cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
USE OF EPA'S TOXICITY REDUCTION EVALUATION PROTOCOL IN IDENTIFYING TOXICANTS IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Creators: name: Backus, Patricia M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Since the passage of the Water Quality Act of 1987, biomonitoring has been incorporated into the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits for wastewater treatment plants. A Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) is required when the toxicity limits of the permit are repeatedly violated to determine the cause of the toxicity and to identify a corrective action. Many municipal wastewater treatment plants have been required to conduct TREs and have found them to be expensive and time-consuming. A protocol was issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1988 to provide guidance to municipalities in conducting TRE assessments. While several studies have focused on the details of how to perform a TRE, none has addressed the effectiveness of the TRE in resolving toxicity problems. This study attempted to do this by directly contacting 37 municipalities in EPA Region IV that had or are presently conducting TREs and questioning them on their use of the EPA protocol. They were asked via a questionnaire to assess the benefits of the protocol in identifying the toxicant and corrective action and to identify any problems or concerns they had with the TRE process and the EPA protocol. Twenty-six completed questionnaires were received. The survey indicated that the protocol has been successful in resolving acute toxicity problems but has had limited success and more difficulties when dealing with chronic toxicity. The protocol is also less successful when toxicity is intermittent or appears to result from multiple toxicants. Major complaints about the TRE process concern the cost and time required especially when tests are inconclusive. While biomonitoring was noted as a useful indicator of effluent toxicity, several respondents believed the protocol is not sufficiently developed to be used as an enforcement tool.
Stellar equilibrium configurations of compact stars in $f(R,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Moraes, P. H. R. S.
name: Arbañil, José D. V.
name: Malheiro, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we study the hydrostatic equilibrium configuration of neutron stars and strange stars, whose fluid pressure is computed from the equations of state $p=ωρ^{5/3}$ and $p=0.28(ρ-4{\cal B})$, respectively, with $ω$ and ${\cal B}$ being constants and $ρ$ the energy density of the fluid. We start by deriving the hydrostatic equilibrium equation for the $f(R,T)$ theory of gravity, with $R$ and $T$ standing for the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. Such an equation is a generalization of the one obtained from general relativity, and the latter can be retrieved for a certain limit of the theory. For the $f(R,T)=R+2λT$ functional form, with $λ$ being a constant, we find that some physical properties of the stars, such as pressure, energy density, mass and radius, are affected when $λ$ is changed. We show that for a fixed central star energy density, the mass of neutron and strange stars can increase with $λ$. Concerning the star radius, it increases for neutron stars and it decreases for strange stars with the increment of $λ$. Thus, in $f(R,T)$ theory of gravity we can push the maximum mass above the observational limits. This implies that the equation of state cannot be eliminated if the maximum mass within General Relativity lies below the limit given by observed pulsars.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures
Velocities of warm galactic outflows from synthetic Hα observations of star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Ceverino, Daniel
name: Arribas, Santiago
name: Colina, Luis
name: Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Primack, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The velocity structure imprinted in the Hα emission line profiles contains valuable information about galactic outflows. Using a set of high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxies at z=2, we generate Hα emission line profiles, taking into account the temperature-dependent Hα emissivity, as well as dust extinction. The Hα line can be described as a sum of two gaussians, as typically done with observations. In general, its properties are in good agreement with those observed in local isolated galaxies with similar masses and star formation rates, assuming a spatially constant clumping factor of c=24. Blueshifted outflows are very common in the sample. They extend several kpc above the galaxy discs. They are also spread over the full extent of the discs. However, at small radii, the material with high velocities tends to remain confined within a thick disc, as part of galactic fountains or a turbulent medium, most probably due to the deeper gravitational potential at the galaxy centre.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted at MNRAS
How to Support Students When Schools Reopen?
Creators: name: Admin, RISE
name: Cilliers, Jacobus
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: Education policy
Teacher education and professional development of educators
Education systems not elsewhere classified
Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The most pressing problem facing all education systems is how to provide remedial education to students once schools reopen following COVID-19 closures. Children will return with a large learning deficit, with some more behind than others. Teachers will face the challenge of providing instruction over an even more academically diverse classroom than before. There is a real risk that the children who fall behind the curriculum might learn at a slower pace for the rest of their school career. The good news is that there is a methodology that has been proven to be highly effective in many different contexts: targeted instruction, which tailors instruction to the learning level of the child. This insight note draws on evidence from multiple field experiments conducted in Ghana and India, and highlights some key principles that should be kept in mind when implementing targeted instruction, with specific reference to the Tanzanian context.
Expectation and Experience: What do meat eaters think about the taste of a plant-based burger?
Creators: name: VURAL, Yeliz
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Meat eaters vs. vegans and vegetarians
subject: NBU
subject: Plant-based burger
subject: Pleasantness
subject: University of Bristol

description: The demand for animal protein is becoming more concerning due to its adverse effects on health, environment and animal welfare. The majority of people in the UK are categorised as ‘high meat consumers’, suggesting dietary Green House Gas (GHG) emission is one of the big contributors of climate change (Scarborough et al., 2014). Therefore, many food scientists are putting effort to develop strategies to encourage consumers to have a plant-based diet (Smil, 2002). However, a change in eating habits can be challenging and met with resistance. This study aims to understand i) how meat eaters perceive plant-based foods, ii) what their expectations are of these sources and iii) how much their expectancy and experience is consistent in tasting a plant-based burger. To investigate these aims, we will recruit 72 participants from community members and students (UoB) and 48 participants will be meat eaters and 24 participants will be vegans and vegetarians. They will be randomly allocated into three conditions. Conditions will have the same food (plant-based burger) with different neutral descriptions. In condition 1, the burger will be labelled as ‘plant-based burger’ and meat eaters will be in this condition. In the second condition the burger will be presented as a ‘meat burger’ to the other 24 meat eaters. In the third condition, there will be no manipulation and vegans and vegetarians will be offered a plant-based burger labelled as ‘plant-based burger’. Appetite ratings (liking, fullness and satisfaction) will be measured twice (expected and after eating) by using a standard 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). There will a digital hand dynamometer as an additional measure to understand how eating affects acute strength. We predicted that participants in plant-based condition will report less enjoyment and less satisfaction compared to participants in meat burger condition. In addition, in plant-based burger condition, there will be a significant difference in expected liking and experienced (during eating) liking. Overall, this study will help researchers to develop new interventions to encourage consumers to eat more plant-based foods to reduce dietary GHG emission.
Evaluation of Pre-Ozonation and Enhanced Coagulation for Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water
Creators: name: Snider, Nicole M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: This project evaluated the impact pre-ozonation and enhanced coagulation for the control halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. In 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) promulgated Satge One of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule to reduce levels of potentially carcinogenic chemicals that form following chlorination. As part of the D/DBPRule, the USEPA constructed a 3x3 enhanced coagulation matrix mandating utilities to meet or exceed total organic carbon (TOC) removal percentages prior to chlorination. TOC removal percentages for each utility are based on the TOC concentration and alkalinity of the raw water. Each of the nine elements of the matrix established by the D/DBPRule was represented in this study with raw water samples obtained from different water utilities. A portion of each raw water was ozonated at a 1:1 O3 to TOC ratio by weight. Both the raw water and the ozonated water samples were subsequently coagulated to target TOC removal. Samples of each water were analyzed at the different levels of treatment (raw, ozonated, coagulated, ozonated and coagulated) for pH, turbidity, TOC, dissolved oxygen carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and biodegradable DOC(BDOC). Following chlorine demand studies, water samples were chlorinated following uniform formation conditions. After 24 hours, each sample was quenched and analyzed for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and all nine haloacetic acids (HAA9). The percent removal TOC by enhanced coagulation increased with increasing raw water TOC concentration down the columns of the enhanced coagulation matrix. Reductions in THM and HAA formation potentials closely followed the trend for removal of UV254 absorbing substances. Ozonation alone reduced UV254 absorbance and DBP formation. Pre-ozonation enhanced the removal UV254 absorbing substances and THM and HAA formation potentials by coagulation.
title: High Resolution Sonography: Anatomy and Pathology of the Cervical Plexus
Creators: name: Moritz, Thomas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Head and neck
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation
subject: Pathology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1) Describe the Anatomy and Ultrasound-anatomy of the cervical plexus 2) Describe typical Ultrasound signs of small nerve pathology 3) Present exemplary cases of cervical plexus nerve...
Evaluation of Methodology For Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Soil
Creators: name: Goodman, Naomi L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: Analytical methods for analysis of organic contaminants in soil were investigated. Two methods were evaluated for reproducibility, applicability to field site monitoring, and usefulness with common pollutants. An ultrasonic solvent extraction method was found to show promise for analysis of semivolatile organic contaminants. The method compared favorably with established techniques in terms of extraction efficiency and rapidity. An adaptation of the Grob Closed-Loop Stripping (CLS) Method was developed for analysis of volatile organics in soil. The method was shown to exhibit sufficient precision and accuracy for quantification of field samples. CLS was found to have lower detection limits and was applicable to a wider range of compounds than competing methods. However, these advantages were offset by the limited dynamic range and long analysis time of the method. CLS was used to determine the distribution of the organic solvent perchlorethylene (PCE) in the soil at a contaminated site.
title: Fractional anisotropy alterations in patients with hypertension - preliminary results.
Creators: name: Sabisz, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Hypertension
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Head and neck
subject: Cardiovascular system

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: It is known that diffusion tractography imaging (DTI) is sensitive to microscopic changes in white matter (WM) not otherwise detectable with standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging of diffusion in brain tissue offers additional markers of...
title: Prospective evaluation of a novel balloon catheter with injection valve technology: initial results and performance validation
Creators: name: Lin, Bruce
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Vascular
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Catheter venography
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Catheters
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Fistula
subject: Grafts

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the clinical safety, efficacy, practicality, value and advantages of a novel balloon catheter with an incorporated injection valve for endovascular interventions, with initial experience in the dialysis access...
Field Testing a Global Positioning System (GPS) Linked With a Direct Reading Air Sampling Instrument in an Exposure Assessment
Creators: name: Jones, Karen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: It is often difficult to collect location information during an exposure assessment. Typical options, such as an exposure diary, are cumbersome or impractical in an occupational setting. In this study, a "local positioning system" (LPS) that uses the global positioning system to track location was used in an exposure assessment of Coast Guard personnel that patrol the Houston Ship Channel. Coupled with a conventional direct reading multi-gas detector, the LPS recorded concentrations of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile organic compounds along with the geographic position where they occurred. Results showed that concentrations varied from none detected to 0.2 ppm, 1.6 ppm, and 5.5 ppm for SO2, H2S, and VOCs, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in mean contaminant concentrations over the six-day period of study, as well as significant differences in mean concentrations recorded in certain areas of the channel.
Predictions of the hidden-charm molecular states with four-quark component
Creators: name: Chen, Rui
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Liu, Yan-Rui
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the $T\bar{T}$-type molecular systems systematically via one pion exchange model, where $T$ denotes the narrow $J^P=1^+$ $D_1$ meson or $2^+$ $D_2^*$ meson and $\bar{T}$ is its antiparticle. With the effective potentials, we try to find the bound state solutions of the corresponding systems, which provide crucial information of whether there exist the $T\bar{T}$-type molecular states. According to our analysis, we predict some $T\bar{T}$-type molecular states which may be accessible at future experiments like LHCb and forthcoming BelleII.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures and 8 tables. Accepted by Eur. Phys. J. C
title: Diagnostic capabilities of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the diagnostic algorithm of the metabolic syndrome in patients with steatohepatitis
Creators: name: Venidiktova, Darya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Experimental
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Biopsy
subject: Instrumentation
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Inflammation

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Determination of the informational content of dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DXA) in comparing with non-invasive bioimpedance (BIM) in patients with mixed origin...
Using a Systems Biology Approach to Inform an Understanding of Gene-Chemical Relationships Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Creators: name: Ankem, Gayatri
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder currently impacting the lives of more than 5 million children in the U. S. The pathophysiological mechanisms of ADHD and its links to environmental chemicals are largely unknown. In contrary to traditional reductionist theory, where genes and environmental factors are teased apart, we employed multiple systems level approach to understand gene-gene interactions and gene-environmental interactions, and their contribution to ADHD outcome. Systems analyses of chemical-gene interactions identified dopamine but also non-dopamine related pathways including corticotrophin hormone releasing signaling pathways, cAMP mediated signaling, glucocorticoid signaling, and apoptosis pathways to be associated with ADHD. The present study provided insights into understanding of the combined contribution of genes and chemicals, and facilitated generation of testable hypothesis, which have great potential to help develop more effective treatments and prevention methods for reducing the growing public health burden of ADHD.
Charting the science of social reward: a systematic review of human and animal studies - study protocol
Creators: name: Stijovic, Ana
name: Siegel, Magdalena
name: Korb, Sebastian
name: Silani, Giorgia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: social reward
subject: systematic review

description: The study protocol for the systematic review "Charting the science of social reward: a systematic review of human and animal studies" is provided in this registration. At the time of this submission, the systematic review process has not yet started. Full protocol: Social_Reward_Review_PRISMA_Protocol.pdf
title: Role of noninvasive acoustic radiation force impulse imaging to predict complications in post-liver transplanted paediatric patients
Creators: name: Salsano, Marco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: Paediatric
subject: Elastography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Biopsy
subject: Grafts
subject: Transplantation

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Acousticradiationforceimpulse(ARFI) imaging has been developed as a noninvasive ultrasound-based elastography modality to assess graft fibrosis after liver transplantation (LT), estimated as tissue stiffness. This method has attempted to replace...
No inverse magnetic catalysis in the QCD hard and soft wall models
Creators: name: Dudal, D.
name: Granado, D. R.
name: Mertens, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the influence of an external magnetic field in holographic QCD models where the backreaction is modeled in via an appropriate choice of the background metric. We add a phenomenological soft wall dilaton to incorporate better IR behavior (confinement). Elaborating on previous studies conducted by [JHEP 1505 (2015) 121], we first discuss the Hawking-Page transition, the dual of the deconfinement transition, as a function of the magnetic field. We confirm that the critical deconfinement temperature can drop with the magnetic field. Secondly, we study the quark condensate holographically as a function of the applied magnetic field and demonstrate that this model does not exhibit inverse magnetic catalysis at the level of the chiral transition. The quest for a holographic QCD model that qualitatively describes the inverse magnetic catalysis at finite temperature is thus still open. Throughout this work, we pay special attention to the different holographic parameters and we attempt to fix them by making the link to genuine QCD as close as possible. This leads to several unanticipated and so far overlooked complications (such as the relevance of an additional length scale in the confined geometry) that we discuss in detail.
description: 48 pages. v2: corrected typos, added references and improved discussion, in particular on the role of an extra relevant length scale and on the magnetized background itself. v3: minor edits, version accepted for publication in PhysRevD
A Comparison Between Alum and Polyaluminum Chloride for Drinking Water Coagulation
Creators: name: Salmons, Cynthia Ann
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: Concern about the health effects of trihalomethanes, one product of the reaction between chlorine and organic compounds such as fulvic acids, has led to the establishment of a Maximum Contaminant Level of 100 ug/L in drinking water. One way of reducing trihalomethane concentrations in finished water is by reducing the concentration of organic compounds by coagulation prior to chlorination. Aluminum salts are often used as coagulants, but recently concern has been expressed about the health effects of aluminum in drinking water. The objective of this study was to compare alum and polyaluminum chloride as coagulants, with emphasis on residual aluminum concentrations and the removal of trihalomethane formation potential (THM FP). The removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and of ultraviolet absorbing substances (UV absorbance) was also studied. The experiments in this research were jar tests using a fulvic acid solution (prepared from an extract of Black Lake, N.C.) or Durham, N. C. raw drinking water. The results of this research indicated that polyaluminum chloride was a better coagulant than alum at low pHs (less than 5.0). At pH 5.5, the optimal removal of organics occurred at lower coagulant doses for alum than for polyaluminum chloride. The three parameters used to represent the removal of organics (TOC, UV absorbance, and THM FP) were consistent with each other throughout the study. Residual aluminum values of less than 50 ug/L were achieved with both coagulants under optimal pH and dose conditions. The residual aluminum data from this research supports the conclusion of other researchers that polyaluminum chloride works by direct precipitation of fulvic acid.
title: Hypointensities in the brain on T2* weighted gradient echo MR imaging: what radiologist should know.
Creators: name: Laganâ, Claudio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Artifacts
subject: Equipment
subject: MR
subject: Vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Investigate the meaning of the images punctate of low signal on magnetic susceptibility sequences "black dots" and consider the differential diagnosis of the various causes of cerebral microbleeds, illustrating all with images collected over...
Determinants of Water-Related Personal Hygiene Practices: A Case Study of Children of Migrant Farmworkers in North Carolina
Creators: name: Barron, William E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: This study builds on previous work which shows that (a) the quantities of water used for domestic purposes are affected by a variety of socio-economic and environmental conditions and (b) that the incidence of water-washed diseases is affected by the quantities of water used for personal hygiene. The study uses a linear regression model to examine the determinants of reported personal hygiene practices of children in 87 farmworker families in eastern North Carolina. The results suggest that by ensuring that families have water piped into the house, handwashing is substantially increased and that by having access to heated water to showers, bathing of children, too, may be substantially increased. It is concluded that if hygiene practices of farmworkers are to be improved, enforcement of existing legislation will have to be improved and amendments to this legislation enacted.
A pragmatic approach to sovereignty on Mars
Creators: name: Bruhns, Sara
name: Haqq-Misra, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rising interest in Mars colonization from both private and public sectors necessitates a renewed discussion about sovereignty in space. The non-appropriation principle of the Outer Space Treaty currently prohibits any sovereign claims to celestial bodies, but it remains unclear how this principle should be applied to the peaceful colonization of Mars. Here we develop a pragmatic approach to guide the settlement of Mars, which is based upon a "bounded first possession" model with mandatory planetary parks. Scientists, experts, and leaders will establish planetary park locations and regulations through worldwide community solicitation in order to protect sites of scientific, aesthetic, historical, cultural, environmental, spiritual value. Colonization parties may occupy limited plots of martian land and may claim exclusive economic rights within this zone, while still refraining from any claims to sovereignty. All colonists remain under the legal jurisdiction of their host nation, with conflicts to be resolved diplomatically or through a temporary tribunal system composed of representatives from other Mars colonies. We also propose the formation of a Mars Secretariat as an administrative body with limited power to facilitate communication among parties. Our model for Mars colonization remains consistent with the Outer Space Treaty, but we also recommend revisiting or amending the non-appropriation and province of mankind principles to resolve the ambiguity of how nations, corporations, and individuals may utilize the resources of space.
description: Published in Space Policy, 14 pages
Natural scene images for the IA paper
Creators: name: Chuyin, Zhang
name: Nishimoto, Shinji
name: Gallagher, Regan
name: Koh, Zhao Hui
name: Tsuchiya, Naotsugu
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Image stimuli used by the IA paper.
Additional file 3 of Characteristics of lymphoedema, in particular midline lymphoedema, after treatment for prostate cancer: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Van Calster, Charlotte
name: Everaerts, Wouter
name: Geraerts, Inge
name: De Groef, An
name: Heroes, An-Kathleen
name: De Vrieze, Tessa
name: Alar, Ceyhun
name: Devoogdt, Nele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 3
HIIT in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Andrews, Kaila
name: Su, Shu
name: Bassi, Nicoletta
name: Canetti, Elisa
name: Hannan, Mandy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Autoimmune Conditions
subject: High Intensity Interval Training
subject: HIIT
subject: Physical Activity
subject: Physiotherapy
subject: Rheumatic Disease
subject: SARDs

description: Study Aims To synthesize the impact of HIIT on disease activity, physical functioning, and quality of life in people diagnosed with SARDs To identify gaps in the appraised literature and present a need for further research into the potential of HIIT as a management strategy for SARDs.
title: Meta-Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Small (≤20 mm) Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Creators: name: Liu, Xijiao
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Cancer
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: MR
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the detection of small (≤20 mm) hepatocelluar carcinoma...
Potable Water Alternatives for an Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Community in Wake County, North Carolina
Creators: name: Benavides, Brenda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Recent research identified cost as the most significant barrier to extending piped water to peri-urban communities in North Carolina (NC). This paper compares the costs to connect a Wake County, NC, community where monitoring has detected contamination in self-supplied wells to the nearby public, piped water supply, to install and maintain a whole-house water filter, or to purchase bottled water. A preliminary municipal pipe network design was prepared using WaterGEMS, and construction costs were estimated using historical data from similar projects. Bottled water and whole-house filter costs were estimated using publicly available data. The estimated construction cost for the water service extension is $870,000. The net present costs per household for the water service extension, water filter, and bottled water alternatives are $14,000, $9,000, and $27,000, respectively, over a 30-year period. This analysis provides novel cost information to inform decisions about improving water quality in this community.
title: The dignostic value of MDCT after direct lymphangiography in primary intestinal lymphangiectasia
Creators: name: Sun, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Small bowel
subject: CT
subject: Lymphography
subject: Decision analysis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Primary intestinal lymphangiectasiais an uncommon entity characterized by protein-losing gastroenteropathy. The aim of this study is to evaluate theclinical value ofmultiple detector computed tomography (MDCT) after direct lymphography in the...
Retrospectively Assigning Context of Observation for F-344 Rats Chronically Exposed to Formaldehyde
Creators: name: Lowry, William H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: One approach to estimating age-specific tumor incidence rates using scheduled sacrifice information involves determining context of observation for each tumor bearing animal. Context of observation is defined as determination of whether the tumor of interest contributed directly or indirectly to the cause of death, or alternatively, the tumor was an incidental finding at necropsy, in an animal dying of an unrelated cause. The present study was undertaken to assign retrospectively the context of observation for nasal squamous cell carcinoma in F-344 rats exposed to 15 ppm of formaldehyde for up to 24 months. Results indicate that greater than 90% of the tumors were classifiable as definitely incidental (2%) or definitely fatal (88%) with a high degree of confidence. This study demonstrates that context of observation can be assigned even long after the bioassay has been completed, provided the data have been properly archived.
Preemptive Investment under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Steg, Jan-Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G40, 91A25, 91A55, 91A60

description: This paper provides a general characterization of subgame perfect equilibria for strategic timing problems, where two firms have the (real) option to make an irreversible investment. Profit streams are uncertain and depend on the market structure. The analysis is based directly on the inherent economic structure of the model. In particular, the determination of equilibria with preemptive investment is reduced to solving a single class of constrained optimal stopping problems. The general results are applied to typical state-space models, completing commonly insufficient equilibrium arguments, showing when uncertainty leads to qualitatively different behavior, and establishing additional equilibria that are Pareto improvements.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures
The Motivations, Constraints, and Behaviour of Tanzania's Frontline Education Providers
Creators: name: Admin, RISE
name: Cilliers, Jacobus
name: Oza, Shardul
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators
Education systems not elsewhere classified
Other education not elsewhere classified

description: In this Insight Note, the authors leverage data from a nationwide survey conducted in Tanzania in 2019 to shed light on what Ward Education Officerss do, their understanding of their own role, and the constraints they face in executing their responsibilities.
Integrating Animal and Human Data: A Health Based Risk Assessment for Acrylonitrile
Creators: name: Schulz, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to acrylonitrile (ACN) have not found a significant increase in central nervous system (CNS) cancer mortality. In contrast, bioassays have consistently found elevated incidence of CNS cancer. A linearized multistage model for estimating excess lifetime risk from bioassay data was used to examine whether the CNS cancers predicted from a rat bioassay and the CNS cancers observed in epidemiologic studies were consistent. Several steps were performed to complete the calculation of the CNS cancers predicted from the rat bioassay in human cohorts- (1) the excess lifetime risk was adjusted for less than complete lifetime follow-up in the epidemiologic study, and applied to all cohort members and, (2) the predicted excess deaths were added to the expected background deaths for the cohort and compared to the observed. The model predicted 1.88 and 1.83 CNS cancer deaths for two large epidemiologic studies-(Collins et al, 1989, J.Occup.Med. 31, 368-371) and (Swaen et al, 1992, J.Occup.Med. 34, 801-809)-similar to the observed CNS cancer deaths, and well within the 95% CI of the observed, (0.03-5.6) and (0.6-8.8), respectively. Small numbers of excess CNS cancer deaths were predicted because of low exposure levels and large adjustments for less than complete lifetime follow-up in the epidemiologic studies.
title: Comparison of two different diffusion weighted imaging sequences for detection of small hepatic metastases: monopolar and bipolar DWI sequences
Creators: name: Furuta, Akihiro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metastases
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Liver

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has a potential role to play in the differentiation and evaluation of liver tumors on the basis of a high contrast between lesions and normal tissue. DWI can help direct the attention of the radiologist to findings...
Chaotic orbits for systems of nonlocal equations
Creators: name: Dipierro, Serena
name: Patrizi, Stefania
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a system of nonlocal equations driven by a perturbed periodic potential. We construct multibump solutions that connect one integer point to another one in a prescribed way. In particular, heteroclinc, homoclinic and chaotic trajectories are constructed. This is the first attempt to consider a nonlocal version of this type of dynamical systems in a variational setting and the first result regarding symbolic dynamics in a fractional framework.
Adherence to levothyroxine treatment among patients with hypothyroidism in Oman: a national cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Al Kindi, Rahma Mohamed
name: Al Riyami, Rahma Abdullah
name: Juma, Shahrazad Yahya
name: Al Kiyumi, Maryam Issa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: Objective: Hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine is considered the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism; however, non-adherence is a major contributor to poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate levels of drug adherence (DA) to levothyroxine therapy among Omani adults with hypothyroidism and to explore related sociodemographic and clinical factors. Methods: A national, multi-center, cross-sectional survey was carried out from August to December 2021 at 18 primary healthcare centers across all governorates of Oman. A total of 415 Omani adults were recruited. Data were collected using a pre-tested, Arabic-language questionnaire completed by trained researchers during face-to-face interviews with the participants. Level of DA was determined using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Results: A total of 400 Omani adults participated in the study (response rate: 96.4%). The mean age was 41.9 ± 12.4 years old (range: 18–78 years) and 90.3% were female. According to their MMAS-8 scores, 157 (39.2%), 139 (34.8%), and 104 (26.0%) participants demonstrated low, medium, and high DA, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between level of DA and any sociodemographic or clinical characteristics, including age, gender, education, duration of treatment, and family history of thyroid disease (p > 0.050). Conclusions: Only a quarter of Omani patients with hypothyroidism reported high levels of adherence to levothyroxine treatment, likely as a result of lack of awareness of the disease and the importance of maintaining an euthyroid state. Further studies using more objective measures of DA are recommended to determine correlates of non-compliance to levothyroxine therapy among Omani patients.
title: Infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI at 3.0T
Creators: name: Kwon, Soyi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Liver
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer worldwide and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death (1). The incidence of HCC has markedly increased in recent decades, especially in Western countries...
Additional file 1 of Berberine and magnolol exert cooperative effects on ulcerative colitis in mice by self-assembling into carrier-free nanostructures
Creators: name: Xu, Yida
name: Chen, Zhejie
name: Hao, Wei
name: Yang, Zhengming
name: Farag, Mohamed
name: Vong, Chi Teng
name: Wang, Yitao
name: Wang, Shengpeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1
Sensitivity of NEXT-100 to neutrinoless double beta decay
Creators: name: NEXT Collaboration
name: Martín-Albo, J.
name: Vidal, J. Muñoz
name: Ferrario, P.
name: Nebot-Guinot, M.
name: Gómez-Cadenas, J. J.
name: Álvarez, V.
name: Azevedo, C. D. R.
name: Borges, F. I. G.
name: Cárcel, S.
name: Cebrián, S.
name: Cervera, A.
name: Conde, C. A. N.
name: Díaz, J.
name: Diesburg, M.
name: Esteve, R.
name: Fernandes, L. M. P.
name: Ferreira, A. L.
name: Freitas, E. D. C.
name: Goldschmidt, A.
name: González-Díaz, D.
name: Gutiérrez, R. M.
name: Hauptman, J.
name: Henriques, C. A. O.
name: Morata, J. A. Hernando
name: Labarga, L.
name: Laing, A.
name: Lebrun, P.
name: Liubarsky, I.
name: López-March, N.
name: Lorca, D.
name: Losada, M.
name: Martínez-Lema, G.
name: Martínez, A.
name: Monrabal, F.
name: Monteiro, C. M. B.
name: Mora, F. J.
name: Moutinho, L. M.
name: Novella, P.
name: Nygren, D.
name: Palmeiro, B.
name: Para, A.
name: Pérez, J.
name: Querol, M.
name: Renner, J.
name: Ripoll, L.
name: Rodríguez, J.
name: Santos, F. P.
name: Santos, J. M. F. dos
name: Serra, L.
name: Shuman, D.
name: Simón, A.
name: Sofka, C.
name: Sorel, M.
name: Stiegler, T.
name: Toledo, J. F.
name: Torrent, J.
name: Tsamalaidze, Z.
name: Veloso, J. F. C. A.
name: Webb, R.
name: White, J. T.
name: Yahlali, N.
name: Yepes-Ramírez, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NEXT-100 is an electroluminescent high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber that will search for the neutrinoless double beta ($ββ0 ν$) decay of Xe-136. The detector possesses two features of great value for $ββ0 ν$ searches: energy resolution better than 1\% FWHM at the $Q$ value of Xe-136 and track reconstruction for the discrimination of signal and background events. This combination results in excellent sensitivity, as discussed in this paper. Material-screening measurements and a detailed Monte Carlo detector simulation predict a background rate for NEXT-100 of at most $4\times10^{-4}$ counts keV$^{-1}$ kg$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$. Accordingly, the detector will reach a sensitivity to the \bbonu-decay half-life of $2.8\times10^{25}$ years (90\% CL) for an exposure of 100 $\mathrm{kg}\cdot\mathrm{year}$, or $6.0\times10^{25}$ years after a run of 3 effective years.
description: Accepted for publication in the Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP)
Validation of Light Scattering Probe for Particle Concentration Measurement
Creators: name: Ampo, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The validation for a low-cost, real-time probe was made in order to detect particle breakthrough of industrial particle collectors. Tests were performed in terms of the probe stabiUty, sensitivity, and applicability as a detector. The result showed that sensitivity to varying particle concentration had statistically significant relation to a widely used aerosol photometer in the range from 0.1 to 20 mg/m[3]. In addition, reasonable stability for the probe could be observed for 20 minutes continuous measurement. The probe sensitivity and stability varied with particle type but had statistically significant relation to the aerosol photometer for each type of particle. However, particle deposition on probe photodetectors was observed, which gradually decreased probe sensitivity. These results show that a low-cost, real-time light scattering probe could be applicable to detect particle break through of industrial particle collectors once calibrated for a given particle type, but that photodetectors must have modifications to avoid particle depositions.
Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluation of “Putting Kitbag to Work”
Creators: name: Walker, Emily
name: Mitchell, Chris
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Statistics
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: A randomised control trial to evaluate the intervention 'Kitbag', a bag of resources given to social care staff and foster/kinship carers to use with children in their care.
A Roth type theorem for dense subsets of $\mathbb{R}^d$
Creators: name: Cook, Brian
name: Magyar, Ákos
name: Pramanik, Malabika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05D10 (Primary), 42A45, 11D72 (Secondary)

description: Let $1 < p < \infty$, $p\neq 2$. We prove that if $d\geq d_p$ is sufficiently large, and $A\subs\R^d$ is a measurable set of positive upper density then there exists $\la_0=\la_0(A)$ such for all $\la\geq\la_0$ there are $x,y\in\R^d$ such that $\{x,x+y,x+2y\}\subs A$ and $|y|_p=\la$, where $||y||_p=(\sum_i |y_i|^p)^{1/p}$ is the $l^p(\mathbb R^d)$-norm of a point $y=(y_1,\ldots,y_d)\in\R^d$. This means that dense subsets of $\R^d$ contain 3-term progressions of all sufficiently large gaps when the gap size is measured in the $l^p$-metric. This statement is known to be false in the Euclidean $l^2$-metric as well as in the $l^1$ and $\ell^{\infty}$-metrics. One of the goals of this note is to understand this phenomenon. A distinctive feature of the proof is the use of multilinear singular integral operators, widely studied in classical time-frequency analysis, in the estimation of forms counting configurations.
title: The Efficiency of Sonoelastography in the Assessment of Liver Fibrosis
Creators: name: Altiparmak, Bahri
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: Elastography
subject: Biopsy
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cirrhosis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of sonoelastography in the determination of the presence and degree of liver fibrosis and to examine whether there are diagnostic differences between intraparenchymal venous vascular structure /...