cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Reduction-Preserving Completion for Proving Confluence of Non-Terminating Term Rewriting Systems
Creators: name: Aoto, Takahito
name: Toyama, Yoshihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.1, F.3.1, F.4.2, I.2.2

description: We give a method to prove confluence of term rewriting systems that contain non-terminating rewrite rules such as commutativity and associativity. Usually, confluence of term rewriting systems containing such rules is proved by treating them as equational term rewriting systems and considering E-critical pairs and/or termination modulo E. In contrast, our method is based solely on usual critical pairs and it also (partially) works even if the system is not terminating modulo E. We first present confluence criteria for term rewriting systems whose rewrite rules can be partitioned into a terminating part and a possibly non-terminating part. We then give a reduction-preserving completion procedure so that the applicability of the criteria is enhanced. In contrast to the well-known Knuth-Bendix completion procedure which preserves the equivalence relation of the system, our completion procedure preserves the reduction relation of the system, by which confluence of the original system is inferred from that of the completed system.
Why are there so many retail stores in Japan?
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: That Japan's distribution system is inefficient for having so many stores has become a cliché that appears in academic and journalistic writing on Japan as well as in U.S. government position papers. There are two economic arguments on which the inefficiency claim has been based. One is the argument that Japan has a dualistic economy in which the distribution sector, unlike some other sectors, is economically backwards and riddled with anachronistic customs that have a cultural basis rather than an economic basis. The other inefficiency argument has to do with regulation. A succession of Japanese laws over the last half century have imposed bureaucratic obstacles to the establishment of large stores. The abundance of small stores in Japan, broadly speaking, represents an efficient adaptation to the conditions of the country. The remainder of this paper is devoted to constructing an analytic model for explaining the geographic density of retail outlets in an economy and applying the model to the query in the title. In a statistical model, variation across Japan's 47 prefectures in numbers of stores per household is explained both by proxies for household storage and reorder costs and by the severity of regulations impeding large stores.
Japanese multinationals: An evolutionary theory and some global political implications for the 1990's
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Large Japanese multinationals producing manufactured goods are the source of much of the political friction Japan has with other countries. It is thus useful to understand these firms' strategic behavior and to predict some of the logical competitive and political economic consequences of the likely continuation, further implementation, and potential success of their strategies. Context is important, so I first examine the possible application of several theories of competitive behavior to the case of large Japanese multinational manufacturing firms. Further, this paper is part of a larger research effort, just beginning, that will examine the competitive dynamics and strategic evolution of these firms.
Explaining the Japanese financial system: A review of the Bank of Japan's recent volume
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Economics
Finance

description: Review of The Japanese Financial System, ed. Yoshio Suzuki. This book is the definitive description of the Japanese banking system and more generally the Japanese financial system, prepared by the Director and staff of the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies of the Bank of Japan, the central bank. It is essential both as an introduction and reference work to understand Japan's complex range of financial institutions, and now burgeoning variety of financial instruments and financial markets.
The Bestseller List and its (Dis)contents
Creators: name: Grøn, Rasmus
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: ‘Bestseller’ is a pivotal and highly influential concept in the current literary market, where a title’s presence on a bestseller list also serves to reinforce the title’s bestseller status. In spite hereof, there is a lack of exact knowledge of bestselling patterns on the Danish book market, as well as a conceptual vagueness regarding the distinction between ‘the best and the rest’: how to define a bestseller and differentiate it from the remaining titles on the market? These two issues are addressed in the following article. Firstly, a Top 40 list of the bestselling fiction books from Danish book stores in the period of 2008-11 is presented, and its contents are analysed in terms of genre, nationality, and thematic qualities. Hereafter, the bestselling list serves as a point of departure for a discussion of the divergent and contingent criteria underlying possible definitions of bestsellers and their inclusion on bestseller lists, thereby developing a more facetted picture of the bestseller concept. Lastly, Robert Escarpit’s temporal distinction between fastsellers, steadysellers and bestsellers is related to the article’s empirical data in order to discuss a widespread assumption of the volatility of the bestseller.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Minimal Inclusive Sets in Special Classes of Games
Creators: name: Sanchirico, Chris William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: A companion paper, Sanchirico (1996), provides a probabilistic theory of learning in games with the convergence property that, almost surely, play will remain almost always (i.e., forever after some point) within one of the stage game's "minimal inclusive sets." This paper investigates the size of minimal inclusive sets in several classes of games, notably, those for which other learning processes have been shown to converge (in various manners weaker than convergence of actual play). These include certain supermodular games, congestion games, potential games, games with identical interests, and games with bandwagon effects. It is shown that in all these classes, if all of a game's pure equilibria are strict (a fortiori, if its payoffs are generic), then all of its minimal inclusive sets will be singletons consisting of Nash equilibria.
Monodromy transform and the integral equation method for solving the string gravity and supergravity equations in four and higher dimensions
Creators: name: Alekseev, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The monodromy transform and corresponding integral equation method described here give rise to a general systematic approach for solving integrable reductions of field equations for gravity coupled bosonic dynamics in string gravity and supergravity in four and higher dimensions. For different types of fields in space-times of $D\ge 4$ dimensions with $d=D-2$ commuting isometries -- stationary fields with spatial symmetries, interacting waves or partially inhomogeneous cosmological models, the string gravity equations govern the dynamics of interacting gravitational, dilaton, antisymmetric tensor and any number $n\ge 0$ of Abelian vector gauge fields (all depending only on two coordinates). The equivalent spectral problem constructed earlier allows to parameterize the infinite-dimensional space of local solutions of these equations by two pairs of \cal{arbitrary} coordinate-independent holomorphic $d\times d$- and $d\times n$- matrix functions ${\mathbf{u}_\pm(w), \mathbf{v}_\pm(w)}$ of a spectral parameter $w$ which constitute a complete set of monodromy data for normalized fundamental solution of this spectral problem. The "direct" and "inverse" problems of such monodromy transform --- calculating the monodromy data for any local solution and constructing the field configurations for any chosen monodromy data always admit unique solutions. We construct the linear singular integral equations which solve the inverse problem. For any \emph{rational} and \emph{analytically matched} (i.e. $\mathbf{u}_+(w)\equiv\mathbf{u}_-(w)$ and $\mathbf{v}_+(w)\equiv\mathbf{v}_-(w)$) monodromy data the solution for string gravity equations can be found explicitly. Simple reductions of the space of monodromy data leads to the similar constructions for solving of other integrable symmetry reduced gravity models, e.g. 5D minimal supergravity or vacuum gravity in $D\ge 4$ dimensions.
description: RevTex 7 pages, 1 figure
How CACs Became Boilerplate, or, The Politics of Contract Change
Creators: name: Gelpern, Anna
name: Gulati, Mitu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: In 1997, a developing country defied convention. It issued New York law bonds that let 75% of the bondholders change key financial terms. Until then, standard form New York law contracts required unanimous consent. But no one seemed to notice the innovation, and just about no one followed suit. In 2003, another developing country issued New York law bonds with a 75% amendment threshold. The world of international finance erupted in applause and criticism. Major press outlets, finance ministers and senior executives publicly pondered the shift. Other countries adopted similar provisions under the rubric of "collective action clauses" or "CACs". Academic study of sovereign debt contracts took on new importance. This chapter reports on an effort to understand what happened and what it means.
Blockbusters as Vehicles for Cultural Debate in Cultural Journalism
Creators: name: Kristensen, Nete Nørgaard
name: From, Unni
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: Taking our point of departure in ‘the cultural intermediary’ as theoretical concept (Bourdieu, 1984; Maguire and Matthews, 2012) and in the coverage of blockbuster movies on Danish cultural pages from 1960 to 2012, this article analyses the changing role of the cultural journalist and the changing cultural approach in cultural journalism since the mid-20th century. The analysis shows that the negotiation and definition of the blockbuster as cultural phenomenon has changed; whereas it was originally, critically, interpreted as a sign of cultural imperialism, Americanisation, or artistic decline, it is increasingly viewed as a global, omnipresent cultural and industrial phenomenon with its own aesthetic, narrative, and cultural logic. In this manner, the coverage exemplifies that the blockbuster has been and continues to be negotiated as a (relevant) object of cultural journalism; that cultural journalism at different times provides different reflective spaces for popular culture; and that contemporary cultural journalism continues to be critical and contemplative at the same time as it provides cultural service and infotainment. Consequently, the analysis also illustrates how the role of journalists as cultural intermediaries has changed historically.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Bestseller and Blockbuster Culture, Vol. 7
Determining weak phases from B->J/Psi P decays
Creators: name: Jung, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decay B -> J/Psi K_S remains the most important source of information for the B_d mixing phase, determined by the CKM angle beta in the standard model. When aiming at a precision appropriate for present and coming high luminosity colliders, the corresponding hadronic matrix elements are a major obstacle, as their precise calculation is still not feasible with existing methods. Flavour symmetries offer a possibility to extract them from data, however again with limited precision. In this article, we propose a framework to take subleading contributions in B_{u,d,s} -> J/Psi P decays into account, P=(pi,K,(eta_8)), using an SU(3) analysis, together with the leading corrections to the symmetry limit. This allows for a model-independent extraction of the B_d mixing phase adequate for coming high precision data, and additionally yields information on possible New Physics contributions in these modes. We find the penguin-induced correction to be small, |Delta S|
description: 15+6 pages, 6 figures. Minor changes to v1, conclusions unchanged. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Mechanisms of selective immunosuppressive effects of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and borrelidin
Creators: name: Habibi, Darya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan degrading enzyme, is a potent immunomodulatory factor that has been considered as a promising candidate in down-regulating alloimmune responses. IDO expression generates a tryptophan-deficient environment that selectively induces apoptosis in immune cells but not in primary skin cells. However, the mechanism(s) underlying these selective effects of IDO is not elucidated. In this doctoral research project, we hypothesize that different sensitivity of immune cells versus skin cells to IDO-induced tryptophan-deficient environment is due to the differential activity of general control non-derepressible-2 (GCN2) kinase stress-responsive pathway and its inhibitor, protein IMPACT homolog, in these cells. Considering the selective effect of tryptophan-deficiency on immune cells, we also proposed that borrelidin, a small molecule agent that mimics the effects of amino acid deprivation, may provide potential therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) via its selective apoptotic effects. To this end, we investigated whether borrelidin selectively inhibits the proliferation of malignant ALL cell lines and studied the mechanism by which this drug acts. Three specific objectives were accomplished in this study. We first showed that in the presence of IDO, higher activation of GCN2 in immune cells leads to apoptosis and is due to the very low or undetectable expression of IMPACT in these cells. Our gain- and loss-of-function findings suggest that high expression of IMPACT in non-immune cells acts as a protective mechanism against IDO-induced apoptosis. In the next phase, in order to stably express IDO in grafts to prolong their survival, a pure population of IDO-expressing bystander fibroblasts was generated using two simple yet effective lentiviral-based approaches. Finally, borrelidin was used as a novel strategy in treating ALL. We showed that borrelidin treatment potently and selectively inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and mediates G₁ arrest in ALL cell lines and that borrelidin treatment in these cells is correlated with activation of the GCN2 pathway. The findings presented in this thesis collectively demonstrate the mechanism of IDO action and pave the way towards application of IDO as an immunosuppressive factor in development of long-lasting non-rejectable allografts. Our findings also reveal the potential application of borrelidin in treating ALL.
Introducción a la Universidad Abierta
Creators: name: McKiernan, Erin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: open university
Latin America

description: Presentación realizada por Erin McKiernan como introducción al panel "Hacia la Universidad Abierta en América Latina" de la edición 2018 de OpenCon LatAm. Las notas de la sesión en español pueden encontrarse en el siguiente link https://goo.gl/rH4Tso

This presentation was given by Erin McKiernan as an introduction to the panel discussion "Towards an Open University in Latin America" at the 2018 edition of OpenCon LatAm. Spanish notes of the session can be found in the following link https://goo.gl/rH4Tso
Environmental Policy Instruments in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Somanathan, J. E.
name: Stemer, T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Developing countries face a wide range of environmental and resource problems including many already solved in industrialised countries. Since agriculture, forestry, and fisheries constitute a much larger part of the economy in these countries and the poor are disproportionately concentrated in these sectors, problems of resource depletion such as inappropriate allocation of surface water, soil erosion and deforestation are all very important. Indoor air pollution related to heating and cooking as well as waterborne diseases associated with unsafe water and sanitation are leading causes of death. The persistence of these problems in developing countries is related to a number of key factors discussed in this paper and generally related, in some way, to the failure of public good provision. Direct examples include the failure to provide public services such as clean water. The provision of adequate information, for instance concerning the health effects of unsafe water or indoor air pollution, is also a significant public good. Indirect examples include the failure to provide adequate information and institutions such as good access to courts, or incomplete property rights. The lack of secure rights inhibits necessary investments in maintaining or developing sensitive resources such as irrigation systems or common pool resources, grazing lands, forests or coastal wetlands. We also discuss the importance of decentralisation and transparency in decision making and of due process and stakeholder participation in reform. Other factors we discuss concern risk and its relation to income distribution and heterogeneity among polluters and victims of pollution. These factors are crucial for policy instrument design. Because of poverty, efficiency is crucial in order to minimize overall costs. This speaks in favour of the use of flexibility mechanisms such as market based mechanisms. At the same time however, risk aversion, poverty and unequal distribution imply that considerable attention must be paid to the distribution of costs and to a participatory approach in policy design.
The spectral problem for strings on twisted AdS_5 x S^5
Creators: name: de Leeuw, Marius
name: van Tongeren, Stijn J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the spectral problem for integrable superstrings on generically twisted AdS_5 x S^5, meaning all its orbifolds and TsT transformed versions. We explicitly give the asymptotic description of these theories through a twisted transfer matrix, and carefully match the geometric deformations with twists allowed by integrability. We then discuss the mirror TBA equations that describe these theories at finite size. This unifies the treatment of various specific deformations previously considered in this setting, and extends it to completely general twists.
description: 42 pages, 1 figure, v3; as published in NPB
Mouth-to-Ear Latency in Popular VoIP Clients
Creators: name: Agastya, Chitra
name: Mechanic, Daniel
name: Kothari, Neha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Most popular instant messaging clients are now offering Voiceover IP (VoIP) technology. The many options running on similar platforms, implementing common audio codecs and encryption algorithms offers the opportunity to identify what factors affect call quality. We measure call quality objectively based on mouthto- ear latency. Based on our analysis we determine that the mouth-to-ear latency can be influenced by operating system (process priority and interrupt handling), the VoIP client implementation and network quality.
Do Vehicle Emissions Testing Program Improve Air Quality?
Creators: name: Kahn, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper estimates the impact of the Illinois vehicle emissions testing program on ambient air quality. I find that this program has reduced ozone but has had a smaller than expected impact on carbon monoxide levels. Unlike previous environmental regulation evaluation studies, I control for the fact that regulation is not randomly assigned across geographical areas.
EVA Park Therapy Manual 4: Scripts therapy
Creators: name: Devane, Niamh
name: Talbot, Richard
name: Marshall, Jane
name: Wilson, Stephanie
name: Woolf, Celia
Publisher: name: City, University of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420110
subject: Speech pathology

description: Therapy manual for delivering script therapy in the virtual world, EVA Park. The manual was developed in 2016 for use in a research project funded by the Tavistock Trust for Aphasia. With thanks to Gina Youmans and Katerina Haley for permission to adapt the original therapy approach.
Influence of phonons on exciton-photon interaction and photon statistics of a quantum dot
Creators: name: Harouni, M. Bagheri
name: Roknizadeh, R.
name: Naderi, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate, phonon effects on the optical properties of a spherical quantum dot. For this purpose, we consider the interaction of a spherical quantum dot with classical and quantum fields while the exciton of quantum dot interacts with a solid state reservoir. We show that phonons strongly affect the Rabi oscillations and optical coherence on first picoseconds of dynamics. We consider the quantum statistics of emitted photons by quantum dot and we show that these photons are anti-bunched and obey the sub-Poissonian statistics. In addition, we examine the effects of detuning and interaction of quantum dot with the cavity mode on optical coherence of energy levels. The effects of detuning and interaction of quantum dot with cavity mode on optical coherence of energy levels are compared to the effects of its interaction with classical pulse.
Galaxy-Scale Outflows Driven by Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: DeBuhr, Jackson
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present hydrodynamical simulations of major mergers of galaxies and study the effects of winds produced by active galactic nuclei (AGN) on interstellar gas in the AGN's host galaxy. We consider winds with initial velocities ~ 10,000 km/s and an initial momentum (energy) flux of ~ tau_w L/c (~ 0.01 tau_w L), with tau_w ~ 1-10. The AGN wind sweeps up and shock heats the surrounding interstellar gas, leading to a galaxy-scale outflow with velocities ~ 1000 km/s, peak mass outflow rates comparable to the star formation rate, and a total ejected gas mass ~ 3 x 10^9 M_sun. Large momentum fluxes, tau_w > 3, are required for the AGN-driven galactic outflow to suppress star formation and accretion in the black hole's host galaxy. Less powerful AGN winds (tau_w < 3) still produce a modest galaxy-scale outflow, but the outflow has little global effect on the ambient interstellar gas. We argue that this mechanism of AGN feedback can plausibly produce the high velocity outflows observed in post-starburst galaxies and the massive molecular and atomic outflows observed in local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. Moreover, the outflows from local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies are inferred to have tau_w ~ 10, comparable to what we find is required for AGN winds to regulate the growth of black holes and set the M_BH-sigma relation. We conclude by discussing theoretical mechanisms that can lead to AGN wind mass-loading and momentum/energy fluxes large enough to have a significant impact on galaxy formation.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; final version accepted by MNRAS; references and minor clarifications added, conclusions unchanged
Supplementary document for High efficiency broadband polarizationindependent binary fused silica gratings for large astronomical telescopes - 5372203.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Yanan
name: Chen, Zhiwen
name: Cai, Maoqi
name: Qiu, Keqiang
name: Liu, Zhengkun
name: Zhu, Qingfeng
name: Hong, Yilin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Simplified model method and exposure
Are SMBHs shrouded by "super-Oort" clouds of comets and asteroids?
Creators: name: Nayakshin, Sergei
name: Sazonov, Sergey
name: Sunyaev, Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The last decade has seen a dramatic confirmation that an in situ star formation is possible inside the inner parsec of the Milky Way. Here we suggest that giant planets, solid terrestrial-like planets, comets and asteroids may also form in these environments, and that this may have observational implications for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Like in debris discs around main sequence stars, collisions of large solid objects should initiate strong fragmentation cascades. The smallest particles in such a cascade - the microscopic dust - may provide a significant opacity. We put a number of observational and physical constraints on AGN obscuring torii resulting from such fragmentation cascades. We find that torii fed by fragmenting asteroids disappear at both low and high AGN luminosities. At high luminosities, $L \sim L_{\rm Edd}$, where $L_{\rm Edd}$ is the Eddington limit, the AGN radiation pressure blows out the microscopic dust too rapidly. At low luminosities, on the other hand, the AGN discs may avoid gravitational fragmentation into stars and solids. We also note that these fragmentation cascades may be responsible for astrophysically "large" dust particles of approximately micrometer sizes that were postulated by some authors to explain unusual absorption properties of the AGN torii.
description: a typo in the title corrected
La experiencia de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo: hacia un modelo de Gobierno Abierto en la Gestión Universitaria
Creators: name: Calabria, Juan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: open university
Latin America

description: Presentación realizada por Juan Calabria en el marco del panel "Hacia la Universidad Abierta en América Latina" de la edición 2018 de OpenCon LatAm. Las notas de la sesión en español pueden encontrarse en el siguiente link https://goo.gl/rH4Tso

This presentation was given by Juan Calabria in the panel discussion "Towards an Open University in Latin America" at the 2018 edition of OpenCon LatAm. Spanish notes of the session can be found in the following link https://goo.gl/rH4Tso
Shock Therapy and After: Prospects for Russian Reform
Creators: name: Desai, Padma B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: "In the third year of its transition to a functioning market economy free from high inflation, Russia began its toughest phase in 1994 under the Chernomyrdin government. The approval by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in March of the second tranche of $1.5 billion signaled support for the economic program of the new government. The subsequent adoption by the Duma (lower house of the parliament) of the government's budget and the signing of the civil accord by several parliamentary factions and industry groups marked a step, albeit fragile, in the direction of national consensus."
On Generalized I-Algebras and 4-valued Modal Algebras
Creators: name: Figallo, Aldo V.
name: Landini, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we establish a new characterization of 4-valued modal algebras considered by A. Monteiro. In order to obtain this characterization we introduce a new class of algebras named generalized I-algebras. This class contains strictly the class of C-algebras defined by Y. Komori as an algebraic counterpart of the infinite-valued implicative Lukasiewicz propositional calculus. On the other hand, the relationship between I-algebras and conmutative BCK-algebras, defined by S. Tanaka in 1975, allows us to say that in a certain sense G-algebras are also a generalization of these latter algebras
Laser Control of Dissipative Two-Exciton Dynamics in Molecular Aggregates
Creators: name: Yan, Yun-an
name: Kühn, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two types of two-photon transitions in molecular aggregates, that is, non-local excitations of two monomers and local double excitations to some higher excited intra-monomer electronic state. As a consequence of the inter-monomer Coulomb interaction these different excitation states are coupled to each other. Higher excited intra-monomer states are rather short-lived due to efficient internal conversion of electronic into vibrational energy. Combining both processes leads to the annihilation of an electronic excitation state, which is a major loss channel for establishing high excitation densities in molecular aggregates. Applying theoretical pulse optimization techniques to a Frenkel exciton model it is shown that the dynamics of two-exciton states in linear aggregates (dimer to tetramer) can be influenced by ultrafast shaped laser pulses. In particular, it is studied to what extent the decay of the two-exciton population by inter-band transitions can be transiently suppressed. Intra-band dynamics is described by a dissipative hierarchy equation approach, which takes into account strong exciton-vibrational coupling in the non-Markovian regime.
description: revised version, fig. 8 new
Profits, prophets, and profiteers: local and global economies of wildlife in the northern Yukon 1860-1910
Creators: name: Iceton, Glenn
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 139-149
description: From the 1860s into the early twentieth century the Athapaskans of the northern Yukon experienced great changes in the demography and economy of their traditional territory and consequently also saw changes in their uses of wildlife and their material culture, which heretofore had been largely based on the products of their local environment. This thesis addresses the impact of the fur trade and other modes of exchange on the harvesting practices and uses of wildlife by the Han and Gwich'in First Nations of the northern Yukon between 1860 and 1910. Analyzed here are the tensions that occurred between subsistence and commodified uses of wildlife by the First Nations. This includes the efforts on the part of fur traders to commodify the region's wildlife, the related changes to indigenous material culture, and conflicts of authorities over the harvesting and management of wildlife.
Much ado about nothing? Capital market reaction to changes in antitrust precedent concerning exclusive territories
Creators: name: Glied, Sherry A. M.
name: Kroszner, Randall S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Finance
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This paper uses evidence from the capital markets to examine changes in the legal rules governing a form of non-price vertical restraint, namely, exclusive territories (ET). During the past three decades the U.S. Supreme Court has reinterpreted section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust act concerning the treatment of ET three times, oscillating between a "rule of reason" standard and a "per se" illegality standard. To investigate the effects of these changes, we identify a sample of publicly trades firms that are involved in ET related antitrust Litigation. When these firms win (lose) their own ET case, they experience a statistical significant stock price gain (loss). When the Supreme Court switches between standards, however, there's firms' stock prices do not respond. We also identify a sample of publicly trades franchise firms, since franchise firms do not respond. We also identify a sample of publicly traded franchise firms, since franchisors often employ vertical restrictions such as ET. Again, the stock prices of franchise firms do not appear to react when the Supreme Court announces changes in ET precedent. Our evidence indicates that as far as the capital markets are concerned, per se versus rule of reason treatment of ET is a distinction without a difference.
Anomalous coarsening in disordered exclusion processes
Creators: name: Juhász, R.
name: Ódor, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study coarsening phenomena in three different simple exclusion processes with quenched disordered jump rates. In the case of the totally asymmetric process, an earlier phenomenological description is improved, yielding for the time dependence of the length scale $ξ(t)\sim t/(\ln t)^2$, which is found to be in agreement with results of Monte Carlo simulations. For the partially asymmetric process, the logarithmically slow coarsening predicted by a phenomenological theory is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations and numerical mean-field calculations. Finally, coarsening in a bidirectional, two-lane model with random lane-change rates is studied. Here, Monte Carlo simulations indicate an unusual dependence of the dynamical exponent on the density of particles.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Enforcement by Hearing: How the Civil Law Sets Incentives
Creators: name: Sanchirico, Chris William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This paper investigates the manner in which the civil law sets incentives, given that courts do not directly observe the activities that the law would hope to control. What distinguishes the civil law problem from other hidden action problems is that the principle (the court) conditions its rewards and punishments on signals (evidence presented) of the agents' choosing. Thus unlike the output signal used by the employer in the classic moral hazard problem, the signal here is itself strategic. The paper proposes a model that casts the civil law's problem as a combination of moral hazard in the underlying activity and adverse selection in a second-stage signaling game (the "hearing"), where "types" in the latter are determined by actions in the former. Types correspond to the difficulty or costs of presenting various pieces of evidence. By carefully setting its liability per evidence schedule, the court may separate types in the second stage hearing by hearing payoffs they receive. Since the type is contingent on initial action, an appropriate separation at the hearing will create the desired incentives in the underlying activity. After analyzing the basic single agent model with mandatory post-action hearings, the paper considers multiple parties and voluntary filing of suits.
A Real World Identity Management System with Master Secret Revocation
Creators: name: Androulaki, Elli
name: Vo, Binh D.
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Cybersecurity mechanisms have become increasingly important as online and offline worlds converge. Strong authentication and accountability are key tools for dealing with online attacks, and we would like to realize them through a token-based, centralized identity management system. In this report, we present a privacy-preserving group of protocols comprising a unique per user digital identity card, with which its owner is able to authenticate himself, prove possession of attributes, register himself to multiple online organizations (anonymously or not) and provide proof of membership. Unlike existing credential-based identity management systems, this card is revocable, i.e., its legal owner may invalidate it if physically lost, and still recover its content and registrations into a new credential. This card will protect an honest individual's anonymity when applicable as well as ensure his activity is known only to appropriate users.
The Microscopic Twisted Mass Dirac Spectrum
Creators: name: Splittorff, K.
name: Verbaarschot, J. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microscopic spectral density for lattice QCD with two flavors and maximally twisted mass is computed. The results are given for fixed index of the Dirac operator and include the leading order $a^2$ corrections to the chiral Lagrangian due to the discretization errors. The computation is carried out within the framework of Wilson chiral perturbation theory.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in PRD
American management: Reformation or revolution? The transfer of Japanese management technology to the US
Creators: name: Smitka, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Business
Management
Commerce

description: The paper discusses the transfer of management technology from Japan to the US. Before introducing formal economic analysis, ongoing changes in US management theory and practice are outlined, and then the main theoretical point is illustrated with an example from Japanese business history. Three vignettes of change in American management philosophy and techniques are given, focusing on the automotive industry. An explicit economic model of technical change and diffusion is then introduced, concluding by applying this model to predict whether the reformation is a prelude to a revolution in practice, or will fall prey to a counter-reformation.
The causes and consequences of Japan's high saving ratio
Creators: name: Hamada, Koichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Advertisements hang in the Japanese subway trains that ask for more savings in bank deposits. Twice a year, in June and at the end of December, employees receive what they call "bonus" payments that amount to a few months' salary. Advertisers compete for savings out of these extra payments. In America, we also receive many flyers that say "save" and "save." They are not, however, encouragements for savings at all. Thus there are significant differences in economic, social and cultural environment between the two countries. Consequently, people differ in their attitude toward savings and in the magnitude of resulting savings. The significant difference in saving ratios between the two countries accounts for the large trade imbalance between the two countries and bears a drastic implication for the future credit-debt structure in the world economy. This paper discusses the causes and consequences of this large discrepancy in people's saving behavior.
The chiral and deconfinement phase transitions
Creators: name: Xu, Fukun
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By introducing the dressed Polayakov loop or dual chiral condensate as a candidate order parameter to describe the deconfinement phase transition for light flavors, we discuss the interplay between the chiral and deconfinement phase transitions, and propose the possible QCD phase diagram at finite temperature and density. We also introduce a dynamical gluodynamic model with dimension-2 gluon condensate, which can describe the color electric deconfinement as well as color magnetic confinement.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the International Conference "Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement - CPOD 2011", Wuhan, November 7-11, 2011
Nonadiabatic generation of coherent phonons
Creators: name: Shinohara, Y.
name: Sato, S. A.
name: Yabana, K.
name: Iwata, J. -I.
name: Otobe, T.
name: Bertsch, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is the leading computationally feasible theory to treat excitations by strong electromagnetic fields. Here the theory is applied to coherent optical phonon generation produced by intense laser pulses. We examine the process in the crystalline semimetal antimony (Sb), where nonadiabatic coupling is very important. This material is of particular interest because it exhibits strong phonon coupling and optical phonons of different symmetries can be observed. The TDDFT is able to account for a number of qualitative features of the observed coherent phonons, despite its unsatisfactory performance on reproducing the observed dielectric functions of Sb. A simple dielectric model for nonadiabatic coherent phonon generation is also examined and compared with the TDDFT calculations.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures. This is prepared for a special issue of Journal of Chemical Physics on the topic of nonadiabatic processes
CNeuromod controller documentation
Creators: name: Harel, Yann
name: Cyr, André
name: Boyle, Julie
name: Pinsard, Basile
name: Bernard, Jeremy
name: Foucarde, Marie-France
name: Aggarwal, Himanshu
name: Ponce, Ana Fernanda
name: Thirion, Bertrand
name: Jerbi, Karim
name: Bellec, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: MRI
MEG
videogames
video games
neuroimaging
cognitive neuroscience

description: Documentation of the CNeuromod controller, an MRI and MEG compatible videogames controller.
Linear magnetoresistivity in the ternary AM2B2 and A3Rh8B6 phases (A = Ca, Sr; M = Rh, Ir)
Creators: name: Takeya, Hiroyuki
name: ElMassalami, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the magnetoresistivity of the AM2B2 and A3Rh8B6 (A = Ca, Sr; M = Rh, Ir) compounds within the ranges 1.8<=T<=300 K and 0<=H<=50 kOe. The zero-field resistivity ρ0(T) is metallic and follows closely the Bloch-Grüneisen description. A positive, nonsaturating, and dominantly linear-in-H magnetoresistivity was observed in all samples, including the ones with a superconducting ground state. Such ΔρT(H)/ρT(0), reaching 1200% in favorable cases, was found to be much stronger for the AM2B2 compounds and to decrease with temperature as well as when Ca is replaced by Sr, or Rh is replaced by Ir. Finally, the general features of the observed magnetoresistivity will be discussed in terms of the Abrikosov model for the linear magnetoresistivity in inhomogeneous materials.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Collateral channel and credit cycle: Evidence from the land price collapse in Japan
Creators: name: Gan, Jie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper investigates empirically the effect of real assets as collateral on the economy. As pointed out by Kiyotaki and Moore (1997), when loans are collateralized and firms are credit constrained, the amount borrowed is determined by the value of the collateral; a decrease in the price of productive assets will therefore have a negative impact on firm investments. These effects are cumulative, which leads to credit cycles. There are potentially two major difficulties in empirically testing the relationship between collateral and firm investments. First, the value of collateral often is not observable due to the lack of active secondary markets for collateralizable assets, such as plants and machineries. Second, collateral is endogenous. For example, when firms invest they need to purchase machines and build plants, which expands their collateralizable assets. This paper deals with these two difficulties by using the land-price collapse in Japan in the early 1990s as a natural experiment. In Japan, the main form of collateral for corporate borrowing is land, the value of which is observable. In addition, between 1990 and 1993, there was a near 50% drop in land prices, which was unambiguously exogenous to any one individual firm. As firms suffer losses proportionate to their land holding, the amount of land held prior to the shock can serve as an exogenous instrument to measure collateral. I find that collateral affected Japanese firm investments in two important ways. The first is a collateral-damage effect: losses in collateral value reduced investments. The second is an indirect internal-liquidity effect: with reduced borrowing capacity, the firms had to rely more upon internally generated cash to finance their investments. In addition to the investment analysis, we use a unique dataset of matched firm-bank lending, which permits us to further examine the mechanism through which collateral affects firm investments. In particular, I investigate whether collateral losses also leads to reduced borrowing capacities. The matched sample allows me to control for unobservable heterogeneity in the loan supply. The results show, again, a significant collateral-damage effect: banks tended to lend less to those who suffered greater collateral losses.
The economic rationality of the Japanese distribution system
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The unique features of the Japanese distribution system are usually described as backwards and economically inefficient. In academic writing on both sides of the Pacific, references to Japanese tradition, culture, history, and laws and regulations are frequent. The features of Japan's distribution system that are most often claimed to defy economic rationality include (1) the ubiquity of small retail stores and the long and convoluted channels through which goods must be shipped in order to reach them, (2) the tendency of manufacturers to impose vertical restraints on retailers and wholesalers, including resale price maintenance, assignment of exclusive territories, and insistence on exclusive dealing, and (3) unlimited acceptance by manufacturers of returns of unsold merchandise. However, each one of these three characteristics of the Japanese distribution system can be best understood or explained through economic theory. The Japanese distribution system is economically rational: The ubiquity of small stores efficiently economizes on household storage and shopping cost. The vertical restraints generally have enabled manufacturers to induce efficient behavior by retailers and wholesalers in the promotion and marketing of their products. And liberal returns policies have enabled manufacturers who must produce before learning the true demands for their products to make the best possible use of their imperfect information.