cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pre-merger localization of eccentric compact binary coalescences with second-generation gravitational-wave detector networks
Creators: name: Kyutoku, Koutarou
name: Seto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of pre-merger localization of eccentric compact binary coalescences by second-generation gravitational-wave detector networks. Gravitational waves from eccentric binaries can be regarded as a sequence of pulses, which are composed of various higher harmonic modes than ones with twice the orbital frequency. The higher harmonic modes from a very early inspiral phase will not only contribute to the signal-to-noise ratio, but also allow us to localize the gravitational-wave source before the merger sets in. This is due to the fact that high-frequency gravitational waves are essential for the source localization via triangulation by ground-based detector networks. We found that the single-detector signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 5 at 10 min before the merger for a 1.4--1.4 $M_\odot$ eccentric binary neutron stars at 100 Mpc in optimal cases, and it can be localized up to 10 deg$^2$ at half a minute before the merger by a four-detector network. We will even be able to achieve $\sim$ 10 deg$^2$ at 10 min before the merger for a face-on eccentric compact binary by a five-detector network.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, matched to the published version with additional references
Endothelium derived relaxing factor is involved in the pressure control of renin gene expression in the kidney
Creators: name: Schricker, Karin
name: Della Bruna, R.
name: Hamann, Marlies
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
subject: Angiotensin I/blood
subject: Animals
subject: Arginine/pharmacology
subject: Gene Expression Regulation
subject: Kidney/physiology
subject: Male
subject: NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
subject: Nitric Oxide/physiology
subject: Nitric Oxide Synthase
subject: Pressure
subject: RNA, Messenger/metabolism
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
subject: Renal Circulation
subject: Renin/genetics

description: To study the influence of endothelium derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide (EDNO) on renin gene expression, the effects of a 2-day treatment with the NO-synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME, 40 mg/kg twice a day) on plasma renin activity (PRA) and renal and adrenal renin m-RNA levels were examined in conscious rats with and without unilateral renal clips (0.2 mm). In sham-clipped animals L-NAME led to a decrease of PRA from 7.5 to 2.5 ng angiotensin (ANGI).h-1.ml-1 and to a 35% decrease of renal renin m-RNA levels. Unilateral renal artery clipping increased PRA to 35 and to 13 ng ANGI.h-1.ml-1 in vehicle and in L-NAME-treated rats, respectively. In the clipped kidneys renin m-RNA levels increased to 450% of control values in vehicle-treated animals and to 220% of control values in L-NAME-treated animals. In the contralaterals as opposed to clipped kidneys, renin m-RNA levels decreased to 16% and 50% of the control values in vehicle- and in L-NAME-treated animals, respectively. In the adrenal glands renin m-RNA levels were not significantly changed either by clipping of one renal artery or by treatment of animals with L-NAME. The NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (100 microM) was found to increase renin secretion and renin m-RNA levels in primary cultures of renal juxtaglomerular cells. These findings suggest that EDNO is involved in the control of the renin gene by the renal perfusion pressure.
title: easyCar (B): The Profile of a Strategic Innovator in 2000
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
name: Courty, Pascal
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In 1999, Stelios Haji-Ioannou and the easyGroup management team considered whether European car rental was a business worth entering. They had an enviable track record when it came to picking market opportunities. Could this be their next success? The case describes easyCar's entry into the European car rental market and subsequent development. It is a versatile set of cases, which can be used individually, as pairs, or as a sequence of cases starting, showing the evolution of a venture from its conception to its troubles and reincarnation. It can also be taught by focusing on one or more episodes which illustrate particular aspects the instructor is interested in.This case can be used either to introduce or recap the core elements of strategy, such as market definition, industry analysis, creating new market spaces, new business model analysis, resources and capabilities. It can also help elucidate more advanced topics; i.e., show where the value lies in the value chain and how a firm should decide its positioning and link with other firms in the ecosystem; identify the challenges with planning for growth and how that links with financial strategy; and raise the upsides and downsides of s'˜Peer-to-Peers's (P2P) models, contrasted with more traditional Business-to-Consumer (B2C) models. More importantly, easyCar can be used to help students evaluate a new business model ex ante, including the role of analogies and the promises and risks of extending a firm's capabilities, and considering adaptation when things turn out worse than expected. The case offers an applied perspective on the use of analogies in strategy formation. It highlights the role of indicators of what is or isn't working in the venture, analogical reasoning and extrapolation notwithstanding.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-03-025
Untersuchungen zur Bioverfügbarkeit von Heptaminol bei Probanden [Bioavailability of heptaminol in healthy subjects]
Creators: name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Dominiak, P.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Administration, Oral
subject: Adult
subject: Amino Alcohols/pharmacokinetics
subject: Biological Availability
subject: Chromatography, Thin Layer
subject: Female
subject: Half-Life
subject: Heptaminol/urine
subject: Humans
subject: Male

description: In ten healthy volunteers the plasma and urine concentrations of heptaminol (Heptylon) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intravenous administration of 250 mg heptaminol and oral intake of 2 x 150 mg heptaminol in tablet form, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Heptaminol was rapidly and entirely absorbed following oral administration of heptaminol. Mean plasma peak concentrations of 1.6 mg/l were reached after 1.8 h, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve was equal to that after intravenous administration. The dominant terminal plasma half-life was 2.5-2.7 h. The total clearance amounted to 700 ml/min, and nearly all the dose given was recovered unchanged in urine within 24 h, indicating renal elimination by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion without metabolization.
title: CI&T Building an Entrepreneurial Management Model
Creators: name: Birkinshaw, Julian
name: Rossi Wosiack, Carolina
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: The case study describes the growth of CI&T, from a start-up in Brazil to a 3,000+ person consulting firm with global reach in 2019. The case describes the stages of growth the company has been through over 25 years, focusing on both the market offering and the internal organisation structure/culture.  The case ends in 2019 with the founders facing decisions about their organisational structure, and specifically whether they need to 'pull back' to some degree from the entrepreneurial management model they have created.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-20-009
Accelerating SNN Training with Stochastic Parallelizable Spiking Neurons
Creators: name: Yarga, Sidi Yaya Arnaud
name: Wood, Sean U. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spiking neural networks (SNN) are able to learn spatiotemporal features while using less energy, especially on neuromorphic hardware. The most widely used spiking neuron in deep learning is the Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron. LIF neurons operate sequentially, however, since the computation of state at time t relies on the state at time t-1 being computed. This limitation is shared with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and results in slow training on Graphics Processing Units (GPU). In this paper, we propose the Stochastic Parallelizable Spiking Neuron (SPSN) to overcome the sequential training limitation of LIF neurons. By separating the linear integration component from the non-linear spiking function, SPSN can be run in parallel over time. The proposed approach results in performance comparable with the state-of-the-art for feedforward neural networks on the Spiking Heidelberg Digits (SHD) dataset, outperforming LIF networks while training 10 times faster and outperforming non-spiking networks with the same network architecture. For longer input sequences of 10000 time-steps, we show that the proposed approach results in 4000 times faster training, thus demonstrating the potential of the proposed approach to accelerate SNN training for very large datasets.
Role of renal nerves for the expression of renin in adult rat kidney
Creators: name: Holmer, S.
name: Rinne, B.
name: Eckardt, K. U.
name: Le Hir, M.
name: Schricker, K.
name: Kaissling, B.
name: Riegger, G.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Analysis of Variance
subject: Animals
subject: Denervation
subject: Enzyme Precursors/biosynthesis
subject: Fluorescent Antibody Technique
subject: Gene Expression/drug effects
subject: Hypotension/enzymology
subject: Kidney/innervation
subject: Male
subject: Metoprolol/pharmacology
subject: Nerve Fibers/ultrastructure
subject: RNA, Messenger/metabolism
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Wistar
subject: Reference Values
subject: Renin/biosynthesis

description: Utilizing a combination of mechanical and chemical unilateral denervation, we have examined the relevance of renal innervation for the expression of renin in kidneys of adult rats. Renal denervation led to a reduction by 57 +/- 4% of renin-containing areas in denervated kidneys as quantitated by morphometry of kidney sections immunoreactive against a polyclonal antirenin antibody. Preprorenin mRNA content in the denervated kidneys fell to 46 +/- 7% of the contralateral innervated kidneys. Treatment of rats with the beta 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist metoprolol (100 mg.kg-1.day-1) for 2 days decreased renal renin mRNA levels to 71% of control levels. Unilateral renal denervation led to a further decrease of renin mRNA levels also in metoprolol-treated animals to 60% of the values found in the contralateral kidneys. Hypotensive hemorrhage led to a 1.4-fold increase of renin mRNA in the kidneys of sham-treated animals. In unilaterally denervated rats renin mRNA increased to levels similar to those in sham-operated animals in both denervated and in contralateral innervated kidneys in response to bleeding. As a consequence, the ratio of abundance of renin mRNA in the denervated to the innervated kidneys rose to 86 +/- 7%. Pretreatment of the animals with metoprolol, on the other hand, prevented the rise of renin mRNA in response to hypotensive hemorrhage. Our findings suggest that in the adult organism renal neural input significantly contributes to the expression of renin under basal conditions, while it appears to be of less importance for stimulation of renin gene expression by severe blood loss.
title: Rahmenkonzept für die Weiterbildung "Zukunftsfähige Lehre für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung"
Creators: name: Krah, Jennifer
name: Molitor, Heike
name: Reimann, Julian
name: Bellina, Leonie
name: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Nachhaltigkeit An Brandenburger Hochschulen
Publisher: name: Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 378 Hochschulbildung

description: Wir erleben mit der Klimakrise und dem Verlust biologischer Vielfalt multiple Krisen, die unsere Lebensgrundlage bedrohen, unser soziales Zusammenleben und unsere Demokratien auf die Probe stellen. Zivilgesellschaft, Politik, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft sind in dieser Situation gefragt, Anpassungs- und Lösungsstrategien zu entwerfen. Hochschulen nehmen mit ihren Ressourcen in Forschung, Lehre und Transfer eine zentrale Rolle bei dem Umgang und der Bewältigung der immensen Herausforderungen ein. Mit der Weiterbildung „Zukunftsfähige Lehre für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung“ haben Lehrende und Multiplikator*innen die Möglichkeit, Vermittlungs- und Lehr-Kompetenzen für eine Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) an ihren Hochschulen aufzubauen. Durch das Capacity Building an den Brandenburger Hochschulen können Studierenden dazu befähigt werden, zu einer sozialeren und ökologisch gerechteren Welt beizutragen.
title: Bayer's Innovation Agenda: Igniting Innovation in a 100,000-person company
Creators: name: Birkinshaw, Julian
name: De Diego, Enrique
name: Lessl, Monica
name: Trill, Henning
name: Hitzbleck, Julia
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: The case describes how Bayer, one of the oldest and largest life-science companies in the world, recognised that innovation driven solely by the traditional R&D process that characterised the sector would not be sufficient to remain competitive, given the major changes underway in pharma and crop science and the broader trends in digital disruption.This recognition came from the very top, CEO Marijn Dekkers, who took the decision in 2015 to instigate a major corporate restructuring: Bayer would focus on its core life-science businesses (pharmaceuticals, consumer health and crop science) and spin off its material science business as a completely separate company. Beginning in 2016 under Board member Kemal Malik, Bayer began to put an innovation strategy in place that deliberately sought a systemic approach, meaning company-wide, to make innovation the responsibility of all Bayer employees. The question then arose how to put this vision into effect. How could Bayer promote greater innovation throughout the company, given that it had more than 100,000 employees spread over 75 countries? What actual initiatives could be undertaken to make innovation more effective and impactful? The case details how Monika Lessl, who reported directly to Malik, put in place a cross-divisional and cross-functional team to identify the most important areas to tackle and how, by 2018, the innovation programme she oversaw had 'real momentum', with more than 1,000 people having some sort of formal role in support of innovation, more than 5,000 involved in innovation training, and more than 35,000 connected through the company's  innovation portal.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-18-23
Role of the macula densa in the control of renal renin gene expression in two-kidney/one-clip rats
Creators: name: Schricker, Karin
name: Hamann, Marlies
name: Kaissling, B.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Actins/genetics
subject: Animals
subject: Furosemide/pharmacology
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Ischemia/genetics
subject: Kidney/physiopathology
subject: Male
subject: RNA, Messenger/metabolism
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Wistar
subject: Renal Circulation
subject: Renin/genetics

description: This study was designed to examine whether macula densa function is involved in the changes of renal renin gene expression upon acute hypoperfusion of one kidney. To block macula densa function, rats with free access to salt and water were subcutaneously infused with furosemide (12 mg/day) for 6 days. Then, 4 days after the start of the infusion, the left renal arteries were clipped with 0.2-mm silver clips and renin mRNA levels in ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys, as well as plasma renin activities (PRA), were determined 48 h after clipping. In non-clipped animals furosemide increased PRA from 10 to 47 ng angiotensin I.h-1.ml-1 and raised renin mRNA levels in both kidneys 2.5-fold. In vehicle-infused animals, clipping of the left renal artery increased PRA to 37 ng angiotensin I.h-1.ml-1 and led to a 5-fold rise of renin mRNA levels in the ipsilateral kidneys and to a suppression to 20% of the control values in the contralateral kidneys. PRA values in clipped and furosemide-infused animals were 45 ng angiotensin I.h-1.ml-1. In these animals renin mRNA levels increased in the ipsilateral kidneys to similar absolute values as in vehicle-infused rats, whilst contralateral renin mRNA levels fell to about 25% of the respective controls. These findings indicate that the stimulations of renin gene expression by inhibition of macula densa salt transport and by renal artery clipping are not additive, suggesting that the macula densa mechanism may participate in the stimulation of renin gene expression upon hypoperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
title: Terry Rhodes (B)
Creators: name: Mullins, John
name: Hughes, Jeremy
name: Putimahtama, Tiffany
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This is part of a case series. 'Everyone says entrepreneurship is about risk-taking. But it's not: it's about minimising risks and taking careful risks.' Terry Rhodes' own words resonated with him as he reflected on the most critical decision of his career at Celtel International. Since its inception in March 1998, Celtel, a wireless service provider, set out to change the way business was done in Africa and to prove the transformative effects business could have on the continent and its people. Rhodes, Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer of Celtel, had successfully mitigated the risks and overcome the challenges that deterred other businesses from investing in and contributing to the region. 'We were lucky that our business - mobile telecommunications - was seen as raising money in the West to bring to Africa and build infrastructure,' he explained. As Celtel expanded and moved into more and more markets across Sub-Saharan Africa, its corporate values were continually tested. Up until now, Rhodes had managed to avert corrupt situations using simple but creative tactics. However, the market entry into Guinea in late 1999 had posed a different story. Despite his multiple efforts, negotiations with the Guinean government were now at a standstill and it had become clear to Rhodes that the government expected substantial bribery payments for the deal to move forward. It was now late September 2001 and to add to the dire situation, Celtel's CFO had informed him that losing the Guinea deal might lead the company towards bankruptcy. Rhodes now sat outside the door of the boardroom, waiting to be called in and present his recommendation to the Board concerning the Guinea deal. As he reflected on his available options, Rhodes knew he would have to defend his decision to the Board and would need their full support.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-08-015-01
Production of erythropoietin by liver cells in vivo and in vitro
Creators: name: Eckardt, Kai-Uwe
name: Pugh, C. W.
name: Meier, M.
name: Tan, C. C.
name: Ratcliffe, P. J.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Aging/metabolism
subject: Animals
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Erythropoietin/biosynthesis
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Humans
subject: Kinetics
subject: Liver/metabolism
subject: RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis

description: Several lines of evidence indicate that the liver is the predominant production site for EPO during the early stages of development. Moreover, in adults, it may contribute significantly to EPO production in some species. Independent of age hepatocytes are the major cellular sites of EPO gene expression in the liver, but quantitatively less significant expression also occurs in at least one additional type of nonparenchymal cell. Although some indirect evidence suggests that these nonparenchymal cells producing EPO may be Kupffer cells, their identity remains to be clarified. Regarding the mechanisms of the adaptation of hepatic EPO production to changes in oxygen availability in the organism, experiments with isolated perfused livers, mixed liver cell cultures, hepatoma cells, and, more recently, isolated hepatocytes have provided evidence that inherent cellular oxygen-sensing mechanisms exist and that external factors are not essential. The use of hepatoma cells has allowed investigation of these cellular mechanisms of oxygen-dependent gene control, and further studies in nontransformed hepatocytes may complement these studies.
description: discussion of the paper: page 61-63
The dynamics and star-forming potential of the massive Galactic centre cloud G0.253+0.016
Creators: name: Johnston, K. G.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Linz, H.
name: Schmiedeke, A.
name: Ragan, S. E.
name: Henning, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The massive infrared dark cloud G0.253+0.016 projected 45pc from the Galactic centre contains ~10^5Msun of dense gas whilst being mostly devoid of observed star-formation tracers. To scrutinise the physical properties, dynamics and structure of this cloud with reference to its star-forming potential, we have carried out a concerted SMA and IRAM 30m study of this cloud in dust continuum, CO isotopologues, shock tracing molecules, as well as H$_2$CO to trace the gas temperature. We detect and characterise the dust cores within G0.253+0.016 at ~1.3 mm and find that the kinetic temperature of the gas is >320K on size-scales of ~0.15 pc. Analysis of the position-velocity diagrams of our observed lines show broad linewidths and strong shock emission in the south of the cloud, indicating that G0.253+0.016 is colliding with another cloud at v(LSR)~70 km/s. We confirm via an analysis of the observed dynamics in the CMZ that it is an elongated structure, orientated with Sgr B2 closer to the Sun than Sgr A*, however our results suggest that the actual geometry may be more complex than an elliptical ring. We find that the column density PDF of G0.253+0.016 is log-normal with no discernible power-law tail, consistent with little star formation, and that its width can be explained in the framework of theory predicting the density structure of clouds created by supersonic, magnetised turbulence. We also present the delta-variance spectrum of this region, and show it is consistent with that expected for clouds with no star formation. Using G0.253+0.016 as a test-bed of the conditions required for star formation in a different physical environment to that of nearby clouds, we also conclude that there is not one column density threshold for star formation, but instead this value is dependant on the local physical conditions. [Abbrv.]
description: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 19 pages, 18 figures
Role of calcium ions in the pressure control of renin secretion from the kidneys
Creators: name: Scholz, Holger
name: Hamann, Marlies
name: Götz, Karl-Heinz
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Angiotensin II/pharmacology
subject: Animals
subject: Blood Pressure
subject: Calcium/physiology
subject: Juxtaglomerular Apparatus/metabolism
subject: Kidney/secretion
subject: Male
subject: Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
subject: Nitroprusside/pharmacology
subject: Perfusion
subject: Pressoreceptors/physiology
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
subject: Renal Artery/physiology
subject: Renin/secretion
subject: Vasoconstriction/drug effects

description: In this study we examined the role of calcium ions in the control of renin release by the renal artery pressure. For this purpose renin secretion rates (RSR) were measured in isolated rat kidneys perfused at pressures of 140, 100, 80 and 40 mmHg (19, 13, 11, 5 kPa) with media containing either 1.5 mmol/l ("normal") or zero calcium concentrations (calcium-free perfusate with 0.5 mmol/l EGTA). At normal calcium the RSR was inversely related to the renal artery pressure, whereas calcium withdrawal resulted in an almost linear and proportional relationship between RSR and perfusion pressure. As a consequence, RSR at 140 mm Hg (19 kPa) with a calcium-free medium was similar to renin release at 40 mm Hg (5 kPa) with normal calcium. The nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (1 mumol/l) stimulated RSR in a pressure-dependent fashion at a calcium concentration of 1.5 mmol/l. With a calcium-free perfusate, sodium nitroprusside did not restore the inverse pressure dependence of RSR seen with normal calcium but almost doubled the RSR across the whole pressure range. Whilst RSR was significantly reduced by angiotensin II (1 nmol/l) in the range between 40 mmHg and 140 mmHg (5-19 kPa) with normal calcium, withdrawal of extracellular calcium ions practically abolished the inhibitory action of angiotensin II. Since angiotensin II attenuated RSR especially at low renal perfusion pressure, our results indicate that renin release in this pressure range is still inhibitable by calcium mobilization in renal juxtaglomerular cells. Thus, the enhancement of renin secretion at lower pressures cannot be explained by a decreased sensitivity of renin release towards calcium ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modeling of a Liquid Leaf Target TNSA Experiment using Particle-In-Cell Simulations and Deep Learning
Creators: name: Schmitz, Benedikt
name: Kreuter, Daniel
name: Boine-Frankenheim, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Liquid leaf targets show promise as high repetition rate targets for laser-based ion acceleration using the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism and are currently under development. In this work, we discuss the effects of different ion species and investigate how they can be leveraged for use as a possible laser-driven neutron source. To aid in this research, we develop a surrogate model for liquid leaf target laser-ion acceleration experiments, based on artificial neural networks. The model is trained using data from Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations. The fast inference speed of our deep learning model allows us to optimize experimental parameters for maximum ion energy and laser-energy conversion efficiency. An analysis of parameter influence on our model output, using Sobol and PAWN indices, provides deeper insights into the laser-plasma system.
Interrelation between renin mRNA levels, renin secretion, and blood pressure in two-kidney, one clip rats
Creators: name: Schricker, Karin
name: Holmer, S.
name: Hamann, Marlies
name: Riegger, G.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Angiotensin II/physiology
subject: Animals
subject: Blood Pressure/drug effects
subject: Hypertension, Renovascular/physiopathology
subject: Male
subject: RNA, Messenger/analysis
subject: Ramipril/pharmacology
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
subject: Renin/secretion

description: To examine the interrelation between renin mRNA levels, renin secretion, and blood pressure in rats, we clipped the left renal arteries of rats and measured renin mRNA levels in both kidneys, plasma renin activity, and blood pressure. One and 2 days after clipping, renin mRNA levels increased 3-fold and 4.3-fold in the stenosed kidney and were suppressed to 52% and 26% of controls in the intact kidneys; plasma renin activity increased from 8 to 16.5 and to 30.5 ng angiotensin I.h-1.mL-1 and systolic blood pressure rose from 114 to 123 and to 137 mm Hg. We found a strong correlation (P < .001) between plasma renin activity and renin mRNA levels in the clipped kidneys. We also found significant correlations (P < .05) between mRNA levels in the clipped and intact kidneys and between plasma renin activity and blood pressure for the individual animals. Treatment of normal rats with the converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril (5 mg/kg twice a day) for 2 days increased renin mRNA levels in both kidneys fourfold. In animals with unilateral clips, additional treatment with ramipril increased renin mRNA levels 6.4-fold in the stenosed and 3.3-fold in the intact kidneys. These findings suggest that endogenous angiotensin II exerts an inhibitory effect on renin mRNA expression in normal kidneys, clipped kidneys, and their contralaterals. Suppression of the renin gene in contralateral kidneys seems not to be directly mediated by the rise of plasma renin activity or by the rise of blood pressure in two-kidney, one clip rats.
Thermalization after/during Reheating
Creators: name: Harigaya, Keisuke
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If reheating of the Universe takes place via Planck-suppressed decay, it seems that the thermalization of produced particles might be delayed, since they have large energy/small number densities and number violating large angle scatterings which decrease the momentum of particles by large amount are inefficient correspondingly. In this paper, we study the thermalization of such "under occupied" decay products in detail, following recent developments in understanding the thermalization of non-abelian plasma. Contrary to the above naive expectation, it is shown that in most cases thermalization after/during reheating occurs instantaneously by properly taking account of scatterings with small angles and of particles with small momenta. In particular, the condition for instantaneous thermalization before the completion of reheating is found to be $α^{8/5} \gg (m_ϕ/ M_{\rm pl}) (M_{\rm pl}^2 Γ_ϕ/ m_ϕ^3)^{1/5}$, which is much milder than that obtained in previous works with small angle scatterings taken into account.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures; v2: discussion on abelian gauge theory is modified; v3: published version
Direct Neural Conversion of Adult Human Fibroblasts – Generation of Dopaminergic Neurons for Cell-Based Replacement Therapy
Creators: name: Shrigley, Shelby
name: Pereira, Maria
name: Hoban, Deirdre B
name: Drouin-Ouellet, Janelle
name: Parmar, Malin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: Cell-based replacement therapy has great potential to improve the clinical outcome of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease resulting from the progressive loss of dopamine within the nigrostriatal system. Induced neurons (iNs) provide a unique resource for cell replacement therapies that negate the ethical concerns often associated with embryonic stem (ES) derived cells. We have previously shown that the dopaminergic (DA) neuronal fate could be generated from human fetal fibroblasts using forced expression of Ascl1 and specific DA fate determinants including: Lmx1a, Lmx1b, FoxA2 and Otx2. However, this early iN conversion protocol has shown low conversion efficiencies when converting adult fibroblasts. Here, we build on our newly developed reprogramming method to convert adult fibroblasts in a very efficient manner to generate dopaminergic iNs by transducing adult fibroblasts with a new combination of transcription factors combined with a REST knock-down. High content screening analysis showed that 21% of converted cells express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) using our new reprogramming cocktail. Furthermore, quantitative PCR analysis revealed that those induced DA neurons strongly express other DA markers, including PITX3, DAT and AADC. We are now investigating in vivo the potential of these DA iNs to survive, convert and integrate in the host circuitry of the rat striatum. This study provides a more robust and efficient protocol for the generation of DA iNs from human adult fibroblasts. Results from this first transplantation study will help answer important questions related to the optimal conversion stage for DA iNs to be grafted in order to ensure survival in the host circuitry, and will pave the way for studies assessing their potential for brain repair.
Towards a realistic model of quarks and leptons, leptonic CP violation and neutrinoless $ββ$-decay
Creators: name: Ahn, Y. H.
name: Gondolo, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to explain the fermion masses and mixings naturally, we introduce a specific flavor symmetry and mass suppression pattern that constrain the flavor structure of the fermion Yukawa couplings. Our model describes why the hierarchy of neutrino masses is milder than the hierarchy of charged fermion masses in terms of successive powers of flavon fields. We investigate CP violation and neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay, and show how they can be predicted and constrained in our model by present and upcoming experimental data. Our model predicts that the atmospheric neutrino mixing angle $θ_{23}$ should be within $\sim1^{\circ}$ of $45^\circ$ for the normal neutrino mass ordering (NO), and between $\sim4^\circ$ and $\sim8^\circ$ degrees away from $45^\circ$ (in either direction) for the inverted neutrino mass ordering (IO). For both NO and IO, our model predicts that a $0νββ$ Majorana mass in the limited range $0.035 \text{eV}
description: 41 pages and 13 figures, references added, version to appear in PRD; the model is changed slightly without corrupting the numerical results
Identifying Key Factors in Planning and Implementing Autonomous Public Transport: An Investigation of Road- and Rail-bound Projects in Germany
Creators: name: Lamberg, Jonas
Publisher: name: Torino : Politecnico di Torino
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: autonomous public transport
subject: autonomous driving
subject: public transport
subject: autonomous metro
subject: autonomous bus
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::900 | Geschichte und Geografie::910 | Geografie, Reisen

description: Autonomous driving in public transport is becoming increasingly popular in Germany. The reasons for this are manifold – as are the challenges in the implementation. The aim of this article is to highlight these reasons and challenges and, in particular, to provide a deeper insight into the planning and implementation processes of various transport projects in Germany. This enables a comparison of road- and rail-bound transport systems and emphasises the differences between urban and rural project areas. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a stakeholder network in the case of the autonomous metro system in Nuremberg as well as to forms of cooperation in road-bound projects.
Strongly disordered Anderson insulator chains with generic two-body interaction
Creators: name: Krajewski, B.
name: Vidmar, L.
name: Bonca, J.
name: Mierzejewski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The random-field spin-1/2 XXZ chains, and the corresponding Anderson insulators of spinless fermions with density-density interaction, have been intensively studied in the context of many-body localization. However, we recently argued [B. Krajewski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 260601(2022)] that the two-body density-density interaction in these models is not generic since only a small fraction of this interaction represents a true local perturbation to the Anderson insulator. Here we study ergodicity of strongly disordered Anderson insulator chains choosing other forms of the two-body interaction for which the strength of the true perturbation is of the same order of magnitude as the bare two-body interaction. Focusing on the strong interaction regime, numerical results for the level statistics and the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis are consistent with emergence of ergodicity at arbitrary strong disorder.
Existence and multiplicity result for the singular Toda system
Creators: name: Battaglia, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R01, 35J50, 58E05

description: We consider the Toda system on a compact surface. We give existence and multiplicity results, using variational and Morse-theoretical methods. It is the first existence result when some of the coefficients of the singularities are allowed to be negative.
description: 37 pages, 1 figure, accepted on Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
Differential effects of extracellular anions on renin secretion from isolated perfused rat kidneys
Creators: name: Scholz, H.
name: Götz, K. H.
name: Hamann, M.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Acetates/pharmacology
subject: Angiotensin II/pharmacology
subject: Animals
subject: Anions/pharmacology
subject: Blood Pressure
subject: Bumetanide/pharmacology
subject: Calcium/pharmacology
subject: Cell Membrane Permeability
subject: Chlorides/pharmacology
subject: Cyclic AMP/metabolism
subject: Extracellular Space
subject: Isethionic Acid/pharmacology
subject: Isoproterenol/pharmacology
subject: Kidney/secretion
subject: Kidney Tubules/secretion
subject: Male
subject: Nitrates/pharmacology
subject: Perfusion
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
subject: Renin/secretion

description: We investigated the relevance of anions for the regulation of renin secretion from the kidneys. For this purpose we measured renin release from isolated rat kidneys that were perfused with medium containing either 120 mmol/l (normal) chloride or 95 mmol/l of isethionate, acetate, or nitrate anions in exchange for equimolar amounts of chloride. Lowering the extracellular chloride concentration by either of these maneuvers significantly enhanced renin secretion rates (RSR) at a perfusion pressure of 100 mmHg. Increasing pressure above 100 mmHg inhibited renin release in the presence of isethionate and acetate but not with nitrate anions. The renin stimulatory effects of isethionate and acetate but not that of nitrate anions disappeared in the presence of bumetanide (100 mumol/l), an inhibitor of macula densa chloride transport. Activation of renin secretion by isethionate and acetate was blunted with 100 pmol/l angiotensin II (ANG II), whereas tenfold higher concentrations of ANG II were required to attenuate the effect of nitrate ions. The amount of renin released in the presence of nitrate was fully additive to RSR values obtained with maximally effective doses of isoproterenol. These findings are consistent with the idea that impermeant anions such as isethionate and acetate enhance renin secretion from the kidneys predominantly via the tubular macula densa mechanism. The stimulatory influence of membrane-permeable nitrate anions appears to involve additional pathways and is mediated by a decreased calcium sensitivity of the renin secretory process rather than resulting from an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent action.
title: David Pyott: The Battle for Allergan (B)
Creators: name: Peterson, Randall
name: Duke, Lisa
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This case series charts the evolution of the hostile battle for Allergan and its ultimate sale to a white knight, Actavis. David Pyott had been the CEO of Allergan since January 1998; only the third CEO in the company's 60-year-plus history. Allergan was primarily known for Botox, the aesthetic anti-wrinkle product, but the company, which had started out in eye care, had developed Botox into a US$2 billion multipurpose drug. By 2014 the company, which enjoyed double-digit growth, had over 11,000 employees, sold its products in 100 countries and had 40 direct-selling subsidiaries. The business mix included eye care, neurosciences, medical aesthetics, medical dermatology, breast aesthetics and urologics. R&D was the backbone of the company and it had strong cash reserves. In April 2014 it came as a shock to Pyott and the Allergan board to learn that that pharma company Valeant, in partnership with Pershing Square Capital Management, had announced its intention to make a hostile takeover of Allergan. The ensuing battle was hostile, attracting media interest, hostile and supportive stories in the papers, and games to force Allergan into negotiating a sale. Tricks included hacking emails in an attempt to find out information on the fight team's strategy and moves. Pyott and the board had managed to drive up the share price over several months in their attempt to keep Allergan independent. In November 2014, a Californian judge accepted Valeant/Pershing Square's demand that shareholders should be allowed to vote on its bid. Case A follows the battle from the initial announcement to the court judgement. Case B then illustrates what happened next. Pyott and the 'fights' team realised that they were not able to keep Allergan independent and looked for a white knight to make a higher bid for the company. They successfully identified and negotiated with Actavis, a fellow pharma company. The sale was announced later in November. While Allergan no longer remained an independent company, a short time later Actavis announced it was changing the name of the company to Allergan, rather than simply absorbing Allergan into the Actavis name.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-16-001b
Renal autacoids are involved in the stimulation of renin gene expression by low perfusion pressure
Creators: name: Schricker, Karin
name: Hamann, Marlies
name: Kaissling, B.
name: Kurtz, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Arginine/pharmacology
subject: Blood Pressure/drug effects
subject: Drug Combinations
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Hypertension/blood
subject: Kidney/physiopathology
subject: Male
subject: Meclofenamic Acid/pharmacology
subject: NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
subject: Nitric Oxide/physiology
subject: Perfusion
subject: Prostaglandins/physiology
subject: RNA, Messenger/analysis
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
subject: Renin/genetics

description: Renal autacoids are involved in the stimulation of renin gene expression by low perfusion pressure. This study aimed to examine the role of local autacoids for the regulation of renin secretion and renin gene expression by the renal perfusion pressure. To this end the effects of unilateral reduction of renal perfusion by 0.2 mm clips on plasma renin activity and on renal renin mRNA levels were examined in rats treated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate (8 mg/kg body wt, twice a day), with the NO-synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME, 40 mg/kg body wt, twice a day) or with a combination of both. L-NAME alone decreased basal PRA values from 9.9 to 5.4 ng Ang I/hr times ml, while meclofenamate alone and the combination meclofenamate/L-NAME had no consistent effect on basal PRA. Unilateral renal artery clipping increased PRA values from 9.9 ng Ang I/hr times ml to 34, 27, and 16 ng Ang I/hr times ml in vehicle, meclofenamate, and L-NAME treated animals, respectively, but did not increase PRA in meclofenamate/L-NAME treated rats (9.5 ng Ang I/hr times ml). Renal renin mRNA levels in the clipped kidneys increased 4.8-, 2.6-, 2.5- and 1.8-fold in the clipped kidneys in vehicle, meclofenamate, L-NAME and meclofenamate/L-NAME injected animals, respectively. These findings indicate that both the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and of the formation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) attenuate the increase of renin gene expression and of renin secretion in response to acute unilateral renal hypoperfusion and that the effects of both maneuvers are additive. The data suggest that the stimulations of renin gene expression in response to low renal perfusion pressure require both intact prostaglandin and EDRF formation.
title: Christian Lacroix: A King Without a Kingdom
Creators: name: Turconi, Stefano
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Set in 2009, this case chronicles the key stages in the development of the Christian Lacroix Company, the fashion house founded by the eponymous designer with the financial backing of Bernard Arnault (LVMH). Lacroix's opulent creations wowed fashion editors and wealthy fashionistas the world over and came to embody haute couture at its most magnificent and extravagant. Despite years of critical acclaim and an unrelenting commitment to extend product lines and expand distribution, the company never turned a profit. In 2005 LVMH unceremoniously sold off the ailing maison to the Falic Group, a US-based retailer and duty-free operator. But, in another ill-fated twist, the sudden onset of the global financial crisis and recession hindered attempts to turn the company around. In May 2009 the house of Lacroix filed for bankruptcy protection, leaving a commercial court in Paris to decide whether to restructure or liquidate one of the most iconic and revered fashion houses in France.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-11-037
title: Innovation and Agility at Tencent's WeChat
Creators: name: Birkinshaw, Julian
name: De Diego, Enrique
name: Liang-Hong Ke, Dickie
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This case analyses the evolution of Tencent, now (in early 2019) one of the top 10 listed companies in the world. The case focuses on WeChat, the social networking and lifestyle app created in 2010 and now (in 2019) with more than one billion users. It describes the emergence and growth of WeChat and how it came to dominate large parts of daily life in China; it also provides insight into how WeChat operates and the current strategic challenges facing WeChat.  Unlike some case studies on Tencent and WeChat, this case is based on in-depth interviews with executives in the company and in particular Allen Zhang, the founder of WeChat. It therefore provides an in-depth understanding of how WeChat works internally, and it allows the instructor to draw out some general points about innovation in today's mobile-first digital economy.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-19-013