cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Empagliflozin reduces kidney fibrosis and improves kidney function by alternative macrophage activation in rats with 5/6-nephrectomy
Creators: name: Lu, Yong-Ping
name: Wu, Hong-Wei
name: Zhu, Ting
name: Li, Xi -Tong
name: Zuo, Jiao
name: Hasan, Ahmed A.
name: Reichetzeder, Christoph
name: Delic, Denis
name: Yard, Benito
name: Klein, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Non-diabetic kidney disease
subject: SGLT2 inhibitor
subject: Macrophage-myofibroblast transition
subject: Fibrosis
subject: Polarization
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Background Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors originally developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are clinically very effective drugs halting chronic kidney disease progression. The underlying mechanisms are, however, not fully understood. Methods We generated single-cell transcriptomes of kidneys from rats with 5/6 nephrectomy before and after SGLT2 inhibitors treatment by single-cell RNA sequencing. Findings Empagliflozin treatment decreased BUN, creatinine and urinary albumin excretion compared to placebo by 39.8%, 34.1%, and 55%, respectively (p < 0.01 in all cases). Renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis was likewise decreased by 51% and 66.8%; respectively (p < 0.05 in all cases). 14 distinct kidney cell clusters could be identified by scRNA-seq. The polarization of M2 macrophages from state 1 (CD206-CD68- M2 macrophages) to state 5 (CD206+CD68+ M2 macrophages) was the main pro-fibrotic process, as CD206+CD68+ M2 macrophages highly expressed fibrosis-promoting genes and can convert into fibrocytes. Empagliflozin remarkably inhibited the expression of fibrosis-promoting (IFG1 and TREM2) and polarization-associated genes (GPNMB, LGALS3, PRDX5, and CTSB) in CD206+CD68+ M2 macrophages and attenuated inflammatory signals from CD8+ effector T cells. The inhibitory effect of empagliflozin on CD206+CD68+ M2 macrophages polarization was mainly achieved by affecting mitophagy and mTOR pathways. Interpretation We propose that the beneficial effects of empagliflozin on kidney function and morphology in 5/6 nephrectomyiced rats with established CKD are at least partially due to an inhibition of CD206+CD68+ M2 macrophage polarization by targeting mTOR and mitophagy pathways and attenuating inflammatory signals from CD8+ effector T cells. Fundings A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
A Multidimensional Typology of Open Spaces in Europe
Creators: name: Wandl, Alexander
name: Rooij, Remon
name: Rocco, Roberto
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: To improve the ecosystem service provided by open spaces in dispersed urban areas is a key challenge for sustainable spatial development in Europe. The typology presented in this article illustrates the different potentials that open spaces in territories-in-between have across 10 cases in Europe. Unlike other typologies, neither function nor form is used for the classification, but the potential interaction of open spaces with social, technical and ecological networks. Therefore, the typology informs regional spatial planning and design about the potential ecosystem services in networked urban regions. Thereby the importance of territories-in-between, which are often neglected by mainstream spatial planning and design, for sustainable development is highlighted.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 02 (2020): Territories -in- between
Characteristics of Territories-in-between
Creators: name: Wandl, Alexander
name: Nadin, Vincent
name: Zonneveld, Wil
name: Rooij, Remon
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: Much of physical territory of the Europe does not fit classic ‘urban–rural’ typologies but can best be described as ‘territories-in-between’ (TiB). There is considerable agreement that TiB is pervasive and very significant. However, typologies of territory or spatial development continue to employ only degrees of either urban or rural. Similarly, spatial planning and territorial development policies rarely make use of the notion of in-between areas but tend instead to divide the territory into urban and rural zones. Questions have been raised therefore about the lack of understanding of territories-in-between and their negligence in planning policy. This paper contributes to a better understanding of TiB, by proposing a method for their characterisation and mapping. It asks if there can be a common definition of TiB that reflects consistent and distinctive characteristics across the great variety of spatial development contexts in Europe. It proposes spatial and demographic criteria for their definition, mapping and comparison. The comparison with widely used urban–rural classifications shows that the presented classification of TiB has three advantages: (i) it maps the complexity of the spatial structure of urbanised areas on a regional scale, and thereby helps to overcome the prevalent idea that urbanised regions are characterised by a spatial gradient from urban centre(s) to rural periphery; (ii) it emphasises the network structure of territories-in-between and the underlying connectivity of places with different functions and (iii) it raises awareness that in some parts of Europe a settlement pattern has developed that cannot be understood as either urban or rural.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 02 (2020): Territories -in- between
QuasAr Odyssey: the origin of fluorescence and its voltage sensitivity in microbial rhodopsins
Creators: name: Silapetere, Arita
name: Hwang, Songhwan
name: Hontani, Yusaku
name: Fernandez Lahore, Rodrigo G.
name: Balke, Jens
name: Velazquez Escobar, Francisco
name: Tros, Martijn
name: Konold, Patrick E.
name: Matis, Rainer
name: Alexiev, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological fluorescence
subject: Biophysical chemistry
subject: Membrane potential
subject: Molecular biophysics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Rhodopsins had long been considered non-fluorescent until a peculiar voltage-sensitive fluorescence was reported for archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch3) derivatives. These proteins named QuasArs have been used for imaging membrane voltage changes in cell cultures and small animals. However due to the low fluorescence intensity, these constructs require use of much higher light intensity than other optogenetic tools. To develop the next generation of sensors, it is indispensable to first understand the molecular basis of the fluorescence and its modulation by the membrane voltage. Based on spectroscopic studies of fluorescent Arch3 derivatives, we propose a unique photo-reaction scheme with extended excited-state lifetimes and inefficient photoisomerization. Molecular dynamics simulations of Arch3, of the Arch3 fluorescent derivative Archon1, and of several its mutants have revealed different voltage-dependent changes of the hydrogen-bonding networks including the protonated retinal Schiff-base and adjacent residues. Experimental observations suggest that under negative voltage, these changes modulate retinal Schiff base deprotonation and promote a decrease in the populations of fluorescent species. Finally, we identified molecular constraints that further improve fluorescence quantum yield and voltage sensitivity.
Ion-mediated interactions between net-neutral slabs: Weak and strong disorder effects
Creators: name: Ghodrat, Malihe
name: Naji, Ali
name: Komaie-Moghaddam, Haniyeh
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effective interaction between two randomly charged but otherwise net-neutral, planar dielectric slabs immersed in an asymmetric Coulomb fluid containing a mixture of mobile monovalent and multivalent ions. The presence of charge disorder on the apposed bounding surfaces of the slabs leads to substantial qualitative changes in the way they interact, as compared with the standard picture provided by the van der Waals and image-induced, ion-depletion interactions. While, the latter predict purely attractive interactions between strictly neutral slabs, we show that the combined effects from surface charge disorder, image depletion, Debye (or salt) screening and also, in particular, their coupling with multivalent ions, give rise to a more diverse behavior for the effective interaction between net-neutral slabs. Disorder effects show large variation depending on the properly quantified strength of disorder, leading either to non-monotonic effective interaction with both repulsive and attractive branches when the surface charges are weakly disordered (small disorder variance) or to a dominating attractive interaction that is larger both in its range and magnitude than what is predicted from the van der Waals and image-induced, ion-depletion interactions, when the surfaces are strongly disordered (large disorder variance).
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase cooperate with molnupiravir and N4-hydroxycytidine to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication
Creators: name: Stegmann, Kim M.
name: Dickmanns, Antje
name: Heinen, Natalie
name: Blaurock, Claudia
name: Karrasch, Tim
name: Breithaupt, Angele
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Uhlig, Nadja
name: Eberlein, Valentina
name: Issmail, Leila
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: replication suppression
subject: inhibitors
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: The nucleoside analog N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) is the active metabolite of the prodrug molnupiravir, which has been approved for the treatment of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 incorporates NHC into its RNA, resulting in defective virus genomes. Likewise, inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) reduce virus yield upon infection, by suppressing the cellular synthesis of pyrimidines. Here, we show that NHC and DHODH inhibitors strongly synergize in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. We propose that the lack of available pyrimidine nucleotides upon DHODH inhibition increases the incorporation of NHC into nascent viral RNA. This concept is supported by the rescue of virus replication upon addition of pyrimidine nucleosides to the media. DHODH inhibitors increased the antiviral efficiency of molnupiravir not only in organoids of human lung, but also in Syrian Gold hamsters and in K18-hACE2 mice. Combining molnupiravir with DHODH inhibitors may thus improve available therapy options for COVID-19.
Landscape Fragmentation and Accessibility of Green Spaces
Creators: name: Wandl, Alexander
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: To improve the positive effects provided by green spaces on human well-being in dispersed urban areas is a key challenge for sustainable spatial development in Europe. This article presents a methodology that allows for the comparison of the potential of green spaces in territories-inbetween across Europe, in a way that crosses the fields of urban ecology and urbanism. The article adds to the existing knowledge and understanding of the relation between the spatial organisation of systems of green spaces and their accessibility to biodiversity and human well-being. Firstly, it adapts the fragmentation index in a way that it can be applied to the specific spatial characteristics of territories-in-between. Secondly, it combines the fragmentation index with an indicator for accessibility of green spaces, in order to integrate aspects of ecology, human well-being and the spatial heterogeneity of the relation between them. The methodology is applied to ten areas across western Europe in order to inform decision and policy makers including urban planners, designers and environmental agencies to be able to assess the potential of system of green spaces for biological diversity and human well-being in an integrated manner.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 02 (2020): Territories -in- between
From Dispersed Urban Areas to Territories- in-between
Creators: name: Wandl, Alexander
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: The dissertation began with the observation that there is an increasing body of literature suggesting that the conventional idea of a gradual transition in spatial structure from urban to rural does not properly reflect contemporary patterns of urban development and their potential for sustainable development. Furthermore, it was argued that large parts of the urbanised areas of Europe are dispersed and that these are neglected in urban and spatial planning policies. Such areas tend to be labelled simply as sprawl, though there is little evidence about whether such dispersed development is more or less sustainable than other forms of urban development. Moreover, evidence points in the direction that large amounts of dispersed urban development ask for different planning instruments which reflect the complexity and network structure of theses specific settlement patterns. At the turn of the millennium and across Europe, concepts describing dispersed urban areas, like Zwischenstadt, città diffusa or tussenland gained some attention. They share an understanding of design and planning for the territory based on seeing the ‘urban landscape as a large interlocking system rather than as a set of discrete cities surrounded by countryside’ (Bruegmann, 2005). Nevertheless, none of the concepts influenced mainstream planning policy beyond a few individual plans and projects. To summarise, there is a limited understanding of the nature of dispersed urban development, uncertainty about how the sustainability of such areas can be assessed, and few policy instruments that would achieve any sustainability potential they offer. The dissertation sets out to contribute to an improved understanding of these issues by answering the following three research questions. 1. What spatial structures characterise dispersed urban areas in Europe? 2. Which morphological and functional structures of dispersed urban areas offer the potential for more sustainable development? If so, how can this potential be mapped and measured to inform regional planning and design? 3. Are there similarities and dissimilarities concerning potentials of dispersed urban areas in different locations, planning cultures, topographies and histories?
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 02 (2020): Territories -in- between
Inverse scattering theory for Schrödinger operators with steplike potentials
Creators: name: Egorova, Iryna
name: Gladka, Zoya
name: Lange, Till Luc
name: Teschl, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 34L25, 81U40, Secondary 34B30, 34L40

description: We study the direct and inverse scattering problem for the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with steplike potentials. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the scattering data to correspond to a potential with prescribed smoothness and prescribed decay to their asymptotics. These results are important for solving the Korteweg-de Vries equation via the inverse scattering transform.
description: 28 pages
Recent advances in the development of metal complexes as antibacterial agents with metal-specific modes of action.
Creators: name: Waters, Jessica E
name: Stevens-Cullinane, Lars
name: Siebenmann, Lukas
name: Hess, Jeannine
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
Biochemistry & Proteomics
Infectious Disease
Structural Biology & Biophysics

description: The mounting burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most concerning threats to public health worldwide. With low economic incentives and a dwindling supply of new drugs in clinical pipelines, more innovative approaches to novel drug design and development are desperately required. Metal-based compounds are rapidly emerging as an alternative to organic drugs, as they have the ability to kill pathogens via metal-specific modes of action. We herein review recent advances in metal-based antibacterial agents, including metal complexes, metal ions and catalytic metallodrugs. The review concludes with a perspective on the rational design of metal-based antibiotics, and how we can exploit their unique properties to tackle AMR.
Social cognition in early-onset schizophrenia: performance compared to schizoaffective disorder, genetic high risk, and controls
Creators: name: Lewis, Shannon Miramanee
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: There is a significant body of literature on the social cognitive deficits in adults with schizophrenia, and little information describing the social cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) factors impacting social cognition and (2) the social cognitive abilities of youth with early-onset schizophrenia by comparing their performance on the Eyes test to (a) controls, (b) genetically high-risk youth, and (c) youth with early-onset schizoaffective disorder. The study drew from data in the Conte and TEOSS studies, which included measures of social cognition and attention for 176 youth. A Pearson correlation and analysis of variance was used to identify variables impacting social cognition. An analysis of covariance was used to examine social cognition in youth with schizophrenia after controlling for extraneous factors. Results indicated age and attention as covariates, and significant social cognitive deficits in youth with schizophrenia.
Impact of energy limitations on function and resilience in long-wavelength Photosystem II
Creators: name: Viola, Stefania
name: Roseby, William
name: Santabarbara, Stefano
name: Nürnberg, Dennis
name: Assunção, Ricardo
name: Dau, Holger
name: Sellés, Julien
name: Boussac, Alain
name: Fantuzzi, Andrea
name: Rutherford, A. William
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: photosystem II
subject: cyanobacteria
subject: photochemistry
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Photosystem II (PSII) uses the energy from red light to split water and reduce quinone, an energy-demanding process based on chlorophyll a (Chl-a) photochemistry. Two types of cyanobacterial PSII can use chlorophyll d (Chl-d) and chlorophyll f (Chl-f) to perform the same reactions using lower energy, far-red light. PSII from Acaryochloris marina has Chl-d replacing all but one of its 35 Chl-a, while PSII from Chroococcidiopsis thermalis, a facultative far-red species, has just 4 Chl-f and 1 Chl-d and 30 Chl-a. From bioenergetic considerations, the far-red PSII were predicted to lose photochemical efficiency and/or resilience to photodamage. Here, we compare enzyme turnover efficiency, forward electron transfer, back-reactions and photodamage in Chl-f-PSII, Chl-d-PSII, and Chl-a-PSII. We show that: (i) all types of PSII have a comparable efficiency in enzyme turnover; (ii) the modified energy gaps on the acceptor side of Chl-d-PSII favour recombination via PD1+Phe- repopulation, leading to increased singlet oxygen production and greater sensitivity to high-light damage compared to Chl-a-PSII and Chl-f-PSII; (iii) the acceptor-side energy gaps in Chl-f-PSII are tuned to avoid harmful back reactions, favouring resilience to photodamage over efficiency of light usage. The results are explained by the differences in the redox tuning of the electron transfer cofactors Phe and QA and in the number and layout of the chlorophylls that share the excitation energy with the primary electron donor. PSII has adapted to lower energy in two distinct ways, each appropriate for its specific environment but with different functional penalties.
A Bayesian view of Single-Qubit Clocks, and an Energy versus Accuracy tradeoff
Creators: name: Gopalkrishnan, Manoj
name: Kandula, Varshith
name: Sriram, Praveen
name: Deshpande, Abhishek
name: Muralidharan, Bhaskaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We bring a Bayesian approach to the analysis of clocks. Using exponential distributions as priors for clocks, we analyze how well one can keep time with a single qubit freely precessing under a magnetic field. We find that, at least with a single qubit, quantum mechanics does not allow exact timekeeping, in contrast to classical mechanics which does. We find the design of the single-qubit clock that leads to maximum accuracy. Further, we find an energy versus accuracy tradeoff --- the energy cost is at least $k_BT$ times the improvement in accuracy as measured by the entropy reduction in going from the prior distribution to the posterior distribution. We propose a physical realization of the single qubit clock using charge transport across a capacitively-coupled quantum dot.
description: v2: 9 pages, 5 figures. v1:6 pages, figures
Sources of surface O3 in the UK: tagging O3 within WRF-Chem
Creators: name: Romero-Alvarez, Johana
name: Lupacu, Aurelia
name: Lowe, Douglas
name: Badia, Alba
name: Archer-Nicholls, Scott
name: Dorling, Steve
name: Reeves, Claire E.
name: Butler, Tim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: surface O3
subject: sources
subject: United Kingdom
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations depend on a combination of hemispheric, regional, and local-scale processes. Estimates of how much O3 is produced locally vs. transported from further afield are essential in air quality management and regulatory policies. Here, a tagged-ozone mechanism within the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to quantify the contributions to surface O3 in the UK from anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from inside and outside the UK during May–August 2015. The contribution of the different source regions to three regulatory O3 metrics is also examined. It is shown that model simulations predict the concentration and spatial distribution of surface O3 with a domain-wide mean bias of −3.7 ppbv. Anthropogenic NOx emissions from the UK and Europe account for 13 % and 16 %, respectively, of the monthly mean surface O3 in the UK, as the majority (71 %) of O3 originates from the hemispheric background. Hemispheric O3 contributes the most to concentrations in the north and the west of the UK with peaks in May, whereas European and UK contributions are most significant in the east, south-east, and London, i.e. the UK's most populated areas, intensifying towards June and July. Moreover, O3 from European sources is generally transported to the UK rather than produced in situ. It is demonstrated that more stringent emission controls over continental Europe, particularly in western Europe, would be necessary to improve the health-related metric MDA8 O3 above 50 and 60 ppbv. Emission controls over larger areas, such as the Northern Hemisphere, are instead required to lessen the impacts on ecosystems as quantified by the AOT40 metric.
Discrete Flavour Symmetries from the Heisenberg Group
Creators: name: Floratos, E. G.
name: Leontaris, G. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-abelian discrete symmetries are of particular importance in model building. They are mainly invoked to explain the various fermion mass hierarchies and forbid dangerous superpotential terms. In string models they are usually associated to the geometry of the compactification manifold and more particularly to the magnetised branes in toroidal compactifications. Motivated by these facts, in this note we propose a unified framework to construct representations of finite discrete family groups based on the automorphisms of the discrete and finite Heisenberg group. We focus in particular in the $PSL_2(p)$ groups which contain the phenomenologically interesting cases.
description: 16 pages
In the time of Bergson: the influence of the philosophical thoughts of Henri Bergson on the writings and music of Dane Rudhyar
Creators: name: Pelletier, Vanessa Sylvie Amelie
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: This thesis examines the influence of Bergsonian philosophy in the music and musical aesthetics of Dane Rudhyar. While most studies dealing with the music of Rudhyar acknowledge his early interest in the philosophies of Bergson (1859-1941), the extent of their influence on his musical writings and musical style have been largely underrated. Although Rudhyar became highly involved with esoteric thought shortly after his arrival in America in 1916, Bergsonian concepts continued to permeate Rudhyar's aesthetic writings on the mystical power of the arts throughout his life. Concepts discussed in Bergson's book volution cratrice (Creative Evolution; 1907), can be seen at work in Rudhyar's music. When analyzed using the Bergsonian concepts of duration, lan vital, Becoming, and Creative Evolution, Rudhyar's music begins to yield interesting and fascinating results, and particular aspects of his musical style come to the forefront. In addition, a certain metaphysical meaning begins to emerge.
Past, present and future global influence and technological applications of iron-bearing metastable nanominerals
Creators: name: Caraballo, Manuel A.
name: Asta, Maria P.
name: Perez, Jeffrey Paulo H.
name: Hochella Jr., Michael F.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ferrihydrite
subject: Schwertmannite
subject: Green rust
subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Nanogeosciences
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Iron-bearing nanominerals such as ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and green rust behave as metastable precursors leading to the formation of more thermodynamically stable iron mineral phases (e.g., jarosite, goethite, hematite, and magnetite). However, this transformation may last from days to tens or even hundreds of years, making them the most predominant iron-bearing minerals at environmental conditions and at the human time scale. The present review characterizes ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and green rust nanominerals according to their main physical and chemical properties, and at both nano- and meso-scales. It also presents a comprehensive review of the multiple past and present Earth environments where these nanominerals have played, and still play, a pivotal role in the geochemistry, mineralogy and environmental nanogeosciences of these environments. Finally, the present and future technological applications of these nanominerals as well as their role in the generation of a more sustainable human-Earth relationship is discussed, with a special emphasis on their use in new circular economies and green based technologies.
Needs of Volunteer Surgical Faculty in a Climate of Surgical Education Change
Creators: name: Pettitt, Barbara Jean
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Volunteer surgical faculty (VSF), unlike preceptors in primary care, have not been well studied. Despite significant historic contributions to surgery resident training and medical student teaching, little is known about their characteristics or needs. There may not be enough full-time academic surgeons to provide the supervision and opportunities for patient care sufficient to train the number of future surgeons needed. We sought to determine the demographic characteristics of a sample of VSF, including practice patterns, teaching responsibilities, their relationships to the departments they volunteer in, their knowledge of changes in surgical education, including duty hours and the ACGME competencies and their need for faculty development as educators. 1,602 VSF were identified through surgery department chairs and program directors; 566 responded to a survey delivered electronically and via paper copies where necessary. Analysis of closed-ended questions was performed using descriptive statistics; open-ended responses were coded line-by-line and iteratively analyzed to identify themes using constant comparison associated with grounded theory. Demographically, these VSF were similar to the overall demographics of surgeons in the same time period, representing many surgical specialties. Most received no remuneration for teaching; over half characterized support from their university or medical school as “fair”, “poor” or “nonexistent”. Most had received no training in teaching methods. Over half were not familiar with, or had only a general knowledge of, the ACGME competencies. A majority were interested in learning about teaching methods and the competencies. Three themes emerged in analyzing the open-ended comments: 1) Motivations/incentives to teach, including joys and rewards, obligation to give back and benefits to trainees, patients and the community; 2) Disincentives to teach, including duty hours, perceived loss of trainee professionalism and perception that VSF are not valued as highly as academic faculty; and 3) Needs in the area of training and education, and for recognition with remuneration or perquisites. VSF can be a valuable, and enthusiastic, source of supervision and patients for surgical resident training and medical student teaching. The VSF characteristics and needs identified here can serve as a tool in the recruitment, retention and recognition of VSF by departments of surgery.
Comparative Conclusions
Creators: name: Jauslin, Daniel
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: In the first section of this last chapter (7.1.) I will “comparatively” answer the main question related to each case before coming to broader discussion (7.2.) all of which contributes the the main question: In what way do landscape design strategies change how we understand and create architecture? (Q 1.1.1.) At first I differentiate the motives and objectives for landscape strategies in the specific context of each of the three study cases in chapters 4, 5 & 6 to discuss the development of landscape design strategies in architecture: How do architects apply landscape design strategies in architecture? What are their motives and goals to do so and what do they accomplish? (Q. 1.1.3.) In terms of spatial contexts the projects are quite different. In particular, the dense urban situation with a long history dating back centuries in Paris; the implementation in a modern campus in Lausanne; and the placement outside Santiago with historical reference to the early medieval city are three completely different project contexts. In terms of surrounding landscapes, the riverside urban development of Paris; the large plateau above the lake Geneva; and Monte Gaiás across the valley from Santiago pose different landscape relations.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 13 (2019): Landscape Strategies in Architecture
Effects of external ankle support on ankle kinematics and kinetics when performing a drop-cut maneuver
Creators: name: Barr, Thomas B.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: Objective: To compare the effect of clinically used external ankle support (EAS) conditions on ankle kinematics and kinetics between those with stable ankles and those with unstable ankles. Design: A repeated-measures, counter-balanced research design was used to compare a stable group and an unstable group under three conditions of EAS (no support, athletic tape, and athletic brace). Subjects: Twelve subjects with stable ankles and twelve subjects with a history of unstable ankles volunteered to participate. Measurements: Sagittal plane ankle angles at initial contact, frontal plane ankle angles at initial contact, peak vertical ground reaction force, and time to peak vertical ground reaction force were the measured while completing a drop-cut maneuver. A mixed model ANOVA was used for statistical analyses for each dependent variable. Post-hoc testing was done with Tukey's HSD. Results: A significant main effect for EAS was found for sagittal plane ankle angle at initial contact (F2,44=4.278, P=0.020). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the athletic tape condition landed in less plantar flexion than did athletic brace. There was also a significant Ankle Stability x EAS interaction effect (F2,44=3.273, P=0.047). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the unstable-athletic tape condition landed in less plantar flexion than did the unstable-athletic brace condition. There were no other significant main or interaction effects. Conclusions: While athletic tape did limit plantar-flexion better then athletic brace, the use of EAS cannot be supported by the current project as athletic tape and athletic brace did not limit plantar flexion when compared to no support. Unstable ankles did not alter kinematics when compared to stable ankles. EAS use did not have a significant impact on the kinetics of the drop-cut maneuver. Clinicians are encouraged to consult the larger body of research related to ankle instability and EAS when making clinical decisions.
Introduction
Creators: name: Wandl, Alexander
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: This dissertation aims to better understand the phenomenon of dispersed urbanisation across Europe. Although European countries have distinctive historical development patterns, a common phenomenon that occurred since the middle of the last century is that, 'most of Europe has been characterised by spreading of cities and increased population numbers, with people choosing to move out of inner cities to suburban and peri-urban areas (hybrid areas of fragmented urban and rural characteristics); this has resulted in the divide between urban and rural areas becoming increasingly blurred’ (EUROSTAT, 2016). This change has resulted in more than half of the European population to reside outside of densely populated cities.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 02 (2020): Territories -in- between
Combining resource population dynamics into impact assessments of native and invasive species under abiotic change
Creators: name: South, Josie
name: Dickey, James W. E.
name: Cuthbert, Ross N.
name: Dick, Jaimie T. A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecological impacts
subject: Biological invasion
subject: Functional response
subject: Relative impact potential
subject: Risk assessment
subject: Trophic interactions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Predicting future changes in interspecific interactions continues to be a challenge for environmental managers. This uncertainty is exacerbated by increasing biological invasions and the likelihood that the strength of trophic interactions among native species will change. Abiotic variables influence predator resource utilisation and abundance as well as resource population dynamics. Currently no practical metric or impact prediction methodology can adequately account for all of these factors. Functional Response (FR) methods successfully incorporate resource utilisation rates with regards to resource density to quantify consumer-resource interactions under varying abiotic contexts. This approach has been extended to create the Relative Impact Potential (RIP) metric to compare invader vs native impact. However, this does not incorporate resource abundance dynamics, which clearly can also change with abiotic context. We propose a Resource Reproduction Qualifier (RRQ) be incorporated into the RIP metric, whereby RRQ is the reciprocal of the fraction or proportion to which reproduction (e.g. of prey species) changes under an environmental context. This modifies the RIP score to give a more informative RIPq value, which may be contextually increased or decreased. We empirically demonstrate the utility and benefits of including RRQ into impact potential predictions with an invasive species (the lionfish Pterois volitans) and two European native species (shanny fish Lipophyris pholis and lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula) under different abiotic contexts. Despite high FR and abundance, lionfish impacts were reduced by increasing prey recruitment at higher temperatures, however, remained high impact overall. Shanny predatory impact increased with increasing temperature and was exacerbated by decreasing prey fecundity. Two population increase scenarios (50% and 80%) were assessed for lesser spotted dogfish under predicted temperature increases, preying upon E. marinus. Both scenarios indicated heightened predatory impact with increasing predator FR and decreasing prey fecundity. Our new metric demonstrates that accounting for resource reproductive responses to abiotic drivers, in tandem with the consumer per capita and abundance responses, better estimate the magnitudes of predicted inter-species interactions and ecological impacts. This can be used in stock assessments and predictions, as well as invasive species risk assessments in a comprehensive yet user-friendly manner.
The Republic of Fabulachia: Queer Visions for a Post-Coal Appalachian Future
Creators: name: Garringer, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: This thesis explores the ways in which four young white queer Central Appalachian organizers navigate tradition and change in their efforts to envision a just and sustainable post-coal Appalachian future. Based on oral history interviews conducted during the summer of 2016 with Ada Smith, Kenny Bilbrey, Sam Gleaves, and Ivy Brashier, this thesis examines their engagement with and challenges to narrow constructions of Appalachian and mainstream queer constructions of the traditional. It additionally considers their collective vision for an Appalachian Transition in which local communities reclaim decision making power about the fate of their future, and the potential to use this moment of deep economic, environmental, and political uncertainty to boldly demand a future in which LGBTQ+ people, people of color and all mountain people are able to survive and thrive in the places that we love.
The Information Bottleneck: A Unied Information Theoretic and Communications View
Creators: name: Shamai, S.
name: Zaidi, A.
name: Auguerri, G.
name: Caire, C.
name: Simeone, O.
name: Park, S-H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: 2023 Joint DIP & Ollendorff-Minerva Center (OMC) Workshop on Cognitive Cloud Communications Networks:
 March 16-17 2023
A gamma-ray spectroscopy survey of Omani meteorites
Creators: name: Weber, Patrick
name: Hofmann, Beda
name: Tolba, Tamer
name: Vuilleumier, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gamma-ray activities of 33 meteorite samples (30 ordinary chondrites, 1 Mars meteorite, 1 iron, 1 howardite) collected during Omani-Swiss meteorite search campaigns 2001-2008 were nondestructively measured using an ultra-low background gamma-ray detector. The results provide several types of information: Potassium and thorium concentrations were found to range within typical values for the meteorite types. Similar mean 26Al activities in groups of ordinary chondrites with a) weathering degrees W0-1 and low 14C terrestrial age and b) weathering degree W3-4 and high 14C terrestrial age are mostly consistent with activities observed in recent falls. The older group shows no significant depletion in 26Al. Among the least weathered samples one meteorite (SaU 424) was found to contain detectable 22Na identifying it as recent fall close to the year 2000. Based on an estimate of the surface area searched, the corresponding fall rate is ~120 events/106 km2*a, consistent with other estimations. Twelve samples from the large JaH 091 strewn field (total mass ~4.5 t) show significant variations of 26Al activities, including the highest values measured, consistent with a meteoroid radius of ~115 cm. Activities of 238U daughter elements demonstrate terrestrial contamination with 226Ra and possible loss of 222Rn. Recent contamination with small amounts of 137Cs is ubiquitous. We conclude that gamma-ray spectroscopy of a selection of meteorites with low degrees of weathering is particularly useful to detect recent falls among meteorites collected in hot deserts.
"Concert Quest: NC": A Music-Based, Digital Game for the Classroom
Creators: name: Nover, Abigail
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This thesis is a prototype for a music-based educational game that is designed to support the North Carolina state standards for fourth-grade social studies instruction.  It is centered around the state’s music and cultural heritage. My thesis presents a segment of the digital game, the lesson plan and classroom activities that accompany it, as well as my vision for a fully produced game and a plan for its implementation in classrooms across the state. The goal of this project is to create a free, easy to use resource for fourth-grade teachers that facilitates teaching North Carolina’s rich musical traditions and connecting those traditions to the state’s history, geography, and culture in a way that is engaging and entertaining for students.
Access and Enrollment of Immigrants in Primary Care in Ontario: Which Immigrants Are Getting in and Which Are Not?
Creators: name: Batista, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Primary health care
Enrollment in primary care
Access to health care
Immigrants and refugees
Ontario

description: Research in Canada and abroad has shown that newcomers face multiple obstacles in their search for health care during their resettlement and integration to the host society. In Ontario, primary care services are organized in three main models based on the remuneration scheme to physicians: fee for service, capitation, and salaried. During the Primary Care reforms in early 2000s, the province introduced new models of primary care practices to enhance the quality of care through the expansion of comprehensive multidisciplinary care, applying more preventive measures and enhanced chronic disease management strategies. Along with these innovative reforms, the province promoted an enrollment system with a family doctor in the primary care practices. This research examined the access of immigrants to the enrollment system in Ontario. A review of the literature contrasting a PMC and PHC approaches showed that the latter has more potential to address social determinants of health of immigrant populations. Taking into account the organization of health services in the province, immigrants can receive primary care services mainly through PMC practices (FFS and capitation-based), but also through PHC-type of models, such as Community Health Centers. The analysis of enrollment in primary care was conducted using a secondary analysis of administrative data. The main findings have shown that immigrants’ enrollment in primary care services has increased over time, but the levels of enrollment remain lower compared to long-term residents. Moreover, compared to long-term residents, immigrants have less access to the most comprehensive models of care, which represents an important inequity. In exploring the perceptions of immigrants in two major cities of the province, most of the participants perceived that important factors, such as information, knowledge, language barriers, cultural issues; are affecting their capacity to understand and navigate the system. Hence, it takes a long time for them to make sense and learn how to connect and use the system.
Landscape Design Strategies
Creators: name: Jauslin, Daniel
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: In the second chapter we will set the thematic context more specifically and explore the terms of landscape and its design strategies as I will use them throughout this study. The whole chapter focuses on the exploration of the idea of landscape around the question: What landscape strategies are applicable in architectural design? (Q. 1.1.2) I refer to landscape from a number of selected standpoints and discuss the concepts of landscape space. There I encounter crucial ideas about the human experience of landscape that are generally applicable to understanding space (2.1.). This will lead to a specific and concise definition of the discipline of landscape architecture through its approach to landscape itself (2.2.). Of many strategies of landscape design, this thesis relies on a comprehensive definition of landscape architecture "attitudes" by Sebastien Marot (1999). I illustrate each of Marot's four attitudes of landscape design with specific examples and distribute key concepts to landscape (2.3.1. to .4.). To explain the application of landscape strategies, I also place the four attitudes of landscape in the theoretical context of architecture in each section and briefly summarise them in the last subchapter 2.3.4. The introduction of landscape attitudes in this chapter is different and more accurate than the idea of nature in architecture that I will discuss in the chapter three.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 13 (2019): Landscape Strategies in Architecture