cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vector fields and admissible embeddings for quiver moduli
Creators: name: Belmans, Pieter
name: Brecan, Ana-Maria
name: Franzen, Hans
name: Reineke, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a double framing construction for moduli spaces of quiver representations. It allows us to reduce certain sheaf cohomology computations involving the universal representation, to computations involving line bundles, making them amenable to methods from geometric invariant theory. We will use this to show that in many good situations the vector fields on the moduli space are isomorphic as a vector space to the first Hochschild cohomology of the path algebra. We also show that considering the universal representation as a Fourier-Mukai kernel in the appropriate sense gives an admissible embedding of derived categories.
description: v2: added references, 23 pages, all comments welcome
Design factors influencing pedestrian movement patterns in enclosed shopping malls
Creators: name: Elgalali, Ossama Ahmed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This empirical study is based on a broad premise of relationship between human behavior pattern and the elements of the environment. Despite developments in architectural psychology and in studies of human spatial behavior there is still a lack of data and information on factors of design which most influence the users in enclosed shopping malls. The study took the form of an empirical investigation of pedestrian movement pattern in three enclosed shopping malls in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, namely, Harbour, Royal and Pacific Centre Malls. The objective of the study was to record and compare the human behavior pattern in the three study areas and to make a correlational analysis between this behavior pattern and the elements of the environment such as the floor materials, the spatial characteristics of storefronts, the mall layouts and store locations in order to test whether or not any such correlation of sufficient relevance exists. The method, employed is this study, for data gathering on pedestrian movement behavior is called "tracking". By tracking a sample of typical users of the three enclosed shopping malls it has been possible to obtain a composite pattern of pedestrian movement in terms of channel of movement, stopping and entering stores, velocity and head movement. The hypotheses regarding the factors that influence pedestrian movement were supported by the correlational analysis. The summary of findings were that: 1. The softer the floor covering material in the mall, the slower the pedestrians walk. 2. The greater the storefront length, the more likely that the pedestrians stop and enter, but the less time they spend at the storefront. 3. The greater the number of angles of storefront articulation, the more likely that the pedestrians stop, spend more time at the storefront and enter the store. 4. Seats at the storefront whether occupied or not do not have any statistically significant effect on the frequency of stopping, duration of stopping and frequency of entering. 5. The greater the total number of angles of storefront articulation per foot, the more likely that the pedestrians deccelerate, stop, spend more time at the storefront and enter the store. 6. The greater the number of changes in route direction, the more likely that the pedestrians deccelerate. 7. Stores at corner location do not have any statistically significant effect on the frequency of stopping and entering. 8. The closer the store is located to the mall entrance the more likely that the pedestrians stop and enter. 9. Pedestrians prefer walking on soft surfaces rather than hard surfaces. 10. There is a preference of movement in the mall for the channels which do not provide any visual breaks. 11. Pedestrian movement gravitates towards the central area of the mall.
Outflows in the presence of cosmic rays and waves with cooling
Creators: name: Ko, C. M.
name: Ramzan, B.
name: Chernyshov, D. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Accepted in A&A

description: Plasma outflow from a gravitational potential well with cosmic rays and self-excited Alfvén waves with cooling and wave damping is studied in the hydrodynamics regime. We study outflows in the presence of cosmic ray and Alfvén waves including the effect of cooling and wave damping. We seek physically allowable steady-state subsonic-supersonic transonic solutions. We adopted a multi-fluid hydrodynamical model for the cosmic ray plasma system. Thermal plasma, cosmic rays, and self-excited Alfvén waves are treated as fluids. Interactions such as cosmic-ray streaming instability, cooling, and wave damping were fully taken into account. We considered one-dimensional geometry and explored steady-state solutions. The model is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations, which we solved for subsonic-supersonic transonic solutions with given boundary conditions at the base of the gravitational potential well. We find that physically allowable subsonic-supersonic transonic solutions exist for a wide range of parameters. We studied the three-fluid system (considering only forward-propagating Alfvén waves) in detail. We examined the cases with and without cosmic ray diffusion separately. Comparisons of solutions with and without cooling and with and without wave damping for the same set of boundary conditions (on density, pressures of thermal gas, cosmic rays and waves) are presented. We also present the interesting case of a four-fluid system (both forward- and backward-propagating Alfvén waves are included), highlighting the intriguing relation between different components.
description: Outflows --Hydrodynamics-- Cosmic rays -- Alfv\'en waves-- Cooling --Wave Damping
Black objects in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory with negative cosmological constant and the boundary counterterm method
Creators: name: Brihaye, Yves
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to compute the action and global charges of the asymptotically anti-de Sitter solutions in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory by adding boundary counterterms to the gravitational action. The general expression of the counterterms and the boundary stress tensor is presented for spacetimes of dimension $d\leq 9$. We apply this tehnique for several different types of black objects. Apart from static and rotating black holes, we consider also Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black string solutions with negative cosmological constant.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, references added, discussion extended
Crossover scaling functions in the asymmetric avalanche process
Creators: name: Trofimova, Anastasiia A.
name: Povolotsky, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the particle current in the asymmetric avalanche process on a ring. It is known to exhibit a transition from the intermittent to continuous flow at the critical density of particles. The exact expressions for the first two scaled cumulants of the particle current are obtained in the large time limit $t\to\infty$ via the Bethe ansatz and a perturbative solution of the TQ-equation. The results are presented in an integral form suitable for the asymptotic analysis in the large system size limit $N\to\infty$. In this limit the first cumulant, the average current per site or the average velocity of the associated interface, is asymptotically finite below the critical density and grows linearly and exponentially times power law prefactor at the critical density and above, respectively. The scaled second cumulant per site, i.e. the diffusion coefficient or the scaled variance of the associated interface height, shows the $O(N^{-1/2})$ decay expected for models in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class below the critical density, while it is growing as $O(N^{3/2})$ and exponentially times power law prefactor at the critical point and above. Also, we identify the crossover regime and obtain the scaling functions for the uniform asymptotics unifying the three regimes. These functions are compared to the scaling functions describing crossover of the cumulants of the avalanche size, obtained as statistics of the first return area under the time space trajectory of the Vasicek random process.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Dangling-bond charge qubit on a silicon surface
Creators: name: Livadaru, Lucian
name: Xue, Peng
name: Shaterzadeh-Yazdi, Zahra
name: DiLabio, Gino A.
name: Mutus, Josh
name: Pitters, Jason L.
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Wolkow, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two closely spaced dangling bonds positioned on a silicon surface and sharing an excess electron are revealed to be a strong candidate for a charge qubit. Based on our study of the coherent dynamics of this qubit, its extremely high tunneling rate ~ 10^14 1/s greatly exceeds the expected decoherence rates for a silicon-based system, thereby overcoming a critical obstacle of charge qubit quantum computing. We investigate possible configurations of dangling bond qubits for quantum computing devices. A first-order analysis of coherent dynamics of dangling bonds shows promise in this respect.
description: 17 pages, 3 EPS figures, 1 table
The evolution of the specific star formation rate of massive galaxies to z ~ 1.8 in the E-CDFS
Creators: name: Damen, Maaike
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Franx, Marijn
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Taylor, Edward N.
name: Gawiser, Eric J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) of mid-infrared (IR) selected galaxies in the extended Chandra Deep Field South (E-CDFS). We use a combination of U-K GaBoDS and MUSYC data, deep IRAC observations from SIMPLE, and deep MIPS data from FIDEL. This unique multi-wavelength data set allows us to investigate the SFR history of massive galaxies out to redshift z ~ 1.8. We determine star formation rates using both the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity from young, hot stars and the total IR luminosity of obscured star formation obtained from the MIPS 24 um flux. We find that at all redshifts the galaxies with higher masses have substantially lower specific star formation rates than lower mass galaxies. The average specific star formation rates increase with redshift, and the rate of incline is similar for all galaxies (roughly (1+z)^{n}, n = 5.0 +/- 0.4). It does not seem to be a strong function of galaxy mass. Using a subsample of galaxies with masses M_*> 10^11 M_sun, we measured the fraction of galaxies whose star formation is quenched. We consider a galaxy to be in quiescent mode when its specific star formation rate does not exceed 1/(3 x t_H), where t_H is the Hubble time. The fraction of quiescent galaxies defined as such decreases with redshift out to z ~ 1.8. We find that, at that redshift, 19 +/-9 % of the M_* > 10^11 M_sun sources would be considered quiescent according to our criterion.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The local geometry of idempotent Schur multipliers
Creators: name: Parcet, Javier
name: de la Salle, Mikael
name: Tablate, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A Schur multiplier is a linear map on matrices which acts on its entries by multiplication with some function, called the symbol. We consider idempotent Schur multipliers, whose symbols are indicator functions of smooth Euclidean domains. Given $1
description: 21 pages; v2: many small changes in the presentation
Data-Driven Abductive Inference of Library Specifications
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhe
name: Dickerson, Robert
name: Delaware, Benjamin
name: Jagannathan, Suresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Programmers often leverage data structure libraries that provide useful and reusable abstractions. Modular verification of programs that make use of these libraries naturally rely on specifications that capture important properties about how the library expects these data structures to be accessed and manipulated. However, these specifications are often missing or incomplete, making it hard for clients to be confident they are using the library safely. When library source code is also unavailable, as is often the case, the challenge to infer meaningful specifications is further exacerbated. In this paper, we present a novel data-driven abductive inference mechanism that infers specifications for library methods sufficient to enable verification of the library's clients. Our technique combines a data-driven learning-based framework to postulate candidate specifications, along with SMT-provided counterexamples to refine these candidates, taking special care to prevent generating specifications that overfit to sampled tests. The resulting specifications form a minimal set of requirements on the behavior of library implementations that ensures safety of a particular client program. Our solution thus provides a new multi-abduction procedure for precise specification inference of data structure libraries guided by client-side verification tasks. Experimental results on a wide range of realistic OCaml data structure programs demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
On the Computational Hardness of Quantum One-Wayness
Creators: name: Cavalar, Bruno
name: Goldin, Eli
name: Gray, Matthew
name: Hall, Peter
name: Liu, Yanyi
name: Pelecanos, Angelos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a large body of work studying what forms of computational hardness are needed to realize classical cryptography. In particular, one-way functions and pseudorandom generators can be built from each other, and thus require equivalent computational assumptions to be realized. Furthermore, the existence of either of these primitives implies that $\rm{P} \neq \rm{NP}$, which gives a lower bound on the necessary hardness.
 One can also define versions of each of these primitives with quantum output: respectively one-way state generators and pseudorandom state generators. Unlike in the classical setting, it is not known whether either primitive can be built from the other. Although it has been shown that pseudorandom state generators for certain parameter regimes can be used to build one-way state generators, the implication has not been previously known in full generality. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, the existence of one-way state generators has no known implications in complexity theory.
 We show that pseudorandom states compressing $n$ bits to $\log n + 1$ qubits can be used to build one-way state generators and pseudorandom states compressing $n$ bits to $ω(\log n)$ qubits are one-way state generators. This is a nearly optimal result since pseudorandom states with fewer than $c \log n$-qubit output can be shown to exist unconditionally. We also show that any one-way state generator can be broken by a quantum algorithm with classical access to a $\rm{PP}$ oracle.
 An interesting implication of our results is that a $t(n)$-copy one-way state generator exists unconditionally, for every $t(n) = o(n/\log n)$. This contrasts nicely with the previously known fact that $O(n)$-copy one-way state generators require computational hardness. We also outline a new route towards a black-box separation between one-way state generators and quantum bit commitments.
description: Journal version
Dome structure in pressure dependence of superconducting transition temperature for HgBa$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_8$ -- Studies by $ab$ $initio$ low-energy effective Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Morée, Jean-Baptiste
name: Yamaji, Youhei
name: Imada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting (SC) cuprate HgBa$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_8$ (Hg1223) has the highest $T_{c}^{\rm opt}\simeq 138$ K (the experimental SC transition temperature at optimal hole doping) among cuprates at ambient pressure $P_{\rm amb}$. $T_{c}^{\rm opt}$ increases under pressure $P$ and reaches $164$ K at $P_{\rm opt}\simeq 30$ GPa, then decreases with increasing $P>P_{\rm opt}$. To understand the microscopic origin of this dome-like $P$ dependence of $T_{c}^{\rm opt}$, we consider the $ab$ $initio$ low-energy effective Hamiltonian (LEH) for the antibonding (AB) Cu$3d_{x^2-y^2}$/O$2p_σ$ band. In the AB LEH for cuprates with $N_\ell \leq 2$ laminated CuO$_2$ planes between block layers, it was proposed that $T_{c}^{\rm opt}\simeq 0.16|t_1|F_{\rm SC}$, where $t_1$ is the nearest neighbor hopping and the SC order parameter $F_{\rm SC}$ at optimal hole doping mainly depends on $u=U/|t_1|$ ($U$ is the onsite effective Coulomb repulsion): $F_{\rm SC}$ is maximal at $u_{\rm opt}\simeq 8.5$ and decreases sharply with decreasing $u$ for $uP_{\rm opt}$, the decrease in $T_{c}^{\rm opt}$ is accounted for by (II): The rapid decrease in $F_{\rm SC}$ with decreasing $u$ for $u
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables. The Supplemental Material contains the complete list of parameters for selected effective Hamiltonians that are presented in the main text and in Appendix C. This Supplemental Material may be obtained from the authors upon request
Perturbation estimates for order-one strong approximations of SDEs without globally monotone coefficients
Creators: name: Dai, Lei
name: Wang, Xiaojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H35, 65C30

description: To obtain strong convergence rates of numerical schemes, an overwhelming majority of existing works impose a global monotonicity condition on coefficients of SDEs. Nevertheless, there are still many SDEs from applications that do not have globally monotone coefficients. As a recent breakthrough, the authors of [Hutzenthaler, Jentzen, Ann. Probab., 2020] originally presented a perturbation theory for stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which is crucial to recovering strong convergence rates of numerical schemes in a non-globally monotone setting. However, only a convergence rate of order 1/2 was obtained there for time-stepping schemes such as a stopped increment-tamed Euler-Maruyama (SITEM) method. An interesting question arises, also raised by the aforementioned work, as to whether a higher convergence rate than 1/2 can be obtained when higher order schemes are used. The present work attempts to give a positive answer to this question. To this end, we develop some new perturbation estimates that are able to reveal the order-one strong convergence of numerical methods. As the first application of the newly developed estimates, we identify the expected order-one pathwise uniformly strong convergence of the SITEM method for additive noise driven SDEs and multiplicative noise driven second order SDEs with non-globally monotone coefficients. As the other application, we propose and analyze a positivity preserving explicit Milstein-type method for Lotka-Volterra competition model driven by multi-dimensional noise, with a pathwise uniformly strong convergence rate of order one recovered under mild assumptions. These obtained results are completely new and significantly improve the existing theory. Numerical experiments are also provided to confirm the theoretical findings.
description: 40 pages, 11 figures, to appear in IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 2025
Elasto-Raman scattering: arsenic optical phonon as a probe of nematicity in BaFe$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Philippe, J. -C.
name: Faria, J.
name: Forget, A.
name: Colson, D.
name: Houver, S.
name: Cazayous, M.
name: Sacuto, A.
name: Gallais, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a Raman scattering study of nematic degrees of freedom in the iron-based superconductor parent compound BaFe$_2$As$_2$ under tunable uniaxial strain. We demonstrate that the polarization resolved arsenic (As) phonon intensity can be used to monitor the nematic order parameter as a function of both temperature and strain. At low temperature in the nematic ordered phase we use it to track the continuous and reversible orientation of nematic domains under variable strain. At higher temperature, the evolution of the As phonon intensity under strain reflects an enhanced nematic susceptibility close to the nematic transition $T_S$. Its temperature dependence under strong strain follows qualitatively the expected behavior of an Ising order parameter under a symmetry breaking field. Our elasto-Raman study illustrates the interest of combining selective anisotropic strain with a symmetry resolved probe like Raman scattering. Elasto-Raman scattering can be applied to a wide variety of quantum materials where uniaxial strain tunes electronic orders.
description: 14 pages (including appendix), 11 figures
title: Das Renin-Angiotensin-System der humanen Bandscheibe
Creators: name: Wystrach, Laura Wanda
Publisher: name: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Year: 2020

description: Rückenschmerzen betreffen weltweit über 600 Millionen Menschen und haben eine Lebenszeitprävalenz von bis zu 80 % (55, 75, 128). Eine wichtige Ursache von Rückenschmerzen ist die symptomatische Bandscheibendegeneration (52, 82), welche durch mechanische Belastung, Infektion, Trauma, Entzündung oder genetische Prädisposition ausgelöst werden kann (66, 159). Die Degeneration der Bandscheibe (IVD) ist gekennzeichnet durch einen beschleunigten Katabolismus der extrazellulären Matrix (EZM), die Freisetzung proinflammatorischer Zytokine, eine pathologisch veränderte Biomechanik, einen degenerativen Umbau von Knochen- und Knorpelgewebe, sowie Neoangiogenese und Neoinnervation, die zu verstärkter Schmerzsymptomatik führen können (5, 66, 98, 166). Aufgrund ihrer Anatomie besitzt die IVD, die aus dem gallertigen Nucleus pulposus, dem umliegenden Faserknorpelring, Anulus fibrosus, sowie den kranial und kaudal begrenzenden Endplatten besteht, nur eine eingeschränkte Regenerationsfähigkeit. Die adulte IVD ist fast avaskulär und aneural (78). Der Nährstoffaustausch und die Sauerstoffversorgung erfolgen größtenteils über Diffusion durch die Endplatte. Wird dieses sensible Gleichgewicht chronisch durch z.B. pathologische Belastung oder akut z.B. durch ein Trauma gestört, kann es zu irreversiblen Schäden kommen, die letztlich zu chronischen Rückenschmerzen führen (66). Obwohl Rückenschmerzen eine erhebliche Ursache für Morbidität darstellen, sind die bisherigen therapeutischen Möglichkeiten des diskogenen Schmerzes begrenzt (75). Eine kausale Therapie der symptomatischen Bandscheibendegeneration existiert bis dato nicht und operative Verfahren führen häufig zu unbefriedigenden Ergebnissen (4, 120, 125, 156). Um die Versorgung betroffener Patienten zu verbessern, werden aktuell neue Therapieansätze untersucht, zum Beispiel molekularbiologische Ansätze, welche die zugrundeliegende Entzündungsreaktion der Bandscheibendegeneration adressieren. 1 Das Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) ist bekannt für seine Funktion in der Volumen- und Kreislaufregulation. Neben den kardiovaskulären Effekten des RAS, wurde das lokal wirkende Gewebe-Renin-Angiotensin-System (tRAS), entdeckt. Der Haupteffektor des tRAS, AngiotensinII, partizipiert auch in Signalwegen, die zu einer Entzündung und/oder Fibrosierung von Gewebe führen (95, 135, 171). tRAS wurde bereits in weiteren Geweben identifiziert, wie im Fettgewebe, dem Gehirn, in Blutzellen, sowie in Gelenken und der IVD der Ratte (135, 152, 161, 201) – in der humanen IVD wurde es bislang nicht identifiziert. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Existenz des tRAS in der humanen IVD und dessen Wirkung auf die Inflammation und Degeneration der IVD sowie den Zusammenhang mit klinischen Parametern zu untersuchen.
Interpreting Helioseismic Structure Inversion Results of Solar Active Regions
Creators: name: Lin, Chia-Hsien
name: Basu, Sarbani
name: Li, Linghuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helioseismic techniques such as ring-diagram analysis have often been used to determine the subsurface structural differences between solar active and quiet regions. Results obtained by inverting the frequency differences between the regions are usually interpreted as the sound-speed differences between them. These in turn are used as a measure of temperature and magnetic-field strength differences between the two regions. In this paper we first show that the "sound-speed" difference obtained from inversions is actually a combination of sound-speed difference and a magnetic component. Hence, the inversion result is not directly related to the thermal structure. Next, using solar models that include magnetic fields, we develop a formulation to use the inversion results to infer the differences in the magnetic and thermal structures between active and quiet regions. We then apply our technique to existing structure inversion results for different pairs of active and quiet regions. We find that the effect of magnetic fields is strongest in a shallow region above 0.985R_sun and that the strengths of magnetic-field effects at the surface and in the deeper (r < 0.98R_sun) layers are inversely related, i.e., the stronger the surface magnetic field the smaller the magnetic effects in the deeper layers, and vice versa. We also find that the magnetic effects in the deeper layers are the strongest in the quiet regions, consistent with the fact that these are basically regions with weakest magnetic fields at the surface. Because the quiet regions were selected to precede or follow their companion active regions, the results could have implications about the evolution of magnetic fields under active regions.
description: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Observation of a stronger-than-adiabatic change of light trapped in an ultrafast switched GaAs-AlAs microcavity
Creators: name: Harding, Philip J.
name: Bakker, Huib J.
name: Hartsuiker, Alex
name: Claudon, Julien
name: Mosk, Allard P.
name: Gerard, Jean-Michel
name: Vos, Willem L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time-resolved reflectivity spectrum of a switched planar GaAs-AlAs microcavity. Between 5 and 40 ps after the switching (pump) pulse we observe a strong excess probe reflectivity and a change of the frequency of light trapped in the cavity up to 5 linewidths away from the cavity resonance. This frequency change does not adiabatically follow the fast-changing cavity resonance. The frequency change is attributed to an accumulated phase change due to the time-dependent refractive index. An analytical model predicts dynamics in qualitative agreement with the experiments, and points to crucial parameters that control future applications.
description: Discussed effect of probe bandwidth. Included functional forms of n(z) and R(z)
Effects of dust particles charged by inelastic collisions and by photoionization on Alfvén waves in a stellar wind
Creators: name: De Toni, L. B.
name: Gaelzer, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a kinetic description of a homogeneous magnetized dusty plasma with Maxwellian distribution of electrons and protons and dust particles charged by inelastic collisions and by photoionization, we analyse the dispersion relation considering the case where waves and radiation propagate exactly parallel to the ambient magnetic field. The investigation emphasizes the changes that the photoionization process brings to the propagation and damping of the waves in a stellar wind environment, since Alfvén waves are believed to play a significant role in the heating and acceleration processes that take place in the wind. The results show that, in the presence of dust with negative equilibrium electrical charge, the Alfvén mode decouples into the whistler and ion cyclotron modes for all values of wavenumber, but when dust particles acquire neutral or positive values of electrical charge, these modes may couple for certain values of wavenumber. It is also seen that the whistler and ion cyclotron modes present null group velocity in a interval of small wavenumber, and that the maximum value of wavenumber for which the waves are non-propagating is reduced in the presence of the photoionization process. For very small values of wavenumber, the damping rates of the modes could change significantly from very small to very high values if the sign of the dust electrical charge is changed.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2021
Coronagraphic Data Post-processing Using Projections on Instrumental Modes
Creators: name: Xin, Yinzi
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Laugier, Romain
name: Pogorelyuk, Leonid
name: Douglas, Ewan S.
name: Pope, Benjamin J. S.
name: Cahoy, Kerri L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directly observing exoplanets with coronagraphs is impeded by the presence of speckles from aberrations in the optical path, which can be mitigated in hardware with wavefront control as well as in post-processing. This work explores using an instrument model in post-processing to separate astrophysical signals from residual aberrations in coronagraphic data. The effect of wavefront error (WFE) on the coronagraphic intensity consists of a linear contribution and a quadratic contribution. When either of the terms is much larger than the other, the instrument response can be approximated by a transfer matrix mapping WFE to detector plane intensity. From this transfer matrix, a useful projection onto instrumental modes that removes the dominant error modes can be derived. We apply this projection to synthetically generated Roman Space Telescope hybrid Lyot coronagraph (HLC) data to extract "robust observables," which can be used instead of raw data for applications such as detection testing. The projection improves planet flux ratio detection limits by about 28% in the linear regime and by over a factor of 2 in the quadratic regime, illustrating that robust observables can increase sensitivity to astrophysical signals and improve the scientific yield from coronagraphic data. While this approach does not require additional information such as observations of reference stars or modulations of a deformable mirror, it can and should be combined with these other techniques, acting as a model-informed prior in an overall post-processing strategy.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Sewage sludge: characteristics and recovery options
Creators: name: Bonfiglioli, Luca
name: Bianchini, Augusto
name: Pellegrini, Marco
name: Saccani, Cesare
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ING-IND/17 Impianti industriali meccanici

description: In this paper, an overview on sewage sludge characteristics and recovery routes is presented. Starting from an analysis of typical sewage sludge characteristics as found in literature, the most promising disposal options are presented. A focus on incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) follows. Most of the authors agree on considering pyrolysis and gasification as the most viable treatments for sludge in the near future. For this reason, the last two chapters offer a brief description of these two processes and their products.
Obstetrical nursing
Creators: name: Burkhalter, Iris
Publisher: name: University of Oregon
Year: 1932
Subjects: Obstetric Nursing
Pregnancy

description: Obstetrical nursing is that part of science and art of nursing relating to the care of the mother during pregnancy, through labor, and delivery, and to the care of the mother and child after delivery. This paper discusses the history and purpose of obstetrical nursing.
Viscous Dark Cosmology with Account of Quantum Effects
Creators: name: Brevik, I.
name: Gorbunova, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analytic properties of the energy density rho(t) of the cosmic fluid, and the Hubble parameter H(t), are investigated near to the future singularity t=t_s assuming different forms for the equation of state. First, it is shown that the inclusion of quantum effects coming from the conformal anomaly modifies the singularity. Thereafter, we consider the effect coming from a bulk viscosity in the fluid. The viscosity tends to reduce the magnitude of t_s, but does not alter the singularity itself (the exponent). Main emphasis is laid on the simple case when the equation of state is p=w*rho, with w a constant.
description: 10 pages, no figures; to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C
Analytical solutions for optimal photon absorption into inhomogeneous spin memories
Creators: name: Bernád, József Zsolt
name: Schilling, Michael
name: Wen, Yutian
name: Müller, Matthias M.
name: Calarco, Tommaso
name: Bertet, Patrice
name: Motzoi, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate for optimal photon absorption a quantum electrodynamical model of an inhomogeneously-broadened spin ensemble coupled to a single-mode cavity. Solutions to this problem under experimental assumptions are developed in the Schrödinger picture without using perturbation theory concerning the cavity-spin interactions. Furthermore, we exploit the possibility of modulating the frequency and coupling rate of the resonator. We consider a one-photon input pulse and show some optimal scenarios, where exact formulas and numerical results are obtained for the absorption probabilities and the optimal pulse shapes. In particular, if the external loss dominates the internal loss of the cavity, we find the optimal cooperativity for different parameters and identify cases where absorption with a success probability larger than $99\%$ is achieved.
description: 19 pages, 20 figures
Privacy in private outdoor spaces in multifamily housing projects
Creators: name: Gatt, Carmel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Evaluation studies on housing developments rarely tackle privacy in depth, restricting themselves to questions such as "do-you-have-enough-privacy?" Most works on privacy are conceptual. There also exists a general lack of interest in the study of social and psychological behaviour in the spaces between buildings, and the effect of site layouts in housing. This study combines the two in an attempt to determine attitudes towards privacy in private open spaces in multifamily housing developments. A review of the literature indicated an emphasis on the aspect of control over the curtailment of interaction, as opposed to the more popular notion of privacy as withdrawal. This concept was applied in this study to residents of multifamily developments. It was hypothesized that compatibility between neighbours would reduce the need for physical separation and demonstrate a reliance on social strategies for control over interaction, below the threshold level of intrusion. Moreover it was hypothesized that preferences and dissatisfactions for privacy would be associated with the perceived adjustment of residents to the neighbourhood, as well as congruence with the neighbours. The concept of privacy was dissected into four states, based on the works of Westin (1970) and Marshall (1970). Two of these (Seclusion and Intimacy) dealt with physical conditions, and the other two (Anonymity and Hot-Neighbouring) dealt with the social conditions related to privacy. 50 respondents, were randomly selected from two low middle income, medium density housing developments. One was a co-operative and the other was a rent regulated housing complex. A specially designed questionnaire board was used to ask the subjects to rate their preferences for and assessment of, privacy in private outdoor spaces, for 11 activity categories, for the four states defined. Dissatisfaction was measured as the difference between the preferred and the achieved ratings. Although statistically the hypotheses were only proven partially right, other evidence in the study supports the following conclusions: a) Privacy is very complex and changes with the activity , and the person involved. There is no clear cut differentiation in the utilization of social over physical mechanisms to maintain it. b) A few activities have very specific privacy requirements, but in general people do not care very much about the privacy in private outdoor spaces. c) Management and/or tenure which improve relationships between neighbours create a greater community sense, cause a tolerance for more interaction, and reduce emphasis for physical barriers. d) Perceived fit in the neighbourhood had a greater effect on dissatisfaction and preferences for privacy than congruence with the neighbours. The hypotheses also generated additional information regarding attitudes towards social and physical elements in multifamily projects, which are only remotely related to privacy.
Il volto velato. Iperbole e reticenza in Howard Phillips Lovecraft, e nel racconto fantastico e d’orrore otto-novecentesco
Creators: name: Lazzarin, Stefano
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Cagliari
Year: 2014

description: Il saggio analizza alcuni racconti di Howard Phillips Lovecraft (1890-1937), considerandoli come rappresentativi di un certo filone del racconto fantastico e d’orrore otto-novecentesco: quello che gioca con il – e riflette sul – meccanismo retorico dell’iperbole e sul suo contrario logico, la reticenza. Nei testi in esame, l’irrappresentabile viene rincorso per tutta la narrazione e infine svelato, ma solo per lasciare spazio a un’indecidibile ambiguità; è un po’ come se l’iperbole, spinta al limite estremo delle sue potenzialità rappresentative, si rovesciasse all’improvviso in reticenza: l’ultimo orrore, il colmo dell’impensabile, non è altro che un significante vuoto.
description: Between, Vol 4, N° 7 (2014): Poteri della retorica
Young Integration with respect to Hölder Charges
Creators: name: Bouafia, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A25 28C99

description: We present a multidimensional Young integral that enables to integrate Hölder continuous functions with respect to a Hölder charge. It encompasses the integration of Hölder differential forms introduced by R. Züst: if $f$, $g_1, \dots, g_d$ are merely Hölder continuous functions on the cube $[0, 1]^d$ whose Hölder exponents satisfy a certain condition, it is possible to interpret $\mathrm{d}g_1 \wedge \cdots \wedge \mathrm{d}g_d$ as a Hölder charge and thus to make sense of the integral \[ \int_B f \mathrm{d} g_1 \wedge \cdots \wedge \mathrm{d}g_d \] over a set $B \subset [0, 1]^d$ of finite perimeter.
First nonlinear force-free field extrapolations of SOLIS/VSM data
Creators: name: Thalmann, J. K.
name: Wiegelmann, T.
name: Raouafi, N. -E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the coronal magnetic field structure inside active regions and its temporal evolution. We attempt to compare the magnetic configuration of an active region in a very quiet period with that for the same region during a flare. Probably for the first time, we use vector magnetograph data from the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun survey (SOLIS) to model the coronal magnetic field as a sequence of nonlinear force-free equilibria. We study the active region NOAA 10960 observed on 2007 June 7 with three snapshots taken during a small C1.0 flare of time cadence 10 minutes and six snapshots during a quiet period. The total magnetic energy in the active region was approximately $3 \times 10^{25}$ J. Before the flare the free magnetic energy was about 5% of the potential field energy. A part of this excess energy was released during the flare, producing almost a potential configuration at the beginning of the quiet period. During the investigated period, the coronal magnetic energy was only a few percent higher than that of the potential field and consequently only a small C1.0 flare occurred. This was compared with an earlier investigated active region 10540, where the free magnetic energy was about 60% higher than that of the potential field producing two M-class flares. However, the free magnetic energy accumulates before and is released during the flare which appears to be the case for both large and small flares.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, A&A letters, accepted
Entre analyse complexe et superanalyse
Creators: name: Bonneau, Pierre
name: Cumenge, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of superanalysis we get a functions theory close to complex analysis, under a suitable condition (A) on the real superalgebras in consideration. Under the condition (A), we get an integral representation formula for the superdifferentiable functions.We give a result of Hartogs type of separated superdifferentiability and a continuation theorem of Hartogs-Bochner type for the superdifferentiable functions.
description: v2 correspond \`a l'article d\'etaill\'e pour une note aux CRAS (v3) parue en 2009
Additional file 1 of An efficient method to isolate lemon derived extracellular vesicles for gastric cancer therapy
Creators: name: Yang, Meng
name: Liu, Xiaoyan
name: Luo, Qingqiong
name: Xu, Lili
name: Chen, Fuxiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures of an efficient method to isolate lemon derived extracellular vesicles for gastric cancer therapy.
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of higher-order layered nickelates: La$_{n+1}$Ni$_{n}$O$_{2n+2}$ ($n=4-6$)
Creators: name: LaBollita, Harrison
name: Botana, Antia S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of superconductivity in Sr-doped NdNiO$_2$, with a critical temperature of $10-15$ K suggests the possibility of a new family of nickel-based high-temperature superconductors (HTS). NdNiO$_{2}$ is the $n=\infty$ member of a larger series of layered nickelates with chemical formula R$_{n+1}$Ni$_{n}$O$_{2n+2}$ (R $=$ La, Nd, Pr; $n = 2, 3, \dots, \infty$). The $n=3$ member has been experimentally and theoretically shown to be cuprate-like and a promising HTS candidate if electron doping could be achieved. The higher-order $n=4,5,$ and $6$ members of the series fall directly into the cuprate dome area of filling without the need of doping, thus making them promising materials to study, but have not been synthesized yet. Here, we perform first-principles calculations on hypothetical $n=4,5,$ and $6$ structures to study their electronic and magnetic properties and compare them with the known $n=\infty$ and $n=3$ materials. From our calculations, we find that the cuprate-like character of layered nickelates increases from the $n=\infty$ to the $n=3$ members as the charge transfer energy and the self-doping effect due to R-$d$ bands around the Fermi level gradually decrease.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
A parallel domain decomposition method for solving elliptic equations on manifolds
Creators: name: Qin, Lizhen
name: Wang, Feng
name: Wang, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 65N30, Secondary 58J05, 65N55

description: We propose a new numerical domain decomposition method for solving elliptic equations on compact Riemannian manifolds. One advantage of this method is its ability to bypass the need for global triangulations or grids on the manifolds. Additionally, it features a highly parallel iterative scheme. To verify its efficacy, we conduct numerical experiments on some $4$-dimensional manifolds without and with boundary.
description: Final version. To appear in SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Detecting Extragalactic Axion-like Dark Matter with Polarization Measurements of Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Wang, Bao
name: Yang, Xuan
name: Wei, Jun-Jie
name: Zhang, Song-Bo
name: Wu, Xue-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) are one of the promising dark matter (DM) candidates. A prevalent method to detect axion-like DM is to seek periodic oscillation in the polarization angles (PAs) of linearly polarized light emitted from astrophysical sources. In this work, we use the time-resolved polarization measurements of the hyperactive repeating fast radio burst, FRB 20220912A, detected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) to search for extragalactic axion-like DM. Given a DM density profile of FRB 20220912A's host, we obtain upper limits on the ALP-photon coupling constant of $g_{a γ}<(3.4 \times 10^{-11}-1.9\times 10^{-9})\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ for the ALP masses $m_a \sim (1.4\times10^{-21}-5.2\times10^{-20})\,\mathrm{eV}$. Persistent polarimetric observations with FAST would extend the constraints to lower masses. Although the $g_{a γ}$ constraints derived from FRBs are less competitive than those from other methods, FRBs offer an alternative way to detect axion-like DM on extragalactic distance scales, complementary to galactic DM probes.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Communications Physics