cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PR - Disentangling Farmersâ€™ Preferences And Cost Allocation Among Inputs For Food Security In Vihiga District, Kenya (p189-196)
Creators: name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Odhiambo, M.O.
name: Odunga, P.O.
name: Korir, M.K.
name: Otieno, D.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Farmers' preferences
subject: cost allocation
subject: Food security

description: Vihiga, one of the poorest and densely populated districts in Kenya is perpetually food deficit. Poor welfare indicators and resource base continue to curtail efforts to circumvent food insecurity among households in the district. In their current financial status, what are their preferences when it comes to choosing inputs for food production? How do they allocate their scarce input expenditure among the various inputs required for food production? What are their major considerations when they are making such choices? Descriptive statistics were used to determine input preferences and cost distribution among the farm inputs. Cluster sampling was used with divisions forming the main clusters in the district. Using systematic random sampling, 50 households were selected from each cluster resulting in a sample of 300. Results show that labour cost pre-dominates farm input cost followed by fertilizers and seed maize. Out of the total labour cost, land preparation, weeding and shelling account for the largest chunk of labour cost the balance being accounted for by planting, harvesting, topdressing and transport activities. Similarly, inorganic fertilizers are the major contributor to soil amendment costs. Similarly, local seed variety is preferred due to its low acquisition costs, while hybrid H 614 is preferred to other hybrid seed due to its performance and other desirable properties like low postharvest losses during handling. Farmersâ€™ input preference and a deeper understanding of contributors to input cost is critical for proper planning of farmers production. Especially when production is rain fed.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Additional file 8 of Xylitol enhances synthesis of propionate in the colon via cross-feeding of gut microbiota
Creators: name: Xiang, Shasha
name: Ye, Kun
name: Li, Mian
name: Ying, Jian
name: Wang, Huanhuan
name: Han, Jianzhong
name: Shi, Lihua
name: Xiao, Jie
name: Shen, Yubiao
name: Feng, Xiao
name: Bao, Xuan
name: Zheng, Yiqing
name: Ge, Yin
name: Zhang, Yalin
name: Liu, Chang
name: Chen, Jie
name: Chen, Yuewen
name: Tian, Shiyi
name: Zhu, Xuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Figure S7. Effects of xylitol on pentose and glucuronate interconversion metabolites in vitro (Redup regulate, Blue-down regulate).
PR - Improving Investment Diversification: Is Farmland As Good As Gold? (p396-405)
Creators: name: Painter, Marvin J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: investment portfolio performance
subject: farmland real estate investment trust

description: An analysis of Canadian farmland risk and return on investment shows that a Farmland Real Estate Investment Trust (F-REIT) and gold would have significantly enhanced portfolio performance over the past 35 years. Investors who desire low risk portfolios would not have benefited from an F-REIT or gold investment. However, investors in the medium risk category could have improved the financial performance of their portfolios by including an F-REIT investment rather than gold. The financial gains from F-REIT result from a level of risk that is lower than gold, REITs and stocks, an expected yield that is greater than for bonds, and a low correlation with other financial asset returns. The benefit for the agricultural market is that F-REITs inject new equity by purchasing land from retiring farmers and leasing to farmers who want to expand. The benefit for the non-farmer investor and institutional investors is improvement in overall portfolio financial performance. F-REITs can add value to a portfolio by being a hedge against inflation, diversifier and stabilizer, and by providing safety of principal. It is better than gold in some respects, including lower overall risk, less risk of price fluctuation, shorter price cycle (gold has a very long price cycle where it may take years to get back to a price it is currently at), and provides an annual dividend.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Equation of state and singularities in FLRW cosmological models
Creators: name: Fernandez-Jambrina, L.
name: Lazkoz, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider FLRW cosmological models with standard Friedmann equations, but leaving free the equation of state. We assume that the dark energy content of the universe is encoded in an equation of state $p=f(ρ)$, which is expressed with most generality in the form of a power expansion. The inclusion of this expansion in Friedmann equations allows us to construct a perturbative solution and to relate the coefficients of the equation of state with the formation of singularities of different types.
description: 4 pages, jpconf.cls, to appear in Proceedings of Spanish Relativity Meeting 2009 (ERE 09), Bilbao
Meredith Martin, Gillian Weiss, Le Roi-Soleil en mer. Art maritime et galériens dans la France de Louis XIV, Paris (Éditions de l’EHESS) 2022
Creators: name: Schmidt, Patrick
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2023

description: Meredith Martin, Gillian Weiss, Le Roi-Soleil en mer. Art maritime et galériens dans la France de Louis XIV, Paris (Éditions de l’EHESS) 2022, 350 p. (Représentations, 14), ISBN 978-2-7132-2950-3, EUR 32,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2023/4
Remote site control of an active site fidelity checkpoint in a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Creators: name: Andino, R.
name: Vignuzzi, M.
name: Vignuzzi, M.
name: Andino, R.
name: Stone, J.K.
name: Stone, J.K.
name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Cameron, C.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural basis for fidelity of nucleic acid polymerases remains controversial. An understanding of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) fidelity has become a topic of considerable interest as a result of recent experiments that show that a 2-fold increase in fidelity attenuates viral pathogenesis and a 2-fold decrease in fidelity reduces viral fitness. Here we show that a conformational change step preceding phosphoryl transfer is a key fidelity checkpoint for the poliovirus RdRp (3D pol). We provide evidence that this conformational change step is orientation of the triphosphate into a conformation suitable for catalysis, suggesting a kinetic and structural model for RdRp fidelity that can be extrapolated to other classes of nucleic acid polymerases. Finally, we show that a site remote from the catalytic center can control this checkpoint, which occurs at the active site. Importantly, similar connections between a remote site and the active site exist in a wide variety of viral RdRps. The capacity for sites remote from the catalytic center to alter fidelity suggests new possibilities for targeting the viral RdRp for antiviral drug development. © 2005 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Multiple full-length NS3 molecules are required for optimal unwinding of oligonucleotide DNA in vitro
Creators: name: Chen, Y.
name: Tackett, A.J.
name: Raney, K.D.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Tackett, A.J.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Raney, K.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: NS3 (nonstructural protein 3) from the hepatitis C virus is a 3′ → 5′ helicase classified in helicase superfamily 2. The optimally active form of this helicase remains uncertain. We have used unwinding assays in the presence of a protein trap to investigate the first cycle of unwinding by full-length NS3. When the enzyme was in excess of the substrate, NS3 (500 nM) unwound >80% of a DNA substrate containing a 15-nucleotide overhang and a 30-bp duplex (45:30-mer; 1 nM). This result indicated that the active form of NS3 that was bound to the DNA prior to initiation of the reaction was capable of processive DNA unwinding. Unwinding with varying ratios of NS3 to 45:30-mer allowed us to investigate the active form of NS3 during the first unwinding cycle. When the substrate concentration slightly exceeded that of the enzyme, little or no unwinding was observed, indicating that if a monomeric form of the protein is active, then it exhibits very low processivity. Binding of NS3 to the 45:30-mer was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, resulting in KD = 2.7 ± 0.4 nM. Binding to individual regions of the substrate was investigated by measuring the KD for a 15-mer oligonucleotide as well as a 30-mer duplex. NS3 bound tightly to the 15-mer (KD = 1.3 ± 0.2 nM) and, surprisingly, fairly tightly to the double-stranded 30-mer (KD = 11.3 ± 1.3 nM). However, NS3 was not able to rapidly unwind a blunt-end duplex. Thus, under conditions of optimal unwinding, the 45:30-mer is initially saturated with the enzyme, including the duplex region. The unwinding data are discussed in terms of a model whereby multiple molecules of NS3 bound to the single-stranded DNA portion of the substrate are required for optimal unwinding.
Wolfgang Mährle, Im Bann des Sonnenkönigs. Herzog Friedrich Carl von Württemberg-Winnental (1652–1698), Stuttgart (Kohlhammer) 2022
Creators: name: Finkeldei, Louis-David
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2023

description: Wolfgang Mährle, Im Bann des Sonnenkönigs. Herzog Friedrich Carl von Württemberg-Winnental (1652–1698), Stuttgart (Kohlhammer) 2022, 219 S. (Geschichte Württembergs. Impulse der Forschung, 7), ISBN 978-3-17-041308-5, EUR 28,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2023/4
Shadows of characteristic cycles, Verma modules, and positivity of Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes of Schubert cells
Creators: name: Aluffi, Paolo
name: Mihalcea, Leonardo C.
name: Schuermann, Joerg
name: Su, Changjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 14F10, 14N15

description: Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson (CSM) classes generalize to singular and/or noncompact varieties the classical total homology Chern class of the tangent bundle of a smooth compact complex manifold. The theory of CSM classes has been extended to the equivariant setting by Ohmoto. We prove that for an arbitrary complex projective manifold $X$, the homogenized, torus equivariant CSM class of a constructible function $φ$ is the restriction of the characteristic cycle of $φ$ via the zero section of the cotangent bundle of $X$. This extends to the equivariant setting results of Ginzburg and Sabbah. We specialize $X$ to be a (generalized) flag manifold $G/B$. In this case CSM classes are determined by a Demazure-Lusztig (DL) operator. We prove a `Hecke orthogonality' of CSM classes, determined by the DL operator and its Poincar{é} adjoint. We further use the theory of holonomic $\mathcal{D}_X$-modules to show that the characteristic cycle of a Verma module, restricted to the zero section, gives the CSM class of the corresponding Schubert cell. Since the Verma characteristic cycles naturally identify with the Maulik and Okounkov's stable envelopes, we establish an equivalence between CSM classes and stable envelopes; this reproves results of Rim{á}nyi and Varchenko. As an application, we obtain a Segre type formula for CSM classes. In the non-equivariant case this formula is manifestly positive, showing that the expansion in the Schubert basis of the CSM class of a Schubert cell is effective. This proves a previous conjecture by Aluffi and Mihalcea, and it extends previous positivity results by J. Huh in the Grassmann manifold case. Finally, we generalize all of this to partial flag manifolds $G/P$.
description: 54 pages; substantial changes in v3 including: a simplified proof of the positivity theorem based on a transversality formula for CSM classes; added details and improved exposition; added appendix on the equivariant versions of non-characteristic pull backs of characteristic cycles and an equivariant CSM transversality formula
On the central ionizing star of G23.96+0.15 and near-IR spectral classification of O stars
Creators: name: Crowther, Paul A
name: Furness, James P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: A near-infrared study of the main ionizing star of the ultracompact HII region G23.96+0.15 (IRAS 18317-0757) is presented, along with a re-evaluation of the distance to this source, and a re-assessment of H- and K-band classification diagnostics for O dwarfs; Methods: We have obtained near-IR VLT/ISAAC imaging and spectroscopy of G23.96+0.15, plus archival imaging from UKIRT/UFTI. A spectroscopic analysis was carried out using a non-LTE model atmosphere code; Results: A quantitative H- and K-band classification scheme for O dwarfs is provided, from which we establish an O7.5V spectral subtype for the central star of G23.96+0.15. We estimate an effective temperature of Teff ~ 38 kK from a spectral analysis; Conclusions: A spectroscopic distance of 2.5 kpc is obtained for G23.96+0.15, substantially lower than the kinematic distance of 4.7 kpc, in common with recent studies of other Milky way HII regions. Such discrepancies would be alleviated if sources are unresolved binaries or clusters.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for Astronomy & Astrophysics
Calculus of Variations with Differential Forms
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Saugata
name: Dacorogna, Bernard
name: Sil, Swarnendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J10, 49J45

description: We study integrals of the form $\int_Ωf\left( dω\right)$, where $1\leq k\leq n$, $f:Λ^{k}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is continuous and $ω$ is a $\left(k-1\right)$-form. We introduce the appropriate notions of convexity, namely ext. one convexity, ext. quasiconvexity and ext. polyconvexity. We study their relations, give several examples and counterexamples. We finally conclude with an application to a minimization problem.
Reflecting on cosmetic surgery : body image, shame and narcissism
Creators: name: Northrop, Jane Megan
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Cosmetic surgery is an extreme form of modern grooming. Its growth and progressive normalisation has been paralleled by increased interest, and frequent alarm, from within the academy. Social historians have located cosmetic surgery's ascendancy within the technological trajectory of medicine, set against a social world fascinated with appearance. Feminists have argued cosmetic surgery is a tool of patriarchy which oppresses and subjugates women, while sociologists have examined cosmetic surgery as a medical discourse and a form of consumption. This study took a grounded approach to engage thirty women through in-depth interview to explore how they chose cosmetic surgery as an option. Their accounts frame a theoretical discussion which proposes cosmetic surgery is initiated within the vulnerable and divisive relationship between the self and its poor body image. Participants dismissed the widely held belief that media is to be blamed for distorting the relationship women have to their appearance, choosing instead to locate the source of their discontent much closer to home. Following the work of the psychoanalyst, Paul Schilder (1950), and the sociologist, Charles Horton Cooley (1962), body image is interpreted as an ongoing process constructed in social interaction with significant others. This study examined the way in which these interactions contribute to poor body image. Poor body image and the attempt at its reparation are examined conceptually through shame and narcissism to expand upon a sociological understanding of body image and its relationship to cosmetic surgery. By engaging data and theorists from multiple disciplines this study found that shame constitutes a framework within which we formulate appearance norms and learn the art of becoming socially embodied. Shame exposes the material body and the ways in which we manage its margins. Shame concerns the self, but it arises in response to perceived social phenomena. Through the evaluation and amendment of body image with cosmetic surgery, notions of self and social worthiness are played out. As this study progressed, the relationship between shame and narcissism emerged as increasingly significant. This study concludes by arguing for a review of the way in which we understand narcissism and proposes that shame is directly implicated in its manifestation.
Stimulation of poliovirus RNA synthesis and virus maturation in a HeLa cell-free in vitro translation-RNA replication system by viral protein 3CD pro
Creators: name: Rombaut, B.
name: Rombaut, B.
name: Paul, A.V.
name: Pathak, H.B.
name: Wimmer, E.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Franco, D.
name: Wimmer, E.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Pathak, H.B.
name: Franco, D.
name: Paul, A.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Poliovirus protein 3CDpro possesses both proteinase and RNA binding activities, which are located in the 3Cpro domain of the protein. The RNA polymerase (3Dpol) domain of 3CDpro modulates these activities of the protein. We have recently shown that the level of 3CDpro in HeLa cell-free in vitro translation-RNA replication reactions is suboptimal for efficient virus production. However, the addition of either 3CDpro mRNA or of purified 3CDpro protein to in vitro reactions, programmed with viral RNA, results in a 100-fold increase in virus yield. Mutational analyses of 3CDpro indicated that RNA binding by the 3Cpro domain and the integrity of interface I in the 3D pol domain of the protein are both required for function. The aim of these studies was to determine the exact step or steps at which 3CD pro enhances virus yield and to determine the mechanism by which this occurs. Our results suggest that the addition of extra 3CDpro to in vitro translation RNA-replication reactions results in a mild enhancement of both minus and plus strand RNA synthesis. By examining the viral particles formed in the in vitro reactions on sucrose gradients we determined that 3CDpro has only a slight stimulating effect on the synthesis of capsid precursors but it strikingly enhances the maturation of virus particles. Both the stimulation of RNA synthesis and the maturation of the virus particles are dependent on the presence of an intact RNA binding site within the 3C pro domain of 3CDpro. In addition, the integrity of interface I in the 3Dpol domain of 3CDpro is required for efficient production of mature virus. Surprisingly, plus strand RNA synthesis and virus production in in vitro reactions, programmed with full-length transcript RNA, are not enhanced by the addition of extra 3CDpro. Our results indicate that the stimulation of RNA synthesis and virus maturation by 3CDpro in vitro is dependent on the presence of a VPg-linked RNA template.
Structure-function relationships of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from poliovirus (3Dpol): A surface of the primary oligomerization domain functions in capsid precursor processing and VPg uridylylation
Creators: name: Sharma, S.D.
name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Pathak, H.B.
name: Barton, D.J.
name: Paul, A.V.
name: Yoder, J.D.
name: Sharma, S.D.
name: Ghosh, S.K.B.
name: Gohara, D.W.
name: Roberts, A.W.
name: Ghosh, S.K.B.
name: Yoder, J.D.
name: Barton, D.J.
name: Roberts, A.W.
name: Gohara, D.W.
name: Pathak, H.B.
name: Paul, A.V.
name: Arnold, J.J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The primary oligomerization domain of poliovirus polymerase, 3Dpol, is stabilized by the interaction of the back of the thumb subdomain of one molecule with the back of the palm subdomain of a second molecule, thus permitting the head-to-tail assembly of 3Dpol monomers into long fibers. The interaction of Arg-455 and Arg-456 of the thumb with Asp-339, Ser-341, and Asp-349 of the palm is key to the stability of this interface. We show that mutations predicted to completely disrupt this interface do not produce equivalent growth phenotypes. Virus encoding a polymerase with changes of both residues of the thumb to alanine is not viable; however, virus encoding a polymerase with changes of all three residues of the palm to alanine is viable. Biochemical analysis of 3Dpol derivatives containing the thumb or palm substitutions revealed that these derivatives are both incapable of forming long fibers, suggesting that polymerase fibers are not essential for virus viability. The RNA binding activity, polymerase activity, and thermal stability of these derivatives were equivalent to that of the wild-type enzyme. The two significant differences observed for the thumb mutant were a modest reduction in the ability of the altered 3CD proteinase to process the VP0/VP3 capsid precursor and a substantial reduction in the ability of the altered 3Dpol to catalyze oriI-templated uridylylation of VPg. The defect to uridylylation was a result of the inability of 3CD to stimulate this reaction. Because 3C alone can substitute for 3CD in this reaction, we conclude that the lethal replication phenotype associated with the thumb mutant is caused, in part, by the disruption of an interaction between the back of the thumb of 3Dpol and some undefined domain of 3C. We speculate that this interaction may also be critical for assembly of other complexes required for poliovirus genome replication.
Volker Leppin, Stefan Michels (Hg.), Reformation als Transformation? Interdisziplinäre Zugänge zum Transformationsparadigma als historiographischer Beschreibungskategorie, Tübingen (Mohr Siebeck) 2022
Creators: name: Zwierlein, Cornel
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2023

description: Volker Leppin, Stefan Michels (Hg.), Reformation als Transformation? Interdisziplinäre Zugänge zum Transformationsparadigma als historiographischer Beschreibungskategorie, Tübingen (Mohr Siebeck) 2022, 285 S. (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation/Studies in the Late Middle Ages, Humanism, and the Reformation, 126), ISBN 978-3-16-161276-3, EUR 104,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2023/4
PR - Canterbury Dairying - A Study In Land Use Change And Increasing Production (p81-87)
Creators: name: Pangborn, M.C.
name: Woodford, K.B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land use change
subject: dairy productivity
subject: irrigation

description: The purpose of this research was to quantify the extent of the increase in dairy farming in Canterbury, New Zealand, and to examine factors that have led to the changes in land use and production. In this paper we present data on land use change, production and productivity, together with product price data for the alternative activities. Data were obtained from a variety of printed sources and personal communications. Between 1980 and 2009 the land used for dairying in Canterbury increased from about 20,000 ha to nearly 190,000 ha. Per cow and per hectare production also increased both in absolute terms and also relative to elsewhere in New Zealand. Total production increased about fifteen fold during this period. On a national basis Canterbury produced 15% of New Zealandâ€™s milk in 2008-09 compared to 2% in 1982-83. Drivers of this land use change were the development of irrigation, lower land prices relative to elsewhere in New Zealand, the adoption of new technologies and reduced profitability of some aspects of traditional farming systems. It is suggested that, given the current price relativities and some further irrigation development, the Canterbury land area involved in dairy farming could double in the next 20 years.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Hepatitis C Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (NS5B) as a Mediator of the Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin
Creators: name: Hong, Z.
name: Maag, D.
name: Hong, Z.
name: Maag, D.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Castro, C.
name: Castro, C.
name: Cameron, C.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Ribavirin is administered in combination with interferon-α for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Recently, we demonstrated that the antiviral activity of ribavirin can result from the ability of a viral RNA polymerase to utilize ribavirin triphosphate and to incorporate this nucleotide with reduced specificity, thereby mutagenizing the genome and decreasing the yield of infectious virus (Crotty, S., Maag, D., Arnold, J. J., Zhong, W., Lau, J. Y., Hong, Z., Andino, R., and Cameron, C. E. (2000) Nat. Med. 6, 1375-1379). In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of a novel HCV RNA polymerase derivative that is capable of utilizing stably annealed primer-template substrates and exploited this derivative to evaluate whether lethal mutagenesis of the HCV genome is a possible mechanism for the anti-HCV activity of ribavirin. These studies demonstrate HCV RNA polymerase-catalyzed incorporation of ribavirin opposite cytidine and uridine. In addition, we demonstrate that templates containing ribavirin support CMP and UMP incorporation with equivalent efficiency. Surprisingly, templates containing ribavirin can also cause a significant block to RNA elongation. Together, these data suggest that ribavirin can exert a direct effect on HCV replication, which is mediated by the HCV RNA polymerase. We discuss the implications of this work on the development of nucleoside analogs for treatment of HCV infection.
Unwinding of nucleic acids by HCV NS3 helicase is sensitive to the structure of the duplex
Creators: name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Tackett, A.J.
name: Wei, L.
name: Wei, L.
name: Tackett, A.J.
name: Raney, K.D.
name: Raney, K.D.
name: Cameron, C.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase, non-structural protein 3 (NS3), is proposed to aid in HCV genome replication and is considered a target for inhibition of HCV. In order to investigate the substrate requirements for nucleic acid unwinding by NS3, substrates were prepared by annealing a 30mer oligonucleotide to a 15mer. The resulting 15 bp duplex contained a single-stranded DNA overhang of 15 nt referred to as the bound strand. Other substrates were prepared in which the 15mer DNA was replaced by a strand of peptide nucleic acid (PNA). The PNA-DNA substrate was unwound by NS3, but the observed rate of strand separation was at least 25-fold slower than for the equivalent DNA-DNA substrate. Binding of NS3 to the PNA-DNA substrate was similar to the DNA-DNA substrate, due to the fact that NS3 initially binds to the single-stranded overhang, which was identical in each substrate. A PNA-RNA substrate was not unwound by NS3 under similar conditions. In contrast, morpholino-DNA and phosphorothioate-DNA substrates were utilized as efficiently by NS3 as DNA-DNA substrates. These results indicate that the PNA-DNA and PNA-RNA heteroduplexes adopt structures that are unfavorable for unwinding by NS3, suggesting that the unwinding activity of NS3 is sensitive to the structure of the duplex.
Quasi-bound states of Schrodinger and Dirac electrons in magnetic quantum dot
Creators: name: Masir, M. Ramezani
name: Matulis, A.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of a two-dimensional electron are investigated in the presence of a circular step magnetic field profile. Both electrons with parabolic dispersion as well as Dirac electrons with linear dispersion are studied. We found that in such a magnetic quantum dot no electrons can be confined. Nevertheless close to the Landau levels quasi-bound states can exist with a rather long life time.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
RNA virus error catastrophe: Direct molecular test by using ribavirin
Creators: name: Andino, R.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Crotty, S.
name: Andino, R.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Crotty, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: RNA viruses evolve rapidly. One source of this ability to rapidly change is the apparently high mutation frequency in RNA virus populations. A high mutation frequency is a central tenet of the quasispecies theory. A corollary of the quasispecies theory postulates that, given their high mutation frequency, animal RNA viruses may be susceptible to error catastrophe, where they undergo a sharp drop in viability after a modest increase in mutation frequency. We recently showed that the important broad-spectrum antiviral drug ribavirin (currently used to treat hepatitis C virus infections, among others) is an RNA virus mutagen, and we proposed that ribavirin's antiviral effect is by forcing RNA viruses into error catastrophe. However, a direct demonstration of error catastrophe has not been made for ribavirin or any RNA virus mutagen. Here we describe a direct demonstration of error catastrophe by using ribavirin as the mutagen and poliovirus as a model RNA virus. We demonstrate that ribavirin's antiviral activity is exerted directly through lethal mutagenesis of the viral genetic material. A 99.3% loss in viral genome infectivity is observed after a single round of virus infection in ribavirin concentrations sufficient to cause a 9.7-fold increase in mutagenesis. Compiling data on both the mutation levels and the specific infectivities of poliovirus genomes produced in the presence of ribavirin, we have constructed a graph of error catastrophe showing that normal polio-virus indeed exists at the edge of viability. These data suggest that RNA virus mutagens may represent a promising new class of antiviral drugs.
Energy Gaps in a Spacetime Crystal
Creators: name: Horwitz, L. P.
name: Engelberg, E. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an analysis of the band structure of a spacetime potential lattice created by a standing electromagnetic wave. We show that there are energy band gaps. We estimate the effect, and propose a measurement that could confirm the existence of such phenomena.
description: 8 pages. 2 figures
Poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D(pol)): Structural, biochemical, and biological analysis of conserved structural motifs A and B
Creators: name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Andino, R.
name: Andino, R.
name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Yoder, J.D.
name: Yoder, J.D.
name: Crotty, S.
name: Gohara, D.W.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Gohara, D.W.
name: Crotty, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We have constructed a structural model for poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D(pol)) in complex with a primer-template (sym/sub) and ATP. Residues found in conserved structural motifs A (Asp-238) and B (Asn-297) are involved in nucleotide selection. Asp-238 appears to couple binding of nucleotides with the correct sugar configuration to catalytic efficiency at the active site of the enzyme. Asn-297 is involved in selection of ribonucleoside triphosphates over 2'-dNTPs, a role mediated most likely via a hydrogen bond between the side chain of this residue and the 2'-OH of the ribonucleoside triphosphate. Substitutions at position 238 or 297 of 3D(pol) produced derivatives exhibiting a range of catalytic efficiencies when assayed in vitro for poly(rU) polymerase activity or sym/sub elongation activity. A direct correlation existed between activity on sym/sub and biological phenotypes; a 2.5-fold reduction in polymerase elongation rate produced virus with a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype. These data permit us to propose a detailed, structural model for nucleotide selection by 3D(pol), confirm the biological relevance of the sym/sub system, and provide additional evidence for kinetic coupling between RNA synthesis and subsequent steps in the virus life cycle.
Quantum work statistics of linear and nonlinear parametric oscillators
Creators: name: Deffner, Sebastian
name: Abah, Obinna
name: Lutz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the nonequilibrium work distribution of a quantum oscillator with modulated angular frequency. We examine the discrete-to-continuous transition of the distribution as the temperature and the degree of nonadiabaticity of the frequency transformation are increased. We further develop a perturbative approach to analyze the effect of weak quartic anharmonicities, as well as of a random electric field on a charged oscillator. We find in both cases that the degree of nonadiabaticity is enhanced by the perturbation.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D(pol)). Assembly of stable, elongation-competent complexes by using a symmetrical primer-template substrate (sym/sub)
Creators: name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Cameron, C.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Detailed studies of the kinetics and mechanism of nucleotide incorporation catalyzed by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from poliovirus, 3D(pol), have been limited by the inability to assemble elongation complexes that permit activity to be monitored by extension of end-labeled primers. We have solved this problem by employing a short, symmetrical, heteropolymeric RNA primer-template that we refer to as 'sym/sub'. Formation of 3D(pol)- sym/sub complexes is slow owing to a slow rate of association (0.1 μM-1 s-1) of 3D(pol) and sym/sub and a slow isomerization (0.076 s-1) of the 3D(pol)-sym/sub complex that is a prerequisite for catalytic competence of this complex. Complex assembly is stoichiometric under conditions in which competing reactions, such as enzyme inactivation, are eliminated. Inactivation of 3D(pol) occurs at a maximal rate of 0.051 s-1 at 22 °C in reaction buffer lacking nucleotide. At this temperature, ATP protects 3D(pol) against inactivation with a K0.5 of 37 μM. Once formed, 3D(pol)-sym/sub elongation complexes are stable (t( 1/2 ) = 2 h at 22 °C) and appear to contain only a single polymerase monomer. In the presence of Mg2+, AMP, 2'-dAMP, and 3'-dAMP are incorporated into sym/sub by 3D(pol) at rates of 72, 0.6, and 1 s-1, respectively. After incorporation of AMP, 3D(pol)-sym/sub product complexes have a half-life of 8 h at 22 °C. The stability of 3D(pol)-sym/sub complexes is temperature-dependent. At 30 °C, there is a 2-8-fold decrease in complex stability. Complex dissociation is the rate-limiting step for primer utilization. 3D(pol) dissociates from the end of template at a rate 10-fold faster than from internal positions. The sym/sub system will facilitate mechanistic analysis of 3D(pol) and permit a direct kinetic and thermodynamic comparison of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to the other classes of nucleic acid polymerases.
Scoparia ifugaoensis Leger 2024, sp. n.
Creators: name: Léger, Théo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Scoparia
Scoparia ifugaoensis

description: Scoparia ifugaoensis Léger, sp. n.
https://zoobank.org/ 39C22D7E-8279-4E89-8CAD-62744326FF1F
Figs. 12, 68, 127.
MATERIAL
Holotype: ♂ (specimen identifier coll.mfn-berlin.de_u_68e35d, DNA voucher MFNLEP-PYRALPHIL07-B03, genitalia on slide TL1026♂; BOLD sample ID PYPHI080-21, Genbank Accession Number PP196766). PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Benguet, Mount Tabayoc, 2350 m, 22-25.11.1997 (K. Ebert, W. Mey, M. Nuss). Deposited in MfN.
Paratypes: 3 ♀ (specimen identifiers coll.mfn-berlin.de_u_e117ac, 543b12, 1bbabf) (detailed information in Table S1; https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mh).
SIMILAR SPECIES
Scoparia spadix Nuss, 1998.
DIAGNOSIS
Scoparia ifugaoensis sp. n. resembles Scoparia spadix but has darker forewings (Fig. 12), while S. spadix has scattered copper scales. The male genitalia (Fig. 68) are similar to those of Scoparia aenea sp. n., but the three cornuti are of increasing size in S. ifugaoensis. The female genitalia (Fig. 127) are similar to those of Scoparia noacki (female of S. spadix is unknown) and cannot be separated from them with confidence.
HABITUS (FIG. 12)
Forewing length 6 mm (n = 1), ground color dark brown, with snow white and copper markings. Large antemedian band ocher, edged basally and distally with snow white lines. Median area dark brown scattered with snow white scales. Two distal discoidal copper patches, distally abutted with white markings. Postmedian and subterminal lines meeting at midlength, forming “X” shape, white. Margin with 6-7 white spots. Fringe dirty white. Hindwings dirty white.
MALE GENITALIA (FIG. 68)
As in S. noacki except for the vesica that bears two smallsized (50 μm) and one medium-sized (90 μm) cornuti.
FEMALE GENITALIA (FIG. 127)
As in S. noacki.
DISTRIBUTION
PHILIPPINES: Luzon (Benguet, Ifugao). Collected at altitudes between 2000 and 2350 m.
DNA BARCODING
A maximum intraspecific p-distance of 3.4% is found between specimens MFNLEP-PYRALPHIL07-B03 (Luzon: Benguet) and MFNLEP-PYRALPHIL07-F02 (Luzon: Ifugao). Scoparia ifugaoensis sp. n. is recovered as sister species to Scoparia aenea sp. n. in the RAxML tree (BS = 95).
description: Published as part of Léger, Théo, 2024, Half of the Diversity Undescribed: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals 32 New Species and a High Cryptic Diversity in the Scopariinae and Crambinae of the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), pp. 1-93 in Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists 3 (2) on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.18061/bssb.v3i2.9527, http://zenodo.org/record/15116964
Single-nucleotide resolution of RNA strands in the presence of their RNA complements
Creators: name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Ghosh, S.K.B.
name: Ghosh, S.K.B.
name: Arnold, J.J.
name: Cameron, C.E.
name: Cameron, C.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Double-stranded (ds)RNA is important
for a variety of biological systems.
The discovery of the dsRNA-binding
motif (dsRBM), coupled with the occurrence
of this motif in a wide variety
of functionally diverse proteins, has led
to increased interest and study of -
dsRNA (6,14). For example, the dsRNA-
activated protein kinase (PKR), an
enzyme involved in the cellular antiviral
response, contains two tandem copies
of the dsRBM. In addition, the dsRNA
adenine deaminases (dsRADs) contain
three tandem copies of this motif (7).
Likewise, the study of the RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity
associated with RNA virus transcriptases
and replicases also requires the
use of dsRNA. In each of these systems, the length of the typical RNA used is in
the 10–80 bp range (1,9).
Avoided crossing resonances: structural and dynamical aspects
Creators: name: Lizuain, I.
name: Hernandez-Concepcion, E.
name: Muga, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine structural and dynamical properties of quantum resonances associated with an avoided crossing and identify the parameter shifts where these properties attain maximal or extreme values, first at a general level, and then for a two-level system coupled to a harmonic oscillator, of the type commonly found in quantum optics. Finally the results obtained are exemplified and applied to optimize the fidelity and speed of quantum gates in trapped ions.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
PR - Demonstration Farms And Technology Transfer---the Case Of The Lincoln University Dairy Farm (p166-171)
Creators: name: Pangborn, M.C.
name: Woodford, K.B.
name: Nuthall, P.L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: dairy demonstration farm
subject: technology transfer
subject: farmer adoption

description: In 2001, Lincoln University and six commercial, education and research partners established a 161 hectare dairy farm (milking platform) and formed the South Island Dairy Development Centre (SIDDC) to demonstrate â€˜best practiceâ€™ for South Island dairy farmers. In 2008, to assess the impact of the Lincoln University Dairy Farm (LUDF), a survey was sent to 622 farmers located in the LUDF extension catchment. Responses totalled 146 (24% response rate). The mean age of respondents was 45 years with 77% having some form of tertiary education. Respondents had higher milksolids production per cow (419 kg) and per hectare (1441 kg) than the Canterbury averages (381kg and 1224kg respectively). Most respondents (86%) identified themselves as using moderate levels of supplementary feeding (Systems 2, 3, 4). Nearly 70% of respondents attended at least one focus day (field day) over a three year period. Most attended to learn about grazing and animal management, to benchmark against the LUDF from a production and financial standpoint, and to learn about environmental management. Focus day attendees had larger operations and higher levels of productivity than those who never attended. Over 68% of respondents visited the farm website each year, with some visiting more than 30 times, but mainly to view benchmarking data rather than to learn about new technologies. Of the technologies promoted by the LUDF, 82% of farmers had adopted low grazing residuals and 74% had re-grassed paddocks based on monitoring. Lower numbers had adopted synchronisation of heifers to calve a week before the main herd (29%), aggressive hormone intervention for non-cycling (42%) and a nil induction policy (36%). Over 70% felt that the adoption of some of the LUDF technologies had made their farm management easier. Twenty three farmers were willing to place an economic value on the adoption of LUDF practices. These ranged from $50,000 per year to $1,000,000 per year. It is concluded that a demonstration farm with clearly defined extension messages can be effective at achieving farmer adoption, that adoption is high for messages where farmers see clear economic advantages, and that farmers obtain information from a wide variety of sources.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Eva Maria Lehner, Taufe – Ehe – Tod. Praktiken des Verzeichnens in frühneuzeitlichen Kirchenbüchern, Göttingen (Wallstein) 2023
Creators: name: Le Cam, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2023

description: Eva Maria Lehner, Taufe – Ehe – Tod. Praktiken des Verzeichnens in frühneuzeitlichen Kirchenbüchern, Göttingen (Wallstein) 2023, 366 S., 25 Abb. (Historische Wissensforschung, 22), ISBN 978-3-8353-5380-0, EUR 34,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2023/4
PR - Duty Of Care Towards The Environment On New Zealand Farms (p9-17)
Creators: name: Parminter, Terry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agricultural systems
subject: welfare

description: A description is provided of how the principles of environmental duty of care can be applied within the policy milieu of New Zealandâ€™s livestock industries. Workshops with farmers in the Waikato region were used to explore concepts associated sustainable farming. Duty of care principles were developed from the workshop results. About 120 farmers attended the workshops. They came from a mix of backgrounds and enterprise type, from dairying and mixed livestock, to deer farmers. The concepts and practices of sustainable farming was generally understood to consist of maintaining: efficient farm animals, contented farm animals, productive vegetation, clean water, control of feral pests, farmer and farm family health, and adequate rural and agricultural services. Plans developed through the Resource Management Act (1991) are able to limit the extreme consequences of unsustainable practices but may not be enough to encourage farmers to avoid putting at risk the long term state of natural resources in their care. The use of feed budgets, nutrient budgets, water budgets and animal observation can assist farmers to incorporate duty of care principles and find a balance between achieving farm viability and sustainability.
description: Eighteenth International Farm Management Congress, Methven, New Zealand, 2011
Exterior convexity and classical calculus of variations
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Saugata
name: Sil, Swarnendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49-XX

description: We study the relation between various notions of exterior convexity introduced in Bandyopadhyay-Dacorogna-Sil \cite{BDS1} with the classical notions of rank one convexity, quasiconvexity and polyconvexity. To this end, we introduce a projection map, which generalizes the alternating projection for two-tensors in a new way and study the algebraic properties of this map. We conclude with a few simple consequences of this relation which yields new proofs for some of the results discussed in Bandyopadhyay-Dacorogna-Sil \cite{BDS1}.
description: The original publication is available at www.esaim-cocv.org https://www.esaim-cocv.org/articles/cocv/abs/2016/02/cocv150007/cocv150007.html
Nonlinear gauge interactions: a possible solution to the "measurement problem" in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Hansson, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two fundamental, and unsolved problems in physics are: i) the resolution of the "measurement problem" in quantum mechanics ii) the quantization of strongly nonlinear (nonabelian) gauge theories. The aim of this paper is to suggest that these two problems might be linked, and that a mutual, simultaneous solution to both might exist. We propose that the mechanism responsible for the "collapse of the wave function" in quantum mechanics is the nonlinearities already present in the theory via nonabelian gauge interactions. Unlike all other models of spontaneous collapse, our proposal is, to the best of our knowledge, the only one which does not introduce any new elements into the theory. A possible experimental test of the model would be to compare the coherence lengths - here defined as the distance over which quantum mechanical superposition is still valid - for, \textit{e.g}, electrons and photons in a double-slit experiment. The electrons should have a finite coherence length, while photons should have a much longer coherence length (in principle infinite, if gravity - a very weak effect indeed unless we approach the Planck scale - is ignored).
description: 11 pages, Accepted for publication