cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Demonstration of Spin-Hall Hanle Effects in Epitaxial Pt Thin Films
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Comstock, Andrew H.
name: Sun, Dali
name: Xu, Xiaoshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a nonlinear Hall effect due to the boundary spin accumulation in Pt films grown on Al2O3 substrates. This Hall effect and the previously demonstrated Hanle magnetoresistance provide a complete picture of the spin-precession control of the spin and charge transport at the boundary of a spin-orbit coupled material, which we refer to as spin-Hall Hanle effects (SHHE). We also show that the SHHE can be employed to measure the spin diffusion length, the spin-Hall angle, and the spin relaxation time of heavy metal without the need of magnetic interface or the input from other measurements. The comprehensive demonstration of SHHE in such a simple system suggests they may be ubiquitous and needs to be considered for unravelling the spin and charge transport in more complex thin film structures of spin-orbit coupled materials.
Phase transition from straight into twisted vortex-lines in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Klawunn, M.
name: Santos, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-local non-linearity introduced by the dipole-dipole interaction plays a crucial role in the physics of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. In particular, it may distort significantly the stability of straight vortex lines due to the rotonization of the Kelvin-wave spectrum. In this paper we analyze this instability showing that it leads to a second-order-like phase transition from a straight vortex-line into novel helical or snake-like configurations, depending on the dipole orientation.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in New J. Phys
Towards a unified treatment of $ΔS=0$ parity violation in low-energy nuclear processes
Creators: name: Gardner, Susan
name: Muralidhara, Girish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the unified treatment of low-energy hadronic parity violation espoused by Desplanques, Donoghue, and Holstein to the end of an ab initio treatment of parity violation in low-energy nuclear processes within the Standard Model. We use our improved effective Hamiltonian and precise non-perturbative assessments of the quark charges of the nucleon within lattice QCD to make new assessments of the parity-violating meson-nucleon coupling constants. Comparing with recent, precise measurements of hadronic parity violation in few-body nuclear reactions, we find improved agreement with these experimental results, though some tensions remain. We thus note the broader problem of comparing low-energy constants from nuclear and few-nucleon systems, considering, too, unresolved theoretical issues in connecting an ab initio, effective Hamiltonian approach to chiral effective theories. We note how future experiments and lattice QCD studies could sharpen the emerging picture, promoting the study of hadronic parity violation as a laboratory for testing ``end-to-end'' theoretical descriptions of weak processes in hadrons and nuclei at low energies.
description: 13 pages, REVTeX, 1 figure; note partial overlap in content with arXiv:2203.00033v1 (not v2); extended discussion and refs. added, results unchanged
Directional Neutrino Searches for Galactic Center Dark Matter at Large Underground LArTPCs
Creators: name: Buckley, Matthew R.
name: Mastbaum, Andrew
name: Mohlabeng, Gopolang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of a large, underground LArTPC-based neutrino detector to dark matter in the Galactic Center annihilating into neutrinos. Such a detector could have the ability to resolve the direction of the electron in a neutrino scattering event, and thus to infer information about the source direction for individual neutrino events. We consider the improvements on the expected experimental sensitivity that this directional information would provide. Even without directional information, we find a DUNE-like LArTPC detector is capable of setting limits on dark matter annihilation to neutrinos for dark matter masses above 30 MeV that are competitive with or exceed current experimental reach. While currently-demonstrated angular resolution for low-energy electrons is insufficient to allow any significant increase in sensitivity, these techniques could benefit from improvements to algorithms and the additional spatial information provided by novel 3D charge imaging approaches. We consider the impact of such enhancements to the resolution for electron directionality, and find that where electron-scattering events can be distinguished from charged-current neutrino interactions, limits on dark matter annihilation in the mass range where solar neutrino backgrounds dominate ($\lesssim 15$ MeV) can be significantly improved using directional information, and would be competitive with existing limits using $40$ kton$\times$year of exposure.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Genesis of thunderstorm ground enhancements
Creators: name: Chilingarian, A.
name: Hosepyan, G.
name: Karapetyan, T.
name: Sargsyan, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proceeding from a stormy day of 22 September 2022, when 7 thunderstorm ground enhancements occurred (TGEs, 3 of them very large), we perform an analysis of the most important conditions, on which depend the origination of the large particle fluxes in the thunderous atmosphere. Among these conditions are the near-surface electric field (NSEF), graupel fall, and lightning activity. We estimate the intensity of the largest particle flux of 1,25 mln gamma rays hitting each square meter of surface on Aragats with energy spectra extended up to 70 MeV. Only one TGE from 7 meets the conditions to recover the electron energy spectrum; the fraction of electrons with energies above 10 MeV relative to the gamma ray flux reaches 45%. By carefully examining the graupel fall, we demonstrate that the lower dipole, which accelerates electrons, is formed by the main negative and lower positively charged regions. The lower dipole decays with a graupel fall that coincides with TGE terminations (usually by a lightning flash).
Mothers who must work : a study of the implementation and effects of public assistance laws requiring the employment of mothers of dependent children, Washington, 1959
Creators: name: Muckey, Myron Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: For public assistance agencies in the United States, administrative suggestion and legislative direction has been increasingly focused on the encouragement and even coercion of mothers of dependent children to take paid employment. This has been concurrent with increasing public assistance costs during a period of relative prosperity. A common concern of social work, however, is that maternal absence from the family, whether for employment or for other reasons, promotes, under certain circumstances, family failure. This has occasioned value conflict for social work oriented personnel in public welfare agencies, and a searching after a refined methodology to apply to determinations of employability. The methods and results of the implementation of such a legislative directive to remove employable ADC mothers from grants in Washington State In 1959 are explored. A sample of 800 cases in which mothers had been removed from grants because of employability between July 1, 1959 and January 1, 1960 was read to schedule. The study is concerned with what criteria seemed to have been selected by caseworkers as relevant to employability. In relation to the desired result of self-support for employable mothers, the study explores what criteria seemed to have been most relevant. The criteria used and the criteria most effective are analyzed. Certain popularly expounded criteria were found to be valid and others invalid. The study applies value assumptions and theory to certain practical aspects of casework and proposes that success or lack of success relative to an employment goal can be predicted through an understanding of the value system of the public assistance recipient.
On the Nonlinear Shaping Gain with Probabilistic Shaping and Carrier Phase Recovery
Creators: name: Civelli, Stella
name: Parente, Emanuele
name: Forestieri, Enrico
name: Secondini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The performance of different probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) techniques in the nonlinear regime is investigated, highlighting its dependence on the PAS block length and the interaction with carrier phase recovery (CPR). Different PAS implementations are considered, based on different distribution matching (DM) techniques-namely, sphere shaping, shell mapping with different number of shells, and constant composition DM-and amplitude-to-symbol maps. When CPR is not included, PAS with optimal block length provides a nonlinear shaping gain with respect to a linearly optimized PAS (with infinite block length); among the considered DM techniques, the largest gain is obtained with sphere shaping. On the other hand, the nonlinear shaping gain becomes smaller, or completely vanishes, when CPR is included, meaning that in this case all the considered implementations achieve a similar performance for a sufficiently long block length. Similar results are obtained in different link configurations (1x180km, 15x80km, and 27x80km single-mode-fiber links), and also including laser phase noise, except when in-line dispersion compensation is used. Furthermore, we define a new metric, the nonlinear phase noise (NPN) metric, which is based on the frequency resolved logarithmic perturbation models and explains the interaction of CPR and PAS. We show that the NPN metric is highly correlated with the performance of the system. Our results suggest that, in general, the optimization of PAS in the nonlinear regime should always account for the presence of a CPR algorithm. In this case, the reduction of the rate loss (obtained by using sphere shaping and increasing the DM block length) turns out to be more important than the mitigation of the nonlinear phase noise (obtained by using constant-energy DMs and reducing the block length), the latter being already granted by the CPR algorithm.
description: Accepter for publication to the Journal of Lightwave Technologies on January 2023
Axisymmetric column collapses of bi-frictional granular mixtures
Creators: name: Man, Teng
name: Zhang, Zaohui
name: Huppert, Herbert E.
name: Galindo-Torres, Sergio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of granular column collapses is associated with the dynamics of geohazards, such as debris flows, landslides, and pyroclastic flows, yet its underlying physics is still not well understood. In this paper, we explore granular column collapses using the spheropolyhedral discrete element method (DEM), where the system contains two types of particles with different frictional properties. We impose three different mixing ratios and multiple different particle frictional coefficients, which lead to different run-out distances and deposition heights. Based on our previous work and a simple mixture theory, we propose a new effective initial aspect ratio for the bi-frictional granular mixture, which helps unify the description of the relative run-out distances. We analyze the kinematics of bi-frictional granular column collapses and find that deviations from classical power-law scaling in both the dimensionless terminal time and the dimensionless time when the system reaches the maximum kinetic energy may result from differences in the initial solid fraction and initial structures. To clarify the influence of initial states, we further decrease the initial solid fraction of granular column collapses, and propose a trial function to quantitatively describe its influence. Due to the utilization of a simple mixture theory of contact occurrence probability, this study can be associated with the friction-dependent rheology of granular systems and friction-induced granular segregations, and further generalized into applications with multiple species of particles in various natural and engineering mixtures.
The structure of kagome superconductors CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ in the charge density wave states
Creators: name: Wang, Yuxin
name: Wu, Tao
name: Li, Zheng
name: Jiang, Kun
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of charge density wave states in AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A = K, Rb, Cs) kagome superconductors remains elusive, with three possible $2a\times2a\times2c$ candidates: tri-hexagonal, star-of-David, and their mixture. In this study, we conducted a systematic first-principles investigation of the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for the $2a\times2a\times2c$ CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ structures. By comparing our simulations with experimental data, we have concluded that the NQR spectrum indicates the tri-hexagonal structure as the proper structure for CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ after its charge density wave phase transition. The NMR calculation results obtained from the tri-hexagonal structure are also consistent with the experimental data.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures and appendix
Three lectures on Newton's laws
Creators: name: Kokarev, Sergey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three small lectures are devoted to three Newton's laws, lying in the foundation of classical mechanics. These laws are analyzed from the viewpoint of our contemporary knowledge about space, time and physical interactions. The lectures were delivered for students of YarGU in RSEC "Logos".
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, has been reported by parts on several Russian conferences and seminars
Alpha Element Abundances in a Large Sample of Galactic Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Milingo, J. B.
name: Kwitter, K. B.
name: Henry, R. B. C.
name: Souza, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present emission line strengths, abundances, and element ratios (X/O for Ne, S, Cl, and Ar) for a sample of 38 Galactic disk planetary nebulae (PNe) consisting primarily of Peimbert classification Type I. Spectrophotometry for these PNe incorporates an extended optical/near-IR range of 3600-9600 angstroms including the [S III] lines at 9069 and 9532. We have utilized Emission Line Spectrum Analyzer, a five-level atom abundance routine, to determine T_e, N_e, ionization correction factors, and total element abundances. With a compilation of data from >120 Milky Way PNe, we present results from our most recent analysis of abundance patterns in Galactic disk PNe. We have examined the alpha elements against H II regions and blue compact galaxies (H2BCG) to discern signatures of depletion or enhancement in PNe progenitor stars, particularly the destruction or production of O and Ne. We present evidence that many PNe have higher Ne/O and lower Ar/Ne ratios compared to H2BCGs within the range of 8.5-9.0 for 12 + log(O/H). This suggests that Ne is being synthesized in the low- and intermediate-mass progenitors. Sulfur abundances in PNe continue to show great scatter and are systematically lower than those found in H2BCG at a given metallicity. Although we find that PNe do show some distinction in alpha elements when compared to H2BCG, within the Peimbert classification types studied, PNe do not show significant differences in alpha elements amongst themselves, at least to an extent that would distinguish in situ nucleosynthesis from the observed dispersion in abundance ratios.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables (note: tables 2-5 are available online only in machine-readable form)
Magnetic interactions in intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides: a study based on ab initio model construction
Creators: name: Hatanaka, Tatsuto
name: Nomoto, Takuya
name: Arita, Ryotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are known to have a wide variety of magnetic structures by hosting other transition metal atoms in the van der Waals gaps. To understand the chemical trend of the magnetic properties of the intercalated TMDs, we perform a systematic first-principles study for 48 compounds with different hosts, guests, and composition ratios. Starting with calculations based on spin density functional theory, we derive classical spin models by applying the Liechtenstein method to the ab initio Wannier-based tight-binding model. We show that the calculated exchange couplings are overall consistent with the experiments. In particular, when the composition rate is 1/3, the chemical trend can be understood in terms of the occupation of the 3d-orbital in the intercalated transition metal. The present results give us a useful guiding principle to predict the magnetic structure of compounds that are yet to be synthesized.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Effects of Emerging Bipolar Magnetic Regions in Mean-field Dynamo Model of Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Creators: name: Pipin, V. V.
name: Kosovichev, A. G.
name: Tomin, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the physical parameters of Solar Cycles 23 and 24 using a nonlinear dynamical mean-field dynamo model that includes the formation and evolution of bipolar magnetic regions (BMR). The Parker-type dynamo model consists of a complete MHD system in the mean-field formulation: the 3D magnetic induction equation, and 2D momentum and energy equations in the anelastic approximation. The initialization of BMR is modeled in the framework of Parker's magnetic buoyancy instability. It defines the depths of BMR injections, which are typically located at the edge of the global dynamo waves. The distribution with longitude and latitude and the size of the initial BMR perturbations are taken from the NOAA database of active regions. The tilt of the perturbations is modeled by random function, and the mean tilt is modeled as a near-surface helicity (alpha-effect) term. The data-driven models are compared with the models calculated for random longitudinal and latitudinal distributions of the initial perturbation. The modeling results are compared with various observed characteristics of the solar cycles, including the magnetic butterfly diagram, the polar magnetic and basal magnetic fluxes, and the probability distributions of the BMR flux on the surface. Our results show that BMR can play a substantial role in the dynamo processes, and affect the strength of the solar cycle. However, the data-driven model shows that the BMR effect alone cannot explain the weak Cycle 24. This weak cycle and the prolonged preceding minimum of magnetic activity were probably caused by a decrease of the turbulent helicity in the bulk of the convection zone during the decaying phase of Cycle 23.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted in ApJ
title: A Survey of the Utah Public School Superintendent's Methods for Selecting Elementary and Secondary School Principals
Creators: name: Hansen, Keith D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1959

description: This thesis is part of a series of coordinated research projects undertaken by the College of Education at the Utah State University. The series was under the general direction of Dr. Walter R. Borg working cooperatively with the State Department of Public Instruction and the superintendents of Utah's forty school districts. The superintendents of the state of Utah in recognizing the importance of improved selection systems tor administrators and upon noting the lack of any standard procedure tor selection, asked the Utah State University to accept the problem tor further research. The initial evaluation of the entire problem resulted in studies being undertaken in three separate areas.
title: A Study of Detachment of Soil by Artificial Rainfall and Its Relation to the Dispersion Ratio and Water Stable Aggregates for Nine Utah Soils
Creators: name: Kalbhor, Pundlik N.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1959

description: The study of soil erodibility has become of paramount interest in the last few decades. The effects of soil erosion are serious and extensive and affect nearly all people.
Nice sets and invariant densities in complex dynamics
Creators: name: Dobbs, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10, 37A05

description: In complex dynamics, we construct a so-called nice set (one for which the first return map is Markov) around any point which is in the Julia set but not in the post-singular set, adapting a construction of Juan Rivera-Letelier. This simplifies the study of absolutely continuous invariant measures. We prove a converse to a recent theorem of Kotus and Swiatek, so for a certain class of meromorphic maps the absolutely continuous invariant measure is finite if and only if an integrability condition is satisfied.
description: 11 pages, Lemma 10 was, ahem, missing. Other than that, it's just a lot cleaner
title: The Effect of Various Chelates and Chelated Cations on the Availability of Phosphorus to Tomato Plants
Creators: name: Deremer, Edgar Dale
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1959

description: Shortly after the discovery of the usefulness of chelating compounds by agriculturists, whereby metallic cations are supplied in available form to plants, another use was proposed. This paper is dedicated to this resulting use, namely, that certain chelates appear to have value in keeping phosphate compounds from becoming “fixed” or “tied-up” in the soil.
Calculating the Hawking Temperatures of Conventional Black Holes in the f(R) Gravity Models with the RVB Method
Creators: name: Chen, Wen-Xiang
name: Li, Jun-Xian
name: Zhang, Jing-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper attempted to apply the RVB method for calculating the Hawking temperatures of black holes under f(R) gravity. In calculating the Hawking temperature, we found a difference in the integration constant between the RVB and general methods.
title: An Evaluation of the Salt Tolerance of Particular Varieties, Strains, and Selections of Three Grasses and Two Legumes
Creators: name: Olsen, Farrel John
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1958

description: In arid end semiarid areas in the Western United States, soluble salts tend to accumulate in the soil in amounts harmful to crop production. A considerable portion of this land cannot be reclaimed due to the poor quality of permeability of the soil o Therefore, the wise selection of crops that will produce satisfactory yields on these soils in necessary.
Quantum interference in coherent molecular conductance
Creators: name: Rincon, Julian
name: Hallberg, K.
name: Ramasesha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent electronic transport through individual molecules is crucially sensitive to quantum interference. Using exact diagonalization techniques, we investigate the zero-bias and zero-temperature conductance through $π$-conjugated annulene molecules (modeled by the Pariser-Parr-Pople and Hubbard Hamiltonians) weakly coupled to two leads. We analyze the conductance for different source-drain configurations, finding an important reduction for certain transmission channels and for particular geometries as a consequence of destructive quantum interference between states with definite momenta. When translational symmetry is broken by an external perturbation we find an abrupt increase of the conductance through those channels. Previous studies concentrated on the effect at the Fermi energy, where this effect is very small. By analysing the effect of symmetry breaking on the main transmission channels we find a much larger response thus leading to the possibility of a larger switching of the conductance through single molecules.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
The ALP explanation to muon $(g-2)$ and its test at future Tera-$Z$ and Higgs factories
Creators: name: Liu, Jia
name: Ma, Xiaolin
name: Wang, Lian-Tao
name: Wang, Xiao-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models with an Axion Like Particle (ALP) can provide an explanation for the discrepancy between experimental measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment $(g-2)_μ$ and the Standard Model prediction. This explanation relies on the couplings of the ALP to the muon and the photon. We also include more general couplings to the electroweak gauge bosons and incorporate them in the calculations up to the 2-loop order. We investigate the existing experimental constraints and find that they do not rule out the ALP model under consideration as a possible explanation for the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly. At the same time, we find the future Tera-$Z$ and Higgs factories, such as the CEPC and FCC-ee, can completely cover the relevant parameter space through searches with final states $(γγ) γ$, $(μ^+ μ^-) γ$ and $(μ^+ μ^-) μ^+ μ^-$.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures
title: Time Interval Required to Measure Effects of Herbicides on Canada-Thistle and Field Bindweed
Creators: name: Whipple, Charles Ralph
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: Canada-thistle and field bindweed are two troublesome weeds in Utah. Jensen, in cooperation with county weed committees, conducted a weed survey in the state. Seriousness of weeds was listed by counties. Field bindweed was considered to be either a serious or very serious weed in every county except one, and Canada-thistle was classified in these two categories in over one-half of the counties.
LDA+Gutzwiller Method for Correlated Electron Systems: Formalism and Its Applications
Creators: name: Deng, XiaoYu
name: Wang, Lei
name: Dai, Xi
name: Fang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce in detail our newly developed \textit{ab initio} LDA+Gutzwiller method, in which the Gutzwiller variational approach is naturally incorporated with the density functional theory (DFT) through the "Gutzwiller density functional theory (GDFT)" (which is a generalization of original Kohn-Sham formalism). This method can be used for ground state determination of electron systems ranging from weakly correlated metal to strongly correlated insulators with long-range ordering. We will show that its quality for ground state is as high as that by dynamic mean field theory (DMFT), and yet it is computationally much cheaper. In additions, the method is fully variational, the charge-density self-consistency can be naturally achieved, and the quantities, such as total energy, linear response, can be accurately obtained similar to LDA-type calculations. Applications on several typical systems are presented, and the characteristic aspects of this new method are clarified. The obtained results using LDA+Gutzwiller are in better agreement with existing experiments, suggesting significant improvements over LDA or LDA+U.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
Measurement-based quantum simulation of Abelian lattice gauge theories
Creators: name: Sukeno, Hiroki
name: Okuda, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulation of lattice gauge theories is an indispensable tool in high energy physics, and their quantum simulation is expected to become a major application of quantum computers in the future. In this work, for an Abelian lattice gauge theory in $d$ spacetime dimensions, we define an entangled resource state (generalized cluster state) that reflects the spacetime structure of the gauge theory. We show that sequential single-qubit measurements with the bases adapted according to the former measurement outcomes induce a deterministic Hamiltonian quantum simulation of the gauge theory on the boundary. Our construction includes the $(2+1)$-dimensional Abelian lattice gauge theory simulated on three-dimensional cluster state as an example, and generalizes to the simulation of Wegner's lattice models $M_{(d,n)}$ that involve higher-form Abelian gauge fields. We demonstrate that the generalized cluster state has a symmetry-protected topological order with respect to generalized global symmetries that are related to the symmetries of the simulated gauge theories on the boundary. Our procedure can be generalized to the simulation of Kitaev's Majorana chain on a fermionic resource state. We also study the imaginary-time quantum simulation with two-qubit measurements and post-selections, and a classical-quantum correspondence, where the statistical partition function of the model $M_{(d,n)}$ is written as the overlap between the product of two-qubit measurement bases and the wave function of the generalized cluster state.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures
Observational Appearance of a Freely-falling Star in an Asymmetric Thin-shell Wormhole
Creators: name: Chen, Yiqian
name: Wang, Peng
name: Wu, Houwen
name: Yang, Haitang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently reported that, at late times, the total luminosity of a star freely falling in black holes decays exponentially with time, and one or two series of flashes with decreasing intensity are seen by a specific observer, depending on the number of photon spheres. In this paper, we examine observational appearances of an infalling star in a reflection-asymmetric wormhole, which has two photon spheres, one on each side of the wormhole. We find that the late-time total luminosity measured by distant observers gradually decays with time or remains roughly constant due to the absence of the event horizon. Moreover, a specific observer would detect a couple of light flashes in a bright background at late times. These observations would offer a new tool to distinguish wormholes from black holes, even those with multiple photon spheres.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2206.13705
Stochastic methods for slip prediction in a sheared granular system
Creators: name: Bretz, Philip
name: Kondic, Lou
name: Kramar, Miro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a sheared granular system experiencing intermittent dynamics of stick-slip type via discrete element simulations. The considered setup consists of a two-dimensional system of soft frictional particles sandwiched between solid walls, one of which is exposed to a shearing force. The slip events are detected using stochastic state space models applied to various measures describing the system. We show that the measures describing the forces between the particles provide earlier detection of an upcoming slip event than the measures based solely on the wall movement. By comparing the detection times obtained from the considered measures, we observe that a typical slip event starts with a local change in the force network. However, some local changes do not spread globally over the force network. For the changes that become global, we find a sharp critical value for their size. If the size of a global change exceeds the critical value, then it triggers a slip event; if it does not, then a much weaker micro-slip follows. Quantification of the changes in the force network is made possible by formulating clear and precise measures describing their static and dynamic properties.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Party politics and government in Solomon Islands
Creators: name: Alasia, Sam
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM) Program, The Australian National University
Year: 1997
Subjects: government
Solomon Islands
Kwara’ae
tradition
colonialism
political parties
elections

description: The presence of political parties has often been viewed as an integral part of democracy, and in particular, the Westminster parliamentary system. Parties representing different opinions, policies and ideologies are perceived as necessary for the representation of different interest groups. Also, political parties provide voters the opportunity to select leaders from a number of alternatives. It was, therefore, assumed that in order for democracy to work successfully parties must exist. Consequently, the newly independent states of Africa, Asia and Oceania that emerged in the post-World War II period and subscribed to democracy all attempted to develop a political culture where parties become significant. This is despite the fact that in most of these countries, especially in Melanesia, most voters had not yet understood the concept of party politics. When Solomon Islands gained constitutional independence on 7 July, 1978 and adopted the Westminster system of government from Great Britain, it inherited along with it concepts such as party politics. Consequently, Solomon Islanders who took over leadership of the government were faced with the fact that, in parliament, for the purposes of forming a government they had to align themselves with groups called political parties. The idea that the main governing body is made up of a government and an opposition was relatively new to most Solomon Islanders. However, despite this, political parties have become important in Solomon Islands politics today. Parties (or the absence of strong cohesive parties) have had a profound impact on the process of governance. This paper discusses the emergence and development of political parties in contemporary Solomon Islands. It analyses how party politics influences the process of governance and the nature of politics. The discussions here are drawn largely from my experiences as a member of the Solomon Islands parliament for eight years.
Case Report: A Wandering Central Line
Creators: name: Crowe, Victoria
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Lung
subject: Pulmonary vessels
subject: Vascular
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Arterial access
subject: Venous access
subject: Arteriovenous malformations
subject: Foreign bodies

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 79 years
description: Clinical History: This patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for treatment of septic shock, necessitating the placement of a central venous line (CVL). The line was introduced via the left internal jugular vein, under ultrasound guidance. A chest x-ray was perfor... Final Diagnosis: Isolated, left upper lobe PAPVC.
Breathers in lattices with alternating strain-hardening and strain-softening interactions
Creators: name: Lee, Marisa M.
name: Charalampidis, Efstathios G.
name: Xing, Siyuan
name: Chong, Christopher
name: Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work focuses on the study of time-periodic solutions, including breathers, in a nonlinear lattice consisting of elements whose contacts alternate between strain-hardening and strain-softening. The existence, stability, and bifurcation structure of such solutions, as well as the system dynamics in the presence of damping and driving are studied systematically. It is found that the linear resonant peaks in the system bend toward the frequency gap in the presence of nonlinearity. The time-periodic solutions that lie within the frequency gap compare well to Hamiltonian breathers if the damping and driving are small. In the Hamiltonian limit of the problem, we use a multiple scale analysis to derive a Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation to construct both acoustic and optical breathers. The latter compare very well with the numerically obtained breathers in the Hamiltonian limit.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures
Deconfinement Phase Transition in Hot and Dense QCD at Large N
Creators: name: Zhitnitsky, Ariel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture that the confinement- deconfinement phase transition in QCD at large number of colors $N$ and $N_f\ll N$ at $T\neq 0$ and $μ\neq 0$ is triggered by the drastic change in $θ$ behavior. The conjecture is motivated by the holographic model of QCD where confinement -deconfinement phase transition indeed happens precisely at $T=T_c$ where $θ$ dependence experiences a sudden change in behavior. The conjecture is also supported by quantum field theory arguments when the instanton calculations (which trigger the $θ$ dependence) are under complete theoretical control for $T>T_c$, suddenly break down immediately below $T
description: Talk at the Workshop honoring 60th anniversary of Misha Shifman
A novel "spectral-ratio model fitting" to resolve complicated AGN X-ray spectral variations
Creators: name: Midooka, Takuya
name: Mizumoto, Misaki
name: Ebisawa, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contemporary radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the AGNs predicts presence of the hot and strong accretion disk wind, which gets unstable far from the central region and turns into gas clumps. These inner-wind and outer clumps may be actually observed as the ultrafast outflows (UFOs) and the clumpy absorbers, respectively. We may call this picture as the "hot inner and clumpy outer wind model". Observationally, it is challenging to place constraints on the origin of the UFOs and clumpy absorbers due to complicated spectral variations. We developed a novel method, "spectral-ratio model fitting", to resolve parameter degeneracy of the clumpy absorbers and other spectral components. In this method, the parameters of the absorber in the line of sight are estimated from the ratio of the partially absorbed spectrum to the non-absorbed one. We applied this method to the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809 observed by XMM-Newton in 2016 for 1.5 Ms, where the source showed extreme spectral variability and complex absorption features. As a result, we found that the soft spectral variation is mostly explained by a change of the covering fraction of the mildly-ionized clumpy absorbers, and that these absorbers are outflowing with such a high velocity that is comparable to that of the UFO (~ 0.2-0.3 c). This result implies that the formation of the clumpy absorbers and the UFO shares the same origin, supporting the "hot inner and clumpy outer wind model".
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the AN as proceedings of XMM-Newton 2022 Science Workshop
Statistical Properties of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars in the Spheroid: Detection of a Moving Group approximately 50 kpc from the Sun
Creators: name: Harrigan, Matthew J.
name: Newberg, Heidi Jo
name: Newberg, Lee A.
name: Yanny, Brian
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: Lee, Young Sun
name: Fiorentin, Paola Re
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new moving group comprising at least four Blue Horizontal Branch (BHB) stars is identified at (l,b) = (65 deg, 48 deg). The horizontal branch at g0=18.9 magnitude implies a distance of 50 kpc from the Sun. The heliocentric radial velocity is RV = -157 +/- 4 km/s, corresponding to V(gsr) = -10 km/s; the dispersion in line-of-sight velocity is consistent with the instrumental errors for these stars. The mean metallicity of the moving group is [Fe/H] approximately -2.4, which is significantly more metal poor than the stellar spheroid. We estimate that the BHB stars in the outer halo have a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -2.0, with a wide scatter and a distribution that does not change much as a function of distance from the Sun. We explore the systematics of SDSS DR7 surface gravity metallicity determinations for faint BHB stars, and present a technique for estimating the significance of clumps discovered in multidimensional data. This moving group cannot be distinguished in density, and highlights the need to collect many more spectra of Galactic stars to unravel the merger history of the Galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Wrinkling instability in unsupported epithelial sheets
Creators: name: Andrenšek, Urška
name: Ziherl, Primož
name: Krajnc, Matej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the elasticity of unsupported epithelial monolayer and we discover that unlike a thin solid plate, which wrinkles if geometrically incompatible with the underlying substrate, the epithelium may do so even in absence of the substrate. From a cell-based model, we derive an exact elasticity theory and discover wrinkling driven by the differential apico-basal surface tension. Our theory can be mapped onto that for solid plates by introducing a phantom substrate whose stiffness is finite beyond a critical differential tension. This suggests a new mechanism for an autonomous control of tissues over the length scale of their surface patterns.
Are Newly Discovered HI High Velocity Clouds Minihalos in the Local Group?
Creators: name: Giovanelli, Riccardo
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Kent, Brian R.
name: Adams, Elizabeth K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of HI sources extracted from the north Galactic polar region by the ongoing ALFALFA survey has properties that are consistent with the interpretation that they are associated with isolated minihalos in the outskirts of the Local Group (LG). Unlike objects detected by previous surveys, such as the Compact High Velocity Clouds of Braun & Burton (1999), the HI clouds found by ALFALFA do not violate any structural requirements or halo scaling laws of the LambdaCDM structure paradigm, nor would they have been detected by extant HI surveys of nearby galaxy groups other than the LG. At a distance of d Mpc, their HI masses range between $5 x 10^4 d^2 and 10^6 d^2 solar and their HI radii between <0.4d and 1.6 d kpc. If they are parts of gravitationally bound halos, the total masses would be on order of 10^8--10^9 solar, their baryonic content would be signifcantly smaller than the cosmic fraction of 0.16 and present in a ionized gas phase of mass well exceeding that of the neutral phase. This study does not however prove that the minihalo interpretation is unique. Among possible alternatives would be that the clouds are shreds of the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; to appear Ap.J. Letters
Models of high redshift luminosity functions and galactic outflows: The dependence on halo mass function
Creators: name: Samui, Saumyadip
name: Subramanian, Kandaswamy
name: Srianand, Raghunathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The form of the halo mass function is a basic ingredient in any semi-analytical galaxy formation model. We study the existing forms of the mass functions in the literature and compare their predictions for semi-analytical galaxy formation models. Two methods are used in the literature to compute the net formation rate of halos, one by simply taking the derivative of the halo mass function and the other using the prescription due to Sasaki (1994). For the Press-Schechter (PS) mass function, we compare various model predictions, using these two methods. However, as the Sasaki formalism cannot be easily generalized for other mass functions, we use the derivative while comparing model predictions of different mass functions. We show that the reionization history and UV luminosity function of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) predicted by the PS mass function differs from those using any other existing mass function, like Sheth-Tormen (ST) mass function.In particular the reionization efficiency of molecular cooled halos has to be substantially reduced when one uses the ST and other mass functions obtained from the simulation instead of the PS mass function. Using $χ^2$-minimization, we find that the observed UV luminosity functions of LBGs at $3.0\le z\le 7.4$ are better reproduced by models using the ST mass function compared to models that use the PS mass function. On the other hand, the volume filling factor of the metals expelled from the galaxies through supernovae driven outflows differs very little between models with different mass functions. It depends on the way we treat merging outflows. We also show that the porosity weighted average quantities related to the outflow are not very sensitive to the differences in the halo mass function.
description: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy