cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The common trend of saltation particles on the surface of fast-rotating asteroids
Creators: name: Song, Zhijun
name: Yu, Yang
name: Cheng, Bin
name: Lv, Jing
name: Baoyin, Hexi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An asteroid spun up to its critical limit has unique surface mechanical properties that its gravity and the centrifugal force largely balance, creating a relaxation environment where low-energy events such as mass shedding may trigger subsequent long complex motion of an asteroid's regolith grains. Exploring such an evolution process may provide key clues for understanding the early formation of multi-asteroid systems. This paper investigates the complex evolution process of loose particles becoming triggered by shedding events and the dependency of their dynamical propagation on the contact mechanical properties of the asteroid surface. We present a numerical model for tracking the trajectory of a shed particle that considers the collision between the particle and the surface of an asteroid. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to reflect the statistical behavior of shed particles. We also introduce zero-velocity surfaces to our data-based analysis in order to reveal the intrinsic invariance of the evolutionary processes. We used the average mechanical energy of the particle cloud to check the connection between contact property and the temporal-spatial distribution of the shed particles. We sketch a common evolutionary path of the particle in the vicinity of a fast-rotating asteroid, that is, particles dislodged from the unstable region will eventually enter, through several collisions with the surface, non-return orbits that launch from the minimum geopotential area of the unstable region. The common trend is independent of any particular asteroid morphology, and all shed particles enter the same evolutionary path. We also find that the orbital energy of the particle cloud is statistically independent of the surface contact property, meaning that the collision coefficient of restitution is a nonsensitive parameter in the outward spreading process of the shed particles.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Polo-like kinase 1 as a prognostic and therapeutic target in high-grade brain tumors
Creators: name: Triscott, Joanna Catherine Caprio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: High-grade brain tumors have some of the highest rates of cancer-related death. Occurring predominately in adults, patients with glioblastoma (GBM) are not expected to survive longer than two years. Similarly, medulloblastoma (MB) is the most commonly occurring malignant brain tumor in children and, although these cases have a much better probability of survival, the severe impact of high-intensity treatment often causes long-term negative side effects. Unfortunately, high-grade brain tumors are frequently resistant to standard treatments like temozolomide (TMZ). Further, the development of new drugs is hindered by the blood-brain barrier and the astronomical cost of drug discovery and clinical evaluation. The immediate need for new treatment options encouraged our approach of querying compounds that have previously been tested in clinical trials. Herein, we found that TMZ resistant GBM cells express high levels of the mitotic kinase, Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) and that TMZ resistance can be overcome using PLK1 kinase inhibitors, such as BI-2536. An assessment of off-patent drugs revealed that the anti-alcoholism treatment, disulfiram (DSF), also had efficacy in eliminating PLK1-high cells and this work proposes DSF can be repurposed for cancer treatment. The importance of PLK1 was further investigated in a retrospective study of MB patient samples that were assessed with the NanoString nCounter system. Cases with high PLK1 expression were more likely to relapse and had worse overall survival. This work suggests that stratification of these high-risk cases can identify patients that may benefit from PLK1 inhibitors, which cause G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Notably, both DSF and BI-2536 treatment had no negative growth effects on normal brain cells. Finally, translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a substrate of PLK1 that is used as a marker of kinase activity. An exploration of the clinical and mechanistic impact of TCTP demonstrated a striking association with the sonic hedgehog (SHH) MB subtype, as well, as establishing its role in cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, the studies outlined in this thesis encourage the investigation of PLK1 as a therapeutic target in high-grade brain tumors and emphasizes the potential benefit of fighting cancer with repurposed drugs.
The Role of Ideas that shape the Institutional Change in Cybersecurity Economic barriers of cyber-attacks
Creators: name: Marasigan, Raquel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160801 Applied Sociology, Program Evaluation and Social Impact Assessment
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The paper presented last September 3, 2019.
4D-image reconstruction directly from limited-angular-range data in continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Creators: name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Epel, Boris
name: Chen, Buxin
name: Xia, Dan
name: Sidky, Emil Y.
name: Qiao, Zhiwei
name: Halpern, Howard
name: Pan, Xiaochuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: We investigate and develop optimization-based algorithms for accurate reconstruction of four-dimensional (4D)-spectral-spatial (SS) images directly from data collected over limited angular ranges (LARs) in continuous-wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). Methods: Basing on a discrete-to-discrete data model devised in CW EPRI employing the Zeeman-modulation (ZM) scheme for data acquisition, we first formulate the image reconstruction problem as a convex, constrained optimization program that includes a data fidelity term and also constraints on the individual directional total variations (DTVs) of the 4D-SS image. Subsequently, we develop a primal-dual-based DTV algorithm, simply referred to as the DTV algorithm, to solve the constrained optimization program for achieving image reconstruction from data collected in LAR scans in CW-ZM EPRI. Results: We evaluate the DTV algorithm in simulated- and real-data studies for a variety of LAR scans of interest in CW-ZM EPRI, and visual and quantitative results of the studies reveal that 4D-SS images can be reconstructed directly from LAR data, which are visually and quantitatively comparable to those obtained from data acquired in the standard, full-angular-range (FAR) scan in CW-ZM EPRI. Conclusion: An optimization-based DTV algorithm is developed for accurately reconstructing 4D-SS images directly from LAR data in CW-ZM EPRI. Future work includes the development and application of the optimization-based DTV algorithm for reconstructions of 4D-SS images from FAR and LAR data acquired in CW EPRI employing schemes other than the ZM scheme. Significance: The DTV algorithm developed may be exploited potentially for enabling and optimizing CW EPRI with minimized imaging time and artifacts by acquiring data in LAR scans.
description: Submitted to Journal of Magnetic Resonance
The supercritical generalized KdV equation: Global well-posedness in the energy space and below
Creators: name: Farah, Luiz Gustavo
name: Linares, Felipe
name: Pastor, Ademir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the generalized Korteweg-de Vries (gKdV) equation $\partial_t u+\partial_x^3u+μ\partial_x(u^{k+1})=0$, where $k\geq5$ is an integer number and $μ=\pm1$. In the focusing case ($μ=1$), we show that if the initial data $u_0$ belongs to $H^1(\R)$ and satisfies $E(u_0)^{s_k} M(u_0)^{1-s_k} < E(Q)^{s_k} M(Q)^{1-s_k}$, $E(u_0)\geq0$, and $\|\partial_x u_0\|_{L^2}^{s_k}\|u_0\|_{L^2}^{1-s_k} < \|\partial_x Q\|_{L^2}^{s_k}\|Q\|_{L^2}^{1-s_k}$, where $M(u)$ and $E(u)$ are the mass and energy, then the corresponding solution is global in $H^1(\R)$. Here, $s_k=\frac{(k-4)}{2k}$ and $Q$ is the ground state solution corresponding to the gKdV equation. In the defocusing case ($μ=-1$), if $k$ is even, we prove that the Cauchy problem is globally well-posed in the Sobolev spaces $H^s(\mathbb{R})$, $s>\frac{4(k-1)}{5k}$.
Observations on presumptive lumpy skin disease in native cattle and Asian water buffaloes around the tiger reserves of the central Indian highlands
Creators: name: Pandey, N
name: Hopker, A
name: Prajapati, G
name: Rahangdale, N
name: Gore, K
name: Sargison, N
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Between August and October 2020, following the monsoon, signs of lumpy skin disease (LSD) were recorded and described in 154 oxen, 34 cows, 13 calves (Bos indicus) and two Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cows belonging to smallholder farmers in 32 villages located around the Kanha and Bandhavgarh tiger reserves in the state of Madhya Pradesh, central India. Affected animals were subjected to a full clinical examination and detailed findings were recorded in a clinical register. A semi-structured questionnaire was attached to the existing clinical register format to gather information on the clinical disease history and animal husbandry practices relevant to the spread of LSD virus. The affected animals were between 4 months and 14 years of age (mean 6.4 (SD 2.5) years). Persistent high temperature, depression, anorexia, and characteristic round nodules (lumps) on the skin were reported. The nodules were 2–5 cm in diameter and spread over the face, ears, neck, back, perineum, scrotum, legs, tail, udder, and nasal and oral mucosa. Secondary complications of myiasis (n = 39), mastitis (n = 16) and ulcerative lesions on legs were noticed. Death was reported for one animal (0.5%). The affected animals’ recovery times were variable (mean 18.4 (SD 2.7) days). There was a significant positive correlation between delay in initiating treatment and the duration of sickness. Reduction in milk yield of 30–55% was reported in Bos indicus cows. Clinical findings and treatment responses consistent with lumpy skin disease and its sequelae. The presumptive LSD outbreak caused serious economic loss to the animal keepers. LSD is a new disease for India and in the absence of active immunisation, efficient vector control, animal movement control and stall-feeding practice, it will inevitably become endemic in the country. The severe impacts resulting from the introduction of a new disease to a previously unaffected country highlight the need for iterative improvements in global transboundary disease surveillance. The value of clinical examination and recording of findings is demonstrated in the context of smallholder farming systems with limited access to laboratory diagnosis, which are common around the world. The description of an LSD outbreak in naïve populations of cattle and buffalo illustrates the need for increased awareness of the associated clinical signs and maintenance of high levels of biosecurity in hitherto disease-free countries.
Risk factors for clinical or subclinical mastitis following infusion of internal teat sealant alone at the end of lactation in cows with low somatic cell counts
Creators: name: McDougall, S
name: Williamson, J
name: Gohary, K
name: Lacy-Hulbert, J
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: To identify risk factors for subclinical and clinical mastitis in cows with low somatic cell counts (SCC) following infusion with internal teat sealant (ITS) at drying off. Cows with no history of clinical mastitis and a maximum SCC <250,000 cells/mL at any herd test in the lactation before drying off were randomly selected from 36 herds. In the final week of lactation, quarter milk samples were collected aseptically from each selected cow for microbiology, and each quarter was then infused with ITS. Clinical mastitis records from 22 herds and herd test data from all herds were collated to determine potential herd- or cow-level explanatory variables for clinical mastitis over the dry period or in the first 60 days of the subsequent lactation, and subclinical mastitis (SCC >200,000 cells/mL; SCM) at the first herd test after calving. Multivariable, multilevel, logistic regression analyses were used to model the data. At drying off, 44/1,514 (2.8%) cows were infected with a major pathogen. Two of 1,001 (0.2%) cows were diagnosed with clinical mastitis over the dry period. There were 128/1,514 (8.5%) cows with SCM at the first herd test after calving. The odds of SCM were greater for cows with a major pathogen present at drying off than those without (OR = 4.7 (95% CI = 2.29–9.65); p 15 L/day at the last herd test of the preceding lactation than cows producing <10 L/day (OR = 4.79 (95% CI = 1.48–15.46); p = 0.009); for each 1 unit increase in ln maximum SCC in the previous lactation the OR for clinical mastitis was 1.96 (95% CI = 1.09–3.54); (p = 0.03), and the odds increased with increasing herd-level cow-case lactational incidence of clinical mastitis in the preceding lactation (p = 0.003). Selection of cows with low SCC for ITS infusion should consider cow milk yield and maximum cow SCC in the preceding lactation.
Novel insights into leishmania biology : the role of parasite and host-derived small non-coding RNAs
Creators: name: Lambertz, Ulrike Elisabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Infection with leishmania parasites causes severe chronic and potentially fatal illness in millions of people annually. Nevertheless, leishmania-host interactions remain understudied, and available treatments are sub-optimal. Pivotal to the establishment of infection, parasite replication and development of clinical disease is the subversion of microbicidal activities of host macrophages by leishmania. The overall aim of this thesis was to enhance our understanding of the modus operandi of macrophage subversion and explore the involvement of parasite- and host-derived small non-coding RNAs in this process. My first objective was to investigate whether leishmania exosomes act as shuttle vehicles to export and deliver leishmania RNAs to host macrophages, where they may contribute to pathogenesis. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the transcriptome of leishmania exosomes and found that leishmania exosomes are selectively and specifically enriched in small RNAs derived almost exclusively from non-coding RNAs such as rRNAs and tRNAs. In depth analysis revealed the presence of tRNA-derived small RNAs, a novel RNA type with suspected regulatory functions. Exosomes protected their RNA cargo from degradation and were competent to deliver RNAs to macrophages. Furthermore, our results demonstrated a remarkably high degree of congruence in exosomal small non-coding RNA content between two distinct leishmania species, which argues for a conserved mechanism for exosomal RNA packaging in leishmania. My second objective was to investigate whether macrophage miRNA expression is modulated during leishmania infection. Here, I was interested to know whether targeting of the host RNAi machinery is a potential novel mechanism of pathogenesis used by leishmania to control macrophage phenotype and promote chronic infection. I profiled miRNA expression in human macrophages at later stages of infection using two independent technologies. The data showed that leishmania infection induced an overall down-regulation of miRNA expression in macrophages. This down-regulation was not caused through effects on synthesis or stability of Drosha and Dicer, two essential enzymes involved in miRNA maturation. Taken together, my findings suggest that both leishmania- and host-derived small non-coding RNAs may contribute to pathogenesis. They open up new avenues of research on small RNA pathways in leishmania infection biology, which may identify novel therapeutic approaches.
Multi-thermal jet formation triggered by flux emergence
Creators: name: Li, Xiaohong
name: Keppens, Rony
name: Zhou, Yuhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flux emergence is responsible for various solar eruptions. Combining observation and simulations, we investigate the influence of flux emergence at one footpoint of an arcade on coronal rain as well as induced eruptions. The emergence changes the pressure in the loops, and the internal coronal rain all moves to the other side. The emerging flux reconnects with the overlying magnetic field, forming a current sheet and magnetic islands. The plasma is ejected outwards and heated, forming a cool jet ~ 6000 K and a hot X-ray jet ~ 4 MK simultaneously. The jet dynamical properties agree very well between observation and simulation. In the simulation, the jet also displays transverse oscillations with a period of 8 minutes, a so-called whip-like motion. The movement of the jet and dense plasmoids changes the configuration of the local magnetic field, facilitating the occurrence of Kelvin--Helmholtz instability, and vortex-like structures form at the boundary of the jet. Our simulation clearly demonstrates the effect of emergence on coronal rain, the dynamical details of reconnecting plasmoid chains, the formation of multi-thermal jets, and the cycling of cool mass between the chromosphere and the corona.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Additional file 8 of Genome sequencing of the neotype strain CBS 554.65 reveals the MAT1–2 locus of Aspergillus niger
Creators: name: Ellena, Valeria
name: Seekles, Sjoerd J.
name: Vignolle, Gabriel A.
name: Ram, Arthur F. J.
name: Steiger, Matthias G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table S9. Gene identifiers of the analyzed Aspergillus strains and their position in the MAT locus.
Supplementary data from A ratiometric fluorescent probe for pH detection based on Ag2S quantum dots–carbon dots nanohybrids
Creators: name: Lei, Xiaoxue
name: Fu, Yiying
name: Wu, Yuan
name: Chen, Lu
name: Liang, Jiangong
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020

description: In this study, a novel ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for pH monitoring has been developed by synthesizing red fluorescent Ag2S quantum dots (Ag2S QDs) and green fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) nanohybrids (Ag2S CDs) in one pot using CDs as templates. The nanoprobe exhibits dual-emission peaks at 500 nm and 670 nm under a single-excitation wavelength of 450 nm. The red fluorescence can be selectively quenched by increasing pH, while the green fluorescence is an internal reference. Therefore, the change of the relative fluorescence intensity (I500/I670) in the ratiometric Ag2S CDs probes can be used for pH sensing. The results revealed that I500/I670 of Ag2S CDs probes was linearly related to pH variation between pH 5.4 and 6.8. Meanwhile, the Ag2S CDs probes possessed a good reversibility along with pH changing between 5.0 and 7.0 without any interruption from common metal ions, proteins and other interferences.
Discovery of two metallic cyanoacetylides in IRC+10216: HMgCCCN and NaCCCN
Creators: name: Cabezas, C.
name: Pardo, J. R.
name: Agundez, M.
name: Tercero, B.
name: Marcelino, N.
name: Endo, Y.
name: de Vicente, P.
name: Guelin, M.
name: Cernicharo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the detection of a series of six lines in the ultra-deep Q-band integration toward IRC+10216 carried out with the Yebes 40m telescope, which are in harmonic relation with integer quantum numbers J from 12 to 18. After a detailed analysis of all possible carriers, guided by high-level quantum chemical calculations, we conclude that the lines belong to HMgCCCN, named hydromagnesium cyanoacetylide. The rotational temperature and column density derived for HMgCCCN are 17.1 +/- 2.8K and (3.0 +/- 0.6) e12 cm-2, respectively. The observed abundance ratio between MgCCCN and HMgCCCN is 3. In addition, we report the discovery in space, also toward IRC+10216, of sodium cyanoacetylide, NaCCCN, for which accurate laboratory data are available. For this species we derive a rotational temperature of 13.5 +/- 1.7K and a column density of (1.2 +/- 0.2) e11 cm-2.
description: Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics as Letter to the Editor on April 3rd, 2023
The crystalline fraction of interstellar silicates in starburst galaxies
Creators: name: Kemper, F.
name: Markwick, A. J.
name: Woods, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model using the evolution of the stellar population in a starburst galaxy to predict the crystallinity of the silicates in the interstellar medium of this galaxy. We take into account dust production in stellar ejecta, and amorphisation and destruction in the interstellar medium and find that a detectable amount of crystalline silicates may be formed, particularly at high star formation rates, and in case supernovae are efficient dust producers. We discuss the effect of dust destruction and amorphisation by supernovae, and the effect of a low dust-production efficiency by supernovae, and find that when taking this into account, crystallinity in the interstellar medium becomes hard to detect. Levels of 6.5-13% crystallinity in the interstellar medium of starburst galaxies have been observed and thus we conclude that not all these crystalline silicates can be of stellar origin, and an additional source of crystalline silicates associated with the Active Galactic Nucleus must be present.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Testing protoplanetary disc evolution with CO fluxes. A proof of concept in Lupus and Upper Sco
Creators: name: Zagaria, Francesco
name: Facchini, Stefano
name: Miotello, Anna
name: Manara, Carlo F.
name: Toci, Claudia
name: Clarke, Cathie J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) revolutionised our understanding of protoplanetary discs. However, the available data have not given conclusive answers yet on the underlying disc evolution mechanisms (viscosity or MHD winds). Improving upon the current results, mostly based on the analysis of disc sizes, is difficult because larger, deeper and higher angular resolution surveys would be required, which could be prohibitive even for ALMA. In this Letter, we introduce an alternative method to study disc evolution based on $^{12}$CO fluxes. In fact, fluxes can be readily collected using less time-consuming, lower resolution observations, while tracing the same disc physico-chemical processes as sizes: assuming that $^{12}$CO is optically thick, fluxes scale with the disc surface area. We developed a semi-analytical model to compute $^{12}$CO fluxes and benchmarked it against the results of DALI thermochemical models, recovering an agreement within a factor of three. As a proof of concept we compared our models with Lupus and Upper Sco data, taking advantage of the increased samples, by a factor 1.3 (Lupus) and 3.6 (Upper Sco), when studying fluxes instead of sizes. Models and data agree well only if CO depletion is considered. However, the uncertainties on the initial conditions limited our interpretation of the observations. Our new method can be used to design future ad hoc observational strategies to collect better data and give conclusive answers on disc evolution.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in A&A Letters. Code and data available at https://github.com/fzagaria/COpops.git
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION ON THE FORMATION OF THE PARENTAL CULTURE IN THE INTERACTION OF THE PRESCHOOL INSTITUTION WITH YOUNG FAMILIES
Creators: name: Vakhnyak, N.V.
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2020
Subjects: parental culture
preschool teachers
young families
education
preschool children.

description: In the article the author analyzes the activities of the preschool institution on the formation of parenting culture in the interaction of the preschool institution with young families; considers the classification of spe-cies of young families in certain areas; presents the results of the diagnostic stage of the study, namely the sur-vey of the teaching staff of preschool education and the survey of parents of preschool children. The article also analyzes some areas of work with parents in preschool education, as well as online resources of preschool institutions that have an impact on the formation of parenting culture of young families.
On the design of type-i integer-n phase-locked loops
Creators: name: Sharkia, Ahmad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The phase-locked loop (PLL) is an essential building block of modern communication and computing systems. In a wireless communication system, a PLL is almost always used as the local oscillator (LO) that synthesizes the required frequency for data transmission and reception. In wireline and optical communication systems, PLL-based clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits are often employed for the extraction of the clock signal from the incoming data signal, and aligning the recovered clock edge with the incoming data for optimal bit-error rate (BER) performance. Furthermore, in microprocessor and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) systems, PLLs are typically used for clock generation. Although phase-locking is a very mature research topic, its continuous application in modern integrated circuits (ICs) and systems, requires continuous improvement in its performance, power consumption, and manufacturing costs. Analog Type-II PLLs are among the most widely used category of PLLs in CMOS (complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor) ICs, mainly due to their robustness, superior performance and their well-established theory. However, analog Type-II PLLs require a large area in loop-filter (LF) and employ noisy and difficult-to-design charge-pumps (CPs). All-digital PLLs are also widely used, but they suffer from the strict jitter requirements on time-to-digital converters (TDCs). We propose a Type-I PLL that uses a small LF area, does not require bias-generation circuits or CP, and consumes low power. A pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage output from the phase-frequency detector (PFD) is fed to a simple RC single-pole LF. Two major limitations of conventional Type-I topologies – limited lock-range and large reference spur – are overcome by increasing the PFD gain with a combination of a voltage booster and a digital level shifter, and a sample-and-hold (S/H) envelope detector, respectively. Furthermore, a saturated-PFD (SPFD) is proposed to reduce cycle slipping and to further improve the lock-range and lock-time. A proof-of-concept prototype 2.2-to-2.8 GHz PLL occupies a core area of 0.12 mm² in 0.13-μm CMOS and achieves 490 fsrms random jitter, -103.4 dBc/Hz in-band phase-noise, -65 dBc reference spur, 2.5 μs worst-case lock-time while consuming 6.8 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
AССОЦИАТИВНЫЕ СЛОВАРИ И ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ АССОЦИАТИВНОГО ПОЛЯ ЛЕКСЕМЫ “МAKTAB” В УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Creators: name: Лутфуллаева Дурдона Эсоновна
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ассоциация
ассоциативное отношение
ассоциативные словари
ассоциативный эксперимент
ассоци-ативное поле
ассоциат.

description: В данной статье рассматриваются научно-практические особенности ассоциативных словарей, их структуры, типы знаний, входящих в ассоциативные словари. Даны заключения, что ассоциативные словари являются продуктом языкового сознания, они отражают национальную культуру, мировоззре-ние людей, их взгляды, знания и воображение действительности. Знания, вытекающие из ассоциативных словарей, разделены на лингвистические и экстралингвистические. Определен объем лингвистических и экстралингвистических знаний, приобретаемых с помощью ассоциативных словарей. А также проанализированы ассоциативное поле лексемы maktab (школа) в узбекском языке. Прове-ден ассоциативный эксперимент со словом-стимулом maktab (школа) и было создано его ассоциативное поле. Подробно изучен лексико-семантические, грамматические, деривационные, акустические, стили-стические, прагматические особенности ассоциативных единиц, связанных со словом-стимулом maktab (школа). А также анализированы национально-культурные и социальные особенности этих единиц. По результатам ассоциативного анализа определены сильные и слабые связи ассоциативных еди-ниц со словом-стимулом maktab (школа), определены прагматические, синтагматические отношения этих лексических единиц. В то же время были сделаны научно-теоретические выводы об ассоциативном мышлении узбекского народа и об их восприятии реальности, знаний и национально-культурных взглядов о школе.
MODERN METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE EFFICIENCY OF LAND USE IN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Kolesnik, T.
name: Pronko, L.
name: Samborska, O.
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2020
Subjects: methodology
efficiency
agriculture
land
land resources
complex indicators
expert assessments.

description: This article substantiates the aspects of assessing and determining the efficiency of agricultural land use in Ukraine. Scientific approaches to the rational use of land resources in agriculture and balanced land use are analyzed. It is established that all scientific theoretical approaches are based on such main factors as ecological, economic and legal, it is found that the assessment is based on the calculation of a complex com-parative indicator, and weights are determined by the method of expert assessments. The level of land use intensity and economic efficiency of land use are determined, which are mainly based on calculations related to the area of agricultural land or arable land used for economic purposes. It is proved that for the practical implementation of the concept of sustainable land use in terms of completing the reform of land relations, agricultural producers need to adhere to comprehensive measures through which they can effectively use land.
Linear chain structure of four-$α$ clusters in $^{16}$O
Creators: name: Ichikawa, T.
name: Maruhn, J. A.
name: Itagaki, N.
name: Ohkubo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the linear-chain configurations of four-$α$ clusters in $^{16}$O using a Skyrme cranked Hartree-Fock method and discuss the relationship between the stability of such states and angular momentum. We show the existence of a region of angular momentum (13-18 $\hbar$) where the linear chain configuration is stabilized. For the first time we demonstrate that stable exotic states with a large moment of inertia ($\hbar^2/2Θ$ $\sim$ 0.06-0.08 MeV) can exist.
description: 4 pages, 6 figure
Additional file 10 of Response and oil degradation activities of a northeast Atlantic bacterial community to biogenic and synthetic surfactants
Creators: name: Nikolova, Christina N.
name: Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan
name: Magill, Clayton
name: Kleindienst, Sara
name: Joye, Samantha B.
name: Gutierrez, Tony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 9: Supplementary Figure S6. Differences in aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarker ratios of three different treatments amended with crude oil: BEWAF (seawater, crude oil, and biosurfactant), CEWAF (seawater, crude oil, and synthetic dispersant), and WAF (seawater and crude oil only), over time in days (grey boxes): nC17/pristane (nC17/pri), nC18/phytane (nC18/phy), Phenanthrene/9-methylphenanthrene (P/9MP), (3+2)-methylphenanthrene/(9+1)-mehylphenanthrene (3+2MP/9+1MP), and 3-methylphenanthrene/9-methylphenanthrene (3MP/9MP). Values are the mean of three independent replicates (except for BEWAF day 0 (two replicates) and CEWAF day 28 (one replicate)) +/- standard deviation.
Adversarial Attacks on Machine Learning-Aided Visualizations
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Takanori
name: Kucher, Kostiantyn
name: Wang, Junpeng
name: Martins, Rafael M.
name: Kerren, Andreas
name: Ynnerman, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research in ML4VIS investigates how to use machine learning (ML) techniques to generate visualizations, and the field is rapidly growing with high societal impact. However, as with any computational pipeline that employs ML processes, ML4VIS approaches are susceptible to a range of ML-specific adversarial attacks. These attacks can manipulate visualization generations, causing analysts to be tricked and their judgments to be impaired. Due to a lack of synthesis from both visualization and ML perspectives, this security aspect is largely overlooked by the current ML4VIS literature. To bridge this gap, we investigate the potential vulnerabilities of ML-aided visualizations from adversarial attacks using a holistic lens of both visualization and ML perspectives. We first identify the attack surface (i.e., attack entry points) that is unique in ML-aided visualizations. We then exemplify five different adversarial attacks. These examples highlight the range of possible attacks when considering the attack surface and multiple different adversary capabilities. Our results show that adversaries can induce various attacks, such as creating arbitrary and deceptive visualizations, by systematically identifying input attributes that are influential in ML inferences. Based on our observations of the attack surface characteristics and the attack examples, we underline the importance of comprehensive studies of security issues and defense mechanisms as a call of urgency for the ML4VIS community.
description: This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12650-024-01029-2
Representation rings of semidirect products of tori by finite groups
Creators: name: Stykow, Maxim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This dissertation studies semidirect products of a torus by a finite group from the representation theory point of view. The finite group of greatest interest is the cyclic group of prime order. Such semidirect products occur in nature as isotropy groups of Lie groups acting on themselves by conjugation and as normalizers of maximal tori in reductive linear algebraic groups. The main results of this dissertation are: a) the calculation of the representation ring of such semidirect products as an algebra over the integers for certain special cases, b) the adaptation of an algorithm from invariant theory to find finite presentations of representation rings, c) the computation of the topological K-theory of the classifying space of certain semidirect products, d) the demonstration that the equivariant K-theory of the projective unitary group of degree 2 acting on itself by conjugation is not a free module over its representation ring.
Physically Realizable Entanglement by Local Continuous Measurements
Creators: name: Mascarenhas, Eduardo
name: Cavalcanti, Daniel
name: Vedral, Vlatko
name: Santos, Marcelo Franca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum systems prepared in pure states evolve into mixtures under environmental action. Physically realizable ensembles are the pure state decompositions of those mixtures that can be generated in time through continuous measurements of the environment. Here, we define physically realizable entanglement as the average entanglement over realizable ensembles. We optimize the measurement strategy to maximize and minimize this quantity through local observations on the independent environments that cause two qubits to disentangle in time. We then compare it with the entanglement bounds for the unmonitored system. For some relevant noise sources the maximum realizable entanglement coincides with the upper bound, establishing the scheme as an alternative to locally protect entanglement. However, for local strategies, the lower bound of the unmonitored system is not reached.
description: version 2; 5 pages, 1 figure; added references;
Additional file 2 of Response and oil degradation activities of a northeast Atlantic bacterial community to biogenic and synthetic surfactants
Creators: name: Nikolova, Christina N.
name: Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan
name: Magill, Clayton
name: Kleindienst, Sara
name: Joye, Samantha B.
name: Gutierrez, Tony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary methods. Supplementary Methods and Materials used to produce the main results in this study.
PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF DONOR ZONES OF PERPHORATING FLAPS BY TRAINING WITH LOCAL NEGATIVE PRESSURE METHOD
Creators: name: Korpusenko, O.I.
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2020
Subjects: perforating flaps
dynamic infrared thermography
negative pressure.

description: The work is based on a survey of 35 healthy volunteers to establish statutory indicators of the effects of negative pressure on the skin of the thigh. Research was conducted using an infrared thermal imager Flir ONE (USA) for smartphones and tablet PCs based on Android. The following indicators were measured: T1 ascending temperature level ° С; T2 temperature level in the post-vacuum period ° C; ∆Т2,1 = Т2-Т1 difference of corresponding temperatures. Based on the analysis, it was found that the pressure Р = -130mm Hg. is the most optimal for the opening of perforators (10-12 pcs.) The action of negative local pressure promotes the opening of perforators and improves blood supply to the donor area, as evidenced by dynamic infrared thermography.
Transport-level transactions : simple consistency for complex scalable low-latency cloud applications
Creators: name: Tayarani Najaran, Mahdi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The classical move from single-server applications to scalable cloud services is to split the application state along certain dimensions into smaller partitions independently absorbable by a separate server in terms of size and load. Maintaining data consistency in the face of operations that cross partition boundaries imposes unwanted complexity on the application. While for most applications many ideal partitioning schemes readily exist, First-Person Shooter (FPS) games and Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) are instances of applications whose state can’t be trivially partitioned. For any partitioning scheme there exists an FPS/RDBMS workload that results in frequent cross-partition operations. In this thesis we propose that it is possible and effective to provide unpartitionable applications with a generic communication infrastructure that enforces strong consistency of the application’s data to simplify cross-partition communications. Using this framework the application can use a sub-optimal partitioning mechanism without having to worry about crossing boundaries. We apply our thesis to take a head-on approach at scaling our target applications. We build three scalable systems with competitive performances, used for storing data in a key/value datastore, scaling fast-paced FPS games to epic sized battles consisting of hundreds of players, and a scalable full-SQL compliant database used for storing tens of millions of items.
On SUSY breaking from NL/L SUSY relation
Creators: name: Shima, Kazunari
name: Tsuda, Motomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show in two dimensional space-time (d = 2) the relation between a N = 2 nonlinear supersymmetric (NLSUSY) model and a N = 2 linear (L) SUSY Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with matter (N = 2 LSUSY QCD theory). We give a new interpretation of four Nambu-Goldstone fermion (superon) contact terms, which emerge from a N = 2 general SUSY QCD (composite) action, as mass terms for LSUSY supermultiplets and discuss the possible SUSY breaking mechanism in NL/L SUSY relation for SUSY gauge theories in d = 2.
description: 11 pages
Partial measurements of the total field gradient and the field gradient tensor using an atomic magnetic gradiometer
Creators: name: Yu, Qianqian
name: Liu, Siqi
name: Wang, Xueke
name: Sheng, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic gradiometers have wide practical and academic applications, and two important types of field gradient observables are the total field gradient and field gradient tensor. However, measurements of the field gradient tensor have not been the focus of previous researches on atomic magnetic gradiometers. In this work, we develop an atomic magnetic gradiometer based on two separately optically pumped atomic ensembles in a Herriott-cavity-assisted atomic cell. This gradiometer shows versatile operation modes and functions, and we demonstrate them in measurements of both types of field gradient observables.
description: Accepted by Physical Review A
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SYSTEM.
Creators: name: Zhuk Artem
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2020
Subjects: state budget expenditures
efficiency
public procurement
electronic bidding.

description: The article considers the procedure established by law for the preparation, consideration, approval and implementation of the state budget. Based on the systematization of literature sources, the author's definition of the concept of "efficiency of public spending" is proposed. Topical issues of analysis of the implementation and effectiveness of state budget expenditures are considered. Methodical bases of estimation of efficiency of the state expenses are developed. Methodical approaches to the assessment of the efficiency of public expendi-tures are considered and analyzed. The own technique of estimation of efficiency of the state expenses is of-fered. The purpose of measuring the efficiency of public procurement is described. Based on the analysis of the advantages of responsible management of the efficiency of public procurement, a conceptual approach to the analysis of the efficiency of the public procurement system is proposed. The methodology for improving the efficiency of public procurement has been improved, which takes into account qualitative factors in choosing the best offer, the degree of competition by type of economic activity, the share of socially significant projects, the level of order fulfillment. The proposed method of analysis of public (public) procurement allows to com-prehensively assess their effectiveness and forms a methodological basis for substantiating the main areas of improvement of public bidding procedures and identifying reserves of budget savings. The use of such a meth-odology will allow optimal use of public resources and direct them to priority areas.
Extending PT symmetry from Heisenberg algebra to E2 algebra
Creators: name: Bender, Carl M.
name: Kalveks, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The E2 algebra has three elements, J, u, and v, which satisfy the commutation relations [u,J]=iv, [v,J]=-iu, [u,v]=0. We can construct the Hamiltonian H=J^2+gu, where g is a real parameter, from these elements. This Hamiltonian is Hermitian and consequently it has real eigenvalues. However, we can also construct the PT-symmetric and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H=J^2+igu, where again g is real. As in the case of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians constructed from the elements x and p of the Heisenberg algebra, there are two regions in parameter space for this PT-symmetric Hamiltonian, a region of unbroken PT symmetry in which all the eigenvalues are real and a region of broken PT symmetry in which some of the eigenvalues are complex. The two regions are separated by a critical value of g.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures