cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inflaton phenomenology via reheating in light of primordial gravitational waves and the latest BICEP/$Keck$ data
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Ayan
name: Haque, Md Riajul
name: Maity, Debaprasad
name: Mondal, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are in the era of precision cosmology which offers us a unique opportunity to investigate beyond standard model physics. Toward this endeavor, inflaton is assumed to be a perfect new physics candidate. In this submission, we explore the phenomenological impact of the latest observation of PLANCK and BICEP/$Keck$ data on the physics of inflation. We particularly study three different models of inflation, namely $α$-attractor E, T, and the minimal plateau model. We further consider two different post-inflationary reheating dynamics driven by inflaton decaying into bosons and fermions. Given the latest data in the inflationary $(n_s-r)$ plane, we derive detailed phenomenological constraints on different inflaton parameters and the associated physical quantities, such as inflationary $e$-folding number, $N_{ k}$, reheating temperatures $T_{\rm re}$. Apart from considering direct observational data, we further incorporate the bounds from primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) and different theoretical constraints. Rather than in the laboratory, our results illustrate the potential of present and future cosmological observations to look for new physics in the sky.
description: 18 pages, 8 tables and 12 figures
Atomic Layer Deposition Nucleation Dependence on Diamond Surface Termination
Creators: name: Jones, Jessica C.
name: Delegan, Nazar
name: Heremans, F. Joseph
name: Martinson, Alex B. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface termination and interfacial interactions are critical for advanced solid-state quantum applications. In this paper, we demonstrate that atomic layer deposition (ALD) can both provide valuable insight on the chemical environment of the surface, having sufficient sensitivity to distinguish between the common diamond (001) surface termination types and passivate these interfaces as desired. We selected diamond substrates exhibiting both smooth and anomalously rough surfaces to probe the effect of morphology on ALD nucleation. We use high resolution in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry to monitor the surface reaction with sub-angstrom resolution, to evaluate the nucleation of an ALD Al2O3 process as a function of different ex and in situ treatments to the diamond surface. In situ water dosing and high vacuum annealing provided the most favorable environment for nucleation of dimethylaluminum isopropoxide and water ALD. Hydrogen termination passivated both smooth and rough surfaces while triacid cleaning passivated the smooth surface only, with striking effectiveness.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures
Chemically Tailoring Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Black Phosphorus
Creators: name: Ryder, Christopher R.
name: Wood, Joshua D.
name: Wells, Spencer A.
name: Hersam, Mark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and black phosphorus (BP) have beneficial electronic, optical, and physical properties at the few-layer limit. As atomically thin materials, 2D TMDCs and BP are highly sensitive to their environment and chemical modification, resulting in a strong dependence of their properties on substrate effects, intrinsic defects, and extrinsic adsorbates. Furthermore, the integration of 2D semiconductors into electronic and optoelectronic devices introduces unique challenges at metal-semiconductor and dielectric-semiconductor interfaces. Here, we review emerging efforts to understand and exploit chemical effects to influence the properties of 2D TMDCs and BP. In some cases, surface chemistry leads to significant degradation, thus necessitating the development of robust passivation schemes. On the other hand, appropriately designed chemical modification can be used to beneficially tailor electronic properties, such as controlling doping levels and charge carrier concentrations. Overall, chemical methods allow substantial tunability of the properties of 2D TMDCs and BP, thereby enabling significant future opportunities to optimize performance for device applications.
description: Review article in press; 43 pages and 8 figures in ACS Nano (2016)
Meron configurations in easy-plane chiral magnets
Creators: name: Bachmann, David
name: Lianeris, Michail
name: Komineas, Stavros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence and study in detail the features of chiral bimerons which are static solutions in an easy-plane magnet with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. These are skyrmionic textures with an integer topological charge and they present essential analogies to the meron configurations introduced in the context of quark confinement in the O(3) nonlinear sigma-model. We employ a Moebius transformation to show that, for weak chirality, bimeron configurations approach Belavin-Polyakov (BP) solutions characterized by tightly bound vortex and antivortex parts of the same size. Stronger chirality induces different vortex and antivortex sizes and also a detachment of merons, suggesting the possibility for a topological phase transition. Exploiting the fact that bimerons of opposite topological charges may exist in the same material, we demonstrate numerically a mechanism to generate meron pairs.
Galesus (Schizogalesus) difficilis Nixon 1930
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Galesus
Galesus difficilis

description: Galesus (Schizogalesus) difficilis Nixon, 1930: 401, 402, 412.
Valid name
Coptera difficilis (Nixon, 1930).
Summary of types
Syntype ♀, BMNH number 9.657. Syntype ♂, BMNH number 9.657b. Syntypes 2 ♀♀, 12 ♂♂.
Primary type data
Type; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Febr. 1922; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-97; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon/ type ♀ (syntype ♀). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Febr. 1922; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-97; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♀). Paratype; Zululand/ Mtunzini/ 7.vi.1926; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1926-277; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♀). Type; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-129; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / 1-13. iii.1922; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon/ type ♂ (syntype ♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / 1-13.iii.1922; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-129; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon (syntypes 4♂♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Febr. 1922; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-97; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon (syntypes 4♂♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / 15-28.iii.1922; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-158; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon (syntypes 3♂♂). Paratype; Umatata/ Transkei/ 18.ii-18.iii.1923; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1923-189; Galesus / difficilis/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♂).
Type locality
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Transkei; KwaZulu-Natal, Mtunzini; Western Cape Province, Mossel Bay.
Remarks
There are three females and thirteen males agreeing with Nixon’s description and labelled by him as Galesus difficilis. Of these, two are labelled as “type” and the rest as “ paratype ”; however, since neither a unique holotype or lectotype has yet been fixed, all of the type series is syntypic (Article 73.2). All the male syntypes and the female syntype from Mossel Bay labelled as “ paratype ” are mounted on cards and are entire. The other female syntypes are mounted on card points and are entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 92-93, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Time-Dependent BPS Skyrmions
Creators: name: Ioannidou, Theodora
name: Lukacs, Arpad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extended version of the BPS Skyrme model that admits time-dependent solutions is discussed. Initially, by introducing a power law at the original potential term of the BPS Skyrme model the existence, stability and structure of the corresponding solutions is investigated. Then, the frequencies and half-lifes of the radial oscillations of the constructed time-dependent solutions are determined.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. Typo fixed, journal reference added
Supersymmetric Janus solutions in four-dimensional N=3 gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Karndumri, Parinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct supersymmetric Janus solutions using four-dimensional $N=3$ gauged supergravity with $SO(3)\times SU(3)$ gauge group. The $N=3$ supersymmetric $AdS_4$ vacuum with unbroken $SO(3)\times SU(3)$, identified with the compactification of eleven-dimensional supergravity on $AdS_4\times N^{010}$, provides a gravity dual of supersymmetric $N=3$ Chern-Simons-Matter theory in three dimensions with $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry. The Janus solutions accordingly describe supersymmetric conformal interfaces within this Chern-Simons-Matter theory via the AdS/CFT holography. We find two classes of Janus solutions preserving respectively $(2,1)$ and $(0,1)$ supersymmetry on the $(1+1)$-dimensional conformal defects. The solution with $(2,1)$ supersymmetry preserves $SO(2)\times SO(2)\times SO(2)\subset SO(3)\times SU(3)$ symmetry while the $(0,1)$ supersymmetric solution is invariant under a larger $SO(2)\times SU(2)\times SO(2)$ symmetry.
description: 20 pages, no figure, typos corrected, references added
Scalar polarization window in gravitational-wave signals
Creators: name: Takeda, Hiroki
name: Manita, Yusuke
name: Omiya, Hidetoshi
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar polarization modes of gravitational waves, which are often introduced in the context of the viable extension of gravity, have been actively searched. However, couplings of the scalar modes to the matter are strongly constrained by the fifth-force experiments. Thus, the amplitude of scalar polarization in the observed gravitational-wave signal must be significantly suppressed compared to that of the tensor modes. Here, we discuss the implications of the experiments in the solar system on the detectability of scalar modes in gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, taking into account the whole processes from the generation to the observation of gravitational waves. We first claim that the energy carried by the scalar modes at the generation is, at most, that of the tensor modes from the observed phase evolution of the inspiral gravitational waves. Next, we formulate general gravitational-wave propagation and point out that the energy flux hardly changes through propagation as long as the background changes slowly compared to the wavelength of the propagating waves. Finally, we show that the possible magnitude of scalar polarization modes detected by the ground-based gravitational-wave telescopes is already severely constrained by the existing gravity tests in the solar system.
description: 18 pages
Large Field-of-View Thermal Imaging via All-Silicon Meta-Optics
Creators: name: Wirth-Singh, Anna
name: Fröch, Johannes E.
name: Han, Zheyi
name: Huang, Luocheng
name: Mukherjee, Saswata
name: Zhou, Zhihao
name: Coppens, Zachary
name: Böhringer, Karl F.
name: Majumdar, Arka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A broad range of imaging and sensing technologies in the infrared require large Field-of-View (FoV) operation. To achieve this, traditional refractive systems often employ multiple elements to compensate for aberrations, which leads to excess size, weight, and cost. For many applications, including night vision eye-wear, air-borne surveillance, and autonomous navigation for unmanned aerial vehicles, size and weight are highly constrained. Sub-wavelength diffractive optics, also known as meta-optics, can dramatically reduce the size, weight, and cost of these imaging systems, as meta-optics are significantly thinner and lighter than traditional refractive lenses. Here, we demonstrate 80$^\circ$ FoV thermal imaging in the long-wavelength infrared regime (8-12 $μ$m) using an all-silicon meta-optic with an entrance aperture and lens focal length of 1 cm.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Emergence of the XY-like phase in the deformed spin-3/2 AKLT systems
Creators: name: Huang, Ching-Yu
name: Wagner, Maximilian Anton
name: Wei, Tzu-Chieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Affleck, Kennedy, Lieb and Taski (AKLT) constructed an exemplary spin-3/2 valence-bond solid (VBS) state on the hexagonal lattice, which is the ground state of an isotropic quantum antiferromagnet and possesses no spontaneous magnetization but finite correlation length. This is distinct from the Néel ordered state of the spin-3/2 Heisenberg model on the same lattice. Niggemann, Klümper and Zittartz then generalized the AKLT Hamiltonian to one family invariant under spin rotation about the z-axis. The ground states of this family can be parameterized by a single parameter that deforms the AKLT state, and this system exhibits a quantum phase transition between the VBS and Néel phases, as the parameter increases from the AKLT point to large anisotropy. We investigate the opposite regime when the parameter decreases from the AKLT point and find that there appears to be a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like transition from the VBS phase to an XY phase. Such a transition also occurs in the deformation of other types of AKLT states with triplet-bond constructions on the same lattice. However, we do not find such an XY-like phase in the deformed AKLT models on other trivalent lattices, such as square-octagon, cross and star lattices. On the star lattice, the deformed family of AKLT states remain in the same phase as the isotropic AKLT state throughout the whole region of the parameter. However, for two triplet-bond generalizations, the triplet VBS phase is sandwiched between two ferromagnetic phases (for large and small deformation parameters, respectively), which are characterized by spontaneous magnetizations along different axes. Along the way, we also discuss how various deformed AKLT states can be used for the purpose of universal quantum computation.
Extracting unconventional spin texture in two dimensional topological crystalline insulator bismuthene via tuning bulk-edge interactions
Creators: name: Yin, Yuefeng
name: Wang, Chutian
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
name: Medhekar, Nikhil V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tuning the interaction between the bulk and edge states of topological materials is a powerful tool for manipulating edge transport behavior, opening up exciting opportunities for novel electronic and spintronic applications. This approach is particularly suited to topological crystalline insulators (TCI), a class of topologically nontrivial compounds that are endowed with multiple degrees of topological protection. In this study, we investigate how bulk-edge interactions can influence the edge transport in planar bismuthene, a TCI with metallic edge states protected by in-plane mirror symmetry, using first principles calculations and symmetrized Wannier tight-binding models. By exploring the impact of various perturbation effects, such as device size, substrate potentials, and applied transverse electric field, we examine the evolution of the electronic structure and edge transport in planar bismuthene. Our findings demonstrate that the TCI states of planar bismuthene can be engineered to exhibit either a gapped or conducting unconventional helical spin texture via a combination of substrate and electric field effects. Furthermore, under strong electric fields, the edge states can be stabilized through a delicate control of the bulk-edge interactions. These results open up new directions for discovering novel spin transport patterns in topological materials and provide critical insights for the fabrication of topological spintronic devices.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Microgel-Functionalised Hollow Fibre Membrane for Dialysis
Creators: name: Ling, Wong Lai
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 90404 Membrane and Separation Technologies
subject: 91209 Polymers and Plastics
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Treatment for kidney disease comes at a tremendous economic cost. A functionalised hollow fibre membrane using swellable additive was proposed to overcome current limitations. A hybrid of polyvinylidene fluoride and polysulfone polymers were used as the membrane materials. The ductility and brittle behaviours of the blended polymers enhance the mechanical strength of the hollow fibres. Then, the hollow fibres underwent hydrophilization using a temperature-responsive poly(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate to synthesise them into microgel particles. The outcome of the regeneration showed that microgel-functionalised membranes could use pure water instead of chemical agents, and promote self-cleaning through temperature regulation.
The radiative zone of the Sun and the tachocline: stability of baroclinic patterns of differential rotation
Creators: name: Caleo, Andrea
name: Balbus, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Barotropic rotation and radiative equilibrium are mutually incompatible in stars. The issue is often addressed by allowing for a meridional circulation, but this is not devoid of theoretical complications. Models of rotation in the Sun which maintain strict radiative equilibrium, making use of the observation that the Sun is not in a state of barotropic rotation, have recently been suggested. To investigate the dynamical behaviour of these solutions, we study the local stability of stratified, weakly magnetized, differentially rotating fluids to non-axisymmetric perturbations. Finite heat conductivity, kinematic viscosity, and resistivity are present. The evolution of local embedded perturbations is governed by a set of coupled, ordinary differential equations with time-dependent coefficients. Two baroclinic models of rotation for the upper radiative zone and tachocline are studied: (i) an interpolation based on helioseismology data, (ii) a theoretical solution directly compatible with radiative equilibrium. The growth of the local Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke instability appears to be suppressed, largely because of the viscosity. An extensive exploration of wavenumber space is carried out, with and without a magnetic field. Although we easily find classical local instabilities when they ought formally to be present, for the Sun the analysis reveals neither unstable solutions, nor even solutions featuring a large transient growth. We have not ruled out larger scale or nonlinear instabilities, nor have we rigorously proven local stability. But rotational configurations in close agreement with observations, generally thought to be vulnerable to the classic local Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke instability, do appear to be locally stable under rather general circumstances.
Discovering the Origin of Neutrino Masses at SHiP
Creators: name: Ipek, Seyda
name: Tuckler, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In $U(1)_R$ extensions of supersymmetric models, the bino and its Dirac partner, the singlino, can play the role of right-handed neutrinos. The bino and the singlino form a pseudo-dirac pair, dubbed the `bi$ν$o', which can generate Standard Model neutrino masses via the inverse seesaw mechanism. We investigate the prospects for detecting long-lived bi$ν$os at SHiP, where GeV scale bi$ν$os can be copiously produced in the decays of mesons. We show that SHiP can probe new regions of parameter space that are complementary to searches for the lepton flavor-violating decay $μ\to e γ$. This scenario provides a well-motivated benchmark for future experiments of a right-handed neutrino that mixes with all Standard Model neutrinos, and is directly related to the generation of neutrino masses.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
On the dual advantage of placing observations through forward sensitivity analysis
Creators: name: Ahmed, Shady E
name: San, Omer
name: Lakshmivarahan, Sivaramakrishnan
name: Lewis, John M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The four-dimensional variational data assimilation methodology for assimilating noisy observations into a deterministic model has been the workhorse of forecasting centers for over three decades. While this method provides a computationally efficient framework for dynamic data assimilation, it is largely silent on the important question concerning the minimum number and placement of observations. To answer this question, we demonstrate the dual advantage of placing the observations where the square of the sensitivity of the model solution with respect to the unknown control variables, called forward sensitivities, attains its maximum. Therefore, we can force the observability Gramian to be of full rank, which in turn guarantees efficient recovery of the optimal values of the control variables, which is the first of the two advantages of this strategy. We further show that the proposed strategy of placing observations has another inherent optimality: the square of the sensitivity of the optimal estimates of the control with respect to the observations (used to obtain these estimates) attains its minimum value, a second advantage that is a direct consequence of the above strategy for placing observations. Our analytical framework and numerical experiments on linear and nonlinear systems confirm the effectiveness of our proposed strategy.
Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory for Rotational Energy Exchange in Symmetric-Top-Rotor + Linear-Rotor Collisions and a Case Study of $ \rm ND_3 + \rm D_2$ System
Creators: name: Joy, Carolin
name: Mandal, Bikramaditya
name: Bostan, Dulat
name: Babikov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extension of mixed quantum/classical theory (MQCT) to describe collisional energy transfer is developed for symmetric-top-rotor + linear-rotor system type and is applied to $ \rm ND_3 + \rm D_2 $. State-to-state transition cross sections are computed in a broad energy range for all possible processes: when both $ \rm ND_3$ and $ \rm D_2$ molecules are excited or both are quenched, when one is excited while the other is quenched and vice versa, when $ \rm ND_3 $ state changes its parity while $ \rm D_2 $ is excited or quenched, and when $ \rm ND_3 $ is excited or quenched while $ \rm D_2 $ remains in the same state, ground or excited. In all these processes the results of MQCT are found to approximately satisfy the principle of microscopic reversibility. For a set of sixteen state-to-state transitions available from literature for collision energy $ \rm 800 cm^{-1} $ the values of cross sections predicted by MQCT are within 8% of accurate full-quantum results. A useful time-dependent insight is obtained by monitoring the evolution of state populations along MQCT trajectories. It is shown that, if before the collision, $ \rm D_2 $ is in its ground state, the excitation of to $ \rm ND_3 $ rotational states proceeds through a two-step mechanism in which the kinetic energy of molecule-molecule collision is first used to excite $ \rm D_2 $ and only then is transferred to the excited rotational states of to $ \rm ND_3 $. It is found that both potential coupling and Coriolis coupling play important roles in $ \rm ND_3 + \rm D_2 $collisions.
description: Submitted to journal of Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Subcycle control of valley-selective excitation via dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect in WSe$_2$ monolayer
Creators: name: Yamada, Shunsuke
name: Yabana, Kazuhiro
name: Otobe, Tomohito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study performed first-principles calculations based on the time-dependent density functional theory to control the valley degree of freedom relating to the dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect (DFKE) in a monolayer of transition metal dichalcogenide. By mimicking the attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we performed numerical pump-probe experiments to observe DFKE around the $K$ or $K'$ valley in WSe$_2$ monolayer with a linearly-polarized pump field and a circularly-polarized probe pulse. We found that the circularly-polarized probe pulse with a given helicity can selectively observe the transient conductivity modulated by DFKE in each valley. The transient conductivity and excitation probability around each valley oscillate with the pump field frequency $Ω$. The phases of the $Ω$ oscillation for the $K$ and $K'$ valleys are opposite to each other. Furthermore, the pump-driven DFKE alters the absorption rate of WSe$_2$ monolayer and yields the valley-dependent $Ω$ oscillation of the electron excitation induced by the pump plus probe field. With a simplified two-band model, we identified the $Ω$ oscillation of the off-diagonal conductivity caused by the band asymmetry around the valleys as the physical mechanism responsible for the valley-selective DFKE.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Feedback-based learning in multiple sclerosis: neurobehavioral mechanisms and potential clinical applications
Creators: name: Cagna, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Learning from outcomes of our choices and adapting our behavior accordingly are fundamental aspects of human cognition. Feedback signaling adequate performance, or the need to improve performance, increases our chances of successful goal-directed behavior. While processing feedback information is vital for learning, so too, are processes that motivate seeking feedback. Feedback-based learning is comprised of complementary components, including decision-making about seeking feedback, processing of acquired feedback, and demonstrating learning through performance. One unexplored setting for feedback-based learning is cognitive rehabilitation. Given that performance feedback is integral to cognitive remediation interventions in clinical populations, it is imperative to understand how feedback-based learning – and its associated brain mechanisms – operate in these groups. One such population is people with multiple sclerosis (MS), who frequently report debilitating cognitive fatigue (CF). In the brain, CF in MS targets corticostriatal networks – rooted in the striatum and prefrontal regions – known to also process performance feedback in neurotypical (NT) individuals. This neural connection motivated this dissertation, which probed neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying feedback-based learning in MS and corresponding influences of CF. Furthermore, two novel experimental paradigms for enhancing feedback value were also tested. Experiment 1 investigated CF’s impact on feedback processing and associated neural circuitry in MS and NT samples. Both groups displayed comparable learning, despite MS participants’ greater CF. During positive feedback outcomes, MS participants exhibited stronger functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and task-specific regions, and diminished connectivity between the caudate and dorsal anterior cingulate. This inhibited corticostriatal connectivity was also associated with greater CF, suggesting attenuation of feedback value by CF. Experiment 2 probed CF’s impact on feedback-seeking decisions in MS and NT participants. Both groups exhibited comparable likelihoods of seeking feedback, suggesting that feedback valuation is robust to CF in MS. Experiments 3 and 4 assessed the efficacy of the novel feedback value paradigms in NT samples, which revealed preliminary success for these interventions. In sum, this dissertation reveals CF-induced alterations of corticostriatal connectivity during feedback-based learning in MS, identifies motivational factors that may safeguard feedback valuation from CF, and contributes novel tools for application in clinical contexts to maximize feedback-based cognitive rehabilitation efficacy.
Spectrally Grouped Total Variation Reconstruction for Scatter Imaging Using ADMM
Creators: name: Odinaka, Ikenna
name: Kaganovsky, Yan
name: Greenberg, Joel A.
name: Hassan, Mehadi
name: Politte, David G.
name: O'Sullivan, Joseph A.
name: Carin, Lawrence
name: Brady, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider X-ray coherent scatter imaging, where the goal is to reconstruct momentum transfer profiles (spectral distributions) at each spatial location from multiplexed measurements of scatter. Each material is characterized by a unique momentum transfer profile (MTP) which can be used to discriminate between different materials. We propose an iterative image reconstruction algorithm based on a Poisson noise model that can account for photon-limited measurements as well as various second order statistics of the data. To improve image quality, previous approaches use edge-preserving regularizers to promote piecewise constancy of the image in the spatial domain while treating each spectral bin separately. Instead, we propose spectrally grouped regularization that promotes piecewise constant images along the spatial directions but also ensures that the MTPs of neighboring spatial bins are similar, if they contain the same material. We demonstrate that this group regularization results in improvement of both spectral and spatial image quality. We pursue an optimization transfer approach where convex decompositions are used to lift the problem such that all hyper-voxels can be updated in parallel and in closed-form. The group penalty introduces a challenge since it is not directly amendable to these decompositions. We use the alternating directions method of multipliers (ADMM) to replace the original problem with an equivalent sequence of sub-problems that are amendable to convex decompositions, leading to a highly parallel algorithm. We demonstrate the performance on real data.
description: Presented at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) 2015. 4 pages, 2 figures
Group velocity locked vector dissipative solitons in a high repetition rate fiber laser
Creators: name: Luo, Yiyang
name: Liu, Deming
name: Li, Lei
name: Sun, Qizhen
name: Wu, Zhichao
name: Xu, Zhilin
name: Fu, Songnian
name: Zhao, Luming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vectorial nature of dissipative solitons (DSs) with high repetition rates is studied for the first time in a normal-dispersion fiber laser. Despite the fact that the formed DSs are strongly chirped and the repetition rate is greater than 100 MHz, polarization locked and polarization rotating group velocity locked vector DSs can be formed under 129.3 MHz fundamental mode-locking and 258.6 MHz harmonic mode-locking of the fiber laser, respectively. The two orthogonally polarized components of these vector DSs possess distinctly different central wavelengths and travel together at the same group velocity in the laser cavity, resulting in a gradual spectral edge and small steps on the optical spectra, which can be considered as an auxiliary indicator of the group velocity locked vector DSs.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
3d Deconfinement, Product gauge group, Seiberg-Witten and New 3d dualities
Creators: name: Nii, Keita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a three dimensional deconfinement method which enables us to find new three-dimensional dualities and we apply various techniques developed in four dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories, such as the product gauge groups and Seiberg-Witten curves to the three dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories. Dual descriptions of three dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories which involve two-index matters, for example, adjoint, symmetric, and anti-symmetric matters without superpotentials can be obtained. These matters are described in terms of s-confining phases of the supersymmetric gauge theories.
description: 46 pages
Electron transfer at electrode interfaces via a straightforward quasiclassical fermionic mapping approach
Creators: name: Jung, Kenneth A.
name: Kelly, Joseph
name: Markland, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron transfer at electrode interfaces to molecules in solution or at the electrode surface plays a vital role in numerous technological processes. However, treating these processes requires a unified and accurate treatment of the fermionic states of the electrode and their coupling to the molecule being oxidized or reduced in the electrochemical processes and, in turn, the way the molecular energy levels are modulated by the bosonic nuclear modes of the molecule and solvent. Here we present a physically transparent quasiclassical scheme to treat these electrochemical electron transfer processes in the presence of molecular vibrations by using an appropriately chosen mapping of the fermionic variables. We demonstrate that this approach, which is exact in the limit of non-interacting fermions, is able to accurately capture the electron transfer dynamics from the electrode even when the process is coupled to vibrational motions in regimes of weak coupling. This approach thus provides a scalable strategy to explicitly treat electron transfer from electrode interfaces in condensed-phase molecular systems.
Microscopic model realization of $\boldsymbol{d}$-wave pseudospin current order in Sr$_{\boldsymbol{2}}$IrO$_{\boldsymbol{4}}$
Creators: name: Dong, Jin-Wei
name: Huang, Yun-Peng
name: Wang, Ziqiang
name: Zhou, Sen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $d$-wave pseudospin current order ($d$PSCO) with staggered circulating pseudospin current has been proposed as the hidden electronic order to describe the unexpected breaking of spatial symmetries in stoichiometric Sr$_{2}$IrO$_{4}$ and the unconventional pseudogap phenomena in electron doped Sr$_{2}$IrO$_{4}$. However, a microscopic model for the emergence of $d$PSCO is still lacking. The nearest neighbor Coulomb repulsion $V$, which is expected to be significant in Sr$_{2}$IrO$_{4}$ due to the large spatial extension of the Ir $5d$ orbitals, is capable of driving $d$PSCO on the mean-field level, albeit the latter is energetically degenerate to the staggered flux phase with circulating charge current. We find the in-plane anisotropy $Γ_2$ in the effective superexchange interaction between $J_\text{eff}={1\over 2}$ pseudospins, originating from the cooperative interplay between Hund's rule coupling and spin-orbit coupling of Ir $5d$ electrons, is able to lift the degeneracy and stabilize the pseudospin currents. The effective single-orbital model of $J_\text{eff}={1\over 2}$ electrons, including onsite Coulomb repulsion $U$, nearest neighbor Coulomb repulsion $V$, and the in-plane anisotropy $Γ_2$, is then studied. We obtain the mean-field ground states, analyze their properties, and determine the phase diagram of stoichiometric Sr$_{2}$IrO$_{4}$ in the plane spanned by $U$ and $V$ at a fixed $Γ_2$. We demonstrate the realization of $d$PSCO, and its competition and coexistence with antiferromagnetism. Remarkably, we find the coexistence of $d$PSCO and antiferromagnetism naturally leads to spin bond nematicity, with the spin directions of these three orders forming nontrivial chirality. Furthermore, we show that the emergence of the coexistent state and its chirality can be tuned by carrier doping.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
The Cauchy problem for the Proca equation in gravitating dielectric media
Creators: name: Steininger, Florian
name: Chruściel, Piotr T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Cauchy problem for the Proca equation in gravitating dielectric media.
description: 6 pages
Fokker-Planck formalism in magnetic resonance simulations
Creators: name: Kuprov, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an overview of the Fokker-Planck formalism for non-biological magnetic resonance simulations, describes its existing applications and proposes some novel ones. The most attractive feature of Fokker-Planck theory compared to the commonly used Liouville - von Neumann equation is that, for all relevant types of spatial dynamics (spinning, diffusion, flow, etc.), the corresponding Fokker-Planck Hamiltonian is time-independent. Many difficult NMR, EPR and MRI simulation problems (multiple rotation NMR, ultrafast NMR, gradient-based zero-quantum filters, diffusion and flow NMR, off-resonance soft microwave pulses in EPR, spin-spin coupling effects in MRI, etc.) are simplified significantly in Fokker-Planck space. The paper also summarises the author's experiences with writing and using the corresponding modules of the Spinach library - the methods described below have enabled a large variety of simulations previously considered too complicated for routine practical use.
description: Submitted for publication
Machine learning for online sea ice bias correction within global ice-ocean simulations
Creators: name: Gregory, William
name: Bushuk, Mitchell
name: Zhang, Yongfei
name: Adcroft, Alistair
name: Zanna, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we perform online sea ice bias correction within a GFDL global ice-ocean model. For this, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) which was developed in a previous study (Gregory et al., 2023) for the purpose of predicting sea ice concentration (SIC) data assimilation (DA) increments. An initial implementation of the CNN shows systematic improvements in SIC biases relative to the free-running model, however large summertime errors remain. We show that these residual errors can be significantly improved with a data augmentation approach, in which sequential CNN and DA corrections are applied to a new simulation over the training period. This then provides a new training data set with which to refine the weights of the initial network. We propose that this machine-learned correction scheme could be utilized for generating improved initial conditions, and also for real-time sea ice bias correction within seasonal-to-subseasonal sea ice forecasts.
A Study of Uncertainty and Probability in Transportation Problem
Creators: name: Pandya, Jaydeep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncertainity
Probability
Transportation Problem
North-West Corner Method
Least Cost Method
Vogel's Approximation Method

description: The transportation problem is a special class of problem. Cost is one of the affected factors in transportation. Determine the value of transportation cost, it is solved by using different methods like the North-West Corner Method, Least Cost Method,Row (Column) Minima Method, Vogel Approximation Method, etc. but these methods cannot say about the probability. Our aim is to analyze probability in various methods of transportation and each movement in transportation is taken as an event and understand the probability dimension in these methods. Uncertainty comes from a certainty situation. Because on the other side of certainty, there should be reflected uncertainty. In this paper, we also discuss the parameter of uncertainty in various methods of transportation problems using case study. The derived results in the paper is use to establish a concreate transportation system on basis of minimize the transportation cost and allocation.
Deeply Virtual Pseudoscalar Meson Production at Jefferson Lab and Transversity GPDs
Creators: name: Kubarovsky, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross section of the exclusive $π^0$ and $η$ electroproduction reaction $ep\to e^\prime p^\prime π^0/η$ was measured at Jefferson Lab with a 5.75-GeV electron beam and the CLAS detector. Differential cross sections $d^4σ/dtdQ^2dx_Bdϕ$ and structure functions $σ_T+εσ_L, σ_{TT}$ and $σ_{LT}$ as functions of $t$ were obtained over a wide range of $Q^2$ and $x_B$. The data are compared with the GPD based theoretical models. Analyses find that a large dominance of transverse processes is necessary to explain the experimental results. Generalized form factors of the transversity GPDs $H_T^{π,η}$ and $\bar E_T^{π,η}$ were directly extracted from the experimental observables for the first time. It was found that GPD $\bar E_T$ dominates in pseudoscalar meson production. The combined $π^0$ and $η$ data opens the way for the flavor decomposition of the transversity GPDs. The first ever evaluation of this decomposition was demonstrated.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Invited talk paper compiled for the SPIN-2014 conference proceedings. Typos corrected
Intergranular stress distributions in polycrystalline aggregates of irradiated stainless steel
Creators: name: Hure, J.
name: Shawish, S. El
name: Cizelj, L.
name: Tanguy, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to predict InterGranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) of post-irradiated austenitic stainless steel in Light Water Reactor (LWR) environment, reliable predictions of intergranular stresses are required. Finite elements simulations have been performed on realistic polycrystalline aggregate with a recently proposed physically-based crystal plasticity constitutive equations validated for neutron-irradiated austenitic stainless steel. Intergranular normal stress probability density functions are found with respect to plastic strain and irradiation level, for uniaxial loading conditions. In addition, plastic slip activity jumps at grain boundaries are also presented. Intergranular normal stress distributions describe, from a statistical point of view, the potential increase of intergranular stress with respect to the macroscopic stress due to grain-grain interactions. The distributions are shown to be well described by a master curve once rescaled by the macroscopic stress, in the range of irradiation level and strain considered in this study. The upper tail of this master curve is shown to be insensitive to free surface effect, which is relevant for IGSCC
The Planetary Accretion Shock. III. Smoothing-free 2.5D simulations and calculation of H alpha emission
Creators: name: Marleau, Gabriel-Dominique
name: Kuiper, Rolf
name: Béthune, William
name: Mordasini, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surveys have looked for H alpha emission from accreting gas giants but found very few objects. Analyses of the detections and non-detections have assumed that the entire gas flow feeding the planet is in radial free-fall. However, hydrodynamical simulations suggest that this is far from reality. We calculate the H alpha emission from multidimensional accretion onto a gas giant, following the gas flow from Hill-sphere scales down to the circumplanetary disc (CPD) and the planetary surface. We perform azimuthally-symmetric radiation-hydrodynamics simulations around the planet and use modern tabulated gas and dust opacities. Crucially, contrasting with most previous simulations, we do not smooth the gravitational potential and do follow the flow down to the planetary surface, where grid cells are 0.01 Jupiter radii small radially. We find that only roughly one percent of the net gas inflow into the Hill sphere reaches directly the planet. As expected for ballistic infall trajectories, most of the gas falls at too large a distance on the CPD to generate H alpha. Including radiation transport removes the high-velocity sub-surface flow previously seen in hydrodynamics-only simulations, so that only the free planet surface and the inner regions of the CPD emit substantially H alpha. Unless magnetospheric accretion, which we neglect here, additionally produces H alpha, the corresponding H alpha production efficiency is much smaller than usually assumed, which needs to be taken into account when analysing (non-)detection statistics.
description: Main text: 16 pages, 7 figures; appendices: 4 pages, 4 figures; references: 1.7 pages. Printed at ApJ on 2023 July 20th. Version 4: This information and correcting R_Hill -> R_Jup (obvious) in the axis labels of Fig. 9