cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Model Specialization Framework for Training and Inference using Submodels and its Application to Speech Model Personalization
Creators: name: Biadsy, Fadi
name: Chen, Youzheng
name: Zhang, Xia
name: Rybakov, Oleg
name: Rosenberg, Andrew
name: Moreno, Pedro J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Model fine-tuning and adaptation have become a common approach for model specialization for downstream tasks or domains. Fine-tuning the entire model or a subset of the parameters using light-weight adaptation has shown considerable success across different specialization tasks. Fine-tuning a model for a large number of domains typically requires starting a new training job for every domain posing scaling limitations. Once these models are trained, deploying them also poses significant scalability challenges for inference for real-time applications. In this paper, building upon prior light-weight adaptation techniques, we propose a modular framework that enables us to substantially improve scalability for model training and inference. We introduce Submodels that can be quickly and dynamically loaded for on-the-fly inference. We also propose multiple approaches for training those Submodels in parallel using an embedding space in the same training job. We test our framework on an extreme use-case which is speech model personalization for atypical speech, requiring a Submodel for each user. We obtain 128x Submodel throughput with a fixed computation budget without a loss of accuracy. We also show that learning a speaker-embedding space can scale further and reduce the amount of personalization training data required per speaker.
description: Submitted to INTERSPEECH
Simulating toponium formation signals at the LHC
Creators: name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Hagiwara, Kaoru
name: Ma, Kai
name: Zheng, Ya-Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to simulate toponium formation events at the LHC using the Green's function of non-relativistic QCD in the Coulomb gauge, which governs the momentum distribution of top quarks in the presence of the QCD potential. This Green's function can be employed to re-weight any matrix elements relevant for $t\bar{t}$ production and decay processes where a colour-singlet top-antitop pair is produced in the $S$-wave at threshold. As an example, we study the formation of $η_t$ toponium states in the gluon fusion channel at the LHC, combining the re-weighted matrix elements with parton showering.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, related code available from https://github.com/BFuks/toponium; version accepted by EPJC
Additional file 1 of Changes in CSF sPDGFRβ level and their association with blood–brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer’s disease with or without small cerebrovascular lesions
Creators: name: Lv, Xinyi
name: Zhang, Mengguo
name: Cheng, Zhaozhao
name: Wang, Qiong
name: Wang, Peng
name: Xie, Qiang
name: Ni, Ming
name: Shen, Yong
name: Tang, Qiqiang
name: Gao, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Study flowchart. Figure S2. The potential effects of age, sex and APOE genotype on CSF sPDGFRβ levels.
Controlling dynamics of a COVID--19 mathematical model using a parameter switching algorithm
Creators: name: Danca, Marius-F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper the dynamics of an autonomous mathematical models of COVID-19 depending on a real parameter bifurcation, is controlled by switching periodically the parameter value. For this purpose the Parameter Switching (PS) algorithm is used. With this technique, it is proved that every attractor of the considered system can be numerically approximated and, therefore, the system can be determined to evolve along, e.g., a stable periodic motion or a chaotic attractor. In this way, the algorithm can be considered as a chaos control or anticontrol (chaoticization)-like algorithm. Contrarily to existing chaos control techniques which generate modified attractors, the obtained attractors with the PS algorithm belong to the set system attractors. It is analytically shown that using the PS algorithm, every system attractor can be expressed as a convex combination of some existing attractors. Moreover, is proved that the PS algorithm can be viewed as a generalization of Parrondo\textsc{\char13}s paradox.
description: submitted
GrowliFlower: An image time series dataset for GROWth analysis of cauLIFLOWER
Creators: name: Kierdorf, Jana
name: Junker-Frohn, Laura Verena
name: Delaney, Mike
name: Olave, Mariele Donoso
name: Burkart, Andreas
name: Jaenicke, Hannah
name: Muller, Onno
name: Rascher, Uwe
name: Roscher, Ribana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article presents GrowliFlower, a georeferenced, image-based UAV time series dataset of two monitored cauliflower fields of size 0.39 and 0.60 ha acquired in 2020 and 2021. The dataset contains RGB and multispectral orthophotos from which about 14,000 individual plant coordinates are derived and provided. The coordinates enable the dataset users the extraction of complete and incomplete time series of image patches showing individual plants. The dataset contains collected phenotypic traits of 740 plants, including the developmental stage as well as plant and cauliflower size. As the harvestable product is completely covered by leaves, plant IDs and coordinates are provided to extract image pairs of plants pre and post defoliation, to facilitate estimations of cauliflower head size. Moreover, the dataset contains pixel-accurate leaf and plant instance segmentations, as well as stem annotations to address tasks like classification, detection, segmentation, instance segmentation, and similar computer vision tasks. The dataset aims to foster the development and evaluation of machine learning approaches. It specifically focuses on the analysis of growth and development of cauliflower and the derivation of phenotypic traits to foster the development of automation in agriculture. Two baseline results of instance segmentation at plant and leaf level based on the labeled instance segmentation data are presented. The entire data set is publicly available.
description: 23 pages, 21 figures, 5 tables
Letter of Jean Cardinal Villot and Address of Terence Cardinal Cooke: on the occasion of a Symposium on Natural Family Planning, Ten Years of Progress, 1968-1978.
Creators: name: Villot, 1905-1979, Jean
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Cover title.
 Commemorating the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, 1968-1978.
 Cosponsored by the Committee for Pro-life Activities, NCCB and the Human Life and Natural Family Planning Foundation of America.
Analogue Black Holes in Reactive Molecules
Creators: name: Zhang, Ren
name: Lv, Chenwei
name: Zhou, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that reactive molecules with a unit probability of reaction naturally provide a simulator of some intriguing black hole physics. The unit reaction at the short distance acts as an event horizon and delivers a one-way traffic for matter waves passing through the potential barrier when two molecules interact by high partial-wave scatterings or dipole-dipole interactions. In particular, the scattering rate as a function of the incident energy exhibits a thermal-like distribution near the maximum of the interaction energy in the same manner as a scalar field scatters with the potential barrier outside the event horizon of a black hole. Such a thermal-like scattering can be extracted from the temperature-dependent two-body loss rate measured in experiments on KRb and other molecules.
description: 6+5 pages, 4+2 figures
Appendiceal mucocele : An unusual cause of low back pain
Creators: name: Zamani, Ouijdane
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Abscess
subject: Acute

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 52 years
description: Clinical History: A 52-year-old man was referred to the emergency department.His complaints were lower back pain radiating to Mc Burney's point with nausea.The symptoms started 7days prior.When palpating the lower right quadrant of the abdomen the patient felt pain, muscle... Final Diagnosis: appendiceal mucocele without individualization  of malignancy suspicious cells
Quantitative strain-field measurement of 1:1 B-site cation ordered domains and antiphase boundaries in Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 ceramics by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Creators: name: Tai, Cheuk. W.
name: Lereah, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative strain measurements of the 1:1 B-site cation ordered domains, antiphase boundaries and dislocations in a highly ordered Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 ceramic have been carried out by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and geometric phase analysis. A phase shift of PI between two adjacent ordered domains across an antiphase boundary are determined unambiguously. The maximum in-plane strain and lattice rotation induced by a dislocation are 9.5% and 5.4deg, respectively. In a defect-free antiphase boundary, the maximum in-plane strain and lattice rotation are 1.8% and 0.9deg, respectively. The strain mainly concentrates inside the antiphase boundary.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Polarization of Helium-3 nuclei
Creators: name: Axen, David Arnold
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An atomic beam type of apparatus designed to produce a polarized He³ beam with an intensity of approximately one microampere and 90% polarization is described. He³ is a monatomic gas consisting of atoms with zero electronic magnetic moment and nuclear spin of ½. As no initial molecular dissociation is required, an intense, supersonic neutral beam can be produced with a miniature Laval nozzle cooled to liquid He⁴ temperatures. The velocity distribution of the particles in the Laval beam and the trajectories of these particles in a radially symmetric hexapole magnet have been computed. Sufficient separation of the two beams, consisting of particles in the two possible nuclear spin states, is achieved with a magnet in which the diameter of the gap between the pole pieces increases from 3mms at the entrance to 6mm in 15 cms and is then constant for 35cms. After ionization the nuclear polarization of the singly ionized particles depends upon the magnetic field strength at the position of the ion. Theoretical calculations show that field strengths of 6000 gauss at both the ionizer and target (in reaction studies) are sufficient to give 90% nuclear polarization. For an input gas temperature and pressure of 2.2°K and 15 mm.Hg. the Laval nozzle (throat diameter, 0.2 mm) has been designed to produce a supersonic beam of Mach number 4 with an intensity of 6.5x10¹⁵ particles/sec at the magnet entrance. Assuming 40% transmission through the magnet (one half of the beam being removed by the polarization process) and an ionization efficiency of 0.25%, the resulting ion beam intensity is 6.5x10¹² ions per second or approximately one microampere. The low temperature atomic beam source has been tested at liquid nitrogen temperature with a He⁴ beam. The measured beam intensity of 9x10¹³ particles/cm²/sec at the magnet exit, 76 cms from the nozzle, agrees favourably with the calculated intensity of 1.2x10¹⁴ atoms/ cm² sec under these operating conditions. The measured field gradient of 70,000 gauss/cm. near the pole tips of the hexapole splitting magnet is more than required for separating the atoms in the two nuclear spin states. A pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance method for measuring the nuclear polarization of the neutral He^ beam prior to ionization is described. The angular distribution and polarization of the protons produced by the D(He³,p)He⁴ reaction with an incident, polarized He³ beam of 150 Kev bombarding energy has been calculated, This angular distribution is isotropic. In the plane of the reaction, the proton polarization, which may be measured by a second scattering experiment, is -2/3 the incident He³ polarization. The angular distribution and polarization of the protons from this reaction has been calculated for the case of polarized and unpolarized He³ beams incident on a polarized deuteron target.
Glittering Glasmas
Creators: name: Gelis, F.
name: Lappi, T.
name: McLerran, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the production of gluons from Glasma color flux tubes. We calculate the probability distribution of gluon multiplicities arising from the distribution of color electric and color magnetic flux tubes found in the Glasma. We show that the result corresponds to the negative binomial probability distribution observed in experiments. The parameter k that characterizes this distribution is proportional to the number of colors N_c^2-1 and to the number of flux tubes. For one gluon color and one flux tube, the multiplicity distribution is close to a Bose-Einstein distribution. We call this decay process "Glitter", a term that is explained below.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, uses elsarticle.cls V2: added references V3: typo corrections, published in Nucl. Phys. A
Gap probability for the hard edge Pearcey process
Creators: name: Dai, Dan
name: Xu, Shuai-Xia
name: Zhang, Lun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The hard edge Pearcey process is universal in random matrix theory and many other stochastic models. This paper deals with the gap probability for the thinned/unthinned hard edge Pearcey process over the interval $(0,s)$ by working on the relevant Fredholm determinants. We establish an integral representation of the gap probability via a Hamiltonian related a system of coupled differential equations. Together with some remarkable differential identities for the Hamiltonian, we derive the large gap asymptotics for the thinned case, up to and including the constant term. As an application, we also obtain the asymptotic statistical properties of the counting function for the hard edge Pearcey process.
description: 62 pages, 7 figures
Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and neutron-anti-neutron Oscillation from Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Mohapatra, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently proposed that the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe may have its origin in "post-sphaleron baryogenesis" (PSB). It is a TeV scale mechanism that is testable at the LHC and other low energy experiments. In this paper we present a theory of PSB within a quark-lepton unified scheme based on the gauge group $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times SU(4)_c$ that allows a direct connection between the baryon asymmetry and neutrino mass matrix. The flavor changing neutral current constraints on the model allow successful baryogenesis only for an inverted mass hierarchy for neutrinos, which can be tested in the proposed long base line neutrino experiments. The model also predicts observable neutron--antineutron oscillation accessible to the next generation of experiments as well as TeV scale colored scalars within reach of LHC.
description: 23 pages and seven figures; Fifure 4 replaced; references updated; typos corrected
Projeto que propõe mudanças no registro de preços requer atenção
Creators: name: Fortini, Cristiana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 180103 Administrative Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Discute-se a proposta de alteração legislativa no sistema de registro de preços. Para tanto, após considerações iniciais, será analisado o regramento atual e, enfim, a mudança sugerida. Toma-se por referência o PL 6.814 / 2017, que no Senado recebera o número 559/2013. Hoje, o artigo 15 da Lei 8.666 / 1993 prevê o Sistema de Registro de Preços (SRP) voltado para as compras públicas. Hoje, após período de discussão sobre o alcance do SRP, não mais se discute sua utilização para serviços comuns, em especial após o advento da Lei 10.502 / 2002 (artigo 11). As vantagens decorrentes da utilização do SRP são sempre decantadas pela doutrina e pelos órgãos de controle. Entre elas destacam-se a redução do número de licitações, uma vez que um só certame pode atender às demandas de mais de um órgão ou entidade; e a redução de estoque possibilitando-se a entrega/execução se e quando desejado pela administração pública. Também se possível apontar, como vantagem, uma eliminação de qualquer discussão fundada no princípio da confiança legítima sobre o direito à contratação. Isso porque, ainda que Lei 8.666 / 1993 não imponha expressamente o dever de contratar o vitorioso, e mesmo que a doutrina e jurisprudência não têm estendido com a força esperada o raciocínio que hoje protegido o aprovado em concurso público dentro do número de vagas, a homenagem ao princípio da boa fé e da confiança legítima favorece o vencedor, que poderá questionar a sua não contratação. No caso do Registro de Preços, o parágrafo 4o do artigo 15 da Lei 8.666 / 1993 afasta a postulação quanto à obrigatoriedade de contratação, facultando-se à administração a
The Stability of Transient Relationships
Creators: name: Hidd, Valentin Vergara
name: Lopez, Eduardo
name: Centellegher, Simone
name: Roberts, Sam
name: Lepri, Bruno
name: Dunbar, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to long-term relationships, far less is known about the temporal evolution of transient relationships, although these constitute a substantial fraction of people's communication networks. Previous literature suggests that ratings of relationship emotional intensity decay gradually until the relationship ends. Using mobile phone data from three countries (US, UK, and Italy), we demonstrate that the volume of communication between ego and its transient alters does not display such a systematic decay, instead showing a lack of any dominant trends. This means that the communication volume of egos to groups of similar transient alters is stable. We show that alters with longer lifetimes in ego's network receive more calls, with the lifetime of the relationship being predictable from call volume within the first few weeks of first contact. This is observed across all three countries, which include samples of egos at different life stages. The relation between early call volume and lifetime is consistent with the suggestion that individuals initially engage with a new alter so as to evaluate their potential as a tie in terms of homophily.
description: Published in Scientific Reports 13, 6120 (2023)
Sensitive gravity-gradiometry with atom interferometry: progress towards an improved determination of the gravitational constant
Creators: name: Sorrentino, F.
name: Cacciapuoti, L.
name: Lien, Y. -H.
name: Prevedelli, M.
name: Rosi, G.
name: Tino, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We here present a high sensitivity gravity-gradiometer based on atom interferometry. In our apparatus, two clouds of laser-cooled rubidium atoms are launched in fountain configuration and interrogated by a Raman interferometry sequence to probe the gradient of gravity field. We recently implemented a high-flux atomic source and a newly designed Raman lasers system in the instrument set-up. We discuss the applications towards a precise determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant G. The long-term stability of the instrument and the signal-to-noise ratio demonstrated here open interesting perspectives for pushing the measurement precision below the 100 ppm level.
Interstellar Extinction Law toward the Galactic Center III: J, H, Ks bands in the 2MASS and the MKO systems, and 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0 micron in the Spitzer/IRAC system
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Shogo
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Hatano, Hirofumi
name: Kato, Daisuke
name: Tanabe, Toshihiko
name: Sugitani, Koji
name: Nagata, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have determined interstellar extinction law toward the Galactic center (GC) at the wavelength from 1.2 to 8.0 micron, using point sources detected in the IRSF/SIRIUS near-infrared survey and those in the 2MASS and Spitzer/IRAC/GLIMPSE II catalogs. The central region |l| < 3deg and |b| < 1deg has been surveyed in the J, H and Ks bands with the IRSF telescope and the SIRIUS camera whose filters are similar to the Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO) near-infrared photometric system. Combined with the GLIMPSE II point source catalog, we made Ks versus (Ks - lambda) color-magnitude diagrams where lambda = 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 micron. The Ks magnitudes of bulge red clump stars and the (Ks - lambda) colors of red giant branches are used as a tracer of the reddening vector in the color-magnitude diagrams. From these magnitudes and colors, we have obtained the ratios of total to selective extinction A(Ks)/E(Ks-lambda) for the four IRAC bands. Combined with A(lambda)/A(Ks) for the J and H bands derived by Nishiyama et al., we obtain A(J):A(H):A(Ks):A([3.6]):A([4.5]):A([5.8]):A([8.0])=3.02:1.73:1:0.50:0.39:0.36:0.43 for the line of sight toward the GC. This confirms the flattening of the extinction curve at lambda > 3 micron from a simple extrapolation of the power-law extinction at shorter wavelengths, in accordance with recent studies. The extinction law in the 2MASS JHKs bands has also been calculated, and a good agreement with that in the MKO system is found. In nearby molecular clouds and diffuse interstellar medium, the lack of reliable measurements of the total to selective extinction ratios hampers unambiguous determination of the extinction law; however, observational results toward these lines of sight cannot be reconciled with a single extinction law.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Making Sense of a Health Threat: Illness Representations, Coping, and Psychological Distress among BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
Creators: name: Brand, Hannah
name: Speiser, Dorothee
name: Besch, Laura
name: Roseman, Julia
name: Kendel, Friederike
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: BRCA1/2 mutation
subject: genetic counseling
subject: coping
subject: illness representations
subject: psychological distress
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Little is known about how women with a BRCA1/2 mutation develop an individual understanding of their breast and ovarian cancer risk and how this affects their psychological distress. In this study, we investigated associations between illness representations, coping strategies and psychological distress. N = 101 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers answered self-report questionnaires on illness representations, coping strategies, cancer worry and depressive symptoms. Women without cancer were compared to women with a previous cancer diagnosis. Illness representations explained 50% and 45% of the variability in cancer worry and depressive symptoms, respectively. Woman perceiving severe consequences (β = 0.29, p < 0.01) and having more concerns (β = 0.37, p < 0.01) were found to report more cancer worry. Perceiving information about the mutation as less coherent (β = -0.17, p < 0.05) and experiencing negative emotional responses (β = 0.60, p < 0.01) were both associated with more depressive symptoms. Women with a previous cancer diagnosis show patterns of illness representations that are potentially more distressing than women without a cancer diagnosis. Findings suggest that physicians involved in counseling should pay attention to illness representations of distressed women. Thereby, it would be possible to detect maladaptive thoughts associated with the mutation, address negative emotions and encourage adaptive coping strategies.
Cosmic-ray Electron and Positron Excesses from Hidden Gaugino Dark Matter
Creators: name: Shirai, Satoshi
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
name: Yanagida, T. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a scenario that a hidden gaugino dark matter decays into the standard-model particles (and their supersymmetric partners) through a kinetic mixing with the gaugino of a U(1)B-L broken at a scale close to the grand unification scale. We show that decay of the hidden gaugino can explain excesses in the cosmic-ray electrons and positrons observed by PAMELA and Fermi.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Skyrmion Lattice Manipulation with Electric Currents and Thermal Gradients in MnSi
Creators: name: Chalus, N.
name: Leishman, A. W. D.
name: Menezes, R. M.
name: Longbons, G.
name: Welp, U.
name: Kwok, W. -K.
name: White, J. S.
name: Bartkowiak, M.
name: Cubitt, R.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Janoschek, M.
name: Milosevic, M. V.
name: Eskildsen, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The skyrmion lattice (SkL) in MnSi was studied using small-angle neutron scattering and under the influence of a radial electric current in a Corbino geometry. In response to the applied current, the SkL undergoes an angular reorientation with respect to the MnSi crystal lattice. The reorientation is non-monotonic with increasing current, with the SkL rotating first in one direction and then the other. The SkL reorientation was studied at different sample locations and found to depend on the local current density as inferred from a finite element analysis. The non-monotonic response indicates the presence of two competing effects on the SkL, most likely due to the presence of both radial electric and thermal currents. Such a scenario is supported by micromagnetic simulations, which show how these effects can act constructively or destructively to drive the SkL rotation, depending on the direction of the electric current. In addition, the simulations also suggest how the direction of the skyrmion flow may affect the SkL orientation.
description: Minor revisions
Additional file 1 of A proteasomal β5 subunit of Haemonchus contortus with a role in the growth, development and life span
Creators: name: He, Li
name: Zhang, Hong-Run
name: Di, Wen-Da
name: Li, Fang-Fang
name: Wang, Chun-Qun
name: Yang, Xin
name: Liu, Xiao-Fang
name: Hu, Min
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of proteasomal β5 subunits used for phylogenetic and alignment analysis. Table S2. Oligonucleotide primers (5’-3’) used in the present study.
Simplicial quantum contextuality
Creators: name: Okay, Cihan
name: Kharoof, Aziz
name: Ipek, Selman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a new framework for contextuality based on simplicial sets, combinatorial models of topological spaces that play a prominent role in modern homotopy theory. Our approach extends measurement scenarios to consist of spaces (rather than sets) of measurements and outcomes, and thereby generalizes nonsignaling distributions to simplicial distributions, which are distributions on spaces modeled by simplicial sets. Using this formalism we present a topologically inspired new proof of Fine's theorem for characterizing noncontextuality in Bell scenarios. Strong contextuality is generalized suitably for simplicial distributions, allowing us to define cohomological witnesses that extend the earlier topological constructions restricted to algebraic relations among quantum observables to the level of probability distributions. Foundational theorems of quantum theory such as the Gleason's theorem and Kochen-Specker theorem can be expressed naturally within this new language.
description: 48 pages, 15 figures
Potential of Intestinal Current Measurement for Personalized Treatment of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Creators: name: Graeber, Simon Y.
name: Vitzthum, Constanze
name: Mall, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cystic fibrosis
subject: CFTR
subject: intestinal current measurement (ICM)
subject: personalized medicine
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Refinement of personalized treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) with emerging medicines targeting the CF basic defect will likely benefit from biomarkers sensitive to detect improvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function in individual patients. Intestinal current measurement (ICM) is a technique that enables quantitative assessment of CFTR chloride channel function in rectal tissues or other intestinal epithelia. ICM was originally developed to study the CF ion transport defect in the intestine and has been established as a sensitive biomarker of CFTR function and diagnostic test for CF. With the emergence of CFTR-directed therapeutics, ICM has become an important tool to estimate the level of rescue of CFTR function achieved by approved CFTR modulators, both at the level of CFTR genotype groups, as well as individual patients with CF. In combination with preclinical patient-derived cell culture models, ICM may aid the development of targeted therapies for patients with rare CFTR mutations. Here, we review the principles of ICM and examine how this CFTR biomarker may be used to support diagnostic testing and enhance personalized medicine for individual patients with common as well as rare CFTR mutations in the new era of medicines targeting the underlying cause of CF.
A Lei 13.874 (liberdade econômica) e o abuso do poder regulatório
Creators: name: Fortini, Cristiana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 180103 Administrative Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Por Cristiana Fortini e Greycielle AmaralA “Declaração de Direitos de Liberdade Econômica”, estabelecendo garantias de livre mercado, alterando diversas leis, dentre elas o Código Civil, a CLT, Lei das Sociedades Anônimas, Lei dos Registros Públicos. Grande parte das medidas pretendidas está relacionado com o instituto do poder de polícia, atividade estatal por meio do qual se conforma e limita a propriedade e atuação privada ao interesse da coletividade, mediante prescrições legais que, por si, ou por meio de atos administrativos que a ela se segue, como autorizações, licenças, interferem no agir particular.
Stability of Radiomic Features across Different Region of Interest Sizes—A CT and MR Phantom Study
Creators: name: Jensen, Laura J.
name: Kim, Damon
name: Elgeti, Thomas
name: Steffen, Ingo G.
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Nagel, Sebastian N.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: radiomics
subject: texture analysis
subject: magnetic resonance imaging
subject: computed tomography
subject: phantom
subject: reproducibility
subject: robustness
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: We aimed to evaluate radiomic features' stability across different region of interest (ROI) sizes in CT and MR images. We chose a phantom with a homogenous internal structure so no differences for a feature extracted from ROIs of different sizes would be expected. For this, we scanned a plastic cup filled with sodium chloride solution ten times in CT and per MR sequence (T1-weighted-gradient-echo and T2-weighted-turbo-inversion-recovery-magnitude). We placed sphere-shaped ROIs of different diameters (4, 8, and 16 mm, and 4, 8, and 16 pixels) into the phantom's center. Features were extracted using PyRadiomics. We assessed feature stability across ROI sizes with overall concordance correlation coefficients (OCCCs). Differences were tested for significance with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Of 93 features, 87 T1w-derived, 87 TIRM-derived, and 70 CT-derived features were significantly different between ROI sizes. Among MR-derived features, OCCCs showed excellent (>0.90) agreement for mean, median, and root mean squared for ROI sizes between 4 and 16 mm and pixels. We further observed excellent agreement for 10th and 90th percentile in T1w and 10th percentile in T2w TIRM images. There was no excellent agreement among the OCCCs of CT-derived features. In summary, many features indicated significant differences and only few showed excellent agreement across varying ROI sizes, although we examined a homogenous phantom. Since we considered a small phantom in an experimental setting, further studies to investigate this size effect would be necessary for a generalization. Nevertheless, we believe knowledge about this effect is crucial in interpreting radiomics studies, as features that supposedly discriminate disease entities may only indicate a systematic difference in ROI size.
Particle Creation and Entanglement in Dispersive Model with Step Velocity Profile
Creators: name: Osawa, Yuki
name: Nambu, Yasusada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate particle creation and entanglement structure in a dispersive model with subliminal dispersion relation. Assuming the step function spatial velocity profile of the background flow, mode functions for a massless scalar field is exactly obtained by the matching method. Power spectrums of created particles are calculated for the subsonic and the transsonic flow cases. For the transsonic case, the sonic horizon exists and created particles show the Planckian distribution for low frequency region but the thermal property disappears for high frequency region near the cutoff frequency introduced by the non-linear dispersion. For the subsonic case, although the sonic horizon does not exist, the effective group velocity horizon appears due to the non-linear dispersion for high frequency region and approximate thermal property of the power spectrum arises. Relation between particle creation and entanglement between each mode is also discussed.
description: 20 pages,16 figures
Near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy of the nuclear region of the disturbed Virgo cluster spiral NGC 4438
Creators: name: Perez, Sebastian
name: Casassus, Simon
name: Cortes, Juan R.
name: Kenney, J. D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared VLT ISAAC imaging and spectroscopy of the peculiar Virgo galaxy NGC 4438, whose nucleus has been classified as a LINER. The data are supplemented by mid-infrared imaging, and compared to previous WFPC2 HST broadband images. Images and position-velocity maps of the [Fe II] and H2 line emissions are presented and compared with the distribution of the optical narrow-line region and radio features. Our results show that shocks (possibly driven by a radio jet) contribute to an important fraction of the excitation of [Fe II], while X-ray heating from a central AGN may be responsible for the H2 excitation. We address the question whether the outflow has an AGN or a starburst origin by providing new estimates of the central star formation rate and the kinetic energy associated with the gas. By fitting a Sersic bulge, an exponential disc and a compact nuclear source to the light distribution, we decomposed NGC 4438's light distribution and found an unresolved nuclear source at 0.8 arcsec resolution with M_K = -18.7 and J-H = 0.69. Our measured bulge velocity dispersion, 142 km/s, together with the standard M_bh-sigma relation, suggests a central black hole mass of log(M_bh/Msun) ~ 7.0. The stellar kinematics measured from the near-infrared CO lines shows a strong peak in the velocity dispersion of 178 km/s in the central 0.5 arcsec, which is possible kinematic evidence of a central black hole. We calculated a general expression for the integrated Sersic profile flux density in elliptical geometry, including the case of 'disky' isophotes.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures. Affiliation added. Higher resolution images
Third eyelid in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus): a morphological and histological study
Creators: name: Kamali, Younes
name: Khaksar, Zabihollah
name: Gholami, Soghra
Publisher: name: Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology
Year: 2016
Subjects: Third eyelid; Histology; Morphology; Mongoose

description: The Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is native to parts of Asia, Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe the gross anatomy of the cartilage and histology of the superficial gland of the third eyelid of two adult mongooses. The animals, in terminal stages of disease and near death due to aging or unknown reasons, were referred from Park Zoo (Shiraz, Iran) to our center. By using a modified maceration technique, the morphological characteristics of the cartilage were examined. For histological examinations of the superficial gland of the third eyelid, the samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Also, to detect the elastic fibers in the cartilage sections were stained with orcein and Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin. The cartilage consisted of an ovoid appendix and a mild reverse sigmoid crossbar. Elastic fibers were scattered throughout the cartilage but were more concentrated in the center. The superficial gland of the third eyelid was compound tubuloacinar with serous acini.
description: Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, Vol 120, No 3 (2015)
Contextualized Counterspeech: Strategies for Adaptation, Personalization, and Evaluation
Creators: name: Cima, Lorenzo
name: Miaschi, Alessio
name: Trujillo, Amaury
name: Avvenuti, Marco
name: Dell'Orletta, Felice
name: Cresci, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: AI-generated counterspeech offers a promising and scalable strategy to curb online toxicity through direct replies that promote civil discourse. However, current counterspeech is one-size-fits-all, lacking adaptation to the moderation context and the users involved. We propose and evaluate multiple strategies for generating tailored counterspeech that is adapted to the moderation context and personalized for the moderated user. We instruct an LLaMA2-13B model to generate counterspeech, experimenting with various configurations based on different contextual information and fine-tuning strategies. We identify the configurations that generate persuasive counterspeech through a combination of quantitative indicators and human evaluations collected via a pre-registered mixed-design crowdsourcing experiment. Results show that contextualized counterspeech can significantly outperform state-of-the-art generic counterspeech in adequacy and persuasiveness, without compromising other characteristics. Our findings also reveal a poor correlation between quantitative indicators and human evaluations, suggesting that these methods assess different aspects and highlighting the need for nuanced evaluation methodologies. The effectiveness of contextualized AI-generated counterspeech and the divergence between human and algorithmic evaluations underscore the importance of increased human-AI collaboration in content moderation.
description: Article published in WebConf 25, 34th ACM Web Conference. Please, cite the published version
Significance of uncertain phasing between the onsets of stadial–interstadial transitions in different Greenland ice core proxies
Creators: name: Riechers, Keno
name: Boers, Niklas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: paleoclimate proxy records
subject: abrupt climate transitions
subject: glacial intervals
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Different paleoclimate proxy records evidence repeated abrupt climate transitions during previous glacial intervals. These transitions are thought to comprise abrupt warming and increase in local precipitation over Greenland, sudden reorganization of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, and retreat of sea ice in the North Atlantic. The physical mechanism underlying these so-called Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events remains debated. A recent analysis of Greenland ice core proxy records found that transitions in Na+ concentrations and δ18O values are delayed by about 1 decade with respect to corresponding transitions in Ca2+ concentrations and in the annual layer thickness during DO events. These delays are interpreted as a temporal lag of sea-ice retreat and Greenland warming with respect to a synoptic- and hemispheric-scale atmospheric reorganization at the onset of DO events and may thereby help constrain possible triggering mechanisms for the DO events. However, the explanatory power of these results is limited by the uncertainty of the transition onset detection in noisy proxy records. Here, we extend previous work by testing the significance of the reported lags with respect to the null hypothesis that the proposed transition order is in fact not systematically favored. If the detection uncertainties are averaged out, the temporal delays in the δ18O and Na+ transitions with respect to their counterparts in Ca2+ and the annual layer thickness are indeed pairwise statistically significant. In contrast, under rigorous propagation of uncertainty, three statistical tests cannot provide evidence against the null hypothesis. We thus confirm the previously reported tendency of delayed transitions in the δ18O and Na+ concentration records. Yet, given the uncertainties in the determination of the transition onsets, it cannot be decided whether these tendencies are truly the imprint of a prescribed transition order or whether they are due to chance. The analyzed set of DO transitions can therefore not serve as evidence for systematic lead–lag relationships between the transitions in the different proxies, which in turn limits the power of the observed tendencies to constrain possible physical causes of the DO events.
Production of hepatocyte-like cells from human umbilical vein mesenchymal stem cells
Creators: name: Raoufi, Azadeh
name: Amini, Ali
name: Azadbakht, Mehri
name: Fariba, Farhadifar
name: Nikkho, Bahram
name: Fathi, Fardin
Publisher: name: Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology
Year: 2016
Subjects: UVMSCs; Differentiation; Hepatocytes; ICG Uptake

description: The human umbilical vein, as a readily available stem cell source, is a good alternative to harvest mesenchymal stem cells. Human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells have recently been isolated and have demonstrated the ability to differentiate into various cell types such as fat, bone, cartilage and neuronal cells. In this study, we have investigated whether human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells are also able to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Hepatic differentiation was performed with a 2-step protocol and the use of hepatocyte growth factor and oncostatin M for cell culture. During four weeks of induction, most cells displayed a cuboidal morphology. Immunological analysis indicated that umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells-derived hepatocyte-like cells expressed liver-specific protein markers such as albumin and cytokeratin-18. The hepatocyte-like cells also displayed several characteristics of hepatocytes, including expression of transthyretin, glucose 6-phosphatase, cytokeratin-8,18, alpha-fetoprotein, hepatocyte nuclear factor-3β and albumin. The result of indocyanine green cell uptake, as a test substance to evaluate hepatocyte-like cell function, was positive for differentiated cells. Glycogen storage was examined by periodic acid-Schiff staining. Accumulation of intracellular glycogen was detected in the hepatocyte-like cells. Based on these observations, we have concluded that umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells are endowed with hepatogenic potential and may provide a stem cell source to be used as cell therapy for liver diseases.
description: Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, Vol 120, No 3 (2015)
Multiple analysis of single graviton state functions
Creators: name: Carswell, Robert Francis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The statefunctions of massless particles described by a tensor field are classified by expressing them in terms of the eigenstates of the operator of angular momentum. The general tensor statefunction can also be separated into functions of different parity. By identifying the graviton as a special case obtained by imposing certain auxiliary conditions, familiar from the classical theory of gravitation, one arrives at a multipole analysis of single graviton state-functions. Employing standard composition methods one can use these results to arrive at selection rules governing the decay of objects into two or more gravitons.