cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chiral symmetry: An analytic $SU(3) $ unitary matrix
Creators: name: Robilotta, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $SU(2)$ unitary matrix $U$ employed in hadronic low-energy processes has both exponential and analytic representations, related by $ U = \exp\left[ i \mathbfτ \cdot \hat{\mathbfπ} θ\,\right] = \cosθI + i \mathbfτ \cdot \hat{\mathbfπ} \sinθ$. One extends this result to the $SU(3)$ unitary matrix by deriving an analytic expression which, for Gell-Mann matrices $\mathbfλ$, reads $ U= \exp\left[ i \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbfλ \right] = \left[ \left( F + \tfrac{2}{3} G \right) I + \left( H \hat{\mathbf{v}} + \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}} G \hat{\mathbf{b}} \right) \cdot \mathbfλ \, \right] + i \left[ \left( Y + \tfrac{2}{3} Z \right) I + \left( X \hat{\mathbf{v}} + \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}} Z \hat{\mathbf{b}} \right) \cdot \mathbfλ \right] $, with $v_i=[\,v_1, \cdots v_8\,]$, $ b_i = d_{ijk} \, v_j \, v_k $, and factors $F, \cdots Z$ written in terms of elementary functions depending on $v=|\mathbf{v}|$ and $η= 2\, d_{ijk} \, \hat{v}_i \, \hat{v}_j \, \hat{v}_k /3 $. This result does not depend on the particular meaning attached to the variable $\mathbf{v}$ and the analytic expression is used to calculate explicitly the associated left and right forms. When $\mathbf{v}$ represents pseudoscalar meson fields, the classical limit corresponds to $\langle 0|η|0\rangle \rightarrow η\rightarrow 0$ and yields the cyclic structure $ U = \left\{ \left[ \tfrac{1}{3} \left( 1 + 2 \cos v \right) I + \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \left( -1 + \cos v \right) \hat{\mathbf{b}}\cdot \mathbfλ \right] + i \left( \sin v \right) \hat{\mathbf{v}}\cdot \mathbfλ \right\} $, which gives rise to a tilted circumference with radius $\sqrt{2/3}$ in the space defined by $I$, $\hat{\mathbf{b}}\cdot \mathbfλ $, and $\hat{\mathbf{v}}\cdot \mathbfλ $. The axial transformations of the analytic matrix are also evaluated explicitly.
Frequenz-basierter Covert Channel mithilfe der Intel Turbo Boost Technology
Creators: name: Kalmbach, Manuel
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019

description: Bisherige frequenzbasierte Covert Channel basieren auf dem Prinzip, dass entweder alle CPU-Kerne die gleiche CPU-Frequenz verwenden oder mithilfe des Betriebssystems, welches Schnittstellen bietet um die CPU-Frequenz eines anderen CPU-Kerns auszulesen. Durch Änderungen in aktuellen Mikroarchitekturen verwendet heute jedoch jeder CPU-Kern seine eigene CPU-Frequenz. Zudem kann das Betriebssystem den Zugriff auf die Information der CPU-Frequenz anderer CPU-Kerne einschränken und damit den Covert Channel verhindern. Aufgrund dieser Punkte wurde es das Ziel dieser Arbeit einen Covert Channel zu entwickeln, welcher über die CPU-Frequenz zwischen zwei Prozessen auf einem Hostsystem kommuniziert. Dabei wurde speziell darauf geachtet, dass diese Prozesse keine gesonderten Rechte brauchen und auch nicht auf Informationen des Betriebssystems angewiesen sind. Um die CPU-Frequenz zu beeinflussen wird dabei die Intel Turbo-Boost Technologie verwendet, welche das automatische Übertakten von CPU-Kerne erlaubt. Dabei ist die von Turbo-Boost festgelegte Turbofrequenz auf allen CPU-Kernen gleich, weswegen es möglich ist, hierüber Daten zu übertragen. Durch Reduzieren von Störungsquellen, sind Datenrate von 1000 bit/s möglich, was jedoch mit einer Fehlerrate von 13,5% verbunden ist. Bei einem System im Leerlauf wurde Nutzdatenraten von 56 bit/s erreicht. Neben der Kommunikation zwischen zwei Prozessen ist es auch möglich diesen Covert Channel zwischen zwei virtuellen Maschinen einzusetzen. Hierbei wurden Nutzdatenraten von bis zu 9 bit/s erreicht. Im Vergleich zu bisherigen frequenzbasierten Covert Channels schneidet dieser deutlich besser ab. So erreichen vergleichbare Covert Channels Nutzdatenraten von bis zu 20 bit/s, wobei diese auf die Mithilfe des Betriebssystems angewiesen sind.
title: Radio Galaxy Classification with wGAN-Supported Augmentation
Creators: name: Kummer, Janis
name: Rustige, Lennart
name: Griese, Florian
name: Borras, Kerstin
name: Brüggen, Marcus
name: Connor, Patrick L. S.
name: Gaede, Frank
name: Kasieczka, Gregor
name: Schleper, Peter
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Radio galaxy classification||Generative models||GANplyfication

description: Novel techniques are indispensable to process the flood of data from the new generation of radio telescopes. In particular, the classification of astronomical sources in images is challenging. Morphological classification of radio galaxies could be automated with deep learning models that require large sets of labelled training data. Here, we demonstrate the use of generative models, specifically Wasserstein GANs (wGAN), to generate artificial data for different classes of radio galaxies. Subsequently, we augment the training data with images from our wGAN. We find that a simple fully-connected neural network for classification can be improved significantly by including generated images into the training set.
Radio Galaxy Classification with wGAN-Supported Augmentation
Creators: name: Kummer, Janis
name: Rustige, Lennart
name: Griese, Florian
name: Borras, Kerstin
name: Brüggen, Marcus
name: Connor, Patrick L. S.
name: Gaede, Frank
name: Kasieczka, Gregor
name: Schleper, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel techniques are indispensable to process the flood of data from the new generation of radio telescopes. In particular, the classification of astronomical sources in images is challenging. Morphological classification of radio galaxies could be automated with deep learning models that require large sets of labelled training data. Here, we demonstrate the use of generative models, specifically Wasserstein GANs (wGAN), to generate artificial data for different classes of radio galaxies. Subsequently, we augment the training data with images from our wGAN. We find that a simple fully-connected neural network for classification can be improved significantly by including generated images into the training set.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; accepted to ml.astro; v2: matches published version
On the greatest common divisor of $n$ and the $n$th Fibonacci number, II
Creators: name: Jha, Abhishek
name: Sanna, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B39 (Primary) 11A05, 11N25 (Secondary)

description: Let $\mathcal{A}$ be the set of all integers of the form $\gcd(n, F_n)$, where $n$ is a positive integer and $F_n$ denotes the $n$th Fibonacci number. Leonetti and Sanna proved that $\mathcal{A}$ has natural density equal to zero, and asked for a more precise upper bound. We prove that \begin{equation*} \#\big(\mathcal{A} \cap [1, x]\big) \ll \frac{x \log \log \log x}{\log \log x} \end{equation*} for all sufficiently large $x$.
Theses Iuridicae, Partim Ex tit: Si Qvadrvpes Pavperiem Fecisse Dicatvr, Partim Ex tit: De L. Aquilia depromptæ
Creators: name: Driesch, Johannes von
name: Kaibing, Nicolaus
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2022

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Wircebvrgi, Excudebat Henricus Aquensis. 1591.
«Seuls les petits corpus ont le secret des petits corpus» – Explorative, Automated Analysis and Presentation of the Correspondence of French Writer Constance de Salm (1767–1845) in a Semantic Web Approach
Creators: name: Ondraszek, Sarah Rebecca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital Humanities
Semantic Web
Research Data Management
Data Modelling
Linked Open Data

description: This is the latest version of my Master's thesis that I handed in on the 4th of September 2023 and defended successfully on the 2nd of November 2023.
A huge thank you goes to Dr. Mareike König (German Historical Institute in Paris) and Prof. Dr. Christof Schöch (University of Trier) who supported and motivated me throughout this last step of my Master's degree in Digital Humanities.Abstract:
The significance of research data is steadily increasing. Their analysis and re-use enable new scientific insights. Alongside large-scale digitisation projects and the interest in big data, small and medium-sized research institutions have also launched digitisation and indexing projects. Just a few years ago, there were no standards for such projects. Data were often created in accordance with specific research questions and the wishes of researchers – and are therefore not available in a standardised form. Today, the necessary standards are being established by research data infrastructure initiatives such as NFDI. Questions such as "How can data – regardless of size – be standardised and thus saved from ending up in the data graveyard?", "How can data be made accessible and opened up for new research questions?" are becoming common in the research community and affect researchers regardless of their discipline. This thesis aims to explore the potential of transforming an existing data basis into a standardised linked open data model using the Semantic Web, ontologies and knowledge graphs. In addition, a new exploratory search option for the correspondence in the form of an interactive knowledge graph visualisation intends to enable renewed access to the data. Drawing on the limitations of the resulting user interface and visualisation, the project also outlines potential future research and improvements.
Molecules and dust in Cas A: I - Synthesis in the supernova phase and processing by the reverse shock in the clumpy remnant
Creators: name: Biscaro, Chiara
name: Cherchneff, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We study the chemistry of the Type IIb supernova ejecta that led to the Cas A supernova remnant to assess the chemical type and quantity of dust that forms and evolves in the remnant phase. We later model a dense oxygen-rich ejecta knot that is crossed by the reverse shock in Cas A to study the evolution of the clump gas phase and the possibility to reform dust clusters in the post-reverse shock gas. Methods: A chemical network including all processes efficient at high gas temperatures and densities is considered. The formation of key bimolecular species (CO, SiO) and dust clusters is described. Stiff, coupled, ordinary, differential equations are solved for the conditions pertaining to both the SN ejecta and the post-reverse shock gas. Results: We find that the ejecta of Type IIb SNe are unable to form large amounts of molecules and dust clusters as opposed to their Type II-P counterparts because of their diffuse ejecta. The gas density needs to be increased by several orders of magnitude to allow the formation of dust clusters. We show that the chemical composition of the dust clusters changes drastically and gains in chemical complexity with increasing gas density. Hence, the ejecta of the Cas A supernova progenitor must have been in the form of dense clumps to account for the dust chemical composition and masses inferred from infrared observations of Cas A. We show that the ejecta molecules in a clump that is processed by the reverse shock reform in the post-reverse shock gas with lower abundances than those of the initial ejecta clump, except SiO. These molecules include CO, SiS and O2. Dust clusters are destroyed by the reverse shock and do not reform in the post-reverse shock gas, even for the highest gas density. These results indicate that the synthesis of dust grains from the gas phase in the dense knots of Cas A and in other supernova remnants is unlikely.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Regarding the English: The Certificate in ELS Language Center Certified at Level 9. (Siming Zheng) for HKU
Creators: name: Siming Zheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200303 English as a Second Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Supporting English document:
The Certificate of Nine-level Certified Intensive Programme in English, ELS Language Center.
1. This ELS certificate is divided into the levels 3 to 9, and the highest level is 9.
2. I passed the final exam at level 9 and obtained the ELS certificate, which was certified at level 9.
Status: Passed and Awarded
Location: ELS Language Center, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia
Thank you for your reference.

Best regards,
Applicant: Siming Zheng
Quantum chemical roots of machine-learning molecular similarity descriptors
Creators: name: Gugler, Stefan
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore the quantum chemical foundations of descriptors for molecular similarity. Such descriptors are key for traversing chemical compound space with machine learning. Our focus is on the Coulomb matrix and on the smooth overlap of atomic positions (SOAP). We adopt a basic framework that allows us to connect both descriptors to electronic structure theory. This framework enables us then to define two new descriptors that are more closely related to electronic structure theory, which we call Coulomb lists and smooth overlap of electron densities (SOED). By investigating their usefulness as molecular similarity descriptors, we gain new insights in how and why Coulomb matrix and SOAP work. Moreover, Coulomb lists avoid the somewhat mysterious diagonalization step of the Coulomb matrix and might provide a direct means to extract subsystem information that can be compared across Born-Oppenheimer surfaces of varying dimension. For the electron density we derive the necessary formalism to create the SOED measure in close analogy to SOAP. Since this formalism is more involved than that of SOAP, we review the essential theory, but also introduce a set of approximations that eventually allow us to work with SOED in terms of the same implementation available for the evaluation of SOAP. We focus our analysis on elementary reaction steps, where transition state structures are more similar to either reactant or product structures than the latter two are with respect to one another. The prediction of electronic energies of transition state structures can, however, be more difficult than that of stable intermediates due to multi-configurational effects. The question arises to what extent molecular similarity descriptors rooted in electronic structure theory can resolve these intricate effects.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures
Männliche Erzieher als Vorbilder im Kindergarten. Geschlechter- und rollentheoretische Aspekte
Creators: name: Collenberg, Felix
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Erziehung
subject: Doing Gender
subject: Gendersensible Pädagogik
subject: Erzieher
subject: Kindergarten
subject: Vorbild
subject: Männlichkeit
subject: Geschlechterrolle

description: In der öffentlichen Debatte scheint Einigkeit darüber zu herrschen, dass in den Kindergärten männliche Erzieher als Vorbilder, vor allem für Jungen, benötigt werden. Doch wodurch werden sie zu Vorbildern? Diese Frage wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit aus einer geschlechtertheoretischen Perspektive beantwortet. Bei der Identitätsentwicklung brauchen Kinder Menschen, an denen sie sich orientieren können. Nicht nur ihre Eltern, sondern auch ErzieherInnen im Kindergarten werden für sie zu Vorbildern. Mädchen orientieren sich tendenziell eher an weiblichen Erzieherinnen und Jungen eher an männlichen Erziehern, denn wenn sie in den Kindergarten kommen, haben sie das Klassifikationsschema Geschlecht bereits verinnerlicht. Im Alltagsdenken ist Geschlecht sowohl eindeutig bestimmbar, als auch biologisch vorgegeben. Die Gesellschaft macht klare Vorgaben, welche Eigenschaften weiblich resp. männlich sind. Interessen und Neigungen, die aufgrund dieser gesellschaftlichen Vorstellungen nicht mit der eigenen Geschlechtsidentität kompatibel zu sein scheinen, werden unterdrückt. Betrachtet man Geschlecht als etwas sozial Konstruiertes, lassen sich Geschlechtsstereotype aufdecken und überwinden. In dieser Sichtweise ist Geschlecht nicht etwas, das man hat, sondern etwas, das man tut. Davon ausgegangen, dass Geschlecht in Interaktion hergestellt und reproduziert wird, kommt der Institution Kindergarten eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Durch das bewusste Durchkreuzen von Rollenzuschreibungen können Fachkräfte den Kindern zeigen, dass Männlichkeit und Weiblichkeit vielmehr ist als das, was die gesellschaftlichen Vorstellungen suggerieren. Dadurch können sie es den Kindern ermöglichen, sich bei ihrer Entwicklung nicht von geschlechtsspezifischen Rollenzuschreibungen einschränken zu lassen.
Darkling beetles of the tribe Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of the world fauna
Creators: name: Nabozhenko, Maxim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Tenebrionidae, Helopini, phylogeny, classification, distribution, origin, evolution, ecology, systematics

description: The largest group of Tenebrionidae, the tribe Helopini of the world fauna was revised. More than 100 new species of Helopini and 26 taxa of supraspecific ranks were described (including 2 fossil Paleogene taxa), about 150 new combinations were proposed, 61 taxa were synonymized; a morphological basis was developed using extant and extinct taxa to reconstruct the phylogeny and improve the classification of the group; the paleontological record of the family Tenebrionidae has been significantly refined and analyzed; phylogenetic models were obtained using morphological characters of adults and larvae, as well as genetic markers; a new balanced classification of the tribe Helopini was developed taking into account morphology, data from phylogenetic reconstructions, distribution and biological features of taxa; the hypothetical paleogeographic region and time of the origin of the tribe were identified; It was established that most Helopini species are the main consumers of fruticose and foliose lichens among macro-invertebrates in the Northern Hemisphere, thus playing a crucial role in many ecosystems.
Micromanipulation transfer of membrane resonators for circuit optomechanics
Creators: name: Berdova, Maria
name: Cho, Sung Un
name: Pirkkalainen, Juha-Matti
name: Sulkko, Jaakko
name: Song, Xuefeng
name: Hakonen, Pertti J.
name: Sillanpaa, Mika A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A capacitive coupling between mechanical resonator and a microwave cavity enables readout and manipulation of the vibrations. We present a setup to carry out such experiments with aluminum membranes fabricated as stamps and transferred in place with micromanipulation. The membrane is held in place by van der Waals forces, and is supported by three microscopic points. We measure the lowest mechanical modes, and conclude the membrane vibrates as an essentially free-free resonator. Sliding clamping conditions are identified via a softening Duffing nonlinearity. The method will enable reduction of clamping losses, while maintaining a narrow vacuum gap for strong capacitive coupling.
description: 4 pages
DiverGet: A Search-Based Software Testing Approach for Deep Neural Network Quantization Assessment
Creators: name: Yahmed, Ahmed Haj
name: Braiek, Houssem Ben
name: Khomh, Foutse
name: Bouzidi, Sonia
name: Zaatour, Rania
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantization is one of the most applied Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression strategies, when deploying a trained DNN model on an embedded system or a cell phone. This is owing to its simplicity and adaptability to a wide range of applications and circumstances, as opposed to specific Artificial Intelligence (AI) accelerators and compilers that are often designed only for certain specific hardware (e.g., Google Coral Edge TPU). With the growing demand for quantization, ensuring the reliability of this strategy is becoming a critical challenge. Traditional testing methods, which gather more and more genuine data for better assessment, are often not practical because of the large size of the input space and the high similarity between the original DNN and its quantized counterpart. As a result, advanced assessment strategies have become of paramount importance. In this paper, we present DiverGet, a search-based testing framework for quantization assessment. DiverGet defines a space of metamorphic relations that simulate naturally-occurring distortions on the inputs. Then, it optimally explores these relations to reveal the disagreements among DNNs of different arithmetic precision. We evaluate the performance of DiverGet on state-of-the-art DNNs applied to hyperspectral remote sensing images. We chose the remote sensing DNNs as they're being increasingly deployed at the edge (e.g., high-lift drones) in critical domains like climate change research and astronomy. Our results show that DiverGet successfully challenges the robustness of established quantization techniques against naturally-occurring shifted data, and outperforms its most recent concurrent, DiffChaser, with a success rate that is (on average) four times higher.
description: Accepted for publication in The Empirical Software Engineering Journal (EMSE)
Prince George's County Vision Zero Story Map
Creators: name: Ajala, Samuel
name: Akbari, Omar
name: Coleman, Janell
name: Patel, Kishan
name: Rauf, Asqa
name: Sheehy, Kayla
Publisher: name: Partnership for Action Learning in Sustainability (PALS)
Year: 2020
Subjects: National Center for Smart Growth
PALS
Sustainability
Maryland
Prince George's County
College of Information Studies
iSchool
ArcGIS Storymap
Data Visualization
Communications
Publicity
Spring 2020
Timothy Rainsford

description: Final project for INST490: Integrated Capstone for Information Science (Spring 2020). University of Maryland, College Park.
description: In the spring 2020 semester, the University of Maryland I-Consultancy tasked a team of college-level information scientists to consult with Prince George’s County’s Department of Public Works & Transportation (DPWT) on the development of a Vision Zero story map. This project was sponsored by the University of Maryland’s Partnership for Action Learning in Sustainability (PALS) and overseen by DPWT employees, Andrea Lasker and Nima Upadhyay. The Department of Public Works & Transportation oversees approximately 2,000 miles of roadways in the County and is responsible for ensuring safe road conditions by removing snow and ice, installing and upgrading streetlights, and much more. During the summer of 2019, Prince George’s County announced it would join the Vision Zero Initiative, a worldwide project aimed at eliminating traffic fatalities and severe injuries. The County’s participation requires that DPWT produce a story map or website that showcases data trends in crashes in the County. The I-Consultancy team was tasked to help the department produce this deliverable. This report gives an overview of the Vision Zero story map and provides information on accessing, maintaining, and updating it.
Witnessing spin-orbit thermal entanglement in rare-earth ions
Creators: name: Duarte, O. S.
name: Castro, C. S.
name: Soares-Pinto, D. O.
name: Reis, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore spin-orbit thermal entanglement in rare-earth ions, based on a witness obtained from mean energies. The entanglement temperature $T_{E}$, below which entanglement emerges, is found to be thousands of kelvin above room temperature for all light rare earths. This demonstrate the robustness to environmental fluctuations of entanglement between internal degrees of freedom of a single ion.
description: accepted for publication in EPL
Critical light-matter entanglement at cavity mediated phase transition
Creators: name: Chiriacò, Giuliano
name: Dalmonte, Marcello
name: Chanda, Titas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model of a light-matter system, in which a system of fermions (or bosons) is coupled to a photonic mode that drives a phase transitions in the matter degrees of freedom. Starting from a simplified analytical model, we show that the entanglement between light and matter vanishes at small and large coupling strength, and shows a peak in the proximity of the transition. We perform numerical simulations for a specific model (relevant to both solid state and cold atom platforms), and show that the entanglement displays critical behavior at the transition, and features maximum susceptibility, as demonstrated by a maximal entanglement capacity. Remarkably, light-matter entanglement provides direct access to critical exponents, suggesting a novel approach to measure universal properties without direct matter probes.
description: 10 pages; 7 figures
Smoking prevalence in neighborhood and hospital controls: implications for hospital-based case-control studies
Creators: name: Morabia, Alfredo
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Wynder, Ernest L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: It is widely believed that the prevalence of smoking among hospital patients is greater than that of the general population because many conditions for which patients are hospitalized are caused by or associated with smoking, and that this increased prevalence may bias results of case-control studies of tobacco-related diseases. For this reason, many authors have suggested excluding from the control series patients hospitalized for tobacco-related illnesses. The present study investigated potential selection bias for hospital compared to neighborhood controls in studying tobacco-related diseases. The 709 cases from six U.S. cities had tobacco-related cancers or myocardial infarction. They were individually matched to one hospital control and to one neighbor. After excluding patients with tobacco-related diseases, hospital controls were less often current smokers and more often former smokers than neighborhood controls. Among male ever smokers, hospital controls tended to smoke more cigarettes per day than neighborhood controls. Compared with the U.S. population, there was an over-representation of smokers in neighborhood controls rather than an under-representation of smokers in hospital controls. Relative risk estimates varied according to type of control. Choosing between hospital and neighborhood controls in case-control studies should be dictated by criteria related to the study hypothesis, participation, or cost. In particular, exclusion of hospital controls with diseases known to be tobacco-related seems to be a successful strategy for reducing selection bias.
Shapes of polyhedra, mixed volumes, and hyperbolic geometry
Creators: name: Fillastre, Francois
name: Izmestiev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B11, 52B35, 57M50

description: We are generalizing to higher dimensions the Bavard-Ghys construction of the hyperbolic metric on the space of polygons with fixed directions of edges. The space of convex d-dimensional polyhedra with fixed directions of facet normals has a decomposition into type cones that correspond to different combinatorial types of polyhedra. This decomposition is a subfan of the secondary fan of a vector configuration and can be analyzed with the help of Gale diagrams. We construct a family of quadratic forms on each of the type cones using the theory of mixed volumes. The Alexandrov-Fenchel inequalities ensure that these forms have exactly one positive eigenvalue. This introduces a piecewise hyperbolic structure on the space of similarity classes of polyhedra with fixed directions of facet normals. We show that some of the dihedral angles on the boundary of the resulting cone-manifold are equal to π/2.
description: 56 pages, 27 figures
MISO: Exploiting Multi-Instance GPU Capability on Multi-Tenant Systems for Machine Learning
Creators: name: Li, Baolin
name: Patel, Tirthak
name: Samsi, Siddarth
name: Gadepally, Vijay
name: Tiwari, Devesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: GPU technology has been improving at an expedited pace in terms of size and performance, empowering HPC and AI/ML researchers to advance the scientific discovery process. However, this also leads to inefficient resource usage, as most GPU workloads, including complicated AI/ML models, are not able to utilize the GPU resources to their fullest extent -- encouraging support for GPU multi-tenancy. We propose MISO, a technique to exploit the Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) capability on the latest NVIDIA datacenter GPUs (e.g., A100, H100) to dynamically partition GPU resources among co-located jobs. MISO's key insight is to use the lightweight, more flexible Multi-Process Service (MPS) capability to predict the best MIG partition allocation for different jobs, without incurring the overhead of implementing them during exploration. Due to its ability to utilize GPU resources more efficiently, MISO achieves 49% and 16% lower average job completion time than the unpartitioned and optimal static GPU partition schemes, respectively.
Moment-functional based spectral density-functional theory
Creators: name: Freimuth, Frank
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Mokrousov, Yuriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a density-functional method which aims at computing the ground state electron density and the spectral function at the same time. One basic ingredient of our method is the construction of the spectral function from the first four spectral moment matrices. The second basic ingredient is the construction of the spectral moment matrices from density functionals. We call our method moment-functional based spectral density-functional theory (MFbSDFT), because it is based on density-functionals for the spectral moments and because it allows us to compute the spectral function. If it is implemented in second variation our method consumes only a fraction more computer time than a standard DFT calculation with the PBE functional. We show that MFbSDFT captures correlation effects such as the valence-band satellite in Ni and the formation of lower and upper Hubbard bands in SrVO$_3$. For the purpose of constructing the spectral function from the first four $N\times N$ spectral moment matrices we describe an efficient algorithm based on the diagonalization of one hermitean $2N\times 2N$ matrix.
Spontaneous breaking of spacetime symmetries and the inverse Higgs effect
Creators: name: Brauner, Tomáš
name: Watanabe, Haruki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been long known that when spacetime symmetry is spontaneously broken, some of the broken generators may not give rise to independent gapless, Nambu-Goldstone excitations. We provide two complementary viewpoints of this phenomenon. On the one hand, we show that the corresponding field degrees of freedom have the same symmetry transformation properties as massive, matter fields. The "inverse Higgs constraints", sometimes employed to eliminate these modes from the theory, are reinterpreted as giving a field parametrization that makes these transformation properties manifest. On the other hand, relations among classical symmetry transformations generally lead to identities for the associated Noether currents that allow saturation of the Ward-Takahashi identities for all the broken symmetries with fewer gapless excitations than suggested by mere counting of broken generators.
description: 7 pages
Recirculating Light Phase Modulator
Creators: name: Huang, Haijin
name: Han, Xu
name: Balčytis, Armandas
name: Dubey, Aditya
name: Boes, Andreas
name: Nguyen, Thach G.
name: Ren, Guanghui
name: Tan, Mengxi
name: Tian, Yonghui
name: Mitchell, Arnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High efficiency and a compact footprint are desired properties for electro-optic modulators. In this paper, we propose, theoretically investigate and experimentally demonstrate a recirculating phase modulator, which increases the modulation efficiency by modulating the optical field several times in a non-resonant waveguide structure. The 'recycling' of light is achieved by looping the optical path that exits the phase modulator back and coupling it to a higher order waveguide mode, which then repeats its passage through the phase modulator. By looping the light back twice, we were able to demonstrate a recirculating phase modulator that requires nine times lower power to generate the same modulation index of a single pass phase modulator. This approach of modulation efficiency enhancement is promising for the design of advanced tunable electro optical frequency comb generators and other electro-optical devices with defined operational frequency bandwidths.
Finding an induced subdivision of a digraph
Creators: name: Bang-Jensen, Jørgen
name: Havet, Frédéric
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C85

description: We consider the following problem for oriented graphs and digraphs: Given an oriented graph (digraph) $G$, does it contain an induced subdivision of a prescribed digraph $D$? The complexity of this problem depends on $D$ and on whether $G$ must be an oriented graph or is allowed to contain 2-cycles. We give a number of examples of polynomial instances as well as several NP-completeness proofs.
Precision Photometry Follow-up of High-Value Southern Hemisphere TESS Targets with Minerva-Australis
Creators: name: Bhure, Sakhee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Exoplanets
Data Analysis Techniques
TESS Follow-up

description: The MINERVA-Australis facility is a southern-hemisphere robotic telescope array with instruments capable of providing both precision radial velocity spectroscopy and transit photometry for TESS follow-up. Its newly incorporated ability to perform simultaneous photometry of one target with four separate telescopes effectively samples independent atmospheric cells for a fourfold reduction in scintillation. This upgrade provides a combined photometric precision comparable to large ground-based telescopes as demonstrated by the recent detection of a 1.0 R_Earth planet. We present a demonstration of the array’s sensitivity and plans to follow-up ~75 of these high-value TESS candidates in order to obtain precise transit times and perform transit light-curve analyses. By working towards the TFOP SG1 goals of identifying false positives and transit timing variations, and refining ephemerides, MINERVA-Australis would be able to recover the signals of planets most amenable for further follow-up by JWST and the ELTs.
Kan injectivity in order-enriched categories
Creators: name: Adamek, Jiri
name: Sousa, Lurdes
name: Velebil, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Continuous lattices were characterised by Martin Escardo as precisely the objects that are Kan-injective w.r.t. a certain class of morphisms. We study Kan-injectivity in general categories enriched in posets. For every class H of morphisms we study the subcategory of all objects Kan-injective w.r.t. H and all morphisms preserving Kan-extensions. For categories such as Top_0 and Pos we prove that whenever H is a set of morphisms, the above subcategory is monadic, and the monad it creates is a Kock-Zoeberlein monad. However, this does not generalise to proper classes: we present a class of continuous mappings in Top_0 for which Kan-injectivity does not yield a monadic category.
description: 23 pages
The Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling in Adult Muscle Stem Cell and Myogenic Differentiation
Creators: name: Rajgara, Rashida
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2023
Subjects: Glucocorticoids
Stem cell
Muscle repair and regeneration
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Quiescence
Glucocorticoid Receptor

description: Glucocorticoids are the most widely prescribed medications due primarily to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions, however, their use is not without side effects. Among these, glucocorticoids cause profound muscle atrophy, yet paradoxically are used as the first line of treatment for muscle wasting disorders such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and inflammatory myopathies. In DMD patients, glucocorticoid treatment can improve muscle strength during the first 6 months of treatment and can delay loss of muscle function by up to three years. While recent advancements have been made to understand the effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the myofiber, the impact of GCs on skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the adult stem cells responsible for muscle regeneration, and their role in myogenic differentiation, are relatively unknown. To study the role of glucocorticoid signalling during muscle repair, I developed a conditional null mouse (GRMuSC-/-) model in which glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is knocked out specifically in MuSCs (GRMuSC-/-). One-week following acute muscle injury, WT and GRMuSC-/- mice both underwent robust repair assessed by myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis. However, the GR-/- MuSCs failed to return to quiescence following repair resulting in a significant increase in average myofiber CSA at 28- and 42- days post-injury, as compared to controls. Loss of the GR led to a significant increase in the percentage of PAX7+Ki67+ cycling cells in GRMuSC-/- mice (as compared to controls) at 42 days post injury. In the uninjured contralateral limb, I observed significantly fewer MuSCs in GRMuSC-/- mice with a concomitant increase in fibers with centrally located nuclei, indicating that these PAX7+ MuSCs progressed to differentiation in the absence of direct injury. In an uninjured model, two weeks following loss of GR expression there was an increase in the percentage of BrdU+ and Ki67+ cycling cells in resting GRMuSC-/- tibialis anterior muscles as compared to WT, suggesting that the GR acts to maintain MuSC quiescence. Consistent with this, immunostaining of single EDL myofiber fibers at T2h post-dissociation revealed that loss of GR in MuSCs lead to precocious activation and subsequent proliferation of MuSCs as compared to controls. Bulk RNA-sequencing from in situ fixed MuSCs in resting muscle revealed that the gene signature of GR-/- MuSCs was consistent with cells that have exited from the quiescent state and are activated for differentiation. Despite precocious activation, GR-/- myoblasts differentiate and fuse normally, however the myotubes produced had abnormal morphology and aberrant myonuclear placement in regenerated muscle fibers in vivo.
Health data for research - GDPR challenges
Creators: name: Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
name: Kraaikamp, Emilie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: GDPR
health data
secondary data use
challenges
European Health Data Space (EHDS)

description: The BY-COVID project's second Annual General Assembly took place in Barcelona on October 9-10. DANS co-organised the workshop 'GDPR - common challenges when mobilising data', aiming to gather experiences, challenges, and solutions to GDPR-related issues when mobilising data for infectious disease research.  
The workshop gathered participants from BY-COVID and relevant projects, to gather experiences, best practices, as well as challenges and solutions identified. The workshop featured a presentation by Emilie Kraaikamp (DANS) on 'Health data for research - GDPR challenges'. The presentation provided an overview of how GDPR-related issues feature in the health data landscape, including issues surrounding secondary data use, barriers to international collaboration, and The European Health Data Space (EHDS) initiative. The current record includes the slides of this presentation.
Evolution of Ge wetting layers growing on smooth and rough Si (001) surfaces: isolated {105} facets as a kinetic factor of stress relaxation
Creators: name: Arapkina, Larisa V.
name: Chizh, Kirill V.
name: Dubkov, Vladimir P.
name: Storozhevykh, Mikhail S.
name: Yuryev, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of STM and RHEED studies of a thin Ge film grown on the Si/Si(001) epitaxial layers with different surface relief are presented. Process of the partial stress relaxation was accompanied by changes in the surface structure of the Ge wetting layer. Besides the well-known sequence of surface reconstructions ($2 \times 1 \rightarrow 2 \times N \rightarrow M \times N$ patches) and hut clusters faceted with {105} planes, the formation of isolated {105} planes, which faceted the edges of $M \times N$ patches, has been observed owing to the deposition of Ge on a rough Si/Si (001) surface. A model of the isolated {105} facet formation has been proposed based on the assumption that the mutual arrangement of the monoatomic steps on the initial Si surface promotes the wetting layer formation with the inhomogeneously distributed thickness that results in the appearance of $M \times N$ patches partially surrounded by deeper trenches than those observed in the usual Ge wetting layer grown on the smooth Si(001) surface. Isolated {105} facets are an inherent part of the Ge wetting layer structure and their formation decreases the surface energy of the Ge wetting layer.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Controlling the balance between remote, pinhole, and van der Waals epitaxy of Heusler films on graphene/sapphire
Creators: name: Du, Dongxue
name: Jung, Taehwan
name: Manzo, Sebastian
name: LaDuca, Zachary T.
name: Zheng, Xiaoqi
name: Su, Katherine
name: McChesney, Jessica L.
name: Arnold, Michael S.
name: Kawasaki, Jason K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Remote epitaxy on monolayer graphene is promising for synthesis of highly lattice mismatched materials, exfoliation of free-standing membranes, and re-use of expensive substrates. However, clear experimental evidence of a remote mechanism remains elusive. In many cases, due to contaminants at the transferred graphene/substrate interface, alternative mechanisms such as pinhole-seeded lateral epitaxy or van der Waals epitaxy can explain the resulting exfoliatable single-crystalline films. Here, we find that growth of the Heusler compound GdPtSb on clean graphene on sapphire substrates produces a 30 degree rotated epitaxial superstructure that cannot be explained by pinhole or van der Waals epitaxy. With decreasing growth temperature the volume fraction of this 30 degree domain increases compared to the direct epitaxial 0 degree domain, which we attribute to slower surface diffusion at low temperature that favors remote epitaxy, compared to faster surface diffusion at high temperature that favors pinhole epitaxy. We further show that careful graphene/substrate annealing ($T\sim 700 ^\circ C$) and consideration of the film/substrate vs film/graphene lattice mismatch are required to obtain epitaxy to the underlying substrate for a variety of other Heusler films, including LaPtSb and GdAuGe. The 30 degree rotated superstructure provides a possible experimental fingerprint of remote epitaxy since it is inconsistent with the leading alternative mechanisms.
On Discovering Electromagnetic Emission from Neutron Star Mergers: The Early Years of Two Gravitational Wave Detectors
Creators: name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Nissanke, Samaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first simulation addressing the prospects of finding an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart to gravitational wave detections (GW) during the early years of only two advanced interferometers. The perils of such a search may have appeared insurmountable when considering the coarse ring-shaped GW localizations spanning thousands of deg^2 using time-of-arrival information alone. We show that leveraging the amplitude and phase information of the predicted GW signal narrows the localization to arcs with a median area of only ~250 deg^2, thereby making an EM search tractable. Based on the locations and orientations of the two LIGO detectors, we find that the GW sensitivity is limited to one polarization and thus to only two sky quadrants. Thus, the rates of GW events with two interferometers is only ~40% of the rate with three interferometers of similar sensitivity. Another important implication of the sky quadrant bias is that EM observatories in North America and Southern Africa would be able to systematically respond to GW triggers several hours sooner than Russia and Chile. Given the larger sky areas and the relative proximity of detected mergers, 1m-class telescopes with very wide-field cameras are well positioned for the challenge of finding an EM counterpart. Identification of the EM counterpart amidst the even larger numbers of false positives further underscores the importance of building a comprehensive catalog of foreground stellar sources, background AGN and potential host galaxies in the local universe.
description: Submitted to ApJL, 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table