cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comment on "Optical detection of transverse spin-Seebeck effect in permalloy film using Sagnac interferometer microscopy"
Creators: name: Kimling, Johannes
name: Kuschel, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring spin currents and spin accumulations is challenging. This is mainly because of their small size and the lack of a standard spin detector comparable to conventional ampere meters or voltage detectors. It is all the more pleasing to hear about new methods for detecting spin currents and spin accumulations. A recent example is the paper of McLaughlin et al. [Phys. Rev. B 95, 180401 (2017)], who report novel measurements of the transverse spin-Seebeck effect (TSSE) in metals by optical means using a Sagnac interferometer microscope. However, because no standard procedures or reference measurements are available for verification, critical discussions are crucial for evaluation of such novel experimental approaches. In our comment, we estimate the size of the effect observed by McLaughlin et al. To illustrate that the estimated size is exceptionally large, we use a comparison with another spin-caloritronic effect: the spin-dependent Seebeck effect. Such a large TSSE is in contradiction with previous experiments that could not resolve a TSSE signal. Therefore, we suggest that signal measured by McLaughlin et al. is not or not only caused by the TSSE.
Limitations to the energy resolution of single-photon sensitive Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors
Creators: name: De Lucia, Mario
name: Ulbricht, Gerhard
name: Baldwin, Eoin
name: Piercy, Jack
name: Bracken, Colm
name: Creaner, Oisin
name: Ray, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the energy resolution of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs), and models some limiting factors to it. Energy resolution is a measure of the smallest possible difference in energy of the impinging photons, Delta E, that the detector can identify and is of critical importance for many applications. Limits to the energy resolution cause by the Fano effect, amplifier noise, current inhomogeneities, and readout sampling frequency are taken into consideration for this model. This paper describes an approach to combine all of these limitations and predict a wavelength dependency of the upper limit to the resolving power.
100% Reliable Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Pulse-Retrieval Algorithmic Approach
Creators: name: Jafari, Rana
name: Trebino, Rick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is widely used to measure ultrashort laser pulses, also providing an excellent indication of pulse-shape instabilities by disagreement between measured and retrieved FROG traces. FROG, however, requires -- but currently lacks -- an extremely reliable pulse-retrieval algorithm. So, this work provides one. It uses a simple procedure for directly retrieving the precise pulse spectrum from the measured trace. Additionally, it implements a multi-grid scheme, also quickly yielding a vastly improved guess for the spectral phase before implementing the entire measured trace. As a result, it achieves 100% convergence for the three most common variants of FROG for pulses with time-bandwidth products as high as 100, even with traces contaminated with noise. Here we consider the polarization-gate (PG) and transient-grating (TG) variants of FROG, which measure amplified, UV, and broadly tunable pulses. Convergence occurs for all of the >20,000 simulated noisy PG/TG FROG traces considered and is also faster.
New diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium pachycentrum Hemsl
Creators: name: Yan, Yuan-Feng
name: Wang, Ya-Rong
name: Jiang, Hong-Jun
name: Ding, Zong-Bao
name: Yin, Tian-Peng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Six diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, pachycentine (1), deacetylswinanine A (2), siwanine A (3), tatsiensine (4), deacetyltatsiensine (5), and 6-deoxydeltamine (6), were isolated from a China-specific Delphinium plant (family Ranunculaceae), Delphinium pachycentrum Hemsl. Their structures were established via detailed spectroscopic analyses, including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Pachycentine (1) is a previously undescribed hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloid, and compounds 5 and 6 were synthetic intermediates newly identified as natural products. In addition, compounds 2–4 were isolated from this species for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of all the isolates was summarized. Moreover, the new compound was evaluated for its potential anti-inflammatory effect using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
ПРАВА И СВОБОДЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В КОНСТИТУЦИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН
Creators: name: Азизова, Лазиза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Настоящий тезис посвящен анализу прав и свобод человека, закрепленных в Конституции Республики Узбекистан. Исследование рассматривает классификацию прав, механизмы их защиты и соответствие международным стандартам. Использован метод контент-анализа конституционных норм и официальных правовых актов. В результате выявлены основные категории прав и свобод, включая личные, политические, экономические и культурные права. Также рассмотрены существующие вызовы и перспективы их реализации.
Comparison of fragmentation functions for light-quark- and gluon-dominated jets from $pp$ and Pb+Pb collisions in ATLAS
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged-particle fragmentation functions for jets azimuthally balanced by a high-transverse-momentum, prompt, isolated photon are measured in $25$ pb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ and $0.49$ nb$^{-1}$ of Pb+Pb collision data at $5.02$ TeV per nucleon pair recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo generators and to measurements of inclusively selected jets. In $pp$ collisions, a different jet fragmentation function in photon-tagged events from that in inclusive jet events arises from the difference in fragmentation between light quarks and gluons. The ratios of the fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb events to that in $pp$ events are used to explore the parton color-charge dependence of jet quenching in the hot medium. In relatively peripheral collisions, fragmentation functions exhibit a similar modification pattern for photon-tagged and inclusive jets. However, photon-tagged jets are observed to have larger modifications than inclusive jets in central Pb+Pb events.
description: 29 pages in total, author list starting page 13, 3 figures, no tables,final version in Physics Review Letters. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2017-08/
Intelligent Detection and Filtering of Swarm Noise from Drone Acquired LiDAR Data using PointPillars
Creators: name: Dow, Alexander
name: Manduhu, Manduhu
name: DOOLY, GERARD
name: Trslic, Petar
name: Blanck, Benjamin
name: Knox, Callum
name: Riordan, James
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: We present an approach to removing swarm selfnoise from airborne LiDAR data using the point-based PointPillars deep learning neural network (DNN) which was trained to detect and localize drones. The use of hyperlocalized swarms of survey drones can improve the productivity of maintenance inspection operations, with trajectory-based mission planning capable of mitigating air-to-air collision risk. However, even though they are strategically separated, individual drones often collect survey data that is cluttered with frequent observations of the rest of the swarm. This paper describes the proposed denoising method which was tested using LiDAR survey data collected during an inspection of a coastal railway bridge. The DNN performs favorably with respect to classical radius and statistical filtering methods. We show that a combined approach of the DNN algorithm and classical methods provides the best results, successfully removing over 99% of swarm self-noise and without any false positives when applied to a 7-million-point LiDAR dataset.
What the sudden death of solar cycles can tell us about the nature of the solar interior
Creators: name: McIntosh, Scott W.
name: Leamon, Robert J.
name: Egeland, Ricky
name: Dikpati, Mausumi
name: Fan, Yuhong
name: Rempel, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe the abrupt end of solar activity cycles at the Sun's equator by combining almost 140 years of observations from ground and space. These "terminator" events appear to be very closely related to the onset of magnetic activity belonging to the next sunspot cycle at mid-latitudes and the polar-reversal process at high-latitudes. Using multi-scale tracers of solar activity we examine the timing of these events in relation to the excitation of new activity and find that the time taken for the solar plasma to communicate this transition is of the order of one solar rotation, but could be shorter. Utilizing uniquely comprehensive solar observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) we see that this transitional event is strongly longitudinal in nature. Combined, these characteristics imply that magnetic information is communicated through the solar interior rapidly. A range of possibilities exist to explain such behavior: the presence of magnetic reconnection in the deep interior, internal gravity waves on the solar tachocline, or that the magnetic fields present in the Sun's convection zone could be very large, with a poloidal field strengths reaching 50k - considerably larger than conventional explorations of solar and stellar dynamos estimate. Regardless of mechanism responsible, the rapid timescales demonstrated by the Sun's global magnetic field reconfiguration present strong constraints on first-principles numerical simulations of the solar interior and, by extension, other stars.
description: Submitted [10/2017] to, and rejected [01/2019] by, Nature Astronomy. Accepted Solar Physics [6/1/2019]
Enantioselective dihydroxylation of xanthorrhizol from Curcuma xanthorrhiza via biotransformation using Aspergillus Niger
Creators: name: Aminudin, Nurul Iman
name: Aziz, Ahmad Amzar Abdul
name: Abidin, Zaima Azira Zainal
name: Susanti, Deny
name: Taher, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Biotransformation is acknowledged as one of the green chemistry methods to synthesis various analogues for further valorization of natural product compounds chemistry and bioactivities. It has huge advantage over chemical synthesis due to its cost-efficiency and higher selectivity. In this work, a xanthorrhizol derivatives, namely (7 R,10S)-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxyxanthorrhizol was produced in 60% yield from the biotransformation process utilizing A. niger. The structure of the compound was established by extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data. This biotransformation successfully afforded enantioselective dihydroxylation reaction via green chemistry route. This is the first report on both biotransformation of xanthorrhizol and utilization of A. niger as its biocatalyst.
A Visual Analytics Tool for Cohorts in Motion Data
Creators: name: Sheharyar, Ali
name: Ruh, Alexander
name: Valkov, Dimitar
name: Markl, Michael
name: Bouhali, Othmane
name: Linsen, Lars
Publisher: name: The Eurographics Association
Year: 2019

description: Motion data are curves over time in a 1D, 2D, or 3D space. To analyze sets of curves, machine learning methods can be applied to cluster them and detect outliers. However, often metadata or prior knowledge of the analyst drives the analysis by defining cohorts. Our goal is to provide a flexible system for comparative visual analytics of cohorts in motion data. The analyst interactively defines cohorts by filtering on metadata properties. We, then, apply machine learning and statistical methods to extract the main features of each cohort. Summarizations of these features are visually encoded using, in particular, boxplots and their extensions to functional and curve boxplots, depending on the number of selected dimensions of the space. These summarizations allow for an intuitive comparative visual analysis of cohorts in a juxtaposed or superimposed representation. Our system provides full flexibility in defining cohorts, selecting time intervals and spatial dimensions, and adjusting the aggregation level of summarizations. Comparison of an individual sample against a cohort is also supported. We demonstrate the functionality, effectiveness, and flexibility of our system by applying it to a range of diverse motion data sets.
description: Vision, Modeling and Visualization
description: Visualization and Visual Analytics
description: 151
description: 160
description: Ali Sheharyar, Alexander Ruh, Dimitar Valkov, Michael Markl, Othmane Bouhali, and Lars Linsen
Unravelling High-Energy Hadron Structures with Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Zhao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parton distribution functions are key quantities for us to understand the hadronic structures in high-energy scattering, but they are difficult to calculate from lattice QCD. Recent years have seen fast development of the large-momentum effective theory which allows extraction of the $x$-dependence of parton distribution functions from a quasi-parton distribution function that can be directly calculated on lattice. The extraction is based on a factorization formula for the quasi-parton distribution function that has been derived rigorously in perturbation theory. A systematic procedure that includes renormalization, perturbative matching, and power corrections has been established to calculate parton distribution functions. Latest progress from lattice QCD has shown promising signs that it will become an effective tool for calculating parton physics.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures. Corrected minor mistakes in Eqs.(27-28, 31-33, 35-36)
Two new cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. GDGJ-77B
Creators: name: Xu, Zhao-Long
name: Li, Ben-Chao
name: Huang, Li-Li
name: Lv, Liu-Xia
name: Luo, Yan
name: Xu, Wei-Feng
name: Yang, Rui-Yun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Two new open-chain cytochalasins, xylarchalasins A and B (1 and 2), together with six known analogues (3-8), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. GDGJ-77B from the Chinese medicinal plant Sophora tonkinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 2 displayed moderate antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 25 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively.
Quasi-periodic vs. irreversible dynamics of an optically confined Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Villain, Pierre
name: Ohberg, Patrik
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evolution of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical trap formed by a doughnut laser mode. By solving a one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation and looking at the variance and the statistical entropy associated with the position of the system we can study the dynamical behavior of the system. It is shown that for small condensates nonlinear revivals of the macroscopic wave function are expected. For sufficiently large and dense condensates irreversible dynamics takes place for which revivals of regular dynamics appear as predicted in [9]. These results are confirmed by a two dimensional simulation in which the scales of energy associated with the two different directions mimic the experimental situation.
description: 10 pages
Materiatronics: Modular analysis of arbitrary meta-atoms
Creators: name: Asadchy, Viktar
name: Tretyakov, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the paradigm of metamaterials and metasurfaces, electromagnetic properties of composite materials can be engineered by shaping or modulating their constituents, so-called meta-atoms. Synthesis and analysis of complex-shape meta-atoms with general polarization properties is a challenging task. In this paper, we demonstrate that the most general response can be conceptually decomposed into a set of basic, fundamental polarization phenomena, which enables immediate all-direction characterization of electromagnetic properties of arbitrary linear metamaterials and metasurfaces. The proposed platform of modular characterization (called "materiatronics") is tested on several examples of bianisotropic and nonreciprocal meta-atoms. As a demonstration of the potential of the modular analysis, we use it to design a single-layer metasurface of vanishing thickness with unitary circular dichroism. The analysis approach developed in this paper is supported by a ready-to-use computational code and can be further extended to meta-atoms engineered for other types of wave interactions, such as acoustics and mechanics.
description: 8 pages; 5 figures
Additional file 1: of Deconstructing networks, unearthing consensus: Diffusion of “cleaner” cookstoves in rural Himalayas of India
Creators: name: Arundhati Jagadish
name: Puneet Dwivedi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Cookstoves used in Lug Valley. (DOCX 1004 kb)
Multivalent "Attacker & Guard" Strategy for Targeting Surfaces with Low Receptor Density
Creators: name: Tito, Nicholas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multivalent particles, i.e. microscopic constructs having multiple ligands, can be used to target surfaces selectively depending on their receptor density. Typically, there is a sharp onset of multivalent binding as the receptor density exceeds a given threshold. However, the opposite case, selectively binding to surfaces with a receptor density below a given threshold, is much harder. Here, we present a simple strategy for selectively targeting a surface with a low density of receptors, within a system also having a surface with a higher density of the same receptors. Our strategy exploits competitive adsorption of two species. The first species, called "guards", are receptor-sized monovalent particles designed to occupy the high-density surface at equilibrium, while the second multivalent "attacker" species outcompetes the guards for binding onto the low-density surface. Surprisingly, the recipe for attackers and guards yields more selective binding with stronger ligand-receptor association constants, in contrast to standard multivalency. We derive explicit expressions for the attacker and guard molecular design parameters and concentrations, optimised within bounds of what is experimentally accessible, thereby facilitating implementation of the proposed approach.
Effect of noise for two interacting particles in a random potential
Creators: name: Borgonovi, Fausto
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the effect of noise on propagation of two interacting particles pairs in a quasi one--dimensional random potential. It is shown that pair diffusion is strongly enhanced by short range interaction comparing with the non--interacting case.
description: 8 Latex pages + 3 postscript figures uu- compressed submitted to Europhysics Letters
Visualizing Transport and Mixing in Particle-based Fluid Flows
Creators: name: Rapp, Tobias
name: Dachsbacher, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Eurographics Association
Year: 2019
Subjects: Human
centered computing
Scientific visualization

description: To gain insight into large, time-dependent particle-based fluid flows, we visually analyze Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), a robust skeleton of the underlying particle dynamics. To identify these coherent structures, we build on recent work that efficiently computes the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) directly on particle data. We formulate the LCS definitions for particles based on robust approximations for higher-order derivatives of the FTLE. Based on these formulations, we derive a per-particle distance to the closest coherent structure. This allows us to visually analyze and explore the Lagrangian transport behavior directly on the particle data. We show that this is especially beneficial to detect and visualize flow features on different time scales. Lastly, we apply our approach to study mixing in multiphase flows by visualizing the different types of fluids and their relation to the coherent structures.
description: Vision, Modeling and Visualization
description: Visualization and Visual Analytics
description: 161
description: 169
description: Tobias Rapp and Carsten Dachsbacher
description: CCS Concepts: Human-centered computing --> Scientific visualization
Isgur-Wise Function for $Λ_b \to Λ_c$ in B-S Approach
Creators: name: Guo, X. -H.
name: Muta, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the heavy quark limit, the heavy baryon $Λ_Q$ (Q=b or c) can be regarded as composed of a heavy quark and a scalar light diquark which has good spin and flavor quantum numbers. Based on this picture we establish the Bethe-Salpeter (B-S) equation for $Λ_Q$ in the leading order of $1/m_Q$ expansion. With the kernel containing both the scalar confinement and one-gluon-exchange terms we solve the B-S equation numerically. The Isgur-Wise function for $Λ_b \to Λ_c$ is obtained numerically from our model. Comparison with other model calculations are also presented. It seems that the Isgur-Wise function for $Λ_b \to Λ_c$ drops faster than that for $B \to D$. The differential and total decay widths for $Λ_b \to Λ_c l \barν$ are given in the limit $m_{b,c}\to \infty$.
description: 14 pages, 4 Postscript figures
SANOAT KORXONALARIDA EKOLOGIK FAVQULODDA VAZIYATLAR VA ULARNING ATROF-MUHIT HOLATIGA TA'SIRI.
Creators: name: Botirova, Barchinoy
name: Naimova, Shodiya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada nafaqat avariya sodir bo'lganda, balki korxonalarning statsionar ishlashi sharoitida yuzaga keladigan favqulodda vaziyatning shakllanishi muhokama qilinadi. Ishlab chiqarish ob'ektidagi hodisa odatda texnik qurilmalarning ishdan chiqishi yoki shikastlanishi yoki texnologik jarayondan chetga chiqishni anglatadi. Baxtsiz hodisa deb tuzilmalar yoki texnik qurilmalarning vayron bo'lishi, nazoratsiz portlash yoki xavfli moddalarning chiqishi tushuniladi. Favqulodda halokat, odamlarning sog'lig'iga zarar yetkazish, moddiy boyliklarning katta miqyosda nobud bo'lishi va tabiiy muhitga jiddiy zarar yetkazish bilan bog'liq yirik baxtsiz hodisa deb hisoblanadi.
Alternative formulation of left-right symmetry with $B-L$ conservation and purely Dirac neutrinos
Creators: name: Bolton, Patrick D.
name: Deppisch, Frank F.
name: Hati, Chandan
name: Patra, Sudhanwa
name: Sarkar, Utpal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an alternative formulation of a Left-Right Symmetric Model (LRSM) where the difference between baryon number ($B$) and lepton number ($L$) remains an unbroken symmetry. This is unlike the conventional formulation, where $B-L$ is promoted to a local symmetry and is broken explicitly in order to generate Majorana neutrino masses. In our case $B-L$ remains a global symmetry after the left-right symmetry breaking, allowing only Dirac mass terms for neutrinos. In addition to parity restoration at some high scale, this formulation provides a natural framework to explain $B-L$ as an anomaly-free global symmetry of the Standard Model and the non-observation of $(B-L)$-violating processes. Neutrino masses are purely Dirac type and are generated either through a two loop radiative mechanism or by implementing a Dirac seesaw mechanism.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures
The asymmetric exclusion model with sequential update
Creators: name: Rajewsky, N.
name: Schadschneider, A.
name: Schreckenberg, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a solution for the stationary state of an asymmetric exclusion model with sequential update and open boundary conditions. We solve the model exactly for random hopping in both directions by applying a matrix-product formalism which was recently used to solve the model with sublattice-parallel update[1]. It is shown that the matrix-algebra describing the sequential update and sublattice-parallel update are identical and can be mapped onto the random sequential case treated by Derrida et al[2].
description: 7 pages, Latex
Benchmarking federated strategies in Peer-to-Peer Federated learning for biomedical data
Creators: name: Salmeron, Jose L.
name: Arévalo, Irina
name: Ruiz-Celma, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing requirements for data protection and privacy has attracted a huge research interest on distributed artificial intelligence and specifically on federated learning, an emerging machine learning approach that allows the construction of a model between several participants who hold their own private data. In the initial proposal of federated learning the architecture was centralised and the aggregation was done with federated averaging, meaning that a central server will orchestrate the federation using the most straightforward averaging strategy. This research is focused on testing different federated strategies in a peer-to-peer environment. The authors propose various aggregation strategies for federated learning, including weighted averaging aggregation, using different factors and strategies based on participant contribution. The strategies are tested with varying data sizes to identify the most robust ones. This research tests the strategies with several biomedical datasets and the results of the experiments show that the accuracy-based weighted average outperforms the classical federated averaging method.
Mechanosensitive ion permeation across sub-nanoporous MoS$_2$ monolayers
Creators: name: Fang, A.
name: Kroenlein, K.
name: Smolyanitsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations informed by density functional theory calculations to investigate aqueous ion transport across sub-nanoporous monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) membranes subject to varying tensile strains. Driven by a transmembrane electric field, highly mechanosensitive permeation of both anions and cations is demonstrated in membranes featuring certain pore structures. For pores that are permeable when unstrained, we demonstrate ion current modulation by a factor of over 20 in the tensile strain range of 0 - 4%. For unstrained pores that are impermeable, a clear strain-induced onset of permeability is demonstrated within the same range of strains. The underlying mechanism is shown to be a strain-induced reduction of the generally repulsive ion-pore interactions resulting from the ions' short-range interactions with the atoms in the pore interior and desolvation effects. The mechanosensitive pores considered in this work gain their electrostatic properties from the pore geometries and in principle do not require additional chemical functionalization. Here we propose the possibility of a new class of mechanosensitive nanoporous materials with permeation properties determined by the targeted engineering of vacancy defects.
The nature of the short wavelength excitations in vitreous silica: X-Rays Brillouin scattering study
Creators: name: Pilla, O.
name: Cunsolo, A.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Masciovecchio, C.
name: Monaco, G.
name: Montagna, M.
name: Ruocco, G.
name: Scopigno, T.
name: Sette, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical structure factor (S(Q,E)) of vitreous silica has been measured by Inelastic X-ray Scattering varying the exchanged wavevector (Q) at fixed exchanged energy (E) - an experimental procedure that, contrary to the usual one at constant Q, provides spectra with much better identified inelastic features. This allows the first direct evidence of Brillouin peaks in the S(Q,E) of SiO_2 at energies above the Boson Peak (BP) energy, a finding that excludes the possibility that the BP marks the transition from propagating to localised dynamics in glasses.
description: 4 pages, 3 Postscript figures. To appear in Physical Review Letters
Cosmic ray transport and radiative processes in nuclei of starburst galaxies
Creators: name: Peretti, Enrico
name: Blasi, Pasquale
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Morlino, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high rate of star formation and supernova explosions of starburst galaxies make them interesting sources of high energy radiation. Depending upon the level of turbulence present in their interstellar medium, the bulk of cosmic rays produced inside starburst galaxies may lose most of their energy before escaping, thereby making these sources behave as calorimeters, at least up to some maximum energy. Contrary to previous studies, here we investigate in detail the conditions under which cosmic ray confinement may be effective for electrons and nuclei and we study the implications of cosmic ray confinement in terms of multifrequency emission from starburst nuclei and production of high energy neutrinos. The general predictions are then specialized to three cases of active starbursts, namely M82, NGC253 and Arp220. Both primary and secondary electrons, as well as electron-positron pairs produced by gamma ray absorption inside starburst galaxies are taken into account. Electrons and positrons produced as secondary products of hadronic interactions are found to be responsible for most of the emission of leptonic origin. In particular, synchrotron emission of very high energy secondary electrons produces an extended emission of hard X-rays that represent a very interesting signature of hadronic process in starburst galaxies, potentially accessible to current and future observations in the X-ray band. A careful understanding of both the production and absorption of gamma rays in starburst galaxies is instrumental to the assessment of the role of these astrophysical sources as sources of high energy astrophysical neutrinos.
description: Version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Armochaetoglasins L and M, new cytochalasans from an arthropod-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum
Creators: name: Gao, Weixi
name: Jiang, Rui
name: Zeng, Hanxiao
name: Cao, Jie
name: Hu, Zhengxi
name: Zhang, Yonghui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Armochaetoglasins L (1) and M (2), two new cytochalasans, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of an arthropod-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum. Armochaetoglasin L (1) is a rare 19,20-seco-chaetoglobosin. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and comparison of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against the NO production by using LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and antibacterial activity against three drug-resistant microbial pathogens.
Simple model with facilitated dynamics for granular compaction
Creators: name: Brey, J. Javier
name: Prados, A.
name: Sanchez-Rey, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple lattice model is used to study compaction in granular media. As in real experiments, we consider a series of taps separated by large enough waiting times. The relaxation of the density exhibits the characteristic inverse logarithmic law. Moreover, we have been able to identify analytically the relevant time scale, leading to a relaxation law independent of the specific values of the parameters. Also, an expression for the asymptotic density reached in the compaction process has been derived. The theoretical predictions agree fairly well with the results from the Monte Carlo simulation.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX file; no changes except for single-spacing to save paper (previous version 22 pages)
En-route to the fission-fusion reaction mechanism: a status update on laser-driven heavy ion acceleration
Creators: name: Lindner, F. H.
name: McCary, E.
name: Jiao, X.
name: Ostermayr, T. M.
name: Roycroft, R.
name: Tiwari, G.
name: Hegelich, B. M.
name: Schreiber, J.
name: Thirolf, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fission-fusion reaction mechanism was proposed in order to generate extremely neutron-rich nuclei close to the waiting point N = 126 of the rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis process (r-process). The production of such isotopes and the measurement of their nuclear properties would fundamentally help to increase the understanding of the nucleosynthesis of the heaviest elements in the universe. Major prerequisite for the realization of this new reaction scheme is the development of laser-based acceleration of ultra-dense heavy ion bunches in the mass range of A = 200 and above. In this paper, we review the status of laser-driven heavy ion acceleration in the light of the fission-fusion reaction mechanism. We present results from our latest experiment on heavy ion acceleration, including a new milestone with laser-accelerated heavy ion energies exceeding 5 MeV/u.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles for bioactive bone implant materials
Creators: name: Wetegrove, Marcel Benjamin
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics

description: A poly(methyl methacrylate) based composite coating containing magnetic nanostructures is developed that has the potential to equip passive titanium-based bone implants with the functionality of exercising an electromagnetic stimulus on bone regeneration. The thermal synthesis of maghemite nanoflowers is investigated, using iron chlorides in the presence of sodium hydroxide in a solvent mixture of N-methyldiethanolamine and diethylene glycol. A coating routine is developed to obtain a thin polymer film containing evenly dispersed magnetic nanoflowers.
A chaotic maps-based privacy-preserving distributed deep learning for incomplete and Non-IID datasets
Creators: name: Arévalo, Irina
name: Salmeron, Jose L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated Learning is a machine learning approach that enables the training of a deep learning model among several participants with sensitive data that wish to share their own knowledge without compromising the privacy of their data. In this research, the authors employ a secured Federated Learning method with an additional layer of privacy and proposes a method for addressing the non-IID challenge. Moreover, differential privacy is compared with chaotic-based encryption as layer of privacy. The experimental approach assesses the performance of the federated deep learning model with differential privacy using both IID and non-IID data. In each experiment, the Federated Learning process improves the average performance metrics of the deep neural network, even in the case of non-IID data.
Inverse kinematics of a subsea constrained manipulator based on FABRIK-R
Creators: name: Santos, Phillipe
name: Santos, Matheus
name: Sivčev, Satja
name: OMERDIC, EDIN
name: DOOLY, GERARD
name: TOAL, DANIEL
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Although underwater manipulators are considered the most suitable tools for executing many subsea intervention operations, they are an example of robots not designed for autonomous tasks. The subsea manipulator Schilling Titan 2, for instance, is composed of a sequence of constrained joints that makes impossible finding a closed-form analytical solution for its inverse kinematics. For this reason, numerical methodshave normally been used. Nevertheless, these methods typically result in high computational load and may need many iterations to find a solution. FABRIK is an inverse kinematics approach which has as main advantages a fast convergence and a low computational cost, avoiding matrix inversion and being robust to singularities. However, the constraints imposed by the joints of the Titan 2 manipulator also makes impossible solving itsinverse kinematics using FABRIK. A recent extension of FABRIK, named FABRIK-R, presents a solution for this problem. Therefore, this paper proposes to overcome the mentioned issues by solving the inverse kinematics of a high constrained subsea manipulator based on FABRIK-R and presents a comparison between this solution and a classical approach based on a secondorder pseudo-inverse Jacobian. The advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated in simulation experiments, and its feasibility is demonstrated in real experiments in manipulation tasks performed in dry lab conditions.
Possible effects of quark and gluon condensates in quarkonium spectra
Creators: name: Ding, Y. B.
name: Guo, X. -H.
name: Li, X. Q.
name: Shen, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cornell potential with the best fitted parameters $α_{s}$ and $κ$ are modified by adding terms derived from non-perturbative QCD, which are characterized by a series of non-vanishing vacuum condensates of quarks and gluons. In terms of this potential, we study the system of heavy quarkonia. The results show that the correction caused by the additional terms reduces the deviation between the data and the values calculated with the pure Cornell potential and improves the splittings of energy levels. The achievements indicate that the non-perturbative effects induced by vacuum condensates play an important role for the correction to $1/q^2$, which in general was phenomenologically put in by hand. This result would be helpful for understanding non-perturbative QCD along a parallel direction to the QCD sum rules.
description: 14 pages
Lignans and coumarins from the stem bark of Alyxia fascicularis (Wall. ex G. Don) Benth. ex Hook. f.)
Creators: name: Aung, Hnin Thanda
name: Saw, Khin Thidar
name: Latt, Mi Mi
name: Vidari, Giovanni
name: Komori, Yumiko
name: Takaya, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In the first phytochemical investigation of specialized metabolites from the stem bark of Alyxia fascicularis, which is used in different traditional medicines, including those of Myanmar and China, five lignans (1-5) and three coumarins (6-8) were isolated by semipreparative HPLC separations and identified mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis. The radical scavenging activity of isolated compounds was tested using the DPPH method. Noteworthy, most lignans exhibited antiradical effects comparable to vitamin C and gallic acid. Instead, compounds 1-8 showed no cytotoxic effect on Hela cell line. A possible biosynthetic pathway to enantiomeric 3 and 4 is suggested.
title: What if You Build it and They Don't Come? Lessons Learned from a Tutorial-Creation Project
Creators: name: Homol, Lindley
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Teaching and Learning Technology and Tools
subject: tutorials
subject: Library and Information Science

description: To extend the reach of many library instruction programs both on-campus and online, many librarians have been creating instructional tutorials. Whether these learning objects consist of screencasts, static webpages, or interactive modules, they can be time consuming both to create and maintain. In order for students to see the instructional benefits, and librarians to justify the time put into creating and maintaining the learning objects, it is crucial that students actually access and use the tutorials. What if librarians build tutorials, and the students do not come? How can librarians ensure that their tutorials will be accessed and used? In this presentation, the librarian will discuss experiences developing video tutorials at the request of graduate students and faculty in a liaison area. The librarian spent a semester developing a series of video tutorials based on student-identified pain points, and notified faculty of the resulting collection of learning objects. Despite student requests and faculty excitement over the tutorials, the collection saw little use. Reasons for the low usage numbers will be discussed, along with a set of best practices to improve tutorial use and relevance for students. The librarian will also discuss how the lessons learned from this failed project were factored into a department-wide tutorial-creation project that has seen much more success. By the end of the session, attendees will have several takeaways to apply to their own instructional efforts, including: -How to promote and brand tutorials so they see increased usage -How to decide on the best content to cover in tutorials -When to consider alternate methods of instruction to reach students
description: Are your library tutorials seeing high usage or collecting dust? This session will discuss how the lessons learned from a little-used tutorial collection resulted in the creation of a successful suite of learning objects.
Pentacyclic triterpene acids, rotungenic acid and barbinervic acid, from fresh leaves of Diospyros kaki Thunberg and their glutaminase inhibitory activities
Creators: name: Shimada, Atsumi
name: Ueno, Hiroshi
name: Yamamoto, Kenta
name: Kawabata, Kohei
name: Inagaki, Masanori
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Glutaminase is an important target that is often over-expressed in neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases but few effective inhibitors of this enzyme have yet reached clinical trials. Three compounds isolated from fresh leaves of Diospyros kaki Thunberg, ursolic acid (1), rotungenic acid (2) and barbinervic acid (3), were identified by analyzing their NMR and MS spectral data and comparison of these with reported data. The IC50 values of 1-3 and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) as control were 775, 13, 14, and 434 μM, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 showed higher glutaminase inhibitory activities than DON. Compounds 2 and 3 may serve as potential lead compounds for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases by targeting glutaminase. This is the first report on glutaminase inhibitory activities of 2 and 3.
Heavy Majorana Neutrinos and Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scenario of baryogenesis through leptogenesis is reviewed in models involving heavy Majorana neutrinos. The various mechanisms of CP violation occurring in the out-of-equilibrium lepton-number-violating decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos are studied within a resummation approach to unstable-particle mixing. It is explicitly demonstrated how the resummation approach preserves crucial field-theoretic properties such as unitarity and CPT invariance. Predictions of representative scenarios are presented after solving numerically the Boltzmann equations describing the thermodynamic evolution of the Universe. The phenomenological consequences of loop effects of heavy Majorana neutrinos on low-energy observables, such as lepton-flavour and/or lepton-number non-conservation in $τ$ and $Z$-boson decays and electron electric dipole moment, are discussed.
description: 48 pages, minor rewordings