cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The magnetospheric radius of an inclined rotator in the magnetically threaded disk model
Creators: name: Bozzo, E.
name: Ascenzi, S.
name: Ducci, L.
name: Papitto, A.
name: Burderi, L.
name: Stella, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The estimate of the magnetospheric radius in a disk-fed neutron star X-ray binary is a long standing problem in high energy Astrophysics. We review the magnetospheric radius calculations in the so-called magnetically threaded disk model, comparing the simplified approach originally proposed by Ghosh & Lamb (1979) with the revised version proposed by Wang (1987), Wang (1995), and Wang (1997). We show that for a given set of fixed parameters (assuming also a comparable screening factor of the neutron star magnetic field by the currents induced on the disk surface) the revised magnetically threaded disk model predicts a magnetospheric radius that is significantly smaller than that derived from the Ghosh & Lamb (1979) treatment. For a fixed value of the neutron star magnetic field and a wide range of mass accretion rates, the inclusion of a large inclination angle between the neutron star rotation and magnetic field axes ($χ$$\gtrsim$60 deg) leads to a further decrease of the magnetospheric radius. To illustrate the relevance of these calculations, we consider, as an example, the case of the transitional pulsars. During the so-called "high mode" of their sub-luminous accretion disk state, these sources have shown X-ray pulsations interpreted as due to accretion at an unprecedented low luminosity level compared to other neutron stars in X-ray binaries. In the context of the magnetic threaded disk model, we show that accretion at luminosities of $\sim$10$^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (and thus accretion-driven X-ray pulsations) can be more easily explained when the prescription of the magnetospheric radius provided by Wang (1997) is used. This avoids the need of invoking very strong propeller outflows in the transitional pulsars, as proposed in other literature works.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Development of carbamate modified PEI for delivery of a granzyme B inhibitor gene to protect against cytotoxic lymphocyte killing
Creators: name: Cheng, Wei
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells protect vertebrates by killing infected or transformed cells using granzyme B (GrB) to induce apoptosis. However, GrB-induced apoptosis causes inflammatory disease and allograft rejection and is an important disease target. The aim of this project is to prevent apoptosis of the target cells by delivering a plasmid encoding GrB inhibitor proteinase inhibitor-9 (PI-9) using cationic polymers. Polyethylenimine (PEI, branched, Mw 25 kDa) gives high gene transfection efficiency in many cell lines, but it is highly cytotoxic. To reduce its cytotoxicity, we modified PEI by blocking primary amines through nucleophilic addition between primary amine and a protected functionalized cyclic carbonate, generating a carbamate linkage through the ring-opening of the cyclic carbonate. Different hydrophobic-groups or sugar functionalized carbonates were substituted onto PEI and the optimum substitution ratios to achieve high gene transfection efficiency and minimal cytotoxicity in various cell lines were determined. Among these polymers, PEI with 7 or 20 of 56 primary amine groups substituted by mannose had similar gene binding ability as unmodified PEI, leading to almost 100% transfection efficiency of a GFP plasmid in HEK293T cells as well as a large decrease in cytotoxicity. However, PEI with all primary amine groups blocked was unable to form complexes with DNA, and gene transfection was negligible. The PI-9 encoding plasmid was transfected into HEK293T cells effectively using the optimally modified PEIs, protecting up to 80% HEK293T cells from killing by human natural killer-like YT cells. Furthermore, PEI with 25 primary amine groups substituted by mannose successfully delivered PI-9 plasmid into Balb/3T3 fibroblasts and protected them from killing by GrB. Therefore, the carbamate-mannose modified PEI/PI-9 encoding plasmid complexes have potential clinical utility in the prevention of allograft rejection and inflammatory disease caused by GrB.
A Model of an Incompressible Multi-Wire Z-Pinch
Creators: name: Radosavljevic, Slobodan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Despite having been studied for many years, z-pinches still pose many questions of researchers. On the one hand, the combinations of skin effects, magnetism, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics are often too complex to model accurately together, yet on the other hand it is difficult to observe the whole broad range of phenomena experimentally because of the nanosecond timescales of the pinch implosions. This work takes a magnetohydrodynamic approach to studying the implosion dynamics of a multi-wire z-pinch. A model of an array of incompressible vaporised wires is introduced. The free surface is evolved under the influence of inertial and magnetic effects using a Boundary Element Method (BEM). While there are some results available for perfectly conducting wires, we will also look at the other extreme, of low conductivity, to assess the different physical effects. Array implosions rates and deformation of the wire plasma along the azimuth are shown to be different in the two cases. However, there are some shared traits; in both conductivity limits, the plasma is shown to oscillate in a remarkably similar manner for small wire numbers. The effect of varying the current pulse profile is also considered. Attempts are made to model the collision and coalescence of the plasma columns upon impact, and to study the post-merge dynamics of the resulting annulus. There is evidence of jets being emitted from either side of the collision, into both the magnetically contained exterior and into the (effectively) pressure-free interior. While the BEM seems to cope with the exterior jet, the interior becomes unstable, possibly due to a lack of the stabilising effect otherwise provided by the magnetic field.
Hydrodynamics and stability of galactic cooling flows
Creators: name: Kritsuk, A.
name: Boehringer, H.
name: Mueller, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical techniques we studied the global stability of cooling flows in giant elliptical galaxies. As an initial equilibrium state we choose the hydrostatic gas recycling model (Kritsuk 1996). Non-equilibrium radiative cooling, stellar mass loss, heating by type Ia supernovae, distributed mass deposition, and thermal conductivity are included. Although the recycling model reproduces the basic X-ray observables, it appears to be unstable with respect to the development of inflow or outflow. In spherically symmetry the inflows are subject to a central cooling catastrophe, while the outflows saturate in a form of a subsonic galactic wind. Two-dimensional axisymmetric random velocity perturbations of the equilibrium model trigger the onset of a cooling catastrophe, which develops in an essentially non-spherical way. The simulations show a patchy pattern of mass deposition and the formation of hollow gas jets, which penetrate through the outflow down to the galaxy core. The X-ray observables of such a hybrid gas flow mimic those of the equilibrium recycling model, but the gas temperature exhibits a central depression. The mass deposition rate M_dot consists of two contributions of similar size: (i) a hydrostatic one resembling that of the equilibrium model, and (ii) a dynamical one which is related to the jets and is more concentrated to the centre. For a model galaxy, like NGC 4472, our 2D simulations predict M_dot = 2 M_sun/yr within the cooling radius for the advanced non-linear stage of the instability. We discuss the implications of these results to H_alpha nebulae and star formation in cooling flow galaxies and emphasize the need for high-resolution 3D simulations.
description: 15 pages, LaTeX, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Integrating Microcapillary Electrophoresis and Droplet Microfluidics for Sequential On-Chip Multi-Process Chemical Analysis
Creators: name: Draper, Mark Christopher
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: With the premise and potential of Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) devices well versed within popular literature, the pragmatic direction of work within the microfluidic community has shifted towards developing the engineering solutions required to realise and advance these powerful goals. Due to the requirement for in-line analytical techniques to be both stable and customisable within true LoC devices, much of this focus has been directed to the interfacing of complementary analytical techniques, which when combined produce a richer, more detailed, analytical framework. The initial portion of this thesis develops, demonstrates and benchmarks several on-chip analytical techniques, namely microchip capillary gel electrophoresis (µCGE) and droplet microfluidics. Through the careful on-chip integration of the developed platforms it is demonstrated that samples can be injected, separated and extracted utilizing a novel design structure put into practise. Underpinning this technique is the ability of the constructed platform to encapsulate and contain the band profile of separated analytes within discrete stable microdroplets suitable for use within further analytical processes. Subsequent to this work, the latter half of this thesis investigates both the potential applications and advantageous nuances specific to this novel technique. In particular, the design is shown to facilitate the production of characterizable sample dilution series’ from the injected and separated target analytes. Further applications are investigated through the deployment of the derived system and protocol to the separation, identification and encapsulation of dsDNA fragments from a composite sample.
Casimir Energy in the Axial Gauge
Creators: name: Esposito, Giampiero
name: Kamenshchik, Alexander Yu.
name: Kirsten, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zero-point energy of a conducting spherical shell is studied by imposing the axial gauge via path-integral methods, with boundary conditions on the electromagnetic potential and ghost fields. The coupled modes are then found to be the temporal and longitudinal modes for the Maxwell field. The resulting system can be decoupled by studying a fourth-order differential equation with boundary conditions on longitudinal modes and their second derivatives. The exact solution of such equation is found by using a Green-function method, and is obtained from Bessel functions and definite integrals involving Bessel functions. Complete agreement with a previous path-integral analysis in the Lorenz gauge, and with Boyer's value, is proved in detail.
description: 9 pages, Revtex
Who changes the string coupling ?
Creators: name: Belopolsky, Alexander
name: Zwiebach, Barton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In general bosonic closed string backgrounds the ghost-dilaton is not the only state in the semi-relative BRST cohomology that can change the dimensionless string coupling. This fact is used to establish complete dilaton theorems in closed string field theory. The ghost-dilaton, however, is the crucial state: for backgrounds where it becomes BRST trivial we prove that the string coupling becomes an unobservable parameter of the string action. For backgrounds where the matter CFT includes free uncompactified bosons we introduce a refined BRST problem by including the zero-modes "x" of the bosons as legal operators on the complex. We argue that string field theory can be defined on this enlarged complex and that its BRST cohomology captures accurately the notion of a string background. In this complex the ghost-dilaton appears to be the only BRST-physical state changing the string coupling.
description: 34 pages, phyzzx
What is the True Covering Factor of Absorbing Matter in BALQSOs?
Creators: name: Krolik, J. H.
name: Voit, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectropolarimetry of Broad Absorption Line Quasars (BALQSO's) has demonstrated that the geometry of the absorbing material is far from spherically symmetric. Calculations of accretion disk spectra suggest that the intrinsic radiation pattern of quasars is also anisotropic. Because the quasar counts distribution is very steep, if the orientations of these two anisotropies are correlated, optical flux-limited samples would be very strongly biassed with respect to discovery of BALQSO's. In particular, currently favored models suggest that BALQSO's may be much more common than in the samples. If so, the intrinsic covering fraction of absorbing matter must be relatively large. Numerous consequences follow, including prediction of a new population of hard X-ray sources (as may have already been seen by ASCA), and a possible explanation of the anomalously strong NV~1240 lines seen in many high redshift quasars.
description: Accepted to Ap.J. Letters, 14 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 2: of Impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on antimicrobial prescriptions in young children: a whole population study
Creators: name: Eythorsson, Elias
name: Sigurdsson, Samuel
name: Hrafnkelsson, Birgir
name: ErlendsdĂłttir, Helga
name: ĂSgeir Haraldsson
name: Kristinsson, Karl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table S1. The proportion of linked antimicrobials associated with each diagnostic group by calendar year. Same data is presented in Fig. 2. (DOCX 33 kb)
Towards the manipulation of topological states of matter: A perspective from electron transport
Creators: name: Zhang, Cheng
name: Lu, Hai-Zhou
name: Shen, Shun-Qing
name: Chen, Yong P.
name: Xiu, Faxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The introduction of topological invariants, ranging from insulators to metals, has provided new insights into the traditional classification of electronic states in condensed matter physics. A sudden change in the topological invariant at the boundary of a topological nontrivial system leads to the formation of exotic surface states that are dramatically different from its bulk. In recent years, significant advancements in the exploration of the physical properties of these topological systems and regarding device research related to spintronics and quantum computation have been made. Here, we review the progress of the characterization and manipulation of topological phases from the electron transport perspective and also the intriguing chiral/Majorana states that stem from them. We then discuss the future directions of research into these topological states and their potential applications.
description: Review article
Eburodacrys laevicornis Bates 1884
Creators: name: Montes-Guerra, Lady
name: García, Kimberly
name: Martínez-Hernández, Neis José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Eburodacrys
Eburodacrys laevicornis

description: Eburodacrys laevicornis Bates, 1884
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Cesar: Agustín Codazzi (km 5 vía a Becerril, C.I. Motilonia, 10°43’38.6”N, 74°13’27.5”W), 1 male, 1 female, 18.IV.1978, J. Jenkins leg. (CTNI_1446a, CTNI_1446b).
Geographical distribution. This species is known from Nicaragua, Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Puntarenas), Panama (Chiriquí), Colombia (Magdalena), and Venezuela. A new department record from Cesar (Colombia) is added.
description: Published as part of Montes-Guerra, Lady, García, Kimberly & Martínez-Hernández, Neis José, 2025, Eburiini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) from the Colombian Caribbean: description of a new species of Beraba Martins, 1997 and new geographical records, pp. 426-436 in Zootaxa 5620 (3) on page 435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/15219750
As necessidades básicas das mulheres em trabalho de parto
Creators: name: Zveiter, Marcele
name: Britto, Alan Messala de Aguiar
name: Oliveira, Débora Cecília Chaves de
name: Dias, Midian Oliveira
name: Porreca, Anna Christina de Almeida Porreca
name: Tatagiba, Edymara Tatagiba
name: Pereira, Renata Martins da Silva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Apresentação utilizada em aulas da Graduação em Enfermagem da Faculdade de Enfermagem da UERJ. O conteúdo traz uma breve biografia de Michel Odent e destaca as necessidades básicas das mulheres em trabalho de parto.
Morse Theory and the Topology of Configuration Space
Creators: name: McGlinn, W. D.
name: O'Raifeartaigh, L.
name: Sen, S.
name: Sorkin, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first and second homology groups are computed for configuration spaces of framed three-dimensional point particles with annihilation included, when up to two particles and an antiparticle are present.
Homogenisation of Slender Periodic Composite Structures
Creators: name: Dizy Suarez, Julian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The increasing efficiency and performance requirements on current aircraft requires the use of novel configurations and analysis methodologies which capture their behaviour both accurately and efficiently. In spite of the great improvements in computational power, simulating the full 3D structure is too costly and unviable for conceptual design stages. Hence, reduced order models that accurately describe the behaviour of these engineering structures are demanded. This work focuses on those that have a dominant dimension and, because the characteristic length of the sought response so allows it, can be assimilated into a 1-D beam model. A homogenisation technique is introduced to obtain the full 6×6, i.e. including transverse shear effects, equivalent 1-D stiffness properties of complex slender composite structures. The classical 4×4 stiffness matrix is obtained for periodic structures, that is, without the usual assumption of constant cross sections. The problem is posed on a unit cell with periodic boundary conditions such that the small-scale strain state averages to the large-scale one and the deformation energy is conserved between scales. The method is devised such that its implementation can be carried out using a standard finite-element package whose advantages can be exploited. This technique is readily applicable to engineering models. It provides a new level of modelling flexibility by employing tie constraints between different parts so that parametric analyses or optimisation can be performed without re-meshing. The proposed methodology allows local stress recovery and local (periodic) buckling strength predictions; nonlinear effects such as skin wrinkling can therefore be propagated to the large scale. Numerical examples are used to obtain the homogenised properties for several isotropic and composite beams, with and without transverse reinforcements, taper or thickness variation, and for both linear and geometrically-nonlinear deformations. The periodicity in the local post-buckling response disappears in the presence of localisation in the solution and this is also illustrated by a numerical example. Finally, the code originated from this work, SHARP.cells, is coupled with a nonlinear beam solver.
A study of virulence mechanisms by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in the avian host
Creators: name: Long, Jason
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The study of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) seeks to understand the pathogenic nature of these viruses. Belonging to the H5 or H7 subtype, HPAI causes significant economic loss in poultry and in recent years has also led to die offs in wild birds. In addition, the zoonotic nature of H5N1 has caused human infection associated with high mortality, although these viruses have not yet evolved to cause a pandemic. Mechanisms of virulence by HPAI have previously been attributed to a multi-basic HA cleavage site (MBCS) which facilitates systemic dissemination of the virus. Yet more recently, other factors have been described as necessary for a highly pathogenic phenotype. This study utilises reverse genetics to investigate the importance of three mutations in the HA of A/turkey/England/50-92/91 (50-92) H5N1 virus which are crucial for virulence. A novel mutation in the fusion peptide appeared to alter the pH of fusion by the HA. The importance of HA fusion for pathogenesis and host adaptation is discussed. Eurasian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV), were first detected in Qinghai Lake, China in 2005, and subsequently spread through Asia, Europe and Africa. Importantly, these viruses carried a lysine at position 627 of the PB2 protein (PB2 627K), a known mammalian adaptation motif. Previous avian influenza isolates have carried glutamic acid in this position (PB2 627E), commonly described to restrict virus polymerase function in the mammalian host. We sought to examine the effect of PB2 627K on viral maintenance in the avian reservoir. Reverse genetics viruses were engineered to contain converse PB2 627K/E mutations in a Eurasian H5N1 virus (A/turkey/Turkey/5/2005; Ty/05) and, for comparison, a historical pre-Asian HPAI H5N1 virus that naturally bears PB2 627E (A/turkey/England/50-92/1991; 50-92). Our observations suggest PB2 627K is supported in Eurasian lineage viruses; in contrast PB2 627K carries a significant fitness cost in the historical pre-Asian 50-92 virus. These data have important implications for understanding the restriction of HPAI for humans and for the maintenance of a key genetic motif associated with host range in the avian reservoir.
Recognition of Offline Handwritten Devanagari Numerals using Regional Weighted Run Length Features
Creators: name: Singh, Pawan Kumar
name: Das, Supratim
name: Sarkar, Ram
name: Nasipuri, Mita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T10, 68U10

description: Recognition of handwritten Roman characters and numerals has been extensively studied in the last few decades and its accuracy reached to a satisfactory state. But the same cannot be said while talking about the Devanagari script which is one of most popular script in India. This paper proposes an efficient digit recognition system for handwritten Devanagari script. The system uses a novel 196-element Mask Oriented Directional (MOD) features for the recognition purpose. The methodology is tested using five conventional classifiers on 6000 handwritten digit samples. On applying 3-fold cross-validation scheme, the proposed system yields the highest recognition accuracy of 95.02% using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier.
description: 6 pages
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les domaines de Saint-Jean de Losne et Losne (XVIIIe siècle), Cart. 198-01 (11 H 1055), 185 folios, f. 0333
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les domaines de Saint-Jean de Losne et Losne (XVIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 198-01 (11 H 1055), 185 folios, f. 0333, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les domaines de Saint-Jean de Losne et Losne (XVIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 198-01 (11 H 1055), 185 folios, f. 0333, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Evolution of Binary Compact Objects Which Merge
Creators: name: Bethe, Hans A.
name: Brown, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beginning from massive binaries in the Galaxy we evolve black-hole, neutron-star binaries and binary neutron stars, such as the Hulse-Taylor system PSR 1913+16. The new point in our evolution is a quantitative calculation of the accretion of matter by a neutron star in common envelope evolution which sends it into a black hole. We calculate the mass of the latter to be $\sim 2.4\msun$. Our chief conclusion is that the production rate for black-hole, neutron-star binaries (in which the neutron star is unrecycled) is $\sim 10^{-4}$ per year per Galaxy, an order of magnitude greater than that of neutron star binaries. Not only should this result in a factor of $\sim$ 10 more mergings for gravitational wave detectors like LIGO, but the signal should be larger. We give some discussion of why black-hole, neutron-star binaries have not been observed, but conclude that they should be actively searched for.
description: 32 pages, no figures Replacement is final version as accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
Low and zero SAPS antiwear additives for engine oils
Creators: name: Benedet, Juliane
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Almost all modern engine lubricants use the additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) to provide antiwear and extreme pressure protection. However existing and proposed emissions regulations include constraints in the concentration of ZDDP or other sulphated ash-, phosphorus- and sulphur- (SAPS) containing additives in engine oils, as well as limits to the permissible phosphorus loss from the oil in running engines. The deleterious effects of SAPS on exhaust aftertreatment systems from ZDDP decomposition has lead to a great interest in identifying alternative low and zero SAPS antiwear additives that can partially of fully replace ZDDP in the next generation of engine oils to extend the life of exhaust after-treatment systems. The aim of the work described in this thesis is to explore under the same test conditions, the film-forming, friction and wear-reducing properties of a very wide range of low and zero SAPS antiwear additives as possible replacements for ZDDP in engine oils, and, where additive types are effective, to investigate their mechanism of action. Some of the alternative low and zero SAPS antiwear additives investigated show wear-reducing performance comparable to the ZDDP used as a benchmark in this research. The most promising alternatives to be used as supplements/replacements for ZDDP are suggested and discussed. One characteristic of ZDDP is that it can form quite thick films on surfaces during rubbing. It is found that many different types of additive can also form thick films, though not generally as thick as ZDDP. However it has been found that there is no significant correlation between the ability of an additive to form a thick boundary film and its ability to control wear. Thick boundary film formation does, however, correlate positively with an increase in friction in contacts operating at intermediate entrainment speeds, so thick film formation should not be taken as a necessary or desirable feature of antiwear additives. It is also found that antiwear additives can give a very wide range of boundary friction coefficient values, depending on the molecular structure of the additive. There thus appears to be scope for optimising the structure of antiwear additives to provide reduced boundary friction.
Exploratory lattice QCD study of the rare kaon decay $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$
Creators: name: Bai, Ziyuan
name: Christ, Norman H.
name: Feng, Xu
name: Lawson, Andrew
name: Portelli, Antonin
name: Sachrajda, Christopher T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Ref [1] we have presented the results of an exploratory lattice QCD computation of the long-distance contribution to the $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$ decay amplitude. In the present paper we describe the details of this calculation, which includes the implementation of a number of novel techniques. The $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$ decay amplitude is dominated by short-distance contributions which can be computed in perturbation theory with the only required non-perturbative input being the relatively well-known form factors of semileptonic kaon decays. The long-distance contributions, which are the target of this work, are expected to be of O(5%) in the branching ratio. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of lattice QCD computations of the $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$ decay amplitude, and in particular of the long-distance component. Though this calculation is performed on a small lattice ($16^3\times32$) and at unphysical pion, kaon and charm quark masses, $m_π=420$ MeV, $m_K=563$ MeV and $m_c^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(\mbox{2 GeV})=863$ MeV, the techniques presented in this work can readily be applied to a future realistic calculation.
description: 74 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 2: of Disability, quality of life and all-cause mortality in older Mexican adults: association with multimorbidity and frailty
Creators: name: Rivera-Almaraz, Ana
name: Manrique-Espinoza, Betty
name: Ávila-Funes, José
name: Chatterji, Somnath
name: Naidoo, Nirmala
name: Kowal, Paul
name: Salinas-Rodríguez, Aarón
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S2. Interaction effects of multimorbidity patterns and frailty on disability, quality of life and mortality. Table S3. Observed differences between older adults included and excluded from the study. (DOCX 24 kb)
Solvent nanofiltration for purifying pharmaceuticals
Creators: name: Makowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The projections recently published by the United Nations (UN) suggest that the global population may reach 8.9 billion people by the year 2050. Life expectancy is assumed to rise constantly with no upper limit and by the year 2100 is expected to vary from 66 to 97 years. As the population ages the demand for effective medicines is rising. At the same time the pharmaceutical industry keeps applying pressure to shorten development timelines for new chemical entities, so that new medicines can reach patients much faster. In the development and manufacturing of drugs the purification steps often consume the highest proportion of the processing time and costs. In parallel, there has been a surge in the expectations of patients regarding the purity of the desired pharmaceuticals. There are several processes available for yielding purified product: liquid chromatography, crystallization or distillation among others most of them, however have limitations. Therefore, progress is required in innovative technologies and processes characterized by higher stability, better selectivity and lower energy requirements. Applying membrane technology in the separation and purification of compounds can result in lower operating temperatures being needed, and less harsh conditions required, when compared to other processes. Thus it is of interest for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing. Polymeric membranes are the most widely used for industrial membrane applications. However, an important challenge is to apply the existing polymeric membranes (suitable for aqueous operations) to non-aqueous solutions. Recent progress has led to the development of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN). OSN utilises solvent-resistant polymeric membranes to selectively retain solutes, and simultaneously allows smaller molecules to pass through the membrane. Nevertheless, ways in which membrane performance impacts the overall purification process have not yet been fully studied. Developing mathematical models of purification processes might help to better understand, and therefore better predict and control, the membrane process. Knowing the importance of a membrane in a filtration process, one should try to identify the areas where new membranes are desired. At the same time, one should try to understand how factors influencing membrane formation will affect membrane’s final performance. As a benefit of the research conducted, by the end of this study the knowledge gained should result in the fabrication of membranes with enhanced capabilities.
MOESM1 of On the epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax malaria: past and present with special reference to the former USSR
Creators: name: Kondrashin, Anatoly
name: Morozova, Lola
name: Stepanova, Ekaterina
name: Turbabina, Natalia
name: Maksimova, Maria
name: Morozov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Malaria control and elimination in the former USSR.
Eburodacrys moruna Martins 1997
Creators: name: Montes-Guerra, Lady
name: García, Kimberly
name: Martínez-Hernández, Neis José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Eburodacrys
Eburodacrys moruna

description: Eburodacrys moruna Martins, 1997 (Fig. 29)
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Cesar: Curumaní (Vda. San Pedro, Fca. La Esperanza), 380 m, 1 female, 1.IV.2014, Carrascal, F. leg. (CTNI_8022b); La Paz (Vda. Buena Vista, Fca. Bella Cruz), 966 m, 1 female, 20.III.2014, Carrascal, F. leg. (trampa de luz) (CTNI_8022a).
Geographical distribution. This species is known only from Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, and Magdalena). A new department record from Cesar (Colombia) is added.
description: Published as part of Montes-Guerra, Lady, García, Kimberly & Martínez-Hernández, Neis José, 2025, Eburiini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) from the Colombian Caribbean: description of a new species of Beraba Martins, 1997 and new geographical records, pp. 426-436 in Zootaxa 5620 (3) on page 435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/15219750
BPS Solutions and New Phases of Finite-Temperature Strings
Creators: name: Bakas, I.
name: Bilal, A.
name: Derendinger, J. -P.
name: Sfetsos, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All high-temperature phases of the known N=4 superstrings in five dimensions can be described by the universal thermal potential of an effective four-dimensional supergravity. This theory, in addition to three moduli s, t, u, contains non-trivial winding modes that become massless in certain regions of the thermal moduli space, triggering the instabilities at the Hagedorn temperature. In this context, we look for exact domain wall solutions of first order BPS equations. These solutions preserve half of the supersymmetries, in contrast to the usual finite-temperature weak-coupling approximation, and as such may constitute a new phase of finite-temperature superstrings. We present exact solutions for the type-IIA and type-IIB theories and for a self-dual hybrid type-II theory. While for the heterotic case the general solution cannot be given in closed form, we still present a complete picture and a detailed analysis of the behaviour around the weak and strong coupling limits and around certain critical points. In all cases these BPS solutions have no instabilities at any temperature. Finally, we address the physical meaning of the resulting geometries within the contexts of supergravity and string theory.
description: 47 pages, 3 eps figures, Latex, version to be published in Nucl. Phys. B, one refernce added, minor corrections
The role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in the pathogenesis of COPD
Creators: name: Baxter, Matthew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: COPD is currently the 4th most prevalent cause of death worldwide. Despite the global impact, there are no currently available treatments which impede disease progression. This lack of effective therapies is largely due to an inadequate understanding of the mechanisms which drive disease progression. Cigarette smoke (CS), the most important risk factor for COPD, is thought to initiate an inflammatory response in the lungs which becomes self-propagating and dysregulated. Chronically, this inflammatory response drives structural and functional changes. The mechanisms by which CS elicits this inflammatory response, however, remain unclear. Certain CS constituents are known to activate Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels. A number of TRP channels are actively expressed in the lung tissue or inflammatory cells, and a further few are also implicated in the generation of inflammation. Owing to these features, it was hypothesised that TRP channels A1, C6, M2, M8, V1 and V4 have a role in CS-induced airway inflammation and, consequently, the pathogenesis of COPD. To test this hypothesis, three murine models of induced airway inflammation were characterised: acute CS, sub-chronic CS and endotoxin (LPS). Lung-tissue TRP channel expression levels were measured in these models alongside human lung-parenchyma samples from non-smokers, smokers and emphysema patients. Mice deficient for specific TRP channels were profiled in the CS-model and the LPS-model to establish the role of TRP channels in the initiation of inflammation in disease and non-disease settings. TRPV1-/-, TRPV4-/- and TRPM8-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced levels of airway inflammation compared to wild-types after acute CS, but normal responses to the innate (LPS) challenge. This data suggests that modulation of TRP channels could represent a novel anti-inflammatory approach for combating smoke induced diseases like COPD without impacting on the normal, essential innate defence mechanisms.
Three types of gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Soma
name: Feigelson, Eric D.
name: Babu, Gutti Jogesh
name: Murtagh, Fionn
name: Fraley, Chris
name: Raftery, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multivariate analysis of gamma-ray burst (GRB) bulk properties is presented to discriminate between distinct classes of GRBs. Several variables representing burst duration, fluence and spectral hardness are considered. Two multivariate clustering procedures are used on a sample of 797 bursts from the Third BATSE Catalog: a nonparametric average linkage hierarchical agglomerative clustering procedure validated with Wilks' $Λ^*$ and other MANOVA tests; and a parametric maximum likelihood model-based clustering procedure assuming multinormal populations calculated with the EM Algorithm and validated with the Bayesian Information Criterion. The two methods yield very similar results. The BATSE GRB population consists of three classes with the following Duration/Fluence/Spectrum bulk properties: Class I with long/bright/intermediate bursts, Class II with short/hard/faint bursts, and Class III with intermediate/intermediate/soft bursts. One outlier with poor data is also present. Classes I and II correspond to those reported by Kouveliotou et al. (1993), but Class III is clearly defined here for the first time.
description: 24 pages, 5 figure, 7 tables. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal in February 1998
Development of a logic-based approach for the design of low molecular weight regulators of biological activity
Creators: name: Reynolds, Christopher Robert
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This project developed, assessed and improved an existing virtual screening technology; the Investigational Novel Drug Discovery by Example (INDDEx) package; and uses the technology to discover new drug hits and leads. INDDEx performs ligand-based virtual screening: learning from molecules with known activity and fragmenting them into substructural elements. A model is built based on logical rules defining required distances between elements of substructure. In the optimisation phase of this project, the program’s speed was increased, a support vector machine method was implemented and a graphical output for the generated rules was added. In the investigation and screening phase, INDDEx screened the ZINC database to find new inhibitors for SIRT2, a poorly investigated target with few known inhibitors. The top ranked molecules were docked with GOLD to produce a consensus score. A new molecule was found with 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.67µm against SIRT2. In the assessment phase, the performance of INDDEx as a virtual screening tool was assessed by benchmarking it on the DUD database and comparing it with the performances of eHiTS LASSO, PharmaGist and DOCK. INDDEx gave 1% Enrichment Factors of 69.2, 82.7 and 90.4, and 0.1% Enrichment Factors of 492, 631 and 707, both when learning from 2, 4 and 8 active ligands. A strength of INDDEx is its scaffold-hopping ability. Scaffold-hopping is important for developing new drug leads, and is regarded as a challenge. Considering only ligands structurally dissimilar to ones in the benchmarking learning data, INDDEx gave 1% Enrichment Factors of 52.3, 63.6 and 66.9 when learning from 2, 4 and 8 active ligands. In the improvement phase, an algorithm was implemented to take hits found by INDDEx and explore the synthetic space resulting from synthetic modification of those hits. This was realised using a library of virtual reactions and a method of predicting which molecules have the most potential for modification. Two assessments quantified the additional molecular space made available to search and qualified the new method as a significant improvement on a naïve approach.
Three-dimensional modelling and inversion of controlled source electromagnetic data
Creators: name: Vieira Da Silva, Nuno Miguel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: The marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) method is an important and almost self-contained discipline in the toolkit of methods used by geophysicists for probing the earth. It has increasingly attracted attention from industry during the past decade due to its potential in detecting valuable natural resources such as oil and gas. A method for three-dimensional CSEM modelling in the frequency domain is presented. The electric field is decomposed in primary and secondary components, as this leads to a more stable solution near the source position. The primary field is computed using a resistivity model for which a closed form of solution exists, for example a homogeneous or layered resistivity model. The secondary electric field is computed by discretizing a second order partial differential equation for the electric field, also referred in the literature as the vector Helmholtz equation, using the edge finite element method. A range of methods for the solution of the linear system derived from the edge finite element discretization are investigated. The magnetic field is computed subsequently, from the solution for the electric field, using a local finite difference approximation of Faraday’s law and an interpolation method. Tests, that compare the solution obtained using the presented method with the solution computed using alternative codes for 1D and 3D synthetic models, show that the implemented approach is suitable for CSEM forward modelling and is an alternative to existing codes. An algorithm for 3D inversion of CSEM data in the frequency domain was developed and implemented. The inverse problem is solved using the L-BFGS method and is regularized with a smoothing constraint. The inversion algorithm uses the presented forward modelling scheme for the computation of the field responses and the adjoint field for the computation of the gradient of the misfit function. The presented algorithm was tested for a synthetic example, showing that it is capable of reconstructing a resistivity model which fits the synthetic data and is close to the original resistivity model in the least-squares sense. Inversion of CSEM data is known to lead to images with low spatial resolution. It is well known that integration with complementary data sets mitigates this problem. It is presented an algorithm for the integration of an acoustic velocity model, which is known a priori, in the inversion scheme. The algorithm was tested in a synthetic example and the results demonstrate that the presented methodology is promising for the improvement of resistivity models obtained from CSEM data.
MOESM1 of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Are Associated with Reduced Esophageal Vitamin D Receptor Expression and Reduced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk
Creators: name: Janmaat, Vincent
name: Winkel, Anouk
name: Peppelenbosch, Maikel
name: Spaander, Manon
name: AndrĂŠ Uitterlinden
name: Pourfarzad, Farzin
name: Tilanus, Hugo
name: Rygiel, Agnieszka
name: Moons, Leon
name: Arp, Pascal
name: Kausilia Krishnadath
name: Kuipers, Ernst
name: Laan, Luc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Supplementary material, approximately 567 KB.