cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A lightweight, user-configurable detector ASIC digital architecture with on-chip data compression for MHz X-ray coherent diffraction imaging
Creators: name: Strempfer, Sebastian
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Yoshii, Kazutomo
name: Hammer, Mike
name: Babu, Anakha
name: Bycul, Dawid
name: Weizeorick, John
name: Cherukara, Mathew J.
name: Miceli, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Today, most X-ray pixel detectors used at light sources transmit raw pixel data off the detector ASIC. With the availability of more advanced ASIC technology nodes for scientific application, more digital functionality from the computing domains (e.g., compression) can be integrated directly into a detector ASIC to increase data velocity. In this paper, we describe a lightweight, user-configurable detector ASIC digital architecture with on-chip compression which can be implemented in \SI{130}{\nm} technologies in a reasonable area on the ASIC periphery. In addition, we present a design to efficiently handle the variable data from the stream of parallel compressors. The architecture includes user-selectable lossy and lossless compression blocks. The impact of lossy compression algorithms is evaluated on simulated and experimental X-ray ptychography datasets. This architecture is a practical approach to increase pixel detector frame rates towards the continuous \SI{1}{\MHz} regime for not only coherent imaging techniques such as ptychography, but also for other diffraction techniques at X-ray light sources.
CFT correlators from shape deformations in Cubic Curvature Gravity
Creators: name: Anastasiou, Giorgos
name: Araya, Ignacio J.
name: Argandoña, Andrés
name: Olea, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a covariant expression for the universal part of the holographic entanglement entropy which is valid for CFTs dual to generic higher curvature gravities in up to five bulk dimensions. We use this functional to compute universal coefficients of stress-tensor correlators in three-dimensional CFTs dual to Cubic Curvature Gravity. Using gauge/gravity duality, we work out an expression for the entanglement entropy of deformed entangling regions and read the coefficients from the power expansion of the entropy in the deformation parameter. In particular, we obtain the $t_4$ coefficient of the 3-point function and exhibit a difference between the results obtained using the entanglement entropy functional for minimal and non-minimal splittings. We compare the obtained expressions for $t_{4}$ derived considering both splittings with results obtained through other holographic methods which are splitting-independent. We find agreement with the result obtained from the non-minimal splitting, whereas the result derived from the minimal splitting is inconsistent and it is therefore ruled out.
description: 29 pages, no figures
Discrete-time probabilistic approximation of path-dependent stochastic control problems
Creators: name: Tan, Xiaolu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a probabilistic interpretation of the Monte Carlo scheme proposed by Fahim, Touzi and Warin [Ann. Appl. Probab. 21 (2011) 1322-1364] for fully nonlinear parabolic PDEs, and hence generalize it to the path-dependent (or non-Markovian) case for a general stochastic control problem. A general convergence result is obtained by a weak convergence method in the spirit of Kushner and Dupuis [Numerical Methods for Stochastic Control Problems in Continuous Time (1992) Springer]. We also get a rate of convergence using the invariance principle technique as in Dolinsky [Electron. J. Probab. 17 (2012) 1-5], which is better than that obtained by viscosity solution method. Finally, by approximating the conditional expectations arising in the numerical scheme with simulation-regression method, we obtain an implementable scheme.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AAP963 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Synchronization versus stability of the invariant distribution for a class of globally coupled maps
Creators: name: Bálint, Péter
name: Keller, Gerhard
name: Sélley, Fanni M.
name: Tóth, Imre Péter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a class of globally coupled maps in the continuum limit, where the individual maps are expanding maps of the circle. The circle maps in question are such that the uncoupled system admits a unique absolutely continuous invariant measure (acim), which is furthermore mixing. Interaction arises in the form of diffusive coupling, which involves a function that is discontinuous on the circle. We show that for sufficiently small coupling strength the coupled map system admits a unique absolutely continuous invariant distribution, which depends on the coupling strength $\varepsilon$. Furthermore, the invariant density exponentially attracts all initial distributions considered in our framework. We also show that the dependence of the invariant density on the coupling strength $\varepsilon$ is Lipschitz continuous in the BV norm. When the coupling is sufficiently strong, the limit behavior of the system is more complex. We prove that a wide class of initial measures approach a point mass with support moving chaotically on the circle. This can be interpreted as synchronization in a chaotic state.
The Viscum album Gene Space database
Creators: name: Schröder, Lucie
name: Rupp, Oliver
name: Senkler, Michael
name: Rugen, Nils
name: Hohnjec, Natalija
name: Goesmann, Alexander
name: Küster, Helge
name: Braun, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: database development
subject: PacBio sequencing
subject: Illumina sequencing
subject: Complexome profiling
subject: mitochondria
subject: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
subject: complex I
subject: supercomplex
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The hemiparasitic flowering plant Viscum album (European mistletoe) is known for its very special life cycle, extraordinary biochemical properties, and extremely large genome. The size of its genome is estimated to be 30 times larger than the human genome and 600 times larger than the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To achieve insights into the Gene Space of the genome, which is defined as the space including and surrounding protein-coding regions, a transcriptome project based on PacBio sequencing has recently been conducted. A database resulting from this project contains sequences of 39,092 different open reading frames encoding 32,064 distinct proteins. Based on ‘Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs’ (BUSCO) analysis, the completeness of the database was estimated to be in the range of 78%. To further develop this database, we performed a transcriptome project of V. album organs harvested in summer and winter based on Illumina sequencing. Data from both sequencing strategies were combined. The new V. album Gene Space database II (VaGs II) contains 90,039 sequences and has a completeness of 93% as revealed by BUSCO analysis. Sequences from other organisms, particularly fungi, which are known to colonize mistletoe leaves, have been removed. To evaluate the quality of the new database, proteome data of a mitochondrial fraction of V. album were re-analyzed. Compared to the original evaluation published five years ago, nearly 1000 additional proteins could be identified in the mitochondrial fraction, providing new insights into the Oxidative Phosphorylation System of V. album. The VaGs II database is available at https://viscumalbum.pflanzenproteomik.de/. Furthermore, all V. album sequences have been uploaded at the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA).
Search Prospects for Axion-like Particles at Rare Nuclear Isotope Accelerator Facilities
Creators: name: Jang, Wooyoung
name: Kim, Doojin
name: Kong, Kyoungchul
name: Kwon, Youngjoon
name: Park, Jong-Chul
name: Ryu, Min Sang
name: Shin, Seodong
name: Van de Water, Richard G.
name: Yang, Un-Ki
name: Yu, Jaehoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel experimental scheme, called DAMSA (Dump-produced Aboriginal Matter Searches at an Accelerator), for searching for dark-sector particles, using rare nuclear isotope accelerator facilities that provide high-flux proton beams to produce a large number of rare nuclear isotopes. The high-intensity nature of their beams enables the investigation of dark-sector particles, including axion-like particles (ALPs) and dark photons. By contrast, their typical beam energies are not large enough to produce the backgrounds such as neutrinos resulting from secondary charged particles. The detector of DAMSA is then placed immediate downstream of the proton beam dump to maximize the prompt decay signals of dark-sector particles, which are often challenging to probe in other beam-dump-type experiments featuring a longer baseline, at the expense of an enormous amount of the beam-related neutron (BRN) background. We demonstrate that BRN can be significantly suppressed if the signal accompanies multiple, correlated visible particles in the final state. As an example physics case, we consider ALPs interacting with the Standard Model photon and their diphoton decay signal at DAMSA implemented at a rare nuclear isotope facility similar to the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiment under construction in South Korea. We show that the close proximity of the detector to the ALP production dump makes it possible to probe a high-mass region of ALP parameter space that the existing experiments have never explored.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Topological transition in multicyclic chains with structural symmetry inducing stress-overshoot phenomena in multicyclic/linear blends under biaxial elongational flow
Creators: name: Murashima, Takahiro
name: Hagita, Katsumi
name: Kawakatsu, Toshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blends of multicyclic and linear polymers under biaxial elongational flow were analyzed using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The multicyclic/linear blends displayed overshoot in the normal stress difference at the start-up of biaxial elongational flow. This overshoot was steeper for multicyclic/linear blends than for our previously reported monocyclic/linear blends [T. Murashima, K. Hagita, and T. Kawakatsu, Macromolecules, 2021, 54, 7210]. Investigation of the origin of the overshoot in the multicyclic/linear blends revealed a different mechanism than that previously observed in our monocyclic/linear blends. Specifically, a "topological transition" mechanism comprising a morphological change from the open- to closed-ring state was observed in the multicyclic chains, but not in the monocyclic chains. This topological transition drastically changes the stress of the rings. Although the topological transition was also observed in asymmetric-multicyclic/linear blends, no stress overshoot appeared, owing to the asymmetry in the multicyclic chains. Therefore, we hypothesized that the structural symmetry in multicyclic chains is indispensable for overshoot behavior to occur. We determined that the topological transition in multicyclic chains with structural symmetry induces stress-overshoot behavior in multicyclic/linear blends under biaxial elongational flow.
description: 46 pages, 13 figures
Observations of Comet ISON (C/2012 S1) from Lowell Observatory
Creators: name: Knight, Matthew M.
name: Schleicher, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed dynamically new sungrazing comet ISON (C/2012 S1) extensively at Lowell Observatory throughout 2013 in order to characterize its behavior prior to perihelion. ISON had "typical" abundances for an Oort Cloud comet. Its dust production, as measured by Afrho, remained nearly constant during the apparition but its CN gas production increased by ~50x. The minimum active area necessary to support observed water production rates exceeded the likely surface area of the nucleus and suggests a population of icy grains in the coma. Together with the flattening of the dust radial profile over time, this is consistent with ejection of a large quantity of slow moving dust and icy grains in the coma at large heliocentric distance. The dust morphology was dominated by the tail, but a faint sunward dust fan was detected in March, April, May, and September. We imaged multiple gas species in September, October, and November. Excess CN signal was observed in the sunward hemisphere in September and early October. In November the excess CN signal was in the tailward hemisphere and two faint CN features appeared approximately orthogonal to the tail with position angles varying by about +/-20 degrees from night to night. Using numerical modeling, we best reproduced the orientation and shape of these features as well as the bulk brightness with a pole oriented approximately towards the Sun and a single source located within ~35 degrees of the equator. The production rates and coma morphology suggest a nucleus that was active over nearly its entire sunward facing hemisphere in September and October but which underwent a significant mass loss event, potentially including fragmentation, shortly before November 1. Significant mass loss likely continued at the same site over subsequent days/weeks and may have catastrophically weakened the nucleus prior to perihelion.
description: Accepted by AJ; 25 pages of text (pre-print style), 5 tables, 6 figures
Cosmology in $f(Q)$ gravity: A unified dynamical system analysis at background and perturbation levels
Creators: name: Khyllep, Wompherdeiki
name: Dutta, Jibitesh
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
name: Yesmakhanova, Kuralay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the fact that cosmological models based on $f(Q)$ gravity are very efficient in fitting observational datasets at both background and perturbation levels, we perform a combined dynamical system analysis of both background and perturbation equations in order to examine the validity of this result through an independent method. We examine two studied $f(Q)$ models of the literature, namely the power-law and the exponential ones. For both cases, we obtain a matter-dominated saddle point characterized by the correct growth rate of matter perturbations, followed by the transition to a stable dark-energy dominated accelerated universe in which matter perturbations remain constant. Furthermore, analyzing the behavior of $f σ_8$, we find that the models fit observational data successfully, obtaining a behavior similar to that of $Λ$CDM scenario, although the exponential model does not possess the latter as a particular limit. Hence, through the independent approach of dynamical systems, we do verify the results of observational confrontation, namely that $f(Q)$ gravity can be considered as a very promising alternative to the $Λ$CDM concordance model.
description: 10 pages and 8 figs. We welcome comments
Results from the OLYMPUS Experiment on the Contribution of Hard Two-Photon Exchange to Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
Creators: name: Henderson, Brian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the ratio of the elastic form factors of the proton ($μ_pG_E/G_M$) exhibit a strong discrepancy. Experiments using unpolarized beams and Rosenbluth separation to determine the form factors have found values of the ratio approximately consistent with unity over a wide range of $Q^2$, while polarization transfer experiments suggest that the ratio decreases as a function of $Q^2$. The most widely-accepted hypothesis to explain this discrepancy is that hard two-photon exchange (TPE) significantly contributes to the elastic $ep$ cross section. Hard TPE has been neglected in previous analyses of electron-proton scattering scattering experiments, in part due to the fact that there exists no model independent way to calculate the contribution. The effect of hard TPE may be measured experimentally, however, via precise determination of the ratio of the electron-proton and positron-proton elastic cross sections. The OLYMPUS experiment collected more than 3 fb$^{-1}$ of exclusive $e^- p$ and $e^+ p$ elastic scattering data at DESY in 2012, and has determined the elastic $σ_{e^+p}/σ_{e^-p}$ ratio to unprecedented precision up to $Q^2\approx2.2$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$, $ε\approx0.4$. This presentation will discuss the OLYMPUS experiment and analysis, and present the recently published results from OLYMPUS in the context of the results from the other two TPE experiments.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the XVII International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy and Structure (2017)
Effective inspiral spin distribution of primordial black hole binaries
Creators: name: Koga, Yasutaka
name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Tada, Yuichiro
name: Yokoyama, Shuichiro
name: Yoo, Chul-Moon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the probability distribution of the effective inspiral spin, the mass ratio, and the chirp mass of primordial black hole (PBH) binaries, incorporating the effect of the critical phenomena of gravitational collapse. As a leading order estimation, each binary is assumed to be formed from two PBHs that are randomly chosen according to the probability distribution of single PBHs. We find that, although the critical phenomena can lead to large spins on the low-mass tail, the effective inspiral spin of the binary is statistically very small, $\sqrt{\langleχ_{\mathrm{eff}}^2\rangle}=8.41\times10^{-4}$. We also see that there is almost no anti-correlation between the effective inspiral spin and the mass ratio, which can be inferred from observations.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
towards a robust detection of viscous and turbulent flow regions using unsupervised machine learning
Creators: name: Otmani, Kheir-Eddine
name: Ntoukas, Gerasimos
name: Ferrer, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an invariant feature space for the detection of viscous dominated and turbulent regions (i.e., boundary layers and wakes). The developed methodology uses the principal invariants of the strain and rotational rate tensors as input to an unsupervised Machine Learning Gaussian mixture model. The selected feature space is independent of the coordinate frame used to generate the processed data, as it relies on the principal invariants of strain and rotational rate, which are Galilean invariants. This methodology allows us to identify two distinct flow regions: a viscous dominated, rotational region (boundary layer and wake region) and an inviscid, irrotational region (outer flow region). We test the methodology on a laminar and a turbulent (using Large Eddy Simulation) case for flows past a circular cylinder at $Re=40$ and $Re=3900$. The simulations have been conducted using a high-order nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Spectral Element Method (DGSEM). The results obtained are analysed to show that Gaussian mixture clustering provides an effective identification method of viscous dominated and rotational regions in the flow. We also include comparisons with traditional sensors to show that the proposed clustering does not depend on the selection of an arbitrary threshold, as required when using traditional sensors.
Rare radiative $Ξ^{-}_{b}\to Ξ^-γ$ decay in the relativistic quark model
Creators: name: Davydov, A. O.
name: Faustov, R. N.
name: Galkin, V. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the LHCb collaboration put the upper limit on the $Ξ^{-}_{b} \rightarrow Ξ^{-}γ$ decay branching ratio $Br(Ξ^{-}_{b} \rightarrow Ξ^{-}γ)< 1.3\times 10^{-4}$. The measured value is below the light-cone sum rule prediction. In this paper the rare radiative decay of the $Ξ^{-}_{b}$ baryon is studied in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach and QCD. The decay form factors are calculated with the comprehensive account of the relativistic effects. The obtained result for the branching ratio is found to be below the upper limit set by LHCb and is consistent with theoretical predictions based on the SU(3) flavor-symmetry, light-front quark model and light-cone QCD sum rules in full theory within theoretical uncertainties.
description: 8 pages
Comparative flavonoid profile of orange (Citrus sinensis) flavedo and albedo extracted by conventional and emerging techniques using UPLC-IMS-MS, chemometrics and antioxidant effects
Creators: name: Afifi, Sherif M.
name: Gök, Recep
name: Eikenberg, Ingo
name: Krygier, Dennis
name: Rottmann, Eric
name: Stübler, Anne-Sophie
name: Aganovic, Kemal
name: Hillebrand, Silke
name: Esatbeyoglu, Tuba
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: albedo
subject: extraction
subject: flavedo
subject: high pressure processing
subject: metabolomics
subject: polymethoxy flavones
subject: pulsed electric field
subject: ultrasonic
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: Introduction: Citrus fruits are one of the most frequently counterfeited processed products in the world. In the juice production alone, the peels, divided into flavedo and albedo, are the main waste product. The extracts of this by-product are enriched with many bioactive substances. Newer extraction techniques generally have milder extraction conditions with simultaneous improvement of the extraction process. Methods: This study presents a combinatorial approach utilizing data-independent acquisition-based ion mobility spectrometry coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Integrating orthogonal collision cross section (CCS) data matching simultaneously improves the confidence in metabolite identification in flavedo and albedo tissues from Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, four different extraction approaches [conventional, ultrasonic, High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF)] with various optimized processing conditions were compared in terms of antioxidant effects and flavonoid profile particularly polymethoxy flavones (PMFs). Results: A total number of 57 metabolites were identified, 15 of which were present in both flavedo and albedo, forming a good qualitative overlapping of distributed flavonoids. For flavedo samples, the antioxidant activity was higher for PEF and HHP treated samples compared to other extraction methods. However, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effects in albedo samples attributed to different qualitative composition content rather than various quantities of same metabolites. The optimum processing conditions for albedo extraction using HHP and PEF were 200 MPa and 15 kJ/kg at 10 kV, respectively. While, HHP at medium pressure (400 MPa) and PEF at 15 kJ/kg/3 kV were the optimum conditions for flavedo extraction. Conclusion: Chemometric analysis of the dataset indicated that orange flavedo can be a valid source of soluble phenolic compounds especially PMFs. In order to achieve cross-application of production, future study should concentrate on how citrus PMFs correlate with biological engineering techniques such as breeding, genetic engineering, and fermentation engineering.
Heterogeneous nucleation in finite size adaptive dynamical networks
Creators: name: Fialkowski, Jan
name: Yanchuk, Serhiy
name: Sokolov, Igor M.
name: Schöll, Eckehard
name: Gottwald, Georg A.
name: Berner, Rico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions in equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems play a major role in the natural sciences. In dynamical networks, phase transitions organize qualitative changes in the collective behavior of coupled dynamical units. Adaptive dynamical networks feature a connectivity structure that changes over time, co-evolving with the nodes' dynamical state. In this Letter, we show the emergence of two distinct first-order nonequilibrium phase transitions in a finite size adaptive network of heterogeneous phase oscillators. Depending on the nature of defects in the internal frequency distribution, we observe either an abrupt single-step transition to full synchronization or a more gradual multi-step transition. This observation has a striking resemblance to heterogeneous nucleation. We develop a mean-field approach to study the interplay between adaptivity and nodal heterogeneity and describe the dynamics of multicluster states and their role in determining the character of the phase transition. Our work provides a theoretical framework for studying the interplay between adaptivity and nodal heterogeneity.
Prospects for studies of the free fall and gravitational quantum states of antimatter
Creators: name: Dufour, Gabriel
name: Cassidy, David B.
name: Crivelli, Paolo
name: Debu, Pascal
name: Lambrecht, Astrid
name: Nesvizhevsky, Valery V.
name: Reynaud, Serge
name: Voronin, Alexei Yu.
name: Wall, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different experiments are ongoing to measure the effect of gravity on cold neutral antimatter atoms such as positronium, muonium and antihydrogen. Among those, the project GBAR in CERN aims to measure precisely the gravitational fall of ultracold antihydrogen atoms. In the ultracold regime, the interaction of antihydrogen atoms with a surface is governed by the phenomenon of quantum reflection which results in bouncing of antihydrogen atoms on matter surfaces. This allows the application of a filtering scheme to increase the precision of the free fall measurement. In the ultimate limit of smallest vertical velocities, antihydrogen atoms are settled in gravitational quantum states in close analogy to ultracold neutrons (UCNs). Positronium is another neutral system involving antimatter for which free fall under gravity is currently being investigated at UCL. Building on the experimental techniques under development for the free fall measurement, gravitational quantum states could also be observed in positronium. In this contribution, we review the status of the ongoing experiments and discuss the prospects of observing gravitational quantum states of antimatter and their implications.
description: This work reviews contributions made at the GRANIT 2014 workshop on prospects for the observation of the free fall and gravitational quantum states of antimatter
Microplastics effects on wettability, pore sizes and saturated hydraulic conductivity of a loess topsoil
Creators: name: Shafea, Leila
name: Felde, Vincent J.M.N.L.
name: Woche, Susanne Karoline
name: Bachmann, Jörg
name: Peth, Stephan
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hydraulic conductivity
subject: Hydrophobicity
subject: Luvisol
subject: Polyethylene terephthalate
subject: Polystyrene
subject: Soil water retention
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::900 | Geschichte und Geografie::910 | Geografie, Reisen

description: Environmental contamination with microplastics (MP, 0.1 µm – 5 mm diameter) potentially threatens various soil functions and agricultural production. In this study we evaluated the effects of MP on physical soil parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention and water repellency) at MP concentrations (0.5 to 2 % w/w) that have been reported for farmland soils. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS) of three sizes ranging between 0.5 and 3 mm diameter, were mixed with loess topsoil material from an agriculturally used Luvisol. Results show that increasing MP concentration decreased the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) compared to the control soil (without MP), irrespective of MP type. The highest reduction of ksat was found for the highest concentration (2 %) and the largest size MP (approx. 3 mm diameter). Compared to the control, MP addition significantly decreased soil water retention with increasing concentration. In contrast, air capacity was increased with MP addition where strongest effect was found for largest PET particles at the highest concentration. Soil water repellency (measured as Wilhelmy Plate contact angles) was increased at a concentration of 2 % and for MP sizes > 1 mm, while no effect was observed for lower concentrations and smaller MP. In conclusion, MP type, size, and concentration did affect key soil physical parameters, likely to negatively influence plant growth in contaminated soils.
Circumstellar envelope manifestations in the optical spectra of evolved stars
Creators: name: Klochkova, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the peculiarities of the optical spectra of far evolved stars with circumstellar gaseous-dusty envelopes: the time variability of the absorption-emission profiles of the H$α$ line, the presence of stationary emission and absorption molecular bands, multicomponent complex profiles of the NaI D-doublet lines. We show that the peculiarities of the line profiles (the presence of an emission component in the NaI D-doublet lines, the specific type of the molecular features, the asymmetry or splitting of the profiles of strongest absorptions with low excitation potential of the low level) can be associated with the kinematic and chemical properties of the circumstellar envelope and its morphological type.
description: 26 pages, 2 tables, 9 figures
Towards a Holistic Life Cycle Costing and Assessment of Factories: Qualitative Modeling of Interdependencies in Factory Systems
Creators: name: Hingst, Lennart
name: Dér, Antal
name: Herrmann, Christoph
name: Nyhuis, Peter
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: factory planning
subject: factory life cycle
subject: factory elements
subject: factory environment
subject: life cycle costing
subject: life cycle assessment
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Modern factory planning requires a holistic perspective taking economic as well as environmental sustainability over the entire factory life cycle into account. As a complex socio-technical system, the factory life cycle consists of multiple life cycles of the inherent factory elements. A holistic understanding of the individual life cycles and their interdependencies is missing for both planning and operation of a factory. Therefore, the goal is to develop a system understanding about life cycle-oriented factory planning and to analyze the contribution of relevant factory elements to the sustainability of a factory. As a result, a knowledge base for life cycle costing and assessment of the entire factory is established using an impact path model. The qualitative model supports factory planners in deriving planning measures for the sustainable design of a factory and in determining data requirements for the quantitative evaluation of the economic and environmental sustainability of a factory. It shows that the production and logistics concepts essentially define the sustainability potential during planning, while the resulting life cycle behavior of the process facilities and workers is responsible for the majority of costs and environmental impacts of a factory. Factory planners must therefore become aware of the implications of planning decisions on factory operation when developing concepts in the future.
Stellarator coil optimization supporting multiple magnetic configurations
Creators: name: Lee, Brandon F
name: Paul, Elizabeth J
name: Stadler, Georg
name: Landreman, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a technique that can be used to design stellarators with a high degree of experimental flexibility. For our purposes, flexibility is defined by the range of values the rotational transform can take on the magnetic axis of the vacuum field while maintaining satisfactory quasisymmetry. We show that accounting for configuration flexibility during the modular coil design improves flexibility beyond that attained by previous methods. Careful placement of planar control coils and the incorporation of an integrability objective enhance the quasisymmetry and nested flux surface volume of each configuration. We show that it is possible to achieve flexibility, quasisymmetry, and nested flux surface volume to reasonable degrees with a relatively simple coil set through an NCSX-like example. This example coil design is optimized to achieve three rotational transform targets and nested flux surface volumes in each magnetic configuration larger than the NCSX design plasma volume. Our work suggests that there is a tradeoff between flexibility, quasisymmetry, and volume of nested flux surfaces.
description: Minor phrasing change for clarity
Dynamical screening and excitonic bound states in biased bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Scammell, Harley D.
name: Sushkov, Oleg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitonic bound states are characterised by a binding energy $ε_b$ and a single-particle band gap $Δ_b$. This work provides a theoretical description for both strong ($ε_b\simΔ_b$) and weak ($ε_b\llΔ_b$) excitonic bound states, with particular application to biased bilayer graphene. Standard description of excitons is based on a wave function that is determined by a Schrödinger-like equation with screened attractive potential. The wave function approach is valid only in the weak binding regime $ε_b\llΔ_b$. The screening depends on frequency (dynamical screening) and this implies retardation. In the case of strong binding, $ε_b\simΔ_b$, a wave function description is not possible due to the retardation. Instead we appeal to the Bethe-Salpeter equation, written in terms of the electron-hole Green's function, to solve the problem. So far only the weak binding regime has been achieved experimentally. Our analysis demonstrates that the strong binding regime is also possible and we specify conditions in which it can be achieved for the prototypical example of biased bilayer graphene. The conditions concern the bias, the configuration of gates, and the substrate material. To verify the accuracy of our analysis we compare with available data for the weak binding regime. We anticipate applying the developed dynamical screening Bethe-Salpeter techniques to various 2D materials with strong binding.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Production of cosmic-ray antinuclei in the Galaxy and background for dark matter searches
Creators: name: Tomassetti, Nicola
name: Oliva, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antimatter nuclei in cosmic rays (CR) represent a promising discovery channel for the indirect search of dark matter. We present astrophysical background calculations of CR antideuteron ($\overline{d}$) and antihelium ($\overline{He}$). These particles are produced by high-energy collisions of CR protons and nuclei with the gas nuclei of the interstellar medium. In our calculations, we also consider production and shock acceleration of antinuclei in the shells of supernova remnants (SNRs). The total flux of $\overline{d}$ and $\overline{He}$ particles is constrained using new AMS measurements on the boron/carbon (B/C) and antiproton/proton ($\bar{p}/p$) ratios. The two ratios leads to different antiparticle fluxes in the high-energy regime $E\gtrsim$ 10 GeV/n where, in particular, $\bar{p}/p$-driven calculations leads to a significantly larger antiparticle flux in comparison to predictions from conventional B/C-driven constraints. On the other hand, both approaches provide consistent results in the sub-GeV/n energy window, which is where dark matter induced signal may exceed the astrophysical background. In this region, the total antinuclei flux, from interaction in the insterstellar gas and inside SNRs, is tightly bounded by the data. Shock-acceleration of antiparticles in SNRs has a minor influence in the astrophysical background for dark matter searches.
description: Proceedings of the EPS Conference on High Energy Physics EPS-HEP 2017, Venice
Design Decisions for a Powertrain Combination of Electric Motor and Propeller for an Electric Aircraft
Creators: name: Keuter, Ralf Johannes
name: Kirsch, Bastian
name: Friedrichs, Jens
name: Ponick, Bernd
Publisher: name: New York, NY : IEEE
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Aviation
subject: electric aircraft
subject: electric motor design
subject: electric propulsion system
subject: electrified aircraft propulsion
subject: permanent magnet synchronous motor
subject: propeller design
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::000 | Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: For the sizing of an electric motor, the diameter and length of the installation space are important parameters that significantly influence and limit the characteristics of the electric motor. From an aerodynamic point of view, it is not technically advantageous to choose a propeller hub diameter that is larger than mechanically necessary. The hub diameter defines the installation space ans thus the outer diameter for the electric motor driving the propeller. The research question that arises is this: Is there an optimum diameter for the hub and thus the electric motor and how is it limited? The present work should help to establish a better understanding of the system combination of electric motor and propeller, especially the choice of the diameter and further geometrical parameters of the electric motor. A parameter study investigating aeromechanical and electromagnetic aspects has been performed and the results are combined to achieve the best solution in terms of efficiency and power density. The investigations show that an increase in the diameter causes little disadvantage from an aerodynamic point of view, but the improvements to the electric motor are significant only up to the point where the diameter-to-length ratio becomes too high and end-region effects become more significant. The installation space for the electric motor could be determined using a hub-to-tip ratio of 0.16 to 0.20, which is applicable to any propeller. In addition, it could be shown that a co-optimisation of the speed throughout a mission profile with regard to the efficiency is affected by the propeller alone.
Extension of continuous mappings and $H_1$-retracts
Creators: name: Karlova, Olena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54C20, 54C05

description: We prove that any continuous mapping $f:E\to Y$ on a completely metrizable subspace $E$ of a perfect paracompact space $X$ can be extended to a Lebesgue class one mapping $g:X\to Y$ (i.e. for every open set $V$ in $Y$ the preimage $g^{-1}(V)$ is an $F_σ$-set in $X$) with values in an arbitrary topological space $Y$.
Dark matter search with the BDX-MINI experiment
Creators: name: Battaglieri, M.
name: Bondì, M.
name: Celentano, A.
name: Cole, P. L.
name: De Napoli, M.
name: De Vita, R.
name: Marsicano, L.
name: Randazzo, N.
name: Smith, E. S.
name: Snowden-Ifft, D.
name: Spreafico, M.
name: Wood, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BDX-MINI is a beam dump experiment optimized to search for Light Dark Matter produced in the interaction of the intense CEBAF 2.176 GeV electron beam with the Hall A beam dump at Jefferson Lab. The BDX-MINI detector consists of a PbWO$_4$ electromagnetic calorimeter surrounded by a hermetic veto system for background rejection. The experiment accumulated $2.56 \times 10^{21}$ EOT in six months of running. Simulations of fermionic and scalar Dark Matter interactions with electrons of the active volume of the BDX-MINI detector were used to estimate the expected signal. Data collected during the beam-off time allowed us to characterize the background dominated by cosmic rays. A blind data analysis based on a maximum-likelihood approach was used to optimize the experiment sensitivity. An upper limit on the production of light dark matter was set using the combined event samples collected during beam-on and beam-off configurations. In some kinematics, this pilot experiment is sensitive to the parameter space covered by some of the most sensitive experiments to date, which demonstrates the discovery potential of the next generation beam dump experiment planned at intense electron beam facilities.
description: (13 pages, 11 figures)
Machine Learning to Predict Aerodynamic Stall
Creators: name: Saetta, Ettore
name: Tognaccini, Renato
name: Iaccarino, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A convolutional autoencoder is trained using a database of airfoil aerodynamic simulations and assessed in terms of overall accuracy and interpretability. The goal is to predict the stall and to investigate the ability of the autoencoder to distinguish between the linear and non-linear response of the airfoil pressure distribution to changes in the angle of attack. After a sensitivity analysis on the learning infrastructure, we investigate the latent space identified by the autoencoder targeting extreme compression rates, i.e. very low-dimensional reconstructions. We also propose a strategy to use the decoder to generate new synthetic airfoil geometries and aerodynamic solutions by interpolation and extrapolation in the latent representation learned by the autoencoder.
description: 15 pages, 22 figures
Line-shape analysis of charmonium resonances
Creators: name: Coito, Susana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss weather the new enhancements found by BES, alias the $Y(4220)$, $Y(4260)$, $Y(4360)$, and $Y(4390)$ are true resonances. We argue that the nearby thresholds $D_s^*\bar{D}_s^*$, $D\bar{D}_1+\bar{D}D_1$, $D_s\bar{D}_{s1}+\bar{D_s}D_{s1}$ and $D^*\bar{D}_1+\bar{D}^*D_1$, as well as the $ψ(4160)$ and $ψ(4415)$ states have a strong influence over the observed $ J/ψπ^+π^-$ and $h_c π^+π^-$ line-shapes. We propose an unitarized effective Lagrangian model to study the dynamical effect of the interaction between each known $ψ$ state and its closest thresholds. In addition, we present some of our recent motivating results, using the same model, for the $ψ(3770)$ resonance, where the distortion from a Breit-Wigner line-shape is shown to result not only from the kinematic interference, but also from the influence of the $D^0\bar{D}^0+D^+D^-$ one-loops. Moreover, two poles were found, at about 3.78 GeV and at 3.74 GeV, the second one generated dynamically, yet contributing to the distortion of the line-shape.
description: Proceedings of the Conference "Hadron 17", held on 25-29 September, 2017, in Salamanca, Spain
MultiModeCode: An efficient numerical solver for multifield inflation
Creators: name: Price, Layne C.
name: Frazer, Jonathan
name: Xu, Jiajun
name: Peiris, Hiranya V.
name: Easther, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present MultiModeCode, a Fortran 95/2000 package for the numerical exploration of multifield inflation models. This program facilitates efficient Monte Carlo sampling of prior probabilities for inflationary model parameters and initial conditions and is the first publicly available code that can efficiently generate large sample-sets for inflation models with $\mathcal O(100)$ fields. The code numerically solves the equations of motion for the background and first-order perturbations of multi-field inflation models with canonical kinetic terms and arbitrary potentials, providing the adiabatic, isocurvature, and tensor power spectra at the end of inflation. For models with sum-separable potentials MultiModeCode also computes the slow-roll prediction via the $δN$ formalism for easy model exploration and validation. We pay particular attention to the isocurvature perturbations as the system approaches the adiabatic limit, showing how to avoid numerical instabilities that affect some other approaches to this problem. We demonstrate the use of MultiModeCode by exploring a few toy models. Finally, we give a concise review of multifield perturbation theory and a user's manual for the program.
description: 20 pages excluding Appendices, 3 figures. Code publicly available at www.modecode.org