cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Even-integer Quantum Hall Effect in an Oxide Caused by Hidden Rashba Effect
Creators: name: Wang, Jingyue
name: Huang, Junwei
name: Kaplan, Daniel
name: Zhou, Xuehan
name: Tan, Congwei
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Jin, Gangjian
name: Cong, Xuzhong
name: Zhu, Yongchao
name: Gao, Xiaoyin
name: Liang, Yan
name: Zuo, Huakun
name: Zhu, Zengwei
name: Zhu, Ruixue
name: Stern, Ady
name: Liu, Hongtao
name: Gao, Peng
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Yuan, Hongtao
name: Peng, Hailin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of high magnetic field, quantum Hall systems usually host both even- and odd-integer quantized states because of lifted band degeneracies. Selective control of these quantized states is challenging but essential to understand the exotic ground states and manipulate the spin textures. Here, we study the quantum Hall effect in Bi2O2Se thin films. In magnetic fields as high as 50 T, we observe only even-integer quantum Hall states, but no sign of odd-integer states. However, when reducing the thickness of the epitaxial Bi2O2Se film to one unit cell, we observe both odd- and even-integer states in this Janus (asymmetric) film grown on SrTiO3. By means of a Rashba bilayer model based on ab initio band structures of Bi2O2Se thin films, we can ascribe the absence of odd-integer states in thicker films to the hidden Rasbha effect, where the local inversion symmetry breaking in two sectors of the [Bi2O2]2+ layer yields opposite Rashba spin polarizations, which compensate with each other. In the one unit cell Bi2O2Se film grown on SrTiO3, the asymmetry introduced by top surface and bottom interface induces a net polar field. The resulting global Rashba effect lifts the band degeneracies present in the symmetric case of thicker films.
description: 6 Figures, 23 pages
Toward a Concept-Based Theory of Lexical Semantics
Creators: Hauer, Bradley
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

This work aims to address the lack of clear theoretical foundations in computational lexical semantics, the sub-field of natural language processing pertaining to computing with the meaning of words. Semantic tasks are of interest for end-user applications (e.g. contextual translation), downstream tasks (e.g. semantic parsing), and evaluating language models and contextualized representations. Nevertheless, the linguistic phenomena on which semantic methods depend – such as senses, synonymy, and translation – lack a clear, coherent theory, consisting of explicitly stated assumptions, definitions, and proven theorems. Further, there is a deficiency of prior work empirically assessing the utility of such theoretical developments.

This thesis, in short, argues for a theory of lexical semantics grounded in universal lexical concepts, and demonstrates, via experimental evidence, that such a theory is important for developing novel, useful, interpretable methods and resources. The thesis begins with a novel theoretical model for wordnets, a class of resources commonly used in lexical semantics. Key definitions are grounded in lexical concepts, culminating in an empirically validated set of best practices for wordnet construction. Next is an investigation of word senses and translations, beginning at the level of lexemes, the most basic level of semantic distinction in a lexicon, and proceeding to more fine-grained sense distinctions. This ultimately yields a novel method semantic tagging method, with applications to word sense disambiguation. The thesis concludes with a novel analysis of semantic tasks themselves, borrowing from theoretical computing science the notion of reducibility, and finally proposing the first taxonomy of semantic tasks. Taken together, these contributions represent substantial progress toward the development of a theory of semantics, and for the development of interpretable methods and resources for semantic tasks.
Floquet Defect Mode Resonance and its Applications in Nonlinear, Quantum and Active Topological Silicon Photonics
Creators: Zimmerling, Tyler J
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Topological photonic insulators are photonic quantum metamaterials whose transmission bands and bandgaps are characterized by certain topological invariants, which remain unchanged in the presence of lattice disorders. This resistance to defects has been exploited to realize integrated photonic devices that are tolerant to random variations, such as fabrication-induced imperfections or fluctuations in device operating conditions. While topological photonic insulators have been demonstrated for some applications such as optical delay lines, lasers, and single-photon emitters, the lack of efficient methods for trapping and steering light in a topological photonic lattice has limited their potential applications. Floquet defect mode resonance (FDMR), induced through a perturbation to the periodic Hamiltonian, can form compact, tunable, and high quality factor resonances in a Floquet insulator composed of a 2D lattice of coupled microring resonators. This research focuses on the design and implementation of high quality factor FDMRs on a silicon topological photonic platform and explores their potential applications in nonlinear, quantum, and active silicon photonics. In particular, broadband resonance-enhanced frequency generation was successfully demonstrated using stimulated four-wave mixing and extended to entangled photon-pair generation through spontaneous four-wave mixing. These efforts move topological silicon photonics towards the development of efficient and robust on-chip quantum light sources. Additionally, pn-junctions integrated into the silicon microring lattice allowed for the investigation of modulated FDMR by the plasma effect. Finally, the coupling of many FDMR together was explored to route light across the TPI lattice. These nonlinear and active devices broaden the scope of applications of topological photonic insulators for realizing robust photonic integrated circuits and quantum photonic circuits that are tolerant to device parameter variations.
Megachile jenseni Friese, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile jenseni

description: jenseni Friese, new comb.
Megachile jenseni Friese 1906: 95. Male and female. Type locality: Ch. de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina.
Megachile (Dactylomegachile) jenseni Mitchell 1943: 671.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Navigating Conflict and Contention in Coal Country: The Case of Grassy Mountain Mine
Creators: Wilson, Amy
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Although oil and gas overshadow coal mining in conversations about fossil fuels, coal still plays a significant role in Alberta’s culture, economy, and energy supply. In some pockets of Alberta, coal mining is central to local communities and their future aspirations. This study uses a case study of the proposed but denied Grassy Mountain mine, and the associated Impact Assessment (IA), to understand the context of decision-making around coal mines in Alberta. After reviewing the literature on IA and my research methods in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 offers an analysis of one Blackfoot organization, the Mountain Child Valley Society (MCVS), frames the project in Blackfoot perspectives and oral history. MCVS members opposed their leadership’s support for the project and utilized strategies outside the formal IA process to influence decision-making about the mine. This case highlights how community members make their voices heard independent of formal processes. Chapter Three then demonstrates how sense of place and environmental values interact with contextual factors to shape attitudes toward resource development. Looking at these nuances broadens our understanding of resource development disputes, demonstrating what is at stake beyond jobs versus the environment tensions. Although scholars have dealt with the shortcomings of IAs extensively, Chapter 4 contributes to the seldom considered risks of IAs outside of project-related impacts. Potential impacts include weakening of community cohesion, reduced feelings of safety, polarization, anxiety, and reduced trust in formal regulatory processes and governments. The focus on technoscientific approaches exacerbates tensions while understating the social impacts. In this case, the IA will have lasting impacts on individuals and communities, with broad implications for the legitimacy of environmental decision-making structures moving forward.
Prompt-Based Editing for Text Attribute Transfer
Creators: Luo, Guoqing
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Text attribute transfer (TAT) is a natural language processing task that involves transforming some attributes of a given text while preserving other attributes. Recently, prompting approaches have been explored in TAT with the emergence of various pretrained language models (PLMs), where a textual prompt is used to query a PLM to generate attribute-transferred texts word by word in an autoregressive manner. However, such a generation process is less controllable and early prediction errors may negatively affect future word predictions. Consequently, these issues will lead to low performance in general.

In this thesis, we propose a prompt-based editing approach to text attribute transfer. Specifically, we prompt a PLM for attribute classification and use the classification probability to compute an attribute score. Then, we perform discrete search with word-level editing to maximize a comprehensive scoring function for an attribute transfer task. In this way, we transform a prompt-based generation problem into a classification one, which does not suffer from the error accumulation problem and is more controllable than the autoregressive generation of sentences. In our experiments, we perform automatic evaluation on four attribute transfer benchmark datasets, and we show that our approach largely outperforms the existing systems that have 20 times more parameters. Additional empirical analyses further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Condensation in zero-range processes with a fast rate
Creators: name: Jatuviriyapornchai, Watthanan
name: Grosskinsky, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple zero-range process with constant rates and one fast rate for a particular occupation number, which diverges with the system size. Surprisingly, this minor modification induces a condensation transition in the thermodynamic limit, where the structure of the condensed phase depends on the scaling of the fast rate. We study this transition and its dependence on system parameters in detail on a rigorous level using size-biased sampling. This approach generalizes to any particle system with stationary product measures, and the techniques used in this paper provide a foundation for a more systematic understanding of condensing models with a non-trivial condensed phase.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
A simple device for automatic sampling of runoff for quality monitoring during rainfall events
Creators: name: Nieminen, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2000

description: The construction and operation of a new device for automatic sampling of runoff during rainfall events is described. It is easily made, simple to use, not vulnerable to operational disturbances, and inexpensive, thus allowing use at many sites with reasonable costs. The basic principle is to use the weight of the rain to trigger the sample collection. To test the utility of the device, runoff during rainfall events was collected at three catchments over the summer of 1994.
Smolting of two-year-old lower and upper size class of Saimaa landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago Girard) under fish farm conditions
Creators: name: Kiiskinen, P.
name: Huuskonen, H.
name: Hyvärinen, H.
name: Piironen, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: Smolt development was assessed in two-year-old lower and upper size class of hatchery-reared Saimaa landlocked salmon during January–July and late April–July, respectively. The fish in both size classes showed increased gill Na+,K+-ATPase during the spring suggesting smolting of these fish. The fish in the lower size class showed also a smolting-associated decrease in lipid content of muscle as spring progressed whereas the lipid content in upper-size-class fish appeared to increase during late April–May. The differences in lipid content of muscle as well as in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity between the groups may indicate the presence of non-smolting individuals among the fish sampled from upper size class. However, variation in these as well as other parameters was small. Thus, it is suggested that each class of juvenile Atlantic salmon shows a distinct developmental pattern of ionoregulation.
Automatic Variogram Modeling
Creators: Davila Saavedra, Luis A
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

The variogram characterizes the spatial variability of a regionalized variable. Variogram calculation and modeling require a significant amount of professional time. The variogram has a significant impact on estimation and simulation, and it has a considerable impact in the mining industry since ordinary kriging is one of the most used tools for resource estimation. This thesis proposes novel tools and techniques related to automatic variogram calculation.

The first contribution of this thesis is implementing a GSLIB-like program: autovar. This program calculates the variograms for disseminated and tabular deposits. Autovar prompts the user for some basic parameters only. Autovar implements all necessary steps to get the experimental variogram points and its model directly from the data. The program infers the principal directions of continuity by eigendecomposition of the inertia tensor, followed by an order of the vectors. Then, the program calculates the experimental variogram points and models them. This thesis considers standard guidelines for variogram calculation and modeling. Different search parameters are implemented based on the deposit type. An important functionality of the program is the geolocated option, which allows the identification of variability centred at points (anchor locations) selected by the practitioner.

The second contribution is a novel technique to estimate a block model using a mix of ordinary kriging models. This mixed estimation technique considers several block kriging models and mixes them at each node of the block model. Each estimated model has a different variogram as input, reflecting different continuity characteristics. The variograms used in the kriging estimations are outputs from the autovar program: a general variogram and geolocated variograms centred at each selected anchor location. The weights are calculated based on the distance from each node to the anchor points. The postprocessing step standardizes the weights to add up to one, ensuring that kriging is exact. Generally, this technique recognizes local variability better than a regular technique.

This thesis presents different examples to show the potential and limitations of the proposed methodologies. This research presents a comparison of the proposed workflows with regular methodologies. Finally, a summary of tests is shown at the end to compare the results of the mixed estimation methodology with a regular estimation workflow.
Population structure, growth and reproduction of the common mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) off the Island of Seili (SW Finland)
Creators: name: Antsulevich, A.E.
name: Maximovich, N.V.
name: Vuorinen, I.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: We studied the reproduction, population structure and growth of the common mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) off the Island of Seili in summer 1996. The discharge of gametes occurred from 26 July to 2 August. The breeding period was short and repeated spawning was not found. Density of mussels ranged from 1 250 to 16 730 ind. m–2 and biomass from 250 to 2 100 g m–2. Size of individuals (shell length) ranged from 0.6 mm (spat) to 44.0 mm (nine years old). The distribution of age groups in the mussel population demonstrates the stability of recruitment over several previous years. The most rapidly growing individuals (reaching up to 41 mm at the end of the seventh year) were registered at the depth of 8 m. The average growth rate of molluscs from different habitats did not vary. A Bertalanffy model of ontogenetic growth, based on seasonal changes in the water temperature, was constructed for the “average individual” of this population.
Megachile levilimba Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile levilimba

description: levilimba Vachal, new comb.
Megachile levilimba Vachal 1908: 241. Female. Type locality: Goyaz, Brazil. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Research Topics Pertaining to Cardiorespiratory Health in Newborn Medicine
Creators: Bitar, Eyad
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Preterm infants face many challenges, particularly concerning their cardiorespiratory health. Within this context, the management of apnea of prematurity (AOP) and the control of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) emerge as paramount concerns. This thesis consists of 2 projects. Chapter 2 is a randomized controlled trial protocol, that investigates the use of caffeine therapy in moderate and late premature infants (MLPT). Caffeine is a common medication in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) that is effective in reducing apnea episodes. This project aims to fill knowledge gaps related to the impact of caffeine on respiratory outcomes and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in MLPT infants, a population at risk that represents a substantial proportion of preterm births. Chapter 3 is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that explore the use of acetaminophen versus indomethacin for managing PDA in preterm infants. While indomethacin is a common treatment for PDA, acetaminophen offers an alternative that may have fewer side effects. The study demonstrates that acetaminophen is as effective as indomethacin in closing PDA, with the added benefit of reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and post-treatment azotemia.  These two projects highlight crucial aspects of the management of preterm infants. Caffeine may play a substantial role in improving both short- and long-term outcomes in MLPT. With its promising safety profile, acetaminophen emerges as a practical alternative for closing PDA. Both initiatives highlight the value of additional studies to enrich evidence and guide decision-making in neonatal cardiorespiratory care.
Hybrid Dealiased Convolutions
Creators: Murasko, Noel
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Efficient algorithms for computing linear convolutions based on the fast Fourier transform are developed. A hybrid approach is described that combines the conventional practice of explicit dealiasing (explicitly padding the input data with zeros) and implicit dealiasing (mathematically accounting for these zero values). The new approach generalizes implicit dealiasing to arbitrary padding ratios and includes explicit dealiasing as a special case. Unlike existing implementations of implicit dealiasing, hybrid dealiasing tailors its subtransform sizes to the convolution geometry. Hybrid dealiasing also extends implicit dealiasing to efficiently compute convolutions with real-valued inputs. Multidimensional convolutions are implemented with hybrid dealiasing by decomposing them into lower-dimensional convolutions. Convolutions of complex-valued, Hermitian symmetric, and real- valued inputs of equal length are illustrated with pseudocode and implemented in the open-source FFTW++ library. Hybrid dealiasing is shown to match or outperform explicit dealiasing in one dimension and greatly outperform explicit dealiasing in two and three dimensions.
Anger Is A Feeling Too: An exploration of emotional work and the effects of gender based Emotional Language Competency development in heterosexual relationships
Creators: Besoi, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

In order to maintain or regain harmony in a romantic relationship, couples must carry out emotional work. It is possible that this work is not equitably distributed across both partners. A number of emotions have been gendered and stigmatized within society over the evolution of humanity with significant impact on romantic couples. Sadness for example, is typically considered a feminine emotion, as it is “softer”, whereas anger is often considered a masculine emotion because it’s “tougher”. This delineation follows in romantic relationships with females expressing softer emotions and males expressing tougher ones. Emotions are a normal part of human experience. Emotional Language Competency (ELC) and Emotional Work (EW) are constructs that are important to explore within the context of a heterosexual romantic coupleship. This study examines the importance of ELC and EW within heterosexual romantic coupleships and the effects of gendering emotions on coupleships and the individuals within those couples. 30 heterosexual couples were interviewed, exploring their use of emotional language and how comfortable they felt using language to communicate about emotions. Another factor that was studied was the perception of stigmas in relation to emotions. A content analysis performed on the transcribed interview data revealed four themes: (Theme 1) Rates of expression of emotion are higher in females than in males, (Theme 2) Emotion is highly gendered; anger and frustration are acceptable for males even to the point of violence, (Theme 3) The only model of healthy/safe emotional expression is currently a female one; males feel more comfortable expressing emotion around females (especially in coupleships) and (Theme 4) Emotional equality and equity is desired by all and the steps necessary to achieve it.
Application of flow and transport models to the polluted Honkala aquifer, Säkylä, Finland
Creators: name: Artimo, A.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2002

description: High concentrations of tetrachloroethylene were discovered in groundwater samples taken from the Honkala aquifer in the municipality of Säkylä in southwestern Finland. The contamination was traced to a dry-cleaning laundry located close to a tributary esker which is connected to the Säkylänharju esker in the northeastern part of the area. The Weichselian and Holocene sediments of the area include till, sand and gravel and also glacial and postglacial clay deposits. The groundwater flows west towards Pyhäjärvi (a lake in the municipality of Säkylä). A study was launched to test the applicability of numerical groundwater models in developing an overview of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the area and prediction of the timing of natural attenuation. Modelling was conducted with the MODFLOW, MODFLOWP and MT3D codes, the resulting simulations indicating a natural attenuation time of more than 30 years would be required for the aquifer. Active aquifer restoration would require pumping and treatment of the polluted groundwater.
Survey-based assessment of recapture data for Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) in Lithuanian fisheries
Creators: name: Stakėnas, S.
name: Pilinkovskij, A.
name: Poviliūnas, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2021

description: Against the background of ongoing European activities since the mid-1990s to restore stocks of the extinct Atlantic sturgeon in the Baltic Sea region, from 2011–2018, a total of 6366 sturgeon have been tagged in Lithuania. Despite an information campaign, there has been a drastic decline of reported recaptures within this national, non-reward tagging study. Similar trends have been observed across the whole Atlantic sturgeon distribution area in the Baltic Sea. As commercial fisheries account for most recaptured tagged sturgeon, a survey of Lithuanian fisheries and analysis of fish landings during the 2014–2018 period was performed to evaluate conventional tagging study results. The survey data revealed that reporting rates of tagged sturgeon in Lithuanian territorial waters were 13.3% of the true numbers recaptured in the Curonian Lagoon and 19.3% in coastal Baltic waters. The results showed a marked difference between fishing gear types as the sturgeon bycatch in gill nets was up to eight times higher than in fyke nets. This study emphasized the vulnerability of stocked sturgeon to commercial fishing. The increasing use of fyke nets in conjunction with its lower bycatch of sturgeons could be a strong argument to limit gill net usage in order to reduce fishery-related mortality of sturgeon to safe limits.
Megachile lingulata, new comb
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile lingulata

description: l ingulata Vachal, new comb.
Megachile lingulata Vachal 1908: 230. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile nigella Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile nigella

description: nigella Vachal, new comb.
Megachile nigella Vachal 1908: 223 ­224. Female. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
ALGORITHMS FOR EVALUATING DATA ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE NUKUS DISTRICT
Creators: name: Qaypov, Aziz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, it will be explored the use of algorithms for evaluating data on the environmental conditions of agricultural land, using the example of the Nukus district. This case study will illustrate how algorithms and data analysis techniques can provide valuable information for farmers and policymakers to make informed decisions regarding land management and crop production. By harnessing the power of technology and data-driven approaches, we can enhance agricultural practices and ensure a more sustainable future for agriculture.
Characterizing temporal and spatial patterns of urban PM10 using six years of Finnish monitoring data
Creators: name: Anttila, P.
name: Salmi, T.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2006

description: Data from the Finnish Meteorological Institute's Air Quality Monitoring Data Management System (ILSE) for 1998–2003 were used to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of urban PM10 in Finland. Long term means of PM10 at 24 Finnish urban stations vary between 11 and 24 ug m–3. The seasonal variation of PM10 at all stations was dominated by the spring maximum. A strong influence of traffic on the urban PM10 concentrations is shown. However the highly synchronized day-to-day variation at a variety of sites across the country highlights the role of large scale weather patterns also in the formation of spring episodes. Every year, most often in August, September and October, there were also 1–5 irregular regional PM10 episodes, lasting from one day to six days and most likely caused by long-range transported particles. During these regional events, the PM10 concentrations may well reach the typical spring peak concentration levels.
Megachile opifex Smith, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile opifex

description: opifex Smith, new comb.
Megachile opifex Smith 1879: 71. Female and male. Female designated here as lectotype. Type locality: São Paulo [de Olivença], Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: BNHM 17a2446. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Methods for Ultra-Wideband Radar Imaging of Low Contrast, Low Radar Cross Section Targets
Creators: Winter, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems have been used as sensing and imaging tools for many industrial needs, and many more applications of the technology are currently under investigation. This research attempts to solve some of the issues UWB time domain synthetic aperture radar (SAR) faces in imaging applications regarding low contrast target imaging.

First, this work investigates the near-field UWB antennas for time-domain radiation and pulse shaping in the near-field. It proposes a new technique and calibration methods to quantify the near-field effects, such as superluminal propagation of the signal on imaging. Then it uses this information to improve the image quality in SAR processing. The near-field imaging technique is validated experimentally.

Second, a new miniaturized antenna is proposed for pulse radiation. This antenna is used to investigate the performance of time-domain and frequency-domain imaging techniques. Different metrics, such as phase center control for time-domain antenna design, are presented. The radiated pulse shape and pulse-peak velocity in different directions are characterized.

Third, a method is presented which can augment the data from arbitrary aperture locations to improve the image quality in case of an obscure target location. This method is validated and demonstrates the ability to enhance the quality of images and readability of target features under challenging measuring scenarios.

Fourth, a new processing technique is presented to consider the variable group velocity of the signal, in the case of a multi-layered medium, to the Global Back-Projection (GBP) algorithm. This technique is shown to produce higher-quality images. This technique is validated using experimental data. Succeeding this point, a time domain alternative to harmonic radar is presented. The technique is shown theoretically and using basic experiments. This technique shows promise to be used to find and track non-linear objects.
Nonreciprocal Nonlinear Responses in Moving Charge Density Waves
Creators: name: Xie, Ying-Ming
name: Isobe, Hiroki
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The incommensurate charge density wave states (CDWs) can exhibit steady motion in the flow limit after depinning, behaving as a nonequilibrium system with time-dependent states. Since the moving CDW, like an electric current, breaks both time-reversal and inversion symmetries, one may speculate the emergence of nonreciprocal nonlinear responses from such motion. However, the moving CDW order parameter is intrinsically time-dependent in the lab frame, and it is known to be challenging to evaluate the responses of such a time-varying system. In this work, following the principle of Galilean relativity, we resolve this time-dependent hard problem in the lab frame by mapping the system to the comoving frame with static CDW states through the Galilean transformation. We explicitly show that the nonreciprocal nonlinear responses would be generated by the movement of CDW states through violating Galilean relativity.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Climate change and water resources in Finland
Creators: name: Vehviläinen, B.
name: Huttunen, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1997

description: The effects of climate change on water resources in Finland have been evaluated by conceptual watershed models. The central SILMU scenario is used as a climate change approximation for the future. The evaluated water balance terms are areal corrected precipitation, evapotranspiration, lake evaporation, water equivalent of snow, soil moisture, groundwater and runoff. Changes in the mean values and seasonal distributions of river discharges and lake water levels are also presented. The precipitation and temperature increases assumed by the central SILMU-scenario will not essentially affect annual water balance, but will strongly change the seasonal distribution of runoff and other water balance terms. Snow cover will diminish or almost vanish and its duration will be shortened by one to four months in different scenario runs due to warming. The winters will become wetter and snow-free due to increased precipitation and frequent thawing periods. Spring floods will diminish or vanish and winter floods will occur instead. The summers will become drier due to the longer summer season and increased evapotranspiration and lake evaporation.
Improved Resource Estimates with Multiple Data Types
Creators: Kim, Jinpyo
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

Multiple data types should be used simultaneously to improve resource estimation models. The multivariate relationship between the data is required. One common approach involves using decorrelation transformation techniques to simplify complex relationships, but this method relies on having collocated data. With heterotopic data, these techniques cannot be applied.

A Data Error Model (DEM) is developed as a solution to the challenge of using multiple data types that are not sampled at the same location. This model quantifies relationships between different types of data, even if they are not collocated. The workflow of DEM involves pairing analysis to understand the relationships between variables at different locations. The parameters of the DEM account for errors and biases in different data types. The DEM describes the relationships that emerge in pairing analysis with primary and secondary data types. Applying the DEM to simulated primary data produces collocated secondary data distributions. This allows us to obtain the relationships between two variables.

The thesis proposes a method to improve the accuracy of resource estimation models by facilitating the use of multiple data types. The DEM is used to infer the relationships between different types of data, even if they are not collocated. The relationship inferred from DEM can be expressed as a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), which underlies the conditional distribution needed to impute collocated primary or error-free values. Imputation allows for the creation of estimation models conditioning to primary variable and secondary variable data. A case study using data from a Nevada gold mine demonstrates the improved estimates.
Megachile pamperella Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile pamperella

description: pamperella Vachal, new comb.
Megachile pamperella Vachal 1908: 239. Female and male. Female designated here as lectotype. Type locality: Valley Parana, Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Hypselostoma annamiticum Mollendorff 1900
Creators: name: Gojšina, Vukašin
name: Hunyadi, András
name: Sutcharit, Chirasak
name: Tongkerd, Piyoros
name: Auffenberg, Kurt
name: Grego, Jozef
name: Vermeulen, Jaap J.
name: Reischütz, Alexander
name: Páll-Gergely, Barna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Hypselostomatidae
Hypselostoma
Hypselostoma annamiticum

description: Hypselostoma annamiticum Möllendorff, 1900
Figs 111 C, 116, 154
Hypselostoma annamiticum Möllendorff, 1900: 133.
Hypselostoma annamiticum — Möllendorff 1901 a: 50; Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904: 408; Pilsbry 1917: 180–181; Zilch 1984: 161; van Benthem Jutting 1950: 41.
Hypselostoma annamiticum altius Pilsbry, 1917: 181, pl. 31, figs 11–13. syn. nov.
Hypselostoma annamiticum altius — van Benthem Jutting 1950: 41; Schileyko 2011: 3.
Hypselostoma annamiticum annamiticum — Schileyko 2011: 3.
Type material examined.
Vietnam • holotype of H. annamiticum annamiticum; “ Phuc-Son, Touranne, Annam ”; ex. coll. Möllendorff; SMF 4871 • 11 paratypes of H. annamiticum annamiticum; same data as for the holotype; ex. coll. Möllendorff; SMF 4872 • 1 paralectotype of H. annamiticum altius; from the type locality; ANSP 45167.
Type localities.
“ Phuc-son ”, Vietnam (H. annamiticum annamiticum), “ Annam (Fruhstorfer) ”, Vietnam (H. annamiticum altius).
Differential diagnosis.
This species is superficially similar and geographically approximate to A. turritus sp. nov., but the suture of this species is shallower, the shell is more slender, the umbilicus is wider and the apertural dentition is also different (no concrescent barriers on the parietal side in the new species vs angulo-parietal lamella in H. annamiticum).
Distribution.
This species is known only from Annam, Vietnam.
Remarks.
Holotype of H. annamiticum annamiticum has a vestigial lamella between the columellar lamella and angulo-parietal lamella. Some paratypes do not have this lamella or it is further less developed, sometimes also located much deeper inside the aperture. In some specimens, upper palatal plica has an additional palatal tubercle which is sometimes connected with the former. Hypselostoma annamiticum altius is synonymised with the nominotypical subspecies since we could observe no morphological differences. The fact that it is higher than the nominotypical subspecies (Pilsbry 1917) does not seem to justify its distinctness.
description: Published as part of Gojšina, Vukašin, Hunyadi, András, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Auffenberg, Kurt, Grego, Jozef, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Reischütz, Alexander & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2025, A new start? Revision of the genera Anauchen, Bensonella, Gyliotrachela and Hypselostoma (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) of Southeast Asia with description of 46 new species, pp. 1-338 in ZooKeys 1235 on pages 1-338, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1235.145281
Comparing field inventory with mechanistic modelling and light-use efficiency modelling based approaches for estimating forest net primary productivity at a regional level
Creators: name: Dubber, W.
name: Eklundh, L.
name: Lagergren, F.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2017

description: Monitoring of forest carbon fluxes for the purpose of national greenhouse-gas inventorying and reporting are commonly based on repeated large-scale field measurements. Alternate approaches based on modelling of forest growth offers potential benefits such as cost savings and detailed assessments of involved carbon fluxes. We calculated the net primary productivity (NPP) of Swedish forests using two methods based on mechanistic and light use efficiency (LUE) modelling. The results were evaluated using data from traditional field inventories, and showed large variations in calculated NPP for the two methods. The national mean NPP for each method ranged between 0.35 and 0.59 kg C m–2 year–1, with an average regional difference of ±50%. Despite the large differences in calculated NPP, mechanistic modelling was promising for estimating the spatial distribution with an r2 value of 0.92 for predicting NPP of mainland Sweden.
Analysis of canopy gap present in tropical dry forests using Airborne LiDAR System (ALS) at the Santa Rosa Environmental Monitoring Super Site, Costa Rica
Creators: Lei, Xinyu
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2024

This thesis is divided into three sections: Introduction, Chapter 2, and Conclusion.

The Introduction provides the research background for the study. Tropical areas play an important role in the whole ecological environment, but their survival status is worrying. As an important part of it, the tropical dry forest has special ecological characteristics, such as secondary succession. The secondary forest can be divided into three stages: early, intermediate, and late stages. In the exploration of the tropical forest succession mechanisms, the definition of forest gap is proposed, and with continuous further research, the definition of forest gap is changing. However, no matter how the definition of the gap changes, the forest gap plays an irreplaceable role in the regeneration and succession of the forest. With the development and progress of science and technology, remote sensing technology has gradually become an emerging means for scientists to explore the characteristics of forests, especially LiDAR technology, which provides more three-dimensional and detailed data acquisition for forest research.

The second part is a complete paper showing the feasibility of LiDAR in the TDF canopy research. First, it proves the operability of LiDAR technology in the detection of canopy gap. We can draw a complete and accurate gap distribution map through LiDAR point cloud data. Second, based on previous academic studies, the successional stages of the secondary forest in SRNP-EMSS were redefined. Third, the depth of gaps for different types was quantified, yielding the accurate range. Fourth, compared to the results of previous studies of related tropical forest gaps, the λ-values (Asner et al., 2013) of the gap-size frequency distribution endemic to tropical forests are shown to be in the same range.

The third section concludes with the highlights and shortcomings of the study.
Long-term fluctuations in environmental conditions, plankton and macrophytes in a humic lake, Valkea-Kotinen
Creators: name: Keskitalo, J.
name: Salonen, K.
name: Holopainen, A.-L.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1998

description: The water of lake Valkea-Kotinen has become acidified to pH ca. 5. In agreement with the decreased deposition of acidifying compounds, the results for 1990–96 indicated no further acidification. However, coverage of the bottom surface by underwater Sphagnum moss still increased markedly between 1990 and 1994, possibly due to its slow colonisation and slow recovery of the lake. Phytoplankton primary production, chlorophyll and phytoplankton biomass seemed to respond to factors linked with varying weather conditions. Water inflow from the catchment area and the extent of spring circulation were identified as major factors causing the observed changes. The high dominance of Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae) in late summer suggested that, in addition to environmental variables, the behavioural strategies of individual species may also have a strong influence on the diversity and biomass of phytoplankton. Among zooplankton there was a dramatic change in 1993 when a rotifer, Kellicottia bostoniensis, suddenly became the most abundant species. This cannot be attributable to the other measured variables and may have been a random occurrence. Overall, the results suggest that 7-year time series may be too short to draw definite conclusions about possible trends. On the other hand the results demonstrated that weekly observations are, in most cases, necessary for finding interrelationships between hydrological and biological factors in small headwater lakes.
Hooking mortality of small brown trout and grayling in Finnish rivers catch and release fisheries
Creators: name: Turunen, T.
name: Suuronen, P.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1996

description: Experiments to evaluate post-capture hooking mortality caused by widely used flies and other angling-gear types for brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus (L.)) in catch and release fishing were conducted in four typical Finnish rivers. Most of the fish caught were smaller than the legal minimum size. The average total body length (± 95% confidence limit) of brown trout (n = 380) was 19.3 ± 0.4 cm and 30.4 ± 1.3 cm, respectively, in the two main research areas. The average length of grayling was 26.6 ± 1.1 cm (n = 60). Mortality was estimated by returning released fish into wire-cages that were held in the river. The duration of caging was usually 3 days. Only three (i.e. 1%) brown trout died. No mortality occurred among grayling. The most visible injury in dying brown trout was bleeding in the gills caused by hooking. Because hooking-mortality for these species was almost non-existent, no relation could be established between mortality and fish size, gear type, and water temperature. Potential factors for the low mortality rate in our study are the relative short playing times and careful handling of released fish. The low hooking mortality of brown trout and grayling supports the concept of catch and release fishing.