End Users Needs Report: Weather And Climate Data For Northern Finnish Winter Tourism Centers (D5.1)
Creators: name: Lesser, Pamela
name: Toivonen, Jusu
name: Coath, Martin
name: Contreras, Roxana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: climate change
tourism
tourism industry
Lapland
ski industry
blue growth

description: <strong>About this document</strong><br> Deliverable: D5.1 End User Needs Report<br> Work package in charge: WP5 Developing and Valuing Climate Services<br> Actual delivery date for this deliverable: 1 July 2017<br> Dissemination level: CO<br> Lead authors: Arctic Centre University of Lapland: Pamela Lesser Rukakeskus Corporation: Jusu Toivonen Other contributing authors: Arctic Centre, University of Lapland: Roxana Contreras and Martin Coath Reviewer: Danish Meteorological Institute: Chiara Bearzotti <strong>Summary</strong> Research on the effects of climate change on the tourism industry is relatively new. Currently, this field has approached a transition phase, from observing climate change effects on a system to assessing and understanding its vulnerable points and studying adaptation measures, which is what is needed for future development strategies. Tourism in Finnish Lapland, and in particular the ski industry, is highly dependent on climate and weather conditions as these have a direct impact on the timing and availability of snow, snow making, and snow storage conditions. While the effects of climate change are typically described in negative terms, the potential impacts during the winter are generally seen as positive. For example, milder winters in the north can be a positive phenomenon since tourists usually cannot participate in outdoor activities during extremely cold days. On the other hand, studies also suggest that Northern Fennoscandia is one of the fastest warming regions in Europe, and Finland is a country that has one of the fastest warming rates over the last half century, with the highest increases in temperature in November, December and January. For the skiing industry, proper winter conditions are key to commercial success. The client for this case study, Rukakeskus Corporation, is a family business in charge of the ski resorts of Ruka and Pyhä, in Northern Finland. Rukakeskus is one of the leading tourism companies in Finland employing around 200 people and responsible for nearly 20 per cent of annual ski pass sales with approximately 26 million euros in revenue. One of their primary business objectives is to continue to be the most snow‐sure ski resort in Europe as Ruka already provides more than 200 ski days a year, more than any other ski resort in the world apart from those located on glaciers. Ruka focuses on the early and late seasons since that is when very few other ski resorts have snow, and as a result, many training groups currently favor Ruka during those periods. Given the changes in climate that are already visible, it is a distinct possibility that even more race teams will gravitate to Ruka not only for the early and late seasons but for the entire ski season. <br> Ruka has successfully operated their ski resort for decades based on a combination of weather forecasts, planning and experience. However, Ruka has always prided itself on an extremely progressive energy efficient and green business, and they realize that with the Arctic warming at twice the rate, they have already seen changes in the duration of the ski season and know their operations will inevitably be further affected. Ruka has identified data they feel would help them in their decision‐making and benefit their business. This includes long‐term winter forecasts for temperature, wind, cloud cover, snow fall amounts, changes in the length of the<br> winter season, estimates of when winter starts (“permanent” snow falls) and ends (snow melts) and global climate and weather trends such as El Niño and their affects in the ski resort area are of particular interest. For the summer season, forecasts that include more detailed information about temperatures, rainfall, sunshine, and humidity would also be helpful. While Ruka has identified information they think would be useful, this deliverable is not intended as an analysis based on modelling data, but rather, Ruka’s first pass at providing their needs themselves. As the project continues, there will be an iterative process between modellers, the UoL and Ruka to determine what kind of data is not only useful for Ruka but feasible for the modelers to provide. As this deliverable is due Month 7, it has been too early to start this process. Thus, Deliverable 5.1 is supposed to be a first pass at identifying Ruka’s needs and will be subsequently revised as the project goes on.
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