cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Prior Art Search and Reranking for Generated Patent Text
Creators: name: Lee, Jieh-Sheng
name: Hsiang, Jieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative models, such as GPT-2, have demonstrated impressive results recently. A fundamental question we'd like to address is: where did the generated text come from? This work is our initial effort toward answering the question by using prior art search. The purpose of the prior art search is to find the most similar prior text in the training data of GPT-2. We take a reranking approach and apply it to the patent domain. Specifically, we pre-train GPT-2 models from scratch by using the patent data from the USPTO. The input for the prior art search is the patent text generated by the GPT-2 model. We also pre-trained BERT models from scratch for converting patent text to embeddings. The steps of reranking are: (1) search the most similar text in the training data of GPT-2 by taking a bag-of-word ranking approach (BM25), (2) convert the search results in text format to BERT embeddings, and (3) provide the final result by ranking the BERT embeddings based on their similarities with the patent text generated by GPT-2. The experiments in this work show that such reranking is better than ranking with embeddings alone. However, our mixed results also indicate that calculating the semantic similarities among long text spans is still challenging. To our knowledge, this work is the first to implement a reranking system to identify retrospectively the most similar inputs to a GPT model based on its output.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Solid-liquid phase coexistence and structural transitions in palladium clusters
Creators: name: Schebarchov, D.
name: Hendy, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use molecular dynamics with an embedded atom potential to study the behavior of palladium nanoclusters near the melting point in the microcanonical ensemble. We see transitions from both fcc and decahedral ground state structures to icosahedral structures prior to melting over a range of cluster sizes. In all cases this transition occurs during solid-liquid phase coexistence and the mechanism for the transition appears to be fluctuations in the molten fraction of the cluster and subsequent recrystallization into the icosahedral structure.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
The Economics of Climate Policy
Creators: name: Kolstad, Charles D.
name: Toman, Michael
name: Kolstad, Charles D.
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: climate policy design
subject: integrated assessment
subject: environmental policy coordination

description: Economics has played an increasingly important role in shaping policy, in the United States and elsewhere. This paper reviews some of the dimensions of the economic approach to analyzing, understanding, and developing solutions to the problem of climate change. We then turn to the issue of designing regulatory instruments to control the problem. The paper concludes with a discussion of the political economy of greenhouse gas control in an international context.
Dynamical multistability in high-finesse micromechanical optical cavities
Creators: name: Marquardt, Florian
name: Harris, J. G. E.
name: Girvin, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the nonlinear dynamics of a high-finesse optical cavity in which one mirror is mounted on a flexible mechanical element. We find that this system is governed by an array of dynamical attractors, which arise from phase-locking between the mechanical oscillations of the mirror and the ringing of the light intensity in the cavity. We describe an analytical approximation to map out the diagram of attractors in parameter space, derive the slow amplitude dynamics of the system, including thermally activated hopping between different attractors, and suggest a scheme for exploiting the dynamical multistability in the measurement of small displacements.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
EMERGE: Constraining merging probabilities and timescales of close galaxy pairs
Creators: name: O'Leary, Joseph A.
name: Moster, Benjamin P.
name: Krämer, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical models are vital for exploring the galaxy merger process, which plays a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies. Recent advances in modelling have placed tight constraints on the buildup of stellar material in galaxies across cosmic time. Despite these successes, extracting the merger rates from observable data remains a challenge. Differences in modelling techniques, combined with limited observational data, drive conflicting conclusions on the merging timescales of close pairs. We employ an empirical model for galaxy formation that links galaxy properties to the growth of simulated dark matter halos, along with mock lightcone galaxy catalogues, to probe the dependencies of pair merging probabilities and merging timescales. In this work, we demonstrate that the pair merging probabilities are best described by a logistic function and that mean merging timescales can be well approximated by a linear relation in the projected separation and line of sight velocity difference in observed pairs. Together, our fitting formulae can accurately predict merger rates from galaxy pairs to at least $z\sim4$ under a wide variety of pair selection criteria. Additionally, we show that some commonly used pair selection criteria may not represent a suitable sample of galaxies to reproduce underlying merger rates. Finally, we conclude from our analysis that observation timescales are primarily driven by dynamics and are not strongly impacted by the star formation properties of the component galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS accepted version
Ökumenische Universitätsinstitute, Reform und Anerkennung kirchlicher Ämter
Creators: name: Gassmann, Günther
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 3
Energetics of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray nuclei
Creators: name: Jiang, Yu
name: Zhang, B. Theodore
name: Murase, Kohta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energetics of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) generated in the universe is crucial for pinning down their candidate sources. Using the recent Auger data on UHECR spectra, we calculate the UHECR energy generation rate density for different species of nuclei at the injection, considering intermediate and heavy nuclei as well as protons, through scanning over source parameters on the spectral index, maximum energy and redshift evolution. We find the resulting UHECR energy generation rate density to be $\approx(0.2-2)\times$10$^{44}$~erg~Mpc$^{-3}$~yr$^{-1}$ at $10^{19.5}$~eV with a nontrivial dependence on the spectral index. Nuclei other than protons and irons favor hard spectral indices at the injection, and the required value of energy budget is smaller for intermediate nuclei. Given significant uncertainties in hadronic interaction models and astrophysical models for the Galactic-extragalactic transition, our results can be regarded as conservative. The composition data on $X_{\rm max}$ give additional constraints, but the results are consistent within the model uncertainties.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in PRD. Results and conclusions unchanged
An analysis of historic (1908-1967) whaling records from British Columbia, Canada
Creators: name: Gregr, Edward James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Analysis of data recorded from 24,862 whales killed by British Columbia coastal whaling stations between 1908 and 1967 revealed trends in the abundance, sex ratios, age structure and the distance from shore of sperm (Physeter macrocephalus), sei (Balaenoptera borealis), fin (Balaenoptera physalus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and blue (Balaenoptera musculus) whales. Trends in the relationships between records of where the whales were killed (n=l 0,275) and a simple oceanographic model were used to build generalized linear models, from which predictions of whale habitat were generated. The catch data were analyzed using annual and monthly mean values. Monthly and annual variation in whaling effort was deduced from accounts of the history of British Columbia coastal whaling, and biases arising from changes in effort were considered in the interpretation of the results. Predictive habitat models were produced at annual and monthly time scales based on an initial analysis of the univariate relationships between whale presence-absence and six independent predictor variables (depth, slope, depth class, sea surface temperature and salinity, and month). During the later years of whaling (1948 to 1967), the mean lengths of captured whales declined significantly in all five species and pregnancy rates dropped to near zero in fin, sei and blue whales. Monthly patterns in numbers killed revealed a summer migration of sei and blue whales past Vancouver Island, and confirms anecdotal suggestions that local populations of fin and humpback whales once spent extended periods in the coastal waters of British Columbia. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that sperm whales mated (April-May) and calved (July-August) in British Columbia's offshore waters. The habitat models showed that the continental slope and a large area off the northwest coast Vancouver Island may represent critical habitat for sei, fin and male sperm whales. Female sperm whales, blue and humpback whales appeared less sensitive to the predictor variables, however, the sample size for these groups was significantly smaller than for the other species. The habitat predictions lend support to the hypotheses regarding sperm whale breeding and predict humpback whale habitat in sheltered bays and straits throughout coastal British Columbia. The habitat models also generated hypotheses about the relationships and processes that link these whale species to their environment. The historic whaling records revealed much about the migratory behaviour and distribution of the large whales species as they once were, and may continue to be, in the Northeast Pacific. Verifying the persistence of these trends in the remnant populations is a necessary and logical next step.
Fiscal Interactions and the Costs of Controlling Pollution from Electricity
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: electricity generation
subject: pollution control
subject: fiscal interventions
subject: price regulation
subject: multiple technology

description: This paper quantifies the costs of controlling SO2, carbon, and NOx emissions from power generation, accounting for interactions between environmental policies and the broader fiscal system. We distinguish a dirty technology (coal) that satisfies baseload demand and a clean technology (gas) that is used during peak periods, and we distinguish sectors with and without regulated prices. Estimated emissions control costs are substantially lower than in previous models of fiscal interactions that assume a single, constant returns technology and competitive pricing. The results are reasonably robust to alternative scenarios, such as full price deregulation and market power in the deregulated sector.
Molecule Formation in Optical Lattice Wells by Resonantly Modulated Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Bertelsen, Jesper Fevre
name: Molmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical model for formation of molecules in an optical lattice well where a resonant coupling of atomic and molecular states is provided by small oscillations of a magnetic field in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance. As opposed to an adiabatic sweep over the full resonance, this provides a coherent coupling with a frequency that can be tuned to meet resonance conditions in the system. The effective Rabi frequencies for this coupling are calculated and simulations show perfect Rabi oscillations. Robust production of molecules with an adiabatic sweep of the modulation frequency is demonstrated. For very large oscillation amplitudes, the Rabi oscillations are distorted but still effective and fast association is possible.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
The History of the Baryon Budget: Cosmic Logistics in a Hierarchical Universe
Creators: name: Rasera, Yann
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a series of high-resolution N-body hydrodynamical numerical simulations, we investigate several scenarios for the evolution of the baryon budget in galactic halos. We derive individual halo star formation history (SFH), as well as the global star formation rate in the universe. We develop a simple analytical model that allows us to compute surprisingly accurate predictions, when compared to our simulations, but also to other simulations presented in Springel & Hernquist (2003). The model depends on two main parameters: the star formation time scale t* and the wind efficiency eta_w. We also compute, for halos of a given mass, the baryon fraction in each of the following phases: cold disc gas, hot halo gas and stars. Here again, our analytical model predictions are in good agreement with simulation results, if one correctly takes into account finite resolution effect. We compare predictions of our analytical model to several observational constraints, and conclude that a very narrow range of the model parameters is allowed. The important role played by galactic winds is outlined, as well as a possible `superwind' scenario in groups and clusters. The `anti-hierarchical' behavior of observed SFH is well reproduced by our best model with t*=3Gyr and eta_w=1.5. We obtain in this case a present-day cosmic baryon budget of Omega*= 0.004, Omega_cold=0.0004, Omega_hot=0.01 and Omega_back=0.02 (diffuse background).
description: 33 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Socioeconomic Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on U.S. Water Resources
Creators: name: Frederick, Kenneth D.
name: Schwarz, Gregory E.
name: Frederick, Kenneth D.
name: Schwarz, Gregory E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: water and climate
subject: climate change
subject: socioeconomic impacts of climate change
subject: adaptation to climate change
subject: water management and climate change

description: The socioeconomic costs of floods, droughts, and water scarcity in the years 2030 and 2095 are examined under three climate scenarios: continuation of the current climate and two climate-change scenarios based on projections from the respective results of the Canadian and Hadley general circulation models. Measures of the adequacy of water supplies to meet both withdrawal and instream uses under current and future conditions are developed for the 18 major water resources regions and 99 assessment subregions in the conterminous United States. Past and likely future changes in the infrastructure available to control and distribute water, the costs of nontraditional sources of supply, water management practices, conservation opportunities, the nature of the economy, slack in the water supply system, and institutions influencing water use are examined and provide the basis for evaluating the impacts of changes in both climate and non-climate factors on U.S. water resources. The impacts of the climate changes are calculated as the changes in the costs of maintaining the projected no-climate change, non-irrigation offstream water uses with the climate-altered supplies. The costs and benefits are estimated under three alternative management strategies that differ in the protection provided for stream-flows and irrigation. The results support several general conclusions. First, a greenhouse warming could have major impacts on the future costs of floods, droughts, and balancing water demands and supplies. Second, the contrasting hydrologic implications of the Canadian and Hadley climate models indicate that the magnitude as well as the direction of these impacts are uncertain and likely to vary significantly among water resources regions. Third, there are many opportunities to adapt to changing hydrological conditions, and the net costs are particularly sensitive to the institutions that determine how the resource is managed and allocated among users. This report was prepared as part of the Water Assessment Sector Team's contribution to the U.S. National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the Nation being conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Global Change Research Program. The climate-change scenarios used in this report were developed for use in the National Assessment.
Note on the nonrelativistic $T\bar{T}$ deformation
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Hou, Jue
name: Tian, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present our study on the $T\bar{T}$-deformation of non-relativistic complex scalar field theory. We find the closed form of the deformed Lagrangian by using the perturbation and the method of characteristics. Furthermore we compute the exact energy spectrum of the deformed free theory by using the Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory in an appropriate regularization scheme.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, references updated, more clarifications
N=3 Superparticle Model
Creators: name: Buchbinder, I. L.
name: Samsonov, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the formulation and quantization of the N=3 superparticle model, both with and without central charge. Without the central charge the action possesses U(3) invariance and therefore is naturally quantized in the N=3 harmonic superspace. The quantization reproduces the N=3 supergauge strength multiplets, described by analytic N=3 superfields and a gravitino multiplet as a constrained N=3 chiral superfield. When the central charge is present, it breaks the U(3) R-symmetry of N=3 superalgebra down to SU(2)xU(1), and the corresponding superparticle model is formulated in the N=2 harmonic superspace extended by a pair of extra Grassmann variables. The quantization of such a model leads to the massive BPS N=3 vector multiplet. It is shown that upon additional superfield constraints such multiplet reduces to the massive N=2 vector multiplet.
description: 1+31 pages; minor mistakes are corrected, reference added, published version
Search for the proton decay p->K+antineutrino in the large liquid scintillator low energy neutrino astronomy detector LENA
Creators: name: Undagoitia, T. Marrodan
name: von Feilitzsch, F.
name: Goeger-Neff, M.
name: Grieb, C.
name: Hochmuth, K. A.
name: Oberauer, L.
name: Potzel, W.
name: Wurm, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) detector is proposed to be a large-volume liquid-scintillator device which will be highly suitable for the investigation of a variety of topics in astrophysics, geophysics and particle physics. In this paper, the potential of such a detector concerning the search for proton decay in the SUSY favored decay channel p->K+antineutrino is investigated. Based on Geant4, Monte Carlo simulations of the proton decay in the LENA detector as well as of the background radiation in the detection energy windows have been developed. From these simulations an efficiency of 65% for the detection of a possible proton decay has been determined. Within ten years of measuring time a lower limit for the proton lifetime, concerning the decay channel investigated, of tau>4.10^{34} y could be reached.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Joint Hypermobility and Idiopathic Scoliosis
Creators: name: , Dobies-Krześniak
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: scoliosis
hypermobility

description: Joint hypermobility (JH) can be diagnosed in the case of increased range of joint mobility and the absence of systemic diseases. Etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess JH prevalence in children with idiopathic scoliosis and to analyse coincidence of JH, scoliosis features and bone maturity. Were the relationship between JH and AIS proven children with JH features should be subject to more frequent/thorough control to detect early AIS. This case-control study enrolled 125 children (aged 7-18 years (mean 13.2 ± 2; Cobb angle range 10°-53° (mean 24.3 ± 11.7) diagnosed with AIS. The control group included 83 volunteers matched with study group in terms of age and gender proportion. Beighton scale was used to determine JH. The relationship between JH, curve severity, number of curvatures and Risser sign was tested. Data were compared by Student’s t-test or U Mann-Whitney, chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test where appropriate. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A Chandra View of the Anomalous Half-Merger NGC520
Creators: name: Read, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) High spatial and spectral resolution Chandra X-ray observations of the anomalous merging galaxy NGC520, a similarly-evolved system to the well-known Antennae galaxies, are presented here. Of great interest is the fact that NGC520, on account of it being due to the result of an encounter between one gas-rich disk and one gas-poor disk, appears in X-rays to be only 'half a merger'; Whereas a ULX lies at the primary (SE), more-massive nucleus, no sources are seen at the secondary nucleus. Whereas what appears to be a starburst-driven galactic wind is seen outflowing perpendicular to the molecular disk surrounding the primary nucleus, no such diffuse structure is seen anywhere near the secondary nucleus. Comparing the X-ray properties with those of other merging galaxies, one sees that, relative to its SFR, the number of ULXs seen within the system is rather small. Similarly the total X-ray luminosity and the fraction of this emission that appears diffuse are both a factor ~2 less than that expected based on NGC520's evolutionary merger stage. 15 X-ray sources are detected within the system, including a small number of bright ULXs that flatten the source XLF to a level similar to that of the Antennae and other mergers. Lastly, to see what appears to be a starburst-driven diffuse galactic wind, with a spectrum entirely consistent with that of other known galactic winds, though unusually, emanating from only one of the nuclei, is a surprise, given that one might have expected such structures to have distorted very quickly in such a rapidly evolving environment. The wind is larger and more massive than features seen in evolutionarily earlier systems (eg the Mice), but smaller and less massive than as seen in later systems (eg the Antennae), or classic starbursts.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Proofed version (changes to table 2 and references). Also available at http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~amr30/publications.html
Extinctions of coupled populations, and rare-event dynamics under non-Gaussian noise
Creators: name: Agranov, Tal
name: Bunin, Guy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The survival of natural populations may be greatly affected by environmental conditions that vary in space and time. We look at a population residing in two locations (patches) coupled by migration, in which the local conditions fluctuate in time. We report on two findings. First, we find that unlike rare events in many other systems, here the histories leading to a rare extinction event are not dominated by a single path. We develop the appropriate framework, which turns out to be a hybrid of the standard saddle-point method, and the Donsker-Varadhan formalism which treats rare events of atypical averages over a long time. It provides a detailed description of the statistics of histories leading to the rare event. The framework applies to rare events in a broad class of systems driven by non-Gaussian noise. Secondly, applying this framework to the population-dynamics model, we find a novel phase transition in its extinction behavior. Strikingly, a patch which is a sink (where individuals die more than are born), can nonetheless reduce the probability of extinction, even if it normally lowers the population's size and growth rate.
'Green' Preferences as Regulatory Policy
Creators: name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental regulation
subject: preference change

description: We examine the suggestion that if consumers in sufficient numbers are willing to pay the premium to have power generated using low-emission technologies, tax or permit policies become less necessary or stringent. While there are implementation difficulties with this proposal, our purpose is more fundamental: can economics make sense of using preferences as a regulatory instrument? If "green" preferences are exogenously given, to what extent can or should they be regarded as a substitute for other policies? Even with green preferences, production and consumption of polluting goods continues to impose social costs not borne in the market. Moreover, if green preferences are regarded as a policy instrument, the "no policy" baseline would require a problematic specification of counterfactual "non-green" preferences. Viewing green preferences as a regulatory policy instrument is conceptually sensible if the benchmark for optimal emissions is based on value judgments apart from preferences consumers happen to have. If so, optimal environmental protection would be defined by reference to ethical theory or, even less favorably, by prescriptions from policy advocates who give their own preferences great weight while giving those of the public at large (and the costs they bear) very little consideration.
Economies of Scale and Technical Efficiency in Community Water Systems
Creators: name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Gillingham, Kenneth
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Gillingham, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: small water systems
subject: water supply
subject: capacity development
subject: economies of scale
subject: community water systems

description: In this study we use datasets from the 1995 and 2000 Community Water Supply surveys to examine the production costs of water supply systems. We first estimate the economies of scale in water supply by estimating the total unit cost as well as individual component cost elasticities. For total unit cost elasticity, we find that a 1% increase in production reduces unit costs by a statistically significant 0.16%. For individual component cost elasticities, we find that higher economies of scale exist in capital costs, outside costs, other costs, and materials costs; labor costs and energy costs exhibit lower but still positive economies of scale. These economies of scale may reflect production economies or suggest that larger systems are better than smaller systems at bargaining and can obtain inputs at a lower unit cost. Importantly, bargaining gains and some production economies do not necessarily depend on water systems' becoming physically interconnected.
Clausius Inequality for Finite Baths Reveals Universal Efficiency Improvements
Creators: name: Strasberg, Philipp
name: Díaz, María García
name: Riera-Campeny, Andreu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study entropy production in nanoscale devices, which are coupled to finite heat baths. This situation is of growing experimental relevance, but most theoretical approaches rely on a formulation of the second law valid only for infinite baths. We fix this problem by pointing out that already Clausius' paper from 1865 contains an adequate formulation of the second law for finite heat baths, which can be also rigorously derived from a microscopic quantum description. This Clausius' inequality shows that nonequilibrium processes are less irreversible than previously thought. We use it to correctly extend Landauer's principle to finite baths and we demonstrate that any heat engine in contact with finite baths has a higher efficiency than previously thought. Importantly, our results are easy to study, requiring only the knowledge of the average bath energy.
description: Small improvements in the presentation. 12.5 pages in total incl. 6 figures and supplement. Comments are welcome!
Electroweak results from HERA
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhiqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inclusive neutral and charged current deep inelastic scattering processes at high Q2 provide the main basis for electroweak studies at HERA. These studies include the determination of the W boson propagator mass and weak neutral current couplings of light quarks to the Z0 boson. The polarised electron or positron beam at HERA II gives rise to additional sensitivities for these studies. Exceptions also exist; this is the case for the single W production.
Kirchliches Außenamt (Hrsg.), Christus - Das Heil der Welt
Creators: name: Küppers, Werner
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 3
Counting individual galaxies from deep 24 micron Spitzer surveys: beyond the confusion limit
Creators: name: Rodighiero, G.
name: Lari, C.
name: Pozzi, F.
name: Gruppioni, C.
name: Fadda, D.
name: Franceschini, A.
name: Lonsdale, C.
name: Surace, J.
name: Shupe, D.
name: Fang, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the question of how to deal with confusion limited surveys in the mid-infrared domain by using informations from higher frequency observations over the same sky regions. Such informations, once applied to apparently extended mid-infrared sources, which are indeed ``blends'' of two or more different sources, allow us to disentangle the single counterparts and to split the measured flux density into different components. We present the application of this method to the 24 micron Spitzer archival data in the GOODS-EN1 test field, where apparently extended, ``blended'' sources constitute about 20% of a reliable sample of 983 sources detected above the 5-sigma threshold down to 23 microJy. As higher frequency data-set we have considered the public IRAC images and catalogues on the same field. We show that the 24 micron sample is almost unbiased down to ~40 microJy and the careful application of the deblending procedure does not require any statistical completeness correction (at least at the flux level considered). This is probed by direct comparison of our results with those of Chary et al. (2004), who analysed the same data-set through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The deblending procedure reduces of about 30% the confusion limit of the MIPS 24 micron survey, allowing one to obtain reliable source counts down to ~40 microJy. The extrapolation of the source counts down to fainter fluxes suggests that our 24 micron sample is able to resolve ~62% of the cosmic background down to a flux level of 38 microJy.
description: 10 pages, submitted to MNRAS on July 2005
Environmental and Technology Policies for Climate Change and Renewable Energy
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Newell, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environment
subject: technology
subject: policy instruments
subject: climate change
subject: renewable energy

description: We assess different policies for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and promoting the innovation and diffusion of CO2-reducing power technologies: (1) emissions price, (2) tax on fossil power, (3) tradable emissions performance standard, (4) market share requirement for renewables, (5) renewables production subsidy, and (6) R&D subsidy for renewables. We evaluate the relative performance of the policies according to incentives they provide along different avenues for emissions reduction, their efficiency, and other salient outcomes. We also assess how the nature of technological progress-whether it occurs by learning by doing or R&D investment and the degree of knowledge spillovers -affects the desirability of different policies. In a numerical application for modest U.S. electricity sector policies, the relative cost of the policies in achieving reductions is roughly in the order given above, with an emissions price being the most cost-effective, an R&D subsidy the least, and the others in between.
Short distance non-perturbative effects of large distance modified gravity
Creators: name: Gabadadze, Gregory
name: Iglesias, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a model of large distance modified gravity we compare the nonperturbative Schwarzschild solution of hep-th/0407049 to approximate solutions obtained previously. In the regions where there is a good qualitative agreement between the two, the nonperturbative solution yields effects that could have observational significance. These effects reduce, by a factor of a few, the predictions for the additional precession of the orbits in the Solar system, still rendering them in an observationally interesting range. The very same effects lead to a mild anomalous scaling of the additional scale-invariant precession rate found by Lue and Starkman.
description: 13 pages, paragraph with comment added, PLB version
Robust and Efficient Multilevel-ILU Preconditioning of Hybrid Newton-GMRES for Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations
Creators: name: Chen, Qiao
name: Jiao, Xiangmin
name: Yang, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a robust and efficient preconditioner for a hybrid Newton-GMRES method for solving the nonlinear systems arising from incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. When the Reynolds number is relatively high, these systems often involve millions of degrees of freedom (DOFs), and the nonlinear systems are difficult to converge, partially due to the strong asymmetry of the system and the saddle-point structure. In this work, we propose to alleviate these issues by leveraging a multilevel ILU preconditioner called HILUCSI, which is particularly effective for saddle-point problems and can enable robust and rapid convergence of the inner iterations in Newton-GMRES. We further use Picard iterations with the Oseen systems to hot-start Newton-GMRES to achieve global convergence, also preconditioned using HILUCSI. To further improve efficiency and robustness, we use the Oseen operators as physics-based sparsifiers when building preconditioners for Newton iterations and introduce adaptive refactorization and iterative refinement in HILUCSI. We refer to the resulting preconditioned hybrid Newton-GMRES as HILUNG. We demonstrate the effectiveness of HILUNG by solving the standard 2D driven-cavity problem with Re 5000 and a 3D flow-over-cylinder problem with low viscosity. We compare HILUNG with some state-of-the-art customized preconditioners for INS, including two variants of augmented Lagrangian preconditioners and two physics-based preconditioners, as well as some general-purpose approximate-factorization techniques. Our comparison shows that HILUNG is much more robust for solving high-Re problems and it is also more efficient in both memory and runtime for moderate-Re problems.
description: Submitted to International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids
Quantum relative positioning in Hilbert space
Creators: name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of state transformations that are quantum mechanically prohibited is introduced. These can be seen as the generalization of the universal-NOT transformation which, for all pure inputs state of a given Hilbert space produces pure outputs whose projection on the original state is fixed to a value smaller than one. The case of not pure output states is also addressed. We give an application of these transformations in the context of separability criteria.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; new material added: in particular we present an application of quantum movers in the context of separability criteria. Typos corrected. Phys. Rev. A, accepted for publication
Intermetallic Fe6Ge5 formation and decay of a core–shell structure during the oxygen evolution reaction
Creators: name: Hausmann, J. Niklas
name: Khalaniya, Roman A.
name: Das, Chittaranjan
name: Remy-Speckmann, Ina
name: Berendts, Stefan
name: Shevelkov, Andrei V.
name: Driess, Matthias
name: Menezes, Prashanth W.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: oxygen evolution reaction
subject: intermetallic iron germanide
subject: core–shell

description: Herein, we report on intermetallic iron germanide (Fe6Ge5) as a novel oxygen evolution reaction (OER) precatalyst with a Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1 and an overpotential of 272 mV at 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline media. Furthermore, we uncover the in situ formation of a core–shell like structure that slowly collapses under OER conditions.
2004 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 144 dairy farms from throughout Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State University's Telfarm project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exist, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Optical Lattices: Theory
Creators: name: Smerzi, A.
name: Trombettoni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This chapter presents an overview of the properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in a periodic potential. This system has attracted a wide interest in the last years, and a few excellent reviews of the field have already appeared in the literature (see, for instance, [1-3] and references therein). For this reason, and because of the huge amount of published results, we do not pretend here to be comprehensive, but we will be content to provide a flavor of the richness of this subject, together with some useful references. On the other hand, there are good reasons for our effort. Probably, the most significant is that BEC in periodic potentials is a truly interdisciplinary problem, with obvious connections with electrons in crystal lattices, polarons and photons in optical fibers. Moreover, the BEC experimentalists have reached such a high level of accuracy to create in the lab, so to speak, paradigmatic Hamiltonians, which were first introduced as idealized theoretical models to study, among others, dynamical instabilities or quantum phase transitions.
description: Chapter 13 in Part VIII: "Optical Lattices" of "Emergent Nonlinear Phenomena in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Theory and Experiment," edited by P. G. Kevrekidis, D. J. Frantzeskakis, and R. Carretero-Gonzalez (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, 2007) - pages 247-265
DAIRY GRAZING FARMS IN MICHIGAN, 1998
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The purposes of this report are: 1) to provide statistical information about the financial results of dairy farms that intensively grazed their milk cows during 1998 (the body of the paper); and 2) to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning (Table 32, the last page of the paper).
Superconductors with Topological Order
Creators: name: Diamantini, M. C.
name: Sodano, P.
name: Trugenberger, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism of superconductivity in which the order of the ground state does not arise from the usual Landau mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking but is rather of topological origin. The low-energy effective theory is formulated in terms of emerging gauge fields rather than a local order parameter and the ground state is degenerate on topologically non-trivial manifolds. The simplest example of this mechanism of superconductivty is concretely realized as global superconductivty in Josephson junction arrays.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Lyckholmoceras Teichert 1930
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Cyrtogomphoceratidae
Lyckholmoceras

description: Genus Lyckholmoceras Teichert, 1930
Type species
Lyckholmoceras estoniae Teichert, 1930, from Saaremõisa (Lyckholm), N of Haapsalu, Läänemaa, Estonia, Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; by monotypy.
Emended diagnosis
Slightly endogastrically curved, large brevicones with slightly compressed conch cross section, conch margin narrower at ventral side; mature body chamber uncontracted or at mid-length, with distinct hyponomic sinus; sutures with shallow lateral lobe; siphuncle marginal with slightly expanded segments; endosiphuncular bullettes occur.
Remarks
The genus was placed within the Cyrtogomphoceratidae by Flower in Flower & Teichert (1957) and without further discussion classified within the Diestoceratidae in Sweet (1964b: K295). Both families contain genera with swollen siphuncles and with annulosiphonate deposits or endosiphuncular bullettes. However, here I follow Teichert (1964b) to restrict the cyrtogomphoceratids to endogastrically curved and the diestoceratids to straight and exogastrically curved forms (see above). Hence, Lyckholmoceras is interpreted as a member of the Cyrtogomphoceratidae, herein.
The original diagnosis is emended herein regarding the presence of endosiphuncular deposits. In Teichert (1930: 301) it is stated “Keine Ausfüllungen des Siphos bekannt” (translated from German: “Endosiphuncular deposits unknown”. This statement was emended by Sweet (1964b: K295) to “actinosiphonate deposits not known”. In the Estonian material, assigned to Lyckholmoceras, studied herein, endosiphuncular bullettes occur. The genus diagnosis is changed accordingly.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on page 113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
ON THE USE OF PRODUCTIVITY-INCREASING TECHNOLOGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE CASE OF INLAND VALLEY SWAMP RICE FARMING IN SOUTHERN MALI
Creators: name: Dimithe, Georges
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Sanogo, Ousmane
name: Coulibaly, B.S.
name: Simpara, M.
name: Dimithe, Georges
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Sanogo, Ousmane
name: Coulibaly, B.S.
name: Simpara, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: There is no improved seed-fertilizer technology available that can generate the needed growth in agricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa to meet food demand by the rapidly increasing population. This paper identifies factors associated with inland valley swamp rice farmers' decisions to adopt "improved" varieties and/or fertilizer. To achieve this objective, input-specific logistic models were estimated using survey-generated data collected from a random sample of 221 rice plots (one per farmer) selected from a purposive sample of 12 Mali-Sud bas-fond villages during the 1995-96 cropping season. The model estimation results show that the farther the village is from the closest market, the lower the probability to adopt the "improved" variety, increasing the size of the rice plot will decrease this probability, and men are more likely to adopt "improved" varieties than women because men have access to credit through CMDT, and more alternative sources of income to finance input purchases than women. For fertilizer, the use of "improved" varieties, the presence of water control infrastructure, and the village experience in cotton production increase the likelihood that a farmer will apply this input. The significance of the village experience in cotton production and women limited access to credit suggests that one of the constrains to a wider use of modern inputs is the absence of a reliable source of these inputs and/or seasonal credits. The significance of village distance to the closest market and the presence of water control the likelihood of using these inputs suggests that there exits some technological payoff associated with well-functioning markets and road improvements because such investments reduce the effective distance between the farm and the market.