cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Classical analogue of the Unruh effect
Creators: name: Leonhardt, Ulf
name: Griniasty, Itay
name: Wildeman, Sander
name: Fort, Emmanuel
name: Fink, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Unruh effect an observer with constant acceleration perceives the quantum vacuum as thermal radiation. The Unruh effect has been believed to be a pure quantum phenomenon, but here we show theoretically how the effect arises from the classical correlation of noise. We demonstrate this idea with a simple experiment on water waves where we see the first indications of a Planck spectrum in the correlation energy.
Quark-hadron phase transition with surface fluctuation
Creators: name: Cao, Zhen
name: Hwa, Rudolph C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of surface fluctuation on the observables of quark-hadron phase transition is studied. The Ginzburg-Landau formalism is extended by the inclusion of an extra term in the free energy that depends on the vertical displacements from a flat surface. The probability that a bin has a particular net displacement is determined by lattice simulation, where the physics input is color confinement. The surface fluctuation from bin to bin is related to multiplicity fluctuation, which in turn is measured by the factorial moments. It is found that both the F-scaling behavior and the scaling exponent are essentially unaffected by the inclusion of surface fluctuation.
description: 9 pages, LaTex, 7 figures in a single postscript file, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
A Novel Labeled Human Voice Signal Dataset for Misbehavior Detection
Creators: name: Raza, Ali
name: Younas, Faizan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Voice signal classification based on human behaviours involves analyzing various aspects of speech patterns and delivery styles. In this study, a real-time dataset collection is performed where participants are instructed to speak twelve psychology questions in two distinct manners: first, in a harsh voice, which is categorized as "misbehaved"; and second, in a polite manner, categorized as "normal". These classifications are crucial in understanding how different vocal behaviours affect the interpretation and classification of voice signals. This research highlights the significance of voice tone and delivery in automated machine-learning systems for voice analysis and recognition. This research contributes to the broader field of voice signal analysis by elucidating the impact of human behaviour on the perception and categorization of voice signals, thereby enhancing the development of more accurate and context-aware voice recognition technologies.
Superfield Approach to Symmetries for Matter Fields in Abelian Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The derivation of the nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetries for the matter fields, present in any arbitrary interacting gauge theory, has been an long-standing problem in the framework of superfield approach to BRST formalism. These nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetries for the Dirac fields are derived in the superfield formulation for the interacting Abelian gauge theory in four $(3 + 1)$-dimensions (4D) of spacetime. The same type of symmetries are deduced for the 4D complex scalar fields having a gauge invariant interaction with the U(1) gauge field. The above interacting theories are considered on the six $(4 + 2)$-dimensional supermanifold parametrized by four {\it even} spacetime coordinates and a couple of {\it odd} elements of the Grassmann algebra. The invariance of the conserved matter (super)currents and the horizontality condition on the (super)manifolds play very important roles in the above derivations. The geometrical origin and interpretation for all the above off-shell nilpotent symmetries are provided in the framework of superfield formalism.
description: LaTeX file, 17 pages, journal-ref. given
A regularized equation for anisotropic motion-by-curvature
Creators: name: Carlo, Antonio Di
name: Gurtin, Morton E.
name: Podio-Guidugli, Paolo
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Abstract: "For realistic interfacial energies the equations of anisotropic motion-by-curvature exhibit backward-parabolic behavior over portions of their domain, thereby inducing phenomena such as the formation of facets and wrinkles. In this paper we derive a physically consistent regularized equation that may be used to analyze such phenomena."
Gamergate, gender, and the virtual public sphere : exploring the online experience of female gamers
Creators: name: Figueroa, Ever Josue
name: 0000-0002-6202-0467
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2016
Subjects: Double bind
Fan studies
Feminism
Focus groups
Gaming
Gamers
Online harassment
Social media
Twitter
Public sphere
Virtual public sphere
Video games

description: The Gamergate episodes on Twitter in 2014 revealed the challenges that women face when engaging in public discourse in the video game community. Women are harassed and attacked for expressing personal views that challenge patriarchy within the context of these virtual social groups. The backlash that women receive when speaking online raises an important questions that academic scholarship needs to address. What do women experience when participating in predominantly masculine communities, and how does this help us understand patriarchy in the public the sphere? This study used a critical cultural approach to textual analysis and focus group research as a methodology for researching female gaming experience. A discourse analysis of tweets on Twitter during two key moments of the Gamergate episodes was conducted. The findings from the discourse analysis were used to inform a series of questions for focus group research with female gamers. The findings of these two studies show that discourse on Twitter reflects and reproduces patriarchy, and this sexist online discourse has an impact on female gamer's experience with online engagement. The findings show that women who join virtual networks must overcome barriers to discourse that are placed on them by men. Women who do participate in public discourse within these communities tend to fragment their femininity by emphasize stereotypically masculine. The findings suggest that patriarchy positions women as outsiders to the video game community, and that female participation in this community is seen as an invasion of a private sphere. In order for online forums to be a true platform for public discourse, women have to be allowed to join online conversations without sacrificing their femininity.
Quantum transport in cylindrical semiconductor nanowires with constrictions
Creators: name: Racec, Paul N.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum point contact
subject: cylindrical nanowire
subject: Schrödinger operator
subject: R-matrix formalism
subject: quasi-bound states
subject: evanescent channels
subject: 47A40
subject: 35Q40
subject: 35P25
subject: 62.23.Hj
subject: 73.63.-b
subject: 72.20.Dp

description: The energy dependence of the tunneling coefficient for a cylindrical semiconductor nanowire, i.e. a one-dimensional electron gas, with one or two constrictions is studied. Using the R-matrix formalism the localization probabilities at the resonant energies can be computed. They give decisive information about the physical meaning of the resonant peaks and dips that appear. The nanowire with two constrictions yields a well-defined system for the experimental evidence of the quasi-bound states of the evanescent channels. Clearly marked dips due to them should appear in the linear conductance at low temperatures.
From rough path estimates to multilevel Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Bayer, Christian
name: Friz, Peter
name: Riedel, Sebastian
name: Schoenmakers, John G. M.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Rough paths
subject: Fractional Brownian motion
subject: Euler scheme
subject: Multilevel Monte Carlo
subject: 60H35
subject: 65C05
subject: 65C30

description: Discrete approximations to solutions of stochastic differential equations are well-known to converge with strong rate 1/2. Such rates have played a key-role in Giles' multilevel Monte Carlo method [Giles, Oper. Res. 2008] which gives a substantial reduction of the computational effort necessary for the evaluation of diffusion functionals. In the present article similar results are established for large classes of rough differential equations driven by Gaussian processes (including fractional Brownian motion with H>1/4 as special case).
Quantum phase properties of a state driven by a classical field
Creators: name: Kumar, Naveen
name: Chatterjee, Arpita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a nonclassical state generated by an atom-cavity field interaction in presence of a driven field. In the scheme, the two-level atom is moved through the cavity and driven by a classical field. The atom interacts dispersively with the cavity field, which results in a photon-number-dependent Stark shift. Assuming that the atom enters the cavity in the excited state $|{a}\rangle$, the obtained output cavity field is taken into account. The state vector $|ψ(t)\rangle$ describes the entire atom-field system but in our work we deal with the statistical aspects of the cavity field only. The quantum state that corresponds to the output cavity field is obtained by tracing out the atom part from $|{ψ(t)}\rangle\langle{ψ(t)}|$. Different quantum phase properties such as quantum phase distribution, angular $Q$ phase function, phase dispersion are evaluated for the obtained radiation field. The second-order correlation function $g^2(0)$, an indirect phase characteristic is also considered.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Analysis of proton-induced fragment production cross sections by the Quantum Molecular Dynamics plus Statistical Decay Model
Creators: name: Chiba, Satoshi
name: Iwamoto, Osamu
name: Fukahori, Tokio
name: Niita, Koji
name: Maruyama, Toshiki
name: Maruyama, Tomoyuki
name: Iwamoto, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production cross sections of various fragments from proton-induced reactions on $^{56}$Fe and $^{27}$Al have been analyzed by the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) plus Statistical Decay Model (SDM). It was found that the mass and charge distributions calculated with and without the statistical decay have very different shapes. These results also depend strongly on the impact parameter, showing an importance of the dynamical treatment as realized by the QMD approach. The calculated results were compared with experimental data in the energy region from 50 MeV to 5 GeV. The QMD+SDM calculation could reproduce the production cross sections of the light clusters and intermediate-mass to heavy fragments in a good accuracy. The production cross section of $^{7}$Be was, however, underpredicted by approximately 2 orders of magnitude, showing the necessity of another reaction mechanism not taken into account in the present model.
description: 12 pages, Latex is used, 6 Postscript figures are available by request from chiba@hadron04.tokai.jaeri.go.jp
The total mass of super-Brownian motion upon exiting balls and Sheu's compact support condition
Creators: name: Hesse, Marion
name: Kyprianou, Andreas
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: super-Brownian motion
subject: exit measures
subject: time-dependent continuous state branching processes
subject: compact support condition
subject: 60J68
subject: 60J80

description: We study the total mass of a d-dimensional super-Brownian motion as it first exits an increasing sequence of balls. The total mass process is a time-inhomogeneous continuous-state branching process, where the increasing radii of the balls are taken as the time-parameter. We characterise its time-dependent branching mechanism and show that it converges, as time goes to infinity, towards the branching mechanism of the total mass of a one-dimensional super-Brownian motion as it first crosses above an increasing sequence of levels. Our results identify the compact support criterion in Sheu (1994) as Grey's condition (1974) for the aforementioned limiting branching mechanism.
title: ADCO, Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491) (11 H 1179), f. 00240
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179), f. 00240, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Structural diagenesis and spatial arrangement of fractures in carbonate rocks
Creators: name: Corrêa, Rodrigo Dos Santos Maia
name: 0000-0002-6876-3499
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fractures
Carbonate rocks
Diagenesis

description: Fractures are among the most intriguing features of geology. They are commonly associated with important activities in contemporaneous society, including essential energy and infrastructure development projects. However, the distribution and formation of fracture networks is still an important subject of debate, since we still do not fully comprehend formation mechanisms that would allow us to accurately predict fracture patterns in the subsurface or, in some instances, we lack adequate descriptive tools for portraying them. This dissertation focuses on the issue of fracture description and predictability by creating new statistical methods to analyze fracture arrangement and by describing petrographical and geochemical characteristics of fracture cements, also known as structural diagenesis, which allow insights into timing and conditions of fracture formation. I show how my new algorithm can discriminate several fracture spatial arrangements in 2D. Using examples from carbonate rocks, I demonstrate how a range of structural and geochemical tools together help unravel the history of fractures in two key settings: adjacent to faults and in deep-seated settings beneath salt. The results advance how to characterize fracture patterns and our understanding of how fractures form.
First Structure Formation and the First Stars
Creators: name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Abel, Tom
name: Bryan, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the results of recent 3D simulations of first structure formation in relationship to the formation of the first stars. On the basis of a new, high-resolution AMR simulation (spatial dynamic range = 30,000,000), we conclude that the first stars are likely to be massive.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures (see http://logy.harvard.edu/tabel/Homepage/trans.html for color postscripts of Fig. 3.) to appear in "The First Stars", Eds. A. Weiss, T. Abel & V. Hill, Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop, Garching, Germany 4-6 August 1999, (Springer Verlag, Heidelberg)
The density of superconductivity in domains with corners
Creators: name: Helffer, Bernard
name: Kachmar, Ayman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the $L^2$-norm of the minimizer of the Ginzburg-Landau functional in a planar domain with a finite number of corners. Our computations are valid for a uniform applied magnetic field, large Ginzburg-Landau parameter and in the regime where superconductivity is confined near the corners of the domain.
Numerical modeling of viscoplastic mantle convection with damage rheology to investigate dynamics of plate tectonics
Creators: name: Heilman, Erin
name: 0000-0001-8215-1379
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mantle convection
Geodynamics
Plate tectonics
Numerical modeling

description: Mantle plumes are typically considered secondary features of mantle convection, yet their surface effects over Earth's evolution may have been significant. We use 2-D convection models to show that mantle plumes can in fact cause the termination of a subduction zone. This extreme case of plume-slab interaction is found when the slab is readily weakened, e.g. by damage-type rheology, and the subducting slab is young. We posit that this mechanism may be relevant particularly for the early Earth, and more generally, plume "talk back" to subduction zones may make plate tectonics more episodic in certain cases. When these models are carried out in a 3-D geometry, we see the same plume-slab terminations take place and can observe the effect of lateral extent on the dynamics. We examine the dynamics of these terminations through their geometry, frequency, and effect on the surface. By varying the proportion of internal heating, we show the effect of mantle temperature on the efficacy of plume-slab terminations and draw parallels to the evolution of the Earth's mantle temperature. A subdued version of these plume-slab interactions may remain relevant for past and modern subduction zones. Such core-mantle boundary – surface interactions may be behind some of the complexity of tomographically imaged mantle structure, e.g., for South America. Continuing the exploration of our damage rheology, we investigate spreading ridges, which are another feature integral to plate tectonics. We carry out 3-D internally heated mantle convection modeling to produce discrete spreading ridges and transform faults in a freely convecting model. The inclusion of damage in these models allows for transform faults to develop more easily than in previous modeling attempts. We vary the strength of the damage in its weakening and healing proportions to understand the effect on the dynamics and lifespan of the transform faults. These transform faults match well with observations from Earth, and as a result these models are a stepping stone to a new class of global mantle convection modeling.
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0620
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0620, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0620, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Controlled topological transitions in thin film phase separation
Creators: name: Hennessy, Mathew G.
name: Burlakov, Victor M.
name: Münch, Andreas
name: Wagner, Barbara
name: Goriely, Alain
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: phase separation and segregation in thin films
subject: metastable phases
subject: 76M45
subject: 76E17
subject: 35B40
subject: 35C20
subject: 64.60.an

description: In this paper the evolution of a binary mixture in a thin-film geometry with a wall at the top and bottom is considered. Bringing the mixture into its miscibility gap so that no spinodal decomposition occurs in the bulk, a slight energetic bias of the walls towards each one of the constituents ensures the nucleation of thin boundary layers that grow until the constituents have moved into one of the two layers. These layers are separated by an interfacial region, where the composition changes rapidly. Conditions that ensure the separation into two layers with a thin interfacial region are investigated based on a phase-field model and using matched asymptotic expansions a corresponding sharp-interface problem for the location of the interface is established. It is then argued that a thus created two-layer system is not at its energetic minimum but destabilizes into a controlled self-replicating pattern of trapezoidal vertical stripes by minimizing the interfacial energy between the phases while conserving their area. A quantitative analysis of this mechanism is carried out via a new thin-film model for the free interfaces, which is derived asymptotically from the sharp-interface model.
Influence of cannabis use on incidence of psychosis in people at clinical high risk
Creators: name: Chester, Lucy Ann
name: Valmaggia, Lucia
name: Kempton, Matthew
name: Chesney, Edward
name: Oliver, Dominic
name: Hedges, Emily
name: Klatsa, Elise
name: Stahl, Daniel
name: Van Der Gaag, Mark
name: De Haan, Lieuwe
name: Nelson, Barnaby
name: McGorry, Patrick
name: Amminger, G. Paul
name: Riecher-Rössler, Anita
name: Studerus, Erich
name: Bressan, Rodrigo
name: Barrantes-Vidal, Neus
name: Krebs, Marie-Odile
name: Glenthøj, Birte
name: Nordentoft, Merete
name: Ruhrmann, Stephan
name: Sachs, Gabriele
name: McGuire, Philip
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 330 - Wirtschaft

description: Aims Evidence for case–control studies suggests that cannabis use is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. However, there have been limited prospective studies and the direction of this association remains controversial. The primary aim of the present study was to examine the association between cannabis use and the incidence of psychotic disorders in people at clinical high risk of psychosis. Secondary aims were to assess associations between cannabis use and the persistence of psychotic symptoms, and with functional outcome. Methods Current and previous cannabis use were assessed in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (n = 334) and healthy controls (n = 67), using a modified version of the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. Participants were assessed at baseline and followed up for 2 years. Transition to psychosis and persistence of psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States criteria. Level of functioning at follow up was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning disability scale. Results During follow up, 16.2% of the clinical high-risk sample developed psychosis. Of those who did not become psychotic, 51.4% had persistent symptoms and 48.6% were in remission. There was no significant association between any measure of cannabis use at baseline and either transition to psychosis, the persistence of symptoms, or functional outcome. Conclusions These findings contrast with epidemiological data that suggest that cannabis use increases the risk of psychotic disorder.
Improved urban extreme weather simulation by capturing urban heterogeneity
Creators: name: Fung, Kwun Yip
name: 0000-0003-1213-165X
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Urban heterogeneity
Extreme weather
WRF
Machine learning
Tropical cyclones
Urban overheating mitigation
Equity

description: The current observations clearly indicate a world undergoing climate change, marked by increased frequency and intensity of heat waves and heavy rainfall events since 1950. The repercussions of extreme weather in urban settings are highly variable due to the diverse environments present. These risks will disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, making it essential to study the effects of urban heterogeneity on extreme weather. This dissertation is structured into three main sections. 1. Methodology Development: The first section delves into various machine learning techniques and urban datasets to produce a precise Local Climate Zone (LCZ) map. The LCZ classification, which divides urban areas into 10 classes, aids in capturing urban heterogeneity. The random forest classifier is highlighted as producing an accurate and high-resolution output in a short timeframe. Key factors governing classification accuracy are building height and imperviousness. Building height improves the accuracy of high-rise classes, while the imperviousness dataset enhances the accuracy of low-rise classes. The refined LCZ map contributes to more accurate computational simulations of urban heterogeneity. 2. Enhancing Tropical Cyclone Simulations: The second section focuses on evaluating improvements in tropical cyclone simulations by integrating LCZ to capture urban heterogeneity. While LCZ has proven beneficial for simulating temperature, wind, humidity, and non-hurricane rainfall, its impact during tropical cyclones has been underexplored. Simulation experiments, when compared with observations, demonstrate that incorporating LCZ in urban areas enhances the accuracy of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, land surface temperature, and rainfall hotspot locations. This underscores the significance of considering urban heterogeneity when predicting and preparing for tropical cyclones. 3. Equitable Urban Overheating Mitigation: The third section investigates the efficacy of diverse urban overheating mitigation strategies, while also addressing equity concerns. Simulations of cool roofs, green roofs, and urban trees during five heatwave events reveal that the urban trees strategy is most effective in achieving equity by cooling down vulnerable neighborhoods in Houston. This study emphasizes the necessity of factoring in city layouts and demographics to develop equitable solutions. Overall, this dissertation addresses the impacts of urban heterogeneity on extreme weather comprehensively, outlining methodologies for accurate representation, improvements in tropical cyclone simulations, and the importance of equitable urban overheating mitigation strategies.
Determining vegetation response to ecosystem stress : an observational and modeling approach
Creators: name: Restrepo Acevedo, Ana Maria
name: 0000-0003-4861-838X
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Forest
Trees' hydraulics

description: Forests play a fundamental role in linking energy, water, carbon, and biogeochemical cycles. Understanding the feedback mechanisms between these cycles is essential for comprehending the Earth's functioning as a dynamic system. Earth system models have evolved to incorporate complex interactions; however, incorporating the knowledge acquired about ecosystem functioning at the individual tree-level into large-scale climate models is challenging. This dissertation combined field data, data-based models, and physics-based models to enhance understanding of trees’ hydraulics. Our investigation unearthed a robust inverse relationship between wood water content measured in the field and raw sap flux data, especially evident during dry inter-storm intervals. Leveraging data-driven models such as artificial neural networks, we accurately predicted wood water content using publicly accessible sap flux data. Furthermore, we pioneered a novel concept correlating stem radius data with directly observed wood water content, advocating for the wider integration of capacitance sensors for direct monitoring of stem-resident water in fully grown trees. Our scrutiny of continuously monitored field data unveiled that following precipitation events, red oaks and white pines demonstrated expedited recovery of transpiration (within 2 and 3 days respectively), contrasting with red maples (6 days). Ultimately, by integrating species-specific information into a physics-based model to track water potentials across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, we showcased significant enhancement in simulating transpiration rates. Notably, this innovation led to improvements exceeding 20% for white pines and 15% for red maples in comparison to the widely employed Penman-Monteith model. Deciphering the intricate links between stressors, hydraulic tactics, and transpiration rates assumes paramount significance in advancing our comprehension of the Earth system and prognosticating the future trajectory of forest ecosystems. This dissertation stands as a testament to the pursuit of expanding our understanding of transpiration rates, trees’ water storage dynamics, and plant hydraulic function across both individual trees and ecosystem dimensions, with a distinct focus on the implications of drought and disturbances. The profound insights garnered through this research transcend the boundaries of species comprehension, propelling the broader scientific dialogue encompassing plant hydraulics and the remarkable resilience showcased by forest ecosystems.
Transitions in large eddy simulation of box turbulence
Creators: name: van Veen, Lennaert
name: Kawahara, Genta
name: Yasuda, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76F06, 35B32

description: One promising decomposition of turbulent dynamics is that into building blocks such as equilibrium and periodic solutions and orbits connecting these. While the numerical approximation of such building blocks is feasible for flows in small domains and at low Reynolds numbers, computations in developed turbulence are currently out of reach because of the large number of degrees of freedom necessary to represent Navier-Stokes flow on all relevant spatial scales. We mitigate this problem by applying large eddy simulation (LES), which aims to model, rather than resolve, motion on scales below the filter length, which is fixed by a model parameter. By considering a periodic spatial domain, we avoid complications that arise in LES modelling in the presence of boundary layers. We consider the motion of an LES fluid subject to a constant body force of the Taylor-Green type as the separation between the forcing length scale and the filter length is increased. In particular, we discuss the transition from laminar to weakly turbulent motion, regulated by simple invariant solution, on a grid of $32^3$ points.
Compound delta clinoforms : an analysis of its morphology and deposits from modern and ancient examples
Creators: name: Alabdullatif, Jana A.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Delta
Clinoform
Compound-clinoform
Shallow-marine
Kenilworth
Blackhawk

description: Recent recognition of compound delta clinoforms reveal pillars to understanding delta progradation and uncover a significant misunderstanding in deltaic architecture. Little effort has been dedicated to spatially delineate delta 3-D morphologies at and away the sediment sources and relate these architectures to stratigraphically constrain ancient deposits. Our assessment of over 35 Holocene deltas allowed the consolidation of a robust geospatial qualitative and quantitative analysis where we consistently observe two main gradient breaks at tens of meters water depth that display varying delineated geometries. The resulting geospatial framework reflects relatively steep shoreline and subaqueous clinoforms – reaching up to 0.49 degrees – separated by a gently dipping platform of maximum 0.11 degrees, and variability in geospatial distance relative to the sediment source and basinal energies. As a result, the extracted geospatial frameworks from modern observations facilitate reinterpretation of ancient deposits, where most compound delta clinoform recognition difficulty arises from the lack of facies criteria, especially for the subaqueous delta, and the limited incorporation of modern systems’ insights. We evaluate the Cretaceous Kenilworth Member of the Blackhawk Formation along the Book Cliffs outcrop belt in Utah, and suggest a new compound delta clinoform hypothesis. Outcomes of this study extend to anchoring the understanding of sediment transport in deltas and shallow marine systems and supporting delta numerical models. Concurrently, this study has direct industry implications in expanding hydrocarbon reserves, increasing CO₂ sequestration potential, and improving facies models for reservoir characterization.
Phase diagrams for Prisoner's Dilemma game on two-dimensional lattices
Creators: name: Szabo, Gyorgy
name: Vukov, Jeromos
name: Szolnoki, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of payoffs and noise on the maintenance of cooperative behavior are studied in an evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma game with players located on the sites of different two-dimensional lattices. This system exhibits a phase transition from a mixed state of cooperators and defectors to a homogeneous one where only the defectors remain alive. Using systematic Monte Carlo simulations and different levels of the generalized mean-field approximations we have determined the phase boundaries (critical points) separating the two phases on the plane of the temperature (noise) and temptation to choose defection. In the zero temperature limit this analysis suggests that the cooperation can be sustained only for those connectivity structures where three-site clique percolation occurs.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Understanding three-body contributions to coarse-grained force-fields
Creators: name: Scherer, Christoph
name: Andrienko, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coarse-graining (CG) is a systematic reduction of the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) used to describe a system of interest. CG can be thought of as a projection on coarse-grained DOF and is therefore dependent on the functions used to represent the CG force field. In this work, we show that naive extensions of the coarse-grained force-field can result in unphysical parametrizations of the CG potential energy surface (PES). This issue can be elevated by coarse-graining the two- and three-body forces separately, which also helps to evaluate the importance of many-body interactions for a given system. The approach is illustrated on liquid water, where three-body interactions are essential to reproduce the structural properties, and liquid methanol, where two-body interactions are sufficient to reproduce the main features of the atomistic system.
On gradient structures for Markov chains and the passage to Wasserstein gradient flows
Creators: name: Disser, Karoline
name: Liero, Matthias
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Wasserstein gradient flow
subject: relative entropy
subject: finite-volume scheme
subject: entropy/entropy-dissipation formulation
subject: gradient structures
subject: Markov chains
subject: 35K10
subject: 35K20
subject: 37L05
subject: 49M25
subject: 60F99
subject: 65M08
subject: 60J27
subject: 70G75

description: We study the approximation of Wasserstein gradient structures by their finite-dimensional analog. We show that simple finite-volume discretizations of the linear Fokker-Planck equation exhibit the recently established entropic gradient-flow structure for reversible Markov chains. Then, we reprove the convergence of the discrete scheme in the limit of vanishing mesh size using only the involved gradient-flow structures. In particular, we make no use of the linearity of the equations nor of the fact that the Fokker-Planck equation is of second order.
MOESM4 of Myopia disease mouse models: a missense point mutation (S673G) and a protein-truncating mutation of the Zfp644 mimic human disease phenotype
Creators: name: Szczerkowska, Katarzyna
name: Petrezselyova, Silvia
name: Lindovsky, Jiri
name: Palkova, Marcela
name: Dvorak, Jan
name: Makovicky, Peter
name: Fang, Mingyan
name: Jiang, Chongyi
name: Chen, Lingyan
name: Shi, Mingming
name: Liu, Xiao
name: Zhang, Jianguo
name: Kubik-Zahorodna, Agnieszka
name: Schuster, Bjoern
name: Beck, Inken
name: Novosadova, Vendula
name: Prochazka, Jan
name: Sedlacek, Radislav
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. Summary of the results of ophthalmologic ultrasound measurements on WT, HET, and HOM Zfp644Δ eyes. For each sex, medians, first and third quartile and p-values were calculated by one-way ANOVA analysis comparing WT, HET and HOM eyes.
Dynamical gluon mass generation from in linear covariant gauges
Creators: name: Dudal, D.
name: Verschelde, H.
name: Gracey, J. A.
name: Lemes, V. E. R.
name: Sarandy, M. S.
name: Sobreiro, R. F.
name: Sorella, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the multiplicatively renormalizable effective potential for the mass dimension two local composite operator A^2 in linear covariant gauges. We show that the formation of is energetically favoured and that the gluons acquire a dynamical mass due to this gluon condensate. We also discuss the gauge parameter independence of the resultant vacuum energy.
description: 21 pages. 14 .eps figures. v2: minor modifications. v3: version accepted for publication in JHEP
Model--space approach to $^{1}S_{0}$ neutron and proton pairing with the Bonn meson--exchange potentials
Creators: name: Elgaroy, O.
name: Engvik, L.
name: Hjorth-Jensen, M.
name: Osnes, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we calculate neutron and proton energy gaps in neutron star matter, using the Bonn meson--exchange interactions and a model--space approach to the gap equation. This approach allows a consistent calculation of energy gaps and single particle energies with the model--space Brueckner--Hartree--Fock (MBHF) method, without double counting of two--particle correlations. Neutron energy gaps are calculated at zero and finite temperature. Proton energy gaps are calculated at beta equilibrium, and it is shown that the inclusion of muons has a significant effect. The results are compared with those of other works, and the implications for neutron star physics are briefly discussed.
description: uuencoded file, 19 pages, 15 figures included
Some analytical results for an algebraic flux correction scheme for a steady convection-diffusion equation in 1D
Creators: name: Barrenechea, Gabriel R.
name: John, Volker
name: Knobloch, Petr
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: finite element method
subject: convection-diffusion equation
subject: algebraic flux correction
subject: discrete maximum principle
subject: fixed point iteration
subject: solvability of linear subproblems
subject: solvability of nonlinear problem
subject: 65N06
subject: 65N30

description: Algebraic flux correction schemes are nonlinear discretizations of convection dominated problems. In this work, a scheme from this class is studied for a steady-state convection--diffusion equation in one dimension. It is proved that this scheme satisfies the discrete maximum principle. Also, as it is a nonlinear scheme, the solvability of the linear subproblems arising in a Picard iteration is studied, where positive and negative results are proved. Furthermore, the non-existence of solutions for the nonlinear scheme is proved by means of counterexamples. Therefore, a modification of the method, which ensures the existence of a solution, is proposed. A weak version of the discrete maximum principle is proved for this modified method.
Semi-Analytical Model for Wind-Fed Black Hole High-Mass X-ray Binaries -- State Transition Triggered by Magnetic Fields from the Companion Star --
Creators: name: Yaji, Kentaro
name: Yamada, Shinya
name: Masai, Kuniaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism of state transition in wind-fed black hole binaries (high-mass X-ray binaries) such as Cyg X-1 and LMC X-1. Modeling a line-driven stellar wind from the companion by two-dimensional hydrodynamical calculations, we investigate the processes of wind capture by and accretion onto the black hole. We assume that the wind acceleration is terminated at the He II ionization front because ions responsible for line-driven acceleration are ionized within the front, i.e. He III region. It is found that the mass accretion rate inferred from the luminosity is remarkably smaller than the capture rate. Considering the difference, we construct a model for the state transition based on the accretion flow being controlled by magneto-rotational instability. The outer flow is torus like, and plays an important role to trigger the transition. The model can explain why state transition does occur in Cyg X-1, while not in LMC X-1. Cyg X-1 exhibits a relatively low luminosity, and then the He II ionization front is located and can move between the companion and black hole, depending on its ionizing photon flux. On the other hand, LMC X-1 exhibits too high luminosity for the front to move considerably; the front is too close to the companion atmosphere. The model also predicts that each state of high-soft or low-hard would last fairly long because the luminosity depends weakly on the wind velocity. In the context of the model, the state transition is triggered by a fluctuation of the magnetic field when its amplitude becomes comparable to the field strength in the torus-like outer flow.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 26 pages, 5 Tables, 5 Figures
TeV afterglow from GRB 221009A: photohadronic origin?
Creators: name: Sahu, Sarira
name: Medina-Carrillo, B.
name: Páez-Sánchez, D. I.
name: Sánchez-Colón, G.
name: Rajpoot, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 221009A, a long-duration GRB, was observed simultaneously by the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) and the Kilometer Squared Array (KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) during the prompt emission and the afterglow periods. Characteristic multi-TeV photons up to 13 TeV were observed in the afterglow phase. The observed very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray spectra by WCDA and KM2A during different time intervals and in different energy ranges can be explained very well in the context of the photohadronic model with the inclusion of extragalactic background light models. In the photohadronic scenario, interaction of high-energy protons with the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) photons in the forward shock region of the jet is assumed to be the source of these VHE photons. The observed VHE spectra from the afterglow of GRB 221009A are similar to the VHE gamma-ray spectra observed from the temporary extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac (EHBL), 1ES 2344+514 {\it only} during the 11th and the 12th of August, 2016. Such spectra are new and have been observed for the first time in a GRB.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. To be published in MNRAS Letters
Assessing the effect of pollution on Rhizophora mangle in Jamaica : a comparative study
Creators: name: Loving, Myriam
name: 0009-0008-8378-1530
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Rizophora mangle
Nutrients
Transpiration
Phytoremediation

description: The motivation for this thesis is the fact that, coastal areas are being lost to urbanization and mangroves are not being spared; it is estimated that over one-third of the world’s mangrove forests have been lost. The loss of mangroves accelerates costal degradation because they provide important services such as habitat for many birds, crustacean, snakes, and mammal species. They also act as a barrier and protect coastlines from waves by lowering their intensity as well as attenuating sediment. Many studies have highlighted the role of mangrove forests as a valuable natural carbon sink. Furthermore, mangroves’ potential for remediating polluted waters has also been the focus of many studies. This thesis is a comparative study between a mangrove forest located at the outflow of a storm drain in Montego Bay (Bogue Lagoon), Jamaica and a protected mangrove forest in Port Antonio (Turtle Harbour Lagoon), Jamaica. This study aims to answer the following questions: (1) Are there differences in water chemistry and tree behavior between sites? (2) Are there changes along a land-to-sea transect at each site that can be attributed to the mangrove trees? (3) Does nutrient availability influence transpiration rates along the transects? In order to answer these questions, I collected water samples along a land to reef transect at both sites as well as soil samples at each tree location. Three trees at each site were instrumented to record air temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and sap flux. My result show two main findings. First, higher phosphate concentrations occur in Bogue Lagoon in both water and soil with the maximum value being 0.98 ppm in water and 1.32 ppm in soil. Second, soil in Turtle Harbour Lagoon is higher in calcium carbonate with values ranging between 15% and 28% whereas Montego Bay’s soil is higher in organic matter with values ranges from 19% to 39%. As countries put in place plans to decelerate the impact of climate change, protecting native coastal ecosystems that can mitigate climate change through natural processes is a crucial part of attaining sustainability.