cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Innovative Radios der 1920er Jahre aus der Rundfunksammlung des TECHNOSEUM
Creators: name: Klejnowski, Markus
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
An Efficient Representation of Euclidean Gravity I
Creators: name: Lee, Jungjai
name: Oh, John J.
name: Yang, Hyun Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how the topology of spacetime fabric is encoded into the local structure of Riemannian metrics using the gauge theory formulation of Euclidean gravity. In part I, we provide a rigorous mathematical foundation to prove that a general Einstein manifold arises as the sum of SU(2)_L Yang-Mills instantons and SU(2)_R anti-instantons where SU(2)_L and SU(2)_R are normal subgroups of the four-dimensional Lorentz group Spin(4) = SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R. Our proof relies only on the general properties in four dimensions: The Lorentz group Spin(4) is isomorphic to SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R and the six-dimensional vector space of two-forms splits canonically into the sum of three-dimensional vector spaces of self-dual and anti-self-dual two-forms. Consolidating these two, it turns out that the splitting of Spin(4) is deeply correlated with the decomposition of two-forms on four-manifold which occupies a central position in the theory of four-manifolds.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure
Outward FDI from China and its policy context, 2012
Creators: name: Davies, Ken
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: International law
Investments--Law and legislation
Law and economics
Stocks
Investments, Foreign
Finance
Economics

description: China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has continued to grow despite the uncertain global climate emerging from the recent crises. The latest Five Year Plan, which came into effect in 2011, strengthens the commitment to promote the "going global" policy. While the country's OFDI continues to go into tertiary and primary sectors, there are signs of gradual sectoral diversification. Asia, especially Hong Kong (China), remains the largest recipient of Chinese investment, with OFDI in smaller targets, including Europe, growing more rapidly. The Caribbean offshore tax havens continue to receive large amounts of Chinese OFDI. Local authorities in China are increasingly doing their bit to foster investment abroad. Unless there are any major adverse changes in domestic and external conditions, China's OFDI is likely to continue expanding and diversifying.
BUGMINER: Software Reliability Analysis Via Data Mining of Bug Reports
Creators: name: Wu, Leon Li
name: Xie, Boyi
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Passonneau, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: Software bugs reported by human users and automatic error reporting software are often stored in some bug tracking tools (e.g., Bugzilla and Debbugs). These accumulated bug reports may contain valuable information that could be used to improve the quality of the bug reporting, reduce the quality assurance effort and cost, analyze software reliability, and predict future bug report trend. In this paper, we present BUGMINER, a tool that is able to derive useful information from historic bug report database using data mining, use these information to do completion check and redundancy check on a new or given bug report, and to estimate the bug report trend using statistical analysis. Our empirical studies of the tool using several real-world bug report repositories show that it is effective, easy to implement, and has relatively high accuracy despite low quality data.
Neuromuscular fatigue of prolonged exercises in normoxia and hypoxia revisited: methodological developments and fatigue etiology
Creators: name: Bartolomeu De Mira, José Miguel
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education--Health
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Health Sciences

description: The understanding of knee extensor function under fatigue due to whole-body exercise was until recently limited due to short-term recovery. Indeed, subjects needed to be moved from a treadmill/cycle ergometer to an isometric chair, which may underestimate fatigue. This thesis addressed this issue thanks to an innovative ergometer where fatigue can be induced and measured on the same bike, allowing to revisit fatigue etiology in hypoxia and after endurance training. Also, to assess central fatigue, VATMS is traditionally assessed by delivering transcranial magnetic stimulation during three voluntary contractions, each interspersed with 5-10 s of rest (TRADI). In study 1, we assessed whether TRADI methodology resulted in central fatigue underestimation when compared to a continuous approach, with no rest in between voluntary contractions. Post-fatigue, VATMS was heavily underestimated with TRADI. Thus, we propose the continuous method to assess central fatigue. In addition of the lag time explained above, fatigue in hypoxia is poorly understood because of (i) the lack of control in arterial saturation and (ii) different exercise durations in hypoxia vs. normoxia. In study 2, fatigue was assessed on the new cycle ergometer during cycling and right at exhaustion (EXH) in normoxia, moderate and severe hypoxia at relative and absolute workloads. The relative sessions performed in hypoxia were shorter than in normoxia and yet presented lower peripheral fatigue at EXH. This suggests a brain-hypoxic effect that may not only happen in severe hypoxia as previously suggested but also in moderate hypoxia. In study 3, the innovative ergometer was used to revisit the effects of cycling training on neuromuscular fatigue measured during and immediately after cycling exercise. After training, peripheral fatigue was either similar or attenuated at EXH compared to pre-training. The lower or similar fatigue after endurance training suggests that, unlike previously suggested, fatigue may not be upregulated after training.
Evidence of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe
Creators: name: Maiolino, R.
name: Gallerani, S.
name: Neri, R.
name: Cicone, C.
name: Ferrara, A.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Sturm, E.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Walter, F.
name: Feruglio, C.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Piconcelli, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most theoretical models invoke quasar driven outflows to quench star formation in massive galaxies, this feedback mechanism is required to account for the population of old and passive galaxies observed in the local universe. The discovery of massive, old and passive galaxies at z=2, implies that such quasar feedback onto the host galaxy must have been at work very early on, close to the reionization epoch. We have observed the [CII]158um transition in SDSSJ114816.64+525150.3 that, at z=6.4189, is one of the most distant quasars known. We detect broad wings of the line tracing a quasar-driven massive outflow. This is the most distant massive outflow ever detected and is likely tracing the long sought quasar feedback, already at work in the early Universe. The outflow is marginally resolved on scales of about 16 kpc, implying that the outflow can really affect the whole galaxy, as required by quasar feedback models. The inferred outflow rate, dM/dt > 3500 Msun/yr, is the highest ever found. At this rate the outflow can clean the gas in the host galaxy, and therefore quench star formation, in a few million years.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Measuring the relative performance of providers of a health service
Creators: name: Machado, Matilde P.
name: Riordan, Michael H.
name: Ackerberg, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Public health

description: A methodology is developed and applied to compare the performance of publicly funded agencies providing treatment for alcohol abuse in Maine. The methodology estimates a Wiener process that determines the duration of completed treatments, while allowing for agency differences in the effectiveness of treatment, standards for completion of treatment, patient attrition, and the characteristics of patient populations. Notably, the Wiener process model separately identifies agency fixed effects that describe differences in the effectiveness of treatment ('treatment effects'), and effects that describe differences in the unobservable characteristics of patients ('population effects'). The estimated model enables hypothetical comparisons of how different agencies would treat the same populations. The policy experiment of transferring the treatment practices of more cost effective agencies suggests that Maine could have significantly reduced treatment costs without compromising health outcomes by identifying and transferring best practices.
Investigating the molecular mechanisms of Fusarium Head Blight resistance in wheat
Creators: name: Foroud, Nora Afsaneh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Fusarium Head Blight is a disease of cereal crops caused by a group of trichothecene-producing Fusarium species. Two major forms of resistance to Fusarium Head Blight are Type I resistance (resistance to initial infection) and Type II resistance (resistance to disease spread). Using functional genomics approaches, the effect of FHB-elicitors on the defense response of three wheat genotypes that share the susceptible cv. 'Superb' pedigree were evaluated. Distinct differences were observed between the resistant genotypes and 'Superb', as well as between the Type I and Type II genotypes. The data presented in this thesis suggests that different molecular mechanisms exist not only between susceptibility and resistance responses, but also between different forms of genetic resistance. It is proposed here that Type I resistance involves a combination of structural features that slow fungal penetration and the activation of a systemic response in uninfected tissues adjacent to the site of infection to prevent and minimize secondary infection; whereas, Type II resistance is more likely a form of local resistance. Based on the results from the functional genomics study, follow up experiments where wheat heads were primed with FHB elictiors and subsequently inoculated with a virulent F. graminearum strain and evaluated for changes in disease outcomes, support the hypothesis that Type I resistance involves the activation of a systemic response. Furthermore, an analysis of the role of plant hormone signalling using a combination of genetic and biochemical analysis suggest that jasmonic acid signalling is involved in Fusarium Head Blight resistance.
EEIA: The Extended Efficiency Improvement Advisor
Creators: name: Nygren, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Multi-agent Systems
subject: Pickup and Delivery
subject: Whack-a-mole
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Computer Science

description: In the past, the Efficiency Improvement Advisor (EIA) has been successfully applied to several dynamic problems. By learning recurring tasks, it was able to correct inefficient behavior in multiagent systems. We present an extension to the advisor which allows certain known-ahead knowledge to be exploited. This extension unobtrusively guides autonomous agents to follow a plan, while retaining the dynamic abilities of those agents. Unlike other similar approaches which introduce planning functionality, this does not require always-on communications. The extended advisor’s planning abilities work in tandem with the original learning abilities to create additional efficiency gains. The abilities of the extended advisor (including the introduction of planning, the preservation of dynamism, and mixing certain knowledge with learned knowledge) are evaluated in 2 different problem domains. First, the advisor is applied to the familiar arcade game: Whack-a-mole. Then, Pickup and Delivery is considered, which is similar to coordinating a taxi service.
MOESM2 of A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus
Creators: name: Yin, Qingqing
name: Li, Li
name: Guo, Xiang
name: Wu, Rangke
name: Shi, Benyun
name: Wang, Yuji
name: Liu, Yingjie
name: Wu, Shang
name: Pan, Yicheng
name: Wang, Qi
name: Xie, Tian
name: Hu, Tian
name: Xia, Dan
name: Xia, Shang
name: Kambalame, Dzinkambani
name: Li, Wanyu
name: Song, Zhangyao
name: Zhou, Siyun
name: Deng, Ye
name: Xie, Yu
name: Zhou, Xiao-Nong
name: Wang, Chunmei
name: Chen, Xiao-Guang
name: Zhou, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2: Text S2. Species identification of the collected adult mosquitoes.
Nonperturbative Functional Renormalization Group for Random Field Models. IV: Supersymmetry and its spontaneous breaking
Creators: name: Tissier, Matthieu
name: Tarjus, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the nonperturbative functional renormalization group (NP-FRG) in the superfield formalism that we have developed in the preceding paper to study long-standing issues concerning the critical behavior of the random field Ising model. Through the introduction of an appropriate regulator and a supersymmetry-compatible nonperturbative approximation, we are able to follow the supersymmetry, more specifically the superrotational invariance first unveiled by Parisi and Sourlas [Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 744 (1979)], and its spontaneous breaking along the RG flow. Breaking occurs below a critical dimension dDR \simeq 5.1, and the supersymmetry-broken fixed point that controls the critical behavior then leads to a breakdown of the "dimensional reduction" property. We solve the NP-FRG flow equations numerically and determine the critical exponents as a function of dimension down to d < 3, with a good agreement in d = 3 and d = 4 with the existing numerical estimates.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Schokolade
Creators: name: Budde, Kai
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Optimizing Automated Classification of Periodic Variable Stars in New Synoptic Surveys
Creators: name: Long, James P.
name: Karoui, Noureddine El
name: Rice, John A.
name: Richards, Joseph W.
name: Bloom, Joshua S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficient and automated classification of periodic variable stars is becoming increasingly important as the scale of astronomical surveys grows. Several recent papers have used methods from machine learning and statistics to construct classifiers on databases of labeled, multi--epoch sources with the intention of using these classifiers to automatically infer the classes of unlabeled sources from new surveys. However, the same source observed with two different synoptic surveys will generally yield different derived metrics (features) from the light curve. Since such features are used in classifiers, this survey-dependent mismatch in feature space will typically lead to degraded classifier performance. In this paper we show how and why feature distributions change using OGLE and \textit{Hipparcos} light curves. To overcome survey systematics, we apply a method, \textit{noisification}, which attempts to empirically match distributions of features between the labeled sources used to construct the classifier and the unlabeled sources we wish to classify. Results from simulated and real--world light curves show that noisification can significantly improve classifier performance. In a three--class problem using light curves from \textit{Hipparcos} and OGLE, noisification reduces the classifier error rate from 27.0% to 7.0%. We recommend that noisification be used for upcoming surveys such as Gaia and LSST and describe some of the promises and challenges of applying noisification to these surveys.
description: 30 pages, 25 figures
Optimal Tariffs: The Evidence
Creators: name: Broda, Christian
name: Limão, Nuno
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Commerce

description: The theoretical debate over whether countries can and should set tariffs in response to the foreign export elasticities they face goes back to Edgeworth (1894). Despite the centrality of the optimal tariff argument in trade policy, there exists no evidence about whether countries actually exploit their market power in trade by setting higher tariffs on goods that are supplied inelastically. We estimate disaggregate foreign export supply elasticities and find evidence that countries that are not members of the World Trade Organization systematically set higher tariffs on goods that are supplied inelastically. The typical country in our sample sets tariffs 9 percentage points higher in goods with high market power relative to those with low market power. This large effect is of a magnitude similar to the average tariffs in the data and market power explains more of the tariff variation than a commonly used political economy variable. The result is robust to the inclusion of other determinants of tariffs and a variety of model specifications. We also find that U.S. trade restrictions that are not covered by the WTO are significantly higher in goods where the U.S. has more market power. In short, we find strong evidence that these importers have market power and use it in setting non-cooperative trade policy.
Parsing Preserving Techniques in Grammar Induction
Creators: name: Muresan, Smaranda
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this paper we present the theoretical foundation of the search space for learning a class of constraint-based grammars, which preserve the parsing of representative examples. We prove that under several assumptions the search space is a complete grammar lattice, and the lattice top element is a grammar that can always be learned from a set of representative examples and a sublanguage used to reduce the grammar semantics. This complete grammar lattice guarantees convergence of solutions of any learning algorithm that obeys the given assumptions.
Estimation of models with grouped and ungrouped data by means of "2SLS"
Creators: name: Lleras-Muney, Adriana
name: Dhrymes, Phoebus J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper deals with a special case of estimation with grouped data, where the dependent variable is only available for groups, whereas the endogenous regressor(s) is available at the individual level. In this situation, the solution adopted by researchers is to aggregate the individual data and then use standard 2SLS estimation. However when some data is available at the individual level, it might be possible to gain efficiency by estimating the first stage using the available individual data, and then estimating the second stage at the aggregate level. This estimation procedure yields a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator that we refer to as Mixed-2SLS. Depending on the parametric configuration of the model, the Mixed-2SLS estimator can be more or less efficient than standard 2SLS. The standard 2SLS estimator of this literature is asymptotically equivalent to the OLS estimator based on group data alone. A number of simulations are carried out that illustrate or confirm theoretical findings.
The potassium transporter KdpA affects persister formation by regulating ATP levels in Mycobacterium marinum
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaofan
name: Wang, Chuan
name: Yan, Bo
name: Lyu, Liangdong
name: Takiff, Howard E.
name: Gao, Qian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology

description: Mycobacterial persistence mechanisms remain to be fully characterized. Screening a transposon insertion library of Mycobacterium marinum identified kdpA, whose inactivation reduced the fraction of persisters after exposure to rifampicin. kdpA encodes a transmembrane protein that is part of the Kdp-ATPase, an ATP-dependent high-affinity potassium (K+) transport system. We found that kdpA is induced under low K+ conditions and is required for pH homeostasis and growth in media with low concentrations of K+. The inactivation of the Kdp system in a kdpA insertion mutant caused hyperpolarization of the cross-membrane potential, increased proton motive force (PMF) and elevated levels of intracellular ATP. The KdpA mutant phenotype could be complemented with a functional kdpA gene or supplementation with high K+ concentrations. Taken together, our results suggest that the Kdp system is required for ATP homeostasis and persister formation. The results also confirm that ATP-mediated regulation of persister formation is a general mechanism in bacteria, and suggest that K+ transporters could play a role in the regulation of ATP levels and persistence. These findings could have implications for the development of new drugs that could either target persisters or reduce their presence.
Confirmation of Lagrange Hypothesis for Twisted Elastic Rod
Creators: name: Kobelev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The history of structural optimization as an exact science begins possibly with the celebrated Lagrange problem: to find a curve which by its revolution about an axis in its plane determines the rod of greatest efficiency. The Lagrange hypothesis, that the optimal rod possesses the constant cross-section was abandoned for Euler buckling problem. In this Article the Lagrange hypothesis is proved to be valid for Greenhill's problem of torque buckling. The corresponding isoperimetric inequality is affirmed.
description: 4 pages
Improved Wildlife Health and Disease Surveillance through the Combined Use of Local Knowledge and Scientific Knowledge
Creators: name: Tomaselli, Matilde
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Local knowledge
subject: Inuit knowledge
subject: participatory epidemiology
subject: participatory wildlfie health and disease surveillance
subject: muskox
subject: caribou
subject: zoonoses
subject: food safety
subject: wildlife co-management.
subject: Forestry and Wildlife
subject: Veterinary Science

description: Effective health and disease surveillance of wildlife populations is necessary for evidence-based wildlife management and conservation, as well as for the protection of human and animal health. Wildlife surveillance, however, is often challenging to undertake due to numerous limitations associated with gathering and interpreting field data from free-ranging populations. This thesis illustrates a novel approach to wildlife health surveillance which overcomes these limitations by capitalizing on the experiential-based knowledge of resource users documented with participatory methods and applied in combination with conventional surveillance methods. This participatory approach was developed and applied in – and with the active participation of – the community of Cambridge Bay in the Canadian Arctic to improve veterinary surveillance of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus). In the North, harvesting muskoxen improves food security, the local economy and is connected to local indigenous culture and traditions. In Cambridge Bay, an accurate understanding of muskoxen health was urgently needed due to local concerns of possible declines and disease emergence. A participatory surveillance program composed of different activities which drew on both local knowledge and scientific knowledge was developed. Semi-structured interviews of key informants applied participatory epidemiology techniques to document local knowledge on muskox health, while scientific knowledge was generated by testing samples collected through collaboration with hunters, field investigations, and available archives. Local knowledge of key informants proved critical for filling historic and contemporary knowledge gaps on muskox health, including data on demography, morbidity, mortality and body condition, highlighting its potential to serve as an early warning system for detecting changes in wildlife health. Local knowledge informed the design of targeted scientific studies, and when combined the two knowledge systems reduced the overall uncertainty of the surveillance output. Participation of local resource users throughout the study enabled development of a surveillance adapted to the local context and needs, including customization of surveillance interventions. In addition to producing important information for Cambridge Bay and the local muskox population, this thesis develops the field of participatory wildlife surveillance by illustrating the broader applicability of this approach for enhancing the capacity for health surveillance of other wildlife species, both harvested and not, and in other settings.
Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory in a finite volume: scalar meson sector
Creators: name: Döring, M.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
name: Oset, E.
name: Rusetsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a scheme for the extraction of the properties of the scalar mesons f0(600), f0(980), and a0(980) from lattice QCD data. This scheme is based on a two-channel chiral unitary approach with fully relativistic propagators in a finite volume. In order to discuss the feasibility of finding the mass and width of the scalar resonances, we analyze synthetic lattice data with a fixed error assigned, and show that the framework can be indeed used for an accurate determination of resonance pole positions in the multi-channel scattering.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures
Editorial
Creators: name: Keller, Anke
name: Sigelen, Alexander
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Black Markets and Optimal Evadable Taxation
Creators: name: McLaren, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: A simple model of indirect taxation, evasion, and enforcement is presented in which some surprising results emerge. Because of a "˜market-thinning' effect of high prices, high taxes lead to multiple equilibria (low-price black markets and high-price legal markets), and black-market comparative statics tend to give the "˜wrong' sign. Further, the incentive compatibility constraint for tax compliance is shown to confer a kind of concavity on enforcement costs. As a result, enforcement costs may be minimized by tax rates that vary dramatically between sectors. This consideration is dominant for relatively ineffective tax administrations, so for them the optimal tax system follows a "˜cash cow' pattern, with one sector bearing all of the tax; but for relatively effective administrations, the optimum follows a slightly modified Ramsey rule. This bifurcation of the parameter space provides one approach to a positive theory of tax systems.
Identification and Estimation of Dynamic Factor Models
Creators: name: Bai, Jushan
name: Wang, Peng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics

description: We consider a set of minimal identification conditions for dynamic factor models. These conditions have economic interpretations, and require fewer number of restrictions than when putting in a static-factor form. Under these restrictions, a standard structural vector autoregression (SVAR) with or without measurement errors can be embedded into a dynamic factor model. More generally, we also consider overidentification restrictions to achieve efficiency. General linear restrictions, either in the form of known factor loadings or cross-equation restrictions, are considered. We further consider serially correlated idiosyncratic errors with heterogeneous coefficients. A numerically stable Bayesian algorithm for the dynamic factor model with general parameter restrictions is constructed for estimation and inference. A square-root form of Kalman filter is shown to improve robustness and accuracy when sampling the latent factors. Confidence intervals (bands) for the parameters of interest such as impulse responses are readily computed. Similar identification conditions are also exploited for multi-level factor models, and they allow us to study the spill-over effects of the shocks arising from one group to another.
Characterization of Rapid Nongenomic Cortisol Signalling in Rainbow Trout Liver
Creators: name: Thraya, Marwa
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Glucocorticoids
subject: Nongenomic signalling
subject: metabolism
subject: Stress response
subject: Glucocorticoid receptor
subject: Teleosts
subject: Liver
subject: Animal Physiology
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Glucocorticoids are critical in the regulation of metabolic processes for stress adaptation. Cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid in fish, exerts physiological effects through genomic and nongenomic signalling pathways. The genomic response to cortisol is characterized by activation of the corticosteroid receptors, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), whereas the nongenomic cortisol response involves rapid changes to downstream second-messenger signalling cascades independent of gene regulation. However, nongenomic glucocorticoid signalling remains poorly characterized in teleost models and even more so in the liver, despite the importance of this tissue in regulating both metabolic and physiological adjustments in the face of a stressor. Therefore, the primary objective of this thesis was to further elucidate mechanisms of rapid cortisol signalling in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver. The hypothesis tested was that activation of secondary-signalling cascades would mediate rapid cortisol effects and glucocorticoid-membrane receptor(s) were involved in initiating this response. Indeed, stress and the attendant rise in cortisol rapidly modulated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and glutathione production in vivo. While corticosteroid receptors were identified on the plasma membrane, RU486 had no effect on CREB signalling or ROS generation in vitro, suggesting that these endpoints are GR-independent. Also, cortisol did not rapidly affect the transcript abundance of glucocorticoid-responsive genes associated with the corticosteroid receptors along with biomarkers for immune, growth, metabolic, and oxidative stress systems, suggesting a role for genomic activation in directly regulating the stress response. Furthermore, a membrane-specific cortisol receptor(s) remains unidentified in any species. Altogether, the results presented here propose a role for rapid nongenomic glucocorticoid signalling in modulating the stress-mediated metabolic responses in fish liver, and this provides a novel approach in studying the role of glucocorticoids in mediating stress coping mechanisms.
Inhalt
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Formation of neutral disk-like zone around the active hot stars in symbiotic binaries
Creators: name: Carikova, Zuzana
name: Skopal, Augustin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we present the ionization structure in the enhanced wind from the hot star in symbiotic binaries during active phases. Rotation of the hot star leads to the compression of the outflowing material towards its equatorial plane. As a result a neutral disk-like zone around the active hot star near the orbital plane is created. We modelled the compression of the wind using the wind compression model. Further, we calculated the neutral disk-like zone in the enhanced wind from the hot star using the equation of the photoionization equilibrium. The presence of such neutral disk-like zones was also suggested on the basis of the modelling the spectral energy distribution of symbiotic binaries. We confront the calculated ionization structures in the enhanced wind from the hot star with the observations. We found that the calculated column density of the neutral hydrogen atoms in the neutral disk-like zone and the emission measure of the ionized part of the wind from the hot star are in a good agreement with quantities derived from observations during active phases. The presence of such neutral disk-like zones is transient, being connected with the active phases of symbiotic binaries. During quiescent phases, such neutral disk-like zones cannot be created, because of insufficient mass loss rate of the hot star.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Asiago Workshop on Symbiotic Stars, A. Siviero and U. Munari eds., Baltic Astronomy special issue
Forward-looking behavior, precautionary savings, and borrowing constraints in a poor, agrarian economy: tests using rainfall data
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Shubham
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: Household in many poor, agrarian economies derive their income from rain-dependent agriculture. This dependence raises the possibility that, from rainfall patterns early on in the crop-cycle, households accumulate information about future cash inflows (e.g., harvests) before the cashflows are realized. Using detailed longitudinal data from three villages in India, this paper explores whether households utilize this information in the ways suggested by modern consumption theories. Two of the central hypotheses suggested by these theories are that households are forward-looking in their consumption behavior and the react optimally to the receipt of information; and that in the face of uncertainty about future incomes, households engage in precautionary saving. The basic challenge in implementing tests of these hypotheses has been to find empirical measures of the 'news' that households receive, and the uncertainty they face. I show that, in the villages I study, rainfall patterns provide good proxies from which such measures might be constructed. I exploit this fact to test for precautionary saving and forward looking behavior. I find that precautionary saving and forward-looking behavior do not, by themselves, fully explain the observed consumption patterns. However, when I explicitly incorporate the possibility of binding borrowing constraints into the testing strategy, I obtain fairly strong support for the joint hypothesis of precautionary saving and forward-looking behavior in the presence of borrowing constraints.
Magnetic field transport from disk to halo via the galactic chimney process in NGC 6946
Creators: name: Heald, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies is directly affected by the mass and energy outflows originating in regions of star formation. Magnetic fields are an essential ingredient of the ISM, but their connection to the gaseous medium and its evolution remains poorly understood. Here we present the detection of a gradient in Faraday rotation measure (RM), co-located with a hole in the neutral hydrogen (HI) distribution in the disk of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6946. The gas kinematics in the same location show evidence for infall of cold gas. The combined characteristics of this feature point to a substantial vertical displacement of the initially plane-parallel ordered magnetic field, driven by a localized star formation event. This reveals how the large-scale magnetic field pattern in galaxy disks is directly influenced by internal energetic phenomena. Conversely, magnetic fields are observed to be an important ingredient in disk-halo interactions, as predicted in MHD simulations. Turbulent magnetic fields at smaller spatial scales than the observed RM gradient will also be carried from the disk and provide a mechanism for the dynamo process to amplify the ordered magnetic field without quenching. We discuss the observational biases, and suggest that this is a common feature of star forming galaxies with active disk-halo flows.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Slightly updated to adjust labeling in Fig. 1
MOESM3 of A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus
Creators: name: Yin, Qingqing
name: Li, Li
name: Guo, Xiang
name: Wu, Rangke
name: Shi, Benyun
name: Wang, Yuji
name: Liu, Yingjie
name: Wu, Shang
name: Pan, Yicheng
name: Wang, Qi
name: Xie, Tian
name: Hu, Tian
name: Xia, Dan
name: Xia, Shang
name: Kambalame, Dzinkambani
name: Li, Wanyu
name: Song, Zhangyao
name: Zhou, Siyun
name: Deng, Ye
name: Xie, Yu
name: Zhou, Xiao-Nong
name: Wang, Chunmei
name: Chen, Xiao-Guang
name: Zhou, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. The fixed values of other variables.
The Design and Implementation of Elastic Quotas: A System for Flexible File System Management
Creators: name: Leonard, Ozgur Can
name: Nieh, Jason
name: Zadok, Erez
name: Shater, Ariye
name: Osborn, Jeffrey
name: Wright, Charles P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: We introduce elastic quotas, a disk space management technique that makes disk space an elastic resource like CPU and memory. Elastic quotas allow all users to use unlimited amounts of available disk space while still providing system administrators the ability to control how the disk space is allocated among users. Elastic quotas maintain existing persistent file semantics while supporting user-controlled policies for removing files when the file system becomes too full. We have implemented an elastic quota system in Solaris and measured its performance. The system is simple to implement, requires no kernel modifications, and is compatible with existing disk space management methods. Our results show that elastic quotas are an effective, low-overhead solution for flexible file system management.
Schatten-von Neumann estimates for resolvent differences of Robin Laplacians on a half-space
Creators: name: Lotoreichik, Vladimir
name: Rohleder, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The difference of the resolvents of two Laplacians on a half-space subject to Robin boundary conditions is studied. In general this difference is not compact, but it will be shown that it is compact and even belongs to some Schatten-von-Neumann class, if the coefficients in the boundary condition are sufficiently close to each other in a proper sense. In certain cases the resolvent difference is shown to belong even to the same Schatten-von Neumann class as it is known for the resolvent difference of two Robin Laplacians on a domain with a compact boundary.
description: to appear in Operator Theory: Advances and Applications; 15 pages
Evaluating the Association Between Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit and Subsequent Neuropsychiatric Disorders Post-Stay
Creators: name: Brown, Kyla Nicole
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systematic review
subject: meta-analysis
subject: retrospective cohort
subject: intensive care
subject: neuropsychiatric disorders
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Psychology--Cognitive

description: Individuals without pre-existing neuropsychiatric disorders are reported to be at increased risk of developing a neuropsychiatric disorder after admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This risk may be attributed to the severity of illness and the nature of therapies provided, including intubation, medically induced coma, and numerous medications. Furthermore, approximately half of ICU patients develop delirium during their stay, which may further add to the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders experienced by these patients. If delirium is not identified and treatment initiated early, patients may be at risk for adverse consequences, such as increased mortality, increased length of hospital stay and further cognitive impairment. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to (1) examine the overall prevalence and (2) incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders following a stay in a general systems ICU; and (3) determine the association between delirium in the ICU and an onset of a neuropsychiatric disorders subsequent to the ICU stay. The objectives for this study were addressed in two phases. In phase one, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to address the overall pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, trauma-and-stressor related, and neurocognitive disorders. Based on the analysis, the overall pooled prevalence of the disorders was: 32% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 25%-39%), 32% (95% CI 24%-40%), 23% (95% CI 18%- 28%), and 42% (95% CI 25%-60%), respectively. The systematic review revealed a significant association between delirium and neuropsychiatric disorders (specifically trauma-and-stressor related and neurocognitive disorders). In phase two, a retrospective cohort study using administrative databases was conducted. The cumulative incidence for depressive, anxiety, trauma-and-stressor related, and neurocognitive disorders were: 10.6%, 8.9%, 2.5%, and 3.7%, respectively. The study results suggested that for patients who ever had delirium in the ICU, there was a 1.23 times the risk of developing any neuropsychiatric disorder compared to those who never had delirium in the ICU. Early treatment of delirium may be necessary to reduce the morbidity of delirium and possibly the subsequent development of neuropsychiatric disorders post-ICU stay.
Propensity score matching methods for non-experimental causal studies
Creators: name: Dehejia, Rajeev H.
name: Wahba, Sadek
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper considers causal inference and sample selection bias in non-experimental settings in which: (i) few units in the non-experimental comparison group are comparable to the treatment units; and (ii) selecting a subset of comparison units similar to the treatment units is difficult because units must be compared across a high-dimensional set of pretreatment characteristics. We discuss the use of propensity score matching methods, and implement them using data from the NSW experiment. Following Lalonde (1986), we pair the experimental treated units with non-experimental comparison units from the CPS and PSID, and compare the estimates of the treatment effect obtained using our methods to the benchmark results from the experiment. For both comparison groups, we show that the methods succeed in focusing attention on the small subset of the comparison units comparable to the treated units and, hence, in alleviating the bias due to systematic differences between the treated and comparison units.
Additional file 6 of Time-resolved multi-omics analysis reveals the role of nutrient stress-induced resource reallocation for TAG accumulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina
Creators: name: Lu, Hengqian
name: Chen, Haiqin
name: Tang, Xin
name: Yang, Qin
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Chen, Yong Q.
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Additional Methods.
Titelei
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Year: 2022

description: KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit, Bd. 2 (2022): KULTEC – Magazin für Technik, Kultur und Museumsarbeit
Higher-dimensional DBI Solitons
Creators: name: Ramadhan, Handhika S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the theory of a (global) texture with DBI-like Lagrangian, the higher-dimensional generalization of the previously known chiral Born-Infeld theory. This model evades Derrick's theorem and enables the existence of solitonic solutions in arbitrary D-dimensions. We explicitly show the solutions in spherically-symmetric ansatz. These are examples of extended topological solitons. We then investigate the coupling of this theory to gravity, and obtain the static self-gravitating solitonic p-brane solutions. These non-singular branes can be identified as the smooth versions of cosmic p-branes which, in the thin-wall limit, suffers from naked singularities.
description: Some notation changed to avoid confusion; accepted for publication in Phys Rev D
Machine Learning in Molecular Biology Sequence Analysis
Creators: name: Chan, Philip K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Computer science
Machine learning
Molecular biology

description: To investigate how human characteristics are inherited, molecular biologists have been analyzing chemical sequences from DNA, RNA, and proteins. To facilitate this process, sequence analysis knowledge has been encoded in computer programs. However, translating human knowledge to programs is known to be problematic. Machine Learning techniques allow these systems to be generated automatically. This article discusses the application of learning techniques to various analysis tasks. It is shown that the learned systems constructed to date are often more accurate than human-designed systems. Moreover, learning can form plausible new hypotheses, which potentially lead to discovering new knowledge.