cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of cross-diffusion on Turing patterns in a reaction-diffusion Schnakenberg model
Creators: name: Gambino, G.
name: Lupo, S.
name: Sammartino, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the Turing pattern formation mechanism of a two component reaction-diffusion system modeling the Schnakenberg chemical reaction coupled to linear cross-diffusion terms is studied. The linear cross-diffusion terms favors the destabilization of the constant steady state and the mechanism of pattern formation with respect to the standard linear diffusion case, as shown in Madzvamuse et al. (J. Math. Biol. 2014). Since the subcritical Turing bifurcations of reaction-diffusion systems lead to spontaneous onset of robust, finite-amplitude localized patterns, here a detailed investigation of the Turing pattern forming region is performed to show how the diffusion coefficients for both species (the activator and the inhibitor) influence the occurrence of supercritical or subcritical bifurcations. The weakly nonlinear (WNL) multiple scales analysis is employed to derive the equations for the amplitude of the Turing patterns and to distinguish the supercritical and the subcritical pattern region, both in 1D and 2D domains. Numerical simulations are employed to confirm the WNL theoretical predictions through which a classification of the patterns (squares, rhombi, rectangle and hexagons) is obtained. In particular, due to the hysteretic nature of the subcritical bifurcation, we observe the phenomenon of pattern transition from rolls to hexagons, in agreement with the bifurcation diagram.
Exploring the dust content of galactic haloes with Herschel - IV. NGC 3079
Creators: name: Veilleux, S.
name: Bregman, J.
name: Rupke, D.S.N.
name: Engelbracht, C.
name: Meléndez, M.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Tanner, R.
name: Mueller, T.
name: Stone, M.
name: Martin, C.L.
name: Heitsch, F.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Hodges-Kluck, E.
name: Sturm, E.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: We present the results from an analysis of deep Herschel far-infrared (far-IR) observations of the edge-on disc galaxy NGC 3079. The point spread function-cleaned Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) images at 100 and 160 μm display a 25 × 25 kpc2 X-shape structure centred on the nucleus that is similar in extent and orientation to that seen in H α, X-rays, and the far-ultraviolet. One of the dusty filaments making up this structure is detected in the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver 250 μm map out to ∼25 kpc from the nucleus. The match between the far-IR filaments and those detected at other wavelengths suggests that the dusty material has been lifted out of the disc by the same large-scale galactic wind that has produced the other structures in this object. A closer look at the central 10 × 10 kpc2 region provides additional support for this scenario. The dust temperatures traced by the 100-160 μm flux ratios in this region are enhanced within a biconical region centred on the active galactic nucleus, aligned along the minor axis of the galaxy, and coincident with the well-known double-lobed cm-wave radio structure and H α-X-ray nuclear superbubbles. PACS imaging spectroscopy of the inner 6 kpc region reveals broad [C ii] 158 μm emission line profiles and OH 79 μm absorption features along the minor axis of the galaxy with widths well in excess of those expected from beam smearing of the disc rotational motion. This provides compelling evidence that the cool material traced by the [C ii] and OH features directly interacts with the nuclear ionized and relativistic outflows traced by the H α, X-ray, and radio emission.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The third and final data release
Creators: name: Lawrence, J.
name: Foster, C.
name: Ferreras, I.
name: Drinkwater, M.J.
name: Liske, J.
name: Catinella, B.
name: Driver, S.P.
name: López-Sánchez, Á.R.
name: Bryant, J.
name: Agostino, J.
name: Oh, S.
name: Leslie, S.K.
name: Croom, S.M.
name: Colless, M.
name: Sharp, R.
name: Casura, S.
name: Brough, S.
name: D'Eugenio, F.
name: Barone, T.M.
name: Thomas, A.D.
name: Owers, M.S.
name: Taylor, E.N.
name: Tescari, E.
name: Scott, N.
name: Groves, B.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Van De Sande, J.
name: Sweet, S.M.
name: Taranu, D.S.
name: Tocknell, J.
name: Poetrodjojo, H.
name: Vaughan, S.P.
name: Lorente, N.P.F.
name: McElroy, R.
name: Fraser-Mckelvie, A.
name: Obreschkow, D.
name: Richards, S.N.
name: Cortese, L.
name: Davies, R.L.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Medling, A.M.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: We have entered a new era where integral-field spectroscopic surveys of galaxies are sufficiently large to adequately sample large-scale structure over a cosmologically significant volume. This was the primary design goal of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. Here, in Data Release 3, we release data for the full sample of 3068 unique galaxies observed. This includes the SAMI cluster sample of 888 unique galaxies for the first time. For each galaxy, there are two primary spectral cubes covering the blue (370-570 nm) and red (630-740 nm) optical wavelength ranges at spectral resolving power of R = 1808 and 4304, respectively. For each primary cube, we also provide three spatially binned spectral cubes and a set of standardized aperture spectra. For each galaxy, we include complete 2D maps from parametrized fitting to the emission-line and absorption-line spectral data. These maps provide information on the gas ionization and kinematics, stellar kinematics and populations, and more. All data are available online through Australian Astronomical Optics Data Central.
TESS Discovery of Twin Planets near 2:1 Resonance around Early M-Dwarf TOI 4342
Creators: name: Tey, Evan
name: Huang, Chelsea X.
name: Kunimoto, Michelle
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
name: Shporer, Avi
name: Quinn, Samuel N.
name: Zhou, George
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Collins, Kevin I.
name: Jensen, Eric L. N.
name: Schwarz, Richard P.
name: Sefako, Ramotholo
name: Gan, Tianjun
name: Furlan, Elise
name: Gnilka, Crystal L.
name: Howell, Steve B.
name: Lester, Kathryn V.
name: Ziegler, Carl
name: Briceño, César
name: Law, Nicholas
name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: Ricker, George R.
name: Vanderspek, Roland K.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Seager, S.
name: Jenkins, Jon M.
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Caldwell, Douglas A.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Burke, Christopher J.
name: Essack, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we showcase improvements to the MIT Quick-Look Pipeline (QLP) through the discovery and validation of a multi-planet system around M-dwarf TOI 4342 ($T_{mag}=11.032$, $M_* = 0.63 M_\odot$, $R_* = 0.60 R_\odot$, $T_{eff} = 3900$ K, $d = 61.54$ pc). With updates to QLP, including a new multi-planet search, as well as faster cadence data from TESS' First Extended Mission, we discovered two sub-Neptunes ($R_b = 2.266_{-0.038}^{+0.038} R_\oplus$ and $R_c = 2.415_{-0.040}^{+0.043} R_\oplus$; $P_b$ = 5.538 days and $P_c$ = 10.689 days) and validated them with ground-based photometry, spectra, and speckle imaging. Both planets notably have high transmission spectroscopy metrics (TSMs) of 36 and 32, making TOI 4342 one of the best systems for comparative atmospheric studies. This system demonstrates how improvements to QLP, along with faster cadence Full-Frame Images (FFIs), can lead to the discovery of new multi-planet systems.
description: accepted for publication in AJ
NMDA Receptor Transmembrane Domain: Structure and Divalent Ion Selectivity
Creators: name: Veras, Lea
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: During a synaptic signal, NMDA receptors are the only ionotropic glutamate receptor subfamily that besides glutamate require glycine and membrane depolarization to allow ion permeation. The depolarization is necessary to release Mg2+ of the channel of NMDA receptors. Of the ions that permeate these ion channels, Ca2+ is of importance because it is essential for learning and memory. Furthermore, NMDA receptor dysfunction has been associated with several nervous system disorders, and thus understanding NMDA receptor functions and dysfunctions are relevant for rational drug design. The mechanisms by which NMDA receptors select Ca2+ for permeation over all other physiological ions, while binding Mg2+ and restricting other ions’ permeation, are not well understood. We hypothesize that the slightly different atomic properties of Mg2+ and Ca2+ result in different mechanisms for how each divalent ion moves across the channel. To create a more complete picture of the permeation mechanism and prove our hypothesis, we performed a multi-level computational chemistry approach. Our research methods consisted of three main steps. The first step was to perform quantum chemical and molecular dynamic calculations to quantitatively predict ion interactions with solvents that mimic the heterogeneous environment of the protein. The second step consisted of modeling, refining, and equilibrating a homology model of the NMDA receptor transmembrane domain. The final step consisted of using the equilibrated transmembrane domain NMDA receptor model to study the actual ionic environment in the protein and simulate the energy involved in the permeation process. For the first step, we found that the solvents mimic the behavior of the residues in the core of our NMDA receptor model because in both set of systems Ca2+ is more permissive than Mg2+ to exchange ligands. As the conclusions in second and third steps, we also observed that the aspargines in the NMDAR model provide the ideal cage environment, that functions like branches and capture the each divalent ion. Hence, an equilibrated TMD NMDAR model was built, the presence of each divalent ion in the protein was simulated, and the permeation mechanism was better understood.
Identifying Exoplanets with Deep Learning. V. Improved Light Curve Classification for TESS Full Frame Image Observations
Creators: name: Tey, Evan
name: Moldovan, Dan
name: Kunimoto, Michelle
name: Huang, Chelsea X.
name: Shporer, Avi
name: Daylan, Tansu
name: Muthukrishna, Daniel
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
name: Dattilo, Anne
name: Ricker, George R.
name: Seager, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The TESS mission produces a large amount of time series data, only a small fraction of which contain detectable exoplanetary transit signals. Deep learning techniques such as neural networks have proved effective at differentiating promising astrophysical eclipsing candidates from other phenomena such as stellar variability and systematic instrumental effects in an efficient, unbiased and sustainable manner. This paper presents a high quality dataset containing light curves from the Primary Mission and 1st Extended Mission full frame images and periodic signals detected via Box Least Squares (Kovács et al. 2002; Hartman 2012). The dataset was curated using a thorough manual review process then used to train a neural network called Astronet-Triage-v2. On our test set, for transiting/eclipsing events we achieve a 99.6% recall (true positives over all data with positive labels) at a precision of 75.7% (true positives over all predicted positives). Since 90% of our training data is from the Primary Mission, we also test our ability to generalize on held-out 1st Extended Mission data. Here, we find an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.965, a 4% improvement over Astronet-Triage (Yu et al. 2019). On the TESS Object of Interest (TOI) Catalog through April 2022, a shortlist of planets and planet candidates, Astronet-Triage-v2 is able to recover 3577 out of 4140 TOIs, while Astronet-Triage only recovers 3349 targets at an equal level of precision. In other words, upgrading to Astronet-Triage-v2 helps save at least 200 planet candidates from being lost. The new model is currently used for planet candidate triage in the Quick-Look Pipeline (Huang et al. 2020a,b; Kunimoto et al. 2021).
description: accepted for publication in AJ. code can be found at: https://github.com/mdanatg/Astronet-Triage and data can be found at: https://zenodo.org/record/7411579
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XII: Fragmentation and multi-scale gas kinematics in protoclusters G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53
Creators: name: Saha, Anindya
name: Tej, Anandmayee
name: Liu, Hong-Li
name: Liu, Tie
name: Issac, Namitha
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Garay, Guido
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Juvela, Mika
name: Qin, Sheng-Li
name: Stutz, Amelia
name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Wang, Ke
name: Baug, Tapas
name: Bronfman, Leonardo
name: Xu, Feng-Wei
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Eswaraiah, Chakali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new continuum and molecular line data from the ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS) survey for the two protoclusters, G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53. The 3 mm continuum maps reveal seven cores in each of the two globally contracting protoclusters. These cores satisfy the radius-mass relation and the surface mass density criteria for high-mass star formation. Similar to their natal clumps, the virial analysis of the cores suggests that they are undergoing gravitational collapse ($\rm α_{vir} << 2$). The clump to core scale fragmentation is investigated and the derived core masses and separations are found to be consistent with thermal Jeans fragmentation. We detect large-scale filamentary structures with velocity gradients and multiple outflows in both regions. Dendrogram analysis of the H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$ map identifies several branch and leaf structures with sizes $\sim$ 0.1 and 0.03 pc, respectively. The supersonic gas motion displayed by the branch structures is in agreement with the Larson power-law indicating that the gas kinematics at this spatial scale is driven by turbulence. The transition to transonic/subsonic gas motion is seen to occur at spatial scales of $\sim$0.1 pc indicating the dissipation of turbulence. In agreement with this, the leaf structures reveal gas motions that deviate from the slope of Larson's law. From the large-scale converging filaments to the collapsing cores, the gas dynamics in G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53 show scale-dependent dominance of turbulence and gravity and the combination of these two driving mechanisms needs to be invoked to explain massive star formation in the protoclusters.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Chinese expert consensus on Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of B-cell malignancies
Creators: name: Song, Yuqin
name: Wu, Shang-Ju
name: Shen, Zhixiang
name: Zhao, Donglu
name: Chan, Thomas Sau Yan
name: Huang, Huiqiang
name: Qiu, Lugui
name: Li, Jianyong
name: Tan, Tran-der
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Song, Yongping
name: Huang, Wei-Han
name: Zhao, Weili
name: Liu, Herman Sung Yu
name: Xu, Wei
name: Chen, Naizhi
name: Ma, Jun
name: Chang, Cheng-Shyong
name: Tse, Eric Wai Choi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Recommendations questionnaire
Natural Limits of Electroweak Model as Contraction of its Gauge Group
Creators: name: Gromov, Nikolay A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low and higher energy limits of the Electroweak Model are obtained from first principles of gauge theory. Both limits are given by the same contraction of the gauge group, but for the different consistent rescalings of the field space. Mathematical contraction parameter in both cases is interpreted as energy. The very weak neutrino-matter interactions is explained by zero tending contraction parameter, which depend on neutrino energy. The second consistent rescaling corresponds to the higher energy limit of the Electroweak Model. At the infinite energy all particles lose masses, electroweak interactions become long-range and are mediated by the neutral currents. The limit model represents the development of the early Universe from the Big Bang up to the end of the first second.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures. Based on the talk given at International Workshop on "`Symmetries, Special Functions and Superintegrability (S3)"', Valladolid, Spain, July 10 -- 11, 2014
Calculating $Δm_K$ with lattice QCD
Creators: name: Wang, Bigeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have completed a lattice QCD calculation of $Δm_K$, the mass difference between the long- and short-lived K mesons. The calculation was performed on a $64^3 \times 128$ lattice using 152 configurations with physical quark masses and an inverse lattice spacing of $1/a=2.36$ GeV. While the statistical error approaches a relatively small size of 9%, several sources of systematic errors may have more significant effects. In this paper we will address studies performed on smaller lattices to estimate the systematic errors in our result.
Oral Delivery of Lipid Nanoparticles with siRNA for the Treatment of Intestinal Diseases
Creators: name: Ball, Rebecca L.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Intestinal diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Recently, a number of proteins have been shown to be upregulated in the intestinal cells of patients that contribute to disease progression. Therefore, these diseases could be amenable to RNA interference technology (RNAi). Utilizing RNAi to deliver short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) to intestinal cells shows promise for the treatment of diseases by specifically suppressing the expression of disease relevant proteins. A class of lipid nanoparticles termed lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been shown previously to potently deliver siRNA to several cell types in vitro and in vivo. Here, we seek to establish the utility of lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) in the context of oral siRNA delivery to intestinal cells for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Initial in vitro studies demonstrated that the siRNA-loaded LNPs mediated potent, dose dependent, and durable gene silencing in Caco-2 intestinal cells without inducing significant cytotoxicity or altering intestinal barrier function. LNP stability studies revealed that LNPs in an aqueous buffer remained stable for long periods of time when stored in the refrigerator (2 °C) compared to the freezer (-20 °C) or at room temperature. In addition, LNPs remained stable upon lyophilization with the addition of trehalose or sucrose to the LNP solution before freeze-drying. To determine potential for oral LNP delivery, we studied LNP stability under gastrointestinal (GI) tract conditions. LNPs remained potent and stable following exposure to solutions of varied pH, including pH values as low as 1.2. However, efficacy decreased following exposure to increasing concentrations of pepsin and bile salts. Mouse oral biodistribution studies indicated that siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles were retained in the GI tract for at least 8 hours. Confocal microscopy confirmed that nanoparticles entered the epithelial cells of the mouse small intestine and colon. Oral LNP therapeutic efficacy was measured in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model by targeting the upregulated genes myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and Interleukin 18 receptor (IL18R) and were found to prevent some IBD disease progression. Lastly, a formulation for the co-delivery of siRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) was developed and it was discovered that a negatively charged polymer can be used to improve LNP efficacy. Together, these studies have advanced our knowledge of lipid nanoparticle stability, and potential as an orally delivered intestinal therapeutic.
Plasma heating and nanoflare caused by slow-mode wave in a coronal loop
Creators: name: Xia, Fanxiaoyu
name: Wang, Tongjiang
name: Su, Yang
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Zhang, Qingmin
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
name: Gan, Weiqun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of a reflecting intensity perturbation in a large coronal loop that appeared as sloshing oscillation and lasted for at least one and a half periods. The perturbation is initiated by a microflare at one footpoint of the loop, propagates along the loop and is eventually reflected at the remote footpoint where significant brightenings are observed in all the AIA extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) channels. This unique observation provides us with the opportunity to better understand not only the thermal properties and damping mechanisms of the sloshing oscillation, but also the energy transfer at the remote footpoint. Based on differential emission measures (DEM) analysis and the technique of coronal seismology, we find that 1) the calculated local sound speed is consistent with the observed propagation speed of the perturbation during the oscillation, which is suggestive of a slow magnetoacoustic wave; 2) thermal conduction is the major damping mechanism of the wave but additional damping mechanism such as anomalous enhancement of compressive viscosity or wave leakage is also required to account for the rapid decay of the observed waves; 3) the wave produced a nanoflare at the remote footpoint, with a peak thermal energy of $\thicksim10^{24}-10^{25}$ erg. This work provides a consistent picture of the magnetoacoustic wave propagation and reflection in a coronal loop, and reports the first solid evidence of a wave-induced nanoflare. The results reveal new clues for further simulation studies and may help solving the coronal heating problem.
description: 13pages, 5 figures; Accepted by ApJL
Exploring the dust content of galactic haloes with Herschel III. NGC 891
Creators: name: Martin, C.L.
name: Engelbracht, C.
name: Mueller, T.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Meléndez, M.
name: Yoon, J.H.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Gordon, K.D.
name: Veilleux, S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: We present deep far-infrared observations of the nearby edge-on galaxy NGC 891 obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The maps confirm the detection of thermal emission from the inner circumgalactic medium (halo) and spatially resolve a dusty superbubble and a dust spur (filament). The dust temperature of the halo component is lower than that of the disc but increases across a region of diameter ≈8.0 kpc extending at least 7.7 kpc vertically from one side of the disc, a region we call a superbubble because of its association with thermal X-ray emission and a minimum in the synchrotron scale height. This outflow is breaking through the thick disc and developing into a galactic wind, which is of particular interest because NGC 891 is not considered a starburst galaxy; the star formation rate surface density, 0.03 M⊙ yr-1 kpc-2, and gas fraction, just 10 per cent in the inner disc, indicate the threshold for wind formation is lower than previous work has suggested. We conclude that the star formation surface density is sufficient for superbubble blowout into the halo, but the cosmic ray electrons may play a critical role in determining whether this outflow develops into a fountain or escapes from the gravitational potential. The high dust-to-gas ratio in the dust spur suggests the material was pulled out of NGC 891 through the collision of a minihalo with the disc of NGC 891. We conclude that NGC 891 offers an example of both feedback and satellite interactions transporting dust into the halo of a typical galaxy.
Testing the molecular nature of $\bm{D_{s 0}^{\ast}(2317)}$ and $\bm{D_{0}^{\ast} (2400)}$ in semileptonic $\bm{B_s}$ and $\bm{B}$ decays
Creators: name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Nielsen, M.
name: Oset, E.
name: Sekihara, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the semileptonic $B_s$ and $B$ decays into the $D_{s 0}^{\ast} (2317)$ and $D_{0}^{\ast} (2400)$ resonances, respectively. With the help of a chiral unitarity model in coupled channels we compute the ratio of the decay widths of both processes. Using current values of the width for the $\bar{B}^{0} \to D_{0}^{\ast} (2400)^{+} \barν_{l} l^{-}$ decay we make predictions for the rate of the $\bar{B}_{s}^{0} \to D_{s0}^{\ast} (2317)^{+} \barν_{l} l^{-}$ decay.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, new references
The large-scale ionization cones in the galaxy
Creators: name: Sutherland, R.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Maloney, P.R.
name: Guglielmo, M.
name: Curzons, A.
name: Fox, A.J.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Groves, B.
name: Li, W.H.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2019

description: There is compelling evidence for a highly energetic Seyfert explosion (1056-57 erg) that occurred in the Galactic center a few million years ago. The clearest indications are the X-ray/γ-ray "10 kpc bubbles" identified by the ROSAT and Fermi satellites. In an earlier paper, we suggested another manifestation of this nuclear activity, i.e., elevated H emission along a section of the Magellanic Stream due to a burst (or flare) of ionizing radiation from Sgr A∗. We now provide further evidence for a powerful flare event: UV s absorption line ratios (in particular C IV/C II, Si IV/Si II) observed by the Hubble Space Telescope reveal that some Magellanic Stream clouds toward both galactic poles are highly ionized by a source capable of producing ionization energies up to at least 50 eV. We show how these are clouds caught in a beam of bipolar, radiative "ionization cones" from a Seyfert nucleus associated with Sgr A∗. In our model, the biconic axis is tilted by about 15° from the south Galactic pole with an opening angle of roughly 60°. For the Magellanic Stream at such large Galactic distances (D ≥ 75 kpc), nuclear activity is a plausible explanation for all of the observed signatures: elevated H? emission and H ionization fraction (xe ≥ 0.5), enhanced C IV/C II and Si IV/Si II ratios, and high C IV and Si IV column densities. Wind-driven "shock cones" are ruled out because the Fermi bubbles lose their momentum and energy to the Galactic corona long before reaching the Magellanic Stream. Our time-dependent Galactic ionization model (stellar populations, hot coronal gas, cloud-halo interaction) is too weak to explain the Magellanic Stream's ionization. Instead, the nuclear flare event must have had a radiative UV luminosity close to the Eddington limit ( fE ∼0.1-1). Our timedependent Seyfert flare models adequately explain the observations and indicate that the Seyfert flare event took place To=3.5±1 Myr ago. The timing estimates are consistent with the mechanical timescales needed to explain the X-ray/?-ray bubbles in leptonic jet/wind models (∼2-8 Myr).
Lopsided gas discs arising from mass inflow in barred spiral galaxies
Creators: name: Heitsch, F.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Dupuy, J.L.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: We explore numerically the effects of mass inflow on barred spiral galaxies in the context of high-velocity clouds accreting on to galactic discs. To assess whether such events are detectable, we quantify their effect on the disc's gas distribution by calculating the lopsidedness parameter A1, and by deriving position-velocity plots of HI emission. The impact of an accretion event strongly depends on the parameters of the high-velocity cloud. For cloud mass ≥107 Mθ, infall can have a lasting impact on the gaseous disc, with A1 ≳ 0.05 for ∼1.5 Gyr. We discuss the time-variability of the lopsidedness parameter and consequences for detecting gas infall. Accretion events will be marginally noticeable in position-velocity diagrams, again depending on cloud parameters. Our models provide a possible explanation for low-amplitude lopsidedness observed in galaxies without nearby companions.
Additional file 1 of Traditional medical practices for children in five islands from the Society archipelago (French Polynesia)
Creators: name: Chassagne, François
name: Butaud, Jean-François
name: Ho, Raimana
name: Conte, Eric
name: Hnawia, Édouard
name: Raharivelomanana, Phila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Informant Consensus Factor for health conditions cited more than 10 times.
Wide Field High Cadence CMB Survey Designs for Chilean Telescopes
Creators: name: Ebina, Haruki
name: Keskitalo, Reijo
name: Borrill, Julian
name: Choi, Steve K.
name: Kisner, Theodore
name: Naess, Sigurd
name: Niemack, Michael
name: Stevens, Jason R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new wide field survey strategies for Chilean Large Aperture Telescopes (LAT) measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which we call Sinusoidal Modulated High Cadence Survey Strategies. The strategies were developed during the process of optimizing LAT measurements for the CMB-S4, Simons Observatory, and CCAT-prime collaborations. Observing more than $f_{sky} \sim 0.5$, the telescope consistently achieves high observation efficiency, even with Sun-avoidance enabled. Classical azimuthal scan survey strategies observing fields of equal size suffer from problems of observation depth non-uniformity relative to declination and lack of crosslinking. The new survey strategies described here significantly improve both uniformity and crosslinking while also enabling higher cadence observations for time-domain astrophysics. Uniformity and crosslinking are improved by modulation of azimuthal angular velocity and sinusoidal elevation nods, respectively. In particular, there is nearly uniform observation depth and crosslinking is improved from total lack of crosslinking near -40 degree declination to clearing the strictest thresholds for crosslinking across the entire field. The simulated strategies are compared to the strategies used for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and previously studied Simons Observatory survey strategies.
description: 9 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2022
Quantification of Microstructural Evolution Using Moment Invariants
Creators: name: Nguyen, Lily T.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: The foundation of materials science is that certain aspects of a material's microstructure influence its properties; however, many of these relationships have not yet been established.
Additional file 2 of Traditional medical practices for children in five islands from the Society archipelago (French Polynesia)
Creators: name: Chassagne, François
name: Butaud, Jean-François
name: Ho, Raimana
name: Conte, Eric
name: Hnawia, Édouard
name: Raharivelomanana, Phila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Fidelity Level for plant species cited more than five times.
2D $F(R)$ gravity and AdS$_2$/CFT$_1$ correspondence
Creators: name: Nojiri, S.
name: Odintsov, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the canonical structure of 2D $F(R)$ gravity. Its equivalence with Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity is demonstrated when no matter presents. Then, due to AdS$_2$/CFT$_1$ correspondence, such $F(R)$ gravity is equivalent to the Sachdev-Ye--Kitaev models. The singular $D\to 2$ limit of $F(R)$ gravity is also studied. It is shown that in such a limit AdS$_2$/CFT$_1$ correspondence is not realized.
description: LaTeX 5 pages, to appear in EPL
Postures épistémologiques et choix méthodologiques en sciences sociales
Creators: name: El HASSANI Ihsane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Toute recherche scientifique repose sur un modèle cohérent, utilise une méthodologie et propose des résultats. En effet, la légitimité d'une recherche et sa sincérité sont tributaires d'une réflexion épistémologique. 
Définir donc une posture ou un paradigme épistémologique demeure une nécessité et le choix de la posture constitue l'épine dorsale de toute recherche car elle permet au chercheur de choisir sa méthodologie de recherche. Les paradigmes de la recherche en sciences sociales permettent d'appréhender et de connaître la réalité sociale. Les méthodologies scientifiques issues de ces paradigmes visent à produire des connaissances ou à chercher, observer et comprendre les comportements ainsi que les changements sociaux. 
Deux types de méthodologies de recherche sont privilégiées dans les sciences sociales, elles sont en fait opposées l'une de l'autre mais complémentaires. 
L'objet de cet article est d'éclaircir le concept de paradigme épistémologique, de présenter les approches sollicitées en sciences sociales et de montrer s'il est possible de les combiner pour réaliser une meilleure étude.     
L'étude comparative des différents courants de pensée en la matière montre qu'aucune méthode n'est plus scientifique que l'autre, et que la combinaison des deux méthodes peut s'avérer pertinente à bien des égards.
Numerical Nonlinear Robust Control with Applications to Humanoid Robots
Creators: name: Jiuguang  Wang
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robots would be much more useful if they could be more robust. Systems that can tolerate variability and uncertainty are called robust and the design of robust feedback controllers is a difficult problem that has been extensively studied for the past several decades. In this thesis, we aim to provide a quantitative measure of performance and robustness in control design under an optimization framework, producing controllers robust against parametric system uncertainties, external disturbances, and unmodeled dynamics. Under the H1 framework, we formulate the nonlinear robust control problem as a noncooperative, two-player, zero-sum, differential game, with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation as a necessary and sufficient condition for optimality. Through a spectral approximation scheme, we develop approximate algorithms to solve this differential game on the foundation of three ideas: global solutions through value function approximation, local solutions with trajectory optimization, and the use of multiple models to address unstructured uncertainties. Our goal is to introduce practical algorithms that are able to address complex system dynamics with high dimensionality, and aim to make a novel contribution to robust control by solving problems on a complexity scale untenable with existing approaches in this domain. We apply this robust control framework to the control of humanoid robots and manipulation in tasks such as operational space control and full-body push recovery.
Exploring the dust content of galactic winds with Herschel - II. Nearby dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Meléndez, M.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Veilleux, S.
name: Müller, T.
name: Engelbracht, C.
name: Rupke, D.S.N.
name: McCormick, A.
name: Martin, C.L.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Heitsch, F.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2018

description: We present the results from an analysis of deep Herschel Space Observatory observations of six nearby dwarf galaxies known to host galactic-scale winds. The superior far-infrared sensitivity and angular resolution of Herschel have allowed detection of cold circumgalactic dust features beyond the stellar components of the host galaxies traced by Spitzer 4.5 μm images. Comparisons of these cold dust features with ancillary data reveal an imperfect spatial correlation with the ionized gas and warm dust wind components. We find that typically ~10-20 per cent of the total dust mass in these galaxies resides outside of their stellar discs, but this fraction reaches ~60 per cent in the case of NGC 1569. This galaxy also has the largest metallicity (O/H) deficit in our sample for its stellar mass. Overall, the small number of objects in our sample precludes drawing strong conclusions on the origin of the circumgalactic dust.We detect no statistically significant trends with star formation properties of the host galaxies, as might be expected if the dust were lifted above the disc by energy inputs from ongoing star formation activity. Although a case for dust entrained in a galactic wind is seen in NGC 1569, in all cases, we cannot rule out the possibility that some of the circumgalactic dust might be associated instead with gas accreted or removed from the disc by recent galaxy interaction events, or that it is part of the outer gas-rich portion of the disc that lies below the sensitivity limit of the Spitzer 4.5 μm data.
Prospects of strongly lensed fast radio bursts: Simultaneous measurement of post-Newtonian parameter and Hubble constant
Creators: name: Gao, Ran
name: Li, Zhengxiang
name: Gao, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong gravitational lensing effect is a powerful tool to probe cosmological models and gravity theories. Recently, the time-delay cosmography from strong lensing and the stellar kinematics of the deflector, which encode the Hubble constant and the post-Newtonian parameter via two distance ratios reflecting the lensing mass and dynamical mass respectively, have been proposed to investigate these two parameters simultaneously. Among strong lensing systems with different sources, strongly lensed fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been proposed as precision probes of the universe since the time delay $\sim$ 10 days between images could be measured extremely precisely because of their short duration of a few milliseconds. In this work, we investigate the ability of strongly lensed FRBs on simultaneously estimating these two parameters via simulations. Take the expected FRB detection rate of upcoming facilities and lensing probability into consideration, it is likely to accumulate 10 lensed FRBs in several years and we find that $H_0$ could be determined to a $\sim1.5\%$ precision and $γ_{\rm PPN}$ could be constrained to a $\sim8.7\%$ precision simultaneously from them. These simultaneous estimations will be helpful for properly reflecting the possible correlation between these two fundamental parameters.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Three-Dimensional Magnetothermal Simulations of Magnetar Outbursts
Creators: name: De Grandis, Davide
name: Turolla, Roberto
name: Taverna, Roberto
name: Lucchetta, Elisa
name: Wood, Toby S.
name: Zane, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The defining trait of magnetars, the most strongly magnetized neutron stars (NSs), is their transient activity in the X/$γ$-bands. In particular, many of them undergo phases of enhanced emission, the so-called outbursts, during which the luminosity rises by a factor $\sim$10$-$1000 in a few hours to then decay over months/years. Outbursts often exhibit a thermal spectrum, associated with the appearance of hotter regions on the surface of the star, which subsequently change in shape and cool down. Here we simulate the unfolding of a sudden, localized heat injection in the external crust of a NS with a 3D magneto-thermal evolution code, finding that this can reproduce the main features of magnetar outbursts. A full 3D treatment allows us to study for the first time the inherently asymmetric hot-spots which appear on the surface of the star as the result of the injection and to follow the evolution of their temperature and shape. We investigate the effects produced by different physical conditions in the heated region, highlighting in particular how the geometry of the magnetic field plays a key role in determining the properties of the event.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Near-IR imaging of T Cha: evidence for scattered-light disk structures at solar system scales
Creators: name: Cheetham, A.
name: Huelamo, N.
name: Lacour, S.
name: de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.
name: Tuthill, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: T Chamaeleontis is a young star surrounded by a transitional disk, and a plausible candidate for ongoing planet formation. Recently, a substellar companion candidate was reported within the disk gap of this star. However, its existence remains controversial, with the counter-hypothesis that light from a high inclination disk may also be consistent with the observed data. The aim of this work is to investigate the origin of the observed closure phase signal to determine if it is best explained by a compact companion. We observed T Cha in the L and K s filters with sparse aperture masking, with 7 datasets covering a period of 3 years. A consistent closure phase signal is recovered in all L and K s datasets. Data were fit with a companion model and an inclined circumstellar disk model based on known disk parameters: both were shown to provide an adequate fit. However, the absence of expected relative motion for an orbiting body over the 3-year time baseline spanned by the observations rules out the companion model. Applying image reconstruction techniques to each dataset reveals a stationary structure consistent with forward scattering from the near edge of an inclined disk.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Coexistence of bulk-nodal and surface-nodeless Cooper pairings in a superconducting Dirac semimetal
Creators: name: Yang, Xian P.
name: Zhong, Yigui
name: Mardanya, Sougata
name: Cochran, Tyler A.
name: Chapai, Ramakanta
name: Mine, Akifumi
name: Zhang, Junyi
name: Sánchez-Barriga, Jaime
name: Cheng, Zi-Jia
name: Clark, Oliver J.
name: Yin, Jia- Xin
name: Blawat, Joanna
name: Cheng, Guangming
name: Belopolski, Ilya
name: Nagashima, Tsubaki
name: Sahand, Najafzadeh
name: Gao, Shiyuan
name: Yao, Nan
name: Bansil, Arun
name: Jin, Rongying
name: Chang, Tay-Rong
name: Shin, Shik
name: Okazaki, Kozo
name: Hasan, M. Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay of nontrivial topology and superconductivity in condensed matter physics gives rise to exotic phenomena. However, materials are extremely rare where it is possible to explore the full details of the superconducting pairing. Here, we investigate the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap distribution in a novel Dirac material PdTe. Using high resolution, low temperature photoemission spectroscopy, we establish it as a spin-orbit coupled Dirac semimetal with the topological Fermi arc crossing the Fermi level on the (010) surface. This spin-textured surface state exhibits a fully gapped superconducting Cooper pairing structure below Tc~4.5K. Moreover, we find a node in the bulk near the Brillouin zone boundary, away from the topological Fermi arc.These observations not only demonstrate the band resolved electronic correlation between topological Fermi arc states and the way it induces Cooper pairing in PdTe, but also provide a rare case where surface and bulk states host a coexistence of nodeless and nodal gap structures enforced by spin-orbit coupling.
description: accepted by PRL
Properties of the ρ Resonance from ππ Elastic Scattering and the Spectrum of Excited ρ Mesons Using the Stochastic LapH Method in Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Fahy, Brendan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusion of multi-meson operators allows lattice QCD calculations to extract energies of resonances above two-meson thresholds, as well as to study two-meson scattering. Previously, temporal correlations involving multi-hadron operators were difficult to evaluate due to contributions from quark propagators which begin and end on the same time slice.
Atomic-scale Modulation of Synthetic Magnetic Order in Oxide Superlattices
Creators: name: Jeong, Seung Gyo
name: Song, Sehwan
name: Park, Sungkyun
name: Lauter, Valeria
name: Choi, Woo Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic-scale precision control of magnetic interactions facilitates a synthetic spin order useful for spintronics, including advanced memory and quantum logic devices. Conventional modulation of synthetic spin order has been limited to metallic heterostructures that exploit RKKY interaction through a nonmagnetic metallic spacer; however, they face problems arising from Joule heating and/or electric breakdown. The practical realization and observation of a synthetic spin order across a nonmagnetic insulating spacer would lead to the development of spin-related devices with a completely different concept. Herein, we report the atomic-scale modulation of the synthetic spiral spin order in oxide superlattices composed of ferromagnetic metal and nonmagnetic insulator layers. The atomically controlled superlattice exhibit an oscillatory magnetic behavior, representing the existence of a spiral spin structure. Depth-sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry evidences modulated spiral spin structures as a function of the nonmagnetic insulator layer thickness. Atomic-scale customization of the spin state could lead the field one step further to actual spintronic applications.
description: 18 pages