cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
General relativistic 'screening' in cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Hahn, Oliver
name: Paranjape, Aseem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the issue of interpreting the results of large volume cosmological simulations in the context of large scale general relativistic effects. We look for simple modifications to the nonlinear evolution of the gravitational potential $ψ$ that lead on large scales to the correct, fully relativistic description of density perturbations in the Newtonian gauge. We note that the relativistic constraint equation for $ψ$ can be cast as a diffusion equation, with a diffusion length scale determined by the expansion of the Universe. Exploiting the weak time evolution of $ψ$ in all regimes of interest, this equation can be further accurately approximated as a Helmholtz equation, with an effective relativistic 'screening' scale $\ell$ related to the Hubble radius. We demonstrate that it is thus possible to carry out N-body simulations in the Newtonian gauge by replacing Poisson's equation with this Helmholtz equation, involving a trivial change in the Green's function kernel. Our results also motivate a simple, approximate (but very accurate) gauge transformation - $δ_{\rm N}(\mathbf{k}) \approx δ_{\rm sim}(\mathbf{k})\times (k^2+\ell^{-2})/k^2$ - to convert the density field $δ_{\rm sim}$ of standard collisionless N-body simulations (initialised in the comoving synchronous gauge) into the Newtonian gauge density $δ_{\rm N}$ at arbitrary times. A similar conversion can also be written in terms of particle positions. Our results can be interpreted in terms of a Jeans stability criterion induced by the expansion of the Universe. The appearance of the screening scale $\ell$ in the evolution of $ψ$, in particular, leads to a natural resolution of the 'Jeans swindle' in the presence of super-horizon modes.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, minor changes to match version accepted by PRD
Metastatic liver tumour segmentation from discriminant Grassmannian manifolds
Creators: name: Kadoury, Samuel
name: Vorontsov, Eugene
name: Tang, An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The early detection, diagnosis and monitoring of liver cancer progression can be achieved with the precise delineation of metastatic tumours. However, accurate automated segmentation remains challenging due to the presence of noise, inhomogeneity and the high appearance variability of malignant tissue. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised metastatic liver tumour segmentation framework using a machine learning approach based on discriminant Grassmannian manifolds which learns the appearance of tumours with respect to normal tissue. First, the framework learns within-class and between-class similarity distributions from a training set of images to discover the optimal manifold discrimination between normal and pathological tissue in the liver. Second, a conditional optimisation scheme computes nonlocal pairwise as well as pattern-based clique potentials from the manifold subspace to recognise regions with similar labelings and to incorporate global consistency in the segmentation process. The proposed framework was validated on a clinical database of 43 CT images from patients with metastatic liver cancer. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves a better performance on two separate datasets of metastatic liver tumours from different clinical sites, yielding an overall mean Dice similarity coefficient of 90.7 +/- 2.4 in over 50 tumours with an average volume of 27.3 mm3.
The Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ superconducting four-gap temperature evolution: a multi-band Chebyshev-BdG approach
Creators: name: Moeckli, David
name: de Mello, Evandro Vidor Lins
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the Chebyshev-Bogoliubov-deGennes method to treat multi-band systems to address the temperature dependence of the superconducting (SC) gaps of iron based superconductors. Four SC gaps associated with different electron and hole pockets of optimally doped Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ were clearly identified by angle resolved photo-emission spectroscopy. The few approaches that reproduces with success this gap structure are based on strong-coupling theories and required many adjustable parameters. We show that an approach with a redistribution of electron population between the hole and electron pockets $ν$ with evolving temperature reproduces the different coupling ratios $2Δ^ν(0)/k_{\rm B} T_c$ in these materials. We define the values that fit the four zero temperature gaps $Δ^ν(0)$ and after that all $Δ^ν(T)$ is obtained without any additional parameter.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Aquifer heterogeneity controls to quality monitoring network performance for the protection of groundwater production wells
Creators: name: Sarris, Theofilos S.
name: Kenny, Allanah
name: Scott, David M.
name: Close, Murray E.
Publisher: name: Institute of Environmental Science and Research
Year: 2023
Subjects: Groundwater hydrology

description: A groundwater monitoring network surrounding a pumping well (such as a public water supply) allows for early contaminant detection and mitigation where possible contaminant source locations are often unknown. This numerical study investigates how the contaminant detection probability of a hypothetical sentinel-well monitoring network consisting of one to four monitoring wells is affected by aquifer spatial heterogeneity and dispersion characteristics, where the contaminant source location is randomized. This is achieved through a stochastic framework using a Monte Carlo approach. A single production well is considered that results in converging non-uniform flow close to the well. Optimal network arrangements are obtained by maximizing a weighted risk function that considers true and false positive detection rates, sampling frequency, early detection, and contaminant travel time uncertainty. Aquifer dispersivity is found to be the dominant parameter for the quantification of network performance. For the range of parameters considered, a single monitoring well screening the full aquifer thickness is expected to correctly and timely identify at least 12% of all incidents resulting in contaminants reaching the production well. This proportion increases to a global maximum of 96% for a network consisting of four wells and very dispersive transport conditions. Irrespective of network size and sampling frequency, more dispersive transport conditions result in higher detection rates. Increasing aquifer heterogeneity and decreasing aquifer spatial continuity also lead to higher detection rates, though these effects are diminished for networks of 3 or more wells. Statistical anisotropy has no effect on the network performance. Earlier detection, which is critical for remedial action and supply safety, comes with a significant cost in terms of detection rate, and should be carefully considered when a monitoring network is being designed.
Optimal Filter Selection for Multispectral Object Classification Using Fast Binary Search
Creators: name: Sippel, Frank
name: Seiler, Jürgen
name: Kaup, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: When designing multispectral imaging systems for classifying different spectra it is necessary to choose a small number of filters from a set with several hundred different ones. Tackling this problem by full search leads to a tremendous number of possibilities to check and is NP-hard. In this paper we introduce a novel fast binary search for optimal filter selection that guarantees a minimum distance metric between the different spectra to classify. In our experiments, this procedure reaches the same optimal solution as with full search at much lower complexity. The desired number of filters influences the full search in factorial order while the fast binary search stays constant. Thus, fast binary search allows to find the optimal solution of all combinations in an adequate amount of time and avoids prevailing heuristics. Moreover, our fast binary search algorithm outperforms other filter selection techniques in terms of misclassified spectra in a real-world classification problem.
Know the single-receptor sensing limit? Think again
Creators: name: Aquino, Gerardo
name: Wingreen, Ned S.
name: Endres, Robert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: How cells reliably infer information about their environment is a fundamentally important question. While sensing and signaling generally start with cell-surface receptors, the degree of accuracy with which a cell can measure external ligand concentration with even the simplest device - a single receptor - is surprisingly hard to pin down. Recent studies provide conflicting results for the fundamental physical limits. Comparison is made difficult as different studies either suggest different readout mechanisms of the ligand-receptor occupancy, or differ on how ligand diffusion is implemented. Here we critically analyse these studies and present a unifying perspective on the limits of sensing, with wide-ranging biological implications.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Script training and generalization for people with aphasia
Creators: name: Goldberg, Samantha R.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: A multiple baseline study was conducted to test the effect of script training intervention on fluency, rate of speech, grammatical complexity, and content production of target scripts for two participants with non-fluent aphasia. Script training occurred in person and via Skype. Both participants showed improvement on all variables for both scripts, with the greatest effects for rate of speech for both participants, as well as use of script-related words for Participant A and number of disfluencies Participant B. During generalization probes, both participants demonstrated functional use of their learned scripts in a less structured communicative context. Factors that influenced accuracy and rate of script learning included self-cueing skills, motivation, and level of impairment.
Parton Distributions and New Physics Searches: the Drell-Yan Forward-Backward Asymmetry as a Case Study
Creators: name: Ball, Richard D.
name: Candido, Alessandro
name: Forte, Stefano
name: Hekhorn, Felix
name: Nocera, Emanuele R.
name: Rojo, Juan
name: Schwan, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the sensitivity of theoretical predictions of observables used in searches for new physics to parton distributions (PDFs) at large momentum fraction $x$. Specifically, we consider the neutral-current Drell-Yan production of gauge bosons with invariant masses in the TeV range, for which the forward-backward asymmetry of charged leptons from the decay of the gauge boson in its rest frame is a traditional probe of new physics. We show that the qualitative behaviour of the asymmetry depends strongly on the assumptions made in determining the underlying PDFs. We discuss and compare the large-$x$ behaviour of various different PDF sets, and find that they differ significantly. Consequently, the shape of the asymmetry observed at lower dilepton invariant masses, where all PDF sets are in reasonable agreement because of the presence of experimental constraints, is not necessarily reproduced at large masses where the PDFs are mostly unconstrained by data. It follows that the shape of the asymmetry at high masses may depend on assumptions made in the PDF parametrization, and thus deviations from the traditionally expected behaviour cannot be taken as a reliable indication of new physics. We demonstrate that forward-backward asymmetry measurements could help in constraining PDFs at large $x$ and discuss the accuracy that would be required to disentangle the effects of new physics from uncertainties in the PDFs in this region.
description: 27 pages, 20 figures. v2: version accepted for publication in EPJC
A search for stellar tidal streams around Milky Way analogues from the SAGA sample
Creators: name: Miro-Carretero, Juan
name: Martinez-Delgado, David
name: Farras-Aloy, Silvia
name: Gomez-Flechoso, Maria A.
name: Cooper, Andrew
name: Roca-Fabrega, Santi
name: Kuijken, Konrad
name: Akhlaghi, Mohammad
name: Donatiello, Giussepe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Stellar tidal streams are the result of tidal interactions between a central galaxy and lower mass systems like satellite galaxies or globular clusters. For the Local Group, many diffuse substructures have been identified and their link to the galaxy evolution has been traced. However it cannot be assumed that the Milky Way or M31 are representative of their galaxy class, and a larger sample of analogue galaxies beyond the Local Group is required to be able to generalise the underlying theory. Aims. We want to characterise photometrically the stellar streams around Milky Way analogues in the local Universe with the goal to deepen our understanding of the interaction between host and satellite galaxies, and ultimately of the galaxy formation and evolution processes. Methods. In the present work we identified and analysed stellar tidal streams around Milky Way analogue galaxies from the SAGA sample, using deep images of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (for this sample, we obtain a range of r-band surface brightness limit between 27.8 and 29 mag / arcsec2). We measure the surface brightness and colours of the detected streams using GNU Astronomy Utilities software. Results. We identified 16 new stellar tidal streams around Milky Way analogue galaxies at distances between 25 and 40 Mpc. Applying statistical analysis to our findings for the SAGA II galaxy sample, we obtained a frequency of 12.2% +/- 2.4% for stellar streams. We measured surface brightness and colours of the detected streams, and the comparison to the dwarf satellite galaxies population around galaxies belonging to the same SAGA sample shows that the mean colour of the streams is 0.20 mag redder than that of the SAGA satellites; also, the streams are, in average, 0.057 +/- 0.021 mag redder that their progenitor, for those cases when a likely progenitor could be identified.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Silicon and silicon-nitrogen impurities in graphene: structure, energetics and effects on electronic transport
Creators: name: Ervasti, Mikko M.
name: Fan, Zheyong
name: Uppstu, Andreas
name: Krasheninnikov, Arkady
name: Harju, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the atomic structure and energetics of silicon and silicon-nitrogen impurities in graphene. Using density-functional theory, we get insight into the atomic structures of the impurities, evaluate their formation energies and assess their abundance in realistic samples. We find that nitrogen, as well as oxygen and hydrogen, are trapped at silicon impurities, considerably altering the electronic properties of the system. Furthermore, we show that nitrogen doping can induce local magnetic moments resulting in spin-dependent transport properties, even though neither silicon nor nitrogen impurities are magnetic by themselves. To simulate large systems with many randomly distributed impurities, we derive tight-binding models that describe the effects of the impurities on graphene π electron structure. Then by using the linear-scaling real-space Kubo-Greenwood method, we evaluate the transport properties of large-scale systems with random distribution of impurities, and find the fingerprint-like scattering cross sections for each impurity type. The transport properties vary widely, and our results indicate that some of the impurities can even induce strong localization in realistic graphene samples.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Phenomenology of the Z-boson plus jet process at NNLO
Creators: name: Boughezal, Radja
name: Liu, Xiaohui
name: Petriello, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed phenomenological study of Z-boson production in association with a jet through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. Fiducial cross sections and differential distributions for both 8 TeV and 13 TeV LHC collisions are presented. We study the impact of different parton distribution functions (PDFs) on predictions for the Z+jet process. Upon inclusion of the NNLO corrections, the residual scale uncertainty is reduced such that both the total rate and the transverse momentum distributions can be used to discriminate between various PDF sets.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1602.06965
Chilocco Survivors: Contested Discourses in Narrative Responses to Ponca Alcohol Abuse
Creators: name: Scott, Erica A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This paper discusses the effects of the Chilocco Indian School boarding school experience on members of the Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma through the lens of attitudes towards alcohol use and abuse. I argue that narrative storytelling reveals conflicting discourses that grapple with whether derivation of the Chilocco ideology of personal responsibility for alcohol is acceptable or beneficial. Drawing on Singer et al and Spicer, I utilize an analytical framework that links the realities of political economy with the effects of communal transmission of historical trauma across generations. I argue that contestation illustrates that Ogbu's theory of cultural inversion is not wholly applicable. Some alumnae find the American ideal of personal responsibility useful; others disparage the application of personal responsibility to alcohol abuse as another American attack. I conclude that both approaches are politically motivated acts aimed at eliminating alcohol abuse.
Alternative Pathways to Employment: Family Supported Entrepreneurship for Neurodivergent Young Adults
Creators: name: Danguilan, Christianna Ruth
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Family-supported entrepreneurship is a pathway to alternative employment for neurodivergent young adults (NDYA) who often face barriers to opportunities of postsecondary vocational, higher education, and competitive integrated employment. Family assistance with entrepreneurship is a foundation for interdependence that NDYAs need to meet the developmental challenges in the construction of self-determination during their transition to adulthood. It is unclear, however, whether and to what extent the novel approach of employment and education through entrepreneurship embodies this process in the NDYA and how families assist in its access. This research represents an exploration of entrepreneurship through dyadic interviews of NDYA entrepreneurs and their family support member. These interviews sought to understand experiences with entrepreneurship to identify related activities and events influential to the development of self-determination in the context of family, community, and secondary transition institutional systems. This research employs a Critical Disability Studies lens to visualize interdependence framed by feminist care ethics and standpoint theory, and it discerns family supported entrepreneurship to be a viable means of employment capacious for platforming personal growth and the development of attributes anticipated in adulthood. As such, it offers alternative options for postsecondary employment and community engagement while expanding the definition of interdependence and the role of family in the life course of NDYAs. The non-economic outcomes of family supported entrepreneurship for the NDYA are of interest to postsecondary transition, employment, community integration, and family inclusive self-determination intervention programming; as well as informing a wider and more nuanced understanding of neurodivergent interdependence and socially productive identity.
Suppression and enhancement of decoherence in an atomic Josephson junction
Creators: name: Japha, Yonathan
name: Zhou, Shuyu
name: Keil, Mark
name: Folman, Ron
name: Henkel, Carsten
name: Vardi, Ami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the role of interactions for a Bose gas trapped in a double-well potential ("Bose-Josephson junction") when external noise is applied and the system is initially delocalized with equal probability amplitudes in both sites. The noise may have two kinds of effects: loss of atoms from the trap, and random shifts in the relative phase or number difference between the two wells. The effects of phase noise are mitigated by atom-atom interactions and tunneling, such that the dephasing rate may be reduced to half its single-atom value. Decoherence due to number noise (which induces fluctuations in the relative atom number between the wells) is considerably enhanced by the interactions. A similar scenario is predicted for the case of atom loss, even if the loss rates from the two sites are equal. In fact, interactions convert the increased uncertainty in atom number (difference) into (relative) phase diffusion and reduce the coherence across the junction. We examine the parameters relevant for these effects using a simple model of the trapping potential based on an atom chip device. These results provide a framework for mapping the dynamical range of barriers engineered for specific applications and sets the stage for more complex circuits ("atomtronics").
Using maternal and neonatal data collection systems for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines active safety surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: an international modified Delphi study - Supplementary materials
Creators: name: pingray, veronica
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Active safety surveillance
subject: COVID-19
subject: Delphi
subject: pregnancy

description: Background: Given that pregnant women are now included among those for receipt coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, it is important to ensure that information systems can be used (or available) for active safety surveillance, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to build consensus about the use of existing maternal and neonatal data collection systems in LMICs for COVID-19 vaccines active safety surveillance, a basic set of variables, and the suitability and feasibility of including pregnant women and LMIC research networks in COVID-19 vaccines pre-licensure activities. Methods: A three-stage modified Delphi study was conducted over three months in 2020. An international multidisciplinary panel of 16 experts participated. Ratings distributions and consensus were assessed, and ratings’ rationale was analyzed. Conclusions: Although there was some uncertainty regarding feasibility, experts recommended using maternal and neonatal data collection systems and agreed on a common set of variables for COVID-19 vaccines active safety surveillance in LMICs
Spectroscopic detection of Altair's non-radial pulsations
Creators: name: Rieutord, M.
name: Petit, P.
name: Reese, D.
name: Böhm, T.
name: Ariste, A. Lopez
name: Mirouh, G.
name: de Souza, A. Domiciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Rapid rotation is a common feature of early-type stars but which remains a challenge for the models. The understanding of its effect on stellar evolution is however imperative to interpret the observed properties of numerous stars. Aims: We wish to bring more observational constraints on the properties of fast rotating stars, especially on their oscillation modes. Methods: We focus on the nearby star Altair which is known as a very rapidly rotating star with an equatorial velocity estimated recently at 313 km/s. We observed this star with the high-resolution spectropolarimeter Neo-Narval during six nights, with one night of interruption, in September 2020. Results: We detect significant line profile variations on the mean line profile of the spectra. Their time-frequency analysis shows that these variations are induced by gravito-inertial waves propagating at Altair's surface with azimuthal wavenumbers of order $m=10-15$. With a preliminary computation of the eigenspectrum using the most recent concordance model of Altair we can give a first modelling of the observed waves. Conclusions: Altair was known as the brightest $δ$ Scuti star. We now see that it is the brightest hybrid oscillating star with excited gravito-inertial waves and acoustic waves. Clearly, more observations and more advanced models are needed to explain the observations in greater details
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Revisiting Thermal Charge Carrier Refractive Noise in Semiconductor Optics for Gravitational-Wave Interferometers
Creators: name: Siegel, Harrison
name: Levin, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The test masses in next-generation gravitational-wave interferometers may have a semiconductor substrate, most likely silicon. The stochastic motion of charge carriers within the semiconductor will cause random fluctuations in the material's index of refraction, introducing a noise source called Thermal Charge Carrier Refractive (TCCR) noise. TCCR noise was previously studied in 2020 by Bruns et al., using a Langevin force approach. Here we compute the power spectral density of TCCR noise by both using the Fluctuation-Dissipation theorem (FDT) and accounting for previously neglected effects of the standing wave of laser light which is produced inside the input test mass by its high-reflecting coatings. We quantify our results with parameters from Einstein Telescope, and show that at temperatures of 10 K the amplitude of TCCR noise is up to a factor of $\sqrt{2}$ times greater than what was previously claimed, and from 77 K to 300 K the amplitude is around 5 to 7 orders of magnitude lower than previously claimed when we choose to neglect the standing wave, and is up to a factor of 6 times lower if the standing wave is included. Despite these differences, we still conclude like Bruns et al. that TCCR noise should not be a limiting noise source for next-generation gravitational-wave interferometers.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Appropriate(d) Democracy: Analyzing Elite Discourse across North Africa
Creators: name: Gorman, Brandon
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: Political speeches in the contemporary world illustrate a tendency among heads of state of appealing to democracy and democratic concepts regardless of regime type. While the prevalence of this discourse in countries like the United States is unsurprising, the use of discourses of democracy among autocrats presents a puzzle: what are autocrats doing in their discursive invocation of democracy? Current literature on global norms of democratic governance suggests that decoupling - or feigning support for democracy without enacting it in local institutions - is endemic in discourses which touch upon global norms. This literature suggests that these norms can be either adopted wholesale, decoupled, or rejected wholesale, the latter being the rarest configuration. This study seeks to transcend this categorization. I argue that discourses of democracy are in fact appropriated discourses, in which global norms interact with local interests, issues, and power structures and new definitions of these norms are articulated.
Regular evaporating black holes with stable cores
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alfio
name: Khosravi, Amir-Pouyan
name: Saueressig, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A feature shared by many regular black hole spacetimes is the occurrence of a Cauchy horizon. It is then commonly believed that this renders the geometry unstable against perturbations through the mass-inflation effect. In this work, we perform the first dynamical study of this effect taking into account the mass-loss of the black hole due to Hawking radiation. It is shown that the time-dependence of the background leads to two novel types of late-time behavior whose properties are entirely determined by the Hawking flux. The first class of attractor-behavior is operative for regular black holes of the Hayward and renormalization group improved type and characterized by the square of the Weyl curvature growing as $v^6$ at asymptotically late times. This singularity is inaccessible to a radially free-falling observer though. The second class is realized by Reissner-Nordstr{ö}m black holes and regular black holes of the Bardeen type. In this case the curvature scalars remain finite as $v\rightarrow\infty$. Thus the Hawking flux has a profound effect on the mass-inflation instability, either weakening the effect significantly or even expelling it entirely.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Cognitive Processes and Paralepsis. Case Studies in Two Short Stories by Michele Mari
Creators: name: Remorini, Paolo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Italian Language and Literature
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Italian Literature
subject: Fantastic Literature
subject: Metalepsis
subject: Michele Mari
subject: Paralepsis
subject: Cognitive Narratology

description: This paper has the dual purpose of outlining the case history related to paralepsis in literary texts, highlighting the different possibilities of application and the narrative effects that derive in any case towards a transgressive fantastic alteration, and of trying to update the referential system drawn by Genette in 1972. For that, we will draw on some postulates and principles of linguistics and cognitive narratology, applying them to two specific stories by Michele Mari, Josef K. and Lamento del guerriero, when we will show how unexpected informations offered by a particular character (bottom-up vertical paralepsis and internal horizontal paralepsis) produce metaleptic shifts that dis-locate and re-locate the reading around different attractors that transgress the fictional logic (Remorini 2023).
Functional renormalization group approach to non-collinear magnets
Creators: name: Delamotte, B.
name: Dudka, M.
name: Mouhanna, D.
name: Yabunaka, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A functional renormalization group approach to $d$-dimensional, $N$-component, non-collinear magnets is performed using various truncations of the effective action relevant to study their long distance behavior. With help of these truncations we study the existence of a stable fixed point for dimensions between $d= 2.8$ and $d=4$ for various values of $N$ focusing on the critical value $N_c(d)$ that, for a given dimension $d$, separates a first order region for $NN_c(d)$. Our approach concludes to the absence of stable fixed point in the physical - $N=2,3$ and $d=3$ - cases, in agreement with $ε=4-d$-expansion and in contradiction with previous perturbative approaches performed at fixed dimension and with recent approaches based on conformal bootstrap program.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Screening the Variability in Pilates: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Martins, Fernando
name: Mendes, Rui
name: Dias, Gonçalo
name: Castro, Maria António
name: Gomes, Ricardo
name: Vaz, Vasco
name: Da Silva Pereira, Mário José Martins
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences
subject: Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This scoping review aimed to identify studies that analyse movement variability in Pilates. Following a systematic approach to mapping evidence on a topic, we identify concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps.
A bipartite separable ball and its applications
Creators: name: Shen, Shu-Qian
name: Li, Ming
name: Li, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, based on a matrix norm, we first present a ball of separable unnormalized states around the identity matrix for the bipartite quantum system, which is larger than the separable ball in Frobenius norm. Then the proposed ball is used to get not only simple sufficient conditions for the separability of pseudopure states and the states with strong positive partial transposes, but also a separable ball centered at the identity matrix for the multipartite quantum system.
Complexity and Naturalness in First Language and Second Language Phonotactic Learning
Creators: name: Prickett, Brandon
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This thesis sought to test learning biases present in first language (L1) and second language (L2) acquisition. It was predicted that a bias for phonetically grounded, typologically common (“natural”) patterns would be present in L1 learning, and that a bias for patterns involving a small number of phonetic features (“simple”) would be present in L2 learning. A methodology similar to Hayes and White (2013) was used to test the presence of these biases in the learning of 30 speakers of Canadian English and Canadian French by having the subjects perform grammaticality judgment tasks in both of these languages. The results suggest biases for simple and natural constraints could be more active in L1 learning than in L2 learning. This falls in line with past studies and raises questions about the nature of L2 acquisition. Future research could explore whether L2 phonological learning has fewer biases in general, or if it has biases other than naturalness and complexity.
Guilt by association: an analysis of federal trademark dilution law's impact on First Amendment speech
Creators: name: Eason, Margaret Ann
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: Trademark dilution law allows famous mark owners to enjoin certain mark uses that could lessen the uniqueness of the famous mark or else damage its reputation and goodwill. The ability to enjoin these unauthorized mark uses, however, may sometimes conflict with the constitutional rights of individuals who wish to use famous marks in First Amendment speech such as parody, criticism or commentary. This thesis first analyzes the legislative history of the two federal trademark dilution statutes, the Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995 (FTDA) and the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006 (TDRA) to better understand how these laws accommodate First Amendment speech rights. It then analyzes 35 federal trademark dilution cases involving a First Amendment-related defense to understand how courts have applied these laws and whether their application was consistent with the statutes' legislative intent.
On the Band Functions and Bloch Functions
Creators: name: Veliev, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the continuity of the band functions and Bloch functions of the differential operators generated by the differential expressions with periodic matrix coefficients.
description: Published in Turkish Journal of Mathematics, Vol.47, 2023, No.1
Nonlinear microwave photon-occupancy of a driven resonator strongly coupled to a transmon qubit
Creators: name: Suri, Baladitya
name: Keane, Zach
name: Bishop, Lev S.
name: Novikov, Sergey
name: Wellstood, Frederick C.
name: Palmer, Ben S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure photon-occupancy in a thin-film superconducting lumped element resonator coupled to a transmon qubit at 20$\,$mK and find a nonlinear dependence on the applied microwave power. The transmon-resonator system was operated in the strong dispersive regime, where the ac Stark shift ($2χ$) due to a single microwave photon present in the resonator was larger than the linewidth ($Γ$) of the qubit transition. When the resonator was coherently driven at $5.474325\,$GHz, the transition spectrum of the transmon at $4.982\,$GHz revealed well-resolved peaks, each corresponding to an individual photon number-state of the resonator. From the relative peak-heights we obtain the occupancy of the photon-states and the average photon-occupancy $\bar{n}$ of the resonator. We observed a nonlinear variation of $\bar{n}$ with the applied drive power $P_{rf}$ for $\bar{n} < 5$ and compare our results to numerical simulations of the system-bath master equation in the steady state, as well as to a semi-classical model for the resonator that includes the Jaynes-Cummings interaction between the transmon and the resonator. We find good quantitative agreement using both models and analysis reveals that the nonlinear behavior is principally due to shifts in the resonant frequency caused by a qubit-induced Jaynes-Cummings nonlinearity.
description: 5 figures
A nice two-loop next-to-next-to-MHV amplitude in ${\cal N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Li, Zhenjie
name: Zhang, Chi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a scalar component of the 8-point next-to-next-to-maximally-helicity-violating (N${}^2$MHV) amplitude at two-loop level in ${\cal N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory; it has a leading singularity proportional to the inverse of the four-mass-box square root and receives contributions from only two types of non-trivial integrals with one-loop infrared (IR) divergences. We compute such two-loop 8-point integrals by taking (double-)collinear limits of certain finite, dual-conformal-invariant integrals, and they nicely give the IR-safe ratio function after subtracting divergences. As the first genuine two-loop N${}^2$MHV amplitude computed explicitly, we find remarkable structures in its symbol and alphabet: similar to the next-to-MHV (NMHV) case, there are still 9 algebraic letters associated with the square root, and the latter also becomes a letter for the first time; unlike the NMHV case, such algebraic letters appear at either one or all of the second, third and last entry, and the part with three odd letters is particularly simple.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures and an ancillary file containing symbols of two-loop integrals and the ratio function
Turbulence in particle laden midplane layers of planet forming disks
Creators: name: Sengupta, Debanjan
name: Umurhan, Orkan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the settled particle layers of planet forming disks in which the streaming instability (SI) is thought to be either weak or inactive. A suite of low-to-moderate resolution three-dimensional simulations in a $0.2H$ sized box, where $H$ is the pressure scale height, are performed using PENCIL for two Stokes numbers, \St$=0.04$ and $0.2$, at 1\% disk metallicity. We find a complex of Ekman-layer jet-flows emerge subject to three co-acting linearly growing processes: (1) the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), (2) the planet-forming disk analog of the baroclinic Symmetric Instability (SymI), and (3) a later-time weakly acting secondary transition process, possibly a manifestation of the SI, producing a radially propagating pattern state. For \St$=0.2$, KHI is dominant and manifests as off-midplane axisymmetric rolls, while for \St$=0.04$ the axisymmetric SymI mainly drives turbulence. SymI is analytically developed in a model disk flow, predicting that it becomes strongly active when the Richardson number (Ri) of the particle-gas midplane layer transitions below 1, exhibiting growth rates $\le\sqrt{2/\Ri - 2}\cdotΩ$, where $Ω$ is local disk rotation rate. For fairly general situations absent external sources of turbulence it is conjectured that the SI, when and if initiated, emerges out of a turbulent state primarily driven and shaped by at least SymI and/or KHI. We also find that turbulence produced in $256^3$ resolution simulations are not statistically converged and that corresponding $512^3$ simulations may be converged for \St$=0.2$. Furthermore, we report that our numerical simulations significantly dissipate turbulent kinetic energy on scales less than 6-8 grid points.
description: 55 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Properties of luminous red supergiant stars in the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: de Wit, S.
name: Bonanos, A. Z.
name: Tramper, F.
name: Yang, M.
name: Maravelias, G.
name: Boutsia, K.
name: Britavskiy, N.
name: Zapartas, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is evidence that some red supergiants (RSGs) experience short lived phases of extreme mass loss, producing copious amounts of dust. These episodic outburst phases help to strip the hydrogen envelope of evolved massive stars, drastically affecting their evolution. However, to date, the observational data of episodic mass loss is limited. This paper aims to derive surface properties of a spectroscopic sample of fourteen dusty sources in the Magellanic Clouds using the Baade telescope. These properties may be used for future spectral energy distribution fitting studies to measure the mass loss rates from present circumstellar dust expelled from the star through outbursts. We apply MARCS models to obtain the effective temperature ($T_{\rm eff}$) and extinction ($A_V$) from the optical TiO bands. We use a $χ^2$ routine to determine the best fit model to the obtained spectra. We compute the $T_{\rm eff}$ using empirical photometric relations and compare this to our modelled $T_{\rm eff}$. We have identified a new yellow supergiant and spectroscopically confirmed eight new RSGs and one bright giant in the Magellanic Clouds. Additionally, we observed a supergiant B[e] star and found that the spectral type has changed compared to previous classifications, confirming that the spectral type is variable over decades. For the RSGs, we obtained the surface and global properties, as well as the extinction $A_V$. Our method has picked up eight new, luminous RSGs. Despite selecting dusty RSGs, we find values for $A_V$ that are not as high as expected given the circumstellar extinction of these evolved stars. The most remarkable object from the sample, LMC3, is an extremely massive and luminous evolved massive star and may be grouped amongst the largest and most luminous RSGs known in the Large Magellanic Cloud (log(L$_*$/L$_{\odot})\sim$5.5 and $R = 1400 \,\ \textrm R_{\odot}$).
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 17 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables
Human Perception of Dental Discrepancy
Creators: name: Murphy, Hugh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this research study is to determine the range of mesiodistal width discrepancies for a single missing maxillary incisor, in which digital restoration of the missing tooth produces: (1) no perceivable discrepancy, or (2) a result that would be considered unacceptable by patients and dental professionals respectively. An electronic survey was administered in which participants were asked to look at a series of carefully modified digital models of a maxillary arch, and then assess differences in width of two teeth and rate the overall appearance of the teeth. Results indicate a range of actual mesiodistal width discrepancy for a central incisor (-1.5mm to +1.0mm) and lateral incisor (-1.0mm to +0.5mm) for which a digital wax-up was considered esthetically acceptable by at least 95% of patients.
Probabilistic Quantum Teleportation via 3-Qubit Non-Maximally Entangled GHZ State by Repeated Generalized Measurements
Creators: name: Javed, Shamiya
name: Pandey, Ravi Kamal
name: Yadav, Phool Singh
name: Prakash, Ranjana
name: Prakash, Hari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme of repeated generalized Bell state measurement (GBSM) for probabilistic quantum teleportation of single qubit state of a particle (say, 0) using 3-qubit non-maximally entangled (NME) GHZ state as a quantum channel. Alice keeps two qubits (say, 1 and 2) of the 3-qubit resource and the third qubit (say, 3) goes to Bob. Initially, Alice performs GBSM on qubits 0 and 1 which may lead to either success or failure. On obtaining success, Alice performs projective measurement on qubit 2 in the eigen basis of $σ_{x}$. Both these measurement outcomes are communicated to Bob classically, which helps him to perform a suitable unitary transformation on qubit 3 to recover the information state. On the other hand, if failure is obtained, the next attempt of GBSM is performed on qubits 0 and 2. This process of repeating GBSM on alternate pair of qubits may continue until perfect teleportation with unit fidelity is achieved. We have obtained analytical expressions for success probability up to three repetitions of GBSM. The success probability is shown to be a polynomial function of bipartite concurrence of the NME resource. The variation of success probability with the bipartite concurrence has been plotted which shows the convergence of success probability to unity with GBSM repetitions.
description: 11 pages, 5figures