cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detection and Localization of Melanoma Skin Cancer in Histopathological Whole Slide Images
Creators: name: Kanwal, Neel
name: Amundsen, Roger
name: Hardardottir, Helga
name: Tomasetti, Luca
name: Undersrud, Erling Sandoy
name: Janssen, Emiel A. M.
name: Engan, Kjersti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Melanoma diagnosed and treated in its early stages can increase the survival rate. A projected increase in skin cancer incidents and a dearth of dermatopathologists have emphasized the need for computational pathology (CPATH) systems. CPATH systems with deep learning (DL) models have the potential to identify the presence of melanoma by exploiting underlying morphological and cellular features. This paper proposes a DL method to detect melanoma and distinguish between normal skin and benign/malignant melanocytic lesions in Whole Slide Images (WSI). Our method detects lesions with high accuracy and localizes them on a WSI to identify potential regions of interest for pathologists. Interestingly, our DL method relies on using a single CNN network to create localization maps first and use them to perform slide-level predictions to determine patients who have melanoma. Our best model provides favorable patch-wise classification results with a 0.992 F1 score and 0.99 sensitivity on unseen data. The source code is https://github.com/RogerAmundsen/Melanoma-Diagnosis-and-Localization-from-Whole-Slide-Images-using-Convolutional-Neural-Networks.
description: Accepted at EUSIPCO 23
Mapping molecular complexes with Super-Resolution Microscopy and Single-Particle Analysis
Creators: name: Mendes, Afonso
name: Heil, Hannah S.
name: Coelho, Simao
name: Leterrier, Christophe
name: Henriques, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Understanding the structure of supramolecular complexes provides insight into their functional capabilities and how they can be modulated in the context of disease. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) excels in performing this task by resolving ultrastructural details at the nanoscale with molecular specificity. However, technical limitations, such as underlabelling, preclude its ability to provide complete structures. Single-particle analysis (SPA) overcomes this limitation by combining information from multiple images of identical structures and producing an averaged model, effectively enhancing the resolution and coverage of image reconstructions. This review highlights important studies using SRM-SPA, demonstrating how it broadens our knowledge by elucidating features of key biological structures with unprecedented detail.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Probing the dynamics of solid density micro-wire targets after ultra-intense laser irradiation using a free-electron laser
Creators: name: Kluge, Thomas
name: Bussmann, Michael
name: Galtier, Eric
name: Glenzer, Siegfried
name: Grenzer, Jörg
name: Gutt, Christian
name: Hartley, Nicholas J.
name: Huang, Lingen
name: Garcia, Alejandro Laso
name: Lee, Hae Ja
name: McBride, Emma E.
name: Metzkes-Ng, Josefine
name: Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki
name: Nam, Inhyuk
name: Pelka, Alexander
name: Prencipe, Irene
name: Randolph, Lisa
name: Rehwald, Martin
name: Rödel, Christian
name: Rödel, Melanie
name: Toncian, Toma
name: Yang, Long
name: Zeil, Karl
name: Schramm, Ulrich
name: Cowan, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present an experiment that explores the plasma dynamics of a 7 micron diameter carbon wire after being irradiated with a near-relativistic-intensity short pulse laser. Using an X-ray Free Electron Laser pulse to measure the small angle X-ray scattering signal, we observe that the scattering surface is bent and prone to instability over tens of picoseconds. The dynamics of this process are consistent with the presence of a sharp, propagating shock front inside the wire, moving at a speed close to the hole boring velocity.
Regularized Spherical Polar Fourier Diffusion MRI with Optimal Dictionary Learning
Creators: name: Cheng, Jian
name: Jiang, Tianzi
name: Deriche, Rachid
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressed Sensing (CS) takes advantage of signal sparsity or compressibility and allows superb signal reconstruction from relatively few measurements. Based on CS theory, a suitable dictionary for sparse representation of the signal is required. In diffusion MRI (dMRI), CS methods were proposed to reconstruct diffusion-weighted signal and the Ensemble Average Propagator (EAP), and there are two kinds of Dictionary Learning (DL) methods: 1) Discrete Representation DL (DR-DL), and 2) Continuous Representation DL (CR-DL). DR-DL is susceptible to numerical inaccuracy owing to interpolation and regridding errors in a discretized q-space. In this paper, we propose a novel CR-DL approach, called Dictionary Learning - Spherical Polar Fourier Imaging (DL-SPFI) for effective compressed-sensing reconstruction of the q-space diffusion-weighted signal and the EAP. In DL-SPFI, an dictionary that sparsifies the signal is learned from the space of continuous Gaussian diffusion signals. The learned dictionary is then adaptively applied to different voxels using a weighted LASSO framework for robust signal reconstruction. The adaptive dictionary is proved to be optimal. Compared with the start-of-the-art CR-DL and DR-DL methods proposed by Merlet et al. and Bilgic et al., espectively, our work offers the following advantages. First, the learned dictionary is proved to be optimal for Gaussian diffusion signals. Second, to our knowledge, this is the first work to learn a voxel-adaptive dictionary. The importance of the adaptive dictionary in EAP reconstruction will be demonstrated theoretically and empirically. Third, optimization in DL-SPFI is only performed in a small subspace resided by the SPF coefficients, as opposed to the q-space approach utilized by Merlet et al. The experiment results demonstrate the advantages of DL-SPFI over the original SPF basis and Bilgic et al.'s method.
description: Accepted by MICCAI 2013. Abstract shortened to respect the arXiv limit of 1920 characters
Suppementary Information.docx
Creators: name: Lee, Hanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300303
subject: Animal nutrition
classificationCode: 300602
subject: Food chemistry and food sensory science
classificationCode: 309999
subject: Other agricultural, veterinary and food sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary information containing the diet composition of the lactating sow.
title: Влияние промышленного развития Севера Западной Сибири на природную среду региона в середине 1960-х – начале 1990-х гг.
title: Influence of Industrial Development of the North of West Siberia on the Natural Environment of the Region in the Mid 1960s – Early 1990s
Creators: name: Красовитова, Эльвира Сергеевна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2022

description: В ХХ в. урбанизационные процессы резко возросли и стали мощным экологическим фактором. Север Западной Сибири стал активно развиваться во второй половине XX в. Модернизация региона протекала активно и в форме индустриализации. В статье рассмотрены последствия
активного промышленного освоения Севера Западной Сибири. В 1960–1970-е гг. главным событием
в Сибири стало формирование Западно-Сибирского нефтегазового комплекса (ЗСНГК). Но несмотря
на такие высокие темпы урбанизации, имелись серьезные проблемы: некомфортабельная жилая среда, природно-климатические условия региона, а также экологические последствия, связанные с промышленным освоением региона.
description: In the twentieth century urban development increased sharply and became an important
environmental factor. The north of West Siberia began to develop rapidly in the form of industrialization in
the second half of the twentieth century. The article considers the consequences of active industrial development of the north of West Siberia. In 1960–1970s creation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex
(ZSNGK) was the major event in Siberia. But despite high rates of urban development, there were such serious problems as uncomfortable living environment, natural and climatic conditions of the region, environmental consequences of industrial development of the region.
Strong asymptotic freeness for free orthogonal quantum groups
Creators: name: Brannan, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the normalized standard generators of the free orthogonal quantum group $O_N^+$ converge strongly to a free semicircular system as $N \to \infty$. Analogous results are obtained for the free unitary quantum groups, and some applications are given.
Pure pairs. X. Tournaments and the strong Erdos-Hajnal property
Creators: name: Chudnovsky, Maria
name: Scott, Alex
name: Seymour, Paul
name: Spirkl, Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A pure pair in a tournament $G$ is an ordered pair $(A,B)$ of disjoint subsets of $V(G)$ such that every vertex in $B$ is adjacent from every vertex in $A$. Which tournaments $H$ have the property that if $G$ is a tournament not containing $H$ as a subtournament, and $|G|>1$, there is a pure pair $(A,B)$ in $G$ with $|A|,|B|\ge c|G|$, where $c>0$ is a constant independent of $G$? Let us say that such a tournament $H$ has the strong EH-property. As far as we know, it might be that a tournament $H$ has this property if and only if its vertex set has a linear ordering in which its backedges form a forest. Certainly this condition is necessary, but we are far from proving sufficiency. We make a small step in this direction, showing that if a tournament can be ordered with at most three backedges then it has the strong EH-property (except for one case, that we could not decide). In particular, every tournament with at most six vertices has the property, except for three that we could not decide. We also give a seven-vertex tournament that does not have the strong EH-property. This is related to the Erdos-Hajnal conjecture, which in one form says that for every tournament $H$ there exists $τ>0$ such that every tournament $G$ not containing $H$ as a subtournament has a transitive subtournament of cardinality at least $|G|^τ$. Let us say that a tournament $H$ satisfying this has the EH-property. It is known that every tournament with the strong EH-property also has the EH-property; so our result extends work by Berger, Choromanski and Chudnovsky, who proved that every tournament with at most six vertices has the EH-property, except for one that they did not decide.
description: Accepted manuscript; see DOI for journal version
Geodesic motion on the symplectic leaf of $SO(3)$ with distorted $e(3)$ algebra and Liouville integrability of a free rigid body
Creators: name: Deriglazov, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solutions to the Euler-Poisson equations are geodesic lines of $SO(3)$ manifold with the metric determined by the inertia tensor. However, the Poisson structure on the corresponding symplectic leaf does not depend on the inertia tensor. We calculate its explicit form and confirm that it differs from the algebra $e(3)$. The obtained Poisson brackets are used to demonstrate the Liouville integrability of a free rigid body. The general solution to the Euler-Poisson equations is written in terms of exponential of the Hamiltonian vector field.
description: 6 pages, the title slightly changed, discussions added. Matches with published version. A typo in Eq. (32) has been corrected
Quantum Error Correction in the Black Hole Interior
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Kar, Arjun
name: Li, Cathy
name: Parrikar, Onkar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum error correction properties of the black hole interior in a toy model for an evaporating black hole: Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity entangled with a non-gravitational bath. After the Page time, the black hole interior degrees of freedom in this system are encoded in the bath Hilbert space. We use the gravitational path integral to show that the interior density matrix is correctable against the action of quantum operations on the bath which (i) do not have prior access to details of the black hole microstates, and (ii) do not have a large, negative coherent information with respect to the maximally mixed state on the bath, with the lower bound controlled by the black hole entropy and code subspace dimension. Thus, the encoding of the black hole interior in the radiation is robust against generic, low-rank quantum operations. For erasure errors, gravity comes within an $O(1)$ distance of saturating the Singleton bound on the tolerance of error correcting codes. For typical errors in the bath to corrupt the interior, they must have a rank that is a large multiple of the bath Hilbert space dimension, with the precise coefficient set by the black hole entropy and code subspace dimension.
description: 48+5 pages, 10 figures
Variational Integrators and Graph-Based Solvers for Multibody Dynamics in Maximal Coordinates
Creators: name: Brüdigam, Jan
name: Sosnowski, Stefan
name: Manchester, Zachary
name: Hirche, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multibody dynamics simulators are an important tool in many fields, including learning and control for robotics. However, many existing dynamics simulators suffer from inaccuracies when dealing with constrained mechanical systems due to unsuitable integrators with bad energy behavior and problematic constraint violations, for example for contact interactions. Variational integrators are numerical discretization methods that can reduce physical inaccuracies when simulating mechanical systems, and formulating the dynamics in maximal coordinates allows for easy and numerically robust incorporation of constraints such as kinematic loops or contacts. Therefore, this article derives a variational integrator for mechanical systems with equality and inequality constraints in maximal coordinates. Additionally, efficient graph-based sparsity-exploiting algorithms for solving the integrator are provided and implemented as an open-source simulator. The evaluation of the simulator shows improved physical accuracy due to the variational integrator and the advantages of the sparse solvers. Comparisons to minimal-coordinate algorithms show improved numerical robustness and application examples of a walking robot and an exoskeleton with explicit constraints demonstrate the necessity and capabilities of maximal coordinates.
Failure of Logarithmic Oscillators to Thermostat Small Atomic Clusters
Creators: name: Sponseller, Daniel
name: Blaisten-Barojas, Estela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A logarithmic oscillator has the outstanding property that the expectation value of its kinetic energy is constant for all stationary states [1]. Recently the ansatz that this property can be used to define a Hamiltonian thermostat has been put forward [2]. The latter publication suggests that the logarithmic oscillator weakly coupled to a small system would serve as a thermostat as long as few degrees of freedom are involved such as in atomic clusters. We have applied these ideas to a cluster of four Lennard-Jones atoms and inspected two different models of coupling between the cluster and the logarithmic oscillator in 3D. In both cases we show that there is a clear generation of kinetic motion of the cluster center of mass, but that kinetic energy due to interatomic vibrations are not significantly affected by coupling to the logarithmic oscillator. This is a failure of the published ansatz [2], as the logarithmic oscillator is unable to modify the kinetic energy due to vibrations in small atomic clusters.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies XII. Revision of the isolation degree for AMIGA galaxies using the SDSS
Creators: name: Argudo-Fernández, M.
name: Verley, S.
name: Bergond, G.
name: Sulentic, J.
name: Sabater, J.
name: Lorenzo, M. Fernández
name: Leon, S.
name: Espada, D.
name: Verdes-Montenegro, L.
name: Santander-Vela, J. D.
name: Ruiz, J. E.
name: Sánchez-Expósito, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the AMIGA project we present a revision of the environment for galaxies in the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG, Karachentseva 1973) using the ninth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR9). The aims of this study are to refine the photometric-based AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies and to provide an improvement of the quantification of the isolation degree with respect to previous works, using both photometry and spectroscopy. We developed an automatic method to search for neighbours within a projected area of 1 Mpc radius centred on each primary galaxy to revise the CIG isolation criteria. Of the 636 CIG galaxies considered in the photometric study, 426 galaxies fulfil the CIG isolation criteria within 1 Mpc, taking into account projected neighbours. Of the 411 CIG galaxies considered in the spectroscopic study, 347 galaxies fulfil the CIG isolation criteria when a criterion about redshift difference is added. The available redshifts allow us to reject background neighbours and thus improve the photometric assessment. For the first time, the environment and the isolation degree of AMIGA galaxies are quantified using digital data. The use of the SDSS database permits one to identify fainter and smaller-size satellites than in previous AMIGA works. About 50% of the neighbours considered as potential companions in the photometric study are in fact background objects. We also find that about 92% of the neighbour galaxies that show recession velocities similar to the corresponding CIG galaxy are not considered by the CIG isolation criteria as potential companions, which may have a considerable influence on the evolution of the central CIG galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Green Building Culture.pdf
Creators: name: Ussenaliyeva, Aizhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Building construction management and project planning
Building industry studies
Building organisational studies
Building information modelling and management
Building science, technologies and systems
Freshwater ecology
Groundwater hydrology
Water treatment processes
Water resources engineering
Surface water quality processes and contaminated sediment assessment
Crop and pasture waste water use
Groundwater quality processes and contaminated land assessment

description: My brief intro and link between Save Lake Balkhash International Research and global industries.
Influence of the vessel wall geometry on the wall-induced migration of red blood cells
Creators: name: Zhang, Ying
name: Fai, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 92B99, 76Z05, 76D99

description: The geometry of the blood vessel wall plays a regulatory role on the motion of red blood cells (RBCs). The overall topography of the vessel wall depends on many features, among which the endothelial lining of the endothelial surface layer (ESL) is an important one. The endothelial lining of vessel walls presents a large surface area for exchanging materials between blood and tissues. The ESL plays a critical role in regulating vascular permeability, hindering leukocyte adhesion as well as inhibiting coagulation during inflammation. Changes in the ESL structure are believed to cause vascular hyperpermeability and entrap immune cells during sepsis, which could significantly alter the vessel wall geometry and disturb interactions between RBCs and the vessel wall, including the wall-induced migration of RBCs and the thickening of a cell-free layer. To investigate the influence of the vessel wall geometry particularly changed by the ESL under various pathological conditions, such as sepsis, on the motion of RBCs, we developed two models to represent the ESL using the immersed boundary method in two dimensions. In particular, we used simulations to study how the lift force and drag force on a RBC near the vessel wall vary with different wall thickness, spatial variation, and permeability associated with changes in the vessel wall geometry. We find that the spatial variation of the wall has a significant effect on the wall-induced migration of the RBC for a high permeability, and that the wall-induced migration is significantly inhibited as the vessel diameter is increased.
Quantum-enhanced performance in superconducting Andreev-reflection engines
Creators: name: Manzano, Gonzalo
name: López, Rosa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a quantum dot is attached to a metallic reservoir and a superconducting contact Andreev processes leads to a finite subgap current at the normal lead and the creation or destruction of Cooper pairs. Andreev-reflection engines profit from the destruction of Cooper pairs to provide the work needed to set a charge current at the normal-conductor contact generating electrical power. For this power-transduction device high power and large efficiencies in quantum-mechanically enhanced regimes are demonstrated. There thermodynamic trade-off relations between power, efficiency and stability, valid for any classical engine are overcome, and kinetic constraints on the engine precision are largely surpassed in arbitrary far from equilibrium conditions.
description: 5 + 5 pages, 3 Figures. v2: minor changes. Accepted in Physical Review Research
Transverse charge and magnetization densities in the nucleon's chiral periphery
Creators: name: Granados, C.
name: Weiss, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the light-front description of nucleon structure the electromagnetic form factors are expressed in terms of frame-independent transverse densities of charge and magnetization. Recent work has studied the transverse densities at peripheral distances b = O(M_pi^{-1}), where they are governed by universal chiral dynamics and can be computed in a model-independent manner. Of particular interest is the comparison of the peripheral charge and magnetization densities. We summarize (a) their interpretation as spin-independent and -dependent current matrix elements; (b) the leading-order chiral effective field theory results; (c) their mechanical interpretation in the light-front formulation; (d) the large-N_c limit of QCD and the role of Delta intermediate states; (e) the connection with generalized parton distributions and peripheral high-energy scattering processes.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings of QCD Evolution Workshop, Jefferson Lab, May 6-10, 2013
Dose rate effects in radiation-induced changes to phenyl-based polymeric scintillators
Creators: name: Papageorgakis, Christos
name: Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad
name: Belloni, Alberto
name: Edberg, Timothy K.
name: Eno, Sarah C.
name: Feng, Yongbin
name: Jeng, Geng-Yuan
name: Kahn, Abraham
name: Lai, Yihui
name: McDonnell, Tyler
name: Palmer, Christopher
name: Perez-Gokhale, Ruhi
name: Ricci-Tam, Francesca
name: Yao, Yao
name: Yang, Zishuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results on the effects of ionizing radiation on the signal produced by plastic scintillating rods manufactured by Eljen Technology company are presented for various matrix materials, dopant concentrations, fluors (EJ-200 and EJ-260), anti-oxidant concentrations, scintillator thickness, doses, and dose rates. The light output before and after irradiation is measured using an alpha source and a photomultiplier tube, and the light transmission by a spectrophotometer. Assuming an exponential decrease in the light output with dose, the change in light output is quantified using the exponential dose constant $D$. The $D$ values are similar for primary and secondary doping concentrations of 1 and 2 times, and for antioxidant concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 times, the default manufacturer's concentration. The $D$ value depends approximately linearly on the logarithm of the dose rate for dose rates between 2.2 Gy/hr and 70 Gy/hr for all materials. For EJ-200 polyvinyltoluene-based (PVT) scintillator, the dose constant is approximately linear in the logarithm of the dose rate up to 3400 Gy/hr, while for polystyrene-based (PS) scintillator or for both materials with EJ-260 fluors, it remains constant or decreases (depending on doping concentration) above about 100 Gy/hr. The results from rods of varying thickness and from the different fluors suggest damage to the initial light output is a larger effect than color center formation for scintillator thickness $\leq1$ cm. For the blue scintillator (EJ-200), the transmission measurements indicate damage to the fluors. We also find that while PVT is more resistant to radiation damage than PS at dose rates higher than about 100 Gy/hr for EJ-200 fluors, they show similar damage at lower dose rates and for EJ-260 fluors.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal DOI. 24 pages, 11 figures, Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
On string one-loop correction to the Einstein-Hilbert term and its implications on the Kahler potential
Creators: name: Kim, Manki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To compute the string one-loop correction to the Kahler potential of moduli fields of string compactifications in Einstein-frame, one must compute: the string one-loop correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action, the string one-loop correction to the moduli kinetic terms, the string one-loop correction to the definition of the holomorphic coordinates. In this note, we compute the string one-loop correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action of type II string theory compactified on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefolds. We find that the one-loop correction is determined by the new supersymmetric index studied by Cecotti, Fendley, Intriligator, and Vafa. As a simple application, we apply our results to estimate the size of the one-loop corrections around a conifold point in the Kahler moduli space.
description: v2: minor errors fixed. v3: additional check provided by comparing to the known R^4 term. v5: normalization of PCO fixed. v6: matches JHEP version. Discussions expanded. v7: minor errors fixed
Topological surface state in the Kondo Insulator Samarium Hexaboride
Creators: name: Kim, D. J.
name: Xia, J.
name: Fisk, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly correlated electron systems show many exotic properties such as unconventional superconductity, quantum criticality, and Kondo insulating behavior. In addition, the Kondo insulator SmB6 has been predicted theoretically to be a 3D topological insulator with a metallic surface state. We report here transport measurements on doped SmB6, which show that ~3% magnetic and non-magnetic dopants in SmB6 exhibit clearly contrasting behavior, evidence that the metallic surface state is only destroyed when time reversal symmetry is broken. We find as well a quantum percolation limit of impurity concentration which transform the topological insulator into a conventional band insulator by forming impurity band. Our careful thickness dependence results show that SmB6 is the first demonstatrated perfect 3D topological insulator with virtually zero residual bulk conductivity.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Wetting hysteresis induces effective unidirectional water transport through a fluctuating nanochannel
Creators: name: Arai, Noriyoshi
name: Yamamoto, Eiji
name: Koishi, Takahiro
name: Hirano, Yoshinori
name: Yasuoka, Kenji
name: Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a water pump that actively transports water molecules through nanochannels. Spatially asymmetric thermal fluctuations imposed on the channel radius cause unidirectional water flow without osmotic pressure, which can be attributed to hysteresis in the cyclic transition between the wetting/drying states. We show that the water transport depends on fluctuations, such as white, Brownian, and pink noises. Because of the high-frequency components in white noise, fast switching of open and close states inhibits channel wetting. Conversely, pink and Brownian noises generate high-pass filtered net flow. Brownian fluctuation leads to a faster water transport rate, whereas pink noise has a higher capability to overcome osmotic pressure in the opposite direction. A trade-off relationship exists between the resonant frequency of the fluctuation and the flow amplification. The proposed pump can be considered as an analogy for the reversed Carnot cycle, which is the upper limit on the energy conversion efficiency.
Quantum Weak Measurements and Cosmology
Creators: name: Davies, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The indeterminism of quantum mechanics generally permits the independent specification of both an initial and a final condition on the state. Quantum pre-and-post-selection of states opens up a new, experimentally testable, sector of quantum mechanics, when combined with statistical averages of identical weak measurements. In this paper I apply the theory of weak quantum measurements combined with pre-and-post-selection to cosmology. Here, pre-selection means specifying the wave function of the universe or, in a popular semi-classical approximation, the initial quantum state of a subset of quantum fields propagating in a classical back-ground spacetime. The novel feature is post-selection: the additional specification of a condition on the quantum state in the far future. I discuss "natural" final conditions, and show how they may lead to potentially large and observable effects at the present cosmological epoch. I also discuss how pre-and-post-selected quantum contrast to the expectation value of the stress-energy-momentum tensor, resolving a vigorous debate from the 1970's. The paper thus provides a framework for computing large-scale cosmological effects arising from this new sector of quantum mechanics. A simple experimental test is proposed.
Integrable Quantum Circuits from the Star-Triangle Relation
Creators: name: Miao, Yuan
name: Vernier, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The star-triangle relation plays an important role in the realm of exactly solvable models, offering exact results for classical two-dimensional statistical mechanical models. In this article, we construct integrable quantum circuits using the star-triangle relation. Our construction relies on families of mutually commuting two-parameter transfer matrices for statistical mechanical models solved by the star-triangle relation, and differs from previously known constructions based on Yang-Baxter integrable vertex models. At special value of the spectral parameter, the transfer matrices are mapped into integrable quantum circuits, for which infinite families of local conserved charges can be derived. We demonstrate the construction by giving two examples of circuits acting on a chain of $Q-$state qudits: $Q$-state Potts circuits, whose integrability has been conjectured recently by Lotkov et al., and $\mathbb{Z}_Q$ circuits, which are novel to our knowledge. In the first example, we present for $Q=3$ a connection to the Zamolodchikov-Fateev 19-vertex model.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by Quantum
title: Урбанизация Ямала во второй половине ХХ в. (на примере города Новый Уренгой)
title: Urban Development of Yamal in the Second Half of the 20th century (Using the Example of the City of Novy Urengoy)
Creators: name: Мочалин, Максим Сергеевич
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2022

description: Актуальность исследования заключается в особой значимости Западно-Сибирского
нефтегазового комплекса (ЗСНГК) для экономики и политики нашей страны. Долгие годы не ослабевает актуальность изучения истории его развития, частью которого являлась урбанизация северных
территорий. История развития городов на Ямале в советский период оставалась недостаточно изученной современными учеными-урбанистами. Цель исследования: выявить особенности проектирования и градостроительного развития Нового Уренгоя в период 1970–1980-х гг. В статье приводится
попытка анализа урбанизационных процессов, которые происходили на Тюменском Севере во второй
половине ХХ в. В качестве примера используется город Новый Уренгой в первые десятилетия индустриального развития. Статья написана на корпусе нормативных документов и делопроизводственной документации градостроительных трестов (приказы). Данные документы наиболее детально раскрывают вопросы, связанные со строительством жилья и вводом в эксплуатацию объектов соцкультбыта в городе. Делаются выводы о допущенных ошибках при возведении базового города, а также
о стихийном характере урбанизации.
description: The relevance of the study is in the fact that the West Siberian oil and gas complex has a
special significance for the economy and politics of our country. Studying the history of the oil and gas complex development has been relevant for many years. Urban development of the northern territories has been
part of it. The history of development of Yamal towns and cities in the Soviet period has remained insufficiently studied by modern urban scientists. The purpose of the research is to find out the features of design
and urban planning of Novy Urengoy in 1970–1980s. The article dwells on the analysis of urban development of the Tyumen North in the second half of the twentieth century. The city of Novy Urengoy in the first
decades of its industrial development is used as an example. The article is written based on reference documents and documents of management and record keeping of the city-planning enterprises (orders). These
documents contain detailed information about the issues related to construction of housing and commissioning of social and cultural facilities in the city. Conclusions are drawn of the mistakes made during the construction of the basic city, as well as those of the spontaneous nature of urban development.
EXFOR-based simultaneous evaluation of neutron-induced uranium and plutonium fission cross sections for JENDL-5
Creators: name: Otuka, Naohiko
name: Iwamoto, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutron-induced fission cross sections were simultaneously evaluated for the JENDL-5 library for $^{233,235}$U and $^{239,241}$Pu from 10 keV to 200 MeV and for $^{238}$U and $^{240}$Pu from 100 keV to 200 MeV. Evaluation was performed by least-squares fitting of Schmittroth's roof function to the logarithms of the experimental cross sections and cross section ratios in the EXFOR library. A simultaneous evaluation code SOK was used with its extension to data in arbitrary unit. The outputs of the code were adopted as the evaluated cross sections without any further corrections. The newly obtained evaluated cross sections were compared with the evaluated cross sections in the JENDL-4.0 library and the IAEA Neutron Data Standards 2017. The evaluated cross sections were also validated against the californium-252 spontaneous fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections, $ΣΣ$ (coupled thermal/fast uranium and boron carbide spherical assembly) neutron spectrum averaged cross sections, and small-sized LANL fast system criticalities. The changes in the obtained evaluated cross sections from those in the JENDL-4.0 library are within 4% ($^{241}$Pu), 3% ($^{233}$U, $^{240}$Pu), or 2% ($^{235}$U, $^{239}$Pu). The newly evaluated $^{235}$U, $^{238}$U and $^{239}$Pu cross sections agree with the IAEA Neutron Data Standards 2017 within 2% with some exceptions.
description: Published online in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology (open access)
Marrying ab initio calculations and Halo EFT: the case of ${}^7{\rm Be} + p \rightarrow {}^8{\rm B} + γ$
Creators: name: Zhang, Xilin
name: Nollett, Kenneth M.
name: Phillips, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a leading-order (LO) calculation of $^7\mathrm{Be}(p,γ)^8\mathrm{B}$ in a low-energy effective field theory. $^8\mathrm{B}$ is treated as a shallow proton$+^7\mathrm{Be}$ core and proton$+^7\mathrm{Be}^{*}$ (core excitation) $p$-wave bound state. The couplings are fixed using measured binding energies and proton-$^7\mathrm{Be}$ $s$-wave scattering lengths, together with $^8\mathrm{B}$ asymptotic normalization coefficients from ab initio calculations. We obtain a zero-energy $S$-factor of $18.2 \pm 1.2~({\rm ANC~only})$ eV b. Given that this is a LO result it is consistent with the recommended value $S(0)=20.8\pm1.6$ eV b. Our computed $S(E)$ compares favorably with experimental data on $^7\mathrm{Be}(p,γ)^8\mathrm{B}$ for $E <0.4$ MeV. We emphasize the important role of proton-$^7\mathrm{Be}$ scattering parameters in determining the energy dependence of $S(E)$, and demonstrate that their present uncertainties significantly limit attempts to extrapolate these data to stellar energies.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, and 3 tables
Accuracy of simple, initials-based methods for author name disambiguation
Creators: name: Milojević, Staša
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There are a number of solutions that perform unsupervised name disambiguation based on the similarity of bibliographic records or common co-authorship patterns. Whether the use of these advanced methods, which are often difficult to implement, is warranted depends on whether the accuracy of the most basic disambiguation methods, which only use the author's last name and initials, is sufficient for a particular purpose. We derive realistic estimates for the accuracy of simple, initials-based methods using simulated bibliographic datasets in which the true identities of authors are known. Based on the simulations in five diverse disciplines we find that the first initial method already correctly identifies 97% of authors. An alternative simple method, which takes all initials into account, is typically two times less accurate, except in certain datasets that can be identified by applying a simple criterion. Finally, we introduce a new name-based method that combines the features of first initial and all initials methods by implicitly taking into account the last name frequency and the size of the dataset. This hybrid method reduces the fraction of incorrectly identified authors by 10-30% over the first initial method.
description: In press in Journal of Informetrics
Graphene coating of Nafion$^{(R)}$ membranes for enhanced fuel cell performance
Creators: name: Ruhkopf, Jasper
name: Plachetka, Ulrich
name: Moeller, Michael
name: Pasdag, Oliver
name: Radev, Ivan
name: Peinecke, Volker
name: Hepp, Marco
name: Wiktor, Christian
name: Lohe, Martin R.
name: Feng, Xinliang
name: Butz, Benjamin
name: Lemme, Max C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrochemically exfoliated graphene (e-G) thin films on Nafion$^{(R)}$ membranes exhibit a selective barrier effect against undesirable fuel crossover. The approach combines the high proton conductivity of state-of-the-art Nafion$^{(R)}$ and the ability of e-G layers to effectively block the transport of methanol and hydrogen. Nafion$^{(R)}$ membranes are coated with aqueous dispersions of e-G on the anode side, making use of a facile and scalable spray process. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) confirm the formation of a dense percolated graphene flake network which acts as diffusion barrier. The maximum power density in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) operation with e-G coated Nafion$^{(R)}$ N115 is 3.9 times higher than the Nafion$^{(R)}$ N115 reference (39 vs. 10 mW cm$^{-2}$ @ 0.3 V) at 5M methanol feed concentration. This suggests the application of e-G coated Nafion$^{(R)}$ membranes for portable DMFCs, where the use of highly concentrated methanol is desirable.
Quantitative assessment of the universal thermopower in the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Wang, Wen O.
name: Ding, Jixun K.
name: Huang, Edwin W.
name: Moritz, Brian
name: Devereaux, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As primarily an electronic observable, the room-temperature thermopower $S$ in cuprates provides possibilities for a quantitative assessment of the Hubbard model. Using determinant quantum Monte Carlo, we demonstrate agreement between Hubbard model calculations and experimentally measured room-temperature $S$ across multiple cuprate families, both qualitatively in terms of the doping dependence and quantitatively in terms of magnitude. We observe an upturn in $S$ with decreasing temperatures, which possesses a slope comparable to that observed experimentally in cuprates. From our calculations, the doping at which $S$ changes sign occurs in close proximity to a vanishing temperature dependence of the chemical potential at fixed density. Our results emphasize the importance of interaction effects in the systematic assessment of the thermopower $S$ in cuprates.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Information: 9 pages, 7 figures
Electric charge and potential distribution in twisted multilayer graphene
Creators: name: Zimbovskaya, Natalya A.
name: Mele, Eugene J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The specifics of charge screening and electrostatic potential spatial distribution in multilayered graphene films placed in between charged substrates is theoretically analyzed. It is shown that by varying the areal charge densities on the substrates and/or the thickness of the graphene stack one may tune the doped carriers distribution over the system. When the charge densities on the substrates are weak, the carriers distribution and electrostatic potential profile agree with semimetallic properties of graphene. However, when the amount of the donated charge is sufficiently large the transition to a metallic-like behavior of the graphene layers occurs. The possibilities for experimental observation of the predicted transition are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1311.0506
Gaussberg: volcanology and petrology
Creators: name: J.L. Smellie
name: K.D. Collerson
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Photomicrographs of representative lamproite lavas and enclaves from Gaussberg.
Search for Higgs boson decay to a charm quark-antiquark pair in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a charm quark-antiquark pair, H $\to$ $\mathrm{c\bar{c}}$, produced in association with a leptonically decaying V (W or Z) boson is presented. The search is performed with proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. Novel charm jet identification and analysis methods using machine learning techniques are employed. The analysis is validated by searching for Z $\to$ $\mathrm{c\bar{c}}$ in VZ events, leading to its first observation at a hadron collider with a significance of 5.7 standard deviations. The observed (expected) upper limit on $σ$(VH)$ \mathcal{B}$(H $\to$ $\mathrm{c\bar{c}}$) is 0.94 (0.50 $^{+0.22}_{-0.15}$) pb at 95% confidence level (CL), corresponding to 14 (7.6 $^{+3.4}_{-2.3}$) times the standard model prediction. For the Higgs-charm Yukawa coupling modifier, $κ_\mathrm{c}$, the observed (expected) 95% CL interval is 1.1 $\lt$ $\vertκ_\mathrm{C}\vert$ $\lt$ 5.5 ($\vertκ_\mathrm{c}\vert$ $\lt$ 3.4), the most stringent constraint to date.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures and tables, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-21-008 (CMS Public Pages)
The One-dimensional Chiral Anomaly and its Disorder Response
Creators: name: Qin, Zheng
name: Xu, Dong-Hui
name: Ning, Zhen
name: Wang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The condensed-matter realization of chiral anomaly has attracted tremendous interest in exploring unexpected phenomena of quantum field theory. Here, we show that one-dimensional (1D) chiral anomaly (i.e., 1D nonconservational chiral current under a background electromagnetic field) can be realized in a generalized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model where a single gapless Dirac cone occurs. Based on the topological Thouless pump and anomalous dynamics of chiral displacement, we elucidate that such a system possesses the half-integer quantization of winding number. Moreover, we investigate the evolution of 1D chiral anomaly with respect to two typical types of disorder, i.e., on-site disorder and bond disorder. The results show that the on-site disorder tends to smear the gapless Dirac cone. However, we propose a strategy to stabilize the half-integer quantization, facilitating its experimental detection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bond disorder causes a unique crossover with disorder-enhanced topological charge pumping, driving the system into a topological Anderson insulator phase.