title: ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ðº Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ 5Ð¥ÐÐ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Modeling of hydrogen diffusion during heat treatment of forgings from steel 5Ð¥ÐÐ
Creators: name: ÐÐ¸ÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÐ°Ñ, ÐÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´
ÑÐ»Ð¾ÐºÐµÐ½Ñ
ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ°
Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ñ
modeling
hydrogen
flokens
thermal processing
diffusion

description: Ð¢ÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: Â«ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ðº Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ 5Ð¥ÐÐÂ». Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ 5Ð¥ÐÐ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¼Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°. ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: 1. ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´ÐµÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð² (ÑÐ»Ð¾ÐºÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð², ÑÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð½) Ð² ÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÑ; Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð½Ð° ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°; Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ, ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ, ÑÐ»ÑÐ¶ÐµÐ±Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ² ÑÑÐ°Ð»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°. 2. Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸, Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ Î± Ð¸ Î³ ÑÐ°Ð· Ð½Ð° Ð²ÑÐµÑ ÑÑÐ°Ð¿Ð°Ñ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸. 3. Ð¡ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÐ¸ Ð½Ð° Ð²ÑÐµÑ ÑÑÐ°Ð¿Ð°Ñ. 4. ÐÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ðµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÐ¸ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ°Ð¿Ðµ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ²ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¾ÐºÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸, Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð² ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ðº Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ 5Ð¥ÐÐ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹. Ð£ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ² ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ, Ð° ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ½ÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ñ. ÐÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐº Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ½ÐµÐ±ÑÐµÐ³Ð»Ð¸. Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ðµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ 670 Â°Ð¡, Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð² ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ñ 0.25 ppm Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÐµÑ 422 Ñ.
description: The theme of the qualification work: Â«Modeling of hydrogen diffusion during heat treatment of forgings from steel 5Ð¥ÐÐÂ». Purpose of the work: optimization of heat treatment of forgings made of 5Ð¥ÐÐ steel according to the maximum permissible hydrogen content. Work tasks: 1. Analysis of periodical literature on the effect of hydrogen on the formation of defects (flakes, cracks) in steels; the influence of various factors on the diffusion coefficient and solubility of hydrogen; change in mechanical, technological, service properties of steels from hydrogen content. 2. To develop physical and mathematical models of hydrogen diffusion during heat treatment of forgings, taking into account the change in the proportion of Î± and Î³ phases at all stages of heat treatment. 3. Correct the heat treatment mode according to the condition of reaching the required temperature and holding time at all stages. 4. Determine the required holding time at the stage of diffusion transformation of steel or antiflake treatment, at which the hydrogen content in the center of the forging is reduced to a safe value. In the presented work, the thermal and diffusion problem is solved during the heat treatment of forgings made of Â«5Ð¥ÐÐÂ» steel by the finite difference method. The changes in the thermophysical properties of steel from temperature are taken into account, and the diffusion and solubility coefficients of hydrogen are additionally dependent on the phase. The influence of hydrogen traps and temporary stresses was neglected. As a result of solving the optimization problem, the required holding time at 670 Â° C was determined, at which the hydrogen concentration in the center of the forging will decrease to 0.25 ppm and is 422 h.