cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mass-loading of bow shock pulsar wind nebulae
Creators: name: Morlino, G.
name: Lyutikov, M.
name: Vorster, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of bow shock nebulae created by pulsars moving supersonically through a partially ionized interstellar medium. A fraction of interstellar neutral hydrogen atoms penetrating into the tail region of a pulsar wind will undergo photo-ionization due to the UV light emitted by the nebula, with the resulting mass loading dramatically changing the flow dynamics of the light leptonic pulsar wind. Using a quasi 1-D hydrodynamic model of both non-relativistic and relativistic flow, and focusing on scales much larger than the stand-off distance, we find that if a relatively small density of neutral hydrogen, as low as $10^{-4}\,\text{cm}^{-3}$, penetrate inside the pulsar wind, this is sufficient to strongly affect the tail flow. Mass loading leads to the fast expansion of the pulsar wind tail, making the tail flow intrinsically non-stationary. The shapes predicted for the bow shock nebulae compare well with observations, both in H$α$ and X-rays.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
(1213) Byron Tate
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
J. Murdoch Mitchison - Bibliography from J. Murdoch Mitchison. 11 June 1922 — 17 March 2011.
Creators: name: Fantes, Peter
name: Mitchison, Sally
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: John Murdoch Mitchison, known as Murdoch, was elected FRS in recognition of his work on the cell cycle. This emerged from a lifelong interest in the natural sciences, interrupted by war-time work in Operational Research which developed his critical appraisal of research technique. Post-war, he completed a PhD at Cambridge, then worked with Sir Michael Swann FRS (1962) on mitotic membrane changes in sea urchins. In 1953 Murdoch joined the University of Edinburgh Zoology Department and in time switched his interest to the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Over the next 30 years he investigated cell growth and division, employing a meticulous approach to experiments. He considered there to be a ‘growth cycle’ in cells, independent of the DNA-division cycle. There is experimental evidence to support this idea, but further investigations of it have been limited.Actively fostering a relaxed but industrious and enquiring ethos in the lab, Murdoch ran the department jointly with Aubrey Manning. The Mitchison group's work at Edinburgh attracted students including Paul Nurse (later Sir Paul Nurse; FRS 1989, PRS 2010–2015), Béla Novak, Kim Nasmyth (FRS 1989) and Peter Fantes as well as many visiting academics. Murdoch's work on S. pombe came to both national and international recognition, forming a foundation for the current thriving community of researchers in cell physiology, cell genetics and molecular biology.Murdoch is remembered for his single-minded commitment to cell biology research and his generous, fair-minded support of younger colleagues and students. He was, additionally, an expert landscape gardener, a convivial host and phenomenally well-informed on most subjects.
Liquid Intersection Types
Creators: name: Pereira, Mário
name: Alves, Sandra
name: Florido, Mário
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new type system combining refinement types and the expressiveness of intersection type discipline. The use of such features makes it possible to derive more precise types than in the original refinement system. We have been able to prove several interesting properties for our system (including subject reduction) and developed an inference algorithm, which we proved to be sound.
description: In Proceedings ITRS 2014, arXiv:1503.04377
What Drives the Growth of Black Holes?
Creators: name: Yang, Guang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Astrophysics;Astronomy

description: There are supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the centers of most massive galaxies. Observations of nearby systems have found that SMBH masses (M_BH) are tightly correlated with host-galaxy properties such as bulge masses. These local SMBH-galaxy relations suggest that SMBH growth is fundamentally linked to host galaxies over cosmic history. Previous studies suggest that long-term average SMBH accretion rate (BHAR) is intrinsically related to star formation rate (SFR) for the overall galaxy population. However, we show that BHAR is more strongly correlated with host-galaxy stellar mass (M_*) rather than SFR (Chapter 2), and this BHAR-M_* relation does not depend on cosmic environment (Chapter 3). We further quantify this BHAR-M_* relation and its cosmic evolution at z= 0.4–4 (Chapter 4). However, we find this BHAR-M_* relation does not hold for bulge-dominated galaxies, and their BHAR primarily depends on SFR (Chapter 5). This BHAR-SFR relation among bulge-dominated galaxies indicates that SMBHs only coevolve with galactic bulges rather than the entire galaxies, consistent with the observations of the local universe. Aside from the content above, which centers on the theme of “what drives the growth of black holes”, this dissertation also includes my other three works as appendices. These works include studies of photometric redshift (Appendix A), X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei (Appendix B), and fast extragalactic X-ray transients (Appendix C).
title: Evaluation Techniques for the Applications of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity
Creators: name: Alriyami, Said
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The number of internet users is on the rise and more and more parts of our lives depend on the internet. However, there is also an increase in online threats. The newly discovered malware are in millions every year. This makes the manual process of detecting and defending against the attacks harder, thus, we need a more automated way to do so. Machine learning (ML) can help the automation by finding zero-day attacks or new malware. The work presented in this thesis is concerned with the evaluation methods used to measure the performance of the machine learning applications for cybersecurity. The current evaluation methods do not take into consideration the rapid change nature of security applications. For that, we need other evaluation methods that give a deeper understanding of the ML model designed for the application of cybersecurity. There are the two most-known methods of evaluation: handout set and k-Fold cross-valuation. These methods are designed to give a general understanding of the model performance to select the best model that can perform well in the deployment stage. However, various types of tasks create various challenges for these methods. In some cases, we needed more specialised methods. First, we need to check if the result generated by the model is just a matter of overfitting because of the data generated from the same environment, for example, an overfitting by the computer network architecture. Second, the threats to cybersecurity are consistently changing. Therefore, we need to measure how much we need to update our model, how often, and what kind of threats there are—for example, the constant changes in malware. Finally, some problems can generate an almost infinite amount of data. Therefore, we need to look for different evaluation methods for these problems such as cryptography problems. In this work, we propose different ways of tackling these problems. For the first type, we propose the use of the Cross-Datasets Evaluation method. We will take an example from Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS). The data will be generated from two different computer networks. We propose five different ways of splitting the data based on the duration (time) and data size for the second type. We will use the method with malware detection and propose a new deep learning model for that. For the last type, we propose the use of a generator for the evaluation. We will take the RSA algorithm security as an example. By proposing those kinds of methods, we have a better and more practical way of evaluating the cybersecurity applications of machine learning.
(1215) Sarah Elizabeth Tate
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ecosystem processes at the watershed scale: Extending optimality theory from plot to catchment
Creators: name: Hwang, Taehee
name: Hales, T. C.
name: Band, Lawrence
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The adjustment of local vegetation conditions to limiting soil water by either maximizing productivity or minimizing water stress has been an area of central interest in ecohydrology since Eagleson's classic study. This work has typically been limited to consider one-dimensional exchange and cycling within patches and has not incorporated the effects of lateral redistribution of soil moisture, coupled ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling, and vegetation allocation processes along topographic gradients. We extend this theory to the hillslope and catchment scale, with in situ and downslope feedbacks between water, carbon and nutrient cycling within a fully transient, distributed model. We explore whether ecosystem patches linked along hydrologic flow paths as a catena evolve to form an emergent pattern optimized to local climate and topographic conditions. Lateral hydrologic connectivity of a small catchment is calibrated with streamflow data and further tested with measured soil moisture patterns. Then, the spatial gradient of vegetation density within a small catchment estimated with fine-resolution satellite imagery and field measurements is evaluated with simulated vegetation growth patterns from different root depth and allocation strategies as a function of hillslope position. This is also supported by the correspondence of modeled and field measured spatial patterns of root depths and catchment-level aboveground vegetation productivity. We test whether the simulated spatial pattern of vegetation corresponds to measured canopy patterns and an optimal state relative to a set of ecosystem processes, defined as maximizing ecosystem productivity and water use efficiency at the catchment scale. Optimal carbon uptake ranges show effective compromises between multiple resources (water, light, and nutrients), modulated by vegetation allocation dynamics along hillslope gradient.
title: The Social Ecology of Illicit Protection: A History of the Drug Trade in Northern Ireland
Creators: name: Purvis, William
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2027

description: This thesis studies the evolution of illicit drug markets in Northern Ireland. The analysis spans roughly four decades, exploring how conflict, ceasefires, and relative peace have shaped demand and supply. This study deconstructs paradoxical assumptions that underpin rhetoric surrounding the role of paramilitary organisations in the drug trade: primarily the widespread belief that organisations successfully curtailed demand for, and supply of, illicit drugs in order to protect citizens; and then subsequently played a central role in the rapid growth of markets including facilitating large scale trafficking. The analysis illustrates that informal control of drugs is tied to wider social mechanisms and processes that organisations experience alongside the communities that they form part of; and that early growth of drug markets is largely attributable to actors who are unaffiliated with such organisations and who do not experience the constraints that membership brings. Moreover, this study shows that the market for protection surrounding illicit drug supply has changed considerably over time; and that the paradoxes inherent in public discourse are largely based on confusion between the supply of protection and functional roles in the drug trade. This study demonstrates that the norms and rules that underwrite drug markets can evolve and change, creating opportunities for new and existing actors. Ultimately, the analysis situates drug markets in Northern Ireland within the context of the social forces that underpin informal control of people and place, which provides a more nuanced understanding of the demand for, and supply of, illicit protection beyond the obvious consequences of prohibition and the role of state.
Murdoch's lab book from J. Murdoch Mitchison. 11 June 1922 — 17 March 2011
Creators: name: Fantes, Peter
name: Mitchison, Sally
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: John Murdoch Mitchison, known as Murdoch, was elected FRS in recognition of his work on the cell cycle. This emerged from a lifelong interest in the natural sciences, interrupted by war-time work in Operational Research which developed his critical appraisal of research technique. Post-war, he completed a PhD at Cambridge, then worked with Sir Michael Swann FRS on mitotic membrane changes in sea urchins. In 1953 Murdoch joined the University of Edinburgh Zoology Department and in time switched his interest to the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Over the next 30 years he investigated cell growth and division, employing a meticulous approach to experiments. He considered there to be a ‘growth cycle’ in cells, independent of the DNA-division cycle. There is experimental evidence to support this idea, but further investigations of it have been limited.Actively fostering a relaxed but industrious and enquiring ethos in the lab, Murdoch ran the department jointly with Aubrey Manning. The Mitchison group's work at Edinburgh attracted students including Paul Nurse (later Sir Paul Nurse; FRS 1989, PRS 2010–2015), Béla Novak, Kim Nasmyth (FRS 1989) and Peter Fantes as well as many visiting academics. Murdoch's work on S. pombe came to both national and international recognition, forming a foundation for the current thriving community of researchers in cell physiology, cell genetics and molecular biology.Murdoch is remembered for his single-minded commitment to cell biology research and his generous, fair-minded support of younger colleagues and students. He was, additionally, an expert landscape gardener, a convivial host and phenomenally well-informed on most subjects.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND ECONOMIC CONTENT OF INVESTMENT
Creators: name: Rizaeva, Kumush
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Investments are long-term investments and various industrial, social and economic programs, innovations, business projects and private foreign projects with the goal of economic development. Soglasno teorii mennoy stoimosti deneg, investitsii - eto volozhenie sredstv s tselyu pocheniya vygody v dushchem. Investitsii oznachayut vlozhenie ili reservirovanie kapitala na opredelennyy vremeni. Osnovnaya tsel etogo — sokhranit stoimost kapitala ili, esli net, uvelichit stoimost kapitala s techeniem vremeni.
Indexed linear logic and higher-order model checking
Creators: name: Grellois, Charles
name: Melliès, Paul-André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent work, Kobayashi observed that the acceptance by an alternating tree automaton A of an infinite tree T generated by a higher-order recursion scheme G may be formulated as the typability of the recursion scheme G in an appropriate intersection type system associated to the automaton A. The purpose of this article is to establish a clean connection between this line of work and Bucciarelli and Ehrhard's indexed linear logic. This is achieved in two steps. First, we recast Kobayashi's result in an equivalent infinitary intersection type system where intersection is not idempotent anymore. Then, we show that the resulting type system is a fragment of an infinitary version of Bucciarelli and Ehrhard's indexed linear logic. While this work is very preliminary and does not integrate key ingredients of higher-order model-checking like priorities, it reveals an interesting and promising connection between higher-order model-checking and linear logic.
description: In Proceedings ITRS 2014, arXiv:1503.04377
Glossary from J. Murdoch Mitchison. 11 June 1922 — 17 March 2011
Creators: name: Fantes, Peter
name: Mitchison, Sally
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: John Murdoch Mitchison, known as Murdoch, was elected FRS in recognition of his work on the cell cycle. This emerged from a lifelong interest in the natural sciences, interrupted by war-time work in Operational Research which developed his critical appraisal of research technique. Post-war, he completed a PhD at Cambridge, then worked with Sir Michael Swann FRS on mitotic membrane changes in sea urchins. In 1953 Murdoch joined the University of Edinburgh Zoology Department and in time switched his interest to the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Over the next 30 years he investigated cell growth and division, employing a meticulous approach to experiments. He considered there to be a ‘growth cycle’ in cells, independent of the DNA-division cycle. There is experimental evidence to support this idea, but further investigations of it have been limited.Actively fostering a relaxed but industrious and enquiring ethos in the lab, Murdoch ran the department jointly with Aubrey Manning. The Mitchison group's work at Edinburgh attracted students including Paul Nurse (later Sir Paul Nurse; FRS 1989, PRS 2010–2015), Béla Novak, Kim Nasmyth (FRS 1989) and Peter Fantes as well as many visiting academics. Murdoch's work on S. pombe came to both national and international recognition, forming a foundation for the current thriving community of researchers in cell physiology, cell genetics and molecular biology.Murdoch is remembered for his single-minded commitment to cell biology research and his generous, fair-minded support of younger colleagues and students. He was, additionally, an expert landscape gardener, a convivial host and phenomenally well-informed on most subjects.
Initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations of the scalar sector of theories of Newtonian, Relativistic and Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Valkenburg, Wessel
name: Hu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a description for setting initial particle displacements and field values for simulations of arbitrary metric theories of gravity, for perfect and imperfect fluids with arbitrary characteristics. We extend the Zel'dovich Approximation to nontrivial theories of gravity, and show how scale dependence implies curved particle paths, even in the entirely linear regime of perturbations. For a viable choice of Effective Field Theory of Modified Gravity, initial conditions set at high redshifts are affected at the level of up to 5% at Mpc scales, which exemplifies the importance of going beyond Λ-Cold Dark Matter initial conditions for modifications of gravity outside of the quasi-static approximation. In addition, we show initial conditions for a simulation where a scalar modification of gravity is modelled in a Lagrangian particle-like description. Our description paves the way for simulations and mock galaxy catalogs under theories of gravity beyond the standard model, crucial for progress towards precision tests of gravity and cosmology.
description: 27 pages, 6 figure, code available at http://falconb.org. Matches version published in JCAP
Development of the Global Width Database for Large Rivers
Creators: name: Miller, Zachary F.
name: Bates, Paul D.
name: Trigg, Mark A.
name: O'Loughlin, Fiachra
name: Pavelsky, Tamlin M.
name: Yamazaki, Dai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: River width is a fundamental parameter of river hydrodynamic simulations, but no global-scale river width database based on observed water bodies has yet been developed. Here we present a new algorithm that automatically calculates river width from satellite-based water masks and flow direction maps. The Global Width Database for Large Rivers (GWD-LR) is developed by applying the algorithm to the SRTM Water Body Database and the HydroSHEDS flow direction map. Both bank-to-bank river width and effective river width excluding islands are calculated for river channels between 60S and 60N. The effective river width of GWD-LR is compared with existing river width databases for the Congo and Mississippi Rivers. The effective river width of the GWD-LR is slightly narrower compared to the existing databases, but the relative difference is within ±20% for most river channels. As the river width of the GWD-LR is calculated along the river channels of the HydroSHEDS flow direction map, it is relatively straightforward to apply the GWD-LR to global- and continental-scale river modeling.
On Isomorphism of "Functional" Intersection and Union Types
Creators: name: Coppo, Mario
name: Dezani-Ciancaglini, Mariangiola
name: Margaria, Ines
name: Zacchi, Maddalena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; F.3.3

description: Type isomorphism is useful for retrieving library components, since a function in a library can have a type different from, but isomorphic to, the one expected by the user. Moreover type isomorphism gives for free the coercion required to include the function in the user program with the right type. The present paper faces the problem of type isomorphism in a system with intersection and union types. In the presence of intersection and union, isomorphism is not a congruence and cannot be characterised in an equational way. A characterisation can still be given, quite complicated by the interference between functional and non functional types. This drawback is faced in the paper by interpreting each atomic type as the set of functions mapping any argument into the interpretation of the type itself. This choice has been suggested by the initial projection of Scott's inverse limit lambda-model. The main result of this paper is a condition assuring type isomorphism, based on an isomorphism preserving reduction.
description: In Proceedings ITRS 2014, arXiv:1503.04377
J. Murdoch Mitchison - Bibliography from J. Murdoch Mitchison. 11 June 1922 — 17 March 2011
Creators: name: Fantes, Peter
name: Mitchison, Sally
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: John Murdoch Mitchison, known as Murdoch, was elected FRS in recognition of his work on the cell cycle. This emerged from a lifelong interest in the natural sciences, interrupted by war-time work in Operational Research which developed his critical appraisal of research technique. Post-war, he completed a PhD at Cambridge, then worked with Sir Michael Swann FRS on mitotic membrane changes in sea urchins. In 1953 Murdoch joined the University of Edinburgh Zoology Department and in time switched his interest to the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Over the next 30 years he investigated cell growth and division, employing a meticulous approach to experiments. He considered there to be a ‘growth cycle’ in cells, independent of the DNA-division cycle. There is experimental evidence to support this idea, but further investigations of it have been limited.Actively fostering a relaxed but industrious and enquiring ethos in the lab, Murdoch ran the department jointly with Aubrey Manning. The Mitchison group's work at Edinburgh attracted students including Paul Nurse (later Sir Paul Nurse; FRS 1989, PRS 2010–2015), Béla Novak, Kim Nasmyth (FRS 1989) and Peter Fantes as well as many visiting academics. Murdoch's work on S. pombe came to both national and international recognition, forming a foundation for the current thriving community of researchers in cell physiology, cell genetics and molecular biology.Murdoch is remembered for his single-minded commitment to cell biology research and his generous, fair-minded support of younger colleagues and students. He was, additionally, an expert landscape gardener, a convivial host and phenomenally well-informed on most subjects.
Lorenz-Mie theory for 2D scattering and resonance calculations
Creators: name: Gagnon, Denis
name: Dubé, Louis J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This PhD tutorial is concerned with a description of the two-dimensional generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (2D-GLMT), a well-established numerical method used to compute the interaction of light with arrays of cylindrical scatterers. This theory is based on the method of separation of variables and the application of an addition theorem for cylindrical functions. The purpose of this tutorial is to assemble the practical tools necessary to implement the 2D-GLMT method for the computation of scattering by passive scatterers or of resonances in optically active media. The first part contains a derivation of the vector and scalar Helmholtz equations for 2D geometries, starting from Maxwell's equations. Optically active media are included in 2D-GLMT using a recent stationary formulation of the Maxwell-Bloch equations called steady-state ab initio laser theory (SALT), which introduces new classes of solutions useful for resonance computations. Following these preliminaries, a detailed description of 2D-GLMT is presented. The emphasis is placed on the derivation of beam-shape coefficients for scattering computations, as well as the computation of resonant modes using a combination of 2D-GLMT and SALT. The final section contains several numerical examples illustrating the full potential of 2D-GLMT for scattering and resonance computations. These examples, drawn from the literature, include the design of integrated polarization filters and the computation of optical modes of photonic crystal cavities and random lasers.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Journal of Optics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it
Typing Classes and Mixins with Intersection Types
Creators: name: Bessai, Jan
name: Düdder, Boris
name: Dudenhefner, Andrej
name: Chen, Tzu-Chun
name: de'Liguoro, Ugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.3; F.4.1

description: We study an assignment system of intersection types for a lambda-calculus with records and a record-merge operator, where types are preserved both under subject reduction and expansion. The calculus is expressive enough to naturally represent mixins as functions over recursively defined classes, whose fixed points, the objects, are recursive records. In spite of the double recursion that is involved in their definition, classes and mixins can be meaningfully typed without resorting to neither recursive nor F-bounded polymorphic types. We then adapt mixin construct and composition to Java and C#, relying solely on existing features in such a way that the resulting code remains typable in the respective type systems. We exhibit some example code, and study its typings in the intersection type system via interpretation into the lambda-calculus with records we have proposed.
description: In Proceedings ITRS 2014, arXiv:1503.04377
(1210) Maria Jackson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Detecting entanglement in quantum many-body systems via permutation moments
Creators: name: Liu, Zhenhuan
name: Tang, Yifan
name: Dai, Hao
name: Liu, Pengyu
name: Chen, Shu
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multipartite entanglement plays an essential role in both quantum information science and many-body physics. Due to the exponentially large dimension and complex geometric structure of the state space, the detection of entanglement in many-body systems is extremely challenging in reality. Conventional means, like entanglement witness and entropy criterion, either highly depend on the prior knowledge of the studied systems or the detection capability is relatively weak. In this work, we propose a framework for designing multipartite entanglement criteria based on permutation moments, which have an effective implementation with either the generalized control-SWAP quantum circuits or the random unitary techniques. These criteria show strong detection capability in the multi-qubit Ising model with a long-range $XY$ Hamiltonian. The quantities associated with these criteria have clear physical meaning and can be used as entanglement quantifiers, with which we show the entanglement scaling transition in a quantum dynamical phase transition. Furthermore, our framework can also be generalized to detect the much more complicated entanglement structure in quantum many-body systems.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures
Stellar collisions in globular clusters: Constraints on the initial mass function of the first generation of stars
Creators: name: Dib, Sami
name: Kravtsov, Valery V.
name: Haghi, Hosein
name: Zonoozi, Akram Hasani
name: Belinchón, José Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters display an anticorrelation between the fraction of the first generation of stars ($N({\rm G1})/N({\rm tot})$) and the slope of the present-day mass function of the clusters ($α_{pd}$), which is particularly significant for massive clusters. In the framework of the binary-mediated collision scenario for the formation of the second-generation stars in globular clusters, we test the effect of a varying stellar initial mass function (IMF) of the G1 stars on the $(N({\rm G1})/N({\rm tot}))-α_{pd}$ anticorrelation. We use a simple collision model that has only two input parameters, the shape of the IMF of G1 stars and the fraction of G1 stars that coalesce to form second-generation stars. We show that a variable efficiency of the collision process is necessary in order to explain the $(N({\rm G1})/N({\rm tot}))-α_{pd}$ anticorrelation; however, the scatter in the anticorrelation can only be explained by variations in the IMF, and in particular by variations in the slope in the mass interval $\approx$ (0.1-0.5) M$_{\odot}$. Our results indicate that in order to explain the scatter in the $(N({\rm G1})/N({\rm tot}))-α_{pd}$ relation, it is necessary to invoke variations in the slope in this mass range between $\approx -0.9$ and $\approx -1.9$. Interpreted in terms of a Kroupa-like broken power law, this translates into variations in the mean mass of between $\approx 0.2$ and $0.55$ M$_{\odot}$. This level of variation is consistent with what is observed for young stellar clusters in the Milky Way and may reflect variations in the physical conditions of the globular cluster progenitor clouds at the time the G1 population formed or may indicate the occurrence of collisions between protostellar embryos before stars settle on the main sequence.
description: Accepted to A&A. Matches the published version. Typo for the sign of alpha1 and alpha2 corrected in Figures 1-4
Supplementary data to the manuscript entitled "Synchrotron-based visualization and segmentation of elastic lamellae in the mouse carotid artery during quasi-static pressure inflation".
Creators: name: Trachet, Bram
name: Ferraro, Mauro
name: Lovric, Goran
name: Aslanidou, Lydia
name: Logghe, Gerlinde
name: Segers, Patrick
name: Stergiopulos, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Detailed supplementary data including the segmentation algorithm (methods) and the difference between ApoE-deficient and WT mice (results).
(1207) Dorothea Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Improving Runtime Overheads for detectEr
Creators: name: Cassar, Ian
name: Francalanza, Adrian
name: Said, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We design monitor optimisations for detectEr, a runtime-verification tool synthesising systems of concurrent monitors from correctness properties for Erlang programs. We implement these optimisations as part of the existing tool and show that they yield considerably lower runtime overheads when compared to the unoptimised monitor synthesis.
description: In Proceedings FESCA 2015, arXiv:1503.04378
Scalable fast benchmarking for individual quantum gates with local twirling
Creators: name: Zhang, Yihong
name: Yu, Wenjun
name: Zeng, Pei
name: Liu, Guoding
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the development of controllable quantum systems, fast and practical characterization for multi-qubit gates is essential for building high-fidelity quantum computing devices. The usual way to fulfill this requirement via randomized benchmarking asks for the complicated implementation of numerous multi-qubit twirling gates. How to efficiently and reliably estimate the fidelity of a quantum process remains an open problem. In this work, we propose a character-cycle benchmarking protocol and a character-average benchmarking protocol only using local twirling gates to estimate the process fidelity of an individual multi-qubit operation. Our protocols can characterize a large class of quantum gates including and beyond the Clifford group via the local gauge transformation, which forms a universal gate set for quantum computing. We numerically demonstrate our protocols for a non-Clifford gate -- controlled-$(TX)$ and a Clifford gate -- five-qubit quantum error-correcting encoding circuit. The numerical results show that our protocols can efficiently and reliably characterize the gate process fidelities. Compared with the cross-entropy benchmarking, the simulation results show that the character-average benchmarking achieves three orders of magnitude improvements in terms of sampling complexity.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
Conformal invariant cosmological perturbations via the covariant approach
Creators: name: Li, Mingzhe
name: Mou, Yicen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that some cosmological perturbations are conformal invariant. This facilitates the studies of perturbations within some gravitational theories alternative to general relativity, for example the scalar-tensor theory, because it is possible to do equivalent analysis in a certain frame in which the perturbation equations are simpler. In this paper we revisit the problem of conformal invariances of cosmological perturbations in terms of the covariant approach in which the perturbation variables have clear geometric and physical meanings. We show that with this approach the conformal invariant perturbations are easily identified.
description: 9 pages, the version to appear in JCAP
(1208) Althea Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary data to the manuscript entitled "Synchrotron-based visualization and segmentation of elastic lamellae in the mouse carotid artery during quasi-static pressure inflation"
Creators: name: Trachet, Bram
name: Ferraro, Mauro
name: Lovric, Goran
name: Aslanidou, Lydia
name: Logghe, Gerlinde
name: Segers, Patrick
name: Stergiopulos, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Detailed supplementary data including the segmentation algorithm (methods) and the difference between ApoE-deficient and WT mice (results).
title: What factors influence the choices of Language Learning Strategies of Chinese and Taiwanese undergraduate students studying English together in a Taiwanese university?
Creators: name: Taylor, Dionne Dawn Adams
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2025

description: This study centres on the choices of Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) employed by Chinese and Taiwanese students learning English in a Taiwanese faith-based university in the Republic of China (ROC). LLSs have been extensively researched in the fields of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) mainly in the Global North. Although the definition of LLSs has been controversial for the last three decades, the concept has been widely used in the field of language learning. During my four and a half years of teaching in higher education institutions in China, I observed that my Chinese students in a Chinese university were often reluctant to volunteer answers to teacher-posed questions, participate in oral activities or challenge my thoughts and propositions. The focus on completing grammar-based tasks for exam preparation, and the lack of oral practice, resulted in students struggling to maintain a conversation where clear communication was achieved. Motivated to help my students in their language learning journey, I sought to better understand the strategies they adopted when learning English. My unforeseen relocation to Taiwan, and the augmentation in the Cross-Straitization of Higher Education, opened the way to research both Chinese and Taiwanese university students studying together in a Taiwanese university. Chinese and Taiwanese students are perceived to emanate from a Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC), however, their educational experiences prior to entering higher education, are different. This Mixed Methods study explores the LLS choices of both Chinese and Taiwanese students, together with the views of their teachers, through a cultural lens. The findings appear to show a lack of understanding by teachers and students regarding the utility of LLSs in the teaching and learning of English. Where Chinese students appear to employ LLSs, they utilise a limited range, acquired through repetition, in preparation for examinations in high school. Taiwanese students, under similar academic circumstances, appear more confident in their approach to language learning, having reported to experience more diverse curricula and opportunities to engage with speakers of English. Both cohorts participate in activities which appear to contribute to their development of English proficiency, but they do not recognise them as LLSs. Prior educational experiences play a role in students’ selections of working partners and consequently has implications for student working groups. The supportive nature of this faith-based campus environment influences the language learning experiences of students. However, this influence does not appear to be recognised or proactively utilised.
A Denotational Semantics for Communicating Unstructured Code
Creators: name: Jähnig, Nils
name: Göthel, Thomas
name: Glesner, Sabine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An important property of programming language semantics is that they should be compositional. However, unstructured low-level code contains goto-like commands making it hard to define a semantics that is compositional. In this paper, we follow the ideas of Saabas and Uustalu to structure low-level code. This gives us the possibility to define a compositional denotational semantics based on least fixed points to allow for the use of inductive verification methods. We capture the semantics of communication using finite traces similar to the denotations of CSP. In addition, we examine properties of this semantics and give an example that demonstrates reasoning about communication and jumps. With this semantics, we lay the foundations for a proof calculus that captures both, the semantics of unstructured low-level code and communication.
description: In Proceedings FESCA 2015, arXiv:1503.04378
(1209) Edward Tate
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary information from Predation shapes sperm performance surfaces in guppies.
Creators: name: Devigili, Alessandro
name: Evans, Jonathan P.
name: Fitzpatrick, John L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Sperm velocity is a key determinant of competitive fertilization success in many species. Selection is therefore expected to favour the evolution of faster sperm when the level of sperm competition is high. However, several aspects can determine the direction and strength of selection acting on this key performance trait, including ecological factors that influence both sperm competition and the strength of selection acting on correlated traits that may constrain evolutionary responses in sperm velocity. Here, we determine how a key ecological variable, the level of predation, shapes sperm swimming speed across 18 Trinidadian populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We use performance analysis, a statistical tool akin to the familiar methods of multivariate selection analyses, to determine how the level of predation influences sperm velocity (modelled as a performance trait) when accounting for correlated pre- and postcopulatory traits that are also impacted by predation. We show that predation affects the combination of pre- and postcopulatory traits that ultimately predict sperm performance. Overall, we report evidence for disruptive relationships between sperm performance and combinations of ornaments and sperm morphology, but the specific combinations of traits that predict sperm velocity depended on the level of predation. These analyses underscore the complex nonlinear interrelationships among pre- and postcopulatory traits and the importance of considering ecological factors that may ultimately change the way in which multiple traits interact to determine a trait's performance value. As such, our results are likely to be broadly applicable across systems where selection is influenced by ecological conditions.