cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Zakharov-Mikhailov action: $4$d Chern-Simons origin and covariant Poisson algebra of the Lax connection
Creators: name: Caudrelier, Vincent
name: Stoppato, Matteo
name: Vicedo, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the $2$d Zakharov-Mikhailov action from $4$d Chern-Simons theory. This $2$d action is known to produce as equations of motion the flatness condition of a large class of Lax connections of Zakharov-Shabat type, which includes an ultralocal variant of the principal chiral model as a special case. At the $2$d level, we determine for the first time the covariant Poisson bracket $r$-matrix structure of the Zakharov-Shabat Lax connection, which is of rational type. The flatness condition is then derived as a covariant Hamilton equation. We obtain a remarkable formula for the covariant Hamiltonian in term of the Lax connection which is the covariant analogue of the well-known formula "$H=Tr L^2$".
description: 16 pages. Final authors' version with added references and explanations
Effects of Environmental Zoning on Household Sorting: Empirical Evidence and Ecological Implications
Creators: name: Provencher, Bill
name: Lewis, David J.
name: Schoen, Joe
name: Provencher, Bill
name: Lewis, David J.
name: Schoen, Joe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: In this paper we present a preliminary analysis of whether and how spatial variation in environmental attributes affects the residential sorting of households with heterogeneous preferences. An important implication of such sorting arises if variation in preferences over environmental attributes is correlated with household activities affecting the local ecosystem, such as the replacement of native vegetation with lawns, and the removal of course woody habitat from a lake. In this case the sorting process may engender differential evolution of local ecosystems (lakes) with the same initial ecological state. The model examined in the paper has the potential to statistically examine this issue, and therefore holds promise for understanding the behavioral implications of land use policies designed to protect local ecosystems. By facilitating the grouping of different types of households onto different lakes, for instance, lakeshore zoning policies may engender differentiation in the ecological evolution of lakes beyond what would be expected from the zoning policies themselves.
[Southern Sierra Miwok field notes]
Creators: name: Broadbent, Sylvia M.
name: Lawrence, Johnny
name: Leemee, Chief
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: skd
subject: Southern Sierra Miwok language

description: Second of 17 Miwok notebooks. Vocabulary and grammatical elicitation.
Understanding the Underlying Fundamentals of Ethanol Markets: Linkages between Energy and Agriculture
Creators: name: Tokgoz, Simla
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Tokgoz, Simla
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: agricultural markets
subject: energy
subject: ethanol
subject: renewable fuels

description: This study analyzes the impact of price shocks in three input and output markets critical to ethanol: gasoline, corn, and sugar. We investigate the impact of these shocks on ethanol and related agricultural markets in the United States and Brazil. We find that the composition of a country's vehicle fleet determines the direction of the response of ethanol consumption to changes in the gasoline price. We also find that a change in feedstock costs affects the profitability of ethanol producers and the domestic ethanol price. In Brazil, where two commodities compete for sugarcane, changes in the sugar market affect the competing ethanol market.
Inclusive heavy-flavour production at central and forward rapidity in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.44$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurements of the production of muons and electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the LHC, are reported. The measurement of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm AA}$ is performed as a function of transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ in several centrality classes at forward rapidity ($2.5 < y <4$) and midrapidity ($\vert y \vert < 0.8$) for muons and electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays, respectively. A suppression by a factor up to about 2.5 compared to the binary-scaled pp reference is observed in central collisions at both central and forward rapidities. The $R_{\rm AA}$ of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is compared to previous measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. When the nuclear modification factors are compared in the centrality classes 0-10% for Xe-Xe collisions and 10-20% for Pb-Pb collisions, which have similar charged-particle multiplicity density, a similar suppression, with $R_{\rm AA} \sim 0.4$ in the $p_{\rm T}$ interval $4 < p_{\rm T} < 8$ GeV/$c$, is observed. The comparison of the measured $R_{\rm AA}$ values in the two collision systems brings new insights on the properties of the quark-gluon plasma by investigating the system-size and path-length dependence of medium-induced parton energy loss. The results of muons and electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays provide new constraints to model calculations.
description: 27 pages, 4 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 22, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/6718
An Empirical Examination of the Factors Affecting Remittance by Mexican Migrants in the United States
Creators: name: McCoy, Adam
name: Nziramasanga, Mudziviri
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
name: McCoy, Adam
name: Nziramasanga, Mudziviri
name: Yoder, Jonathan K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Mexico has reported worker's remittances to equal $16.6 billion in 2004, which constitutes nearly 2.5 percent of Mexico's GDP, exceeding the inflows from direct foreign investment and aid. We develop a model of remittances based on a net income concept. The model is used to generate a series of testable hypotheses. We test these hypotheses using what we term a type II generalized ordered probit model based on survey data for Mexican Migrants. Our results are generally consistent with standard utility maximization theory, and more specifically are consistent with a net income hypothesis. we find, for example, that migrant income is a strong positive determinant of remittance levels except for the lowest remittance category. We also find that migrants remit more when they have more family members in Mexico and fewer in the U.S., when they own land and real estate in Mexico, and when they plan on returning to Mexico relatively soon.
Keck Interferometer observations of classical and weak line T Tauri stars
Creators: name: Akeson, R. L.
name: Boden, A. F.
name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Millan-Gabet, R.
name: Beichman, C.
name: Beletic, J.
name: Calvet, N.
name: Hartmann, L.
name: Hillenbrand, L.
name: Koresko, C.
name: Sargent, A.
name: Tannirkulam, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of the T Tauri stars BP Tau, DG Tau, DI Tau, GM Aur, LkCa 15, RW Aur and V830 Tau, using long baseline infrared interferometry at K band (2.2 microns) from the Keck Interferometer. The target sources have a range of mass accretion rates and excess near-infrared emission. The interferometer is most sensitive to extended emission on characteristic size scales of 1 to 5 millarcseconds. All sources show evidence for resolved K band emission on these scales, although a few of the sources are marginally consistent with being unresolved. We calculate the infrared excess based on fitting stellar photosphere models to the optical photometry and estimate the physical size of the emission region using simple geometric models for the sources with a significant infrared excess. Assuming that the K band resolved emission traces the inner edge of the dust disk, we compare the measured characteristic sizes to predicted dust sublimation radii and find that the models require a range of dust sublimation temperatures and possibly optical depths within the inner rim to match the measured radii.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Groundwater Pumping by Heterogeneous Users
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Peterson, Jeffrey M.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Peterson, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: common property resource
subject: groundwater
subject: majorization

description: Farm size is a significant determinant of both groundwater irrigated farm acreage and groundwater irrigation application rates per acre. This paper analyzes the patterns of groundwater exploitation when resource users in the area overlying a common aquifer are heterogeneous. In the presence of user heterogeneity, the common resource problem consists of inefficient dynamic and spatial allocation of groundwater because it impacts income distribution not only across periods but also across farmers. Under competitive allocation, smaller farmers pump groundwater faster if farmers have a constant marginal periodic utility of income. However, it is possible that larger farmers pump faster if the Arrow-Pratt coefficient of relative risk-aversion is sufficiently decreasing in wealth. A greater farm-size inequality may either moderate or amplify income inequality among farmers. Its effect on welfare depends on the curvature properties of the agricultural output function and the farmer utility of income. Also, it is shown that a flat-rate quota policy that limits the quantity of groundwater extraction per unit land may have unintended consequences for the income distribution among farmers.
Higgs-Mediated e -> mu transitions in II Higgs doublet Model and Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Paradisi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenology of the e-mu lepton flavour violation (LFV) in a general two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) including the supersymmetric case. We compute the decay rate expressions of mu -> e gamma, mu -> eee, and mu -> e conversion in nuclei at two loop level. In particular, it is shown that mu -> e gamma is generally the most sensitive channel to probe Higgs-mediated LFV. The correlations among the decay rates of the above processes are also discussed.
description: v2=published version: 16 pages, 2 figures. Discussions and references added. Results and conclusions unchanged
PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE COSTS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Trade costs
subject: Gravity
subject: Processed Foods
subject: Geography
subject: Infrastructure
subject: Trade Policy
subject: Inequality

description: This paper documents patterns in international trade costs in processed foods for a large cross-section of developing and developed countries, during the 1976-2000 period. A trade costs index is inferred from a micro-founded gravity equation that incorporates bilateral ‘iceberg’ trade costs. For 2000, the weighted average tariff equivalent of trade costs ranges from 73% for the North to 134% for the South countries. The time patterns show an average reduction of about -13% in the observed period, that rises to -26% for the Emerging countries. However, the same does not apply for South countries. On ranking the trade costs determinants we find that, on average, geographical and historical factors seem to dominate those of infrastructure and institutions. However, trade policy emerges as an important determinant of the North-Emerging trade costs. Finally we find strong evidence that demand-side considerations also matter to explain trade costs.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/16/07.
Toward simulating Superstring/M-theory on a quantum computer
Creators: name: Gharibyan, Hrant
name: Hanada, Masanori
name: Honda, Masazumi
name: Liu, Junyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel framework for simulating matrix models on a quantum computer. Supersymmetric matrix models have natural applications to superstring/M-theory and gravitational physics, in an appropriate limit of parameters. Furthermore, for certain states in the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase (BMN) matrix model, several supersymmetric quantum field theories dual to superstring/M-theory can be realized on a quantum device. Our prescription consists of four steps: regularization of the Hilbert space, adiabatic state preparation, simulation of real-time dynamics, and measurements. Regularization is performed for the BMN matrix model with the introduction of energy cut-off via the truncation in the Fock space. We use the Wan-Kim algorithm for fast digital adiabatic state preparation to prepare the low-energy eigenstates of this model as well as thermofield double state. Then, we provide an explicit construction for simulating real-time dynamics utilizing techniques of block-encoding, qubitization, and quantum signal processing. Lastly, we present a set of measurements and experiments that can be carried out on a quantum computer to further our understanding of superstring/M-theory beyond analytic results.
description: 68 pages; v2: minor corrections
Breakup of loosely bound nuclei as indirect method in nuclear astrophysics: 8B, 9C, 23Al
Creators: name: Trache, L.
name: Carstoiu, F.
name: Gagliardi, C. A.
name: Tribble, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the use of one-nucleon breakup reactions of loosely bound nuclei at intermediate energies as an indirect method in nuclear astrophysics. These are peripheral processes, therefore we can extract asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANC) from which reaction rates of astrophysical interest can be inferred. To show the usefulness of the method, three different cases are discussed. In the first, existing experimental data for the breakup of 8B at energies from 30 to 1000 MeV/u and of 9C at 285 MeV/u on light through heavy targets are analyzed. Glauber model calculations in the eikonal approximation and in the optical limit using different effective interactions give consistent, though slightly different results, showing the limits of the precision of the method. The results lead to the astrophysical factor S_17(0)=18.7+/-1.9 eVb for the key reaction for solar neutrino production 7Be(p,γ)8B. It is consistent with the values from other indirect methods and most direct measurements, but one. Breakup reactions can be measured with radioactive beams as weak as a few particles per second, and therefore can be used for cases where no direct measurements or other indirect methods for nuclear astrophysics can be applied. We discuss a proposed use of the breakup of the proton drip line nucleus 23Al to obtain spectroscopic information and the stellar reaction rate for 22Mg(p,γ)23Al.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the conference "Nuclear Physics for Astrophysics 2", Debrecen, Hungary, May 2005. Prepared for the Proceedings
Asendorf, Ulrich / Künneth, Friedrich Wilhelm (Hrsg.), Von der wahren Einheit der Kirche
Creators: name: Dantine, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 23 Nr. 1 (1974): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 23, Heft 1
Identification and Estimation of Social Interaction-Based Models: A Changes-In-Changes Approach with an Application to Adolescent Substance Use
Creators: name: Yang, Muzhe
name: Yang, Muzhe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: social interactions
subject: linear-in-expectations
subject: linear-in-means
subject: difference-in-differences
subject: changes-in-changes

description: This paper outlines a method for detecting and assessing the strength of social interactions through a changes-in-changes design. The proposed approach is based on a linear-in-means model and aims to resolve the "reflection problem", unobserved heterogeneities and endogenous group formation that plague identification of social interactions. Using longitudinal data from Add Health with rarely collected information on peer group's composition, we explore an exogenous variation in peer's drug use induced by a "mover friend" that occurs between Add Health's survey periods. This quasi-experiment shares a similar nature of a policy intervention of removing drug-user friends from a peer group. Such treatment-control group differences together with changes over time form the basis of our changes-in-changes design. Our study confirms a strong endogenous effect, which in turn motivates a "social multiplier", both of which are large enough to be relevant and are well worth attention to policy makers, researchers, health-care providers and educators for better understanding of how to protect young people and secure our future.
Dalecarlioceras bodense Frye 1987
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Oncoceratida
Oncoceratidae
Dalecarlioceras
Dalecarlioceras bodense

description: Dalecarlioceras bodense Frye, 1987
Fig. 34D–F
Dalecarlioceras bodense Frye, 1987: 90–92, fig. 5a–b.
Diagnosis
Rapidly enlarging, large Dalecarlioceras with compressed conch cross section; mature body chamber gibbous with maximum width and height at mid-length of ca 65–70 mm, aperture compressed, unconstricted with well-defined hyponomic sinus; mature body chamber in lateral view with straight dorsal profile and convex ventral side throughout its length; siphuncle small and situated close to the venter. (Adopted from Frye 1987.)
Material examined
ESTONIA • 1 spec.; Paluküla quarry; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 426-1099 • 1 spec.; Saaremõisa (Lyckholm); Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; TUG 1745-213.
Type locality and horizon
Kallholn, Dalarna, Sweden; Boda Limestone, latest Katian.
Description
The better-preserved of the two specimens is TUG 1745-213 (Fig. 34A–B); it is a mold of a complete mature body chamber and one chamber of the phragmocone. The specimen is slightly deformed. At the base of the body chamber, the conch height and width are 58 mm and 57 mm, respectively (CHI = 1.02). The cross section is nearly circular, with a slightly narrower margin on the prosiphuncular side. The length of the body chamber is 56 mm. In lateral view, the body chamber is nearly straight with convex margins on the pro- and antisiphuncular sides. Deformation during diagenesis has caused the antisiphuncular margin to be more curved than the prosiphuncular side. The greatest height is reached at ca mid-length of the body chamber with 66 mm. The peristome is slightly constricted with a height of 65 mm. The peristome is too poorly preserved to recognize the hyponomic sinus if present. At the base of the body chamber, traces of a thin, ca 5 mm wide, oncomyarian band of muscle-scars is preserved. The preserved chamber of the phragmocone is 5 mm long. The sutures are straight and directly transverse. The septal foramen is ca 1 mm distant from the conch margin and 6 mm in diameter (RSH = 0.09, RSP = 0.02).
The second specimen is a poorly preserved portion of a body chamber and one chamber of the phragmocone with a conch height of 60 mm at the base of the body chamber and a maximum height of 63 mm at the mid-length of the body chamber. The preserved length of the body chamber is 47 mm. The conch cross section of the specimen was apparently sub-circular.
Remarks
The two specimens described above can be assigned to D. bodense based on the similarities of the conch shape and dimensions with the types of this species.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on page 86, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Microlensing Search for Planets with Two Simultaneously Rising Suns
Creators: name: Han, Cheongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among more than 200 extrasolar planet candidates discovered to date, there is no known planet orbiting around normal binary stars. In this paper, we demonstrate that microlensing is a technique that can detect such planets. Microlensing discoveries of these planets are possible because the planet and host binary stars produce perturbations at a common region around center of mass of the binary stars and thus the signatures of both planet and binary can be detected in the light curves of high-magnification microlensing events. The ranges of the planetary and binary separations of systems for optimal detection vary depending on the planet mass. For a Jupiter-mass planet, we find that high detection efficiency is expected for planets located in the range of $\sim$ 1 AU -- 5 AU from the binary stars which are separated by $\sim$ 0.15 AU -- 0.5 AU
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
[Southern Sierra Miwok field notes]
Creators: name: Broadbent, Sylvia M.
name: Leemee, Chief
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: skd
subject: Southern Sierra Miwok language

description: First of 17 Miwok notebooks. Contains vocabulary: mostly nouns, some possessives, adjectival forms, numerals.
Socio-economic disparities and COVID-19 in the USA
Creators: name: Paul, Ayan
name: Englert, Philipp
name: Varga, Melinda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: COVID-19 is not a universal killer. We study the spread of COVID-19 at the county level for the United States up until the 15$^{th}$ of August, 2020. We show that the prevalence of the disease and the death rate are correlated with the local socio-economic conditions often going beyond local population density distributions, especially in rural areas. We correlate the COVID-19 prevalence and death rate with data from the US Census Bureau and point out how the spreading patterns of the disease show asymmetries in urban and rural areas separately and are preferentially affecting the counties where a large fraction of the population is non-white. Our findings can be used for more targeted policy building and deployment of resources for future occurrence of a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Our methodology, based on interpretable machine learning and game theory, can be extended to study the spread of other diseases.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures and 1 table
The Impact of Invasive Plants on the Recreational Value of Florida's Coastal, Freshwater and Upland Natural Areas
Creators: name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Lee, Donna J.
name: Bucaram, Santiago
name: Bwenge, Anafrida N.
name: Adams, Damian C.
name: Lee, Donna J.
name: Bucaram, Santiago
name: Bwenge, Anafrida N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study examines the impact of invasive plants on recreational activities on Florida's coastal, freshwater and upland natural areas using a multi-attribute utility (MAU) model. Six MAU surveys were electronically distributed to Florida residents in early 2007. We specified a conditional Logit model to estimate the relative weights associated with a change in Fees, Invasive Species, Native Animal Species, Native Plant Species, and Facilities. Using Fees as a payment vehicle, we estimate the average Florida resident's marginal willingness to pay for changes to attributes, including having fewer invasive plants and more positive attributes such as facilities and the presence of native animal and plant species. Florida residents have a marginal willingness to pay to reduce invasive plant species between $5.81 - 7.15, which is higher than their willingness to pay to improve park facilities or increase the abundance of native plants or animals.
The design and implementation of a VR gun controller
Creators: name: Rahimi, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Virtual Reality (VR) is a rapidly growing industry that is expanding towards creating new innovative experiences. Haptics plays a large role in virtual reality as it enhances player immersion, making the virtual world almost indistinguishable from the real. There exists a plethora of haptic controllers on the market today, each attempting to bridge the gap between the two worlds. Some haptic controllers require users to remain stationary, having leverage to exert a force. In this Thesis, the design’s primary focus is to provide tether-less, realistic haptic feedback in conjunction with the HTC Vive, by using a haptic firing system, emulating gun recoil. The design works together with the HTC Vive tracker to send data to the system, allowing the player to move freely.Furthermore, an STM32 microcontroller is used to manage several GPIO pins and to send packets of data to map and emulate an HTC Vive controller. The Vive tracker sends the data to the player’s head mounted display, updating the gaming environment in real time. The haptic system, driven by a gear train and a weighted spring shaft fires, simulating gun recoil for the player. The designed VR gun controller provides users with a simplistic, yet effective design, unlike overpriced gun controllers available on the market, that provide a similar experience.
Delving Deep into Label Smoothing
Creators: name: Zhang, Chang-Bin
name: Jiang, Peng-Tao
name: Hou, Qibin
name: Wei, Yunchao
name: Han, Qi
name: Li, Zhen
name: Cheng, Ming-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Label smoothing is an effective regularization tool for deep neural networks (DNNs), which generates soft labels by applying a weighted average between the uniform distribution and the hard label. It is often used to reduce the overfitting problem of training DNNs and further improve classification performance. In this paper, we aim to investigate how to generate more reliable soft labels. We present an Online Label Smoothing (OLS) strategy, which generates soft labels based on the statistics of the model prediction for the target category. The proposed OLS constructs a more reasonable probability distribution between the target categories and non-target categories to supervise DNNs. Experiments demonstrate that based on the same classification models, the proposed approach can effectively improve the classification performance on CIFAR-100, ImageNet, and fine-grained datasets. Additionally, the proposed method can significantly improve the robustness of DNN models to noisy labels compared to current label smoothing approaches.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 12 tables
The spectrum of gravitational waves in Randall-Sundrum braneworld cosmology
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation and evolution of gravitational waves (tensor perturbations) in the context of Randall-Sundrum braneworld cosmology. We assume that the initial and final stages of the background cosmological model are given by de Sitter and Minkowski phases, respectively, and they are connected smoothly by a radiation-dominated phase. This setup allows us to discuss the quantum-mechanical generation of the perturbations and to see the final amplitude of the well-defined zero mode. Using the Wronskian formulation, we numerically compute the power spectrum of gravitational waves, and find that the effect of initial vacuum fluctuations in the Kaluza-Klein modes is subdominant, contributing not more than 10% of the total power spectrum. Thus it is confirmed that the damping due to the Kaluza-Klein mode generation and the enhancement due to the modification of the background Friedmann equation are the two dominant effects, but they cancel each other, leading to the same spectral tilt as the standard four-dimensional result. Kaluza-Klein gravitons that escape from the brane contribute to the energy density of the dark radiation at late times. We show that a tiny amount of the dark radiation is generated due to this process.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; v2: published version
Tropical Arithmetic and Tropical Matrix Algebra
Creators: name: Izhakian, Zur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12J25, 14H20, 14M25, 14N10, 14H15, 11T06, 05A10

description: This paper introduces a new structure of commutative semiring, generalizing the tropical semiring, and having an arithmetic that modifies the standard tropical operations, i.e. summation and maximum. Although our framework is combinatorial, notions of regularity and invertibility arise naturally for matrices over this semiring; we show that a tropical matrix is invertible if and only if it is regular.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Marine Protected Areas as Fishery Policy: A Discussion of Potential Costs and Benefits
Creators: name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: renewable resources
subject: fisheries
subject: marine protected areas
subject: no-take zones

description: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are currently receiving considerable attention as a "new" tool to control overexploitation. Many advocates argue that MPAs will provide a plethora of benefits ranging from improved habitat to higher fish stocks with little costs. Fishermen argue, not surprisingly, that the costs resulting from closing areas could be significant and need to be considered in the debate. In this paper, a set of biological, industry, and management hypotheses drawn from the literature analyzing the effects of MPAs are discussed. In doing so, a framework is presented that can be used to assess the expected returns to society from investing in MPAs.
SiPM Dynamic Range for CEPC Scintillator-based Electromagnetic Calorimeter
Creators: name: Niu, Yazhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ahigh-granularity scintillator calorimeter readout with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is an electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) candidate for experiments at the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). A critical design parameter of this ECAL candidate is the dynamic range of the SiPMs. This study investigates the SiPM dynamic range required for the CEPC scintillator ECAL. A model is developed on the basis of the operation principles of SiPMs to describe the response of an SiPM to light pulses within one recovery period by considering the cross-talk effect, photon detection efficiency, and number of pixels. The response curve of a 10000-pixel SiPM predicted by the model is consistent with the measured curve within 2% for an incident light pulse of up to 12000 photons. The intrinsic fluctuations of the SiPM response naturally exist in this model, and the correction of the saturation effect in the SiPM response is investigated. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation shows that the algorithm can restore the response linearity of an SiPM for an incident light pulse in which the number of photons is up to around six times the number of SiPM pixels. The model and correction program are implemented for full simulation of the ZH production Z->vv, H->yy channel to evaluate the impact of the SiPM dynamic range of the CEPC scintillator ECAL on the reconstructed Higgs boson mass and the sensitivity to the Higgs signal in this channel. The results show that the CEPC scintillator ECAL equipped with no less than 4000 SiPM pixels and operated with a light yield of 20 photon-electrons per channel for a single minimum ionizing particle can meet the requirements for Higgs boson precision measurement in the di-photon channel at the CEPC.
Exploring the Universe with Dark Light Scalars
Creators: name: Jo, Bugeon
name: Kim, Hyeontae
name: Kim, Hyung Do
name: Shin, Chang Sub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmology of the dark sector consisting of (ultra) light scalars. Since the scalar mass is radiatively unstable, a special explanation is required to make the mass much smaller than the UV scale. There are two well-known mechanisms for the origin of scalar mass. The scalar can be identified as a pseudo-Goldstone boson, whose shift symmetry is explicitly broken by non-perturbative corrections, like the axion. Alternatively, it can be identified as a composite particle like the glueball, whose mass is limited by the confinement scale of the theory. In both cases, the scalar can be naturally light, but interaction behavior is quite different. The lighter the axion (glueball), the weaker (stronger) it interacts. We consider the dark axion whose shift symmetry is anomalously broken by the hidden non-abelian gauge symmetry. After the confinement of the gauge group, the dark axion and the dark glueball get masses and both form multicomponent dark matter. We carefully consider the effects of energy flow from the dark gluons to the dark axions and derive the full equations of motion for the background and the perturbed variables. The effect of the dark axion-dark gluon coupling on the evolution of the entropy and the isocurvature perturbations is also clarified. Finally, we discuss the gravo-thermal collapse of the glueball subcomponent dark matter after the halos form, in order to explore the potential to contribute to the formation of seeds for the supermassive black holes observed at high redshifts. With the simplified assumptions, the glueball subcomponent dark matter with the mass of $0.01-0.1 {\rm MeV}$, and the axion main dark matter component with the decay constant $f_a={\cal O}(10^{15}-10^{16}){\rm GeV}$, the mass of ${\cal O}(10^{-14}-10^{-18})\,{\rm eV}$, can provide the hint on the origin of the supermassive black holes at high redshifts.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, v2: references added, presentation improved, accepted for publication in PRD
[Shasta, Karuk, and Chumash field notes]
Creators: name: Bright, William
name: Levas, Mrs.
name: Starritt, Julia
name: Wix, Fred
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: kyh
subject: Karuk language
subject: sht
subject: Shasta language
subject: pwi
subject: Patwin language
subject: veo
subject: Ventureño language
subject: Chumashan language

description: Fourth of 4 notebooks, identified as "Book VI". Shasta and Ventureño Chumash vocabulary and Karuk texts. Brief ethnographic note related to Patwin on back cover.
Faster Policy Learning with Continuous-Time Gradients
Creators: name: Ainsworth, Samuel
name: Lowrey, Kendall
name: Thickstun, John
name: Harchaoui, Zaid
name: Srinivasa, Siddhartha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the estimation of policy gradients for continuous-time systems with known dynamics. By reframing policy learning in continuous-time, we show that it is possible construct a more efficient and accurate gradient estimator. The standard back-propagation through time estimator (BPTT) computes exact gradients for a crude discretization of the continuous-time system. In contrast, we approximate continuous-time gradients in the original system. With the explicit goal of estimating continuous-time gradients, we are able to discretize adaptively and construct a more efficient policy gradient estimator which we call the Continuous-Time Policy Gradient (CTPG). We show that replacing BPTT policy gradients with more efficient CTPG estimates results in faster and more robust learning in a variety of control tasks and simulators.
Overcoming Public Aversion to Congestion Pricing
Creators: name: Harrington, Winston
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Alberini, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: congestion
subject: HOT lanes
subject: freeways
subject: time-of-day pricing

description: Transportation authorities have consistently failed to employ economic incentives on major roadways--i.e. time-of-day pricing or "congestion fees"--to internalize the costs of congestion. In principle at least, such tolls can easily be shown to increase social welfare by making motorists pay something closer to the full social costs of their driving decisions. In addition, recent advances in electronics make it possible to implement such fees fairly cheaply and non-intrusively. While these same authorities generally understand and acknowledge the case for using congestion fees, they also claim that their use is politically infeasible because too many motorists would suffer large increases in commuting costs. This is the puzzle: If congestion tolls truly do advance social welfare, why is it so difficult to find a way to implement them? Two common explanations for this difficulty are the following: (i) The public perceives, or politicians fear that they would perceive, such fees simply as tax increases. If so, they might be responsive to an explicit promise to return the money in some way. (ii) Motorists dislike congestion fees because they find them coercive, in that they often have few if any practical alternatives to paying the fee. If so, then a policy option that offers motorists a choice of toll lanes and the more customary free lanes may be more attractive than a policy that policy of tolls on all lanes. We have completed a survey of Southern California residents designed to test these hypotheses. Unlike most opinion surveys on congestion pricing, our survey was quite explicit about the fate of the collected revenues. For example, we presented respondents with policies that returned a substantial portion of the revenues to the public, either in the form of cash (through reductions in sales taxes and vehicle registration fees or through income tax credits) or in the form of coupons to be used for vehicle emissions equipment repair, transit, and the like. In the past, most surveys have not been explicit about the revenues, or they have stated that revenue use was to be for improved highways, transit, or other public purposes. We find that a promise to offset the imposition of congestion fees by other taxes can result in a 7 percentage point increase in support for congestion pricing policies, and the restriction of congestion pricing to a single lane on a freeway attracts from 9 to 17 percentage points of additional support.
Lessing, E. / Paal, B. / Stadler, W., Die Botschaft Jesus
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 23 Nr. 1 (1974): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 23, Heft 1
Optical Stimulation and Recording Acquisition Software
Creators: name: Jeremy, Forest
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: whole optical electrophysiology, software

description: Electrophysiological recordings have traditionally been used in neuroscience to document the activities of neurons. In the last decade, optical imaging techniques have emerged as a viable alternative for examining dynamics of populations of neurons. The most recent development is a construct that permits not only recording at very high spatial, voltage, and temporal resolution but also stimulation of individual neurons completely with optical means. Thus, it is possible to record intracellular events completely non-invasively.
 This technique however requires several pieces of equipment, which includes a high frame rate camera, an infrared laser, a digital light processor, movable microscope stages, and data storage devices. To precisely coordinate these hardware, we developed a software that runs on a Python platform using a modular MVC (Model-View-Controller) approach and based on the PyQT framework. The software is an efficient cost-free alternative to expensive commercial frameworks and is an open source tool that can be readily modified by the scientific community to suit their needs.
description: recording here : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RJ1QGrF__c&t=683s
Thermodynamics at zero temperature: inequalities for the ground state of a quantum many-body system
Creators: name: Il'in, N.
name: Shpagina, E.
name: Lychkovskiy, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that for a single-component many-body system at zero temperature the inequality $E_{\rm int} \leq\, P\,V$ holds, where $E_{\rm int}$ is the interaction energy, $P$ is pressure and $V$ is volume. This inequality is proven under rather general assumptions with the use of Anderson-type bound relating ground state energies of systems with different numbers of particles. We also consider adding impurity particles to the system and derive inequalities on the chemical potential of the impurity and binding energy of the bound state of two impurities.
Construction Minerals in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area: A Land Management Analysis
Creators: name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Cummings, Amy Mcabee
name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Cummings, Amy Mcabee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: construction minerals
subject: aggregates
subject: land use planning
subject: Baltimore-Washington

description: The patchwork of government influences that shape the protection and management of construction mineral resources--sand, gravel, and crushed stone--includes statutes, regulations, guidance documents, and court decisions at the federal, state, and local level. Across the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area, both these influences and the experiences that the counties have had in managing construction mineral resources range widely. Our principal objective in this study is to discuss the mechanisms that counties use to manage such resources; the level and source of concern that local residents have with respect to construction mineral extraction operations; officials' perceptions about trends in the supply and demand for mineral resources; and the level of interest in protecting mineral resources for future exploitation. Our study rests principally on a review of federal, state, and local planning documents, two detailed case studies of counties active in construction mineral management, and structured telephone interviews of thirty-six local planning officials and state and federal agency staff.
Unifying the Concepts of Scattering and Structure Factor in Ordered and Disordered Samples
Creators: name: Li, Dingning
name: Zhang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering methods are widely used in many research areas to analyze and resolve material structures. Given the importance, a large number of full textbooks are devoted to this topic. However, technical details in experiments and disconnection between explanations from different perspectives often confuse and frustrate beginner students and researchers. To create an effective learning path, we review the core concepts about scattering and structure factor in this article in a self-contained way. Classical examples of scattering photography and spectroscopy are calculated. Sample CPU and GPU codes are provided to facilitate the understanding and application of these methods.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures
Do Interest Groups Compete?
Creators: name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: interest groups
subject: strategic competition
subject: empirical game theory
subject: endangered species

description: This paper conducts a test of the hypothesis that interest groups compete strategically for influence with a policy-making agency. It adapts econometric methodology from the empirical industrial organization literature that was designed to work with discrete game-theoretic models, and uses data on whether or not supporting and opposing interest groups submitted comments to the Fish and Wildlife Service about each of 173 proposals to add new species to the endangered species list. The results imply that groups do respond to variations in the expected costs and benefits of a listing when deciding whether to pressure the agency. There is no support, however, for the hypothesis that the levels of pressure exerted by the groups emerge from the Nash equilibrium of games with simultaneous moves and perfect information.
Implementing the Efficient Auction: Initial Results from the Lab
Creators: name: Margolis, Michael
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Margolis, Michael
name: Shogren, Jason F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: auction
subject: affiliation
subject: experiments
subject: valuation

description: The efficient auction is designed to induce truthful bidding for bidders with affiliated values. Herein we implement the auction in the lab, and observe that inexperienced people can bid systematically in this more complex environment, albeit yielding a flatter bid function than the truthful one.