Crassignatha Wunderlich 1995
Creators: name: Miller, Jeremy
name: Griswold, Charles
name: Yin, Chang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Symphytognathidae
Crassignatha

description: Genus <i>Crassignatha</i> Wunderlich, 1995 <i>Crassignatha</i> Wunderlich, 1995: 546. Type species <i>Crassignatha haeneli</i> Wunderlich, 1995. <b>Family placement.</b> Conflicting opinions have led to instability in the family placement of <i>Crassignatha</i>. Wunderlich (1995) described <i>Crassignatha</i> as part of the family Synaphridae (which he considered a subfamily of a broadly circumscribed Anapidae). Marusik and Lehtinen (2003) suggested it might belong to Symphytognathidae; Wunderlich (2004: 1081) suggested Anapidae (<i>sensu stricto</i>); Platnick (2008) has cataloged it under Mysmenidae. The systematics and circumscription of symphytognathoid spider families, especially Anapidae and Symphytognathidae, is in need of revision. Nevertheless, we predict that an affinity between <i>Crassignatha</i> and at least some <i>Patu</i> among the Symphytognathidae will be born out, supported in part by similarities in cheliceral armature and the male tibia II clasping spur. <b>Diagnosis.</b> Distinguished from other symphytognathid genera except <i>Patu</i> and <i>Curimagua</i> Forster &amp; Platnick, 1977 by having the chelicerae fused only near the base (Fig. 78A); distinguished from <i>Patu</i> by the sculpturing of the carapace (Fig. 77 E-F; Wunderlich 1995: fig. 15); usually further distinguished from <i>Patu</i> by the abdominal scutum in the male wrapping around the posterior (Fig. 74A; scutum absent in <i>C. haeneli</i>, Wunderlich 2004); from <i>Curimagua</i> by having eyes in three diads (two triads in <i>Curimagua</i>; Forster and Platnick 1977) and one (entire or bifid) or two cheliceral teeth (Figs 78A, 91E; <i>Curimagua</i> is toothless; Forster and Platnick 1977). The poorly known genus <i>Anapogonia</i> Simon, 1905 was not considered for this diagnosis. <b>Description.</b> Tiny ecribellate araneoid spiders. Total length 0.6-1.3. Six eyes in three doublets (Fig. 82F, 91C). Carapace with fields of tubercles and pores (Figs 77E, F, 91A-D). Head region and clypeus raised in male, clypeus with two vertical clusters of sulci (Fig. 82F). Sternum truncate posteriorly. Chelicerae fused near base, fang furrow absent, usually with a single anterior tooth bearing a small mesal apex (Fig. 78A) except in <i>C. longtou</i>, which has two subequal teeth (Fig. 91E). Labrum weakly sclerotized, without spur (Fig. 78 B-C). Female palp absent. Metatarsus-tarsus joint without synaphrid-like distal constriction (see Lopardo et al. 2007). Tarsal organ near proximal margin, round, on slightly raised base (Fig. 78D). Tibiae with two dorsal rows of trichobothria, metatarsi I and II (plus III in <i>C. longtou</i>) with trichobothrium. Male tibia II with field of 2-4 thick setae on ventral distal part. Abdominal setae long and sparse. Male abdomen usually with scutum laterally and posteriorly; female without scutum, although a sclerotized ring around spinnerets may be present (Fig. 80B). Spinnerets with ventral orientation. Adult male retains flagelliform aggregate triplet (Fig. 85F). Colulus absent (Fig. 85E). Epiandrous gland spigots absent (Fig. 78E). Male palp: Palpal tibia without trichobothria (Fig. 77C). Cymbium with dorsal tooth near distal margin (Fig. 77B). Tegulum large and bulbous. Plate-like median apophysis on prolateral part of bulb. Membranous apophysis arises from near anterior part of median apophysis (Fig. 82C). Embolus usually thick, rigid, more or less spiral, rarely long and flexible. Vulva: Epigynum present, usually a short rounded scape (Fig. 79), rarely a transverse bulge (Fig. 91F). Two round spermathecae separated by about their diameter. Copulatory ducts follow a path to near apex of scape (Fig. 76B); fertilization ducts inconspicuous. <b>Species.</b> Wunderlich (1995) established <i>Crassignatha</i> to accommodate <i>C. haeneli</i> based on a single male specimen from Malaysia. Seven new species are added to the genus: <i>C. pianma</i>, <i>C. yinzhi</i>, <i>C. quanqu</i>, <i>C. yamu</i>, <i>C. ertou</i>, <i>C. gudu</i>, and <i>C. longtou</i>.
description: Published as part of <i>Miller, Jeremy, Griswold, Charles &amp; Yin, Chang, 2009, The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers, pp. 9-195 in ZooKeys 11 (11)</i> on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.11.160, http://zenodo.org/record/576459
description: {"references": ["Wunderlich J (1995) Drei bisher unbekannte Arten und Gattungen der Familie Anapidae (s. l.) aus Sud-Afrika, Brasilien und Malaysia (Arachnida: Araneae). Beitrage zur Araneologie 4: 543 - 551 (date on volume 1994; actually published 1995).", "Marusik YM, Lehtinen PT (2003) Synaphridae Wunderlich, 1986 (Aranei: Araneoidea), a new family status, with a description of a new species from Turkmenistan. Arthropoda Selecta 11: 143 - 152 (date on volume 2002; actually published 2003).", "Wunderlich J (2004) The fossil spiders of the family Anapidae s. l. (Aeaneae) [sic] in Baltic, Dominican and Mexican amber and their extant relatives, with the description of the new subfamily Comarominae. Beitrage zur Araneologie 3: 1020 - 1111.", "Platnick N (2008) The World Spider Catalog, Version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. http: // research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / INTRO 1. html", "Forster RR, Platnick N (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2619: 1 - 29.", "Lopardo L, Hormiga G, Melic A (2007) Spinneret spigot morphology in synaphrid spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with comments on the systematics of the family and description of a new speices of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain. American Museum Novitates 3556: 1 - 26."]}