Cladorhiza caillieti Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lundsten, Lonny
name: Reiswig, Henry M.
name: Austin, William C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Cladorhizidae
Cladorhiza
Cladorhiza caillieti

description: Cladorhiza caillieti sp. nov.
Figs. 7–9
Type material. Holotype: CASIZ 194449; MBARI specimen D266-A1d; collected by ROV Doc Ricketts August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m. Paratypes: MBARI specimen D266-A1a (CASIZ 192776),b (CASIZ 192777),c (CASIZ 192778); collected by ROV Doc Ricketts August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m.
Type locality. Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada.
Etymology. Named in honor of Gregor M. Cailliet, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for his contributions to ichthyology and deep-sea biology and for providing mentorship and inspiration to graduates of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, including the first author.
Diagnosis. Cladorhizidae unbranched, with bottle-brush filament arrangement, two size classes of fusiform megasleres, four microsclere types including flat sigmas in two size classes, a third, thin, contort sigma, a sigmancistra, and two size classes of unguiferate anisochelae.
Description. A stipitate sponge with bottle-brush filament arrangement (Fig. 7A–C). One collected specimen with partial rhizoid (Fig. 7D); three others broken but assumed to have had rhizoid as well. Holotype: 7 cm long, 2.1 mm wide, filaments up to 1.72 cm long (Fig. 7C left & D). Paratypes (a) 9.13 cm long, 2.6 mm wide at base, (b) 8.7 cm long, 2.3 mm wide at base; specimen, (c) 5.4 cm long (appears broken), 3.6 mm wide at base. Long, fragile filaments, up to 1.72 cm long, which break off easily. White in situ and in preserved state.
Spicules. Large styles 1 (Figs. 8A, Table 1) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded common in axis and filament: L 1371.58 ± 104.91 µm (n=155), W 34.38 ± 6.92 µm (n=155). Large style 2 (Fig. 8B) fusiform, straight more abundant in filament and rhizoid: L 807.22 ± 174.02 µm (n=237), W 18.04 ± 5.62. Large style 3 (Fig. 8C) non-fusiform, straight common throughout but more abundant in filaments and rhizoid: L 381.9 ± 87.04 µm, W 10.74 ± 2.14 µm (n=103). Sigma 1 (Fig. 8D) robust, “flat back”, common in filaments, rare in axis: L 160.1 ± 11.87 (n=105). Sigma 2 (Fig. 8E) flat, small abundant in filaments but rare in axis: L 95.58 ± 18.55 µm (n=89). Sigma 3: (Fig. 9A) thin, contort common in axis, filaments, and rhizoid: L 96.17 ± 16.61 (n=60). Sigmancistras (Fig. 9B) small, contort abundant in filaments and axis: L 44.05 ± 2.28 µm (n=150). Multidentate unguiferate anisochelae typically five teeth on head, 3–4 teeth on foot, abundant on filaments and axis. Anisochelae in two size classes: anisochelae 1 (Fig. 9C): L 33.98 ± 2.24 (n=150); anisochelae 2 (Fig. 9D): L 18.88 ± 1.67 (n=150).
Habitat and associated fauna. Cladorhiza caillieti was observed and collected on the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge where lava flows had very little sediment cover, if at all. They were often observed in a downward facing position, hanging from the underside of overhanging ledges of basalt (Fig. 7A–B). Other organisms observed in this community included Primnoidae and Swiftia sp. of Gorgonacea, Anthomastus sp. of Alcyonacea, serpulid polychaete worms, comatulid crinoids, and numerous unidentified species of sponges. Average depth of observation was 2149 m (±172; n=5), oxygen concentration was 1.46 ml/L (±0.11; n=5), and temperature averaged 1.87 °C (±0.05; n=5). Numerous crustacean prey were observed in various states of decomposition on C. caillieti (Fig. 4E).
Remarks. Thirty-six other species of Cladorhiza are currently recognized (Lopes and Hajdu, 2013; van Soest et al., 2013) from sublittoral (110 m) to hadal (7295 m) depths. Cladorhiza caillieti differs from all other Cladorhiza in several ways including having different shape and two size classes of anisochelae, three different sigmas (including large flat-backed sigmas, smaller smooth sigmas, and even smaller thin, contort sigmas), and one size of sigmancistra. Cladorhiza caillieti differs from C. evae sp. nov. (described below) in spicule size classes and types. Cladorhiza caillieti has two size classes of anisochelae, the presence of a small, contort sigma, and nonfusiform small styles.
description: Published as part of Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M. & Austin, William C., 2014, Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific, pp. 101-123 in Zootaxa 3786 (2) on pages 112-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4913404