cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coherent errors and readout errors in the surface code
Creators: name: Márton, Áron
name: Asbóth, János K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the combined effect of readout errors and coherent errors, i.e., deterministic phase rotations, on the surface code. We use a recently developed numerical approach, via a mapping of the physical qubits to Majorana fermions. We show how to use this approach in the presence of readout errors, treated on the phenomenological level: perfect projective measurements with potentially incorrectly recorded outcomes, and multiple repeated measurement rounds. We find a threshold for this combination of errors, with an error rate close to the threshold of the corresponding incoherent error channel (random Pauli-Z and readout errors). The value of the threshold error rate, using the worst case fidelity as the measure of logical errors, is 2.6%. Below the threshold, scaling up the code leads to the rapid loss of coherence in the logical-level errors, but error rates that are greater than those of the corresponding incoherent error channel. We also vary the coherent and readout error rates independently, and find that the surface code is more sensitive to coherent errors than to readout errors. Our work extends the recent results on coherent errors with perfect readout to the experimentally more realistic situation where readout errors also occur.
description: Final version
Gas infall and radial transport in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass disks
Creators: name: Trapp, Cameron
name: Keres, Dusan
name: Chan, T. K.
name: Escala, Ivanna
name: Hummels, Cameron
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre
name: Murray, Norman
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Wetzel, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations indicate that a continuous supply of gas is needed to maintain observed star formation rates in large, disky galaxies. To fuel star formation, gas must reach the inner regions of such galaxies. Despite its crucial importance for galaxy evolution, how and where gas joins galaxies is poorly constrained observationally and is rarely explored in fully cosmological simulations. To investigate gas accretion in the vicinity of galaxies, we analyze the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations for 4 Milky Way mass galaxies (M_halo ~ 10E12 solar masses), focusing on simulations with cosmic ray physics. We find that at z~0, gas approaches the disk with angular momentum similar to the gaseous disk edge and low radial velocities, piling-up near the edge and settling into full rotational support. Accreting gas moves predominantly parallel to the disk with small but nonzero vertical velocity components, and joins the disk largely in the outskirts as opposed to "raining" down onto the disk. Once in the disk, gas trajectories are complex, being dominated by spiral arm induced oscillations and feedback. However, time and azimuthal averages show clear but slow net radial infall with transport speeds of 1-3 km/s and net mass fluxes through the disk on the order of one solar mass per year, comparable to the star formation rates of the galaxies and decreasing towards galactic center as gas is sunk into star formation. These rates are slightly higher in simulations without cosmic rays (1-7 km/s, ~4-5 solar masses per year). We find overall consistency of our results with observational constraints and discuss prospects of future observations of gas flows in and around galaxies.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, published by MNRAS
Quantum Tunneling of Spin-1 Particles from a 5D Einstein-Yang-Mills-Gauss-Bonnet Black Hole Beyond Semiclassical Approximation
Creators: name: Jusufi, Kimet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper we study the Hawking radiation as a quantum tunneling effect of spin-$1$ particles from a five-dimensional, spherically symmetric, Einstein-Yang-Mills-Gauss-Bonnet (5D EYMGB) black hole. We solve the Proca equation (PE) by applying the WKB approximation and separation of variables via Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation which results in a set of five differential equations, and reproduces in this way, the Hawking temperature. In the second part of this paper, we extend our results beyond the semiclassical approximation. In particular, we derive the logarithmic correction to the entropy of the 5D EYMGB black hole and show that the quantum corrected specific heat indicates the possible existence of a remnant.
description: 7 pages, accepted by EPL (Europhysics Letters)
Observation of orbital order in the Van der Waals material 1T-TiSe2
Creators: name: Peng, Yingying
name: Guo, Xuefei
name: Xiao, Qian
name: Li, Qizhi
name: Strempfer, Jörg
name: Choi, Yongseong
name: Yan, Dong
name: Luo, Huixia
name: Huang, Yuqing
name: Jia, Shuang
name: Janson, Oleg
name: Abbamonte, Peter
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: van Wezel, Jasper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Besides magnetic and charge order, regular arrangements of orbital occupation constitute a fundamental order parameter of condensed matter physics. Even though orbital order is difficult to identify directly in experiments, its presence was firmly established in a number of strongly correlated, three-dimensional Mott insulators. Here, reporting resonant X-ray scattering experiments on the layered Van der Waals compound $1T$-TiSe$_2$, we establish the emergence of orbital order in a weakly correlated, quasi-two-dimensional material. Our experimental scattering results are consistent with first-principles calculations that bring to the fore a generic mechanism of close interplay between charge redistribution, lattice displacements, and orbital order. It demonstrates the essential role that orbital degrees of freedom play in TiSe$_2$, and their importance throughout the family of correlated Van der Waals materials.
Turing instability in a diffusive predator-prey model with multiple Allee effect and herd behavior
Creators: name: Xiao, Jianglong
name: Xia, Yonghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Diffusion-driven instability and bifurcation analysis are studied in a predator-prey model with herd behavior and quadratic mortality by incorporating multiple Allee effect into prey species. The existence and stability of the equilibria of the system are studied. And bifurcation behaviors of the system without diffusion are shown. The sufficient and necessary conditions for Turing instability occurring are obtained. And the stability and the direction of Hopf and steady state bifurcations are explored by using the normal form method. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are presented to support our theoretical analysis. We found that too large diffusion rate of prey prevents Turing instability from emerging. Finally, we summarize our findings in the conclusion.
Hawking radiation of scalar and vector particles from 5D Myers-Perry black holes
Creators: name: Jusufi, Kimet
name: Övgün, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper we explore the Hawking radiation as a quantum tunneling effect from a rotating 5 dimensional Myers-Perry black hole (5D-MPBH) with two independent angular momentum components. First, we investigate the Hawking temperature by considering the tunneling of massive scalar particles and spin-1 vector particles from the 5D-MPBH in the Painlevé coordinates and then in the corotating frames. More specifically, we solve the Klein-Gordon and Proca equations by applying the WKB method and Hamilton-Jacobi equation in both cases. Finally, we recover the Hawking temperature and show that coordinates systems do not affect the Hawking temperature.
description: 11 pages, Accepted for publication in International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Higher-order topological superconductors characterized by Fermi level crossings
Creators: name: Wang, Hong
name: Zhu, Xiaoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that level crossings at the Fermi energy serve as robust indicators for higher-order topology in two-dimensional superconductors of symmetry class D. These crossings occur when the boundary condition in one direction is continuously varied from periodic to open, revealing the topological distinction between opposite edges. The associated Majorana numbers acquire nontrivial values whenever the system supports two Majorana zero modes distributed at its corners. Owing to their immunity to perturbations that break crystalline symmetries, Fermi level crossings are able to characterize a wide range of higher-order topological superconductors. By directly identifying the level-crossing points from the bulk Hamiltonian, we establish the correspondence between gapped bulk and Majorana corner states in higher-order phases. In the end, we illustrate this correspondence using two toy models. Our findings suggest that Fermi level crossings offer a possible avenue for characterizing higher-order topological superconductors in a unifying framework.
description: 7+6 pages, 4+6 figures
Fatigue resistance evaluation of high-strength steels through a new method based on stiffness evolution
Creators: name: Parareda, Sergi
name: Mares, Marc
name: Lara, Antoni
name: Mateo, Antonio
name: Casellas, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Fatigue4Light-research poster presented during the International Conference on Advanced Materials Research (EEIGM). Sergi Parareda and Marc Mares, project partners from the Metallic and Ceramic Materials Unit of Eurecat, participated in the event.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101006844
Suffix-connected languages
Creators: name: Goulet-Ouellet, Herman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68R15 (Primary), 68Q45 (Secondary)

description: Inspired by a series of papers initiated in 2015 by Berthé et al., we introduce a new condition called suffix-connectedness. We show that the groups generated by the return sets of a uniformly recurrent suffix-connected language lie in a single conjugacy class of subgroups of the free group. Moreover, the rank of the subgroups in this conjugacy class only depends on the number of connected components in the extension graph of the empty word. We also show how to explicitly compute a representative of this conjugacy class using the first order Rauzy graph. Finally, we provide an example of suffix-connected, uniformly recurrent language that contains infinitely many disconnected words.
description: 24 pages with 9 figures
Hidden Non n-locality In Linear Networks
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Kaushiki
name: Mandal, Soma
name: Patro, Tapaswini
name: Ganguly, Nirman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study hidden nonlocality in a linear network with independent sources. In the usual paradigm of Bell nonlocality, there are certain states which exhibit nonlocality only after the application of suitable local filtering operations, which, in turn, are some special stochastic local operations assisted with classical communication (SLOCC). In the present work, we introduce the notion of hidden non n-locality. The notion is detailed using a bilocal network. We provide instances of hidden nonbilocality and nontrilocality, where we notice quite intriguingly that nonbilocality is observed even when one of the sources distributes a mixed two-qubit separable state. Furthermore, a characterization of hidden nonbilocality is also provided in terms of the Bloch-Fano decomposition, wherein we conjecture that, to witness hidden nonbilocality, one of the two states (used by the sources) must have nonnull local Bloch vectors. Noise is inevitable in practical scenarios, which makes it imperative to study any possible method to enhance the possibility of detecting nonclassicality in the presence of noise in the network. We find that local filtering enhances the robustness to noise, which we demonstrate using bit-flip and amplitude-damping channels.
description: Final version
Classical Electromagnetic Interaction of a Charge with a Solenoid or Toroid
Creators: name: Boyer, Timothy H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Aharonov-Bohm phase shift in a particle interference pattern when electrons pass a long solenoid is identical in form with the optical interference pattern shift when a piece of retarding glass is introduced into one path of a two-beam optical interference pattern. The particle interference-pattern deflection is a relativistic effect of order 1/c^2, though this relativity aspect is rarely mentioned in the literature. Here we give a thorough analysis of the classical electromagnetic aspects of the interaction between a solenoid or toroid and a charged particle. We point out the magnetic Lorentz force which the solenoid or toroid experiences due to a passing charge. Although analysis in the rest frame of the solenoid or toroid will involve back Faraday fields on the charge, the analysis in the inertial frame in which the charge is initially at rest involves forces due to only electric fields where forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The classical analysis is made using the Darwin Lagrangian. We point out that the classical analysis suggests an angular deflection independent of Planck's constant where the deflection magnitude is identical with that given by the traditional quantum analysis, but where the deflection direction is unambiguous.
description: 34 pages
Bilevel Inverse Problems in Neuromorphic Imaging
Creators: name: Antil, Harbir
name: Sayre, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Event or Neuromorphic cameras are novel biologically inspired sensors that record data based on the change in light intensity at each pixel asynchronously. They have a temporal resolution of microseconds. This is useful for scenes with fast moving objects that can cause motion blur in traditional cameras, which record the average light intensity over an exposure time for each pixel synchronously. This paper presents a bilevel inverse problem framework for neuromorphic imaging. Existence of solution to the inverse problem is established. Second order sufficient conditions are derived under special situations for this nonconvex problem. A second order Newton type solver is derived to solve the problem. The efficacy of the approach is shown on several examples.
Approximate reconstructability of quantum states and noisy quantum secret sharing schemes
Creators: name: Ouyang, Yingkai
name: Goswami, Kaumudibikash
name: Romero, Jacquiline
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
name: Tomamichel, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce and analyse approximate quantum secret sharing in a formal cryptographic setting, wherein a dealer encodes and distributes a quantum secret to players such that authorized structures (sets of subsets of players) can approximately reconstruct the quantum secret and omnipotent adversarial agents controlling non-authorized subsets of players are approximately denied the quantum secret. In particular, viewing the map encoding the quantum secret to shares for players in an authorized structure as a quantum channel, we show that approximate reconstructability of the quantum secret by these players is possible if and only if the information leakage, given in terms of a certain entanglement-assisted capacity of the complementary quantum channel to the players outside the structure and the environment, is small.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
High order computation of optimal transport, mean field planning, and mean field games
Creators: name: Fu, Guosheng
name: Liu, Siting
name: Osher, Stanley
name: Li, Wuchen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M60

description: Mean-field games (MFGs) have shown strong modeling capabilities for large systems in various fields, driving growth in computational methods for mean-field game problems. However, high order methods have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, we explore applying general high-order numerical schemes with finite element methods in the space-time domain for computing the optimal transport (OT), mean-field planning (MFP), and MFG problems. We conduct several experiments to validate the convergence rate of the high order method numerically. Those numerical experiments also demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.
Translation gauge field theory of gravity in Minkowski spacetime
Creators: name: Li, Hang
name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational field with spin-2 is introduced naturally by the requirement that the Lagrangian is locally translation invariant in Minkowski spacetime. The interactions between the gravitational field and spin-1/2, 0, 1 matter fields are obtained along with the Lagrangian for the gravitational field including self-interactions. The deflection angle of light when it passes through the sun is calculated with different gauge conditions as an example. Our leading-order result is the same as that from general relativity, although the basic ideas are different. It is interesting that gravity can be described in a similar way to other fundamental interactions in Minkowski spacetime, and it may provide a new scenario for the Universe.
Biaxial-stress-driven full spin polarization in ferromagnetic hexagonal chromium telluride
Creators: name: Xiao, Xiang-Bo
name: Li, Jun
name: Liu, Bang-Gui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is important to spintronics to achieve fully-spin-polarized magnetic materials that are stable and can be easily fabricated. Here, through systematical density-functional-theory investigations, we achieve high and even full spin polarization for carriers in the ground-state phase of CrTe by applying tensile biaxial stress. The resulting strain is tensile in the xy plane and compressive in the z axis. With the in-plane tensile strain increasing, the ferromagnetic order is stable against antiferromagnetic fluctuations, and a half-metallic ferromagnetism is achieved at an in-plane strain of 4.8%. With the spin-orbit coupling taken into account, the spin polarization is equivalent to 97% at the electronic phase transition point, and then becomes 100.0% at the in-plane strain of 6.0%. These make us believe that the full-spin-polarized ferromagnetism in this stable and easily-realizable hexagonal phase could be realized soon, and applied in spintronics.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
CoVIO: Online Continual Learning for Visual-Inertial Odometry
Creators: name: Vödisch, Niclas
name: Cattaneo, Daniele
name: Burgard, Wolfram
name: Valada, Abhinav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual odometry is a fundamental task for many applications on mobile devices and robotic platforms. Since such applications are oftentimes not limited to predefined target domains and learning-based vision systems are known to generalize poorly to unseen environments, methods for continual adaptation during inference time are of significant interest. In this work, we introduce CoVIO for online continual learning of visual-inertial odometry. CoVIO effectively adapts to new domains while mitigating catastrophic forgetting by exploiting experience replay. In particular, we propose a novel sampling strategy to maximize image diversity in a fixed-size replay buffer that targets the limited storage capacity of embedded devices. We further provide an asynchronous version that decouples the odometry estimation from the network weight update step enabling continuous inference in real time. We extensively evaluate CoVIO on various real-world datasets demonstrating that it successfully adapts to new domains while outperforming previous methods. The code of our work is publicly available at http://continual-slam.cs.uni-freiburg.de.
Observation of measurement-induced quantum phases in a trapped-ion quantum computer
Creators: name: Noel, Crystal
name: Niroula, Pradeep
name: Zhu, Daiwei
name: Risinger, Andrew
name: Egan, Laird
name: Biswas, Debopriyo
name: Cetina, Marko
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Gullans, Michael J.
name: Huse, David A.
name: Monroe, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body open quantum systems balance internal dynamics against decoherence from interactions with an environment. Here, we explore this balance via random quantum circuits implemented on a trapped ion quantum computer, where the system evolution is represented by unitary gates with interspersed projective measurements. As the measurement rate is varied, a purification phase transition is predicted to emerge at a critical point akin to a fault-tolerent threshold. We probe the "pure" phase, where the system is rapidly projected to a deterministic state conditioned on the measurement outcomes, and the "mixed" or "coding" phase, where the initial state becomes partially encoded into a quantum error correcting codespace. We find convincing evidence of the two phases and show numerically that, with modest system scaling, critical properties of the transition clearly emerge.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Empowering Plant  Phenomics: Leveraging  EOSC Services for  Enhanced Data Security  and Collaboration
Creators: name: Alic, Isabelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: EOSC
PlantPhenomics
DataSecurity
CollaborativeResearchs
PhenotypicData
EGIServices
cloudcomputing
EGIFoundation

description: The European Infrastructure for Multi-scale Plant Phenomics and Simulation (EMPHASIS) is a distributed research infrastructure with the aim of developing and providing access to facilities and services addressing multi-scale plant phenotyping in different agro-climatic scenarios. EMPHASIS addresses the technological and organizational limits of European phenotyping, for a full exploitation of genetic and genomic resources available for crop improvement in changing climate.

However, among the services available through the infrastructure, the data services need to be improved. There is a need to build a federated and interoperable e-infrastructure that allows researchers to share and analyse phenotyping data. In recent years, in fact, technological progress has been made in plant phenomics, and high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms now produce massive datasets involving millions of plant images concerning hundreds of different genotypes at different phenological stages in both field and controlled environments. Networks of sensors also measure environmental conditions in real time. The ongoing robotisation of experimental processes foreshadows an explosion in the volume and complexity of the data produced by the different research facilities.
The impact of a new National Curriculum on subject leaders in primary and secondary Schools
Creators: name: Chubb, Steven
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: National Curriculum
Basil Bernstein
thematic analysis
Primary School
secondary school

description: This interpretivist case-study research aimed to investigate the impact of a new National Curriculum on the work of subject lead teachers in a secondary school and in one of its ‘feeder’ primary schools from which it recruits some of its students. The cross-phase aspect of the research is unusual and raises interesting issues about student transition, school links and differences in curriculum planning within the two school settings. The research was carried out using semi-structured interviews in a pragmatic sample of subject lead teachers in the two geographically linked case study schools. Analysis of the interviews was through a thematic analysis approach based on the work of Braun and Clarke (2006), leading to inductively developed themes that were then deductively analysed using Bernstein’s ‘Pedagogic Device’ (2000) as a conceptual lens. The analysis particularly focused on the ‘recontextualising’ and ‘evaluative’ rules of Bernstein’s Pedagogic Device. The initial findings of this small-scale case study research suggest that state influence over the work of teachers through a National Curriculum may vary considerably depending on the curriculum subject and age phase and that assessment of the curriculum is a powerful influence on curriculum planning. This highlights the importance of the evaluative rules and field of reproduction in Bernstein’s Pedagogic Device and suggests that further conceptual development of the role of assessment has some value. The research contributes to understanding of Bernstein’s evaluative rules and of how the state might influence the curriculum development work of subject leaders.
Wide-field CO isotopologue emission and the CO-to-H$_2$ factor across the nearby spiral galaxy M101
Creators: name: Brok, Jakob S. den
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: Chastenet, Jérémy
name: Sandstrom, Karin
name: Leroy, Adam
name: Usero, Antonio
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Rosolowsky, Erik W.
name: Koch, Eric W.
name: Chiang, I-Da
name: Barnes, Ashley T.
name: Puschnig, Johannes
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Bešlić, Ivana
name: Chevance, Melanie
name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Eibensteiner, Cosima
name: Glover, Simon
name: Jiménez-Donaire, María J.
name: Teng, Yu-Hsuan
name: Williams, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon monoxide (CO) emission is the most widely used tracer of the bulk molecular gas in the interstellar medium (ISM) in extragalactic studies. The CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor, $α_{\rm CO}$, links the observed CO emission to the total molecular gas mass. However, no single prescription perfectly describes the variation of $α_{\rm CO}$ across all environments across galaxies as a function of metallicity, molecular gas opacity, line excitation, and other factors. Using resolved spectral line observations of CO and its isotopologues, we can constrain the molecular gas conditions and link them to a variation in the conversion factor. We present new IRAM 30-m 1mm and 3mm line observations of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O} across the nearby galaxy M101. Based on the CO isotopologue line ratios, we find that selective nucleosynthesis and opacity changes are the main drivers of the variation in the line emission across the galaxy. Furthermore, we estimated $α_{\rm CO(1-0)}$ using different approaches, including (i) the dust mass surface density derived from far-IR emission as an independent tracer of the total gas surface density and (ii) LTE-based measurements using the optically thin $^{13}$CO(1-0) intensity. We find an average value of $α_{\rm CO}=4.4{\pm}0.9\rm\,M_\odot\,pc^{-2}(K\,km\,s^{-1})^{-1}$ across the galaxy, with a decrease by a factor of 10 toward the 2 kpc central region. In contrast, we find LTE-based values are lower by a factor of 2-3 across the disk relative to the dust-based result. Accounting for $α_{\rm CO}$ variations, we found significantly reduced molecular gas depletion time by a factor 10 in the galaxy's center. In conclusion, our result suggests implications for commonly derived scaling relations, such as an underestimation of the slope of the Kennicutt Schmidt law, if $α_{\rm CO}$ variations are not accounted for.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 25 pages, 15 figures
Research Project on Prospects and Challenges of Private Health Care Delivery Business Model of Social Franchise: Case of Marie Stopes International Ethiopia
Creators: name: Zemene, Akalu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Private health sectors working with Mariestopes International Ethiopia (MSIE) in franchising relationship are required to comply with new FMHACCA clinic standard requirements for middle level and higher clinic which potentially affect sustaining the relationship with Franchised Clinical network. Capability of access to financial resource, supply of FP commodities and trained manpower are constraints to the network, which are a challenge for MSIE to succeed with the objective ensuring sustainability of the service and increasing access for the underserved. This survey has an objective to assess the prospect and challenges of providing family planning and reproductive health services through social franchise network business model of private clinics for Marie stopes international Ethiopia (MSIE). The purpose of this survey is to assess the prospect and challenges of providing family planning and reproductive health services through social franchise network business model of private clinics for Marie stopes international Ethiopia (MSIE) A sample frame is prepared for collecting information about the challenges, prospects and strategy on the business model. The study has been conducted in franchised health provider networks that are located in the Addis Ababa City Administration, Oromya Regional State, Amhara Regional State, Tigray Regional State and south Regional State using a descriptive survey design method where the primary data was collected from randomly selected clinics through questionnaire. The study was conducted through a survey of key informant responses across the franchised Clinics, from a population of 535 clinics sixty (60) are purposively selected to represent the population due to similar standards followed by MSIE to operate with the clinics. The result revealed that, there are many challenges the franchised clinics are facing, but the major challenges identified are lack of access to financing, branding and promotion of the clinics, exclusion of the private sector from the new health insurance scheme, demand creation activities, lack of incentive from government, stringent quality control and emphasis on more revenue generating clinical service than FP. This survey indicated that, Prospects of the MSIE franchised clinics depend on their access to financial support and strong support provided by MSIE to continue in the business model in providing FP/RH Services. iv Key words: Franchised clinics (Bluestar Clinics), Family Planning (FP), Reproductive health (RH) services, Supportive supervision, Quality audit and Health network.
Entangled states of two quantum dots mediated by Majorana fermions
Creators: name: Shi, Z. C.
name: Wang, W.
name: Yi, X. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the assistance of a pair of Majorana fermions, we propose schemes to entangle two quantum dots by Lyapunov control in the charge and spin degrees of freedom. Four different schemes are considered, i.e., the teleportation scheme, the crossed Andreev reflection scheme, the intradot spin flip scheme, and the scheme beyond the intradot spin flip. We demonstrate that the entanglement can be generated by modulating the chemical potential of quantum dots with square pulses, which is easily realized in practice. In contrast to Lyapunov control, the preparation of entangled states by adiabatic passage is also discussed. There are two advantages in the scheme by Lyapunov control, i.e., it is flexible to choose a control Hamiltonian, and the control time is much shorter with respect to the scheme by adiabatic passage. Furthermore, we find that the results are quite different by different adiabatic passages in the scheme beyond the intradot spin flip, which can be understood as an effect of quantum destructive interference.
Trend estimation and short-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide
Creators: name: Krymova, Ekaterina
name: Béjar, Benjamín
name: Thanou, Dorina
name: Sun, Tao
name: Manetti, Elisa
name: Lee, Gavin
name: Namigai, Kristen
name: Choirat, Christine
name: Flahault, Antoine
name: Obozinski, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 92D30, 00-01, 60G25

description: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many dashboards have emerged as useful tools to monitor the evolution of the pandemic, inform the public, and assist governments in decision making. Our goal is to develop a globally applicable method, integrated in a twice daily updated dashboard that provides an estimate of the trend in the evolution of the number of cases and deaths from reported data of more than 200 countries and territories, as well as a seven-day forecast. One of the significant difficulties to manage a quickly propagating epidemic is that the details of the dynamic needed to forecast its evolution are obscured by the delays in the identification of cases and deaths and by irregular reporting. Our forecasting methodology substantially relies on estimating the underlying trend in the observed time series using robust seasonal trend decomposition techniques. This allows us to obtain forecasts with simple, yet effective extrapolation methods in linear or log scale. We present the results of an assessment of our forecasting methodology and discuss its application to the production of global and regional risk maps.
Investigating the spatial heterogeneity of factors influencing speeding-related crash severities using correlated random parameter order models with heterogeneity-in-means
Creators: name: Yuan, Renteng
name: Xiang, Qiaojun
name: Fang, Zhiheng
name: Gu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speeding has been acknowledged as a critical determinant in increasing the risk of crashes and their resulting injury severities. This paper demonstrates that severe speeding-related crashes within the state of Pennsylvania have a spatial clustering trend, where four crash datasets are extracted from four hotspot districts. Two log-likelihood ratio (LR) tests were conducted to determine whether speeding-related crashes classified by hotspot districts should be modeled separately. The results suggest that separate modeling is necessary. To capture the unobserved heterogeneity, four correlated random parameter order models with heterogeneity in means are employed to explore the factors contributing to crash severity involving at least one vehicle speeding. Overall, the findings exhibit that some indicators are observed to be spatial instability, including hit pedestrian crashes, head-on crashes, speed limits, work zones, light conditions (dark), rural areas, older drivers, running stop signs, and running red lights. Moreover, drunk driving, exceeding the speed limit, and being unbelted present relative spatial stability in four district models. This paper provides insights into preventing speeding-related crashes and potentially facilitating the development of corresponding crash injury mitigation policies.
Bound states without potentials: localization at singularities
Creators: name: He, Eric
name: Ganesh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bound state formation is a classic feature of quantum mechanics, where a particle localizes in the vicinity of an attractive potential. This is typically understood as the particle lowering its potential energy. In this article, we discuss a paradigm where bound states arise purely due to kinetic energy considerations. This phenomenon occurs in certain non-manifold spaces that consist of multiple smooth surfaces that intersect one another. The intersection region can be viewed as a singularity where dimensionality is not defined. We demonstrate this idea in a setting where a particle moves on $M$ spaces ($M=2, 3, 4, \ldots$), each of dimensionality $D$ ($D=1, 2$ and $3$). The spaces intersect at a common point, which serves as a singularity. To study quantum behaviour in this setting, we discretize space and adopt a tight-binding approach. We generically find a ground state that is localized around the singular point, bound by the kinetic energy of `shuttling' among the $M$ surfaces. We draw a quantitative analogy between singularities on the one hand and local attractive potentials on the other. To each singularity, we assign an equivalent potential that produces the same bound state wavefunction and binding energy. The degree of a singularity ($M$, the number of intersecting surfaces) determines the strength of the equivalent potential. With $D=1$ and $D=2$, we show that any singularity creates a bound state. This is analogous to the well known fact that any attractive potential creates a bound state in 1D and 2D. In contrast, with $D=3$, bound states only appear when the degree of the singularity exceeds a threshold value. This is analogous to the fact that in three dimensions, a threshold potential strength is required for bound state formation. We discuss implications for experiments and theoretical studies in various domains of quantum physics.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Influence of mass-ratio corrections in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals for testing general relativity
Creators: name: Shen, Ping
name: Han, Wen-Biao
name: Zhang, Chen
name: Yang, Shu-Cheng
name: Zhong, Xing-Yu
name: Jiang, Ye
name: Cui, Qiuxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The popular waveform templates of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals usually omit the mass-ratio corrections in the conservative dynamics, and employ adiabatic approximation to include the radiation reaction. With the help of effective-one-body dynamics, we investigate the influence of mass-ratio corrections in the conservative part on the gravitational waves. We find that for the extra-relativistic orbits, the mass-ratio corrections can produce obvious orbital dephasing even for very small mass-ratio and then affect the waveforms. More importantly, it is noted that omitting the mass-ratio corrections in waveform templates may induce a fake signal of deviation from general relativity.
Thermal Transport Across Metal Silicide-Silicon Interfaces: An Experimental Comparison between Epitaxial and Non-epitaxial Interfaces
Creators: name: Ye, Ning
name: Feser, Joseph P
name: Sadasivam, Sridhar
name: Fisher, Timothy S.
name: Wang, Tianshi
name: Ni, Chaoying
name: Janotti, Anderson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicides are used extensively in nano- and microdevices due to their low electrical resistivity, low contact resistance to silicon, and their process compatibility. In this work, the thermal interface conductance of TiSi$_2$, CoSi$_2$, NiSi and PtSi are studied using time-domain thermoreflectance. Exploiting the fact that most silicides formed on Si(111) substrates grow epitaxially, while most silicides on Si(100) do not, we study the effect of epitaxy, and show that for a wide variety of interfaces there is no difference in the thermal interface conductance of epitaxial and non-epitaxial silicide/silicon interfaces. The effect of substrate carrier concentration is also investigated over a wide range of p- and n-type doping, and is found to be independent of carrier concentration, regardless of whether the interface is epitaxial and regardless of silicide type. In the case of epitaxial CoSi$_2$, a comparison of temperature dependant experimental data is made with two detailed computational models using (1) full-dispersion diffuse mismatch modeling (DMM) including the effect of near-interfacial strain and (2) an atomistic Green' function (AGF) approach that integrates near-interface changes in the interatomic force constants obtained through density functional perturbation theory. At temperatures above 100K, the AGF approach greatly underpredicts the CoSi$_2$ data, while the DMM prediction matches the data well. The full-dispersion DMM is also found to closely predict the experimentally observed temperature-dependent interface conductance for epitaxial NiSi/Si and non-epitaxial TiSi$_2$/Si interfaces. In the case of epitaxial PtSi/Si interfaces, full dispersion DMM significantly overpredicts the experimental data.
description: 6 Figures, Accepted at Phys. Rev. B (Jan. 26, 2017)
An Assessment of Service Delivery Practices in Angolelaena Tera Woreda Educational Office of North Showa Zone, Amhara Region
Creators: name: Mohammed, Endris
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Ethiopian government has implemented Education for All to improve the human capacity status of the citizen in order to have skilled man power. One of the area to produce skilled manpower is primary, secondary and preparatory Schools under the coordination and supervising of Woreda Education Office. The main focus of the study was to undertake how service delivery Practices implement in Angolelaena Tera Woreda Educational Office for their internal customers. As to the research methodology, descriptive method was used. Purposive based on geographical location to select sample school. Five (5) primary schools, two (2) secondary schools and one (1) preparatory school were purposively selected from the Woreda. From these schools a total of 130 teachers were randomly chosen. Purposive sampling was utilized to select Woreda Office Administrators. Observations and interview were applied to obtain first-hand information. Furthermore, the data were collected through closed and open ended questionnaires, interviews and document review. Thus, questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive methods which mainly focused on data presentation and analysis using frequencies and percentiles. To this end, the major findings were the service delivery which is given in Woreda Educational Office for their internal customer has some shortage like doing things based on standard, with written and transparency information for all teachers which are working indifferent schools. Speeding up the service delivery on education standards, transparently, free communication, human capacity building for teachers and administrative bodies the major recommendations put forwarded
High fraction of silent recombination in a finite population two-locus neutral birth-death-mutation model
Creators: name: Melka, Akiva Bruno
name: Louzoun, Yoram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A precise estimate of allele and haplotype polymorphism is of great interest in theoretical population genetics, but also has practical applications, such as bone marrow registries management. Allele polymorphism is driven mainly by point mutations, while haplotype polymorphism is also affected by recombination. Current estimates treat recombination as mutations in an infinite site model. We here show that even in the simple case of two loci in a haploid individual, for a finite population, most recombination events produce existing haplotypes, and as such are silent. Silent recombination considerably reduces the total number of haplotypes expected from the infinite site model for populations that are not much larger than one over the mutation rate. Moreover, in contrast with mutations, the number of haplotypes does not grow linearly with the population size. We hence propose a more accurate estimate of the total number of haplotypes that takes into account silent recombination. We study large-scale Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) haplotype frequencies from human populations to show that the current estimated recombination rate in the HLA region is underestimated.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
An exploration of organic structures and pattern
Creators: name: Fordyce, Meredith.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A computer vision based optical method for measuring fluid level in cell culture plates
Creators: name: Baudin, Pierre V.
name: Teodorescu, Mircea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: For a transparent well with a known volume capacity, changes in fluid level result in predictable changes in magnification of an overhead light source. For a given well size and fluid, the relationship between volume and magnification can be calculated if the fluid's index of refraction is known or in a naive fashion with a calibration procedure. Light source magnification can be measured through a camera and processed using computer vision contour analysis with OpenCV. This principle was applied in the design of a 3D printable sensing device using a raspberry pi zero and a camera
TDCOSMO XIV: Practical Techniques for Estimating External Convergence of Strong Gravitational Lens Systems and Applications to the SDSS J0924+0219 System
Creators: name: Wells, Patrick
name: Fassnacht, Christopher D.
name: Rusu, C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-delay cosmography uses strong gravitational lensing of a time-variable source to infer the Hubble Constant. The measurement is independent from both traditional distance ladder and CMB measurements. An accurate measurement with this technique requires considering the effects of objects along the line of sight outside the primary lens, which is quantified by the external convergence ($κ_{\rm{ext}}$). In absence of such corrections, $H_0$ will be biased towards higher values in overdense fields and lower values in underdense fields. We discuss the current state of the methods used to account for environment effects. We present a new software package built for this kind of analysis and others that can leverage large astronomical survey datasets. We apply these techniques to the SDSS J0924+0219 strong lens field. We infer the relative density of the SDSS J0924+0219 field by computing weighted number counts for all galaxies in the field, and comparing to weighted number counts computed for a large number of fields in a reference survey. We then compute weighted number counts in the Millennium Simulation and compare these results to infer the external convergence of the lens field.Results. Our results show the SDSS J0924+0219 field is a fairly typical line of sight, with median $κ_{\rm{ext}} = -0.012$ and standard deviation $σ_κ = 0.028$.
description: Submitted to A&A. 10 pages, 5 figures