Pholcus suraksanensis Lee & Lee 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lee, Jun-Gi
name: Lee, Jun-Ho
name: Choi, Doo-Young
name: Park, Sun-Jae
name: Kim, A-Young
name: Kim, Sam-Kyu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Pholcus
Pholcus suraksanensis

description: Pholcus suraksanensis Lee & Lee, sp. nov.
Figs. 1C–D, 2C–D, 5, 6, 13M–R, 16
Type material. Holotype: ♂, SOUTH KOREA: Seoul: Nowon-gu, Sanggye-dong, Mt. Suraksan (37˚40’59”N, 127˚03’47”E), 09 Aug. 2015, J.G. Lee & J.H. Lee leg. (NIBR). Paratypes: 1♀, same data as for holotype (KNU); 2♂ 2♀, same locality as for holotype, 31 May 2019, J.G. Lee & J.H. Lee leg. (KNU); 1♂ 2♀, same locality as for holotype, 18 Apr. 2020, J.G. Lee & J.H. Lee leg. (KNU).
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Mt. Suraksan.
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other congeners by the combination of following characteristics: Male—procursus tip with membranous prolateral process with sclerotized sharp distal projection; uncus lingulate, with strongly concave inner margin; pseudoappendix absent. Female—epigynal anterior plate strongly protruded, marginally without hump; epigynal posterior plate 0.1 times as long as anterior plate, lateral portion of posterior plate very slightly extended posteriorly in ventral view; lateral concave areas of internal genitalia relatively small; pore plate oval, distance between the pore plates wider posteriorly.
Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1C. Total length 5.8. Prosoma 1.8 long, 1.6 wide. Diameter of AME 120 µm, ALE 170 µm, PME 160 µm, PLE 160 µm. AME–AME 60 µm, PME–PME 210 µm, PME–ALE 70 µm. Chelicera (Fig. 2C–D) with thumb-like proximo-lateral apophysis, dull-pointed frontal apophysis and ventrally curved, notched triangular distal apophysis longer than proximo-lateral apophysis. Opisthosoma 3.7 long, 2.0 wide. Leg Ⅰ 55.3 (13.8 + 0.8 + 14.0 + 24.0 + 2.7), leg II 36.3 (9.7 + 0.8 + 9.1 + 15.0 + 1.7), leg III 24.4 (6.9 + 0.7 + 6.0 + 9.4 + 1.4), leg IV 32.1 (9.2 + 0.7 + 8.0 + 12.5 + 1.7). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (18.0: 1.0: 18.1: 31.1: 3.5), leg II (12.5: 1.0: 11.6: 19.2: 2.2), leg III (9.6: 1.0: 8.3: 13.0: 1.9), leg IV (14.1: 1.0: 12.3: 19.2: 2.6). Leg formula 1243. Tibia Ⅰ L/d 93. Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia Ⅰ at 6% proximally. Tarsus Ⅰ with 36 pseudosegments. For the other somatic features see description of the species-group above. Palp (Fig. 5). Trochanter apophysis (Fig. 5A–B) as long as femur, distinctly elongated and strongly curved, distally blunt and not folded, proximo-retrolaterally with tubercle; femur ventrally swollen; tibia with prolatero-ventral tubercle; procursus (Fig. 5B) dark brown, dorsally sinuated, with small ventral knee; dorso-subdistal portion of procursus slightly swollen, with one short hair and two spines (one of them broken) (Fig. 5E); procursus tip (Fig. 5C–E) with three ridges retrolaterally, distally pointed triangular dorsal process directed prolaterally (arrowed in Fig. 5E), membranous prolateral process with sclerotized sharp distal projection (arrowed in Fig. 5D), and triangular ventral process (arrowed in Fig. 5C); genital bulb round, pale yellow; uncus (Fig. 5F) dark brown, lingulate, outer proximal margin extended roundly, outer distal margin strongly curved and inner margin strongly concave, with many tiny scales; pseudoappendix absent; embolus (Fig. 5G) pale yellow, slender and distally fringed, weakly sclerotized, twice as long as uncus.
Female (one of paratypes from the same locality as holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1D. Total length 5.2. Prosoma 1.4 long, 1.4 wide. Diameter of AME 90 µm, ALE 150 µm, PME 140 µm, PLE 150 µm. AME–AME 40 µm, PME–PME 190 µm, PME–ALE 50 µm. Opisthosoma 3.4 long, 1.7 wide. Leg Ⅰ 30.6 (7.5 + 0.7 + 7.7 + 12.5 + 2.2), leg II 20.3 (5.6 + 0.7 + 4.9 + 7.8 + 1.3), leg III 15.0 (4.2 + 0.6 + 3.6 + 5.6 + 1.0), leg IV 20.9 (6.0 + 0.6 + 5.3 + 7.8 + 1.2). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (11.4: 1.0: 11.6: 19.0: 3.3), leg II (8.5: 1.0: 7.6: 11.9: 2.0), leg III (7.6: 1.0: 6.5: 9.9: 1.7), leg IV (10.6: 1.0: 9.4: 14.0: 2.1). Leg formula 1423. Tibia Ⅰ L/d 48. For the other somatic features see description of the species-group above. Epigyne (Fig. 6A–C). Anterior plate strongly protruded, half as high as epigyne length, with hat-shaped mark; posterior plate bright ivory, 0.1 times as long as anterior plate, lateral portion very slightly extended posteriorly in ventral view, with sclerotized areas on posterior margin; epigynal knob oblong, thick and distally round, longer than posterior plate. Internal genitalia (Fig. 6D). Anterior arch with median portion slightly curved anteriorly; genital valve slightly curved roundly; posterolateral portion relatively small, strongly concave; pore plates oval, close together anteriorly but wide apart posteriorly.
Variation. Males. Prosoma width: 1.6–1.7 (mean 1.7), tibia Ⅰ: 10.2–14.0 (mean 12.4) (n=4). Some with broken sclerotized tip of membranous prolateral process of procursus tip (Fig. 13M, P).
Females. Prosoma width: 1.4–1.7 (mean 1.5), tibia Ⅰ: 7.7–9.0 (mean 8.2) (n=5). Genital characters were largely consistent (Fig. 13N–O, Q–R).
F IGURE 5. Pholcus suraksanensis Lee & Lee, sp. nov. male (holotype).A–B, left palp (A: prolateral view, B: retrolateral view); C–E, procursus tip (C: prolateral view, arrow indicates triangular ventral process, D: dorsal view, arrow indicates membranous prolateral process with sclerotized sharp distal projection, E: retrolateral view, arrow indicates triangular dorsal process); F–G, bulbal process (F: prolateral view, G: retrolateral view). Abbreviations: e=embolus, pr=procursus, u=uncus. Scale bars= 0.5mm (A–B), 0.25mm (C–G).
Habitat information. This species was found under rocks, on rock walls and inside walls of water drains in mountainous regions.
Distribution. Korea (Mt. Suraksan, Seoul) (Fig. 16)
description: Published as part of Lee, Jun-Gi, Lee, Jun-Ho, Choi, Doo-Young, Park, Sun-Jae, Kim, A-Young & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2021, Five new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer (Araneae: Pholcidae) from South Korea, pp. 61-77 in Zootaxa 5052 (1) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5565987