cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Trans-imperial mediations of the 'Turk'
Creators: name: Sohrawardy, Ameer
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: My dissertation will examine the role of the trans-imperial mediator in facilitating literary and cultural interactions between England and the Ottoman Empire in the early modern period. I define „trans-imperial mediator‟ to mean those travelers who shuttled between England and the Ottoman Empire, on behalf of their employers, for trade, intelligence-gathering, or diplomatic exchange. I argue that these mediators fashioned depictions of the Turk in response to their own trans-imperial anxieties. They imagined themselves to be aliens among the Ottoman subjects whom they encountered daily, despite sharing more in common with these Ottomans than the countrymen to whom they addressed their writing. At the same time, they felt equally uncertain about the prospects of returning home and being accepted as Englishmen, despite their assertions to the contrary. The identity that they created for themselves - Englishmen who were distinctly different from „the Turk‟ - must be understood as a response to their multiple identities and complex obligations. I argue that the „Turk‟ that these mediators introduced to English audiences must also be read as a composite creation – an imaginative response to the obligations of serving English interests while trying to live among the Ottomans. English playwrights recognized the creative opportunities allowed by dramatizing the polyvalent figure of the trans-imperial mediator to fashion their own types of Turks. Dramatists recognized the unique conjunctions between the vilified trans-imperial mediator and the Turk by using the play space to „recover‟ the imagined voice of the mediator and interrogate what anxieties occasioned the creation of particular types of Turk. English dramatists also introduced the figure of the trans-imperial mediator to a sympathetic audience – those discontented Englishmen who imagined escaping from the limiting social and economic conditions at home. Through lending the trans-imperial mediator a voice of his/her own, English „Turk‟ plays can be interpreted anew as interpretive paradigms for understanding how mediation functioned literarily in non-fiction accounts. Once we consider the shared investments that linked English trans-imperial mediators to their fictionalized counterparts, we may better understand why particular images of the 'Turk‟ must be interpreted through a web of domestic anxieties.
Perceptual estimation of variance in orientation and its dependence on sample size
Creators: name: Cholewiak, Steven A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Recent research has shown that participants are very good at perceptually estimating summary statistics of sets of similar objects (e.g., Ariely, 2001; Chong & Treisman, 2003; 2005).  While the research has focused on first-order statistics (e.g., the mean size of a set of discs), it is unlikely that a mental representation of the world includes only a list of mean estimates (or expected values) of various attributes.  Therefore, a comprehensive theory of perceptual summary statistics would be incomplete without an investigation of the representation of second-order statistics (i.e., variance).  Two experiments were conducted to test participants' ability to discriminate samples that differed in orientation variability.  Discrimination thresholds and points of subjective equality for displays of oriented triangles were measured in Experiment 1. The results indicated that participants could discriminate variance without bias and that participant sensitivity (measured via relative thresholds, i.e., Weber fractions) was dependent upon sample size but not baseline variance.  Experiment 2 investigated whether participants used a simpler second-order statistic, namely, sample range to discriminate dispersion in orientation.  The results of Experiment 2 showed that variance was a much better predictor of performance than sample range.  Taken together, the experiments suggest that variance information is part of the visual system's representation of scene variables. However, unlike the estimation of first-order statistics, the estimation of variance depends crucially on sample size.
Macedonian direct objects, clitics and the left periphery
Creators: name: Kochovska, Slavica
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation investigates the patterning of Macedonian direct object DPs with respect to clitic pronouns. The occurrence of clitics with direct objects in Macedonian varies along two dimensions, the type of DP and the position of DP. Two broad classes are considered, regular and wh DPs, and positions both within IP and at the left periphery. The patterning of direct objects can be schematically represented as follows:  (i) [IP Subj (CL) V QP/wh]  (ii) [IP Subj QP/wh (CL) V ]  (iii) [XPQP/wh [IP Subj (CL) V]]  The clitic co-occurrence restrictions in Macedonian are argued to be sensitive to the feature specification for strength of the DPs. Within each class of DPs, I show that there are well defined distinctions which correlate with the DPs' distinctive semantic properties. In particular, the specification of the regular DPs is linked to their strength in the sense of Barwise & Cooper (1981); the specification of the wh DPs is linked to their D-linking properties in the sense of Pesetsky (1987) and Comorovski (1996). The occurrence of the clitics is shown to be regulated by the Clitic Criterion (Sportiche 1998), with the clitic licensing a particular feature in the DP with which it co-occurs.  The licensing is carried out through an agreement relation, in a Spec-Head configuration.  It is proposed that only [+strong] DPs satisfy the Clitic Criterion. As such, within IP only strong DPs trigger the appearance of the clitic pronoun. At the left periphery, however, weak DPs can optionally occur with clitics. This can be explained through the possibility of some weak DPs entering into a binding relation with pro in argument position, which satisfies the Clitic Criterion. This explanation depends on a characterization of the DPs as [+strong], [-strong] and unspecified.  I present arguments to establish that DPs at the left periphery that occur with clitics differ derivationally from those without clitics. I further establish on the basis of subject intervention effects, that wh-phrases with clitics occupy a higher position than wh-phrases without clitics, and suggest that the same holds for regular DPs.
Apenesia flavipes Cameron 1888
Creators: name: Alencar, Isabel D. C. C.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Apenesia
Apenesia flavipes

description: Apenesia flavipes Cameron, 1888
(Fig. 26B)
Apenesia flavipes Cameron 1888: 1: 449, tab. 19, fig. 11. ♀; Kieffer 1908, 76: 25 (catalog); Kieffer 1914, 41: 392, 395; Evans 1963, 130: 269, 357–358; Evans 1964, 132: 32; Gordh & Móczár 1990, 46: 203 (catalog).
Diagnosis. Female. Length 5.2 mm. Color. Body castaneous. Mandible with two apical teeth. Clypeus extending back frons, median lobe broadly trapezoidal, apical margin with bristles, median carina straight in profile. Eye dark, elliptical, with about 12 facets. Malar space shorter than eye length. Frons polished punctures sparse. Head quadrate with sides parallel and convex, vertex straight, 1.03 × as long as wide. Dorsal pronotal area with sides nearly parallel. Maximum width of metapectal-propodeal complex 1.82 × its minimum width. Mesotibia strongly spinose. Metasoma as long as head and mesosoma together, petiole short.
Material examined. Holotype ♀: [PANAMA, Chiriqui], V [olcan] de Chiriqui, 2000–3000 f[ee]t, [G. C.] Champion col. (BMNH, 13255).
Distribution. Neotropical (Panama).
description: Published as part of Alencar, Isabel D. C. C. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2020, Revision of the world Apenesia Westwood (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4724 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4724.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3612936
Parental influences on college student drinking
Creators: name: Robinson, Kimberly Jean
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Problematic drinking in college students is a serious public health problem. Although parental influence wanes during the college years, research suggests that parental behaviors in high school, including monitoring, alcohol-specific control (i.e., rules or communication), and problematic modeling of drinking, continue to predict their children's drinking even into college. This dissertation tests a model, developed by the author, that posits prospective associations between the parental behaviors discussed above and college student problematic drinking, mediated by student alcohol-related cognitions, namely, self-efficacy to avoid alcohol, negative alcohol expectancies, and peer drinking norms. Tests were conducted of the following main hypotheses: (1) parental behaviors in the senior year of high school are associated with a number of college freshmen's drinking outcomes, including heavy drinking, alcohol problems, and male and female binge drinking, after statistically controlling for significant covariates, such as gender, race, and past student drinking, and (2) each of the student alcohol-related cognitions mediates the relationships between parental behaviors and student drinking. Data to test these hypotheses were collected at one time point from an undergraduate population at a large, public university, and data on all measures was provided by student self-report (N = 292). Multiple regression analyses indicated that, for the most part, results were consistent with predictions. Greater maternal drinking was significantly and directly associated with greater student heavy drinking, and greater paternal drinking was significantly and directly associated with greater alcohol problems. Greater parental alcohol-specific monitoring was significantly and directly associated with lower heavy drinking and alcohol problems, while greater alcohol-specific rules was significantly and directly associated with lower heavy drinking and male binge drinking. Unexpectedly, greater alcohol-specific communication was significantly and directly associated with greater, not lower, student heavy drinking and alcohol problems and female binge drinking. Mediational analyses revealed that all three of the student alcohol-related cognitions mediated several relationships between parental behaviors and student drinking outcomes. Surprisingly, greater paternal drinking was significantly and indirectly associated with lower, not greater, student heavy drinking, as mediated by greater student negative alcohol expectancies. Methodological limitations notwithstanding, this study is one of the first to test a comprehensive mediated model of parental behaviors, student alcohol-related cognitions, and student drinking.
Mental health services and the well-being of maltreated children
Creators: name: Kim, Soyoun
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation investigated factors influencing maltreated children's  accessibility to mental health services, based on Andersen's behavioral model. This study  also examined whether these mental health services ultimately improved the well-being  of maltreated children. Using the longitudinal national dataset, the National Survey of  Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), 1,559 children aged 5-14 years were  selected for this study. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted using  sampling weights. The results of the study indicated that children's age and gender, maltreatment  type, placement type, caregiver's race, insurance coverage, and perceived need were significant predictors of mental health service use. Specifically, mental health service use  increased with age, male gender, physical abuse, foster care placement, and Caucasian  caregivers. With respect to insurance coverage, children with Medicaid received  significantly more mental health care than did children without insurance coverage.  Children with perceived need received more mental health care than did children with no  perceived need. In regard to the effects of mental health services on child well-being, the  results of this study found that mental health services did improve the well-being of  maltreated children, but the amount of improvement was not as large as the amount of  well-being improvement of the untreated children. In three developmental areas, children  who had received mental health treatment at Wave 3 were less improved than children  who had not received any mental health treatment. The findings from this study have implications for practice, policy, and future  research on the well-being of maltreated children. This study suggests that further  research is needed to examine why the mental health services in this study had muted  effects in improving child well-being in the real-world and to help design effective  intervention programs for maltreated children. The findings suggest that guidelines are  needed to implement the most appropriate treatment for each child.
MOESM2 of Homeostatic modulation on unconscious hedonic responses to food
Creators: name: Sato, Wataru
name: Sawada, Reiko
name: Kubota, Yasutaka
name: Motomi Toichi
name: Fushiki, Tohru
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary findings. Findings from additional analysis.
Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang 2009
Creators: name: Ye, Enqi
name: Xing, Yingchun
name: Zhang, Chunguang
name: Zhao, Yahui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Triplophysa
Triplophysa bashanensis

description: Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang, 2009 (Fig. 59)
Paratypes. 179814-179823 (SIZ 6-X-13 -SIZ-X-22), Jialingjiang River basin: Bashuihe River of upper Tongjiang River, Loufang Village, Dahe Town, Xixiang County, Shannai Province, P. R. China, Oct., 2006.
description: Published as part of Ye, Enqi, Xing, Yingchun, Zhang, Chunguang & Zhao, Yahui, 2015, Catalogue of the type specimens in the fish collection of the National Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, pp. 10-113 in Zootaxa 3962 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3962.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233837
Development and characterization of high-efficiency cell-adapted live attenuated vaccine candidate against African swine fever
Creators: name: Kim, Min Ho
name: Subasinghe, Ashan
name: Kim, Yongkwan
name: Kwon, Hyeok-Il
name: Cho, Yehjin
name: Chathuranga, Kiramage
name: Cha, Ji-Won
name: Moon, Ji-Yoon
name: Hong, Ji-Hyeon
name: Kim, Jin
name: Lee, Seung-Chul
name: Dodantenna, Niranjan
name: Gamage, Nuwan
name: Chathuranga, W. A. Gayan
name: Kim, Yeonji
name: Yoon, In-Joong
name: Lee, Joo Young
name: Mo, In Pil
name: Jheong, Weonhwa
name: Yoo, Sung-Sik
name: Lee, Jong-Soo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: African swine fever (ASF), a contagious and lethal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs and wild boars, poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. Although experimental vaccine candidates derived from naturally attenuated, genetically engineered, or cell culture-adapted ASF virus have been tested, no commercial vaccine is accepted globally. We developed a safe and effective cell-adapted live attenuated vaccine candidate (ASFV-MEC-01) by serial passage of a field isolate in CA-CAS-01-A cells. ASFV-MEC-01, isolated via repeated plaque purification using next-generation sequencing analysis, was obtained at passage 18 and showed significant attenuation in 4- and 6-week-old pigs. ASFV-MEC-01 conferred 100% protection against challenge with lethal parental ASFV, which correlated with high ASFV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Additionally, ASFV-MEC-01 was not detected in blood until 28 days post-inoculation. Global transcriptome analysis showed that ASFV-MEC-01 lacking 12 genes triggered stronger innate antiviral responses than the parental virus, as exemplified by high levels of mRNA encoding interferon regulatory and inflammatory genes in PAM cells. Ectopic expression of most deleted genes increased replication of DNA viruses by suppressing production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among the genes deleted from ASFV-MEC-01, MGF100-1R interacted specifically with the scaffold dimerization domain of TBK1, thereby preventing TBK1 dimerization and impairing TBK1-mediated type I IFN and NF-κB signalling. These results suggest that attenuation of ASFV-MEC-01 may be mediated by induction of stronger type I IFN and NF-κB signalling within the host innate immune system. Thus, ASFV-MEC-01 could be a safe and effective live attenuated ASFV vaccine candidate with commercial potential.
Performance of gravel aggregates in superpave mixes with 100/95 angularity
Creators: name: Ericson, Christopher L.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: The current aggregate requirement for aggregate angularity that the NYSDOT requires for their Superpave Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is 100/98. With this requirement, many of the gravel quarries in New York State cannot meet that specification. As a result, quarries that are further away from the job site have to transport the aggregates which in turn increases the cost of construction. This paper investigates a multitude of test methods to determine whether the NYSDOT can further lower their Superpave aggregate angularity requirement. Also, this paper delves into "grade bumping".
Open access repositories in the cultural configuration of disciplines
Creators: name: Cana, Mentor
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: This qualitative study provides an understanding of the role of self-archived disciplinary open access repositories in the cultural configuration of scholarly disciplines. It examines the implications of the technological and organizational layers of access tools and open access repositories and researchers' lived experiences and perceptions layer on researchers' localized knowledge production context and the construction of disciplinary knowledge production contexts. The actor-network theory, which posits that technological and social actors reciprocally affect each other, is applied to compare and contrast the information practices of two groups of researchers:  the use of arXiv by astronomers, and the use of PhilSci by philosophers of science. Six astronomers and five philosophers of science were identified through purposeful selection. The interviews with the researchers were conducted over a period of five months, ranging in length between 40-75 minutes. Primary documentary evidence, describing open access repositories and access tools, is also used for the analysis. The findings show that the open access repositories, the access tools, and researchers' individual knowledge production contexts are co-constructed as researchers search, discover and access scholarly artifacts. Open access has impacted researchers' knowledge production by realigning the existing processes and by instigating the emergence of new actors and constructs. Four themes emerge as researchers articulate their perceptions about the value and the role of open access: impact on scholarly process, impact on scholarly output, integration with scholarly context, and democratization of the scholarly discourse. Congruent with the domain-analytic approach, two distinct socio-technological models emerge. Astronomers perceive arXiv as important and critical in their scholarly information practices, with a central role in their discipline. However, Philosophers of science perceive PhilSci as having a limited value in their scholarly information practices and rather minimal role in their discipline. The properties of disciplinary cultures, such as the mutual dependence between researchers and the task uncertainty in a specific discipline, are implicated in the appropriation of the open access repositories and access tools at individual and disciplinary level. The socio-technological co-constructionist approach emerges as a viable theoretical and methodological framework to explicate complex socio-technological contexts.
Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng 1981
Creators: name: Ye, Enqi
name: Xing, Yingchun
name: Zhang, Chunguang
name: Zhao, Yahui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Oreonectes
Oreonectes anophthalmus

description: Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng, 1981 (Fig. 55)
Holotype. 60294 (77001), Taiji Cave, Qifeng Mountain, Chengxiang Community, Wuming County, Guangxi Province, P. R. China, Nov., 1977.
Paratype. 60295 (77004), collected with holotype.
Figure 55. Type locality of Oreonectes anophthalmus.
description: Published as part of Ye, Enqi, Xing, Yingchun, Zhang, Chunguang & Zhao, Yahui, 2015, Catalogue of the type specimens in the fish collection of the National Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, pp. 10-113 in Zootaxa 3962 (1) on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3962.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233837
Modelling the spatial risk of malaria through probability distribution of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. and imported cases
Creators: name: Taheri, Shirin
name: González, Mikel Alexander
name: Ruiz-López, María José
name: Magallanes, Sergio
name: Delacour-Estrella, Sarah
name: Lucientes, Javier
name: Bueno-Marí, Rubén
name: la Puente, Josué Martínez-de
name: Bravo-Barriga, Daniel
name: Frontera, Eva
name: Polina, Alejandro
name: Martinez-Barciela, Yasmina
name: Pereira, José Manuel
name: Garrido, Josefina
name: Aranda, Carles
name: Marzal, Alfonso
name: Ruiz-Arrondo, Ignacio
name: Oteo, José Antonio
name: Ferraguti, Martina
name: Gutíerrez-López, Rafael
name: Estrada, Rosa
name: Miranda, Miguel Ángel
name: Barceló, Carlos
name: Morchón, Rodrigo
name: Montalvo, Tomas
name: Gangoso, Laura
name: Goiri, Fátima
name: García-Pérez, Ana L.
name: Ruiz, Santiago
name: Fernandez-Martinez, Beatriz
name: Gómez-Barroso, Diana
name: Figuerola, Jordi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases globally due to its high incidence and mortality rates. The influx of infected cases from endemic to non-endemic malaria regions like Europe has resulted in a public health concern over sporadic local outbreaks. This is facilitated by the continued presence of competent Anopheles vectors in non-endemic countries. We modelled the potential distribution of the main malaria vector across Spain using the ensemble of eight modelling techniques based on environmental parameters and the Anopheles maculipennis s.l. presence/absence data collected from 2000 to 2020. We then combined this map with the number of imported malaria cases in each municipality to detect the geographic hot spots with a higher risk of local malaria transmission. The malaria vector occurred preferentially in irrigated lands characterized by warm climate conditions and moderate annual precipitation. Some areas surrounding irrigated lands in northern Spain (e.g. Zaragoza, Logroño), mainland areas (e.g. Madrid, Toledo) and in the South (e.g. Huelva), presented a significant likelihood of A. maculipennis s.l. occurrence, with a large overlap with the presence of imported cases of malaria. While the risk of malaria re-emergence in Spain is low, it is not evenly distributed throughout the country. The four recorded local cases of mosquito-borne transmission occurred in areas with a high overlap of imported cases and mosquito presence. Integrating mosquito distribution with human incidence cases provides an effective tool for the quantification of large-scale geographic variation in transmission risk and pinpointing priority areas for targeted surveillance and prevention.
Apenesia formosa Vargas & Terayama 2002
Creators: name: Alencar, Isabel D. C. C.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Apenesia
Apenesia formosa

description: Apenesia formosa Vargas & Terayama, 2002
(Fig. 26C)
Apenesia formosa Vargas & Terayama 2002, 4: 29–30, Figs 9–12.
Diagnosis. Female. Length 2.7 mm. Color. Body castaneous. Mandible with three apical teeth, uppermost small. Clypeus with subtrapezoidal median lobe, median carina high and straight, angled just before apical margin. Eye dark, elliptical, with about six facets. Malar space shorter than eye length. Frons polished, punctures small and very sparse. Head with sides subparallel, vertex slightly convex, 1.3 × as long as wide. Dorsal pronotal area with sides parallel, posterior corner spotted. Maximum width of metapectal-propodeal complex 1.67 × its minimum width. Mesotibia strongly spinose. Metasoma about as long as head and mesosoma together, petiole long.
Material examined. Holotype ♀: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Mun [icipio de] Urrao, P [arque] N[acional] N[atural] Orquideas, Cabaña Venados, 920m, 5.IV.1996, E. Palacios, J.M. Vargas R. col., VJIC 0150 (IAVH-E 86695).
Distribution. Neotropical (Colombia).
description: Published as part of Alencar, Isabel D. C. C. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2020, Revision of the world Apenesia Westwood (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4724 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4724.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3612936
Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang 2009
Creators: name: Ye, Enqi
name: Xing, Yingchun
name: Zhang, Chunguang
name: Zhao, Yahui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Triplophysa
Triplophysa longipectoralis

description: Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009 (Fig. 60)
Paratype. 177636 (2001004577), Xunle Village, Huanjiang County, Hechi City, Guangxi Province, P. R. China, May, 2001.
description: Published as part of Ye, Enqi, Xing, Yingchun, Zhang, Chunguang & Zhao, Yahui, 2015, Catalogue of the type specimens in the fish collection of the National Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, pp. 10-113 in Zootaxa 3962 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3962.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233837
USE OF AI TOOLS IN LIBRARY OPERATION AND SERVICES
Creators: name: Dr. MOHAMMAD NASIR
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: AI Tools, AI in Library Operation, Principle of Librarianship, AI in Library Services.

description: Abstract

The ultimate goal of “Artificial Intelligence” in libraries is to create computer systems. That is capable of deduction, acting, and even outwitting human intelligence. This has significant consequences for the profession of librarianship. In recent years, library technology has seen an explosion in the use of artificial intelligence. Virtual Reality for immersive learning, book reading and shelf-reading machines, and expert systems for reference services are a few examples. While the integration of artificial intelligence may appear to estrange librarians from their users, it is more likely to enable libraries to accomplish more rather than supplant librarians. The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened up new opportunities for advancing research across all fields. The future looks bright because artificial intelligence technologies are present in every aspect of business. The usage of AI has greatly aided in the provision and utilization of library information resources as well as in achieving the aims and objectives of the library. AI has many uses in libraries, from book publishing to book distribution, therefore librarians must think creatively to remain relevant in their roles. Its use opened up a number of new options for the library, including the ability to link electronic and physical resources and to link tangible items and artifacts with video assistance. The article explored a number of artificial intelligence (AI) components, and the services that libraries can use it for their operational and services.
The failure of the balance of power
Creators: name: Streich, Philip A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Contrary to the predictions of balance of power theory that the balancing mechanism prevents the emergence of hegemonies in anarchic systems, and contrary to the absence of hegemony in the European system for the last five centuries, hegemonies have sometimes been established in non-Western historical systems. According to balance of power theory, when one state begins to seek domination, other states balance against the domination seeker to preserve their autonomy. However, scholars have noted how balance of power theory has rarely been tested outside of the European and modern international contexts.   English School scholars who have traced the development of the balance of power concept from its origins in Renaissance Italy to the 19th century Concert of Europe have found little evidence that the balance of power concept was known or understood outside of Europe. While the balance of power was well-known by Europeans and widely applied to the practice of European diplomacy, it was virtually unknown outside of Europe. In the absence of knowledge of the balance of power concept, can states prevent the creation of hegemonies through balancing? This project finds that while actors naturally try to balance domination seekers individually, they will find it difficult to form effective, collective balancing coalitions without knowledge of the balance of power concept.  The project's argument is qualitatively tested with the Warring States Japan, 1467 to 1590. Warring States Japan is well suited as a case to test international relations theory. During this period, Japan was an anarchic system of independent, feudal domains ruled over by warlords who ruled them like miniature states. Japan was isolated from the rest of the world during this period so there was no external pressure on the warlords' decision making. For approximately 100 years after 1467, the system experienced a balance of power, as no warlord rose to create a hegemonic order. Then, from 1568 to 1590, Japan was unified by two warlords, Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. This project studies the nature of the balance that existed before unification and the balancing efforts of the warlords in reaction to the unification process.
Total synthesis of 7-Epi-FR 66979 and 7-Epi-FR 900482
Creators: name: Pan, Weidong
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: The completion of the total synthesis of 7-Epi-FR 66979 and 7-Epi-FR 900482 is presented in this thesis. The natural product FR 66979 and FR 900482 were isolated by the Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Corporation from Streptomyces sandaensis. They are antibiotics with potent antitumor activity.  The first stage of the total synthesis is to make indole ester. For the preparation of the precursor of the indole ester, the commercial available starting material 3-hydroxymethylphenol was converted to benzyl aldehyde by using the reagents paraformaldehyde and lewis catalyst SnCl4 after the selective protection of hydroxymethyl group. After the phenol had been protected, this benzyl aldehyde precursor was transformed to indole ester by the Hemetsberger-Knittel reaction in 61% yield. The second stage of the total synthesis is to make fully functionalized pyrroloindole. The indole ester was reduced by DIBAL and then was oxidized to indole aldehyde. The vinylsulfonium salt reacted with this indole aldehyde to form the tetracyclic oxirane, then subsequently treated by sodium azide in acetone-water to afford pyrroloindole in 74% yield. The third stage of the total synthesis is to synthesize the core ring system. The fully functionalized pyrroloindole was successfully oxidized by two equivalents of dimethydioxirane (DMDO) in acetone/water to give ring expanded hydroxylamine hemiketal ring system in 57% yield. The final stage of the total synthesis is to complete the total synthesis. One of the challenging steps is to prepare the hydroxylmethyl group on this core structure. With many studies, the hydrosilylation-oxidation was found to be a good method to make the hydroxymethyl group on this complex molecule. After converting the hydroxymethyl group to urethane and deprotection, 7-Epi-FR 66979 was successfully obtained. With a one step oxidation of 7-Epi-FR 66979, 7-Epi-FR 900482 was prepared.  This total synthesis is the shortest and most efficient so far.  Epi-FR 66979 is synthesized in 20 steps while epi-FR 900482 required 21 steps. The attempt of making the beta configuration of the hydroxymethyl group on the 7-position for FR 66979 and FR 900482 is also described in this thesis. The efforts included intramolecular hydrosilylation-oxidation, less hindered intermolecular hydrosilylation-oxidation, catalytic hydroboration-oxidation and Danishefsky's methods of the epoxidation and opening.  Both less hindered intermolecular hydrosilylation-oxidation and Danishefsky's methods provided intermediate with beta configuration of hydroxymethyl, but the final product was not obtained.  A less hindered intermolecular hydrosilylation-oxidation method will provide the best chance to get the natural product when additional more intermediates are prepared in the future.
R229I substitution from oseltamivir induction in HA1 region significantly increased the fitness of a H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K
Creators: name: Tang, Jing
name: Zou, Shu-Mei
name: Zhou, Jian-Fang
name: Gao, Rong-Bao
name: Xin, Li
name: Zeng, Xiao-Xu
name: Huang, Wei-Juan
name: Li, Xi-Yan
name: Cheng, Yan-Hui
name: Liu, Li-Qi
name: Xiao, Ning
name: Wang, Da-Yan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: The proportion of human isolates with reduced neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) susceptibility in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus was high. These drug-resistant strains showed good replication capacity without serious loss of fitness. In the presence of oseltamivir, R229I substitution were found in HA1 region of the HPAI H7N9 virus before NA R292K appeared. HPAI H7N9 or H7N9/PR8 recombinant viruses were developed to study whether HA R229I could increase the fitness of the H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K. Replication efficiency was assessed in MDCK or A549 cells. Neuraminidase enzyme activity and receptor-binding ability were analyzed. Pathogenicity in C57 mice was evaluated. Antigenicity analysis was conducted through a two-way HI test, in which the antiserum was obtained from immunized ferrets. Transcriptomic analysis of MDCK infected with HPAI H7N9 24hpi was done. It turned out that HA R229I substitution from oseltamivir induction in HA1 region increased (1) replication ability in MDCK(P < 0.05) and A549(P < 0.05), (2) neuraminidase enzyme activity, (3) binding ability to both α2,3 and α2,6 receptor, (4) pathogenicity to mice(more weight loss; shorter mean survival day; viral titer in respiratory tract, P < 0.05; Pathological changes in pneumonia), (5) transcriptome response of MDCK, of the H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K. Besides, HA R229I substitution changed the antigenicity of H7N9/PR8 virus (>4-fold difference of HI titre). It indicated that through the fine-tuning of HA-NA balance, R229I increased the fitness and changed the antigenicity of H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K. Public health attention to this mechanism needs to be drawn.
Friction in computer-mediated communication
Creators: name: DeAngelis, Jocelyn Aline
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation studies computer-mediated communication (CMC), in which interpersonal communication content between library users and reference librarians who engaged in service encounters is evaluated. The computer-mediated form of reference services, called virtual reference (VR), was the context for this research. In the CMC research, the analysis of naturally occurring interactions, analysis of face-work, face threat and friction, and impacts of identity on and in face threatening situations are not well represented. This study applied face-work (Goffman, 1967), Politeness Theory (Brown & Levinson, 1978; 1987) and social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) (Lea & Spears, 1992) to virtual interactions to analyze transcripts that contained friction. The term friction was used to frame interactions that contain real or inferred elements of discord, incivility, impoliteness, or other factors that may detract from a positive working relationship between VR users and VR librarians.   Findings indicate that in transcripts that contained friction, users and librarians did not exhibit concern for either party's negative or positive face wants. Friction between participants included reprimands, abrupt endings without closing rituals by librarians and users, as well as refusals to attend to face threats issued. When librarians issued refusals to users' initial requests, the frequency of users enacting a second face threat dropped dramatically. Findings also indicate that librarians were more likely to instigate friction in the service encounters than users. Moreover, when instances of friction were present, one instance of friction was likely to spark additional instances of friction.   CMC service encounters, such as VR, in the public and private sectors are proliferating. At one point in time, customer service interactions were a face-to-face modality, then they moved to telephone interactions, but increasingly organizations are providing customer service via CMC, such as online banking and shopping. This dissertation research is significant to any organizations or individuals that utilize CMC as a means of customer interface, such as VR, or any other mediated transaction that bridges communication between organizations and the individuals that are served.
Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu, Zhang & Cai 1995
Creators: name: Ye, Enqi
name: Xing, Yingchun
name: Zhang, Chunguang
name: Zhao, Yahui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Triplophysa
Triplophysa yaopeizhii

description: Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu, Zhang & Cai, 1995 (Fig. 61)
Holotype. 64753 ♀ (92801262), Jinshajiang River basin: Juegong County, Gongjue County, Xizang Province, P. R. China, Aug., 1992.
Paratypes. 64754-64756 (9280696, 9280778, 9280877), Jinshajiang River basin: Jiangda County, Xizang Province, P. R. China, Aug., 1992; 64757-64759 (9281258, 9281316, 9280920), collected with holotype.
description: Published as part of Ye, Enqi, Xing, Yingchun, Zhang, Chunguang & Zhao, Yahui, 2015, Catalogue of the type specimens in the fish collection of the National Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, pp. 10-113 in Zootaxa 3962 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3962.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/233837
Inferring the evolutionary model of community-structuring traits with convolutional kitchen sinks: Code and data
Creators: name: Kruger, Avery
name: Shankar, Vaishaal
name: Davies, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: angiosperm evolution
Freeze tolerance
Machine-learning
convolutional neural networks

description: When communities are assembled through processes such as filtering or limiting similarity acting on phylogenetically conserved traits, the evolutionary signature of those traits may be reflected in patterns of community membership. We show how the model of trait evolution underlying community-structuring traits can be inferred from community membership data using both a variation of a traditional eco-phylogenetic metric--the mean pairwise distance (MPD) between taxa--and a recent machine learning tool, Convolutional Kitchen Sinks (CKS). Both methods perform well across a range of phylogenetically informative evolutionary models, but CKS outperforms MPD as tree size increases. We demonstrate CKS by inferring the evolutionary history of freeze tolerance in angiosperms. Our analysis is consistent with a late burst model of freeze tolerance, suggesting it evolved recently. We suggest that data ordered on phylogenies such as trait values, species interactions, or community presence/absence are good candidates for CKS modeling because the generative models produce structured differences between neighboring points that CKS is well-suited for. We introduce the R package kitchen to perform CKS for generic application of the technique.
description: Data were simulated, processed, and analyzed in R. These analyses were performed to investigate the ability of two methods, a machine learning technique termed Convolutional Kitchen Sinks (CKS) and models trained on series of Mean Pairwise Distance (MPD) metrics, also termed MPD curve, to recover the evolutionary model of traits that communities are assembled on. Communities were simulated on both simulated and empirical phylogenies by evolving traits on the phylogenies according to an Early Burst transformation governed by a normally distributed evolutionary parameter. Data were separated into training and test data. The evolutionary parameters used in simulation were then modeled as a function of the observed simulated communities in the training data, using both the CKS method and MPD method. The models were then tested by examining the relationship between the predicted and known parameters of the test data. Finally, predictions using trained models were made on the known community of freeze-tolerant dicots.
Essays on exchange rate, monetary and fiscal policies in dollarized economies
Creators: name: Palacios-Salguero, Luis
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: My dissertation has four chapters. I use dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models to study the welfare implications of exchange rate, monetary, and fiscal policies in de facto dollarized economies.  Dollarization is a common phenomenon in emerging economies. In many of them economic agents hold liabilities in foreign currency while most income is earned in domestic currency. Thus, a sudden depreciation of the domestic currency may cause significant adverse effects on domestic agents' wealth and welfare. That is why governments try to design and implement macroeconomic policies that help reduce these adverse effects. My work aims at contributing to the design and implementation of these policies.  In the first chapter, I study alternative exchange rate regimes in a dollarized economy. I develop a DSGE model and pursue Bayesian estimation using data from Singapore. The main conclusion is that the flexible exchange rate regime is better than the fixed exchange rate.  In the second chapter, I work on an extension of my first chapter by introducing nontradable goods, which allows me to study a broader set of exchange rate regimes in a dollarized economy. I develop a DSGE model and pursue Bayesian estimation using data from Peru. The main conclusion is that a policy that pegs the domestic currency price of exports is better than a flexible exchange rate regime that targets the consumer price index, which in turn is better than the fixed exchange rate.  The third chapter studies the optimal fiscal rule for a dollarized economy. Using a DSGE model with endogenous dollarization, I obtain that an optimal fiscal rule should take into account deviations (from their steady state values) of the level of government debt, government spending, and inflation.  The fourth chapter characterizes the optimal exchange rate policy in a dollarized economy using a method developed by Devereux and Sutherland (2007, 2008). The method allows me to use a DSGE model in order to compute the optimal currency composition of the portfolio of (foreign) liabilities in the long-run equilibrium and its dynamics. The main finding is that the flexible exchange rate is better than the fixed rate.
Introduction of dengue virus serotype 3 in the Afar Region, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Feleke
name: Khan, Bilal A.
name: Nibret, Endalkachew
name: Munshea, Abaineh
name: Tsega, Daniel
name: Endalamaw, Demeke
name: Tadesse, Senait
name: Yismaw, Gizachew
name: Lankir, Damtie
name: Ali, Jemal
name: Ulinici, Mariana
name: Orsini, Emanuele
name: Šušnjar, Urša
name: Carletti, Tea
name: Licastro, Danilo
name: Bitew, Molalegne
name: Giovanetti, Marta
name: Marcello, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: The genetic analysis of the Dengue virus circulating in Ethiopia’s Afar region, in 2023, identified three distinct introductions with spatiotemporal clustering linked to genomes from Asia and Italy. These findings are crucial for enhancing prevention and control strategies, reinforcing the necessity to provide sustainable tools for genomic epidemiology in Africa.