cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analytic resurgence in the O(4) model
Creators: name: Bajnok, Zoltán
name: Balog, János
name: Vona, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the perturbative expansion of the ground state energy in the presence of an external field coupled to a conserved charge in the integrable two-dimensional O$(4)$ nonlinear sigma model. By solving Volin's algebraic equations for the perturbative coefficients we study the large order asymptotic behaviour of the perturbative series analytically. We confirm the previously numerically found leading behaviour and study the nearest singularities of the Borel transformed series and the associated alien derivatives. We find a 'resurgence' behaviour: the leading alien derivatives can be expressed in terms of the original perturbative series. A simplified 'toy' model is also considered: here the perturbative series can be found in a closed form and the resurgence properties are very similar to that found in the real problem.
description: 35 pages, LaTeX, no figures
Demonstration of a three-dimensional current mapping technique around a superconductor in a prototype of a conventional superconducting fault current limiter
Creators: name: Ali, Md. Arif
name: Banerjee, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we describe a three-dimensional current mapping technology developed for a superconductor using an array of Hall sensors distributed around it. We demonstrate this in a prototype similar to a conventional resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SCFCL). By calibrating the Hall sensor voltage, we can directly measure the distribution of the currents in the superconductor and the shunt. Using pulsed measurements, we measure the fractions of current distributed between the superconductor and shunt resistor parallel combination when a fault-like condition is mimicked in the system. Using the Hall array measurements, we generate a real-time three-dimensional map of local average current distribution around the superconductor used in our prototype of SCFCL. Our measurements show that, even for currents less than the critical current a non-uniform current flow pattern exists around the superconductor which we have used in the prototype. The capability of real-time, three-dimensional monitoring of the average local current distribution offers a way for the early detection of instabilities like hotspots developing in a superconductor. We discuss the use of this technique to not only show how it offers early detection and protection against instabilities developing in the superconductor, but also how it offers an added flexibility, namely, a user-settable fault current threshold.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Integrating the rebound effect: accurate predictors for upgrading domestic heating
Creators: name: Galvin, Ray
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry

description: One particular definition of the ‘rebound effect’ has won acceptance for its conceptual clarity and mathematical robustness: the energy efficiency elasticity of demand for energy services. This is formulated as a partial differential, and its structure enables transformations with price and energy elasticities. However, when considering heating energy efficiency upgrades of homes, the mathematical predictions can be unreliable because these upgrades involve large changes in efficiency, energy and energy services, whereas differential calculus only holds true for very small changes. This could be one reason why existing estimates of rebound effects are so diverse. This paper shows how this limitation can be remedied, using the German housing stock as a case study. A curve of consumption/efficiency for this stock is derived from empirical studies and, based on the mathematical definition of the rebound effect, a rebound effect relation is derived from this. This curve is then integrated over the likely ranges of energy efficiency upgrades that would correspond to the government's policy of reducing consumption by 80%. The model is found to be mathematically coherent, and suggests energy service rebounds of 28–39% for the German stock as a whole if the 80% goal is achieved.
title: T5 - Eco-systèmes pour la science ouverte et développement coopératif
Publisher: name: JDEV
Year: 2021

description: E-infrastructures de recherche (infra numérique et de données),   Environnement de Recherche Virtuel (ERV), communauté de recherche et de   développement. Quelles capitalisations des codes et des données? Quels   développements coopératifs et co-construction pour le développement des   e-infrastructures nationales ou internationales et leurs environnements   numériques associés. Comment utiliser ces ressources pour ses   développements dans les unités de recherche? Plus d'informations
Properties of High-Redshift GRBs
Creators: name: Fryer, Chris L.
name: Lien, Amy Y.
name: Fruchter, Andrew
name: Ghirlanda, Giancarlo
name: Hartmann, Dieter
name: Salvaterra, Ruben
name: Sanderbeck, Phoebe R. Upton
name: Johnson, Jarrett L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The immense power of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) make them ideal probes of the early universe. By using absorption lines in the afterglows of high-redshift GRBs, astronomers can study the evolution of metals in the early universe. With an understanding of the nature of GRB progenitors, the rate and properties of GRBs observed at high redshift can probe the star formation history and the initial mass function of stars at high redshift. This paper presents a detailed study of the metallicity- and mass-dependence of the properties of long-duration GRBs under the black-hole accretion disk paradigm to predict the evolution of these properties with redshift. These models are calibrated on the current GRB observations and then used to make predictions for new observations and new missions (e.g. the proposed Gamow mission) studying high-redshift GRBs.
description: 21 pages, 20 figures, submitted to ApJ
Kinetic heating by Alfvén waves in magnetic shears
Creators: name: Bacchini, Fabio
name: Pucci, Francesco
name: Malara, Francesco
name: Lapenta, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With first-principles kinetic simulations, we show that a large-scale Alfvén wave (AW) propagating in an inhomogeneous background decays into kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs), triggering ion and electron energization. We demonstrate that the two species can access unequal amounts of the initial AW energy, experiencing differential heating. During the decay process, the electric field carried by KAWs produces non-Maxwellian features in the particle VDFs, in accordance with space observations. The process we present solely requires the interaction of a large-scale AW with a magnetic shear and may be relevant for several astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
description: Accepted in PRL
Force and torque-free helical tail robot to study low Reynolds number microorganism swimming
Creators: name: Das, Asimanshu
name: Styslinger, Matthew
name: Harris, Daniel M.
name: Zenit, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helical propulsion is used by many microorganisms to swim in viscous-dominated environments. Their swimming dynamics are relatively well understood, but detailed study of the flow fields and actuation mechanisms are still needed to realize wall effects and hydrodynamic interactions. In this letter, we describe the development of an autonomous swimming robot with a helical tail that operates in the Stokes regime. The device uses a battery-based power system with a miniature motor that imposes a rotational speed to a helical tail. The speed, direction, and activation are controlled electronically using an infrared remote control. Since the robot is about 5 centimeters long, we use highly viscous fluids to match the Reynolds number to be $\text{Re} \lessapprox 0.1$. Measurements of swimming speeds are conducted for a range of helical wavelengths, $λ$, head geometries and rotation rates, $ω$. We provide comparisons of the experimental measurements with analytical predictions derived from resistive force theory. This force and torque-free neutrally-buoyant swimmer mimics the swimming strategy of bacteria more closely than previously used designs and offers a lot of potential for future applications.
Anisotropy of phase transition gravitational wave and its implication for primordial seeds of the Universe
Creators: name: Li, Yongping
name: Huang, Fa Peng
name: Wang, Xiao
name: Zhang, Xinmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantitatively study how the primordial density fluctuations are imprinted on the anisotropy of the phase transition gravitational wave (PTGW). Generated long before recombination and free from Silk damping, the anisotropic PTGW might reveal the density perturbation seeded from inflation or alternatives. We find new behaviors of the PTGW anisotropy power spectrum. The PTGW anisotropy is stronger than the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background temperature at all scales, and the high-$\ell$ multiples are enhanced about 1 order due to the early integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. Furthermore, differences in primordial power spectra at small scales manifest themselves more significantly on the angular power spectrum of PTGW anisotropy compared to that of the cosmic microwave background. These properties might provide a novel clue to understanding the primordial density perturbation of our early Universe and thereby complete our understanding of inflation theory. Taking nanohertz PTGW from dark matter models as a typical example, we obtain amplitudes of PTGW anisotropy which are about 4 or 3 orders weaker than the isotropic PTGW energy spectra.
description: Published version in Physical Review D, 7 pages, 3 figures
Early ovariectomy reveals the non-somatic origin of murine anti-A-reactive IgM reflecting developmental malignancy.
Creators: name: Arend, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Medicine
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Zoology
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: Structural Biology
subject: Stem Cells
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics

description: The germline encoding of a non-immune immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecule in mammals was experimentally documented for the first time as a result of the specifically timed ovariectomy of C57BL/10 mice. The target of this innate antibody involves a trans-species developmental antigen that signifies malignancy when expressed in any non-developmental tissue. Although ovariectomy and castration result in uncontrolled and/or enhanced humoral and cellular immunity involving increased weights of the spleen and thymus with pronounced B and T cell production, the development of mercaptoethanol-sensitive, complement-binding, non-immune anti-A reactivity in murine plasma was not enhanced after an ovariectomy that was performed in C57BL/10 mice prior to the onset of puberty. This non-immune murine anti-A, which is complementary to the trans-species, syngeneic ovarian GalNAc-glycan-bearing glycolipids and distinct from the cross-reactive adaptive anti-A antibody, was strongly downregulated or did not appear in plasma of animals ovariectomized at the age of 20 days. Thus, contrary to our previous view, this reactivity is unlikely to originate from a somatic, primary immune or autoimmune response. All of the murine tissues expressed the species-specific Forssman reactivity, and further A-like structures were identified in the male and female reproductive and endodermal organs by reaction with innate human anti-A antibody, while the murine anti-A was exclusively inhibited by syngeneic ovarian glycolipids. Moreover, the early ovarian tissue, which represents a last evolutionary and/or developmental location, showed a developmental polymorphism characterized by reactivity to the lectin from Dolichos biflorus and the agglutinin from Helix pomatia indicating the functional involvement of the O-GalNAc-determined mucin-type A-like, Tn- and Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) epitopes that signify malignancy when accumulated and expressed in non-developmental tissues.
Opinion dynamics: Public and private
Creators: name: Roy, Subhadeep
name: Biswas, Soumyajyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study here the dynamics of opinion formation in a society where we take into account of the internally held beliefs and externally expressed opinions of the individuals, which are not necessarily the same at all times. While these two components can influence one another, their difference, both in dynamics and in the steady state, poses interesting scenarios in terms of the transition to consensus in the society and characterizations of such consensus. Here we study this public and private opinion dynamics and the critical behavior of the consensus forming transitions, using a kinetic exchange model.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
Sensibilidad in vitro a amoxicilina y claritromicina de Helicobacter pylori obtenido de biopsias gástricas de pacientes en zona de bajo riesgo para cáncer gástrico
Creators: name: Registro Poblacional De Cancer De Cali Universidad Del Valle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Medicine

description: Sensibilidad in vitro a amoxicilina y claritromicina de Helicobacter pylori obtenido de biopsias gástricas de pacientes en zona de bajo riesgo para cáncer gástrico
Phylogeographic origin of Helicobacter pylori is associated with eosinophilic infiltration of the gastric mucosa
Creators: name: Registro Poblacional De Cancer De Cali Universidad Del Valle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Phylogeographic origin of Helicobacter pylori is associated with eosinophilic infiltration of the gastric mucosa.
Dynamic fracture of a bicontinuously nanostructured copolymer: A deep-learning analysis of big-data-generating experiment
Creators: name: Jin, Hanxun
name: Jiao, Tong
name: Clifton, Rodney J.
name: Kim, Kyung-Suk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Here, we report measurements of detailed dynamic cohesive properties (DCPs) beyond the dynamic fracture toughness of a bicontinuously nanostructured copolymer, polyurea, under an extremely loading rate, from deep-learning analyses of a dynamic big-data-generating experiment. We first describe a new Dynamic Line-Image Shearing Interferometer (DL-ISI), which uses a streak camera to record optical fringes of displacement-gradient vs time profile along a line on sample's rear surface. This system enables us to detect crack initiation and growth processes in plate-impact experiments. Then, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep-learning framework, trained by extensive finite-element simulations, that inversely determines the accurate DCPs from the DL-ISI fringe images. For the measurements, plate-impact experiments were performed on a set of samples with a mid-plane crack. A Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) was employed first to reconstruct missing DL-ISI fringes with recorded partial DL-ISI fringes. Then, the CNN and a correlation method were applied to the fully reconstructed fringes to get the dynamic fracture toughness, 12.1kJ/m^2, cohesive strength, 302 MPa, and maximum cohesive separation, 80.5 um, within 0.4%, 2.7%, and 2.2% differences, respectively. For the first time, the DCPs of polyurea have been successfully obtained by the DL-ISI with the pre-trained CNN and correlation analyses of cGAN-reconstructed data sets. The dynamic cohesive strength is found to be nearly three times higher than the dynamic-failure-initiation strength. The high dynamic fracture toughness is found to stem from both high dynamic cohesive strength and high ductility of the dynamic cohesive separation.
description: Submitted for Review in Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids (JMPS)
Dephasing-enhanced performance in quasiperiodic thermal machines
Creators: name: Chiaracane, Cecilia
name: Purkayastha, Archak
name: Mitchison, Mark T.
name: Goold, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding and controlling quantum transport in low-dimensional systems is pivotal for heat management at the nanoscale. One promising strategy to obtain the desired transport properties is to engineer particular spectral structures. In this work we are interested in quasiperiodic disorder - incommensurate with the underlying periodicity of the lattice - which induces fractality in the energy spectrum. A well known example is the Fibonacci model which, despite being non-interacting, yields anomalous diffusion with a continuously varying dynamical exponent smoothly crossing over from superdiffusive to subdiffusive regime as a function of potential strength. We study the finite-temperature electric and heat transport of this model in linear response in the absence and in the presence of dephasing noise due to inelastic scattering. The dephasing causes both thermal and electric transport to become diffusive, thereby making thermal and electrical conductivities finite in the thermodynamic limit. Thus, in the subdiffusive regime it leads to enhancement of transport. We find that the thermal and electric conductivities have multiple peaks as a function of dephasing strength. Remarkably, we observe that the thermal and electrical conductivities are not proportional to each other, a clear violation of Wiedemann-Franz law, and the position of their maxima can differ. We argue that this feature can be utilized to enhance performance of quantum thermal machines. In particular, we show that by tuning the strength of the dephasing noise we can enhance the performance of the device in regimes where it acts as an autonomous refrigerator.
Can non-local conductance spectra conclusively signal Majorana zero modes? -- Insights from von Neumann entropy
Creators: name: Kejriwal, Abhishek
name: Muralidharan, Bhaskaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological origin of the zero bias conductance signatures obtained via conductance spectroscopy in topological superconductor hybrid systems is a much contended issue. Recently, non-local conductance signatures that exploit the non-locality of the zero modes in three terminal hybrid setups have been proposed as means to ascertain the definitive presence of Majorana modes. The topological entanglement entropy, which is based on the von Neumann entropy, is yet another way to gauge the non-locality in connection with the bulk-boundary correspondence of a topological phase. We show that while both the entanglement entropy and the non-local conductance exhibit a clear topological phase transition signature for long enough pristine nanowires, non-local conductance fails to signal a topological phase transition for shorter disordered wires. While recent experiments have indeed shown premature gap-closure signatures in the non-local conductance spectra, we believe that the entanglement entropy can indeed signal a genuine transition, regardless of the constituent non-idealities in an experimental situation. Our results thereby point toward furthering the development of experimental techniques beyond conductance measurements to achieve a conclusive detection of Majorana zero modes.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, supplementary material included, comments welcome
CESSDA SaW D1.3: 2nd Period Administrative Report
Creators: name: Milon, Jean-Baptiste
name: Ilijasic Versic, Ivana
name: Krejci, Jindrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Project Management

description: The 2nd Periodic Administrative Report informs about the use of resources and financial management of the CESSDA SAW project in the second administrative period of the project - M9 to M16. Each participant in the project (beneficiary and linked third party) produced a definitive statement of used resources by the end of the first reporting period. It also serves as the first documentation of mechanisms and tools (e.g. spreadsheet on PM expenditure, and Use of Resources document) used for the financial and administrative coordination of the project. It defines the current status of each partner’s project related finances and administrative activities and gives overview of the future planned expenses over the course of the project.
Graph Neural Networks Accelerated Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Li, Zijie
name: Meidani, Kazem
name: Yadav, Prakarsh
name: Farimani, Amir Barati
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is a powerful tool for understanding the dynamics and structure of matter. Since the resolution of MD is atomic-scale, achieving long time-scale simulations with femtosecond integration is very expensive. In each MD step, numerous iterative computations are performed to calculate energy based on different types of interaction and their corresponding spatial gradients. These repetitive computations can be learned and surrogated by a deep learning model like a Graph Neural Network (GNN). In this work, we developed a GNN Accelerated Molecular Dynamics (GAMD) model that directly predicts forces given the state of the system (atom positions, atom types), bypassing the evaluation of potential energy. By training the GNN on a variety of data sources (simulation data derived from classical MD and density functional theory), we show that GAMD can predict the dynamics of two typical molecular systems, Lennard-Jones system and Water system, in the NVT ensemble with velocities regulated by a thermostat. We further show that GAMD's learning and inference are agnostic to the scale, where it can scale to much larger systems at test time. We also perform a comprehensive benchmark test comparing our implementation of GAMD to production-level MD softwares, showing GAMD's competitive performance on the large-scale simulation.
description: preprint
CMASS galaxy sample and the ontological status of the cosmological principle
Creators: name: Kim, Yigon
name: Park, Chan-Gyung
name: Noh, Hyerim
name: Hwang, Jai-chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological principle (CP), assuming spatially homogeneous and isotropic background geometry in the cosmological scale, is a fundamental assumption in modern cosmology. Recent observations of the galaxy redshift survey provide relevant data to confront the principle with observation. We present a homogeneity test for the matter distribution using the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample and clarify the ontological status of the CP. As a homogeneity criterion, we compare the observed data with similarly constructed random distributions using the number count in the truncated cones method. Comparisons are also made with three theoretical results using the same method: (i) the dark matter halo mock catalogs from the N-body simulation, (ii) the log-normal distributions derived from the theoretical matter power spectrum, and (iii) direct estimation from the theoretical power spectrum. We show that the observed distribution is statistically impossible as a random distribution up to 300 Mpc/h in radius, which is around the largest statistically available scale. However, comparisons with the three theoretical results show that the observed distribution is consistent with these theoretically derived results based on the CP. We show that the observed galaxy distribution (light) and the simulated dark matter distribution (matter) are quite inhomogeneous even on a large scale. Here, we clarify that there is no inconsistency surrounding the ontological status of the CP in cosmology. In practice, the CP is applied to the metric and the metric fluctuation is extremely small in all cosmological scales. This allows the CP to be valid as the averaged background in metric. The matter fluctuation, however, is decoupled from the small nature of metric fluctuation in the subhorizon scale. What is directly related to the matter in Einstein's gravity is the curvature, a quadratic derivative of the metric.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
A population of luminous globular clusters and stripped nuclei with elevated mass to light ratios around NGC 5128
Creators: name: Dumont, Antoine
name: Seth, Anil C.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Voggel, Karina
name: Sand, David J.
name: Hughes, Allison K.
name: Caldwell, Nelson
name: Cronjević, Denja
name: Mateo, Mario
name: Bailey, John I.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dense central regions of tidally disrupted galaxies can survive as ultra-compact dwarfs (UCDs) that hide among the luminous globular clusters (GCs) in the halo of massive galaxies. An exciting confirmation of this model is the detection of overmassive black holes in the centers of some UCDs, which also lead to elevated dynamical mass-to-light ratios ($M/L_{dyn}$). Here we present new high-resolution spectroscopic observations of 321 luminous GC candidates in the massive galaxy NGC 5128/Centaurus A. Using these data we confirm 27 new luminous GCs, and measure velocity dispersions for 57 luminous GCs (with $g$-band luminosities between $2.5 \times 10^5$ and $2.5 \times 10^7 L_{\odot}$), of which 48 are new measurements. Combining these data with size measurements from Gaia, we determine the $M/L_{dyn}$ for all 57 luminous GCs. We see a clear bimodality in the $M/L_{dyn}$ distribution, with a population of normal GCs with mean $M/L_{dyn}=1.51\pm0.31$, and a second population of $\sim$20 GCs with elevated mean $M/L_{dyn}=2.68\pm0.22$. We show that black holes with masses $\sim4$-18 % of the luminous GCs can explain the elevated mass-to-light ratios. Hence, it is plausible that the NGC 5128 sources with elevated $M/L_{dyn}$ are mostly stripped galaxy nuclei that contain massive central black holes, though future high spatial resolution observations are necessary to confirm this hypothesis for individual sources. We also present a detailed discussion of an extreme outlier, \textit{VHH81-01}, one of the largest and most massive GC in NGC 5128, making it an exceptionally strong candidate to be a tidally stripped nucleus.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Predictors of Success of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in a Multicentric Randomized Clinical Trial (SWOG S0701) in Latin America
Creators: name: Registro Poblacional De Cancer De Cali Universidad Del Valle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Medicine

description: Predictors of Success of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in a Multicentric Randomized Clinical Trial (SWOG S0701) in Latin America
Uncovering the Size of the Illegal Corporate Service Provider Industry in the Netherlands: a Network Approach
Creators: name: Garcia-Bernardo, Javier
name: Witteman, Joost
name: Vlaanderen, Marilou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Economic crimes such as money laundering, terrorism financing, tax evasion or corruption almost invariably involve the use of a corporate entity. Such entities are regularly incorporated and managed by corporate services providers (CSPs). Given this potential for enabling economic crime, the CSP industry in the Netherlands is heavily regulated and CSPs require a license to operate. Operating without a licence is illegal. In this paper, we estimate the size of the illegal CSP sector in the Netherlands. For this, we develop a classification method to detect potentially illegal CSPs based on their similarity with licensed CSPs. Similarity is computed based on their position within the network of directors, companies and addresses, and the characteristics of such entities. We manually annotate a sample of the potential illegal CSPs and estimate that illegal CSPs constitute 31--51\% of the total number of CSPs and manage 19--27\% of all companies managed by CSPs. Our analysis provides a tool to regulators to improve detection and prevention of economic crime, and can be extended to the estimation of other illegal activities.
Thermodynamic Constraints on Quantum Information Gain and Error Correction: A Triple Trade-Off
Creators: name: Danageozian, Arshag
name: Wilde, Mark M.
name: Buscemi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction (QEC) is a procedure by which the quantum state of a system is protected against a known type of noise, by preemptively adding redundancy to that state. Such a procedure is commonly used in quantum computing when thermal noise is present. Interestingly, thermal noise has also been known to play a central role in quantum thermodynamics (QTD). This fact hints at the applicability of certain QTD statements in the QEC of thermal noise, which has been discussed previously in the context of Maxwell's demon. In this article, we view QEC as a quantum heat engine with a feedback controller (i.e., a demon). We derive an upper bound on the measurement heat dissipated during the error-identification stage in terms of the Groenewold information gain, thereby providing the latter with a physical meaning also when it is negative. Further, we derive the second law of thermodynamics in the context of this QEC engine, operating with general quantum measurements. Finally, we show that, under a set of physically motivated assumptions, this leads to a fundamental triple trade-off relation, which implies a trade-off between the maximum achievable fidelity of QEC and the super-Carnot efficiency that heat engines with feedback controllers have been known to possess. A similar trade-off relation occurs for the thermodynamic efficiency of the QEC engine and the efficacy of the quantum measurement used for error identification.
Non-local and local temporal cavity soliton interaction in delay models of mode-locked lasers
Creators: name: Vladimirov, Andrei G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abstract Interaction equations governing slow time evolution of the coordinates and phases of two interacting temporal cavity solitons in a delay differential equation model of a nonlinear mirror mode-locked laser are derived and analyzed. It is shown that non-local pulse interaction due to gain depletion and recovery can lead either to a development of harmonic mode-locking regime, or to a formation of closely packed incoherent soliton bound state with weakly oscillating intersoliton time separation. Local interaction via electric field tails can result in an anti-phase or in-phase stationary and breathing harmonic mode-locking regimes.
description: 5 figures
Non-invasive genotyping of Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA, and hopQ from asymptomatic children
Creators: name: Registro Poblacional De Cancer De Cali Universidad Del Valle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Medicine

description: Non-invasive genotyping of Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA, and hopQ from asymptomatic children
First application of mass measurement with the Rare-RI Ring reveals the solar r-process abundance trend at A=122 and A=123
Creators: name: Li, H. F.
name: Naimi, S.
name: Sprouse, T. M.
name: Mumpower, M. R.
name: Abe, Y.
name: Yamaguchi, Y.
name: Nagae, D.
name: Suzaki, F.
name: Wakasugi, M.
name: Arakawa, H.
name: Dou, W. B.
name: Hamakawa, D.
name: Hosoi, S.
name: Inada, Y.
name: Kajiki, D.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Sakaue, M.
name: Yokoda, Y.
name: Yamaguchi, T.
name: Kagesawa, R.
name: Kamioka, D.
name: Moriguchi, T.
name: Mukai, M.
name: Ozawa, A.
name: Ota, S.
name: Kitamura, N.
name: Masuoka, S.
name: Michimasa, S.
name: Baba, H.
name: Fukuda, N.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Suzuki, H.
name: Takeda, H.
name: Ahn, D. S.
name: Wang, M.
name: Fu, C. Y.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Suzuki, S.
name: Ge, Z.
name: Litvinov, Yu. A.
name: Lorusso, G.
name: Walker, P. M.
name: Podolyak, Zs.
name: Uesaka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rare-RI Ring (R3) is a recently commissioned cyclotron-like storage ring mass spectrometer dedicated to mass measurements of exotic nuclei far from stability at Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) in RIKEN. The first application of mass measurement using the R3 mass spectrometer at RIBF is reported. Rare isotopes produced at RIBF, $^{127}$Sn, $^{126}$In, $^{125}$Cd, $^{124}$Ag, $^{123}$Pd, were injected in R3. Masses of $^{126}$In, $^{125}$Cd, and $^{123}$Pd were measured whereby the mass uncertainty of $^{123}$Pd was improved. This is the first reported measurement with a new storage ring mass spectrometery technique realized at a heavy-ion cyclotron and employing individual injection of the pre-identified rare nuclei. The latter is essential for the future mass measurements of the rarest isotopes produced at RIBF. The impact of the new $^{123}$Pd result on the solar $r$-process abundances in a neutron star merger event is investigated by performing reaction network calculations of 20 trajectories with varying electron fraction $Y_e$. It is found that the neutron capture cross section on $^{123}$Pd increases by a factor of 2.2 and $β$-delayed neutron emission probability, $P_\mathrm{1n}$, of $^{123}$Rh increases by 14\%. The neutron capture cross section on $^{122}$Pd decreases by a factor of 2.6 leading to pileup of material at $A=122$, thus reproducing the trend of the solar $r$-process abundances. The trend of the two-neutron separation energies (S$_\mathrm{2n}$) was investigated for the Pd isotopic chain. The new mass measurement with improved uncertainty excludes large changes of the S$_\mathrm{2n}$ value at $N=77$. Such large increase of the S$_\mathrm{2n}$ values before $N=82$ was proposed as an alternative to the quenching of the $N=82$ shell gap to reproduce $r$-process abundances in the mass region of $A=112-124$.
Coupling of electronic and structural degrees of freedom in vanadate superlattices
Creators: name: Radhakrishnan, P.
name: Geisler, B.
name: Fürsich, K.
name: Putzky, D.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Christiani, G.
name: Logvenov, G.
name: Wochner, P.
name: van Aken, P. A.
name: Pentcheva, R.
name: Benckiser, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterostructuring provides different ways to manipulate the orbital degrees of freedom and to tailor orbital occupations in transition metal oxides. However, the reliable prediction of these modifications remains a challenge. Here, we present a detailed investigation of the relationship between the crystal and electronic structure in YVO$_3$-LaAlO$_3$ superlattices by combining ab initio theory, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Density functional theory simulations including an on-site Coulomb repulsion term, accurately predict the crystal structure and in conjunction with x-ray diffraction, provide an explanation for the lifting of degeneracy of the vanadium $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals, that was recently observed in this system. In addition, we unravel the combined effects of electronic confinement and octahedral connectivity by disentangling their impact from that of epitaxial strain. Our results demonstrate that the specific orientation of the substrate and the thickness of the YVO$_3$ slabs in the multilayer, can be utilized to reliably engineer orbital polarization.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Epidemiological surveillance of the HIV/AIDS complex through the analysis of trends in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Cali, Colombia
Creators: name: Registro Poblacional De Cancer De Cali Universidad Del Valle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Medicine

description: Epidemiological surveillance of the HIV/AIDS complex through the analysis of trends in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Cali, Colombia
Data and Big Data in the Sciences
Creators: name: Canali, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: big data
philosophy
digitization
research
education

description: The phrases ‘big data’ is increasingly present in the public sphere, in connection with a certain rhetoric associating increasing volumes of data with revolutionary changes. In this context, the sciences are often mentioned as examples of this revolution. But are the sciences actually undergoing a big data revolution? Why is scientific (big) data something that we should care about? And why should we discuss data from a philosophical standpoint?
A rigorous derivation and energetics of a wave equation with fractional damping
Creators: name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Zendehroud, Sina
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Bulk-interface coupling
subject: surface waves
subject: energy-dissipation balance
subject: fractional derivatives
subject: convergence of semigroups
subject: parabolic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map
subject: dispersion relation
subject: damping of order 3/2
subject: 35Q35
subject: 35Q74
subject: 35R11
subject: 74J15
subject: 74K15

description: We consider a linear system that consists of a linear wave equation on a horizontal hypersurface and a parabolic equation in the half space below. The model describes longitudinal elastic waves in organic monolayers at the water-air interface, which is an experimental setup that is relevant for understanding wave propagation in biological membranes. We study the scaling regime where the relevant horizontal length scale is much larger than the vertical length scale and provide a rigorous limit leading to a fractionally-damped wave equation for the membrane. We provide the associated existence results via linear semigroup theory and show convergence of the solutions in the scaling limit. Moreover, based on the energy-dissipation structure for the full model, we derive a natural energy and a natural dissipation function for the fractionally-damped wave equation with a time derivative of order 3/2.
Generalised Hydrodynamics of Particle Creation and Decay
Creators: name: Castro-Alvaredo, Olalla A.
name: De Fazio, Cecilia
name: Doyon, Benjamin
name: Ziółkowska, Aleksandra A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unstable particles rarely feature in conjunction with integrability in 1+1D quantum field theory. However, the family of homogenous sine-Gordon models provides a rare example where both stable and unstable bound states are present in the spectrum whilst the scattering matrix is diagonal and solves the usual bootstrap equations. In the standard scattering picture, unstable particles result from complex poles of the $S$-matrix located in the unphysical sheet of rapidity space. Since they are not part of the asymptotic spectrum, their presence is only felt through the effect they have on physical quantities associated either to the theory as a whole (i.e.~scaling functions, correlation functions) or to the stable particles themselves (i.e.~energy/particle density). In two recent publications, the effect of unstable particles in different out-of-equilibrium settings has been studied. It has been shown that their presence is associated with specific signatures in many quantities of physical interest. A good way to select those quantities is to adopt the generalised hydrodynamic approach and to consider the effective velocities and particle densities of the stable particles in the theory. For an initial state given by a spacial gaussian profile of temperatures peaked at the origin, time evolution gives rise to particle and spectral particle densities that exhibit hallmarks of the creation and decay of unstable particles. While these signatures have been observed numerically elsewhere, this paper explores their quantitative and qualitative dependence on the parameters of the problem. We also consider other initial states characterised by "inverted gaussian" and "double gaussian" temperature profiles.
description: 37 pages, 20 figures and 14 tables
Ambi-chiral anomalous Hall effect in magnetically doped topological insulators
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Zang, Yunyi
name: Gong, Yan
name: He, Ke
name: Ma, Xucun
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
name: Wang, Yayu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chirality associated with broken time reversal symmetry in magnetically doped topological insulators has important implications to the quantum transport phenomena. Here we report the anomalous Hall effect studies in Mn- and Cr-doped Bi$_2$Te$_3$ topological insulators with varied thickness and doping content. By tracing the chirality of the Hall loops, we find that the Mn-type anomalous Hall effect with clockwise chirality is strengthened by the reduction of film thickness, which is opposite to that of the Cr-type anomalous Hall effect with counterclockwise chirality. We provide a phenomenological model to explain the evolution of magnetic order and anomalous Hall effect chirality in magnetically doped topological insulators.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Extreme many-body scarring in a quantum spin chain via weak dynamical constraints
Creators: name: Dooley, Shane
name: Kells, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been established that quantum many-body scarring can prevent the thermalisation of some isolated quantum systems, starting from certain initial states. One of the first models to show this was the so-called PXP Hamiltonian, which was used to theoretically model an experiment on a chain of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. A defining feature of the PXP Hamiltonian is a set of dynamical constraints that make certain states inaccessible to the dynamics. In this paper we construct a class of spin chain models that are parameterised by a discrete variable $\ell$ that controls the "strength" of a dynamical constraint. We show that by increasing $\ell$ the constraint becomes weaker, in the sense that fewer states are excluded from the dynamics. The PXP Hamiltonian is special case for $\ell = 2$. By weakening the constraint to $\ell \geq 4$, however, we find a more extreme version of quantum scarring than in the PXP Hamiltonian, with the number of scar states growing exponentially in the system size.
description: 6 + 3 pages
Analysis of Helicobacter pylori cagA promoter elements required for salt-induced upregulation of CagA expression
Creators: name: Registro Poblacional De Cancer De Cali Universidad Del Valle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Analysis of Helicobacter pylori cagA promoter elements required for salt-induced upregulation of CagA expression
Experimentally Validated Multiphysics Modeling of Fracture Induced by Thermal Shocks in Sintered UO2 Pellets
Creators: name: McClenny, Levi D.
name: Butt, Moiz I.
name: Abdoelatef, M. Gomaa
name: Pate, Michal J.
name: Yee, Kay L.
name: Rajendran, Harikrishnan
name: Perez-Nunez, Delia
name: Jiang, Wen
name: Ortega, Luis H.
name: McDeavitt, Sean M.
name: Ahmed, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Commercial nuclear power plants extensively rely on fission energy from uranium dioxide (UO2) fuel pellets that provide thermal energy; consequently, generating carbon-free power in current generation reactors. UO2 fuel incurs damage and fractures during operation due to large thermal gradients that develop across the fuel pellet during normal operation. The underlying mechanisms by which these processes take place are still poorly understood. This work is a part of our combined experimental and computational effort for quantifying the UO2 fuel fracture behavior induced by thermal shock. In this work, we describe an experimental study performed to understand the fuel fracturing behavior of sintered powder UO2 pellets when exposed to thermal shock conditions, as well as a multiphysics phase-field fracture model which accurately predicts the experimental results. Parametric studies and sensitivity analysis are used to assess uncertainty. Experimental data was collected from multiple experiments by exposing UO2 pellets to high-temperature conditions (900-1200C), which are subsequently quenched in sub-zero water. We exhibit that the fracture results gathered in the experimental setting can be consistently recreated by this work phase-field fracture model, demonstrating a reliable ability to our model in simulating the thermal shock gradients and subsequent fracture mechanics in the primary fuel source for Light-Water Reactors (LWRs). This model advanced the fundamental understanding of thermal shock and property correlations to advance utilization of UO2 as a fuel for nuclear reactors.
description: Submitted to Journal of Nuclear Materials, in review