cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chiral Floquet Engineering on Topological Fermions in Chiral Crystals
Creators: name: Fan, Benshu
name: Duan, Wenhui
name: Rubio, Angel
name: Tang, Peizhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of chiralities in light and quantum matter provides an opportunity to design and manipulate chirality-dependent properties in quantum materials. Herein we report the chirality-dependent Floquet engineering on topological fermions with the high Chern number in chiral crystal CoSi via circularly polarized light (CPL) pumping. Intense light pumping does not compromise the gapless nature of topological fermions in CoSi, but displaces the crossing points in momentum space along the direction of light propagation. The Floquet chirality index is proposed to signify the interplay between the chiralities of topological fermion, crystal, and incident light, which determines the amplitudes and directions of light-induced momentum shifts. Regarding the time-reversal symmetry breaking induced by the CPL pumping, momentum shifts of topological fermions result in the birth of transient anomalous Hall signals in non-magnetic CoSi within an ultrafast time scale, which Mid-infrared (IR) pumping and terahertz (THz) Kerr or Faraday probe spectroscopy could experimentally detect. Our findings provide insights into exploring novel applications in optoelectronic devices by leveraging the degree of freedom of chirality in the non-equilibrium regime.
Phase Diagram and Quantum Order by Disorder in the Kitaev $K_1$-$K_2$ Honeycomb Magnet
Creators: name: Rousochatzakis, Ioannis
name: Reuther, Johannes
name: Thomale, Ronny
name: Rachel, Stephan
name: Perkins, N. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the topological Kitaev spin liquid on the honeycomb lattice is extremely fragile against the second-neighbor Kitaev coupling $K_2$, which has recently been shown to be the dominant perturbation away from the nearest-neighbor model in iridate Na$_2$IrO$_3$, and may also play a role in $α$-RuCl$_3$ and Li$_2$IrO$_3$. This coupling naturally explains the zigzag ordering (without introducing unrealistically large longer-range Heisenberg exchange terms) and the special entanglement between real and spin space observed recently in Na$_2$IrO$_3$. Moreover, the minimal $K_1$-$K_2$ model that we present here holds the unique property that the classical and quantum phase diagrams and their respective order-by-disorder mechanisms are qualitatively different due to the fundamentally different symmetries of the classical and quantum counterparts.
description: Published version (9+13 pages)
Does partner selection mediate the relationship between school attendance and HIV/Herpes simplex virus-2 among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: An analysis of HIV prevention trials network 068 data
Creators: name: Twine, R.
name: Laeyendecker, O.
name: Halpern, C.T.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Julien, A.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Selin, A.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
name: Wang, J.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Rucinski, K.B.
name: Agyei, Y.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Wagner, R.G.
name: Gómez-Olivé, F.X.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Edwards, J.K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Objective: School attendance prevents HIV and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) in adolescent girls and young women, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship remain unclear. Our study assesses the extent to which characteristics of sex partners, partner age, and number mediate the relationship between attendance and risk of infection in adolescent girls and young women in South Africa. Design: We use longitudinal data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 randomized controlled trial in rural South Africa, where girls were enrolled in early adolescence and followed in the main trial for more than 3 years. We examined older partners and the number of partners as possible mediators. Methods: We used the parametric g-formula to estimate 4-year risk differences for the effect of school attendance on the cumulative incidence of HIV/HSV-2 overall and the controlled direct effect (CDE) for mediation. We examined mediation separately and jointly for the mediators of interest. Results: We found that young women with high attendance in school had a lower cumulative incidence of HIV compared with those with low attendance (risk difference =-1.6%). Partner age difference (CDE =-1.2%) and the number of partners (CDE =-0.4%) mediated a large portion of this effect. In fact, when we accounted for the mediators jointly, the effect of schooling on HIV was almost removed, showing full mediation (CDE =-0.3%). The same patterns were observed for the relationship between school attendance and cumulative incidence of HSV-2 infection. Conclusion: Increasing school attendance reduces the risk of acquiring HIV and HSV-2. Our results indicate the importance of school attendance in reducing partner number and partner age difference in this relationship.
Energy Transfer from Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Implications for Magnetic Hyperthermia
Creators: name: tabacchi, gloria
name: Fois, Ettore
name: Armenia, Ilaria
name: Bernardini, Giovanni
name: Masciocchi, Norberto
name: Guagliardi, Antonietta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340704
subject: Theoretical quantum chemistry
classificationCode: 340701
subject: Computational chemistry
classificationCode: 340799
subject: Theoretical and computational chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 340407
subject: Proteins and peptides
classificationCode: 340499
subject: Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 340609
subject: Transport properties and non-equilibrium processes
classificationCode: 340303
subject: Nanochemistry
classificationCode: 340301
subject: Inorganic materials (incl. nanomaterials)
classificationCode: 340305
subject: Physical properties of materials
classificationCode: 310106
subject: Enzymes

description: ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2023, 6, 12914–12921https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c01643Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained momentum in the field of biomedical applications. They can be remotely heated via alternating magnetic fields, and such heat can be transferred from the IONPs to the local environment. However, the microscopic mechanism of heat transfer is still debated. By X-ray total scattering experiments and first-principles simulations, we show how such heat transfer can occur. After establishing structural and microstructural properties of the maghemite phase of the IONPs, we built a maghemite model functionalized with aminoalkoxysilane, a molecule used to anchor (bio)molecules to oxide surfaces. By a linear response theory approach, we reveal that a resonance mechanism is responsible for the heat transfer from the IONPs to the surroundings. Heat transfer occurs not only via covalent linkages with the IONP but also through the solvent hydrogen-bond network. This result may pave the way to exploit the directional control of the heat flow from the IONPs to the anchored molecules─i.e., antibiotics, therapeutics, and enzymes─for their activation or release in a broader range of medical and industrial applications.
Therapeutic effect of Baccharis anomala DC. extracts on activated hepatic stellate cells
Creators: name: Souza Basso, Bruno De
name: Mesquita, Fernanda Cristina De
name: Bregolin Dias, Henrique
name: Krause, Gabriele Catyana
name: Scherer, Matheus
name: Romanato Santarém, Eliane
name: Rodrigues De Oliveira, Jarbas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Hepatic fibrosis
subject: HSCs
subject: Baccharis
subject: PPAR-γ
subject: Phenolic compounds
subject: 610

description: The therapeutic potential of Baccharis anomala DC. extracts was evaluated through its cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect and their phenotypic reversion property in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Baccharis anomala is distributed in Brazil (southeastern and south regions) and used for diuretic effect in folk medicine. Four fractions were obtained from the fractionation of the methanolic extract. Fractions III and IV decreased cell proliferation without increasing cell necrosis markers levels and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Fraction III induced phenotypic reversion through PPAR-γ activation pathway, while fraction IV did not alter PPAR-α/γ expression levels, suggesting that there is an independent PPAR-α/γ pathway involved. Hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and coumaric acids were identified. Fractions III and IV showed antiproliferative effect and ability to induce reversion of activated phenotype of HSCs.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
Development of a detector for inertial sensing of positronium at AEḡIS (CERN)
Creators: name: Glöggler, Lisa T.
name: Caravita, R.
name: Bergmann, B.
name: Bonomi, G.
name: Brusa, R. S.
name: Burian, P.
name: Camper, A.
name: Castelli, F.
name: Cheinet, P.
name: Comparat, D.
name: Consolati, G.
name: Doser, M.
name: Gjersdal, H.
name: Graczykowski, Ł.
name: Guatieri, F.
name: Haider, S.
name: Huck, S.
name: Janik, M.
name: Kasprowicz, G.
name: Khatri, G.
name: Kornakov, G.
name: Malbrunot, C.
name: Mariazzi, S.
name: Nebbia, G.
name: Nowak, L.
name: Nowicka, D.
name: Oswald, E.
name: Pagano, D.
name: Penasa, L.
name: Pospisil, S.
name: Povolo, L.
name: Prelz, F.
name: Rienäcker, B.
name: Røhne, O. M.
name: Sandaker, H.
name: Stekl, I.
name: Tefelski, D.
name: Tietje, I. C.
name: Volponi, M.
name: Wolz, T.
name: Zimmer, C.
name: Zurlo, N.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: CERN
subject: AEḡIS
subject: detector
subject: positronium
subject: gravitational acceleration

description: The primary goal of the AEgIS collaboration at CERN is to measure the gravitational acceleration on neutral antimatter. Positronium (Ps), the bound state of an electron and a positron, is a suitable candidate for a force-sensitive inertial measurement by means of deflectometry/interferometry. In order to conduct such an experiment, the impact position and time of arrival of Ps atoms at the detector must be detected simultaneously. The detection of a low-velocity Ps beam with a spatial resolution of (88 ± 5) μm was previously demonstrated [1]. Based on the methodology employed in [1] and [2], a hybrid imaging/timing detector with increased spatial resolution of about 10 μm was developed. The performance of a prototype was tested with a positron beam. The concept of the detector and first results are presented.
Relationship of food insecurity to women's dietary outcomes: a systematic review
Creators: name: Sharkey, J.R.
name: Johnson, C.M.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Fang, W.
name: Flax, V.L.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Bowen, S.K.
name: Lackey, M.J.
name: Ammerman, A.S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Context: Food insecurity matters for women's nutrition and health. Objective: This review sought to comprehensively evaluate how food insecurity relates to a full range of dietary outcomes (food groups, total energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and overall dietary quality) among adult women living in Canada and the United States. Data sources: Peer-reviewed databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science) and gray literature sources from 1995 to 2016 were searched. Data extraction: Observational studies were used to calculate a percentage difference in dietary intake for food-insecure and food-secure groups. Results: Of the 24 included studies, the majority found food-insecure women had lower food group frequencies (dairy, total fruits and vegetables, total grains, and meats/meat alternatives) and intakes of macro- and micronutrients relative to food-secure women. Methodological quality varied. Among high-quality studies, food insecurity was negatively associated with dairy, fruits and vegetables, grains, meats/meats alternatives, protein, total fat, calcium, iron, magnesium, vitamins A and C, and folate. Conclusions: Results hold practical relevance for selecting nutritional targets in programs, particularly for nutrient-rich foods with iron and folate, which are more important for women's health.
title: Evidence-based practice in radiology: the radiographer perspective
Creators: name: Azevedo, Kevin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Management
subject: Radiographers
subject: CT
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Education and training
subject: Outcomes

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Main Goal: Analyse the application of the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Radiology by the radiographers’ in their daily practice in CT departments. Specific Objectives: Evaluate if the concepts of EBP are applied during the radiographers...
Hom-Big Brackets: Theory and Applications
Creators: name: Cai, Liqiang
name: Sheng, Yunhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce the notion of hom-big brackets, which is a generalization of Kosmann-Schwarzbach's big brackets. We show that it gives rise to a graded hom-Lie algebra. Thus, it is a useful tool to study hom-structures. In particular, we use it to describe hom-Lie bialgebras and hom-Nijenhuis operators.
Toward high-frequency operation of spin lasers
Creators: name: Junior, Paulo E. Faria
name: Xu, Gaofeng
name: Lee, Jeongsu
name: Gerhardt, Nils C.
name: Sipahi, Guilherme M.
name: Žutić, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Injecting spin-polarized carriers into semiconductor lasers provides important opportunities to extend what is known about spintronic devices, as well as to overcome many limitations of conventional (spin-unpolarized) lasers. By developing a microscopic model of spin-dependent optical gain derived from an accurate electronic structure in a quantum well-based laser, we study how its operation properties can be modified by spin-polarized carriers, carrier density, and resonant cavity design. We reveal that by applying a uniaxial strain, it is possible to attain a large birefringence. While such birefringence is viewed as detrimental in conventional lasers, it could enable fast polarization oscillations of the emitted light in spin lasers which can be exploited for optical communication and high-performance interconnects. The resulting oscillation frequency ($>200$ GHz) would significantly exceed the frequency range possible in conventional lasers.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Performance analysis of the Kahan-enhanced scalar product on current multicore processors
Creators: name: Hofmann, Johannes
name: Fey, Dietmar
name: Eitzinger, Jan
name: Hager, Georg
name: Wellein, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the performance characteristics of a numerically enhanced scalar product (dot) kernel loop that uses the Kahan algorithm to compensate for numerical errors, and describe efficient SIMD-vectorized implementations on recent Intel processors. Using low-level instruction analysis and the execution-cache-memory (ECM) performance model we pinpoint the relevant performance bottlenecks for single-core and thread-parallel execution, and predict performance and saturation behavior. We show that the Kahan-enhanced scalar product comes at almost no additional cost compared to the naive (non-Kahan) scalar product if appropriate low-level optimizations, notably SIMD vectorization and unrolling, are applied. We also investigate the impact of architectural changes across four generations of Intel Xeon processors.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Association Between Immigration History and Inflammatory Marker Profiles Among Older Adult Mexican Americans
Creators: name: Fernandez-Rhodes, L.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Haan, M.N.
name: Lee, A.
name: Martin, C.L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Foreign-born Hispanics have better cardiometabolic health upon arrival in the US than their US-born counterparts, yet this advantage diminishes as duration of residence in the US increases. Underlying mechanisms explaining this paradox have been understudied. Using data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA), this study examined immigration history (immigrant generation and duration of US residence) in relation to biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble forms of type 1 and 2 receptors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2), C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, adiponectin) in a sample of 1,290 predominantly Mexican-origin immigrants. Second and ≥3rd generation immigrants had higher IL-6 and leptin levels than 1st generation immigrants living in the US for less than 15 years (2nd generation percent difference = 45.9; 95% CI: 24.7, 70.7 and 3rd generation percent difference = 41.8; 95% CI: 17.7, 70.4). CRP and sTNF-R1 levels were higher among ≥3rd generation immigrants than 1st generation immigrants with less than 15 years of US residency. Worse inflammatory profiles were observed among Mexican-origin immigrants with longer US immigration histories, independent of health, and behavioral factors. Additional research is warranted to understand the factors that shape trajectories of biological risk across generations of Hispanics.
The association of parental and offspring educational attainment with systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and waist circumference in Latino adults
Creators: name: López, L.
name: Whitley, J.C.
name: Lee, A.
name: Ward, J.
name: Zeki Al Hazzouri, A.
name: Moyce, S.
name: Neuhaus, J.
name: Peralta, C.A.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Haan, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the association of intergenerational educational attainment with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among US Latinos. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study, an offspring cohort of middle-aged Mexican-Americans whose parents participated in the Sacramento Latino Study on Aging. We collected educational attainment, demographic and health behaviours and measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting glucose and waist circumference. We evaluated the association of parental, offspring and a combined parent–offspring education variable with each CVD risk factor using multivariable regression. Results: Higher parental education was associated only with smaller offspring waist circumference. In contrast, higher offspring education was associated with lower SBP, fasting glucose and smaller waist circumference. Adjustment for parental health behaviours modestly attenuated these offspring associations, whereas adjustment for offspring health behaviours and income attenuated the associations of offspring education with offspring SBP and fasting glucose but not smaller waist circumference, even among offspring with low parental education. Conclusions: Higher offspring education is associated with lower levels of CVD risk factors in adulthood, despite intergenerational exposure to low parental education.
title: Radiographers knowledge about infection control measures during radiological examinations
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Joao
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radiographers
subject: Professional issues
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Parasites
subject: Education and training

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Assess Radiographers knowledge about infection prevention and control measurements and evaluate it applicability during clinical...
Hunting, food subsidies, and mesopredator release: the dynamics of crop-raiding baboons in a managed landscape
Creators: name: Taylor, Rachel A.
name: Ryan, Sadie J.
name: Brashares, Justin S.
name: Johnson, Leah R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The establishment of protected areas or parks has become an important tool for wildlife conservation. However, frequent occurrences of human-wildlife conflict at the edges of these parks can undermine their conservation goals. Many African protected areas have experienced concurrent declines of apex predators alongside increases in both baboon abundance and the density of humans living near the park boundary. Baboons then take excursions outside of the park to raid crops for food, conflicting with the human population. We model the interactions of mesopredators (baboons), apex predators and shared prey in the park to analyze how four components affect the proportion of time that mesopredators choose to crop-raid: 1) the presence of apex predators; 2) nutritional quality of the crops; 3) mesopredator "shyness" about leaving the park; and 4) human hunting of mesopredators. We predict that the presence of apex predators in the park is the most effective method for controlling mesopredator abundance, and hence significantly reduces their impact on crops. Human hunting of mesopredators is less effective as it only occurs during crop-raiding excursions. Furthermore, making crops less attractive, for instance by planting crops further from the park boundary or farming less nutritional crops, can reduce the amount of time mesopredators crop-raid.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendices
(103402) Kathleen Major Hunwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Assessment of image quality criteria from digital radiography
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Luís
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Management
subject: Radiographers
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Image verification
subject: Education and training

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: To assess the image quality criteria from examinations in digital radiography based on quality control charts and to demonstrate the importance of implementing an image quality control...
title: Splenic switch-off: a reliablesign of understress by Adenosin?
Creators: name: Sträter, Alexandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Spleen
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Arterial access
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Image verification
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: While the myocardium shows a faster and greater enhancement under adenosin-stress it was recently described in literature that the spleen enhancement under adenosin stress decreases in comparison to rest conditions. The phenomenon was called splenic...
The Stability of Anisotropic Compact Stars Influenced by Dark Matter under Teleparallel Gravity: An Extended Gravitational Deformation Approach
Creators: name: Pradhan, Sneha
name: Bhar, Piyali
name: Mandal, Sanjay
name: Sahoo, P. K.
name: Bamba, Kazuharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our investigation, we pioneer the development of geometrically deformed strange stars within the framework of teleparallel gravity theory through gravitational decoupling via the complete geometric deformation (CGD) technique. The significant finding is the precise solution for deformed strange star (SS) models achieved through the vanishing complexity factor scenario. Further, we introduce the concept of space-time deformation caused by dark matter (DM) content in DM haloes, leading to perturbations in the metric potentials $g_{tt}$ and $g_{rr}$ components. Mathematically, this DM-induced deformation is achieved through the CGD method, where the decoupling parameter $α$ governs the extent of DM influence. To validate our findings, we compare our model predictions with observational constraints, including GW190814 (with a mass range of $2.5-2.67 M_{\odot}$) and neutron stars (NSTRs) such as EXO 1785-248 [mass=$1.3_{-0.2}^{+0.2}~M_{\odot}$], 4U 1608-52 [mass=$1.74_{-0.14}^{+0.14}~M_{\odot}$], and PSR J0952-0607 [mass=$2.35_{-0.17}^{+0.17}~M_{\odot}$].
 Our investigation delves into the stability of the model by considering causality conditions, Herrera's Cracking Method, the adiabatic index, and the Harrison-Zeldovich-Novikov criterion. We demonstrate that the developed model mimics a wide range of recently observed pulsars. To emphasize its compatibility, we highlight the predicted mass and radius in tabular form by varying both the parameters $α$ and $ζ_1$. Notably, our findings are consistent with the observation of gravitational waves from the first binary merger event. Furthermore, we compare our results with those obtained for a slow-rotating configuration. In addition to this, we discuss the moment of inertia using the Bejger-Haensel approach in this formulation.
description: EPJC published version
The great recession and immune function
Creators: name: Leal, M.
name: Galea, S.
name: Ferrando-Martínez, S.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Feinstein, L.
name: McClure, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The Great Recession precipitated unprecedented home foreclosures increases, but documentation of related neighborhood changes and population health is scant. Using the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (N = 277), we examined associations between neighborhood-level recession indicators and thymic function, a life course immunological health indicator. In covariate-adjusted multilevel models, each 10 percentage point increase in abandoned home prevalence and 1 percentage point increase in 2009 home foreclosures was associated with 1.7-year and 3.3-year increases in thymic aging, respectively. Associations attenuated after adjustment for neighborhood-level social cohesion, suggesting community ties may buffer recession-related immune aging. Effects of neighborhood stressors were strongest in middle-income households, supporting theory of excess vulnerability in this group. Future research should assess whether ongoing foreclosure and blight reduction efforts improve health for residents of recession impacted neighborhoods.
title: Determination of iterative reconstruction dose reduction potentials in CTA with a novel image quality assessment method based on forced-choice comparisons
Creators: name: Ellmann, Stephan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Head and neck
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Radiation safety

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Iterative reconstructions (IR) permit CT dose-reduction potential. Diagnostic quality of dose-reduced images is mostly assessed using Likert-scales, but their ordinal character features inherent drawbacks and prohibits calculations of e.g. standard...
The effect of school attendance and school dropout on incident HIV and HSV-2 among young women in rural South Africa enrolled in HPTN 068
Creators: name: Pettifor, A.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Wagner, R.G.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
name: Twine, R.
name: Agyei, Y.
name: Macphail, C.
name: Selin, A.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Wang, J.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Julien, A.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Gomez-Olive, F.X.
name: Halpern, C.T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Objective: To estimate the association between school attendance, school dropout, and risk of incident HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection among young women. Design: We used longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa, to assess the association between school days attended, school dropout, and incident HIV and HSV-2 in young women aged 13-23 years. Methods: We examined inverse probability of exposure weighted survival curves and used them to calculate 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5-year risk differences and risk ratios for the effect of school attendance on incident HIV and HSV-2. A marginal structural Cox model was used to estimate hazard ratios for the effect of school attendance and school dropout on incident infection. Results: Risk of infection increased over time as young women aged, and was higher in young women with low school attendance (<80% school days) compared with high (≥80% school days). Young women with low attendance were more likely to acquire HIV [hazard ratio (HR): 2.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62, 5.45] and HSV-2 (HR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.46, 4.17) over the follow-up period than young women with high attendance. Similarly, young women who dropped out of school had a higher weighted hazard of both HIV (HR 3.25 95% CI: 1.67, 6.32) and HSV-2 (HR 2.70; 95% CI 1.59, 4.59). Conclusion: Young women who attend more school days and stay in school have a lower risk of incident HIV and HSV-2 infection. Interventions to increase frequency of school attendance and prevent dropout should be promoted to reduce risk of infection.
title: A new brick in the wall? Use of vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of intracranial vasculopathies
Creators: name: Lima, marjana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Vascular
subject: MR
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging (VW-MRI) is a relatively new technique, with great potential to redefine the imaging diagnostic criteria in vasculopathies. It presents as an alternative for differentiation of cerebral...
Collinearly-improved BK evolution meets the HERA data
Creators: name: Iancu, E.
name: Madrigal, J. D.
name: Mueller, A. H.
name: Soyez, G.
name: Triantafyllopoulos, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous publication, we have established a collinearly-improved version of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation, which resums to all orders the radiative corrections enhanced by large double transverse logarithms. Here, we study the relevance of this equation as a tool for phenomenology, by confronting it to the HERA data. To that aim, we first improve the perturbative accuracy of our resummation, by including two classes of single-logarithmic corrections: those generated by the first non-singular terms in the DGLAP splitting functions and those expressing the one-loop running of the QCD coupling. The equation thus obtained includes all the next-to-leading order corrections to the BK equation which are enhanced by (single or double) collinear logarithms. We then use numerical solutions to this equation to fit the HERA data for the electron-proton reduced cross-section at small Bjorken x. We obtain good quality fits for physically acceptable initial conditions. Our best fit, which shows a good stability up to virtualities as large as Q^2=400 GeV^2 for the exchanged photon, uses as an initial condition the running-coupling version of the McLerran-Venugopalan model, with the QCD coupling running according to the smallest dipole prescription.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures; minor corrections to fit results and few comments added
(103397) Kenric Cousens Horwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
SDSS/SEGUE Spectral Feature Analysis For Stellar Atmospheric Parameter Estimation
Creators: name: Li, Xiangru
name: Wu, Q. M. Jonathan
name: Luo, Ali
name: Zhao, Yongheng
name: Lu, Yu
name: Zuo, Fang
name: Yang, Tan
name: Wang, Yongjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale and deep sky survey missions are rapidly collecting a large amount of stellar spectra, which necessitate the estimation of atmospheric parameters directly from spectra and makes it feasible to statistically investigate latent principles in a large dataset. We present a technique for estimating parameters $T_{eff}$, log$~g$ and [Fe/H] from stellar spectra. With this technique, we first extract features from stellar spectra using the LASSO algorithm; then, the parameters are estimated from the extracted features using the SVR. On a subsample of 20~000 stellar spectra from SDSS with reference parameters provided by SDSS/SEGUE Pipeline SSPP, estimation consistency are 0.007458 dex for log$~T_{eff}$ (101.609921 K for $T_{eff}$), 0.189557 dex for log$~g$ and 0.182060 for [Fe/H], where the consistency is evaluated by mean absolute error. Prominent characteristics of the proposed scheme are sparseness, locality, and physical interpretability. In this work, every spectrum consists of 3821 fluxes, and 10, 19, and 14 typical wavelength positions are detected respectively for estimating $T_{eff}$, log$~g$ and [Fe/H]. It is shown that the positions are related to typical lines of stellar spectra. This characteristic is important in investigating physical indications from analysis results. Then, stellar spectra can be described by the individual fluxes on the detected positions (PD) or local integration of fluxes near them (LI). The abovementioned consistency is the result based on features described by LI. If features are described by PD, consistency are 0.009092 dex for log$~T_{eff}$ (124.545075 K for $T_{eff}$), 0.198928 dex for log$~g$, and 0.206814 dex for [Fe/H].
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, 15 table, ApJ
(103398) Oswald Ryle Horwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The impact of pathogen burden on leukocyte telomere length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Jayabalasingham, B.
name: Simanek, A.M.
name: Needham, B.L.
name: Feinstein, L.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Dowd, J.B.
name: Meier, H.C.S.
name: Diez-Roux, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Several infections have been linked to telomere shortening and in some cases these associations have varied by sex. We assessed the association between seropositivity to four persistent pathogens (cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus-1, Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae), and total pathogen burden on leukocyte telomere length in a diverse US sample. Data came from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a population-based cohort study. We utilized cross-sectional survey data, and biological samples from participants tested for pathogens and telomere length (N = 163). Linear regression was used to examine the association between seropositivity for individual pathogens as well as total pathogen burden and telomere length, adjusting for various confounders. CMV seropositivity and increased total pathogen burden level were significantly associated with shorter telomere length among females (β = -0·1204 (standard error (s.e.) 0·06), P = 0·044) and (β = -0·1057 (s.e. = 0·05), P = 0·033), respectively. There was no statistically significant association among males. Our findings suggest that prevention or treatment of persistent pathogens, in particular CMV, may play an important role in reducing telomere shortening over the life course among women. Future research is needed to confirm these novel findings in larger longitudinal samples.
title: Validation of feasibility of MRI for measurement of depth of tumour invasion in distal bile duct cancer
Creators: name: Lee, Jeong Yoon
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: MR
subject: Staging
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: To develop and validate a method for measuring the depth of tumor invasion (DoI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the diagnostic performance of the measured DoI for stratifying T classification in patients with distal bile...
Social Determinants of Influenza Illness and Outbreaks in the United States
Creators: name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Cordoba, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Social determinants-such as education, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, access to health care services and vaccination, neighborhood-level stressors, and workplace or school policies-can impact influenza illness and outbreaks in the United States. To reduce transmission and disparities in influenza infection, policies should focus on removing existing vaccination barriers and supporting equitable social policies.
(103399) William Routing Roberts
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Tumour response criteria after first line combined therapy (Bevacizumab + Chemotherapy) in unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer: RECIST 1.1 vs Choi in short-term follow-up
Creators: name: Raimondi, Edoardo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Colon
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Metastases
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: To evaluate the predictive value of RECIST 1.1 and Choi criteria for early response to first line combined therapy in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver...
title: Differentiating between benign and malignant axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients using sono-elastography and diffusion-weighted MRI
Creators: name: Abdo, Yara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Elastography
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Lymphatic metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. Determination of nodal status is also critical for appropriate treatment planning.Lymph nodes can be detected and visualized by several imaging modalities...
(103401) James Edwards Williamson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Paramagnetism in the kagome compounds (Zn,Mg,Cd)Cu$_{3}$(OH)$_{6}$Cl$_{2}$
Creators: name: Iqbal, Yasir
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Reuther, Johannes
name: Valentí, Roser
name: Mazin, I. I.
name: Greiter, Martin
name: Thomale, Ronny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frustrated magnetism on the kagome lattice has been a fertile ground for rich and fascinating physics, ranging from experimental evidence of a spin liquid to theoretical predictions of exotic superconductivity. Among experimentally realized spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ kagome magnets, herbertsmithite, kapellasite, and haydeeite [(Zn,Mg)Cu$_{3}$(OH)$_{6}$Cl$_{2}$] are all well described by a three-parameter Heisenberg model, but they exhibit distinctly different physics. We address the problem using a pseudofermion functional renormalization-group approach and analyze the low-energy physics in the experimentally accessible parameter range. Our analysis places kapellasite and haydeeite near the boundaries between magnetically ordered and disordered phases, implying that slight modifications could dramatically affect their magnetic properties. Inspired by this, we perform \textit{ab initio} density functional theory calculations of (Zn,Mg,Cd)Cu$_{3}$ (OH)$_{6}$Cl$_{2}$ at various pressures. Our results suggest that by varying pressure and composition one can traverse a paramagnetic regime between different magnetically ordered phases.
description: Published version. Main paper (7 pages, 5 figures) and Supplemental material (7 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables). Change in title
Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in U.S. Children Ages 6-19, 2003-2010
Creators: name: Brite, J.
name: McDade, T.W.
name:  Aiello, A.
name: Dowd, J.B.
name: Palermo, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Background:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus linked to infectious mononucleosis and multiple cancers. There are no national estimates of EBV seroprevalence in the United States. Our objective was to estimate the overall prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of EBV among U.S. children and adolescents aged 6-19.Methods:We calculated prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios for EBV seroprevalence using data from the 2003-2010 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for children aged 6-19 (n = 8417). Poisson regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios across subgroup categories (sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, household income, household size, foreign-born, BMI, and household smoking).Findings:Overall EBV seroprevalence was 66.5% (95% CI 64.3%-68.7%.). Seroprevalence increased with age, ranging from 54.1% (95% CI 50.2%-57.9%) for 6-8 year olds to 82.9% (95% CI 80.0%-85.9%) for 18-19 year olds. Females had slightly higher seroprevalence (68.9%, 95% CI 66.3%-71.6%) compared to males (64.2%, 95% CI 61.7%-66.8%). Seroprevalence was substantially higher for Mexican-Americans (85.4%, 95% CI 83.1%-87.8%) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (83.1%, 95% CI 81.1%-85.1%) than Non-Hispanic Whites (56.9%, 95% CI 54.1%-59.8%). Large differences were also seen by family income, with children in the lowest income quartile having 81.0% (95% CI 77.6%-84.5%) seroprevalence compared to 53.9% (95% CI 50.5%-57.3%) in the highest income quartile, with similar results for parental education level. These results were not explained by household size, BMI, or parental smoking. Among those who were seropositive, EBV antibody titers were significantly higher for females, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican-Americans, with no association found for socioeconomic factors.Conclusions:In the first nationally representative U.S. estimates, we found substantial socioeconomic and race/ethnic differences in the seroprevalence of EBV across all ages for U.S. children and adolescents. These estimates can help researchers and clinicians identify groups most at risk, inform research on EBV-cancer etiology, and motivate potential vaccine development.