cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neurobiology of incremental speech comprehension
Creators: name: Choi, Hun Seok
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: spatiotemporal neurodynamics
computational modelling of syntax and semantics
predictive processing

description: Understanding spoken language requires the rapid transition from perceptual processing of the auditory input through a variety of cognitive processes involved in constructing the mental representation of the message that the speaker is intending to convey. Listeners carry out these complex processes very rapidly and accurately as they hear each word incrementally unfolding in a sentence. However, little is known about the specific spatiotemporal patterning of this wide range of incremental processing operations that underpin the dynamic transitions from the speech input to the development of a meaning interpretation of an utterance. This thesis aims to address this set of issues by investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity as spoken sentences unfold over time in order to illuminate the neurocomputational properties of the human language processing system and determine how the representation of a spoken sentence develops incrementally as each upcoming word is heard. Using a novel application of multidimensional probabilistic modelling combined with models from computational linguistics, I developed models of a variety of computational processes associated with accessing and processing the syntactic and semantic properties of sentences and tested these models at various points as sentences unfolded over time. Since a wide range of incremental processes occur very rapidly during speech comprehension, it is crucial to keep track of the temporal dynamics of the neural computations involved. To do this, I used combined electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography (EMEG) to record neural activity with millisecond resolution and analyzed the recordings in source space using univariate and/or multivariate approaches. The results confirm the value of this combination of methods in examining the properties of incremental speech processing. My findings corroborate the predictive nature of human speech comprehension and demonstrate that the effects of early semantic constraint are not dependent on explicit syntactic knowledge.
Surface and capillary transitions in an associating binary mixture model
Creators: name: Romero-Enrique, J. M.
name: Rull, L. F.
name: Marconi, U. Marini Bettolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase diagram of a two-component associating fluid mixture in the presence of selectively adsorbing substrates. The mixture is characterized by a bulk phase diagram which displays peculiar features such as closed loops of immiscibility. The presence of the substrates may interfere the physical mechanism involved in the appearance of these phase diagrams, leading to an enhanced tendency to phase separate below the lower critical solution point. Three different cases are considered: a planar solid surface in contact with a bulk fluid, while the other two represent two models of porous systems, namely a slit and an array on infinitely long parallel cylinders. We confirm that surface transitions, as well as capillary transitions for a large area/volume ratio, are stabilized in the one-phase region. Applicability of our results to experiments reported in the literature is discussed.
description: 12 two-column pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review E; corrected version
Cosmic variance of $z>7$ galaxies: Prediction from BlueTides
Creators: name: Bhowmick, Aklant K.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: DiMatteo, Tiziana
name: Wilkins, Stephen
name: Feng, Yu
name: Tenneti, Ananth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the coming decade, a new generation of telescopes, including JWST and WFIRST, will probe the period of the formation of first galaxies and quasars, and open up the last frontier for structure formation. Recent simulations as well as observations have suggested that these galaxies are strongly clustered (with large scale bias $\gtrsim6$), and therefore have significant cosmic variance. In this work, we use \texttt{BlueTides}, the largest volume cosmological simulation of galaxy formation, to directly estimate the cosmic variance for current and upcoming surveys. Given its resolution and volume, \texttt{BlueTides} can probe the bias and cosmic variance of $z>7$ galaxies between magnitude $M_{UV}\sim-16$ to $M_{UV}\sim-22$ over survey areas $\sim0.1\ \mathrm{arcmin}^2$ to $\sim 10~\mathrm{deg}^2$. Within this regime, the cosmic variance decreases with survey area/ volume as a power law with exponents between $\sim-0.25$ to $\sim-0.45$. For the planned $10~\mathrm{deg}^2$ field of WFIRST, the cosmic variance is between $3\%$ to $10\%$. Upcoming JWST medium/ deep surveys with areas up to $A\sim100\ \mathrm{arcmin}^2$ will have cosmic variance ranging from $\sim 20-50\%$. Lensed surveys have the highest cosmic variance $\gtrsim 40\%$; the cosmic variance of $M_{UV}\lesssim-16$ galaxies is $\lesssim100\%$ up to $z\sim11$. At higher redshifts such as $z\sim12~(14)$, effective volumes of $\gtrsim(8~\mathrm{Mpc}/h)^3$ ($\gtrsim(12\ \mathrm{Mpc}/h)^3$) are required to limit the cosmic variance to within $100\%$. Finally, we find that cosmic variance is larger than Poisson variance and forms the dominant component of the overall uncertainty in all current and upcoming surveys. We present our calculations in the form of simple fitting functions and an online cosmic variance calculator (CV_AT_COSMIC_DAWN) which we publicly release.
High-resolution O VI absorption line observations at 1.2 < z < 1.7 in the bright QSO HE 0515-4414
Creators: name: Reimers, Dieter
name: Baade, Robert
name: Hagen, Hans-Juergen
name: Lopez, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: STIS Echelle observations at a resolution of 10 km/s and UVES/VLT spectroscopy at a resolution of 7 km/s of the luminous QSO HE 0515-4414 (z_em = 1.73, B = 15.0) reveal four intervening O VI absorption systems in the redshift range 1.2 < z_abs < 1.7 (1.38503, 1.41601, 1.60175, 1.67359). In addition two associated systems at z = 1.69707 and z = 1.73585 are present. For the first time high resolution observations allow to measure radial velocities of H I, C IV and O VI simultaneously in several absorption systems (1.385, 1.674, 1.697) with the result that significant velocity differences (up to 18 km/s) are observed between H I and O VI, while smaller differences (up to 5 km/s) are seen between C IV and O VI. We tentatively conclude that H I, O VI, and C IV are not formed in the same volumes and that therefore implications on ionization mechanisms are not possible from observed column density ratios O VI/H I or O VI/C IV. The number density of O VI absorbers with W_rest > 25 mA is dN/dz < 10, roughly a factor of 5 less than what has been found by Tripp at al. (2000) at low redshift. An estimate of the cosmological mass-density of the O VI-phase yields Omega_b(O VI) = 0.0003 h^{-1}_{75} for [O/H] = -1 and an assumed ionization fraction O VI/O = 0.2. This corresponds to an increase by roughly a factor of 15 between z = 1.5 (this work) and the value found by Tripp et al. (2000) at z = 0.21, if the same oxygen abundance [O/H] = -1 is assumed. Agreement with the simulations by Dave et al. (2001) can be obtained, if the oxygen abundance increases by a factor of 3 over the same redshift interval.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in A&A
Emission Line Ratios and Variations in Temperature and Ionization State in the Diffuse Ionized Gas of Five Edge-on Galaxies
Creators: name: Otte, B.
name: Gallagher, J. S.
name: Reynolds, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic observations of ionized gas in the disk-halo regions of five edge-on galaxies, covering a wavelength range from [OII] 3727A to [SII] 6716.4A. The inclusion of the [OII] emission provides additional constraints on the properties of the diffuse ionized gas (DIG), in particular, the origin of the observed spatial variations in the line intensity ratios. We have derived electron temperatures, ionization fractions and abundances along the slit. Our data include both slit positions parallel and perpendicular to the galactic disks. This allowed us to examine variations in the line intensity ratios with height above the midplane as well as distance from the galactic centers. The observed increase in the [OII]/Halpha line ratio towards the halo seems to require an increase in electron temperature caused by a non-ionizing heating mechanism. We conclude that gradients in the electron temperature can play a significant role in the observed variations in the optical emission line ratios from extraplanar DIG.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ, 43 pages including 26 figures
The mass renormalization of nonperturbative light-front Hamiltonian theory: An illustration using truncated, Pauli-Villars-regulated Yukawa interactions
Creators: name: Brodsky, S. J.
name: Hiller, J. R.
name: McCartor, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain analytic, nonperturbative, approximate solutions of Yukawa theory in the one-fermion sector using light-front quantization. The theory is regulated in the ultraviolet by the introduction of heavy Pauli-Villars scalar and fermion fields, each with negative norm. In order to obtain a directly soluble problem, fermion-pair creation and annihilation are neglected, and the number of bosonic constituents is limited to one of either type. We discuss some of the features of the wave function of the eigensolution, including its endpoint behavior and spin and orbital angular momentum content. The limit of infinite Pauli-Villars mass receives special scrutiny.
description: Revision includes new title, expanded introduction, and new Figs. 1 & 2
Nonlocality of the NN interaction in an effective field theory
Creators: name: Gainutdinov, Renat Kh.
name: Mutygullina, Aigul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate low energy nucleon dynamics in the effective field theory (EFT) of nuclear forces. In leading order of the two-nucleon EFT we show that nucleon dynamics is governed by the generalized dynamical equation with a nonlocal-in-time interaction operator. This equation is shown to open new possibilities for applying the EFT approach to the description of low energy nucleon dynamics.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX4
Additional file 2 of A mixed methods evaluation of a 4-week geriatrics curriculum in strengthening knowledge and comfort among orthopaedic surgery residents
Creators: name: Chan, Adrian C H
name: Chuen, Victoria
name: Perrella, Andrew
name: Limfat, Guillaume
name: Ng, Karen
name: Chau, Vicky
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: RES. Clean version of Orthogeriatrics RES.
Additional file 4: of Functional outcomes in adults with tuberculous meningitis admitted to the ICU: a multicenter cohort study
Creators: name: Cantier, Marie
name: Morisot, Adeline
name: Guérot, Emmanuel
name: Megarbane, Bruno
name: Razazi, Keyvan
name: Contou, Damien
name: Mariotte, Eric
name: Canet, Emmanuel
name: De Montmollin, Etienne
name: Dubée, Vincent
name: Boulet, Eric
name: Gaudry, Stéphane
name: Voiriot, Guillaume
name: Mayaux, Julien
name: Pène, Frédéric
name: Neuville, Mathilde
name: Mourvillier, Bruno
name: Ruckly, Stéphane
name: Bouadma, Lila
name: Wolff, Michel
name: Timsit, Jean-François
name: Sonneville, Romain
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Table S3. Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with poor functional outcomes. (DOCX 17 kb)
Loimia salazari Londono-Mesa & Carrera-Parra 2005
Creators: name: Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Terebellidae
Loimia
Loimia salazari

description: Loimia salazari Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005
 Loimia salazari Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005:19–21; Figs 5 A-G.
 Type material: Holotype ECOSUR 055 Xcacel, Mexican Caribbean (20°20'17.2"N 87°20'50.6"W), 31.VII.1995, 1m. Paratypes: NHM 2009.3 - 4 Turpialito, Cumana, Venezuela, III.2002. NHM 2009.7 - 8 Turpialito, Cumana, Venezuela, III.2002.
 Additional material: Antilles: AMNH 2817 (1) Nassau, Bahamas, 23.VI.1914 (as Polymnia (Terebella) magnifica Webster, 1884). ECOSUR TERE-26 (1) Los Testigos, Margarita Island, Venezuela, 10.VI.1961. TERE-26 (1) Cubagua Island, Venezuela, 11.II.1961.
 Diagnosis: Holotype complete, 155 segments, 221mm long; thorax 55mm long, 10mm wide. Eyespots absent. Branchiae branched and spiralled, decreasing in length posteriorly. Nephridial papillae absent. Eighteen ventral shields from segment 2. Notochaetae of two lengths, longer chaetae narrowly bilimbate, shorter chaetae smooth, alimbate. Uncini pectinate, thoracic larger than abdominal ones, with three teeth above MF, and well-developed PP with thin PF; abdominal uncini with 4 teeth, small PP, and long PF. Pygidium with about 14 small papillae.
 Staining pattern: First lateral lappet stains solidly, except for narrow pale band along entire margin. Ventral shields stain deeply, with lateral edges pale, and first shield darker than others; notopodial glandular tissue stains equally deep from segment 2 to the end of the thorax. The remaining structures remain pale.
 Variations: This species can be large, thus, they are commonly fragmented because of their fragile bodies. Specimens from Venezuela were incomplete, with thorax 50mm long and 10mm wide. They also had 12 swollen ventral shields from segment 2. The last pair of thoracic neuropodia appeared ventrally close to each other (separated by 0.4mm).
 Discussion: A full description of the species was provided by Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra (2005). This species is easily recognized by the presence of uncini with long posterior process and well-developed posterior filament, and the large size of the body and of the presence of the second lateral lappets, not seen in any other Loimia species. This report expands the original distribution of the species to the northern Caribbean, in Bahamas, and to the south-eastern Caribbean to Los Testigos and Cubagua Islands, near Margarita Island, in Venezuela. Probably many specimens identified as Loimia medusa in the Caribbean belong to this species; unfortunately, they are only listed, without descriptive information about the type of uncini or sizes.
 Type locality: Xcacel, Mexican Caribbean.
 Distribution: Bahamas, Mexican Caribbean, Venezuela.
description: Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5316176
Additional file 3 of Cloning and molecular characterization of Triticum aestivum ornithine amino transferase (TaOAT) encoding genes
Creators: name: Anwar, Alia
name: She, Maoyun
name: Wang, Ke
name: Ye, Xingguo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Sequences of interacting proteins.
Additional file 1 of A mixed methods evaluation of a 4-week geriatrics curriculum in strengthening knowledge and comfort among orthopaedic surgery residents
Creators: name: Chan, Adrian C H
name: Chuen, Victoria
name: Perrella, Andrew
name: Limfat, Guillaume
name: Ng, Karen
name: Chau, Vicky
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: ITER. Clean version of Orthogeriatrics ITER.
The Contribution of APP gene dosage to the molecular phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease in human trisomy 21 neurons
Creators: name: Momoh, Ayiba
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease
Down syndrome
Down's syndrome
Trisomy 21
Dementia
Stem cells
Neurodegeneration
Neuroscience
APP
Tau

description: Down syndrome is a condition caused by trisomy 21 and occurs in 1 out of 700 births. People with trisomy 21 are high risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease that causes approximately 65% of dementia. People with trisomy 21 develop Alzheimer’s disease pathologies by age 30, and about 80% have dementia by the age of 65. Having three copies of the APP gene, which resides on Chr 21 is attributed to the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in trisomy 21, supported by APP locus duplication which is fully penetrant for early onset familial Alzheimer's disease. However, not everyone with trisomy 21 develops clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In this thesis, human PSCs were differentiated into cortical neurons to study the cellular phenotypes associated with Alzheimer’s disease in vitro. To investigate the penetrance of the molecular phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease pathologies, I reprogrammed dermal fibroblasts from six people with trisomy 21 into iPSC, which were differentiated into cortical neurons. I discovered that trisomy 21 neurons were fully penetrant for Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes, displaying altered APP processing and changes in tau biology. To study the contribution of increased APP dosage to AD-related phenotypes, CRISPR Cas9 was used to introduce out of frame mutations to disrupt the reading frame of mRNA in one copy of the APP gene, and I discovered that three functional copies of the APP gene are required to cause AD phenotypes in trisomy 21 neurons. I found that the extra copy of the APP gene contributed to enlarged early endosomes and impaired autophagic degradation, which I replicated by overexpressing APP T719F; a form of APP resistant to gamma-secretase cleavage. In summary, having three copies of chromosome 21 is causal and fully penetrant for AD-related phenotypes in vitro. In trisomy 21 neurons, APP dosage contributed to the molecular phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease and the dysregulation of lysosomal degradation pathways, which provides a cellular mechanism for tau accumulation. These results signify an important role for APP in mediating Alzheimer’s disease progression in the context of trisomy 21.
description: Wellcome Trust
On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve
Creators: name: Seager, Sara
name: Mallen-Ornelas, Gabriela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a unique solution of the planet and star parameters from a planet transit light curve with two or more transits if the planet has a circular orbit and the light curve is observed in a band pass where limb darkening is negligible. The existence of this unique solution is very useful for current planet transit surveys for several reasons. First, there is an analytic solution that allows a quick parameter estimate, in particular of Rp. Second, the stellar density can be uniquely derived from the transit light curve alone. The stellar density can be used to immediately rule out a giant star (and hence a much larger than planetary companion) and can also be used to put an upper limit on the stellar and planet radius even considering slightly evolved stars. Third, the presence of an additional fully blended star that contaminates an eclipsing system to mimic a planet transit can be largely ruled out from the transit light curve given a spectral type for the central star. Fourth, the period can be estimated from a single-transit light curve and a measured spectral type. All of these applications can be used to select the best planet transit candidates for mass determination by radial velocity follow-up. To use these applications in practice, the photometric precision and time sampling of the light curve must be high (better than 0.005 mag precision and 5 minute time sampling).
description: 26 pages incl. 11 figs, submitted to ApJ
Homogeneous enhancement of electric near-field in all-dielectric metasurfaces composed of cluster-based unit cells
Creators: name: Kupriianov, Anton S.
name: Domina, Kateryna L.
name: Khardikov, Vyacheslav V.
name: Evlyukhin, Andrey B.
name: Tuz, Vladimir R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to construct a dielectric analog of spaser, we study theoretically and experimentally several configurations of cluster-based unit cells for an all-dielectric metasurface characterized by resonant conditions of the trapped mode excitation. Excitation of the trapped mode is realized by either specific displacement of particles in the cluster, or perturbation of the equidistantly spaced particles by off-centered round holes or coaxial-sector notches. It turns out that the latter approach is more advantageous for enhancement of electric near-field with homogeneous distribution in-plane of the structure and its strong localization outside the high-refractive-index dielectric particles. This feature opens prospects for realization of highly desirable subwavelength flat lasing structures based on strong near-field interaction with substances exhibiting pronounced nonlinear characteristics and properties of gain media.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Neoamphitrite Hessle 1917
Creators: name: Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Terebellidae
Neoamphitrite

description: Neoamphitrite Hessle, 1917
Hessle, 1917:178–179, Textfig. 43.— Hartmann-Schröder, 1996:514.— Hilbig, 2000:260.
 Type species: Amphitrite affinis Malmgren, 1866, by original designation.
 Diagnosis: Branchiae on segments 2–4, with distinct stalks; eyespots absent; lateral lappets on segment 3; ventral shields from segment 2; nephridial papillae may be present from segments 3–10; 17–39 pairs of notopodia from segment 4, chaetae distally serrated; neuropodia from segment 5, uncini avicular in single rows from segments 5–10; thereafter in double rows, arranged face to face, up to end of the thorax, then again in single rows.
 Remarks: This genus is similar to Amphitrite, with the only difference being the presence of stalked branchiae in the former. Thus, since this is the only difference, these two genera need to be revised together (Hutchings & Glasby, 1988). Nine species are valid (Holthe, 1986b). A tenth species was recently described from the Grand Caribbean (Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005). This is the only species described in this region, although N. affinis (Malmgren, 1866) described from Spitsbergen, Artic Ocean, and N. edwardsi (de Quatrefages, 1865), from St. Vaast, France, have been also reported (Salazar-Vallejo, 1996). The main differences between species in the genus are the number of pairs of nephridial papillae, the number of lateral lappets, and the number of pairs of notopodia. Eight species have been described from subtropical waters (North Europe and North Pacific Ocean), and only three from tropical waters (Malay Archipelago and Caribbean Sea). Nevertheless, the difference between the two tropical species is that N. sibogae (Caullery, 1944), from the Malay Archipelago, was described from deep water (538m), like those from non-tropical waters which are also found in deep water, while N. glasbyi Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005, was described from the Mexican Caribbean in shallow water (23–59m). Other species from shallow waters in the Caribbean have been reported by Kritzler (1984): N. edwardsi (29–30m), and Neoamphitrite sp. A. (12m).
description: Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5316176
Stability and Decay Rates of Non-Isotropic Attractive Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Huepe, C.
name: Tuckerman, L. S.
name: Metens, S.
name: Brachet, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Isotropic Attractive Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated with Newton and inverse Arnoldi methods. The stationary solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and their linear stability are computed. Bifurcation diagrams are calculated and used to find the condensate decay rates corresponding to macroscopic quantum tunneling, two-three body inelastic collisions and thermally induced collapse. Isotropic and non-isotropic condensates are compared. The effect of anisotropy on the bifurcation diagram and the decay rates is discussed. Spontaneous isotropization of the condensates is found to occur. The influence of isotropization on the decay rates is characterized near the critical point.
description: revtex4, 11 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. A
A hardness of approximation result in metric geometry
Creators: name: Brady, Zarathustra
name: Guth, Larry
name: Manin, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that it is $\mathsf{NP}$-hard to approximate the hyperspherical radius of a triangulated manifold up to an almost-polynomial factor.
description: 21 pages, final version to appear in Selecta Math
MOESM2 of The effectiveness of prescription drug monitoring programs at reducing opioid-related harms and consequences: a systematic review
Creators: name: Rhodes, Emily
name: Wilson, Maria
name: Robinson, Alysia
name: Hayden, Jill
name: Asbridge, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Illicit and problematic opioid use. Table S2. Opioid-related care outcomes. Table S3. Opioid-related adverse events. Table S4. Opioid-related legal and crime outcomes.
The pursuit of a good life in a developing place: a human-centred study among vulnerable migrants in São Paulo-Brazil
Creators: name: Khoury, Aline
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: South-South migration
multiculturalism
Capability Approach
migrants in Sao Paulo
mobility rights
cultural rights
agency
migration in Brazil

description: This thesis deals with the perceptions of migrants facing vulnerability about the changes in their lives after migrating to a developing context, especially in terms of their agency, fundamental rights and cultural liberty. It emphasises the need to focus more on the impacts of migration on the individuals migrating, and not simply on the impacts on the economies of their places of origin and destination. To further explore this human-centred dimension of migration, the thesis’ theoretical framework is grounded in Amartya Sen’s line of the Capability Approach (CA), adding some contributions from a rights-based approach (Benhabib, & Sassen) and a hybrid multiculturalist framework (Fry & Sansone) in order to advance the discussions on transnational rights and cultural rights raised by Sen and the CA. The context chosen to develop the research was Brazil owing to its contributions to both capability and migration studies, since its particular approach to transnational rights and to multiculturalism brings innovative ways to rethink current international debates in these fields. Following the theoretical framework indicated, the thesis analyses the main findings of a fieldwork with mixed methods (qualitative + quantitative) held with a hundred Latin American and African migrants temporarily living in two charity houses in São Paulo, addressing the key research question of how they perceive changes in their lives after having migrated, in terms of agency, basic rights and cultural liberty. Considering the main needs and difficulties observed during the fieldwork, the thesis concludes with policy recommendations to tackle these challenges.
Online supplemental material to: High-Fiber Diet or Combined With Acarbose Alleviates Heterogeneous Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Regulating Gut Microbiota
Creators: name: Wang, Xuejiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Materials
Light-sheet microscopy used for tracking particles
Creators: name: Russell, Craig Terence
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: light-sheet
microscopy
pose-estimation
optical projection tomography
particle tracking
spt
fluorescence

description: Fluorescence microscopy is one of the cornerstones of modern biology but has generally been limited to 2D culture dishes. Light-sheet microscopy, a recent advance which was awarded Nature Method of the Year in 2014, allows fast, non-invasive 3D imaging across an entire organism. This works by decoupling illumination and detection such that the microscope only illuminates a thin section of tissue at a time. By scanning this light-sheet through an organism we can image in 3D, more quickly and with less damage than other techniques such as confocal microscopy. In this work, a custom digitally scanned light-sheet microscope was built, for which the technology was applied and developed to enable two biological studies: the study of material properties of developing embryos and the tracking of virus particles in live cells. In addition to designing and constructing a light-sheet fluorescence microscope, several technological improvements were also investigated to better address these biological questions. The first was a three-dimensional region-of-interest technique which greatly simplifies volumetric imaging calibration whilst also being more robust, with an observed 42% improvement in light collection efficiency compared to current approaches. The projective mathematical theory, used in this technique, was then applied to optical projection tomography to produce a new triangulation-based reconstruction algorithm that is robust to affine sample motion, including mechanical jitter and systematic drift. The second improvement for light-sheet microscopy builds upon confocal slit scanning, a technique used to increase image contrast whilst doubling the acquisition time for a single image. By exploiting the acquisition procedure for confocal slit scanning, full speed imaging with the same increased contrast was realised. Finally an open-hardware solution for multi-scale sample mounting was produced. These improvements to speed, contrast and acquisition speed in the light-sheet microscope allowed us to address the biological questions of interest.
description: EPSRC - Integrated Photonics and Electronics CDT
MOESM1 of The effectiveness of prescription drug monitoring programs at reducing opioid-related harms and consequences: a systematic review
Creators: name: Rhodes, Emily
name: Wilson, Maria
name: Robinson, Alysia
name: Hayden, Jill
name: Asbridge, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search Strategy.
Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters II: Defining Cluster Populations
Creators: name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Gallagher, John S.
name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents quantitative techniques for studying, in an unbiased manner, the photometric and structural properties of galaxies in clusters, including a means to identify likely background objects in the absence of redshift information. We develop self-consistent and reproducible measurements of fundamental properties of galaxies such as radius, surface brightness, concentration of light and structural asymmetry. We illustrate our techniques through an application to deep UBR images, taken with the WIYN 3.5m telescope, of the central ~173 arcmin^2 (or 0.3 Mpc * 0.3 Mpc) of the cluster Abell 0146 (Perseus). Our techniques allow us to study the properties of the galaxy population in the center of Perseus down to M_B = -11. Using these methods, we describe and characterize a well-defined relation between absolute magnitude and surface brightness for galaxy cluster members across the entire range of galaxy luminosity from M_B = -20 to M_B = -11. The galaxies that are assigned by our techniques to the background show no such tight relationship between apparent magnitude and surface brightness, with the exception of those we identify as being members of a background cluster of galaxies at z ~ 0.55. We, however, find that at the fainter magnitudes, M_B > -16, there is a large scatter about the underlying color--magnitude relation defined by the brighter galaxies. Our analysis also indicates that the vast majority of Perseus galaxies are `normal', with little evidence for features associated with evolution; we however discuss the detailed properties of a handful of unusual galaxies. Finally, the galaxy luminosity function of the Perseus cluster center is computed, with a derived faint end slope of alpha = -1.44+/-0.04, similar to values found in other nearby clusters.
description: Accepted on Feb. 2, 2002 to the Astronomical Journal
Additional file 3 of A mixed methods evaluation of a 4-week geriatrics curriculum in strengthening knowledge and comfort among orthopaedic surgery residents
Creators: name: Chan, Adrian C H
name: Chuen, Victoria
name: Perrella, Andrew
name: Limfat, Guillaume
name: Ng, Karen
name: Chau, Vicky
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Interview Questionnaires. List of interview questions for study participants.
Where Are We? Using Scopus to Map the Literature at the Intersection Between Artificial Intelligence and Research on Crime
Creators: name: Campedelli, Gian Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications has spread over many scientific disciplines. Scientists have tested the power of intelligent algorithms developed to predict (or learn from) natural, physical and social phenomena. This also applies to crime-related research problems. Nonetheless, studies that map the current state of the art at the intersection between AI and crime are lacking. What are the current research trends in terms of topics in this area? What is the structure of scientific collaboration when considering works investigating criminal issues using machine learning, deep learning, and AI in general? What are the most active countries in this specific scientific sphere? Using data retrieved from the Scopus database, this work quantitatively analyzes 692 published works at the intersection between AI and crime employing network science to respond to these questions. Results show that researchers are mainly focusing on cyber-related criminal topics and that relevant themes such as algorithmic discrimination, fairness, and ethics are considerably overlooked. Furthermore, data highlight the extremely disconnected structure of co-authorship networks. Such disconnectedness may represent a substantial obstacle to a more solid community of scientists interested in these topics. Additionally, the graph of scientific collaboration indicates that countries that are more prone to engage in international partnerships are generally less central in the network. This means that scholars working in highly productive countries (e.g. the United States, China) tend to mostly collaborate domestically. Finally, current issues and future developments within this scientific area are also discussed.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, pre-print (currently R&R in JCSS)
Efficient low-order refined preconditioners for high-order matrix-free continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods
Creators: name: Pazner, Will
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we design preconditioners for the matrix-free solution of high-order continuous and discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of elliptic problems based on FEM-SEM equivalence and additive Schwarz methods. The high-order operators are applied without forming the system matrix, making use of sum factorization for efficient evaluation. The system is preconditioned using a spectrally equivalent low-order ($p=1$) finite element operator discretization on a refined mesh. The low-order refined mesh is anisotropic and not shape regular in the polynomial degree of the high-order operator, requiring specialized solvers to treat the anisotropy. We make use of an element-structured, geometric multigrid V-cycle with ordered ILU(0) smoothing. The preconditioner is parallelized through an overlapping additive Schwarz method that is robust in $h$ and $p$. The method is extended to interior penalty and BR2 discontinuous Galerkin discretizations, for which it is also robust in the size of the penalty parameter. Numerical results are presented on a variety of examples, verifying the uniformity of the preconditioner.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
MOESM6 of Individual variation of the masticatory system dominates 3D skull shape in the herbivory-adapted marsupial wombats
Creators: name: Weisbecker, Vera
name: Guillerme, Thomas
name: Cruise Speck
name: Sherratt, Emma
name: Hyab Abraha
name: Sharp, Alana
name: Terhune, Claire
name: Collins, Simon
name: Johnston, Stephen
name: Panagiotopoulou, Olga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. A detailed description of the landmark variation test we used, corresponding to the text of a vignette for the landvR package. A generalized description, tutorial, and worked examples can also be found on https://github.com/TGuillerme/landvR .
Evidence for Factorization in Three-body B --> D(*) K- K0 Decays
Creators: name: Chua, Chun-Khiang
name: Hou, Wei-Shu
name: Shiau, Shiue-Yuan
name: Tsai, Shang-Yuu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental results, we use a factorization approach to study the three-body B --> D(*) K- K0 decay modes. Two mechanisms are proposed for kaon pair production: current-produced (from vacuum) and transition (from B meson). The Bbar0 --> D(*)+ K- K0 decay is governed solely by the current-produced mechanism. As the kaon pair can be produced only by the vector current, the matrix element can be extracted from e+ e- --> K Kbar processes via isospin relations. The decay rates obtained this way are in good agreement with experiment. Both current-produced and transition processes contribute to B- --> D(*)0 K- K0 decays. By using QCD counting rules and the measured B- --> D(*)0 K- K0 decay rates, the measured decay spectra can be understood.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Extracellular vesicles originating from autophagy mediate an antibody-resistant spread of classical swine fever virus in cell culture
Creators: name: Wang, Tao
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Liang, Wulong
name: Liu, Shanchuan
name: Deng, Wen
name: Liu, Yangruiyu
name: Liu, Yaru
name: Song, Mengzhao
name: Guo, Kangkang
name: Zhang, Yanming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Free spread is a classical mode for mammalian virus transmission. However, the efficiency of this transmission approach is generally low as there are structural barriers or immunological surveillances in the extracellular environment under physiological conditions. In this study, we systematically analyzed the spreading of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) using multiple viral replication analysis in combination with antibody neutralization, transwell assay, and electron microscopy, and identified an extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated spreading of CSFV in cell cultures. In this approach, intact CSFV virions are enclosed within EVs and transferred into uninfected cells with the movement of EVs, leading to an antibody-resistant infection of the virus. Using fractionation assays, immunostaining, and electron microscopy, we characterized the CSFV-containing EVs and demonstrated that the EVs originated from macroautophagy/autophagy. Taken together, our results showed a new spreading mechanism for CSFV and demonstrated that the EVs in CSFV spreading are closely related to autophagy. These findings shed light on the immune evasion mechanisms of CSFV transmission, as well as new functions of cellular vesicles in virus lifecycles. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8; CSF: classical swine fever; CQ: chloroquine; CSFV: classical swine fever virus; DAPI, 4-,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EVs: extracellular vesicles; hpi: h post infection; IEM: immunoelectron microscopy; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MVs: microvesicles; ND50: half neutralizing dose; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TEM: transmission electron microscopy.
Recreation Survey Response Data: Patterns and Problems
Creators: name: Shonkwiler, J. Scott
name: Barfield, Ashley
name: Shonkwiler, J. Scott
name: Barfield, Ashley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Survey response data
subject: excess zeros
subject: recall bias
subject: negative binomial

description: Systematic biases in reporting past behavior may compromise the methods used to derive values from revealed preference data. Recreational survey response data is routinely plagued by three problems: an abundance of zeros due to non-participation (the “excess-zero” problem), response “heaping”, and “leaping” of responses (issues resulting from recall bias). To simultaneously address these issues in the discrete data context, we consider several different specifications of the negative binomial estimator of recreation demand. We find that the negative binomial model’s fit is significantly improved by reassigning heaped responses to censored regimes where reported trip numbers form the intervals’ upper-bounds. To this end, we illustrate how employing the incomplete beta function to represent the cumulative distribution function of the negative binomial distribution simplifies the incorporation of censored intervals.
Subaru optical observations of the old pulsar PSR B0950+08
Creators: name: Zharikov, S. V.
name: Shibanov, Yu. A.
name: Koptsevich, A. B.
name: Kawai, N.
name: Urata, Y.
name: Komarova, V. N.
name: Sokolov, V. V.
name: Shibata, S.
name: Shibazaki, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the B band optical observations of an old (17.5 Myr) radiopulsar PSR B0950+08 obtained with the Suprime-Cam at the Subaru telescope. We detected a faint object, B=27.07(16). Within our astrometrical accuracy it coincides with the radio position of the pulsar and with the object detected earlier by Pavlov et al. (1996) in UV with the HST/FOC/F130LP. The positional coincidence and spectral properties of the object suggest that it is the optical counterpart of PSR B0950+08. Its flux in the B band is two times higher than one would expect from the suggested earlier Rayleigh-Jeans interpretation of the only available HST observations in the adjacent F130LP band. Based on the B and F130LP photometry of the suggested counterpart and on the available X-ray data we argue in favour of nonthermal origin of the broad-band optical spectrum of PSR B0950+08, as it is observed for the optical emission of the younger, middle-aged pulsars PSR B0656+14 and Geminga. At the same time, the optical efficiency of PSR B0950+08, estimated from its spin-down power and the detected optical flux, is by several orders of magnitude higher than for these pulsars, and comparable with that for the much younger and more energetic Crab pulsar. We cannot exclude the presence of a compact, about 1'', faint pulsar nebula around PSR B0950+08, elongated perpendicular to the vector of its proper motion, unless it is not a projection of a faint extended object on the pulsar position.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX, aa.cls style, 5 PS figures, submitted to A&A. Image is available in FITS format at http://www.ioffe.rssi.ru/astro/NSG/obs/0950-subaru