cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Development of Critical Thinking in the Academic Writing of Chinese Students: Case Study in a UK University
Creators: name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This research explores the development of the critical thinking of eleven Chinese international students through their UK university master’s degree course using semi structured interviews at different stages through their year of study and one round of interviews with their lecturers in order to examine differences in perspective between students and lecturers. The findings from the first round of interviews with the students established a baseline position w here the students showed they understood the need for them to demonstrate critical thinking in a UK University, and that this involved questioning and comparison of different positions when this had not been the case in China. However, the Chinese students exhibited large power distance to their lecturers resulting in reluctance to question and seek clarification of assessment feedback. The subsequent rounds of interviews with the students revealed different rates of development of understanding of critical thinking between those who made continuous and significant progress and those who made less progress, and also the different intentions of students to apply their experience to implement changes in their future work on return to China to communicate their understanding to students in the Chinese education system. The findings are analysed with consideration to differences between Chinese and Western perspectives on critical thinking in education, influenced by the traditions of Confucian values and Socratic questioning respectively. My new contribution to knowledge is in presenting an understanding of the development of critical thinking skills in the students by synthesis of their existing knowledge from their own tradition and ideology with the different expectations of their UK education culture and how they may apply this in constructive new solutions to current education problems in China.
Wind-Reprocessed Transients from Stellar-mass Black Hole Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Kremer, Kyle
name: Mockler, Brenna
name: Piro, Anthony L.
name: Lombardi, James C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal disruptions of stars by stellar-mass black holes are expected to occur frequently in dense star clusters. Building upon previous studies that performed hydrodynamic simulations of these encounters, we explore the formation and long-term evolution of the thick, super-Eddington accretion disks formed. We build a disk model that includes fallback of material from the tidal disruption, accretion onto the black hole, and disk mass losses through winds launched in association with the super-Eddington flow. We demonstrate that bright transients are expected when radiation from the central engine powered by accretion onto the black hole is reprocessed at large radii by the optically-thick disk wind. By combining hydrodynamic simulations of these disruption events with our disk+wind model, we compute light curves of these wind-reprocessed transients for a wide range of stellar masses and encounter penetration depths. We find typical peak bolometric luminosities of roughly $10^{41}-10^{44}\,$erg/s (depending mostly on accretion physics parameters) and temperatures of roughly $10^5-10^6\,$K, suggesting peak emission in the ultraviolet/blue bands. We predict all-sky surveys such as the Vera Rubin Observatory and ULTRASAT will detect up to thousands of these events per year in dense star clusters out to distances of several Gpc.
description: 16 Pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Flue-Cured Tobacco Mechanization and Labor: Impacts of Alternative Production Levels
Creators: name: Hoff, Frederic L.
name: Givan, William D.
name: Shugars, Owen K.
name: Grise, Verner N.
name: Hoff, Frederic L.
name: Givan, William D.
name: Shugars, Owen K.
name: Grise, Verner N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Farm operators
subject: flue-cured tobacco
subject: harvesting
subject: labor
subject: mechanization

description: The flue-cured tobacco industry is in a state of transition as farmers are replacing the traditional harvest methods with modern bulk curing systems. The rapid trend toward harvest mechanization experienced in 1972-75 will continue into the eighties, according to an analysis of a wide range of quota levels and wage rates. Adopting new harvest technology is profitable for farmers, and it will have an impact on the demand for harvest labor. In the aggregate, however, harvest mechanization will not cause serious unemployment problems in the flue-cured tobacco belt. During 1972-80, with increased wage rates, the decline in the number of harvest workers is projected to range from 64,000 workers, under a "high" level of production, to 199,000, under a "low" level of production. Harvest jobs are part-time and seasonal. Workers most likely to lose harvest job opportunities are young persons and women. Of tasks eliminated with bulk curing systems, more than 90 percent in 1972 were performed by young persons (mainly 12 to 15 years of age) and by women.
Quantum Criticality in Electron-doped BaFe_{2-x}Ni_xAs_2
Creators: name: Zhou, R.
name: Li, Z.
name: Yang, J.
name: Sun, D. L.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Zheng, Guo-qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum critical point (QCP) is a point in a system's phase diagram at which an order is completely suppressed at absolute zero temperature (T). The presence of a quantum critical point manifests itself in the finite-T physical properties, and often gives rise to new states of matter. Superconductivity in the cuprates and in heavy fermion materials is believed by many to be mediated by fluctuations associated with a quantum critical point. In the recently-discovered iron-pnictide high temperature superconductors, it is unknown whether a QCP exists or not in a carrier-doped system. Here we report transport and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on BaFe_{2-x}Ni_xAs_2 (0 =< x =< 0.17). We find two critical points at x_{c1} = 0.10 and x_{c2} = 0.14. The electrical resistivity follows ρ= ρ_0 + A*T^n, with n = 1 around x_{c1} and another minimal n = 1.1 at x_{c2}. By NMR measurements, we identity x_{c1} to be a magnetic QCP and suggest that x_{c2} is a new type of QCP associated with a nematic structural phase transition. Our results suggest that the superconductivity in carrier-doped pnictides is closely linked to the quantum criticality.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Sasakian metric as a Ricci soliton and related results
Creators: name: Ghosh, Amalendu
name: Sharma, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15, 53C25, 53D10

description: We prove the following results: (i) A Sasakian metric as a non-trivial Ricci soliton is null $η$-Einstein, and expanding. Such a characterization permits to identify the Sasakian metric on the Heisenberg group $\mathcal{H}^{2n+1}$ as an explicit example of (non-trivial) Ricci soliton of such type. (ii) If an $η$-Einstein contact metric manifold $M$ has a vector field $V$ leaving the structure tensor and the scalar curvature invariant, then either $V$ is an infinitesimal automorphism, or $M$ is $D$-homothetically fixed $K$-contact.
description: None
Optimizing the Evolution of Perturbations in the $Λ$CDM Universe
Creators: name: Choustikov, Nicholas
name: Vlah, Zvonimir
name: Challinor, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbation theory is a powerful tool for studying large-scale structure formation in the universe and calculating observables such as the power spectrum or bispectrum. However, beyond linear order, typically this is done by assuming a simplification in the time-dependence of gravitational-coupling kernels between the matter and velocity fluctuations. Though the true dependencies are known for Lambda cold dark matter cosmologies, they are ignored due to the computational costs associated with considering them in full and, instead, are replaced by simpler dependencies valid for an Einstein--de-Sitter cosmology. Here we develop, implement and demonstrate the effectiveness of a new numerical method for finding the full dynamical evolution of these kernels to all perturbative orders based upon spectral methods using Chebyshev polynomials. This method is found to be orders of magnitude more efficient than direct numerical solvers while still producing highly accurate and reliable results. A code implementation of the Chebyshev spectral method is then presented and characterised. The code has been made publicly available alongside this paper. We expect our method to be of use for interpretation of upcoming galaxy clustering measurements.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRD
Additional file 1 of Current and future habitat suitability of northern fur seals and overlap with the commercial walleye pollock fishery in the eastern Bering Sea
Creators: name: McHuron, Elizabeth A.
name: Hazen, Elliott L.
name: Pelland, Noel A.
name: Kearney, Kelly A.
name: Cheng, Wei
name: Hermann, Albert J.
name: Ream, Rolf R.
name: Sterling, Jeremy T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
A nearly Dirichlet Higgs for lower-scale warped extra dimensions
Creators: name: Frank, Mariana
name: Pourtolami, Nima
name: Toharia, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a minimal extension of the Standard Model in warped extra dimensions, with fields propagating in the bulk including a bulk SM-like Higgs doublet. We show that the Higgs can acquire a non-trivial oscillatory VEV, strongly localized towards the TeV brane, but such that its value at that brane could be highly suppressed due to its oscillatory behaviour. Within the minimal Randall-Sundrum metric background, this oscillatory VEV can alleviate the bounds coming from oblique precision electroweak parameters, such that the KK gluon mass can be around 3 TeV (instead of about 8 TeV for the usual non-oscillatory bulk Higgs). We also discuss the stability of the configuration as well as the naturalness of the model parameters.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Non-LTE radiative transfer in cool stars. Theory and applications to the abundance analysis for 24 chemical elements
Creators: name: Bergemann, Maria
name: Nordlander, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interpretation of observed spectra of stars in terms of fundamental stellar properties is a key problem in astrophysics. For FGK-type stars, the radiative transfer models are often computed using the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Its validity is often questionable and needs to be supported by detailed studies, which build upon the consistent framework of non-LTE. In this review, we outline the theory of non-LTE. The processes causing departures from LTE are introduced qualitatively by their physical interpretation, as well as quantitatively by their impact on the models of stellar spectra and element abundances. We also compile and analyse the most recent results from the literature. In particular, we examine the non-LTE effects for 24 chemical elements for six late-studied FGK-type stars.
description: 19 pages, accepted for publication as a chapter in "Determination of Atmospheric Parameters of B, A, F and G Type Stars", Springer (2014), eds. E. Niemczura, B. Smalley, W. Pych
Sheep and Lamb Losses to Predators and Other Causes in the Western United States
Creators: name: Gee, C. Kerry
name: Magleby, Richard S.
name: Bailey, Warren R.
name: Gum, Russell L.
name: Arthur, Louise M.
name: Gee, C. Kerry
name: Magleby, Richard S.
name: Bailey, Warren R.
name: Gum, Russell L.
name: Arthur, Louise M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Sheep losses
subject: Coyotes
subject: Predators
subject: Western United States

description: Predators, principally coyotes, were the major cause of lamb and sheep losses in the western United States in 1974, according to surveyed farmers and ranchers. Rates of loss to coyotes varied considerably among individual farmers and ranchers; while many had no or minor predation problems, others reported very high losses. Overall in the western United States, losses attributed to coyotes in 1974 numbered 728,000 lambs (more than 8 percent of all lambs born) and 229,000 adult sheep (more than 2 percent of inventory), representing a third of the total lamb deaths to all causes and a fourth of the adult sheep deaths. These losses cost U.S. sheep producers some $27 million in lost returns in 1974, while consumers lost some $10 million in benefits because of higher prices for lamb and reduced quantities available.
Suppression of Adaptive Immune Cell Activation Does Not Alter Innate Immune Adipose Inflammation or Insulin Resistance in Obesity
Creators: name: Subramanian, Manikandan
name: Ozcan, Lale
name: Ghorpade, Devram
name: Ferrante, Anthony W.
name: Tabas, Ira A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Inflammation
Obesity--Pathophysiology
Obesity--Health aspects
Obesity
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Insulin resistance
Adipose tissues
Medicine

description: Obesity-induced inflammation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a major contributor to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Whereas innate immune cells, notably macrophages, contribute to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and insulin resistance, the role of adaptive immunity is less well defined. To address this critical gap, we used a model in which endogenous activation of T cells was suppressed in obese mice by blocking MyD88-mediated maturation of CD11c⁺ antigen-presenting cells. VAT CD11c⁺ cells from Cd11cCre⁺Myd88^(fl/fl) vs. control Myd88^(fl/fl) mice were defective in activating T cells in vitro, and VAT T and B cell activation was markedly reduced in Cd11cCre⁺Myd88^(fl/fl) obese mice. However, neither macrophage-mediated VAT inflammation nor systemic inflammation were altered in Cd11cCre⁺Myd88^(fl/fl) mice, thereby enabling a focused analysis on adaptive immunity. Unexpectedly, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and the glucose response to glucose and insulin were completely unaltered in Cd11cCre⁺Myd88^(fl/fl) vs. control obese mice. Thus, CD11c⁺ cells activate VAT T and B cells in obese mice, but suppression of this process does not have a discernible effect on macrophage-mediated VAT inflammation or systemic glucose homeostasis.
Visualization of Electron Nematicity and Unidirectional Antiferroic Fluctuations at High Temperatures in NaFeAs
Creators: name: Rosenthal, E. P.
name: Andrade, E. F.
name: Arguello, C. J.
name: Fernandes, R. M.
name: Xing, L. Y.
name: Wang, X. C.
name: Jin, C. Q.
name: Millis, A. J.
name: Pasupathy, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The driving forces behind electronic nematicity in the iron pnictides remain hotly debated. We use atomic-resolution variable-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy to provide the first direct visual evidence that local electronic nematicity and unidirectional antiferroic (stripe) fluctuations persist to temperatures almost twice the nominal structural ordering temperature in the parent pnictide NaFeAs. Low-temperature spectroscopic imaging of nematically-ordered NaFeAs shows anisotropic electronic features that are not observed for isostructural, non-nematic LiFeAs. The local electronic features are shown to arise from scattering interference around crystalline defects in NaFeAs, and their spatial anisotropy is a direct consequence of the structural and stripe-magnetic order present at low temperature. We show that the anisotropic features persist up to high temperatures in the nominally tetragonal phase of the crystal. The spatial distribution and energy dependence of the anisotropy at high temperatures is explained by the persistence of large amplitude, short-range, unidirectional, antiferroic (stripe) fluctuations, indicating that strong density wave fluctuations exist and couple to near-Fermi surface electrons even far from the structural and density wave phase boundaries.
description: Main Text: 12 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary Information: 8 pages, 7 figures
Survey for Distant Stellar Aggregates in Galactic Disk: Detecting Two Thousand Star Clusters and Candidates, along with the Dwarf Galaxy IC10
Creators: name: He, Zhihong
name: Luo, Yangping
name: Wang, Kun
name: Ren, Anbing
name: Peng, Liming
name: Cui, Qian
name: Liu, Xiaochen
name: Jiang, Qingquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite having data for over 10^9 stars from Gaia, only less than 10^4 star clusters and candidates have been discovered. Particularly, distant star clusters are rarely identified, due to the challenges posed by heavy extinction and great distance. However, Gaia data has continued to improve, enabling even fainter cluster members to be distinguished from field stars. In this work, we will introduce a star cluster search method based on the DBSCAN algorithm; we have made improvements to make it better suited for identifying clusters on dimmer and more distant stars. After removing member stars of known Gaia-based clusters, we have identified 2086 objects with |b|<10 deg, of which 1488 are highly reliable open star clusters, along with 569 candidates, 28 globular cluster candidates and 1 irregular galaxy IC 10 at low Galactic latitudes. We found that the proper motion of IC10 is similar yet slightly different from the water maser observations, which is an important result for the comparison with Gaia and VLBA. Besides, when compared with the star clusters appearing in Gaia DR2/EDR3, we have found nearly three times as many new objects above a distance of 5 kpc, including hundreds of them above Av > 5 mag. And it has enabled us to detect a higher number of old clusters, over a billion years old, that are difficult to detect due to observational limitations. Our findings significantly expand the remote cluster sample and enhance our understanding of the limits of Gaia DR3 data in stellar aggregates research. The full figure set for 2085 clusters can be seen in \url{https://nadc.china-vo.org/res/r101258/}
description: 18 pages, a url link with a full figure set (.pdf file with 88 pages) for 2085 distant clusters in abstract, accepted by ApJS
Quantum to classical parton dynamics in QCD media
Creators: name: Barata, João
name: Blaizot, Jean-Paul
name: Mehtar-Tani, Yacine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time evolution of the density matrix of a high energy quark propagating in a dense QCD medium where it undergoes elastic collisions (radiation is ignored in the present study). The medium is modeled as a stochastic color field with a Gaussian correlation function. This allows us to eliminate the medium degrees of freedom and obtain a simple master equation for the evolution of the reduced density matrix of the high energy quark, making use of approximations that are familiar in the description of open quantum systems. This master equation is solved analytically, and we demonstrate that its solution can be reconstructed from a simple Langevin equation. At late times, one finds that only the color singlet component of the density matrix survives the quark's propagation through the medium. The off-diagonal elements of the density matrix are suppressed successively in transverse position space and in momentum space, and become independent of the details of the initial condition. This behavior is reflected in the corresponding von Neumann entropy, whose growth at late time is related to the increase of the classical phase space explored by the high energy quark in its motion through the medium. The interpretation of the Wigner transform as a classical distribution is further supported by the fact that the associated classical entropy coincides at late time with the von Neumann entropy.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Online Coded Caching
Creators: name: Pedarsani, Ramtin
name: Maddah-Ali, Mohammad Ali
name: Niesen, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a basic content distribution scenario consisting of a single origin server connected through a shared bottleneck link to a number of users each equipped with a cache of finite memory. The users issue a sequence of content requests from a set of popular files, and the goal is to operate the caches as well as the server such that these requests are satisfied with the minimum number of bits sent over the shared link. Assuming a basic Markov model for renewing the set of popular files, we characterize approximately the optimal long-term average rate of the shared link. We further prove that the optimal online scheme has approximately the same performance as the optimal offline scheme, in which the cache contents can be updated based on the entire set of popular files before each new request. To support these theoretical results, we propose an online coded caching scheme termed coded least-recently sent (LRS) and simulate it for a demand time series derived from the dataset made available by Netflix for the Netflix Prize. For this time series, we show that the proposed coded LRS algorithm significantly outperforms the popular least-recently used (LRU) caching algorithm.
description: 15 pages
A stochastic diffusion process for Lochner's generalized Dirichlet distribution
Creators: name: Bakosi, J.
name: Ristorcelli, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3
subject: 60G10

description: The method of potential solutions of Fokker-Planck equations is used to develop a transport equation for the joint probability of N stochastic variables with Lochner's generalized Dirichlet distribution (R.H. Lochner, A Generalized Dirichlet Distribution in Bayesian Life Testing, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 37(1):pp. 103-113, 1975) as its asymptotic solution. Individual samples of a discrete ensemble, obtained from the system of stochastic differential equations, equivalent to the Fokker-Planck equation developed here, satisfy a unit-sum constraint at all times and ensure a bounded sample space, similarly to the process developed in (J. Bakosi, J.R. Ristorcelli, A stochastic diffusion process for the Dirichlet distribution, Int. J. Stoch. Anal., Article ID, 842981, 2013) for the Dirichlet distribution. Consequently, the generalized Dirichlet diffusion process may be used to represent realizations of a fluctuating ensemble of N variables subject to a conservation principle. Compared to the Dirichlet distribution and process, the additional parameters of the generalized Dirichlet distribution allow a more general class of physical processes to be modeled with a more general covariance matrix.
description: Journal of Mathematical Physics, 2013. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.0217
A Framework Based on Symbolic Regression Coupled with eXtended Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Gray-Box Learning of Equations of Motion from Data
Creators: name: Kiyani, Elham
name: Shukla, Khemraj
name: Karniadakis, George Em
name: Karttunen, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a framework and an algorithm to uncover the unknown parts of nonlinear equations directly from data. The framework is based on eXtended Physics-Informed Neural Networks (X-PINNs), domain decomposition in space-time, but we augment the original X-PINN method by imposing flux continuity across the domain interfaces. The well-known Allen-Cahn equation is used to demonstrate the approach. The Frobenius matrix norm is used to evaluate the accuracy of the X-PINN predictions and the results show excellent performance. In addition, symbolic regression is employed to determine the closed form of the unknown part of the equation from the data, and the results confirm the accuracy of the X-PINNs based approach. To test the framework in a situation resembling real-world data, random noise is added to the datasets to mimic scenarios such as the presence of thermal noise or instrument errors. The results show that the framework is stable against significant amount of noise. As the final part, we determine the minimal amount of data required for training the neural network. The framework is able to predict the correct form and coefficients of the underlying dynamical equation when at least 50\% data is used for training.
Dissecting the RELICS cluster SPT-CLJ0615-5746 through the intracluster light: confirmation of the multiple merging state of the cluster formation
Creators: name: Jiménez-Teja, Y.
name: Dupke, R. A.
name: Lopes, P. A. A.
name: Vílchez, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intracluster light (ICL) fraction, measured at certain specific wavelengths, has been shown to provide a good marker for determining the dynamical stage of galaxy clusters, i.e., merging versus relaxed, for small to intermediate redshifts. Here, we apply it for the first time to a high-redshift system, SPT-CLJ0615-5746 at z=0.97, using its RELICS (Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey) observations in the optical and infrared. We find the ICL fraction signature of merging, with values ranging from 16 to 37%. A careful re-analysis of the X-ray data available for this cluster points to the presence of at least one current merger, and plausibly a second merger. These two results are in contradiction with previous works based on X-ray data, which claimed the relaxed state of SPT-CLJ0615-5746, and confirmed the evidences presented by kinematic analyses. We also found an abnormally high ICL fraction in the rest-frame near ultraviolet wavelengths, which may be attributed to the combination of several phenomena such as an ICL injection during recent mergers of stars with average early-type spectra, the reversed star formation-density relation found at this high redshift in comparison with lower-redshift clusters, and projection effects.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, submitted to A&A
Solving ordinary differential equations on the Infinity Computer by working with infinitesimals numerically
Creators: name: Sergeyev, Yaroslav D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65L05, 65D25, 65G50

description: There exists a huge number of numerical methods that iteratively construct approximations to the solution $y(x)$ of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) $y'(x)=f(x,y)$ starting from an initial value $y_0=y(x_0)$ and using a finite approximation step $h$ that influences the accuracy of the obtained approximation. In this paper, a new framework for solving ODEs is presented for a new kind of a computer -- the Infinity Computer (it has been patented and its working prototype exists). The new computer is able to work numerically with finite, infinite, and infinitesimal numbers giving so the possibility to use different infinitesimals numerically and, in particular, to take advantage of infinitesimal values of $h$. To show the potential of the new framework a number of results is established. It is proved that the Infinity Computer is able to calculate derivatives of the solution $y(x)$ and to reconstruct its Taylor expansion of a desired order numerically without finding the respective derivatives analytically (or symbolically) by the successive derivation of the ODE as it is usually done when the Taylor method is applied. Methods using approximations of derivatives obtained thanks to infinitesimals are discussed and a technique for an automatic control of rounding errors is introduced. Numerical examples are given.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables
Floer homology of automorphisms of Liouville domains
Creators: name: Uljarevic, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a combination of fixed point Floer homology and symplectic homology for Liouville domains. As an application, we detect non-trivial elements in the symplectic mapping class group of a Liouville domain.
description: 30 pages, v3: major revision
Taciana, D. Q. Brito_Manuscrito_Frontiers_.docx
Creators: name: Taciana Brito
name: Oliveira, Ana Raquel De
name: Wânia Critina De Souza
name: Santos, Natanael Antonio Dos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 170113 Social and Community Psychology

description: Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos do treinamento na detecção de micro-expressões faciais da mentira. 73 policiais militares participaram do estudo. O Grupo Experimental foi composto por 17 policiais recém-formados (16 homens), com média de idade = 28,57 anos (DP = 3,97). O Grupo Controle foi composto por 56 policiais (52 homens), com média de idade = 47,82 anos (DP = 1,94). Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Vídeos de estimulação para detecção de mentiras, Micro Expression Training Tool e Escala de Percepção de Mentiras na Comunicação. Os resultados mostraram que no pré-teste, o GE obteve menos acertos (mediana = 30,78) do que o GC (mediana = 43,15) relacionados à percepção da outra pessoa falando a verdade ou mentindo (U = 432,0; p <0,05 ). No pós-teste o GE (mediana = 27,21) obteve menos acertos que o GC (mediana = 37,55), embora a diferença não tenha sido significativa (U = 309,5; p = 0,07). Comparando o desempenho do GE antes e após o treinamento, foi observado um aumento na precisão de detecção de (T = 21; p <0,05). Estes resultados sugerem que o treinamento com medidas diretas pode ter um efeito moderado na detecção de sinais de mentira. Porém, o treinamento de detecção direta deve ser aprimorado, testado e validado cientificamente, a fim de ser utilizado de forma correta e precisa.
The role of grain size in AGN torus dust models
Creators: name: González-Martín, Omaira
name: Almeida, Cristina Ramos
name: Fritz, Jacopo
name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
name: Hönig, Sebastian F.
name: Roche, Patrick F.
name: Esparza-Arredondo, Donaji
name: García-Bernete, Ismael
name: García-Burillo, Santiago
name: Osorio-Clavijo, Natalia
name: Reyes-Amador, Ulises
name: Stalevski, Marko
name: Victoria-Ceballos, César
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fits the infrared spectra from the nuclear regions of AGN can place constraints on the dust properties, distribution, and geometry by comparison with models. However, none of the currently available models fully describe the observations of AGN currently available. Among the aspects least explored, here we focus on the role of dust grain size. We offer the community a new spectral energy distribution (SED) library, hereinafter [GoMar23] model, which is based on the two-phase torus model developed before with the inclusion of the grain size as a model parameter, parameterized by the maximum grain size Psize or equivalently the mass-weighted average grain size < P >. We created 691,200 SEDs using the SKIRT code, where the maximum grain size can vary within the range Psize = 0.01 - 10.0um ( < P >= 0.007 - 3.41um). We fit this new and several existing libraries to a sample of 68 nearby and luminous AGNs with Spitzer/IRS spectra dominated by AGN-heated dust. We find that the [GoMar23] model can adequately reproduce up to 85-88% of the spectra. The dust grain size parameter significantly improves the final fit in up to 90% of these spectra. Statistical tests indicate that the grain size is the third most important parameter in the fitting procedure (after the size and half opening angle of the torus). The requirement of a foreground extinction by our model is lower compared to purely clumpy models. We find that 41% of our sample requires that the maximum dust grain size is as large as Psize =10um (< P >= 3.41um). Nonetheless, we also remark that disk+wind and clumpy torus models are still required to reproduce the spectra of a non-negligible fraction of objects, suggesting the need for several dust geometries to explain the infrared continuum of AGN. This work provides tentative evidence for dust grain growth in the proximity of the AGN.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
A calculus for bordered Floer homology
Creators: name: Hanselman, Jonathan
name: Watson, Liam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a class of manifolds with torus boundary admitting bordered Heegaard Floer homology of a particularly simple form, namely, the type D structure may be described graphically by a disjoint union of loops. We develop a calculus for studying bordered invariants of this form and, in particular, provide a complete description of slopes giving rise to L-space Dehn fillings as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for L-spaces resulting from identifying two such manifolds along their boundaries. As an application, we show that Seifert fibered spaces with torus boundary fall into this class, leading to a proof that, among graph manifolds containing a single JSJ torus, the property of being an L-space is equivalent to non-left-orderability of the fundamental group and to the non-existence of a coorientable taut foliation.
description: 79 pages, 14 figures, uses tikz
The Longevity of the Magnet Effect: Fire-Herbivory Interactions in Central Kenya
Creators: name: Bernard, Miranda
name: Menz, Alyssa
name: Booth, Laura
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Prescribed burning
Herbivores
Savannas
Savanna animals
Animals--Effect of fires on
Livestock--Management
Sustainability
Veterinary medicine

description: The coexistence of grass and trees that typifies savanna ecosystems is maintained in part by top-down forces including herbivory and fire. Understanding fire-herbivore interactions is an integral step in determining the effect of these forces individually and informs decisions about the use of fire as a livestock management technique. The magnet effect, in which grazers are drawn to an area after it is burned, is one such interaction between fire and herbivores. While the process of the magnet effect has been described, neither its longevity nor the manner through which fire intensity affects its strength is understood. In this study, we explored whether the increase in herbivory pressure predicted by the magnet effect is maintained over long periods after a fire, how fire intensity influences the strength of the magnet effect, and which feeder types are most influenced by the magnet effect. We established five field sites at the Mpala Research Centre in Laikipia, Kenya that ranged in fire intensity and elapsed time since last the burn. We found that the magnet effect is transient on a seven-year scale and affects grazers more than browsers or mixed feeders, though herbivory and grass biomass responses to fire intensity were conflicting. This research clarifies the role of the magnet effect in maintaining savanna ecosystems and can aid agriculturalists seeking to use fire as a management technique by indicating how long after a burn increased palatability of grass can be expected.
Vacuum-defect wormholes and a mirror world
Creators: name: Klinkhamer, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently discovered a smooth vacuum-wormhole solution of the first-order equations of general relativity. Here, we obtain the corresponding multiple-vacuum-wormhole solution. Assuming that our world is essentially Minkowski spacetime with a large number of these vacuum-defect wormholes inserted, there is then another flat spacetime with opposite spatial orientation, which may be called a "mirror" world. We briefly discuss some phenomenological aspects and point out that there will be no significant vacuum-Cherenkov radiation in our world, so that ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays do not constrain the typical size and separation of the wormhole mouths (different from the constraints obtained for a single Minkowski spacetime with similar defects). Other signatures from a "gas" of vacuum-defect wormholes are mentioned, including a possible time machine.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, v6: published version
The ionizing photon production efficiency of bright z$\sim$2-5 galaxies
Creators: name: Castellano, M.
name: Belfiori, D.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Calabrò, A.
name: Mascia, S.
name: Napolitano, L.
name: Caro, F.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Chevallard, J.
name: Curtis-Lake, E.
name: Talia, M.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Guaita, L.
name: McLure, R. J.
name: Merlin, E.
name: Mignoli, M.
name: Moresco, M.
name: Pompei, E.
name: Pozzetti, L.
name: Lopez, A. Saldana
name: Saxena, A.
name: Santini, P.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Schreiber, C.
name: Shapley, A. E.
name: Vanzella, E.
name: Zamorani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the production efficiency of ionizing photons ($ξ_{ion}^*$) of 1174 galaxies with secure redshift at z=2-5 from the VANDELS survey to determine the relation between ionizing emission and physical properties of bright and massive sources. We constrain $ξ_{ion}^*$ and galaxy physical parameters by means of spectro-photometric fits performed with the BEAGLE code. The analysis exploits the multi-band photometry in the VANDELS fields, and the measurement of UV rest-frame emission lines (CIII]$λ1909$, HeII$λ1640$, OIII]$λ1666$) from deep VIMOS spectra. We find no clear evolution of $ξ_{ion}^*$ with redshift within the probed range. The ionizing efficiency slightly increases at fainter $M_{UV}$, and bluer UV slopes, but these trends are less evident when restricting the analysis to a complete subsample at log(M$_{star}$/M$_{\odot}$)$>$9.5. We find a significant trend of increasing $ξ_{ion}^*$ with increasing EW(Ly$α$), with an average log($ξ_{ion}^*$/Hz erg$^{-1}$)$>$25 at EW$>$50Å, and a higher ionizing efficiency for high-EW CIII]$λ1909$ and OIII]$λ1666$ emitters. The most significant correlations are found with respect to stellar mass, specific star-formation rate (sSFR) and SFR surface density ($Σ_{SFR}$). The relation between $ξ_{ion}^*$ and sSFR shows a monotonic increase from log($ξ_{ion}^*$/Hz erg$^{-1}$) $\sim$24.5 at log(sSFR)$\sim$-9.5$yr^{-1}$ to $\sim$25.5 at log(sSFR)$\sim$-7.5$yr^{-1}$, a low scatter and little dependence on mass. The objects above the main-sequence of star-formation consistently have higher-than-average $ξ_{ion}^*$. A clear increase of $ξ_{ion}^*$ with $Σ_{SFR}$ is also found, with log($ξ_{ion}^*$/Hz erg$^{-1}$)$>$25 for objects at $Σ_{SFR}>$10 M$_{\odot}/yr/kpc^2$.(Abridged)
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Cane Sugar Supply Response in the United States
Creators: name: Zepp, G. A.
name: Zepp, G. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Production Economics
subject: Supply response
subject: cane sugar
subject: Florida
subject: Louisiana
subject: Texas
subject: Hawaii
subject: United States

description: The major supply response in the domestic cane sugar industry would occur at raw sugar prices between $9.00 and $16.00 per hundredweight. At prices below $9.00, not very much cane sugar production is profitable in the long run. At prices above $16.00, most of the sugarcane production that is technically feasible is profitable. Present production of about 3 million tons of raw sugar could be maintained in the long run at a raw sugar price of approximately $14.00 per hundredweight. Regional production patterns, however, would change at this price. Florida and Texas production would increase, while Hawaiian production would probably decrease. Louisiana production would remain about the same.
Landau Level Spectroscopy of Dirac Electrons in a Polar Semiconductor with Giant Rashba Spin Splitting
Creators: name: Bordács, Sándor
name: Checkelsky, Joseph G.
name: Murakawa, Hiroshi
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Tokura, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical excitations of BiTeI with large Rashba spin splitting have been studied in an external magnetic field ($B$) applied parallel to the polar axis. A sequence of transitions between the Landau levels (LLs), whose energies are in proportion to $\sqrt{B}$ were observed, being characteristic of massless Dirac electrons. The large separation energy between the LLs makes it possible to detect the strongest cyclotron resonance even at room temperature in moderate fields. Unlike in 2D Dirac systems, the magnetic field induced rearrangement of the conductivity spectrum is directly observed.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Additional file 1 of Assessment of compliance to packaging and labeling regulatory requirements of locally manufactured alcohol-based hand sanitizers marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Wallelign, Tesfa Marew
name: Selam, Muluken Nigatu
name: Wondie, Gebremariam Birhanu
name: Habte, Bruck Messele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Compliance level of packaging and labeling information requirements of selected ABHS products by company Category.
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with cognitive function outcomes among older adults in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Albuloshi, Thurayya
name: Kamel, Ahmed M.
name: Alsaber, Ahmad R.
name: Alawadhi, Balqees
name: Pan, Jiazhu
name: Abd-El-Gawad, Wafaa Mostafa
name: Bouhaimed, Manal
name: Spencer, Jeremy P.E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Das deutsche Reichsvieh; 1849
Creators: name: Brunner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Wien 1849. Im Verlag bei Mayer & Comp. (Singerstraße, deutsches Haus)
Inelastic scattering of electrons by metastable hydrogen atoms in a laser field
Creators: name: Buica, Gabriela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inelastic scattering of fast electrons by metastable hydrogen atoms in the presence of a linearly polarized laser field is theoretically studied in the domain of moderate field intensities. The interaction of the hydrogen atom with the laser field is described by first-order time-dependent perturbation theory, while the projectile electrons interacting with the laser field are described by the Gordon-Volkov wave functions. An analytic expression is obtained for the differential scattering cross section in the first-order Born approximation for laser-assisted inelastic e-H(2s) scattering for the 2s-nl excitation. Detailed analytical and numerical results are presented for inelastic scattering accompanied by one-photon absorption, and the angular dependence and resonance structure of the differential cross sections is discussed for the 2s -4l excitation of metastable hydrogen.
The golden number and Fibonacci sequences in the design of voting structures
Creators: name: Freixas, Josep
name: Kurz, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91A12, 91A80, 91B12

description: Some distinguished types of voters, as vetoers, passers or nulls, as well as some others, play a significant role in voting systems because they are either the most powerful or the least powerful voters in the game independently of the measure used to evaluate power. In this paper we are concerned with the design of voting systems with at least one type of these extreme voters and with few types of equivalent voters, with this purpose in mind we enumerate these special classes of games and find out that its number always follows a Fibonacci sequence with smooth polynomial variations. As a consequence we find several families of games with the same asymptotic exponential behavior excepting of a multiplicative factor which is the golden number or its square. From a more general point of view, our studies are related with the design of voting structures with a predetermined importance ranking.
description: 24 pages