Phylloicus lituratus Banks
Creators: name: PRATHER, AYSHA L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Calamoceratidae
Phylloicus
Phylloicus lituratus

description: Phylloicus lituratus Banks
Figs. 61, 62
Phylloicus lituratus Banks, 1920:350 [Type locality: Colombia, Mariquito; MCZ; male]. — Flint 1967:19 [male]. — Denning et al. 1983:182 [redescription].
Phylloicus “species 1" Flint, 1991:98.
Phylloicus priapulus Denning and Hogue, 1983 in Denning et al. 1983:187 [Type locality: Costa
Rica, Puntarenas Province, 1.8 miles west of Rincón, Osa Peninsula; LACM; male]. NEW SYNONYM.
This species exhibits a range of minor variation across its distribution and within populations. This variation may indicate the presence of more than one species, but although I have examined many specimens from a broad geographic area, I am unable to find consistent linkage of variation among characters and therefore am treating this as a single species. The types of P. lituratus and priapulus represent the extremes of morphology for tergum X and its processes, but intermediate morphologies are easily found within series. For this reason, I am synonymizing these two species. Phylloicus lituratus is distinguished by the wing pattern (as in Fig. 109), the lack of abdominal coremata, and preanal appendages longer than tergum X (Fig. 61A, B).
A few specimens appear to be hybrids, probably with P. elegans. The wing pattern is identical to both P. elegans and lituratus; male terminalia are consistent with other P. lituratus specimens, but there is a tiny eversible membranous lobe in the IVth abdominal pleuron. The elaborate modifications of the P. elegans IVth abdominal segment are absent, however. Within a given series of specimens, the presence of this lobe is inconsistent, and for this reason I believe these specimens may represent a spatial or temporal hybrid zone.
As discussed under P. elegans, the females of P. elegans and P. lituratus are indistinguishable, and therefore all determinations are tentative.
Adult. Forewing length 10.4­12.1 mm, n = 95.
Head chestnut brown. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antenna twice forewing length; chestnut brown, with narrow patches of pale sensilla on anteromesal surface of each flagellomere. Dorsal pterothorax chestnut brown; ventrolateral thorax golden. Femora golden; foretibiae dark brown; mesotibiae dark brown; metatibiae dark brown; foretarsi dark brown; mesotarsi white proximally, dark distally; metatarsi dark brown. Metathoracic leg of male with posterior fringe of long setae, setae dark. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewing flat; dark brown; with two transverse bands; proximal band ivory, reaching posterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing, an inverted V­shape; distal band ivory, beginning at anterior wing margin, at least 1/2 width of wing; with two basal stripes, ivory. Hind wing basal brush present in male, light brown.
Male. Preterminalic abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Corematic structures absent, terga III­V unmodified, without membranous lobes or sclerotized processes. Sternum VII with short, acute anteromesal process. Sternum VIII enclosing base of elongate sternum IX; posteromesal process notched, notch deep and round (Fig. 61A, C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with round narrow mesal projection (Fig. 61B); lateral ridge absent; dorsal pleural setae approximately 3, ventral pleural setae absent (Fig. 61A). Preanal appendage longer than tergum X, but less than 11/2 times length, widest apically, setae long, but not filamentous or longer than appendage (Fig. 61A, B). Tergum X without basal lobes; basodorsal process short and digitate; basolateral processes of varying length and often asymmetrical; apex, in lateral view, truncate, in dorsal view, entire or notched, notch shallow and round (Fig. 61A, B). Harpago rounded; peglike setae many, apical (Fig. 61A, C). Phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes, apicolateral lobes large and rounded; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite ovoid, in dorsal view horseshoe­shaped (Fig. 61D, E).
Female. Preterminal abdominal terga with anteromesal notch. Sternum VII with short pointed anteromesal process. Tergum VIII without posterolateral brush; sternum VIII with shallow posteromesal notch, or posterior margin entire; sternum VIII (Fig. 62C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge (Fig. 62B). Sternum IX anterior and posterior lobes darkly sclerotized and striate, with patch of lightly sclerotized cuticle lateral to vaginal opening (Fig. 62A). Tergum X appendage shorter than mesal lobe, base marked by faint suture line, apex rounded; mesal lobe lightly sclerotized; digitate lateral processes length approximately equal diameter and often asymmetrical (Fig. 62B). Sternum X with patches of short fine setae posterolaterally to anal opening (Fig. 62A). Vaginal apparatus anterior and posterior sclerites equal in length; anterior sclerite truncate anteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; posterior sclerite triangular; posterior end of spermatheca a sclerotized ovoid (Fig. 62A).
Material examined. COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, 19 xii., Williamson — 1 male (MCZ); Antioquia: Mun. El Retiro, Quebrada La Cebolla, trap A, 2150 m, 21.v.1983, Matthias — 1 male (NMNH); Boyacá: Muzo, 900 m, 1936, Bequaert — 1 female (MCZ); Tolima: Mariquita, 5.ii., Williamson — P. lituratus holotype male (MCZ); COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 20 km S Upala, 8­10.v.1990, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 1.vii.1990, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 7.ii.1991, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 11­20.viii.1991, Parker — 2 males (EMUS); 1­10.ix.1991, Parker — 1 male, 1 female (EMUS); Río Pizote, ca. 5 km (air) S Brasilia, 10°58'19”N, 85°20'42"W, 390 m, 9.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); 12.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 6 males, 1 female (UMSP); unnamed river, Cerro Campana ca. 6 km (air) NW Dos Rios, 10°54'00”N, 85°24'00"W, 640 m, 22­ 23.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 3 males, 1 female (UMSP); Reserva Forestal San Ramón, Río San Lorencito & tribs., 10°12'58”N, 84°36'25"W, 980 m, 1­ 4.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 female (UMSP); 6­10.iii.1991, Holzenthal, Muñoz, & Huisman — 2 males (UMSP); Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE R. Naranjo, 1­ 5.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); 3.vi.1992, Parker — 1 male (EMUS); Río Liberia, Liberia, 11.i.1910, Calvert — 1 female (MCZ); Río Los Ahogados, Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE Quebrada Grande, 10°51'54”N, 85°25'23"W, 470 m, 7.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 2 males, 3 females (UMSP); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Quebrada Alcornoque, El Hacha, 11°00'32”N, 85°34'37"W, 250 m, 26.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, & Clausen — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Quebrada Pedregal, El Hacha, 10°58'59”N, 85°32'20"W, 300 m, 5.ii.1988, Strand — 1 male, 1 female (UMSP); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Río Negro, 10°45'54”N, 85°18'47"W, 810 m, 3.iii.1986, Holzenthal & Fasth — 1 male (UMSP); Límon: Limon, 16 km W Guapiles, 400 m, 1.ii.­1.iii.1989, Hanson — 1 male (UMSP); Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Quebrada González, 10°09'36”N, 83°56'20"W, 480 m, 12­14.v.1990, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (INBIO); — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); 1 male (UMSP); Puntarenas: 1.8 mi. W Rincón, 1.ii.1971, Donahue & Hogue — P. priapulus holotype male (LACM); Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5­9.v.1978, Janzen — 1 male (INBIO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, unnamed stream, Piedra el Arco, 08°34'55”N, 83°42'32"W, 20 m, 10.iv.1989, Holzenthal & Blahnik — 1 male (INBIO); ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Orellana, Río Tiputini, 38°02'00”N, 76°08'54"W, 12­26.viii.1999, Mathis — 4 males, 2 females (NMNH); Pastaza: Tzapino, 01°19'00”S, 77°28'00"W, 1200 m, 25.v.1976, Figueroa — 1 male (NMNH); Pichincha: Río Palenque Biological Station, Río Palenque, Santo Domingo (47 km), 229 m, 29.vii.1976, Cohen — 6 males (NMNH); NICARAGUA: Río San Juan: Refugio Bartola, 1.5 km N. of station, Río Bartola, 10°58'00”N, 84°21'00"W, 40 m, 8.viii.2000, Chamorro & Dobbins — 1 male (UMSP); Zelaya: Río Las Latas, 14°04'00”N, 88°33'00"W, 220 m, 2.vi.1998, Maes & Hernández — 4 males (UMSP); PANAMA: Chiriquí: 08°55'00”N, 82°16'00"W, 1050 m, Staudinger — 1 male (ZMHU); Coclé: Taboga, Taboga Island, 1.ii.1912, Busck — 1 male (NMNH); Colón: Canal Zone, Navy Res., Río Agua Salud, 30.iii.1965, S & W Duckworth — 1 male (NMNH); Darién: Río Tuir at Río Pucuro, 16­ 17.ii.1985, Louton — 1 male, 1 female (NMNH); Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 8.ii.1967, Akre — 4 males (CAS); 12.iii.1967, Irwin — 5 males, 1 female (UMSP); 24­25.ii.1969, Akre — 3 males (CAS); 31.iii.1979, Silberglied & Aiello — 1 male (NMNH); Snyder­Molino trail, marker 3, 23­29.xii.1987, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 23­ 29.xi.1988, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 24­31.v.1989, Wolda — 1 male (NMNH); 13.xii.1989 ­ 13.ii 1990, Wolda — 1 male (UMSP); San Blas: Río Carti Grande, 2 km W Nusagandi, 5.iii.1985, Flint & Louton — 1 male (NMNH); VENEZUELA: Zulia: Perijá El Tucuco, Mission El Tucuco, Río del Pelaya, 2­1/ 2 km from church, 28­30.ix.1979, Savage — 1 male, 3 females (NMNH); Parque Nacional Perijá, Río Negro in Toromo, 10°03'04”N, 72°42'43"W, 360 m, 15.i.1994, Holzenthal, Cressa, & Rincón — 1 male (UMSP).
Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela,
description: Published as part of PRATHER, AYSHA L., 2003, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), pp. 1-214 in Zootaxa 275 (1) on pages 62-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019235