cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 4 of Parasite clearance and protection from Plasmodium falciparum infection (PCPI): a three-arm, parallel, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised trial of presumptive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine versus artesunate monotherapy among asymptomatic children 3–5 years of age in Cameroon
Creators: name: Martinez-Vega, Rosario
name: Mbacham, Wilfred Fon
name: Ali, Innocent
name: Nji, Akindeh
name: Mousa, Andria
name: Beshir, Khalid B.
name: Chopo-Pizarro, Ana
name: Kaur, Harparkash
name: Okell, Lucy
name: Hansson, Helle
name: Hocke, Emma Filtenborg
name: Alifrangis, Michael
name: Gosling, Roland
name: Roper, Cally
name: Sutherland, Colin
name: Chico, R. Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Data Safety Monitoring Board Charter.
Gaussian approximations for the exchange-energy functional of current-carrying states: Applications to two-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Pittalis, S.
name: Rasanen, E.
name: Gross, E. K. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structure calculations are routinely carried out within the framework of density-functional theory, often with great success. For electrons in reduced dimensions, however, there is still a need for better approximations to the exchange-correlation energy functional. Furthermore, the need for properly describing current-carrying states represents an additional challenge for the development of approximate functionals. In order to make progress along these directions, we show that simple and efficient expressions for the exchange energy can be obtained by considering the short-range behavior of the one-body spin-density matrix. Applications to several two-dimensional systems confirm the excellent performance of the derived approximations, and verify the gauge-invariance requirement to be of great importance for dealing with current-carrying states.
Universal properties of Dark Matter halos
Creators: name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Neronov, Andrey
name: Ruchayskiy, Oleg
name: Tkachev, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the universal relation between density and size of observed Dark Matter halos that was recently shown to hold on a wide range of scales, from dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters. Predictions of LambdaCDM N-body simulations are consistent with this relation. We demonstrate that this property of LambdaCDM can be understood analytically in the secondary infall model. Qualitative understanding given by this model provides a new way to predict which deviations from LambdaCDM or large-scale modifications of gravity can affect universal behavior and, therefore, to constrain them observationally.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, revtex. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
MOESM3 of The association of infant feeding patterns with food allergy symptoms and food allergy in early childhood
Creators: name: Mathias, Joacy
name: Zhang, Hongmei
name: Soto-Ramirez, Nelis
name: Karmaus, Wilfried
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Diagnostic tests reported by mothers in children with food allergy symptoms. This table provides information on the different diagnostic tests that symptomatic children underwent during infancy (months 4, 9, 12) and at 6â years of age.
Network Evolution Based on Centrality
Creators: name: Koenig, Michael D.
name: Tessone, Claudio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of networks when the creation and decay of links are based on the position of nodes in the network measured by their centrality. We show that the same network dynamics arises under various centrality measures, and solve analytically the network evolution. During the complete evolution, the network is characterized by nestedness: the neighbourhood of a node is contained in the neighbourhood of the nodes with larger degree. We find a discontinuous transition in the network density between hierarchical and homogeneous networks, depending on the rate of link decay. We also show that this evolution mechanism leads to double power-law degree distributions, with interrelated exponents.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Character and pervasiveness of transport competition in the movement of commodities from Great Vancouver origins to British Columbia destinations
Creators: name: Gray, John Sinclair
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The transportation networks in the province of British Columbia are described with reference to the general economic setting and the geographical and historical background. In turn, rail, water, and road transport networks are described with brief mention of air and pipeline transport. The study of competition in the transportation industry is undertaken with the primary basis being a series of interviews with representatives of shippers, carriers, government departments, and other organisations. The character and pervasiveness of competition between the modes of public freight transportation and of competition among carriers within those modes are discussed in some detail. Inter-modal competition is examined in the light of half a dozen factors which influence the shipper's choice of mode. An approximate rank order of shipper's modal preference for these factors is presented. Intra-modal competition is examined in terms of a dozen factors which influence the shipper's choice of the particular carrier, five of these factors being common to the modal choice. The extent of private transportation systems within the province (mainly rail and road) is described. The ancillary modes, bus transportation and mail are analyzed briefly. Observations and conclusions include a discussion of current trends in the major modes, and the extent of monopolies and over-service, particularly in the trucking industry. Comments are offered on the level of sophistication in the transportation industry in the province and. the opportunities for a more intensive market-oriented approach.
title: FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (AS A RAPID METHOD) COUPLED WITH MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES FOR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF GLUTEN CONTAMINATIONS IN GRAIN-BASED FOODS
Creators: name: Okeke, Abuchi
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Agricultural Engineering

description: Cross-contamination between food grains during harvesting, transportation, and/or food processing is still a major issue in the food industry. Due to cross-contact with gluten-rich grains (wheat, barley, and rye grains), gluten can get into food that’s naturally free from gluten and thus may not be safe for consumption for people susceptible to gluten-related disorders such as celiac disease, wheat allergy, gluten intolerance or sensitivity. The conventional method of gluten detection is cumbersome, time-consuming, and requires well-trained personnel. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and equally effective technique to authenticate gluten contamination in foods. This research work explored the use of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with machine learning approaches to detect and quantify gluten contamination in grain-based foods. The research was divided into three different phases including the use of FTIR with supervised machine learning (ML) approaches to authenticate cross-contact between non-gluten and gluten flours, the use of FTIR with ML approaches to detect and quantify wheat flour contamination in gluten-free bread (cornbread), and finally, the use of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a complementary test to estimate and establish a gluten-free threshold of ≤ 20 ppm for the amount of gluten in wheat contaminated flour and cornbread.

Different machine learning algorithms such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least square regression (PLSR), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine, decision tree, and ensemble learning method were used for the development of ML models. The results obtained for the first phase of the research show that FTIR with LDA and PLSR has the potential to detect and quantify cross-contact between a non-gluten (corn flour, CF) and gluten-rich (wheat flour, WF, barley flour, BF, and rye flour, RF) flours, at contamination levels of 0.5% - 10% (w/w), with 0.5% increments. For the second phase, a majority voting-based ensemble learning (stack of random forest, k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector classifier) model was able to detect WF contamination in a cornbread at the true-positive rate and false-negative rate of 1.0, respectively. The ELISA tests for both phases (the raw flour samples and the baked bread) showed a threshold limit of ≤ 0.5% contamination level for CF contaminated with WF to be labeled gluten-free and ≤ 3.5% for the cornbread contaminated with the WF to be gluten-free. This research is still in its development stage and has the potential to contribute towards artificial intelligence applications in ensuring food safety, and to food quality inspection.
description: © 2020 Abuchi Godswill Okeke
Asymptotic formulae for implied volatility in the Heston model
Creators: name: Forde, Martin
name: Jacquier, Antoine
name: Mijatovic, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we prove an approximate formula expressed in terms of elementary functions for the implied volatility in the Heston model. The formula consists of the constant and first order terms in the large maturity expansion of the implied volatility function. The proof is based on saddlepoint methods and classical properties of holomorphic functions.
description: Presentation in Section 2 has been improved. Theorem 3.1 has been slightly generalised. Figures 2 and 3 now include the at-the-money point.
An Inverse K-Theory Functor
Creators: name: Mandell, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19D23, 55P47, 18D10, 55P42

description: Thomason showed that the K-theory of symmetric monoidal categories models all connective spectra. This paper describes a new construction of a permutative category from a Gamma-space, which is then used to re-prove Thomason's theorem and a non-completed variant.
description: Minor corrections. Final version
A Twisted Ladder: relating the Fe superconductors to the high $T_c$ cuprates
Creators: name: Berg, E.
name: Kivelson, S. A.
name: Scalapino, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a 2-leg ladder model of an Fe-pnictide superconductor and discuss its properties and relationship with the familiar 2-leg cuprate model. Our results suggest that the underlying pairing mechanism for the Fe-pnictide superconductors is similar to that for the cuprates.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
What the small angle CMB really tells us about the curvature of the Universe
Creators: name: Clifton, Timothy
name: Ferreira, Pedro G.
name: Zuntz, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are highly sensitive to the spatial curvature of the Universe, k. Here we find that what is in fact being tightly constrained by small angle fluctuations is spatial curvature near the surface of last scattering, and that if we allow k to be a function of position, rather than taking a constant value everywhere, then considerable spatial curvature is permissible within our own locale. This result is of interest for the giant void models that attempt to explain the supernovae observations without Dark Energy. We find voids models with a homogeneous big bang can be compatible with the observed small angle CMB, but only if they exist in a positively curved universe. To be compatible with local measurements of H_0, however, we find that a radially varying bang time is required.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Corrections made to published version
Additional file 1 of Qin-Yu-Qing-Chang decoction reshapes colonic metabolism by activating PPAR-γ signaling to inhibit facultative anaerobes against DSS-induced colitis
Creators: name: Xu, Feng
name: Hu, Jingyi
name: Li, Yanan
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Au, Ryan
name: Tong, Yiheng
name: Wu, Yuguang
name: Cui, Yuan
name: Fang, Yulai
name: Chen, Hongxin
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Shen, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 2 of Qin-Yu-Qing-Chang decoction reshapes colonic metabolism by activating PPAR-γ signaling to inhibit facultative anaerobes against DSS-induced colitis
Creators: name: Xu, Feng
name: Hu, Jingyi
name: Li, Yanan
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Au, Ryan
name: Tong, Yiheng
name: Wu, Yuguang
name: Cui, Yuan
name: Fang, Yulai
name: Chen, Hongxin
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Shen, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2.
Inelastic collisions of relativistic electrons with atomic targets assisted by a laser field
Creators: name: Voitkiv, A. B.
name: Najjari, B.
name: Ullrich, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider inelastic collisions between relativistic electrons and atomic targets assisted by a low-frequency laser field in the case when this field is still much weaker than the typical internal fields in the target. Concentrating on target transitions we show that they can be substantially affected by the presence of the laser field. This may occur either via strong modifications in the motion of the relativistic electrons caused by the electron-laser interaction or via the Compton effect when the incident electrons convert laser photon(s) into photons with frequencies equal to target transition frequencies.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
There's no place like home? Statistics of Milky Way-mass dark matter halos
Creators: name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Springel, Volker
name: White, Simon D. M.
name: Jenkins, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the distribution of structural properties for Milky Way-mass halos in the Millennium-II Simulation (MS-II). This simulation of structure formation within the standard LCDM cosmology contains thousands of Milky Way-mass halos and has sufficient resolution to properly resolve many subhalos per host. It thus provides a major improvement in the statistical power available to explore the distribution of internal structure for halos of this mass. In addition, the MS-II contains lower resolution versions of the Aquarius Project halos, allowing us to compare our results to simulations of six halos at a much higher resolution. We study the distributions of mass assembly histories, of subhalo mass functions and accretion times, and of merger and stripping histories for subhalos capable of impacting disks at the centers of halos. We show that subhalo abundances are not well-described by Poisson statistics at low mass, but rather are dominated by intrinsic scatter. Using the masses of subhalos at infall and the abundance-matching assumption, there is less than a 10% chance that a Milky Way halo with M_vir =10^12 M_sun will host two galaxies as bright as the Magellanic Clouds. This probability rises to ~25% for a halo with M_vir=2.5 x 10^12 M_sun. The statistics relevant for disk heating are very sensitive to the mass range that is considered relevant. Mergers with infall mass : redshift zero virial mass greater than 1:30 could well impact a central galactic disk and are a near inevitability since z=2, whereas only half of all halos have had a merger with infall mass : redshift zero virial mass greater than 1:10 over this same period.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures; matches version accepted by MNRAS
MOESM4 of The association of infant feeding patterns with food allergy symptoms and food allergy in early childhood
Creators: name: Mathias, Joacy
name: Zhang, Hongmei
name: Soto-Ramirez, Nelis
name: Karmaus, Wilfried
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Diagnostic tests reported by mothers in children diagnosed with food allergy. This table provides information on the different diagnostic tests that diagnosed children underwent during infancy (months 4, 9, 12) and at 6â years of age.
Supplemental Material for Xu et al., 2021
Creators: name: Xu, Wayne
name: Tucker, James R.
name: Wubishet A. Bekele
name: You, Frank M.
name: Yong-Bi Fu
name: Khanal, Raja
name: Yao, Zhen
name: Singh, Jaswinder
name: Boyle, Brian
name: Beattie, Aaron D.
name: Belzile, François
name: Mascher, Martin
name: Tinker, Nicholas A.
name: Badea, Ana
Publisher: name: GSA Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70303 Crop and Pasture Biochemistry and Physiology
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
subject: 70105 Agricultural Systems Analysis and Modelling
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: File S1 for a piece of code. Table S1 for gene annotation.Figure S1 for collinear analysis.
Total curvature of complete surfaces in hyperbolic space
Creators: name: Solanes, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C65

description: We prove a Gauss-Bonnet formula for the extrinsic curvature of complete surfaces in hyperbolic space under some assumptions on the asymptotic behaviour. The result is given in terms of the measure of geodesics intersecting the surface non-trivially, and of a conformal invariant of the curve at infinity.
XDANNG: XML based Distributed Artificial Neural Network with Globus Toolkit
Creators: name: Mahini, Hamidreza
name: Mahini, Alireza
name: Ghofrani, Javad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial Neural Network is one of the most common AI application fields. This field has direct and indirect usages most sciences. The main goal of ANN is to imitate biological neural networks for solving scientific problems. But the level of parallelism is the main problem of ANN systems in comparison with biological systems. To solve this problem, we have offered a XML-based framework for implementing ANN on the Globus Toolkit Platform. Globus Toolkit is well known management software for multipurpose Grids. Using the Grid for simulating the neuron network will lead to a high degree of parallelism in the implementation of ANN. We have used the XML for improving flexibility and scalability in our framework.
description: 8 pages, international journal of computer science and information security
Dirac Fermions in Graphene Nanodisk and Graphene Corner: Texture of Vortices with Unusual Winding Number
Creators: name: Ezawa, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the zero-energy sector of the trigonal zigzag nanodisk and corner based on the Dirac theory of graphene. The zero-energy states are shown to be indexed by the edge momentum and grouped according to the irreducible representation of the trigonal symmetry group $C_{3v}$. Wave functions are explicitly constructed as holomorphic or antiholomorphic functions around the K or K' point. Each zero-energy mode is a chiral edge mode. We find a texture of magnetic vortices. It is intriguing that a vortex with the winding number $2$ emerges in the state belonging to the $E$ (doublet) representation. The realization of such a vortex is vary rare.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
SOCIAL JUSTICE IN ISLAM: PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE
Creators: name: Mahmidov, Khabibulla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article examines the philosophical foundations of social justice in Islam and its practical application. In Islam, the principles of justice, equality and fairness play an important role in shaping society and protecting the rights of citizens. The article examines Islam's views on social justice, issues such as mutual respect, economic justice, and creating equal opportunities for all segments of society. The role of institutions such as mutual assistance, zakat and sadaqah in ensuring social justice in Islam is also discussed. The article aims to study how social justice in Islam can be implemented not only theoretically, but also in real life.
Transition form factors of the pion in light-cone QCD sum rules with next-to-next-to-leading order contributions
Creators: name: Mikhailov, S. V.
name: Stefanis, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition pion-photon form factor is studied within the framework of Light-Cone QCD Sum Rules. The spectral density for the next-to-leading order corrections is calculated for any Gegenbauer harmonic. At the level of the next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) radiative corrections, only that part of the hard-scattering amplitude is included that is proportional to the $β$-function, taking into account the leading zeroth-order harmonic. The relative size of the NNLO contribution in the prediction for the form factor $F^{γ^{*}γπ}(Q^2)$ has been analyzed, making use of the BLM scale-setting procedure. In addition, predictions for the form factor $F^{γ^{*}ρπ}$ are obtained that turn out to be sensitive to the endpoint behavior of the pion distribution amplitude, thus providing in connection with experimental data an additional adjudicator for the pion distribution amplitude. In a note added, we comment on the preliminary high-$Q^2$ BaBar data on $F^{γ^{*}γπ}$ arguing that the significant growth of the form factor between 10 and 40 GeV$^2$ cannot be explained in terms of higher-order perturbative corrections at the NNLO.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. v2 new entry in Table I with reference added and replaced Fig. 6. v3 extended discussion of BaBar data (added 1 figure and references). v4 double reference removed; matches version published in Nucl. Phys. B. v5 corrected Ref. [62]; v6 corrects several errors (all boldfaced) and extended acknowledgments
Additional file 2 of A guidance for the enrichment of micropollutants from wastewater by solid-phase extraction before bioanalytical assessment
Creators: name: Schulze, Tobias
name: Neale, Peta A.
name: Ahlheim, Jörg
name: Beckers, Liza-Marie
name: König, Maria
name: Krüger, Janet
name: Petre, Margit
name: Piotrowska, Aleksandra
name: Schlichting, Rita
name: Schmidt, Susanne
name: Krauss, Martin
name: Escher, Beate I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2.
New gas mixtures suitable for rare event detection using a Micromegas-TPC detector
Creators: name: Ounalli, L.
name: Vuilleumier, J-L.
name: Schenker, D.
name: Vuilleumier, J-M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of the presented work was to develop further techniques based on a Micromegas-TPC, in order to reach a high gas gain with good energy resolution, and to search for gas mixtures suitable for rare event detection. This paper focuses on xenon, which is convenient for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay in 136 Xe. Conversely, a small admixture of xenon to CF 4 can reduce attachment in the latter. This gas mixture would be suitable for dark matter searches and the study of solar and reactor neutrinos. Various configurations of the Micromegas plane were investigated and are described.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, article, revised version with improved figures, text modifications, accepted for publication by JINST
title: Government resettlement as participatory adaptation to climate change : exploring the role of knowledge in the Lower Shire region of Malawi
Creators: name: Nicholson, Hebe
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020

description: There has been debate over how environmental change will influence migration. This PhD explores one aspect of this: the impact of flooding on migration patterns and the subsequent move by government actors to govern these migration patterns through resettlement in Malawi. This research suggests that this move to govern migration reflects a broader shift in the discourse of seeing migration as a positive opportunity and as adaptation to environmental change. It focuses on the Lower Shire region of Malawi, an area particularly impacted by flooding, and especially reflects on the participatory nature of the resettlement process, as this is highlighted by influential international guidelines as being necessary for the resettlement to be adaptive rather than mal-adaptive. To this end the research focuses on the knowledges involved and the varying power dynamics. Fieldwork occurred between August and November 2017 and consisted of 48 Interviews and six focus group discussions with three communities in the Lower Shire that had three different attitudes (unwilling, undecided, and resettled) towards resettlement. As well as 21 interviews with stakeholders in government and NGOs involved in these communities and in the resettlement process at a national and district level. The data showed that flooding related movements already occur in the communities but, due to the increasing severity of flooding, there is a growing desire by those in government and NGOs to initiate their own resettlement. However, official resettlement due to flooding is novel in Malawi, and there is confusion over what it entails and who is involved. This appears to lead to a disconnect between Resettlement, established by the government and resettlement, movements initiated by those in vulnerable communities. The data suggests that a key reason this disconnect develops is due to the different perceptions of knowledge. It appears that there is a subtly pervasive disregard of community knowledge and this can reduce the community agency within the resettlement process and prevent it from being participatory. However, the data also highlighted the intriguing ways the communities themselves can re-appropriate resettlement to indicate their needs in the process, illustrating the fluidity of knowledge and power within the resettlement process in Malawi.
Chemical Compositions of Kinematically Selected Outer Halo Stars
Creators: name: Zhang, Lan
name: Ishigaki, Miho
name: Aoki, Wako
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Chiba, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical abundances of 26 metal-poor dwarfs and giants are determined from high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra obtained with Subaru/HDS. The sample is selected so that most of the objects have outer-halo kinematics. Self-consistent atmospheric parameters were determined by an iterative procedure based on spectroscopic analysis. Abundances of 13 elements, including $α$-elements (Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), odd-Z light elements (Na, Sc), iron-peak elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn) and neutron-capture elements (Y, Ba), are determined by two independent data reduction and LTE analysis procedures, confirming the consistency of the stellar parameters and abundances results. We find a decreasing trend of [$α$/Fe] with increasing [Fe/H] for the range of $-3.5
description: 50 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication by ApJ
Additional file 4 of The climate changes promoted the chloroplast genomic evolution of Dendrobium orchids among multiple photosynthetic pathways
Creators: name: Xue, Qiqian
name: Yang, Jiapeng
name: Yu, Wenhui
name: Wang, Hongman
name: Hou, Zhenyu
name: Li, Chao
name: Xue, Qingyun
name: Liu, Wei
name: Ding, Xiaoyu
name: Niu, Zhitao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 1. The species information of 31 angiosperms used in the phylogenetic analysis
The checkerboard family of entangled states of two qutrits
Creators: name: Djokovic, Dragomir Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By modifying the method of Bruss and Peres, we construct two new families of entangled two qutrit states. For all density matrices in these families the (i,j)th entry is 0 for i+j odd. The first family depends on 27 independent real parameters and includes both PPT and NPT states. The second family consists of PPT entangled states. The number of independent real parameters of this family is at least 11.
description: 8 pages, no figures. Proof of Theorem 2.1 has been simplified, a new short section with two examples inserted, and the last section is revised.
Additional file 1 of Sex differences in symptoms following the administration of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children below 5 years of age in Germany (CoVacU5): a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Moor, Jeanne
name: Toepfner, Nicole
name: von Meißner, Wolfgang C. G.
name: Berner, Reinhard
name: Moor, Matthias B.
name: Kublickiene, Karolina
name: Strumann, Christoph
name: Chao, Cho-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Counting statistics of transport through Coulomb blockade nanostructures: High-order cumulants and non-Markovian effects
Creators: name: Flindt, Christian
name: Novotny, Tomas
name: Braggio, Alessandro
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental progress has made it possible to detect in real-time single electrons tunneling through Coulomb blockade nanostructures, thereby allowing for precise measurements of the statistical distribution of the number of transferred charges, the so-called full counting statistics. These experimental advances call for a solid theoretical platform for equally accurate calculations of distribution functions and their cumulants. Here we develop a general framework for calculating zero-frequency current cumulants of arbitrary orders for transport through nanostructures with strong Coulomb interactions. Our recursive method can treat systems with many states as well as non-Markovian dynamics. We illustrate our approach with three examples of current experimental relevance: bunching transport through a two-level quantum dot, transport through a nano-electromechanical system with dynamical Franck-Condon blockade, and transport through coherently coupled quantum dots embedded in a dissipative environment. We discuss properties of high-order cumulants as well as possible subtleties associated with non-Markovian dynamics.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, final version as published in Phys. Rev. B
The 2006-2007 Active Phase of Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 4U 0142+61: Radiative and Timing Changes, Bursts, and Burst Spectral Features
Creators: name: Gavriil, Fotis P.
name: Dib, Rim
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After at least 6 years of quiescence, Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) 4U 0142+61 entered an active phase in 2006 March that lasted several months and included six X-ray bursts as well as many changes in the persistent X-ray emission. The bursts, the first seen from this AXP in >11 years of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer monitoring, all occurred in the interval between 2006 April 6 and 2007 February 7. The burst durations ranged from 0.4-1.8\times103 s. The first five burst spectra are well modeled by blackbodies, with temperatures kT ~ 2-9 keV. However, the sixth burst had a complicated spectrum that is well characterized by a blackbody plus two emission features whose amplitude varied throughout the burst. The most prominent feature was at 14.0 keV. Upon entry into the active phase the pulsar showed a significant change in pulse morphology and a likely timing glitch. The glitch had a total frequency jump of (1.9\pm0.4)\times10-7 Hz, which recovered with a decay time of 17\pm 2 days by more than the initial jump, implying a net spin-down of the pulsar. Within the framework of the magnetar model, the net spin-down of the star could be explained by regions of the superfluid that rotate slower than the rest. The bursts, flux enhancements, and pulse morphology changes can be explained as arising from crustal deformations due to stresses imposed by the highly twisted internal magnetic field. However, unlike other AXP outbursts, we cannot account for a major twist being implanted in the magnetosphere.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted for application in ApJ. Text and figures substantially updated since last posting
Dirac equations in curved space-time versus Papapetrou spinning particles
Creators: name: Cianfrani, Francesco
name: Montani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find out classical particles, starting from Dirac quantum fields on a curved space-time, by an eikonal approximation and a localization hypothesis for amplitudes. We recover the results by Mathisson-Papapetrou, hence establishing a fundamental correspondence between the coupling of classical and quantum spinning particles with the gravitational field.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters
Additional file 6 of The climate changes promoted the chloroplast genomic evolution of Dendrobium orchids among multiple photosynthetic pathways
Creators: name: Xue, Qiqian
name: Yang, Jiapeng
name: Yu, Wenhui
name: Wang, Hongman
name: Hou, Zhenyu
name: Li, Chao
name: Xue, Qingyun
name: Liu, Wei
name: Ding, Xiaoyu
name: Niu, Zhitao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary Table 3. The basic information of 10 screened protein-coding genes.
Reheating in tachyonic inflationary models: Effects on the large scale curvature perturbations
Creators: name: Jain, Rajeev Kumar
name: Chingangbam, Pravabati
name: Sriramkumar, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the problem of perturbative reheating and its effects on the evolution of the curvature perturbations in tachyonic inflationary models. We derive the equations governing the evolution of the scalar perturbations for a system consisting of a tachyon and a perfect fluid. Assuming the perfect fluid to be radiation, we solve the coupled equations for the system numerically and study the evolution of the perturbations from the sub-Hubble to the super-Hubble scales. In particular, we analyze the effects of the transition from tachyon driven inflation to the radiation dominated epoch on the evolution of the large scale curvature and non-adiabatic pressure perturbations. We consider two different tachyonic potentials and study the effects of two possible types of decay of the tachyon into radiation. We plot the spectrum of curvature perturbations at the end of inflation as well as at the early stages of the radiation dominated epoch. We find that reheating does not affect the amplitude of the curvature perturbations in any of these cases. These results corroborate similar conclusions that have been arrived at earlier based on the study of the evolution of the perturbations in the super-Hubble limit. We illustrate that, before the transition to the radiation dominated epoch, the relative non-adiabatic pressure perturbation between the tachyon and radiation decays in a fashion very similar to that of the intrinsic entropy perturbation associated with the tachyon. Moreover, we show that, after the transition, the relative non-adiabatic pressure perturbation dies down extremely rapidly during the early stages of the radiation dominated epoch. These behavior ensure that the amplitude of the curvature perturbations remain unaffected during reheating. We also discuss the corresponding results for the popular chaotic inflation model in the case of the canonical scalar field. [abridged]
description: 29 pages, 5 figures: v2: RevTeX, 19 pages, 5 figures, discussion involving time-dependent decay rate removed, to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Sampling from naturally truncated power laws: The matchmaking paradox
Creators: name: Sokolov, I. M.
name: Eliazar, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider a network of M >> 1 nodes connected by N >> 1 links, in which the distribution of the number of links per node follows a power law with exponent 0
A program budget model for selected school programs in the province of Ontario
Creators: name: Brandwood, Colin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The study enquired into the need for better methods of presenting information for decision making purposes by boards of education. Chapters I and II present some information concerning the reasons for the current trend of introducing program budgeting into the public sector. A framework of criteria was identified within which a model could be developed. The purpose of the study was to develop a model program budget which could be used by school boards in the Province of Ontario for the efficient allocation of funds in accordance with objectives and goals. Ideally the model would comply with generally accepted criteria and clearly indicate the cost of the three programs included in the study. In conjunction with senior officials of the Board of Education on whose operations the model was based, a set of educational objectives was identified. The cost of each program under study was isolated from the total of appropriations for the year 1968. Financial and enrolment data were presented in a series of tables identifying pertinent revenues and expenditures per student. A multi-year projection of enrolment, financial and other data was made to emphasize the importance of the planning process. The findings of the study are indicated below. 1. Provincial Grants could be maximized by using a program budgeting system. 2. A program budget is compatible with the present system of provincial aid to education. 3. The data now assembled for budget purposes is appropriate for use in a program budgeting system. 4. Information for developing a program budget may be obtained at reasonable cost where this information is not now available, providing the system does not attempt the ultimate, at least initially, in considering subject costs as program costs. 5. A program budget would require a decentralized approach to the budgeting process. The conclusions from the study were that a program budgeting system would be a useful tool for the administration in determining priorities and in utilizing resources efficiently. A further advantage is that such a system necessitates the inclusion of aspects which in the past have been neglected, such as the formal identification of goals.
Quantum Reality Filters
Creators: name: Gudder, Stanley P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An anhomomorphic logic $\ascript ^*$ is the set of all possible realities for a quantum system. Our main goal is to find the "actual reality" $ϕ_a\in\ascript ^*$ for the system. Reality filters are employed to eliminate unwanted potential realities until only $ϕ_a$ remains. In this paper, we consider three reality filters that are constructed by means of quantum integrals. A quantum measure $μ$ can generate or actualize a $ϕ\in\ascript ^*$ if $μ(A)$ is a quantum integral with respect to $ϕ$ for a density function $f$ over events $A$. In this sense, $μ$ is an "average" of the truth values of $ϕ$ with weights given by $f$. We mainly discuss relations between these filters and their existence and uniqueness properties. For example, we show that a quadratic reality generated by a quantum measure is unique. In this case we obtain the unique actual quadratic reality.
description: 25 pages
Additional file 4 of Qin-Yu-Qing-Chang decoction reshapes colonic metabolism by activating PPAR-γ signaling to inhibit facultative anaerobes against DSS-induced colitis
Creators: name: Xu, Feng
name: Hu, Jingyi
name: Li, Yanan
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Au, Ryan
name: Tong, Yiheng
name: Wu, Yuguang
name: Cui, Yuan
name: Fang, Yulai
name: Chen, Hongxin
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Shen, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4.
Time-Fractional KdV Equation: Formulation and Solution using Variational Methods
Creators: name: El-Wakil, S. A.
name: Abulwafa, E. M.
name: Zahran, M. A.
name: Mahmoud, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the semi-inverse method has been used to derive the Lagrangian of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Then, the time operator of the Lagrangian of the KdV equation has been transformed into fractional domain in terms of the left-Riemann-Liouville fractional differential operator. The variational of the functional of this Lagrangian leads neatly to Euler-Lagrange equation. Via Agrawal's method, one can easily derive the time-fractional KdV equation from this Euler-Lagrange equation. Remarkably, the time-fractional term in the resulting KdV equation is obtained in Riesz fractional derivative in a direct manner. As a second step, the derived time-fractional KdV equation is solved using He's variational-iteration method. The calculations are carried out using initial condition depends on the nonlinear and dispersion coefficients of the KdV equation. We remark that more pronounced effects and deeper insight into the formation and properties of the resulting solitary wave by additionally considering the fractional order derivative beside the nonlinearity and dispersion terms.
description: The paper has been rewritten, 12 pages, 3 figures
Towards a gauge theory for evolution equations on vector-valued spaces
Creators: name: Cardanobile, Stefano
name: Mugnolo, Delio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E40, 47B65, 53C80

description: We investigate symmetry properties of vector-valued diffusion and Schrödinger equations. For a separable Hilbert space $H$ we characterize the subspaces of $L^2(Ω, H)$ that are local (i.e., defined pointwise) and discuss the issue of their invariance under the time evolution of the differential equation. In this context, the possibility of a connection between our results and the theory of gauge symmetries in mathematical physics is explored.
description: 8 pages
Additional file 7 of The climate changes promoted the chloroplast genomic evolution of Dendrobium orchids among multiple photosynthetic pathways
Creators: name: Xue, Qiqian
name: Yang, Jiapeng
name: Yu, Wenhui
name: Wang, Hongman
name: Hou, Zhenyu
name: Li, Chao
name: Xue, Qingyun
name: Liu, Wei
name: Ding, Xiaoyu
name: Niu, Zhitao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary Table 4. The basic information of positively selective genes.
On the valence bond solid in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Liao, Chen-Nan
name: Chern, Chyh-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the stability of the valence bond solid (VBS) phase against the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction in the bipartite lattice. Despite the VBS is vulnerable against the antiferromagnetic interaction, for example in the Q-J model proposed by Sandvik, where the quantum phase transition occurs at $J^*/Q = 0.04$, we found that on the contrary the VBS is very stable against the DM interaction. The quantum phase transition does not occur until D/Q goes to infinity, where D is the strength of the DM interaction. The VBS in the ALKT model and the Haldane gap system also exhibit the same property.
description: 5 pages and 5 figures