cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenesis in the Human Thymus
Creators: name: D'Agostin, Rhiannon
name: Meissner, Eric
name: Duus, Karen
name: Loomis, Rebecca
name: Su, Lishan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: How HIV replicates and causes destruction of the thymus, and how to restore thymic function, are among the most important questions of HIV-1 pathogenesis and therapy in adult as well as pediatric patients. The thymus appears to function, albeit at reduced levels, throughout the life of adults, to respond to T cell depletion induced by HIV and to be suppressed by HIV. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning HIV replication and pathogenesis in the human thymus, focusing on mechanistic insights gleaned from studies in the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse and human fetal-thymus organ culture (HF-TOC) models. First, we discuss HIV viral determinants and host factors involved in the replication of HIV in the thymus. Second, we consider evidence that both viral factors and host factors contribute to HIV-induced thymocyte depletion. We thus propose that multiple mechanisms, including depletion and suppression of progenitor cells, paracrine and direct lytic depletion of thymocytes, and altered thymocyte selection are involved in HIV-induced pathology in the thymus. With the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse and HF-TOC models, it will be important in the coming years to further clarify the virological, cell biological, and immunological mechanisms of HIV replication and pathogenesis in human thymus, and to correlate their significance in HIV disease progression.
A sampling algorithm for bandwidth estimation in a nonparametric regression model with a flexible error density
Creators: name: Zhang, Xibin
name: King, Maxwell L.
name: Shang, Han Lin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: We propose to approximate the unknown error density of a nonparametric regression model by a mixture of Gaussian densities with means being the individual error realizations and variance a constant parameter. This mixture density has the form of a kernel density estimator of error realizations. We derive an approximate likelihood and posterior for bandwidth parameters in the kernel-form error density and the Nadaraya-Watson regression estimator and develop a sampling algorithm. A simulation study shows that when the true error density is non-Gaussian, the kernel-form error density is often favored against its parametric counterparts including the correct error density assumption. Our approach is demonstrated through a nonparametric regression model of the Australian All Ordinaries daily return on the overnight FTSE and S&P 500 returns. Using the estimated bandwidths, we derive the one-day-ahead density forecast of the All Ordinaries return, and a distribution-free value-at-risk is obtained. The proposed algorithm is also applied to a nonparametric regression model involved in state–price density estimation based on S&P 500 options data.
КАЧЕСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ
Creators: name: Тюменцева Е.В.
name: Панова Е.П.
name: Осипов Е.М.
name: Бубнова М.И.
name: Фролова Н.Н.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: высшее образование
цифровизация
цифровые технологии в образовании
качество образования
эффективность образовательного процесса
международное образование.

description: В статье рассматривается эффективность и качество российского образования в контексте социокультурных, мировоззренческих и педагогических проблем, которые тесно связаны с освоением рынка международного образования, а также цифровизацией отечественного образования. Статья подготовлена по материалам двух этапов социологического исследования, до введения дистанционного обучения (2018/2019 учебного года, до пандемии) без использования дистанционного формата обучения и через год после введения дистанционного обучения (2020/2021 учебного года в период пандемии). Авторы исследования исходят из того что очное и дистанционное обучение имеют ряд существенных различий, вследствие этого переход на дистанционный электронный формат обучения повлечет следующие проблемы: низкий уровень самоорганизации студентов связанный со снижением мотивации к учёбе; сложности в достижении эффективного взаимодействие между преподавателями и студентами; значительное увеличение рабочей нагрузки и количества рабочих часов преподавателя повлечёт снижение мотивации труда среди преподавательского состава. Данный круг проблем существенно снижает удовлетворенность процессом обучения студенческой аудитории, а также актуализирует вопросы, связанные с изучением социального самочувствия преподавателей и оценкой возможных изменений преподавательской деятельности, а в целом речь идет об эффективности и качестве российского образования в условиях электронного обучения с использованием дистанционных образовательных технологий. Важно также указать, что использование дистанционных форм показало и положительные эффекты обучения, тем не менее необходимо учитывать, что основной задачей для высшей школы по-прежнему остается сохранение качества образования, что особенно актуально в конкурентных условиях международного образования. Соответственно, возникает необходимость осознания такого феномена, как получение высшего образования в дистанционном формате в современных условиях. Для снижения возможных рисков авторы рекомендуют на основе выявленных в ходе исследования проблем, наметить пути их преодоления и проявить внимание к пересмотру стратегии образовательной системы в связи с активным внедрением дистанционных и электронных форм обучения.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИСТОРИИ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПАТРУЛЬНО-ПОСТОВОЙ СЛУЖБЫ ПОЛИЦИИ В РОССИИ
Creators: name: Османов М.М.
name: Комаревцева И.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: органы внутренних дел
патрульно-постовая служба
полиция
реформирование
правоохранительные органы
общественный порядок
общественная безопасность
стрелецкие войска
городничие
объезжая голова
приказчик.

description: В статье автор исследует этапы становления патрульно – постовой службы, через исторический аспект развития исследуемого вопроса, а именно изменения в функциях и задачах патрульно-постовой службы в различные периоды, при различных порядках управления и формах устройства государственного правления. Использует исторические исследования и факты для наглядного раскрытия темы исследования. Раскрываются исторические этапы становления правоохранительных структур России, относительно появления первых структурных подразделений по охране общественного порядка и безопасности в периоды с XVI-XVII вв.
Costing Human Rights and Community Support Interventions as a Part of Universal Access to HIV Treatment and Care in a Southern African Setting
Creators: name: Garg, Navneet
name: Smyth, Caoimhe
name: Williams, Brian
name: B. Holmes, Charles
name: Hirnschall, Gottfried
name: Lewis Sabin, Miriam
name: Clayton, Michaela
name: Vitoria, Marco
name: Bennett, Rod
name: DeFilippo Mack, Christina
name: J. Amon, Joseph
name: Jones, Louisa
name: Crowley, Siobhan
name: Makhlouf Obermeyer, Carla
name: Baggaley, Rachel
name: G. Kahn, James
name: Akugizibwe, Paula
name: Granich, Reuben
name: Williams, Phoebe
name: McClure, Craig
name: Stegling, Christine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has both individual health benefits and potential to decrease HIV incidence. Ensuring access to HIV services is a significant human rights issue and successful programmes require adequate human rights protections and community support. However, the cost of specific human rights and community support interventions for equitable, sustainable and non-discriminatory access to ART are not well described. Human rights and community support interventions were identified using the literature and through consultations with experts. Specific costs were then determined for these health sector interventions. Population and epidemic data were provided through the Statistics South Africa 2009 national mid-year estimates. Costs of scale up of HIV prevention and treatment were taken from recently published estimates. Interventions addressed access to services, minimising stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV, confidentiality, informed consent and counselling quality. Integrated HIV programme interventions included training for counsellors, ‘Know Your Rights’ information desks, outreach campaigns for most at risk populations, and adherence support. Complementary measures included post-service interviews, human rights abuse monitoring, transportation costs, legal assistance, and funding for human rights and community support organisations. Other essential non-health sector interventions were identified but not included in the costing framework. The annual costs for the human rights and community support interventions are United States (US) $63.8 million (US $1.22 per capita), representing 1.5% of total health sector HIV programme costs. Respect for human rights and community engagement can be understood both as an obligation of expanded ART programmes and as a critically important factor in their success. Basic rights-based and community support interventions constitute only a small percentage of overall programmes costs. ART programs should consider measuring the cost and impact of human rights and community support interventions as key aspects of successful programme expansion.
Adiabatic hydrodynamics: The eightfold way to dissipation
Creators: name: Haehl, Felix M.
name: Loganayagam, R.
name: Rangamani, Mukund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a complete solution to hydrodynamic transport at all orders in the gradient expansion compatible with the second law constraint. The key new ingredient we introduce is the notion of adiabaticity, which allows us to take hydrodynamics off-shell. Adiabatic fluids are such that off-shell dynamics of the fluid compensates for entropy production. The space of adiabatic fluids is quite rich, and admits a decomposition into seven distinct classes. Together with the dissipative class this establishes the eightfold way of hydrodynamic transport. Furthermore, recent results guarantee that dissipative terms beyond leading order in the gradient expansion are agnostic of the second law. While this completes a transport taxonomy, we go on to argue for a new symmetry principle, an Abelian gauge invariance that guarantees adiabaticity in hydrodynamics. We suggest that this symmetry is the macroscopic manifestation of the microscopic KMS invariance. We demonstrate its utility by explicitly constructing effective actions for adiabatic transport. The theory of adiabatic fluids, we speculate, provides a useful starting point for a new framework to describe non-equilibrium dynamics, wherein dissipative effects arise by Higgsing the Abelian symmetry.
description: 215 pages, 3 figures. v2: minor changes in Appendix. v3: typos fixed, refs added. v4: fixed minor mistakes and typos
К ВОПРОСУ О НЕЗАКОННОМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ТОВАРНЫХ ЗНАКОВ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: Грудцына Л.Ю.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: интеллектуальная собственность
патентное право
интеллектуальная деятельность
товарный знак
доменное имя
знак обслуживания.

description: В последние годы в России проявляется устойчивая тенденция коммерциализации результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, что имеет важное значение для бизнеса. Критерием качества любого отраслевого законодательства является, по нашему мнению, его соответствие потребностям участников соответствующих общественных отношений, динамика которых, в свою очередь, обусловлена постоянным изменением, усложнением окружающего их мира в целом и гражданского оборота в частности. Только учитывающее актуальные интересы участников общественных отношений и способствующее достижению их (интересов) баланса законодательство уместно именовать адекватным регулятором общественных отношений.
Dynamic human MutSα–MutLα complexes compact mismatched DNA
Creators: name: Wu D.
name: Smith A.E.
name: Erie D.A.
name: Hsieh P.
name: Weninger K.R.
name: Chan E.
name: Gauer J.W.
name: Li Z.M.
name: Hao P.
name: Wang B.
name: Burke D.
name: Du C.
name: Spaller L.
name: Bradford K.C.
name: Wilkins H.
Publisher: name: National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2020

description: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) corrects errors that occur during DNA replication. In humans, mutations in the proteins MutSα and MutLα that initiate MMR cause Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary cancer. MutSα surveilles the DNA, and upon recognition of a replication error it undergoes adenosine triphosphate-dependent conformational changes and recruits MutLα. Subsequently, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) activates MutLα to nick the error-containing strand to allow excision and resynthesis. The structure–function properties of these obligate MutSα–MutLα complexes remain mostly unexplored in higher eukaryotes, and models are predominately based on studies of prokaryotic proteins. Here, we utilize atomic force microscopy (AFM) coupled with other methods to reveal time- and concentration-dependent stoichiometries and conformations of assembling human MutSα–MutLα–DNA complexes. We find that they assemble into multimeric complexes comprising three to eight proteins around a mismatch on DNA. On the timescale of a few minutes, these complexes rearrange, folding and compacting the DNA. These observations contrast with dominant models of MMR initiation that envision diffusive MutS–MutL complexes that move away from the mismatch. Our results suggest MutSα localizes MutLα near the mismatch and promotes DNA configurations that could enhance MMR efficiency by facilitating MutLα nicking the DNA at multiple sites around the mismatch. In addition, such complexes may also protect the mismatch region from nucleosome reassembly until repair occurs, and they could potentially remodel adjacent nucleosomes.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРОБЛЕМАХ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТЕМЫ БЕСПЛАТНОЙ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ В РОССИИ
Creators: name: Васильева О.Н.
name: Надточий Ю.Б.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: бесплатная юридическая помощь
правовая поддержка
юридическая консультация
правовая грамотность
опросы студентов.

description: Цель: изучить современное состояние, проблемы и перспективы развития системы бесплатной юридической помощи в России. Отмечается важность оказания юридической помощи как самостоятельной гарантии прав, свобод и законных интересов граждан, а также дающей возможность получения квалифицированной юридической услуги. Методология: построена на сочетании теоретических и эмпирических общенаучных методов исследования и конкретно-научных методов: анализа, синтеза, индукции, дедукции и сравнения, а также анкетирования. Выводы: полученные результаты проведенных исследований свидетельствуют о том, что недостаточная информированность населения о возможностях юридической поддержки, а иногда и юридическая безграмотность приводят к тому, что обращаться за бесплатной юридической помощью многие опасаются. Научная и практическая значимость: результаты проведенного исследования об отношении к бесплатной юридической помощи молодого поколения позволяют сформулировать некоторые практические рекомендации в области проведения работы по повышению уровня правовой культуры и грамотности населения.
Spitzer observations of SN 2014J and properties of mid-IR emission in Type Ia supernovae
Creators: name: Johansson, J.
name: Goobar, A.
name: Kasliwal, M. M.
name: Helou, G.
name: Masci, F.
name: Tinyanont, S.
name: Jencson, J.
name: Cao, Y.
name: Fox, O. D.
name: Kromer, M.
name: Amanullah, R.
name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Joshi, V.
name: Jerkstrand, A.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Prince, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SN 2014J in M82 is the closest Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) in decades. The proximity allows for detailed studies of supernova physics and provides insights into the circumstellar and interstellar environment. In this work we analyze Spitzer mid-IR data of SN 2014J in the 3.6 and 4.5 μm wavelength range, together with several other nearby and well-studied SNe Ia. We compile the first composite mid-IR light-curve templates from our sample of SNe~Ia, spanning the range from before peak brightness well into the nebular phase. Our observations indicate that SNe Ia form a very homogeneous class of objects at these wavelengths. Using the low-reddening supernovae for comparison, we constrain possible thermal emission from circumstellar dust around the highly reddened SN 2014J. We also study SNe 2006X and 2007le, where the presence of matter in the circumstellar environment has been suggested. No significant mid-IR excess is detected, allowing us to place upper limits on the amount of pre-existing dust in the circumstellar environment. For SN 2014J, $M_{dust} < 10^{-5}$ M$_{\odot}$ within $r_{dust} \sim 10^{17}$ cm, which is insufficient to account for the observed extinction. Similar limits are obtained for SNe 2006X and 2007le.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Published in MNRAS
The DASH Diet and Insulin Sensitivity
Creators: name: Hinderliter, Alan L.
name: Sherwood, Andrew
name: Babyak, Michael A.
name: Blumenthal, James A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Lifestyle modifications, including adoption of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern, weight loss in individuals who are overweight or obese, and physical activity, are effective in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. A healthy lifestyle may also have beneficial effects on metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, that are associated with high blood pressure. This review examines the independent and combined effects of the DASH diet and weight loss plus exercise on blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, with a focus on recently published results from the ENCORE study. Our data suggest that the DASH eating plan alone lowers blood pressure in overweight individuals with higher than optimal blood pressure, but significant improvements in insulin sensitivity are observed only when the DASH diet is implemented as part of a more comprehensive lifestyle modification program that includes exercise and weight loss.
The Role of Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring in Managing Hypertensive Populations
Creators: name: Goldstein, Karen
name: Zullig, Leah L.
name: Shaw, Ryan J.
name: Bosworth, Hayden B.
name: Dee Melnyk, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Hypertension is a common chronic disease affecting nearly one-third of the United States population. Many interventions have been designed to help patients manage their hypertension. With the evolving climate of healthcare, rapidly developing technology, and emphasis on delivering patient-centered care, home-based blood pressure telemonitoring is a promising tool to help patients achieve optimal blood pressure (BP) control. Home-based blood pressure telemonitoring is associated with reductions in blood pressure values and increased patient satisfaction. However, additional research is needed to understand cost-effectiveness and long-term clinical outcomes of home-based BP monitoring. We review key interventional trials involving home based BP monitoring, with special emphasis placed on studies involving additionally behavioral modification and/or medication management. Furthermore, we discuss the role of home-based blood pressure telemonitoring within the context of the patient-centered medical home and the evolving role of technology.
Nonparametric Estimation and Parametric Calibration of Time-Varying Coefficient Realized Volatility Models
Creators: name: Chen, Xiangjin B.
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Li, Degui
name: Silvapulle, Param
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper introduces a new specification for the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model for the realized volatility of S&P500 index returns. In this new model, the coeffcients of the HAR are allowed to be time-varying with unknown functional forms. We propose a local linear method for estimating this TVC-HAR model as well as a bootstrap method for constructing confidence intervals for the time varying coefficient functions. In addition, the estimated nonparametric TVC-HAR was calibrated by fitting parametric polynomial functions by minimising the L2-type criterion. The calibrated TVC-HAR and the simple HAR models were tested separately against the nonparametric TVC-HAR model. The test statistics constructed based on the generalised likelihood ratio method augmented with bootstrap method provide evidence in favour of calibrated TVC-HAR model. More importantly, the results of conditional predictive ability test developed by Giacomini and White (2006) indicate that the non-parametric TVC-HAR model consistently outperforms its calibrated counterpart as well as the simple HAR and the HAR-GARCH models in out-of-sample forecasting.
QORAQALPOG'ISTON RESPUBLIKASI SHAROITIDA ERTA BAHORDA BODRING ETISHTIRISHNING ENG SAMARALI USULINI ANIQLASH
Creators: name: Allamjarova, Gulbaxar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada, bodring o‘simligini erta bahorda Qaroqalpog‘iston Respublikasi sharoitida  etishtirishning eng qulay ekish usullarini aniqlash bo‘yicha olib borilgan  ilmiy taqdiqotlarning tahliliy natijalari va ishlab chiqarishga tavsiyalar keltirilgan
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Phenotypes and the Risk for Hypertension
Creators: name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Viera, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring provides valuable information on a person’s BP phenotype. Abnormal ambulatory BP phenotypes include white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, nocturnal nondipping, nocturnal hypertension, and high BP variability. Compared to people with sustained normotension (normal BP in the clinic and on ambulatory BP monitoring), the limited research available suggests that the risk of developing sustained hypertension (abnormal BP in the clinic and on ambulatory BP monitoring) over 5 to 10 years is approximately two to three times greater for people with white-coat or masked hypertension. More limited data suggest that nondipping might predate hypertension, and no studies, to our knowledge, have examined whether nocturnal hypertension or high ambulatory BP variability predict hypertension. Ambulatory BP monitoring may be useful in identifying people at increased risk of developing sustained hypertension, but the clinical utility for such use would need to be further examined.
Compte rendu
Creators: name: Boucharenc, Myriam
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: André Beucler
subject: Natacha Beucler
subject: Pierre Bost
subject: Odette Bost
subject: Amitié
subject: Cahiers Beucler.
subject: André Beucler
subject: Natacha Beucler
subject: Pierre Bost
subject: Odette Bost
subject: Friendship
subject: Cahiers Beucler.

description: Pendant un demi-siècle, une forte amitié a uni André et Natacha Beucler à Pierre et Odette Bost. Cette correspondance à quatre mains entre les deux écrivains et leurs épouses couvre l’Histoire du XXe siècle depuis les Années folles jusqu’aux années 68. Vie publique et vie privée, création et voyages interfèrent avec un humour complice qui, avec le temps, devient nostalgique.
description: During half a century, a strong friendship united André and Natacha Beucler to Pierre and Odette Bost. This four hands correspondence between the two writers and their wives covers 20th century’s History from The Golden years to 1968. Public and private life, creation and travels interfere with a knowing humour that, over the years, becomes nostalgic.
МЕТОДЫ ЗАЩИТЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ШИФРОВАНИЯ ДАННЫХ
Creators: name: Карачаев А.Р.
name: Шогенов З.А.
name: Курбанов Т.К.
name: Пашаева Ф.Р.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: безопасность сетей
технологии шифрования
криптография
конфиденциальность информации
алгоритмы шифрования.

description: C развитием глобальных информационных технологий и популяризацией интернета вопросы безопасности компьютерных сетей ставятся на первое место. Передача данных по сети должна обеспечивать их конфиденциальность, доступность, целостность. Единственным эффективным средством решения этих задач является использование современной криптографии. Являясь основной технологией информационной безопасности, технология шифрования привлекает все большее внимание людей. Применение криптографических методов, как и прежде, больше не ограничивается военной, политической и дипломатической областями, его коммерческая ценность и социальная значимость стали широко признаваться. Шифрование является самым простым и самым важным способом гарантии, что информация в компьютерной системе не может быть украдена и прочитана кем-то, кто хочет использовать ее в злонамеренных целях.
Two-dimensional linear and nonlinear Talbot effect from rogue waves
Creators: name: Zhang, Yiqi
name: Belić, Milivoj R.
name: Petrović, Milan S.
name: Zheng, Huaibin
name: Chen, Haixia
name: Li, Changbiao
name: Lu, Keqing
name: Zhang, Yanpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce two-dimensional (2D) linear and nonlinear Talbot effects. They are produced by propagating periodic 2D diffraction patterns and can be visualized as 3D stacks of Talbot carpets. The nonlinear Talbot effect originates from 2D rogue waves and forms in a bulk 3D nonlinear medium. The recurrences of an input rogue wave are observed at the Talbot length and at the half-Talbot length, with a πphase shift; no other recurrences are observed. Different from the nonlinear Talbot effect, the linear effect displays the usual fractional Talbot images as well. We also find that the smaller the period of incident rogue waves, the shorter the Talbot length. Increasing the beam intensity increases the Talbot length, but above a threshold this leads to a catastrophic self-focusing phenomenon which destroys the effect. We also find that the Talbot recurrence can be viewed as a self-Fourier transform of the initial periodic beam that is automatically performed during propagation. In particular, linear Talbot effect can be viewed as a fractional self-Fourier transform, whereas the nonlinear Talbot effect can be viewed as the regular self-Fourier transform. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the rogue wave initial condition is sufficient but not necessary for the observation of the effect. It may also be observed from other periodic inputs, provided they are set on a finite background. The 2D effect may find utility in the production of 3D photonic crystals.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Genetics, Ancestry, and Hypertension: Implications for Targeted Antihypertensive Therapies
Creators: name: Arnett, Donna K.
name: Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M.
name: Franceschini, Nora
name: Chasman, Daniel I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Hypertension is the most common chronic condition seen by physicians in ambulatory care and a condition for which life-long medications are commonly prescribed. There is evidence for genetic factors influencing blood pressure variation in populations and response to medications. This review summarizes recent genetic discoveries that surround blood pressure, hypertension, and antihypertensive drug response from genome-wide association studies, while highlighting ancestry-specific findings and any potential implication for drug therapy targets. Genome-wide association studies have identified several novel loci for inter-individual variation of blood pressure and hypertension risk in the general population. Evidence from pharmacogenetic studies suggests that genes influence the blood pressure response to antihypertensive drugs, although results are somewhat inconsistent across studies. There is still much work that remains to be done to identify genes both for efficacy and adverse events of antihypertensive medications.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fluxes From Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments in a High-Altitude Tropical Catchment
Creators: name: Riveros-Iregui D.A.
name: Encalada A.C.
name: Whitmore K.M.
name: Schneider C.L.
name: Suárez E.
name: Murray A.R.
name: Herrera M.
name: Raisle M.L.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: High-altitude tropical grasslands, known as “páramos,” are characterized by high solar radiation, high precipitation, and low temperature. They also exhibit some of the highest ecosystem carbon stocks per unit area on Earth. Recent observations have shown that páramos may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere as a result of climate change; however, little is known about the source of this excess CO2 in these mountainous environments or which landscape components contribute the most CO2. We evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of surface CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere from adjacent terrestrial and aquatic environments in a high-altitude catchment of Ecuador, based on a suite of field measurements performed during the wet season. Our findings revealed the importance of hydrologic dynamics in regulating the magnitude and likely fate of dissolved carbon in the stream. While headwater catchments are known to contribute disproportionately larger amounts of carbon to the atmosphere than their downstream counterparts, our study highlights the spatial heterogeneity of CO2 fluxes within and between aquatic and terrestrial landscape elements in headwater catchments of complex topography. Our findings revealed that CO2 evasion from stream surfaces was up to an order of magnitude greater than soil CO2 efflux from the adjacent terrestrial environment. Stream carbon flux to the atmosphere appeared to be transport limited (i.e., controlled by flow characteristics, turbulent flow, and water velocity) in the upper reaches of the stream, and source limited (i.e., controlled by CO2 and carbon availability) in the lower reaches of the stream. A 4-m waterfall along the channel accounted for up to 35% of the total evasion observed along a 250-m stream reach. These findings represent a first step in understanding ecosystem carbon cycling at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in high-altitude, tropical, headwater catchments.
КЛАССИЧЕСКИЕ И АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЕ (СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ) МОДЕЛИ УГОЛОВНОГО ПРАВОСУДИЯ В ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАНАХ
Creators: name: Пешков М.А.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: уголовный процесс
модели уголовного процесса
восстановительное правосудие
правонарушитель
потерпевший
причинение вреда
компенсация
лишение свободы
преступление.

description: Рассматривая классические модели уголовного процесса, автор сравнивает, отмечает их достоинства и недостатки. Приводятся примеры современных альтернатив традиционной системе уголовного преследования. Подробно рассматривается модель восстановительного правосудия. Большое внимание уделяется месту и роли потерпевшего в этой модели, защите его прав.На примере реальных дел отмечается эффективность процедур восстановительного правосудия, которая может быть весьма высока и кратно превосходить возможное судебное наказание.
Estimating Smooth Structural Change in Cointegration Models
Creators: name: Phillips, Peter C. B.
name: Li, Degui
name: Gao, Jiti
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper studies nonlinear cointegration models in which the structural coefficients may evolve smoothly over time. These time-varying coefficient functions are well-suited to many practical applications and can be estimated conveniently by nonparametric kernel methods. It is shown that the usual asymptotic methods of kernel estimation completely break down in this setting when the functional coefficients are multivariate. The reason for this breakdown is a kernel-induced degeneracy in the weighted signal matrix associated with the nonstationary regressors, a new phenomenon in the kernel regression literature. Some new techniques are developed to address the degeneracy and resolve the asymptotics, using a path-dependent local coordinate transformation to re-orient coordinates and accommodate the degeneracy. The resulting asymptotic theory is fundamentally different from the existing kernel literature, giving two different limit distributions with different convergence rates in the different directions (or combinations) of the (functional) parameter space. Both rates are faster than the usual (√nh) rate for nonlinear models with smoothly changing coefficients and local stationarity. Hence two types of super-consistency apply in nonparametric kernel estimation of time-varying coefficient cointegration models. The higher rate of convergence (n√h) lies in the direction of the nonstationary regressor vector at the local coordinate point. The lower rate (nh) lies in the degenerate directions but is still super-consistent for nonparametric estimators. In addition, local linear methods are used to reduce asymptotic bias and a fully modified kernel regression method is proposed to deal with the general endogenous nonstationary regressor case. Simulations are conducted to explore the finite sample properties of the methods and a practical application is given to examine time varying empirical relationships involving consumption, disposable income, investment and real interest rates.
Signaling Through Rho GTPase Pathway as Viable Drug Target
Creators: name: Zhou, Huchen
name: Lu, Qun
name: Massa, Stephen
name: Longo, Frank
name: Chen, Yan-Hua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Signaling through the Rho family of small GTPases has been increasingly investigated for their involvement in a wide variety of diseases such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurological disorders as well as cancer. Rho GTPases are a subfamily of the Ras superfamily proteins which play essential roles in a number of biological processes, especially in the regulation of cell shape change, cytokinesis, cell adhesion, and cell migration. Many of these processes demonstrate a common theme: the rapid and dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton of which Rho signaling has now emerged as a major switch control. The involvement of dynamic changes of Rho GTPases in disease states underscores the need to produce effective inhibitors for their therapeutic applications. Fasudil and Y-27632, with many newer additions, are two classes of widely used chemical compounds that inhibit Rho kinase (ROCK), an important downstream effector of RhoA subfamily GTPases. These inhibitors have been successful in many preclinical studies, indicating the potential benefit of clinical Rho pathway inhibition. On the other hand, except for Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766, there are few effective inhibitors directly targeting Rho GTPases, likely due to the lack of optimal structural information on individual Rho-RhoGEF, Rho-RhoGAP, or Rho-RhoGDI interaction to achieve specificity. Recently, LM11A-31 and other derivatives of peptide mimetic ligands for p75 neutrotrophoin receptor (p75NTR) show promising effects upstream of Rho GTPase signaling in neuronal regeneration. CCG-1423, a chemical compound showing profiles of inhibiting downstream of RhoA, is a further attempt for the development of novel pharmacological tools to disrupt Rho signaling pathway in cancer. Because of a rapidly growing number of studies deciphering the role of the Rho proteins in many diseases, specific and potent pharmaceutical modulators of various steps of Rho GTPase signaling pathway are critically needed to target for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and cancer progression.
Why Don't People Engage in Interpersonal Emotion Regulation?
Creators: name: Kalokerinos, Elise
name: Greenaway, Katharine
name: Wilson, Ella
name: Bianchi, Valentina
name: Uchida, Aya
name: Tran, Anh
name: O'Brien, Sarah T.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Changing others’ emotions, or one’s own emotions using others, can have myriad benefits for personal and social well-being. However, emerging research suggests that interpersonal emotion regulation is relatively rare in day-to-day life. Because existing literature has focused primarily on the strategies people use to regulate, researchers have little understanding of why people may not initiate interpersonal emotion regulation in the first place. To answer this foundational question, we will use data collected in two daily diary studies (N=171 and N=200) and one experience sampling study (N=239). We aim to explore how often people intend to regulate their own emotions through others (intrinsic regulation), and how often they intend to regulate others’ emotions (extrinsic regulation). We further propose to investigate trait-level predictors of not regulating, including individual differences in interpersonal emotion regulation, personality, emotion differentiation, depression and anxiety. Together, these findings will shed light on why, and for whom, interpersonal emotion regulation is not initiated, laying the groundwork for interventions to target intentional and adaptive social regulation.
Quantum heat engines based on electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers
Creators: name: Hofer, Patrick P.
name: Sothmann, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the thermoelectric properties of heat engines based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The energy dependence of the transmission amplitudes in such setups arises from a difference in the interferometer arm lengths. Any thermoelectric response is thus of purely quantum mechanical origin. In addition to an experimentally established three-terminal setup, we also consider a two-terminal geometry as well as a four-terminal setup consisting of two interferometers. We find that Mach-Zehnder interferometers can be used as powerful and efficient heat engines which perform well under realistic conditions.
description: Published version, 8 Pages, 5 Figures
Adverse effects of fenofibrate in mice deficient in the protein quality control regulator, CHIP
Creators: name: Lockyer P.
name: Willis M.S.
name: Stevens R.D.
name: Bain J.R.
name: Parry T.L.
name: Ravi S.
name: Schisler J.C.
name: Patterson C.
name: Newgard C.B.
name: Ilkayeva O.R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2018

description: We previously reported how the loss of CHIP expression (Carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-Interacting Protein) during pressure overload resulted in robust cardiac dysfunction, which was accompanied by a failure to maintain ATP levels in the face of increased energy demand. In this study, we analyzed the cardiac metabolome after seven days of pressure overload and found an increase in long-chain and medium-chain fatty acid metabolites in wild-type hearts. This response was attenuated in mice that lack expression of CHIP (CHIP-/-). These findings suggest that CHIP may play an essential role in regulating oxidative metabolism pathways that are regulated, in part, by the nuclear receptor PPARα (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha). Next, we challenged CHIP-/- mice with the PPARα agonist called fenofibrate. We found that treating CHIP-/- mice with fenofibrate for five weeks under non-pressure overload conditions resulted in decreased skeletal muscle mass, compared to wild-type mice, and a marked increase in cardiac fibrosis accompanied by a decrease in cardiac function. Fenofibrate resulted in decreased mitochondrial cristae density in CHIP-/- hearts as well as decreased expression of genes involved in the initiation of autophagy and mitophagy, which suggests that a metabolic challenge, in the absence of CHIP expression, impacts pathways that contribute to mitochondrial quality control. In conclusion, in the absence of functional CHIP expression, fenofibrate results in unexpected skeletal muscle and cardiac pathologies. These findings are particularly relevant to patients harboring loss-of-function mutations in CHIP and are consistent with a prominent role for CHIP in regulating cardiac metabolism.
Enhancing light-harvesting power with coherent vibrational interactions: a quantum heat engine picture
Creators: name: Killoran, Nathan
name: Huelga, Susana F.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent evidence suggests that quantum effects may have functional importance in biological light-harvesting systems. Along with delocalized electronic excitations, it is now suspected that quantum coherent interactions with certain near-resonant vibrations may contribute to light-harvesting performance. However, the actual quantum advantage offered by such coherent vibrational interactions has not yet been established. We investigate a quantum design principle, whereby coherent exchange of single energy quanta between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom can enhance a light-harvesting system's power above what is possible by thermal mechanisms alone. We present a prototype quantum heat engine which cleanly illustrates this quantum design principle, and quantify its quantum advantage using thermodynamic measures of performance. We also demonstrate the principle's relevance in parameter regimes connected to natural light-harvesting structures.
МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ ПРЕСТУПНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОД РАЗВИТИЕМ САНКЦИОННЫХ ЗАПРЕТОВ
Creators: name: Конев Д.А.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2022
Subjects: санкции
криптовалюта
услуги
криптокошельки
обслуживание
некастодиальные кошельки.

description: В статье анализируются влияние санкционных запретов на модернизацию преступной деятельности. Особое внимание автор уделяет очередному восьмому пакету санкций, представленному странами Европейского Союза, в котором речь идет о запрете на обслуживание криптоактивов граждан и резидентов Российской Федерации. В ходе анализа автор приходит к выводу о том, что произойдет обвальный рост преступлений в сфере оборота криптовалют.
Epidemiology of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Creators: name: Nkalani M.
name: Parr J.B.
name: Banek K.
name: Svec W.M.
name: Lin J.T.
name: Bailey J.A.
name: Nseka T.
name: Juliano J.J.
name: Sendor R.
name: Kihuma G.
name: Mvuama N.
name: Carrel M.
name: Emch M.
name: Thwai K.L.
name: Kashamuka M.M.
name: Bala J.A.
name: Atibu J.
name: Tshefu A.
name: Goel V.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2023

description: Reports suggest non-falciparum species are an underappreciated cause of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa but their epidemiology is ill-defined, particularly in highly malaria-endemic regions. We estimated incidence and prevalence of PCR-confirmed non-falciparum and Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections within a longitudinal study conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2015-2017. Children and adults were sampled at biannual household surveys and routine clinic visits. Among 9,089 samples from 1,565 participants, incidences of P. malariae, P. ovale spp., and P. falciparum infections by 1-year were 7.8% (95% CI: 6.4%-9.1%), 4.8% (95% CI: 3.7%-5.9%) and 57.5% (95% CI: 54.4%-60.5%), respectively. Non-falciparum prevalences were higher in school-age children, rural and peri-urban sites, and P. falciparum co-infections. P. falciparum remains the primary driver of malaria in the DRC, though non-falciparum species also pose an infection risk. As P. falciparum interventions gain traction in high-burden settings, continued surveillance and improved understanding of non-falciparum infections are warranted.
Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem and differential characters
Creators: name: Ho, Man-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we first prove that every differential character can be represented by differential form with singularities. Then we lift the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for vector bundles to differential characters.
description: 11 pages. Comments are welcome. Final version. To appear in Results in Mathematics
Fluconazole Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Premature Infants
Creators: name: Turner, K.
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, M.
name: M. Laughon, M.
name: K. Benjamin, D.
name: B. Smith, P.
name: Manzoni, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Invasive candidiasis (IC) in the premature infant population is a common infection that results in substantial morbidity and mortality. For these patients, fluconazole is among the first line therapies to treat and prevent IC, and yet few prospective studies investigating its pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety have been performed in this vulnerable population. We review five phase I studies examining the PK of fluconazole in premature infants, which demonstrate markedly differing kinetics compared to adults. Based on these data, a treatment dose of 12 mg/kg/day, with the potential need of a loading dose of 25 mg/kg to achieve rapid steady state concentrations, achieves surrogate pharmacodynamic targets. Additionally, fluconazole appears to be safe to use in this population, with only minimal reversible hepatobiliary effects.
Testbeschreibung zur skillbasierten Lernverlaufsdiagnostik "Auslaute" (AV-LVD) zur Messung des Rechtschreibphänomen Auslautverhärtung
Creators: name: Jungjohann, Jana
name: Barwasser, Anne
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Auslautverhärtung, Lernverlaufsdiagnostik, Progress Monitoring, Rechtschreiben, Skilltest
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: In diesem Testbericht wird die Testkonstruktion der skillbasierten Lernverlaufsdiagnostik „Auslaute“ sowie der dazugehörige Itempool vorgestellt. Dieser Test erweitert das Testrepertoire der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik im Bereich der Skilltests (Gebhardt et al., 2021), da er das Rechtschreibphänomen der Auslautverhärtung isoliert berücksichtigt und als Skill definiert. Der Test ist als webbasierte Testversion in der Onlineplattform www.levumi.de (Gebhardt et al., 2016) implementiert und kann dort kostenfrei durchgeführt werden. Der Tests ist als schülerzentrierter Speedtest (Rost, 2004) mit einer Durchführungszeit von fünf Minuten konstruiert. Für die Itemkonstruktion wurden alle im Deutschen vorkommenden Konsonanten mit stimmhafter oder stimmloser Schreibung (b, p, d, t, g, k) berücksichtigt. Jedes Item besteht aus einem Wort, welches stets eine Auslassung für den Zielkonsonanten am Wortende aufweist. Die Aufgabe besteht darin, die Lücke mit dem korrekten Konsonanten zu füllen. Zur Auswahl wird ein stimmhafter und ein stimmloser Auslaut gegeben. Um das Wortverständnis zu sichern, wird zu jedem Wort ein passendes Bild präsentiert. Diesem Dokument ist eine druckbare Papierversion angehangen.
Fragen aus der Praxis an den (neuen) CIC und Antworten eines Kirchenrechtlers
Creators: name: Rüster, Leonhard
name: Walf, Knut
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 13 Nr. 4 (1982): Diakonia, Band 13, Heft 4