Scinax rostratus

description: Scinax rostratus (Peters, 1863): Figure 6A Hyla rostrata Peters 1863 a: 466. Scinax rostratus — Köhler and Böhme 1996: 139. Material examined. Table 1. A moderate-sized hylid frog characterized by a conspicuous acuminate and projecting snout in dorsal view, protruding in lateral view (Duellman 1970). Scinax rostratus is readily distinguished from Scinax ruber and Smilisca sila (both species occurring in the Magdalena river valley) by the combination of its characteristic snout and coloration pattern (surfaces of thighs yellow or pale orange with black or dark brown markings in S. rostratus; distinct black and white markings on posterior thighs in S. ruber; blue spots on flanks and posterior surfaces of the thighs in S. sila).
description: Published as part of Restrepo, Adriana, Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia, Hurtado, Juan P., Marín, Carlos M. & Daza, Juan M., 2017, Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia, pp. 203-237 in Check List 13 (4) on page 214, DOI: 10.15560/13.4.203
description: {"references": ["Peters WCH (1863) Fernere Mittheilungen uber neue Batrachier. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen- schaften zu Berlin 1863: 445 - 470.", "Kohler J, Bohme W (1996) Anuran amphibians from the region of Pre-Cambrian rock outcrops (inselbergs) in northeastern Bolivia, with a note on the gender of Scinax Wagler, 1830 (Hylidae). Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie, Herpetologie 23: 133 - 140.", "Duellman WE (1970) The hylid frogs of Middle America. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 1: 1 - 753. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2835"]}
Sunrise, Sunset: An Empirical And Theoretical Assessment of Dual-Class Stock Structures
Creators: name: Winden, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Going public (Securities)
subject: Charters and articles of incorporation
subject: Corporations--Finance
subject: Corporations--Investor relations

description: A battle is brewing for control of America’s most dynamic companies. Entrepreneurs are increasingly seeking protection from interference or dismissal by public investors through the adoption of dual-class stock structures in initial public offerings. Institutional investors are pushing back, demanding that sucks structures be abandoned or strictly limited through subset provisions. The actual terms of dual-class stock structures, however, have been remarkably understudied, so the debate between proponents of prohibition and private ordering is ill-informed. This paper presents the first empirical analysis of the initial, or sunrise, and terminal, or sunset, provisions found in the charters of dual-class companies, with a data set of 139 U.S. pubic companies. Careful selection of such provisions can satisfy both the desire of entrepreneurs to pursue their idiosyncratic visions for value creation without fear of interference or dismissal and the need of investors for a voice to ensure management accountability. Private law firms representing entrepreneurs in initial public offerings play a critical role in the selection of charter provisions, so the onus is on such firms to ensure that private ordering produces a satisfactory resolution before momentum builds for a regulatory solution to investors’ concerns.
title: Accumulation and mineralization of fish farming residuals in the benthic footprint area at two different farming locations in a Faroese fjord
Creators: name: Norði, Gunnvør á
name: Glud, Ronnie N.
name: Simonsen, Knud
name: Gaard, Eilif
Publisher: name: ASC 2010 - Theme session J
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The dispersion, accumulation, and benthic mineralization of organic matter at two trout farming sites in a Faroese fjord were quantified in relation to feeding rates and local hydrodynamics. At the small farm (2025 m2) the food supply increased from 642 to 768 kg C d–1 during a 2.5-month study period. At the larger farm (31 556 m2) the feeding activity increased from 2292 to 7361 kg C d–1 over a study period of 7 months. Six per cent and 10% of the carbon input in the form of feed settled in the 17 210 and 70 200 m2 large footprint area of the small and large farms, respectively. During these periods ~40% of the sedimenting material accumulated within the footprints, whereas the reminder was mineralized. The sedimentation of farm residuals corresponded to less than 10% of the natural sedimentation and benthic mineralization was linearly correlated with the concurrent sedimentation rate.
Gauge invariance, correlated fermions, and photon mass in 2+1 dimensions
Creators: name: de Woul, Jonas
name: Langmann, Edwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 2+1 dimensional quantum gauge theory with correlated fermions that is exactly solvable by bosonization. This model describes a system of Luttinger liquids propagating on two sets of equidistant lines forming a grid embedded in two dimensional continuum space; this system has two dimensional character due to density-density interactions and due to a coupling to dynamical photons propagating in the continuous embedding space. We argue that this model gives an effective description of partially gapped fermions on a square lattice that have density-density interactions and are coupled to photons. Our results include the following: after non-trivial renormalizations of the coupling parameters, the model remains well-defined in the quantum field theory limit as the grid of lines becomes a continuum; the photons in this model are massive due to gauge-invariant normal-ordering, similarly as in the Schwinger model; the exact excitation spectrum of the model has two gapped and one gapless mode.
description: v1: 8 pages, 1 figure v2: 21 pages, 1 figure; appendices with technical details added; changes in introduction and conclusions; references added
There Be Dragons
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Computer science

description: Our security gateway to the Internet, research.att.com, provides only a limited set of services. Most of the standard servers have been replaced by a variety of trap programs that look for attacks. Using these, we have detected a wide variety of pokes, ranging from simple doorknob-twisting to determined assaults. The attacks range from simple attempts to log in as guest to forged NFS packets. We believe that many other sites are being probed but are unaware of it: the standard network daemons do not provide administrators with either appropriate controls and filters or with the logging necessary to detect attacks.
Leptodactylus fuscus
Creators: name: Restrepo, Adriana
name: Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia
name: Hurtado, Juan P.
name: Marín, Carlos M.
name: Daza, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Leptodactylidae
Leptodactylus
Leptodactylus fuscus

description: Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799): Figure 6F Rana fusca Schneider 1799: 130. Leptodactylus fuscus — Heyer 1968: 160. Material examined. Table 1. Leptodactylus savagei Heyer, 2005: Figure 6G Leptodactylus savagei Heyer 2005: 330. Bolitoglossa ramosi Brame & Wake, 1972: Figure 6H Bolitoglossa ramosi Brame and Wake 1972: 9. Material examined. Table 1.
description: Published as part of Restrepo, Adriana, Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia, Hurtado, Juan P., Marín, Carlos M. & Daza, Juan M., 2017, Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia, pp. 203-237 in Check List 13 (4) on page 217, DOI: 10.15560/13.4.203
description: {"references": ["Schneider JG (1799) Historia Amphibiorum Naturalis et Literarariae, Fasciculus Primus. Continens Ranas, Calamitas, Bufones, Sala- mandras et Hydros in Genera et Species Descriptos Notisque suis Distinctos. Friederici Frommanni, Jenna, 290 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4270", "Heyer WR (1968) The proper name for the type-species of the genus Leptodactylus. Copeia 1968: 160 - 162.", "Heyer WR (2005) Variation and taxonomic clarification of the large spe- cies of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Middle America, northern South America, and Amazonia. Arquivos de Zoologia 37: 269 - 348.", "Brame AH, Wake DB (1972) New species of salamanders (genus Bolitoglossa) from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 219: 1 - 34."]}
Amex in Context: Tracing the Application of the Rule of Reason to Vertical Restraints
Creators: name: Rooney, William H.
name: Fleming, Timothy G.
name: Swaminathan, Sruti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Antitrust law
subject: Historical jurisprudence
subject: Price regulation

description: In his 1911 State of the Union address, President William Howard Taft, the former and future jurist, discussed the development of antitrust law since the Sherman Act’s passage: “Slowly the mills of the courts ground, and only gradually did the majesty of the law assert itself.” While Taft allowed for the possibility that some changes to the law may be beneficial, he also argued that the “object” of the Act was “near achievement,” and spoke against those calling to “abandon this work of twenty years and try another experiment[.]” Ultimately, the experiment was not abandoned, and the Sherman Act remains at the center of antitrust law in the United States. Meanwhile, the “mills of the courts” have continued to grind away. Various judges, justices—including the eventual Chief Justice Taft himself—and scholars have shaped the contours of antitrust law. One area of ongoing development is the organic rule of reason, which Taft played no small role in originating. The rule of reason was first articulated in United States v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co.5 in 1898 and played an important role, not long after, in the titanic cases of Standard Oil of New Jersey v. United States6 and United States v. American Tobacco Co. During Taft’s presidency, however, the Supreme Court held that vertically imposed price restraints were per se illegal, and, over the decades that followed, the rule of reason began to wither and was gradually replaced, in significant part, by a series of per se rules.
Minimal Flavour Violation and Neutrino Masses without R-parity
Creators: name: Arcadi, Giorgio
name: Di Luzio, Luca
name: Nardecchia, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the extension of the Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV) hypothesis to the MSSM without R-parity. The novelty of our approach lies in the observation that supersymmetry enhances the global symmetry of the kinetic term and in the fact that we consider as irreducible sources of the flavour symmetry breaking all the couplings of the superpotential including the R-parity violating ones. If R-parity violation is responsible for neutrino masses, our setup can be seen as an extension of MFV to the lepton sector. We analyze two patterns based on the non-abelian flavour symmetries SU(3)^4 \otimes SU(4) and SU(3)^5. In the former case the total lepton number and the lepton flavour number are broken together, while in the latter the lepton number can be broken independently by an abelian spurion, so that visible effects and peculiar correlations can be envisaged in flavour changing charged lepton decays like \ell_i \rightarrow \ell_j γ.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures. References added. Minor changes, to appear in JHEP
title: A Mechanical Shark - The Meinikov - Temnykh Cassette Planktonmeter
Creators: name: Temnykh, Alexandra
name: Melnikov, Victor
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session I
Year: 2024
Subjects: Technologies and data
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The purpose of this report is: 'What samplers can be used for research into small scale zooplankton distribution in coastal water.
Periodic Random Attractors for Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equations on Unbounded Domains
Creators: name: Wang, Bixiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with both non-autonomous deterministic and stochastic terms defined on unbounded domains. We first introduce a continuous cocycle for the equations and then prove the existence and uniqueness of tempered random attractors. We also characterize the structures of the random attractors by complete solutions. When deterministic forcing terms are periodic, we show that the tempered random attractors are also periodic. Since the Sobolev embeddings on unbounded domains are not compact, we establish the pullback asymptotic compactness of solutions by Ball's idea of energy equations.
description: Title changed
Caecilia thompsoni Boulenger 1902
Creators: name: Restrepo, Adriana
name: Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia
name: Hurtado, Juan P.
name: Marín, Carlos M.
name: Daza, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Gymnophiona
Caeciliidae
Caecilia
Caecilia thompsoni

description: Caecilia thompsoni Boulenger, 1902: Figure 7A Caecilia thompsoni Boulenger 1902: 152. Material examined. Table 1. A large caecilian with generally cylindrical body; eye in an open orbit and tentacular aperture below nostril, close to the anterior portion of the face (Lynch 1999). Caecilia thompsoni is readily distinguished from C. subnigricans (another species known from Magdalena river valley) by having a longer body (up to 1.5 m in C. thompsoni; 0.35–0.37 m in C. subnigricans) and more primary (187–240 in C. thompsoni; 145–169 in C. subnigricans) and secondary annuli (26–30 in C. thompsoni; 6–27 in C. subnigricans)
description: Published as part of Restrepo, Adriana, Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia, Hurtado, Juan P., Marín, Carlos M. & Daza, Juan M., 2017, Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia, pp. 203-237 in Check List 13 (4) on page 217, DOI: 10.15560/13.4.203
description: {"references": ["Boulenger GA (1902) Descriptions of two new South-American apodal batrachians. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7 th series 10: 152 - 153.", "Lynch JD, Rueda-Almonacid JV (1999) New species of frogs from low and moderate elevations from the Caldas transect of the eastern flank of the Cordillera Central. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 23: 307 - 314."]}
APOD: Anonymous Physical Object Delivery
Creators: name: Androulaki, Elli
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Delivery of products bought online can violate consumers' privacy, although not in a straightforward way. In particular, delivery companies that have contracted with a website know the company selling the product, as well as the name and address of the online customer. To make matters worse, if the same delivery company has contracted with many websites, aggregated information per address may be used to profile customers' transaction activities. In this paper, we present a fair delivery service system with guaranteed customer anonymity and merchant-customer unlinkability, with reasonable assumptions about the threat model.
Microcaecilia pricei
Creators: name: Restrepo, Adriana
name: Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia
name: Hurtado, Juan P.
name: Marín, Carlos M.
name: Daza, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Gymnophiona
Siphonopidae
Microcaecilia
Microcaecilia pricei

description: Microcaecilia pricei (Dunn, 1944): Figure 7B Gymnopis pricei Dunn 1944: 473. Microcaecilia pricei — Wilkinson, O’Connor and Nassbaum 2013: 7. Material examined. Table 1.
description: Published as part of Restrepo, Adriana, Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia, Hurtado, Juan P., Marín, Carlos M. & Daza, Juan M., 2017, Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia, pp. 203-237 in Check List 13 (4) on page 217, DOI: 10.15560/13.4.203
description: {"references": ["Dunn ER (1944) Notes in Colombian herpetology, III. Caldasia 2: 473 - 474."]}
Biotech Crowdfunding: How the JOBS Act Alone Cannot Save Investors
Creators: name: Wu, Erica
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Crowd funding
subject: Biotechnology industries--Finance
subject: Individual investors
subject: Information asymmetry

description: Equity crowdfunding, the issuance of securities through online platforms to an unlimited number of investors, became a new legal source of capital for companies beginning in May 2016. Crowdfunding is one of several methods enacted by the JOBS Act through which emerging companies, or startups, can better access public capital. However, crowdfunding presents new risks to investors as many of the traditional securities law safeguards that protect investors are reduced or removed. Particularly in the biotech sector, crowdfunding investors are subject to increased information asymmetry, as ordinary individuals investing in complex scientific technologies may lack not only information about the company and the entrepreneur, but also the scientific background necessary to fully evaluate the technology itself. This Noe analyzes the impact of the JOBS Act on biotech investing, focusing on the risks and protections available to crowdfunding investors, within as well as outside the bounds of the securities laws. This Note concludes with a proposal to integrate protections from FDA regulations and patent laws into the crowdfunding rules.
ARIADNE app for the exploration of MINOTAUR database
Creators: name: Vitali, Francesco
name: Adam, Mario
name: Yayende, Vivianne
name: Del Duca, Sara
name: Tondini, Elena
name: Bispo, Antonio
name: Murugan, Rajasekaran
name: Mocali, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis
subject: Biodiversity

description: Deliverable number D2.5 presenting the ARIADNE dashboard for exploration of data collected by the MINOTAUR project, an internal project of EJP-Soil.

The application can be reached here https://ariadne.sk8.inrae.fr/
title: A Spatially Explicit Stock Assessment Model Incorporating Tagging Data
Creators: name: Goethel, Daniel R.
name: Legault, Christopher M.
name: Cadrin, Steven X.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session J
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Although innovations in tagging technologies have led to advances in knowledge about behavior and dynamics of marine populations, traditional tag-recovery studies are still useful especially when incorporated into a stock assessment framework. Although rarely considered in stock assessment models, incorporating movement patterns increases realism of the model, avoids closed population assumptions, and emigration from an area is not interpreted as death.
Epicrionops parkeri
Creators: name: Restrepo, Adriana
name: Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia
name: Hurtado, Juan P.
name: Marín, Carlos M.
name: Daza, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Gymnophiona
Rhinatrematidae
Epicrionops
Epicrionops parkeri

description: Epicrionops parkeri (Dunn, 1942): Figure 7C Rhinatrema parkeri Dunn 1942: 458. Epicrionops parkeri — Taylor 1968: 216. Material examined. Table 1. A bicolored caecilian with well-developed tail; lateral stripe yellow, cream or white from head or second collar onto tail; stripe ending at posterior level of vent; subcaudal region dark lilac to blackish (Taylor 1968). Epicrionops parkeri differs from E. bicolor (a species with similar coloration pattern distributed in Colombia) by having a larger body length and 198 primary annuli (in contrast to 117–135 primary annuli in E. bicolor).
description: Published as part of Restrepo, Adriana, Molina-Zuluaga, Claudia, Hurtado, Juan P., Marín, Carlos M. & Daza, Juan M., 2017, Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia, pp. 203-237 in Check List 13 (4) on page 217, DOI: 10.15560/13.4.203
description: {"references": ["Dunn ER (1942) The American caecilians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 91: 439 - 540.", "Taylor EH (1968) The Caecilians of the World: A Taxonomic Review. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 848 pp."]}
Money As Infrastructure
Creators: name: Ricks, Morgan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Infrastructure (Economics)--Government policy
subject: Monetary policy
subject: Banks and banking--Government policy

description: Traditional infrastructure regulation–the law of regulated industries–rests atop three pillars: rate regulation, entry restriction, and universal service. This mode of regulation has typically been applied to providers of network-type resources: resources that are optimally supplied as integrated systems. The monetary system is such a resource; and money creation is the distinctive function of banks. Bank regulation can therefore be understood as a subfield of infrastructure regulation. With few exceptions, modern academic treatments of banking have emphasizes banks’ intermediation function and downplayed or ignored their monetary function. Concomitantly, in recent decades U.S. bank regulation has strayed from its infrastructural roots. This regulatory drift has been unwise.
SU(2) solutions to self-duality equations in eight dimensions
Creators: name: Dunajski, Maciej
name: Hoegner, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the octonionic self-duality equations on eight-dimensional manifolds of the form $M_8=M_4\times \R^4$, where $M_4$ is a hyper-Kähler four-manifold. We construct explicit solutions to these equations and their symmetry reductions to the non-abelian Seiberg-Witten equations on $M_4$ in the case when the gauge group is SU(2). These solutions are singular for flat and Eguchi-Hanson backgrounds. For $M_4=\R\times {\mathcal G}$ with a cohomogeneity one hyper-Kähler metric, where ${\mathcal G}$ is a nilpotent (Bianchi II) Lie group, we find a solution which is singular only on a single-sided domain wall. This gives rise to a regular solution of the non-abelian Seiberg-Witten equations on a four-dimensional nilpotent Lie group which carries a regular conformally hyper-Kähler metric.
description: Dedicated to Jerzy Lukierski on the occasion of his 75th birthday. Final version, to appear in JGP
Cosmological X-ray Scattering from Intergalactic Dust
Creators: name: Corrales, Lia
name: Paerels, Frits
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution X-ray imaging offers a unique opportunity to probe the nature of dust in the z ~< 2 universe. Dust grains 0.1- 1 um in size will scatter soft X-rays, producing a diffuse "halo" image around an X-ray point source, with a brightness ~ few % confined to an arcminute-sized region. We derive the formulae for scattering in a cosmological context and calculate the surface brightness of the scattering halo due to (i) an IGM uniformly enriched (Omega_ d ~ 10^-5) by a power-law distribution of grain sizes, and (ii) a DLA-type (N_H ~ 10^21 cm^-2) dust screen at cosmological distances. The morphology of the surface brightness profile can distinguish between the two scenarios above, place size constraints on dusty clumps, and constrain the homogeneity of the IGM. Thus X-ray scattering can gauge the relative contribution of the first stars, dwarf galaxies, and galactic outflows to the cosmic metallicity budget and cosmic history of dust. We show that, because the amount of intergalactic scattering is overestimated for photon energies < 1 keV, the non-detection of an X-ray scattering halo by Petric et al. (2006) is consistent with `grey' intergalactic dust grains (Omega_d ~ 10^-5$) when the data is restricted to the 1-8 keV band. We also calculate the systematic offset in magnitude, delta m ~ 0.01, for such a population of graphite grains, which would affect the type of supernova survey ideal for measuring dark energy parameters within ~ 1% precision.
description: Published in ApJ, figures updated to published version