cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Strength of Nonstationary Iteration
Creators: name: Wasilkowski, Grzegorz W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1979
Subjects: Computer science
Iterative methods (Mathematics)
Differential equations, Nonlinear--Numerical solutions

description: The is the second of three papers that studies global convergence of iterations using linear information for the solution of nonlinear equations. This paper proves that any globally convergent iteration using linear information has infinite complexity even for the class of scalar complex polynomials having only simple zeros.
Preferred States of Decoherence under Intermediate System-Environment Coupling
Creators: name: Wang, Wen-ge
name: He, Lewei
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The notion that decoherence rapidly reduces a superposition state to an incoherent mixture implicitly adopts a special representation, namely, the representation of preferred (pointer) states (PS). For weak or strong system-environment coupling, PS is known to be the energy eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian or the eigenstates of the system-environment interaction Hamiltonian. Via a simple dynamical model that simulates a two-level system interacting with few other degrees of freedom as its environment, it is shown that even for intermediate system-environment coupling, approximate PS may still emerge from the coherent quantum dynamics of the whole system in the absence of any thermal averaging. The found PS can also continuously deform to expected limits for weak or strong system-environment coupling. Computational results are also qualitatively explained. The findings should be useful towards further understandings of decoherence and quantum thermalization processes.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures (including supplementary materials), final version appearing in Phys.Rev.Lett
Search for a dark matter candidate produced in association with a single top quark in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new search for dark matter in a data sample of an integrated luminosity of 7.7 fb$^{-1}$ of Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV, collected by the CDF II detector. We search for production of a dark matter candidate, $D$, in association with a single top quark. We consider the hadronic decay mode of the top quark exclusively, yielding a final state of three jets with missing transverse energy. The data are consistent with the standard model; we thus set 95% confidence level upper limits on the cross section of the process $p\bar{p}\rightarrow t+D$ as a function of the mass of the dark-matter candidate. The limits are approximately 0.5 pb for a dark-matter particle with mass in the range of 0-150 GeV/$c^{2}$.
Basic Facts About Low-income Children, 2009: Children Under Age 3
Creators: name: Chau, Michelle M.
name: Thampi, Kalyani
name: Wight, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Poor children
Poor families
Poverty
Poverty--Measurement

description: Children represent 25 percent of the population. Yet, they comprise 36 percent of all people in poverty. Among children, 42 percent live in low-income families and nearly one in every five live in poor families. Our very youngest children, infants and toddlers under age 3, appear to be particularly vulnerable with 46 percent living in low-income and 24 percent living in poor families. Winding up in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are significant factors related to children's experiences with economic insecurity, such as race/ethnicity and parents' education and employment. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of infants and toddlers and their parents — highlighting the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Hydrodynamics of circular free-surface long water jets in industrial metal cooling
Creators: name: Seraj, Mohammad Mohsen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Control cooling in run-out table (ROT) is crucial in managing the properties of steel strip. However, industries still rely on experience and empirical methods due to the complexity and transient nature of cooling process. The associated flow features of ROT cooling received little attention in the literature. The main purpose of this research is to investigate systematically the hydrodynamics of long circular water jets impinging on fixed and moving plate with industrial scale. The fixed plate experiments showed that the impingement film and circular hydraulic jump were disturbed with surface waves and splattering. The experiments on moving plate with single impinging jet demonstrated the effect of jet flow rate and plate speed on wetting zone. For a given plate velocity, the size of wetting area increased according to jet Reynolds number. The moving impingement surface interferes with radial spreading film and the wetting front became noncircular. A new correlation for the radius of wetting front has been proposed. The effect of plate motion on liquid jets interactions were studied experimentally using multiple jets. Nonsplashing thick interaction film or thin upwash splashing fountain at the interaction zone were observed depending on process parameters. If the effect of plate motion was not promoted then the interaction flow structure was preserved similar to stationary plate. However, the moving plate could change the strong splashing fountain interaction flow to nonsplashing thick film depending on the velocity ratio of plate to jet for a given nozzle space. Higher plate speeds and/or lower jet flow rates are more likely to decrease splashing and change the fountain type interaction. Numerical simulations on stationary surface demonstrated that suggested velocity and pressure variation for short laminar jets may be adapted for long turbulent liquid jets if the gravity is considered. Generally, shear-stress transport k-ω model showed better performance after impingement. The moving plate simulations of single jet proved the distortion of the impingement zone. The shifted stagnation point produces noncircular impingement region and unsymmetrical spreading of impingement water film over the surface. Longitudinal negative velocity was occurred at higher plate velocity simulations which represent the backwash flow.
An analysis of sample selection bias in cross-country growth regressions
Creators: name: Ray, Jayant
name: Rivera-Batiz, Francisco
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: Sample sizes in cross-country growth regressions vary greatly, depending on data availability. But if the selected samples are not representative of the underlying population of nations in the world, ordinary least squares coefficients (OLS) may be biased. This paper re-examines the determinants of economic growth in cross-sectional samples of countries utilizing econometric techniques that take into account the selective nature of the samples. The regression results of three major contributions to the empirical growth literature by Mankiw-Romer-Weil (1992), Barro (1991) and Mauro (1995), are considered and re-estimated using a bivariate selectivity model. Our analysis suggests that sample selection bias could significantly change the results of empirical growth analysis, depending on the specific sample utilized. In the case of the Mankiw-Romer-Weil paper, the value and statistical significance of some of the estimated coefficients change drastically when adjusted for sample selectivity. But the results obtained by Barro and Mauro are robust to sample selection bias.
Dendocoris suffultus
Creators: name: Thomas, D. B. Jr.
name: H. Brailovsky
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1999
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Dendocoris
Dendocoris suffultus

description: Dendocoris suffultus (Distant 1893)
(Figure 10)
Diagnosis. Vertex of head flat. Juga contiguous before tylus. Cicatrices concolorous with pronotal disk. Anterolateral pronotal margins weakly concave in dorsal view. Tubercle present at base of abdomen in both sexes but weak in males. Legs immaculate. Abdominal spiracles ringed in black. Veins of hemelytral membrane simple or furcate, not reticulate. Male paramere symmetrically bicapitate (Fig. 10). Mesial emargination of pygophore not attended by small, black, teeth.
Distribution. MEXICO: Morelos, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Queretaro, Oaxaca, Puebla, Zacatecas.
Remarks. The symmetrical form of the inale parainere is the primary characterwhich separates this species from D. arizonensis. As noted by Nelson (1955), some specimens have markedly produced humeri.
description: Published as part of Thomas, D. B. Jr. & H. Brailovsky, 1999, Review of the genus Dendrocoris Bergroth with descriptions of new species (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera), pp. 1-9 in Insecta Mundi 13 on page 6
Survey on Polish multinationals finds geographic concentration and industrial diversity
Creators: name: Kaliszuk, Ewa
name: Wancio, Agata
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Business
Finance

description: The Institute for Market, Consumption and Business Cycles Research (IBRKK), Poland, and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint undertaking of the Columbia Law School and the Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York, are releasing the results of a survey on outward investors today. The survey is part of a broader research project focused on the rapid global expansion of multinational enterprises from emerging markets. The present survey, conducted in 2010, covers the period 2007-2009
Electron doping evolution of the anisotropic spin excitations in BaFe2-xNixAs2
Creators: name: Luo, Huiqian
name: Yamani, Zahra
name: Chen, Yanchao
name: Lu, Xingye
name: Wang, Meng
name: Li, Shiliang
name: Maier, Thomas A.
name: Danilkin, Sergey
name: Adroja, D. T.
name: Dai, Pengcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use inelastic neutron scattering to systematically investigate the Ni-doping evolution of the low-energy spin excitations in BaFe2-xNixAs2 spanning from underdoped antiferromagnet to overdoped superconductor (0.03< x < 0.18). In the undoped state, the low-energy (<80 meV) spin waves of BaFe2As2 form transversely elongated ellipses in the [H, K] plane of the reciprocal space. Upon Ni-doping, the c-axis magnetic exchange coupling is rapidly suppressed and the momentum distribution of spin excitations in the [H, K] plane is enlarged in both the transverse and longitudinal directions with respect to the in-plane AF ordering wave vector of the parent compound. As a function of increasing Ni-doping x, the spin excitation widths increase linearly but with a larger rate along the transverse direction. These results are in general agreement with calculations of dynamic susceptibility based on the random phase approximation (RPA) in an itinerant electron picture. For samples near optimal superconductivity at x= 0.1, a neutron spin resonance appears in the superconducting state. Upon further increasing the electron-doping to decrease the superconducting transition temperature Tc, the intensity of the low-energy magnetic scattering decreases and vanishes concurrently with vanishing superconductivity in the overdoped side of the superconducting dome. Comparing with the low-energy spin excitations centered at commensurate AF positions for underdoped and optimally doped materials (x<0.1), spin excitations in the over-doped side (x=0.15) form transversely incommensurate spin excitations, consistent with the RPA calculation. Therefore, the itinerant electron approach provides a reasonable description to the low-energy AF spin excitations in BaFe2-xNixAs2.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Consistency Analysis of Finite Difference Approximations to PDE Systems
Creators: name: Gerdt, Vladimir P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65N06 (Primary) 13P10, 68W30 (Secondary)

description: In the given paper we consider finite difference approximations to systems of polynomially-nonlinear partial differential equations whose coefficients are rational functions over rationals in the independent variables. The notion of strong consistency which we introduced earlier for linear systems is extended to nonlinear ones. For orthogonal and uniform grids we describe an algorithmic procedure for verification of strong consistency based on computation of difference standard bases. The concepts and algorithmic methods of the present paper are illustrated by two finite difference approximations to the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. One of these approximations is strongly consistent and another is not.
description: 15 pages
Probing the Flare Atmospheres of M dwarfs Using Infrared Emission Lines
Creators: name: Schmidt, Sarah J.
name: Kowalski, Adam F.
name: Hawley, Suzanne L.
name: Hilton, Eric J.
name: Wisniewski, John P.
name: Tofflemire, Benjamin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a campaign to monitor active M dwarfs using infrared spectroscopy, supplemented with optical photometry and spectroscopy. We detected 16 flares during nearly 50 hours of observations on EV Lac, AD Leo, YZ CMi, and VB8. The three most energetic flares also showed infrared emission, including the first reported detections of Pβ, Pγ, He I 10830Åand Brγduring an M dwarf flare. The strongest flare (Δu = 4.02 on EV Lac) showed emission from Hγ, Hδ, He I 4471Å, and Ca II K in the UV/blue and Pβ, Pγ, Pδ, Brγ, and He I 10830Åin the infrared. The weaker flares (Δu = 1.68 on EV Lac and ΔU = 1.38 on YZ CMi) were only observed with photometry and infrared spectroscopy; both showed emission from Pβ, Pγ, and He I 10830Å. The strongest infrared emission line, Pβ, occurred in the active mid-M dwarfs with a duty cycle of ~3-4%. To examine the most energetic flare, we used the static NLTE radiative transfer code RH to produce model spectra based on a suite of one-dimensional model atmospheres. Using a hotter chromosphere than previous one-dimensional atmospheric models, we obtain line ratios that match most of the observed emission lines.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Ambiguous events
Creators: name: Amarante, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Economics

description: We focus on a class of Multiple Prior Models. Those characterized by nonatomic countably additive priors. Preferences generating such representations have been recently axiomatized in [17]. We argue that this is the proper setting for comparing the notions of unambiguous event given by Epstein and Zhang in [7] and by Ghirardato, Maccheroni and Marinacci in [10]. The two definitions are known to be nonequivalent. Our main result is that an event T is unambiguous in the sense of Epstein and Zhang if and only if either (i) it is unambiguous in the sense of [10]; or (ii) conditional on T, the decision maker is an expected utility maximizer. We also provide an easy operational criterion for establishing whether or not an event is unambiguous in the sense of Epstein and Zhang.
The Polyakov loop and the hadron resonance gas model
Creators: name: Megias, E.
name: Arriola, E. Ruiz
name: Salcedo, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Polyakov loop has been used repeatedly as an order parameter in the deconfinement phase transition in QCD. We argue that, in the confined phase, its expectation value can be represented in terms of hadronic states, similarly to the hadron resonance gas model for the pressure. Specifically, L(T) \approx 1/2\sum_αg_α\,e^(-Δ_α/T), where g_αare the degeneracies and Δ_αare the masses of hadrons with exactly one heavy quark (the mass of the heavy quark itself being subtracted). We show that this approximate sum rule gives a fair description of available lattice data with N_f=2+1 for temperatures in the range 150MeV
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Error in normalization corrected. Excited states included. Substantially revised
Is Shared Housing a Way to Reduce Homelessness?
Creators: name: He, Yinghua
name: O'Flaherty, Brendan Andrew
name: Rosenheck, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics
Homelessness
Shared housing--Government policy

description: Most single adults share housing with other adults, and living alone is considerably more expensive than living with someone else. Yet policies that discourage shared housing for formerly homeless people or people at risk of becoming homeless are common, and those that encourage it are rare. This would be understandable if such housing adversely affected its users in some way. We ask whether shared housing produces adverse effects. Our provisional answer is no. Indeed, shared housing is associated with reduced psychotic symptomology and it appears that this relationship is causal over some time frames, although the latter result is not robust. We use data from ACCESS, a 5-year, 18 site demonstration project with over 6,000 formerly homeless individuals as participants.
Equivalence of public mixed-strategies and private behavior-strategies in games with public monitoring
Creators: name: Amarante, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Economics

description: In repeated games with public monitoring, the consideration of behavior strategies makes relevant the distinction between public and private strategies. Recently, Kandori and Obara [5] and Mailath, Matthews and Sekiguchi [7] have provided examples of games with equilibrium payoffs in private strategies which lie outside the set of Public Perfect Equilibrium payoffs. The present paper focuses on another distinction, that between mixed and behavior strategies. It is shown that, as far as with mixed strategies one is concerned, the restriction to public strategies is not a restriction at all. Our result provides a general explanation for the findings of Kandori and Obara [5] and Mailath, Matthews and Sekiguchi [7] as well as a general method for constructing examples of that sort.
A fixed point theorem for contractions in modular metric spaces
Creators: name: Chistyakov, Vyacheslav V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47H10, 46A80 (Primary), 47H09, 54E35, 26A45 (Secondary)

description: The notion of a (metric) modular on an arbitrary set and the corresponding modular space, more general than a metric space, were introduced and studied recently by the author [V. V. Chistyakov, Metric modulars and their application, Dokl. Math. 73(1) (2006) 32-35, and Modular metric spaces, I: Basic concepts, Nonlinear Anal. 72(1) (2010) 1-14]. In this paper we establish a fixed point theorem for contractive maps in modular spaces. It is related to contracting rather ``generalized average velocities'' than metric distances, and the successive approximations of fixed points converge to the fixed points in a weaker sense as compared to the metric convergence.
description: 31 pages, LaTeX, uses elsarticle.sty
Table S1 Single prey species from Phantom of the forest or successful citizen? Analysing how Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) cope with the urban environment
Creators: name: Chapa, Manuela Merling De
name: Courtiol, Alexandre
name: Engler, Marc
name: Giese, Lisa
name: Rutz, Christian
name: Lakermann, Michael
name: Müskens, Gerard
name: Horst, Youri Van Der
name: Zollinger, Ronald
name: Wirth, Hans
name: Kenntner, Norbert
name: Krüger, Oliver
name: Chakarov, Nayden
name: Anna-Katharina Müller
name: Looft, Volkher
name: Grünkorn, Thomas
name: Hallau, André
name: Altenkamp, Rainer
name: Krone, Oliver
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Amount of all prey species in urban and rural habitats.
The birth of coinage
Creators: name: Mundell, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Finance

description: The introduction of coinage marks an important innovation in the history of money and a transition in the development of civilization itself. Sometime in the first millennium BC, coinage was invented, probably in Asia Minor, and it rapidly spread throughout the Mediterranean area. Tradition attributes the invention to Lydia but it quickly became a Greek affair. Wherever Greeks settled coinage followed. In the span of hardly a century the innovation had become established around the Aegean area, Sicily, southern Italy, southern France, Spain, Libya and the Black Sea. It was also taken up by neighboring peoples, including the Persians, the Etruscans and the Carthaginians. Coinage is a subject of interest for many disciplines: history, archaeology, metrology, numismatics, epigraphy, linguistics, classics, metallurgy, history of art, political science and of course economics. Its literature is enormous. Nevertheless, some of the most relevant questions remain unanswered. Why did coins suddenly appear in Asia Minor and the Aegean area in the early seventh century? What is the evidence that coinage was invented in Lydia? What were the early coins used for? Did the device or mark on the early coins guarantee the weight, the purity or the value? What was the purchasing power of the early denominations? Did the coins exchange at their "intrinsic worth" or were they overvalued? How were the coins related to prevailing weight systems? This essay attempts to answer some of these questions and provide an introduction to our knowledge about the invention of coinage.
Herschel-ATLAS/GAMA: a census of dust in optically selected galaxies from stacking at submillimetre wavelengths
Creators: name: Bourne, N.
name: Maddox, S. J.
name: Dunne, L.
name: Auld, R.
name: Baes, M.
name: Baldry, I. K.
name: Bonfield, D. G.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Croom, S. M.
name: Dariush, A.
name: de Zotti, G.
name: Driver, S. P.
name: Dye, S.
name: Eales, S.
name: Gomez, H. L.
name: Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.
name: Hopkins, A. M.
name: Ibar, E.
name: Jarvis, M. J.
name: Lapi, A.
name: Madore, B.
name: Michalowski, M. J.
name: Pohlen, M.
name: Popescu, C. C.
name: Rigby, E. E.
name: Seibert, M.
name: Smith, D. J. B.
name: Tuffs, R. J.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Brough, S.
name: Buttiglione, S.
name: Cava, A.
name: Clements, D. L.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Hopwood, R.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Jones, D. H.
name: Kelvin, L. S.
name: Liske, J.
name: Loveday, J.
name: Norberg, P.
name: Robotham, A. S. G.
name: Rodighiero, G.
name: Temi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Herschel-ATLAS survey to conduct the first large-scale statistical study of the submm properties of optically selected galaxies. Using ~80,000 r-band selected galaxies from 126 deg^2 of the GAMA survey, we stack into submm imaging at 250, 350 and 500μm to gain unprecedented statistics on the dust emission from galaxies at z < 0.35. We find that low redshift galaxies account for 5% of the cosmic 250μm background (4% at 350μm; 3% at 500μm), of which approximately 60% comes from 'blue' and 20% from 'red' galaxies (rest-frame g - r). We compare the dust properties of different galaxy populations by dividing the sample into bins of optical luminosity, stellar mass, colour and redshift. In blue galaxies we find that dust temperature and luminosity correlate strongly with stellar mass at a fixed redshift, but red galaxies do not follow these correlations and overall have lower luminosities and temperatures. We make reasonable assumptions to account for the contaminating flux from lensing by red sequence galaxies and conclude that galaxies with different optical colours have fundamentally different dust emission properties. Results indicate that while blue galaxies are more luminous than red galaxies due to higher temperatures, the dust masses of the two samples are relatively similar. Dust mass is shown to correlate with stellar mass, although the dust/stellar mass ratio is much higher for low stellar mass galaxies, consistent with the lowest mass galaxies having the highest specific star formation rates. We stack the 250μm/NUV luminosity ratio, finding results consistent with greater obscuration of star formation at lower stellar mass and higher redshift. Submm luminosities and dust masses of all galaxies are shown to evolve strongly with redshift, indicating a fall in the amount of obscured star formation in ordinary galaxies over the last four billion years.
description: 38 pages, 25 figures, MNRAS Accepted
A structuralist model of the small open economy in the short, medium and long run
Creators: name: Hoon, Hian Teck
name: Phelps, Edmund S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: In open-economy macroeconomics there is a monetary model in the Keynesian tradition that is deemed serviceable for analyzing the short run and there is a nonmonetary neoclassical theory thought capable of handling the long run. But do the Keynesian and neoclassical models meet the challenges thrown out by the main events of the past few decades-the '80s shock to Europe taking the form of an external jump in real interest rates; the sort of shock experienced in the U.S. and parts of northern Europe in the second half of the '90s: the emerging prospect of new industries in the future creating increased needs for capital; and what may have been a major shock of the '60s: the large Kennedy tax cut, mostly the reduction in income taxes, enacted in the U.S. in 1964? We suggest that the effects of these shocks on the open economy are not well portrayed by either the standard Keynesian model or by standard neoclassical theory. We then provide a careful development of a nonmonetary model of the equilibrium path of the real exchange rate, and natural output, employment and interest based on trading frictions in the goods market, and compare its implications not only over the medium run but for the short run and the long run as well.
A Hierarchical Associative Architecture for the Parallel Evaluation of Relational Algebraic Database Primitives
Creators: name: Shaw, David Elliot
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1979
Subjects: Computer storage devices--Mathematical models
Computer science
Computer science--Mathematics
Database management--Mathematical models

description: Algorithms are described and analyzed for the efficient evaluation of the primitive operators of a relational algebra on a proposed non-von Neumann machine based on a hierarchy of associative storage devices. In many cases of practical, import, the proposed architecture may also permit a significant improvement (by device) over the performance of previously implemented or proposed database machine architectures based on associative secondary storage devices.
Description of a domain by a squeezed state in a scalar field theory
Creators: name: Ishihara, Masamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The author attempted to describe a domain by using a squeezed state in quantum field theory. An extended squeeze operator was used to construct the state. In a scalar field theory, the author described a domain that the distributions of the condensate and of the fluctuation are Gaussian. The momentum distribution, chaoticity and correlation length were calculated. It was found that the typical value of the momentum is about the inverse of the domain size, and that the chaoticity reflects the ratio of the size of the squeeze region to that of the coherent region. The results indicate that the quantum state of a domain is surmised by these quantities under the assumption that the distributions are Gaussian. As an example, this method was applied to a pion field, and the momentum distribution and the chaoticity were shown.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, a typographical error in the reference is corrected
Apocalypticism in postwar Japanese fiction
Creators: name: Tanaka, Motoko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation discusses modern Japanese apocalyptic fiction in novels, manga narratives, and animated films. It begins with an overview of the apocalyptic tradition from ancient times to the modern day, and reveals the ways in which apocalyptic narratives have changed due to major socio-cultural transitions. It focuses on two themes of apocalyptic narratives: the relationship between self and Other; and the opposition of conflicting values such as life/death and natural/artificial. Through a close study of these themes in apocalyptic fictions in postwar Japan, it becomes clear that such narratives primarily target a male audience and function as a tool to stabilize the damaged identities of the nation and the modern individual after the defeat in World War II. The study focuses on the period of transition after the end of World War II: Until the 1970s, Japanese apocalyptic narratives, targeting adult men, attempted to bring ideals into reality in order to reestablish the damaged national identity. The failures of social movements in the 1960s meant that it was no longer possible for Japanese to participate in real movements that aimed to counter the United States as threatening Other. This is reflected in the shift in apocalyptic narratives from the 1980s onward toward quests for ideals in fictional settings, targeted at younger males. After 1995, the Japanese apocalypse becomes totally postmodernized and explicitly targeted at young boys. Apocalypse after 1995 features characters who lack serious interpersonal relationships and those who inhabit an endless and changeless simulacrum world. It becomes difficult for the youth to establish their identities as mature members of society, for they are increasingly losing their connections with the wider community. In the contemporary Japanese apocalypse, there is no one left but a hypertrophic self-consciousness. This raises the question of whether it is possible for contemporary Japan to become fully mature. Japanese postmodern apocalyptic narratives suggest two different responses: one is to affirm that Japan is an eternally impotent adolescent state that tries to criticize power by subversively manipulating its relationships with the powerful. The other is to wait for an infinitesimal change of maturity in mundane daily life.
Additional file 1 of A large prospective investigation of outdoor light at night and obesity in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Creators: name: Zhang, Dong
name: Jones, Rena R.
name: Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M.
name: Jia, Peng
name: James, Peter
name: Xiao, Qian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Cross-sectional Relationship between LAN and odds of obesity at baseline (N = 239,781). Table S2. The association between LAN at baseline and changes in weight between baseline and follow up. Table S3. Prospective association a between baseline LAN and risk of developing obesity at follow-up among non-obese women (N = 75,899) at baseline according to subgroups with different education, race, and neighborhood characteristics. Table S4. Prospective association a between baseline LAN and risk of developing obesity at follow-up among non-obese men (N = 114,305) at baseline according to different education, race, and neighborhood characteristics.
The Exozodiacal Dust Problem for Direct Observations of ExoEarths
Creators: name: Roberge, Aki
name: Chen, Christine H.
name: Millan-Gabet, Rafael
name: Weinberger, Alycia J.
name: Hinz, Philip M.
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Kuchner, Marc J.
name: Bryden, Geoffrey
name: Team, the NASA ExoPAG SAG #1
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Debris dust in the habitable zones of stars - otherwise known as exozodiacal dust - comes from extrasolar asteroids and comets and is thus an expected part of a planetary system. Background flux from the Solar System's zodiacal dust and the exozodiacal dust in the target system is likely to be the largest source of astrophysical noise in direct observations of terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. Furthermore, dust structures like clumps, thought to be produced by dynamical interactions with exoplanets, are a possible source of confusion. In this paper, we qualitatively assess the primary impact of exozodical dust on high-contrast direct imaging at optical wavelengths, such as would be performed with a coronagraph. Then we present the sensitivity of previous, current, and near-term facilities to thermal emission from debris dust at all distances from nearby solar-type stars, as well as our current knowledge of dust levels from recent surveys. Finally, we address the other method of detecting debris dust, through high-contrast imaging in scattered light. This method is currently far less sensitive than thermal emission observations, but provides high spatial resolution for studying dust structures. This paper represents the first report of NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program Analysis Group (ExoPAG).
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in PASP 2012-06-07
Arguments towards a c-theorem from branch-point twist fields
Creators: name: Castro-Alvaredo, Olalla A.
name: Doyon, Benjamin
name: Levi, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental quantity in 1+1 dimensional quantum field theories is Zamolodchikov's c-function. A function of a renormalization group distance parameter r that interpolates between UV and IR fixed points, its value is usually interpreted as a measure of the number of degrees of freedom of a model at a particular energy scale. The c-theorem establishes that c(r) is a monotonically decreasing function of r and that its derivative may only vanish at quantum critical points. At those points c(r) becomes the central charge of the conformal field theory which describes the critical point. In this letter we argue that a different function proposed by Calabrese and Cardy, defined in terms of the two-point function of a branch point twist field and the trace of the stress-energy tensor, has exactly the same qualitative features as c(r).
description: 10 pages
New Licensing Models for Online Music Services in the European Union: From Collective to Customized Management
Creators: name: Mazziotti, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Copyright
Copyright clearinghouses
License agreements
Internet
Electronic commerce
Internet--Law and legislation
Music
Intellectual property

description: A few years after the enactment and the implementation in the Member States of the European Union of the most comprehensive directive for the harmonization of national copyright laws in the so-called "Information Society", the European Commission started reviewing how copyright and related rights were being commercially exploited in the digital environment. Unsurprisingly, in 2005 the Commission eventually realized that copyright management gave rise to licensing practices that segmented the so-called "Internal Market" on a strictly in-territorial basis, in spite of the borderless nature of Webbased environments. From then onwards, the Commission has been in search of solutions to tackle economic inefficiencies stemming from territorial restrictions in copyright management and to eventually boost the growth of legitimate online content services, starting with music services.
To Waive and Waive Not: Property and Flexibility in the Digital Era: 23rd Annual Horace S. Manges Lecture, April 6, 2010
Creators: name: Merges, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Waiver
Copyright
Technology
Intellectual property

description: Even in an era when creative works can sometimes be made collectively, and where copying and modifying existing works is often easy, individual ownership of discrete creative works still makes sense. Individual creative effort is still the crucial ingredient for many high quality works, and the control conferred by ownership is often the most efficient, and even more frequently the most fair, social arrangement. Even so, a common argument against property rights in the digital era is that they come with a heavy transactional burden. The need to clear permission to use digital works is said to impede the potential of high velocity distribution models and participatory creative efforts. Too many property rights, too many clearance and licensing deals, too much friction in the great digital creativity machine—all stand in the way of progress. There are, broadly speaking, three solutions to the problem. First, society can cut back on the number of property rights, or rework the structure of rights with an eye toward transactional efficiencies. Second, right holders or society in general can invest in rights clearance mechanisms that make it easier for users and consumers of rights-protected works to transact more efficiently. Third, legal rules can be tailored to make it easier for right holders to commit to a binding non-enforcement of their rights. The purpose of this brief Article is to explore in some depth this third option. I begin by describing how waiver contributes to the supple texture of property rights, making it easy for individuals to exercise choices after rights have been granted. This is, in my view, a cornerstone feature of property rights, and one of their chief advantages over other entitlements and incentive regimes. Next, I show how waiver fits with other basic features of property rights. I argue that waiver can be thought of as an aspect of the structure of rights, as well as a (particularly simple) rights clearance mechanism. Finally, I describe some simple ideas that could clarify knotty issues surrounding legal requirements for waiver of intellectual property rights. The most important are: 1) binding, easily verified waiver mechanisms that are "good against the world"; and 2) scope of waiver rules that make it simple for right holders to selectively waive rights, for example, permitting some uses and not others. I conclude with a call for more attention to the waiver strategy as a way of retaining our traditional commitment to property while easing the transactional burden that property rights entail.
Varsity Blues: A Call to Reconfigure the Judicial Standard for High School Athletic Association Transfer Rules
Creators: name: Bui, Van Ann
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: School sports
subject: Sports--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: On any given day of the week, hundreds of thousands of high school students can be found training for or competing in any number of interscholastic sports. For many teenagers, interscholastic sports are a crucial component of the high school experience. Among other benefits, participation in sports provides a welcome break from academic stress and offers an outlet for students to interact and socialize with schoolmates outside of the classroom. Participation in interscholastic sports also provides an opportunity for students to maintain a healthy, active lifestyle while also providing a structured environment for students to learn such values as teamwork and cooperation, healthy competition, self-discipline and responsibility. Because students benefit tremendously from participation in these activities, it is important to protect the ability of students to take part in them.
The knob of the discord
Creators: name: Amarante, Massimiliano
name: Maccheroni, Fabio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Economics

description: For (S, Î£) a measurable space, let C1 and C2 and be convex, weak* closed sets of probability measures on Î£. We show that if C1 âˆª C2 satisfies the Lyapunov property, then there exists a set A âˆˆ Î£ such that minÎ¼1 âˆˆ C1 Î¼1(A) > maxÎ¼2 âˆˆ C2 (A). We give applications to Maxmin Expected Utility and to the core of a lower probability.
Deriving quantum theory from its local structure and reversibility
Creators: name: de la Torre, Gonzalo
name: Masanes, Lluis
name: Short, Anthony J.
name: Mueller, Markus P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the class of physical theories with the same local structure as quantum theory, but a potentially different global structure. It has previously been shown that any bipartite correlations generated by such a theory must be simulatable in quantum theory, but that this does not hold for tripartite correlations. Here we explore whether imposing an additional constraint on this space of theories - that of dynamical reversibility - will allow us to recover the global quantum structure. In the particular case in which the local systems are identical qubits, we show that any theory admitting at least one continuous reversible interaction must be identical to quantum theory.
description: 4 pages
Energy dependence of elliptic flow of $ϕ$-meson in STAR at RHIC
Creators: name: Nasim, Md.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the measurement of elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) for the $ϕ$-meson in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5 and 39 GeV. At low $p_{T}$ $ϕ$-meson $v_{2}$ decreases with decrease in beam energy. The number of constituent quark ($n_{\rm{cq}}$) scaled $v_{2}$ for $ϕ$-meson vs ($m_{T} - m_{0}$)/$n_{\rm{cq}}$ follows similar trend as other hadrons for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 39 GeV whereas the $n_{\rm{cq}}$ scaled $v_{2}$ for $ϕ$-mesons follows a different trend compared to the other hadrons at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 11.5 GeV.
description: Conference proceedings for Strangeness in Quark Matter 2011, Cracow, Poland, September 18-24, 2011
Effect of degree correlations above the first shell on the percolation transition
Creators: name: Valdez, L. D.
name: Buono, C.
name: Braunstein, L. A.
name: Macri, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of degree-degree correlations to model realistic networks which are characterized by their Pearson's coefficient, has become widespread. However the effect on how different correlation algorithms produce different results on processes on top of them, has not yet been discussed. In this letter, using different correlation algorithms to generate assortative networks, we show that for very assortative networks the behavior of the main observables in percolation processes depends on the algorithm used to build the network. The different alghoritms used here introduce different inner structures that are missed in Pearson's coefficient. We explain the different behaviors through a generalization of Pearson's coefficient that allows to study the correlations at chemical distances l from a root node. We apply our findings to real networks.
description: In press EPL
Cores of non-atomic market games
Creators: name: Amarante, Massimiliano
name: Maccheroni, Fabio
name: Marinacci, M.
name: Montrucchio, L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: We study the cores of non-atomic market games, a class of transferable utility cooperative games introduced by Aumann and Shapley [2], and, more in general, of those games that admit a na-continuous and concave extension to the set of ideal coalitions, studied by Einy, Moreno, and Shitovitz [12]. We show that the core of such games is norm compact and we provide some representation results. We also give a Multiple Priors interpretation of some of our results.We study the cores of non-atomic market games, a class of transferable utility cooperative.
Improved stove adoption in the Northern Peruvian Andes
Creators: name: Agurto Adrianzén, Marcos Miguel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation examines outcomes from a development intervention which introduced improved cooking stoves into the rural communities of the Chalaco District, in the Northern Peruvian Andes. The first chapter introduces the dissertation; it presents the intervention’s context and discusses the social capital concept and how it was measured. The second chapter confirms the informational role of village social capital. It explores how bonding social capital and village-level technology usage patterns mutually influence information diffusion during the initial adoption stages of a new cooking device. The results indicate that the effect of village usage patterns on the household’s usage decision is significantly higher in villages with higher levels of bonding social capital, and that the marginal impact of bonding links on the usage decision may be negative if village success in stove usage at initial adoption stages is relatively low. Social capital indicators were collected before the intervention; therefore, reverse causality should not be critical for identification purposes. Village unobservables are not likely to drive the main results; the effect of village usage patterns on the decision to dismantle the improved stove is also increasing in bonding social capital. The third chapter estimates the effect of the improved stove on firewood consumption during the winter season. To identify the impact of stove usage, it exploits random differences in stoves’ material quality. Given this, an indicator of iron frame failure is used as an instrument to predict stove adoption to determine the causal effect of this device. The instrumental variable results indicate that improved stove usage significantly reduces firewood consumption by approximately 40%. The fourth chapter analyses the impact of the new device on health indicators typically affected by indoor air pollution (IAP). To identify the causal impact of improved stove usage, I follow the same identification strategy discussed in chapter three. The results indicate that improved stove usage, with an operative chimney, reduces self-reported respiratory illness and eye discomfort symptoms. These results are only for housewives, who are more likely to be exposed to IAP. No significant health effects were found for housewives using the improved stove without an operative chimney.