cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Recurrent dynamical symmetry breaking and restoration by Wilson lines at finite densities on a torus
Creators: name: Lee, Chung-Chieh
name: Ho, Choon-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive the general expression of a one-loop effective potential of the nonintegrable phases of Wilson lines for an SU(N) gauge theory with a massless adjoint fermion defined on the spactime manifold $R^{1,d-3}\times T^2$ at finite temperature and fermion density. The Phase structure of the vacuum is presented for the case with $d=4$ and N=2 at zero temperature. It is found that gauge symmetry is broken and restored alternately as the fermion density increases, a feature not found in the Higgs mechanism. It is the manifestation of the quantum effects of the nonintegrable phases.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Type Ia Supernova Distances at z > 1.5 from the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-Cycle Treasury Programs: The Early Expansion Rate
Creators: name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Rodney, Steven A.
name: Scolnic, Daniel M.
name: Shafer, Daniel L.
name: Strolger, Louis-Gregory
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Postman, Marc
name: Graur, Or
name: Maoz, Dan
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Casertano, Stefano
name: Hayden, Brian
name: Molino, Alberto
name: Hjorth, Jens
name: Garnavich, Peter M.
name: Jones, David O.
name: Kirshner, Robert P.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Grogin, Norman A.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Hemmati, Shoubaneh
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Challis, Peter M.
name: Wolff, Schuyler
name: Clubb, Kelsey I.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Nayyeri, Hooshang
name: Vivian, U
name: Koo, David C.
name: Faber, Sandra M.
name: Kocevski, Dale
name: Bradley, Larry
name: Coe, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of 15 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at redshift z > 1 (9 at 1.5 < z < 2.3) recently discovered in the CANDELS and CLASH Multi-Cycle Treasury programs using WFC3 on the Hubble Space Telescope. We combine these SNe Ia with a new compilation of 1050 SNe Ia, jointly calibrated and corrected for simulated survey biases to produce accurate distance measurements. We present unbiased constraints on the expansion rate at six redshifts in the range 0.07 < z < 1.5 based only on this combined SN Ia sample. The added leverage of our new sample at z > 1.5 leads to a factor of ~3 improvement in the determination of the expansion rate at z = 1.5, reducing its uncertainty to ~20%, a measurement of H(z=1.5)/H0=2.67 (+0.83,-0.52). We then demonstrate that these six measurements alone provide a nearly identical characterization of dark energy as the full SN sample, making them an efficient compression of the SN Ia data. The new sample of SNe Ia at z > 1 usefully distinguishes between alternative cosmological models and unmodeled evolution of the SN Ia distance indicators, placing empirical limits on the latter. Finally, employing a realistic simulation of a potential WFIRST SN survey observing strategy, we forecast optimistic future constraints on the expansion rate from SNe Ia.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables; submitted to ApJ
Empirical Evidence and the Case for Foreign Aid
Creators: name: Hassoun, Nicole
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This paper addresses an important methodological question for a recent debate in global justice: What types of data are necessary for settling normative debates about foreign aid? Recently, several philosophers have considered the case for foreign aid and have concluded that foreign aid is either ineffective or counter-productive. This paper considers what kinds of evidence those doing applied philosophy must use to support different claims about aid’s efficacy. Then, using some of the best available data, this paper makes a strong case for at least some foreign aid. This paper’s methodological lessons, however, are quite general. It considers what types of data are necessary for establishing the kinds of empirical claims often relied upon in the political philosophy and public policy literature.
title: Benzimidazole derivatives as antimalarial agents: Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity relationship studies
Creators: name: Eisa, Sidra
name: Cernicchi, Giada
name: Boerman, Felix
name: Lacour, Antoine
name: Bravo, Patricia
name: Taylor, Dale
name: GHORPADE, SANDEEP
name: Wicht, Kathryn
name: Rottmann, Matthias
name: Hamed, Mostafa
name: Hirsch, Anna
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für Pharmazie
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 615
subject: 610

description: Malaria is still one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the human history. With over 90% of the world’s malaria mortality attributed to Plasmodium falciparum, this parasite remains a major global health threat, highlighting the need for increased efforts in antimalarial drug discovery. This study aims to develop next-generation treatment options to combat malaria. We screened in-house library of compounds and identified HIPS709 as an initial hit with IC50 of 470 nM against Plasmodium falciparum NF54. After two rounds of Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) optimization, we successfully identified four compounds with significantly improved activity profiles. Among these, the most promising compound exhibited an impressive ~25 fold increase in activity. The front-runner compounds were subjected to in vitro ADMET profiling while mode of action studies are currently in progress.
Direction Dependent Corrections in Polarimetric Radio Imaging II: A-Solver Methodology A low-order solver for the A-Term of the A-Projection algorithm
Creators: name: Jagannathan, Preshanth
name: Bhatnagar, S.
name: Brisken, W.
name: Taylor, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of the antenna far-field power pattern limits the imaging performance of modern wide-bandwidth, high-sensitivity interferometric radio telescopes. Given a model for the aperture illumination pattern (AIP) of the antenna, referred to as the A-term, the wide-band (WB) A-Projection algorithm corrects for the effects of its time, frequency, and polarization structure. The level to which this correction is possible depends on how accurately the A-term, represents the true AIP. In this paper, we describe the A-Solver methodology that combines physical modeling with optimization to holographic measurements to build an accurate model for the AIP. Using a parametrized ray-tracing code as the predictor, we solve for the frequency dependence of the antenna optics and show that the resulting low-order model for the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) antenna captures the dominant frequency-dependent terms. The A-Solver methodology described here is generic and can be adapted for other types of antennas as well. The parameterization is based on the physical characteristics of the antenna structure and optics and is therefore arguably a compact representation (minimized degrees of freedom) of the frequency-dependent structure of the antenna A-term. In this paper, we also show that the parameters derived from A-Solver methodology are expected to improve sensitivity and imaging performance out to the first side-lobe of the antenna.
description: 13pages, 10 Figures, Accepted for publication at the Astronomical Journal
Molecular dynamics simulation study on the inhibitory mechanism of RIPK1 by 4,5-dihydropyrazole derivatives
Creators: name: Zhang, Yurou
name: Wang, Song
name: Ren, Aimin
name: Guan, Shanshan
name: Jingwen, E
name: Luo, Zhijian
name: Yang, Zhijie
name: Zhang, Xinyue
name: Du, Juan
name: Zhang, Hao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Virology

description: The receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is tightly related to Digestive System Neoplasms genesis. Therefore, inhibitors that target RIPK1 have gained popularity in today's anti-cancer therapy. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area calculations were used to investigate the binding mode and inhibition mechanism of five 4,5-dihydropyrazole derivatives with RIPK1 in the present work. The results showed that the five inhibitors mainly interacted with RIPK1 through van der Waals interaction and were stably present in the hydrophobic pocket next to the ATP-binding pocket. During the simulation, the inhibitor 2R with opposite chirality displayed a significant flip-flop in the binding pose, causing the key residue Asp156 to not easily maintain the inactive conformation, affecting its inhibitory ability. Inhibitors with identical chirality but different 1-substituents could exert non-competitive inhibition via three pathways. First of all, the inhibitor interacted directly with ATP, influencing its γ-phosphate position. Second, it altered the conformation of Lys45, which was crucial for both ATP binding and γ-phosphate transfer. And then it affected the conformation of the P-loop and β1 sheet, resulting in differences in substrate peptide recognition. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of such inhibitors in the future.
Classical Approaches to Chiral Polaritonics
Creators: name: Mauro, L.
name: Fregoni, J.
name: Feist, J.
name: Avriller, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a theoretical framework based on classical electromagnetism, to describe optical properties of Fabry-Pérot cavities, filled with multilayered and linear chiral materials. We find a formal link between transfer-matrix, scattering-matrix and Green-function approaches to compute the polarization-dependent optical transmission, and cavity-modified circular dichroism signals. We show how general symmetries like Lorentz reciprocity and time-reversal symmetry constrain the modelling of such cavities. We apply this approach to investigate numerically and analytically the properties of various Fabry-Pérot cavities, made of either metallic or helicity-preserving dielectric photonic crystal mirrors. In the latter case, we analyze the onset of chiral cavity-polaritons in terms of partial helicity-preservation of electromagnetic waves reflected at the mirrors interfaces. Our approach is relevant for designing innovative Fabry-Pérot cavities for chiral-sensing, and for probing cavity-modified stereochemistry.
description: Updated Figures. Published version
Nonstrange and other unitarity partners of the exotic Theta+ baryon
Creators: name: Arndt, R. A.
name: Azimov, Ya. I.
name: Polyakov, M. V.
name: Strakovsky, I. I.
name: Workman, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given presently known empirical information about the exotic Theta+ baryon, we analyze possible properties of its SU(3)F partners, paying special attention to the nonstrange member of the antidecuplet N*. The modified PWA analysis presents two candidate masses, 1680 MeV and 1730 MeV. In both cases the N* should be highly inelastic. The theoretical analysis, based on the soliton picture and assumption of Gamma(Theta+) < 5 MeV, shows that most probably Gamma(N*) < 30 MeV. Similar analysis for Xi3/2 predicts its width to be not more than about 10 MeV. Our results suggest several directions for experimental studies that may clarify properties of the antidecuplet baryons, and structure of their mixing with other baryons.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures. Title of paper changed. Additional references added. Theoretical analysis modified by lifting the assumption of equal strength 8->8 and 10*->10* transitions. All qualitative results unchanged
Atomically-precise engineering of spin-orbit polarons in a kagome magnetic Weyl semimetal
Creators: name: Chen, Hui
name: Xing, Yuqing
name: Tan, Hengxin
name: Huang, Li
name: Zheng, Qi
name: Huang, Zihao
name: Han, Xianghe
name: Hu, Bin
name: Ye, Yuhan
name: Li, Yan
name: Xiao, Yao
name: Lei, Hechang
name: Qiu, Xianggang
name: Liu, Enke
name: Yang, Haitao
name: Wang, Ziqiang
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Gao, Hong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomically-precise engineering of defects in topological quantum materials, which is essential for constructing new artificial quantum materials with exotic properties and appealing for practical quantum applications, remains challenging due to the hindrances in modifying complex lattice with atomic precision. Here, we report the atomically-precise engineering of the vacancy-localized spin-orbital polarons (SOP) in a kagome magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, using scanning tunneling microscope. We achieve the step-by-step repairing of the selected vacancies, which results in the formation of artificial sulfur vacancy with elaborate geometry. We find that that the bound states localized around the vacancies experience a symmetry-dependent energy shift towards Fermi level with increasing vacancy size. Strikingly, as vacancy size increases, the localized magnetic moments of SOPs are tunable and ultimately extended to the negative magnetic moments resulting from spin-orbit coupling in the kagome flat band. These findings establish a new platform for engineering atomic quantum states in topological quantum materials, offering potential for kagome-lattice-based spintronics and quantum technologies.
Shadows and strong gravitational lensing: a brief review
Creators: name: Cunha, Pedro V. P.
name: Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For ultra compact objects (UCOs), Light Rings (LRs) and Fundamental Photon Orbits (FPOs) play a pivotal role in the theoretical analysis of strong gravitational lensing effects, and of BH shadows in particular. In this short review, specific models are considered to illustrate how FPOs can be useful in order to understand some non-trivial gravitational lensing effects. This paper aims at briefly overviewing the theoretical foundations of these effects, touching also some of the related phenomenology, both in General Relativity (GR) and alternative theories of gravity, hopefully providing some intuition and new insights for the underlying physics, which might be critical when testing the Kerr black hole hypothesis.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures; Review paper in the General Relativity and Gravitation (GRG) Topical Collection "Testing the Kerr spacetime with gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations" (Guest Editor: Emanuele Berti); v2: Typo corrected and two references added
Eliminating Definitions and Skolem Functions in First-Order Logic
Creators: name: Avigad, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: In any classical first-order theory that proves the existence of at least two elements, one can eliminate definitions with a polynomial bound on the increase in proof length. In any classical first-order strong enough to code finite functions, including sequential theories, one can also eliminate Skolem functions with a polynomial bound on the increase in proof length.
Eliminating Definitions and Skolem Functions in First-Order Logic
Creators: name: Avigad, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: From proofs in any classical first-order theory that proves the existence of at least two elements, one can eliminate definitions in polynomial time. From proofs in any classical first-order theory strong enough to code finite functions, including sequential theories, one can also eliminate Skolem functions in polynomial time.
Velocity and hierarchical spread of epidemic outbreaks in scale-free networks
Creators: name: Barthelemy, Marc
name: Barrat, Alain
name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
name: Vespignani, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the effect of the connectivity pattern of complex networks on the propagation dynamics of epidemics. The growth time scale of outbreaks is inversely proportional to the network degree fluctuations, signaling that epidemics spread almost instantaneously in networks with scale-free degree distributions. This feature is associated with an epidemic propagation that follows a precise hierarchical dynamics. Once the highly connected hubs are reached, the infection pervades the network in a progressive cascade across smaller degree classes. The present results are relevant for the development of adaptive containment strategies.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, final version
title: Development of TLX Agonist Chemical Tools
Creators: name: Hank, Emily
name: Merk, Daniel
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für Pharmazie
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 615
subject: 610

description: TLX (NR2E1), the human homologue of Drosophila tailless, is an orphan nuclear receptor (NR) mainly expressed in neural stem cells (NCS) and essential for their homeostasis. Deficits in NSC self-renewal and diminished behavioral control observed in TLX knockout rodents together with other links to neurodegenerative disorders have evoked interest in TLX as a pharmacological target. Since the proof of its druggability, several fragment ligands have been identified and enabled the development of a lead TLX agonist by fragment fusion. Here we report systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) elucidation of this lead compound. Structural alteration and simplification helped to identify key moieties of the original framework as critical for TLX affinity and agonism. Further SAR studies revealed equally potent carboxylic amide substituents with improved TLX activation efficacy, presented by a stronger repressor activity (lower relative reporter activity) of TLX in a Gal4 hybrid reporter gene assay setup. Combination of optimized motifs from parallel approaches resulted in chemically diverse structures with nanomolar potency and binding affinity to the TLX ligand-binding domain. Overall, we report a set of orthogonally validated TLX agonists that have been studied regarding their NR selectivity, cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties to demonstrate their qualification as chemical tools for target identification and validation studies.
Black-hole event horizons-Teleology and Predictivity
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Swastik
name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General Relativity predicts the existence of black-holes. Access to the complete space-time manifold is required to describe the black-hole. This feature necessitates that black-hole dynamics is specified by future or teleological boundary condition. Here we demonstrate that the statistical mechanical description of black-holes, the raison d'etre behind the existence of black-hole thermodynamics, requires teleological boundary condition. Within the fluid-gravity paradigm --- Einstein's equations when projected on space-time horizons resemble Navier-Stokes equation of a fluid --- we show that the specific heat and the coefficient of bulk viscosity of the horizon-fluid are negative only if the teleological boundary condition is taken into account. We argue that in a quantum theory of gravity, the future boundary condition plays a crucial role. We briefly discuss the possible implications of this at late stages of black-hole evaporation.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; Accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters A
title: Functionalized PAN Membranes: Tackling Fouling in Water Purification Systems
Creators: name: Friedrich, Timo
name: Maison, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für Pharmazie
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 615
subject: 610

description: Access to clean drinking water is a critical global challenge due to contamination with industrial effluents, drugs, and pathogens. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes are widely used for water purification, but their susceptibility to fouling limits efficiency and lifespan. In this study, a sustainable and efficient UV-grafting process was employed to modify PAN membranes, to achieve antifouling and antimicrobial properties. Cationic and zwitterionic methacrylate-based monomers, including ammonium, ammonium alcohol, N-oxide, carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, and phosphobetaine groups, were grafted onto the membrane surface using photoinitiators such as bisacylphosphine oxide (BAPO) and lithium acylphosphinate (LAP). The modified membranes were characterized using FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDX, AFM, zeta potential analysis, permeability testing, molecular weight cut-off measurements, dye adsorption assays, porosity, and pore size analysis. Microbiological evaluation revealed antifouling properties and/or antimicrobial activity depending on the immobilized functional polymer. These findings demonstrate the potential of UV-grafted PAN membranes to mitigate fouling and extend membrane longevity, offering a green and efficient solution for sustainable drinking water treatment.
Vacuum Brane and the Bulk Dynamics in Dilatonic Brane World
Creators: name: Ochiai, H.
name: Sato, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of vacuum brane and the bulk in dilatonic brane world. We present exact dynamical solutions which describe the vacuum dilatonic brane world. We find that the solution has initial singularity and singularity at spatial infinity.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Comparison of ELF-EMFs stimulation with current stimulation on the regulation of LTP of SC-CA1 synapses in young rat hippocampus
Creators: name: Zheng, Yu
name: Zhao, Wenjun
name: Ma, Xiaoxu
name: Dong, Lei
name: Tian, Lei
name: Zhou, Mei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an important functional indicator for studying synaptic plasticity. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) are a physical means to regulate LTP. Time-varying magnetic fields induce induced currents. It is unknown which of the two parameters is the key factor when LTP is regulated by the magnetic field. New Method: A method is proposed for calculating the current value induced by ELF-EMFs. Then, a comparison of ELF-EMFs stimulation (100 Hz/2 mT and 200 Hz/2 mT) with current stimulation (0.1 μA and 0.2 μA) on the regulation of theta-burst or high-frequency stimulation (TBS/HFS)-LTP was performed. The LTP after ELF-EMFs and μA current regulation was significantly reduced compared with the corresponding value in the control group. The regulatory effect of 100 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMFs on LTP was stronger than 200 Hz/2 mT. However, the regulatory level of the currents (0.1 μA, 0.2 μA) was similar; the effect of 0.1 μA current was similar to that of 100 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMFs, while 0.2 μA had a stronger regulatory effect than that of 200 Hz/2 mT on HFS-LTP. Comparison with Existing Methods: Most of the existing methods were used to calculate the induced current in human models, while a calculation model of the induced current in the rat brain slice induced by ELF-EMFs was established in this work, which is more accurate than the existing methods. This work demonstrated that both current and ELF EMFs stimulation reduced LTP. However, their effect was not exactly the same, indicating that the regulatory effect of ELF-EMFs on LTP is not entirely deriving from the induced current, since its magnetic mechanism might have played a certain role.
Superconducting Arcs
Creators: name: Kuibarov, Andrii
name: Suvorov, Oleksandr
name: Vocaturo, Riccardo
name: Fedorov, Alexander
name: Lou, Rui
name: Merkwitz, Luise
name: Voroshnin, Vladimir
name: Facio, Jorge I.
name: Koepernik, Klaus
name: Yaresko, Alexander
name: Shipunov, Grigoriy
name: Aswartham, Saicharan
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Borisenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An essential ingredient for the production of Majorana fermions that can be used for quantum computing is the presence of topological superconductivity. As bulk topological superconductors remain elusive, the most promising approaches exploit proximity-induced superconductivity making systems fragile and difficult to realize. Weyl semimetals due to their intrinsic topology belong to potential candidates too, but search for Majorana fermions has always been connected with the superconductivity in the bulk, leaving the possibility of intrinsic superconductivity of the Fermi surface arcs themselves practically without attention, even from the theory side.Here, by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab-initio calculations, we unambiguously identify topological Fermi arcs on two opposing surfaces of the non-centrosymmetric Weyl material PtBi2. We show that these states become superconducting at different temperatures around 10K. Remarkably, the corresponding coherencepeaks appear as the strongest and sharpest excitations ever detected by photoemission from solids, suggesting significant technological relevance. Our findings indicate that topological superconductivity in PtBi2 occurs exclusively at the surface, which not only makes it an ideal platform to host Majorana fermions, but may also lead to a unique quantum phase - an intrinsic topological SNS Josephson junction.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures and Supplementary Information
Elaboration in Dependent Type Theory
Creators: name: Moura, Leonardo De
name: Avigad, Jeremy
name: Soonho  Kong
name: Roux, Cody
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: To be usable in practice, interactive theorem provers need to provide convenient and efficient means of writing expressions, definitions, and proofs. This involves inferring information that is often left implicit in an ordinary mathematical text, and resolving ambiguities in mathematical expressions. We refer to the process of passing from a quasi-formal and partially-specified expression to a completely precise formal one as elaboration. We describe an elaboration algorithm for dependent type theory that has been implemented in the Lean theorem prover. Lean’s elaborator supports higher-order unification, type class inference, ad hoc overloading, insertion of coercions, the use of tactics, and the computational reduction of terms. The interactions between these components are subtle and complex, and the elaboration algorithm has been carefully designed to balance efficiency and usability. We describe the central design goals, and the means by which they are achieved.
Coulomb blockade and Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in quantum dots
Creators: name: Anders, Frithjof B.
name: Lebanon, Eran
name: Schiller, Avraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Fermi-liquid properties of an ultrasmall quantum dot coupled to a lead and to a quantum box are investigated. Tuning the ratio of the tunneling amplitudes to the lead and box, we find a line of two-channel Kondo fixed points for arbitrary Coulomb repulsion on the dot, governing the transition between two distinct Fermi-liquid regimes. The Fermi liquids are characterized by different values of the conductance. For an asymmetric dot, spin and charge degrees of freedom are entangled: a continuous transition from a spin to a charge two-channel Kondo effect evolves. The crossover temperature to the two-channel Kondo effect is greatly enhanced away from the local-moment regime, making this exotic effect accessible in realistic quantum-dot devices.
description: 5 figures
Entanglement Distribution Statistic in Andreev Billiards
Creators: name: Ramos, J. G. G. S.
name: Macedo-Junior, A. F.
name: Barbosa, A. L. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate statistical aspects of the entanglement production for open chaotic mesoscopic billiards in contact with superconducting parts, known as Andreev billiards. The complete distributions of concurrence and entanglement of formation are obtained by using the Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes of circular ensembles of scattering matrices, which complements previous studies in chaotic universal billiards belonging to other classes of random matrix theory. Our results show a unique and very peculiar behavior: the realization of entanglement in a Andreev billiard always results in non-separable state, regardless of the time reversal symmetry. The analytical calculations are supported by a numerical Monte Carlo simulation.
description: 6 pages, 4 figues, Accepted to be published
Branching Exponents of Synthetic Vascular Trees under Different Optimality Principles
Creators: name: Jessen, Etienne
name: Steinbach, Marc C.
name: Debbaut, Charlotte
name: Schillinger, Dominik
Publisher: name: New York, NY : IEEE
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Blood
subject: branching exponents
subject: Electron tubes
subject: Fåhræs–Lindqvist effect
subject: human liver
subject: Liver
subject: Minimization
subject: Murray's law
subject: Optimization
subject: synthetic vascular trees
subject: vascular corrosion cast
subject: Vegetation
subject: Viscosity
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Objective: The branching behavior of vascular trees is often characterized using Murray's law. We investigate its validity using synthetic vascular trees generated under global optimization criteria. Methods: Our synthetic tree model does not incorporate Murray's law explicitly. Instead, we show that its validity depends on properties of the optimization model and investigate the effects of different physical constraints and optimization goals on the branching exponent that is now allowed to vary locally. In particular, we include variable blood viscosity due to the Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect and enforce an equal pressure drop between inflow and the micro-circulation. Using our global optimization framework, we generate vascular trees with over one million terminal vessels and compare them against a detailed corrosion cast of the portal venous tree of a human liver. Results: Murray's law is fulfilled when no additional constraints are enforced, indicating its validity in this setting. Variable blood viscosity or equal pressure drop lead to different optima but with the branching exponent inside the experimentally predicted range between 2.0 and 3.0. The validation against the corrosion cast shows good agreement from the portal vein down to the venules. Conclusion: Not enforcing Murray's law increases the predictive capabilities of synthetic vascular trees, and in addition reduces the computational cost. Significance: The ability to study optimal branching exponents across different scales can improve the functional assessment of organs.
Microplastic retention in marine vegetation canopies under breaking irregular waves
Creators: name: Kerpen, Nils B.
name: Larsen, Bjarke Eltard
name: Schlurmann, Torsten
name: Paul, Maike
name: Guler, Hasan Gokhan
name: Goral, Koray Deniz
name: Carstensen, Stefan
name: Christensen, Erik Damgaard
name: Fuhrman, David R.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Canopy density
subject: Canopy flow
subject: Particle Dean number
subject: Particle retention
subject: Particle transport
subject: Submerged canopy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: The present study provides indications and underlying drivers of wave-induced transport and retention potential of microplastic particles (MP) in marine vegetation canopies having different densities. The anthropogenic occurrence of MP in coastal waters is well documented in the recent literature. It is acknowledged that coastal vegetation can serve as a sink for MP due to its energy dissipating features, which can mimic a novel ecosystem service. While the transport behavior of MP in vegetation has previously been investigated to some extent for stationary flow conditions, fundamental investigations for unsteady surf zone flow conditions under irregular waves are still lacking. Herein, we demonstrate by means of hydraulic model tests that a vegetation's retention potential of MP in waves increases with the vegetation shoot density, the MP settling velocity and decreasing wave energy. It is found that particles migrating by traction (predominantly in contact with the bed) are trapped in the wake regions around a canopy, whereas suspended particles are able to pass vegetated areas more easily. Very dense canopies can also promote the passage of MP with diameters larger than the plant spacing, as the canopies then show characteristics of a solid sill and avoid particle penetration. The particle migration ability through a marine vegetation canopy is quantified, and the key drivers are described by an empirical expression based on the particle settling velocity, the canopy length and density. The findings of this study may contribute to improved prediction and assessment of MP accumulation hotspots in vegetated coastal areas and, thus, may help in tracing MP sinks. Such knowledge can be considered a prerequisite to develope methods or new technologies to recover plastic pollutants and rehabilitate valuable coastal environments.
Three-body model for the complete fusion of a two-cluster composite projectile with a heavy target
Creators: name: Hussein, M. S.
name: Carlson, B. V.
name: Frederico, T.
name: Tarutina, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to show that within a three-body description, the complete fusion process and the target excitation by the projectile can be taken into account by introducing a three-body optical potential in the formalism. We give a schematic description of such a potential and points to ways of testing the validity of the CDCC.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures Proceedings of the International Conference on Clustering Aspects of Nuclear Structure and Dynamics (CLUSTER'03)
Autophagy impairment mediated by S-nitrosation of ATG4B leads to neurotoxicity in response to hyperglycemia
Creators: name: Li, Yazi
name: Zhang, Yuying
name: Wang, Lei
name: Wang, Ping
name: Xue, Yanhong
name: Li, Xiaopeng
name: Qiao, Xinhua
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Xu, Tao
name: Liu, Guanghui
name: Li, Peng
name: Chen, Chang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: The majority of diabetic patients develop neuropathy and there is an increasing prevalence of neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism behind this is poorly understood. Here we first observed that macroautophagy/autophagy was suppressed in the hippocampus of diabetic GK rats with hyperglycemia, whereas it was unchanged in ob/ob mice without hyperglycemia. Autophagy could be directly inhibited by high glucose in mouse primary hippocampal neurons. Moreover, autophagy was protective in high-glucose-induced neurotoxicity. Further studies revealed that autophagic flux was suppressed by high glucose due to impaired autophagosome synthesis illustrated by mRFP-GFP-LC3 puncta analysis. We showed that decreased autophagy was dependent on NO produced under high glucose conditions. Therefore, (LC-MS/MS)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of protein S-nitrosation was performed and a core autophagy protein, ATG4B was found to be S-nitrosated in the hippocampus of GK rats. ATG4B was also verified to be S-nitrosated in neuronal cells cultured with high glucose. The activities of ATG4B in the processing of unmodified, precursor Atg8-family proteins and in the deconjugation of PE from lipidated Atg8-family proteins, which are essential for efficient autophagosome biogenesis were both compromised by S-nitrosation at Cys189 and Cys292 sites. In addition, ATG4B processing of the GABARAPL1 precursor was affected the least by S-nitrosation compared with other substrates. Finally, ATG4B S-nitrosation was verified to be responsible for decreased autophagy and neurotoxicity in response to high glucose. In conclusion, autophagy impairment mediated by S-nitrosation of ATG4B leads to neurotoxicity in response to hyperglycemia. Our research reveals a novel mechanism linking hyperglycemia with CNS neurotoxicity and shows that S-nitrosation is a novel post-transcriptional modification of the core autophagy machinery.
Adaptive inspection planning – Consideration of uncertainties in machining
Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheiten in der Zerspanung : Adaptive Prüfplanung
Creators: name: Denkena, Berend
name: Wichmann, Marcel
name: Reuter, Leon
Publisher: name: Düsseldorf : VDI Fachmedien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Surface roughness
subject: Uncertainty analysis
subject: Adaptive tests
subject: Data driven
subject: Inspection planning
subject: CAQ
subject: Qualitätsmanagement
subject: Qualitätssicherung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Data-driven prediction models are the core of adaptive test planning, but always have a model-based prediction error. For a reliable interpretation of the prediction result, the modeling of the associated uncertainty is of particu-lar importance. Therefore, this paper presents an approach for uncertainty modeling of the surface roughness Ra of 3-axis milled aluminum workpieces, whereby a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability of 92% can be achieved.
description: Datengetriebene Prognosemodelle sind der Kern einer adaptiven Prüfplanung, besitzen jedoch stets einen modellbasierten Prognosefehler. Zur zuverlässigen Interpretation des Vorhersageergebnisses ist daher die Modellierung der einhergehenden Unsicherheit von besonderer Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag werden drei Ansätze zur Unsicherheitsmodellierung der Oberflächenrauheit 3-achsig gefräster Werkstücke aus Aluminium vorgestellt, wobei eine hohe Erfassungswahrscheinlichkeit von 92 % erzielt werden kann.
A violência simbólica sofrida por mulheres sob privação de liberdade: uma revisão de literatura
Creators: name: De Sousa Barros, Bruna Moreira Pinto
name: De Paula Pereira, Thayná
name: De Lima Acioli Neto, Manoel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Violência
Mulheres apenadas
Violência simbólica
Sistema prisional
Direitos humanos

description: A construção do presente estudo se desenvolveu com o propósito de averiguar a
 violência simbólica sofrida por mulheres sob privação de liberdade, no que tange aos
 aspectos concernentes à sexualidade, danos psicológicos e constituição da
 subjetividade. Para o delineamento da perquirição foram realizadas as seguintes
 etapas: leitura exploratória; leitura seletiva e escolha do material pertinente ao tema
 abordado; leitura analítica e análise dos textos, concluindo com uma leitura
 interpretativa e produção escrita. Mediante aos estudos realizados, constatou-se
 uma precariedade no modelo punitivo vigente representado pelo encarceramento, no
 que concerne a ausência de uma infraestrutura adequada que atenda às
 necessidades do gênero feminino; tratamento inadequado por parte da equipe
 multiprofissional; falta de um olhar isento de julgamentos associados, principalmente,
 à questão de gênero, que interfere no modo como essas mulheres vivenciam a sua
 sexualidade, bem como a maternidade. Ademais, observou-se que a junção desses
 fatores pode culminar em um processo de perpetuação da violência, seja ela física,
 moral ou psicológica no ambiente carcerário
Outcome Separation Logic: Local Reasoning for Correctness and Incorrectness with Computational Effects
Creators: name: Zilberstein, Noam
name: Saliling, Angelina
name: Silva, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Separation logic's compositionality and local reasoning properties have led to significant advances in scalable static analysis. But program analysis has new challenges -- many programs display computational effects and, orthogonally, static analyzers must handle incorrectness too. We present Outcome Separation Logic (OSL), a program logic that is sound for both correctness and incorrectness reasoning in programs with varying effects. OSL has a frame rule -- just like separation logic -- but uses different underlying assumptions that open up local reasoning to a larger class of properties than can be handled by any single existing logic.
 Building on this foundational theory, we also define symbolic execution algorithms that use bi-abduction to derive specifications for programs with effects. This involves a new tri-abduction procedure to analyze programs whose execution branches due to effects such as nondeterministic or probabilistic choice. This work furthers the compositionality promised by separation logic by opening up the possibility for greater reuse of analysis tools across two dimensions: bug-finding vs verification in programs with varying effects.
Quantum limits of parameter estimation in long-baseline imaging
Creators: name: Sajjad, Aqil
name: Grace, Michael R
name: Guha, Saikat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distributed aperture telescopes are a well-established approach for boosting resolution in astronomical imaging. However, theoretical limits on quantitative imaging precision, and the fundamentally best possible beam-combining and detection schemes to use with such arrays, remain largely unexplored. Using mathematical tools of the quantum and classical Cramer-Rao bounds, we perform analyses showing the fundamental origins of the enhancement provided by distributed imaging systems, over and above a single monolithic telescope, and consider the precision with which one can estimate any desired parameter embedded in a scene's incoherent radiation with a multi-aperture imaging system. We show how quantum-optimal measurements can be realized via beam-combination strategies of two classes: (1) multi-axial: where light from different apertures is directed to a common focal plane, e.g., of a segmented-aperture telescope; and (2) co-axial: where light collected at each aperture, e.g., telescope sites of a long-baseline array, is routed to an optical interferometer. As an example, we show an explicit calculation of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for estimating the angular separation between two-point emitters using two identical apertures separated by a baseline distance. We show that this QFI splits instructively into additive contributions from the single apertures and from the baseline. We quantify the relative benefits of intra-telescope (e.g., spatial-mode) optical processing and inter-telescope beam combination. We show how both receiver designs can capture both sources of information and discuss how similar methods could be extended to more general imaging tasks. We discuss translating QFI-attaining measurements to explicit receiver designs, and the use of pre-shared entanglement to achieve the QFI when it is impractical to co-locate and combine light collected by the apertures.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
A search for Jovian-mass planets around CM Draconis using eclipse minima timing
Creators: name: Deeg, H. J.
name: Doyle, L. R.
name: Kozhevnikov, V. P.
name: Blue, J. E.
name: Martin, E. L.
name: Schneider, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the eclipsing binary system CM Draconis, eclipse minimum times have been monitored with high precision between 1994 and 1999. Periodic deviations of minimum times from a linear ephemeris may indicate the presence of an orbiting third body. Individual measurements of 41 eclipse minimum times result in a standard deviation from linear ephemeris of 5.74 seconds. A power spectral analysis of the residuals reveals only one periodicity with more then 2 seconds amplitude. This feature, with a periodicity between 750 and 1050 days has an amplitude of 2.8+-0.5 seconds, and is also present with similar phases if the power spectral analysis is performed independently for primary and secondary eclipses. It would be compatible with a planet of 1.5-3 Jupiter masses at an orbital distance of 1.1-1.45 AU to the binary barycenter. The assignation of a planet to the CM Dra system can however only be upheld if this periodicity can be followed in future observations for several years. For low-mass eclipsing binary stars, the method of eclipse minimum timing allows one to reach mass limits for the detection of third bodies well below that feasible by radial velocity measurements.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Update on 2 may 2000: following referee comments added figure for powerspectra phase, elaborate on precision of ephemeris, fixed typos
Hot Nuclear Matter in Asymmetry Chiral Sigma Model
Creators: name: Sahu, P. K.
name: Jha, T. K.
name: Panda, K. C.
name: Patra, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the frame work of SU(2) chiral sigma model, the nuclear matter properties at zero and finite temperature have been investigated. We have analyzed the nuclear matter equation of state by varying different parameters, which agrees well with the one derived from the heavy-ion collision experiment at extreme densities and reliable realistic(DBHF) model at low density region. We have then calculated the temperature dependent asymmetric nuclear matter, also investigated the critical temperature of liquid gas phase transition and compared with the experimental data. We found that the critical temperature in our model is in the range of 14-20 MeV.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Nuclear Physics A