cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Correlations within Eigenvectors and Transition Amplitudes in the Two-Body Random Interaction Model
Creators: name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Gribakin, G. F.
name: Izrailev, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the two-body character of the interaction in a many-body system gives rise to specific correlations between the components of compound states, even if this interaction is completely random. Surprisingly, these correlations increase with the increase of the number of active (valence) particles. Statistical theory of transition amplitudes between compound states, which takes into account these correlation is developed and tested within the framework of the Two-Body Random Interaction Model. It is demonstrated that a feature, which can be called ``correlation resonance'', appears in the distribution of the transition matrix amplitudes, since the correlations strongly reduce the transition amplitudes at the tails and increase them near the maximum of the distribution.
description: 20 pages in Latex and 15 Postscript figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E (1996)
Transdiagnostic inflexible learning dynamics explain deficits in depression and schizophrenia
Creators: name: Kirschner, Hans
name: Nassar, Matthew R.
name: Fischer, Adrian G.
name: Frodl, Thomas
name: Meyer-Lotz, Gabriela
name: Froböse, Sören
name: Seidenbecher, Stephanie
name: Klein, Tilmann A.
name: Ullsperger, Markus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: reward learning
subject: computational psychiatry
subject: EEG
subject: depression
subject: schizophrenia
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Deficits in reward learning are core symptoms across many mental disorders. Recent work suggests that such learning impairments arise by a diminished ability to use reward history to guide behaviour, but the neuro-computational mechanisms through which these impairments emerge remain unclear. Moreover, limited work has taken a transdiagnostic approach to investigate whether the psychological and neural mechanisms that give rise to learning deficits are shared across forms of psychopathology. To provide insight into this issue, we explored probabilistic reward learning in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (n = 33) or schizophrenia (n = 24) and 33 matched healthy controls by combining computational modelling and single-trial EEG regression. In our task, participants had to integrate the reward history of a stimulus to decide whether it is worthwhile to gamble on it. Adaptive learning in this task is achieved through dynamic learning rates that are maximal on the first encounters with a given stimulus and decay with increasing stimulus repetitions. Hence, over the course of learning, choice preferences would ideally stabilize and be less susceptible to misleading information. We show evidence of reduced learning dynamics, whereby both patient groups demonstrated hypersensitive learning (i.e. less decaying learning rates), rendering their choices more susceptible to misleading feedback. Moreover, there was a schizophrenia-specific approach bias and a depression-specific heightened sensitivity to disconfirmational feedback (factual losses and counterfactual wins). The inflexible learning in both patient groups was accompanied by altered neural processing, including no tracking of expected values in either patient group. Taken together, our results thus provide evidence that reduced trial-by-trial learning dynamics reflect a convergent deficit across depression and schizophrenia. Moreover, we identified disorder distinct learning deficits.
title: The Moon to Light the Night: Gender as Ideology and Lived Experience on the North Coast of Peru
Creators: name: Sargent, Katherine
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Gender
subject: Peru
subject: Andean ideology
subject: Bioarchaeology
subject: Andean cosmology
subject: North Coast of Peru

description: This thesis explores gender ideology, identity, and roles on the north coast of Peru. Utilizing a large dataset consisting of over one thousand individuals, statistical analysis was conducted to compare the prevalence of pathological conditions between the pre-Hispanic and postcontact periods, as well as between males and females in these periods. The results of this analysis support ideas regarding the complementarity of genders in the pre-Hispanic period, as well as changing gender ideology with the arrival of the Spanish. Case studies are provided in an attempt to “fill in the gaps” of the broad trends indicated by the statistical analysis. This thesis concludes by arguing for the existence of a gender system of nesting mirrored and inverted complements which was internalized in the form of relatively fluid gender identities which could shift over the life-course.
Apparent delocalisation of the current flow in metallic wires observed with diamond nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry
Creators: name: Tetienne, J. -P.
name: Dontschuk, N.
name: Broadway, D. A.
name: Lillie, S. E.
name: Teraji, T.
name: Simpson, D. A.
name: Stacey, A.
name: Hollenberg, L. C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a quantitative analysis of the magnetic field generated by a continuous current running in metallic micro-wires fabricated on an electrically insulating diamond substrate. A layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres engineered near the diamond surface is employed to obtain spatial maps of the vector magnetic field, by measuring Zeeman shifts through optically-detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The in-plane magnetic field (i.e. parallel to the diamond surface) is found to be significantly weaker than predicted, while the out-of-plane field also exhibits an unexpected modulation. We show that the measured magnetic field is incompatible with Ampere's circuital law or Gauss's law for magnetism when we assume that the current is confined to the metal, independent of the details of the current density. This result was reproduced in several diamond samples, with a measured deviation from Ampere's law by as much as 94(6)\%. To resolve this apparent magnetic anomaly, we introduce a generalised description whereby the current is allowed to flow both above the NV sensing layer (including in the metallic wire) and below the NV layer (i.e. in the diamond). Inversion of the Biot-Savart law within this two-channel description leads to a unique solution for the two current densities, which completely explains the data, is consistent with the laws of classical electrodynamics and indicates a total NV-measured current that closely matches the electrically-measured current. However, this description also leads to the surprising conclusion that in certain circumstances the majority of the current appears to flow in the diamond substrate rather than in the metallic wire, and to spread laterally in the diamond by several micrometres away from the wire. No electrical conduction was observed between nearby test wires, ruling out a conventional conductivity effect. [...]
description: Includes new data and discussions
title: The Divya Desam Temples: A Premise for Analyzing the Srivaisnava Dispute in South India
Creators: name: Iyengar, Ramaseshan
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Vaisnavism
subject: Religious conflict
subject: Temples
subject: Hinduism
subject: South India
subject: Theology

description: This thesis aims to analyze a semi-latent conflict in the Srivaisnava sect of Hinduism practiced primarily in South India. Specifically, the thesis will first look at the historical background of Srivaisnavism, from its early history in the Vedas, Upanishads and the Bhakti movement to its philosophically formative stages under the reign of its strongest proponent, Ramanuja, to the metamorphic era in the twelfth century that led to its theological split into two separate streams of practice. The early historical context will touch upon the socio-religious context in India that led to the birth of Srivaisnavism. The thesis will study the causal factors that led up to the split of Srivaisnavism into two contending branches of Srivaisnava practice. This thesis will analyze, using the Divya Desam temples as its premise, the current dimensions of the Srivaisnava conflict. These temples are the single biggest topic of contention between the two Srivaisnava groups, thus, being the primary focus of conciliatory approaches that will be discussed in this paper. The paper will then look at the factors contributing to the very manifestation of the conflict and will compare the Srivaisnava conflict situation with other glaring examples of conflicts, and their resultant outcomes, in an attempt to further reiterate the importance of addressing this situation in the near future. In order to address a comprehensive intervention approach, this thesis will suggest a two-pronged intervention strategy. Starting with the judicial approach, this study will discuss the necessity for the involvement of legal research teams in analyzing the claims made by the two groups and the various religious institutions in order to better evaluate the current conflict scenario. The second approach suggested by this paper will involve both the religious leaders and the grassroots members of the Srivaisnava community alike. In this mediatory approach, the focus will primarily be on the Lederachian model of relationship building between the two groups and within the community. This approach will involve changes in deep-rooted narrative changes to influence the community members against discriminating against each other; development of common rituals, symbols and festivals for the two groups; progressive paradigm shifts to change the existent biases and prejudices. Although this approach may seem less pragmatic in the beginning, the paper will provide practical solutions aimed at driving the two groups towards the solutions devised in this mediatory approach.
การพัฒนารูปแบบกิจกรรมการออกกำลังกายโดยใช้ท่านาฏศิลป์ประยุกต์สำหรับผู้สูงอายุ
Creators: name: ประวิทย์ ฤทธิบูลย์
Publisher: name: สำนักงานบริหารการวิจัย นวัตกรรมและการสร้างสรรค์
Year: 2023
Subjects: กิจกรรมการออกกำลังกาย
นาฏศิลป์ประยุกต์
ผู้สูงอายุ

description: Silpakorn University e-Journal (Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts), 43, 6, 91-105
Synapsin condensation controls synaptic vesicle sequestering and dynamics
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Christian
name: Rentsch, Jakob
name: Tsunoyama, Taka A.
name: Chhabra, Akshita
name: Aguilar Perez, Gerard
name: Chowdhury, Rajdeep
name: Trnka, Franziska
name: Korobeinikov, Aleksandr A.
name: Shaib, Ali H.
name: Ewers, Helge
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysical chemistry
subject: Membrane trafficking
subject: Molecular neuroscience
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Neuronal transmission relies on the regulated secretion of neurotransmitters, which are packed in synaptic vesicles (SVs). Hundreds of SVs accumulate at synaptic boutons. Despite being held together, SVs are highly mobile, so that they can be recruited to the plasma membrane for their rapid release during neuronal activity. However, how such confinement of SVs corroborates with their motility remains unclear. To bridge this gap, we employ ultrafast single-molecule tracking (SMT) in the reconstituted system of native SVs and in living neurons. SVs and synapsin 1, the most highly abundant synaptic protein, form condensates with liquid-like properties. In these condensates, synapsin 1 movement is slowed in both at short (i.e., 60-nm) and long (i.e., several hundred-nm) ranges, suggesting that the SV-synapsin 1 interaction raises the overall packing of the condensate. Furthermore, two-color SMT and super-resolution imaging in living axons demonstrate that synapsin 1 drives the accumulation of SVs in boutons. Even the short intrinsically-disordered fragment of synapsin 1 was sufficient to restore the native SV motility pattern in synapsin triple knock-out animals. Thus, synapsin 1 condensation is sufficient to guarantee reliable confinement and motility of SVs, allowing for the formation of mesoscale domains of SVs at synapses in vivo.
Blood compatibility of poly(propylene glycol diester) and its water structure observed by differential scanning calorimetry and 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mochizuki, Akira
name: Udagawa, Ayaka
name: Miwa, Yuko
name: Oda, Yoshiki
name: Yoneyama, Konatsu
name: Okuda, Chihiro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plasma Physics
subject: Hematology

description: Recently, we applied solution 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2H NMR) to analyze the water (deuterium oxide, D2O) structure in several biopolymers at ambient temperature. We established that polymers with good blood compatibility (i.e. poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA)) have water observed at high magnetic fields (upfield) compared with bulk water. Polymers containing poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) or poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) exhibit good compatibility; however, the reason for this remains unclear. In addition, reports on the blood compatibility of PPO/PPG are limited. Therefore, PPG diester (PPGest) was prepared as a model polymer, and its blood compatibility and water structure were investigated. PPGest exhibited excellent blood compatibility. The water in PPGest was observed upfield by 2H NMR, and it was defined as non-freezing water via differential scanning calorimetry. Based on these observations, the relationship between the blood compatibility and water structure of PPGest is discussed by comparing with those of PMEA, and the reason for the good performance of PPG/PPO-based polymers is discussed.
Time distribution and loss of scaling in granular flow
Creators: name: Tadic, Bosiljka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two cellular automata models with directed mass flow and internal time scales are studied by numerical simulations. Relaxation rules are a combination of probabilistic critical height (probability of toppling $p$) and deterministic critical slope processes with internal correlation time $t_c$ equal to the avalanche lifetime, in Model A, and $t_c\equiv 1$, in Model B. In both cases nonuniversal scaling properties of avalanche distributions are found for $p\ge p^\star $, where $p^\star$ is related to directed percolation threshold in $d=3$. Distributions of avalanche durations for $p\ge p^\star $ are studied in detail, exhibiting multifractal scaling behavior in model A, and finite size scaling behavior in model B, and scaling exponents are determined as a function of $p$. At $p=p^\star$ a phase transition to noncritical steady state occurs. Due to difference in the relaxation mechanisms, avalanche statistics at $p^\star$ approaches the parity conserving universality class in Model A, and the mean-field universality class in Model B. We also estimate roughness exponent at the transition.
Scalability of digital psychological innovations for refugees: A comparative analysis in Egypt, Germany, and Sweden
Creators: name: Woodward, Aniek
name: Burchert, Sebastian
name: Barry, Alexandra S.
name: Broerse, Jacqueline E. W.
name: Sondorp, Egbert
name: Bold, Anoushka
name: Ruberl, Alexander
name: Hessling, Jonas M.)
name: Knaevelsrud, Christine
name: Roberts, Bayard
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Syrian refugees
subject: e-mental health
subject: Step-by-Step
subject: Scalability
subject: Egypt
subject: Germany
subject: Sweden
subject: Systems perspective
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: E-mental health interventions may offer innovative means to increase access to psychological support and improve the mental health of refugees. However, there is limited knowledge about how these innovations can be scaled up and integrated sustainably into routine services. This study examined the scalability of a digital psychological intervention called Step-by-Step (SbS) for refugees in Egypt, Germany, and Sweden. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 88) with Syrian refugees, and experts in SbS or refugee' mental health systems in the three countries. Data collection and analysis were guided by a system innovation perspective. Interviewees identified three contextual factors that influenced scalability of SbS in each country: increasing use of e-health, the COVID-19 pandemic, and political instability. Nine factors lay at the interface between the innovation and potential delivery systems, and these were categorised by culture (ways of thinking), structure (ways of organising), and practice (ways of doing). Factors related to culture included: perceived need and acceptability of the innovation. Acceptability was influenced by mental health stigma and awareness, digital trust, perceived novelty of self-help interventions, and attitudes towards non-specialist (e-helper) support. Factors related to structure included financing, regulations, accessibility, competencies of e-helpers, and quality control. Factors related to practice were barriers in the initial and continued engagement of end-users. Many actors with a potential stake in the integration of SbS across the three countries were identified, with nineteen stakeholders deemed most powerful. Several context-specific integration scenarios were developed, which need to be tested. We conclude that integrating novel e-mental health interventions for refugees into routine services will be a complex task due to the many interrelated factors and actors involved. Multi-stakeholder collaboration, including the involvement of end-users, will be essential. Previous article in issue
Plasma flow control in a rarefied Mach20 flow over a flat plate
Creators: name: LAGO, Viviana
name: JOUSSOT, Romain
name: COUMAR, Sandra
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences. Madrid, Spain, 1-4 july 2019
Year: 2019
Subjects: AERODYNAMICS
FLOW CONTROL
ATMOSPHERIC REENTRY
TEST FACILITIES

description: This paper presents an experimental investigation focusing on plasma flow control efficiency in hypersonic and rarefied regime. This work was carried out at the ICARE laboratory by the Fast team with the hypersonic an rarefied facility MARHY (ex SR3). Experiments concern the modification of the flow field above a sharp flat plate using a surface plasma actuator. The working condition is defined by a Mach 20.2 flow, with a static pressure of 0.068 Pa simulting pressure conditions at 100km of altitude. The plasma actuator is an aluminium alectrode placed at the leading edge of the plate and biased with a nanosecond pulsed power supply. A range of repetition rate pulse and output voltages values have been invetigated to evluate their efficiency. Flow field modifications were observed with an iCCD intensified camera and the analysis of the images showed the modification of the shock wave shape and the angle increase for all experimental conditions.
X-ray induced ultrafast charge transfer in thiophene-based conjugated polymers controlled by core-hole clock spectroscopy
Creators: name: Velasquez, Nicolas
name: Nunes, Fernanda B.
name: Travnikova, Oksana
name: Ismail, Iyas
name: Guillemin, Renaud
name: Martins, Jessica B.
name: Céolin, Denis
name: Journel, Loïc
name: Fillaud, Laure
name: Püttner, Ralph
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ultrafast charge transfer
subject: X-ray
subject: conjugated polymers
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We explore ultrafast charge transfer (CT) resonantly induced by hard X-ray radiation in organic thiophene-based polymers at the sulfur K-edge. A combination of core-hole clock spectroscopy with real-time propagation time-dependent density functional theory simulations gives an insight into the electron dynamics underlying the CT process. Our method provides control over CT by a selective excitation of a specific resonance in the sulfur atom with monochromatic X-ray radiation. Our combined experimental and theoretical investigation establishes that the dominant mechanism of CT in polymer powders and films consists of electron delocalisation along the polymer chain occurring on the low-femtosecond time scale.
Germany’s first Action plan on the pathways of invasive alien species to prevent their unintentional introduction and spread
Creators: name: Mayer, Katharina
name: Heger, Tina
name: Kühn, Ingolf
name: Nehring, Stefan
name: Gaertner, Mirijam
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological invasion
subject: EU Regulation 1143/2014
subject: measures
subject: movement
subject: prevention
subject: prioritisation
subject: routes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The increase in global trade and traffic networks contributes to the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, posing a threat to biodiversity. EU Regulation 1143/2014 addresses the prevention and management of invasive alien species and requires an action plan on the priority pathways of unintentional introduction and spread of invasive alien species by each member state. To this end, the first German action plan was developed for the German government in cooperation with relevant Ministries and authorities, scientists, administrative experts, stakeholder working groups and political as well as public deliberation processes. As a result, 14 priority pathways of unintentional introduction, escape or release and spread were identified, resulting in 24 targeted measures. Nineteen sectors will be involved in the implementation of these measures. Here we describe the development process and outcome of Germany’s first action plan. By this, we aim making the process public and transparent, which can facilitate a revision of the action plan required at least every six years, and trigger broader European as well as national cooperation in the future.
Mutational analysis of a catalytically important loop containing active site and substrate-binding site in Escherichia coli phytase AppA
Creators: name: Wada, Manami
name: Hayashi, Yuuki
name: Arai, Munehito
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: A phytase from Escherichia coli, AppA, has been the target of protein engineering to reduce the amount of undigested phosphates from livestock manure by making phosphorous from phytic acid available as a nutrient. To understand the contribution of each amino acid in the active site loop to the AppA activity, alanine and glycine scanning mutagenesis was undertaken. The results of phytase activity assay demonstrated loss of activity by mutations at charged residues within the conserved motif, supporting their importance in catalytic activity. In contrast, both conserved, non-polar residues and non-conserved residues tended to be tolerant to Ala and/or Gly mutations. Correlation analyses of chemical/structural characteristics of each mutation site against mutant activity revealed that the loop residues located closer to the substrate have greater contribution to the activity of AppA. These results may be useful in efficiently engineering AppA to improve its catalytic activity. Abbreviations: AppA: pH 2.5 acid phosphatase; CSU: contacts of structural units; HAPs: histidine acid phosphatases; SASA: solvent accessible surface area; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SSM: site-saturation mutagenesis; WT: wild type Alanine and glycine scanning mutagenesis revealed contribution of each amino acid in the active site loop to the activity of E. coli phytase AppA.
Metal-free photoanodes for C–H functionalization
Creators: name: Zhang, Junfang
name: Zhu, Yuntao
name: Njel, Christian
name: Liu, Yuxin
name: Dallabernardina, Pietro
name: Stevens, Molly M.
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
name: Savateev, Oleksandr
name: Loeffler, Felix F.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Electrocatalysis
subject: Energy
subject: Materials chemistry
subject: Photocatalysis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Organic semiconductors, such as carbon nitride, when employed as powders, show attractive photocatalytic properties, but their photoelectrochemical performance suffers from low charge transport capability, charge carrier recombination, and self-oxidation. High film-substrate affinity and well-designed heterojunction structures may address these issues, achieved through advanced film generation techniques. Here, we introduce a spin coating pretreatment of a conductive substrate with a multipurpose polymer and a supramolecular precursor, followed by chemical vapor deposition for the synthesis of dual-layer carbon nitride photoelectrodes. These photoelectrodes are composed of a porous microtubular top layer and an interlayer between the porous film and the conductive substrate. The polymer improves the polymerization degree of carbon nitride and introduces C-C bonds to increase its electrical conductivity. These carbon nitride photoelectrodes exhibit state-of-the-art photoelectrochemical performance and achieve high yield in C-H functionalization. This carbon nitride photoelectrode synthesis strategy may be readily adapted to other reported processes to optimize their performance.
The theory of the Landau, Pomeranchuk, Migdal effect
Creators: name: Baier, V. N.
name: Katkov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bremsstrahlung of photons from highly relativistic electrons is investigated. The cross section of the processes, which is suppressed due to a multiple scattering of an emitting electron in dense media (LPM effect) and due to photon interaction with electrons of a medium, is calculated with an accuracy up to "next to leading logarithm" and with the Coulomb corrections taken into account. Making allowances for a multiple scattering and a polarization of a medium an analysis of radiation on a target boundary is carried out. The method of consideration of radiation in a thin target under influence of the LPM effect is developed. Interrelation with the recent experiment is discussed.
description: 36 pages, LaTeX, 3 eps figures
Synergistic Role of Water and Oxygen Leads to Degradation in Formamidinium-Based Halide Perovskites
Creators: name: Hidalgo, Juanita
name: Kaiser, Waldemar
name: An, Yu
name: Li, Ruipeng
name: Oh, Zion
name: Castro-Mendez, Andres-Felipe
name: LaFollette, Diana K.
name: Kim, Sanggyun
name: Lai, Barry
name: Schorr, Susan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Anions
subject: Oxygen
subject: Perovskites
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Mixed-cation metal halide perovskites have shown remarkable progress in photovoltaic applications with high power conversion efficiencies. However, to achieve large-scale deployment of this technology, efficiencies must be complemented by long-term durability. The latter is limited by external factors, such as exposure to humidity and air, which lead to the rapid degradation of the perovskite materials and devices. In this work, we study the mechanisms causing Cs and formamidinium (FA)-based halide perovskite phase transformations and stabilization during moisture and air exposure. We use in situ X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to study these chemical interactions and their effects on structure. We unravel a surface reaction pathway involving the dissolution of FAI by water and iodide oxidation by oxygen, driving the Cs/FA ratio into thermodynamically unstable regions, leading to undesirable phase transformations. This work demonstrates the interplay of bulk phase transformations with surface chemical reactions, providing a detailed understanding of the degradation mechanism and strategies for designing durable and efficient perovskite materials.
Wigner molecules in quantum dots
Creators: name: Reusch, Boris
name: Häusler, Wolfgang
name: Grabert, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform unrestricted Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations for electrons in a parabolic quantum dot at zero magnetic field. The crossover from Fermi liquid to Wigner molecule behavior is studied for up to eight electrons and various spin components $S_z$. We compare the results with numerically exact path-integral Monte Carlo simulations and earlier HF studies. Even in the strongly correlated regime the symmetry breaking HF solutions provide accurate estimates for the energies and describe the one-particle densities qualitatively. However, the HF approximation favors the formation of a Wigner molecule and produces azimuthal modulations of the density for even numbers of electrons in one spatial shell.
description: 5 pages, figures included
title: UAF Strategic Planning for Enterprises
Creators: name: Torkjazi, Mohammadreza
name: Davila-Andino, Arturo J.
name: Alghamdi, Ahmad
name: Zaidi, Abbas K.
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Unified Architecture Framework (UAF)
subject: UAF strategic viewpoint
subject: UAF profile
subject: SWOT analysis
subject: Strategic planning

description: In this paper, we propose an extension to the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) Profile to leverage the potential of the widely used SWOT analysis in modeling the UAF strategic viewpoint of an enterprise or System of Systems (SoS). This novel methodology assists with capturing the capabilities an enterprise needs to achieve its goals through the SWOT analysis. Capabilities are key elements in the UAF Strategic viewpoint. Previous works for identifying capabilities only showcase the resulting strategic views without interpreting their ties to the UAF strategic elements. The absence of a common methodology for incorporating strategic planning into the UAF is a potential deterrent for enterprises to accept the UAF. To address this gap, we propose using the SWOT analysis as an established method of strategic planning that has been used for many years in various enterprises. The four SWOT elements, i.e., Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat, are comparable to the UAF strategic elements Challenge and Opportunity which are the basis for capturing the enterprise capabilities. We extend the UAF profile to enable SWOT elements in the UAF and provide dependency relationships to illustrate traceability between SWOT elements and capabilities. This paper provides two key contributions. First, this work extends the UAF Profile to identify capabilities from SWOT analysis which takes both internal and external conditions of the enterprise into account. Second, we develop the methodology to create the necessary views which trace the SWOT elements to the stakeholders and capabilities. The proposed method is one that enterprises and SoS managers can employ to adopt UAF with minimal to no disruption to their current business processes. We also demonstrate a seamless integration of the SWOT analysis into the UAF. Finally, we use an illustrative example of a hypothetical enterprise to demonstrate the new SWOT diagrams enabled through the proposed extension.
Extended Thermodynamics of Self-Gravitating Skyrmions
Creators: name: Flores-Alfonso, Daniel
name: Quevedo, Hernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A modification of the hedgehog ansatz has recently led to novel exact black hole solutions with selfgravitating SU(2) Skyrme fields. Considering a negative cosmological constant the black holes are not asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) but rather asymptote to an AdS version of Barriola--Vilenkin spacetime. We examine the thermodynamics of the system interpreting the cosmological constant as a bulk pressure. We use the standard counterterm method to obtain a finite Euclidean action. For a given coupling of the matter action, the system behaves as does a charged AdS black hole in the fixed charged ensemble. We find that in the limit case when the Skyrme model becomes a nonlinear sigma model the system exhibits a first order phase transition of Hawking--Page type. The universality class of these Einstein--Skyrme black holes is that of van der Waals.
description: Revised version published in CQG
Understanding Users’ Interaction with Login Notifications
Creators: name: Markert, Philipp
name: Lassak, Leona
name: Golla, Maximilian
name: Dürmuth, Markus
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Login notifications are intended to inform users about recent sign-ins and help them protect their accounts from unauthorized access. The notifications are usually sent if a login occurs from a new location or device, which could indicate malicious activity. They mostly contain information such as the location, date, time, and device used to sign in. Users are challenged to verify whether they recognize the login (because it has been them or someone they know) or to proactively protect their account from unwanted access by changing their password. In two user studies, we explore users' comprehension, reactions, and expectations of login notifications. We utilize two treatments to measure users' behavior in response to login notifications sent for a login they initiated themselves or based on a malicious actor relying on statistical sign-in information. Users feel relatively confident identifying legitimate logins but demonstrate various risky and insecure behaviors when it comes to malicious sign-ins. We discuss the identified problems and give recommendations for service providers to ensure usable and secure logins for everyone.
Direct extraction of the chiral quark condensate and bounds on the light quark masses
Creators: name: Dosch, H. G.
name: Narison, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We select sum rules from which one can extract directly reliable limits on the size of the chiral symmetry breaking light quark condensate $$. Combined results from the nucleon and $B^*-B$ mass-splitting sum rules give a result compatible with the standard value: $ (1 GeV) \simeq (-229 MeV)^3$, through the determinations of the quark-gluon mixed condensate. The vector form factor of the $D\rar K^*lν$ semi-leptonic decay leads to the range $0.6\leq (-229 MeV)^3 \leq 1.5$. The upper limit combined with the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner (GMOR) relation implies the interesting lower bound on the sum of light quark masses:$(m_u+m_d) (1 GeV) \geq$ 9.4 MeV, which combined with the ratio of light quark masses from chiral perturbation theory leads to $m_s (1 GeV) \geq (121\pm 12)$ MeV. The lower limit combined with the positivity of the $m_q^2$ contribution to the GMOR relation leads to the upper bound : $(m_u+m_d) (1 GeV) \leq$ 15.7 MeV, which is independent on the nature of chiral symmetry breaking.
description: Minor modifications and corrections. Version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
MOESM1 of Dapper Homolog 1 Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Cancer through Inhibiting the Nuclear Factor-ÎşB Signaling Pathway
Creators: name: Wang, Shiyan
name: Kang, Wei
name: Go, Minnie
name: Tong, Joanna
name: Li, Lili
name: Zhang, Ning
name: Tao, Qian
name: Li, Xiaoxing
name: To, Ka
name: Sung, Joseph
name: Yu, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary material, approximately 334 KB.
On Orbital Angular Momentum in Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Harindranath, A.
name: Kundu, Rajen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we address several issues associated with orbital angular momentum relevant for leading twist polarized deep inelastic scattering. We present a detailed analysis of the light-front helicity operator (generator of rotations in the transverse plane) in QCD. We explicitly show that, the operator constructed from the manifestly gauge invariant, symmetric energy momentum tensor in QCD, in the gauge $A^+=0$, after the elimination of constraint variables, is equal to the naive canonical form of the light-front helicity operator plus surface terms. Restricting to topologically trivial sector, we eliminate the residual gauge degrees of freedom and surface terms. Having constructed the gauge fixed light-front helicity operator, we introduce quark and gluon orbital helicity distribution functions relevant for polarized deep inelastic scattering as Fourier transform of the forward hadron matrix elements of appropriate bilocal operators. The utility of these definitions is illustrated with the calculation of anomalous dimensions in perturbation theory. We explicitly verify the helicity sum rule for dressed quark and gluon targets in light-front perturbation theory. We also consider internal orbital helicity of a composite system in an arbitrary reference frame and contrast the results in the non-relativistic situation versus the light-front (relativistic) case.
description: A new section added in the revised manuscript clarifying the connection between manifestly gauge invariant interaction dependent orbital helicity operator and the free canonical one in QCD. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the aetiological agents of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Africa
Creators: name: Wainaina, Martin
name: Vey Da Silva, David Attuy
name: Dohoo, Ian
name: Mayer-Scholl, Anne
name: Roesel, Kristina
name: Hofreuter, Dirk
name: Roesler, Uwe
name: Lindahl, Johanna
name: Bett, Bernard
name: Al Dahouk, Sascha
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Africa
subject: non-malarial febrile illnesses
subject: aetiological agents
subject: meta-analysis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background The awareness of non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) has been on the rise over the last decades. Therefore, we undertook a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of causative agents of non-malarial fevers on the African continent. Methodology We searched for literature in African Journals Online, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify aetiologic agents that had been reported and to determine summary estimates of the proportional morbidity rates (PMr) associated with these pathogens among fever patients. Findings A total of 133 studies comprising 391,835 patients from 25 of the 54 African countries were eligible. A wide array of aetiologic agents were described with considerable regional differences among the leading agents. Overall, bacterial pathogens tested from blood samples accounted for the largest proportion. The summary estimates from the meta-analysis were low for most of the agents. This may have resulted from a true low prevalence of the agents, the failure to test for many agents or the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods applied. Our meta-regression analysis of study and population variables showed that diagnostic methods determined the PMr estimates of typhoidal Salmonella and Dengue virus. An increase in the PMr of Klebsiella spp. infections was observed over time. Furthermore, the status of patients as either inpatient or outpatient predicted the PMr of Haemophilus spp. infections. Conclusion The small number of epidemiological studies and the variety of NMFI agents on the African continent emphasizes the need for harmonized studies with larger sample sizes. In particular, diagnostic procedures for NMFIs should be standardized to facilitate comparability of study results and to improve future meta-analyses. Reliable NMFI burden estimates will inform regional public health strategies.
Self - organized - criticality and synchronization in pulse coupled relaxation oscillator systems: the Olami, Feder and Christensen model and the Feder and Feder model
Creators: name: Bottani, Samuele
name: Delamotte, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine the dynamics of the Olami, Feder and Christensen (OFC) model. We show that, depending on the dissipation, it exhibits two different behaviors and that it can or cannot show self - organized - criticality (SOC) and/or synchronization. We also show that while the Feder and Feder model perturbed by a stochastic noise is SOC and has the same exponent for the distribution of avalanche sizes as the OFC model, it does not show synchronization. We conclude that a relaxation oscillator system can be synchronized and/or SOC and that therefore synchronization is not necessary for criticality in these models.
description: 20 pages, Revtex, 10 postscript figures also available at http://www.lpthe.jussieu.fr/~bottani/Articles/socarticlefig.uu
Is There Such a Thing as a Biosignature?
Creators: name: Malaterre, Christophe
name: Ten Kate, Inge Loes
name: Baqué, Mickael
name: Debaille, Vinciane
name: Grenfell, John Lee
name: Javaux, Emmanuelle J.
name: Khawaja, Nozair
name: Klenner, Fabian
name: Noack, Lena
name: Postberg, Frank
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biosignature
subject: Biomarker
subject: Bioindicator
subject: Biotracer
subject: Life detection
subject: Extraterrestrial life
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The concept of a biosignature is widely used in astrobiology to suggest a link between some observation and a biological cause, given some context. The term itself has been defined and used in several ways in different parts of the scientific community involved in the search for past or present life on Earth and beyond. With the ongoing acceleration in the search for life in distant time and/or deep space, there is a need for clarity and accuracy in the formulation and reporting of claims. Here, we critically review the biosignature concept(s) and the associated nomenclature in light of several problems and ambiguities emphasized by recent works. One worry is that these terms and concepts may imply greater certainty than is usually justified by a rational interpretation of the data. A related worry is that terms such as “biosignature” may be inherently misleading, for example, because the divide between life and non-life—and their observable effects—is fuzzy. Another worry is that different parts of the multidisciplinary community may use non-equivalent or conflicting definitions and conceptions, leading to avoidable confusion. This review leads us to identify a number of pitfalls and to suggest how they can be circumvented. In general, we conclude that astrobiologists should exercise particular caution in deciding whether and how to use the concept of biosignature when thinking and communicating about habitability or life. Concepts and terms should be selected carefully and defined explicitly where appropriate. This would improve clarity and accuracy in the formulation of claims and subsequent technical and public communication about some of the most profound and important questions in science and society. With this objective in mind, we provide a checklist of questions that scientists and other interested parties should ask when assessing any reported detection of a “biosignature” to better understand exactly what is being claimed.
Quantum and thermal fluctuations of a thin elastic plate
Creators: name: Clougherty, Dennis P.
name: Heinrich, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Hamiltonian description of the vibrations of a clamped, elastic circular plate. The Hamiltonian of this system features a potential energy with two distinct contributions: one that depends on the local mean curvature of the plate, and a second that depends on its Gaussian curvature. We quantize this model using a complete, orthonormal set of eigenfunctions for the clamped, vibrating plate. The resulting quanta are the flexural phonons of the thin circular plate. As an application, we use this quantized description to calculate the fluctuations in displacement of the plate for arbitrary temperature. We compare the fluctuation profile with that from an elastic membrane under tension. At low temperature, we find that while both profiles have a circular ring of local maxima, the ring in the membrane profile is much more pronounced and sharper. We also note that with increasing temperature the plate profile develops two additional rings of extrema.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables