Pachytomella parallela
Creators: name: Namyatova, Anna A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Miridae
Pachytomella
Pachytomella parallela

description: Pachytomella parallela (Meyer-Dür, 1843)
(Figs. 1, 2, 4–7, 8C)
Capsus parallelus Meyer-Dür, 1843: 57.
Pachytomella parallela: REUTER (1890): 253 (revised generic placement).
Type locality. Rigi Kulm or Mt. Staffel, Switzerland.
Specimens examined. ANDORRA: Pas de la Casa, 42.55 ° N 1.73333 ° E, 15 Aug 1982, J. Ribes, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00253016) (ZIN). FRANCE: Gallia meridionalis, V. Jakovlev coll., 2 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315348, AMNH_PBI 00315349) (ZIN). AUVERGNE: HAUTE- LOIRE CO.: Fix-Saint-Geneys [Fix], 45.13333 ° N 3.66666 ° E, no details, 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00312821) (HNHM). GERMANY: BADEN- WÜRTTEMBERG: Breitnau, Schwarzwald [Mts.], 47.93333 ° N 8.06666 ° E, Jul 1907, Gulde, 2 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00313628, AMNH_PBI 00314557), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00313456) (HNHM); Feldberg, Todtnau (Schwaben), 47.86666 ° N 8 ° E, Sep 1950, Seidenstücker, 4♀♀ (AMNH_PBI 00145123, AMNH_PBI 00311125, AMNH_PBI 00313484, AMNH_PBI 00314290) (RLRF). HUNGARY: Csorna Kleva, 47.6 ° N 17.25 ° E, Pavel, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00145215) (HNHM). ROMANIA: Marmaros [= Sighetu Marmatiei], 47.91666 ° N 23.91666 ° E, 20 Jul 1883, Popdvan, 2 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00312307, AMNH_PBI 00313458), 2 spec. (AMNH_PBI 00313496, AMNH_PBI 00314461) (HNHM); Slopes of Pietros Mt., Zakarpatskaya Prov. (probably an error), 47.83 ° N 24.61 ° E, 21 Jul 1953, Roshko, 3♀♀ (AMNH_PBI 00269064, AMNH_PBI 00306281, AMNH_PBI 00313007) (ZIN). SPAIN: PROVINCIA DE GUIPUZCOA: Irupagoeta, Oiartzun [Elizalde], Gipuzkoa, 43.3 ° N 1.85 ° W, 625 m, 03 May 2003, S. Pagola Carte, 1 ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00312593), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00312592) (ZIN); Mairubaratza, Elizalde [Oiartzun], 43.3 ° N 1.85 ° W, 580 m, 03 May 2003, S. Pagola Carte, 1♁ (AMNH_PBI 00312074), 1 ♀ (AMNH_PBI 00312073) (ZIN). UKRAINE: Chernogory, Rakhov, Stanislav Dist., 48.17 ° N 24.5 ° E, 19 Jul 1953, Roshko, 1♁ (AMNH_PBI 00306279), 2♀♀ (AMNH_PBI 00306280, AMNH_PBI 00315248), 8 spec. (AMNH_PBI 00315249–AMNH_PBI 00315256) (ZIN); Polonina Sheska nr Goverla Mt., Zakarpatska, 48.13333 ° N 24.51666 ° E, 22 Jul 1953, Roshko, 5 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00306276–AMNH_PBI 00306278, AMNH_PBI 00315346–AMNH_PBI 00315347) (ZIN); Rivne [Rovno], Volynskaya Guberniya, 51.23333 ° N 23.8 ° E, 14 Jun 1951, Fasulati, 3 ♁♁ (AMNH_PBI 00315343–AMNH_PBI 00315345) (ZIN).
Redescription. Male: Macropterous, elongated, total length 2.8–4.0 mm. COLOURATION: Head: Dark brown to black, spot near each eye yellowish or brownish, sometimes indistinct; eye dark brown with yellowish posterior margin, sometimes pale brown with darker spots and with yellowish posterior margin; labium dark brown to black, sometimes brownish and paler than head; antenna dark brown to black. Thorax: Pronotum, scutellum, pleurites, and evaporatorium uniformly dark brown to black; coxae dark brown to black, same colour as pleurites or brownish, somewhat paler than pleurites; femora dark brown to black often with yellowish apices; tibiae dark brown to black, often yellowish basally, rarely femora and tibiae uniformly dark brown to black; tarsi dark brown to black. Abdomen: Dark brown to black. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in generic description, dorsum smooth, posterior margin of pronotum often somewhat rugose. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Body 2.9–4.0× as long as width of pronotum. Head: Shape, position of antennal fossa, and length of labium as in generic description; eye slightly protruding, not in contact with anterior angles of pronotum; head 1.4–1.6× wider than high; vertex 1.8–2.1× width of eye; antennal segment II 0.9–1.0× as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.9–1.2× as long as width of head, segments III and IV combined, somewhat shorter than antennal segment II. Thorax: Pronotum 2.1–2.5× wider than long and 1.1× as wide as head; posterior margin of pronotum straight or concave, mesoscutum partly exposed; hind femur not swollen. GENITALIA: Body of right paramere oval, apical process of left paramere slightly curved, without triangular process at base (Fig. 5); theca smooth, without apical depression on dorsal wall (Fig. 4); basal portion of ductus seminis uniformly sclerotised; distal portion of ductus seminis elongated, claw-shaped (Fig. 2); endosoma with two spicules, short spicule distinctly sclerotised, twisted, shorter than dorsal wall of theca; long spicule thin, distinctly longer than dorsal wall of theca, twisted, weakly sclerotised (Fig. 4).
Female: Brachypterous, oval, total length 2.0– 2.3 mm. COLOURATION (Fig. 1): As in male, antennal segment IV sometimes pale brown or yellowish, paler than others. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in generic description, dorsum slightly rugose. STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Structure as in generic description. Body 2.0–2.3× as long as width of pronotum. Head: Somewhat broader than in male, eye not protruding, in contact with anterior pronotal margin; head 1.3–1.5× as wide as high; vertex 2.4–2.7× wider than eye; antennal segment II 0.4–0.5× as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.4–0.5× as long as width of head; segments III and IV combined, longer than segment II. Thorax: Pronotum 2.1–2.3× wider than long and 0.9–1.0× as wide as head; posterior margin of pronotum concave, mesoscutum partly exposed; length of hemelytra ranging from reaching abdominal tergum VI to reaching abdominal tergum VII, with posterior margin truncate or broadly rounded; clavus separated with shallow suture, cuneal comissure longer than scutellum. GENITALIA: Rounded sclerotised ring 1/4 th– 1/5 th width of dorsal labiate plate; sclerotised areas near rings distinctly sclerotised and separated from each other, less than twice as long as sclerotised ring (Fig. 6); posterior wall with a pair of triangular sclerites projecting beyond anterior margin of posterior wall (Fig. 7).
Diffirential diagnosis. Distinguished by the macropterous male, relatively large body, femora often dark brown to black with yellowish apices, tibiae dark brown to black often yellowish basally, distinctly delineated clavus in female, apical process of left paramere without triangular process at base (Fig. 5), dorsal wall of theca smooth, without apical depression (Fig. 4), endosoma with two spicules and without denticulate area (Fig. 4), sclerotised ring of dorsal labiate plate roundish, and sclerotised area near sclerotised ring less than twice length of sclerotised ring (Fig. 6). Similar to P. passerinii, which can be distinguished from P. parallela by the smaller body size, uniformly dark femora and tibiae, and endosoma with a single spicule (Fig. 4), sclerotised ring distinctly oval, and sclerotised area near sclerotised ring more than twice length of sclerotised ring (Fig. 6).
Distribution. Widely distributed in European countries from Spain to Finland in the north and to Ukraine and Belarus in the east. Also recorded from Algeria (KERZHNER & JOSIFOV 1999).
Discussion. Pachytomella parallela and P. passerini are very similar to each other in external view. WAGNER & WEBER (1965) and WAGNER (1974) noticed that specimens could be distinguished by the ratio of antennal segment II to segment III, size, and colouration of femora.
Pachytomella parallela is somewhat larger on average than P. passerinii and often has femora with pale apices and tibiae with a pale bases, but I have also examined small specimens of P. parallela, as well as specimens with concolourous femora and tibiae. However, these two species could be easily distinguished by the structure of male and female genitalia, as discussed in the diagnosis.
description: Published as part of Namyatova, Anna A., 2010, Revision of the genus Pachytomella (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Halticini), pp. 341-368 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 50 (2) on pages 356-358, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503680