Colletes bicolor Smith 1879
Creators: name: Ferrari, Rafael R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Colletes
Colletes bicolor

description: Colletes bicolor Smith, 1879
(Figs. 11A–F)
Colletes bicolor Smith, 1879: 3; Dalla Torre 1896: 38; Cockerell 1904: 276, 1909: 398, 1919: 208; Friese 1906: 89, 1910: 642; 1912: 366; Schrotkky 1907: 5, 1913: 236; Jensen-Haarup 1908: 99; Jörgensen 1909: 221, 1912a: 300, 1912b: 92; Claude- Joseph 1926: 131; Jaffuel & Pirion 1926: 364; Gazulla & Ruiz 1928: 300; Ruiz 1936: 165, 1944: 206; Toro 1986: 122, 1999: 27; Rojas & Toro 1993: 86; Moure & Urban 2002: 5; Moure et al. 2007: 679; Almeida & Danforth 2009: 293; Kuhlmann et al. 2009: 296; Montalva & Ruz 2010: 21; Almeida et al. 2011: 7; Ascher & Pickering 2017.
Lectotype ♀ (examined). {NHM}. [hereby designated]
Biglossa andina Jörgensen, 1909: 221. Synonymy proposed by Jörgensen (1912a: 300). Syntypes ♀ and ♂ (not examined). {whereabouts unknown}.
Diagnosis. The combination of pubescence on mesosomal dorsum ferruginous, and metasoma metallic blue is sufficient to distinguish C. bicolor from all Chilean species of the genus, except C. flaminii and C. fulvipes. From the former, C. bicolor can be differentiated by the mesepisternal interspaces smooth (interspaces imbricate in C. flaminii); female malar area 0.7x as long as basal depth of mandible (malar area 1.4x as long as basal depth of mandible in C. flaminii); and male paraocular area with black hairs (paraocular area without black hairs in C. flaminii). Colletes bicolor can be readily differentiated from C. fulvipes by the black tibiae (tibiae pale-orange in C. fulvipes).
Redescription. FEMALE (Figs. 11A, 11C, 11E): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 10.5–11.6; head width 3.2–3.6; head length 2.5–2.8; intertegular distance 2.5–2.9; forewing length 7.3–8.0.
Colouration: Black except metallic blue on metasomal terga (except T6 black). Metallic dark-blue on metasomal sterna (except S6 dark-brown). Reddish-brown on distal half of tarsal claws; marked on distal half of mandible. Pale-orange on tegula, proximal half of tarsal claws. Dark-brown on tibial spurs, distitarsi, stigma, wing veins (except veins C, R and M+Cu of forewing black).
Structure: Labrum medially concave; concavity margined by lateral ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area neither depressed nor carinate; adjacent lateral area convex; apicomedial ridge absent. Malar area ~0.7x as long as basal depth of mandible (30:44). F1 ~1.1x as long as its apical width (38:34). UID:LID (72:63). Genal area concave behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum modified into a spine. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum half as long as metanotum (20:40); metapostnotal pits well-delimited; posterior transverse carina sinuous and complete. Posteromedial surface of front coxa bearing short spine (0.5x MOD). Posterior hind tibial spur ciliate. Hind basitarsus ~3.6x longer than broad (55:15). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws 2x as long as inner rami (40:20). Posterolateral area of S6 flat and lacking carina; marginal zone depressed.
Pubescence: Black, plumose, erect, long on lateral slopes of clypeus and supraclypeal area, interantennal, paraocular, frontal and genal areas, mesepisternum, metepisternum, ventral surface of front coxa, posteroventral surface of front femur, ventral surface of mid trochanter, ventral margin of mid femur, T1 (except suberect, moderately long laterally), S1; such hairs very long on vertexal area, upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum, ventral surface of hind coxa and trochanter. Pronotal lobe with mixed off-white and black, plumose, erect, moderately long hairs. Ferruginous, plumose, erect, moderately long on mesoscutum, scutellum; such hairs long on metanotum. Black, suberect, very long hairs, which are branched only apically on anterior surface of hind femur and tibia. Fulvous, suberect, thick setae on ventral surface of mid and hind tarsi; thickest towards distal margin. Black, erect, short setae on discs of T2–T3; moderately short on dorsal surface of front and mid tibiae and mid basitarsus, T2–T3 laterally, S3–S6; moderately long on mandible, posterior surface of front tibia, dorsal surface of front tarsus, T4–T5 laterally. S2 with black, erect, moderately short hairs, which are branched only apically.
Surface sculpture: Mid-longitudinal depressed area densely and moderately finely punctate; sparser and coarser on adjacent convex area; lower 1/3 longitudinally striate. Malar area with very sparse punctures; interspaces substrigulate. Supraclypeal area imbricate on disc; lateral slopes punctures crowded. Paraocular area punctures crowded and moderately coarse (except coarsely punctate towards antennal socket); interspaces shiny. Frontal area punctures crowded and coarse. Vertexal area with very sparse moderately fine punctures; interspaces smooth and shiny. Mesoscutum and scutellum densely and moderately coarsely punctate (except mesoscutal disc sparsely punctate and scutellar posterior 1/3 with crowded punctures); interspaces smooth and shiny throughout. Metanotum punctures crowded. Mesepisternum densely and coarsely punctate; interspaces smooth above, rugulose below. Metepisternum obliquely striate medially; rugose above and below. Punctation on lateral surface of propodeum difficult to discern from the overall rugulose integument. Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum rugose medially. Metasomal terga minutely punctate; interspaces smooth and shiny. Metasomal sterna finely and moderately densely punctate (except sparsely punctate on mid-longitudinal bands); interspaces imbricate.
MALE (Figs. 11B, 11D, 11F). As in female, except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows:
Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.9–9.8; head width 3.2–3.5; head length 2.5–2.7; intertegular distance 2.5–2.8; forewing length 7.4–7.8.
Colouration: Wing veins pale-brown (except veins C, R, and M+Cu of forewing dark-brown). Basitarsi darkbrown (except distitarsi pale-brown). T6 metallic blue.
Structure: Clypeal mid-longitudinal area narrowly (0.5x MOD) depressed on upper half; depression progressively broadening towards lower margin. Malar area ~1.4x as long as basal depth of mandible (34:24). F1 ~0.9x as long as its apical width (34:38). UID:LID (70:57). Dorsolateral angle of pronotum triangular acute. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum half as long as metanotum (22:40). Posteromedial surface of front coxa without spine. Hind basitarsus ~3.6x longer than broad (47:13). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~1.4x as long as inner rami (32:22). S7, S8 and genital capsule as in Figs. 12A, 12B, 12C, respectively.
Pubescence: Pale-yellow on lateral slopes of clypeus and supraclypeal area, interantennal and paraocular areas (except for longitudinal band of black hairs near inner margin of compound eye). Frontal, vertexal and genal areas, mesepisternum, legs with fuscous hairs intermingled with pale-yellow ones. Pronotal lobe without black hairs. Moderately long on metasomal sterna. S2 with plumose hairs. Marginal zones of S2–S5 with transverse line (complete on S2, interrupted medially on S3–S5) of off-white, plumose, erect, moderately short hairs.
Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinal depressed area densely punctate. Supraclypeal area rugulose. Paraocular area densely and moderately finely punctate. Vertexal interspaces rugulose. Mesoscutal anterior 1/3 moderately densely punctate. Mesepisternum moderately coarsely punctate. Lateral surface of propodeum with smooth interspaces. Metasomal terga finely punctate; moderately dense on T1–T2; sparse elsewhere.
Material studied. Primary type specimen: Lectotype ♀ of C. bicolor— “Type”. “B.M. TYPE; HYM.; 17.a.534 ”. “ Colletes; bicolor.; Sm.; (Type)”. “ Mendoza ”. “SYN-; TYPE”. “♀ SYNTYPE; Colletes; bicolor Smith 1879: 3; det. D. Notton 2016”. “LECTOTYPE; Colletes bicolor ♀; Smith, 1879; designated R. Ferrari, 2017”. {NHM}. [hereby designated].
Secondary type specimen: Paralectotype ♀ of C. bicolor — ARGENTINA—Mendoza: 1♀, {NHM}.
Additional specimens: ARGENTINA—Catamarca: 5km NE of Santa Maria, (-26.651, -66.013), 1886m, 18/ ii/2003, [L.Packer], 1♀, {PCYU}. Tucumán: 25km ESE of Amaicha del Valle, (-26.600, - 65.895), 2065m, 25/x/ 2004, [E.Almeida], 1♀, {UFMG}. CHILE — Region III: 1km N of Caldera, (-27.057, -70.802), 17m, 16/x/2009, [J.Gibbs], 1♀ 1♂, {PCYU}. Caldera, (-27.057, -70.805), 15m, 17/x/2014, [J.Postlethwaite], 1♂, {PCYU}. Canto del Agua, (-27.380, -70.344), 443m, 21/x/1969, [Rozen & Peña], 1♀, {AMNH}. Chanchoquin, (-28.848, -70.285), 1210m, 27/x/1980, [L.Peña], 1♀, {AMNH}. Las Juntas, 5/x/1982, [Montenegro], 1♀, {AMNH}. Pesquera Bahia Caldera, (-27.054, -70.804), 14m, 15/xi/2013, [Postlethwaite & Monckton], 1♀, {PCYU}. Region IV: 7km N of Los Vilos, (-31.849, -71.493), 76m, 11/x/2003, [M.Irwin], 1♀ ♂, {BBSL}; idem, except 25/xii/2003, [Parker & Irwin], 2♀♀. 10km SW of Combarbala, (-31.235, -71.088), 910m, 31/x/1994, [Leschen & Carlton], 1♂, {KUNHM}. 15km S of La Villa, (-30.104, -70.990), 470m, 21/xi/2003, [Irwin & Parker], 1♀ 2♂♂, {BBSL}. Chañar, (-30.286, -70.633), 1384m, 22/x/2009, [J.Gibbs], 1♀, {PCYU}. Islón, (-29.892, -71.179), 106m, 28/xi/ 1955, [Wagenknecht], 1♀, {KUNHM}. Juan Soldado, (-29.917, -71.254), 22m, 13/xii/1956, [Wagenknecht], 2♀♀, {KUNHM}. La Serena, (-29.896, -71.253), 15m, 19/xi/1955, [Wagenknecht], 3♂♂, {KUNHM}. Pichidangui, (- 32.138, -71.506), 17m, 10/ii/2003, [F.Parker], 1♂, {BBSL}. Tres Cruces, (-29.370, -70.933), 526m, i/1997, [U.Peña], 1♂, {AMNH}. Region V: Horcón, 10/xi/1967, [J.Aguila], 1♂, {AMNH}. Quintero, (-32.799, -71.538), 84m, 10/i/1967, [D.Hoz], 1♂, {AMNH}. Region Metropolitana: El Portezuelo, (-33.463, -70.770), 461m, xi/ 1978, [L.Peña], 1♀ 1♂, {AMNH}. Region VII: Tregualemu, (-35.946, -72.739), 55m, 28/xii/2006, [L.Packer], 2♀♀, {PCYU}; idem, except 17/xii/2006, 1♀ 2♂♂; idem, except N of Tregualemu, (-35.949, -72.735), 118m, 2/i/ 2013, 1♀. Region VIII: Cobquecura, (-36.138, -72.794), 43m, 6/ii/1983, [F.Rodriguez], 1♂, {AMNH}. Concepción, (-36.831, -73.027), 116m, 2/xii/1904, [P.Herbst], 1♂, {AMNH}. Region X: Llanquihue, (-41.266, - 73.018), 110m, 21/ii/2003, [F.Parker], 1♀ 1♂, {BBSL}.
Range. Argentina (Catamarca, Tucumán, Mendoza), Chile (Regions III–X). See also Fig. 10B.
Biogeographic distribution. South American transition zone: Prepuna and Monte provinces. Andean region: Central Chilean sub-region (Coquimban and Santiagan provinces); Subantarctic sub-region (Maule and Valdivian Forest provinces). Central Chilean and Western Argentinean species distributed at altitudes of 0–2100m a.s.l.
DNA barcode. Available. BOLD: AAF4093 (1♀), BOLD: AAJ6724 (1♀ 1♂). Specimens from Chile and Argentina were assigned different BINs (see Table 1). Distance between BINs: 0.54–3.41%. Distance from the nearest neighbour (C. nigritulus): 9.6–10.24%.
Floral hosts. Alstroemeriaceae— Alstroemeria sp. (Claude-Joseph 1926, Ruiz 1944). Apiaceae— Eryngium paniculatum Cav. & Dombey ex F. Delaroche (Claude-Joseph 1926, Ruiz 1944). Compositae— Baccharis pingraea DC. [Jörgensen 1909, 1912a (as B. serrulata (Lam.) Pers.)]; B. salicina Torr. & A. Gray [Jörgensen 1912a (as B. salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.)]; Senecio sp. (Claude-Joseph 1926, Ruiz 1944). Senegalia gilliesii (Steud.) Seigler & Ebinger [Jörgensen 1912a (as Acacia furcata Desv.)]; Glycyrrhiza astragalina Hook. & Arn. (Jörgensen 1912a, 1912b, Jaffuel & Pirion 1926); Medicago sativa L. (Jörgensen 1912a); Prosopis alpataco Phil. (Jörgensen 1912a, 1912b, Jaffuel & Pirion 1926); P. campestris Griseb. (Jörgensen 1912a). Malvaceae— Sphaeralcea bonariensis (Cav.) Griseb. (Jörgensen 1912a). Myrtaceae— Myrceugenia exsucca (DC.) O. Berg [Claude-Joseph 1926 (as Eugenia corralensis (Phil.))]. Ranunculaceae— Clematis campestris A. St. -Hil. [Jaffuel & Pirion 1926 (as C. hilarii Spreng.)]. Solanaceae— Lycium chilense Bertero [Jörgensen 1909, 1912a, 1912b, Jaffuel & Pirion 1926]; L. ciliatum Schltdl. [Jörgensen 1912a, 1912b, Jaffuel & Pirion 1926 (as L. argentinum Hieron.)]; Physalis viscosa L.
(Jörgensen 1912a); Solanum atriplicifolium Gill. ex Nees (Jörgensen 1912a); S. elaeagnifolium Cav. (Jörgensen 1912a). Tamaricaceae— Tamarix africana Poir. (Jörgensen 1912a).
Comments. Colletes bicolor visits, at least, 16 genera from nine plant families, which may explain the reason why this species is so common and widely distributed in central Chile and western Argentina.
description: Published as part of Ferrari, Rafael R., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the species of Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletinae) found in Chile, pp. 1-137 in Zootaxa 4364 (1) on pages 30-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4364.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1116008