cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is TiO emission present in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b? A reassessment using the improved ExoMol Toto line list
Creators: name: Serindag, Dilovan B.
name: Nugroho, Stevanus K.
name: Mollière, Paul
name: de Mooij, Ernst J. W.
name: Gibson, Neale P.
name: Snellen, Ignas A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] Efficient absorption of stellar UV and visible radiation by TiO and VO is predicted to drive temperature inversions in the upper atmospheres of hot Jupiters. However, few inversions or detections of TiO or VO have been reported, and results are often contradictory. Using the improved ExoMol Toto line list, we searched for TiO emission in the dayside spectrum of WASP-33b using the same data in which the molecule was previously detected with an older line list at 4.8$σ$. We intended to confirm the molecular detection and quantify the signal improvement offered by the ExoMol Toto line list. Data from the High Dispersion Spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope was extracted and reduced in an identical manner to the previous study. Stellar and telluric contamination were then removed. High-resolution TiO emission models of WASP-33b were created using the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS and cross-correlated with the data. We measure a 4.3$σ$ TiO emission signature using the ExoMol Toto models, corresponding to a WASP-33b orbital velocity semi-amplitude of $K_\mathrm{p}=252.9^{+5.0}_{-5.3}\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$ and a system velocity of $v_\mathrm{sys}=-23.0^{+4.7}_{-4.6}\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$. Injection-recovery tests using models based on the new and earlier line lists indicate that if the new models provide a perfect match to the planet spectrum, the significance of the TiO detection should have increased by a factor of $\sim$2. Although the TiO signal we find is statistically significant, comparison with previous works makes our result too ambiguous to claim a clear-cut detection. Unexpectedly, the new ExoMol Toto models provide a weaker signal than that found previously, which is offset in $K_\mathrm{p}$-$v_\mathrm{sys}$ space. This sheds some doubt on both detections, especially in light of a recently published TiO non-detection using a different dataset.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Transcription of a story about Verdena's cat
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Escamilla, Ramón
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-170811-05: Transcription of a story about Verdena's cat (file VP-230711-01), from 9:35 to 14:10.
Predictors of intelligibility and precision in PD (Thompson & Kim, 2024)
Creators: name: Thompson, Austin
name: Kim, Yunjung
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460211
subject: Speech production
classificationCode: 320905
subject: Neurology and neuromuscular diseases
classificationCode: 510301
subject: Acoustics and acoustical devices; waves

description: Purpose: This study investigated relationships within and between perceptual, acoustic, and kinematic measures in speakers with and without dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD) across different clarity conditions. Additionally, the study assessed the predictive capabilities of selected acoustic and kinematic measures for intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings.Method: Forty participants, comprising 22 with PD and 18 controls, read three phrases aloud using conversational, less clear, and more clear speaking conditions. Acoustic measures and their theoretical kinematic parallel measures (i.e., acoustic and kinematic distance and vowel space area [VSA]; second formant frequency [F2] slope and kinematic speed) were obtained from the diphthong /aɪ/ and selected vowels in the sentences. A total of 368 listeners from crowdsourcing provided ratings for intelligibility and articulatory precision. The research questions were examined using correlations and linear mixed-effects models.Results: Intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings were highly correlated across all speakers. Acoustic and kinematic distance, as well as F2 slope and kinematic speed, showed moderately positive correlations. In contrast, acoustic and kinematic VSA exhibited no correlation. Among all measures, acoustic VSA and kinematic distance were robust predictors of both intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings, but they were stronger predictors of articulatory precision.Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of measurement selection when examining cross-domain relationships. Additionally, they support the use of behavioral modifications aimed at eliciting larger articulatory gestures to improve intelligibility in individuals with dysarthria due to PD.Thompson, A., & Kim, Y. (2024). Acoustic and kinematic predictors of intelligibility and articulatory precision in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 67(10), 3595–3611. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00153
HST/STIS Optical Transit Transmission Spectra of the hot-Jupiter HD209458b
Creators: name: Sing, David K.
name: Vidal-Madjar, A.
name: Desert, J. -M.
name: Etangs, A. Lecavelier des
name: Ballester, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the transmission spectra of the hot-Jupiter HD209458b taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Our analysis combines data at two resolutions and applies a complete pixel-by-pixel limb-darkening correction to fully reveal the spectral line shapes of atmospheric absorption features. Terrestrial-based Na I and H I contamination are identified which mask the strong exoplanetary absorption signature in the Na core, which we find reaches total absorption levels of ~0.11% in a 4.4 Ang band. The Na spectral line profile is characterized by a wide absorption profile at the lowest absorption depths, and a sharp transition to a narrow absorption profile at higher absorption values. The transmission spectra also shows the presence of an additional absorber at ~6,250 Ang, observed at both medium and low resolutions. We performed various limb-darkening tests, including using high precision limb-darkening measurements of the sun to characterize a general trend of Atlas models to slightly overestimate the amount of limb-darkening at all wavelengths, likely due to the limitations of the model's one-dimensional nature. We conclude that, despite these limitations, Atlas models can still successfully model limb-darkening in high signal-to-noise transits of solar-type stars, like HD209458, to a high level of precision over the entire optical regime (3,000-10,000 Ang) at transit phases between 2nd and 3rd contact.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Simulating the dynamics and non-thermal emission of relativistic magnetised jets I. Dynamics
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Dipanjan
name: Bodo, Gianluigi
name: Mignone, Andrea
name: Rossi, Paola
name: Vaidya, Bhargav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic jets from supermassive blackholes over a few tens of kpc for a range of jet parameters. One of the primary aims were to investigate the effect of different MHD instabilities on the jet dynamics and their dependence on the choice of jet parameters. We find that two dominant MHD instabilities affect the dynamics of the jet, small scale Kelvin- Helmholtz (KH) modes and large scale kink modes, whose evolution depend on internal jet parameters like the Lorentz factor, the ratio of the density and pressure to the external medium and the magnetisation and hence consequently on the jet power. Low power jets are susceptible to both instabilities, kink modes for jets with higher central magnetic field and KH modes for lower magnetisation. Moderate power jets do not show appreciable growth of kink modes, but KH modes develop for lower magnetisation. Higher power jets are generally stable to both instabilities. Such instabilities decelerate and decollimate the jet while inducing turbulence in the cocoon, with consequences on the magnetic field structure. We model the dynamics of the jets following a generalised treatment of the Begelman-Cioffi relations which we present here. We find that the dynamics of stable jets match well with simplified analytic models of expansion of non self-similar FRII jets, whereas jets with prominent MHD instabilities show a nearly self-similar evolution of the morphology as the energy is more evenly distributed between the jet head and the cocoon.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
e-Extension Initiatives in Agriculture & Allied Sectors
Creators: name: Nasratullah Kakar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: e-Extension, ICTs, Initiatives, Agriculture

description: ICT can act as an accelerating force behind the development and transformation of Indian agriculture. Use of Information and communication technologies makes agricultural extension more diversified and knowledge driven system. ICT can continuously introduce new sets of information services to agriculture. Where farmers can have a better control and access to such new information sources is a crucial requirement for the sustainable development of the farming systems. Throughout the world, ICTs are being integrated into classic rural advisory services, through radio, SMS, television, video, Internet, media, and mobile services. Advice and information provided via ICTs is becoming more varied, covering specific technologies and practices; climate change mitigation and adaptation; disaster management; early warning of drought, floods, and diseases; price information; political empowerment; natural resource management; production efficiency; and market access. It is not a one-way flow: ICTs open up new channels for farmers to document and share experiences with each other and also with experts.
Observation of Long-Lived Muonic Hydrogen in the 2S State
Creators: name: Pohl, Randolf
name: Daniel, Herbert
name: Hartmann, F. Joachim
name: Hauser, Peter
name: Kottmann, Franz
name: Markushin, Valery E.
name: Mühlbauer, Markus
name: Petitjean, Claude
name: Schott, Wolfgang
name: Taqqu, David
name: Wojciechowski-Grosshauser, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetic energy distribution of ground state muonic hydrogen atoms mu-p(1S) is determined from time-of-flight spectra measured at 4, 16, and 64 hPa H2 room-temperature gas. A 0.9 keV-component is discovered and attributed to radiationless deexcitation of long-lived mu-p(2S) atoms in collisions with H2 molecules. The analysis reveals a relative population of about 1%, and a pressure-dependent lifetime (e.g. (30.4 +21.4 -9.7) ns at 64 hPa) of the long-lived mu-p(2S) population, equivalent to a 2S-quench rate in mu-p(2S) + H2 collisions of (4.4 +2.1 -1.8) 10^11 s^-1 at liquid hydrogen density.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Dynamical analysis of null geodesics in brane-world spacetimes
Creators: name: Klën, W. S.
name: Molina, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present an extensive dynamical analysis of the null geodesics in the spacetimes proposed by Casadio, Fabbri, and Mazzacurati (CFM), which model black holes and wormholes in a Randall-Sundrum brane. Geodesic stability is evaluated by Lyapunov and Jacobi criteria, with coinciding results. Semistable photon spheres are found in the geometries of interest. Bifurcations associated with the dynamical system are also investigated, characterizing a degenerated Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation. Our results suggest deep connections between the geometric characteristics of the CFM spacetimes and the dynamics of null geodesics in these backgrounds.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Stellar magnetosphere reconstruction from radio data. Multi-frequency VLA observations and 3D-simulations of CU Virginis
Creators: name: Leto, P.
name: Trigilio, C.
name: Buemi, C. S.
name: Umana, G.
name: Leone, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to fully understand the physical processes in the magnetospheres of the Magnetic Chemically Peculiar stars, we performed multi-frequency radio observations of CU Virginis. The radio emission of this kind of stars arises from the interaction between energetic electrons and magnetic field. The radio data were acquired with the VLA and cover the whole rotational period of CU Virginis. For each observed frequency the radio light curves of the total flux density and fraction of circular polarization were fitted using a three-dimensional MCP magnetospheric model simulating the stellar radio emission as a function of the magnetospheric physical parameters. The observations show a clear correlation between the radio emission and the orientation of the magnetosphere of this oblique rotator. Radio emission is explained as the result of the acceleration of the wind particles in the current sheets just beyond the Alfvén radius, that eventually return toward the star following the magnetic field and emitting radiation by gyrosyncrotron mechanism. The accelerated electrons have a hard energetic spectrum ($N(E)\propto E^{-2}$) and the acceleration process has an efficiency of about $10^{-3}$. The Alfvén radius we determined is in the range of $12-17 R_\ast$ and, for a dipolar field of 3000 Gauss at the magnetic pole of the star, we determine a mass loss from the star of about $10^{-12}$ M$_{\sun}$ yr$^{-1}$. In the inner magnetosphere a detectable X-ray emission is expected.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, A&A in press
Influence of Non-Uniform Distribution of Acoustic Wavefield Strength on Time-Distance Helioseismology Measurements
Creators: name: Parchevsky, Konstantin V.
name: Zhao, Junwei
name: Kosovichev, Alexander G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analyzing numerically simulated solar oscillation data, we study the influence of non-uniform distribution of acoustic wave amplitude, acoustic source strength, and perturbations of the sound speed on the shifts of acoustic travel times measured by the time-distance helioseismology method. It is found that for short distances, the contribution to the mean travel time shift caused by non-uniform distribution of acoustic sources in sunspots may be comparable to (but smaller than) the contribution from the sound speed perturbation in sunspots, and that it has the opposite sign to the sound-speed effect. This effect may cause some underestimation of the negative sound-speed perturbations in sunspots just below the surface, that was found in previous time-distance helioseismology inferences. This effect cannot be corrected by artificially increasing the amplitude of oscillations in sunspots. For large time-distance annuli, the non-uniform distribution of wavefields does not have significant effects on the mean travel times, and thus the sound-speed inversion results. The measured travel time differences, which are used to determine the mass flows beneath sunspots, can also be systematically shifted by this effect, but only in an insignificant magnitude.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Spatio-temporal modelling of $\text{PM}_{10}$ daily concentrations in Italy using the SPDE approach
Creators: name: Fioravanti, Guido
name: Martino, Sara
name: Cameletti, Michela
name: Cattani, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper illustrates the main results of a spatio-temporal interpolation process of $\text{PM}_{10}$ concentrations at daily resolution using a set of 410 monitoring sites, distributed throughout the Italian territory, for the year 2015. The interpolation process is based on a Bayesian hierarchical model where the spatial-component is represented through the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach with a lag-1 temporal autoregressive component (AR1). Inference is performed through the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA). Our model includes 11 spatial and spatio-temporal predictors, including meteorological variables and Aerosol Optical Depth. As the predictors' impact varies across months, the regression is based on 12 monthly models with the same set of covariates. The predictive model performance has been analyzed using a cross-validation study. Our results show that the predicted and the observed values are well in accordance (correlation range: 0.79 - 0.91; bias: 0.22 - 1.07 $μ\text{g}/\text{m}^3$; RMSE: 4.9 - 13.9 $μ\text{g}/\text{m}^3$). The model final output is a set of 365 gridded (1km $\times$ 1km) daily $\text{PM}_{10}$ maps over Italy equipped with an uncertainty measure. The spatial prediction performance shows that the interpolation procedure is able to reproduce the large scale data features without unrealistic artifacts in the generated $\text{PM}_{10}$ surfaces. The paper presents also two illustrative examples of practical applications of our model, exceedance probability and population exposure maps.
Collision of two identical hypersonic stellar winds in binary systems
Creators: name: Pilyugin, Nikolay N.
name: Usov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the hydrodynamics of two identical hypersonic stellar winds in a binary system. The interaction of these winds manifests itself in the form of two shocks and a contact surface between them. We neglect the binary rotation and assume that the gas flow ahead of the shocks is spherically symmetrical. In this case the contact surface that separates the gas emanated from the different stars coincides with the midplane of the binary components. In the shock the gas is heated and flows away nearly along the contact surface. We find the shock shape and the hot gas parameters in the shock layer between the shock and the contact surface.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of nuclei using isospin diffusion data from heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Chen, Lie-Wen
name: Ko, Che Ming
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent analysis of the isospin diffusion data from heavy-ion collisions based on an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model with in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections has led to the extraction of a value of $L=88\pm 25$ MeV for the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density. This imposes stringent constraints on both the parameters in the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei. Among the 21 sets of Skyrme interactions commonly used in nuclear structure studies, the 4 sets SIV, SV, G$_σ$, and R$_σ$ are found to give $L$ values that are consistent with the extracted one. Further study on the correlations between the thickness of the neutron skin in finite nuclei and the nuclear matter symmetry energy in the Skyrme Hartree-Fock approach leads to predicted thickness of the neutron skin of $0.22\pm 0.04$ fm for $^{208}$Pb, $0.29\pm 0.04$ fm for $^{132}$Sn, and $0.22\pm 0.04$ fm for $^{124}$Sn.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 Table, Talk given at 1) International Conference on Nuclear Structure Physics, Shanghai, 12-17 June, 2006; 2) 11th China National Nuclear Structure Physics Conference, Changchun, Jilin, 13-18 July, 2006
Script training in primary progressive aphasia (Montagut et al., 2024)
Creators: name: Montagut, Núria
name: Borrego-Écija, Sergi
name: Herrero, Jorge
name: Castellví, Magdalena
name: Balasa, Mircea
name: Lladó, Albert
name: Grasso, Stephanie M.
name: Sánchez-Valle, Raquel
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460211
subject: Speech production
classificationCode: 460309
subject: Video processing
classificationCode: 470319
subject: Other European languages

description: Purpose: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by worsening of speech and/or language. Script training intervention promotes automatized speech production via repeated practice of scripted content. This study evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of a modified version of Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia (VISTA) in the three PPA variants and compared outcomes by intervention modality (teletherapy vs. in person).Method: Thirteen bilingual (Spanish–Catalan) participants were included (semantic variant, n = 5; logopenic variant, n = 5; nonfluent/agrammatic variant, n = 3; teletherapy, n = 7). Using a nonrandomized design, intervention was administered in participants’ dominant language. Participants were trained on an individualized script twice per week, over 8 weeks. Performance on measures related to script accuracy, content, and subjective ratings of production quality was evaluated at baseline, immediately post, and at 3 and 6 months post-intervention.Results: No significant differences were observed on the basis of intervention modality. Participants demonstrated significant improvements from pre- to post-intervention in script production, synonym production, keywords, and global quality on the trained script. Maintenance was observed when comparing performance at post-intervention relative to 3- and 6-month follow-up for script and synonym production. Significant improvement in production quality of the untrained topic was observed following intervention. Different patterns of benefit were observed by PPA variant.Conclusions: Modified VISTA was acceptable and effective across the three PPA variants, as evidenced by improvements on a broader array of outcome measures than those previously reported. Findings also provide further support for provision for teletherapy in individuals with PPA.Supplemental Material S1. Script trained example: My story.Supplemental Material S2. Perceived Satisfaction/Acceptability Questionnaire.Montagut, N., Borrego-Écija, S., Herrero, J., Castellví, M., Balasa, M., Lladó, A., Grasso, S. M., & Sánchez-Valle, R. (2024). Effects of modified video-implemented script training for aphasia in the three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 67(10), 3762–3777. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00583
Non-uniform liquid--crystalline phases of parallel hard rod-shaped particles: From ellipsoids to cylinders
Creators: name: Martinez-Raton, Yuri
name: Velasco, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we consider systems of parallel hard {\it superellipsoids}, which can be viewed as a possible interpolation between ellipsoids of revolution and cylinders. Superellipsoids are characterized by an aspect ratio and an exponent $α$ (shape parameter) which takes care of the geometry, with $α=1$ corresponding to ellipsoids of revolution, while $α=\infty$ is the limit of cylinders. It is well known that, while hard parallel cylinders exhibit nematic, smectic, and solid phases, hard parallel ellipsoids do not stabilize the smectic phase, the nematic phase transforming directly into a solid as density is increased. We use computer simulation to find evidence that for $α\geα_c$, where $α_c$ is a critical value which the simulations estimate to be in the interval 1.2--1.3, the smectic phase is stabilized. This is surprisingly close to the ellipsoidal case. In addition, we use a density-functional approach, based on the Parsons--Lee approximation, to describe smectic and columnar ordering. In combination with a free--volume theory for the crystalline phase, a theoretical phase diagram is predicted. While some qualitative features, such as the enhancement of smectic stability for increasing $α$, and the probable absence of a stable columnar phase, are correct, the precise location of coexistence densities are quantitatively incorrect.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
A Moment for Random Measurements
Creators: name: Knips, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement is one of the core features of quantum theory. While it is typically revealed by measurements along carefully chosen directions, here we review different methods based on so-called random or randomized measurements. Although this approach might seem inefficient at first, sampling correlations in various random directions is a powerful tool to study properties which are invariant under local-unitary transformations. Based on random measurements, entanglement can be detected and characterized without a shared reference frame between the observers or even if local reference frames cannot be defined. This overview article discusses different methods using random measurements to detect genuine multipartite entanglement and to distinguish SLOCC classes. Furthermore, it reviews how measurement directions can efficiently be obtained based on spherical designs.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Written as Perspective for Quantum Journal on Ketterer et al., Quantum 4, 325 (2020), arXiv:2004.08402
Evaluation of Non-Nuclear Density Gauges
Creators: name: Allen, David L.
name: Schultz Jr., David B.
name: Willett, David Allen
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: For the past several decades, density of freshly laid hot mix asphalt (HMA) mats has been measured by contractors, consultants or governmental agencies using nuclear density gauges. However, use of these devices requires the user to maintain an inordinate amount of records on the use of the equipment. These requirements include calibration and recalibration records, certification records of the operators, records on radiation badges, and periodic testing of the operator’s badges for radiation exposure. In addition, there is always the concern about possible accidents with the gauges that might expose the radiation source to the operators or other bystanders. Because of these issues and concerns associated with using the nuclear gauges, the contractors in Kentucky were interested in the feasibility of using other methods of measuring density for process control.
Discussion of stories about the Creator's Helper
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Escamilla, Ramón
name: Newbold, Lindsey
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-170811-03: Discussion in English of stories about the Creator's Helper and whether or not they have already been recorded.
Early-A stars from IPHAS, and their distribution in and around the Cyg OB2 association
Creators: name: Drew, Janet E.
name: Greimel, R.
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Sale, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar photometry derived from the INT/WFC Photometric H$α$ Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS) can be used to identify large, reliable samples of A0-A5 dwarfs. For every A star, so identified, it is also possible to derive individual reddening and distance estimates, under the assumption that most selected objects are on or near the main sequence, at a mean absolute r' magnitude of 1.5 -- 1.6. This study presents the method for obtaining such samples and shows that the known reddenings and distances to the open clusters NGC 7510 and NGC 7790 are successfully recovered. A sample of over 1000 A stars is then obtained from IPHAS data in the magnitude range 13.5 < r' < 20 from the region of sky including the massive northern OB association Cyg OB2. Analysis of these data reveals a concentration of ~200 A stars over an area about a degree across, offset mainly to the south of the known 1--3 Myr old OB stars in Cyg OB2: their dereddened r' magnitudes fall in the range 11.8 to 12.5. These are consistent with a ~7 Myr old stellar population at DM = 10.8, or with an age of ~5 Myr at DM = 11.2. The number of A stars found in this clustering alone is consistent with a lower limit to the cluster mass of ~10000 M-sun.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Plasma kinetic effects in relativistic radiation mediated shocks
Creators: name: Levinson, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast shocks that form in optically thick media are mediated by Compton scattering and, if relativistic, pair creation. Since the radiation force acts primarily on electrons and positrons, the question arises of how the force is mediated to the ions which are the dominant carriers of the shock energy. It has been widely thought that a small charge separation induced by the radiation force generates electric field inside the shock that decelerates the ions. In this paper we argue that, while this is true in sub-relativistic shocks which are devoid of positrons, in relativistic radiation mediated shocks (RRMS), which are dominated by newly created $e^+e^-$ pairs, additional coupling is needed, owing to the opposite electric force acting on electrons and positrons. Specifically, we show that dissipation of the ions energy must involve collective plasma interactions. By constructing a multi-fluid model for RRMS that incorporates friction forces, we estimate that momentum transfer between electrons and positrons (and/or ions) via collective interactions on scales of tens to thousands proton skin depths, depending on whether friction is effective only between $e^+e^-$ pairs or also between pairs and ions, is sufficient to coupe all particles and radiation inside the shock into a single fluid. This leaves open the question whether in relativistic RMS particles can effectively accelerate to high energies by scattering off plasma turbulence. Such acceleration might have important consequences for relativistic shock breakout signals.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
How do digital platforms make their money?
Creators: name: Meier, Philip
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Digital Platforms, Value Capture, Business Design, Ecosystems

description: We explore how digital platforms capture value from the transactions they enable between different actors. We analyzed 51 platform startups and derived recurring value capture patterns, which can serve as substantial tools for practitioners and researchers who engage with the design and description of business ecosystems.
MUNOSIB XULQ-ATVORDA BO'LISH TO'G'RISIDA TILXAT EHTIYOT CHORASINI TANLASHNING ASOSIY HUSUSIYATLARI.
Creators: name: Медетова, Дильназа
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada munosib xulq-atvorda bo‘lish to‘g‘risida tilxat gumon qilinuvchi (ayblanuvchiga) nisbatan ehtiyot chorasini tanlashning asosiy muammoli savollari ko'rib chiqilmoqda. Ushbu ehtiyot chorasiga aloqador muammolar bilan shug'ullangan mualiflarning turli nuqtai nazarlarida tahlil qilinadi. Ehtiyot choralarini amalga oshirish hamda munosib xulq-atvorda bo‘lish to‘g‘risida tilxat ehtiyot chorasining qo'llanishi, jinoyat va turli xil huquqbuzarliklarni sodir etishlarini oldini olish masalalari ko'rib chiqilgan.
Previsão da distribuição atual e futura de Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae) frente às mudanças climáticas
Creators: name: Amoêdo, Semírian Campos
name: da Cruz Vasconcelos, Caroline
name: Diele-Viegas, Luisa
name: Ferraz, Isolde Dorothea Kossmann
name: Vicentini, Alberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310899
subject: Plant biology not elsewhere classified

description: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições climáticas adequadas para prever a distribuição de Carapa guianensis Aubl. no presente e no futuro, considerando diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas. Utilizando registros de presença com coordenadas geográficas disponíveis em banco de dados e variáveis bioclimáticas explicativas do WorldClim, os dados foram analisados em ambiente R. O algoritmo Mahalanobis teve melhor desempenho na modelagem da distribuição preditiva dessa espécie. A maior adequabilidade da espécie é potencialmente na região compreendida entre o Escudo das Guianas, Amazônia Central e Ocidental. Os modelos climáticos demonstraram adaptabilidade da espécie nos dois cenários de mudanças climáticas testados
Modeling Assumptions Clash with the Real World: Transparency, Equity, and Community Challenges for Student Assignment Algorithms
Creators: name: Robertson, Samantha
name: Nguyen, Tonya
name: Salehi, Niloufar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Across the United States, a growing number of school districts are turning to matching algorithms to assign students to public schools. The designers of these algorithms aimed to promote values such as transparency, equity, and community in the process. However, school districts have encountered practical challenges in their deployment. In fact, San Francisco Unified School District voted to stop using and completely redesign their student assignment algorithm because it was not promoting educational equity in practice. We analyze this system using a Value Sensitive Design approach and find that one reason values are not met in practice is that the system relies on modeling assumptions about families' priorities, constraints, and goals that clash with the real world. These assumptions overlook the complex barriers to ideal participation that many families face, particularly because of socioeconomic inequalities. We argue that direct, ongoing engagement with stakeholders is central to aligning algorithmic values with real world conditions. In doing so we must broaden how we evaluate algorithms while recognizing the limitations of purely algorithmic solutions in addressing complex socio-political problems.
Thönissen, Wolfgang (Hrsg.), Lexikon der Ökumene und Konfessionskunde
Creators: name: Hailer, Martin
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 58 Nr. 1 (2009): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 58, Heft 1
Generation and Structural Characterization of Debye Random Media
Creators: name: Ma, Zheng
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In their seminal paper on scattering by an inhomogeneous solid, Debye and coworkers proposed a simple exponentially decaying function for the two-point correlation function of an idealized class of two-phase random media. Such {\it Debye random media}, which have been shown to be realizable, are singularly distinct from all other models of two-phase media in that they are entirely defined by their one- and two-point correlation functions. To our knowledge, there has been no determination of other microstructural descriptors of Debye random media. In this paper, we generate Debye random media in two dimensions using an accelerated Yeong-Torquato construction algorithm. We then ascertain microstructural descriptors of the constructed media, including their surface correlation functions, pore-size distributions, lineal-path function, and chord-length probability density function. Accurate semi-analytic and empirical formulas for these descriptors are devised. We compare our results for Debye random media to those of other popular models (overlapping disks and equilibrium hard disks), and find that the former model possesses a wider spectrum of hole sizes, including a substantial fraction of large holes. Our algorithm can be applied to generate other models defined by their two-point correlation functions, and their other microstructural descriptors can be determined and analyzed by the procedures laid out here.
Superspace formulations of ten-dimensional supergravity
Creators: name: Lechner, Kurt
name: Tonin, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new formulation for N=1, D=10 supergravity in superspace, in presence of a Lorentz Chern-Simons-form. This formulation entails the following properties: it furnishes a solution of the Bianchi identities that is algebraically consistent to all orders in alpha'; at first order it is the simplest formulation proposed so far, and it is therefore most suitable for an explicit higher order analysis; it allows a well defined perturbative expansion in alpha', in which no poltergeist fields appear; it reconciles the two different classes of first order solutions available in the literature, that until now appeared physically inequivalent.
description: 22 pages, no figures, references and comments added
Cytometric detection of nuclear features associated with pre-malignancy or malignancy in human bronchial specimens
Creators: name: Payne, Peter William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Approximately 600,000 people in the developed world die each year from lung cancer. The five year survival rate for lung cancer has remained at 13% for the past 30 years. Currently, Stage I Non Small Cell Lung Cancer five year survival rates have been reported at 76%, Stage II 25%,, Stage Ilia and Illb less than 7%, and with Stage IV, five year survival is rare. About 80% of lung cancers are not clinically detected until they are no longer localized. It is assumed that if more people had their lung cancers detected in Stage I rather than in more advanced stages, mortality would be reduced. The hypothesis was that the sensitivity of sputum cytology for detecting early lung cancers can be improved by exploiting the phenomenon of malignancy associated changes (MACs) by a quantitative measurement of changes in DNA distribution. In patients with lung cancer, it was demonstrated that in bronchial biopsies diagnosed as normal by conventional methods, MACs can be detected in approximately 86% of the biopsies. MAC value did not correlate with the distance from the tumour. This MAC expression returned to normal levels after tumour resection. In historical sputum samples it was possible to detect MACs in approximately 80% of the samples including those with no diagnostic cells by conventional criteria. These MACs were detected approximately one year or more before cancer was detected either clinically or by x-ray. MAC expression was shown to be independent of the number of acute inflammatory cells present in the sputum. It was further demonstrated that MACs decrease significantly after successful surgical resection, but persist in patients who develop a recurrence or metastasis within three years after surgery.
PREVISÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ATUAL E FUTURA DE Carapa guianensis Aubl. (MELIACEAE) FRENTE ÀS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS
Creators: name: Amoêdo, Semírian Campos
name: da Cruz Vasconcelos, Caroline
name: Diele-Viegas, Luisa
name: Ferraz, Isolde Dorothea Kossmann
name: Vicentini, Alberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: classificationCode: 310899
subject: Plant biology not elsewhere classified

description: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições climáticas adequadas para prever a distribuição de Carapa guianensis Aubl. no presente e no futuro, considerando diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas. Utilizando registros de presença com coordenadas geográficas disponíveis em banco de dados e variáveis bioclimáticas explicativas do WorldClim, os dados foram analisados em ambiente R. O algoritmo Mahalanobis teve melhor desempenho na modelagem da distribuição preditiva dessa espécie. A maior adequabilidade da espécie é potencialmente na região compreendida entre o Escudo das Guianas, Amazônia Central e Ocidental. Os modelos climáticos demonstraram adaptabilidade da espécie nos dois cenários de mudanças climáticas testados
SU(3) breaking effects in hyperon beta decay from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Sasaki, Shoichi
name: Yamazaki, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of an exploratory study of flavor SU(3) breaking effects in hyperon beta decays using domain wall fermions. From phenomenological point of view, the significance of this subject is twofold: (1) to extract the element $V_{us}$ of the Cabibbo-Kabayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix from the $ΔS=1$ decay process, and (2) to provide vital information to analysis of the strange quark fraction of the proton spin with the polarized deep inelastic scattering data. In this study, we explore the $Ξ^0 \to Σ^+$ beta decay, which is highly sensitive to the SU(3) breaking since this decay corresponds to the direct analogue of neutron beta decay under an exchange between the down quark and the strange quark. We expose the SU(3) breaking effect on $g_A/g_V=g_1(0)/f_1(0)$ up to the first order in breaking. The second-class form factors $g_2$ and $f_3$, of which non-zero values are the direct signals of the SU(3) breaking effect, are also measured. Finally, we estimate $f_1(0)$ up to the second-order correction and then evaluate $|V_{us}|$ combined with the KTeV experiment.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, talk presented at Lattice2006 (Electroweak Decays and Mixing)
title: Adaptation to transposable elements in Drosophila simulans
Creators: name: Paulouskaya, V
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2019

description: Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that proliferate within host genomes, and can also invade new species. The P-element, a DNA-based transposable element, recently invaded two Drosophila species: D. melanogaster in the 20th century, and D. simulans, in the 21st. In both species, lines collected before the invasion are susceptible to ‘hybrid dysgenesis’, a syndrome of abnormal phenotypes that are due to P-element inflicted DNA damage. In D. melanogaster, lines collected after the invasion have evolved a maternally acting mechanism that suppresses the effects of the P-element and therefore hybrid dysgenesis. Extensive work has shown that PIWI-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) are a key factor suppressing P-element induced hybrid dysgenesis. However, most of these studies were performed using lines collected many generations after the initial P-element invasion. In this thesis, I study lines of D. simulans collected early and late in the invasion of the P-element in that species. Similar to D. melanogaster, late in the invasion D. simulans shows abundant P-element derived piRNAs. Lines collected early in the invasion show substantial variation tolerance to the P-element. Surprisingly, however, these lines show no correlation between tolerance to P- element damage and expression of maternal P-element piRNAs, or other known factors influencing hybrid dysgenesis, suggesting mechanisms contribute to P-element suppression prior to the evolution of piRNA suppression. In addition to that, I identify piRNA-producing loci, piRNA clusters, in D. simulans.
title: Workplace: A Journal for Academic Labor, Vol. 35 No. 1 (2024): Pre-prints
title: Pre-prints
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Workplace: A Journal For Academic Labor
Publisher: name: Workplace: A Journal for Academic Labor
Year: 2024

description: Kalief Browder and the Eclipse of the Public Good
Understanding Faculty Association Communication Strategies During Strike Action
Potential Vorticity Transport in Weakly and Strongly Magnetized Plasmas
Creators: name: Chen, Chang-Chun
name: Diamond, Patrick H.
name: Singh, Rameswar
name: Tobias, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76F25, 76E25, 76M35, 76F10

description: Tangled magnetic fields, often coexisting with an ordered mean field, have a major impact on turbulence and momentum transport in many plasmas, including those found in the solar tachocline and magnetic confinement devices. We present a novel mean field theory of potential vorticity mixing in $β$-plane magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and drift wave turbulence. Our results show that mean-square stochastic fields strongly reduce Reynolds stress coherence. This decoherence of potential vorticity flux due to stochastic field scattering leads to suppression of momentum transport and zonal flow formation. A simple calculation suggests that the breaking of the shear-eddy tilting feedback loop by stochastic fields is the key underlying physics mechanism. A dimensionless parameter that quantifies the increment in power threshold is identified and used to assess the impact of stochastic field on the L-H transition. We discuss a model of stochastic fields as a resisto-elastic network.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures