cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Methods for Non-Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Analysis With Observations Below the Limit of Quantification
Creators: name: Barnett, Helen Yvette
name: Geys, Helena
name: Jacobs, Tom
name: Jaki, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies are conducted to learn about the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes of an externally administered compound by measuring its concentration in bodily tissue at a number of time points after administration. Two methods are available for this analysis: modeling and non-compartmental. When concentrations of the compound are low, they may be reported as below the limit of quantification (BLOQ). This article compares eight methods for dealing with BLOQ responses in the non-compartmental analysis framework for estimating the area under the concentrations versus time curve. These include simple methods that are currently used, maximum likelihood methods, and an algorithm that uses kernel density estimation to impute values for BLOQ responses. Performance is evaluated using simulations for a range of scenarios. We find that the kernel based method performs best for most situations. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Associative spectra of binary operations
Creators: name: Csákány, Béla
name: Waldhauser, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N02

description: The distance of a binary operation from being associative can be "measured" by its associative spectrum, an appropriate sequence of positive integers. Particular instances and general properties of associative spectra are studied.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Aemulus $ν$: Precision halo mass functions in w$ν$CDM cosmologies
Creators: name: Shen, Delon
name: Kokron, Nickolas
name: DeRose, Joseph
name: Tinker, Jeremy
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
name: Banerjee, Arka
name: Collaboration, the Aemulus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise and accurate predictions of the halo mass function for cluster mass scales in $wν{\rm CDM}$ cosmologies are crucial for extracting robust and unbiased cosmological information from upcoming galaxy cluster surveys. Here, we present a halo mass function emulator for cluster mass scales ($\gtrsim 10^{13}M_\odot /h$) up to redshift $z=2$ with comprehensive support for the parameter space of $wν{\rm CDM}$ cosmologies allowed by current data. Based on the Aemulus $ν$ suite of simulations, the emulator marks a significant improvement in the precision of halo mass function predictions by incorporating both massive neutrinos and non-standard dark energy equation of state models. This allows for accurate modeling of the cosmology dependence in large-scale structure and galaxy cluster studies. We show that the emulator, designed using Gaussian Process Regression, has negligible theoretical uncertainties compared to dominant sources of error in future cluster abundance studies. Our emulator is publicly available, providing the community with a crucial tool for upcoming cosmological surveys such as LSST and Euclid.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures; v2: version accepted for publication in JCAP. code available at https://github.com/DelonShen/aemulusnu_hmf
Reaction Diffusion Equations with Nonlinear Boundary Conditions in Narrow Domains
Creators: name: Freidlin, Mark
name: Spiliopoulos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60J60, 60J99, 37A50

description: Second initial boundary problem in narrow domains of width $ε\ll 1$ for linear second order differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions is considered in this paper. Using probabilistic methods we show that the solution of such a problem converges as $ε\downarrow 0$ to the solution of a standard reaction-diffusion equation in a domain of reduced dimension. This reduction allows to obtain some results concerning wave front propagation in narrow domains. In particular, we describe conditions leading to jumps of the wave front.
description: 27 Pages, 3 figures
Longitudinal characterization of the metabolome of dairy cows transitioning from one lactation to the next one: Investigations in the liver
Creators: name: Hosseini Ghaffari, Morteza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300301
subject: Animal growth and development

description: Liver samples from 12 dairy cows were analyzed using the Biocrates MxP® Quant 500 kit with targeted metabolomics. Metabolomic analysis of the liver during early lactation revealed remarkable changes in amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and bile acids. These shifts highlight metabolic adaptations to the increased energy demands of lactation, suggesting metabolic stress and incomplete fatty acid oxidation in the liver.
THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS ON THE CULTIVATION OF SPRING BARLEY IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Creators: name: Zabarna, T.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: spring barley
forecrop
fertiliser
climate
yield.

description: The article reflects the results of the research and reasonably obtained indicators on the effect of hydrothermal conditions on the formation of spring barley yields in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Climatic conditions put us severe obstacles in obtaining the yield of spring crops. Against the background of the beginning of desertification, we may think that this concept applies only to the southern regions, however, this is not true, the climate is changing much faster than we assumed. In general, the assessment of soil and climatic conditions of the VNAU research field indicates that they are sufficiently favorable for the formation of high and sustainable yields of major crops, and above all spring barley, as evidenced by the data we obtained. On average for two years of spring barley cultivation after sunflower predecessor without using mineral fertilizers spring barley yield was 33.7 c/ha of grain. Upon application of N60P60K60 barley yield increased up to 46.0 c/ha. It was highest when 90 kg of nitrogen fertiliser was applied on a phosphorous-potassium background and amounted to 53.9 cwt/ha.
Methods for Non-Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Analysis with Observations below the Limit of Quantification
Creators: name: Barnett, Helen Yvette
name: Geys, Helena
name: Jacobs, Tom
name: Jaki, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies are conducted to learn about the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) processes of an externally administered compound by measuring its concentration in bodily tissue at a number of time points after administration. Two methods are available for this analysis: modelling and non-compartmental (NCA). When concentrations of the compound are low, they may be reported as below the limit of quantification (BLOQ). This paper compares eight methods for dealing with BLOQ responses in the NCA framework for estimating the area under the concentrations versus time curve (AUC). These include simple methods that are currently used, maximum likelihood methods, and an algorithm that uses kernel density estimation to impute values for BLOQ responses. Performance is evaluated using simulations for a range of scenarios. We find that the kernel based method performs best for most situations.
Mass media and political polarization in the United States
Creators: name: Stecula, Dominik Andrzej
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: This dissertation is composed of three papers broadly examining the relationship between the mass media and political polarization in the United States. The first paper examines whether the media might have played a role in the polarization of the American public. Using an automated content analysis of almost 600,000 news articles and transcripts from a variety of prominent news media sources over the past four decades, the paper analyzes whether coverage of ten issues has changed over time along several dimensions of tone (affect, incivility, conflict) and source cues (in particular, whether the media cover increasingly more extreme politicians). The results indicate that the media likely contributed to the process of partisan sorting by increasingly providing the public with partisan signals in the news coverage. There is also some evidence that the media contributed to the affective polarization of the public. The second paper focuses on the nature of media coverage of climate change and its effect on public opinion polarization of climate change attitudes, finding that despite the common perception, the media, including conservative media, did not overwhelmingly promote climate change skeptics, industry groups, or denialist organizations. Instead, the coverage featured an increasing number of partisan cues as the issue rose in salience, which polarized the public. In the third paper, I examine the relationship between climate change attitudes and news media diets. Previous work has focused extensively on Fox News and posits that Fox has been a dominant player in turning the Americans, and especially Republicans, into climate skeptics. Utilizing a large national survey, I find that the relationship is more nuanced than previously argued. Fox News does seem to have a negative eﬀect on supporting governmental action in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, though that eﬀect is limited to a small group of purists stuck in the conservative echo chamber. Most people, and importantly, most Republicans, are not very likely to be members of that group.
Recovery of Quantum Correlations using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Steele, Edward W.
name: Reising, Donald R.
name: Li, Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum sources with strong correlations are essential but delicate resources in quantum information science and engineering. Decoherence and loss are the primary factors that degrade nonclassical quantum correlations, with scattering playing a role in both processes. In this work, we present a method that leverages Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a machine learning technique known for its effectiveness in time-series prediction, to mitigate the detrimental impact of scattering in quantum systems. Our setup involves generating two-mode squeezed light via four-wave mixing in warm rubidium vapor, with one mode subjected to a scatterer to disrupt quantum correlations. Mutual information and intensity-difference squeezing between the two modes are used as metrics for quantum correlations. We demonstrate a 74.7~\% recovery of mutual information and 87.7~\% recovery of two-mode squeezing, despite significant photon loss that would otherwise eliminate quantum correlations. This approach marks a significant step toward recovering quantum correlations from random disruptions without the need for hardware modifications, paving the way for practical applications of quantum protocols.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
On KLT and SYM-supergravity relations from 5-point 1-loop amplitudes
Creators: name: Nastase, Horatiu
name: Schnitzer, Howard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a new non-singular tree-level KLT relation for the $n=5$-point amplitudes, with manifest $2(n-2)!$ symmetry, using information from one-loop amplitudes and IR divergences, and speculate how one might extend it to higher n-point functions. We show that the subleading-color ${\cal N}=4$ SYM 5-point amplitude has leading IR divergence of $1/ε$, which is essential for the applications of this paper. We also propose a relation between the subleading-color ${\cal N}=4$ SYM and ${\cal N}=8$ supergravity 1-loop 5-point amplitudes, valid for the IR divergences and possibly for the whole amplitudes, using techniques similar to those used in our derivation of the new KLT relation.
description: 18 pages, latex, no figures
THE STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF SANICULA EUROPAEA L.
Creators: name: Grytsyk, L.
name: Legin, N.
name: Svirska, S.
name: Grytsyk, A.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: phenolic compounds
tannins
hydroxycinnamic acids
flavonoids
coumarins
herb
Sanicula europaea L.

description: The results of detection of phenolic compounds of Sanicula europaea L. herb using the methods of paper chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry were presented. The content of 14 phenolic compounds in Sanicula europaea L. herb was established. It was investigated that epicatechin gallate is the dominant component among the tannins (11058.63 mg/kg), quercetin – among flavonoids (119.00 mg/kg), rosemary acid – among hydroxycinnamic acids (4933.50 mg/kg). The content of the total polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in Sanicula europaea L. herb was established.
32138: Lockdown and cooking
Creators: name: Project, Lockdown2020 and Beyond
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 479999
subject: Other language, communication and culture not elsewhere classified

description: Usually, my day starts early AM with a walk/jog or an indoor cycle. I am lucky to live in a tiny village that has the countryside I can safely access. Straight into my little home office after a shower and then I'm beavering away at work. So many video conferencing calls and strict time management and overly long days that seem to never end. I miss the days of corridor conversations and little coffees in the kitchen and walking meetings with my colleagues. I miss my motorbike rides and I miss hugging my friends when they feel down. I miss the balance. I enjoy the home-cooked meals, the evening ambles and the extra time with my soulmate is unbelievably precious. Social Media and the news is overwhelming and the mind shuts down with all the negativity. So walks and cooking and enjoyment of what one has. Contentment and happiness with all the blessings I do have. Sadness for how awful things are and will be in the future for so many of us humans.
Longitudinal characterization of the metabolome of dairy cows transitioning from one lactation to the next one: Investigations in the liver
Creators: name: Hosseini Ghaffari, Morteza
name: Sauerwein, Helga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300301
subject: Animal growth and development

description: Liver samples from 12 dairy cows were analyzed using the Biocrates MxP® Quant 500 kit with targeted metabolomics. Metabolomic analysis of the liver during early lactation revealed remarkable changes in amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and bile acids. These shifts highlight metabolic adaptations to the increased energy demands of lactation, suggesting metabolic stress and incomplete fatty acid oxidation in the liver.
Openness Stability and Implicit Multifunction Theorems. Applications to Variational Systems
Creators: name: Durea, Marius
name: Strugariu, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C30, 49J53, 54C60

description: In this paper we aim to present two general results regarding, on one hand, the openness stability of set-valued maps and, on the other hand, the metric regularity behavior of the implicit multifunction related to a generalized variational system. Then, these results are applied in order to obtain, in a natural way, and in a widely studied case, several relations between the metric regularity moduli of the field maps defining the variational system and the solution map. Our approach allows us to complete and extend several very recent results in literature.
description: 21 pages
Direct measurement of darkness using a standard single-photon avalanche photodiode
Creators: name: van der Reep, T. H. A.
name: Molenaar, D.
name: Löffler, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In experiments requiring extreme darkness, such as experiments probing the limits of human vision, assessment of the background photon flux is essential. However, direct measurement thereof with standard single photon detectors is challenged by dark counts and their fluctuations. Here we report an experiment and detailed statistical analysis of a direct measurement of darkness in a dedicated dark chamber suitable for human vision experiments, only using a standard single photon detector and a mechanical shutter. From a Bayesian analysis of $616$ h of data, we find substantial to decisive evidence for absolute darkness (depending on choice of prior distribution) based on the Savage-Dickey ratio, and a light level $<0.039$ cnt/s (posterior $0.95$-highest density interval).
description: 12 pages (including appendices), 7 figures. Accepted version
A Fundamental Line for Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: Nair, Preethi
name: Bergh, Sidney van den
name: Abraham, Roberto G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have shown that massive galaxies in the distant universe are surprisingly compact, with typical sizes about a factor of three smaller than equally massive galaxies in the nearby universe. It has been suggested that these massive galaxies grow into systems resembling nearby galaxies through a series of minor mergers. In this model the size growth of galaxies is an inherently stochastic process, and the resulting size-luminosity relationship is expected to have considerable environmentally-dependent scatter. To test whether minor mergers can explain the size growth in massive galaxies, we have closely examined the scatter in the size-luminosity relation of nearby elliptical galaxies using a large new database (Nair & Abraham 2010) of accurate visual galaxy classifications. We demonstrate that this scatter is much smaller than has been previously assumed, and may even be so small as to challenge the plausibility of the merger driven hierarchical models for the formation of massive ellipticals.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL. Higher resolution figures available at http://www.bo.astro.it/~nair/Morphology/
Digital Twins of Business Processes: A Research Manifesto
Creators: name: Fornari, Fabrizio
name: Compagnucci, Ivan
name: De Donato, Massimo Callisto
name: Bertrand, Yannis
name: Beyel, Harry Herbert
name: Carrión, Emilio
name: Franceschetti, Marco
name: Groher, Wolfgang
name: Grüger, Joscha
name: Kilic, Emre
name: Koschmider, Agnes
name: Leotta, Francesco
name: Li, Chiao-Yun
name: Lugaresi, Giovanni
name: Malburg, Lukas
name: Mangler, Juergen
name: Mecella, Massimo
name: Pastor, Oscar
name: Riss, Uwe
name: Seiger, Ronny
name: Serral, Estefania
name: Torres, Victoria
name: Valderas, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern organizations necessitate continuous business processes improvement to maintain efficiency, adaptability, and competitiveness. In the last few years, the Internet of Things, via the deployment of sensors and actuators, has heavily been adopted in organizational and industrial settings to monitor and automatize physical processes influencing and enhancing how people and organizations work. Such advancements are now pushed forward by the rise of the Digital Twin paradigm applied to organizational processes. Advanced ways of managing and maintaining business processes come within reach as there is a Digital Twin of a business process - a virtual replica with real-time capabilities of a real process occurring in an organization. Combining business process models with real-time data and simulation capabilities promises to provide a new way to guide day-to-day organization activities. However, integrating Digital Twins and business processes is a non-trivial task, presenting numerous challenges and ambiguities. This manifesto paper aims to contribute to the current state of the art by clarifying the relationship between business processes and Digital Twins, identifying ongoing research and open challenges, thereby shedding light on and driving future exploration of this innovative interplay.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Open string pair creation from worldsheet instantons
Creators: name: Schubert, Christian
name: Torrielli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Worldline instantons provide a particularly elegant way to derive Schwinger's well-known formula for the pair creation rate due to a constant electric field in quantum electrodynamics. In this note, we show how to extend this method to the corresponding problem of open string pair creation.
description: 9 pages, no figures
The development of behavior-based traffic conflict indicators through automated traffic safety analysis
Creators: name: Tageldin, Ahmed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Traffic collisions are a severe epidemic that causes the loss of 1.25 million lives worldwide every year, the majority of which are in developing and emerging countries. Traditionally, road safety analysis has been conducted by relying on collision records as the primary source of data. This reactive approach has several shortcomings such as the poor quality of collision data, the long observation periods, the subjectivity of evaluation, and the difficulty in understanding the mechanisms that lead to collisions. These limitations have led to the growing interest in using surrogate safety measures, such as traffic conflicts (i.e., near misses), as a proactive approach to analyzing safety from a broader perspective than collision data alone. The analysis of traffic conflicts is typically performed using a number of conflict severity measures such as Time-To-Collision and Post-Encroachment-Time. These measures rely on road-users getting within specific spatial and temporal proximity from each other and, therefore, assume that proximity is the indicator of conflict severity. However, this assumption may not be valid in all driving cultures where road-users are less organized and traffic rules are weakly enforced. In these environments, close interactions between road-users are very common and sudden evasive actions are the primary collision-avoidance mechanism. The objective of this research is to investigate the applicability of existing time-proximity measures in less-organized traffic environments and to propose evasive action-based conflict indicators as complementary measures of conflict severity. The mechanisms by which road-users perform evasive actions are studied and used to recommend new behavior-based conflict indicators. Time-proximity and evasive action conflict indicators are then compared to evaluate conflict severity at locations from five major cities with different traffic environments; Shanghai, New Delhi, New York, Doha, and Vancouver. Ordered-response models were utilized to relate both indicators to conflict severity, taking into account the unobserved heterogeneity in conflicts. The findings reveal that evasive action-based indicators are most effective in less-organized traffic environments such as Shanghai and New Delhi, with less potential in more structured environments such as Vancouver, where time-proximity measures are more effective. The results emphasize the need to select the proper conflict indicators depending on the studied traffic environment.
Finite-Size Dyonic Giant Magnons in TsT-transformed $AdS_5\times S^5$
Creators: name: Ahn, Changrim
name: Bozhilov, Plamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate dyonic giant magnons propagating on $γ$-deformed $AdS_5\times S^5$ by Neumann-Rosochatius reduction method with a twisted boundary condition. We compute finite-size effect of the dispersion relations of dyonic giant magnons which generalizes the previously known case of the giant magnons with one angular momentum found by Bykov and Frolov.
description: 15 pages
POLYVARIATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS: DEBATABLE ISSUES
Creators: name: Kostruba, Anatoliy
name: Haliantych, Mykola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 180121 Legal Practice, Lawyering and the Legal Profession
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 180116 International Law (excl. International Trade Law)
subject: Law
subject: 180199 Law not elsewhere classified
subject: 180104 Civil Law and Procedure
subject: 189999 Law and Legal Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: 180119 Law and Society

description: The sports order is formed, including a huge network of various institutions, organizations and regulators, cooperation and participation of public and private entities at various levels, and has its own judicial system, which is based on the International Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne. It is the autonomy of the sports law and order that presupposes the existence of a system of jurisdictional bodies whose activities are aimed at considering disputes in the relevant sphere of relations. At the same time, despite the integrity of the system of sports law and order in relation to public law and order, the internal organizational unity, in particular, the process of resolving disputes in sports relations is quite unbalanced. In the vast majority of cases, the main aspect of the federation is the development of professional sports as such. At the same time, the issues of more detailed legal regulation of relations in the field of professional sports, their protection remain undisclosed, or disclosed in fragments. The above indicates the need for clearer legal regulation of activities in the field of professional sports, in particular in terms of issues raised. In this regard, the observance of two conditions is disputable: Firstly, the possibility of exercising the public organization's powers to regulate the professional sphere. Secondly, ensuring objectivity and impartiality in the consideration of disputes, the outcome of which also affects the interests of the federation as a subject of relations in the field of professional sports.
Quantifying Gerrymandering in North Carolina
Creators: name: Herschlag, Gregory
name: Kang, Han Sung
name: Luo, Justin
name: Graves, Christy Vaughn
name: Bangia, Sachet
name: Ravier, Robert
name: Mattingly, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: By comparing a specific redistricting plan to an ensemble of plans, we evaluate whether the plan translates individual votes to election outcomes in an unbiased fashion. Explicitly, we evaluate if a given redistricting plan exhibits extreme statistical properties compared to an ensemble of nonpartisan plans satisfying all legal criteria. Thus, we capture how unbiased redistricting plans interpret individual votes via a state’s geo-political landscape. We generate the ensemble of plans through a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm coupled with simulated annealing based on a reference distribution that does not include partisan criteria. Using the ensemble and historical voting data, we create a null hypothesis for various election results, free from partisanship, accounting for the state’s geo-politics. We showcase our methods on two recent congressional districting plans of NC, along with a plan drawn by a bipartisan panel of retired judges. We find the enacted plans are extreme outliers whereas the bipartisan judges’ plan does not give rise to extreme partisan outcomes. Equally important, we illuminate anomalous structures in the plans of interest by developing graphical representations which help identify and understand instances of cracking and packing associated with gerrymandering. These methods were successfully used in recent court cases. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Approximation of a compound-exchanging cell by a Dirac point
Creators: name: Yang, Xiao
name: Peng, Qiyao
name: Hille, Sander C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Communication between single cells or higher organisms by means of diffusive compounds is an important phenomenon in biological systems. Modelling therefore often occurs, most straightforwardly by a diffusion equation with suitable flux boundary conditions at the cell boundaries. Such a model will become computationally inefficient and analytically complex when there are many cells, even more so when they are moving. We propose to consider instead a point source model. Each cell is virtually reduced to a point and appears in the diffusion equation for the compound on the full spatial domain as a singular reaction term in the form of a Dirac delta `function' (measure) located at the cell's centre. In this model, it has an amplitude that is a non-local function of the concentration of compound on the (now virtual) cell boundary. We prove the well-posedness of this particular parabolic problem with non-local and singular reaction term in suitable Sobolev spaces. We show for a square bounded domain and for the plane that the solution cannot be $H^1$-smooth at the Dirac point. Further, we show a preliminary numerical comparison between the solutions to the two models that suggests that the two models are highly comparable to each other.
Remark on Spectral Rigidity for Magnetic Schrödinger Operators
Creators: name: Eskin, Gregory
name: Ralston, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a simple proof of Guillemin's theorem on the determination of the magnetic field on the torus by the spectrum of the corresponding Schrödinger operator.
Shear viscoelasticity in anisotropic holographic axion model
Creators: name: Li, Lei
name: Li, Wei-Jia
name: Kuang, Xiao-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the shear elasticity and the shear viscosity in a simple holographic axion model with broken translational symmetry and rotational symmetry in space via the perturbation computation. We find that, in the case of spontaneous symmetry breaking, the broken translations and anisotropy both enhance the shear elasticity of the system. While in all cases, the broken symmetries introduce a double suppression on the shear viscosity, which is in contrast to the result from the study of the p-wave holographic superfluid where the shear viscosity is enhanced when the rotational symmetry is broken spontaneously.
Mathematics of Nested Districts: The Case of Alaska
Creators: name: Caldera, Sophia
name: DeFord, Daryl
name: Duchin, Moon
name: Gutekunst, Samuel C.
name: Nix, Cara
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In eight states, a “nesting rule” requires that each state Senate district be exactly composed of two adjacent state House districts. In this article, we investigate the potential impacts of these nesting rules with a focus on Alaska, where Republicans have a 2/3 majority in the Senate while a Democratic-led coalition controls the House. Treating the current House plan as fixed and considering all possible pairings, we find that the choice of pairings alone can create a swing of 4–5 seats out of 20 against recent voting patterns, which is similar to the range observed when using a Markov chain procedure to generate plans without the nesting constraint. The analysis enables other insights into Alaska districting, including the partisan latitude available to districters with and without strong rules about nesting and contiguity. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Multi-modal Vision Pre-training for Medical Image Analysis
Creators: name: Rui, Shaohao
name: Chen, Lingzhi
name: Tang, Zhenyu
name: Wang, Lilong
name: Liu, Mianxin
name: Zhang, Shaoting
name: Wang, Xiaosong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-supervised learning has greatly facilitated medical image analysis by suppressing the training data requirement for real-world applications. Current paradigms predominantly rely on self-supervision within uni-modal image data, thereby neglecting the inter-modal correlations essential for effective learning of cross-modal image representations. This limitation is particularly significant for naturally grouped multi-modal data, e.g., multi-parametric MRI scans for a patient undergoing various functional imaging protocols in the same study. To bridge this gap, we conduct a novel multi-modal image pre-training with three proxy tasks to facilitate the learning of cross-modality representations and correlations using multi-modal brain MRI scans (over 2.4 million images in 16,022 scans of 3,755 patients), i.e., cross-modal image reconstruction, modality-aware contrastive learning, and modality template distillation. To demonstrate the generalizability of our pre-trained model, we conduct extensive experiments on various benchmarks with ten downstream tasks. The superior performance of our method is reported in comparison to state-of-the-art pre-training methods, with Dice Score improvement of 0.28\%-14.47\% across six segmentation benchmarks and a consistent accuracy boost of 0.65\%-18.07\% in four individual image classification tasks.
Information capacity in the weak-signal approximation
Creators: name: Kostal, Lubomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We derive an approximate expression for mutual information in a broad class of discrete-time stationary channels with continuous input, under the constraint of vanishing input amplitude or power. The approximation describes the input by its covariance matrix, while the channel properties are described by the Fisher information matrix. This separation of input and channel properties allows us to analyze the optimality conditions in a convenient way. We show that input correlations in memoryless channels do not affect channel capacity since their effect decreases fast with vanishing input amplitude or power. On the other hand, for channels with memory, properly matching the input covariances to the dependence structure of the noise may lead to almost noiseless information transfer, even for intermediate values of the noise correlations. Since many model systems described in mathematical neuroscience and biophysics operate in the high noise regime and weak-signal conditions, we believe, that the described results are of potential interest also to researchers in these areas.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Who Is My Neighbor? The Spatial Efficiency of Partisanship
Creators: name: Eubank, Nicholas
name: Rodden, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Relative to its overall statewide support, the Republican Party has been over-represented in congressional delegations and state legislatures over the last decade in a number of US states. A challenge is to determine the extent to which this can be explained by intentional gerrymandering as opposed to an underlying inefficient distribution of Democrats in cities. We explain the “spatial inefficiency” of support for Democrats, and demonstrate that it varies substantially both across states and also across legislative chambers within states. We introduce a simple method for measuring this inefficiency by assessing the partisanship of the nearest neighbors of each voter in each US state. Our measure of spatial efficiency helps explain cross-state patterns in legislative representation, and allows us to verify that political geography contributes substantially to inequalities in political representation. At the same time, however, we also show that even after controlling for spatial efficiency, partisan control of the redistricting process has had a substantial impact on the parties’ seat shares. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Las redes sociales, una oportunidad para implementar la innovación abierta en el desarrollo de nuevos productos
Creators: name: Iglesias-Sánchez, Patricia
name: Jambrino-Maldonado, Carmen
name: Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos De Las
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Innovación Abierta
Desarrollo de nuevos productos (NPD)
Redes sociales
co-creación
entornos 2.0
nivel de innovación

description: Este trabajo analiza la incorporación del consumidor en el desarrollo de nuevos productos (NPD) como estrategia de diferenciación. La Innovación Abierta está ganando muchos defensores tanto en el ámbito científico como empresarial. Esta investigación se centra en las redes sociales como herramienta efectiva para aplicar esta fórmula. La industria nacional de los snacks sirve para identificar estructuras de comportamiento, percepciones sobre la innovación colaborativa y efectos sobre la competitividad. Un análisis clúster detecta dos grupos diferenciados. Mientras uno se muestra más receptivo y reconoce el potencial de las redes sociales para la creación de valor con el consumidor; el otro, aunque Orientado al Mercado, recurre a las redes sociales con fines distintos. El principal resultado constata que las redes sociales no solo son una herramienta de comunicación y de conocimiento del consumidor sino un soporte para aumentar los niveles de innovación. Por último, el estudio propone un modelo de colaboración con el consumidor para el desarrollo de nuevos productos.
description: Iglesias-Sánchez, P.P.; Jambrino-Maldonado, C.; De las Heras-Pedrosa, C. (2015). Las redes sociales, una oportunidad para implementar la innovación abierta en el desarrollo de nuevos productos. AEMARK. ISBN:978-84-16462-51-3. Madrid: ESIC EDITORIAL.
Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2606460
The contribution of photography to Arctic expeditions 1851 to 1881
Creators: name: Ferguson, Richard
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 1993
Subjects: Photography, 19th century
Expeditions, Arctic

description: The arrival of photography in 1839 opened up new methods of visually recording the natural world. Well-established methods of visually recording discoveries on expeditions were soon challenged by the accuracy of photography. However, this was not immediate, as limitations of the processes used made photography in the field unreliable. It was not until the development of the wet plate process, that photography was in a position to become a significant means of recording what was encountered by expeditions. A selection of photographs from three Arctic expeditions are analysed through the use of a key word system. Qualitative and quantitative assessment forms part of the image group analysis, which, combined with the key word analysis, forms a unique record of the application of photography in the Arctic. This thesis evaluates to what extent between the years 1851 and 1881 this new medium was used in the Arctic and examines aspects of the nature of its contribution to expeditions. This use and contribution is compared to the application of photography on expeditions outside the polar regions as a means of establishing what was possible by the photographic medium during the same period. It is shown that photography was of a lower quality and quantity compared to non polar expeditions.
Tunable band gaps in bilayer graphene-BN heterostructures
Creators: name: Ramasubramaniam, Ashwin
name: Naveh, Doron
name: Towe, ELias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate band-gap tuning of bilayer graphene between hexagonal boron nitride sheets, by external electric fields. Using density functional theory, we show that the gap is continuously tunable from 0 to 0.2 eV, and is robust to stacking disorder. Moreover, boron nitride sheets do not alter the fundamental response from that of free-standing bilayer graphene, apart from additional screening. The calculations suggest that the graphene-boron nitride heterostructures could provide a viable route to graphene-based electronic devices.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Almost associative operations generating a minimal clone
Creators: name: Waldhauser, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 08A40, 20N02

description: Characterizations of "almost associative" binary operations generating a minimal clone are given for two interpretations of the term "almost associative". One of them uses the associative spectrum, the other one uses the index of nonassociativity to measure how far an operation is from being associative.
description: 17 pages
Statistical Procedures for Assessing the Need for an Affirmative Action Plan: A Reanalysis of Shea v. Kerry
Creators: name: Pan, Qing
name: Miao, Weiwen
name: Gastwirth, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: In the 1980s, reports from Congress and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) presented statistical evidence showing that employees in the Foreign Service were overwhelmingly White male, especially in the higher positions. To remedy this historical discrimination, the State Department instituted an affirmative action plan during 1990–1992 that allowed females and race-ethnic minorities to apply directly for mid-level positions. A White male employee claimed that he had been disadvantaged by the plan. The appellate court unanimously held that the manifest statistical imbalance supported the Department’s instituting the plan. One judge identified two statistical issues in the analysis of the data that neither party brought up. This article provides an empirical guideline for sample size and a one-sided Hotelling’s T2 test to answer these problems. First, an approximate rule is developed for the minimum number of expected minority appointments needed for a meaningful statistical analysis of under-representation. To avoid the multiple comparison issue when several protected groups are involved, a modification of Hotelling’s T2 test is developed for testing the null hypothesis of fair representation against a one-sided alternative of under-representation in at least one minority group. The test yields p-values less than 1 in 10,000 indicating that minorities were substantially under-represented. Excluding secretarial and clerical jobs led to even larger disparities. Supplemental materials for this article are available online.
Anomalous Lattice Vibrations of Single and Few-Layer MoS2
Creators: name: Lee, Changgu
name: Yan, Hugen
name: Brus, Louis E.
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Hone, James
name: Ryu, Sunmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) of single and few-layer thickness was exfoliated on SiO2/Si substrate and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The number of S-Mo-S layers of the samples was independently determined by contact-mode atomic-force microscopy. Two Raman modes, E12g and A1g, exhibited sensitive thickness dependence, with the frequency of the former decreasing and that of the latter increasing with thickness. The results provide a convenient and reliable means for determining layer thickness with atomic-level precision. The opposite direction of the frequency shifts, which cannot be explained solely by van der Waals interlayer coupling, is attributed to Coulombic interactions and possible stacking-induced changes of the intralayer bonding. This work exemplifies the evolution of structural parameters in layered materials in changing from the 3-dimensional to the 2-dimensional regime.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures