cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Silicon Oxide as Wide Band Gap Absorber Layer for Multijunction Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Delli Veneri, P.
name: Mercaldo, L.V.
name: Usatii, I.
name: Bobeico, E.
name: Esposito, E.M.
name: Russo, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1634-1637
description: In this paper we report on the properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiOx:H)
deposited by VHF-PECVD at 40 MHz and we discuss the results on the application of this material as absorber layer
in single junction p-i-n solar cells. The films have been grown with a mixture of silane (SiH4), hydrogen (H2), and
carbon dioxide (CO2) with different values of H2 and CO2 flow rate. Optical bandgap, dark conductivity, and photo
conductivity of the a-SiOx:H films have been investigated as a function of the different deposition parameters. The
material potentialities as absorber layer in solar cells have been tested by fabricating p-i-n type devices with 150 nm
thick a-SiOx:H absorber material on commercial Asahi VU-type substrate. Open circuit voltage values up to 950 mV
have been obtained with no buffer layer at the p-i interface, whereas low fill factor values, around 50%, have been
observed, likely caused by the properties of the doped layers optimized for standard a-Si:H intrinsic material. Further
experiments are underway to optimize the doped layers for this new class of wide bandgap absorbers.
Fabrication and Characterization of 10% Ultra-Thin Heterojunction Film c-Si Solar Cell on Low Temperature Glass
Creators: name: Li, H.
name: Li, G.
name: Ho, J.
name: Wong, M.
name: Kwok, H.S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1628-1630
description: High quality material such as Crystalline Si is required to enhance the efficiency of Si thin film
solar cell on cheap substrate to ameliorate device performance degradation. In this work we developed a
heterojunction ultra-thin film crystalline Silicon on low temperature glass for the first time. Both N-type wafer
and SOI wafer were heavily Phosphorus doped on the front side surface before they were bonded onto glasses.
Then after grinding and etching to less than 15 μm, Boron doped a-Si was deposited on these two samples.
Eventually efficiency of 6.5% and 10% were obtained respectively and the highest temperature of the glass
transferring process is up to 360°C.
Studies on Stability of Amorphous Silicon PV Modules by Field Dark I-V Measurements
Creators: name: Roldán, R.
name: Asensi, J.M.
name: Bertomeu, J.
name: Andreu, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1642-1645
description: The effect of metastability in the seasonal behavior of amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic
modules is investigated by a detailed analysis of the yearly evolution of their electrical characteristics. To this end, in
addition to the monitoring of daily module performance, the dark I-V curve has been systematically measured at
night (special precautions to avoid the residual illumination have been taken). The combined analysis of the dark I-V
curves measured at night and the daily Isc-Voc curves clearly shows the seasonal change in the state of the module.
Composition of OPV Test Module and Examination of Reliability of OPV Test Module
Creators: name: Morita, H.
name: Miyashita, M.
name: Masuda, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1597-1600
description: This work is to focus on investigating degradation factor of organic photovoltaic modules. First, we
looked for composition of test module, which has suitable moisture barrier, by Ca method. Second, we mounted
organic photovoltaic cell in test module and checked whether we could take electric current outside or not. Third, we
conducted reliability test on test modules which mount organic photovoltaic cell. We found composition using a
cavity glass and two flat glasses connected with encapsulant has high barrier property of 1.5×10-6 g/day against
moisture ingress under condition of 85,85%RH using Ca method. For this composition, we can take electric
current outside by reducing resistance of wiring. Then, damp heat test, conventional thermal resistance test in air,
thermal resistance test under an inert atmosphere were performed. Degradation rate is nearly equal between damp
heat test and conventional thermal resistance test in air, and small under thermal resistance test under an inert
atmosphere. Degradation factor is thought to be oxygen or products from encapsulant during test.
Detecting Violent and Abnormal Crowd activity using Temporal Analysis of Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) Based Texture Measures
Creators: name: Lloyd, Kaelon
name: Marshall, David
name: Moore, Simon C.
name: Rosin, Paul L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.4.7; I.4.8

description: The severity of sustained injury resulting from assault-related violence can be minimised by reducing detection time. However, it has been shown that human operators perform poorly at detecting events found in video footage when presented with simultaneous feeds. We utilise computer vision techniques to develop an automated method of abnormal crowd detection that can aid a human operator in the detection of violent behaviour. We observed that behaviour in city centre environments often occur in crowded areas, resulting in individual actions being occluded by other crowd members. We propose a real-time descriptor that models crowd dynamics by encoding changes in crowd texture using temporal summaries of Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features. We introduce a measure of inter-frame uniformity (IFU) and demonstrate that the appearance of violent behaviour changes in a less uniform manner when compared to other types of crowd behaviour. Our proposed method is computationally cheap and offers real-time description. Evaluating our method using a privately held CCTV dataset and the publicly available Violent Flows, UCF Web Abnormality, and UMN Abnormal Crowd datasets, we report a receiver operating characteristic score of 0.9782, 0.9403, 0.8218 and 0.9956 respectively.
description: Published under open access, 9 pages, 12 Figures
Erweckliches und Außergewöhnliches im Leben der Freifrau Barbara Juliane von Krüdener
Creators: name: Sommer-Mauerhofer, Debora
Publisher: name: European journal of theology
Year: 2024

description: European journal of theology, V. 10 N. 2 (2001): European Journal of Theology, Band 10, Heft 2
UniSAFE: University Of Cagliari – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Sufficient conditions for memory kernel master equation
Creators: name: Chruściński, Dariusz
name: Kossakowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive sufficient conditions for the memory kernel which guarantee legitimate (completely positive and trace-preserving) dynamical map. It turns out that these conditions provide a natural parameterizations of the dynamical map being a generalization of Markovian semigroup. It is shown that this class of maps cover almost all known examples -- from Markovian semigroup, semi-Markov evolution up to collision models and their generalization.
description: 5 pages; minor corrections
Optical-nanofiber-based interface for single molecules
Creators: name: Skoff, Sarah M.
name: Papencordt, David
name: Schauffert, Hardy
name: Bayer, Bernhard C.
name: Rauschenbeutel, Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical interfaces for quantum emitters are a prerequisite for implementing quantum networks. Here, we couple single molecules to the guided modes of an optical nanofiber. The molecules are embedded within a crystal that provides photostability and, due to the inhomogeneous broadening, a means to spectrally address single molecules. Single molecules are excited and detected solely via the nanofiber interface without the requirement of additional optical access. In this way, we realize a fully fiber-integrated system that is scalable and may become a versatile constituent for quantum hybrid systems.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Advanced Light Management for Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells on Foil
Creators: name: Soppe, W.
name: Dörenkämper, M.
name: Schropp, R.E.I.
name: Zhang, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1625-1627
description: We present different new concepts to improve the light trapping in thin film silicon solar cells on steel
foil. One of these concepts is to incorporate a textured back reflector, where the light scattering texture is made by
Nano-Imprint Lithography (NIL). In this concept, we imprint a texture in a UV-hardening lacquer that has been
applied on the steel foil. This texture then is covered by a silver layer, serving as a reflector and a back contact. Any
arbitrary texture can be imprinted, and we have shown in the past that by this method we can obtain short circuit
current density (Jsc) of more than 24 mA/cm2 for cells with a nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) absorber layer of only 1
micron. Here we present results showing that the concept can also be applied to fabricate thin film silicon solar cells
on paper. Another approach is to replace this silver layer by a white back reflector (WBR). Since, in contrast to the
utilization of a WBR in superstrate cells, in substrate-type n-i-p cells the WBR has to undergo all the different steps
of the cell processing, there are strict requirements to the material of the WBR, in terms of degasing and temperature
stability. We have identified suitable materials and applied these in amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells. The Jsc
values of these cells were equal to those of cells with a NIL back reflector. Finally, we present a-Si/nc-Si tandem
cells on foil in which we combine the NIL back reflector concept with an incorporated intermediate reflector (IR)
based on n-type doped SiOx.
Centrality dependence of subthreshold $ϕ$ meson production in Ni+Ni collisions at 1.9A GeV
Creators: name: Piasecki, K.
name: Tymiński, Z.
name: Herrmann, N.
name: Averbeck, R.
name: Andronic, A.
name: Barret, V.
name: Basrak, Z.
name: Bastid, N.
name: Benabderrahmane, M. L.
name: Berger, M.
name: Buehler, P.
name: Cargnelli, M.
name: Čaplar, R.
name: Cordier, E.
name: Crochet, P.
name: Czerwiakowa, O.
name: Deppner, I.
name: Dupieux, P.
name: Dželalija, M.
name: Fabbietti, L.
name: Fodor, Z.
name: Gasik, P.
name: Gašparić, I.
name: Grishkin, Y.
name: Hartmann, O. N.
name: Hildenbrand, K. D.
name: Hong, B.
name: Kang, T. I.
name: Kecskemeti, J.
name: Kim, Y. J.
name: Kirejczyk, M.
name: Kiš, M.
name: Koczon, P.
name: Korolija, M.
name: Kotte, R.
name: Lebedev, A.
name: Leifels, Y.
name: Fèvre, A. Le
name: Liu, J. L.
name: Lopez, X.
name: Mangiarotti, A.
name: Manko, V.
name: Marton, J.
name: Matulewicz, T.
name: Merschmeyer, M.
name: Münzer, R.
name: Pelte, D.
name: Petrovici, M.
name: Rami, F.
name: Reischl, A.
name: Reisdorf, W.
name: Ryu, M. S.
name: Schmidt, P.
name: Schüttauf, A.
name: Seres, Z.
name: Sikora, B.
name: Sim, K. S.
name: Simion, V.
name: Siwek-Wilczyńska, K.
name: Smolyankin, V.
name: Stoicea, G.
name: Suzuki, K.
name: Wagner, P.
name: Weber, I.
name: Widmann, E.
name: Wiśniewski, K.
name: Xiao, Z. G.
name: Xu, H. S.
name: Yushmanov, I.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhilin, A.
name: Zinyuk, V.
name: Zmeskal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analysed the $ϕ$ meson production in central Ni+Ni collisions at the beam kinetic energy of 1.93A GeV with the FOPI spectrometer and found the production probability per event of $[8.6 ~\pm~ 1.6 ~(\text{stat}) \pm 1.5 ~(\text{syst})] \times 10^{-4}$. This new data point allows for the first time to inspect the centrality dependence of the subthreshold $ϕ$ meson production in heavy-ion collisions. The rise of $ϕ$ meson multiplicity per event with mean number of participants can be parameterized by the power function with exponent $α= 1.8 \pm 0.6$. The ratio of $ϕ$ to $\text{K}^-$ production yields seems not to depend within the experimental uncertainties on the collision centrality, and the average of measured values was found to be $0.36 \pm 0.05$.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Polymer Solar Cells Based on the PBDTTT-C:[70]PCBM Blend: A Comparative Study between Standard and Inverted Architecture
Creators: name: Diana, R.
name: Morvillo, P.
name: Ricciardi, R.
name: Bobeico, E.
name: Minarini, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1588-1591
description: Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are typically fabricated with a transparent conductive anode covered by a thin hole conducting layer, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), over which, the active layer and low-work-function metals (usually Ca/Al) are deposited. This configuration suffers from degradation in operative conditions due to the degradation of PEDOT:PSS and metal cathode. In order to avoid these issues, the inverted configuration (where the charge collection nature of the electrodes is reversed avoiding the use of not stable layers) can be used. In this work we realized standard and inverted PSCs based on poly[(4,8-bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-thieno[3,4-b]thiopene)-2,6-diyl]/[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PBDTTT-C:[70]PCBM) blend films. In the standard architecture, the transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is coated with PEDOT:PSS and used as a hole collecting electrode, while in an inverted device configuration, the ITO electrode is turned into the electron collecting contact by surface modification with zinc oxide (ZnO). The standard cells sequence is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PBDTTT-C:[70]PCBM/Ca/Al and the inverted cells one is ITO/ZnO/PBDTTT-C:[70]PCBM/MoO3/Ag.
We studied the electrical behavior (by means of IV-light and external quantum efficiency measurements) of both kinds of devices in order to investigate the influence of the architecture (standard vs inverted) on the performance of the PSCs.
Inose's construction and elliptic K3 surfaces with Mordell-Weil rank 15 revisited
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhinav
name: Kuwata, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J27, 14J28 (Primary), 14H40, 11G10 (Secondary)

description: We describe two constructions of elliptic K3 surfaces starting from the Kummer surface of the Jacobian of a genus 2 curve. These parallel the base-change constructions of Kuwata for the Kummer surface of a product of two elliptic curves. One of these also involves the analogue of an Inose fibration. We use these methods to provide explicit examples of elliptic K3 surfaces over the rationals of geometric Mordell-Weil rank 15.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure. Final version
A Tripartite Physics-based Model for Organic Solar Cells
Creators: name: Zohourian Aboutorabi, R.
name: Joodaki, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1592-1596
description: In this paper, a tripartite macroscopic physics-based model is presented for analysis of organic solar cells (OSCs) in several aspects. This model is consisting of three sub-models (optical, electric and thermal models) which are also coupled to one another. The electric model estimates the current-voltage characteristic of an OSC considering the voltage-dependent series resistance. The 1-D optical model calculates the optical field all along the device that would be further advantageous in predicting the active layer exciton generation rate (input parameter of the electric model), optical heat generation (input parameter of the thermal model), etc. The 3-D steady-state (SS) resistive thermal model is also capable of determining the device SS temperature, also specifying the role of heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation. These three models are verified individually with experimental data. The electric model is employed to illustrate the nonlinear series resistance in a typical OSC. The optical and thermal models are also combined to yield an opto-thermal model for thermal analysis of 1-D structured photovoltaic devices. It was found that convection (the air thermal conductivity), radiation and device architecture are three determinative parameters that may considerably alter the device SS temperature. This temperature increase may influence both the device efficiency and lifetime.
Cross-connections of the singular transformation semigroup
Creators: name: Muhammed, P. A. Azeef
name: Rajan, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M10, 20M17, 20M50

description: Cross-connection is a construction of regular semigroups using certain categories called normal categories which are abstractions of the partially ordered sets of principal left (right) ideals of a semigroup. We describe the cross-connections in the semigroup $Sing(X)$ of all non-invertible transformations on a set $X$. The categories involved are characterized as the powerset category $\mathscr{P}(X)$ and the category of partitions $Π(X)$. We describe these categories and show how a permutation on $X$ gives rise to a cross-connection. Further we prove that every cross-connection between them is induced by a permutation and construct the regular semigroups that arise from the cross-connections. We show that each of the cross-connection semigroups arising this way is isomorphic to $Sing(X)$. We also describe the right reductive subsemigroups of $Sing(X)$ with the category of principal left ideals isomorphic to $\mathscr{P}(X)$. This study sheds light into the more general theory of cross-connections and also provides an alternate way of studying the structure of $Sing(X)$.
On the section conjecture over function fields and finitely generated fields
Creators: name: Saidi, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate sections of arithmetic fundamental groups of hyperbolic curves over function fields. As a consequence we prove that the anabelian section conjecture of Grothendieck holds over all finitely generated fields over $\Bbb Q$ if it holds over all number fields, under the condition of finiteness (of the $\ell$-primary parts) of certain Shafarevich-Tate groups. We also prove that if the section conjecture holds over all number fields then it holds over all finitely generated fields for curves which are defined over a number field.
description: Final version
Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell on Graphite Substrate with Laser Single Side Contact
Creators: name: Li, D.
name: Wittmann, S.
name: Kunz, T.
name: Ahmad, T.
name: Gawehns, N.
name: Hessmann, M.T.
name: Auer, R.
name: Brabec, C.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1610-1613
description: A new process sequence was investigated for crystalline silicon thin film (CSiTF) solar cells on foreign substrates. In order to improve the cell performance, we have studied and developed two methods for CSiTF solar cells on graphite substrates: the laser single side contact (LSSC) formation and the hydrogen passivation (HP) process. Quantum efficiency (QE), light beam induced current (LBiC) and current density-voltage measurement (J-V) are used as characterization methods. We achieved 10.2 % cell efficiency for a 40 μm thick (4 cm2 aperture area) silicon thin film solar cell on graphite substrate.
Parameter Identification and Real-Time J-V Curve Reconstruction of Polymer PV and Dye-Sensitized Cells Using Non-Iterative Algorithm
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, S.
name: Di Piazza, M.C.
name: Luna, M.
name: Vitale, G.
name: Calogero, G.
name: Citro, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1548-1553
description: This paper aims at assessing the suitability of simplified (4-parameter) single-diode models, already used for wafer-based silicon PV cells, to be applied to organic-based PV cells, e.g., dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and polymer PV. According to a method previously proposed by the same authors, the Series/Parallel Ratio (SPR) is computed which allows to decide whether it is more correct to neglect the shunt or the series resistance of the single-diode model. Then the 4-parameter identification is performed using a non-iterative algorithm; hence it is suitable to be executed on-line when implemented even on commercial low-cost, low-performance processing platforms, e.g. to support a MPPT circuit providing a good real-time reconstruction of the cell’s J-V characteristic. This is crucial to achieve an optimal electrical exploitation of these unconventional cells and to foster their penetration in the market. An experimental validation is given for both a DSSC and a polymer PV. The accuracy of the curve reconstruction is comparable to that obtained using the complete (5-parameter) single-diode model.
Development of Nanostructured TiO2-Based Rare Earth Materials for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Creators: name: Todinova, A.
name: Vildanova, M.
name: Alexandrov, M.
name: Vishnev, A.
name: Shevaleevskiy, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1554-1557
description: The key component of a conventional DSSC is the nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor TiO2,
which provides electron transport in the photovoltaic cell. Recently it was shown that the doping of TiO2 electrodes
with rare earth elements improves photovoltaic performance of DSSC. Until recently sol-gel method was widely used
to introduce rare earth metal ions into TiO2 electrodes. We used a different approach to prepare TiO2-based, rareearth
containing electrodes. Novel rare-earth oxide Sm2ScTaO7 was synthesized by mechanical activation of Sm2O3,
Sc2O3 and Ta2O5 and sintered at 1600ºC. The estimated bandgap of Sm2ScTaO7 is 4.54 eV and corresponds to a
direct transition. The rare earth oxide was introduced into TiO2-based electrode by mixing the powders of two
materials in various weight ratios. Sm2ScTaO7 and TiO2 do not form solid solution during sintering. The DSSCs
fabricated using TiCl4-treated electrodes showed the best performance. The VOC of the DSSCs assembled slightly
decrease from 0.8V (pure TiO2) down to 0.7V (pure Sm2ScTaO7). TiO2 surface states play a prominent role in the
electron transport of the electrodes fabricated from TiO2 and Sm2ScTaO7.
Precise and Sensitive Scribing of Textured Thin-Film Photovoltaic Layers Using Selective Femtosecond Laser Ablation
Creators: name: Krause, S.
name: Miclea, P.-T.
name: Seifert, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1505-1508
description: Selective femtosecond laser ablation as a damage-free lift-off process has been used for the three scribing
steps (P1, P2, P3) of thin-film silicon samples prepared on glass coated with a textured transparent conductive
oxide. By irradiation through the glass substrate with pulses of 300 fs and 1030 nm wavelength, narrow trenches with
rectangular profiles of only 5 μm width were achieved in aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) layers of approx. 700
nm thickness. For the P2 scribing (ablation of the absorber layer) the use of 515 nm wavelength allowed the delamination
of a-Si/μc-Si stack with an overall film thickness of 1000 nm from textured AZO layers without affecting substrate
or AZO. Processing by fluences not too far above the ablation threshold lead also to narrow P2 grooves of approx.
10 μm width. These laser parameters for P2 can be adapted for the P3 scribing of the aluminium back contact.
In contrast to P2 and P3 scribing results obtained with nanosecond laser pulses, the grooves for both structuring steps
show no indication of melting or thermal damage at the bottom of the underlying textured AZO layer. This was proven
by optical and mirostructural analysis, in particular laser-scanning microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Overall,
the high technological potential of femtosecond laser scribing to reduce the total width of the scribing regions of thinfilm
PV devices to below 50 μm was shown, which could contribute to optimized power generation efficiency per area.
Different Functions of Silicon Oxide Layers in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Based on MOCVD-ZnO:B (BZO)
Creators: name: Fang, J.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Bai, L.
name: Hou, G.
name: Wei, C.
name: Sun, J.
name: Zhao, Y.
name: Zhang, X.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1509-1512
description: We investigate influence of the p-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (p-nc-SiOx:H) window layers, as well as the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (i-a-SiOx:H) buffer layers at p/i interface on the performances of a-Si:H solar cells. The p-nc-SiOx:H film prepared at high hydrogen dilution demonstrated high perpendicular conductivity of 1.1×10-5 S/cm, low in-plane conductivity of 4.2×10-8 S/cm and high optical band gap (E04) of 2.52 eV. This p-nc-SiOx:H window layer can result in higher quantum efficiency in the short wavelength region in a-Si:H solar cells. Compared with cells with other buffer layers, the i-a-SiOx:H buffer layer at p/i interface helped to significantly improve the open circuit voltage (~909 mV) and the quantum efficiency values at short wavelengths (~75% at 400 nm), which can be contributed to the built-in potential enhancement and recombination reduction at p/i interface. Up to now initial conversion efficiencies of 11.01% and 12.24% have been obtained for single-junction a-Si:H and a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem solar cells, respectively.
Rare Higgs three body decay induced by top-Higgs FCNC coupling in the littlest Higgs Model with T-parity
Creators: name: Yang, Bingfang
name: Liu, Zhiyong
name: Liu, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the search for flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) top quark decays at the LHC, we calculate rare Higgs three body decay $H\rightarrow Wbc$ induced by top-Higgs FCNC coupling in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity(LHT). We find that the branching ratios of $H\rightarrow Wbc$ in the LHT model can reach $\mathcal O(10^{-7})$ in the allowed parameter space.
description: Matches the version published in Chinese Physics C
Status and Potential in Improving a-Si:H/µc-Si:H Tandem Solar Cell Efficiency
Creators: name: Campa, A.
name: Boccard, M.
name: Meier, M.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1457-1460
description: To improve the conversion efficiency of thin-film silicon a-Si:H/c-Si:H tandem solar cells different conceptual steps are introduced. They are studied by the means of rigorous 3-D optical simulations based on Finite Element Method. A complete solar cell structure is simulated on the verified model, utilizing the non-conformal growth model to obtain realistic interfaces inside solar cell and incoherent propagation of light in thick glass layer to obtain additional information from the front air/glass interface. Different steps to improve the light incoupling and reduce the parasitic absorption in the supportive layers are presented. The most promising steps are highlighted and analyzed in details. The total improvement in terms of short circuit current density was higher than >2.5 mA/cm2 of total current and the highest impact on the improvement comes from a better incoupling of light into absorber layers.
The final state of gravitational collapse in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld theory
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Yaser
name: Escamilla-Rivera, Celia
name: Fabris, Julio C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we address the implications when a homogeneous dust model is considered for a scenario of gravitational collapse in the context of Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld (EiBI) theory. In order to describe the dynamical evolution of the collapse, we present an effective equation, which constitutes the first order corrections, in EiBI coupling parameter $κ$, to Einstein's field equations. The geometry outside the collapsing object is derived by imposing the standard Darmois-Israel junction conditions at the boundary surface of the dust. This induces an effective matter source in the outer region which gives rise to a non-singular, non-Schwarzschild geometry at the final state of the collapse. For this exterior geometry, we find the threshold of mass for the formation of the black hole. This provides a cut-off over $κ$ as $|κ|=5.1\times10^{-97} ~kg^{-1}\cdot m^3$.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, Version accepted in Annalen der Physik
Scaling analysis and instantons for thermally-assisted tunneling and Quantum Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhang
name: Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
name: Isakov, Sergei V.
name: Boixo, Sergio
name: Mazzola, Guglielmo
name: Troyer, Matthias
name: Neven, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an instantonic calculus to derive an analytical expression for the thermally-assisted tunneling decay rate of a metastable state in a fully connected quantum spin model. The tunneling decay problem can be mapped onto the Kramers escape problem of a classical random dynamical field. This dynamical field is simulated efficiently by path integral Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). We show analytically that the exponential scaling with the number of spins of the thermally-assisted quantum tunneling rate and the escape rate of the QMC process are identical. We relate this effect to the existence of a dominant instantonic tunneling path. The instanton trajectory is described by nonlinear dynamical mean-field theory equations for a single site magnetization vector, which we solve exactly. Finally, we derive scaling relations for the "spiky" barrier shape when the spin tunnelling and QMC rates scale polynomially with the number of spins $N$ while a purely classical over-the-barrier activation rate scales exponentially with $N$.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 45 references
Representing model inadequacy: A stochastic operator approach
Creators: name: Morrison, Rebecca E
name: Oliver, Todd A
name: Moser, Robert D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mathematical models of physical systems are subject to many uncertainties such as measurement errors and uncertain initial and boundary conditions. After accounting for these uncertainties, it is often revealed that discrepancies between the model output and the observations remain; if so, the model is said to be inadequate. In practice, the inadequate model may be the best that is available or tractable, and so despite its inadequacy the model may be used to make predictions of unobserved quantities. In this case, a representation of the inadequacy is necessary, so the impact of the observed discrepancy can be determined. We investigate this problem in the context of chemical kinetics and propose a new technique to account for model inadequacy that is both probabilistic and physically meaningful. A stochastic inadequacy operator $\mathcal{S}$ is introduced which is embedded in the ODEs describing the evolution of chemical species concentrations and which respects certain physical constraints such as conservation laws. The parameters of $\mathcal{S}$ are governed by probability distributions, which in turn are characterized by a set of hyperparameters. The model parameters and hyperparameters are calibrated using high-dimensional hierarchical Bayesian inference. We apply the method to a typical problem in chemical kinetics---the reaction mechanism of hydrogen combustion.
The Effect of Dye Purification on Performance and Lifetime of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Creators: name: Tiihonen, A.
name: Miettunen, K.
name: Rendon, S.
name: Mavrynsky, D.
name: Poskela, A.
name: Asghar, M.I.
name: Halme, J.
name: Leino, R.
name: Lund, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Organic-based PV

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1513-1518
description: The effects of dye purification on the initial performance and lifetime of dye-sensitized solar cells are
studied. The use of UV filters to prevent electrolyte bleaching (the loss of tri-iodide in the electrolyte) during light
soaking tests is also investigated. The initial performance and stability were characterized with IV tests, electrical
impedance spectroscopy and cell photographing. Statistical methods were applied in the result analysis to increase the
reliability of the results. Dye purification did not have statistically significant effect neither on the cell performance
nor lifetime in this study. UV filtering did reduce electrolyte bleaching but did not completely prevent it.
On optimal filtering of measured Mueller matrices
Creators: name: Gil, Jose J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While any two-dimensional mixed state of polarization of light can be represented by a combination of a pure state and a fully random state, any Mueller matrix can be represented by a convex combination of a pure component and three additional components whose randomness is scaled in a proper and objective way. Such characteristic decomposition constitutes the appropriate framework for the characterization of the polarimetric randomness of the system represented by a given Mueller matrix, and provides criteria for the optimal filtering of noise in experimental polarimetry.
description: 6 pages
Solution of Roll-over-Shaped J-V Characteristics of Ag(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Creators: name: Umehara, T.
name: Iinuma, S.
name: Kurokawa, Y.
name: Yamada, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1444-1447
description: The cause of the roll-over shape often observed in the J-V curve of AIGS solar cells was investigated from the measurement and device simulation results to improve VOC and FF in AIGS solar cells. It was found that the AIGS/Mo heterocontact is not formed a Schottky contact but an ohmic contact. It suggests that the derivation of roll-over shape is not the heterocontact. It was revealed that the roll-over shape is attributed to a much lower carrier density of the AIGS layer using the analytical simulation. The hole density of 2.5 × 1014 cm-3 was successfully measured by using newly developed technique, even though the AIGS layer grown on the Mo-coated SLG. Under an applied forward bias, the band bending near the back contact of the AIGS layer forms an n--type semiconductor, leading to the formation of an inverted diode. We proposed that methods to improve the J-V characteristics in the AIGS solar cell, which is increasing the hole density of the AIGS layer and inserting a p+-type thin layer between the AIGS and Mo layer.
Demonstration of Thin Silicon Solar Cells with Self-Assembled Diffractive Honeycomb Light-Trapping Structures
Creators: name: Gjessing, J.
name: Thorstensen, J.
name: Haug, H.
name: Syre Wiig, M.
name: Chuan You, C.
name: Stensrud Marstein, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1470-1472
description: Over the last years, the cost of solar electricity has been reduced at an exceptional rate. Already, solar electricity is the cheapest source of electricity in several sunny parts of the world. However, solar electricity prices must be reduced further to be competitive with base load electricity prices in major markets such as the EU, the US and China. One way of reducing both the price and environmental footprint of solar electricity produced by crystalline silicon solar cells is to reduce the thickness of the solar cell and, thereby, the consumption of high purity silicon. Today, the thickness of a conventional wafer-based solar cell today is about 150 – 200 μm. It is possible to reduce the thickness down to a few tens of microns without compromising efficiency, as long as efficient light absorption in the silicon wafer can be ensured. Diffractive structures can provide the necessary light trapping. Such structures consume little of the absorber material and are therefore suitable for use in very thin solar cells. In addition they can be tuned to provide good light trapping in a specific wavelength region. In this work, we report on our development of a method to create a diffractive light trapping texture consisting of dimples in an ordered, hexagonal pattern. We have chosen a periodicity that has been shown in simulations to be advantageous for trapping light close the silicon band gap, where the absorption length is many times the thickness of the solar cell. We thereafter fabricated complete solar cells with thicknesses of 50, 100 and 300 μm with light trapping structures and measured and compared the resulting quantum efficiency with that of planar reference solar cells. The results show that the diffractive structures enable an improvement in quantum efficiency of more than 35 % in the low energy part of the solar spectrum compared to their planar counterparts.
Unification mechanism for gauge and spacetime symmetries
Creators: name: Laszlo, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A group theoretical mechanism for unification of local gauge and spacetime symmetries is introduced. No-go theorems prohibiting such unification are circumvented by slightly relaxing the usual requirement on the gauge group: only the so called Levi factor of the gauge group needs to be compact semisimple, not the entire gauge group. This allows a non-conventional supersymmetry-like extension of the gauge group, glueing together the gauge and spacetime symmetries, but not needing any new exotic gauge particles. It is shown that this new relaxed requirement on the gauge group is nothing but the minimal condition for energy positivity. The mechanism is demonstrated to be mathematically possible and physically plausible on a U(1) based gauge theory setting. The unified group, being an extension of the group of spacetime symmetries, is shown to be different than that of the conventional supersymmetry group, thus overcoming the McGlinn and Coleman-Mandula no-go theorems in a non-supersymmetric way.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Epidemic Processes over Adaptive State-Dependent Networks
Creators: name: Ogura, Masaki
name: Preciado, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper, we study the dynamics of epidemic processes taking place in adaptive networks of arbitrary topology. We focus our study on the adaptive susceptible-infected-susceptible (ASIS) model, where healthy individuals are allowed to temporarily cut edges connecting them to infected nodes in order to prevent the spread of the infection. In this paper, we derive a closed-form expression for a lower bound on the epidemic threshold of the ASIS model in arbitrary networks with heterogeneous node and edge dynamics. For networks with homogeneous node and edge dynamics, we show that the resulting \blue{lower bound} is proportional to the epidemic threshold of the standard SIS model over static networks, with a proportionality constant that depends on the adaptation rates. Furthermore, based on our results, we propose an efficient algorithm to optimally tune the adaptation rates in order to eradicate epidemic outbreaks in arbitrary networks. We confirm the tightness of the proposed lower bounds with several numerical simulations and compare our optimal adaptation rates with popular centrality measures.
I modelli archeologici del Tempio Malatestiano tavola iconografica
Creators: name: Anselmi, Alberto
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Iconography
subject: Malatesta
subject: Alberti
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Warburg

description: Alberto Anselmi traces in an iconographic table a conspicuous number of possible ancient references cited by Leon Battista Alberti in the Malatesta Temple.
Innovative Low Temperature Sintering, High Adhesion, Low Contact Resistance Screen Printable Silver Paste for a-Si:h/c-Si Heterojunctions
Creators: name: Serenelli, L.
name: Tucci, M.
name: Izzi, M.
name: Miliciani, M.
name: Caputo, D.
name: De Cesare, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: WAFER-BASED SILICON SOLAR CELLS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1399-1402
description: Amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction is the most attractive technique to obtain high efficiency
solar cells. The emitter of these cells is usually covered by Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO) that ensures lateral
conductivity and Anti Reflection Coating (ARC). Then the cell front side is completed by a metal grid, made by
screen printed silver, sintered at temperature below 200°C. Both the TCO and the grid strongly influence the cell
series resistance as well as the cell efficiency. The choice of TCO needs to be tuned in order to ensurethe lowest sheet
resistance and an appropriate workfunction to fit the emitter requirements. Consequentlythe front screen printed grid
needs to be optimized to produce the lowest specific contactresistance with the underneath TCO. In this work we
show the results obtained developing an innovative low temperature curing, polymeric based, screen printable silver
paste. High linear conductivity, low specific contact resistivity and strong adhesion to TCO have been reached.
Specific contact resistivity as low as 0.15mΩcm2 and printed Ag bulk resistivity of 20μΩcm have been reached on
TCO film having sheet resistance in the range between 40 and 200 Ω/sq.
The network survival method for estimating adult mortality: Evidence from a survey experiment in Rwanda
Creators: name: Feehan, Dennis M.
name: Mahy, Mary
name: Salganik, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adult death rates are a critical indicator of population health and wellbeing. Wealthy countries have high-quality vital registration systems, but poor countries lack this infrastructure and must rely on estimates that are often problematic. In this paper, we introduce the network survival method, a new approach for estimating adult death rates. We derive the precise conditions under which it produces estimates that are consistent and unbiased. Further, we develop an analytical framework for sensitivity analysis. To assess the performance of the network survival method in a realistic setting, we conducted a nationally-representative survey experiment in Rwanda (n=4,669). Network survival estimates were similar to estimates from other methods, even though the network survival estimates were made with substantially smaller samples and are based entirely on data from Rwanda, with no need for model life tables or pooling of data from other countries. Our analytic results demonstrate that the network survival method has attractive properties, and our empirical results show that it can be used in countries where reliable estimates of adult death rates are sorely needed.
Lack of a thermodynamic finite-temperature spin-glass phase in the two-dimensional randomly-coupled ferromagnet
Creators: name: Zhu, Zheng
name: Ochoa, Andrew J.
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for problems where quantum adiabatic optimization might excel over classical optimization techniques has sparked a recent interest in inducing a finite-temperature spin-glass transition in quasi-planar topologies. We have performed large-scale finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional square-lattice bimodal spin glass with next-nearest ferromagnetic interactions claimed to exhibit a finite-temperature spin-glass state for a particular relative strength of the next-nearest to nearest interactions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4616 (1996)]. Our results show that the system is in a paramagnetic state in the thermodynamic limit, despite zero-temperature simulations [Phys. Rev. B 63, 094423 (2001)] suggesting the existence of a finite-temperature spin-glass transition. Therefore, deducing the finite-temperature behavior from zero-temperature simulations can be dangerous when corrections to scaling are large.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures