cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Utah Growing Water Smart: The Water-Land Use Integration Guidebook for Southwestern Utah
Creators: name: Kopp, Kelly
name: Endter-Wada, Joanna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: The Utah Growing Water Smart workshop brings together key community staff and water and land use planning decision makers to help build a more resilient and sustainable water future. The workshop uses a range of public engagement, planning, communication, and policy implementation tools to help community teams realize their water efficiency, smart growth, watershed health, and water resiliency goals.
Spherically symmetric solutions of the $λ$-R model
Creators: name: Loll, Renate
name: Pires, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive spherically symmetric solutions of the classical λ-R model, a minimal, anisotropic modification of general relativity with a preferred foliation and two local degrees of freedom. Starting from a 3 + 1 decomposition of the four-metric in a general spherically symmetric ansatz, we perform a phase space analysis of the reduced model. We show that its constraint algebra is consistent with that of the full λ-R model, and also yields a constant mean curvature or maximal slicing condition as a tertiary constraint. Although the solutions contain the standard Schwarzschild geometry for the general relativistic value λ= 1 or for vanishing mean extrinsic curvature K, they are in general non-static, incompatible with asymptotic flatness and parametrized not only by a conserved mass. We show by explicit computation that the four-dimensional Ricci scalar of the solutions is in general time-dependent and nonvanishing.
description: 30 pages, no figures
Antioxidant supplements intervention trial
Creators: name: 陈邦维(Bangwei Chen)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metagenome
Multiisolate
Medical

description: In this study, we observed the longitudinal effects of the above 3 popular dietary supplements on the gut microbiota over 3 months of intervention followed by a 3-month washout period in a randomized controlled trial.
A comprehensive assessment of exome capture methods for FFPE samples
Creators: name: 朱亚兵(Yabing Zhu)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Monoisolate

description: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of three main commercially available exome capture kits and evaluated key experimental parameters. The results provide valuable insights into the best practices for obtaining high-quality data from FFPE samples.
Bulk RNA-seq of sorted CD34-positive and CD34-negative cells from knee synovium of SC patients
Creators: name: 李啸宇(Xiaoyu Li)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Monoisolate
Medical

description: We isolated and cultured CD34-positive and CD34-negative cells from the knee synovium of patients with synovial chondromatosis (SC). Bulk RNA sequencing was applied to the two types of cells.
Barjols, atelier Fabre, quatre becs de galoubet aux stades successifs de finition
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
title: Enhancing Stakeholder Engagement to Achieve the Sustainable Management of Free-roaming Equids
Creators: name: Carlisle, Celeste
name: Adams, Dan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Wild horse (Equus caballus) and burro (E. asinus; WHB) stakeholders in the American West are divergent in their views of free-roaming equids on public lands. Management authority for free-roaming equids on designated public lands was given to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) in 1971 by U.S. Congress with the passing of the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act (WFRHBA). In 1976, the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) mandated the BLM to manage public lands for multiple-uses, which included livestock grazing, energy development, recreation, and timber harvest. Since the passage of WFRHBA and FLPMA, almost every WHB management option has been met with frustration and contention by some faction of stakeholders. Currently, WHB populations on designated public lands exceed numbers the BLM and USFS determined were in balance with other multiple-uses. Historically, true collaboration around the issue has been lacking apart from the banding together of like-minded organizations. As climate change exacerbates resource impacts on Western public landscapes, leaving already arid lands drier and forage amounts and diversity lessened, the need for true collaboration among divergent stakeholders is abundantly clear. However, how to collaborate sustainably and healthily is unclear. In this paper, we outline a framework, specifically with the BLM in mind, for achieving collaboration with diverse stakeholders and decision-makers.
Maximal quantum Fisher information matrix
Creators: name: Chen, Yu
name: Yuan, Haidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the existence of the maximal quantum Fisher information matrix in multi-parameter quantum estimation, which bounds the ultimate precision limit. We show that when the maximal quantum Fisher information matrix exists, it can be directly obtained from the underlying dynamics. Examples are then provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the maximal quantum Fisher information matrix by deriving various tradeoff relations in multi-parameter quantum estimation and obtaining the bounds for the scalings of the precision limit.
description: 6 pages
title: Utah Growing Water Smart: The Water-Land Use Integration Guidebook
Creators: name: Kopp, Kelly
name: Endter-Wada, Joanna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: The Utah Growing Water Smart workshop brings together key community staff and water and land use planning decision-makers to help build a more resilient and sustainable water future. The workshop uses a range of public engagement, planning, communication, and policy implementation tools to help community teams realize their water efficiency, smart growth, watershed health, and water resiliency goals.
Mass spectrum and decay constants of radially excited vector mesons
Creators: name: Mojica, Fredy F.
name: Vera, Carlos E.
name: Rojas, Eduardo
name: El-Bennich, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the masses and weak decay constants of flavorless ground and radially excited $J^P=1^-$ mesons and the corresponding quantities for the K^*, within a Poincaré covariant continuum framework based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We use in both, the quark's gap equation and the meson bound-state equation, an infrared massive and finite interaction in the leading symmetry-preserving truncation. While our numerical results are in rather good agreement with experimental values where they are available, no single parametrization of the QCD inspired interaction reproduces simultaneously the ground and excited mass spectrum, which confirms earlier work on pseudoscalar mesons. This feature being a consequence of the lowest truncation, we pin down the range and strength of the interaction in both cases to identify common qualitative features that may help to tune future interaction models beyond the rainbow-ladder approximation.
PROTOCOLO DE REVISÃO DE ESCOPO RÁPIDA: Escalas de hesitação vacinal
Creators: name: Equipe NESCON- UFMG
name: De Melo, Roberta Crevelário
name: De Araujo, Bruna Carolina
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e mapear de forma sistemática os estudos desenvolvidos sobre escalas de hesitação vacinal.
Improving the Accuracy of the CogniLearn System for Cognitive Behavior Assessment
Creators: name: Ghaderi, Amir
name: Gattupalli, Srujana
name: Ebert, Dylan
name: Sharifara, Ali
name: Athitsos, Vassilis
name: Makedon, Fillia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: HTKS is a game-like cognitive assessment method, designed for children between four and eight years of age. During the HTKS assessment, a child responds to a sequence of requests, such as "touch your head" or "touch your toes". The cognitive challenge stems from the fact that the children are instructed to interpret these requests not literally, but by touching a different body part than the one stated. In prior work, we have developed the CogniLearn system, that captures data from subjects performing the HTKS game, and analyzes the motion of the subjects. In this paper we propose some specific improvements that make the motion analysis module more accurate. As a result of these improvements, the accuracy in recognizing cases where subjects touch their toes has gone from 76.46% in our previous work to 97.19% in this paper.
title: Utah Growing Water Smart: The Water-Land Use Integration Guidebook
Creators: name: Kopp, Kelly
name: Endter-Wada, Joanna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The Utah Growing Water Smart workshop brings key community staff and decision-makers on water and land use planning together to collaborate to help build a more resilient and sustainable water future. The workshop uses a range of public engagement, planning, communication, and policy implementation tools to help community teams realize their water efficiency, smart growth, watershed health, and water resiliency goals.
Experimental generalized quantum suppression law in Sylvester interferometers
Creators: name: Viggianiello, Niko
name: Flamini, Fulvio
name: Innocenti, Luca
name: Cozzolino, Daniele
name: Bentivegna, Marco
name: Spagnolo, Nicolò
name: Crespi, Andrea
name: Brod, Daniel J.
name: Galvão, Ernesto F.
name: Osellame, Roberto
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic interference is a key quantum resource for optical quantum computation, and in particular for so-called boson sampling machines. In interferometers with certain symmetries, genuine multiphoton quantum interference effectively suppresses certain sets of events, as in the original Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. Recently, it was shown that some classical and semi-classical models could be ruled out by identifying such suppressions in Fourier interferometers. Here we propose a suppression law suitable for random-input experiments in multimode Sylvester interferometers, and verify it experimentally using 4- and 8-mode integrated interferometers. The observed suppression is stronger than what is observed in Fourier interferometers of the same size, and could be relevant to certification of boson sampling machines and other experiments relying on bosonic interference.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures + 11 pages, 3 figures Supplementary Information
title: Xylazine Overdose Prevention Pamphlet
Creators: name: Shang, Margaret
name: Stephen, Murray
name: Alves, Justin
name: LaBelle, Colleen
name: Jawa, Raagini
Publisher: name: University of Pittsburgh
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01an3r305
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: A harm reduction guide on xylazine overdose prevention for people who use drugs. Guide is designed as a bifold pocket-sized (5.5" x 4.25") pamphlet.
Vectorial spin-polarization detection in multichannel spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using an Ir(001) imaging spin filter
Creators: name: Schaefer, Erik D.
name: Borek, Stephan
name: Braun, Jürgen
name: Minár, Ján
name: Ebert, Hubert
name: Medjanik, Katerina
name: Schönhense, Gerd
name: Elmers, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on spin- and angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy using a high-resolution imaging spin filter based on a large Ir(001) crystal enhancing the effective figure of merit for spin detection by a factor of over $10^3$ compared to standard single channel detectors. Furthermore, we review the spin filter preparation, and its lifetime. The spin filter efficiency is mapped on a broad range of scattering energies and azimuthal angles. Large spin filter efficiencies are observed for the spin component perpendicular as well as parallel to the scattering plane depending on the azimuthal orientation of the spin filter crystal. A spin rotator capable of manipulating the spin direction prior to detection complements the measurement of three observables, thus allowing for a derivation of all three components of the spin polarization vector in multichannel spin polarimetry. The experimental results nicely agree with spin-polarized low energy electron diffraction calculations based on a fully relativistic multiple scattering method in the framework of spin-polarized density functional theory.
Low-energy theory for strained graphene: an approach up to second-order in the strain tensor
Creators: name: Oliva-Leyva, Maurice
name: Wang, Chumin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical study of low-energy electronic excited states in an uniformly strained graphene is carried out up to second-order in the strain tensor. We report an new effective Dirac Hamiltonian with an anisotropic Fermi velocity tensor, which reveals the graphene trigonal symmetry being absent in low-energy theories to first-order in the strain tensor. In particular, we demonstrate the dependence of the Dirac-cone elliptical deformation on the stretching direction respect to graphene lattice orientation. We further analytically calculate the optical conductivity tensor of strained graphene and its transmittance for a linearly polarized light with normal incidence. Finally, the obtained analytical expression of the Dirac point shift allows a better determination and understanding of pseudomagnetic fields induced by nonuniform strains.
description: To appear in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Code for Study Long-Term Changes in Urban Bird Populations: Correspondence of the Trends between Urban and Rural Areas
Creators: name: Grunwald, Jan
name: Hanzelka, Jan
name: Voříšek, Petr
name: Reif, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Code for the study "Long-term changes in urban bird populations: correspondence of the trends between urban and rural areas".

Code was written in R.
Optimized thermoelectric sensitivity measurement for differential thermometry with thermopiles
Creators: name: Prangemeier, Tim
name: Nejati, Iman
name: Müller, Andreas
name: Endres, Philip
name: Fratzl, Mario
name: Dietzel, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel approach to calibrate the sensitivity of a differential thermometer, consisting of several thermocouples connected in series (thermopile), has been developed. The goal of this method is to increase the accuracy of small temperature difference measurements ($ΔT \leq 1\:\textrm{K}$), without invoking higher sensor complexity. To this end, a method to determine the optimal temperature difference employed during the differential measurement of thermoelectric sensitivities has been developed. This calibration temperature difference is found at the minimum of combined measurement and linearization error for a given mean temperature. The developed procedure is demonstrated in an illustrative example calibration of a nine-junction thermopile. For mean temperatures between $-10\:^{o}\textrm{C}$ and $15\:^{o}\textrm{C}$, the thermoelectric sensitivity was measured with an uncertainty of less than $\pm 2\:\%$. Subsequently, temperature differences as low as $10^{-2}\:\textrm{K}$ can be resolved, while the thermometer used for the example calibration was accurate only to $\pm 0.3\:\textrm{K}$. This and higher degrees of accuracy are required in certain research applications, for example to detect heat flux modulations in bifurcating fluidic systems.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Optimal sampling design for global approximation of jump diffusion SDEs
Creators: name: Przybyłowicz, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68Q25, 65C30

description: The paper deals with strong global approximation of SDEs driven by two independent processes: a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and a Wiener process. We assume that the jump and diffusion coefficients of the underlying SDE satisfy jump commutativity condition. We establish the exact convergence rate of minimal errors that can be achieved by arbitrary algorithms based on a finite number of observations of the Poisson and Wiener processes. We consider classes of methods that use equidistant or nonequidistant sampling of the Poisson and Wiener processes. We provide a construction of optimal methods, based on the classical Milstein scheme, which asymptotically attain the established minimal errors. The analysis implies that methods based on nonequidistant mesh are more efficient than those based on the equidistant mesh.
title: Variability in Consumption and End Uses of Water for Residential Users
Creators: name: Bastidas Pacheco, Camilo J.
name: Horsburg, Jeffery S.
name: Nour, Attallah A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Research Objective/Summary: In most large urban water systems in the US, the residential sector consumes the majority of total supplied fresh water. In a world plagued with increasing water scarcity and climate change stresses, understanding individual home water end-uses is vital to water management and conservation. We studied the end uses of water in residential homes, both indoor and outdoor to find patterns and variations in consumption over time. Results indicate a need for more efficient water fixtures, particularly toilets, and provide an opportunity to promote conservation behavior.
title: An Open-Source, Semisupervised Water End-Use Disaggregation and Classification Tool
Creators: name: Attallah, Nour A.
name: Horsburgh, Jeffery S.
name: Bastidas Pacheco, Camilo J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Research Objective/Summary: Research on individual household water consumption is vital to water management and conservation approaches. Despite a significant number of papers published on end-use disaggregation tools, reproduction and further study of results on water-use behavior is difficult because the data and code are not easily accessible. In order to fulfill this need for open and reproducible tools, we present a new, semisupervised, non-intrusive water end-use disaggregation and classification tool.
Galerkin Least-Squares Stabilization in Ice Sheet Modeling - Accuracy, Robustness, and Comparison to other Techniques
Creators: name: Helanow, Christian
name: Ahlkrona, Josefin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 86A40 (primary) 76M10, 76A05, 76A20

description: We investigate the accuracy and robustness of one of the most common methods used in glaciology for the discretization of the $\mathfrak{p}$-Stokes equations: equal order finite elements with Galerkin Least-Squares (GLS) stabilization. Furthermore we compare the results to other stabilized methods. We find that the vertical velocity component is more sensitive to the choice of GLS stabilization parameter than horizontal velocity. Additionally, the accuracy of the vertical velocity component is especially important since errors in this component can cause ice surface instabilities and propagate into future ice volume predictions. If the element cell size is set to the minimum edge length and the stabilization parameter is allowed to vary non-linearly with viscosity, the GLS stabilization parameter found in literature is a good choice on simple domains. However, near ice margins the standard parameter choice may result in significant oscillations in the vertical component of the surface velocity. For these cases, other stabilization techniques, such as the interior penalty method, result in better accuracy and are less sensitive to the choice of the stabilization parameter. During this work we also discovered that the manufactured solutions often used to evaluate errors in glaciology are not reliable due to high artificial surface forces at singularities. We perform our numerical experiments in both FEniCS and Elmer/Ice.
description: 32 pages, 17 figures
Scale-free behavior of networks with the copresence of preferential and uniform attachment rules
Creators: name: Pachon, Angelica
name: Sacerdote, Laura
name: Yang, Shuyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C80, 90B15, 60J80

description: Complex networks in different areas exhibit degree distributions with heavy upper tail. A preferential attachment mechanism in a growth process produces a graph with this feature. We herein investigate a variant of the simple preferential attachment model, whose modifications are interesting for two main reasons: to analyze more realistic models and to study the robustness of the scale free behavior of the degree distribution. We introduce and study a model which takes into account two different attachment rules: a preferential attachment mechanism (with probability 1-p) that stresses the rich get richer system, and a uniform choice (with probability p) for the most recent nodes. The latter highlights a trend to select one of the last added nodes when no information is available. The recent nodes can be either a given fixed number or a proportion (αn) of the total number of existing nodes. In the first case, we prove that this model exhibits an asymptotically power-law degree distribution. The same result is then illustrated through simulations in the second case. When the window of recent nodes has constant size, we herein prove that the presence of the uniform rule delays the starting time from which the asymptotic regime starts to hold. The mean number of nodes of degree k and the asymptotic degree distribution are also determined analytically. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the parameters of the model is performed.
Matching issue in quasi parton distribution approach
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Tomomi
name: Ma, Yan-Qing
name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
name: Yoshida, Shinsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the quasi parton distribution has been introduced for extracting the parton distribution functions from lattice QCD simulations. The quasi and standard distribution share the same perturbative collinear singularity and the renormalized quasi distribution can be factorized into the standard distribution with a perturbative matching factor. The quasi parton distribution is known to have power-law UV divergences, which do not exist in the standard distribution. We discuss in this talk the nonperturbative renormalization scheme for the power divergence. We also demonstrate the perturbative matching of the quasi quark distribution between continuum and lattice at the one-loop.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, talk presented at the 34th annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2016), 24-30 July 2016, University of Southampton, UK
A Proposal to Extend Expected Utility in a Quantum Probabilistic Framework
Creators: name: Aerts, Diederik
name: Haven, Emmanuel
name: Sozzo, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Expected utility theory (EUT) is widely used in economic theory. However, its subjective probability formulation, first elaborated by Savage, is linked to Ellsberg-like paradoxes and ambiguity aversion. This has led various scholars to work out non-Bayesian extensions of EUT which cope with its paradoxes and incorporate attitudes toward ambiguity. A variant of the Ellsberg paradox, recently proposed by Mark Machina and confirmed experimentally, challenges existing non-Bayesian models of decision-making under uncertainty. Relying on a decade of research which has successfully applied the formalism of quantum theory to model cognitive entities and fallacies of human reasoning, we put forward a non-Bayesian extension of EUT in which subjective probabilities are represented by quantum probabilities, while the preference relation between acts depends on the state of the situation that is the object of the decision. We show that the benefits of using the quantum theoretical framework enables the modeling of the Ellsberg and Machina paradoxes, as the representation of ambiguity and behavioral attitudes toward it. The theoretical framework presented here is a first step toward the development of a `state-dependent non-Bayesian extension of EUT' and it has potential applications in economic modeling.
description: 25 pages, standard latex. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1510.09058
title: Asymmetric Trust in Distributed Systems
Creators: name: Zanolini, Luca
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems
subject: 510 Mathematics

description: Secure distributed systems rely on trust. A trust assumption specifies the failures that a system can tolerate and determines the conditions under which it operates correctly. Trust in secure distributed systems has traditionally been devised in a symmetric way, where every participant in the system adheres to the same, global notion of trust through a fail-prone system, a collection of subsets of participants that can fail together and are tolerated to fail in an execution. However, recent advances in the field, particularly in the context of blockchain networks, have led to the development of new models of trust that allow participants to express their own beliefs in a subjective way.
In this thesis, we study in detail and extend with new results the model of asymmetric trust first introduced by Damgård, Desmedt, Fitzi, and Nielsen (ASIACRYPT 2007), and carried on by Cachin and Tackmann (OPODIS 2019). We develop the first asynchronous consensus protocol that works in this model and evaluate its properties and resilience against Byzantine failures. This protocol results in an optimal randomized Byzantine consensus protocol with subjective, asymmetric trust and constant expected running time. 
Furthermore, we define a composition rule that allows for the joining of distributed systems based on asymmetric trust. These composition rule ensures that if the original systems allow for running a particular protocol (guaranteeing consistency and availability), then the joint system will as well, while tolerating as many faults as possible. 
Finally, we expand the asymmetric trust model to work in permissionless settings, where the number of participants in the system is not known, such as in blockchain systems. We do so by enabling processes not only to make assumptions about failures, but also to make assumptions about the assumptions of other processes. The resulting model generalizes existing models such as the classic fail-prone system model [Malkhi and Reiter, 1998] and the asymmetric fail-prone system model. 
Our contributions provide new insights into the notion of trust in secure distributed systems and offer solutions for enhancing the security and reliability of these systems in the presence of Byzantine failures. The results of this thesis have the potential to improve the security of distributed systems, particularly in applications such as blockchain systems.
Quantitative characterization of pore structure of several biochars with 3D imaging
Creators: name: Hyväluoma, Jari
name: Kulju, Sampo
name: Hannula, Markus
name: Wikberg, Hanne
name: Källi, Anssi
name: Rasa, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pore space characteristics of biochars may vary depending on the used raw material and processing technology. Pore structure has significant effects on the water retention properties of biochar amended soils. In this work, several biochars were characterized with three-dimensional imaging and image analysis. X-ray computed microtomography was used to image biochars at resolution of 1.14 $μ$m and the obtained images were analysed for porosity, pore-size distribution, specific surface area and structural anisotropy. In addition, random walk simulations were used to relate structural anisotropy to diffusive transport. Image analysis showed that considerable part of the biochar volume consist of pores in size range relevant to hydrological processes and storage of plant available water. Porosity and pore-size distribution were found to depend on the biochar type and the structural anisotopy analysis showed that used raw material considerably affects the pore characteristics at micrometre scale. Therefore attention should be paid to raw material selection and quality in applications requiring optimized pore structure.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x
Amygdala mechanisms of fear suppression
Creators: name: Amir, Alon
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: The amygdala plays a critical role in mediating fear responses to a cue (CS) that was previously associated with danger (US) or to species-specific stimuli such as predators. However, for proper behavioral functioning, these defensive behavioral tendencies must, at times, be suppressed. For example, animals have to suppress fear responses elicited by the CS when the CS is presented repeatedly in the absence of the US, a process called extinction of conditioned fear responses. In addition, animals have evolved defensive strategies that minimize the likelihood of encounters with predators. However, in order to attain food, these defensive strategies must be suppressed. Intercalated (ITC) amygdala neurons are thought to play a critical role in the extinction of conditioned fear. However, we lack criteria to identify ITC cells in vivo and as a result, it has been impossible to test key predictions of ITC extinction models. Among these, it was predicted that ITC cells are strongly excited by infralimbic inputs, explaining why infralimbic inhibition interferes with extinction. In the first chapter, I found ITC cells are strongly responsive to infralimbic stimuli and their unique responses to infralimbic inputs constitute a reliable criterion to identify them in behaving animals. In addition, the amygdala regulates innate fear in a foraging task. In this task, rats had to leave a safe nest to retrieve food positioned at various distances from a robot predator. Intra-amygdala infusions of drugs that reduced or enhanced the activity of amygdala neurons respectively led to increases or decreases in risk-taking. While these findings indicate that the amygdala regulates innate fear responses, how it does so is unclear. To address this question, I recorded neurons in the basolateral nucleus while rats engaged in the foraging task. I found that the vast majority of projection cells became silent upon initiation of foraging. Last, by comparing the activity of BL cells during the foraging task with tasks that did not include explicit threats or rewards, we found that BL activity is best understood as reflecting a continuous evaluative process where internal states, reward availability, and threat determine whether rats will engage in a situation.
High intensity generation of entangled photons in a two-mode electromagnetic field
Creators: name: Makarov, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At present, the sources of entangled photons have a low rate of photon generation. This limitation is a key component of quantum informatics for the realization of such functions as linear quantum computation and quantum teleportation. In this paper, we propose a method for high intensity generation of entangled photons in a two-mode electromagnetic field. On the basis of exact solutions of the Schr{ö}dinger equation, in the conditions of interaction of the electrons in an atom with a strong two-mode electromagnetic field, it is shown that there may be large quantum entanglement between photons. The quantum entanglement is analyzed on the basis of the Schmidt parameter. It is shown that the Schmidt parameter can reach very high values depending on the choice of characteristics of the two-mode fields. We find the Wigner function for the considered case. Violation of Bell's inequalities for continuous variables is demonstrated.
Josephson Current in Ballistic Graphene Corbino Disk
Creators: name: Abdollahipour, Babak
name: Mohammadkhani, Ramin
name: Khalilzadeh, Mina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve Dirac-Bogoliubov-De-Gennes (DBdG) equation in a superconductor-normal graphene superconductor (SGS) junction with Corbino disk structure to investigate the Josephson current through this junction. We find that the critical current $I_c$ has a nonzero value at Dirac point in which the concentration of the carriers is zero. We show this nonzero critical current depends on the system geometry and it decreases monotonically to zero by increasing the ratio of the outer to inner radii of the Corbino disk ($R_2/R_1$), while in the limit of $R_2/R_1 \rightarrow 1$ it scales like a diffusive Corbino disk. The product of the critical current and the normal-state resistance $I_cR_N$ attains the same value for the planar structure at zero doping. These results reveals the pseudodiffusive behavior of the graphene Corbino Josephson junction similar to the planar structure.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Neuroimmune signaling in alcohol abuse
Creators: name: Warden, Anna Senia Britta
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Neuroimmunology
Addiction
Microglia
Alcohol use disorder
Alcohol
Toll-like receptors
Innate immunity

description: Chronic alcohol use produces vast changes in gene expression and function across peripheral organs and the brain. These ethanol-induced adaptations eventually lead to alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorder (AUD), depending on both genetic and environmental factors. Recent evidence suggests that the interplay between brain, behavior and immune response plays a crucial role in the transition from alcohol misuse to dependence and the development of AUD. Previous work has connected neuroimmune signaling to regulation of alcohol behaviors. This dissertation seeks to address two major gaps in knowledge in our field: (1) which innate immune signaling pathway mediates alcohol behaviors; (2) when microglia, the primary immune cell in the brain, are casual regulators of alcohol behaviors. I apply immunological, pharmacological, and network-based approaches to gain mechanistic insight into how neuroimmune signaling regulates alcohol abuse. In this dissertation I provide evidence that neuroimmune signaling regulates alcohol abuse. First, I developed a viral innate immune model of excessive drinking. I demonstrated that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mediates alcohol consumption in a sex- and genotype-specific manner, dependent upon the duration of innate immune activation. Using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics, I further defined the transcriptomic and cell type-specific perturbations that regulate neuroimmune-induced escalations in alcohol intake—microglial immune response and the extracellular matrix. Further characterization of peripheral immune cell recruitment demonstrated that plasmacytoid dendritic cells may be an important cell type in this model. I also found that although microglia are implicated in alcohol abuse and dependence, microglia depletion does not change many alcohol behaviors. Instead, transcriptomic analysis implicated astrocytes in regulation of acute and voluntary drinking. Whereas, microglia regulated context-specific behaviors. The final component of this dissertation examined how we can leverage gene expression information to predict novel therapeutic compounds to treat alcohol abuse. I applied transcriptome-based computational approaches to predict compounds that regulate excessive drinking. Top predictions were validated in vivo, reinforcing a role for type I interferon signaling, the extracellular matrix and anti-inflammatory drugs in alcohol abuse. The results of this dissertation further our understanding of how neuroimmune signaling regulates alcohol abuse and proposes several new therapeutic targets to treat excessive drinking.
Simulation of cold neutron production using ordinary and deuterated cryogenic organic moderators
Creators: name: Niset, Martin Luc
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Cold neutrons
subject: Cold neutron production
subject: Deuterated moderators
subject: Texas Cold Neutron Source
subject: TRIGA
subject: Ultracold Neutron Source
subject: Computer codes
subject: Thermal scattering
subject: Thermal neutron flux
subject: Thermal cross sections
subject: Cold neutrons

description: The objective of this thesis is to investigate the use of deuterated organic moderator to produce cold neutron in a reactor based cold neutron source. This is of interest for two reasons: first, for possible enhancement of the operation of the Texas Cold Neutron Source located at the TRIGA reactor of the Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory at the University of Texas; second, for the design of an Ultracold Neutron Source. Two computer codes were used to achieve this objective: NJOY 97 to generate the necessary thermal scattering cross sections; MCNP 4B to simulate the thermalization and transport of the neutrons in the Texas Cold Neutron Source. The generation of thermal neutron cross sections from neutron scattering laws by NJOY was intensively studied for methane (CH₄) at 22K. The influence of several key physical and numerical parameters of the input file were investigated. The results obtained gave a good understanding on how to generate the cross section in the best capability of the code NJOY. The calculated scattering cross sections were then tested by MCNP to match an experiment performed by Utsuro (1975). Although the experiment was done with a different organic moderator, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (mesithylene), the effects associated to the three methyl radicals should be present in the case of methane. The results of this study gave confidence that the cross sections generated by NJOY match rather well the physical cross section of organic materials. Finally, using thermal cross section for methane and deuterated methane generated by NJOY, the performance of the Texas Cold Neutron Source was simulated using MCNP under a variety of conditions. The incident thermal neutron flux coming from the core of the TRIGA reactor at NETL was simulated. Moderation of these neutrons takes place in the TCNS chamber and cold neutrons entering the neutron guide were tallied. The effect of mixing ordinary and deuterated moderators was determined
Monmouth University Poll: Pennsylvania GOP Primary, April 2016
Creators: name: Monmouth University Polling Institute
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2024

description: Registered to vote (1); voter likelihood (1); Republican/Democratic presidential primary (2); Republican presidential primary candidates (3); Businessman Donald Trump vs. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton vs. an Independent (1); Senator Ted Cruz vs. Clinton vs. an Independent (1); Governor John Kasich vs. Clinton vs. an Independent (1); Kasich Pennsylvania Support (2); Joe Peters vs State Senator John Rafferty for Pennsylvania Attorney General (1).
Thinner is not Always Better: Cascade Knapsack Problems
Creators: name: Krishnamoorthy, Bala
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.6
subject: 90C10, 11H06

description: In the context of branch-and-bound (B&B) for integer programming (IP) problems, a direction along which the polyhedron of the IP has minimum width is termed a thin direction. We demonstrate that a thin direction need not always be a good direction to branch on for solving the problem efficiently. Further, the integer width, which is the number of B&B nodes created when branching on the direction, may also not be an accurate indicator of good branching directions.
description: A slightly shorter version appears in Operations Research Letters (2016)
title: Xylazine Wound Care Pamphlet (Spanish Version)
Creators: name: Shang, Margaret
name: Murray, Stephen
name: Alves, Justin
name: LaBelle, Colleen
name: Jawa, Raagini
Publisher: name: University of Pittsburgh
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01an3r305
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: A xylazine wound care guide in Spanish for people who use drugs. Guide is designed as a bifold pocket-sized (5.5" x 4.25") pamphlet.
Development of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of diphtheria toxin-producing corynebacteria
Creators: name: Melnikov, V.G.
name: Berger, A.
name: Sing, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, LFIA, Elek test, diphtheria toxin

description: Two hundred of toxigenic and non-toxigenic (50/50) C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans isolated in Germany in 2019-2021 were tested for DT after using newly designed Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA). A complete agreement of the conventional method of DT detection - Elek test and the LFIA results for all the isolates was observed. The use of the LFIA makes it possible to significantly simplify DT detection and reduce the time of analysis from 24-48 to 6 hours. Thus, the possibility of replacing the Elek test with the LFIA appears real. The availability of such a simple, reliable and affordable method for DT detection will speed up and increase the accuracy of diphtheria diagnosis globally. The efficient diphtheria laboratory diagnosis will enable timely initiation of anti-diphtheritic treatment that will save lives, prevent the development of complications, as well as stop the spread of the disease through early initiation of preventive measures.
Extinction in the Star Cluster SAI~113 and Galactic Structure in Carina
Creators: name: Carraro, Giovanni
name: Turner, David
name: Majaess, Daniel
name: Baume, Gustavo
name: Gamen, Roberto
name: Lera, Jose Molina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photometric CCD {\it UBVI}$_C$ photometry obtained for 4860 stars surrounding the embedded southern cluster SAI~113 (Skiff~8) is used to examine the reddening in the field and derive the distance to the cluster and nearby van~Genderen~1. Spectroscopic color excesses for bright cluster stars, photometric reddenings for A3 dwarfs, and dereddening of cluster stars imply that the reddening and extinction laws match results derived for other young clusters in Carina: E$_{U-B}/$E$_{B-V} \simeq 0.64$ and $R_V \simeq 4$. SAI~113 displays features that may be linked to a history of dynamical interactions among member stars: possible circumstellar reddening and rapid rotation of late B-type members, ringlike features in star density, and a compact core with most stars distributed randomly across the field. The group van~Genderen~1 resembles a stellar asterism, with potential members distributed randomly across the field. Distances of $3.90 \pm0.19$ kpc and $2.49 \pm0.09$ kpc are derived for SAI~113 and van~Genderen~1, respectively, with variable reddenings E$_{B-V}$ ranging from 0.84 to 1.29 and 0.23 to 1.28. The SRC variables CK~Car and EV~Car may be outlying members of van~Genderen~1, thereby of use for calibrating the period-luminosity relation for pulsating M supergiants. More importantly, the anomalous reddening and extinction evident in Carina and nearby regions of the Galactic plane in the fourth quadrant impact the mapping of spiral structure from young open clusters. The distribution of spiral arms in the fourth quadrant may be significantly different from how it is often portrayed.
description: 13 pages, 15 eps figure, in press in the Astronomical Journal
Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6
Creators: name: Decarli, Roberto
name: Walter, Fabian
name: Venemans, Bram P.
name: Bañados, Eduardo
name: Bertoldi, Frank
name: Carilli, Chris
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
name: Mazzucchelli, Chiara
name: Riechers, Dominik
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Strauss, Michael
name: Wang, Ran
name: Yang, Yujin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of massive ($10^{11}$ solar masses) elliptical galaxies by redshift z~4 (when the Universe was 1.5 billion years old) necessitates the presence of galaxies with star-formation rates exceeding 100 solar masses per year at z>6 (corresponding to an age of the Universe of less than 1 billion years). Surveys have discovered hundreds of galaxies at these early cosmic epochs, but their star-formation rates are more than an order of magnitude lower. The only known galaxies with very high star-formation rates at z>6 are, with only one exception, the host galaxies of quasars, but these galaxies also host accreting supermassive (more than $10^9$ solar masses) black holes, which probably affect the properties of the galaxies. Here we report observations of an emission line of singly ionized carbon ([CII] at a wavelength of 158 micrometres) in four galaxies at z>6 that are companions of quasars, with velocity offsets of less than 600 kilometers per second and linear offsets of less than 600 kiloparsecs. The discovery of these four galaxies was serendipitous; they are close to their companion quasars and appear bright in the far-infrared. On the basis of the [CII] measurements, we estimate star-formation rates in the companions of more than 100 solar masses per year. These sources are similar to the host galaxies of the quasars in [CII] brightness, linewidth and implied dynamical masses, but do not show evidence for accreting supermassive black holes. Similar systems have previously been found at lower redshift. We find such close companions in four out of twenty-five z>6 quasars surveyed, a fraction that needs to be accounted for in simulations. If they are representative of the bright end of the [CII] luminosity function, then they can account for the population of massive elliptical galaxies at z~4 in terms of cosmic space density.
description: Nature, in press