cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The potential clinical impact of implementing different COVID-19 boosters in fall 2022 in the United States
Creators: name: Kohli, Michele A.
name: Maschio, Michael
name: Lee, Amy
name: Fust, Kelly
name: Van de Velde, Nicolas
name: Buck, Philip O.
name: Weinstein, Milton C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Emerging SARS-COV-2 variants are spurring the development of adapted vaccines as public health authorities plan for fall vaccinations. This study estimated the number of infections and hospitalizations prevented by three potential booster strategies for adults (≥18 years) in the United States: boosting with either Moderna’s (1) licensed first generation monovalent vaccine mRNA-1273 (ancestral strain) or (2) candidate bivalent vaccine mRNA-1273.214 (ancestral + BA.1 variant of concern [VOC]) starting in September 2022, or (3) Moderna’s updated candidate bivalent vaccine mRNA-1273.222 (ancestral + BA.4/5 VOC) starting November 2022 due to longer development time. An age-stratified, transmission dynamic, Susceptible-Exposed-Infection-Recovered (SEIR) model, adapted from previous literature, was used to estimate infections over time; the model contains compartments defined by SEIR and vaccination status. A decision tree was used to estimate clinical consequences of infections. Calibration was performed so the model tracks the actual course of the pandemic to present time. Vaccinating with mRNA-1273(Sept), mRNA-1273.214(Sept), and mRNA-1273.222(Nov) is predicted to reduce infections by 34%, 40%, and 18%, respectively, and hospitalizations by 42%, 48%, and 25%, respectively, over 6 months compared to no booster. Sensitivity analyses around transmissibility, vaccine coverage, masking, and waning illustrate that boosting with mRNA-1273.214 in September prevented more cases of infection and hospitalization than the other vaccines. With the emergence of new variants, key characteristics of the virus that affect estimates of spread and clinical impact also evolve, making parameter estimation difficult. Our analysis demonstrated that boosting with mRNA-1273.214 was more effective over 6 months in preventing infections and hospitalizations with a BA.4/5 subvariant than the tailored vaccine, simply because it could be deployed 2 months earlier. We conclude that there is no advantage to delay boosting until a more effective BA.4/5 vaccine is available; earlier boosting with mRNA-1273.214 will prevent the most infections and hospitalizations.
Global Monopole metric in 2+1-dimensions
Creators: name: Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
name: Halilsoy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to obtain the geometry of a global monopole without cosmological constant and electric charge in $2+1-$ dimensions we make use of the broken $% O(2)$ symmetry. In the absence of exact solution we determine the series solutions for both the metric and monopole functions in a consistent manner that satisfy all equations in appropriate powers. The new expansion elements are of the form $\frac{1}{r^{n}}\left( \ln r\right) ^{m},$ for the radial distance $r$ and positive integers $m$ and $n$ constrained by $m\leq n$. To the lowest order of expansion we find that in analogy with the negative cosmological constant the geometry of the global monopole acts repulsively, i.e., in the absence of a cosmological constant the global monopole plays at large distances the role of a negative cosmological constant.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures published in IJGMMP
Measuring axiomatic soundness of counterfactual image models
Creators: name: Monteiro, Miguel
name: Ribeiro, Fabio De Sousa
name: Pawlowski, Nick
name: Castro, Daniel C.
name: Glocker, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a general framework for evaluating image counterfactuals. The power and flexibility of deep generative models make them valuable tools for learning mechanisms in structural causal models. However, their flexibility makes counterfactual identifiability impossible in the general case. Motivated by these issues, we revisit Pearl's axiomatic definition of counterfactuals to determine the necessary constraints of any counterfactual inference model: composition, reversibility, and effectiveness. We frame counterfactuals as functions of an input variable, its parents, and counterfactual parents and use the axiomatic constraints to restrict the set of functions that could represent the counterfactual, thus deriving distance metrics between the approximate and ideal functions. We demonstrate how these metrics can be used to compare and choose between different approximate counterfactual inference models and to provide insight into a model's shortcomings and trade-offs.
description: Counterfactual inference, Generative Models, Computer Vision, Published in ICLR 2023
Key Aspects of Coronal Heating
Creators: name: Klimchuk, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We highlight ten key aspects of coronal heating that must be understood before we can consider the problem to be solved. (1) All coronal heating is impulsive. (2) The details of coronal heating matter. (3) The corona is filled with elemental magnetic stands. (4) The corona is densely populated with current sheets. (5) The strands must reconnect to prevent an infinite buildup of stress. (6) Nanoflares repeat with different frequencies. (7) What is the characteristic magnitude of energy release? (8) What causes the collective behavior responsible for loops? (9) What are the onset conditions for energy release? (10) Chromospheric nanoflares are not a primary source of coronal plasma. Significant progress in solving the coronal heating problem will require a coordination of approaches: observational studies, field-aligned hydrodynamic simulations, large-scale and localized 3D MHD simulations, and possibly also kinetic simulations. There is a unique value to each of these approaches, and the community must strive to coordinate better.
description: Published by Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A, 16 pages, 9 figures
title: "Darüber spricht man nicht"
Creators: name: Zitter, Andrea
Year: 2022

description: Jährlich sterben global gesehen 800.000 Menschen durch Suizid und im Jahr 2019 waren es in Österreich 1.113 Personen, wobei jedes Land, Region, Alter und Geschlecht betroffen sind. Wenn die wissenschaftliche Forschung von etwa zehn bis Einhundert Hinterbliebenen ausgeht, so sind allein in Österreich etwa 100.000 Personen Suizid-Hinterbliebene. In der vorliegenden Masterarbeit werden diese als jene Personen gefasst, deren Leben sich durch den suizidalen Verlust ändert. Die behandelte Forschungsfrage lautet: „Welche Resilienzen entwickeln Hinterbliebene, die eine nahestehende Person durch Suizid verloren haben?“. Folgende theoretischen (Vor-)Überlegungen sind eingeflossen: Trauer(n), Scham und Stigma, sowie soziale Herkunft, wobei diese in Verbindung zur Autoethnografie dargelegt wurde. Die methodisch-empirische Vorgehensweise war einerseits, anhand von Briefen/Tagebucheinträgen, autoethnografisch und andererseits wurden ein weiterer Vergleichsfall, eine Podcast Folge zur Thema Trauer und Suizid, sowie ein Expert*innen-Interview herangezogen. Mittels Grounded Theory nach Charmaz (2014) konnten zwei Theorie-Konzepte anhand der beiden kontrastierenden Fälle entwickelt werden: doing perfect family und post-suicidal world, wobei bei beiden Trauer(n) eine zentrale Relevanz darstellten und immer mit doxastisch wirkenden Normen verbunden ist. Doing perfect family wurde anhand der Inszenierung eines Begräbnisses, sowie familiären Traditionen des Besuchs der Grabstätte veranschaulicht. Das Generieren der post-suicidal world wird im Zuge eines Kommunikations-Kontinuums entwickelt, worin einerseits ein Dialog mit der*dem Suizident*in weiterhin möglich ist und in der sich andererseits eine neue Identität bildet. Beide Konzepte können jedoch nicht voneinander getrennt betrachtet werden, sondern sind ineinander verwoben.
Measurements of spin correlation in top-antitop quark events from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of spin correlation in top quark pair production are presented using data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC with proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb$^{-1}$. Events are selected in final states with two charged leptons and at least two jets and in final states with one charged lepton and at least four jets. Four different observables sensitive to different properties of the top quark pair production mechanism are used to extract the correlation between the top and antitop quark spins. Some of these observables are measured for the first time. The measurements are in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading-order accuracy.
description: 20 pages plus author list + cover pages (33 pages total), 10 figures, 6 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. D, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2013-01/
Race and Perceptions of Rural and Urban Places
Creators: name: Sargent, Michael
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Regional Sociology
subject: Race and Ethnicity
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Rural Sociology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: In this study, Black raters and White raters will evaluate locations' racial composition (estimating the percentage of each location's population that is Black and the percentage White), as well as locations urban/rural composition (percent urban and percent rural), and also perceived desirability. A total of 70 locations will be rated, with each rater rating a random subset of 23 locations (10 out of 30 cities, 10 out of 30 states, and 3 out of 10 rural regions). Additionally, half the sample (approximately 600 in total) will be Black (~300) and half will be White (~White).
Making supersymmetric connected N =(0,2) Sigma Models
Creators: name: Shifman, Mikhail
name: Vainshtein, Arkady
name: Yung, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct "connected" (0,2) sigma models starting from n copies of (2,2) CP(N-1) models. General aspects of models of this type (known as T+O deformations) had been previously studied in the context of heterotic string theories. Our construction presents a natural generalization of the nonminimally deformed (2,2) model with an extra (0,2) fermion superfield on tangent bundle T CP(N-1) x C^1. We had thoroughly analyzed the latter model previously, found the exact beta function and a spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry. In contrast, in certain connected sigma models the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry disappears. We study the connected sigma models in the large-N limit finding supersymmetric vacua and determining the particle spectrum. While the Witten index vanishes in all the models under consideration, in these special cases of connected models one can use a permutation symmetry to define a modification of the Witten index which does not vanish. This eliminates the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry. We then examine the exact beta functions of our connected (0,2) sigma models.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure, v. 2 Sections 5 and 6 and a part of Introduction revised. The final version accepted for publication in PRD
Queering Gender Identity Formation
Creators: name: Schroeder, Ian F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014

description: This paper presents findings of a qualitative study conducted via interviews with people of various gender identities. Themes that arose in interviews included a correlation of knowledge of trans* identities and higher education, the importance of trans* identified people in discovery of non-conforming gender knowledge, socially implicit privileges for gender conformity, and complicated intersections between race and gender. Analyses of responses shed light on how gender identity formation plays out, providing important information to be used to increase access to mental health services. This study highlights the needs for research that is inclusive of gender variance.
Ultradiscrete kinks with supersonic speed in a layered crystal with realistic potentials
Creators: name: Archilla, Juan F. R.
name: Kosevich, Yuriy A.
name: Jiménez, Noé
name: Sánchez-Morcillo, Víctor J.
name: García-Raffi, Luis M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a dynamical model of the propagating nonlinear localized excitations, supersonic kinks, in the cation layer in a silicate mica crystal. We start from purely electrostatic Coulomb interaction and add the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark short-range repulsive potential and the periodic potential produced by other atoms of the lattice. This approach allows the construction of supersonic kinks which can propagate in the lattice within a large range of energies and velocities. The interparticle distances in the lattice kinks with high energy are physically reasonable values. The introduction of the periodic lattice potential results in the important feature that the kinks propagate with a single velocity and a single energy which are independent on the excitation conditions. The found kinks are ultra-discrete and can be described with the "magic wave number" $q\simeq 2π/3a$, which was previously revealed in the nonlinear sinusoidal waves and supersonic kinks in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice. The extreme discreteness of the supersonic kinks, with basically two particles moving at the same time, allows the interpretation of their double-kink structure. The energy of the supersonic kinks is between the possible source of $^{40}$K recoil in beta decay and the energy necessary for the ejection of an atom at the border as has been found experimentally.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
Understanding the Effects of a Cost-of-Living Grant Pilot on Community College Student Success
Creators: name: Bonilla, Sade
name: Lazarte, Veronica
name: Johnston, Jamie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Education Economics
subject: Higher Education
subject: Community College
subject: Education Policy
subject: Financial Aid
subject: Randomized Control Trial

description: The research team will partner with Northern Essex Community College (NECC) and Bunker Hill Community College (BHCC) to estimate the causal impact of doubling the maximum Pell Grant for full-Pell-eligible community college student (i.e., $14,000 over 2 years) on student outcomes over three years (AY2022-23 through 2024-25). A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) will be implemented assigning approximately 600 students from the Fall 2022 cohorts of NECC and BHCC to either the treatment (additional grant aid $3,500 per semester over 4 semesters) or control (no additional grant aid) group. We will follow a single cohort of students (i.e., entering Fall 2022) for three academic years, through Spring 2025.
Nursing care quality practices in pain management regarding orthopedic surgical patients: a scoping review
Creators: name: Fontes, Bárbara
name: de Moraes, Érica
name: Hipolito, Rodrigo
name: de Oliveira, Amanda
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Surgery
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Perioperative, Operating Room and Surgical Nursing
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Pain Management
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Other Nursing
subject: Orthopedics

description: This study aims to analyze evidence on quality nursing care practices in pain management regarding orthopedic surgical patients.
On the $\ell^s$-boundedness of a family of integral operators
Creators: name: Gallarati, Chiara
name: Lorist, Emiel
name: Veraar, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 42B20, Secondary: 42B25, 42B37, 46E30, 47B55

description: In this paper we prove an $\ell^s$-boundedness result for integral operators with operator-valued kernels. The proofs are based on extrapolation techniques with weights due to Rubio de Francia. The results will be applied by the first and third author in a subsequent paper where a new approach to maximal $L^p$-regularity for parabolic problems with time-dependent generator is developed.
description: Minor revision. Accepted for publication in Rev. Mat. Iberoamericana
title: Über die Reziprozität des Freuens bei politischem Handeln
Creators: name: Polak-Rottmann, Sebastian
Year: 2022

description: Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie Personen im ländlichen Japan, die politisch partizipieren, über ihr subjektives Wohlbefinden sprechen. Damit schließt die Arbeit an eine Reihe quantitativer Studien aus den Bereichen der politischen Partizipations- sowie Glücksforschung an, die bisher zu keinem eindeutigen Ergebnis hinsichtlich des Zusammenhangs der beiden Phänomene gekommen sind. Sie stützt sich stattdessen auf ein iteratives qualitatives Forschungsdesign, wo im Zuge mehrerer Aufenthalte in der ländlichen Aso-Region in Südjapan teilstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews durchgeführt und teilnehmende Beobachtung vorgenommen wurden. Das so generierte Datenmaterial wurde im Sinne der Grounded Theory sukzessive codiert, miteinander verglichen und letztlich in Form von sechs Kategorien analysiert. Diese unterschiedlichen Dimensionen des Zusammenhangs von Wohlbefinden und politischer Partizipation ermöglichen ein umfassendes Verständnis von Wohlbefinden einer japanischen ländlichen Region und liefern damit Hinweise zu einem von der Glücksforschung bisher kaum untersuchten Raum. Zudem erlaubt es der von Arendt inspirierte Zugang zu Partizipation, Aktivitäten, die für das Fortbestehen des Zusammenlebens in ländlichen Gemeinden essenziell sind, als politisch zu begreifen und damit zum Gegenstand von Partizipationsforschung zu machen. In diesem induktiv generierten Verständnis von Wohlbefinden sticht insbesondere die Reziprozität von Wohlbefinden im Prozess der politischen Handlungen als Schlüsselbeobachtung hervor. Wohlbefinden in den von demographischem Rückgang und Alterung geprägten Regionen Japans wird daher vor allem als relationales Phänomen gedeutet, dessen Bedeutung sich vor dem Hintergrund eines spezifisch ländlichen, aber auch im Alltag der Interviewpartner*innen situierten Kontextes entfaltet. So artikulieren viele der im Zuge der Studie befragten Personen ihr Wohlbefinden als etwas, das nicht nur mit der für sie besonderen Naturlandschaft zusammenhängt, sondern vor allem mit dem Erfreuen anderer Mitmenschen verbunden ist.
Issues related to medication usage experienced by people with a learning disability and their carers and interventions to address them: protocol for a scoping review
Creators: name: Chen, Yen-Fu
name: Gauly, Julia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: Medical Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Health Services Research
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Diseases
subject: Pharmacy Administration, Policy and Regulation
subject: Learning disability
subject: Long-term conditions
subject: Medication adherence
subject: Medicines management
subject: Medicines optimisation

description: This is a protocol for a scoping review to be undertaken as part of a mixed methods evidence synthesis project funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).
Towards a public analysis database for LHC new physics searches using MadAnalysis 5
Creators: name: Dumont, B.
name: Fuks, B.
name: Kraml, S.
name: Bein, S.
name: Chalons, G.
name: Conte, E.
name: Kulkarni, S.
name: Sengupta, D.
name: Wymant, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the implementation, in the MadAnalysis 5 framework, of several ATLAS and CMS searches for supersymmetry in data recorded during the first run of the LHC. We provide extensive details on the validation of our implementations and propose to create a public analysis database within this framework.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, 5 recast codes; version accepted by EPJC (Dec 22, 2014) including a new section with guidelines for the experimental collaborations as well as for potential contributors to the PAD; complementary information can be found at http://madanalysis.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/PhysicsAnalysisDatabase
title: Клинический случай пентады Кантрелла в сочетании со скелетной дисплазией у одного из плодов при многоплодной беременности
title: Clinical Case of Pentalogy of Cantrell Associated with Skeletal Dysplasia in One of the Fetuses in Multiple Pregnancy
Creators: name: Белоцерковцева, Лариса Дмитриевна
name: Ерченко, Елена Николаевна
name: Чебану, Алина Константиновна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2022

description: Цель – представить клинический случай порока развития плода – пентады Кантрелла в сочетании со скелетной дисплазией, выявленного у одного из плодов при дихориальной диамниотической двойне,
для обсуждения ведения беременности и возможных путей предотвращения развития порока. Материалы
и методы. У пациентки 37 лет во время беременности, наступившей после экстракорпорального оплодотворения, при прохождении первого ультразвукового скринингового исследования была диагностирована дихориальная диамниотическая двойня и множественные врожденные пороки развития у одного из плодов: пентада
Кантрелла в сочетании со скелетной дисплазией (диафрагмальная грыжа, торакоабдоминальная эктопия сердца, врожденные интракардиальные дефекты, дефект в поясничном отделе, деформация крестцово-копчикового отдела, обширный срединный надпупочный дефект, печень и петли кишечника вне брюшной полости, деформация нижних конечностей). Результаты. Пентада Кантрелла – тяжелый вариант сочетанного врожденного порока с высоким риском неблагоприятного исхода. Решение о пролонгировании беременности было принято ввиду наличия второго жизнеспособного здорового плода.
description: Abstract. The study aims to present a clinical case of fetal malformation, namely pentalogy of Cantrell
associated with skeletal dysplasia, detected in one of the fetuses in dichorionic diamniotic twins to discuss
pregnancy management and possible ways to prevent the progression of malformation. Materials and methods.
37-year-old patient, who got pregnant via in vitro fertilization, was diagnosed with dichorionic diamniotic twins
and multiple congenital malformations in one of the fetuses, namely pentalogy of Cantrell associated with skeletal
dysplasia (diaphragmatic hernia, thoracoabdominal ectopic cordis, congenital intracardial defects, lumbar spine
malformation, sacrococcygeal deformity, extensive median suprapubic deformity, liver and intestinal loops outside
the abdominal cavity, deformity of the lower extremities). Results. Pentalogy of Cantrell is a severe variant of
associated congenital malformation with a high risk of an unfavorable outcome. The decision to prolong pregnancy
was made due to the other viable and healthy fetus.
Grand Rip and Grand Bang/Crunch cosmological singularities
Creators: name: Fernández-Jambrina, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present accelerated expansion of the universe has enriched the list of possible scenarios for its fate, singular or not. In this paper a unifying framework for analyzing such behaviors is proposed, based on generalized power and asymptotic expansions of the barotropic index $w$, or equivalently of the deceleration parameter $q$, in terms of the time coordinate. Besides well known singular and non-singular future behaviors, other types of strong singularities appear around the phantom divide in flat models, with features similar to those of big rip or big bang/crunch, which we have dubbed grand rip and grand bang/crunch respectively, since energy density and pressure diverge faster than $t^{-2}$ in coordinate time. In addition to this, the scale factor does not admit convergent generalized power series around these singularities with a finite number of terms with negative powers.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. Typos amended
Interlaced spin grating for optical wave filtering
Creators: name: Linget, Héloïse
name: Chanelière, Thierry
name: Gouët, Jean-Louis Le
name: Berger, Perrine
name: Morvan, Loïc
name: Louchet-Chauvet, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V45

description: Interlaced Spin Grating is a scheme for the preparation of spectro-spatial periodic absorption gratings in a inhomogeneously broadened absorption profile. It relies on the optical pumping of atoms in a nearby long-lived ground state sublevel. The scheme takes advantage of the sublevel proximity to build large contrast gratings with unlimited bandwidth and preserved average optical depth. It is particularly suited to Tm-doped crystals in the context of classical and quantum signal processing. In this paper, we study the optical pumping dynamics at play in an Interlaced Spin Grating and describe the corresponding absorption profile shape in an optically thick atomic ensemble. We show that, in Tm:YAG, the diffraction efficiency of such a grating can reach 18.3% in the small angle, and 11.6% in the large angle configuration when the excitation is made of simple pulse pairs, considerably outperforming conventional gratings.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures in Physical Review A, 2015
Probing Majorana Physics in Quantum Dot Shot Noise Experiments
Creators: name: Liu, Dong E.
name: Cheng, Meng
name: Lutchyn, Roman M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum dot coupled to a topological superconductor and two normal leads and study transport properties of the system. Using Keldysh path-integral approach, we study current fluctuations (shot noise) within the low-energy effective theory. We argue that the combination of the tunneling conductance and the shot noise through a quantum dot allows one to distinguish between the topological (Majorana) and non-topological (e.g., Kondo) origin of the zero-bias conduction peak. Specifically, we show that, while the tunneling conductance might exhibit zero-bias anomaly due to Majorana or Kondo physics, the shot noise is qualitatively different in the presence of Majorana zero modes.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, with appendix, references updated
Looking for hints of a reconstructible seesaw model at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Bambhaniya, Gulab
name: Goswami, Srubabati
name: Khan, Subrata
name: Konar, Partha
name: Mondal, Tanmoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of heavy neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) through the dominant s-channel production mode as well as the vector boson fusion (VBF) process. We consider the TeV scale minimal linear seesaw model containing two heavy singlets with opposite lepton number. This model is fully reconstructible from oscillation data apart from an overall normalization constant which can be constrained from meta-stability of the electroweak vacuum and bounds coming from lepton flavor violation (LFV) searches. Dirac nature of heavy neutrinos in this model implies suppression of the conventional same-sign-dilepton signal at the LHC. We analyze the collider signatures with tri-lepton final state and missing transverse energy as well as VBF type signals which are characterized by two additional forward tagged jets. Our investigation reveals that due to stringent constraints on light-heavy mixing coming from LFV and meta-stability bounds, the model can be explored only for light to moderate mass range of heavy neutrinos. We also note that in case of a positive signal, flavor counting of the final tri-lepton channel can give information about the mass hierarchy of the light neutrinos.
description: v2: Matches with published version. v1: 19 Pages, 5 figures. Comments are welcome
title: Spirituelle Langeweile
Creators: name: Porics, Caroline
Year: 2022

description: Yoga als eine ganzheitliche Praxis für Körper und Geist wird immer bekannter und beliebter. Obwohl Yoga erwiesenermaßen gut für den Menschen ist, lehnen es doch viele ab. Eine mögliche Ursache könnte eine oftmals berichtete Langeweile während der Yoga-Praxis sein. Langeweile führt unter anderem zu einer verringerten Aufmerksamkeit und einer zukünftigen Vermeidungsmotivation. Nach der Kontroll-Wert-Theorie entsteht Langeweile durch die subjektive Bewertung einer Situation oder Tätigkeit. Oftmals sind mangelnde Wertbewertungen und zu hohe/zu niedrige Kontrollbewertungen der Auslöser von Langeweile. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die aus der Kontroll-Wert-Theorie erprobten Annahmen aus dem Lern- und Leistungskontext im spirituellen Kontext der Yoga-Praxis zu prüfen und die Intensität von habitueller und situativer Langeweile dabei zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde folgende Forschungsfrage aufgestellt: „Was sind Ursachen und Wirkungen von Langeweile in der Yoga- Praxis?“. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurden zwei quantitative Online- Befragungen durchgeführt, welche habituelle (Studie 1, N=256, 77% weiblich) und situative Langeweile (Studie 2, N=57, 84% weiblich) im Yoga-Kontext untersuchten. Eine empfundene Über-und Unterforderung (Kontrollbewertung) sowie eine geringe Relevanz (Wertbewertung) hängen signifikant positiv mit dem Empfinden von Langeweile in der Yoga-Praxis zusammen. Habituelle Langeweile zeigt sich im Gegensatz zu situativer Langeweile in der Yoga-Praxis als einheitliches Konstrukt, welches in den einzelnen Aspekten einer Yoga-Einheit konstant bleibt. Die Studie dient als Erweiterung des Forschungsstandes zur Kontroll-Wert-Theorie. Weitere Studien zur Replikation und Prüfung der Befunde werden empfohlen.
description: Practicing yoga can be a holistic experience for mind and body and has become quite popular over the last years. However, many people still reject it, even though yoga has been proved to be beneficial for mental and physical health. This rejection might be due to the fact that yoga is often associated with boredom during yoga sessions. Boredom often leads to inattentiveness and can result in lack of motivation. According to the control-value theory, boredom is the consequence of lack of value and inappropriate control. The aim of this thesis is to apply this theory to the context of yoga in order to find out about the intensity of boredom. In order to do so, the following question was raised: What are the causes of boredom in yoga sessions? Two online studies were conducted which focus on trait boredom (study 1, N=256, 77% female) and state boredom (study 2, N=57, 84% female). It can be concluded that most assumptions of the control-value theory proved to be correct. Inappropriate control and a lack of value significantly influence the feeling of boredom. This thesis can serve as an extension of the control-value theory and further studies that might investigate and reassess the findings can be recommended.
Equivariant cohomology Chern numbers determine equivariant unitary bordism for torus groups
Creators: name: Lü, Zhi
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R85, 57R20, 55N22, 57R91, 19L47, 19L10

description: This paper shows that the integral equivariant cohomology Chern numbers completely determine the equivariant geometric unitary bordism classes of closed unitary $G$-manifolds, which gives an affirmative answer to the conjecture posed by Guillemin--Ginzburg--Karshon in [20, Remark H.5, $\S3$, Appendix H], where $G$ is a torus. As a further application, we also obtain a satisfactory solution of [20, Question (A), $\S1.1$, Appendix H] on unitary Hamiltonian $G$-manifolds. Our key ingredients in the proof are the universal toric genus defined by Buchstaber--Panov--Ray and the Kronecker pairing of bordism and cobordism. Our approach heavily exploits Quillen's geometric interpretation of homotopic unitary cobordism theory. Moreover, this method can also be applied to the study of $({\Bbb Z}_2)^k$-equivariant unoriented bordism and can still derive the classical result of tom Dieck.
description: 13 pages. This is the new version to cover the previous version "Equivariant unitary bordism and equivariant cohomology Chern numbers" in 2014
title: Dramagrammatik - Entwicklungen, Chancen und Herausforderungen dramapädagogischer Grammatikvermittlung im Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprachenunterricht
Creators: name: Sprenger, Rebecca
Year: 2022

description: Das Ziel vorliegender Abschlussarbeit war, die Entwicklungen, Chancen und Herausforderungen eines dramagrammatischen Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprachenunterrichts darzulegen und die daraus resultierende Relevanz aufzuzeigen, den Fremdsprachenunterricht (möglichst oft) mit Hilfe dramapädagogischer bzw. dramagrammatischer Einheiten, Übungen und Methoden zu gestalten. Nebst einem theoretischen und historischen Abriss, welcher die Entwicklungen eines dramapädagogischen Fremdsprachen- bzw. Grammatikunterrichts skizzierte und einordnete, konnten die Vorteile eines dramagrammatischen Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprachenunterrichts auch durch aktuelle, neurologische Erkenntnisse untermauert werden. Anhand einer kommentierten Sammlung von konkreten Anwendungsbeispielen wurden die gewonnenen theoretischen Erkenntnisse veranschaulicht. Daneben wurde wiederholt deutlich, dass ein dramagrammatischer Fremd- und Zweitsprachenunterricht sehr einfach, gewinnbringend und zielführend umgesetzt werden kann.
A magnetic reconnection model for explaining the multi-wavelength emission of the microquasars Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3
Creators: name: Khiali, Behrouz
name: Pino, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal
name: del Valle, Maria V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have indicated that cosmic ray acceleration by a first-order Fermi process in magnetic reconnection current sheets can be efficient enough in the surrounds of compact sources. In this work, we discuss this acceleration mechanism operating in the core region of galactic black hole binaries (or microquasars) and show the conditions under which this can be more efficient than shock acceleration. In addition, we compare the corresponding acceleration rate with the relevant radiative loss rates obtaining the possible energy cut-off of the accelerated particles and also compute the expected spectral energy distribution (SED) for two sources of this class, namely Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3, considering both leptonic and hadronic processes. The derived SEDs are comparable to the observed ones in the low and high energy ranges. Our results suggest that hadronic non-thermal emission due to photo-meson production may produce the very high energy gamma-rays in these microquasars.
description: 17 pages and 7 figures. Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Deep Learning-Based Anomaly Detection in TLS Encrypted Traffic
Creators: name: Ayano, Kehinde
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460403
subject: Data security and protection
classificationCode: 460407
subject: System and network security
classificationCode: 460402
subject: Data and information privacy
classificationCode: 460499
subject: Cybersecurity and privacy not elsewhere classified

description: The growing trend of encrypted network traffic is changing the cybersecurity threat scene. Most critical infrastructures and organizations enhance service delivery by embracing digital platforms and applications that use encryption to ensure that data and Information are moved across networks in an encrypted form to improve security. While this protects data confidentiality, hackers are also taking advantage of encrypted network traffic to hide malicious software known as malware that will easily bypass the conventional detection mechanisms on the system because the traffic is not transparent for the monitoring mechanism on the system to analyze. Cybercriminals leverage encryption using cryptographic protocols such as SSL/TLS to launch malicious attacks. This hidden threat exists because of the SSL encryption of benign traffic. Hence, there is a need for visibility in encrypted traffic. This research was conducted to detect malware in encrypted network traffic without decryption. The existing solution involves bulk decryption, analysis, and re-encryption. However, this method is prone to privacy issues, is not cost-efficient, and is time-consuming, creating huge overhead on the network. In addition, limited research exists on detecting malware in encrypted traffic without decryption. There is a need to strike a balance between security and privacy by building an intelligent framework that can detect malicious activity in encrypted network traffic without decrypting the traffic prior to inspection. With the payload still encrypted, the study focuses on extracting metadata from flow features to train the machine-learning model. It further deployed this set of features as input to an autoencoder, leveraging the construction error of the autoencoder for anomaly detection.
COMPLIANCE, AVOIDANCE, AND EVASION IN TAXATION: THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALS - THE BRIGHT AREA - LINE OF INQUIRY
Creators: name: Grasso, Costantino
name: Ring, Diane
name: Vozza, Donato
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: tax
professionals

description: This is the line of inquiry developed for the topic covered under the second part of the event "Compliance, Avoidance, and Evasion in Taxation: The Role of Professionals – The Bright Area." The related research activity was designed to engage in a thematic examination of the the "bright area" in taxation, characterized by ethical and lawful conduct. Specifically, it investigates the key role played by professionals in the area of tax compliance with a special emphasis on ethical approaches and adherence to the rule of law. The research encompasses a cohesive and interconnected set of research questions, serving as the groundwork for subsequent investigations. These investigations will involve various components, including a systematic review of existing literature and the research outcomes generated during the VIRTEU project research activities. The aim of this study is to contribute to the cumulative understanding of the current state of knowledge concerning the above-mentioned research topic. The video recordings of all the sessions are published online and accessible on the Corporate Crime Observatory.
title: Epidemiologische Modelle im Mathematikunterricht der Sekundarstufe II anhand von SARS-CoV-2
Creators: name: Heindler, Claudia
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von epidemiologischen Modellen im Mathematikunterricht der Sekundarstufe II anhand von SARS-CoV-2. Um ein Verständnis für Übertragungsmechanismen sowie Vorhersagen über Krankheitsausbreitungen treffen zu können, greifen Epidemiolog:innen auf mathematische Modelle zurück. Diese mathematischen Modelle können Richtlinien-Empfehlungen zum Umgang und Management einer Epidemie liefern sowie die aktuelle Gesundheitssituation detailliert beschreiben. Jener Teilbereich der Mathematik, dem das Modellieren zugeordnet werden kann, ist jener der angewandten Mathematik. Diese spielt auch in im Mathematikunterricht eine wichtige Rolle: In der Schulmathematik sollen Alltags- und Anwendungsbezüge der Mathematik hergestellt werden, um einerseits die Motivation der Lernenden zu fördern, aber auch um die Ausbildung mündiger Bürger:innen sicherzustellen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit Aspekten der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie im Mathematikunterricht bietet daher gerade in der jetzigen Zeit einen aktuellen Alltags- und Anwendungsbezug. Typische, offene Modellierungsaufgaben sind jedoch einerseits oftmals für die Schüler:innen der Sekundarstufe II sehr überfordernd. Andererseits sind ebendiese Modellierungsaufgaben häufig auch sehr zeitintensiv. Im alltäglichen Schulunterricht bleibt aufgrund des dichten Lehrplans und des Grundkompetenzkatalogs für die standardisierte Reifeprüfung nicht viel Zeit, sich diesen intensiven Modellierungsprozessen zu widmen. Daher werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Aufgabenstellungen inklusive Musterlösungen konzipiert, die passgenau dem Mathematik-Lehrplan der Sekundarstufe II sowie dem Grundkompetenzkatalog zugeordnet werden können. Die konzipierten Aufgabenstellungen beinhalten jeweils nur einzelne Teilaspekte des Modellierungsprozesses und sind somit weniger zeitintensiv als typische, offene Modellierungsaufgaben.
On the relationship between Gaussian stochastic blockmodels and label propagation algorithms
Creators: name: Zhang, Junhao
name: Chen, Tongfei
name: Hu, Junfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of community detection receives great attention in recent years. Many methods have been proposed to discover communities in networks. In this paper, we propose a Gaussian stochastic blockmodel that uses Gaussian distributions to fit weight of edges in networks for non-overlapping community detection. The maximum likelihood estimation of this model has the same objective function as general label propagation with node preference. The node preference of a specific vertex turns out to be a value proportional to the intra-community eigenvector centrality (the corresponding entry in principal eigenvector of the adjacency matrix of the subgraph inside that vertex's community) under maximum likelihood estimation. Additionally, the maximum likelihood estimation of a constrained version of our model is highly related to another extension of label propagation algorithm, namely, the label propagation algorithm under constraint. Experiments show that the proposed Gaussian stochastic blockmodel performs well on various benchmark networks.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures
On the dynamics of a class of multi-group models for vector-borne diseases
Creators: name: Iggidr, Abderrahman
name: Sallet, Gauthier
name: Souza, Max O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34D20, 34D23, 37N25, 92D30

description: The resurgence of vector-borne diseases is an increasing public health concern, and there is a need for a better understanding of their dynamics. For a number of diseases, e.g. dengue and chikungunya, this resurgence occurs mostly in urban environments, which are naturally very heterogeneous, particularly due to population circulation. In this scenario, there is an increasing interest in both multi-patch and multi-group models for such diseases. In this work, we study the dynamics of a vector borne disease within a class of multi-group models that extends the classical Bailey-Dietz model. This class includes many of the proposed models in the literature, and it can accommodate various functional forms of the infection force. For such models, the vector-host/host-vector contact network topology gives rise to a bipartite graph which has different properties from the ones usually found in directly transmitted diseases. Under the assumption that the contact network is strongly connected, we can define the basic reproductive number $\mathcal{R}_0$ and show that this system has only two equilibria: the so called disease free equilibrium (DFE); and a unique interior equilibrium---usually termed the endemic equilibrium (EE)---that exists if, and only if, $\mathcal{R}_0>1$. We also show that, if $\mathcal{R}_0\leq1$, then the DFE equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, while when $\mathcal{R}_0>1$, we have that the EE is globally asymptotically stable.
Induced vacuum bosonic current by magnetic flux in a higher dimensional compactified cosmic string spacetime
Creators: name: Bragança, E. A. F.
name: Mota, H. F. Santana
name: de Mello, E. R. Bezerra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyse the bosonic current densities induced by a magnetic flux running along an idealized cosmic string in a high-dimensional spacetime, admitting that the coordinate along the string's axis is compactified. Additionally we admit the presence of an magnetic flux enclosed by the compactification axis. In order to develop this analysis we calculate the complete set of normalized bosonic wave-functions obeying a quasiperiodicity condition, with arbitrary phase $β$, along the compactified dimension. In this context, only azimuthal and axial currents densities take place. As to the azimuthal current, two contributions appear. The first contribution corresponds to the standard azimuthal current in a cosmic string spacetime without compactification, while the second contribution is a new one, induced by the compactification itself. The latter is an even function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the string axis and is an odd function of the magnetic flux along its core with period equal to quantum flux, $Φ_0=2π/e$. On the other hand, the nonzero axial current density is an even function of the magnetic flux along the core of the string and an odd function of the magnetic flux enclosed by it. We also find that the axial current density vanishes for untwisted and twisted bosonic fields in the absence of the magnetic flux enclosed by the string axis. Some asymptotic expressions for the current density are provided for specific limiting cases of the physical parameter of the model.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures. Paper accepted for publication in IJMPD