Ins constituta Evenhuis 2020, new combination
Creators: name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Bombyliidae
Ins
Ins constituta

description: Ins constituta (Walker, 1852), new combination
(Figs. 6, 24, 32)
Anthrax constituta Walker, 1852: 189.
Anthrax galathea Osten Sacken 1886: 123, n. syn.
Villa (Hemipenthes) galathea (Osten Sacken. Painter & Painter 1962: 110.
Villa (Hemipenthes) constituta (Walker). Painter & Painter 1974: 184.
Villa constituta (Walker). Hull 1973: 372.
Hemipenthes galathea (Osten Sacken). Hull 1973: 386.
Hemipenthes constituta (Walker). Evenhuis 1983: 469.
Types: Holotype ♀ of Anthrax constituta from: “ S. America ” with no further data except an accession label “68-4” (BMNH). Type examined by Painter & Painter (1974: 184).
Holotype ♂ of Anthrax galathea from COSTA RICA: Caché, [no further data], H. Rogers (BMNH). Type examined in this study and by Painter & Painter (1962: 110).
Diagnosis. Separated from the congeners by cell dm almost all infuscated (Fig. 13) (other species with cell dm with apical one-third or more hyaline). The male genitalia are similar to I. ignea with respect to possessing a very small blade-like projection on the parameral sheath, but I. constituta can be separated from it by the black infuscation of the base of the wing (orange yellow in I. ignea).
Description. Measurements. Body: 7.1–12.0 mm. Wing: 7.5–12.5 mm. Male. Head. Black; occipital fringe with short yellow hairs, admixed with black hairs above and white hairs below. Eyes separated at vertex by slightly more than width of ocellar triangle. Frons slightly tumid, black pilose to just above antennae and along inner eye margins, yellow tomentose immediately above antennae. Face moderately produced in lateral view, subconical, rounded apically, with black hairs medially, admixed with yellowish white tomentum laterally. Antenna brown, scape subcylindrical, flared at mesoapical margin, twice as long as pedicel, with black hairs, longest mesally; pedicel subspherical, with sparse black hairs dorsally and ventrally; flagellomere longer than scape and pedicel combined; onion shaped, tapering to thin styliform apical three-fourths, style minute, terminal. Proboscis short, brown, not projecting beyond oral margin. Palpi brown, with sparse, long black hairs.
Thorax. Mesonotum and scutellum matte black, with anterior and anterolateral margins dense thick yellow pilose; disc uniformly covered with sparse minute yellowish white hairs; admixture of black hairs and golden tomentum in prescutellar area. Scutellum with black hairs along posterior margin; golden tomentum posteroventrally. Pleura brown, gray pollinose; anepisternum dense long yellow pilose, with admixture of dark brown hairs medially; katepisternum and anepimeron with short fine yellow hairs; meron with patch of white scales immediately anterior to posterior spiracle; katatergite with dense long yellowish white hairs; metakatepisternum with small patch of yellow hairs adjacent to hind coxa. Post alar callus with patch of short black hairs and golden tomentum. Halter stem and knob yellowish white.
Legs. Brown; coxae with yellow hairs; femora with golden scales and adpressed brown scales apicodorsally; fore tibia without bristles, with minute thin hairs.
Wing (Fig. 13) Infuscated dark brown to black basally, hyaline apically, with infuscation dimidiately demarcated; cells c, sc, br, bm, and anal (except at extreme tip) and axillary lobes entirely infuscated; cell r1 hyaline at tip; cell dm almost all infuscated; cell r2+3 infuscated on basal 2/3; cell r4 infuscated on basal 1/4; cell r5 with apical 1/5 hyaline, cells m2 and m3 infuscated basally; remainder of wing hyaline without spots; anal cell open in wing margin by width subequal to r-m crossvein. Basal 1/3 of anal cell fringed with yellow scales; alula fringed with brown scales basally, yellow scales apically; squama with dense long shiny golden scales.
Abdomen (Fig. 6). Chocolate brown, tergites black tomentose dorsally, dense yellow pilose laterally on tergite I; tergite II with yellow hairs anterolaterally, black hairs posterolaterally; tergites III–IV with thick black hairs laterally; tergites V–VI with dense white scales laterally. Venter chocolate brown, adpressed long white pilose and tomentose.
Male genitalia (Fig. 24). With distiphallus in lateral view with relatively deep subapical notch; parameral sheath in lateral view with blade-like process small, slightly protruding; parameral sheath bare, in dorsal view broad basally tapering slightly to broadly rounded apex.
Female. As in male except as follows: frons more tumid than in male, hairs shorter and sparser; eyes separated at vertex by 1.5 times width of ocellar tubercle; golden scales more dense in prescutellar area; pleura without dark hairs; anepisternum dense white scaled on lower half, displacing hairs found in male; metakatepisternum with dense white hairs and scales; coxae with white scales. Female genitalia (Fig. 32) with furca horseshoe-shaped with small rounded sublateral projections directed mesally, furca squared basally; sclerotized apical portion of spermathecal reservoir gourd-shaped, narrowing to membranous basal portion, basal portion with bulb-like process apically; apical spermathecal duct relatively short, slightly shorter than membranous portion of spermathecal reservoir complex, connected to membranous basal portion of spermathecal reservoir by minute sclerite; ejection apparatus long, thin, length slightly longer than spermathecal reservoir complex, with small flared, sclerotized apical valve and narrow cylindrical non-sclerotized basal valve; basal spermathecal duct thin, subequal in length to spermathecal reservoir complex.
Other material examined. COSTA RICA: 1♀, Higuito, San Mateo, [no date], P. Schild (USNM). EL SA- VADOR: 1♂, 1♀, Rosario, Cuscatlán, 19 Nov 1953, Salazar (USNM), 2♀, same data except 20 Jul 1955, M.S. V. (USNM); 1♀, San Salvador, 1 Jun 1958, O.L. Cartwright (USNM); 1♀, Tonacatepeque, 20 Jun 1958, O.L. Cart- wright (USNM). GUATEMALA: 2♂, 1♀ Esquintla, 1934, F.X. Williams (BPBM); 1♂, Cerro Redondo, 1050– 1200 m, 50 km S. Guatemala City, 28–30 Jul 1970, J. & M. Sedlacek, light trap (BPBM); 1♂, La Providencia Obispo, [no further data], C.M. Rouillard (USNM); 1?, 21 mi NE Guatemala, 3900 ft., 8 Aug 1967, R. H. & E.M. Painter (USNM). MEXICO: Guerrero: 1♀, 10 mi. S. Taxco, 14 Aug 1962, N. Marston–21 (USNM). PANAMA: Canal Zone: 1♀, Ft. Sherman, 8 Sep 1923, R. C. Shannon (USNM). PERU: 1♀, Callanga [no further data] (USNM). VENEZUELA: 8♀, Guárico, Hato Masaguaral, 44 mi. S. Calabozo, 3–10 May 1985, Menke & Carpenter (USNM), 2♀, same data except 20–28 May 185 (USNM).
Remarks. Comparison of the description and wing photo of the type of Anthrax constituta Walker, 1852 in Painter & Painter (1974) with Anthrax galathea Osten Sacken, 1886, clearly shows the two to be conspecific; thus the new synonymy proposed herein. The wing pattern is unique among species and the salient characters in the description by Painter & Painter (1974) match those for specimens previously identified as galathea examined in this study. The type locality was not specified by Walker (1852) but, given the known distribution based on specimens examined here, it is probable that it is from northern South America, possibly Venezuela.
Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador (new record), Guatemala (new record), Mexico (Guerrero) (new record), Peru (new record), Venezuela (new record).
description: Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., 2020, A new genus for Painter & Painter's Villa " celer " - group in the New World (Diptera: Bombyliidae), pp. 296-314 in Zootaxa 4748 (2) on pages 302-303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3698809