cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Private Enforcement and Market Regulation
Creators: name: Landini, Sara
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The article examines the technique of private enforcement as a juridical instrument to protect the market in combination with the punitive sanction mechanisms of public law. After a first definition of private enforcement, we investigate the position taken by the European Commission on the use of private enforcement, verifying its function with respect to the objectives of market protection. The main instruments of private enforcement are therefore considered: civil liability, termination of the contract, nullity of the contract, injunction. We will focus on the main constraints to the application of the abovementioned instruments of private enforcement proposing solutions in the light of an overcoming of the boundaries between public law and private law. As highlighted in Directive 2014/104/EU, “the practical effect of the prohibitions laid down requires that anyone – be they an individual, including consumers and undertakings, or a public authority – can claim compensation before national courts for the harm caused to them by an infringement of those provisions.” For this reason it is important to consider all the different private enforcement tools and try to remove the obstacles to their effective functioning. Private law is activated on the action of individuals who exercise the rights recognised by the law. Individuals being closer to the emergence of the problem are able to represent the violation of the interests at stake according to the logic proper to the principle of subsidiarity. The Principle of subsidiarity states that a wider and greater body, such as a government, should not exercise functions that can be carried out efficiently by a smaller one, such as an individual or a private group, acting independently.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 2 n. 2 (2018)
Additional file 1 of Clinical research and burnout syndrome in Italy – only a physicians’ affair?
Creators: name: Cagnazzo, Celeste
name: Filippi, Roberto
name: Zucchetti, Giulia
name: Cenna, Rosita
name: Taverniti, Cristiana
name: Guarrera, Agata Sue Ellen
name: Stabile, Stefano
name: Federici, Irene
name: Monti, Manuela
name: Pirondi, Sara
name: Testoni, Sara
name: Fagioli, Franca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
THE ECONOMICS OF REFUGE DESIGN FOR BT CORN
Creators: name: Hyde, Jeffrey
name: Martin, Marshall A.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
name: Edwards, C. Richard
name: Hyde, Jeffrey
name: Martin, Marshall A.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
name: Edwards, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Bt Corn
subject: refuges
subject: European corn borer

description: Planting Bt corn on large areas may lead to European corn borer (ECB) resistance to Bt. Scientists recommend planting a non-Bt corn refuge as part of a resistance management strategy. Different refuge configurations may impact farm profits differently. This paper analyzes the economics of alternative refuge configurations in Indiana.
Additional file 2 of Clinical research and burnout syndrome in Italy – only a physicians’ affair?
Creators: name: Cagnazzo, Celeste
name: Filippi, Roberto
name: Zucchetti, Giulia
name: Cenna, Rosita
name: Taverniti, Cristiana
name: Guarrera, Agata Sue Ellen
name: Stabile, Stefano
name: Federici, Irene
name: Monti, Manuela
name: Pirondi, Sara
name: Testoni, Sara
name: Fagioli, Franca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Appendix S2. Complete list of MBI scores collected.
Progress on a spherical TPC for low energy neutrino detection
Creators: name: Aune, S
name: Colas, P
name: Deschamps, H
name: Dolbeau, J
name: Fanourakis, G
name: Ribas, E Ferrer
name: Enqvist, T
name: Geralis, T
name: Giomataris, Y
name: Gorodetzky, P
name: Gounaris, G J
name: Gros, M
name: Irastorza, I G
name: Kousouris, K
name: Lepeltier, V
name: Morales, J
name: Patzak, T
name: Paschos, E A
name: Salin, P
name: Savvidis, I
name: Vergados, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new concept of the spherical TPC aims at relatively large target masses with low threshold and background, keeping an extremely simple and robust operation. Such a device would open the way to detect the neutrino-nucleus interaction, which, although a standard process, remains undetected due to the low energy of the neutrino-induced nuclear recoils. The progress in the development of the fist 1 m$^3$ prototype at Saclay is presented. Other physics goals of such a device could include supernova detection, low energy neutrino oscillations and study of non-standard properties of the neutrino, among others.
description: 3 pages, talk given at the 9th Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, Zaragoza, September 10-14
ON THE ESTIMATION OF ADVERTISING EFFECTS FOR BRANDED PRODUCTS: AN APPLICATION TO SPAGHETTI SAUCES
Creators: name: Capps, Oral
name: Seo, Seong-Cheon
name: Nichols, John P.
name: Capps, Oral
name: Seo, Seong-Cheon
name: Nichols, John P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Advertising effects
subject: Demand systems
subject: IRI Infoscan data
subject: Polynomial inverse lag
subject: Rotterdam model

description: Using IRI Infoscan data pertaining to six types of spaghetti sauces and employing an extension of the demand systems framework developed by Duffy, estimates are obtained of own-price, cross-price, and total expenditure elasticities as well as own- and cross-product advertising elasticities. We augment the Duffy model through the use of a polynomial inverse lag mechanism to deal with the carryover effects of advertising. We also account for the impacts of features in newspaper fliers, in-store displays, and coupons. Advertising efforts by industry leaders in spaghetti sauce produce positive own-advertising elasticities (ranging from -.000003 to -.0094). Own-price elasticities are in the elastic range, and nearly all compensated cross-price effects are positive, indicative of Hicksian substitutes.
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria
Creators: name: Strand, Magnus
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2017

description: Since Francovich it seems the damages remedy has become The Remedy for individuals suffering economic loss by reason of EU law infringements by Member States. There is however an alternative to damages in private enforcement of EU law, in fact an antecedent to Francovich: Restitution by reason of a breach of EU law. Nonetheless, the criteria for restitution from a Member State, by reason of its breach of WU law, still remain neglected in comparison to the close attention and debates surrounding the criteria for the damages action against Member State. The purpose of this contribution is thus to identify and to discuss the distinctive elements of restitution as a remedy in the event of a breach of EU law by a Member State. Focus is on the very criteria that constitute legal basis for a claim of restitution from a Member State under EU law and the extent to which those criteria should be governed by EU law or by national law. Less attention is devoted to exceptions from liability to make restitution, although their existence in the case law is duly noted. The criteria identified in the case law are (1) the existence of a substantive right conferred on the claimant by EU law, (2) the existence of a payment from the claimant, collect by or on behalf of Member State, (3) the incompatibility of the basis of that payment with EU law, and ((4) that the payment follows as an inevitable consequence of the breach of EU law by the Member State. Case law hints on the more precise legal content of the criteria are examined in an attempt to shed light on their proper interpretation and application. It is noted that the second and the third criteria cannot, on the basis of existing case law, be defined with precision. In that connection it is discussed whether the second criterion should be subdivided into two criteria: Impoverishment of the claimant and enrichment of the Member State. As regards to the fourth criterion it is noted that it is uncertain whether it applies at all. Finally it is submitted that some of the difficulties could be overcome if the Court of Justice were to distinguish clear cases of repayment of charges levied by a Member State institution or agency in breach of EU law from more difficult cases of possible liability by reason of the enrichment of Member States.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 1 n. 2 (2017)
Kinetic Theory of Soft Matter. The Penetrable-Sphere Model
Creators: name: Santos, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The penetrable-sphere model has been introduced in the literature to describe the peculiar thermodynamic behavior of some colloidal systems. In this model the interaction potential is $ϕ(r)=ε>0$ if the two spheres are overlapped ($rσ$). In this paper the shear viscosity, thermal conductivity, and self-diffusion coefficients of a dilute gas of penetrable spheres are evaluated. It is found that the effective collision frequency $ν(T^*)$ grows as $\sqrt{T^*}$ up to $T^*\equiv k_BT/ε\simeq 0.25$, reaches a maximum at $T^*\simeq 0.415$ and then decays as ${T^*}^{-3/2}\log T^*$ for large temperatures. The results are applied to the hydrodynamic profiles in the steady Fourier and Couette flows.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Rarefied Gas Dynamics: 24th International Symposium (AIP Conference Proceedings)
FED CATTLE SPATIAL TRANSACTIONS PRICE RELATIONSHIPS
Creators: name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cointegration
subject: Relevant market
subject: Spatial prices

description: Delineation of geographic markets for fed cattle is essential in monitoring price behavior and determining geographic markets. This study uses transactions data from 28 U.S. fed cattle slaughter plants to determine the extent of the geographic market for fed cattle. Results indicate a national market for fed cattle with prices across most plants cointegrated. In addition, price discovery originates predominantly at plants located in Nebraska, and typically one-third of the total price adjustment to spatial integration occurs in one day.
The Boundaries of EU Copyright Law: Cheese, Jeans and a Military Report in the Court of Justice
Creators: name: Silva, Nuno Sousa E
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2019

description: Copyright is a centrepiece in the ongoing construction of the digital single market. Evidently, copyright only applies to works. Thus, the definition of its scope lies in knowing what a work is. Although that was not envisioned nor intended by the lawmaker, the Court of Justice has adopted a European notion of work in its controversial decision C-5/08, Infopaq, conflating it with the one of originality. Such an approach has been confirmed and expanded by subsequent case law. The Court has already fleshed out the main criterion for a creation to enjoy copyright – it must be original in the sense of being the author’s own creation – and seems to reject any additional criteria. However, the boundaries of the European notion of work are still unknown. Some recent preliminary ruling requests will allow some clarification. One asks about the possibility of copyright protection for the taste of a specific cheese (C-310/17, Levola Hengelo). Another one deals with the protection of a fashion design for jeans (C-683/17, Cofemel) and yet another concerns a military report (C-469/17, Funke Medien). After describing the evolution of the law on the EU notion of copyright, this article frames and critically analyses the questions surrounding these cases, proposes answers thereto and makes a prediction of the outcome, i.e. the Court’s decision, in each of them.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 3 n. 1 (2019)
ECONOMIC RETURNS FROM REDUCING POULTRY LITTER PHOSPHORUS WITH MICROBIAL PHYTASE
Creators: name: Bosch, Darrell J.
name: Zhu, Minkang
name: Kornegay, Ervin T.
name: Bosch, Darrell J.
name: Zhu, Minkang
name: Kornegay, Ervin T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Economic returns
subject: Microbial phytase
subject: Nutrient management
subject: Phosphorus
subject: Poultry litter
subject: Water quality

description: Requiring that crop applications of manure be based on phosphorus content (P-standard) could increase poultry litter disposal costs. Microbial phytase reduces litter P content and could reduce litter disposal costs under a P-standard. For a representative Virginia turkey farm, phytase costs $2,500 and could increase value of litter used for fertilizer on the turkey farm by $390 and reduce supplemental P feed costs by $1,431. Based on assumed litter demand and supply, estimated litter export prices with phytase could exceed export prices without phytase by $3.81 per ton. Phytase net returns to the farm are an estimated $ 1,435.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Mullen, Jeffrey D.
name: Norton, George W.
name: Reaves, Dixie Watts
name: Mullen, Jeffrey D.
name: Norton, George W.
name: Reaves, Dixie Watts
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Integrated pest management
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Environmental benefits

description: Public support for integrated pest management (IPM) is derived in part from concerns over food safety and the environment, yet few studies have assessed the economic value of health and environmental benefits of IPM. An approach is suggested for such an assessment and applied to the Virginia peanut IPM program. Effects of IPM on environmental risks posed by pesticides are assessed and society's willingness to pay to reduce those risks is estimated. The annual environmental benefits of the peanut IPM program are estimated at $844,000. The estimates of pesticide risks and willingness to pay can be applied elsewhere in economic assessments of IPM.
The conjugacy problem and related problems in lattice-ordered groups
Creators: name: Holland, W. Charles
name: Tsaban, Boaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study, from a constructive computational point of view, the techniques used to solve the conjugacy problem in the "generic" lattice-ordered group Aut(R) of order automorphisms of the real line. We use these techniques in order to show that for each choice of parameters f,g in Aut(R), the equation xfx=g is effectively solvable in Aut(R).
description: Small updates
FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN A NEW ALTERNATIVE ENTERPRISE: THE CASE OF THE RATITE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Schupp, Alvin R.
name: Taylor, Gary
name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Schupp, Alvin R.
name: Taylor, Gary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Data envelopment analysis
subject: Ratite
subject: Technical efficiency

description: Technical efficiency measures are calculated for ratite producers using data envelopment analysis. Regression analysis is then used to determine producer characteristics that are likely to lead to higher technical efficiencies. Results indicate that the most technically efficient ratite producers in Louisiana are not producing at the benchmark efficiency level advocated by the industry. Producer experience with other livestock, specialization, and labor are factors likely to lead to higher technical efficiency. These results are expected to hold for most new, alternative livestock enterprises.
Ultra Unification
Creators: name: Wang, Juven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces were unified in the Standard Model (SM) with spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. These forces were further conjectured to be unified in a simple Lie group gauge interaction in the Grand Unification (GUT). In this work, we propose a theory beyond the SM and GUT by adding new gapped Topological Phase Sectors consistent with the nonperturbative global anomaly cancellation and cobordism constraints (especially from the baryon minus lepton number ${\bf B}-{\bf L}$, the electroweak hypercharge $Y$, and the mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly). Gapped Topological Phase Sectors are constructed via symmetry extension, whose low energy contains unitary Lorentz invariant topological quantum field theories (TQFTs): either 3+1d non-invertible TQFT, or 4+1d invertible or non-invertible TQFT (short-range or long-range entangled gapped phase). Alternatively, there could also be right-handed "sterile" neutrinos, gapless unparticle physics, more general interacting conformal field theories, or gravity with topological cobordism constraints, or their combinations to altogether cancel the mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly. We propose that a new high-energy physics frontier beyond the conventional 0d particle physics relies on the new Topological Force and Topological Matter including gapped extended objects (gapped 1d line and 2d surface operators or defects, etc., whose open ends carry deconfined fractionalized particle or anyonic string excitations) or gapless conformal matter. Physical characterizations of these gapped extended objects require the mathematical theories of cohomology, cobordism, or category. Although weaker than the weak force, Topological Force is infinite-range or long-range which does not decay in the distance, and mediates between the linked worldvolume trajectories via fractional or categorical statistical interactions.
description: 38 pages. Sequel to: arXiv:1910.14668, arXiv:2006.16996, arXiv:2008.06499. Supplementary: arXiv:1809.11171, arXiv:1705.06728. Physical Review journal version accepted subtitle: Unified model beyond grand unification. v3: refinement, and more clarifications on math/physics and neutrino masses. Related talks: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Ultra+Unification+Quantum+Criticality+Wang
Multiple-scale analysis of discrete nonlinear partial difference equations: the reduction of the lattice potential KdV
Creators: name: Levi, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider multiple lattices and functions defined on them. We introduce slow varying conditions for functions defined on the lattice and express the variation of a function in terms of an asymptotic expansion with respect to the slow varying lattices. We use these results to perform the multiple--scale reduction of the lattice potential Korteweg--de Vries equation.
description: 17 pages. 1 figure
We are family : sibling attachment relationships among young adults
Creators: name: Brussoni, Mariana Jose
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A total of 321 young adult sibling dyads (104 male-female, 108 male-male, and 109 female-female) and 131 singletons completed a set of questionnaires examining the sibling relationship from an attachment perspective. Four central research findings are presented: First, attachment to sibling was significantly correlated with parenting, adult attachment self-model, satisfaction with social support, frequency of contact, and personality traits. Specifically, increased independence encouragement and acceptance by parents, decreased maternal rivalry, a more positive self-model, larger and more satisfying social support networks, and greater frequency of contact between siblings were related to greater quality of attachment to sibling. Also, higher levels of NEO Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Emotional Stability were positively correlated with attachment to sibling. Second, there was considerable reciprocity in the attachment relationship for all pair types (r = .58) indicating that siblings' ratings of the quality of their attachment to each other tend to correspond quite highly. Third, more positive self- and other-models were related to increased ratings of positive relationship variables such as affection, emotional support, and satisfaction, and decreased ratings of negative relationship variables such as antagonism, quarreling and alienation. Fourth, concordance rates in attachment self- and other-models were very low, indicating that siblings do not resemble each other in the attachment dimensions. However, siblings appear to describe each other's attachment models relatively accurately, and perceive themselves as having similar self- and other-models to their siblings. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical advancements for attachment theory and the sibling literature, and practical implications for fostering positive sibling relationships.
Additional file 1 of Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and autistic- and ADHD-related symptoms in children aged 2 and5 years from the Odense Child Cohort
Creators: name: Hansen, Julie Bang
name: Bilenberg, Niels
name: Timmermann, Clara Amalie Gade
name: Jensen, Richard Christian
name: Frederiksen, Hanne
name: Anna-Maria Andersson
name: Kyhl, Henriette Boye
name: Jensen, Tina Kold
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary table 1. Maternal and child characteristics according to included participants with BPA and CBCL1½-5 data at 2 years (N=658) and excluded participants (N=1559). Supplementary table 2. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the association between osmolality adjusted maternal BPA exposure divided into tertiles and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) of an ASD and ADHD-score >75% compared to <75% (reference) at 2 and/or 5 years of age.
IMPACT OF NATIONAL GENERIC DAIRY ADVERTISING ON DAIRY MARKETS, 1984-95
Creators: name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Dairy
subject: Generic advertising
subject: Industry econometric model
subject: Simulation

description: The impacts of generic dairy advertising on retail, wholesale, and farm dairy markets are estimated in this study at the national level. The results indicate that generic dairy advertising had a major impact on retail, wholesale, and farm markets for the dairy industry. The main conclusion of the study is that farmers are receiving a high return on their investment in generic dairy advertising, i.e., an average rate of return of $3.40 for every dollar invested over the period 1984-95. Moreover, the return on investment in advertising was higher in the most recent year, almost double the average for the previous 11 years.
ECONOMIC CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING COMMODITY PRICE FORECASTS
Creators: name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: McIntosh, Christopher S.
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: McIntosh, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Commodity prices
subject: Forecast evaluation
subject: Value of information

description: Forecasts of economic time series are often evaluated according to their accuracy as measured by either quantitative precision or qualitative reliability. We argue that consumers purchase forecasts for the potential utility gains from utilizing them, not for their accuracy. Using Monte Carlo techniques to incorporate the temporal heteroskedasticity inherent in asset returns, the expected utility of a set of qualitative forecasts is simulated for corn and soybean futures prices. Monetary values for forecasts of various reliability levels are derived. The method goes beyond statistical forecast evaluation, allowing individuals to incorporate their own utility function and trading system into valuing a set of asset price forecasts.
Reinforcement Learning for Many-Body Ground-State Preparation Inspired by Counterdiabatic Driving
Creators: name: Yao, Jiahao
name: Lin, Lin
name: Bukov, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) is a prominent example of variational quantum algorithms. We propose a generalized QAOA called CD-QAOA, which is inspired by the counterdiabatic driving procedure, designed for quantum many-body systems and optimized using a reinforcement learning (RL) approach. The resulting hybrid control algorithm proves versatile in preparing the ground state of quantum-chaotic many-body spin chains by minimizing the energy. We show that using terms occurring in the adiabatic gauge potential as generators of additional control unitaries, it is possible to achieve fast high-fidelity many-body control away from the adiabatic regime. While each unitary retains the conventional QAOA-intrinsic continuous control degree of freedom such as the time duration, we consider the order of the multiple available unitaries appearing in the control sequence as an additional discrete optimization problem. Endowing the policy gradient algorithm with an autoregressive deep learning architecture to capture causality, we train the RL agent to construct optimal sequences of unitaries. The algorithm has no access to the quantum state, and we find that the protocol learned on small systems may generalize to larger systems. By scanning a range of protocol durations, we present numerical evidence for a finite quantum speed limit in the nonintegrable mixed-field spin-1/2 Ising and Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick models, and for the suitability to prepare ground states of the spin-1 Heisenberg chain in the long-range and topologically ordered parameter regimes. This work paves the way to incorporate recent success from deep learning for the purpose of quantum many-body control.
Challenges and Constraints to Recognition in the Field of Freedom of Circulation: The Relevance of the Fraus Legis Institute in European Union Law
Creators: name: Lopes, Dulce
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The relevance of fraus legis – a falsely presented state of affairs – both in internal and private international law, and particularly within recognition procedures, has not been undisputed throughout the years. And in the midst of integration or close cooperation arrangements it might seem that the institute of fraus legis would definitively lose its interest due to an “unshaken” mutual confidence in the activity of other public authorities. This is however not the case, as demonstrated by European Union law where both legislative and case law examples show the renewed importance of such truthfulness or veracity requirement. Bearing this is mind, the present article has a dual purpose: the first aims to describe the legal concept of recognition in its diversity and richness. As an aggregating factor we will subsequently turn our attention to the “internal structure” of that concept and to the conditions or requisites it is dependent upon. One of such conditions is precisely the control of veracity of the act or situation that aims to be recognised by the receiving State.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 2 n. 1 (2018)
El empowerment: una poderosa herramienta capaz de transformar organizaciones
Creators: name: Román, José
name: Ribeiro, Célia
Publisher: name: Gestão e Desenvolvimento
Year: 2017

description: As empresas ou organizações têm um elemento comum: todas são constituídas por pessoas, que constituem o seu capital humano, a sua energia vital, assegurando a sua capacidade de transformação. Os meios técnicos e as infraestruturas são importantes, mas, em última análise, são as pessoas que levam a cabo os desenvolvimentos e as mudanças a favor das organizações para se adaptarem ao seu ambiente e se tornarem competitivas. O contexto atual globalizado ao nível da economia, tecnologia, mercado e recursos humanos, altamente competitivo, mais não fez do que reforçar o valor das pessoas, convertendo-as no elemento que, estando motivadas, empoderadas, e sob uma liderança dinamizadora, é capaz de potenciar a capacidade inovadora das empresas. É aí que nasce o empowerment, como ferramenta capaz de libertar o poder das pessoas, convertendo-as em parceiras da organização.
description: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, n. 25 (2017)
Quantum criticality and universal scaling of a quantum antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Lake, B.
name: Tennant, D. A.
name: Frost, C. D.
name: Nagler, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum effects dominate the behaviour of many diverse materials. Of particular current interest are those systems in the vicinity of a quantum critical point (QCP). Their physical properties are predicted to reflect those of the nearby QCP with universal features independent of the microscopic details. The prototypical QCP is the Luttinger liquid (LL) which is of relevance to many quasi-one-dimensional materials. The magnetic material KCuF3 realizes an array of weakly-coupled spin chains (or LLs) and thus lies close to but not exactly at the Luttinger liquid quantum critical point. By using inelastic neutron scattering we have collected a complete data set of the magnetic correlations of KCuF3 as a function of momentum, energy, and temperature. The LL description is found to be valid over an extensive range of these parameters, and departures from this behaviour at high and low energies and temperatures have been identified and explained.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Nature Materials
PRICE EXPECTATIONS AND SUPPLY RESPONSE IN THE THOROUGHBRED YEARLING MARKET
Creators: name: Neibergs, J. Shannon
name: Thalheimer, Richard
name: Neibergs, J. Shannon
name: Thalheimer, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Elasticity
subject: Parimutual horse racing
subject: Price determination
subject: Price flexibility
subject: Purses
subject: Thoroughbred
subject: Yearling

description: Limited information is available concerning price determination in the thoroughbred yearling market. A recursive model incorporating price expectations and biological constraints is used to estimate supply and demand functions for thoroughbred horses. Empirical results characterize a market with inelastic supply and elastic demand that converges to equilibrium under static conditions. Purses were identified as the most influential variable impacting price. Comparative statics illustrate the effectiveness of purses as a policy instrument for the thoroughbred industry. Federal tax policy also was found to have a significant impact on the decisions to breed or invest in thoroughbred yearlings.
IRS Spectra of Solar-Type Stars: \break A Search for Asteroid Belt Analogs
Creators: name: Beichman, C. A.
name: Tanner, A.
name: Bryden, G.
name: Stapelfeldt, K. R.
name: Werner, M. W.
name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Trilling, D. E.
name: Lawler, S.
name: Gautier, T. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a spectroscopic search for debris disks surrounding 41 nearby solar type stars, including 8 planet-bearing stars, using the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope}. With accurate relative photometry using the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) between 7-34 $\micron$ we are able to look for excesses as small as $\sim$2% of photospheric levels with particular sensitivity to weak spectral features. For stars with no excess, the $3σ$ upper limit in a band at 30-34 $μ$m corresponds to $\sim$ 75 times the brightness of our zodiacal dust cloud. Comparable limits at 8.5-13 $μ$m correspond to $\sim$ 1,400 times the brightness of our zodiacal dust cloud. These limits correspond to material located within the $
DETERMINANTS OF KANSAS FARMERS' PARTICIPATION IN ON-FARM RESEARCH
Creators: name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Schurle, Bryan W.
name: Norman, David W.
name: Freyenberger, S.G.
name: Bloomquist, L.E.
name: Regehr, D.L.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Schurle, Bryan W.
name: Norman, David W.
name: Freyenberger, S.G.
name: Bloomquist, L.E.
name: Regehr, D.L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Farmer attitudes
subject: Farmer participation
subject: Farming systems research
subject: On-farm research
subject: Sustainable agriculture

description: On-farm research (OFR) has increased in popularity in the U.S. in recent years due to heightened interest in sustainability issues, the likely decline in resources available for agricultural research, and increasing pressures for accountability and responsiveness to state and local needs. Information relating to OFR was obtained from 431 commercial Kansas farmers. Data were analyzed to determine the degree of OFR being implemented, and three models were estimated to identify which farmer/farm characteristics influenced its implementation. The results indicate that OFR is commonly implemented, and that several farm/farmer characteristics are related to the degree of OFR initiated. It is proposed that to maximize the return from externally initiated OFR, there would be merit in focusing attention on farms/farmers with those characteristics.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: AN ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES FACING INDUSTRY AND THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Creators: name: Spielman, David J.
name: Von Grebmer, Klaus
name: Spielman, David J.
name: Von Grebmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Public-private partnership
subject: collaborative research
subject: private sector
subject: multinational firms
subject: agricultural research and development
subject: agricultural biotechnology
subject: intellectual property rights

description: Public-private partnerships offer potentially important opportunities for pro-poor agricultural research in developing countries. Yet in the international agricultural research community--and with regard to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) itself--we see few examples of successful public-private partnerships, and fewer examples where such collaborations have contributed to food security, poverty reduction and economic growth. This study assesses the opportunities for, and challenges to, creating and sustaining public-private partnerships between the international agricultural research centers of the CGIAR and leading multinational, research-based agribusiness companies. The study hypothesizes that the willingness and ability of public agencies and private firms to enter into partnerships are constrained by fundamentally different incentive structures; by insufficient minimization of the costs and risks of collaboration; by an inability to overcome mutually negative perceptions; by limited use of creative organizational mechanisms that reduce competition over key assets and resources; and by insufficient access to information on successful partnership models. The study methodology is based on interviews and discussions with key stakeholders and a wide review of the literature on public-private partnership. Tentative findings suggest that while incentives and perceptions do differ between sectors, sufficient common space exists or can be created through incentive structuring to facilitate greater partnership. However, both public- and private-sector partners inadequately account for and minimize the costs and risks of partnership. Similarly, partners discount the need for brokers and third-party actors to manage research collaborations and reduce competition between sectors. Finally, partners are operating without sufficient information on existing partnership experiences, lessons, and models, potentially contributing to a persistent or widening gap between sectors.
Additional file 1 of Validating potent anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatoid properties of Drynaria quercifolia rhizome methanolic extract through in vitro, in vivo, in silico and GC-MS-based profiling
Creators: name: Debabrata Modak
name: Subhashis Paul
name: Sourav Sarkar
name: Subarna Thakur
name: Bhattacharjee, Soumen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Flow sheet of methodology.
Search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in $Z$-boson decays with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leptons with essentially the same properties apart from their mass are grouped into three families (or flavours). The number of leptons of each flavour is conserved in interactions, but this is not imposed by fundamental principles. Since the formulation of the standard model of particle physics, the observation of flavour oscillations among neutrinos has shown that lepton flavour is not conserved in neutrino weak interactions. So far, there has been no experimental evidence that this also occurs in interactions between charged leptons. Such an observation would be a sign for undiscovered particles or a yet unknown type of interaction. Here, the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN reports a constraint on lepton-flavour-violating effects in weak interactions, searching for $Z$-boson decays into a $τ$ lepton and another lepton of different flavour with opposite electric charge. The branching fractions for these decays are measured to be less than $8.1\times10^{-6}$ ($eτ$) and $9.5\times10^{-6}$ ($μτ$) at 95% confidence level using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. These results supersede the limits from the Large Electron-Positron Collider experiments conducted more than two decades ago.
description: 36 pages in total, author list starting page 20, 4 figures, 4 tables, published in Nature Physics. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2018-36/
SMALL-SCALE FARMS IN THE WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON: CAN THEY BENEFIT FROM CARBON TRADE?
Creators: name: Carpentier, Chantal Line
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Witcover, Julie
name: Carpentier, Chantal Line
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Witcover, Julie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Recently scientists have started to examine how land-uses and land-use technologies can help mitigate carbon emissions. The half million small-scale farmers inhabiting the Amazon frontier sequester large stocks of carbon in their forests and other land uses that they might be persuaded to maintain or even increase through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. On average, small-scale farmers in the Pedro Peixoto settlement project of Acre (Western Brazilian Amazon), had a stock of 10,067 tons of above- and below-ground carbon on their farms in 1994, 88 percent of which was stored in their forest reserves. The income and carbon mitigation effects of three types of carbon payments are analyzed in this paper: (1) above- or total-carbon stock payments paid for carbon retained in the forest or stored in all land-uses, (2) above- or total-carbon flow payments paid for carbon stored in all land-uses, and (3) above- or total carbon net stock payments paid for carbon stored in all land-uses. The main conclusions are that carbon payments can be effective in preserving forest and carbon, but should be based on carbon stocks or net carbon stock rather than carbon flows. Payments tied to forest carbon or carbon in all land-uses provide inexpensive carbon offset potential, and payments based on total instead of above-ground carbon only slightly dilute the forest preservation effect of carbon payments. One-time carbon payments as low as R$15/t of carbon stock would preserve half of the existing forest carbon on these farms. Carbon flow payments, on the other hand, do not provide an adequate economic incentive to slow deforestation because forests are more or less in equilibrium and thus do not sequester additional carbon. If the Kyoto Protocol were amended to allow for conservation of forest carbon, a few potential CDMs could provide inexpensive carbon offsets, alleviate poverty, and preserve biodiversity. Sustainable forest management, for instance, increases both farm income and carbon and forest preservation and could provide inexpensive carbon offsets. Other projects could also provide inexpensive carbon offsets and preserve biodiversity, but would require additional income and technology transfers to compensate farmers for their lost incomes.
SHOULD INDIA INVEST MORE IN LESS-FAVORED AREAS?
Creators: name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Developing countries have to allocate limited government resources for rural areas among different investment activities and regions to achieve the twin goals of productivity growth and poverty alleviation. This is particularly important at a time when many countries are facing severe financial constraints. This paper develops a framework and provides empirical evidence on the impact of government investments in technology, irrigation, education and infrastructure on agricultural productivity growth and rural poverty reduction in rural India. The results reveal that government investments in more favored areas played significant roles during the green revolution period. But the marginal returns from additional government investments in these areas have declined in more recent years. It is now the less-favored areas where marginal returns are higher. This result has important policy implications for where government investments should be targeted in order to achieve further productivity growth and rural poverty reductions.
Video Action Understanding
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Matthew
name: Gadepally, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many believe that the successes of deep learning on image understanding problems can be replicated in the realm of video understanding. However, due to the scale and temporal nature of video, the span of video understanding problems and the set of proposed deep learning solutions is arguably wider and more diverse than those of their 2D image siblings. Finding, identifying, and predicting actions are a few of the most salient tasks in this emerging and rapidly evolving field. With a pedagogical emphasis, this tutorial introduces and systematizes fundamental topics, basic concepts, and notable examples in supervised video action understanding. Specifically, we clarify a taxonomy of action problems, catalog and highlight video datasets, describe common video data preparation methods, present the building blocks of state-of-the art deep learning model architectures, and formalize domain-specific metrics to baseline proposed solutions. This tutorial is intended to be accessible to a general computer science audience and assumes a conceptual understanding of supervised learning.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Access
GAMVIS: a análise de clusters na identificação de semelhanças e diferenças entre concelhos
Creators: name: Pereira, Paulo Almeida
Publisher: name: Gestão e Desenvolvimento
Year: 2005

description: A Grande Área Metropolitana de Viseu (GAMVIS) foi uma realidade, criada no final de 2004, integrando 21 concelhos de dois distritos e de três NUTS lll. Após uma introdução ao método de análise de clusters, procede-se ao estudo da forma como se posicionam os vários concelhos da GAMVIS, no que diz respeito a cerca de duzentos indicadores estatísticos, disponíveis no JNE, repartidos pelas mais diversas áreas: território e ambiente, população e condições sociais, economia e finanças, comércio externo, silvicultura, construção e energia e, finalmente, transportes. A caracterização assim efectuada permite identificar as diferenças e as semelhanças entre os concelhos que constituem a GAMVIS, de forma a que possam servir de base aos diversos actores responsáveis pela definição de linhas de orientação estratégica desta região do interior do país, que apresenta indicadores desfavoráveis, quando comparados com outras zonas de Portugal. Uma análise global, em que se conjugam análise de clusters e a análise factorial, permite agrupar os concelhos da GAMVIS em sete clusters que, curiosamente, além das semelhanças, em termos de indicadores, apresentam também afinidades geográficas.
description: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, n. 13-14 (2005)
Additional file 3 of Validating potent anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatoid properties of Drynaria quercifolia rhizome methanolic extract through in vitro, in vivo, in silico and GC-MS-based profiling
Creators: name: Debabrata Modak
name: Subhashis Paul
name: Sourav Sarkar
name: Subarna Thakur
name: Bhattacharjee, Soumen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Molecular docking scores of bioactive compounds identified in Drynaria quercifolia methanolic extracts with COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α.
Heavy flavours: theory summary
Creators: name: Corcella, Gennaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I summarize the theory talks given in the Heavy Flavours Working Group. In particular, I discuss heavy-flavour parton distribution functions, threshold resummation for heavy-quark production, progress in fragmentation functions, quarkonium production, heavy-meson hadroproduction.
description: 6 pages. Talk given at DIS 2005, XIII Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering, April 27-May 1, 2005, Madison, WI, U.S.A