cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(1465) Jane Barcroft
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fostering a Conceptual Understanding Approach  to Teaching the Arithmetical Operations
Creators: Matthew Clements
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

The disappointing Grade 6 Provincial Achievement Test (PAT) scores for Peace River School Division (PRSD) for the 2018-2019 year (the most recent scores available due to COVID-19 interruptions) marked the fourth consecutive year the divisional scores had declined. As shown in Figure 1, only 60.7% of PRSD Gr. 6 students achieved the acceptable standard on the PAT in 2019, compared to 75.7% in the spring of 2015. While the portion of students achieving the excellence standard fluctuated during the same timeframe, the trend remained low and approximately 10% below than the provincial average.
Supplementary figure S4. from Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange.
Creators: name: Lopatina, Anna
name: Medvedeva, Sofia
name: Artamonova, Daria
name: Matvey Kolesnik
name: Sitnik, Vasily
name: Ispolatov, Yaroslav
name: Severinov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sample clustering by beta-diversity
Probing Atomic Structure and Majorana Wavefunctions in Mono-Atomic Fe-chains on Superconducting Pb-Surface
Creators: name: Pawlak, Remy
name: Kisiel, Marcin
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
name: Meier, Tobias
name: Kawai, Shigeki
name: Glatzel, Thilo
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Meyer, Ernst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the striking promise of quantum computation, Majorana bound states (MBSs) in solid-state systems have attracted wide attention in recent years. In particular, the wavefunction localization of MBSs is a key feature and crucial for their future implementation as qubits. Here, we investigate the spatial and electronic characteristics of topological superconducting chains of iron atoms on the surface of Pb(110) by combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We demonstrate that the Fe chains are mono-atomic, structured in a linear fashion, and exhibit zero-bias conductance peaks at their ends which we interprete as signature for a Majorana bound state. Spatially resolved conductance maps of the atomic chains reveal that the MBSs are well localized at the chain ends (below 25 nm), with two localization lengths as predicted by theory. Our observation lends strong support to use MBSs in Fe chains as qubits for quantum computing devices.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Supplementary figure S5. from Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange.
Creators: name: Lopatina, Anna
name: Medvedeva, Sofia
name: Artamonova, Daria
name: Matvey Kolesnik
name: Sitnik, Vasily
name: Ispolatov, Yaroslav
name: Severinov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Correlation of beta-diversity and geographical distance
(1458) James Shaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Simulating transoceanic migrations of young loggerhead sea turtles: merging magnetic navigation behavior with an ocean circulation model
Creators: name: Verley, Philippe
name: Shay, Thomas J.
name: Lohmann, Kenneth J.
name: Putman, Nathan F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: SUMMARY Young loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from eastern Florida, USA, undertake a transoceanic migration in which they gradually circle the Sargasso Sea before returning to the North American coast. Loggerheads possess a ‘magnetic map’ in which regional magnetic fields elicit changes in swimming direction along the migratory pathway. In some geographic areas, however, ocean currents move more rapidly than young turtles can swim. Thus, the degree to which turtles can control their migratory movements has remained unclear. In this study, the movements of young turtles were simulated within a high-resolution ocean circulation model using several different behavioral scenarios, including one in which turtles drifted passively and others in which turtles swam briefly in accordance with experimentally derived data on magnetic navigation. Results revealed that small amounts of oriented swimming in response to regional magnetic fields profoundly affected migratory routes and endpoints. Turtles that engaged in directed swimming for as little as 1–3 h per day were 43–187% more likely than passive drifters to reach the Azores, a productive foraging area frequented by Florida loggerheads. They were also more likely to remain within warm-water currents favorable for growth and survival, avoid areas on the perimeter of the migratory route where predation risk and thermal conditions pose threats, and successfully return to the open-sea migratory route if carried into coastal areas. These findings imply that even weakly swimming marine animals may be able to exert strong effects on their migratory trajectories and open-sea distributions through simple navigation responses and minimal swimming.
The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons
Creators: name: Kier, William M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: A remarkably diverse group of organisms rely on a hydrostatic skeleton for support, movement, muscular antagonism and the amplification of the force and displacement of muscle contraction. In hydrostatic skeletons, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by internal pressure. Functioning of these systems depends on the fact that they are essentially constant in volume as they consist of relatively incompressible fluids and tissue. Contraction of muscle and the resulting decrease in one of the dimensions thus results in an increase in another dimension. By actively (with muscle) or passively (with connective tissue) controlling the various dimensions, a wide array of deformations, movements and changes in stiffness can be created. An amazing range of animals and animal structures rely on this form of skeletal support, including anemones and other polyps, the extremely diverse wormlike invertebrates, the tube feet of echinoderms, mammalian and turtle penises, the feet of burrowing bivalves and snails, and the legs of spiders. In addition, there are structures such as the arms and tentacles of cephalopods, the tongue of mammals and the trunk of the elephant that also rely on hydrostatic skeletal support but lack the fluid-filled cavities that characterize this skeletal type. Although we normally consider arthropods to rely on a rigid exoskeleton, a hydrostatic skeleton provides skeletal support immediately following molting and also during the larval stage for many insects. Thus, the majority of animals on earth rely on hydrostatic skeletons.
Energy efficiency improvements in the development of new aircraft, Aernnova in Cleansky 2
Creators: name: Castillo Acero, Miguel Á.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking
European Union (EU)
Horizon 2020
HLFC
HLFC-WIN
Smart Energy Congress

description: Energy efficiency improvements in the development of new aircraft, Aernnova in Cleansky 2. This project has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No  807097. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Clean Sky 2 JU members other than the Union. The results, opinions, conclusions, etc. presented in this work are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily represent the position of the JU; the JU is not responsible for any use made of the information contained herein.
Exponential Stabilization of Nonholonomic Systems by means of Oscillating Controls
Creators: name: Zuyev, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93D15, 93D30, 34H15, 93B51, 93C57

description: This paper is devoted to the stabilization problem for nonlinear driftless control systems by means of a time-varying feedback control. It is assumed that the vector fields of the system together with their first order Lie brackets span the whole tangent space at the equilibrium. A family of trigonometric open-loop controls is constructed to approximate the gradient flow associated with a Lyapunov function. These controls are applied for the derivation of a time-varying feedback law under the sampling strategy. By using Lyapunov's direct method, we prove that the controller proposed ensures exponential stability of the equilibrium. As an example, this control design procedure is applied to stabilize the Brockett integrator.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures
Dynamical and anharmonic effects on the electron-phonon coupling and the zero-point renormalization of the electronic structure
Creators: name: Antonius, Gabriel
name: Poncé, Samuel
name: Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne
name: Auclair, Gabriel
name: Gonze, Xavier
name: Côté, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization of the band structure at zero temperature due to electron-phonon coupling is investigated in diamond, BN, LiF and MgO crystals. We implement a dynamical scheme to compute the frequency-dependent self-energy and the resulting quasiparticle electronic structure. Our calculations reveal the presence of a satellite band below the Fermi level of LiF and MgO. We show that the renormalization factor (Z), which is neglected in the adiabatic approximation, can reduce the zero-point renormalization (ZPR) by as much as 40%. Anharmonic effects in the renormalized eigenvalues at finite atomic displacements are explored with the frozen-phonon method. We use a non-perturbative expression for the ZPR, going beyond the Allen-Heine-Cardona theory. Our results indicate that high-order electron-phonon coupling terms contribute significantly to the zero-point renormalization for certain materials.
Observer-based Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control of Quadcopters
Creators: Smith, Sean
Pan, Ya-Jun
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

This paper focuses on the problematic position tracking of a quadcopter under external disturbances by developing a super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) based on a higher-order sliding mode observer (HOSMO). A generalized quadcopter model is presented with position and attitude dynamics. This observer-based controller design is applied adaptable for future hardware implementation on a COEX Clover 4.2. The Clover drone has measurable position signal using vision-based navigation and ArUco marker localization, where the HOSMO can estimate the unknown state being linear velocity. HOSMO helps in estimating the unknown external disturbances on the quadcopter for possible compensations. The proposed controller has been applied to the position dynamics with extensive simulations. If desired, it  could be applied to the attitude dynamics as well. Lyapunov- based method is used to investigate the closed-loop stability and  convergence while a smoothing function was used to attenuate potential chattering problems.

Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
Figure S6 from Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange
Creators: name: Lopatina, Anna
name: Medvedeva, Sofia
name: Artamonova, Daria
name: Matvey Kolesnik
name: Sitnik, Vasily
name: Ispolatov, Yaroslav
name: Severinov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Intersection of reconstructed I-C CRISPR arrays between Vesuvius and El Tatiosamples. Arrows show direction from leader sequence.
Hawkmoth flight stability in turbulent vortex streets
Creators: name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
name: Ortega-Jimenez, Victor Manuel
name: Mittal, Rajat
name: Greeter, Jeremy S.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: SUMMARY Shedding of vortices is a common phenomenon in the atmosphere over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, it is unclear how these vortices of varying scales affect the flight performance of flying animals. In order to examine these interactions, we trained seven hawkmoths (Manduca sexta) (wingspan ~9 cm) to fly and feed in a wind tunnel under steady flow (controls) and in the von Kármán vortex street of vertically oriented cylinders (two different cylinders with diameters of 10 and 5 cm) at speeds of 0.5, 1 and 2 m s−1. Cylinders were placed at distances of 5, 25 and 100 cm upstream of the moths. Moths exhibited large amplitude yaw oscillations coupled with modest oscillations in roll and pitch, and slight increases in wingbeat frequency when flying in both the near (recirculating) and middle (vortex dominated) wake regions. Wingbeat amplitude did not vary among treatments, except at 1 m s−1 for the large cylinder. Yaw and roll oscillations were synchronized with the vortex shedding frequencies in moths flying in the wake of the large cylinder at all speeds. In contrast, yaw and pitch were synchronized with the shedding frequency of small vortices at speeds ≤1 m s−1. Oscillations in body orientation were also substantially smaller in the small cylinder treatment when compared with the large cylinder, regardless of temporal or non-dimensional spatial scale. Moths flying in steady conditions reached a higher air speed than those flying into cylinder wakes. In general, flight effects produced by the cylinder wakes were qualitatively similar among the recirculating and vortex-dominated wake regions; the magnitude of those effects, however, declined gradually with downstream distance.
Possible Excitonic Phase of Graphite in the Quantum Limit State
Creators: name: Akiba, Kazuto
name: Miyake, Atsushi
name: Yaguchi, Hiroshi
name: Matsuo, Akira
name: Kindo, Koichi
name: Tokunaga, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The in-plane resistivity, Hall resistivity and magnetization of graphite were investigated in pulsed magnetic fields applied along the \textit{c}-axis. The Hall resistivity approaches zero at around 53 T where the in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities steeply decrease. The differential magnetization also shows an anomaly at around this field with a similar amplitude compared to that of de Haas-van Alphen oscillations at lower fields. This transition field appears insensitive to disorder, but reduces with doping holes. These results suggest the realization of the quantum limit states above 53 T. As a plausible explanation for the observed gapped out-of-plane conduction above 53 T, the emergence of the excitonic BCS-like state in graphite is proposed.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Increasing Teacher Capacity and Student Achievement by Restructuring Formative Supervision
Creators: Laura Krumpholz
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Teaching and learning have made a shift in the 21st century. The traditional models of schools and classrooms have moved toward more collaborative approaches in which schools facilitate and foster teacher collaboration and growth. Principals’ leadership and formative supervision of teaching and learning are essential to student achievement, but how these skills can best be practiced has not been sufficiently explored. This study investigates how effective formative supervision and related procedures can build teachers’ capacity to lead students to success. The interview questions were designed to understand how formative-supervision approaches and techniques affect teachers’ efficacy with a focus on teachers’ understanding of formative

supervision and their past experiences with it. This study’s findings highlight participants’ lack of awareness of formal formative-supervision procedures and trust, and a thematic analysis offered solutions for further developing teachers’ understanding of formative supervision. Themes that emerged from the data include communication, collaboration, and trust, and they constitute a framework for moving forward with formative supervision. Instructional leadership can take many forms and be distributed through means of supervision to promote teacher growth and efficacy. Supervision needs to be restructured to be viewed through a positive, encouraging, and supportive lens in which teachers and leaders can work collectively toward student achievement. Building teacher capacity should be at the center of the restructuring of supervision. Strengthening teachers’ knowledge and expertise, through formative supervision skills, procedures and policies and building trust will have a positive impact on student achievement.
(1459) John Hope Shaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fluctuations of the Self-Normalized Sum in the Curie-Weiss Model of SOC
Creators: name: Gorny, Matthias
name: Varadhan, S. R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60F05, 60K35

description: We extend the main theorem of arXiv:1301.6911 about the fluctuations in the Curie-Weiss model of SOC. We present a short proof using the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation with the self-normalized sum of the random variables.
Figure S7 from Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange
Creators: name: Lopatina, Anna
name: Medvedeva, Sofia
name: Artamonova, Daria
name: Matvey Kolesnik
name: Sitnik, Vasily
name: Ispolatov, Yaroslav
name: Severinov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: PAM motifs of I-B, I-C, I-E, I-U and IIIAB CRISPR-Cas systems identified by matches to Thermus phages
Restoration of supersymmetry in two-dimensional SYM with sixteen supercharges on the lattice
Creators: name: Giguère, Eric
name: Kadoh, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform lattice simulations of two-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with sixteen supercharges with a lattice action which has two exact supercharges (Sugino lattice action). According to the gauge/gravity duality, the theory at finite temperature is expected to be well described by the corresponding black 1-branes, at low temperature in the large N limit. We aim to confirm the duality conjecture by comparing the lattice results with the theoretical predictions obtained in the gravity side. In this article, at the beginning of this study, we examine the supersymmetric Ward-Takahashi identity to test whether the lattice action reproduces the correct continuum theory. Numerical results of the SUSY WTI strongly suggest us that any cut-off effects, which break supersymmetry, disappear in the continuum limit. In addition, we study the issue of degenerate vacua and find that the admissiblilty condition or any other constraints of the link fields which guarantee the unique vacuum are not always needed.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
(1460) ? Shaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A further study on Palatini f(R)-theories for polytropic stars
Creators: name: Mana, Annalisa
name: Fatibene, Lorenzo
name: Ferraris, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After briefly reviewing the results about polytropic stars in Palatini f(R)-theories, we first show how these results rely on the assumption of a regular function f(R). In particular, singular models allow to extend the parameter interval in which no singularity is formed. Furthermore, we present how the conformal metric can be matched smoothly in the cases where the original metric generates a singularity. In fact, the singularity comes from a singular conformal factor which is continuous though not differentiable at the stellar surface. This suggests that the correct metric to be considered as physical is the conformal metric. This is relevant because, even also when matching the original metric is possible, the use of the conformal metric generates different stellar models.
description: 18 pages (refs added and typos corrected)
Tunable mechanical and thermal properties of ZnS/CdS core/shell nanowires
Creators: name: Mandal, Taraknath
name: Dasgupta, Chandan
name: Maiti, Prabal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using all atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have studied the mechanical properties of ZnS/CdS core/shell nanowires. Our results show that the coating of a few atomic layer CdS shell on the ZnS nanowire leads to a significant change in the stiffness of the core/shell nanowires compared to the stiffness of pure ZnS nanowires. The binding energy between the core and shell region decreases due to the lattice mismatch at the core-shell interface. This reduction in binding energy plays an important role in determining the stiffness of a core/shell nanowire. We have also investigated the effects of the shell on the thermal conductivity and melting behavior of the nanowires.
A protocol and calibration method for accurate multi-camera field videography
Creators: name: Bluhm, Evan
name: Evangelista, Dennis
name: Wu, Zheng
name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
name: Betke, Margrit
name: Jackson, Brandon E.
name: Theriault, Diane H.
name: Fuller, Nathan W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Stereo videography is a powerful technique for quantifying the kinematics and behavior of animals, but it can be challenging to use in an outdoor field setting. We here present a workflow and associated software for performing calibration of cameras placed in a field setting and estimating the accuracy of the resulting stereoscopic reconstructions. We demonstrate the workflow through example stereoscopic reconstructions of bat and bird flight. We provide software tools for planning experiments and processing the resulting calibrations that other researchers may use to calibrate their own cameras. Our field protocol can be deployed in a single afternoon, requiring only short video clips of light, portable calibration objects.
(1461) Harriette Garnett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Empirical Spacings of Unfolded Eigenvalues
Creators: name: Schubert, Kristina
name: Venker, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study random points on the real line generated by the eigenvalues in unitary invariant random matrix ensembles or by more general repulsive particle systems. As the number of points tends to infinity, we prove convergence of the empirical distribution of nearest neighbor spacings. We extend existing results for the spacing distribution in two ways. On the one hand, we believe the empirical distribution to be of more practical relevance than the so far considered expected distribution. On the other hand, we use the unfolding, a non-linear rescaling, which transforms the ensemble such that the density of particles is asymptotically constant. This allows to consider all empirical spacings, where previous results were restricted to a tiny fraction of the particles. Moreover, we prove bounds on the rates of convergence. The main ingredient for the proof, a strong bulk universality result for correlation functions in the unfolded setting including optimal rates, should be of independent interest.
description: 37 pages; changes in title, abstract and introduction, references added
Clap and fling mechanism with interacting porous wings in tiny insect flight
Creators: name: Robinson, Alice K.
name: Jones, Shannon
name: Santhanakrishnan, Arvind
name: Low, Audrey Ann
name: Gadi, Sneha
name: Miller, Laura A.
name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The aerodynamics of flapping flight for the smallest insects such as thrips is often characterized by a 'clap and fling' of the wings at the end of the upstroke and the beginning of the downstroke. These insects fly at Reynolds numbers (Re) of the order of 10 or less where viscous effects are significant. Although this wing motion is known to augment the lift generated during flight, the drag required to fling the wings apart at this scale is an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding force acting on a single wing. As the opposing forces acting normal to each wing nearly cancel during the fling, these large forces do not have a clear aerodynamic benefit. If flight efficiency is defined as the ratio of lift to drag, the clap and fling motion dramatically reduces efficiency relative to the case of wings that do not aerodynamically interact. In this paper, the effect of a bristled wing characteristic of many of these insects was investigated using computational fluid dynamics. We performed 2D numerical simulations using a porous version of the immersed boundary method. Given the computational complexity involved in modeling flow through exact descriptions of bristled wings, the wing was modeled as a homogeneous porous layer as a first approximation. High-speed video recordings of free-flying thrips in take-off flight were captured in the laboratory, and an analysis of the wing kinematics was performed. This information was used for the estimation of input parameters for the simulations. Compared with a solid wing (without bristles), the results of the study show that the porous nature of the wings contributes largely to drag reduction across the Re range explored. The aerodynamic efficiency, calculated as the ratio of lift to drag coefficients, was larger for some porosities when compared with solid wings.
The $m$-$z$ relation for type Ia supernovae, locally inhomogeneous cosmological models, and the nature of dark matter
Creators: name: Helbig, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $m$-$z$ relation for type Ia supernovae is one of the key pieces of evidence supporting the cosmological `concordance model' with $λ_0 \approx 0.7$ and $Ω_0 \approx 0.3$. However, it is well known that the $m$-$z$ relation depends not only on $λ_0$ and $Ω_0$ (with $H_0$ as a scale factor) but also on the density of matter along the line of sight, which is not necessarily the same as the large-scale density. I investigate to what extent the measurement of $λ_0$ and $Ω_0$ depends on this density when it is characterized by the parameter $η$ ($0 \le η\le 1$), which describes the ratio of density along the line of sight to the overall density. I also discuss what constraints can be placed on $η$, both with and without constraints on $λ_0$ and $Ω_0$ in addition to those from the $m$-$z$ relation for type~Ia supernovae.
description: 11 pages, 17 figures, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. This version contains minor changes made while correcting proofs in order to correspond as closely as practical to the offical version. No changes in content. Related information available at http://www.astro.multivax.de:8000/helbig/research/publications/info/etasnia.html
Scaling of the hydrostatic skeleton in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
Creators: name: Kier, William M.
name: Kurth, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The structural and functional consequences of changes in size or scale have been well studied in animals with rigid skeletons, but relatively little is known about scale effects in animals with hydrostatic skeletons. We used glycol methacrylate histology and microscopy to examine the scaling of mechanically important morphological features of the earthworm
(1455) Robert Tennant
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Report on the cost-effectiveness of the evaluation approaches
Creators: name: Wolff, Anne
name: Schwarz, Gerald
name: Osterburg, Bernhard
name: Offermann, Frank
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Two of the main aims of the cost-effectiveness assessment of the evaluation methods in WP7 are: a) to estimate the cost of the required resources for indicators and evaluation methods and to analyse the determinants of the costs; and b) to assess the effectiveness of the developed indicators and evaluation methods based on the case studies. The overall purpose of the assessment is: to provide guidance on the cost-effective application of the indicators and evaluation methods in future evaluations and to gain more insights into the impact of monitoring and data requirements and efforts on the cost-effectiveness of RDP evaluations. In order to achieve these objectives a systematic and structured approach is required to identify and quantify all cost components of the development and application of the tested evaluation methods, and to develop a conceptual framework for the qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of the tested indicators and evaluation methods, applied in the public good case studies in WP6. While the bulk of the required information has been directly collated through the project team, stakeholder interviews and workshops (as well as sessions at the annual SRG meetings) with representatives from monitoring organisations and evaluators were required to collate information on monitoring programmes and to validate cost and effectiveness assessments of the project team. The report outlines the conceptual framework developed for the cost-effectiveness assessment, summarises results of the cost and effectiveness assessment of the evaluation approaches tested in the case studies paying particular attention to the implications and role of different stakeholder priorities for the assessment of the effectiveness of evaluations, and provides synopsis of the implications of different data and monitoring programme scenarios on the cost-effectiveness of the tested evaluation approaches.
(1456) John Tennant Stansfield Tennant
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Trade in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Hashimy, Sayed Qudrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: International trade and investment law

description: Today Afghanistan faces different uncertainties and difficulties. Heavy burden is imposed by COVID?19 which has brought about decline in the economy, public finances and investments. Revenues have been significantly lost because of lockdown measures which prompted closing of trade avenues within the country and the borders. The study hence attempts to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the trade in Afghanistan. The study found decline in trade caused by closure of borders along with diminished imports and exports. The crisis brought about by the pandemic prompted decline in overall Economic Growth in Afghanistan.
Supplementary figure S2. from Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange.
Creators: name: Lopatina, Anna
name: Medvedeva, Sofia
name: Artamonova, Daria
name: Matvey Kolesnik
name: Sitnik, Vasily
name: Ispolatov, Yaroslav
name: Severinov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Intersection of reconstructed I-A CRISPR arrays for Thermasdel Flaco1 and Thermasdel Flaco5. Arrows show direction from leader sequence.
The length-force behavior and operating length range of squid muscle vary as a function of position in the mantle wall
Creators: name: Kier, William M.
name: Thompson, Joseph T.
name: Shelton, Ryan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Hollow cylindrical muscular organs are widespread in animals and are effective in providing support for locomotion and movement, yet are subject to significant non-uniformities in circumferential muscle strain. During contraction of the mantle of squid, the circular muscle fibers along the inner (lumen) surface of the mantle experience circumferential strains 1.3 to 1.6 times greater than fibers along the outer surface of the mantle. This transmural gradient of strain may require the circular muscle fibers near the inner and outer surfaces of the mantle to operate in different regions of the length-tension curve during a given mantle contraction cycle. We tested the hypothesis that circular muscle contractile properties vary transmurally in the mantle of the Atlantic longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii. We found that both the length-twitch force and length-tetanic force relationships of the obliquely striated, central mitochondria-poor (CMP) circular muscle fibers varied with radial position in the mantle wall. CMP circular fibers near the inner surface of the mantle produced higher force relative to maximum isometric tetanic force, P0, at all points along the ascending limb of the length-tension curve than CMP circular fibers near the outer surface of the mantle. The mean ± s.d. maximum isometric tetanic stresses at L₀ (the preparation length that produced the maximum isometric tetanic force) of 212 ± 105 and 290 ± 166 kN m(-2) for the fibers from the outer and inner surfaces of the mantle, respectively, did not differ significantly (P=0.29). The mean twitch:tetanus ratios for the outer and inner preparations, 0.60 ± 0.085 and 0.58 ± 0.10, respectively, did not differ significantly (P=0.67). The circular fibers did not exhibit length-dependent changes in contraction kinetics when given a twitch stimulus. As the stimulation frequency increased, L₀ was approximately 1.06 times longer than LTW, the mean preparation length that yielded maximum isometric twitch force. Sonomicrometry experiments revealed that the CMP circular muscle fibers operated in vivo primarily along the ascending limb of the length-tension curve. The CMP fibers functioned routinely over muscle lengths at which force output ranged from only 85% to 40% of P₀, and during escape jets from 100% to 30% of P₀. Our work shows that the functional diversity of obliquely striated muscles is much greater than previously recognized.
Environmental Study of Used Engine Oil Management in Dakar Region: Case of CFAO Motors, Bolloré Transport and Logistics, Eiffage and Dakar Dem Dikk (Senegal)
Creators: name: Lendo, Ornella
name: Ly, Ibrahima
name: Diop, Cheikh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental assessment and monitoring

description: In Senegal, the production of used motor oil is very high (between 4,000 and 4,800 tons per year). Despite their hazardous nature (relating to Annex I of the Basel Convention ratified by Senegal), these oils are poorly managed and few studies have been carried out in this area. This is the purpose of this research, which aims to contribute to the study of the management of used motor oils in certain companies, including CFAO Motors, Bolloré Transport, and Logistics, Eiffage, and Dakar Dem Dikk (Senegal). Documentary review, field study (semi-structured individual interviews, focus groups, informal interviews, field visits, and direct observation), data processing, and analysis using the triangulation technique were the methodological tools used. The results of this work reveal a significant production of more than 3,000 liters of used motor oil per month/company and storage of these oils in underground or overhead metal tanks. The recovery and/or collection of these oils is done free of charge by the Société de Régénération des Huiles (SRH), by Skysea for transformation into fuel or by SOCOCIM, a cement factory, for energy recovery. The companies surveyed manage their used oil according to the standards in force in Senegal, although the green register is notoriously absent. The various management actors are well aware of the hazardous nature of these oils, but the operational agents sometimes tend to minimize their impacts. A comparative analysis of management systems has allowed us to observe similarities in the management of used motor oils in France, Canada, and the United States compared to the management in Senegal, such as the responsibility of the author of the used oils from production to final disposal, as well as progress noted such as the priority given to regeneration (Directive 2006/12/EC) or the non-free collection of oils.
(1457) Anne Catherine Shaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Figure S4 from Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange
Creators: name: Lopatina, Anna
name: Medvedeva, Sofia
name: Artamonova, Daria
name: Matvey Kolesnik
name: Sitnik, Vasily
name: Ispolatov, Yaroslav
name: Severinov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sample clustering by beta-diversity
Supplementary figure S3. from Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange.
Creators: name: Lopatina, Anna
name: Medvedeva, Sofia
name: Artamonova, Daria
name: Matvey Kolesnik
name: Sitnik, Vasily
name: Ispolatov, Yaroslav
name: Severinov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The diversity of CRISPR spacers in environmental Thermus samples.
(1453) Willie Priestley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Hopping Conduction via Ionic Liquid Induced Silicon Surface States
Creators: name: Nelson, J.
name: Reich, K. V.
name: Sammon, M.
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
name: Goldman, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to clarify the physics of the gating of solids by ionic liquids (ILs) we have gated lightly doped $p$-Si, which is so well studied that it can be called the "hydrogen atom of solid state physics" and can be used as a test bed for ionic liquids. We explore the case where the concentration of induced holes at the Si surface is below $10^{12}\text{cm}^{-2}$, hundreds of times smaller than record values. We find that in this case an excess negative ion binds a hole on the interface between the IL and Si becoming a surface acceptor. We study the surface conductance of holes hopping between such nearest neighbor acceptors. Analyzing the acceptor concentration dependence of this conductivity, we find that the localization length of a hole is in reasonable agreement with our direct variational calculation of its binding energy. The observed hopping conductivity resembles that of well studied $\text{Na}^{+}$ implanted Si MOSFETs.
(1454) Anthony Titley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Instanton operators and symmetry enhancement in 5d supersymmetric quiver gauge theories
Creators: name: Yonekura, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider general 5d $SU(N)$ quiver gauge theories whose nodes form an ADE Dynkin diagram of type $G$. Each node has $SU(N_i)$ gauge group of general rank, Chern-Simons level $κ_i$ and additional $w_i$ fundamentals. When the total flavor number at each node is less than or equal to $2N_i-2|κ_i|$, we give general rules under which the symmetries associated to instanton currents are enhanced to $G \times G$ or a subgroup of it in the UV 5d superconformal theory. When the total flavor number violates that condition at some of the nodes, further enhancement of flavor symmetries occurs. In particular we find a large class of gauge theories interpreted as $S^1$ compactification of 6d superconformal theories which are waiting for string/F-theory realization. We also consider hypermultiplets in (anti-)symmetric representation.
description: 22 pages; v2: references added