cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Code Recommendation for Open Source Software Developers
Creators: name: Jin, Yiqiao
name: Bai, Yunsheng
name: Zhu, Yanqiao
name: Sun, Yizhou
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Open Source Software (OSS) is forming the spines of technology infrastructures, attracting millions of talents to contribute. Notably, it is challenging and critical to consider both the developers' interests and the semantic features of the project code to recommend appropriate development tasks to OSS developers. In this paper, we formulate the novel problem of code recommendation, whose purpose is to predict the future contribution behaviors of developers given their interaction history, the semantic features of source code, and the hierarchical file structures of projects. Considering the complex interactions among multiple parties within the system, we propose CODER, a novel graph-based code recommendation framework for open source software developers. CODER jointly models microscopic user-code interactions and macroscopic user-project interactions via a heterogeneous graph and further bridges the two levels of information through aggregation on file-structure graphs that reflect the project hierarchy. Moreover, due to the lack of reliable benchmarks, we construct three large-scale datasets to facilitate future research in this direction. Extensive experiments show that our CODER framework achieves superior performance under various experimental settings, including intra-project, cross-project, and cold-start recommendation. We will release all the datasets, code, and utilities for data retrieval upon the acceptance of this work.
description: In Proceedings of The WebConf 2023 (WWW 2023)
Spitzer spectral line mapping of the HH211 outflow
Creators: name: Dionatos, O.
name: Nisini, B.
name: Cabrit, S.
name: Kristensen, L.
name: Forets, G. Pineau des
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We employ archival Spitzer slit-scan observations of the HH211 outflow in order to investigate its warm gas content, assess the jet mass flux in the form of H2 and probe for the existence of an embedded atomic jet. Methods: Detected molecular and atomic lines are interpreted by means of emission line diagnostics and an existing grid of molecular shock models. The physical properties of the warm gas are compared against other molecular jet tracers and to the results of a similar study towards the L1448-C outflow. Results: We have detected and mapped the v=0-0 S(0) - S(7) H2 lines and fine-structure lines of S, Fe+, and Si+. H2 is detected down to 5" from the source and is characterized by a "cool" T~300K and a "warm" T~1000 K component, with an extinction Av ~ 8 mag. The amount of cool H2 towards the jet agrees with that estimated from CO assuming fully molecular gas. The warm component is well fitted by C-type shocks with a low beam filling factor ~ 0.01-0.04 and a mass-flux similar to the cool H2. The fine-structure line emission arises from dense gas with ionization fraction ~0.5 - 5 x 10e-3, suggestive of dissociative shocks. Line ratios to sulfur indicate that iron and silicon are depleted compared to solar abundances by a factor ~10-50. Conclusions: Spitzer spectral mapping observations reveal for the first time a cool H$_2$ component towards the CO jet of HH211 consistent with the CO material being fully molecular and warm at ~ 300 K. The maps also reveal for the first time the existence of an embedded atomic jet in the HH211 outflow that can be traced down to the central source position. Its significant iron and silicon depletion excludes an origin from within the dust sublimation zone around the protostar. The momentum-flux seems insufficient to entrain the CO jet, although current uncertainties on jet speed and shock conditions are too large for a definite conclusion.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Probing gluon TMDs with reconstructed and tagged heavy flavor hadron pairs at EIC
Creators: name: Dong, Xin
name: Ji, Yuanjing
name: Kelsey, Matthew
name: Radhakrishnan, Sooraj
name: Sichtermann, Ernst
name: Zhao, Yuxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Study of the transverse structure of the proton is one of the major physics goals of the upcoming Electron Ion Collider (EIC). The gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMD) form an essential focus of this effort and are important towards understanding the angular momentum contribution to proton spin as well as QCD factorization. However, very limited experimental constraints on the gluon TMD exist currently. As the heavy quark production in lepton-nucleon DIS gets a dominant contribution from the photon-gluon-fusion process, heavy quark production makes an attractive tool to probe gluon distributions in nucleons. In this paper we present a study of heavy flavor hadron pair reconstruction at a future EIC detector with MAPS based inner tracking and vertexing subsystems to constrain gluon TMD. We utilize the excellent track pointing resolution provided by the detector to exclusively reconstruct heavy flavor hadron pairs via their hadronic decay channels and also to develop a heavy flavor hadron tagging algorithm. Statistical uncertainty projections on azimuthal asymmetries corresponding to gluon TMD at the EIC is evaluated. The heavy flavor tagging is found to substantially enhance the purity of heavy flavor hadron pair selection, and the statistical precision of the measurement compared to that from exclusive reconstruction. The correlation between the azimuthal angle of the transverse momentum of the gluon initiating the process and that of the corresponding heavy flavor hadron pair was also studied and found to be well correlated. This study opens up heavy flavor hadron pair measurements as an attractive channel to access gluon TMD at the EIC.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Minibiotus furcatus
Creators: name: Claxton, Sandra K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Minibiotus
Minibiotus furcatus

description: Minibiotus furcatus (Ehrenberg, 1859) Macrobiotus jurcatus Ehrenberg, 1859: 452, fig. Ill. [Type locality: Monte Rosa, Italy] Minibiotusjurcatus.- Binda & Pilato, 1992: 113-115, figs. 1A,B. Material examined. None Emended diagnosis. Yellow body cells, smooth cuticle with variably shaped pores arranged in rows; long ventral reinforcing bar and long macroplacoid row, small indistinct microplacoid; long slender claws with short, high accessory claws and lightly toothed lunules on fourth pair of legs.
description: Published as part of Claxton, Sandra K., 1998, A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia, pp. 125-160 in Records of the Australian Museum 50 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1276, http://zenodo.org/record/4652937
description: {"references": ["Ehrenberg, e. G., 1859. Beitrag zur Bestimmung des stationaren mikroskopischen Lebens in bis 20,000 Fufs Alpenhohe. Abheit Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. Pp. 429 -- 456.", "Binda, M. G., & G. Pilato, 1992. Minibiotus Jurcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus Jurcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie (Eutardigrada). Animalia (Catania) 19 (113): 111 - 120."]}
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering study of solubilization of tributyl phosphate in aqueous solutions of L64 Pluronic triblock copolymers
Creators: name: Causse, Jeremy
name: Oberdisse, Julian
name: Jestin, Jacques
name: Lagerge, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the solubilization behaviour of tributylphosphate (TBP) in aqueous solutions of L64-Pluronics, using light and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Varying the temperature and the oil-content, the system presents a non trivial phase behaviour. In particular, at 308K, a first solubilization followed by an emulsification failure and a resolubilization is found. We have measured the microstructure by SANS and characterized the microemulsion droplet core-size, corona-thickness, polydispersity, and interactions. It is shown that at low oil content, the system is made of small swollen micelles. After the phase separation, the resolubilization is carried by larger oil droplets decorated by copolymer. From specific surface measurements at large angles, a surprising change in surfactant conformation is found to accompany this morphological evolution which is also supported by previous results obtained from 1H NMR experiments. In independent measurements, our structural modelling is confirmed using contrast-variation SANS.
Empirical analysis of PGA-MAP-Elites for Neuroevolution in Uncertain Domains
Creators: name: Flageat, Manon
name: Chalumeau, Felix
name: Cully, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quality-Diversity algorithms, among which MAP-Elites, have emerged as powerful alternatives to performance-only optimisation approaches as they enable generating collections of diverse and high-performing solutions to an optimisation problem. However, they are often limited to low-dimensional search spaces and deterministic environments. The recently introduced Policy Gradient Assisted MAP-Elites (PGA-MAP-Elites) algorithm overcomes this limitation by pairing the traditional Genetic operator of MAP-Elites with a gradient-based operator inspired by Deep Reinforcement Learning. This new operator guides mutations toward high-performing solutions using policy-gradients. In this work, we propose an in-depth study of PGA-MAP-Elites. We demonstrate the benefits of policy-gradients on the performance of the algorithm and the reproducibility of the generated solutions when considering uncertain domains. We first prove that PGA-MAP-Elites is highly performant in both deterministic and uncertain high-dimensional environments, decorrelating the two challenges it tackles. Secondly, we show that in addition to outperforming all the considered baselines, the collections of solutions generated by PGA-MAP-Elites are highly reproducible in uncertain environments, approaching the reproducibility of solutions found by Quality-Diversity approaches built specifically for uncertain applications. Finally, we propose an ablation and in-depth analysis of the dynamic of the policy-gradients-based variation. We demonstrate that the policy-gradient variation operator is determinant to guarantee the performance of PGA-MAP-Elites but is only essential during the early stage of the process, where it finds high-performing regions of the search space.
description: submitted to Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization
Minibiotus ramazzottii Binda & Pilato 1992
Creators: name: Claxton, Sandra K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Minibiotus
Minibiotus ramazzottii

description: Minibiotus ramazzottii Binda & Pilato, 1992 Minibiotus ramazzottii Binda & Pilato, 1992: 115-117, fig. IC­ E [Type locality: Rancagua, Chile]. Material examined. None Emended diagnosis. Yellow body cells, smooth cuticle with smallround pores, granulation on all legs; long ventral reinforcing bar and long macroplacoid row, distinct microplacoid; very long slender claws with short, low accessory claws and smooth lunules.
description: Published as part of Claxton, Sandra K., 1998, A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia, pp. 125-160 in Records of the Australian Museum 50 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1276, http://zenodo.org/record/4652937
description: {"references": ["Binda, M. G., & G. Pilato, 1992. Minibiotus Jurcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus Jurcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie (Eutardigrada). Animalia (Catania) 19 (113): 111 - 120."]}
Minibiotus vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato 1992
Creators: name: Claxton, Sandra K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Minibiotus
Minibiotus vinciguerrae

description: Minibiotus vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato, 1992 Minibiotus vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato, 1992: 117-120, figs. 2A-E. [Type locality: Victoria Land, Antarctica]. Material examined. ANTARCTICA: Victoria Land, Pilato, 1 specimen, 1 egg in DCI. Emended diagnosis. Smooth cuticle with variably shaped pores and fine granulation around claws on all legs; dorsal crest in oral cavity broken into teeth, long ventral reinforcing bar and long macroplacoid row, distinct microplacoid; slender claws with short, high accessory claws and smooth lunules.
description: Published as part of Claxton, Sandra K., 1998, A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia, pp. 125-160 in Records of the Australian Museum 50 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1276, http://zenodo.org/record/4652937
description: {"references": ["Binda, M. G., & G. Pilato, 1992. Minibiotus Jurcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus Jurcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie (Eutardigrada). Animalia (Catania) 19 (113): 111 - 120."]}
Impact of Symmetry Energy on Sound Speed and Spinodal Decomposition in Dense Neutron-Rich Matter
Creators: name: Zhang, Nai-Bo
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a meta model for nuclear Equation of State (EOS) with its parameters constrained by astrophysical observations and terrestrial nuclear experiments, we examine effects of nuclear EOS especially its symmetry energy \esym term on the speed of sound squared $C^2_s(ρ)$ and the critical density $ρ_t$ where $C^2_s(ρ_t)$ vanishes (indicating the onset of spinodal decomposition) in both dense neutron-rich nucleonic matter relevant for relativistic heavy-ion collisions and the cold $n+p+e+μ$ matter in neutron stars at $β$-equilibrium. Unlike in nucleonic matter with fixed values of the isospin asymmetry $δ$, in neutron stars with a density dependent isospin profile $δ(ρ)$ determined consistently by the $β$ equilibrium and charge neutrality conditions, the $C^2_s(ρ)$ almost always show a peak and then vanishes at $ρ_t$. The latter strongly depends on the high-density behavior of \esym if the skewness parameter $J_0$ characterizing the stiffness of high-density symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) EOS is not too far above its currently known most probable value of about $-190$ MeV inferred from recent Bayesian analyses of neutron star observables. Moreover, in the case of having a super-soft \esym that is decreasing with increasing density above about twice the saturation density of nuclear matter, the $ρ_t$ is significantly lower than the density where the \esym vanishes (indicating the onset of isospin-separation instability and pure neutron matter formation) in neutron star cores.
description: New discussions added. EPJA in press
A critical examination of robustness and generalizability of machine learning prediction of materials properties
Creators: name: Li, Kangming
name: DeCost, Brian
name: Choudhary, Kamal
name: Greenwood, Michael
name: Hattrick-Simpers, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in machine learning (ML) methods have led to substantial improvement in materials property prediction against community benchmarks, but an excellent benchmark score may not imply good generalization of performance. Here we show that ML models trained on the Materials Project 2018 (MP18) dataset can have severely degraded prediction performance on new compounds in the Materials Project 2021 (MP21) dataset. We document performance degradation in graph neural networks and traditional descriptor-based ML models for both quantitative and qualitative predictions. We find the source of the predictive degradation is due to the distribution shift between the MP18 and MP21 versions. This is revealed by the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) of the feature space. We then show that the performance degradation issue can be foreseen using a few simple tools. Firstly, the UMAP can be used to investigate the connectivity and relative proximity of the training and test data within feature space. Secondly, the disagreement between multiple ML models on the test data can illuminate out-of-distribution samples. We demonstrate that the simple yet efficient UMAP-guided and query-by-committee acquisition strategies can greatly improve prediction accuracy through adding only 1~\% of the test data. We believe this work provides valuable insights for building materials databases and ML models that enable better prediction robustness and generalizability.
Optical properties of the pseudogap state in underdoped cuprates
Creators: name: Pound, Adam
name: Carbotte, J. P.
name: Nicol, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent optical measurements of deeply underdoped cuprates have revealed that a coherent Drude response persists well below the end of the superconducting dome. In addition, no large increase in optical effective mass has been observed, even at dopings as low as 1%. We show that this behavior is consistent with the resonating valence bond spin-liquid model proposed by Yang, Rice, and Zhang. In this model, the overall reduction in optical conductivity in the approach to the Mott insulating state is caused not by an increase in effective mass, but by a Gutzwiller factor, which describes decreased coherence due to correlations, and by a shrinking of the Fermi surface, which decreases the number of available charge carriers. We also show that in this model, the pseudogap does not modify the low-temperature, low-frequency behavior, though the magnitude of the conductivity is greatly reduced by the Gutzwiller factor. Similarly, the profile of the temperature dependence of the microwave conductivity is largely unchanged in shape, but the Gutzwiller factor is essential in understanding the observed difference in magnitude between ortho-I and -II YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. B
Uniaxial contribution to the magnetic anisotropy of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films induced by orthorhombic crystal structure
Creators: name: Boschker, Hans
name: Mathews, Mercy
name: Brinks, Peter
name: Houwman, Evert
name: Vailionis, Arturas
name: Koster, Gertjan
name: Blank, Dave H. A.
name: Rijnders, Guus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) thin films under compressive strain have an orthorhombic symmetry with (1-10)o and (001)o in-plane orientations. (The subscript o denotes the orthorhombic symmetry.) Here, we grew LSMO on cubic (LaAlO3)0.3-(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT) substrates and observed a uniaxial contribution to the magnetic anisotropy which is related to the orthorhombic crystal structure. Since the lattice mismatch is equal in the two directions, the general understanding of anisotropy in LSMO, which relates the uniaxial anisotropy to differences in strain, cannot explain the results. These findings suggest that the oxygen octahedra rotations associated with the orthorhombic structure, possibly resulting in different Mn-O-Mn bond angles and therefore a change in magnetic coupling between the [1-10]o and [001]o directions, determine the anisotropy. We expect these findings to lead to a better understanding of the microscopic origin of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in LSMO.
description: Submitted to Physical Review B, 6 pages, 3 figures
The $B_2$ Harmonic Oscillator with Reflections and Superintegrability
Creators: name: Dunkl, Charles F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81R12, 37J35, 33C45, 81Q05

description: The two-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator is modified with reflection terms associated with the action of the Coxeter group $B_2$, which is the symmetry group of the square. The angular momentum operator is also modified with reflections. The wavefunctions are known to be built up from Jacobi and Laguerre polynomials. This paper introduces a fourth-order differential-difference operator commuting with the Hamiltonian but not with the angular momentum operator; a specific instance of superintegrability. The action of the operator on the usual orthogonal basis of wavefunctions is explicitly described. The wavefunctions are classified according to the representations of the group: four of degree one and one of degree two. The identity representation encompasses the wavefunctions invariant under the group. The paper begins with a short discussion of the modified Hamiltonians associated to finite reflection groups, and related raising and lowering operators. In particular, the Hamiltonian for the symmetric groups describes the Calogero-Sutherland model of identical particles on the line with harmonic confinement.
Radiation from matter entrainment in astrophysical jets: the AGN case
Creators: name: Araudo, Anabella T.
name: Bosch-Ramon, Valenti
name: Romero, Gustavo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jets are found in a variety of astrophysical sources, from young stellar objects to active galactic nuclei. In all the cases the jet propagates with a supersonic velocity through the external medium, which can be inhomogeneous, and inhomogeneities could penetrate into the jet. The interaction of the jet material with an obstacle produces a bow shock in the jet in which particles can be accelerated up to relativistic energies and emit high-energy photons. In this work, we explore the active galactic nuclei scenario, focusing on the dynamical and radiative consequences of the interaction at different jet heights. We find that the produced high-energy emission could be detectable by the current gamma-ray telescopes. In general, the jet-clump interactions are a possible mechanism to produce (steady or flaring) high-energy emission in many astrophysical sources in which jets are present.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the 275 IAU Symposium: "Jets at all Scales", held in Buenos Aires, September 13-17, 2010
IterMiUnet: A lightweight architecture for automatic blood vessel segmentation
Creators: name: Kumar, Ashish
name: Agrawal, R. K.
name: Joseph, Leve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The automatic segmentation of blood vessels in fundus images can help analyze the condition of retinal vasculature, which is crucial for identifying various systemic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, etc. Despite the success of Deep Learning-based models in this segmentation task, most of them are heavily parametrized and thus have limited use in practical applications. This paper proposes IterMiUnet, a new lightweight convolution-based segmentation model that requires significantly fewer parameters and yet delivers performance similar to existing models. The model makes use of the excellent segmentation capabilities of Iternet architecture but overcomes its heavily parametrized nature by incorporating the encoder-decoder structure of MiUnet model within it. Thus, the new model reduces parameters without any compromise with the network's depth, which is necessary to learn abstract hierarchical concepts in deep models. This lightweight segmentation model speeds up training and inference time and is potentially helpful in the medical domain where data is scarce and, therefore, heavily parametrized models tend to overfit. The proposed model was evaluated on three publicly available datasets: DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE-DB1. Further cross-training and inter-rater variability evaluations have also been performed. The proposed model has a lot of potential to be utilized as a tool for the early diagnosis of many diseases.
Temperature in relativistic fluids
Creators: name: Kovtun, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For static matter in a gravitational field, different conventions for equilibrium local temperature exist in the classic physics literature. We illustrate the difference between two popular conventions using black-body radiation in a spherically symmetric gravitational potential. Equilibrium temperatures defined by the "Landau frame" or "Eckart frame" prescriptions most commonly used in relativistic fluid dynamics do not satisfy the statistical-mechanical relation $1/T=dS/dE$.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. V2: Small clarifications, version accepted for publication in PRD
Minibiotus stuckenbergi
Creators: name: Claxton, Sandra K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Minibiotus
Minibiotus stuckenbergi

description: Minibiotus stuckenbergi (Dastych et al., 1990) Macrobiotus stuckenbergi Dastych, Ryan & Watkins, 1990: 61- 65, figs. 6-10. [Type locality: western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica]. Minibiotus stuckenbergi.- Dastych & Drummond, 1996: 114. Material examined. None. Emended diagnosis. Cuticle with small oval and large irregular pores, granulation around all claws; single dorsal transverse thickening in oral cavity; long ventral support, 3 round macrop1acoids and indistinct microplacoid; slender claws with short high accessory claws and lunules with a few jagged teeth on fOUlth pair of claws.
description: Published as part of Claxton, Sandra K., 1998, A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia, pp. 125-160 in Records of the Australian Museum 50 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1276, http://zenodo.org/record/4652937
description: {"references": ["Dastych, H., & A. E. Drummond, 1996. Notes on! imnic waterbears (Tardigrada) from the Robertskollen nunataks, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamberg 12 (154): 111 - 117."]}
Semimetallic and semiconducting graphene-hBN multilayers with parallel or reverse stacking
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Zollner, Klaus
name: Moulsdale, Christian
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
name: Knothe, Angelika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate 3D layered crystals of alternating graphene and hBN layers with different symmetries. Depending on the hopping parameters between the graphene layers, we find that these synthetic 3D materials can feature semimetallic, gapped, or Weyl semimetal phases. Our results demonstrate that 3D crystals stacked from individual 2D materials represent a synthetic materials class with emergent properties different from their constituents.
Additional file 3 of Communicable disease mortality trends and characteristics of infants in rural China, 1996–2015
Creators: name: Wang, Ke
name: Xiang, Liangcheng
name: Kang, Leni
name: Miao, Lei
name: Li, Qi
name: Li, Xiaohong
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Wang, Yanping
name: Huang, Yan
name: He, Chunhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3:Table S2. The comparison of communicable disease-specific IMR between 123 and 334 surveillance sites.
A dietary isotopic study at Nukuleka, Tonga
Creators: name: Wong, Megan Barbara
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The aim of this project is to investigate Lapita-age human and faunal remains recovered from the 2007 excavation of Tonga’s founder site of Nukuleka (2838+/-8 BP) using stable carbon and nitrogen analysis. Results were then used to evaluate the two main Lapita subsistence theories: the strandlooper hypothesis, which states that Lapita people focused primarily on easily foraged marine and terrestrial resources (Groube 1971), and the horticultural hypothesis, which states that Lapita people migrated with a transported landscape, indicating a reliance on horticultural activity (Burley 1998). Unfortunately, after human remains selected for this research were isotopically analyzed, it became apparent that the vast majority of the samples were poorly preserved and none of the samples were suitable for use in this project. Only one of the fourteen samples yielded viable collagen and it had a δ¹³C signature of -16.0‰ and a δ¹⁵N signature of 10.4‰. Upon review of Burley et al.'s (2010) Nukuleka excavation report it was found that this sample was likely historic in nature and was rejected for use in this project. In consideration of the poor collagen preservation of sampled human remains, environmental factors that may have lead to the degradation of the Nukuleka samples are discussed, as well as potential approaches archaeologists could use in future isotopic investigations. To continue with the goal of this project, previous dietary isotopic research in the South Pacific is reviewed, and used as a comparison tool in the evaluation of Nukuleka subsistence strategies. Based on evidence from sites in Remote Oceania, it is likely that Lapita settlers at Nukuleka were employing a subsistence strategy consistent with Groube’s (1971) proposed strandlooper hypothesis.
Entanglement complexity of the Rokhsar-Kivelson-sign wavefunctions
Creators: name: Piemontese, Stefano
name: Roscilde, Tommaso
name: Hamma, Alioscia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the transitions of entanglement complexity in an exemplary family of states - the Rokhsar-Kivelson-sign wavefunctions - whose degree of entanglement is controlled by a single parameter. This family of states is known to feature a transition between a phase exhibiting volume-law scaling of entanglement entropy and a phase with sub-extensive scaling of entanglement, reminiscent of the many-body-localization transition of disordered quantum Hamiltonians [Physical Review B 92, 214204 (2015)]. We study the singularities of the Rokhsar-Kivelson-sign wavefunctions and their entanglement complexity across the transition using several tools from quantum information theory: fidelity metric; entanglement spectrum statistics; entanglement entropy fluctuations; stabilizer Rényi Entropy; and the performance of a disentangling algorithm. Across the whole volume-law phase the states feature universal entanglement spectrum statistics. Yet a "super-universal" regime appears for small values of the control parameter in which all metrics become independent of the parameter itself; the entanglement entropy as well as the stabilizer Rényi entropy appear to approach their theoretical maximum; the entanglement fluctuations scale to zero as in output states of random universal circuits, and the disentangling algorithm has essentially null efficiency. All these indicators consistently reveal a complex pattern of entanglement. In the sub-volume-law phase, on the other hand, the entanglement spectrum statistics is no longer universal, entanglement fluctuations are larger and exhibiting a non-universal scaling; and the efficiency of the disentangling algorithm becomes finite. Our results, based on model wavefunctions, suggest that a similar combination of entanglement scaling properties and of entanglement complexity features may be found in high-energy Hamiltonian eigenstates.
description: Journal version. Added 1 paragraph and 1 image
Thermal cycling induced alteration of the stacking order and spin-flip in the room temperature van der Waals magnet Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang
name: Tian, Wei
name: He, Yu
name: Zhang, Hongrui
name: Werner, Tyler L.
name: Lapidus, Saul
name: Ruff, Jacob P. C.
name: Ramesh, Ramamoorthy
name: Birgeneau, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of the quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals magnet Fe$_{5-δ}$GeTe$_2$ (F5GT), which has a high ferromagnetic ordering temperature $T_{\text{C}}$ $\sim$ 315 K, remains to be better understood. It has been demonstrated that the magnetization of F5GT is sensitive to both the Fe deficiency $δ$ and the thermal cycling history. Here, we investigate the structural and magnetic properties of F5GT with a minimal Fe deficiency ($|δ|$ $\le$ 0.1), utilizing combined x-ray and neutron scattering techniques. Our study reveals that the quenched F5GT single crystals experience an irreversible, first-order transition at $T_{\text{S}}$ $\sim$ 110 K upon first cooling, where the stacking order partly or entirely converts from ABC-stacking to AA-stacking order. Importantly, the magnetic properties, including the magnetic moment direction and the enhanced $T_{\text{C}}$ after the thermal cycling, are intimately related to the alteration of the stacking order. Our work highlights the significant influence of the lattice symmetry to the magnetism in F5GT.
description: 7 pages with 5 figures. Comments are welcome
Relative stability of zincblende and wurtzite structure in CdX(X = S, Se, Te) series - A NMTO study
Creators: name: Datta, Soumendu
name: Saha-Dasgupta, Tanusri
name: Sarma, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using NMTO-downfolding technique we have revisited the issue of relative stability between zincblende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) symmetries in case of CdS, CdSe and CdTe semiconductors. Our computed ionicity factors using accurate NMTO-downfolding successfully brings out the right trend within the CdX series - CdS being most ionic stabilizes in WZ symmetry while CdSe and CdTe being more covalent stabilizes in ZB symmetry. Our NMTO constructed Wannier functions corresponding to only valence bands provide a nice demonstration of this fact. The tendency towards ZB stability is governed by the covalency which prefers isotropic nature of the tetrahedral bonds.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Spectral characteristics of side face excited microstructured fibers for photonic integrated circuits formations
Creators: name: Guryev, I. V.
name: Vazquez, D. J.
name: Sukhoivanov, I. A.
name: Luna, C. H.
name: Estudillo-Ayala, J. M.
name: Lucio, J. A. Andrade
name: Chavez, R. M.
name: Trejo-Durán, M.
name: Mendez, E. Alvarado
name: Rojas-Laguna, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method for mass production of the photonic crystal devices on the basis of widely-known and well-developed technology such as microstructured optical fibers. In this paper, we investigate the optical properties of side-excited microstructured optical fiber and discuss the conditions for utilization such a structure as a planar photonic crystal device, namely, the high-quality resonance filter.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Minibiotus weinerorum
Creators: name: Claxton, Sandra K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Parachela
Macrobiotidae
Minibiotus
Minibiotus weinerorum

description: Minibiotus weinerorum (Dastych, 1984) Macrobiotus weinerorum Dastych, 1984: 400-402, fig. 14, photographs 21-25. [Type locality: Enderby Land, Antarctica]. Minibiotus weinerorum.- Miller, Heatwole, Pidgeon & Gardiner, 1994: 152-155, figs. 3A-C. Material examined. None. Emended diagnosis. Smooth cuticle with randomly distributed pores and granulation around claws on all legs; small round macroplacoids and indistinct microplacoid; slender claws with very high accessory claws and small, smooth lunules.
description: Published as part of Claxton, Sandra K., 1998, A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia, pp. 125-160 in Records of the Australian Museum 50 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1276, http://zenodo.org/record/4652937
description: {"references": ["Dastych, H., 1984. The Tardigrada from Antarctic with descriptions of several new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 27 (19): 377 - 436.", "Miller, W. R., H. Heatwole, R. W. J. Pidgeon & G. R. Gardiner, 1994. Tardigrades of the Australian Antarctic Territories: the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 113 (2): 142 - 160."]}
Designing educational games and advanced learning technologies : an identification of emotions for modeling pedagogical and adaptive emotional agents
Creators: name: Gutica, Mirela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Emotional, cognitive, and motivational processes are dynamic and influence each other during learning. The goal of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of emotion interaction in order to design advanced learning technologies (ALTs) and intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) that adapt to emotional needs. In order for ITSs to recognize and respond to affective states, the system needs to have knowledge of learners’ behaviors and states. Based on emotion frameworks in affective computing and education, this study responds to this need by providing an in-depth analysis of students’ affective states during learning with an educational mathematics game for grades five through seven (Heroes of Math Island) specifically designed for this research study and based on principles of instructional and game design. The mixed methodology research design had two components: (1) a quasi-experimental study and (2) affect analysis. The quasi-experimental study included pretest, intervention (gameplay), and posttest, followed by a post-questionnaire and interview. Affect analysis involved the process of identifying what emotions should be observed, and video annotations by trained judges. The study contributes to related research by: (1) reviewing sets of emotions important for learning derived from literature and pilot studies; (2) analyzing inter-judge agreement both aggregated and over individual students to gain a better understanding of how individual differences in expression affect emotion recognition; (3) examining in detail what and how many emotions actually occur or are expressed in the standard 20-second interval; (4) designing a standard method including a protocol and an instrument for trained judges; and (5) offering an in-depth exploration of the students’ subjective reactions with respect to gameplay and the mathematics content. This study analyzes and proposes an original set of emotions derived from literature and observations during gameplay. The most relevant emotions identified were boredom, confidence, confusion/hesitancy, delight/pleasure, disappointment/displeasure, engaged concentration, and frustration. Further research on this set is recommended for design of ALTs or ITSs that motivate students and respond to their cognitive and emotional needs. The methodological protocol developed to label and analyze emotions should be evaluated and tested in future studies.
Evolutionary dynamics, intrinsic noise and cycles of co-operation
Creators: name: Bladon, Alex J.
name: Galla, Tobias
name: McKane, Alan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use analytical techniques based on an expansion in the inverse system size to study the stochastic evolutionary dynamics of finite populations of players interacting in a repeated prisoner's dilemma game. We show that a mechanism of amplification of demographic noise can give rise to coherent oscillations in parameter regimes where deterministic descriptions converge to fixed points with complex eigenvalues. These quasi-cycles between co-operation and defection have previously been observed in computer simulations; here we provide a systematic and comprehensive analytical characterization of their properties. We are able to predict their power spectra as a function of the mutation rate and other model parameters, and to compare the relative magnitude of the cycles induced by different types of underlying microscopic dynamics. We also extend our analysis to the iterated prisoner's dilemma game with a win-stay lose-shift strategy, appropriate in situations where players are subject to errors of the trembling-hand type.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. E
MMD-B-Fair: Learning Fair Representations with Statistical Testing
Creators: name: Deka, Namrata
name: Sutherland, Danica J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a method, MMD-B-Fair, to learn fair representations of data via kernel two-sample testing. We find neural features of our data where a maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) test cannot distinguish between representations of different sensitive groups, while preserving information about the target attributes. Minimizing the power of an MMD test is more difficult than maximizing it (as done in previous work), because the test threshold's complex behavior cannot be simply ignored. Our method exploits the simple asymptotics of block testing schemes to efficiently find fair representations without requiring complex adversarial optimization or generative modelling schemes widely used by existing work on fair representation learning. We evaluate our approach on various datasets, showing its ability to ``hide'' information about sensitive attributes, and its effectiveness in downstream transfer tasks.
A Decade of Code Comment Quality Assessment: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Rani, Pooja
name: Blasi, Arianna
name: Stulova, Nataliia
name: Panichella, Sebastiano
name: Gorla, Alessandra
name: Nierstrasz, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Code comments are important artifacts in software systems and play a paramount role in many software engineering (SE) tasks related to maintenance and program comprehension. However, while it is widely accepted that high quality matters in code comments just as it matters in source code, assessing comment quality in practice is still an open problem. First and foremost, there is no unique definition of quality when it comes to evaluating code comments. The few existing studies on this topic rather focus on specific attributes of quality that can be easily quantified and measured. Existing techniques and corresponding tools may also focus on comments bound to a specific programming language, and may only deal with comments with specific scopes and clear goals (e.g., Javadoc comments at the method level, or in-body comments describing TODOs to be addressed). In this paper, we present a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the last decade of research in SE to answer the following research questions: (i) What types of comments do researchers focus on when assessing comment quality? (ii) What quality attributes (QAs) do they consider? (iii) Which tools and techniques do they use to assess comment quality?, and (iv) How do they evaluate their studies on comment quality assessment in general? Our evaluation, based on the analysis of 2353 papers and the actual review of 47 relevant ones, shows that (i) most studies and techniques focus on comments in Java code, thus may not be generalizable to other languages, and (ii) the analyzed studies focus on four main QAs of a total of 21 QAs identified in the literature, with a clear predominance of checking consistency between comments and the code. We observe that researchers rely on manual assessment and specific heuristics rather than the automated assessment of the comment quality attributes.
Finite temperature properties of clusters by replica exchange metadynamics: the water nonamer
Creators: name: Zhai, Yingteng
name: Laio, Alessandro
name: Tosatti, Erio
name: Gong, Xin-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an approach for the accurate calculation of thermal properties of classical nanoclusters. Based on a recently developed enhanced sampling technique, replica exchange metadynamics, the method yields the true free energy of each relevant cluster structure, directly sampling its basin and measuring its occupancy in full equilibrium. All entropy sources, whether vibrational, rotational anharmonic and especially configurational -- the latter often forgotten in many cluster studies -- are automatically included. For the present demonstration we choose the water nonamer (H2O)9, an extremely simple cluster which nonetheless displays a sufficient complexity and interesting physics in its relevant structure spectrum. Within a standard TIP4P potential description of water, we find that the nonamer second relevant structure possesses a higher configurational entropy than the first, so that the two free energies surprisingly cross for increasing temperature.
description: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 2535-2540 (2011)
Flows in complex biochemical networks: Role of low degree nodes
Creators: name: Samal, Areejit
name: Jain, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Metabolic networks have two properties that are generally regarded as unrelated: One, they have metabolic reactions whose single knockout is lethal for the organism, and two, they have correlated sets of reactions forming functional modules. In this review we argue that both essentiality and modularity seem to arise as a consequence of the same structural property: the existence of low degree metabolites. This observation allows a prediction of (a) essential metabolic reactions which are potential drug targets in pathogenic microorganisms and (b) regulatory modules within biological networks, from purely structural information about the metabolic network.
description: 6 pages