cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anomalous shift and optical vorticity in the steady photovoltaic current
Creators: name: Zhu, Penghao
name: Alexandradinata, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Steady illumination of a non-centrosymmetric semiconductor results in a bulk photovoltaic current, which is contributed by real-space displacements (`shifts') of charged quasiparticles as they transit between Bloch states. The shift induced by interband excitation via absorption of photons has received the prevailing attention. However, this excitation-induced shift can be far outweighed ($\ll$) by the shift induced by intraband relaxation, or by the shift induced by radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs. This outweighing ($\ll$) is attributed to (i) time-reversal-symmetric, intraband Berry curvature, which results in an anomalous shift of quasiparticles as they scatter with phonons, as well as to (ii) topological singularities in the interband Berry phase (`optical vortices'), which makes the photovoltaic current extraordinarily sensitive to the linear polarization vector of the light source. Both (i-ii) potentially lead to nonlinear conductivities of order $mAV^{-2}$, without finetuning of the incident radiation frequency, band gap, or joint density of states. A case study of BiTeI showcases the anomalous shift and optical vorticity in a realistic material.
description: 22+55 pages, 10+9 Figures; We touched up a few derivations, presented a more nuanced discussion of potential solar cell applications in v2; We presented a Chern-vorticity theorem that relates optical vortices and Chern numbers, and a case study on BiTeI in v3; In v4, we presented more discussion about photovoltaic effect in BiTeI
Robust asymptotic entanglement under multipartite collective dephasing
Creators: name: Carnio, Edoardo G.
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
name: Gessner, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an analytic solution for the ensemble-averaged collective dephasing dynamics of $N$ noninteracting atoms in a fluctuating homogeneous external field. The obtained Kraus map is used to specify families of states whose entanglement properties are preserved at all times under arbitrary field orientations, even for states undergoing incoherent evolution. Our results apply to arbitrary spectral distributions of the field fluctuations.
description: 7 pages (incl. Supplementary Materials), 3 figures
X-ray hardening preceding the onset of SGR 1935+2154's radio pulsar phase
Creators: name: Wang, Pei
name: Li, Jian
name: Ji, Long
name: Hou, Xian
name: Gugercinoglu, Erbil
name: Li, Di
name: Torres, Diego F.
name: Chen, Yutong
name: Niu, Jiarui
name: Zhu, Weiwei
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Liang, En-wei
name: Zhang, Li
name: Ge, Mingyu
name: Dai, Zigao
name: Lin, Lin
name: Han, Jinlin
name: Feng, Yi
name: Niu, Chenhui
name: Zhang, Yongkun
name: Zhou, Dengjiang
name: Xu, Heng
name: Zhang, Chunfeng
name: Jiang, Jinchen
name: Miao, Chenchen
name: Yuan, Mao
name: Wang, Weiyang
name: Yue, Youling
name: Wu, Yunsheng
name: Wang, Yabiao
name: Wang, Chengjie
name: Gan, Zhenye
name: Li, Yuxi
name: Sun, Zhongyi
name: Chi, Mingmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetars are neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields, frequently powering high-energy activity in X-rays. Pulsed radio emission following some X-ray outbursts have been detected (\citealt{Camilo2006,camilo2007a}), albeit its physical origin is unclear. It has long been speculated that the origin of magnetars' radio signals is different from those from canonical pulsars, although convincing evidence is still lacking. Five months after magnetar SGR 1935+2154's X-ray outburst and its associated Fast Radio Burst (FRB) 20200428, a radio pulsar phase was discovered. Here we report the discovery of X-ray spectral hardening associated with the emergence of periodic radio pulsations from SGR 1935+2154 and a detailed analysis of the properties of the radio pulses. The observations suggest that radio emission originates from the outer magnetosphere of the magnetar, and the surface heating due to the bombardment of inward-going particles from the radio emission region is responsible for the observed X-ray spectral hardening.
description: 40 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables; Accepted by ApJS, 2024
The equilibrium view on dust and metals in galaxies: Galactic outflows drive low dust-to-metal ratios in dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Feldmann, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most galaxy evolution simulations as well as a variety of observational methods assume a linear scaling between the (galaxy-averaged) dust-to-gas ratio D and metallicity Z of the interstellar medium (ISM). Indeed, nearby galaxies with solar or moderately sub-solar metallicities clearly follow this trend albeit with significant scatter. However, a growing number of observations show that the linear scaling breaks down for metal-poor galaxies (Z<0.2 Z_sun), highlighting the need for a more sophisticated modeling of the dust-to-metal ratio of galaxies. Here we study the co-evolution of dust and metal abundances in galaxies with the help of a dynamical, one-zone model that incorporates dust formation and destruction processes in addition to gas inflows, outflows, and metal enrichment. The dynamical model is consistent with various observational constraints, including the stellar mass -- metallicity relation, the stellar mass -- halo mass relation, and the observed Z -- D relation for both metal-poor and metal-rich galaxies. The functional form of the Z -- D relation follows from a basic equilibrium ansatz, similar to the ideas used previously to model the stellar mass -- metallicity relation. Galactic outflows regulate the inflow rate of gas from the cosmic web for galaxies of a given star formation rate. The mass loading factor of outflows thus dictates the rate at which the dust and metal content of the ISM is diluted. The stellar mass dependence of the mass loading factor drives the evolution of metallicities, dust-to-gas ratios, and dust-to-metal ratios in galaxies.
description: MNRAS in press, revision matches published version
Assessment of North Carolina Primary Care Providers’ Interest in Clinical Pharmacy Services
Creators: name: Gutierrez Euceda, Belyin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Various clinical pharmacy services exist to improve the health outcomes of patients. However, there are numerous barriers to their implementation and execution, especially in outpatient settings. As pharmacists design and implement clinical pharmacy services in outpatient settings, they often do not consider the needs of providers until after service development. The purpose of this study was to assess primary care providers’ (PCPs’) perceptions of clinical pharmacy services and their clinical pharmacy support needs. We created a web-based survey that was distributed via email to PCPs across North Carolina (NC). the data analysis consisted of mixed methods – quantitative and qualitative. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic differences within each phase as well as the ranking of medication classes/disease states by providers. The response rate of the survey was 19.7%. Providers with previous experience with a clinical pharmacist rated overall services as positive.The top three medication classes/disease states that providers indicated they would value clinical pharmacy services for were: comprehensive medication management (CMM), diabetes medication management, and anticoagulation medication management. Of the remaining areas assessed, statin and steroid management ranked the lowest. The results from this study demonstrated clinical pharmacy services are valued by PCPs. It also highlighted how pharmacists can best contribute to collaborative care in outpatient settings. As pharmacists we should aim to implement the clinical pharmacy services that PCPs would value most.
Visualizing the Localized Electrons of a Kagome Flat Band
Creators: name: Chen, Caiyun
name: Zheng, Jiangchang
name: Yu, Ruopeng
name: Sankar, Soumya
name: Po, Hoi Chun
name: Law, Kam Tuen
name: Jäck, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Destructive interference between electron wavefunctions on the two-dimensional (2D) kagome lattice induces an electronic flat band, which could host a variety of interesting many-body quantum states. Key to realize these proposals is to demonstrate the real space localization of kagome flat band electrons. In particular, the extent to which the often more complex lattice structure and orbital composition of realistic materials counteract the localizing effect of destructive interference, described by the 2D kagome lattice model, is hitherto unknown. We used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to visualize the non-trivial Wannier states of a kagome flat band at the surface of CoSn, a kagome metal. We find that the local density of states associated with the flat bands of CoSn is localized at the center of the kagome lattice, consistent with theoretical expectations for their corresponding Wannier states. Our results show that these states exhibit an extremely small localization length of two to three angstroms concomitant with a strongly renormalized quasiparticle velocity, which is comparable to that of moiré superlattices. Hence, interaction effects in the flat bands of CoSn could be much more significant than previously thought. Our findings provide fundamental insight into the electronic properties of kagome metals and are a key step for future research on emergent many-body states in transition metal based kagome materials.
Incidence, Severity and Management Strategy for Ibrutinib-Associated Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Creators: name: Gleaton, Ashley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Clinical trials demonstrated that ibrutinib was well-tolerated and improved clinical efficacy in adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with an incidence of hypertension (HTN), an adverse drug reaction, ranging from 13% to 21%. With the use of ibrutinib in clinical practice, the incidence of ibrutinib-associated HTN has been more frequent than reported in clinical trials, with an incidence between 35% and 72%. No guidelines exist for the management of ibrutinib-associated HTN. We retrospectively assessed the overall incidence of HTN after 24 weeks of ibrutinib and the average change in blood pressure (BP) relative to baseline in CLL patients. We also evaluated the change in the distribution of BP classification after 24 weeks, the probability of increasing the antihypertensive intensity (e.g., new agent or increased dose) adjusted for mean SBP, and potential complications following ibrutinib-associated HTN. A linear mixed-effects model estimated mean BP over 24 weeks, adjusting for baseline BP and the development of incident, worsened, or stable HTN. A logistic mixed effects model estimated the probability of antihypertensive intensification, adjusting for SBP. The overall incidence of HTN in patients with CLL on ibrutinib for 24 weeks was 68%. The average change in systolic BP continued to increase over the study period reaching a peak of 14-mm Hg at 24 weeks. Patients with Stage 2 HTN increased from 39% at baseline to 55% after 24 weeks. The mean SBP in patients who experience incident or worsened HTN after 24 weeks of ibrutinib therapy compared to patients whose HTN remained stable is 145- and 125-mm Hg, respectively. On average, patients with an SBP less than 165-mmHg had a less than 5% chance of antihypertensive intensification. Potential complications related to uncontrolled HTN are atrial fibrillation (6.3%) and coronary artery disease (3.1%). Following the initiation of ibrutinib in CLL patients, the incidence of incident and worsening HTN was higher than reported in clinical trials. The intensity of antihypertensive therapy was increased in only a subset of patients with ibrutinib-associated HTN within 24 weeks. Given the expected continued use of ibrutinib in the front-line setting against CLL, strategies for therapeutic management of ibrutinib-associated HTN are needed.
Quantum parameter estimation using multi-mode Gaussian states
Creators: name: Šafránek, Dominik
name: Lee, Antony R.
name: Fuentes, Ivette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaussian states are of increasing interest in the estimation of physical parameters because they are easy to prepare and manipulate in experiments. In this article, we derive formulae for the optimal estimation of parameters using two- and multi-mode Gaussian states. As an application of our result, we derive the optimal Gaussian probe states for the estimation of the parameter characterizing a one-mode squeezing channel.
description: 7+4 pages, 1 figure, definition of the covariance matrix corrected, minor comments added
Procoagulant Activity in Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Virchowʼs Triad Revisited
Creators: name: Aleman, Maria M.
name: Wolberg, Alisa S.
name: Machlus, Kellie R.
name: Leiderman, Karin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Virchow’s triad is traditionally invoked to explain pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to thrombosis, alleging concerted roles for abnormalities in blood composition, vessel wall components, and blood flow in the development of arterial and venous thrombosis. Given the tissue-specific bleeding observed in hemophilia patients, it may be instructive to consider the principles of Virchow’s triad when investigating mechanisms operant in hemostatic disorders as well. Blood composition (the function of circulating blood cells and plasma proteins) is the most well-studied component of the triad. For example, increased levels of plasma procoagulant proteins such as prothrombin and fibrinogen are established risk factors for thrombosis, whereas deficiencies in plasma factors VIII and IX result in bleeding (hemophilia A and B, respectively). Vessel wall (cellular) components contribute adhesion molecules that recruit circulating leukocytes and platelets to sites of vascular damage, tissue factor, which provides a procoagulant signal of vascular breach, and a surface upon which coagulation complexes are assembled. Blood flow is often characterized by two key variables: shear rate and shear stress. Shear rate affects several aspects of coagulation, including transport rates of platelets and plasma proteins to and from the injury site, platelet activation, and the kinetics of fibrin monomer formation and polymerization. Shear stress modulates adhesion rates of platelets and expression of adhesion molecules and procoagulant activity on endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. That no one abnormality in any component of Virchow’s triad fully predicts coagulopathy a priori suggests coagulopathies are complex, multifactorial and interactive. In this review, we focus on contributions of blood composition, vascular cells, and blood flow to hemostasis and thrombosis, and suggests cross-talk among the three components of Virchow’s triad is necessary for hemostasis and determines propensity for thrombosis or bleeding. Investigative models that permit interplay among these components are necessary to understand the operant pathophysiology, and effectively treat and prevent thrombotic and bleeding disorders.
μ-Opioid Receptor Gene A118G Polymorphism Predicts Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer
Creators: name: McLean, Samuel A.
name: Millikan, Robert C.
name: Boortz-Marx, Richard L.
name: Bortsov, Andrey V.
name: Arora, Harendra
name: Belfer, Inna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Preclinical studies suggest that opioids may promote tumor growth. Genetic polymorphisms have been shown to affect opioid receptor function and to modify the clinical effects of morphine. In this study we assessed the association between six common polymorphisms in the μ-opioid receptor gene, including the well known A118G polymorphism, and breast cancer survival.
Techniques for multiboson interferometry
Creators: name: Gangadharan, Dhevan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum statistics (QS) correlations of identical bosons are well known to be sensitive to the space-time extent and dynamics of the particle emitting source in high-energy collisions. While two-pion correlations are most often experimentally measured, the QS correlations of three-pions and higher are rarely explored. We present a set of techniques to isolate and analyze 3- and 4-pion QS correlations. In particular, the technique of built correlation functions allows one to more easily study the effects of quantum coherence at finite relative momenta instead of at the unmeasured intercept of correlation functions.
description: 18 pages, 23 figures
Holographic Representation of Higher Spin Gauge Fields
Creators: name: Sarkar, Debajyoti
name: Xiao, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extending the results of \cite{Heem}, \cite{KLRS} on the holographic representation of local gauge field operators in anti de Sitter space, here we construct the bulk operators for higher spin gauge fields in the leading order of $\frac{1}{N}$ expansion. Working in holographic gauge for higher spin gauge fields, we show that gauge field operators with integer spin $s>1$ can be represented by an integration over a ball region, which is the interior region of the spacelike bulk lightcone on the boundary. The construction is shown to be AdS-covariant up to gauge transformations, and the two-point function between higher spin gauge fields and boundary higher spin current exhibit singularities on both bulk and boundary lightcones. We also comment on possible extension to the level of three-point functions and carry out a causal construction for higher spin fields in de Sitter spacetime.
description: Version 2. 22 pages, no figures. Some clarifications, comments and references added over version 1. Journal version
The Effect of Specificity and Presentation of Learning Objectives on Assessment Performance and Expectations
Creators: name: Caddell, Chelsea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess how best to use learning objectives to communicate educational goals to students and make their learning more successful and efficient.

Methods: Nine topics within a course were randomized to either have specific or vague learning objective phrasing; the learning objectives were then actively or passively presented in class. Phrasing specificity was manipulated through choice of verbs and specificity of the assessment. Presentation of learning objectives consisted of degree of explanation during the beginning of the lesson, explicit tying of learning objectives to activities, and summaries of learning objectives at the end of the lesson. For performance, students were quizzed on the topic at minimum 24 hours after each class. For efficiency measures, students were asked how long they studied for the quiz and their degree of expectation for the assessment questions. A survey was conducted at the end of the course to capture general preferences about learning objectives.

Results: When learning objectives were actively or passively presented, there was no difference in student performance or studying time. However, students performed better on the quizzes when they were provided with learning objectives that were specific versus vague. We found students were more likely to expect a quiz question when provided with specific learning objectives.

Conclusions: As opposed to vague, specific learning objectives can increase successful learning. Instructors can promote successful completion of educational goals when students are given a clearer statement about what the goals are in the form of a learning objective.
ZundEig: The Structure of the Proton in Liquid Water From Unsupervised Learning
Creators: name: Di Pino, Solana
name: Donkor, Edward Danquah
name: Sánchez, Verónica M.
name: Rodriguez, Alex
name: Cassone, Giuseppe
name: Scherlis, Damian
name: Hassanali, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of the excess proton in liquid water has been the subject of lively debate from both experimental and theoretical fronts for the last century. Fluctuations of the proton are typically interpreted in terms of limiting states referred to as the Eigen and Zundel species. Here we put these ideas under the microscope taking advantage of recent advances in unsupervised learning that use local atomic descriptors to characterize environments of acidic water combined with advanced clustering techniques. Our agnostic approach leads to the observation of only a single charged cluster and two neutral ones. We demonstrate that the charged cluster involving the excess proton, is best seen as an ionic topological defect in water's hydrogen bond network forming a single local minimum on the global free-energy landscape. This charged defect is a highly fluxional moiety where the idealized Eigen and Zundel species are neither limiting configurations nor distinct thermodynamic states. Instead, the ionic defect enhances the presence of neutral water defects through strong interactions with the network. We dub the combination of the charged and neutral defect clusters as ZundEig demonstrating that the fluctuations between these local environments provide a general framework for rationalizing more descriptive notions of the proton in the existing literature.
Reduced dosing versus full dosing valganciclovir for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus in high-risk abdominal transplant recipients
Creators: name: Kreiser, Maura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection in abdominal transplant recipients (ATR). Prevention of CMV in the highest risk population (CMV IgG donor +/recipient -) is critical as CMV is associated with negative outcomes. Guideline recommended prophylactic valganciclovir dosing is 900 mg daily for six months in this population. However, reduced dosing strategies are utilized in practice.
Methods: This single center, retrospective study in adult ATR compared full valganciclovir prophylactic dosing (900 mg daily for six months) to reduced dosing (900 mg daily for three months, then 450 mg daily for three months). The primary endpoint was incidence of CMV infection with viral load >1000 IU/mL. Secondary endpoints included incidence of CMV infection with viral load 200-1000 IU/mL, neutropenia, and leukopenia.
Results: Incidence of CMV infection with viral load >1000 IU/mL (29% vs 27%, p=1) or CMV infection with viral load 200-1000 IU/mL (6% vs 12%, p=0.421) did not differ significantly between 68 ATR in reduced and full dosing groups, as well as incidence of leukopenia (94% vs 97%, p=1) and neutropenia (77% vs 70%, p=0.586).
Conclusions: There was no difference in the incidence of CMV infection, neutropenia, or leukopenia of the two dosing regimens, although time to CMV diagnosis was different.
Down-regulation of Stargazin Inhibits the Enhanced Surface Delivery of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole Propionate Receptor GluR1 Subunit in Rat Dorsal Horn and Ameliorates Postoperative Pain
Creators: name: Yue, Yun
name: Liu, Yang
name: Zhang, Meijuan
name: Xu, Jie
name: Guo, Ruijuan
name: Shi, Rong
name: Guan, Yun
name: Zhao, Yujie
name: Wang, Yun
name: Wu, Anshi
name: Wang, Yue
name: Wu, Jing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Stargazin is the first transmembrane protein known to regulate synaptic targeting of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. Yet, it is unclear whether regulation of the surface delivery of spinal AMPA receptor subunits by stargazin contributes to postoperative pain development.
Tunneling Theory for Tunable Open Quantum Systems of Ultracold Atoms in One-Dimensional Traps
Creators: name: Lundmark, R.
name: Forssén, C.
name: Rotureau, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The creation of tunable open quantum systems is becoming feasible in current experiments with ultracold atoms in low-dimensional traps. In particular, the high degree of experimental control over these systems allows detailed studies of tunneling dynamics, e.g., as a function of the trapping geometry and the interparticle interaction strength. In order to address this exciting opportunity we present a theoretical framework for two-body tunneling based on the rigged Hilbert space formulation. In this approach, bound, resonant and scattering states are included on an equal footing, and we argue that the coupling of all these components is vital for a correct description of the relevant threshold phenomena. In particular, we study the tunneling mechanism for two-body systems in one-dimensional traps and different interaction regimes. We find a strong dominance of sequential tunneling of single particles for repulsive and weakly attractive systems, while there is a signature of correlated pair tunneling in the calculated many-particle flux for strongly attractive interparticle interaction.
description: To be published in Phys. Rev. A (Rapid Communication)
Theory of interacting topological crystalline insulators
Creators: name: Isobe, Hiroki
name: Fu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of electron interactions in topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) protected by mirror symmetry, which are realized in the SnTe material class and host multi-valley Dirac fermion surface states. We find that interactions reduce the integer classification of noninteracting TCIs in three dimensions, indexed by the mirror Chern number, to a finite group $Z_8$. In particular, we explicitly construct a microscopic interaction Hamiltonian to gap 8 flavors of Dirac fermions on the TCI surface, while preserving the mirror symmetry. Our construction builds on interacting edge states of $U(1)\times Z_2$ symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases of fermions in two dimensions, which we classify. Our work reveals a deep connection between 3D topological phases protected by spatial symmetries and 2D topological phases protected by internal symmetries.
description: v2. 10 pages, 3 figures. Added new materials and improved presentation
Spinning squashed extra dimensions and chiral gauge theory from $\cal{N}=4$ SYM
Creators: name: Steinacker, Harold C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New solutions of $SU(N)$ ${\cal N}=4$ SYM on $\mathbb{R}^4$ interpreted as spinning self-intersecting extra dimensions are discussed. Remarkably, these backgrounds lead to a low-energy sector with 3 generations of chiral fermions coupled to scalar and gauge fields, with standard Lorentz-invariant kinematics. This sector arises from zero modes localized on the rotation axes, which are oblivious to the background rotation. The remaining modes are not described by a Lorentz-invariant field theory and are mostly "heavy", but there is one sextet of tachyonic excitations. Assuming that the latter get stabilized e.g. by quantum effects, we argue that different rotation frequencies would induce a VEV for some of the low-energy scalar fields. We discuss configurations which may lead to a low-energy physics not far from the broken phase of the standard model.
description: 35 pages, one figure. V2: substantial revision, missing constraint incorporated excluding some solutions. V3: fluctuation analysis added, published version
Canonical structure of the E10 model and supersymmetry
Creators: name: Kleinschmidt, Axel
name: Nicolai, Hermann
name: Chidambaram, Nitin K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A coset model based on the hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra E10 has been conjectured to underly eleven-dimensional supergravity and M theory. In this note we study the canonical structure of the bosonic model for finite- and infinite-dimensional groups. In the case of finite-dimensional groups like GL(n) we exhibit a convenient set of variables with Borel-type canonical brackets. The generalisation to the Kac-Moody case requires a proper treatment of the imaginary roots that remains elusive. As a second result, we show that the supersymmetry constraint of D=11 supergravity can be rewritten in a suggestive way using E10 algebra data. Combined with the canonical structure, this rewriting explains the previously observed association of the canonical constraints with null roots of E10. We also exhibit a basic incompatibility between local supersymmetry and the K(E10) `R symmetry', that can be traced back to the presence of imaginary roots and to the unfaithfulness of the spinor representations occurring in the present formulation of the E10 worldline model, and that may require a novel type of bosonisation/fermionisation for its resolution. This appears to be a key challenge for future progress with E10.
description: 1+39 pages. v2: small corrections. Version to appear in PRD
Quantifying the Impact of Cosmological Parameter Uncertainties on Strong Lensing Models With an Eye Toward the Frontier Fields
Creators: name: Bayliss, Matthew B.
name: Sharon, Keren
name: Johnson, Traci
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the effects of varying the cosmological parameter values used in the strong lens modeling process for the six Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) galaxy clusters. The standard procedure for generating high fidelity strong lens models includes careful consideration of uncertainties in the output models that result from varying model parameters within the bounds of available data constraints. It is not, however, common practice to account for the effects of cosmological parameter value uncertainties. The convention is to instead use a single fiducial "concordance cosmology" and generate lens models assuming zero uncertainty in cosmological parameter values. We find that the magnification maps of the individual HFF clusters vary significantly when lens models are computed using different cosmological parameter values taken from recent literature constraints from space- and ground-based experiments. Specifically, the magnification maps have average variances across the best fit models computed using different cosmologies that are comparable in magnitude to - and as much as 2.5 times larger than - the model fitting uncertainties in each best fit model. We also find that estimates of the mass profiles of the cluster cores themselves vary only slightly when different input cosmological parameters are used. We conclude that cosmological parameter uncertainty is a non-negligible source of uncertainty in lens model products for the HFF clusters, and that it is important that current and future work which relies on precision strong lensing models take care to account for this additional source of uncertainty.
description: 6p, 4 Figures 1 Table, ApJL published
Novel Molecular Targets of Dezocine and Their Clinical Implications
Creators: name: Huang, Xi-Ping
name: Xi, Jin
name: Yeliseev, Alexei
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Liu, Renyu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: While dezocine is a partial mu opioid receptor agonist, it is not a controlled substance. Thus, the characterization of the molecular targets of dezocine is critical for scientific and clinical implications. The goal of this study is to characterize molecular targets for dezocine and their implications.
Die Stellung der Laien in der Kirche des Mittelalters
Creators: name: García Y García, Antonio
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 14 Nr. 5 (1985): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 14, Heft 5
Inner isotopes associated with automorphisms of commutative associative algebras
Creators: name: Tkachev, Vladimir G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12E05, 17A01

description: The principal observation of the present paper is that an inner isotopy (i.e. a principal isotopy defined by an algebra endomorphism) is a very helpful instrument in constructing and studying interesting classes of nonassociative algebras. By using methods developed in the paper, we define a new class of commutative nonassociative algebras obtained by inner isotopy from commutative associative polynomial algebras. There is a natural bijection between isomorphism classes of our algebras and integer partitions of the algebra dimensions. Among the interesting features of the nonassociative algebras constructed are that these algebras are generic, some of examples are axial and metrized algebras. We completely describe both the set of algebra idempotents and their spectra.
Operational Intelligence Performance Inferencing Across Business Processes
Creators: name: Rajeev, Kallanthottathil G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Business process intelligence improves operational efficiency that is essential for achieving business objectives, besides facilitating competitive advantage. As an organization is a collection of business processes, operations in one business process do influence or have relationship with other business processes. Consequently, from an operational intelligence standpoint, insights from one business process may have their genesis or implications in the performance of some other business process. This paper outlines a framework to sequence insights in the form of performance inferencing across multiple business processes. The framework logically sequences insights across business processes in the form of business rules. The paper illustrates the concepts through a prototype that is implemented in Oracle’s PL/SQL language.
Continuity Equation for the Flow of Fisher Information in Wave Scattering
Creators: name: Hüpfl, Jakob
name: Russo, Felix
name: Rachbauer, Lukas M.
name: Bouchet, Dorian
name: Lu, Junjie
name: Kuhl, Ulrich
name: Rotter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using waves to explore our environment is a widely used paradigm, ranging from seismology to radar technology, and from bio-medical imaging to precision measurements. In all of these fields, the central aim is to gather as much information as possible about an object of interest by sending a probing wave at it and processing the information delivered back to the detector. Here, we demonstrate that an electromagnetic wave scattered at an object carries locally defined and conserved information about all of the object's constitutive parameters. Specifically, we introduce here the density and flux of Fisher information for very general types of wave fields and identify corresponding sources and sinks of information through which all these new quantities satisfy a fundamental continuity equation. We experimentally verify our theoretical predictions by studying a movable object embedded inside a disordered environment and by measuring the corresponding Fisher information flux at microwave frequencies. Our results provide a new understanding of the generation and propagation of information and open up new possibilities for tracking and designing the flow of information even in complex environments.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, plus a methods section and supplementary material
The suppression of direct collapse black hole formation by soft X-ray irradiation
Creators: name: Inayoshi, Kohei
name: Tanaka, Takamitsu L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei is one of the major unsolved problems in astrophysics. One hypothesis is that they grew from >10^5 M_sun black holes that formed in the `direct collapse' of massive gas clouds that have low concentrations of both metals and molecular hydrogen (H_2). Such clouds could form in the early (z>10) Universe if pre-galactic gas is irradiated by H_2-photodissociating, far-ultraviolet (FUV) light from a nearby star-forming galaxy. In this work, we re-examine the critical FUV flux J_crit that is required to keep H_2 photodissociated and lead to direct collapse. We submit that the same galaxies that putatively supply the extraordinary FUV fluxes required for direct collapse should also produce copious amounts of soft X-rays, which work to offset H_2 photodissociation by increasing the ionization fraction and promoting H_2 formation. Accounting for this effect increases the value of J_crit by a factor of at least 3-10, depending on the brightness temperature of FUV radiation. This enhancement of J_crit suppresses the abundance of potential direct collapse sites at z>10 by several orders of magnitude. Recent studies---without accounting for the soft X-rays from the FUV source galaxies---had already arrived at large values of J_crit that implied that direct collapse may occur too rarely to account for the observed abundance of high-redshift quasars. Our results suggest that J_crit should be even higher than previously estimated, and pose an additional challenge for the direct collapse scenario via strong FUV radiation to explain the high-redshift quasar population.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Asymmetric Oxidative Cation/Olefin Cyclization of Polyenes: Evidence for Reversible Cascade Cyclization
Creators: name: Mullen, Charles A.
name: Campbell, Alison N.
name: Gagné, Michel R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Ag und Pt arbeiten zusammen: Die Aktivierung von [(xylyl-phanephos)PtCl2] durch Silber erzeugt einen elektrophilen Katalysator, der enantio-, diastereo- und regioselektiv die stereospezifische oxidative Cyclisierung von Polyenolen vermittelt (siehe Schema; Tr=Trityl). Mechanistische Experimente lassen darauf schließen, dass der konfigurationsbestimmende Schritt nicht die einleitende Cyclisierung ist, sondern ein Folgeschritt der Reaktion.
Efficient Classical Shadow Tomography through Many-body Localization Dynamics
Creators: name: Zhou, Tian-Gang
name: Zhang, Pengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical shadow tomography serves as a potent tool for extracting numerous properties from quantum many-body systems with minimal measurements. Nevertheless, prevailing methods yielding optimal performance for few-body operators necessitate the application of random two-qubit gates, a task that can prove challenging on specific quantum simulators such as ultracold atomic gases. In this work, we introduce an alternative approach founded on the dynamics of many-body localization, a phenomenon extensively demonstrated in optical lattices. Through an exploration of the shadow norm -- both analytically, employing a phenomenological model, and numerically, utilizing the TEBD algorithm -- we demonstrate that our scheme achieves remarkable efficiency comparable to shallow circuits or measurement-induced criticality, resulting in a significant improvement in the exponential exponent compared to the previous classical shadow protocol. Our findings are corroborated through direct numerical simulations encompassing the entire sampling and reconstruction processes. Consequently, our results present a compelling methodology for analyzing the output states of quantum simulators.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures; appendix 3 pages
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pentasubstituted γ-Butyrolactones from Silyl Glyoxylates and Ketones through a Double Reformatsky Reaction
Creators: name: Greszler, Stephen N.
name: Johnson, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Three contiguous stereocenters can be established with remarkable diastereoselectivity in a double Reformatsky sequence. Densely functionalized gamma-butyrolactones were assembled rapidly by this approach, in which a ketone is used as the terminal electrophile (see scheme). Secondary transformations of the lactone products enhance their synthetic utility. R(1) = Me, H; R(2) = alkyl, aryl, CF(3); Bn = benzyl, TBS = tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
Gravitational Waves from a Particle in Circular Orbits around a Rotating Black Hole to the 11th Post-Newtonian Order
Creators: name: Fujita, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the energy flux of the gravitational waves radiated by a particle of mass $\m$ in circular orbits around a rotating black hole of mass $M$ up to the 11th post-Newtonian order (11PN), i.e. $v^{22}$ beyond the leading Newtonian approximation where $v$ is the orbital velocity of the particle. By comparing the PN results for the energy flux with high precision numerical results in black hole perturbation theory, we find the region of validity in the PN approximation becomes larger with increasing PN orders. If one requires the relative error of the energy flux in the PN approximation to be less than $10^{-5}$, the energy flux at 11PN (4PN) can be used for $v\lessapprox 0.33$ ($v\lessapprox 0.13$). The region of validity can be further extended to $v\lessapprox 0.4$ if one applies a resummation method to the energy flux at 11PN. We then compare the orbital phase during two-year inspiral from the PN results with the high precision numerical results. We find that for late (early) inspirals when $q\le 0.3$ ($q\le 0.9$), where $q$ is the dimensionless spin parameter of the black hole, the difference in the phase is less than 1 ($10^{-4}$) rads and hence these inspirals may be detected in the data analysis for space detectors such as eLISA/NGO by the PN templates. We also compute the energy flux radiated into the event horizon for a particle in circular orbits around a non-rotating black hole at 22.5PN, i.e. $v^{45}$ beyond the leading Newtonian approximation, which is comparable to the PN order derived in our previous work for the energy flux to infinity at 22PN.
description: 31 pages, additional datafiles are available at http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~misao/BHPC/calcs.html
Decarbonizing British Columbia’s building heating and transportation sectors:  Comparing electrification and renewable gas portfolios
Creators: Knittel, Tamara
Lowry, Colton
Rowe, Andrew
Wild, Peter
McPherson, Madeleine
Bryant, Tyler
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
GenSelfDiff-HIS: Generative Self-Supervision Using Diffusion for Histopathological Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Purma, Vishnuvardhan
name: Srinath, Suhas
name: Srirangarajan, Seshan
name: Kakkar, Aanchal
name: P, Prathosh A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Histopathological image segmentation is a laborious and time-intensive task, often requiring analysis from experienced pathologists for accurate examinations. To reduce this burden, supervised machine-learning approaches have been adopted using large-scale annotated datasets for histopathological image analysis. However, in several scenarios, the availability of large-scale annotated data is a bottleneck while training such models. Self-supervised learning (SSL) is an alternative paradigm that provides some respite by constructing models utilizing only the unannotated data which is often abundant. The basic idea of SSL is to train a network to perform one or many pseudo or pretext tasks on unannotated data and use it subsequently as the basis for a variety of downstream tasks. It is seen that the success of SSL depends critically on the considered pretext task. While there have been many efforts in designing pretext tasks for classification problems, there haven't been many attempts on SSL for histopathological segmentation. Motivated by this, we propose an SSL approach for segmenting histopathological images via generative diffusion models in this paper. Our method is based on the observation that diffusion models effectively solve an image-to-image translation task akin to a segmentation task. Hence, we propose generative diffusion as the pretext task for histopathological image segmentation. We also propose a multi-loss function-based fine-tuning for the downstream task. We validate our method using several metrics on two publically available datasets along with a newly proposed head and neck (HN) cancer dataset containing hematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) stained images along with annotations. Codes will be made public at https://github.com/suhas-srinath/GenSelfDiff-HIS.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 2024
Additional file 1: of Lancemaside A, a major triterpene saponin of Codonopsis lanceolata enhances regulation of nitric oxide synthesis via eNOS activation
Creators: name: Lee, Young
name: Kim, HeeEun
name: Jinhye Kim
name: Seol, Geun
name: Kwang-Won Lee
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S1. Determination of lancemaside A (LA) from C. lanceolata. (a) Scheme showing the isolation of LA from C. lanceolata. (b) Thin-layer chromatography, TLC analysis was performed to identify LA in the n-butanol-soluble portion (top panel). Open column was packed with the silica gel fractions (3â  7) eluted by a dichloromethane-methanol solvent gradient (middle panel) and HPLC fractions (27â  29) were separated by a linear gradient of solvent mixtures of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in H2O (TFA, solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) (bottom panel) (DOCX 399 kb)