cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Who is Afraid of Big Bad Minima? Analysis of Gradient-Flow in a Spiked Matrix-Tensor Model
Creators: name: Mannelli, Stefano Sarao
name: Biroli, Giulio
name: Cammarota, Chiara
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Gradient-based algorithms are effective for many machine learning tasks, but despite ample recent effort and some progress, it often remains unclear why they work in practice in optimising high-dimensional non-convex functions and why they find good minima instead of being trapped in spurious ones. Here we present a quantitative theory explaining this behaviour in a spiked matrix-tensor model. Our framework is based on the Kac-Rice analysis of stationary points and a closed-form analysis of gradient-flow originating from statistical physics. We show that there is a well defined region of parameters where the gradient-flow algorithm finds a good global minimum despite the presence of exponentially many spurious local minima. We show that this is achieved by surfing on saddles that have strong negative direction towards the global minima, a phenomenon that is connected to a BBP-type threshold in the Hessian describing the critical points of the landscapes.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures + appendix. Appears in Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2019 (NeurIPS 2019)
Analysis and quantification of naturally occurring aflatoxin B1 in dry fruits with subsequent physical and biological detoxification
Creators: name: Awan, Hareem Shaukat
name: Ahmad, Khuram Shahzad
name: Iram, Shazia
name: Hanif, Nafeesa Qudsia
name: Gul, Mahwash Mahar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Current research involves extraction, identification and detoxification of mycotoxins from ten dry fruit samples. Mycotoxins were identified by high performance thin layer chromatography followed by physical and biological detoxification, analysed by HPLC. Three fungal species were observed after isolation including, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fussarium sp. HP-TLC analysis revealed the presence of mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1 ranging from 0.000303–0.03636 mg/kg in all samples. Results were further analysed through various statistical tests. Detoxification methods proved to be cost effective and easily implementable. Concentration of aflatoxin B1 in pine nuts was reduced to 0.0043 mg/kg and 0.0039 mg/kg in dry dates through UV based detoxification. Solarisation reduced the concentration of aflatoxin B1 in figs to 0.0044 mg/kg. 90% aflatoxins were detoxified by UV treatment while Zingiber officinale powder detoxified 90% mycotoxin. This research concludes that the studied detoxification methods can be generalised on larger scale to benefit the dry fruit industry worldwide.
Prasterone: A Review in Vulvovaginal Atrophy
Creators: name: Young-A Heo
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards
Disclosure: The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Conflicts of interest: Young-A Heo is salaried employees of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here

Abstract
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a progressive condition commonly seen in postmenopausal women. The cessation of ovarian estrogen secretion and a fall in serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the remaining source of estrogens and androgens, are thought to promote the development of VVA in this population. Intravaginal prasterone (Intrarosa®) is a synthetic form of DHEA indicated for the treatment of VVA in postmenopausal women presenting with moderate to severe symptoms in the EU; prasterone is also approved in the USA for the treatment of dyspareunia due to menopause. Approval for the treatment of VVA was based on the results of the phase III ERC-231 and -238 trials in which intravaginal prasterone 6.5 mg/day significantly improved the signs and symptoms of VVA (as assessed by the percentage of parabasal and superficial cells, vaginal pH and the severity of dyspareunia) compared with placebo. The beneficial effects of prasterone were also evident during 52 weeks’ treatment in the phase III ERC-230 safety trial. Prasterone was generally well tolerated, with the most common treatment-emergent adverse event being application site discharge. During 52 weeks of treatment with prasterone, changes in serum concentrations of estrogenic and androgenic metabolites of DHEA increased from baseline but remained within the normal postmenopausal ranges. Thus, intravaginal prasterone is an effective and generally well-tolerated option for the treatment of VVA in postmenopausal women.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Vulgichneumon saturatorius
Creators: name: Kolarov, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Vulgichneumon
Vulgichneumon saturatorius

description: Vulgichneumon saturatorius (LINNAEUS 1758)
 Ichneumon saturatorius LINNAEUS 1758. Syst. Nat. 10 (1): 561.
 Ichneumon saturatorius: STROBL 1900: 148.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Palearctic region and Pakistan.
description: Published as part of Kolarov, J., 2008, A Catalogue of the [former] Yugoslavian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta), pp. 1585-1739 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (2) on page 1670, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5431642
Mapping the Galactic disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red clump sample. II. 3D asymmetrical kinematics of mono-age populations in the disk between 6$-14$ \,kpc
Creators: name: Wang, H. -F.
name: López-Corredoira, M.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Carlin, J. L.
name: Chen, B. -Q.
name: Wang, C.
name: Chang, J.
name: Zhang, H. -W.
name: Xiang, M. -S.
name: Yuan, H. -B.
name: Sun, W. -X.
name: Li, X. -Y.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Deng, L. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform analysis of the three-dimensional kinematics of Milky Way disk stars in mono-age populations. We focus on stars between Galactocentric distances of $R=6$ and 14 \,kpc, selected from the combined LAMOST DR4 red clump giant stars and Gaia DR2 proper motion catalogue. We confirm the 3D asymmetrical motions of recent works and provide time tagging of the Galactic outer disk asymmetrical motions near the anticenter direction out to Galactocentric distances of 14\,kpc. Radial Galactocentric motions reach values up to 10 km s$^{-1}$, depending on the age of the population, and present a north-south asymmetry in the region corresponding to density and velocity substructures that were sensitive to the perturbations in the early 6 \,Gyr. After that time, the disk stars in this asymmetrical structure have become kinematically hotter, and are thus not sensitive to perturbations, and we find the structure is a relatively younger population. With quantitative analysis, we find stars both above and below the plane at $R\gtrsim 9$ kpc that exhibit bending mode motions of which the sensitive duration is around 8 \,Gyr. We speculate that the in-plane asymmetries might not be mainly caused by a fast rotating bar, intrinsically elliptical outer disk, secular expansion of the disk, or streams. Spiral arm dynamics, out-of-equilibrium models, minor mergers or others are important contributors. Vertical motions might be dominated by bending and breathing modes induced by complicated inner or external perturbers. It is likely that many of these mechanisms are coupled together.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Loxandrus reflexus LeConte 1878
Creators: name: Bousquet, Yves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Loxandrus
Loxandrus reflexus

description: 20. Loxandrus reflexus LeConte, 1878:376
This taxon was described from an unspecified number of specimens collected at «Tampa [Florida]». LeConte’s collection in MCZ contains six specimens under that name, four labelled «Tampa Fla», the other two simply «Fla». Only those labelled «Tampa Fla» should be considered as syntypes. One of these specimens, a female labelled «Tampa 28.9 Fla/Type 5692/ Loxandrus reflexus Lec [handwritten]» is herein selected as the lectotype and the label « Lectotype Loxandrus reflexus LeConte des. Y. Bousquet 2004» has been added.
 The lectotype (SBL ¼ 11.9 mm; ABL ¼ about 13.0 mm) is conspecific with specimens of L. saphyrinus (Chaudoir, 1843) [NEW SYNONYMY]. See comment under L. lateralis Casey.
description: Published as part of Bousquet, Yves, 2006, New Synonymies and Notes on North American Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae), pp. 145-157 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 60 (2) on page 151, DOI: 10.1649/865.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10106359
Anisobas cephalotes KRIECHBAUMER 1882
Creators: name: Kolarov, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Anisobas
Anisobas cephalotes

description: Anisobas cephalotes KRIECHBAUMER 1882
 Anisobas cephalotes KRIECHBAUMER 1882. Ent. Nachr. 8: 122.
 Anisobas cephalotes: MOCSARY 1897: 39, Croatia; HORSTMANN 2006: 4, Croatia and Serbia.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Croatia, Serbia and Romania.
description: Published as part of Kolarov, J., 2008, A Catalogue of the [former] Yugoslavian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta), pp. 1585-1739 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (2) on page 1671, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5431642
AN EFFICIENT LATTICE ALGORITHM FOR THE LIBOR MARKET MODEL
Creators: name: Xiao, Tim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140207 Financial Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140303 Economic Models and Forecasting

description: The LIBOR Market Model has become one of the most popular models for pricing interest rate products. It is commonly believed that Monte-Carlo simulation is the only viable method available for the LIBOR Market Model. In this article, however, we propose a lattice approach to price interest rate products within the LIBOR Market Model by introducing a shifted forward measure and several novel fast drift approximation methods. This model should achieve the best performance without losing much accuracy. Moreover, the calibration is almost automatic and it is simple and easy to implement. Adding this model to the valuation toolkit is actually quite useful; especially for risk management or in the case there is a need for a quick turnaround.
Dynamics of a Generalized Cosmological Scalar-Tensor Theory
Creators: name: Fukui, T.
name: Overduin, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized scalar-tensor theory is investigated whose cosmological term depends on both a scalar field and its time derivative. A correspondence with solutions of five-dimensional Space-Time-Matter theory is noted. Analytic solutions are found for the scale factor, scalar field and cosmological term. Models with free parameters of order unity are consistent with recent observational data and could be relevant to both the dark-matter and cosmological-"constant" problems.
description: 13 pages
title: Halide Removal from Water by Novel Bismuth Materials
Creators: name: Nariyan, Elham
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: halides
subject: water
subject: removal

description: Water is scarce and there is a high demand for water usage at different parts of domestic usage (9%), agriculture (70%) and industries (21%). The halides in natural and sea waters are typically of a ration of Cl: Br: I is 100-200:10:1, which means chloride is 10-20 times more than bromide and bromide is 10 times of iodide. Excessive halides-release into the water could be as a result of natural or human activities, for example, mining and produced waters from oil and gas industries could release a high level of halides in water. Removal of excessive amount of halides is crucial for human and living creatures. High chloride concentration could lead to destruction to aquatic lives (as indicated by A. maculatum and R. sylvatica), phytotoxicity, crop damage, corrosion of pipes, and other infrastructures (such as reduced electrode lifetime in hydrometallurgy). Iodide/iodine has some radioactive isotopes and contributed to the environmental disasters during the Chernobyl and Fukushima catastrophes. However, iodide and bromide even at very low concentrations also could bring up problems in health issues such as producing disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment. More than 600 species of DBPs could be produced in the chlorination disinfections process, and some of the DBPs are known to be very toxic and their levels in water are so restricted. For example, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set limitations for chloroform and bromodichloromethane at 80 and 60 ppb, respectively. The best way to avoid DBPs production is to remove the excessive amount of halides before application of any kind of oxidation for water treatment. This thesis is focused on removal of Cl-, Br- and I- ions in water. F- is excluded because F- is much easier to precipitate out in comparison to the other three halide anions. Two types of novel bismuth-based materials have been developed for removal of halides at high concentrations (> 1000 mg/L) and low concentrations (< 10 mg/L), respectively. The high concentration halide removal addresses issues in mining industry, whilst the low concentration removal addresses the issue of drinking water quality.
Higher Gauge Theories Based on 3-groups
Creators: name: Radenkovic, Tijana
name: Vojinovic, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the categorical generalizations of a $BF$ theory to $2BF$ and $3BF$ theories, corresponding to $2$-groups and $3$-groups, in the framework of higher gauge theory. In particular, we construct the constrained $3BF$ actions describing the correct dynamics of Yang-Mills, Klein-Gordon, Dirac, Weyl and Majorana fields coupled to Einstein-Cartan gravity. The action is naturally split into a topological sector and a sector with simplicity constraints, adapted to the spinfoam quantization programme. In addition, the structure of the $3$-group gives rise to a novel gauge group which specifies the spectrum of matter fields present in the theory, just like the ordinary gauge group specifies the spectrum of gauge bosons in the Yang-Mills theory. This allows us to rewrite the whole Standard Model coupled to gravity as a constrained $3BF$ action, facilitating the nonperturbative quantization of both gravity and matter fields. Moreover, the presence and the properties of this new gauge group open up a possibility of a nontrivial unification of all fields and a possible explanation of fermion families and all other structure in the matter spectrum of the theory.
description: v4: published version
Anisobas cingulatellus HORSTMANN 1997
Creators: name: Kolarov, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Anisobas
Anisobas cingulatellus

description: Anisobas cingulatellus HORSTMANN 1997
 Ichneumon cingulatorius GRAVENHORST 1820. Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino 24: 797.
 Anisobas cingulatorius: SCHLETTERER 1894: 11, June, Croatia; MOCSARY 1897: 39, Croatia. Anisobas cingulatellus: HORSTMANN 2007: 102, Slovenia and Croatia.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Europe, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan, Iran and Afghanistan.
description: Published as part of Kolarov, J., 2008, A Catalogue of the [former] Yugoslavian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta), pp. 1585-1739 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (2) on page 1671, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5431642
Towards a query language for annotation graphs
Creators: name: Bird, Steven
name: Buneman, Peter
name: Tan, Wang-Chiew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.1; E.2; H.2.1; H.2.3; H.2.8; H.3.1; H.3.3; I.2.7

description: The multidimensional, heterogeneous, and temporal nature of speech databases raises interesting challenges for representation and query. Recently, annotation graphs have been proposed as a general-purpose representational framework for speech databases. Typical queries on annotation graphs require path expressions similar to those used in semistructured query languages. However, the underlying model is rather different from the customary graph models for semistructured data: the graph is acyclic and unrooted, and both temporal and inclusion relationships are important. We develop a query language and describe optimization techniques for an underlying relational representation.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
AN EFFICIENT LATTICE ALGORITHM FOR THE LIBOR MARKET MODEL
Creators: name: Xiao, Tim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 140207 Financial Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140303 Economic Models and Forecasting

description: The LIBOR Market Model has become one of the most popular models for pricing interest rate products. It is commonly believed that Monte-Carlo simulation is the only viable method available for the LIBOR Market Model. In this article, however, we propose a lattice approach to price interest rate products within the LIBOR Market Model by introducing a shifted forward measure and several novel fast drift approximation methods. This model should achieve the best performance without losing much accuracy. Moreover, the calibration is almost automatic and it is simple and easy to implement. Adding this model to the valuation toolkit is actually quite useful; especially for risk management or in the case there is a need for a quick turnaround.
A Study of Mixed Income Housing Projects in New York City: The Effects of Inclusionary Housing Program on Residents Living in Affordable Units and Neighbors’ Interaction
Creators: Tan, Xin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: City planning
Public policy (Law)

description: Developing mixed income housing is becoming more widespread in U.S over recent years. However, the answer--whether or not mixed income development can achieve its policy goals--is still uncertain. There are two general goals behind mixed income housing policy: improving the living conditions of urban poor and promoting socioeconomic integration among people with different income. In this research, by conducting questionnaires to residents living in six selected Mixed Income Housing Projects in New York City, the question whether or not Mixed Income Housing Projects can achieve its policy goals will be explored.
Controlling acoustic waves using magnetoelastic Fano resonances
Creators: name: Latcham, O. S.
name: Gusieva, Y.
name: Shytov, A. V.
name: Gorobets, O. Y.
name: Kruglyak, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyze theoretically a class of energy-efficient magneto-elastic devices for analogue signal processing. The signals are carried by transverse acoustic waves while the bias magnetic field controls their scattering from a magneto-elastic slab. By tuning the bias field, one can alter the resonant frequency at which the propagating acoustic waves hybridize with the magnetic modes, and thereby control transmission and reflection coefficients of the acoustic waves. The scattering coefficients exhibit Breit-Wigner/Fano resonant behaviour akin to inelastic scattering in atomic and nuclear physics. Employing oblique incidence geometry, one can effectively enhance the strength of magnetoelastic coupling, and thus countermand the magnetic losses due to the Gilbert damping. We apply our theory to discuss potential benefits and issues in realistic systems and suggest further routes to enhance performance of the proposed devices.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Clypastrea fasciata
Creators: name: Majka, Christopher G.
name: Cline, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Corylophidae
Clypastrea
Clypastrea fasciata

description: Clypastrea fasciata (Say)
 NEW BRUNSWICK: Kent County: Kouchibouquac National Park, 21 September 1977, J.M. Campbell, CNC.
 Recorded in Canada from Ontario, Québec, and New Brunswick Campbell (1991); in the U.S.A. in Maine (Dearborn and Donahue 1993), New Hampshire (Chandler 2001), and from Massachusetts and Michigan south to Florida (Downie and Arnett 1996). The above record appears to be the source for the report of this species in New Brunswick in Campbell (1991). In Indiana taken from beneath the bark of locust (Robinia sp.) and by sifting debris from a beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) stump (Blatchley 1910). In Europe Bowestead (1999) records various species of Clypastrea as associated with fungal and moldy situations under the bark of dead trees and in rotten wood.
description: Published as part of Majka, Christopher G. & Cline, Andrew R., 2006, New Records of Corylophidae (Coleoptera) from the Maritime Provinces of Canada, pp. 105-111 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 60 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.1649/864.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10106357
A Flexible Shallow Approach to Text Generation
Creators: name: Busemann, Stephan
name: Horacek, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: In order to support the efficient development of NL generation systems, two orthogonal methods are currently pursued with emphasis: (1) reusable, general, and linguistically motivated surface realization components, and (2) simple, task-oriented template-based techniques. In this paper we argue that, from an application-oriented perspective, the benefits of both are still limited. In order to improve this situation, we suggest and evaluate shallow generation methods associated with increased flexibility. We advise a close connection between domain-motivated and linguistic ontologies that supports the quick adaptation to new tasks and domains, rather than the reuse of general resources. Our method is especially designed for generating reports with limited linguistic variations.
description: LaTeX, 10 pages
Measurement of flow harmonics correlations with mean transverse momentum in lead-lead and proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To assess the properties of the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy-ion collisions, the ATLAS experiment at the LHC measures a correlation between the mean transverse momentum and the magnitudes of the flow harmonics. The analysis uses data samples of lead-lead and proton-lead collisions obtained at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, corresponding to total integrated luminosities of $22 ~μb^{-1}$ and $28~nb^{-1}$, respectively. The measurement is performed using a modified Pearson correlation coefficient with the charged-particle tracks on an event-by-event basis. The modified Pearson correlation coefficients for the $2^{nd}$-, 3$^{rd}$-, and 4$^{th}$-order harmonics are measured as a function of event centrality quantified as the number of charged particles or the number of nucleons participating in the collision. The measurements are performed for several intervals of the charged-particle transverse momentum. The correlation coefficients for all studied harmonics exhibit a strong centrality evolution in the lead-lead collisions, which only weakly depends on the charged-particle momentum range. In the proton-lead collisions, the modified Pearson correlation coefficient measured for the second harmonics shows only weak centrality dependence. The data is qualitatively described by the predictions based on the hydrodynamical model.
description: 42 pages in total, author list starting page 26, 10 figures, 0 tables, published by EPJ C. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2018-04/
title: Identification of 3D Scaffolds Embedded in Natural Products and Synthesis of Focused Libraries
Creators: name: Mazraati Tajabadi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Drug discovery
subject: Heteroaromatic compounds
subject: Diversity-oriented synthesis
subject: Target-oriented synthesis (TOS)
subject: Function-oriented synthesis (FOS)
subject: Biology-oriented synthesis (BIOS)
subject: Molecular scaffolds
subject: Natural products

description: The ever-increasing demand for new drugs drives the need to explore new areas of biologically-relevant chemical space. Drug targets, largely the active sites of proteins, have three-dimensional shape. However, chiefly for reasons of synthetic tractability, the screening libraries that are extensively used for high throughput screening (HTS) drug discovery are mostly composed of flat aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds.1 This has resulted in a trend towards flatness in drug candidates, limiting the possibilities in the navigation of three-dimensional biological space. A variety of approaches, such as diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS),2, 3 target-oriented synthesis (TOS),2, 4 function-oriented synthesis (FOS),5 and biology-oriented synthesis (BIOS)6, 7 have emerged to address this issue. Natural products are a source of therapeutically useful compounds with high success rates in drug discovery.8 They tend to be highly saturated, and therefore non-flat, molecules with chiral centres. These features of natural products arise from interaction with the active sites of proteins involved in biosynthetic pathways. Inspired by natural products, we sought to identify three-dimensional (3D) molecular scaffolds embedded in natural products with the aim of producing focused synthetic libraries that explore new biological profiles.
MOESM8 of Elucidating redox balance shift in Scheffersomyces stipitisâ fermentative metabolism using a modified genome-scale metabolic model
Creators: name: Hilliard, Matthew
name: Damiani, Andrew
name: He, Q.
name: Jeffries, Thomas
name: Wang, Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Table S8. Genome-wide comparison for Trial I.
Anisobas hostilis
Creators: name: Kolarov, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Anisobas
Anisobas hostilis

description: Anisobas hostilis (GRAVENHORST 1820)
 Ichneumon hostilis GRAVENHORST 1820. Mem. Acad. Sc. Torino 24: 309.
 Anisobas hostilis: HEINRICH 1980: 225; Selfa 1994: 198; HORSTMANN 2007: 107, Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Algeria, Morocco, Europe, Turkey, Kyrgyzia, Kazakhstan and China-Xinjiang.
description: Published as part of Kolarov, J., 2008, A Catalogue of the [former] Yugoslavian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta), pp. 1585-1739 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (2) on page 1671, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5431642
title: Judicial Use and Construction of Social Facts in Negligence Cases in the Australian High Court
Creators: name: Burns, Kylie Louise
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Court of Australia
subject: Negligence cases
subject: Social facts

description: This study examines whether and how Australian High Court judges use social facts (‘SF’) in their reasoning in negligence cases, and what factors explain judicial use and construction of SF. SF are statements about society, the world, and the nature and behaviour of institutions (including legal institutions) and human beings. They are statements made as part of judicial development and general application of law, rather than as part of adjudicative fact finding. Negligence cases often contain statements about the world, human beings and institutions. They are often intimately concerned with the behaviour of people and institutions, and the nature of the world and society. This is not a recent phenomenon. The earliest negligence judgments in the United States, the United Kingdom and in Australia included judicial SF statements. However, even in the earliest Australian negligence cases there were differing judicial approaches to the use and construction of SF. Despite the apparent widespread judicial use of SF in negligence cases over many years and differing judicial approaches to SF, the role of SF in judicial reasoning in negligence cases has been subsumed into discussion of ‘policy’ factors and has been largely ignored by scholars. This study aims to fill that gap. Its primary objectives are to explore whether and how judges use and construct SF in Australian High Court negligence cases, what factors explain judicial use and construction of SF in negligence cases, and the wider implications of judicial SF use for understandings and accuracy of judicial reasoning in negligence cases. The study operates within an interpretative epistemological framework. It adopts a social constructionist approach to analyse how judicial knowledge of SF is ‘created, disseminated and entrenched’.
Anisobas rebellus WESMAEL 1845
Creators: name: Kolarov, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Anisobas
Anisobas rebellus

description: Anisobas rebellus WESMAEL 1845
 Anisobas rebellus WESMAEL 1845. Nouv. Mém. Acad. Royal. Sci. Lettr. Beaux-Arts Belgique 18 (1844): 145.
 Anisobas rebellus: MOCSARY 1897: 39, Croatia; HORSTMANN 2007: 110, Slovenia.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Morocco, Algeria, Europe and Turkmenia.
description: Published as part of Kolarov, J., 2008, A Catalogue of the [former] Yugoslavian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta), pp. 1585-1739 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (2) on page 1671, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5431642
A Study of Plato’s Use of Myths and its Relation to Philosophy and Moral Education
Creators: Nakazawa, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Mythology, Greek
Moral education
Mythology--Philosophy
Education--Philosophy

description: The way in which Plato’s uses of myth relate to his theory of moral education and his conception of philosophy is examined. Plato’s use and conception of myth (muthos) is notoriously difficult to determine, however, especially because it is difficult to determine whether and in what way Plato wishes to contrast muthos with logos. I argue that muthos plays an integral role in Plato’s philosophical investigation and dialectic, and therefore it is best understood as a “guise” of logos. Myth is not a suspension nor transcendence of logos, as scholars have suggested. Plato uses myth when he is concerned with moral education, that is, the moral transformation of the reader and the interlocutor. According to this line of interpretation, Plato’s myths play a heuristic role in service of his moral pedagogical goals. I outline Plato’s pedagogical goals in the context of his theory of moral education, and conclude with some suggestions about the integration of philosophical myths in educational settings today.
Loxandrus comptus Casey 1918
Creators: name: Bousquet, Yves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Loxandrus
Loxandrus comptus

description: 5. Loxandrus comptus Casey, 1918:387
This taxon was described from an unspecified number of specimens collected at «Dunedin, Florida ». Casey’s collection in USNM contains a single specimen under that name, a female herein selected as the lectotype labelled «Dunedin, Fla. W.S.B. Coll. 4- 5-1915 /Casey bequest 1925/Type USNM 47349 / comptus Csy. [handwritten]/ UAIC 00044050 / lectotype Loxandrus comptus by [handwritten] R. T. Allen».
 The lectotype (SBL ¼ 8.8 mm; ABL ¼ about 10.0 mm) is conspecific with specimens of L. floridanus LeConte, 1878 [NEW SYNONYMY]. See comment about L. breviusculus Casey.
description: Published as part of Bousquet, Yves, 2006, New Synonymies and Notes on North American Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae), pp. 145-157 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 60 (2) on page 147, DOI: 10.1649/865.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10106359
Drift-diffusion processes from elimination of fast variables under inhomogeneous conditions
Creators: name: Lammert, Paul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of eliminating fast-relaxing variables to obtain an effective drift-diffusion process in position is solved in a uniform and straightforward way for models with velocity a function jointly of position and fast variables. A more unified view is thereby obtained of the effect of environmental inhomgeneity on the motion of a diffusing particle, in particular, whether a drift is induced, covering both passive and active particles. Infinitesimal generators (equivalently, drift-diffusion fields) for the contracted processes are worked out in detail for several models.
description: 10 pages. Abstract, introduction, and conclusion have been rewritten to improve clarity
Noether-Charge Realization of Diffeomorphism Algebra
Creators: name: Guo, Han-Ying
name: Huang, Chao-Guang
name: Wu, Xiaoning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown in the covariant phase space formalism that the Noether charges with respect to the diffeomorphism generated by vector fields and their horizontal variations in general relativity form a diffeomorphism algebra. It is also shown with the help of the null tetrad which is well defined everywhere that the central term of the reduced diffeomorphism algebra on the Killing horizon for a large class of vector fields vanishes.
A Study of Secondary School Students’ Participation in a Novel  Course on Genomic Principles and Practices
Creators: Stefanile, Adam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Science--Study and teaching
Genomics
Education, Secondary
Literacy--Study and teaching (Secondary)
Medicine--Study and teaching (Secondary)

description: Since the inception of the Human Genome Project (HGP) there has, and continues to be, rapid changes in genomics, STEM, and human health. Advances, specifically in genomics, continue to be increasingly important as new knowledge in this field has led the trajectory for significant advancements in all biological disciplines. Throughout the scientific community there is an emphasis on increasing and improving genomic concepts and literacy for grades K-12. Numerous research studies report that there is generally a low level of genetic/genomic knowledge among the general public. The purpose of this research is to analyze and document evidence of secondary school students’ participation, and educational outcomes, in a novel course on genomic principles and practices. A mixed methods approach, using qualitative and quantitative methods was used to address three research questions. 1) Based on affective evidence, how did secondary school students perceive and critically judge, content topics learned in a course on modern genomic principles and practices? 2) Based on cognitive evidence, how much of the content did secondary school students learn when they participated in a course on modern genomic principles and practices? 3) Using individual interview evidence, what are the major perceptions that the secondary school students expressed throughout the duration of the course? The results for Research Question 1 demonstrated that the students gained a significant level of new knowledge pertaining to genomics after attending the course sessions, based on their pre-and post-test Likert survey data. More particularly, they expressed more interest in, and understanding of genomic principles and practices. Concurrently, they became much more critically reflective and evaluative about some of the societal and medical implications of its applications. With respect to Research Question 2, the secondary school students’ content knowledge as measured by a 25-question multiple-choice pre-and-post test administered before and after the course demonstrated a significant increase. Lastly, the participants were provided an opportunity to comment on the course through individual and collaborative interviews, in order to find out to what extent they perceived the course to be interesting and challenging. Future inquiry expanding from this research would help to establish the foundational pathway for designing a more inclusive genomics curriculum.
Loxandrus lateralis Casey 1918
Creators: name: Bousquet, Yves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Loxandrus
Loxandrus lateralis

description: 11. Loxandrus lateralis Casey, 1918
This taxon was described from an unspecified number of specimens collected at «Sarasota, Florida ». Casey’s collection in USNM contains a single specimen under that name, a female herein selected as the lectotype, labelled «Sarasota, Fla W.S.B. Coll. 3-4. 1911 /Casey bequest 1925/Type USNM 47347 / UAIC 00044056 / lateralis Csy. [handwritten]/ lectotype Loxandrus lateralis by [handwritten] R. T. Allen».
 The lectotype (SBL ¼ 11.2 mm; ABL ¼ about 13.5 mm) is conspecific with specimens of L. saphyrinus (Chaudoir, 1843) [NEW SYNONYMY]. As pointed out by Allen (1972:128), L. saphyrinus ‘‘is very distinct.’’ It is the largest species of the genus in North America, though large specimens of a few species of the rectus and erracticus groups could reach the size range of L. saphyrinus, with a very characteristic pronotum: the sides are evenly rounded, the posterior angles widely rounded, the lateral margins explanate at base in most specimens, the lateral beads indistinct, and the anterior sulcus is not impressed medially.
description: Published as part of Bousquet, Yves, 2006, New Synonymies and Notes on North American Loxandrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae), pp. 145-157 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 60 (2) on page 148, DOI: 10.1649/865.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10106359
Many uses, many annotations for large speech corpora: Switchboard and TDT as case studies
Creators: name: Graff, David
name: Bird, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.2; H.2.5; I.2.7

description: This paper discusses the challenges that arise when large speech corpora receive an ever-broadening range of diverse and distinct annotations. Two case studies of this process are presented: the Switchboard Corpus of telephone conversations and the TDT2 corpus of broadcast news. Switchboard has undergone two independent transcriptions and various types of additional annotation, all carried out as separate projects that were dispersed both geographically and chronologically. The TDT2 corpus has also received a variety of annotations, but all directly created or managed by a core group. In both cases, issues arise involving the propagation of repairs, consistency of references, and the ability to integrate annotations having different formats and levels of detail. We describe a general framework whereby these issues can be addressed successfully.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligoglycerol Derivatives
Creators: name: Singh, Abhishek K.
name: Nguyen, Remi
name: Galy, Nicolas
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Sharma, Sunil K.
name: Len, Christophe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: glycerol oligomers
subject: Novozym 435
subject: chemo-enzymatic
subject: regioselectivity
subject: building blocks
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie

description: A cleaner and greener method has been developed and used to synthesize 14 different functionalized oligomer derivatives of glycerol in moderate 29%–39% yields over three steps. After successive regioselective enzymatic acylation of the primary hydroxyl groups, etherification or esterification of the secondary hydroxyl groups and chemoselective enzymatic saponification, the target compounds can efficiently be used as versatile building blocks in organic and supramolecular chemistry.
title: Raub von Raubgut?. Die unfreiwillige Rückgabe von Tsantsas in den 1970ern
Creators: name: Müller, Lars
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2021

description: Im Juni 2020 nahm Emery Mwazulu Diyabanza einen aus dem Tschad stammenden hölzernen Grabpfosten aus dem 19. Jahrhundert und versuchte hiermit das Museum zu verlassen. Er rechtfertigte seine Tat, dass er gestohlenes Eigentum zurückfordere. Im Oktober verurteilte ein Gericht ihn wegen Diebstahl zu einer Geldstrafe. Der aus dem Kongo stammende Diyabanza dokumentierte die Aktion auf youtube und leistete hiermit einen Beitrag für die aktuelle Debatte um Restitution von Objekten, die in kolonialen Kontexten erworben wurden. „Wem gehört Kulturgut?“ – Diese Frage wird in den letzten Jahren verstärkt diskutiert. Die Aufmerksamkeit für koloniale Sammlungen wird dabei durch Forderungen aus den sogenannten Herkunftsländern oder Interventionen wie dem Sarr/Savoy-Bericht bestärkt. Sie trifft auf eine Diskussion um Deutschlands koloniale Vergangenheit, die sich derzeit vor allem an Forderungen der Herero und Nama, an Straßennamen, am Humboldt Forum oder an Diskussionen um Rassismus festmacht. In der aktuellen Debatte wird dabei oft übersehen, dass bereits vor einigen Jahrzehnten intensive Debatten um postkoloniale Restitution geführt wurden. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, diese Fragen an einem historischen Beispiel zu untersuchen und verschiedene Perspektiven auf die Frage, wem Kulturgut gehört, aufzuzeigen.
Aethecerus dispar WESMAEL 1845
Creators: name: Kolarov, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Aethecerus
Aethecerus dispar

description: Aethecerus dispar WESMAEL 1845
 Aethecerus dispar WESMAEL 1845. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxels 18: 203.
 Aethecerus dispar WESM. var. 3 rufipes: STROBL 1900: 183.
D i s t r i b u t i o n:Europe.
description: Published as part of Kolarov, J., 2008, A Catalogue of the [former] Yugoslavian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta), pp. 1585-1739 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (2) on page 1671, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5431642
MOESM6 of Elucidating redox balance shift in Scheffersomyces stipitisâ fermentative metabolism using a modified genome-scale metabolic model
Creators: name: Hilliard, Matthew
name: Damiani, Andrew
name: He, Q.
name: Jeffries, Thomas
name: Wang, Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Table S6. All cytosolic reactions that use NADH as a cofactor with non-zero flux.
title: From public-private partnership to market
title: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a new form of governance in climate protection
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Benecke, Gudrun
name: Friberg, Lars
name: Lederer, Markus
name: Schröder, Miriam
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::321 Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme

description: Die Bewältigung des Klimawandels ist heute eine der bedeutendsten politischen Herausforderungen. Das Kyoto-Protokoll ist der am weitesten fortgeschrittene Prozess der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft im Hinblick auf die Herausforderungen des Klimawandels. Einer der interessantesten und innovativsten Bausteine des Kyoto-Protokolls ist der Clean Development Mechanismus (CDM). Seit seiner Initiierung ist dieser so genannte flexible Mechanismus der Schlüssel zur Schaffung von volatilen und boomenden Märkten für Zertifikate für die Reduktion von Kohlenstoffemissionen (CERs). Diese Zertifikate, kurz CERs, sind die ersten international gehandelten Güter, die durch ein internationales Umweltabkommen geschaffen wurden. Während des Prozesses der Marktetablierung sind private Akteure wie Firmen, Projektverifizierer, Carbon Funds und Zertifikatshändler zu den führenden Akteuren des globalen Kohlenstoffmarktes aufgestiegen. Dennoch ist der Markt weiterhin stark von den politischen Rahmenbedingungen abhängig. Die Nachfrage wird durch die Festlegung von Emissionsreduktionen für Nationalstaaten und deren Emissionsallokationen geschaffen. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Transformation des Markts, der zunächst von öffentlichen Akteuren initiiert, durch Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) angestoßen, sich zu einem Markt entwickelt, wo sich die Regierungen nach und nach zurückziehen und private Akteure immer stärker Governancefunktionen wahrnehmen. Weiterhin wird der Status quo des CDM evaluiert und auf verbleibende Forschungsfragen hingewiesen.
McCarthy_Trehalose manuscript-table 1 (AJP Heart & Circ)
Creators: name: McCarthy, Cam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Proteins probed for in Western blotting. This table contains a list of the specific antibodies, dilutions, secondary antibody isotype, company from which the antibody was purchased, published manuscripts from our group that has previously validated these antibodies using our Western blotting protocol, and the Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) antibody identification number.
Aethecerus nitidus WESMAEL 1845
Creators: name: Kolarov, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Aethecerus
Aethecerus nitidus

description: Aethecerus nitidus WESMAEL 1845
 Aethecerus nitidus WESMAEL 1845. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxels 18: 204.
 Aethecerus nitidus: STROBL 1900: 184.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Europe, Turkey, Iran and Siberia.
description: Published as part of Kolarov, J., 2008, A Catalogue of the [former] Yugoslavian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta), pp. 1585-1739 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (2) on page 1672, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5431642