cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the Bias in Facial Expressions
Creators: name: Deuschel, Jessica
name: Finzel, Bettina
name: Rieger, Ines
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the past decades the machine and deep learning community has celebrated great achievements in challenging tasks such as image classification. The deep architecture of artificial neural networks together with the plenitude of available data makes it possible to describe highly complex relations. Yet, it is still impossible to fully capture what the deep learning model has learned and to verify that it operates fairly and without creating bias, especially in critical tasks, for instance those arising in the medical field. One example for such a task is the detection of distinct facial expressions, called Action Units, in facial images. Considering this specific task, our research aims to provide transparency regarding bias, specifically in relation to gender and skin color. We train a neural network for Action Unit classification and analyze its performance quantitatively based on its accuracy and qualitatively based on heatmaps. A structured review of our results indicates that we are able to detect bias. Even though we cannot conclude from our results that lower classification performance emerged solely from gender and skin color bias, these biases must be addressed, which is why we end by giving suggestions on how the detected bias can be avoided.
description: Accepted at the Kolloquium Forschende Frauen 2020 - published in "Gender in Gesellschaft 4.0: Beitr\"age Bamberger Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen(2021)"
Qibo: a framework for quantum simulation with hardware acceleration
Creators: name: Efthymiou, Stavros
name: Ramos-Calderer, Sergi
name: Bravo-Prieto, Carlos
name: Pérez-Salinas, Adrián
name: García-Martín, Diego
name: Garcia-Saez, Artur
name: Latorre, José Ignacio
name: Carrazza, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present Qibo, a new open-source software for fast evaluation of quantum circuits and adiabatic evolution which takes full advantage of hardware accelerators. The growing interest in quantum computing and the recent developments of quantum hardware devices motivates the development of new advanced computational tools focused on performance and usage simplicity. In this work we introduce a new quantum simulation framework that enables developers to delegate all complicated aspects of hardware or platform implementation to the library so they can focus on the problem and quantum algorithms at hand. This software is designed from scratch with simulation performance, code simplicity and user friendly interface as target goals. It takes advantage of hardware acceleration such as multi-threading CPU, single GPU and multi-GPU devices.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables,code available at https://github.com/qiboteam/qibo, final version published in QST
Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the USA
Creators: name: Socolow, Robert
name: Pacala, Stephen W.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Socolow, Robert
name: Pacala, Stephen W.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We compile a database of energy uses, energy sources, and carbon dioxide emissions for the USA for the period 1850-2002. We use a model to extrapolate the missing observations on energy use by sector. Overall emission intensity rose between 1850 and 1917, and fell between 1917 and 2002. The leading cause for the rise in emission intensity was the switch from wood to coal, but population growth, economic growth, and electrification contributed as well. After 1917, population growth, economic growth and electrification pushed emissions up further, and there was no net shift from fossil to non-fossil energy sources. From 1850 to 2002, emissions were reduced by technological and behavioural change (particularly in transport, manufacturing and households), structural change in the economy, and a shift from coal to oil and gas. These trends are stronger than electrification, explaining the fall in emissions relative to GDP.
Impact of Climate Policy on the Basque Economy
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Mikel
name: Dellink, Rob B.
name: Gonzalez, Mikel
name: Dellink, Rob B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In this paper we analyze the economic effects of CO2 emission reductions in the Basque Country (Spain) using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) model with specific attention to environment-energy-economy interactions. Environmental policy is implemented through a system of tradable pollution permits that the government auctions. The costs of different levels of CO2 abatement are discussed, focusing on the variations of macroeconomic, sectoral and environment-energy variables. Results show that the costs for achieving the Kyoto targets can remain limited if the appropriate combination of changes in fuel-mix and restructuring of the economy is induced.
Hyperkahler metrics near Lagrangian submanifolds and symplectic groupoids
Creators: name: Mayrand, Maxence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D17, 53C26, 53C28, 32G05

description: The first part of this paper is a generalization of the Feix-Kaledin theorem on the existence of a hyperkahler metric on a neighbourhood of the zero section of the cotangent bundle of a Kahler manifold. We show that the problem of constructing a hyperkahler structure on a neighbourhood of a complex Lagrangian submanifold in a holomorphic symplectic manifold reduces to the existence of certain deformations of holomorphic symplectic structures. The Feix-Kaledin structure is recovered from the twisted cotangent bundle. We then show that every holomorphic symplectic groupoid over a compact holomorphic Poisson surface of Kahler type has a hyperkahler structure on a neighbourhood of its identity section. More generally, we reduce the existence of a hyperkahler structure on a symplectic realization of a holomorphic Poisson manifold of any dimension to the existence of certain deformations of holomorphic Poisson structures adapted from Hitchin's unobstructedness theorem.
description: 20 pages. To appear in Journal fur die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelle's Journal)
On the Robustness of Robustness Checks of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Creators: name: Galeotti, Marzio
name: Manera, Matteo
name: Lanza, Alessandro
name: Galeotti, Marzio
name: Manera, Matteo
name: Lanza, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Since its first inception in the debate on the relationship between environment and growth in 1992, the Environmental Kuznets Curve has been subject to continuous and intense scrutiny. The literature can be roughly divided in two historical phases. Initially, after the seminal contributions, additional work aimed to extend the investigation to new pollutants and to verify the existence of an inverted-U shape as well as assessing the value of the turning point. The following phase focused instead on the robustness of the empirical relationship, particularly with respect to the omission of relevant explanatory variables other than GDP, alternative datasets, functional forms, and grouping of the countries examined. The most recent line of investigation criticizes the Environmental Kuznets Curve on more fundamental grounds, in that it stresses the lack of sufficient statistical testing of the empirical relationship and questions the very existence of the notion of Environmental Kuznets Curve. Attention is drawn in particular on the stationarity properties of the series involved per capita emissions or concentrations and per capita GDP and, in case of unit roots, on the cointegration property that must be present for the Environmental Kuznets Curve to be a well-defined concept. Only at that point can the researcher ask whether the long-run relationship exhibits an inverted-U pattern. On the basis of panel integration and cointegration tests for sulphur, Stern (2002, 2003) and Perman and Stern (1999, 2003) have presented evidence and forcefully stated that the Environmental Kuznets Curve does not exist. In this paper we ask whether similar strong conclusions can be arrived at when carrying out tests of fractional panel integration and cointegration. As an example we use the controversial case of carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that more EKCs come back into life relative to traditional integration/cointegration tests. However, we confirm that the EKC remains a fragile concept.
Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the USA
Creators: name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix, and emission coefficients. The model is simple enough to be calibrated to observations since 1850. The model is used to project emissions until 2100. Best guess carbon dioxide emissions are in the middle of the IPCC SRES scenarios, but incomes and energy intensities are on the high side, while carbon intensities are on the low side. The confidence interval suggests that the SRES scenarios do not span the range of not-implausible futures. Although the model can be calibrated to reflect structural changes in the economy, it cannot anticipate such changes. The data poorly constrain crucial scenario elements, particularly energy prices. This suggests that the range of future emissions is wider still.
Are Electric Currents Heating the Magnetic Chromosphere?
Creators: name: Socas-Navarro, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an analysis of three-dimensional vector currents and temperatures observed in a sunspot from the photosphere to the chromosphere, spanning a range of heights of approximately 1500 km. With this unique dataset, based on novel spectro-polarimetric observations of the 850 nm spectral region, it is possible to conduct for the first time an empirical study of the relation between currents and chromospheric heating. It is shown that, while resistive current dissipation contributes to heat the sunspot chromosphere, it is not the dominant factor. The heating effect of current dissipation is more important in the penumbra of the sunspot, but even there it is still a relatively modest contribution.
description: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda
Creators: name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions suggest that, although climate change is a problem and some emission reduction is justified, very stringent abatement does not pass the cost-benefit test. However, current estimates of the economic impact of climate change are incomplete. Some of the missing impacts are likely to be positive and others negative, but overall the uncertainty seems to concentrate on the downside risks and current estimates of the damage costs may have a negative bias. The research effort on the economic impacts of climate change is minute, and should be strengthened, with a particular focus on the quantification of uncertainties; estimating missing impacts, interactions between impacts and higher-order effects; the valuation of biodiversity loss; the implications of extreme climate scenarios and violent conflict; and climate change in the very long term.
Symplectic reduction of Yang-Mills theory with boundaries: from superselection sectors to edge modes, and back
Creators: name: Riello, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I develop a theory of symplectic reduction that applies to bounded regions in Yang-Mills theory and electromagnetism. In this theory gauge-covariant superselection sectors for the electric flux through the boundary of the region play a central role: within such sectors, there exists a natural, canonically defined, symplectic structure for the reduced Yang-Mills theory. This symplectic structure does not require the inclusion of any new degrees of freedom. In the non-Abelian case, it also supports a family of Hamiltonian vector fields, which I call "flux rotations," generated by smeared, Poisson-non-commutative, electric fluxes. Since the action of flux rotations affects the total energy of the system, I argue that flux rotations fail to be dynamical symmetries of Yang-Mills theory restricted to a region. I also consider the possibility of defining a symplectic structure on the union of all superselection sectors. This in turn requires including additional boundary degrees of freedom aka "edge modes." However, unless the new edge modes model a material physical system located at the boundary of the region, I argue that the phase space extension by edge modes is inherently ambiguous and gauge-breaking.
description: Published version: entirely self-contained; now includes explicit reference to Marsden-Weinstein-Meyer symplectic reduction (Sec. 1.5 + App. 1) and an improved discussion of superselection (Sect. 1.6 and 5.1). SciPost is a non-profit, two-way open access publication portal featuring peer-witnessed refereeing
Structural matters in HTSC; the origin and form of stripe organization and checker boarding
Creators: name: Wilson, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper deals with the controversial charge and spin self-organization phenomena in the HTSC cuprates, of which neutron, X-ray, STM and ARPES experiments give complementary, sometimes apparently contradictory glimpses. The examination has been set in the context of the boson-fermion, negative-U understanding of HTSC advocated over many years by the author. Stripe models are developed which are 2q in nature and diagonal in form. For such a geometry to be compatible with the data rests upon both the spin and charge arrays being face-centred. Various special doping concentrations are closely looked at, in particular p = 0.1836 or 9/49, which is associated with the maximization of the superconducting condensation energy and the termination of the pseudogap regime. The stripe models are dictated by real space organization of the holes, whereas the dispersionless checkerboarding is interpreted in terms of correlation driven collapse of normal Fermi surface behaviour and response functions. The incommensurate spin diffraction below the resonance energy is seen as in no way expressing spin-wave physics or Fermi surface nesting, but is driven by charge and strain (Jahn-Teller) considerations, and it stands virtually without dispersion. The apparent dispersion comes from the downward dispersion of the resonance peak, and the growth of a further incoherent commensurate peak ensuing from the falling level of charge stripe organization under excitation.
description: 49 pages with 8 figures
Orientation-Dependent Transparency of Metallic Interfaces
Creators: name: Xu, P. X.
name: Xia, K.
name: Zwierzycki, M.
name: Talanana, M.
name: Kelly, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As devices are reduced in size, interfaces start to dominate electrical transport making it essential to be able to describe reliably how they transmit and reflect electrons. For a number of nearly perfectly lattice-matched materials, we calculate from first-principles the dependence of the interface transparency on the crystal orientation. Quite remarkably, the largest anisotropy is predicted for interfaces between the prototype free-electron materials silver and aluminium for which a massive factor of two difference between (111) and (001) interfaces is found.
Statistical description of short pulses in long optical fibers: Effects of nonlocality
Creators: name: Shukla, P. K.
name: Marklund, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical description of the propagation of short pulses in long optical fibers, taking into account the Kerr and nonlocal nonlinearities on an equal footing. We use the Wigner approach on the modified nonlinear Schroedinger equation to obtain a wave kinetic equation and a nonlinear dispersion relation. The latter exhibit that the optical pulse decoherence reduces the growth rate of the modulational instability, and thereby contribute to the nonlinear stability of the pulses in long optical fibers. It is also found that the interaction between spectral broadening and nonlocality tends to extend the instability region.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
General facts on the Scott Adjunction
Creators: name: Di Liberti, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce, comment and develop the Scott adjunction, mostly from the point of view of a category theorist. Besides its technical and conceptual aspects, in a nutshell we provide a categorification of the Scott topology over a posets with directed suprema. From a technical point of view we establish an adjunction between accessible categories with directed colimits and Grothendieck topoi. We show that the bicategory of topoi is enriched over the $2$-category of accessible categories with directed colimits and it has tensors with respect to this enrichment. The Scott adjunction (ri-)emerges naturally from this observation.
description: Final version. Accepted by Applied Categorical Structures
Dispersion management using betatron resonances in an ultracold-atom storage ring
Creators: name: Murch, K. W.
name: Moore, K. L.
name: Gupta, S.
name: Stamper-Kurn, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Specific velocities of particles circulating in a storage ring can lead to betatron resonances at which static perturbations of the particles' orbit yield large transverse (betatron) oscillations. We have observed betatron resonances in an ultracold-atom storage ring by direct observation of betatron motion. These resonances caused a near-elimination of the longitudinal dispersion of atomic beams propagating at resonant velocities, an effect which can improve the performance of atom interferometric devices. Both the resonant velocities and the strength of the resonances were varied by deliberate modifications to the storage ring.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Also available at http://physics.berkeley.edu/research/ultracold
ANTONIM SO'ZLAR VOSITASIDA QADRIYAT VA BAHONING IFODALANISHI
Creators: name: G. Komilova
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: aksiologiya
antonim
antinomiya
antisemiya
qadriyat
baho
subyektiv baho
til
aksiologik leksika
paremiya
maqol

description: Antonim so„zlar vositasida insoniyat uchun muhim hodisa va holatlardagi qarama-qarshiliklar, kishilarning ichki dunyosidagi ziddiyatlarning nomlanishi tilning aksiologik tomoni bilan uzviy bog„liq. Maqollarda qadriyat va baho, ko„pincha, antonim so„zlar bilan ifodalangan. Mazkur tadqiqot ishi aynan shu vositalar tahliliga bag„ishlanadi.
Dolichupis pingius Simone & Cunha 2012
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Triviidae
Dolichupis
Dolichupis pingius

description: pingius, Dolichupis Simone & Cunha, 2012
 Dolichupis pingius Simone & Cunha, 2012: 756–757 (fig. 4E–H).
Gastropoda, Triviidae
 Paratypes (2 spc): MZSP 104030.
 Locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, off Regência, Abrolhos Slope, 19°40' S, 37°48' W, MD55 sta. CB77, 790– 940 m depth, 27 May 1987.
 Collectors: P. Bouchet, J.H. Leal and B. Métivier.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former MNHN, Paris.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 41, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Tautological stable pair invariants of Calabi-Yau 4-folds
Creators: name: Cao, Yalong
name: Toda, Yukinobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $X$ be a Calabi-Yau 4-fold and $D$ a smooth divisor on it. We consider tautological complex associated with $L=\mathcal{O}_X(D)$ on the moduli space of Le Potier stable pairs and define its counting invariant by integrating the Euler class against the virtual class. We conjecture a formula for their generating series expressed using genus zero Gopakumar-Vafa invariants of $D$ and genus one Gopakumar-Vafa type invariants of $X$, which we verify in several examples. When $X$ is the local resolved conifold, our conjecture reproduces a conjectural formula of Cao-Kool-Monavari in the PT chamber. In the JS chamber, we completely determine the invariants and confirm one of our previous conjectures.
description: 26 pages. Published version
Composition and structure of titanian andradite from magmatic and hydrothermal environments
Creators: name: Hilton, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Titanian andradite provides a wealth of information about the environments in which they form. Zippa Mountain pluton and the Crowsnest volcanic rocks provide examples of titanian andradite formed indifferent environments (e.g., magmatic, skarn, volcanic, and hydrothermal). Electron-microprobe, petrographic, and geochemical analysis, coupled with X-ray techniques were used to determine the composition, structure, site occupancies, and to discriminate between titanian andradite formed in different environments. Site occupancies, determined from the study samples, are as follows: Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ are always assigned to the X site; Mn²⁺ is preferentially assigned to the X site, but may also be at the Y site; Al²³⁺, Mg²⁺, Cr³⁺, V³⁺, Ti⁴⁺, and Fe²⁺ are always assigned to the Y site; Fe3 + may be assigned into the Y site or the Z site; and Si⁴⁺, Zr⁴⁺, and H 4 + are always assigned to the Z site. The titanium substitution mechanism may be via the TiMgFe₂[sub -]³⁺ exchange component, indicative of octahedral Ti substitution and octahedrally controlled cell volume. Chemical zoning of magmatic and skarn titanian andradite is irregular. Garnet from volcanic samples have irregularly zoned cores and regularly zoned rims as does the magmatic cumulus sample. Hydrothermal samples show regular chemical zonation. EPMA data reveals titanian andradite zoning patterns within different rock types and different formation environments. Dark zones in the volcanic garnet contain more TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ and less Fe₂O₃ than lighter zones. Melasyenite samples show positive correlation between TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ . Conversely, pyroxenite samples show regular zoning with darker zones having more Al₂O₃ and less Fe₂O₃ than lighter areas. In these samples, TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ are negatively correlated. In terms of Thompson components, magmatic samples have small norms, negative MgCa-, very small H4Si- component, and positive FeMg-, whereas hydrothermal samples have positive H4Si- components, zero to slightly positive FeMg-, and large norms. On average, skarn samples have equal amounts of both T i S i - and TiMgFe₂[sub -]³⁺ components and are therefore intermediate between magmatic and hydrothermal samples. Oxygen fugacify and activity of silica are correlated by TiMgFe₂[sub -]³⁺ and TiSi- components and indicate that the magmatic samples formed under low f₀₂ conditions, skarn samples inherited the f₀₂ signature by interaction with early magmatic fluids, whereas the hydrothermal sample crystallised from a more evolved fluid which had a higher f₀₂ and a[sub SiO₂].
Probing the dark matter profile of hot clusters and the M-T relation with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Pointecouteau, E.
name: Arnaud, M.
name: Pratt, G. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results based on XMM-Newton observations of a small sample of hot galaxy clusters. Making a full use of XMM-Newton's spectro-imaging capabilities, we have extracted the radial temperature profile and gas density profile, and with this information, calculated the total mass profile of each cluster (under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry). Comparing the individual scaled total mass profiles, we have probed the Universality of rich cluster mass profiles over a wide range of radii (from 0.01 to 0.7 the virial radius). We have also tested the shape of cluster mass profiles by comparing with the predicted profiles from numerical simulations of hierarchical structure formation. We also derived the local mass-temperature (M-T) scaling relation over a range of temperature going from 4 to 9 keV, that we compare with theoretical predictions.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, Advances in Space Research in press (proceedings of the COSPAR 2004 Assembly, Paris)
Soziales Lernen durch Improvisationstheater Entwicklungsprojekt im Sozialen Lernen
Creators: name: Darvishbeigi, Maryam
name: Sigg, Katrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit

description: Neben der Vermittlung von Kulturtechniken ist es eine Aufgabe der Schule, das Zusammenleben und sozial-emotionale Kompetenzen zu fördern. Ausgangspunkt sind Filme von C. Filippini und D. Barth zu herausfordernden Situationen im Schulalltag sowie die folgende Fragestellung: "Inwiefern unterstützt das Improvisationstheater als Methode des Sozialen Lernens die sozial-emotionale Entwicklung in Bezug auf die Perspektivenübernahme (vgl. Selman, 1982) der Schülerinnen und Schüler?" Es werden quantitative (S-E-T-Gruppentest, Soziogramm) und qualitative Methoden (Filmaufnahmen, Forschungstagebuch, Kurzumfragen) zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung beigezogen. Die Diskussion der Ergebnisse zeigt, dass das Improvisationstheater eine ansprechende Unterrichtsmethode für eine 6. Klasse ist. Mithilfe der Übungen kann an der Perspektivenübernahme durch Eigenerleben, Beobachtung und Reflexion gearbeitet werden. Die Verfasserinnen möchten andere Lehrpersonen ermutigen, neue methodisch-didaktische Formen auszuprobieren, um auf sozialer Ebene Veränderungen anzuregen.
Supermassive black hole mass measurements for NGC 1300 and NGC 2748 based on HST emission-line gas kinematics
Creators: name: Atkinson, J. W.
name: Collett, J. L.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Axon, D. J.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Batcheldor, D.
name: Binney, J. J.
name: Capetti, A.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Dressel, L.
name: Ford, H.
name: Gerssen, J.
name: Hughes, M. A.
name: Macchetto, D.
name: Maciejewski, W.
name: Merrifield, M. R.
name: Scarlata, C.
name: Sparks, W.
name: Stiavelli, M.
name: Tsvetanov, Z.
name: van der Marel, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph emission-line spectra of the central regions of the spiral galaxies NGC 1300 and NGC 2748. From the derived kinematics of the nuclear gas we have found evidence for central supermassive black holes in both galaxies. The estimated mass of the black hole in NGC 1300 is 6.6 (+6.3, -3.2) x 10^7 solar masses and in NGC 2748 is 4.4 (+3.5, -3.6) x 10^7 solar masses (both at the 95% confidence level). These two black hole mass estimates contribute to the poorly sampled low-mass end of the nuclear black hole mass spectrum.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
q-Breathers in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains: existence, localization and stability
Creators: name: Flach, S.
name: Ivanchenko, M. V.
name: Kanakov, O. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) problem consists of the nonequipartition of energy among normal modes of a weakly anharmonic atomic chain model. In the harmonic limit each normal mode corresponds to a periodic orbit in phase space and is characterized by its wave number q. We continue normal modes from the harmonic limit into the FPU parameter regime and obtain persistence of these periodic orbits, termed here q-Breathers (QB). They are characterized by time periodicity, exponential localization in the q-space of normal modes and linear stability up to a size-dependent threshold amplitude. Trajectories computed in the original FPU setting are perturbations around these exact QB solutions. The QB concept is applicable to other nonlinear lattices as well.
description: 29 pages
Agricultural Economics at the University of Minnesota 1886-1979
Creators: name: Cochrane, Willard W.
name: Cochrane, Willard W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Table of Contents: The Beginnings: 1886-1900; Two Strands of Development: 1900-1918; The Explosive Years: 1918-1928; The Jesness Era: 1928-1957; New Faces and New Approaches: 1957-1971; Maturity Without Stagnation: 1971-1979; Minnesota as a Microcosm of the Profession; University of Minnesota Faculty in Agricultural Economics, 1930-1979; Recipients of Graduate Degrees with Majors in Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1914-1979; Course Offerings in Farm Management and Agricultural Economics, 1930-1932; Course Offerings in Agricultural Economics, 1952-1953; Course Offerings in the Department of Agricultural Economics, 1959-1960; Course Offerings in the Department of Agricultural Economics, 1969-1970; Course Offerings in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 1978-1979; A Suggested Second Ph.D. Track for Students with a Policy Orientation; Administrative Leadership in Agricultural Economics, 1909-1979; Mambers of the Faculty, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 1979
Strange form factors of the nucleon in a two-component model
Creators: name: Bijker, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strange form factors of the nucleon are studied in a two-component model consisting of a three-quark intrinsic structure surrounded by a meson cloud. A comparison with the available experimental world data from the SAMPLE, PVA4, HAPPEX and G0 collaborations shows a good overall agreement. The strange magnetic moment is found to be positive, 0.315 nm.
description: 11 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. G. Revised version, new figures, extra table, new results, updated references
Matrix elements and baryon spectroscopy from unquenched lattice QCD with improved staggered quarks
Creators: name: Gregory, Eric B.
name: Irving, Alan C.
name: McNeile, Craig
name: Miller, Steven
name: Sroczynski, Zbyszek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We look for the effect of open decay channels on the masses of baryons in unquenched lattice QCD. We apply variational smearing using fuzzed basis states to a staggered nucleon operator. The signal for the s_bar s current in the nucleon is studied. The lattice calculations are done using improved staggered fermions.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Presented at 23rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Field: Lattice 2005, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, 25-30 Jul 2005
Probe the effects of split SUSY in rare B decays
Creators: name: Chen, Chuan-Hung
name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decays of $B\to K^{(*)} \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ in split supersymmetry with R-parity violation. We find that the decay branching ratio of $B\to Kτ^+τ^-$ in the new physics model due to the scalar interactions can be $1.8\times 10^{-6}$ which is about one order of magnitude larger that in the standard model, whereas those of $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$ ($\ell=e$ and $μ$) and the $K^*$ modes are insensitive to the new physics. On the other hand, the forward-backward asymmetries of $B\to K τ^{+} τ^{-}$ and $Kμ^{+}μ^{-}$, vanishing in the standard model, can be over 10 and 1%, respectively. In addition, we show that the new interactions will significantly change the forward-backward asymmetry in $B\to K^* τ^{+} τ^{-}$.
description: 15 pages, 1 table, 5 figures, refs. added, typos revised, published version
Ensembles of Localised Models for Time Series Forecasting
Creators: name: Godahewa, Rakshitha
name: Bandara, Kasun
name: Webb, Geoffrey I.
name: Smyl, Slawek
name: Bergmeir, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With large quantities of data typically available nowadays, forecasting models that are trained across sets of time series, known as Global Forecasting Models (GFM), are regularly outperforming traditional univariate forecasting models that work on isolated series. As GFMs usually share the same set of parameters across all time series, they often have the problem of not being localised enough to a particular series, especially in situations where datasets are heterogeneous. We study how ensembling techniques can be used with generic GFMs and univariate models to solve this issue. Our work systematises and compares relevant current approaches, namely clustering series and training separate submodels per cluster, the so-called ensemble of specialists approach, and building heterogeneous ensembles of global and local models. We fill some gaps in the existing GFM localisation approaches, in particular by incorporating varied clustering techniques such as feature-based clustering, distance-based clustering and random clustering, and generalise them to use different underlying GFM model types. We then propose a new methodology of clustered ensembles where we train multiple GFMs on different clusters of series, obtained by changing the number of clusters and cluster seeds. Using Feed-forward Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Pooled Regression models as the underlying GFMs, in our evaluation on eight publicly available datasets, the proposed models are able to achieve significantly higher accuracy than baseline GFM models and univariate forecasting methods.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables
Comment on "Silver nanoparticle array structures that produce remarkably narrow plasmon lineshapes" [J. Chem. Phys. 120, 10871 (2004)]
Creators: name: Markel, Vadim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Comment I discuss two incorrect statements which were made in the paper "Silver nanoparticle array structures that produce remarkably narrow plasmon line shapes" [J. Chem. Phys.120, 10871 (2004)] by Zou, Janel, and Schatz (ZJS). The first statement is about the use of quasistatic approximation in my earlier work on the similar subject, and the second statement concerns the possibility of exact cancellation of radiative relaxation in periodical chains of nanoparticles. The relationship between the quasistatic approximation, the dipole approximation, and the approximation due to Doyle [Phys. Rev. B39, 9852 (1989)] which was used by ZJS is clarified. It is shown that the exact cancellation of radiative relaxation cannot take place in the particular geometry considered by ZJS.
description: 3 pages, no figures
The Emerging Trends of Multi-Label Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Weiwei
name: Wang, Haobo
name: Shen, Xiaobo
name: Tsang, Ivor W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exabytes of data are generated daily by humans, leading to the growing need for new efforts in dealing with the grand challenges for multi-label learning brought by big data. For example, extreme multi-label classification is an active and rapidly growing research area that deals with classification tasks with an extremely large number of classes or labels; utilizing massive data with limited supervision to build a multi-label classification model becomes valuable for practical applications, etc. Besides these, there are tremendous efforts on how to harvest the strong learning capability of deep learning to better capture the label dependencies in multi-label learning, which is the key for deep learning to address real-world classification tasks. However, it is noted that there has been a lack of systemic studies that focus explicitly on analyzing the emerging trends and new challenges of multi-label learning in the era of big data. It is imperative to call for a comprehensive survey to fulfill this mission and delineate future research directions and new applications.
description: Accepted to TPAMI 2021
Solar Site Survey for the Advanced Technology Solar Telecope. I. Analysis of the Seeing Data
Creators: name: Socas-Navarro, H.
name: Beckers, J.
name: Brandt, P.
name: Briggs, J.
name: Brown, T.
name: Brown, W.
name: Collados, M.
name: Denker, C.
name: Fletcher, S.
name: Hegwer, S.
name: Hill, F.
name: Horst, T.
name: Komsa, M.
name: Kuhn, J.
name: Lecinski, A.
name: Lin, H.
name: Oncley, S.
name: Penn, M.
name: Rimmele, T.
name: Streander, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The site survey for the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope concluded recently after more than two years of data gathering and analysis. Six locations, including lake, island and continental sites, were thoroughly probed for image quality and sky brightness. The present paper describes the analysis methodology employed to determine the height stratification of the atmospheric turbulence. This information is crucial because day-time seeing is often very different between the actual telescope aperture (~30 m) and the ground. Two independent inversion codes have been developed to analyze simultaneously data from a scintillometer array and a solar differential image monitor. We show here the results of applying them to a sample subset of data from May 2003, which was used for testing. Both codes retrieve a similar seeing stratification through the height range of interest. A quantitative comparison between our analysis procedure and actual in situ measurements confirms the validity of the inversions. The sample data presented in this paper reveal a qualitatively different behavior for the lake sites (dominated by high-altitude seeing) and the rest (dominated by near-ground turbulence).
description: To appear in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP). Note: Figures are low resolution versions due to file size limitations
General interaction quenches in a Luttinger liquid
Creators: name: Wei, You-Ming
name: Lu, Hantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a general interaction quench in a Luttinger liquid described by a paired bosonic Hamiltonian. By employing $\mathsf{su}(1,1)$ Lie algebra, the post-quench time-evolved wavefunctions are obtained analytically, from which the time evolution of the entanglement in momentum space can be investigated. We note that depending on the choice of Bogoliubov quasiparticles, the expressions of wavefunctions, which describe time-evolved paired states, can take different forms. The correspondence between the largest entanglement eigenvalue in momentum space and the wavefunction overlap in quench dynamics is discussed, which generalizes the results of Dóra {\em et al} [2016, {\em Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{117}, 010603]. A numerical demonstration on an XXZ lattice model is presented via the exact diagonalization method.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure, including supplementary material
AN INTRODUCTION TO ITERATIVE METHODS FOR SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION MODELS: ILLUSTRATIONS FROM ECONOMICS
Creators: name: Todd, Richard
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Todd, Richard
name: Roe, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper focuses on the application of computer-based, iterative methods for deriving analytical solutions to economic models expressed as systems of simultaneous linear and/or nonlinear equations. Practical suggestions for using four specific methods are emphasized. Analogies form economics are used to explain practical and theoretical points.
MHD Waves in open coronal structures
Creators: name: Banerjee, D.
name: Prasad, S. Krishna
name: Pant, V.
name: McLaughlin, J. A.
name: Antolin, P.
name: Magyar, N.
name: Ofman, L.
name: Tian, H.
name: Van Doorsselaere, T.
name: De Moortel, I.
name: Wang, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern observatories have revealed the ubiquitous presence of magnetohydrodynamic waves in the solar corona. The propagating waves (in contrast to the standing waves) are usually originated in the lower solar atmosphere which makes them particularly relevant to coronal heating. Furthermore, open coronal structures are believed to be the source regions of solar wind, therefore, the detection of MHD waves in these structures is also pertinent to the acceleration of solar wind. Besides, the advanced capabilities of the current generation telescopes have allowed us to extract important coronal properties through MHD seismology. The recent progress made in the detection, origin, and damping of both propagating slow mangetoacoustic waves and kink (Alfvénic) waves is presented in this review article especially in the context of open coronal structures. Where appropriate, we give an overview on associated theoretical modelling studies. A few of the important seismological applications of these waves are discussed. The possible role of Aflvénic waves in the acceleration of solar wind is also touched upon.
description: Accepted for publication in the Space Science Reviews. 48 pages and 11 figures
Validation of a microcosm designed for pre-release risk assessment of soil microorganisms using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
Creators: name: Nairn, James D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Soil microcosms may prove to be a useful tool in the development of standardized methods for evaluating survival and persistence of soil organisms, particularly genetically modified microorganisms, before field release. In this study, a relatively simple soil microcosm, previously shown to be useful for predicting survival of a genetically modified pseudomonad in bulk soil and the rhizosphere of wheat, was tested using two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains which were naturally resistant to antibiotics, and spruce seedlings as the test plant. Bacillus polymyxa Pw-2R and Pseudomonas chloroaphis Sw5-RN were each inoculated onto bare soil and into the rhizosphere of spruce seedlings in field plots as well as in intact soil core microcosms that were incubated under controlled environmental conditions. Survival data collected over a two-year period were used to generate polynomial regressions that modeled the persistence of these strains in the field as well as in the soil microcosms. Comparison of the slopes and intercepts of these regressions indicated that the intact soil core microcosm closely predicted the survival of both PGPR strains in bulk soil and in the spruce rhizosphere. These results demonstrate that this small and inexpensive intact soil core microcosm may be appropriate for general use in assessing field persistence of diverse soil microorganisms before environmental release. During this study, a temporary loss of antibiotic resistance was observed in both PGPR strains, as they failed to grow on primary isolation agar media with antibiotics. However, they thrived on agar media with antibiotics if they were first isolated on agar without antibiotics. These results suggest that when using antibiotic resistance as a method to monitor rhizosphere microorganisms, the apparent masking of antibiotic resistance should be evaluated thoroughly. Bacillus polymyxa Pw-2R and Pseudomonas chloroaphis Sw5-RN are both plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Pw-2R has previously been shown to be capable of colonizing internal root and shoot tissues of hybrid spruce. There were no endophytic Pw-2R detected when attempts were made to isolate Pw-2R from internal tissue in this study. Results further indicated spruce seedling growth was not significantly enhanced by the inoculation with the PGPR strains. These results are consistent with the theory that positive results from PGPR seem to be linked with harsh growing sites and interaction with indigenous microorganisms from the primary site of PGPR isolation.
On optimum Hamiltonians for state transformations
Creators: name: Brody, Dorje C.
name: Hook, Daniel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a prescribed pair of quantum states |psi_I> and |psi_F> we establish an elementary derivation of the optimum Hamiltonian, under constraints on its eigenvalues, that generates the unitary transformation |psi_I> --> |psi_F> in the shortest duration. The derivation is geometric in character and does not rely on variational calculus.
description: 5 pages