cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improve it or lose it: evolvability costs of competition for expression
Creators: name: Moran, Jacob
name: Finlay, Devon
name: Tikhonov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Expression level is known to be a strong determinant of a protein's rate of evolution. But the converse can also be true: evolutionary dynamics can affect expression levels of proteins. Having implications in both directions fosters the possibility of a feedback loop, where higher expressed systems are more likely to improve and be expressed even higher, while those that are expressed less are eventually lost to drift. Using a minimal model to study this in the context of a changing environment, we demonstrate that one unexpected consequence of such a feedback loop is that a slow switch to a new environment can allow genotypes to reach higher fitness sooner than a direct exposure to it.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Material
An Empirical 3D Model of the Large-scale Coronal Structure Based on the Distribution of Prominences on the Solar Disk
Creators: name: Morgan, Huw
name: Habbal, S. Rifai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the wealth of solar data currently available, the explicit connection between coronal streamers and features on the solar disk remains unresolved. An empirical three-dimensional model, which reproduces the evolution of the large-scale coronal structure starting from the solar surface, is presented. The model is based on the view that the source of the large-scale coronal structure, namely streamers, is a consequence of the evolution of twisted sheet-like structures originating from prominences (or, equivalently, filaments) at the base of the corona. The high-density sheets evolve and merge with height into a final radial configuration constrained by the oberved position of streamers stalks higher up in the corona. The observational constraints are provided by white light observations from the LASCO/C2 data during the declining phase of solar activity, spanning the end of Carrington Rotation (CR) 2005 and the start of CR 2006, i.e. July-August 2003, and the position of filaments from the corresponding H$α$ synoptic maps of the Paris-Meudon Observatory. The 3D model thus derived yields a reasonable agreement with the observed large-scale coronal structure, in particular the shape of large helmet streamers. These results give confidence in the underlying assumption that large helmet streamers can be the result of the convergence of two or more sheet-like structures originating from a distribution of prominences on the solar disk. The model supports the view that streamers, during that time of the solar cycle, are often associated with multiple current sheets.
Evolutionary status of W Vir pulsating variables
Creators: name: Fadeyev, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar evolution calculations for population II stars with initial composition $Y_0=0.25$, $Z_0=10^{-3}$ and the initial stellar mass $M_0 = 0.82M_\odot$ were carried out from the main sequence to the white dwarf stage. Twelve AGB and post--AGB evolutionary sequences were computed with different values of the parameter in the Blocker mass loss rate formula ($0.01\leη_B\le 0.12$). Selected models of evolutionary sequences with masses $M=0.536M_\odot$, $0.530M_\odot$ and $0.526M_\odot$ that experience the loop in the Hertzsprung--Russel diagram due to the final helium flash were used as initial conditions for solution of the equations of hydrodynamics describing radial stellar oscillations. The region of instability to radial fundamental mode pulsations is shown to extend from the asymptotic giant branch to effective temperatures as high as $T_\mathrm{eff}\approx 6\times 10^3$ K. Pulsation periods of hydrodynamic models are in the range from 15 to 50 day and agree with periods of W~Vir pulsating stars. The models of intermediate spectral type fundamental mode pulsators with periods $Π> 50$ day locate in the upper part of the Hertzsprung--Russel diagram in the region of semiregular pulsating variables. We conclude that W~Vir pulsating variables are the low--mass post--AGB stars that experience the final helium flash.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted to Astronomy Letters
StarcNet: Machine Learning for Star Cluster Identification
Creators: name: Perez, Gustavo
name: Messa, Matteo
name: Calzetti, Daniela
name: Maji, Subhransu
name: Jung, Dooseok
name: Adamo, Angela
name: Siressi, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a machine learning (ML) pipeline to identify star clusters in the multi{color images of nearby galaxies, from observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Treasury Project LEGUS (Legacy ExtraGalactic Ultraviolet Survey). StarcNet (STAR Cluster classification NETwork) is a multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) which achieves an accuracy of 68.6% (4 classes)/86.0% (2 classes: cluster/non-cluster) for star cluster classification in the images of the LEGUS galaxies, nearly matching human expert performance. We test the performance of StarcNet by applying pre-trained CNN model to galaxies not included in the training set, finding accuracies similar to the reference one. We test the effect of StarcNet predictions on the inferred cluster properties by comparing multi-color luminosity functions and mass-age plots from catalogs produced by StarcNet and by human-labeling; distributions in luminosity, color, and physical characteristics of star clusters are similar for the human and ML classified samples. There are two advantages to the ML approach: (1) reproducibility of the classifications: the ML algorithm's biases are fixed and can be measured for subsequent analysis; and (2) speed of classification: the algorithm requires minutes for tasks that humans require weeks to months to perform. By achieving comparable accuracy to human classifiers, StarcNet will enable extending classifications to a larger number of candidate samples than currently available, thus increasing significantly the statistics for cluster studies.
The aesthetics of distance and Jun’ichiro Tanizaki
Creators: name: Kanayama, Yasuko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The aim of this thesis is to examine the transformation and development of Jun'ichiro Tanizaki's "Aesthetics of distance" in male-female relationship as well as in the main characters' perception of reality, through his three major works: Chijin no ai (Naomi), Shunkinsho (The Story of Shunkin), and Fulen rojin nikki (A Diary of a Mad Old Man). For Tanizaki, distance, whether in a spiritual, spatial, or social dimension, functions as a mechanism through which characters and readers perceive as well as measure reality. Furthermore, for him, beauty is measured by remoteness (distance) from man's existence. The alien, the unattainable, the elusive, all of which characterize his female characters, are also manifestations of or embodiments of distance. To attain, to possess the highly desired beauty (found in women), not only detracts but actually destroys the pleasure in distance. Chijin no ai shows how male-protagonist Joji destroys the pleasure of distance. Tanizaki develops his aesthetics of distance in a more sophisticated manner in Shunkinsho. In this work, he links his concept of distance to the aesthetics of shadow. By employing a historical setting, particular narrative strategies ( ambiguous description and multiple narrators), and by utilizing a blind heroine, he successfully creates a distant world in faint outline, as he calls it, "the world of shadows" which evokes reader's imagination. Imagination forms a vital link to the elaboration of the aesthetics of distance in Futen rojin nikki. Utsugi, an ailing old man, experiences pleasure in both limitation and prohibition. In living his life as "theater" (between the real and the unreal), he is able to discover an even higher form of pleasure: the pleasure of imagination. The ultimate achievement in this work is that he is able to depict "death" as something between the real and the unreal, the attainable and the unattainable, resulting, once again, in a sublime imaginative experience. In the literary portrayal of "death", Tanizaki finally and completely fulfills his aesthetics of distance.
Fixed-Point Code Synthesis For Neural Networks
Creators: name: Benmaghnia, Hanane
name: Martel, Matthieu
name: Seladji, Yassamine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the last few years, neural networks have started penetrating safety critical systems to take decisions in robots, rockets, autonomous driving car, etc. A problem is that these critical systems often have limited computing resources. Often, they use the fixed-point arithmetic for its many advantages (rapidity, compatibility with small memory devices.) In this article, a new technique is introduced to tune the formats (precision) of already trained neural networks using fixed-point arithmetic, which can be implemented using integer operations only. The new optimized neural network computes the output with fixed-point numbers without modifying the accuracy up to a threshold fixed by the user. A fixed-point code is synthesized for the new optimized neural network ensuring the respect of the threshold for any input vector belonging the range [xmin, xmax] determined during the analysis. From a technical point of view, we do a preliminary analysis of our floating neural network to determine the worst cases, then we generate a system of linear constraints among integer variables that we can solve by linear programming. The solution of this system is the new fixed-point format of each neuron. The experimental results obtained show the efficiency of our method which can ensure that the new fixed-point neural network has the same behavior as the initial floating-point neural network.
Monolithic thin-film chalcogenide-silicon tandem solar cells enabled by a diffusion barrier
Creators: name: Hajijafarassar, Alireza
name: Martinho, Filipe
name: Stulen, Fredrik
name: Grini, Sigbjørn
name: López-Mariño, Simón
name: Espíndola-Rodríguez, Moises
name: Döbeli, Max
name: Canulescu, Stela
name: Stamate, Eugen
name: Gansukh, Mungunshagai
name: Engberg, Sara
name: Crovetto, Andrea
name: Vines, Lasse
name: Schou, Jørgen
name: Hansen, Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the recent success of monolithically integrated Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells, great interest has been raised in searching for alternative wide bandgap top-cell materials with prospects of a fully earth-abundant, stable and efficient tandem solar cell. Thin film chalcogenides (TFCs) such as the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) could be suitable top-cell materials. However, TFCs have the disadvantage that generally at least one high temperature step (>500 C) is needed during the synthesis, which could contaminate the Si bottom cell. Here, we systematically investigate the monolithic integration of CZTS on a Si bottom solar cell. A thermally resilient double-sided Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) structure is used as bottom cell. A thin (<25 nm) TiN layer between the top and bottom cells, doubles as diffusion barrier and recombination layer. We show that TiN successfully mitigates in-diffusion of CZTS elements into the c-Si bulk during the high temperature sulfurization process, and find no evidence of electrically active deep Si bulk defects in samples protected by just 10 nm TiN. Post-process minority carrier lifetime in Si exceeded 1.5 ,s. i.e., a promising implied open-circuit voltage (i-Voc) of 715 mV after the high temperature sulfurization. Based on these results, we demonstrate a first proof-of-concept two-terminal CZTS/Si tandem device with an efficiency of 1.1% and a Voc of 900 mV. A general implication of this study is that the growth of complex semiconductors on Si using high temperature steps is technically feasible, and can potentially lead to efficient monolithically integrated two-terminal tandem solar cells.
On the functional equation $F(A(z))=G(B(z)),$ where $A,B$ are polynomial$ and $F,G$ are continuous functions
Creators: name: Pakovich, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12D99; 30C99

description: In this note we describe solutions of the equation: $F(A(z))=G(B(z)),$ where $A,B$ are polynomials and $F,G$ are continuous functions on the Riemann sphere.
description: 6 pages, revised
The Isomorphism Problem for Planar 3-Connected Graphs is in Unambiguous Logspace
Creators: name: Thierauf, Thomas
name: Wagner, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The isomorphism problem for planar graphs is known to be efficiently solvable. For planar 3-connected graphs, the isomorphism problem can be solved by efficient parallel algorithms, it is in the class $AC^1$. In this paper we improve the upper bound for planar 3-connected graphs to unambiguous logspace, in fact to $UL \cap coUL$. As a consequence of our method we get that the isomorphism problem for oriented graphs is in $NL$. We also show that the problems are hard for $L$.
"Their works do follow them" : Tlingit women and Presbyterian missions
Creators: name: Parry, Alison Ruth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using an ethnohistorical method which combines archival material with ethnographic material collected mostly by anthropologists, this thesis provides a history of Tlingit women's interaction with the Presbyterian missions. The Presbyterians, who began their work among the Tlingit of southeastern Alaska in the 1870s, were particularly concerned with the introduction of "appropriate" gender roles. Although participating in the roles and activities defined by the Presbyterians as "women's work", Tlingit women incorporated Presbyterian forms of practice into their own cultural frames of reference. The end result, unintended by the missionaries, was that Tlingit women were provided with a new power base.
Restricted Motzkin permutations, Motzkin paths, continued fractions, and Chebyshev polynomials
Creators: name: Elizalde, Sergi
name: Mansour, Toufik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05, 05A15 (Primary); 30B70, 42C05 (Secondary)

description: We say that a permutation $π$ is a Motzkin permutation if it avoids 132 and there do not exist $a
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Layer-selective spin-orbit coupling and strong correlation in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Seiler, Anna M.
name: Zhumagulov, Yaroslav
name: Zollner, Klaus
name: Yoon, Chiho
name: Urbaniak, David
name: Geisenhof, Fabian R.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Weitz, R. Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and electron-electron interaction can mutually influence each other and give rise to a plethora of intriguing phenomena in condensed matter systems. In pristine bilayer graphene, which has weak SOC, intrinsic Lifshitz transitions and concomitant van-Hove singularities lead to the emergence of many-body correlated phases. Layer-selective SOC can be proximity induced by adding a layer of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) on its one side. By applying an electric displacement field, the system can be tuned across a spectrum wherein electronic correlation, SOC, or a combination of both dominates. Our investigations reveal an intricate phase diagram of proximity-induced SOC-selective bilayer graphene. Not only does this phase diagram include those correlated phases reminiscent of SOC-free doped bilayer graphene, but it also hosts unique SOC-induced states allowing a compelling measurement of valley g-factor and a seemingly impossible correlated insulator at charge neutrality, thereby showcasing the remarkable tunability of the interplay between interaction and SOC in WSe2 enriched bilayer graphene.
THE USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Creators: name: Mirzayeva, Hilola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, modern technologies have played a key role in the educational process, especially in learning foreign languages. The use of digital tools and online resources in teaching English to university students is significantly changing approaches to teaching and learning. This article examines the methods of technology implementation in English language teaching, their advantages and challenges.
Long-term photospheric instabilities and envelopes dynamics in the post-AGB binary system 89 Herculis
Creators: name: Gangi, M.
name: Giarrusso, M.
name: Munari, M.
name: Ferrara, C.
name: Scalia, C.
name: Leone, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a long-term optical spectroscopic study of the post-AGB binary system 89 Herculis, with the aim to characterize the relationship between photospheric instabilities and dynamics in the close circumstellar environment of the system. This study is based on spectra acquired with the high-resolution Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter and archive data, covering a time interval between 1978 and 2018. We find long-term changes in the radial velocity curve of the system, occurring mostly in amplitude, which correlate with the variability observed in the blue-shifted absorption component of the P Cygni like H$α$ profile. Two possible scenarios are discussed. We also find strong splitting in the s-process elements of \ion{Ba}{ii} $6141.713$ Å and $6496.898$ Å\,lines, with short-term morphological variations. A Gaussian decomposition of such profiles allows us to distinguish four shell components, two expanding and two in-falling toward the central star, which are subject to the orbital motion of the system and are not affected by the long-term instabilities. Finally, we find that the numerous metal lines in emission could originate in regions of a structured circumbinary disk that have sizes proportional to the energy of the corresponding upper level transition $\rm E_{up}$. This study demonstrates the potential of long-term high-resolution spectroscopy in linking together the instability processes occurring during the late evolutionary stages of post-AGBs and the subsequent phase of PNe.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Sobolev--type metrics in the space of curves
Creators: name: Mennucci, A. C. G.
name: Yezzi, A.
name: Sundaramoorthi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a manifold $M$ where objects $c\in M$ are curves, which we parameterize as $c:S^1\to R^n$ ($n\ge 2$, $S^1$ is the circle). Given a curve $c$, we define the tangent space $T_cM$ of $M$ at $c$ including in it all deformations $h:S^1\to R^n$ of $c$. In this paper we study geometries on the manifold of curves, provided by Sobolev--type metrics $H^j$. We study $H^j$ type metrics for the cases $j=1,2$; we prove estimates, and characterize the completion of the space of smooth curves. As a bonus, we prove that the Fréchet distance of curves (see arXiv:math.DG/0312384) coincides with the distance induced by the ``Finsler $L^\infinity$ metric'' defined in \S2.2 in arXiv:math.DG/0412454.
Recruitment pack sample Specialist Pathway
Creators: name: Kolehmainen, Niina
name: Craw, Olivia
Publisher: name: Newcastle University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111403 Paediatrics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: The NHS Ethics approved recruitment pack for the ActiveCHILD Study 1, specialist pathway recruitment. NHS Trust details removed for confidentiality but the locations and nature of these indicated on the materials. The pack does not include the parent or child participant/patient information sheet ('PIS') as these were printed separately in landscape and can be viewed under separate doi's.
Post-AO high-resolution imaging using the Kraken multi-frame blind deconvolution algorithm
Creators: name: Hope, Douglas A.
name: Jefferies, Stuart M.
name: Causi, Gianluca Li
name: Landoni, Marco
name: Stangalini, Marco
name: Pedichini, Fernando
name: Antoniucci, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) for large telescopes, we present the Kraken multi-frame blind deconvolution (MFBD) algorithm for processing high-cadence acquisitions, capable to provide a diffraction-limited estimation of the source brightness distribution. This is achieved by a data modeling of each frame in the sequence driven by the estimation of the instantaneous wavefront at the entrance pupil. Under suitable physical contraints, numerical convergence is guaranteed by an iteration scheme starting from a Compact MFBD (CMFBD) which provides a very robust initial guess which only employs a few frames. We describe the mathematics behind the process and report the high-resolution reconstruction of the spectroscopic binary α And (16.3 mas separation) acquired with the precursor of SHARK-VIS, the upcoming high-contrast camera in the visible for the Large Binocular Telescope.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Efficient Minimization of DFAs with Partial Transition Functions
Creators: name: Valmari, Antti
name: Lehtinen, Petri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Let PT-DFA mean a deterministic finite automaton whose transition relation is a partial function. We present an algorithm for minimizing a PT-DFA in $O(m \lg n)$ time and $O(m+n+α)$ memory, where $n$ is the number of states, $m$ is the number of defined transitions, and $α$ is the size of the alphabet. Time consumption does not depend on $α$, because the $α$ term arises from an array that is accessed at random and never initialized. It is not needed, if transitions are in a suitable order in the input. The algorithm uses two instances of an array-based data structure for maintaining a refinable partition. Its operations are all amortized constant time. One instance represents the classical blocks and the other a partition of transitions. Our measurements demonstrate the speed advantage of our algorithm on PT-DFAs over an $O(αn \lg n)$ time, $O(αn)$ memory algorithm.
Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts. Patenting trends worldwide. Period 2016-2020
Creators: name: Villanueva, Samuel
name: Pinto-Castilla, Susana
name: Zapata, María José
name: Henríquez, Magaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: patents; regeneration of catalysts; reactivation of catalysts

description: The Data came from 1091granted patents about Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts from 2016- 2020.
CWISE J014611.20-050850.0AB: The Widest Known Brown Dwarf Binary in the Field
Creators: name: Softich, Emma
name: Schneider, Adam C.
name: Patience, Jennifer
name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya
name: Faherty, Jacqueline K.
name: Caselden, Dan
name: Meisner, Aaron M.
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Kuchner, Marc J.
name: Gagne, Jonathan
name: Gagliuffi, Daniella Bardalez
name: Cushing, Michael C.
name: Casewell, Sarah L.
name: Aganze, Christian
name: Hsu, Chih-Chun
name: Andersen, Nikolaj Stevnbak
name: Kiwy, Frank
name: Thevenot, Melina
name: Worlds, The Backyard
name: :
name: Collaboration, Planet 9
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While stars are often found in binary systems, brown dwarf binaries are much rarer. Brown dwarf--brown dwarf pairs are typically difficult to resolve because they often have very small separations. Using brown dwarfs discovered with data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, we inspected other, higher resolution, sky surveys for overlooked cold companions. During this process we discovered the brown dwarf binary system CWISE J0146$-$0508AB, which we find has a very small chance alignment probability based on the similar proper motions of the components of the system. Using follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy with Keck/NIRES, we determined component spectral types of L4 and L8 (blue), making CWISE J0146$-$0508AB one of only a few benchmark systems with a blue L dwarf. At an estimated distance of $\sim$40 pc, CWISE J0146$-$0508AB has a projected separation of $\sim$129 AU, making it the widest separation brown dwarf pair found to date. We find that such a wide separation for a brown dwarf binary may imply formation in a low-density star-forming region.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Low-temperature thermal conductivity of Co$_{1-x}$M$_x$Si (M=Fe, Ni) alloys
Creators: name: Ivanov, Yu. V.
name: Levin, A. A.
name: Novikov, S. V.
name: Pshenay-Severin, D. A.
name: Volkov, M. P.
name: Zyuzin, A. Yu.
name: Burkov, A. T.
name: Nakama, T.
name: Schnatmann, L. U.
name: Reith, H.
name: Nielsch, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-temperature electrical and thermal conductivity of CoSi and Co$_{1-x}$M$_x$Si alloys (M = Fe, Ni; $x \leq$ 0.06). Measurements show that the low-temperature electrical conductivity of Co$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$Si alloys decreases at $x > $ 0.01 by an order of magnitude compared with that of pure CoSi. It was expected that both the lattice and electronic contributions to thermal conductivity would decrease in the alloys. However, our experimental results revealed that at temperatures below 20K the thermal conductivity of Fe- and Ni-containing alloys is several times larger than that of pure CoSi. We discuss possible mechanisms of the thermal conductivity enhancement. The most probable one is related to the dominant scattering of phonons by charge carriers. We propose a simple theoretical model that takes into account the complex semimetallic electronic structure of CoSi with nonequivalent valleys, and show that it explains well the increase of the lattice thermal conductivity with increasing disorder and the linear temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity in the Co$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Si alloys below 20K.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Recruitment pack sample Universal pathway
Creators: name: Kolehmainen, Niina
name: Craw, Olivia
Publisher: name: Newcastle University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111704 Community Child Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: The NHS Ethics approved recruitment pack for the ActiveCHILD Study 1, universal pathway recruitment. NHS Trust details removed for confidentiality but the locations and nature of these indicated on the materials. The pack does not include the parent or child participant/patient information sheet ('PIS') as these were printed separately in landscape and can be viewed under separate doi's.
Design by Measure and Conquer, A Faster Exact Algorithm for Dominating Set
Creators: name: Van Rooij, Johan M. M.
name: Bodlaender, Hans L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The measure and conquer approach has proven to be a powerful tool to analyse exact algorithms for combinatorial problems, like Dominating Set and Independent Set. In this paper, we propose to use measure and conquer also as a tool in the design of algorithms. In an iterative process, we can obtain a series of branch and reduce algorithms. A mathematical analysis of an algorithm in the series with measure and conquer results in a quasiconvex programming problem. The solution by computer to this problem not only gives a bound on the running time, but also can give a new reduction rule, thus giving a new, possibly faster algorithm. This makes design by measure and conquer a form of computer aided algorithm design. When we apply the methodology to a Set Cover modelling of the Dominating Set problem, we obtain the currently fastest known exact algorithms for Dominating Set: an algorithm that uses $O(1.5134^n)$ time and polynomial space, and an algorithm that uses $O(1.5063^n)$ time.
Discovery of A candidate Hypervelocity star originated from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy
Creators: name: Huang, Yang
name: Li, Qingzheng
name: Zhang, Huawei
name: Li, Xinyi
name: Sun, Weixiang
name: Chang, Jiang
name: Dong, Xiaobo
name: Liu, Xiaowei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we report the discovery of an intriguing HVS (J1443+1453) candidate that is probably from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph). The star is an old and very metal-poor low-mass main-sequence turn-off star (age $\sim14.0$ Gyr and [Fe/H] $= -2.23$ dex) and has a total velocity of $559.01^{+135.07}_{-87.40}$ km s$^{-1}$ in the Galactic rest-frame and a heliocentric distance of $2.90^{+0.72}_{-0.48}$ kpc. The velocity of J1443+1453 is larger than the escape speed at its position, suggesting it a promising HVS candidate. By reconstructing its trajectory in the Galactic potential, we find that the orbit of J1443+1453 intersects closely with that of the Sgr dSph $37.8^{+4.6}_{-6.0}$ Myr ago, when the latter has its latest pericentric passage through the Milky Way. The encounter occurs at a distance $2.42^{+1.80}_{-0.77}$ kpc from the centre of Sgr dSph, smaller than the size of the Sgr dSph. Chemical properties of this star are also consistent with those of one Sgr dSph associated globular cluster or of the Sgr stream member stars. Our finding suggests that J1443+1453 is an HVS either tidally stripped from the Sgr dSph or ejected from the Sgr dSph by the gravitational slingshot effect, requiring a (central) massive/intermediate-mass black hole or a (central) massive primordial black hole in the Sgr dSph.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJL
Is Our Universe Likely to Decay within 20 Billion Years?
Creators: name: Page, Don N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations that we are highly unlikely to be vacuum fluctuations suggest that our universe is decaying at a rate faster than the asymptotic volume growth rate, in order that there not be too many observers produced by vacuum fluctuations to make our observations highly atypical. An asymptotic linear e-folding time of roughly 16 Gyr (deduced from current measurements of cosmic acceleration) would then imply that our universe is more likely than not to decay within a time that is less than 19 Gyr in the future.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, Reference 28 corrected with the name of Marina Shmakova, which I'm sorry I overlooked copying previously
Extended theoretical transition data in C I - IV
Creators: name: Li, W.
name: Amarsi, A. M.
name: Papoulia, A.
name: Ekman, J.
name: Jönsson, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate atomic data are essential for opacity calculations and for abundance analyses of the Sun and other stars. The aim of this work is to provide accurate and extensive results of energy levels and transition data for C I - IV. The Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods were used in the present work. To improve the quality of the wave functions and reduce the relative differences between length and velocity forms for transition data involving high Rydberg states, alternative computational strategies were employed by imposing restrictions on the electron substitutions when constructing the orbital basis for each atom and ion. Transition data, e.g., weighted oscillator strengths and transition probabilities, are given for radiative electric dipole (E1) transitions involving levels up to 1s$^2$2s$^2$2p6s for C I, up to 1s$^2$2s$^2$7f for C II, up to 1s$^2$2s7f for C III, and up to 1s$^2$8g for CIV. Using the difference between the transition rates in length and velocity gauges as an internal validation, the average uncertainties of all presented E1 transitions are estimated to be 8.05%, 7.20%, 1.77%, and 0.28%, respectively, for C I - IV. Extensive comparisons with available experimental and theoretical results are performed and good agreement is observed for most of the transitions. In addition, the C I data were employed in a reanalysis of the solar carbon abundance. The new transition data give a line-by-line dispersion similar to the one obtained when using transition data that are typically used in stellar spectroscopic applications today.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Styling globalization: Iké Udé's Sartorial Anarchy
Creators: name: Pass, Victoria
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Iké Udé
Fashion
Globalization

description: In Sartorial Anarchy Untitled #4, artist Iké Udé poses for his own camera in a manner that appears casual: hand on hip, legs crossed, with one finger casually touching the brass Boy Scout bugle sitting on a stool to the right. He wears a Boy Scout shirt with a lacy black seventeenth-century necktie and a black cummerbund over a pair of tweed breeches with bright green and yellow Italian soccer socks and a pair of British Tricker’s bespoke boots. A vivid green, embroidered Afghani coat is draped over his shoulders. Perched on the top of Udé’s head is a boater hat bedecked with flowers in the style of Eaton’s
June 4 celebration in honor of King George III’s birthday in which students of the exclusive school row in a boating parade. Of course his posture, like the motley ensemble he wears, is anything but casual. The vertical iris atop the boater hat echoes the arrangement of palm leaves on the stool on the right. The careless but knowing pose echoes that of John Singer Sargent’s enigmatic Madame X (1883-4). Casual and aloof, both Udé and Madame X turn away from us, refusing to meet our eyes directly. Udé creates an exquisite color harmony between the greens of the palm leaves, his Italian football socks, and the Afghani coat. This is coordinated with a suite of burnt oranges, khakis, and beiges, in the rug, tablecloth, coat lining, Boy Scout shirt, and tweed breeches. The backdrop of the image, hand painted by Udé, echoes these colors in softer tones. In his series of photographs Sartorial Anarchy, Iké Udé adopts the pose of the dandy, fashioning images of himself that destabilize masculinity as well as the trope of exoticism in fashion.
Frequency selectivity of neural circuits with heterogeneous transmission delays
Creators: name: Houben, Akke Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neurons are connected to other neurons by axons and dendrites that conduct signals with finite velocities, resulting in delays between the firing of a neuron and the arrival of the resultant impulse at other neurons. Since delays greatly complicate the analytical treatment and interpretation of models, they are usually neglected or taken to be uniform, leading to a lack in the comprehension of the effects of delays in neural systems. This paper shows that heterogeneous transmission delays make small groups of neurons respond selectively to inputs with differing frequency spectra. By studying a single integrate-and-fire neuron receiving correlated time-shifted inputs, it is shown how the frequency response is linked to both the strengths and delay times of the afferent connections. The results show that incorporating delays alters the functioning of neural networks, and changes the effect that neural connections and synaptic strengths have.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Comparison of surface thermal patterns of horses and donkeys in IRT images
Creators: name: Domino, Małgorzata
name: Romaszewski, Michał
name: Jasiński, Tomasz
name: Maśko, Małgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Infrared thermography (IRT) is a valuable diagnostic tool in equine veterinary medicine however, little is known about its application in donkeys. The aim was to find patterns in thermal images of donkeys and horses, and determine if these patterns share similarities. The study was carried out on 18 donkeys and 16 horses. All equids underwent thermal imaging with an infrared camera and measuring the skin thickness and hair coat length. On the class maps of each thermal image, 15 regions of interest (ROIs) were annotated and then combined into 10 groups of ROIs (GORs). The existence of statistically significant differences between surface temperatures in GORs was tested both `globally' for all animals of a given species and `locally' for each animal. Two special cases of animals that differ from the rest were also discussed. Our results indicated that the majority of thermal patterns are similar for both species however, average surface temperatures in horses are higher than in donkeys. It may be related to differences in the skin and hair coat. We concluded, the patterns of both species are associated with GORs, rather than an individual ROI, with higher uniformity of donkeys patterns.
Low temperature $T$-linear resistivity due to umklapp scattering from a critical mode
Creators: name: Lee, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the transport properties of a model of fermions scattered by a critical bosonic mode. The mode is overdamped and scattering is mainly in the forward direction. Such a mode appears at the quantum critical point for a electronic nematic phase transition, and in gauge theories for a U(1) spin liquid. It leads to a short fermion life-time, violating Landau's criterion for a Fermi liquid. In spite of this, transport can be described by a Boltzmann equation. We include momentum relaxation by umklapp scattering, supplemented by weak impurity scattering. We find that above a very low temperature which scales with $Δ_q^3$, where $Δ_q$ is the minimum umklapp scattering vector, the resistivity is linear in $T$ with a coefficient which is independent of the amount of disorder. We compare the relaxation time approximation with an exact numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation. Surprisingly we find that unlike the resistivity, the Hall Coefficient strongly deviates from the relaxation time approximation and shows a strong reduction with increasing temperature. We comment on possible comparisons with experiments on high $T_c$ Cuprates.
A higher dimensional explanation of the excess of Higgs-like events at CERN LEP
Creators: name: van der Bij, J. J.
name: Dilcher, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for the SM Higgs boson by the four LEP experiments have found a 2.3 sigma excess at 98 GeV and a smaller 1.7 sigma at around 115 GeV. We interpret these excesses as evidence for a Higgs boson coupled to a higher dimensional singlet scalar. The fit implies a relatively low dimensional mixing scale mu_{lhd} < 50 GeV, which explains the low confidence level found for the background fit in the range s^{1/2} > 100 GeV. The data show a slight preference for a five-dimensional over a six-dimensional field. This Higgs boson cannot be seen at the LHC, but can be studied at the ILC.
description: 9 pages
Suppressing cluster cooling flows by self-regulated heating from spatially distributed population of AGNs
Creators: name: Nusser, Adi
name: Silk, Joseph
name: Babul, Arif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Existing models invoking AGN activty to resolve the cooling flow conundrum in galaxy clusters focus exclusively on the role of the central galaxy. Such models require fine-tuning of highly uncertain microscopic transport properties to distribute the thermal thermal over the entire cluster cooling core. We propose that the ICM is instead heated by multiple, spatially distributed AGNs. There is mounting observational evidence for multiple AGNs in cluster environments. Active AGNs drive bubbles into the ICM. We identify three distinct interactions between the bubble and the ICM: (1) Upon injection, the bubbles expand rapidly in situ to reach pressure equilibrium with their surroundings, generating shocks and waves whose dissipation is the principal source of ICM heating. (2) Once inflated, the bubbles rise buoyantly at rate determined by a balance with the viscous drag force, which itself results in some additional heating. (3) Rising bubbles expand and compress their surroundings. This process is adiabatic and does not contribute to any additional heating; rather, the increased ICM density due to compression enhances cooling. Our model sidesteps the ``transport'' issue by relying on the spatially distributed galaxies to heat the cluster core. We include self regulation in our model by linking AGN activity in a galaxy to cooling characteristics of the surrounding ICM. We use a spherically symmetric one-dimensional hydrodynamical code to carry out a preliminary study illustrating the efficacy of the model. Our self-regulating scenario predicts that there should be enhanced AGN activity of galaxies inside the cooling regions compared to galaxies in the outer parts of the cluster. This prediction remains to be confirmed or refuted by observations.
description: machtes published version
Structural aspects of tilings
Creators: name: Ballier, Alexis
name: Durand, Bruno
name: Jeandel, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the structure of the set of tilings produced by any given tile-set. For better understanding this structure, we address the set of finite patterns that each tiling contains. This set of patterns can be analyzed in two different contexts: the first one is combinatorial and the other topological. These two approaches have independent merits and, once combined, provide somehow surprising results. The particular case where the set of produced tilings is countable is deeply investigated while we prove that the uncountable case may have a completely different structure. We introduce a pattern preorder and also make use of Cantor-Bendixson rank. Our first main result is that a tile-set that produces only periodic tilings produces only a finite number of them. Our second main result exhibits a tiling with exactly one vector of periodicity in the countable case.
description: 11 pages
The almost alternating diagrams of the trivial knot
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M15; 57M25

description: Bankwitz characterized an alternating diagram representing the trivial knot. A non-alternating diagram is called almost alternating if one crossing change makes the diagram alternating. We characterize an almost alternaing diagram representing the trivial knot. As a corollary we determine an unknotting number one alternating knot with a property that the unknotting operation can be done on its alternating diagram.
description: 29 pages, 18 figures
Stochastic Models of Quantum Mechanics - A Perspective
Creators: name: Davidson, Mark P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A subjective survey of stochastic models of quantum mechanics is given along with a discussion of some key radiative processes, the clues they offer, and the difficulties they pose for this program. An electromagnetic basis for deriving quantum mechanics is advocated, and various possibilities are considered. It is argued that only non-local or non-causal theories are likely to be a successful basis for such a derivation.
description: 15 pages. To appear in Proceedings of Foundations of Probability and Physics, held at Vaxjo University, Sweden, June 4-9, 2006. Published by the American Institute of Physics
ActiveCHILD Clinician Observations Template
Creators: name: Kolehmainen, Niina
Publisher: name: Newcastle University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110399 Clinical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111704 Community Child Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: 111711 Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: 111403 Paediatrics
subject: 110317 Physiotherapy
subject: 110321 Rehabilitation and Therapy (excl. Physiotherapy)
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: NHS Ethics approved form for routine data extraction. Most of the time the data was passed from the NHS site to the research team in electronic form, with data fields those as on this approved form.