Pentaloculum grahami Bueno &amp; Caira 2023, n. sp.
Creators: name: Bueno, Veronica M.
name: Caira, Janine N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Cestoda
Phyllobothriidea
Phyllobothriidae
Pentaloculum
Pentaloculum grahami

description: <i>Pentaloculum grahami</i> n. sp. (Figs. 3A–E, 4A–H, 5) ZooBank No. B8C37A6D-016A-4D85-A132-C6E7E1063BC3 <b>Type and only known host:</b> <i>Parascyllium collare</i> Ramsay and Ogilby, collared carpetshark; (Orectolobiformes: Parascylliidae Gill). <b>Type locality:</b> Crowdy Head, New South Wales, Australia (31°50’S, 152°45’E). <b>Site of infection:</b> Spiral intestine. <b>Type specimens:</b> Holotype (QM No. G240343) and two paratypes (QM Nos. G240344 – G240345); two paratypes and one SEM voucher (LRP Nos. 10947 – 10949); two paratypes (USNM Nos. 1678892 – 1678893). Scoleces prepared for SEM retained with JNC at the University of Connecticut. <b>Sequence data:</b> KF685749 and MK321595 (hologenophores, LRP No. 8344 [KJG-17, TE-166] and LRP No. 9956 [KJG-17, JW-147]). <b>Etymology:</b> This name honors fish biologist Ken Graham from the New South Wales State Fisheries and the Australian Museum who collected all specimens of <i>Parascyillium collare</i> examined in this study. <b>Provisional names:</b> New genus 1 n. sp. of Caira <i>et al.</i> 2001; New genus 7 n. sp. 1 of Caira <i>et al.</i> 2014 and Ruhnke <i>et al.</i> 2015; <i>Pentaloculum</i> n. sp. 2 of Eudy <i>et al.</i> 2019. <b>Description.</b> Based on one incomplete mature and six complete mature worms, and two scoleces observed with SEM. Worms apolytic, 12.1–51.6 (28.9 ± 15.7; 6) mm long, greatest width at level of terminal proglottid; 105–174 (131 ± 29; 6) proglottids per worm. Scolex 358–460 (406 ± 38.6; 7) long by 433–593 (516.9 ± 68.9; 7) wide, consisting of four muscular sessile bothridia. Bothridia broadly ovoid, 276–405 (348.5 ± 41.3; 6; 10) long by 230– 311 (254.2 ± 23.4; 5; 9) wide; each divided into five facial loculi arranged as one single anterior loculus followed by two consecutive pairs of loculi; septum dividing anterior pair of loculi slightly offset laterally from septum diving posterior pair of loculi (Figs. 3A, 4A). Cephalic peduncle lacking. Apex of scolex (Fig. 4C) covered with gladiate spinitriches and densely packed capilliform filitriches; distal bothridial surfaces (Fig. 4B) and proximal surfaces of margins of bothridia (Fig. 4E <i>–</i> G) densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches; proximal surfaces away from bothridial margins (Fig. 4H) densely covered with short-tipped wide aristate gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed; scolex proper (Fig. 4D) densely covered with gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches. Proglottids craspedote. Immature proglottids 98–151 (127 ± 23.4; 6) in number, wider than long. Mature proglottids 2–11 (5.8 ± 3.8; 6) in number, wider than long (Fig. 3B), 330–830 (606.1 ± 220.6; 6; 10) long by 962– 1402 (1229 ± 150.9; 6; 10) wide, length:width ratio 0.3–0.9 (0.5 ± 0.2; 6; 10):1. Gravid proglottids 1–12 (5.2 ± 3.9; 6) in number, wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity (Fig. 3D), 954–4881 (3056.6 ± 1554.1; 6) long by 988–2512 (1407.8 ± 581; 6) wide. Genital pores marginal, irregularly alternating, 42–57% (52 ± 6; 5) of proglottid length from posterior margin in terminal-most mature proglottid.Testes30–58 (44.3± 10.5;5;6)in number, two layers deep, arranged in single field anterior to cirrus sac, oval in frontal view, 28–57 long (42.3 ± 9.7; 4; 12) by 74–123 (98 ± 15.6; 4; 12) wide. Vas deferens narrow, highly coiled, extending posteriorly to near level of ovary then anteriorly to enter cirrus sac at median margin. Cirrus sac (Fig. 3C) thin-walled, narrowly obovoid, containing coiled cirrus, 149–218 (181.1 ± 21.9; 5; 9) long by 333–629 (434.2 ± 86.8; 5; 9) wide; cirrus highly expanded at base, armed with small spinitriches. Vagina thick-walled, weakly sinuous, extending from ootype along medial line of proglottid to level of cirrus sac, then crossing cirrus sac ventrally and extending along anterior margin of cirrus sac to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus; vaginal sphincter lacking; seminal receptacle lacking. Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, with slightly lobulated margins, H-shaped in frontal view, bilobed in cross-section, 446–537 (501.9 ± 29.8; 5; 9) at widest point by 78–237 (155.5 ± 52.4; 5; 18) long. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus. Vitellarium follicular; follicles in two lateral bands; each band consisting of multiple columns of follicles, extending throughout length of proglottid, not interrupted by cirrus sac or ovary, converging posterior to ovary; vitelline follicles oval, 22–38 (29.6 ± 5.7; 5; 15) long by 28–52 (38.7 ± 8.1; 5; 15) wide. Uterus medial, saccate, ventral to vagina, extending anteriorly from ovarian isthmus to mid-level of testicular field. Excretory vessels four, arranged in one dorsal and one ventral pair on each lateral margin of proglottid. Oncospheres organized in cocoons (Fig. 5A–B). Cocoons spherical, containing 5–7 (6.1 ± 0.6; 1; 10) oncospheres, polar filaments lacking; oncospheres spherical, 50–81 (69.7 ± 5; 1; 10) long by 63–79 (71.6 ± 4.1; 1; 57) wide. <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Pentaloculum grahami</i> <b>n. sp.</b> differs from <i>P. macrocephalum</i> and <i>P. hoi</i> in total worm length (12.08 – 51.62 vs. 8 and 1.7–3.5 mm, respectively) and total number of proglottids (105–174 vs. 23 and 16–26, respectively). It can be further distinguished from <i>P. macrocephalum</i> and <i>P. hoi</i> in that its mature proglottids are wider than long, as opposed to longer than wide, and in that the ovary is H-shaped rather than inverted A-shaped. It further differs from <i>P</i>. <i>hoi</i> in that its cocoons lack, rather than possess, bipolar filaments. It is of note that Hayden and Campbell (1981) described <i>Zyxibothrium kamienae</i> as possessing eggs that were contained in a membranous intrauterine tube, rather than arranged in cocoons.
description: Published as part of <i>Bueno, Veronica M. &amp; Caira, Janine N., 2023, Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of " tetraphyllidean " tapeworms from elasmobranchs, pp. 30-50 in Zootaxa 5254 (1)</i> on pages 35-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5254.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7710794
description: {"references": ["Caira, J. N., Jensen, K. &amp; Healy, C. J. (2001) Interrelationships among tetraphyllidean and lecanicephalidean cestodes. In: Littlewood, D. T. J. &amp; Bray, R. A. (Eds.), Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, pp. 135 - 158.", "Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Waeschenbach, A., Olson, P. D. &amp; Littlewood, D. T. J. (2014) Orders out of chaos - molecular phylogenetics reveals the complexity of shark and stingray tapeworm relationships. International Journal for Parasitology, 44, 55 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijpara. 2013.10.004", "Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904, 51 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3904.1.3", "Eudy, E., Caira, J. N. &amp; Jensen, K. (2019) A new species of Pentaloculum (Cestoda: \" Tetraphyllidea \") from the Taiwan Saddled carpetshark, Cirrhoscyllium formosanu m (Orectolobiformes: Parascylliidae). Journal of Parasitolog y, 105, 303 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 18 - 132", "Hayden, B. P. &amp; Campbell, R. A. (1981) Zyxibothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae), a new genus of cestodes from skates, with suggestions for diagnoses, classification, and revision of the Rhinebothriinae Euzet, 1953. Journal of Parasitology, 67, 262 - 267. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3280647"]}