cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AgentClinic: a multimodal agent benchmark to evaluate AI in simulated clinical environments
Creators: name: Schmidgall, Samuel
name: Ziaei, Rojin
name: Harris, Carl
name: Reis, Eduardo
name: Jopling, Jeffrey
name: Moor, Michael
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
Computation and Language (cs.CL)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diagnosing and managing a patient is a complex, sequential decision making process that requires physicians to obtain information -- such as which tests to perform -- and to act upon it. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) promise to profoundly impact clinical care. However, current evaluation schemes overrely on static medical question-answering benchmarks, falling short on interactive decision-making that is required in real-life clinical work. Here, we present AgentClinic: a multimodal benchmark to evaluate LLMs in their ability to operate as agents in simulated clinical environments. In our benchmark, the doctor agent must uncover the patient's diagnosis through dialogue and active data collection. We present two open medical agent benchmarks: a multimodal image and dialogue environment, AgentClinic-NEJM, and a dialogue-only environment, AgentClinic-MedQA. We embed cognitive and implicit biases both in patient and doctor agents to emulate realistic interactions between biased agents. We find that introducing bias leads to large reductions in diagnostic accuracy of the doctor agents, as well as reduced compliance, confidence, and follow-up consultation willingness in patient agents. Evaluating a suite of state-of-the-art LLMs, we find that several models that excel in benchmarks like MedQA are performing poorly in AgentClinic-MedQA. We find that the LLM used in the patient agent is an important factor for performance in the AgentClinic benchmark. We show that both having limited interactions as well as too many interaction reduces diagnostic accuracy in doctor agents. The code and data for this work is publicly available at https://AgentClinic.github.io.
description: arXiv
A charge model as an effective model of one-dimensional Hubbard and extended Hubbard systems: its application to linear optical spectrum calculations in large systems based upon many-body Wannier functions
Creators: name: Ohmura, Shu
name: Takahashi, Akira
name: Iwano, Kaoru
name: Yamaguchi, Tokitake
name: Shinjo, Kazuya
name: Tohyama, Takami
name: Sota, Shigetoshi
name: Okamoto, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective model called the "charge model", for the half-filled one-dimensional Hubbard and extended Hubbard models. In this model, spin-charge separation, which has been justified from an infinite on-site repulsion ($U$) in the strict sense, is compatible with charge fluctuations. Our analyses based on the many-body Wannier functions succeeded in determining the optical conductivity spectra in large systems. The obtained spectra reproduce the spectra for the original models well even in the intermediate $U$ region of $U=5-10T$, with $T$ being the nearest-neighbor electron hopping energy. These results indicate that the spin-charge separation works fairly well in this intermediate $U$ region against the usual expectation and that the charge model is an effective model that applies to actual quasi-one-dimensional materials classified as strongly correlated electron systems.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures
Almanac Copilot: Towards Autonomous Electronic Health Record Navigation
Creators: name: Zakka, Cyril
name: Cho, Joseph
name: Fahed, Gracia
name: Shad, Rohan
name: Moor, Michael
name: Fong, Robyn
name: Kaur, Dhamanpreet
name: Ravi, Vishnu
name: Aalami, Oliver
name: Daneshjou, Roxana
name: Chaudhari, Akshay
name: Hiesinger, William
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Clinicians spend large amounts of time on clinical documentation, and inefficiencies impact quality of care and increase clinician burnout. Despite the promise of electronic medical records (EMR), the transition from paper-based records has been negatively associated with clinician wellness, in part due to poor user experience, increased burden of documentation, and alert fatigue. In this study, we present Almanac Copilot, an autonomous agent capable of assisting clinicians with EMR-specific tasks such as information retrieval and order placement. On EHR-QA, a synthetic evaluation dataset of 300 common EHR queries based on real patient data, Almanac Copilot obtains a successful task completion rate of 74% (n = 221 tasks) with a mean score of 2.45 over 3 (95% CI:2.34-2.56). By automating routine tasks and streamlining the documentation process, our findings highlight the significant potential of autonomous agents to mitigate the cognitive load imposed on clinicians by current EMR systems.
description: arXiv
Galactic Archaeology with asteroseismic ages. II. Confirmation of a delayed gas infall using Bayesian analysis based on MCMC methods
Creators: name: Spitoni, E.
name: Verma, K.
name: Aguirre, V. Silva
name: Calura, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the wealth of information from large surveys and observational campaigns in the contemporary era, it is critical to properly exploit the data to constrain the parameters of Galactic chemical evolution models and quantify the associated uncertainties. We aim at constraining the two-infall chemical evolution models for the solar annulus using the measured chemical abundance ratios and seismically inferred age of stars in the APOKASC sample. In the revised two-infall chemical evolution models by Spitoni et al. (2019), a significant delay of $\sim 4.3$ Gyr has been invoked between the two episodes of gas accretion. In this work, we wish to test its robustness and statistically confirm/quantify the delay. For the first time, a Bayesian framework based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods has been used for fitting the two-infall chemical evolution models to the data. In addition to fitting the data for stars in the APOKASC sample, our best fit models also reproduce other important observational constraints of the chemical evolution of the disk: i) present day stellar surface density; ii) present day supernova and star formation rates; iii) the metallicity distribution function; and iv) solar abundance values. We found a significant delay between the two gas accretion episodes for various models explored with different values for the star formation efficiencies. The values for the delay lie in the range $4.5-5.5$ Gyr. The results suggest that the APOKASC sample carries the signature of delayed gas-rich merger, with the dilution as main process determining the shape of low-$α$ stars in the abundance ratios space.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A), 12 pages, 13 figures
Reducing Self-Selection Bias in Feeder Cattle Premium Estimates Using Matched Sampling
Creators: name: Williams, Brian R.
name: DeVuyst, Eric A.
name: Peel, Derrell S.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Williams, Brian R.
name: DeVuyst, Eric A.
name: Peel, Derrell S.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: feeder cattle
subject: propensity score matching
subject: selection bias
subject: value-added marketing

description: Past value-added research employs hedonic pricing models to estimate premiums associated with value-added feeder cattle characteristics. However, hedonic pricing models require restrictive assumptions and impose a functional form. Producers also self-select into a treatment group, potentially biasing estimates. Using propensity score matching, we reduce potential bias from producer self-selection and from imposing a functional form. Results suggest that hedonic pricing models may be negatively biased in estimates of premiums received by value-added calf producers. Current adopters receive a premium of $5.38/cwt from participation in a certified preconditioning program, while nonadopters would realize $5.17/cwt by adopting certification. Hedonic model values range from $0.52/cwt to $4.32/cwt, for similar or identical preconditioning programs.
A Jammer-Mitigating 267 Mb/s 3.78mm² 583 mW 32 x 8 Multi-User MIMO Receiver in 22FDX
Creators: name: Bucheli, Florian
name: Castañeda Fernández, Oscar
name: Marti, Gian
name: Studer, Christoph
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: 2024 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)
description: ISBN:979-8-3503-6146-9
Polar Perturbations of Self-gravitating Supermassive Global Monopoles
Creators: name: Watabe, Hiroshi
name: Torii, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous global symmetry breaking of O(3) scalar field gives rise to point-like topological defects, global monopoles. By taking into account self-gravity,the qualitative feature of the global monopole solutions depends on the vacuum expectation value v of the scalar field. When v < sqrt{1 / 8 pi}, there are global monopole solutions which have a deficit solid angle defined at infinity. When sqrt{1 / 8 pi} <= v < sqrt{3 / 8 pi}, there are global monopole solutions with the cosmological horizon, which we call the supermassive global monopole. When v >= sqrt{3 / 8 pi}, there is no nontrivial solution. It was shown that all of these solutions are stable against the spherical perturbations. In addition to the global monopole solutions, the de Sitter solutions exist for any value of v. They are stable against the spherical perturbations when v <= sqrt{3 / 8 pi}, while unstable for v > sqrt{3 / 8 pi}. We study polar perturbations of these solutions and find that all self-gravitating global monopoles are stable even against polar perturbations, independently of the existence of the cosmological horizon, while the de Sitter solutions are always unstable.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, corrected some type mistakes (already corrected in PRD version)
Holomorphic potentials for graded D-branes
Creators: name: Lazaroiu, C. I.
name: Roiban, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss gauge-fixing, propagators and effective potentials for topological A-brane composites in Calabi-Yau compactifications. This allows for the construction of a holomorphic potential describing the low-energy dynamics of such systems, which generalizes the superpotentials known from the ungraded case. Upon using results of homotopy algebra, we show that the string field and low energy descriptions of the moduli space agree, and that the deformations of such backgrounds are described by a certain extended version of `off-shell Massey products' associated with flat graded superbundles. As examples, we consider a class of graded D-brane pairs of unit relative grade. Upon computing the holomorphic potential, we study their moduli space of composites. In particular, we give a general proof that such pairs can form acyclic condensates, and, for a particular case, show that another branch of their moduli space describes condensation of a two-form.
description: 47 pages, 7 figures
The gauge invariance of the non-Abelian Chern-Simons action for D-branes revisited
Creators: name: Adam, Joke
name: Gheerardyn, Jos
name: Janssen, Bert
name: Lozano, Yolanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an elegant method to prove the invariance of the Chern-Simons part of the non-Abelian action for N coinciding D-branes under the R-R and NS-NS gauge transformations, by carefully defining what is meant by a background gauge transformation in the non-Abelian world volume action. We study as well the invariance under massive gauge transformations of the massive Type IIA supergravity and show that no massive dielectric couplings are necessary to achieve this invariance. We show that this result is consistent with (massive) T-duality from the non-Abelian action for N D9-branes.
description: Latex, 11 pages. v2: reference added. v3: minor changes and typos corrected. version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
A black box for dark sector physics: Predicting dark matter annihilation feedback with conditional GANs
Creators: name: List, Florian
name: Bhat, Ishaan
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditionally, incorporating additional physics into existing cosmological simulations requires re-running the cosmological simulation code, which can be computationally expensive. We show that conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) can be harnessed to predict how changing the underlying physics alters the simulation results. To illustrate this, we train a cGAN to learn the impact of dark matter annihilation feedback (DMAF) on the gas density distribution. The predicted gas density slices are visually difficult to distinguish from their real brethren and the peak counts differ by less than 10 per cent for all test samples (the average deviation is < 3 per cent). Finally, we invert the problem and show that cGANs are capable of endowing smooth density distributions with realistic substructure. The cGAN does however have difficulty generating new knots as well as creating/eliminating bubble-like structures. We conclude that trained cGANs can be an effective approach to provide mock samples of cosmological simulations incorporating DMAF physics from existing samples of standard cosmological simulations of the evolution of cosmic structure.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Value of Genetic Information for Management and Selection of Feedlot Cattle
Creators: name: Thompson, Nathanael M.
name: DeVuyst, Eric A.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Thompson, Nathanael M.
name: DeVuyst, Eric A.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: beef cattle
subject: genetics
subject: molecular breeding value
subject: value of information

description: We estimate the value of using information from genetic marker panels for seven economically relevant feedlot cattle traits. The values of using genetic information to sort cattle by optimal days-on-feed are less than $1/head for each of the traits evaluated. However, the values associated with using genetic information to select cattle for placement are as much as $38/head. The most economically relevant genetic traits are average daily gain and marbling. It would not be profitable at the current testing cost of $38/head to sort cattle by optimal days-on-feed, but it could be profitable to use the genetic tests for breeding cattle selection.
Antygopora Maletz & Bruton 2005
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Spumellaria
Antygoporidae
Antygopora

description: Antygopora Maletz & Bruton, 2005
 Antygopora Maletz & Bruton, 2005: 713.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Antygopora ordovicica Maletz & Bruton, 2005 (Maletz & Bruton 2005: 715, fig. 2a-d, 3, 4, 5b, 6b).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Uppermost Lower Ordovician, Spitsbergen (Svalbard).
TAXON CODE. — 234.
STATUS. — Valid.
DIAGNOSIS. — “Spherical radiolarians with two cortical tests, formed by a typical thin layer pierced by round pores with elevated rims and ornamented on the surface with distinct connecting ridges forming a honeycomb pattern; internal spicule and spines apparently lacking.” (Maletz & Bruton 2005: 713).
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on pages 475-476, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
Output Report: Central Park Brasilândia: Designing centralities in informal de-industrialized landscapes
Creators: name: Klumpner, Hubert
name: Rabaça Figueiredo, Diogo
name: Konjičanin, Melika
name: Salva Rocha Franco, Fernando Tulio
name: Jaramillo Quintero, Alejandro
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Urban Design
subject: Urban Prototyping
subject: urban ecology
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: How can the de-industrialization of the neighborhood, Brasilândia, provide an opportunity to design a new centrality? How can we transform an abandoned mine into a central park? How can this prototype be evaluated and upscaled into a city-scale green system? São Paulo, the second-largest city in the Western Hemisphere, is known for its diverse social, environmental, governmental, and architectonic inequalities. Socially, Brasilândia is a low-income neighborhood challenged by growing favelas, ongoing infrastructure projects, post-industrial abandoned factories, and minimal green spaces, resulting in the city’s lowest life expectancy rates for its citizens. Environmentally, this neighborhood is at risk of landslides and flooding, limiting access to public spaces and basic services. Regarding justice, the São Paulo Government is committed to the Climate Action Plan 2020-2050, aiming to reduce greenhouse gases, achieve net-zero emissions, and promote resilience in the most vulnerable areas, attempting to develop innovative and sustainable urban prototypes. The learning goal of Central Park Brasilândia is to design a public park addressing three adjacent areas: a zone of favelas along a river, new transport infrastructure, including a metro and highway, and a network of cultural and social facilities.
Additional file 2: of Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling protects kidney from irradiation-induced toxicity via accelerating recovery of renal stem-like cells
Creators: name: Shao, Lijian
name: Yang, Wuping
name: Xu, Rui
name: Zhu, Shuqin
name: Huang, Yanqiu
name: Li, Huan
name: Wu, Xincheng
name: Yue, Mengzhen
name: Xiong, Xiaoliang
name: Chen, Xiaowen
name: Kuang, Bohai
name: Fan, Guangqin
name: Zhu, Qingxian
name: Zeng, Huihong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology

description: Figure S2. Rapamycin treatment inhibited activation of TGF-β and NF-κB signaling induced by irradiation. C57BL/6 J mice exposed to 8.0 Gy of total body irradiation (TBI) and treated with vehicle (Veh) or rapamycin (Rap) starting at 6 h post exposure. Kidney tissues harvested at day 3 or day 7 post exposure to assess activation of TGF-β and NF-κB signaling, respectively. (A, B) Protein lysates prepared from kidney tissues at day 3 after irradiation with or without rapamycin treatment. Expression of pSmad3 and Smad3 (A) detected by western blotting. GAPDH used as a housekeeping control. Vehicle treated-kidney tissues (Veh) used as controls. Expression of pSmad3 and Smad3 quantitated by ImageJ software and ratio of pSmad3/Smad3 presented (B). (C, D) Protein lysates prepared from kidney tissues at day 7 after irradiation. Expression of pNF-κBp65 and NF-κBp65 (C) detected by western blotting. GAPDH used as a housekeeping control. Vehicle treated-kidney tissues (Veh) used as controls. Expression of pNF-κBp65 and NF-κBp65 quantitated by ImageJ software and ratio of pNF-κBp65/NF-κBp65 presented (D). ***p < 0.001 vs Veh. (PDF 163 kb)
ANGLO-SAKSON HUQUQIDA SHARTNOMALAR ERKINLIGINING MUHIM ROLINI TUSHUNISH
Creators: name: Huquqshunos A.Eshonqulov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Shartnomalar erkinligi printsipi Anglo-Sakson huquqiy tizimlarining asosi bo‘lib, jismoniy shaxslar va yuridik shaxslarga o‘zlari xohlagancha muzokaralar olib borish va bitimlar tuzish avtonomiyasini ta’minlaydi. Shaxs erkinligi va shaxsiy avtonomiya g‘oyalariga asoslangan bu tamoyil anglo-sakson yurisdiktsiyalari doirasida huquqiy landshaftni shakllantirish va iqtisodiy rivojlanishni rag‘batlantirishda muhim rol o‘ynadi.
Report on stack lifetime prediction
Creators: name: Moussaoui, Hamza
name: Greco, Fabio
name: Rinaldi, Giorgio
name: Arata, Nakajo
name: Van Herle, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This deliverable presents the activities carried out within the task WT1.5. The objective is to provide in-depth insights and practical recommendations on how to operate the CH2P stack safely under constant conditions and the modulating CH2P modes. For this purpose, a literature review and on-field return of experience made in close collaboration with the technology manufacturer SP have been performed in the frame of task WT2.1 to select the major degradation phenomena that primarily affect the stack efficiency and lifetime. The identified degradation mechanisms can be attributed to two main sources, namely the thermo-mechanical degradation, and the microstructural alterations. These two processes were both investigated by a validated modelling approach in a view to provide practical insights and recommendations for an optimal CH2P stack operation.
Ellipsocopicyntra Kozur & Mostler 1989
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Spumellaria
Pyramispongiidae
Ellipsocopicyntra

description: Ellipsocopicyntra Kozur & Mostler, 1989
 Ellipsocopicyntra Kozur & Mostler, 1989: 218.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Ellipsocopicyntra oviformis Kozur & Mostler, 1989 (Kozur & Mostler 1989: 218, pl. 15, fig. 1).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Kungurian, Koshelev Formation, Cis-Urals, Russia.
TAXON CODE. — 243.
 STATUS. — Junior synonym of Copiellintra (by Noble & Jin 2010: 134).
DIAGNOSIS. — “Mit den Familienmerkmalen. Gehäuse ellipsoidal. An den Polarregionen (lange Achse) treten 1-2 mehr Schalen auf als äquatorial (kurze Achse). Stacheln zahlreich, dreikantig, über die ganze Schale verteilt. Ausbildung der Mikrosphäre und ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung nicht bekannt.” (Kozur & Mostler 1989: 218).
DIAGNOSIS (English translation by Jörg Maletz). — “As with family, ellipsoidal body. At the polar regions (long axis) occur 1-2 more shells than equatorial (short axis). Spines numerous, triangular, spread over the entire shell. Structure of the microsphere and its immediate surroundings is not known.”
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 477, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
Exact solution of the Hu-Paz-Zhang master equation
Creators: name: Ford, G. W.
name: O'Connell, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hu-Paz-Zhang equation is a master equation for an oscillator coupled to a linear passive bath. It is exact within the assumption that the oscillator and bath are initially uncoupled . Here an exact general solution is obtained in the form of an expression for the Wigner function at time t in terms of the initial Wigner function. The result is applied to the motion of a Gaussian wave packet and to that of a pair of such wave packets. A serious divergence arising from the assumption of an initially uncoupled state is found to be due to the zero-point oscillations of the bath and not removed in a cutoff model. As a consequence, worthwhile results for the equation can only be obtained in the high temperature limit, where zero-point oscillations are neglected. In that limit closed form expressions for wave packet spreading and attenuation of coherence are obtained. These results agree within a numerical factor with those appearing in the literature, which apply for the case of a particle at zero temperature that is suddenly coupled to a bath at high temperature. On the other hand very different results are obtained for the physically consistent case in which the initial particle temperature is arranged to coincide with that of the bath.
Towards a theory of flow stress in multimodal polycrystalline aggregates. Effects of dispersion hardening
Creators: name: Cevizovic, D.
name: Reshetnyak, A. A.
name: Sharkeev, Yu. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62P35 74C05 74C10 74C15 74C20 74E15

description: We elaborate the recently introduced theory of flow stress, including yield strength, in polycrystalline materials under quasi-static plastic deformations, thereby extending the case of single-mode aggregates to multimodal ones in the framework of a two-phase model which is characterized by the presence of crystalline and grain-boundary phases. Both analytic and graphic forms of the generalized Hall-Petch relations are obtained for multimodal samples with BCC ($α$-phase Fe), FCC (Cu, Al, Ni) and HCP (Cu, Al, Ni) and HCP ($α$-Ti, Zr) crystalline lattices at $T=300K$ with different values of the grain-boundary (second) phase. The case of dispersion hardening due to a natural incorporation into the model of a third phase including additional particles of doping materials is considered. The maximum of yield strength and the respective extremal grain size of samples are shifted by changing both the input from different grain modes and the values at the second and third phases. We study the influence of multimodality and dispersion hardening on the temperature-dimensional effect for yield strength within the range of $150-350K$.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, contribution to the Proceedings of the International Conference Advanced Materials with Hierarchical Structure for New Technologies and Reliable Structures 1-5, October, 2019, Tomsk, Russia
Prototyping the SoLAr dual readout LAr TPC
Creators: name: Gauch, Anja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Data Science and Detector R&D

description: Parallel Talk presented at the XX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes - Venice 23-27 October 2023 

 

Abstact:

SoLAr is a next-generation liquid argon time protection chamber (LAr TPC) detector aimed at detecting solar neutrinos. It uses and drives the latest technologies needed to expand the detectable energy range to the MeV regime. In addition to proper background rejection and suppression SoLAr creates the possibility to detect the “hep branch”directly for the first time. SoLAr will collect the light and charge deposits in argon on the same pixelated anode plane, creating the possibility to localize events using combined charge and light measurements for tracking. A first prototype of the SoLAr detector proving the concept of collecting light and charge on one plane was constructed and took cosmic-ray data in October of 2022. This talk will give an introduction to the concept of SoLAr, and the operation of the first SoLAr prototype.
The Effect of Index Insurance on Returns to Farm Inputs: Exploring Alternatives to Zambia's Fertilizer Subsidy Program
Creators: name: Murray, Anthony G
name: Farrin, Katie
name: Murray, Anthony G
name: Farrin, Katie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: weather insurance
subject: technology adoption

description: A significant volume of research has investigated input subsidy programs in Africa, where government expenditures on such programs are non-trivial. This paper uses panel data from a sample of farm households in Zambia to compare how fertilizer use decisions change in the presence of a formal insurance market. If returns to fertilizer improve under an insurance regime, the use of index insurance can be an alternative to or complement of existing input subsidy programs in the country. After estimating the cost of a simple zero-one, actuarially fair index insurance product that is mandatory for farmers who purchase fertilizer, we run simulations to explore the effect of insurance on household investment in fertilizer. Results show that index insurance, by reducing the disposable wealth of households in years where no payouts occur, can dampen demand for fertilizer at the farm level.
Tamonella Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler 1980
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Spumellaria
Gomberellidae
Tamonella

description: Tamonella Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler, 1980
 Tamonella Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler, 1980: 7.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Tamonella multispinosa Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler, 1980 (Dumitrica et al. 1980: 7, pl. 10, fig. 1, 3, 8).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Anisian – lower Ladinian, Southern Alps, area of Recoaro and Tretto, Italy.
TAXON CODE. — 248.
STATUS. — Valid.
 DIAGNOSIS. —“Elongated-ellipsoidal spongy shell.Spongy network arrangedinmanylayers.Microsphereminute.Thenumerous (mostlymore than 10) spines are rather short, needle-like and situated only in the pole areas. They all have nearly the same length” (Dumitrica et al. 1980: 7).
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 478, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
Male and Female Risk Preferences and Maize Technology Adoption in Kenya
Creators: name: Love, Abby
name: Magnan, Nicholas
name: Colson, Gregory J.
name: Love, Abby
name: Magnan, Nicholas
name: Colson, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Risk is pervasive in developing country agriculture, and risk preferences are though to impact seed and technology choice. Empirical research on risk preferences and technology adoption typically only consider the risk preferences of a single household member. In this paper experimental techniques based on prospect theory (PT) to elicit risk aversion, loss aversion, and nonlinear probability weighting parameters from husbands and wives in Kenyan agricultural households. We also use survey data about their maize seed choice from these same respondents. We find that all three PT parameters are significant in different model specifications, and that risk preferences affect adoption differently for men and women in the same households, and also differently in the eastern and western regions of the country.
On Topological Classification of Morse-Smale Diffeomorphisms on the Sphere $S^n$
Creators: name: Grines, Vyachesval
name: Gurevich, Elena
name: Pochinka, Olga
name: Malyshev, Dmitrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a class $G(S^n)$ of orientation preserving Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms of the sphere $S^{n}$ of dimension $n>3$ in assumption that invariant manifolds of different saddle periodic points have no intersection. We put in a correspondence for every diffeomorphism $f\in G(S^n)$ a colored graph $Γ_f$ enriched by an automorphism $P_f$. Then we define the notion of isomorphism between two colored graphs and prove that two diffeomorphisms $f, f'\in G(S^n)$ are topologically conjugated iff the graphs $Γ_f$, $Γ_f'$ are isomorphic. Moreover we establish the existence of a linear-time algorithm for distinguishing two colored graphs of diffeomorphisms from the class $G(S^n)$.
Accelerating black holes in anti-de Sitter universe
Creators: name: Podolsky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A physical interpretation of the C-metric with a negative cosmological constant $Λ$ is suggested. Using a convenient coordinate system it is demonstrated that this class of exact solutions of Einstein's equations describes uniformly accelerating (possibly charged) black holes in anti-de Sitter universe. Main differences from the analogous de Sitter case are emphasised.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Electron recombination with multicharged ions via chaotic many-electron states
Creators: name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Gribakina, A. A.
name: Gribakin, G. F.
name: Harabati, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a dense spectrum of chaotic multiply-excited eigenstates can play a major role in collision processes involving many-electron multicharged ions. A statistical theory based on chaotic properties of the eigenstates enables one to obtain relevant energy-averaged cross sections in terms of sums over single-electron orbitals. Our calculation of the low-energy electron recombination of Au$^{25+}$ shows that the resonant process is 200 times more intense than direct radiative recombination, which explains the recent experimental results of Hoffknecht {\em et al.} [J. Phys. B {\bf 31}, 2415 (1998)].
description: 9 pages, including 1 figure, REVTeX
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Internal mass distributions and orbital structures of early-type galaxies and their dependence on environment
Creators: name: Jin, Yunpeng
name: Zhu, Ling
name: Long, R. J.
name: Mao, Shude
name: Wang, Lan
name: van de Ven, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our earlier 2019 paper, we evaluated the reliability of Schwarzschild's orbit-superposition dynamical modelling method in estimating the internal mass distribution, intrinsic stellar shapes and orbit distributions of early-type galaxies (ETGs) taken from the Illustris cosmological simulation. We now apply the same techniques to galaxies taken from the integral-field survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies with APO (MaNGA), using a sample of 149 ETGs in the mass range of $10^{9.90}\sim10^{11.80} M_{\odot}$ and made up of 105 central and 44 satellite galaxies. We find that low-mass ETGs with $\log(M_*/M_{\odot})<11.1$ have an average dark matter fraction of $\sim0.2$ within one effective radius $R_{\rm e}$, tend to be oblate-like, and are dominated by rotation about their minor axis. High-mass ETGs with $\log(M_*/M_{\odot})>11.1$ have an average dark matter fraction of $\sim0.4$ within one effective radius $R_{\rm e}$, tend to be prolate-like, and are dominated by rotation about their major axis and by centrophilic orbits. The changes of internal structures within one $R_{\rm e}$ are dominated by the total stellar mass of the individual galaxies. We find no differences of internal structures between central and satellite ETGs for the same stellar masses. However, for similar stellar mass and colour distributions, we find that ETGs more prolate-like, or with more hot orbits, tend to have higher close neighbour counts at $r_p\sim40$ kpc.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures
Are There Gender Differences in the Perceived Impact of Land Security? Evidence from Urban Lesotho
Creators: name: Muraoka, Rie
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Schultink, Gerhardus
name: Muraoka, Rie
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Schultink, Gerhardus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land rights
subject: women's right
subject: gender equality
subject: Lease
subject: impact evaluation
subject: Lesotho

description: As part of the Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact Agreement, the Government of Lesotho has implemented an institutional strengthening and land regularization project in the urban and peri-urban areas of the capital city Maseru. The main objective of this project is to strengthen the rights of the legitimate occupiers of the land by a process of formalizing those rights. This formalization process of the rights to land is expected to promote private sector development and stimulate economic growth. The Compact Agreement has also supported training and public awareness to promote increased understanding and acceptance of gender equality and to ensure equal access by women to economic resources and opportunities. This paper explores gender differences in the perceived effects of securing land rights on behavioral outcomes related to household participation in land market and economic investments. It presents descriptive and analytical results of a cross-sectional data based on a household survey conducted in 2013 in four northern municipal councils of greater Maseru. Preliminary results indicate that on many indicators of perceived effect of secured land rights, there are no gender differences. Econometrics analysis to identify factors that determine different behavioral outcomes in terms of market participation and land investment is further explored.
Paurinella Kozur & Mostler 1981
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Spumellaria
Pyramispongiidae
Paurinella

description: Paurinella Kozur & Mostler, 1981
 Paurinella Kozur & Mostler, 1981: 49.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Paurinella curvata Kozur & Mostler, 1981 (Kozur & Mostler 1981: 49, pl. 4, fig. 3, 6).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Anisian-Ladinian, Recoaro, Passo della Gabiola, Italy Taxon code: 246.
STATUS. — Valid.
DIAGNOSIS. — “Schale spongiös, sphärisch bis subsphärisch, stets mit mehr als 10 konzentrisch angeordneten Schichten um eine winzige Mikrosphäre. Die drei Hauptstacheln sind rund und liegen in einer Ebene, z.T. sind sie gebogen.” (Kozur & Mostler 1981: 49).
DIAGNOSIS (English translation J. P. Caulet – RadWorld database). — “Spongy shell, spherical to sub-spherical, invariably with more than ten concentrically arranged spheres around a tiny microsphere. The three main spines are round and are located in a plane, and are sometimes bent.”
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 478, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
Land Access, Land Rental and Food Security: Evidence from Kenya
Creators: name: Muraoka, Rie
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Muraoka, Rie
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land access
subject: Land rental
subject: Food security
subject: Kenya

description: Constrained access to land is increasingly recognized as a problem impeding rural household welfare in densely populated areas of Africa. This study utilizes household and plot level data from rural Kenya to explore the linkage between land access and food security. We find that a 10% increase in operated land size would increase total cereal consumption and home produced food consumption by 0.8% and 2.0%, respectively. We also find that land rental is the dominant mechanism that poor rural farmers use to access additional land for cultivation. However, the levels of long-term land investment (measured by applications of organic manure) and land productivity are significantly lower for rented plots than for own plots even after household fixed-effect and plot level observed characteristics are controlled for. Furthermore, land rental markets do not allow farmers to fully adjust their operated land size to their optimal level. These findings point to the existence of problems with land rental markets that impede their ability to fully contribute to national food security and poverty reduction goals.
title: Disputing in the Built Environment
Creators: name: Sidoli, Julian Silvano
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2021

description: Aim: This PhD argues, in the context of conflict resolution in the built environment, that negotiated settlements are a human good – and ergo are worth pursuing in most cases – and that pragmatism, rather than ‘rights’ talk, is properly at the forefront of most decision-making in the private law context. This challenges the dominant discourse, which sanctifies rights, views court-based litigation as a panacea, and lawyers and binary win–lose scenarios as ‘resolutions’. This thesis shows, through the interaction of theory and practice, that the private law sphere is distinct from the public law paradigm. Contrary to the orthodoxy of the theorists criticised in the PhD, alternative dispute resolution works for the good of the parties and for the common good. Grounded lawyers, with due humility, can work with clients and opponents to reach honourable compromises, encouraging people on all sides of many private law disputes to move forward in their lives with a due sense of proportion.
Decoherence without dissipation
Creators: name: Ford, G. W.
name: O'Connell, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prototypical Schrödinger cat state, i.e., an initial state corresponding to two widely separated Gaussian wave packets, is considered. The decoherence time is calculated solely within the framework of elementary quantum mechanics and equilibrium statistical mechanics. This is at variance with common lore that irreversible coupling to a dissipative environment is the mechanism of decoherence. Here, we show that, on the contrary, decoherence can in fact occur at high temperature even for vanishingly small dissipation.
Quantization of a Self-dual Conformal Theory in (2+1) Dimensions
Creators: name: Andreucci, Francesco
name: Cappelli, Andrea
name: Maffi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact nonlocal Abelian gauge theory in (2+1) dimensions, also known as loop model, is a massless theory with a critical line that is explicitly covariant under duality transformations. It corresponds to the large N_F limit of self-dual electrodynamics in mixed three-four dimensions. It also provides a bosonic description for surface excitations of three-dimensional topological insulators. Upon mapping the model to a local gauge theory in (3+1) dimensions, we compute the spectrum of electric and magnetic solitonic excitations and the partition function on the three torus T_3. Analogous results for the S^2 x S^1 geometry show that the theory is conformal invariant and determine the manifestly self-dual spectrum of conformal fields, corresponding to order-disorder excitations with fractional statistics.
description: 40 pages, 3 figures; published version
Out-of-equilibrium critical dynamics at surfaces: Cluster dissolution and non-algebraic correlations
Creators: name: Pleimling, Michel
name: Igloi, Ferenc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonequilibrium dynamical properties at a free surface after the system is quenched from the high-temperature phase into the critical point. We show that if the spatial surface correlations decay sufficiently rapidly the surface magnetization and/or the surface manifold autocorrelations has a qualitatively different universal short time behavior than the same quantities in the bulk. At a free surface cluster dissolution may take place instead of domain growth yielding stationary dynamical correlations that decay in a stretched exponential form. This phenomenon takes place in the three-dimensional Ising model and should be observable in real ferromagnets.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Reversible control of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at graphene/Co interface via hydrogen absorption
Creators: name: Yang, Baishun
name: Cui, Qirui
name: Liang, Jinghua
name: Chshiev, Mairbek
name: Yang, Hongxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the impact of hydrogenation on the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) at graphene/Co interface. We find that both the magnitude and chirality of DMI can be controlled via hydrogenation absorbed on graphene surface. Our analysis using density of states combined with first-order perturbation theory reveals that the spin splitting and the occupation of Co-d orbitals, especially the dxz and dz2 states, play a crucial role in defining the magnitude and the chirality of DMI. Moreover, we find that the DMI oscillates with a period of two atomic layers as a function of Co thickness what could be explained by analysis of out-of-plane of Co orbitals. Our work elucidates the underlying mechanisms of interfacial DMI origin and provides an alternative route of its control for spintronic applications.