cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
RELICS: Small Lensed $z\geq5.5$ Galaxies Selected as Potential Lyman Continuum Leakers
Creators: name: Neufeld, Chloe
name: Strait, Victoria
name: Bradač, Maruša
name: Lemaux, Brian C.
name: Coe, Dan
name: Yang, Lilan
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Nonino, Mario
name: Bradley, Larry
name: Sharon, Keren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present size measurements of 78 high-redshift ($z\geq 5.5$) galaxy candidates from the Reionisation Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS). These distant galaxies are well-resolved due to the gravitational lensing power of foreground galaxy clusters, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Spitzer Space Telescope. We compute sizes using the forward-modeling code Lenstruction and account for magnification using public lens models. The resulting size-magnitude measurements confirm the existence of many small galaxies with effective radii $R_{\rm{eff}}<200$ pc in the early universe, in agreement with previous studies. In addition, we highlight compact and highly star-forming sources with star formation rate surface densities $Σ_\text{SFR}>10M_\odot\text{yr}^{-1}\text{kpc}^{-2}$ as possible Lyman continuum leaking candidates that could be major contributors to the process of reionisation. Future spectroscopic follow-up of these compact galaxies (e.g., with the James Webb Space Telescope) will further clarify their role in reionisation and the physics of early star formation.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Endothelial lipases and lipid transfers in the regulation of the particle size distribution of high density lipoproteins
Creators: name: Newnham., Harvey H.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in Fully Integrated pde-Based Hydrological Models
Creators: name: Waldowski, Bastian
name: Sánchez‐León, Emilio
name: Cirpka, Olaf A.
name: Brandhorst, Natascha
name: Hendricks Franssen, Harrie‐Jan
name: Neuweiler, Insa
Publisher: name: [New York] : Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: fully integrated hydrological models
subject: groundwater recharge
subject: parflow-CLM
subject: river-aquifer interactions
subject: surface-subsurface flow
subject: water table fluctuations
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Groundwater recharge is the main forcing of regional groundwater flow. In traditional partial-differential-equation (pde)-based models that treat aquifers as separate compartments, groundwater recharge needs to be defined as a boundary condition or it is a coupling condition to other compartments. Integrated models that treat the vadose and phreatic zones as a continuum allow for a more sophisticated calculation of subsurface fluxes, as feedbacks between both zones are captured. However, they do not contain an explicit groundwater-recharge term so it needs to be estimated by post-processing. Groundwater recharge consists of changes in groundwater storage and of the flux crossing the water table, which can be calculated based on hydraulic gradients. We introduce a method to evaluate the change of groundwater storage by a time-cumulative water balance over the depth section of water table fluctuations, avoiding the use of a specific yield. We demonstrate the approach first by a simple 1-D vertical model that does not allow for lateral outflow and illustrates the ambiguity of computing groundwater recharge by different methods. We then apply the approach to a 3-D model with a complex topography and subsurface structure. The latter example shows that groundwater recharge is highly variable in space and time with notable differences between regional and local estimates. Local heterogeneity of topography or subsurface properties results in complex redistribution patterns of groundwater. In fully integrated models, river-groundwater exchange flow may severely bias the estimate of groundwater recharge. We, therefore, advise masking out groundwater recharge at river locations.
Multi-phase-field microporomechanics model for simulating ice lens growth and thaw in frozen soil
Creators: name: Suh, Hyoung Suk
name: Sun, WaiChing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a multi-phase-field poromechanics model that simulates the growth and thaw of ice lenses and the resultant frozen heave and thaw settlement in multi-constituent frozen soils. In this model, the growth of segregated ice inside the freezing-induced fracture is implicitly represented by the evolution of two phase fields that indicate the locations of segregated ice and the damaged zone, respectively. The evolution of two phase fields are driven by the driving forces that capture the physical mechanisms of ice and crack growths respectively, while the phase field governing equations are coupled with the balance laws such that the coupling among heat transfer, solid deformation, fluid diffusion, crack growth, and phase transition can be observed numerically. Unlike phenomenological approaches that indirectly captures the freezing influence on the shear strength, the multi-phase-field model introduces an immersed approach where both the homogeneous freezing and the ice lens growth are distinctively captured by the freezing characteristic function and the driving force accordingly. Verification and validation examples are provided to demonstrate the capacities of the proposed models.
Folded Goursat surface and banana-shaped seedpod
Creators: name: Couturier, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin vegetal shells have recently been a significant source of inspiration for the de\text{sign} of smart materials and soft actuators. Herein is presented a novel analytical family of isometric deformations with folds, inspired by a banana-shaped seedpod, which converts a vertical closing into either an horizontal closing or an opening depending on the location of the fold. Similarly to the seedpod, optimum shapes for opening ease are the most elongated ones.
Entropy of irregular points for some dynamical systems
Creators: name: Gelfert, Katrin
name: Pacifico, Maria Jose
name: Sanhueza, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive sufficient conditions for a dynamical systems to have a set of irregular points with full topological entropy. Such conditions are verified for some nonuniformly hyperbolic systems such as positive entropy surface diffeomorphisms and rational functions on the Riemann sphere.
title: Nieuwe Sluis Zeebrugge: impact nieuwe toegang Jachthaven op ontwerp overstromingsmaatregelen
Creators: name: Vanneste, Dieter
name: Verwaest, Toon
name: Peeters, Patrik
Publisher: name: Flanders Hydraulics Research
Year: 2022

description: Title : WL Rapporten. Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium: Antwerpen. Volume : 22_078_1 Issue : Pagination : VII, 19
Federated Learning for Computationally-Constrained Heterogeneous Devices: A Survey
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Kilian
name: Rapp, Martin
name: Khalili, Ramin
name: Henkel, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With an increasing number of smart devices like internet of things (IoT) devices deployed in the field, offloadingtraining of neural networks (NNs) to a central server becomes more and more infeasible. Recent efforts toimprove users' privacy have led to on-device learning emerging as an alternative. However, a model trainedonly on a single device, using only local data, is unlikely to reach a high accuracy. Federated learning (FL)has been introduced as a solution, offering a privacy-preserving trade-off between communication overheadand model accuracy by sharing knowledge between devices but disclosing the devices' private data. Theapplicability and the benefit of applying baseline FL are, however, limited in many relevant use cases dueto the heterogeneity present in such environments. In this survey, we outline the heterogeneity challengesFL has to overcome to be widely applicable in real-world applications. We especially focus on the aspect ofcomputation heterogeneity among the participating devices and provide a comprehensive overview of recentworks on heterogeneity-aware FL. We discuss two groups: works that adapt the NN architecture and worksthat approach heterogeneity on a system level, covering Federated Averaging (FedAvg), distillation, and splitlearning-based approaches, as well as synchronous and asynchronous aggregation schemes.
Hidden symmetries and Large N factorisation for permutation invariant matrix observables
Creators: name: Barnes, George
name: Padellaro, Adrian
name: Ramgoolam, Sanjaye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Permutation invariant polynomial functions of matrices have previously been studied as the observables in matrix models invariant under $S_N$, the symmetric group of all permutations of $N$ objects. In this paper, the permutation invariant matrix observables (PIMOs) of degree $k$ are shown to be in one-to-one correspondence with equivalence classes of elements in the diagrammatic partition algebra $P_k(N)$. On a 4-dimensional subspace of the 13-parameter space of $S_N$ invariant Gaussian models, there is an enhanced $O(N)$ symmetry. At a special point in this subspace, is the simplest $O(N)$ invariant action. This is used to define an inner product on the PIMOs which is expressible as a trace of a product of elements in the partition algebra. The diagram algebra $P_k(N)$ is used to prove the large $N$ factorisation property of this inner product, which generalizes a familiar large $N$ factorisation for inner products of matrix traces invariant under continuous symmetries.
description: 35 pages, 1 figure, V2: typos corrected and refs added, V3: sage code added
Impact of parameter updates on soil moisture assimilation in a 3D heterogeneous hillslope model
Creators: name: Brandhorst, Natascha
name: Neuweiler, Insa
Publisher: name: Munich : EGU
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hydraulic conductivity
subject: Parameter estimation
subject: Porosity
subject: Uncertainty analysis
subject: Ensemble Kalman Filter
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Variably saturated subsurface flow models require knowledge of the soil hydraulic parameters. However, the determination of these parameters in heterogeneous soils is not easily feasible and subject to large uncertainties. As the modeled soil moisture is very sensitive to these parameters, especially the saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and the parameters describing the retention and relative permeability functions, it is likewise highly uncertain. Data assimilation can be used to handle and reduce both the state and parameter uncertainty. In this work, we apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to a three-dimensional heterogeneous hillslope model and investigate the influence of updating the different soil hydraulic parameters on the accuracy of the estimated soil moisture. We further examine the usage of a simplified layered soil structure instead of the fully resolved heterogeneous soil structure in the ensemble. It is shown that the best estimates are obtained when performing a joint update of porosity and the van Genuchten parameters and (optionally) the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The usage of a simplified soil structure gave decent estimates of spatially averaged soil moisture in combination with parameter updates but led to a failure of the EnKF and very poor soil moisture estimates at non-observed locations.
Charged $AdS$ Black Holes in $4D$ Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet Massive Gravity
Creators: name: Paul, Prosenjit
name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
name: Singh, Dharm Veer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet--Maxwell massive gravity in $4D$ AdS background and find an exact black hole solution. The horizon structure of the black holes studied. Treating the cosmological constant as pressure and Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameters, and massive gravity parameters as variables, we drive the first law of black hole thermodynamics. To study the global stability of the black holes we compute the Gibbs free energy. The local stability of the black hole is also studied through specific heat. We analyze the effects of graviton mass and Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameters on the phase transition of the black holes. Finally, the effects of graviton mass and massive gravity parameters on the Joule-Thomson expansion of the black hole are studied.
description: 32 pages, 51 captioned figures, Published in Eur. Phys. J. Plus
Braided Symmetries in Noncommutative Field Theory
Creators: name: Giotopoulos, Grigorios
name: Szabo, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a pedagogical introduction to $L_\infty$-algebras and their uses in organising the symmetries and dynamics of classical field theories, as well as of the conventional noncommutative gauge theories that arise as low-energy effective field theories in string theory. We review recent developments which formulate field theories with braided gauge symmetries as a new means of overcoming several obstacles in the standard noncommutative theories, such as the restrictions on gauge algebras and matter fields. These theories can be constructed by using techniques from Drinfel'd twist deformation theory, which we review in some detail, and their symmetries and dynamics are controlled by a new homotopy algebraic structure called a 'braided $L_\infty$-algebra'. We expand and elaborate on several novel theoretical issues surrounding these constructions, and present three new explicit examples: the standard noncommutative scalar field theory (regarded as a braided field theory), a braided version of $BF$ theory in arbitrary dimensions (regarded as a higher gauge theory), and a new braided version of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory for arbitrary gauge algebras.
description: 79 pages; v2: references added; v3: reference added; Final version to appear in the Special Issue of Journal of Physics A on "Noncommutative Geometry in Physics"
1-026-Evaporation-ModelingScenario
Creators: name: Winkel, Brian
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: We provide data on evaporation of 91% isopropyl alcohol in six different Petri dishes and one conical funnel and on evaporation of water in one Petri dish. We ask students to develop a mathematical model for the rate of change in the respective volumes.
title: Numerical Analysis of an Auxetic Anti-tetrachiral Sandwich Panel Subjected to Steady-state Harmonic Base Motion
Creators: name: Michalski, Jakub
name: Stręk, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology
Year: 2022

description: Vibrations in Physical Systems, 33(3), 2022323-1 - 2022323-8
Effects of part sequences of human growth hormone on in vivo hepatic glycogen metabolism
Creators: name: Newman., Julie Debra
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Automated Ableism: An Exploration of Explicit Disability Biases in Sentiment and Toxicity Analysis Models
Creators: name: Venkit, Pranav Narayanan
name: Srinath, Mukund
name: Wilson, Shomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze sentiment analysis and toxicity detection models to detect the presence of explicit bias against people with disability (PWD). We employ the bias identification framework of Perturbation Sensitivity Analysis to examine conversations related to PWD on social media platforms, specifically Twitter and Reddit, in order to gain insight into how disability bias is disseminated in real-world social settings. We then create the \textit{Bias Identification Test in Sentiment} (BITS) corpus to quantify explicit disability bias in any sentiment analysis and toxicity detection models. Our study utilizes BITS to uncover significant biases in four open AIaaS (AI as a Service) sentiment analysis tools, namely TextBlob, VADER, Google Cloud Natural Language API, DistilBERT and two toxicity detection models, namely two versions of Toxic-BERT. Our findings indicate that all of these models exhibit statistically significant explicit bias against PWD.
description: TrustNLP at ACL 2023
Transnational memories of war and conflict in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Creators: name: Hepworth, Andrea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: This article analyses the ways in which the memory of transnational traumatic events of war and conflict of the past have been represented at Wellington's waterfront and whether the site, with its multitude of memorial plaques, can be read as a lieu de mémoire. The study focuses on three commemorative plaques: the memorial plaque to those New Zealanders who took part in the Spanish Civil War (2011); the commemorative plaque to the Polish children of Pahīatua (2004); and the memorial plaque commemorating the arrival of the United States Marine Corps to New Zealand (1951/2000). It, first, examines the memory entrepreneurs behind the commemoration of the events the plaques depict and analyse whether these agents engaged in bottom-up or top-down mnemonic practices and activities (or a mixture of these). Second, it analyses the significance of these memorials in the collective memory of contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand.
Fairness of inequality and support for redistribution: directly comparing citizens and legislators
Creators: name: Helfer, Luzia
name: Giger, Nathalie
name: Breunig, Christian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Economic inequality constitutes a defining challenge of our time and it remains puzzling why rising levels of inequality have not led to more redistribution. In this article a novel individual-level perspective is taken, with a focus on how much legislators and citizens agree on questions of redistribution and inequality, and what causes these mismatches. The study compares legislators’ views to a representative citizen sample in Switzerland. The results show considerable disagreement between the groups with legislators being more sceptical towards redistribution and seeing inequality as fairer outcome. The mismatch is only partially explained by legislators’ higher social status. Ideology plays a fundamental role as more polarisation according to ideological lines is found among elites and their attitudes are also more rooted in their ideology. In sum, the findings point to some underexplored angles of the puzzle of why not more redistribution has been observed and thus offer a valuable addition to the existing literature.
From Dragondoom to Dragonstar: Side-channel Attacks and Formally Verified Implementation of WPA3 Dragonfly Handshake
Creators: name: Braga, Daniel De Almeida
name: Kulatova, Natalia
name: Sabt, Mohamed
name: Fouque, Pierre-Alain
name: Bhargavan, Karthikeyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is universally acknowledged that Wi-Fi communications are important to secure. Thus, the Wi-Fi Alliance published WPA3 in 2018 with a distinctive security feature: it leverages a Password-Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) protocol to protect users' passwords from offline dictionary attacks. Unfortunately, soon after its release, several attacks were reported against its implementations, in response to which the protocol was updated in a best-effort manner. In this paper, we show that the proposed mitigations are not enough, especially for a complex protocol to implement even for savvy developers. Indeed, we present **Dragondoom**, a collection of side-channel vulnerabilities of varying strength allowing attackers to recover users' passwords in widely deployed Wi-Fi daemons, such as hostap in its default settings. Our findings target both password conversion methods, namely the default probabilistic hunting-and-pecking and its newly standardized deterministic alternative based on SSWU. We successfully exploit our leakage in practice through microarchitectural mechanisms, and overcome the limited spatial resolution of Flush+Reload. Our attacks outperform previous works in terms of required measurements. Then, driven by the need to end the spiral of patch-and-hack in Dragonfly implementations, we propose **Dragonstar**, an implementation of Dragonfly leveraging a formally verified implementation of the underlying mathematical operations, thereby removing all the related leakage vector. Our implementation relies on HACL*, a formally verified crypto library guaranteeing secret-independence. We design Dragonstar, so that its integration within hostap requires minimal modifications to the existing project. Our experiments show that the performance of HACL*-based hostap is comparable to OpenSSL-based, implying that Dragonstar is both efficient and proved to be leakage-free.
description: Accepted at 2023 IEEE 8th European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)
Terminal stage of highly viscous flow
Creators: name: Buchenau, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shear misfit model for the highly viscous flow is based upon a theoretical prediction for its terminal stage in terms of irreversible Eshelby relaxations in the five-dimensional shear space. The model is shown to predict a small delta-function (Debye peak) in the dielectric spectrum, in agreement with experimental evidence. It is extended from shear fluctuations to density fluctuations, a new relation between adiabatic and isothermal compressibility jumps at the glass transition is derived, and the model is brought into a form which requires only three temperature-dependent parameters for the fit of shear relaxation data of a glass former with a secondary relaxation peak. The model is applied to high precision measurements of the shear, dielectric and bulk relaxation data in two vacuum pump oils and in squalane, a short chain polymer with a strong secondary relaxation peak. In all three substances, the adiabatic compressibility equilibrates much earlier than the isothermal one. The terminal stage of aging data in squalane demonstrate that one sees also the adiabatic density fluctuations in the thermal expansion, explaining why it seems to equilibrate a bit faster than the dynamic heat capacity.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Constraining new physics with SModelS version 2
Creators: name: Alguero, Gaël
name: Heisig, Jan
name: Khosa, Charanjit
name: Kraml, Sabine
name: Kulkarni, Suchita
name: Lessa, Andre
name: Reyes-González, Humberto
name: Waltenberger, Wolfgang
name: Wongel, Alicia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present version 2 of SModelS, a program package for the fast reinterpretation of LHC searches for new physics on the basis of simplified model results. The major novelty of the SModelS v2 series is an extended topology description with a flexible number of particle attributes, such as spin, charge, decay width, etc. This enables, in particular, the treatment of a wide range of signatures with long-lived particles. Moreover, constraints from prompt and long-lived searches can be evaluated simultaneously in the same run. The current database includes results from searches for heavy stable charged particles, disappearing tracks, displaced jets and displaced leptons, in addition to a large number of prompt searches. The capabilities of the program are demonstrated by two physics applications: constraints on long-lived charged scalars in the scotogenic model, and constraints on the electroweak-ino sector in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
description: 42 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables. The program and an extensive online documentation are available at https://smodels.github.io/
Dirac-Source Diode with Sub-unity Ideality Factor
Creators: name: Myeong, Gyuho
name: Shin, Wongil
name: Kim, Seungho
name: Lim, Hongsik
name: Kim, Boram
name: Jin, Taehyeok
name: Sung, Kyunghwan
name: Park, Jihoon
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Liu, Fei
name: Cho, Sungjae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An increase in power consumption necessitates a low-power circuit technology to extend Moore's law. Low-power transistors, such as tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs), negative-capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FETs), and Dirac-source field-effect transistors (DS-FETs), have been realised to break the thermionic limit of the subthreshold swing (SS). However, a low-power diode rectifier, which breaks the thermionic limit of an ideality factor (n) of 1 at room temperature, has not been proposed yet. In this study, we have realised a DS Schottky diode, which exhibits a steep-slope characteristic curve, by utilising the linear density of states (DOSs) of graphene. For the developed DS Schottky diode, n<1 for more than two decades of drain current with a minimum value of 0.8, and the rectifying ratio is large (100000). The realisation of a DS Schottky diode paves the way for the development of low-power electronic circuits.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Nature Communications
The effects of estrogen on vascular function and lipoproteins in biological males
Creators: name: New., Gishel
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Measuring $|V_{ts}|$ directly using strange-quark tagging at the LHC
Creators: name: Jang, Woojin
name: Lee, Jason Sang Hun
name: Park, Inkyu
name: Watson, Ian James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) element $V_{ts}$, representing the coupling between the top and strange quarks, is currently best determined through fits based on the unitarity of the CKM matrix, and measured indirectly through box-diagram oscillations, and loop-mediated rare decays of the $B$ or $K$ mesons. It has been previously proposed to use the tree level decay of the $t$ quark to the $s$ quark to determine $|V_{ts}|$ at the LHC, which has become a top factory. In this paper, we extend the proposal by performing a detailed analysis of measuring $t \to sW$ in dileptonic $t\bar{t}$ events. In particular, we perform detector response simulation, including the reconstruction of $K_S$, which are used for tagging jets produced by $s$ quarks against the dominant $t \to bW$ decay. We show that it should be possible to exclude $|V_{ts}| = 0$ at 6.0$σ$ with the expected High Luminosity LHC luminosity of 3000 fb$^{-1}$.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Polyakov Model in 't Hooft flux background: A quantum mechanical reduction with memory
Creators: name: Pazarbaşı, Cihan
name: Ünsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a compactification of Polyakov model on $T^2 \times \mathbb R $ down to quantum mechanics which remembers non-perturbative aspects of field theory even at an arbitrarily small area. Standard compactification on small $T^2 \times \mathbb R $ possesses a unique perturbative vacuum (zero magnetic flux state), separated parametrically from higher flux states, and the instanton effects do not survive in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. By turning on a background magnetic GNO flux in co-weight lattice corresponding to a non-zero 't Hooft flux, we show that $N$-degenerate vacua appear at small torus, and there are $N-1$ types of flux changing instantons between them. We construct QM instantons starting with QFT instantons using the method of replicas. For example, $SU(2)$ gauge theory with flux reduces to the double-well potential where each well is a fractional flux state. Despite the absence of a mixed anomaly, the vacuum structure of QFT and the one of QM are continuously connected. We also compare the quantum mechanical reduction of the Polyakov model with the deformed Yang-Mills, by coupling both theories to TQFTs. In particular, we compare the mass spectrum for dual photons and energy spectrum in the QM limit. We give a detailed description of critical points at infinity in the semi-classical expansion, and their role in resurgence structure.
description: 48 pages, 9 figures. (v2) some corrections. references added
Remarks on the spectrum of the Dirac operator of pseudo-Riemannian spin manifolds
Creators: name: Reincke, Momsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C27, 53B30

description: We study the spectrum of the Dirac operator $D$ on pseudo-Riemannian spin manifolds of signature $(p,q)$, considered as an unbounded operator in the Hilbert space $L^2_ξ(S)$. The definition of $L^2_ξ(S)$ involves the choice of a $p$-dimensional time-like subbundle $ξ\subset TM$. We establish a sufficient criterion for the spectra of $D$ induced by two maximal time-like subbundles $ξ_1,ξ_2\subset TM$ to be equal. If the base manifold $M$ is compact, the spectrum does not depend on $ξ$ at all. We then proceed by explicitely computing the full spectrum of $D$ for $\mathbb R^{p,q}$, the flat torus $\mathbb T^{p,q}$ and products of the form $\mathbb T^{1,1}\times F$ with $F$ being an arbitrary compact, even-dimensional Riemannian spin manifold.
Predicting 3D structure, flexibility and stability of RNA hairpins in monovalent and divalent ion solutions
Creators: name: Shi, Ya-Zhou
name: Jin, Lei
name: Wang, Feng-Hua
name: Zhu, Xiao-Long
name: Tan, Zhi-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A full understanding of RNA-mediated biology would require the knowledge of three-dimensional (3D) structures, structural flexibility and stability of RNAs. To predict RNA 3D structures and stability, we have previously proposed a three-bead coarse-grained predictive model with implicit salt/solvent potentials. In this study, we will further develop the model by improving the implicit-salt electrostatic potential and involving a sequence-dependent coaxial stacking potential to enable the model to simulate RNA 3D structure folding in divalent/monovalent ion solutions. As compared with the experimental data, the present model can predict 3D structures of RNA hairpins with bulge/internal loops (<77nt) from their sequences at the corresponding experimental ion conditions with an overall improved accuracy, and the model also makes reliable predictions for the flexibility of RNA hairpins with bulge loops of different length at extensive divalent/monovalent ion conditions. In addition, the model successfully predicts the stability of RNA hairpins with various loops/stems in divalent/monovalent ion solutions.
description: 24 pages,8 figures
The California Legacy Survey III. On The Shoulders of (Some) Giants: The Relationship between Inner Small Planets and Outer Massive Planets
Creators: name: Rosenthal, Lee J.
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Chachan, Yayaati
name: Dai, Fei
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: Chontos, Ashley
name: Crepp, Justin R.
name: Dalba, Paul A.
name: Henry, Gregory W.
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Petigura, Erik A.
name: Weiss, Lauren M.
name: Wright, Jason T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a high-precision radial velocity survey of FGKM stars to study the conditional occurrence of two classes of planets: close-in small planets (0.023--1 au, 2--30 Earth masses) and distant giant planets (0.23--10 au, 30--6000 Earth masses). We find that $41^{+15}_{-13}\%$ of systems with a close-in, small planet also host an outer giant, compared to $17.6^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\%$ for stars irrespective of small planet presence. This implies that small planet hosts may be enhanced in outer giant occurrence compared to all stars with $1.7σ$ significance. Conversely, we estimate that $42^{+17}_{-13}\%$ of cold giant hosts also host an inner small planet, compared to $27.6^{+5.8}_{-4.8}\%$ of stars irrespective of cold giant presence. We also find that more massive and close-in giant planets are not associated with small inner planets. Specifically, our sample indicates that small planets are less likely to host outer giant companions more massive than approximately 120 Earth masses and within 0.3--3 au than to host less massive or more distant giant companions, with $\sim$2.2$σ$ confidence. This implies that massive gas giants within 0.3--3 au may suppress inner small planet formation. Additionally, we compare the host-star metallicity distributions for systems with only small planets and those with both small planets and cold giants. In agreement with previous studies, we find that stars in our survey that only host small planets have a metallicity distribution that is consistent with the broader solar-metallicity-median sample, while stars that host both small planets and gas giants are distinctly metal-rich with $\sim$2.3$σ$ confidence.
description: Reposted on arxiv after journal acceptance and alterations in response to reviewer comments
Linearly Polarized Millimeter and Submillimeter Continuum Emission of Sgr A* Constrained by ALMA
Creators: name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Wright, Melvyn C. H.
name: Zhao, Jun-Hui
name: Brinkerink, Christiaan D.
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Mills, Elisabeth A. C.
name: Martín, Sergio
name: Falcke, Heino
name: Matsushita, Satoki
name: Martí-Vidal, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our aim is to characterize the polarized continuum emission properties including intensity, polarization position angle, and polarization percentage of Sgr A* at $\sim$100 (3.0 mm), $\sim$230 (1.3 mm), $\sim$345 (0.87 mm), $\sim$500 (0.6 mm), and $\sim$700 GHz (0.43 mm). We report continuum emission properties of Sgr A* at the above frequency bands, based on the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations. We measured flux densities of Sgr A* from ALMA single pointing and mosaic observations. We performed sinusoidal fittings to the observed (XX-YY)/I intensity ratios, to derive the polarization position angles and polarization percentages. We successfully detect polarized continuum emission from all observed frequency bands. We observed lower Stokes I intensity at $\sim$700 GHz than that at $\sim$500 GHz, which suggests that emission at $\gtrsim$500 GHz is from optically thin part of a synchrotron emission spectrum. Both the Stokes I intensity and the polarization position angle at our highest observing frequency of $\sim$700 GHz, may be varying with time. However, we do not yet detect variation in the polarization percentage at $>$500 GHz. The polarization percentage at $\sim$700 GHz is likely lower than that at $\sim$500 GHz. By comparing the $\sim$500 GHz and $\sim$700 GHz observations with the observations at lower frequency bands, we suggest that the intrinsic polarization position angle of Sgr A* is varying with time. This paper also reports the measurable polarization properties from the observed calibration quasars. The future simultaneous multi-frequency polarization observations are required for clarifying the time and frequency variation of polarization position angle and polarization percentage.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&A; first referee report received. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1604.00599
Minimal Length Phenomenology and the Black Body Radiation
Creators: name: Bosso, Pasquale
name: Vega, Juan Manuel López
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) modifies the uncertainty relation between momentum and position giving room for a minimal length, as predicted by candidates theories of quantum gravity. Inspired by GUP, Planck's distribution is derived by considering a new quantization of the electromagnetic field. We elaborate on the thermodynamics of the black body radiation obtaining Wien's law and the Stefan-Boltzmann law. We show that such thermodynamics laws are modified at Planck-scale.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
The evolution and uptake of numeracy and mathematical literacy as drivers for curriculum reform
Creators: name: Goos, Merrilyn
name: Sullivan, Kathy O’
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: In many countries the notion of mathematical literacy as a twenty-frst century competency has emerged either from international studies, such as the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (OECD, 2016), or from national curriculum policy development. In some English-speaking countries, however, it is more common to speak of numeracy rather than mathematical literacy. This chapter traces the emergence and interpretations of numeracy and mathematical literacy as separate but related concepts and examines their role in curriculum reform in four countries: Australia, Ireland, South Africa and Japan. The main question addressed by the chapter is: How have notions of mathematical literacy and numeracy been expressed in curriculum reforms? The analysis aims to shed light on the interpreta?tion and expression of numeracy and its relationship to mathematics.
Not so independent? The effect of Commissioners’ attributes on EU member states’ bargaining success
Creators: name: Kirpsza, Adam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: This study investigates how nationality and partisanship, two personal attributes of Commissioners, influence member states’ bargaining success in EU law making. Building on principal-agent theory, it is expected that countries with close national and political linkages to the Commissioner responsible for negotiating a proposal are more successful in attaining their preferred outcomes. The hypotheses are tested using a linear regression model on the DEUIII dataset. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that a state has more bargaining success when the responsible Commissioner comes from that state or is affiliated with the same European Parliament party group as one of the governing parties in that state. Moreover, shared national ties moderate the detrimental effect of preference disagreements with the Commission on states’ success. The study contributes to the literature by showing that Commissioners are not independent but political actors who can act autonomously and successfully pursue the preferences of their home countries and parties.
Disk Outflows and High-Luminosity True Type 2 AGN
Creators: name: Elitzur, Moshe
name: Netzer, Hagai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absence of intrinsic broad line emission has been reported in a number of active galactic nuclei (AGN), including some with high Eddington ratios. Such "true type 2 AGN" are inherent to the disk-wind scenario for the broad line region: Broad line emission requires a minimal column density, implying a minimal outflow rate and thus a minimal accretion rate. Here we perform a detailed analysis of the consequences of mass conservation in the process of accretion through a central disk. The resulting constraints on luminosity are consistent with all the cases where claimed detections of true type 2 AGN pass stringent criteria, and predict that intrinsic broad line emission can disappear at luminosities as high as about 4x$10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and any Eddington ratio, though more detections can be expected at Eddington ratios below about 1%. Our results are applicable to every disk outflow model, whatever its details and whether clumpy or smooth, irrespective of the wind structure and its underlying dynamics. While other factors, such as changes in spectral energy distribution or covering factor, can affect the intensities of broad emission lines, within this scenario they can only produce true type 2 AGN of higher luminosity then those prescribed by mass conservation.
description: To appear in MNRAS. The L and M columns were inadvertently switched in the original version (Thank you Giovanni Miniutti for catching). Corrected in this version
Search for Highly-Ionizing Particles in pp Collisions at the LHC's Run-1 Using the Prototype MoEDAL Detector
Creators: name: Acharya, B.
name: Alexandre, J.
name: Benes, P.
name: Bergmann, B.
name: Bertolucci, S.
name: Bevan, A.
name: Bhattacharya, R.
name: Branzas, H.
name: Burian, P.
name: Campbell, M.
name: Cecchini, S.
name: Cho, Y. M.
name: de Montigny, M.
name: De Roeck, A.
name: Ellis, J. R.
name: Sawy, M. El
name: Fairbairn, M.
name: Felea, D.
name: Frank, M.
name: Hays, J.
name: Hirt, A. M.
name: Hung, P. Q.
name: Janecek, J.
name: Kalliokoski, M.
name: Korzenev, A.
name: Lacarrère, D. H.
name: Leroy, C.
name: Levi, G.
name: Lionti, A.
name: Margiotta, A.
name: Maselek, R.
name: Maulik, A.
name: Mauri, N.
name: Mavromatos, N. E.
name: Mermod, P.
name: Mieskolainen, M.
name: Millward, L.
name: Mitsou, V. A.
name: Orava, R.
name: Ostrovskiy, I.
name: Ouimet, P. -P.
name: Papavassiliou, J.
name: Parker, B.
name: Patrizii, L.
name: Pavalas, G. E.
name: Pinfold, J. L.
name: Popa, L. A.
name: Popa, V.
name: Pozzato, M.
name: Pospisil, S.
name: Rajantie, A.
name: de Austri, R. Ruiz
name: Sahnoun, Z.
name: Sakellariadou, M.
name: Sakurai, K.
name: Santra, A.
name: Sarkar, S.
name: Semenoff, G.
name: Shaa, A.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Sliwa, K.
name: Soluk, R.
name: Spurio, M.
name: Staelens, M.
name: Suk, M.
name: Tenti, M.
name: Togo, V.
name: Tuszynski, J. A.
name: Upreti, A.
name: Vento, V.
name: Vives, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for highly electrically charged objects (HECOs) and magnetic monopoles is presented using 2.2 fb-1 of p - p collision data taken at a centre of mass energy (ECM) of 8 TeV by the MoEDAL detector during LHC's Run-1. The data were collected using MoEDAL's prototype Nuclear Track Detector array and the Trapping Detector array. The results are interpreted in terms of Drell-Yan pair production of stable HECO and monopole pairs with three spin hypotheses (0, 1/2 and 1). The search provides constraints on the direct production of magnetic monopoles carrying one to four Dirac magnetic charges (4gD) and with mass limits ranging from 590 GeV/c^2 to 1 TeV/c^2. Additionally, mass limits are placed on HECOs with charge in the range 10e to 180e, where e is the charge of an electron, for masses between 30 GeV/c^2 and 1 TeV/c^2.
Pure State Tomography with Pauli Measurements
Creators: name: Ma, Xian
name: Jackson, Tyler
name: Zhou, Hui
name: Chen, Jianxin
name: Lu, Dawei
name: Mazurek, Michael D.
name: Fisher, Kent A. G.
name: Peng, Xinhua
name: Kribs, David
name: Resch, Kevin J.
name: Ji, Zhengfeng
name: Zeng, Bei
name: Laflamme, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the problem of finding the minimum number of Pauli measurements needed to uniquely determine an arbitrary $n$-qubit pure state among all quantum states. We show that only $11$ Pauli measurements are needed to determine an arbitrary two-qubit pure state compared to the full quantum state tomography with $16$ measurements, and only $31$ Pauli measurements are needed to determine an arbitrary three-qubit pure state compared to the full quantum state tomography with $64$ measurements. We demonstrate that our protocol is robust under depolarizing error with simulated random pure states. We experimentally test the protocol on two- and three-qubit systems with nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. We show that the pure state tomography protocol saves us a number of measurements without considerable loss of fidelity. We compare our protocol with same-size sets of randomly selected Pauli operators and find that our selected set of Pauli measurements significantly outperforms those random sampling sets. As a direct application, our scheme can also be used to reduce the number of settings needed for pure-state tomography in quantum optical systems.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. Comments are welcome