cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
"Altes Zeug von mir". Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs kompositorisches Schaffen vor 1740
Creators: name: Leisinger, Ulrich
name: Wollny, Peter
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Vor dem Hintergrund Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs weitreichender Praxis, eigene Werke zu späteren Zeiten zu überarbeiten, untersucht der Artikel die unterschiedlichen Fassungen und Entwicklungsstadien früher Werke des Komponisten. Dabei werden gattungsweise Quellen ausgewertet, Fassungen anhand zahlreicher Notenbeispiele verglichen und ausgewertet. Dabei werden grundlegende Entwicklungslinien des Schaffens Bachs nachgezeichnet.
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 79 (1993)
Automating the Analysis of Institutional Design in International Agreements
Creators: name: Wróblewska, Anna
name: Pieliński, Bartosz
name: Seweryn, Karolina
name: Sysko-Romańczuk, Sylwia
name: Saputa, Karol
name: Wichrowska, Aleksandra
name: Schreiber, Hanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper explores the automatic knowledge extraction of formal institutional design - norms, rules, and actors - from international agreements. The focus was to analyze the relationship between the visibility and centrality of actors in the formal institutional design in regulating critical aspects of cultural heritage relations. The developed tool utilizes techniques such as collecting legal documents, annotating them with Institutional Grammar, and using graph analysis to explore the formal institutional design. The system was tested against the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted to ICCS 2023. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2209.00944
Wo lernte Johann Sebastian Bach die Schriften Heinrich Müllers kennen?
Creators: name: Simpfendörfer, Gottfried
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Viele Kantatentexte, die Bach vertonte, sind von den Bibelauslegungen des Rostocker Theologen Heinrich Müller geprägt. Bach besaß einige von ihnen selbst. Es ist unwahrscheinlich, daß Bach diese schon in der Schulzeit kennengelernt hat. Zwischen Rostock und Lübeck bestanden aber enge Verbindungen. Dietrich Buxtehude kannte die Schriften Müllers. Darum liegt die Vermutung nahe, daß Bach bei Buxtehude Müllers Bibelauslegungen kennenlernte. (Autor, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 79 (1993)
Enhancing the geometric quantum discord in the Heisenberg {\it XX} chain by Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Gong, Jia-Min
name: Tang, Qi
name: Sun, Yu-Hang
name: Qiao, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the trance distance, the Hellinger distance, and the Bures distance geometric quantum discords (GQDs) for a two-spin Heisenberg {\it XX} chain with the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction and the external magnetic fields. We found that considerable enhancement of the GQDs can be achieved by introducing the DM interaction, and their maxima were obtained in the limiting case $D\rightarrow \infty$. The external magnetic fields and the increase of the temperature can also enhance the GQDs to some extent for certain special cases.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Altered Trophoblast Proliferation is Insufficient to Account for Placental Dysfunction in Egfr Null Embryos
Creators: name: Threadgill, D.W.
name: Strunk, K.E.
name: Wehmeyer, M.M.
name: Dackor, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Homozygosity for the Egfrtm1Mag null allele in mice leads to genetic background dependent placental abnormalities and embryonic lethality. Molecular mechanisms or genetic modifiers that differentiate strains with surviving versus non-surviving Egfr nullizygous embryos have yet to be identified. Egfr transcripts in wildtype placenta was quantified by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and the lowest level of Egfr mRNA expression was found to coincide with Egfrtm1Mag homozygous lethality. Immunohistochemical analysis of ERBB family receptors, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4, showed similar expression between Egfr wildtype and null placentas indicating that Egfr null trophoblast do not up-regulate these receptors to compensate for EGFR deficiency. Significantly fewer numbers of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) positive trophoblast were observed in Egfr nullizygous placentas and Cdc25a and Myc, genes associated with proliferation, were significantly down-regulated in null placentas. However, strains with both mild and severe placental phenotypes exhibit reduced proliferation suggesting that this defect alone does not account for strain-specific embryonic lethality. Consistent with this hypothesis, intercrosses generating mice null for cell cycle checkpoint genes (Trp53, Rb1, Cdkn1a, Cdkn1b or Cdkn2c) in combination with Egfr deficiency did not increase survival of Egfr nullizygous embryos. Since complete development of the spongiotrophoblast compartment is not required for survival of Egfr nullizygous embryos, reduction of this layer that is commonly observed in Egfr nullizygous placentas likely accounts for the decrease in proliferation.
Mehr zur Chronologie von Bachs Weimarer Kantaten
Creators: name: Melamed, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Beitrag bringt in die Diskussion um die Chronololgie von J. S. Bachs Weimarer Kantaten ein neues Archivdokument aus Halle/Saale ein, das der Autor vorstellt und auf mögliche Implikationen zu Bachs Weimarer Kantatenschaffen hin untersucht. Vergleiche auch: Andreas Glöckner: Zur Chronologie der Weimarer Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1985, S. 159-164) Alfred Dürr: Merkwürdiges in den Quellen zu Weimarer Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1987, S. 151-157 Klaus Hofmann: Neue Überlegungen zu Bachs Weimarer Kantaten-Kalender. BJ 1993, S. 9-29
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 79 (1993)
Unusual effect of high pressures on phase transformations in Ni$_{62}$Nb$_{38}$ alloy
Creators: name: Galimzyanov, B. N.
name: Doronina, M. A.
name: Mokshin, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary Ni$_{62}$Nb$_{38}$ alloy belongs to the unique class of binary off-eutectic systems, which are able to form a bulk glassy state [L. Xia et al., J. Appl. Phys. 99 (2006) 026103]. In the present work, the ($p$, $T$) phase diagram of Ni$_{62}$Nb$_{38}$ alloy was first determined for a wide thermodynamic range with temperatures from $300$\,K to $6000$\,K and with pressures from $1$\,atm to $1.2\times10^7$\,atm. For this thermodynamic range, elements of the phase diagram such as the liquid-crystal coexistence line and the glass transition line are defined. Our results reveal good agreement between the simulation results and the known experimental values of the liquidus temperature and the glass transition temperature for the isobar $p=1$\,atm. The phase diagram is detailed for pressures greater than $1\times10^{7}$\,atm. For the first time, the phase separation conditions at which the liquid Nb and crystalline Ni phases coexist in the system were determined.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Die Organistenstelle an St. Jakobi in Hamburg: eine "convenable station" für Johann Sebastian Bach?
Creators: name: Kremer, Joachim
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Für die Annahme, daß Bachs verschollenes Schreiben von 1720 eine Absage der Organistenstelle in Hamburg enthielt sprechen einige Gründe. Der mögliche soziale Abstieg Bachs von einer leitenden Stelle des Kapellmeisters in Köthen zur untergeordneten Stelle des Organisten wurde finanziell nicht gerechtfertig. Ferner hatte sich das Betätigungsfeld des Organisten verkleinert. Der Organist war nur noch für die gottesdienstliche Musik zuständig. Andere Aufführungen waren den Kantoren zugesprochen. (Autor, gekürzt, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 79 (1993)
OpenPGP Email Forwarding Via Diverted Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Exchanges
Creators: name: Vial-Prado, Francisco
name: Wussler, Aron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An offline OpenPGP user might want to forward part or all of their email messages to third parties. Given that messages are encrypted, this requires transforming them into ciphertexts decryptable by the intended forwarded parties, while maintaining confidentiality and authentication. It is shown in recent lines of work that this can be achieved by means of proxy-re-encryption schemes, however, while encrypted email forwarding is the most mentioned application of proxy-re-encryption, it has not been implemented in the OpenPGP context, to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we adapt the seminal technique introduced by Blaze, Bleumer and Strauss in EUROCRYPT'98, allowing a Mail Transfer Agent to transform and forward OpenPGP messages without access to decryption keys or plaintexts. We also provide implementation details and a security analysis.
description: 12 pages, presented at ICMC 2021
Choralvorspiel und Choralbegleitung im Urteil J. S. Bachs
Creators: name: Czubatynski, Uwe
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Beitrag stellt einen Rezensionstext aus dem Jahre 1770 vor, der wahrscheinlich von Johann Friedrich Agricola verfasst wurde und Johann Sebastian Bachs ästhetische Vorstellungen zu zitieren vorgibt.
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 79 (1993)
Multi-wavelength Q-plate Arithmetic in an All-Liquid-Crystal Modular Setup
Creators: name: Piłka, Jacek
name: Kwaśny, Michał
name: Czerniewicz, Magdalena
name: Karpierz, Mirosław
name: Laudyn, Urszula
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortex beams are a type of structured light characterized by phase rotation around the propagation axis, resulting in orbital angular momentum. Their properties make them useful in various applications such as high-resolution microscopy, optical tweezing, and telecommunications. This has led to a comprehensive development of methods for their generation, ranging from using single-purpose glass elements to utilizing computer-generated holograms using spatial light modulators. One of the most commonly used elements for vortex transformation is a vortex half-wave retarder called a q-plate, which can transform a Gaussian beam into a scalar vortex or vector beam depending on the input polarization. Although the commercially available ones are limited in the range of possible output topological charges, they can be stacked to perform arithmetic operations to expand them. However, changing the output or working wavelength requires rearranging the elements. We present an improvement to this method that solves these problems by introducing Q-modules, easy-to-fabricate, electrically tunable liquid crystal devices that combine the features of q-plates and half-wave plates and can be used as building blocks in modular assemblies. Electrical tuning makes it possible to change the working wavelength as well as the topological output charge or polarization order without the need to interact mechanically with the setup.
Palschaus Bach-Spiel in London
Creators: name: Kaiser, Rainer
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Johann Gottfried Wilhelm Palschau war bereits als neunjähriges Wunderkind in London auf dem Cembalo zu hören. Er spielte - nach Berichten von Charles Burney - u.a. Doppelfugen von Johann Sebastian Bach. Palschau war Schüler des Organisten J.G. Müthel, der seinerseits Schüler J.S.Bachs gewesen war. Daneben weisen Abschriften von Bachs Werken in England darauf hin, daß Bachs Musik lange Zeit vor der Ankunft Johann Christian Bachs im Jahr 1762 erklungen ist. (Karola Weil, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 79 (1993)
The AIMSS Project I: Bridging the Star Cluster - Galaxy Divide
Creators: name: Norris, Mark A.
name: Kannappan, Sheila J.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Brodie, Jean P.
name: Faifer, Favio Raul
name: Huxor, Avon
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Moffett, Amanda J.
name: Penny, Samantha J.
name: Pota, Vincenzo
name: Smith-Castelli, Analia
name: Strader, Jay
name: Bradley, David
name: Eckert, Kathleen D.
name: Fohring, Dora
name: Stark, JoEllen McBride David V.
name: Vaduvescu, Ovidiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the structural and kinematic properties of the first compact stellar systems discovered by the AIMSS project. These spectroscopically confirmed objects have sizes ($\sim$6 $
description: 26 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Propagation-induced entanglement revival
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Abhinandan
name: Joshi, Mritunjay K.
name: Karan, Suman
name: Leach, Jonathan
name: Jha, Anand K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The practical implementation of free-space quantum information tasks requires entanglement to be sustained over long distances and in the presence of turbulent and noisy environments. The transverse position-momentum entanglement of photon pairs produced by parametric down-conversion has found several uses in quantum information science, however, it is not suitable for applications involving long-distance propagation as the entanglement decays very rapidly when photons propagate away from their source. Entanglement is lost after a few centimetres of propagation, and the effect becomes even more pronounced in turbulent environments. In contrast, in this article, we show that entanglement in the angle-orbital angular momentum (OAM) bases exhibits a remarkably different behaviour. As with the position-momentum case, initially, the angle-OAM entanglement decays with propagation, but as the photons continue to travel further from the source, the photons regain their strongly correlated behaviour, and the entanglement returns. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate this behaviour and show that entanglement returns even in the presence of strong turbulence. The only effect of turbulence is to increase the propagation distance for revival, but once revived, the two photons remain entangled up to an arbitrary propagation distance. This work highlights the role that OAM-angle entanglement will play in applications where quantum information is shared over long distances.
New possible class of neutron stars: hot and fast non-accreting rotators
Creators: name: Gusakov, Mikhail E.
name: Chugunov, Andrey I.
name: Kantor, Elena M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of neutron stars (NSs) -- hot rapidly rotating non-accreting NSs, which we propose to call HOFNARs (HOt and Fast Non-Accreting Rotators) or "hot widows" (in analogy with "black widow" pulsars) -- is suggested. We argue that such stars should originate from the low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) provided that they were unstable with respect to excitation of $r$-modes at the end of accretion epoch (when their low-mass companions ceased to fill the Roche lobe). High temperature of "hot widows"/HOFNARs is maintained by $r$-mode dissipation rather than by accretion. We analyse observational properties of "hot widows"/HOFNARs and demonstrate that these objects form a specific separate class of neutron stars. In particular, some of the most stable X-ray sources among the candidates to quiescent LMXB systems (qLMXBs), can, in fact, belong to that new class. We formulate observational criteria which allow to distinguish "hot widows"/HOFNARs from qLMXB systems, and argue that available observations of X-ray sources 47 Tuc X5 and X7 satisfy (or, at least, do not contradict) these criteria. In addition, we discuss indirect evidences in favor of "hot widows"/HOFNARs existence, following from the analysis of observations and predictions of population synthesis theories. If that new class of NSs does exist, it would prove the possibility to emit gravitational waves by mass-current multipole. Various applications of our results, such as prospects for constraining superdense matter properties with hot widows"/HOFNARs, are analyzed.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Analysis of the time series in the space maser signals
Creators: name: Siparov, S.
name: Samodurov, V.
name: Laptev, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the data of the observations of the radio sources frequently found in space. They are believed to be the sets of molecular condensations each of which works as a maser, so that the whole set produces a characteristic spectrum. It turns out that in some cases the intensity of one of the components of such spectrum corresponding to a single condensation changes periodically with a period of dozens of minutes or of hours.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Disparities in Dermatology AI: Assessments Using Diverse Clinical Images
Creators: name: Daneshjou, Roxana
name: Vodrahalli, Kailas
name: Liang, Weixin
name: Novoa, Roberto A
name: Jenkins, Melissa
name: Rotemberg, Veronica
name: Ko, Justin
name: Swetter, Susan M
name: Bailey, Elizabeth E
name: Gevaert, Olivier
name: Mukherjee, Pritam
name: Phung, Michelle
name: Yekrang, Kiana
name: Fong, Bradley
name: Sahasrabudhe, Rachna
name: Zou, James
name: Chiou, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: More than 3 billion people lack access to care for skin disease. AI diagnostic tools may aid in early skin cancer detection; however most models have not been assessed on images of diverse skin tones or uncommon diseases. To address this, we curated the Diverse Dermatology Images (DDI) dataset - the first publicly available, pathologically confirmed images featuring diverse skin tones. We show that state-of-the-art dermatology AI models perform substantially worse on DDI, with ROC-AUC dropping 29-40 percent compared to the models' original results. We find that dark skin tones and uncommon diseases, which are well represented in the DDI dataset, lead to performance drop-offs. Additionally, we show that state-of-the-art robust training methods cannot correct for these biases without diverse training data. Our findings identify important weaknesses and biases in dermatology AI that need to be addressed to ensure reliable application to diverse patients and across all disease.
description: Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) - Extended Abstract
"...ein Großes Orgelkonzert von dem alten Sebastian Bach". Zu einem Konzertprogramm Johann Wilhelm Häßlers
Creators: name: Henzel, Christoph
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Die Gattung des Konzerts für Orgel und Orchester im 18. Jahrhundert gilt allgemein als ein von G.F. Händel begründeter und im wesentlichen auf England beschränkter Seitenzweig des Instrumentalkonzerts. Rätselhaft erscheint deshalb die Aufführung eines von der preußischen Hofkapelle begleiteten Bachschen Orgelkonzertes durch J.W. Häßler 1789 in Berlin. (Karola Weil, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 79 (1993)
On random number generators and practical market efficiency
Creators: name: Moews, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62P20, 90B90, 91B84

description: Modern mainstream financial theory is underpinned by the efficient market hypothesis, which posits the rapid incorporation of relevant information into asset pricing. Limited prior studies in the operational research literature have investigated tests designed for random number generators to check for these informational efficiencies. Treating binary daily returns as a hardware random number generator analogue, tests of overlapping permutations have indicated that these time series feature idiosyncratic recurrent patterns. Contrary to prior studies, we split our analysis into two streams at the annual and company level, and investigate longer-term efficiency over a larger time frame for Nasdaq-listed public companies to diminish the effects of trading noise and allow the market to realistically digest new information. Our results demonstrate that information efficiency varies across years and reflects large-scale market impacts such as financial crises. We also show the proximity to results of a well-tested pseudo-random number generator, discuss the distinction between theoretical and practical market efficiency, and find that the statistical qualification of stock-separated returns in support of the efficient market hypothesis is dependent on the driving factor of small inefficient subsets that skew market assessments.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of the Operational Research Society
Modeling the Variability of Shapes of a Human Placenta
Creators: name: Haas, D.
name: Yampolsky, M.
name: Shlakhter, O.
name: Salafia, C.M.
name: Thorp, J.
name: Eucker, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Placentas are generally round-oval in shape, but “irregular” shapes are common. In the Collaborative Perinatal Project data, irregular shapes were associated with lower birth weight for placental weight, suggesting variably shaped placentas have altered function.
Weak deflection angle by Kalb-Ramond Traversable Wormhole in Plasma and Dark Matter Mediums
Creators: name: Javed, Wajiha
name: Irshad, Hafsa
name: Pantig, Reggie C.
name: Övgün, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to compute the weak deflection angle for Kalb-Ramond traversable wormhole solution in plasma and dark matter mediums by using the method of Gibbons and Werner. To acquire our results, we evaluate Gaussian optical curvature by utilizing the Gauss-Bonnet theorem in the weak field limits. We also investigate the graphical influence of deflection angle $\tildeα$ with respect to the impact parameter $σ$ and minimal radius $r_0$ in plasma medium. Moreover, we derive the deflection angle by using different method known as Keeton and Petters method. We also examine that if we remove the effects of plasma and dark matter, the results become identical to that of non-plasma case.
description: 12 pages. Accepted for publication in UNIVERSE (https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/11/599)
Dust and Gas in the Magellanic Clouds from the HERITAGE Herschel Key Project. I. Dust Properties and Insights into the Origin of the Submm Excess Emission
Creators: name: Gordon, Karl D.
name: Roman-Duval, Julia
name: Bot, Caroline
name: Meixner, Margaret
name: Babler, Brian
name: Bernard, Jean-Philippe
name: Bolatto, Alberto
name: Boyer, Martha L.
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Engelbracht, Charles
name: Fukui, Yasuo
name: Galametz, Maud
name: Galliano, Frederic
name: Hony, Sacha
name: Hughes, Annie
name: Indebetouw, Remy
name: Israel, Frank P.
name: Jameson, Katie
name: Kawamura, Akiko
name: Lebouteiller, Vianney
name: Li, Aigen
name: Madden, Suzanne C.
name: Matsuura, Mikako
name: Misselt, Karl
name: Montiel, Edward
name: Okumura, K.
name: Onishi, Toshikazu
name: Panuzzo, Pasquale
name: Paradis, Deborah
name: Rubio, Monica
name: Sandstrom, Karin
name: Sauvage, Marc
name: Seale, Jonathan
name: Sewilo, Marta
name: Tchernyshyov, Kirill
name: Skibba, Ramin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dust properties in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are studied using the HERITAGE Herschel Key Project photometric data in five bands from 100 to 500 micron. Three simple models of dust emission were fit to the observations: a single temperature blackbody modified by a power- law emissivity (SMBB), a single temperature blackbody modified by a broken power-law emissivity (BEMBB), and two blackbodies with different temperatures, both modified by the same power-law emissivity (TTMBB). Using these models we investigate the origin of the submm excess; defined as the submillimeter (submm) emission above that expected from SMBB models fit to observations < 200 micron. We find that the BEMBB model produces the lowest fit residuals with pixel-averaged 500 micron submm excesses of 27% and 43% for the LMC and SMC, respectively. Adopting gas masses from previous works, the gas-to-dust ratios calculated from our the fitting results shows that the TTMBB fits require significantly more dust than are available even if all the metals present in the interstellar medium (ISM) were condensed into dust. This indicates that the submm excess is more likely to be due to emissivity variations than a second population of colder dust. We derive integrated dust masses of (7.3 +/- 1.7) x 10^5 and (8.3 +/- 2.1) times 10^4 M(sun) for the LMC and SMC, respectively. We find significant correlations between the submm excess and other dust properties; further work is needed to determine the relative contributions of fitting noise and ISM physics to the correlations.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ
RAMP: Retrieval and Attribute-Marking Enhanced Prompting for Attribute-Controlled Translation
Creators: name: Sarti, Gabriele
name: Htut, Phu Mon
name: Niu, Xing
name: Hsu, Benjamin
name: Currey, Anna
name: Dinu, Georgiana
name: Nadejde, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attribute-controlled translation (ACT) is a subtask of machine translation that involves controlling stylistic or linguistic attributes (like formality and gender) of translation outputs. While ACT has garnered attention in recent years due to its usefulness in real-world applications, progress in the task is currently limited by dataset availability, since most prior approaches rely on supervised methods. To address this limitation, we propose Retrieval and Attribute-Marking enhanced Prompting (RAMP), which leverages large multilingual language models to perform ACT in few-shot and zero-shot settings. RAMP improves generation accuracy over the standard prompting approach by (1) incorporating a semantic similarity retrieval component for selecting similar in-context examples, and (2) marking in-context examples with attribute annotations. Our comprehensive experiments show that RAMP is a viable approach in both zero-shot and few-shot settings.
description: Accepted at ACL 2023
Drewnowski's index to measure lifespan variation: Revisiting the Gini coefficient of the life table
Creators: name: Aburto, José Manuel
name: Basellini, Ugofilippo
name: Baudisch, Annette
name: Villavicencio, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Gini coefficient of the life table is a concentration index that provides information on lifespan variation. Originally proposed by economists to measure income and wealth inequalities, it has been widely used in population studies to investigate variation in ages at death. We focus on a complementary indicator, Drewnowski's index, which is as a measure of equality. We study its mathematical properties and analyze how changes over time relate to changes in life expectancy. Further, we identify the threshold age below which mortality improvements are translated into decreasing lifespan variation and above which these improvements translate into increasing lifespan inequality. We illustrate our theoretical findings simulating scenarios of mortality improvement in the Gompertz model. Our experiments demonstrate how Drewnowski's index can serve as an indicator of the shape of mortality patterns. These properties, along with our analytical findings, support studying lifespan variation alongside life expectancy trends in multiple species.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
One to many: comparing single gravitational-wave events to astrophysical populations
Creators: name: Mould, Matthew
name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Dall'Amico, Marco
name: Mapelli, Michela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave observations have revealed sources whose unusual properties challenge our understanding of compact-binary formation. Inferring the formation processes that are best able to reproduce such events may therefore yield key astrophysical insights. A common approach is to count the fraction of synthetic events from a simulated population that are consistent with some real event. Though appealing owing to its simplicity, this approach is flawed because it neglects the full posterior information, depends on an ad-hoc region that defines consistency, and fails for high signal-to-noise detections. We point out that a statistically consistent solution is to compute the posterior odds between two simulated populations, which crucially is a relative measure, and show how to include the effect of observational biases by conditioning on source detectability. Applying the approach to several gravitational-wave events and simulated populations, we assess the degree to which we can conclude model preference not just between distinct formation pathways but also between subpopulations within a given pathway.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Centrality of the Umbilical Cord Insertion in a Human Placenta Influences the Placental Efficiency☆
Creators: name: Shlakhter, O.
name: Yampolsky, M.
name: Eucker, B.
name: Thorp, J.
name: Haas, D.
name: Salafia, Carolyn M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We assess the effect on placental efficiency of the non-centrality of the umbilical cord insertion and on chorionic vascular distribution to determine if cord centrality measurably affects placental function as reflected in birth weight.
Increased TLR4 Expression in Murine Placentas after Oral Infection with Periodontal Pathogens
Creators: name: Wacker, B.
name: Offenbacher, S.
name: Arce, R.M.
name: Moss, K.
name: Barros, S.P.
name: Peters, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Maternal periodontitis has emerged as a putative risk factor for preterm births in humans. The periodontitis-associated dental biofilm is thought to serve as an important source of oral bacteria and related virulence factors that hematogenously disseminate and affect the fetoplacental unit; however the underlying biological mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. This study hypothesized that an oral infection with the human periodontal pathogens Campylobacter rectus and Porphyromonas gingivalis is able to induce fetal growth restriction, placental inflammation and enhance Toll-like receptors type 4 (TLR4) expression in a murine pregnancy model. Female Balb/C mice (n=40) were orally infected with C. rectus and/or P. gingivalis over a 16-week period and mated once per week. Pregnant mice were sacrificed at embryonic day (E) 16.5 and placentas were collected and analyzed for TLR4 mRNA levels and qualitative protein expression by real time PCR and immunofluorescence. TLR4 mRNA expression was found to be increased in C. rectus-infected group (1.98±0.886 fold difference, P<0.01, ANOVA) compared to controls. Microscopic analysis of murine placentas showed enhanced immunofluorescence of TLR4 in trophoblasts, mainly in the placental labyrinth layer. Also, combined oral infection with C. rectus and P. gingivalis significantly reduced the overall fecundity compared to controls (16.7% vs. 75%, infected vs. non-infected mice respectively, P=0.03, Kaplan-Meier). The results supported an enhanced placental TLR4 expression after oral infection with periodontal pathogens. The TLR4 pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of preterm births; therefore the abnormal regulation of placental TLR4 may give new insights into how maternal periodontitis and periodontal pathogens might be linked to placental inflammation and preterm birth pathogenesis.
Aftershock production rate of driven viscoelastic interfaces
Creators: name: Jagla, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically and by numerical simulations the statistics of the aftershocks generated after large avalanches in models of interface depinning that include viscoelastic relaxation effects. We find in all the analyzed cases that the decay law of aftershocks with time can be understood by considering the typical roughness of the interface and its evolution due to relaxation. In models where there is a single viscoelastic relaxation time there is an exponential decay of the number of aftershocks with time. In models in which viscoelastic relaxation is wave-vector dependent we typically find a power law dependence of the decay rate, compatible with the Omori law. The factors that determine the value of the decay exponent are analyzed.
(:unas) unassigned
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2024

description: Alessandro Caravia compone il poemetto in ottave Il sogno dil Caravia (Venezia, 1541) attorno al topos del viaggio e della visione ultraterrena. Dettato più da un’intima esigenza spirituale che da pure ambizioni letterarie, Caravia non si sofferma troppo sull’aspetto materiale dell’oltretomba, predilige piuttosto un discorso di taglio filosoficomorale; per alcune audaci convinzioni, oltre che per le critiche agli usi e ai costumi contemporanei, egli non sfuggirà al controllo del Santo Uffizio.
description: Alessandro Caravia writes his first work, Il Sogno dil Caravia (Venice, 1541), around the topos of the otherworldly journey. Caravia does not dwell too much on the material aspect ofthe underworld, he rather prefers a philosophical-moral discourse; for some audacious convictions, as well as for the criticisms of contemporary uses and customs, he will not escape the control of the Holy Office.
Bifurcation structure and chaos in nanomagnet coupled to Josephson junction
Creators: name: Nashaat, M.
name: Sameh, M.
name: Botha, A. E.
name: Kulikov, K. V.
name: Shukrinov, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently an irregular easy axis reorientation demonstrating the Kapitza pendulum features were observed in numerical simulations of nanomagnet coupled to the Josephson junction. To explain its origin we study the magnetization bifurcations and chaos which appear in this system due to interplay of superconductivity and magnetism. The bifurcation structure of the magnetization under the variation of Josephson to magnetic energy ratio as a control parameter demonstrates several precessional motions. They are related to chaotic behavior, bistability, and multiperiodic orbits in the ferromagnetic resonance region. Effect of external periodic drive on the bifurcation structure is investigated. The results demonstrate high-frequency modes of periodic motion and chaotic response near resonance. Far from the ferromagnetic resonance we observe a quasiperiodic behavior.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Immunodetection and Functions of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles
Creators: name: Johnston, Ella
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310105
subject: Cellular interactions (incl. adhesion, matrix, cell wall)
classificationCode: 320499
subject: Immunology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310701
subject: Bacteriology

description: Submitted in total fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria.  
Placental surface shape, function, and effects of maternal and fetal vascular pathology
Creators: name: Eucker, B.
name: Thorp, J.
name: Misra, D.P.
name: Salafia, C.M.
name: Haas, D.
name: Yampolsky, M.
name: Shlakhter, O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In clinical practice, variability of placental surface shape is common. We measure the average placental shape in a birth cohort and the effect deviations from the average have on placental functional efficiency. We test whether altered placental shape improves the specificity of histopathology diagnoses of maternal uteroplacental and feto-placental vascular pathology for clinical outcomes.
Towards optimal point spread function design for resolving closely spaced emitters in three dimensions
Creators: name: Jusuf, James M.
name: Lew, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past decade has brought many innovations in optical design for 3D super-resolution imaging of point-like emitters, but these methods often focus on single-emitter localization precision as a performance metric. Here, we propose a simple heuristic for designing a point spread function (PSF) that allows for precise measurement of the distance between two emitters. We discover that there are two types of PSFs that achieve high performance for resolving emitters in 3D, as quantified by the Cramér-Rao bounds for estimating the separation between two closely spaced emitters. One PSF is very similar to the existing Tetrapod PSFs; the other is a rotating single-spot PSF, which we call the crescent PSF. The latter exhibits excellent performance for localizing single emitters throughout a 1-$μ$m focal volume (localization precisions of 7.3~nm in $x$, 7.7~nm in $y$, and 18.3~nm in $z$ using 1000 detected photons), and it distinguishes between one and two closely spaced emitters with superior accuracy ($25$-$53\%$ lower error rates than the best-performing Tetrapod PSF, averaged throughout a 1-$μ$m focal volume). Our study provides additional insights into optimal strategies for encoding 3D spatial information into optical PSFs.
description: Additional optimization studies and PSF characterization. Corrected typographical errors in equations in previous version
Sociophysics: a new approach of sociological collective behaviour. I. Mean-behaviour description of a strike
Creators: name: Galam, Serge
name: Gefen, Yuval
name: Shapir, Yonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach to the understanding of sociological collective behaviour, based on the framework of critical phenomena in physics, is presented. The first step consists of constructing a simple mean-behaviour model and applying it to a strike process in a plant. The model comprises only a limited number of parameters characteristic of the plant considered and of the society. A dissatisfaction function is introduced with a basic principle stating that the stable state of the plant is a state, which minimizes this function. It is found that the plant can be in one of two phases: the "collective phase" and the "individual phase". These two phases are separated by a critical point, in the neighbourhood of which the system is very sensitive to small changes in the parameters. The collective phase includes a region of parameters for which the system has two possible states: a "work state" and a "strike state". The actual state of the system depends on the parameters and on the "history of the system". The irreversibility of the transition between these two states indicates the existence of metastable states. For these particular states, the effect of small groups of workers or of a small perturbation in the system results in drastic changes in the state of the plant. Other non-trivial implications of the model, as well as possible extensions and refinements of the approach, are discussed.
description: First paper coining the term sociophysics to launch a new field of research (submitted in 1980, published in 1982), retyped in its original format, 13 pages, 4 figures
Molien series and low-degree invariants for a natural action of ${\bf SO}(3)\wr{\bf Z}_2$
Creators: name: Chillingworth, David
name: Lauterbach, Reiner
name: Turzi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A72, 13A50, 76A15

description: We investigate the invariants of the $25$-dimensional real representation of the group ${\bf SO}(3)\wr{\bf Z}_2$ given by the left and right actions of ${\bf SO}(3)$ on $5\times 5$ matrices together with matrix transposition; the action on column vectors is the irreducible $5$-dimensional representation of ${\bf SO}(3)$. The $25$-dimensional representation arises naturally in the study of nematic liquid crystals, where the second-rank orientational order parameters of a molecule are represented by a symmetric $3\times3$ traceless symmetric matrix, and where a rigid rotation in ${\bf R}^3$ induces a linear transformation of this space of matrices. The entropy contribution to a free energy density function in this context turns out to have ${\bf SO}(3)\wr{\bf Z}_2$ symmetry. Although it is unrealistic to expect to describe the complete algebraic structure of the ring of invariants, we are able to calculate the Molien series giving the number of linearly independent invariants at each homogeneous degree, and to express this as a rational function indicating the degrees of invariant polynomials that constitute a basis of 19 primary invariants. The algebra of invariants up to degree 4 is investigated in detail.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
(In)stability of de Sitter vacuum in light of distance conjecture and emergence proposal
Creators: name: Seo, Min-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distance conjecture claims that as the modulus traverses along the trans-Planckian geodesic distance, the effective field theory becomes invalid by a descent of a tower of states from UV. Moreover, according to the recent emergence proposal, the kinetic term of the modulus is entirely generated by the wavefunction renormalization in which a tower of states are integrated out. Assuming these two conjectures, we explore the role of a tower of states coupled to the modulus in (in)stability of the de Sitter (dS) vacuum by studying the one-loop effective potential generated by a tower of states. We find that a fermionic tower of states makes the effective potential more or less consistent with the dS swampland conjecture : either the slope or the curvature of the potential is sizeable. In contrast, the effective potential generated by a bosonic tower of states seems to allow the stable dS vacuum. Therefore, in order to argue the instability of the dS vacuum, the additional ingredient like supersymmetry breaking needs to be taken into account.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, version published in JHEP
Unbekannte Textdrucke zu drei Gelegenheitskantaten J. S. Bachs
Creators: name: Tiggemann, Hildegard
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Die Textdrucke wurden in der Hofbibliothek Bückeburg - Sammlung Anton Gottfried Schlichthaber - gefunden. Zu ihnen gehört der Text einer Huldigungskantate für Herzog Christian zu Sachsen-Weißenfels vom 12. Januar 1729: 'O! Angenehme Melodei!', die fast mit BWV 210a identisch ist. Von den sechzig Trauungskantaten Bachs aus Leipzig sind bisher nur sechs Kantaten bekannt. Die Texte zweier weiterer Werke dieser Gattung wurden ebenfalls wiederentdeckt. Desweiteren zählt der Fund eines Klagegedichtes auf den Tod eines Mitgliedes des Bachschen Collegium musicum dazu. (Autor, gekürzt, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 80 (1994)
Bachs Bewerbung um die Organistenstelle an der Marienkirche in Halle und ihr Kontext
Creators: name: Wollny, Peter
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Artikel stellt einige Dokumente rund um das Bewerbungsverfahren um die Nachfolge Friedrich Wilhelm Zachows 1712-1714 vor. Speziell zur Kandidatur Bachs werden Auszüge aus dem Rechnungsbuch der Marienkirche vorgestellt.
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 80 (1994)
A dynamically reprogrammable metasurface with self-evolving shape morphing
Creators: name: Bai, Yun
name: Wang, Heling
name: Xue, Yeguang
name: Pan, Yuxin
name: Kim, Jin-Tae
name: Ni, Xinchen
name: Liu, Tzu-Li
name: Yang, Yiyuan
name: Han, Mengdi
name: Huang, Yonggang
name: Rogers, John A.
name: Ni, Xiaoyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic shape-morphing soft materials systems are ubiquitous in living organisms; they are also of rapidly increasing relevance to emerging technologies in soft machines, flexible electronics, and smart medicines. Soft matter equipped with responsive components can switch between designed shapes or structures, but cannot support the types of dynamic morphing capabilities needed to reproduce natural, continuous processes of interest for many applications. Challenges lie in the development of schemes to reprogram target shapes post fabrication, especially when complexities associated with the operating physics and disturbances from the environment can prohibit the use of deterministic theoretical models to guide inverse design and control strategies. Here, we present a mechanical metasurface constructed from a matrix of filamentary metal traces, driven by reprogrammable, distributed Lorentz forces that follow from passage of electrical currents in the presence of a static magnetic field. The resulting system demonstrates complex, dynamic morphing capabilities with response times within 0.1 s. Implementing an in-situ stereo-imaging feedback strategy with a digitally controlled actuation scheme guided by an optimization algorithm, yields surfaces that can self-evolve into a wide range of 3-dimensional (3D) target shapes with high precision, including an ability to morph against extrinsic or intrinsic perturbations. These concepts support a data-driven approach to the design of dynamic, soft matter, with many unique characteristics.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures