cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Second harmonic AC calorimetry technique within a diamond anvil cell
Creators: name: Dasenbrock-Gammon, Nathan
name: McBride, Raymond
name: Yoo, Gyeongjae
name: Dissanayake, Sachith
name: Dias, Ranga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tuning the energy density of matter at high pressures gives rise to exotic and often unprecedented properties, e.g., structural transitions, insulator-metal transitions, valence fluctuations, topological order, and the emergence of superconductivity. The study of specific heat has long been used to characterize these kinds of transitions, but their application to the diamond anvil cell (DAC) environment has proved challenging. Limited work has been done on the measurement of specific heat within DACs, in part due to the difficult experimental setup. To this end we have developed a novel method for the measurement of specific heat within a DAC that is independent of the DAC design and therefore readily compatible with any DACs already performing high pressure resistance measurements. As a proof-of-concept, specific heat measurements of the MgB2 superconductor were performed, showing a clear anomaly at the transition temperature (Tc), indicative of bulk superconductivity. This technique allows for specific heat measurements at higher pressure than previously possible.
description: 5 pages with 5 figures
Efficient gene silencing in metastatic tumor by siRNA formulated in surface-modified nanoparticles
Creators: name: Huang, Leaf
name: Chono, Sumio
name: Li, Shyh-Dar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We have developed a nanoparticle (NP) formulation for systemically delivering siRNA into metastatic tumors. The NP, composed of nucleic acids, a polycationic peptide and cationic liposome, was prepared in a self-assembling process. The NP was then modified by PEG-lipid containing a targeting ligand, anisamide, and thus was decorated for targeting sigma receptor expressing B16F10 tumor. The activity of the targeted NP was compared with the naked NP (no PEGylation) and non-targeted NP (no ligand). The delivery efficiency of the targeted NP was 4-fold higher than the non-targeted NP and could be competed by excess free ligand. Luciferase siRNA was used to evaluate the gene silencing activity in the B16F10 cells, which were stably transduced with a luciferase gene, in a lung metastasis model. The gene silencing activity of the targeted NP was significantly higher than the other formulations and lasted for 4 days. While confocal microscopy showed the naked NP provided no tissue selectivity and non-targeted NP was ineffective for tumor uptake, the targeted NP effectively penetrated the lung metastasis, but not the liver. It resulted in 70-80% gene silencing in the metastasis model after a single i.v. injection (150 μg siRNA/kg). This effective formulation also showed very little immunotoxicity.
Kaluza-Klein theory for teleparallel gravity
Creators: name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Lai, Chang
name: Luo, Ling-Wei
name: Tseng, Huan-Hsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study teleparallel gravity in the \emph{original} Kaluza-Klein (KK) scenario. Our calculation of the KK reduction of teleparallel gravity indicates that the 5-dimensional torsion scalar $^{(5)}T$ generates the non-Brans-Dicke type effective Lagrangian in 4-dimension due to an additional coupling between the derivative of the scalar field and torsion, but the result is equivalent to that in general relativity. We also discuss the cosmological behavior in the FLRW universe based on the effective teleparallel gravity.
description: 8 pages, no figure, Phys. Lett. B737 (2014) 248-250
From Global Frameworks to Local Realities: Reform
Proposals for International Social Work in a Postcolonial
World: Illustrated by the Example of Postcolonial Social Work in Uganda
Creators: name: Pfaffen, Lisa
name: Zimmermann, Samuel
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: The present bachelor's thesis examines the phenomenon of international social work in a postcolonial context. International social work has yet to realize its full potential to counteract the adverse effects of globalization, promote human rights, and social justice.

International social work is confronted with the complex relationship to the legacy of colonialism. In countries that were previously under colonial rule, social work has its roots in colonial structures. This has weakened functional indigenous social support systems. The Western-influenced systems are not aligned with the local context and, as a result, are not effectively addressing the needs of the communities. These structures were upheld and further developed through universalization and standardization tendencies in international social work. Colonialism was replaced by professional imperialism. This thesis aims to make a contribution to the resolution of this problem through the formulation of international social work reform proposals.

A case study of social work in Uganda revealed that international social work is confronted with another significant challenge: its inherent nation-state bound nature. In this challenge, non-governmental organizations play a pivotal role. In particular, transnational non-governmental organizations have the potential to transcend national boundaries and engage in transnational operations. Therefore, this thesis recommends that transnational NGOs become a future working field for international social work. When decolonized, they have the potential to strengthen the common commitment to advocate for an issue at the global or national political level as a common "global force".
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa bask be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Soziokultur, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
title: Marketing the service : basic social process in health visiting.
Creators: name: de la Cuesta, C.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The present study was undertaken to provide an understanding of the processes underlying health visiting practice. The research strategy selected was grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss 1967, Strauss 1987, Strauss and Corbin 1990). A total of 21 female health visitors from a District Health Authority in the North West of England participated in the study. Data was collected by means of 20 formal interviews and 41 days of participant observation in four different health centres. To recognize the basic social process in any interaction is one of the major aspects of grounded theory. This requires the identification of the "Phenomenon" which motivates the development of a process and the conditions under which it operates. The basic problem or phenomenon in health visiting uncovered in the data was "Securing Life Trajectories". This forms the core of the health visitor's work. The general set of conditions that influence health visiting work was identified as "Working Between Two Worlds". This is used to describe the health visitor's position between the policy agenda and the client's agenda. The process revealed in the data that health visitors use to respond to this overall problem was "Marketing Health Visiting". This refers to the different tactics that they use to introduce the policy agenda into the client's domain. During this process the policy agenda is adjusted to fit the client's circumstances. Three major strategies are identified in this process: 1) Promoting the service, 2) Adjusting delivery and 3) Tailoring the content. This study found that "Marketing Health Visiting" is a gradual process in which the health visitor wins grounds as time passes. As marketing strategies are implemented the conditions influencing the interaction change. Hence it moves from taking place in what is labelled in this study as "Dissociated Context", to a "Convergent Context" and finally to a "Shared Context". The final consequence of implementing marketing strategies is that of constructing "A Common Agenda" with clients. This agenda is basically the personalisation and contextualization of health visiting services. To build this common agenda it is of crucial importance that the client should see and feel the need for the health visiting service as well as the development of trust between the professional and the client. Hence the relationship that is developed between them acts as an enabling factor for reaching mutual collaboration. The discussion of the study focuses on its significance within the actual debate on health visiting about introducing new ways of practice. The health visitor's overall role is examined and the importance of developing relationships with clients is also highlighted.
Use of glycol chitosan modified by 5β-cholanic acid nanoparticles for the sustained release of proteins during murine embryonic limb skeletogenesis
Creators: name: Granero-Molto, Froilan
name: Li, Tieshi
name: Spagnoli, Anna
name: Longobardi, Lara
name: Myers, Timothy J.
name: Yan, Yun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Murine embryonic limb cultures have invaluable roles in studying skeletogenesis. Substance delivery is an underdeveloped area in developmental biology that has primarily relied on Affi-Gel-Blue-Agarose-beads. However, the lack of information about the efficiency of agarose-bead loading and release and difficulties for a single-bead implantation represent significant limitations. We optimized the use of glycol-chitosan–5β-cholanic-acid-conjugates (HGC) as a novel protein delivery system in mouse embryonic limbs. To this purpose, we loaded HGC either with recombinant Noggin, or bovine serum albumin (BSA). The size, morphology and stability of the protein-loaded-HGC were determined by transmission-electron-microscopy and dynamic-light-scattering. HGC-BSA and HGC-Noggin loading efficiencies were 80-90%. Time-course study revealed that Noggin and BSA were 80-90% of released after 48-hours. We developed several techniques to implant protein-loaded-HGC into murine embryonic joints from embryonic age (E)13.5 to E15.5, including a micro-injection system dispensing nanoliters. HGC did not interfere with skeletogenesis. Using CBR-3BA staining, we detected HGC-nanoparticles within implanted tissues. Furthermore, a sustained release of BSA and Noggin was demonstrated in HGC-BSA and HGC-Noggin injected regions. HGC-released Noggin was biologically active in blocking the BMP signaling in in vitro mesenchyme limb micromasses as well as in ex-vivo limb cultures. Results reveal that HGC is a valuable protein-delivery system in developmental biology.
Entanglement monogamy relations of qubit systems
Creators: name: Zhu, Xuena
name: Fei, Shaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the monogamy relations related to the concurrence and the entanglement of formation. General monogamy inequalities given by the αth power of concurrence and entanglement of formation are presented for N-qubit states. The monogamy relation for entanglement of assistance is also established. Based on these general monogamy relations, the residual entanglement of concurrence and entanglement of formation are studied. Some relations among the residual entanglement, entanglement of assistance, and three tangle are also presented.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Unconventional internalization mechanisms underlying functional delivery of antisense oligonucleotides via cationic lipoplexes and polyplexes
Creators: name: Sato, Katsuya
name: Juliano, Rudolph L.
name: Ming, Xin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: There is mounting interest in developing antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides into therapeutic entities; however, this potential has been limited by poor access of oligonucleotides to their pharmacological targets within cells. Transfection reagents, such as cationic lipids and polymers, are commonly utilized to improve functional delivery of nucleic acids including oligonucleotides. Cellular entry of large plasmid DNA molecules with the assistance of these polycationic carriers is mediated by some form of endocytosis; however, the mechanism for delivery of small oligonucleotide molecules has not been well established. In this study, splice-shifting oligonucleotides have been formulated into cationic lipoplexes and polyplexes, and their internalization mechanisms have been examined by using pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of endocytosis. The results showed that intercellular distribution of the oligonucleotides to the nucleus governs their pharmacological response. A mechanistic study revealed that oligonucleotides delivered by lipoplexes enter the cells partially by membrane fusion and this mechanism accounts for the functional induction of the target gene. In contrast, polyplexes are internalized by unconventional endocytosis pathways that do not require dynamin or caveolin. These studies may help rationally design novel delivery systems with superior transfection efficiency but lower toxicity.
SpinSpotter: An Automated Algorithm for Identifying Stellar Rotation Periods With Autocorrelation Analysis
Creators: name: Holcomb, Rae J.
name: Robertson, Paul
name: Hartigan, Patrick
name: Oelkers, Ryan J.
name: Robinson, Caleb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinspotter is a robust and automated algorithm designed to extract stellar rotation periods from large photometric datasets with minimal supervision. Our approach uses the autocorrelation function (ACF) to identify stellar rotation periods up to one-third the observational baseline of the data. Our algorithm also provides a suite of diagnostics that describe the features in the ACF, which allows the user to fine-tune the tolerance with which to accept a period detection. We apply it to approximately 130,000 main-sequence stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) at 2-minute cadence during Sectors 1-26, and identify rotation periods for 13,504 stars ranging from 0.4 to 14 days. We demonstrate good agreement between our sample and known values from the literature and note key differences between our population of rotators and those previously identified in the Kepler field, most notably a large population of fast-rotating M dwarfs. Our sample of rotating stars provides a data set with coverage of nearly the entire sky that can be used as a basis for future gyrochronological studies, and, when combined with proper motions and distances from Gaia, to search for regions with high densities of young stars, thus identifying areas of recent star formation and undiscovered moving group members. Our algorithm is publicly available for download and use on GitHub.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Optimal single shot strategies for discrimination of quantum measurements
Creators: name: Sedlak, Michal
name: Ziman, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study discrimination of m quantum measurements in the scenario when the unknown measurement with n outcomes can be used only once. We show that ancilla-assisted discrimination procedures provide a nontrivial advantage over simple (ancilla-free) schemes for perfect distinguishability and we prove that inevitably m <= n. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions of perfect distinguishability of general binary measurements. We show that the optimization of the discrimination of projective qubit measurements and their mixtures with white noise is equivalent to the discrimination of specific quantum states. In particular, the optimal protocol for discrimination of projective qubit measurements with fixed failure rate (exploiting maximally entangled test state) is described. While minimum error discrimination of two projective qubit measurements can be realized without any need of entanglement, we show that discrimination of three projective qubit measurements requires a bipartite probe state. Moreover, when the measurements are not projective, the non-maximally entangled test states can outperform the maximally entangled ones.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
tntorch: Tensor Network Learning with PyTorch
Creators: name: Usvyatsov, Mikhail
name: Ballester-Ripoll, Rafael
name: Schindler, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present tntorch, a tensor learning framework that supports multiple decompositions (including Candecomp/Parafac, Tucker, and Tensor Train) under a unified interface. With our library, the user can learn and handle low-rank tensors with automatic differentiation, seamless GPU support, and the convenience of PyTorch's API. Besides decomposition algorithms, tntorch implements differentiable tensor algebra, rank truncation, cross-approximation, batch processing, comprehensive tensor arithmetics, and more.
Sozialpädagogische Familienbegleitung als Abklärungsinstrument einer Kindeswohlgefährdung: Professionelles Handeln im Spannungsfeld zwischen Hilfe und Kontrolle
Creators: name: Stirnimann Julia
name: Winterberg Elena
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Die Sozialpädagogische Familienbegleitung (SPF) ist eine aufsuchende Form der Sozialen Arbeit (SozA)
und dient der Unterstützung von Familien in schwierigen Lebensphasen. Zudem kann die SPF mit der
zivilrechtlichen Abklärung einer möglichen Kindeswohlgefährdung beauftragt werden. Spannungsfelder
sind in der SozA allgegenwärtig. Bei Abklärungsaufträgen im Bereich des zivilrechtlichen Kindesschutzes
können diese Spannungsfelder verschärft auftreten, insbesondere das zwischen Hilfe und
Kontrolle. Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit untersucht, wie Fachpersonen der SPF in diesem Spannungsfeld
professionell handeln können.
Für die Bearbeitung der Fragestellung wurden im Rahmen einer qualitativen Forschung fünf Interviews
mit Expert*innen in den Kantonen Luzern, Bern und Zürich geführt. Die Forschungsdaten wurden mittels
der inhaltlich strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz ausgewertet. Für die Auswertung
wurde die Software MAXQDA unterstützend genutzt.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für ein professionelles Handeln im verschärften Spannungsfeld zwischen
Hilfe und Kontrolle bei einem zivilrechtlich angeordneten Abklärungsauftrag die Transparenz, die präzise
Auftrags- und Rollenklärung sowie die Reflexionsfähigkeit seitens der Fachpersonen der SPF unabdingbar
sind. So kann nicht nur die Professionalität gewährleistet werden, sondern es können damit
auch die Entwicklung sowie das Wohl des Kindes gesichert werden.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basp be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialpädagogik, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
Scalar and Electromagnetic Quasinormal modes of Extended black hole in F(R) gravity
Creators: name: Sebastian, Saneesh
name: Kuriakose, V. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the scalar and electromagnetic perturbations of an extended black hole in F(R) gravity. The quasinormal modes in two cases are evaluated and studied their behavior by plotting graphs in each case. To study the quasinormal mode, we use the third order WKB method. The present study shows that the absolute value of imaginary part of complex quasinormal modes increases in both cases, thus the black hole is stable against these perturbations. As the mass of the scalar field increases the imaginary part of the frequency decreases. Thus damping slows down with increasing mass of the scalar field.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, To appear in MPLA
Extended Wertheim theory predicts the anomalous chain length distributions of divalent patchy particles under extreme confinement
Creators: name: Jonas, H. J.
name: Schall, P.
name: Bolhuis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal patchy particles with divalent attractive interaction can self-assemble into linear polymer chains. Their equilibrium properties in 2D and 3D are well described by Wertheim's thermodynamic perturbation theory which predicts a well-defined exponentially decaying equilibrium chain length distribution. In experimental realizations, due to gravity, particles sediment to the bottom of the suspension forming a monolayer of particles with a gravitational height smaller than the particle diameter. In accordance with experiments, an anomalously high monomer concentration is observed in simulations which is not well understood. To account for this observation, we interpret the polymerization as taking place in a highly confined quasi-2D plane and extend the Wertheim thermodynamic perturbation theory by defining addition reactions constants as functions of the chain length. We derive the theory, test it on simple square well potentials, and apply it to the experimental case of synthetic colloidal patchy particles immersed in a binary liquid mixture that are described by an accurate effective critical Casimir patchy particle potential. The important interaction parameters entering the theory are explicitly computed using the integral method in combination with Monte Carlo sampling. Without any adjustable parameter, the predictions of the chain length distribution are in excellent agreement with explicit simulations of self-assembling particles. We discuss generality of the approach, and its application range.
description: The following article has been submitted to The Journal of Chemical Physics
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles with an asymmetric lipid bilayer coating for siRNA delivery to the tumor
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Huang, Leaf
name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles(NP) with an asymmetric lipid bilayer coating have been designed for targeted delivery of siRNA to the tumor. An anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatydic acid (DOPA), was employed as the inner leaflet lipid to coat the nano-size CaP cores, which entrap the siRNA, such that the coated cores were soluble in organic solvent. A suitable neutral or cationic lipid was used as the outer leaflet lipid to form an asymmetric lipid bilayer structure verified by the measurement of NP zeta potential. The resulting NP was named LCP-II with a size of about 25 to 30 nm in diameter and contained a hollow core as revealed by TEM imaging. PEGylation of NP was done by including a PEG-phospholipid conjugate, with or without a targeting ligand anisamide, in the outer leaflet lipid mixture. The sub-cellular distribution studied in the sigma receptor positive human H460 lung cancer cells indicated that LCP-II could release more cargo to the cytoplasm than our previous lipid/protamine/DNA (LPD) formulation, leading to a significant (~40 fold in vitro and ~4 fold in vivo) improvement in siRNA delivery. Bio-distribution study showed that LCP-II required more PEGylation for MPS evasion than the previous LPD, probably due to increased surface curvature in LCP-II.
Resolving desorption of complex organic molecules in a hot core: Transition from non-thermal to thermal desorption or two-step thermal desorption?
Creators: name: Busch, Laura A.
name: Belloche, Arnaud
name: Garrod, Robin T.
name: Müller, Holger S. P.
name: Menten, Karl M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the high angular resolution provided by the ALMA interferometre we want to resolve the COM emission in the hot molecular core Sagittarius B2(N1) and thereby shed light on the desorption process of Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) in hot cores. We use data taken as part of the 3 mm spectral line survey Re-exploring Molecular Complexity with ALMA (ReMoCA) to investigate the morphology of COM emission in Sagittarius B2(N1). Spectra of ten COMs are modelled under the assumption of LTE and population diagrams are derived for positions at various distances to the south and west from the continuum peak. Based on this analysis, resolved COM rotation temperature and COM abundance profiles are derived. Based on the morphology, a rough separation into O- and N-bearing COMs can be done. Temperature profiles are in agreement with expectations of protostellar heating of an envelope with optically thick dust. Abundance profiles reflect a similar trend as seen in the morphology and, to a great extent, agree with results of astrochemical models that, besides the co-desorption with water, predict that O-bearing COMs are mainly formed on dust grain surfaces at low temperatures while at least some N-bearing COMs and CH$_3$CHO are substantially formed in the gas phase at higher temperatures. Our observational results, in comparison with model predictions, suggest that COMs that are exclusively or to a great extent formed on dust grains desorb thermally at ~100 K from the grain surface likely alongside water. Non-zero abundance values below ~100 K suggest that another desorption process is at work at these low temperatures: either non-thermal desorption or partial thermal desorption related to lower binding energies experienced by COMs in the outer, water-poor ice layers. In either case, this is the first time that the transition between two regimes of COM desorption has been resolved in a hot core.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Aspects of AdS$_2$ Quantum Gravity and the Karch-Randall Braneworld
Creators: name: Geng, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use the Karch-Randall braneworld to study theories of quantum gravity in two dimensional (nearly) anti-de Sitter space (AdS$_2$). We focus on effective gravitational theories in the setup with two Karch-Randall branes embedded in an asymptotically AdS$_3$ bulk forming a wedge. We find the appearance of two-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert gravity (or the Lorenzian version of Marolf-Maxfield theory) when the branes are rigid but the emergence of a class of dilaton gravity models parameterized by the tensions of the two branes when brane fluctuations are accounted for. A special case of our result is Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity, which has been proven useful to address many important problems in quantum gravity. An important implication of our work is that these models have holographic duals as one-dimensional quantum mechanics systems. At the end, we discuss a puzzle regarding the energy spectrum and its resolution.
description: 39 Pages, 11 figures, comments are welcome; references added
Evidence of thermonuclear flame spreading on neutron stars from burst rise oscillations
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Manoneeta
name: Bhattacharyya, Sudip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Burst oscillations during the rising phases of thermonuclear X-ray bursts are usually believed to originate from flame spreading on the neutron star surface. However, the decrease of fractional oscillation amplitude with rise time, which provides a main observational support for the flame spreading model, have so far been reported from only a few bursts. Moreover, the non-detection and intermittent detections of rise oscillations from many bursts are not yet understood considering the flame spreading scenario. Here, we report the decreasing trend of fractional oscillation amplitude from an extensive analysis of a large sample of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array bursts from ten neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. This trend is 99.99% significant for the best case, which provides, to the best of our knowledge, by far the strongest evidence of such trend. Moreover, it is important to note that an opposite trend is not found from any of the bursts. The concave shape of the fractional amplitude profiles for all the bursts suggests latitude-dependent flame speeds, possibly due to the effects of the Coriolis force. We also systematically study the roles of low fractional amplitude and low count rate for non-detection and intermittent detections of rise oscillations, and attempt to understand them within the flame spreading scenario. Our results support a weak turbulent viscosity for flame spreading, and imply that burst rise oscillations originate from an expanding hot spot, thus making these oscillations a more reliable tool to constrain the neutron star equations of state.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Star Formation Activity Beyond the Outer Arm II: Distribution and Properties of Star Formation
Creators: name: Izumi, Natsuko
name: Kobayashi, Naoto
name: Yasui, Chikako
name: Saito, Masao
name: Hamano, Satoshi
name: Koch, Patrick M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The outer Galaxy beyond the Outer Arm represents a promising opportunity to study star formation in an environment vastly different from the solar neighborhood. In our previous study, we identified 788 candidate star-forming regions in the outer Galaxy (at galactocentric radii $R_{\rm G}$ $\ge$ 13.5 kpc) based on Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mid-infrared (MIR) all-sky survey. In this paper, we investigate the statistical properties of the candidates and their parental molecular clouds derived from the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) CO survey. We show that the molecular clouds with candidates have a shallower slope of cloud mass function, a larger fraction of clouds bound by self-gravity, and a larger density than the molecular clouds without candidates. To investigate the star formation efficiency (SFE) at different $R_{\rm G}$, we used two parameters: 1) the fraction of molecular clouds with candidates and 2) the monochromatic MIR luminosities of candidates per parental molecular cloud mass. We did not find any clear correlation between SFE parameters and $R_{\rm G}$ at $R_{\rm G}$ of 13.5 kpc to 20.0 kpc, suggesting that the SFE is independent of environmental parameters such as metallicity and gas surface density, which vary considerably with $R_{\rm G}$. Previous studies reported that the SFE per year (SFE/yr) derived from the star-formation rate surface density per total gas surface density, HI plus H$_2$, decreases with increased $R_{\rm G}$. Our results might suggest that the decreasing trend is due to a decrease in HI gas conversion to H$_2$ gas.
description: 40 pages, 26 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Fingering induced by a solid sphere impact to viscous fluid
Creators: name: Katsuragi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of splashed fingers generated by a solid projectile's impact onto a viscous liquid layer is experimentally studied. A steel sphere is dropped onto a viscous liquid pool. Then, a fingering instability occurs around the crater's rim, depending on the experimental conditions such as projectile's inertia and the viscosity of the target liquid. When the impact inertia is not sufficient, any fingering structure cannot be observed. Contrastively, if the impact inertia is too much, the random splashing is induced and the counting of fingers becomes difficult. The clear fingering instability is observable in between these two regimes. The number of fingers $N$ is counted by using high-speed video data. The scaling of $N$ is discussed on the basis of dimensionless numbers. By assuming Rayleigh-Taylor instability, scaling laws for $N$ can be derived using Reynolds number $Re$, Weber number $We$, and Froude number $Fr$. Particularly, the scaling $N=(ρ_r Fr)^{1/4}We^{1/2}/3^{3/4}$ is obtained for the gravity-dominant cratering regime, where $ρ_r$ is the density ratio between a projectile and a target. Although the experimental data considerably scatters, the scaling law is consistent with the global trend of the data behavior. Using one of the scaling laws, planetary nano crater's rim structure is also evaluated.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
In vitro and in vivo assessment of targeting lipid-based nanoparticles to the epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) using a novel Heptameric ZEGFR domain
Creators: name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Parrott, Matthew C.
name: Liu, Rihe
name: Luft, J. Christopher
name: Kim, Dongwook
name: Benhabbour, S. Rahima
name: Wadhwa, Saurabh
name: Jain, Anekant
name: Mumper, Russell J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Lipid-based oil-filled nanoparticles (NPs) with a high concentration of surface-chelated nickel (Ni-NPs) were successfully prepared using a Brij78-NTA-Ni conjugate synthesized with Brij 78 (Polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The facile incorporation of the Brij 78-NTA-Ni conjugate into the NP formulation allowed up to 90% Ni incorporation, which was a significant improvement over the previously used standard agent DOGS-NTA-Ni which led to ~6% Ni incorporation. The Ni-NPs were targeted to the highly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma cells A431. This was accomplished using a novel high affinity histidine×6-tagged EGFR-binding Z domain (heptameric ZEGFR domain). In vitro cell uptake studies showed enhanced internalization (up to 90%) of the targeted Ni-NPs in A431 cells with only ≤10% internalization of the of untargeted Ni-NPs. ICP-MS analysis used to quantify the amount of Ni in the cells were in close agreement with flow cytometry studies, which showed a dose dependent increase in the amount of Ni with the targeted Ni-NPs. Cell uptake competition studies showed that internalization of the targeted Ni-NPs within the cells was competed off with free heptameric ZEGFR domain at concentrations of 8.75 ng/mL or higher. In vivo studies were carried out in nude mice bearing A431 tumors to determine the biodistribution and intracellular delivery. Near Infrared (NIR) optical imaging studies using Alexa750-labeled heptameric ZEGFR domain showed localization of 19% of the total detected fluorescence intensity in the tumor tissue, 28% in the liver and 42% in the kidneys 16 h post i.v. injection. ICP-MS analysis showed almost a two-fold increase in the amount of intracellular Ni with the targeted Ni-NPs. These new Ni-NPs could be a very useful tool for targeting and drug delivery to a wide range of EGFR positive cancers.
Exercise as Prescription Therapy: Benefits in Cancer and Hypertensive Patients
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2015
Subjects: Exercise therapy
Life style
Chronic disease
Body composition

description: PURPOSE Exercise therapy in patients with metabolic chronic disease produces several positive response. This study aims to verify the effects of fast walking associated to a resistance exercise to reduce cardiovascular risk factor. METHODS: Two groups of subjects (10 cancer survivors and 19 hypertensive patients) were evaluated by 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), bioimpedance, , the Sit & Reach Test (S&R) evaluate the flexibility, Handgrip and 30’’ Chair Test for muscular strength. Patients were tested before and after 3 months of regular physical exercise. RESULTS: A significant change in anthropometric parameters was observed (BMI: T0 = 29.2±6.8, T3= 27.4±4.4 kg/m2 p<.001; waist circumference: T0=92.5±14.1, T3=92.1±12.8 cm, p<.05) in the hypertensive population. A predominant improvement of the cardiovascular parameters was observed in the cancer survivors (rest DBP T0=76.4±6.5, T3=72.2±7.1 mmhg p<.05; 6MWT: T0=487.8±116.0, T3= 525.6±117.3 m p<.05; S&R: T0= 0.4±7.4, T3=4.1±6.1 cm p<.05). CONCLUSION: A combined aerobic and resistance exercise programme can improve cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive subjects. The same programme induces improvement in exercise tolerance and flexibility variables in cancer survivors.
Superadiabatic forces in Brownian many-body dynamics
Creators: name: Fortini, Andrea
name: Heras, Daniel de las
name: Brader, Joseph M.
name: Schmidt, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical approaches to nonequilibrium many-body dynamics generally rest upon an adiabatic assumption, whereby the true dynamics is represented as a sequence of equilibrium states. Going beyond this simple approximation is a notoriously difficult problem. For the case of classical Brownian many-body dynamics we present a simulation method that allows to isolate and precisely evaluate superadiabatic correlations and the resulting forces. Application of the method to a system of one-dimensional hard particles reveals the importance for the dynamics, as well as the complexity, of these nontrivial out-of-equilibrium contributions. Our findings help clarify the status of dynamical density functional theory and provide a rational basis for the development of improved theories.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Variational Bayes in State Space Models: Inferential and Predictive Accuracy
Creators: name: Frazier, David T.
name: Martin, Gael M.
name: Loaiza-Maya, Ruben
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Using theoretical and numerical results, we document the accuracy of commonly applied variational Bayes methods across a range of state space models. The results demonstrate that, in terms of accuracy on fixed parameters, there is a clear hierarchy in terms of the methods, with approaches that do not approximate the states yielding superior accuracy over methods that do. We also document numerically that the inferential discrepancies between the various methods often yield only small discrepancies in predictive accuracy over small out-of-sample evaluation periods. Nevertheless, in certain settings, these predictive discrepancies can become meaningful over a longer out-of-sample period. This finding indicates that the invariance of predictive results to inferential inaccuracy, which has been an oft-touted point made by practitioners seeking to justify the use of variational inference, is not ubiquitous and must be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
Nanoparticle delivery of a peptide targeting EGFR signaling
Creators: name: Kim, Sang Kyoon
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: EGFR serves as an important therapeutic target because of its over-expression in many cancers. In this study, we investigated a peptide-based therapy aimed at blocking intracellular protein-protein interactions during EGFR signaling and evaluated a targetable lipid carrier system that can deliver peptides to intracellular targets in human cancer cells. EEEEpYFELV (EV), a nonapeptide mimicking the Y845 site of EGFR which is responsible for STAT5b phosphorylation, was designed to block EGFR downstream signaling. EV was loaded onto LPH nanoparticles that are comprised of a membrane/core structure including a surface-grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) used to evade the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and anisamide (AA) for targeting the sigma receptor over-expressed in H460 human lung cancer cells. EV formulated with PEGylated and targeted LPH (LPH-PEG-AA) was taken up by the tumor cells and trafficked to the cytoplasm with high efficiency. Using this approach, EV acted as a dominant negative inhibitor of STAT5b phosphorylation, arrested cell proliferation, and induced massive apoptosis. Intravenous administration of EV loaded in LPH-PEG-AA led to efficient EV peptide delivery to the tumor in a xenograft mouse model, and multiple injections inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings offer proof-of-concept for an intracellular peptide-mediated cancer therapy that is delivered by carefully designed nanoparticles.
Accuracy of approximate methods for the calculation of absorption-type linear spectra with a complex system-bath coupling
Creators: name: Nöthling, J. A.
name: Mančal, Tomáš
name: Krüger, T. P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of approximate methods for calculating linear optical spectra depends on many variables. In this study, we fix most of these parameters to typical values found in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes of plants and determine the accuracy of approximate spectra with respect to exact calculation as a function of the energy gap and interpigment coupling in a pigment dimer. We use a spectral density with the first eight intramolecular modes of chlorophyll a and include inhomogeneous disorder for the calculation of spectra. We compare the accuracy of absorption, linear dichroism, and circular dichroism spectra calculated using the Full Cumulant Expansion (FCE), coherent time-dependent Redfield (ctR), and time-independent Redfield and modified Redfield methods. As a reference we use spectra calculated with the Exact Stochastic Path Integral Evaluation method. We find the FCE method to be the most accurate for the calculation of all spectra. The ctR method performs well for the qualitative calculation of absorption and linear dichroism spectra when pigments are moderately coupled ($\sim 15\text{ cm}^{-1}$), but ctR spectra may differ significantly from exact spectra when strong interpigment coupling ($\sim 100\text{ cm}^{-1}$) is present. The dependence of the quality of Redfield and modified Redfield spectra on molecular parameters is similar, and these methods almost always perform worse than ctR, especially when the interpigment coupling is strong or the excitonic energy gap is small (for a given coupling). The accuracy of approximate spectra is not affected by resonance between the excitonic energy gap and intramolecular modes when realistic inhomogeneous disorder is included.
description: This article has been submitted to the Journal of Chemical Physics (JCP)
Familial Inference
Creators: name: Thompson, Ryan
name: Forbes, Catherine S.
name: MacEachern, Steven N.
name: Peruggia, Mario
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Statistical hypotheses are translations of scientific hypotheses into statements about one or more distributions, often concerning their center. Tests that assess statistical hypotheses of center implicitly assume a specific center, e.g., the mean or median. Yet, scientific hypotheses do not always specify a particular center. This ambiguity leaves the possibility for a gap between scientific theory and statistical practice that can lead to rejection of a true null. In the face of replicability crises in many scientific disciplines, "significant results" of this kind are concerning. Rather than testing a single center, this paper proposes testing a family of plausible centers, such as that induced by the Huber loss function (the "Huber family"). Each center in the family generates a testing problem, and the resulting family of hypotheses constitutes a familial hypothesis. A Bayesian nonparametric procedure is devised to test familial hypotheses, enabled by a pathwise optimization routine to fit the Huber family. The favorable properties of the new test are verified through numerical simulation in one- and two-sample settings. Two experiments from psychology serve as real-world case studies.
Fluctuations in the Uniform Shear Flow state of a granular gas
Creators: name: de Soria, M. I. García
name: Maynar, P.
name: Brey, J. Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fluctuations of the total internal energy of a granular gas under stationary uniform shear flow by means of kinetic theory methods. We find that these fluctuations are coupled to the fluctuations of the different components of the total pressure tensor. Explicit expressions for all the possible cross and auto correlations of the fluctuations at one and two times are obtained in the two dimensional case. The theoretical predictions are compared with Molecular Dynamics simulation and a good agreement is found for the range of inelasticity considered.
title: Welfarism anew? : territorial politics and inter-war state housing in three Lancashire towns
Creators: name: Hudson, William.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this thesis is to examine the nature and complexion of territorial politics and central/local relations in the policy field of inter-war state-aided housing policy in the United Kingdom and specifically in the three case studies in Blackburn, Preston and Wigan. In particular, can territorial relations, from 1926, be classified as 'low politics', (Bulpitt 1983) with an operational code of 'mutual deference and frigidity' (Bulpitt) and with an attitudinal complexion of 'mutual deference to local possessive pluralism'? (Bellamy 1988). The hypotheses are that in the policy field of inter-war, state-aided housing, from 1917/18 onwards, the nature of territorial politics changed. Political, ideological, economic, social and institutional changes were driven by the fear of revolution and were to have a significant impact on the way centra/local relations were conducted from 1919. Furthermore state-aided housing policy was the genesis of welfarism anew. Policy emerged as 'path dependant' (Peters 1999) and continued to influence and shape both national and local politics and the way the centre and periphery interacted. The results of these extensive changes, suggests that territorial interaction thereafter, and the nature of policy provision, in the field of inter-war housing policy should be regarded as 'high politics'. It was not a policy field that could be left to peripheral government, or characterised by 'mutual deference and frigidity'. Consequently, the implementation of policy shaped territorial politics, and attitudinal change, at both levels of government, emerged as changing mindsets, in both polities, evolved during the inter-war period. The questions investigated are: did a fundamental shift occur in politics, economics and welfarism, in 1919? (Hall 1986; Kuhn 1969). Can it be argued that once ideational change had occurred in 1919 policy became 'path dependent'? (Peters 1999). Furthermore, did a stuctured polity exist in the form of a tripartite relationship in territorial politics? What was the nature and complexion of central/local relations exhibited in the case studies, and, were they more complex, intensive, and interactive than Bulpitt suggests? Finally, how and why did the attitudes of 'mutual deference to local possessive pluralism', and 'local possessive pluralism' itself, (Bellamy 1988) begin to change as the mindsets in central and local government altered? These issues are investigated in terms of their effects upon inter-war state-aided housing policy when applied to the case studies in Blackburn, Preston and Wigan.