cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A full sky prediction of the SZ effect from diffuse hot gas in the local universe and the upper limit from the WMAP data
Creators: name: Hansen, F. K.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Mazzotta, P.
name: Cabella, P.
name: Dolag, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the PSCz galaxy redshift catalogue combined with constrained simulations based on the IRAS 1.2 Jy galaxy density field to estimate the contribution of hot gas in the local universe to the SZ-effect on large scales. We produce a full sky Healpix map predicting the SZ-effect from clusters as well as diffuse hot gas within 80Mpc/h. Performing cross-correlation tests between this map and the WMAP data in pixel, harmonic and wavelet space we can put an upper limit on the effect. We conclude that the SZ effect from diffuse gas in the local universe cannot be detected in current CMB data and is not a contaminating factor on large scales (l<60) in studies of the CMB angular anisotropies. However, for future high sensitivity experiments observing at a wider range of frequencies, the predicted large scale SZ effect could be of importance.
description: submitted to MNRAS
Intensity of Food Stamp Use and Transient and Chronic Poverty: Evidence from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Creators: name: Atasoy, Sibel
name: Mills, Bradford F.
name: Mykerezi, Elton
name: Atasoy, Sibel
name: Mills, Bradford F.
name: Mykerezi, Elton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: The relationship between food assistance and inter-annual family poverty dynamics is examined using data from the 1995-2003 Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We generate expenditure-based poverty measures to examine the determinants of transient and chronic poverty, with particular focus on the differential role that Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation may have on each dimension of poverty. Results indicate that transient poverty accounts for a larger share of economic hardship than chronic poverty. Both dimensions of poverty are reduced at nearly the same rate by additional months of FSP participation. In general, the determinants of chronic and transient poverty are not found to differ significantly; both aspects of poverty appear to be correlated with age of household head, human capital, minority status, rural residence and local economic conditions.
Exploiting Quantum Parallelism To Simulate Quantum Random Many-Body Systems
Creators: name: Paredes, B.
name: Verstraete, F.
name: Cirac, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an algorithm that exploits quantum parallelism to simulate randomness in a quantum system. In our scheme, all possible realizations of the random parameters are encoded quantum mechanically in a superposition state of an auxiliary system. We show how our algorithm allows for the efficient simulation of dynamics of quantum random spin chains with known numerical methods. We also propose an experimental realization based on atoms in optical lattices in which disorder could be simulated in parallel and in a controlled way through the interaction with another atomic species.
Propagation of Traffic Noise
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Zegeer, Charles V.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The effects of various traffic, ground cover, and geometric conditions on traffic noise propagation were evaluated in this study. There were two general methods of data collection. The first used as many as four sound-level meters and graphic-level recorders to take simultaneous recordings of the traffic stream; the second method involved a constant noise source using a random noise generator.  The L10 noise level reduction per doubling of distance increased substantially when the traffic volume was less than 1,000 vehicles per hour. Wind speed and direction had a large effect on noise propagation. Ground cover also had a definite effect. Data were taken on short grass, tall weeds, tall grass, average grass, pavement, gravel, smooth dirt, snow, and plowed field. The drop-off per doubling of distance decreased from about 4.5 dBA for receiver heights of 10 feet (3m) or below to 3.0 dBA for heights above 10 feet (3 m). At heights above 10 feet (3m), the type of ground cover did not have a significant influence on the propagation loss. Noise attenuation per doubling of distance remained constant to about 400 feet (122 m) where the drop-offs were influenced by the ambient noise level. Individual noise readings indicated that noise propagation was influenced by vehicle type and speed. Noise drop-off was larger for smaller percentage levels, but the differences decreased as volumes increased. Source height also had an effect on noise propagation.
Re-transcription of Goddard notebook texts
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Lee-Wynant, Tyler
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-270318-11: Re-transcription and translation of texts in P.E. Goddard's notebooks archived at the American Philosophical Society (Na20g.1), pages 13-19 of notebook 1 corresponding to pages 58 and 78-79 of pdf of microfilm of typescript copy archived at the Bancroft Library (CU-23.1 12.2).
Shadow of a disformal Kerr black hole in quadratic DHOST theories
Creators: name: Long, Fen
name: Chen, Songbai
name: Wang, Mingzhi
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the shadow of a disformal Kerr black hole with an extra deformation parameter, which belongs to non-stealth rotating solutions in quadratic Degenerate Higher Order Scalar Tensor (DHOST) theory. Our result show that the size of the shadow increases with the deformation parameter for the black hole with arbitrary spin parameter. However, the effect of the deformation parameter on the shadow shape depends heavily on the spin parameter of black hole and the sign of the deformation parameter. The change of the shadow shape becomes more distinct for the black hole with the more quickly rotation and the more negative deformation parameter. Especially, for the near-extreme black hole with negative deformation parameter, there exist a "pedicel"-like structure appeared in the shadow, which increases with the absolute value of deformation parameter. The eyebrow-like shadow and the self-similar fractal structures also appear in the shadow for the disformal Kerr black hole in DHOST theory. These features in the black hole shadow originating from the scalar field could help us to understand the non-stealth disformal Kerr black hole and quadratic DHOST theory.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Detectability of tensor modes in the presence of foregrounds
Creators: name: Amarie, Mihail
name: Hirata, Christopher
name: Seljak, Uros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In inflationary models, gravitational waves are produced and generate B-type polarization in the CMB. Since B polarization is only generated by gravity waves it does not suffer from the cosmic variance. A perfect decomposition of the CMB into B-modes and E-modes would require data from the entire sky, which in practice is not possible because of the foreground contaminants. This leads to mixing of E polarization into B, which introduces cosmic variance conta- mination of B polarization and reduces sensitivity to gravity wave amplitude even in absence of detector noise. We present numerical results for the uncertainty in the tensor-to-scalar ratio using the Fisher matrix formalism for various resolutions, using foreground models based on dust maps and assuming 90 GHz operating frequency. We find that the usual scaling delta(T/S) ~ f_sky^(-1/2) is significantly degraded and becomes delta(T/S) ~ f_sky^(-2) for f_sky>0.7. This dependence is affected only weakly by the choice of sky cuts. To achieve a T/S=10^(-3) detection at 3 sigma one needs to observe 15% of the sky as opposed to naive expectation of 0.3%. To prevent contamination over this large sky area at required level one must be able to remove polarized dust emission at or better than 0.1% of unpolarized intensity, assuming the cleanest part of the sky has been chosen. To achieve T/S=10^(-4) detection at 3 sigma one needs to observe 70% of the sky, which is only possible if dust emission is removed everywhere over this region at 0.01% level. Reaching T/S=10^(-2) should be easier: 1% of the sky is needed over which polarized emission needs to be removed at 1% of total intensity if the cleanest region is chosen. These results suggest that foreground contamination may make it difficult to achieve levels below T/S=10^(-3). (abridged)
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, minor modifications to match PRD version, added one reference
Structural signatures of the unjamming transition at zero temperature
Creators: name: Silbert, Leonardo E.
name: Liu, Andrea J.
name: Nagel, Sidney R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the pair correlation function $g(r)$ for zero-temperature, disordered, soft-sphere packings just above the onset of jamming. We find distinct signatures of the transition in both the first and split second peaks of this function. As the transition is approached from the jammed side (at higher packing fraction) the first peak diverges and narrows on the small-$r$ side to a delta-function. On the high-$r$ side of this peak, $g(r)$ decays as a power-law. In the split second peak, the two subpeaks are both singular at the transition, with power-law behavior on their low-$r$ sides and step-function drop-offs on their high-$r$ sides. These singularities at the transition are reminiscent of empirical criteria that have previously been used to distinguish glassy structures from liquid ones.
description: 8 pages, 13 figures
Livestock Disease Indemnity Design When Moral Hazard is Followed by Adverse Selection
Creators: name: Gramig, Benjamin M.
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Gramig, Benjamin M.
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Livestock Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Averting or limiting the outbreak of infectious disease in domestic livestock herds is an economic and potential human health issue that involves both the government and individual livestock producers. Producers have private information about preventive biosecurity measures they adopt on their farms prior to outbreak (ex ante moral hazard), and following outbreak they possess private information about whether or not their herd is infected (ex post adverse selection). We investigate how indemnity payments can be designed to provide incentives to producers to invest in biosecurity and report infection to the government, while simultaneously addressing the information asymmetry between producers and the government. We show how addressing the adverse selection problem leads to a risk-sharing tradeoff in the moral hazard problem. We compare the relative magnitude of the first- and second-best levels of biosecurity investment and indemnity payments to further demonstrate the tradeoff between risk-sharing and efficiency, and we discuss the implications for status quo U.S. policy.
Probing the Binary Black Hole Merger Regime with Scalar Perturbations
Creators: name: Bentivegna, Eloisa
name: Shoemaker, Deirdre M.
name: Hinder, Ian
name: Herrmann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results obtained by scattering a scalar field off the curved background of a coalescing binary black hole system. A massless scalar field is evolved on a set of fixed backgrounds, each provided by a spatial hypersurface generated numerically during a binary black hole merger. We show that the scalar field scattered from the merger region exhibits quasinormal ringing once a common apparent horizon surrounds the two black holes. This occurs earlier than the onset of the perturbative regime as measured by the start of the quasinormal ringing in the gravitational waveforms. We also use the scalar quasinormal frequencies to associate a mass and a spin with each hypersurface, and observe the compatibility of this measure with the horizon mass and spin computed from the dynamical horizon framework.
description: 10 Pages and 6 figures
Arrested phase separation in a short-ranged attractive colloidal system: A numerical study
Creators: name: Foffi, G.
name: De Michele, C.
name: Sciortino, F.
name: Tartaglia, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the competition between phase separation and dynamical arrest in a colloidal system interacting via a short ranged attractive potential. Equilibrium fluid configurations are quenched at two different temperatures below the critical temperature and followed during their time evolution. At the lowest studied $T$, the phase separation process is interrupted by the formation of an attractive glass in the dense phase. At the higher $T$, no arrest is observed and the phase separation process proceeds endless in the simulated time window. The final structure of the glass retains memory of the interrupted phase separation process in the form of a frozen spinodal decomposition peak, whose location and amplitude is controlled by the average packing fraction. We also discuss the time evolution of the non ergodicity parameter, providing evidence of a progressively decreasing localization length on increasing the packing fraction. Finally, we confirm that the reported results are independent on the microscopic dynamics.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures (figures 4, 5, 10 and 11 are not included for space restriction on preprint servers, for any queries please contact the corresponding author). To be published on J.Chem.Phys
Measurements of |V_{cb}| and |V_{ub}| at BABAR
Creators: name: Godang, Romulus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on new measurements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements |V_{cb}| and |V_{ub}| with inclusive and exclusive semileptonic B decays, highlighting the recent precision measurements with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC.
description: Comments : Latex, 4 pages. Talk given at PANIC05: The Particles and Nuclei International Conference, October 24-28, 2005 Santa Fe, USA. Proceedings to appear in the American Institute of Physics
An efficient Quasi-Newton method for nonlinear inverse problems via learned singular values
Creators: name: Smyl, Danny
name: Tallman, Tyler N.
name: Liu, Dong
name: Hauptmann, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Solving complex optimization problems in engineering and the physical sciences requires repetitive computation of multi-dimensional function derivatives. Commonly, this requires computationally-demanding numerical differentiation such as perturbation techniques, which ultimately limits the use for time-sensitive applications. In particular, in nonlinear inverse problems Gauss-Newton methods are used that require iterative updates to be computed from the Jacobian. Computationally more efficient alternatives are Quasi-Newton methods, where the repeated computation of the Jacobian is replaced by an approximate update. Here we present a highly efficient data-driven Quasi-Newton method applicable to nonlinear inverse problems. We achieve this, by using the singular value decomposition and learning a mapping from model outputs to the singular values to compute the updated Jacobian. This enables a speed-up expected of Quasi-Newton methods without accumulating roundoff errors, enabling time-critical applications and allowing for flexible incorporation of prior knowledge necessary to solve ill-posed problems. We present results for the highly non-linear inverse problem of electrical impedance tomography with experimental data.
School District and Municipal Reorganization: Research Findings & Policy Proposals
Creators: name: Scorsone, Eric
name: Scorsone, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This report discusses the issues of municipal and school district reorganization. For over 100 years, since the so-called progressive era in American history, the issue of local government and school organization has been an important policy debate for policymakers. Over time, local governments and school districts have grown or shrunk in response to changes in society, demographics and economics. The general trend in the United States has been for growth in the number of special districts and a major decline in the number of school districts.
Explaining Changes in the Distribution of Annual Dairy Farm Income over Time
Creators: name: Hung-Hao, Chang
name: Boisvert, Richard N.
name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Hung-Hao, Chang
name: Boisvert, Richard N.
name: Tauer, Loren W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Dairy farm income distribution
subject: Decomposition

description: This paper identifies factors affecting the distribution of farm income among dairy producers over time. Using data from participants in Cornell's Dairy Farm Record Program, we decompose differences of farm income distributions into those due to: differences in means of observable farm characteristics, differential marginal effects of characteristics and unobserved random error. The distribution of farm income is affected by factors reflecting the operators' experience and investment in human capital and indicators of management efficiency and level of capital investment. The marked changes in marginal contributions of these factors explain most of the total change in the distribution of income.
Groundwater Use in Asymmetric Aquifer under Incomplete Information
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: common property resource
subject: asymmetry
subject: groundwater
subject: information

description: This paper analyzes a game theoretic model of groundwater extraction in an asymmetric two-cell aquifer under incomplete information about the extent to which the local stock of groundwater depends on the extraction histories at nearby wells. A novel assumption is that the elevation of the bottom of the aquifer differs across, otherwise identical, cells. Asymmetry creates a strategic advantage (disadvantage) for the user in the deep (shallow) cell in “stealing” neighbor’s water. The user with a larger initial stock actually benefits from the commonality of groundwater provided that the asymmetry is not too small or too great. Assuming that the asymmetry between users is sufficiently large, better informed, non-cooperative users attain a higher joint welfare when the prior belief about the rate of transmission is sufficiently dispersed. Moreover, better hydrologic information may allow non-cooperative users to achieve maximum social welfare even in the absence of groundwater use regulations. Yet, in an asymmetric aquifer there may be both winners and losers from better public information.
The Paradox of Risk Balancing: Do Risk-reducing Policies Lead to More Risk for Farmers?
Creators: name: Cheng, Mei-Luan
name: Gloy, Brent A.
name: Cheng, Mei-Luan
name: Gloy, Brent A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Stochastic Optimal Control/Dynamic Programming
subject: Financial Leverage
subject: Uncertainty
subject: Risk Balancing

description: The study presents stochastic optimal control/dynamic programming (SOC/DP) to derive the optimal debt level and consumption in farm models concerning two sources of uncertainty: the return on assets and interest rate. The SOC/DP analytic framework is used to analyze the impacts of risk-reducing farm policies on farm’s financial and risk adjustments. The results show the violations of the risk-balancing concept, which theorizes that risk-reducing farm policies may lead to increases in financial leverage, total risk, and the expected returns. Also, this study examines the extent to which the estimates of the optimal debt level are biased when interest rate risk is ignored.
Two-photon detuning and decoherence in cavity electromagnetically induced transparency for quantized fields
Creators: name: Barberis-Blostein, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of a quantized field with three-level atoms in $Λ$ configuration inside a two-mode cavity is analyzed in the small noise approximation. The atoms are in a two-photon detuning with respect to the carriers of the field. We calculate the stationary quadrature noise spectrum of the field outside the cavity in the case where the input probe field is a squeezed state and the input pump field is a coherent state. The mean value of the field is unaltered in all the analysis: the atoms shows electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The effect of the atoms' base level decoherence in the cavity output field is also studied. It is found that the output field is very sensitive to two-photon detuning.
description: 8 pages
Entropic bounds and continual measurements
Creators: name: Barchielli, Alberto
name: Lupieri, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some bounds on the entropic informational quantities related to a quantum continual measurement are obtained and the time dependencies of these quantities are studied.
description: 10 pages
Dynamic Heterogeneity in the Glauber-Ising chain
Creators: name: Mayer, Peter
name: Sollich, Peter
name: Berthier, Ludovic
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper [P. Mayer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 115701 (2004)] it was shown, by means of experiments, theory and simulations, that coarsening systems display dynamic heterogeneity analogous to that of glass formers. Here, we present a detailed analysis of dynamic heterogeneities in the Glauber-Ising chain. We discuss how dynamic heterogeneity in Ising systems must be measured through connected multi-point correlation functions. We show that in the coarsening regime of the Ising chain these multi-point functions reveal the growth of spatial correlations in the dynamics, beyond what can be inferred from standard two-point correlations. They have non-trivial scaling properties, which we interpret in terms of the diffusion-annihilation dynamics of domain walls. In the equilibrium dynamics of the Ising chain, on the other hand, connected multi-point functions vanish exactly and dynamic heterogeneity is not observed. Our results highlight the similarities between coarsening systems and glass formers.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Polarization States in B -> rho K* and New Physics
Creators: name: Baek, Seungwon
name: Datta, Alakabha
name: Hamel, Philippe
name: Hernandez, Oscar F.
name: London, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard-model explanations of the anomalously-large transverse polarization fraction fT in B -> phi K* can be tested by measuring the polarizations of the two decays B+ -> rho+ K*0 and B+ -> rho0 K*+. For the scenario in which the transverse polarizations of both B -> rho K* decays are predicted to be large, we derive a simple relation between the fT's of these decays. If this relation is not confirmed experimentally, this would yield an unambiguous signal for new physics. The new-physics operators which can account for the discrepancy in B -> pi K decays will also contribute to the polarization states of B -> rho K*. We compute these contributions and show that there are only two operators which can simultaneously account for the present B -> pi K and B -> rho K* data. If the new physics obeys an approximate U-spin symmetry, the B -> phi K* measurements can also be explained.
description: 20 pages, latex, no figures. Minor changes to references and Table 1. Minor modification of terms; more complete description of triple-product asymmetry. Analysis and conclusions unchanged
Integrated Generalized Zero-Shot Learning for Fine-Grained Classification
Creators: name: Shermin, Tasfia
name: Teng, Shyh Wei
name: Sohel, Ferdous
name: Murshed, Manzur
name: Lu, Guojun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Embedding learning (EL) and feature synthesizing (FS) are two of the popular categories of fine-grained GZSL methods. EL or FS using global features cannot discriminate fine details in the absence of local features. On the other hand, EL or FS methods exploiting local features either neglect direct attribute guidance or global information. Consequently, neither method performs well. In this paper, we propose to explore global and direct attribute-supervised local visual features for both EL and FS categories in an integrated manner for fine-grained GZSL. The proposed integrated network has an EL sub-network and a FS sub-network. Consequently, the proposed integrated network can be tested in two ways. We propose a novel two-step dense attention mechanism to discover attribute-guided local visual features. We introduce new mutual learning between the sub-networks to exploit mutually beneficial information for optimization. Moreover, we propose to compute source-target class similarity based on mutual information and transfer-learn the target classes to reduce bias towards the source domain during testing. We demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms contemporary methods on benchmark datasets.
description: Accepted in Pattern Recognition
EXPIRATION DATES AND STIGMA: WHY DON’T WE OBSERVE HEDONIC MARKETS FOR PERISHABLE PRODUCTS?
Creators: name: Kerley, Deborah
name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Wansink, Brian
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Schulze, William D.
name: Kerley, Deborah
name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Wansink, Brian
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Schulze, William D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Consumers indicate on surveys that price and freshness are important to their purchase decisions. If this is true, then why don’t retailers sell milk differentiated by the date it was pasteurized or why are meats not displayed with several different prices based on time since butchering? Our experimental results suggest that the addition of an expiration date led consumers to consider milk to have a consistent level of freshness until the expiration date in contrast to them assuming a more linear decline. Our findings indicate that expiration dating substantially alters consumers’ beliefs on milks’ freshness and potentially enhances firms’ profits.
A multicritical Landau-Potts field theory
Creators: name: Codello, Alessandro
name: Safari, Mahmoud
name: Vacca, Gian Paolo
name: Zanusso, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a perturbatively renormalizable $S_{q}$ invariant model with $N=q-1$ scalar field components below the upper critical dimension $d_c=\frac{10}{3}$. Our results hint at the existence of multicritical generalizations of the critical models of spanning random clusters and percolations in three dimensions. We also discuss the role of our multicritical model in a conjecture that involves the separation of first and second order phases in the $(d,q)$ diagram of the Potts model.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; v2: improved discussion for the q=0 limit, to appear in PRD
Higgs boson decays to four fermions through an abelian hidden sector
Creators: name: Gopalakrishna, Shrihari
name: Jung, Sunghoon
name: Wells, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a generic abelian hidden sector that couples to the Standard Model only through gauge-invariant renormalizable operators. This allows the exotic Higgs boson to mix with the Standard Model Higgs boson, and the exotic abelian gauge boson to mix with the Standard Model hypercharge gauge boson. One immediate consequence of spontaneous breaking of the hidden sector gauge group is the possible decay of the lightest Higgs boson into four fermions through intermediate exotic gauge bosons. We study the implications of this decay for Higgs boson phenomenology at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Our emphasis is on the four lepton final state.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Central energy equipartition in multi-mass models of globular clusters
Creators: name: Miocchi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the construction of multi-mass King-Michie models of globular clusters, an approximated central energy equipartition between stars of different masses is usually imposed by scaling the velocity parameter of each mass class inversely with the stellar mass, as if the distribution function were isothermal. In this paper, this 'isothermal approximation' (IA) has been checked and its consequences on the model parameters studied by a comparison with models including central energy equipartition correctly. It is found that, under the IA, the 'temperatures' of a pair of components can differ to a non-negligible amount for low concentration distributions. It is also found that, in general, this approximation leads to a significantly reduced mass segregation in comparison with that given under the exact energy equipartition at the centre. As a representative example, an isotropic 3-component model fitting a given projected surface brightness and line-of-sight velocity dispersion profiles is discussed. In this example, the IA gives a cluster envelope much more concentrated (central dimensionless potential W=3.3) than under the true equipartition (W=0.059), as well as a higher logarithmic mass function slope. As a consequence, the inferred total mass (and then the global mass-to-light ratio) results a factor 1.4 times lower than the correct value and the amount of mass in heavy dark remnants is 3.3 times smaller. Under energy equipartition, the fate of stars having a mass below a certain limit is to escape from the system. This limit is derived as a function of the mass and W of the giants and turn-off stars component.
description: LaTeX 2e, 9 pages with 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Transcription of the narration of Reel #6 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Lee-Wynant, Tyler
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-270318-09: transcription of VP-190317-10 (narration of Reel #6 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL, one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances), from 10:00 to 11:03. Due to re-numbering, Reel #6 has been assigned the CLA item number LA 256.045.
Mechanics and structure of carbon black gels under high-power ultrasound
Creators: name: Dagès, Noémie
name: Lidon, Pierre
name: Jung, Guillaume
name: Pignon, Frédéric
name: Manneville, Sébastien
name: Gibaud, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal gels made of carbon black particles dispersed in light mineral oil are "rheo-acoustic" materials, i.e., their mechanical and structural properties can be tuned using high-power ultrasound, sound waves with submicron amplitude and frequency larger than 20~kHz . The effects of high-power ultrasound on the carbon black gel are demonstrated using two experiments: rheology coupled to ultrasound to test for the gel mechanical response and a timeresolved ultra small-angle X-ray scattering experiment (TRUSAXS) coupled to ultrasound to test for structural changes within the gel. We show that high-power ultrasound above a critical amplitude leads to a complex viscoelastic transient response of the gels within a few seconds: a softening of its storage modulus accompanied by a strong overshoot in its loss modulus. Under high-power ultrasound, the gel displays a viscoelastic spectrum with glass-like features and a significant decrease in its yield strain. Those effects are attributed to the formation of intermittent micro-cracks in the bulk of the gel as evidenced by TRUSAXS. Provided that the shear rate is not large enough to fully fluidize the sample, high-power ultrasound also facilitates the flow of the gel, reducing its yield stress as well as increasing the shear-thinning index, thanks again to the formation of micro-cracks.
Mass-to-Light Ratios of Field Early-Type Galaxies at z~1 from Ultra-Deep Spectroscopy: Evidence for Mass-dependent Evolution
Creators: name: van der Wel, A.
name: Franx, M.
name: van Dokkum, P. G.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Illingworth, G. D.
name: Rosati, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the Fundamental Plane for a sample of 27 field early-type galaxies in the redshift range 0.62 x 10^11 Msol$, we find no significant difference between the evolution of field and cluster galaxies: $Delta ln (M/L_B) = -1.20+/-0.18z for field galaxies and $Delta ln (M/L_B) = -1.12+/-0.06z$ for cluster galaxies. The relation between the measured M/L evolution and mass is partially due to selection effects. However, even when taking selection effects into account, we still find a relation between M/L evolution and mass, which is most likely caused by a lower mean age and a larger intrinsic scatter for low mass galaxies. Results from lensing early-type galaxies, which are mass-selected, show a very similar trend with mass. This, combined with our findings, provides evidence for down-sizing. Previous studies of the rate of evolution of field early-type galaxies found a large range of mutually exclusive values. We show that these differences are largely caused by the differences between fitting methods. (Abridged)
description: figures 3 and 4 available at http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~vdwel/private/FPpaper/
Hypervelocity Stars: From the Galactic Center to the Halo
Creators: name: Kenyon, S. J.
name: Bromley, B. C.
name: Geller, M. J.
name: Brown, W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hypervelocity stars (HVS) traverse the Galaxy from the central black hole to the outer halo. We show that the Galactic potential within 200 pc acts as a high pass filter preventing low velocity HVS from reaching the halo. To trace the orbits of HVS throughout the Galaxy, we construct two forms of the potential which reasonably represent the observations in the range 5--100,000 pc, a simple spherically symmetric model and a bulge-disk-halo model. We use the Hills mechanism (disruption of binaries by the tidal field of the central black hole) to inject HVS into the Galaxy and compute the observable spatial and velocity distributions of HVS with masses in the range 0.6--4 Msun. These distributions reflect the mass function in the Galactic Center, properties of binaries in the Galactic Center, and aspects of stellar evolution and the injection mechanism. For 0.6--4 Msun main sequence stars, the fraction of unbound HVS and the asymmetry of the velocity distribution for their bound counterparts increases with stellar mass. The density profiles for unbound HVS decline with distance from the Galactic Center approximately as r^{-2} (but are steeper for the most massive stars which evolve off the main sequence during their travel time from the Galactic Center); the density profiles for the bound ejecta decline with distance approximately as r^{-3}. In a survey with a limiting visual magnitude V of 23, the detectability of HVS (unbound or bound) increases with stellar mass.
description: 32 pages of text, 5 tables, 12 figures, ApJ, accepted; revisions: corrected typos, added references, clarified some aspects of potential model and physical processes affecting relative frequency of HVSs
Solitons of Some Nonlinear Sigma-Like Models
Creators: name: Vekslerchik, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J35, 11C20, 35C08, 15B05

description: We present a set of differential identities for some class of matrices. These identities are used to derive the $N$-soliton solutions for the Pohlmeyer nonlinear sigma-model, two-dimensional self-dual Yang-Mills equations and some modification of the vector Calapso equation.
A master equation incorporating the system-environment correlations present in the joint equilibrium state
Creators: name: Mirza, Ali Raza
name: Zia, Muhammad
name: Chaudhry, Adam Zaman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general master equation, correct to second order in the system-environment coupling strength, that takes into account the initial system-environment correlations. We assume that the system and its environment are in a joint thermal equilibrium state, and thereafter a unitary operation is performed to prepare the desired initial system state, with the system Hamiltonian possibly changing thereafter as well. We show that the effect of the initial correlations shows up in the second-order master equation as an additional term, similar in form to the usual second-order term describing relaxation and decoherence in quantum systems. We apply this master equation to a generalization of the paradigmatic spin-boson model, namely a collection of two-level systems interacting with a common environment of harmonic oscillators, as well as a collection of two-level systems interacting with a common spin environment. We demonstrate that, in general, the initial system-environment correlations need to be accounted for in order to accurately obtain the system dynamics.
description: 12 pages, minor typos removed
F1 ДУРАГАЙЛАРНИНГ ТОЛА ЧИҚИМИ ВА УЗУНЛИГИНИНГ КЎРСАТКИЧЛАРИ
Creators: name: Ахмедов, Джамалхан
name: Джабборов, Жамолиддин
name: Таджибаев, Бахтияр
name: Ахмедов, Джаббархан
name: Мирхамидова, Гавҳарой
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Маълумки, республикамизда соҳалар бўйича катта ўзгаришлар кузатилмоқда, жумладан қишлоқ хўжалигида ҳам кластер тизими фаолият юритмоқда. Бунда кластер ажратилган ер эгаси бўлиб, экинларни жумладан ғўзани экиб, парваришлаб, етиштирилган ҳосилни тўлиқ териб олиб, қайта ишлаб калава ип ва тайёр маҳсулот ишлаб чиқариб ўзи сотиш ҳуқуқига эгадир.
Unitarity of quantum-gravitational corrections to primordial fluctuations in the Born-Oppenheimer approach
Creators: name: Chataignier, Leonardo
name: Kraemer, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the calculation of quantum-gravitational corrections to the power spectra of scalar and tensor perturbations in the Born-Oppenheimer approach to quantum gravity. We focus on the issue of the definition of the inner product of the theory and the unitarity of the corrections to the dynamics of the cosmological perturbations. We argue that the correction terms are unitary, provided the inner product is defined in a suitable way, which can be related to a notion of gauge-fixing the time variable and the use of conditional probabilities in quantum cosmology. We compare the corrections obtained within this framework to earlier results in the literature and we conclude with some remarks on the physical interpretation of the correction terms.
description: 23 pages, clarifications and references added, published in Physical Review D
Eine Analyse von Biologie-Schulbüchern - unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Experimentierens mit Pflanzen
Creators: name: Aufdermauer, Anke
name: Hesse, Manfred
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Biologie (ZDB) - Biologie Lehren und Lernen
Year: 2007

description: Eine knappe Erläuterung zum Untersuchungsgegenstand „Schulbuch“ und „Experiment“ und zur wissenschaftlichen Schulbuchforschung dient als theoretischer Hintergrund für die Schulbuchanalyse. Ausgewählt wurden hierzu die aktuellen nordrhein-westfälischen Schulbücher für die fünfte und sechste Jahrgangsstufe der Hauptschule. Es wird ein eigenständig entwickeltes Analyseschema vorgestellt, welches Kriterien zur Charakterisierung und Beurteilung der Bücher enthält und als Vorschlag für eine Schulbuchanalyse durch Lehrer verstanden wird. Die Ergebnisse der Schulbuchanalyse und des Schulbuchvergleichs werden diskutiert. Die Durchführung einer Meinungsbefragung von Schülern bezüglich Schulbüchern und Versuchen wird in diesem Heft gesondert vorgestellt.
description: Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Biologie (ZDB) - Biologie Lehren und Lernen, Bd. 15 (2006)
CFC-Net: A Critical Feature Capturing Network for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images
Creators: name: Ming, Qi
name: Miao, Lingjuan
name: Zhou, Zhiqiang
name: Dong, Yunpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection in optical remote sensing images is an important and challenging task. In recent years, the methods based on convolutional neural networks have made good progress. However, due to the large variation in object scale, aspect ratio, and arbitrary orientation, the detection performance is difficult to be further improved. In this paper, we discuss the role of discriminative features in object detection, and then propose a Critical Feature Capturing Network (CFC-Net) to improve detection accuracy from three aspects: building powerful feature representation, refining preset anchors, and optimizing label assignment. Specifically, we first decouple the classification and regression features, and then construct robust critical features adapted to the respective tasks through the Polarization Attention Module (PAM). With the extracted discriminative regression features, the Rotation Anchor Refinement Module (R-ARM) performs localization refinement on preset horizontal anchors to obtain superior rotation anchors. Next, the Dynamic Anchor Learning (DAL) strategy is given to adaptively select high-quality anchors based on their ability to capture critical features. The proposed framework creates more powerful semantic representations for objects in remote sensing images and achieves high-performance real-time object detection. Experimental results on three remote sensing datasets including HRSC2016, DOTA, and UCAS-AOD show that our method achieves superior detection performance compared with many state-of-the-art approaches. Code and models are available at https://github.com/ming71/CFC-Net.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Transcription of the narration of Reel #6 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Lee-Wynant, Tyler
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-270318-08a/c: transcription of VP-190317-10 (narration of Reel #6 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL, one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances), from 8:00 to 10:00. Due to re-numbering, Reel #6 has been assigned the CLA item number LA 256.045.
Entanglement generation in quantum thermal machines
Creators: name: Aguilar, Milton
name: Freitas, Nahuel
name: Paz, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in a linear quantum machine, a driven quantum system that evolves while coupled with thermal reservoirs, entanglement between the reservoir modes is unavoidably generated. This phenomenon, which occurs at sufficiently low temperatures and is at the heart of the third law of thermodynamics, is a consequence of a simple process: the transformation of the energy of the driving field into pairs of excitations in the reservoirs. For a driving with frequency $ω_{d}$ we show entanglement exists between environmental modes whose frequencies satisfy the condition $ω_{i} + ω_{j}= ω_{d}$. We show that this entanglement can persist for temperatures that can be significantly higher than the lowest achievable ones with sideband resolved cooling methods.
description: Added references
Incremental Treatments of the Full Configuration Interaction Problem
Creators: name: Eriksen, Janus J.
name: Gauss, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent many-body expanded full configuration interaction (MBE-FCI) method is reviewed by critically assessing its advantages and drawbacks in the context of contemporary near-exact electronic structure theory. Besides providing a succinct summary of the history of MBE-FCI to date within a generalized and unified theoretical setting, its finer algorithmic details are discussed alongside our optimized computational implementation of the theory. A selected few of the most recent applications of MBE-FCI are revisited, before we close by outlining its future research directions as well as its place among modern near-exact wave function-based methods.
description: 18+8 pages, 5 figures. Invited review to WIREs Comput Mol Sci