cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal properties of membrane-localized actin nucleating complexes
Creators: name: Kondo, Hanae
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: actin
filopodia
super-resolution microscopy

description: The actin cytoskeleton plays a vital role in various biological processes such as cell migration, morphogenesis, and intracellular trafficking. The polymerization of actin filaments at membranes provides the force for generating dynamic actin structures such as protrusions and invaginations that drive these processes. In filopodia, which are finger-like protrusions comprised of bundled actin filaments, actin regulatory proteins are believed to assemble a distal 'tip complex' which stimulates actin nucleation at the membrane. However how these regulators collectively behave in a macromolecular complex still remains poorly understood. To understand the macromolecular nature of these complexes, I investigated the dynamic properties and spatial organization of actin regulatory factors, using an in vitro reconstitution assay for filopodia-like structures (FLS) utilizing artificial lipid bilayers and Xenopus laevis egg extracts. FRAP analysis of seven actin regulatory factors (Toca-1, N-WASP, GTPase-binding domain, Ena, VASP, Diaph3, Fascin) revealed that the FLS tip complex has both dynamic and stable properties, with different proteins displaying distinct dynamics. Further analyses on the membrane-binding protein Toca-1 showed that its dynamic turnover is controlled by interactions with actin and exchange of molecules with solution. Single-molecule localization microscopy resolved the nanoscale organization of Toca-1, showing its arrangement into flat plaque-like and narrowly elevated tubular substructures. Plaque-like structures showed similarities to phase-transition patterns, while tubule-like structures closely resembled those previously found to decorate membrane tubules in vitro, which are thought to be involved in endocytic membrane remodeling. Endocytic accessory proteins such as SNX9 and Dynamin2 were also found to localize to FLS tips. This work provides new insights into the dynamics and organization of protein ensembles at actin nucleation sites, and proposes a novel link between endocytosis and filopodia formation, which is relevant to understanding how cells decide when and where to assemble actin at the membrane.
A multi-protocol quantum key distribution transmitter
Creators: name: Roberts, George Lloyd
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Quantum key distribution
Optical fibre
Quantum communications
Transmitter
QKD
Optical injection locking

description: Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows two users to communicate with theoretically perfect security using standard optical fibres. This is possible by transmitting the key on single photons, meaning a measurement by an eavesdropper disturbs the system in a way observable to the legitimate parties. The technology has advanced since the first protocol proposed in 1984, to the stage where there are now many protocols that can be experimentally implemented. These protocols have allowed secure keys to be generated over distances greater than 400 km and with secure key rates over 10 Mbit/s. In a metropolitan QKD network, it would be desirable for as many users to be connected as possible. Unfortunately, each protocol comes with different requirements on the transmitter and receiver. Even within a single protocol, different clock rates can require individualised transmitter and receiver hardware. This prohibits users from communicating with all receivers, unless they have complex transmitters with hardware for many protocols. This thesis develops a transmitter for practical QKD that is able to adapt to a number of different protocols with no changes to the hardware. The transmitter works using optical injection locking, where a pulse preparation laser adopts the phase of a phase preparation laser. Controlling the phase and intensity of the pulses in this way removes the side channel ordinarily present with direct modulation, in that the phase, intensity and frequency simultaneously change in response to an applied current. The cavity-enhanced electro-optic effect allows for the first demonstration of sub-volt half-wave phase modulation at high clock rates. The transmitter successfully demonstrates phase encoding, intensity encoding and on-demand phase randomisation. This allows for the experimental realisation and direct comparison of different QKD protocols, including one that has never before been implemented due to experimental complexity. A stable intensity modulator is also developed, based on a Sagnac interferometer. This removes a side channel in QKD systems and integrates well with the directly-modulated quantum transmitter. This development also means that the transmitter can implement all current two-party QKD protocols based on weak coherent pulses. The transmitter has the potential to become the standard transmitter for future quantum communication networks due to its stability, versatility and power efficiency. The design could also be demonstrated on a photonic chip, making it compact enough to fit in small transmitter units.
description: Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Toshiba Research Europe Ltd
The blue to red supergiant ratio in young clusters at various metallicities
Creators: name: Eggenberger, P.
name: Meynet, G.
name: Maeder, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new determinations of the blue to red supergiant ratio ($B/R$) in young open clusters at various metallicities. For this purpose, we examine the HR diagrams of 45 clusters in the Galaxy and of 4 clusters in the Magellanic Clouds. The identification of supergiants is based on spectroscopic measurements (with photometric counts to check the results). The new counts confirm the increase of the $B/R$ ratio when the metallicity increases with the following normalized relation : $\frac{B/R}{(B/R)_{\odot}} \cong 0.05\cdot e^{3 \frac{Z}{Z_{\odot}}}$, where $Z_{\odot}=0.02$ and $(B/R)_{\odot}$ is the value of $B/R$ at $Z_{\odot}$ which depends on the definition of $B$ and $R$ and on the age interval considered (e.g. for spectroscopic counts including clusters with $\log age$ between 6.8 and 7.5, $(B/R)_{\odot}\cong3$ when $B$ includes O, B and A supergiants).
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. accepted for publication in A&A
Quantum Hall criticality in Floquet topological insulators
Creators: name: Kim, Kun Woo
name: Bagrets, Dmitry
name: Micklitz, Tobias
name: Altland, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous Floquet Anderson insulator (AFAI) is a two dimensional periodically driven system in which static disorder stabilizes two topologically distinct phases in the thermodynamic limit. The presence of a unit-conducting chiral edge mode and the essential role of disorder induced localization are reminiscent of the integer quantum Hall (IQH) effect. At the same time, chirality in the AFAI is introduced via an orchestrated driving protocol, there is no magnetic field, no energy conservation, and no (Landau level) band structure. In this paper we show that in spite of these differences the AFAI topological phase transition is in the IQH universality class. We do so by mapping the system onto an effective theory describing phase coherent transport in the system at large length scales. Unlike with other disordered systems, the form of this theory is almost fully determined by symmetry and topological consistency criteria, and can even be guessed without calculation. (However, we back this expectation by a first principle derivation.) Its equivalence to the Pruisken theory of the IQH demonstrates the above equivalence. At the same time it makes predictions on the emergent quantization of transport coefficients, and the delocalization of bulk states at quantum criticality which we test against numerical simulations.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Nuclear chart in covariant density functional theory with dynamical correlations: From Oxygen to Tin
Creators: name: Yang, Yi-Long
name: Wang, Ya-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear masses of even-even nuclei with the proton number $8\leq Z\leq 50$ (O to Sn isotopes) from proton drip line to neutron drip line are investigated using the triaxial relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) theory with the relativistic density functional PC-PK1, and the dynamical correlation energies (DCEs) associated with the rotational motion and the quadrupole shape vibrational motion are taken into account by the five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian (5DCH) method. The root-mean-square deviation with respect to the experimental masses reduces from 2.50 MeV to 1.59 MeV after the consideration of DCEs. The inclusion of DCEs has little influence on the position of drip lines, and the predicted numbers of bound even-even nuclei between proton and neutron drip lines from O to Sn isotopes are respectively 569 and 564 for the cases with and without DCEs.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 5 of Tools for measuring gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) indicators in humanitarian settings
Creators: name: Goulart, Céline M.
name: Purewal, Amber
name: Humaira Nakhuda
name: Ampadu, Anita
name: Giancola, Amanda
name: Kortenaar, Jean-Luc
name: Bassani, Diego G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5. Measurement of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Gender Equality, and Women’s Empowerment in Humanitarian Settings. This link leads to the interactive Tableau dashboard. https://public.tableau.com/profile/humairanakhuda#!/vizhome/SRHRGEWEScopingReviewStory_Final_Nov16/SRHRGEWEStory .
Measuring Fitness and Precision of Automatically Discovered Process Models: a Principled and Scalable Approach - Evaluation Appendix
Creators: name: Augusto, Adriano
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This document reports the results of the evaluation on real-life event logs of the Markovian accuracy measures proposed in the article titled: "Measuring Fitness and Precision of Automatically Discovered Process Models: a Principled and Scalable Approach".
Authors: Adriano Augusto, Abel Armas-Cervantes, Raffaele Conforti, Marlon Dumas, Marcello La Rosa
Ricci-flat deformations of orbifolds and asymptotically locally Euclidean manifolds
Creators: name: Lund, Christian Overgaard
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: moduli space
Ricci-flat deformations
Calabi-Yau
orbifolds
asymptotically locally Euclidean

description: In this thesis we study Ricci-flat deformations of Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on compact orbifolds and asymptotically locally Euclidean(ALE) manifolds. In both cases we also study the moduli space of Ricci-flat structures. For this purpose, it is convenient to assume that the initial Ricci-flat metrics are Kähler. Our work extends results by Koiso about Einstein-deformations of Kähler-Einstein metrics on compact manifolds. Orbifolds differ from manifolds by being locally modelled on a quotient of Euclidean space by the action of a finite group $\Gamma$. We adapt a slice construction by Ebin and the Calabi conjecture to orbifolds and show that for compact complex orbifolds with vanishing orbifold first Chern class and all infinitesimal complex deformations integrable, Ricci-flat deformations of Ricci-flat Kähler metric are Kähler, possibly with respect to a perturbed complex structure. We also show that the moduli space of Ricci-flat structures is, up to the action of a finite group, a finite dimensional manifold and we express its dimension in terms of the dimension of certain Dolbeault and sheaf cohomology groups. The strategy is to lift the problem locally to a $\Gamma$-invariant problem on a manifold. ALE manifolds are non-compact manifolds with one end, for which the metric at infinity approximates a flat metric. We study ALE Ricci-flat Kähler manifolds that arise as the complement of a divisor $D$ in a compact Kähler manifold $\bar{X}$ and use the deformation theory by Kawamata for the pair $(\bar{X},D)$. By working with suitably chosen weighted Sobolev and Hölder spaces we recover the relevant elliptic theory for the linearisation of the Ricci operator and the linearisation of the complex Monge-Ampère equation. We prove that integrability of infinitesimal deformations of the pair $(\bar{X},D)$ implies that ALE Ricci-flat deformations of ALE Ricci-flat Kähler metrics are Kähler, possibly with respect to a perturbed complex structure. We also show that the moduli space of ALE Ricci-flat structures is, up to the action of a finite group, a finite dimensional manifold and we express its dimension in terms of the dimension of certain Dolbeault and sheaf cohomology groups.
description: EPSRC. Cambridge Trust. DPMMS
Modelling Early Events In Amyloid Aggregation
Creators: name: Dear, Alexander John
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Self assembly
Oligomers
Biofilaments
Amyloid
Protein Aggregation
Chemical Kinetics
Biophysics

description: The formation of macroscopic biofilaments from monomeric peptides is a process central to both normal and disease biology, and a very active area of research. An example of particular significance is the formation of amyloid plaques from normally soluble proteins in several neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. Traditionally, attention has focused on the proliferation of macroscopic quantities of biofilaments, and experimentalists have relied on bulk measurements to quantify this. By contrast, the initiation of the aggregation reaction has been comparatively understudied, despite the involvement of oligomeric intermediates that are considered to be the key pathogenic agents in many amyloidogenic diseases. This is due in large part to the key quantities measured in bulk experiments being insensitive to the details of the initiation step, and to the difficulties faced until recently in detecting comparatively rare oligomeric species. In this thesis I describe a number of theoretical approaches towards filling this crucial gap in our knowledge. These approaches fall into 3 main themes: modelling the early stages of bulk aggregation kinetics in greater detail; developing general kinetic theories of filament formation via initial oligomeric intermediates; and investigating heterogeneity within oligomer populations using equilibrium statistical mechanical modelling. In several instances I have already been able to apply these theories to experimental results, furthering our practical understanding of these processes in vitro. A final chapter is devoted to a highly general and insightful theoretical method for developing analytical solutions for the kinetics of a wide range of self-assembly phenomena. Although not focused on early events in amyloid aggregation, it is already finding application in this field, as in many others.
description: The PhD was predominantly funded by a Schiff Foundation Studentship.
Additional file 6 of Tools for measuring gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) indicators in humanitarian settings
Creators: name: Goulart, Céline M.
name: Purewal, Amber
name: Humaira Nakhuda
name: Ampadu, Anita
name: Giancola, Amanda
name: Kortenaar, Jean-Luc
name: Bassani, Diego G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6. Included studies. This file contains all of the included studies retrieved in both the peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature searches.
Forest Isoprene Emissions: New Insights from a Novel Field Instrument
Creators: name: Bolas, Conor Gordon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: atmospheric chemistry
voc
gas chromatography
plant science
isoprene

description: Isoprene is an important biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) in natural systems. Its emission by certain species of plants depends on solar radiation levels and on temperature, as well as other factors. Once in the atmosphere, it is rapidly transported and oxidised, and the subsequent chemistry of isoprene plays a significant part in determining the oxidising capacity of the troposphere, and therefore atmospheric composition and aerosol formation. The emission of isoprene is also important to the global carbon cycle and the carbon budget of the biosphere. Measurements have highlighted the great spatial and temporal variation of isoprene concentrations within forests and across different forest types, presenting a challenge for understanding overall emissions. Current understanding of isoprene is limited by the lack of availability of suitable instrumentation for deployment in key field sites. In this thesis the development of a novel portable gas chromatography instrument suitable for challenging field environments, the iDirac, is described. Current estimates for global isoprene emission attribute 70% to tropical forests, but these are under-sampled. This thesis describes a tropical field campaign with measurements of isoprene from tropical trees. The distribution of isoprene within a canopy is poorly understood and existing models do not capture effectively the forest vertical isoprene gradient. The vertical concentration gradient is investigated in a novel measurement campaign over summer 2018 in a temperate forest. Measurements at different canopy heights were taken with maximum isoprene concentrations of 8 ppb. Insolation at the top of the canopy drives the vertical gradient. The forest experienced stress as a result of higher temperatures and low rainfall in the 2018 heatwave and showed elevated isoprene levels. A new simple conceptual model is described, CamCan, which simulates isoprene concentration at different levels in the forest canopy. The model is used to calculate fluxes from the forest and an annual emission of 2.0 Mg is estimated for the 2018 season.
Wide-band X-ray variability of GRS 1915+105 observed with BeppoSAX
Creators: name: Casella, P.
name: Feroci, M.
name: Massaro, E.
name: Costa, E.
name: Litterio, M.
name: Matt, G.
name: Belloni, T.
name: Tavani, M.
name: Mirabel, I. F.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Harmon, A.
name: Pooley, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic Microquasar GRS 1915+105 was observed by the Narrow Field Instruments onboard BeppoSAX in two pointings during year 2000. We present the preliminary results of wide-band study of the observed variability, carried out also with the wavelet analysis.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, AIP Conference Proceedings, Gamma-2001 Meeting, Baltimore, M D, April 2001
title: The Electrophysiological Effects of Vestibular Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Creators: name: Marques, Kamyla
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: A recent study showed that vestibular stimulation can produce long-lasting alleviation of motor and non-motor features in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The improvements observed in motor symptoms were of particular note and may provide an indication as to one of the underlying physiological mechanisms of action for vestibular stimulation. An electrophysiological marker known to be abnormal in PD is the Bereitschaftpotential (BP) of the movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs). One aim of this thesis was to observe the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on MRCPs in PD to better understand its underlying physiological mechanisms. Many studies measuring the electrophysiological response to GVS have employed pre- versus post-GVS protocols, limiting observations to only after stimulation. The investigation of the mechanisms during GVS is limited by the large artifacts that contaminate the electroencephalograph (EEG). Previous studies have described pre-processing strategies to remove the GVS-related artifact, but these have many limitations. Thus, another aim of this thesis was to describe an artifact removal strategy using a novel approach of employing Independent Components Analysis (ICA) to identify, quantify and eliminate the GVS-related artifact from the EEG data. Study 1 (n = 11) validated this strategy by successfully removing the GVS-related artifact from MRCP data when manipulating the GVS frequency. Study 2 (n = 9) provided further validation by showing successful removal of the GVS-related artifact associated with a higher GVS intensity. Study 3 applied the methodology validated in the first two studies to a PD sample and found a significant increase in the early BP associated with GVS. This suggests that vestibular stimulation may improve motor features in PD through modulation of underlying pathological oscillations associated with motor dysfunction.
Additional file 7 of Tools for measuring gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) indicators in humanitarian settings
Creators: name: Goulart, Céline M.
name: Purewal, Amber
name: Humaira Nakhuda
name: Ampadu, Anita
name: Giancola, Amanda
name: Kortenaar, Jean-Luc
name: Bassani, Diego G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7. Studies by disaster type. This file contains a list of all publications by disaster type.
Temporal Patterns of Multiple Long-Term Conditions in Individuals with Intellectual Disability Living in Wales: An Unsupervised Clustering Approach to Disease Trajectories
Creators: name: Abakasanga, Emeka
name: Kousovista, Rania
name: Cosma, Georgina
name: Jun, Gyuchan Thomas
name: Gangadharan, Satheesh
name: Zaccardi, Francesco
name: Akbari, Ashley
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Identifying and understanding the co-occurrence of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) is crucial for effective healthcare management. Individuals with ID often experience earlier onset and higher prevalence of MLTCs compared to the general population, however, the specific patterns of co-occurrence and temporal progression of these conditions remain largely unexplored. This study presents an innovative unsupervised approach for examining and characterising clusters of MLTC in individuals with ID, based on their shared disease trajectories. Using a dataset of electronic health records (EHRs) from 13069 individuals with ID, encompassing primary and secondary care data in Wales from 2000 to 2021, this study analysed the time sequences of disease diagnoses. Significant pairwise disease associations were identified, and their temporal directionality assessed. Subsequently, an unsupervised clustering algorithm - spectral clustering - was applied to the shared disease trajectories, grouping them based on common temporal patterns. The study population comprised 52.3% males and 47.7% females, with a mean of 4.5 ± 3 long-term conditions (LTCs) per patient. Distinct MLTC clusters were identified in both males and females, stratified by age groups (< 45 and ≥ 45 years). For males under 45, a single cluster dominated by neurological conditions (32.4%), while three clusters were identified for older males, with the largest characterised by circulatory (51.8%). In females under 45, one cluster was found with digestive system conditions (24.6%) being most prevalent. For females ≥ 45 years, two clusters were identified: the first cluster was predominantly defined by circulatory (34.1%), while the second cluster by digestive (25.9%) and musculoskeletal (21.9%) system conditions. Mental illness, epilepsy, and reflux disorders were prevalent across all groups. This study reveals complex multimorbidity patterns in individuals with ID, highlighting age and sex differences. The identified clusters provide new insights into disease progression and co-occurrence in this population. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions and risk stratification strategies, potentially improving personalised healthcare for individuals with ID and MLTCs with the aim of improving health outcomes for this vulnerable group of patients, i.e. reducing frequency and length of hospital admissions and premature mortality.
Uncertainty Estimation in Deep Learning with application to Spoken Language Assessment
Creators: name: Malinin, Andrey
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Deep Learning
Uncertainty Estimation
Prior Networks
Spoken Language Assessment
Ensemble Approaches

description: Since convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieved top performance on the ImageNet task in 2012, deep learning has become the preferred approach to addressing computer vision, natural language processing, speech recognition and bio-informatics tasks. However, despite impressive performance, neural networks tend to make over-confident predictions. Thus, it is necessary to investigate robust, interpretable and tractable estimates of uncertainty in a model's predictions in order to construct safer Machine Learning systems. This is crucial to applications where the cost of an error is high, such as in autonomous vehicle control, high-stakes automatic proficiency assessment and in the medical, financial and legal fields. In the first part of this thesis uncertainty estimation via ensemble and single-model approaches is discussed in detail and a new class of models for uncertainty estimation, called $\textit{Prior Networks}$, is proposed. Prior Networks are able to $\textit{emulate}$ an ensemble of models using a single deterministic neural network, which allows sources of uncertainty to be determined within the same probabilistic framework as in ensemble-based approaches, but with the computational simplicity and ease of training of single-model approaches. Thus, Prior Networks combine the advantages of ensemble and single-model approaches to estimating uncertainty. In this thesis Prior Networks are evaluated on a range classification datasets, where they are shown to outperform baseline approaches, such as Monte-Carlo dropout, on the task of detecting out-of-distribution inputs. In the second part of this thesis deep learning and uncertainty estimation approaches are applied to the area of automatic assessment of non-native spoken language proficiency. Specifically deep-learning based graders and spoken response relevance assessment systems are constructed using data from the BULATS and LinguaSkill exams, provided by Cambridge English Language Assessment. Baseline approaches for uncertainty estimation discussed and evaluated in the first half of the thesis are then applied to these models and assessed on the task of rejecting predictions to be graded by human examiners and detecting misclassifications.
Robust spin and charge excitations throughout high-$T_c$-cuprate phase diagram from incipient Mottness
Creators: name: Fidrysiak, M.
name: Spałek, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generic phase diagram of lightly hole-doped high-$T_c$-cuprates hosts antiferromagnetic insulating phase with well-defined spin-wave excitations. Contrary to the weak-coupling prediction, these modes persist up to the overdoped metallic regime as intense and dispersive paramagnons. Here we report on our study of the low-energy magnetic and charge excitations within the extended Hubbard model at strong-coupling, using a modified $1/N$ expansion method with a variational state serving as the saddle point solution. Despite clear separation of magnetic and Hubbard-$U$ energy scales, we find that incipient Mottness affects qualitatively dispersions and widths of magnetic modes throughout entire phase diagram. The obtained magnetic and charge dynamical structure factors agree semi-quantitatively with recent resonant $X$-ray and neutron scattering data for $\mathrm{La_{2-\mathit{x}}Sr_\mathit{x}CuO_4}$ and $\mathrm{(Bi,Pb)_2(Sr,La)_2CuO_{6+δ}}$ at all available doping levels. The weak-coupling random-phase-approximation fails already for underdoped samples, pointing to the non-trivial intertwining of distinct energy scales in cuprate superconductors. The existence of a discrete charge mode which splits off the electron-hole continuum is also predicted.
appendix.pdf
Creators: name: Augusto, Adriano
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This document report the results of the evaluation on real-life event logs of the Markovian accuracy measures proposed in the article titled: "Measuring Fitness and Precision of Automatically Discovered Process Models: a Principled and Scalable Approach".
Authors: Adriano Augusto, Abel Armas-Cervantes, Raffaele Conforti, Marlon Dumas, Marcello La Rosa
Revisiting the scientific habits of mind scale for socio-scientific issues in the Indonesian context
Creators: name: Antuni Wiyarsi
name: Çalik, Muammer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scale measuring the Indonesians’ scientific habits of mind (SHOM) levels via the SSIs in context. The sample of the study consisted of 658 Indonesian people (aged 18–68 years; 385 females and 273 males; mean age: 35.5) randomly drawn from 3 districts of Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. To ensure content validity, the researchers matched SHOM (mistrust of arguments from authority, open-mindedness, scepticism, rationality, objectivity, suspension of belief, and curiosity) with the SSIs in the Indonesian context. A group of experts and a pilot study with 10 lay people ensured face validity. Concurrent validity was verified via independent samples t-test. To conﬁrm convergent and discriminant validity, conﬁrmatory factor analysis, and reliability values were calculated. Because the ﬁnal version (33 items) of the SHOM scale has high validity in content, face, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent, it provides valid conclusions based on the theoretical constructs for the sub-scales. This suggests that the SHOM scale may be adapted or improved for SSIs in different contexts.
Additional file 8 of Tools for measuring gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) indicators in humanitarian settings
Creators: name: Goulart, Céline M.
name: Purewal, Amber
name: Humaira Nakhuda
name: Ampadu, Anita
name: Giancola, Amanda
name: Kortenaar, Jean-Luc
name: Bassani, Diego G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 8. Indicator types and subtypes. This file contains the calculated frequency of each indicator type and subtype organized by domain.
Ge virtual substrates for high efficiency III-V solar cells: applications, potential and challenges
Creators: name: García, Iván
name: Hinojosa, Manuel
name: Lombardero, Iván
name: Cifuentes, Luis
name: Rey-Stolle, Ignacio
name: Algora, Carlos
name: Nguyen, Huy
name: Edwards, Stuart
name: Morgan, Aled
name: Johnson, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Virtual substrates based on thin Ge layers on Si by direct deposition have achieved high quality recently. Their application to high efficiency III-V solar cells is analyzed in this work. Replacing traditional Ge substrates with Ge/Si virtual substrates in standard lattice-matched and upright metamorphic GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge solar cells is feasible according to our calculations using realistic parameters of state-of-the-art Ge solar cells but with thin bases (< 5um). The first experimental steps are tackled by implementing Ge single-junction and full GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple-junction solar cells on medium quality Ge/Si virtual substrates with 5um thick Ge layers. The results show that the photocurrent in the Ge bottom cell is barely enough to achieve current matching with the upper subcells, but the overall performance is poor due to low voltages in the junctions. Moreover, observed cracks in the triple-junction structure point to the need to reduce the thickness of the Ge + III-V structure or using other advanced approaches to mitigate the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch effects, such as using embedded porous silicon. Next experimental work will pursue this objective and use more advanced Ge/Si virtual substrates available with lower threading dislocation densities and different Ge thicknesses.
Modelling the spectral evolution of classical double radio sources
Creators: name: Manolakou, K.
name: Kirk, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral evolution of powerful double radio galaxies (FR II's) is thought to be determined by the acceleration of electrons at the termination shock of the jet, their transport through the bright head region into the lobes and the production of the radio emission by synchrotron radiation in the lobes. Models presented to date incorporate some of these processes in prescribing the electron distribution which enters the lobes. We have extended these models to include a description of electron acceleration at the relativistic termination shock and a selection of transport models for the head region. These are coupled to the evolution of the electron spectrum in the lobes under the influence of losses due to adiabatic expansion, by inverse Compton scattering on the cosmic background radiation and by synchrotron radiation. The evolutionary tracks predicted by this model are compared to observation using the power/source-size (P-D) diagram. We find that the simplest scenario, in which accelerated particles suffer adiabatic losses in the head region which become more severe as the source expands produces P-D-tracks which conflict with observation, because the power is predicted to decline too steeply with increasing size. Agreement with observation can be found by assuming that adiabatic losses are compensated during transport between the termination shock and the lobe by a re-acceleration process distributed throughout the head region.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Sharp interface schemes for multi-material computational fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Cutforth, Murray Connelly
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Multi-material flow
Euler equations
Volume-of-fluid
Moment-of-fluid

description: In this thesis we consider the solution of compressible multi-material flow problems, where each material is governed by the Euler equations and the material interface may be considered to be a perfect discontinuity separating macroscopic pure-material regions. Working in the framework of Godunov-type finite volume methods, we develop numerical algorithms for tracking the material interface and evolving fluid states. For the task of tracking the location of sharp material interfaces, we focus on volume tracking methods due to their ability to conserve mass in highly deformational flows. Three original contributions are presented in this area. First, the accuracy of the volume-of-fluid algorithm is improved through the addition of marker particles. Next, the efficient moment-of-fluid method is presented. This improves the computational efficiency of the moment-of-fluid method by a factor of three by mapping certain quantities during the interface reconstruction step on to a pre-computed data structure. Finally, a general framework for updating volume fractions based on the solution to a quadratic programming problem is presented. The evolution of fluid states in the full multi-material system is an independent problem. We present developments to two numerical approaches for this problem. The first, the ghost fluid method, is widely used due to the ease in which pure-fluid algorithms can be extended to the multi-material case. We investigate the effect of using a number of different interface tracking methods on the solutions, and find that the conservation errors vary by more than an order of magnitude. The ghost fluid method is then altered such that the ghost state extrapolation step is eliminated from the algorithm, allowing volume fraction-based interface tracking methods to be coupled. In the final chapter, we tackle the same problem using a mixture model-based method. The numerical method presented here is based on work by Miller and Puckett in 1996, in which a six-equation system using the assumption of pressure and velocity equilibrium was used to model two-material flow. We have thoroughly overhauled this method, incorporating Riemann solvers developed for the five-equation system, as well as a robust implicit energy update. We present numerical results on a range of one- and two-dimensional shock-interface interaction test problems which demonstrate the ability of the method to match the solutions from the five-equation model while maintaining a perfectly sharp material interface.
description: Funded by AWE
Additional file 4: of Hexokinase 2 is dispensable for T cell-dependent immunity
Creators: name: Mehta, Manan
name: Weinberg, Samuel
name: Steinert, Elizabeth
name: Chhiba, Krishan
name: Martinez, Carlos
name: Gao, Peng
name: Perlman, Harris
name: Bryce, Paul
name: Hay, Nissim
name: Chandel, Navdeep
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S4. HK2 is dispensable for T cell function in glucose-limited conditions. Naïve CD4+ and T cells were enriched from splenocytes isolated from adult WT and T-Hk2−/− mice. T cells were activated in vitro with anti-CD3/28 coated beads. (A-B) CD4+ T cells activated in indicated glucose/pyruvate concentrations for 24 h. (B) Percent of CD4+ cells positive for viability and (C) percent of viable CD4+ cells expressing CD69 by flow cytometry. Biological replicates, n = 6 from 3 independent experiments (C-E) Enriched splenic CD4+ T cells activated for 72 h in media with 1 mM pyruvate and indicated glucose concentrations. CD4+ T cells analyzed by flow cytometry for (D) percent of cells positive for viability, (E) proliferation as measured by CFSE dilution, and (F) proliferation as measured by cell number. Biological replicates, n = 4 WT, 5 T-Hk2−/− from 2 independent experiments. (F-G) Splenocytes were isolated from 8 to 12 week old WT and T-Hk2−/− mice to analyze steady state levels of various populations by indicated marker, n = 5 mice. MP = macrophage, DC = dendritic cell, NK = natural killer cell, Neutro = neutrophil. In all panels, error bars represent mean ± SEM, two-way ANOVA with Sidak multiple comparisons correction, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. NS = not significant. (PDF 809 kb)
Moving towards Sustainability in Food Chains: Dealing with Costs and Benefits
Creators: name: Schiefer, Gerhard
name: Deiters, Jivka
name: Schiefer, Gerhard
name: Deiters, Jivka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Supply chain
subject: sustainability
subject: price formation

description: Sustainability concerns are receiving increasingly attention by society and in turn, the food sector and consumers as the food sector’s final customers. Investments towards improvements in sustainability along the chain are usually not evenly distributed along the chain which affects the balance in the distribution of costs and returns. Transparency is a means for supporting an appropriate link between costs and returns. Various alternatives are being discussed. The chapter utilizes a case study approach for elaborating on the possibilities of regaining costs through price premiums, the communication of sustainability to consumers and the cooperation through horizontal and vertical networking alternatives that could support developments towards sustainability through gains in efficiency and concerted engagements in dealing with sustainability, costs and returns along the chain
Complex Deep Learning Models for Denoising of Human Heart ECG signals
Creators: name: Arsene, Corneliu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Effective and powerful methods for denoising real electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are important for wearable sensors and devices. Deep Learning (DL) models have been used extensively in image processing and other domains with great success but only very recently have been used in processing ECG signals. This paper presents several DL models namely Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) together with the more conventional filtering methods (low pass filtering, high pass filtering, Notch filtering) and the standard wavelet-based technique for denoising EEG signals. These methods are trained, tested and evaluated on different synthetic and real ECG datasets taken from the MIT PhysioNet database and for different simulation conditions (i.e. various lengths of the ECG signals, single or multiple records). The results show the CNN model is a performant model that can be used for off-line denoising ECG applications where it is satisfactory to train on a clean part of an ECG signal from an ECG record, and then to test on the same ECG signal, which would have some high level of noise added to it. However, for real-time applications or near-real time applications, this task becomes more cumbersome, as the clean part of an ECG signal is very probable to be very limited in size. Therefore the solution put forth in this work is to train a CNN model on 1 second ECG noisy artificial multiple heartbeat data (i.e. ECG at effort), which was generated in a first instance based on few sequences of real signal heartbeat ECG data (i.e. ECG at rest). Afterwards it would be possible to use the trained CNN model in real life situations to denoise the ECG signal.
description: 51 pages, 23 figures
Time-Dependent Random Walks and the Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by novel results in the theory of complex adaptive systems, we analyze the dynamics of random walks in which the jumping probabilities are {\it time-dependent}. We determine the survival probability in the presence of an absorbing boundary. For an unbiased walk the survival probability is maximized in the case of large temporal oscillations in the jumping probabilities. On the other hand, a random walker who is drifted towards the absorbing boundary performs best with a constant jumping probability. We use the results to reveal the underlying dynamics responsible for the phenomenon of self-segregation and clustering observed in the evolutionary minority game.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Analytic Functional Bootstrap for CFTs in $d>1$
Creators: name: Paulos, Miguel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce analytic functionals which act on the crossing equation for CFTs in arbitrary spacetime dimension. The functionals fully probe the constraints of crossing symmetry on the first sheet, and are in particular sensitive to the OPE, (double) lightcone and Regge limits. Compatibility with the crossing equation imposes constraints on the functional kernels which we study in detail. We then introduce two simple classes of functionals. The first class has a simple action on generalized free fields and their deformations and can be used to bootstrap AdS contact interactions in general dimension. The second class is obtained by tensoring holomorphic and antiholomorphic copies of $d=1$ functionals which have been considered recently. They are dual to simple solutions to crossing in $d=2$ which include the energy correlator of the Ising model. We show how these functionals lead to optimal bounds on the OPE density of $d=2$ CFTs and argue that they provide an equivalent rewriting of the $d=2$ crossing equation which is better suited for numeric computations than current approaches.
description: 40 pages + appendices V3. Minor typos fixed
Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Challenges and Opportunities
Creators: name: Underhill, Simon
name: Underhill, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: urban agriculture
subject: Phnom Penh
subject: urbanization
subject: population growth
subject: food security

description: The majority of the global population lives in cities. In the developing world, a three-fold challenge of population growth, urbanization, and urban food insecurity is posing challenges for cities. Urban agriculture has received increasing attention as one strategy to help cope with this. Using the annual statistical data of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, this paper reported on trends in urban agriculture (rice, vegetables, cattle, swine, and poultry) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia since 1993. At least 125 square kilometers (~20%) of the municipal area of Phnom Penh is used in agriculture, with nearly 300,000 swine, cattle, and poultry. It is the sixth largest industry in the city and the most important secondary economic activity. Yield data for rice and vegetables are not significantly different between Phnom Penh and the Cambodian average. Cattle, swine, and poultry populations have been declining in Phnom Penh since 1993 but all increased in 2011. Between 1993 and 2011, vegetable production and area cultivated have decreased, whereas rice production has increased. To maximize the multifunctional benefits of urban agriculture in Phnom Penh, further research is needed to understand its importance at the household level and to ensure that it is being practiced effectively and sustainably.