cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Guidance for Reporting Outcomes in Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Butcher, Nancy
name: Mew, Emma
name: Saeed, Leena
name: Monsour, Andrea
name: Chee-a-tow, Alyssandra
name: Chan, An-Wen
name: Moher, David
name: Offringa, Martin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CONSORT reporting guideline
subject: endpoint
subject: outcome
subject: SPIRIT reporting guideline
subject: Trial
subject: trial protocols

description: Introduction: Patients, families, and clinicians rely on published research to help inform treatment decisions. Without complete reporting of the outcomes studied, evidence-based clinical and policy decisions are limited and researchers cannot synthesize, replicate, or build on existing research findings. To facilitate harmonized reporting of outcomes in published trial protocols and reports, a new reporting standard, the Instrument for reporting of Planned Endpoints in Clinical Trials (InsPECT), is under development. As one of the initial steps in the development of InsPECT, a scoping review will identify and synthesize existing guidance on the reporting of trial outcomes. Methods and analysis: We will apply methods based on the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methods manual. Documents that provide explicit guidance on trial outcome reporting will be searched for using: (1) an electronic bibliographic database search; (2) a grey literature search; and (3) solicitation of colleagues for guidance documents using a snowballing approach. Reference and citation list screening will be performed for included documents. Two trained reviewers will complete title and abstract screening. One reviewer and one verifier will independently complete full-text screening and data charting. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. Captured trial outcome reporting guidance will be compared with candidate InsPECT items to support, refute, and refine InsPECT content and to assess the need for the development of additional items. Data analysis will explore common features of guidance and use quantitative measures (e.g., frequencies) to characterize guidance and its sources. Ethics and dissemination: A paper describing the review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The results will be used to inform the InsPECT development process, helping to ensure that InsPECT provides an evidence-based tool for standardizing trial outcome reporting. Registration details: This protocol was registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ktg84/).
title: Developing Computerised Tasks for Assessing Affective State - A Translational Approach
Creators: name: Vaida, Andrei
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024

description: Major obstacles to the effective exploration of mood-related symptoms in neuropsychiatric illness include the lack of animal models that comprehensively replicate human symptom presentation, the limited number of assessment tools to evaluate affective state in non-human species and, where such tools do exist, the lack of similarity between them and the methods used in the clinic or in human research. This has led to the conceptualisation of a ‘translational gap’ between animal and human studies which may contribute to the levels of clinical trial failure in the neuropsychiatric therapeutic development area, with compounds found to be promising based on preclinical data ultimately proving to be ineffective in the clinical context.
The main objectives of this thesis have been the development and validation of computerised tasks for assessing CAB in humans that resemble those already available in animals (Go/No Go task) and the development of new ones with the potential to be back translated to animals (Go/Go CAB task) using visual stimuli discriminable across species. These will contribute to the facilitation of the translation of findings across species and will potentially help to better assess the likelihood of treatment success in humans.
Systemic risk in multiplex networks with asymmetric coupling and threshold feedback
Creators: name: Burkholz, Rebekka
name: Leduc, Matt V.
name: Garas, Antonios
name: Schweitzer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study cascades on a two-layer multiplex network, with asymmetric feedback that depends on the coupling strength between the layers. Based on an analytical branching process approximation, we calculate the systemic risk measured by the final fraction of failed nodes on a reference layer. The results are compared with the case of a single layer network that is an aggregated representation of the two layers. We find that systemic risk in the two-layer network is smaller than in the aggregated one only if the coupling strength between the two layers is small. Above a critical coupling strength, systemic risk is increased because of the mutual amplification of cascades in the two layers. We even observe sharp phase transitions in the cascade size that are less pronounced on the aggregated layer. Our insights can be applied to a scenario where firms decide whether they want to split their business into a less risky core business and a more risky subsidiary business. In most cases, this may lead to a drastic increase of systemic risk, which is underestimated in an aggregated approach.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Outcome reporting in randomized controlled trials of major depressive disorder treatments in adolescents: a systematic scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Monsour, Andrea
name: Mew, Emma
name: szatmari, peter
name: Patel, Sagar
name: Saeed, Leena
name: Offringa, Martin
name: Butcher, Nancy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: adolescent
subject: clinical trial
subject: core outcome set
subject: major depressive disorder
subject: outcome reporting
subject: systematic scoping review

description: Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental health condition in adolescents. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold-standard for assessing the safety and efficacy of interventions in this population. Heterogeneity in the outcomes measured and reported between RCTs limits the ability to compare, contrast, and combine trial results in a clinically meaningful way. There is currently no core outcome set (COS) available for use in RCTs evaluating interventions in adolescents with MDD. We will conduct a systematic scoping review of outcomes reported in adolescent depression RCTs to assess the variability of trial outcomes and to inform the development of a COS for adolescent MDD. Methods and analysis: We will apply methods based on the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methods manual. RCTs evaluating any treatment intervention for adolescent MDD published in the last ten years will be located using an electronic bibliographic database search (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, and data charting of eligible studies will be performed in duplicate. Outcomes identified will be mapped to an outcome domain framework. Data analysis will include summary statistics of the characteristics of the included trials and outcomes. Ethics and dissemination: The results of this review will inform the development of a COS for adolescent MDD. The development and implementation of a COS for RCTs evaluating interventions in adolescents with MDD promises to help reduce variability in trial outcome selection, definition, measurement, and reporting, ultimately facilitating evidence synthesis that will help to identify best treatment practices for adolescents with MDD. Registration details: This protocol was registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/xjz9u/).
A systematic review of acute concussion assessment selection in research
Creators: name: Moody, Justin R.
name: Feiss, Robyn S.
name: Pangelinan, Melissa M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: Several organisations developed guidelines and assessments for aiding in the diagnosis of concussions. The growing number of concussion assessments increases the difficulty for researchers and clinicians to determine the best method of concussion diagnosis. Purpose: To systematically review the current assessments selected for acute sports-related concussion. Methods: Academic Search Premier, CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were searched. English-language, peer-review published studies of acute (<72 h) concussion assessments were included. Results: A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria (of 291 evaluated); 27 studies provided sufficient information to be included in the descriptive statistics of the assessments. Six of these assessments were used in at least three studies. Only 12 percent of the population studied was female. The age range for these assessments was 9–67 years, although most participants ranged in age between 18 and 35 years. Conclusion: There is a need for a ‘gold’ standard concussion assessment to enable consistency across research and clinical outcomes. We found a large discrepancy between the number of males and females assessed, suggesting that future studies are needed to determine if these current assessments identify concussion signs and symptoms unique to females. Further studies are needed to determine which assessments are appropriate and valid for youth athletes.
Assessment of the Use and Outcomes of Voriconazole and Itraconazole Therapy in Inpatient Pediatric Patients at UNC Medical Center
Creators: name: Cosnahan, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This retrospective analysis sought to characterize the use of voriconazole and itraconazole in a group of pediatric patients admitted to UNC Medical Center. The primary objective was to serve as a hypothesis-generating project for future studies while describing the indications, dose, duration, side effects, and drug interactions for these two azole agents.
الدلالات اللونية للأزياء في عروض المسرح المدرسي
Creators: name: Aldaghlawy, Hayder Jaafar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Drama, theatre and performance studies
Performing arts not elsewhere classified

description: تمثل الأزياء المسرحية مع بقية عناصر العرض المسرحي الجانب المرئي ذات الطيف الواسع الشاغل لفضاء العرض ، اذ تعمل على الكشف عن أبعاد الشخصية ( الفسيولوجي ، سوسيولوجي ، سيكولوجي ) فضلاً عن زمكان أحداث الحكاية . ويتشكل اللون في الزي على وفق الضرورات الدرامية من جهة والشخصيات من جهة اخرى ، لنجد أن العلاقة بين الشخصية واللون في الزي علاقة جدلية تعمل على إثارة المتلقي فكريا ومعرفيا بوساطة الدلالات اللونية للزي المسرحي . ومن هنا قدم الباحث دراسته الموسومة بـ ( الدلالات اللونية للأزياء في عروض المسرح المدرسي ( مسرحية غابة اليوتيبيا انموذجاً ) ، في ضوء اربعة فصول على وفق المنهج العلمي البحثي ساعياً لتحقيق هدف البحث الذي يتلخص بالكشف عن الدلالة اللونية في أزياء مسرحية غابة اليوتيبيا . وقد خلص البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها : أحالت الازياء دلالات من الناحية الاجتماعية للشخصية اذ أحالها المخرج الى الرمز السياسي وبخاصة في شخصية الديك الذي عبر عنه بالفنان في زمن النظام البائد ، وكذلك الحال مع شخصية الكلب الذي عبرت ازياءه وإكسسواراته عن مفهوم الحكومة في تلك الحقبة .
Contributos dos enfermeiros face à sobrecarga dos cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência: um protocolo de scoping review
Creators: name: da Silva Abrunhosa, Antónia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Public Health and Community Nursing
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: O objetivo deste protocolo de scoping review é identificar e mapear as evidências científicas sobre os contributos que os enfermeiros podem oferecer, face a sobrecarga dos cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência, em contexto domiciliário.
An examination of financial capacity and neuropsychological performance in chronic acquired brain injury (CABI)
Creators: name: Sunderaraman, Preeti
name: Cosentino, Stephanie
name: Lindgren, Karen
name: James, Angela
name: Schultheis, Maria T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Primary Objective: Financial Capacity (FC) is known to be impaired in the acute and subacute stages of brain injury. The current study sought to examine FC in the context of chronic, moderate to severe acquired brain injury (CABI). Research Design: The Financial Competence Assessment Inventory (FCAI), developed in Australia, was adapted to examine the integrity of FC in an American sample. Methods and Procedures: Healthy comparison (HC) participants were recruited from the community, whereas participants with CABI were recruited from a community-based rehabilitation center. Participants completed the FCAI and a neuropsychological battery. FCAI performance in the current study was compared against previously published Australian data. Multiple regression analyses examined group (CABI vs. HC) as a predictor of FC. Bivariate correlations examined the cognitive correlates of FCAI in the CABI group. Main Outcomes and Results: The HC group in the current study obtained similar mean scores as those in the Australian sample. CABI group membership predicted lower performance on each FCAI dimension. In the CABI group, attention, working memory, delayed verbal memory, abstract reasoning and impulsivity were uniquely associated with FCAI dimensions. Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring of FC even after the subacute stage of injury, and identify cognitive impairments that may be particularly detrimental for specific dimensions of FC.
Adaptive gauge method for long-time double-null simulations of spherical black-hole spacetimes
Creators: name: Eilon, Ehud
name: Ori, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double-null coordinates are highly useful in numerical simulations of dynamical spherically-symmetric black holes (BHs). However, they become problematic in long-time simulations: Along the event horizon, the truncation error grows exponentially in the outgoing Eddington null coordinate - which we denote $v_e$ - and runs out of control for a sufficiently long interval of $v_e$. This problem, if not properly addressed, would destroy the numerics both inside and outside the black hole at late times (i.e. large $v_e$). In this paper we explore the origin of this problem, and propose a resolution based on adaptive gauge for the ingoing null coordinate $u$. This resolves the problem outside the BH - and also inside the BH, if the latter is uncharged. However, in the case of a charged BH, an analogous large-$v_e$ numerical problem occurs at the inner horizon. We thus generalize our adaptive-gauge method in order to overcome the IH problem as well. This improved adaptive gauge, to which we refer as the maximal-$σ$ gauge, allows long-$v$ double-null numerical simulation across both the event horizon and the (outgoing) inner horizon, and up to the vicinity of the spacelike $r=0$ singularity. We conclude by presenting a few numerical results deep inside a perturbed charged BH, in the vicinity of the contracting Cauchy Horizon.
description: 38 pages, 18 figures. Added References
Synthesis and characterization of attosecond light vortices in the extreme ultraviolet
Creators: name: Géneaux, R.
name: Camper, A.
name: Auguste, T.
name: Gobert, O.
name: Caillat, J.
name: Taeïb, R.
name: Ruchon, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared and visible light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are currently thoroughly studied for their extremely broad applicative prospects, among which are quantum information, micromachining and diagnostic tools. Here we extend these prospects, presenting a comprehensive study for the synthesis and full characterization of optical vortices carrying OAM in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) domain. We confirm the upconversion rules of a femtosecond infrared helically phased beam into its high-order harmonics, showing that each harmonic order carries the total number of OAM units absorbed in the process up to very high orders (57). This allows us to synthesize and characterize helically shaped XUV trains of attosecond pulses. To demonstrate a typical use of these new XUV light beams, we show our ability to generate and control, through photoionization, attosecond electron beams carrying OAM. These breakthroughs pave the route for the study of a series of fundamental phenomena and the development of new ultrafast diagnosis tools using either photonic or electronic vortices.
Step-downs in wage replacement rates across workers' compensation jurisdictions in Australia: impact on leaving rate
Creators: name: Lane, Tyler
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: administrative data
subject: quasi-experimental study designs
subject: rdd
subject: regression discontinuity
subject: workers' compensation
subject: work injury

description: Background: Step-downs are scheduled reductions in the rate of compensation paid to injured workers. Their primary purpose is to encourage return to work. Despite being widespread in Australia, we know of no evidence that they influence time spent off work. Using claims data from each Australian workers' compensation jurisdiction, we will examine whether step-downs affect the rate at which injured workers leave the compensation system. Methods: 1) Regression discontinuity Using the National Dataset for Compensation-based statistics, we will convert record-level claims data into benefit cessation rates, documenting the proportion of workers' compensation claims that remain in the system each day. Using a regression discontinuity (RD) design, we will test whether step-downs increased the benefit cessation rate within each jurisdiction. Analyses will be limited to claims lodged between July 2008 and June 2015 (allowing a minimum of two years of follow up; the data were last updated to June 2017). Where jurisdictions have changed either the step-down rate or initial rate of compensation, we will only include claims lodged after the latest implementation date to ensure consistency in exposure. We will also analyse Western Australia, which currently has no step-downs as a control. Claims with two weeks or fewer of compensated time loss will be excluded to account for employer excess in Victoria and South Australia, as will claims affected by the maximum wage replacement cap, which mitigate or preclude step-down effects. We will also conduct sensitivity analyses with a one-week delay as workers may not be aware of impending step-downs and only respond after receiving reduced compensation. RD analyses will be conducted in R using the rdd package. The package calculates optimal RD bandwidths (BW) using the Imbens-Kalyanaraman calculation, in addition to sensitivity analyses using half- and double-sized BWs. We have attached a proof of concept plot, based on analysis of the 13 week step-down in Victoria. We found no evidence of an effect: local average treatment effects (LATE): 0.44, p = .168 (half-BW: -0.20, p = .307; double-BW: 0.75, p = .173). 2) Meta-analyses We will conduct a meta-analysis of each RD model to derive a pooled effect estimate and determine the proportion of variance attributable to heterogeneity. If we find significant heterogeneity, we will look at several factors to determine those that affect step-down effects. We have identified the following possible factors to consider: timing of step-down, the magnitude of reduction (difference between pre- and post-step-down rate), and the pre step-down wage replacement rate. Meta-analyses will be conducted in R using the metafor package.
A history of cocaine self-administration alters normal phasic dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens during first order conditioning for natural rewards
Creators: name: Edmiston, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mesolimbic system plays an essential role in associative learning. Previous research has shown that neurons in the NAc encode stimuli predictive of rewards and that dopaminergic activity in this region is important for using this predictive information to guide behavior. More specifically, phasic dopamine activity in the NAc has been shown to correlate with the learning of associations between stimuli and natural rewards. However, it is unknown how previous cocaine exposure affects this activity. In order to test this, we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the NAc to measure the release of dopamine in response to stimulus and reward presentation during first order conditioning. In first order conditioning, animals were repeatedly presented both with a stimulus that predicted a reward and with one that predicted no reward. We found that cocaine-exposed animals were able to behaviorally associate stimulus and reward to the same degree as water-administering controls. However, phasic dopamine released in the NAc in response to reward-predictive stimuli was significantly lower in cocaine-exposed animals with than in controls. Furthermore, there was differential dopamine release to the two types of stimuli in controls, but not in cocaine-exposed animals. These results suggest that abnormal dopamine signaling in animals with a history of cocaine abuse does not impair their ability to learn simple associations between stimulus and reward. In the future, FSCV might be used to determine if the activity of phasic dopamine in the NAc accounts for the inability of cocaine-exposed rats to learn more complex, higher order associations.
Improving outcome reporting in clinical trial reports and protocols: study protocol for the Instrument for reporting Planned Endpoints in Clinical Trials (InsPECT)
Creators: name: Butcher, Nancy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical trials
subject: CONSORT
subject: Protocols
subject: Reporting guideline
subject: SPIRIT

description: Background: Inadequate and poor quality outcome reporting in clinical trials is a well-documented problem that impedes the ability of researchers to evaluate, replicate, synthesize and build upon study findings and impacts evidence-based decision making by patients, clinicians, and policy makers. To facilitate harmonized and transparent reporting of outcomes in trial protocols and published reports, the Instrument for reporting Planned Endpoints in Clinical Trials (InsPECT), is being developed. The final product will provide unique InsPECT Extensions to the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) and CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) reporting guidelines. Methods: The InsPECT CONSORT and SPIRIT Extensions will be developed in accordance with the methodological framework created by the EQUATOR (Enhancing Quality and Transparency of Health Research Quality) Network for reporting guideline development. Development will consist of: (1) the creation of an initial list of candidate outcome reporting items synthesized from expert consultations and a scoping review of existing guidance for reporting outcomes in trial protocols and reports; (2) a three-round international Delphi study to identify additional candidate items and assess candidate item importance on a nine-point Likert scale, completed by trial report and protocol authors, systematic review authors, biostatisticians and epidemiologists, reporting guideline developers, clinicians, journal editors, and research ethics board representatives; and (3) an in-person expert consensus meeting to finalize the set of essential outcome reporting items for trial protocols and reports, respectively. The consensus meeting discussions will be independently facilitated and informed by the empirical evidence identified in the primary literature and through the opinions (aggregate rankings and comments) collected via the Delphi study. An integrated knowledge translation approach will be used throughout InsPECT development to facilitate implementation and dissemination, in addition to standard post-development activities. Discussion: InsPECT will provide evidence-informed and consensus-based standards focused on outcome reporting in clinical trials that can be applied across diverse disease areas, study populations, and outcomes. InsPECT will support the standardization of trial outcome reporting, which will maximize trial usability, reduce bias, foster trial replication, improve trial design and execution, and ultimately reduce research waste and help improve patient outcomes.
Entanglement in fermionic chains with finite range coupling and broken symmetries
Creators: name: Ares, F.
name: Esteve, J. G.
name: Falceto, F.
name: de Queiroz, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a formula for the determinant of a block Toeplitz matrix associated with a quadratic fermionic chain with complex coupling. Such couplings break reflection symmetry and/or charge conjugation symmetry. We then apply this formula to compute the Renyi entropy of a partial observation to a subsystem consisting of $X$ contiguous sites in the limit of large $X$. The present work generalizes similar results due to Its, Jin, Korepin and Its, Mezzadri, Mo. A striking new feature of our formula for the entanglement entropy is the appearance of a term scaling with the logarithm of the size of $X$. This logarithmic behaviour originates from certain discontinuities in the symbol of the block Toeplitz matrix. Equipped with this formula we analyse the entanglement entropy of a Dzyaloshinski-Moriya spin chain and a Kitaev fermionic chain with long range pairing.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
High atmospheric metal enrichment for a Saturn-mass planet
Creators: name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Xue, Qiao
name: August, Prune C.
name: Lunine, Jonathan
name: Zhang, Michael
name: Thorngren, Daniel
name: Tsai, Shang-Min
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Schlawin, Everett
name: Ahrer, Eva-Maria
name: Ih, Jegug
name: Mansfield, Megan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atmospheric metal enrichment (i.e., elements heavier than helium, also called "metallicity") is a key diagnostic of the formation of giant planets. The giant planets of the solar system exhibit an inverse relationship between mass and both their bulk metallicities and atmospheric metallicities. Extrasolar giant planets also display an inverse relationship between mass and bulk metallicity. However, there is significant scatter in the relationship and it is not known how atmospheric metallicity correlates with either planet mass or bulk metallicity. Here we show that the Saturn-mass exoplanet HD 149026b has an atmospheric metallicity 59 - 276 times solar (at 1 $σ$), which is greater than Saturn's atmospheric metallicity of ~7.5 times solar at >4 $σ$ confidence. This result is based on modeling CO$_2$ and H$_2$O absorption features in the thermal emission spectrum of the planet measured by JWST. HD 149026b is the most metal-rich giant planet known, with an estimated bulk heavy element abundance of 66 $\pm$ 2% by mass. We find that the atmospheric metallicities of both HD 149026b and the solar system giant planets are more correlated with bulk metallicity than planet mass.
description: Published online in Nature on March 27, 2023; a JWST thermal emission spectrum of a planet that definitely has an atmosphere ;)
Metacognitions and Misappraisal of Cravings in Current and Former Smokers
Creators: name: Clark, Heather L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posit that appraisals of intrusive thoughts as highly personally meaningful drive the performance of compulsions and rituals to alleviate the anxiety associated with these thoughts. Recently, catastrophic and dysfunctional appraisals of cravings have been hypothesized to drive smoking behaviors in smokers currently engaged in a cessation effort (Nosen & Woody, 2009). Indeed, certain anxiety-related factors such as anxiety sensitivity (AS) and misappraisals of cravings have been found to predict relapse (Assayag, Bernstein, Zvolenksy, Steeves, & Stewart, 2012; Johnson, Stewart, Steeves, & Zvolensky, 2012; Nosen & Woody, 2009). However, the differences between current and former smokers with regards to AS and craving appraisals have yet to be examined. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the metacognitive differences between current and former smokers. Ninety current and former (recent quitters and long-term quitters) smokers completed measures of dysfunctional metacognitions, craving appraisals, obsessive-compulsive smoking behaviors, anxiety sensitivity, and negative affect. Current smokers scored higher than long-term quitters on many of these constructs, while mixed results were observed for the differences between recent quitters and current smokers, and recent quitters and long-term quitters. Negative affect was found to account for many of these differences, but did not account for the differences between current smokers and recent quitters, and between current smokers and long-term quitters, with regards to obsessive-compulsive smoking. The differences between recent quitters and long-term quitters on beliefs about responsibility for harm and perfectionism/intolerance of uncertainty also remained significant after controlling for negative affect.
Long range coherent magnetic bound states in superconductors
Creators: name: Ménard, Gerbold C.
name: Guissart, Sébastien
name: Brun, Christophe
name: Pons, Stéphane
name: Stolyarov, Vasily S.
name: Debontridder, François
name: Leclerc, Matthieu V.
name: Janod, Etienne
name: Cario, Laurent
name: Roditchev, Dimitri
name: Simon, Pascal
name: Cren, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum coherent coupling of completely different degrees of freedom is a challenging path towards creating new functionalities for quantum electronics. Usually the antagonistic coupling between spins of magnetic impurities and superconductivity leads to the destruction of the superconducting order. Here we show that a localized classical spin of an iron atom immersed in a superconducting condensate can give rise to new kind of long range coherent magnetic quantum state. In addition to the well-known Shiba bound state present on top of an impurity we reveal the existence of a star shaped pattern which extends as far as 12 nm from the impurity location. This large spatial dispersion turns out to be related, in a non-trivial way, to the superconducting coherence length. Inside star branches we observed short scale interference fringes with a particle-hole asymmetry. Our theoretical approach captures these features and relates them to the electronic band structure and the Fermi wave length of the superconductor. The discovery of a directional long range effect implies that distant magnetic atoms could coherently interact leading to new topological superconducting phases with fascinating properties.
Systematics in the metal-insulator transition temperatures in vanadium oxides
Creators: name: Fisher, B.
name: Genossar, J.
name: Reisner, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nine of the known vanadium oxides, VO$_{2-1/n}$ (n - a positive or negative integer) with n=2 - 6, 8, 9, $\infty$ and -6, undergo metal-insulator transitions accompanied by structural transitions, at various temperatures T$_{MIT}$ (V$_7$O$_{13}$ is metallic above T=0). Among the persistent efforts to determine the driving force(s) of these transitions, electron-electron (Mott-like) and electron-phonon (Peierls-like) interactions, there were several attempts to find systematics in T$_{MIT}$ as function of n. Here we present an unexpectedly simple and illuminating systematics that holds for positive n: if T$_{MIT}$ is the absolute value of the difference between T$_M$(n) and T$_P$(n), which represent the contributions of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, respectively, all data points of T$_M$-T$_P$ versus 1/n lie on, or close to, two simple straight lines; one is T$_M$-T$_P$= T$_{\infty}$(7/n-1) for V$_3$O$_5$, V$_4$O$_7$, V$_5$O$_9$, V$_7$O$_{13}$, V$_8$O$_{15}$, V$_9$O$_{17}$ and VO$_2$ and the other is T$_M$-T$_P$= T$_{\infty}$(3/n-1) for V$_2$O$_3$, V$_6$O$_{11}$ and VO$_2$.
description: Accepted for publication in Solid State Communication
The Form of Even Perfect Numbers-- an Independent Derivation
Creators: name: Basu, Nirmalya
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: derivation
subject: even
subject: even perfect number
subject: number
subject: odd
subject: perfect
subject: perfect number
subject: prime
subject: proof

description: Here, I present my own, independently pursued, derivation of the general form of even perfect numbers.
Measurement of the inelastic cross section in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inelastic hadronic cross section in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.6 +/- 0.4 inverse nanobarns, has been collected with an unbiased trigger for inclusive particle production. The cross section is obtained from the measured number of proton-lead collisions with hadronic activity produced in the pseudorapidity ranges 3 < eta < 5 and/or -5 < eta < -3, corrected for photon-induced contributions, experimental acceptance, and other instrumental effects. The inelastic cross section is measured to be sigma[inel,pPb] = 2061 +/- 3 (stat) +/- 34 (syst) +/- 72 (lum) mb. Various Monte Carlo generators, commonly used in heavy ion and cosmic ray physics, are found to reproduce the data within uncertainties. The value of sigma[inel,pPb] is compatible with that expected from the proton-proton cross section at 5.02 TeV scaled up within a simple Glauber approach to account for multiple scatterings in the lead nucleus, indicating that further net nuclear corrections are small.
description: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI. All figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/FSQ-13-006/index.html
The Broad Autism Phenotype: Birth Order as it Relates to Pragmatic Language and Self-Competence in Siblings
Creators: name: Griffin, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: One in 68 children in the United States were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in 2014
(CDC, 2014). This is a 55% increase from 2002, in which 1 in 150 children in the U.S. were
diagnosed. Using U.S. census data, this means that around 300,000 parents and siblings are living with
the challenge of raising and growing up alongside a child with autism. This study delves into the
sibling experience, examining birth order as it relates to pragmatic language functioning and self-competence
in typically developing siblings of children with autism. There was no effect of birth order
on the pragmatic language subset of the BAPQ; however, there was a significant negative correlation
between pragmatic language scores, where higher scores indicate lower pragmatic function, and
parent-reported scores of their typically-developing child’s self-competence. Together, these findings
suggest that typically-developing siblings who don’t use social language as proficiently as other
children may have lower levels of self-competence and be targeted for increased support.
Insertion of Transgene arIs92 Promotes Progressive Sterility in C. elegans Strain GS3582
Creators: name: Xiang, Ting Wei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Organismal aging can be caused by epigenetic changes whose ultimate cause is various
types of stress. Caenohabdtis elegans offers several advantages as a model organism for the
study of the effect of epigenetic alterations on aging. With evolutionary conservation of basic
genes that control development, C. elegans has already provided valuable insight into the genetic
basis of age-related diseases in humans. Progressive sterility in C. elegans is the result of
germline apoptosis from genomic or epigenomic stresses. In wild type C. elegans, the germline
is an immortal cell lineage that is passed and maintained from generation to generation. A
particular strain of C. elegans mutants, strain GS3582, which possesses an integrated transgene
arIs92, causes progressive sterility. It is not known whether the transgene is the cause of the
sterility phenotype. This study aimed to classify whether the key genetic lesion in GS3582
belongs to the signaling pathway of Piwi mutant prg-1 or that of the nuclear RNAi defective
mutant nrde-1. prg-1 and nrde-1 are two related, but distinct, mutant types that result in an
epigenomic transgenerational sterility phenotype. Double mutant analysis, as well as high
resolution fluorescence microscopy, was performed to show that strain GS3582 is related to, but
not identical, to prg-1 mutants. It was found that co-suppression, or silencing of high copy
number germline genes, contributes to the transgenerational sterility of GS3582. We attenuated
co-suppression with a loss-of-function allele of mut-7, and found that combining the GS3582
background and a mut-7 allele had a strong synthetic effect on sterility. This implies that co-suppression
represses the epigenomic toxicity of GS3582. The findings from this study could
contribute to the understanding of germline maintenance in C. elegans and further influence the
study of aging regulation in humans.
Simple model of the slingshot effect
Creators: name: Fiore, Gaetano
name: De Nicola, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Qxx, 76Wxx, 82D10

description: We present a detailed quantitative description of the recently proposed "slingshot effect" [Fiore, Fedele, De angelis 2014]. Namely, we determine a broad range of conditions under which the impact of a very short and intense laser pulse normally onto a low-density plasma (or matter to be locally completely ionized into a plasma by the pulse) causes the expulsion of a bunch of surface electrons in the direction opposite to the one of propagation of the pulse, and the detailed, ready-for-experiments features of the expelled electrons (energy spectrum, collimation, etc). The effect is due to the combined actions of the ponderomotive force and the huge longitudinal field arising from charge separation. Our predictions are based on estimating 3D corrections to a simple, yet powerful plane magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model where the equations to be solved are reduced to a system of Hamilton equations in one dimension (or a collection of) which become autonomous after the pulse has overcome the electrons. Experimental tests seem to be at hand. If confirmed by the latter, the effect would provide a new extraction and acceleration mechanism for electrons, alternative to traditional radio-frequency-based or Laser-Wake-Field ones.
description: Revtex4.1 file, 14 pages, 10 figures, one table. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. Acc. Beams. The title has slightly changed to match to the one decided by the editor
Henry's Holy War: Joban Rebellion in John Berryman's The Dream Songs
Creators: name: Butler, James Robert, III
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This essay will be divided into five parts. It first discusses Berryman’s epigraphs in relation to the themes and message of the work and his thematic incorporation of the Biblical Book of Job in 77 Dream Songs, positing that the volume positions Henry’s spiritual development as a reaction to the Joban predicament. It then proceeds sequentially through His Toy, His Dream, His Rest to demonstrate Henry’s move toward rebellion and dissent.
Photon spheres in Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theories and circular null geodesics in axially-symmetric spacetimes
Creators: name: Gallo, Emanuel
name: Villanueva, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we extend a recent theorem proven by Hod (Phys. Lett. B, {\bf 727}, 345--348, 2013) to $n$-dimensional Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theories, which gives an upper bound for the photon sphere radii of spherically symmetric black holes. As applications of these results we give a universal upper bound for the real part of quasinormal modes in the WKB limit and a universal lower bound for the position of the first relativistic image in the strong lensing regime produced by these type of black holes. For the axially-symmetric case, we also make some general comments (independent of the underlying gravitational theory) on the relation between circular null geodesics and the fastest way to circle a black hole.
description: In this post-publisher version two typos were corrected: the signature of the metric in eq.(1) and a factor in eq.(102). We thanks Gary Gibbons and Chris Pope for bringing to our attention these typos
Transit Accessibility's Impact on Community Composition: a Study of Changing Demographics and Housing Markets Proximate to Rapid Transit
Creators: name: Henry, Wilson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This paper attempts to determine if transit accessibility can be connected to gentrification, i.e. whether communities experienced gentrification following the introduction of transit. The State of California has designated four communities surround Metro stations as TOD: the Gateway Plaza-Union Metro Station in Los Angeles, the Holly Street Village-Memorial Park Metro Station in Pasadena, the Hollywood-Highland Metro Station in Los Angeles, and the Wrigley Marketplace-Willow Metro Station in Long Beach. Rather than limiting research to four transit stations, this paper focuses its analysis in Los Angeles County along LA Metro Rail’s four lines which opened prior to 2010. For the purposes of this study, TOD is defined as the block groups within a one-mile, walkable service area from transit stations.
Geometry of $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{R}$-semi-invariant warped product submanifolds in paracosymplectic manifold
Creators: name: Srivastava, S. K.
name: Sharma, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B25, 53B30, 53C25, 53D15

description: The purpose of this paper is to study $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{R}$-semi-invariant warped product submanifolds of a paracosymplectic manifold $\widetilde{M}$. We prove that the distributions associated with the definition of $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{R}$-semi-invariant warped product submanifold $M$ are always integrable. A necessary and sufficient condition for an isometrically immersed $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{R}$-semi-invariant submanifold of $\widetilde{M}$ to be a $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{R}$-semi-invariant warped product submanifold is obtained in terms of the shape operator.
description: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1510.02044
Puella, Meretrix, Matrona? The Lexicon of Fertility and the Confusion of Women's Social Classes in Ovid's Love Poetry
Creators: name: Hines, Caitlin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Stephen Hinds has demonstrated, through analysis of the deeply intertextual relationship
between Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Tristia, that Ovid’s works communicate with each other,
containing references both explicit and structural that resonate between the texts, often on an extremely
subtle level. In similar fashion, Carole Newland’s intratextual reading of the Fasti reveals
the extent to which such resonances can exist also within a single Ovidian text. Reading
within and between the Amores and the Ars amatoria requires an integration of these two approaches—
intertext and intratext—because, although they are distinct works, the elegiac speaker
indicates that the two texts are narrated by a single persona. If we accept that the praeceptor is an
older, if not necessarily wiser, version of the amator, we can enrich our reading of both texts as
an articulation of the experiences and attitudes of a single elegiac poet-lover.
Anticorrosion properties of silica-based sol-gel coatings on steel -- the influence of hydrolysis and condensation conditions
Creators: name: Gasiorek, Jolanta
name: Gasiorek, Anna
name: Babiarczuk, Bartosz
name: Jones, Walis
name: Simka, Wojciech
name: Detyna, Jerzy
name: Kaleta, Jerzy
name: Krzak, Justyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present indirect methods to define the change in the rates of hydrolysis and condensation reactions of a silica oxide network formed of (3-glycidoxypropyl)methyltriethoxysilane (GPTMS) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (ApTEOS), which was strongly dependent upon the nature of the solvent used in the reaction environment, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and acetone. Electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB), and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology and structure changes. UV-VIS spectrometry, a wettability test, a scratch test and electrochemical tests, namely Tafel's polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were used to analyze the functional changes in the obtained silica coatings. The coating synthesized in a methanol environment showed a polarization resistance (Rp) almost an order of magnitude greater than those synthesized in the other organic solvents. The greatest thickness, nearly 1.5 um, was obtained with the ethanol based coatings. Almost twice as much force (near 11 N) was required to detach the acetone based coatings, compared to the other coatings. Propanol and butanol contribute to the defects created and the decreased protection properties in the final materials and show a statistically significant influence on the formed corrosion film under sol-gel coatings, particularly for coatings based on propanol. No statistically significant influence of the solvents was observed on the thickness of coatings prepared with butanol or acetone.
description: 37 pages, 14 figures