cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Doryphoribius qinlingense Li, Su & Yu 2004
Creators: name: Beasley, Clark W.
name: Miller, William R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Hypsibiidae
Doryphoribius
Doryphoribius qinlingense

description: Doryphoribius qinlingense Li, Su & Yu, 2004
Material examined. One moss sample from Site 4 contained three specimens; three moss samples from Site 5 yielded eleven adults and ten exuvia containing eggs.
Remarks. The morphometric characters of these specimens found in this study fitted closely with those given by Li et al. (2004). We found the ten exuvia contained an average of 6.6 eggs, ranging in number from two to eleven. Originally described from Shaanxi Province, this is only the second report of this species.
description: Published as part of Beasley, Clark W. & Miller, William R., 2012, Additional Tardigrada from Hubei Province, China, with the description of Doryphoribius barbarae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae), pp. 55-63 in Zootaxa 3170 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212706
Doryphoribius taiwanus Li & Li 2008
Creators: name: Beasley, Clark W.
name: Miller, William R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Hypsibiidae
Doryphoribius
Doryphoribius taiwanus

description: Doryphoribius taiwanus Li & Li, 2008
Material examined. One moss sample from Site 5 yielded two specimens.
Remarks. These specimens were smaller than the type specimens. The presence of transverse crests, expanded claw bases, and cuticular tubercles were consistent with the description of this species. The pt values for the buccal tube diameter and macroplacoids were approximately those of paratype 2, which was smaller than the holotype (Li & Li 2008). This is the first record for mainland China.
description: Published as part of Beasley, Clark W. & Miller, William R., 2012, Additional Tardigrada from Hubei Province, China, with the description of Doryphoribius barbarae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae), pp. 55-63 in Zootaxa 3170 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212706
Paramacrobiotus lorenae Biserov 1996
Creators: name: Beasley, Clark W.
name: Miller, William R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Paramacrobiotus
Paramacrobiotus lorenae

description: Paramacrobiotus cf. lorenae (Biserov, 1996)
Material examined. Two moss samples from Site 5 contained a total of 37 adults (three in the simplex stage) and 26 eggs.
Remarks. All morphometric data of these specimens were consistent with Paramacrobiotus lorenae except the annulation of the egg processes was not seen. However, these specimens were different from other species in the P. richtersi group by one or more characteristics. P. lorenae was described from Popov Island, part of eastern Russia, and has so far not been reported from any other location. This is a new record for China.
description: Published as part of Beasley, Clark W. & Miller, William R., 2012, Additional Tardigrada from Hubei Province, China, with the description of Doryphoribius barbarae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae), pp. 55-63 in Zootaxa 3170 on page 61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212706
Macrobiotus mauccii Pilato 1974
Creators: name: Beasley, Clark W.
name: Miller, William R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Macrobiotus
Macrobiotus mauccii

description: Macrobiotus mauccii Pilato, 1974
FIGURES 3 A–B
Material examined. Four moss samples from Site 3 contained 12 adults and 28 eggs.
Remarks. Originally described from Guangdong Province (Pilato, 1974), the only Chinese record since was for Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Beasley and Miller, 2007).
In the description of this species, Pilato (1974) described and illustrated unsculptured circular spots on the processes of the egg (Fig. 3 A). These were very evident in the Hubei eggs, varying from one to four per process. Viewed in optical section (Fig. 3 B), it appeared that these were actually openings into the interior of the process. It is hypothesized that these pores allow air to be trapped in the processes, giving the egg buoyancy. Michalczyk (pers. comm.) suggested the openings might also result in better oxygen supply for the egg. The Hubei specimens had six to ten processes around the circumference of the egg (eight in the original species description), 13–18 in a hemisphere. Egg diameter including processes 115.0–122.5 µm (average 118.4 µm), excluding processes 63.8– 91.3 µm (average 76.1 µm); the species description reported 90–100 µm including the processes, 60–70 µm excluding the processes.
description: Published as part of Beasley, Clark W. & Miller, William R., 2012, Additional Tardigrada from Hubei Province, China, with the description of Doryphoribius barbarae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae), pp. 55-63 in Zootaxa 3170 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212706
Tenuibiotus tenuiformis Tumanov 2007
Creators: name: Beasley, Clark W.
name: Miller, William R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Tenuibiotus
Tenuibiotus tenuiformis

description: Tenuibiotus tenuiformis (Tumanov, 2007)
Material examined. One moss sample from Site 1 yielded 29 adults and 5 eggs.
Remarks. There have been no reports of this species since the description by Tumanov (2007) from Kirghizia; therefore this is only the second report of the species, and a new record for China.
The Chinese specimens were all smaller than those found in Kirghizia, but the pt values of the various structures used in classification coincide or overlap, with only a few exceptions. One evident difference in measurement was the claw length and the height of the egg processes. In both these characters, Tumanov (2007) found greater values.
Tumanov’s (2007) description of buccal armature, granulation on legs, and cuticular thickenings near claw bases fit the specimens from the current study; the cuticular thickenings on the legs are faint, not as dark as in most species that have them. He also mentioned slanting cuticular bars at the pharynx end of the buccal tube; these were present in the Hubei specimens, but were very short (3.3–3.8 µm in length).
description: Published as part of Beasley, Clark W. & Miller, William R., 2012, Additional Tardigrada from Hubei Province, China, with the description of Doryphoribius barbarae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae), pp. 55-63 in Zootaxa 3170 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212706
Ornebius formosanus
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius formosanus

description: Ornebius formosanus (Shiraki, 1911)
Fig. 2
Ectatoderus formosanus Shiraki, 1911: 26
Lipohplus formosanus, Shiraki, 1930: 192
Ornebius formosanus, Chopard, 1968: 223
Holotype. China: Male, Taiwan, Kanshirei, 11th May 1910, T. Shiraki, coll..
Materials examined. China: 6 males, Hainan, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve, 14th August 2019, He Zhixin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU); Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, 19th August 2019, He Zhixin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU); Hainan, Baisha, Yinggeling National Nature Reserve, 21st August 2019, He Zhixin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU); 2 females, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, 19th August 2019, He Zhixin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU).
Description. Male. Head, dorsal view, posterior margin almost straight, lateral margins curved inward around eyes and antenna; distance between antennae is wider than width of antennal scape; frontal rostrum distinct, the width of frontal rostrum narrower than head width, about 1:3.7. In dorsal view, pronotum with anterior margin straight, posterior margin convex roundly. Tegmen well developed, somewhat quadrate; mirror fan-like, slightly shorter than width, about 1:1.1. Hind femur is slightly longer than the tibia and much longer than the first tarsal segment. Abdomen: Supra-anal plate with last abdominal tergite and epiproct distinctly separated by a transverse suture; apex of last abdominal tergite ornamented with dense hairs, emarginate in the middle. Epiproct narrow, peltate (Fig. 2F). Genitalia: Male phallic complex with the medial valve curved to a spiral in basal part with its base forming an axis in the centre of the spiral (Fig. 2C). In ventral view, internal sclerite of medial valve with two elongated and straight narrow rods (Fig. 2B), gently curved dorsally at the base in lateral view (Fig. 2C). Ventral median lobe little shorter than epiphallus and surpass the apex of ejaculatory duct (Figs 2D & E).
Colouration. Dorsal view, head and pronotum yellowish-brown. Antenna and cerci light yellowish-brown. Tegmen yellowish-brown, posterior margin dark brown. Abdomen brown.
Remarks. This species is similar to O. yunnanensis, O. aurumalas sp. n. and O. lunam sp. n. in body colouration, but different in epiproct and male genitalia.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ornebius formosanus
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius formosanus

description: Species group formosanus (Shiraki, 1911)
Figs 1–10
Type species: Ectatoderus formosanus Shiraki, 1911: 192 (China: Taiwan).
Diagnosis. Compared with other species groups of Ornebius, this species group is distinguished by the male phallic complex, clockwork-like and the medial valve curved to a spiral in basal part with its base forming an axis in the centre of the spiral (Fig. 1).
Besides the type species, the species group includes O. albalatus, O. polycomus, O. apterus, O. panda, O. yunnanensis, Ornebius lunam sp. n. and Ornebius aurumalas sp. n.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ornebius polycomus He 2017
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius polycomus

description: Ornebius polycomus He, 2017
Fig. 9
Ornebius polycomus He, 2017: 445–450.
Holotype. China: Male, Zhejiang, Lishui, Qingyuan, alt. 400–500m, 9th September 2016, He Zhuqing coll. (East China Normal University, Shanghai). Paratypes. 1 female, same data as holotype (ECNU).
Materials examined. China: 4 males, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang National Nature Reserve, 5th May 2019, Ma Libin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU); Hainan, Baisha, Yinggeling National Nature Reserve, 21st August 2019, He Zhixin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU); 4 females, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang National Nature Reserve, 5th May 2019, Ma Libin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU).
Description. Male. Typical characters of this genus. Body covered with scales except tegmen. Head small, frontal rostrum wider than antennal scape. Maxillary palpus with apical three segments elongate and fifth segment slightly widened. Pronotum two times long as head. Tegmen hardly covered by pronotum. Obvious bristles on all legs. Fore tibia with small internal tympanum. Posterior tibiae with spines from the base to end. Several long hairs gathered as a brush, and four brushes on each last four tergites laterally. Supra-anal plate is typical of other members of the genus. Male genitalia not produced dorsally. Genitalia: Male phallic complex with the medial valve curved to a spiral in basal part with its base forming an axis in the centre of the spiral (Fig. 9C). In ventral view, internal sclerite of medial valve with two elongated and straight narrow rods (Fig. 9B), somewhat curved dorsally at the base in lateral view (Fig. 9C); ventral median lobe distinctly shorter than epiphallus and not surpass the apex of ejaculatory duct (Fig. 9D & E).
Colouration. Body brown. Tegmen yellowish, outer margin with reddish-brown. All legs with white bristles. Cerci alternating with black and white.
Remarks. There are distinct differences with known species in appearance. Male genitalia is different from other species in lateral view, its ejaculatory duct a little shorter.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ornebius panda He 2019
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius panda

description: Ornebius panda He, 2019
Fig. 10
Ornebius panda He, 2019: 544–550.
Holotype. China: Male, Guangxi, Baise, Jingxi, Wuling, 19th April 2019, He Zhuqing coll.
Materials examined. China: 2 males, Guangxi, Jingxi, Longbang, 2nd May 2019, Ma Libin and Zhang Tao coll. (SNNU).
Description. Male. Body form typical of the genus. Body flat with scales, pubescent on legs and cerci. Frontal rostrum swollen, little broader than antennal scape, maxillary palpus with distal three segments elongate and fifth segment somewhat widened. Pronotum longer than width with lateral margin broadening posteriorly; posterior margin convex, covering a portion of the base of mirror. Fore tibia internal tympanum minute, rounded; without external tympanum. Dorsal margin of hind tibia is serrate with two rows of denticles with about 24–26 teeth each. Cerci elongate. Male genitalia not visible externally. Genitalia: Male phallic complex with the medial valve curved to a spiral in basal part with its base forming an axis in the centre of the spiral (Fig. 10C). In ventral view, internal sclerite of medial valve with two elongated and straight narrow rods (Fig. 10B), gently curved dorsally at the base in lateral view (Fig. 10C). Ventral median lobe little shorter than epiphallus and surpass the apex of ejaculatory duct (Figs 10D & E).
Colouration. Antennae yellow, head and pronotum brown, legs brown with white at the base. Tegmen faint yellow with apical part and lateral field black. Four small black spots on each dorsum of abdominal tergite, cercus yellowish. Ovipositor yellowish.
Remarks. This colour pattern is similar to O. citrus, O. peniculatus, O. pullus and O. tuberculatus from Thailand and Kalimantan, but it is different from the former in male genitalia distinctly.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on pages 83-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ornebius kanetataki
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius kanetataki

description: Species group kanetataki (Matsummura, 1904)
Fig. 11
Type species: Ectatoderus kanetataki Matsumura, 1904: 131 (Japan: Totomi).
Diagnosis. Comparing with other species groups of the genus Ornebius, the species group is distinguished by medial valves of male phallic complex armed with strongly sclerotized, compressed internal sclerites with acute apex and the base dorsally to support spermatophore sac (Fig. 11).
Besides the type species, the species group includes, Ornebius bimaculatus, Ornebius fuscicerci, Ornebius infuscatus, Ornebius rubidus, Ornebius vadus, Ornebius citrus, Ornebius tampines and Ornebius bioculatus.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on pages 84-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ornebius alii Bhowmik 1970
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius alii

description: Species group alii Bhowmik, 1970
Figs 12–16
Type species: Ornebius alii Bhowmik, 1970: 78–79 (India: Phulobaha).
Diagnosis. Comparing with other species groups of the genus Ornebius, the species group is distinguished by the presence of external sclerite of lateral valve; medial lobe of epiphallus with lateral valves compressed, elongate tube; external sclerites angularly bent in middle and internal sclerites curved at the base (Fig. 15).
Except of the type species, the species group includes Ornebius tuberculatus, Ornebius peniculatus, Ornebius samudra, Ornebius aureus, Ornebius cibodas, Ornebius insculptus, Ornebius dowwiangkanae and Ornebius carnificare sp. n.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ornebius flori Ingrisch 1998
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius flori

description: Species group flori Ingrisch, 1998
Fig. 17
Type species: Ornebius flori Ingrisch, 1998: 226 (East Malaysia: Sabah).
Diagnosis. Comparing with other species groups of Ornebius, the species group is distinguished by the tongueshaped epiphallus which covers most of central lobe; central lobe of phallus with lateral valves dorsoventrally compressed with acute apex, ejaculatory duct with apex truncate and a little notched (Fig. 17).
In addition to the type species, the species group includes Ornebius marginatus, Ornebius fastus, Ornebius pullus and Ornebius xinyao.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ornebius rufonigrus Ingrisch 1987
Creators: name: He, Zhixin
name: Ma, Ge
name: Long, Jifeng
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ma, Libin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Mogoplistidae
Ornebius
Ornebius rufonigrus

description: Species group rufonigrus Ingrisch, 1987
Fig. 18
Type species: Ornebius rufonigrus Ingrisch, 1987: 173 (Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat).
Diagnosis. Comparing with other species groups of the genus Ornebius, the species group is distinguished by the male phallus with external sclerites strongly developed, lateral valves forming a tube in apical area, and medial valve with internal sclerites laterally expanded in the basal spermatophore sac area (Fig. 18).
Except the type species, the species group includes Ornebius consternus, Ornebius dumoga and Ornebius alvarezi.
description: Published as part of He, Zhixin, Ma, Ge, Long, Jifeng, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Tao & Ma, Libin, 2021, Taxonomy of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae) from China: five new species groups and three new species of the genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844, pp. 72-94 in Zootaxa 4942 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4596135
Ernassa Walker 1856
Creators: name: Grados, Juan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Ernassa

description: Ernassa Walker, 1856
Ernassa Walker, 1856:1643.
Type-species: Phalaena justina Stoll, 1782. In Cramer, Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exot.) 4:186, 250, pl. 383, fig. E, by monotypy.
Characterized by the reddish or reddish-orange color pattern, bipectinate antennae with a whitish spot at the distal segments, a subproximal whitish spot on M 2 -M 3 of the forewings. Tegumen with narrow sides. Dorsal processes on the anterior part of the uncus, bearing long setae. For details of the characteristics of the genus, see Travassos (1944).
description: Published as part of Grados, Juan, 2024, Beyond appearances: the genus Ernassa Walker, 1856 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Phaegopterina) and the description of eight new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 5493 (4) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5493.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13330137
Nyetnops lachonta Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2020, new species
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nyetnops
Nyetnops lachonta

description: Nyetnops lachonta new species
Figure 8 A–F, J
Type. Male holotype (MACN-AR 29097) from Concesión Forestal La Chonta (15°42’42”S 62°46’20”W), 330 m asl, Guarayos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 26–30.x.2010, C. Grismado, M.R. Vacaflores and M. Perez, pitfall.
Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Diagnosis. Males of N. lachonta n. sp. resembles those of N. buruti n. sp. by the length of copulatory bulb (tegulum + embolus) being more than two times the palpal tibia length (Figs 8 B–C; 9B–C), differing by having a slender large bulb with a wider tegulum basal section (Fig. 8J). The strongly swollen palpal tibia, 1.8 times wider than proximal and distal portions (Fig. 8 B–C) is also diagnostic.
Description. Male (holotype): Total length 5.5. Carapace 2.0 long, 1.7 wide. Sternum 1.7 long, 1.5 wide. Leg measurements: I: 2.70; II: 2.70; III: 2.25; IV: 3.05. Carapace orange with weakly noticeable pattern (Fig. 8E). Chelicerae, palps and legs orange; coxae and trochanters lighter. Endites, labium and sternum light orange. Abdomen light gray, without a remarkable pattern (Fig. 8A). Anal tubercle and spinnerets lighter than abdomen. Anterior legs without arolium, crista or gladius. Palp with slender large copulatory bulb, swollen at tegulum basal section and just slightly swollen at apical section (Fig. 8J), tegulum surface mostly smooth, embolus surface mostly covered with fine and longitudinal grooves, embolus tip beveled (Fig. 8J), with short projection.
Female: unknown.
Distribution. Known only from type locality in Bolivia (Fig. 10C).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 472-473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nyetnops Platnick & Lise 2007
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nyetnops

description: Key for the species of Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (males only)
1. Length of copulatory bulb (tegulum + embolus) just two times or less the palpal tibia length (Figs 1 B–D; 4B–C).......... 2
- Length of copulatory bulb (tegulum + embolus) 2.7 or three times the palpal tibia length (Figs 8 B–C; 9B–C)............. 3
2. Tegulum apical section swollen on median portion, width similar to palpal tibia (Figs 4 B–C; 8H), embolus tip with very long rooster’s crest like projections (Fig. 7 A–F)................................................... N. naylienae n. sp.
- Tegulum apical section weakly swollen on median portion, narrower than palpal tibia width (Fig. 1 B–C), embolus tip beveled with short projections (Fig. 3 G–I)................................................................ N. guarani
3. Mid of palpal tibia strongly swollen, 1.8 times wider than proximal and distal portions (Fig. 8 B–C); copulatory bulb slender, weakly swollen on tegulum apical section, only a half palpal tibia width (Fig. 8 B–C).................. N. lachonta n. sp.
- Mid of palpal tibia weakly swollen, only 1.2 times wider than proximal and distal portions (Fig. 9 B–C), copulatory bulb thick, slightly swollen at tegulum apical section and narrow at basal section (Figs 8I; 9 B–C).................... N. buruti n. sp.
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on page 474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nyetnops Platnick & Lise 2007
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nyetnops

description: Genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise, 2007
Type species: Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise, 2007.
Other species included. Nyetnops naylienae n. sp., N. lachonta n. sp. and N. buruti n. sp.
Diagnosis. Members of Nyetnops can be distinguished from non-nopine genera by having tarsi subsegmented (Figs 2A; 5G, I, K); and from other two-eyed nopine genera by lacking all three membranous modifications on anterior legs: crista, gladius and arolium (Figs 2 A–B; 5H; 6A–B). In addition, males of Nyetnops can be distinguished from other nopine genera by having an extraordinary elongated copulatory bulb with limits between tegulum and embolus being discerned only by differences in the cuticle (Figs 3 A–B, G–H; 6D–G).
Description. See Platnick and Lise (2007): 4–9. Complementary description: Female (IBSP 154310). External female genital area with anterior and posterior plates sclerotized (Figs 1H; 4H), sclerotization around spiracles (ess) not reaching the anterior side of anterior spiracles (Fig. 10 A–B). Internal genitalia consisting of transverse, anteriorly directed, slightly sclerotized receptaculum (re) with concave proximal margin, and a membranous uterus externus that extends anteriorly over the receptaculum (Figs 1I; 4I; 10 A–B).
Distribution. Peru, Bolivia and Brazil (Fig. 10C).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nyetnops buruti Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2020, new species
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nyetnops
Nyetnops buruti

description: Nyetnops buruti new species
Figures 8I; 9 A–F
Type. Male holotype (IBSP 99039) from Piraputanga, Dois Irmãos do Buriti (20°29’15”S 55°31’55”W), Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 31.vi–6.vii.1999, A.D. Brescovit et al.
Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, Sub-regiões Miranda e Abobral, Passo do Lontra (19°34’27”S 57°02’16”W), vi.1998 – xi.1999, J. Raizer et al., 1♀ imm (IBSP 121588).
Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Diagnosis. Males of N. buruti n. sp. resembles those of N. lachonta n. sp. by the length of copulatory bulb (tegulum + embolus) being more than two times the palpal tibia length (Figs 8 B–C; 9B–C), differing by having a thicker large bulb with a narrower tegulum basal section (Fig. 8I).
Description. Male (holotype): Total length 5.9. Carapace 2.2 long, 1.8 wide. Sternum 1.8 long, 1.6 wide. Leg measurements: I: 2.85; II: 2.85; III: 2.35; IV: 3.1. Carapace light orange with pattern (Fig. 9E). Chelicerae, palps and legs orange; coxae and trochanters lighter. Endites, labium and sternum light orange. Abdomen light gray, without a remarkable pattern (Fig. 9A). Anal tubercle and spinnerets lighter than abdomen. Anterior legs without arolium, crista or gladius. Palp with thick large copulatory bulb, slightly swollen at tegulum apical section and narrow at basal section (Figs 8I; 9 B–C), tegulum surface mostly smooth, embolus with surface mostly covered with fine and longitudinal grooves, embolus tip beveled and slightly sinuous, without noticeable projections.
Female: unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Fig. 10C).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on page 474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nyetnops guarani : Platnick & Lise 2007
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nyetnops
Nyetnops guarani

description: Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise, 2007
Figures 1–3, 8G, 10A
Nyetnops guarani: Platnick & Lise, 2007: 8, figs 1–30.
Types. Male holotype and female paratype from Fóz do Córrego Três Barras, Rio Guarani, Três Barras do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil, 24.ii–24.iii.1993, A.B. Bonaldo, deposited in MCN 56799 and MCN 56800, respectively, examined.
Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Parque Municipal das Nascentes do Ribeirão Garcia (27°06’S 49°10’W), 18.v.2004 – 28.ii.2005, R.C. Francisco, 1♂ (IBSP 122709); Chapecó, Rio Monte Alegre (27°10’52,07”S 53°46’42,03”W), ii.2008, R.C. Francisco, 1♂ (IBSP 126553; palps, carapace and legs for SEM); ii.2008, R.C. Francisco, 2♂ (IBSP 126555, IBSP 126554); São Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (22°36’34”S 52°10’36”W), 24–31.iii.2003, Equipe BIOTA, 1♂ (IBSP 151469); 24–31.iii.2003, Equipe BIOTA, 1♀ (IBSP 154310); 24–31.iii.2003, Equipe BIOTA, 1♂ (IBSP 154313); 24–31.iii.2003, Equipe BIOTA, 1♂ (IBSP 154314).
Remarks. Specimens examined from the Brazilian State of São Paulo correspond to a new locality record for this species, previously known from the Southern Brazilian States of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
Diagnosis. Males of N. guarani resembles those of N. naylienae n. sp. by having a short copulatory bulb (tegulum + embolus), the length just two times or less the palpal tibia length (Figs 1 B–C; 4B–C), but differ by the weakly swollen tegulum apical section (tas), two times wider than basal section but narrower than palpal tibia width (Figs 1 B–C, 8G) and by the beveled embolus tip with very short projections (Fig. 3 G–I). Females are readily recognized by the triangular distal margin of receptaculum (dmr) (Figs 1I; 10A). Additionally, both males and females have a darker carapace pattern if compared with all other known Nyetnops species (Fig. 1A, E, G).
Description. Male and female described by Platnick and Lise (2007): 9. Complementary description of female (IBSP 154310): External genital area with anterior and posterior plates slightly sclerotized (Fig. 1H). Internal area with a triangular distal margin of receptaculum (Figs 1I; 10A).
Distribution. South and Southeast Brazil (Fig. 10C).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nopsma enriquei Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2020, new species
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nopsma
Nopsma enriquei

description: Nopsma enriquei new species
Figures 11–14
Types. Male holotype (IBSP 89347) from Rio Yuyapichis, Panguana Biological Station (09’37’S 74°56’W), Huanuco, Peru, 25.x–26.xi.1983, M. Verhaagh. Three males paratypes IBSP (89352, 89349 and 89348), same data as holotype
Additional material examined. PERU: Same data as holotype, 1♂ (IBSP 249864 for SEM).
Etymology. The specific name is a patronymic honoring Enrique Sanchez Rodriguez, the first author’s father.
Diagnosis. Males of N. enriquei n. sp. resembles those of N. armandoi n. sp. by the large tegulum reaching or exceeding the palpal tibia length but are readily recognized by having an elongated palpal tibia, two times the patella length (Fig. 11 B–C), and by the embolus projecting from the prolateral distal surface of the tegulum (Fig. 14A), with the keel bordering the tip and very short projections (Fig. 14 D–F).
Description. Male (holotype): Total length 7.2. Carapace 4.0 long, 3.3 wide. Sternum 3.4 long, 3.0 wide. Leg measurements: I: 3.85; II: 3.8; III: 3.4; IV: 4.1. Carapace orange-brown with weakly dorsal pattern (Fig. 11E). Chelicerae, palps, sternum orangish brown, endites, labium pale brown (Fig. 11F), and legs orange-brown (Fig. 11D); coxae and trochanters lighter. Abdomen pale gray, dorsal pattern unnoticeable (Fig. 11A). Anal tubercle and spinnerets lighter than abdomen. Palp with a globose oval tegulum (Fig. 11 B–C) and an embolus with the keel bordering the tip and very short projections (Fig. 14 D–F).
Female: unknown.
Distribution. Known only from type locality in Peru (Fig. 18G).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 475-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nopsma armandoi Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2020, new species
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nopsma
Nopsma armandoi

description: Nopsma armandoi new species
Figure 17
Type. Male holotype (MCZ 125597) from Parque Nacional Cerro Saslaya (13°46’12.2”N 84°58’50.6”W), Zelaya, Nicaragua, 310 m asl, 07.v.2011, W.A. Llama.
Etymology. The specific name is a patronymic honoring Armando Ruiz Balcells, the first author’s grandfather.
Diagnosis. Males of N. armandoi n. sp. resembles those of N. enriquei n. sp. by the large tegulum reaching or exceeding the palpal tibia length but are readily recognized by having an short palpal tibia, just a little greater than patella length (Fig. 17 B–C), and by the embolus projecting from the prolateral median surface of the tegulum, with three very thin, long projections on the tip (Fig. 17 B–C, F).
Description. Male (holotype): Total length 7.6. Carapace 4.4 long, 3.5 wide. Sternum 3.6 long, 3.3 wide. Leg measurements: I: 3.95; II: 3.85; III: 3.5; IV: 4.25. Carapace orange-brown with weakly defined dorsal pattern (Fig. 17A). Chelicerae, palps, sternum orangish brown, endites, labium pale brown (Fig. 17E), and legs orange-brown (Fig. 17D); coxae and trochanters lighter. Abdomen pale gray with dorsal pattern (Fig. 17A). Anal tubercle and spinnerets lighter than abdomen. Copulatory bulb with a globose, large, oval tegulum and a long embolus projecting from the prolateral median surface of the tegulum, with three very thin, long projections on the tip (Fig. 17 B–C, F).
Female: unknown
Distribution. Known only from type locality in Nicaragua (Fig. 18G).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 482-483, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nopsma florencia Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2020, new species
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nopsma
Nopsma florencia

description: Nopsma florencia new species
Figure 18
Types. Male holotype (ICN-Ar 10354) from CIMAZ Macagual, (1°30’5.364’’N; 75°39’46.26’’W), Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, 29.iii–04.iv.2017, E. Flórez et al. Male paratype (ICN-Ar 10658), same data as holotype.
Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Diagnosis. Males of N. florencia n. sp. resemble those of N. juchuy n. comb. by the small tegulum not reaching the palpal tibia length, but are readily recognized by relatively conspicuous smaller tegulum, only one-fifth the cymbium length (Figs 18 B–C).
Description. Male (holotype): Total length 6.38. Carapace 2.91 long, 1.93 wide. Sternum 2.45 long, 2.01 wide. Leg measurements: I: 4.70; II: 3.95; III: 3.82; IV: 4.75. Carapace orange with remarkable dorsal pattern (Fig. 18F). Chelicerae, palps, sternum and labium orange, endites orange, pales in distal edge (Fig. 18E), and legs orange; coxae and trochanters light orange. Abdomen gray, with not defined dorsal pattern (Fig. 18A). Anal tubercle and spinnerets lighter than abdomen. Palp with a conspicuous small oval tegulum and a very long, procurved embolus (Fig. 18 B–C) with short projection on the tip.
Female: unknown.
Variation. Males (n=2): total length: 6.38–6.44; carapace length: 2.91–2.96.
Remark. The specimens were collected with pitfall traps in a conserved wet forest ecosystem.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Colombia (Fig. 18G).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on page 483, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Nopsma juchuy Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2020, new combination
Creators: name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
name: Bonaldo, Alexandre B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Caponiidae
Nopsma
Nopsma juchuy

description: Nopsma juchuy (Dupérré, 2014) new combination
Figures 15–16
Nyetnops juchuy Dupérré, 2014: 469, figs 10–13, 16, 21, 22.
Type. Male holotype from Centro Científico Río Palenque (79°22’W 0°35’S), Los Ríos, Ecuador, 30.viii.1977, S. Sandoval, deposited at QCAZ, not examined.
Additional material examined. ECUADOR: Río Palenque (79°22’W 0°35’S), Los Ríos, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré, 1♂, 1♀ (QCAZ).
Diagnosis. Males of Nopsma juchuy n. comb. resemble those of Nopsma florencia n. sp. by the small tegulum, not reaching the palpal tibia length but are readily recognized because the tegulum width is one-third of the cymbium length (Fig. 15B, D) whereas in N. florencia n. sp. is only one-fifth; the embolus keel bordering two-third of the tip is also diagnostic (Fig. 16 B–D). Females with straight distal and proximal margins of receptaculum (Fig 16 G–J).
Description. Male (from Rio Palenque, not type): Total length 7.0. Carapace 3.95 long, 3.1 wide. Sternum 3.2 long, 2.8 wide. Leg measurements: I: 3.80; II: 3.75; III: 3.30; IV: 4.05. Carapace orange-brown with remarkable dorsal pattern (Fig. 15F). Chelicerae, palps, sternum orange-brown, endites, labium pale brown (Fig. 15G), and legs orange; coxae and trochanters lighter (Fig. 15E). Abdomen gray with undefined dorsal pattern (Fig. 15A). Anal tubercle and spinnerets lighter than abdomen. Palp with a globose small oval tegulum (Fig. 15B) and a embolus with a keel bordering almost two-third of the tip (Fig. 16 B–E).
Female (from Rio Palenque, not type): Total length 7.5. Carapace 4.1 long, 3.3 wide. Sternum 3.8 long, 3.1 wide. Leg measurements: I: 3.85; II: 3.75; III: 3.35; IV: 4.15. Carapace, chelicerae, labium, legs, coxae, endites and sternum as in male (Fig. 15H). Abdomen as in male, but somewhat lighter (Fig. 15H). Anal tubercle and spinnerets lighter than abdomen. External genital area with sclerotization around spiracles (ess) strongly noticeable, reaching the anterior side of anterior spiracles (Fig. 15I). Internal genitalia with a straight distal margin of receptaculum (Figs 15J; 16 G–J).
Distribution. Known only from Ecuador (Fig. 18G).
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, pp. 461-486 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 479-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3714675
Asobara anastrephae
Creators: name: Marinho, Cláudia F.
name: Costa, Valmir A.
name: Zucchi, Roberto A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Asobara
Asobara anastrephae

description: Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958)
(Figure 1A)
Diagnosis. Mandibles exondont with three well-developed teeth, notauli incomplete, propodeum with short median carina anteriorly and areola posteriorly, wings hyaline, stigma brown, fore wing (RS+M)b present, 2 nd submarginal cell long 4-sided, 1 st subdiscal cell very weakly defined posteriorly and distally, hind wing with Cu-a and m-cu absent.
Comments. Asobara anastrephae is associated with 10 species of Anastrepha and C. capitata (see Zucchi & Moraes 2008, 2012) in Brazil, but it is not collected frequently.
description: Published as part of Marinho, Cláudia F., Costa, Valmir A. & Zucchi, Roberto A., 2018, Annotated checklist and illustrated key to braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of economically important fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil, pp. 21-36 in Zootaxa 4527 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2611944
Microcrasis lonchaeae
Creators: name: Marinho, Cláudia F.
name: Costa, Valmir A.
name: Zucchi, Roberto A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Microcrasis
Microcrasis lonchaeae

description: Microcrasis lonchaeae (Lima, 1937)
(Figure 1B)
Diagnosis. Mandibles exodont with four teeth (three well-developed, one weakly developed along lower border of mandible); propodeum with long median carina anteriorly followed by areola posteriorly, where anteriorly from the areola, run two transverse keels; notauli smooth and restricted to anterior portion of mesoscutum; wings hyaline, fore wing with m-cu reaching 2 nd submarginal cell, 2 nd submarginal cell long 5-sided (2RS longer than 3RSa), r-m strongly sinuous, 1 st subdiscal cell completely closed, hind wing with cu-a, 1A, r-m strongly pigmented and veins 2M, 1RSa, m-cu faintly pigmented but present.
Comments. Microcrasis lonchaeae is rarely found in surveys of fruit flies on fruit in Brazil. It was originally described as Opius lonchaeae, and later renamed Alysia lonchaeae by Lima (1938). Wharton (1980) transferred this species to the genus Microcrasis, based on the morphology of the fore wing. In Brazil, Lima (1937, 1938) associated M. lonchaeae with Neosilba pendula (Bezzi), as Silba pendula and Lonchaea pendulans [sic] in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Fernandes 2009). In São Paulo, Fernandes (2009) obtained M. lonchaeae in the same sample where species of Anastrepha and C. capitata emerged, although it is not clear which host, or if both hosts were parasitized. This parasitoid is also found in Santa Catarina (Canal & Zucchi 2000).
description: Published as part of Marinho, Cláudia F., Costa, Valmir A. & Zucchi, Roberto A., 2018, Annotated checklist and illustrated key to braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of economically important fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil, pp. 21-36 in Zootaxa 4527 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2611944
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
Creators: name: Marinho, Cláudia F.
name: Costa, Valmir A.
name: Zucchi, Roberto A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Diachasmimorpha
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata

description: Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905)
(Figure 1C)
Diagnosis. Occipital carina well-developed laterally, notauli deeply impressed and smooth, propodeum varying from extensively rugose to smooth with only trace of weak carinae, second metasomal tergum striate medially, fore wing m-cu arising from a shortened 2 nd submarginal cell 5-sided, hind wing m-cu present.
Comments. This parasitoid can be separated from other species discussed here by the fore wing m-cu arising from a shortened 2 nd submarginal cell 5-sided. It is originally from the Indo-Australian Region. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata has been used in several biological control programs in Latin America (Ovruski et al. 2000), because it adapts readily to several pest fruit flies. In Brazil, it was introduced in 1994 by “Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura” (Carvalho et al. 1995) and is present in 10 states. Some studies on D. longicaudata, such as the olfactory response (Silva et al. 2007), field dispersal, rates of parasitism and field survival when reared in two hosts (Camargos et al., 2016, 2018), and learning behavior of the female related to two essential oils (Zadra et al. 2018) have been conducted in Brazil. D. longicaudata has recently been certified as a biological insecticide in Brazil, as it was published in the Federal Register, on September 3, 2018, edition 170, section 1, p. 127, based on Joint Normative Instruction nr. 2 on August 8, 2018.
description: Published as part of Marinho, Cláudia F., Costa, Valmir A. & Zucchi, Roberto A., 2018, Annotated checklist and illustrated key to braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of economically important fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil, pp. 21-36 in Zootaxa 4527 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2611944