cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Development of a Hydroduct
Creators: name: Anderson, Roy Gene
name: Rush, Charles Wesley
name: McClellan, Thomas Rufus
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1947
Subjects: Aeronautics
Aeronautical Engineering

description: This report presents the results of experiments on a device for producing thrust for underwater propulsion. The principle of the device is based on accelerating a large mass of water by expansion of a small mass of gas, the gas being injected continuously into the water. The investigation consisted of tests conducted on ducts of several different designs; varying the exit area of the duets, the water and gas flow, and the method of injecting and mixing the gas and water.

Using hydrogen gas at a rate of 0.0165 lbs/sec at a water flow rate of 27.4 lbs/sec, a maximum gross thrust of 29.2 lbs was obtained. At this water flow rate the internal friction drag of the duct was 20.5 lbs, giving a net thrust of 8.7 lbs. The effective exhaust velocity for these flow rates was 56,900 ft/sec.. ThAt is equivalent to a specific impulse of 1,770 sec., whereas a good conventional rocket fuel would have a specific impulse of about 250 sec. At low gas flow rates an effective exhaust velocity of 296,000 ft/sec. was obtained. However, at this low gas rate the gross thrust was less than the internal friction drag of the duct.

Effective exhaust velocity is defined as gross thrust divided by the mass flow rate of gas, and has the dimensions of velocity.
СОСТОЯНИЕ ПУСТЫННЫХ ФИТОЦЕНОЗОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН НА ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ АВАРИЙНОГО ПАДЕНИЯ РАКЕТ-НОСИТЕЛЕЙ
Creators: name: ШАРАПОВА А.В.
name: КОРОЛЕВА Т.В.
name: СЕМЕНКОВ И.Н.
name: ЛЕДНЕВ С.А.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: РАКЕТА-НОСИТЕЛЬ
ТЕХНОГЕННОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ
САМОВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ФИТОЦЕНОЗОВ
РУДЕРАЛЬНЫЕ ОДНОЛЕТНИКИ
ДЕМУТАЦИЯ
КАЗАХСТАН
LAUNCH VEHICLE
TECHNOGENIC IMPACT
REVEGETATION
RUDERAL ANNUALS
SECONDARY SUCCESSION
KAZAKHSTAN

description: В статье охарактеризован растительный покров, сформировавшийся через 4-12 лет на трех местах аварийных падений ракет-носителей, использующих в качестве топлива токсичный несимметричный диметилгидразин. Авария ракеты-носителя сопровождается химическим, механическим и термическим (или пирогенным) воздействием на растительный покров, которое распространяется на разное расстояние от места удара, формируя характерные зоны техногенных нарушений. Для характеристики растительного покрова на трёх местах аварийных падений ракет-носителей, произошедших в 2006-2013 гг., выполнены геоботанические описания на площадках, расположенных на различном удалении от центра места удара. Особенностью самовосстановления растительного покрова на исследованных местах падения является формирование однолетнесолянкового сообщества ( Climacoptera lanata, Salsola laricina, S. paulsenii и др.) с относительно высоким проективным покрытием на месте бывшей ударной воронки вследствие просадки грунта и перераспределения поверхностного стока. По мере удаления от центра места удара наблюдается демутация исходной растительности: уменьшается участие однолетников, увеличивается общее проективное покрытие и флористическая насыщенность сообществ. Самовосстановление фитоценозов без проведения биологической рекультивации может составлять не менее 15 лет по наиболее оптимистичным прогнозам.
Regional cortical thickness and neuroticism across the lifespan
Creators: name: Sweeney, Melissa
name: Tsapanou, Angeliki
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Brain--Aging
Neuroticism
Sex
Magnetic resonance imaging

description: Neuroticism is associated with greater reactivity to stress and lifetime psychopathology. In the present study we examined the association between neuroticism and regional and total cortical thickness (CT) across the lifespan, accounting for gender. We also assessed interactions among these factors. 450 subjects between 19 and 80 years were included. Participants completed the International Personality Item Pool and a structural MRI scan. Total CT and the mean values of CT in five regions of interest were examined. We also investigated the interaction effect among age, gender and neuroticism on CT. There was no significant association between neuroticism and regional/total CT. A significant interaction between neuroticism, age, and gender on the thickness of the anterior cingulate was found. Women high in neuroticism showed a thinner anterior cingulate cortex than women low in neuroticism, with increasing age. In contrast, men high in neuroticism had a thicker anterior cingulate cortex compared to men low in neuroticism, with increasing age. Overall, high neuroticism was associated with differential cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate among men and women with increasing age.
Cosmological anisotropy from non-comoving dark matter and dark energy
Creators: name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a cosmological model in which the two major fluid components of the Universe, dark energy and dark matter, flow with distinct four-velocities. This cosmological configuration is equivalent to a single anisotropic fluid, expanding with a four-velocity that is an appropriate combination of the two fluid four-velocities. The energy density of the single cosmological fluid is larger than the sum of the energy densities of the two perfect fluids, i.e., dark energy and dark matter, respectively, and contains a correction term due to the anisotropy generated by the differences in the four-velocities. Furthermore, the gravitational field equations of the two-fluid anisotropic cosmological model are obtained for a Bianchi type I geometry. By assuming that the non-comoving motion of the dark energy and dark matter induces small perturbations in the homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker type cosmological background, and that the anisotropy parameter is small, the equations of the cosmological perturbations due to the non-comoving nature of the two major components are obtained. The time evolution of the metric perturbations is explicitly obtained for the cases of the exponential and power law background cosmological expansion. Therefore, if there is a slight difference between the four-velocities of the dark energy and dark matter, the Universe would acquire some anisotropic characteristics, and its geometry will deviate from the standard FLRW one. In fact, the recent Planck results show that the presence of an intrinsic large scale anisotropy in the Universe cannot be excluded {\it a priori}, so that the model presented in this work can be considered as a plausible and viable working hypothesis.
description: 16 pages, no figures; minor modifications; accepted for publication in JCAP
Synchronization of Weakly Coupled Oscillators: Coupling, Delay and Topology
Creators: name: Mallada, Enrique
name: Tang, Ao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are three key factors of a system of coupled oscillators that characterize the interaction among them: coupling (how to affect), delay (when to affect) and topology (whom to affect). For each of them, the existing work has mainly focused on special cases. With new angles and tools, this paper makes progress in relaxing some assumptions of these factors. There are three main results in this paper. First, by using results from algebraic graph theory, a sufficient condition is obtained which can be used to check equilibrium stability. This condition works for arbitrary topology. It generalizes existing results and also leads to a sufficient condition on the coupling function with which the system is guaranteed to reach synchronization. Second, it is known that identical oscillators with sin() coupling functions are guaranteed to synchronize in phase on a complete graph. Using our results, we demonstrate that for many cases certain structures instead of exact shape of the coupling function such as symmetry and concavity are the keys for global synchronization. Finally, the effect of heterogenous delays is investigated. We develop a new framework by constructing a non-delayed phase model that approximates the original one in the continuum limit. We further derive how its stability properties depend on the delay distribution. In particular, we show that heterogeneity, i.e. wider delay distribution, can help reach in-phase synchronization.
description: 28 pages, preprint
Theoretical studies of photoionization
Creators: name: Nascimento, Marco Antonio Chaer
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1976
Subjects: Chemistry

description: The photionization cross-section is shown to be directly related to the imaginary part of the frequency dependent
polarizability.

Using this relation, an approximate representation of the frequency-dependent polarizability is constructed from a discrete set of transition frequencies and oscillator strengths, which in turn is used in an analytical continuation procedure for complex values of the frequency. The great advantage of the method resides on the fact that the use of a discrete representation for the dynamic
polarizability explicitly avoids the use of continuum functions.

The method is applied to the calculation of the photoionization cross-section for the 2^1S and 2^3S metastable states of the He atom and for the H^- atom. Further improvements of the technique are suggested.
OPE of the pseudoscalar gluonium correlator in massless QCD to three-loop order
Creators: name: Zoller, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper analytical results are presented for higher order corrections to coefficient functions of the operator product expansion (OPE) for the correlator of two pseudoscalar gluonium operators \tilde{O}_1=G^{μν}\tilde{G}_{μν}. The Wilson coefficient in front of the scalar gluon condensate operator O_1=-1/4 G^{μν}G_{μν} is given at three-loop accuracy. The leading coefficient C_0 in front of the unity operator O_0=1 has been calculated up to three-loop order some time ago but has been checked independently in this work. It is interesting to see that the coefficient C_1 in the pseudoscalar case is finite, whereas contact terms appear in C_0 in this case and in both coefficients C_0 and C_1 in the cases of the scalar gluonium correlator and the energy momentum tensor correlator. For the corresponding Renormalization Group invariant Wilson coefficients which are also constructed the results are partially extended to four-loop accuracy. All results are given in the MSbar-scheme at zero temperature.
description: v2: minor improvements, extended numerics
РАЗЛОЖЕНИЕ РИСОВОЙ СОЛОМЫ МОКРИЦАМИ (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA) И ДВУПАРНОНОГИМИ МНОГОНОЖКАМИ (MYRIAPODA, DIPLOPODA) В ПОЧВАХ КАЛМЫКИИ В ЛАБОРАТОРНОМ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ
Creators: name: ЗАЙЦЕВ А.С.
name: ГОРБУНОВА А.Ю.
name: ГОНГАЛЬСКИЙ К.Б.
name: ЛЕБЕДЕВ Ю.М.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: БИОРАЗЛОЖЕНИЕ
ISOPODA
DIPLOPODA
ПЕРЕРАБОТКА ПОЖНИВНЫХ ОСТАТКОВ
ТРУДНОРАЗЛАГАЕМОЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ ВЕЩЕСТВО
BIODEGRADATION
PROCESSING OF CROP RESIDUES
HARDLY DECOMPOSABLE ORGANIC MATTER

description: Пожнивные остатки риса являются одним из наиболее трудноразлагаемых отходов сельского хозяйства в аридных условиях. Был проведен лабораторный эксперимент по разложению рисовой соломы мокрицами и двупарноногими многоножками, обитающими в сухих степях Калмыкии в России. По пять особей двух видов мокриц ( Armadillidium vulgare и Protracheoniscus kryszanovskii ) или двух видов многоножек ( Brachydesmus assimilis и Cylindroiulus sp.) были помещены в микрокосмы с почвой и 2.5 г рисовой соломы. Масса соломы достоверно снизилась для всех видов в среднем приблизительно на 50% за 4 месяца эксперимента. Содержание органического вещества в почве до и после эксперимента достоверно не изменилось, что позволяет предположить, что отобранные виды мокриц и многоножек могут поедать и, таким образом, утилизировать рисовую солому по меньшей мере в экспериментальных условиях.
Brain biomarkers and cognition across adulthood
Creators: name: Tsapanou, Angeliki
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Gazes, Yunglin
name: Razlighi, Qolamreza R.
name: Sakhardande, Jayant D.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Salthouse, Timothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cognition
Brain--Aging
Biochemical markers

description: Understanding the associations between brain biomarkers (BMs) and cognition across age is of paramount importance. Five hundred and sixty‐two participants (19–80 years old, 16 mean years of education) were studied. Data from structural T1, diffusion tensor imaging, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans combined with a neuropsychological evaluation were used. More specifically, the measures of cortical, entorhinal, and parahippocampal thickness, hippocampal and striatal volume, default‐mode network and fronto‐parietal control network, fractional anisotropy (FA), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) were assessed. z‐Scores for three cognitive domains measuring episodic memory, executive function, and speed of processing were computed. Multiple linear regressions and interaction effects between each of the BMs and age on cognition were examined. Adjustments were made for age, sex, education, intracranial volume, and then, further, for general cognition and motion. BMs were significantly associated with cognition. Across the adult lifespan, slow speed was associated with low striatal volume, low FA, and high WMH burden. Poor executive function was associated with low FA, while poor memory was associated with high WMH burden. After adjustments, results were significant for the associations: speed‐FA and WMH, memory‐entorhinal thickness. There was also a significant interaction between hippocampal volume and age in memory. In age‐stratified analyses, the most significant associations for the young group occurred between FA and executive function, WMH, and memory, while for the old group, between entorhinal thickness and speed, and WMH and speed, executive function. Unique sets of BMs can explain variation in specific cognitive domains across adulthood. Such results provide essential information about the neurobiology of aging.
Probing Anomalous HZZ Couplings at the LHeC
Creators: name: Cakir, I. T.
name: Cakir, O.
name: Senol, A.
name: Tasci, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the sensitivity to the couplings of the Higgs boson to neutral gauge bosons in a model independent way at the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC). We have obtained the constraints on anomalous couplings for $HZZ$ vertex via the process $e^{-}p\rightarrow e^{-}HqX$. We find the accessible limits of the anomalous coupling $b_{Z}$ as $(-0.12,0.43)$ and $(-0.10,0.33)$, while the limits on coupling $β_{Z}$ as ($-0.32,0.32$) and $(-0.24,0.24)$ at the electron beam energy $E_{e}=60$ GeV and $E_{e}=140$ GeV, respectively.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Effects of L-DOPA monotherapy on psychomotor speed and [11C] raclopride binding in high-risk older adults with depression
Creators: name: Rutherford, Bret R.
name: Slifstein, Mark
name: Chen, Chen
name: Abi-Dargham, Anissa
name: Brown, Patrick
name: Wall, Melanie M.
name: Vanegas-Arroyave, Nora
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Bailey, Veronika
name: Valente, Emily
name: Roose, Steven P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Depression, Mental
Dopa
Depression in old age--Treatment
Gait in humans

description: Background: A high-risk subgroup of older patients with depression has slowed processing and gait speeds. This study examined whether carbidopa/levodopa (L-DOPA) monotherapy increased dopamine availability, increased processing/gait speed, and relieved depressive symptoms. Methods: Adult outpatients with depression >59 years old underwent baseline [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography followed by open L-DOPA for 3 weeks (1 week each of 150 mg, 300 mg, and 450 mg). Generalized estimating equations tested the pre- and post-L-DOPA differences in processing and gait speed measures, depressive symptoms, and reported side effects. The decrease in binding potential between the pre- and posttreatment scans indexed enhanced synaptic dopamine availability induced by L-DOPA treatment. Results: Thirty-six subjects participated (age, 75.3 ± 7.5 years; 44.4% male). Significant, dose-dependent increases in processing and gait speed were observed with L-DOPA (450-mg dose: processing speed factor score effect size = 0.41, p = .001; dual-task gait speed effect size = 0.43, p = .002). [11C]raclopride decrease in binding potential was significantly different from 0 in sensorimotor (t24 = −4.85, p < .001) and associative striatum (t24 = −2.52, p = .019) but not in limbic striatum (t24 = 0.265, p = .793). Depressive symptoms decreased significantly on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (effect size = −0.37, p = .002). Dropout rate was 8.3%, and nausea was the most frequently reported side effect. Conclusions: By enhancing availability of dopamine, L-DOPA improved processing and gait speed in older adults with depression and significantly decreased [11C]raclopride binding in selected striatal subregions.
МАКРО- И МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ МАКРОФИТОВ ПРЕСНОВОДНОЙ ЧАСТИ УСТЬЕВОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ВОЛГИ
Creators: name: ПОКРОВСКИЙ О.С.
name: БРЕХОВСКИХ В.Ф.
name: САВЕНКО А.В.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: МАКРОФИТЫ
МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТЫ
МАКРОКОМПОНЕНТЫ
ГРУППОВОЕ КОНЦЕНТРИРОВАНИЕ
МЕЖВИДОВЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ
УСТЬЕВАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ ВОЛГИ
MACROPHYTES
TRACE ELEMENTS
MACRO COMPONENTS
GROUP CONCENTRATING
INTERSPECIES DIFFERENCES
THE VOLGA RIVER MOUTH AREA

description: Определены концентрации макрокомпонентов (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P) и микроэлементов (Rb, Cs, Be, Sr, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Sn, Sb, Al, Ga), а также редкоземельных элементов (Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, U, Nb, Ta, B, V, Cr, Ge, As, Mo, W) в 12 видах макрофитов, отобранных в пресноводной части устьевой области Волги. Установлены тесные корреляционные связи средневидовых содержаний: а) большинства изученных микроэлементов, подтверждающие обнаруженное ранее для тяжелых металлов и хрома явление группового концентрирования; б) магния, кальция и микроэлементов, способных к их изоморфному замещению; в) типично биогенных элементов - калия и фосфора. Выявлено закономерное возрастание концентраций микроэлементов и в меньшей степени магния и кальция в ряду «гелофиты -> крупнолистные гидрофиты -> разнолистные гидрофиты -> мелколистные, в том числе полностью погруженные в воду гидрофиты», который соответствует увеличению эффективной площади поверхности растений, находящейся в водной среде.
Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance
Creators: name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Arenaza‐Urquijo, Eider M.
name: Bartrés‐Faz, David
name: Belleville, Sylvie
name: Cantilon, Marc
name: Chetelat, Gael
name: Ewers, Michael
name: Franzmeier, Nicolai
name: Kempermann, Gerd
name: Kremen, William S.
name: Okonkwo, Ozioma
name: Scarmeas, Nikolaos
name: Soldan, Anja
name: Udeh‐Momoh, Chinedu
name: Valenzuela, Michael
name: Vemuri, Prashanthi
name: Vuoksimaa, Eero
name: Reserve, Resilience
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease
Cognition
Epidemiology

description: Several concepts, which in the aggregate get might be used to account for “resilience” against age‐ and disease‐related changes, have been the subject of much research. These include brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance. However, different investigators have use these terms in different ways, and there has never been an attempt to arrive at consensus on the definition of these concepts. Furthermore, there has been confusion regarding the measurement of these constructs and the appropriate ways to apply them to research. Therefore the reserve, resilience, and protective factors professional interest area, established under the auspices of the Alzheimer's Association, established a whitepaper workgroup to develop consensus definitions for cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. The workgroup also evaluated measures that have been used to implement these concepts in research settings and developed guidelines for research that explores or utilizes these concepts. The workgroup hopes that this whitepaper will form a reference point for researchers in this area and facilitate research by supplying a common language.
Naturheilkunde, Komplementäre und Integrative Medizin bei chronischen Erkrankungen
Creators: name: Jeitler, Michael
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Naturopathy
subject: Complementary medicine
subject: Integrative medicine
subject: Yoga
subject: Meditation
subject: Fasting
subject: Nutrition
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Der demografische Wandel und die Zunahme chronischer nicht-übertragbarer Krankheiten stellen Herausforderungen für die nächsten Dekaden dar. Die Komplementäre und Integrative Medizin (Englisch: Complementary and Integrative Medicine, CIM) kann die konventionelle Medizin mit evidenzbasierten naturheilkundlichen Interventionen zu einem therapeutischen Gesamtkonzept ergänzen, um vor allem Präventions- oder Therapiestrategien zu verbessern, insbesondere bei lebensstil- und verhaltensabhängigen chronischen Erkrankungen. Aus dieser Perspektive ist Gesundheit ein proaktiver, dynamischer Prozess, der die Selbstwirksamkeit und Eigenkompetenz des Einzelnen im Hinblick auf präventives Verhalten fördern soll, vor allem durch das systematische Erlernen gesundheitsförderlicher Lebensstilaspekte. Die Inanspruchnahme naturheilkundlicher Verfahren ist in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich hoch, obwohl robuste Evidenz noch aussteht bzw. nur in Teilbereichen vorhanden ist. Mit Ausnahme weniger Bereiche der Naturheilkunde ist die Evidenzlage für die Wirksamkeit der CIM bei chronischen Erkrankungen unzureichend. Die Studien dieser Arbeit zeigten bei den Indikationen Metabolisches Syndrom, Distress und stress-assoziierte Beschwerden Hinweise auf günstige Effekte naturheilkundlicher Verfahren, insbesondere im Bereich der Ernährungstherapie, der Fastentherapie und der Mind-Body-Medizin. Für eine mögliche Integration der Komplementärmedizin in die konventionelle Medizin im Sinne einer Integrativen Medizin ist weitere Grundlagen- und klinische Forschung auf methodologisch hohem Niveau notwendig.
Photoionization ion cylotron resonance spectroscopy:  a study of three C_3H_6O isomers
Creators: name: Weigel, John Mitchell
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1973
Subjects: Chemistry

description: Photoionization ion cyclotron resonance (pi-icr) spectroscopy is described in detail. The construction and use of rare gas resonance line lamps employing LiF windows is described, with principle emphasis on the argon resonance line lamp that produces photons of 11.62 and
11.83 eV. Calculations of the number density and single resonance signal intensity are made for primary, secondary, and tertiary ions, and the low pressure lineshape calculated for an unreactive primary ion.

The ion chemistry of propanal, acetone, and propylene oxide (empirical formula C_3H_6O) is investigated using pi-icr with the argon resonance line lamp. The major reaction sequence in propanal and acetone is parent ion producing protonated parent ion, which condenses with the parent
neutral to produce the proton bound dimer. This is also the reaction sequence in ethylene oxide. In propylene oxide, however, the parent ion relative abundance is esentially constant from 10^(-6) to 10^(-4) torr. The fragment ion of mass 43 is the predominant primary ion at the argon resonance lines, and reacts to form ions of mass 41, 57, and 59.  Double resonance is used to determine the reaction sequence of the major ions.  At 10^(-4) torr, there is less than 2% of the proton bound dimer in propylene oxide, while in acetone or propanal the proton bound dimer is the major
product ion.  Preliminary photolysis results on propylene oxide suggest a chain process is involved converting propylene oxide to propanal.
Verbreitung antibiotikaresistenter Erreger in Deutschland und Europa: Analysen ausgewählter Surveys und Surveillance-Daten
Creators: name: Walter, Jan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Surveillance
subject: Antibiotic resistance
subject: Germany
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Surveillancesysteme und Surveys dienen unter anderem dazu, Trends der Krankheitslast festzustellen und Prävalenzen zu messen. Das konnte hier anhand zweier Surveillancesysteme zur Entwicklung der Inzidenz von MRSA-Infektionen und -Besiedlungen in Deutschland gezeigt werden, als auch anhand zweier Surveys, zum einen zur Besiedlung mit ESBL- und Carbapenemase-produzierenden Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE und CPE) und zum anderen zur Prävalenz von HAP in europäischen Krankenhäusern der Akutversorgung. Inhaltlich deuten meine Arbeiten darauf hin, dass die Inzidenz von MRSA-Infektionen in Deutschland seit ca. 2012 abgenommen hat. Gestützt werden diese Analysen durch eine Evaluation des Meldesystems für invasive MRSA-Infektionen, die nahelegt, dass die MRSA Surveillance im öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst gut angenommen wird. Für in Deutschland in 2016/2017 ankommende Asylbewerbende konnte Herr Ehlkes zeigen, dass eine Besiedlung mit Carbapenem-resistenten Erregern sehr unwahrscheinlich und die Proportion der mit ESBL-PE besiedelten Asylbewerbenden zwar höher als die in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung ist, aber auch nicht höher liegt als die, die unter Reiserückkehrenden aus tropischen Gebieten nach Deutschland gemessen wurde. Somit sind besondere Hygienemaßnahmen bei einer Krankenhausaufnahme von Asylbewerbenden in Abwesenheit anderer Risikofaktoren nicht indiziert. Die Pneumonie ist eine der häufigsten nosokomialen Infektionen, die mit einer Prävalenz in Krankenhäusern der Akutversorgung in Europa bei ca. 1% liegt. Dabei gibt es relativ wenige Unterscheide zwischen den einzelnen europäischen Ländern. Wie zu erwarten war, ist die Prävalenz auf Intensivstationen und bei intubierten Patienten und Patientinnen deutlich erhöht. Das zeigt eindrücklich das Risiko, das von Intubationen ausgeht. Unnötige oder unnötig lange Intubationen sollte daher unbedingt vermieden und alle empfohlen Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Vermeidung der HAP eingehalten werden. Für die Zukunft gibt es zum einen Veränderungen zu erwarten, die sich durch verschiebende Trends in der Ausbreitung von antibiotikaresistenten Erregern ergeben, wie z.B. eine Abnahme von MRSA-Infektionen aber auch die weitere Ausbreitung von VRE. Zum anderen hoffen wir auf Verbesserungen der Surveillance (insbesondere durch die Einführung von DEMIS) und der Auswertung der Surveillance-Daten (neue Methoden der Schätzung von Inzidenzen basierend auf Prävalenzdaten in Krankenhäusern).
Differential associations between distinct components of cognitive function and mobility: implications for understanding aging, turning and dual-task walking
Creators: name: Sunderaraman, Preeti
name: Maidan, Inbal
name: Kozlovski, Tal
name: Apa, Zoltan
name: Mirelman, Anat
name: Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cognition
Human mechanics
Aging
Older people--Orientation and mobility
Gait in humans

description: Objective: Cognition and mobility are interrelated. However, this association can be impacted by the specific facets of cognition and mobility that are measured, and further by the different task conditions, e.g., single- versus dual-task walking, under which these associations are evaluated. Systematically studying the multiple facets of cognitive-mobility associations under both the task conditions is critical because both cognition and mobility change with age and pose significant risks associated with falls, morbidity, and disability. Methods: Using a cross-sectional, prospective study design, data from 124 healthy adults [mean age (SD) = 61.51 (11.90); mean education (SD) = 15.94 (2.18)] were collected. A comprehensive battery of cognitive tests was administered, and gait was assessed using a small, lightweight, three-axis accelerometer with a gyroscope. Analytical Plan: Data were transformed, and only relatively strong relationships survived after strict statistical criteria adjusting for multiple comparisons were applied. Spearman rho correlation coefficients were used to examine the matrix of correlations between the cognitive-motor variables while adjusting for age and gender. Results: Executive functions, processing speed, and language were associated with distinct facets of variability, pace, and asymmetry, especially under the dual-task walking condition. Both turns and transitions were also associated with cognition during the Timed Up and Go Task. Conclusion: Our results extend converging evidence of the involvement of executive functions and processing speed in specific aspects of mobility, along with the role of language. The study has important implications for aging in terms of both assessment and rehabilitation of cognition and gait as well as for the emerging dual-tasking theories and the role of the neural pathways involved in mobility.
Multiple scattering of light in cold atomic clouds with a magnetic field
Creators: name: Sigwarth, Olivier
name: Labeyrie, Guillaume
name: Delande, Dominique
name: Miniatura, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a microscopic theory for atomic scatterers, we describe the scattering of light by a single atom and study the coherent propagation of light in a cold atomic cloud in the presence of a magnetic field B in the mesoscopic regime. Non-pertubative expressions in B are given for the magneto-optical effects and optical anisotropy. We then consider the multiple scattering regime and address the fate of the coherent backscattering (CBS) effect. We show that, for atoms with nonzero spin in their ground state, the CBS interference contrast can be increased compared to its value when B=0, a result at variance with classical samples. We validate our theoretical results by a quantitative comparison with experimental data.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
title: ТОПЛИВНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ РАБОТЫ МТА ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ АГРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ В ПАХОТНОМ СЛОЕ ПОЧВЫ
Creators: name: Кузыченко , Юрий Алексеевич
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ "Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр"
Year: 2019

description: Цель исследования – оценка топливно-энергетических затрат при основной обработке различными типами отвальных и безотвальных орудий при работе в широком диапазоне влажности пахотного слоя почвы. Исследование проводилось на опытном поле-полигоне на лущённом стерневом фоне колосовых. Тяговые испытания проводились агрегатами с почвообрабатывающими орудиями: отвальным плугом ПЛН-5-35 с культурными отвалами; отвальным плугом ПЛН-5-35 с винтовыми отвалами; плоскорезом-глубокорыхлителем ПГ-3-100; чизельным плугом ПЧ-4,5; плугом со стойками СибИМЭ; плугом со стойками типа «Параплау», глубина обработки 20–22 см. При измерении тягового сопротивления использовался электронно-измерительный комплекс ЭМА-ПМ, установленный на тракторе Т-150К. Установлено заметное снижение топливных и энергетических затрат при обработке безотвальными орудиями в сравнении со вспашкой в среднем на 6 кг/га и 14 кВт·ч/га соответственно. В условиях фермерского хозяйства достаточно велико значение дифференцированного подбора рабочих органов, устанавливаемых на орудия в зависимости от природных и агротехнических условий.
HE4 as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis of pelvic masses: a prospective, multicenter study in 965 patients
Creators: name: Braicu, Elena Ioana
name: Krause, Catherine Linn
name: Torsten, Uwe
name: Mecke, Herbert
name: Richter, Rolf
name: Hellmeyer, Lars
name: Lanowska, Malgorzata
name: Müller, Bodo
name: Koch, Elisa
name: Boenneß-Zaloum, Janine
name: Ames, Kerstin
name: Chekerov, Radoslav
name: Hasenbein, Kati
name: Zimmermann, Mathias
name: Mangler, Mandy
name: Chen, Frank
name: Tauber, Rudolf
name: Sehouli, Jalid
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ovarian cancer
subject: Endometriosis
subject: HE4
subject: CA125
subject: Biomarkers
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: To evaluate the diagnostic value of adding human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and risk of malignancy algorithm (ROMA) to ultrasound for detecting ovarian cancer in patients with a pelvic mass. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, multicenter study. Patients aged > 18 years who were scheduled to undergo surgery for a suspicious pelvic mass had CA125 and HE4 levels measured prior to surgery, in addition to a routine transvaginal ultrasound scan. The diagnostic performance of CA125, HE4 and ROMA for distinguishing between benign and malignant adnexal masses was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC). Results: Of 965 evaluable patients, 804 were diagnosed with benign tumors and 161 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer. In late-stage ovarian cancer, CA125, HE4 and ROMA all had an excellent diagnostic performance (AUC > 0.92), whereas in stage I and II, diagnostic performance of all three biomarkers was less adequate (AUC < 0.77). In the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer and endometriosis, ROMA and HE4 performed better than CA125 with 99 and 98.1% versus 75.0% sensitivity, respectively, at 75.4% specificity. Conclusions: ROMA and HE4 could be valuable biomarkers to help with the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in premenopausal patients in order to differentiate from endometriosis, whereas CA125 may be more adequate for postmenopausal patients.
title: Slip tendency of faults and pore pressure evolution in the “Wasserprovinz Haus Aden” – Ruhr area
Creators: name:  Niederhuber ,  Thomas
name:  Müller ,  Birgit
name:  Müller ,  Lukas
name:  Röckel ,  Thomas
name:  Schilling ,  Frank
name:  Allgaier ,  Felix
name:  Rische ,  Martina
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Mining has required pumping in a wide area of the Ruhr region. In part, this leads to subsidence of more than 10 m. The matrix permeability of the rocks in the underground is rather low. Therefore, fracture fluid flows are assumed to contribute significantly to the groundwater flow. Our study area is the area between Dortmund and Hamm. It includes a number of major faults (in general, one set of faults is NE-SW oriented thrust faults, the other set of faults can be described as NW-SE mainly normal faults) that potentially subdivide the area into compartments with different hydraulic behavior. The dilation tendency is important for migration pathways. We present the dilation tendency based on the contemporary tectonic stress field. Furthermore, the slip tendency is presented for different water levels in comparison to the observed seismicity. The slip tendency shows how changes in effective stress (and thus changes in pore pressure and water level) modify the tendency of a fault to slip (see also other FLOODRisk contributions). In addition, we use a generic numerical model within the compartment "Haus Aden Shaft 2" to simulate the change in reactivation potential of the bounding faults for water level changes due to activities in a nearby "generic" mine.
Neuroanatomical predictors of L-DOPA response in older adults with psychomotor slowing and depression: A pilot study
Creators: name: Rutherford, Bret R.
name: Choi, Jongwoo
name: Slifstein, Mark
name: O'Boyle, Kaleigh
name: Abi-Dargham, Anissa
name: Brown, Patrick J.
name: Wall, Melanie M.
name: Vanegas-Arroyave, Nora
name: Sakhardande, Jayant D.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Roose, Steven P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Depression in old age
Neuroanatomy
Dopa
Magnetic resonance imaging

description: Background: Declining function in dopamine circuits is implicated in normal aging and late-life depression (LLD). Dopamine augmentation recently has shown therapeutic promise, but predictors of response are unknown. Methods: Depressed elders with slowed gait underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET). Subjects then received open treatment with carbidopa/levodopa (L-DOPA) for three weeks. Linear regressions examined relationships between baseline MRI measures, [11C]raclopride binding, and behavioral outcomes. Results: Among N = 16 participants aged 72.5 ± 6.8 years, higher left superior temporal gyrus volume was associated with higher processing speed at baseline, while cortical thinning in a processing speed network was associated with greater improvement following L-DOPA. Greater volume and cortical thickness in brain regions associated with mobility were associated with higher baseline gait speed. Higher baseline white matter hyperintensity volume predicted less post-L-DOPA improvement on dual task gait speed and IDS-SR scores. Higher [11C]raclopride binding in the associative striatum was associated with cortical thickness in some, but not all, processing speed brain regions, while higher binding in sensorimotor striatum was significantly associated with left caudate volume. Limitations: Limiting the conclusions drawn from this pilot study are the small sample size and open administration of L-DOPA. Conclusions: Greater baseline brain volumes and cortical thickness in regions supporting cognition and gait were associated with higher behavioral performance, while lower structural integrity was associated with increased responsivity to L-DOPA. If substantiated in larger studies, these findings could facilitate the targeting of dopaminergic treatments to those LLD patients most likely to respond.
Prognostic impact of activin subunit inhibin beta A in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas
Creators: name: Staudacher, Jonas J.
name: Arnold, Alexander
name: Kühl, A. A.
name: Pötzsch, M.
name: Daum, Severin
name: Winterfeld, M.
name: Berg, Erika
name: Hummel, M.
name: Rau, B.
name: Stein, Ulrike
name: Treese, Christoph
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gastric adenocarcinoma
subject: Esophageal adenocarcinoma
subject: Activin
subject: INHBA
subject: TGF-beta superfamily
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Purpose: Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (AEG) and stomach (AS) are among the most common cancers worldwide. Novel markers for risk stratification and guiding treatment are strongly needed. Activin is a multi-functional cytokine with context specific pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of activin tumor protein expression in AEG/ASs. Methods: Tissue from a retrospective cohort of 277 patients with AEG/AS treated primarily by surgery at the Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin was collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody to the activin homodimer inhibin beta A. Additionally, we evaluated T-cell infiltration and PD1 expression as well as expression of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry as possible confounding factors. Clinico-pathologic data were collected and correlated with activin protein expression. Results: Out of 277 tumor samples, 72 (26.0%) exhibited high activin subunit inhibin beta A protein expression. Higher expression was correlated with lower Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage and longer overall survival. Interestingly, activin subunit expression correlated with CD4(+) T-cell infiltration, and the correlation with higher overall survival was exclusively seen in tumors with high CD4(+) T-cell infiltration, pointing towards a role of activin in the tumor immune response in AEG/ASs. Conclusion: In our cohort of AEG/AS, higher activin subunit levels were correlated with longer overall survival, an effect exclusively seen in tumors with high CD4(+) cell infiltration. Further mechanistic research is warranted discerning the exact effect of this context specific cytokine.
Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial
Creators: name: Gibson, Gary E.
name: Luchsinger, Jose A.
name: Cirio, Rosanna
name: Chen, Huanlian
name: Franchino-Elder, Jessica
name: Hirsch, Joseph A.
name: Bettendorff, Lucien
name: Chen, Zhengming
name: Flowers, Sarah A.
name: Gerber, Linda M.
name: Grandville, Thomas
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Xu, Hui
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Jordan, Barry
name: Fonzetti, Pasquale
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease
Advanced glycation end products
Glucose
Oxidative stress
Inflammation

description: Background: In preclinical models, benfotiamine efficiently ameliorates the clinical and biological pathologies that define Alzheimer’s disease (AD) including impaired cognition, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, increased advanced glycation end products (AGE), and inflammation. Objective:To collect preliminary data on feasibility, safety, and efficacy in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia due to AD in a placebo-controlled trial of benfotiamine. Methods:A twelve-month treatment with benfotiamine tested whether clinical decline would be delayed in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group. The primary clinical outcome was the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Secondary outcomes were the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured with brain positron emission tomography (PET). Blood AGE were examined as an exploratory outcome. Results:Participants were treated with benfotiamine (34) or placebo (36). Benfotiamine treatment was safe. The increase in ADAS-Cog was 43% lower in the benfotiamine group than in the placebo group, indicating less cognitive decline, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p = 0.125). Worsening in CDR was 77% lower (p = 0.034) in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group, and this effect was stronger in the APOE ɛ4 non-carriers. Benfotiamine significantly reduced increases in AGE (p = 0.044), and this effect was stronger in the APOE ɛ4 non-carriers. Exploratory analysis derivation of an FDG PET pattern score showed a treatment effect at one year (p = 0.002). Conclusion:Oral benfotiamine is safe and potentially efficacious in improving cognitive outcomes among persons with MCI and mild AD.
Creative Constraints: Translation and Authorship
Creators: name: Wilson, Rita
name: Gerber, Leah
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Linguistics not elsewhere classified
Translation and interpretation studies
Literary studies not elsewhere classified

description: The essays in this volume address one of the central issues in literary translation, namely the relationship between the creative freedom enjoyed by the translator and the multiplicity of constraints to which translation is necessarily subject. The links between an author’s translation work and his or her own writing are likewise explored. Through a series of compelling case studies, this volume illustrates the parallel and overlapping discourses within the cognate areas of literary studies, creative writing and translation studies, which together propose a view of translation as (a form of) creative writing, and creative writing itself as being shaped by translation processes. The translations of selected contemporary French, Spanish and German texts offer readers some insights into how the translator’s work mirrors and complements that of the creative writer. The combination of theory and practice presented in this volume will appeal not just to specialists in translation studies, but also to a wider public.
Magnetic neutral points and electric lines of force in strong gravity of a rotating black hole
Creators: name: Karas, V.
name: Kopacek, O.
name: Kunneriath, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic field can be amplified and twisted near a supermassive black hole residing in a galactic nucleus. At the same time magnetic null points develop near the horizon. We examine a large-scale oblique magnetic field near a rotating (Kerr) black hole as an origin of magnetic layers, where the field direction changes abruptly in the ergosphere region. In consequence of this, magnetic null points can develop by purely geometrical effects of the strong gravitational field and the frame-dragging mechanism. We identify magnetic nulls as possible sites of magnetic reconnection and suggest that particles may be accelerated efficiently by the electric component. The situation we discuss is relevant for starving nuclei of some galaxies which exhibit episodic accretion events, namely, Sagittarius A* black hole in our Galaxy.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted
ЗАВОЛЖСКО-ЗАУРАЛЬСКИЕ СТЕПИ СЕВЕРНОЙ ПОДЗОНЫ СТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ФОРМАЦИОННОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ
Creators: name: СТЕПАНОВА Н.Ю.
name: КАЛМЫКОВА О.Г.
name: САФРОНОВА И.Н.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЗАВОЛЖЬЕ
ПРЕДУРАЛЬЕ
ЗАУРАЛЬЕ
СТЕПНАЯ ЗОНА
РАЗНОТРАВНО-КОВЫЛЬНЫЕ СТЕПИ
РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ
TRANSVOLGA
PRE-URAL
TRANSURAL
STEPPE ZONE
FORB-FEATHER-GRASS STEPPES
DIVERSITY

description: Значительная часть целинных заволжско-зауральских степей в северной подзоне уничтожена распашкой. В то же время на довольно большой площади они представлены разновозрастными залежами. Известно, что сообщества многих формаций распространены в пределах всей степной зоны. Отличия структуры ненарушенных сообществ в разных подзонах довольно ясны. На залежах и пастбищах эти отличия затушевываются. Изучая растительный покров степной зоны в течение многих лет, мы в 2018 и 2019 гг. поставили перед собой задачу выявить, насколько изменяется разнообразие формаций на залежах и насколько по их структуре можно судить о подзональном статусе территории. Исследования проводились маршрутным методом. Сделано более 150 геоботанических описаний по стандартной методике с привязкой к координатам, при анализе которых использована эколого-фитоценотическая классификация. Собрано более 1000 листов гербария с привязкой к координатам. В заволжско-зауральской части северной подзоны в настоящее время доминируют не зональные залесскоковыльные степи, а тырсовые, представляя собой фоновую растительность на залежах. Наряду с тырсовыми большие площади занимают вторичные ковылковые степи. Своеобразный компонент растительного покрова северной подзоны создают сообщества полукустарничков. Они приурочены или к засоленным почвам, или к выходам пород. Галофитные и петрофитные варианты степей представлены не только полукустарничковыми сообществами, но и многолетнего разнотравья. В ходе флористических исследований получены новые данные о распространении ряда редких видов