cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How to Protect Consumer Data? Leave it to the Consumer Protection Agency
Creators: name: Hagan, Hayes
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: In the wake of cases challenging the scope of the Federal Trade Commission’s authority and its role in regulating cybersecurity, this Note considers the centrality of the FTC as a protector of consumer data. It broadly examines the current state of cybersecurity regulation and the need for a uniform national regime to protect consumer data. In considering different methods for realizing such federal oversight, this Note examines legislative and administrative options. Tracing the development of both highlights their shortcomings and reveals a potential solution. In the face of concerning legislative movement and uncertainty surrounding the FTC’s current enforcement philosophy, this Note endorses the employment of the FTC’s rarely used, but highly effective, rulemaking authority as a tool to complement and enhance its adjudicative enforcement.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol 2019 No 2
Management of pineal region tumors in a pediatric case series
Creators: name: Schulz, Matthias
name: Afshar-Bakshloo, Melissa
name: Koch, Arend
name: Capper, David
name: Driever, Pablo Hernáiz
name: Tietze, Anna
name: Grün, Arne
name: Thomale, Ulrich-Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pineal region tumor
subject: Neuroendoscopy
subject: Biopsy
subject: ETV
subject: Shunt
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Pineal region tumors commonly present with non-communicating hydrocephalus. These heterogeneous histological entities require different therapeutic regimens. We evaluated our surgical experience concerning procurance of a histological diagnosis, management of hydrocephalus, and choice of antitumoral treatment. We analyzed the efficacy of neuroendoscopic biopsy and endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy (ETV) in patients with pineal region tumors between 2006 and 2019 in a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study with regard to diagnostic yield, hydrocephalus treatment, as well as impact on further antitumoral management. Out of 28 identified patients, 23 patients presented with untreated hydrocephalus and 25 without histological diagnosis. One patient underwent open biopsy, and 24 received a neuroendoscopic biopsy with concomitant hydrocephalus treatment if necessary. Eighteen primary ETVs, 2 secondary ETVs, and 2 ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) were performed. Endoscopic biopsy had a diagnostic yield of 95.8% (23/24) and complication rates of 12.5% (transient) and 4.2% (permanent), respectively. ETV for hydrocephalus management was successful in 89.5% (17/19) with a median follow-up of more than 3 years. Following histological diagnosis, 8 patients (28.6%) underwent primary resection of their tumor. Another 9 patients underwent later-stage resection after either adjuvant treatment (n = 5) or for progressive disease during observation (n = 4). Eventually, 20 patients received adjuvant treatment and 7 were observed after primary management. One patient was lost to follow-up. Heterogeneity of pineal region tumor requires histological confirmation. Primary biopsy of pineal lesions should precede surgical resection since less than a third of patients needed primary surgical resection according to the German pediatric brain tumor protocols. Interdisciplinary decision making upfront any treatment is warranted in order to adequately guide treatment.
The Composition of Interstellar Grains Toward Zeta Ophiuchi: Constraining the Elemental Budget Near the Diffuse-Dense Cloud Transition
Creators: name: Poteet, Charles A.
name: Whittet, Douglas C. B.
name: Draine, Bruce T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the composition of interstellar grains along the line of sight toward Zeta Ophiuchi, a well-studied environment near the diffuse-dense cloud transition. A spectral decomposition analysis of the solid-state absorbers is performed using archival spectroscopic observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope and Infrared Space Observatory. We find strong evidence for the presence of sub-micron-sized amorphous silicate grains, principally comprised of olivine-like composition, with no convincing evidence of H2O ice mantles. However, tentative evidence for thick H2O ice mantles on large (a ~ 2.8 microns) grains is presented. Solid-state abundances of elemental Mg, Si, Fe, and O are inferred from our analysis and compared to standard reference abundances. We find that nearly all of elemental Mg and Si along the line of sight are present in amorphous silicate grains, while a substantial fraction of elemental Fe resides in compounds other than silicates. Moreover, we find that the total abundance of elemental O is largely inconsistent with the adopted reference abundances, indicating that as much as ~156 ppm of interstellar O is missing along the line of sight. After taking into account additional limits on the abundance of elemental O in other O-bearing solids, we conclude that any missing reservoir of elemental O must reside on large grains that are nearly opaque to infrared radiation.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 2015 January 12: 13 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Can We Curate It? Why Luggage and Smartphones Merit Different Treatment at the United States Border
Creators: name: DeSimone, Maddalena
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. At the United States border, however, sovereignty interests—namely who and what enters the country—allow for warrantless searches of property without probable cause. This Note explores the reach of the border exception to one category of property: electronic devices. At present, circuit courts disagree over what level of suspicion—no suspicion or reasonable suspicion—applies to forensic searches of electronics. Courts do agree that manual searches, performed without the assistance of external equipment, merit no suspicion at all. The suspicion gap between manual and forensic searches reflects an assumption that all manual searches are cursory and hence violate a device owner’s privacy less than a forensic search. This Note argues that the existing line between forensic and manual searches should be reimagined; instead, electronic devices, such as smartphones, should be separated out from other electronic devices, such as cameras, and be subject to a reasonable suspicion standard irrespective of the nature of the search, forensic or manual. Redrawing the line between devices themselves recognizes that certain electronics (e.g. cameras) are more analogous to traditional luggage and therefore should receive the same treatment at the border where suspicionless searches are permitted. Like luggage, one can curate these devices: it is possible to know and choose what is inside. As the attenuation of the link between the device in question and traditional luggage expands, so too should the suspicion required. Smartphones and like devices should not be searched without reasonable suspicion. Finally, this Note concludes by recommending that the Customs and Border Protection directive, subject to review and modification every three years, be revised to distinguish between the two groups of electronic devices and account for the privacy concerns unique to the smartphone and related devices group.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol 2019 No 2
Rare top decay $t \rightarrow c γ$ with flavor changing neutral scalar interactions in two Higgs doublet model
Creators: name: Gaitán, Ricardo
name: Garcés, Estela A.
name: Martinez, Roberto
name: de Oca, Jose Halim Montes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models beyond the Standard Model with extra scalars have been highly motivated by the recent discovery of a Higgs boson. The Two Higgs Doublet Model Type III considers the most general case for the scalar potential, allowing mixing between neutral CP-even and CP-odd scalar fields. This work presents the results of the study on the $t\rightarrow cγ$ decay at one loop level if neutral flavor changing is generated by top-charm-Higgs coupling given by the Yukawa matrix. For instance, a value for the branching ratio $Br(t\rightarrow cγ)\sim 10^{-6}$ for $\tanβ=2.5$ and general neutral Higgs mixing parameters, $1.16\leqα_1\leq1.5$, $-0.48\leqα_2\leq-0.1$. The number of events for the $t\rightarrow c γ$ decay with an integrated luminosity of 300 $fb^{-1}$ is estimated as $10\lesssim N_{Eff}\lesssim 100$ for the parameters of the model constrained by experimental data.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Predictive Contracting
Creators: name: Williams, Spencer
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: This Article examines how contract drafters can use data on contract outcomes to inform contract design. Building on recent developments in contract data collection and analysis, the Article proposes “predictive contracting,” a new method of contracting in which contract drafters can design contracts using a technology system that helps predict the connections between contract terms and outcomes. Predictive contracting will be powered by machine learning and draw on contract data obtained from integrated contract management systems, natural language processing, and computable contracts. The Article makes both theoretical and practical contributions to the contracts literature. On a theoretical level, predictive contracting can lead to greater customization, increased innovation, more complete contract design, more effective balancing of front-end and back-end costs, better risk assessment and allocation, and more accurate term pricing for negotiation. On a practical level, predictive contracting has the potential to significantly alter the role of transactional lawyers by providing them with access to previously unavailable information on the statistical connections between contract terms and outcomes. In addition to these theoretical and practical contributions, the Article also anticipates and addresses limitations and risks of predictive contracting, including technical constraints, concerns regarding data privacy and confidentiality, the regulation of the unauthorized practice of law and the potential for exacerbating information inequality.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol 2019 No 2
Managing the unmanageable? : the Torres Strait Treaty : its effectiveness today
Creators: name: Vlacci, Sandra
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Australia
Treaties
Papua New Guinea
Boundaries
Territorial waters

description: This paper examines an international treaty which deals with not only sovereignty and boundary delineation, but indigenous and environmental issues. It addresses the Torres Strait Treaty and the relationship between it, the Torres Strait Islanders, and the Torres Strait environment.
Muon anomalous magnetic moment in a $SU(4) \otimes U(1)_N$ model without exotic electric charges
Creators: name: Cogollo, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an electroweak gauge extension of the standard model, so called 3-4-1 model, which does not contain exotic electric charges and it is anomaly free. We discuss phenomenological constraints of the model and compute all the corrections to the muon magnetic moment. Mainly, we discuss different mass regimes and their impact on this correction, deriving for the first time direct limits on the masses of the neutral fermions and charged vector bosons. Interestingly, the model could address the reported muon anomalous magnetic moment excess, however it would demands a rather low scale of symmetry breaking, far below the current electroweak constraints on the model. Thus, if this excess is confirmed in the foreseeable future by the g-2 experiment at FERMILAB, this 3-4-1 model can be decisively ruled out since the model cannot reproduce a sizeable and positive contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment consistent with current electroweak limits.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1409.8115
Strict bounding of quantities of interest in computations based on domain decomposition
Creators: name: Rey, Valentine
name: Gosselet, Pierre
name: Rey, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with bounding the error on the estimation of quantities of interest obtained by finite element and domain decomposition methods. The proposed bounds are written in order to separate the two errors involved in the resolution of reference and adjoint problems : on the one hand the discretization error due to the finite element method and on the other hand the algebraic error due to the use of the iterative solver. Beside practical considerations on the parallel computation of the bounds, it is shown that the interface conformity can be slightly relaxed so that local enrichment or refinement are possible in the subdomains bearing singularities or quantities of interest which simplifies the improvement of the estimation. Academic assessments are given on 2D static linear mechanic problems.
description: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Elsevier, 2015, online preview
Depoliticising disaster response in a politically saturated context: the case of the 2016–19 droughts in Zimbabwe
Creators: name: Desportes, Isabelle
name: Moyo-Nyoni, Ntombizakhe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: authoritarianism
subject: conflict
subject: depoliticisation
subject: disaster
subject: drought
subject: governance
subject: humanitarian
subject: politics
subject: Zimbabwe
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Responding to disasters triggered by natural hazards is a deeply political process, but it is usually presented by practitioners as an apolitical endeavour. This is striking when disasters occur in authoritarian and politically highly polarised conflict-affected settings. Although the literature provides leads as to why and how humanitarians depoliticise aid, there has been little empirical research on the implications of depoliticisation, especially at the community level. Based on qualitative fieldwork that focused on the drought responses that overlapped with the 2016–19 sociopolitical crises in Zimbabwe, this paper details the practices, motivations, and implications of humanitarian depoliticisation. It differentiates between strategic, coerced, and routine managerial depoliticisation, and argues that, in an authoritarian conflict-affected setting, depoliticisation strategically allows state and non-state actors to defuse sensitive issues and actor relations and to remain safe. However, depoliticisation can also have implications for information management, monitoring, accountability, and protection, and thus ultimately for upholding humanitarian principles.
title: Biomedical Madness
title: A History of Schizophrenia Research and Biological Psychiatry in Postwar Britain, 1970-1994
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Freeborn, Alfred
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Psychiatrie
subject: Biomedizin
subject: Schizophrenie
subject: Wissenschaftsgeschichte
subject: Psychiatry
subject: Biomedicine
subject: Schizophrenia
subject: History of Science
subject: Wissenschaftsgeschichte
subject: XB 5604
subject: CM 2000
subject: XB 5693
subject: XB 3604
subject: XB 3693

description: In den 1980er Jahren erlangte ein biomedizinisches Modell der Schizophrenie, das von Forschern des Clinical Research Centre im Nordwesten Londons entwickelt wurde, internationale Bedeutung auf dem Gebiet der biologischen Psychiatrie. Es konnte jedoch nicht validiert werden, und die am häufigsten wiederholten Beweise, die zu seiner Stützung herangezogen wurden, erwiesen sich als diagnostisch unbedeutend. Trotz der überwältigenden Popularität pharmazeutischer Behandlungen und biologischer Theorien in der heutigen Psychiatrie ist die Geschichte der biologischen Psychiatrie der Nachkriegszeit voll von Enttäuschungen und unerfüllten Erwartungen. Um die Bedeutung von Fortschritt und Scheitern in der biologischen Psychiatrie der Nachkriegszeit zu beurteilen, bietet das biomedizinische Modell der Schizophrenie des CRC eine nützliche Fallstudie. Indem die Entstehung einer biomedizinischen Tatsache nachgezeichnet und dieses biomedizinische Modell in seinen historisch-epistemologischen Kontext gestellt wird, ergibt sich ein subtileres und komplexeres Bild davon, wie biomedizinisches Wissen produziert wird. Es wird argumentiert, dass die Umwandlung der Schizophrenie von einer funktionellen Psychose zu einer rein biologischen Störung in der Nachkriegszeit sinnbildlich für eine umfassendere Verschiebung der erkenntnistheoretischen Schwelle der Psychiatrie ist.
description: In the 1980s a biomedical model of schizophrenia developed by researchers at the Clinical Research Centre in north-west London gained international ascendancy in the field of biological psychiatry. It failed, however, to be validated and the most replicated piece of evidence used in its support proved to have no diagnostic significance. Despite the overwhelming popularity of pharmaceutical treatments and biological theories in contemporary psychiatry, the history of postwar biological psychiatry is replete with disappointment and unfulfilled expectations. In order to assess the meaning of progress and failure in postwar biological psychiatry, the CRC biomedical model of schizophrenia offers a useful case study. By tracing the genesis of a biomedical fact and placing this biomedical model in its historical-epistemological context, a more subtle and complex picture of how biomedical knowledge is produced is presented. It is argued that the postwar transformation of schizophrenia from a functional psychosis to a purely biological disorder is emblematic of a wider shift in the epistemological threshold of psychiatry.
Clozapine modulates retinoid homeostasis in human brain and normalizes serum retinoic acid deficit in patients with schizophrenia
Creators: name: Regen, Francesca
name: Cosma, Nicoleta-Carmen
name: Otto, Lisa R.
name: Clemens, Vera
name: Saksone, Lana
name: Gellrich, Janine
name: Uesekes, Berk
name: Ta, Thi Minh Tam
name: Hahn, Eric
name: Dettling, Michael
name: Heuser, Isabella
name: Hellmann-Regen, Julian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Antipsychotic Agents
subject: Clozapine
subject: Homeostasis
subject: Leukocytes, Mononuclear
subject: Retinoids
subject: Schizophrenia
subject: Tretinoin
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The atypical antipsychotic clozapine is one of the most potent drugs of its class, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain insufficiently understood. Recent evidence points toward the involvement of endogenous retinoic acid (RA) signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here we investigated whether clozapine may modulate RA-signaling. Effects of clozapine on the catabolism of all-trans RA (at-RA), the biologically most active metabolite of Vitamin A, were assessed in murine and human brain tissue and peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). In patients with schizophrenia with and without clozapine treatment and matched healthy controls, at-RA serum levels and blood mRNA expression of retinoid-related genes in PBMCs were quantified. Clozapine and its metabolites potently inhibited RA catabolism at clinically relevant concentrations. In PBMC-derived microsomes, we found a large interindividual variability of the sensitivity toward the effects of clozapine. Furthermore, at-RA and retinol serum levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia compared with matched healthy controls. Patients treated with clozapine exhibited significantly higher at-RA serum levels compared with patients treated with other antipsychotics, while retinol levels did not differ between treatment groups. Similarly, in patients without clozapine treatment, mRNA expression of RA-inducible targets CYP26A and STRA6, as well as at-RA/retinol ratio, were significantly reduced. In contrast, clozapine-treated patients did not differ from healthy controls in this regard. Our findings provide the first evidence for altered peripheral retinoid homeostasis in schizophrenia and suggest modulation of RA catabolism as a novel mechanism of action of clozapine, which may be useful in future antipsychotic drug development.
Associative, Lie, and left-symmetric algebras of derivations
Creators: name: Umirbaev, Ualbai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $P_n=k[x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial algebra over a field $k$ of characteristic zero in the variables $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n$ and $\mathscr{L}_n$ be the left-symmetric algebra of all derivations of $P_n$ \cite{Dzhuma99,UU2014-1}. Using the language of $\mathscr{L}_n$, for every derivation $D\in \mathscr{L}_n$ we define the associative algebra $A_D$, the Lie algebra $L_D$, and the left-symmetric algebra $\mathscr{L}_D$ related to the study of the Jacobian Conjecture. For every derivation $D\in \mathscr{L}_n$ there is a unique $n$-tuple $F=(f_1,f_2,\ldots,f_n)$ of elements of $P_n$ such that $D=D_F=f_1\partial_1+f_2\partial_2+\ldots+f_n\partial_n$. In this case, using an action of the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions $\mathrm{NSymm}$ on $P_n$, we show that these algebras are closely related to the description of coefficients of the formal inverse to the polynomial endomorphism $X+tF$, where $X=(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n)$ and $t$ is an independent parameter. We prove that the Jacobian matrix $J(F)$ is nilpotent if and only if all right powers $D_F^{[r]}$ of $D_F$ in $\mathscr{L}_n$ have zero divergence. In particular, if $J(F)$ is nilpotent then $D_F$ is right nilpotent. We discuss some advantages and shortcomings of these algebras and formulate some open questions.
description: 17 pages
Supplementary Information from Explaining flexible continuous speech comprehension from individual motor rhythms
Creators: name: Lubinus, Christina
name: Keitel, Anne
name: Obleser, Jonas
name: Poeppel, David
name: Rimmele, Johanna M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: When speech is too fast, the tracking of the acoustic signal along the auditory pathway deteriorates, leading to suboptimal speech segmentation and decoding of speech information. Thus, speech comprehension is limited by the temporal constraints of the auditory system. Here we ask whether individual differences in auditory-motor coupling strength in part shape these temporal constraints. In two behavioural experiments, we characterize individual differences in the comprehension of naturalistic speech as function of the individual synchronization between the auditory and motor systems and the preferred frequencies of the systems. Obviously, speech comprehension declined at higher speech rates. Importantly, however, both higher auditory-motor synchronization and higher spontaneous speech motor production rates were predictive of better speech-comprehension performance. Furthermore, performance increased with higher working memory capacity (Digit Span) and higher linguistic, model-based sentence predictability—particularly so at higher speech rates and for individuals with high auditory-motor synchronization. The data provide evidence for a model of speech comprehension in which individual flexibility of not only the motor system but also auditory-motor synchronization may play a modulatory role.
Mesenchymal stromal cell and bone marrow concentrate therapies for musculoskeletal indications: a concise review of current literature
Creators: name: Eder, Christian
name: Schmidt-Bleek, Katharina
name: Geissler, Sven
name: Sass, F. Andrea
name: Maleitzke, Tazio
name: Pumberger, Matthias
name: Perka, Carsten
name: Duda, Georg N.
name: Winkler, Tobias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesenchymal stromal cells
subject: Orthopedic surgery
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The interest on applying mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in orthopedic disorders has risen tremendously in the last years due to scientific successes in preclinical in vitro and animal model studies. In a wide range of diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system, MSCs are currently under evaluation, but so far have found access to clinical use only in few cases. The current assignment is to translate the acquired knowledge into clinical practice. Therefore, this review aims at presenting a synopsis of the up-to-date status of the use of MSCs and MSC related cell products in musculoskeletal indications. Clinical studies were included, whereas preclinical and animal study data not have been considered. Most studies published so far investigate the final outcome applying bone marrow derived MSCs. In fewer trials the use of adipose tissue derived MSCs and allogenic MSCs was investigated in different applications. Although the reported results are equivocal in the current literature, the vast majority of the studies shows a benefit of MSC based therapies depending on the cell sources and the indication in clinical use. In summary, the clinical use of MSCs in patients in orthopedic indications has been found to be safe. Standardized protocols and clear definitions of the mechanisms of action and the mode and timing of application as well as further coordinated research efforts will be necessary for finally adding MSC based therapies in standard operating procedures and guidelines for the clinicians treating orthopedic disorders.
The muon anomalous magnetic moment in the supersymmetric economical 3-3-1 model
Creators: name: Binh, D. T.
name: Huong, D. T.
name: Long, H. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the context of the supersymmetric version of the economical 3-3-1 model. We compute the 1-loop contribution of super-partner particles. We show that contribution of superparticle loop becomes significant when \tan γis large. We investigate for both small and large values of $\tan γ$. We find the region of the parameter space where the slepton masses are of a few hundreds GeV is favour by the muon g-2 for small \tan γ(\tan γ\sim 5 ). Numerical estimation gives the mass of supersymmetric particle, the mass of gauginos m_G \sim 700 GeV and light slepton mass m_{\tilde{L}} is of order O (100) GeV. When \tanγ is large (\tanγ \sim 60), the mass of charged slepton m_{\tilde{L}} and the mass of gauginos m_G\sim O(1) TeV while the mass of sneutrino \sim 450 GeV is in the reach of LHC.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures
Visualization of Inflammation in Experimental Colitis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Very Small Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles
Creators: name: Golusda, Laura
name: Kühl, Anja A.
name: Lehmann, Malte
name: Dahlke, Katja
name: Mueller, Susanne
name: Boehm-Sturm, Philipp
name: Saatz, Jessica
name: Traub, Heike
name: Schnorr, Joerg
name: Freise, Christian
name: Taupitz, Matthias
name: Biskup, Karina
name: Blanchard, Véronique
name: Klein, Oliver
name: Sack, Ingolf
name: Siegmund, Britta
name: Paclik, Daniela
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: magnetic resonance imaging
subject: inflammatory bowel diseases
subject: extracellular matrix
subject: DSS-induced colitis
subject: transfer colitis
subject: very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). Both forms present with a chronic inflammation of the (gastro) intestinal tract, which induces excessive changes in the composition of the associated extracellular matrix (ECM). In UC, the inflammation is limited to the colon, whereas it can occur throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract in CD. Tools for early diagnosis of IBD are still very limited and highly invasive and measures for standardized evaluation of structural changes are scarce. To investigate an efficient non-invasive way of diagnosing intestinal inflammation and early changes of the ECM, very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOPs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were applied in two mouse models of experimental colitis: the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and the transfer model of colitis. For further validation of ECM changes and inflammation, tissue sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. For in depth ex-vivo investigation of VSOPs localization within the tissue, Europium-doped VSOPs served to visualize the contrast agent by imaging mass cytometry (IMC). VSOPs accumulation in the inflamed colon wall of DSS-induced colitis mice was visualized in T2* weighted MRI scans. Components of the ECM, especially the hyaluronic acid content, were found to influence VSOPs binding. Using IMC, co-localization of VSOPs with macrophages and endothelial cells in colon tissue was shown. In contrast to the DSS model, colonic inflammation could not be visualized with VSOP-enhanced MRI in transfer colitis. VSOPs present a potential contrast agent for contrast-enhanced MRI to detect intestinal inflammation in mice at an early stage and in a less invasive manner depending on hyaluronic acid content.
A Regulatory Classification of Digital Assets
Creators: name: Henderson, M. Todd
name: Raskin, Max
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Digital assets are hot right now. Whether cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin, or initial coin offerings and tokens, this new asset class has captured the imagination of American investors. While it remains to be seen if this phenomenon has staying power, there is no doubt that these assets and their promoters have attracted the attention of the Securities and Exchange Commission. But neither Congress nor the SEC has formally elucidated which digital assets are securities and which are not. This Article seeks to provide clarity in determining which digital assets are securities. It proposes two tests that operationalize the Supreme Court’s test in SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. The first test is the Bahamas Test, which asks whether a digital asset is sufficiently decentralized such that it is not a security. The second test is the Substantial Steps Test which is used to determine whether an investment is made with an expectation of profit. This Article takes a rules-based approach to provide clarity and begin a conversation about crafting more predictable jurisprudence and regulation in this area.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol 2019 No 2
Data-Collection Instruments
Creators: name: Petrovitch, Dan
name: Van Allen, Jason
name: Mitchell, Sean
name: Littlefield, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical psychology

description: These are the original data collection instruments used in Petrovitch et al., 2023.
 The reference to the source for each adapted item set is included below each table.
Polarized microwave emission from space particles in the upper atmosphere of the Earth
Creators: name: López-Viejobueno, Jennifer
name: Beitia-Antero, Leire
name: de Castro, Ana I. Gómez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tons of space particles enter the Earth atmosphere every year, being detected when they produce fireballs, meteor showers, or when they impact the Earth surface. Particle detection in the showers could also be attempted from space using satellites in low Earth orbit. Measuring the polarization would provide extra crucial information on the dominant alignment mechanisms and the properties of the meteor families. In this article, we evaluate the expected signal to aid in the design of space probes for this purpose. We have used the RADMC-3D code to simulate the polarized microwave emission of aligned dust particles with different compositions: silicates, carbonates and irons. We have assumed a constant spatial particle density distribution of 0.22 cm$^{-3}$, based on particle density measurements carried during meteor showers. Four different grain size distributions with power indices ranging from $-3.5$ to $-2.0$ and dust particles with radius ranging from 0.01 $\mathrmμ$m to 1 cm have been considered for the simulations. Silicates and carbonates align their minor axis with the direction of the solar radiation field; during the flight time into the Earth atmosphere, iron grains get oriented with the Earth's magnetic field depending on their size. Alignment direction is reflected in the $Q$-Stokes parameter and in the polarization variation along the orbit. Polarization depends on the composition and on the size distribution of the particles. The simulations show that some specific particle populations might be detectable even with a small probe equipped with high sensitivity, photon-counting microwave detectors operating in low Earth orbit.
Additional file 1 of The potential value of fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) in the assessment of inflammation in spondyloarthritis
Creators: name: Ding, Yimei
name: Xue, Luan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Monotonicity properties of exclusion sensitivity
Creators: name: Forsström, Malin Palö
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J10, 05C81

description: In~\cite{bgs2013}, exclusion sensitivity and exclusion stability for symmetric exclusion processes on graphs were defined as a natural analogue of noise sensitivity and noise stability in this setting. As these concepts were defined for any sequence of connected graphs, it is natural to study the monotonicity properties of these definitions with respect to adding edges to the graphs, and in particular, whether some graphs are more stable or sensitive than others. The main purpose of this paper is to answer some such question from~\cite{bgs2013}. The main tool used is included results about the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the generator of symmetric exclusion processes on complete graphs.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Shortcuts to nonabelian braiding
Creators: name: Karzig, Torsten
name: Pientka, Falko
name: Refael, Gil
name: von Oppen, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological quantum information processing relies on adiabatic braiding of nonabelian quasiparticles. Performing the braiding operations in finite time introduces transitions out of the ground-state manifold and deviations from the nonabelian Berry phase. We show that these errors can be eliminated by suitably designed counterdiabatic correction terms in the Hamiltonian. We implement the resulting shortcuts to adiabaticity for simple protocols of nonabelian braiding and show that the error suppression can be substantial even for approximate realizations of the counterdiabatic terms.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures plus supplementary material
Pew Research Center: Interactive Voice Response Study March 2021
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Economic conditions in your community (2); amount of profit made by corporations (1); lost job/pay/hours due to coronavirus outbreak (2); attachment to your community (1); military service (1); volunteering in past 12 months (1); disability or handicap (1); robots and computers doing most of work done currently by humans (1); responsibility for future of American workforce (1); internet and social media usage (12); books read in past 12 months (1); listen to radio (1); cell phones (2); importance of religion (1); how often do you pray (1); home ownership (1); registered to vote (1); follow government and public affairs (1).
The IMAGEN study: a decade of imaging genetics in adolescents
Creators: name: Mascarell Maričić, Lea
name: Walter, Henrik
name: Rosenthal, Annika
name: Ripke, Stephan
name: Quinlan, Erin Burke
name: Banaschewski, Tobias
name: Barker, Gareth J.
name: Bokde, Arun L. W.
name: Bromberg, Uli
name: Büchel, Christian
name: Desrivières, Sylvane
name: Flor, Herta
name: Frouin, Vincent
name: Garavan, Hugh
name: Itterman, Bernd
name: Martinot, Jean-Luc
name: Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère
name: Nees, Frauke
name: Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
name: Paus, Tomáš
name: Poustka, Luise
name: Hohmann, Sarah
name: Smolka, Michael N.
name: Fröhner, Juliane H.
name: Whelan, Robert
name: Kaminski, Jakob
name: Schumann, Gunter
name: Heinz, Andreas
name: IMAGEN Consortium
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adolescent Behavior
subject: Multicenter Studies as Topic
subject: Reproducibility of Results
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Imaging genetics offers the possibility of detecting associations between genotype and brain structure as well as function, with effect sizes potentially exceeding correlations between genotype and behavior. However, study results are often limited due to small sample sizes and methodological differences, thus reducing the reliability of findings. The IMAGEN cohort with 2000 young adolescents assessed from the age of 14 onwards tries to eliminate some of these limitations by offering a longitudinal approach and sufficient sample size for analyzing gene-environment interactions on brain structure and function. Here, we give a systematic review of IMAGEN publications since the start of the consortium. We then focus on the specific phenotype ‘drug use’ to illustrate the potential of the IMAGEN approach. We describe findings with respect to frontocortical, limbic and striatal brain volume, functional activation elicited by reward anticipation, behavioral inhibition, and affective faces, and their respective associations with drug intake. In addition to describing its strengths, we also discuss limitations of the IMAGEN study. Because of the longitudinal design and related attrition, analyses are underpowered for (epi-) genome-wide approaches due to the limited sample size. Estimating the generalizability of results requires replications in independent samples. However, such densely phenotyped longitudinal studies are still rare and alternative internal cross-validation methods (e.g., leave-one out, split-half) are also warranted. In conclusion, the IMAGEN cohort is a unique, very well characterized longitudinal sample, which helped to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms involved in complex behavior and offers the possibility to further disentangle genotype × phenotype interactions.
A low-rank approach to the computation of path integrals
Creators: name: Litsarev, M. S.
name: Oseledets, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for solving the reaction-diffusion equation with general potential in free space. It is based on the approximation of the Feynman-Kac formula by a sequence of convolutions on sequentially diminishing grids. For computation of the convolutions we propose a fast algorithm based on the low-rank approximation of the Hankel matrices. The algorithm has complexity of $\mathcal{O}(nr M \log M + nr^2 M)$ flops and requires $\mathcal{O}(M r)$ floating-point numbers in memory, where $n$ is the dimension of the integral, $r \ll n$, and $M$ is the mesh size in one dimension. The presented technique can be generalized to the higher-order diffusion processes.
Existence of Atoms and Molecules in the Mean-Field Approximation of No-Photon Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Hainzl, Christian
name: Lewin, Mathieu
name: Sere, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bogoliubov-Dirac-Fock (BDF) model is the mean-field approximation of no-photon Quantum Electrodynamics. The present paper is devoted to the study of the minimization of the BDF energy functional under a charge constraint. An associated minimizer, if it exists, will usually represent the ground state of a system of $N$ electrons interacting with the Dirac sea, in an external electrostatic field generated by one or several fixed nuclei. We prove that such a minimizer exists when a binding (HVZ-type) condition holds. We also derive, study and interpret the equation satisfied by such a minimizer. Finally, we provide two regimes in which the binding condition is fulfilled, obtaining the existence of a minimizer in these cases. The first is the weak coupling regime for which the coupling constant $α$ is small whereas $αZ$ and the particle number $N$ are fixed. The second is the non-relativistic regime in which the speed of light tends to infinity (or equivalently $α$ tends to zero) and $Z$, $N$ are fixed. We also prove that the electronic solution converges in the non-relativistic limit towards a Hartree-Fock ground state.
description: Final version, to appear in Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal
Inflation and Monetary Policy transmission in the euro area: a FAVAR approach
Creators: name: Vaccaro-Grange, Etienne
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 140212 Macroeconomics (incl. Monetary and Fiscal Theory)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods

description: This paper presents an empirical analysis of monetary policy transmission
through the interest rate channel in the euro area. In particular, we employ a FAVAR approach
and introduce its recent extension to the cointegration framework: the FECM specification. In
line with the literature, we find that a positive shock on the Policy instrument impacts price
indexes negatively. Theory-consistent results are also found for money aggregates and inflation
survey forecasts. Besides, we notice that the Policy rate actually plays little role in explaining
the variance of most macroeconomic variables (usually less than 8%). Finally the contribution
of the Policy rate to inflation has relatively been constant over the period 1999:Q1-2014:Q4,
with the exception of the recent financial crisis.
The GHB analogue HOCPCA improves deficits in cognition and sensorimotor function after MCAO via CaMKIIα
Creators: name: Griem-Krey, N
name: Klein, AB
name: Clausen, BH
name: Namini, MRJ
name: Nielsen, PV
name: Bhuiyan, M
name: Nagaraja, RY
name: De Silva, Travice
name: Sobey, Christopher
name: Cheng, HC
name: Orset, C
name: Vivien, D
name: Lambertsen, KL
name: Clarkson, AN
name: Wellendorph, P
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) is a major contributor to physiological and pathological glutamate-mediated Ca2+ signals, and its involvement in various critical cellular pathways demands specific pharmacological strategies. We recently presented γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) ligands as the first small molecules selectively targeting and stabilizing the CaMKIIα hub domain. Here, we report that the cyclic GHB analogue 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid (HOCPCA), improves sensorimotor function after experimental stroke in mice when administered at a clinically relevant time and in combination with alteplase. Further, we observed improved hippocampal neuronal activity and working memory after stroke. On the biochemical level, we observed that hub modulation by HOCPCA results in differential effects on distinct CaMKII pools, ultimately alleviating aberrant CaMKII signalling after cerebral ischemia. As such, HOCPCA normalised cytosolic Thr286 autophosphorylation after ischemia in mice and downregulated ischemia-specific expression of a constitutively active CaMKII kinase proteolytic fragment. Previous studies suggest holoenzyme stabilisation as a potential mechanism, yet a causal link to in vivo findings requires further studies. Similarly, HOCPCA’s effects on dampening inflammatory changes require further investigation as an underlying protective mechanism. HOCPCA’s selectivity and absence of effects on physiological CaMKII signalling highlight pharmacological modulation of the CaMKIIα hub domain as an attractive neuroprotective strategy.
Multimode metrology via scattershot sampling
Creators: name: Guanzon, Joshua J.
name: Lund, Austin P.
name: Ralph, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum information
subject: Boson sampling
subject: Optical interferometry
subject: Quantum metrology
subject: Quantum optics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Scattershot photon sources are known to have useful properties for optical quantum computing and boson-sampling purposes, in particular for scaling to large numbers of photons. This paper investigates the application of these scattershot sources towards the metrological task of estimating an unknown phase shift. In this regard, we introduce three different scalable multimode interferometers and quantify their quantum Fisher information performance using scattershot sources with arbitrary system sizes. We show that two of the interferometers need the probing photons to be in certain input configurations to beat the classical shot-noise precision limit, while the remaining interferometer has the necessary symmetry which allows it to always beat the classical limit no matter the input configuration. However, we can prove that all three interferometers give the same amount of information on average, which can be shown to beat the classical precision limit. We also perform Monte Carlo simulations to compare the interferometers in different experimentally relevant regimes, as a function of the number of samples.
Additional file 1 of Oral–visceral iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature
Creators: name: Nyeko, Richard
name: Geriga, Fadhil
name: Angom, Racheal
name: Kambugu, Joyce Balagadde
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment protocol, Uganda Cancer Institute.