cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sea Level Rise and Sustainability of the Nigerian Coastal Zone
Creators: name: Popoola, Olusola Olalekan
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2012
Subjects: Sea level rise
Sustainability

description: Globally, sea levels have risen in the last century, and various projections suggest substantial increases in sea level due to climate change in this century. In Nigeria, there are no up-to-date sea level rise (SLR) assessments for the coast. Much of the Nigerian coast is low lying with the consequence that a 1 to 3 metres rise in sea level, which may result from eustatic or climate change, will have a catastrophic effect on the human activities in these regions. This study examines the consequences of continued sea level rise with a focus on erosion and inundation for the Nigerian coast and considers the coastal management practices of coastal partnerships (CPs). The Nigerian coast has been delineated according to distinct geomorphological units, which include the Barrier, Mud, Delta and Strand coasts. The Bruun model has been used to compute shoreline recession along the Nigerian coast with the exception of the Mud coast. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to develop inundation models and examine the impact scenarios that SLR will have on critical elements, which include land, population, economic activity (Gross Domestic Product), urban extent, agriculture and wetlands with the aid of high quality spatially disaggregated global data. A case study approach was used to assess the management practices of Pro-Natural International Nigeria; Niger Delta Wetland Centre, Niger Delta Development Commission; and Flood Erosion and Coastal Zone Management, Rivers State with the aid of a suite of systemic sustainability appraisal indices. Results indicate that shoreline recession will be mild along the coast while substantial loss due to inundation of the critical elements is expected for all the scenarios considered. The sustainability assessment indicates that the CPs did not meet the required standard for sustainability, however there was evidence of constructive management in some of them. This study has been able to provide up-to-date baseline data concerning the vulnerability of the coast to SLR for the four coastal systems in Nigeria. The coastal sustainability assessment, which is the first ever in Nigeria, reflects the need for corrective measures in the management practices of the CPs to achieve a sustainable coast in the light of coastal hazards.
ЧИМЁН ПИЁЗИНИ(ALLIUM TSCHIMGANICUM B. FEDTSCH.) ХРОМАТАГРАФИК ТАҲЛИЛИ
Creators: name: Якубов, Шамшод
name: Султонов, Комолитдин
name: Ахмедов, Эгамёр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Мақолада илк бор Чимён пиёзи (Allium tschimganicum B. Fedtsch.) ўсимлиги храмотографик анализи ва таҳлили берилган. Ўсимлик эфир мойининг таркибида табиий ва маданий ҳолда экилган ўсимлик 1-намуна, маданий ҳолда экилган 2-намуна, яхлит мойнинг 96.60%, 95.13% ва 96.94% ни ташкил қиладиган 84 компонент идентификация қилинган ва шундан 16 таси чириндили тупроқ шароитларида мавжуд эканлиги изланишлар давомида аниқланди.
THE NEAR-MISS EXPERIENCE: ORGANIZATION CHANGE IN THE MARITIME BRIDGE-WATCH
Creators: name: DOUWSMA, DOWARD G.
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1991

description: This thesis describes twenty-seven near-miss experiences by ten merchant marine officers on the U.S. Great Lakes. The experiences are related in the first person and include actions by self, other bridge watch members, and other vessels. The focus of the work is on the relationship between the near-miss experience and the organizational implications related to those experiences. The survey of the literature defines the near-miss experience and two major previous efforts to obtain and record maritime near-misses. The conceptual context places the near-miss in the traditional maritime organization which is defined through analysis of boundary and environment, horizontal and vertical differentiation, integration, conflict resolution, information generation, and reward structures. The conceptual context also describes three alternative perspectives of organization; systemic, social-political and architectural. The thesis is exploratory in nature: how and why the near-miss occurred and remained a near-miss rather than becoming an accident. Five propositions relating to anticipated changes in the organization structure are used as the basis for case-study analysis. These propositions relate to the changing of the organization structure by one or more persons on the bridge watch. The propositions are supported by about one-fifth of the related experiences. An additional proposition is also supported by about one-fifth of the related experiences. Recommendations include the continued collection and codification of near-miss experiences, experimentation using full-mission simulation, and research into the potential for near-misses under the one-person bridge organization structure.
A Shack-Hartmann sensor for single-shot multi-contrast imaging with hard X-rays
Creators: name: Rolo, Tomy dos Santos
name: Reich, Stefan
name: Karpov, Dmitry
name: Gasilov, Sergey
name: Kunka, Danays
name: Fohtung, Edwin
name: Baumbach, Tilo
name: Plech, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An array of compound refractive X-ray lenses (CRL) with 20x20 lenslets, a focal distance of 20 cm and a visibility of 0.93 is presented. It can be used as a Shack-Hartmann sensor for hard X-rays (SHARX) for wavefront sensing and permits for true single-shot multi-contrast imaging the dynamics of materials with a spatial resolution in the micrometer range, sensitivity on nanosized structures and temporal resolution on the microsecond scale. The object's absorption and its induced wavefront shift can be assessed simultaneously together with information from diffraction channels. This enables the imaging of hierarchical materials. In contrast to the established Hartmann sensors the SHARX has an increased flux efficiency through focusing of the beam rather than blocking parts of it. We investigated the spatiotemporal behavior of a cavitation bubble induced by laser pulses. Furthermore, we validated the SHARX by measuring refraction angles of a single diamond CRL, where we obtained an angular resolution better than 4 microrad.
Supplementary Materials
Creators: name: Gupta, Rushali
name: Song, Qunying
name: Wagner, Matthias
name: Engström, Emelie
name: Söderberg, Emma
name: Borg, Markus
name: Runeson, Per
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Supplementary materials for AI Alignment Interview Study, including an interview guide and a codebook for analysing the interview data.
On the exact location of the non-trivial zeros of Riemann's zeta function
Creators: name: de Reyna, Juan Arias
name: van de Lune, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M, 11M06, 11M26

description: In this paper we introduce the real valued real analytic function kappa(t) implicitly defined by exp(2 pi i kappa(t)) = -exp(-2 i theta(t)) * (zeta'(1/2-it)/zeta'(1/2+it)) and kappa(0)=-1/2. (where theta(t) is the function appearing in the known formula zeta(1/2+it)= Z(t) * e^{-i theta(t)}). By studying the equation kappa(t) = n (without making any unproved hypotheses), we will show that (and how) this function is closely related to the (exact) position of the zeros of Riemann's zeta(s) and zeta'(s). Assuming the Riemann hypothesis and the simplicity of the zeros of zeta(s), it will follow that the ordinate of the zero 1/2 + i gamma_n of zeta(s) will be the unique solution to the equation kappa(t) = n.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures. Added a reference
ГЛЮТТОНИМ КОМПОНЕНТЛИ ФРАЗЕМАЛАР
Creators: name: Нурлыбекова, Г.М.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ҳəрқандай халықтың, миллеттиң өзине тəн əлем миллий сəулеси болғанындай, аўқатланыў ҳəм оған тийисли болған барлық түсиниклер де ҳəр үлкеде ҳəр түрли. Тағам таярлаў, табақ жасаў, оны дастурханға тартыў, асқа мирəт етиў, жеў мəденияты менен бирге, азық-аўқат өними, асхана буйымлары да өзине тəн културологиялық, прагматикалық ҳəм мəнилик əҳмийетке ийе.
Psammodrilus Swedmark 1952
Creators: name: Mikac, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Psammodrilidae
Psammodrilus

description: Genus Psammodrilus Swedmark, 1952
Psammodrilus balanoglossoides Swedmark, 1952 DISTRIBUTION: NA.
LITERATURE RECORDS: Salvini-Plawen 1968.
description: Published as part of Mikac, Barbara, 2015, A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea, pp. 1-172 in Zootaxa 3943 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244663
Lygdamis Kinberg 1867
Creators: name: Mikac, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellariidae
Lygdamis

description: Genus Lygdamis Kinberg, 1867
® Lygdamis muratus (Allen, 1904)
DISTRIBUTION: NA.
NEW RECORDS: BM28, BM45, BM49, BM53, BM54. REMARKS: These are the first records from the Adriatic Sea. DEPOSITED MATERIAL: BM28, 19.01.2011., 4 spec. (PMR-17699).
description: Published as part of Mikac, Barbara, 2015, A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea, pp. 1-172 in Zootaxa 3943 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244663
Necessity, Possibility and the Search for Counterexamples in Human Reasoning
Creators: name: Serpell, Sylvia Mary Parnell
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2011
Subjects: Syllogisms
Conditionals - with everyday and abstract content
Transitive inference
Mental model theory

description: Abstract Necessity, Possibility and the Search for Counterexamples in Human Reasoning Sylvia Mary Parnell Serpell This thesis presents a series of experiments where endorsement rates, latencies and measures of cognitive ability were collected, to investigate the extent to which people search for counterexamples under necessity instructions, and alternative models under possibility instructions. The research was motivated by a syllogistic reasoning study carried out by Evans, Handley, Harper, and Johnson-Laird (1999), and predictions were derived from mental model theory (Johnson-Laird, 1983; Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991). With regard to the endorsement rate data: Experiment 1 failed to find evidence that a search for counterexamples or alternative models took place. In contrast experiment 2 (transitive inference) found some evidence to support the search for alternative models under possibility instructions, and following an improved training session, experiment 3 produced strong evidence to suggest that people searched for other models; which was mediated by cognitive ability. There was also strong evidence from experiments 4, 5 and 6 (abstract and everyday conditionals) to support the search for counterexamples and alternative models. Furthermore it was also found that people were more likely to find alternative causes when there were many that could be retrieved from their everyday knowledge, and that people carried out a search for counterexamples with many alternative causes under necessity instructions, and across few and many causal groups under possibility instructions. .The evidence from the latency data was limited and inconsistent, although people with higher cognitive ability were generally quicker in completing the tasks.
Lost Silence: An emergency response early detection service through continuous processing of telecommunication data streams
Creators: name: Zhou, Qianru
name: McLaughlin, Stephen
name: Gray, Alasdair J. G.
name: Wu, Shangbin
name: Wang, Chengxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Early detection of significant traumatic events, e.g. a terrorist attack or a ship capsizing, is important to ensure that a prompt emergency response can occur. In the modern world telecommunication systems could play a key role in ensuring a successful emergency response by detecting such incidents through significant changes in calls and access to the networks. In this paper a methodology is illustrated to detect such incidents immediately (with the delay in the order of milliseconds), by processing semantically annotated streams of data in cellular telecommunication systems. In our methodology, live information about the position and status of phones are encoded as RDF streams. We propose an algorithm that processes streams of RDF annotated telecommunication data to detect abnormality. Our approach is exemplified in the context of a passenger cruise ship capsizing. However, the approach is readily translatable to other incidents. Our evaluation results show that with a properly chosen window size, such incidents can be detected efficiently and effectively.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, WSP ISWC 2017 conference
Bayesian subcohort selection for longitudinal covariate measurements in follow-up studies
Creators: name: Reinikainen, Jaakko
name: Karvanen, Juha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider planning longitudinal covariate measurements in follow-up studies where covariates are time-varying. We assume that the entire cohort cannot be selected for longitudinal measurements due to financial limitations and study how a subset of the cohort should be selected optimally in order to obtain precise estimates of covariate effects in a survival model. In our approach, the study will be designed sequentially utilizing the data collected in previous measurements of the individuals as prior information. We propose using a Bayesian optimality criterion in the subcohort selections, which is compared with simple random sampling using simulated and real follow-up data. This study extends previous results where optimal subcohort selection was studied with only one re-measurement and one covariate, to more realistic cases where several covariates and measurement points are allowed. Our results support the conclusion that the precision of the estimates can be clearly improved by optimal design.
A VISUAL DESIGN METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO HIGH RELIABILITY HYPERMEDIA SYSTEMS
Creators: name: NEWMAN, ROBERT MALCOLM
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1998

description: This work addresses the problem of the production of hypermedia documentation for applications that require high reliability, particularly technical documentation in safety critical industries. One requirement of this application area is for the availability of a task-based organisation, which can guide and monitor such activities as maintenance and repair. In safety critical applications there must be some guarantee that such sequences are correctly presented. Conventional structuring and design methods for hypermedia systems do not allow such guarantees to be made. A formal design method that is based on a process algebra is proposed as a solution to this problem. Design methods of this kind need to be accessible to information designers. This is achieved by use of a technique already familiar to them: the storyboard. By development of a storyboard notation that is syntactically equivalent to a process algebra a bridge is made between information design and computer science, allowing formal analysis and refinement of the specification drafted by information designers. Process algebras produce imperative structures that do not map easily into the declarative formats used for some hypermedia systems, but can be translated into concurrent programs. This translation process, into a language developed by the author, called ClassiC, is illustrated and the properties that make ClassiC a suitable implementation target discussed. Other possible implementation targets are evaluated, and a comparative illustration given of translation into another likely target, Java.
Revealed Price Preference: Theory and Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Deb, Rahul
name: Kitamura, Yuichi
name: Quah, John K. -H.
name: Stoye, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: To determine the welfare implications of price changes in demand data, we introduce a revealed preference relation over prices. We show that the absence of cycles in this relation characterizes a consumer who trades off the utility of consumption against the disutility of expenditure. Our model can be applied whenever a consumer's demand over a strict subset of all available goods is being analyzed; it can also be extended to settings with discrete goods and nonlinear prices. To illustrate its use, we apply our model to a single-agent data set and to a data set with repeated cross-sections. We develop a novel test of linear hypotheses on partially identified parameters to estimate the proportion of the population who are revealed better off due to a price change in the latter application. This new technique can be used for nonparametric counterfactual analysis more broadly.
description: 77 pages
Error Analysis of ZFP Compression for Floating-Point Data
Creators: name: Diffenderfer, James
name: Fox, Alyson
name: Hittinger, Jeffrey
name: Sanders, Geoffrey
name: Lindstrom, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Compression of floating-point data will play an important role in high-performance computing as data bandwidth and storage become dominant costs. Lossy compression of floating-point data is powerful, but theoretical results are needed to bound its errors when used to store look-up tables, simulation results, or even the solution state during the computation. \black{In this paper, we analyze the round-off error introduced by ZFP, a %state-of-the-art lossy compression algorithm.} The stopping criteria for ZFP depends on the compression mode specified by the user; either fixed rate, fixed accuracy, or fixed precision [P. Lindstrom, Fixed-rate compressed floating-point arrays, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2014]. While most of our discussion is focused on the fixed precision mode of ZFP, we establish a bound on the error introduced by all three compression modes. In order to tightly capture the error, we first introduce a vector space that allows us to work with binary representations of components. Under this vector space, we define operators that implement each step of the ZFP compression and decompression to establish a bound on the error caused by ZFP. To conclude, numerical tests are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the established bounds.
Identifying Causal Effects via Context-specific Independence Relations
Creators: name: Tikka, Santtu
name: Hyttinen, Antti
name: Karvanen, Juha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Causal effect identification considers whether an interventional probability distribution can be uniquely determined from a passively observed distribution in a given causal structure. If the generating system induces context-specific independence (CSI) relations, the existing identification procedures and criteria based on do-calculus are inherently incomplete. We show that deciding causal effect non-identifiability is NP-hard in the presence of CSIs. Motivated by this, we design a calculus and an automated search procedure for identifying causal effects in the presence of CSIs. The approach is provably sound and it includes standard do-calculus as a special case. With the approach we can obtain identifying formulas that were unobtainable previously, and demonstrate that a small number of CSI-relations may be sufficient to turn a previously non-identifiable instance to identifiable.
description: Appeared at 33rd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2019), Vancouver, Canada
Some Differential Equations for the Riemann $θ$-Function on Jacobians
Creators: name: Wilms, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H42, 14G40

description: We prove some differential equations for the Riemann theta function associated to the Jacobian of a Riemann surface. The proof is based on some variants of a formula by Fay for the theta function, which are motivated by their analogues in Arakelov theory of Riemann surfaces.
The triangle inequality for graded real vector spaces
Creators: name: Sriwongsa, Songpon
name: Wiboonton, Keng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B70, 22E25, 26D15

description: In this paper, we prove that a natural candidate for a homogeneous norm on a graded Lie algebra of any length satisfies the triangle inequality which answers Moskowitz's question.
description: In the first version, we had the result for a graded Lie algebra of length 5. According to the review's comments, we successfully proved the result for any length. Therefore, we changed the title of the paper and updated the arguments in the main result
Sign Patterns That Allow a Positive or Nonnegative Left Inverse
Creators: name: Kim, I. J.
name: Olesky, D. D.
name: Shader, Bryan L.
name: Van Den Driessche, P.
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: bipartite digraph
subject: nonnegative left inverse
subject: positive left inverse
subject: positive left null-vector
subject: sign pattern
subject: strong Hall
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An m by n sign pattern S is an m by n matrix with entries in {+,-, 0}. Such a sign pattern allows a positive (resp., nonnegative) left inverse, provided that there exist an m by n matrix A with the sign pattern S and an n by m matrix B with only positive (resp., nonnegative) entries satisfying BA = I-n, where I-n is the n by n identity matrix. For m > n ≥ 2, a characterization of m by n sign patterns with no rows of zeros that allow a positive left inverse is given. This leads to a characterization of all m by n sign patterns with m ≥ n ≥ 2 that allow a positive left inverse, giving a generalization of the known result for the square case, which involves a related bipartite digraph. For m = n, m by n sign patterns with all entries in {+, 0} and m by 2 sign patterns with m ≥ 2 that allow a nonnegative left inverse are characterized, and some necessary or sufficient conditions for a general m by n sign pattern to allow a nonnegative left inverse are presented.
Stability Analysis of Inline ZFP Compression for Floating-Point Data in Iterative Methods
Creators: name: Fox, Alyson
name: Diffenderfer, James
name: Hittinger, Jeffrey
name: Sanders, Geoffrey
name: Lindstrom, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Currently, the dominating constraint in many high performance computing applications is data capacity and bandwidth, in both inter-node communications and even more-so in on-node data motion. A new approach to address this limitation is to make use of data compression in the form of a compressed data array. Storing data in a compressed data array and converting to standard IEEE-754 types as needed during a computation can reduce the pressure on bandwidth and storage. However, repeated conversions (lossy compression and decompression) introduce additional approximation errors, which need to be shown to not significantly affect the simulation results. We extend recent work [J. Diffenderfer, et al., Error Analysis of ZFP Compression for Floating-Point Data, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 2019] that analyzed the error of a single use of compression and decompression of the ZFP compressed data array representation [P. Lindstrom, Fixed-rate compressed floating-point arrays, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2014] to the case of time-stepping and iterative schemes, where an advancement operator is repeatedly applied in addition to the conversions. We show that the accumulated error for iterative methods involving fixed-point and time evolving iterations is bounded under standard constraints. An upper bound is established on the number of additional iterations required for the convergence of stationary fixed-point iterations. An additional analysis of traditional forward and backward error of stationary iterative methods using ZFP compressed arrays is also presented. The results of several 1D, 2D, and 3D test problems are provided to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical bounds.
Sabellaria Lamarck 1818
Creators: name: Mikac, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellariidae
Sabellaria

description: Genus Sabellaria Lamarck, 1818
Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767)
DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.
LITERATURE RECORDS: Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2003; Casellato et al. 2007; Casellato & Stefanon 2008.
Sabellaria spinulosa Leuckart, 1849
DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.
LITERATURE RECORDS: Amoureux 1976; Vaccarella et al. 1981; Mizzan 2000; Fabi et al. 2001; Simonini et al. 2007; Castelli et al. 2008; Ponti et al. 2010; Lezzi et al. 2015.
NEW RECORDS: BM11, BM74, BM91.
OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Sabellaria spinulosa alcocki Gravier, 1906; Sabellaria alcocki Gravier, 1906. REMARKS: Recent analyses (Lezzi et al. 2015) suggest that Sabellaria alcocki Gravier, 1906, species described for the Indian Ocean and reported in the Mediterranean including the Adriatic Sea (Amoureux 1976; Castelli et al. 2008), should not be present in the Mediterranean area. Records probably correspond to specimens of S. spinulosa at different stages of development.
description: Published as part of Mikac, Barbara, 2015, A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea, pp. 1-172 in Zootaxa 3943 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244663
The minimally extended Varying Speed of Light (meVSL)
Creators: name: Lee, Seokcheon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even though there have been the various varying speed of light (VSL) cosmology models, they remain out of the mainstream because of their possible violation of physics laws built into fundamental physics. In order to be the VSL as a viable theory, it should inherit the success of special relativity including Maxwell equations and thermodynamics at least. Thus, we adopt that the speed of light, $\tilde c$ varies for the cosmic time not for the local time, i.e., $\tilde c[z]$ where $z$ is the cosmological redshift. When one describes the background FLRW universe, one can define the constant-time hypersurface by using physical quantities such as temperature, density, and $\tilde c$. It is because they evolve in time, and the homogeneity of the Universe demands that they must equal at the equal cosmic time. The variation of $\tilde c$ accompanies the joint variations of all related physical constants in order to satisfy the Lorentz invariance, thermodynamics, and Bianchi identity. We call this VSL model as a "minimally extended VSL (meVSL)". We derive cosmological observables of meVSL and obtain the constraints on the variation of $\tilde c$ by using the current observations. Interestingly, $z$ and all geometrical distances except the luminosity distance of meVSL are the same as those of general relativity. However, the Hubble parameter of meVSL is rescaled as $H = (1+z)^{-b/4} H^{(\rm GR)}$ which might be used as a solution for the tension of the Hubble parameter measurements. In this manuscript, we provide the main effects of meVSL on various cosmological observations including BBN, CMB, SZE, BAO, SNe, GWs, H, SL, and $Δα$.
description: 89 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. To match the version accepted by JCAP, correct typos
The Effect of Probiotics on Bacterial Human Skin Pathogens
Creators: name: Al-Attwani, Jasim Hussein
Publisher: name: Plymouth University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Bacterial human skin pathogens
Probiotics

description: Probiotic bacteria have been investigated in the prevention and treatment of various diseases and allergies. The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of eight probiotic Lactobacillus species against bacterial human skin pathogens using several techniques. Antimicrobial activity of lactobacilli against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Propionibacterium acnes was evaluated using lactobacilli broth cultures (BCB) and cell free supernatant (CFS). Antimicrobial activity was significantly greater with BCB compared with CFS especially for Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Lactobacilli and pathogen aggregation, biofilm formation and adhesion to keratin were assessed. L. casei and L. plantarum were selected for further study as they showed the greatest co-aggregation (18.02 ± 1.34% with L. casei and 14.92 ± 1.45% with L. plantarum) with the pathogens (16.63 ± 1.65% with S. aureus 3761 and 14.58 ± 1.68% with P. aeruginosa) and prevention of biofilm formation by the pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of human beta defensin-2 (hBD-2) alone or with L. plantarum against pathogens was assessed. The results with hBD-2 showed that hBD-2 (10 μg / ml for 5 h) and L. plantarum together were significantly more inhibitory against S. aureus than hBD-2 alone. The presence of NaCl reduced the effectiveness of hBD-2 alone and with L. plantarum. In the presence of L. plantarum, inactivation of mprF and dlt genes led to increased binding of hBD-2 by the bacterial cell wall, and then inhibition growth of bacterial cell wall. Studies investigated the effect of exposure of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to the supernatant of L. plantarum the susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactams. MRSA became sensitive to β-lactams when treated with culture supernatant of L. plantarum. Gene expression studies demonstrated that the mecR1-mecI-mecA-PBP2 signalling pathway was impeded by exposure to culture supernatant of L. plantarum and β-lactams. The studies reported here demonstrate a possible alternative approach to dealing with skin pathogens, which may have clinical implications especially with regard to MRSA infections, and continued research is advised.
THE ROLE OF THE ROV WITHIN INTEGRATED GEOTECHNICAL AND HYDROGRAPHIC SITE INVESTIGATION
Creators: name: GILLON, ROSEMARY JAYNE BROWNING
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2002

description: The acquisition of marine survey data is traditionally undertaken from surface vessels including boats and temporary rigs. Translation of these techniques to the nearshore zone is a complex task and requires equipment adaptation and. often the sacrifice of data coverage. The remotely operated vehicle (ROV) offers the potential for overcoming some of the standard nearshore survey Concems, providing remote intervention and data acquisition in areas of restricted access. In situ testing is the most efficient and reliable method of acquiring data with minimal sediment disturbance effects. Research has been undertaken into the viability of nearshore cone penetration testing (CPT) which has shown the T-Bar flow round penetrometer to be a possible solution. Data could be acquired in sediments with undrained shear strengths of up to 300 kPa from a bottom crawling ROV weighing 260 kgf and measuring 1 m in length by 0.6 m in width. The collection of sediment cores may be necessary in areas requiring ground truthing for geophysical or in situ investigations. A pneumatic piston corer has been designed and manufactured and is capable of collecting sediment cores up to 400 mm in length, 38 mm in diameter, in sediment with undrained shear strength of 17 kPa. To ascertain additional sediment characteristics in situ, a resistivity subbottom profiling system has also been designed and tested and allows for discrimination between sediment types ranging in size from gravel to silt. The integration of equipment and testing procedures can be fiirther developed through the use of integrated data management approaches such as geographical information systems (GIS). An offthe- shelf GIS, Arclnfo 8, was used to create a GIS containing typical nearshore data using the Dart estuary as a case study location.
Do-search -- a tool for causal inference and study design with multiple data sources
Creators: name: Karvanen, Juha
name: Tikka, Santtu
name: Hyttinen, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Epidemiological evidence is based on multiple data sources including clinical trials, cohort studies, surveys, registries and expert opinions. Merging information from different sources opens up new possibilities for the estimation of causal effects. We show how causal effects can be identified and estimated by combining experiments and observations in real and realistic scenarios. As a new tool, we present do-search, a recently developed algorithmic approach that can determine the identifiability of a causal effect. The approach is based on do-calculus, and it can utilize data with non-trivial missing data and selection bias mechanisms. When the effect is identifiable, do-search outputs an identifying formula on which numerical estimation can be based. When the effect is not identifiable, we can use do-search to recognize additional data sources and assumptions that would make the effect identifiable. Throughout the paper, we consider the effect of salt-adding behavior on blood pressure mediated by the salt intake as an example. The identifiability of this effect is resolved in various scenarios with different assumptions on confounding. There are scenarios where the causal effect is identifiable from a chain of experiments but not from survey data, as well as scenarios where the opposite is true. As an illustration, we use survey data from NHANES 2013--2016 and the results from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and estimate the reduction in average systolic blood pressure under an intervention where the use of table salt is discontinued.
Unstabilized Hybrid High-Order method for a class of degenerate convex minimization problems
Creators: name: Carstensen, C.
name: Tran, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12 (Primary), 65N30, 65Y20 (Secondary)

description: The relaxation in the calculus of variation motivates the numerical analysis of a class of degenerate convex minimization problems with non-strictly convex energy densities with some convexity control and two-sided $p$-growth. The minimizers may be non-unique in the primal variable but lead to a unique stress $σ\in H(\operatorname{div},Ω;\mathbb{M})$. Examples include the p-Laplacian, an optimal design problem in topology optimization, and the convexified double-well problem. The approximation by hybrid high-order methods (HHO) utilizes a reconstruction of the gradients with piecewise Raviart-Thomas or BDM finite elements without stabilization on a regular triangulation into simplices. The application of this HHO method to the class of degenerate convex minimization problems allows for a unique $H(\operatorname{div})$ conforming stress approximation $σ_h$. The main results are a~priori and a posteriori error estimates for the stress error $σ-σ_h$ in Lebesgue norms and a computable lower energy bound. Numerical benchmarks display higher convergence rates for higher polynomial degrees and include adaptive mesh-refining with the first superlinear convergence rates of guaranteed lower energy bounds.
Bounding Infection Prevalence by Bounding Selectivity and Accuracy of Tests: With Application to Early COVID-19
Creators: name: Stoye, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: I propose novel partial identification bounds on infection prevalence from information on test rate and test yield. The approach utilizes user-specified bounds on (i) test accuracy and (ii) the extent to which tests are targeted, formalized as restriction on the effect of true infection status on the odds ratio of getting tested and thereby embeddable in logit specifications. The motivating application is to the COVID-19 pandemic but the strategy may also be useful elsewhere.
 Evaluated on data from the pandemic's early stage, even the weakest of the novel bounds are reasonably informative. Notably, and in contrast to speculations that were widely reported at the time, they place the infection fatality rate for Italy well above the one of influenza by mid-April.
Wheat hardness by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy: New insights
Creators: name: Manley, Marena
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1995

description: The determination of wheat hardness by the evaluation of whole wheat grain would be of considerable value to the UK Milling Industry. Until now, accurate whole wheat grain hardness predictions by NIR spectroscopy have only been reported for North American wheats. By the evaluation of selected samples of UK and North American wheats this study showed that the prediction of whole wheat grain hardness by NTR spectroscopy depends only on the scattering properties of the sample and that there is no direct relationship with chemical composition. The scattering effect, in case of whole wheat grain reflectance and transmittance spectra, was found not to be multiplicative as in the case of ground wheat grain spectra. Empirical NIR spectroscopy calibrations are often performed without knowing what is measured or understanding the basis of the measurement. In other words the NIR spectrophotometer is often used as a "black box". Empirical calibrations were performed using three different software packages i.e. lnfrasoft International (ISI) Software, NIRSystems Spectral Analysis Software (NSAS) and UNSCRAMBLER. Successful NIR spectroscopy hardness measurements on ground wheat are based on light scattering. Separating the scattering effect from whole wheat grain spectra mathematically allowed predictions not significantly different to empirical calibrations, with the benefit of a theoretical explanation and fewer terms used. Although hardness predictions for whole wheat grain were not as accurate as in the case of ground wheat grain, it did prove to predict hardness with an acceptable accuracy with practical use as screening methods for grain trading. This study did not completely solve the problem of predicting whole wheat grain hardness by NIR spectroscopy, but new insights were provided which would hopefully encourage further work in this area and lead to a more complete fundamental understanding of the properties of whole wheat grain hardness using NIR spectroscopy.
Existence and convergence of the length-preserving elastic flow of clamped curves
Creators: name: Rupp, Fabian
name: Spener, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53E40 (primary), 35K52, 35K55(secondary)

description: We study the evolution of curves with fixed length and clamped boundary conditions moving by the negative $L^2$-gradient flow of the elastic energy. For any initial curve lying merely in the energy space we show existence and parabolic smoothing of the solution. Applying previous results on long time existence and proving a constrained Lojasiewicz-Simon gradient inequality we furthermore show convergence to a critical point as time tends to infinity.
description: 32 pages, final version. To appear in J. Evol. Equ
Koopman Spectrum Nonlinear Regulators and Efficient Online Learning
Creators: name: Ohnishi, Motoya
name: Ishikawa, Isao
name: Lowrey, Kendall
name: Ikeda, Masahiro
name: Kakade, Sham
name: Kawahara, Yoshinobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Most modern reinforcement learning algorithms optimize a cumulative single-step cost along a trajectory. The optimized motions are often 'unnatural', representing, for example, behaviors with sudden accelerations that waste energy and lack predictability. In this work, we present a novel paradigm of controlling nonlinear systems via the minimization of the Koopman spectrum cost: a cost over the Koopman operator of the controlled dynamics. This induces a broader class of dynamical behaviors that evolve over stable manifolds such as nonlinear oscillators, closed loops, and smooth movements. We demonstrate that some dynamics characterizations that are not possible with a cumulative cost are feasible in this paradigm, which generalizes the classical eigenstructure and pole assignments to nonlinear decision making. Moreover, we present a sample efficient online learning algorithm for our problem that enjoys a sub-linear regret bound under some structural assumptions.
description: 41 pages, 21 figures
Body composition and feeding behaviour of karatekas members of national teams
Creators: name: Nabila, MIMOUNI-TOUABTI
name: zaki, saliha
name: mouaz, NF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Nutrition, composition corporelle, karaté

description: The aim of this study is to see how a karate can improve its performance by considering the nutritional profile as well as the body composition.

Our study was carried out on a population composed of 24 high-level karatekas which are subdivided into two groups according to their sex, represented by 15 men and 9 women. The food survey was conducted using a food questionnaire, a body composition analyzer (IN BODY 770) and the anthropometric method allowed us to assess body composition. The results show excess fat in karatekas men, unlike women. On the Overall our male karatekas do not have a good body composition (excess fat), while the latter is an indispensable index of the evaluation of the nutritional profile, unlike women who represent a good body composition
Amphicorina Quatrefages 1850
Creators: name: Mikac, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Amphicorina

description: Genus Amphicorina Quatrefages, 1850
Amphicorina armandi (Claparède, 1864)
DISTRIBUTION: NA, SA.
LITERATURE RECORDS: Banse 1959; Kiseleva 1964; Zavodnik 1965, 1967a, 1967b; Banse 1970; Katzmann 1971, 1972; Velimirov & Sint 1975; Giangrande 1989; Gherardi et al. 1993; Požar-Domac 1994; Giangrande et al. 1999; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Giangrande et al. 2004; Castelli et al. 2008.
OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Oriopsis armandi (Claparède, 1864); Oridia armandi Claparède, 1864.
Amphicorina eimeri (Langerhans, 1880)
DISTRIBUTION: SA.
LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande 1989; Požar-Domac 1994; Giangrande et al. 1999; Castelli et al. 2008. OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Oriopsis eimeri Langerhans, 1880.
Amphicorina grahamensis Giangrande, Montanaro & Castelli, 1999 DISTRIBUTION: SA.
LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 2003; Castelli et al. 2008.
Amphicorina persinosa (Ben-Eliahu, 1975)
DISTRIBUTION: SA.
LITERATURE RECORDS: Giangrande et al. 1999; Fraschetti et al. 2002; Castelli et al. 2008.
* Amphicorina rovignensis Mikac, Giangrande and Licciano, 2013 DISTRIBUTION: NA
LITERATURE RECORDS: Mikac et al. 2013.
REMARKS: The species is so far only known from four hard bottom stations in the NA.
description: Published as part of Mikac, Barbara, 2015, A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea, pp. 1-172 in Zootaxa 3943 (1) on page 95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244663
Reply to comment on "An Active Plume Eruption on Europa During Galileo Flyby E26 as Indicated by Energetic Proton Depletions"
Creators: name: Huybrighs, H. L. F.
name: Roussos, E.
name: Blöcker, A.
name: Krupp, N.
name: Futaana, Y.
name: Barabash, S.
name: Hadid, L. Z.
name: Holmberg, M. K. G.
name: Witasse, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Huybrighs et al., 2020 we investigated energetic proton depletions along Galileo's Europa flyby E26. Based on a particle tracing analysis we proposed that depletions are caused by perturbed electrogmagnetic fields combined with atmospheric charge exchange and possible plumes. One depletion feature identified as a plume signature was shown to be an artefact Jia et al., 2021. Despite that, here we emphasize that Huybrighs et al., 2020 demonstrates that plumes can cause proton depletions and that these features should be sought after. Furthermore, the conclusions on the importance of perturbed electromagnetic fields and atmospheric charge exchange on the depletions are unaffected. We suggest that the artefact's cause is a mistagging of protons as heavier ions by EPD. The artefact prevents us from confirming or excluding that there is a plume associated depletion. We also address comments on the MHD simulations and demonstrate that 540-1040 keV losses are not necessarily inconsistent with 115-244 keV losses by plume associated charge exchange.
description: accepted to journal of geophysical research letters