cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coarse grained short-range correlations
Creators: name: Simo, I. Ruiz
name: Perez, R. Navarro
name: Amaro, J. E.
name: Arriola, E. Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a scheme to take into account the effects of short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations in the nucleon-pair wave function by solving the Bethe-Goldstone equation for a coarse grained delta shell potential in S-wave configuration. The S-wave delta shell potential has been adjusted to reproduce the $^1$S$_0$ phase shifts of the AV18 potential for this partial wave up to 2 GeV in the laboratory kinetic energy. We show that a coarse grained potential can describe the high momentum tail of the back-to-back correlated pairs and the $G$-matrix in momentum space. We discuss the easiness and robustness of the calculation in coordinate space and the future improvements and utilities of this model. This work suggests the possibility of using perturbation theory for describing the short-range correlations, and related to this, to substitute the $G$-matrix by an appropriate coarse-grained potential.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures and one table. Accepted version in Physical Review C
Test-beam demonstration of a TORCH prototype module
Creators: name: Smallwood, J. C.
name: Bhasin, S.
name: Blake, T.
name: Brook, N. H.
name: Cicala, M. F.
name: Conneely, T.
name: Cussans, D.
name: van Dijk, M. W. U.
name: Forty, R.
name: Frei, C.
name: Gabriel, E. P. M.
name: Gao, R.
name: Gershon, T.
name: Gys, T.
name: Hadavizadeh, T.
name: Hancock, T. H.
name: Harnew, N.
name: Kreps, M.
name: Milnes, J.
name: Piedigrossi, D.
name: Rademacker, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The TORCH time-of-flight detector is designed to provide a 15 ps timing resolution for charged particles, resulting in $π$/$K$ particle identification up to 10 GeV/c momentum over a 10 m flight path. Cherenkov photons, produced in a quartz plate of 10 mm thickness, are focused onto an array of micro-channel plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs) which measure the photon arrival times and spatial positions. A half-scale ($660\times1250\times10$ mm$^3$) TORCH demonstrator module has been tested in an 8 GeV/c mixed proton-pion beam at CERN. Customised square MCP-PMTs of active area $53\times53$ mm$^2$ and granularity $64\times64$ pixels have been employed, which have been developed in collaboration with an industrial partner. The single-photon timing performance and photon yields have been measured as a function of beam position in the radiator, giving measurements which are consistent with expectations. The expected performance of TORCH for high luminosity running of the LHCb Upgrade II has been simulated.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the TIPP2021 Conference, TRIUMF, 24 - 28 May 2021, submitted to IoP Conference Series
A Strange Metal from Gutzwiller correlations in infinite dimensions II: Transverse Transport, Optical Response and Rise of Two Relaxation Rates
Creators: name: Ding, Wenxin
name: Žitko, Rok
name: Shastry, B Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using two approaches to strongly correlated systems, the extremely correlated Fermi liquid theory and the dynamical mean field theory, we compute the transverse transport coefficients, namely the Hall constants $R_H$ and Hall angles $θ_H$, and also the longitudinal and transverse optical response of the $U=\infty$ Hubbard model in the limit of infinite dimensions. We focus on two successive low-temperature regimes, the Gutzwiller correlated Fermi liquid (GCFL) and the Gutzwiller correlated strange metal (GCSM). We find that the Hall angles $\cot θ_H \propto T^2$ in the GCFL regime, on warming into the strange metal regime, it passes through a downward bend and continues as $T^2$. Equivalently, $R_H$ is weakly temperature dependent in the GCFL regime, and becomes strongly $T$-dependent in the GCSM regime. Drude peaks are found for both the longitudinal optical conductivity $σ_{xx}(ω)$ and the optical Hall angles $\tan θ_H(ω)$ below certain characteristic energy scales. By comparing the relaxation rates extracted from fitting to the Drude formula, we find that in the GCFL regime there is a single relaxation rate controlling both longitudinal and transverse transport, while in the GCSM regime two independent relaxation rates emerge. We trace the origin of this behavior to the dynamical particle-hole asymmetry of the Dyson self-energy, arguably a generic feature of doped Mott insulators.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Regulation of cardiomyocyte adhesion and mechanosignalling through distinct nanoscale behaviour of integrin ligands mimicking healthy or fibrotic extracellular matrix
Creators: name: Hawkes, William
name: Marhuenda, Emilie
name: Reynolds, Paul
name: O'Neill, Caoimhe
name: Pandey, Pragati
name: Samuel Wilson, Darren Graham
name: Freeley, Mark
name: Huang, Da
name: Hu, Junquiang
name: Gondarenko, Sasha
name: Hone, James
name: Gadegaard, Nikolaj
name: Palma, Matteo
name: Iskratsch, Thomas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biophysics
Cell Biology
Biological Engineering

description: Supplementary Figures S1-S3 and Table 1
Are pulsars spun up or down by SASI spiral modes?
Creators: name: Kazeroni, Rémi
name: Guilet, Jérôme
name: Foglizzo, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsars may either be spun up or down by hydrodynamic instabilities during the supernova explosion of massive stars. Besides rapidly-rotating cases related to bipolar explosions, stellar rotation may affect the explosion of massive stars in the more common situations where the centrifugal force is minor. Using 2D simulations of a simplified setup in cylindrical geometry, we examine the impact of rotation on the Standing Accretion Shock Instability (SASI) and the corotation instability, also known as low-T/|W|. The influence of rotation on the saturation amplitude of these instabilities depends on the specific angular momentum in the accretion flow and the ratio of the shock to the neutron star radii. The spiral mode of SASI becomes more vigorous with faster rotation only if this ratio is large enough. A corotation instability develops at large rotation rates and impacts the dynamics more dramatically, leading to a strong one-armed spiral wave. Non-axisymmetric instabilities are able to redistribute angular momentum radially and affect the pulsar spin at birth. A systematic study of the relationship between the core rotation period of the progenitor and the initial pulsar spin is performed. Stellar rotation rates for which pulsars are spun up or down by SASI are estimated. Rapidly spinning progenitors are modestly spun down by spiral modes, less than $\sim 30\%$, when a corotation instability develops. Given the observational constraints on pulsar spin periods at birth, this suggests that rapid rotation might not play a significant hydrodynamic role in most core-collapse supernovae.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor changes following the referee report, figures 1 and 2 added
Deep submillimeter and radio observations in the SSA22 field. I. Powering sources and Lyα escape fraction of Lyα blobs
Creators: name: Ao, Y.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Iono, D.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Geach, J.
name: Hatsukade, B.
name: Hayes, M.
name: Hine, N. K.
name: Kato, Y.
name: Kawabe, R.
name: Kohno, K.
name: Kubo, M.
name: Lehnert, M.
name: Malkan, M.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Nagao, T.
name: Norris, R. P.
name: Ouchi, M.
name: Saito, T.
name: Tamura, Y.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Umehata, H.
name: Weiss, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the heating mechanisms and Lyα escape fractions of 35 Lyα blobs (LABs) at z = 3.1 in the SSA22 field. Dust continuum sources have been identified in 11 of the 35 LABs, all with star formation rates (SFRs) above 100 Msun/yr. Likely radio counterparts are detected in 9 out of 29 investigated LABs. The detection of submm dust emission is more linked to the physical size of the Lyα emission than to the Lyα luminosities of the LABs. A radio excess in the submm/radio detected LABs is common, hinting at the presence of active galactic nuclei. Most radio sources without X-ray counterparts are located at the centers of the LABs. However, all X-ray counterparts avoid the central regions. This may be explained by absorption due to exceptionally large column densities along the line-of-sight or by LAB morphologies, which are highly orientation dependent. The median Lyα escape fraction is about 3\% among the submm-detected LABs, which is lower than a lower limit of 11\% for the submm-undetected LABs. We suspect that the large difference is due to the high dust attenuation supported by the large SFRs, the dense large-scale environment as well as large uncertainties in the extinction corrections required to apply when interpreting optical data.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, ready for publication on ApJ
Transition Edge Sensor Chip Design of Modular CEνNS Detector for the Ricochet Experiment
Creators: name: Chen, R.
name: Pinckney, H. Douglas
name: Figueroa-Feliciano, E.
name: Hong, Z.
name: Schmidt, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment aims to perform a precision measurement of the CE$ν$NS spectrum at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The experiment will employ an array of cryogenic thermal detectors, each with a mass of around 30 g and an energy threshold of 50 eV. One section of this array will contain 9 Transition Edge Sensor (TES) based calorimeters. The design will not only fulfill requirements for Ricochet, but also act as a demonstrator for future neutrino experiments that will require thousands of macroscopic detectors. In this article we present an updated TES chip design as well as performance predictions based on a numerical modeling.
Holography of Wi-Fi radiation
Creators: name: Holl, Philipp
name: Reinhard, Friedemann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wireless data transmission systems such as WiFi or Bluetooth emit coherent light - electromagnetic waves with precisely known amplitude and phase. Propagating in space, this radiation forms a hologram - a two-dimensional wavefront encoding a three-dimensional view of all objects traversed by the light beam. Here we demonstrate a scheme to record this hologram in a phase-coherent fashion across a meter-sized imaging region. We recover three-dimensional views of objects and emitters by feeding the resulting data into digital reconstruction algorithms. Employing a digital implementation of dark field propagation to suppress multipath reflection we significantly enhance the quality of the resulting images.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Influence of the Magnetic Sub-Lattices in the Double Perovskite Compound LaCaNiReO$_6$
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Forslund, Ola Kenji
name: Nocerino, Elisabetta
name: Johansson, Fredrik O. L.
name: Simutis, Gediminas
name: Matsubara, Nami
name: Morris, Gerald
name: Hitti, Bassam
name: Arseneau, Donald
name: Orain, Jean-Christophe
name: Pomjakushin, Vladimir
name: Svedlindh, Peter
name: Andreica, Daniel
name: Börjesson, Lars
name: Sugiyama, Jun
name: Månsson, Martin
name: Sassa, Yasmine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetism of double perovskites is a complex phenomenon, determined from intra- or interatomic magnetic moment interactions, and strongly influenced by geometry. We take advantage of the complementary length and time scales of the muon spin rotation, relaxation and resonance ($μ^+$SR) microscopic technique and bulk AC/DC magnetic susceptibility measurements to study the magnetic phases of the LaCaNiReO$_6$ double perovskite. As a result we are able to discern and report a newly found dynamic phase transition and the formation of magnetic domains below and above the known magnetic transition of this compound at T$_N$ = 103 K. $μ^+$SR, serving as a local probe at crystallographic interstitial sites, reveals a transition from a metastable ferrimagnetic ordering below T = 103 K to a stable one below T = 30 K. The fast and slow collective dynamic state of this system are investigated. Between 103 K < T < 230 K, the following two magnetic environments appear, a dense spin region and a static-dilute spin region. The paramagnetic state is obtained only above T > 270 K. An evolution of the interaction between Ni and Re magnetic sublattices in this geometrically frustrated fcc perovskite structure, is revealed as a function of temperature and magnetic field, through the critical behaviour and thermal evolution of microscopic and macroscopic physical quantities.
Robust Moving Target Defence Against False Data Injection Attacks in Power Grids
Creators: name: Xu, Wangkun
name: Jaimoukha, Imad M.
name: Teng, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, moving target defence (MTD) has been proposed to thwart false data injection (FDI) attacks in power system state estimation by proactively triggering the distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices. One of the key challenges for MTD in power grid is to design its real-time implementation with performance guarantees against unknown attacks. Converting from the noiseless assumptions in the literature, this paper investigates the MTD design problem in a noisy environment and proposes, for the first time, the concept of robust MTD to guarantee the worst-case detection rate against all unknown attacks. We theoretically prove that, for any given MTD strategy, the minimal principal angle between the Jacobian subspaces corresponds to the worst-case performance against all potential attacks. Based on this finding, robust MTD algorithms are formulated for the systems with both complete and incomplete configurations. Extensive simulations using standard IEEE benchmark systems demonstrate the improved average and worst-case performances of the proposed robust MTD against state-of-the-art algorithms. All codes are available at https://github.com/xuwkk/Robust_MTD.
Exploiting Sparsity in the Coefficient Matching Conditions in Sum-of-Squares Programming using ADMM
Creators: name: Zheng, Yang
name: Fantuzzi, Giovanni
name: Papachristodoulou, Antonis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper introduces an efficient first-order method based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to solve semidefinite programs (SDPs) arising from sum-of-squares (SOS) programming. We exploit the sparsity of the \emph{coefficient matching conditions} when SOS programs are formulated in the usual monomial basis to reduce the computational cost of the ADMM algorithm. Each iteration of our algorithm requires one projection onto the positive semidefinite cone and the solution of multiple quadratic programs with closed-form solutions free of any matrix inversion. Our techniques are implemented in the open-source MATLAB solver SOSADMM. Numerical experiments on SOS problems arising from unconstrained polynomial minimization and from Lyapunov stability analysis for polynomial systems show speed-ups compared to the interior-point solver SeDuMi, and the first-order solver CDCS.
description: 6 pages; Codes available from https://github.com/zhengy09/SOSADMM; accepted in the IEEE Control Systems Letters
title: Учебная геодезическая практика
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Липецкий государственный технический университет, Профобразование
Year: 2023

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены основы поверки геодезических приборов, в частности поверки и юстировки теодолита, нивелира. Приведена характеристика топографической (тахеометрической) съемки, полевого трассирования; изложены этапы разбивочных работ. Подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования. Предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по специальностям 07.02.01 «Архитектура», 08.02.01 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», изучающих дисциплину «Учебная геодезическая практика».
Bureaucratic behavior at the frontline: three essays on the police and the public
Creators: name: Kang, Inkyu
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: How can we motivate civil servants to behave in ways consistent with public demands? How can we address distrust in government that also inhibits performance of civil servants? This dissertation, which consists of three essays, builds on existing theories to address these big questions in public management from a street-level angle, with an empirical focus on policing. Chapter 2 explores how body-worn cameras shape police behavior, drawing on theories of bureaucratic accountability and control. Bayesian structural time-series modeling was employed to examine the New Orleans Police Department, an agency that was under pressure to improve frontline accountability. Results demonstrate that recording video footage incentivized officers to be more responsive to performative as well as procedural demands, yet failed to affect some desired outcomes such as racial disparities in police actions. Chapter 3, on the contrary, explores how representation of marginalized groups in police shapes police behavior. Combining insights from social identity theory and representative bureaucracy, two discrete-choice conjoint experiments were performed in the Korean National Police, an agency that has faced pressure to enhance gender equity. Results demonstrate that, compared with male officers, female officers are more likely to represent the preferences of female clients when their task involves salient female disadvantages, such as intimate-partner violence. Improving police behavior is important, but is it enough to enhance public confidence in police? Drawing on policy feedback theory, Chapter 4 addresses this follow-up question using a high-profile policy change: Arizona S.B.1070 and its copycat immigration enforcement laws. These laws faced criticisms for accelerating racial profiling against Hispanics and Latinos, but their actual implementation by frontline officers was delayed and ultimately restricted by the courts. Nevertheless, results of difference-in-differences analyses demonstrate that the passage of these laws had a disproportionately negative impact on confidence in police among Hispanics and Latinos compared with the rest of society. The findings of this dissertation highlight the importance of bureaucrats’ willingness and capacity to meet public demands without necessarily being directed by control mechanisms to do so, as well as a need to integrate policy and management angles to tackle critical issues in citizen-state interactions.
Development of Superconducting On-chip Fourier Transform Spectrometers
Creators: name: Thakur, R. Basu
name: Steiger, A.
name: Shu, S.
name: Faramarzi, F.
name: Klimovich, N.
name: Day, P. K.
name: Shirokoff, E.
name: Mauskopf, P. D.
name: Barry, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting On-chip Fourier Transform Spectrometers (SOFTS) are broadband, compact and electronic interferometers. Being extremely compact, SOFTS can fit into standard antenna coupled detector architectures. SOFTS will enable kilo-pixel spectro-imaging focal planes enhancing sub-millimeter science; particularly cluster astrophysics / cosmology, CMB-science and line intensity mapping. This proceeding details the development, design and bench-marking of RF on-chip architecture of SOFTS for Ka and W bands.
Scaling limit of the uniform prudent walk
Creators: name: Pétrélis, Nicolas
name: Sun, Rongfeng
name: Torri, Niccolò
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B41 (Primary), 60F05, 60K35 (Secondary)

description: We study the 2-dimensional uniform prudent self-avoiding walk, which assigns equal probability to all nearest-neighbor self-avoiding paths of a fixed length that respect the prudent condition, namely, the path cannot take any step in the direction of a previously visited site. The uniform prudent walk has been investigated with combinatorial techniques in [Bousquet-Mélou, 2010], while another variant, the kinetic prudent walk has been analyzed in detail in [Beffara, Friedli and Velenik, 2010]. In this paper, we prove that the $2$-dimensional uniform prudent walk is ballistic and follows one of the $4$ diagonals with equal probability. We also establish a functional central limit theorem for the fluctuations of the path around the diagonal.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
AnchorGAE: General Data Clustering via $O(n)$ Bipartite Graph Convolution
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongyuan
name: Shi, Jiankun
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Li, Xuelong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since the representative capacity of graph-based clustering methods is usually limited by the graph constructed on the original features, it is attractive to find whether graph neural networks (GNNs) can be applied to augment the capacity. The core problems mainly come from two aspects: (1) the graph is unavailable in the most clustering scenes so that how to construct high-quality graphs on the non-graph data is usually the most important part; (2) given n samples, the graph-based clustering methods usually consume at least $\mathcal O(n^2)$ time to build graphs and the graph convolution requires nearly $\mathcal O(n^2)$ for a dense graph and $\mathcal O(|\mathcal{E}|)$ for a sparse one with $|\mathcal{E}|$ edges. Accordingly, both graph-based clustering and GNNs suffer from the severe inefficiency problem. To tackle these problems, we propose a novel clustering method, AnchorGAE, with the self-supervised estimation of graph and efficient graph convolution. We first show how to convert a non-graph dataset into a graph dataset, by introducing the generative graph model and anchors. We then show that the constructed bipartite graph can reduce the computational complexity of graph convolution from $\mathcal O(n^2)$ and $\mathcal O(|\mathcal{E}|)$ to $\mathcal O(n)$. The succeeding steps for clustering can be easily designed as $\mathcal O(n)$ operations. Interestingly, the anchors naturally lead to siamese architecture with the help of the Markov process. Furthermore, the estimated bipartite graph is updated dynamically according to the features extracted by GNN, to promote the quality of the graph. However, we theoretically prove that the self-supervised paradigm frequently results in a collapse that often occurs after 2-3 update iterations in experiments, especially when the model is well-trained. A specific strategy is accordingly designed to prevent the collapse.
description: copyright 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Modeling and simulation of thermally actuated bilayer plates
Creators: name: Bartels, Soeren
name: Bonito, Andrea
name: Muliana, Anastasia
name: Nochetto, Ricardo H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a mathematical model of polymer bilayers that undergo large bending deformations when actuated by non-mechanical stimuli such as thermal effects. The simple model captures a large class of nonlinear bending effects and can be discretized with standard plate elements. We devise a fully practical iterative scheme and apply it to the simulation of folding of several practically useful compliant structures comprising of thin elastic layers.
description: 27 pages
A Continuum Description of Failure Waves
Creators: name: Said, Hamid A.
name: Glimm, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shattering of a brittle material such as glass occurs dynamically through a propagating failure wave, which however, can not be assigned to any of the classical waves of the elasto-plastic theories of materials. Such failure waves have been a topic of research for decades. In this paper, we build a thermodynamically consistent theory based on the idea that a failure wave is analogous to a deflagration wave. Our theory admits, as special cases, the classical models of Feng and Clifton. Two fundamental thermodynamic functions (the free energy and the entropy production rate) form the basis of our theory. Such a two-function approach allows for the construction of a new variational principle and a new Lagrangian formulation that produce the equations of motion. Finally, a linearization of this theory is examined to gain insight into the coupling between the diffusive and elastic wave phenomena.
description: 25 pages, 2 tables. Reorganized Intro and Section 3. Replaced quadratic nonlinear diffusion with convexity
UV Spectropolarimetry with Polstar: Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Wisniewski, John P.
name: Berdyugin, Andrei V.
name: Berdyugina, Svetlana V.
name: Danchi, William C.
name: Dong, Ruobing
name: Oudmaijer, Rene D.
name: Airapetian, Vladimir S.
name: Brittain, Sean D.
name: Gayley, Ken
name: Ignace, Richard
name: Langlois, Maud
name: Lawson, Kellen D.
name: Lomax, Jamie R.
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Vink, Jorick S.
name: Scowen, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polstar is a proposed NASA MIDEX mission that would feature a high resolution UV spectropolarimeter capable of measure all four Stokes parameters onboard a 60cm telescope. The mission would pioneer the field of time-domain UV spectropolarimetry. Time domain UV spectropolarimetry offers the best resource to determine the geometry and physical conditions of protoplanetary disks from the stellar surface to <5 AU. We detail two key objectives that a dedicated time domain UV spectropolarimetry survey, such as that enabled by Polstar, could achieve: 1) Test the hypothesis that magneto-accretion operating in young planet-forming disks around lower-mass stars transitions to boundary layer accretion in planet-forming disks around higher mass stars; and 2) Discriminate whether transient events in the innermost regions of planet-forming disks of intermediate mass stars are caused by inner disk mis-alignments or from stellar or disk emissions.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Scintillator cubes for 3D neutrino detector SuperFGD
Creators: name: Fedotov, Sergei
name: Dergacheva, Anna
name: Filik, Anastasia
name: Khabibullin, Marat
name: Khotjantsev, Alexei
name: Kudenko, Yury
name: Mineev, Oleg
name: Yershov, Nikolay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SuperFGD, a highly granular scintillator detector, is under construction to reduce systematic uncertainties in the T2K experiment in order to improve the sensitivity to CP-violation in neutrino oscillations. SuperFGD will be comprised of about 2x10^6 small (10x10x10 mm^3) optically isolated polystyrene based plastic scintillator cubes with three orthogonal holes 1.5 mm in diameter. The readout of scintillating light from each cube is provided by three wavelength shifting fibers inserted into the three holes and coupled to MPPC micropixel photosensors. The cubes are covered with a white chemical reflector for optical isolation. The technology of making these cubes, their mechanical properties, their main characteristics obtained during tests with cosmic muons and at the CERN beamline, and the results of the temperature tests are presented in this paper.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Talk presented at the International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2021), 24-28 May 2021. Submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Nucleon structure functions from lattice operator product expansion
Creators: name: Chambers, A. J.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Perlt, H.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, G.
name: Schiller, A.
name: Somfleth, K.
name: Young, R. D.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep-inelastic scattering, in the laboratory and on the lattice, is most instructive for understanding how the nucleon is built from quarks and gluons. The long-term goal is to compute the associated structure functions from first principles. So far this has been limited to model calculations. In this Letter we propose a new method to compute the structure functions directly from the virtual, all-encompassing Compton amplitude, utilizing the operator product expansion. This overcomes issues of renormalization and operator mixing, which so far have hindered lattice calculations of power corrections and higher moments.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, meets published version (Phys. Rev. Letters)
Self-Dual Systems, their Symmetries and Reductions to the Bogoyavlensky Lattice
Creators: name: Fordy, Allan P.
name: Xenitidis, Pavlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K05, 37K10, 39A05

description: We recently introduced a class of ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ graded discrete Lax pairs and studied the associated discrete integrable systems (lattice equations). In particular, we introduced a subclass, which we called "self-dual". In this paper we discuss the continuous symmetries of these systems, their reductions and the relation of the latter to the Bogoyavlensky equation.
Characterization of passive CMOS sensors with RD53A pixel modules
Creators: name: Glessgen, Franz
name: Backhaus, Malte
name: Canelli, Florencia
name: Dieter, Yannick Manuel
name: Dingfelder, Jochen Christian
name: Hemperek, Tomasz
name: Huegging, Fabian
name: Jofrehei, Arash
name: Jin, Weijie
name: Kilminster, Ben
name: Macchiolo, Anna
name: Muenstermann, Daniel
name: Pohl, David-Leon
name: Ristic, Branislav
name: Wallny, Rainer
name: Wang, Tianyang
name: Wermes, Norbert
name: Wolf, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both the current upgrades to accelerator-based HEP detectors (e.g. ATLAS, CMS) and also future projects (e.g. CEPC, FCC) feature large-area silicon-based tracking detectors. We are investigating the feasibility of using CMOS foundries to fabricate silicon radiation detectors, both for pixels and for large-area strip sensors. A successful proof of concept would open the market potential of CMOS foundries to the HEP community, which would be most beneficial in terms of availability, throughput and cost. In addition, the availability of multi-layer routing of signals will provide the freedom to optimize the sensor geometry and the performance, with biasing structures implemented in poly-silicon layers and MIM-capacitors allowing for AC coupling. A prototyping production of strip test structures and RD53A compatible pixel sensors was recently completed at LFoundry in a 150nm CMOS process. This presentation will focus on the characterization of pixel modules, studying the performance in terms of charge collection, position resolution and hit efficiency with measurements performed in the laboratory and with beam tests. We will report on the investigation of RD53A modules with 25x100 mu^2 cell geometry.
Ultraviolet Spectropolarimetry with Polstar: Interstellar Medium Science
Creators: name: Andersson, B-G
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Doney, Kirstin D.
name: Hoang, Thiem
name: Magalhaes, Antonio Mario
name: Panopoulou, Georgia V.
name: Yan, Huirong
name: Scowen, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuum polarization over the UV-to-microwave range is due to dichroic extinction (or emission) by asymmetric, aligned dust grains. Because of both grain alignment and scattering physics, the wavelength dependence of the polarization, generally, traces the size of the aligned grains. Ultraviolet (UV) polarimetry therefore provides a unique probe of the smallest dust grains (diameter$<0.09μ$m), their mineralogy and interaction with the environment. However, the current observational status of interstellar UV polarization is very poor with less than 30 lines of sight probed. With the modern, quantitative and well-tested, theory of interstellar grain alignment now available, we have the opportunity to advance the understanding of the interstellar medium by executing a systematic study of the UV polarization in the ISM of the Milky Way and near-by galaxies. The Polstar mission will provide the sensitivity and observing time needed to carry out such a program, addressing questions of dust composition as a function of size and location, radiation- and magnetic-field characteristics as well as unveiling the carrier of the 2175Å extinction feature. In addition, using high-resolution UV line spectroscopy Polstar will search for and probe the alignment of, and polarization from, aligned atoms and ions - so called "Ground State Alignment", a potentially powerful new probe of magnetic fields in the diffuse ISM.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Effects of random potentials in three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics
Creators: name: Zhao, Peng-Lu
name: Wang, An-Min
name: Liu, Guo-Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics exhibits a number of interesting properties, such as dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, weak confinement, and non-Fermi liquid behavior, and also has wide applications in condensed matter physics. We study the effects of random potentials, which exist in almost all realistic condensed-matter systems, on the low-energy behaviors of massless Dirac fermions by means of renormalization group method, and show that the role of random mass is significantly enhanced by the gauge interaction, whereas random scalar and vector potentials are insusceptible to the gauge interaction at the one-loop order. The static random potential breaks the Lorentz invariance, and as such induces unusual renormalization of fermion velocity. We then consider the case in which three types of random potentials coexist in the system. The random scalar potential is found to play a dominant role in the low-energy region, and drives the system to undergo a quantum phase transition.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Learning Generalized Visual Odometry Using Position-Aware Optical Flow and Geometric Bundle Adjustment
Creators: name: Cao, Yijun
name: Zhang, Xianshi
name: Luo, Fuya
name: Peng, Peng
name: Li, Yongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent visual odometry (VO) methods incorporating geometric algorithm into deep-learning architecture have shown outstanding performance on the challenging monocular VO task. Despite encouraging results are shown, previous methods ignore the requirement of generalization capability under noisy environment and various scenes. To address this challenging issue, this work first proposes a novel optical flow network (PANet). Compared with previous methods that predict optical flow as a direct regression task, our PANet computes optical flow by predicting it into the discrete position space with optical flow probability volume, and then converting it to optical flow. Next, we improve the bundle adjustment module to fit the self-supervised training pipeline by introducing multiple sampling, ego-motion initialization, dynamic damping factor adjustment, and Jacobi matrix weighting. In addition, a novel normalized photometric loss function is advanced to improve the depth estimation accuracy. The experiments show that the proposed system not only achieves comparable performance with other state-of-the-art self-supervised learning-based methods on the KITTI dataset, but also significantly improves the generalization capability compared with geometry-based, learning-based and hybrid VO systems on the noisy KITTI and the challenging outdoor (KAIST) scenes.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures
Time-Reversal Provides Unsupervised Feedback to LLMs
Creators: name: Varun, Yerram
name: Madhavan, Rahul
name: Addepalli, Sravanti
name: Suggala, Arun
name: Shanmugam, Karthikeyan
name: Jain, Prateek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically trained to predict in the forward direction of time. However, recent works have shown that prompting these models to look back and critique their own generations can produce useful feedback. Motivated by this, we explore the question of whether LLMs can be empowered to think (predict and score) backwards to provide unsupervised feedback that complements forward LLMs. Towards this, we introduce Time Reversed Language Models (TRLMs), which can score and generate queries when conditioned on responses, effectively functioning in the reverse direction of time. Further, to effectively infer in the response to query direction, we pre-train and fine-tune a language model (TRLM-Ba) in the reverse token order from scratch. We show empirically (and theoretically in a stylized setting) that time-reversed models can indeed complement forward model predictions when used to score the query given response for re-ranking multiple forward generations. We obtain up to 5\% improvement on the widely used AlpacaEval Leaderboard over the competent baseline of best-of-N re-ranking using self log-perplexity scores. We further show that TRLM scoring outperforms conventional forward scoring of response given query, resulting in significant gains in applications such as citation generation and passage retrieval. We next leverage the generative ability of TRLM to augment or provide unsupervised feedback to input safety filters of LLMs, demonstrating a drastic reduction in false negative rate with negligible impact on false positive rates against several attacks published on the popular JailbreakBench leaderboard.
description: Accepted as a spotlight in NeurIPS 2024
Of hopes, villains, and Trojan horses: Open Access academic publishing and its battlefields (Public defence of the doctoral thesis)
Creators: name: Šimukovič, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Access
academic publishing
Science and Technology Studies (STS)
the Netherlands
infrastructure
Grounded Theory

description: This dataset includes my presentation slides and an accompanying script that I prepared for the public defence of my doctoral thesis.* It can be useful for anyone who is interested in getting a quick overview of my research design and main findings, as well as for those who wish to try the narrative overview out methodologically in their own work. * See Šimukovič, E. (2023). Of hopes, villains, and Trojan horses: Open Access academic publishing and its battlefields. University of Vienna, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.25365/thesis.73661 or https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-28350 (for a version that is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0).
description: {"references": ["\u0160imukovi\u010d, E. (2023). Of hopes, villains, and Trojan horses: Open Access academic publishing and its battlefields. University of Vienna, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.25365/thesis.73661"]}
Uncertainty relations for quantum coherence with respect to mutually unbiased bases
Creators: name: Rastegin, Alexey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of quantum coherence, including various ways to quantify the degree of coherence with respect to the prescribed basis, is currently the subject of active research. The complementarity of quantum coherence in different bases was studied by deriving upper bounds on the sum of the corresponding measures. To obtain a two-sided estimate, lower bounds on the coherence quantifiers are also of interest. Such bounds are naturally referred to as uncertainty relations for quantum coherence. We obtain new uncertainty relations for coherence quantifiers averaged with respect to a set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs). To quantify the degree of coherence, the relative entropy of coherence and the geometric coherence are used. Further, we also derive novel state-independent uncertainty relations for a set of MUBs in terms of the min-entropy.
description: 6 pages, no figures, v3: only minor changes
Status and Plans for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter Upgrade Project
Creators: name: Quast, Thorben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CMS Collaboration is preparing to build replacement endcap calorimeters for the HL-LHC era. The new high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) is, as the name implies, a highly-granular sampling calorimeter with approximately six million silicon sensor channels (approx. 1.1cm2 or 0.5cm2 cells) and about 250 thousand channels of scintillator tiles readout with on-tile silicon photomultipliers. The calorimeter is designed to operate in the harsh radiation environment at the HL-LHC, where the average number of interactions per bunch crossing is expected to exceed 140. Besides measuring energy and position of the energy deposits, the electronics is also designed to measure the time of their arrival with a precision in the order of 50ps. This paper summarises the reasoning and ideas behind the HGCAL, describes the current status of the project, and highlights some of the challenges ahead.
description: This is a preprint (before peer-review) submitted as conference proceedings for the TIPP 2021 conference
Self-reinforcing feedback loop in financial markets with coupling of market impact and momentum traders
Creators: name: Zhong, Li-Xin
name: Xu, Wen-Juan
name: Chen, Rong-Da
name: Zhong, Chen-Yang
name: Qiu, Tian
name: Ren, Fei
name: He, Yun-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By incorporating market impact and momentum traders into an agent-based model, we investigate the conditions for the occurrence of self-reinforcing feedback loops and the coevolutionary mechanism of prices and strategies. For low market impact, the price fluctuations are originally large. The existence of momentum traders has little impact on the change of price fluctuations but destroys the equilibrium between the trend-following and trend-rejecting strategies. The trend-following herd behaviors become dominant. A self-reinforcing feedback loop exists. For high market impact, the existence of momentum traders leads to an increase in price fluctuations. The trend-following strategies of rational individuals are suppressed while the trend-following strategies of momentum traders are promoted. The crowd-anticrowd behaviors become dominant. A negative feedback loop exists. A theoretical analysis indicates that, for low market impact, the majority effect is beneficial for the trend-followers to earn more, which in turn promotes the trend-following strategies. For high market impact, the minority effect causes the trend-followers to suffer great losses, which in turn suppresses the trend-following strategies.
Dark Matter-admixed Rotating White Dwarfs as Peculiar Compact Objects
Creators: name: Chan, H-S.
name: Chu, M-C.
name: Leung, S-C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discoveries of anomalous compact objects challenge our understanding of the standard theory of stellar structures and evolution. They serve as an excellent laboratory to search for new physics. Earlier studies on spherically symmetric dark matter-admixed compact stars could explain a handful of anomalies. In this paper, we investigate the observational signatures of dark matter (DM)-admixed rotating white dwarfs and make connections to observed peculiar white dwarfs. We compute the equilibrium structures of DM-admixed rotating white dwarfs using a self-consistent, two-fluid method, with the DM component being a non-rotating degenerate fermi gas. We find that the admixture of DM in rotating white dwarfs could: (1) account for some peculiar white dwarfs that do not follow their usual mass-radius relation, (2) allow the existence of stable, rapid-rotating white dwarfs that are free from thermonuclear runaway, which could explain some anomalous x-ray pulsars/soft gamma-ray repeaters, and (3) produce universal $I$ (moment of inertia)-Love (tidal Love number)-$Q$ (quadrupole moment) relations that span bands above those without DM admixture, thus providing an indirect way to search for DM in white dwarfs through gravitational-wave detection. DM-admixed rotating white dwarfs can account for some peculiar compact objects. Our results suggest a systematic approach to account for unusual compact objects that could be discovered by upcoming surveys.
description: Accepted for publications. 18 pages, 11 figures