cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thiodina Simon 1900
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Thiodina

description: Thiodina Simon, 1900
Thiodina Simon, 1900: 392 (type species by original designation: Attus elegans Nicolet, 1849 = Thiodina nicoleti Roewer, 1951); Simon 1901a; Peckham & Peckham 1909; Richman & Vetter 2004; Hill 2012; Bustamante et al. 2015; Ruiz & Maddison 2015; Maddison 2015; World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis. Males resemble those of Cyllodania, Arachnomura, Atomosphyrus, Hyetussa and Tartamura in having spine-like setae on the anterior surface of male chelicera (Figs 8A‒8J; see also Bustamante et al. 2015: figs 4‒5, 9).
They differ from Cyllodania in not having cheliceral projections (Figs 8I ‒8J), from Arachnomura, Atomosphyrus and Tartamura in having a shorter embolus, and from Hyetussa in not having a bump in the embolus. Females resemble those of Cyllodania in the general pattern of genitalia, but differ in having less coiled copulatory ducts and less rounded spermathecae (Fig. 26F). Also males and females can be distinguished from other thiodinines for including species with a strong pattern of dark/clear longitudinal stripes on the abdomen of both sexes (Figs 24A, 25A, 25D; Bustamante et al. 2015: figs 1, 8).
List of species (chronological order):
1. Thiodina nicoleti Roewer, 1951 (type species). 2. Thiodina minuta (Galiano, 1977) comb. nov. 3. Thiodina firme sp. nov.
4. Thiodina perian sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on pages 332-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Creators: name: Mohd Sajeed, Mohd Waqas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Therapy through intranasal administration has been an accepted form of treatment in the Ayurvedic system of Indian Medicine. In recent years many drugs have been shown to achieve better systemic bioavailability through nasal route than by oral administration . Advances in biotechnology have made available a large number of protein and peptide drug for the treatment of a variety of diseases. The nasal cavity is covered with a mucous membrane which can be divided into non-olfactory and olfactory epithelium areas. The non-olfactory area includes the nasal vestibule, which is lined with skin-like cells, and respiratory region, which has a typical airways epithelium
Semi-implicit hybrid finite volume/finite element method for the GPR model of continuum mechanics
Creators: name: Busto, Saray
name: Río-Martín, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new hybrid semi-implicit finite volume / finite element numerical scheme for the solution of incompressible and weakly compressible media. From the continuum mechanics model proposed by Godunov, Peshkov and Romenski (GPR), we derive the incompressible GPR formulation as well as a weakly compressible GPR system. As for the original GPR model, the new formulations are able to describe different media, from elastoplastic solids to viscous fluids, depending on the values set for the model's relaxation parameters. Then, we propose a new numerical method for the solution of both models based on the splitting of the original systems into three subsystems: one containing the convective part and non-conservative products, a second subsystem for the source terms of the distortion tensor and heat flux equations and, finally, a pressure subsystem. In the first stage of the algorithm, the transport subsystem is solved by employing an explicit finite volume method, while the source terms are solved implicitly. Next, the pressure subsystem is implicitly discretised using finite elements. Within this methodology, unstructured grids are employed, with the pressure defined in the primal grid and the rest of the variables computed in the dual grid. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, a numerical convergence analysis is carried out, which confirms the second order of accuracy in space. A wide range of benchmarks is reproduced for the incompressible and weakly compressible cases, considering both solid and fluid media. These results demonstrate the good behaviour and robustness of the proposed scheme in a variety of scenarios and conditions.
Thiodina minuta Bustamante & Ruiz 2017, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Thiodina
Thiodina minuta

description: Thiodina minuta (Galino, 1977) comb. nov.
Cyllodania minuta Galiano, 1977b: 77 (male holotype from Punta Hermosa [12.26°S, 76.72°W], Lima, Peru, 1975, P. Aguilar, MACN 7021, not examined); World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis. The males resemble those of Th. nicoleti¸ Th. firme sp. nov. and Th. perian sp. nov. by the general appearance of body, but differ in the length of the embolus of the palp, shorter in this species. The females resemble those of Th. perian by the shape of spermathecae, but differ by the shorter copulatory ducts.
Description. See Galiano (1977b).
Distribution. Known only from Peru.
Note. The new combination is based on the original description and drawings made by Galiano (1977b), article in which no evidence of cheliceral keel is shown (Galiano 1977b: figs 9‒10). Also, the dorsal pattern of the abdomen matches that of the diagnosis of Thiodina (see above) (see Galiano 1977b: fig. 7), rather than that of Cyllodania (compare with Figs 12A‒12C).
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Atta minuta
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta minuta

description: 5. Atta minuta.
Atta minuta, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sc. 105; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 47. 1 (1854).
Hab. India (Carnatic).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 163
Thiodina firme Bustamante & Ruiz 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Thiodina
Thiodina firme

description: Thiodina firme sp. nov.
Figs 8I, 9B, 24
Type material. Male holotype (MPEG 34602) from Várzea Piranha (02.210028°S, 56.122417°W), Juruti, Pará, Brazil, 22.II.2011, N.F. Lo-Man-Hung leg.
Etymology. The specific name is an invariable adjective taken from a colloquial expression “ firme!” (translated as “cool!”), used by the people of the state of Pará, Brazil.
Diagnosis. Thiodina firme sp. nov. resembles Th. nicoleti, Th. perian sp. nov. and Th. minuta comb. nov. by the general appearance of body, but differs from these by the triangular RvTA (Figs 24E‒24F).
Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 3.30. Carapace 1.54 long, 1.11 wide, 0.81 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.88 long. Anterior and posterior eye row 0.96 wide. Chelicera paturon with two promarginal teeth, the proximal one tricuspid, the distal one uni- or bicuspid, and one retromarginal tooth with three cusps. Length of femur: I 1.06, II 0.73, III 0.69, IV 0.92; patella + tibia: I 1.38, II 0.86, III 0.79, IV 1.09; metatarsus + tarsus: I 0.98, II 0.71, III 0.81, IV 1.02. Leg formula: 1423. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1-1, p1di, r0; II d1-1-1, p1di, r0; III d0-1- 1, p1di, r1di (r0 right); IV d1-1-1, p1di, r1di; patella I‒IV 0; tibia I p0, r0, v2 -0-2a-2; II p0, r0, v1 r-0-0; III p0, r0, v0 (v1 pdi right); IV p0, r0-1-0, v0 (v1 rdi right); metatarsus I‒II v2-2; III p2di, r1di, v1 p-0 (v0 right); IV p2di, r1di, v0. Palp (Figs 24D‒24F): tibia longer than wide; RTA triangular; embolus simple, fixed to the tegulum, arising proximally, with a path of 360° before the distal coil. Color in alcohol: carapace mostly brown with yellow borders (Figs 24A‒24B), abdomen as in genus, but with the dark dorsal band of the middle, reduced (Fig. 24A). Femur I light brown, patella I distally darker, tibia I with distal half darker, metatarsus I brown, tarsus I yellow; other legs light brown.
Female. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from Juruti, Brazil.
Natural history. Specimen was collected with a beating sheet.
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on pages 333-335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Titanattus Peckham & Peckham 1885
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus

description: Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885
Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885: 62 (type species by original designation: Titanattus saevus Peckham & Peckham, 1885); Pickard-Cambridge 1900; Simon 1901a; Ruiz & Maddison 2015; Maddison 2015; World Spider Catalog 2017. Agelista Simon, 1900: 383 (type species by original designation: Agelista andina Simon, 1900); Galiano 1963a; Ruiz & Maddison 2015; Maddison 2015; World Spider Catalog 2017. NEW SYNONYMY.
Diagnosis. Among all already-described genera considered as thiodinines by Ruiz & Maddison (2015) and here, Titanattus can be distinguished by a high carapace and clypeus (e.g. Peckham & Peckham 1885: fig. 1A), and typical salticid number of spines on their legs (e.g. patellae p1, r0 or p1, r1; many leg spines are absent in other thiodinines; see discussion below) and a heart-shaped sternum, with no keel (Fig. 9; Peckham & Peckham 1885: fig. 1C).
List of species (chronological order):
1. Titanattus saevus Peckham & Peckham, 1885 (type species). 2. Titanattus pegaseus Simon, 1900.
3. Titanattus andinus (Simon, 1901) comb. nov. 4. Titanattus notabilis (Mello-Leitão, 1943). 5. Titanattus pallidus Mello-Leitão, 1943. 6. Titanattus cretatus Chickering, 1946. 7. Titanattus paganus Chickering, 1946. 8. Titanattus novarai Caporiacco, 1955. 9. Titanattus acanjuba sp. nov.
10. Titanattus euryphaessa sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on pages 335-337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Atta destructa
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta destructa

description: 6. Atta destructa.
Atta destructa, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. &Sc. 105 (1851); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 47. 2 (1854).
Hab. India.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 163
A Proposal for a FAIR Management of 3D Data in Cultural Heritage: The Aldrovandi Digital Twin Case
Creators: name: Barzaghi, Sebastian
name: Bordignon, Alice
name: Gualandi, Bianca
name: Heibi, Ivan
name: Massari, Arcangelo
name: Moretti, Arianna
name: Peroni, Silvio
name: Renda, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article we analyse 3D models of cultural heritage with the aim of answering three main questions: what processes can be put in place to create a FAIR-by-design digital twin of a temporary exhibition? What are the main challenges in applying FAIR principles to 3D data in cultural heritage studies and how are they different from other types of data (e.g. images) from a data management perspective? We begin with a comprehensive literature review touching on: FAIR principles applied to cultural heritage data; representation models; both Object Provenance Information (OPI) and Metadata Record Provenance Information (MRPI), respectively meant as, on the one hand, the detailed history and origin of an object, and - on the other hand - the detailed history and origin of the metadata itself, which describes the primary object (whether physical or digital); 3D models as cultural heritage research data and their creation, selection, publication, archival and preservation. We then describe the process of creating the Aldrovandi Digital Twin, by collecting, storing and modelling data about cultural heritage objects and processes. We detail the many steps from the acquisition of the Digital Cultural Heritage Objects (DCHO), through to the upload of the optimised DCHO onto a web-based framework (ATON), with a focus on open technologies and standards for interoperability and preservation. Using the FAIR Principles for Heritage Library, Archive and Museum Collections [1] as a framework, we look in detail at how the Digital Twin implements FAIR principles at the object and metadata level. We then describe the main challenges we encountered and we summarise what seem to be the peculiarities of 3D cultural heritage data and the possible directions for further research in this field.
Simulium (Simulium) maenoi Takaoka & Choochote 2002
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium maenoi

description: Simulium (Simulium) maenoi Takaoka & Choochote, 2002
Simulium (Simulium) maenoi Takaoka & Choochote, 2002: 115 –120 (Female, male, pupa and larva); Takaoka et al., 2014b: 746 –747.
Distribution. Thailand and Vietnam (Vinh Phuc).
Remarks. This species was originally described from Thailand (Takaoka and Choochote 2002). The record from Vietnam was based on three females captured in Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc Province, while flying around a human (Takaoka et al. 2014b). The aquatic stages remain to be collected from Vietnam.
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 95, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Atta domicola
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta domicola

description: 7. Atta domicola.
Atta domicola, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sc. 106 (1851); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 47. 3 (1854).
Hab. India (Nellore).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 163
$\text{Memory}^3$: Language Modeling with Explicit Memory
Creators: name: Yang, Hongkang
name: Lin, Zehao
name: Wang, Wenjin
name: Wu, Hao
name: Li, Zhiyu
name: Tang, Bo
name: Wei, Wenqiang
name: Wang, Jinbo
name: Tang, Zeyun
name: Song, Shichao
name: Xi, Chenyang
name: Yu, Yu
name: Chen, Kai
name: Xiong, Feiyu
name: Tang, Linpeng
name: E, Weinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7
subject: 68T50

description: The training and inference of large language models (LLMs) are together a costly process that transports knowledge from raw data to meaningful computation. Inspired by the memory hierarchy of the human brain, we reduce this cost by equipping LLMs with explicit memory, a memory format cheaper than model parameters and text retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Conceptually, with most of its knowledge externalized to explicit memories, the LLM can enjoy a smaller parameter size, training cost, and inference cost, all proportional to the amount of remaining "abstract knowledge". As a preliminary proof of concept, we train from scratch a 2.4B LLM, which achieves better performance than much larger LLMs as well as RAG models, and maintains higher decoding speed than RAG. The model is named $\text{Memory}^3$, since explicit memory is the third form of memory in LLMs after implicit memory (model parameters) and working memory (context key-values). We introduce a memory circuitry theory to support the externalization of knowledge, and present novel techniques including a memory sparsification mechanism that makes storage tractable and a two-stage pretraining scheme that facilitates memory formation.
Atta rufa
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta rufa

description: 8. Atta rufa.
Atta rufa, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sc. 106 (1851); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 48. 4 (1854).
Hab. India.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 163
Variability and the existence of rough integrals with irregular coefficients
Creators: name: Hinz, Michael
name: Tölle, Jonas M.
name: Viitasaari, Lauri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 26B30, 46E35, 60G15, 60G17, 60G22, 60L20. Secondary: 26A33, 31B15, 42B20

description: Within the context of rough path analysis via fractional calculus, we show how variability can be used to prove the existence of integrals with respect to Hölder continuous multiplicative functionals in the case of Lipschitz coefficients with first order partial derivatives of bounded variation. We discuss applications to certain Gaussian processes, in particular, fractional Brownian motions with Hurst index $\frac13
description: 14 pages, 31 references
Atta floricola
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta floricola

description: 9. Atta floricola.
Atta floricola, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sc. 107 (1851); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 49. 6 (1854).
Hab. India (Tellicherry).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 163
Titanattus andinus Bustamante & Ruiz 2017, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus andinus

description: Titanattus andinus (Simon, 1901) comb. nov.
Agelista andina Simon 1900: 383 (male holotype from Salta [24.782127°S, 65.423198°W], Argentina, deposited in MNHN, not examined); Simon 1901; Galiano 1963a; Galiano 1963b; World Spider Catalog 2017.
Agelista hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1941: 179 (male lectotype from Belén, Catamarca, Argentina, Birabén, deposited in MLP 14962, designated by Galiano 1963a, not examined).
Scopocira obscura Mello-Leitão, 1943: 230 (female holotype from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Rambo, deposited in MNRJ 41377, not examined).
Agelista schubarti Soares & Camargo, 1948: 398 (male holotype from Aragarças, Goiás, Brazil, deposited in MZUSP, not examined).
Additional material examined. BRAZIL: São Paulo: Primavera: Usina Hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta: 1♂ (used for the illustrations of male palp, Figs 27A‒27B), 2001, Equipe IBSP (ex-IBSP 53071).
Note. The synonymy of Agelista with Titanattus, established after comparisions of male palps of both type species, is based on the long, thin embolus, unusual similarities seen in their spermducts, with a second loop after the “amycoid loop” (arrows in Figs 27A, 27C) and on the PLE elevated on a tubercle (Ruiz & Maddison 2015). The differences between Ti. andinus and Ti. saevus are few, the most notorious being the body color pattern (darker in Ti. andinus), the length of the embolus (longer in Ti. andinus, Figs 27A, 27C) and RTA shape (Figs 27B, 27D).
Diagnosis. This species resembles Ti. saevus by having the spermduct with an additional loop after “amycoid loop” (Figs 27A, 27C), but differs by the longer embolus.
Description. See Galiano (1963a, 1963b).
Distribution. Known from Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina (World Spider Catalog 2017).
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Titanattus notabilis
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus notabilis

description: Titanattus notabilis (Mello-Leitão, 1943)
Agelista notabilis Mello-Leitão, 1943: 221 (female holotype from Porto Alegre [30.034646°S, 51.217662°W], Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, deposited in MNRJ 42182, examined by photos).
Titanattus notabilis: Galiano 1963a; World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis and description. See Galiano (1963a).
Distribution. Known from Argentina and Brazil (Galiano 1963a; World Spider Catalog 2017). Note. Titanattus notabilis Mello-Leitão, 1943 can be recognized using illustrations of Galiano (1963a: lám. I, fig. 11, lám. II, figs 1‒3). The type is poorly conserved, possibly because it has dried out several times through the decades.
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Simulium (Simulium) vietnamense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Chen 2014
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium vietnamense

description: Simulium (Simulium) vietnamense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Chen, 2014
Simulium (Simulium) vietnamense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Chen (in Takaoka et al., 2014b): 743–746 (Female).
Distribution. Vietnam (Vinh Phuc).
Remarks. This species was described from two females collected while flying around a human in Tam Dao National Parks, Vinh Phuc Province (Takaoka et al. 2014b). The male, pupa and larva of this species are unknown.
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Atta bellicosa
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta bellicosa

description: 11. Atta bellicosa. B.M.
Worker. Length 3 lines.-Ferruginous and shining: head very large, deeply emarginate behind, and with a central longitudinal channel; the clypeus smooth and shining; the face longitudinally striated anteriorly, the head behind transversely so; the mandibles very stout, their inner margins smooth and black, with a single notch at their apex, striated at their base and apex, and punctured in the midddle. Thorax, legs and base of the abdomen rather paler than the head; the former rounded in front, narrowed behind, and deeply strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter armed with two acute spines.
Worker minor.-Only differs in being smaller, in having the mandibles toothed on their inner edge, in the head being smooth behind, and in being altogether of a paler colour.
Hab. Birmah.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 164
Atta penetrans
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta penetrans

description: 12. Atta penetrans. B.M.
Female. Length 4 lines. -Head and thorax black and shining, abdomen dark rufo-piceous. Head longitudinally striated; the mouth, clypeus and antennae ferruginous. Thorax elongateovate; the prothorax in front and the legs ferruginous, the striae on the disk intermixed with oblong punctures, a smooth impunctate line in the middle of the thorax in front; the metathorax truncate, the truncation smooth and shining; the wings subhyaline, with a fuscous line along the costal nervure, the apical margins of the wings with a fringe of fine white hairs. Abdomen; the apical margins of the segments rufo-piceous, the nodes of the peduncle globose and punctured.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). (Coll. A. R. Wallace.)
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 164-165
Titanattus saevus Peckham & Peckham 1885
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus saevus

description: Titanattus saevus Peckham & Peckham, 1885
Titanattus saevus Peckham & Peckham 1885: 63 (two male syntypes from Guatemala (unspecific locality), deposited in MCZ, examined by photographs); Pickard-Cambridge 1900; Simon 1901a; World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis and description. See Peckham & Peckham (1885). Additional illustrations of the male palp based on photographs of one syntype are given herein (Figs 27C‒27D).
Distribution. Known from Guatemala and Mexico (Hoffmann 1976; World Spider Catalog 2017).
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Titanattus pegaseus Simon 1900
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus pegaseus

description: Titanattus pegaseus Simon, 1900
Titanattus pegaseus Simon 1900: 382 (male holotype from São Paulo de Olivença [3.649901°S, 69.097023°W], Amazonas, Brazil, deposited in MNHN, not examined); Simon 1901a; Galiano 1963b; World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis and description. See Galiano (1963b).
Distribution. Known only from Brazil (Simon 1900; World Spider Catalog 2017).
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Atta instabilis
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta instabilis

description: 10. Atta instabilis. B.M.
Worker. Length 3-3i lines.-Head ferruginous, thorax and legs more or less obscurely so; abdomen black and shining.
Head large, wider than the thorax or abdomen, finely longitudinally strigose; the mandibles striated, their teeth and margins black; the eyes and antennae black, the latter sometimes fuscoferruginous, the tip of the scape ferruginous. Thorax striated, obliquely so at the sides, and transversely so above; the metathorax with a broad deep longitudinal channel, which is transversely striated, not spined. Abdomen ovate, the nodes of the petiole rugose; the entire insect thinly sprinkled with pale pubescence.
Male. Length 3 1/2 - 4 lines.-Black and shining, pubescent: the tips of the antennae and the apical joints of the tarsi pale rufotestaceous. Head small, much narrower than the thorax, eyes prominent; the wings colourless and iridescent, with the nervures rufo-testaceous, the stigma darkest. Abdomen very black and shining.
Hab. Northern India.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 163-164
Titanattus pallidus Mello-Leitao 1943
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus pallidus

description: Titanattus pallidus Mello-Leitão, 1943
Titanattus pallidus Mello-Leitão, 1943: 265 (male holotype from Pinheiro [Piraí, Pinheiral] [22.517705°S, 44.002572°W], Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, deposited in MNRJ 1165, examined by photos); Edwards et al. 2005; World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis and description. See Edwards et al. (2005).
Distribution. Known only from Brazil (Mello-Leitão 1943; World Spider Catalog 2017). Note. Titanattus pallidus Mello-Leitão, 1943 (unknown female) can be recognized using illustrations of Edwards et al. (2005: figs 1‒3). The type specimen is poorly conserved, possibly because it has dried out several times through the decades.
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Atta cingulata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta cingulata

description: 13. Atta cingulata.
Worker major. Length 1 3/4 line.-Ferruginous. Head very large, thrice the width of the thorax; the antennae pale ferruginous; eyes very small, placed a little before the middle, at the sides of the head. Thorax much swollen in front, much narrowed behind, with two short acute spines on the metathorax; legs pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the base truncated; a fuscous ring round the middle; the nodes of the peduncle globose.
Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). (Coll. A. R. Wallace.)
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 165
Atta nodifer
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta nodifer

description: 14. Atta nodifer. B.M.
Worker minor. Length 1 1/4 line.-Rufo-testaceous, and entirely smooth and shining: the mandibles, antennae, articulations of the legs and the tarsi, pale testaceous; the thorax, nodes and base of the abdomen rather paler than the head; the thorax narrowed behind, and deeply strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter having two minute acute spines; the antennae and legs pubescent, and a few longer hairs thinly scattered over the head, thorax and abdomen; the first node of the petiole small and subconical, the second as wide as the metathorax, and globose.
Hab. North China.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 165
Atta testaceo-pilosa
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta testaceo-Pilosa

description: 15. Atta testaceo-pilosa. Pl. IX. figs. 25, 26.
Myrmica testaceo-pilosa, Lucas, Explo. Sc. de l' Alger, iii. 300.
Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 86. 12.
Aphenogaster similis, Mayr. Form. Austr. 194. 1.
Hab. Algeria; Sicily; Austria; Dalmatia; Sardinia.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 165
Titanattus paganus Chickering 1946
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus paganus

description: Titanattus paganus Chickering, 1946
Titanattus paganus Chickering, 1946: 385 (female holotype from Canal Zone Forest Reserve [9.069744°N, 79.659172°W], Panama, deposited in MCZ, not examined); World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis and description. See Chickering (1946).
Distribution. Known only from Panama (Chickering 1946; World Spider Catalog 2017).
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Simulium (Simulium) hirtinervis Edwards 1928
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium hirtinervis

description: Simulium (Simulium) hirtinervis Edwards, 1928
Simulium (Simulium) hirtinervis Edwards, 1928: 63 –64 (Female): Takaoka and Davies, 1995: 115 –120 (Female, male, pupa and larva).
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Vietnam (Ha Tay and Hoa Binh).
Remarks. This species was originally described from Peninsular Malaysia based on females by Edwards (1928) and later its female was redescribed and its male, pupa and larva were described by Takaoka and Davies (1995). This species was recorded from Vietnam by Pham (1998).
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Atta scalpturata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta scalpturata

description: 16. Atta scalpturata.
Myrmica scalpturata, Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 83. S.
Hab. Algeria. (Coll. Dr. Sichel.)
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 165
Simulium (Simulium) lacduongense Takaoka
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium lacduongense

description: Simulium (Simulium) lacduongense Takaoka & Ya’cob, 2015
Simulium (Simulium) lacduongense Takaoka & Ya’cob (in Takaoka et al., 2015a): 60–67 (Female, male, pupa and larva).
Distribution. Vietnam (Lam Dong).
Remark. This species was described from Lam Dong Province, Vietnam (Takaoka et al. 2015a).
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Titanattus novarai Caporiacco 1955
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus novarai

description: Titanattus novarai Caporiacco, 1955
Titanattus novarai Caporiacco, 1955: 424 (male holotype from Distrito Federal, El Junquito [10.478854°N, 67.082205°W], Venezuela, deposited in MUCV 821, examined); Ruiz & Brescovit 2005; World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis and description. See Ruiz & Brescovit (2005).
Distribution. Known only from Venezuela (Ruiz & Brescovit 2005; World Spider Catalog 2017). Note. Titanattus novarai Caporiacco, 1955 (unknown female) can be recognized using illustrations of Ruiz & Brescovit (2005: figs 20‒22). The type is poorly preserved, possibly because it has dried out several times through the years.
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Titanattus cretatus Chickering 1946
Creators: name: Bustamante, Abel A.
name: Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Titanattus
Titanattus cretatus

description: Titanattus cretatus Chickering, 1946
Titanattus cretatus Chickering, 1946: 383 (female holotype from Canal Zone Biological Area [Barro Colorado Island] [9.152102°N, 79.846480°W], Panama, deposited in MCZ, not examined); World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis and description. See Chickering (1946).
Distribution. Known only from Panama (Chickering 1946; World Spider Catalog 2017).
description: Published as part of Bustamante, Abel A. & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Systematics of Thiodinini (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species, pp. 301-347 in Zootaxa 4362 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1094882
Atta hostilis
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta hostilis

description: 17. Atta hostilis. B.M.
Worker. Length 1 1/2 line.-Ferruginous, with the abdomen fuscous, or sometimes black; the thorax, legs and antennae paler than the head, slightly pubescent. Head enormously large, shining, deeply emarginate behind, with a central longitudinal channel, the face striated anteriorly; the mandibles very stout, their inner margin not toothed. Thorax rounded in front, narrowed behind, and deeply strangulated between the meso- and metathorax, the latter with two minute acute spines. Abdomen ovate.
Female. Length 3 1/4 lines.-Fusco-ferruginous and shining: the head ferruginous and longitudinally striated; the legs and antennal pale; wings subhyaline and iridescent, the nervures pale testaceous, the metathorax with two short acute spines.
Hab. Port Natal.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 165-166
Simulium (Simulium) laui Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun 2015
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium laui

description: Simulium (Simulium) laui Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2015
Simulium (Simulium) laui Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2015 (in Takaoka et al., 2015a): 67–74 (Female, male, pupa and larva).
Distribution. Vietnam (Lam Dong).
Remarks. Simulium (S.) laui was described from Lam Dong Province, Vietnam (Takaoka et al. 2015a). This species is similar to S. (S.) lacduongense although it is distinguished from the latter by the bare basal portion of the female radial vein (Takaoka et al. 2015a).
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Atta spinoda
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta spinoda

description: 18. Atta spinoda. B.M.
Female. Length 4 lines.-Black and shining, with the antennae, mandibles, legs, bead and thorax beneath, ferruginous; the vertex and the nodes of the peduncle obscure ferruginous; the head longitudinally striated. Thorax impunctate; the metathorax transversely striated, and armed with two short stout acute spines. Abdomen elongate, with the apical margins of the segments more or less rufo-piceous; the second node of the peduncle produced on each side into a short acute spine.
Hab. Australia (Adelaide).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 166
Simulium (Simulium) malayense Takaoka & Davies 1995
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium malayense

description: Simulium (Simulium) malayense Takaoka & Davies, 1995
Simulium (Simulium) malayense Takaoka & Davies, 1995: 120 –123 (Female, pupa and larva).
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (Bac Thai, Hoa Binh and Ha Tay).
Remark. This species was originally described from Peninsular Malaysia by Takaoka and Davies (1995) and later recorded from three provinces in northernVietnam by Pham (1998, 1999).
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Atta vigilans
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta vigilans

description: 19. Atta vigilans. B.M.
Worker. Length 2 lines.-Ferruginous, with the abdomen fuscous, and its base more or less pale. Head very largely developed, oblong, with a deep emargination behind, and a central longitudinal channel extending to the clypeus; the posterior half of the head, the clypeus and mandibles, smooth and shining, the latter with a few scattered punctures; the anterior margin of the face and the inner margin of the mandibles blackish; the anterior half of the face striated. Thorax smooth and shining; a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax, the latter with two short acute spines. Abdomen ovate and slightly pubescent.
Hab. Australia (Melbourne).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 166
Simulium (Simulium) nodosum Puri 1933
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium nodosum

description: Simulium (Simulium) nodosum Puri, 1933
Simulium (Simulium) nodosum Puri. 1933b: 813 –817 (Female, pupa and larva); Lewis, 1974: 34 –37 (Female, male, pupa and larva).
Specimens examined. Two males (reared from pupae) and five mature larvae, collected from a slow-flowing stream (width 1.5–3.0 m, depth 10–15 cm, bottom sandy, water temperature 18.0˚C, exposed to the sun, elevation 73 m, 19˚30’45.497”N/105˚09’09.261”E), Chau Dinh, Quy Chau, Nghe An Province, northern Vietnam, 11-XII- 2015, by H. Takaoka, M. Sofian-Azirun, C.D. Chen & K.W. Lau.
Distribution. India, Thailand, Taiwan, South China, Vietnam (Ha Tay, Hoa Binh, Vinh Phuc, Lam Dong and Nghe An).
Remarks. Simulium (S.) nodosum was originally described by Puri (1933b) and redescribed by Lewis (1974). It was recorded from Vietnam by Crosskey and Howard (1997) and Pham (1998). The females of this species were reported to be a human-biter and to transmit an Onchocerca species in Thailand (Takaoka et al. 2003).
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Simulium (Simulium) chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki 1984
Creators: name: Takaoka, Hiroyuki
name: Sofian-Azirun, Mohd
name: Ya'Cob, Zubaidah
name: Chen, Chee Dhang
name: Lau, Koon Weng
name: Low, Van Lun
name: Pham, Xuan Da
name: Adler, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium chiangmaiense

description: Simulium (Simulium) chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki, 1984
Simulium (Simulium) chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki, 1984: 38 –39 (Female, male and pupa).
Distribution. Thailand, China (Hainan) and Vietnam (Lang Son).
Remarks. Simulium (S.) chiangmaiense was originally described from Thailand (Takaoka and Suzuki 1984). It was recorded from Lang Son Province in northern Vietnam by Pham (1999).
description: Published as part of Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H., 2017, The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam, pp. 1-165 in Zootaxa 4261 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608
Atta antipodum
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Atta
Atta antipodum

description: 20. Atta antipodum. B.M.
Female. Length 6 lines.-Black and shining: head small, much narrower than the thorax, roughly punctured, running into striae on the anterior portion of the face; the mandibles stout and strongly punctured; the flagellum and legs ferruginous. Thorax ovate, finely and sparingly punctured; the first node emarginate above, the second transverse; wings ample, subhyaline, yellowish at their base, the nervures pale rufo-testaceous, the stigma fuscous. Abdomen oblong, with the margins of the segments slightly depressed, and thinly sprinkled, as well as the head, thorax and legs, with short pale glittering hairs.
Hab. Australia (Swan River).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 166-167