cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonthermal radiation from relativistic electrons accelerated at spherically expanding shocks
Creators: name: Kang, Hyesung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons accelerated at spherically expanding shocks with low Mach numbers and the ensuing spectral signatures imprinted in radio synchrotron emission. Time-dependent simulations of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of electrons in the test-particle limit have been performed for spherical shocks with parameters relevant for typical shocks in the intracluster medium. The electron and radiation spectra at the shock location can be described properly by the test-particle DSA predictions with instantaneous shock parameters. However, the volume integrated spectra of both electrons and radiation deviate significantly from the test-particle power-laws, because the shock compression ratio and the flux of injected electrons at the shock gradually decrease as the shock slows down in time.So one needs to be cautious about interpreting observed radio spectra of evolving shocks based on simple DSA models in the test-particle regime.
description: corrected typos and figures, 12 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication at Journal of Korean Astronomical Society
Impact of Rattlers on Thermal Conductivity of a Thermoelectric Clathrate: A First-Principles Study
Creators: name: Tadano, Terumasa
name: Gohda, Yoshihiro
name: Tsuneyuki, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of rattling guest atoms on the lattice thermal-conductivity of a type-I clathrate Ba$_{8}$Ga$_{16}$Ge$_{30}$ by first-principles lattice dynamics. Comparing phonon properties of filled and empty clathrates, we show that rattlers cause 10-fold reductions in the relaxation time of phonons by increasing the phonon-phonon scattering probability. Contrary to the resonant scattering scenario, the reduction in the relaxation time occurs in a wide frequency range, which is crucial for explaining unusually low thermal-conductivities of clathrates. We also find that the impact of rattlers on the group velocity of phonons is secondary because the flattening of phonon dispersion occurs only in a limited phase space in the Brillouin zone.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Self-Supervised Vision Transformers for Malware Detection
Creators: name: Seneviratne, Sachith
name: Shariffdeen, Ridwan
name: Rasnayaka, Sanka
name: Kasthuriarachchi, Nuran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Malware detection plays a crucial role in cyber-security with the increase in malware growth and advancements in cyber-attacks. Previously unseen malware which is not determined by security vendors are often used in these attacks and it is becoming inevitable to find a solution that can self-learn from unlabeled sample data. This paper presents SHERLOCK, a self-supervision based deep learning model to detect malware based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture. SHERLOCK is a novel malware detection method which learns unique features to differentiate malware from benign programs with the use of image-based binary representation. Experimental results using 1.2 million Android applications across a hierarchy of 47 types and 696 families, shows that self-supervised learning can achieve an accuracy of 97% for the binary classification of malware which is higher than existing state-of-the-art techniques. Our proposed model is also able to outperform state-of-the-art techniques for multi-class malware classification of types and family with macro-F1 score of .497 and .491 respectively.
Supplementary document for A glaucoma detection model by exploiting multi-region and multi-scan-pattern OCT images with dynamical region score - 6790299.pdf
Creators: name: Kai, LIU
name: Zhang, Jicong
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: including a figure to show heat-map, and two tables for the original ratio height-width and p-value, respectively.
Parity proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem based on the Lie algebra E8
Creators: name: Waegell, Mordecai
name: Aravind, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 240 root vectors of the Lie algebra E8 lead to a system of 120 rays in a real 8-dimensional Hilbert space that contains a large number of parity proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem. After introducing the rays in a triacontagonal representation due to Coxeter, we present their Kochen-Specker diagram in the form of a "basis table" showing all 2025 bases (i.e., sets of eight mutually orthogonal rays) formed by the rays. Only a few of the bases are actually listed, but simple rules are given, based on the symmetries of E8, for obtaining all the other bases from the ones shown. The basis table is an object of great interest because all the parity proofs of E8 can be exhibited as subsets of it. We show how the triacontagonal representation of E8 facilitates the identification of substructures that are more easily searched for their parity proofs. We have found hundreds of different types of parity proofs, ranging from 9 bases (or contexts) at the low end to 35 bases at the high end, and involving projectors of various ranks and multiplicities. After giving an overview of the proofs we found, we present a few concrete examples of the proofs that illustrate both their generic features as well as some of their more unusual properties. In particular, we present a proof involving 34 rays and 9 bases that appears to be the most compact parity proof found to date in 8 dimensions.
description: 2 paragraphs have been added to the conclusion and 2 new refs have been added
"Wer schreibt denn, was hier passiert?"
Creators: name: Schwab, Hans-Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 37 Nr. 5 (2008): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 37, Heft 5
Calibrating the cosmic distance scale ladder: the role of the sound horizon scale and the local expansion rate as distance anchors
Creators: name: Cuesta, Antonio J.
name: Verde, Licia
name: Riess, Adam
name: Jimenez, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit cosmological-model independent measurements of the expansion history of the Universe to provide a cosmic distance ladder. These are supernovae type Ia used as standard candles (at redshift between 0.01 and 1.3) and baryon acoustic oscillations (at redshifts between 0.1 and 0.8) as standard rulers. We calibrate (anchor) the ladder in two ways: first using the local $H_0$ value as an anchor at $z$ = 0 (effectively calibrating the standard candles) and secondly using the cosmic microwave background-inferred sound-horizon scale as an anchor (giving the standard ruler length) as an inverse distance ladder. Both methods are consistent, but the uncertainty in the expansion history $H(z)$ is smaller if the sound horizon scale is used. We present inferred values for the sound horizon at radiation drag $r_d$ which do not rely on assumptions about the early expansion history nor on cosmic microwave background measurements but on the cosmic distance ladder and baryon acoustic oscillations measurements. We also present derived values of $H_0$ from the inverse distance ladder and we show that they are in very good agreement with the extrapolated value in a $Λ$CDM model from Planck cosmic microwave background data.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. Matches the version accepted by MNRAS. This version includes an additional BAO measurement (SDSS DR7 MGS) in the analysis. As a result, numerical values and figures have been recomputed. We find no significant changes due to the inclusion of this additional dataset
English Summaries
Creators: name: Bloor, Ivor
name: Cole, Philip
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2022

description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Vol. 56 No. 3 (2015): Burgen und Schlösser. Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
S7_Marronoid_ecology.pdf from Dynamic evolution of locomotor performance independent of changes in extended phenotype use in spiders
Creators: name: Kelly, Michael B. J.
name: Khan, Md Kawsar
name: Wierucka, Kaja
name: Jones, Braxton R.
name: Shofner, Ryan
name: Derkarabetian, Shahan
name: Wolff, Jonas O.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified
Animal Behaviour

description: Many animals use self-built structures (extended phenotypes) to enhance body functions, such as thermoregulation, prey capture or defence. Yet, it is unclear whether the evolution of animal constructions supplements or substitutes body functions—with disparate feedbacks on trait evolution. Here, using brown spiders (Araneae: marronoid clade), we explored if the evolutionary loss and gain of silken webs as extended prey capture devices correlates with alterations in traits known to play an important role in predatory strikes—locomotor performance (sprint speed) and leg spination (expression of capture spines on front legs). We found that in this group high locomotor performance, with running speeds of over 100 body lengths per second, evolved repeatedly—both in web-building and cursorial spiders. There was no correlation with running speed, and leg spination only poorly correlated, relative to the use of extended phenotypes, indicating that web use does not reduce selective pressures on body functions involved in prey capture and defence per se. Consequently, extended prey capture devices serve as supplements rather than substitutions to body traits and may only be beneficial in conjunction with certain life-history traits, possibly explaining the rare evolution and repeated loss of trapping strategies in predatory animals.
Scattering Equations and Matrices: From Einstein To Yang-Mills, DBI and NLSM
Creators: name: Cachazo, Freddy
name: He, Song
name: Yuan, Ellis Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tree-level S-matrix of Einstein's theory is known to have a representation as an integral over the moduli space of punctured spheres localized to the solutions of the scattering equations. In this paper we introduce three operations that can be applied on the integrand in order to produce other theories. Starting in $d+M$ dimensions we use dimensional reduction to construct Einstein-Maxwell with gauge group $U(1)^M$. The second operation turns gravitons into gluons and we call it "squeezing". This gives rise to a formula for all multi-trace mixed amplitudes in Einstein-Yang-Mills. Dimensionally reducing Yang-Mills we find the S-matrix of a special Yang-Mills-Scalar (YMS) theory, and by the squeezing operation we find that of a YMS theory with an additional cubic scalar vertex. A corollary of the YMS formula gives one for a single massless scalar with a $ϕ^4$ interaction. Starting again from Einstein's theory but in $d+d$ dimensions we introduce a "generalized dimensional reduction" that produces the Born-Infeld theory or a special Galileon theory in $d$ dimensions depending on how it is applied. An extension of Born-Infeld formula leads to one for the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) theory. By applying the same operation to Yang-Mills we obtain the $U(N)$ non-linear sigma model (NLSM). Finally, we show how the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations naturally follow from our formulation and provide additional connections among these theories. One such relation constructs DBI from YMS and NLSM.
description: typos corrected, additional theory identified in eq. 5.17 and section 5.4 added
From Easy to Hard: A Dual Curriculum Learning Framework for Context-Aware Document Ranking
Creators: name: Zhu, Yutao
name: Nie, Jian-Yun
name: Su, Yixuan
name: Chen, Haonan
name: Zhang, Xinyu
name: Dou, Zhicheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contextual information in search sessions is important for capturing users' search intents. Various approaches have been proposed to model user behavior sequences to improve document ranking in a session. Typically, training samples of (search context, document) pairs are sampled randomly in each training epoch. In reality, the difficulty to understand user's search intent and to judge document's relevance varies greatly from one search context to another. Mixing up training samples of different difficulties may confuse the model's optimization process. In this work, we propose a curriculum learning framework for context-aware document ranking, in which the ranking model learns matching signals between the search context and the candidate document in an easy-to-hard manner. In so doing, we aim to guide the model gradually toward a global optimum. To leverage both positive and negative examples, two curricula are designed. Experiments on two real query log datasets show that our proposed framework can improve the performance of several existing methods significantly, demonstrating the effectiveness of curriculum learning for context-aware document ranking.
description: CIKM 2022 Camera Ready
Open OnDemand: State of the Platform, Project and the Future
Creators: name: OH-TECH Consortium
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pre-print submitted to Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience in May, 2020
"... so verrückt, dass es vielleicht schon wieder wahr ist"
Creators: name: Ruster, Thomas
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 37 Nr. 5 (2008): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 37, Heft 5
CLASS: Coronal Line Activity Spectroscopic Survey
Creators: name: Reefe, Michael
name: Satyapal, Shobita
name: Sexton, Remington O.
name: Doan, Sara M.
name: Secrest, Nathan J.
name: Cann, Jenna M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct the first systematic survey of a comprehensive set of the twenty optical coronal lines in the spectra of nearly 1 million galaxies observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 8 catalog. This includes often overlooked high ionization-potential (IP) lines such as [Ar X] $λ$5533, [S XII] $λ$7609, [Fe XI] $λ$7892, and [Fe XIV] $λ$5303. We find that, given the limited sensitivity of SDSS, strong coronal line emission is extremely rare, with only $\sim 0.03$% of the sample showing at least one coronal line, significantly lower than the fraction of galaxies showing optical narrow line ratios ($\sim 17$%) or mid-infrared colors ($\sim 2$%) indicative of nuclear activity. The coronal line luminosities exhibit a large dynamic range, with values ranging from $\sim10^{34}$ to $10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$. We find that a vast majority ($\sim 80$%) of coronal line emitters in dwarf galaxies ($M_* < {9.6} \times 10^9$ M$_\odot$) do not display optical narrow line ratios indicative of nuclear activity, in contrast to higher mass galaxies ($\sim 17$%). Moreover, we find that the highest ionization potential lines are preferentially found in lower mass galaxies. These findings are consistent with the theory that lower mass black holes found in lower mass galaxies produce a hotter accretion disk, which in turn enhances the higher ionization coronal line spectrum. Future coronal line searches with 30 m class telescopes or JWST may provide a pathway into uncovering the intermediate mass black hole population.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Exposures Increase ACE2 Activity and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding
Creators: name: Chait A.R.
name: Sausville E.L.
name: Yuan M.L.
name: Ghosh A.
name: Sheltzer J.M.
name: Wrennall J.A.
name: Coakley R.D.
name: Vasudevan A.
name: Alexis N.E.
name: Tarran R.
name: Girish V.
Publisher: name: American Thoracic Society
Year: 2022

description: To the Editor: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has extensively impacted global health. The spike protein on the surface of the causative pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a metallocarboxypeptidase, which is expressed in both mACE2 (membrane-anchored ACE2) and sACE2 (soluble ACE2) forms in the lung. Although mACE2 is responsible for viral entry, recent observations also suggest that sACE2 is involved, by its interaction with the spike protein, followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis of the viral particles (1). Tobacco use has been speculated as a risk factor for contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent disease severity (2, 3), and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been shown to induce harmful proteomic and immune changes in the lungs of vapers (4). In addition, the effect of vaping, and the role of nicotine, in the regulation of ACE2 expression has been demonstrated in animal models and cell culture systems (5–8). We therefore tested the hypothesis that combustible tobacco (e.g., cigarettes) and noncombustible e-cigarettes could affect ACE2 activity and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some of our data have been reported previously at an international conference (9) and deposited in a preprint repository (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.04.447156).
On Generalized Logarithmic Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized logarithmic electrodynamics with two parameters $β$ and $γ$ is considered. The indexes of refraction of light in the external magnetic field are calculated. In the case $β=γ$ we come to results obtained by P. Gaete and J. Helayël-Neto [7] (Eur.Phys.J. C\textbf{74}, 2816 (2014)). The bound on the values of $β$, $γ$ was obtained from the Biréfringence Magnétique du Vide (BMV) experiment. The symmetrical Belinfante energy-momentum tensor and dilatation current are found.
description: 7 pages, no figures, changed title, corrected typo in Eq. 11
Die Welt der Bilder bei J.R.R. Tolkien und C.S. Lewis
Creators: name: Caldecott, Stratford
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 37 Nr. 5 (2008): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 37, Heft 5
COVID-19 in the Community: Changes to Women's Mental Health, Financial Security, and Physical Activity
Creators: name: Hart, Lauren J.
name: Fish, Laura J.
name: Medrano, Perla
name: Ramirez, Diana M.
name: Zimmerman, Michael E.
name: Østbye, Truls
name: Piccone, Caitlin
name: Huggins, Lenique K.L.
name: Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela
name: Holliday, Katelyn M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Introduction This study describes changes in the mental health, financial security, and physical activity levels of women in North Carolina during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data were collected from women aged 20–40 years receiving primary care at 2 health centers in North Carolina during 2020–2022. Surveys (N=127) evaluated changes in mental health, financial security, and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. These outcomes were analyzed both descriptively and for association with sociodemographic factors using logistic regression. A subset of participants (n=46) participated in semistructured interviews. Interview transcripts were reviewed and evaluated for recurring themes by primary and secondary coders using a rapid-coding technique. Analysis was conducted in 2022. Results Women surveyed were 28.4% non-Hispanic White, 38.6% non-Hispanic Black, and 33.1% Hispanic/Latina. Compared with reports before the pandemic, participants reported increased frustration or boredom (69.1%), loneliness (51.6%), anxiety (64.3%), depression (52.4%), and changed sleep patterns (68.3%). Increased alcohol and other recreational substance use were associated with race and ethnicity (p<0.05) after adjustment for other sociodemographic factors. Participants reported difficulty in paying for basic expenses (44.0%). Financial difficulties during COVID-19 were associated with non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity, less education, and lower prepandemic household income. Data showed pandemic-associated reductions in mild (32.8%), moderate (39.5%), and strenuous (43.3%) exercise, with a correlation between increased depression and reduced mild exercise. Interviews identified themes including reduced activity while working remotely, lack of gym access, and reduced motivation for exercise. Conclusions This mixed-methods study is one of the first to evaluate the mental health, financial security, and physical activity challenges women aged between 20 and 40 years in the southern U.S. faced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
"Lei Pastoureu" (les bergers), noël écrit et composé par Nicolas Saboly, interprété aux galoubets-tambourins par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
S9_trait_variation.pdf from Dynamic evolution of locomotor performance independent of changes in extended phenotype use in spiders
Creators: name: Kelly, Michael B. J.
name: Khan, Md Kawsar
name: Wierucka, Kaja
name: Jones, Braxton R.
name: Shofner, Ryan
name: Derkarabetian, Shahan
name: Wolff, Jonas O.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified
Animal Behaviour

description: Many animals use self-built structures (extended phenotypes) to enhance body functions, such as thermoregulation, prey capture or defence. Yet, it is unclear whether the evolution of animal constructions supplements or substitutes body functions—with disparate feedbacks on trait evolution. Here, using brown spiders (Araneae: marronoid clade), we explored if the evolutionary loss and gain of silken webs as extended prey capture devices correlates with alterations in traits known to play an important role in predatory strikes—locomotor performance (sprint speed) and leg spination (expression of capture spines on front legs). We found that in this group high locomotor performance, with running speeds of over 100 body lengths per second, evolved repeatedly—both in web-building and cursorial spiders. There was no correlation with running speed, and leg spination only poorly correlated, relative to the use of extended phenotypes, indicating that web use does not reduce selective pressures on body functions involved in prey capture and defence per se. Consequently, extended prey capture devices serve as supplements rather than substitutions to body traits and may only be beneficial in conjunction with certain life-history traits, possibly explaining the rare evolution and repeated loss of trapping strategies in predatory animals.
Hybrid-order Poincaré sphere
Creators: name: Yi, Xunong
name: Liu, Yachao
name: Ling, Xiaohui
name: Zhou, Xinxing
name: Ke, Yougang
name: Luo, Hailu
name: Wen, Shuangchun
name: Fan, Dianyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we develop a hybrid-order Poincaré sphere to describe the evolution of polarization states of wave propagation in inhomogeneous anisotropic media. We extend the orbital Poincaré sphere and high-order Poincaré sphere to a more general form. Polarization evolution in inhomogeneous anisotropic media with special geometry can be conveniently described by state evolution along the longitude line on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. Similar to that in previously proposed Poincaré spheres, the Berry curvature can be regarded as an effective magnetic field with monopole centered at the origin of sphere and Berry connection can be interpreted as the vector potential. Both the Berry curvature and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere are demonstrated to be proportional to the total angular momentum. Our scheme provides a convenient method to describe the spin-orbit interaction in inhomogeneous anisotropic media.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Diagnosing lepton-nonuniversality in $b \to s \ell \ell$
Creators: name: Hiller, Gudrun
name: Schmaltz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ratios of branching fractions of semileptonic B decays, $(B \to H μμ)$ over $(B \to H ee)$ with $H=K, K^*,X_s, K_0(1430), ϕ, \ldots$ are sensitive probes of lepton universality. In the Standard Model, the underlying flavor changing neutral current process $b\rightarrow s \ell \ell$ is lepton flavor universal. However models with new flavor violating physics above the weak scale can give substantial non-universal contributions. The leading contributions from such new physics can be parametrized by effective dimension six operators involving left- or right-handed quarks. We show that in the double ratios $R_{X_s}/R_K$, $R_{K^*}/R_K$ and $R_ϕ/R_K$ the dependence on new physics coupling to left-handed quarks cancels out. Thus a measurement of any of these double ratios is a clean probe of flavor nonuniversal physics coupling to right-handed quarks. We also point out that the observables $R_{X_s}$, $R_{K^*}$, $R_{K_0(1430)}$ and $R_ϕ$ depend on the same combination of Wilson coefficients and therefore satisfy simple consistency relations.
description: 20 pages, 4 plots; axialvector K1 included
S8_Summary_Trait_tables.pdf from Dynamic evolution of locomotor performance independent of changes in extended phenotype use in spiders
Creators: name: Kelly, Michael B. J.
name: Khan, Md Kawsar
name: Wierucka, Kaja
name: Jones, Braxton R.
name: Shofner, Ryan
name: Derkarabetian, Shahan
name: Wolff, Jonas O.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified
Animal Behaviour

description: Many animals use self-built structures (extended phenotypes) to enhance body functions, such as thermoregulation, prey capture or defence. Yet, it is unclear whether the evolution of animal constructions supplements or substitutes body functions—with disparate feedbacks on trait evolution. Here, using brown spiders (Araneae: marronoid clade), we explored if the evolutionary loss and gain of silken webs as extended prey capture devices correlates with alterations in traits known to play an important role in predatory strikes—locomotor performance (sprint speed) and leg spination (expression of capture spines on front legs). We found that in this group high locomotor performance, with running speeds of over 100 body lengths per second, evolved repeatedly—both in web-building and cursorial spiders. There was no correlation with running speed, and leg spination only poorly correlated, relative to the use of extended phenotypes, indicating that web use does not reduce selective pressures on body functions involved in prey capture and defence per se. Consequently, extended prey capture devices serve as supplements rather than substitutions to body traits and may only be beneficial in conjunction with certain life-history traits, possibly explaining the rare evolution and repeated loss of trapping strategies in predatory animals.
Adapting the LodView RDF Browser for Navigation over the Multilingual Linguistic Linked Open Data Cloud
Creators: name: Kirillovich, Alexander
name: Nikolaev, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; H.5.4
subject: 68T30 (Primary) 68T50 (Secondary)

description: The paper is dedicated to the use of LodView for navigation over the multilingual Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud. First, we define the class of Pubby-like tools, that LodView belongs to, and clarify the relation of this class to the classes of URI dereferenciation tools, RDF browsers and LOD visualization tools. Second, we reveal several limitations of LodView that impede its use for the designated purpose, and propose improvements to be made for fixing these limitations. These improvements are: 1) resolution of Cyrillic URIs; 2) decoding Cyrillic URIs in Turtle representations of resources; 3) support of Cyrillic literals; 4) user-friendly URLs for RDF representations of resources; 5) support of hash URIs; 6) expanding nested resources; 7) support of RDF collections; 8) pagination of resource property values; and 9) support of $\LaTeX$ math notation. Third, we partially implement several of the proposed improvements.
COVID-19-Related Testing, Knowledge and Behaviors among Severe and Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Patients in Neno District, Malawi: A Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Vrkljan, Kaylin
name: Aron, Moses Banda
name: Nyirongo, Revelation
name: Dullie, Luckson
name: Mailosi, Bright
name: Zaniku, Haules Robbins
name: Ruderman, Todd
name: Munyaneza, Fabien
name: Barnhart, Dale A.
name: Banda, Gladys Mtalimanja
name: Connolly, Emilia
name: Ndambo, Myness Kasanda
name: Tyagi, Kartik
name: Mphande, Isaac
name: Talama, George
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: COVID-19-related knowledge and behaviors remain essential for controlling the spread of disease, especially among vulnerable patients with advanced, chronic diseases. We prospectively assessed changes over 11 months in COVID-19-related testing, knowledge, and behaviors among patients with non-communicable diseases in rural Malawi using four rounds of telephone interviews between November 2020 to October 2021. The most commonly reported COVID-19-related risks among patients included visiting health facilities (35–49%), attending mass gatherings (33–36%), and travelling outside the district (14–19%). Patients reporting having experienced COVID-like symptoms increased from 30% in December 2020 to 41% in October 2021. However, only 13% of patients had ever received a COVID-19 test by the end of the study period. Respondents answered 67–70% of the COVID-19 knowledge questions correctly, with no significant changes over time. Hand washing, wearing face masks and maintaining a safe distance were the most frequently reported strategies to prevent the spreading of COVID-19. Wearing face masks significantly improved over time (p < 0.001). Although the majority reported accurate knowledge about COVID-19 and enhanced adherence to infection prevention measures over time, patients commonly visited locations where they could be exposed to COVID-19. Government and other stakeholders should increase COVID-19 testing accessibility to primary and secondary facilities.
Data quality considerations for evaluating COVID-19 treatments using real world data: learnings from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
Creators: name: Shao Y.R.
name: Sidky H.
name: Lee E.
name: Michael S.
name: Wilkins K.J.
name: Setoguchi S.
name: Young J.C.
name: Girvin A.T.
name: Hotaling N.
name: Funk M.J.
name: The N3C Consortium
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2023

description: Background: Multi-institution electronic health records (EHR) are a rich source of real world data (RWD) for generating real world evidence (RWE) regarding the utilization, benefits and harms of medical interventions. They provide access to clinical data from large pooled patient populations in addition to laboratory measurements unavailable in insurance claims-based data. However, secondary use of these data for research requires specialized knowledge and careful evaluation of data quality and completeness. We discuss data quality assessments undertaken during the conduct of prep-to-research, focusing on the investigation of treatment safety and effectiveness. Methods: Using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) enclave, we defined a patient population using criteria typical in non-interventional inpatient drug effectiveness studies. We present the challenges encountered when constructing this dataset, beginning with an examination of data quality across data partners. We then discuss the methods and best practices used to operationalize several important study elements: exposure to treatment, baseline health comorbidities, and key outcomes of interest. Results: We share our experiences and lessons learned when working with heterogeneous EHR data from over 65 healthcare institutions and 4 common data models. We discuss six key areas of data variability and quality. (1) The specific EHR data elements captured from a site can vary depending on source data model and practice. (2) Data missingness remains a significant issue. (3) Drug exposures can be recorded at different levels and may not contain route of administration or dosage information. (4) Reconstruction of continuous drug exposure intervals may not always be possible. (5) EHR discontinuity is a major concern for capturing history of prior treatment and comorbidities. Lastly, (6) access to EHR data alone limits the potential outcomes which can be used in studies. Conclusions: The creation of large scale centralized multi-site EHR databases such as N3C enables a wide range of research aimed at better understanding treatments and health impacts of many conditions including COVID-19. As with all observational research, it is important that research teams engage with appropriate domain experts to understand the data in order to define research questions that are both clinically important and feasible to address using these real world data.
Der dreifaltige Gott, der eine Christus und die Gestalt der Kirche
Creators: name: Lüning, Peter
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 37 Nr. 4 (2008): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 37, Heft 4
title: AN APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR HYDRAULIC FRACTURE OPENING UNDER NON-UNIFORM INTERNAL PRESSURE
Creators: name: Li, Kairui
name: Smirnov, N.N.
name: Pestov, D.A.
name: Qi, Chengzhi
name: Kiselev, A.B.
Publisher: name: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Year: 2020

description: Because of the special non-uniform pressure distribution in hydraulic fracture, an especial hypothesis is proposed to get an approximate solution for the fracture opening, which satisfies the mixed boundary conditions on the fracture edges with the use of Bessel function integral properties. Error analysis of this approximate solution compared with the accurate solution is carried out. It is proved that the approximate solution is in good agreement with the accurate solution under the condition of this special pressure distribution in hydraulic-fracturing.
N=4 superconformal mechanics from the su(2) perspective
Creators: name: Galajinsky, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issue of constructing an N=4 superconformal mechanics in one dimension is reconsidered with a special emphasis put on the realizations of the su(2)-subalgebra in the full su(1,1|2)-superalgebra. New dynamical realizations of su(1,1|2) are constructed which describe an interaction of the (0,4,4)-supermultiplet with either the (1,4,3)-, or (3,4,1)-, or (4,4,0)-supermultiplet. A relation of the N=4 superconformal mechanics with massive superparticles propagating near the black hole horizons is discussed. Background geometry associated with the model based on the (4,4,0)-supermultiplet is identified with the near horizon limit of the d=5, N=2 supergravity interacting with one vector multiplet.
description: V2: 16 pages, minor modifications, references added, acknowledgements extended; the version to appear in JHEP
Morphokinematic modelling of the point-symmetric Cat's Eye, NGC 6543: Ring-like remnants of a precessing jet
Creators: name: Clairmont, Ryan
name: Steffen, Wolfgang
name: Koning, Nico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The planetary nebula known as the Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) has a complex, point-symmetric morphology that cannot be fully explained by the current theory of planetary nebula formation, the Interacting Stellar Winds Model. In order to reveal the three dimensional (3D) structure of the Cat's Eye Nebula, we created a detailed 3D morpho-kinematic model of this nebula using a [NII] image from the Hubble Space Telescope and five different position-velocity diagrams using the SHAPE code. This modeling approach has revealed point-symmetric partial rings, which were likely formed by a precessing jet.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Spontaneous four-wave mixing in lossy microring resonators
Creators: name: Vernon, Z.
name: Sipe, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general Hamiltonian treatement of spontaneous four-wave mixing in a microring resonator side-coupled to a channel waveguide. The effect of scattering losses in the ring is included, as well as parasitic nonlinear effects including self- and cross-phase modulation. A procedure for computing the output of such a system for arbitrary parameters and pump states is presented. For the limit of weak pumping an expression for the joint spectral intensity of generated photon pairs, as well as the singles-to-coincidences ratio, is derived.
description: (Revised) 10 pages, 3 figures
Photo-induced voltage in nano-porous gold thin film
Creators: name: Akbari, Marjan
name: Onoda, Masaru
name: Ishihara, Teruya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an experimental study of generation of photo-induced voltage in nano-porous gold (NPG) thin film under the radiation of obliquely incident nanosecond laser light in visible regions. For s- polarized light, negative voltage is observed along the incident plane for positive incident angles, while for p- polarized light, positive voltage is observed for wavelength longer than 510 nm, while it turns to negative for shorter wavelengths. The transverse voltage for various polarized light is explained in terms of symmetry of configuration and that of microscopically random but macroscopically isotropic NPG.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
S6_phylogenies.pdf from Dynamic evolution of locomotor performance independent of changes in extended phenotype use in spiders
Creators: name: Kelly, Michael B. J.
name: Khan, Md Kawsar
name: Wierucka, Kaja
name: Jones, Braxton R.
name: Shofner, Ryan
name: Derkarabetian, Shahan
name: Wolff, Jonas O.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified
Animal Behaviour

description: Many animals use self-built structures (extended phenotypes) to enhance body functions, such as thermoregulation, prey capture or defence. Yet, it is unclear whether the evolution of animal constructions supplements or substitutes body functions—with disparate feedbacks on trait evolution. Here, using brown spiders (Araneae: marronoid clade), we explored if the evolutionary loss and gain of silken webs as extended prey capture devices correlates with alterations in traits known to play an important role in predatory strikes—locomotor performance (sprint speed) and leg spination (expression of capture spines on front legs). We found that in this group high locomotor performance, with running speeds of over 100 body lengths per second, evolved repeatedly—both in web-building and cursorial spiders. There was no correlation with running speed, and leg spination only poorly correlated, relative to the use of extended phenotypes, indicating that web use does not reduce selective pressures on body functions involved in prey capture and defence per se. Consequently, extended prey capture devices serve as supplements rather than substitutions to body traits and may only be beneficial in conjunction with certain life-history traits, possibly explaining the rare evolution and repeated loss of trapping strategies in predatory animals.
Grassmann tensor renormalization group for one-flavor lattice Gross-Neveu model with finite chemical potential
Creators: name: Takeda, Shinji
name: Yoshimura, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the Grassmann tensor renormalization group (GTRG) to the one-flavor lattice Gross-Neveu model in the presence of chemical potential. We compute the fermion number density and its susceptibility and confirm the validity of GTRG for the finite density system. We introduce a method analogous to the reweighting method for Monte Carlo method and test it for some parameters.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Renormalized vacuum polarization of rotating black holes
Creators: name: Ferreira, Hugo R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum field theory on rotating black hole spacetimes is plagued with technical difficulties. Here, we describe a general method to renormalize and compute the vacuum polarization of a quantum field in the Hartle-Hawking state on rotating black holes. We exemplify the technique with a massive scalar field on the warped AdS3 black hole solution to topologically massive gravity, a deformation of (2+1)-dimensional Einstein gravity. We use a "quasi-Euclidean" technique, which generalizes the Euclidean techniques used for static spacetimes, and we subtract the divergences by matching to a sum over mode solutions on Minkowski spacetime. This allows us, for the first time, to have a general method to compute the renormalized vacuum polarization (and, more importantly, the renormalized stress-energy tensor), for a given quantum state, on a rotating black hole, such as the physically relevant case of the Kerr black hole in four dimensions.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, v2: published version. Proceedings of the VII Black Holes Workshop, published in the International Journal of Modern Physics D
Noether Symmetry Approach for Dirac-Born-Infeld Cosmology
Creators: name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
name: Myrzakulov, Ratbay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Noether Symmetry Approach for a cosmological model derived from a tachyon scalar field $T$ with a Dirac-Born-Infeld Lagrangian and a potential $V(T)$. Furthermore, we assume a coupled canonical scalar field $ϕ$ with an arbitrary interaction potential $B(T,ϕ)$. Exact solutions are derived consistent with the accelerated behavior of cosmic fluid.
description: 7 pages
Ion and Electron Acceleration in Fully Kinetic Plasma Turbulence
Creators: name: Comisso, Luca
name: Sironi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulence is often invoked to explain the origin of nonthermal particles in space and astrophysical plasmas. By means of 3D fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that turbulence in low-$β$ plasmas ($β$ is the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure) accelerates ions and electrons into a nonthermal energy distribution with a power-law energy range. The ion spectrum is harder than the electron one, and both distributions get steeper for higher $β$. We show that the energization of electrons is accompanied by a significant energy-dependent pitch-angle anisotropy, with most electrons moving parallel to the local magnetic field, while ions stay roughly isotropic. We demonstrate that particle injection from the thermal pool occurs in regions of high current density. Parallel electric fields associated with magnetic reconnection are responsible for the initial energy gain of electrons, whereas perpendicular electric fields control the overall energization of ions. Our findings have important implications for the origin of nonthermal particles in space and astrophysical plasmas.
description: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Schatten der Erde - Schatten des Lebens
Creators: name: Marten, Rainer
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 37 Nr. 4 (2008): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 37, Heft 4
Coexistence of Wi-Fi and Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks Sharing Unlicensed Spectrum
Creators: name: Zhang, Haijun
name: Chu, Xiaoli
name: Guo, Weisi
name: Wang, Siyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As two major players in terrestrial wireless communications, Wi-Fi systems and cellular networks have different origins and have largely evolved separately. Motivated by the exponentially increasing wireless data demand, cellular networks are evolving towards a heterogeneous and small cell network architecture, wherein small cells are expected to provide very high capacity. However, due to the limited licensed spectrum for cellular networks, any effort to achieve capacity growth through network densification will face the challenge of severe inter-cell interference. In view of this, recent standardization developments have started to consider the opportunities for cellular networks to use the unlicensed spectrum bands, including the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands that are currently used by Wi-Fi, Zigbee and some other communication systems. In this article, we look into the coexistence of Wi-Fi and 4G cellular networks sharing the unlicensed spectrum. We introduce a network architecture where small cells use the same unlicensed spectrum that Wi-Fi systems operate in without affecting the performance of Wi-Fi systems. We present an almost blank subframe (ABS) scheme without priority to mitigate the co-channel interference from small cells to Wi-Fi systems, and propose an interference avoidance scheme based on small cells estimating the density of nearby Wi-Fi access points to facilitate their coexistence while sharing the same unlicensed spectrum. Simulation results show that the proposed network architecture and interference avoidance schemes can significantly increase the capacity of 4G heterogeneous cellular networks while maintaining the service quality of Wi-Fi systems.
description: Haijun Zhang; Xiaoli Chu; Weisi Guo; Siyi Wang, "Coexistence of Wi-Fi and heterogeneous small cell networks sharing unlicensed spectrum," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.53, no.3, pp.158,164, March 2015