title: Ð¢ÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ° Ð½Ð° Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ±Ðµ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Heatmetry in the study of saturated steam condensation on the horizontal pipe
Creators: name: Ð Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ±Ðµ
Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð°Ñ
Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ðº
condensation on the horizontal pipe
saturated steam
film condensation
heat flux

description: Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ â ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ðº Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ° Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ±Ñ. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½, ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½ Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐ°Ð½ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð´, Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð¼Ð¸: Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð¶Ð´Ð°ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ (Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ 1); Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ° (Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ 2); Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ¿Ð°Ð´Ð° ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ±Ñ Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ² ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ (Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ 3); Ð¿ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾Ðµ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ² Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÐµÐ½ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ (Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ 4). Ð ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð² ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ 1 Ð¸ 2, Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð½Ð° Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ðº, Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð¿ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÐ½ÑÐµÐ³ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð½Ð¾ Ð½ÐµÑÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ÑÐ¼ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ. ÐÐµÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ 3 Ð¸ 4, Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ±Ñ. ÐÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° 3 ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð° Ñ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐ´Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¼Ð¸, Ð½Ðµ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÐµÐ±ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¼Ð° Ðº Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð²ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð². ÐÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð³ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÐµÐ½ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ (Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ 4) Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ, Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸ Ð² ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ðµ ÑÐµÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸, Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¼ÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸.
description: The aim of this project is to experimentally measure the heat flux during saturated steam condensation on the outer surface of the horizontal pipe. To achieve this goal, an experimental setup has been developed, created, and tested to evaluate heat flux per unit area using four independent methods: enthalpy change measurement is the basis of the Method 1; the Method 2 is based on measuring the condensate flow rate; Method 3 is based on using thermometry â measuring the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe; gradient heatmetry is employed in Method 4 to directly measure heat flux using special sensors. Methods 1 and 2 were used in the experiment to measure characteristics averaged over the time and surface, by using these methods, it is possible to estimate the average heat flux per unit area during condensation indirectly. Integrated approaches are effective in obtaining highly accurate results, but they have a low information content. Estimating the distribution of local heat flux per unit area around the horizontal pipe is possible through local measurements performed by methods 3 and 4. The Method 3 implementation is complicated by technological difficulties and does not meet the required measurement accuracy, and is not applicable to the study of unstable thermal conditions. The Gradient heatmetry (Method 4) allows for the direct measurement of the local heat flux per unit area during condensation with the least uncertainty in almost real time.