cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing maximum energy of cosmic rays in SNR through gamma rays and neutrinos from the molecular clouds around SNR W28
Creators: name: Banik, Prabir
name: Bhadra, Arunava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The galactic cosmic rays are generally believed to be originated in supernova remnants (SNRs), produced in diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) process in supernova blast waves driven by expanding SNRs. One of the key unsettled issue in SNR origin of cosmic ray model is the maximum attainable energy by a cosmic ray particle in the supernova shock. Recently it has been suggested that an amplification of effective magnetic field strength at the shock may take place in young SNRs due to growth of magnetic waves induced by accelerated cosmic rays and as a result the maximum energy achieved by cosmic rays in SNR may reach the knee energy instead of $\sim 200$ TeV as predicted earlier under normal magnetic field situation. In the present work we investigate the implication of such maximum energy scenarios on TeV gamma rays and neutrino fluxes from the molecular clouds interacting with the SNR W28. The authors compute the gamma-ray and neutrino flux assuming two different values for the maximum energy reached by cosmic rays in the SNR, from CR interaction in nearby molecular clouds. Both protons and nuclei are considered as accelerated particles and as target material. Our findings suggest that the issue of the maximum energy of cosmic rays in SNRs can be observationally settled by the upcoming gamma-ray experiment the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The estimated neutrino fluxes from the molecular clouds are , however, out of reach of the present/near future generation of neutrino telescopes.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Manifestations of high density QCD in the first RHIC data
Creators: name: Kharzeev, D.
name: Levin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a simple analytical scaling function which embodies the predictions of high density QCD on the energy, centrality, rapidity, and atomic number dependences of hadron multiplicities in nuclear collisions. Both centrality and rapidity dependences of hadron multiplicity in $Au-Au$ collisions as measured at RHIC at $\sqrt{s}= 130 {GeV}$ are well described in this approach. The centrality and rapidity dependences of hadron multiplicity at $\sqrt{s}= 200 \ {GeV}$ run at RHIC are predicted; the variation of these dependences with energy appear different from other approaches, and can be used as an important test of the ideas based on parton saturation and classical Chromo-Dynamics.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures; final journal version - 3 typos corrected, discussion extended
Additional file 1: of The anatomy and development of the nervous system in Magelonidae (Annelida) â insights into the evolution of the annelid brain
Creators: name: Beckers, Patrick
name: Helm, Conrad
name: Bartolomaeus, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Magelona alleni, histological cross sections (5â Îźm), Masson-Goldner Trichrome, frontal (A) to caudal (C). A: The brain (br) surrounds the frontally located coelomic cavities (co). Intermediate filaments (if) run through the neuropil. B: More posterior the brain consist of a dorsal part (dpbr) which gives rise to dorsolateral parts of the brain (dlpbr) which connect the dorsal brain to the ventral part of the brain. mo: mouth opening. C: More posterior the cns is composed of paired lateral medullary cord (lmc) which run caudally rectangular to the brain inside the epidermis (ep). Giant fibres (gf) initially are small. A cluster of enlarged neurons (S3) is present in the dorso- lateral part. bl: basal lamina; if: intermediate filaments. (PDF 10348 kb)
Observational signatures of end-dominated collapse in the S242 filamentary structure
Creators: name: Dewangan, Lokesh K.
name: Pirogov, Lev E.
name: Ryabukhina, Olga L.
name: Ojha, Devendra K.
name: Zinchenko, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new CO (13CO(1-0) and C18O(1-0)) and CS(2-1) line observations of an elongated filamentary structure (length ~30 pc) in the star-forming site S242, which were taken with the OSO-20m telescope. One filament's end hosts the S242 HII region, while the other end contains Planck cold clumps. Several sub-regions are identified in the filament, and are supersonic with Mach number of 2.7-4.0. The study of the dynamical states shows supercritical nature of the sub-regions (except central part), which could not be supported by a combination of thermal and turbulent motions. Young stellar objects are seen toward the entire filament, but more concentrated toward its ends. Dense molecular cores are observed mainly toward the filament ends, and are close to virial equilibrium. Position-velocity plots trace velocity gradients (~1 km/s/pc) toward both the ends. An oscillatory pattern in velocity is also observed toward the filament, indicating its fragmentation. The collapse timescale of the filament is computed to be ~3.5 Myr. Using the 13CO data, the structure function in velocity of the filament is found to be very similar as seen in the Musca cloud for lags ~1-3 pc, and deviates from the Larson's velocity-size relationship. The observed oscillatory pattern in the structure function at higher lags suggests the existence of large-scale and ordered velocity gradients as well as the fragmentation process through accretion along the filament. Considering all the observed results along with their uncertainties, the S242 filament is a very good example of the end-dominated collapse.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Megalinus tangi Bordoni 2013, sp. nov.
Creators: name: ZHOU, YU-LINGZI
name: BORDONI, ARNALDO
name: ZHOU, HONG-ZHANG
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Megalinus
Megalinus tangi

description: Megalinus tangi Bordoni, sp. nov.
(Fig. 2C; Fig. 7-1A–E)
 Type materials. Holotype: male, CHINA: Xizang: Motuo Co.: Hanmi, 2200 m, 19.VIII.2005, Tang Liang collected (CT); paratype: one male, same data as holotype (CB).
description: Published as part of ZHOU, YU-LINGZI, BORDONI, ARNALDO & ZHOU, HONG-ZHANG, 2013, Taxonomy of the genus Megalinus Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Xantholinini) and seven new species from China, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 3727 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3727.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10099790
Markets and development
Creators: name: Kuroda, Haruhiko
name: Kuroda, Haruhiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This Keynote Address gives a high-level overview of the issues of social and economic development facing the region. Markets have played a significant role in advancing economic and social development in developing Asia, in terms of structural transformation as economies move from agrarian and small scale economies. Structure and forms of markets also have evolved. Asia’s agriculture and food systems revolution is one of the most illustrative examples. Moving ahead, a continuing strategic concern is about making markets work in the public policy interest of inclusive and sustainable growth.
Quantum Clock Synchronization: a Multi-Party Protocol
Creators: name: Krco, Marko
name: Paul, Prabasaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-party quantum clock synchronization protocol that utilizes shared prior entanglement and broadcast of classical information to synchronize spatially separated clocks. Notably, it is necessary only for any one party to publish classical information. Consequently, the efficacy of the method is independent of the relative location of the parties. The suggested protocol is robust and does not require precise sequencing of procedural steps.
description: 3 pages
The global rise and impact of supermarkets: an international perspective
Creators: name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: A ‘supermarket revolution’ has occurred in developing countries in the past two decades. We focus on three specific issues that reflect the impact of this revolution, particularly in Asia: continuity in transformation, innovation in transformation, and unique development strategies. First, the record shows that the rapid growth observed in the early 2000s in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand has continued, and the ‘newcomers’ — India and Vietnam — have grown even faster. Although foreign direct investment has been important, the roles of domestic conglomerates and even state investment have been significant and unique. Second, Asia’s supermarket revolution has exhibited unique pathways of retail diffusion and procurement system change. There has been ‘precocious’ penetration of rural towns by rural supermarkets and rural business hubs, emergence of penetration of fresh produce retail that took much longer to initiate in other regions, and emergence of Asian retail developing-country multinational chains. In procurement, a symbiosis between modern retail and the emerging and consolidating modern food processing and logistics sectors has arisen. Third, several approaches are being tried to link small farmers to supermarkets. Some are unique to Asia, for example assembling into a ‘hub’ or ‘platform’ or ‘park’ the various companies and services that link farmers to modern markets. Other approaches relatively new to Asia are found elsewhere, especially in Latin America, including ‘bringing modern markets to farmers’ by establishing collection centres and multi-pronged collection cum service provision arrangements, and forming market cooperatives and farmer companies to help small farmers access supermarkets.
Ultrafast nematic-orbital excitation in FeSe
Creators: name: Shimojima, T.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Nakamura, A.
name: Mitsuishi, N.
name: Kasahara, S.
name: Shibauchi, T.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Ishida, Y.
name: Shin, S.
name: Ishizaka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic nematic phase is an unconventional state of matter that spontaneously breaks the rotational symmetry of electrons. In iron-pnictides/chalcogenides and cuprates, the nematic ordering and fluctuations have been suggested to have as-yet-unconfirmed roles in superconductivity. However, most studies have been conducted in thermal equilibrium, where the dynamical property and excitation can be masked by the coupling with the lattice. Here we use femtosecond optical pulse to perturb the electronic nematic order in FeSe. Through time-, energy-, momentum- and orbital-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy, we detect the ultrafast dynamics of electronic nematicity. In the strong-excitation regime, through the observation of Fermi surface anisotropy, we find a quick disappearance of the nematicity followed by a heavily-damped oscillation. This short-life nematicity oscillation is seemingly related to the imbalance of Fe 3dxz and dyz orbitals. These phenomena show critical behavior as a function of pump fluence. Our real-time observations reveal the nature of the electronic nematic excitation instantly decoupled from the underlying lattice.
An analysis of market integration in the pig marketing system in Thailand : 1969-1979
Creators: name: Assawanich, Daranee
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Swine Marketing Thailand
subject: Pork industry and trade Thailand

description: This study describes the pig and pork marketing system in Thailand and attempts to choose an appropriate technique to analyse pig market integration for the period 1969-1979. Many economists who have studied agricultural markets in low income countries have concluded that the marketing systems in those countries are relatively inefficient, whereas anthropologists often conclude the opposite. This study attempts to show how the concept of market integration is useful and can be a proxy to indicate market efficiency especially in low income countries. Because of the unavailability and unreliability of data and the existence of parallel informal and illegal markets, correlation analysis using prices series data only is used in this analysis instead of regression/margins analysis which is normally used in high income countries. Regression analysis was at first used to investigate market integration but was rejected due to the need to specify the direction of causal relationship and because of multicollinearity problems. Absolute and first difference values of price data were then analysed using correlation analysis. Owing to biases caused by trend and seasonal influences in those values, this method was also rejected and the residual value from which the trend and seasonal influences have been removed was then used. Government intervention caused a structural change in the market during the study period. The 'unrestricted area' period and the 'restricted area' period were therefore analysed separately.
Identifying driving factors for the establishment of cooperative GMO-free zones in Germany
Creators: name: Consmuller, Nicola
name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Petrick, Martin
name: Consmuller, Nicola
name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Genetically modified organisms (GMO)
subject: GMO-free zone
subject: econometric analysis
subject: Germany.

description: Since the end of the quasi-moratorium on genetically modified organisms (GMO) in the European Union in 2004, the establishment of GMO-free zones has become an EU wide phenomenon. In contrast to other European countries, Germany follows the concept of cooperative GMO-free zones where neighbouring farmers contractually refrain from GMO cultivation. In this article, we address the question which underlying factors could account for the establishment of cooperative GMO-free zones in Germany. Drawing on the existing literature on spatial agglomeration of different farming systems and the establishment of GMO-free zones, we provide the first systematic study on driving factors for the regional formation of GMO-free zones in Germany. The empirical analysis is based on a unique data set at the federal states level for the years 2004 to 2007. We show that infestation rates with the European Corn Borer, imminent Bt maize cultivation in the near vicinity and the number of arriving tourists mainly account for the establishment of cooperative GMO-free zones. This finding is consistent with the view that it is more the overall rejection of agro-biotechnology by broad strata of the population, including stakeholders in tourism and environmental protection, than economic benefits at the farm level which make German regions establish GMO-free zones.
Small Angular Scale CMB Anisotropies from CBI and BIMA: Early Universe or Local structures ?
Creators: name: Cooray, Asantha
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of high resolution cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments now allows studies on the temperature fluctuations at scales corresponding to few arcminutes and below. Though the reported excess power at $\ell \sim 2000 - 6000$ by CBI and BIMA is roughly consistent with a secondary contribution resulting from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, this requires a higher normalization for the matter power spectrum than measured by other means. In addition to a local red-shift contribution, another strong possibility for anisotropies at very small scales involve non-standard aspects of inflationary models. To distinguish between contributions from early universe and local structures, including a potential point source contribution, and to understand the extent to which structures at low red-shifts contribute to small scale temperature anisotropies, it maybe necessary to perform a combined study involving CMB and the large scale structure. We suggest a cross-correlation of the temperature data with a map of the large scale structure, such as the galaxy distribution. For next generation small angular scale CMB experiments, multi-frequency observations may be a necessary aspect to allow an additional possibility to distinguish between these different scenarios.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Revised version. To appear in Phys. Rev. D
A NOTE ON MEASURING THE DEPTH OF MINIMUM WAGE VIOLATION
Creators: name: Bhorat, Haroon
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Mayet, Natasha
name: Bhorat, Haroon
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Mayet, Natasha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Minimum Wage
subject: Depth of Violation
subject: South Africa

description: In the empirical literature on minimum wage enforcement, the standard approach is to measure the number of violations, not their depth. In this paper we present a family of violation indices which, by analogy with poverty indices, can emphasize the depth of violation to different degrees. The standard measure is a special case of this family of indices, but other members of the family highlight the depth of violation. We present an application to South Africa to show that the depth of violation matters, and is not captured by the standard measure in actual situations.
MINIMUM WAGE VIOLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Bhorat, Haroon
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Mayet, Natasha
name: Bhorat, Haroon
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Mayet, Natasha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Minimum Wage Violation
subject: South Africa

description: Minimum wage legislation is central in South African policy discourse, with both strong support and strong opposition. The validity of either position depends, however, on the effectiveness of minimum wage enforcement. Using detailed matching of occupational, sectoral and locational codes in the 2007 Labour Force Survey to the gazetted minimum wages, this paper presents, we believe for the first time, estimates of minimum wage violation in South Africa. Our results give considerable cause for concern. Minimum wage violation is South Africa is disturbingly high. We find that 45% of covered workers get paid wages below the legislated minimum, whilst the average depth of shortfall is 36% of the minimum wage. Around this average, violation is most prevalent in the Security, Forestry and Farming Sectors. We hope that the quantifications in this paper will provide a more solid basis for discussion of minimum wage levels and their enforcement in South Africa.
Additional file 5: of Genome wide transcriptome analysis provides bases on colonic mucosal immune system development affected by colostrum feeding strategies in neonatal calves
Creators: name: He, Zhixiong
name: Fischer, Amanda
name: Song, Yang
name: Steele, Michael
name: Guan, Le
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: WGCNA identification of colonic gene modules correlated with the bacterial abundance. The module-trait relationships indicates the correlation coefficients and p-values (in the brackets). The color scale bar shown in the right represents the Pearson correlation ranging from â â 1 (green) to 1 (red). The bacterial population examined were Lactobacillus from the colon content (lac_C_P), Lactobacillus from the attached colon (lac_T_P), Faecali bacterium prausnitzii from the colon content (fea_C_P), Faecali bacterium prausnitzii from the attached colon (fea_T_P), Bifidobacterium from the colon content (bif_C_P), Bifidobacterium from the attached colon (bif_T_P), which were shown on the bottom. (PDF 8 kb)
The Curious Case of Machine Learning In Malware Detection
Creators: name: Saad, Sherif
name: Briguglio, William
name: Elmiligi, Haytham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we argue that machine learning techniques are not ready for malware detection in the wild. Given the current trend in malware development and the increase of unconventional malware attacks, we expect that dynamic malware analysis is the future for antimalware detection and prevention systems. A comprehensive review of machine learning for malware detection is presented. Then, we discuss how malware detection in the wild present unique challenges for the current state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. We defined three critical problems that limit the success of malware detectors powered by machine learning in the wild. Next, we discuss possible solutions to these challenges and present the requirements of next-generation malware detection. Finally, we outline potential research directions in machine learning for malware detection.
description: 9 pages
Megalinus eremiticus Bordoni 2012
Creators: name: ZHOU, YU-LINGZI
name: BORDONI, ARNALDO
name: ZHOU, HONG-ZHANG
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Megalinus
Megalinus eremiticus

description: Megalinus eremiticus Bordoni, 2012
Bordoni, 2012a: 300 (Type locality: China, Yunnan, Weishan env., 2500 m).
 Type material: male, with labels as follows: “ HOLOTYPUS, Megalinus, eremiticus sp. n., Bordoni det. 2011” / “Cina- Yunnan, Weishan dint. 2500 m, R. Cinotti VIII.200” (CB).
 Distribution. China (Yunnan).
 Remarks. This species could be distinguished from its congeners by: 1) antennae dark brown, basal three antennomeres with both reddish apex and bases; 2) antennomere II longer than III; 3) anterior 2/3 of dorsal surface of head bearing dense small punctures, also on frontal region; 4) admedian row of pronotum consisting of 8–9 punctures; lateral row, curvedly arranged, of 8–9 punctures; 5) mesoscutellum bearing transverse microstriae; 6) interspaces between punctures on abdomen ca. 3–4 punctures’ diameter; 7) surface between two basal transverse carinae of each tergite impunctate, but bearing distinct transverse microstriae; 8) inner sac dark color, tape-like, coiled 3 or 4 times, without large spines.
description: Published as part of ZHOU, YU-LINGZI, BORDONI, ARNALDO & ZHOU, HONG-ZHANG, 2013, Taxonomy of the genus Megalinus Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Xantholinini) and seven new species from China, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 3727 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3727.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10099790
Investigation of a dynamic economic system : the specification of Australian beef cattle supply
Creators: name: Trewin, Ray
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Cattle trade Mathematical modelsAustralia
subject: Cattle trade Economic aspects Australia

description: This thesis is concerned with investigating the practical determination of an appropriate specification for a dynamic economic system, that of Australian beef cattle supply. As such, it may be logically divided into four parts. Part 1, consists of Chapters I, II and III, which are necessary and lengthy scene-setting Chapters in various guises. Chapter I contains a general introduction to practical specification searches and an overview of the thesis. Chapter II and related Appendices develop the chosen application through all its component stages of economic specification, data considerations and econometric specification, introducing some new developments. Chapter III introduces the major quantitative aspects of the specification search for later development. Part 2, made up of Chapters IV, V and VI, concerns those quantitative components that utilise available data and contain the main technical developments of the thesis. Chapter IV considers the diagnostic testing component, especially those related to data questions both individually and jointly. Chapter V considers the model selection component, especially in relation to the comprehensive model made up of individual (non-nested) models. Chapter VI develops extensions to both the components considered that are relevant to the chosen application. Part 3, comprises Chapters VII and VIII, and contains applications of the earlier developments. Chapter VII specifically applies some of the extended techniques that were developed to an empirical example suited to their illustration. Chapter VIII applies the procedures in general to the chosen application that was developed earlier. Part 4, consists of Chapter IX which contains a summary incorporating an overall strategy for specifications searches and brief concluding comments.
Allowed and Forbidden Bipartite Correlations from Thermal States
Creators: name: Guha, Tamal
name: Alimuddin, Mir
name: Parashar, Preeti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong connection between correlations and quantum thermodynamics raises a natural question about the preparation of correlated quantum states from two copies of a thermal qubit. In this work we study the specific forms of allowed and forbidden bipartite correlations. As a consequence, we extend the result to Separable (SEP) but not Absolutely Separable (AbSEP) class of product states. Preparation of a general form of entanglement from arbitrary thermal qubits is studied and as an application we propose a strategy to establish sustained entanglement between two distant parties. The threshold temperature to produce entanglement from two copies of a thermal qubit has also been discussed from the resource theoretic perspective, which ensures that the bound on the temperature can be superseded with the help of a resource state. A dimension dependent upper-bound on the temperature is derived, below which two copies of any d-dimensional thermal state can be entangled in 2xd dimension.
description: 8+3pages, 5figures
A simple out-of-equilibrium field theory formalism ?
Creators: name: Gelis, F.
name: Schiff, D.
name: Serreau, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we determine a condition of applicability of a very simple formalism for the calculation of a fast process taking place in a non-equilibrium medium, in which the particle distribution functions are frozen in time. Indeed, a well known obstacle for the use of such a naive formalism is the appearance of the so-called ``pinch singularities''. We argue that these potentially dangerous terms can be regularized, and that they are negligible if the characteristic time-scale of the process under study is small compared to the relaxation time of the system.
description: Latex, 5 pages, no figures
THE DETERMINANTS OF MINIMUM WAGE VIOLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Bhorat, Haroon
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Mayet, Natasha
name: Bhorat, Haroon
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Mayet, Natasha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Minimum Wage
subject: Depth of Violation
subject: South Africa

description: This paper investigates the determinants of non-compliance or violation of minimum wage legislation in South Africa, a country where violation is high, at just under 50 percent. The number of labour inspectors per capita is used as a proxy for enforcement, whilst non-compliance is measured using an index of violation that measures both the proportion of individuals violated, as well as the depth of violation of an individual. Due to the potential simultaneity between enforcement and compliance, the number of labour inspectors is instrumented by the number of non-inspectors. The results suggest that there are a variety of factors impacting on violation, including firm-level, sectoral and spatial characteristics. One of the key determinants of violation is found to be the local unemployment rate.
Gravitational edge modes: From Kac-Moody charges to Poincaré networks
Creators: name: Freidel, Laurent
name: Livine, Etera R.
name: Pranzetti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the canonical framework for general relativity in its connection-vierbein formulation, recasting the Gauss law, the Bianchi identity and the space diffeomorphism bulk constraints as conservation laws for boundary surface charges, respectively electric, magnetic and momentum charges. Partitioning the space manifold into 3D regions glued together through their interfaces, we focus on a single domain and its punctured 2D boundary. The punctures carry a ladder of Kac-Moody edge modes, whose 0-modes represent the electric and momentum charges while the higher modes describe the stringy vibration modes of the 1D-boundary around each puncture. In particular, this allows to identify missing observables in the discretization scheme used in loop quantum gravity and leads to an enhanced theory upgrading spin networks to tube networks carrying Virasoro representations. In the limit where the tubes are contracted to 1D links and the string modes neglected, we do not just recover loop quantum gravity but obtain a more general structure: Poincaré charge networks, which carry a representation of the 3D diffeomorphism boundary charges on top of the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ fluxes and gauge transformations.
description: 43 pages + 11 pages (appendix & bibliography)
AVOIDING INFORMALITY TRAPS
Creators: name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Kanbur, Ravi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Despite historically high rates of economic growth in South Asia over the last two decades, the extent of informality remains large and widespread. This paper asks why that is, why informality needs to be addressed, and how it can be addressed. The central thrust of this paper is to emphasize the heterogeneity of the informality discourse. While informality has a core commonality of concern in analysis and policy, there are diverse conceptualizations, diverse empirical measurements, diverse causal channels and theories of informality, and diverse policy concerns. For policy, the single most important conclusion is that there is no single overarching policy intervention to address the concerns that arise with informality, and that a range of interventions need to be examined and implemented. These include: policies that induce fast growth whose sectoral patterns make it highly labor absorbing; extending coverage of state protections to informal workers while reviewing existing regulations to enhance their flexibility and implementation; direct measures to increase the productivity and incomes of enterprises in the informal sector, which includes targeted measures of training and enterprise support as well as general measures of bringing legal and other state infrastructure support to these enterprises; better enforcement of regulations that do exist, and assessing enforcement possibilities before regulations are passed.
THE ECONOMICS OF AFRICA
Creators: name: Aryeetey, Ernest
name: Devarajan, Shantayanan
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Kasekende, Louis
name: Aryeetey, Ernest
name: Devarajan, Shantayanan
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Kasekende, Louis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: International Development
Political Economy

description: This compendium of entries on the economics of Africa provides thematic and country perspectives by more than 100 leading economic analysts of Africa. The contributors include: the best of young African researchers based in Africa; renowned academics from the top universities in Africa, Europe and North America; present and past Chief Economists of the African Development Bank; present and past Chief Economists for Africa of the World Bank; present and past Chief Economists of the World Bank; African Central Bank Governors and Finance Ministers; and four recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Other than the requirement that the entry be analytical and not polemical, the contributors were given freedom to put forward their particular perspective on a topic. The entries are not therefore surveys of the literature. Rather, they constitute a picture of the concerns of modern economics as it is applied to African problems, as seen by the leading economists working on Africa.
Non-tariff measures in international coffee trade
Creators: name: Almeida, Fernanda Maria De
name: Gomes, Marilia Fernandes Maciel
name: Silva, Orlando Monteiro Da
name: Almeida, Fernanda Maria De
name: Gomes, Marilia Fernandes Maciel
name: Silva, Orlando Monteiro Da
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Coffee
subject: international trade
subject: non-tariff measures
subject: gravity model.

description: This paper is focused on analyzing notification effects on TBT and SPS Agreements of worldwide green coffee exports. A gravity model was used to estimate Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) panel data, which considered the trade flow to be zero. Results indicated that notifications TBT would negatively affect coffee exports during the period from 1996 to 2010, but SPS notifications not.
Aerosol contents at an altitude of ~2 km in central Himalayas
Creators: name: Sagar, Ram
name: Kumar, B.
name: Pant, P.
name: Dumka, U. C.
name: Moorthy, K. K.
name: Sridharan, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aerosols, both natural and anthropogenic, play an important role in the atmospheric science, by imparting radiative forcing and perturbing the radiative balance of the Earth atmosphere system as well as by degrading the environment. To understand the effect of aerosols on our geo/biosphere system, it is essential to characterize their physical and chemical properties regionally because of the regional nature of their properties and the short lifetime. As most of the aerosol sources are of terrestrial origin the variability of their properties will be very large close to the surface. At higher altitudes, above the mixing region, and in the free troposphere, the aerosol characteristics have a more synoptic perspective; would be indicative of the background level and are useful to understand long-term impacts. Such systematic measurements of aerosols at high altitudes are practically non-existing in India. Realising the potential and need for such studies, an activity has been initiated at Manora Peak, Nainital in the Shivalik Hills of Central Himalayas at an altitude of $\sim$2 km. The present paper provides the preliminary results of these aerosol measurements. These daytime measurements are compared with the existing earlier nighttime measurements.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
MIGRATION SELECTIVITY AND THE EVOLUTION OF SPATIAL INEQUALITY
Creators: name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Rapoport, Hillel
name: Kanbur, Ravi
name: Rapoport, Hillel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Migration
subject: migration selectivity
subject: human capital formation
subject: convergence

description: The basic neoclassical model of migration suggests that migration is induced by real income differentials across locations and will, ceteris paribus, serve to reduce those differentials. And yet there is evidence on growing spatial inequality despite increased migration from poorer to richer areas. At a theoretical level, one route to addressing this potential inconsistency is to introduce agglomeration effects into the standard neoclassical setup. This paper explores an alternative route, based on a theoretical and empirical proposition of the migration literature, namely, that migration is a selective process. Focusing on skilled migration, the paper demonstrates the different forces in play that make selective migration a force for both divergence and convergence, and characterizes where each set of forces dominates. Finally, it explores the consequences for convergence of combining both migration selectivity and agglomeration effects arising from migrant networks.
Additional file 11: of Natural allelic variations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae impact stuck fermentation due to the combined effect of ethanol and temperature; a QTL-mapping study
Creators: name: Marullo, Philippe
name: Durrens, Pascal
name: Peltier, Emilien
name: Bernard, Margaux
name: Mansour, Chantal
name: Dubourdieu, Denis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Details of the gene deletion method. (DOCX 65 kb)
Marketing trends for coconut products in Sri Lanka 1950-1981
Creators: name: Mannapperuma, Sunil Chandra
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Coconut products MarketingSri Lanka

description: The coconut industry occupies an extremely important position in the economy of Sri Lanka. Among the extraordinary number of products derived from the coconut palm,copra, coconut oil, fresh coconuts, desiccated coconut, coir and shell products have high economic significance both in local and export markets. This study has examined some marketing trends in some component parts of the coconut industry. First, a descriptive analysis of the trends and fluctuations in production, processing, pricing and marketing of the major coconut products was undertaken using the national statistics for the country for the period 1950-1981. The aim was to examine major causes of the fluctuations to see which if any are amenable to policy changes. Parallel analysis has been undertaken of kernel products and the by-products. In this study "naive" multivariate supply functions were used to account for annual fluctuations and longer trends in copra and coir fibre supply seperately. The empirical results on copra supply show that a narrowing of the price ratio, between Colombo Retail Price of Fresh Coconuts and Average F.O.B. (Colombo) Price of Coconut Kernel Products would increase the copra supply. Extensive fertilizer distribution policy combined with improved irrigation or moisture retention practices has been highlighted as a strategy towards increasing the copra supply. However the implementation of such practices will depend to a great extent on ensuring that coconut producers obtain a remunerative price for their product. Empirical results on coir fibre supply highlight the necessity of paying attention not only to increasing nominal money values, but also to increasing the real values of fibre products, compared to escalating import prices. The study reveals the necessity for higher attention to be paid for the coconut by-products sector which has been neglected over the past period.
Additional file 1 of Activation of oxytocin receptors in mouse GABAergic amacrine cells modulates retinal dopaminergic signaling
Creators: name: Hu, Songhui
name: Wang, Yurong
name: Han, Xu
name: Dai, Min
name: Zhang, Yongxing
name: Ma, Yuanyuan
name: Weng, Shijun
name: Xiao, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The expression of OxtRs in mouse retina. Fig. S2. Example images showing OxtR-eYFP neurons are Brn3a (A) or melanopsin (B) positive in the GCL. Fig. S3. eYFP+ neurons in Oxtr-Cre; Ai3 mice are mainly GABAergic, but not glycinergic amacrine cells. Fig. S4. Distribution of OxtR-eYFP neurons in Oxtr-Cre; Ai3 mouse retina. Fig. S5. ChAT and CRH ACs are partially co-localized with OxtR-eYFP neurons, and oxytocin elevates DA level. Fig. S6. The effects of oxytocin and OxtR antagonist on the amplitude of ERG b-wave. Fig. S7. Effects of oxytocin on b-wave amplitude in the presence of V1AR or DA receptor antagonists.
Generative artificial intelligence in pedagogical practices: a systematic review of empirical studies (2022–2024)
Creators: name: Xiaoyu, Wang
name: Zainuddin, Zamzami
name: Leng, Chin Hai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: This systematic review explores how generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies have been employed within pedagogical practices from 2022 to 2024, uncovering specific applications, benefits and challenges. This review draws on 28 empirical studies from top high-impact factor journals indexed in the Web of Science under ‘Education & Educational Research’ and ‘Education, Special’ (Journal Citation Reports). The analysis reveals that GenAI could improve instructional efficiency by providing prompt feedback and personalized learning materials, enhancing learners’ engagement and motivation, catalyzing idea generation and developing essential generic skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving. However, key challenges arise concerning potential inaccuracies, bias, threats to academic integrity and questions regarding GenAI’s overall efficacy in teaching and learning. This study suggests that teachers should wisely employ GenAI as a supplementary device, optimizing its advantages and addressing its drawbacks. This shows how important it is for teachers to keep learning and how important it is to look into the long-term effects, untapped uses and compatibility of GenAI with the Sustainable Development Goals, especially when trying to improve education.
Megalinus solivagus Bordoni 2012
Creators: name: ZHOU, YU-LINGZI
name: BORDONI, ARNALDO
name: ZHOU, HONG-ZHANG
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Megalinus
Megalinus solivagus

description: Megalinus solivagus Bordoni, 2012
Bordoni, 2012a: 299 (Type locality: China, Yunnan, Lincang env., 2100 m).
 Type material: male, with labels as follows: “ HOLOTYPUS, Megalinus, solivagus sp. n., Bordoni det. 2011” / “Cina-Yunnan, Lincang dint. 2100 m, R. Cinotti VIII.2008 ” (CB).
 Distribution. China (Yunnan).
 Remarks. This species could be distinguished from its congeners by: 1) head sparsely punctate, interspaces between 2–3 punctures’ diameters, with a median longitudinal region ca. 0.2 mm width; 2) antennomere II distinctly longer than III; 3) admedian row of pronotum consisting of 7–8 punctures; lateral row, curvedly arranged, of 7–8 punctures; 4) anterior angle of pronotum not protruding, but rounded; 5) mesoscutellum shallowly covered with transverse microstriae; 5) each side of elytra bearing 8–9 rows of punctures; 6) interspaces between punctures on abdomen of 3–4 punctures’ diameter; 7) median lobe of aedeagus elliptical, inner sac membranous and dilated towards apex.
description: Published as part of ZHOU, YU-LINGZI, BORDONI, ARNALDO & ZHOU, HONG-ZHANG, 2013, Taxonomy of the genus Megalinus Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Xantholinini) and seven new species from China, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 3727 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3727.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10099790
Speocera griswoldi Li & Li 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Tong, Yanfeng
name: Li, Fengyuan
name: Song, Yang
name: Chen, Haifeng
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Ochyroceratidae
Speocera
Speocera griswoldi

description: Speocera griswoldi Li & Li sp. nov. (Figs 24, 58F)
Material examined. Holotype ♀ (CAS), Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park, Vohiparara, 3.6 km W Ranomafana, sifting leaf litter, primary montane rainforest, 13–14.I.2009 (21º14.243′S, 47º23.842′E), elev. 1150 m, leg. C. Griswold, A. Saucedo & H. Wood.
Etymology. The specific name is named in honor of one of the collectors, Dr. Charles Griswold; name in genitive case.
 Diagnosis. The new species is similar to S. tubularis Li & Li sp. nov. but can be distinguished by the tip of afferent spermathecae which is shaped like a question mark and the bag shaped spermathecae (Figs 24A–B). The tip of the afferent spermathecae of S. tubularis are like large question marks, and they have tubular spermathecae (Figs 48A–B).
Description. Female. Total length 0.91; carapace length 0.44; carapace width 0.37; abdomen length 0.48; abdomen width 0.36. Prosoma: carapace pyriform, narrowing gradually anteriorly; yellow, suffused with a purplish pattern (Fig. 24C); pars cephalica flat; fovea not visible. Sternum yellow, suffused with purplish color, as long as wide (Fig. 24D). Endites light yellow suffused with purplish tinge; with serrula; labium light yellow suffused with purplish tinge. Clypeus nearly vertical; short. Chelicerae light yellow; promargin with a series of six teeth reaching the lamina; retromargin with two very small denticles (Fig. 58F). Eyes: six contiguous eyes, PME smallest, PLE largest, surrounded by black pigmentation (Fig. 24C). Opisthosoma oval; purplish (Fig. 24D). Legs missing. Genitalia. Internal genitalia with afferent spermathecae short, curved, not extending past the sides of the abdomen; tip of the afferent spermathecae shaped like a question mark (Fig. 24B); spermathecae large, bag shaped (Fig. 24A).
Male. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Fengyuan, Song, Yang, Chen, Haifeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2019, Thirty-two new species of the genus Speocera Berland, 1914 (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from China, Madagascar and Southeast Asia, pp. 1-75 in Zoological Systematics 44 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201901, http://zenodo.org/record/5366923
title: Regime failure and the political legitimacy of governments in Ghana : the case of the Acheampong regime, 1972-1979
title: Political legitimacy of governments in Ghana: 1972 to 1979
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Tsamenyi, M.
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Ghana Politics and government 1957-1979

description: This is a study of the politics of Ghana under successive military regimes, those of the National Redemption Council (NRC) and the Supreme Military Council (SMC) between January 1972 and June 1979. The NRC came to power in January 1972 through a coup d'etat led by Colonel I.K. Acheampong which toppled the elected Progress Party (PP) government of Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia. In October 1975, the NRC was supplanted by the SMC, and reconstituted in July 1978 under the leadership of General F.W.K. Akuffo.