Colletes rutilans Vachal 1909
Creators: name: Ferrari, Rafael R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Colletes
Colletes rutilans

description: Colletes rutilans Vachal, 1909
(Figs. 54A–F)
Colletes rutilans Vachal, 1909: 52; Cockerell 1918b: 207; Toro 1986: 123, 1999: 30; Moure & Urban 2002: 20; Moure et al. 2007: 687; Montalva & Ruz 2010: 22; Ascher & Pickering 2017.
Holotype ♀ (examined). {MNHP}.
Diagnosis. The combination of malar area shorter than basal depth of mandible and marginal zones of T1–T5 covered with appressed hairs is sufficient to distinguish C. rutilans from all other Chilean species of the genus, except C. lucens. However, C. rutilans is different in having a ferruginous mesoscutal pubescence (mesoscutal pubescence pale-yellow in C. lucens), and T1 densely and moderately finely punctate (punctation on T1 inconspicuous in C. lucens).
Redescription. FEMALE (Figs. 54A, 54C, 54E): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.7–9.5; head width 3.2–3.5; head length 2.4–2.6; intertegular distance 2.1–2.5; fore wing length 6.6–7.2.
Colouration: Black except dark-brown on wing veins, stigma, dorsal surface of tarsi (except distitarsi palebrown). Reddish-brown on distal half of tarsal claws; marked on distal half of mandible (except subapical tooth entirely black). Pale-orange on tegula, proximal half of tarsal claws. Pale-yellow on tibial spurs, marginal zones of S1–S5. Pale-brown on marginal zones of T1–T4.
Structure: Labrum medially flat and without ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area neither depressed nor carinate; adjacent lateral area convex; apicomedial ridge absent. Malar area ~0.4x as long as basal depth of mandible (21:50). F1 ~1.3x as long as its apical width (30:23). UID:LID (68:59). Genal area flat behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum modified into a spine. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum half as long as metanotum (25:50); metapostnotal pits well-delimited; posterior transverse carina straight and complete. Posteromedial surface of front coxa bearing very short spine (0.25x MOD). Posterior hind tibial spur ciliate. Hind basitarsus ~3.1x longer than broad (41:13). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~1.9x as long as inner rami (27:14). Posterolateral area of S6 flat and lacking carina; marginal zone depressed.
Pubescence: Ferruginous, branched, erect, moderately long on pronotal lobe, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum; such hairs long on mesepisternum, metepisternum, upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum (except very long), posteroventral surface of front trochanter and femur, ventral surface of mid and hind trochanters, ventral margin of mid femur. Pale-yellow, branched, erect, moderately long on mandible, lateral slopes of clypeus and supraclypeal area, paraocular, frontal and genal (except short behind eye, long near proboscidial fossa) areas, ventral surface of front and mid coxae, T1, S1–S2 (except moderately short on S2). Pale-yellow, suberect, short setae on dorsal surface of front and mid tibiae; such hairs very long on posterior margin of mid and hind basitarsi. Pale-yellow, erect, moderately short on posterior surface of front tibia and basitarsus, dorsal surface mid basitarsus and hind basitarsus and tibia; such hairs thick on ventral surface of mid and hind tarsi (thickest towards distal margin). Pale-yellow, suberect, very long hairs, which are branched only apically on anterior surface of hind femur and tibia. Discs of T2–T5 with pale-yellow, suberect, minute setae; T4–T5 also with some erect, moderately short setae; marginal zones of T1–T5 with bright-yellow appressed hairs. S3–S6 with pale-yellow, erect, moderately short setae on discs; marginal zones with plumose, suberect hairs.
Surface sculpture: Clypeus evenly densely and moderately coarsely punctate; integument longitudinally striate throughout. Malar area substrigulate. Supraclypeal area densely and moderately coarsely punctate; interspaces rugulose but somewhat shiny. Paraocular area punctures crowded and moderately coarse below; slightly sparser and finer above. Frontal area punctures crowded and moderately coarse. Vertexal area densely punctate with moderately coarse and fine punctures intermingled (interspaces smooth); integument rugose near occipital area. Mesoscutum densely and moderately coarsely punctate on anterior half; sparser and coarser on posterior half; interspaces smooth and shiny throughout. Scutellum punctures crowded and moderately coarse. Metanotal punctation difficult to discern from overall rugose interspaces. Mesepisternum moderately densely punctate with coarse and minute punctures intermingled; interspaces smooth and shiny (except rugulose anteriorly to episternal groove). Metepisternum rugose above and below; obliquely striate medially. Lateral surface of propodeum rugose. Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum transversely striate medially. T1–T2 densely (except sparsely on T1 mid-longitudinally) and moderately finely punctate. T3–T5 finely and densely punctate; interspaces smooth and shiny throughout. S1 with very sparse fine punctures. S2–S6 finely and moderately densely punctate (except sparsely punctate mid-longitudinally); interspaces imbricate.
MALE (Figs. 54B, 54D, 54F). As in female, except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows:
Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.2–8.9; head width 2.7–3.0; head length 2.1–2.2; intertegular distance 1.9–2.2; fore wing length 6.3–6.8.
Colouration: Mandibular subapical tooth mostly reddish-brown (except apex black). Dorsal surface of hind tibia and discs of metasomal sterna dark-brown.
Structure: Malar area 0.9x as long as basal depth of mandible (27:30). F1 ~1.3x as long as its apical width (30:23). UID:LID (64:50). Genal area concave behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.9x as long as metanotum (26:30). Posteromedial surface of front coxa without spine. Hind basitarsus ~3.9x longer than broad (43:11). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~1.4x as long as inner rami (17:12). Marginal zone of S6 not depressed. S7, S8 and genital capsule as in Figs. 55A, 55B, 55C, respectively.
Pubescence: Genal hairs long behind eye. Dorsal surface of front and mid tibiae with erect setae. Disc of T2 with plumose, erect hairs.
Surface sculpture: Supraclypeal area punctures crowded. Mesoscutal anterior half moderately densely punctate. Mesepisternal area just below scrobe with rugulose interspaces. Mid-longitudinal band of T1 moderately densely punctate. T4–T6 with imbricate interspaces.
Material studied. Primary type specimen: Holotype ♀ —“- Baños-; (Ecuad.); R. Haensch S. ”. “HOLOTYPE”. “Coll. ♀; rutilans; Vach.”. “MUSEUM PARIS; COLL. J. VACHAL 1911”. “ Colletes; rutilans; Vach.”. {MNHP}.
Additional specimens: CHILE — Region XV: Lluta valley, (-18.325, -69.836), 1391m, 7/ii/1965, [L.Peña], 2♀♀ 1♂, {AMNH}. Region II: Calama, (-22.443, -68.942), 2252m, i/1995, [Arriagada], 1♀, {AMNH}; idem, except ii/1992, 2♂♂. Lasana, (-22.266, -68.621), 2701m, xi/1996, [U.Peña], 5♂♂, {AMNH}. 20km N of San Pedro de Atacama, (-22.689, -68.250), 3132m, 26/iii/2000, [L.Packer], 1♂, {PCYU}; idem, except 29/iii/2000, 1♀. San Pedro de Atacama, (-22.910, -68.211), 2422m, 20/ii/1960, [L.Peña], 1♀, {AMNH}. ECUADOR—Loja: Loja, (-4.007, -79.192), 2168m, 25/x/2014, [A.Pauly], 4♀♀, {PCYU}; idem, except 13/x/2014, 1♀.
Range. Chile (Regions XV, I, II), Ecuador (Loja, Tungurahua), Peru (La Libertad). See also Fig. 10B.
Biogeographic distribution. Brazilian sub-region—Pacific dominion (Cauca province). South American transition zone (Desert and Atacama provinces). Western South American species distributed at altitudes of 1300– 3200m a.s.l.
DNA barcode. Available. BOLD: AAI9251 (2♀♀). Only specimens from northern Chile were barcoded.
Floral hosts. Compositae— Taraxacum sp. (this study).
Comments. Colletes rutilans is widely distributed in western South America: besides the specimens from northern Chile, I also examined six females from the type locality (Loja Province, Ecuador), including the holotype. However, the species has also been recorded as far north as the Colombian Department of Magdalena, close to the border with Venezuela (Ascher & Pickering 2017). Specimens from Ecuador and Chile are morphologically indistinguishable.
The female holotype is missing the metasoma; the head and mesosoma (including legs and wings) are in good condition.
description: Published as part of Ferrari, Rafael R., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the species of Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletinae) found in Chile, pp. 1-137 in Zootaxa 4364 (1) on pages 103-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4364.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1116008