cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic cosmic optical background bound for decaying dark matter in light of the LORRI anomaly
Creators: name: Nakayama, Kazunori
name: Yin, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently anomalous flux in the cosmic optical background (COB) has been reported by the New Horizon observations. The COB flux is $16.37\pm 1.47\, \rm nW m^{-2} sr^{-1}$, at the LORRI pivot wavelength of $0.608\,\rm μm$, which is $\sim 4σ$ level above the expected flux from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) galaxy count. It would be great if this were a hint for the eV scale dark matter decaying into photons. In this paper, we point out that such a decaying dark matter model predicts a substantial amount of anisotropy in the COB flux, which is accurately measured by the HST. The data of the HST excludes the decay rate of the dominant cold dark matter larger than $10^{-24}$-$10^{-23}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$ in the mass range of $5$-$20$eV. As a result, the decaying cold dark matter explaining the COB excess is strongly disfavored by the anisotropy bound. We discuss some loopholes: e.g. warm/hot dark matter or two-step decay of the dark matter, to explain the COB excess.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; published version
Turbulent Heating in a Stratified Medium
Creators: name: Wang, Chaoran
name: Oh, S. Peng
name: Ruszkowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is considerable evidence for widespread subsonic turbulence in galaxy clusters, most notably from {\it Hitomi}. Turbulence is often invoked to offset radiative losses in cluster cores, both by direct dissipation and by enabling turbulent heat diffusion. However, in a stratified medium, buoyancy forces oppose radial motions, making turbulence anisotropic. This can be quantified via the Froude number ${\rm Fr}$, which decreases inward in clusters as stratification increases. We exploit analogies with MHD turbulence to show that wave-turbulence interactions increase cascade times and reduces dissipation rates $ε\propto {\rm Fr}$. Equivalently, for a given energy injection/dissipation rate $ε$, turbulent velocities $u$ must be higher compared to Kolmogorov scalings. High resolution hydrodynamic simulations show excellent agreement with the $ε\propto {\rm Fr}$ scaling, which sets in for ${\rm Fr} < 0.1$. We also compare previously predicted scalings for the turbulent diffusion coefficient $D \propto {\rm Fr}^2$ and find excellent agreement, for ${\rm Fr} < 1$. However, we find a different normalization, corresponding to stronger diffusive suppression by more than an order of magnitude. Our results imply that turbulent diffusion is more heavily suppressed by stratification, over a much wider radial range, than turbulent dissipation. Thus, the latter potentially dominates. Furthermore, this shift implies significantly higher turbulent velocities required to offset cooling, compared to previous models. These results are potentially relevant to turbulent metal diffusion (which is likewise suppressed), and to planetary atmospheres.
Detailed chemical abundances of stars in the outskirts of the Tucana II ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
Creators: name: Chiti, Anirudh
name: Frebel, Anna
name: Ji, Alexander P.
name: Mardini, Mohammad K.
name: Ou, Xiaowei
name: Simon, Joshua D.
name: Jerjen, Helmut
name: Kim, Dongwon
name: Norris, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present chemical abundances and velocities of five stars between 0.3 kpc to 1.1 kpc from the center of the Tucana II ultra-faint dwarf galaxy (UFD) from high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy. We find that every star is deficient in metals (-3.6 < [Fe/H] < -1.9) and in neutron-capture elements as is characteristic of UFD stars, unambiguously confirming their association with Tucana II. Other chemical abundances (e.g., C, iron-peak) largely follow UFD trends and suggest that faint core-collapse supernovae (SNe) dominated the early evolution of Tucana II. We see a downturn in [$α$/Fe] at [Fe/H] $\approx -2.8$, indicating the onset of Type Ia SN enrichment and somewhat extended chemical evolution. The most metal-rich star has strikingly low [Sc/Fe] = $-1.29 \pm 0.48$ and [Mn/Fe] = $-1.33 \pm 0.33$, implying significant enrichment by a sub-Chandrasekhar mass Type Ia SN. We do not detect a radial velocity gradient in Tucana II ($\text{d}v_{\text{helio}}/\text{d}θ_1=-2.6^{+3.0}_{-2.9}$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$) reflecting a lack of evidence for tidal disruption, and derive a dynamical mass of $M_{1/2} (r_h) = 1.6^{+1.1}_{-0.7}\times 10^6$ M$_{\odot}$. We revisit formation scenarios of the extended component of Tucana II in light of its stellar chemical abundances. We find no evidence that Tucana II had abnormally energetic SNe, suggesting that if SNe drove in-situ stellar halo formation then other UFDs should show similar such features. Although not a unique explanation, the decline in [$α$/Fe] is consistent with an early galactic merger triggering later star formation. Future observations may disentangle such formation channels of UFD outskirts.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables; published in the Astronomical Journal. Full version of Table 5 in source
MPEC 2023-O62 : 2023 OF1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OF1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Anisotropy of upper critical fields and interface superconductivity in FeSe/SrTiO3 grown by PLD
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tomoki
name: Nakagawa, Hiroki
name: Ogawa, Hiroki
name: Nabeshima, Fuyuki
name: Maeda, Atsutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we grow FeSe/SrTiO$_{3}$ with thicknesses of 4-19 nm using pulsed laser deposition and investigate their magneto-transport properties. The thinnest film (4 nm) exhibit negative Hall effect, indicating electron transfer into FeSe from the SrTiO$_{3}$ substrate. This is in agreement with reports on ultrathin FeSe/SrTiO$_{3}$ grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The upper critical field is found to exhibit large anisotropy ($γ>$ 11.9), estimated from the data near the transition temperature ($T_{\mathrm{c}}$). In particular, the estimated coherence lengths in the perpendicular direction are 0.15-0.27 nm, which are smaller than the c-axis length of FeSe, and are found to be almost independent of the total thicknesses of the films. These results indicate that superconductivity is confined at the interface of FeSe/SrTiO$_{3}$.
description: 5pages, 3figures
Kepler K2 and TESS observations of two magnetic cataclysmic variables: The new asynchronous polar SDSS J084617.11+245344.1 and Paloma
Creators: name: Littlefield, Colin
name: Hoard, D. W.
name: Garnavich, Peter
name: Szkody, Paula
name: Mason, Paul A.
name: Scaringi, Simone
name: Ilkiewicz, Krystian
name: Kennedy, Mark R.
name: Rappaport, Saul A.
name: Jayaraman, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been relatively few published long-duration, uninterrupted light curves of magnetic cataclysmic variable stars in which the accreting white dwarf's rotational frequency is slightly desynchronized from the binary orbital frequency (asynchronous polars). We report Kepler K2 and TESS observations of two such systems. The first, SDSS J084617.11+245344.1, was observed by the Kepler spacecraft for 80 days during Campaign 16 of the K2 mission, and we identify it as a new asynchronous polar with a likely 4.64 h orbital period. This is significantly longer than any other asynchronous polar, as well as all but several synchronous polars. Its spin and orbital periods beat against each other to produce a conspicuous 6.77 d beat period, across which the system's accretion geometry gradually changes. The second system in this study, Paloma, was observed by TESS for one sector and was already known to be asynchronous. Until now, there had been an ambiguity in its spin period, but the TESS power spectrum pinpoints a spin period of 2.27 h. During the resulting 0.7 d spin-orbit beat period, the light curve phased on the spin modulation alternates between being single- and double-humped. We explore two possible explanations for this behavior: the accretion flow being diverted from one of the poles for part of the beat cycle, or an eclipse of the emitting region responsible for the second hump.
description: Submitted to AJ and reviewed favorably. Comments are welcome
A Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Sliding Mode Control Design for Partially-known Nonlinear Systems
Creators: name: Mosharafian, Sahand
name: Afzali, Shirin
name: Bao, Yajie
name: Velni, Javad Mohammadpour
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Presence of model uncertainties creates challenges for model-based control design, and complexity of the control design is further exacerbated when coping with nonlinear systems. This paper presents a sliding mode control (SMC) design approach for nonlinear systems with partially known dynamics by blending data-driven and model-based approaches. First, an SMC is designed for the available (nominal) model of the nonlinear system. The closed-loop state trajectory of the available model is used to build the desired trajectory for the partially known nonlinear system states. Next, a deep policy gradient method is used to cope with unknown parts of the system dynamics and adjust the sliding mode control output to achieve a desired state trajectory. The performance (and viability) of the proposed design approach is finally examined through numerical examples.
description: Accepted for presentation and publication in the proceedings of the 2022 European Control Conference (ECC), July 12-15, 2022
Thermodynamics and quark condensates of three-flavor QCD at low temperature
Creators: name: Andersen, Jens O.
name: Yu, Qing
name: Zhou, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use three-flavor chiral perturbation theory ($χ$PT) to calculate the pressure, light and $s$-quark condensates of QCD in the confined phase at finite temperature to ${\cal O}(p^6)$ in the low-energy expansion. We also include electromagnetic effects to order $e^2$, where the electromagnetic coupling $e$ counts as order $p$. Our results for the pressure and the condensates suggest that $χ$PT converges very well for temperatures up to approximately 150 MeV. We combine $χ$PT and the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model by adding heavier baryons and mesons. Our results are compared with lattice simulations an d the agreement is very good for temperatures below {170} MeV, in contrast to the results from $χ$PT which agree with the lattice only up to $T\approx120$ MeV. Our value for the chiral crossover temperature is 160.1 MeV, which compares favorably to the lattice result of $157.3$ MeV.
description: 21 pages. 8 figures V2 matches published version in PRD
A perspective of "diversity creation" and "expandability"
Creators: name: Kashima, Akihiro
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: There has been a great accumulation of research on the uniform town planning philosophy since the 16th century in the Spanish colonies and now its impact on modern urban planning is an important contemporary aspect on this theme. The planning techniques of grid pattern for rational administrative management and missionary work were carefully literalized by the Laws of the Indies to create a large number of urban spaces with highly physical homogeneity. Symbolizing this planning philosophy is the Ordinances of the Philip II promulgated in 1573. However, almost no towns were built in perfect accordance with this code, and rather the process of real town construction and its transformation have been the subject of many researches. On the other hand, in view with the specific planning techniques described in the Ordinances of Philip II, there is some intentional operation that is difficult to explain clearly from the viewpoint of the planning philosophy of homogeneity. This paper is to review the Ordinances of Philip II as an accumulation of the concrete town planning techniques for the Spanish colonial town construction and to verify the perspective of "diversity creation" and "response to city extensibility".
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Category-Independent Articulated Object Tracking with Factor Graphs
Creators: name: Heppert, Nick
name: Migimatsu, Toki
name: Yi, Brent
name: Chen, Claire
name: Bohg, Jeannette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robots deployed in human-centric environments may need to manipulate a diverse range of articulated objects, such as doors, dishwashers, and cabinets. Articulated objects often come with unexpected articulation mechanisms that are inconsistent with categorical priors: for example, a drawer might rotate about a hinge joint instead of sliding open. We propose a category-independent framework for predicting the articulation models of unknown objects from sequences of RGB-D images. The prediction is performed by a two-step process: first, a visual perception module tracks object part poses from raw images, and second, a factor graph takes these poses and infers the articulation model including the current configuration between the parts as a 6D twist. We also propose a manipulation-oriented metric to evaluate predicted joint twists in terms of how well a compliant robot controller would be able to manipulate the articulated object given the predicted twist. We demonstrate that our visual perception and factor graph modules outperform baselines on simulated data and show the applicability of our factor graph on real world data.
description: V2: Camera-ready IROS 2022 version 11 pages, 10 figures, IROS 2022
Tongue protrusion as the presenting symptom of parapharyngeal abscess
Creators: name: Visclosky, Timothy
name: Tomlinson, Sarah
name: Bohm, Lauren
name: Hashikawa, Andrew
Publisher: name: McGraw‐Hill
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: deep neck space infections
subject: tongue protrusion
subject: pediatric emergency
subject: parapharyngeal abscess
subject: Emergency Medicine
subject: Health Sciences

description: Deep neck space infections are commonly seen in the pediatric population. The diagnosis, however, can be challenging to make and requires a high degree of suspicion because of developmental and age‐related factors in children and non‐specific presenting symptoms. Diagnosis becomes further complicated in patients whose comorbid conditions mask some of the more severe systemic symptoms. We present a case of a 2‐year‐old female with Trisomy 21 who presented with a chief concern of “tongue swelling” per parents. After initially failing treatment for presumed angioedema caused by an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, she was ultimately diagnosed with a parapharyngeal abscess with extension and mass effect causing tongue protrusion. This case represents a novel early presentation of a common infection and highlights the challenges of diagnosing deep neck space infections in children.
Bayesian D- and I-optimal designs for choice experiments involving mixtures and process variables
Creators: name: Becerra, Mario
name: Goos, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many food products involve mixtures of ingredients, where the mixtures can be expressed as combinations of ingredient proportions. In many cases, the quality and the consumer preference may also depend on the way in which the mixtures are processed. The processing is generally defined by the settings of one or more process variables. Experimental designs studying the joint impact of the mixture ingredient proportions and the settings of the process variables are called mixture-process variable experiments. In this article, we show how to combine mixture-process variable experiments and discrete choice experiments, to quantify and model consumer preferences for food products that can be viewed as processed mixtures. First, we describe the modeling of data from such combined experiments. Next, we describe how to generate D- and I-optimal designs for choice experiments involving mixtures and process variables, and we compare the two kinds of designs using two examples.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2108.01748
SSIM-Variation-Based Complexity Optimization for Versatile Video Coding
Creators: name: Lin, Jielian
name: Lin, Hongbin
name: Zhang, Zhichen
name: Xu, Yiwen
name: Zhao, Tiesong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To date, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) has a more magnificent overall performance than High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The Quadtree with Nested Multi-Type Tree (QTMT) coding block structure can substantially enhance video coding quality in VVC. However, the coding gain also leads to a greater coding complexity. Therefore, this letter proposes a Fast Decision Scheme Based on Structural Similarity Index Metric Variation (FDS-SSIMV) to solve this problem. Firstly, the Structural Similarity Index Metric Variation (SSIMV) characteristic among the sub coding units of the spit mode is illustrated. Next, to evaluate the SSIMV value, SSIMV measure strategies are designed for different split modes in this letter. Then, the desired split modes are selected by the SSIMV values. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 64.74\% average encoding Time Saving (TS) with a 2.79\% Bj$\varnothing$ntegaard Delta Bit Rate (BDBR), outperforming the benchmarks.
Epicyclic frequencies in the equatorial plane around stationary and axially symmetric wormhole geometries
Creators: name: De Falco, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Epicyclic frequencies are usually observed in X-ray binaries and constitute a powerful astrophysical mean to probe the strong gravitational field around a compact object. We consider them in the equatorial plane around a general stationary and axially symmetric wormhole. We first search for the wormholes' existence, distinguishing them from a Kerr black hole. Once there will be available observational data on wormholes, we present a strategy to reconstruct the related metrics. Finally, we discuss the implications of our approach and outline possible future perspectives.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 Tables; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Molecular environment of the thermal composite supernova remnant G352.7$-$0.1
Creators: name: Zhang, Qian-Qian
name: Zhou, Ping
name: Chen, Yang
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Zhong, Wen-Juan
name: Zhou, Xin
name: Zhang, Zhi-Yu
name: Vink, Jacco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) play an important role in our understanding of supernovae and their feedback on the interstellar environment. SNR G352.7$-$0.1 is special for its thermal composite morphology and double-ring structure. We have performed spectroscopic mapping in $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO $J=2$-1 lines toward G352.7$-$0.1 with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope. Broad $^{12}$CO lines are found in the northeastern ring at a local-standard-of-rest velocity range of $\sim-50$-$-30$ km s$^{-1}$, suggesting that the remnant is interacting with molecular clouds (MCs) at $\sim-51$ km s$^{-1}$. Thus, we adopt a distance of $\sim10.5$ kpc for this SNR. The momentum and kinetic energy of the shocked gas along the line of sight are estimated to be $\sim10^2{\rm M_{sun}}$ km s$^{-1}$ and $\sim10^{46}$ erg, respectively. We also find an expanding structure around the remnant, which is possibly related to the wind-blown bubble of the progenitor star. From the Fermi-LAT data in an energy range of 0.1-500 GeV, we find no gamma-ray counterparts of G352.7$-$0.1.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
What makes a successful rebuttal in computer science conferences? : A perspective on social interaction
Creators: name: Huang, Junjie
name: Huang, Win-bin
name: Bu, Yi
name: Cao, Qi
name: Shen, Huawei
name: Cheng, Xueqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With an exponential increase in submissions to top-tier Computer Science (CS) conferences, more and more conferences have introduced a rebuttal stage to the conference peer review process. The rebuttal stage can be modeled as social interactions between authors and reviewers. A successful rebuttal often results in an increased review score after the rebuttal stage. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to determine the factors contributing to a successful rebuttal using over 3,000 papers and 13,000 reviews from ICLR2022, one of the most prestigious computer science conferences. First, we observe a significant difference in review scores before and after the rebuttal stage, which is crucial for paper acceptance. Furthermore, we investigate factors from the reviewer's perspective using signed social network analysis. A notable finding is the increase in balanced network structure after the rebuttal stage. Subsequently, we evaluate several quantifiable author rebuttal strategies and their effects on review scores. These strategies can help authors in improving their review scores. Finally, we used machine learning models to predict rebuttal success and validated the impact of potential factors analyzed in this paper. Our experiments demonstrate that the utilization of all features proposed in this study can aid in predicting the success of the rebuttal. In summary, this work presents a study on the impact factors of successful rebuttals from both reviewers' and authors' perspectives and lays the foundation for analyzing rebuttals with social network analysis.
Understanding and suppressing backscatter in optical resonators
Creators: name: Jaffe, Matt
name: Palm, Lukas
name: Baum, Claire
name: Taneja, Lavanya
name: Kumar, Aishwarya
name: Simon, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical cavities have found widespread use in interfacing to quantum emitters. Concerns about backreflection and resulting loss, however, have largely prevented the placement of optics such as lenses or modulators within high-finesse cavities. In this work, we demonstrate a million-fold suppression of backreflections from lenses within a twisted optical cavity. We achieve this by quantitatively exploring backscatter in Fabry-Pérot resonators, separating the effect into three physical sectors: polarization, mode envelope and spatial mode profile. We describe the impact of each of these sectors, and demonstrate how to minimize backreflections within each. This culminates in measured effective reflectivities below the part-per-billion level for the fundamental mode. Additionally, we show that beams carrying orbital angular momentum experience up to $10^{4}$ times additional suppression, limited only by the density of states of other cavity modes. Applying these ideas to laser gyroscopes could strongly suppress lock-in, thereby improving sensitivity at low rotation rates.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Imagining a meshwork of urban nature
Creators: name: Su, Meng-Tsun
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The unbuilt project of Panhandle Freeway in San Francisco from the early 1960s is a unique case in the politics of design during the heyday of urban renewal in the United States in the early 1960s. The close collaboration between highway engineers and landscape architect Lawrence Halprin on this project also exemplifies cross-disciplinary thinking in redefining natural processes in the city. While Halprin emphasized the visual and visceral experience of moving through the highways integrated with parks and residential apartments, the civic function of urban freeway clashed with the local communities that would be displaced by the construction. The aesthetics of mobility eulogized a regional vision shared by Halprin and his friends informed their active involvement with the infrastructural design of the Bay Area. It presents an alternative to the criticism of the urban renewal of the 1960s. Nevertheless, the residents worked with the city council on the successful revolt against Panhandle Freeway, and none of the alternative routes was constructed, leaving the gap between southern San Francisco and Golden Gate Bridge to local traffic. While some critics see Halprin’s freeway design as an ameliorative disguise, his schemes open up a dialogue between social and aesthetic aspects of the mobility. In doing so, his interweaving of urban ecology and infrastructure marked the evolution of scenic parkways to urban freeway in landscape architectural practices. The lesson of Panhandle Freeway is not only a matter of coexistence, it also foreshadowed the open-ended methodology in planning and design.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Comprehensive study of mass ejection and nucleosynthesis in binary neutron star mergers leaving short-lived massive neutron stars
Creators: name: Fujibayashi, Sho
name: Kiuchi, Kenta
name: Wanajo, Shinya
name: Kyutoku, Koutarou
name: Sekiguchi, Yuichiro
name: Shibata, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By performing general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations with an approximate neutrino-radiation transfer, the properties of ejecta in dynamical and post-merger phases are investigated for the cases in which the remnant massive neutron star collapses into a black hole in $\lesssim 20$ ms after the onset of the merger. The dynamical mass ejection is investigated in three-dimensional simulations. The post-merger mass ejection is investigated in two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations with viscosity using the three-dimensional post-merger systems as the initial conditions. We show that the typical neutron-richness of the dynamical ejecta is higher for the merger of more asymmetric binaries; hence, heavier $r$-process nuclei are dominantly synthesized. The post-merger ejecta are shown to have only a mild neutron-richness, which results in the production of lighter $r$-process nuclei, irrespective of binary mass ratios. Because of the larger disk mass, the post-merger ejecta mass is larger for more asymmetric binary mergers. Thus, the post-merger ejecta can compensate for the underproduced lighter $r$-process nuclei for asymmetric merger cases. As a result, by summing up both ejecta components, the solar residual $r$-process pattern is reproduced within the average deviation of a factor of three, irrespective of the binary mass ratio. Our result also indicates that the (about a factor of a few) light-to-heavy abundance scatter observed in $r$-process-enhanced stars can be attributed to variation in the binary mass ratio and total mass. Implications of our results associated with the mass distribution of compact neutron star binaries and the magnetar scenario of short gamma-ray bursts are discussed.
description: 17 pages with appendices, 16 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
In2Value 2
Creators: name: Wieschowski, Susanne
name: Strech, Daniel
name: Riedel, Nico
name: Kahrass, Hannes
name: Bruckner, Till
name: Holst, Martin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences

description: The overall objective of “In2Value” is to analyze the extent of how institutions contribute to increasing value and reducing waste in biomedical research. There are different and complementary ways for how institutions can contribute. In this project we investigate for each German medical faculty the proportion of registered clinical trials that got published, also in comparison to our first In2Value study to assess whether registration and publication practices have changed over time.
Dynamics of orbital degrees of freedom probed via isotope $^{121,123}$ Sb nuclear quadrupole moments in Sb-substituted iron-pnictide superconductors
Creators: name: Kouchi, T.
name: Yoshinaga, K.
name: Asano, T.
name: Nishioka, S.
name: Yashima, M.
name: Mukuda, H.
name: Iyo, A.
name: Kawashima, T.
name: Miyasaka, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isotope $^{121,123}$Sb nuclei with large electric quadrupole moments are applied to investigate the dynamics of orbital degrees of freedom in Sb-substituted iron(Fe)-based compounds. In the parent compound LaFe(As$_{0.6}$Sb$_{0.4}$)O, the nuclear spin relaxation rate $^{121,123}(T_{1}^{-1})$ at $^{121,123}$Sb sites was enhanced at structural transition temperature ($T_{s}\sim$ 135 K), which is higher than Néel temperature ($T_{\rm N}\sim$125 K). The isotope ratio $^{123}(T_{1}^{-1})/^{121}(T_{1}^{-1})$ indicates that the electric quadrupole relaxation due to the dynamical electric field gradient at Sb site increases significantly toward $T_{s}$. It is attributed to the critically enhanced nematic fluctuations of stripe-type arrangement of Fe-$3d_{xz}$ (or $3d_{yz}$) orbitals. In the lightly electron-doped superconducting (SC) compound LaFe(As$_{0.7}$Sb$_{0.3}$)(O$_{0.9}$F$_{0.1}$), the nematic fluctuations are largely suppressed in comparison with the case of the parent compound, however, it remains a small enhancement below 80 K down to the $T_c$($\sim$ 20 K). The results indicate that the fluctuations from both the spin and orbital degrees of freedom on the $3d_{xz}$(or $3d_{yz}$) orbitals can be seen in lightly electron-doped SC state of LaFeAsO-based compounds. We emphasize that isotope $^{121,123}$Sb quadrupole moments are sensitive local probe to identify the dynamics of orbital degrees of freedom in Fe-pnictides, which provides with a new opportunity to discuss the microscopic correlation between the superconductivity and both nematic and spin fluctuations simultaneously even in the polycrystalline samples.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures and 1 supplemental file
The Nature Futures Framework, a flexible tool to support the development of scenarios and models of desirable futures for people, nature and Mother Earth, and its methodological guidance
Creators: name: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform On Biodiversity And Ecosystem Services
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nature Futures Framework
Methodological guidance

description: In line with its mandate, the IPBES task force on scenarios and models developed a methodological guidance to accompany the foundations of the Nature Futures Framework, a flexible tool to support the development of scenarios and models of desirable futures for people, nature and Mother Earth, welcomed by the IPBES Plenary in decision IPBES-9/1. The methodological guidance was further refined by the task force, and reviewed by the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel and the Bureau in May 2023. The current version was presented at IPBES 10 in document IPBES/10/INF/13 in August 2023. The methodological guidance document consists of two parts: Part I: The Foundations of the Nature Futures Framework, a flexible tool to support the development of scenarios and models of desirable futures for people, nature and Mother Earth, describing the rationale for, and concepts captured in, the Nature Futures Framework; and Part II: A living methodological guidance that introduces the various methods with which the Nature Futures Framework can be used, and points to examples and additional resources for readers who wish to explore further technical details.
Autonomous Ratcheting by Stochastic Resetting
Creators: name: Ghosh, Pulak K.
name: Nayak, Shubhadip
name: Liu, Jianli
name: Li, Yunyun
name: Marchesoni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generalization of the stochastic resetting mechanism for a Brownian particle diffusing in a one-dimensional periodic potential: randomly in time, the particle gets reset at the bottom of the potential well it was in. Numerical simulations show that in mirror asymmetric potentials, stochastic resetting rectifies the particle's dynamics, with maximum drift speed for an optimal average resetting time. Accordingly, an unbiased Brownian tracer diffusing on an asymmetric substrate can rectify its motion by adopting an adaptive stop-and-go strategy. Our proposed ratchet mechanism can model directed autonomous motion of molecular motors and micro-organisms
description: Journal of Chemical Physics 2023 (in press)
Unveiling the mixed nature of polaritonic transport: From enhanced diffusion to ballistic motion approaching the speed of light
Creators: name: Balasubrahmaniyam, M.
name: Simkovich, Arie
name: Golombek, Adina
name: Ankonina, Guy
name: Schwartz, Tal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years it has become clear that the transport of excitons and charge carriers in molecular systems can be enhanced by coherent coupling with photons, giving rise to the formation of hybrid excitations known as polaritons. Such enhancement has far-reaching technological implications, however, the enhancement mechanism and the transport nature of these composite light-matter excitations in such systems still remain elusive. Here we map the ultrafast spatiotemporal dynamics of surface-bound optical waves strongly coupled to a self-assembled molecular layer and fully resolve them in energy/momentum space. Our studies reveal intricate behavior which stems from the hybrid nature of polaritons. We find that the balance between the molecular disorder and long-range correlations induced by the coherent mixing between light and matter leads to a mobility transition between diffusive and ballistic transport, which can be controlled by varying the light-matter composition of the polaritons. Furthermore, we directly demonstrate that the coupling with light can enhance the diffusion coefficient of molecular excitons by six orders of magnitude and even lead to ballistic flow at two-thirds the speed of light.
Childhood Sexual Fluidity: First Loves in Anton Reiser, Das Marmorbild and Manor
Creators: name: Humphrey, Christina Rosemeier
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: There is a surprising lack of analysis of sexual fluidity in children and pre-pubescent youth. It is my goal to focus on three Sonderfölle and provide a detailed analysis of the particular way in which three German authors dealt with the issue of sexual variance in youth and gender indeterminacy in teenage love. By employing current feminist and gender theories to adolescence, I will contrast the blossoming of adolescent sexuality in Anton Reiser written by Karl Philipp Moritz in the years of 1785 to 1790, with Florio's sexual fluidity in Das Marmorbild written by Joseph von Eichendorff in 1818. I will also examine the presentation of Har's sexual awakening in Karl Heinrich Ulrichs' Manor published in 1884. All three texts exhibit a fascinating array of sexual densities as the protagonists follow their innere Stimme, a natural, innate and unique voice within them, which easily transcends taboos and presents a realm of love which is sexually variable, open and undefined.
Grinding Musculoskeletal Disorder Exposure Reduction Using Ergonomic Methodologies and Space Optimization
Creators: name: Chio-Salinas, Melissa Naomi
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace have been seen to affect the employer and employee in significant ways. Companies waste millions of dollars a year on direct and indirect costs of MSD in their companies. Some of those indirect costs include reduced production and quality of product. Employees exposed to MSDs can be affected emotionally and financially as they can lose their job or even their health. That is why reducing exposure to MSDs in the workplace is crucial. The interventions in manufacturing to reduce MSDs can vary depending on the industry. Although there has been research done on different methods that have been seen to be effective in reducing MSDs, the methods are not standardized for all types of work environments. There are some general principles that can be analyzed in order to fit the job situation and potentially reduce MSDs. This paper aims to use ergonomic principles and space optimization to propose potential options to reduce MSDs in the finishing manufacturing process of a company. The job exposure to MSDs was measured through REBA and RULA, assessments indicating an index of severity of exposure. The initial scores were 10 and 7 respectively. The specific company analyzed was found to have exposure to MSDs through the work-cause posture of the employee. Simulations, through SANTOS and SIMIO, were used to predict the potential MSD risk reduction as well as validate the production throughput effect of the potential MSD reduction options. Three main potential solutions were presented. Those MSD reducing potential options consist of ergonomic controls and space optimization principles. This study showed that the implementation of several ergonomic controls, along with space optimization principles, to the worker environment in the finishing manufacturing sector of a company, could reduce MSD exposure in the workplace. The REBA and RULA scores were reduced to scores of 3 and 4 respectively. The simulation of the potential posture after implementing the potential exposed solutions was seen to have only 6% discomfort to the worker. The SIMIO simulation demonstrated a potential increase in production throughput from 72 parts per hour to 143 parts per hour. Although the solutions do provide evidence of potential MSD reduction, they are specific to one company and specific manufacturing stage.
Degenerate Distributed Feedback Photonic Structure with Double Grating Exhibiting Degenerate Band Edge
Creators: name: Mealy, Tarek
name: Capolino, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a degenerate version of the Bragg condition, associated to a degenerate band edge (DBE). A standard Bragg condition can be implemented using a periodic grating that operates at the regular band edge. The structure we propose to realize a DBE is made of two stacked identical gratings that form two coupled periodic waveguides with broken mirror symmetry. The occurrence of the DBE is verified by using both an eigenmode solver and the calculations of scattering parameters, using full-wave simulations. The proposed structure is a good candidate to conceive a degenerate distributed feedback lasers operating at the DBE.
Trust in the police
Creators: name: Hanel, Paul
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: We aim to test what predict trust in police using already collected data from 42 countries (N = 27527). Three of the authors (GC, PH, and RM) had no access to the data and the lead author (RV) has not performed the analyses until now.
Holographic entanglement entropy of the double Wick rotated BTZ black hole
Creators: name: Fujita, Mitsutoshi
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze the holographic covariant entanglement entropy in the double Wick rotated version of a rotating BTZ black hole (3 dimensional Kerr-AdS solution), where the periodicity of Euclidean time and spatial direction are changed. The dual field theory has negative energy in the Lorentzian signature. The holographic entanglement entropy agrees with its CFT counterpart, which is obtained by a conformal transformation of the correlation functions of twisted operators.
description: 20 pages v2: references added, enlarged discussion
Generic guide concepts for the European Spallation Source
Creators: name: Zendler, C.
name: Rodriguez, D. Martin
name: Bentley, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The construction of the European Spallation Source (ESS) faces many challenges from the neutron beam transport point of view: The spallation source is specified as being driven by a 5 MW beam of protons, each with 2 GeV energy, and yet the requirements in instrument background suppression relative to measured signal vary between 10$^{-6}$ and 10$^{-8}$. The energetic particles, particularly above 20 MeV, which are expected to be produced in abundance in the target, have to be filtered in order to make the beamlines safe, operational and provide good quality measurements with low background. We present generic neutron guides of short and medium length instruments which are optimized for good performance at minimal cost. Direct line of sight to the source is avoided twice, with either the first point out of line of sight or both being inside the bunker (20\,m) to minimize shielding costs. These guide geometries are regarded as a baseline to define standards for instruments to be constructed at ESS. They are used to find commonalities and develop principles and solutions for common problems. Lastly, we report the impact of employing the over-illumination concept to mitigate losses from random misalignment passively, and that over-illumination should be used sparingly in key locations to be effective. For more widespread alignment issues, a more direct, active approach is likely to be needed.
Enhanced Universal Kriging for Transformed Input Parameter Spaces
Creators: name: Fischer, Matthias
name: Proppe, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With computational models becoming more expensive and complex, surrogate models have gained increasing attention in many scientific disciplines and are often necessary to conduct sensitivity studies, parameter optimization etc. In the scientific discipline of uncertainty quantification (UQ), model input quantities are often described by probability distributions. For the construction of surrogate models, space-filling designs are generated in the input space to define training points, and evaluations of the computational model at these points are then conducted. The physical parameter space is often transformed into an i.i.d. uniform input space in order to apply space-filling training procedures in a sensible way. Due to this transformation surrogate modeling techniques tend to suffer with regard to their prediction accuracy. Therefore, a new method is proposed in this paper where input parameter transformations are applied to basis functions for universal kriging. To speed up hyperparameter optimization for universal kriging, suitable expressions for efficient gradient-based optimization are developed. Several benchmark functions are investigated and the proposed method is compared with conventional methods.
Atom Interferometry with Floquet Atom Optics
Creators: name: Wilkason, Thomas
name: Nantel, Megan
name: Rudolph, Jan
name: Jiang, Yijun
name: Garber, Benjamin E.
name: Swan, Hunter
name: Carman, Samuel P.
name: Abe, Mahiro
name: Hogan, Jason M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Floquet engineering offers a compelling approach for designing the time evolution of periodically driven systems. We implement a periodic atom-light coupling to realize Floquet atom optics on the strontium ${}^1\!S_0\,\text{-}\, {}^3\!P_1$ transition. These atom optics reach pulse efficiencies above $99.4\%$ over a wide range of frequency offsets between light and atomic resonance, even under strong driving where this detuning is on the order of the Rabi frequency. Moreover, we use Floquet atom optics to compensate for differential Doppler shifts in large momentum transfer atom interferometers and achieve state-of-the-art momentum separation in excess of $400~\hbar k$. This technique can be applied to any two-level system at arbitrary coupling strength, with broad application in coherent quantum control.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, plus supplemental material
Mapping and placemaking from the perspective of cultural field
Creators: name: Chen, Chao
name: Ren, Yunying
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Recently, in the context of China's policy of vigorously developing the assertive culture confidence, the value of traditional culture has been re-recognized by the whole society. However, due to the unbalanced development of China's eastern and western regions, the value of cultural heritage is not valued in the western region. Hanzhong district in Shaanxi province, belonging to the intersection of the south and north, has its own unique natural and cultural environment. The three historic sites of the western Han Dynasty are located in the city centre of Hanzhong, and as the historical heritage of Han culture, it has been hesitant between protection and development for many years. On the one hand, this paper tries to introduce the concept of "field" into the protection of cultural heritage, by constructing the cultural field model and using the cultural field to explore the question of historical heritage activation. This article, on the other hand, by expanding the mapping function, using the method of mapping defined the three historic sites of the western Han dynasty culture field research scope and the elements, combing extracted place identity, controlling the space boundary of place and for placemaking, and proposing an operable strategy and approach.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning