cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Norms-Based Approach to Sustaining Integration
Creators: name: Waldeck, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: School integration
subject: Suburbs
subject: Social norms
subject: Human behavior--Research

description: Headlines about racial polarization and a country divided obscure an important present opportunity: racial integration initiated by local community choice. These local contexts have national significance in light of census data showing that American suburbs and exurbs are perfectly positioned to integrate and can do so through local choice irrespective of what occurs at the federal level. However, integration is not preordained. Census data shows segregation decreasing within some large cities but increasing in metropolitan areas as a whole. When Blacks move to the suburbs, Whites flee to locations ever farther from the city’s center. Suburbs and exurbs, not cities, are the new ground zero for integration efforts. The stakes are high: Ferguson, Missouri, home of the 2014 protests, is a suburb from which sixty-two percent of the White population fled between 1990 and 2010. Using empirical fieldwork from a Chicago suburb that successfully integrated in the 1970’s, this Article sheds light on how norms and other behavioral phenomena fuel the dynamics of integration. When a community deliberately chooses to integrate, it generates norms that foster and sustain integration. As a norm weaves itself into the fabric of the community, it becomes even more powerful than law. The norm helps ensure that individuals within the community make integration-affirming choices, even when those choices are costly. When the norm is visible to those outside the community, it attracts new members who value integration and are likely to support the policies that foster it. Once suburbs and exurbs opt for integration instead of White flight, norms and other mainstays of behavioral law and economics allow integration to perpetuate.
Transitions in Gambling Participation During Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Creators: name: Bray, Bethany C.
name: Lee, Grace P.
name: Liu, Weiwei
name: Storr, Carla L.
name: Ialongo, Nicholas S.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Gambling
Compulsive gambling
Mental health
Health behavior in adolescence

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine transitions in gambling participation from late adolescence into emerging adulthood and to identify factors (i.e., gender, race, intervention status, lunch status, conduct disorder, parental monitoring, neighborhood environment, and substance use) that might influence these transitions. Methods: Markov modeling was used to describe the movement between past-year gambling states (i.e., nongambling and gambling) across 5 years. Annual data on the past-year gambling behavior and substance use were collected from 515 young men and women starting at the age of 17 years. Results: Past-year gambling declined from 51% prevalence at the age of 17 years to 21% prevalence at the age of 22 years. Participants who reported no past-year gambling at a particular annual assessment had more than an 80% probability of also reporting no past-year gambling at the following assessment. Men were 1.07–2.82 times more likely than women to transition from past-year nongambling to gambling year to year, and women were 1.27–5.26 times more likely than men to transition from past-year gambling to nongambling year to year. In addition, gender and past-year tobacco use interacted such that men who used tobacco were most likely (and men who did not use tobacco least likely) to gamble at baseline. Conclusions: Transition rates between gambling states appear to be relatively stable over time from late adolescence into emerging adulthood; however, men and those who engage in substance use may be at an increased risk of gambling participation.
Observation of the fine structure for rovibronic spectral lines in visible part of emission spectra of $D_2$
Creators: name: Lavrov, B. P.
name: Umrikhin, I. S.
name: Zhukov, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time in visible part of the $D_2$ emission spectrum the pseudo doublets representing partly resolved fine structure of rovibronic lines have been observed. They are characterized by splitting values about 0.2 cm$^{-1}$ and relative intensity of the doublet components close to 2.0. It is shown that they are determined by triplet splitting in lower rovibronic levels of various $^3Λ_g^\pm \to c^3Π_u^-$ electronic transitions. It is proposed to use an existence of such partly resolved fine structure patterns for identification of numerous unassigned spectral lines of the $D_2$ molecule coming from great variety of triplet "gerade" electronic states to vibro-rotational levels of the $c^3Π_u^-$ state.
description: 6 pages, including 2 figures and 1 table; submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett
Mechanism of Future Spring Drying in the Southwest U.S. in CMIP5 Models
Creators: name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Seager, Richard
name: Li, Cuihua
name: Liu, Haibo
name: Henderson, Naomi L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Climatic changes
Hydrologic cycle
Climatology

description: The net surface water budget, precipitation minus evaporation (P-E), shows a clear seasonal cycle in the American Southwest with net gain of surface water (positive P-E) in the cold half of the year (October to March) and net loss of water (negative P-E) in the warm half (April – September), with June and July being the driest months of the year. There is a significant shift of the summer drying toward earlier in the year under a CO2 warming scenario, resulting in substantial spring drying (MAM) of the American Southwest, from the near-term future to the end of the current Century with gradually increasing magnitude. While the spring drying has been identified in previous studies, its mechanism has not been fully addressed. Using moisture budget analysis, we found that the drying is mainly due to decreased mean moisture convergence, partially compensated by the increase in transient eddy moisture flux convergence. The decreased mean moisture convergence is further separated into components due to changes in circulation (dynamic changes) and changes in atmospheric moisture content (thermodynamic changes). The drying is found to be dominated by the thermodynamic driven changes in column averaged moisture convergence, due mainly to increased dry zonal advection caused by the climatological land-ocean thermal contrast, rather than by the well-known “dry get drier” mechanism. Furthermore, the enhanced dry advection in the warming climate is dominated by the robust zonal mean atmospheric warming, leading to equally robust spring drying in Southwest US.
title: Ecosystem-based fisheries yields for Georges Bank
Creators: name: Steele, John
name: Gifford, Dian
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Energy flow between, and competition within, trophic levels are principal processes prescribing community abundance and structure. Neither of these directly determines the potential fishery yield of particular stocks in the fish community, but together they can constrain the expected yields from individual species. An end-to-end budget for Georges Bank is used to determine the plankton and benthos production available for the three predator guilds, planktivores, benthivores and piscivores, under a range of scenarios describing possible climatic changes and habitat disturbances. Species-abundance rankings set limits to the relative abundance of fish stocks, and generate measures of community response, without identifying the species. Together the requirements imposed by food web fluxes, and by patterns of relative abundance, provide constraints on the species that can be dominant within the fish community. These constraints can be used to set limits to ecosystem-based yields (EBY) under a range of possible management scenarios; these limits, in turn, provide a comparison with the usual estimates of maximum sustainable yields (MSY). The overall conclusion is that MSY defines changes required in particular stocks. Whereas EBY determines the changes required in the rest of the ecosystem to realize these yields.
Halsey House: Historic Structure Report
Creators: name: Hefner, Robert
Publisher: name: The Village of East Hampton
Year: 2014
Subjects: Architectural & site components
Architectural drawings
Structural drawings
Structures
Buildings
Halsey Family

description: This is a historic structure report of the Halsey House located on South Main Street, Southampton, N.Y. done by Robert Hefner for The Village of East Hampton. This report was loaned to the Long Island Collection for digitization purposes.
title: Qualitative food-web modelling for predicting the joined directions of change of population and community indicators: identifying dominant process changes as a step towards an EAF
Creators: name: Trenkel, V.M.
name: Rochet, M-J.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Qualitative models of food-webs are not fully parameterised, instead they only include the sign of the relationships. We constructed simple food-web models with harvesting on two trophic levels and predicted expected changes in the case of press perturbations imitating bottom up (environment) or top-down (fishing) process changes. Single and multiple press perturbation experiments were carried out. It is shown that for a simple food chain, single process changes lead to unique combinations of expected changes in four indicators representing predator and prey abundance and their life expectancies. In the case of simultaneous changes of fishing pressure and resource productivity, the detectability of changes in fishing pressure depends on model parameters, in particular for changing fishing effort on predators. Changes in fishing effort on preys are expected to be confounded with simultaneous changes in resource productivity (dominant bottom-up driver.) Introducing omnivory into the food web did not generally change the conclusions but made predictions more ambiguous. We outline a method for using combined time trends in community metrics to identify, among the known changing pressures, which are the most likely to have had an impact on predator and prey functional groups, and thus, which kind of action should be taken to mitigate these changes within an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF)
Role of external fields in enhancing long-distance entanglement at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Kuwahara, Tomotaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the end-to-end entanglement of a general XYZ-spin chain at the non-zero temperatures. The entanglement usually vanishes at a certain critical temperature $T_c$, but external fields can make $T_c$ higher. We obtain a general statement on the increase of the critical temperature $T_c$ by the external fields. We prove that if the two end spins are separated by two spins or more, the critical temperature cannot be higher than a certain finite temperature $bar{T}_c$ ($T_c le bar{T}_c$), that is, the entanglement must vanish above the temperature $bar{T}_c$ for any values of the external fields. On the other hand, if the two end spins are separated by one spin, the entanglement maximized by the external fields exhibits a power law decay of the temperature, being finite at any temperatures. In order to demonstrate the former case, we numerically calculate the temperature $bar{T}_c$ in $XX$ and XY four-spin chains. We find that the temperature $bar{T}_c$ shows qualitatively different behavior, depending on the conservation of the angular momentum in the $z$ direction.
description: 20pages, 3figures
Asymmetric Dark Matter May Alter the Evolution of Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Zentner, Andrew R.
name: Hearin, Andrew P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study energy transport by asymmetric dark matter in the interiors of very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. Our motivation is to explore astrophysical signatures of asymmetric dark matter, which otherwise may not be amenable to conventional indirect dark matter searches. In viable models, the additional cooling of very-low mass stellar cores can alter stellar properties. Asymmetric dark matter with mass 4 < Mx/GeV < 10 and a spin-dependent (spin-independent) cross sections of sigma \sim 10^{-37} cm^2 (sigma \sim 10^{-40} cm^2) can increase the minimum mass of main sequence hydrogen burning, partly determining whether or not the object is a star at all. Similar dark matter candidates reduce the luminosities of low-mass stars and accelerate the cooling of brown dwarfs. Such light dark matter is of particular interest given results from the DAMA, CoGeNT, and CRESST dark matter searches. We discuss possibilities for observing dark matter effects in stars in the solar neighborhood, globular clusters, and, of particular promise, local dwarf galaxies, among other environments, as well as exploiting these effects to constrain dark matter properties.
description: 6 Pages, 4 Figures. Accepted for Publication in Phys. Rev. D Rapid Communications
Thoman Moran's Outbuildings at The Studio: Historic Structure Report
Creators: name: Hefner, Robert
Publisher: name: The Village of East Hampton
Year: 2010
Subjects: Moran, Mary Nimmo, 1842-1899
Architectural & site components
Architectural drawings
Structural drawings
Structures
Buildings

description: This is a historic structure report of the outbuildings located at Thomas Moran's Studio done by Robert Hefner for The Village of East Hampton. This report was loaned to the Long Island Collection for digitization purposes.
Gambling and sexual behaviors in African-American adolescents
Creators: name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Lee, Grace P.
name: Kim, June H.
name: Letourneau, Elizabeth
name: Storr, Carla L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Gambling
Compulsive gambling
African American teenagers
African American teenagers--Sexual behavior
African American teenagers--Health and hygiene
Teenagers--Sexual behavior

description: Objectives: Late adolescence represents a developmental risk period when many youth become involved in multiple forms of high-risk behaviors with adverse consequences. This study assessed the degree to which two such behaviors, adolescent sexual behaviors and gambling, were associated in a community-based sample with a large African-American presence. Study design: Data are derived from a cohort study. This study focuses on 427 African-American participants with complete information on gambling and sexual behaviors by age 18 (72% of original cohort). Gambling involvement and related problems were based on responses to the South Oaks Gambling Screen — Revised for Adolescents. Several questions assessed sexual behaviors, including age of initiation. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographics, intervention status, impulsivity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and alcohol and illegal drug use. Results: Almost half of the sample (49%, n = 211) had gambled at least once before age 18. More gamblers than non-gamblers had initiated sexual intercourse by age 18 (aOR: 2.29 [1.16, 4.52]). Among those who had initiated sexual activity, more gamblers than non-gamblers with high impulsivity levels at age 13 (vs. low impulsivity levels) had become pregnant or had impregnated someone. Among those who had initiated sexual activity by age 18, more male gamblers had impregnated someone by age 18 as compared to female gamblers becoming pregnant. Conclusions: Gambling and sexual behaviors often co-occur among adolescents. Such findings prompt the need for the inclusion of gambling, an often overlooked risky behavior, in behavioral prevention/intervention programs targeting adolescents.
Fast Adjustments of the Asian Summer Monsoon to Anthropogenic Aerosol
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoqiong
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Lee, Dong Eun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Climatic changes
Aerosols--Environmental aspects
Monsoons--Forecasting
Ocean-atmosphere interaction

description: Anthropogenic aerosols are a major factor contributing to human-induced climate change, particularly over the densely populated Asian monsoon region. Understanding the physical processes controlling the aerosol-induced changes in monsoon rainfall is essential for reducing the uncertainties in the future projections of the hydrological cycle. Here we use multiple coupled and atmospheric general circulation models to explore the physical mechanisms for the aerosol-driven monsoon changes on different time scales. We show that anthropogenic aerosols induce an overall reduction in monsoon rainfall and circulation, which can be largely explained by the fast adjustments over land north of 20∘N. This fast response occurs before changes in sea surface temperature (SST), largely driven by aerosol-cloud interactions. However, aerosol-induced SST feedbacks (slow response) cause substantial changes in the monsoon meridional circulation over the oceanic regions. Both the land-ocean asymmetry and meridional temperature gradient are key factors in determining the overall monsoon circulation response.
Latent class analysis of non-opioid dependent illegal pharmaceutical opioid users in Ohio
Creators: name: Carlson, Robert G.
name: Nahhas, Ramzi W.
name: Daniulaityte, Raminta
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Li, Linna
name: Falck, Russel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Medication abuse
Opioids
Opioid abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
Drug abuse

description: Background: Increases in non-medical use of pharmaceutical opioids in the U.S. have resulted in increases in opioid dependence and unintentional overdose deaths. We characterize heterogeneity in opioid use patterns among a community-based sample of 18–23 year-olds who use non-medical pharmaceutical opioids, yet are not opioid dependent. Methods: Respondent-driven sampling recruited 390 participants. Latent class analysis stratified by racial/ethnic group identified subgroups of non-medical opioid users based on: six-month frequency of use; number of opioid disorder criteria; oral vs. non-oral administration; number of types of opioids used; use of CNS depressants while under using opioids; and reason for opioid use. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the significance of covariates in predicting class membership. Results: Within whites and non-white groups, three classes emerged that were, generally, hierarchically ordered with respect to negative characteristics associated with non-medical opioid use. Within each group, the class with the least negative characteristics also had the highest proportion of individuals who use opioids only to self-medicate a health problem. Within each group's three classes, a larger proportion who had ≥2 opioid abuse and dependence disorder criteria always coincided with a larger proportion who use opioids ≥ 3 days per week, a larger proportion who used CNS depressants while under the influence of opioids, and a smaller proportion who used opioids only to self-medicate. Conclusion: Differences in patterns of opioid use within each racial/ethnic group of young people who are not opioid dependent suggest the need for tailored interventions designed to reduce the risk of transition to opioid dependence.
Fast and efficient exact synthesis of single qubit unitaries generated by Clifford and T gates
Creators: name: Kliuchnikov, Vadym
name: Maslov, Dmitri
name: Mosca, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we show the equivalence of the set of unitaries computable by the circuits over the Clifford and T library and the set of unitaries over the ring $\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},i]$, in the single-qubit case. We report an efficient synthesis algorithm, with an exact optimality guarantee on the number of Hadamard and T gates used. We conjecture that the equivalence of the sets of unitaries implementable by circuits over the Clifford and T library and unitaries over the ring $\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},i]$ holds in the $n$-qubit case.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, added the proof of T-optimality of the circuits synthesized by Algorithm 1
A Chronicle in Code: The Digital Edition of the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa
Creators: name: Safaryan, Anahit
name: Andrews, Tara L.
name: Atayan, Tatevik
name: Schiwa Aliabadi-Pongratz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: In this presentation we launched publicly the SNSF-sponsored digital critical edition of the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa, an Armenian historical text of the 12th century. The presentation consists of three papers. The first covers the edition itself and its digital model, demonstrating the extent and limits of philology formalised in computer code. The second paper discusses our work in untangling the often confused chronology within the text, and how it is supported by our edition model. The final paper will look at the transmission of the Chronicle, and the circumstances around its wide proliferation in the 17th century in particular.
miRNA independent hepacivirus variants suggest a strong evolutionary pressure to maintain miR-122 dependence
Creators: name: Yu, Yingpu
name: Scheel, Troels K. H.
name: Luna, Joseph M.
name: Chung, Hachung
name: Nishiuchi, Eiko
name: Scull, Margaret A.
name: Echeverria, Natalia
name: Ricardo-Lax, Inna
name: Kapoor, Amit
name: Lipkin, W. Ian
name: Divers, Thomas J.
name: Antczak, Douglas F.
name: Tennant, Bud C.
name: Rice, Charles M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: MicroRNA
Hepatitis C virus
Tropisms
Immunity

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) requires the liver specific micro-RNA (miRNA), miR-122, to replicate. This was considered unique among RNA viruses until recent discoveries of HCV-related hepaciviruses prompting the question of a more general miR-122 dependence. Among hepaciviruses, the closest known HCV relative is the equine non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV). Here, we used Argonaute cross-linking immunoprecipitation (AGO-CLIP) to confirm AGO binding to the single predicted miR-122 site in the NPHV 5’UTR in vivo. To study miR-122 requirements in the absence of NPHV-permissive cell culture systems, we generated infectious NPHV/HCV chimeric viruses with the 5’ end of NPHV replacing orthologous HCV sequences. These chimeras were viable even in cells lacking miR-122, although miR-122 presence enhanced virus production. No other miRNAs bound this region. By random mutagenesis, we isolated HCV variants partially dependent on miR-122 as well as robustly replicating NPHV/HCV variants completely independent of any miRNAs. These miRNA independent variants even replicate and produce infectious particles in non-hepatic cells after exogenous delivery of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Our findings suggest that miR-122 independent HCV and NPHV variants have arisen and been sampled during evolution, yet miR-122 dependence has prevailed. We propose that hepaciviruses may use this mechanism to guarantee liver tropism and exploit the tolerogenic liver environment to avoid clearance and promote chronicity.
The abelian sandpile model on a random binary tree
Creators: name: Redig, Frank
name: Saada, Ellen
name: Ruszel, Wioletta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the abelian sandpile model on a random binary tree. Using a transfer matrix approach introduced by Dhar & Majumdar, we prove exponential decay of correlations, and in a small supercritical region (i.e., where the branching process survives with positive probability) exponential decay of avalanche sizes. This shows a phase transition phenomenon between exponential decay and power law decay of avalanche sizes. Our main technical tools are: (1) A recursion for the ratio between the numbers of weakly and strongly allowed configurations which is proved to have a well-defined stochastic solution; (2) quenched and annealed estimates of the eigenvalues of a product of $n$ random transfer matrices.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
Quantum Gravity Constraints on Inflation
Creators: name: Conlon, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum gravity constraints on inflationary model building. Our approach is based on requiring the entropy associated to a given inflationary model to be less than that of the de Sitter entropy. We give two prescriptions for determining the inflationary entropy, based on either `bits per unit area' or entanglement entropy. The existence of transPlanckian flat directions, necessary for large tensor modes in the CMB, correlates with an inflationary entropy greater than that allowed by de Sitter space. Independently these techniques also constrain or exclude de Sitter models with large-rank gauge groups and high UV cutoffs, such as racetrack inflation or the KKLT construction.
description: 22 pages; v2 references added
title: Predator-prey overlap induced Holling type III functionalresponse in the North Sea fish assemblage
Creators: name: Kempf, Alexander
name: Floeter, Jens
name: Temming, Axel
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Understanding the response of predator populations to varying prey fields is a prerequisite to understand prey population dynamics and to correctly parameterise multi species stock assessment or ecosystem models. Previous analyses on the large scale feeding response of predator populations, however, came to unrealistic results for the North Sea. The observed feeding response types (e.g., negative prey switching) would lead to the extinction of prey populations when becoming scarce. We analysed the large scale response of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) populations to varying prey fields using Generalised Additive Models (GAMs). Thereby, we took changes in predator-prey overlap explicitly into account in contrast to previous analyses. The composition of the prey field and changes in predator prey overlap had significant effects on the diet composition in the final GAM explaining 65.0% of the variance. The existence of a large scale prey refuge at low prey abundances as proposed by the Holling type III functional response could be demonstrated from field data. The refuge was not only caused by an active prey switching behaviour of the predators. It was also caused by a passive change in the availability of prey due to changes in predator-prey overlap associated with changes in the prey abundance. In addition, a rapid increase in relative stomach contents was observed, if the prey populations passed the abundance threshold of the prey refuge. At even higher abundances a saturation effect in relative stomach contents was detected. These findings support the predator pit theory.
Parental monitoring trajectories and gambling among a longitudinal cohort of urban youth
Creators: name: Lee, Grace P.
name: Stuart, Elizabeth A.
name: Ialongo, Nicholas S.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Gambling
Compulsive gambling
Health behavior in adolescence
Urban youth
Parenting

description: Aim: To test the strength of the association between parental monitoring trajectories throughout early adolescence (ages 11–14) and gambling behaviours by young adulthood (age 22). Design: Longitudinal cohort design. Setting: Baltimore, Maryland. Participants: The sample of 514 participants with gambling data between ages 16–22 and parental monitoring data between ages 11–14 were predominantly African American and received subsidized lunches at age 6. Measurements: The South Oaks Gambling Screen and South Oaks Gambling Screen–Revised for Adolescents collected self-reports on annual gambling and gambling problems between ages 16–22. The Parental Monitoring Subscale of the Structured Interview of Parent Management Skills and Practices–Youth Version collected self-reports on annual parental monitoring between ages 11–14. Findings: General growth mixture modelling identified two parental monitoring trajectories: (i) ‘stable’ class (84.9%) began with a high level of parental monitoring at age 11 that remained steady to age 14; (ii) ‘declining’ class (15.1%) began with a significantly lower level of parental monitoring at age 11 and experienced a significant to through age 14. The declining class had increased significantly unadjusted (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.23; P ≤ 0.001) and adjusted (aOR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.99; P = 0.01) odds of problem gambling compared with non-gambling. Conclusion: Low and/or declining parental monitoring of children between the ages of 11 and 14 is associated significantly with problem gambling when those children reach young adulthood.
Hybrid quantum circuits: Superconducting circuits interacting with other quantum systems
Creators: name: Xiang, Ze-Liang
name: Ashhab, Sahel
name: You, J. Q.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid quantum circuits combine two or more physical systems, with the goal of harnessing the advantages and strengths of the different systems in order to better explore new phenomena and potentially bring about novel quantum technologies. This article presents a brief overview of the progress achieved so far in the field of hybrid circuits involving atoms, spins and solid-state devices (including superconducting and nanomechanical systems). How these circuits combine elements from atomic physics, quantum optics, condensed matter physics, and nanoscience is discussed, and different possible approaches for integrating various systems into a single circuit are presented. In particular, hybrid quantum circuits can be fabricated on a chip, facilitating their future scalability, which is crucial for building future quantum technologies, including quantum detectors, simulators, and computers.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables
Exploring differences in functional connectivity between senior fallers and non-fallers
Creators: name: Hsu, Chun Liang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Background: Falls among seniors are a major health issue. About 30% of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older experience one or more falls per year. Although not all falls lead to injury, 20% require medical attention and 5% result in fracture. Fall-related injuries are the leading cause of mortality due to unintentional injuries among those 65 and older. Key falls risk factors are categorized into physical factors (e.g. gait speed, balance, muscle strength, etc.) and neurocognitive factors (e.g. cognitive performance, brain volume, etc.). To date, few studies have examined the brain function on falls risk. My thesis explores this question through functional connectivity MRI analysis. Method: A cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study consisted of 44 (23 non-fallers and 21 fallers) community dwelling older adults. Participants performed the finger tapping motor task and I examined for differences in functional connectivity of four age-related neural networks: default mode network (DMN), fronto-executive network (FE), fronto-parietal network (FP), and motor network (Mot). Results: Significant between-group differences were identified in between-network functional connectivity. Fallers showed decreased connectivity between the FP network and Mot network (p<0.05) and increased connectivity between the FP network and DMN (p=0.04). No significant within-network differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Results from this study extend our current knowledge on the neural basis of falls in community-dwelling older adults, and suggest a history of falls is associated with disruptions in neural network patterns that are undetectable by traditional clinical testing. Thus, a history of falls may be an early clinical biomarker for dementia risk. Future research is required to examine the directionality of this relationship as well as explore innovative falls-prevention strategies.
Strong Isotopic Effect in Phase II of Dense Solid Hydrogen and Deuterium
Creators: name: Geneste, Grégory
name: Torrent, Marc
name: Bottin, François
name: Loubeyre, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum nuclear zero-point motions in solid H$_2$ and D$_2$ under pressure are investigated at 80 K up to 160 GPa by first-principles path-integral molecular dynamics calculations. Molecular orientations are well-defined in phase II of D$_2$, while solid H$_2$ exhibits large and very asymmetric angular quantum fluctuations in this phase, with possible rotation in the (bc) plane, making it difficult to associate a well-identified single classical structure. The mechanism for the transition to phase III is also described. Existing structural data support this microscopic interpretation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: The Trophic Spectrum : a tool for assessing the effects of fishing on marine ecosystems at a global scale
Creators: name: LeClerc, Melen
name: Gascuel, Didier
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The present study is based on the EcoTroph model (Gascuel 2005, Gascuel et al. 2009), which is proposed as a plug-in module of the Ecopath with Ecosim software (EwE version 6). This model provides a simplified picture of ecosystem functioning; it allows users to represent the distribution of the ecosystem biomass as a function of trophic levels, and to analyse or simulate fishing impact in a very synthetic way.
DSM-5 latent classes of alcohol users in a population-based sample: Results from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, Brazil
Creators: name: Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
name: Silveira, Camila M.
name: Siu, Erica R.
name: Wang, Yuan-Pang
name: Milhorança, Igor A.
name: Alexandrino-Silva, Clóvis
name: Borges, Guilherme
name: Viana, Maria C.
name: Andrade, Arthur G.
name: Andrade, Laura H.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Substance abuse
Substance abuse--Epidemiology
Alcoholism
Alcoholism--Research--Methodology
Alcoholism--Research

description: Background: We aimed to identify different categorical phenotypes based upon the DSM-V criteria of alcohol use disorders (AUD) among alcohol users who had at least one drink per week in the past year (n = 948). Methods: Data are from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey collected in 2005–2007, as part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. A latent class analysis of the 11 DSM-5-AUD criteria was performed using Mplus, taking into account complex survey design features. Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine demographic correlates of the DSM-5-AUD latent classes. Results: The best latent-class model was a three-class model. We found a “non-symptomatic class” (69.7%), a “use in larger amounts class” (23.2%), defined by high probability (>70%) of the “use in larger amounts” criterion only, and a “high-moderate symptomatic class” (7.1%), defined by high-moderate probability of all the 11 AUD criteria. Compared to those in the non-symptomatic class, individuals in the “high-moderate symptomatic class” were more likely to have been married, have lower educational attainment and to be unemployed or in non-regular/informal employment. Those on the “use in larger amounts class” were more likely to have been married or never married. Conclusion: The two symptomatic classes clearly represented the dimensionality of the new proposed AUD criteria, and could be more specifically targeted by different prevention or treatment strategies. DSM-5-AUD has the advantage of shedding light on risky drinkers included in the “use in larger amounts class”, allowing for preventive interventions, which will reach a large number of individuals.
Az egyetem peremén. A DE GYFK hallgatói bázisának szociokulturális háttere
Creators: name: Bocsi, Veronika
name: Csercsa, Zsuzsanna
name: Csobay, Vanessza
name: Karmacsi, Kitti
name: Kreidl, Edina
name: Kőszegi, Ildikó
name: Pálfi, Regina
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2017

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 3. issue 4. ISSN 2498-5368
Quantum spin liquid in frustrated one dimensional LiCuSbO4
Creators: name: Dutton, S. E.
name: Kumar, M.
name: Mourigal, M.
name: Soos, Z. G.
name: Wen, J. -J.
name: Broholm, C. L.
name: Andersen, N. H.
name: Huang, Q.
name: Zbiri, M.
name: Toft-Petersen, R.
name: Cava, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum magnet, LiCuSbO4, with chains of edge-sharing S = 1/2 CuO6 octahedra is reported. While the Curie-Weiss constant is ferromagnetic, θ= 30 K, no phase transition or spin freezing occurs down to 100 mK. Specific heat indicates a distinct high field phase near the 12 T saturation field. Neutron scattering shows incommensurate spin correlations with q = 0.47\pm0.01π/a and places an upper limit of 70 \mueV on a potential spin gap. Exact diagonalization of easy plane S = 1/2 chains with competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions (J1 = - 75 K, J2 = 34 K) accounts for the T > 2 K data.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Assessing ecosystem service provision under climate change to support conservation and development planning in Myanmar
Creators: name: Mandle, Lisa
name: Wolny, Stacie
name: Bhagabati, Nirmal
name: Helsingen, Hanna
name: Hamel, Perrine
name: Bartlett, Ryan
name: Dixon, Adam
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Lesk, Corey Samuel
name: Manley, Danielle S.
name: De Mel, Jeevani Manishka
name: Bader, Daniel A.
name: Myint, Sai Nay Won
name: Myint, Win
name: Mon, Myat Su
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Ecosystem services
Climatic changes
Sustainable development--Planning
Nature conservation

description: Inclusion of ecosystem services (ES) information into national-scale development and climate adaptation planning has yet to become common practice, despite demand from decision makers. Identifying where ES originate and to whom the benefits flow–under current and future climate conditions–is especially critical in rapidly developing countries, where the risk of ES loss is high. Here, using Myanmar as a case study, we assess where and how ecosystems provide key benefits to the country’s people and infrastructure. We model the supply of and demand for sediment retention, dry-season baseflows, flood risk reduction and coastal storm protection from multiple beneficiaries. We find that locations currently providing the greatest amount of services are likely to remain important under the range of climate conditions considered, demonstrating their importance in planning for climate resilience. Overlap between priority areas for ES provision and biodiversity conservation is higher than expected by chance overall, but the areas important for multiple ES are underrepresented in currently designated protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas. Our results are contributing to development planning in Myanmar, and our approach could be extended to other contexts where there is demand for national-scale natural capital information to shape development plans and policies.
title: Journal Bildende Kunst.Gestaltung.Musik.Bühne.Wissen
Creators: name: Universität Der Künste Berlin
Publisher: name: Verlag der Universität der Künste
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 7 Künste und Unterhaltung

description: Ausgabe 20 (2023, Frühling)
description: Journal Bildende Kunst.Gestaltung.Musik.Bühne.Wissen; 2023, Frühling
title: Reversing the Match-mismatch relationship: the prey point of view
Creators: name: Durant, Joël M.
name: Hjermann, Dag Ø.
name: Stenseth, Nils Chr.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session P
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Climate influences populations through a variety of processes. One mechanism that may be particularly important is the role of climate in disrupting un-equally the phenology of the predator and prey in a food chain. The match-mismatch hypothesis, referring to the development and survival of a predator is affected by the synchrony with its prey is used to describe climate effects on ecological patterns and processes in both terrestrial and marine systems. We expand on the match-mismatch hypothesis by considering the simple statement: “what is bad for the predator should be good for the prey”. In other word we reversed the output of the match-mismatch hypothesis, i.e., the increase of the asynchrony lead to a better survival/recruitment for the prey. We tested the theoretical model using GAM models on marine time series. We showed that the effect of predators on prey in the top-down controlled ecosystems can be modified by the degree of asynchrony. We discuss this result in light of the increase of amplitude of year-to-year variations in phenology linked to climate change.
Astronomy and astrophysics with gravitational waves in the Advanced Detector Era
Creators: name: Weinstein, Alan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advanced gravitational wave detectors coming on line in the next 5 years, we expect to make the first detections of gravitational waves from astrophysical sources, and study the properties of the waves themselves as tests of General Relativity. In addition, these gravitational waves will be powerful tools for the study of their astrophysical sources and source populations. They carry information that is quite complementary to what can be learned from electromagnetic or neutrino observations, probing the central gravitational engines that power the electromagnetic emissions. Preparations are being made to enable near-simultaneous observations of both gravitational wave and electromagnetic observations of transient sources, using low-latency search pipelines and rapid sky localization. We will review the many opportunities for multi-messenger astronomy and astrophysics with gravitational waves enabled by the advanced detectors, and the preparations that are being made to quickly and fully exploit them.
description: 10 pages, no figures. Submitted to the proceedings of the 9th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, and the 2011 Numerical Relativity - Data Analysis (NRDA) meeting, held 10-15 July 2011 in Cardiff, Wales, UK, July 10-15 2011 (Special issue of CQG). Updated in response to CQG referees and CQG proofs. Accepted by CQG
Pubertal timing in girls and depression: A systematic review
Creators: name: Galvao, Tais F.
name: Silva, Marcus T.
name: Zimmermann, Ivan R.
name: Souza, Kathiaja M.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Pereira, Mauricio G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Depression, Mental
Mental health
Girls--Mental health
Puberty--Psychological aspects

description: Background: Because the incidence of depression increases after puberty, it is possible that pubertal timing in girls influences the onset of depression. Our objective was to assess the effect of early and late puberty in girls on the incidence of depression. Methods: We systematically searched relevant databases for controlled studies that assessed the impact of pubertal timing in girls on the incidence of depression or depressive symptoms. The last search was completed in August 2013. Two authors selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the evidence. Meta-analyses of the adjusted and unadjusted results were calculated using random effects. Results: Four cohort studies were included (n=8055 participants). Early puberty significantly increased the risk of new cases of depression in the unadjusted meta-analysis (RR=1.33; CI 95%: 1.02, 1.73) but not in the adjusted estimate of two of the included studies (RR=1.48; CI 95%: 0.69, 2.28). For late puberty, no significant associations were found (unadjusted RR=1.28; CI 95%: 0.87, 1.88). Two studies assessed the effect of early puberty on depressive symptoms and found positive associations. The quality of the available evidence was rated as very low. Limitations: The polled results had wide confidence intervals, and the available evidence was of very low quality. Conclusions: The available evidence supports little confidence regarding the impact of pubertal timing on the onset of depression in girls but suggests that early puberty in girls may increase the risk of depression. Further higher quality studies are needed to clarify the association between pubertal timing and the incidence of depression in girls and women.
Use transition between illegal drugs among Brazilian university students
Creators: name: Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Garcia De Oliveira, Lúcio
name: Van Laar, Margriet
name: Andrade, Arthur G.
name: Nicastri, Sérgio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
Brazilian students
College students--Drug use
Inhalant abuse
Marijuana

description: Purpose: The aim of the present study was to test whether the first use of an illicit drug increases the chance of first use of other illicit drugs. Method: The transitions from the first use of a drug to the first use of another drug were analyzed. Comparisons were made between first drug users and non-users. Survival analysis methods were used to compare the cumulative probability of second drug use after adjusting for socio-demographic covariates and the intermediate use of alcohol and/or tobacco. A total of 12,721 Brazilian university students participated in this study. Results: Inhalants and marijuana were used prior to the use of several other drugs, whereas the opposite pattern was not found. Ecstasy was used before other drugs in several instances. Other well-examined drugs, such as amphetamines, cocaine and hallucinogens, were used both before and after other illicit drugs without any marked predominance for either of the two roles. Conclusions: This study supports the role of the use of marijuana and inhalants almost exclusively before the use of other illicit drugs, whereas the use of ecstasy has an opposite role. These roles could be linked to the prevalence of lifetime use and whether individuals were at an earlier or later age during experimentation.