cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Adria as promontory of Africa and its conceptual role in the Tethys Twist and Pangea B to Pangea A transformation in the Permian
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Muttoni, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Paleomagnetism
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic
subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: It has been almost 60 years since the first results from the Early Permian Bolzano Quartz Porphyries from the Trento Plateau of northern Italy (Southern Alps) showed paleomagnetic inclinations steeper than inclina- tions from broadly coeval units from central Europe. This experimental discrepancy, confirmed ever since at varying levels of magnitude and certitude, implied that northern Italy had paleolatitudes too northerly relative to Europe to be considered part of the European continent. On the other hand, it became progressively more apparent that paleo- magnetic data from northern Italy were more compatible with data from Africa than with data from Europe, and this observation revived and complemented Argand’s original concept of Adria as a promontory of Africa. But if Adria was part of Africa, then the paleolatitude anomaly of Adria relative to Europe translated into a huge crustal misfit of Gondwana relative to Laurasia when these landmasses were forced into a classic Wegenerian Pangea as typified by the Bullard fit of the circum-Atlantic continents. This crustal misfit between Gondwana and Laurasia was shown to persist in the ever-growing paleomagnetic database even when data from Adria were provisionally excluded as non- cratonic in nature. Various solutions were offered that ultimately involved placing Gondwana to the east (allowing it to be more northerly) relative to Laurasia and envisaging a dextral shear occurring in the Tethys (Mediterranean) realm between these supercontinental landmasses. This shear or transformation was initially thought to occur as a continuum over the course of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic (the so-called ‘Tethys Twist’) but soon afterwards when plate tectonics came into play and limited the younger extent, as a discrete event during the post-Triassic, Triassic or most probably – as in the latest and preferred reconstructions – the Permian between a configuration of Pangea termed B – with the northwestern margin of Africa against southern Europe – to a configuration termed Pangea A-2, with the northwe- stern margin of Africa against eastern North America, that is more proximal in shape to the classic Pangea A-1 that started fragmenting in the Jurassic with the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The Permian timing and presumed locus of the ~2300 km dextral shear is supported by rotated tectonic domains in Sardinia and elsewhere along the interface between Lauarasia and Gondwana. The concept of Pangea B and its transformation into Pangea A developed there- fore in close conjunction with the concept and paleomagnetic support of Adria as a promontory of Africa, and has ramifications to many aspects of tectonics, climate change and biogeography yet to be explored.
A new global fit of the $L^r_i$ at next-to-next-to-leading order in Chiral Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Bijnens, Johan
name: Jemos, Ilaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new fit is done to obtain numerical values for the order $p^4$ low-energy-constants $L_i^r$ in Chiral Perturbation Theory. This includes both new data and new calculated observables. We take into account masses, decay constants, $K_{\ell4}$, $ππ$ and $πK$ scattering lengths and slopes and the slope of the pion scalar formfactor. We compare in detail where the changes w.r.t. to the 10 year old "fit 10" come from. We discuss several scenarios for estimating the order $p^6$ constants $C_i^r$ and search for possible values of them that provide a good convergence for the ChPT series. We present two such sets. One big change is that the fits do not have the expected behaviour in the limit of large $N_c$ as well as before.
description: 41 pages, p^4 values of the l_i added, numerical values for f_+(0) in Kl3 added, a comparison with the LECS from Ecker et al., Phys. Lett. B692 (2010) 184 [arXiv:1004.3422 [hep-ph]] added
Torsion, Chern-Simons Term and Diffeomorphism Invariance
Creators: name: Mahato, Prasanta
name: Bhattacharya, Partha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the $torsion \otimes curvature$ approach of gravity Chern-Simons modification has been considered here. It has been found that Chern-Simons contribution to the bianchi identity has become cancelled from that of the scalar field part. But "homogeneity and isotropy" consideration of present day cosmology is a consequence of the "strong equivalence principle" and vice-versa.
description: 8 pages
Ground state factorization and correlations with broken symmetry
Creators: name: Tomasello, Bruno
name: Rossini, Davide
name: Hamma, Alioscia
name: Amico, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the phenomenon of factorization in a quantum many body system is of collective nature. To this aim we study the quantum discord $Q$ in the one dimensional XY model in a transverse field. We analyze the behavior of $Q$ at both the critical point and at the non critical factorizing field. The factorization is found to be governed by an exponential scaling law for $Q$. We also address the thermal effects fanning out from the anomalies occurring at zero temperature. Close to the quantum phase transition, $Q$ exhibits a finite-temperature crossover with universal scaling behavior, while the factorization phenomenon results in a non trivial pattern of correlations present at low temperature.
description: to be published in EPL
Grothendieck quasitoposes
Creators: name: Garner, Richard
name: Lack, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A full reflective subcategory E of a presheaf category [C*,Set] is the category of sheaves for a topology j on C if and only if the reflection preserves finite limits. Such an E is called a Grothendieck topos. More generally, one can consider two topologies, j contained in k, and the category of sheaves for j which are separated for k. The categories E of this form, for some C, j, and k, are the Grothendieck quasitoposes of the title, previously studied by Borceux and Pedicchio, and include many examples of categories of spaces. They also include the category of concrete sheaves for a concrete site. We show that a full reflective subcategory E of [C*,Set] arises in this way for some j and k if and only if the reflection preserves monomorphisms as well as pullbacks over elements of E.
description: v2: 24 pages, several revisions based on suggestions of referee, especially the new theorem 5.2; to appear in the Journal of Algebra
Reduced plasma albumin predicts type 2 diabetes and is associated with greater adipose tissue macrophage content and activation
Creators: name: Chang, Douglas C.
name: Xu, Xiaoyuan
name: Ferrante, Anthony W.
name: Krakoff, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Serum albumin
Adipose tissues
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Macrophages
Biology

description: Background
Plasma albumin is reduced during inflammation. Obesity, a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), is associated with adipose tissue inflammation. However, whether albumin is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and whether it predicts T2D are unclear.

Methods
Adults (predominantly American Indian) from a longitudinal study were included. Macrophage content and gene expression related to recruitment/activation were measured from subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 51). The relationship between plasma albumin and adiposity (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or hydrodensitometry), glucose (oral glucose tolerance test), insulin action (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) were evaluated (n = 422). Progression to T2D was evaluated by Cox regression (median follow-up 8.8 years; 102 progressors).

Results
Albumin was associated with macrophage markers including C1QB (r = − 0.30, p = 0.04), CSF1R (r = − 0.30, p = 0.03), and CD11b (r = − 0.36, p = 0.01). Albumin was inversely associated with body fat percentage (r = − 0.14, p = 0.003), fasting plasma glucose (r = − 0.17, p = 0.0003), and 2 h plasma glucose (r = − 0.11, p = 0.03), and was reduced in impaired glucose regulation compared with normal glucose regulation (mean ± SD: 39.4 ± 3.6 g/l and 40.1 ± 3.9 g/l, respectively; p = 0.049). Albumin predicted T2D, even after adjustment for confounders (HR, 0.75; 95% CI 0.58–0.96; p = 0.02; per one SD difference in albumin).

Conclusions
Reduced albumin is associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile, characterized by increased adipose tissue inflammation, adiposity, and glucose, and with an increased risk for T2D.
Hunting Down the Best Model of Inflation with Bayesian Evidence
Creators: name: Martin, Jerome
name: Ringeval, Christophe
name: Trotta, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first calculation of the Bayesian evidence for different prototypical single field inflationary scenarios, including representative classes of small field and large field models. This approach allows us to compare inflationary models in a well-defined statistical way and to determine the current "best model of inflation". The calculation is performed numerically by interfacing the inflationary code FieldInf with MultiNest. We find that small field models are currently preferred, while large field models having a self-interacting potential of power p>4 are strongly disfavoured. The class of small field models as a whole has posterior odds of approximately 3:1 when compared with the large field class. The methodology and results presented in this article are an additional step toward the construction of a full numerical pipeline to constrain the physics of the early Universe with astrophysical observations. More accurate data (such as the Planck data) and the techniques introduced here should allow us to identify conclusively the best inflationary model.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, uses RevTeX. Misprint corrected, references added. Matches published version
Complementarity of Semileptonic $B$ to $K_2^*(1430)$ and $K^*(892)$ Decays in the Standard Model with Fourth Generation
Creators: name: Junaid, Muhammad
name: Aslam, M. Jamil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $B\rightarrow K_{2}^{\ast}(1430)l^{+}l^{-}$ $(l=μ,τ)$ decays are analyzed in the Standard Model extended to fourth generation of quarks (SM4). The decay rate, forward-backward asymmetry, lepton polarization asymmetries and the helicity fractions of the final state $K^{*}_{2}(1430)$ meson are obtained using the form factors calculated in the light cone sum rules (LCSR) approach. We have utilized the constraints on different fourth generation parameters obtained from the experimental information on $K$, $B$ and $D$ decays and from the electroweak precision data to explore their impact on the $B\rightarrow K_{2}^{\ast}(1430)l^{+}l^{-}$ decay. We find that the values of above mentioned physical observables deviate deviate significantly from their minimal SM predications. We also identify a number of correlations between various observables in $B\rightarrow K_{2}^{\ast}(1430)l^{+}l^{-}$ and $B\rightarrow K^{\ast}(892)l^{+}l^{-}$ decays. Therefore a combined analysis of these two decays will compliment each other in the searches of SM4 effects in flavor physics.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures
Real world scenarios in rare variant association analysis: the impact of imbalance and sample size on the power in silico
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyuan
name: Basile, Anna O.
name: Pendergrass, Sarah A.
name: Ritchie, Marylyn D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Genetics—Research
Analysis of variance
Simulation methods

description: Background
The development of sequencing techniques and statistical methods provides great opportunities for identifying the impact of rare genetic variation on complex traits. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the impact of sample size, case numbers, the balance of cases vs controls for both burden and dispersion based rare variant association methods. For example, Phenome-Wide Association Studies may have a wide range of case and control sample sizes across hundreds of diagnoses and traits, and with the application of statistical methods to rare variants, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of the analyses.

Results
We conducted a large-scale simulation of randomly selected low-frequency protein-coding regions using twelve different balanced samples with an equal number of cases and controls as well as twenty-one unbalanced sample scenarios. We further explored statistical performance of different minor allele frequency thresholds and a range of genetic effect sizes. Our simulation results demonstrate that using an unbalanced study design has an overall higher type I error rate for both burden and dispersion tests compared with a balanced study design. Regression has an overall higher type I error with balanced cases and controls, while SKAT has higher type I error for unbalanced case-control scenarios. We also found that both type I error and power were driven by the number of cases in addition to the case to control ratio under large control group scenarios. Based on our power simulations, we observed that a SKAT analysis with case numbers larger than 200 for unbalanced case-control models yielded over 90% power with relatively well controlled type I error. To achieve similar power in regression, over 500 cases are needed. Moreover, SKAT showed higher power to detect associations in unbalanced case-control scenarios than regression.

Conclusions
Our results provide important insights into rare variant association study designs by providing a landscape of type I error and statistical power for a wide range of sample sizes. These results can serve as a benchmark for making decisions about study design for rare variant analyses.
Generalized Robba rings
Creators: name: Zábrádi, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E50 (Primary), 16U20 (Secondary)

description: We prove that any projective coadmissible module over the locally analytic distribution algebra of a compact $p$-adic Lie group is finitely generated. In particular, the category of coadmissible modules does not have enough projectives. In the Appendix a "generalized Robba ring" for uniform pro-$p$ groups is constructed which naturally contains the locally analytic distribution algebra as a subring. The construction uses the theory of generalized microlocalization of quasi-abelian normed algebras that is also developed there. We equip this generalized Robba ring with a self-dual locally convex topology extending the topology on the distribution algebra. This is used to show some results on coadmissible modules.
description: with an appendix by Peter Schneider; revised; new title
Hardware/Software Co-Design for Keyword Spotting on Edge Devices
Creators: name: Bushur, Jacob Irenaeus M
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other engineering not elsewhere classified
Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
Machine learning not elsewhere classified

description: The introduction of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to speech recognition applications has sparked the rapid development and popularization of digital assistants. These digital assistants perform keyword spotting (KWS), constantly monitoring the audio captured by a microphone for a small set of words or phrases known as keywords. Upon recognizing a keyword, a larger audio recording is saved and processed by a separate, more complex neural network. More broadly, neural networks in speech recognition have popularized voice as means of interacting with electronic devices, sparking an interest in individuals using speech recognition in their own projects. However, while large companies have the means to develop custom neural network architectures alongside proprietary hardware platforms, such development precludes those lacking similar resources from developing efficient and effective neural networks for embedded systems. While small, low-power embedded systems are widely available in the hobbyist space, a clear process is needed for developing a neural network that accounts for the limitations of these resource-constrained systems. In contrast, a wide variety of neural network architectures exists, but often little thought is given to deploying these architectures on edge devices.
 This thesis first presents an overview of audio processing techniques, artificial neural network fundamentals, and machine learning tools. A summary of a set of specific neural network architectures is also discussed. Finally, the process of implementing and modifying these existing neural network architectures and training specific models in Python using TensorFlow is demonstrated. The trained models are also subjected to post-training quantization to evaluate the effect on model performance. The models are evaluated using metrics relevant to deployment on resource-constrained systems, such as memory consumption, latency, and model size, in addition to the standard comparisons of accuracy and parameter count. After evaluating the models and architectures, the process of deploying one of the trained and quantized models is explored on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE using TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers and on a Digilent Nexys 4 FPGA board using CFU Playground.
Momentum injection in tokamak plasmas and transitions to reduced transport
Creators: name: Parra, F. I.
name: Barnes, M.
name: Highcock, E. G.
name: Schekochihin, A. A.
name: Cowley, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of momentum injection on the temperature gradient in tokamak plasmas is studied. A plausible scenario for transitions to reduced transport regimes is proposed. The transition happens when there is sufficient momentum input so that the velocity shear can suppress or reduce the turbulence. However, it is possible to drive too much velocity shear and rekindle the turbulent transport. The optimal level of momentum injection is determined. The reduction in transport is maximized in the regions of low or zero magnetic shear.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
The Effect of Galactic Properties on the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons
Creators: name: Fernandez, Elizabeth R.
name: Shull, J. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The escape fraction, fesc, of ionizing photons from early galaxies is a crucial parameter for determining whether the observed galaxies at z > 6 are able to reionize the high-redshift intergalactic medium. Previous attempts to measure fesc have found a wide range of values, varying from less than 0.01 to nearly 1. Rather than finding a single value of fesc, we clarify through modeling how internal properties of galaxies affect fesc through the density and distribution of neutral hydrogen within the galaxy, along with the rate of ionizing photons production. We find that the escape fraction depends sensitively on the covering factor of clumps, along with the density of the clumped and interclump medium. One must therefore be cautious when dealing with an inhomogeneous medium. Fewer, high-density clumps lead to a greater escape fraction than more numerous low-density clumps. When more ionizing photons are produced in a starburst, fesc increases, as photons escape more readily from the gas layers. Large variations in the predicted escape fraction, caused by differences in the hydrogen distribution, may explain the large observed differences in fesc among galaxies. Values of fesc must also be consistent with the reionization history. High-mass galaxies alone are unable to reionize the universe, because fesc > 1 would be required. Small galaxies are needed to achieve reionization, with greater mean escape fraction in the past.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures. Accepted to ApJ. v2: Improvements based on referee's comments
Tumor microenvironment modulation enhances immunologic benefit of chemoradiotherapy
Creators: name: Hanoteau, Aurelie
name: Newton, Jared M.
name: Krupar, Rosemarie
name: Huang, Chen
name: Liu, Hsuan-Chen
name: Gaspero, Angelina
name: Gartrell, Robyn D.
name: Saenger, Yvonne M.
name: Hart, Thomas D.
name: Santegoets, Saskia J.
name: Laoui, Damya
name: Spanos, Chad
name: Parikh, Falguni
name: Jayaraman, Padmini
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Van Der Burg, Sjoerd H.
name: Van Ginderachter, Jo A.
name: Melief, Cornelis J. M.
name: Sikora, Andrew G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Oncology
Tumors
Immunotherapy

description: Background
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains one of the most common cancer treatment modalities, and recent data suggest that CRT is maximally effective when there is generation of an anti-tumoral immune response. However, CRT has also been shown to promote immunosuppressive mechanisms which must be blocked or reversed to maximize its immune stimulating effects.

Methods
Therefore, using a preclinical model of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we developed a clinically relevant therapy combining CRT and two existing immunomodulatory drugs: cyclophosphamide (CTX) and the small molecule inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor L-n6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL). In this model, we treated the syngeneic HPV-HNSCC mEER tumor-bearing mice with fractionated (10 fractions of 3 Gy) tumor-directed radiation and weekly cisplatin administration. We compared the immune responses induced by CRT and those induced by combinatory treatment (CRT + CTX/L-NIL) with flow cytometry, quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence and by profiling immune-related gene expression changes.

Results
We show that combination treatment favorably remodels the tumor myeloid immune microenvironment including an increase in anti-tumor immune cell types (inflammatory monocytes and M1-like macrophages) and a decrease in immunosuppressive granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Intratumoral T cell infiltration and tumor antigen specificity of T cells were also improved, including a 31.8-fold increase in the CD8+ T cell/ regulatory T cell ratio and a significant increase in tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells compared to CRT alone. CTX/LNIL immunomodulation was also shown to significantly improve CRT efficacy, leading to rejection of 21% established tumors in a CD8-dependent manner.

Conclusions
Overall, these data show that modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment with CTX/L-NIL enhances susceptibility of treatment-refractory tumors to CRT. The combination of tumor immune microenvironment modulation with CRT constitutes a translationally relevant approach to enhance CRT efficacy through enhanced immune activation.
IDENTIFYING MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS THROUGH SUPPORT GROUPS IN THE UNIVERSITY CONTEXT: A RAPID REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Creators: name: Molina, Ana Sofía Cuadrado
name: Peña, Daniela María Duque
name: Bermeo, Jenifer Fresneda
name: Baquero, David Felipe Galeano
name: Leon, Diana Carolina Rubio
name: Palencia-Sánchez, Francisco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Support group, Peer group, Mental Health, Depression symptomatology, Anxiety, Stress, College students, College.

description: Mental health problems in university students are a multifactorial public health problem, the incidence of which has increased by 25% due to the SARS-COV 2 pandemic in 2020. The objective was to review the literature on the effectiveness of accompaniment through support groups in mental health in university students. A quick review of the literature was carried out in the databases: Embase, Web of Science y Pubmed, from which 18 articles were selected. Within the rapid review, multiple interventions were found which could be carried out through remote and/or face-to-face support groups. The reviewed studies reported an improvement in the mental health of individuals who participated in the interventions compared to those who did not, using quantitative and qualitative scales such as GAD-7, PHQ-9, Social Phobia Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, among many others. The literature on mental health support group intervention for college students is sparse. The reviewed articles show that the groups generate a subjective and objective improvement in the mental health of the university population.
EVORA 21 - Le tourisme facteur de régénération du territoire
Creators: name: Policarpo, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: ECOCITY World Summit 2013 
Séance SD1 : Exemples de gisements d'emplois de la ville durable (Nantes, 26 Septembre 2013)
Caractérisation du territoire de l'Alentejo et d'Évora, ainsi du contexte socio-économique de la région. Analyse de l'évolution de la ville d'Évora. La relocalisation de l'économie dans le territoire. Articuler les territoires et les filières traditionnelles, en utilisant la transversalité du tourisme pour le développement du territoire. Objectifs du programme de développement local basé sur le tourisme responsable "Évora 21": Assurer la qualité de vie à Évora (dans un scénario de crise structurelle) et affirmer Évora comme une destination de tourisme responsable (structurant et renforçant les capacités de l'offre touristique). Mettre ainsi le tourisme au service de la régénération du territoire.
Determinants and Perfect Matchings
Creators: name: Ayyer, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05B20, 05C10, 05C70, 15B57, 15A15

description: We give a combinatorial interpretation of the determinant of a matrix as a generating function over Brauer diagrams in two different but related ways. The sign of a permutation associated to its number of inversions in the Leibniz formula for the determinant is replaced by the number of crossings in the Brauer diagram. This interpretation naturally explains why the determinant of an even antisymmetric matrix is the square of a Pfaffian.
description: 15 pages, terminology improved, exposition tightened, "deranged matchings" example removed
Integrated information increases with fitness in the evolution of animats
Creators: name: Edlund, Jeffrey
name: Chaumont, Nicolas
name: Hintze, Arend
name: Koch, Christof
name: Tononi, Giulio
name: Adami, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the hallmarks of biological organisms is their ability to integrate disparate information sources to optimize their behavior in complex environments. How this capability can be quantified and related to the functional complexity of an organism remains a challenging problem, in particular since organismal functional complexity is not well-defined. We present here several candidate measures that quantify information and integration, and study their dependence on fitness as an artificial agent ("animat") evolves over thousands of generations to solve a navigation task in a simple, simulated environment. We compare the ability of these measures to predict high fitness with more conventional information-theoretic processing measures. As the animat adapts by increasing its "fit" to the world, information integration and processing increase commensurately along the evolutionary line of descent. We suggest that the correlation of fitness with information integration and with processing measures implies that high fitness requires both information processing as well as integration, but that information integration may be a better measure when the task requires memory. A correlation of measures of information integration (but also information processing) and fitness strongly suggests that these measures reflect the functional complexity of the animat, and that such measures can be used to quantify functional complexity even in the absence of fitness data.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, one supplementary figure. Three supplementary video files available on request. Version commensurate with published text in PLoS Comput. Biol
Static charging of graphene and graphite slabs
Creators: name: Topsakal, Mehmet
name: Ciraci, Salim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of external static charging of graphene and its flakes are investigated by using first-principles calculations. While the Fermi level of negatively charged graphene rises and then is quickly pinned by the parabolic, nearly free electron like bands, it moves down readily by removal of electrons from graphene. Excess charges accumulate mainly at both surfaces of graphite slab. Even more remarkable is that Coulomb repulsion exfoliates the graphene layers from both surfaces of positively charged graphite slab. The energy level structure, binding energy and and spin-polarization of specific adatoms adsorbed to a graphene flake can be monitored by charging.
description: accepted for publication in APL (after 226 days)
Knot Invariants and New Weight Systems from General 3D TFTs
Creators: name: Qiu, Jian
name: Zabzine, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and study the Wilson loops in a general 3D topological field theories (TFTs), and show that the expectation value of Wilson loops also gives knot invariants as in Chern-Simons theory. We study the TFTs within the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) and Alexandrov-Kontsevich-Schwarz-Zaboronsky (AKSZ) framework, and the Ward identities of these theories imply that the expectation value of the Wilson loop is a pairing of two dual constructions of (co)cycles of certain extended graph complex (extended from Kontsevich's graph complex to accommodate the Wilson loop). We also prove that there is an isomorphism between the same complex and certain extended Chevalley-Eilenberg complex of Hamiltonian vector fields. This isomorphism allows us to generalize the Lie algebra weight system for knots to weight systems associated with any homological vector field and its representations. As an example we construct knot invariants using holomorphic vector bundle over hyperKahler manifolds.
description: 55 pages, typos corrected
Evolution of String-Wall Networks and Axionic Domain Wall Problem
Creators: name: Hiramatsu, Takashi
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Saikawa, Ken'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmological evolution of domain walls bounded by strings which arise naturally in axion models. If we introduce a bias in the potential, walls become metastable and finally disappear. We perform two dimensional lattice simulations of domain wall networks and estimate the decay rate of domain walls. By using the numerical results, we give a constraint for the bias parameter and the Peccei-Quinn scale. We also discuss the possibility to probe axion models by direct detection of gravitational waves produced by domain walls.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures; revised version of the manuscript, accepted for publication in JCAP
Search for Higgs bosons decaying to tautau pairs in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for the production of neutral Higgs bosons decaying into tautau pairs in ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb-1, were collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We set upper limits at the 95% C.L. on the product of production cross section and branching ratio for a scalar resonance decaying into tautau pairs, and we then interpret these limits as limits on the production of Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and as constraints in the MSSM parameter space.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PLB
The Library is the Brand
Creators: name: Cartolano, Robert T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Academic libraries
Academic libraries--Marketing
Branding (Marketing)
Information science

description: Today’s academic library manages a complex set of online information resources, delivered by a combination of locally managed and externally provided services. It is vital to academic libraries that the digital library services we provide — whatever their source — carry clear university brand identity. This strengthens the library’s position in the university and enables it to secure the budget and political capital necessary to do its work. Both libraries and their vendors have much to gain from this approach to brand. Here is how Columbia University developed a more formal approach for Library branding and achieved success with some of our largest vendors.
Cell death induced by the application of alternating magnetic fields to nanoparticle-loaded dendritic cells
Creators: name: Marcos-Campos, I.
name: Asín, L.
name: Torres, T. E.
name: Marquina, C.
name: Tres, A.
name: Ibarra, M. R.
name: Goya, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this work, the capability of primary, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to uptake iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is assessed and a strategy to induce selective cell death in these MNP-loaded DCs using external alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) is reported. No significant decrease in the cell viability of MNP-loaded DCs, compared to the control samples, was observed after five days of culture. The amount of MNPs incorporated into the cytoplasm was measured by magnetometry, which confirmed that 1 to 5 pg of the particles were uploaded per cell. The intracellular distribution of these MNPs, assessed by transmission electron microscopy, was found to be primarily inside the endosomic structures. These cells were then subjected to an AMF for 30 min, and the viability of the blank DCs (i.e., without MNPs), which were used as control samples, remained essentially unaffected. However, a remarkable decrease of viability from approximately 90% to 2-5% of DCs previously loaded with MNPs was observed after the same 30 min exposure to an AMF. The same results were obtained using MNPs having either positive (NH2+) or negative (COOH-) surface functional groups. In spite of the massive cell death induced by application of AMF to MNP-loaded DCs, the amount of incorporated magnetic particles did not raise the temperature of the cell culture. Clear morphological changes at the cell structure after magnetic field application were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, local damage produced by the MNPs could be the main mechanism for the selective cell death of MNP-loaded DCs under an AMF. Based on the ability of these cells to evade the reticuloendothelial system, these complexes combined with an AMF should be considered as a potentially powerful tool for tumour therapy.
description: In Press. 33 pages, 11 figures
NanoSIMS single cell analyses reveal the contrasting nitrogen sources for small phytoplankton
Creators: name: Berthelot, Hugo
name: Duhamel, Solange
name: L’Helguen, Stéphane
name: Maguer, Jean-Francois
name: Wang, Seaver
name: Cetinić, Ivona
name: Cassar, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Microbial ecology
Phytoplankton
Nitrogen
Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms
Marine biology

description: Nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient in vast regions of the world’s oceans, yet the sources of N available to various phytoplankton groups remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated inorganic carbon (C) fixation rates and nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+) and urea uptake rates at the single cell level in photosynthetic pico-eukaryotes (PPE) and the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. To that end, we used dual 15N and 13C-labeled incubation assays coupled to flow cytometry cell sorting and nanoSIMS analysis on samples collected in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) and in the California Current System (CCS). Based on these analyses, we found that photosynthetic growth rates (based on C fixation) of PPE were higher in the CCS than in the NSPG, while the opposite was observed for Prochlorococcus. Reduced forms of N (NH4+ and urea) accounted for the majority of N acquisition for all the groups studied. NO3− represented a reduced fraction of total N uptake in all groups but was higher in PPE (17.4 ± 11.2% on average) than in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (4.5 ± 6.5 and 2.9 ± 2.1% on average, respectively). This may in part explain the contrasting biogeography of these picoplankton groups. Moreover, single cell analyses reveal that cell-to-cell heterogeneity within picoplankton groups was significantly greater for NO3− uptake than for C fixation and NH4+ uptake. We hypothesize that cellular heterogeneity in NO3− uptake within groups facilitates adaptation to the fluctuating availability of NO3− in the environment.
Reframing Quantum Mechanics Through Energy-Density Gradients (EDGs): A Deterministic Model of Structured Redistribution
Creators: name: Shreenan-Dyck, Chris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 490203
subject: Mathematical aspects of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and quantum information theory

description: This paper introduces a novel reinterpretation of quantum mechanics through the framework of Energy-Density Gradients (EDGs), forming the basis of the MEG (Mass-Energy-Gradient) model. Rather than treating quantization, tunneling, and entanglement as fundamental uncertainties, the MEG model presents these effects as outcomes of structured energy redistribution constrained by boundary conditions in space. The paper reformulates core quantum phenomena—including wavefunction collapse, Bell violations, the Casimir effect, and the Quantum Zeno effect—as deterministic consequences of EDG interactions. The model offers testable predictions, aligns with observed deviations in tunneling and resonance behavior, and proposes a unified framework for integrating quantum behavior with gravity and vacuum energy structure. This approach challenges probabilistic interpretations by revealing how structured constraints lead to quantized, resonant, and highly ordered outcomes.
Explicit construction of the classical BRST charge for nonlinear algebras
Creators: name: Bratchikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an explicit formula for the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) charge associated with Poisson superalgebras. To this end, we split the master equation for the BRST charge into a pair of equations such that one of them is equivalent to the original one. We find the general solution to this equation. The solution possesses a graphical representation in terms of diagrams.
description: 9 pages; v2,v3 minor corrections, references added for v3
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FLUX ENHANCEMENT IN MEMBRANE DISTILLATION SYSTEM USING NOVEL CONDENSING SURFACES
Creators: name: Yogi, Yashwant S
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The water crisis is increasing with every passing day due to climate change and increase in demand. Different desalination methods have been developed over the years to overcome this shortage of water. Reverse Osmosis is the most widely used desalination technology, but cannot treat many fouling-prone and high salinity water sources. A new desalination technology, Membrane distillation (MD), has the potential to purify wastewater as well as highly saline water up to a very high purity. It is a thermal energy-driven desalination method, which can operate on low temperature waste heat sources from industries, powerplants and renewable sources like solar power. Among the different configurations of MD, Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) is the most versatile and flexible. However, the issue that all MD technology, including AGMD face, is the low energy efficiency. Different sections of AGMD system have been modified and improved over the years through consistent research to improve its energy efficiency, but one section that is still new and unexplored, and has a very high potential to improve the energy efficiency of AGMD, is the ‘air gap’. The aim of this research is to tap into the potential of the air gap and increase the energy efficiency of the AGMD system. It is known that decreasing the air gap thickness improves the energy efficiency parameter called Gained output ratio (GOR) to a great extent, especially at very small air gap thickness. The minimum gap thickness that maximizes the performance is smaller than the current gap thicknesses used. But it is difficult to attain such smaller air gap thickness (< 2mm) without the constant risk of flooding. Flooding can be prevented, and smaller air gap thickness can be achieved if instead of film wise condensation on the condensing surface, a different condensation flow regime is formed. This study tests different novel condensing surfaces like Slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) and Superhydrophobic surfaces (fabricated with different methods) inside the AGMD system with a goal of attaining smaller air gap thickness and improve the performance of AGMD system for the first time. The performance of these surfaces is compared with plain copper surface as well as with each other. Finally, numerical models are developed using the experimental data for these surfaces.
Supporting America's Low-Income Working Families through Universal Paid Family Leave
Creators: name: Wilson-Simmons, Renee
name: Setty, Suma
name: Thomas-Smith, Tiffany
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Working poor
Working poor--Government policy
Low-income parents
Parental leave
Poor children

description: This piece is a chapter in a compendium of policy briefs in Our Kids, Our Future: Solutions to Child Poverty in the U.S., compiled by the Child Poverty Action Group and First Focus. This chapter, written by researchers from the National Center for Children in Poverty, focuses on the need for a universal, national paid family and medical leave program in the U.S. for new parents to heal from child birth and bond with their children.  The brief provides policy context for paid leave in the U.S., outlines the evidence of pathways between the provision of paid leave and the reduction in child poverty, presents necessary elements of a sound paid leave policy, and provides pros and cons of possible policy solutions for implementing universal paid family leave in the U.S.
Normalization of peer-evaluation measures of group research quality across academic disciplines
Creators: name: Kenna, Ralph
name: Berche, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Peer-evaluation based measures of group research quality such as the UK's Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), which do not employ bibliometric analyses, cannot directly avail of such methods to normalize research impact across disciplines. This is seen as a conspicuous flaw of such exercises and calls have been made to find a remedy. Here a simple, systematic solution is proposed based upon a mathematical model for the relationship between research quality and group quantity. This model manifests both the Matthew effect and a phenomenon akin to the Ringelmann effect and reveals the existence of two critical masses for each academic discipline: a lower value, below which groups are vulnerable, and an upper value beyond which the dependency of quality on quantity reduces and plateaus appear when the critical masses are large. A possible normalization procedure is then to pitch these plateaus at similar levels. We examine the consequences of this procedure at RAE for a multitude of academic disciplines, corresponding to a range of critical masses.
description: 5 figures, each with 2 panels. To appear in the journal Research Evaluation
Identification of strong and weak interacting two level systems in KBr:CN
Creators: name: Gaita-Ariño, Alejandro
name: Schechter, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneling two level systems (TLSs) are believed to be the source of phenomena such as the universal low temperature properties in disordered and amorphous solids, and $1/f$ noise. The existence of these phenomena in a large variety of dissimilar physical systems testifies for the universal nature of the TLSs, which however, is not yet known. Following a recent suggestion that attributes the low temperature TLSs to inversion pairs [M. Schechter and P.C.E. Stamp, arXiv:0910.1283.] we calculate explicitly the TLS-phonon coupling of inversion symmetric and asymmetric TLSs in a given disordered crystal. Our work (a) estimates parameters that support the theory in M. Schechter and P.C.E. Stamp, arXiv:0910.1283, in its general form, and (b) positively identifies, for the first time, the relevant TLSs in a given system.
description: minor modifications, published version