cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accelerating the DC algorithm for smooth functions
Creators: name: Artacho, Francisco J. Aragón
name: Fleming, Ronan M. T.
name: Vuong, Phan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 65K05, 65K10, 90C26, 92C42

description: We introduce two new algorithms to minimise smooth difference of convex (DC) functions that accelerate the convergence of the classical DC algorithm (DCA). We prove that the point computed by DCA can be used to define a descent direction for the objective function evaluated at this point. Our algorithms are based on a combination of DCA together with a line search step that uses this descent direction. Convergence of the algorithms is proved and the rate of convergence is analysed under the Lojasiewicz property of the objective function. We apply our algorithms to a class of smooth DC programs arising in the study of biochemical reaction networks, where the objective function is real analytic and thus satisfies the Lojasiewicz property. Numerical tests on various biochemical models clearly show that our algorithms outperforms DCA, being on average more than four times faster in both computational time and the number of iterations. Numerical experiments show that the algorithms are globally convergent to a non-equilibrium steady state of various biochemical networks, with only chemically consistent restrictions on the network topology.
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, des enfants habillés en cuisinier jouent à piquer le bœuf
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
The role of the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway in breast cancer: Applying drugs that affect the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to the therapy of breast cancer
Creators: name: Orlowski, Robert Z.
name: Dees, E. Claire
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is responsible for most eukaryotic intracellular protein degradation. This pathway has been validated as a target for antineoplastic therapy using both in vitro and preclinical models of human malignancies, and is influenced as part of the mechanism of action of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Drugs whose primary action involves modulation of ubiquitin-proteasome activity, most notably the proteasome inhibitor PS-341, are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, and have already been found to have significant antitumor efficacy. On the basis of the known mechanisms by which these agents work, and the available clinical data, they would seem to be well suited for the treatment of breast neoplasms. Such drugs, alone and especially in combination with current chemotherapeutics, may well represent important advances in the therapy of patients with breast cancer.
Clinical trial update: implications and management of residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer
Creators: name: Carey, Lisa A.
name: Burstein, Harold J.
name: Mayer, Erica L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has a well-established role in the management of patients with locally advanced or early stage disease. Multiple trials have demonstrated superior survival outcomes in individuals achieving a pathologic complete response at the time of definitive surgery, and sophisticated genetic methods may predict which patients will be in this category. Those with less than a pathologic complete response remain at significant risk of recurrent disease, and currently no further standard therapy exists. Ongoing studies of novel agents may lead to improved therapeutic outcomes for this high-risk population.
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, arrivée du groupe folklorique Lei Tambourinaire de Sant Sumian
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Evaluating Link Prediction Methods
Creators: name: Yang, Yang
name: Lichtenwalter, Ryan N.
name: Chawla, Nitesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.2.8

description: Link prediction is a popular research area with important applications in a variety of disciplines, including biology, social science, security, and medicine. The fundamental requirement of link prediction is the accurate and effective prediction of new links in networks. While there are many different methods proposed for link prediction, we argue that the practical performance potential of these methods is often unknown because of challenges in the evaluation of link prediction, which impact the reliability and reproducibility of results. We describe these challenges, provide theoretical proofs and empirical examples demonstrating how current methods lead to questionable conclusions, show how the fallacy of these conclusions is illuminated by methods we propose, and develop recommendations for consistent, standard, and applicable evaluation metrics. We also recommend the use of precision-recall threshold curves and associated areas in lieu of receiver operating characteristic curves due to complications that arise from extreme imbalance in the link prediction classification problem.
title: ACT and Veterans: A Multiple Baseline Study Using ACT To Treat Anxiety Disorders in U.S. Military Veterans
Creators: name: Fruge, Jeremiah E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: There are 18 million Americans, roughly 7% of the population, who are Veterans. In contrast with the general population, Veterans have a high likelihood of exposure to psychological harm during their military service. For example, studies indicate Veterans are diagnosed with anxiety disorders in some cases four times higher than in the general population, though few studies examine treatment. Military culture is an additional factor which is important to account for when treating Veterans. For example, within the military an emphasis is placed on values and committed action which may mean this population will benefit more from certain therapies than others such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT places an emphasis on making values-based choices even when anxiety is present, which aligns well with military culture. As such, the present study aims to test ACT for anxiety in Veterans using a multiple baseline design and a culturally adapted treatment protocol consisting of 10 treatment sessions. Four participants were recruited and completed the treatment protocol with all participants showing significant improvements in their ability to make values-consistent choices even when feeling distress, and increased meaningful engagement in their lives. Three participants maintained these treatment gains at the one-month follow-up. Participants indicated the modifications made to the protocol were effective in helping them utilize the skills learned in treatment. The results of this study indicate that ACT shows promise as a relevant and acceptable treatment in this population.
Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer (Breast Cancer Research and Treatment DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9632-6)
Creators: name: Smith, Lisa V.
name: Jackson, Susan
name: Tse, Chiu Kit
name: Nyante, Sarah
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Moorman, Patricia G.
name: Bensen, Jeannette T.
name: Geradts, Joseph
name: Carey, Lisa
name: Millikan, Robert C.
name: Earp, H. Shelton
name: Newman, Beth
name: Conway, Kathleen
name: Labbok, Miriam H.
name: Livasy, Chad
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Risk factors for the newly identified “intrinsic” breast cancer subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, basal-like and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive/estrogen receptor-negative) were determined in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case–control study of African-American and white women. Immunohistochemical markers were used to subtype 1,424 cases of invasive and in situ breast cancer, and case subtypes were compared to 2,022 controls. Luminal A, the most common subtype, exhibited risk factors typically reported for breast cancer in previous studies, including inverse associations for increased parity and younger age at first full-term pregnancy. Basal-like cases exhibited several associations that were opposite to those observed for luminal A, including increased risk for parity and younger age at first term full-term pregnancy. Longer duration breastfeeding, increasing number of children breastfed, and increasing number of months breastfeeding per child were each associated with reduced risk of basal-like breast cancer, but not luminal A. Women with multiple live births who did not breastfeed and women who used medications to suppress lactation were at increased risk of basal-like, but not luminal A, breast cancer. Elevated waist-hip ratio was associated with increased risk of luminal A in postmenopausal women, and increased risk of basal-like breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women. The prevalence of basal-like breast cancer was highest among premenopausal African-American women, who also showed the highest prevalence of basal-like risk factors. Among younger African-American women, we estimate that up to 68% of basal-like breast cancer could be prevented by promoting breastfeeding and reducing abdominal adiposity.
title: Body morphology and ill health
Creators: name: Han, Thang Sieu
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Morphology, human body, body size.

description: The present thesis has drawn on a wide range of studies employing a variety of methodologies, aiming to explore the importance of body composition and morphology in relation to health and disease in adults, with a principle consideration of the need for health promotion. To achieve these aims, a series of hypotheses were postulated and a number of research questions were asked, followed by hypothesis testing and data analyses to gain new understanding, and to establish firmly the associations of body morphology with health and disease. Recognising the limited success in reversing the increasing trends in overweight has prompted the need to design new strategies in promoting public awareness of the risk of ill health associated with overweight and central fat distribution. These studies were carried out in this context to develop simple methods for assessing body composition, to enable health professionals and general public to assess and identify people with increasing health risks associated with overweight and increased intra-abdominal fat accumulation.
Minimum Density Hyperplanes
Creators: name: Pavlidis, Nicos G.
name: Hofmeyr, David P.
name: Tasoulis, Sotiris K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.0; I.5.3; G.3
subject: 62H30, 68T10

description: Associating distinct groups of objects (clusters) with contiguous regions of high probability density (high-density clusters), is central to many statistical and machine learning approaches to the classification of unlabelled data. We propose a novel hyperplane classifier for clustering and semi-supervised classification which is motivated by this objective. The proposed minimum density hyperplane minimises the integral of the empirical probability density function along it, thereby avoiding intersection with high density clusters. We show that the minimum density and the maximum margin hyperplanes are asymptotically equivalent, thus linking this approach to maximum margin clustering and semi-supervised support vector classifiers. We propose a projection pursuit formulation of the associated optimisation problem which allows us to find minimum density hyperplanes efficiently in practice, and evaluate its performance on a range of benchmark datasets. The proposed approach is found to be very competitive with state of the art methods for clustering and semi-supervised classification.
Accuracy of self-reported breast cancer among women undergoing mammography
Creators: name: Geller, Berta M.
name: Miglioretti, Diana L.
name: Taplin, Stephen H.
name: Bowles, Erin J.A.
name: Abraham, Linn
name: Karliner, Leah S.
name: Yankaskas, Bonnie C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This study estimated the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported breast cancer and their associations with patient factors and pathologic findings using data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.
title: Black–White Disparities in Body Mass Index Trajectories From Adolescence to Adulthood: Assessing the Roles of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Exposures to Short Sleep Durations
Creators: name: Omisakin, Olusola Akintoye
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: In comparison to Whites and other racial groups, the Black population in the U.S. has experienced one of the highest prevalences of obesity. Research into the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has increased recently because the effects of ACEs often persist for a significant portion of a person’s lifetime. Furthermore, the reduction in sleep duration in recent decades has sparked worries about public health. This dissertation assesses Black-White disparities in the associations between (1) ACEs and BMI, and (2) short sleep durations and BMI from adolescence to adulthood. Public-use datasets from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to estimate these associations. Study participants included 5,438 Black and White individuals. This study found that female respondents who reported more ACEs experienced higher BMI, on average, than females who did not report any ACE. Additionally, among females this effect was stronger among Blacks in some instances. ACEs were not associated with BMI trajectories among male respondents. Female and male respondents who reported short sleep durations experienced higher BMI, on average, than those who did not report short sleep durations. However, the association did not differ by race among either female or male respondents. The findings imply that ACEs influence Black-White gaps in BMI, especially among females, through pathways that begin early in the lifecourse. Interventions designed to support disadvantaged Black children and adolescents may help reduce large racial disparities in BMI.
BRCA1 promoter methylation is associated with increased mortality among women with breast cancer
Creators: name: Chen, Jia
name: Wallenstein, Sylvan
name: Xu, Xinran
name: Teitelbaum, Susan L.
name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Bradshaw, Patrick T.
name: Wetmur, James G.
name: Zhang, Yujing
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Santella, Regina M.
name: Garbowski, Gail
name: Bestor, Timothy H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Promoter-CpG island hypermethylation is a common molecular defect in cancer cells. It has been proposed as an alternative mechanism to inactivate BRCA1in the breast where somatic mutations of BRCA1 are rare. To better understand breast cancer etiology and progression, we explored the association between BRCA1 promoter methylation status and prognostic factors as well as survival among women with breast cancer. We also examined whether dietary methyl content and functional polymorphisms of genes involved in one-carbon metabolism influenced the methylation pattern. Promoter methylation of BRCA1 was assessed in 851 archived tumor tissues collected from a population-based study of women diagnosed with invasive or in situ breast cancer in 1996–1997, and who were followed for vital status through the end of 2002. About 59% of the tumors were methylated at the promoter of BRCA1. The BRCA1 promoter methylation was more frequent in invasive cancers (p=0.02) and among premenopausal cases (p=0.05). BRCA1 promoter methylation was associated with increased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (age-adjusted HR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05–2.78) and all-cause mortality (age-adjusted HR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.02–2.18). Among dietary methyl intakes in the year prior to the baseline interview examined, cases with lowest quintile of choline intake (<20%) had higher BRCA1 methylation level in the tumor compared to the rest (66.1% vs. 57.7%, p=0.04). Functional polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism were not correlated with BRCA1 methylation status. Our study is the first epidemiological investigation on the prognostic value of BRCA1 promoter methylation in a large population-based cohort of breast cancer patients. Our results indicate that BRCA1 promoter methylation is an important factor to consider in predicting breast cancer survival.
Entanglement and Fast Quantum Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Ho, Chiu Man
name: Hsu, Stephen D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $A$ be subsystem of a larger system $A \cup B$, and $ψ$ be a typical state from the subspace of the Hilbert space ${\cal H}_{AB}$ satisfying an energy constraint. Then $ρ_A(ψ)= {\rm Tr}_B | ψ\rangle \langle ψ|$ is nearly thermal. We discuss how this observation is related to fast thermalization of the central region ($\approx A$) in heavy ion collisions, where $B$ represents other degrees of freedom (soft modes, hard jets, collinear particles) outside of $A$. Entanglement between the modes in $A$ and $B$ plays a central role: the entanglement entropy $S_A$ increases rapidly in the collision. In gauge-gravity duality, $S_A$ is related to the area of extremal surfaces in the bulk, which can be studied using gravitational duals.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, v3: version to appear in MPLA. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1205.1584
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and estrogen receptor expression, a demonstration project using the residual tissue respository of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program
Creators: name: Cartun, R. W.
name: Goodman, M. T.
name: Chatterjee, N.
name: Anderson, W. F.
name: Matsuno, R. K.
name: Perou, C. M.
name: Sherman, M. E.
name: Reichman, M.
name: Jatoi, I.
name: Luo, S.
name: Hernandez, B. Y.
name: Garcia-Closas, M.
name: Dolled-Filhart, M. P.
name: O'Regan, R. M.
name: Rosenberg, P. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: In 2001, the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program established Residual Tissue Repositories (RTR) in the Hawaii, Iowa, and Los Angeles Tumor Registries to collect discarded tissue blocks from pathologic laboratories within their catchment areas. To validate the utility of the RTR for supplementing SEER’s central database, we assessed human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor expression (ER) in a demonstration project.
Measuring Political Polarization: Twitter shows the two sides of Venezuela
Creators: name: Morales, A. J.
name: Borondo, J.
name: Losada, J. C.
name: Benito, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We say that a population is perfectly polarized when divided in two groups of the same size and opposite opinions. In this paper, we propose a methodology to study and measure the emergence of polarization from social interactions. We begin by proposing a model to estimate opinions in which a minority of influential individuals propagate their opinions through a social network. The result of the model is an opinion probability density function. Next, we propose an index to quantify the extent to which the resulting distribution is polarized. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to a Twitter conversation about the late Venezuelan president, Hugo Chávez, finding a good agreement between our results and offline data. Hence, we show that our methodology can detect different degrees of polarization, depending on the structure of the network.
title: The Time-Dependent Ionospheric Model Using a TEC-Driven Servo: An Investigation of the Capabilities and Limitations
Creators: name: Whiteley, Jenny Rebecca
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: The ionosphere is a region of the atmosphere with a high density of electrons. These electrons affect the behavior of any electromagnetic wave that passes through the ionosphere. Communication and geolocation systems, such as traditional radio and Global Positioning Systems, depend on emitted electromagnetic signals being picked up by a receiver. The presence of the ionosphere affects the behavior of the signal and the quality of the service. Hence, the interactions between electromagnetic waves and the ionosphere provide a major motivation to understand, research, and successfully model and predict the ionosphere and its physical phenomena. This study focused on determining the capabilities and limitations of the time-dependent ionospheric model (TDIM) with the addition of a servo that was driven by using data that accounts for the total electron count (TEC) between a ground receiver and a Global Positioning System satellite. The TDIM and servo combined was called TST (TEC-driven Servo with TDIM) and TST has the ability to simulate values of the ionosphere’s peak electron density. This parameter was analyzed and compared to the electron peak density data obtained by the ground-based instrument known as an ionosonde. The ionosonde data was treated as ground truth. The comparison found that TST had the ability to simulate weather-level and location-based electron peak density variability. It was also determined that TST consistently overestimates the actual value when compared to ionosonde data. As an ionospheric model, TST needs continued refinement.
Supplemental - S2 from Predicting walking response to ankle exoskeletons using data-driven models
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Michael C.
name: Banjanin, Bora S.
name: Burden, Samuel A.
name: Steele, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Supplementary material descibing the theoretical support for input variable selection, ground reaction force data descriptions, and results for individual participants
Scattering from surface fractals in terms of composing mass fractals
Creators: name: Cherny, A. Yu.
name: Anitas, E. M.
name: Osipov, V. A.
name: Kuklin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that a finite iteration of any surface fractal can be composed of mass-fractal iterations of the same fractal dimension. Within this assertion, the scattering amplitude of surface fractal is shown to be a sum of the amplitudes of composing mass fractals. Various approximations for the scattering intensity of surface fractal are considered. It is shown that small-angle scattering (SAS) from a surface fractal can be explained in terms of power-law distribution of sizes of objects composing the fractal (internal polydispersity), provided the distance between objects is much larger than their size for each composing mass fractal. The power-law decay of the scattering intensity $I(q) \propto q^{D_{\mathrm{s}}-6}$, where $2 < D_{\mathrm{s}} < 3$ is the surface fractal dimension of the system, is realized as a non-coherent sum of scattering amplitudes of three-dimensional objects composing the fractal and obeying a power-law distribution $d N(r) \propto r^{-τ} dr$, with $D_{\mathrm{s}}=τ-1$. The distribution is continuous for random fractals and discrete for deterministic fractals. We suggest a model of surface deterministic fractal, the surface Cantor-like fractal, which is a sum of three-dimensional Cantor dusts at various iterations, and study its scattering properties. The present analysis allows us to extract additional information from SAS data, such us the edges of the fractal region, the fractal iteration number and the scaling factor.
description: Corrected and extended copy, 15 pages, 12 figures
Supplemental - S1 from Predicting walking response to ankle exoskeletons using data-driven models
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Michael C.
name: Banjanin, Bora S.
name: Burden, Samuel A.
name: Steele, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Supplementary material descibing additional details of the experimental setup, participant information, and technical details on modeling algorithms
Are there racial/ethnic disparities among women younger than 40 undergoing mammography?
Creators: name: Kapp, Julie M.
name: Yankaskas, Bonnie C.
name: Haneuse, Sebastien
name: Walker, Rod
name: Buist, Diana S.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: While the probability of a woman developing invasive breast cancer at age <40 is low (<1%), mammography use reported among younger women (age <40) is substantial, and varies by race/ethnicity. Little detail is known about mammography use among women aged <40, particularly by race/ethnicity. We describe racial/ethnic differences in: (1) mammography indication after considering underlying risk factors (breast symptoms and family history); (2) follow-up recommendations, and (3) mammography outcomes for first mammograms in women aged <40. These 1996–2005 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium data are prospectively pooled from seven U.S. mammography registries. Our community-based sample included 99,615 women aged 18–39 who self-reported race/ethnicity and presented for a first mammogram (screening or diagnostic) with no history of breast cancer. Multivariable analyses controlled for registry site, age, family history of breast cancer, symptoms, and exam year. Overall, 73.6% of the women in our sample were seen for a screening mammogram. Following screening mammography, African American (AA) women were more likely than white women to be recommended for additional workup [relative risk (RR): 1.15 (95% CI: 1.07–1.23)]. Following diagnostic mammography, AA [RR: 1.30 (95% CI: 1.17–1.44)] and Asian [RR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.26–1.64)] women were more likely to be recommended for biopsy, fine-needle aspiration, or surgical consultation. Depending on race/ethnicity, and considering the rate of true positive to total first screening mammograms of younger women, a women has a likelihood of a true positive of 1 in 363–1,122; she has a likelihood of a false positive of 1 in 7–10. This study of community-based practice found racial/ethnic variability in mammography indication, recommendations, and outcomes among women undergoing first mammography before 40. These findings highlight important areas for future research to understand the motivating factors for these practice patterns and the implications of early mammography use.
Common genetic variations in the LEP and LEPR genes, obesity and breast cancer incidence and survival
Creators: name: Santella, Regina M.
name: Long, Chang Min
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Gaudet, Mia M.
name: Eng, Sybil M.
name: Cleveland, Rebecca J.
name: Teitelbaum, Susan L.
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Obesity is a strong risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and adverse prognostic indicator regardless of menopausal status. Leptin is an important regulator of adipose tissue mass and has been associated with tumor cell growth. Leptin exerts its effects through interaction with the leptin receptor (LEPR). We investigated whether genetic variations in the leptin (LEP) and LEPR genes are associated with risk of breast cancer, or once diagnosed, with survival.
title: Improving Transparency and Verifiability in School Admissions: Theory and Experiment
Creators: name: Hakimov, Rustamdjan
name: Raghavan, Madhav
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: Students participating in centralized admissions procedures do not typically have access to the information used to determine their matched school, such as other students' preferences or school priorities. This can lead to doubts about whether their matched schools were computed correctly (the 'Verifiability Problem') or, at a deeper level, whether the promised admissions procedure was even used (the 'Transparency Problem'). In a general centralized admissions model that spans many popular applications, we show how these problems can be addressed by providing appropriate feedback to students, even without disclosing sensitive private information like other students' preferences or school priorities. In particular, we show that the Verifiability Problem can be solved by (1) publicly communicating the minimum scores required to be matched to a school ('cutoffs'); or (2) using 'predictable' preference elicitation procedures that convey rich 'experiential' information. In our main result, we show that the Transparency Problem can be solved by using cutoffs and predictable procedures together. We find strong support for these solutions in a laboratory experiment, and show how they can be simply implemented for popular school admissions applications involving top trading cycles, and deferred and immediate acceptance.
title: A Statewide Evaluation of Fuel Treatment Effectiveness in Altering Wildfire Outcomes on Public Lands in Utah
Creators: name: Thompson, Jamela Charmaine
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Fuel treatments are land management activities that reduce living and dead flammable materials on the landscape to mitigate undesirable wildfire behavior and effects. Common treatments in the western United States include mechanical methods such as thinning and mastication, prescribed burns, and chemical methods, such as herbicide application. Treatments usually have multiple objectives, including reducing fire intensity, protecting natural and cultural resources, slowing or disrupting a potential future fire’s path, supporting ecosystem health, and reestablishing low to mid severity fire cycles in ecosystems. Although treatments can potentially modify fire behavior and ecological health, they generally cannot prevent fires from igniting, eliminate fires from occurring, or consistently stop active fires from spreading. The majority of fuel treatments are never encountered by wildfire, which limits our understanding of effectiveness. In Utah, treatments are primarily implemented by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS). In order to increase understanding of fuel treatment effectiveness, I conducted a statewide study, including 3,208 fuel treatments and 1,558 wildfires on BLM and USFS managed lands across Utah from 1997 to 2019. The objective of my study was to evaluate treatment effectiveness using four metrics: 1.) Encounter rates, 2.) Burn severity, 3.) Manager reports and 4.) Ecological health. In Chapter 2, I summarized treatment and wildfire distributions and calculated a treatment encounter rate of 8.7%. I also analyzed burn severity in 48 treatments in forested vegetation, finding that treatments significantly reduced burn severity, especially in areas that had been treated repeatedly. Finally, manager observations from treatments encountered by fire were summarized, with findings that managers reported fuel treatments to be effective in the majority of encounters. Chapter 3 evaluated ecological health in juniper mastication treatments, using field measurements, and found no treatment effect on cheatgrass, bare ground, or sagebrush density post-fire. In conclusion, fuel treatments were effective in their primary goals of altering fire behavior and effects, based on the metrics of burn severity and manager reports. However, fuel treatments were seldom encountered by wildfire, and juniper mastication treatments were ineffective at improving the measured ecological health metrics. These findings suggest that expanding treated areas to improve encounter rates will increase the circumstances in which treatments are effective.
Diagnosis of second breast cancer events after initial diagnosis of early stage breast cancer
Creators: name: Kerlikowske, Karla
name: Geller, Berta M.
name: Krishnaraj, Arun
name: Carney, Patricia A.
name: Buist, Diana S.M.
name: Abraham, Linn A.
name: Sickles, Edward A.
name: Holdridge, Regan C.
name: Barlow, William E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To examine whether there are any characteristics of women or their initial tumors that might be useful for tailoring surveillance recommendations to optimize outcomes. We followed 17,286 women for up to 5 years after an initial diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or early stage (I/II) invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2006. We calculated rates per 1,000 women years of recurrences and second breast primaries relative to demographics, risk factors, and characteristics of initial diagnosis: stage, treatment, mode of initial diagnosis. Nearly 4% had a second breast cancer event (314 recurrences and 344 second breast primaries). Women who used adjuvant hormonal therapy or were ≥80 years had the lowest rates of second events. Factors associated with higher recurrence and second primary rates included: initial DCIS or stage IIB, estrogen/progesterone receptor-negative, younger women (<50 years). Women with a family history or greater breast density had higher second primary rates, and women who received breast conserving surgery without radiation had higher recurrence rates. Roughly one-third of recurrences (37.6%) and second primaries (36.3%) were not screen-detected. Initial mode of diagnosis was a predictor of second events after adjusting for age, stage, primary treatment, and breast density. A recent negative mammogram should not falsely reassure physicians or women with new breast symptoms or changes because one-third of second cancers were interval cancers. This study does not provide any evidence in support of changing surveillance intervals for different subgroups.
Seiberg-Witten invariants on manifolds with Riemannian foliations of codimension 4
Creators: name: Kordyukov, Yuri
name: Lejmi, Mehdi
name: Weber, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C12, 53D10, 57R57

description: We define Seiberg-Witten equations on closed manifolds endowed with a Riemannian foliation of codimension 4. When the foliation is taut, we show compactness of the moduli space under some hypothesis satisfied for instance by closed K-contact manifolds. Furthermore, we prove some vanishing and non-vanishing results and we highlight that the invariants may be used to distinguish different foliations on diffeomorphic manifolds.
description: To appear in Journal of Geometry and Physics. Final version
title: The Mental Health Correlates of Microaggressions Towards Transgender and Gender Diverse People of Color: Moderating Effects of Identity Affirmation and LGBTQ+ Community Connectedness
Creators: name: Chi, Kevin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other meaningful self-labeled sexual and gender identities) individuals experience daily stressors (e.g., discrimination, violence, hypervigilance, negative expectations) that contribute to poorer mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic symptoms, substance). For LGBTQ+ people of color (POC), identifying with multiple intersecting marginalized identities creates unique experiences of inequality that expose them to additional stressors, contributing to poorer mental health outcomes. Perceiving microaggressions, daily brief, everyday assaults on marginalized individuals, about one’s identity has been found to have negative mental health effects. TGD (transgender and gender diverse) POC face exposure to multiple types of microaggressions against specific components of their identity (racist, heterosexist, gendered), and the literature about the effects of these microaggressions on their mental health and potential protective factors is limited. Previous literature has linked identity affirmation, the process of developing positive feelings towards one’s identity, and community connectedness (LGBTQ+ and TGD specific) with positive mental health outcomes.
This study investigated how racist, heterosexist, and gendered microaggressions relate to anxiety and depression outcomes for LGBTQ+ POC. It also explored how the factors of identity affirmation and LGBTQ+ and TGD community connectedness might change or influence this relationship. Identity affirmation, LGBTQ+ community connectedness, and TGD community connectedness did not modify the strong, positive relationships of perceived racist, heterosexist, and gendered microaggressions with anxiety and depression for both LGBTQ+ POC and TGD POC. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that identity affirmation may partially mediate the relationships between racial microaggressions and anxiety and depression and between heterosexist microaggressions and depression for LGBTQ+ POC. Racial and heterosexist microaggressions may undermine the potential protective effect of identity affirmation, thus, contributing to poorer mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ POC.
Evaluation of established breast cancer risk factors as modifiers of BRCA1 or BRCA2: a multi-center case-only analysis
Creators: name: Marks, Jeffrey R.
name: Lee, Eunjung
name: Moorman, Patricia G.
name: Finkelstein, Dianne M.
name: Marcom, P. Kelly
name: Arun, Banu
name: Ursin, Giske
name: Gruber, Stephen
name: Visvanathan, Kala
name: Domchek, Susan M.
name: Schildkraut, Joellen M.
name: Griffin, Constance A.
name: Susswein, Lisa
name: Wang, Frances
name: Isaacs, Claudine
name: Garber, Judy E.
name: Sutphen, Rebecca
name: Rebbeck, Timothy R.
name: Brzosowicz, Jennifer
name: Iversen, Edwin S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The incomplete penetrance of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 suggests that some combination of environmental and genetic factors modifies the risk of breast cancer in mutation carriers. The current study sought to identify possible interactions between established breast cancer risk factors and BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations using a case-only study design. Breast cancer cases that had been tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were identified from 11 collaborating centers. Comparisons of reproductive and lifestyle risk factors were made between women with breast cancer who were positive for BRCA1 mutations (n=283), BRCA2 mutations (n=204) or negative for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (n=894). Interaction risk ratios (IRRs) were calculated using multinominal logistic regression models. Compared with non-carriers, statistically significant IRRs were observed for later age at menarche among BRCA2 mutation carriers, for a greater number of pregnancies among both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, and for alcohol use among BRCA1 mutation carriers. Our data suggest that the risk for breast cancer among BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers may be modified by reproductive characteristics and alcohol use. However, our results should be interpreted cautiously given the overall inconsistency in the epidemiologic literature on modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2.
title: A Scalable, Cost-Oriented Approach for Computing Charge Plans for Electric Bus Fleets
Creators: name: Mortensen, Daniel T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Recent attention for reduced carbon emissions has pushed transit authorities to adopt battery electric buses (BEBs). One challenge experienced by BEB users is extended charge times, which create logistical challenges and may force BEBs to charge when energy is more expensive. Furthermore, BEB charging leads to high power demands, which can significantly increase monthly power costs and may push electrical infrastructure beyond its present capacity, requiring expensive upgrades. This work presents a novel method for minimizing the monthly cost of BEB charging while meeting bus route constraints. This method extends previous work by incorporating a more novel cost model, effects from uncontrolled loads, differences between daytime and overnight charging, and variable rate charging. We propose using mixed integer linear programs, to encode the charging action space, physical bus constraints, and battery state of charge dynamics. We also consider results for three scenarios: uncontested charging, which uses equal numbers of buses and chargers, contested charging, which has more buses than chargers, and variable charge rates. We desire to show that BEBs can be added to the fleet so that both the runtime of the planning framework and monthly cost increase linearly with the number of buses so that the charge planning framework is scalable.
Clean Circles | Forschungsdatenmanagement - A Research Software Engineering Workflow for Computational Science and Engineering
Creators: name: Schwarzmeier, Moritz
name: Marić, Tomislav
name: Bothe, Dieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: research software engineering
software engineering
research data management
continuous integration
research software

description: A poster about research software engineering, describing the use of Continuous Integration for scientific (research) software in Computational Science and Engineering. It also presents the NFDI4Ing Knowledge Base (https://knowledge-base.nfdi4ing.de/) wherein this workflow is presented. Updates:
 v1.1: no changes in content. Add Project numbers and new pictures of people
Gene promoter methylation is associated with increased mortality among women with breast cancer
Creators: name: Santella, Regina M.
name: Garbowski, Gail
name: Teitelbaum, Susan L.
name: Cho, Yoon Hee
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Zhang, Yujing
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Wetmur, James G.
name: Xu, Xinran
name: Hibshoosh, Hanina
name: Bradshaw, Patrick T.
name: Chen, Jia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To better understand breast cancer etiology and progression, we explored the association between promoter methylation status of three breast cancer related genes (BRCA1, APC and p16) and survival in a large cohort of women with breast cancer. About 800 archived tumor tissues were collected from women diagnosed with a first primary invasive or in situ breast cancer in 1996–1997. The vital status of the participants was followed through the end of year 2005 with a mean follow up time of 8.0 years. Promoter methylation was assessed by methylation-specific PCR (for BRCA1) and MethyLight (for APC and p16). The association of promoter methylation and breast cancer mortality was evaluated by Cox-proportional hazards models. Methylated promoters were found in 59.0%, 48.4% and 3.6% of the tumor samples for BRCA1, APC and p16, respectively. Breast cancer-specific mortality was strongly associated with promoter methylation of p16 [HR and 95% CI: 3.53(1.83–6.78)], whereas the associations with of BRCA1 and APC were less pronounced [HR and 95% CI: 1.81(1.18–2.78) and 1.46(0.98–2.17), respectively]. Similar associations were observed with all-cause mortality. As the number of methylated genes increased, the risk of breast cancer-specific mortality also increased in a dose-dependent manner (p, trend=0.01). Importantly, even with our results stratified by hormone receptor status, promoter methylation of the three genes remained predictive of mortality. Our results suggest that promoter methylation could be promising epigenetic markers to be considered for breast cancer survival.
A uniform data model for joint publication of minor language dictionaries
Creators: name: Haspelmath, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: lexicography, data model, electronic dictionary

description: This paper proposes a data model for dictionaries of small languages that can be applied to any language and that allows publication of many different dictionaries in the same general framework, with identical search options and linking of entries via comparison meanings. Dictionaries of small languages are of great interest to linguistic scholarship, but publishing such dictionaries in a way that that permits easy use by linguists and speakers requires electronic publication in database form and a relatively uniform data structure
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, le cantonnier arrose le sable
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract