cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Creating European Public Spheres: Legitimising EU Law Through a Reconfiguration of European Political Parties
Creators: name: Laude, Lennart
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: EU law
subject: legitimacy of EU law
subject: European political parties
subject: European public spheres
subject: institutional structure of the EU
subject: digital public spheres

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(2), 1151-1172
description: I. Introduction. - II. The importance of the public sphere for the democratic legitimacy of law. - III. Conceptualising European public spheres. - III.1. Barriers to European public spheres. - III.2. Adaptations at the EU level. - IV. Status quo of European public spheres. - IV.1. Institutions of the EU's sphere of will formation. - IV.2. The European mass media. - IV.3. The European party system. - IV.4. The impact of the non-existent party system. - IV.5. Interim conclusion. - V. A new role for political parties in the EU. - V.1. A model for the European level: political parties as communicative actors. - V.2. Changing the role of European political parties. - VI. Conclusion.
description: The European Union's political response - or the lack thereof - to the current Covid-19 pandemic has reinforced doubts about the future viability of the Union. One of the key issues decreasing the acceptance of the EU is the (perceived) lack of democratic legitimacy of EU law. This Article attempts to assess the causes for this deficit and to develop suggestions to address it. With the objective of evaluating the institutions in the EU's spheres of will formation and the public spheres, it sets out a discourse-theoretical model of democratic legitimacy as a benchmark. To create European public spheres, inclusive transnational processes of opinion formation and law-making must be institutionalised. Under the changed conditions of modern communication, adaptions to account for a fragmentation of discourse and the importance of digital public spheres are necessary; this requires an institutional focus on internet communication at the EU level. An analysis of the status quo reveals that the factual non-existence of a European party system is a decisive factor for the legitimacy deficit of EU law. Without strong European political parties as communicative actors, a void between the EU's procedures of will formation and civil society exists, and European public spheres cannot be created successfully. This structural problem can be addressed, it is argued, by freeing European political parties from the constraints currently imposed by EU law. If they are conceptualised as transnational communicative actors with adequate funding, they can create Europe-an public spheres and help to overcome the legitimacy deficit of the EU.
title: Reasoning, Interpretation, Authority, Pluralism, and the Weiss/PSPP Saga
Creators: name: Petric, Davor
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: German Federal Constitutional Court
subject: Court of Justice of the European Union
subject: legal reasoning and interpretation
subject: institutional authority
subject: interpretive pluralism
subject: Weiss and PSPP

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(2), 1123-1150
description: I. Introduction. - II. National courts interpret EU law. - III. German Constitutional Court interprets EU law. - III.1. Surrendering. - III.2. Forgetting. - III.3. Rejecting. - IV. Interpretation, contestation, pluralism. - IV.1. I hear, but I cannot understand. - IV.2. That's just the way it is. - IV.3. Enter interpretive pluralism. - V. Conclusion.
description: This Article deals with the question of the quality of legal reasoning of the Court of Justice of the EU. It first introduces the German Constitutional Court's decision in PSPP (ECLI:DE:BVerfG:2020:rs20200505.2bvr085915), which brought an unprecedent challenge to the authority of the Court of Justice regarding interpretation of EU law. Then it discusses how national courts, when exercising the constitutionality review domestically, engage in interpretation of EU law. As an example, recent case law of the German Constitutional Court is analysed. Specific focus is placed on the PSPP decision, in which the German court took issue with the Court of Justice's interpretive reasoning in Weiss (case C-493/17 ECLI:EU:C:2018:1000), thereby contesting the latter's monopoly in saying definitively not only what the EU law is, but also how to determine what the EU law is. One of the key takeaways was that if a judgment of the Court of Justice suffers from gross "methodological" deficiencies, that makes it inapplicable in domestic legal system. However, this suggestion does not change much regarding judicial interpretations and dynamic development of EU law, as will be proposed in this Article, and for several reasons. First, what makes interpretive arguments admissible is in general widely shared among the courts in the EU. Second, national courts have already on several occasions provoked the Court of Justice to improve its reasoning. Finally, the concept of interpretive pluralism explains the national courts' evergreater engagement with the matters of interpretation of EU law.
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Paul, Christophe
name: Pilipczuk, Michal
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 115, 13th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2018), pages 0:i-0:xiv
A differentiable N-body code for transit timing and dynamical modeling. I. Algorithm and derivatives
Creators: name: Agol, Eric
name: Hernandez, David M.
name: Langford, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When fitting N-body models to astronomical data - including transit times, radial velocity, and astrometric positions at observed times - the derivatives of the model outputs with respect to the initial conditions can help with model optimization and posterior sampling. Here we describe a general-purpose symplectic integrator for arbitrary orbital architectures, including those with close encounters, which we have recast to maintain numerical stability and precision for small step sizes. We compute the derivatives of the N-body coordinates and velocities as a function of time with respect to the initial conditions and masses by propagating the Jacobian along with the N-body integration. For the first time we obtain the derivatives of the transit times with respect to the initial conditions and masses using the chain rule, which is quicker and more accurate than using finite differences or automatic differentiation. We implement this algorithm in an open source package, NbodyGradient.jl, written in the Julia language, which has been used in the optimization and error analysis of transit-timing variations in the TRAPPIST-1 system. We present tests of the accuracy and precision of the code, and show that it compares favorably in speed to other integrators which are written in C.
description: 24 pages; 7 figures. Revised for submission to MNRAS. Links in equations are provided to code at the repository https://github.com/ericagol/NbodyGradient.jl Some documentation and example scripts for running the code are provided in the repository
Integrating Geographic Information into Survey Research: Current Applications, Challenges and Future Avenues
Creators: name: Bluemke, Matthias
name: Resch, Bernd
name: Lechner, Clemens
name: Westerholt, René
name: Kolb, Jan-Philipp
Publisher: name: European Survey Research Association
Year: 2017
Subjects: GIScience; GIS tools; socioecological psychology; wearables; social media

description: Geographic information science (GIScience) offers survey researchers a plethora of rapidly evolving research strategies and tools for data acquisition and analysis. However, the potential for incorporating geographic information systems (GIS) tools into traditional survey research has not yet been fully appreciated by survey researchers. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances and challenges in leveraging this potential. First, we present state-of-the-art applications of GIS tools in traditional survey research, drawing mainly on examples from psychological survey research (e.g., socioecological psychology). We also
discuss innovative GIS tools (e.g., wearables) and GIScience methods (e.g., citizen sensing) that expand the scope of traditional surveys. Second, we highlight a number of challenges and problems (e.g., choice of spatial scale, statistical issues, privacy concerns) and - where possible - suggest remedies. With increasing awareness of the potential that GIS tools hold for survey research, and intensified dialogue between researchers from both sides, more fruitful collaboration appears within reach.
description: Survey Research Methods, Vol 11, No 3 (2017): Special Issue: Uses of Geographic Information Systems Tools in Survey Data Collection and Analysis
Mid-infrared dispersion relations in InP based photonic crystal slabs revealed by Fourier-transform angle-resolved reflection spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chalimah, Siti
name: Yao, Yuanzhao
name: Ikeda, Naoki
name: Kaneko, Kei
name: Hashimoto, Rei
name: Kakuno, Tsutomu
name: Saito, Shinji
name: Kuroda, Takashi
name: Sugimoto, Yoshimasa
name: Sakoda, Kazuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic crystals (PCs) offer unique ways to control light-matter interactions. The measurement of dispersion relations is a fundamental prerequisite if we are to create novel functionalities in PC devices. Angle-resolved spectroscopic techniques are commonly used for characterizing PCs that work in the visible and near-infrared regions. However, the techniques cannot be applied to the mid- and long-wavelength infrared regions due to the limited sensitivity of infrared detectors. Here, we propose an alternative approach to measuring infrared dispersion relations. We construct a high-precision angle-resolved setup compatible with a Fourier-transform spectrometer with an angle resolution as high as 0.3 degrees. Hence, the reflection spectra are mapped to the 2D photonic band structures of In(Ga,Al)As/InP based PC slabs, which are designed as mid-infrared PC surface-emitting lasers. We identify complex PC modes with the aid of polarization selection rules derived by the group theory. Spectral analysis makes it possible to evaluate the mode quality (Q) factors. Therefore, angle-resolved reflection is a useful way of optimizing 2D PC parameters for mid-infrared devices.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
title: Sovereign Within the Union? The Polish Constitutional Tribunal and the Struggle for European Values
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Enzo
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rule of law
subject: Polish Constitutional Tribunal
subject: Sovereignty
subject: Primacy of EU Law
subject: Breach of EU Values
subject: International Law Remedies

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(2), 1117-1121
description: On 6 October 2021, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal (CT) delivered its much-awaited ruling in case K 3/21. The Tribunal declared the unconstitutionality of arts 1, 2 and 19 TEU inasmuch as they require that national judges discard the Polish legislation on the organisation of the judiciary; in particular, those provisions which, in the view of the CJEU, place the Polish magistrature under strict control of the political power. However, and paradoxically, this ruling does not necessarily prelude to Poland’s decision of to withdraw from the European Union. By combining the self-referential legitimacy endorsed by the CT with the unfortunate withdrawal clause of art. 50 TEU, Poland could well retain its claim to be sovereign within the Union without having to comply with its fundamental principles and values. But how could MS react against a violation of the Treaty values apart from by fighting the symbolic battle for the art. 7 TEU procedure? To answer this question, a short reference should be made to the relation between the Union’s values and the obligations which reflect them. While art. 7 TEU provides for a special procedure to assess a systemic breach of the values of the Union, by no means does it prevent the functioning of ordinary remedies against a failure to comply with these specific obligations. Some of these rules are exclusively part of the body of European law. Others are also established by international law. The correspondence of the content of an obligation of international law with the values protected by art. 2 TEU does not, per se, prevent MS from invoking that obligation in their reciprocal relations. An action brought by the MS against Poland in their capacity of sovereign States would produce a number of beneficial effects. It would remedy the weakness of the institution-al procedures designed to ensure the implementation of the values of the Union. It would contribute to saving the soul of the Union and the fundamental rights of its citizens. It would make virtuous use of sovereignty: as a historical nemesis for the very ideology of sovereignty.
Shaken, but not stirred - Potts model coupled to quantum gravity
Creators: name: Ambjorn, J.
name: Anagnostopoulos, K. N.
name: Loll, R.
name: Pushkina, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the critical behaviour of both matter and geometry of the three-state Potts model coupled to two-dimensional Lorentzian quantum gravity in the framework of causal dynamical triangulations. Contrary to what general arguments of the effects of disorder suggest, we find strong numerical evidence that the critical exponents of the matter are not changed under the influence of quantum fluctuations in the geometry, compared to their values on fixed, regular lattices. This lends further support to previous findings that quantum gravity models based on causal dynamical triangulations are in many ways better behaved than their Euclidean counterparts.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Explainable AI under contract and tort law
Creators: name: Hacker, Philipp
name: Krestel, Ralf
name: Grundmann, Stefan
name: Naumann, Felix
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Explainability
subject: Explainable AI
subject: Interpretable machine learning
subject: Contract law
subject: Tort law
subject: Explainability-accuracy trade-off
subject: Medical malpractice
subject: Corporate takeovers
subject: 004 Informatik
subject: 340 Recht

description: This paper shows that the law, in subtle ways, may set hitherto unrecognized incentives for the adoption of explainable machine learning applications. In doing so, we make two novel contributions. First, on the legal side, we show that to avoid liability, professional actors, such as doctors and managers, may soon be legally compelled to use explainable ML models. We argue that the importance of explainability reaches far beyond data protection law, and crucially influences questions of contractual and tort liability for the use of ML models. To this effect, we conduct two legal case studies, in medical and corporate merger applications of ML. As a second contribution, we discuss the (legally required) trade-off between accuracy and explainability and demonstrate the effect in a technical case study in the context of spam classification.
The Peanut Industry: A Selected List of References on the Economic Aspects of the Industry, 1920-1939
Creators: name: Hennefrund, Helen E.
name: Hennefrund, Helen E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1939
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics

description: Excerpts from the Foreword: This bibliography supersedes and brings to date a typewritten list by Vajen E. Hitz issued in 1931 entitled "The Peanut Industry; Selected References on the Economic Aspects of the Industry…1920 to Date." It contains references to hooks, pamphlets and periodical articles relating to the economic aspects of the peanut industry in the United States and in foreign countries, from 1920 through the first five months of 1939. It includes references on the Agricultural Adjustment program for peanuts, cost of production and labor requirements, grading aid standardization, legislation, markets and marketing, mechanization of the industry, statistics, storage of the crop, and its utilization as feed, in peanut butter and as an oil. A few references on oil extraction and on the nutritive value of the nut have been included. Except when they occur in publications included for other reasons, references on culture, diseases and pests, and analyses of commercial feeding stuffs have been omitted. Periodicals which are organs of the peanut trade have been cited in a special periodicals section. Articles in those periodicals have been listed only when specific reference to them was found in the sources checked, since they contain articles and current notices which are too numerous or too sight.
Demand for freight transportation with a special emphasis on mode choice in Canada
Creators: name: Oum, Tae Hoon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis derives a freight transportation demand model consistently with neoclassical economic theory: a shipper is assumed to minimize total cost of production and distribution with a given output that has to be delivered to various destination markets. With some further assumptions on the shipper's production technology, it is possible to express the shipper's transportation sectoral unit cost as a function of freight rates and quality attributes of service and length of haul. Four alternative forms of the transportation sectoral unit cost function are hypothesized. These cost functions are specified in the translog form, and corresponding modal revenue share functions are derived. Each system of the cost and share functions is estimated jointly by a maximum likelihood (ML) method, separately for each of the eight commodity groups selected from the cross-sectional data of Canadian inter-regional freight movements during the year 1970. Results of the hypothesis testing has shown that the quality attributes of service have significant impact on the mode choice of manufactured products but not of bulk commodities and raw materials. The parameter estimates of the cost and share functions are used to measure the elasticity of substitition and the elasticities of demand with respect to freight rates and quality attributes of service. Both price and quality elasticities of demand vary substantially from commodity to commodity and from link to link. For each commodity group, the price elasticities of the rail and truck modes are used to identify the distance range over which an effective rail-truck competition exists. For the relatively high-value commodities, the short-haul traffic is largely dominated by the truck mode, and the significant rail-truck competition exists only in the medium and long-haul markets. On the other hand, for the relatively low-value commodities, the effective rail-truck competition exists only in the short-haul markets leaving the medium and long-haul markets largely rail-dominated.
Multi-frequency study of the peculiar pulsars PSR B0919+06 and PSR B1859+07
Creators: name: Rajwade, K. M.
name: Perera, B. B. P.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Roy, J.
name: Karastergiou, A.
name: Rankin, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since their discovery more than 50 years ago, broadband radio studies of pulsars have generated a wealth of information about the underlying physics of radio emission. In order to gain some further insights into this elusive emission mechanism, we performed a multi-frequency study of two very well-known pulsars, PSR~B0919+06 and PSR~B1859+07. These pulsars show peculiar radio emission properties whereby the emission shifts to an earlier rotation phase before returning to the nominal emission phase in a few tens of pulsar rotations (also known as `swooshes'). We confirm the previous claim that the emission during the swoosh is not necessarily absent at low frequencies and the single pulses during a swoosh show varied behaviour at 220~MHz. We also confirm that in PSR~B0919+06, the pulses during the swoosh show a chromatic dependence of the maximum offset from the normal emission phase with the offset following a consistent relationship with observing frequency. We also observe that the flux density spectrum of the radio profile during the swoosh is inverted compared to the normal emission. For PSR~B1859+07, we have discovered a new mode of emission in the pulsar that is potentially quasi-periodic with a different periodicity than is seen in its swooshes. We invoke an emission model previously proposed in the literature and show that this simple model can explain the macroscopic observed characteristics in both pulsars. We also argue that pulsars that exhibit similar variability on short timescales may have the same underlying emission mechanism.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Using Probabilistic Movement Primitives in Analyzing Human Motion Difference under Transcranial Current Stimulation
Creators: name: Xue, Honghu
name: Herzog, Rebecca
name: Berger, Till M
name: Bäumer, Tobias
name: Weissbach, Anne
name: Rueckert, Elmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In medical tasks such as human motion analysis, computer-aided auxiliary systems have become preferred choice for human experts for its high efficiency. However, conventional approaches are typically based on user-defined features such as movement onset times, peak velocities, motion vectors or frequency domain analyses. Such approaches entail careful data post-processing or specific domain knowledge to achieve a meaningful feature extraction. Besides, they are prone to noise and the manual-defined features could hardly be re-used for other analyses. In this paper, we proposed probabilistic movement primitives (ProMPs), a widely-used approach in robot skill learning, to model human motions. The benefit of ProMPs is that the features are directly learned from the data and ProMPs can capture important features describing the trajectory shape, which can easily be extended to other tasks. Distinct from previous research, where classification tasks are mostly investigated, we applied ProMPs together with a variant of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to quantify the effect of different transcranial current stimulation methods on human motions. We presented an initial result with 10 participants. The results validate ProMPs as a robust and effective feature extractor for human motions.
title: Sexual violence as a form of social control : the role of hostile and benevolent sexism
Creators: name: Viki, Garcia Tendayi Nyasha
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This thesis examines the feminist hypothesis that rape functions as a tool of social control through which women are kept in subordinate social positions (Brownmiller, 1975). In examining this hypothesis, the current thesis explores the role of benevolent and hostile sexism in accounting for people's responses to different types of rape (i.e. stranger vs. acquaintance rape). An examination of the literature suggests that there are general societal beliefs in the distinction between "good" and "bad" rape victims (Pollard, 1992). Interestingly, researchers have observed that benevolent sexism (BS) is related to the idealisation of women in traditional gender roles (i.e. "good" women; Glick et aI., 2000). It is, therefore, argued that individuals who idealise women in traditional roles (i.e. high BS individuals) are more likely to negatively evaluate rape victims who can be perceived as violating these norms. Nine empirical studies are presented in this thesis. Study 1 examines the potential role of BS in accounting for previously observed differences in the amount of blame attributed to stranger and acquaintance rape victims (e.g. Pollard, 1992). Studies 2 and 3 examine the psychological mechanisms that underlie the relationship between BS and victim blame in acquaintance rape situations. Studies 2 and 4 also explore the psychological mechanisms that underlie the relationship between hostile sexism (HS) and self reported rape proclivity in acquaintance rape situations (c.f. Viki, 2000). In Study 5, the relationship between BS and paternalistic chivalry (attitudes that are simultaneously courteous and restrictive to women) is examined. Studies 6 and 7 examine the role of BS in accounting for participants' responses to stranger vs. acquaintance rape perpetrators. The last two studies (Studies 8 and 9) examine the potential role of legal verdicts in moderating the relationship between BS and victim blame in acquaintance rape cases. Taken together, the results support the argument that BS provides a psychological mechanism through which differences in the amount of blame attributed to stranger and acquaintance rape victims can be explained. In contrast, HS provides a mechanism for explaining differences in self-reported proclivity to commit stranger and acquaintance rape. The thesis concludes with a summary of the findings, a discussion of the methodological limitations of the studies and suggestions of directions for future research.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) XII: Inferring the C/O and S/H ratios in Protoplanetary Disks with Sulfur Molecules
Creators: name: Gal, Romane Le
name: Öberg, Karin I.
name: Teague, Richard
name: Loomis, Ryan A.
name: Law, Charles J.
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Menard, Francois
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Booth, Alice S.
name: Cataldi, Gianni
name: Bergner, Jennifer B.
name: Bosman, Arthur D.
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
name: Czekala, Ian
name: Furuya, Kenji
name: Guzmán, Viviana V.
name: Huang, Jane
name: Ilee, John D.
name: Nomura, Hideko
name: Qi, Chunhua
name: Schwarz, Kamber R.
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Yamato, Yoshihide
name: Zhang, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sulfur-bearing molecules play an important role in prebiotic chemistry and planet habitability. They are also proposed probes of chemical ages, elemental C/O ratio, and grain chemistry processing. Commonly detected in diverse astrophysical objects, including the Solar System, their distribution and chemistry remain, however, largely unknown in planet-forming disks. We present CS ($2-1$) observations at $\sim0."3$ resolution performed within the ALMA-MAPS Large Program toward the five disks around IM Lup, GM Aur, AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480. CS is detected in all five disks, displaying a variety of radial intensity profiles and spatial distributions across the sample, including intriguing apparent azimuthal asymmetries. Transitions of C$_2$S and SO were also serendipitously covered but only upper limits are found. For MWC 480, we present complementary ALMA observations at $\sim0."5$, of CS, $^{13}$CS, C$^{34}$S, H$_2$CS, OCS, and SO$_2$. We find a column density ratio N(H$_{2}$CS)/N(CS)$\sim2/3$, suggesting that a substantial part of the sulfur reservoir in disks is in organic form (i.e., C$_x$H$_y$S$_z$). Using astrochemical disk modeling tuned to MWC 480, we demonstrate that $N$(CS)/$N$(SO) is a promising probe for the elemental C/O ratio. The comparison with the observations provides a super-solar C/O. We also find a depleted gas-phase S/H ratio, suggesting either that part of the sulfur reservoir is locked in solid phase or that it remains in an unidentified gas-phase reservoir. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement (27 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables)
Resonant leptogenesis and TM$_1$ mixing in minimal Type-I seesaw model with S$_4$ symmetry
Creators: name: Thapa, Bikash
name: Francis, Ng. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an S$_4$ flavour symmetric model within a minimal seesaw framework resulting in mass matrices that leads to TM$_1$ mixing. Minimal seesaw is realized by adding two right-handed neutrinos to the Standard Model. The model predicts Normal Hierarchy (NH) for neutrino masses. Using the constrained six-dimensional parameter space, we have evaluated the effective Majorana neutrino mass, which is the parameter of interest in neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. The possibility of explaining baryogenesis via resonant leptogenesis is also examined within the model. A non-zero, resonantly enhanced CP asymmetry generated from the decay of right-handed neutrinos at the TeV scale is studied, considering flavour effects. The evolution of lepton asymmetry is discussed by solving the set of Boltzmann equations numerically and obtain the value of baryon asymmetry to be $\lvert η_B \rvert = 6.3 \times 10^{-10}$.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Blais, Eric
name: Jansen, Klaus
name: D. P. Rolim, José
name: Steurer, David
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 116, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018), pages 0:i-0:xvi
Editorial board perspective - ONLINE TEACHING: a personal experience and some personal views
Creators: name: Pejović, Predrag
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: online teaching
RaspberryPi
server
Jitsi
eduMEET
Zenodo
Ubuntu
RPi
vendor lock-in
free software
freedombox
Moodle
DOI
GNU
Media Goblin
Apache

description: Presentation held by PSSOH conference Editor Prof. Predrag Pejović for the third PSSOH during Introductory session. Recorded presentation is available via YouTube at: https://youtu.be/7tMzy6XGNew.
description: This record contains both presentation and handouts.
Aspects of High Scale Leptogenesis with Low-Energy Leptonic CP Violation
Creators: name: Granelli, A.
name: Moffat, K.
name: Petcov, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the density matrix equations (DME) for high scale leptogenesis based on the type I seesaw mechanism, in which the CP violation (CPV) is provided by the low-energy Dirac or/and Majorana phases of the neutrino mixing (PMNS) matrix, we investigate the 1-to-2 and the 2-to-3 flavour regime transitions, where the 1, 2 and 3 leptogenesis flavour regimes in the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe $η_B$ are described by the Boltzmann equations. Concentrating on the 1-to-2 flavour transition we determine the general conditions under which $η_B$ goes through zero and changes sign in the transition. Analysing in detail the behaviour of $η_B$ in the transition in the case of two heavy Majorana neutrinos $N_{1,2}$ with hierarchical masses, $M_1 \ll M_2$, we find, in particular, that i) the Boltzmann equations in many cases fail to describe correctly the generation of $η_B$ in the 1, 2 and 3 flavour regimes, ii) the 2-flavour regime can persist above (below) $\sim 10^{12}$ GeV ($\sim 10^9$ GeV), iii) the flavour effects in leptogenesis persist beyond the typically considered maximal for these effects leptogenesis scale of $10^{12}$ GeV. We further determine the minimal scale $M_{1\text{min}}$ at which we can have successful leptogenesis when the CPV is provided only by the Dirac or Majorana phases of the PMNS matrix as well as the ranges of scales and values of the phases for having successful leptogenesis. We show, in particular, that when the CPV is due to the Dirac phase $δ$, there is a direct relation between the sign of $\sin δ$ and the sign of $η_B$ in the regions of viable leptogenesis in the case of normal hierarchical light neutrino mass spectrum; for the inverted hierarchical spectrum the same result holds for $M_1 \lesssim 10^{13}$ GeV. The considered scenarios of leptogenesis are testable and falsifiable in low-energy neutrino experiments.
description: 56 pages, 16 figures, 1 table
Early habitability and crustal decarbonation of a stagnant-lid Venus
Creators: name: Höning, Dennis
name: Baumeister, Philipp
name: Grenfell, John Lee
name: Tosi, Nicola
name: Way, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Little is known about the early evolution of Venus and a potential habitable period during the first one billion years. In particular, it remains unclear whether or not plate tectonics and an active carbonate-silicate cycle were present. In the presence of liquid water but without plate tectonics, weathering would have been limited to freshly produced basaltic crust, with an early carbon cycle restricted to the crust and atmosphere. With the evaporation of surface water, weathering would cease. With ongoing volcanism, carbonate sediments would be buried and sink downwards. Thereby, carbonates would heat up until they become unstable and the crust would become depleted in carbonates. With CO$_2$ supply to the atmosphere the surface temperature rises further, the depth below which decarbonation occurs decreases, causing the release of even more CO$_2$. We assess the habitable period of an early stagnant-lid Venus by employing a coupled interior-atmosphere evolution model accounting for CO$_2$ degassing, weathering, carbonate burial, and crustal decarbonation. We find that if initial surface conditions allow for liquid water, weathering can keep the planet habitable for up to 900 Myr, followed by evaporation of water and rapid crustal carbonate depletion. For the atmospheric CO$_2$ of stagnant-lid exoplanets, we predict a bimodal distribution, depending on whether or not these planets experienced a runaway greenhouse in their history. Planets with high atmospheric CO$_2$ could be associated with crustal carbonate depletion as a consequence of a runaway greenhouse, whereas planets with low atmospheric CO$_2$ would indicate active silicate weathering and thereby a habitable climate.
Revisiting the Panko-Halverson Taxonomy of Spreadsheet Errors
Creators: name: Panko, Raymond R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to revisit the Panko-Halverson taxonomy of spreadsheet errors and suggest revisions. There are several reasons for doing so: First, the taxonomy has been widely used. Therefore, it should have scrutiny; Second, the taxonomy has not been widely available in its original form and most users refer to secondary sources. Consequently, they often equate the taxonomy with the simplified extracts used in particular experiments or field studies; Third, perhaps as a consequence, most users use only a fraction of the taxonomy. In particular, they tend not to use the taxonomy's life-cycle dimension; Fourth, the taxonomy has been tested against spreadsheets in experiments and spreadsheets in operational use. It is time to review how it has fared in these tests; Fifth, the taxonomy was based on the types of spreadsheet errors that were known to the authors in the mid-1990s. Subsequent experience has shown that the taxonomy needs to be extended for situations beyond those original experiences; Sixth, the omission category in the taxonomy has proven to be too narrow. Although this paper will focus on the Panko-Halverson taxonomy, this does not mean that that it is the only possible error taxonomy or even the best error taxonomy.
description: 22 Pages, 17 Figures
Dependence of the initial internal structure of chondrule rim on dust size distribution
Creators: name: Kaneko, Hiroaki
name: Arakawa, Sota
name: Nakamoto, Taishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coarse objects in chondrites such as chondrules and CAIs are mostly coated with fine-grained rims (FGRs). FGRs can be formed on the surface of free floating chondrules in a turbulent nebula, where dust aggregation also occurs. A former study has reported that the morphology of the dust populations accreting onto chondrules affects the initial structures of FGRs. It was revealed that, if monomer grains accrete onto chondrules, the smaller grains tend to accumulate near the surface of chondrules, and FGRs exhibit grain size coarsening from the bottom to the top. However, the study did not consider the effect of temporal growth of dust aggregates on FGRs formation. In this study, we calculate the aggregation of polydisperse monomer grains and their accretion onto chondrules. The following two different stages of dust aggregation can be identified: the monomer-aggregation stage and the BCCA-like stage. In the monomer-aggregation stage, monomer grains are incorporated into aggregates when the average aggregate size reaches the size of the monomer. In the BCCA-like stage, aggregates evolve fractally in a fashion similar to that of single size monomer grains. Based on the results of the previous study, we obtain the requisite conditions for chondrules to acquire monomer-accreting FGRs with grain size coarsening observed in some chondrites. In the case of similar size distribution as that of Inter Stellar Medium (ISM), the maximum grain size of $>$ $1$ $μ$m is widely ($α$ $
description: 56 pages, 20 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Icarus
Influence of Roles in Decision-Making during OSS Development -- A Study of Python
Creators: name: Sharma, Pankajeshwara Nand
name: Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy
name: Stanger, Nigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Governance has been highlighted as a key factor in the success of an Open Source Software (OSS) project. It is generally seen that in a mixed meritocracy and autocracy governance model, the decision-making (DM) responsibility regarding what features are included in the OSS is shared among members from select roles; prominently the project leader. However, less examination has been made whether members from these roles are also prominent in DM discussions and how decisions are made, to show they play an integral role in the success of the project. We believe that to establish their influence, it is necessary to examine not only discussions of proposals in which the project leader makes the decisions, but also those where others make the decisions. Therefore, in this study, we examine the prominence of members performing different roles in: (i) making decisions, (ii) performing certain social roles in DM discussions (e.g., discussion starters), (iii) contributing to the OSS development social network through DM discussions, and (iv) how decisions are made under both scenarios. We examine these aspects in the evolution of the well-known Python project. We carried out a data-driven longitudinal study of their email communication spanning 20 years, comprising about 1.5 million emails. These emails contain decisions for 466 Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) that document the language's evolution. Our findings make the influence of different roles transparent to future (new) members, other stakeholders, and more broadly, to the OSS research community.
Modeling Interactions of Multimodal Road Users in Shared Spaces
Creators: name: Johora, Fatema T.
name: Müller, Jörg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In shared spaces, motorized and non-motorized road users share the same space with equal priority. Their movements are not regulated by traffic rules, hence they interact more frequently to negotiate priority over the shared space. To estimate the safeness and efficiency of shared spaces, reproducing the traffic behavior in such traffic places is important. In this paper, we consider and combine different levels of interaction between pedestrians and cars in shared space environments. Our proposed model consists of three layers: a layer to plan trajectories of road users; a force-based modeling layer to reproduce free flow movement and simple interactions; and a game-theoretic decision layer to handle complex situations where road users need to make a decision over different alternatives. We validate our model by simulating scenarios involving various interactions between pedestrians and cars and also car-to-car interaction. The results indicate that simulated behaviors match observed behaviors well.
Giant Biquadratic Exchange in 2D Magnets and its Role in Stabilizing Ferromagnetism of NiCl2 Monolayer
Creators: name: Ni, J. Y.
name: Li, X. Y.
name: Amoroso, D.
name: He, X.
name: Feng, J. S.
name: Kan, E. J.
name: Picozzi, S.
name: Xiang, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets provide an ideal platform for exploring, on the fundamental side, new microscopic mechanisms and for developing, on the technological side, ultra-compact spintronic applications. So far, bilinear spin Hamiltonians have been commonly adopted to investigate the magnetic properties of 2D magnets, neglecting higher order magnetic interactions. However, we here provide quantitative evidence of giant biquadratic exchange interactions in monolayer NiX2 (X=Cl, Br and I), by combining first-principles calculations and the newly developed machine learning method for constructing Hamiltonian. Interestingly, we show that the ferromagnetic ground state within NiCl2 single layers cannot be explained by means of bilinear Heisenberg Hamiltonian; rather, the nearest-neighbor biquadratic interaction is found to be crucial. Furthermore, using a three-orbitals Hubbard model, we propose that the giant biquadratic exchange interaction originates from large hopping between unoccupied and occupied orbitals on neighboring magnetic ions. On a general framework, our work suggests biquadratic exchange interactions to be important in 2D magnets with edge-shared octahedra.
description: 3 figures
Energy Efficient Computing in Nanoscale CMOS
Creators: Vivek De
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

SSCS Webinar
ABSTRACT
Future computing systems spanning exascale supercomputers to wearable devices demand orders of magnitude improvements in energy efficiency while providing desired performance. The system-on-chip (SoC) designs need to span a wide range of performance and power across diverse platforms and workloads. The designs must achieve robust near-threshold-voltage (NTV) operation in nanoscale CMOS  process while supporting a wide voltage-frequency operating range with  minimal impact on die cost. We will discuss circuit and design technologies to overcome the challenges posed by device parameter variations, supply noises, temperature excursions, aging-induced degradations, workload and activity changes, and reliability considerations. The major pillars of energy-efficient SoC designs are: (1) circuit/design optimizations for fine-grain multi-voltage & wide dynamic range, (2) fine-grain on-die power delivery & management, (3) dynamic adaptation & reconfiguration, (4) dynamic on-die error detection & correction, and (5) efficient interconnects.
Maxwell operator on q-Minkowski space and q-hyperboloid algebras
Creators: name: Dutriaux, A.
name: Gurevich, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B37, 81R50

description: We introduce an analog of the Maxwell operator on a q-Minkowski space algebra (treated as a particular case of the so-called Reflection Equation Algebra) and on certain of its quotients. We treat the space of "quantum differential forms" as a projective module in the spirit of the Serre-Swan approach. Also, we use "braided tangent vector fields" which are q-analogs of Poisson vector fields associated to the Lie bracket sl(2).
Gazeau-Klauder type coherent states for hypergeometric type operators
Creators: name: Cotfas, Nicolae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 33C45; 81R30

description: The hypergeometric type operators are shape invariant, and a factorization into a product of first order differential operators can be explicitly described in the general case. Some additional shape invariant operators depending on several parameters are defined in a natural way by starting from this general factorization. The mathematical properties of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the operators thus obtained depend on the values of the involved parameters. We study the parameter dependence of orthogonality, square integrability and of the monotony of eigenvalue sequence. The obtained results allow us to define certain systems of Gazeau-Klauder coherent states and to describe some of their properties. Our systematic study recovers a number of well-known results in a natural unified way and also leads to new findings.
description: An error occurring in Theorem 12 and Theorem 13 has been corrected
Screen Parsing: Towards Reverse Engineering of UI Models from Screenshots
Creators: name: Wu, Jason
name: Zhang, Xiaoyi
name: Nichols, Jeff
name: Bigham, Jeffrey P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated understanding of user interfaces (UIs) from their pixels can improve accessibility, enable task automation, and facilitate interface design without relying on developers to comprehensively provide metadata. A first step is to infer what UI elements exist on a screen, but current approaches are limited in how they infer how those elements are semantically grouped into structured interface definitions. In this paper, we motivate the problem of screen parsing, the task of predicting UI elements and their relationships from a screenshot. We describe our implementation of screen parsing and provide an effective training procedure that optimizes its performance. In an evaluation comparing the accuracy of the generated output, we find that our implementation significantly outperforms current systems (up to 23%). Finally, we show three example applications that are facilitated by screen parsing: (i) UI similarity search, (ii) accessibility enhancement, and (iii) code generation from UI screenshots.