cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Age attenuates the T‐type CaV3.2‐RyR axis in vascular smooth muscle
Creators: name: Fan, Gang
name: Kaßmann, Mario
name: Cui, Yingqiu
name: Matthaeus, Claudia
name: Kunz, Séverine
name: Zhong, Cheng
name: Zhu, Shuai
name: Xie, Yu
name: Tsvetkov, Dmitry
name: Daumke, Oliver
name: Huang, Yu
name: Gollasch, Maik
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: aging
subject: calcium sparks
subject: caveolae
subject: ryanodine receptors
subject: T-type calcium channels
subject: vascular smooth muscle
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Caveolae position CaV3.2 (T-type Ca2+ channel encoded by the α-3.2 subunit) sufficiently close to RyR (ryanodine receptors) for extracellular Ca2+ influx to trigger Ca2+ sparks and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel feedback in vascular smooth muscle. We hypothesize that this mechanism of Ca2+ spark generation is affected by age. Using smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from mouse mesenteric arteries, we found that both Cav3.2 channel inhibition by Ni2+ (50 µM) and caveolae disruption by methyl-ß-cyclodextrin or genetic abolition of Eps15 homology domain-containing protein (EHD2) inhibited Ca2+ sparks in cells from young (4 months) but not old (12 months) mice. In accordance, expression of Cav3.2 channel was higher in mesenteric arteries from young than old mice. Similar effects were observed for caveolae density. Using SMAKO Cav1.2−/− mice, caffeine (RyR activator) and thapsigargin (Ca2+ transport ATPase inhibitor), we found that sufficient SR Ca2+ load is a prerequisite for the CaV3.2-RyR axis to generate Ca2+ sparks. We identified a fraction of Ca2+ sparks in aged VSMCs, which is sensitive to the TRP channel blocker Gd3+ (100 µM), but insensitive to CaV1.2 and CaV3.2 channel blockade. Our data demonstrate that the VSMC CaV3.2-RyR axis is down-regulated by aging. This defective CaV3.2-RyR coupling is counterbalanced by a Gd3+ sensitive Ca2+ pathway providing compensatory Ca2+ influx for triggering Ca2+ sparks in aged VSMCs.
AdS_3/LCFT_2 - Correlators in New Massive Gravity
Creators: name: Grumiller, Daniel
name: Hohm, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate 2-point correlators for New Massive Gravity at the chiral point and find that they behave precisely as those of a logarithmic conformal field theory, which is characterized in addition to the central charges c_L = c_R = 0 by `new anomalies' b_L = b_R = -σ\frac{12\ell}{G_N}, where σis the sign of the Einstein-Hilbert term, \ell the AdS radius and G_N Newton's constant.
description: 10 pages, v2: incorrect statement in conclusions deleted, reference added, v3: version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
One-step methylation of aromatic phosphorus heterocycles: synthesis and crystallographic characterization of a 1-methyl-phosphininium salt
Creators: name: Fischer, Lukas
name: Wossidlo, Friedrich
name: Frost, Daniel
name: Coles, Nathan T.
name: Steinhauer, Simon
name: Riedel, Sebastian
name: Müller, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: one-step methylation
subject: aromatic phosphorus heterocycles
subject: 1-methyl-phosphininium salt
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: For the first time, the direct synthesis of 1-methyl-phosphininium salts has been achieved by reacting aromatic λ3,σ2-phosphinines with the readily available dimethyl chloronium salt [(CH3)2Cl]+[Al(OTeF5)4]−. The remarkably high electrophilicity of the alkylation reagent in combination with the weakly coordinating pentafluoro-orthotelluratoaluminate anion offers excellent conditions for this one-step approach. Our simple and quantitative access to 1-methyl-phosphininium salts will pave the way to explore the chemistry of such reactive species in more detail.
Too few spots in the cosmic microwave background
Creators: name: Ayaita, Youness
name: Weber, Maik
name: Wetterich, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the abundance of large-scale hot and cold spots in the WMAP-5 temperature maps and find considerable discrepancies compared to Gaussian simulations based on the LCDM best-fit model. Too few spots are present in the reliably observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) region, i.e., outside the foreground-contaminated parts excluded by the KQ75 mask. Even simulated maps created from the original WMAP-5 estimated multipoles contain more spots than visible in the measured CMB maps. A strong suppression of the lowest multipoles would lead to better agreement. The lack of spots is reflected in a low mean temperature fluctuation on scales of several degrees (4 to 8), which is only shared by less than 1% (0.16%-0.62%) of Gaussian LCDM simulations. After removing the quadrupole, the probabilities change to 2.5%-8.0%. This shows the importance of the anomalously low quadrupole for the statistical significance of the missing spots. We also analyze a possible violation of Gaussianity or statistical isotropy (spots are distributed differently outside and inside the masked region).
description: 12 pages; changes in the abstract, extended discussion of the quadrupole and the significances, minor clarifications, one added figure (behavior of typical simulations), one added reference
Intercellular coupling between peripheral circadian oscillators by TGF-β signaling
Creators: name: Finger, Anna-Marie
name: Jäschke, Sebastian
name: Olmo, Marta Del
name: Hurwitz, Robert
name: Granada, Adrián E.
name: Herzel, Hanspeter
name: Kramer, Achim
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: circadian oscillators
subject: TGF-ß
subject: circadian clock
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Coupling between cell-autonomous circadian oscillators is crucial to prevent desynchronization of cellular networks and disruption of circadian tissue functions. While neuronal oscillators within the mammalian central clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, couple intercellularly, coupling among peripheral oscillators is controversial and the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Using two- and three-dimensional mammalian culture models in vitro (mainly human U-2 OS cells) and ex vivo, we show that peripheral oscillators couple via paracrine pathways. We identify transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) as peripheral coupling factor that mediates paracrine phase adjustment of molecular clocks through transcriptional regulation of core-clock genes. Disruption of TGF-beta signaling causes desynchronization of oscillator networks resulting in reduced amplitude and increased sensitivity toward external zeitgebers. Our findings reveal an unknown mechanism for peripheral clock synchrony with implications for rhythmic organ functions and circadian health.
Additional file 1 of Effect of a culturally safe student placement on students’ understanding of, and confidence with, providing culturally safe podiatry care
Creators: name: West, Matthew
name: Sadler, Sean
name: Hawke, Fiona
name: Munteanu, Shannon E.
name: Chuter, Vivienne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Component correlation matrix.
Critical areas for sediment delivery to the Chubut River, Patagonia Argentina: geomorphological evidence from the Sagmata pilot basin
Creators: name: Bilmes, Andrés
name: Cuitiño, José
name: Bouza, Pablo
name: Scivetti, Nicolás
name: Rostagno, Mario
name: Pascual, Miguel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Sediment discharge events in the lower basin of the Chubut River (Patagonia, Argentina) associated with rainfall events generate serious problems for drinking water purification of more than 250,000 inhabitants and the support of livestock farming activity of about 42,000 ha in the region. Identifying the areas of potential sediment contribution to the Chubut River and the conditions necessary for erosion and sediment transfer is of vital importance to mitigate the negative impact of sediment discharge into the river and to establish water management plans. We conducted a detailed geomorphological study in a 110 km2 tributary watershed of the Chubut River (Sagmata pilot Basin), and identify potential sediment production zones. We based our analyzes on concomitant studies that indicate that the sediment remobilization is linked to the location of the drainage networks, especially in regions associated with badlands and erosional scarps formed on Paleogene continental deposits. A detailed geomorphological map in a 110 km2 pilot watershed was constructed, with a particular emphasis in identifying sediment production zones.Fine sediment contribution to the Chubut river is linked to badlands/erosion scarps units constituted by Paleogene deposits.Identifying areas of fine sediment supply is of vital importance to mitigate the negative impact of sediment discharge into the Chubut river and to establish water management plans. A detailed geomorphological map in a 110 km2 pilot watershed was constructed, with a particular emphasis in identifying sediment production zones. Fine sediment contribution to the Chubut river is linked to badlands/erosion scarps units constituted by Paleogene deposits. Identifying areas of fine sediment supply is of vital importance to mitigate the negative impact of sediment discharge into the Chubut river and to establish water management plans.
Self-Correcting Quantum Memory in a Thermal Environment
Creators: name: Chesi, Stefano
name: Röthlisberger, Beat
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to store information is of fundamental importance to any computer, be it classical or quantum. To identify systems for quantum memories which rely, analogously to classical memories, on passive error protection (`self-correction') is of greatest interest in quantum information science. While systems with topological ground states have been considered to be promising candidates, a large class of them was recently proven unstable against thermal fluctuations. Here, we propose two-dimensional (2D) spin models unaffected by this result. Specifically, we introduce repulsive long-range interactions in the toric code and establish a memory lifetime polynomially increasing with the system size. This remarkable stability is shown to originate directly from the repulsive long-range nature of the interactions. We study the time dynamics of the quantum memory in terms of diffusing anyons and support our analytical results with extensive numerical simulations. Our findings demonstrate that self-correcting quantum memories can exist in 2D at finite temperatures.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Development of a Novel Dorsal Incision Only Invagination Type Pancreatogastrostomy (Charité-PG) Following Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy—A Single Centre Experience
Creators: name: Timmermann, Lea
name: Bahra, Marcus
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Malinka, Thomas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: pancreatogastrostomy
subject: pancreato-enteric anastomosis
subject: pancreaticoduodenectomy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The implementation of a pancreatico-enteric anastomosis following open single stage pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still associated with the most threatening complications in modern pancreatic surgery, such as postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), intraabdominal abscesses and related mortality. With this study, we introduce Charite-PG, a new dorsal incision only invagination type pancreatogastrostomy (dioPG) for the restoration of the pancreatic remnant following PD, and compare it to a PG requiring ventral gastrotomy (vgPG). A total of 49 consecutive patients, who underwent reconstruction via dioPG, and 92 consecutive patients, who underwent restoration via vgPG, were identified from our prospective database and further reviewed for perioperative parameters, complication rates, mortality and follow-up. The percentage of overall complications (p = 0.301), as well as the 30-day mortality rate (p = 0.725) and survival (p = 0.543), were comparable in both groups. The operation time in the dioPG group was significantly shorter (p = 0.04), and patients in this group developed substantially fewer rates of DGE (p = 0.036). We provide a feasible and safe technique for restoration following PD via our novel dioPG, causing fewer cases of DGE. Nevertheless, pancreatico-enteric anastomoses require expertise and experience.
District Residency Programme in India
Creators: name: Dharmshaktu, Ganesh Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Rural clinical health
Health and community services
Health care administration
Primary health care
Rural and remote health services
Residential client care

description: The recently launched District Residency Programme (DRP) has been an ambitious and disruptive change in Indian postgraduate medical education. National Medical Commission (NMC) advocates community-centric objectives in the 3-month mandatory training of postgraduate medical students within their residency tenure. The understanding of problems at the community level and “working while serving” model, despite initial hiccups, is supposed to bring impactful changes in the future. A brief strength, weakness, opportunities, and threat (SWOT) analysis of this grand initiative is author’s personal perspective in this context. The initiative, although disturbing to the smooth flow of residency, may offer certain benefits. Looking it differently, from an undesirable assignment to an important learning module, is the way forward for an enriching experience.
Functional renormalization group study of the interacting resonant level model in and out of equilibrium
Creators: name: Karrasch, C.
name: Pletyukhov, M.
name: Borda, L.
name: Meden, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate equilibrium and steady-state non-equilibrium transport properties of a spinless resonant level locally coupled to two conduction bands of width ~Γvia a Coulomb interaction U and a hybridization t'. In order to study the effects of finite bias voltages beyond linear response, a generalization of the functional renormalization group to Keldysh frequency space is employed. Being mostly unexplored in the context of quantum impurity systems out of equilibrium, we benchmark this method against recently-published time-dependent density matrix renormalization group data. We thoroughly investigate the scaling limit Γ\to\infty characterized by the appearance of power laws. Most importantly, at the particle-hole symmetric point the steady-state current decays like J ~ V^{-α_J} as a function of the bias voltage V>>t', with an exponent α_J(U) that we calculate to leading order in the Coulomb interaction strength. In contrast, we do not observe a pure power-law (but more complex) current-voltage-relation if the energy εof the resonant level is pinned close to either one of the chemical potentials \pm V/2.
Graceful Trees: Statistics and Algorithms
Creators: name: Horton, M
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Graceful Tree Conjecture is a problem in graph theory that dates back to 1967. It suggests that every tree on n nodes can be labelled with the integers [1..n] such that the edges, when labelled with the difference between their endpoint node labels, are uniquely labelled with the integers [1..n-1]. To date, no proof or disproof of the conjecture has been found, but all trees with up to 28 vertices have been shown to be graceful. The conjecture also leads to a problem in algorithm design for efficiently finding graceful labellings for trees. In this thesis, a new graceful labelling algorithm is described and used to show that all trees on 29 vertices are graceful. A study is also made of statistical trends in the proportion of tree labellings that are graceful. These trends offer strong additional evidence that every tree is graceful.
Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides
Creators: name: Fittolani, Giulio
name: Tyrikos-Ergas, Theodore
name: Vargova, Denisa
name: Chaube, Manishkumar A.
name: Delbianco, Martina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: enzymes
subject: glycans
subject: polysaccharides
subject: synthesis
subject: well-defined polymers
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure–properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
Additional file 1 of Text classification models for the automatic detection of nonmedical prescription medication use from social media
Creators: name: Al-Garadi, Mohammed Ali
name: Yuan-Chi Yang
name: Haitao Cai
name: Yucheng Ruan
name: O’Connor, Karen
name: Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela
name: Jeanmarie Perrone
name: Abeed Sarker
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Categories, generic and brand names for medications included in the study. Table 2. Example Tweets for each of the four classes. Table 3. Hyper-parameters and other settings for the different classifiers.
The Computational and Educational Viability of Deploying Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Creators: name: Kildare, RA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis first presents a review of the literature that has been published on adaptive educational software. After briefly describing the evolution of these programs, the review covers the main educational and computational features of current systems. The next section of the thesis discusses the survey conducted in order to ascertain information about the performance of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. The results of this survey are used to inform the following section. After the survey, the thesis outlines a proposed architecture for the decentralised distribution of adaptive educational software and discusses the issues surrounding the architecture. The results from implementing this architecture follow in the next section. Conclusions and possible further research are presented last to complete the work. Key results and have been appended as well as a glossary of acronyms.
Maxwell-Chern-Simons Theory With Boundary
Creators: name: Blasi, A.
name: Maggiore, N.
name: Magnoli, N.
name: Storace, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) theory with planar boundary is considered. The boundary is introduced according to Symanzik's basic principles of locality and separability. A method of investigation is proposed, which, avoiding the straight computation of correlators, is appealing for situations where the computation of propagators, modified by the boundary, becomes quite complex. For MCS theory, the outcome is that a unique solution exists, in the form of chiral conserved currents, satisfying a Kac-Moody algebra, whose central charge does not depend on the Maxwell term.
description: 30 pages
Additional file 4 of CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in huntington’s disease
Creators: name: Yu, Dahyun
name: Zarate, Nicole
name: White, Angel
name: Coates, De’jah
name: Tsai, Wei
name: Nanclares, Carmen
name: Cuccu, Francesco
name: Yue, Johnny S.
name: Brown, Taylor G.
name: Mansky, Rachel H.
name: Jiang, Kevin
name: Kim, Hyuck
name: Nichols-Meade, Tessa
name: Larson, Sarah N.
name: Gundry, Katherine
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Tomas-Zapico, Cristina
name: Lucas, Jose J.
name: Benneyworth, Michael
name: Öz, Gülin
name: Cvetanovic, Marija
name: Araque, Alfonso
name: Gomez-Pastor, Rocio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. CK2α’ does not alter cognitive behavior in symptomatic HD mice. a, b, Freezing time in the cued (a) and contextual fear conditioning test (b). c-e, Performance on the Barnes maze (BM) task measured by latency to reach the escape hole (c), the mean distance from the target location (d), and total distance until escape in training sessions (e). f-h, Results of BM reversal test are similar to those in BM test, measured by latency to first entry (f), total distance traveled (g) and the mean distance from the target location (h). i, working memory, percent of spontaneous alternation measured by Y maze. Tests were conducted in 12 month old zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-).Error bars represent mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA with Sidak’s post-hoc test (n = 6 mice/genotype). n.s = not significant.
Wilsonian Renormalization of Noncommutative Scalar Field Theory
Creators: name: Gurau, Razvan
name: Rosten, Oliver J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drawing on analogies with the commutative case, the Wilsonian picture of renormalization is developed for noncommutative scalar field theory. The dimensionful noncommutativity parameter, theta, induces several new features. Fixed-points are replaced by `floating-points' (actions which are scale independent only up to appearances of theta written in cutoff units). Furthermore, it is found that one must use correctly normalized operators, with respect to a new scalar product, to define the right notion of relevance and irrelevance. In this framework it is straightforward and intuitive to reproduce the classification of operators found by Grosse & Wulkenhaar, around the Gaussian floating-point. The one-loop beta-function of their model is computed directly within the exact renormalization group, reproducing the previous result that it vanishes in the self-dual theory, in the limit of large cutoff. With the link between this methodology and earlier results made, it is discussed how the vanishing of the beta-function to all loops, as found by Disertori et al., should be interpreted in a Wilsonian framework.
description: 54pages; v2: published in JHEP - very minor changes
In-hospital Heart Rate Reduction With Beta Blockers and Ivabradine Early After Recovery in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduces Short-Term Mortality and Rehospitalization
Creators: name: Faragli, Alessandro
name: Tano, Giuseppe Di
name: Carlini, Caterina De
name: Nassiacos, Daniel
name: Gori, Mauro
name: Confortola, Giada
name: Lo Muzio, Francesco Paolo
name: Rapis, Konstantinos
name: Abawi, Dawud
name: Post, Heiner
name: Kelle, Sebastian
name: Pieske, Burkert
name: Alogna, Alessio
name: Campana, Carlo
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: heart failure
subject: observational study
subject: risk stratification
subject: therapy
subject: heart rate
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective: In the past years, heart rate (HR) has emerged as a highly relevant modifiable risk factor for heart failure (HF) patients. However, most of the clinical trials so far evaluated the role of HR in stable chronic HF cohorts. The aim of this multi-center, prospective observational study was to assess the association between HR and therapy with HR modulators (beta blockers, ivabradine, or a combination of ivabradine and beta blockers) at hospital discharge with patients' cardiovascular mortality and re-hospitalization at 6 months in acutely decompensated HF patients. Materials and Methods: We recruited 289 HF patients discharged alive after admission for HF decompensation from 10 centers in northern Italy over 9 months (from April 2017 to January 2018). The primary endpoint was the combination of cardiovascular mortality or re-hospitalizations for HF at 6 months. Results: At 6 months after discharge, 64 patients were readmitted (32%), and 39 patients died (16%). Multivariate analysis showed that HR at discharge >= 90 bpm (OR = 8.47; p = 0.016) independently predicted cardiovascular mortality, while therapy with beta blockers at discharge was found to reduce the risk of the composite endpoint. In patients receiving HR modulators the event rates for the composite endpoint, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality were lower than in patients not receiving HR modulators. Conclusions: Heart rate at discharge >90 bpm predicts cardiovascular mortality, while therapy with beta blockers is negatively associated with the composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization at 6 months in acutely decompensated HF patients. Patients receiving a HR modulation therapy at hospital discharge showed the lowest rate of cardiovascular mortality and re-hospitalization.
Pseudo Landau levels, negative strain resistivity, and enhanced thermopower in twisted graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Shi, Zheng
name: Lu, Hai-Zhou
name: Liu, Tianyu
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Landau levels
subject: Strain
subject: Transport phenomena
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: As a canonical response to the applied magnetic field, the electronic states of a metal are fundamentally reorganized into Landau levels. In Dirac metals, Landau levels can be expected without magnetic fields, provided that an inhomogeneous strain is applied to spatially modulate electron hoppings in a way similar to the Aharonov-Bohm phase. We here predict that a twisted zigzag nanoribbon of graphene exhibits strain-induced pseudo Landau levels of unexplored but analytically solvable dispersions at low energies. The presence of such dispersive pseudo Landau levels results in a negative strain resistivity characterizing the (1+1)-dimensional chiral anomaly if partially filled and can greatly enhance the thermopower when fully filled.
Telecommunication-wavelength solid-state memory at the single photon level
Creators: name: Lauritzen, Björn
name: Minář, Jiří
name: de Riedmatten, Hugues
name: Afzelius, Mikael
name: Sangouard, Nicolas
name: Simon, Christoph
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally the storage and retrieval of weak coherent light fields at telecommunication wavelengths in a solid. Light pulses at the single photon level are stored for a time up to 600 ns in an Erbium-doped Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal at 2.6 K and retrieved on demand. The memory is based on photon echoes with controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening, which is realized here for the first time at the single photon level. This is implemented with an external field gradient using the linear Stark effect. This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of a solid state quantum memory for single photons at telecommunication wavelengths, which would represent an important resource in quantum information science.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, revised version; changed title, abstract and text passages
Coalescing Idle Workstations as a Multiprocessor System using JavaSpaces and Java Web Start
Creators: name: Atkinson, AK
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Many of an organisation's workstations spend the majority of their time either unused or relatively idle. If the wasted processing capacity of these workstations could be aggregated, it could be used to provide processing for computationally intensive applications. This thesis presents the design, development and evaluation of a system which aims to meet this goal. There are two main parts to the system: a distributed environment to which users can submit jobs for execution, and a development framework which can be used to build distributed applications suitable for deployment on the system. The system is evaluated using two sample applications: the n-Queens problem, and a parallel sorting (shearsort) application.
Classifying and Predicting Surgical Complications After Laryngectomy: A Novel Approach to Diagnosing and Treating Patients
Creators: name: Koenen, Lukas
name: Arens, Philipp
name: Olze, Heidi
name: Dommerich, Steffen
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: total laryngectomy
subject: machine learning
subject: postoperative complications
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: Clavien-Dindo classification
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: The total laryngectomy is one of the most standardized major surgical procedures in otolaryngology. Several studies have proposed the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) as a solution to classifying postoperative complications into 5 grades from less severe to severe. Yet more data on classifying larger patient populations undergoing major otolaryngologic surgery according to the CDC are needed. Predicting postoperative complications in clinical practice is often subject to generalized clinical scoring systems with uncertain predictive abilities for otolaryngologic surgery. Machine learning offers methods to predict postoperative complications based on data obtained prior to surgery. Methods: We included all patients (N = 148) who underwent a total laryngectomy after diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma at our institution. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of multiple complex risk factors was performed, and patients were grouped into severe postoperative complications (CDC >= 4) and less severe complications. Four different commonly used machine learning algorithms were trained on the dataset. The best model was selected to predict postoperative complications on the complete dataset. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the most significant predictors for postoperative complications were the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and whether reconstruction was performed intraoperatively. A multivariate analysis showed that the CCI and reconstruction remained significant. The commonly used AdaBoost algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve with 0.77 with high positive and negative predictive values in subsequent analysis. Conclusions: This study shows that postoperative complications can be classified according to the CDC with the CCI being a useful screening tool to predict patients at risk for postoperative complications. We provide evidence that could help identify single patients at risk for complications and customize treatment accordingly which could finally lead to a custom approach for every patient. We also suggest that there is no increase in complications with patients of higher age.
Geology of Lanzarote's northern region (Canary Island, Spain)
Creators: name: Tomasi, Ilaria
name: Tonello, Matteo
name: Massironi, Matteo
name: Tesson, Pierre-Antoine
name: Sauro, Francesco
name: Meyzen, C. M.
name: Martìnez-Frìas, Jesús
name: Mederos, Elena Mateo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: This work presents a detailed volcano-geological map of the Northern region of Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain). This map is a synthesis of gathered and interpreted field data and geological maps. We have integrated information obtained from: (a) detailed geological field surveys, (b) high-resolution digital elevation models (DTMs), (c) aerial orthophotographs, (d) morphometric analysis of eruptive deposits and volcanic structure (i.e. lava tubes), and (e) integrated with data from previous publications (IGME – Instituto Geológico y Minero de España). This map provides a detailed view of the volcanic diversity of the region and an overview of the lava tube system of La Corona, both of which may be used as references for future research work.
Additional file 1 of Bedside monitoring of lung volume available for gas exchange
Creators: name: Tran, Minh C.
name: Crockett, Douglas C.
name: Cronin, John N.
name: Borges, João Batista
name: Hedenstierna, Göran
name: Larsson, Anders
name: Farmery, Andrew D.
name: Formenti, Federico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Lung volume (upper part) and its changes (lower part) in both the control animals and the saline lavage lung injury model. Table S2. Mean (standard deviation) of the replicated volume measurements in 9 animals. An additional 50 measurements were performed, but data were not analysed due to either PaO2
Maximal exercise and erythrocyte epoxy fatty acids: a lipidomics study
Creators: name: Gollasch, Benjamin
name: Wu, Guanlin
name: Dogan, Inci
name: Rothe, Michael
name: Gollasch, Maik
name: Luft, Friedrich C.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: eicosanoids
subject: Exercise
subject: lipidomics
subject: red blood cells
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Fatty acid (FA)-derived lipid products generated by cytochrome P450 (CYP), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) influence cardiovascular function. However, plasma measurements invariably ignore 40% of the blood specimen, namely the erythrocytes. These red blood cells (RBCs) represent a cell mass of about 3 kg. RBCs are a potential reservoir for epoxy fatty acids, which on release could regulate vascular capacity. We tested the hypothesis that maximal physical activity would influence the epoxy fatty acid status in RBCs. We used a standardized maximal treadmill exercise according to Bruce to ensure a robust hemodynamic and metabolic response. Central hemodynamic monitoring was performed using blood pressure and heart rate measurements and maximal workload was assessed in metabolic equivalents (METs). We used tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure epoxides derived from CYP monooxygenase, as well as metabolites derived from LOX, COX, and CYP hydroxylase pathways. Venous blood was obtained for RBC lipidomics. With the incremental exercise test, increases in the levels of various CYP epoxy-mediators in RBCs, including epoxyoctadecenoic acids (9,10-EpOME, 12,13-EpOME), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (5,6-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET), and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (16,17-EDP, 19,20-EDP) occurred, as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and plasma lactate concentrations increased. Maximal (13.5 METs) exercise intensity had no effect on diols and various LOX, COX, and hydroxylase mediators. Our findings suggest that CYP epoxy-metabolites could contribute to the cardiovascular response to maximal exercise.
Additional file 3 of Lack of drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia for auditory fear memories in rats
Creators: name: Luyten, Laura
name: Schnell, Anna Elisabeth
name: Schroyens, Natalie
name: Beckers, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Contains an extra experiment that was performed prior to and for the selection of the behavioral procedure for Experiment 7.
Spherical collapse in quintessence models with zero speed of sound
Creators: name: Creminelli, Paolo
name: D'Amico, Guido
name: Noreña, Jorge
name: Senatore, Leonardo
name: Vernizzi, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spherical collapse model in the presence of quintessence with negligible speed of sound. This case is particularly motivated for w
description: 38 pages; small changes, including modification of the window function. JCAP published version
title: Aflatoxin B1 Metabolism in Mammalian Pulmonary Tissue
Creators: name: Eichelberger, J. Michael
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent dietary hepatocarcinogen and may be a lung carcinogen when inhaled. To study the relative ability of lung and liver to metabolize AFB1, a susceptible (Swiss-Webster rat) and resistant species (Syrian golden hamster) were pretreated with inducing agents in order to identify specific AFB1 metabolizing enzymes in each tissue.
Analysis of AFB1-exo-epoxide (AFBO) formation, O-dealkynation assays, and protein immunoblots demonstrated that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A proteins were overexpressed in both the lung and liver of hamsters pretreated with 3-methylchyolanthrene (3-MC). Only CYP1A1 was expressed in the lung and there was no indication that this protein was involved in AFB1 activation. CYP1A2, on the other hand, was induced in the liver and this correlated well with both increasing protein activity and AFBO formation. It would appear that CYP1A2 is important in activating AFB1 in hamster liver.
Although the hamster is resistant as compared to the rat, AFBO formation was higher in both the lung and liver of the hamster compared to the rat. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) Yc subunits were detected in the lung and liver of both species but were not induced by the inducing agents used in these experiments.
Following intratracheal injections of [3H]AFB1, in the rat, specific activity was localized in the liver. Only a fraction of the activity was detected in the lung. Of four inducing agents used, only pretratment with phenobarbital (PB) showed increased AFB1-DNA binding in either lung or liver. This correlated with increased CYP2B1 protein levels in both lung and liver, as well as increased CYP2B1 activity and AFBO formation in the liver.
Cooxidation of AFB1 by purified prostaglandin H-synthase was shown to produce AFBO but microsomal fractions from rabbit lung and liver failed to show detectable levels of AFBO formation by this cooxidative pathway. Neither purified 5-lipoxygenase or cytosolic fractions from rabbit lung or liver showed detectable levels of LOX mediated cooxidation of AFB1 to AFBO.
These studies demonstrate that hamster resembles the human in regard to AFB1 activation in the liver, but that a different as yet unknown enzyme is responsible for hamster lung AFB1 activation. Further evidence that the rat is a poor model for human AFB1 metabolism was demonstrated with the fact that rat activates AFB1 with CYP2B1, a protein unknown in humans.
EOSC Secretariat D5.1 Business Models Activity Report
Creators: name: Jones, Bob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: EOSC
EOSC Secretariat
European Open Science Cloud
business model
FAIR principles
FAIR data
interoperability
data interoperability

description: This document describes the business model related activities performed under work package 5 of the EOSCsecretariat project during the first reporting period (months 1 to 12). It includes material prepared and gathered by the partners, details of interactions with the EOSC Sustainability Working Group, other projects as well as the private sector to advance the understanding and identification of business models in the context of EOSC.
Additional file 1 of Introduction and feeding practices of solid food in preterm infants born in Salzburg!
Creators: name: Hofstätter, Edda
name: Köttstorfer, Verena
name: Stroicz, Patricia
name: Schütz, Sebastian
name: Auer-Hackenberg, Lorenz
name: Brandner, Johannes
name: Wald, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
title: Protein Production in the Milk of Genetically Engineered Animals
Creators: name: Bates, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1998

description: There are numerous proteins that have potential uses in commercial and scientific applications that are not utilized to their full potential. this is partly because it is not economically feasible to isolate some of these proteins from their natural sources or to produce them using bacterial fermentation methods. The purpose of this research was to target recombinant protein expression to the mammary glands of genetically engineered or transgenic animals. Foreign protein expression has been achieved in the mammary glands of rabbits, sheep, cows, and swine. By using a strong mammary gland promoter and signal peptide fused to the protein, it was hypothesized at the beginning of the study that the two proteins of this study would be secreted into the milk.
To test this approach for protein production, expression vectors for two different plant proteins were made. The proteins targeted for expression were thaumatin and brazzein, proteins that have sweetener or flavor altering properties. The regulatory portion of the expression vector used exons and introns from the milk β-casein gene. Four and a half kilobases of the 5' region of the bovine β-casein gene was isolated, which contained the promoter sequence and other regulatory sequences for gene expression in mammary tissue. A size of 2.2 kilobases of the 3' region of the β-casein gene contained further regulatory sequences as well as a polyadenylation signal. The gene sequence for the protein was modified by using codons commonly used for casein and was generated using synthetic oligonucleotides. Additionally, the signal peptide from the alpha S-1 casein gene was used to transport the protein into the mammary milk vesicle. The DNA expression vectors were subsequently injected into murine and caprine embryos for the production of transgenic animals. Transgenic mice and a goat were identified that contained the thaumatin transgene. Preliminary analysis of mouse milk by capillary gel electrophloresis indicated the expression of thaumatin protein. This protein expression system is intended to utilize large dairy animals as bioreactors for efficient, non-toxic protein production with a view to being applied to different proteins as the technology advances.
Stringy instanton corrections to N=2 gauge couplings
Creators: name: Billo', Marco
name: Frau, Marialuisa
name: Fucito, Francesco
name: Lerda, Alberto
name: Morales, Jose F.
name: Poghossian, Rubik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a string model where a conformal four-dimensional N=2 gauge theory receives corrections to its gauge kinetic functions from "stringy" instantons. These contributions are explicitly evaluated by exploiting the localization properties of the integral over the stringy instanton moduli space. The model we consider corresponds to a setup with D7/D3-branes in type I' theory compactified on T4/Z2 x T2, and possesses a perturbatively computable heterotic dual. In the heteoric side the corrections to the quadratic gauge couplings are provided by a 1-loop threshold computation and, under the duality map, match precisely the first few stringy instanton effects in the type I' setup. This agreement represents a very non-trivial test of our approach to the exotic instanton calculus.
description: 63 pages, 5 figures. V2: final version with minor corrections published on JHEP05(2010)107
Development of an Illumination Identification System for the AIBO Robot
Creators: name: Zehmeister, MS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Four Legged League is a division of the RoboCup initiative that uses Sony AIBO robots to further robotics research. Most participants implement vision systems that use the colour of objects to perform identification. Calibration of the colour classification system must be done manually and any changes to the lighting of the environment after calibration reduces the accuracy of the system, often to a point at which the robot is effectively blind. This study investigates the relationships in the colour data of image pixels between different lighting conditions in an effort to identify trends that can be used as the basis of a rule-based system. The aim of the system is to identify the current lighting level as one of a set of known conditions. The proposed system uses the colour data of image pixels and information about the AIBO's location and orientation to identify lighting levels, allowing a vision system to switch to an appropriate pre-cofigured calibration.
Depends on how you count them: the value of general propensity choropleth maps for visualising databases of protest incidents
Creators: name: Bekker, Martin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Public protest represents an important sanction on rulers and institutions. Protest is a quotidian phenomenon in South Africa; perhaps the defining element of post-apartheid political life. Geographic representations of protest abound – typically dot distribution maps – but these merely confirm that more protests occur where there are more people. Visualisations of protest per capita and protestors per capita (or ‘general propensity’), which are best rendered as choropleth maps, are well-placed to overcome this limitation. The South African Police Services' database of protest is the largest publicly-available single-country protest event database. Having used machine learning to classify 89,000 protest events, I locate each within one of the country's 234 municipalities, and depict these events using counts, count per capita, and the general propensity. This reveals a proportionally high number of rural protests, and that municipalities hosting major industries, along with provincial seats of government, present the highest propensity for protest.