cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations spectrum of the strongly correlated quasi-2D organic metal (ET)8[Hg4Cl12(C6H5Br)]2 under pressure
Creators: name: Vignolles, David
name: Audouard, Alain
name: Lyubovskii, Rustem B.
name: Nardone, Marc
name: Canadell, Enric
name: Zhilayeva, Elena I.
name: Lyubovskaya, Rimma N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pressure dependence of the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations spectra of the quasi-two di- mensional organic metal (ET)8[Hg4Cl12(C6H5Br)]2 have been studied up to 1.1 GPa in pulsed magnetic fields of up to 54 T. According to band structure calculations, its Fermi surface can be regarded as a network of compensated orbits. The SdH spectra exhibit many Fourier components typical of such a network, most of them being forbidden in the framework of the semiclassical model. Their amplitude remains large in all the pressure range studied which likely rules out chemical potential oscillation as a dominant contribution to their origin, in agreement with recent calculations relevant to compensated Fermi liquids. In addition to a strong decrease of the magnetic breakdown field and effective masses, the latter being likely due to a reduction of the strength of electron correlations, a sizeable increase of the scattering rate is observed as the applied pressure increases. This latter point, which is at variance with data of most charge transfer salts is discussed in connection with pressure-induced features of the temperature dependence of the zero-field interlayer resistance
description: Eur. Phys. J. B, in press
On Schwarzschild periodic solutions in the restricted three body problem
Creators: name: Olund, Brian Russel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Consider the restricted three body problem in which we have a central body S (the sun), a perturbing planet J (Jupiter) whose mass is small compared to that of the sun, and a planetoid P of negligible mass. We consider the special case in which we have the following restrictions: 1) The perturbing planet J moves in a circle with the sun as center. 2) The orbit of P is an ellipse in the same plane as the orbit of J and with the sun at one focus. 3) If the perturbing influence of J were ignored, the mean motion n₀ of P would be related to the mean motion n of J by n₀/n' = p/q , where p and q are positive relatively prime integers. The period of this system in the unperturbed motion is T₀ = 2πq/n' . We wish to see under what conditions a periodic solution can be found for the perturbed motion. Using the method of a small parameter Schwarzschild has shown that, under certain conditions, if the mass m' of Jupiter is sufficiently small, all three bodies will return to the same relative position as initially after a time T = T₀ (1+τ) except that the entire system will have rotated through a small angle. τ is of the order of m'/m(sun) and vanishes with m’. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to a method for calculating the period and the mean values of the orbital elements. The second part is devoted to a method for calculating the period and the initial values of the orbital elements.
DMP_058.005_2023W_Nutrition Survey in Montenegro
Creators: name: Milacic, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data Management Plan
Research Data Management
Nutrition Survey
Montenegro
FAIR Principles
Data Collection

description: This Data Management Plan (DMP) has been prepared as part of the exercise within the course "058.005 Introduction into Research Data Management." It serves as a comprehensive plan for managing the data collected and analyzed in the research project titled "Nutrition Survey in Montenegro" – NutriMont. The DMP outlines the strategies for data collection, processing, storage, and sharing, ensuring adherence to FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) throughout the project's lifecycle. It includes detailed information on the methodologies for data collection, types of data gathered (including demographic, nutritional, and health data), data formats, and plans for long-term preservation and access.
Extreme multiplicity in cylindrical Rayleigh-Benard convection: II. Bifurcation diagram and symmetry classification
Creators: name: Borońska, Katarzyna
name: Tuckerman, Laurette S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large number of flows with distinctive patterns have been observed in experiments and simulations of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a water-filled cylinder whose radius is twice the height. We have adapted a time-dependent pseudospectral code, first, to carry out Newton's method and branch continuation and, second, to carry out the exponential power method and Arnoldi iteration to calculate leading eigenpairs and determine the stability of the steady states. The resulting bifurcation diagram represents a compromise between the tendency in the bulk towards parallel rolls, and the requirement imposed by the boundary conditions that primary bifurcations be towards states whose azimuthal dependence is trigonometric. The diagram contains 17 branches of stable and unstable steady states. These can be classified geometrically as roll states containing two, three, and four rolls; axisymmetric patterns with one or two tori; three-fold symmetric patterns called mercedes, mitubishi, marigold and cloverleaf; trigonometric patterns called dipole and pizza; and less symmetric patterns called CO and asymmetric three-rolls. The convective branches are connected to the conductive state and to each other by 16 primary and secondary pitchfork bifurcations and turning points. In order to better understand this complicated bifurcation diagram, we have partitioned it according to azimuthal symmetry. We have been able to determine the bifurcation-theoretic origin from the conductive state of all the branches observed at high Rayleigh number.
title: The Contribution of Subsoil Phosphorus to the Nutrition of Alfalfa as Influenced by Soil Temperature
Creators: name: Lamborn, Reuel E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: High bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus (P) in some Utah subsoils may affect the validity of fertilizer recommendations based on plow layer samples. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the proportion of plant P derived from subsoils at typical Utah soil P levels and soil temperatures.
A calcareous soil very low in bicarbonate-soluble P was treated with various amounts of P and packed into deep pots to provide 24 centimeters of "topsoil" and 27 centimeters of "subsoil". Water baths in a growth chamber were used to control soil temperatures at 14 centigrade and 20 centigrade. Light, air temperature and humidity were varied. The treated soils were analyzed for NaHCO3-P before and after cropping, and changes were related to plant P uptake.
At a topsoil NaHCO3-P level of 17 parts per million, subsoil apparently contributed no more than ten percent of the plant P in the harvested tops unless subsoil P was greater than five parts per million. At lower levels of topsoil P, subsoil P became more important. When topsoil P was five parts per million or less, 20 to 67 percent of the plant P came from the subsoils.
Impfquoten von Kinderschutzimpfungen in Deutschland – aktuelle Ergebnisse aus der RKI-Impfsurveillance
Creators: name: Rieck, Thorsten
name: Feig, Marcel
name: Wichmann, Ole
name: Siedler, Anette
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Impfquoten
subject: KV-Impfsurveillance
subject: Schuleingangsuntersuchungen
subject: Impfziel
subject: Impfkalender
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: In dem im Epidemiologischen Bulletin vorliegenden Artikel zu den Impfquoten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland werden erstmals Analysen von Daten aus den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen mit Analysen von Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen gemeinsam veröffentlicht und in der Gesamtschau interpretiert. Die Analysen zeigten bei fast allen Impfungen die gleichen Defizite auf: Die Impfungen beginnen später als empfohlen, und die Impfserien werden nicht zeitgerecht abgeschlossen. Dadurch werden nationale und internationale Impfziele hinsichtlich der Impfquoten bei keiner Impfung erreicht. Zudem gibt es bei der Inanspruchnahme aller Impfungen große regionale Unterschiede.
In-plane transport and enhanced thermoelectric performance in thin films of the topological insulators Bi_2Te_3 and Bi_2Se_3
Creators: name: Ghaemi, Pouyan
name: Mong, Roger
name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several small-bandgap semiconductors are now known to have protected metallic surface states as a consequence of the topology of the bulk electron wavefunctions. The known "topological insulators" with this behavior include the important thermoelectric materials Bi_2Te_3 and Bi_2Se_3, whose surfaces are observed in photoemission experiments to have an unusual electronic structure with a single Dirac cone. We study in-plane (i.e., horizontal) transport in thin films made of these materials. The surface states from top and bottom surfaces hybridize, and conventional diffusive transport predicts that the tunable hybridization-induced band gap leads to increased thermoelectric performance at low temperatures. Beyond simple diffusive transport, the conductivity shows a crossover from the spin-orbit induced anti-localization at a single surface to ordinary localization.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Personality and Sports Preference in Women Majoring in Physical Education in Utah and Idaho
Creators: name: Barcus, Carolyn Gay
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Personality traits of women majoring in physical education who preferred team sports, individual sports, or dance were compared, using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
No significant differences were found between the three groups on seven of the eight MMPI scales used. The dance group scored significantly more feminine on scale 5 of the MMPI than did either the team sports or individual sports group. Gymnasts and swimmers were significantly more feminine than was the track and field sub-group on this scale. The social and folk dance sub-groups and the non-majors sub-group were significantly more feminine than were the track and field sub-group and the snow skiing sub-group.
The scores on the other MMPI scales seemed to indicate that women majoring in physical education tend to have personality characteristics that differ from the norms of the MMPI, and that women preferring particular sports have differing personality characteristics.
On an additional variable of height and weight, it was found that women in dance weight significantly less than do women in team and individual sports.
Killing machines
Creators: name: Gregory, TE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this thesis is to address the question of whether the actions a player performs within video games can be considered to matter in a moral sense. Rather than basing my approach upon the possible influence that violent behaviour in video games may have upon the player's behaviour, my focus in this thesis is restricted to considering the actions the player takes within the game entirely on their own merits, centring around the idea that although the situation encountered within a simulation is not real, the actions the player performs can still be considered as meaningful. I first consider the responses that the normative theories of Consequentialism, Deontology and Virtue Ethics have to actions taken within video games. Having established that the first two theories are primarily concerned with entities that possess moral standing, I turn to examining the reasons why video-game entities appear to lack this moral standing. To do this, I consider the status of video-game entities in light of the fact they are not real, before turning to an examination of the player ceding responsibility for their moral decisions to the expectations of the game-world. I conclude from this examination that there is little ability to justify classifying video-game entities as entities deserving of moral standing on their own merits. Finally, I examine the reasons based in virtue ethics as to why a player should treat video-game entities as if they did have moral standing, concluding that a player is able to use the game as an opportunity to practice their own sense of morality.
title: Linkage and Inheritance Studies in Barley (Hordeum)
Creators: name: Heiner, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1958

description: Barley has had wide acceptance not only as a cultivated crop but also as an excellent source of genetic material. Barley was being used in inheritance studies by Tschermak when he rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity. Since then barley has become one of the most widely used plants for genetic studies known today.
More than 100 characters have been investigated indicating the relative ease of classification. There are 7 linkage groups corresponding to the 7 chromosomes in which 2 or more characters have been located as reported by Robertson (1939). But Kramer, Veyl, and Hanson (1954), from translocation experiments, suggest that linkage group III and VII should be combined in separate arms of the same chromosome.
The present work is a study of character inheritance and linkage relationships aimed toward identifying the number of genes conditioning individual characters and associating them with linkage groups.
When barley genes are more completely placed in their respective linkage groups, breeding for various good characteristics can be enhanced materially. This is readily accomplished when linkages are found between desirable characters for which selection is difficult or time-consuming.
A Time-Periodic Lyapunov Approach for Motion Planning of Controllable Driftless Systems on SU(n)
Creators: name: Silveira, H. B.
name: da Silva, P. S. Pereira
name: Rouchon, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a right-invariant and controllable driftless system on SU(n), we consider a time-periodic reference trajectory along which the linearized control system generates su(n): such trajectories always exist and constitute the basic ingredient of Coron's Return Method. The open-loop controls that we propose, which rely on a left-invariant tracking error dynamics and on a fidelity-like Lyapunov function, are determined from a finite number of left-translations of the tracking error and they assure global asymptotic convergence towards the periodic reference trajectory. The role of these translations is to avoid being trapped in the critical region of this Lyapunov-like function. The convergence proof relies on a periodic version of LaSalle's invariance principle and the control values are determined by numerical integration of the dynamics of the system. Simulations illustrate the obtained controls for $n=4$ and the generation of the C--NOT quantum gate.
description: Submitted
title: A Measure of the Amount of Phosphate Adsorption and the Rate of Release of Indigenous Phosphate from a Desert Soil
Creators: name: Evans, Robert Lindsey
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: The capacity of a calcareous desert soil, Thiokol silt loam, to retain natural, as well as added, orthophosphate-P was measured by equilibrium adsorption employing a batch technique and evaluated using the two-slope Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From these data, corrected to account for indigenous soil P, a hypothesis was formulated as to the nature of retention of P by the soil, including the identification of two interfacial reactions involving P, and a value calculated for the adsorption maximum as defined by the Langmuir isotherm equation for P with soil at each of two soil depths and three constant temperatures within the range of biological activity. The initial reaction was considered to be surface adsorption, where phosphate ions interact with the clayand lime mineral surfaces at definite sites. The activity of the second mechanism was identified as adsorption, and in addition, the heterogeneous nucleation of metal phosphates on the lime mineral surfaces.
In addition to these quantitative studies, the flux of P in the soil was also investigated for the same soil and temperatures by means of kinetic experiments conducted to identify the nature (mechanisms) and measure the rates and release maxima of indigenous P release from the soil. These experiments were carried out using an anion-exchange resin as an infinite sink for P, again applying a batch technique. Ultimately, the release of indigenous P from the soil under saturated conditions was attributed to three simultaneous first-order reactions. 'll1e rate constants of the three reactions were found to be of orders of 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6 (1/sec), and did not vary significantly with soil depth or temperature. The three reactions above were identified as dissolution of poorly crystalline or amorphous calcium phosphates, the desorption of surface site adsorbed or labile P, and the slow dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite, respectively.
Interpolations Among NAHE-based Supersymmetric and Nonsupersymmetric String Vacua
Creators: name: Faraggi, Alon E.
name: Tsulaia, Mirian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-realistic free fermionic heterotic-string models provide some of the most detailed examples to explore the phenomenology of string unification. While providing a powerful tool to generate models and their spectra, understanding the realisation of the free fermion models in a bosonic formalism will provide important insight into their basic properties away from the free fermion point. In this paper we elucidate bosonic equivalent of the basic symmetry breaking pattern in the free fermion models from E8XE8 to SO(16)XSO(16) and exhibit the connection of the free fermion models with corresponding non--supersymmetric vacua by interpolations.
description: 15 pages. Standard LaTex. References added
Detection of Vibrationally Excited CO in IRC+10216
Creators: name: Patel, Nimesh A.
name: Young, Ken H.
name: Brünken, Sandra
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Thaddeus, Patrick
name: Wilson, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Submillimeter Array we have detected the J=3-2 and 2-1 rotational transitions from within the first vibrationally excited state of CO toward the extreme carbon star IRC+10216 (CW Leo). The emission remains spatially unresolved with an angular resolution of ~2" and, given that the lines originate from energy levels that are ~3100 K above the ground state, almost certainly originates from a much smaller (~10^{14} cm) sized region close to the stellar photosphere. Thermal excitation of the lines requires a gas density of ~10^{9} cm^{-3}, about an order of magnitude higher than the expected gas density based previous infrared observations and models of the inner dust shell of IRC+10216.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
title: Near Midair Collisions - The Extent of the Hazard to General Aviation in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho
Creators: name: Hulsman, Robert B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: This thesis randomly sampled the general aviation pilot population of Utah, Nevada, and Idaho for the purpose of determining the extent of the near midair collision hazards in these areas. The conditions investigated were all possible situations associated with a flight, and all that could be readily answered on a data form without encountering bias in the study.
The thesis provided certain insights into what hazards are to be expected in the general aviation population of the three states under study. It also indicated as much as possible, what the causes were of the hazards and what actions could be taken to remedy or, at best, lessen them.
Stirling-Ramanujan constants are exponential periods
Creators: name: Muñoz, Vicente
name: Perez-Marco, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 40A05, 40G99, 11J81, 33B15, 11B68

description: Ramanujan studied a general class of Stirling constants that are the resummation of some natural divergent series. These constants include the classical Euler-Mascheroni, Stirling and Glaisher-Kinkelin constants. We find natural integral representations for all these constants that appear as exponential periods in the field $\mathbb Q (t,e^{-t})$ which reveals their natural transalgebraic nature. We conjecture that all these constants are transcendental numbers. Euler-Mascheroni's and Stirling's integral formula are classical, but the integral formula for Glaisher-Kinkelin appears to be new, as well as the integral formulas for the higher Stirling-Ramanujan constants. The method presented generalizes naturally to prove that many other constants are exponential periods over the field $\mathbb Q(t,e^{-t})$.
description: 20 pages. Final published version
title: The Dimensions of Crash Risk: Combination-Unit vs. Single-Unit Trucks vs. Other Vehicles
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1999
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93148
subject: Trucks
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90731
subject: Crash risk forecasting
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93149
subject: Tractor trailer combinations

description: This analysis brief explores differences and similarities among the national crash experience of combination-unit trucks (CUTs), single-unit trucks (SUTs), and "all vehicles" (principally cars and light truck/vans). These CUT vs. SUT vs. all vehicle comparisons are derived from a more comprehensive analysis of the 1989-93 U.S. crash experience of different motor vehicle types. Focusing on a comparison of the national crash experience of CUTs, SUTs, and "all vehicles", this brief assesses the U.S. motor vehicle crash problem from the perspective of different problem size referents for all crashes combined. 4 p.
title: The Flat Pod Rogue in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Creators: name: Kerr, Lynn B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Segregation patterns of several pod shapes of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Tendercrop, were studied. The causes of build-up of off-type pods in a seed stock were examined as were possible means of reversing the buildup. Natural selection factors such as germination, vigor, earliness , and ease of threshing, favored the off-types. Careful, selective milling was found to be an aid to roguing in keeping stock seed as free as possible of the off-type pods.
A conceptual model for compliant management systems
Creators: name: de la Motte, LH
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The dissertation specifies a Set of Concepts and a Conceptual Model for Compliant Management Systems (CMSs). The Set of Concepts is drawn from existing methodologies and the CMS Model, which is based on the Concepts, is evaluated against a compiled Set of Standard Requirements. The dissertation is analytical, conceptual and argumentative in nature. The Model is designed to enable the future development of compliant, efficient and globally functional organisational Information Technology (IT) Systems. The Three Central Requirements of the Model ‚Äö- Compliance (essentially a Legal requirement), Efficiency (essentially a Business Management requirement) and Global Functionality (essentially an IT requirement) ‚Äö- necessitated a multi-disciplinary investigation in the Legal, Business Management and IT areas. Compliance was the focus of the research as initial investigations showed no significant solutions existed that provided specific guidelines for the design of inherently compliant IT systems. As compliance relates to meeting regulatory requirements on a local or jurisdictional basis, whereas efficiency and global functionality favour global standards for IT systems (that enable system interoperability), the means for delivering globally compliant‚ÄövÑvp IT systems is problematic. The research therefore took the approach of thinking globally and acting locally‚ÄövÑvp by designing a Model appropriate for individual local organisations that can be used, in association with the development of appropriate regulation, as a template for globally compliant IT systems. It was found that the issues of Privacy, Consent, and Accountability were at the core of compliance requirements and that Digital Service Contracts with systematic Authorisation mechanisms for contract parties (represented as IT System Groups‚ÄövÑvp) provided the means for assuring compliance. The Model proposes software based on Service, Group and Service Contract components ‚Äö- the Service Contract components fulfilling Legal requirements, the Service components fulfilling Business Management requirements and the Group components fulfilling IT requirements. The Model description in the dissertation focuses on the IT System design. Technical (software design) issues are not explored in detail, making the dissertation readable to persons with minimal IT background. The aim was to draw together existing knowledge in the Legal, Business Management and IT disciplines and to explore relationships between the fields at a high level rather than to delve in detail into any of the three disciplines. The research spans many fields within the three research disciplines, including Contract Law, Privacy Law, Company Law, Legal Consent, Franchising Systems, Business Process Management, Service Oriented Architectures, Cloud Computing, Access Control, Authorisation, Operating Systems, Data Management and Object Oriented Programming.
Enhancing Virtual Ontology Based Access over Tabular Data with Morph-CSV
Creators: name: Chaves-Fraga, David
name: Ruckhaus, Edna
name: Priyatna, Freddy
name: Vidal, Maria-Esther
name: Corchio, Oscar
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : IOS Press
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Knowledge graphs
subject: tabular data
subject: mapping languages
subject: constraints
subject: 004

description: Ontology-Based Data Access (OBDA) has traditionally focused on providing a unified view of heterogeneous datasets, either by materializing integrated data into RDF or by performing on-the fly querying via SPARQL query translation. In the specific case of tabular datasets represented as several CSV or Excel files, query translation approaches have been applied by considering each source as a single table that can be loaded into a relational database management system (RDBMS). Nevertheless, constraints over these tables are not represented; thus, neither consistency among attributes nor indexes over tables are enforced. As a consequence, efficiency of the SPARQL-to-SQL translation process may be affected, as well as the completeness of the answers produced during the evaluation of the generated SQL query. Our work is focused on applying implicit constraints on the OBDA query translation process over tabular data. We propose Morph-CSV, a framework for querying tabular data that exploits information from typical OBDA inputs (e.g., mappings, queries) to enforce constraints that can be used together with any SPARQL-to-SQL OBDA engine. Morph-CSV relies on both a constraint component and a set of constraint operators. For a given set of constraints, the operators are applied to each type of constraint with the aim of enhancing query completeness and performance. We evaluate Morph-CSV in several domains: e-commerce with the BSBM benchmark; transportation with a benchmark using the GTFS dataset from the Madrid subway; and biology with a use case extracted from the Bio2RDF project. We compare and report the performance of two SPARQL-to-SQL OBDA engines, without and with the incorporation of MorphCSV. The observed results suggest that Morph-CSV is able to speed up the total query execution time by up to two orders of magnitude, while it is able to produce all the query answers.
Electron counting in quantum dots
Creators: name: Gustavsson, S.
name: Leturcq, R.
name: Studer, M.
name: Shorubalko, I.
name: Ihn, T.
name: Ensslin, K.
name: Driscoll, D. C.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use time-resolved charge detection techniques to investigate single-electron tunneling in semiconductor quantum dots. The ability to detect individual charges in real-time makes it possible to count electrons one-by-one as they pass through the structure. The setup can thus be used as a high-precision current meter for measuring ultra-low currents, with resolution several orders of magnitude better than that of conventional current meters. In addition to measuring the average current, the counting procedure also makes it possible to investigate correlations between charge carriers. In quantum dots, we find that the strong Coulomb interaction makes electrons try to avoid each other. This leads to electron anti-bunching, giving stronger correlations and reduced noise compared to a current carried by statistically independent electrons. The charge detector is implemented by monitoring changes in conductance in a near-by capacitively coupled quantum point contact. We find that the quantum point contact not only serves as a detector but also causes a back-action onto the measured device. Electron scattering in the quantum point contact leads to emission of microwave radiation. The radiation is found to induce an electronic transition between two quantum dots, similar to the absorption of light in real atoms and molecules. Using a charge detector to probe the electron transitions, we can relate a single-electron tunneling event to the absorption of a single photon. Moreover, since the energy levels of the double quantum dot can be tuned by external gate voltages, we use the device as a frequency-selective single-photon detector operating at microwave energies.
Summation methods in the two- and three-body problems
Creators: name: Zelmer, Graham Keith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Let f(z) be a complex-valued function of the complex variable z which is regular at the origin, has radius of convergence R > 1 , and satisfies the condition f(1) = 1 . If we write [ equation omitted ]and [ equation omitted ], n=0,1,2,..., the matrix [ equation omitted ] leads to a summation method generally known as a Sonnenschein method. The utility of these methods lies in the fact that much can be said about them simply from a knowledge of the function f(z) . In the present work we are concerned with the three methods associated with the three functions f(z) = (1-r) + rz , f(z) = (1-r)+rz² and f(z) = (1-r)z + rz³ where r≠ 0 is an arbitrary complex parameter (generally, 0 < r < 1). The method based on the function (1-r) + rz leads to the well-known Euler-Knopp method which has already been extensively studied. We show that there exist simple recursion relations between the various rows of the matrix F and we make a detailed study of the domain Dᵣ on which these methods sum the geometric series [ equation omitted ].A more general sub-class of Sonnenschein methods called the (E,r,α,β) methods is then defined and some of the well-known theorems applicable to the (E,r) method are shown to hold for this sub-class. The practical application of the above three methods to the two- and three-body problems of classical mechanics forms the major portions of Chapters II and III . Much use is made in these chapters of a theorem, stated in Chapter I , which allows us to construct a domain Dr(a) on which one of the above methods sums an arbitrary function a(z) regular at the origin. On the limited Intervals for which the above methods are applicable, it is shown that they provide effective methods for obtaining the solution to the two-and three-body problems. Comparison is always made with similar results obtained by V. A. Brumberg and it is shown that the methods used here have certain advantages over his. The Sundman series for the three-body problem are also set up and utilized. Although the series are not very effective, the convergence is not as bad as is generally supposed. An interesting argument based on numerical evidence shows that the width of the strip about the real axis, in which the solution to the regularized three-body problem is known to be analytic, is not as narrow as Sundman's estimates give. Finally, a theorem is proved for the problem of the motion of a heavy rigid body about a fixed point showing that this problem can be treated in the complex plane in the same way as the two-body problem and regularized three-body problem.
Phonons as a probe of the magnetic state in doped and undoped BaFe2As2
Creators: name: Reznik, D.
name: Lokshin, K.
name: Mitchell, D. C.
name: Parshall, D.
name: Dmowski, W.
name: Lamago, D.
name: Heid, R.
name: Bohnen, K. -P.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: McGuire, M. A.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Mandrus, D. G.
name: Subedi, A.
name: Singh, D. J.
name: Alatas, A.
name: Upton, M. H.
name: Said, A. H.
name: Cunsolo, A.
name: Shvydko, Yu.
name: Egami, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured phonon frequencies and linewidths in doped and undoped BaFe2As2 single crystals by inelastic x-ray scattering and compared our results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In agreement with previous work, the calculated frequencies of some phonons depended on whether the ground state was magnetic or not and, in the former case, whether phonon wavevector was parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic ordering wavevector. The experimental results agreed better with the magnetic calculation than with zero Fe moment calculations, except the peak splitting expected due to magnetic domain twinning was not observed. Furthermore, phonon frequencies were unaffected by the breakdown of the magnetic ground state due to either doping or increased temperature. Based on these results we propose that phonons strongly couple not to the static order, but to high frequency magnetic fluctuations.
description: Minor revision of the text
title: Model for Predicting Simultaneous Distribution of Salt and Water in Soils
Creators: name: Gupta, Satish C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: Knowledge of water and salt movement in soils is necessary for development of a management scheme for controlling the quality of irrigation return flow. A computer model was developed to predict the distribution of water and salts in the root zone under varying initial and boundary conditions. The model consists of water flow and salt flow sub-models. The water flow sub-model considers the numerical approximation of the general water flow equation with modification for water loss by evapotranspiration (and thus root extraction). The salt flow sub-model considers the mass flow of salts, chemical exchange, precipitation or dissolution of CaCO3, and CaSO4, and formation of undissociated Ca and Mg sulphate.
The model was tested under laboratory and field conditions by comparing predicted values with experimental measurements. Satisfactory agreement was noted for the water content distribution in almost all the experiments. The model yielded approximately correct values of total salt distribution in the field and one of the column experiments. The agreement between the measured and predicted values for the two other column experiments was poor. The poor agreement seems to result from the irregular dissolution of the applied powdered salts. The distribution of individual ions was not accurately predicted by the model. The disagreement between the predicted and measured values was large at high salt concentration. Complex ion formation, insufficient description of exchange and activity coefficients at high salt concentration are suggested for this lack of agreement. Further development and field testing of the model are needed.
Universal BPS structure of stationary supergravity solutions
Creators: name: Bossard, Guillaume
name: Nicolai, Hermann
name: Stelle, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study asymptotically flat stationary solutions of four-dimensional supergravity theories via the associated G/H* pseudo-Riemannian non-linear sigma models in three spatial dimensions. The Noether charge C associated to G is shown to satisfy a characteristic equation that determines it as a function of the four-dimensional conserved charges. The matrix C is nilpotent for non-rotating extremal solutions. The nilpotency degree of C is directly related to the BPS degree of the corresponding solution when they are BPS. Equivalently, the charges can be described in terms of a Weyl spinor |C > of Spin*(2N), and then the characteristic equation becomes equivalent to a generalisation of the Cartan pure spinor constraint on |C>. The invariance of a given solution with respect to supersymmetry is determined by an algebraic `Dirac equation' on the Weyl spinor |C>. We explicitly solve this equation for all pure supergravity theories and we characterise the stratified structure of the moduli space of asymptotically Taub-NUT black holes with respect with their BPS degree. The analysis is valid for any asymptotically flat stationary solutions for which the singularities are protected by horizons. The H*-orbits of extremal solutions are identified as Lagrangian submanifolds of nilpotent orbits of G, and so the moduli space of extremal spherically symmetric black holes as a Lagrangian subvariety of the variety of nilpotent elements of Lie(G). We also generalise the notion of active duality transformations to an `almost action' of the three-dimensional duality group G on asymptotically flat stationary solutions.
description: Few misprints corrected
title: Driver-Related Factors in Crashes Between Large Trucks and Passenger Vehicles
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1999
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93148
subject: Trucks
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90684
subject: Human factors in crashes
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93149
subject: Tractor trailer combinations
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93316
subject: Passenger cars
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90775
subject: Fatalities

description: FHWA-MCRT-99-011;HS-042 973
description: Large trucks are involved in close to 400,000 police-reported crashes each year, of which 4,500 involve a fatality. About 60% of fatal truck crashes involve one large truck colliding with a single passenger vehicle. Prevention of these crashes requires understanding how and why these crashes occur to develop effective countermeasures. The analysis of the relative contribution of the truck driver versus the driver of the other vehicle involved in a fatal crash has been limited in the past to an examination of the driver-related factors variable in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). The FARS analyst in each state records driver actions that may have contributed to the fatal crash. The coding is based on factors recorded on the crash report by the police officer. Analysts have been skeptical of relying solely on the judgments of officers at the scene of a crash to attribute cause or fault in fatal crashes. Thus, the Office of Motor Carrier and Highway Safety (OMCHS), in conjunction with the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI), examined the driver-related factors from FARS along with other data that could either verify or rebut the factor data. This Analysis Brief presents the findings of this study. 4 p.
Symmetry shapes thermodynamics of macroscopic quantum systems
Creators: name: Cavina, Vasco
name: Soret, Ariane
name: Aslyamov, Timur
name: Ptaszyński, Krzysztof
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a systematic approach to the thermodynamics of quantum systems based on the underlying symmetry groups. We show that the entropy of a system can be described in terms of group-theoretical quantities that are largely independent of the details of its density matrix. We apply our technique to generic $N$ identical interacting $d$-level quantum systems. Using permutation invariance, we find that, for large $N$, entropy displays a universal large deviation behavior with a rate function $s(\boldsymbol{x})$ that is completely independent of the microscopic details of the model, but depends only on the size of the irreducible representations of the permutation group $\text{S}_N$. In turn, the partition function is shown to satisfy a large deviation principle with a free energy $f(\boldsymbol{x})=e(\boldsymbol{x})-β^{-1}s(\boldsymbol{x})$, where $e(\boldsymbol{x})$ is a rate function that only depends on the ground state energy of particular subspaces determined by group representation theory. We apply our theory to the transverse-field Curie-Weiss model, a minimal model of phase transition exhibiting an interplay of thermal and quantum fluctuations.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
title: New Entrant Safety Research [Analysis Brief]
Creators: name: Federal Highway Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Highway Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0473rr271
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1999
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91993
subject: Motor carriers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88925
subject: Regulation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88959
subject: Compliance
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90602
subject: Highway safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90604
subject: Trucking safety

description: Deregulation of the motor carrier industry combined with a period of sustained economic growth has resulted in sizeable increases in the number of new motor carriers entering interstate operation. Discussions with key stakeholders in the motor carrier safety environment and previous academic studies have suggested that the safety performance and regulatory compliance of these "new entrants" may be significantly worse than the performance and compliance of more experienced carriers. This investigation examines the need for and the possible elements of a program to improve the safety performance and regulatory compliance of new entrants. It focuses specifically on regulatory compliance and crash rates as they relate to a motor carrier's time in interstate operations. The results show a substantial age-related pattern of compliance. There is clear evidence of a safety regulation compliance learning curve. 4 p.
title: Investigations into the Microbial Ecology and Limnology of Hyrum Reservoir, in Northern Utah
Creators: name: Green, Kenneth Maxwell
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: A series of preliminary investigations was carried out to determine the factors promoting the dense, late summer waterblooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aguae in Hyrum Reservoir in northern Utah. Attempts were made to culture the Aphanizomenon in the ASM-8a medium of O'Flaherty and Phinney (J. Phycol. 6:95-97. 1970), but no growth was obtained and the algae soon lysed. Cultures were maintained, without growth, for more than four months in a lake water--lake sediment medium at 17 C under 1500 lux flourescent light.
Dissolved oxygen measurements using an in situ probe revealed the development of a sharp oxycline during the summer months; on one day the dissolved oxygen concentration was observed to drop from 118% saturation (8.6 mg O2/1) at 6.5 meters depth, to 33% saturation (2.4 mg O2/l) at 7 meters, with a concurrent temperature decrease from 21.5 C to 21 C.
During the same period, pH was found to drop from 8.6 at the surface to 8.5 at 5 meters, 8.0 at 10 meters, and to 7.8 at the bottom (16 meters). Secchi disc depth corresponded to 14% of the incident radiation, this depth varying from l.3 to l.8 meters during the algal bloom. The photic zone (1% of incident radiation) extended to 3.5 meters depth.
Water samples were collected from late April until early October , and these were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) using a Beckman model 915 total organic carbon analyzer. The organic carbon concentrations were found not to vary significantly with season or location. Many of the samples contained large numbers of Aphanizomenon but carbon analyses did not reflect this. It was concluded that the phytoplankton carbon in the reservoir was so much smaller than the carbon in the form of other organic materials, such as microseston, bacteria, detritus, colloids, and dissolved material, that fluctuations in algal carbon were therefore masked by the large amount of carbon continually present in these other forms. The mean organic carbon concentration for the lake was 4.6 mg/1 (n=118, s=1.47) and the range was from 1.2 to 8.9 mg TOC/1.
The repeatability of measurements with the carbon analyzer is only within a range of 2 mg C/1, so the instrument is not sufficiently accurate for lake water analysis without the use of concentration techniques. Some trends were observed, but only at a l ow level of statistical significance: TOC concentration decreased slightly with depth, and TOC was correlated with stream discharge in the Little Bear River, which feeds the reservoir. An increase in TOC concentration in the reservoir during the algal bloom could not be verified statistically.
A giant pulse ruby laser : construction and techniques of operation
Creators: name: Churchland, Mark T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A giant pulse ruby laser was constructed using a 6" long by ½" diameter ruby crystal. Techniques are discussed for controlling the temporal and spectral distribution of the laser output. A "Q" spoiling dye cell (cryptocyanine in methanol) was used to produce output pulses of 150 megawatts. "Mode locking" modulation of the output was also observed using the above dye cell. Using multiple surface front mirrors and apertures (3 to 5 mm. in diameter) the spectral line width of the output was reduced to .05 A.