cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The predictive value of bioimpedance-derived fluid parameters for cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Creators: name: Cheng, Linghong
name: Chang, Liyang
name: Tian, Rongrong
name: Zhou, Jianfang
name: Luo, Fenxia
name: Zhang, Hongmei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: It is becoming increasingly evident that the accurate assessment of fluid status is critical to ensure optimal care in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Various fluid parameters, including overhydration (OH) and overhydration/extracellular water (OH/ECW%), which can be obtained using a bioimpedance spectroscopy device have been used to indicate the hydration status in such patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of these fluid parameters on cardiovascular events and determine which parameter was a better predictor of cardiovascular events (CVEs). A total of 227 patients who underwent HD at the Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled in this prospective study between December 2017 and August 2018. Clinical data were collected, and the fluid status of patients was assessed using a body composition monitor. The patients were followed up until December 2020. The primary outcomes were CVEs. The association between fluid parameters and CVEs was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristic analysis and improvement in the global chi-squared value were used to compare the predictive values of fluid parameters for CVEs. During a median follow-up of 31 months, 66 CVEs were recorded. The patients with a higher absolute hydration index (OH) and a relative hydration index (OH/ECW%) exhibited an increased risk of developing CVEs. After adjusting for confounding factors, both OH [hazard ratio (HR) 1.279 per L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.047–1.562; p = 0.016] and OH/ECW% (HR 1.061 per %, 95% CI 1.017–1.108; p = 0.006) were independently associated with CVEs. The predictive ability of the absolute hydration index was superior to the relative hydration index based on AUC calculations for CVEs. Furthermore, a greater change in χ2 in predicting CVEs was noted for the absolute hydration index. Both absolute hydration index and relative hydration index were found to be independent predictors of CVEs in univariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, the absolute hydration index had a better additive predictive value than the relative hydration index in predicting CVEs.
Many-Body Quantum Zeno Effect and Measurement-Induced Subradiance Transition
Creators: name: Biella, Alberto
name: Schiró, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that by repeatedly measuring a quantum system it is possible to completely freeze its dynamics into a well defined state, a signature of the quantum Zeno effect. Here we show that for a many-body system evolving under competing unitary evolution and variable-strength measurements the onset of the Zeno effect takes the form of a sharp phase transition. Using the Quantum Ising chain with continuous monitoring of the transverse magnetization as paradigmatic example we show that for weak measurements the entanglement produced by the unitary dynamics remains protected, and actually enhanced by the monitoring, while only above a certain threshold the system is sharply brought into an uncorrelated Zeno state. We show that this transition is invisible to the average dynamics, but encoded in the rare fluctuations of the stochastic measurement process, which we show to be perfectly captured by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian which takes the form of a Quantum Ising model in an imaginary valued transverse field. We provide analytical results based on the fermionization of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in supports of our exact numerical calculations.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Interpreting Sustainability in Economic Terms: Dynamic Efficiency Plus Intergenerational Equity
Creators: name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Wagner, Alexander F.
name: Wagner, Gernot
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Wagner, Alexander F.
name: Wagner, Gernot
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Economists have expended considerable effort to develop economically meaningful definitions of the somewhat elusive concept of "sustainability." We relate such a definition of sustainability to well known concepts from neoclassical economics, in particular, potential Pareto improvements (in the Kaldor-Hicks sense) and interpersonal compensation. In the inter-temporal realm, we find that dynamic efficiency is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a notion of sustainability that has normative standing as a goal for public policy. We define sustainability as dynamic efficiency plus intergenerational equity. Further, we argue that it is not unreasonable for economists to focus on the efficiency element, leaving equity considerations to the political process. The analogy to the relationship between potential Pareto improvements and (intragenerational) transfers can facilitate discussions about sustainability, both within the economics community and as part of an interdisciplinary discourse, and makes the basic concepts easier to operationalize.
Additional file 4 of Non-maintenance intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin induction therapy with eight doses in patients with high- or highest-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a retrospective non-randomized comparative study
Creators: name: Miyake, Makito
name: Iida, Kota
name: Nishimura, Nobutaka
name: Miyamoto, Tatsuki
name: Kiyohide Fujimoto
name: Tomida, Ryotaro
name: Matsumoto, Kazumasa
name: Numakura, Kazuyuki
name: Inokuchi, Junichi
name: Morizane, Shuichi
name: Yoneyama, Takahiro
name: Matsumura, Yoshiaki
name: Takashige Abe
name: Inoue, Masaharu
name: Yamada, Takeshi
name: Terada, Naoki
name: Shuya Hirao
name: Motohide Uemura
name: Yuto Matsushita
name: Taoka, Rikiya
name: Kobayashi, Takashi
name: Kojima, Takahiro
name: Matsui, Yoshiyuki
name: Kitamura, Hiroshi
name: Nishiyama, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Comparison of variables according to patterns of intravesical BCG treatment: after propensity score matching.
Information Storage in Black Holes
Creators: name: Maia, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The information loss paradox for Schwarzschild black holes is examined, using the ADS/CFT correspondence extended to the $M_6 (4,2)$ bulk. It is found that the only option compatible with the preservation of the quantum unitarity is when a regular remnant region of the black hole survives to the black hole evaporation process, where information can be stored and eventually retrieved.
description: 5 pages Latex file, no figures. A honourable mention in the 2005 GRF essay competition
Pay-At-The-Pump (PATP) Auto Insurance: Criticisms and Proposed Modifications
Creators: name: Khazzoom, J. Daniel
name: Khazzoom, J. Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: pay at the pump
subject: distance-based insurance
subject: efficient pricing of auto insurance
subject: conversion of fixed to variable cost
subject: loss on insuring the uninsured motorist
subject: pay at the pump and the poor
subject: environmental benefit of pay at the pump
subject: vehicle fuel-efficiency and safety
subject: vehicle miles traveled
subject: traffic density
subject: accident risk

description: In 1998 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored an effort to examine the criticisms and concerns expressed about Pay-at-the-Pump (PATP) auto insurance and explore the reformulation of PATP, taking into account these concerns. This paper provides a brief exposition of PATP and its main advantages followed by a review of its criticisms and concerns. We outline a reconstituted PATP proposal emerging from the review of these criticisms: a hybrid system that merges the best features from PATP and the existing insurance system. It retains what is consistent with the free market operation and market incentive in the existing system. At the same time it restores the price signal, the sine qua non for economic efficiency, where it has been extinguished in the existing insurance system. The reconstituted proposal capitalizes on the pricing efficiency feature that characterizes PATP, which in turn leads to a reduction in insurance cost, enhanced safety, elimination of resource misallocation, enhanced equity and reduction (possibly elimination) of accident-cost externalities. In addition, it benefits society at large with improved environment, improved balance of payments, enhanced U.S. security, and a redress to the human dimension of the uninsured motorist problem.
Heat-kernel expansion on non compact domains and a generalised zeta-function regularisation procedure
Creators: name: Cognola, Guido
name: Elizalde, Emilio
name: Zerbini, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heat-kernel expansion and zeta function regularisation are discussed for Laplace type operators with discrete spectrum in non compact domains. Since a general theory is lacking, the heat-kernel expansion is investigated by means of several examples. It is pointed out that for a class of exponential (analytic) interactions, generically the non-compactness of the domain gives rise to logarithmic terms in the heat-kernel expansion. Then, a meromorphic continuation of the associated zeta function is investigated. A simple model is considered, for which the analytic continuation of the zeta function is not regular at the origin, displaying a pole of higher order. For a physically meaningful evaluation of the related functional determinant, a generalised zeta function regularisation procedure is proposed.
description: Latex, 14 pages, no figures. The version to be published in JMP
Probing primordial non-Gaussianity with the power spectrum and bispectrum of future 21cm intensity maps
Creators: name: Karagiannis, Dionysios
name: Fonseca, José
name: Maartens, Roy
name: Camera, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After reionisation, the 21cm emission line of neutral hydrogen within galaxies provides a tracer of dark matter. Next-generation intensity mapping surveys, with the SKA and other radio telescopes, will cover large sky areas and a wide range of redshifts, facilitating their use as probes of primordial non-Gaussianity. {Previous works have shown that the bispectrum can achieve tight constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity with future surveys that are purposely designed for intensity mapping in interferometer mode}. Here we investigate the constraints attainable from surveys operating in single-dish mode, \rev{using the combined power spectrum and bispectrum signal}. In the case of the power spectrum, single-dish surveys typically outperform interferometer surveys. We find that the reverse holds for the bispectrum: single-dish surveys are not competitive with surveys designed for interferometer mode.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures, Power spectrum constraints added; version accepted by Phys. Dark Univ
Efficacy and safety of leflunomide combined with corticosteroids for the treatment of IgA nephropathy: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Lv, Guangxin
name: Ming, Chengyuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide combined with corticosteroids, compared with corticosteroids alone, for IgA nephropathy. Studies were retrieved by searching of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane’s Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases on 11 October 2021. A random-effect model incorporating the heterogeneity was used to pool the results. The efficacy outcomes included the complete remission rate of proteinuria, overall response rate (the combined rates of patients with complete and partial remission of proteinuria), changes of urine protein excretion (UPE), serum creatinine (SCr), and estimated glomerular infiltrating rate (eGFR). Nineteen studies were included. Patients receiving the combined therapy had a higher complete remission rate (relative risk [RR]: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–1.55, p = 0.006; I2 = 0%) and overall response rate (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.26, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) compared to patients who received CS alone. Besides, combined therapy was associated with significantly reduced levels of UPE (mean difference [MD]: −0.30 g/24h, 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.16, p < 0.001; I2 = 34%) and SCr (MD: −7.55 mmol/L, 95% CI: −11.06 to −4.04, p < 0.001; I2 = 34%), and increased level of eGFR (MD: 6.51 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI: 4.06–8.97, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different. Combined treatment with leflunomide and corticosteroids was more effective than corticosteroids alone for patients with IgA nephropathy.
Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection When Technological Innovation Is Endogenous
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Pizer, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: technological innovation
subject: externalities
subject: environmental policies
subject: welfare impacts

description: This paper presents an analytical and numerical comparison of the welfare impacts of alternative instruments for environmental protection in the presence of endogenous technological innovation. We analyze emissions taxes and both auctioned and free (grandfathered) emissions permits. We find that under different sets of circumstances each of the three policies may induce a significantly higher welfare gain than the other two policies. In particular, the relative ranking of policy instruments can crucially depend on the ability of adopting firms to imitate the innovation, the costs of innovation, the slope and level of the marginal environmental benefit function, and the number of firms producing emissions. Moreover, although in theory the welfare impacts of policies differ in the presence of innovation, sometimes these differences are relatively small. In fact, when firms anticipate that policies will be adjusted over time in response to innovation, certain policies can become equivalent. Our analysis is simplified in a number of respects; for example, we assume homogeneous and competitive firms. Nonetheless, our preliminary results suggest there is no clear-cut case for preferring any one policy instrument on the grounds of dynamic efficiency.
Gaßmann, Günther / Vajta, Vilmos (Hrsg.), Oecumenica 1971/72
Creators: name: Weissgerber, Hans
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 1 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 1
Flood Planning and Climate Forecasts at the Local Level
Creators: name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Hersh, Robert
name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Hersh, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: flooding
subject: ENSO
subject: La Nina
subject: climate variability
subject: climate forecast
subject: natural hazards
subject: water policy

description: We examine the use of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts for flood planning in the Pacific Northwest. Using theories of resource mobilization as a conceptual foundation, the paper relies on: 1) case studies of three communities vulnerable to flooding that have had access to long-term forecasts of ENSO conditions; and 2) analysis of data collected from a survey of nearly 60 local emergency managers, planners, and public works staff. We find that understanding the regulatory machinery and other institutions involved in using climate forecasts is critical to more effective use of these forecasts. Forecast use could be promoted by: 1) an extension service to broker climate information; 2) the identification or creation of federal authorities to fund activities to mitigate ENSO impacts; and 3) the proactive use of ENSO signals to identify areas most likely to be influenced by climate anomalies.
Estimating Future Consumer Welfare Gains from Innovation: The Case of Digital Data Storage
Creators: name: Austin, David H.
name: MacAuley, Molly K.
name: Austin, David H.
name: MacAuley, Molly K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: quality-adjusted cost index
subject: consumer surplus
subject: innovation

description: We develop a quality-adjusted cost index to estimate expected returns to investments in new technologies. The index addresses the problem of measuring social benefits from innovations in service sector inputs, where real output is not directly observable. We forecast welfare gains from two U.S. Advanced Technology Program innovations equaling 25%-50% of expected price, and aggregate consumer benefits of $1-$2 billion, relative to trends in existing technologies. Our model's probabilistic parameters reflect uncertainty about prospective outcomes and in our hedonic estimates of shadow values for selected product attributes. The index can be readily adopted by research and development (R&D) managers in industry and government.
A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Jaffe, Adam B.
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Jaffe, Adam B.
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: technology
subject: research and development
subject: environment
subject: externality
subject: policy

description: Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely to be less than would be socially desirable. Positive knowledge and adoption spillovers and information problems can further weaken innovation incentives. While environmental technology policy is fraught with difficulties, a long-term view suggests a strategy of experimenting with policy approaches and systematically evaluating their success.
The predictive value of bioimpedance-derived fluid parameters for cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Creators: name: Cheng, Linghong
name: Chang, Liyang
name: Tian, Rongrong
name: Zhou, Jianfang
name: Luo, Fenxia
name: Zhang, Hongmei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: It is becoming increasingly evident that the accurate assessment of fluid
 status is critical to ensure optimal care in patients undergoing
 hemodialysis (HD). Various fluid parameters, including
 overhydration (OH) and overhydration/extracellular water
 (OH/ECW%), which can be obtained using a
 bioimpedance spectroscopy device have been used to indicate the hydration
 status in such patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of these
 fluid parameters on cardiovascular events and determine which parameter was
 a better predictor of cardiovascular events (CVEs). A total of 227 patients who underwent HD at the Hangzhou Hospital of
 Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled in this prospective study between
 December 2017 and August 2018. Clinical data were collected, and the fluid
 status of patients was assessed using a body composition monitor. The
 patients were followed up until December 2020. The primary outcomes were
 CVEs. The association between fluid parameters and CVEs was analyzed using
 Cox proportional hazards models. The areas under the curve
 (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristic analysis and
 improvement in the global chi-squared value were used to compare the
 predictive values of fluid parameters for CVEs. During a median follow-up of 31 months, 66 CVEs were recorded. The
 patients with a higher absolute hydration index (OH) and a
 relative hydration index (OH/ECW%) exhibited an
 increased risk of developing CVEs. After adjusting for confounding factors,
 both OH [hazard ratio (HR) 1.279 per L, 95%
 confidence interval (CI) 1.047–1.562;
 p = 0.016] and OH/ECW%
 (HR 1.061 per %, 95% CI 1.017–1.108;
 p = 0.006) were
 independently associated with CVEs. The predictive ability of the absolute
 hydration index was superior to the relative hydration index based on AUC
 calculations for CVEs. Furthermore, a greater change in
 χ2 in predicting CVEs was noted
 for the absolute hydration index. Both absolute hydration index and relative hydration index were found to be
 independent predictors of CVEs in univariate and multivariate analyses.
 Furthermore, the absolute hydration index had a better additive predictive
 value than the relative hydration index in predicting CVEs.
Finsler and Lagrange Geometries in Einstein and String Gravity
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the current status of Finsler-Lagrange geometry and generalizations. The goal is to aid non-experts on Finsler spaces, but physicists and geometers skilled in general relativity and particle theories, to understand the crucial importance of such geometric methods for applications in modern physics. We also would like to orient mathematicians working in generalized Finsler and Kahler geometry and geometric mechanics how they could perform their results in order to be accepted by the community of ''orthodox'' physicists. Although the bulk of former models of Finsler-Lagrange spaces where elaborated on tangent bundles, the surprising result advocated in our works is that such locally anisotropic structures can be modelled equivalently on Riemann-Cartan spaces, even as exact solutions in Einstein and/or string gravity, if nonholonomic distributions and moving frames of references are introduced into consideration. We also propose a canonical scheme when geometrical objects on a (pseudo) Riemannian space are nonholonomically deformed into generalized Lagrange, or Finsler, configurations on the same manifold. Such canonical transforms are defined by the coefficients of a prime metric and generate target spaces as Lagrange structures, their models of almost Hermitian/ Kahler, or nonholonomic Riemann spaces. Finally, we consider some classes of exact solutions in string and Einstein gravity modelling Lagrange-Finsler structures with solitonic pp-waves and speculate on their physical meaning.
description: latex 2e, 11pt, 44 pages; accepted to IJGMMP (2008) as a short variant of arXiv:0707.1524v3, on 86 pages
Increased mean perfusion pressure variability is associated with subsequent deterioration of renal function in critically ill patients with central venous pressure monitoring: a retrospective observational study
Creators: name: Peng, Yudie
name: Wu, Buyun
name: Xing, Changying
name: Mao, Huijuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: The mean perfusion pressure (MPP) was recently proposed to personalized management tissue perfusion pressure in critically ill patients. Increased MPP variability (MPPV) may be associated with organ injuries. Our objective was to determine if increased MPPV was associated with subsequent deterioration of renal function in critically ill patients. We analyzed data stored in the eICU-CRD and MIMIC-IV databases. The exposure was MPPV, measured as the coefficient of variation (CV) using the MPP data of the first 24 h after first ICU admission. The primary endpoint was deterioration of renal function, defined as new-onset or progress of acute kidney injury between 24 and 72 h after ICU admission. The study population consisted of 8,590 patients from eICU-CRD and 6,723 patients from MIMIC-IV database. A total of 28.4% and 30.2% of the study population experienced deteriorated renal function, respectively. Patients with deteriorated renal function had significantly higher median MPP-CV compared with those without (12.2% vs 11.5% and 12.8% vs 12.5%, p < .001). In fully adjusted multivariate logistic models, higher MPP-CV (adjusted OR per 1-SD, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.13 and adjusted OR per 1-SD, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00–1.12, respectively) was significantly associated with greater risk of primary endpoint. The pooled analyses showed heterogeneity in patients with cardiac surgery, medical sepsis and others. Increased MPPV was associated with an increased risk of subsequent deterioration of renal function in critically ill patients with central venous pressure monitoring. Maintaining stable MPP may reduce the risk of renal function deterioration.
Uniqueness of the Observable Leaving Redundant Imprints in the Environment in the Context of Quantum Darwinism
Creators: name: Fu, Hui-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum Darwinism, the pointer observable of a system leaves redundant imprints in its environment after decoherence. Each imprint is recorded in a fraction of the environment, which identifies a particular partition of the environment. An ambiguity situation may occur when another observable noncommuting to the pointer observable also leaves redundant imprints with respect to another partition of the environment. We study this problem based on a uniqueness theorem we proved. We find that within a particular subset of all possible partitions of the environment, the observable of the system leaving redundant and nondegenerately recorded imprints in the environment is unique. And, in a typical situation, the partitions outside this particular subset have no physical significance.
description: 13 pages
Multinational Taxation and International Emissions Trading
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Fischer, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: emission permits
subject: transfer pricing
subject: taxation
subject: multinational corporations

description: Many studies have shown that the activities of multinational corporations are quite sensitive to differences in income tax rates across countries. In this paper I explore the interaction between multinational taxation and abatement activities under an international emissions permit trading scheme. Four types of plans are considered: (1) a single domestic permit system with international offsets; (2) separate national permit systems without trade; (3) separate national permit systems with limited offsets; and (4) an international permit trading system. For each plan, I model the incentives for the multinational firm to choose abatement activities at home and abroad and to transfer emissions credits between parent and subsidiary. Limits on trading across countries restrict efficiency gains from abatement, as is well known. But I show furthermore that if available offset opportunities are limited to actual abatement activities, those activities are more susceptible to distortions from incentives to shift taxable income. Transfer pricing rules can limit but not always eliminate these distortions. In a system of unlimited international trading, abatement is efficiently allocated across countries, but tax shifting can still be achieved through intra-firm transfer pricing. From the basis of efficiency for both environmental and tax policies, the best design is an international permit trading system with transparent, enforceable transfer pricing rules.
Pitfalls in Machine Learning Research: Reexamining the Development Cycle
Creators: name: Biderman, Stella
name: Scheirer, Walter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning has the potential to fuel further advances in data science, but it is greatly hindered by an ad hoc design process, poor data hygiene, and a lack of statistical rigor in model evaluation. Recently, these issues have begun to attract more attention as they have caused public and embarrassing issues in research and development. Drawing from our experience as machine learning researchers, we follow the machine learning process from algorithm design to data collection to model evaluation, drawing attention to common pitfalls and providing practical recommendations for improvements. At each step, case studies are introduced to highlight how these pitfalls occur in practice, and where things could be improved.
description: NeurIPS "I Can't Believe It's Not Better!" Workshop
Evaluating Food Commodity Procurement Strategies
Creators: name: Jones, Kraig M.
name: Whipple, Judith M.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Mollenkopf, Diane A.
name: Jones, Kraig M.
name: Whipple, Judith M.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Mollenkopf, Diane A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We use a case study approach to determine the primary factors affecting food manufacturers' commodity procurement decisions, as well as to examine the strategic nature of commodity procurement departments. The research fills a gap in both the commodity and procurement literature. A large literature exists on commodity marketing; however, very little exists on the topic of commodity procurement. Existing procurement literature tends to focus on non-commodity products rather than commodity products. The results suggest a model for the strategic role of commodity procurement departments within food manufacturers. The initial procurement strategy must be supply maintenance, which once accomplished, allows the commodity procurement department to progress to a profit-focused strategy, which is generally cost-based. Finally, the role of the commodity procurement department can expand by offering additional services to customers, such as designing promotional programs.
Disproportionation and Critical Interaction Strength in Na$_x$CoO$_2$: Concentration Dependence
Creators: name: Lee, K. -W.
name: Pickett, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of studies of charge disproportionation (CD) and spin differentiation in Na$_x$CoO$_2$ using the correlated band theory approach (local-density approximation+Hubbard U:LDA+U). The simultaneous CD and gap opening can be followed through a first order charge disproportionation transition. By comparison with experiments, we propose a value of the Coulomb repulsion strength U($x$) that has significant dependence on the carrier concentration $x$, for which we obtain a phase diagram. The connection between the oxygen height and effects of on-site correlation is also reported.
description: 3 pages with 4 embedded figures. submitted to proceedings in 2005 50th MMM conference
Increased risk of modality failure with higher serum uric acid level in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: a prospective cohort study
Creators: name: He, Shuiqing
name: Xiong, Qianqian
name: Li, Li
name: Lin, Xuechun
name: Zhao, Jing
name: Guo, Xiaolei
name: He, Yuqin
name: Liang, Wangqun
name: Ying, Chenjiang
name: Zuo, Xuezhi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the most important kidney replacement therapies for patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). PD technique failure can lead to an escalated cost and increased infectious and cardiovascular risk, up and including to death. The accumulation of uric acid (UA) was associated with adverse outcomes in ESKD patients. However, the relationship between serum UA and technique failure is little explored. Here, a total of 266 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (age, 41.8 ± 12.6 years; 125 males) were enrolled and followed up for 31.7 months. Serum UA levels were examined at baseline and each visit. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their baseline serum UA concentrations. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD technique failure. The level of serum UA increased gradually as time prolonged. During the follow-up period, 77 (28.9%) patients occurred PD technique failure, of which 56 (21.1%) transferred to hemodialysis (HD) and 21 (7.9%) died. Compared to the lowest UA tertile, after adjusting for potential confounders, HRs of technique failure in tertile 2 and tertile 3 were 1.82 (95% CI: 0.95–3.49) and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.05–3.92), respectively, and p for trend was 0.043. Adjusted HRs of all-cause technique failure, transferring to HD and mortality with each 1 mg/dL increase in serum UA were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.40, p = 0.019), 1.22 (95% CI: 1.01–1.48, p = 0.039), and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.94–1.67, p = 0.128), respectively. Higher serum UA level predicted higher risk of technique failure in CAPD patients.
Galilean first-order formulation for the non-relativistic expansion of general relativity
Creators: name: Hansen, Dennis
name: Hartong, Jelle
name: Obers, Niels A.
name: Oling, Gerben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate the Palatini action for general relativity (GR) in terms of moving frames that exhibit local Galilean covariance in a large speed of light expansion. For this, we express the action in terms of variables that are adapted to a Galilean subgroup of the $GL(n,\mathbb{R})$ structure group of a general frame bundle. This leads to a novel Palatini-type formulation of GR that provides a natural starting point for a first-order non-relativistic expansion. In doing so, we show how a comparison of Lorentzian and Newton-Cartan metric-compatibility explains the appearance of torsion in the non-relativistic expansion.
description: 5+1 pages, v2: minor clarifications
Why the fundamental plane of black hole activity is not simply a distance driven artifact
Creators: name: Merloni, A.
name: Koerding, E.
name: Heinz, S.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Di Matteo, T.
name: Falcke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental plane of black hole activity is a non-linear correlation among radio core luminosity, X-ray luminosity and mass of all accreting black holes, both of stellar mass and supermassive, found by Merloni, Heinz and Di Matteo (2003) and, independently, by Falcke, Koerding and Markoff (2004). Here we further examine a number of statistical issues related to this correlation. In particular, we discuss the issue of sample selection and quantify the bias introduced by the effect of distance in two of the correlated quantities. We demonstrate that the fundamental plane relation cannot be a distance artifact, and that its non-linearity must represent an intrinsic characteristic of accreting black holes. We also discuss possible future observational strategies to improve our understanding of this correlation.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to New Astronomy
Quantum Preparation Games
Creators: name: Weilenmann, Mirjam
name: Aguilar, Edgar A.
name: Navascues, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A preparation game is a task whereby a player sequentially sends a number of quantum states to a referee, who probes each of them and announces the measurement result. The measurement setting in each round, as well as the final score of the game, are decided by the referee based on the past history of settings and measurement outcomes. Many experimental tasks in quantum information, such as entanglement quantification or magic state detection, can be cast as preparation games. In this paper, we introduce general methods to design $n$-round preparation games, with tight bounds on the average game scores achievable by players subject to constraints on their preparation devices. We illustrate our results by devising new adaptive measurement protocols for entanglement detection and quantification. Surprisingly, we find that the standard procedure in entanglement detection, namely, estimating $n$ times the average value of a given entanglement witness, is in general sub-optimal for detecting the entanglement of a specific quantum state. On the contrary, there exist $n$-round experimental scenarios where detecting the entanglement of a known state optimally requires adaptive measurement schemes.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures; v2: additional results on game composition
Spatial structure of Mn-Mn acceptor pairs in GaAs
Creators: name: Yakunin, A. M.
name: Silov, A. Yu.
name: Koenraad, P. M.
name: Tang, J. -M.
name: Flatté, M. E.
name: Van Roy, W.
name: De Boeck, J.
name: Wolter, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local density of states of Mn-Mn pairs in GaAs is mapped with cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and compared with theoretical calculations based on envelope-function and tight-binding models. These measurements and calculations show that the crosslike shape of the Mn-acceptor wavefunction in GaAs persists even at very short Mn-Mn spatial separations. The resilience of the Mn-acceptor wave-function to high doping levels suggests that ferromagnetism in GaMnAs is strongly influenced by impurity-band formation. The envelope-function and tight-binding models predict similarly anisotropic overlaps of the Mn wave-functions for Mn-Mn pairs. This anisotropy implies differing Curie temperatures for Mn $δ$-doped layers grown on differently oriented substrates.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Low Energy Design for Buildings in Cape Town (South Africa)
Creators: name: Sanya, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330105
subject: Architectural science and technology
classificationCode: 330110
subject: Sustainable architecture
classificationCode: 330206
subject: Building science, technologies and systems

description: Cape Town has a temperate climate with average temperatures ranging within a minimum of 7°C in winter and maximum of 27°C in summer. Outdoor temperatures of under20°C and strong cold northwest winter winds cause thermally cold indoor conditions in poorly designed buildings. In summer, outdoor temperatures of up to 27°C coupled with high relative humidity cause uncomfortably warm indoor conditions. Topographic variations ranging from flat low lands by the sea to mountain-side locations add variety to these general climatic conditions. To be thermally comfortable, many buildings in Cape Town depend on active climatic control systems thereby contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This paper argues thatthe temperate climatic conditions imply that buildings in Cape Town can be thermally comfortablein winter, summer and throughout the year if designed with appropriate preventative and passive thermal design strategiesonly. Itfurtherexamines appropriate preventive and passive design measures for Cape Town. The paper uses four methodological approaches: (1) the notion of base temperature and degree days for envelope and internal-load dominated buildings (2) psychrometric analysis (3) circadian activity and comfort. The conclusions indicate that preventive and low energy design methods for the building are largely sufficient for maintainingindoor thermal comfort for both envelope and internal-load dominated buildings in Cape Town, while also contributing to reduction of carbon emissions
Extracellular vesicles metabolic changes reveals plasma signature in stage-dependent diabetic kidney disease
Creators: name: Pan, Youjin
name: Yang, Hui
name: Chen, Tucan
name: Jin, Jian
name: Ruan, Luya
name: Hu, Liang
name: Chen, Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has long been a complex problem. This study aimed to analyze the metabolomic characteristics of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) at different stages of DKD in order to evaluate the metabolites of plasma EVs and select new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of DKD. A total of 78 plasma samples were collected, including samples from 20 healthy controls, 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 18 patients with DKD stage III, and 20 patients with DKD stage IV. In addition, EVs were isolated for metabolomics analysis. The results identified differences in EV metabolomic characteristics in DKD patients at different stages, as well as significant differences in EV metabolomics between T2DM patients without DKD and patients with DKD. Ten Significantly differential metabolites were associated with the occurrence and progression of DKD. Uracil, LPC(O-18:1/0:0), sphingosine 1-phosphate, and 4-acetamidobutyric acid were identified as potential early biomarkers for DKD, showing excellent predictive performance. Uracil, LPC(O-18:1/0:0), sphingosine 1-phosphate, and 4-acetamidobutyric acid exhibited potential as suitable biomarkers for early DKD diagnosis. Unexpectedly, combining these four candidate metabolites resulted in enhanced predictive ability for DKD.
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Sanya, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330105
subject: Architectural science and technology
classificationCode: 330110
subject: Sustainable architecture
classificationCode: 330206
subject: Building science, technologies and systems

description: Cape Town has a temperate climate with average temperatures ranging within a minimum of 7°C in winter and maximum of 27°C in summer. Outdoor temperatures of under20°C and strong cold northwest winter winds cause thermally cold indoor conditions in poorly designed buildings. In summer, outdoor temperatures of up to 27°C coupled with high relative humidity cause uncomfortably warm indoor conditions. Topographic variations ranging from flat low lands by the sea to mountain-side locations add variety to these general climatic conditions. To be thermally comfortable, many buildings in Cape Town depend on active climatic control systems thereby contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This paper argues thatthe temperate climatic conditions imply that buildings in Cape Town can be thermally comfortablein winter, summer and throughout the year if designed with appropriate preventative and passive thermal design strategiesonly. Itfurtherexamines appropriate preventive and passive design measures for Cape Town. The paper uses four methodological approaches: (1) the notion of base temperature and degree days for envelope and internal-load dominated buildings (2) psychrometric analysis (3) circadian activity and comfort. The conclusions indicate that preventive and low energy design methods for the building are largely sufficient for maintainingindoor thermal comfort for both envelope and internal-load dominated buildings in Cape Town, while also contributing to reduction of carbon emissions
CYCLICAL CONCENTRATION AND CONSOLIDATION IN BIOTECH R&D: A NEO-SCHUMPETERIAN MODEL
Creators: name: Oehmke, James F.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
name: Naseem, Anwar
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Hightower, Amie L.
name: Oehmke, James F.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
name: Naseem, Anwar
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Hightower, Amie L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Over the past fifteen years, the agricultural biotechnology industry has exhibited cyclical behavior in concentration and consolidation. This paper provides a theoretical model of endogenous R&D, in which industry concentration exhibits cyclical behavior. The model also generates additional testable hypotheses, and policy implications.