Rhinolophus beddomei K. Andersen 1905
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus beddomei

description: 103. Beddome’s Woolly Horseshoe Bat <i>Rhinolophus beddomei</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe</i> de Beddome / <b>German:</b> Beddome-Wollhaar-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura <i>de</i> Beddome <b>Other common names:</b> Bedomme's Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus beddomei</i> K. Andersen, 1905, “ <i>Wynaad</i> [= Wayanad], Mysore [= <i>Mysuru</i>], S[outh]. India.” <i>Rhinolophus beddomei</i> is included in the <i> <i>trifoliatus</i> species group and appears to be close to <i>R. trifoliatus, R.sedulus,</i> and <i> R. <i>luctus.</i> Two subspecies are recognized.</i></i> <b>Subspecies and Distribution.</b> <i>R. b.</i> <i>beddomei</i> K. Andersen, 1905 — W &amp; E India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh). <i>R.b. sobrinus</i> K Andersen, 1918 - Sri Lanka. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head-body 65-75 mm, tail 37-48 mm, ear 21-34 mm, hindfoot 12- 1-18 mm, forearm 54-9—64- 3 mm. Fur is long and <i>woolly</i>; dorsal and ventral pelage is dark brown or black (hairs with paler tips). Ears are blackish and of medium length. Noseleaf is dark brown or blackish, and has long and pointed or rounded lancet; connecting process is relatively low and broadly rounded; sella is broad and <i>widely</i> rounded off with large circular lateral lappets on either side of base; horseshoe is very wide (11 mm), covering muzzle, and has wide median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Skull is robust (zygomatic breadth is larger than mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are elongated but do not expand anteriorly to upper edge of nasal orifice, formed by a protruding bony rim; posterior swellings are more laterally situated; frontal depression is deep and long; supraorbital crests are sharp; sagittal crest is very well developed; canines are strong but relatively short. P2 is medium-sized and within tooth row or slightly displaced; P4 is small to medium-sized and extruded from the tooth row to a variable degree; P2 and P4 are almost in contact. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. Habitat. Mainly found in dense dry and tropical moist forests. Elevational range is from sea level up to elevations of 1070 m. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. Beddome’s <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat feeds on a variety of insects <i>especially</i> beetles and termites. It flies low over the ground while foraging, and will forage close to vegetation. Breeding. A pregnant female with one embryo was collected in mid-January in Sri Lanka. <i>Young</i> have been reported with females in Kerala, India, in <b>mid-May</b>, and in Sri Lanka in mid-March and late April. Females may not breed until two or three years old. Activity <b>patterns.</b> Beddome’s <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> roosts by day in small caves, dilapidated buildings, tree hollows, wells, culverts, and old and unused tunnels, or clings from overhanging rocky outcrops. It emerges late in the evening from its roosts to forage through the night. Call shape is FM/CF/FM with a peak F recorded at 38-5—38-7 kHz and durations of 48-2—58 milliseconds in the <i>Western</i> Ghats of India; another study in the <i>Western</i> Ghats reported peak frequencies of 41-7-43-3 kHz (mean 42-8 kHz) and durations of 1-4-51-5 milliseconds (mean 25-2 milliseconds). <i>A</i> recording inside a cave in Sri Lanka produced peak frequencies of 41—62-5 kHz but this huge range must be an error, perhaps including more than one species. <b>Movements, Home range and</b> Social <b>organization.</b> Beddome’s <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat roosts alone or in pairs, or sometimes in groups of three or four individuals. <b>Status and</b> Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on <i>TheIUCNRed</i> List. Beddome’s <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat is relatively widespread and common throughout much of its distribution. However, in Sri Lanka the species is regionally listed as Vulnerable according to the National Red List for the <i>country</i>, and is mostly restricted to old-growth forests with small populations. The species appears to be threatened most <b>by</b> deforestation for logging and agricultural expansion. <b>Bibliography.</b> Bates &amp; Harrison (1997), Csorba <i>eta</i> /. (2003), Edirisinghe et <i>al.</i> (2016), Koubfnovà et <i>al.</i> (2010), Kusuminda et al. (2013), Molur et <i>al.</i> (2002), Naidu &amp; Gururaj (1984), Raghuram et <i>al.</i> (2014), Rao et al. (2004), Sinha (1973), Soisook, Niyomwan et al. (2010), Soisook, Struebig et al. (2015), Srinivasulu &amp; Molur (2008b), Srinivasulu &amp; Srinivasulu (2012),Topàl &amp; Csorba (1992), Volleth et al. (2017), Wordley <i>et</i> al. (2014).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 330, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525