cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi Kenakalan Remaja dan Bullying Bersama Bhabinkamtibmas Di SMPN 4 Pangkalan Kerinci Desa Mekar Jaya, Kecamatan Pangkalan Kerinci, Kabupaten Pelalawan
Creators: name: Supentri, Robiyanto, Asmaul Husna, Sella Angelina Melcin, Sephia Lisa Tamara, Frima Jeni, Aisyah Saputri, Yessi Amalia, Ardha Laila Rahmadani, Alya Syafika Fitri, Dini Suraya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The socialization of juvenile delinquency and bullying aims to be a form of concern of Kukerta MBKM University of Riaustudents, regarding the problems that are rampant among teenagers. The socialization activities of juvenile delinquency and bullying at SMP 4 Pangkalan Kerinci, Mekar Jaya Village are a form of concern, prevention efforts and to make teenagers aware of how bad the impacts caused by juvenile delinquency and bullying are. Then the process of socialization ofjuvenile delinquency and bullying at SMP 4 Pangkalan Kerinci, was accompanied by Bhabinkamtibmas Mekar Jaya Village, Mr. Bripka Donal Arifandi. The socialization contains material on Juvenile Delinquency, Bullying, Drugs.Furthermore, a question and answer session was held regarding the socialization material that had been explained by thespeaker. The community service activities that were carried out have gone well in accordance with the achievementindicators, that the socialization participants were enthusiastic about the socialization given and actively asked and answered questions about the socialization material given. This assistance and socialization provide benefits for students tobe applied so that they can prevent and reduce the increase in juvenile delinquency in Mekar Jaya Village.
(100012) Annie Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Density, not radius, separates rocky and water-rich small planets orbiting M dwarf stars
Creators: name: Luque, R.
name: Pallé, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for atmospheric characterization. We analyze the masses and radii of all known small transiting planets around M dwarfs, identifying three populations: rocky, water-rich, and gas-rich. Our results are inconsistent with the previously known bimodal radius distribution arising from atmospheric loss of a hydrogen/helium envelope. Instead, we propose that a density gap separates rocky from water-rich exoplanets. Formation models that include orbital migration can explain the observations: Rocky planets form within the snow line, whereas water-rich worlds form outside it and later migrate inward.
description: Submitted 30 July 2021; published 9 September 2022. Supplementary Materials are available at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl7164
Giant adsorption of microswimmers: duality of shape asymmetry and wall curvature
Creators: name: Wysocki, Adam
name: Elgeti, Jens
name: Gompper, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of shape asymmetry of microswimmers on their adsorption capacity at confining channel walls is studied by a simple dumbbell model. For a shape polarity of a forward-swimming cone, like the stroke-averaged shape of a sperm, extremely long wall retention times are found, caused by a non-vanishing component of the propulsion force pointing steadily into the wall, which grows exponentially with the self-propulsion velocity and the shape asymmetry. A direct duality relation between shape asymmetry and wall curvature is proposed and verified. Our results are relevant for the design microswimmer with controlled wall-adhesion properties. In addition, we confirm that pressure in active systems is strongly sensitive to the details of the particle-wall interactions.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
(100009) Catherine Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Shape optimizations for body-assisted light-matter interactions
Creators: name: Matuszak, Jonas
name: Buhmann, Stefan Yoshi
name: Bennett, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement a shape optimization algorithm for body-assisted light-matter interactions described by the formalism of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. The approach uses the level-set method to represent and incrementally evolve dielectric environments. Utilizing finite-difference time-domain techniques we demonstrate the ability of the algorithm by optimizing the rate of resonance energy transfer in two dimensions. The resulting geometries enhance the transfer rate by several orders of magnitude.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL from Repeated parallel differentiation of social learning differences in benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback fish
Creators: name: Keagy, Jason
name: Lehto, Whitley
name: Minter, Ross
name: Machniak, Sarah
name: Baird, Oynx
name: Boughman, Janette W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: Animal Behaviour

description: supplementary methods, results, and tables
(100004) Robert John James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Few-photon transport via a multimode nonlinear cavity: theory and applications
Creators: name: Wang, Yunkai
name: Fang, Kejie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Few-photon transport via waveguide-coupled local quantum systems has attracted extensive theoretical and experimental studies. Most of the study has focused on atomic or atomic-like local quantum systems due to their strong light-matter interaction useful for quantum applications. Here, we study few-photon transport via a waveguide-coupled multimode optical cavity with second-order bulk nonlinearity. We develop a Feynman diagram approach and compute the scattering matrix of the one- and two-photon transport. Based on the calculated scattering matrix, we show highly nonclassical photonic effects, including photon blockade and $π-$conditional phase shift, are achievable in the waveguide-coupled multimode optical cavity system via quantum interference and linear response engineering. Our results might lead to significant applications of quantum photonic circuits in all-optical quantum information processing and quantum network protocols.
Possible Adverse Effects of Increasing Block Water Tariffs in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Whittington, Dale
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The use of increasing block water tariffs is widespread throughout developing countries. An increasing block tariff (IBT) is a price structure in which a commodity is priced at a low initial rate up to a specified volume of use (block), then at a higher or several increasingly higher rates for additional blocks used. The ordinary household municipal water bill in developing countries is often calculated on some sort of IBT structure, and donor organizations and consultants continue to recommend this practice for town and city water systems. The major- ity of World Bank-sponsored water tariff studies conducted since 1970, for example, have recommended the use of increasing block water tariffs
Integral representations of periodic and cyclic fractional stable motions
Creators: name: Pipiras, Vladas
name: Taqqu, Murad
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Stable non-Gaussian self-similar mixed moving averages can be decomposed into several components. Two of these are the periodic and cyclic fractional stable motions which are the subject of this study. We focus on the structure of their integral representations and show that the periodic fractional stable motions have, in fact, a canonical representation. We study several examples and discuss questions of uniqueness, namely how to determine whether two given integral representations of periodic or cyclic fractional stable motions give rise to the same process.
(100006) John Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(100007) Mary Elizabeth Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
La portée et l’échelle du commerce de détail des aliments transformés en milieu urbain au Mali
Creators: name: Thériault, Véronique
name: Vroegindewey, Ryan
name: Amidou Assima
name: Naman Keita
name: Thériault, Véronique
name: Vroegindewey, Ryan
name: Amidou Assima
name: Naman Keita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Agrifood System Transformation
subject: Mali
subject: Nutrition

description: PRINCIPALES CONCLUSIONS • Le nombre de types de produits distincts est faible, mettant en évidence la forte récurrence de type de produits d’un commerce de détail à un autre. • Les supermarchés offrent un plus grand choix de produits céréaliers et laitiers transformés. • La disponibilité des aliments transformés diffère selon les villes, les quartiers et les commerces. • La répartition géographique des aliments transformés localement est limitée. • Le commerce de détail de produits laitiers et céréaliers transformés en est encore à ses débuts
Infinite dimensional forward-backward stochastic differential equations and the KPZ equation
Creators: name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
name: Almada Monter, Sergio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is a quasilinear stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) driven by a space-time white noise. In recent years there have been several works directed towards giving a rigorous meaning to a solution of this equation. Bertini, Cancrini and Giacomin have proposed a notion of a solution through a limiting procedure and a certain renormalization of the nonlinearity. In this work we study connections between the KPZ equation and certain infinite dimensional forward-backward stochastic differential equations. Forward-backward equations with a finite dimensional noise have been studied extensively, mainly motivated by problems in mathematical finance. Equations considered here differ from the classical works in that, in addition to having an infinite dimensional driving noise, the associated SPDE involves a non-Lipschitz (specifically, a quadratic) function of the gradient. Existence and uniqueness of solutions of such infinite dimensional forward-backward equations is established and the terminal values of the solutions are then used to give a new probabilistic representation for the solution of the KPZ equation.
Nontrivial Thermodynamics in 't Hooft's Large-$N$ Limit
Creators: name: Cubero, Axel Cortés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the finite volume/temperature correlation functions of the (1+1)-dimensional ${\rm SU}(N)$ principal chiral sigma model in the planar limit. The exact S-matrix of the sigma model is known to simplify drastically at large $N$, and this leads to trivial thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations. The partition function, if derived using the TBA, can be shown to be that of free particles. We show that the correlation functions and expectation values of operators at finite volume/temperature are not those of the free theory, and that the TBA does not give enough information to calculate them. Our analysis is done using the Leclair-Mussardo formula for finite-volume correlators, and knowledge of the exact infinite-volume form factors. We present analytical results for the one-point function of the energy-momentum tensor, and the two-point function of the renormalized field operator. The results for the energy-momentum tensor can be used to define a nontrivial partition function.
description: Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. Improved discussion of the thermodynamic Bethe anzatz at large N, references updated. 13 pages, RevTex
The Use of Protein Adducts to Investigate the Disposition of Reactive Metabolites of Benzene
Creators: name: Rappaport, S. M.
name: Yeowell-O'Connell, K.
name: McDonald, T. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Benzene is metabolized to a number of electrophilic species that are capable of binding to both DNA and proteins. We used adducts of hemoglobin (Hb) and bone marrow proteins to study the disposition of three benzene and metabolites (benzene oxide [BO], 1,2-benzoquinone [1,2-BQ], and 1,4-benzoquinone [1,4-BQ]) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following a single oral dosage of [13C6]benzene and/or [14C]benzene. Our assays focused upon cysteine adducts that accounted for 38 to 45% of protein binding to Hb and 63 to 81% of protein binding to bone marrow. Although both mice and rats showed dose-related increases in Hb and bone marrow protein adducts of BO and of the two benzoquinones, large intertissue and interspecies differences were noted, suggesting different preferences in metabolic pathways. The highest levels of adducts in mice were of 1,4-BQ (10-27% of all cysteine adducts), while in rats, BO adducts predominated in Hb (73% of all cysteine adducts) and 1,2-BQ adducts predominated in the bone marrow (14% of all cysteine adducts). High background levels of 1,2-BQ and 1,4-BQ adducts were also detected in both species, indicating that the toxic effects of quinone metabolites may only be important at high levels of benzene exposure.
(100003) Thomas Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Condition-dependent expression of trophic polyphenism: effects of individual size and competitive ability
Creators: name: Frankino, W Anthony
name: Pfennig, David W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Understanding the adaptive significance of alternative phenotypes may require knowing how the internal state of an organism affects the relationship between phenotypic variation and fitness across selective environments. Here, we explore how individual state interacts with environmental variation to affect expression of a trophic polyphenism in larval amphibians. Following the consumption of fairy shrimp, typical omnivorous plains spadefoot toad tadpoles (Spea bombifrons) may express an alternative 'carnivore' phenotype. The carnivore phenotype confers rapid growth and development, but these benefits come at the expense of condition at metamorphosis. Larval habitats vary in longevity, food availability and tadpole morph frequency, each of which potentially affects the relationship between tadpole state (e.g. size) and morph fitness. Hence, we predicted that phenotype expression should depend on both tadpole size and larval environment. We found that small tadpoles were more likely to develop into carnivores than large tadpoles when each was raised in isolation. When tadpoles were raised in pairs, however, relatively smaller tadpoles were less likely to express the carnivore phenotype than larger tadpoles. We present results to support the hypothesis that these contrasting effects of absolute and relative size on carnivore morph expression stem from the effects of tadpole size on the ability to consume fairy shrimp. We conclude that competition for shrimp imposed by larger tadpoles may often inhibit relatively smaller tadpoles from expressing the carnivore phenotype. Thus, we find support for our prediction that morph expression in Spea depends on both an individual's internal state and larval environment. Our understanding of the adaptive significance and, ultimately, the evolution of this and other state-dependent responses may be enhanced by considering how interactions among individuals affect the relationships among fitness, internal state and phenotype expression across different selective environments.
(100005) Marie Eliza James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ecological consequences of mechanical harvesting of clams
Creators: name: FEGLEY, STEPHEN R.
name: SUMMERSON, HENRY C.
name: PETERSON, CHARLES H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: A field experiment was performed in 1,225 m2 plots in each of two shallow estuarine habitats, a seagrass bed and a sand flat. in Back Sound, North Carolina (USA), to test the impact of clam raking and two different intensities of mechanical harvesting of clams ("clam kicking") for up to 4 years on 11 hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, recruitment, 2) seagrass biomass, 3) the density of benthic macroinvertebrates, and 4) the density of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians. The removal of adult hard clams with the contingent sediment disturbance had ambiguous effects on the recruitment of hard clams: in the sand flat recruitment tended to be lower (but not significantly) in intense-clam-kicking matrices than in controls, whereas in seagrass recruitment of hard clams did not not show a clear response to treatment. In the raking and light-clam-kicking matrices, seagrass biomass fell immediately by ≌25% below controls but full recovery occurred within a year. In the intense-clam-kicking matrices, seagrass biomass fell by ≌65% below levels expected from controls; recovery did not begin until more than 2 years passed, and seagrass biomass was still ≌35% lower than predicted from controls 4 years later. Clam harvest did not affect either the density or species composition of small benthic macroinvertebrates from sediment cores, probably because of their rapid capacity for recolonization and generally short life spans. In all treatments, densities of benthic macroinvertebrates (mostly polychaetes) were substantially higher in the seagrass than in the sand flat during October samplings but equal during March samplings. Bay scallop density declined with declining seagrass biomass across harvest treatments, but the intense-clamkicking matrices contained even fewer bay scallops than their seagrass biomass would predict, perhaps because of enhanced patchiness of the remaining seagrass. The relative inertia of the change in seagrass biomass following extensive destruction in the intensely kicked matrices suggests that seagrass replanting may be an extremely important means of returning disturbed, unvegetated areas to seagrass systems. Emergence during summer of a between-habitat gradient in infaunal densities (higher in seagrass than in sand) supports the hypothesis that seagrass provides a partial prey refuge for infaunal invertebrates. The failure of the benthic macroinvertebrate density to respond to clam harvest treatments in both sand flats and seagrass beds implies that the polychaetes which dominate recover rapidly from disturbance and are probably not adversely affected by clam harvest. The negative and long-lasting impact ofintense hard clam harvest on seagrass biomass with its effects on other fisheries, including bay scallops, implies that hard clam fisheries should be managed to minimize the intensity of harvest within seagrass beds.
Unraveling from Within? The Affordable Care Act and Self-Undermining Policy Feedbacks
Creators: name: Weaver, R. Kent
name: Oberlander, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) passed through Congress on partisan lines and with only lukewarm public support. The Obama administration and Congressional Democrats, though, had reason to expect that the ACA’s political fortunes would substantially improve as the acrimonious debate over its enactment faded and millions of Americans came to receive significant benefits from health care reform. But 5 years after its passage, the ACA’s political foundations remain shaky. We suggest that one reason for the ACA’s unsettled fate is the role of policy feedbacks that undermine public support for and opponents’ acceptance of the program. The ACA experience highlights how policy feedbacks can vary widely in their political impact, and suggests that some policies are in fact self-undermining. We also emphasize the crucial role of partisan polarization as a mediating factor in shaping policy feedbacks.
Developing cost-benefit Tools for mosquito release interventions
Creators: name: Mesic, Aldina
name: Sheahan, William
name: Jairam Lingappa
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The START team developed a R shiny cost-benefit tool that can be used for existing and new mosquito release programs that is generalizable across geographic settings, disease contexts, and mosquito release interventions. The tool includes mosquito release interventions for dengue prevention in Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam, and for malaria prevention in Burkina Faso.
(100001) Elizabeth James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Toward a science-based testing strategy to identify maternal thyroid hormone imbalance and neurodevelopmental effects in the progeny – part I: which parameters from human studies are most relevant for toxicological assessments?
Creators: name: Sauer, Ursula G.
name: Asiimwe, Alex
name: Botham, Philip A.
name: Charlton, Alex
name: Hallmark, Nina
name: Jacobi, Sylvia
name: Marty, Sue
name: Melching-Kollmuss, Stephanie
name: Palha, Joana A.
name: Strauss, Volker
name: van Ravenzwaay, Bennard
name: Swaen, Gerard
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: The 2018 European Food Safety Authority/European Chemicals Agency Guidance on the Identification of Endocrine Disruptors lacks clarity on how the presence or absence of substance-induced maternal thyroid hormone imbalance, or the potential for subsequent deleterious consequences in child neurodevelopment, should be established by toxicological assessments. To address these uncertainties, this narrative review evaluates human evidence on how altered maternal thyroid function may be associated with child neurodevelopmental outcomes; and seeks to identify parameters in human studies that appear most relevant for toxicological assessments. Serum levels of free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are most frequently measured when assessing thyroid function in pregnant women, whereas a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental parameters is used to evaluate child neurodevelopment. The human data confirms an association between altered maternal serum fT4 and/or TSH and increased risk for child neurodevelopmental impairment. Quantitative boundaries of effects indicative of increased risks need to be established. Moreover, it is unknown if altered serum levels of total T4, free or total triiodothyronine, or parameters unrelated to serum thyroid hormones might be more relevant indicators of such effects. None of the human studies established a link between substance-mediated liver enzyme induction and increased serum thyroid hormone clearance, let alone further to child neurodevelopmental impairment. This review identifies research needs to contribute to the development of toxicity testing strategies, to reliably predict whether substances have the potential to impair child neurodevelopment via maternal thyroid hormone imbalance.
The rich get richer: patterns of plant invasions in the United States
Creators: name: Kartesz, John T.
name: Barnett, David T.
name: Stohlgren, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Observations from islands, small-scale experiments, and mathematical models have generally supported the paradigm that habitats of low plant diversity are more vulnerable to plant invasions than areas of high plant diversity. We summarize two independent data sets to show exactly the opposite pattern at multiple spatial scales. More significant, and alarming, is that hotspots of native plant diversity have been far more heavily invaded than areas of low plant diversity in most parts of the United States when considered at larger spatial scales. Our findings suggest that we cannot expect such hotspots to repel invasions, and that the threat of invasion is significant and predictably greatest in these areas.
Approaches to advance scientific understanding of macrosystems ecology
Creators: name: Richardson, Andrew
name: Punyasena, Surangi
name: Wagner, Tyler
name: Filstrup, Christopher
name: Cheruvelil, Kendra
name: Bond-Lamberty, Ben
name: Keitt, Tim
name: Toomey, Michael
name: Xiao, Jingfeng
name: Voordeckers, James
name: Knapp, Alan
name: Lottig, Noah
name: Ball, Becky
name: Buckley, Lauren
name: Kellner, James
name: Zhou, Jizhong
name: Williams, John
name: Levy, Ofir
name: Vargas, Rodrigo
name: Tcheng, David
name: Finley, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The emergence of macrosystems ecology (MSE), which focuses on regional- to continental-scale ecological pat- terns and processes, builds upon a history of long-term and broad-scale studies in ecology. Scientists face the difficulty of integrating the many elements that make up macrosystems, which consist of hierarchical processes at interacting spatial and temporal scales. Researchers must also identify the most relevant scales and variables to be considered, the required data resources, and the appropriate study design to provide the proper inferences. The large volumes of multi-thematic data often associated with macrosystem studies typically require valida- tion, standardization, and assimilation. Finally, analytical approaches need to describe how cross-scale and hierarchical dynamics and interactions relate to macroscale phenomena. Here, we elaborate on some key methodological challenges of MSE research and discuss existing and novel approaches to meet them.
How Dirac's Seminal Contributions Pave the Way for Comprehending Nature's Deeper Designs
Creators: name: Bhaumik, Mani L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Credible reasons are presented to reveal that many of the lingering century old enigmas, surrounding the behavior of at least an individual quantum particle, can be comprehended in terms of an objectively real specific wave function. This wave function is gleaned from the single particle energy-momentum eigenstate offered by the theory of space filling universal quantum fields that is an inevitable outcome of Dirac's pioneering masterpiece. Examples of these well-known enigmas are wave particle duality, the de Broglie hypothesis, the uncertainty principle, wave function collapse, and predictions of measurement outcomes in terms of probability instead of certainty. Paul Dirac successfully incorporated special theory of relativity into quantum mechanics for the first time. This was accomplished through his ingenious use of matrices that allowed the equations of motion to maintain the necessary first order time derivative feature necessary for positive probability density. The ensuing Dirac equation for the electron led to the recognition of the mystifying quantized spin and magnetic moment as intrinsic properties in contrast to earlier ad hoc assumptions. The solution of his relativistic equation for the hydrogen atom produced results in perfect agreement with experimental data available at the time. The most far reaching prediction of the celebrated Dirac equation was the totally unexpected existence of anti-particles, culminating in the eventual development of the quantum field theory of the Standard Model that reveals the deepest secrets of the universe known to date.
description: 13 pages
Mantle dynamics beneath the Pacific Northwest and the generation of voluminous back-arc volcanism
Creators: name: Wagner, Lara S.
name: Long, Maureen D.
name: Fouch, Matthew J.
name: Schmerr, Nicholas
name: Carlson, Richard W.
name: Kincaid, Chris
name: Till, Christy B.
name: Druken, Kelsey A.
name: Grove, Timothy L.
name: James, David E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The Pacific Northwest (PNW) has a complex tectonic history and over the past ~17 Ma has played host to several major episodes of intraplate volcanism. These events include the Steens/Columbia River flood basalts (CRB) and the striking spatiotemporal trends of the Yellowstone/Snake River Plain (Y/SRP) and High Lava Plains (HLP) regions. Several different models have been proposed to explain these features, which variously invoke the putative Yellowstone plume, rollback and steepening of the Cascadia slab, extensional processes in the lithosphere, or a combination of these. Here we integrate seismologic, geodynamic, geochemical, and petrologic results from the multidisciplinary HLP project and associated analyses of EarthScope USArray seismic data to propose a conceptual model for post-20 Ma mantle dynamics beneath the PNW and the relationships between mantle flow and surface tectonomagmatic activity. This model invokes rollback subduction as the main driver for mantle flow beneath the PNW beginning at ~20 Ma. A major pulse of upwelling due to slab rollback and upper plate extension and consequent melting produced the Steens/CRB volcanism, and continuing trench migration enabled mantle upwelling and hot, shallow melting beneath the HLP. An additional buoyant mantle upwelling is required to explain the Y/SRP volcanism, but subduction-related processes may well have played a primary role in controlling its timing and location, and this upwelling likely continues today in some form. This conceptual model makes predictions that are broadly consistent with seismic observations, geodynamic modeling experiments, and petrologic and geochemical constraints.
The Scope and Scale of Processed Food Retailing in Urban Mali
Creators: name: Thériault, Véronique
name: Vroegindewey, Ryan
name: Amidou Assima
name: Naman Keita
name: Thériault, Véronique
name: Vroegindewey, Ryan
name: Amidou Assima
name: Naman Keita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Agrifood system transformation
subject: Mali
subject: Nutrition

description: KEY FINDINGS -Small number of different product types highlighting the high repetition across retail outlets. -Supermarkets have a wider selection of processed grain and dairy products. -Availability of processed foods differ across cities/neighborhoods/outlets. -Limited geographical distribution of locally processed foods. -Retailing of processed dairy and grain products is at an early stage.
Phonon Properties, Thermal Expansion, and Thermomechanics of Silicene and Germanene
Creators: name: Huang, Liang-Feng
name: Gong, Peng-Lai
name: Zeng, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a hierarchical first-principles investigation on the entangled effects of lattice dimensionality and bond characteristics in the lattice dynamics of silicene and germanene. It is found that bond bending (stretching) negatively (positively) contributes to Grüneisen constant, which results in the negative acoustic (positive optical) Grüneisen constant. The layer thickening (bond weakening) caused by chemical functionalization tends to increase (decrease) the acoustic (optical) Grüneisen constant, due to the increased (decreased) bond-stretching effect. The excitation of the negative-$γ$ modes results in negative thermal expansion, while mode excitation and thermal expansion compete with each other in thermomechanics. The sensitive structural and electronic responses of silicene and germanene to functionalization help us to derive a generic physical picture for two-dimensional lattice dynamics.
description: to be Published in Phys. Rev. B
(100002) Amelia Jane James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Regional probabilities of precipitation change: A Bayesian analysis of multimodel simulations
Creators: name: Nychka, D.
name: Tebaldi, C.
name: Mearns, L. O.
name: Smith, R. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Tebaldi et al. [2005] present a Bayesian approach to determining probability distribution functions (PDFs) of temperature change at regional scales, from the output of a multi-model ensemble, run under the same scenario of future anthropogenic emissions. The main characteristic of the method is the formalization of the two criteria of bias and convergence that the REA method [Giorgi and Mearns, 2002] first quantified as a way of assessing model reliability. Thus, the General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) of the ensemble are combined in a way that accounts for their performance with respect to current climate and a measure of each model's agreement with the majority of the ensemble. We apply the Bayesian model to a set of transient experiments under two SRES scenarios. We focus on predictions of precipitation change, for land regions of subcontinental size. We highlight differences in the PDFs of precipitation change derived in regions where models find easy agreement, and perform well in simulating present day precipitation, compared to regions where models have large biases, and/or their future projections disagree. We compare results from the two scenarios, thus assessing the consequences of the two alternative hypotheses, and present summaries based on their averaging.
"OZOD SHARAFIDDINOV - MATONATLI XALQ IJODKORI"
Creators: name: Amankulova, Iroda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada Ozod Sharafiddinov so’nmas ijodi, adabiy-tanqidiy maqolalari, munaqqid faoliyati va shijoatga to’la qalbi haqida fikrlar keltirilgan. Adabiyotimizni boyitgan tadqiqotlari va tarjima asarlari to’g’risida ham mulohazalar keltirilgan.
The Malmo International Brother Study (MIBS). Genetic defects and inhibitor development in siblings with severe hemophilia A
Creators: name: OLDENBURG, Johannes
name: ESCOBAR, Miguel
name: BERNTORP, Erik
name: MIBS study group
name: ASTERMARK, Jan
name: WHITE, Gilbert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The strongest risk factor identified for inhibitor development in people with severe hemophilia A is the type of factor VIII gene mutation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mutation type dependent concordance rate of inhibitor formation in siblings. DESIGN AND METHODS: The gene defect, treatment and inhibitor history were evaluated in 113 families in which two or more siblings had severe hemophilia A. RESULTS: Seventy-nine of the families (69.9%) were concordant in that either all or none of the siblings had a history of inhibitors. The concordance in 59 families with inhibitors was 42.4%. The corresponding figures for the 74 families with intron 22 inversion were 63.5% and 40.0%, respectively, and the overall concordance within 14 families with nonsense mutations was 78.6%. The siblings in two families with large gene deletions had no inhibitor history. A small proportion of the families with missense mutations, small deletions/insertions and splice site mutations developed inhibitors, but in four of the families two or more siblings developed high-responding inhibitors. In 18 of the 25 concordant families (72.0%) with inhibitors, the inhibitor was also of the same type (high-responding). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study of the association between inhibitor formation and the causative factor VIII gene mutation in siblings. The data show that the type of mutation provides, to some extent, the basis for this relationship, but the mutation itself is not enough to predict the risk for therapy-induced inhibitor formation.
The Ranking Problem of Alternatives as a Cooperative Game
Creators: name: Kondratev, Aleksei
name: Mazalov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers the ranking problem of candidates for a certain position based on ballot papers filled by voters. We suggest a ranking procedure of alternatives using cooperative game theory methods. For this, it is necessary to construct a characteristic function via the filled ballot paper profile of voters. The Shapley value serves as the ranking method. The winner is the candidate having the maximum Shapley value. And finally, we explore the properties of the designed ranking procedure.
What can be sampled locally?
Creators: name: Feng, Weiming
name: Sun, Yuxin
name: Yin, Yitong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The local computation of Linial [FOCS'87] and Naor and Stockmeyer [STOC'93] concerns with the question of whether a locally definable distributed computing problem can be solved locally: for a given local CSP whether a CSP solution can be constructed by a distributed algorithm using local information. In this paper, we consider the problem of sampling a uniform CSP solution by distributed algorithms, and ask whether a locally definable joint distribution can be sampled from locally. More broadly, we consider sampling from Gibbs distributions induced by weighted local CSPs in the LOCAL model. We give two Markov chain based distributed algorithms which we believe to represent two fundamental approaches for sampling from Gibbs distributions via distributed algorithms. The first algorithm generically parallelizes the single-site sequential Markov chain by iteratively updating a random independent set of variables in parallel, and achieves an $O(Δ\log n)$ time upper bound in the LOCAL model, where $Δ$ is the maximum degree, when the Dobrushin's condition for the Gibbs distribution is satisfied. The second algorithm is a novel parallel Markov chain which proposes to update all variables simultaneously yet still guarantees to converge correctly with no bias. It surprisingly parallelizes an intrinsically sequential process: stabilizing to a joint distribution with massive local dependencies, and may achieve an optimal $O(\log n)$ time upper bound independent of the maximum degree $Δ$ under a stronger mixing condition. We also show a strong $Ω(diam)$ lower bound for sampling independent set in graphs with maximum degree $Δ\ge 6$. This lower bound holds even when every node is aware of the graph. This gives a strong separation between sampling and constructing locally checkable labelings.
Linearly Convergent Frank-Wolfe with Backtracking Line-Search
Creators: name: Pedregosa, Fabian
name: Negiar, Geoffrey
name: Askari, Armin
name: Jaggi, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Structured constraints in Machine Learning have recently brought the Frank-Wolfe (FW) family of algorithms back in the spotlight. While the classical FW algorithm has poor local convergence properties, the Away-steps and Pairwise FW variants have emerged as improved variants with faster convergence. However, these improved variants suffer from two practical limitations: they require at each iteration to solve a 1-dimensional minimization problem to set the step-size and also require the Frank-Wolfe linear subproblems to be solved exactly. In this paper, we propose variants of Away-steps and Pairwise FW that lift both restrictions simultaneously. The proposed methods set the step-size based on a sufficient decrease condition, and do not require prior knowledge of the objective. Furthermore, they inherit all the favorable convergence properties of the exact line-search version, including linear convergence for strongly convex functions over polytopes. Benchmarks on different machine learning problems illustrate large performance gains of the proposed variants.