cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Role of Temporal Hierarchy in Spiking Neural Networks
Creators: name: Moro, Filippo
name: Vilimelis Aceituno, Pau
name: Kriener, Laura
name: Payvand, Melika
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Spiking neural networks
Hierarchy of time constants
Temporal architecture

description: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have the potential for rich spatio-temporal signal processing thanks to exploiting both spatial and temporal parameters. The temporal dynamics such as time constants of the synapses and neurons and delays have been recently shown to have computational benefits that help reduce the overall number of parameters required in the network and increase the accuracy of the SNNs in solving temporal tasks. Optimizing such temporal parameters, for example, through gradient descent, gives rise to a temporal architecture for different problems. As has been shown in machine learning, to reduce the cost of optimization, architectural biases can be applied, in this case in the temporal domain. Such inductive biases in temporal parameters have been found in neuroscience studies, highlighting a hierarchy of temporal structure and input representation in different layers of the cortex. Motivated by this, we propose to impose a hierarchy of temporal representation in the hidden layers of SNNs, highlighting that such an inductive bias improves their performance. We demonstrate the positive effects of temporal hierarchy in the time constants of feed-forward SNNs applied to temporal tasks (Multi-Time-Scale XOR and Keyword Spotting, with a benefit of up to 4.1% in classification accuracy). Moreover, we show that such architectural biases, i.e. hierarchy of time constants, naturally emerge when optimizing the time constants through gradient descent, initialized as homogeneous values. We further pursue this proposal in temporal convolutional SNNs, by introducing the hierarchical bias in the size and dilation of temporal kernels, giving rise to competitive results in popular temporal spike-based datasets.
description: arXiv
Quantum state transfer between field and atoms in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Creators: name: Dantan, Aurelien
name: Pinard, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a quasi-perfect quantum state transfer between an atomic ensemble and fields in an optical cavity can be achieved in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). A squeezed vacuum field state can be mapped onto the long-lived atomic spin associated to the ground state sublevels of the Lambda-type atoms considered. The EIT on-resonance situation show interesting similarities with the Raman off-resonant configuration. We then show how to transfer the atomic squeezing back to the field exiting the cavity, thus realizing a quantum memory-type operation.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Massive evaluation and analysis of Poincaré recurrences on grids of initial data: a tool to map chaotic diffusion
Creators: name: Shevchenko, Ivan I.
name: Rollin, Guillaume
name: Melnikov, Alexander V.
name: Lages, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel numerical method aimed to characterize global behaviour, in particular chaotic diffusion, in dynamical systems. It is based on an analysis of the Poincaré recurrence statistics on massive grids of initial data or values of parameters. We concentrate on Hamiltonian systems, featuring the method separately for the cases of bounded and non-bounded phase spaces. The embodiments of the method in each of the cases are specific. We compare the performances of the proposed Poincaré recurrence method (PRM) and the custom Lyapunov exponent (LE) methods and show that they expose the global dynamics almost identically. However, a major advantage of the new method over the known global numerical tools, such as LE, FLI, MEGNO, and FA, is that it allows one to construct, in some approximation, charts of local diffusion timescales. Moreover, it is algorithmically simple and straightforward to apply.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communications
What Is the Payoff for Diversifying Rural Economies?
Creators: name: Killian, Molly S.
name: Hady, Thomas F.
name: Killian, Molly S.
name: Hady, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Financial Economics
Labor and Human Capital

description: About half of the Nation's rural economies are dominated by a few industries and about half are diversified. The diversified economies fared better overall than the rural average, but so did economies that specialized in education and government. The strength of both was their stability. They did not grow especially fast, but they grew steadily. Other specialized economies enjoyed good employment growth or good income growth, but their growth was more erratic, making it difficult for local officials to plan for the changing needs of the area.
New millimeter CO observations of the gas-rich debris disks 49 Cet and HD 32297
Creators: name: Moór, Attila
name: Kral, Quentin
name: Ábrahám, Péter
name: Kóspál, Ágnes
name: Dutrey, Anne
name: di Folco, Emmanuel
name: Hughes, A. Meredith
name: Juhász, Attila
name: Pascucci, Ilaria
name: Pawellek, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous observations revealed the existence of CO gas at nearly protoplanetary level in several dust-rich debris disks around young A-type stars. Here we used the ALMA 7m-array to measure $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O emission toward two debris disks, 49 Cet and HD 32297, and detected similarly high CO content ($>$0.01M$_\oplus$). These high CO masses imply a highly efficient shielding of CO molecules against stellar and interstellar ultraviolet photons. Adapting a recent secondary gas disk model that considers both shielding by carbon atoms and self-shielding of CO, we can explain the observed CO level in both systems. Based on the derived gas densities we suggest that, in the HD 32297 disk, dust and gas are coupled and the dynamics of small grains is affected by the gaseous component. For 49 Cet, the question of coupling remains undecided. We found that the main stellar and disk propertiesof 49 Cet and HD 32297 are very similar to those of previously identified debris disks with high CO content. These objects constitute together the first known representatives of shielded debris disks.
description: submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
The influence of technology characteristics on the rate and speed of adoption
Creators: name: Batz, Franz-J.
name: Peters, K.J.
name: Janssen, W.
name: Batz, Franz-J.
name: Peters, K.J.
name: Janssen, W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Innovation adoption
subject: Diffusion
subject: Technology characteristics
subject: Decision making
subject: Dairy farming

description: This paper analyses the impact of technology characteristics on the rate and speed of adoption. In a case study of the Meru district in Kenya, 17 dairy technologies are analyzed with respect to the influence of relative complexity, relative risk and relative investment characteristics on adoption. Technology characteristics were measured by a scoring approach which involves assessments made by extension workers working in the study area. The study found that the past process of adoption and diffusion was significantly influenced by the characteristics mentioned above. Considering the speed to completed adoption, the influence of relative investment was smaller while relative complexity and relative risk showed significance. The strong influence of relative complexity and relative risk of the technologies on the adoption can be explained by the characteristics of farmers and the farming circumstances. Meru farmers are poorly educated and face shortage oflabor making them hesitant to adopt complex technologies. Moreover, the risk of production is high leading farmers to adopt new technologies that reduce risk relative to the traditional technologies. Knowing this, planners in research and extension should advise the development of risk-reducing technologies with a low complexity as compared to the technologies that should be replaced. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Optimal Transport Flows for Distributed Production Networks
Creators: name: Kirkegaard, Julius B.
name: Sneppen, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network flows often exhibit a hierarchical tree-like structure that can be attributed to the minimisation of dissipation. The common feature of such systems is a single source and multiple sinks (or vice versa). In contrast, here we study networks with only a single source and sink. These systems can arise from secondary purposes of the networks, such as blood sugar regulation through insulin production. Minimisation of dissipation in these systems lead to trivial behaviour. We show instead how optimising the transport time yields network topologies that match those observed in the insulin-producing pancreatic islets. These are patterns of periphery-to-center and center-to-periphery flows. The obtained flow networks are broadly independent of how the flow velocity depends on the flow flux, but continuous and discontinuous phase transitions appear at extreme flux dependencies. Lastly, we show how constraints on flows can lead to buckling of the branches of the network, a feature that is also observed in pancreatic islets.
MOESM1 of Assessing the impact of the addition of pyriproxyfen on the durability of permethrin-treated bed nets in Burkina Faso: a compound-randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kobié Toé
name: Mechan, Frank
name: Julie-Anne Tangena
name: Morris, Marion
name: Solino, Joanna
name: Tchicaya, Emile
name: Traoré, Alphonse
name: Hanafy Ismail
name: Maas, James
name: Lissenden, Natalie
name: Pinder, Margaret
name: Lindsay, Steve
name: Tiono, Alfred
name: Ranson, Hilary
name: N’Falé Sagnon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Information sheet and consent form.
Role of $4f$ states in infinite-layer NdNiO$_2$
Creators: name: Choi, Mi-Young
name: Lee, K. -W.
name: Pickett, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic $4f$ states have been found to be essential players in the physical behavior of lanthanide compounds, at the Fermi level $E_F$ as in the proposed topological Kondo insulator SmB$_6$, or further away as in the magnetic superconductor system ${\cal R}$Ni$_2$B$_2$C (${\cal R}$=rare earth ion) and in Y$_{1-x}$Pr$_x$Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$, where the $4f$ shell of Pr has a devastating effect on superconductivity. In hole-doped ${\cal R}$NiO$_2$, the ${\cal R}$=Nd member is found to be superconducting while ${\cal R}$=La is not, in spite of the calculated electronic structures being nearly identical. We report first principles results that indicate that the Nd $4f$ moment affects states at $E_F$ in infinite-layer NdNiO$_2$, an effect that will not occur for LaNiO$_2$. Treating 20% hole-doping in the virtual crystal approach indicates that 0.15 holes empty the $Γ$-centered Nd-derived electron pocket while leaving the other electron pocket unchanged; hence Ni only absorbs 0.05 holes; the La counterpart would behave similarly. However, coupling of $4f$ states to the electron pockets at $E_F$ arises through the Nd intra-atomic $4f-5d$ exchange coupling $K\approx 0.5$ eV and is ferromagnetic (FM), i.e. anti-Kondo, in sign. This interaction causes spin-disorder broadening of the electron pockets and should be included in models of the normal and superconducting states of Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$ The Ni moments differ by 0.2$μ_B$ for FM and antiferromagnetic alignment (the latter are larger), reflecting some itineracy and indicating that Heisenberg coupling of the moments may not provide a quantitative modeling of Ni-Ni exchange coupling.
description: 13 pages with Supplemental Material
Anopedias lacustris Kieffer 1926
Creators: name: Buhl, Peter N.
name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Platygastridae
Anopedias
Anopedias lacustris

description: Anopedias lacustris Kieffer, 1926
England: Norfolk, Strumpshaw Bird Reserve, TG338064, 1 female, 27 June 1989, Foster, A.P. and Procter, D.A., det. D. Notton, 2007 (DGN). Norfolk, Thompson Common, TL935965, 1 female, 10–24 June 1988, Foster, A.P. and Procter, D.A., det. D. Notton, 2007 (DGN).
Scotland: Perth and Kinross, Birks of Aberfeldy, 4 females, 14 July 1977, Noyes, J.S., Rogers, L. and Huddleston, T. (BMNH); Perth and Kinross, Lawers PM, 1 female, 19 July 1952, Graham, M.W.R. de V. (BMNH); Perth and Kinross, Rannoch Forest, 4 females and 9 males, 13 July 1977, Noyes, J.S., Rogers, L. and Huddleston, T. (BMNH).
 Wales: Gwynedd, Arthog Bog, SH638149, 1 female, 23 June 1988, Molinia caerulea / Potentilla erecta mire, Boyce, D.C., Holmes, P.R. and Reed, D.K., det. D. Notton, 2007 (DGN); Newport, Langstone Meadows, ST382897, 4 females, 21 July 1988, Molinia caerulea / Potentilla erecta mire, Boyce, D.C., Holmes, P.R. and Reed, D.K., det. D. Notton, 2007 (DGN); Powys, Colwyn Brook Marshes, SO088542, 1 female, 18 July 1989, Carex acutiformis swamp, Boyce, D.C., Holmes, P.R. and Reed, D.K., det. D. Notton, 2007 (DGN).
Recorded from Ireland by O’Connor et al. (2004), and from the Isle of Man by Buhl and Bennett (2009).
description: Published as part of Buhl, Peter N. & Notton, David G., 2009, A revised catalogue of the Platygastridae of the British Isles (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea), pp. 1651-1703 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on pages 1655-1656, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902993732, http://zenodo.org/record/5216619
Modeling inter-sectoral growth linkages: An application to U.S. agriculture
Creators: name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Roe, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Production Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: General equilibrium and open economy trade theory are used along with time series data on the U.S. agricultural sector to provide insights into the structure of agricultural supply, factor returns and linkages to the rest of the economy. Output expansion and factor returns are found to vary depending on relative factor intensities, which we refer to as Rybczynski and Stolper-Samuelson like effects. The effect of the rest of the economy, particularly the increase in price of services, is found to have relatively large negative impacts on agriculture. The short-run effects of prices and factor endowments on growth in agricultural supply and factor returns are dominated by the long-run effects of technological change. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
TEXEL: A neuromorphic processor with on-chip learning for beyond-CMOS device integration
Creators: name: Greatorex, Hugh
name: Richter, Ole
name: Mastella, Michele
name: Cotteret, Madison
name: Klein, Philipp
name: Fabre, Maxime
name: Rubino, Arianna
name: Soares Girão, Willian
name: Chen, Junren
name: Ziegler, Martin
name: Begon-Lours, Laura
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
name: Chicca, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Neuromorphic computing
Spiking neural networks
asynchronous mixed-signal integrated circuits
In-memory computing
Back-end of line integration

description: Recent advances in memory technologies, devices and materials have shown great potential for integration into neuromorphic electronic systems. However, a significant gap remains between the development of these materials and the realization of large-scale, fully functional systems. One key challenge is determining which devices and materials are best suited for specific functions and how they can be paired with CMOS circuitry. To address this, we introduce TEXEL, a mixed-signal neuromorphic architecture designed to explore the integration of on-chip learning circuits and novel two- and three-terminal devices. TEXEL serves as an accessible platform to bridge the gap between CMOS-based neuromorphic computation and the latest advancements in emerging devices. In this paper, we demonstrate the readiness of TEXEL for device integration through comprehensive chip measurements and simulations. TEXEL provides a practical system for testing bio-inspired learning algorithms alongside emerging devices, establishing a tangible link between brain-inspired computation and cutting-edge device research.
description: arXiv
MOESM5 of Ultrasound-based clinical profiles for predicting the risk of intradialytic hypotension in critically ill patients on intermittent dialysis: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Passos, Rogerio Hora
name: Caldas, Juliana
name: Joao Ramos
name: Melo, Erica Santos GalvÃ£O De
name: Ribeiro, Michel
name: Alves, Maria
name: Batista, Paulo
name: Messeder, Octavio
name: Farias, Augusto De Carvalho De
name: Macedo, Etienne
name: Rouby, Jean
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 5. Ultrasound procedures and classifications
Six Ways States Can Spur Their Rural Economies
Creators: name: Smith, Stewart N.
name: Smith, Stewart N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The six tactics described here seem to promise a high return on the State's investment in its rural economy. The common element that they share is to recognize the limits of government, especially State government, in markets that often transcend national boundaries, the importance of small firms in rural economies, and special situations where the marketplace is least efficient.
Ceratacis laricis Buhl & Notton 2009, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Buhl, Peter N.
name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Platygastridae
Ceratacis
Ceratacis laricis

description: Ceratacis laricis (Haliday, 1835) comb. nov.
 England: Cambridgeshire, Chippenham Fen NNR, TL645697, 1 female, 1 September 1989, Foster, A.P. and Procter, D.A., det. D. Notton, 2007 (DGN); Chippenham Fen NNR, TL652692, 1 female, 10–24 August 1988, Foster, A.P. and Procter, D.A., det. D. Notton, 2007 (DGN); Hampshire, Awbridge, near Romsey, 1 female, August 1981, Vardy, C.R. (BMNH); Hampshire, Brockenhurst, 1 female, 22–25 August 1932, Nixon, G.E.J. (BMNH); Hampshire, New Forest, Lyndhurst-Brockenhurst Road, 7 females and 1 male, 1 June 1955, Clark, J.A. and Clark, D.J. (BMNH); Oxfordshire, Ipsden, 1 female, 22 June 1975, Noyes, J.S. (BMNH); Surrey, White Downs, near Dorking, 1 female, 18 July 1970, Bou C ek, Z. (BMNH).
Ireland: Kildare, Royal Canal, 1 female, 5 August 1951, Stelfox, A.W. (BMNH); Sligo, Bunduff, 1 female, 23 July 1933, Nixon, G.E.J. (BMNH).
Scotland: Highland, Loch Arkaig, 1 female, 22–24 June 1959, Eady, B.K. and Eady, R.D. (BMNH); Highland, Rum, Hallival Terrace, 2100 feet (630 m), 1 female, 1 September 1961, Graham, M.W.R. de V. (BMNH); Perth and Kinross, Rannoch Forest, 1 female, 13 July 1977, Noyes, J.S., Rogers, L. and Huddleston, T. (BMNH).
 Wales: Bridgend, Kenfig Pool, 1 female, 2 August 1975, Noyes, J.S. (BMNH); Gwynedd, Trefor (as Trevor), 1 female, 12 September 1977, Bou C ek, Z. (BMNH); Pontypridd, Pontypridd, 1 female, 25 May 1975, Noyes, J.S. (BMNH).
 Recorded from Ireland by Walker (1835). Ceratacis flavipes and C. laricis seem to differ only in the structure of the male A4 which is unusually large in C. laricis. As these two rare species have been found together on the same locality and date these are possibly two forms of the same species (i.e. of C. laricis).
description: Published as part of Buhl, Peter N. & Notton, David G., 2009, A revised catalogue of the Platygastridae of the British Isles (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea), pp. 1651-1703 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on page 1657, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902993732, http://zenodo.org/record/5216619
A conceptual framework of adoption of an agricultural innovation
Creators: name: Ghadim, Amir K. Abadi
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Ghadim, Amir K. Abadi
name: Pannell, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Production Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In this paper we present a conceptual framework of individual farmers' decisions on adoption of a new innovation, using the example of a new crop species. This framework overcomes the shortcomings of a number of previous studies. It represents the adoption of an innovation as a dynamic decision problem spanning at least several years. The model allows for generation of potentially valuable infmmation from trialing the innovation. The value of such trials is due to development of skills (e.g. in agronomic management of a crop) as well as reduction in uncertainty about the innovation's long-term profitability. The framework also includes the farmer's personal perceptions, managerial abilities and risk preferences in order to properly represent the adoption decision process. The influences of socio-demographic factors within the framework are discussed. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Determining Strong Phase of $a_1$ Meson Decay Amplitude using $W \to ντ(\to νa_1(\toπ^\mp π^\mp π^\pm))$ Process
Creators: name: Hagiwara, Kaoru
name: Ishida, Hiroyuki
name: Yamada, Toshifumi
name: Yang, Daneng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To measure the helicity of a spin-1 meson from the triple vector product of the three-momenta of its decay products, one needs information about the strong phase of the decay amplitude. In this paper, taking $a_1(1260)$ meson as an example, we present a method to extract information about the strong phase from the triple vector product of the pion momenta in $W \to ντ(\to νa_1(\toπ^\mp π^\mp π^\pm))$ process, where the $a_1$ helicity is known a priori from electroweak theory. This process is advantageous in that highly-boosted $a_1^-$ mesons from $τ_L^-$ decays have nearly maximal helicity asymmetry and thus most reflect the strong phase. We revisit the theoretical calculation of the $a_1$ meson helicity in $W \to ντ(\to νa_1)$ process. We formulate the differential decay rate of polarized $a_1$ mesons in a manner convenient for the study of the $a_1$ meson helicity asymmetry. Finally, we present the method for extracting information about the strong phase, and assess its feasibility at the LHC.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures. References added. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
To the Problem of Cosmic Expansion in Massive Gravity
Creators: name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
name: Longo, Alessandro
name: Tambalo, Giovanni
name: Zumalacarregui, Miguel
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider evolving, spatially flat isotropic and homogeneous (FLRW) cosmologies in ghost-free (dRGT) massive gravity. In this theory, no dynamical flat FLRW background exists if the reference metric is chosen to be Minkowski and the Stueckelberg fields are homogeneous. Relaxing the assumptions on the Stueckelberg profiles gives access to dynamical backgrounds. We propose a classification of the viable flat FLRW cosmological solutions of dRGT massive gravity. Instead of specifying an initial ansatz for the Stueckelberg fields $ϕ^a$ and the reference metric $f_{ab}$, we show that imposing homogeneity and isotropy on the square root tensor $X^μ_ν=\left(\sqrt{g^{-1}\partialϕ^a \partialϕ^bf_{ab}}\right)^μ_ν$ leads to dynamical cosmological solutions, and we characterize their properties. These solutions become dynamical only when the Stueckelberg fields acquire a sufficiently inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic profile. We explore the consequences for the minimal model and the complete dRGT theory, and show that perturbations are strongly coupled, at the quadratic level, on these backgrounds.
description: arXiv
Imperfect competition, functional forms, and the size and distribution of research benefits
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Zhang, Mingxia
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Zhang, Mingxia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research benefits
subject: Functional form
subject: Imperfect competition

description: The effects of functional forms for supply and demand on the size and distribution of the returns to research are examined under a range of forms of competition. Under perfect competition, the choice of functional form is relatively unimportant for the estimation of research benefits. Under imperfect competition, the combination of the choice of functional forms for supply and demand and the nature of the research-induced supply shift can have profound implications for the results. Functional form plays a much more important role than in the competitive model. The most important contrast is between the constant elasticity model and the linear model (along with various cases of a generalized linear model). These findings are illustrated using a combination of analytical results and numerical simulations. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Self consistent estimates of magnetic fields from reheating
Creators: name: Calzetta, Esteban
name: Kandus, Alejandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the generation of primordial magnetic fields from stochastic currents created by the cosmological transition from inflation to reheating. We consider N charged scalar fields coupled to the electromagnetic field in a curved background and derive self-consistent equations for the evolution of the two point functions of the fields, which in the large N limit give a decoupled set for the scalar and the electromagnetic functions. The main contribution to the electric current comes from the infrared portion of the spectrum of created particles, and in this limit the damping of the magnetic field is not due to normal conductivity but to London currents in the scalar field. For a given set of the physical parameters of the problem, we solved this equation numerically and found that, due to the fact that the London currents are oscillating, the field actually grows exponentially during the time interval in which our large-N limit equations are valid. Although for the chosen parameters the induced field is weak, the present uncertainties on their actual values leave open the possibility for higher intensities.
description: 25 pages, three figures. One figure added, discussion on non adiabatic induction of the magnetic field improved. References added. Final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
The ‘clinically significant’ bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in children: a comparative study between six definitions of scholarly societies and a mini-review
Creators: name: Guezguez, Fatma
name: Hend Knaz
name: Ichraf Anane
name: Bougrida, Mohamed
name: Saad, Helmi Ben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objective: To compare the percentages of children with and without airway obstruction (obstructive and non-obstructive groups, respectively) presenting a ‘clinically significant’ BDR according to the following definitions: GINA: FEV1 increase >12% predicted (∆Predicted), ATS/ERS: FEV1 increase ≥12% initial (∆Initial) and ∆FEV1 absolute (∆) ≥200 ml and/or ∆FVCInitial ≥12% and ∆FVC ≥200 ml, British thoracic society (BTS): ∆FEV1Initial ≥12%, National asthma education and prevention program (NAEPP): ∆FEV1Initial ≥12% and ∆FEV1 > 200 ml, Group of research on advances in pediatric pneumology: ∆FEV1Initial ≥12% or ∆PEFInitial ≥20%, and South African thoracic society (SATS): ∆FEV1Initial ≥12% or ∆FEV1 >200 ml and/or ∆FVCInitial ≥12% or ∆FVC >200 ml. Methods: This was a multicenter comparative study involving 278 children aged 6 to16 years: obstructive group (FEV1/FVC < lower-limit-of-normal, n = 116) and non-obstructive group (FEV1/FVC ≥ lower-limit-of-normal, n = 162). Spirometry was performed before/after a bronchodilator test. The Cochrane Q test was used to compare the percentage of responders according to the six definitions. Results: The percentages of responders among the obstructive [ranging from 51.72 (NAEPP) to 74.14% (SATS)] and the non-obstructive [ranging from 0.62 (NAEPP, BTS) to 8.64% (SATS)] groups were definition-dependent. Conclusion: In children, a ‘clinically significant’ BDR is definition-dependent.
MOESM9 of CRISPR elements provide a new framework for the genealogy of the citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri
Creators: name: Kwanho Jeong
name: Muñoz-Bodnar, Alejandra
name: Rojas, Nathalia Arias
name: Poulin, Lucie
name: Rodriguez-R, Luis
name: Gagnevin, Lionel
name: Vernière, Christian
name: Pruvost, Olivier
name: Koebnik, Ralf
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9: Table S2. List of full-length genome resources used in this study.
GLoW: novel methods for wave-optics phenomena in gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Villarrubia-Rojo, Hector
name: Savastano, Stefano
name: Zumalacárregui, Miguel
name: Choi, Lyla
name: Goyal, Srashti
name: Dai, Liang
name: Tambalo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave-optics phenomena in gravitational lensing occur when the signal's wavelength is commensurate to the gravitational radius of the lens. Although potentially detectable in lensed gravitational waves, fast radio bursts and pulsars, accurate numerical predictions are challenging to compute. Here we present novel methods for wave-optics lensing that allow the treatment of general lenses. In addition to a general algorithm, specialized methods optimize symmetric lenses (arbitrary number of images) and generic lenses in the single-image regime. We also develop approximations for simple lenses (point-like and singular isothermal sphere) that drastically outperform known solutions without compromising accuracy. These algorithms are implemented in Gravitational Lensing of Waves (GLoW): an accurate, flexible, and fast code. GLoW efficiently computes the frequency-dependent amplification factor for generic lens models and arbitrary impact parameters in O(1 ms) to O(10 ms) depending on the lens configuration and complexity. GLoW is readily applicable to model lensing diffraction on gravitational-wave signals, offering new means to investigate the distribution of dark-matter and large-scale structure with signals from ground and space detectors.
description: arXiv
Inostemma curtum Szelenyi 1938
Creators: name: Buhl, Peter N.
name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Platygastridae
Inostemma
Inostemma curtum

description: Inostemma curtum Szelényi, 1938
 England: Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 1 female, 16 May 1976, Bou C ek, Z. (BMNH); Surrey, Esher Common, 1 female, 28 May 1972, 1 female, 29 May 1971, Bou C ek, Z. (BMNH).
Recorded from Ireland by O’Connor et al. (2004).
description: Published as part of Buhl, Peter N. & Notton, David G., 2009, A revised catalogue of the Platygastridae of the British Isles (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea), pp. 1651-1703 in Journal of Natural History 43 (27 - 28) on page 1659, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902993732, http://zenodo.org/record/5216619
Environment-induced synchronization of two quantum oscillators
Creators: name: Henriet, Loic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous synchronization between coupled periodic systems occur in a wealth of classical physical setups. Here, we show theoretically that the phase of two distinct quantum harmonic oscillators spontaneously when they are strongly coupled to a common bosonic quantum dissipative environment at zero temperature, in the absence of any driving mechanism. To do so, we compute the dynamics of the oscillators with an exact master equation obtained from a path integral formalism. Above some value of the system-environment coupling strength, we observe numerically a strongly reduced damping and a frequency locking in the dynamics of the oscillators. Beyond the synchronization mechanism, we also describe the rich phenomenology of the dynamics in the model and notably identify the additional emergence of a regime with long-lived oscillations.
REALOCANDO OS FRIGORIFICOS NO ESTADO DO MATO GROSSO
Creators: name: Brunetti, Lucas
name: Dos Reis, Janderson Damaceno
name: Brunetti, Lucas
name: Dos Reis, Janderson Damaceno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: frigorificos
subject: localizacao otima
subject: custos de transporte
subject: slaughtering plans
subject: optimal location
subject: transport cost

description: A programação linear de modelos de transporte nesse artigo é usada para considerar conjuntamente os custos de transporte dos insumos e dos mercadorias finais. O problema concerne na localização ótima dos frigoríficos bovinos no estado do Mato Grosso dada as localizações, o número e a capacidade dos frigoríficos, quantidade de animais para o abate e a demanda final por carne. Um processo de inferência é usado para obter os fretes, o processo é desenvolvido de modo a construir dois cenários. O primeiro é baseado em fretes de baixo custo para grandes distâncias, o segundo em fretes de alto custo para grandes distâncias. Para o primeiro cenário os frigoríficos ficaram localizados em 17 regiões com grandes diferenças de escala entre eles, sendo que as novas indústrias ficaram principalmente na nova fronteira agrícola. No segundo cenário os frigoríficos ficaram espalhados por todas as regiões e as variações de escala foram pequenas. -------------------------------------------------- The transhipment model of linear programming in this paper is used to consider simultaneously the cost of shipping raw materials and the final product. The problem concerns the location of Mato Grosso cattle slaughtering plans given the possible locations, number and size of slaughtering plans, quantity of slaughter animals and the final beef demand. An inference process is used to obtaining the transfer costs, this process are development to building two scenarios. The first is considering a low high-distances cattle-transfer-cost and the second is a expensive high-distances cattle –transfer-cost. In the first scenario the slaughtering plans are indicated for seventeen regions, the transfers industry are moved to amazons agriculture’s new frontier, with plants of varying scale. In the second scenario is a all-regions dressing-beef-house’s with a small varying of scale.
Additional file 2 of Serum lactate dehydrogenase level predicts the prognosis in bladder cancer patients
Creators: name: Gu, Shuo
name: Yang, Chao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Supplement Table 1. Demographics between BC patients and controls.
Sulfite oxidation experiments reveal the pH dependency of volcanic sulfate Δ’17O signal
Creators: name: Somlyay, Anna
name: Galili, Nir
name: Hemingway, Jordon
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550
Earth sciences

description: Abstract Volume 22nd Swiss Geoscience Meeting
Robust Independent Validation of Experiment and Theory: Rivet version 3
Creators: name: Bierlich, C.
name: Buckley, A.
name: Butterworth, J. M.
name: Christensen, C. H.
name: Corpe, L.
name: Grellscheid, D.
name: Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.
name: Gutschow, C.
name: Karczmarczyk, P.
name: Klein, J.
name: Lonnblad, L.
name: Pollard, C. S.
name: Richardson, P.
name: Schulz, H.
name: Siegert, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First released in 2010, the Rivet library forms an important repository for analysis code, facilitating comparisons between measurements of the final state in particle collisions and theoretical calculations of those final states. We give an overview of Rivet's current design and implementation, its uptake for analysis preservation and physics results, and summarise recent developments including propagation of MC systematic-uncertainty weights, heavy-ion and $ep$ physics, and systems for detector emulation. In addition, we provide a short user guide that supplements and updates the Rivet user manual.
Integrability of the n-centre problem at high energies
Creators: name: Knauf, A.
name: Taimanov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that for generic configuration of the centres at high energy levels the n-centre problem is completely integrable by using $C^\infty$ integrals of the motion however it is not integrable in terms of real analytic functions
description: 4 pages
A machine-learning approach to Detect users' suspicious behaviour through the Facebook wall
Creators: name: Panagiotou, Aimilia
name: Ghita, Bogdan
name: Shiaeles, Stavros
name: Bendiab, Keltoum
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Facebook represents the current de-facto choice for social media, changing the nature of social relationships. The increasing amount of personal information that runs through this platform publicly exposes user behaviour and social trends, allowing aggregation of data through conventional intelligence collection techniques such as OSINT (Open Source Intelligence). In this paper, we propose a new method to detect and diagnose variations in overall Facebook user psychology through Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and machine learning techniques. We are aggregating the spectrum of user sentiments and views by using N-Games charts, which exhibit noticeable variations over time, validated through long term collection. We postulate that the proposed approach can be used by security organisations to understand and evaluate the user psychology, then use the information to predict insider threats or prevent insider attacks.
description: 8 pages
OV and VO variation in code-switching
Creators: name: Shim, Ji Young
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: bilingualism
subject: Korean and English
subject: Japanese and English
subject: 400 Sprache::400 Sprache::400 Sprache

description: This monograph is intended as a contribution to the field of bilingualism from a generative syntax perspective at a variety of levels. It investigates code-switching between Korean and English and also between Japanese and English, which exhibit several interesting features. Due to their canonical word order differences, Korean and Japanese being SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) and English SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), a code-switched sentence between Korean/Japanese and English can take, in principle, either OV or VO order, to which little attention has been paid in the literature. On the contrary, word order is one of the most extensively discussed topics in generative syntax, especially in the Principles and Parameter’s approach (P&P) where various proposals have been made to account of various order patterns of different languages. By taking the generative view that linguistic variation is due to variation in the domain of functional categories rather than lexical roots (e.g. Borer 1984; Chomsky 1995), this monograph investigates word order variation in Korean-English and Japanese-English code-switching, with particular attention to the relative placement of the predicate (verb) and its complement (object) in two contrasting word orders, OV and VO, which was tested against Korean-English and Japanese-English bilingual speakers’ introspective judgments. The results provide strong evidence indicating that the distinction between functional and lexical verbs plays a major role in deriving different word orders (OV and VO, respectively) in Korean-English and Japanese-English code-switching, which supports the hypothesis that parametric variation is attributed to differences in the features of a functional category in the lexicon, as assumed in minimalist syntax. In particular, the explanation pursued in this monograph is based on feature inheritance, a syntactic derivational process, which was proposed in recent developments the Minimalist Program. The monograph shows that by studying diverse and creative word order patterns of code-switching, we are at a better disposal to understand how languages are parameterized similarly or differently in a given domain, which is the very topic that generative linguists have pursued for a long time.
Moving Atom-Field Interactions: Quantum Motional Decoherence and Relaxation
Creators: name: Shresta, S.
name: Hu, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reduced dynamics of an atomic qubit coupled both to its own quantized center of mass motion through the spatial mode functions of the electromagnetic field, as well as the vacuum modes, is calculated in the influence functional formalism. The formalism chosen can describe the entangled non-Markovian evolution of the system with a full account of the coherent back-action of the environment on the qubit. We find a slight increase in the decoherence due to the quantized center of mass motion and give a condition on the mass and qubit resonant frequency for which the effect is important. In optically resonant alkali-metal atom systems, we find the effect to be negligibly small. The framework presented here can nevertheless be used for general considerations of the coherent evolution of qubits in moving atoms in an electromagnetic field.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, minor changes
The "physical process" version of the first law and the generalized second law for charged and rotating black holes
Creators: name: Gao, Sijie
name: Wald, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate both the ``physical process'' version of the first law and the second law of black hole thermodynamics for charged and rotating black holes. We begin by deriving general formulas for the first order variation in ADM mass and angular momentum for linear perturbations off a stationary, electrovac background in terms of the perturbed non-electromagnetic stress-energy, $δT_{ab}$, and the perturbed charge current density, $δj^a$. Using these formulas, we prove the "physical process version" of the first law for charged, stationary black holes. We then investigate the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL) for charged, stationary black holes for processes in which a box containing charged matter is lowered toward the black hole and then released (at which point the box and its contents fall into the black hole and/or thermalize with the ``thermal atmosphere'' surrounding the black hole). Assuming that the thermal atmosphere admits a local, thermodynamic description with respect to observers following orbits of the horizon Killing field, and assuming that the combined black hole/thermal atmosphere system is in a state of maximum entropy at fixed mass, angular momentum, and charge, we show that the total generalized entropy cannot decrease during the lowering process or in the ``release process''. Consequently, the GSL always holds in such processes. No entropy bounds on matter are assumed to hold in any of our arguments.
description: 35 pages; 1 eps figure
Exploring the Local Landscape in the Triangle Network
Creators: name: Bäumer, Elisa
name: Gitton, Victor
name: Kriváchy, Tamás
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Renner, Renato
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the set of distributions that can be realized in the triangle network is a notoriously difficult problem. In this work, we investigate inner approximations of the set of local (classical) distributions of the triangle network. A quantum distribution that appears to be nonlocal is the Elegant Joint Measurement (EJM) [Entropy. 2019; 21(3):325], which motivates us to study distributions having the same symmetries as the EJM. We compare analytical and neural-network-based inner approximations and find a remarkable agreement between the two methods. Using neural network tools, we also conjecture network Bell inequalities that give a trade-off between the levels of correlation and symmetry that a local distribution may feature. Our results considerably strengthen the conjecture that the EJM is nonlocal.
description: arXiv