Plutofoenus paraguayensis Schrottky 1906
Creators: name: Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Gasteruptiidae
Plutofoenus
Plutofoenus paraguayensis

description: Plutofoenus paraguayensis (Schrottky 1906)
(Figs. 3d, 11e–f, 12c, 13e, 15)
Gasteruption paraguayense Schrottky, 1906: 56 –57 (description); Crosskey, 1962: 397 –398 (Plutofoenus synonymized under Gasteruption).
Plutofoenus paraguayensis: Kieffer, 1911: 177 (transferred from Gasteruption); Kieffer, 1912: 221 –222 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 42 (catalog).
Holotype. Missing (Schrottky stated one female). Type locality: PARAGUAY: Villa Encarnazión.
Specimens examined. Six specimens (3 females, 3 males). ARGENTINA: Entre Ríos: Pronunciamiento XII.1963, (no collector specified), 1 Ƥ (CNCI); Santa Fé: Las Garzas, 25km L. Ocampo, 1903, E.R. Wagner, 1 Ƥ (MNHN); Santiago del Estero: Los Tigres, 10.IX.1972, R. Golbach, 2 3 (IMLA); Tucumán: 11km W. Las Cejas, II.1968, L.A. Stange 1 3 (IMLA); Las Cejas, 16–31.X.1967, L.A. Stange; 1 Ƥ (AEIC).
Diagnosis. Differs from both P. chaeturus and P. e d w a rd s i by the shorter ovipositor sheath (Fig. 3d) (1.5 times longer than metasoma), while other species have the ovipositor sheath longer than two times metasomal lengh.
Redescription. Female. Length: 17.0 mm (16.8–17.1 mm) (n=2, specimens from AEIC and CNCI); ovipositor sheath length 0.88 (0.87–0.90)X body length.
Head. Red brown, rugulose to imbricate, wider than long; head length 1.31 (1.27–1.35)X eye length; eye length 7.17 (7.17–7.18)X malar space; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital margin 1.53 (1.40–1.67)X distance between posterior ocelli; 1st flagellomere 0.85 (0.75–0.95)X as long as scape, 1.70 (1.50–1.91)X as long as pedicel, 0.70 (0.60–0.81)X as long as 2nd flagellomere; mandible medial tooth developed; clypeus and face with fine longitudinal striae; frontal carina well developed between antennae; posterior ocellus inserted at level of upper eye margin (Fig. 11 e); occipital carina relatively wide dorsally and laterally.
Mesosoma. Predominantly red brown, with mesepimeron black; fore and middle legs with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia red brown, tibia with a white longitudinal stripe, tarsomeres yellow or yellow brown; hind leg red brown; mesosoma (excluding propleuron) 1.67 (1.60–1.73)X as long as high; propleuron 1.23 (1.20–1.27)X longer than its largest wide, 0.75 (0.71–0.80)X pronotum length; metacoxa 2.02 (1.84–2.19)X as long as wide; metatibia 4.19 (4.14–4.25)X as long as wide, 1.37 (1.36–1.38)X as long as femur, 3.33 (3.26–3.40)X as long as 1st tarsomere; propleuron rugulose dorsally and imbricate, with sparse punctations laterally; pronotal process distinct (Fig. 13 e); pronotum with three lobes rugulose, area between lobes with a crenulate ridge; mesoscutum estriate rugose (Fig. 12 c); mesoscutellum rugulose; mesepisternum striate rugose; mesepimeron with irregular striae; metapleuron micro areolate dorsally, ventral margin near middle coxa rugulose, remaining portion rugose; propodeum striate rugose; fore wing vein r–m nebulous; hind wing with vein 2M+Cu pigmented; 5 hamuli.
Metasoma. Predominantly red brown, with T2 and dorsal portion of T3 black, imbricate, 2.41 (2.35–2.47)X as long as mesosoma; ovipositor sheath dark brown basally and subapically, remaining portions yellow brown, 1.50 (1.49–1.51)X as long as metasoma (Fig. 3d).
Male (1st record). Similar to female, body slightly shorter; 3–5 hamuli (4/3: 33.3%; 4/4: 33.3%; 4/5: 33.3%).
Distribution. Paraguay (holotype data), Argentina (Entre Ríos, Santa Fé, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán) (Fig. 15).
Comments. Part of Schrottky’s insect collection in Paraguay was lost in a fire, corresponding to the material described between 1905 and 1907 (De Santis 1996), and probably included the holotype of P. paraguayensis.
This species is characterized here from its original description (Schrottky 1906), especially by the following characteristics: short propleuron; ovipositor length as long as body length; body similar to P. chaeturus, but with a shorter ovipositor. The female I studied from the MNHN bears an identification label as P. paraguayensis by J.J. Pasteels, with which I agree.
description: Published as part of Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz, 2009, Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2075 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187219