cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Housing and Tax Policy
Creators: name: Alpanda, Sami
name: Zubairy, Sarah
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: In this paper, we investigate the effects of housing-related tax policy measures on macroeconomic aggregates using a dynamic general-equilibrium model. The model features borrowing and lending across heterogeneous households, financial frictions in the form of collateral constraints tied to house prices, and a rental housing market alongside owner-occupied housing. Using our model, we analyze the effects of changes in housing-related tax policy measures on the level of output, tax revenue and household debt, along with other macroeconomic aggregates. The tax policies we consider are (i) increasing property tax rates, (ii) eliminating the mortgage interest deduction, (iii) eliminating the depreciation allowance for rental income, (iv) instituting taxation of imputed rental income from owner-occupied housing and (v) eliminating the property tax deduction. We find that among these fiscal tools, eliminating the mortgage interest deduction would be the most effective in raising tax revenue, and in reducing household debt, per unit of output lost. On the other hand, eliminating the depreciation allowance for rental income would be the least effective. Our experiments also highlight the differential welfare impact of each tax policy on savers, borrowers and renters.
description: Dans leur étude, les auteurs analysent les effets sur le plan macroéconomique de diverses mesures fiscales touchant l’habitation à l’aide d’un modèle dynamique d’équilibre général. Leur modèle met en scène un ensemble hétérogène de ménages qui prêtent et empruntent entre eux, des frictions financières constituées par les contraintes de garantie liées au prix des maisons auxquelles ceux-ci sont confrontés, de même qu’un marché locatif côtoyant un marché dans lequel les logements sont habités par leurs propriétaires. Tirant parti de leur modèle, les auteurs étudient les effets sur le niveau de la production, les recettes fiscales, la dette des ménages et d’autres grandeurs macroéconomiques de la modification de la fiscalité du logement par les mesures suivantes : 1) le relèvement des taux d’impôt foncier, 2) la suppression de la déduction fiscale au titre des intérêts d’emprunts hypothécaires, 3) la suppression de la déduction pour amortissement s’appliquant au revenu locatif, 4) l’imposition de loyers fictifs aux propriétaires-occupants et 5) la suppression de la déduction de la taxe foncière. Les auteurs montrent que, de ces instruments de politique fiscale, c’est l’élimination de la déduction au titre des intérêts d’emprunts hypothécaires qui ferait le plus augmenter les recettes fiscales, et abaisser l’endettement des ménages, par unité de production perdue. La mesure la moins efficace serait l’élimination de la déduction pour amortissement s’appliquant au revenu locatif. Nos simulations font également ressortir les écarts d’incidence sur le bien-être des épargnants, des emprunteurs et des locataires résultant des différentes mesures fiscales considérées.
When Breath Becomes Air: Constructing Stable Narrative Identity during Terminal Illness
Creators: name: Muijnck, Deborah De
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200599 Literary Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This article tackles the question of how narrative identity can be shaped and stabilised during terminal illness. It focuses on how the experience of cancer challenges, or possibly strengthens, the sense of identity by sharing narratives of the past, by evaluating present identity, and by commenting on possible future selves. It does so by focusing exemplary on textual markers within Paul Kalanithi’s New York Times bestselling autobiography When Breath Becomes Air (2016), which the author wrote after receiving his diagnosis of terminal cancer. This paper also offers an analytical framework for narrative researchers who aim to analyse narrative identity in the growing field of health narratives, where oral and written communication help the individual establish a stable (pre-)conflict and post-conflict sense of identity. 
GUI based Modular EEG preprocessing pipeline for HPC
Creators: name: Dhakal, Satkar
name: Koirala, Prasanna
name: Fox, Lindsey
name: Kaczkurkin, Antonia N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: EEG
Signal Processing
HPC

description: Electroencephalography (EEG) preprocessing is the initial and critical step for accurate brain function and behavior analysis. There is a pressing demand for an automatic pipeline that can process huge volumes of data, yet existing commercial software solutions are expensive, have no batch processing capabilities and offer limited automation. While open-source libraries in Python and R can be used to implement a solution, it demands extensive programming expertise in researchers who very often lack knowledge of programming and batch processing. This project introduces an accessible, scalable, EEG processing pipeline framework tailored for high-performance computing (HPC). It features a graphical user interface (GUI) with node editor based drag and drop pipeline creator with reusable modules, a Python based pipeline runner to run the serialized interpretation of pipeline leveraging MNE library, and SLURM integration for batch processing. The framework provides modules for commonly used preprocessing steps such as filtering, epoching, artifact rejection, baseline correction and advanced techniques like Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and power spectral density analysis. The framework has been supporting diverse EEG research applications including resting state, letter flanker and emotional regulation analysis at BRAINS Lab with ACCRE computing cluster at Vanderbilt University, proving its flexibility and adaptability for real world use cases. By significantly advancing the accessibility and increasing automation of EEG preprocessing, this system holds promise for reducing barriers and accelerating research in neuroscience and related fields.
The Use of Free Indirect Discourse in J. R. Ward’s Black Dagger Brotherhood series
Creators: name: Kendal, Evie
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200599 Literary Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Although the romance genre has received a lot of attention in feminist and gender studies, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, it is still largely ignored by narratologists and other literary theorists. When romance is subjected to any scholarly treatment it tends to be as a cultural phenomenon, and in bulk, rather than as individual texts. The purpose of this article is to examine J. R. Ward’s Black Dagger Brotherhood paranormal romance series purely from a narratological perspective, exploring how Ward’s narrative technique serves to satisfy the conventions of the romance formula while also yielding an original and engaging story. The primary area of interest in this article is Ward’s use of narrative voice, particularly her extensive use of free indirect discourse, and the impact this has on the formula romance plot.
ONDE ERROU SUN TZU: ESTUPRO COMO ESTRATÉGIA MILITAR, A ATUAÇÃO DO TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL E O POSICIONAMENTO DOS ESTADOS SOBERANOS À LUZ DO JUS IN BELLO
Creators: name: LUIZA BATISTA BELÉM
name: CAIO AUGUSTO SOUZA LARA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O tema-problema da presente pesquisa que se pretende desenvolver é a análise dos desafios relacionados à punição do estupro como crime de guerra e estratégia militar no Tribunal Penal Internacional à luz do Direito Humanitário. Sob esse prisma, reputa-se fundamental uma análise tanto da conjuntura sociológica no que se refere à sociedade global quanto do ordenamento jurídico internacional. A importância de se discutir o tema se pauta no paradoxo da necessidade de proteção da pessoa humana na conjuntura da guerra, garantida por norma de caráter peremptório, versus a omissão dos órgãos e sujeitos de Direito Internacional frente à punição e prevenção do crime de estupro como estratégia militar em conflitos internos e externos. Nessa conjuntura, o estupro como estratégia militar, que foi amplamente utilizado durante a 2ª Guerra Mundial, continua sendo uma estratégia recorrente como forma de desestabilizar a comunidade e alterar a composição étnica de determinado grupo. [...]
$J/ψ$ and $η_c$ in the Deconfined Plasma from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Asakawa, M.
name: Hatsuda, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyzing correlation functions of charmonia at finite temperature ($T$) on $32^3\times(32-96)$ anisotropic lattices by the maximum entropy method (MEM), we find that $J/ψ$ and $η_c$ survive as distinct resonances in the plasma even up to $T \simeq 1.6 T_c$ and that they eventually dissociate between $1.6 T_c$ and $1.9 T_c$ ($T_c$ is the critical temperature of deconfinement). This suggests that the deconfined plasma is non-perturbative enough to hold heavy-quark bound states. The importance of having sufficient number of temporal data points in MEM analyses is also emphasized.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, REVTEX, version to appear in Physical Review Letters
Editorial
Creators: name: Fung, Calvin
name: Mastrantoni, Giulia
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200599 Literary Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Issue thirty-eight of Colloquy: Text, Theory, Critique is the second issue of 2019, a special issue on the theme of “narrative.” We would like to acknowledge the contribution of outgoing editor-in-chief, Matilda Grogan, who was an integral part of the conception of the special issue and its theme. We welcome some new members into our editorial team and would like to thank them for their hard work on this issue.
Chandra Detection of the X-ray counterpart of the High-magnetic field Radio Pulsar J1119-6127 in the Supernova Remnant G292.2-0.5
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Marjorie
name: Safi-Harb, Samar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer detection of the X-ray counterpart of the high magnetic field, ~1600 year-old, 407 ms radio pulsar J1119-6127 associated with the supernova remnant G292.2-0.5. The powerful imaging capability of Chandra also unveiled, for the first time, a faint 3"x6" pulsar wind nebula (PWN) at energies above ~1.2 keV. The X-ray emission from the pulsar and its associated nebula is well described by an absorbed power law model with a photon index of 2.2 (1.9-2.8). The corresponding 0.5-10 keV unabsorbed X-ray luminosity is 5.5(2.2-15.5)x10^32 ergs/s (at 6 kpc). When compared to two other pulsars with similar spin and magnetic properties, J1119-6127 stands out as being the least efficient at turning rotational kinetic energy into X-ray emission. This study shows that high magnetic field radio pulsars can be significant X-ray emitters and Chandra is needed to study the emission properties of the pulsars and associated faint PWNe.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. To appear in ApJL July 10 2003 (submitted April 10 2003, accepted May 22 2003)
All the Disc’s a Stage: Terry Pratchett’s Wyrd Sisters as Metafiction
Creators: name: Prema Arasu
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200599 Literary Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Terry Pratchett’s Discworld is a post-structuralist landscape where stories are real and magic is a mediating force between reality and representation. Pratchett’s Discworld novels possess a strong undercurrent of the recognition of the power of words and the ways in which stories or representations threaten reality. This article examines Wyrd Sisters as a work of metafiction, that is, a work that acknowledges its existence as a representational text and experiments with the idea of “representationality.” Wyrd Sisters takes three witches of the Discworld and places them in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. The novel’s parodic relationship with its hypotext highlights its existence as a work of fiction and, furthermore, draws upon the Shakespearean mise-en-abyme to illuminate the power of representation as a form of magic which has the power to transform, alter, and replace reality. By exposing the artifice of representation, metafiction issues a challenge to the ontological distinction between fiction and reality: by exposing the ways in which texts are constructed by language, the linguistic construction of reality is manifest. By implication, the existence of a verisimilar reality independent of subjective representation is challenged.
Sponsors
Creators: name: Glass, Challenging
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: The Challenging Glass 7 proceedings and webinar are sponsored by: Platinum Sponsors: • Saint-Gobain • Eastman Gold Sponsors: • Bellapart • Dow • SEEN • Trosifol Silver Sponsors: • Ayrox • Octatube • Permasteelisa • Vitroplena
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
Random-effects meta-analysis of phase I dose-finding studies using stochastic process priors
Creators: name: Ursino, Moreno
name: Röver, Christian
name: Zohar, Sarah
name: Friede, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phase I dose-finding studies aim at identifying the maximal tolerated dose (MTD). It is not uncommon that several dose-finding studies are conducted, although often with some variation in the administration mode or dose panel. For instance, sorafenib (BAY 43-900) was used as monotherapy in at least 29 phase I trials according to a recent search in clinicaltrials.gov. Since the toxicity may not be directly related to the specific indication, synthesizing the information from several studies might be worthwhile. However, this is rarely done in practice and only a fixed-effect meta-analysis framework was proposed to date. We developed a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis methodology to pool several phase I trials and suggest the MTD. A curve free hierarchical model on the logistic scale with random effects, accounting for between-trial heterogeneity, is used to model the probability of toxicity across the investigated doses. An Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Gaussian process is adopted for the random effects structure. Prior distributions for the curve free model are based on a latent Gamma process. An extensive simulation study showed good performance of the proposed method also under model deviations. Sharing information between phase I studies can improve the precision of MTD selection, at least when the number of trials is reasonably large.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables
Additional file 3 of High-efficiency procedure to characterize, segment, and quantify complex multicellularity in raw micrographs in plants
Creators: name: Zhang, Xi
name: Hu, Zijian
name: Guo, Yayu
name: Shan, Xiaoyi
name: Li, Xiaojuan
name: Lin, Jinxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Centroids, polygon creation, establishment of a Voronoï diagram, and object/cluster identification of cells in a transverse section of a Populus trichocarpa stem.
title: The Safety of Government Debt
Creators: name: Anand, Kartik
name: Gai, Prasanna
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: We examine the safety of government bonds in the presence of Knightian uncertainty amongst financial market participants. In our model, the information insensitivity of government bonds is driven by strategic complementarities across counterparties and the structure of trading relationships. We identify the frontier between safe and unsafe assets and show how the growth rate of the economy and its fiscal capacity interact with the degree of ambiguity amongst investors to determine the safe-asset equilibrium. We use our framework to illustrate a fiscal variation on the Triffin dilemma, in which the role of a country as sole provider of international liquidity is questioned as its size in the world economy -  and hence its fiscal capacity - diminishes.
description: Les auteurs examinent la sécurité des obligations d’État en situation d’incertitude knightienne sur les marchés financiers. Dans leur modèle, l’insensibilité des obligations d’État à l’information dépend des complémentarités stratégiques entre les contreparties et de la structure des rapports de négociation. Les auteurs établissent la frontière qui sépare les actifs sûrs des actifs risqués et montrent comment l’interaction entre, d’une part, le taux de croissance de l’économie et la capacité budgétaire de l’État et, d’autre part, le degré d’ambiguïté du comportement des investisseurs détermine l’équilibre entre l’offre et la demande d’actifs sûrs. Anand et Gai se servent de leur cadre conceptuel pour illustrer une variante du dilemme de Triffin dans laquelle le rôle d’un pays en tant que seul fournisseur de liquidité internationale est remis en cause du fait que son poids dans l’économie mondiale - et donc sa capacité budgétaire - diminue.
Diffusion of small light particles in a solvent of large massive molecules
Creators: name: Murarka, Rajesh K.
name: Bhattacharyya, Sarika
name: Bagchi, Biman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study diffusion of small light particles in a solvent which consists of large heavy particles. The intermolecular interactions are chosen to approximately mimic a water-sucrose (or water-polysaccharide) mixture. Both computer simulation and mode coupling theoretical (MCT) calculations have been performed for a solvent-to-solute size ratio five and for a large variation of the mass ratio, keeping the mass of the solute fixed. Even in the limit of large mass ratio the solute motion is found to remain surprisingly coupled to the solvent dynamics. Interestingly, at intermediate values of the mass ratio, the self-intermediate scattering function of the solute, F_{s}(k,t) (where k is the wavenumber and t the time), develops a stretching at long time which could be fitted to a stretched exponential function with a k-dependent exponent, β. For very large mass ratio, we find the existence of two stretched exponentials separated by a power law type plateau. The analysis of the trajectory shows the coexistence of both hopping and continuous motions for both the solute and the solvent particles. It is found that for mass ratio five, the MCT calculations of the self-diffusion underestimates the simulated value by about 20 %, which appears to be reasonable because the conventional form of MCT does not include the hopping mode. However, for larger mass ratio, MCT appears to breakdown more severely. The breakdown of the MCT for large mass ratio can be connected to a similar breakdown near the glass transition.
description: RevTex4, 9 pages, 10 figures
title: The Common Component of CPI: An Alternative Measure of Underlying Inflation for Canada
Creators: name: Khan, Mikael
name: Morel, Louis
name: Sabourin, Patrick
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: In this paper, the authors propose a measure of underlying inflation for Canada obtained from estimating a monthly factor model on individual components of the CPI. This measure, labelled the common component of CPI, has intuitive appeal and a number of interesting features. In particular, it is not affected by sector-specific price movements that can distort the signal in many other measures of underlying inflation, and appears to capture price movements that are indicative of aggregate demand fluctuations in the Canadian economy. This indicator may serve as a useful complement to existing measures of underlying inflation monitored by the Bank of Canada.
description: Les auteurs proposent une mesure de l’inflation sous-jacente au Canada qu’ils obtiennent en estimant, à partir de données mensuelles, un modèle factoriel des variations des composantes individuelles de l’indice des prix à la consommation (IPC). La mesure, dénommée composante commune de l’IPC, présente un attrait intuitif et un certain nombre de caractéristiques intéressantes. En effet, elle n’est pas influencée par les mouvements sectoriels de prix qui peuvent brouiller le signal envoyé par un bon nombre d’autres mesures de l’inflation sous-jacente, et elle semble capter les mouvements de prix associés aux fluctuations de la demande globale dans l’économie canadienne. Cet indicateur pourrait être un complément utile des mesures de l’inflation sous-jacente qui font l’objet d’un suivi régulier de la part de la Banque du Canada.
Beyond Materiality, Towards Craftsmanship
Creators: name: Van Berkel, Ben
name: Loozekoot, Gerard
name: Lodi, Filippo
name: Akolly, Sitou
name: Ariffin, Atira
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: This paper describes the design process UNStudio undertook in the redevelopment of the C&A Building on 18 Septemberplein in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The design brief primarily called for the rebranding of the building while maintaining the building’s façade historic value and aesthetic. Secondarily, the design is meant to activate the urban context where the building is located without competing with the neighboring landmarks. UNStudio saw an opportunity to rethink the transparent layer – the glass window – of the building as a tool to enhance its identity minimizing the aesthetic impact on its historic facade. This case study outlines opportunities to innovate while designing with glass through two often polarized perspectives: contemporary architecture and historic preservation. Architects constantly negotiate the value of private versus public space, transparency versus opacity, and building energy performance in our built environment through the use of glass. Emerging integrated technologies such as LED, photovoltaic, lamination, and touch sensitive layer are enabling new ways of rethinking the roles and applications of glass: as an architectural element, an information layering surface, and an agent for light and transparency. New opportunities are thus arising for glass in digital media facades and parametric façade design. On the other hand, architects’ role in historic preservation requires a diligent approach to glass application due to the constraints of local zoning and aesthetic regulations (governed in the Netherlands by the Welstandscommissie) that seek to protect certain historic values in existing buildings. The objective of this paper is to apply UNStudio’s design thinking sensibilities towards – and understanding of – glass as a system, to contemporary themes of community, social branding, and the environmental impact of architects’ interventions on the built environment.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
Numerical and Experimental Investigations on the Inherent Stress State of Cold-bent Glass
Creators: name: Laurs, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: In today’s architecture the bending of glass plays an important role in achieving free forms in modern façades. In addition to the usual procedure of hot bending glass sheets into the desired shape, the option of cold bending is being used more and more frequently. In this process a glass pane is bent into the desired shape and fastened to a substructure without prior heating and at low cost. This inherent bending state comes along with different beneficial but also with some unfavourable perks that have to be considered in the engineering process. The resulting influences on the strength of the glass and stiffness of the overall system are investigated in a German research project. In large-scale tests, special attention is paid to the established shape of the pane during the bending process and the resulting load on the steel substructure.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
THE BRAZILIAN PENITENTIARY SYSTEM AND THE PARANAENSE EXAMPLE IN THE RECENTMENT OF THE INTENT
Creators: name: JUCELAINE GERMANO DE MATTOS STADLER
name: FABIANA BAPTISTA SILVA CARICATI
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O avanço da violência e, consequentemente, da criminalidade no país, fez com que nas últimas décadas a população carcerária aumentasse de modo alarmante, colocando o Brasil em 3º lugar no ranking de países com a maior população carcerária, perdendo somente para os Estado Unidos e China. Este crescimento exponencial, agregado à séria defasagem estrutural, gerou a superlotação em penitenciárias, centros de triagens e delegacias, fator agravado pela ausência de políticas públicas que assegurem ao apenado a garantia de seus direitos naturais, como à vida, saúde, educação, acesso à justiça e ressocialização, direitos esses que além de previstos na Carta Magna, também estão assegurados na Lei de Execução Penal. Na contramão desta realidade, o sistema penitenciário paranaense, desde 2017, adotou uma postura administrativa eficiente e humana, a qual tem permitido que detentos sejam submetidos a reabilitação adequada para sua reinserção na sociedade, evitando que retornem à criminalidade.
Thin glass as a tool for architectural design
Creators: name: Neugebauer, Jürgen
name: Kasumovic, Irma
name: Blazevic, Ivo
name: Auer, Nicolas
name: Rath, Christiana
name: Baumhackl, Katharina
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: Glass with a thickness of less than 2.0 mm can be defined as a thin glass or with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm even as ultra-light. Thin glass requires for curved surfaces in order to gain structural stiffness in static use. The geometry is based on the known theory of developable surfaces. Such FaÃ§ades may therefore be created from cold bent or curved laminated thin glass layers. In the past semester a seminar with architectural students were held and three projects of this seminar are worth to be presented to the public for demonstration of possibilities for use of thin glass. The definition of a seminar project for students was a connection of a big housing area with the nearby stop of the local tram which is separated by a railway line. Two possibilities for the pedestrian are given to pass the railroad. The first one is a passage underground below the railroad and the second one is a bridge above the railway line. This paper contents a study of architectural design made by students. Two projects which will be presented in this paper focuses on the design of the entrance building of a passage underground and the third project is a design of a pedestrian bridge above the railroad. Beside the architectural design a structural analysis was done to support the design process such as with ranges of possible bending radii for the curved thin glass elements and to guarantee the feasibility of the design
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
Trading off Use Restrictions and Benefit-Sharing for Genetic Materials for Food and Agriculture with an Emphasis on Upfront Payments
Creators: name: Seyoum, Aseffa
name: Welch, Eric W.
name: Seyoum, Aseffa
name: Welch, Eric W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Upfront payment
subject: benefit sharing
subject: genetic resource
subject: material exchange
subject: use restriction

description: This study investigates the tradeoffs that providers of genetic resources make between constructing a benefits arrangement and establishing use restrictions. The analysis makes use of project level data collected from university and government researchers in the US. Results show that when transfers require upfront payments recipients are not expected to contribute long-term monetary or non-monetary benefits, and nor are there restrictions on the transferred material. When providers seek information from project results they tend not to request upfront payments for providing genetic materials. Researchers tend to acquire genetic material at cost plus an additional fee when it comes from foreign counties and companies. The paper concludes by highlighting the roles that upfront payments and reduced restriction can play to improve exchange and utilization of genetic materials for public research.
Beyond Lyman-alpha: Constraints and Consistency Tests from the Lyman-beta Forest
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Mark
name: Lidz, Adam
name: Hui, Lam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absorption between the rest-frame wavelengths of 973 and 1026 Angstroms in quasar spectra arises from two sources (apart from occasional metals): one is due to Lyman-alpha (Lya) absorption by materials at a low redshift, and the other from Lyman-beta (Lyb) at a higher redshift. These two sources of absorption are to a good approximation uncorrelated because of their wide physical separation. Therefore, the two-point correlation of absorption in this region of quasar spectra neatly factorizes into two pieces: the Lyb correlation at high z, and the Lya correlation at low z. The latter can be independently measured from quasar spectra at lower redshifts using current techniques. A simple division then offers a way to statistically separate out the Lyb two-point correlation from the Lya correlation. Several applications of this technique are discussed. First, since the Lyb absorption cross-section is lower than Lya by about a factor of 5, the Lyb forest is a better probe of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at higher redshifts where Lya absorption is often saturated. Second, for the same reason, the Lyb forest allows a better measurement of the equation of state of the IGM at higher overdensities, yielding stronger constraints on its slope when used in conjunction with the Lya forest. Third, models of the Lya forest based on gravitational instability make unique predictions for the Lyb forest, which can be tested against observations. We briefly point out that feedback processes that affect higher density regions but leave low density structure intact may be better constrained by the Lyb forest.
description: ApJ accepted version, minor changes, April 10 2004 issue, 7 pages
Double-Well Potentials in Current Qubits
Creators: name: Kim, Mun Dae
name: Shin, Dongkwan
name: Hong, Jongbae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective potentials of the rf-SQUID and three-Josephson junction loop with a penetrating external magnetic flux are studied. Using the periodic boundary condition for the phase evolution of the wave function of Cooper pairs, we obtain new periodic potentials with cusp barriers in contrast with the usual smooth double-well potential. The tunneling through the cusp barrier becomes dominant for a parameter regime where the self inductance of the superconducting loop and the Josephson coupling energy are large. Calculating the tunneling frequency we see that the cusp potential may offer a more efficient qubit.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Logarithmic corrections to the Bekenstein_Hawking entropy for five-dimensional black holes and de Sitter spaces
Creators: name: Myung, Y. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula for the five-dimensional topological AdS (TAdS)-black holes and topological de Sitter (TdS) spaces due to thermal fluctuations. We can derive all thermal properties of the TdS spaces from those of the TAdS black holes by replacing $k$ by $-k$. Also we obtain the same correction to the Cardy-Verlinde formula for TAdS and TdS cases including the cosmological horizon of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) black hole. Finally we discuss the AdS/CFT and dS/CFT correspondences and their dynamic correspondences.
description: 9 pages, version to appear in PLB
title: Public/Private Transitions and Firm Financing
Creators: name: Huynh, Kim
name: Paligorova, Teodora
name: Petrunia, Robert
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: A large body of empirical literature investigates differences in financing structures across firms. Private firms’ financing receives little attention due to the lack of data. Using administrative confidential data on the universe of Canadian corporate firms, we compare financing relationships for private and public firms. Leverage ratios are lower for public firms and the difference is almost entirely driven by private firms’ stronger reliance on short-term debt. We also find that private and public firms’ debt financing responds differently to industry shocks. In periods of positive industry shocks, private firms rely more on long-term debt than public firms, while the former use more short-term debt when industry conditions deteriorate.
description: De nombreux travaux empiriques ont été consacrés aux différences entre les structures de financement des entreprises, mais, faute de données suffisantes, le financement des sociétés privées (c’est-à-dire non cotées en bourse) a été peu étudié. Les auteurs s’appuient sur des données administratives confidentielles pour comparer les relations entre les déterminants du financement dans les sociétés privées et les sociétés cotées. Le ratio de levier financier est plus faible dans les sociétés cotées, et cette caractéristique s’explique presque uniquement par le fait que les sociétés privées recourent davantage à l’emprunt à court terme que les sociétés cotées. Les auteurs constatent par ailleurs que les chocs sectoriels ont des effets contrastés sur les moyens de financement utilisés par chaque catégorie de sociétés. Chez les sociétés privées, l’emprunt à long terme est plus fréquent en période de croissance sectorielle que chez les sociétés cotées; par contre, l’emprunt à court terme redevient plus fréquent quand la conjoncture se dégrade.
Discovery of Bright Variable X-ray Sources in NGC 1569 with Chandra
Creators: name: Heike, K.
name: Awaki, H.
name: Misao, Y.
name: Hayashida, K.
name: Weaver, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the analysis of a ~100 ks Chandra observation of the dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 1569, we have found that the X-ray point sources, CXOU 043048.1+645050 and CXOU 043048.6+645058, showed significant time variability. During this observation, the X-ray flux of CXOU 043048.1+645050 increased by 10 times in only 2 x 10^4 s. Since the spectrum in its bright phase was fitted with a disk blackbody model with kT_in ~0.43 keV and the bolometric luminosity is L_bol ~10^38 ergs s^-1, this source is an X-ray binary with a stellar mass black-hole. Since the spectrum in its faint phase was also fitted with a disk blackbody model, the time variability can be explained by a change of the accretion rate onto the black hole. The other variable source, CXOU 043048.6+645058, had a flat spectrum with a photon index of ~1.6. This source may be an X-ray binary with an X-ray luminosity of several x 10^37 ergs s^-1. In addition, three other weak sources showed possible time variability. Taking all of the variability into account may suggest an abundant population of compact X-ray sources in NGC 1569.
description: 15 pages including 4 Postscript figures; accepted for publication in ApJL
THE USE OF DRONES IN PRESERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESERVES
Creators: name: MARIA GABRIELA VAZ OLIVEIRA
name: CAIO AUGUSTO SOUZA LARA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O direito ambiental é entendido como um sistema jurídico de normas que visam a proteção do meio ambiente. Nesse cenário, a otimização dos direitos ambientais passa a ser a grande preocupação debatida no final século XX até os tempos atuais. Com a realização da declaração de Estocolmo (1972), são estabelecidos critérios e princípios que norteiam os países, visando incentivar a preservação do meio ambiente. No Brasil, o direito ambiental só foi tratado na constituição de 1988, presente no capitulo VI, artigo 225, com a seguinte literalidade: “Todos têm direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, bem de uso comum do povo e essencial à sadia qualidade de vida, impondo-se ao Poder Público e à coletividade o dever de defendê-lo e preservá-lo para as presentes e futuras gerações” (BRASIL, 1988). [...]
title: Measuring Uncertainty in Monetary Policy Using Implied Volatility and Realized Volatility
Creators: name: Chang, Bo Young
name: Feunou, Bruno
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: We measure uncertainty surrounding the central bank’s future policy rates using implied volatility computed from interest rate option prices and realized volatility computed from intraday prices of interest rate futures. Both volatility measures show that uncertainty decreased following the most important policy actions taken by the Bank of Canada as a response to the financial crisis of 2007-08, such as the conditional commitment of 2009-10, the unscheduled cut in the target rate coordinated with other major central banks, and the introduction of term purchase and resale agreements. We also find that, on average, uncertainty decreases following the Bank of Canada’s policy rate announcements. Furthermore, our measures of policy rate uncertainty improve the estimation of policy rate expectations from overnight index swap (OIS) rates by predicting the risk premium in the OIS market.
description: Dans cette étude, les auteurs mesurent l’incertitude entourant l’évolution future du taux directeur en s’appuyant à la fois sur la volatilité implicite, calculée à partir des prix des options sur taux d’intérêt, et sur la volatilité réalisée, établie en fonction des prix intrajournaliers des contrats à terme sur taux d’intérêt. Ces deux indicateurs de la volatilité mettent en évidence des diminutions de l’incertitude, consécutives aux mesures de politique monétaire les plus importantes que la Banque du Canada a prises pour contrer la crise financière de 2007-2008, notamment l’annonce de son engagement conditionnel pour la période 2009-2010, la réduction du taux cible décidée « hors calendrier » et mise en oeuvre en concertation avec d’autres grandes banques centrales, et l’introduction d’un mécanisme de prise en pension à plus d’un jour. Les auteurs notent aussi qu’en règle générale, les annonces de la Banque concernant le taux directeur sont suivies d’une baisse de l’incertitude. En outre, ils constatent que, parce qu’elle est révélatrice de la prime de risque future sur le marché des swaps indexés sur le taux à un jour, leur mesure de l’incertitude entourant le taux directeur améliore l’estimation des attentes à l’égard du taux fondée sur les taux des swaps indexés.
Numerical simulation evidence of dynamical transverse Meissner effect and moving Bose glass phase
Creators: name: Olive, E.
name: Soret, J. C.
name: Doussal, P. Le
name: Giamarchi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 3D numerical simulation results of moving vortex lattices in presence of 1D correlated disorder at zero temperature. Our results with field tilting confirm the theoritical predictions of a moving Bose glass phase, characterized by transverse pinning and dynamical transverse Meissner effect, the moving flux lines being localized along the correlated disorder direction. Beyond a critical transverse field, vortex lines exhibit along all their length a "kink" structure resulting from an effective static "tin roof" pinning potential in the transverse direction.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Some Economics of Private Digital Currency
Creators: name: Gans, Joshua S.
name: Halaburda, Hanna
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: This paper reviews some recent developments in digital currency, focusing on platform-sponsored currencies such as Facebook Credits. In a model of platform management, we find that it will not likely be profitable for such currencies to expand to become fully convertible competitors to state-sponsored currencies.
description: Les auteurs examinent les récentes évolutions qu’ont connues certaines monnaies numériques, en s’intéressant en particulier aux monnaies exclusives à une plateforme, comme les crédits Facebook. À l’aide d’un modèle formalisant la gestion d’une plateforme, ils concluent qu’il ne sera sans doute pas rentable pour leurs promoteurs que de telles monnaies se développent au point de concurrencer les monnaies émises par les États en devenant pleinement convertibles.
A Pulse Shaping Algorithm of a Coherent Matter Wave. Controlling Reaction Dynamics
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Solvejg
name: Kosloff, Ronnie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A pulse shaping algorithm for a matter wave with the purpose of controlling a binary reaction has been designed. The scheme is illustrated for an Eley-Rideal reaction where an impinging matter-wave atom recombines with an adsorbed atom on a metal surface. The wave function of the impinging atom is shaped such that the desorbing molecule leaves the surface in a specific vibrational state.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Innovations and Knowledge Transfer for the Food Supply Chain Sustainability: Challenges in the Czech Dairy Industry
Creators: name: Ratinger, Tomas
name: Bošková, Iveta
name: Ratinger, Tomas
name: Bošková, Iveta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Sectoral system of innovation
subject: absorption capacity
subject: dairy processing industry

description: A mobilisation of research, knowledge transfer and innovation to deal with the current challenges as raising world food demand while protecting natural resources is a priority area of the EU. The effective knowledge transfer and innovation activities in the agri-food supply chain may push all producers in the vertical to improve their competitiveness while saving resources. In the paper we examine the current level of innovation activities and knowledge transfer in milk processing industry in the Czech Republic, with a particular focus on the collaboration of firms with R&D organisations and other important agents, in order to assess the potential for enhancing sustainable dairy production. Most of the interviewed milk processors confirmed that sustainability objective did not rank high within firms’ strategies while it showed a great potential for innovations. It is apparent from the conducted interviews with stakeholders as well as from the statistics that the level of cooperation for innovations is rather low among the Czech food and particularly dairy processors. The low cooperation level concerns not only research institution but also other agents including farmers. This is in contrast to considering cost as a hurdle for innovations. The lack of cooperation among producers can partly be accounted to property rights protection and the need to get advantage over the competition. The interviews and the statistics showed that companies with in-house R&D staff have higher absorption capacity and thus requirements concerning cooperation with research institutions and that these firms are not satisfied with what is offered in the country and seek support abroad. The current support programme increased the sector innovation activity, but at the same time used-up limited capacities of the national research base. Continuation of the support in the current way seems unsustainable.
Soil moisture estimation under vegetation from PALSAR FBD data by means of polarimetric decomposition techniques
Creators: name: Koyama, Christian N.
name: Fiener, Peter
name: Schneider, Karl
Publisher: name: Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other
subject: None
subject: ALOS
subject: PALSAR
subject: Polarimetry
subject: Soil Moisture
subject: Vegetation
subject: Surface Roughness

description: The disturbing effects caused by vegetation and surface roughness are major impediments to accurate quantitative retrievals of soil moisture from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). With most of the operational spaceborne systems it is not possible to separate the different scattering contributions of the soil and vegetation components. In this study we use the coherent-on-receive dual-pol standard acquisitions (FBD343) of Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) aboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS 'Daichi') acquired over an arable land test site in Western Germany. By applying a PolSAR decomposition technique, namely the H/A/Alpha decomposition, we exploit the phase information to increase the amount of observables. The potential to derive information on biomass and surface roughness from the dual-pol data is investigated based on correlation analyses between PALSAR observables and in-situ measurements. High sensitivities towards surface roughness and crop biomass could be ascertained. Using these findings, we estimate surface roughness ks and sugar beet total wet weight with RMS errors of 0.11 and 2.66 kg/m?, respectively. The good quality of the estimates allows correcting the backscattering coefficients for the surface roughness and vegetation effects. The accuracy of soil moisture retrievals could be increased from 4.5 to 3.6 Vol.-% using the roughness correction for bare soil and from > 10.0 to 3.6 Vol.-% using the biomass correction for sugar beet. The results give a promising outlook in terms of the possibility to develop an operational soil moisture retrieval model for PALSAR data collected in the Fine Beam Dual Polarization (FBD) mode.
description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 63-70