cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Araucaria Project. Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheid Variables in the Sculptor Galaxy NGC 55
Creators: name: Gieren, W.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Bresolin, F.
name: Kudritzki, R. P.
name: Storm, J.
name: Minniti, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained deep images in the near-infrared J and K filters of four fields in the Sculptor Group spiral galaxy NGC 55 with the ESO VLT and ISAAC camera. For 40 long-period Cepheid variables in these fields which were recently discovered by Pietrzy{ń}ski et al., we have determined mean J and K magnitudes from observations at two epochs, and derived distance moduli from the observed PL relations in these bands. Using these values together with the previously measured distance moduli in the optical V and I bands, we have determined a total mean reddening of the NGC 55 Cepheids of E(B-V)=0.127 $\pm$ 0.019 mag, which is mostly produced inside NGC 55 itself. For the true distance modulus of the galaxy, our multiwavelength analysis yields a value of 26.434 $\pm$ 0.037 mag (random error), corresponding to a distance of 1.94 $\pm$ 0.03 Mpc. This value is tied to an adopted true LMC distance modulus of 18.50 mag. The systematic uncertainty of our derived Cepheid distance to NGC 55 (apart from the uncertainty on the adopted LMC distance) is $\pm$4%, with the main contribution likely to come from the effect of blending of some of the Cepheids with unresolved companion stars. The distance of NGC 55 derived from our multiwavelength Cepheid analysis agrees within the errors with the distance of NGC 300, strengthening the case for a physical association of these two Sculptor Group galaxies.
description: latex. ApJ accepted
АНАЛИЗ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ В СФЕРЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ЗАКУПОК В ПЕРИОД COVID-19
Creators: name: ЛЕВШУК Владимир Владимирович
name: МАРУХА Егор Романович
name: БАГРЕЕВА Елена Геннадиевна
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2020
Subjects: Пандемия
COVID-19
состояние преступности
личность преступника
государственные закупки

description: Статья посвящена рассмотрению изменения преступности в сфере государственных закупок в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Цель: исследование причин и способов совершения наиболее распространённых преступлений, выявление портретов личности преступников. Проанализирована официальная статистика совершения преступлений. Предложены актуальные способы борьбы с преступностью.
Prospects for detecting cosmic filaments in Lyman-alpha emission across redshifts $z=2-5$
Creators: name: Liu, Yizhou
name: Gao, Liang
name: Liao, Shihong
name: Zhu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard $\rm Λ$CDM cosmological model predicts that a large amount of diffuse neutral hydrogen distributes in cosmic filaments, which could be mapped through Lyman-alpha (Ly$α$) emission observations. We use the hydrodynamical simulation Illustris-TNG50 to investigate the evolution of surface brightness and detectability of neutral hydrogen in cosmic filaments across redshifts $z=2-5$. While the HI column density of cosmic filaments decreases with redshift, due to the rising temperature with cosmic time in filaments, the surface brightness of Ly$α$ emission in filaments is brighter at lower redshifts, suggesting that the detection of cosmic filaments is more feasible at lower redshifts. However, most of the Ly$α$ emission from cosmic filaments is around $10^{-21}$ $\rm erg\ s^{-1}cm^{-2}arsec^{-2}$, making it extremely challenging to detect with current observational instruments. We further generate mock images using the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) spectrograph installed on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and a MUSE-like spectrograph on the upcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). Our finding indicates that while the VLT can only detect filamentary structures made of dense gas in galactic centers, the ELT is expected to reveal much finer filamentary structures from diffuse neutral hydrogen outside of galaxies. Compared to the VLT, both the number density and the longest length of filaments are greatly boosted with the ELT. Hence the forthcoming ELT is highly promising to provide a clearer view of cosmic filaments in Ly$α$ emission.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in APJ
Changing "us" and hostility towards "them"-Implicit theories of national identity determine prejudice and participation rates in an anti-immigrant petition
Creators: name: Bauer, Christina Anna
name: Hannover, Bettina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: anti-immigrant hostility
subject: implicit theories
subject: intergroup relations
subject: outgroup bias
subject: prejudice
subject: theories about national identity
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: National identity definitions determine who belongs to the national ingroup (e.g., “us Germans”) versus the “foreign” outgroup prone to hostile outgroup bias. We conducted five studies in two countries investigating if viewing the ingroup's national identity as fixed exacerbates the perceived divide between ingroup and outgroup and thus increases anti‐immigrant hostility, while a malleable view blurs the divide and reduces anti‐immigrant hostility. In a Prestudy (58 participants), an Implicit Theory of National Identity Scale was developed. In Studies 1 (154 participants) and 2 (390 participants), our scale predicted individuals’ prejudice and participation rates in a hypothetical referendum and a real petition against immigrants. In Studies 3 (225 participants) and 4 (225 participants), experimental evidence was obtained. Leading participants to believe that the definition of “a true compatriot” changes over time (rather than remaining the same) resulted in lower levels of prejudice and participation rates in an anti‐immigrant petition.
IGNNITION: Bridging the Gap Between Graph Neural Networks and Networking Systems
Creators: name: Pujol-Perich, David
name: Suárez-Varela, José
name: Ferriol, Miquel
name: Xiao, Shihan
name: Wu, Bo
name: Cabellos-Aparicio, Albert
name: Barlet-Ros, Pere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent years have seen the vast potential of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) in many fields where data is structured as graphs (e.g., chemistry, recommender systems). In particular, GNNs are becoming increasingly popular in the field of networking, as graphs are intrinsically present at many levels (e.g., topology, routing). The main novelty of GNNs is their ability to generalize to other networks unseen during training, which is an essential feature for developing practical Machine Learning (ML) solutions for networking. However, implementing a functional GNN prototype is currently a cumbersome task that requires strong skills in neural network programming. This poses an important barrier to network engineers that often do not have the necessary ML expertise. In this article, we present IGNNITION, a novel open-source framework that enables fast prototyping of GNNs for networking systems. IGNNITION is based on an intuitive high-level abstraction that hides the complexity behind GNNs, while still offering great flexibility to build custom GNN architectures. To showcase the versatility and performance of this framework, we implement two state-of-the-art GNN models applied to different networking use cases. Our results show that the GNN models produced by IGNNITION are equivalent in terms of accuracy and performance to their native implementations in TensorFlow.
Thermoresponsive Poly(glycidyl ether) Brush Coatings on Various Tissue Culture Substrates - How Block Copolymer Design and Substrate Material Govern Self-Assembly and Phase Transition
Creators: name: Stöbener, Daniel David
name: Weinhart, Marie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: critical aggregation concentration
subject: coil-to-globule transition
subject: mesoglobules
subject: thermal hysteresis
subject: physical adsorption
subject: C,H-insertion crosslinking
subject: grafting density
subject: brush conformation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes can be grafted to applied tissue culture substrates and used for the fabrication of primary human cell sheets. The self-assembly of such brushes is achieved via the directed physical adsorption and subsequent UV immobilization of block copolymers equipped with a short, photo-reactive benzophenone-based anchor block. Depending on the chemistry and hydrophobicity of the benzophenone anchor, we demonstrate that such block copolymers exhibit distinct thermoresponsive properties and aggregation behaviors in water. Independent on the block copolymer composition, we developed a versatile grafting-to process which allows the fabrication of poly(glycidyl ether) brushes on various tissue culture substrates from dilute aqueous-ethanolic solution. The viability of this process crucially depends on the chemistry and hydrophobicity of, both, benzophenone-based anchor block and substrate material. Utilizing these insights, we were able to manufacture thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes on moderately hydrophobic polystyrene and polycarbonate as well as on rather hydrophilic polyethylene terephthalate and tissue culture-treated polystyrene substrates. We further show that the temperature-dependent switchability of the brush coatings is not only dependent on the cloud point temperature of the block copolymers, but also markedly governed by the hydrophobicity of the surface-bound benzophenone anchor and the subjacent substrate material. Our findings demonstrate that the design of amphiphilic thermoresponsive block copolymers is crucial for their phase transition characteristics in solution and on surfaces.
Using Chandra to Unveil the High-Energy Properties of the High-Magnetic Field Radio Pulsar J1119-6127
Creators: name: Safi-Harb, Samar
name: Kumar, Harsha S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (shortened) PSR J1119-6127 is a high magnetic field (B=4.1E13 Gauss), young (<=1,700 year-old), and slow (P=408 ms) radio pulsar associated with the supernova remnant (SNR) G292.2-0.5. In 2003, Chandra allowed the detection of the X-ray counterpart of the radio pulsar, and provided the first evidence for a compact pulsar wind nebula (PWN). We here present new Chandra observations which allowed for the first time an imaging and spectroscopic study of the pulsar and PWN independently of each other. The PWN is only evident in the hard band and consists of jet-like structures extending to at least 7" from the pulsar, with the southern `jet' being longer than the northern `jet'. The spectrum of the PWN is described by a power law with a photon index~1.1 for the compact PWN and ~1.4 for the southern long jet (at a fixed column density of 1.8E22/cm2), and a total luminosity of 4E32 ergs/s (0.5-7 keV), at a distance of 8.4 kpc. The pulsar's spectrum is clearly softer than the PWN's spectrum. We rule out a single blackbody model for the pulsar, and present the first evidence of non-thermal (presumably magnetospheric) emission that dominates above ~3keV. A two-component model consisting of a power law component (with photon index ~1.5--2.0) plus a thermal component provides the best fit. The thermal component can be fit by either a blackbody model with a temperature kT~0.21 keV, or a neutron star atmospheric model with a temperature kT~0.14 keV. The efficiency of the pulsar in converting its rotational power, Edot, into non-thermal X-ray emission from the pulsar and PWN is ~5E-4, comparable to other rotation-powered pulsars with a similar Edot. We discuss our results in the context of the X-ray manifestation of high-magnetic field radio pulsars in comparison with rotation-powered pulsars and magnetars.
description: 26 pages including 3 tables and 7 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Community resistance, land use and wage labour in Paulatuk, N.W.T.
Creators: name: McDonnell, Sheila Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This paper discusses community resistance to the imposition of an external industrial socio-economic system and the destruction of a distinctive land-based way of life. It shows how historically Inuvialuit independence has been eroded by contact with the external economic system and the assimilationist policies of the government. In spite of these pressures, however, the Inuvialuit have struggled to retain their culture and their land-based economy. This thesis shows that hunting and trapping continue to be viable and to contribute significant income, both cash and income-in-kind to the community. This "hidden" economic reality underlies the preference of community residents for hunting over wage labour. The thesis also discusses how hunting and trapping are more compatible with community values and independence and how Paulatuk people have fought to maintain their land-based identity; "land is the critical element of the past and the cornerstone of the future." It shows how Paulatuk people have struggled to adjust the outside system's rules, in order to enjoy some of its benefits, while retaining important economic and cultural elements of the community way of life.
Validating Synthetic Galaxy Catalogs for Dark Energy Science in the LSST Era
Creators: name: Kovacs, Eve
name: Mao, Yao-Yuan
name: Aguena, Michel
name: Bahmanyar, Anita
name: Broussard, Adam
name: Butler, James
name: Campbell, Duncan
name: Chang, Chihway
name: Fu, Shenming
name: Heitmann, Katrin
name: Korytov, Danila
name: Lanusse, François
name: Larsen, Patricia
name: Mandelbaum, Rachel
name: Morrison, Christopher B.
name: Payerne, Constantin
name: Ricci, Marina
name: Rykoff, Eli
name: Sánchez, F. Javier
name: Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignacio
name: Simet, Melanie
name: To, Chun-Hao
name: Vikraman, Vinu
name: Zhou, Rongpu
name: Avestruz, Camille
name: Benoist, Christophe
name: Benson, Andrew J.
name: Bleem, Lindsey
name: Ćiprianović, Aleksandra
name: Combet, Céline
name: Gawiser, Eric
name: He, Shiyuan
name: Joseph, Remy
name: Newman, Jeffrey A.
name: Prat, Judit
name: Schmidt, Samuel
name: Slosar, Anže
name: Zuntz, Joe
name: Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large simulation efforts are required to provide synthetic galaxy catalogs for ongoing and upcoming cosmology surveys. These extragalactic catalogs are being used for many diverse purposes covering a wide range of scientific topics. In order to be useful, they must offer realistically complex information about the galaxies they contain. Hence, it is critical to implement a rigorous validation procedure that ensures that the simulated galaxy properties faithfully capture observations and delivers an assessment of the level of realism attained by the catalog. We present here a suite of validation tests that have been developed by the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC). We discuss how the inclusion of each test is driven by the scientific targets for static ground-based dark energy science and by the availability of suitable validation data. The validation criteria that are used to assess the performance of a catalog are flexible and depend on the science goals. We illustrate the utility of this suite by showing examples for the validation of cosmoDC2, the extragalactic catalog recently released for the LSST DESC second Data Challenge.
description: 46 pages, 33 figures
A characteristic observable signature of preferred frame effects in relativistic binary pulsars
Creators: name: Wex, N.
name: Kramer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we develop a consistent, phenomenological methodology to measure preferred-frame effects (PFEs) in binary pulsars that exhibit a high rate of periastron advance. We show that in these systems the existence of a preferred frame for gravity leads to an observable characteristic `signature' in the timing data, which uniquely identifies this effect. We expand the standard Damour-Deruelle timing formula to incorporate this `signature' and show how this new PFE timing model can be used to either measure or constrain the parameters related to a violation of the local Lorentz invariance of gravity in the strong internal fields of neutron stars. In particular, we demonstrate that in the presence of PFEs we expect a set of the new timing parameters to have a unique relationship that can be measured and tested incontrovertibly. This new methodology is applied to the Double Pulsar, which turns out to be the ideal test system for this kind of experiments.The currently available dataset allows us only to study the impact of PFEs on the orbital precession rate, d omega/dt, providing limits that are, at the moment, clearly less stringent than existing limits on PFE strong-field parameters. However, simulations show that the constraints improve fast in the coming years, allowing us to study all new PFE timing parameters and to check for the unique relationship between them. Finally, we show how a combination of several suitable systems in a "PFE antenna array", expected to be availabe for instance with the Square-Kilometre-Array (SKA), provides full sensitivity to possible violations of local Lorentz invariance in strong gravitational fields in all directions of the sky. This PFE antenna array may eventually allow us to determine the direction of a preferred frame should it exist.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 12 pages, 5 figures, figures 3 and 5 in reduced quality due to size limitations
A Holistic Approach to Reactive Mobile Manipulation
Creators: name: Haviland, Jesse
name: Sünderhauf, Niko
name: Corke, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the design and implementation of a taskable reactive mobile manipulation system. In contrary to related work, we treat the arm and base degrees of freedom as a holistic structure which greatly improves the speed and fluidity of the resulting motion. At the core of this approach is a robust and reactive motion controller which can achieve a desired end-effector pose, while avoiding joint position and velocity limits, and ensuring the mobile manipulator is manoeuvrable throughout the trajectory. This can support sensor-based behaviours such as closed-loop visual grasping. As no planning is involved in our approach, the robot is never stationary thinking about what to do next. We show the versatility of our holistic motion controller by implementing a pick and place system using behaviour trees and demonstrate this task on a 9-degree-of-freedom mobile manipulator. Additionally, we provide an open-source implementation of our motion controller for both non-holonomic and omnidirectional mobile manipulators available at jhavl.github.io/holistic.
description: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L). Preprint Version. Accepted January, 2022. The code and videos can be found at https://jhavl.github.io/holistic/
Effectiveness of Measures of Performance During Speculative Bubbles
Creators: name: Petroni, Filippo
name: Rotundo, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical analysis of financial data most focused on testing the validity of Brownian motion (Bm). Analysis performed on several time series have shown deviation from the Bm hypothesis, that is at the base of the evaluation of many financial derivatives. We inquiry in the behavior of measures of performance based on maximum drawdown movements (MDD), testing their stability when the underlying process deviates from the Bm hypothesis. In particular we consider the fractional Brownian motion (fBm), and fluctuations estimated empirically on raw market data. The case study of the rising part of speculative bubbles is reported.
NB BLG model in N=8 superfields
Creators: name: Bandos, Igor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the N=8 superfield description of the Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson (BLG) model in its Nambu bracket (NB) realization. The basic ingredient is the octet of scalar d=3 N=8 superfields depending also on the coordinates of a compact three dimensional space M. It is restricted by the 'superembedding-like' equation, which can be treated as covariantization of the linearized superembedding equation for supermembrane (M2-brane) with respect volume preserving diffeomorphisms SDiff3 of M. The curvatures of SDiff3 connection are expressed through the scalar superfields by the N=8 superfield generalization of the Chern-Simons equation (super-CS equation). We show how the dynamical BLG equations appear when studying consistency of these basic equations.
description: 8 pages, no figures. V2: References added, misprints corrected, some cosmetic changes made, comment on ref [17] in 'notes added' extended. V3. More misprints corrected. Version to appear in Phys.Lett. B
Chess Rating Estimation from Moves and Clock Times Using a CNN-LSTM
Creators: name: Omori, Michael
name: Tadepalli, Prasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current chess rating systems update ratings incrementally and may not always accurately reflect a player's true strength at all times, especially for rapidly improving players or very rusty players. To overcome this, we explore a method to estimate player ratings directly from game moves and clock times. We compiled a benchmark dataset from Lichess with over one million games, encompassing various time controls and including move sequences and clock times. Our model architecture comprises a CNN to learn positional features, which are then integrated with clock-time data into a Bidirectional LSTM, predicting player ratings after each move. The model achieved an MAE of 182 rating points on the test data. Additionally, we applied our model to the 2024 IEEE Big Data Cup Chess Puzzle Difficulty Competition dataset, predicted puzzle ratings and achieved competitive results. This model is the first to use no hand-crafted features to estimate chess ratings and also the first to output a rating prediction after each move. Our method highlights the potential of using move-based rating estimation for enhancing rating systems and potentially other applications such as cheating detection.
description: Accepted CG 2024 (11 pages, 2 figures)
Topological Components in a Community Currency Network
Creators: name: Criscione, Teodoro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transaction data from digital payment systems can be used to study economic processes in such detail that was not possible previously. Here, data from the Sarafu token network, a Community Inclusion Currency in Kenya, is analysed. During the COVID-19 emergency, Sarafu was distributed as part of a humanitarian aid project. In this work, the transactions are analysed using network science. A topological categorisation is defined to identify cyclic and acyclic components. Furthermore, temporal aspects of the circulation that takes place within these components are considered. The significant presence of different types of strongly connected components compared to randomised null models shows the importance of cycles in this economic network. Especially, indicating their key role in currency recirculation. In some acyclic components, the most significant triad suggests the presence of a group of users collecting currency from accounts that are active only once, hinting at a possible misuse of the system. In some other acyclic components, small isolated groups of users were active only once, suggesting the presence of users only interested in trying the system out. The methods used in this paper can answer specific questions related to user activities, currency design, and assessment of monetary interventions. The methodology provides a general quantitative tool to analyse the behaviour of users in a currency network.
description: Version Submitted Before Peer-review. An updated peer-reviewed version is available for download at Oxford Journal of Complex Networks
Light unflavor vector meson spectroscopy around the mass range of $2.4\sim 3$ GeV and possible experimental evidence
Creators: name: Wang, Li-Ming
name: Luo, Si-Qiang
name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we predict the spectroscopy behavior of these light unflavored vector mesons with masses at the range of $2.4\sim 3$ GeV, which are still missing in the experiment. By presenting their mass spectrum and studying their two-body Okubo-Zweig-lizuka allowed decay widths, we discuss the possible experimental evidences of these discussed states combining with the present experimental data. Especially, we strongly suggest that our experimental colleagues carry out the exploration of these higher states via the $e^+e^-$ annihilation into light mesons. It is obvious that BESIII and Belle II will be potential experiments to achieve this target.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures and 1 table. Accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Allovalency revisited: an analysis of multisite phosphorylation and substrate rebinding
Creators: name: Locasale, Jason W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The utilization of multiple phosphorylation sites in regulating a biological response is ubiquitous in cell signaling. If each site contributes an additional, equivalent binding site, then one consequence of an increase in the number of phosphorylations may be to increase the probability that, upon disassociation, a ligand immediately rebinds to its receptor. How such effects may influence cell signaling systems has been less studied. Here, a self-consistent integral equation formalism for ligand rebinding, in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations, is employed to further investigate the effects of multiple, equivalent binding sites on shaping biological responses. Multiple regimes that characterize qualitatively different physics due to the differential prevalence of rebinding effects are predicted. Calculations suggest that when ligand rebinding contributes significantly to the dose response, a purely allovalent model can influence the binding curves nonlinearly. The model also predicts that ligand rebinding in itself appears insufficient to generative a highly cooperative biological response.
description: 44 pages, 5 figures; accepted Journal of Chemical Physics
Measurement of spin Chern numbers in quantum simulated topological insulators
Creators: name: Lv, Qing-Xian
name: Du, Yan-Xiong
name: Liang, Zhen-Tao
name: Liu, Hong-Zhi
name: Liang, Jia-Hao
name: Chen, Lin-Qing
name: Zhou, Li-Ming
name: Zhang, Shan-Chao
name: Zhang, Dan-Wei
name: Ai, Bao-Quan
name: Yan, Hui
name: Zhu, Shi-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topology of quantum systems has become a topic of great interest since the discovery of topological insulators. However, as a hallmark of the topological insulators, the spin Chern number has not yet been experimentally detected. The challenge to directly measure this topological invariant lies in the fact that this spin Chern number is defined based on artificially constructed wavefunctions. Here we experimentally mimic the celebrated Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model with cold atoms, and then measure the spin Chern number with the linear response theory. We observe that, although the Chern number for each spin component is ill defined, the spin Chern number measured by their difference is still well defined when both energy and spin gaps are non-vanished.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Modern Convolutional Neural Networks for Rebar Detection in Bridge Deck GPR B-Scans on Embedded Systems
Creators: name: Pouria Asadi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Rebar detection in bridge deck Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) B-scans using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for on-site applications is addressed. The authors investigated accuracy/frame rate trade-off of modern deep learning detection methods for automatic rebar detection in GPR B-scans on ARM platforms.
Arenopontia riedli Lindgren 1976
Creators: name: Sak, Serdar
name: Karaytuğ, Süphan
name: Huys, Rony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Copepoda
Harpacticoida
Arenopontiidae
Arenopontia
Arenopontia riedli

description: Arenopontia riedli Lindgren, 1976
Arenopontia (Arenopontia) riedli Lindgren, 1976: Bodin (1979: 124)
Original description. Lindgren (1976): 233–238; Figs 3–5.
Type locality. U.S.A., North Carolina, near Morehead City, west of Ocean Steamer Pier on the oceanic side of Bogue Bank (76°50’00” W, 34°41’30” N); fully exposed high-energy sandy beach.
Material examined. None. According to Lindgren (1976) the type material of A. riedli was deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. but subsequent attempts to trace it failed (T. C. Walter, pers. comm.).
Remarks. This species [body length: 390 μm (♀), 350 μm (♂)] can readily be distinguished from its congeners by the most primitive armature on P2–P3 enp-2 (Table 1). Lindgren (1976) stated that P1 exp-3 has “... three geniculate setae and one spine” but his illustration shows the typical armature for the genus, except that the innermost element is not penicillate (probably an oversight due to imperfect orientation). He also claimed that P1–P2 had an outer basal seta but his drawings prove otherwise, showing only the spinules typically found in this position. Lindgren (1976) found that there was little overlap in distribution within the beach between A. riedli and a closely related population, which he attributed to A. subterranea. The species is so far known only from its type locality in North Carolina where it is common in the coastal groundwater between mean sea level and mean low water mark.
description: Published as part of Sak, Serdar, Karaytuğ, Süphan & Huys, Rony, 2024, A revision of the genus Arenopontia Kunz, 1937 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae), including the description of five new species, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 5433 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5433.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10953646
Construction of a reference transcriptome for the analysis of male sterility in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) focusing on MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1)
Creators: name: Wei, Fu-Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scripts used for the following study: "Construction of a reference transcriptome for the analysis of male sterility in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) focusing on MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1)" by Wei et al. 2021Abstract: Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) is an important conifer used for afforestation in Japan. As the genome of this species is 11 Gbps, it is too large to assemble within a short timeframe. Transcriptomics is one approach that can address the deficiency. Here we designed a workflow consisting of three stages to de novo assemble transcriptome using Oases and Trinity. The three transcriptomic stage used were independent assembly, automatic and semi-manual integration, and refinement by filtering out potential contamination. We identified a set of 49,795 cDNA and an equal number of translated proteins (CJ3006NRE). According to the benchmark set by BUSCO, 87.01% of cDNAs identified were complete genes, and 78.47% were complete and single-copy genes. Compared to other full-length cDNA resources collected by Sanger and PacBio sequencers, the extent of the coverage in our dataset was the highest, indicating that these data can be safely used for further studies. When two tissue-specific libraries were compared, there were significant expression differences between male strobili and leaf and bark sets. Moreover, subtle expression difference between male-fertile and sterile libraries were detected. Orthologous genes from other model plants and conifer species were identified. We demonstrated that our transcriptome assembly output (CJ3006NRE) can serve as a reference transcriptome for future functional genomics and evolutionary biology studies.
The sensitivity of optimal value functions in differential inclusion problems
Creators: name: Loewen, Philip Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In many practical situations, the parameters of a control system are not known exactly. For this reason, much recent literature is concerned with the sensitivity of dynamic optimization problems to small perturbations of their basic character. This thesis discusses the sensitivity of a general differential inclusion problem to perturbations of its objective function, dynamic constraint, and endpoint conditions. Such perturbations, here introduced by a finite-dimensional vector u, define a Value function V(u) by inducing changes in the problem's optimal value. After Chapter I reviews the calculus of generalized gradients, Chapter II provides a formula for a certain quantitative index of the problem's sensitivity to changes in u: the generalized gradient of V. The basic approach is that used by Clarke in "Optimization and Nonsmooth Analysis" (New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1983)., Theorem 3.4.3. The results presented in Chapter II compare well with Clarke's in the appropriate special case. Chapter III extends the sensitivity analysis of Chapter II to treat free time problems, in which the planning period is a further choice variable. A brief discussion of controllability and an example from mathematical economics constitute Chapter IV.
Quantum path interference in the wavelength dependence of high-harmonic generation
Creators: name: Schiessl, K.
name: Ishikawa, K. L.
name: Persson, E.
name: Burgdörfer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dependence of the intensity of radiation due to high-harmonic generation (HHG) as a function of the wavelength of the fundamental driver field. Superimposed on a smooth power-law dependence observed previously we find surprisingly strong and rapid fluctuations on a fine wavelength scale. We identify the origin of these fluctuations in terms of quantum path interferences with up to five returning orbits significantly contributing.
Primordial tensor bispectra in $μ$-CMB cross-correlations
Creators: name: Orlando, Giorgio
name: Meerburg, P. Daniel
name: Patil, Subodh P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross-correlations between Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies and $μ$-spectral distortions have been considered to measure (squeezed) primordial scalar bispectra in a range of scales inaccessible to primary CMB bispectra. In this work we address whether it is possible to constrain tensor non-Gaussianities with these cross-correlations. We find that only primordial tensor bispectra with statistical anisotropies leave distinct signatures, while isotropic tensor bispectra leave either vanishing or highly suppressed signatures. We discuss how the angular dependence of squeezed bispectra in terms of the short and long momenta determine the non-zero cross-correlations. We also discuss how these non-vanishing configurations are affected by the way in which primordial bispectra transform under parity. By employing the so-called BipoSH formalism to capture the observational effects of statistical anisotropies, we make Fisher-forecasts to assess the detection prospects from $μT$, $μE$ and $μB$ cross-correlations. Observing statistical anisotropies in squeezed $\langle γγγ\rangle$ and $\langle γγζ\rangle$ bispectra is going to be challenging as the imprint of tensor perturbations on $μ$-distortions is subdominant to scalar perturbations, therefore requiring a large, independent amplification of the effect of tensor perturbations in the $μ$-epoch. In absence of such a mechanism, statistical anisotropies in squeezed $\langle ζζγ\rangle$ bispectrum are the most relevant sources of $μT$, $μE$ and $μB$ cross-correlations. In particular, we point out that in anisotropic inflationary models where $\langle ζζζ\rangle$ leaves potentially observable signatures in $μT$ and $μE$, the detection prospects of $\langle ζζγ\rangle$ from $μB$ are enhanced.
description: 36 pages, 6 figures. v3: Other typos corrected. Matched published version
Halo density reduction by baryonic settling?
Creators: name: Jardel, J. R.
name: Sellwood, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the proposal by El-Zant et al that the dark matter density of halos could be reduced through dynamical friction acting on heavy baryonic clumps in the early stages of galaxy formation. Using N-body simulations, we confirm that the inner halo density cusp is flattened to 0.2 of the halo break radius by the settling of a single clump of mass \ga 0.5% of the halo mass. We also find that an ensemble of 50 clumps each having masses \ga 0.2% can flatten the cusp to almost the halo break radius on a time scale of \sim9 Gyr, for an NFW halo of concentration 15. We summarize some of the difficulties that need to be overcome if this mechanism is to resolve the apparent conflict between the observed inner densities of galaxy halos and the predictions of LCDM.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, uses emulateapj
title: Illness representation, coping and outcome in irritable bowel syndrome
Creators: name: Rutter, Claire
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: The majority of research using the commonsense model of illness representation has focused upon observable, organic illness; little research has been directed at invisible, functional illness, even though a clear understanding of the cognitive mechanisms in functional illness is warranted. The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the illness cognitions (or illness representation) of different populations of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) sufferers over time, to examine whether these cognitions can predict simultaneous and subsequent outcome, and to determine if coping mediates the link between illness representation and outcome as the commonsense model suggests. The first two chapters introduce the commonsense model, and discuss why IBS is a worthwhile illness to study in this way. Chapters 3,4,5 and 6 describe each of the four studies conducted in order to examine the commonsense model with IBS sufferers/patients. Sufferers/patients were recruited from three different populations: selfhelp groups, primary and secondary care. Three of the four studies were longitudinal so that the predictive nature of the representation components could be assessed over time. In addition, three of the four studies compared the responses of IBS sufferers to sufferers of other illnesses: inflammatory bowel disease (1131D) (an organic illness) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients (a functional non-GI illness). All four studies confirmed that the illness representation of IBS sufferers can predict outcome, and have shown that the representation can predict anxiety significantly 12 months later. All four studies demonstrated the importance of the serious consequence component of the illness representation; reporting that IBS has serious consequences was related significantly to poor outcome. Avoidant coping was found to partially mediate the link between illness representation and outcome but was found to not contribute much to the illness representation. The predictive strength of the illness representation is stronger in IBS sufferers compared to IBD sufferers. While we can hypothesise that the strength of the representation is attributable to the illness' functional status we cannot make any further assessment regarding the role of symptom presentation due to the small number of CFS patients recruited. The final chapter outlines the main findings of the thesis and discusses the salient points. The theoretical and empirical implications of this research are discussed.
The Hubble Tension: Relativistic Dark Matter Production from Long-lived Particles
Creators: name: de Jesus, Alvaro S.
name: Paixão, Matheus M. A.
name: da Silva, Dêivid R.
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
name: Pinto-Neto, Nelson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tension between direct measurements of the Hubble constant and those stemming from Cosmic Microwave Background probes has triggered a multitude of studies. The connection between cosmology and particle physics has shown to be a valuable approach to addressing the Hubble tension. In particular, increasing the number of relativistic degrees of freedom in the early universe helps alleviate the problem. In this work, we write down effective field theory describing relativistic dark matter production in association with neutrinos leading to a larger $H_0$. We derive limits on the effective energy scale that governs this relativistic production of dark matter as a function of the dark matter mass for fermion, vector, and scalar dark matter fields. In particular, scalar dark matter particles are more effective in increasing the effective number of relativistic species. Also, if they have weak scale masses, then the relativistic production of dark matter should be governed by Planck scale effective operators in order to alleviate the Hubble tension.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). XIII. Nitrogen fractionation towards the protocluster OMC-2 FIR4
Creators: name: Evans, Lucy
name: Fontani, Francesco
name: Vastel, Charlotte
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Caselli, Paola
name: López-Sepulcre, Ana
name: Neri, Roberto
name: Alves, Felipe
name: Chahine, Layal
name: Favre, Cecile
name: Lattanzi, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isotopic fractionation is an important tool to investigate the chemical history of our Solar System (SS). In particular, the isotopic fraction of nitrogen (14N/15N) is lower in comets and other pristine SS bodies with respect to the value measured for the protosolar nebula, suggesting a local chemical enrichment of 15N during the SS formation. Therefore, interferometric studies of nitrogen fractionation in SS precursors are imperative for us to obtain clues about our astrochemical origins. In this work, we investigated the variation of the 14N/15N ratio in one of the closest analogues of the environment in which the SS was born: the protocluster OMC-2 FIR4. We present the first comparison at high angular resolution between HCN and N2H+ using interferometric data. We analysed observations of the HCN isotopologues H13CN and HC15N in the OMC-2 FIR4 protocluster, specifically the transitions H13CN (1-0) and HC15N (1-0), from NOEMA within the context of the IRAM Seeds Of Life In Space Large Program. We combined our results with analysis of archival data obtained with ALMA of N2H+ and its 15N isotopologues. Our results show a small regional variation in the ratio for HCN from ~250 to 500. The ratios in the central regions of FIR4, where the candidate protostars are located, are largely consistent (~300). They also show little variation from the part of the protocluster known to harbour a high cosmic-ray ionisation rate, to the portion with lower rate. We also found a small variation in the ratio of N2H+ across different regions from ~200 to ~400. These results suggest that local changes in the physical parameters occurring on small linear scales probed by our observations do not seem to affect the 14N/15N ratio in either HCN or N2H+ and hence that this is independent of the molecule used. Moreover, the high level of irradiation due to cosmic rays does not affect the N-fractionation either.