cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal Behaviour of Euclidean Stars
Creators: name: Govender, G.
name: Govender, M.
name: Govinder, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent study of dissipative collapse considered a contracting sphere in which the areal and proper radii are equal throughout its evolution. The interior spacetime was matched to the exterior Vaidya spacetime which generated a temporal evolution equation at the boundary of the collapsing sphere. We present a solution of the boundary condition which allows the study of the gravitational and thermodynamical behaviour of this particular radiating model.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Binary Formation Mechanisms: Constraints from the Companion Mass Ratio Distribution
Creators: name: Reggiani, Maddalena M.
name: Meyer, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical comparison of the mass ratio distribution of companions, as observed in different multiplicity surveys, to the most recent estimate of the single object mass function (Bochanski et al. 2010). The main goal of our analysis is to test whether or not the observed companion mass ratio distribution (CMRD) as a function of primary star mass and star formation environment is consistent with having been drawn from the field star IMF. We consider samples of companions for M dwarfs, solar type and intermediate mass stars, both in the field as well as clusters or associations, and compare them with populations of binaries generated by random pairing from the assumed IMF for a fixed primary mass. With regard to the field we can reject the hypothesis that the CMRD was drawn from the IMF for different primary mass ranges: the observed CMRDs show a larger number of equal-mass systems than predicted by the IMF. This is in agreement with fragmentation theories of binary formation. For the open clusters α Persei and the Pleiades we also reject the IMF random- pairing hypothesis. Concerning young star-forming regions, currently we can rule out a connection between the CMRD and the field IMF in Taurus but not in Chamaeleon I. Larger and different samples are needed to better constrain the result as a function of the environment. We also consider other companion mass functions (CMF) and we compare them with observations. Moreover the CMRD both in the field and clusters or associations appears to be independent of separation in the range covered by the observations. Combining therefore the CMRDs of M and G primaries in the field and intermediate mass primary binaries in Sco OB2 for mass ratios, q = M2/M1, from 0.2 to 1, we find that the best chi-square fit follows a power law dN/dq \propto q^β, with β = -0.50 \pm 0.29, consistent with previous results.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Open system dynamics of simple collision models
Creators: name: Ziman, Mario
name: Bužek, Vladimír
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple collision model is employed to introduce elementary concepts of open system dynamics of quantum systems. In particular, within the framework of collision models we introduce the quantum analogue of thermalization process called quantum homogenization and simulate quantum decoherence processes. These dynamics are driven by partial swaps and controlled unitary collisions, respectively. We show that collision models can be used to prepare multipartite entangled states. Partial swap dynamics generates W-type of entanglement saturating the CKW inequalities, whereas the decoherence collision models creates GHZ-type of entangled states. The considered evolution of a system in a sequence of collisions is described by a discrete semigroup E_1,...,E_n. Interpolating this discrete points within the set of quantum channels we derive for both processes the corresponding Lindblad master equations. In particular, we argue that collision models can be used as simulators of arbitrary Markovian dynamics, however, the inverse is not true.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures, lecture presented at 46 Karpacz Winter School of Theoretical Physics in Ladek Zdroj, Poland, 8 - 13 February 2010
Impulsivity : a link between bipolar and alcohol use disorders
Creators: name: Tompkins, Season C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: There are many commonalities between bipolar and alcohol use disorders which suggest a common etiology, or vulnerability, for these disorders. Impulsivity is a shared feature of both disorders which may help to identify an underlying link between the disorders. The presented studies used an undergraduate sample to examine personality, behavioural, and electroencephalogram (EEG) measures which have previously been linked to either bipolar or alcohol use disorders, or to both disorders. The first study examined self-report impulsivity as a mediator of the relationship between hypomanic personality and alcohol use. Individuals from the first study were then invited to participate in a second study using delay discounting, a behavioural measure of impulsivity, and EEG measures, which have been related to bipolar and alcohol use disorders. In the first study, higher hypomanic personality was related to higher impulsivity and alcohol use. Impulsivity was also positively related to alcohol use. In this study, impulsivity mediated the relationship between hypomanic personality and various measures of alcohol use. Specifically, Sensation Seeking and Negative Urgency were the UPPS-P scales found to most often mediate the relationships between hypomanic personality and alcohol use. In the second study, hypomanic personality, Positive Urgency, and alcohol use were all positively correlated with delay discounting rates. However, Positive Urgency did not significantly mediate the relationship between hypomanic personality or alcohol use and delay discounting. With regard to EEG measures, there were some findings showing impulsivity, hypomanic personality, and alcohol use related to longer latencies of the P300 event-related potential, but not smaller amplitudes. This lack of EEG findings may be explained by the relatively healthy sample of undergraduate participants that did not endorse severe enough psychopathology to show the associations previously seen in clinical samples.
Quantum dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in tilted and driven bichromatic optical lattices
Creators: name: Witthaut, D.
name: Trimborn, F.
name: Kegel, V.
name: Korsch, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in tilted and driven optical superlattices. For a bichromatic lattice, each Bloch band split up into two minibands such that the dynamics is governed by the interplay of Bloch oscillations and transitions between the bands. Thus, bichromatic potentials provide an excellent model system for the study of nonlinear Landau-Zener tunneling and allow for a variety of applications in matter wave interferometry and quantum metrology. In the present paper we investigate the coherent dynamics of an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate as well as its stability. Different mechanisms of instability are discussed, which lead to a rapid depletion of the condensate.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. A
Additional file 1 of Sample attrition analysis in a prospective cohort study of medical graduates in China
Creators: name: Li, Mingyue
name: Wang, Ziyue
name: Zhang, Baisong
name: Wei, Tiantian
name: Hu, Dan
name: Liu, Xiaoyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Solar ultraviolet radiation and outdoor workers in Canada : a program of research on exposure assessment, sun protection behaviours and prostate cancer risk
Creators: name: Peters, Cheryl Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Background: Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main cause of skin cancer, and emerging evidence shows that it may prevent prostate cancer. Understanding the etiology of skin cancer has been challenged by a lack of detailed exposure assessment instruments, and this influences the ability to study the effect of solar radiation on other, more multi-factorial diseases. Methods: In the first study (Chapters 3 and 4), 78 outdoor workers wore UVR dosimetry badges for five work days, and provided information on skin cancer risk factors and sun protective behaviours. This data was used to investigate levels of exposure and prevention behaviours. The second study (Chapters 2 and 5) developed a job exposure matrix (JEM) based on occupation/industry, time spent outdoors and satellite data on available ambient UVR. The JEM was used to investigate the risk of prostate cancer in outdoor workers using a previously conducted population-based case-control study. Results: Over 300 UVR measurements were taken among seventy-three workers. Exposure was variable; the main predictors of exposure were time spent outdoors and meteorology. Outdoor workers relied more on clothing (hats, shirts) than on shade or sunscreen for protection. Sun protection scores showed that fairer people used more protection. The job sites’ clothing requirements also influenced protective behaviours. Based on the JEM, approximately 1.5 million Canadians (82% male) were exposed to solar UVR at work (for ≥2 hours/day). The largest exposed groups were construction workers, farmers and landscapers. Prostate cancer cases (n=1638) were compared to controls (n=1697) using the UVR satellite data-enhanced JEM and case status from national cancer registries. A statistically significant decrease in risk of prostate cancer was found in the highest exposed workers. Conclusions: Outdoor workers in Canada experience high levels of solar UVR exposure. Sun protection was relatively high and was driven by workplace requirements, which suggests company policies requiring hats and shirts could be an effective prevention strategy. JEMs are a key tool for population-level studies, and the addition of objective measures into the matrix for solar UV radiation was an innovation that showed high, long-term occupational exposure to solar UVR is protective for prostate cancer.
AKARI Near-infrared Spectral Observations of Shocked H2 Gas of the Supernova Remnant IC 443
Creators: name: Shinn, Jong-Ho
name: Koo, Bon-Chul
name: Seon, Kwang-Il
name: Lee, Ho-Gyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared (2.5 - 5.0 um) spectra of shocked H2 gas in the supernova remnant IC 443, obtained with the satellite AKARI. Three shocked clumps-known as B, C, and G-and one background region were observed, and only H2 emission lines were detected. Except the clump B, the extinctioncorrected level population shows the ortho-to-para ratio of ~ 3.0. From the level population of the clumps C and G-both AKARI's only and the one extended with previous mid-infrared observations-we found that the v = 0 levels are more populated than the v > 0 levels at a fixed level energy, which cannot be reproduced by any combination of H2 gas in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium. The populations are described by the two-density power-law thermal admixture model, revised to include the collisions with H atoms. We attributed the lower (n(H2)=10^(2.8-3.8) cm-3) and higher (n(H2)=10^(5.4-5.8) cm-3) density gases to the shocked H2 gas behind C-type and J-type shocks, respectively, based on several arguments including the obtained high H I abundance n(H I)/n(H2)=0.01. Under the hierarchical picture of molecular clouds, the C-type and J-type shocks likely propagate into "clumps" and "clouds" (interclump media), respectively. The power-law index b of 1.6 and 3.5, mainly determined by the lower density gas, is attributed to the shock-velocity diversity, which may be a natural result during shock-cloud interactions. According to our results, H2 v = 1 - 0 S(1) emission is mainly from J-shocks propagating into interclump media. The H2 emission was also detected at the background region, and this diffuse H2 emission may originate from collisional process in addition to the ultraviolet photon pumping.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures, ApJ accepted
Coexistence of the topological state and a two-dimensional electron gas on the surface of Bi2Se3
Creators: name: Bianchi, Marco
name: Guan, Dandan
name: Bao, Shining
name: Mi, Jianli
name: Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt
name: King, Philip D. C.
name: Hofmann, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators are a recently discovered class of materials with fascinating properties: While the inside of the solid is insulating, fundamental symmetry considerations require the surfaces to be metallic. The metallic surface states show an unconventional spin texture, electron dynamics and stability. Recently, surfaces with only a single Dirac cone dispersion have received particular attention. These are predicted to play host to a number of novel physical phenomena such as Majorana fermions, magnetic monopoles and unconventional superconductivity. Such effects will mostly occur when the topological surface state lies in close proximity to a magnetic or electric field, a (superconducting) metal, or if the material is in a confined geometry. Here we show that a band bending near to the surface of the topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ gives rise to the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The 2DEG, renowned from semiconductor surfaces and interfaces where it forms the basis of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, two-dimensional superconductivity, and a plethora of practical applications, coexists with the topological surface state in Bi$_2$Se$_3$. This leads to the unique situation where a topological and a non-topological, easily tunable and potentially superconducting, metallic state are confined to the same region of space.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
George Hicks interviews syphilis patients about their symptoms
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Syphilis--Patients
Public health
Symptoms

description: "Part of V.D. Radio Project. In 1949, the American Public Health Service, in tandem with Columbia University, produced a number of programs aimed to stamp out syphilis."--WNYC
Comment on: I-Shih Liu: Constitutive theory of anisotropic rigid heat conductors
Creators: name: Muschik, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In I-Shih Liu's paper \C{1}, the compatibility of anisotropy and material frame indifference of a rigid heat conductor is investigated. For this purpose, the deformation gradient is introduced into the domain of the constitutive mapping. Because of the presupposed rigidity, the deformation gradient is here represented by an orthogonal tensor. The statement, that the usual procedure -- not to introduce the deformation gradient into the state space of rigid heat conductors -- causes isotropy because of the material frame indifference, is misleading.
description: 8 pages
EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER FOOD SAFETY BEHAVIORS
Creators: name: Berglund, Zachary R
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Food safety, traceability, certification and authenticity
Public health not elsewhere classified
Consumer behaviour
Food sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Food safety researchers and extension workers are focused on educating the different actors of the supply chain, from farm to fork. To accomplish this, researchers identify areas of improvement and investigate the factors that cause or explain food safety behaviors. This thesis is divided into a systematic literature review with a meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis (Ch. 2), then two case studies that use predictive models to find top predictors of food safety behaviors (Ch.3 and 4). The systematic review (Ch.2) investigates online food safety educational programs and their effectiveness, barriers, and recommendations on different subpopulations of students, consumers, and food workers. The findings showed a limited effect on attitudes in the different subpopulations. Several areas for future research and recommendations for educators were identified. The first case study (Ch.3) developed predictive models of different food safety behaviors at ten time points throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest an effect between changes in COVID-19 case numbers and how well attitudes related to COVID-19 can make predictions. Additionally, findings suggest the importance of attitudes when predicting food safety behaviors. Lastly, results identified that the belief that handwashing protects against foodborne illness was more important than the belief that handwashing protects against COVID-19 when predicting handwashing at most time points. These findings can identify insights into consumer behaviors during the pandemic and several possible areas for future research. The second case study (Ch. 4) developed predictive models of consumer flour handling practices and consumer awareness of flour-related recalls and how they are affected by the total number of flour-related recalls for a state where the consumer lives. Findings identified the importance of risk perceptions in predicting consumer flour handling practices. Results also showed that younger consumers were predicted to be more likely to be aware of flour recalls than consumers of older ages. Lastly, results show that the total number of flour-related recalls for a state where the consumer lives do not affect predictions. Findings identify potential challenges to recall communication and areas for future studies.
title: Colonies (Italy)
title: Colonies (Italy)
Creators: name: Berhe, Simona
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Italien
subject: Kolonialismus
subject: Italy--Colonies--Africa
subject: History--20th century

description: The Italian colonies, with the partial exception of Libya, played only a secondary role in the Great War. By virtue of not sharing borders with any German colonial territories, Italian overseas possessions were spared the conflict between the European powers in which other African countries became involved. Nonetheless, the First World War did have an impact upon the internal situation in the Italian colonial territories: while in Libya there erupted an anti-colonial revolt backed by the Central Powers, Eritrea and Somalia were affected by operations planned by the pan-Islamic network, which in the Horn of Africa was mainly sustained by Ethiopia. Finally, in the Dodecanese the war exacerbated the inter-ethnic divisions pitting the local Greek population against the Italian occupiers.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Type-Decomposition of a Pseudo-Effect Algebra
Creators: name: Foulis, David
name: Pulmannová, Sylvia
name: Vincekova, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06C15 (Primary), 17C65 (Secondary), 46L45

description: The theory of direct decomposition of a centrally orthocomplete effect algebra into direct summands of various types utilizes the notion of a type-determining (TD) set. A pseudo-effect algebra (PEA) is a (possibly) noncommutative version of an effect algebra. In this article we develop the basic theory of centrally orthocomplete PEAs, generalize the notion of a TD set to PEAs, and show that TD sets induce decompositions of centrally orthocomplete PEAs into direct summands.
description: 18 pages
Are we sharing our data and software yet? Community, tools, incentives - and flexibility.
Creators: name: Stall, Shelley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: FAIR Data
Data Sharing
Software Sharing

description: Keynote talk: GeoKarlsruhe 2021 Session: 15.2 Strategies to enable FAIR and Open Data and Software Abstract:  The culture around sharing our data and software is evolving. Funders are starting to provide more clarity and requirements. Institutions are working to provide support and incentives. And journals are requiring that data be cited with some improvement on software as well. And yet, it is still difficult. Not all data can be shared. Not all data can be cited. As us celebrate our progress we must also strengthen our collaboration and efforts in addressing the current challenges and those to come. Achieving FAIR, open and reproducible research through data and software management and preservation is both difficult and rewarding. Governance and sovereignty as represented by the CARE Principles give us a framework to expand research stakeholders to the people and community. In this talk we will share approaches that the AGU is taking to share data and software with stakeholders of the research ecosystem for better science, decision-making, and transparency. Persistence is necessary. Flexibility is key. Resources:  AGU Position Statement on Data: https://www.agu.org/Share-and-Advocate/Share/Policymakers/Position-Statements/Position_Data AGU Strategic Plan: https://www.agu.org/Learn-About-AGU/About-AGU/About/Strategic-Plan Tedersoo, L., Küngas, R., Oras, E. et al. Data sharing practices and data availability upon request differ across scientific disciplines. Sci Data 8, 192 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00981-0 Monastersky, R., & Van Noorden, R. (2019). 150 years of Nature: a data graphic charts our evolution. Nature, 575(7781), 22–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03305-w AGU Data and Software for Authors: https://www.agu.org/Publish-with-AGU/Publish/Author-Resources/Data-and-Software-for-Authors AGU Data Leadership Blog and Resources: https://data.agu.org/resources/ Wilkinson, M., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. et al. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data 3, 160018 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 Lin, D., Crabtree, J., Dillo, I. et al. The TRUST Principles for digital repositories. Sci Data7, 144 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0486-7 Carroll, S.R., Herczog, E., Hudson, M. et al. Operationalizing the CARE and FAIR Principles for Indigenous data futures. Sci Data 8, 108 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00892-0 Carroll, S. R., Garba, I., Figueroa-Rodríguez, O. L., Holbrook, J., Lovett, R., Materechera, S., … Hudson, M. (2020). The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance. Data Science Journal, 19(1), 43. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-043
Accessibility to Healthy Food and Employment by Automobile and Public Transit: The Case of Phoenix Metropolitan Statistical Area
Creators: name: Deodhar, Saloni
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Transport engineering

description: Over the last few decades, household incomes have been rising steadily but the biggest share of that growth has been in the top income quintile. This unequitable growth is exacerbated by spatial factors, such as a household’s home location and the distribution of opportunities and resources around it. This thesis examines the effects of the distribution of places of employment and healthy food retailers on socioeconomic outcomes for households in the Phoenix Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The main research objectives are to: i) calculate accessibility to employment and healthy food for public transit and automobile and identify low-access areas for the two modes; ii) determine the underlying reasons and recommend mitigation measures for the access gaps; and iii) investigate the associations between the calculated accessibility measures and socioeconomic outcomes for households. This is achieved by calculating healthy food accessibility, general job accessibility, industry job accessibility (i.e., access to jobs by the different North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) different industry sectors) and industry job mismatch (i.e., the difference in the general job accessibility and the industry job accessibility). We employ a modified Enhanced 2-step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) method with continuously decaying weights using census data at the census block level, employment data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) program in various North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) sectors, and locations of grocery stores from the Safegraph places dataset. Using spatial regression models, we estimate the associations between these calculated measures and socioeconomic outcomes. The analysis shows that there is a lack of transit access to healthy food and employment in the periphery of the MSA and that greater access is clustered around interstates and primary roads. The access by transit is worse than access by automobiles for most of the block groups. The spatial regression results show that renters find block groups with better access more attractive, and homeowners trade off that accessibility for better living conditions and other factors, such as school districts. People using the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and people not high school educated have worse industry job accessibility; jobs that they are employed and qualified in are not accessible to these vulnerable populations. City planners and policy makers can use these findings to implement policies that can address the access gaps found and impact communities.
Structure and Composition of Molecular Clouds with CN Zeeman Detections I: W3OH
Creators: name: Hakobian, Nicholas S.
name: Crutcher, Richard M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a multi-species study of a region which has had previous measurements of strong magnetic fields through the CN Zeeman effect in order to to explore the relationship between CN and N$_2$H$^+$, both of which have evidence that they remain in the gas phase at densities of 10$^5$ - 10$^6$ cm$^{-3}$. To achieve this we map the 1 arcmin$^2$ region around the UCHII region of W3(OH) using the Combined Array for Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). Approximately 105 hours of data were collected in multiple array configurations to produce maps with an effective resolution of $\sim$ 2.5\arcsec at high signal-to-noise in CN, C$^{18}$O, HCN, HCO$^+$, N$_2$H$^+$, and two continuum bands (91.2 GHz and 112 GHz). These data allow us to compare tracer molecules associated with both low and high density regions to infer gas properties. We determine that CARMA resolves out approximately 35% of the CN emission around W3(OH) when compared with spectra obtained from the IRAM-30 meter telescope. The presence of strong absorption lines towards the continuum source in three of the molecular transitions infers the presence of a cold, dark, optically thick region in front of the continuum source. In addition, the presence of high-velocity emission lines near the continuum source shows the presence of hot clumpy emission behind the continuum source. These data determine that future high-resolution interferometric CN Zeeman measurements which cannot currently be performed (due to technical limitations of current telescopes) are feasible. We confirm that CN is indeed a good tracer for high density regions; with certain objects such as W3(OH) it appears to be a more accurate tracer than N$_2$H$^+$.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures. Accepted by ApJ
title: Health, Disease, Mortality; Demographic Effects
title: Health, Disease, Mortality; Demographic Effects
Creators: name: Cretu, Doina Anca
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medizin
subject: Geschichte 1914-1918
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Medical care

description: The rapid spread of epidemics ravaged military personnel and civilians in and outside Europe’s warzones during the Great War. Further, the great influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 became a global crisis as the disease spread. Then, state institutions, as well as national and international civil society, mobilized and crystallized efforts for the relief and rehabilitation of the sick. This article is a comparative and transnational overview of both the demographic devastation caused by disease, and the ways wartime conditions determined health crises among combatants and civilians. It explores how incidence of disease shaped wartime societies, as well as national and international governance during and after the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Literature (Portugal)
title: Literature (Portugal)
Creators: name: Araújo, Francisco Miguel
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Portugal
subject: Schriftsteller
subject: Portuguese literature--20th century
subject: Authors, Portuguese

description: World War I, the only global conflict in which Portugal participated during the 20th century, has provided the background to a prolific literary production that extended for several decades. From an original political and patriotic dimension in favour of the conflict to a more personal memorialist and cathartic view, which crosses various textual genres and fields of knowledge, Portuguese literature accompanied this world phenomenon of civilizational ruptures and novelties. Amid the appropriation, comprehension and reflection about the Great War, the historical and cultural specificities of this bibliography and its writing by some of the main national authors will be clarified.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Numerical analysis of the effects of external blasts on tunnels
Creators: name: Mitelman, Amichai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents the application of the finite-discrete element method for simulation of the impact of external blast loads on tunnels in rock. An extensive database of field tests of underground explosions above tunnels is used for calibrating and validating the proposed numerical method. The numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with published data for large-scale physical experiments. 1D and 2D model results are compared to analytical spalling equations and to the field test findings. It was found that only the 2D models are suitable for support design. The influence of rock strength on tunnel durability to withstand blast loads is investigated. It was found that higher rock strength will increase the tunnel resistance to the load on one hand, but decrease attenuation on the other hand. Thus, under certain conditions, results for weak and strong rock masses are similar. Finally, a discussion on tunnel support design to withstand blasting is presented. A distinction between heavy spalling and light rockfall is made based on an estimation of the ratio of peak stress of the arriving wave to the rock tensile strength. Accordingly, different design approaches are suggested: for heavy spalling a low impedance isolating layer between the tunnel liner and surrounding rock is recommended. For light rockfall, a simplified static FEM analysis procedure is presented.
Building the cosmic infrared background brick by brick with Herschel/PEP
Creators: name: Berta, S.
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Nordon, R.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Altieri, B.
name: Andreani, P.
name: Aussel, H.
name: Castaneda, H.
name: Cepa, J.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Elbaz, D.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Foerster
name: Genzel, R.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Perez-Fournon, I.
name: Poglitsch, A.
name: Popesso, P.
name: Pozzi, F.
name: Riguccini, L.
name: Rodighiero, G.
name: Sanchez-Portal, M.
name: Sturm, E.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Valtchanov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic infrared background (CIB) includes roughly half of the energy radiated by all galaxies at all wavelengths across cosmic time, as observed at the present epoch. The PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) survey is exploited here to study the CIB and its redshift differential, at 70, 100 and 160 micron, where the background peaks. Combining PACS observations of the GOODS-S, GOODS-N, Lockman Hole and COSMOS areas, we define number counts spanning over more than two orders of magnitude in flux: from ~1 mJy to few hundreds mJy. Stacking of 24 micron sources and P(D) statistics extend the analysis down to ~0.2 mJy. Taking advantage of the wealth of ancillary data in PEP fields, differential number counts and CIB are studied up to z=5. Based on these counts, we discuss the effects of confusion on PACS blank field observations and provide confusion limits for the three bands considered. The total CIB surface brightness emitted above PEP 3 sigma flux limits is 4.52 +/- 1.18, 8.35 +/- 0.95 and 9.49 +/- 0.59 [nW/m2/sr] at 70, 100, and 160 micron, respectively. These values correspond to 58 +/- 7% and 74 +/- 5% of the COBE/DIRBE CIB direct measurements at 100 and 160 micron. Employing the P(D) analysis, these fractions increase to ~65% and ~89%. More than half of the resolved CIB was emitted at redshift z<=1. The 50%-light redshifts lie at z=0.58, 0.67 and 0.73 at the three PACS wavelengths. The distribution moves towards earlier epochs at longer wavelengths: while the 70 micron CIB is mainly produced by z<=1.0 objects, the contribution of z>1.0 sources reaches 50% at 160 micron. Most of the CIB resolved in the three PACS bands was emitted by galaxies with infrared luminosities in the range 1e11-1e12 L(sun).
description: Proposed for acceptance on A&A
title: Çabuk, Seyit Ali
title: Çabuk, Seyit Ali
Creators: name: Yılmazer, Tuncay
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Çabuk, Seyit Ali

description: Seyit Onbaşı (Corporal Seyit) is an iconic figure and symbol of the Turkish naval victory at the Dardanelles on 18 March 1915. He allegedly carried a 275 kg heavy shell to the gun.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Reference interval for the C-ACT activated clotting time test in healthy dogs using a water bath and manual assessment of clot formation
Creators: name: Nash, KJ
name: Day, SK
name: Goodwin, WA
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology

description: To establish a reference range for the canine C-ACT activated clotting time (ACT) test using a water bath and visual clot assessment technique. Healthy, privately owned dogs (n = 48) were prospectively recruited to the study. Blood samples were collected via direct jugular venipuncture for complete blood count, serum biochemistry analysis and measurement of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Five animals with major abnormalities or who became agitated during phlebotomy were excluded. For the 43 remaining animals, 2 mL of blood was collected via the cephalic vein and added directly to a C-ACT tube that was shaken vigorously before being placed in a water bath at 37°C. Tubes were visually assessed for clot formation and C-ACT was recorded in seconds when the magnet within the tube lodged in the clot. The nonparametric reference interval (capturing the central 95% of the data) was 50–80 seconds, with a 90% CI for the lower limit of 50–55 seconds and a 90% CI for the upper limit of 75–80 seconds. The C-ACT ACT test had a positive correlation with aPTT (0.42; 95% CI = 0.13–0.64). There was no evidence of a correlation between C-ACT ACT and age, weight, PT, haematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count or total protein. The results of this study suggest that the normal reference interval for ACT in dogs using C-ACT tubes in a 37°C water bath is 50–80 seconds. Care should be taken extrapolating the results of this study to the general population, as the smaller study design had less control for confounders than a larger study. However, when using the described analytical methods, C-ACT tube ACT test results >80 seconds should be considered prolonged in dogs and should prompt further investigation. ACT: Activated clotting time; aPTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Hct: Haematocrit; PT: Prothrombin time
Stringy Space-Time Foam, Finsler-like Metrics and Dark Matter Relics
Creators: name: Mavromatos, Nick E.
name: Sarkar, Sarben
name: Vergou, Ariadne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss modifications of the thermal Dark Matter (DM) relic abundances in stringy cosmologies with D-particle space-time foamy backgrounds. As a result of back-reaction of massive DM on the background space-time, owing to its interaction with D-particle defects in the foam, quantum fluctuations are induced in the space-time metric. We demonstrate that these lead to the presence of extra source terms in the Boltzmann equation used to determine the thermal dark matter relic abundances. The source terms are determined by the specific form of the induced metric deformations; the latter depend on the momentum transfer of the DM particle during its interactions with the D-particle defects and so are akin to Finsler metrics. In the case of low string scales arising from large extra dimensions our results may have phenomenological implications for the search of viable supersymmetric models.
title: Forschungsdatenmanagement
title: Arbeitsschwerpunkte für Informationswissenschaftler*innen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Zeunert, Miriam
name: Schneemann, Carsten
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 025 Bibliothekarische Tätigkeiten

description: Forschungsdatenmanagement ist ein informationswissenschaftliches Thema, dessen Bedeutung kontinuierlich, spätestens aber seit dem Start der Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) immer präsenter wird. Zur Abbildung und Verortung von Arbeitsschwerpunkten für Informationswissenschaftler*innen wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein aktuelles Korpus von 162 Stellenanzeigen, in denen Forschungsdatenmanagement erwähnt wird, ausgewertet. Das Korpus umfasst Stellenanzeigen, die über das Portal Open-BiblioJobs und die DFN-Mailingliste Forschungsdaten beworben wurden und deckt einen Zeitraum vom 01.03.2020 bis zum 22.11.2020 ab. Zur Auswertung des Korpus wurde eine Analysematrix erstellt, in welcher die Inhalte jeder Stellenanzeige nach formalen, administrativen und inhaltlichen Kriterien verzeichnet wurden. Die aus den Stellenanzeigen stammenden Anforderungen wurden in einem Forschungsdatenlebenszyklus mit insgesamt acht Teilaspekten verortet, hiervon sechs Stationen des Forschungsdatenlebenszyklus: „Forschungsvorhaben planen“, „Daten erheben“, „Daten aufbereiten und analysieren“, „Daten teilen und publizieren“, „Daten archivieren“, „Daten nachnutzen“, zusätzlich wurden die zwei Teilaspekte „allgemeine Kern- und Schlüsselkompetenzen“ und „übergreifende Querschnittsthemen“ hinzugefügt. Dieser Praxisrepräsentation wurde eine Literaturanalyse gegenübergestellt, welche sich mit Anforderungen und Kompetenzen im Forschungsdatenmanagement, besonders aus informationswissenschaftlicher, infrastruktureller Sicht beschäftigt. Hierbei wurden exemplarisch Frameworks (international, national, institutionell), Praxisberichte (universitärer und außeruniversitärer Einrichtungen) und der Individualbericht eines Forschungsdatenmanagers ausgewertet. Zur Gewährleistung einer späteren Vergleichbarkeit wurden auch hier die genannten Kompetenzen und Aufgaben in einem gleichen Forschungsdatenlebenszyklus verortet und analysiert. Die abschließende Zusammenführung und Auswertung der um Aufgaben und Kompetenzen angereicherten Forschungsdatenlebenszyklen ermöglichte einen direkten Vergleich von Theorie und Praxis. Hierbei konnte eine große Kongruenz der Schwerpunktverteilung innerhalb des Forschungsdatenlebenszyklus aufgezeigt werden. Diese Aufgabenkonzentration, besonders in den Teilaspekten „allgemeine Kern- und Schlüsselkompetenzen“ und „übergreifende Querschnittsthemen“ bilden die Verteilung von Arbeitsschwerpunkten im Forschungsdatenmanagement für Informationswissenschaftler* innen deutlich ab.
title: Discipleship and desire : conservative evangelicals, coherence and the moral lives of the metropolis
Creators: name: Strhan, Anna
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This thesis is an ethnographic study of the everyday religious lives of conservative evangelical Christians in London. Conservative evangelicalism has attracted increased public attention in recent years as a number of Christian groups have become increasingly visible in arguing that Christians are being marginalized in British society as their lifestyles are threatened by universalizing processes associated with modernization. Seeking to move beyond simplistic stereotypes of evangelicals that arise from polarizing media narratives, I explore how members of a large conservative evangelical congregation experience and fmd ways of negotiating concerns, uncertainties and human frailties that shape social life more broadly. My central argument is that their experience of God as coherent and transcendent, mediated through word-based practices, both responds to and intensifies their consciousness of internal moral fragmentation, binding them more closely in their sense of dependence on God and each other. Situated in debates about subjectivity and modernity in the sociology of religion, the anthropology of Christianity and urban theory, I analyse how conservative evangelicals faith is patterned through their being shaped as modern, urban subjects according to nonns of interaction internalized outside the church and their development of moral and temporal orientations that rub against these. Their self-identification as 'aliens and strangers in this world thus, I argue, both articulates and constructs a desire to be different within the metropolitan contexts they inhabit, rooted in a consciousness of the extent to which their habituated modes of practice, hopes and longings are simultaneously shaped by their being in the world. I demonstrate how focusing on both their embodied, word-based practices and their experience of the personality of God helps develop understanding of this form of religious intersubjectivity and its social effects, and argue that this approach opens up new avenues for understanding evangelicalism, lived religion and everyday ethical practice.
Quark splitting in non-trivial θ-vacuum
Creators: name: Xing, Hongxi
name: Wang, Xin-Nian
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quark splitting in non-trivial $θ$-vacuum with a given helicity is investigated in pQCD with a modified quark propagator. We found that the quark splitting functions were modified by the presence of a topologically non-trivial QCD background field, though there is no explicit helicity flip associated with the radiative processes. The interaction with the topological non-trivial field leads to the degeneracy of the quark splitting functions for left- and right-handed quarks. Such degeneracy can lead to imbalance of left- and right-handed quarks in quark jet showers. We also discuss phenomenological consequences of such imbalance if there exists non-trivial topological gluon field configuration in heavy-ion collisions.
description: Proceedings of Hard Probes 2010 including 4 pages and 2 figures
Chameleons with Field Dependent Couplings
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: van de Bruck, Carsten
name: Mota, David F.
name: Nunes, Nelson J.
name: Winther, Hans A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Certain scalar-tensor theories exhibit the so-called chameleon mechanism, whereby observational signatures of scalar fields are hidden by a combination of self-interactions and interactions with ambient matter. Not all scalar-tensor theories exhibit such a chameleon mechanism, which has been originally found in models with inverse power run-away potentials and field independent couplings to matter. In this paper we investigate field-theories with field-dependent couplings and a power-law potential for the scalar field. We show that the theory indeed is a chameleon field theory. We find the thin-shell solution for a spherical body and investigate the consequences for Eöt-Wash experiments, fifth-force searches and Casimir force experiments. Requiring that the scalar-field evades gravitational tests, we find that the coupling is sensitive to a mass-scale which is of order of the Hubble scale today.
description: 17 pages, 20 figures
High angular momentum coupling for enhanced Rydberg-atom sensing in the VHF band
Creators: name: Prajapati, Nikunjkumar
name: Kunzler, Jakob W.
name: Artusio-Glimpse, Alexandra B.
name: Rotunno, Andrew
name: Berweger, Samuel
name: Simons, Matthew T.
name: Holloway, Christopher L.
name: Gardner, Chad M.
name: Mcbeth, Michael S.
name: Younts, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in Rydberg atom electrometry detail promising applications in radio frequency (RF) communications. Presently, most applications use carrier frequencies greater than 1~GHz where resonant Autler-Townes splitting provides the highest sensitivity. This letter documents a series of experiments with Rydberg atomic sensors to collect and process waveforms from the automated identification system (AIS) used in maritime navigation in the Very High Frequency (VHF) band. Detection in this band is difficult with conventional resonant Autler-Townes based Rydberg sensing and requires a new approach. We show the results from a new method called High Angular Momentum Matching Excited Raman (HAMMER), which enhances low frequency detection and exhibits superior sensitivity compared to the traditional AC Stark effect. From measurements of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium and cesium vapor cells, we show the relationship between incident electric field strength and observed signal-to-noise ratio and find that the sensitivity of the HAMMER scheme in rubidium achieved an equivalent single VHF tone sensitivity of $\mathrm{100~μV/m/\sqrt{Hz}}$. With these results, we estimate the usable range of the atomic vapor cell antenna for AIS waveforms given current technology and detection techniques.
description: 9 figure, 8 pages