cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nettverksbasert innovasjon – hva i tjukkeste granskauen?
Creators: name: Rønningen, Katrina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Rural Innovation EU H2020 forestry

description: Chronicle in the Norwegian Daily Nationen, about the need and challenges for innovation within the forestry sector, and experience from the three forest cases in Liaison; ArenaSkog, Inno4Wood and Skogskollo
Dyskerin, tRNA genes, and condensin tether pericentric chromatin to the spindle axis in mitosis
Creators: name: Stephens, Andrew D.
name: Kamakaka, Rohinton T.
name: Hamdani, Omar
name: Snider, Chloe E.
name: Bloom, Kerry
name: Kirkland, Jacob G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Condensin is enriched in the pericentromere of budding yeast chromosomes where it is constrained to the spindle axis in metaphase. Pericentric condensin contributes to chromatin compaction, resistance to microtubule-based spindle forces, and spindle length and variance regulation. Condensin is clustered along the spindle axis in a heterogeneous fashion. We demonstrate that pericentric enrichment of condensin is mediated by interactions with transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) genes and their regulatory factors. This recruitment is important for generating axial tension on the pericentromere and coordinating movement between pericentromeres from different chromosomes. The interaction between condensin and tRNA genes in the pericentromere reveals a feature of yeast centromeres that has profound implications for the function and evolution of mitotic segregation mechanisms.
(3798) Mary Muir
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Anerkennung informell erworbener Kompetenzen aus bildungspolitischer und wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Perspektive
Creators: name: Annen, Silvia
name: Bretschneider, Markus
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2010

description: Ausgehend von einer Skizzierung bildungspolitischer Entwicklungen zur Anerkennung informellen Lernens werden als in der Bildungspraxis wirksam gewordene Ansätze die Europass-Initiative und das ProfilPASS-System vorgestellt. Im zweiten Abschnitt des Beitrages werden als theoretische Bezugspunkte zunächst die Neue Institutionenökonomik und die Bildungsproduktionsfunktion entfaltet, auf die beiden Ansätze bezogen und auf dieser Grundlage weiterführende Überlegungen angestellt.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 1 (2009): Warum informell lernen? Argumente und Motive
ÉTUDE EXPÉRIMENTALE DE L'INFESTATION D'AMPHIPHOLIS SQUAMATA DELLA CHIAJE (OPHIURIDE) PAR CANCERILLA TUBULATA DALYELL (COPÉPODE CYCLOPOÏDE)
Creators: name: CARTON, Yves
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1968

description: We succeeded in breeding in the laboratory Cancerilla tubulata (Copepoda, Cyclopoida), a parasite of Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata, Amphiuridae). We have thus been able to obtain information about the ethology of copepodite I, the infestive state.
1. The favorable ground for the settling of copepodite I, is Amphipholis withpregnant bursa.
2. The age of copepodite I is important for a good settling (maximum onthe 5th day).
3. Copepodite I is able to recognize its natural host if given the choicebetween Amphipholis and Acrocnida.
4. The sensorial ability of copepodite I to find its host, seems to derive froma sensibilisation of the parasite to various factors of the host, when at the embryonic state.
Jugendliche Bildungsräume unter Bedingungen der Migration
Creators: name: Hummrich, Merle
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2010

description: In dem Artikel geht es um Strategien der Nutzung von Bildungsräumen durch weibliche Migrantenjugendliche aus dem Arbeitermilieu. Nicht die die Frage von Zugehörigkeit(en) oder Abstammung steht dabei im Vordergrund, sondern die strukturellen Integrationsrisiken und ihre Bewältigung. Die raumanalytische Perspektive soll dazu dienen, die jeweils vereinseitigenden Perspektiven auf Chancen oder Defizite der Migration zu verlassen und die aktiven Handlungsstrategien zu betrachten.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 1 (2008): Interkulturelle Bildung
Excess centrosomes disrupt endothelial cell migration via centrosome scattering
Creators: name: Ferro, Luke S.
name: Rogers, Stephen L.
name: Kushner, Erich J.
name: Durrant, Jessica R.
name: Bautch, Victoria L.
name: Liu, Jie Yu
name: Dudley, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Centrosome–microtubule interactions during interphase are important for centrosome clustering and cell polarity.Supernumerary centrosomes contribute to spindle defects and aneuploidy at mitosis, but the effects of excess centrosomes during interphase are poorly understood. In this paper, we show that interphase endothelial cells with even one extra centrosome exhibit a cascade of defects, resulting in disrupted cell migration and abnormal blood vessel sprouting. Endothelial cells with supernumerary centrosomes had increased centrosome scattering and reduced microtubule (MT) nucleation capacity that correlated with decreased Golgi integrity and randomized vesicle trafficking, and ablation of excess centrosomes partially rescued these parameters. Mechanistically, tumor endothelial cells with supernumerary centrosomes had less centrosome-localized γ-tubulin, and Plk1 blockade prevented MT growth, whereas overexpression rescued centrosome γ-tubulin levels and centrosome dynamics. These data support a model whereby centrosome–MT interactions during interphase are important for centrosome clustering and cell polarity and further suggest that disruption of interphase cell behavior by supernumerary centrosomes contributes to pathology independent of mitotic effects.
Zum Themenschwerpunkt "Bildungsbiographien und Bildungsverläufe"
Creators: name: Grunert, Cathleen
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2010

description: In diesem Beitrag wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Artikel der Ausgabe 2 (2005) der "bildungsforschung" mit dem Themenschwerpunkt "Bildungsbiographien und Bildungsverläufe" gegeben.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 2 (2005): Bildungsbiographien und Bildungsverläufe
Zur Akzeptanz von Diagnostik in Alphabetisierungskursen aus der Perspektive von Kursleitenden und Teilnehmenden
Creators: name: Nienkemper, Barbara
name: Bonna, Franziska
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2011

description: Im Artikel wird der gegenwärtige Stand zur Akzeptanz von Diagnostik in der Alphabetisierungsarbeit an Volkshochschulen dokumentiert. Obwohl Diagnostik nicht flächendeckend etabliert ist, besteht Einigkeit darüber, dass Förderdiagnostik relevant für den Lernprozess ist. Die Akzeptanz der Kursteilnehmenden wird erreicht, wenn sie mittels Diagnostik ihr Lernziel überprüfen können. Es zeichnet sich Diskussionsbedarf für die bislang zurückgestellte Frage der Zertifizierung von Grundbildungskompetenzen ab.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 2 (2011): Literalität, Schriftkultur, Analphabetismus
Machine Learning for Indoor Localization Using Mobile Phone-Based Sensors
Creators: name: Mascharka, David
name: Manley, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the problem of localizing a mobile device based on readings from its embedded sensors utilizing machine learning methodologies. We consider a real-world environment, collect a large dataset of 3110 datapoints, and examine the performance of a substantial number of machine learning algorithms in localizing a mobile device. We have found algorithms that give a mean error as accurate as 0.76 meters, outperforming other indoor localization systems reported in the literature. We also propose a hybrid instance-based approach that results in a speed increase by a factor of ten with no loss of accuracy in a live deployment over standard instance-based methods, allowing for fast and accurate localization. Further, we determine how smaller datasets collected with less density affect accuracy of localization, important for use in real-world environments. Finally, we demonstrate that these approaches are appropriate for real-world deployment by evaluating their performance in an online, in-motion experiment.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
LKB1 loss in melanoma disrupts directional migration toward extracellular matrix cues
Creators: name: King, Samantha J.
name: Dubose, Evan S.
name: Bo, Tao
name: Gomez, Shawn M.
name: Bear, James E.
name: Liu, Wenjin
name: Simon, Jeremy M.
name: Davis, Ian J.
name: Berginski, Matthew E.
name: Asokan, Sreeja B.
name: Sharpless, Norman E.
name: Chan, Keefe T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Somatic inactivation of the serine/threonine kinase gene STK11/LKB1/PAR-4 occurs in a variety of cancers, including ∼10% of melanoma. However, how the loss of LKB1 activity facilitates melanoma invasion and metastasis remains poorly understood. In LKB1-null cells derived from an autochthonous murine model of melanoma with activated Kras and Lkb1 loss and matched reconstituted controls, we have investigated the mechanism by which LKB1 loss increases melanoma invasive motility. Using a microfluidic gradient chamber system and time-lapse microscopy, in this paper, we uncover a new function for LKB1 as a directional migration sensor of gradients of extracellular matrix (haptotaxis) but not soluble growth factor cues (chemotaxis). Systematic perturbation of known LKB1 effectors demonstrated that this response does not require canonical adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity but instead requires the activity of the AMPK-related microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/PAR-1 family kinases. Inhibition of the LKB1–MARK pathway facilitated invasive motility, suggesting that loss of the ability to sense inhibitory matrix cues may promote melanoma invasion.
Superluminality in dilatationally invariant generalized Galileon theories
Creators: name: Kolevatov, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider small perturbations about homogeneous backgrounds in dilatationally-invariant Galileon models. The issues we address are stability (absence of ghosts and gradient instabilities) and superluminality. We show that in Minkowski background, it is possible to construct the Lagrangian in such a way that any homogeneous Galileon background solution is stable and small perturbations about it are subluminal. On the other hand, in the case of FLRW backgrounds, for any Lagrangian functions there exist homogeneous background solutions to the Galileon equation of motion and time-dependence of the scale factor, such that the stability conditions are satisfied, but the Galileon perturbations propagate with superluminal speed. Thus, a popular class of the generalized Galileon models is plagued by superluminality.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
(3795) Jane Fisher
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Spine skeleton morphogenesis during regeneration in the sea urchin Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata: Spatangoida)
Creators: name: SHARMANKINA (VINNIKOVA), Victoriia V.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2013

description: The process of reparative skeleton morphogenesis is described for spines following their total removal in the spatangoid Echinocardium cordatum. Spine regeneration was studied in three regions of the test – ambulacrum III, dorso- lateral and subanal. The reparative formation of the spines in ambulacrum III follows the stages of spine formation seen in their larval spiculogenesis, as well as in juveniles of Camarodonta sea urchin and in juveniles and adults of Clypeasteroida. The formation of spines from the subanal and dorso-lateral zones present a distinct mode of morphogenesis.
Vinculin phosphorylation differentially regulates mechanotransduction at cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions
Creators: name: Bays, Jennifer L.
name: Guilluy, Christophe
name: Superfine, Richard
name: Pan, Yuan
name: Peng, Xiao
name: Tolbert, Catlin E.
name: DeMali, Kris A.
name: Angell, Ashley E.
name: Burridge, Keith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Vinculin phosphorylation on residue Y822 is necessary for cell stiffening in response to tension on cadherins but not integrins.Cells experience mechanical forces throughout their lifetimes. Vinculin is critical for transmitting these forces, yet how it achieves its distinct functions at cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions remains unanswered. Here, we show vinculin is phosphorylated at Y822 in cell–cell, but not cell–matrix, adhesions. Phosphorylation at Y822 was elevated when forces were applied to E-cadherin and was required for vinculin to integrate into the cadherin complex. The mutation Y822F ablated these activities and prevented cells from stiffening in response to forces on E-cadherin. In contrast, Y822 phosphorylation was not required for vinculin functions in cell–matrix adhesions, including integrin-induced cell stiffening. Finally, forces applied to E-cadherin activated Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase to phosphorylate vinculin; Abl inhibition mimicked the loss of vinculin phosphorylation. These data reveal an unexpected regulatory mechanism in which vinculin Y822 phosphorylation determines whether cadherins transmit force and provides a paradigm for how a shared component of adhesions can produce biologically distinct functions.
Dokumentarische Interpretation narrativer Interviews
Creators: name: Nohl, Arnd-Michael
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2010

description: Das narrative Interview (von Fritz Schütze) und die dokumentarische Methode der Interpretation (von Ralf Bohnsack) gehören zu den zentralen Methoden der qualitativ-empirischen Bildungsforschung. Warum und wie narrative Interviews mit der dokumentarischen Methode interpretiert werden können, ist Thema dieses Beitrags. Die dokumentarische Interpretation narrativer Interviews greift zwar auf Elemente der Narrationsstrukturanalyse zurück, sie legt aber den Schwerpunkt auf komparative Analyse und Typenbildung.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 2 (2005): Bildungsbiographien und Bildungsverläufe
Computerbasierte Förderdiagnostik: Usability-Anforderungen von Interfaces für funktionale Analphabet/inn/en
Creators: name: Koppel, Ilka
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2011

description: Um valide Daten im Kontext einer computerbasierten Förderdiagnostik für Funktionale Analphabet/inn/en zu erhalten, ist auf eine zielgruppengerechte Gestaltung der Benutzeroberfläche zu achten. Die Anforderungen an die Usability (Gebrauchstauglichkeit) von Benutzer/innenoberflächen sind sowohl aus der förderdiagnostischen als auch der kognitionspsychologischen Perspektive abzuleiten. Ergänzt werden die Darstellungen bisheriger Erkenntnisse durch Ergebnisse eines Usability-Experiments, welches im Rahmen des Projekts lea.- Literalitätsentwicklung von Arbeitskräften durchgeführt wurde.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 2 (2011): Literalität, Schriftkultur, Analphabetismus
(3796) Mary Smith Muir Faulds
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
DNA loops generate intracentromere tension in mitosis
Creators: name: Falvo, Michael R.
name: Vasquez, Paula A.
name: Lawrimore, Josh
name: Vicci, Leandra
name: Bloom, Kerry
name: Yeh, Elaine
name: Forest, Gregory G.
name: Taylor, Russell M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The centromere is the DNA locus that dictates kinetochore formation and is visibly apparent as heterochromatin that bridges sister kinetochores in metaphase. Sister centromeres are compacted and held together by cohesin, condensin, and topoisomerase-mediated entanglements until all sister chromosomes bi-orient along the spindle apparatus. The establishment of tension between sister chromatids is essential for quenching a checkpoint kinase signal generated from kinetochores lacking microtubule attachment or tension. How the centromere chromatin spring is organized and functions as a tensiometer is largely unexplored. We have discovered that centromere chromatin loops generate an extensional/poleward force sufficient to release nucleosomes proximal to the spindle axis. This study describes how the physical consequences of DNA looping directly underlie the biological mechanism for sister centromere separation and the spring-like properties of the centromere in mitosis.
Ram Pressure Stripping of Hot Coronal Gas from Group and Cluster Galaxies and the Detectability of Surviving X-ray Coronae
Creators: name: Vijayaraghavan, Rukmani
name: Ricker, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ram pressure stripping can remove hot and cold gas from galaxies in the intracluster medium (ICM), as shown by observations of X-ray and HI galaxy wakes in nearby clusters of galaxies. However, ram pressure stripping, including pre-processing in group environments, does not remove all the hot coronal gas from cluster galaxies. Recent high-resolution Chandra observations have shown that $\sim 1 - 4$ kpc extended, hot galactic coronae are ubiquitous in group and cluster galaxies. To better understand this result, we simulate ram pressure stripping of a cosmologically motivated population of galaxies in isolated group and cluster environments. The galaxies and the host group and cluster are composed of collisionless dark matter and hot gas initially in hydrostatic equilibrium with the galaxy and host potentials. We show that the rate at which gas is lost depends on the galactic and host halo mass. Using synthetic X-ray observations, we evaluate the detectability of stripped galactic coronae in real observations by stacking images on the known galaxy centers. We find that coronal emission should be detected within $\sim 10$ arcsec, or $\sim 5$ kpc up to $\sim 2.3$ Gyr in the lowest (0.1 - 1.2 keV) energy band. Thus the presence of observed coronae in cluster galaxies significantly smaller than the hot X-ray halos of field galaxies indicates that at least some gas removal occurs within cluster environments for recently accreted galaxies. Finally, we evaluate the possibility that existing and future X-ray cluster catalogs can be used in combination with optical galaxy positions to detect galactic coronal emission via stacking analysis. We briefly discuss the effects of additional physical processes on coronal survival, and will address them in detail in future papers in this series.
description: 24 pages, 20 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Alphabetisierungskurse in Sachsen. Das Auffinden pluraler und vielgestaltiger Angebotsstrukturen
Creators: name: Schmidt-Lauff, Sabine
name: Sanders, Anne
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2011

description: Besonders die Volkshochschulen gelten in Deutschland als Hauptanbieter von Alphabetisierungskursen. Sie stellen den überwiegenden Teil aller Angebote zur Verfügung. Zugleich lassen sich regional spezifische Ausprägungen wie auch divergierende Programmstrukturen feststellen. Der Beitrag greift Ergebnisse einer bislang einzigartigen, regionalen Programmanalyse zu Alphabetisierungsangeboten unterschiedlichster Träger bzw. Institutionalformen in Sachsen auf, die "abweichend vom gesamtdeutschen Erscheinungsbild" durch Verschiedenartigkeiten ihrer Institutionenlandschaft wie auch Programmmerkmale gekennzeichnet sind. Mit der Programmanalyse stellen wir dabei über den sektionsspezifischen Forschungsgegenstand (Programm) eine genuine, originär weiterbildungsspezifische Forschungsmethode in den Vordergrund (vgl. Nuissl 2010; Käpplinger 2011).
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 2 (2011): Literalität, Schriftkultur, Analphabetismus
F-actin bundles direct the initiation and orientation of lamellipodia through adhesion-based signaling
Creators: name: Rotty, Jeremy D.
name: Johnson, Heath E.
name: King, Samantha J.
name: Haugh, Jason M.
name: Bear, James E.
name: Asokan, Sreeja B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: During cell migration, F-actin bundles/filopodia serve as templates for formation and orientation of lamellipodia and prime their stabilization by adhesion-based PI3K signaling.Mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts are weakly polarized and reorient directionality by a lamellipodial branching mechanism that is stabilized by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. However, the mechanisms by which new lamellipodia are initiated and directed are unknown. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to monitor cytoskeletal and signaling dynamics in migrating cells, we show that peripheral F-actin bundles/filopodia containing fascin-1 serve as templates for formation and orientation of lamellipodia. Accordingly, modulation of fascin-1 expression tunes cell shape, quantified as the number of morphological extensions. Ratiometric imaging reveals that F-actin bundles/filopodia play both structural and signaling roles, as they prime the activation of PI3K signaling mediated by integrins and focal adhesion kinase. Depletion of fascin-1 ablated fibroblast haptotaxis on fibronectin but not platelet-derived growth factor chemotaxis. Based on these findings, we conceptualize haptotactic sensing as an exploration, with F-actin bundles directing and lamellipodia propagating the process and with signaling mediated by adhesions playing the role of integrator.
A combinatorial approach for studying the effect of Mg concentration on precipitation in an Al-Cu-Li alloy
Creators: name: Gumbmann, Eva
name: De Geuser, Frederic
name: Deschamps, Alexis
name: Lefebvre, Williams
name: Robaut, Florence
name: Sigli, Chistophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a combinatorial approach to study the influence of Mg concentration on the precipitation kinetics in an Al-Cu-Li alloy using a diffusion couple made by linear friction welding. The precipitation kinetics is monitored in the composition gradient material using simultaneous space and time-resolved in-situ small-angle X-ray scattering measurements during ageing, and the strengthening of the precipitates is evaluated by micro-hardness profiles. This data provides an evaluation of the amount of Mg necessary to promote precipitation of the T1-Al2CuLi phase.
description: Submitted version to Scripta Materialia
Wege durch die Schule - Zum Zusammenhang zwischen institutionalisierten Bildungswegen und individuellen Bildungsverläufen im deutschen Schulsystem
Creators: name: Bellenberg, Gabriele
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2010

description: Während über institutionelle Bildungswege durch den schulischen Parcours im gegliederten Schulsystem in Deutschland ein umfangreiches Wissen vorzugsweise durch die Aufbereitung öffentlich zugänglicher schulstatistischer Daten vorliegt, können bildungsverlaufsbezogene Daten nur aus rekonstruktiv angelegten oder Längsschnittstudien gewonnen werden. Der Beitrag stellt beide Forschungsstränge mit Konzentration auf Bildungsverläufe bis zum Ende der Sek. I gegenüber. Verwiesen wird insbesondere auf Forschungsdesiderate, die durch bildungsverlaufsbezogene Forschung bearbeitet werden sollten.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 2 (2005): Bildungsbiographien und Bildungsverläufe
Eucaryotic metallothioneins: proteins, gene regulation and copper homeostasis
Creators: name: MOENNE, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2001

description: Heavy metals such as copper, iron and zinc are essential for eucaryotic cell viability and they are required only in
 trace amounts. High concentrations of these metals are toxic for the cells and they trigger different molecular response
 mechanisms. One of the best studied of such responses involves the synthesis of metallothioneins (MTs) which are low
 molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metals by means of their cysteine residues. MTs have been purified
 from different eucaryotic cells and their structural and heavy metal binding properties have been determined. MT genes have
 been cloned from animal cells, fungi, plants and algae and their transcriptional activation by heavy metals has been
 characterized. The overexpression of MTs results in the accumulation of heavy metals in the cells. The best studied model
 for copper tolerance and homeostasis is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this fungus, high concentrations of copper
 activate transcription of the gene coding for CUP1 MT. This process involves the binding of ACE1 transcription factor to
 the promoter of cup-1 gene. ACE1 directly binds copper ions and undergoes a conformational change that allows its binding
 to the promoter region. On the other hand, copper starvation triggers the transcriptional activation of at least two copper
 transporter genes and a copper reductase gene. This activation involves the binding of MAC1 factor to the promoter region
 of these genes. MAC1 is stable in the absence of copper but is degraded when it binds copper ions via its carboxy terminal
 domain. Therefore, ACE1 and MAC1 are transcription factors which are able to sense intracellular concentrations of copper
 and they are crucial for copper homeostasis mechanisms. The above mentioned are probably not the only mechanisms
 involved in copper tolerance and homeostasis. Therefore, additional effort will be required to elucidate other complementary
 mechanisms involved in these processes.
On the luminosity distance and the epoch of acceleration
Creators: name: Sutherland, Will
name: Rothnie, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard cosmological models based on general relativity (GR) with dark energy predict that the Universe underwent a transition from decelerating to accelerating expansion at a moderate redshift $z_{acc} \sim 0.7$. Clearly, it is of great interest to directly measure this transition in a model-independent way, without the assumption that GR is the correct theory of gravity. We explore to what extent supernova (SN) luminosity distance measurements provide evidence for such a transition: we show that, contrary to intuition, the well-known "turnover" in the SN distance residuals $Δμ$ relative to an empty (Milne) model does not give firm evidence for such a transition within the redshift range spanned by SN data. The observed turnover in that diagram is predominantly due to the negative curvature in the Milne model, {\em not} the deceleration predicted by $Λ$CDM and relatives. We show that there are several advantages in plotting distance residuals against a flat, non-accelerating model $(w = -1/3)$, and also remapping the $z-$axis to $u = \ln(1+z)$; we outline a number of useful and intuitive properties of this presentation. We conclude that there are significant complementarities between SNe and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs): SNe offer high precision at low redshifts and give good constraints on the net {\em amount} of acceleration since $z \sim 0.7$, but are weak at constraining $z_{acc}$; while radial BAO measurements are probably superior for placing direct constraints on $z_{acc}$.
description: Latex, 13 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. For the busy reader, Figs 4 and 6 are the main results
GMF controls branched actin content and lamellipodial retraction in fibroblasts
Creators: name: Asokan, Sreeja B.
name: Haynes, Elizabeth M.
name: Johnson, Heath E.
name: King, Samantha J.
name: Bear, James E.
name: Haugh, Jason M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The lamellipodium is an important structure for cell migration containing branched actin nucleated via the Arp2/3 complex. The formation of branched actin is relatively well studied, but less is known about its disassembly and how this influences migration. GMF is implicated in both Arp2/3 debranching and inhibition of Arp2/3 activation. Modulation of GMFβ, a ubiquitous GMF isoform, by depletion or overexpression resulted in changes in lamellipodial dynamics, branched actin content, and migration. Acute pharmacological inhibition of Arp2/3 by CK-666, coupled to quantitative live-cell imaging of the complex, showed that depletion of GMFβ decreased the rate of branched actin disassembly. These data, along with mutagenesis studies, suggest that debranching (not inhibition of Arp2/3 activation) is a primary activity of GMFβ in vivo. Furthermore, depletion or overexpression of GMFβ disrupted the ability of cells to directionally migrate to a gradient of fibronectin (haptotaxis). These data suggest that debranching by GMFβ plays an important role in branched actin regulation, lamellipodial dynamics, and directional migration.
GRHL2 coordinates regeneration of a polarized mucociliary epithelium from basal stem cells
Creators: name: Gao, Xia
name: Bali, Aman S.
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Hogan, Brigid L.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Pseudostratified airway epithelium of the lung is composed of polarized ciliated and secretory cells maintained by basal stem/progenitor cells. An important question is how lineage choice and differentiation are coordinated with apical–basal polarity and epithelial morphogenesis. Our previous studies indicated a key integrative role for the transcription factor Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2). In this study, we present further evidence for this model using conditional gene deletion during the regeneration of airway epithelium and clonal organoid culture. We also use CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in primary human basal cells differentiating into organoids and mucociliary epithelium in vitro. Loss of Grhl2 inhibits organoid morphogenesis and the differentiation of ciliated cells and reduces the expression of both notch and ciliogenesis genes ( Mcidas , Rfx2 , and Myb ) with distinct Grhl2 regulatory sites. The genome editing of other putative target genes reveals roles for zinc finger transcription factor Znf750 and small membrane adhesion glycoprotein in promoting ciliogenesis and barrier function as part of a network of genes coordinately regulated by Grhl2.
(3793) James Mitchell Alexander
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Interphase centrosome organization by the PLP-Cnn scaffold is required for centrosome function
Creators: name: Galletta, Brian J.
name: Fagerstrom, Carey J.
name: Jordan, Holly A.
name: Rusan, Nasser M.
name: Lerit, Dorothy A.
name: Poulton, John S.
name: Peifer, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle–dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability.Pericentriolar material (PCM) mediates the microtubule (MT) nucleation and anchoring activity of centrosomes. A scaffold organized by Centrosomin (Cnn) serves to ensure proper PCM architecture and functional changes in centrosome activity with each cell cycle. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that spatially restrict and temporally coordinate centrosome scaffold formation. Focusing on the mitotic-to-interphase transition in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, we show that the elaboration of the interphase Cnn scaffold defines a major structural rearrangement of the centrosome. We identify an unprecedented role for Pericentrin-like protein (PLP), which localizes to the tips of extended Cnn flares, to maintain robust interphase centrosome activity and promote the formation of interphase MT asters required for normal nuclear spacing, centrosome segregation, and compartmentalization of the syncytial embryo. Our data reveal that Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle–dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability.
Überlegungen zur Vermittlung und zum Erwerb biographischer Kompetenz in der Sportlehrerausbildung
Creators: name: Blotzheim, Dirk
Publisher: name: bildungsforschung
Year: 2010

description: In dem Beitrag werden Überlegungen zur Vermittlung und zum Erwerb biographischer Kompetenz in der Sportlehrerausbildung angestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde die berufsbiographische Erzählung als Methode erprobt. Deren Grundidee besteht darin, Sportstudierende anzuleiten, zu ihrer Biographie in Distanz zu treten, sich ihr reflexiv zuzuwenden und sie selbstkritisch zu bewerten. Auf diese Weise soll im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung des späteren Berufs als Sportlehrer gelernt werden, die eigene Biographie als entwickelbare Ressource einzusetzen.
description: bildungsforschung, Bd. 2 (2005): Bildungsbiographien und Bildungsverläufe
Coherent Modulation of the YBa2Cu3O6+x Atomic Structure by Displacive Stimulated Ionic Raman Scattering
Creators: name: Mankowsky, R.
name: Först, M.
name: Loew, T.
name: Porras, J.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Cavalleri, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the mechanism of coherent phonon generation by Stimulated Ionic Raman Scattering, a process different from conventional excitation with near visible optical pulses. Ionic Raman scattering is driven by anharmonic coupling between a directly excited infrared-active phonon mode and other Raman modes. We experimentally study the response of YBa2Cu3O6+x to the resonant excitation of apical oxygen motions at 20 THz by mid-infrared pulses, which has been shown in the past to enhance the interlayer superconducting coupling. We find coherent oscillations of four totally symmetric (Ag) Raman modes and make a critical assessment of the role of these oscillatory motions in the enhancement of superconductivity.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Fucoid algae as model organisms for investigating early embryogenesis
Creators: name: BOUGET, Francois-Yves
name: CORELLOU, Florence
name: KROPF, Darryl L.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2001

description: In the past few years, there have been exciting advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that control
 morphogenesis in fucoid embryos. In this article we review recent findings from our laboratories concerning 1) polarity
 establishment and expression in the zygote and 2) development of the zygote into a multicellular embryo.
Chemistry and physico-chemistry of phycocolloids
Creators: name: LAHAYE, Marc
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2001

description: A review on the chemistry, physico-chemistry and some gel characteristics of major phycocolloids is presented.
 These concern mainly agar, gelling carrageenans from red seaweeds, alginate from brown seaweeds and ulvans from green
 seaweeds.  Based on the available data, future research areas are proposed to better define the relationships between the
 different structural levels of these polysaccharides and their use as texturing agents.
P-MaNGA: Full spectral fitting and stellar population maps from prototype observations
Creators: name: Wilkinson, David M.
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Coccato, Lodovico
name: Tojeiro, Rita
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Belfiore, Francesco
name: Bershady, Matthew
name: Blanton, Mike
name: Bundy, Kevin
name: Cales, Sabrina
name: Cherinka, Brian
name: Drory, Niv
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Fu, Hai
name: Law, David
name: Li, Cheng
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Masters, Karen
name: Tremonti, Christy
name: Wake, David
name: Wang, Enci
name: Weijmans, Anne-Marie
name: Xiao, Ting
name: Yan, Renbin
name: Zhang, Kai
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Brinkmann, Jonathan
name: Kinemuchi, Karen
name: Malanushenko, Elena
name: Malanushenko, Viktor
name: Oravetz, Daniel
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Simmons, Audrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory) is a 6-year SDSS-IV survey that will obtain resolved spectroscopy from 3600 $Å$ to 10300 $Å$ for a representative sample of over 10,000 nearby galaxies. In this paper, we derive spatially resolved stellar population properties and radial gradients by performing full spectral fitting of observed galaxy spectra from P-MaNGA, a prototype of the MaNGA instrument. These data include spectra for eighteen galaxies, covering a large range of morphological type. We derive age, metallicity, dust and stellar mass maps, and their radial gradients, using high spectral-resolution stellar population models, and assess the impact of varying the stellar library input to the models. We introduce a method to determine dust extinction which is able to give smooth stellar mass maps even in cases of high and spatially non-uniform dust attenuation. With the spectral fitting we produce detailed maps of stellar population properties which allow us to identify galactic features among this diverse sample such as spiral structure, smooth radial profiles with little azimuthal structure in spheroidal galaxies, and spatially distinct galaxy sub-components. In agreement with the literature, we find the gradients for galaxies identified as early-type to be on average flat in age, and negative (- 0.15 dex / R$_e$ ) in metallicity, whereas the gradients for late-type galaxies are on average negative in age (- 0.39 dex / R$_e$ ) and flat in metallicity. We demonstrate how different levels of data quality change the precision with which radial gradients can be measured. We show how this analysis, extended to the large numbers of MaNGA galaxies, will have the potential to shed light on galaxy structure and evolution.
description: 33 pages, including 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mitotic chromosome length scales in response to both cell and nuclear size
Creators: name: Maddox, Paul S.
name: Ladouceur, Anne Marie
name: Dorn, Jonas F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Multicellular development requires that cells reduce in size as a result of consecutive cell divisions without increase in embryo volume. To maintain cellular integrity, organelle size adapts to cell size throughout development. During mitosis, the longest chromosome arm must be shorter than half of the mitotic spindle for proper chromosome segregation. Using high-resolution time-lapse microscopy of living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we have quantified the relation between cell size and chromosome length. In control embryos, chromosome length scaled to cell size. Artificial reduction of cell size resulted in a shortening of chromosome length, following a trend predicted by measurements from control embryos. Disturbing the RAN (Ras-related nuclear protein)-GTP gradient decoupled nuclear size from cell size and resulted in chromosome scaling to nuclear size rather than cell size; smaller nuclei contained shorter chromosomes independent of cell size. In sum, quantitative analysis relating cell, nuclear, and chromosome size predicts two levels of chromosome length regulation: one through cell size and a second in response to nuclear size.
The sulphated-galactan hydrolases, agarases and carrageenases: structural biology and molecular evolution
Creators: name: BARBEYRON, Tristan
name: FLAMENT, Didier
name: MICHEL, Gurvan
name: POTIN, Philippe
name: KLOAREG, Bernard
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2001

description: The carrageenans and agars are major cell-wall polysaccharides from red algae. These sulphated galactans are
 degraded by enzymes, called carrageenases and agarases that display strict substrate specifities and recognize the pattern of
 galactan sulphation. From a set of various marine bacteria enzymes, we have investigated the influence of ester-sulphate
 groups, of D/L isomery and of linkage anomery on the structure-function relationships of the specific galactan hydrolases
 that degrade sulphated polysaccharides. With this aim, we have cloned a representative set of sulphated-galactan hydrolase
 genes. The sequence analysis methods indicate that the β-agarases and κ-carrageenases display secondary structure
 similarities with members of family 16 of glycoside hydrolases. In contrast, the ι-carrageenases have no structural
 relationships with the family-16 β-agarases and κ-carrageenases and they constitute a novel structural family of glycan
 hydrolases. As a preliminary step towards the functional analysis of these two structural families, we have overexpressed the
 ι- and κ-carrageenase genes in Escherichia coli and crystals from these enzymes have been obtained. Finally, an α-agarase,
 the only one galactanase known to cleave the α-1,3 linkage in agarose has no similarity with other glycoside hydrolases or
 proteins and display some interesting characteristics. To date, this enzyme is an unclassified glycoside hydrolase.
Two Polo-like kinase 4 binding domains in Asterless perform distinct roles in regulating kinase stability
Creators: name: Rogers, Gregory C.
name: Nye, Jonathan
name: Buster, Daniel W.
name: Galletta, Brian J.
name: Slep, Kevin C.
name: Rusan, Nasser M.
name: Karen M. Plevock, M. Plevock
name: Hollingsworth, Natalie A.
name: Klebba, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Plk4 (Polo-like kinase 4) and its binding partner Asterless (Asl) are essential, conserved centriole assembly factors that induce centriole amplification when overexpressed. Previous studies found that Asl acts as a scaffolding protein; its N terminus binds Plk4’s tandem Polo box cassette (PB1-PB2) and targets Plk4 to centrioles to initiate centriole duplication. However, how Asl overexpression drives centriole amplification is unknown. In this paper, we investigated the Asl–Plk4 interaction in Drosophila melanogaster cells. Surprisingly, the N-terminal region of Asl is not required for centriole duplication, but a previously unidentified Plk4-binding domain in the C terminus is required. Mechanistic analyses of the different Asl regions revealed that they act uniquely during the cell cycle: the Asl N terminus promotes Plk4 homodimerization and autophosphorylation during interphase, whereas the Asl C terminus stabilizes Plk4 during mitosis. Therefore, Asl affects Plk4 in multiple ways to regulate centriole duplication. Asl not only targets Plk4 to centrioles but also modulates Plk4 stability and activity, explaining the ability of overexpressed Asl to drive centriole amplification.
Elimination of fast variables in chemical Langevin equations
Creators: name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Papoian, Garegin A.
name: Lan, Yueheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Internal and external fluctuations are ubiquitous in cellular signaling processes. Because biochemical reactions often evolve on disparate time scales, mathematical perturbation techniques can be invoked to reduce the complexity of stochastic models. Previous work in this area has focused on direct treatment of the master equation. However, eliminating fast variables in the chemical Langevin equation is also an important problem. We show how to solve this problem by utilizing a partial equilibrium assumption. Our technique is applied to a simple birth-death-dimerization process and a more involved gene regulation network, demonstrating great computational efficiency. Excellent agreement is found with results computed from exact stochastic simulations. We compare our approach with existing reduction schemes and discuss avenues for future improvement.