Corynoneura espraiado Wiedenbrug & Lamas & Trivinho-Strixino 2012, sp. n.
Creators: name: Wiedenbrug, Sofia
name: Lamas, Carlos E.
name: Trivinho-Strixino, Susana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Corynoneura
Corynoneura espraiado

description: Corynoneura espraiado sp. n.   
(Figs 10–12)  
 Type material. Holotype male with pupal and larval exuviae, BRAZIL, SP, São Carlos, UFSCar, Córrego do Espraiado, 21°58.112´S, 47°52.265´W, artificial substrate, 19.v.2011, S. Wiedenbrug. Paratypes: allotype female with pupal and larval exuviae, (UFSCar SW 132), same data as holotype but 19.viii.2011; one female, three males all with pupal and larval exuviae, same data as holotype; one male with pupal and larval exuviae, same data as holotype but 15.ii.2012.   
 Diagnostic characters. The male of Corynoneura espraiado is very similar to C. humbertoi, both can be differentiated from other species by the following characters, antenna plumose with 10 flagellomeres, apex of hind tibia with a s-shaped seta, phallapodeme sclerotized on posterior margin and attached in the caudal apex of sternapodeme, aedeagal lobe triangular with a wide base, superior volsella low bearing short setae, inferior volsella present on the apical margin of gonocoxite. The coloration of the abdominal segments separate males of both species; C. espraiado tergites I to V are whitish and the rest of the segments are brownish; C. humbertoi tergites I to IV are whitish. The females of C. humbertoi are characterized by having one Sca larger, about 57–60 µm, second Sca smaller and less sclerotized, Csa orally curved with long oral dorsal rami, copulatory bursa not oral-median invaginated. The pupa can be recognized by the sternite II with fine shagreen, tergites IV-VI posterior shagreen points larger, posterolateral points larger than posteromedian and anal lobes rounded separated from each other through a straight, perpendicular margin. The larva of C. espraiado has the first antennal segment longer than postmentum length, second antennal segment longer than half of the first and longer than the third, mentum with two median teeth, first lateral teeth ad-pressed to median teeth.   
 Etymology. Named after the stream, where the holotype was collected. The specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition.   
 Description   
 Male (n = 2–3)   
Total length 0.76–0.90 mm. Wing length 0.52–0.64.  
Color. Thorax brownish. Abdominal tergites I-V whitish, other tergites and genitalia brownish. Legs whitish.  
Head. AR = 0.30–0.31. Antenna with 9 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere 118–143 µm (Fig. 10 A). Flagellomeres with more than one row of setae each. Eyes pubescent.  
Thorax. Antepronotal lobes dorsally tapering.  
Wing. Clavus/wing length 0.19–0.22. Anal lobe absent (Fig. 10 D).  
Legs. Hind tibial scale 22–35 µm long, with one s-seta (Fig. 10 B–C).  
Hypopygium (Figs 10 E–F). Tergite IX with 4 setae. Laterosternite IX with 1 seta. Superior volsella absent, anterior median margin of gonocoxite with short setae, aedeagal lobe triangular with a wide base, inferior volsella present apically on gonocoxite margin. Sternapodeme rounded, phallapodeme caudal attached. Phallapodeme with posterior margin sclerotized, slightly curved.  
Metric and meristic features in Table 1.  
 Female (n = 2)   
Total length 0.71 mm. Wing length 0.54–0.56 mm.  
Color. Thorax light brown. Abdominal tergites I, whitish, II-IX brownish. Legs whitish.  
Head. AR = 0.50–0.62. Antenna with 5 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere 55–60 µm long (Fig. 11 A). Flagellomeres with more than one row of setae each. Eyes bare.  
Thorax. Antepronotal lobes dorsally tapering.  
Wing. Clavus/wing length 0.38–0.39. Anal lobe absent (Fig. 11 B).  
Legs. Hind tibial scale 30–45 µm long, with one small s-seta. Genitalia (Figs 11 C–E). Tergite IX with 2–4 setae. Laterosternite IX with one seta. One large seminal capsules 57–60 µm long; second smaller less sclerotized difficult to see, one spermathecal duct with a loop, second straighter, both ducts join together shortly before seminal eminence, which has sclerotized outer borders. Notum 30 µm long. Membrane well sclerotized. Apodeme lobe with median border sclerotized. Coxosternapodeme, curved, with two rami, first ending at roof of copulatory bursa, second long, oral, dorsal. Labia membranous, bare, funnel shaped, apically building the accessory gonopore. Gonocoxapodeme straight, gonapophyses median smoothly pointed. Cercus 32–35 µm long.  
Metric and meristic features in Table 2.  
 Pupa (n = 5)   
Total length 1.30–1.51 mm.  
Color (exuviae). Cephalothorax light brown, abdomen transparent except brownish muscle markings, lateral margin and anal lobe.  
 Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome rugose. Thorax suture smooth. All Dc-setae thin taeniate. Dc 3 longer. Dc 1 displaced ventrally. Wing sheaths with up to four rows of pearls sometimes apparently absent.   
Abdomen (Figs 12 A–D). Tergite and sternite I bare, tergite and sternite II with few small shagreen points. Tergites III, VII–IX with fine, quite homogeneous shagreen. Tergites IV–VI with posterior shagreen points larger, posterolateral points larger than posteromedian. Conjunctives SIII/IV-SVII/VIII with small spinules. Segment I with 1, II with 3 L-setae and III-VIII with 4 long taeniate L-setae. Anal lobe rounded (Fig. 12 C). Anal lobe with fringe not complete, 3 taeniate macrosetae and inner setae taeniate.  
Metric and meristic features in Table 3.  
 Larva (n = 1–5)   
Head (Fig. 12 E). Postmentum 188–195 µm long. Head capsule integument smooth. Mentum with two median teeth, first lateral teeth small and adpressed to median, five additional lateral teeth (Fig. 12 F). Antenna 663–690 µm long, segments two and three darker (not drawn). First segment longer than postmentum length.  
Abdomen. Ventral setae modified, wider and apical split (Fig. 12 G). Subbasal seta on posterior parapod serrated at both margins (Fig. 12 H).  
Metric and meristic features in Table 4.  
 Remarks. Larvae of C. espraiado sp. n. were collected in artificial substrate of stones and leaves at slow flowing, lowland streams at São Paulo State, Brazil.
description: Published as part of Wiedenbrug, Sofia, Lamas, Carlos E. & Trivinho-Strixino, Susana, 2012, 3574, pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 3574 on pages 21-25