cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SÕJALAEVA ELUTSÜKLIPÕHISE KULUMUDELI LOOMINE
Creators: name: Sander, Priit
name: Mardo, Marek
name: Lääts, Kertu
name: Murumets, Jaan
name: Haldma, Toomas
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Life-cycle costing provides decision-makers with a comprehensive overview of the costs of acquiring, maintaining and operating a warship. In addition, it allows for the assessment and comparison of the total costs of competing tenders before making the final selection. From 2017 to 2018, the Estonian Military Academy (EMA) carried out a research and development project in collaboration with the University of Tartu and the Estonian Navy with the aim of designing an evaluation model for the assessment of the costs of a warship across its entire life cycle. The main objective was to develop a practical instrument for decision-makers to help in their deliberations over whether to acquire a warship, and which capabilities should be installed. The model generated in the course of this research contributes to the careful consideration of a large-scale investment decision that must take into account the financial costs and expenditures accrued throughout the entire life cycle of the warship, i.e., from the moment of the decision to acquire the warship up to its eventual disposal. The financial aspects of our research are based on the theoretical frameworks of cost accounting, life cycle costing and the net present value principle. The resulting multi-period model is based on the net present value of future cash flows to account for the fact that the distribution of cash flows related to different decision alternatives varies considerably over time. Due to that, future cash flows are discounted at a rate that corresponds to their level of risk and the overall economic situation. The military-technical aspects of our research rely on the seven-phase warship life cycle used by NATO, and the Expanded Ship Work Breakdown Structure (ESWBS). For the purposes of analysis we identified the cost categories and cost elements across the entire life cycle (i.e., acquisition costs, operating and maintenance costs), and also analysed the main influencing factors. In addition, we ascertained the useful life-time of a generic warship, and calculated the corresponding discount rates. Finally, we developed a spreadsheet-based cost model, and prepared an accompanying user guidelines document.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 14 (2020)
VEAKULTUUR – UUS TEEMA BUNDESWEHRIS
Creators: name: Freiherr Von Rosen, Claus
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Aastal 2016 ilmunud valge raamatu peatükist „Parim võimalik varustus ülesande täitmiseks“ võib lugeda lähemalt avamata lauset: „Relvastusvaldkonna juhtimise moderniseerimise edu võti on anda eeskuju tõe-, vaidlus- ja veakultuurile“. Lõigule „Bundeswehr peab dünaamilise organisatsioonina suutma reageerida uutele või muutunud nõudmistele paindlikult ja kohanemisvõimeliselt“ on lisatud põhjendusena järgmine mõte: „Ülimalt komplekssed ülesanded, mida Bundeswehril tuleb täita, nõuavad tsiviil- ja militaarisikkoosseisu ühise organisatsioonikultuuri edasiarendamist“. Esmapilgul ütleb see tsitaat, et Bundeswehril on tehniline relvastus-, aga ka organisatsiooniprobleem. Relvastusteema puhul mainitakse aga ka „sellisele [organisatsiooni]kultuurile vajalike juhtide välja- ja täiendusõpet“. Ja organisatsioonikultuuri parandamiseks viidatakse, et tuleb „endiselt tugevdada usaldus-, vastutus- ja veakultuuri“. Sellest ilmneb, et relvastuses ja organisatsioonis peituvad probleemid on tegelikult seotud inimesega ning tuginevad puudustele usaldus-, vastutus- ja veakultuuris.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 14 (2020)
OBJECTIFIED CULTURAL CAPITAL AND MILITARY SERVICE READINESS AMONG RESERVISTS OF THE ESTONIAN DEFENCE FORCES
Creators: name: Laanepere, Taavi
name: Kasearu, Kairi
name: Tooding, Liina-Mai
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: One of the primary objectives of mandatory conscript service is the generation and accumulation of positive cultural and social capital that would foster the service readiness of soldiers assigned to the reserve force. This study draws on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of “objectified cultural capital” to highlight the role of military mementos and artefacts in fostering service readiness among reservists. The generation and accumulation of objectified cultural capital that is also positively related to other forms of capital and factors is one way of creating a solid foundation for long-lasting elements that make up a reservist’s military habitus. This study focuses on what types of military mementos are most effective for this purpose, and also how this objectified cultural capital is related to other forms of cultural capital (i.e., embodied cultural capital, and institutionalized cultural capital) acquired in the military field. The analysis is based on survey data collected from 1,248 reservists of the Estonian Defence Forces (EDF) during the 2019 military exercise Spring Storm. Based on our findings, the authors put forward a model for measuring the service readiness of reservists that aims to explain the interrelationships and impact of different types of cultural capital, while also factoring in the effect of prior personal experiences from military service. The results of this study indicate that the most influential military mementos that promote service readiness among reservists are personal photos and videos about interesting and exiting events, situations or activities. However, this type of objectified cultural capital seems to derive its positive effect from assemblage and interaction with other forms of cultural as well as social capital. Ultimately, our findings indicate that the strongest motivator affecting the service readiness of reservists is their satisfaction with the most recent military exercise, and that, in turn, depends on positive experiences related to unit cohesion and feelings of professionalism, supported by practical skills acquired in the course of military service.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 14 (2020)
Vaccination against 2009 pandemic H1N1 in a population dynamical model of Vancouver, Canada: timing is everything
Creators: name: Conway, Jessica M.
name: Tuite, Ashleigh R.
name: Fisman, David N.
name: Hupert, Nathaniel
name: Meza, Rafael
name: Davoudi, Bahman
name: English, Krista
name: Van Den Driessche, P.
name: Brauer, Fred
name: Ma, Junling
name: Meyers, Lauren A.
name: Smieja, Marek
name: Greer, Amy
name: Skowronski, Danuta M.
name: Buckeridge, David L.
name: Kwong, Jeffrey C.
name: Wu, Jianhong
name: Moghadas, Seyed M.
name: Coombs, Daniel
name: Brunham, Robert C.
name: Pourbohloul, Babak
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Much remains unknown about the effect of timing and prioritization of vaccination against pandemic (pH1N1) 2009 virus on health outcomes. We adapted a city-level contact network model to study different campaigns on influenza morbidity and mortality. Methods: We modeled different distribution strategies initiated between July and November 2009 using a compartmental epidemic model that includes age structure and transmission network dynamics. The model represents the Greater Vancouver Regional District, a major North American city and surrounding suburbs with a population of 2 million, and is parameterized using data from the British Columbia Ministry of Health, published studies, and expert opinion. Outcomes are expressed as the number of infections and deaths averted due to vaccination. Results: The model output was consistent with provincial surveillance data. Assuming a basic reproduction number = 1.4, an 8-week vaccination campaign initiated 2 weeks before the epidemic onset reduced morbidity and mortality by 79-91% and 80-87%, respectively, compared to no vaccination. Prioritizing children and parents for vaccination may have reduced transmission compared to actual practice, but the mortality benefit of this strategy appears highly sensitive to campaign timing. Modeling the actual late October start date resulted in modest reductions in morbidity and mortality (13-25% and 16-20%, respectively) with little variation by prioritization scheme. Conclusion: Delays in vaccine production due to technological or logistical barriers may reduce potential benefits of vaccination for pandemic influenza, and these temporal effects can outweigh any additional theoretical benefits from population targeting. Careful modeling may provide decision makers with estimates of these effects before the epidemic peak to guide production goals and inform policy. Integration of real-time surveillance data with mathematical models holds the promise of enabling public health planners to optimize the community benefits from proposed interventions before the pandemic peak.
Anthobium fusculum
Creators: name: Shavrin, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Anthobium
Anthobium fusculum

description: Anthobium fusculum (Erichson, 1839)
Lathrimaeum fusculum Erichson, 1839: 629.
For synonyms and other references see Shavrin & Smetana (2018).
Material examined. IRAQ: 1 ♀: S Rawandoz, Akoian Valley, 36°30´N 44°36´E. ~ 1400 m a.s.l., pitfall trap. 04.2018. leg. Ch. Reuter (cF); AFGHANISTAN: 1 ♂: ‘♂’, ‘J, Klapperich Walang, 2750 m Salangtal, 15.11.52 ’, ‘Hindukusch O. Afghanistan’, ‘ex. coll. Scheerpeltz’, ‘ TYPUS Lathrimaeum afghanicum O. Scheerpeltz’, ‘ Lathrimaeum afghanicum n. sp. ’ (NMW).
Remarks. Anthobium fusculum is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region and known from Europe to Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia (Shavrin & Smetana 2018). Shavrin & Smetana (2018) and Shavrin (2023, 2024a) listed “ Lathrimaeum kashmiricum Coiffait, 1982: 150 ” as a synonym of A. fusculum. In fact, the name “ kashmiricum ” was misspelled with “ cachemiricum ”. Lathrimaeum cachemiricum Coiffait, 1982 was originally described from “ Inde, Cachemire, Zagipal, près Pahalgam…” (Coiffait 1982: 150, see also Shavrin 2013). Other species, Anthobium kashmiricum (Cameron, 1941), originally described as Lathrimaeum (Prionothorax) kashmiricum from “Kashmir: Gulmarg…” (Cameron 1941: 58) is a valid species of the reflexum group (Shavrin & Smetana 2019).
It is here recorded from Iraq and Afghanistan for the first time.
description: Published as part of Shavrin, Alexey V., 2025, New species and records of Omaliinae MacLeay, 1925 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the eastern Palaearctic region, pp. 157-168 in Zootaxa 5601 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/14980663
Herbaria Heritage: Visualising Colonial Bias in Natural History Collections
Creators: name: Todd, Michaela
name: Morales Furuta, Sakura
name: Reviejo, Ana
name: Weber, Andreas
name: Stork, Lise
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Natural History
Data Visualization
Colonial Bias
Computational Methods

description: As a result of the colonial entanglements of many natural history collections, much of the world’s biodiversity heritage is housed in Europe. Increasingly, natural history institutions have started to address this history. However, computational methods for analysing large collections often consist of static visualisations of collection provenance. Interactive visualisations allow users to understand collections better: their content gaps as well as interesting patterns and trends. Using a dataset containing metadata of five million entries from the botanical collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, we created an interactive visualisation with Microsoft PowerBI. The visualisation depicts colonial origins and the botany collection’s movement to the Netherlands overtime on an interactive map and timeline. This project thus addresses a gap in historical research on the colonial legacy of Dutch botanical collections, and also a gap in computer science research regarding computational techniques for distant reading of natural heritage data. Our interactive visualisation increases the accessibility of the available scientific data. It also contributes to understanding the cultural history of natural history collections and ultimately, highlights the importance of accurate and accessible visual representations of biodiversity collection histories. This project suggests a way forward for natural history museums grappling with their colonial past.
Motion of interfaces in biological systems
Creators: name: Highmore, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60802 Animal Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60601 Animal Physiology - Biophysics
subject: 60603 Animal Physiology - Systems
subject: Biophysics
subject: Cancer
subject: 60106 Cellular Interactions (incl. Adhesion, Matrix, Cell Wall)
subject: 29901 Biological Physics
subject: 20406 Surfaces and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20405 Soft Condensed Matter

description: Interfaces might be characterised by properties such as energy per area, speed, width and interaction with inhomogeneities which may impede or accelerate their motion. We consider advancing tumour and apoptosis fronts as examples.We present a simple stability analysis for an interface between a tumour and surrounding tissue. We consider how the sizes of escaping metastatic clusters and the work required to form protrusions of critical size might depend on interfacial energy.
We suggest how an advancing apoptosis front might initially advance fast enough to suppress disease, but slow beneath the threshold when its progress is curtailed by a need to generate replacement cells.We consider boundaries which separate regions where cells cycles are synchronised from regions where they are unsynchronised, or regions where they are synchronised albeit with different phases or angular speeds.
Geodromicus convexicollis Luze 1903
Creators: name: Shavrin, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Geodromicus
Geodromicus convexicollis

description: Geodromicus convexicollis Luze, 1903
Geodromicus convexicollis Luze, 1903.
For other references see Shavrin (2022a).
Material examined. 3 ♀♀: TAJIKISTAN: ‘ Hissar, Boch. Coll Hauser’, ‘Collect. Hauser’ (NMW).
Remarks. Geodromicus convexicollis is widely distributed in the Middle Asia and known from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan.
description: Published as part of Shavrin, Alexey V., 2025, New species and records of Omaliinae MacLeay, 1925 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the eastern Palaearctic region, pp. 157-168 in Zootaxa 5601 (1) on page 160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/14980663
SÕJALISED ERAETTEVÕTTED TÄNAPÄEVAL
Creators: name: Laaneots, Ants
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Üheks inimkonna ajalugu iseloomustavaks nähtuseks sõjalises valdkonnas on taas saanud keskajal Euroopas laialt levinud, seejärel unustusse langenud ja nüüd uuesti sündinud palgasõjaväed ja palgasõdurid. Erinevus kahe ajastu palgasõdurite vahel seisneb vaid selles, et kui minevikus värbasid neid riigid või aadelkonna esindajad, siis tänapäeval kasutavad palgasõdurite teenuseid nii riiklikud kui ka äristruktuurid. Nüüdisaja palgasõdur on inimene, kes osaleb relvastatud konfliktis mitte oma poliitilistest, ideoloogilistest või rahvuslikest huvidest lähtudes, vaid sellepärast, et talle makstakse eluohtliku tegevuse eest head palka.1 Sageli on nii, et palgasõdurid ei ole selle riigi kodanikud, mille territooriumil käib sõda või toimub relvastatud konflikt, kus nad osalevad. Võimalikud on muidugi ka erandid, nagu see juhtus Vene palgasõduritega Ukrainas, mida nad kui slaavi riiki peavad ise üheks osaks Venemaast. Ajalugu on näidanud, et tüüpiline palgasõdur ei anna truudusevannet ei oma riigile ega ka teistele riikidele.


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 13 (2019)
Herbaria Heritage: Visualising Colonial Bias in Natural History Collections
Creators: name: Morales Furuta, Sakura
name: Reviejo, Ana
name: Todd, Michaela
name: Stork, Lise
name: Weber, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Natural History
Data Visualization
Colonial Bias
Computational Methods

description: As a result of the colonial entanglements of many natural history collections, much of the world’s biodiversity heritage is housed in Europe. Increasingly, natural history institutions have started to address this history. However, computational methods for analysing large collections often consist of static visualisations of collection provenance. Interactive visualisations allow users to understand collections better: their content gaps as well as interesting patterns and trends. Using a dataset containing metadata of five million entries from the botanical collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, we created an interactive visualisation with Microsoft PowerBI. The visualisation depicts colonial origins and the botany collection’s movement to the Netherlands overtime on an interactive map and timeline. This project thus addresses a gap in historical research on the colonial legacy of Dutch botanical collections, and also a gap in computer science research regarding computational techniques for distant reading of natural heritage data. Our interactive visualisation increases the accessibility of the available scientific data. It also contributes to understanding the cultural history of natural history collections and ultimately, highlights the importance of accurate and accessible visual representations of biodiversity collection histories. This project suggests a way forward for natural history museums grappling with their colonial past.
Supplementary Figures from A novel methodological approach to simultaneously extract high-quality total RNA and proteins from cortical and trabecular bone
Creators: name: Faraldi, Martina
name: Mangiavini, Laura
name: Conte, Caterina
name: Banfi, Giuseppe
name: Napoli, Nicola
name: Lombardi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: Molecular Biology

description: Molecular differences between cortical and trabecular bone, of relevance to understand the pathophysiological bases of bone diseases, can be determined only throughout effective isolation methods for RNA and proteins. Here we present a TRIzol-based method, combining bone pulverization and homogenization, to extract simultaneously total RNA and proteins from human cortical and trabecular bone from the same carrot. RNA integrity and purity were determined as the 260-to-280 nm and 260-to-230 nm absorbance-ratios, and 28S-to-18S rRNA ratio. Protein integrity and quality were evaluated by Coomassie Blue staining. RT-qPCR and immunoblotting for bone-specific genes and proteins were performed to verify the suitability of the isolated material in downstream applications. 260-to-280 nm and 260-to-230 nm absorbance ratios were, on average, less than or equal to 1.8. Bands on agarose gel were consistent to an intact RNA, with mean 28S-to-18S ratios of 1.68 ± 0.35 and 1.88 ± 0.10 for cortical and trabecular bone, respectively. Band patterns after Coomassie Blue staining confirmed protein integrity. Successful gene and protein expression analysis, with relevant differences between the two compartments, highlighted the suitability of the material in downstream applications. The method here presented is appropriate and effective for the study of human bone.
Geodromicus kashmirensis Cameron 1930
Creators: name: Shavrin, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Geodromicus
Geodromicus kashmirensis

description: Geodromicus kashmirensis Cameron, 1930
Geodromicus kashmirensis Cameron, 1930: 455.
For synonyms and other references see Shavrin (2022a).
Material examined. AFGHANISTAN: 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (one male and one female with additional red label: ‘ TYPUS Geodromicus afghanicus O. Scheerpeltz’): ‘J. Klapperich Pagmangebirge 2300 m, 30.5.52 O. Afghanistan’, ‘ex coll. Scheerpeltz’, ‘COTYPUS Geodromicus afghanicus O. Scheerpeltz’ (NMW); 2 ♂♂: ‘J. Klapperich Pagmangebirge 2400 m, 6.7.52 O. Afghanistan’, ‘ex, coll. Scheerpeltz’, ‘COTYPUS Geodromicus afghanicus O. Scheerpeltz’ (NMW); 1 ♂: ‘J. Klapperich Sarekanda, 3600 m 23.7.53, Gebirge’, ‘Badakschan NO - Afghanistan’, ‘ex coll. Scheerpeltz’, ‘COTYPUS Geodromicus afghanicus O. Scheerpeltz’ (NMW); 1 ♂, 1 ♀: ‘J. Klapperich Qulatak, 1950 m Salangtal, 9.10.52’, ‘Hindukush O. Afghanistan’, ‘ex. coll. Scheerpeltz’, ‘ TYPUS Geodromicus cordicollis O. Scheerpeltz’ (NMW); 1 ♂: same data as the previous except one red label: ‘COTYPUS Geodromicus cordicollis O. Scheerpeltz’ (cSh); 1 ♀: ‘J. Klapperich Qulatak, 1950 m Salangtal, 9.10.52’, ‘Hindukush O. Afghanistan’, ‘ex coll. Scheerpeltz’, ‘ TYPUS Geodromicus salangensis O. Scheerpeltz’, ‘ Geodromicus salangensis n. sp. ’ (NMW); 2 ♀♀: ‘Oesterreichische Karakorum Expedition leg. Dr. E. PIFFL’, ‘Haramosch-Massiv Gumari’ (cSh, NMW); INDIA: KASHMIR: 1 ♂: Tangmarg, Pir Panjal Mt. 2600 m a.s.l. 21– 25.05.1976. J. Martens & W. Schawaller leg. (SMNS).
Remarks. Geodromicus kashmirensis is known from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India (Ladakh, Kashmir).
description: Published as part of Shavrin, Alexey V., 2025, New species and records of Omaliinae MacLeay, 1925 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the eastern Palaearctic region, pp. 157-168 in Zootaxa 5601 (1) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/14980663
The Centre for Healthy Weights—Shapedown BC: A Family-Centered, Multidisciplinary Program that Reduces Weight Gain in Obese Children over the Short-Term
Creators: name: Panagiotopoulos, Constadina
name: Ronsley, Rebecca
name: Al-Dubayee, Mohammed
name: Brant, Rollin
name: Kuzeljevic, Boris
name: Rurak, Erin
name: Cristall, Arlene
name: Marks, Glynis
name: Sneddon, Penny
name: Hinchliffe, Mary
name: Chanoine, Jean-Pierre
name: Mâsse, Louise C.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: The objective was to conduct a program evaluation of the Centre for Healthy Weights—Shapedown BC (CHW-SB), a family-centered, multidisciplinary program for obese children, by assessing the change in weight trajectories from program intake to completion. Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical, biochemical and psychological parameters, and in physical activity (PA) levels. The CHW-SB program was evaluated over 10 weeks. Data collection included anthropometric, metabolic, PA and psychological measures. Longitudinal mixed effects regression was performed to evaluate weight change from Phase 1 (before program on waitlist) to Phase 2 (during program). 238 children < 18 years of age were referred to the program of which 119 were eligible for participation. There was a significant decrease in weight trajectory in children following program entry. Participants experienced an average .89% monthly increase before program entry, compared to a .37% monthly decline afterwards, a drop of 1.26% (p < 0.0001, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.44). zBMI (2.26 ± 0.33 to 2.20 ± 0.36, p < 0.001), waist circumference (99 ± 15.7 to 97 ± 16 cm, p < 0.0001) and fasting insulin (137 ± 94.8 to 121 ± 83.4 pmol/L, < 0.001) also decreased in participants who attended the final visit. Significant improvements were seen in all measures of PA, self-concept, and anxiety. CHW-SB, a government-funded program, is the first obesity-treatment program to be evaluated in Canada. While short-term evaluation revealed significant improvements in adiposity, PA, and psychological measures, the lack of full follow-up is a limitation in interpreting the clinical effectiveness of this program, as drop-out may be associated with lack of success in meeting program goals. These data also emphasize the need for ongoing evaluation to assess the long-term implications of this unique program and ultimately optimize utilization of governmental resources.
VENEMAA FÖDERATSIOONI VÕIMALIK ROLL 2015. AASTA RÄNDEKRIISIS NING SEOS RADIKALISEERUMISE PÕHJUSTEGA EESTI MOSLEMITE LÕIMUMISEL
Creators: name: Tammekun, Katrin
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Eestis elavat moslemikogukonda peetakse üldjuhul rahulikuks ning enamjaolt hästi ühiskonda sulandunuks. Osa kohalikust moslemikogukonnast on sulandunud suuremal määral venekeelsesse vähemuskogukonda. Artikli1 eesmärk on analüüsida, kuidas suhestuvad Venemaa Föderatsiooni huvid Süürias Euroopa Liitu 2015. aastal tabanud rändekriisi ja radikaliseerumise ehk äärmustumise juurpõhjustega Eestis. Radikaliseerumise uurimisel tuginetakse Veldhuis᾿ ja Stauni loodud radikaliseerumise juurpõhjuste mudelile, mis on kohandatud Eesti oludega. Olulisemate järeldustena on võimalik esitada, et Venemaa Föderatsioon on kasutanud rände- ehk migratsioonikriisi eri poliitiliste eesmärkide täitmiseks. Eesti ühiskonnas ilmnevad polariseerumistunnused võivad olla soodne pinnas radikaliseerumise avaldumiseks.


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 13 (2019)
Complex Social Networks are Missing in the Dominant COVID-19 Epidemic Models
Creators: name: Manzo, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2020
Subjects: compartmental models; ego-centered networks; scale-free networks; small-world networks; agent-based computational models

description: In the COVID-19 crisis, compartmental models have been largely used to predict the macroscopic dynamics of infections and deaths and to assess different non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed to contain the microscopic dynamics of person-to-person contagions. Evidence shows that the predictions of these models are affected by high levels of uncertainty. However, the link between predictions and interventions is rarely questioned and a critical scrutiny of the dependency of interventions on model assumptions is missing in public debate. In this article, I have examined the building blocks of compartmental epidemic models so influential in the current crisis. A close look suggests that these models can only lead to one type of intervention, i.e., interventions that indifferently concern large subsets of the population or even the overall population. This is because they look at virus diffusion without modelling the topology of social interactions. Therefore, they cannot assess any targeted interventions that could surgically isolate specific individuals and/or cutting particular person-to-person transmission paths. If complex social networks are seriously considered, more sophisticated interventions can be explored that apply to specific categories or set of individuals with expected collective benefits. In the last section of the article, I sketch a research agenda to promote a new generation of network-driven epidemic models.
description: Sociologica, Vol 14, No 1 (2020)
Human precision-cut liver tumor slices as a tumor patient-individual predictive test system for oncolytic measles vaccine viruses
Creators: name: Lauer, Ulrich M.
name: Weiss, Thomas S.
name: Bitzer, Michael
name: Gregor, Michael
name: Königsrainer, Alfred
name: Groothuis, Geny M. M.
name: Rots, Marianne
name: Wehrmann, Manfred
name: Wagner, Silvia
name: Kupka, Susan
name: Smirnow, Irina
name: Armeanu-Ebinger, Sorin
name: Zimmermann, Martina
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: liver cancer, oncolytic viruses, measles vaccine viruses, precision-cut liver slices
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Abstract
Availability of an individualized preselection of oncolytic viruses to be used for virotherapy of tumor patients would be of great help. Using primary liver tumor resection specimens we evaluated the precision-cut liver slice (PCLS) technology as a novel in vitro test system for characterization of paramount tumor infection parameters of individual patients. PCLS slices from resection specimens of 20 liver tumor patients were cultivated in vitro for up to 5 days and infected with 5 different oncolytic measles vaccine virus (MeV) strains. Effectiveness of tumor infection was monitored by viral nucleocapsid (N) protein detection in immunofluorescence staining or Western blot analysis or by detection of GFP marker gene expression. MeV spreading in PCLS cultures was visualized by confocal microscopy. Oncolytic MeV vaccine particles were demonstrated to efficiently infect PCLS slices originating from different primary and secondary tumors of the liver with MeV strains Moraten/Edmonston Zagreb and AIK-C showing highest infection rates (75% of all tested tumor specimens). Employing mixed liver tissue slices (exhibiting both tumorous and non-tumorous tissue areas on one and the same sample) a distinct tumor area favouring pattern of MeV infections was observed being in accordance with our finding that primary human hepatocytes are also permissive to MeV particles, albeit at a much lower rate and with a much less pronounced cytopathic effect. Furthermore, confocal microscopy demonstrated virus penetration throughout tumor tissues into deep cell layers. In conclusion, the PCLS technology is suitable to perform a tumor-patient individualized preselection of oncolytic agents prior to clinical virotherapeutic applications.
OVERVIEW OF METHODS SUPPORTING THE DE-RADICALISATION AND DISENGAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC RADICALS
Creators: name: Maiberg, Heidi
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Europe is increasingly struggling to support the reintegration of people who have returned from ISIS-controlled areas and have been adherents of their ideology. There are a variety of methods developed to support the de-radicalisation and disengagement of Islamic radicals. This article provides an overview of the methods and discussion topics used by practitioners in the framework of such deradicalisation and disengagement programmes. The research is based on interviews with experts from Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. As a result, the author has drawn the following conclusions: 1) The selection of methods used for de-radicalisation and disengagement depend on the individual in question. In this context, the most important starting point is to gain an understanding of the factors that contributed to that specific person’s radicalisation and/or involvement in an extremist organisation; 2) The main supportive methods are mentoring, socio-economic aid/assistance, psychological and religious counselling; 3) The discussions with mentors and other sponsors are aimed at developing new perspectives. The main topics of discussion are related to identity, belonging, foreign policy and possible new ventures; whereas the issues of religion and ideology are the focal topics for people whose radicalisation and/or engagement with extremist organisations was motivated primarily by those aspects. Overall, the results indicate that the methods used to support de-radicalisation and disengagement should be tailored to the needs of the individual. However, there is still a lot of work to be done by organisations running such radicalisation and disengagement programmes in order to improve their capacity to deliver a variety of activities to support an individual’s reintegration in a holistic manner.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 13 (2019)
Making Bonds of Solidarity from Economic Exchange. A Review Essay
Creators: name: Bianchi, Federico
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2020
Subjects: solidarity; cohesion; social exchange; economic exchange

description: This article surveys a field of empirical social research linking economic exchange relations to the generation of interpersonal bonds of solidarity. This issue is particularly interesting for both social sciences and current societies because of the increasing global integration of markets and spatial mobility. Experimental research in Social Exchange Theory has provided mixed evidence on how various structural properties of exchange relations generate solidarity. Findings suggest that risk is key to generate trust between exchange partners, which is linked to feelings of solidarity. This casts doubts on the positive effect of economic exchange on solidarity, as actual market-based transactions mainly rely on assurance structures to reduce risk and prevent opportunism. However, further developments suggest that solidarity can be indirectly generated by economic exchange ties framed by loose agreements. This opens up opportunities for new empirical research to study economic exchange and solidarity in actual social systems. Furthermore, negative consequences of the link between economic exchange and solidarity are discussed, such as centralization and segregation.
description: Sociologica, Vol 14, No 1 (2020)
The Global Diversity of Institutes for Advanced Study
Creators: name: Padberg, Britta
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2020
Subjects: Institutes for Advanced Study; Global Production of Knowledge; Science Policy; Interdisciplinarity; Excellence Initiatives

description: When the first Institute for Advanced Study was founded in Princeton in 1930, nobody anticipated that it would eventually become a model spreading across the globe. Especially within the past twenty years a significant number of new Institutes for Advanced Study (IAS) have surfaced in many regions of the world. Classified as “academic paradises,” they are often regarded as isolated islands or ivory towers, but this is only one part of the story: I will show that (a) IAS are both products and driving forces of the globalization of research and are closely intertwined with different trends of global science policies, and that (b) IAS, despite their small size, have played an important role for the development of universities and the sciences and continue to do so. Finally, I would like to provide an outlook on future challenges and tasks of IAS as spaces of global production of knowledge.
description: Sociologica, Vol 14, No 1 (2020)
ASYLUM SEEKERS: VICTIMS OR A NOVEL WEAPON FOR THE 21ST CENTURY?
Creators: name: Mahda, Yevhen
name: Bieliaiev, Valentyn
name: Borsuk, Artur
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Since 2015, the question of asylum seekers and challenges arising from forced migration have become one of the most pressing issues in the public and political discourse. The influx of refugees into European countries has raised grave concerns. What is more, two countries – Russia and Turkey – have forced migrations and aim to use the consequences to achieve their own political goals. The authors use the typology developed by Kelly M. Greenhill to analyse the weaponisation of forced migration. For example, the manner in which Russia has weaponised migration might be analysed in the framework of coercive engineered migration, the 5th column and the propagandist/political sub-types, whereas Turkey’s approach can be characterized as more coercive and dispossessive.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 13 (2019)
Supplementary text for Non-local impact of distal airway constrictions on patterns of inhaled particle deposition
Creators: name: Shemilt, James
name: Horsley, Alex
name: Wild, Jim
name: Jensen, Oliver
name: Thompson, Alice
name: Whitfield, Carl
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 320802
subject: Human biophysics

description: Supplementary text detailing the equations for the ventilation and particle transport and deposition model, and providing additional details of methodology.
Impotent numbers : Korean Confucian reactions to Jesuit mathematics
Creators: name: Baker, Don
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Jesuit missionaries in Korea produced books introducing European mathematics in the hope that the logic behind that math would lead Confucians to accept the logic behind Catholicism as well. A look at how Korean Confucians reacted to those books reveals that they were able to separate mathematical formulae from the logic behind them. Western math was not an effective proselytizing tool.
Bewusstsein und Realität. Warum wir einen Freien Willen haben
Creators: name: Janew, Claus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220312 Philosophy of Cognition
subject: 220311 Philosophical Psychology (incl. Moral Psychology and Philosophy of Action)
subject: 220314 Philosophy of Mind (excl. Cognition)

description: Dieser Essayband enthält eine Kurzfassung des Buches "Die Erschaffung der Realität" und ergänzt sie um weitere Perspektiven: "Allgegenwärtiges Bewusstsein und Freier Wille" beschreibt ausführlich eine neue Lösung für das Problem der Entscheidungsfreiheit. "Spirituelle Erlebnisse - eine Frage der Beweisbarkeit?" zeigt an diesem Beispiel, wie wir unsere Realität stabilisieren. "Das Selbst, die Leere und das Gewahrsein" erklärt, warum unser Selbst mehr und nicht weniger ist als wir glauben. "Dynamische Existenz" legt mit geschärften Argumenten dar, wie unvermeidliche Individualität und gemeinsame Realität zusammenpassen. Außerdem: "Individualität und das physikalische Paradigma", "Laws of Form: Warum Spencer-Brown etwas daneben liegt", "Radikaler Konstruktivismus - ein Hohlkörper?"
Defense mechanisms against herbivory in Picea: sequence evolution and expression regulation of gene family members in the phenylpropanoid pathway
Creators: name: Porth, Ilga
name: Hamberger, Björn
name: White, Richard
name: Ritland, Kermit
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: In trees, a substantial amount of carbon is directed towards production of phenolics for development and defense. This metabolic pathway is also a major factor in resistance to insect pathogens in spruce. In such gene families, environmental stimuli may have an important effect on the evolutionary fate of duplicated genes, and different expression patterns may indicate functional diversification. Results: Gene families in spruce (Picea) have expanded to superfamilies, including O-methyltransferases, cytochrome-P450, and dirigents/classIII-peroxidases. Neo-functionalization of superfamily members from different clades is reflected in expression diversification. Genetical genomics can provide new insights into the genetic basis and evolution of insect resistance in plants. Adopting this approach, we merged genotype data (252 SNPs in a segregating pedigree), gene expression levels (for 428 phenylpropanoid-related genes) and measures of susceptibility to Pissodes stobi, using a partial-diallel crossing-design with white spruce (Picea glauca). Thirty-eight expressed phenylpropanoid-related genes co-segregated with weevil susceptibility, indicating either causative or reactive effects of these genes to weevil resistance. We identified eight regulatory genomic regions with extensive overlap of quantitative trait loci from susceptibility and growth phenotypes (pQTLs) and expression QTL (eQTL) hotspots. In particular, SNPs within two different CCoAOMT loci regulate phenotypic variation from a common set of 24 genes and three resistance traits. Conclusions: Pest resistance was associated with individual candidate genes as well as with trans-regulatory hotspots along the spruce genome. Our results showed that specific genes within the phenylpropanoid pathway have been duplicated and diversified in the conifer in a process fundamentally different from short-lived angiosperm species. These findings add to the information about the role of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the evolution of plant defense mechanisms against insect pests and provide substantial potential for the functional characterization of several not yet resolved alternative pathways in plant defenses.
Systemic glucocorticoid at discharge after hospitalization for pediatric asthma: a prospective pilot study
Creators: name: Sharma, Srish
name: Underdown, Mary Jane
name: Duffin, Taylor Stukes
name: Triplett, Andrea
name: Hanes, Holly C.
name: Jones, Michael
name: McCalla, Chad D.
name: Wood, Julie K.
name: Woods, Elizabeth
name: Halvorson, Elizabeth Eby
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: We examined asthma control in children hospitalized for status asthmaticus 7–10 days after discharge with or without an additional prescription for systemic corticosteroids. This was a prospective observational study of patients aged 5–17 years with a documented history of asthma or β-agonist responsive wheezing admitted to the hospital for an acute asthma exacerbation. We compared patients who had any systemic corticosteroid prescribed at discharge with those who were not prescribed systemic corticosteroids at discharge. The primary outcomes were asthma control after discharge, as defined by the Asthma Control Test (ACT), and missed school days, which we modeled with multivariable linear and Poisson regression, respectively. A total of 56 patients were included in the study, 29 (52%) received dexamethasone inpatient and then were discharged without additional prescribed systemic corticosteroids. Those without a corticosteroid prescription at discharge were less likely to have received noninvasive ventilation (p = 0.02), pulmonology consultation (p = 0.02), and continuous albuterol (p = 0.01) during hospitalization. These patients also tended toward shorter length of stay (p = 0.07) compared to those receiving systemic corticosteroid prescription at discharge. In multivariable models, being discharged without systemic corticosteroid prescription was associated with poorer asthma control after discharge [beta (95% CI), –2.21 (–2.65 to –1.77)] and more missed school days [coefficient estimate (95% CI), 0.87 (0.07–1.68)]. After hospitalization for an asthma exacerbation, patients not given systemic corticosteroids at discharge tended to have worse asthma control following discharge despite having less severe disease and requiring less aggressive inpatient management. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at publisher’s website.
Disruption, Embedded. A Polanyian Framing of the Platform Economy
Creators: name: Grabher, Gernot
name: König, Jonas
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2020
Subjects: Platform economy; sharing economy; Karl Polanyi; embeddedness; performativity

description: Digital platforms disrupt – not just incumbent industries, but also academic imaginations about the future course of capitalism. While some scholars envision the next great transformation towards the ultimate marketization, others anticipate a post-capitalism based on digitally revitalized notions of community and reciprocity. Starting from this controversy, the article advances a Polanyian perspective to push beyond the ostensibly antagonistic dynamics of more or less market. More specifically, the emergence of digital platforms is perceived from the angle of three key drivers that propelled the great transformation towards marketization: technology, science, state. While the break-through of marketization, in Polanyi’s view, was prompted by the steam engine, the emergence of platforms is driven by the digital infrastructures of cloud computing, big data and algorithms; and while markets were scientifically legitimized by economics, platforms deploy network theories that, through their far-reaching application, perform social reality. Just like markets, however, platforms are nothing natural, but are objects of ongoing political contestations that forge the embedding of the platform economy into the regulatory framework of society.
description: Sociologica, Vol 14, No 1 (2020)
The effect of statins for asthma. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Sunata, Keeya
name: Kabata, Hiroki
name: Kuno, Toshiki
name: Takagi, Hisato
name: So, Matsuo
name: Masaki, Katsunori
name: Fukunaga, Koichi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To assess the effects of statins on asthma by systematically reviewing and conducting a meta-analysis on all clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, that examined the effects of statins on asthma. PubMed, EMBASE databases, and Cochrane reviews were searched to identify RCTs and observational studies, conducted through June 16, 2020, that assessed the effect of statins as a treatment for asthma. A meta-analysis was conducted using the following main outcomes: asthma control test (ACT), asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), pre- and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak flow (PEF), and asthma exacerbation (asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization). Our search revealed 11 RCTs and 8 observational studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis demonstrated that statin treatment significantly improved ACT scores (mean difference: 1.61, P P P Our results suggest that statins have the potential to improve asthma control and reduce asthma exacerbation without any improvement in pulmonary function. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at publisher’s website.
Feature screening filter for high dimensional survival data in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space
Creators: name: Jeong, Sanghun
name: Shin, Sanghun
name: Yang, Hojin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: We consider the issue of screening uninformative variables associate with survival outcome in ultra high-dimensional situation. specifically, we focus on Hilbert-Schmits Independent criteria (HSIC) statistic defined in the Reproducing kernel Hilbert Space(RKHS) and use the HSIC as a feature screening approach to avoid from difficulty occurred from the ultra high dimensionality. Generally, it is known that the HSIC can account for the flexible relationship between the outcome and predictor variables. Compared with the typical approaches such as regularization and model free screening approaches, our approach does not require the complex non parametric computation or the complicated numerical optimization, Thereby, our proposed approach effectively and flexibly filters out the uninformative predictor. We will show the advantages of our method in numerical simulation studies and illustrate the usefulness of it by applying to diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma data.