cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Configuration spaces of labeled points on a circle with two anchors
Creators: name: Kozlov, Dmitry N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we calculate the homology of configuration spaces of $n$ points on a circle, subject to the condition that two pre-determined points are included in the configuration. We make use of discrete Morse theory both to determine the Betti numbers, as well as to provide an explicit combinatorial description of the bases both for homology and cohomology.
Basalys semele Nixon 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Basalys
Basalys semele

description: Basalys semele Nixon, 1980: 27.
Valid name
Basalys semele Nixon, 1980.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.820, by original designation.
Primary type data
White Downs, near/ Dorking Surrey / England / lg. Bouček 29.8.1970; Basalys / semele Nixon / type ♀, 197.
Type locality
England, Surrey, White Downs near Dorking.
Remarks
The type is mounted on a card and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 97-98, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Did the Crab Pulsar Undergo a Small Glitch in 2006 late March/early April?
Creators: name: Vivekanand, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 2006 August 23 the Crab Pulsar underwent a glitch, that was reported by the Jodrell Bank and the Xinjiang radio observatories. Neither data are available to the public. However, the Jodrell group publishes monthly arrival times of the Crab Pulsar pulse (their actual observations are done daily), using which it is shown that about five months earlier, the Crab Pulsar most probably underwent a small glitch, which has not been reported before. Neither observatory discusses the detailed analysis of data from 2006 March to August; either they may not have detected this small glitch, or may have attributed it to timing noise in the Crab Pulsar. The above result is verified using X-ray data from the RXTE observatory. If this is indeed true, this may probably be the smallest glitch observed in the Crab Pulsar so far, whose implications are discussed. This work addresses the confusion possible between small magnitude glitches and timing noise in pulsars.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Self-organization of active colloids mediated by chemical interactions
Creators: name: Peng, Zhiwei
name: Kapral, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-propelled colloidal particles exhibit rich non-equilibrium phenomena and have promising applications in fields such as drug delivery and self-assembled active materials. Previous experimental and theoretical studies have shown that chemically active colloids that consume or produce a chemical can self-organize into clusters with diverse characteristics depending on the effective phoretic interactions. In this paper, we investigate self-organization in systems with multiple chemical species that undergo a network of reactions and multiple colloidal species that participate in different reactions. Active colloids propelled by complex chemical reactions with potentially nonlinear kinetics can be realized using enzymatic reactions that occur on the surface of enzyme-coated particles. To demonstrate how the self-organizing behavior depends on the chemical reactions active colloids catalyze and their chemical environment, we consider first a single type of colloid undergoing a simple catalytic reaction, and compare this often-studied case with self-organization in binary mixtures of colloids with sequential reactions, and binary mixtures with nonlinear autocatalytic reactions. Our results show that in general active colloids at low particle densities can form localized clusters in the presence of bulk chemical reactions and phoretic attractions. The characteristics of the clusters, however, depend on the reaction kinetics in the bulk and on the particles and phoretic coefficients. With one or two chemical species that only undergo surface reactions, the space for possible self-organizations are limited. By considering the additional system parameters that enter the chemical reaction network involving reactions on the colloids and in the fluid, the design space of colloidal self-organization can be enlarged, leading to a variety of non-equilibrium structures.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Inferring Morphology and Strength of Magnetic Fields From Proton Radiographs
Creators: name: Graziani, Carlo
name: Tzeferacos, Petros
name: Lamb, Donald Q.
name: Li, Chikang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proton radiography is an important diagnostic method for laser plasma experiments, and is particularly important in the analysis of magnetized plasmas. The theory of radiographic image analysis has heretofore only permitted somewhat limited analysis of the radiographs of such plasmas. We furnish here a theory that remedies this deficiency. We show that to linear order in magnetic field gradients, proton radiographs are projection images of the MHD current along the proton trajectories. We demonstrate that in the linear approximation, the full structure of the perpedicular magnetic field can be reconstructed by solving a steady-state inhomogeneous 2-dimensional diffusion equation sourced by the radiograph fluence contrast data. We explore limitations of the inversion method due to Poisson noise, to discretization errors, to radiograph edge effects, and to obstruction by laser target structures. We also provide a separate analysis that is well-suited to the inference of isotropic-homogeneous magnetic turbulence spectra. We discuss extension of these results to the nonlinear contrast regime.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to Physics of Plasmas
The dynamic centres of infrared-dark clouds and the formation of cores
Creators: name: Rigby, Andrew J.
name: Peretto, Nicolas
name: Anderson, Michael
name: Ragan, Sarah E.
name: Priestley, Felix D.
name: Fuller, Gary A.
name: Thompson, Mark A.
name: Traficante, Alessio
name: Watkins, Elizabeth J.
name: Williams, Gwenllian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-mass stars have an enormous influence on the evolution of the interstellar medium in galaxies, so it is important that we understand how they form. We examine the central clumps within a sample of seven infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) with a range of masses and morphologies. We use 1 pc-scale observations from NOEMA and the IRAM 30-m telescope to trace dense cores with 2.8 mm continuum, and gas kinematics in C$^{18}$O, HCO$^+$, HNC, and N$_2$H$^+$ ($J$=1$-$0). We supplement our continuum sample with six IRDCs observed at 2.9 mm with ALMA, and examine the relationships between core- and clump-scale properties. We have developed a fully-automated multiple-velocity component hyperfine line-fitting code called mwydyn which we employ to trace the dense gas kinematics in N$_2$H$^+$ (1$-$0), revealing highly complex and dynamic clump interiors. We find that parsec-scale clump mass is the most important factor driving the evolution; more massive clumps are able to concentrate more mass into their most massive cores - with a log-normally distributed efficiency of around 9% - in addition to containing the most dynamic gas. Distributions of linewidths within the most massive cores are similar to the ambient gas, suggesting that they are not dynamically decoupled, but are similarly chaotic. A number of studies have previously suggested that clumps are globally collapsing; in such a scenario, the observed kinematics of clump centres would be the direct result of gravity-driven mass inflows that become ever more complex as the clumps evolve, which in turn leads to the chaotic mass growth of their core populations.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Interactions of the Infrared bubble N4 with the surroundings
Creators: name: Liu, Hong-Li
name: Li, Jin-Zeng
name: Wu, Yuefang
name: Yuan, Jing-Hua
name: Liu, Tie
name: Dubner, G.
name: Paron, S.
name: Ortega, M. E.
name: Molinari, Sergio
name: Huang, Maohai
name: Zavagno, Annie
name: Samal, Manash R.
name: Huang, Ya-Fang
name: Zhang, Si-Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical mechanisms that induce the transformation of a certain mass of gas in new stars are far from being well understood. Infrared bubbles associated with HII regions have been considered to be good samples of investigating triggered star formation. In this paper we report on the investigation of the dust properties of the infrared bubble N4 around the HII region G11.898+0.747, analyzing its interaction with its surroundings and star formation histories therein, with the aim of determining the possibility of star formation triggered by the expansion of the bubble. Using Herschel PACS and SPIRE images with a wide wavelength coverage, we reveal the dust properties over the entire bubble. Meanwhile, we are able to identify six dust clumps surrounding the bubble, with a mean size of 0.50 pc, temperature of about 22 K, mean column density of 1.7 $\times10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$, mean volume density of about 4.4 $\times10^{4}$ cm$^{-3}$, and a mean mass of 320 $M_{\odot}$. In addition, from PAH emission seen at 8 $μ$m, free-free emission detected at 20 cm and a probability density function in special regions, we could identify clear signatures of the influence of the HII region on the surroundings. There are hints of star formation, though further investigation is required to demonstrate that N4 is the triggering source.
description: Accepted by ApJ (16 pages, 11 figures, 9 tables)
Dynamic X-ray imaging of mice in vivo to investigate lung function and structure in ventilator-induced lung injury
Creators: name: MELISSA HELENE PREISSNER
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biological Engineering

description: When the lungs begin to fail, mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention. However, mechanical ventilation can also damage the delicate structures in the lung, known as ventilator-induced lung injury. The risk increases substantially when the lungs are in a pathological state, such as with acute respiratory distress syndrome, where hospital mortality remains unacceptably high. In this PhD thesis, a recent development in laboratory-based, dynamic X-ray CT imaging, combined with customised image analysis, is used to investigate changes to the delicate structures in the mechanically-ventilated mouse lung, in order to better understand ventilator-induced lung injury.
Network planning and operation strategies design for one-way carsharing systems
Creators: name: KAI HUANG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120506 Transport Planning
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography

description: One-way carsharing is an emerging travel mode that allows users to return the vehicle to any designated spot. This thesis focuses on the challenges caused by the one-way carsharing systems in both the strategic planning and operational decisions. A series of mathematical models and solution algorithms are established to optimize the station location, station capacity, fleet size, price, recharging of electric vehicles, vehicle relocation and personnel movement. Finally, several illustrative large-scale case examples are constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.
Analysis of Scattering Properties of Nanohybrids with Non-Spherical Nanoresonators and Coupled Quantum Emitters
Creators: name: VIRAJ RANGANA SENEVIRATHNE KULATHUNGE MUDIYANSELAGE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 100711 Nanophotonics
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Computational Physics
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When a nanoresonator and a quantum emitter are brought closer to each other, they behave as a single composite system, which is known as a nanohybrid. Due to superior and tunable scattering properties, nanohybrids hold great promise as next generation biosensors in extremely accurate imaging and sensing applications. For nanohybrid based sensors to become mainstream, it is critical to find improved nanohybrid systems with enhanced and tunable scattering properties. This thesis intends to model and analyse the scattering properties of novel nanohybrid systems with non-spherical nanoresonators and discuss their potential applications in biosensing applications.
Far beyond the Sun: II. Probing the stellar magnetism of the young Sun ι Horologii from the photosphere to its corona
Creators: name: Amazo-Gómez, E. M.
name: Alvarado-Gómez, J. D.
name: Poppenhaeger, K.
name: Hussain, G. A. J.
name: Wood, B. E.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Nascimento, J. -D. do
name: Anthony, F.
name: Sanz-Forcada, J.
name: Stelzer, B.
name: Donati, J. F.
name: Del Sordo, F.
name: Damasso, M.
name: Redfield, S.
name: König, P. C.
name: Hébrard, G.
name: Miles-Páez, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive multi-wavelength campaign has been carried out to probe stellar activity and variability in the young Sun-like star $ι$-Horologii. We present the results from long-term spectropolarimetric monitoring of the system by using the ultra-stable spectropolarimeter/velocimeter HARPS at the ESO 3.6-m telescope. Additionally, we included high-precision photometry from the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and observations in the far- and near-ultraviolet spectral regions using the STIS instrument on the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The high-quality dataset allows a robust characterisation of the star's rotation period, as well as a probe of the variability using a range of spectroscopic and photometric activity proxies. By analyzing the gradient of the power spectra (GPS) of the TESS lightcurves we constrained the faculae-to-spot driver ratio ($\rm S_{fac}/S_{spot}$) to 0.510$\pm$0.023, which indicates that the stellar surface is spot dominated during the time of the observations. We compared the photospheric activity properties derived from the GPS method with a magnetic field map of the star derived using Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) from simultaneous spectropolarimetric data for the first time. Different stellar activity proxies enable a more complete interpretation of the observed variability. For example, we observed enhanced emission in the HST transition line diagnostics C IV and C III, suggesting a flaring event. From the analysis of TESS data acquired simultaneously with the HST data, we investigate the photometric variability at the precise moment that the emission increased and derive correlations between different observables, probing the star from its photosphere to its corona.
The Effect of Hydrogen and Mean Stress on Variable Amplitude Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminium
Creators: name: PAUL DOUGLAS WHITE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Mean stress and hydrogen accelerate the rate at which fatigue cracks grow. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to better predictions of the safe life of aircraft. Experiments here show that the normal explanation of the mean stress effect was incorrect. Atomic simulations demonstrate that the mechanisms involved change with different levels of mean stress. Hydrogen increases the rate of crack growth at high mean stress and reduces the rate of growth at lower mean stress because of the different mechanisms operating.
On the Internal Structure of Relativistic Jets with Zero Velocity Along the Axis
Creators: name: Beskin, V. S.
name: Kniazev, F. A.
name: Chatterjee, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work is devoted to the analysis of the internal structure of relativistic jets under the condition that the velocity of the plasma flow at the jet axis vanishes. It is shown that in spite of the seemingly fundamental difference in the formulation of the problem at the axis, the key properties of the internal structure of such relativistic jets remain the same as for nonzero velocity along the axis. In both cases, at a sufficiently low ambient pressure, a dense core appears near the axis, the radius of which is close to the size of the light cylinder.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
The method of uniqueness and the optical conductivity of graphene: new application of a powerful technique for multi-loop calculations
Creators: name: Teber, S.
name: Kotikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the method of uniqueness which is a powerful technique for multi-loop calculations in higher dimensional theories with conformal symmetry. We use the method in momentum space and show that it allows a very transparent evaluation of a two-loop massless propagator Feynman diagram with a non-integer index on the central line. The result is applied to the computation of the optical conductivity of graphene at the infra-red Lorentz invariant fixed point. The effect of counter-terms is analysed. A brief comparison with the non-relativistic case is included.
description: Prepared for the Vth International Conference "Models in Quantum Field Theory" dedicated to Prof. Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vasiliev. LaTeX file with feynMF package. 15 pages, 4 figures (v2) Minor modifications (some per referee's comments)
Magnetically controlled quantum thermal devices via three nearest-neighbor coupled spin-1/2 systems
Creators: name: Yang, Yi-jia
name: Liu, Yu-qiang
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Yu, Chang-shui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum thermal device based on three nearest-neighbor coupled spin-1/2 systems controlled by the magnetic field is proposed. We systematically study the steady-state thermal behaviors of the system. When the two terminals of our system are in contact with two thermal reservoirs, respectively, the system behaves as a perfect thermal modulator that can manipulate heat current from zero to specific values by adjusting magnetic field direction over different parameter ranges, since the longitudinal magnetic field can completely block the heat transport. Significantly, the modulator can also be achieved when a third thermal reservoir perturbs the middle spin. We also find that the transverse field can induce the system to separate into two subspaces in which neither steady-state heat current vanishes, thus providing an extra level of control over the heat current through the manipulation of the initial state. In addition, the performance of this device as a transistor can be enhanced by controlling the magnetic field, achieving versatile amplification behaviors, in particular substantial amplification factors.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Ageing and Quenching through the ageing diagram II: physical characterization of galaxies
Creators: name: Corcho-Caballero, Pablo
name: Ascasibar, Yago
name: Cortese, Luca
name: Sánchez, Sebastián F.
name: López-Sánchez, Ángel
name: Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia
name: Zafar, Tayyaba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between quenching mechanisms, which rapidly turn star-forming systems into quiescent, and the properties of the galaxy population remains difficult to discern. In this work we investigate the physical properties of MaNGA and SAMI galaxies at different stages of their star formation history. Specifically, we compare galaxies with signatures of recent quenching (Quenched) -- $\rm H(α)$ in absorption and low $D_n(4000)$ -- with the rest of the low star-forming and active population (Retired and Ageing, respectively). The analysis is performed in terms of characteristics such as the total stellar mass, half-light radius, velocity-to-dispersion ratio, metallicity, and environment. We find that the Ageing population comprises a heterogeneous mixture of galaxies, preferentially late-type systems, with diverse physical properties. Retired galaxies, formerly Ageing or Quenched systems, are dominated by early-type high-mass galaxies found both at low and dense environments. Most importantly, we find that recently quenched galaxies are consistent with a population of compact low-mass satellite systems, with higher metallicities than their Ageing analogues. We argue that this is compatible with being quenched after undergoing a star-burst phase induced by environmental processes (e.g. ram pressure). However, we also detect a non-negligible fraction of field central galaxies likely quenched by internal processes. This study highlights that, in order to constrain the mechanisms driving galaxy evolution, it is crucial to distinguish between old (Retired) and recently quenched galaxies, thus requiring at least two estimates of the specific star formation rate over different timescales.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Optical hyperdimensional soft sensing: Speckle-based touch interface and tactile sensor
Creators: name: Kitagawa, Kei
name: Tsuji, Kohei
name: Sagehashi, Koyo
name: Niiyama, Tomoaki
name: Sunada, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging computing paradigm that exploits the distributed representation of input data in a hyperdimensional space, the dimensions of which are typically between 1,000--10,000. The hyperdimensional distributed representation enables energy-efficient, low-latency, and noise-robust computations with low-precision and basic arithmetic operations. In this study, we propose optical hyperdimensional distributed representations based on laser speckles for adaptive, efficient, and low-latency optical sensor processing. In the proposed approach, sensory information is optically mapped into a hyperdimensional space with >250,000 dimensions, enabling HDC-based cognitive processing. We use this approach for the processing of a soft-touch interface and a tactile sensor and demonstrate to achieve high accuracy of touch or tactile recognition while significantly reducing training data amount and computational burdens, compared with previous machine-learning-based sensing approaches. Furthermore, we show that this approach enables adaptive recalibration to keep high accuracy even under different conditions.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Revealing the nature of magnetic phases in the semi-Heusler alloy Cu0.85Ni0.15MnSb
Creators: name: Halder, Madhumita
name: Suresh, K. G.
name: Mukadam, M. D.
name: Yusuf, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the magnetic, magnetocaloric, and magnetotransport properties of the semi-Heusler alloy Cu0.85Ni0.15MnSb, which exhibits coexistence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) phases. A broad magnetic phase transition is evident from the temperature variations of magnetization, heat capacity, and isothermal magnetic entropy change. This is due to the presence of both AFM and FM phases at low temperatures. The variation of electrical resistivity with temperature shows three distinct regions of magnetic phases. The magnetoresistance (MR) results also show the presence of AFM and FM phases at temperatures below 45 K, and a FM phase at temperature above 45K. Though there is no signature of a spin-glass state at low temperatures, various results point towards the presence of short-range magnetic correlations at low temperatures.
description: 8 figures
A new pulsar candidate in 47 Tucanae discovered with MeerKAT imaging
Creators: name: Heywood, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MeerKAT imaging of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (47 Tuc) reveals 1.28 GHz continuum emission at the locations of 20 known millisecond pulsars (MSPs). We use time series and spectral imaging to investigate the image-domain characteristics of the MSPs, and search for previously unknown sources of interest. The MSPs exhibit a range of differences in their temporal and spectral properties compared the general background radio source population. Temporal variability differs strongly from pulsar to pulsar, some appearing to vary randomly on 15 min timescales, others varying coherently by factors of >10 on timescales of hours. The error in the typical power law fit to the spectrum emerges as a powerful parameter for indentifying the MSPs. This behaviour is likely due to differing diffractive scintillation conditions along the sight lines to the MSPs. One MSP exhibits tentative periodic variations that are consistent with modulation due the orbit of an eclipsing binary system. One radio source has spectro-temporal properites closely resembling those of the MSP population in the cluster, and we report its position as a candidate new MSP, or alternatively an interferometric localisation of one of six MSPs which do not yet have an accurate position from the timing solutions.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
PSR J0026-1955: A curious case of evolutionary subpulse drifting and nulling
Creators: name: Janagal, Parul
name: McSweeney, Samuel J.
name: Chakraborty, Manoneeta
name: Bhat, N. D. Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J0026-1955 was independently discovered by the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) recently. The pulsar exhibits subpulse drifting, where the radio emission from a pulsar appears to drift in spin phase within the main pulse profile, and nulling, where the emission ceases briefly. The pulsar showcases a curious case of drift rate evolution as it exhibits rapid changes between the drift modes and a gradual evolution in the drift rate within a mode. Here we report new analysis and results from observations of J0026-1955 made with the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at 300-500 MHz. We identify two distinct subpulse drifting modes: A and B, with mode A sub-categorised into A0, A1, and A2, depending upon the drift rate evolutionary behaviour. Additionally, the pulsar exhibits short and long nulls, with an estimated overall nulling fraction of ~58%, which is lower than the previously reported value. Our results also provide evidence of subpulse memory across nulls and a consistent behaviour where mode A2 is often followed by a null. We investigate the drift rate modulations of J0026-1955 and put forward two different models to explain the observed drifting behaviour. We suggest that either a change in polar gap screening or a slow relaxation in the spark configuration could possibly drive the evolution in drift rates. J0026-1955 belongs to a rare subset of pulsars which exhibit subpulse drifting, nulling, mode changing, and drift rate evolution. It is, therefore, an ideal test bed for carousel models and to uncover the intricacies of pulsar emission physics.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Impact of the molecular resonances on the 12C+12C fusion reaction rate
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Yasutaka
name: Kimura, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the low-energy 12C+12C molecular resonances, which potentially enhance the fusion reaction rate at low temperatures, have been investigated by a full-microscopic nuclear model employing various nuclear energy density functionals. We show that some density functionals plausibly describe the observed high-spin 12C+12C molecular resonances and predict many 0+ and 2+ resonances at low energies, which enhance the reaction rate. We also discuss how the uncertainty in the nuclear energy density functionals propagates to that of the reaction rate.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Basalys insignificans Nixon 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Basalys
Basalys insignificans

description: Basalys insignificans Nixon, 1980: 28.
Valid name
Basalys insignificans Nixon, 1980.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.821, by original designation. Paratype ♀.
Primary type data
Wales: Glamorgan/ Pontypridd/ 25.v.1975; grassland/ J.S.Noyes/ B.M.1975-265; Basalys / insignificans/ Nixon/ type ♀, 197.
Type locality
Wales, Glamorgan, Pontypridd.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card point and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 98, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Theory for the MUonE experiment
Creators: name: Gurgone, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MUonE experiment aims at providing a new independent evaluation of the leading hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The proposed method is based on the measurement of the running of the QED coupling in the space-like momentum region, through the elastic scattering of high-energy muons on atomic electrons. In this proceeding, the status of the theoretical effort for the MUonE experiment is reviewed. In order to achieve a competitive determination, the differential cross section of muon-electron scattering must be computed with an unprecedented precision of 10 ppm, which requires at least next-to-next-leading order corrections and the resummation of large logarithms. In addition, the simulation of the experiment needs an exhaustive theoretical description of the possible background processes, such as the lepton pair production in muon-nucleus scattering. All these processes must be implemented in a fully exclusive Monte Carlo event generator in order to be used in the MUonE data analysis.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, contribution to EPS-HEP2023
Anisotropy, phonon modes, and free charge carrier parameters in monoclinic $β$-gallium oxide single crystals
Creators: name: Schubert, M.
name: Korlacki, R.
name: Knight, S.
name: Hofmann, T.
name: Schöche, S.
name: Darakchieva, V.
name: Janzén, E.
name: Monemar, B.
name: Gogova, D.
name: Thieu, Q. -T.
name: Togashi, R.
name: Murakami, H.
name: Kumagai, Y.
name: Goto, K.
name: Kuramata, A.
name: Yamakoshi, S.
name: Higashiwaki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a dielectric function tensor model approach to render the optical response of monoclinic and triclinic symmetry materials with multiple uncoupled infrared and farinfrared active modes. We apply our model approach to monoclinic $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ single crystal samples. Surfaces cut under different angles from a bulk crystal, (010) and ($\bar{2}$01), are investigated by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry within infrared and farinfrared spectral regions. We determine the frequency dependence of 4 independent $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ Cartesian dielectric function tensor elements by matching large sets of experimental data using a point by point data inversion approach. From matching our monoclinic model to the obtained 4 dielectric function tensor components, we determine all infared and farinfrared active transverse optic phonon modes with $A_u$ and $B_u$ symmetry, and their eigenvectors within the monoclinic lattice. We find excellent agreement between our model results and results of density functional theory calculations. We derive and discuss the frequencies of longitudinal optical phonons in $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$. We derive and report density and anisotropic mobility parameters of the free charge carriers within the tin doped crystals. We discuss the occurrence of longitudinal phonon plasmon coupled modes in $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ and provide their frequencies and eigenvectors. We also discuss and present monoclinic dielectric constants for static electric fields and frequencies above the reststrahlen range, and we provide a generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for monoclinic lattices with infrared and farinfrared active modes. We find that the generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation is fulfilled excellently for $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 105 references; Presented at IWGO 2015 Nov. 4th, Kyoto, Japan
Plant2Food: Precompetitive Challenges - Case examples & Advice for future project applicants
Creators: name: Plant2Food
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Plant2Food
Pre-competitive
Precompetitive Challenges
Case examples
Advice
Open Innovation in Science
Sustainable
Plant-based food system
Funding

description: The Plant2Food platform supports collaborative precompetitive research projects between academia and industry stakeholders within the plant-based value chain (only not-for profit organizations can apply or funding). All outcomes and results from the research projects must be shared openly and without the protection by intellectual property rights, e.g. patens.

Based on discussions between the main applicants and university business developers that took place during the first Plant2Food call round, the Plant2Food business developers have prepared five case examples that highlight precompetitive aspects to be considered when defining precompetitive research ideas.

Generally, precompetitive research projects focus on:

Generic problems that are relevant to many companies or an entire industry at the same time

The results of the open projects are not new products/services – but rather a generic knowledge foundation that can easily be used by companies for downstream innovation.

Data and results can be shared with the public without compromising the companies’ ability to adapt the open results for specific, commercial (and protectable) applications.

The business developers are from the four partner universities in Plant2Food: Aarhus University, The University of Copenhagen, Technical University of Denmark and Wageningen University & Research. The Plant2Food platform is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation and ends 2027.
title: Метод регуляризации Тихонова для решения обратной задачи в математической модели кинетики процесса нефтепереработки
title: Tikhonov’s Regularization Method for Solving the Inverse Problem in a Mathematical Model of the Kinetics of Oil Refining Process
Creators: name:  Лэ, Ван Хуен
name: Фирсов, Андрей Николаевич
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2022

description: Представлено решение обратной задачи приближенного определения констант
скорости реакций по заданным концентрациям исходного вещества и продуктов в рамках математической модели кинетики процесса нефтепереработки с использованием методов конечных разностей, интерполировании данных (кубического сплайна) и метода регуляризации Тихонова. Найдены приблизительные константы скорости реакций, которые являются единственными и непрерывно зависят от
исходных данных, а также необходимы для прогнозирования концентрации исходного вещества
и продуктов в любой момент времени и определения показателей в реакциях процесса нефтепереработки – энергии активации, температуры и других внешних условий.
description: The study presents a solution to the inverse problem of approximate constants determination
of response rate according to the given concentrations of initial substance and products in the framework of
mathematical model of kinetics of oil refining process. In the course of the study, the finite difference method,
the data interpolation method (the cubic spline), and the Tikhonov regularization method were used. Response
rate approximate constants are identified. They are unique and depend on the initial data. Response rate approximate constants aid in forecasting concentrations of the initial substance and products at any moment and
determining indicators in oil refining process reactions, such as energy activation, temperature, and other external conditions.
Multi-Height Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves at Solar Disk Center
Creators: name: Vesa, Oana
name: Jackiewicz, Jason
name: Reardon, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) are low-frequency, buoyancy-driven waves that are generated by turbulent convection and propagate obliquely throughout the solar atmosphere. Their proposed energy contribution to the lower solar atmosphere and sensitivity to atmospheric parameters (e.g. magnetic fields and radiative damping) highlight their diagnostic potential. We investigate AGWs near a quiet Sun disk center region using multi-wavelength data from the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer (IBIS) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). These observations showcase the complex wave behavior present in the entire acoustic-gravity wave spectrum. Using Fourier spectral analysis and local helioseismology techniques on simultaneously observed line core Doppler velocity and intensity fluctuations, we study both the vertical and horizontal properties of AGWs.Propagating AGWs with perpendicular group and phase velocities are detected at the expected temporal and spatial scales throughout the lower solar atmosphere. We also find previously unobserved, varied phase difference distributions among our velocity and intensity diagnostic combinations. Time-distance analysis indicates that AGWs travel with an average group speed of 4.5 kms$^{-1}$, which is only partially described by a simple simulation suggesting that high-frequency AGWs dominate the signal. Analysis of the median magnetic field (4.2 G) suggests that propagating AGWs are not significantly affected by quiet Sun photospheric magnetic fields. Our results illustrate the importance of multi-height observations and the necessity of future work to properly characterize this observed behavior.
Computational Modelling of 4D Flow MRI Data
Creators: name: ABDUL MATEEN QADRI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91501 Computational Fluid Dynamics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: In this thesis, time-resolved cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data is processed with the aim of developing novel markers of cardiac disease. In the first approach, the amount of time “virtual” particles take to transit the left ventricle is used as a basis for comparison, and seen to agree well, with current diagnostic measures, such as the fraction of blood expelled in each heartbeat. In the second approach, a computational 3D model is developed that allows the blood flow within the chamber to be visualised in greater detail.
Quantum Plasmonic Analysis of Spasers
Creators: name: LAKSHITHA CHATHURANGA KUMARAPPERUMA ARACHCHIGE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 100711 Nanophotonics
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: 20504 Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20604 Quantum Optics

description: Emerging area of nano-plasmonics can overcome the limit of diffraction in photonics, achieving nano-scale optical energy confinement. Spaser (nano-scale laser) is the device which serves this purpose by generating, amplifying and sustaining localized surface plasmons. However, the output power of the device is inefficient, and it has other drawbacks such as high thresholds and less tunability. We explore the possibility of using a 3-level model to address these challenges while generating significant physical insights for design optimization. These contributions are vital for practically realizing spasers for a plethora of applications such as quantum computing, nanomedicine and nano-imaging.
Controversies in the foundations of analysis: Comments on Schubring's Conflicts
Creators: name: Blaszczyk, Piotr
name: Kanovei, Vladimir
name: Katz, Mikhail
name: Sherry, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 01A55, 26E35

description: Foundations of Science recently published a rebuttal to a portion of our essay it published two years ago. The author, G. Schubring, argues that our 2013 text treated unfairly his 2005 book, Conflicts between generalization, rigor, and intuition. He further argues that our attempt to show that Cauchy is part of a long infinitesimalist tradition confuses text with context and thereby misunderstands the significance of Cauchy's use of infinitesimals. Here we defend our original analysis of variousmisconceptions and misinterpretations concerning the history of infinitesimals and, in particular, the role of infinitesimals in Cauchy's mathematics. We show that Schubring misinterprets Proclus, Leibniz, and Klein on non-Archimedean issues, ignores the Jesuit context of Moigno's flawed critique of infinitesimals, and misrepresents, to the point of caricature, the pioneering Cauchy scholarship of D. Laugwitz. Keywords: Archimedean axiom, Cauchy, Felix Klein, hornangle, infinitesimal, Leibniz, ontology, procedure
description: 24 pages, Foundations of Science, 2015
Detailed equilibrium and dynamical tides: impact on circularization and synchronization in open clusters
Creators: name: Mirouh, Giovanni M.
name: Hendriks, David D.
name: Dykes, Sophie
name: Moe, Maxwell
name: Izzard, Robert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary stars evolve into chemically-peculiar objects and are a major driver of the Galactic enrichment of heavy elements. During their evolution they undergo interactions, including tides, that circularize orbits and synchronize stellar spins, impacting both individual systems and stellar populations. Using Zahn's tidal theory and MESA main-sequence model grids, we derive the governing parameters $λ_{lm}$ and $E_2$, and implement them in the new MINT library of the stellar population code BINARY_C. Our MINT equilibrium tides are 2 to 5 times more efficient than the ubiquitous BSE prescriptions while the radiative-tide efficiency drops sharply with increasing age. We also implement precise initial distributions based on bias-corrected observations. We assess the impact of tides and initial orbital-parameter distributions on circularization and synchronization in eight open clusters, comparing synthetic populations and observations through a bootstrapping method. We find that changing the tidal prescription yields no statistically-significant improvement as both calculations typically lie within 0.5$σ$. The initial distribution, especially the primordial concentration of systems at $\log_{10}(P/{\rm d}) \approx 0.8, e\approx 0.05$ dominates the statistics even when artificially increasing tidal strength. This confirms the inefficiency of tides on the main sequence and shows that constraining tidal-efficiency parameters using the $e-\log_{10}(P/{\rm d})$ distribution alone is difficult or impossible. Orbital synchronization carries a more striking age-dependent signature of tidal interactions. In M35 we find twice as many synchronized rotators in our MINT calculation as with BSE. This measure of tidal efficiency is verifiable with combined measurements of orbital parameters and stellar spins.
description: 24 pages, 29 figures includings appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Electron Spin, Chromophores, and Magnetic Fields: Unveiling the Secrets of Quantum Biology
Creators: name: Thornton, Kaylin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510202
subject: Lasers and quantum electronics
classificationCode: 340704
subject: Theoretical quantum chemistry
classificationCode: 510805
subject: Quantum technologies
classificationCode: 310114
subject: Systems biology
classificationCode: 349999
subject: Other chemical sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 510804
subject: Quantum optics and quantum optomechanics
classificationCode: 490102
subject: Biological mathematics
classificationCode: 490299
subject: Mathematical physics not elsewhere classified

description: Explore the intersection of quantum physics and biology in this article. Quantum properties of electron spins within biological molecules using advanced spectroscopic techniques such as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Spin Resonance Spectroscopy. Uncover the pivotal role of chromophores, influenced by electron spin interactions, in the study of biological systems. The article navigates through the intricate interplay of magnetic fields, electron spins, and chromophores, offering insights into applications ranging from magneto-optical materials to spintronics. Embark on a journey to unravel the secrets of quantum biology at the cellular and molecular levels.