cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using angular momentum maps to detect kinematically distinct galactic components
Creators: name: Irodotou, Dimitrios
name: Thomas, Peter A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we introduce a physically motivated method of performing disc/spheroid decomposition of simulated galaxies, which we apply to the Eagle sample. We make use of the HEALPix package to create Mollweide projections of the angular momentum map of each galaxy's stellar particles. A number of features arise on the angular momentum space which allows us to decompose galaxies and classify them into different morphological types. We assign stellar particles with angular separation of less/greater than 30 degrees from the densest grid cell on the angular momentum sphere to the disc/spheroid components, respectively. We analyse the spatial distribution for a subsample of galaxies and show that the surface density profiles of the disc and spheroid closely follow an exponential and a Sersic profile, respectively. In addition discs rotate faster, have smaller velocity dispersions, are younger and are more metal rich than spheroids. Thus our morphological classification reproduces the observed properties of such systems. Finally, we demonstrate that our method is able to identify a significant population of galaxies with counter-rotating discs and provide a more realistic classification of such systems compared to previous methods.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Stellar Collapse Diversity and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
Creators: name: Kresse, Daniel
name: Ertl, Thomas
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffuse cosmic supernova neutrino background (DSNB) is observational target of the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector and the forthcoming JUNO and Hyper-Kamiokande detectors. Current predictions are hampered by our still incomplete understanding of the supernova (SN) explosion mechanism and of the neutron star (NS) equation of state and maximum mass. In our comprehensive study we revisit this problem on grounds of the landscapes of successful and failed SN explosions obtained by Sukhbold et al. and Ertl et al. with parametrized one-dimensional neutrino engines for large sets of single-star and helium-star progenitors, with the latter serving as proxy of binary evolution effects. Besides considering engines of different strengths, leading to different fractions of failed SNe with black-hole (BH) formation, we also vary the NS mass limit, the spectral shape of the neutrino emission, and include contributions from poorly understood alternative NS-formation channels such as accretion-induced or merger-induced collapse events. Since the neutrino signals of our large model sets are approximate, we calibrate the associated degrees of freedom by using state-of-the-art simulations of proto-neutron star cooling. Our predictions are higher than other recent ones because of a large fraction of failed SNe with long delay to BH formation. Our best-guess model predicts a DSNB electron-antineutrino-flux of 28.8^{+24.6}_{-10.9} cm^{-2}s^{-1} with 6.0^{+5.1}_{-2.1} cm^{-2}s^{-1} in the favorable measurement interval of [10,30] MeV, and 1.3^{+1.1}_{-0.4} cm^{-2}s^{-1} with electron-antineutrino energies > 17.3 MeV, which is roughly a factor of two below the current SK limit. The uncertainty range is dominated by the still insufficiently constrained cosmic rate of stellar core-collapse events.
description: 43 pages, 16 figures, 10 tables; revised version with new Sections 6 & 9, and new Appendix E; accepted by ApJ
Exploring the Possibility of Using Quantum Tunneling to Transmit Particles Beyond the Observable Universe
Creators: name: Jose Luis Tirado Jimenez
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the theoretical implications of using quantum tunneling as a mechanism to transmit particles beyond the observable universe. While the likelihood of such an event occurring is astronomically low, the fact that the probability is not zero raises interesting questions about the potential for exchanging information.

The paper discusses the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics that govern tunneling and examines how this phenomenon might be utilized to search for or send evidence of life to regions that are currently beyond our observational reach. Additionally, the article emphasizes the importance of extreme collimation of particles to maximize the chances of successful tunneling in a desired direction.

By delving into the relationship between quantum mechanics and cosmology, this work invites further speculation on how such processes could redefine our understanding of communication and the search for extraterrestrial life in the universe.
Heterotic geometry without isometries
Creators: name: Isaev, A. P.
name: Santillan, O. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some properties of hyperkahler torsion (or heterotic) geometry in four dimensions that make it even more tractable than its hyperkahler counterpart. We show that in $d=4$ hypercomplex structures and weak torsion hyperkahler geometries are the same. We present two equivalent formalisms describing such spaces, they are stated in the propositions of section 1. The first is reduced to solve a non-linear system for a doublet of potential functions, first found by Plebanski and Finley. The second is equivalent to finding the solutions of a quadratic Ashtekar-Jacobson-Smolin like system, but without a volume preserving condition. This is why heterotic spaces are simpler than usual hyperkahler ones. We also analyze the strong version of this geometry. Certain examples are presented, some of them are metrics of the Callan-Harvey-Strominger type and others are not. In the conclusion we discuss the benefits and disadvantages of both formulations in detail.
description: 21 pages, no figures, english corrected and some references added
Lessing, Eckhard: Kirche - Recht - Ökumene
Creators: name: Brosseder, Johannes
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 33 Nr. 2 (1984): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 33, Heft 2
Some Notes on Farm Power Usage and Costs on Dairy Farms in The South Coast Milk Board Area
Creators: name: Druce, P.C.
name: Druce, P.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1949
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The mechanisation of the dairy industry in New South Wales has proceeded gradually over the past fifty years; however, the rate of increase in the use of mechanised equipment during that period has been far from uniform. The introduction of milking machines at the turn of the century resulted in the first significant use of machinery in the dairy industry. Prior to 1900 the quantity and value of machinery on dairy farms was almost negligible, but by 1920 dairy machinery was valued at almost £1 million, the value having doubled between 1900 and 1910, while between 1910 and 1920 it almost doubled again. Nevertheless, during the twenties the use of machinery did not continue to expand at such a rapid rate as during the years prior to 1920, and with the onset of the depression of the early thirties there was a distinct falling off in new machinery purchases by dairy farmers. In some years of the early and mid-thirties the total value of machinery on dairy farms showed a fall, largely due, no doubt. to the fact that normal replacements were not being made owing to the depressed state of the industry. However, with the outbreak of World War II another period of rapid mechanised expansion began, and still continues. While milk and butter prices remain high and dairy farmers continue to enjoy the present relatively prosperous conditions it is likely that the use of machinery will continue to expand at a rapid rate. The two periods of rapidly increasing mechanisation differ, however, in at least one important respect. In the early part of the century the increased use of machinery was due primarily to the introduction of the milking machine. The present period of expansion is due in part to a further significant increase in the use of milking machines, and again this is the main factor, but also to a significant, and economically important, increase in the use of tractors by coastal dairy farmers. Prior to World War II the ownership of a tractor by the dairy farmer was rare; to-day it has become relatively common.
Helical Magnetic Fields from Sphaleron Decay and Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Copi, Craig J.
name: Ferrer, Francesc
name: Vachaspati, Tanmay
name: Achucarro, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many models of baryogenesis rely on anomalous particle physics processes to give baryon number violation. By numerically evolving the electroweak equations on a lattice, we show that baryogenesis in these models creates helical cosmic magnetic fields. After a transitory period, electroweak dynamics is found to conserve the Chern-Simons number and the total electromagnetic helicity. We argue that baryogenesis could lead to magnetic fields of nano-Gauss strength today on astrophysical length scales. In addition to being astrophysically relevant, such helical magnetic fields can provide an independent probe of baryogenesis and CP violation in particle physics.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Added references, fixed typos
Chaos and Complexity from Quantum Neural Network: A study with Diffusion Metric in Machine Learning
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sayantan
name: Dutta, Ankan
name: Ray, Debisree
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, our prime objective is to study the phenomena of quantum chaos and complexity in the machine learning dynamics of Quantum Neural Network (QNN). A Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) in the hybrid quantum-classical framework is introduced as a universal function approximator to perform optimization with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). We employ a statistical and differential geometric approach to study the learning theory of QNN. The evolution of parametrized unitary operators is correlated with the trajectory of parameters in the Diffusion metric. We establish the parametrized version of Quantum Complexity and Quantum Chaos in terms of physically relevant quantities, which are not only essential in determining the stability, but also essential in providing a very significant lower bound to the generalization capability of QNN. We explicitly prove that when the system executes limit cycles or oscillations in the phase space, the generalization capability of QNN is maximized. Finally, we have determined the generalization capability bound on the variance of parameters of the QNN in a steady state condition using Cauchy Schwartz Inequality.
description: 42 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, , This project is the part of the non-profit virtual international research consortium "Quantum Aspects of Space-Time and Matter (QASTM)". Revised version accepted for publication in Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP)
Two Dimensional Electron and Hole Gases at the Surface of Graphite
Creators: name: Morozov, S. V.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Jiang, D.
name: Firsov, A. A.
name: Dubonos, S. V.
name: Geim, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report high-quality two-dimensional (2D) electron and hole gases induced at the surface of graphite by the electric field effect. The 2D carriers reside within a few near-surface atomic layers and exhibit mobilities up to 15,000 and 60,000 cm2/Vs at room and liquid-helium temperatures, respectively. The mobilities imply ballistic transport at micron scale. Pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveal the existence of two types of carries in both 2D electron and hole gases.
description: related to cond-mat/0410631 where preliminary data for this experimental system were reported
Stretching of polymers around the Kolmogorov scale in a turbulent shear flow
Creators: name: Davoudi, Jahanshah
name: Schumacher, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical studies of stretching of Hookean dumbbells in a turbulent Navier-Stokes flow with a linear mean profile, =Sy. In addition to the turbulence features beyond the viscous Kolmogorov scale η, the dynamics at the equilibrium extension of the dumbbells significantly below eta is well resolved. The variation of the constant shear rate S causes a change of the turbulent velocity fluctuations on all scales and thus of the intensity of local stretching rate of the advecting flow. The latter is measured by the maximum Lyapunov exponent lambda_1 which is found to increase as λ_1 ~ S^{3/2}, in agreement with a dimensional argument. The ensemble of up to 2 times 10^6 passively advected dumbbells is advanced by Brownian dynamics simulations in combination with a pseudospectral integration for the turbulent shear flow. Anisotropy of stretching is quantified by the statistics of the azimuthal angle $ϕ$ which measures the alignment with the mean flow axis in the x-y shear plane, and the polar angle theta which determines the orientation with respect to the shear plane. The asymmetry of the probability density function (PDF) of phi increases with growing shear rate S. Furthermore, the PDF becomes increasingly peaked around mean flow direction (phi= 0). In contrast, the PDF of the polar angle theta is symmetric and less sensitive to changes of S.
description: 16 pages, 14 Postscript figures (2 with reduced quality)
title: Effekte der Photovoicetechnik auf den Emotionsbericht – Eine experimentelle Studie mit Tinnitus- und Spannungskopfschmerzbetroffenen
title: Effects of the photovoice technique on the emotion report - An experimental study with tinnitus and tension headache sufferers
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Kunze, Lilly Anja
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: partizipative Forschungsmethoden
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Psychologie
subject: Emotionsbericht
subject: LIWC
subject: emotion report
subject: Spannungskopfschmerz
subject: Tinnitus
subject: Photovoiche method
subject: Photovoicemethode
subject: tension headache
subject: Photovoice
subject: visuelle Forschungsmethoden
subject: computergestützte Textanalyse
subject: tinnitus

description: In dieser randomisiert kontrolliert durchgeführten Studie wurden drei Gruppen (N = 168) untersucht. Photovoice ist eine partizipative Fotobefragungs-Methode nach Wang und Burris (1997). Der Methode werden positive Effekte auf das menschliche Erleben und Verhalten, wie eine Erhöhung der Selbstoffenbarung und Verbesserung des Emotionsberichts, zugeschrieben (Brunsden & Goatcher, 2007; Özbay & Esen, 2023). 
Zu zwei Messzeitpunkten wurden interessierende Konstrukte mittels Online-Fragebögen erhoben, um die Effekte der Photovoice Methode zu untersuchen. Zur Berechnung der Ergebnisse wurden die Daten mithilfe einfacher linearer Regressionen und einfaktoriellen Varianzanalysen ohne Messwiederholung analysiert. Zusätzlich wurde eine qualitative computergestützte Textanalyse mittels LIWC-22 durchgeführt. 
Entgegen der aufgestellten Hypothesen zeigte sich in der PVG keine höhere Selbstoffenbarung als in den anderen beiden Gruppen. Ebenso konnte keine höhere Zufriedenheit mit der Methode Photovoice bei Personen mit höheren Extraversions- oder Offenheitswerten nachgewiesen werden. Dennoch wurde ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Erforschung dieser vielversprechenden Methode geleistet.
Network Synchronization, Diffusion, and the Paradox of Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Motter, Adilson E.
name: Zhou, Changsong
name: Kurths, Juergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many complex networks display strong heterogeneity in the degree (connectivity) distribution. Heterogeneity in the degree distribution often reduces the average distance between nodes but, paradoxically, may suppress synchronization in networks of oscillators coupled symmetrically with uniform coupling strength. Here we offer a solution to this apparent paradox. Our analysis is partially based on the identification of a diffusive process underlying the communication between oscillators and reveals a striking relation between this process and the condition for the linear stability of the synchronized states. We show that, for a given degree distribution, the maximum synchronizability is achieved when the network of couplings is weighted and directed, and the overall cost involved in the couplings is minimum. This enhanced synchronizability is solely determined by the mean degree and does not depend on the degree distribution and system size. Numerical verification of the main results is provided for representative classes of small-world and scale-free networks.
description: Synchronization in Weighted Networks
Quantized surface magnetism and higher-order topology: Application to the Hopf insulator
Creators: name: Zhu, Penghao
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
name: Alexandradinata, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify topological aspects of the subextensive magnetic moment contributed by the surfaces of a three-dimensional crystallite -- assumed to be insulating in the bulk as well as on all surface facets, with trivial Chern invariants in the bulk. The geometric component of this subextensive moment is given by its derivative with respect to the chemical potential, at zero temperature and zero field, per unit surface area, and hence corresponds to the surface magnetic compressibility. The sum of the surface compressibilities contributed by two opposite facets of a cube-shaped crystallite is quantized to an integer multiple of the fundamental constant $e/h c$; this integer is in one-to-one correspondence with the net chirality of hinge modes on the surface of the crystallite, manifesting a link with higher-order topology. The contribution by a single facet to the magnetic compressibility need not be quantized to integers; however, symmetry and/or Hilbert-space constraints can fix the single-facet compressibility to half-integer multiples of $e/hc$, as will be exemplified by the Hopf insulator.
description: 11+5 pages, 7 figures
Detecting violations of macrorealism when the original Leggett-Garg inequalities are satisfied
Creators: name: Majidy, Shayan
name: Halliwell, Jonathan J.
name: Laflamme, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macroscopic realism (MR) is the notion that a time-evolving system possesses definite properties, irrespective of past or future measurements. Quantum mechanical theories can, however, produce violations of MR. Most research to date has focused on a single set of conditions for MR, the Leggett-Garg inequalities (LGIs), and on a single data set, the "standard data set", which consists of single-time averages and second-order correlators of a dichotomic variable Q for three times. However, if such conditions are all satisfied, then where is the quantum behaviour? In this paper, we provide an answer to this question by considering expanded data sets obtained from finer-grained measurements and MR conditions on those sets. We consider three different situations in which there are violations of MR that go undetected by the standard LGIs. First, we explore higher-order LGIs on a data set involving third- and fourth-order correlators, using a spin-1/2 and spin-1 system. Second, we explore the pentagon inequalities (PIs) and a data set consisting of all possible averages and second-order correlators for measurements of Q at five times. Third, we explore the LGIs for a trichotomic variable and measurements made with a trichotomic operator to, again, identify violations for a spin-1 system beyond those seen with a single dichotomic variable. We also explore the regimes in which combinations of two and three-time LGIs can be satisfied and violated in a spin-1 system, extending recent work. We discuss the possible experimental implementation of all the above results.
Beamline Spectroscopy of Integrated Circuits With Hard X-ray Transition Edge Sensors at the Advanced Photon Source
Creators: name: Guruswamy, T.
name: Gades, L.
name: Miceli, A.
name: Patel, U.
name: Quaranta, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At Argonne National Laboratory, we are developing hard X-ray (2 to 20 keV) Transition Edge Sensor (TES) arrays for beamline science. The significantly improved energy resolution provided by superconducting detectors compared to semiconductor-based energy-dispersive detectors, but with better collection efficiency than wavelength-dispersive instruments, will enable greatly improved X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopic measurements. A prototype instrument with 24 microwave-frequency multiplexed pixels is now in testing at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) 1-BM beamline. Initial measurements show an energy resolution ten times better (150 eV compared to < 15 eV) than the silicon-drift detectors currently available to APS beamline users, and in particular demonstrate the ability to resolve closely-spaced emission lines in samples containing multiple transition metal elements, such as integrated circuits. Comparing fluorescence spectra of integrated circuits measured with our TESs at the beamline to those measured with silicon detectors, we find emission lines and elements largely hidden (e.g. Hf alongside Cu) from a semiconductor-based detector but well resolved by a TES. This directly shows the strengths of TES-based instruments in fluorescence mapping.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the 2020 Applied Superconductivity Conference, 24 Oct - 7 Nov 2020
Duality extended Chaplygin cosmologies with a big rip
Creators: name: Chimento, Luis P.
name: Lazkoz, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider modifications to the Friedmann equation motivated by recent proposals along these lines pursuing an explanation to the observed late time acceleration. Here we show those modifications can be framed within a theory with self-interacting gravity, where the term self-interaction refers here to the presence of functions of $ρ$ and $p$ in the right hand side of the Einstein equations. We then discuss the construction of the duals of the cosmologies generated within that framework. After that we investigate the modifications required to generate generalized and modified Chaplygin cosmologies and show that their duals belong to a larger family of cosmologies we call extended Chaplygin cosmologies. Finally, by letting the parameters of those models take values not earlier considered in the literature we show some representatives of that family of cosmologies display sudden future singularities, which indicates their behavior is rather different from generalized or modified Chaplygin gas cosmologies. This reinforces the idea that modifications of gravity can be responsible for unexpected evolutionary features in the universe.
description: 5 pages, revtex4
Asymptotically Optimal Sampling-Based Motion Planning Methods
Creators: name: Gammell, Jonathan D.
name: Strub, Marlin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motion planning is a fundamental problem in autonomous robotics that requires finding a path to a specified goal that avoids obstacles and takes into account a robot's limitations and constraints. It is often desirable for this path to also optimize a cost function, such as path length. Formal path-quality guarantees for continuously valued search spaces are an active area of research interest. Recent results have proven that some sampling-based planning methods probabilistically converge toward the optimal solution as computational effort approaches infinity. This survey summarizes the assumptions behind these popular asymptotically optimal techniques and provides an introduction to the significant ongoing research on this topic.
description: Posted with permission from the Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, Volume 4. Copyright 2021 by Annual Reviews, https://www.annualreviews.org/. 25 pages. 2 figures
Magnetic Cloud and Sheath in the Ground-Level Enhancement Event of 2000 July 14. II. Effects on the Forbush Decrease
Creators: name: Qin, G.
name: Wu, S. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forbush decreases (Fds) in galactic cosmic ray intensity are related to interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). The parallel diffusion of particles is reduced because the magnetic turbulence level in sheath region bounded by ICME's leading edge and shock is high. Besides, in sheath and magnetic cloud (MC) energetic particles would feel enhanced magnetic focusing effect caused by the strong inhomogeneity of the background magnetic field. Therefore, particles would be partially blocked in sheath-MC structure. Here, we study two-step Fds by considering the magnetic turbulence and background magnetic field in sheath-MC structure with diffusion coefficients calculated with theoretical models, to reproduce the Fd associated with the ground-level enhancement event on 2000 July 14 by solving the focused transport equation. The sheath and MC are set to spherical caps that are portions of spherical shells with enhanced background magnetic field. Besides, the magnetic turbulence levels in sheath and MC are set to higher and lower than that in ambient solar wind, respectively. In general, the simulation result conforms to the main characteristics of the Fd observation, such as the pre-increase precursor, amplitude, total recovery time, and the two-step decrease of the flux at the arrival of sheath and MC. It is suggested that sheath played an important role in the amplitude of Fd while MC contributed to the formation of the second step decrease and prolonged the recovery time. It is also inferred that both magnetic turbulence and background magnetic field in sheath-MC structure are important for reproducing the observed two-step Fd.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Morphology of the galaxy distribution from wavelet denoising
Creators: name: Martinez, V. J.
name: Starck, J. -L.
name: Saar, E.
name: Donoho, D. L.
name: Reynolds, S.
name: de la Cruz, P.
name: Paredes, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a method based on wavelets to obtain the true underlying smooth density from a point distribution. The goal has been to reconstruct the density field in an optimal way ensuring that the morphology of the reconstructed field reflects the true underlying morphology of the point field which, as the galaxy distribution, has a genuinely multiscale structure, with near-singular behavior on sheets, filaments and hotspots. If the discrete distributions are smoothed using Gaussian filters, the morphological properties tend to be closer to those expected for a Gaussian field. The use of wavelet denoising provide us with a unique and more accurate morphological description.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Effects of Intrinsic Spin-Relaxation in Molecular Magnets on Current-Induced Magnetic Switching
Creators: name: Misiorny, Maciej
name: Barnaś, Józef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current-induced magnetic switching of a single magnetic molecule attached to two ferromagnetic contacts is considered theoretically, with the main emphasis put on the role of intrinsic spin relaxation processes. It is shown that spin-polarized current can switch magnetic moment of the molecule, despite of the intrinsic spin relaxation in the molecule. The latter processes increase the threshold voltage (current) above which the switching takes place.
description: 4 pages, 4 EPS figures
PRODUCTION OF NEW STRUCTURAL FIBERS USING THE CAPABILITIES OF A HYDRAULIC LOOM, ANALYSIS OF ITS PROPERTIES.
Creators: name: Erkinov T.M.
name: Siddiqov P.S.
name: Yusupova, N.B.
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2021
Subjects: Central Asia
sole enterprise
light industry
linear density
textile base

description: The article сconsiders questions of the fabrication and analysis physic-mechanical characteristic of the new structures fabrics and recommendations use them for bed linen, quilts also fabrics of the special purpose.
Observing and modeling the sequential pairwise reactions that drive solid-state ceramic synthesis
Creators: name: Miura, Akira
name: Bartel, Christopher J.
name: Goto, Yusuke
name: Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu
name: Moriyoshi, Chikako
name: Kuroiwa, Yoshihiro
name: Wang, Yongming
name: Yaguchi, Toshie
name: Shirai, Manabu
name: Nagao, Masanori
name: Rosero-Navarro, Nataly Carolina
name: Tadanaga, Kiyoharu
name: Ceder, Gerbrand
name: Sun, Wenhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state synthesis from powder precursors is the primary processing route to advanced multicomponent ceramic materials. Designing ceramic synthesis routes is usually a laborious, trial-and-error process, as heterogeneous mixtures of powder precursors often evolve through a complicated series of reaction intermediates. Here, we show that phase evolution from multiple precursors can be modeled as a sequence of pairwise interfacial reactions, with thermodynamic driving forces that can be efficiently calculated using ab initio methods. Using the synthesis of the classic high-temperature superconductor YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ (YBCO) as a representative system, we rationalize how replacing the common BaCO$_3$ precursor with BaO$_2$ redirects phase evolution through a kinetically-facile pathway. Our model is validated from in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ microscopy observations, which show rapid YBCO formation from BaO$_2$ in only 30 minutes. By combining thermodynamic modeling with in situ characterization, we introduce a new computable framework to interpret and ultimately design synthesis pathways to complex ceramic materials.
Evaluation representations of quantum affine algebras at roots of unity
Creators: name: Abe, Yuuki
name: Nakashima, Toshiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this paper is to compute the Drinfel'd polynomials for two types of evaluation representations of quantum affine algebras at roots of unity and construct those representations as the submodules of evaluation Schnizer modules. Moreover, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for that the two types of evaluation representations are isomorphic to each other.
Using Gravitational Wave Parallax to Measure the Hubble Parameter with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Creators: name: D'Orazio, Daniel J.
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can, in principle, yield a purely gravitational wave (GW) measurement of the luminosity distance and comoving distance to a supermassive black hole binary source, hence providing an estimate of the source redshift and the Hubble constant. The luminosity distance is derived through standard measurement of the chirp mass, which for the slowly evolving binary sources in the PTA band can be found by comparing the frequency of GW-timing residuals at the Earth compared to those at distant pulsars in the array. The comoving distance can be measured from GW-timing parallax caused by the curvature of the GW wavefronts. This can be detected for single sources at the high-frequency end of the PTA band out to Gpc distances with a future PTA containing well-timed pulsars out to $\mathcal{O}(10)$ kpc, when the pulsar distance is constrained to less than a GW wavelength. Such a future PTA, with $\gtrsim 30$ pulsars with precise distance measurements between 1 and 20~kpc, could measure the Hubble constant at the tens of percent level for a single source at $0.1 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.5$. At $z \lesssim 0.1$, the luminosity and comoving distances are too similar to disentangle, unless the fractional error in the luminosity distance measurement is decreased below 10%. At $z\gtrsim 1.5$, this measurement will likely be restricted by a signal-to-noise ratio threshold. Generally, clarification of the different types of cosmological distances that can be probed by PTAs, and their relation to pulsar distance measurements is important for ongoing PTA experiments aimed at detecting and characterizing GWs.
description: Submitted to Physical Review D. Comments welcome
Hadronic Uncertainties in the Elastic Scattering of Supersymmetric Dark Matter
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Olive, Keith A.
name: Savage, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the uncertainties in the spin-independent and -dependent elastic scattering cross sections of supersymmetric dark matter particles on protons and neutrons. We propagate the uncertainties in quark masses and hadronic matrix elements that are related to the $π$-nucleon $σ$ term and the spin content of the nucleon. By far the largest single uncertainty is that in spin-independent scattering induced by our ignorance of the $$ matrix elements linked to the $π$-nucleon $σ$ term, which affects the ratio of cross sections on proton and neutron targets as well as their absolute values. This uncertainty is already impacting the interpretations of experimental searches for cold dark matter. {\it We plead for an experimental campaign to determine better the $π$-nucleon $σ$ term.} Uncertainties in the spin content of the proton affect significantly, but less strongly, the calculation of rates used in indirect searches.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures. v2: added references. To appear in PRD
DYNAMAP: Dynamic Algorithm Mapping Framework for Low Latency CNN Inference
Creators: name: Meng, Yuan
name: Kuppannagari, Sanmukh
name: Kannan, Rajgopal
name: Prasanna, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most of the existing work on FPGA acceleration of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) focus on employing a single strategy (algorithm, dataflow, etc.) across all the layers. Such an approach does not achieve optimal latency on complex and deep CNNs. Emerging CNNs have diverse per-layer computation characteristics including parallelism, arithmetic intensity, locality, and memory footprint. Per-layer strategy selection and fine-grained tuning are required to achieve low end-to-end latency. However, specialized hardware modules dedicated to each layer limit the per-layer utilization and adversely affect end-to-end latency. In this paper, we address these problems by an algorithm-architecture co-optimization framework, DYNAMAP, consisting of (1) a unified hardware overlay that can be reused across layers, supporting dynamic mapping of all three families of popular convolution algorithms, and further allowing flexible dataflow switching to maximize hardware utilization for each layer; (2) a novel software Design Space Exploration (DSE) flow that customizes the hardware overlay and chooses optimal strategy mapping. We show that the algorithm mapping space increases exponentially with network depth, and while the optimal algorithm selection problem is NP-hard in general, by exploiting the series-parallel structure of CNN models, we demonstrate a polynomial-time solution for optimal algorithm mapping. DYNAMAP is optimized for any CNN, including those having diverse computation and memory requirements across the layers. We demonstrate DYNAMAP using two state-of-the-art CNNs - GoogleNet and Inception-V4. The generated accelerators achieve up to $2.8\times$ and $1.4\times$ speedups, respectively, wrt inference latency compared with the state-of-the-art FPGA implementations.
description: Published in ACM/SIGDA FPGA '21
title: Research approach
Creators: name: Balz, Verena
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: The main methodology used to answer the above-listed research questions was that of an exploratory case-study research (Figure 2.1). In this methodology the formation of hypotheses and empirical analysis inform each other during iterative steps: an initial proposition was formulated and tested through case-study analysis; results led to an adaptation of the proposition, which was tested in the next casestudy round. It is important to note that exploratory case-study research does not fully verify a hypotheses, but seeks to stabilize them and in this way give direction to further research (Yin, 2013, Yin, 2012). Below, the use of the methodology for this thesis is explained.


Besides using empirical case-study research for the strengthening of propositions, the dissertation also draws on theoretical notions from the fields of design and planning, as explained in the previous chapter. Its engagement with theories from different disciplines required a comparison of concepts and categories presented in fields and sub-fields. Criteria to qualify such theory formation in the social sciences is discussed below, under the heading ‘theory formation’.


It is important to note that this chapter adds to the more detailed descriptions of methods in Chapters 4 to 7 and Chapter 8: Conclusions contains critical remarks on the methodologies which have been applied.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No 6 (2019): Regional Design | Discretionary Approaches to Planning in the Netherlands
The near-infrared size-luminosity relations for Herbig Ae/Be disks
Creators: name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Millan-Gabet, R.
name: Billmeier, R.
name: Akeson, R.
name: Wallace, D.
name: Berger, J. -P.
name: Calvet, N.
name: D'Alessio, P.
name: Danchi, W.
name: Hartmann, L.
name: Hillenbrand, L.
name: Kuchner, M.
name: Rajagopal, J.
name: Traub, W.
name: Tuthill, P.
name: Boden, A.
name: Booth, A.
name: Colavita, M.
name: Gathright, J.
name: Hrynevych, M.
name: Mignant, D. Le
name: Ligon, R.
name: Neyman, C.
name: Swain, M.
name: Thompson, R.
name: Vasisht, G.
name: Wizinowich, P.
name: Beichman, C.
name: Beletic, J.
name: Creech-Eakman, M.
name: Koresko, C.
name: Sargent, A.
name: Shao, M.
name: van Belle, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a sensitive K-band survey of Herbig Ae/Be disk sizes using the 85-m baseline Keck Interferometer. Targets were chosen to span the maximum range of stellar properties to probe the disk size dependence on luminosity and effective temperature. For most targets, the measured near-infrared sizes (ranging from 0.2 to 4 AU) support a simple disk model possessing a central optically-thin (dust-free) cavity, ringed by hot dust emitting at the expected sublimation temperatures (T_sub~1000-1500K). Furthermore, we find a tight correlation of disk size with source luminosity R propto L^(1/2) for Ae and late Be systems (valid over more than 2 decades in luminosity), confirming earlier suggestions based on lower-quality data. Interestingly, the inferred dust-free inner cavities of the highest luminosity sources (Herbig B0-B3 stars) are under-sized compared to predictions of the optically-thin cavity model, likely due to optically-thick gas within the inner AU.
description: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal; 24 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Universality class of the critical point in the restricted primitive model of ionic systems
Creators: name: Ciach, Alina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A coarse-grained description of the restricted primitive model is considered in terms of the local charge- and number-density fields. Exact reduction to a one-field theory is derived, and exact expressions for the number-density correlation functions in terms of higher-order correlation functions for the charge-density are given. It is shown that in continuum space the singularity of the charge-density correlation function associated with short-wavelength charge-ordering disappears when charge-density fluctuations are included by following the Brazovskii approach. The related singularity of the individual Feynman diagrams contributing to the number-density correlation functions is cured when all the diagrams are segregated ito disjoint sets according to their topological structure. By performing a resummation of all diagrams belonging to each set a regular expression represented by a secondary diagram is obtained. The secondary diagrams are again segregated into disjoint sets, and the series of all the secondary diagrams belonging to a given set is represented by a hyperdiagram. A one-to-one correspondence between the hyperdiagrams contributing to the number-density vertex functions, and diagrams contributing to the order-parameter vertex functions in a certain model system belonging to the Ising universality class is demonstrated. Corrections to scaling associated with irrelevant operators that are present in the model-system Hamiltonian, and other corrections specific to the RPM are also discussed.
Averaging Principles for Markovian Models of Plasticity
Creators: name: Robert, Philippe
name: Vignoud, Gaetan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mathematical models of biological neural networks are associated to a rich and complex class of stochastic processes. In this paper, we consider a simple {\em plastic} neural network whose {\em connectivity/synaptic strength} $(W(t))$ depends on a set of activity-dependent processes to model {\em synaptic plasticity}, a well-studied mechanism from neuroscience. A general class of stochastic models has been introduced in \cite{robert_mathematical_2020} to study the stochastic process $(W(t))$. It has been observed experimentally that its dynamics occur on much slower timescale than that of the main cellular processes. The purpose of this paper is to establish limit theorems for the distribution of $(W(t))$ with respect to the fast timescale of neuronal processes. The central result of the paper is an averaging principle for the stochastic process $(W(t))$. Mathematically, the key variable is the point process whose jumps occur at the instants of neuronal spikes. A thorough analysis of several of its unbounded additive functionals is achieved in the slow-fast limit. Additionally, technical results on interacting shot-noise processes are developed and used in the general proof of the averaging principle.
Repression, rebellion, death, and desire : the political and Freudian dialectic in Federico Garcia Lorca’s The House of Bernarda Alba
Creators: name: Bergen, Beata
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Federico Garcia Lorca's The House of Bernarda Alba finds the point of contact between Freud's theory and contemporary politics. The main dramatic conflict is between a tyrannical mother, Bernarda, who represses the instincts of her daughters and Adela who rebels against Bernarda in order to assert her passion. Bernarda's tyranny corresponds to the Freudian concept of civilization which has gone wrong and to Franco's regime in Spain. Part of Bernarda's political agenda is to keep the inhabitants of the house in enmity by fomenting discord and hatred within the group. All the sisters love Pepe, see each other as rivals, and become each other's oppressors. They are psychologically deformed by the system. Adela embodies Freudian Eros and rebels against Bernarda in the name of freedom, including sexual freedom, for which the Republic fought against Franco. In Freudian theory, apart from the struggle between civilization and an individual, there is another battle between the instinct of life, Eros, and the instinct of death, Thanatos. Thanatos is present in Adela; she commits suicide in the end. I have analyzed this play as a psycho/political drama to make a statement about tragic inevitability vs. the possibility of change. The problem arises whether The House of Bernarda Alba is a play about a rebellion that fails because humankind is trapped in an unresolvable contradiction - or can there be a return to happiness once fascism is overthrown? I used Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents. Lorca's writing and secondary sources written on Lorca and The House of Bernarda Alba to investigate this problem. My conclusion is that Bernarda's tyranny, like Franco's regime, is not invincible and could be defeated if the inhabitants of the house united in a common fight against it. A single individual cannot defeat the regime. However, even if fascism were overthrown, according to Freud, the return to happiness would still be impossible because every form of civilization produces unhappiness. Therefore, even if there is a way out of the political dilemma, there is no escape out of the Freudian dilemma because of the irreconcilable battle between civilization and an individual and even more so between Eros and Thanatos.