Neoperlops triangulatus Mo &amp; Wang &amp; Li &amp; Murányi 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Mo, Raorao
name: Wang, Guoquan
name: Li, Weihai
name: Murányi, Dávid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Neoperlops
Neoperlops triangulatus

description: <i>Neoperlops triangulatus</i> sp. nov. (Figs. 3–8) <b>Adult habitus</b>. General color brown. Head brown with a large dark brown trapezoidal marking, covering ocellar area and extending forward to pale M-line; tentorial callosities slender with curved tips, included in the dark brown patch (Figs. 3a, 5a). Biocellate, distance between ocelli about twice as wide as diameter of the ocellus, tentorial cal- losities set close to ocelli. Palpi brown; antennae dark brown, scape paler. Pronotum brown and elongate oval, with a pair of pale brown areas at lateral surfaces; lateral and posterior margins dark brown; rugosities large but obscure except two darker and distinct rugosities present on mediolateral surfaces; slightly narrower than head with eyes (Figs. 3a, 5a). Meso- and metathorax ventrally pale, dorsally with brown to dark brown pattern; metathorax with anteromedial brush, being much sparser on the female. Wings membrane brownish with darker veins. Legs pale brown but distal one fourth of femora to tarsi dark brown (Fig. 4a). Abdomen pale, sterna 5–7 with medial brush; cerci brown, relatively long. <b>Male</b> (Figs. 3–4). Forewing length 16.0– 17.5 mm; hindwing length 15.0–16.0 mm. Terga 7–9 bear prominent mesal patches of sensilla basiconica, among them, the patch of sensilla basiconica of tergum 9 is interrupted by a narrow bare band (Figs. 3 b–d). Hemitergal anterior processes short and flat, spatula shaped in lateral aspect, lacking strong setae; inner basal surface of hemiterga inflated, cushion-like and covered with minute sensilla basiconica (Figs. 3 b–d). Aedeagus (Figs. 4 b–e) mostly membranous but weak sclerotization occurs in basal half; slightly constricted medially and strongly curved ventrally, shape like a “hair dryer;” apical half distinctly enlarged. Basal portion with dorsal field of small scales, a large patch of fine triangular spines covers most of the enlarged apical half but is interrupted by the triangular membranous lobe on the dorsum; apex membranous, bare. <b>Female</b>. Forewing length 27.0– 28.5 mm; hindwing length 22.0–23.0 mm. abdominal sterna generally pale, but sterna 5–7 medially darker around poorly developed brush. Sternum 8 with small, brown and triangular subgenital plate, forming a distinct bump in lateral view (Figs. 5 c–d). Sternum 9 with mediolateral pair of brown spots, sternum 10 unmodified, paraproct pale and blunt. Vagina simple, membranous. <b>Egg</b> (Fig. 5b). Length 0.32–0.40 mm, width 0.28–0.36 mm (N=8). Outline oval, nearly globular, chorion dark brown. Opercular line is at one fourth to opercular end. Chorion smooth, micropyles indistinct. Collar short but distinctly flanged, collar rim sinuous. Anchor consists of tentacle-like fibers. <b>Larva.</b> Body length of female larvae 21.0– 22.5 mm, male exuviae 14.0– 16.5 mm, female exuviae 21.0–23.0 mm. General color brown, with dark brown pattern on head and thorax, and reddish terminal terga and cerci (Fig. 8a); ventral surface generally pale (Figs. 6 e–f). Head mostly dark brown but with pale occiput, tentorial callosities, a transverse patch anterior to M-line, and smaller anteromedial patch on frons; occipital area not elongated, eyes normal sized. Biocellate, distance between ocelli about twice as wide as diameter of one ocellus, tentorial callosities longitudinally elongated and set close to ocelli. Occipital ridge distinct, row of occipital setae complete, setae rather long around eyes; remainder of the head covered by fine, black clothing hairs (Fig. 6a). Antenna brown, palpi pale brown (Fig. 6c). Postmentum undivided, glossa and paraglossa usual for the family (Fig. 6e). Lacinia bidentate, apical tooth longer than subapical tooth, marginal fringe consists of 6–8 strong setae and several thin hairs; galea as long as apical tooth of lacinia, bears only apical setae (Fig. 7f). Mandible wide, having two molar and two or three incisors, molar brush dense and relatively long (Fig. 7e). Pronotum with rounded corners, less than twice wider than long, marginal row of setae complete, moderately long; the disc is brown to pale brown but submarginal edges dark brown, rugosities numerous but not distinct (Fig. 6b). Meso- and metanotum similar in coloration, all thoracic segments covered by fine, black clothing hairs. Mesosternum with long furcasternal pit, furcasternal arms also long (Fig. 6e). Thoracic gills moderately long and with dense branches (Fig. 6e). Proventricular teeth denser on the basal section of folds (Fig. 7b). Legs long, dorsal row of swimming hairs dense, long and distinct on femora, similar on tibiae; surface setation consists of black clothing hairs and regularly placed, short brown setae (Figs. 6c, 7a, 8b). Abdominal terga lack distinct pattern, but gradually darkened towards terminalia, with a reddish hint (Fig. 8b). All terga bear dense apical row of setae with equal length, about of one fourth of segment length; most of the surface is covered with fine, black clothing hairs, and short setae similar to those on femora; medial silky hairs incomplete, scarce (Figs. 6d, 7a, 7c). Clothing hairs pale on sterna, stout brown setae present on lateral areas; the apical row medially widely interrupted on sterna 2–5, complete on sterna 6–10 in case of males while on female sternum 8 it is narrowly interrupted by the shallow genital notch (Fig. 6f). Paraproct simple, bears a long and dense anal gill (Figs. 6f, 7 c–d). Cercus as long as the body, reddish, lacks swimming hairs; apical row consists of short but erect, brown setae, intercalary hairs long and pale, fit tight (Figs. 7 c–d). <b>Type material</b>. Holotype male (HIST): CHINA, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shangsi County, Shiwanda Mts, Wanggui Village, Pinglong River at the village, 21°52.411' N, 107°49.996' E, 260m, 2015.iii.28, J. Kontschán, W.H. Li, D. Murányi, G.Q. Wang. Paratypes: same data as holotype: 3 males 1 female (HIST), 2 males, 1 female with its exuviae, 3 male and 3 female exuviae (HNHM); Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, Minan River, 21°51.869' N, 107°50.712' E, 300m, 2015.iii.28, J. Kontschán, W.H. Li, D. Murányi, G.Q. Wang: 1 female larva (HIST), 1 female larva (HNHM); Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, Pearl River below tourist route bridge, 21°54.122' N, 107°54.292' E, 315m, 2015.iii.29, J. Kontschán, J.N. Li, S. Li, W.H. Li, D. Murányi, G.Q. Wang: 1 female larva, 1 male exuviae (HNHM). <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name is composed of the Latin words “tri” (three) and “angulus” (angle) and refers to the shape of the triangular lobe in dorsum of aedeagus. <b>Distribution and ecology.</b> China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shiwandashan Mountains. Larvae and exuviae were found at three nearby small stony rivers. Adults were emerging only at the Pinglong River (Fig. 8a). No adults were attracted to light. The species was found at the Pinglong River with several other Perlidae, a few Nemouridae and Leuctridae species; exuviae of a Chloroperlidae species was found. <b>Remarks</b>. The female of the new species is similar to the types of <i>N. obscuripennis</i> in coloration but differs with nearly globular eggs differing from elongated oval eggs of the types. As mentioned above, Vietnamese specimens reported by Stark &amp; Sivec (2008) as <i>N. obscuripennis,</i> clearly belong to two species. The illustrated Vietnamese adults differ from the new species by small dark pattern on head, undivided sensilla basiconica patch on male tergum 9, presence of spines on the apex of male hemiterga, much more scales on the basal half of the aedeagus, and nearly erect shape of the aedeagus (Stark &amp; Sivec 2008, figs. 2–4). <i>Neoperlops vietnamellus,</i> the third species of the <i>obscuripennis</i> group, differs from the new species by partly divided sensilla basiconica patch on tergum 9, fingerlike apex of the male hemiterga, and more dense surface structures of the aedeagus (Cao &amp; Bae 2008, figs. 4–7). The larva can be distinguished from <i>N. vietnamellus</i> and the Vietnamese specimens illustrated by Stark &amp; Sivec (2008) based on different head pattern, in addition, from <i>N. vietnamellus</i> by complete marginal row of setae on pronotum, and scarce medial silky hairs on the abdomen.
description: Published as part of <i>Mo, Raorao, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai &amp; Murányi, Dávid, 2020, Review of the Oriental genus Neoperlops Banks, 1939 (Plecoptera: Perlidae), pp. 405-418 in Zootaxa 4763 (3)</i> on pages 409-417, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3759537
description: {"references": ["Stark, B. P. &amp; Sivec, I. (2008) Descriptions of male and larval stages for Neoperlops obscuripennis Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Illiesia, 4 (10), 94 - 98.", "Cao, T. K. T. &amp; Bae, Y. J. (2008) Neoperlops vietnamellus, a rare stonefly from Vietnam (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Zootaxa, 1968 (1), 33 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1968.1.3"]}