cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From Cybernetics to Systems Theory in the First Space Age
Creators: name: Girard, Christian
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: The first space age offers a remarkable context to scrutinise the inverse fates of cybernetics and systems theory in the 1960–70s, the latter taking the place of the former thanks to its operational effectiveness. Both fields appeared to tackle the pilot problem head-on, either to shoot a pilot down (cybernetics in World War II) – or to send some to the moon and back (systems engineering and management in the Apollo programme). The study of three US institutions (TRW, SDC and NASA) demonstrates an intense alliance between them, with a persistent focus on the issues of automation and systems thinking. A selection of written documents produced by each entity shows with utmost clarity their high degree of involvement in a post-cybernetics systemic approach. Incidentally, those analyses also show how the differences and similarities between old space and new space reveal themselves in light of the pilot problem. Overall, the pilot’s role reconfigured the man/machine assemblage as much as the pilot was reconfigured by that assemblage, with the critical assistance of computation.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
Five Points Towards an Architecture In-Formation
Creators: name: Kousoulas, Stavros
name: Perera, Dulmini
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: While there have been significant discussions about the relevance of cybernetics within architectural and urban studies, the focus has mainly been on computing and digital practices. Since its emergence in the post-war period, cybernetics – in both its first and second-order versions – has introduced to architectural discourse systematic design methods and practices, while also tackling issues of reflexivity and complex problems. In this introduction, we examine the relation between cybernetics and architecture by focusing on a problem they both share. To this end, we approach cybernetics as the study of the production, consumption and flow of information, an account that has little to do with digital logics, unless one wants to pursue that special case. Therefore, cyberneticisation can set the foundations for a relational account that examines how signs are communicated and how meaning is produced and experienced within systems. This third-order cybernetics extends beyond the original scope of living organisms and their environments in order to include ecologies of ideas, power, institutions, media and so on. In this sense, cyberneticisation is radically environmental, positing the primacy of relations over fixed terms, binary oppositions and linear logics, making it high time for architectural and urban studies to take into consideration its ground-breaking potentials. By introducing five short points on the relation between architecture and cybernetics, we aim to assist in this endeavour.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
The Dialogical, The Ecological and Beyond
Creators: name: Goodbun, Jon
name: Sweeting, Ben
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: In this article Jon Goodbun and Ben Sweeting engage in a conversation about design and its complex relation to communication. They look at the role of dialogue, the dialogical (signifying signs), and the limitations of the dialogical as one considers contemporary processes of cybernetisation and how “asignifying signs” are produced and exchanged within complex systems of all kinds. Prompted by the opening question referring to cybernetics as a general study of information processes, focusing on the production, exchange, and consumption of meaning, not limited to a focus on digital logic, Goodbun and Sweeting revisit a plethora of positions on dialogue including those of Gordon Pask, Gregory Bateson, Ranulph Glanville, David Bohm among others. In so doing, they make clear certain semantic confusions related to terms such as communication vs. conversation, dialogue vs. discussion, and analogue vs. digital, and provide a richer understanding of why these semantic revisions are necessary for the context of everyday design practice. Using examples from their own research and teaching work, they point towards models where an alternative approach to communication that critically acknowledges the complications related to “asignifying signs” can help designers grapple with the ecological crisis in the contexts of politics, research, and education.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
Cooked Air
Creators: name: Galvez, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Since 1996, ASHRAE Standard 62.2 has provided guidelines for residential ventilation. As ventilation becomes increasingly scientised, quantifiable, and reliant on hyper-specific equipment, technical literacy on ventilation has narrowed. The relationship between architecture, inhabitants and air management has become increasingly reliant on ventilation standards, in turn increasing reliance on technical specialists, and creating a gap in ventilation knowledge. Through an examination of ASHRAE Standard 62.2, this essay asks why is it that, as ventilation processes become increasingly measurable, there is an equal tendency to reverse awareness in relation to the human sensation, when the standard itself underlines the reality of both phenomenal and intellectual knowledge towards air quality assessment. Furthermore, if architecture’s domain centres on formal, aesthetic, and material logics, is an expanded literacy on air management necessary to address mechanical equipment within an architectural domain?
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery and Sleep Disordered Breathing Outcomes
Creators: name: Scherer, Jason
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Surgery
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Study Objectives: To assess whether patients with class III malocclusions who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (BOS) are at an increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or a reduction in sleep-related quality of life compared to class III patients treated with orthodontics alone. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to class III patients who had BOS and a matched control group of class III patients previously treated with orthodontics alone. Subjects were asked to complete the Berlin Questionnaire to assess OSA risk and the Functional Outcomes of Sleep-10 (FOSQ-10) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess sleep-related quality of life. Results: 78 subjects in the BOS group responded (29.77% response rate) and 24 subjects in the control group responded (13.71% response rate). Compared to the control group, the surgery group was significantly older, had longer follow-up times, and had more Caucasians. There was no significant difference between the surgery and orthodontic-only groups in their responses to the Berlin Questionnaire or the FOSQ-10. According to the Berlin Questionnaire, 8.97% of the surgery group was at high risk for OSA. The median total FOSQ-10 score for the surgery group and the orthodontic-only group was 18.27 and 18.13, respectively. The surgery group had a significantly lower ESS score of 6.30 compared to the orthodontic-only group score of 6.88. These findings compared favorably with scores for healthy individuals. Conclusions: Patients receiving BOS for the correction of class III malocclusions are at no greater risk for OSA and/or reduction in sleep-related quality of life compared to Class III patients treated with orthodontics alone.
Perturbative Unitarity Bounds in Composite 2-Higgs Doublet Models
Creators: name: De Curtis, Stefania
name: Moretti, Stefano
name: Yagyu, Kei
name: Yildirim, Emine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bounds from perturbative unitarity in a Composite 2-Higgs Doublet Model (C2HDM) based on the spontaneous breakdown of a global symmetry $SO(6)\to SO(4)\times SO(2)$ at the compositeness scale $f$. The eight pseudo Nambu-Goldstone Bosons (pNGBs) emerging from such a dynamics are identified as two isospin doublet Higgs fields. We calculate the $S$-wave amplitude for all possible 2-to-2-body elastic (pseudo)scalar boson scatterings at energy scales $\sqrt{s}$ reachable at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and beyond it, including the longitudinal components of weak gauge boson states as the corresponding pNGB states. In our calculation, the Higgs potential is assumed to have the same form as that in the Elementary 2-Higgs Doublet Model (E2HDM) with a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry, which is expected to be generated at the one-loop level via the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) mechanism. We find that the $S$-wave amplitude matrix can be block-diagonalized with maximally $2\times 2$ submatrices in a way similar to the E2HDM case as long as we only keep the contributions from ${\cal O }(ξs)$ and ${\cal O }(ξ^0 s^0)$ in the amplitudes, where $ξ=v_{\text{SM}}^2/f^2$ and $v_{\text{SM}}^{}\simeq 246$ GeV, which is an appropriate approximation for our analysis. By requiring the C2HDM to satisfy perturbative unitarity at energies reachable by the LHC, we derive bounds on its parameters such as $ξ$ and the masses of extra Higgs bosons present in the scenario alongside the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs state discovered in 2012.
description: Version accepted for publication in PRD
From Cybernetics to an Architecture of Ecology
Creators: name: Herdt, Tanja
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: This article discusses the impact of systems thinking and cybernetics on architectural design by examining the example of the Inter-Action Centre (1970–1977) of British architect Cedric Price. The centre reflects Price’s view of architecture as part of an extensive social and environmental system, or ecology, that influences the inhabitants’ mutual interactions and their relationship with their physical surroundings. Emphasising the link between material resources, technology and individual action, the project design implied a change both in the understanding of architecture and the architect’s role: from the designer of present-day artifacts to the designer of system interventions. Influenced by the cybernetician Gordon Pask, the systems theorist Buckminster Fuller, and the biologist and town planner Patrick Geddes, Price developed a relational approach in which architecture functions as an instrument of change within a larger system such as the city, neighbourhood or region. Following this approach, space was no longer perceived merely as a container but as the product of social interactions. Accordingly, the architect’s work represents a fundamental change in the conception of space in the arts and sciences during the 1970s, which is essential for understanding today’s design and planning practice.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
Jacobi's Inversion Problem for Genus Two Hyperelliptic Integral
Creators: name: Shigemoto, Kazuyasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hinted by the elliptic parameterization of the Ising model, the addition formula of the elliptic function forms to give the integrable SU(2) group relation in the previous paper. We then expect that the addition formula of the Abelian function with any genus will form to give some integrable Lie group structure. In this paper, we study Jacobi's inversion problem for hyperelliptic integral with genus two and we expect some SU(2) structure for the addition formula of the hyperelliptic theta function with genus two.
description: 45 pages
Automation and the City
Creators: name: Giannakopoulou Karamouzi, Iris
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: From 1959 to 1974, Constant Anton Nieuwenhuys developed New Babylon, a speculative city for a future society in which automation would free human life to dedicate itself to creativity, collectivity and play. This essay examines Constant’s thinking about automation and the city. Departing from Constant’s own writings, it argues that automation was not only an economic premise but also, and more importantly, a creative condition of future urban environments. As such it required a re-conceptualisation of the collective habitat. Constant’s vision, a critique of functionalist modern urbanism, imagined the city as a ‘complete environment’, part of an extended and dynamic activity that involved its inhabitants. The speculative framework of this essay wishes to situate New Babylon within the broader discourses of automation and cybernetics that dominated the cultural and scientific arena of the post-war period in the United States and Europe, as well as within the diverse genealogies and theoretical entanglements of these terrains.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
Systems and Relations All the Way Down, All the Way Across
Creators: name: Gough, Tim
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: This article proposes a hyper-relational theory of the world, conjoining cybernetics, information theory, general systems theory, the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari and quantum physics in order to show that systems and relations go all the way down, all the way across. I give an exposition of Shannon’s information theory, and draw connections with quantum mechanics. The work of Bertalanffy is discussed and its relationship to philosophy and quantum mechanics outlined. I then critique the naïve, realist account of reality; what is proposed in its place is a hyper-relational ontology whereby entities (being) are epiphenomena of relations (becoming). The implications of this ontology in relation to architecture are discussed by contrasting it with, on the one hand, a hylomorphic approach to the essence of architecture (which foregrounds entities) and, on the other, a hermeneutic approach (which foregrounds meaning). Buildings are epiphenomena of broader political, interpersonal, ecological and essentially relational matters, assemblages, systems and interplays, and this hyper-relationality is the ontology of architecture.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
Architecture as Information Machine
Creators: name: Hammoudi, Tewfik
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Architecture has always been dealing with machines. Differently but constantly. At the middle of the last century, new kind of machine and its science have emerged: Cybernetics and Information Machine. Architectural theory and practice displayed great interest in these new paradigms and produced some design experimentations and essays but it seems like these scientific and technological results call for recasting the architectural foundations. Not only to figure out how to design new or complex architectural forms but to attempt replaying to the question, “what is form?” then to contribute to the understandability of all kinds of forms —not only architectural or urban forms, but all the forms involved in the built environment— and to link or “translate” one form into another. Such transversal view might renew not only our reading of the past and current built environment but also our manner to interact and to shape it. What if, in contrary to the other former machines, the Information Machine is neither to be represented, nor to be imitated but to be actualized, or better to be modeled?
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
Non-spectral modes and how to find them in the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with white μ-stable noise
Creators: name: Thiel, F.
name: Sokolov, I. M.
name: Postnikov, E. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a broad initial probability distribution (Levy distribution), which exhibits so-called non-spectral modes. The relaxation of such modes differs from those determined from the parameters of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. The first non-spectral mode is shown to govern the relaxation process and allows for estimation of the initial distribution's Levy index. A method based on continuous wavelet transformation is proposed to extract both (spectral and non-spectral) relaxation rates from a stochastic data sample.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
A Preferential Attachment Process Approaching the Rado Graph
Creators: name: Elwes, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C80

description: We consider a simple Preferential Attachment graph process, which begins with a finite graph, and in which a new $(t+1)$st vertex is added at each subsequent time step $t$, and connected to each previous vertex $u \leq t$ with probability $\frac{d_u(t)}{t}$ where $d_u(t)$ is the degree of $u$ at time $t$. We analyse the graph obtained as the infinite limit of this process, and show that so long as the initial finite graph is neither edgeless nor complete, with probability 1 the outcome will be a copy of the Rado graph augmented with a finite number of either isolated or universal vertices.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1502.05618
One Map, Multiple Legends
Creators: name: Roei, Noa
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Abstract This paper investigates the blurred borders between civilian and military ways of envisioning, experiencing and mediating space in the context of Israel political geography. It does so by way of a close reading of Detroit, a short video work by Amir Yatziv where the construction plans of an urban combat training facility in the Israeli desert are the focus of attention (2009). Taking Detroitas a point of departure, I will present a number of works of art that address the phenomenon in which a military-inflected construction of space yields material and cognitive consequences, naturalising the military’s status as the guiding principle of daily life. Within this sub-genre of critical city- and landscape imagery in Israeli art, Yatziv’s work stands out as it turns the focus from the land itself towards its mediation. This approach, I argue, is highly productive for critical anti-military visual projects, as it directs attention towards those who code and decode urban military landscapes, and highlights the fact that while the borders between military and civilian mediations of space may be blurred, they are not lost just yet. Keywords: Social geography; critical cartography; Israeli art; militarism, Israel-Palestine; simulacrum, maps and mapping.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Issue # 27 | Autumn / Winter 2020 | Conflict Mediations
Global well-posedness of advective Lotka-Volterra competition systems with nonlinear diffusion
Creators: name: Wang, Qi
name: Yang, Jingyue
name: Yu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper investigates the global well-posedness of a class of reaction-advection-diffusion models with nonlinear diffusion and Lotka-Volterra dynamics. We prove the existence and uniform boundedness of the global-in-time solutions to the fully parabolic systems under certain growth conditions on the diffusion and sensitivity functions. Global existence and uniform boundedness of the corresponding parabolic-elliptic system are also obtained. Our results suggest that attraction (positive taxis) inhibits blowups in Lotka-Volterra competition systems.
Isogeometric shape optimisation of shell structures using multiresolution subdivision surfaces
Creators: name: Bandara, Kosala
name: Cirak, Fehmi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the isogeometric shape optimisation of thin shell structures using subdivision surfaces. Both triangular Loop and quadrilateral Catmull-Clark subdivision schemes are considered for geometry modelling and finite element analysis. A gradient-based shape optimisation technique is implemented to minimise compliance, i.e. to maximise stiffness. Different control meshes describing the same surface are used for geometry representation, optimisation and finite element analysis. The finite element analysis is performed with subdivision basis functions corresponding to a sufficiently refined control mesh. During iterative shape optimisation the geometry is updated starting from the coarsest control mesh and proceeding to increasingly finer control meshes. This multiresolution approach provides a means for regularising the optimisation problem and prevents the appearance of sub-optimal jagged geometries with fine-scale oscillations. The finest control mesh for optimisation is chosen in accordance with the desired smallest feature size in the optimised geometry. The proposed approach is applied to three optimisation examples, namely a catenary, a roof over a rectangular domain and a freeform architectural shell roof. The influence of the geometry description and the used subdivision scheme on the obtained optimised curved geometries is investigated in detail.
Healthcare reform in the United States: why structures matter
Creators: name: Booth, Amara Jocelin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In 2008, the year Barack Obama was elected President, nearly fifty million people in the United States did not have health insurance. Of those who did, 102 million had plans which covered neither their illnesses, nor the medications they needed, sufficiently. Many of the people who did have coverage became aware of the limits of their policy only after they became sick and were told by their insurance company that their condition would not be covered. Soon after his inauguration, President Obama made clear that reform of the healthcare system would be a key legislative priority for his administration. Other Presidents before him had attempted such reform, and each time, they had come up short. Their failure was, in large part, due to the structural and institutional composition of the United States, which presents formidable obstacles to those attempting to overhaul the system. This paper explores the uniquely American experience with healthcare, focusing on the institutional and structural impediments reformers have faced on the road to reform.
On 5-manifolds admitting rank two distributions of Cartan type
Creators: name: Dave, Shantanu
name: Haller, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 58A30, Secondary 58J20, 53A40, 53C23, 53C27

description: We consider the question whether an orientable 5-manifold can be equipped with a rank two distribution of Cartan type and what 2-plane bundles can be realized. We obtain a complete answer for open manifolds. In the closed case, we settle the topological part of this problem and present partial results concerning its geometric aspects and new examples.
description: v3: accepted manuscript, added journal reference, DOI, and secondary MSC classification. v2: results unchanged; no substantial changes; minor modifications (typos; additional references; a paragraph on existence of Engel structures in the introduction; a remark on the simply connected case below Theorem 1; more comments at the beginning of Section 4)
Media Ecologies of the ‘Extractive View’
Creators: name: Önal, Gökçe
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Abstract Extraction displaces materials and reorganises habitats by accumulating resources – a process that renders populations and natural reserves as extractable data to be mobilised in systems of metabolic exchange. In contemporary practice, collecting, sorting, and processing this data require a complex interoperability between sensors, computing platforms, and databases before they are made into earth observation images. Following the scholarly research on the instrumentality of aerial survey in histories of extractive colonialism, this essay sheds light on the extractive capacity of remote sensing technologies in contemporary mining industries. Engaging with the media infrastructures of resource exploration, the inquiry revisits Heidi Scott’s theory of ‘colonialism’s vertical third dimension’ and extends it from the physical to the sensory, numerical, and temporal domains of extractivism. After Sean Cubitt’s classification of mediated earth observation, the three geomedia, the discussion is organised in three parts: electromagnetic sensing, numerical translations, and financial futures. A media-archaeological analysis of earth observation systems brings forth the extractive codes of the remote view by revealing its selective, vectoral, and speculative capacities in tapping the earth and ordering its resources into materials of exchange. Keywords: extractive view, mining industries, remote sensing, geomedia, digital image, aerial surveillance, urbanisation, datafication
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Issue # 27 | Autumn / Winter 2020 | Conflict Mediations
Faddeev-Jackiw Hamiltonian Reduction for Free and Gauged Rarita-Schwinger Theories
Creators: name: Dengiz, Suat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Faddeev-Jackiw symplectic Hamiltonian reduction for 3+1-dimensional free and Abelian gauged Rarita-Schwinger theories that comprise Grassmannian fermionic fields. We obtain the relevant fundamental brackets and find that they are in convenient forms for quantization. The brackets are independent of whether the theories contain mass or gauge fields, and the structure of constraints and symplectic potentials largely determine characteristic behaviors of the theories. We also note that, in contrast to the free massive theory, the Dirac field equations for free massless Rarita-Schwinger theory cannot be obtained in a covariant way.
description: 17 pages, minor corrections made, reference and appendix added, discussions amplified
D3.3 Comprehensive Report on Local MML Workshops (Phase Two)
Creators: name: D'Andrea, Alessia
name: Ferri, Fernando
name: Grifoni, Patrizia
name: Et Al.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: The purpose of the Deliverable 3.3 is to provide a comprehensive description of the 20 Local Mobilization and Mutual Learning (MML) workshops, which have been organized by the MARINA partners and associated partners in the context of the second round of MML workshops and have taken place between January and March 2018. The following eleven European Member States hosted the workshops: Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain; and Turkey. The MML workshops constitute an integral element of the MARINA project for federating communities in familiarizing and adapting Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in the marine sectors. The workshops engaged a multidisciplinary group of participants including citizens, researchers, business people and policymakers in an attempt to identify actions and solutions towards current and emerging marine and societal challenges. The workshop results, together with the results of other MARINA workshops across Europe, will be:  Freely accessible on the MARINA Knowledge Sharing Platform for anyone interested in marine and coastal issues and RRI;  Shared with other collaborative projects and likeminded initiatives;  Presented and discussed at related marine and RRI national and international events;  Taken forward to shape the next steps of the project and to inform future policy and research;  Reported to the European Commission.
title: Effect of Sinuosity Variation on Flow Characteristics of Sand Mined Sinuous Channel Using Numerical Modeling
Creators: name: Maurya, O. P.
name: Nandi, K. K.
name: Modalavalasa, S.
name: Dutta, S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Anthropogenic activities within the river corridor can have a long-term influence on river health if not managed effectively. Uncontrolled practices of sand mining, a common but aggressive activity can cause severe river bed degradation and, as a result, river incisions, lateral channel instability, and bed armoring. This can further affect the downstream structure such as the bridge pier as well as the morphology of the river. The purpose of this study is to examine, with the help of a numerical model, the impact of a mining pit on the downstream pier and the main channel hydrodynamics if it is present on the flood plain of a sinuous channel. To carry out the study we have considered a meandering channel with two different sinuousness (1.1, 1.25). Additionally, a rectangular mining pit and a downstream circular bridge pier were considered on the flood plains of the channel. The numerical model used for the study was Flow 3D HYDRO with the renormalized group turbulence solver (RNG). As sinuosity increases, the highest zone of streamwise velocity narrows near the mining pit and widens out just downstream of the bridge pier, according to the findings. Near the sand mining pit, the shear layer zone shifted towards the main channel from the near bank. The secondary current at the outer bank near the mining pit is more concentrated in both cases. The channel having more sinuosity has shown a significant change in turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) as compared to the other channel. Additionally, this study can provide insight into the morphodynamics of meandering rivers under different in-channel disturbance conditions and thus be helpful in the proper planning and management of river health.
Solenoidal attractors with bounded combinatorics are shy
Creators: name: Smania, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37E20, 37F25, 37C20, 37D20, 37E20, 37L45

description: We show that in a generic finite-dimensional real-analytic family of real-analytic multimodal maps, the subset of parameters on which the corresponding map has a solenoidal attractor with bounded combinatorics is a set with zero Lebesgue measure.
description: 66 pages, 3 figures
title: CFD-Based Modeling for Computing Discharge Coefficient of an Ogee Spillway
Creators: name: Gautam, Hariom
name: Ahmad, Zulfequar
name: Sharma, Pramod Kumar
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: The basic functionality of the spillway is to control the flow and safely convey the excess flow while keeping the structure stable. An ogee spillway is commonly used due to its high discharging capacity. The discharge coefficient of an ogee spillway is greatly affected by the ratio of an operating head and design head. Since physical models are expensive and have limitations in terms of scale effect, a comprehensive numerical simulation was performed in this study to estimate the discharge coefficient for an ogee spillway under various head ratios using CFD-based numerical modeling. The numerical simulations were done using FLOW-3D. In the present study, renormalized group (RNG) �� − �� turbulence closure model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) algorithm were used for the simulation of flow over an ogee spillway. The discharge coefficient of the ogee spillway computed using CFD simulation for various head ratios shows a reasonable agreement with the values reported in the literature. Also, the water surface profiles, pressure distribution, discharge rating curve, and velocity distribution over the ogee spillway for the different heads were plotted and analyzed.
Place-NeRFs
Publisher: name: IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2025

description: We present the Place-NeRFs, a scalable approach to large-scale 3D scene reconstruction that subdivides scenes into non-overlapping regions that can be handled by off-the-shelf NeRF models, striking a balance between reconstruction quality and efficient use of computational resources. By leveraging rough single-view depth estimation and visibility graphs, Place-NeRFs effectively groups spatially correlated photospheres, enabling independent volumetric reconstructions. This approach significantly reduces processing time and enhances scalability during NeRF models' training. Experiments on large-scale industrial scenarios, including sparse, complex, and non-uniform spread of views, showcase the efficiency of this method in the face of diverse challenges.
In the Midst of the Revolution
Creators: name: Robbers, Lutz
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Abstract The purpose of this essay is to explore the political agency of the rond-point, an element of infrastructural design which, since the 1980s, has become a ubiquitous feature of urban planning across the French territoire. Doesn’t the fact that the gilets jaunesseem to choose the peripheral roundabouts as their preferred sites of political contestation – while ignoring the square in the town centre – attest to a proverbial political unconscious? What makes the centres of the roundabouts amidst the informal peri-urban space such attractive mediators for the political causes of the gilets jaunes? The fact that thousands of yellow vests perseveringly chose to assemble at or on roundabouts requires us to come up with alternative ways of thinking the spatial settings for the appearance, the representation and the practice of ‘the political’, the res publicaor public matter. Keywords Architectural theory, political theory, contention, infrastructure
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Issue # 27 | Autumn / Winter 2020 | Conflict Mediations
光强法测速实验
Creators: name: Wang, Fei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other physical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Due to the fact that the movement of the light source has no effect on the speed of light, but the change in distance from the light source can affect the intensity of the light signal, the author believes that detectors that move and remain stationary before and after the light source can obtain different light intensity signals, while detectors that move at the same speed before and after the light source can obtain opposite changes in signal intensity. Therefore, The author believes that detectors that move at the same speed as the light source can measure their own motion speed through changes in light intensity. 由于光源运动对光速没有影响，但与光源的距离变化却能影响光信号的强度，因此，笔者相信，在光源前后运动与静止的探测器，可以得到不同的光强信号，而光源前后同速运动的探测器，得到的信号强度增减变化就正好相反，因此，笔者认为与光源同速运动的探测器可以通过光强变化测量自身的运动速度。
On Targets
Creators: name: CLUI, The Center For Land Use Interpretation
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Impact range targets in military training areas can be square, triangular, rectangular, circular, and linear. Some are designed to look like other things, like airbases, villages, convoys, industrial areas, surface-to-air missile sites, and are built out of old airoplanes, trucks, tanks, cars, buses, boats, tires, mounds of earth, and empty shipping containers. Some are meant to be bombed or strafed physically, others electronically. The most focused type of target at these ranges, the classic target you might say, is circular, like a bullseye. Its simple geometric embrace of space defines a periphery, and centre. Though largely two-dimensional when seen from above, shown as a gallery they have a cosmological air, whether a planetary hard mass pulled in by gravity, or a solar gas in a sustained continuous explosion. The tension between being drawn inwards, toward the ground, and exploding outwards, is in equilibrium. Some people say that these days everything is a target. These, however, undoubtedly are, and they are out there for the world to see, through internet-based satellite imagery providers like Google Earth. Like framed photographs on the wall, they narrow our attention, and ask us to overlook everything else.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Issue # 27 | Autumn / Winter 2020 | Conflict Mediations
The Perfect Marriage and Much More: Combining Dimension Reduction, Distance Measures and Covariance
Creators: name: Kashyap, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a novel methodology based on the marriage between the Bhattacharyya distance, a measure of similarity across distributions of random variables, and the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma, a technique for dimension reduction. The resulting technique is a simple yet powerful tool that allows comparisons between data-sets representing any two distributions. The degree to which different entities, (markets, universities, hospitals, cities, groups of securities, etc.), have different distance measures of their corresponding distributions tells us the extent to which they are different, aiding participants looking for diversification or looking for more of the same thing. We demonstrate a relationship between covariance and distance measures based on a generic extension of Stein's Lemma. We consider an asset pricing application and then briefly discuss how this methodology lends itself to numerous market-structure studies and even applications outside the realm of finance / social sciences by illustrating a biological application. We provide numerical illustrations using security prices, volumes and volatilities of both these variables from six different countries.
How to Spatially Mediate Conflicts?
Creators: name: Stanicic, Aleksandar
name: Schoonderbeek, Marc
name: Sohn, Heidi
name: Pilav, Armina
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Various forms of violence and conflict continue to shape our habitats. What historically has been straightforward and even obvious two-way dependency, in recent years took more subtle and covert form due to sophisticated technological advancements in the fields of media, surveillance and armament. Recognising the detrimental effects of these new developments on the way we experience, conceptualise and build our environments, Footprint27 proposes artistic reflections, cross-media inquiry and counter-tactics as new powerful tools to rethink the complex relationship between conflict, space and mediation. On one hand, the aim of this issue is to deepen and expand theoretical considerations that substantiate investigations of spatial conflicts by making them truly interdisciplinary. On the other, it seeks to empower architects and artists in their pursuit of exposing, critiquing and fighting spatial violence by reclaiming/unlocking the enormous potential of media tools.
description: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Issue # 27 | Autumn / Winter 2020 | Conflict Mediations
Lessons learned: Development of COVID-19 clinical staging models at a large urban research institution
Creators: name: Huang, Sean S
name: Chaisson, Lelia
name: Galanter, William
name: Jalali, Arash
name: Menchaca, Martha
name: Parde, Natalie
name: Rodríguez-Fernández, Jorge M
name: Trotter, Andrew
name: Kochendorfer, Karl
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health services and systems

description: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), along with many academic institutions worldwide, made significant efforts to address the many challenges presented during the COVID-19 pandemic by developing clinical staging and predictive models. Data from patients with a clinical encounter at UIC from July 1, 2019 to March 30, 2022 were abstracted from the electronic health record and stored in the UIC Center for Clinical and Translational Science Clinical Research Data Warehouse, prior to data analysis. While we saw some success, there were many failures along the way. For this paper, we wanted to discuss some of these obstacles and many of the lessons learned from the journey. METHODS: Principle investigators, research staff, and other project team members were invited to complete an anonymous Qualtrics survey to reflect on the project. The survey included open-ended questions centering on participants' opinions about the project, including whether project goals were met, project successes, project failures, and areas that could have been improved. We then identified themes among the results. RESULTS: Nine project team members (out of 30 members contacted) completed the survey. The responders were anonymous. The survey responses were grouped into four key themes: Collaboration, Infrastructure, Data Acquisition/Validation, and Model Building. CONCLUSION: Through our COVID-19 research efforts, the team learned about our strengths and deficiencies. We continue to work to improve our research and data translation capabilities.
title: FOOTPRINT, Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
title: Issue # 28 | Spring/ Summer 2021 | All is in Formation: Architecture, Cybernetics, Ecology
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: FOOTPRINT
Publisher: name: FOOTPRINT
Year: 2021

description: Footprint #28 examines the relation between cybernetics and architecture by focusing on a problem they both share: the production, consumption and flow of information, or, in other terms, of meaning. Therefore, cyberneticisation can set the foundations for a relational account that examines how signs are communicated and how meaning is produced and experienced within systems. This third-order cybernetics extends beyond the original scope of living organisms and their environments in order to include ecologies of ideas, power, institutions, media and so on. In this sense, cyberneticisation is radically environmental, positing the primacy of relations over fixed terms, binary oppositions and linear logics, making it high time for architectural and urban studies to take into consideration its ground-breaking potentials. Issue's editors: Stavros Kousoulas and Dulmini Perera
description: The Dialogical, The Ecological and Beyond...155-166 Five Points Towards an Architecture In-Formation...3-8 From Cybernetics to Systems Theory in the First Space Age...9-28 Architecture as Information Machine...111-126 Systems and Relations All the Way Down, All the Way Across...63-80 Cooked Air...127-140 Automation and the City...141-146 From Cybernetics to an Architecture of Ecology...45-62 Environments (out) of Control...81-98 Critical Technics in Architecture...99-110 Cyberneticisation as a Theory and Practice of Matter ...29-44 ‘What are people for?’...147-154
Nodal sets of Laplace eigenfunctions: proof of Nadirashvili's conjecture and of the lower bound in Yau's conjecture
Creators: name: Logunov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $u$ be a harmonic function in the unit ball $B(0,1) \subset \mathbb{R}^n$, $n \geq 3$, such that $u(0)=0$. Nadirashvili conjectured that there exists a positive constant $c$, depending on the dimension $n$ only, such that $H^{n-1}(\{u=0 \}\cap B) \geq c$. We prove Nadirashvili's conjecture as well as its counterpart on $C^\infty$-smooth Riemannian manifolds. The latter yields the lower bound in Yau's conjecture. Namely, we show that for any compact $C^\infty$-smooth Riemannian manifold $M$ (without boundary) of dimension $n$ there exists $c>0$ such that for any Laplace eigenfunction $φ_λ$ on $M$, which corresponds to the eigenvalue $λ$, the following inequality holds: $c \sqrt λ\leq H^{n-1}(\{φ_λ=0\})$.
title: Predicting Riverbed Deformation During Floods for a Sustainable Design of Headworks Structures
Creators: name: Joshi, I.
name: Singh, U.
name: Bishwakarma, M. B.
name: Kitamura, Y.
name: Lia, L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Understanding and predicting riverbed deformation during floods is important for the proper and sustainable design of headworks structures. Field-scale study of floods is challenging, and existing literature shows that mainly qualitative data (Photographic and Videographic) have been used in riverbed deformation studies. On the other hand, laboratory experiments allow studying floods in more detail and under a controlled environment. In this research, bed deformation of river channel during floods was investigated by conducting experiments in a curved flume. Parameters of the experiments were chosen with respect to gravel-cobbled River in Nepal. Four different floods with different magnitudes and durations were investigated in the experiments. Riverbed deformation was quantified by differencing pre and post-flood DEMs obtained using Structure from Motion (SfM) technology. The maximum scour during the floods was measured by scour chains made with light beads in a thread. The results showed that the magnitude and duration of floods are both important factors for riverbed deformation. The volume of channel bed erosion increased with the increase in flood magnitude. However, the total volume of sediment reworked was higher in the case of floods which are of lower magnitude but occur frequently in multiple cycles. The depth of maximum bed scour during the floods was observed much higher than the channel bed resulted at the end of the floods. The difference was more prominent along the bends where the secondary currents are stronger. The understanding could be used to better validate sediment transport models, and thus predict riverbed deformation more accurately for sustainable design of headworks structures.