cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Convergence of a cell-centered finite volume discretization for linear elasticity
Creators: name: Nordbotten, Jan Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show convergence of a cell-centered finite volume discretization for linear elasticity. The discretization, termed the MPSA method, was recently proposed in the context of geological applications, where cell-centered variables are often preferred. Our analysis utilizes a hybrid variational formulation, which has previously been used to analyze finite volume discretizations for the scalar diffusion equation. The current analysis deviates significantly from previous in three respects. First, additional stabilization leads to a more complex saddle-point problem. Secondly, a discrete Korn's inequality has to be established for the global discretization. Finally, robustness with respect to the Poisson ratio is analyzed. The stability and convergence results presented herein provide the first rigorous justification of the applicability of cell-centered finite volume methods to problems in linear elasticity.
D5.5 HYPERION resilience framework
Creators: name: Tsarpalis, Dimitrios
name: Kazantzi, Athanasia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Deliverable D5.5, namely “HYPERION resilience framework”, documents the work undertaken in Task 5.5 “Socioeconomic, Community and Organizational Resilience Framework/Engine”. A socioeconomic model of the residents and visitors (i.e., users), the local economy (i.e., production and consumption of goods, services and small businesses), and the local governance is generated, offering a hierarchical model for the functions of a core community related to a Cultural Heritage (CH) site. Initially, a comprehensive literature review is undertaken on aspects that are relevant to the resilience of a system as well as on the existing state-of-the art methodologies to simulate the community restoration process in the aftermath of a catastrophic Climate Change (CC) or non-CC aggravated adverse event. Owing to the above, the proposed model employs a combination of such macro/microeconomic approaches to quantify the indirect losses of a disaster by considering disruptions in the supply and in the demand chain. In particular, the individual local businesses operating in an area related to a CH site are aggregated into several compact business sectors. The annual Gross Value Added (GVA) of each sector is obtained by exploiting already available national/regional economic data. The performance of each sector at a given time following the occurrence of a catastrophic event is assessed by means of three indices: (a) the infrastructure, (b) the input, and (c) the output index. The infrastructure index measures the reduced production capacity of a business sector due to facility and lifeline disruptions, while the input index is used to account for supply outages. Finally, the output index is introduced to account for the propagating reduction of the demand during the post-event recovery phase, a condition that is likely to lead into severe economic losses even if for businesses that remain fully functional in terms of indices (a) and (b). To propagate failures in the supply chain, the developed methodology introduces the Vendor Dependence Tables (VDTs) that are routinely used in the Business Continuity (BC) practice, while the cascading demand disruptions are treated via an Input-Output Table (IOT) approach. The proposed model is also designed to accommodate the salient socioeconomic characteristics of a CH community, by giving heed to effects such as the adaptive behavior of the site visitors and the occurrence of an adverse event during a high or a low season. The methodology is verified on the basis of several hypothetical disaster scenarios that are likely to affect simple economic systems. The outcomes of the aforementioned validation studies are then exploited to eventually develop the socioeconomic model of a complex CH community.
title: EEG-based classification of visual and auditory monitoring tasks
Creators: name: Bagheri, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Using EEG signals for mental workload detection has received particular attention in passive BCI research aimed at increasing safety and performance in high-risk and safety-critical occupations, like pilots and air traffic controllers. Along with detecting the level of mental workload, it has been suggested that being able to automatically detect the type of mental workload (e.g., auditory, visual, motor, cognitive) would also be useful. In this work, a novel experimental protocol was developed in which subjects performed a task involving one of two different types of mental workload (specifically, auditory and visual), each under two different levels of task demand (easy and difficult). The tasks were designed to be nearly identical in terms of visual and auditory stimuli, and differed only in the type of stimuli the subject was monitoring/attending to. EEG power spectral features were extracted and used to train linear and non-linear classifiers. Preliminary results on six subjects suggested that the auditory and visual tasks could be distinguished from one another, and individually from a baseline condition (which also contained nearly identical stimuli that the subject did not need to attend to at all), with accuracy significantly exceeding chance. This was true when classification was done within a workload level, and when data from the two workload levels were combined. Preliminary results also showed that tasks with easy and difficult trials could be distinguished from one another, each within a sensory domain (auditory and visual) as well as with both domains combined. Though further investigation is required, these preliminary results are promising, and suggest the feasibility of a passive BCI for detecting both type and level of mental workload.
(500850) Henrietta Eldridge
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Leadership Development to Advance Health Equity: An Equity-Centered Leadership Framework
Creators: name: Corbie-Smith, Giselle
name: Brandert, Kathleen
name: Fernandez, Claudia S. P.
name: Noble, Cheryl
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Enduring questions about equity are front and center at this watershed moment in health care and public health. Inequities that became evident in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 have highlighted long-standing disparities in health by race and ethnicity. Current crises require examining and reorienting the systems that have, for decades, produced these health inequities; yet, public health and health care leaders are inadequately prepared to respond. The authors offer an equity-centered leadership framework to support the development of visionary leaders for tomorrow. This framework for leadership development programs interweaves traditional leadership and equity, diversity, and inclusion domains in both conceptual knowledge and skills-based teaching for health care and public health leaders, grouping competencies and skills into four domains: personal, interpersonal, organizational, and community and systems. A framework such as this will equip leaders with the mindset and skillset to challenge the paradigms that lead to inequity and health disparities.
Classical versus quantum completeness
Creators: name: Hofmann, Stefan
name: Schneider, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The notion of quantum-mechanical completeness is adapted to situations where the only adequate description is in terms of quantum field theory in curved space-times. It is then shown that Schwarzschild black holes, although geodesically incomplete, are quantum complete.
description: 5 pages
Selective endocytosis controls slit diaphragm maintenance and dynamics in Drosophila nephrocytes
Creators: name: Walz, Gerd
name: Spracklen, Andrew
name: Heinkele, Helena
name: Gerstner, Lea
name: Köttgen, Michael
name: Hermle, Tobias
name: Kayser, Severine
name: Helmstädter, Martin
name: Milosavljevic, Julian
name: Chen, Mengmeng
name: Lang, Konrad
name: Poulton, John
name: Spitz, Dominik
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The kidneys generate about 180 liters of primary urine per day by filtration of plasma. An essential part of the filtration barrier is the slit diaphragm, a multiprotein complex containing nephrin as major component. Filter dysfunction typically manifests with proteinuria and mutations in endocytosis regulating genes were discovered as causes of proteinuria. However, it is unclear how endocytosis regulates the slit diaphragm and how the filtration barrier is maintained without either protein leakage or filter clogging. Here we study nephrin dynamics in podocyte-like nephrocytes of Drosophila and show that selective endocytosis either by dynamin- or flotillin-mediated pathways regulates a stable yet highly dynamic architecture. Short-term manipulation of endocytic functions indicates that dynamin-mediated endocytosis of ectopic nephrin restricts slit diaphragm formation spatially while flotillin-mediated turnover of nephrin within the slit diaphragm is needed to maintain filter permeability by shedding of molecules bound to nephrin in endosomes. Since slit diaphragms cannot be studied in vitro and are poorly accessible in mouse models, this is the first analysis of their dynamics within the slit diaphragm multiprotein complex. Identification of the mechanisms of slit diaphragm maintenance will help to develop novel therapies for proteinuric renal diseases that are frequently limited to symptomatic treatment.
Physical health of individuals with psychosis – a mixed method study
Creators: name: Pemovska, Tamara
name: Jovanović, Nikolina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: People with psychosis have poorer physical health than the general population and this aspect of care delivery has largely been neglected. The IMPULSE trial (ISRCTN 11913964) investigated a psychosocial intervention prompting people with psychosis to discuss their physical health concerns with mental health clinicians. This mixed-method study explored a series of clinical meetings over 6 months to understand how physical health is discussed, what actions are taken, and if these translated into benefits for the participating individuals with psychosis. 221 individuals with psychosis were included, attending 847 clinical meetings over 6 months. Results show that, when prompted, most participants (54%) took up the opportunity to discuss their physical health at least once. These individuals were keen to make changes such as adopt healthy diet, stop smoking, lose weight, etc. Despite taking steps to achieve these goals, after 6 months no improvement was detected in subjective satisfaction with physical health, severity of physical health problems or satisfaction with services. Adopting healthier lifestyle behaviours is difficult even in motivated individuals. Future research is needed to determine innovative approaches to promote lifestyle change in individuals with psychosis.
Horava Gravity with Mixed Derivative Terms: Power-Counting Renormalizability with Lower-Order Dispersions
Creators: name: Colombo, Mattia
name: Gumrukcuoglu, A. Emir
name: Sotiriou, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued that Horava gravity needs to be extended to include terms that mix spatial and time derivatives in order avoid unacceptable violations of Lorentz invariance in the matter sector. In an earlier paper we have shown that including such mixed derivative terms generically leads to 4th instead of 6th order dispersion relations and this could be (naively) interpreted as a threat to renormalizability. We have also argued that power-counting renormalizability is not actually compromised, but instead the simplest power-counting renormalizable model is not unitary. In this paper we consider the Lifshitz scalar as a toy theory and we generalize our analysis to include higher order operators. We show that models which are power-counting renormalizable and unitary do exist. Our results suggest the existence of a new class of theories that can be thought of as Horava gravity with mixed derivative terms.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. v3: Published version
Type-II super-Backlund transformation and integrable defects for the N=1 super sinh-Gordon model
Creators: name: Aguirre, A. R.
name: Gomes, J. F.
name: Spano, N. I.
name: Zimerman, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new super-Backlund transformation for the N=1 supersymmetric sinh-Gordon equation is constructed. Based on this construction we propose a type-II integrable defect for the supersymmetric sinh-Gordon model consistent with this new transformation through the Lagrangian formalism. Explicit expressions for the modified conserved energy, momentum and supercharges are also computed. In addition, we show for the model that the type-II defect can also been regarded as a pair of fused defects of a previously introduced type. The explicit derivation of the associated defect matrices is also presented as a necessary condition for the integrability of the model.
description: Latex 31 pages. Version accepted for publication
Reflections on Visualization in Motion for Fitness Trackers
Creators: name: Islam, Alaul
name: Yao, Lijie
name: Bezerianos, Anastasia
name: Blascheck, Tanja
name: He, Tingying
name: Lee, Bongshin
name: Vuillemot, Romain
name: Isenberg, Petra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we reflect on our past work towards understanding how to design visualizations for fitness trackers that are used in motion. We have coined the term "visualization in motion" for visualizations that are used in the presence of relative motion between a viewer and the visualization. Here, we describe how visualization in motion is relevant to sports scenarios. We also provide new data on current smartwatch visualizations for sports and discuss future challenges for visualizations in motion for fitness tracker.
(500841) Russell Pontifex
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Übersetzung in Türkisch: Multimedikation. Nehme ich zu viele Medikamente ein?
Creators: name: Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Publisher: name: Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Kurzinformation für Patienten
(500845) Elizabeth Walkden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Critical core mass for enriched envelopes: the role of H2O condensation
Creators: name: Venturini, J.
name: Alibert, Y.
name: Benz, W.
name: Ikoma, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Within the core accretion scenario of planetary formation, most simulations performed so far always assume the accreting envelope to have a solar composition. From the study of meteorite showers on Earth and numerical simulations, we know that planetesimals must undergo thermal ablation and disruption when crossing a protoplanetary envelope. Once the protoplanet has acquired an atmosphere, the primordial envelope gets enriched in volatiles and silicates from the planetesimals. This change of envelope composition during the formation can have a significant effect in the final atmospheric composition and on the formation timescale of giant planets. Aims. To investigate the physical implications of considering the envelope enrichment of protoplanets due to the disruption of icy planetesimals during their way to the core. Particular focus is placed on the effect on the critical core mass for envelopes where condensation of water can occur. Methods. Internal structure models are numerically solved with the implementation of updated opacities for all ranges of metallicities and the software CEA to compute the equation of state. CEA computes the chemical equilibrium for an arbitrary mixture of gases and allows the condensation of some species, including water. This means that the latent heat of phase transitions is consistently incorporated in the total energy budget. Results. The critical core mass is found to decrease significantly when an enriched envelope composition is considered in the internal structure equations. A particular strong reduction of the critical core mass is obtained for planets whose envelope metallicity is larger than Z=0.45 when the outer boundary conditions are suitable for condensation of water to occur in the top layers of the atmosphere. We show that this effect is qualitatively preserved when the atmosphere is out of chemical equilibrium.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
(500846) Fanny Brown
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Übersetzung in Spanisch: Multimedikation. Nehme ich zu viele Medikamente ein?
Creators: name: Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Publisher: name: Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Kurzinformation für Patienten
Evaporation of grain-surface species by shock waves in proto-planetary disk
Creators: name: Aota, Takuhiro
name: Inoue, Tsuyoshi
name: Aikawa, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) observations of young protostellar objects detected warm SO emission, which could be associated with a forming protostellar disk. In order to investigate if such warm gas can be produced by accretion shock onto the forming disk, we calculate the sputtering and thermal desorption of various grain surface species in one dimensional shock waves. We find that thermal desorption is much more efficient than the sputtering in the post-shock region. While H$_{2}$O can be thermally desorbed, if the accretion velocity is larger than 8 km s$^{-1}$ with the pre-shock gas number density of 10$^{9}$ cm$^{-3}$, SO is desorbed, if the accretion velocity $\gtrsim$ 2 km s$^{-1}$ and $\gtrsim$ 4km s$^{-1}$, with the pre-shock density of 10$^{9}$ cm$^{-3}$ and 10$^{8}$ cm$^{-3}$, respectively. We also find that the column density of hydrogen nuclei in warm post-shock gas is $N_{\rm warm} \sim 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Innovations in community-based mental health care: an overview of meta-analyses
Creators: name: Carrà, Giuseppe
name: Bartoli, Francesco
name: Capogrosso, Chiara A.
name: Cioni, Riccardo M.
name: Moretti, Federico
name: Piacenti, Susanna
name: Riboldi, Ilaria
name: Crocamo, Cristina
name: Bebbington, Paul E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: In the last four decades, mental health services for people with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) have seen asylums replaced by a balanced model of Community Mental Healthcare (CMH). Innovative approaches and strategies in the field of CMH have been extensively researched. However, this research has been hampered by issues limiting their capacity to inform clinicians and policymakers. We conducted an overview of meta-analyses of the effectiveness of innovative CMH models focussing on clinical and psychosocial outcomes in comparisons with standard care in adults with SMI. Based on the 12 eligible studies, we appraised, synthesised and graded the resulting evidence. There was moderate quality evidence that case management, Early Intervention Services (EIS) and caregiver-directed interventions were superior to standard care in reducing hospital admission. In relation to psychosocial outcomes, EIS showed high quality evidence of a small effect on global functioning. There was moderate quality evidence for a similar effect of Intensive Case Management, and for a large effect of family intervention. For quality of life, both EIS and self-management education had a small effect, with moderate quality. The level of research about effective CMH models is therefore substantial. However, several gaps related to innovative CMH not yet covered in meta‐analytic synthesis, need to be filled.
D6.3 Methodology for routine CH monitoring with multi-type remote sensing
Creators: name: V. Karathanassi
name: A. Georgopoulos
name: P. Kolokoussis
name: M. Skamantzari
name: Kl. Karamvassis
name: V. Kristollari
name: Mazzoli, Claudio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The deliverable 6.3 focuses on the description of methods and tools that have been developed for the routine monitoring of the CH assets and broad areas as well, in the framework of the HYPERION project. The developed methods, apart from those related to deterioration mapping and material loss estimation, were applied on all the pilot sites (city of Rhodes, Granada, Venice and Tønsberg) and CH assets, and their products serve as reference data for the vulnerability models and post disaster damage assessment. In chapter 2, satellite remote sensing methods developed within the HYPERION project are documented. Advanced methodologies using PS and SBAS functionalities on Sentinel-1 time-series satellite data have been developed for producing long-term ground deformation maps. Additionally, several Convolutional Neural Network architectures have been applied on very high-resolution Quickbird and WV2/3 images and evaluated for their ability to produce reliable land cover change detection maps with emphasis on the increase of the impervious materials. In chapter 3, 3D modelling methods and analysis techniques were explored for the CH assets of the four pilot sites. Data acquired by cameras mounted on drones and mobile laser scanners have been used for the 3D representation of the CH assets. The produced point clouds, light models, texture models and sections provide a detailed 3D documentation for the assets and serve as input data for the SG simulator that is developed within the HYPERION project. Additionally, they serve as the basis for material loss estimation and will be used as reference data for creating 4D representations of important infrastructures over different time instances and detect structural deformations and other types of alterations. Finally, in chapter 4, an integrated methodology based on 3D models and hyperspectral data has been developed for providing deterioration and material loss maps. Data acquired by mobile hyperspectral sensors were used in order to build a Spectral Library for the CH asset materials, identify their deviations from normal situations and produce deterioration maps. SAGA-GIS functionalities have been used to provide material loss maps. Additionally, deep learning methods have been used to detect flaws and defects such as cracks on the infrastructure by analysing the data received.
(500847) John Walkden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network for Dynamic Functional MRI Analysis and Brain Disease Identification
Creators: name: Ding, Xintao
name: Bian, Weixin
name: Lin, Kai
name: Jie, Biao
name: Liu, Mingxia
name: Dong, Peng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) networks derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) help us understand fundamental dynamic characteristics of human brains, thereby providing an efficient solution for automated identification of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage. Existing studies have applied deep learning methods to dFC network analysis and achieved good performance compared with traditional machine learning methods. However, they seldom take advantage of sequential information conveyed in dFC networks that could be informative to improve the diagnosis performance. In this paper, we propose a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) for automated brain disease classification with rs-fMRI data. Specifically, we first construct dFC networks from rs-fMRI data using a sliding window strategy. Then, we employ three convolutional layers and long short-term memory (LSTM) layer to extract high-level features of dFC networks and also preserve the sequential information of extracted features, followed by three fully connected layers for brain disease classification. Experimental results on 174 subjects with 563 rs-fMRI scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in binary and multi-category classification tasks.
Geometric partial differentiability on manifolds: the tangential derivative and the chain rule
Creators: name: Convent, Alexandra
name: Van Schaftingen, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26B05, 26B35, 58C20

description: We define the tangential derivative, a notion of directional derivative which is invariant under diffeomorphisms. In particular this derivative is invariant under changes of chart and is thus well-defined for functions defined on a differentiable manifold. This notion is weaker than the classical directional derivative in general and equivalent to the latter for Lipschitz continuous functions. We characterize also the pairs of tangentially differentiable functions for which the chain rule holds.
description: 9 pages
Effects of Lorentz Symmetry Violation in the Spectra of Rare-Earth Ions in a Crystal Field
Creators: name: Harabati, C.
name: Dzuba, V. A.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Hohensee, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that experiments measuring the transition energies of rare-earth ions doped in crystalline lattices are sensitive to violations of Local Lorentz Invariance and Einstein's Equivalence Principle. Using the crystal field of LaCl$_{3}$ as an example, we calculate the frame-dependent energy shifts of the transition frequencies between low-lying states of Ce$^{3+}$, Nd$^{3+}$, and Er$^{3+}$ dopants in the context of the Standard Model Extension, and show that they have high sensitivity to electron anomalies that break rotational invariance.
description: 7 pages, including supplement. Added discussion of magnetic fields
Impact of a phage cocktail targeting Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis as members of a gut bacterial consortium in vitro and in vivo
Creators: name: Sartor, R. Balfour
name: Colom, Joan
name: Shkoporov, Andrey
name: Hill, Colin
name: Bettio, Pedro H.
name: Murray, Ellen
name: Sutton, Tom
name: Buttimer, Colin
name: Bolocan, Andrei S.
name: Ross, R. Paul
name: Herzog, Jeremy W.
name: Liu, Bo
name: Draper, Lorraine A.
name: Oka, Akihiko
name: Smith, Linda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis have been implicated as important players in human gut health that have been associated with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been used for decades to target pathogens as an alternative to antibiotics, but the ability of phage to shape complex bacterial consortia in the lower gastrointestinal tract is not clearly understood. We administered a cocktail of six phages (either viable or heat-inactivated) targeting pro-inflammatory Escherichia coli LF82 and Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF as members of a defined community in both a continuous fermenter and a murine colitis model. The two target strains were members of a six species simplified human microbiome consortium (SIHUMI-6). In a 72-h continuous fermentation, the phage cocktail caused a 1.1 and 1.5 log (log10 genome copies/mL) reduction in E. faecalis and E. coli numbers, respectively. This interaction was accompanied by changes in the numbers of other SIHUMI-6 members, with an increase of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (1.7 log) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (1.8 log). However, in germ-free mice colonized by the same bacterial consortium, the same phage cocktail administered twice a week over nine weeks did not cause a significant reduction of the target strains. Mice treated with active or inactive phage had similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-y/IL12p40) in unstimulated colorectal colonic strip cultures. However, histology scores of the murine lower GIT (cecum and distal colon) were lower in the viable phage-treated mice, suggesting that the phage cocktail did influence the functionality of the SIHUMI-6 consortium. For this study, we conclude that the observed potential of phages to reduce host populations in in vitro models did not translate to a similar outcome in an in vivo setting, with this effect likely brought about by the reduction of phage numbers during transit of the mouse GIT.
Contour Analysis Tool: an interactive tool for background and morphology analysis
Creators: name: Hutchison, Mark A.
name: Koepferl, Christine M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the Contour Analysis Tool (CAT), a Python toolkit aimed at identifying and analyzing structural elements in density maps. CAT employs various contouring techniques, including the lowest-closed contour (LCC), linear and logarithmic Otsu thresholding, and average gradient thresholding. These contours can aid in foreground and background segmentation, providing natural limits for both, as well as edge detection and structure identification. Additionally, CAT provides image processing methods such as smoothing, background removal, and image masking. The toolkit features an interactive suite of controls designed for Jupyter environments, enabling users to promptly visualize the effects of different methods and parameters. We describe, test, and demonstrate the performance of CAT, highlighting its potential use cases. CAT is publicly available on GitHub, promoting accessibility and collaboration.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: [Neue Nr. 6404] Beuren / Geologische Karte
title: Geologische Karte 1:25000
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: [Sheet No 6404]; Beuren; geological map
Creators: name: Grebe, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Kraatz, Berlin
Year: 1877

description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 024 0 - E 024 10 / N 049 36 - N 049 30
description: map
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
Public Interest in Population Genetic Screening for Cancer Risk
Creators: name: Saylor, Katherine W.
name: Henderson, Gail E.
name: Foss, Kimberly S.
name: Powell, Sabrina N.
name: Milko, Laura V.
name: Weck, Karen E.
name: Roberts, Megan C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: An emerging role for DNA sequencing is to identify people at risk for an inherited cancer syndrome in order to prevent or ameliorate the manifestation of symptoms. Two cancer syndromes, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Lynch Syndrome meet the “Tier 1” evidence threshold established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for routine testing of patients with a personal or family history of cancer. Advancements in genomic medicine have accelerated public health pilot programs for these highly medically actionable conditions. In this brief report, we provide descriptive statistics from a survey of 746 US respondents from a Qualtrics panel about the public’s awareness of genetic testing, interest in learning about their cancer risk, and likelihood of participating in a population genetic screening (PGS) test. Approximately of half the respondents were aware of genetic testing for inherited cancer risk (n = 377/745, 50.6%) and would choose to learn about their cancer risk (n-309/635, 48.7%). Characteristics of those interested in learning about their cancer risk differed by educational attainment, age, income, insurance status, having a primary care doctor, being aware of genetic testing, and likelihood of sharing information with family (p < 0.05). A sizeable majority of the respondents who were interested in about learning their cancer risk also said that they were likely to participate in a PGS test that involved a clinical appointment and blood draw, but no out-of-pocket cost (n = 255/309, 82.5%). Reasons for not wanting to participate included not finding test results interesting or important, concerns about costs, and feeling afraid to know the results. Overall, our results suggest that engaging and educating the general population about the benefits of learning about an inherited cancer predisposition may be an important strategy to address recruitment barriers to PGS.
The Higgs sector of the minimal SUSY $B-L$ model
Creators: name: Basso, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the Higgs sector of the $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). I will show that the gauge kinetic mixing plays a crucial role in the Higgs phenomenology. Two light bosons are present, a MSSM-like one and a $B-L$-like one, that mix at one loop solely due to the gauge mixing. After briefly looking at constraints from flavour observables, new decay channels involving right-handed (s)neutrinos are presented. Finally, it will be reviewed how model features pertaining to the gauge extension affect the model phenomenology, concerning the existence of R-Parity-conserving minima at loop level and the Higgs-to-diphoton coupling.
description: 10 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables. v2, to appear in "Supersymmetry beyond the NMSSM". Shortened model description, added a section concerning the R-parity conservation, typos corrected. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1112.4600 by other authors
(500838) Sarah Courtnall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
“When I Think of Black Girls, I Think of Opportunities”: Black Girls' Identity Development and the Protective Role of Parental Socialization in Educational Settings
Creators: name: McBride, Margarett
name: Cooper, Shauna M.
name: Burnett, Marketa
name: Green, McKenzie N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: While educational settings may be envisioned as safe spaces that facilitate learning, foster creativity, and promote healthy development for youth, research has found that this is not always true for Black girls. Their negative experiences within educational settings are both gendered and racialized, often communicating broader societal perceptions of Black girls that ultimately shape their identity development. Utilizing semi-structured interviews with adolescent Black girls (n = 12), the current investigation explored Black girls' educational experiences, their meaning making of Black girlhood, and the role of parents in their positive development. By centering Black girls' voices, this study illuminated how Black girls negotiate their multiple marginalized identities and how their identities are shaped by their home and school environments. Findings revealed that Black girls are aware of the difficulties in navigating educational settings for Black girls, but this awareness was coupled with parental support that promoted positive gendered racial identities for Black girls in middle school and high school. This investigation advanced current knowledge of Black girls' identity development and highlighted the protective role of parental socialization. Future research directions and implications are also discussed.
Spectral Map for Slow Collective Variables, Markovian Dynamics, and Transition State Ensembles
Creators: name: Rydzewski, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the behavior of complex molecular systems is a fundamental problem in physical chemistry. To describe the long-time dynamics of such systems, which is responsible for their most informative characteristics, we can identify a few slow collective variables (CVs) while treating the remaining fast variables as thermal noise. This enables us to simplify the dynamics and treat it as diffusion in a free-energy landscape spanned by slow CVs, effectively rendering the dynamics Markovian. Our recent statistical learning technique, spectral map [Rydzewski, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2023, 14, 22, 5216-5220], explores this strategy to learn slow CVs by maximizing a spectral gap of a transition matrix. In this work, we introduce several advancements into our framework, using a high-dimensional reversible folding process of a protein as an example. We implement an algorithm for coarse-graining Markov transition matrices to partition the reduced space of slow CVs kinetically and use it to define a transition state ensemble. We show that slow CVs learned by spectral map closely approach the Markovian limit for an overdamped diffusion. We demonstrate that coordinate-dependent diffusion coefficients only slightly affect the constructed free-energy landscapes. Finally, we present how spectral map can be used to quantify the importance of features and compare slow CVs with structural descriptors commonly used in protein folding. Overall, we demonstrate that a single slow CV learned by spectral map can be used as a physical reaction coordinate to capture essential characteristics of protein folding.
description: Accepted as part of J. Chem. Theory Comput. special issue "Machine Learning and Statistical Mechanics: Shared Synergies for Next Generation of Chemical Theory and Computation."
Cognition, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Methylation, and Abstinence Duration-Associated Multimodal Brain Networks in Smoking and Long-Term Smoking Cessation
Creators: name: Jiang, Rongtao
name: Fu, Zening
name: Vergara, Victor M.
name: Wu, Lei
name: Zhang, Daoqiang
name: Qi, Shile
name: Sui, Jing
name: Daughters, Stacey B.
name: Addicott, Merideth A.
name: Calhoun, Vince D.
name: Hsu, Ping-Ching
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are associated with changes in cognition and DNA methylation; however, the neurobiological correlates of these effects have not been fully elucidated, especially in long-term cessation. Cognitive performance, percent methylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene, and abstinence duration were used as references to supervise a multimodal fusion analysis of functional, structural, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, in order to identify associated brain networks in smokers and ex-smokers. Correlations among these networks and with smoking-related measures were performed. Cognition-, methylation-, and abstinence duration-associated networks discriminated between smokers and ex-smokers and correlated with differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) values, gray matter volume (GMV), and fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Long-term smoking cessation was associated with more accurate cognitive performance, as well as lower fALFF and more GMV in the hippocampus complex. The methylation- and abstinence duration-associated networks positively correlated with smoking-related measures of abstinence duration and percent methylation, respectively, suggesting they are complementary measures. This analysis revealed structural and functional co-alterations linked to smoking abstinence and cognitive performance in brain regions including the insula, frontal gyri, and lingual gyri. Furthermore, AHRR methylation, a promising epigenetic biomarker of smoking recency, may provide an important complement to self-reported abstinence duration.
(500839) Sarah Pontifex
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.