Mansonia (Mansonia) iguassuensis Barbosa, Silva & Sallum, 2007, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Barbosa, Andreia Aparecida
name: Silva, Mário Antônio Navarro Da
name: Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae
Mansonia
Mansonia iguassuensis

description: Mansonia (Mansonia) iguassuensis sp. nov.
(Figs. 1,2)
Mansonia titillans in part of Costa Lima (1935); Barreto & Coutinho (1944); Pratt (1945); Navarro-Silva et al (2004); Tissot & Navarro-Silva (2004).
Mansonia wilsoni in part of Navarro-Silva et al (2004); Tissot & Navarro-Silva (2004).
Diagnosis. Scutum of adult male and female covered with small, narrow, dark brown scales, without glabrous areas; abdominal terga with distinct lateral patches of white scales; gonostyle of male genitalia elongate, ventral margin regular, without indentation; pupal setae 4-VIII as long as 0.25 paddle length.
Female. Medium-sized mosquito with dark-brown integument; proboscis, maxillary palpi, wings, femora spotted with pale and dark scales. Head: vertex and ocular margin with light golden, slender, decumbent scales; occiput with erect forked dark scales, ocular margin with long, strong, curved and dark setae. Proboscis slightly longer than the anterior femur (2.58 ± 0.10 mm), predominantly covered with dark scales, middle third mostly covered with light golden scales. Maxillary palpus about 0.33 of the proboscis total length (0.88 ± 0.06 mm), palpomeres 2 and 3 light and dark-scaled laterally, inner surface without scales, palpomere 4 minute, white and without scales. Antenna shorter than proboscis (2.23 ± 0.17 mm), flagellomeres whitish at base and darker distally, pedicel with few light scales on medial surface. Thorax: acrostichal, dorsocentral, prescutellar, medial, posterior acrostichal, supraalar and fossal areas with numerous long, strong, curved and dark brown setae. Scutum completely covered by scales, without glabrous areas. Acrostichal, dorsocentral, fossal area, prescutellar and supraalar areas mostly covered with thin, short, dark brown scales with bronzy sheen, except for a large tuft of long and truncate scales among the supraalar setae. Scutum with brown integument, prescutellar area dark brown and the fossal area light to medium brown. Scutellum with light golden scales and long, strong chestnut-colored setae in middle and lateral lobes. Antepronotum, postpronotum, proepisternum, upper and lower mesoepisternum, lower mesoepimerum with strong chestnut-colored setae. Postspiracular area, upper and lower mesokatepisternum and lower mesepimeron with narrow, light golden setae. Antepronotum and postpronotum with narrow, light golden scales; proepisternum, upper and lower mesokatepisternum, anterior and superior mesepimeron with broad light-golden scales Coxae and trochanters with patches of light and dark scales and strong, dark setae. Femur spotted with dark and pale scales, inner surface of the middle and posterior femur mainly pale-scaled. Anterior femur length 2.23 ± 0.13 mm. Tibiae mostly dark-scaled. Fore and midtarsomeres 1, 2, 3 and 4 with pale scales at base, not forming complete ring; tarsomere 5 entirely dark-scaled. Hindtarsomeres 1-5 with white pale scales at base not forming complete ring. Wings covered with broad asymmetrical and elongated scales. Wing scales predominantly dark, intermixed with pale scales. Wing length 5.23 ± 0.30 mm. Wing fringe with elongated, light grey, scales. Halter: pedicel pale, capitellum dark-scaled. Abdomen: length 4,46 ± 0.15 mm; tergum I with medial, somewhat rounded patch of pale scales; tergum II mainly dark-scaled, with a small lateral apical patch of white scales. Terga III-VII with light golden scales intermixed with dark scales laterally, with a small lateral apical patch of white scales. Tergum VII (Fig. 2 D) with apical posterior row of short spines; tergum VIII (Fig. 2 E) with anterior row of about 14 strong dark spines and one posterior row of about 7 spines and one central group with nine.
Male. Similar to female except pale scales more abundant on terga. Abdomen: tergum I almost entirely covered by light scales, tergum II with pale scales covering posterior 0.5 of segment; terga III-V with posterior band of pale scales, narrower than band of tergum II, tergum VI-VIII without a conspicuous band of pale scales. Maxillary palpus longer than the proboscis by the length of the palpomere 5; dorsal surface with light scales intermixed with dark scales, with conspicuous bands of white scales on palpomeres articulations; medial surface without scales; apex of palpomere 3 with tuft of fine straight setae ventrally, extending to middle of palpomere 5; palpomeres 4 and 5 with long, strong, straight setae projecting downward. Wing length 4.44 ± 0.13 mm; forefemur 2.08 ± 0.13 mm; maxillary palpus length 2.48 ± 0.11 mm; proboscis length 2.31 ± 0.12 mm; abdomen length 5.12 ± 0.12 mm; antennal length 1.61 ± 0.07 mm. Male genitalia: tergum VIII (Fig 1 E) with a row of 10 setae posteriorly, apex of each setae divided into 2-5 branches. Segment IX poorly developed, membranous, covered with minute spicules. Gonocoxite (Fig. 1 D) elongated, base wider than apex, dorsal and ventral surfaces separated by medial membrane. Gonocoxite with tuft of somewhat curved, long and strong setae arising apicolaterally, these setae shorter than gonocoxite length, basolateral surface with tuft of long, strong setae, extending beyond apex of gonocoxite, area of gonocoxite between basolateral and apicolateral setal tufts with short, sparse setae; lateral and ventral surfaces with scales. Gonostyle (Fig. 1 F) long, arising from gonocoxite apex, with width similar in all its length, curving and tapering to a narrow apex, ending in one short, strong apical seta, gonostyle with ventral margin smooth, and basolateral lobe projecting distally and downward; well pigmented, except for the light brown area of the gonostyle ventral margin. Claspette (Fig. 1 D) long, nearly reaching apex of gonocoxite; stem of claspette long, narrowing towards distal end; apical setae of claspette short and thick; claspette forked at base, internal branch of claspette joined to that of the opposite side, lateral branch of claspette articulated with base of gonocoxite. Proctiger (Fig. 1 D) long, wide at base, subtriangular and membranous, paraproct strongly sclerotized, 16 minute cercal setae, medial constriction at the level of the insertion of the tergite X. Paramere (Fig. 1 G): elongated, wide, narrowed, and curved distally; gonocoxal apodeme (Fig. 1 G) elongated, base widened and slightly rounded, external margin with angular projection facing outside, with an angle less than 90, that articulates with the base of the paramere, supporting around half the width of the base of the latter. Aedeagus (Fig. 1 H) short and thick, conspicuously swollen and less sclerotized at distal 0.5, basal more sclerotized than distal part.
Pupa. Chetotaxy as in Figure 1 A and B; setae single and simple, except 9-VII, VIII. Cephalothorax (Fig. 1 B): integument and setae light brown; respiratory trumpet brown (Fig. 1 C), trumpet index 8.5 (n =10), tracheoid area dark brown, extending along posterior surface to pinna; pinna light brown, curved laterally at distal part, with brown apical process adapted to perforate and fixes pupae to plant tissues. Metanotum and abdomen (Fig. 1 A): integument light brown. Abdomen (Fig. 1 A): dorsal setae strongly developed, ventral setae shorter; setae 1,5-II not extending beyond following segment; 6-III-VI extending beyond following segment; 2-I-VII, 3-I-VII and 6-I-VI present, 6-VII and 8-I absent, seta 9-I absent, 9-II-VII present, 10-I,II absent, 11-VII present. Paddle light brown, with serrated edges; paddle index 2.85 (n =10).
Fourth-instar larva. Chetotaxy as in Figure 2 A, B and F. Most setae strongly developed. Head (Fig. 2 A): moderately pigmented, except for the darkened collar and ocular region; length 0.98 ± 0.04 mm (n =10), width 1.52 ± 0.07 mm (n =10). Cephalic capsule distinctly wider than long; ocular region with conspicuous spikelike anterior projection; setae light colored except setae 1-C, which is dark brown, seta 7-C prominent, multibranched, strongly spiculate. Apex of antennal socket with long, smooth spine arising ventrolaterally. Antenna: light brown with short spicules, more prominent and dense dorsolaterally; apical flagellar appendix yellowish, slightly shorter than antenna, seta 1-A multibranched, dark brown, setae 2,3-A simple, slightly longer than last flagellomere. Thorax (Fig. 2 B): tubercles of thoracic setae light brown, integument without spicules, setae long and well pigmented, most setae long, flattened and multibranched. Abdomen (Fig. 2 B): as pigmented as thorax; setal tubercles moderately pigmented,; seta 1 II-V single, 6 I-VI single and multibranched, 11-II-VI double, sometimes triple. Segment VIII (Fig. 2 F) with 6 (5-7) comb scales, scales unequal in size; seta 3-VIII doubled; seta 5-VIII single. Siphon (Fig. 2 F): moderately pigmented, light brown, dark pigmented at apex and adapted to perforate and fix larva to plant tissues; siphon index 1.28 (n =10). Seta 1-S with four branches, rarely with five branches. Segment X (Fig. 2 F): saddle slightly longer than the siphon, saddle yellowish to beige in color, with strong spicules on dorsal surface, 2- 4 -X brown, strongly pigmented at base, 4-X comprising four pairs of flattened, strongly pigmented, multiple setae arising from a grid, four double setae inserted outside the grid.
Etymology. The name iguassuensis is derived from Iguau, the type locality of the new species.
Geographical distribution. Mansonia iguassuensis sp. nov. is known from the type-locality, Curitiba (25o25'04''S 49o14'30''W), Paraná, Brazil; São Paulo (23º33’45”S 46º41’15”W), São Paulo, Brazil; and Miranda (20º11’15”S 56º26’15”W), Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The geographical distribution is possibly underestimated because this species has been misidentified as Ma. titillans, Ma. indubitans Dyar & Shannon and Ma. wilsoni.
Bionomics. Immatures of Ma. iguassuensis sp. nov. are associated with the roots and leaves of the aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes. Adult females are aggressive blood feeders, with biting activity at sunset and throughout the night (Navarro-Silva et al, 2004; Tissot & Navarro-Silva, 2004). Mansonia iguassuensis were collected in a forest environment; however, the species is found in cities and nearby areas when favorable breeding habitats exist. In the Parque Regional do Iguaçu, where there is a large lake with floating vegetation, Ma. iguassuensis sp. nov. is a nuisance, biting throughout the day.
Medical importance. Nothing is known about the medical importance of Mansonia iguassuensis sp. nov.
Material examined. Mansonia iguassuensis. HOLOTYPE: adult male with associated larval and pupal exuviae and genitalia on a microscope slide, collected in Curitiba (25o25'04''S 49o14'30''W), state of Paran, BRAZIL, 12/X/ 2005, D.C. Calado coll. deposited in the Coleo Entomolgica Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure (accession number DZUP 160440). PARATYPES: 3 adult males with associated larval and pupae exuviae and genitalia on microscope slides, same data as the holotype (DZUP); 1 male and 2 females with associated larval and pupal exuviae and genitalia mounted on slides, same data as the holotype, deposited in Faculdade de Sade Pblica da Universidade de So Paulo (FSP-USP). OTHER MATERIAL: BRAZIL: So Paulo, So Paulo, Represa Billings, VII/ 1956,Crrea, F. & Ramalho, A. coll., 1 male with genitalia mounted on slide (FSP-USP). Mato Grosso do Sul: Miranda, Fazenda Guaicurus, 19/IX/2001, Koller, W.W. coll., 5 females (DZUP). Paran: Curitiba, Parque Regional do Iguau, 12/X/2005, D.C. Calado coll., 2 males with larval and pupae exuviae, 2 females with larval and pupae exuviae, 5 larval exuviae and entire pupae, 5 entire larvae (DZUP); Parque Regional do Iguau: 7/XII/2000, M. Chrestani et al. coll., 3 male genitalia mounted on slides (DZUP); Parque Regional do Iguau: 18/XII/2000, M. Chrestani et al. coll., 1 male genitalia mounted on slide (DZUP); Parque Regional do Iguau: 18/V/2001, M. Chrestani et al. coll., 1 male genitalia mounted on slide (DZUP). OTHER SPECIES EXAMINED: Mansonia wilsoni. PARATYPE, BRAZIL: So Paulo, So Paulo, 1941, Barreto, M.P. & Coutinho, J.O. coll, 1 male with genitalia mounted on slide (FSP-USP). Mansonia titillans, BRAZIL: Par, bidos, Ilha do Amador Ilha Grande, Paran do Capivara, Rio Amazonas, 29-30/X/2003, R.S.G. Hutchings et al. coll., 4 males with associated genitalia mounted on slides (INPA); Santarm: Paran de Ituavi, Rio Amazonas, 25-26/X/2003, R.S.G. Hutchings et al. coll., 1 male with associated genitalia mounted on slide (INPA); Amazonas: Manacapur, Paran do Cururu, Rio Solimes, 29-30/IX/2003, R.S.G. Hutchings et al. col., 3 males with associated genitalia mounted on slides (INPA).
description: Published as part of Barbosa, Andreia Aparecida, Silva, Mário Antônio Navarro Da & Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb, 2007, Mansonia (Mansonia) iguassuensis sp. nov. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Brasil, pp. 45-52 in Zootaxa 1527 on pages 46-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177595