Diura washingtoniana
Creators: name: Nelson, Charles H.
name: Nelson, C. Riley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Diura
Diura washingtoniana

description: <i>Diura washingtoniana</i> (Hanson, 1940), species propria Presidential Springfly http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:502549 Figs. 1 - 30 <i>Dictyopterygella washingtoniana</i> Hanson 1940:147. Holotype &amp;male;, (USNM), Lakes of the Clouds, Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, USA <i>Diura nanseni</i> Brinck 1949:65, in part <i>Diura nanseni</i> “ subsp. <i>washingtoniana</i> ” Brinck 1954:199 <i>Diura nanseni</i> Illies 1966:383, in part <i>Diura nanseni</i> Zwick 1973:228, in part <i>Diura nanseni washingtoniana</i> Hitchcock 1974:230 <i>Diura nanseni</i> Stark et al. 1998: 56 <i>Diura nanseni</i> Nelson 2001:616, in part <i>Diura nanseni</i> Kondratieff 2004:152, in part <i>Diura nanseni</i> DeWalt et al. 2017 2018: in part <b>Material examined.</b> Specimens of <i>D</i>. <i>washingtoniana</i> examined for this study are consistent with previous descriptions and illustrations (Hanson 1940, Brinck 1954, Hitchcock 1974, and Kondratieff 2004) of this species: <b>USA</b>; <i>New Hampshire</i>; Coos County, Lakes of the Clouds between Mt. Washington and Mt. Monroe, collector unknown, 4 July 1907, 1&amp;male;, 1&amp;female; (paratopotypes) (CHNC). Same site, D. Arenburg, 17 June 1939, 5&amp;male;, 4&amp;female; (paratopotypes) (CHNC). Same site, C.H. Nelson and E.S. Nelson, 27 June 1996, 4 &amp;male;, 11&amp;female;, 1 mature larva, 16 exuviae (CHNC), 1&amp;male;, 1&amp;female; (BYU), [CRN laboratory photo voucher 4]. <b>Adult habitus</b> General color dark chestnut brown in life and in alcohol (Fig. 1, 11-14). The head dorsum exhibits an almost black X-band with an anterior margin that forms a distinct M-line (Figs. 2, 11). Anterior to the M-line is a lighter area that extends onto the clypeus; in some individuals it is shaped as a vague light M-band. Frontoclypeus with small orange-yellow oval-shaped spot near the base of each antenna and mandible. The interocellular area exhibits an orange-yellow subtriangular spot. The vertex and occiput is dark brown with a broad, longitudinal, orange-yellow, median band adjacent to, but clearly separated from, the interocellular area. Pronotum (Figs. 2, 11) dark brown and exhibiting a uniformly wide longitudinal, orangeyellow, median band. Meso- and metathoracic eusterna (Fig. 3) dark brown with lateral areas slightly more darkly pigmented. The mesothoracic sternum (Fig. 3) with a complete sternacostal suture (ss) separating the basisternum (bs) from the furcasternum (fs). Only the first two abdominal segments divided on each side by a pleural membrane into a separate tergum and sternum. <b>Male.</b> Body Length 10.1 – 15.7 (𝑥 = 11.6) mm (n = 10). Macropterous, forewing length 7.0-8.3 (𝑥 = 7.7) mm (n=9). Tergum 8 (Fig. 4) partially divided by a narrow, longitudinal, pale median strip that extends from near the posterior margin to near the anterior margin; setose and bearing a few blunt, stout sensilla basiconica near the hind margin on each side of the median strip. Tergum 9 (Fig. 4) nearly divided by a pale, narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized area that is a U- or V- shaped at the hind margin and extends anteriorly as a narrow strip to near the front margin; setose with a posterior mesal patch of blunt, stout sensilla basiconica on each side of the median strip (Fig. 4). Tergum 10 in dorsal view (Fig. 4, 12) produced posteriorly; anterior half darker; divided by a paler, narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median strip that from the central broad triangular-shaped area at the posterior margin extends to the anterior margin; setose with a mesal patch of blunt, stout sensilla basiconica on each side of the median strip (Figs. 4, 23). Tergum 10 in lateral view posteromesally somewhat convex (Fig. 5). Epiproct absent. Paraprocts extend from cerci on each side to meet at the median where they abruptly project caudally and are appressed or lie close to each other (Figs. 4, 7). Inner surfaces of paraproct caudal projections membranous with outer surfaces largely sclerotized (Figs. 6, 7) and setose bearing both short as well as long, slender setae. Caudal projections in dorsal and ventral views (Figs. 4, 7, 12) digitate with outer surfaces broadly convex, apices somewhat bulbous; in lateral view (Figs. 5, 6, 13, 24) digitate, appearing boot-like as a result of upturned apices with broadly rounded margins. <b>Female.</b> Body length 11.1 – 16.6 (𝑥 = 14. 7) mm (n = 16). Macropterous, forewing length 8.9 – 11.7 (𝑥 =10.6) mm (n=16). Sternum 8 with mesal area darker than immediate lateral areas. Subgenital plate extends for a short distance over sternum 9 (Figs. 8, 14); shape variable (Fig. 9), lateral margins either broadly rounded or become abruptly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin either evenly rounded or slightly excavated mesally or truncate; ca 3.1 – 4.4 times as wide as long. Sternum 9 bearing two oblique brown bands (Fig. 8). Spermatheca and vagina (Fig. 10) membranous; elongate spermatheca (s) elongate, somewhat sausage-link-shaped, approximately 2.3X longer than wide; spermathecal duct (sd) approximately 0.8X length of vagina (v); spermatheca and duct bearing accessory glands (ag). <b>Larva.</b> Body length estimated from 1 mature larvae and 16 exuviae 14.5 - 16.5 (𝑥 = 15.5) mm. General body color dark brown patterned with light markings; antennae, legs and cerci light brown. Frontoclypeal region (Fig. 15) dark brown, exhibiting a light anterior margin and a light mesolongitudinal spot just anterior to a transverse, light M-band connecting to the median ocellus. Interocellular region bears a mesal light ovalshaped spot and is bordered on each side by a light longitudinal band that extends toward the median ocellus from the lateral ocellus. Between the light longitudinal band and the antennal base of each side there is a small light round spot just anterior to the frontal suture. Vertex and occiput (Fig. 15) dark brown with two oval light bands adjacent to the eyes and between them a transverse triangularshaped light median band; the three light bands are all patterned with dark brown lines. Labrum (Fig. 15) dark with a mid-anterior light spot bordered on each side by a dark brown band. Left mandible (Fig. 25) bearing three major and three minor teeth arranged as follows from dorsal aspect, a group consisting of one major tooth flanked on each side by a minor tooth, followed by a linear arrangement of a minor tooth and two major teeth; the ventralmost major tooth is the largest; teeth lack serrations; a row of acanthae arises from the bases of the three dorsal teeth. Maxillary lacinia triangular; bidentate (Fig. 26), subapical tooth shorter, approximately one-half length of apical tooth; 2 axillary setae at base of subapical tooth; single marginal seta found just below the subapical tooth; inner margin below teeth forms a pronounced shoulder; shoulder and apical third of inner margin below the shoulder bearing setae; scattered sub-marginal setae present. Gills absent. Pronotum (Fig. 15) with margins light; disc dark brown with light reticulate markings on each side of a light median band; anterior and posterior margins bearing row of short setae interspersed with a few long setae; lateral margins with few or no setae (Fig. 27). Mesothoracic and metathoracic nota (Fig. 16) dark brown and from anterior to posterior bearing four rows of light spots; first row bears two somewhat indistinct spots, the second and third each exhibit four spots and the fourth a single longitudinal band. Wingpads light with elongate dark brown markings. Legs (Fig. 17) with dorsal margins of the femur, tibia, and tarsi fringed with long, silky setae. Femur (Fig. 17) outer surface, except for narrow medial band, bearing numerous short thick setae. Tibia (Fig. 17) outer surface with setae on dorsal and ventral areas. Only abdominal segments 1 &amp; 2 divided by a pleural membrane of each side into separate terga and sterna. Abdominal tergal areas (Fig 18) dark brown, each with anterior transverse row of light spots and a lighter posteromesal region. In lateral view paraprocts of mature male larva (Fig. 22) with apical sections narrow, elongate and turned dorsally; those of mature female larva somewhat pyramidshaped with apices directed posteriorly, not narrowed or elongate. Stout setae lining eighth sternal margin of mature male larva interrupted mesally for a very short distance (Fig. 20); interrupted in the mature female larva for longer distance, approximately 0.3 width of segment (Fig. 21). Cercal segments (Fig. 19) with dorsal margins bearing a fringe of long silky setae; posterior margins bearing a whorl of short setae, beginning with segment 16 posterior margin bearing one or two long setae. <b>Egg.</b> Length ca. 450 µm; width ca. 298 µm (n=1). General shape oval (Fig. 28); cross-section triangular (Fig. 29). Collar ring-shaped and stalked (Fig. 30). Anchor plate is mushroom-type of Isobe (1997), in Fig. 30 somewhat dorsally-ventrally compressed covering the collar margins and bearing globular processes. Chorionic surface dotted with numerous, slightly raised, similar-sized rounded protuberances (Figs. 28-30). <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>D</i>. <i>washingtoniana</i> is distinguished by the following combination of features: (1) male tergum 8 partially divided by a narrow, membranous, pale median strip extending from near the posterior margin to near the anterior margin; (2) male tergum 9 nearly divided by a pale, narrow, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized area that is a U- or V- shaped at the hind margin and extends anteriorly as a narrow strip to near the front margin; (3) male tergum 10 divided by a narrow, membranous, pale median strip that from the central, broad membranous triangular-shaped area at the hind margin extends uninterrupted to the front margin; (4) male terga 8 – 10 bearing patches of blunt, stout sensilla basiconica; (5) male paraproct caudal projections in dorsal view with convex outer surfaces; (6) apices of male paraproct caudal projections broadly rounded and upturned to appear boot-like in lateral view.
description: Published as part of <i>Nelson, Charles H. &amp; Nelson, C. Riley, 2018, Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners, pp. 1-29 in Illiesia 14 (1)</i> on pages 4-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4761152
description: {"references": ["Hanson, J. F. 1940. Descriptions of new North American Plecoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 42: 147 - 150.", "Brinck, P. 1949. Studies on Swedish stoneflies (Plecoptera). Opuscula Entomologica, Supplement 11: 12 - 50.", "Brinck, P. 1954. On the classification of the Plecopteran subfamily Perlodinae. Opuscula Entomologica, 19: 190 - 201.", "Illies, J. 1966. Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierreich, 82: I - XXX, 1 - 632, 20 figures. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin.", "Zwick, P. 1973. Insecta: Plecoptera. Phylogenetisches System und Katalog. Das Tierreich 94: I - XXXII, 1 - 465, 75 figures. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.", "Hitchcock, S. W. 1974. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection. Bulletin Number 107: vi + 262 pp.", "Stark, B. P., S. W. Szczytko, &amp; C. R. Nelson. 1998. American Stoneflies: A Photographic Guide to the Plecoptera. The Caddis Press, Columbus, OH. iv + 126 pp.", "Nelson, C. H. 2001. The Yugus bulbosus complex, with a comment on the phylogenetic position of Yugus within the eastern Perlodini (Plecoptera: Perlodidae: Perlodinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103: 601 - 619. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 16178176", "Kondratieff, B. C. 2004. Perlodidae - Perlodinae (the springflies), pp. 149 - 180. In B. P. Stark &amp; B. J. Armitage (eds.), Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Eastern North America. Volume II. Chloroperlidae, Perlidae, and Perlodidae (Perlodinae). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey New Series, 14, vi + 192 pp.", "Isobe, Y. 1997. Anchors of stonefly eggs. Pp. 349 - 361. In Landolt, P. &amp; M. Sartori (eds.), Ephemeroptera &amp; Plecoptera: Biology-Ecology-Systematics. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Ephemeroptera and the Twelfth International Symposium on Plecoptera held in Switzerland, Lausanne-Fribourg 1995. MTL- Mauron + Tinguely &amp; Lachat SA, Fribourg / Switzerland, pp. i-xi, 1 - 569."]}