cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Language, Migration, and Citizenship in France
Creators: name: Durkis, Andrea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Immigrants--Language
Applied linguistics
Citizenship--Examinations
Second language acquisition

description: As countries are confronted with the complexities of integrating new immigrants within their national borders, the ability of new arrivals to use the language or languages of their adopted country has increasingly become viewed as essential to the process of their integration and assimilation. The use of language assessments as a requirement for citizenship has become commonplace, and the importance of these tools as devices for gate keeping or door opening (Bachman & Purpura, 2008) is substantial. The assessments fulfilling the language proficiency requirement for naturalization in France have changed and evolved substantially over the past two decades. They have progressed from unstructured and unsystematic interviews with no construct and no scoring criteria to pedagogical assessments and standardized tests with defined constructs and alignment to specific levels of proficiency on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). This paper will explore the language assessments used as part of the citizenship process over the past twenty years in France through the validity framework proposed by Kane (1992, 2006, 2013). Special attention will be given to issues of fairness, values, and social consequences.
Against All Odds: Hedge Fund Activism in Controlled Companies
Creators: name: Kastiel, Kobi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Stockholders
subject: Corporate governance
subject: Hedge funds
subject: Corporations--Social aspects

description: The importance of shareholder activism in widely held public companies is already broadly recognized. Less well understood, however, is the role that activist hedge funds play in public companies with a controlling shareholder, and the common view has been that dispersed stock ownership is typically a precondition for activist intervention. To fill this gap, this Article presents the first comprehensive account of hedge fund activism in controlled companies in the United States. Using empirical data and illustrative examples from recent years, the Article finds a surprising number of activist engagements with controlled companies, and unveils the variety of channels through which activism is deployed as well as the limitations of these channels. It concludes by offering regulators and institutional investors some suggestions for further empowering activists in controlled companies, such as granting investors unaffiliated with the controllers the right to elect minority directors.
Flat points in zero sets of harmonic polynomials and harmonic measure from two sides
Creators: name: Badger, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A75, 31A15, 33C55, 35R35

description: We obtain quantitative estimates of local flatness of zero sets of harmonic polynomials. There are two alternatives: at every point either the zero set stays uniformly far away from a hyperplane in the Hausdorff distance at all scales or the zero set becomes locally flat on small scales with arbitrarily small constant. An application is given to a free boundary problem for harmonic measure from two sides, where blow-ups of the boundary are zero sets of harmonic polynomials.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures (in version 2: updated captions and figures, fixed typos and corrected constant in Lemma 4.1)
Bayesian hierarchical classes analysis
Creators: name: Leenen, Iwin
name: Mechelen, Iven Van
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
name: Knop, Stijn De
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hierarchical classes models are models for N-way N-mode data that represent the association among the N modes and simultaneously yield, for each mode, a hierarchical classification of its elements. In this paper we present a stochastic extension of the hierarchical classes model for two-way two-mode binary data. In line with the original model, the new probabilistic extension still represents both the association among the two modes and the hierarchical classifications. A fully Bayesian method for fitting the new model is presented and evaluated in a simulation study. Furthermore, we propose tools for model selection and model checking based on Bayes factors and posterior predictive checks. We illustrate the advantages of the new approach with applications in the domain of the psychology of choice and psychiatric diagnosis.
ALMA View of Molecular Complexity in Low-metallicity Massive Protostellar Cores
Creators: name: Shimonishi, Takashi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description:   Understanding the star formation and ISM at low metallicity is crucial to unveil physical and chemical processes in the past Galactic environment or those in high-z galaxies, where the metallicity was significantly lower compared to the present-day solar neighborhood. Hot molecular cores are compact (<0.1 pc), dense (>10^6 /cm^3), and hot (>100 K) protostellar sources, which appear in the early evolutionary stage of massive star formation. Hot cores are an excellent laboratory to study the molecular complexity of the ISM since a variety of molecular species, including complex organic molecules, are often detected in hot cores.  
 In the last decade, with the advent of ALMA, hot cores have been detected in distant low-metallicity star-forming regions such as those in nearby galaxies, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, as well as in the outskirts of our Galaxy (Shimonishi et al. 2016, 2020, 2021, 2023; Sewilo et al. 2018, 2023). The metallicity of these regions is lower than the solar neighborhood by a factor of about 2-10. The presence of hot cores in various metallicity environments implies that the formation of a hot core would be a common phenomenon during massive star formation throughout the cosmic history.  
 Chemical analyses of low-metallicity hot cores suggest that molecular abundances do not always simply scale with the metallicity of their parent environments. For example, CH3OH, an organic molecule and classical hot-core tracer, shows a large abundance variation within low-metallicity hot cores, and it is significantly depleted beyond the level of the metallicity difference in some cases. On the other hand, inorganic molecule and another hot-core tracer, SO2, shows roughly metallicity-scaled abundances. The reason of such chemical differentiation in low-metallicity environments remains to be clarified. Here I will present recent observational progress of low-metallicity hot cores with ALMA and discuss potential future synergy with other facilities.
title: Avoidance of unwanted bycatch in the blue whiting fishery in Faroese Fishing Zone by use of a sorting grid system
Creators: name: Lapshin, Oleg M.
name: Zachariassen, Kristian
name: Tatarnikov, Viacheslav A.
name: Jacobsen, Jan Arge
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Due to bycatch of unwanted species as saithe (Pollachius virens), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), and redfish (Sebastes marinus) in the blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) fishery in Faroese fishing zone, the Faroese and Russian fishery authorities decided in 2006 to introduce a special sorting grid system when fishing for blue whiting. This system is mandatory to use in large parts in the Faroese fishing zone. The system consists of a special sorting grid with 55 mm bar space, inserted in a netting section in front of the cod-end. In front of the sorting grid a small leading panel was inserted to lead the blue whiting from the escape opening for by-catch below the sorting grid. Video recordings were used to observe the behaviour of blue whiting in front of the sorting grid. To estimate the amount of the by-catch and the loss of blue whiting the alternate trawl haul method was used. Experiments in 2008 were used to analyse the amount of blue whiting escaping with unwanted species, comparison of unwanted species quantity in presence/absence of the sorting system in the trawl. By using the sorting grid a decrease of bycatch of saithe was obtained ranging from 1.46–3 times, and of all unwanted species (saithe, mackerel, redfish, and haddock) the reduction was 0.25–3.25 times. The efficiency of the sorting grid system as a management tool depends on the abundance of bycatch in the blue whiting fishery.
Building Multiple Long-Term Conditions Research Capacity & Capabilities
Creators: name: Karoune, Emma
name: Almarzouq, Batool
name: Collop, Beth
name: Fletcher, Monica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The AI for Multiple Long-Term Conditions Research Support Facility (AIM RSF), a collaborative initiative led by The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with Swansea University, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Oxford, oversees eight research consortia across the UK to support and drive culture change in Multiple Long-Term Condition (MLTC) research. By connecting researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients, AIM RSF has reshaped our understanding of MLTCs.The initiative focuses on five key areas: building robust infrastructure, improving data accessibility, creating a connected research community, engaging with the public, and ensuring lasting impact.As we approach April 2025, marking the conclusion of this phase of the AIM RSF, we reflect on our achievements and the foundation we've laid for future advancements in MLTC research. This case study, the first in a series of three, shares our journey and offers insights and recommendations for those involved in health data research and AI.

AIM RSF is funded by the NIHR [Artificial Intelligence for Multiple Long-Term Conditions (AIM) programme (NIHR202647). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Pressure suppression of unconventional charge-density-wave state in PrRu4P12 studied by optical conductivity
Creators: name: Okamura, H.
name: Ohta, N.
name: Takigawa, A.
name: Matsutori, I.
name: Shoji, K.
name: Miyata, K.
name: Matsunami, M.
name: Sugawara, H.
name: Sekine, C.
name: Shirotani, I.
name: Sato, H.
name: Moriwaki, T.
name: Ikemoto, Y.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Carr, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical conductivity s(w) of PrRu4P12 has been studied under high pressure to 14 GPa, at low temperatures to 8 K, and at photon energies 12 meV-1.1 eV. The energy gap in s(w) at ambient pressure, caused by a metal-insulator transition due to an unconventional charge-density-wave formation at 63 K, is gradually filled in with increasing pressure to 10 GPa. At 14 GPa and below 30 K, s(w) exhibits a pronounced Drude-type component due to free carriers. This indicates that the initial insulating ground state at zero pressure has been turned into a metallic one at 14 GPa. This is consistent with a previous resistivity study under pressure, where the resistivity rapidly decreased with cooling below 30 K at 14 GPa. The evolution of electronic structure with pressure is discussed in terms of the hybridization between the 4f and conduction electrons.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Zinc depletion induced apoptosis through Ca²⁺-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells
Creators: name: Lin, Yi-Hsuan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among Canadian women. Despite the use of advanced therapeutics, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among Canadian women. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutics to treat breast cancer remains an important goal. Defective or inhibited apoptosis is a major causative factor in the development and progression of cancer. Zinc is considered an apoptotic regulator. Further, previous work has also shown that there is an association between zinc depletion-induced apoptosis and an elevated intracellular Ca²⁺ level in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Ca²⁺ is a known mediator of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The overall objective of my thesis research was to investigate the role of intracellular Ca²⁺ and its involvement of the mitochondria in zinc depletion-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in DMEM containing FBS (10%) followed by depletion of intracellular zinc using N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN; 20 µM) with or without the presence of intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator, 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM; 10 or 20 µM). Apoptosis was assessed by caspase-9 and -3 activities using corresponding fluorogenic substrates and the proportion of cells with fragmented DNA using PI-staining flow cytometry assay. Intracellular Ca²⁺ was assessed using Fura-2 assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by DiOC₆-staining flow cytometry assay. Cytochrome c release was detected by Western blot. Addition of TPEN resulted in an increase of caspase-9 and -3 activities, an increase in the proportion of cells with fragmented DNA, and a prolonged increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ level. TPEN treatment also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and induced cytochrome c release. Zinc replenishment (10 – 40 µM) prevented TPEN-induced apoptosis. Intracellular Ca²⁺ chelation with BAPTA-AM suppressed TPEN-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and cytochrome c release. Collectively these results showed that zinc depletion-induced apoptosis was mediated through the Ca²⁺-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
Fitting Multilevel Models When Predictors and Group Effects Correlate
Creators: name: Bafumi, Joseph
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Random effects models (that is, regressions with varying intercepts that are modeled with error) are avoided by some social scientists because of potential issues with bias and uncertainty estimates. Particularly, when one or more predictors correlate with the group or unit effects, a key Gauss-Markov assumption is violated and estimates are compromised. However, this problem can easily be solved by including the average of each individual-level predictors in the group-level regression. We explain the solution, demonstrate its effectiveness using simulations, show how it can be applied in some commonly-used statistical software, and discuss its potential for substantive modeling.
A proof of uniqueness of the Gurarii space
Creators: name: Kubiś, Wieslaw
name: Solecki, Slawomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B04, 46B20

description: We present a short and elementary proof of isometric uniqueness of the Gurarii space.
description: 6 pages, some improvements incorporated
Driven-dissipative many-body pairing states for cold fermionic atoms in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Yi, W.
name: Diehl, S.
name: Daley, A. J.
name: Zoller, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the preparation of many-body states of cold fermionic atoms in an optical lattice via controlled dissipative processes induced by coupling the system to a reservoir. Based on a mechanism combining Pauli blocking and phase locking between adjacent sites, we construct complete sets of jump operators describing coupling to a reservoir that leads to dissipative preparation of pairing states for fermions with various symmetries in the absence of direct inter-particle interactions. We discuss the uniqueness of these states, and demonstrate it with small-scale numerical simulations. In the late time dissipative dynamics, we identify a "dissipative gap" that persists in the thermodynamic limit. This gap implies exponential convergence of all many-body observables to their steady state values. We then investigate how these pairing states can be used as a starting point for the preparation of the ground state of Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian via an adiabatic state preparation process also involving the parent Hamiltonian of the pairing state. We also provide a proof-of-principle example for implementing these dissipative processes and the parent Hamiltonians of the pairing states, based on Yb171 atoms in optical lattice potentials.
description: as published in the focus issue on Bose Condensation Phenomena in Atomic and Solid State Physics, New J. Phys. 14 (2012)
Fully Bayesian computing
Creators: name: Kerman, Jouni
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Bayesian statistical decision theory
subject: Object-oriented programming (Computer science)

description: A fully Bayesian computing environment calls for the possibility of defining vector and array objects that may contain both random and deterministic quantities, and syntax rules that allow treating these objects much like any variables or numeric arrays. Working within the statistical package R, we introduce a new object-oriented framework based on a new random variable data type that is implicitly represented by simulations. We seek to be able to manipulate random variables and posterior simulation objects conveniently and transparently and provide a basis for further development of methods and functions that can access these objects directly. We illustrate the use of this new programming environment with several examples of Bayesian computing, including posterior predictive checking and the manipulation of posterior simulations. This new environment is fully Bayesian in that the posterior simulations can be handled directly as random variables.
Double-peaked Narrow-Line Signatures of Dual Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxy Merger Simulations
Creators: name: Blecha, Laura
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first attempt to model the narrow-line (NL) region of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy mergers, using a novel physical prescription. This model is used to determine the origin of double-peaked NL (dNL) AGN in merging galaxies and their connection to supermassive black hole (SMBH) pairs, motivated by recent observations of such objects. We find that dNL AGN induced by the relative motion of SMBH pairs are a generic but short-lived feature of gaseous major mergers. dNL AGN should often be observed in late-stage mergers, during the kpc-scale phase of SMBH inspiral or soon after the SMBH merger. However, even within the kpc-scale phase, only a minority of dNL AGN are directly induced by SMBH motion; their lifetimes are typically a few Myr. Most double peaks arise from gas kinematics near the SMBH, although prior to the SMBH merger up to 80% of all dNL profiles may be influenced by SMBH motion via altered peak ratios or velocity offsets. The total lifetimes of dNL AGN depend strongly on viewing angle and on properties of the merging galaxies. Also, in a typical merger, at least 10-40% of the double peaks induced by SMBH motion have small projected separations, 0.1-1 kpc, such that dual peaks of stellar surface brightness are not easily resolved. Diffuse tidal features can indicate late-stage galaxy mergers, although they do not distinguish SMBH pairs from merged SMBHs. We show that dNL profiles with peak velocity splittings > 500 km s^-1 or with measurable overall velocity shifts are often associated with SMBH pairs. Our results support the notion that selection of dNL AGN is a promising method for identifying dual SMBH candidates, but demonstrate the critical importance of high-resolution, multi-wavelength follow-up observations, and the use of multiple lines of evidence, for confirming the dual nature of candidate SMBH pairs. (Abridged)
description: 24 pages, 9 figures. Moderate revisions; accepted to MNRAS
LISHAYNIKLAR BO'LIMI SISTEMATIKASI, TARQALISHI VA AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Ikromova, Shahriniso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье представлены сведения о морфологии, анатомии, систематике, размножении, распространении, экологии и значении лишайников. Лишайники используются в производстве красок, парфюмерии и лекарств. Наука о лишайниках называется «лихенология». Науке известно 26 000 видов, принадлежащих к 400 семействам.
Generalizing the autonomous Kepler Ermakov system in a Riemannian space
Creators: name: Tsamparlis, Michael
name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the two dimensional autonomous Hamiltonian Kepler Ermakov dynamical system to three dimensions using the sl(2,R) invariance of Noether symmetries and determine all three dimensional autonomous Hamiltonian Kepler Ermakov dynamical systems which are Liouville integrable via Noether symmetries. Subsequently we generalize the autonomous Kepler Ermakov system in a Riemannian space which admits a gradient homothetic vector by the requirements (a) that it admits a first integral (the Riemannian Ermakov invariant) and (b) it has sl(2,R) invariance. We consider both the non-Hamiltonian and the Hamiltonian systems. In each case we compute the Riemannian Ermakov invariant and the equations defining the dynamical system. We apply the results in General Relativity and determine the autonomous Hamiltonian Riemannian Kepler Ermakov system in the spatially flat Friedman Robertson Walker spacetime. We consider a locally rotational symmetric (LRS) spacetime of class A and discuss two cosmological models. The first cosmological model consists of a scalar field with exponential potential and a perfect fluid with a stiff equation of state. The second cosmological model is the f(R) modified gravity model of Λ_{bc}CDM. It is shown that in both applications the gravitational field equations reduce to those of the generalized autonomous Riemannian Kepler Ermakov dynamical system which is Liouville integrable via Noether integrals.
description: Reference [25] update, 21 pages
Resonant suppression of thermal stability of the nanoparticle magnetization by a rotating magnetic field
Creators: name: Denisov, S. I.
name: Polyakov, A. Yu.
name: Lyutyy, T. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermal stability of the periodic (P) and quasi-periodic (Q) precessional modes of the nanoparticle magnetic moment induced by a rotating magnetic field. An analytical method for determining the lifetime of the P mode in the case of high anisotropy barrier and small amplitudes of the rotating field is developed within the Fokker-Planck formalism. In general case, the thermal stability of both P and Q modes is investigated by numerical simulation of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation. We show analytically and numerically that the lifetime is a nonmonotonic function of the rotating field frequency which, depending on the direction of field rotation, has either a pronounced maximum or a deep minimum near the Larmor frequency.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures
Bayesian Combination of State Polls and Election Forecasts
Creators: name: Lock, Kari
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Bayesian statistical decision theory

description: A wide range of potentially useful data are available for election forecasting: the results of previous elections, a multitude of pre-election polls, and predictors such as measures of national and statewide economic performance. How accurate are different forecasts? We estimate predictive uncertainty via analysis of data collected from past elections (actual outcomes, pre-election polls, and model estimates). With these estimated uncertainties, we use Bayesian inference to integrate the various sources of data to form posterior distributions for the state and national two-party Democratic vote shares for the 2008 election. Our key idea is to separately forecast the national popular vote shares and the relative positions of the states. More generally, such an approach could be applied to study changes in public opinion and other phenomena with wide national swings and fairly stable spatial distributions relative to the national average.
Synchronization and Power Sharing for Droop-Controlled Inverters in Islanded Microgrids
Creators: name: Simpson-Porco, John W.
name: Dörfler, Florian
name: Bullo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent and growing interest in smart grid technology, we study the operation of DC/AC inverters in an inductive microgrid. We show that a network of loads and DC/AC inverters equipped with power-frequency droop controllers can be cast as a Kuramoto model of phase-coupled oscillators. This novel description, together with results from the theory of coupled oscillators, allows us to characterize the behavior of the network of inverters and loads. Specifically, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a synchronized solution that is unique and locally exponentially stable. We present a selection of controller gains leading to a desirable sharing of power among the inverters, and specify the set of loads which can be serviced without violating given actuation constraints. Moreover, we propose a distributed integral controller based on averaging algorithms which dynamically regulates the system frequency in the presence of a time-varying load. Remarkably, this distributed-averaging integral controller has the additional property that it maintains the power sharing properties of the primary droop controller. Our results hold without assumptions on identical line characteristics or voltage magnitudes.
description: 10.5 Pages, 5 figures. Provisionally accepted for publication
title: Celtic Sea cod - Gear Based Technical Measures to help reduce discarding
Creators: name: Rihan, D.J.
name: Browne, D.
name: McDonald, D.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.In recent years there have been moves by the European Commission to have Celtic Sea cod stock (ICES Area VIIe-k) included under the cod recovery plan, citing the poor state of this stock. Irish, French and UK fishermen, however, all consistently reported that there are in fact increased numbers of cod in the Celtic Sea and the scientific advice is incorrect. Over this period the TAC has become increasingly restrictive and led to report elevated discarding of cod caught in the mixed fisheries in the Celtic Sea. In 2007 and 2008 Irish fishermen were forced to discard large quantities in quarters 3 and 4 due to the Irish cod quota being exhausted. This is neither a good situation for the fishermen in having to dump good fish; for the scientists as much of these discards go unreported; or for the cod. In order to try and address this issue, a series of trials were undertaken in 2009 to test gear options that would allow Nephrops fishermen to continue to fish with reduced cod catches and therefore potentially reduce discarding of over quota fish later in the year. The trials were carried out over a 20 day period in March/April 2009 with several different gear modifications. The three gear options tested were a Rigid grid, a 160mm square mesh panel and an inclined separator panel and the results showed that reductions in total cod catches of 85% could be achieved with the Rigid grid; 70% with the inclined separator panel and a smaller reduction of 30% with the 160mm square mesh panel. However, the grid and separator panel excluded most other marketable fish as well as cod and therefore while effective may not necessarily be acceptable to Nephrops fishermen in terms of loss of revenue. This paper discuss the implications of the trials and the relative merits of the gear options tested in terms of reducing discarding but also allowing fishermen to remain viable
The New Agriculture: From Food Farms to Solar Farms
Creators: name: Owley, Jessica
name: Morris, Amy Wilson
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Agriculture and state
subject: Solar energy
subject: Renewable energy sources--Government policy
subject: Land use--Environmental aspects

description: Across the United States, government agencies and energy developers are looking to agricultural land for development of renewable energy. One attraction of agricultural lands is that they are already relatively ecologically impaired compared with the previous solar development sites in the California and Arizona desert that have been a major source of concern for many environmental groups—and subject to expensive mitigation requirements under the Endangered Species Act. Renewable energy development pressures are accelerating the existing loss of agricultural land, heightening concerns about food security and the economic viability of agricultural communities. California farmland is at the center of this conflict. Suburban sprawl in California already leads to conversion of nearly 40,000 acres of agricultural land a year. Now, a new competitor has entered the scene: solar energy facilities. Both users compete for water, which is only becoming scarcer in the face of climate change and periodic drought. The pressures on California’s agricultural land have long inspired the state legislature and local governments to enact various measures to protect farmland and promote the business of agriculture. We examine the ways California’s Williamson Act (which provides tax benefits for agricultural land) and the California Environmental Quality Act (the state’s environmental review statute) have proven and not proven to be obstacles to taking agricultural land out of crop production and putting it into solar energy production. We demonstrate that current laws are neither protecting prime agricultural lands nor adequately creating conditions for evaluating the tradeoffs and alternatives when farmland—or ecologically sensitive habitat—is used for large-scale renewable energy development.
One vote, many Mexicos: Income and vote choice in the 1994, 2000, and 2006 presidential elections
Creators: name: Cortina, Jeronimo
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using multilevel modeling of state-level economic data and individual-level exit poll data from the 1994, 2000 and 2006 Mexican presidential elections, we find that income has a stronger effect in predicting the vote for the conservative party in poorer states than in richer states -- a pattern that has also been found in recent U.S. elections. In addition (and unlike in the U.S.), richer states on average tend to support the conservative party at higher rates than poorer states. Our findings raise questions regarding the role that income polarization and region play in vote choice. The electoral results since 1994 reveal that collapsing multiple states into large regions entails significant loss of information that otherwise may uncover sharper and quiet revealing differences in voting patterns between rich and poor states as well as rich and poor individuals within states.
Correlation between magnetic field and core fragmentation in a massive star-forming region, G28.34+0.06
Creators: name: Hwang, Jihye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Magnetic fields play a crucial role in the star-forming process by supporting clouds or clumps against gravitational collapse. The interplay between magnetic field, gravity, and turbulence can influence types of core fragmentation, e.g., no, aligned, and clustered fragmentations (Tang et al. 2019). G28.34+0.06 (G28.34) is a massive star-forming region which contains filamentary structures and a massive northern clump (hub). We estimate magnetic field orientations and strengths at the northern clump using dust polarization observations towards G28.34 obtained by SCUBA-2/POL2 on the JCMT. Magnetic fields in cores fragmented within clumps have been studied using ALMA observations (Liu et al. 2020). We compare magnetic field orientations at the clump and core scales. We also estimate the distribution of magnetic field strengths and mass-to-flux ratios to show relative importance of magnetic field compared to gravity within the clump. The magnetically super-critical regions in the clump are consistent with core position obtained by ALMA. Our results contribute to understanding the role of magnetic fields in core fragmentation.
Mallomonas loricata Gusev, Shkurina & Kulikovskiy 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Gusev, Evgeniy
name: Shkurina, Nataliya
name: Kulikovskiy, Maxim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Chrysophyceae
Synurales
Mallomonadaceae
Mallomonas
Mallomonas loricata

description: Mallomonas loricata Gusev, Shkurina & Kulikovskiy sp. nov. (figs 2–13) Scales are obovate, 5.7–6.8 × 3.8–4.4 μm in size. A wide posterior rim encircles one-half to two-thirds of the scale perimeter (figs 2–4). Evenly spaced small base-plate pores cover the scale surface and are often more widely spaced across the distal part (figs 5–6). One large, rimmed pore is situated in the posterior region and is surrounded by a cluster of minute pores. A thick secondary siliceous layer with internal reticulation covers almost the entire surface of the scales, excluding a small, rounded area surrounding the large, rimmed pore (figs 2–4 and 8–10). Bristles are 12–14 μm long, smooth, slightly curved, and possess a serrated distal tip; the bristle shaft is tubular, with a longitudinal slit (figs 7, 12–13). Cysts unknown. Holotype:—Portion of a single gathering of cells on SEM stub no. BD25 (holotype designated here in fig. 2) deposited at the Herbarium, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok (IBIW). Material from My Binh Reservoir, Binh Dinh Province, VIETNAM, collected by E.S. Gusev on the 23 d of May, 2018. Figure 2 illustrates a representative scale from the specimen. Type locality: — VIETNAM: Binh Dinh Province, My Binh Reservoir, Latitude / Longitude: 14°33.869’ N, 108°59.427’ E. Epithet:—The epithet refers to the thick scales, forming armor, surrounding the cell. Distribution:—In addition to the type locality, this species has been observed from the other regions of Vietnam: Binh Dinh, Binh Thuan, Dak Lak, Khanh Hoa, Phu Yen, Quang Tri, and Thua Thien Hue provinces, and in Hanoi (Table 1). Also, scales of this species were reported from Singapore and Malaysia under the name M. matvienkoae (Neustupa & Řezáčová 2007: 225, fig 7). Mallomonas loricata was found in a wide range of environmental parameters including pH (6.1–8.3), specific conductance (32–287 µS cm-1) and temperature (28–36 ºC) (Table 1).
description: Published as part of Gusev, Evgeniy, Shkurina, Nataliya & Kulikovskiy, Maxim, 2021, Mallomonas loricata sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from section Planae, pp. 225-233 in Phytotaxa 500 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5424594
description: {"references": ["Rezacova, M. & Neustupa, J. (2007) Distribution of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) - ubiquitous dispersal in microorganisms evaluated. Protist 158: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2006.06.004"]}
H-FGK formalism for black-hole solutions of N=2, d=4 and d=5 supergravity
Creators: name: Meessen, Patrick
name: Ortin, Tomas
name: Perz, Jan
name: Shahbazi, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We rewrite the Ferrara-Gibbons-Kallosh (FGK) black-hole effective action of N=2, d=4,5 supergravities coupled to vector multiplets, replacing the metric warp factor and the physical scalars with real variables that transform in the same way as the charges under duality transformations, which simplifies the equations of motion. For a given model, the form of the solution in these variables is the same for all spherically symmetric black holes, regardless of supersymmetry or extremality.
description: 10 pages; v2: references added, some editing of the text, results unchanged; v3: references added as in the published version
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): nonlocal limitations
Creators: name: Toscano, Giuseppe
name: Raza, Søren
name: Xiao, Sanshui
name: Wubs, Martijn
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant field enhancement and field singularities are a natural consequence of the commonly employed local-response framework. We show that a more general nonlocal treatment of the plasmonic response leads to new and possibly fundamental limitations on field enhancement with important consequences for our understanding of SERS. The intrinsic length scale of the electron gas serves to smear out assumed field singularities, leaving the SERS enhancement factor finite even for geometries with infinitely sharp features. For silver nano-groove structures, mimicked by periodic arrays of half-cylinders (up to 120 nm in radius), we find no enhancement factors exceeding ten orders of magnitude (10^10).
description: 3 pages, including 4 figures. Accepted for Opt. Lett
Technical debt : what software practitioners have to say
Creators: name: Lim, Erin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Technical debt is a metaphor for the consequences that software projects face when they make trade-offs to implement a lower quality, less complete solution to satisfy business realities. While interest in the metaphor is slowly gaining traction in academic research, there already exists a significant amount of discussion in website logs (blogs). The purpose of this research is to validate the existing definitions and to enrich it with the insights, experiences and lessons learned of software practitioners working in industry. The results are based on a series of one-hour interviews conducted with nineteen software practitioners that investigates the definitions, attributes, causes, symptoms and management of technical debt. It is validated by the findings from a secondary study based on “Hard Choices”, a board game designed to teach the concepts of technical debt, and a replication study conducted by Nitin Taksande at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. The outcome of this research provides software practitioners with a set of guidelines to recognize and manage their technical debt. The guidelines state that incurring technical debt is unavoidable because software projects need to meet business goals. Instead, project teams should learn to manage technical debt by developing effective communication skills that bring visibility to its existence in order to enable all project stakeholders to take ownership in mitigating its risks.
Conditional pair distributions in many-body systems: Exact results for Poisson ensembles
Creators: name: Rohrmann, René D.
name: Zurbriggen, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a conditional pair distribution function (CPDF) which characterizes the probability density of finding an object (e.g., a particle in a fluid) to certain distance of other, with each of these two having a nearest neighbor to a fixed but otherwise arbitrary distance. This function describes special four-body configurations, but also contains contributions due to the so-called mutual nearest neighbor (two-body) and shared neighbor (three-body) configurations. The CPDF is introduced to improve a Helmholtz free energy method based on space partitions. We derive exact expressions of the CPDF and various associated quantities for randomly distributed, non-interacting points at Euclidean spaces of one, two and three dimensions. Results may be of interest in many diverse scientific fields, from fluid physics to social and biological sciences.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, v2: new section, appendix and references, plus some other minor changes; to be published in Phys. Rev. E
Brahms, Autodidacticism, and the Curious Case of the Gavotte
Creators: name: Ennis, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Musicology
Music--Instruction and study
Gavottes
New German school (Group of composers)
Composers

description: In later decades, Johannes Brahms repeatedly stressed the inadequacy of his musical education, claiming he learned nothing from Eduard Marxsen and Robert Schumann, the two figures usually regarded as his principal mentors. In this article, a tribute to the Brahms scholar Robert Pascall who died in June 2018, I test the reliability of Brahms’s comments, concluding that he enjoyed a thorough training; in fact, Marxsen emerges from the study as a remarkably effective pedagogue. Nonetheless, after leaving Hamburg in 1853 Brahms embarked on an autodidactic program probably without parallel in nineteenth-century Germany. This program, based largely on the exploration of Baroque scores and treatises, was a course of study he would later encourage aspirant composers to replicate. The article views Brahms’s autodidacticism through the lens of meter, with a focus on compositions that reference the gavotte, a particularly pertinent genre given that its metrical layout was often confused. I reveal that Brahms’s practice in compositions related to the gavotte sometimes contradicts advice he offered friends and pupils; it also sits uncomfortably alongside the composer’s response to the rebarrings of musical classics advocated by Hugo Riemann. These various inconsistencies encourage us to look afresh at the agenda that lay behind Brahms’s stance on pedagogy and learning. I argue in conclusion that Brahms used his own musical education as a form of self-justification in ongoing disputes with the New German School.
How the DNA sequence affects the Hill curve of transcriptional response
Creators: name: Sheinman, M.
name: Kafri, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Hill coefficient is often used as a direct measure of the cooperativity of binding processes. It is an essential tool for probing properties of reactions in many biochemical systems. Here we analyze existing experimental data and demonstrate that the Hill coefficient characterizing the binding of transcription factors to their cognate sites can in fact be larger than one -- the standard indication of cooperativity -- even in the absence of any standard cooperative binding mechanism. By studying the problem analytically, we demonstrate that this effect occurs due to the disordered binding energy of the transcription factor to the DNA molecule and the steric interactions between the different copies of the transcription factor. We show that the enhanced Hill coefficient implies a significant reduction in the number of copies of the transcription factors which is needed to occupy a cognate site and, in many cases, can explain existing estimates for numbers of the transcription factors in cells. The mechanism is general and should be applicable to other biological recognition processes.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Going beyond the book: Toward critical reading in statistics teaching
Creators: name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Left- and right-handedness
subject: Menstruation
subject: Traffic accidents

description: We can improve our teaching of statistical examples from books by collecting further data, reading cited articles, and performing further data analysis. This should not come as a surprise, but what might be new is the realization of how close to the surface these research opportunities are: even influential and celebrated books can have examples where more can be learned with a small amount of additional effort. We discuss three examples that have arisen in our own teaching: an introductory textbook that motivated us to think more carefully about categorical and continuous variables; a book for the lay reader that misreported a study of menstruation and accidents; and a monograph on the foundations of probability that overinterpreted statistically insignificant fluctuations in sex ratios.
Berton’s Ludic Pedagogy and the Subdominant Otherwise: Tension and Compromise in the Early Paris Conservatoire Curriculum
Creators: name: Blackmore, Callum
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Musicology
Music--Instruction and study
Opera
Harmony
Chords (Music)

description: The founding of the Paris Conservatoire in 1795 was intended to bring standardization and meritocracy to French musical pedagogy. However, major compromises were reached in the setting of the Conservatoire’s curriculum, aimed at synthesizing the diverse pedagogical approaches of its professors. Charles-Simon Catel’s Traité d’Harmonie (1803), the Conservatoire’s official harmony textbook, was one such compromise, written to bring an end to ongoing disagreements between the pro-Rameau and anti-Rameau factions on the institution’s faculty. This paper examines the music-theoretical debates that underpinned the Catel compromise by placing Catel’s Traité in dialogue with the music and pedagogy of composer Henri-Montan Berton. Although largely unknown today, Berton was one of the most prolific opera composers of the Revolution; in 1795, he was appointed harmony professor to the Conservatoire, where he served on the committee which unanimously approved Catel’s treatise. Comparing Berton’s Rameau-inspired conception of harmonic space with Catel’s more pragmatic harmonic doctrine, this paper will present an archaeology of a single chord, the subdominant, tracing its use from Berton’s pedagogical games to his Revolutionary-era operas. This paper argues that the subdominant chord occupied a much more privileged position in Berton’s work than it did in Catel’s Traité d’Harmonie, Berton frequently employing harmonic forms that seem to emphasize the subdominant at the expense of the more powerful dominant. Thus, Berton’s treatment of the subdominant, both in the opera house and in the classroom, reveals just how far Catel’s treatise was removed from the musical practices of the Conservatoire’s faculty.