Ceraphron Jurine 1807
Creators: name: Salden, Tobias
name: Peters, Ralph S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ceraphronidae
Ceraphron

description: Key to male Ceraphron from the Afrotropical mainland   
1. Scape as long as F1 to F3 combined or longer (e.g., Fig. 82D)....................................................... 2  
– Scape as long as F1 and F2 combined or shorter (e.g., Fig. 41D).................................................... 6  
– Scape longer than F1 and F2 combined and shorter than F1 to F3 combined (e.g., Fig. 47D)...... 14  
2. Scape shorter than F1 to F4 combined (e.g., Fig. 76D).................................................................... 3  
 – Scape as long as F1 to F4 combined (Fig. 54D)................................................. C. insolitus sp. nov.   
3. At least some flagellomeres moniliform (Figs 45, 82)..................................................................... 4  
– All flagellomeres cylindric (Figs 51, 76).......................................................................................... 5  
 4. Head, meso- and metasoma brown (Fig. 82D); harpe finger-shaped in ventral and dorsal view (Fig. 82A, C)........................................................................................................ C. sungura sp. nov.   
 – Head light brown, meso- and metasoma light brown-yellowish (Fig. 45D); harpe cone-shaped in ventral and dorsal view (Fig. 45A, C)............................................................... C. cingulum sp. nov.   
 5. Genital weakly sclerotized; harpe not indented apically in lateral view (Fig. 51B); apical setae of harpes not crossing (Fig. 51A, C)........................................................................ C. eulbergi sp. nov.   
 – Genital moderately sclerotized; harpe indented apically in lateral view (Fig. 76B); apical setae of harpes distinctly crossing (Fig. 76A, C)........................................................ C. pilosiharpis sp. nov.   
6. Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex absent (e.g., Fig. 41D)........................................................................................................................................... 7  
– Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex present (e.g., Fig. 71D)........................................................................................................................................... 9  
7. Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.50 (e.g., Fig. 41A–C); harpe cone-shaped or triangular in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Fig. 41A, C).................................................................................................................... 8  
 – Harpe/gvc index 0.81 (Fig. 75A–C); harpe sickle-shaped in ventral and dorsal view (Fig. 75A, C)........................................................................................................................... C. onesimusi sp. nov.   
 8. Harpe/gvc index 0.50 (Sundholm 1970: 363, fig. 139)........................ C. longulus Sundholm, 1970   
 – Harpe/gvc index 0.33 (Fig. 41A–C)............................................................... C. breviharpis sp. nov.   
9. Harpe triangular and/or cone-shaped or bulb-shaped, not sickle-shaped and without apicoventral projection (e.g., Figs 42–43, 66, 71A, C)....................................................................................... 10  
 – Harpe sickle-shaped with apicoventral projection (Fig. 72A, C).................. C. mwekaensis sp. nov.   
10. Mesometapleuron with distinct longitudinal striations (Dessart 1963b: 530, fig. 4 female; Figs 42D, 103)..................................................................................................................................................11  
– Mesometapleuron without distinct longitudinal striations............................................................. 12  
 11. Mesometapleural sulcus present (Dessart 1963b: 530, fig. 4 female; Fig. 103)..................................................................................................................................................... C. masneri Dessart, 1963   
 – Mesometapleural sulcus absent (Fig. 42D)................................................... C. breviscapus sp. nov.   
12. Head brown, mesosoma brown and metasoma light brown or brown (e.g., Fig. 71D).................. 13  
 – Head light brown-yellowish, mesosoma yellowish except meso- and metapleuron darker and metasoma light brown-yellowish except anterior third lighter (Fig. 66D)............................................................................................................................................................ C. longumerunus sp. nov.   
 13. Harpe triangular in ventral and dorsal view; harpe/gvc index 0.31 (e.g., Fig. 71A, C)....................................................................................................................................................... C. mikoi sp. nov.   
 – Harpe cone-shaped in ventral and dorsal view; harpe/gvc index 0.93 (Fig. 43A, C)...................................................................................................................................................... C. buyangu sp. nov.   
14. Harpe finger-shaped in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Figs 40, 80)................................................ 15  
– Harpe not finger-shaped, but cone-shaped, trapezoidal or triangular in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Figs 44, 58)..................................................................................................................................... 23  
15. Harpe/gvc index> 1.00 (e.g., Fig. 64A–C).................................................................................... 16  
– Harpe/gvc index ˂ 0.70 (e.g., Fig. 50A–C).................................................................................... 19  
16. Harpe/gvc index ≤ 1.05 (e.g., Fig. 81A–C).................................................................................... 17  
 – Harpe/gvc index> 1.30 (e.g., Fig. 64A–C).................................................... C. longiharpis sp. nov.   
17. Head brown and mesosoma brown or light brown; flagellum light brown or light brown-yellowish; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex extending to end of mesosoma (Figs 48, 68D).................................................................................................... 18  
 – Head and mesosoma dark brown;flagellum brown;anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding end of mesosoma (Fig. 81D)............. C. semira sp. nov.   
 18. Mesosoma brown; flagellum light brown; F1 2.6 × as long as wide (Fig. 68D); lateral margin of harpe straight; dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally from base to apex; harpe with at least three lateral setae distributed along apical quarter (Fig. 68A, C).......................................................................................................................................... C. malava sp. nov.   
 – Mesosoma light brown; flagellum light brown-yellowish; F1 2.1 × as long as wide (Fig. 48D); lateral margin of harpe convex; dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally in basal half, straight and parallel to other harpe in apical half; harpe with at least four lateral setae distributed along apical half (Fig. 48A, C)....................................................... C. eaerendili sp. nov.   
19. Mesosoma dark brown or brown, ventrolateral parts not darker than rest; scape light brown or yellowish; F6 ≤ 1.8× as long as wide (e.g., Fig. 61D); harpe with at least three lateral setae but not more than four (e.g., Fig. 61A–C).................................................................................................. 20  
 – Mesosoma brown, ventrolateral parts darker than rest; scape brown; F6 2.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 80D); harpe with at least six lateral setae (Fig. 80A–C)................................. C. sataoi sp. nov.   
20. Scape yellowish or partially yellowish (Figs 50, 61–62); harpe/gvc index ≥ 0.64; harpe with at least nine median setae but not more than ten, median setae not convex or brush-like arranged (Figs 50, 61–62)............................................................................................................................................. 21  
 – Scape light brown (Fig. 40D); harpe/gvc index 0.56; harpe with at least eleven convex and brush-like arranged median setae (Fig. 40A, C)............................................................... C. brashi sp. nov.   
21. Scape and pedicel yellowish; flagellum light brown (Figs 61–62); lateral margin of harpe at least slightly convex; apex of harpe rounded (Figs 61–62).................................................................... 22  
 – Scape and pedicel light brown except proximal half of scape yellowish; flagellum brown (Fig. 50D); lateral margin of harpe straight; apex of harpe pointed (Fig. 50A, C)...................... C. ellae sp. nov.   
 22. Metasoma light brown; mesometapleural sulcus absent; head height 1.54–1.64 × maximum eye diameter (Fig. 61D); harpe/gvc index 0.55 (Fig. 61A–C)...................................... C. kidole sp. nov.   
 – Metasoma brown; mesometapleural sulcus present; head height 1.77–1.83 × maximum eye diameter (Fig. 62D); harpe/gvc index 0.68 (Fig. 62A–C).................................................. C. kimathii sp. nov.   
23. At least some flagellomeres moniliform (Figs 46, 67)................................................................... 24  
– All flagellomeres cylindric (e.g., Figs 49, 69)................................................................................ 25  
 24. Multiporous plates on flagellomeres elongate (Fig. 46D); harpe/gvc index 0.57; gvc slightly wider than long (Fig. 46A–C)................................................................................ C. clavatumeris sp. nov.   
 – Multiporous plates on flagellomeres small and round (Fig. 67D); harpe/gvc index 0.44; gvc width two thirds of gvc length (Fig. 67A–C)............................................................. C. maathaiae sp. nov.   
25. Harpe/gvc index ˃ 0.80 (e.g., Fig. 84A–C).................................................................................... 26  
– Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.63 (e.g., Figs 58, 83)..................................................................................... 29  
26. Harpe/gvc index ≥ 1.00 (e.g., Fig. 78A–C).................................................................................... 27  
– Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.86 (Figs 77, 84)............................................................................................. 28  
 27. Interaxillar sulcus absent; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding the end of the mesosoma; legs yellowish except proximal third of coxae light brown (Fig. 78D)............................................................................................... C. reinholdi sp. nov.   
 – Distinct interaxillar sulcus; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex not extending to the end of the mesosoma; legs yellowish (Sundholm 1970: 357–359; Fig. 101B)............................................................................ C. confusus Sundholm, 1970   
 28. Longitudinal sulcus on mesometapleuron from procoxa to metacoxa; scape and pedicel brown (Fig. 77D); genital moderately sclerotized; longest apical setae of harpe less than half as long as harpe (Fig. 77A–C)...................................................................................... C. pleurosulcus sp. nov.   
 – No longitudinal sulcus on mesometapleuron; scape and pedicel yellowish (Fig. 84D); genital weakly sclerotized; longest apical setae of harpe as long as harpe (Fig. 84A–C)................ C. tiriki sp. nov.   
29. Longest lateral setae of harpe shorter than harpe (e.g., Figs 58, 60).............................................. 30  
 – Longest lateral setae of harpe more than twice as long as harpe (Fig. 65A–C)............................................................................................................................................................ C. longisetae sp. nov.   
30. Scape brown (Figs 44, 58, 73, 100)................................................................................................ 31  
– Scape light brown or lighter (e.g., Figs 49, 53, 63, 69).................................................................. 34  
31. Mesosoma dark brown and metasoma brown or partially yellowish, but not amber-coloured (Figs 44, 73, 100)........................................................................................................................................... 32  
 – Mesosoma amber-coloured, ventrolateral parts darker than rest and metasoma amber-coloured (Fig. 58D)......................................................................................................... C. kaharabu sp. nov.   
32. Head dark brown; legs yellowish except coxae partially dark brown and light brown, syntergite brown (Figs 44, 73); harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.47 (Figs 44, 73)............................................................ 33  
 – Head brown, legs brown except tarsi yellowish, syntergite light brown-yellowish (Sundholm 1970: 359; Fig. 100B); harpe/gvc index 0.58 (Sundholm 1970: 361, fig. 135; Fig. 100A)..................................................................................................................................... C. cephalotes Sundholm, 1970   
 33. Dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally only in basal half, straight and parallel to other harpe in apical half (Fig. 44C); harpe with at least three lateral setae distributed along apical third (Fig. 44A, C).................................................... C. chemositi sp. nov.   
 – Dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally from base to apex (Fig. 73C); harpe with at least two lateral setae situated closely together at middle of harpe (Fig. 73A, C)......................................................................................................... C. nandi sp. nov.   
34. Lateral margin of harpe straight or slightly concave (Figs 39, 53, 57, 60, 79, 83)......................... 35  
– Lateral margin of harpe at least slightly convex (e.g., Figs 55, 59, 63, 70, 74)............................. 40  
35. Longest apical setae of harpe shorter than harpe (e.g., Fig. 60A–C)............................................. 36  
 – Longest apical setae of harpe longer than harpe (Fig. 53A–C)...................... C. hitagarciai sp. nov.   
36. Flagellum gradually darkening from F1 to F9 (e.g., Fig. 57D)...................................................... 37  
 – Flagellum with no colour gradient from F1 to F9 (Fig. 39D)................................ C. banda sp. nov.   
37. Weber length ≤ 1.82 × genital length (Figs 57, 60)......................................................................... 38  
– Weber length ≥ 2.44 × genital length (Figs 79, 83)......................................................................... 39  
 38. F1 shorter than F9; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex extending to end of mesosoma (Fig. 60D); harpe/gvc index 0.32 (Fig. 60A–C).................................................................................................................................. C. kakamegaensis sp. nov.   
 – F1 as long as F9; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding end of mesosoma (Fig. 57D); harpe/gvc index 0.46 (Fig. 57A–C)............................................................................................................................................................ C. ivindoensis sp. nov.   
 39. F1 2.8× as long as wide; F6 2.1× as long as wide (Fig. 83D); longest median setae of harpe one quarter as long as harpe (Fig. 83A–C)............................................................. C. tenuimeris sp. nov.   
 – F1 2.2× as long as wide, F6 1.8× as long as wide (Fig. 79D); longest median setae of harpe more than three quarters as long as harpe (Fig. 79A–C)................................................ C. salazar sp. nov.   
40. Harpe trapezoidal (Figs 55, 70)...................................................................................................... 41  
– Harpe triangular to cone-shaped or cone-shaped (e.g., Figs 49, 56).............................................. 42  
 41. F6 1.4× as long as wide, metapleuron without sculpture (Fig. 55D); harpe/gvc index 0.30; genital moderately sclerotized (Fig. 55A–C)................................................................. C. isecheno sp. nov.   
 – F6 1.8× as long as wide, metapleuron distinctly sculptured (Fig. 70D); harpe/gvc index 0.48; genital weakly sclerotized (Fig. 70A–C)................................................................ C. metapleuralis sp. nov.   
42. Gvc width more than three quarters of gvc length (e.g., Fig. 74A, C)........................................... 43  
– Gvc width less than three quarters of gvc length (e.g., Fig. 56A, C)............................................. 45  
43. OOL:POL ≤ 2.08; longest apical setae of harpe two thirds as long as harpe or shorter; genitalia moderately sclerotized (e.g., Fig. 63A–C)...................................................................................... 44  
 – OOL:POL 3.33; longest apical setae of harpe more than three quarters as long as harpe; genitalia weakly sclerotized, almost transparent (Fig. 74A–C).............................................. C. nzoia sp. nov.   
 44. Scape 4.7× as long as pedicel; F6 1.4× as long as wide (Fig. 63D); gvc width 1.29× distal gvc width (Fig. 63A, C)....................................................................................................... C. lirhanda sp. nov.   
 – Scape 2.9× as long as pedicel; F6 1.8× as long as wide (Fig. 49D); gvc width 1.16× distal gvc width (Fig. 49A, C)............................................................................................................ C. ekero sp. nov.   
45. Gvc width ≥ 1.33 × distal gvc width (e.g., Fig. 85A, C)................................................................. 46  
– Gvc width ≤ 1.26 × distal gvc width (e.g., Fig. 69A, C)................................................................. 47  
 46. Weber length 2.05 × genital length (Fig. 59); harpe/gvc index 0.37; genitalia moderately sclerotized with weakest sclerotization at harpe (Fig. 59A–C)..................................... C. kaimosiensis sp. nov.   
 – Weber length 3.43–3.60× genital length (Fig. 85); harpe/gvc index 0.57; genitalia weakly sclerotized with more strongly sclerotized apex of harpe (Fig. 85A–C)............................ C. trietschae sp. nov.   
47. Mesosoma uniformly dark brown or brown (e.g., Fig. 56D); longest lateral setae of harpe slightly more than half as long as harpe or less than half as long as harpe (e.g., Fig. 56A–C)................... 48  
 – Mesosoma brown with light brown mesoscutellum (Fig. 47D); longest lateral setae of harpe more than two thirds as long as harpe (Fig 47A–C).......................................................... C. digiti sp. nov.   
48. F6 ≥ 1.9× as long as wide (Figs 52, 69D); harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.43 (Figs 52, 69A–C).................. 49  
 – F6 1.4× as long as wide (Fig. 56D); harpe/gvc index 0.52 (Fig. 56A–C)............. C. isukha sp. nov.   
 49. Scape and pedicel light brown; scape 4.8× as long as pedicel (Fig. 69D); longest lateral setae half as long as harpe (Fig. 69A–C)......................................................................... C. mamamutere sp. nov.   
 – Scape and pedicel yellowish; scape 3.9× as long as pedicel (Fig. 52D); longest lateral setae more than half as long as harpe (Fig. 52A–C)............................................................... C. herreni sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Salden, Tobias & Peters, Ralph S., 2023, Afrotropical Ceraphronoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) put back on the map with the description of 88 new species, pp. 1-386 in European Journal of Taxonomy 884 (1) on pages 14-19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.884.2181, http://zenodo.org/record/8177941