cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
LOFAR and HDF5: Toward a New Radio Data Standard
Creators: name: Anderson, Kenneth
name: Alexov, Anastasia
name: Baehren, Lars
name: Griessmeier, Jean-Mathias
name: Wise, Michael
name: Renting, Adriaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For decades now, scientific data volumes have experienced relentless, exponential growth. As a result, legacy astronomical data formats are straining under a burden not conceived when these formats were first introduced. With future astronomical projects ensuring this trend, ASTRON and the LOFAR project are exploring the use of the Hierarchical Data Format, version 5 (HDF5), for LOFAR radio data encapsulation. Most of LOFAR's standard data products will be stored using the HDF5 format. In addition, HDF5 analogues for traditional radio data structures such as visibility data and spectral image cubes are also being developed. The HDF5 libraries allow for the construction of distributed, entirely unbounded files. The nature of the HDF5 format further provides the ability to custom design a data encapsulation format, specifying hierarchies, content and attributes. The LOFAR project has designed several data formats that will accommodate and house all LOFAR data products, the primary styles and kinds of which are presented in this paper. With proper development and support, it is hoped that these data formats will be adopted by other astronomical projects as they, too, attempt to grapple with a future filled with mountains of data.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, proceedings from the ISKAF 2010 conference
title: Examining the role of emotion regulation in dialectical behaviour therapy self-help for binge-eating disorder
Creators: name: Singleton, Christopher William
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: Background: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for binge-eating disorder (BED) is based on an emotion regulation (ER) model of BED. This model suggests that individuals with BED struggle with ER and engage in binge-eating in an attempt to manage difficult emotions (e.g., numbing, distracting). Thus, DBT for BED focuses on the development of more adaptive ER skills so that individuals are less likely to binge eat to cope with uncomfortable feelings. While DBT is an evidence-based treatment for BED, little research has examined whether ER acts as a mechanism of change in DBT for BED. The goal of the present study was to examine the role of ER in DBT self-help (DBT-SH) for BED outcome. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of DBT-SH was conducted. A community sample of 71 adults diagnosed with BED took part in the trial. Participants were randomized to receive either DBT-SH or an active SH control condition for 12 weeks. Assessments of BED symptoms, difficulties in ER, and global distress were conducted at baseline and post-treatment. Results: Participants in both conditions demonstrated sizable improvements in binge-eating and medium-magnitude improvements ER from pre-to-post-treatment. However, there were no significant between-group differences in outcome and the associated effect sizes were small. Contrary to expectations, within the DBT-SH group, pre-post ER change did not significantly predict pre-post binge frequency change or post-treatment remission status and treatment condition did not significantly moderate the strength of this relationship. Effect sizes for these analyses were small. Discussion: The current study failed to provide evidence that ER is a mechanism of change in DBT-SH. Certain methodological limitations including small sample size and low statistical power should be considered when interpreting these results. However, it is also possible that other mechanisms of change besides ER explain how DBT-SH works for BED. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Design Of A Three Phase AC-Side Common-Mode Inductor
Creators: name: Sah, Avyay
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering electromagnetics
Electrical circuits and systems
Electrical machines and drives

description: In recent years, switch-mode power electronic converters have gained considerable popularity because of their compact size and high switching frequencies. This makes them suitable for power processing in various applications, including photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles. However, their high switching frequency capabilities have a drawback. A high-frequency common-mode voltage coupled with the switching of the power converters excites the parasitic capacitances of the system. It leads to the flow of common-mode current. Since the common-mode current flows through an unintended path, it can potentially interfere with the performance of system components. Passive filters can be used to mitigate common-mode currents. Using a common-mode inductor in conjunction with strategically placed capacitors makes it possible to limit the flow of common-mode current.
 As part of this work, passive mitigation of common-mode current will be investigated in a variable frequency drive system. In this regard, the process of designing a three-phase ac common-mode inductor is explained. As a first step, a mitigation strategy is proposed and described. Next, the issue of self-capacitance of the inductor is discussed. Afterwards, the ac common-mode inductor is designed using a multi-objective optimization-based approach. Following this are the design results, concluding the dissertation.
MiBoard: A Digital Game from a Physical World
Creators: name: Dempsey, Kyle B
name: Jackson, G. Tanner
name: Brunelle, Justin F.
name: Rowe, Michael
name: McNamara, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Increasing user engagement is constant challenge for Intelligent Tutoring Systems researchers. A current trend in the ITS field is to increase engagement of proven learning systems by integrating them within games, or adding in game like components. Incorporating proven learning methods within a game based environment is expected to add to the overall experience without detracting from the original goals, however, the current study demonstrates two important issues with regard to ITS design. First, effective designs from the physical world do not always translate into the digital world. Second, games do not necessarily improve engagement, and in some cases, they may have the opposite effect. The current study discusses the development and a brief assessment of MiBoard a multiplayer collaborative online board game designed to closely emulate a previously developed physical board game, iSTART: The Board Game.
Additional file 4 of Efficacy and safety of early target-controlled plasma volume replacement with a balanced gelatine solution versus a balanced electrolyte solution in patients with severe sepsis/septic shock: study protocol, design, and rationale of a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicentric, international clinical trial
Creators: name: Marx, Gernot
name: Zacharowski, Kai
name: Ichai, Carole
name: Asehnoune, Karim
name: Černý, Vladimír
name: Dembinski, Rolf
name: Ferrer Roca, Ricard
name: Fries, Dietmar
name: Molnar, Zsolt
name: Rosenberger, Peter
name: Sanchez-Sanchez, Manuel
name: Schürholz, Tobias
name: Dehnhardt, Tamara
name: Schmier, Sonja
name: von Kleist, Elke
name: Brauer, Ute
name: Simon, Tim-Philipp
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. List of IECs and CAs.
Some Results on the Information Loss in Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Geiger, Bernhard C.
name: Kubin, Gernot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the information loss in (nonlinear) dynamical input-output systems and provide some general results. In particular, we present an upper bound on the information loss rate, defined as the (non-negative) difference between the entropy rates of the jointly stationary stochastic processes at the input and output of the system. We further introduce a family of systems with vanishing information loss rate. It is shown that not only linear filters belong to that family, but - under certain circumstances - also finite-precision implementations of the latter, which typically consist of nonlinear elements.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to a conference
The XO Planetary Survey Project - Astrophysical False Positives
Creators: name: Poleski, Radosław
name: McCullough, Peter R.
name: Valenti, Jeff A.
name: Burke, Christopher J.
name: Machalek, Pavel
name: Janes, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for planetary transits find many astrophysical false positives as a by-product. There are four main types analyzed in the literature: a grazing-incidence eclipsing binary star, an eclipsing binary star with a small radius companion star, a blend of one or more stars with an unrelated eclipsing binary star, and a physical triple star system. We present a list of 69 astrophysical false positives that had been identified as candidates of transiting planets of the on-going XO survey. This list may be useful in order to avoid redundant observation and characterization of these particular candidates independently identified by other wide-field searches for transiting planets. The list may be useful for those modeling the yield of the XO survey and surveys similar to it. Subsequent observations of some of the listed stars may improve mass-radius relations, especially for low-mass stars. From the candidates exhibiting eclipses, we report three new spectroscopic double-line binaries and give mass function estimations for 15 single lined spectroscopic binaries.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJS
Photon Mass and Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Creators: name: Accioly, A.
name: Helayël-Neto, J.
name: Scatena, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relation between the photon mass, its frequency, $ν$, and the deflection parameter, $γ$, determined by experimentalists (which characterizes the contribution of space curvature to gravitational deflection) is found. This amazing result allows us to conclude that the knowledge of the parameters $ν$ and $γ$ is all we need to set up gravitational bounds on the photon mass. By considering as inputs the most recent measurements of the solar gravitational deflection of radio waves obtained via the Very Long Baseline Interferometry, upper bounds on the photon mass are estimated.
description: Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D
Gamed-based iSTART Practice: From MiBoard to Self-Explanation Showdown
Creators: name: Brunelle, Justin F.
name: Jackson, G. Tanner
name: Dempsey, Kyle
name: Boonthum, Chutima
name: Levinstein, Irwin B.
name: McNamara, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: MiBoard (Multiplayer Interactive Board Game) is an online, turnbased board game that was developed to assess the integration of game characteristics (point rewards, game-like interaction, and peer feedback) and how that might affect student engagement and learning efficacy. This online board game was designed to fit within the Extended Practice module of iSTART (Interactive Strategy Training for Active Reading and Thinking). Unfortunately, preliminary research shows that MiBoard actually reduces engagement and does not benefit the quality of student self-explanations when compared to the original Extended Practice module. Consequently the MiBoard framework has been revamped to create Self-Explanation Showdown, a faster-paced, less analytically oriented game that adds competition to the creation of self-explanations. Students are evaluated on the quality of their self-explanations using the same assessment algorithms from iSTART Extended Practice module (this includes both word-based and LSA-based assessments). The technical issues involved in development of MiBoard and Self- Explanation Showdown are described. The lessons learned from the MiBoard experience are also discussed in this paper.
Bereavement and spirituality : mourning loss of a parent using Jewish rituals
Creators: name: Shurack, Nuta Yisrael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Coping with the loss of a loved one is one of the greatest challenges a person faces. Research shows that rituals can be beneficial during mourning, yet there is limited literature documenting the experiences of Jewish individuals and how using Jewish rituals affected their bereavement. This qualitative study explored the experiences of Jewish adults who have mourned the loss of a parent using Jewish rituals. Drawing on aspects of phenomenology, I examined the subjective experiences of individuals who had experienced the loss of a parent. In-depth interviews were used to gain understanding of which Jewish rituals individuals chose to engage in and why. By examining participants’ experiences and what meaning they attributed to their lived experiences with these rituals, I aimed to enhance understanding of how Jewish rituals were perceived and experienced. Four individuals participated in this study: three females and one male. The female participants were 37, 53, and 72 years old, and the male participant was 68 years old. The study examined how each person felt about the rituals they utilized and what meaning they made of the experience. It further sought common themes from the four participants that could inform social workers' and pastoral counselors' practice, as well as further understanding of experiences of individuals who had lost a parent. Findings were that several rituals had a positive effect on individuals mourning by making the bereavement period less stressful and smoother. This was true regardless of how religious participants were (or were at the time they engaged in them). The study also revealed that individuals recommended the use of rituals to people when mourning the loss of a parent.
Identification of the Molecule-Metal Bonding Geometries of Molecular Nanowires
Creators: name: Demir, Firuz
name: Kirczenow, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular nanowires in which a single molecule bonds chemically to two metal electrodes and forms a stable electrically conducting bridge between them have been studied intensively for more than a decade. However the experimental determination of the bonding geometry between the molecule and electrodes has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate by means of ab initio calculations that inelastic tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) can determine these geometries. We identify the bonding geometries at the gold-sulfur interfaces of propanedithiolate molecules bridging gold electrodes that give rise to the specific IETS signatures that were observed in recent experiments.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. To be published in Journal of Chemical Physics: http://jcp.aip.org/; http://jcp.aip.org/resource/1/jcpsa6/v134/i12/p121103_s1
A Review of Input and Output Policies for Cereals Production in India
Creators: name: Shreedhar, Ganga
name: Neelmani Gupta
name: Pullabhotla, Hemant
name: A. Ganesh-Kumar
name: Gulati, Ashok
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: A Review of Input and Output Policies for Cereals Production in India
The G305 star forming complex: Wide-Area molecular mapping of NH3 and H2O masers
Creators: name: Hindson, L.
name: Thompson, M. A.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Clark, J. S.
name: Davies, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present wide area radio (12 mm) Mopra Telescope observations of the complex and rich massive star forming region G305. Our goals are to determine the reservoir for star formation within G305 using NH3 to trace the dense molecular content, and thus, the gas available to form stars; estimate physical parameters of detected NH3 clumps (temperature, column density, mass etc); locate current areas of active star formation via the presence of H2O and methanol masers and the distribution of YSOs and ultra compact HII regions associated with this region. This paper details the NH3 (J,K), (1,1), (2,2) and (3,3) inversion transition and 22 GHz H2O maser observations. We observed a \sim 1.5\circ x 1\circ region with \sim 2' angular resolution and a sensitivity of \sim 60 mK per 0.4 km s^-1 channel. We identify 15 NH3 (1,1), 12 NH3 (2,2) and 6 NH3 (3,3) clumps surrounding the central HII region. The sizes of the clumps vary between < 2.6 and 10.1 pc, the average kinetic temperature of the gas is 25 K. We calculate clump masses of > 10^4 M\odot and find the total molecular mass of the complex to be \sim 6x10^5 M\odot. We note the positions of 56 star formation tracers, and discover a high degree of correlation with detected NH3 clumps. We have detected 16 H2O masers, find they correlate with the detected ammonia clumps and in general are found closer to the NH3 clump cores than star formation tracers of later evolutionary stages.
description: MNRAS accepted, 14 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables
Distinct magnetic regimes through site-selective atom substitution in the frustrated quantum antiferromagnet Cs$_2$CuCl$_{4-x}$Br$_x$
Creators: name: Cong, P. T.
name: Wolf, B.
name: de Souza, M.
name: Krueger, N.
name: Haghighirad, A. A.
name: Schoenmeyer, S. Gottlieb-
name: Ritter, F.
name: Assmus, W.
name: Opahle, I.
name: Foyevtsova, K.
name: Jeschke, H. O.
name: Valenti, R.
name: Wiehl, L.
name: Lang, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a systematic study of the magnetic properties on single crystals of the solid solution Cs$_2$CuCl$_{4-x}$Br$_x$ (0 $\leq$ x $\leq$ 4), which include the two known end-member compounds Cs$_2$CuCl$_4$ and Cs$_2$CuBr$_4$, classified as quasi-two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets with different degrees of magnetic frustration. By comparative measurements of the magnetic susceptibility $χ$($T$) on as many as eighteen different Br concentrations, we found that the inplane and out-of-plane magnetic correlations, probed by the position and height of a maximum in the magnetic susceptibility, respectively, do not show a smooth variation with x. Instead three distinct concentration regimes can be identified, which are separated by critical concentrations x$_{c1}$ = 1 and x$_{c2}$ = 2. This unusual magnetic behavior can be explained by considering the structural peculiarities of the materials, especially the distorted Cu-halide tetrahedra, which support a site-selective replacement of Cl- by Br- ions. Consequently, the critical concentrations x$_{c1}$ (x$_{c2}$) mark particularly interesting systems, where one (two) halidesublattice positions are fully occupied.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
The Prevalence of Narrow Optical Fe II Emission Lines in Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Dong, Xiao-Bo
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Wang, Jian-Guo
name: Wang, Ting-Gui
name: Wang, Huiyuan
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Zhou, Hongyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From detailed spectral analysis of a large sample of low-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we demonstrate---statistically for the first time---that narrow optical Fe II emission lines, both permitted and forbidden, are prevalent in type 1 AGNs. Remarkably, these optical lines are completely absent in type 2 AGNs, across a wide luminosity range, from Seyfert 2 galaxies to type 2 quasars. We suggest that the narrow FeII-emitting gas is confined to a disk-like geometry in the innermost regions of the narrow-line region on physical scales smaller than the obscuring torus.
description: This Letter is separated from arXiv:0903.5020 (sumbitted to ApJ), with more tests on the robustness of the detection of narrow Fe II emission as well as more quantitative details and figures about narrow Fe II emission lines in AGNs. The implementation of the analytical narrow and broad Fe II templates in IDL is available at http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~xbdong/Data_Release/FeII/Template/
Interactive visualization to facilitate group deliberations in decision making processes
Creators: name: Taheri, Hamed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Structured Decision Making (SDM) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) are increasingly used to facilitate municipal and environmental decision-making. Even though it is well documented that visualization techniques can facilitate analytical activities, few studies have probed into the use of information visualization (infovis) in SDM and MCDA processes. The aim of the present study is to analyze how infovis can support participants in a real-world MCDA/SDM process surrounding an urban infrastructure-planning problem with focus on meetings held to evaluate multiple alternatives over a set of criteria. I attended as a participant in a series of SDM workshops related to the renewal of a municipal sewage treatment facility. Participatory observation was conducted of visualizations used to evaluate multiple alternatives over a number of criteria. Two interactive infovis features were identified to be particularly be beneficial for SDM-based processes: information on demand and exploration of preferences. We demonstrated an interactive computer-based tool developed by our research team, ValueCharts, in a number of meetings with potential users to get their feedback. Drawing on these results and the literature, ValueCharts was extended by our research team to a new version, Group ValueCharts, to support group deliberations during MCDA and SDM processes. An experiment was then conducted with seven participants on a stormwater management decision problem at UBC. Our results show that interactive visualization features in ValueCharts and Group ValueCharts have the potential for increasing the effectiveness of MCDA decision processes. They can facilitate comparing multiple alternatives and also probing into participants’ preferences. Interactive visualization was acknowledged by participants for improving group interaction, exchange of information, identification of sticking points, and focusing discussions on what matter for the final decision. Feedback from the participants and our observations support our conclusion that the identified infovis features hold the potential of facilitating the decision process in SDM. Understanding MCDA concepts, however, seems to be essential to get the most out of such visualization tools. If participants do not grasp MCDA concepts, some of them may become suspicious of the final ranking or not be able to identify some of sticking points that really matter.
Exact energy of the spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas at high density
Creators: name: Loos, Pierre-François
name: Gill, Peter M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the exact expansion, to $O(r_s)$, of the energy of the high-density spin-polarized two-dimensional uniform electron gas, where $r_s$ is the Seitz radius.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure and 1 table, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
title: An Analysis of Significant Cyber Incidents and the Impact on the Past, Present, and Future
Creators: name: Smith, Seth E.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: This report discusses data collected on significant cybersecurity incidents from the early 2000s to present. The first part of the report addresses previously discussed information, data, and literature (e.g. case studies), pertinent to cybersecurity incidents. The findings from this study are framed by scholarly sources and information from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, a number of notable universities, and literature online, of which all support information discussed within this report. The second part of the report discusses data compiled upon analyzing significant cyber incidents and events from the Center for Strategic and International Affairs (CSIS). Finally, the last portion of the report considers possible solutions to this ever-growing issue.
The Pseudo-Newtonian Force and Potential of the Stringy Black Holes
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to investigate the structure of the pseudo-Newtonian force and potential of the stringy black holes. We discuss conditions for the force character from an attractive to repulsive. It is also found that the force will reach a maximum under certain conditions. Also, the ratio of mass and charge is evaluated for the maximum force.
description: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Romanian J. Physics
Kaluza-Klein Cosmology With Modified Holographic Dark Energy
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Khanum, Farida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the compact Kaluza-Klein cosmology in which modified holographic dark energy is interacting with dark matter. Using this scenario, we evaluate equation of state parameter as well as equation of evolution of the modified holographic dark energy. Further, it is shown that the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds without any constraint.
description: 13 pages, accepted for publication in Gen. Relativ. Gravit
O'ZBEKISTON SHAROITIDA QAYTA TIKLANUVCHI ENERGIYA MANBALARINING ISTIQBOLLARI VA RIVOJLANISH YO'NALISHLARI
Creators: name: Boranbaeva, Z.M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalarining (quyosh, shamol, biomassa va geotermal energiya) rivojlanish istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. Dunyo tajribasi bilan solishtirilgan holda, mamlakatimizda mavjud resurslar salohiyati, mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari ilmiy asoslangan holda bayon etilgan. Shuningdek, davlat siyosati, investitsion muhit va texnologik imkoniyatlar yoritilgan.
A Scientometric Prediction of the Discovery of the First Potentially Habitable Planet with a Mass Similar to Earth
Creators: name: Arbesman, Samuel
name: Laughlin, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for a habitable extrasolar planet has long interested scientists, but only recently have the tools become available to search for such planets. In the past decades, the number of known extrasolar planets has ballooned into the hundreds, and with it the expectation that the discovery of the first Earth-like extrasolar planet is not far off. Here we develop a novel metric of habitability for discovered planets, and use this to arrive at a prediction for when the first habitable planet will be discovered. Using a bootstrap analysis of currently discovered exoplanets, we predict the discovery of the first Earth-like planet to be announced in the first half of 2011, with the likeliest date being early May 2011. Our predictions, using only the properties of previously discovered exoplanets, accord well with external estimates for the discovery of the first potentially habitable extrasolar planet, and highlights the the usefulness of predictive scientometric techniques to understand the pace of scientific discovery in many fields.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in PLoS ONE
Analysis of the Relative Risks Associated with Firearms as an Active Shooter Mitigation Technique on School Campuses
Creators: name: Weston, Richard E
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other information and computing sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The dataset is a compiliation of firearm related incidents on US k-12 schools from 1999-2023. The statistical analysis results are used in a systems dynamics simulation model to measure risk response effectiveness and evaluate secondary risks.
Experimental Studies of Magnetically Driven Plasma Jets
Creators: name: Suzuki-Vidal, F.
name: Lebedev, S. V.
name: Bland, S. N.
name: Hall, G. N.
name: Swadling, G.
name: Harvey-Thompson, A. J.
name: Burdiak, G.
name: de Grouchy, P.
name: Chittenden, J. P.
name: Marocchino, A.
name: Bocchi, M.
name: Ciardi, A.
name: Frank, A.
name: Bott, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental results on the formation of supersonic, radiatively cooled jets driven by pressure due to the toroidal magnetic field generated by the 1.5 MA, 250 ns current from the MAGPIE generator. The morphology of the jet produced in the experiments is relevant to astrophysical jet scenarios in which a jet on the axis of a magnetic cavity is collimated by a toroidal magnetic field as it expands into the ambient medium. The jets in the experiments have similar Mach number, plasma beta and cooling parameter to those in protostellar jets. Additionally the Reynolds, magnetic Reynolds and Peclet numbers are much larger than unity, allowing the experiments to be scaled to astrophysical flows. The experimental configuration allows for the generation of episodic magnetic cavities, suggesting that periodic fluctuations near the source may be responsible for some of the variability observed in astrophysical jets. Preliminary measurements of kinetic, magnetic and Poynting energy of the jets in our experiments are presented and discussed, together with estimates of their temperature and trapped toroidal magnetic field.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science
Josephson tunneling and nanosystems
Creators: name: Ovchinnikov, Yurii
name: Kresin, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson tunneling between nanoclusters is analyzed. The discrete nature of the electronic energy spectra, including their shell ordering, is explicitly taken into account. The treatment considers the two distinct cases of resonant and non-resonant tunneling. It is demonstrated that the current density greatly exceeds the value discussed in the conventional theory. Nanoparticles are shown to be promising building blocks for nanomaterials-based tunneling networks.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure
Assessing the Adoption of High-Iron Bean Varieties and Their Impact on Iron Intakes and Other Livelihood Outcomes in Rwanda
Creators: name: Asare-Marfo, Dorene
name: Herrington, Caitlin
name: Eliud Birachi
name: Birol, Ekin
name: Cook, Kristy
name: Diressie, Michael Tedla
name: Dusenge, Leonidas
name: Funes, Jose
name: Lister Katsvairo
name: Katungi, Enid
name: Labarta, Ricardo
name: LaRochelle, Catherine
name: Lividini, Keith
name: Moursi, Mourad
name: Mulambu, Joseph
name: Murekezi, Abdoul
name: Musoni, Augustine
name: Nkundimana, Jean D'Amour
name: Vaiknoras, Kate
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Assessing the Adoption of High-Iron Bean Varieties and Their Impact on Iron Intakes and Other Livelihood Outcomes in Rwanda
Hypersurfaces of Prescribed Curvature Measure
Creators: name: Guan, Pengfei
name: Li, Junfang
name: Li, YanYan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C23, 35J60, 53C42

description: We consider the corresponding Christoffel-Minkowski problem for curvature measures. The existence of star-shaped $(n-k)$-convex bodies with prescribed $k$-th curvature measures ($k>0$) has been a longstanding problem. This is settled in this paper through the establishment of a crucial $C^2$ a priori estimate for the corresponding curvature equation on $\mathbb S^n$.
title: Tackling AI Bias with GANs
Creators: name: Stanislawski, Noam
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Throughout the relatively short history of artificial intelligence (AI), there has been a significant concern surrounding AI’s ability to incorporate and maintain certain characteristics which were not inherently modeled out in its coding. These behaviors stem from the prominent usage of neural network AI, which can inherit human biases from the input data it receives. This paper argues for two possible avenues to combat these biases. The first is to rethink the traditional framework for neural network projects and retool them to be usable by a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). In a GAN’s zero-sum game, two network techniques can combat discriminatory beliefs or incorrect values in manners unlike traditional networks, while not necessitating a completely new algorithm for neural network systems already proven effective. GAN technology is one approach for helping to solve the bias issue but confronting the humans behind the AI is just as important. Incorporating humanistic techniques such as unconscious bias training and participatory design into AI development further promote equitable AI by fostering communication between others. AI biases are merely reflections of human biases in a technological form, and any “bad” output data stems from bad output humanity has generated from itself. There cannot be a perfectly unbiased AI model, as there are no perfectly unbiased humans, and the influences of economies, politics, and other vested interests ensure this to an even larger degree.
Excess Clustering on Large Scales in the MegaZ DR7 Photometric Redshift Survey
Creators: name: Thomas, Shaun A.
name: Abdalla, Filipe B.
name: Lahav, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe a large excess of power in the statistical clustering of Luminous Red Galaxies in the photometric SDSS galaxy sample called MegaZ DR7. This is seen over the lowest multipoles in the angular power spectra C_{\ell} in four equally spaced redshift bins between 0.45 < z < 0.65. However, it is most prominent in the highest redshift band at ~ 4 sigma and it emerges at an effective scale k ~ 0.01 h Mpc^{-1}. Given that MegaZ DR7 is the largest cosmic volume galaxy survey to date (3.3 (Gpc h^{-1})^3) this implies an anomaly on the largest physical scales probed by galaxies. Alternatively, this signature could be a consequence of it appearing at the most systematically susceptible redshift. There are several explanations for this excess power that range from systematics to new physics. This could have important consequences for the next generation of galaxy surveys or the LCDM model. We test the survey, data and excess power, as well as possible origins.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The Nernst effect from fluctuating pairs in the pseudogap phase
Creators: name: Levchenko, A.
name: Norman, M. R.
name: Varlamov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of a large Nernst signal in cuprates above the superconducting transition temperature has attracted much attention. A potential explanation is that it originates from superconducting fluctuations. Although the Nernst signal is indeed consistent with gaussian fluctuations for overdoped cuprates, gaussian theory fails to describe the temperature dependence seen for underdoped cuprates. Here, we consider the vertex correction to gaussian theory resulting from the pseudogap. This yields a Nernst signal in good agreement with the data.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Wavelength tunable spectral compression in a dispersion-increasing fiber
Creators: name: Chuang, Hsiu-Po
name: Huang, Chen-Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adiabatic soliton spectral compression in a dispersion-increasing fiber is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. We show a positively-chirped pulse provides better spectral compression in a dispersion-increasing fiber with large anomalous dispersion ramp. An experimental spectral compression ratio of 15.5 is obtained using 350 fs positively-chirped input pulse centered at 1.5 um. A 30 nm wavelength tuning ability is experimentally achieved.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures. Submitted 4/03/2011
Effects of Zn on the grain boundary properties of La2-xSrxCu1-yZnyO4 superconductors
Creators: name: Naqib, S. H.
name: Islam, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the grain boundaries (GBs) are of significant importance in high-Tc cuprates. Most large scale applications of cuprate superconductors involve usage of sintered compounds. The critical current density and the ability to trap high magnetic flux inside the sample depend largely on the quality of the GBs. Zn has the ability to pin vortices but it also degrades superconductivity. In this study we have investigated the effect of Zn impurity on the intergrain coupling properties in high-quality La2-xSrxCu1-yZnyO4 sintered samples with different hole concentrations, p (\equiv x), over a wide range of Zn contents (y) using field-dependent ac susceptibility (ACS) measurements. The ACS results enabled us to determine the superconducting transition temperature Tc, and the temperature Tgcp, at which the randomly oriented superconducting grains become coupled as a function of hole and disorder contents. We have analyzed the behavior of the GBs from the systematic evolution of the values of Tgcp(p, y), Tc(p, y), and from the contribution to the field-dependent ACS signal coming from the intergrain shielding current. Zn suppresses both Tc and Tgcp in a similar fashion. The hole content and the carrier localization due to Zn substitution seem to have significant effect on the coupling properties of the GBs. We have discussed the possible implications of these findings in detail in this article. PACS: 74.72.Dn; 74.62.Dh; 74.25.Sv Keywords: Zn doped La214; Critical current density; Grain boundary
description: To appear in Physica C
Accelerating web search using GPUs
Creators: name: Tadros, Rimon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The amount of content on the Internet is growing rapidly as well as the number of the online Internet users. As a consequence, web search engines need to increase their computing capabilities and data continually while maintaining low search latency and without a significant rise in the cost per query. To serve this larger numbers of online users, web search engines utilize a large distributed system in the data centers. They partition their data across several hundred of thousands of independent commodity servers called Index Serving Nodes (ISNs). These ISNs work together to serve search queries as a single coherent system in a distributed manner. The choice of a high number of commodity servers vs. a smaller number of supercomputers is due to the need for scalability, high availability/reliability, performance, and cost efficiency. For the web search engines to serve a larger data, the web search engines can be scaled either vertically or horizontally~\cite{michael2007scale}. Vertical scaling enables ranking more documents per query within a single node by employing machines with higher single thread and throughput performance with bigger and faster memory. Horizontal scaling supports a larger index by adding more index serving nodes at the cost of increased synchronization, aggregation overhead, and power consumption. This thesis evaluates the potential for achieving better vertical scaling by using Graphics processing unit (GPUs) to reduce the documents ranking latency per query at a reasonable initial cost increase. It achieves this by exploiting the parallelism in ranking the numerous potential documents that match a query to offload to the GPU. We evaluate this approach using hundreds of rankers from a commercial web search engine on real production data. Our results show an 8.8x harmonic mean reduction in the latency and 2x power efficiency when ranking 10000 web documents per query for a variety of rankers using C++AMP and a commodity GPU.
Near-field radiative heat transfer between macroscopic planar surfaces
Creators: name: Ottens, Richard
name: Quetschke, Volker
name: Wise, Stacy
name: Alemi, Alexander
name: Lundock, Ramsey
name: Mueller, Guido
name: Reitze, David H.
name: Tanner, David B.
name: Whiting, Bernard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-field radiative heat transfer allows heat to propagate across a small vacuum gap in quantities that are several orders of magnitude greater then the heat transfer by far-field, blackbody radiation. Although heat transfer via near-field effects has been discussed for many years, experimental verification of this theory has been very limited. We have measured the heat transfer between two macroscopic sapphire plates, finding an increase in agreement with expectations from theory. These experiments, conducted near 300 K, have measured the heat transfer as a function of separation over mm to $μ$m and as a function of temperature differences between 2.5 and 30 K. The experiments demonstrate that evanescence can be put to work to transfer heat from an object without actually touching it.
title: The Amateur: Digital Transindividuation in South Korea
Creators: name: Kim, Ji Hyeon
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2021

description: This thesis inquires into the cultural-political constitution of what are commonly known as the Amateur and Amateurism, terms which need to be seen from a new perspective in the digital era. The discussion begins with whether amateur production of culture and media and the role of monetary compensation are changing upon the emergence of the Web and digital technologies. Amateur productions networked to online audience communities are here understood using Simondon’s concepts of individuation, recently re-interpreted by Stiegler and Virno, as transindividual activities that realise human potential in newly structured society and politics. At the same time, however, it is not overlooked that such transindividual activities are technologically mediated by cognitive capitalist digital platforms specialised in mediating and monetising user-created content. Thus, the formation of gift culture around production and circulation of amateur content is discussed with its relationship to the commodity economy on such platforms. In this context, live streaming videos from Afreeca TV and Web-cartoons (Webtoons) have been selected as case studies to investigate audiovisual content production of professional-like amateurs on South Korean-based digital platforms, specifically during the candlelight rallies of 2008 and the impeachment proceedings of 2017. Conducted over three years, a variety of empirical studies on the multimedia interaction between amateur producers and their audience community provides a critical analysis of how the amateur's individual, self-fulfilling activities are transformed into the gift culture-based transindividual and competitive commercial activities and are embedded in the logic of cognitive capitalism. The counter-commercial movement of the amateur self-publishers concerned with the transindividuality of the memory technics is also presented. Their dedication to materalise individual and collective memories through paper-book publishing evokes the original value and ethos of amateurism devoted to the diversity of culture and life.
Phantom Accretion by Five Dimensional Charged Black Hole
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Abbas, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the dynamical behavior of phantom field near five dimensional charged black hole. We formulate equations of motion for steady-state spherically symmetric flow of phantom fluids. It is found that phantom energy accretes onto black holes for $u<0$. Further, the location of critical point of accretion are evaluated that leads to mass to charge ratio for 5D charged black hole. This ratio implies that accretion cannot transform a black hole into a naked singularity. We would like to mention here that this work is an irreducible extension of 4D charged black hole.
description: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
title: Internet of Things: Cybersecurity in Small Businesses
Creators: name: Wali, Zobair
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Small businesses are the most vital part of a nation’s economy. In today’s world, as we are moving towards digitizing almost everything around us, cybersecurity is essential and vital for our digitalized world to function. Small businesses are no exception. All businesses collect, use, and store information. They store employees’ information, tax information, customers’ information, business transaction information, and all other operational information that is needed for a business to function. Without an appropriate cybersecurity program, these businesses are vulnerable and can be easily impacted by cyber incidents and malicious attacks. Businesses are putting resources to protect their systems against malicious attacks. Although small businesses, due to their limited budget, do not have enough resources to implement a continuous and flexible security program for the protection of their information systems. Therefore, small businesses are often called “soft targets'' among hackers. Small business owners believe there might be no valuable information in their business to protect, but often hackers open their way from less secure systems toward the high-profile targets using small security gaps. Additionally, there are a number of factors behind cyber attacks on small businesses. Attackers are not often after profit. They might have intentions to disrupt the business due to negative rivalries and market competitions. Therefore, a pragmatic security program is a solution to address these needs and concerns. This research review will focus on technological and security concerns surrounding small businesses, financial impacts of cyber incidents on small businesses, and solutions to address security concerns in small businesses by proposing procedures to help protect information systems. The review encompasses a section for the research methodology, a literature review where the topic is broken down into subtopics, a discussion, and a conclusion to summarize the whole review.