cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What Drives Agricultural Input Subsidy Reform in Africa? Applying the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy Change
Creators: name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Mather, David
name: Mason, Nicole
name: Ndyetabula, Daniel
name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Mather, David
name: Mason, Nicole
name: Ndyetabula, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Kaleidoscope model
subject: input subsidy reform
subject: Africa

description: Input subsidies currently are one of the more contentious agricultural policies in sub-Saharan Africa. On the one hand, they can play a critical role in providing inputs to poor farmers. On the other hand, they typically raise questions about appropriate targeting, implications for agricultural budgets, and potential misuse for personal or political gain. The resurgence in agricultural input subsidies that began in the early 2000s and expanded throughout Africa during that decade precipitated a new wave of rigorous empirical research on the effectiveness of different modalities and pointed to some clear challenges across countries for these interventions (see Jayne and Rashid 2013; Minot and Benson 2009). Nevertheless, reforms to improve the effectiveness of agricultural input subsidy programs (ISPs) has occurred at a variable pace across countries and resulted in different design and implementation modalities. Understanding the reasons for such policy variation is useful for the international development and research communities in order to recognize when evidence is likely to have an impact on policymakers, which stakeholder interests are most important to consider, and how to disentangle whether it is low capacity, insufficient political will, or both that ultimately stymies input subsidy reform.
Introducing the National Research Data Infrastructure for the Research of Microbiota (NFDI4Microbiota)
Creators: name: Paulmann, Carmen
name: Becker, Anke
name: Bork, Peer
name: Clavel, Thomas
name: Nunes da Rocha, Ulisses
name: Förstner, Konrad U.
name: Goesmann, Alexander
name: Götz, Barbara
name: Marz, Manja
name: Overmann, Jörg
name: Sauerland, Kristin D.
name: Sczyrba, Alexander
name: Stoye, Jens
name: Vandendorpe, Justine
name: McHardy, Alice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Poster presentation for the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for Virology 30 March – 2 April 2022 in Munich.

Microbes - including viruses - have a strong influence on every aspect of human life. Driven by technological advances that allow e.g. high-throughput molecular characterization of microbial species and communities, microbiological research helps to address global health threats such as viral pandemics. These recent advances result in the generation of large data sets, yet the use and re-use of this data so far has failed to exploit its potential. NFDI4Microbiota aims to facilitate the digital transformation of the microbiological community and thus the mission of the consortium is to support the German virology and microbiology community with access to data, analysis services, (meta)data standards and training. A German microbial research network will be generated through training and community building activities, and by creating a cloud-based system that will make the storage, integration and analysis of microbial data, especially omics data, consistent, reproducible, and accessible.  Thereby, NFDI4Microbiota will promote the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable) principles and Open Science.

Especially for viruses, we aim to establish a virus database, including not only the option to submit viral data, but also metadata. Data will be quality checked and the virologist has the option to make them publicly available or keep the data in his own ‘workbench’. Common analysis tools, such as for homology search, assembly, alignments with known sequences, or phylogenetic information will be provided.

NFDI4Microbiota has started its activity in October 2021. It consists of ten well-established partner institutions and is supported by five professional societies and more than 50 participants. Many workshops and training events for the communities will take place in 2022 (https://nfdi4microbiota.de/index.php/trainings/). Moreover, the consortium will connect to the participants via an ambassador program and start the work on different Use Cases this year.

If you plan to submit your virus data or you want to know details about the planned virus database we will be at the conference all time to answer your questions.

NFDI4Microbiota helps the microbiological research community by providing technical solutions and a comprehensive training program. Through the dual emphasis on education and services, NFDI4Microbiota will ensure that microbial research in Germany is synergistic and efficient.
Abtragungs- und Bodenbildungsphasen im Rißlöß
Creators: name: Bibus, Erhard
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1974

description: In vorliegender Untersuchung wurde der Rißlöß zwischen der 1. und 2. fossilen Parabraunerde anhand schwächerer Bodenbildungen und eingeschalteter Abtragungsphasen zu gliedern versucht. Im jüngeren Riß herrschte starke Lößsedimentation vor, wobei es in mindestens 6 kaltfeuchten Abschnitten zur Ausbildung schwacher periglazialer Naßböden kam. Die Naßbodenserie wurde als Bruchköbeler Böden (B) bezeichnet. Im jüngsten Rißlöß ist wenige dm unter dem Eemboden als tephrochronologischer Leithorizont der Krifteler Tuff (vgl. SEMMEL 1968) eingeschaltet. Den mittleren Profilbereich im Rißlöß zeichnen feuchtere Klimaabschnitte mit starken Verschwemmungsphasen aus, die in den meisten Profilen zu erheblichen Diskordanzen geführt haben. An der Basis der wenigen kompletten Rißlöß-Profile treten vorwiegend in Hessen über der zumeist gekappten 2. fossilen Parabraunerde maximal zwei Schwarzerden auf, die von SEMMEL (1968) als Weilbacher Humuszonen bezeichnet werden. Unmittelbar über diesen Schwarzerden folgt die Ostheimer Zone, eine Fließerde aus aufgearbeitetem Solumaterial der liegenden Böden. Insgesamt zeigt die aus den Rißböden rekonstruierte Klimaabfolge — neben geringfügigen Abweichungen — überraschende Parallelen zur paläopedologisch-klimatischen Gliederung der Würmkaltzeit.
description: research
Joint Optimization of AI Fairness and Utility: A Human-Centered Approach
Creators: name: Zhang, Yunfeng
name: Bellamy, Rachel K. E.
name: Varshney, Kush R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Today, AI is increasingly being used in many high-stakes decision-making applications in which fairness is an important concern. Already, there are many examples of AI being biased and making questionable and unfair decisions. The AI research community has proposed many methods to measure and mitigate unwanted biases, but few of them involve inputs from human policy makers. We argue that because different fairness criteria sometimes cannot be simultaneously satisfied, and because achieving fairness often requires sacrificing other objectives such as model accuracy, it is key to acquire and adhere to human policy makers' preferences on how to make the tradeoff among these objectives. In this paper, we propose a framework and some exemplar methods for eliciting such preferences and for optimizing an AI model according to these preferences.
description: To appear in AIES 2020 proceedings
Wirkungen des pleistözänen kaltzeitlichen Klimas, insbesondere des Bodenfrostes, in den Sedimenten des östlichen Ostfalen (Eiskeile, Löß-Flugsand, asymmetrische Täler)
Creators: name: Brosche, Karl-Ulrich
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1997

description: Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags wird eine reiche Dokumentation von Abbildungen vorgenommen, um das Inventar von Eiskeilen im östlichen Teil von Niedersachsen (Ostfalen) zu analysieren. Eiskeile sind die einzigen Periglazialerscheinungen, die zweifelsfrei einen ehemaligen Dauerfrostboden repräsentieren. Nach einer kurzen Einleitung werden im 2. Kapitel zwei saalezeitliche oder elsterzeitliche Eiskeilnetze dokumentiert, welche in Ahlum (östlich von Wolfenbüttel) bis in eine Tiefe von 6 m herabreichen und welche sehr gut datiert werden können durch ihr Füllmaterial und die Deckschichten. In Barmke (nordwestl. von Helmstedt, Nr. 12, Abb. 1) wurden im Rahmen eines größeren Eiskeilnetzes normale Eiskeile und vorzeitliche „Eisgänge" (ice-vains) angetroffen (Abb. 3). welche ebenfalls eine saalezeitliches oder elsterzeitliches Alter besitzen. Die Eiskeile mit einer Länge von 2,0 bis 2,5 m, die in einer zusammenhängenden Phase gebildet wurden, sind alle von weichselzeitlichem Alter (Kap. 3). In manchen Exemplaren liegen polygenetische Eiskeile vor, die entweder während der Saale- (oder der Elster-Zeit) oder - in anderen Fällen - während der Saale- und Weichselzeit wuchsen (Kap. 4). - In Kapitel 5 werden einige „Kleinkeile" und Kissenböden mit kleinen syngenetischen Frostspalten präsentiert, deren Bildung nicht in eine Permafrostperiode fällt, sondern die während einer weniger kalten stadialen oder interstadialen Phase während der Weichselkaltzeit gebildet sein müssen (Abb. 15 und 16). - Eine Abfolge von gelbem Löß in Abwechslung mit weißen Sanden, die aus dem Eozän der Helmstedter Tertiärmulde stammen, stellt eine Ausnahme dar (vgl. GEERt & HAGEDORN 1996). - Nur zwei klimatisch bedingte asymmetrische Täler, beide etwa in Süd-Nord-Richtung verlaufend, wurden gefunden. Sie wurden in Quartärsedimenten entwickelt oder in Sanden des Tertiärs (Miozäns. Oligozäns, Eozäns). Nur einige Eiskeile sind in Mergeln des Mittleren Keupers ausgebildet. - Syngenetische Kryoturbationsformen und Eiskeilpseudomorphosen wurden nur in der Oker-Mittelterrasse nördl. Isingerode angetroffen. - An klimatischen Schlüssen kann für die kälteste Zeit der Weichsel- und Saale-Kaltzeit geschlossen werden, daß die Temperaturdepression (im Jahresdurchschnitt) mindestens 14 bis 15° betragen hat.
description: research
Grobgeschiebestatistik als Hilfsmittel bei der Kartierung eiszeitlicher Halte
Creators: name: Seraphim, Ernst Th.
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1966

description: Zu den Zielen der Eiszeitforschung gehört das Erfassen der Stillstandslagen des nordischen Inlandeises. Im Tiefland haben sich dabei Morphologie und Leitgeschiebestatistik bewährt. In mittelgebirgigen Landschaften setzen erosive Abtragung der Moränen und fluviatile Umlagerung von Geschieben der Anwendung dieser Methoden oft enge Grenzen. Hier bietet sich als zusätzliche Methode die Grobgeschiebestatistik an. Danach lassen sich glaziale Halte auch aus der Ansammlung von fluviatil nicht transportablen groben nordischen Blöcken in schmalen Streifen im Gelände ablesen. Der Beitrag befaßt sich weiterhin mit den kritischen Einschränkungen des Aussagewertes der Methode, vor allem in Relation zu den herkömmlichen Verfahren. Einige Hinweise sollen der praktischen Arbeit mit der Grobgeschiebestatistik im Gelände dienen.
description: research
Rezente Periglazialerscheinungen im Gebiet des Daisetsu San in Nordjapan
Creators: name: Ellenberg, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1976

description: In Japan gibt es nur eine einzige Gebirgsregion, in der rezente Periglazialformen weitverbreitet auftreten. Es ist die Vulkan-Gruppe des Daisetsu San im zentralen Teil der Insel Hokkaido, der nördlichsten großen Insel Japans. Unter Mitverwendung der Beobachtungen Japanischer Autoren wird die Regelhaftigkeit des Auftretens von rezenten Periglazialformen und ihrer Vergesellschaftung in Tab. 1 aufgezeigt.
description: research
Is my system of ODEs $k$-cooperative?
Creators: name: Weiss, Eyal
name: Margaliot, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A linear dynamical system is called positive if its flow maps the non-negative orthant to itself. More precisely, it maps the set of vectors with zero sign variations to itself. A linear dynamical system is called $k$-positive if its flow maps the set of vectors with up to $k-1$ sign variations to itself. A nonlinear dynamical system is called $k$-cooperative if its variational system, which is a time-varying linear dynamical system, is $k$-positive. These systems have special asymptotic properties. For example, it was recently shown that strongly $2$-cooperative systems satisfy a strong Poincaré-Bendixson property. Positivity and~$k$-positivity are easy to verify in terms of the sign-pattern of the matrix in the dynamics. However, these sign conditions are not invariant under a coordinate transformation. A natural question is to determine if a given~$n$-dimensional system is $k$-positive up to a coordinate transformation. We study this problem for two special kinds of transformations: permutations and scaling by a signature matrix. For any $n\geq 4$ and~$k\in\{2,\dots, n-2\}$, we provide a graph-theoretical necessary and sufficient condition for $k$-positivity up to such coordinate transformations. We describe an application of our results to a specific class of Lotka-Volterra systems.
Estimation of the Difference in Agricultural Yield Between Male and Female Farmers in Nigeria
Creators: name: Ekerebi, Epiyaigha
name: Adeola, Oluwafunmiso Olajide O.
name: Ekerebi, Epiyaigha
name: Adeola, Oluwafunmiso Olajide O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Nigeria
subject: Male
subject: female
subject: agricultural yield

description: Nigeria has abundant land and water resources and her agricultural sector has high growth potentials, but due to various factors like increasing climatic conditions, land fragmentation and years of gender blind policies, the sector has not performed as expected. Farming is mostly done on a small scale and it is mostly rain-fed thereby making the production system weather sensitive. Large scale farming and irrigation practices are still underutilized in several parts of the country.
Towards a Systemic Analysis of the Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production in Nigeria
Creators: name: Olabisi, Laura Schmitt
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
name: Olajide, Adeola
name: Olabisi, Laura Schmitt
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda
name: Olajide, Adeola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Nigeria
subject: climate change

description: Climate change and the negative consequences it has on agriculture is already evident in Nigeria and other Sub-Saharan African countries. Mean annual rainfall in the Sahel region is declining and becoming more erratic while the growing season s. The impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector in Nigeria going forward are expected to be severe, but so far there is a dearth of systemic analysis of how these impacts would develop over time, or how they would interact with other drivers impacting Nigerian agriculture. Such a systemic analysis could contribute to adaptation efforts by identifying policy mechanisms that serve as system ‘levers’ to effect change given the considerable uncertainty associated with both the socio-economic and ecological aspects of climate change. This study begins to provide a systematic analysis of the impact of climate change on agricultural production in Nigeria using a participatory research method. We convened a workshop of key stakeholders with diverse and in-depth knowledge of Nigerian agriculture in Ibadan, Nigeria, in June, 2016. Using a causal loop diagramming (CLD) technique, we grouped these stakeholders by region and led them through an exercise in which they drew diagrams depicting the barriers to, and opportunities for, Nigerian agricultural development. CLD is a method used in system dynamics modeling, and it is effective for identifying causal relationships between variables as well as feedback mechanisms.
Holozäne fluviale Geomorphodynamik und Besiedlungsgeschichte in einem kleinen Einzugsgebiet am nördlichen Harzrand
Creators: name: Bode, Ralf
name: Lehmkuhl, Frank
name: Reinecke, Volker
name: Hilgers, Alexandra
name: Dresely, Veit
name: Radtke, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2003

description: Am nördlichen Harzrand zwischen Benzingerode und Heimburg (Sachsen-Anhalt) konnten bei archäologischen Ausgrabungen mehrere bis zu 100 m lange Aufschlüsse in pleistozänen und holozänen Sedimenten des Hellbach-Schwemmfächers bearbeitet werden. Über pleistozänen Sedimenten eines ca. 2 km breiten Schwemmfächers mit Eiskeilpseudomorphosen, Kryoturbationserscheinungen sowie zentimetermächtigen Lösslagen, sind verschiedene holozäne Kolluvien, Auesedimente und Bodenbildungen auf einem kleineren, ca. 200 m breiten Schwemmfächer abgelagert worden bzw. entstanden. Stellenweise vorhandene Schwarzerdereste sowie mit schwarzem Bodenmaterial gefüllte Pfosten- und Vorratsgruben unterschiedlicher vorgeschichtlicher Epochen deuten auf eine relativ weite Verbreitung von spätpleistozänen und frühholozänen Schwarzerden in der Region hin. Im Auenbereich finden sich an der Basis der holozänen Kolluvien Reste von schwarzen, humosen, stark tonigen Horizonten mit einem lössähnlichen Sediment im Liegenden. Ob es sich hierbei um in situ gebildete Schwarzerden bzw. Schwarze Auenböden oder um anthropogene, durch Brandwirtschaftsweisen geschaffene, schwarze Horizonte handelt, ist noch unklar. Holzkohle aus dem schwarzen Horizont konnte auf rund 5.500 v. Chr. datiert werden. Das lössähnliche Sediment im Liegenden ergab OSL-Alter von ca. 5.910 v. Chr. (7,9 ± 0,5 ka). Nach Ende dieser Stabilitätsphase kam es zu einer oder mehreren größeren Überflutungen des damaligen Auenbereichs. In dieser Aktivitätsphase wurde der schwarze Horizont gekappt und zunächst mit Grobmaterial, später von einer meist 10-20 cm mächtigen feinmaterialreichen, dunkelbraunen Sedimentschicht überlagert. Diese Schicht bildete für längere Zeit die Oberfläche, enthält kaiserzeitliche Funde in situ und wird im Hangenden von gröberen Sedimenten und mächtigen, zweiphasigen mittelalterlichen Auelehmen abgedeckt. Rinnen im jüngsten Auelehm enthalten ziegel- und kalksteinreichen Schotter und repräsentieren vermutlich den letzten Lauf des Hellbachs vor seiner Begradigung in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Nach den vorliegenden Befunden ist ein Zusammenhang zwischen den einzelnen fluvialen Aktivitätsphasen und der Besiedlung und Wirtschaftsweise im Einzugsgebiet des Hellbaches sehr wahrscheinlich, kann jedoch nicht zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen werden.
description: research
Conductance switching at the nanoscale of diarylethene derivatives self-assembled monolayers on La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$
Creators: name: Thomas, L.
name: Guerin, D.
name: Quinard, B.
name: Jacquet, E.
name: Mattana, R.
name: Seneor, P.
name: Vuillaume, D.
name: Melin, T.
name: Lenfant, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the phosphonic acid route for the grafting of functional molecules, optical switch (dithienylethene diphosphonic acid, DDA), on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO). Compact self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of DDA are formed on LSMO as studied by topographic atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, water contact angle and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The conducting AFM measurements show that the electrical conductance of LSMO/DDA is about 3 decades below that of the bare LSMO substrate. Moreover, the presence of the DDA SAM suppresses the known conductance switching of the LSMO substrate that is induced by mechanical and/or bias constraints during C-AFM measurements. A partial light-induced conductance switching between the open and closed forms of the DDA is observed for the LSMO/DDA/C-AFM tip molecular junctions (closed/open conductance ratio of about 8). We show that, in the case of long-time exposition to UV light, this feature can be masked by a non-reversible decrease (a factor of about 15) of the conductance of the LSMO electrode.
description: Full paper with supporting information
What drives nutrition policy reform in Africa? Applying the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy Change
Creators: name: Hendriks, Sheryl L.
name: Babu, Suresh C.
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Hendriks, Sheryl L.
name: Babu, Suresh C.
name: Haggblade, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Africa
subject: Kaleidoscope model
subject: nutrition
subject: food security policy

description: Interest in nutrition policy has gained political momentum in recent years. Several key international events and commitments following the 2007–2008 food price crisis raised awareness of the need to improve nutrition to achieve international, regional, and national development and growth targets that support the realization of the right to food and various rights related to children. Signatories of the first Nutrition for Growth Summit, held in London in 2013, committed their political will and financial resources to work in partnership to accelerate progress toward achieving World Health Assembly targets by 2025. The Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement and the 2014 Rome Declaration on Nutrition from the Second International Conference on Nutrition reiterate this commitment. These efforts informed the drafting of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SGD2. Implementing these commitments at the national level requires appropriate interventions supported by enabling policies, sound institutions and good governance. Yet, such policy making processes are poorly understood.
Quantum Computing in Arrays Coupled by 'Always On' Interactions
Creators: name: Benjamin, S. C.
name: Bose, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been shown that one can perform quantum computation in a Heisenberg chain in which the interactions are 'always on', provided that one can abruptly tune the Zeeman energies of the individual (pseudo-)spins. Here we provide a more complete analysis of this scheme, including several generalizations. We generalize the interaction to an anisotropic form (incorporating the XY, or Forster, interaction as a limit), providing a proof that a chain coupled in this fashion tends to an effective Ising chain in the limit of far off-resonant spins. We derive the primitive two-qubit gate that results from exploiting abrupt Zeeman tuning with such an interaction. We also demonstrate, via numerical simulation, that the same basic scheme functions in the case of smoothly shifted Zeeman energies. We conclude with some remarks regarding generalisations to two- and three-dimensional arrays.
description: 16 pages (preprint format) inc. 3 figures
Tunneltäler in Dänemark
Creators: name: Sjörring, Steen
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1979

description: Der Begriff „Tunneltal" umfaßt mehrere verschiedene morphologische Elemente. Neue Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die klassische Tunneltalhypothese aufgegeben werden muß. Einige der Tunneltäler sind wahrscheinlich als präglaziale oder proglaziale Wasserläufe angelegt und sind später durch selektive Glazialerosion überprägt worden.
description: research
Stratigraphische und geomorphologische Auswertung von Schuttdecken vor Muschelkalkschichtkämmen und -schichtstufen im niedersächsischen Bergland
Creators: name: Bartels, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1967

description: Die Schuttdecken vor einigen Strukturformen des Muschelkalkes im niedersächsischen Bergland werden stratigraphisch gedeutet. Sie bestehen aus Muschelkalkwanderschutt und Rötfließerden und enthalten in ihrem unteren Teil lagenweise eine Lößbeimengung. Innerhalb dieser älteren Schichten lassen sich häufig Schwemmsedimente feststellen. Die Schuttdecken können aufgrund ihrer Beziehung zu den Talböden der letzten Kaltzeit und aufgrund anderer Kriterien in das Weichselglazial gestellt werden. Ihre Auswertung für die Geomorphologie ergibt, daß der Schwerpunkt der Abtragung während der letzten Kaltzeit in der Nähe der Röt-Muschelkalk-Grenze lag, so daß sich die Durchbiegung des Hanges vergrößerte. Das an Strukturformen des Muschelkalkes häufig auftretende konkave Vorderseitenprofil läßt sich also auf pleistozän-periglaziale Prozesse zurückführen.
description: research
Projective Dynamics in Realistic Models of Nanomagnets
Creators: name: Thompson, S. H.
name: Brown, G.
name: Rikvold, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The free-energy extrema governing the magnetization-reversal process for a model of an iron nanopillar are investigated using the projective dynamics method. Since the time evolution of the model is computationally intensive, one could question whether sufficient statistics can be generated, with current resources, to evaluate the position of the metastable configuration. Justification for the fine-grained discretization of the model that we use here is given, and it is shown that tractable results can be obtained for this system on realistic time scales.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
What Drives Policy Change? Evidence from Six Empirical Applications of the Kaleidoscope Model
Creators: name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Babu, Suresh
name: Hendriks, Sheryl
name: Mather, David
name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Babu, Suresh
name: Hendriks, Sheryl
name: Mather, David
name: Resnick, Danielle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: Kaleidoscope Model
subject: policy change

description: Interest in policy reform has grown recently in developing countries. Since policy environments shape the incentives, decisions and actions of key consumer and industry groups, policies become central determinants of economic performance as well as progress towards key agricultural, nutrition and food security goals. As a result, achievement of sustainable development goals will depend heavily on good understanding of developing country policy processes and outcomes. Yet, most past efforts to study policy processes have focused on developed country settings.
The Integrated Framework for Gender Analysis of Nutrition Policy
Creators: name: Mkandawire, Elizabeth
name: Hendriks, Sheryl
name: Mkandawire, Elizabeth
name: Hendriks, Sheryl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: nutrition
subject: gender analysis

description: Several tools exist for mainstreaming gender in policy. However, no tools exist for integrating gender in nutrition policy, with specific focus on policymaker biases and ideologies. An innovative analytical framework for gender analysis in nutrition policy was developed in order to fill this gap. Gender and nutrition are interlinked because gender inequalities have significant implications for nutrition and gender inequalities are exacerbated by malnutrition. While nutrition is a priority for many developing countries, progress toward reducing malnutrition could be accelerated if gender is adequately integrated in policy. For example, undernutrition in Malawi was reduced from 47% in 2010 (NSO and Macro, 2010) to 37% in 2015 (NSO and Macro, 2015). While this progress is significant, it is not sufficient to meet the Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Growth and Agriculture Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods target of reducing undernutrition to 10% by 2025 (AUC, 2014). Closer attention to the integration of gender in nutrition policy could not only result in meeting such targets, it could also accelerate progress toward meeting gender targets.
Taking Stock of Africa’s Second-Generation Agricultural Input Subsidy Programs, 2000-2015
Creators: name: Jayne, T.S.
name: Mason, N.M.
name: Burke, W.J.
name: Ariga, J.
name: Jayne, T.S.
name: Mason, N.M.
name: Burke, W.J.
name: Ariga, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: input subsidy programs
subject: Africa

description: Input subsidy programs (ISPs) remain one of the most contentiously debated development issues in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). These government programs, through which farmers receive fertilizer (and in some cases seed) at below-market prices, were largely phased out during the 1980s and 1990s as evidence accumulated that they did little to contribute to agricultural productivity growth, food security and poverty reduction goals, imposed major burdens on national treasuries, and hindered the development of commercial input distribution systems.
Nudaciraxine cabosanlucensis Payne 1990
Creators: name: Mendoza-Garfias, Berenit
name: García-Prieto, Luis
name: León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Monogenea
Mazocraeidea
Axinidae
Nudaciraxine
Nudaciraxine cabosanlucensis

description: Nudaciraxine cabosanlucensis Payne, 1990 §
 Nudaciraxine cabosanlucensis Payne, 1990: 93.
HOSTS. — Actinopterygii (gills).
 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. — Baja California Sur. Cabo San Lucas: Ablennes sp. (Payne 1990).
SPECIMENS IN COLLECTIONS. — USNM (080948-9) (H, P).
description: Published as part of Mendoza-Garfias, Berenit, García-Prieto, Luis & León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De, 2017, Checklist of the Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) parasitic in Mexican aquatic vertebrates, pp. 501-598 in Zoosystema 39 (4) on page 544, DOI: 10.5252/z2017n4a5, http://zenodo.org/record/4578694
On Superconformal Field Theories Associated to Very Attractive Quartics
Creators: name: Wendland, Katrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study N=(4,4) superconformal field theories with left and right central charge c=6 which allow geometric interpretations on specific quartic hypersurfaces in CP^3. Namely, we recall the proof that the Gepner model (2)^4 admits a geometric interpretation on the Fermat quartic and give an independent cross-check of this result, providing a link to the "mirror moonshine phenomenon" on K3. We clarify the role of Shioda-Inose structures in our proof and thereby generalize it: We introduce "very attractive quartics" and show how on each of them a superconformal field theory can be constructed explicitly.
description: 22 pages; Contribution to the proceedings of the Les Houches session "Frontiers in Number Theory, Physics and Geometry"; typos corrected
Übertiefte Rinnen im Hamburger Raum
Creators: name: Grube, Friedrich
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1979

description: Das Phänomen der übertieften Täler begleitet die Quartärforschung im Hamburger Raum seit dem Beginn der Untersuchungen eiszeitlicher Sedimente. Die Dichte der das Pleistozän durchteufenden Bohrungen ist in zahlreichen Bereichen so groß, daß Quartärbasiskarten im Maßstab 1 : 1000 bis 1 : 10 000 ein anschauliches Bild von den Auswirkungen der glazigenen Exaration und Erosion wiedergeben. Einzelne bis über —400 m NN reichende übertiefte Täler schneiden sich in drumlinsierte Jungtertiärflächen ein. In den tieferen Tälern dominieren glazifluviale und -limnische Sedimente, während in den bis —80 m NN tiefen Hohlformen Gletscherablagerungen überwiegen. Alle bekannten geomorphologischen und geologischen Fakten lassen sich zwanglos in das Modell kombinierter subglazialer Schmelzwasser-Erosion und Exaration des elsterzeitlichen Inlandeises einfügen. Aus der Saale- und Weichsel-Kaltzeit wurden im Hamburger Raum nur Tunneltäler mit Übertiefungen von 5—15 m bekannt, jedoch keine den Rinnen der Elster-Kaltzeit vergleichbaren Hohlformen, östlich von Oldesloe/Holstein wurden 2 subglaziale Tälchen entdeckt, in denen spätglaziale-holozäne Mudde unmittelbar auf weichselzeitlicher Moräne liegt. Diese Hohlformen zwischen Drumlin-Rücken entsprechen dem subglazialen Typ der Glazielle im Sinne von Gripp (1975). Nach der Intensität der Erosionsleistung kann folgende Entwicklungsreihe der subglazialen übertieften Täler aufgestellt werden: Tunneltal — Glazielle — Rinne — Fjord.
description: research
Additional file 1 of Associations between meeting sleep, physical activity or screen time behaviour guidelines and academic performance in Australian school children
Creators: name: Howie, Erin K.
name: Joosten, John
name: Harris, Courtenay J.
name: Straker, Leon M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table A: Activity behaviours reported by school children by school Grade. Supplemental Table B: Academic performance by school Grade, mean (SD).
Holozäne Einwanderungsgeschichte der Baumgattungen Picea und Quercus unter paläoökologischen Aspekten nach Europa
Creators: name: Gliemeroth, Anne Kathrin
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1997

description: Das Ziel der Arbeit war es, für die Baumgattungen Picea und Quercus deren Hinwanderungsgeschichte nach der Letzten Eiszeit aus ihren eiszeitlichen Refugien für Europa zu fassen. Um die Einwanderungsbewegungen besser darstellen zu können, wurden nicht Isopollenkarten verwendet, sondern eine Darstellung des Auftretens der 1. Spuren sowie der Massenausbreitung in Überlagerungskarten. Die Zeitangaben für die Wanderbewegungen wurden nicht in 14C-Altern angeben, sondern in calibrierten Werten mit Hilfe von Jahrringen von Bäumen und U/Th-Daten von Korallen. Die Einwanderungskarten überdecken einen Zeitraum von 14'000 cal. 14C yr. b. p. bis heute, wobei die einzelnen Baumgattungen verschiedene Zeitscheiben für ihre Wanderbewegungen, und zwar sowohl der 1. Spuren wie der Massenausbreitung, umfassen. Die hier gewählte Darstellungsform der Einwanderungsbewegung in Überlagerungskarten für die ersten Spuren und die Massenausbreitung der Baumgattungen ermöglicht es, zeitlich-räumliche Aussagen über die Hinwanderungsrichtung, die Einwanderungsbahnen, die maximal eingenommene Arealgrenze, die Einwanderungszeiten und die Einwanderungsgeschwindigkeit im Hinblick auf eine paläoökologische Interpretation dieser Prozesse zu machen.
description: research
Cavity-QED tests of representations of canonical commutation relations employed in field quantization
Creators: name: Czachor, Marek
name: Wilczewski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various aspects of dissipative and nondissipative decoherence of Rabi oscillations are discussed in the context of field quantization in alternative representations of CCR. Theory is confronted with experiment, and a possibility of more conclusive tests is analyzed.
description: Discussion of dissipative and nondissipative decoherence is included. Theory is now consistent with the existing data and predictions for new experiments are more reliable
Consistency of lattice definitions of U(1) flux in Abelian projected SU(2) gauge theory
Creators: name: Matsuki, Takayuki
name: Haymaker, Richard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine the dual Abrikosov vortex under the requirement that the lattice averages of the fields satisfy exact Maxwell equations [ME]. The electric ME accounts for the total flux and the magnetic ME determines the shape of the confining string. This leads to unique and consistent definitions of flux and electric and magnetic currents at finite lattice spacing. The resulting modification of the standard DeGrand-Toussaint construction gives a magnetic current comprised of smeared monopoles.
description: 2 pages, 2 eps figures, Lattice 2003 contributed talk
Additional file 1 of A comparison of stage-specific all-cause mortality between testicular sex cord stromal tumors and germ cell tumors: results from the National Cancer Database
Creators: name: Zuniga, Kyle B.
name: Washington, Samuel L.
name: Porten, Sima P.
name: Meng, Maxwell V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of therapy received in addition to orchiectomy among patients with SCSTs versus GCTs.
Additional file 1 of Physical activity reduces anxiety and regulates brain fatty acid synthesis
Creators: name: Liśkiewicz, Arkadiusz
name: Przybyła, Marta
name: Wojakowska, Anna
name: Łukasz Marczak
name: Bogus, Katarzyna
name: Nowacka-Chmielewska, Marta
name: Liśkiewicz, Daniela
name: Małecki, Andrzej
name: Jarosław Barski
name: Lewin-Kowalik, Joanna
name: Toborek, Michal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 : Figure 1. Representative actinogram of a wheel running mouse. Active episodes are depicted as black dots during a 43 day running period (y axis). X axis presents the time of day/night cycle (12:12), with light phase lasting from 7 to 19, when dark phase began. Mice were active predominantly during dark phase of the cycle. Table S1. Metabolome profile of the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the running and inactive mice (n = 6–7). Data are presented as mean +/− S.D. (student T-test) or median with min. To max. (U Mann-Whitney test; marked by italics).
Zum Verlauf der äußeren Grenze der Weichselvereisung zwischen Owschlag und Nortorf (Schleswig-Holstein)
Creators: name: Strehl, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1986

description: Der Verlauf der äußeren Grenze der Weichselvereisung zwischen Owschlag und Nortorf im mittleren Schleswig-Holstein wurde anläßlich der Neukartierung des Rendsburger Raumes mit modernen Methoden untersucht. Danach läßt sich in Relikten eine äußere weichselkaltzeitliche Gletscherrandlage erkennen, die durchschnittlich 7—8 km vor der bisher angenommenen weichselzeitlichen Hauptmoräne im Bereich des Weichselsanders liegt.
description: research
A Kurosh type theorem for type II_1 factors
Creators: name: Ozawa, Narutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L10; 46L09, 37A20, 20F32

description: We prove a Kurosh type theorem for free-product type II_1 factors. In particular, if M = LF_2 \otimes R, then the free-product type II_1 factors M*...*M are all prime and pairwise non-isomorphic. This paper is a continuation of [N. Ozawa, Solid von Neumann algebras] and [N. Ozawa and S. Popa, Some prime factorization results for type II_1 factors].
description: 18 pages. Final version
Salinacotyle mexicana
Creators: name: Mendoza-Garfias, Berenit
name: García-Prieto, Luis
name: León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Monogenea
Mazocraeidea
Allodiscocotylidae
Salinacotyle
Salinacotyle mexicana

description: Salinacotyle mexicana (Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1963)
 Allodiscocotyla mexicana Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1963: 168.
 Salinacotyle mexicana – Lebedev 1984: 23.
HOSTS. — Actinopterygii (gills).
 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. — Oaxaca. Salina Cruz: Caranx hippos (Caballero & Bravo-Hollis 1963).
 Sinaloa. Mazatlán: Hemicaranx leucurus (Lamothe-Argumedo et al. 1997b).
SPECIMENS IN COLLECTIONS. — CNHE (284, 286, 373) (H, P); MNHN-HEL690, MNHN-HEL691.
REMARK
 Lebedev (1984) included the genus Salinacotyle Lebedev, 1984, in Chauhaneidae.
NOTE
 Kohn et al. (2006) included this species in Allodiscocotylidae.
description: Published as part of Mendoza-Garfias, Berenit, García-Prieto, Luis & León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De, 2017, Checklist of the Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) parasitic in Mexican aquatic vertebrates, pp. 501-598 in Zoosystema 39 (4) on page 545, DOI: 10.5252/z2017n4a5, http://zenodo.org/record/4578694
Additional file 1 of An exploratory study of different definitions and thresholds for lumbar disc degeneration assessed by MRI and their associations with low back pain using data from a cohort study of a general population
Creators: name: Dragsbæk, Line
name: Kjaer, Per
name: Hancock, Mark
name: Jensen, Tue Secher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Review details. Search matrix, search string, inclusion criteria.
Fast and Accurate Homomorphic Softmax Evaluation
Creators: name: Cho, Wonhee
name: Hanrot, Guillaume
name: Kim, Taeseong
name: Park, Minje
name: Stehlé, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Homomorphic encryption is one of the main solutions for building secure and privacy-preserving solutions for Machine Learning as a Service. This motivates the development of homomorphic algorithms for the main building blocks of AI, typically for the components of the various types of neural networks architectures. Among those components, we focus on the Softmax function, defined by $\mathrm{SM}(\mathbf{x}) = \left(\exp(x_i) / \sum_{j=1}^n \exp(x_j) \right)_{1\le i\le n}$. This function is deemed to be one of the most difficult to evaluate homomorphically, because of its multivariate nature and of the very large range of values for $\exp(x_i)$. The available homomorphic algorithms remain restricted, especially in large dimensions, while important applications such as Large Language Models (LLM) require computing Softmax over large dimensional vectors. In terms of multiplicative depth of the computation (a suitable measure of cost for homomorphic algorithms), our algorithm achieves $O(\log n)$ complexity for a fixed range of inputs, where $n$ is the Softmax dimension. Our algorithm is especially adapted to the situation where we must compute many Softmax at the same time, for instance, in the LLM situation. In that case, assuming that all Softmax calls are packed into $m$ ciphtertexts, the asymptotic amortized multiplicative depth cost per ciphertext is, again over a fixed range, $O(1 + m/N)$ for $N$ the homomorphic ring degree. The main ingredient of our algorithms is a normalize-and-square strategy, which interlaces the exponential computation over a large range and normalization, decomposing both in stabler and cheaper smaller steps. Comparing ourselves to the state of the art, our experiments show, in practice, a good accuracy and a gain of a factor 2.5 to 8 compared to state of the art solutions.
description: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) 2024
Zur Flora und Fauna der Villafranca-Schichten von Villarroya, Prov. Logrofno/Spanien
Creators: name: Remy, Horst
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1958

description: Ausgehend von den Untersuchungen von J. F. de Villalta Comella (1952) und R. Brinkmann (1956) im Gebiet von Villarroya (Prov. Logrono) werden Schichten des frühen Villafrancas besonders pollenanalytisch untersucht. Das Pollenprofil läßt einen deutlichen Wandel im Pflanzenkleid erkennen, der auf die Auswirkungen einer positiven Klimaschwankung zurückgeführt werden kann. In der Aufeinanderfolge vom Liegenden zum Hangenden lassen sich 6 Abschnitte ausscheiden: Piceetum, Pinetum I, Quercetum mixtum I, Pinetum II, Quercetum mixtum I, Pinetum II, Quercetum mixtum II und Pinetum III. Zu Beginn herrscht ein humid-gemäßigtes Klima; im höheren Teil wird es trocken und warm. Gewisse Formen erinnern noch an pliozäne Verhältnisse wie auch die Säugerfauna. Der Gesamtcharakter der Flora zeigt jedoch große Ähnlichkeit mit den Floren des sog. „Tegelen-Interglazials".
description: research
Improved Subsampled Randomized Hadamard Transform for Linear SVM
Creators: name: Lei, Zijian
name: Lan, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Subsampled Randomized Hadamard Transform (SRHT), a popular random projection method that can efficiently project a $d$-dimensional data into $r$-dimensional space ($r \ll d$) in $O(dlog(d))$ time, has been widely used to address the challenge of high-dimensionality in machine learning. SRHT works by rotating the input data matrix $\mathbf{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times d}$ by Randomized Walsh-Hadamard Transform followed with a subsequent uniform column sampling on the rotated matrix. Despite the advantages of SRHT, one limitation of SRHT is that it generates the new low-dimensional embedding without considering any specific properties of a given dataset. Therefore, this data-independent random projection method may result in inferior and unstable performance when used for a particular machine learning task, e.g., classification. To overcome this limitation, we analyze the effect of using SRHT for random projection in the context of linear SVM classification. Based on our analysis, we propose importance sampling and deterministic top-$r$ sampling to produce effective low-dimensional embedding instead of uniform sampling SRHT. In addition, we also proposed a new supervised non-uniform sampling method. Our experimental results have demonstrated that our proposed methods can achieve higher classification accuracies than SRHT and other random projection methods on six real-life datasets.
description: AAAI-20