cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Latency Locus Complements MicroRNA 155 Deficiency In Vivo
Creators: name: Sin, S.-H.
name: Kim, Y. B.
name: Dittmer, D. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is expressed in many cancers. It also executes evolutionary conserved functions in normal B cell development. We show that the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency locus, which contains an ortholog of miR-155, miR-K12-11, complements B cell deficiencies in miR-155 knockout mice. Germinal center (GC) formation was rescued in spleen, lymph node, and Peyer's patches. Immunoglobulin levels were restored. This demonstrates that KSHV can complement the normal, physiological function of miR-155.
Breves consideraciones de por qué ocurre el fenómeno de la sobrepoblación penitenciaria en Panamá y sugerencia de cómo se podría enfrentar
Creators: name: Miller, Admiralda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: fenómeno de la sobrepoblación penitenciaria

description: Este breve ensayo tiene como fin proporcionar información actualizada sobre la sobrepoblación penitenciaria en Panamá, y cómo se puede dar solución a este fenómeno
Additional file 3 of Physiotherapists’ knowledge of and adherence to evidence-based practice guidelines and recommendations for ankle sprains management: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Caffini, Giulia
name: Battista, Simone
name: Raschi, Andrea
name: Testa, Marco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Maribavir Inhibits Epstein-Barr Virus Transcription through the EBV Protein Kinase
Creators: name: Wang, F.-Z.
name: Law, M.
name: Dittmer, D. P.
name: Whitehurst, C. B.
name: Xiong, J.
name: Pagano, J. S.
name: Sanders, M. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Maribavir (MBV) inhibits Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication and the enzymatic activity of the viral protein kinase BGLF4. MBV also inhibits expression of multiple EBV transcripts during EBV lytic infection. Here we demonstrate, with the use of a BGLF4 knockout virus, that effects of MBV on transcription take place primarily through inhibition of BGLF4. MBV inhibits viral genome copy numbers and infectivity to levels similar to and exceeding levels produced by BGLF4 knockout virus.
Mechanistic Insights into the Enhancement of Adeno-Associated Virus Transduction by Proteasome Inhibitors
Creators: name: Samulski, R. Jude
name: Mitchell, Angela M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Proteasome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib, MG132) are known to enhance adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction; however, whether this results from pleotropic proteasome inhibition or off-target serine and/or cysteine protease inhibition remains unresolved. Here, we examined recombinant AAV (rAAV) effects of a new proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, which specifically inhibits chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity and no other proteases. We determined that proteasome inhibitors act on rAAV through proteasome inhibition and not serine or cysteine protease inhibition, likely through positive changes late in transduction.
Additional file 1 of Intestinal gluconeogenesis is downregulated in pediatric patients with celiac disease
Creators: name: Karlson, Olof
name: Arnell, Henrik
name: Gudjonsdottir, Audur H.
name: Agardh, Daniel
name: Torinsson Naluai, Åsa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Traits listed in the GWAS Catalog for the GLS/STAT1/STAT4 region ( https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas ) and the most associated SNP reported for each trait including their reported eQTLs* in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) portal ( https://www.gtexportal.org ).
MicroRNA-27a Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Human Hepatoma Cells
Creators: name: Yamashita, T.
name: Lemon, S. M.
name: Kaneko, S.
name: Yi, M.
name: Shimakami, T.
name: Watanabe, R.
name: Murakami, S.
name: Shirasaki, T.
name: Horii, R.
name: Sakai, Y.
name: Sakai, A.
name: Honda, M.
name: Okada, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The replication and infectivity of the lipotropic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are regulated by cellular lipid status. Among differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs), we found that miR-27a was preferentially expressed in HCV-infected liver over hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected liver. Gene expression profiling of Huh-7.5 cells showed that miR-27a regulates lipid metabolism by targeting the lipid synthetic transcription factor RXRα and the lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1. In addition, miR-27a repressed the expression of many lipid metabolism-related genes, including FASN, SREBP1, SREBP2, PPARα, and PPARγ, as well as ApoA1, ApoB100, and ApoE3, which are essential for the production of infectious viral particles. miR-27a repression increased the cellular lipid content, decreased the buoyant density of HCV particles from 1.13 to 1.08 g/cm3, and increased viral replication and infectivity. miR-27a overexpression substantially decreased viral infectivity. Furthermore, miR-27a enhanced in vitro interferon (IFN) signaling, and patients who expressed high levels of miR-27a in the liver showed a more favorable response to pegylated IFN and ribavirin combination therapy. Interestingly, the expression of miR-27a was upregulated by HCV infection and lipid overload through the adipocyte differentiation transcription factor C/EBPα. In turn, upregulated miR-27a repressed HCV infection and lipid storage in cells. Thus, this negative feedback mechanism might contribute to the maintenance of a low viral load and would be beneficial to the virus by allowing it to escape host immune surveillance and establish a persistent chronic HCV infection.
On the Core Deuterium-Tritium Fuel Ratio and Temperature Measurements in DEMO
Creators: name: Kiptily, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparing with ITER, the experimental fusion machine under constraction, the next step test fusion power plant, DEMO will be characterized by very long pulse/steady-state operation and much higher plasma volume and fusion power. The substantially increased level of neutron and gamma fluxes will require reducing the physical access to the plant. It means some conventional diagnostics for the fusion plasma control will be not suitable in DEMO. Development of diagnostics along with the machine design is a primary task for the test plant. The deuterium- tritium fuel ratio and temperature are among important parameters, which should be under control. In this letter a novel technique for the core fuel ratio and temperature diagnostics is proposed. It is based on measurements and comparison of the rates T(p,γ)4He and D(T,γ)5He nuclear reactions that take place in the hot deuterium-tritium plasma. Based on detection of high energy gamma-rays, this diagnostic is robust, efficient and does not require direct access to the plasma. It could be included in the loop of the burning plasma control system. A feasibility of the diagnostic in experiments on JET and ITER is also discussed.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Optical Time-Series Photometry of the Symbiotic Nova V1835 Aquilae
Creators: name: Caddy, Robert V.
name: Layden, Andrew C.
name: Reichart, Daniel E.
name: Haislip, Joshua B.
name: Kouprianov, Vladimir V.
name: Ivarsen, Kevin M.
name: Moore, Justin P.
name: LaCluyze, Aaron P.
name: Linder, Tyler R.
name: Nysewander, Melissa C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-series CCD photometry in the $BVRI$ passbands of the recently identified symbiotic nova V1835 Aquilae (NSV 11749) over an interval of 5.1 years with 7-14 day cadence, observed during its quiescence. We find slow light variations with a range of $\sim$0.9 mag in $V$ and $\sim$0.3 mag in $I$. Analysis of these data show strong periodicity at $419 \pm 10$ days, which we interpret to be the system's orbital period. A dip in the otherwise-sinusoidal phased light curve suggests a weak ellipsoidal effect due to tidal distortion of the giant star, which in turn opens the possibility that V1835 Aql transfers some of its mass to the hot component via Roche lobe overflow rather than via a stellar wind. We also find evidence that V1835 Aql is an S-type symbiotic star, relatively free of circumstellar dust, and include it among the nuclear burning group of symbiotics. Finally, we provide photometry, periods, and light curve classifications for 22 variable stars in the field around V1835 Aql, about half of which are newly identified.
description: Main Paper: 28 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables. Supplement: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. To be published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
The equivalent refraction index for the acoustic scattering by many small obstacles: with error estimates
Creators: name: Ahmad, Bashir
name: Challa, Durga Prasad
name: Kirane, Mokhtar
name: Sini, Mourad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $M$ be the number of bounded and Lipschitz regular obstacles $D_j, j:=1, ..., M$ having a maximum radius $a$, $a<<1$, located in a bounded domain $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^3$. We are concerned with the acoustic scattering problem with a very large number of obstacles, as $M:=M(a):=O(a^{-1})$, $a\rightarrow 0$, when they are arbitrarily distributed in $Ω$ with a minimum distance between them of the order $d:=d(a):=O(a^t)$ with $t$ in an appropriate range. We show that the acoustic farfields corresponding to the scattered waves by this collection of obstacles, taken to be soft obstacles, converge uniformly in terms of the incident as well the propagation directions, to the one corresponding to an acoustic refraction index as $a\rightarrow 0$. This refraction index is given as a product of two coefficients $C$ and $K$, where the first one is related to the geometry of the obstacles (precisely their capacitance) and the second one is related to the local distribution of these obstacles. In addition, we provide explicit error estimates, in terms of $a$, in the case when the obstacles are locally the same (i.e. have the same capacitance, or the coefficient $C$ is piecewise constant) in $Ω$ and the coefficient $K$ is H$\ddot{\mbox{o}}$lder continuous. These approximations can be applied, in particular, to the theory of acoustic materials for the design of refraction indices by perforation using either the geometry of the holes, i.e. the coefficient $C$, or their local distribution in a given domain $Ω$, i.e. the coefficient $K$.
description: 22pages, 2 figures
Multiple Roles for Sialylated Glycans in Determining the Cardiopulmonary Tropism of Adeno-Associated Virus 4
Creators: name: Pulicherla, N.
name: Asokan, A.
name: Shen, S.
name: Troupes, A. N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Adeno-associated virus 4 (AAV4) is one of the most divergent serotypes among known AAV isolates. Mucins or O-linked sialoglycans have been identified as the primary attachment receptors for AAV4 in vitro. However, little is known about the role(s) played by sialic acid interactions in determining AAV4 tissue tropism in vivo. In the current study, we first characterized two loss-of-function mutants obtained by screening a randomly mutated AAV4 capsid library. Both mutants harbored several amino acid residue changes localized to the 3-fold icosahedral symmetry axes on the AAV4 capsid and displayed low transduction efficiency in vitro. This defect was attributed to decreased cell surface binding as well as uptake of mutant virions. These results were further corroborated by low transgene expression and recovery of mutant viral genomes in cardiac and lung tissue following intravenous administration in mice. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed rapid clearance of AAV4 mutants from the blood circulation in conjunction with low hemagglutination potential ex vivo. These results were recapitulated with mice pretreated intravenously with sialidase, directly confirming the role of sialic acids in determining AAV4 tissue tropism. Taken together, our results support the notion that blood-borne AAV4 particles interact sequentially with O-linked sialoglycans expressed abundantly on erythrocytes followed by cardiopulmonary tissues and subsequently for viral cell entry.
Structure and Dynamics of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 1 VP1-Unique N-Terminal Domain and Its Role in Capsid Trafficking
Creators: name: McKenna, R.
name: Bennett, A.
name: Venkatakrishnan, B.
name: Yarbrough, J.
name: Domsic, J.
name: Agbandje-McKenna, M.
name: Muzyczka, N.
name: Samulski, R. J.
name: Kozyreva, O. G.
name: Bothner, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The importance of the phospholipase A2 domain located within the unique N terminus of the capsid viral protein VP1 (VP1u) in parvovirus infection has been reported. This study used computational methods to characterize the VP1 sequence for adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1 to 12 and circular dichroism and electron microscopy to monitor conformational changes in the AAV1 capsid induced by temperature and the pHs encountered during trafficking through the endocytic pathway. Circular dichroism was also used to monitor conformational changes in AAV6 capsids assembled from VP2 and VP3 or VP1, VP2, and VP3 at pH 7.5. VP1u was predicted (computationally) and confirmed (in solution) to be structurally ordered. This VP domain was observed to undergo a reversible pH-induced unfolding/refolding process, a loss/gain of α-helical structure, which did not disrupt the capsid integrity and is likely facilitated by its difference in isoelectric point compared to the other VP sequences assembling the capsid. This study is the first to physically document conformational changes in the VP1u region that likely facilitate its externalization from the capsid interior during infection and establishes the order of events in the escape of the AAV capsid from the endosome en route to the nucleus.
Additional file 2 of Intestinal gluconeogenesis is downregulated in pediatric patients with celiac disease
Creators: name: Karlson, Olof
name: Arnell, Henrik
name: Gudjonsdottir, Audur H.
name: Agardh, Daniel
name: Torinsson Naluai, Åsa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Demographic table summarizing patient characteristics.
The Open Chromatin Landscape of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Creators: name: Dittmer, D. P.
name: Simon, J. M.
name: Damania, B.
name: Lieb, J. D.
name: Hilton, I. B.
name: Davis, I. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus which establishes latent infection in endothelial and B cells, as well as in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). During latency, the viral genome exists as a circular DNA minichromosome (episome) and is packaged into chromatin analogous to human chromosomes. Only a small subset of promoters, those which drive latent RNAs, are active in latent episomes. In general, nucleosome depletion (“open chromatin”) is a hallmark of eukaryotic regulatory elements such as promoters and transcriptional enhancers or insulators. We applied formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) followed by next-generation sequencing to identify regulatory elements in the KSHV genome and integrated these data with previously identified locations of histone modifications, RNA polymerase II occupancy, and CTCF binding sites. We found that (i) regions of open chromatin were not restricted to the transcriptionally defined latent loci; (ii) open chromatin was adjacent to regions harboring activating histone modifications, even at transcriptionally inactive loci; and (iii) CTCF binding sites fell within regions of open chromatin with few exceptions, including the constitutive LANA promoter and the vIL6 promoter. FAIRE-identified nucleosome depletion was similar among B and endothelial cell lineages, suggesting a common viral genome architecture in all forms of latency.
Pemetaan Topik Penelitian seputar Pengaruh Variabel Makroekonomi: Studi Bibliometrik VOSviewer dan Literature Review
Creators: name: Budianto, Eka Wahyu Hestya
name: Dewi, Nindi Dwi Tetria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Makroekonomi
Bibliometrik
VOSviewer
Literature Review

description: This study aims to determine the development of research around influence of Macroeconomic variables. The research was conducted from 1997 to 2022, by searching national and international journals indexed by Google Scholar, Sinta, and Scopus via the Perish/Harzing application, with the keyword "Macroeconomics". Based on the search results, there were 441 research articles, then inputted into the VOSviewer application and analyzed descriptively through a literature review study. The results showed that the number of publications had increased significantly every year. Furthermore, based on the results detected using the VOSviewer application, research related to influence of Macroeconomic variables is divided into 5 clusters and 139 items. Meanwhile, based on the results of a literature review study, there are 2 main themes related to influence of Macroeconomic variables.
Orientation-dependent magnetism and orbital structure of strained YTiO$_3$ films on LaAlO$_3$ substrates
Creators: name: Huang, Xin
name: Xu, Qingyu
name: Dong, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strain tuned magnetism of YTiO$_3$ film grown on the LaAlO$_3$ ($110$) substrate is studied by the method of the first principles, and compared with that of the ($001$)-oriented one. The obtained magnetism is totally different, which is ferromagnetic for the film on the ($110$) substrate but A-type antiferromagnetic on the ($001$) one. This orientation-dependent magnetism is attributed to the subtle orbital ordering of YTiO$_3$ film. The $d_{xz}$/$d_{yz}$-type orbital ordering is predominant for the ($001$) one, but for the ($110$) case, the $d_{xy}$ orbital is mostly occupied plus a few contribution from the $d_{xz}$/$d_{yz}$ orbital. Moreover, the lattice mismatch is modest for the ($110$) case but more serious for the ($001$) one, which is also responsible for this contrasting magnetism.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; Proceeding of the 59th Annual Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM) Conference
Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Hala
name: Nave, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new experimental hyperfine structure (HFS) constants of neutral and singly ionized scandium (Sc I and Sc II). We observed spectra of Sc-Ar and Sc-Ne hollow cathode discharges in the region 200-2500 nm (50,000-4000 cm$^{-1}$) using Fourier transform spectrometers. The measurements show significant HFS patterns in 1431 spectral lines fitted in our 12 spectra given in Table 1. These were fitted using the computer package Xgremlin to determine the magnetic dipole hyperfine interaction constant (A) for 185 levels in Sc i and 6 levels in Sc II, of which 80 Sc I levels had no previous measurements. The uncertainty in the HFS A constant is between 1 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$ and 5 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$ cm$^{-1}$.
description: 13 pages, 2 Figures, 5 Tables
The Viral Interferon Regulatory Factors of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Differ in Their Inhibition of Interferon Activation Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 3
Creators: name: West, J. A.
name: Jacobs, S. R.
name: Heise, M. T.
name: Wollish, A. C.
name: Blackbourn, D. J.
name: Bennett, C. L.
name: Gregory, S. M.
name: Damania, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection is correlated with three human malignancies and can establish lifelong latent infection in multiple cell types within its human host. In order to establish and maintain infection, KSHV utilizes multiple mechanisms to evade the host immune response. One such mechanism is the expression of a family of genes with homology to cellular interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs), known as viral IRFs (vIRFs). We demonstrate here that KSHV vIRF1, -2, and -3 have a differential ability to block type I interferon signaling mediated by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a receptor we have previously shown to be activated upon KSHV infection. vIRF1, -2, and -3 inhibited TLR3-driven activation of IFN transcription reporters. However, only vIRF1 and vIRF2 inhibited increases in both IFN-β message and protein levels following TLR3 activation. The expression of vIRF1 and vIRF2 also allowed for increased replication of a virus known to activate TLR3 signaling. Furthermore, vIRF1 and vIRF2 may block TLR3-mediated signaling via different mechanisms. Altogether, this report indicates that vIRFs are able to block IFN mediated by TLRs but that each vIRF has a unique function and mechanism for blocking antiviral IFN responses.
Pemetaan Topik Penelitian Seputar Quick Ratio pada Perbankan Syariah dan Konvensional: Studi Bibliometrik VOSviewer dan Literature Review
Creators: name: Budianto, Eka Wahyu Hestya
name: Dewi, Nindi Dwi Tetria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Quick Ratio
Perbankan Syariah dan Konvensional
Bibliometrik
VOSviewer
Literature Review

description: This study aims to determine the research mapping regarding the Quick Ratio using a mix-method approach, namely the VOSviewer bibliometric study and literature review. Data analysis techniques include: (1) mapping the distribution of journal publications around the Quick Ratio; (2) mapping the results of the VOSviewer bibliometric visualization around the Quick Ratio based on the number of clusters and their items; and (3) mapping research topics around the Quick Ratio using a literature review study. The results showed that: (1) based on the distribution of journal publications, there were 50 journal publications regarding the Quick Ratio; (2) based on the mapping of the VOSviewer bibliometric study, the network visualization results around the Quick Ratio are divided into 7 clusters and 71 topic items; (3) based on the mapping of literature review studies, there are 6 effects around the Quick Ratio. The difference between this research and previous research is that this research explains and maps all research topics around Quick Ratio, so that future researchers can find out research gaps about Quick Ratio. The implication and contribution of this research is that there is a mapping of research topics around Quick Ratio that are often or rarely researched by researchers, so that they can be a reference for future researchers.
Opening and reversible control of a wide energy gap in uniform monolayer graphene
Creators: name: Jeon, Cheolho
name: Shin, Ha-Chul
name: Song, Inkyung
name: Kim, Minkook
name: Park, Ji-Hoon
name: Nam, Jungho
name: Oh, Dong-Hwa
name: Woo, Sunhee
name: Hwang, Chan-Cuk
name: Park, Chong-Yun
name: Ahn, Joung Real
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For graphene to be used in semiconductor applications, a wide energy gap of at least 0.5 eV at the Dirac energy must be opened without the introduction of atomic defects. However, such a wide energy gap has not been realized in graphene, except in the cases of narrow, chemically terminated graphene nanostructures with inevitable edge defects. Here, we demonstrated that a wide energy gap of 0.74 eV, which is larger than that of germanium, could be opened in uniform monolayer graphene without the introduction of atomic defects into graphene. The wide energy gap was opened through the adsorption of self-assembled twisted sodium nanostrips. Furthermore, the energy gap was reversibly controllable through the alternate adsorption of sodium and oxygen. The opening of such a wide energy gap with minimal degradation of mobility could improve the applicability of graphene in semiconductor devices, which would result in a major advancement in graphene technology.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
A Single-Amino-Acid Polymorphism in Chikungunya Virus E2 Glycoprotein Influences Glycosaminoglycan Utilization
Creators: name: Morrison, T. E.
name: Dermody, T. S.
name: Lyles, D. S.
name: Silva, L. A.
name: Khomandiak, S.
name: Heise, M. T.
name: Ashbrook, A. W.
name: Weller, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging arbovirus responsible for outbreaks of infection throughout Asia and Africa, causing an acute illness characterized by fever, rash, and polyarthralgia. Although CHIKV infects a broad range of host cells, little is known about how CHIKV binds and gains access to the target cell interior. In this study, we tested whether glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding is required for efficient CHIKV replication using CHIKV vaccine strain 181/25 and clinical isolate SL15649. Preincubation of strain 181/25, but not SL15649, with soluble GAGs resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of infection. While parental Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are permissive for both strains, neither strain efficiently bound to or infected mutant CHO cells devoid of GAG expression. Although GAGs appear to be required for efficient binding of both strains, they exhibit differential requirements for GAGs, as SL15649 readily infected cells that express excess chondroitin sulfate but that are devoid of heparan sulfate, whereas 181/25 did not. We generated a panel of 181/25 and SL15649 variants containing reciprocal amino acid substitutions at positions 82 and 318 in the E2 glycoprotein. Reciprocal exchange at residue 82 resulted in a phenotype switch; Gly82 results in efficient infection of mutant CHO cells but a decrease in heparin binding, whereas Arg82 results in reduced infectivity of mutant cells and an increase in heparin binding. These results suggest that E2 residue 82 is a primary determinant of GAG utilization, which likely mediates attenuation of vaccine strain 181/25.
Optimization of FPGA-based CNN Accelerators Using Metaheuristics
Creators: name: Sait, Sadiq M.
name: El-Maleh, Aiman
name: Altakrouri, Mohammad
name: Shawahna, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated their ability to solve problems in many fields and with accuracy that was not possible before. However, this comes with extensive computational requirements, which made general CPUs unable to deliver the desired real-time performance. At the same time, FPGAs have seen a surge in interest for accelerating CNN inference. This is due to their ability to create custom designs with different levels of parallelism. Furthermore, FPGAs provide better performance per watt compared to GPUs. The current trend in FPGA-based CNN accelerators is to implement multiple convolutional layer processors (CLPs), each of which is tailored for a subset of layers. However, the growing complexity of CNN architectures makes optimizing the resources available on the target FPGA device to deliver optimal performance more challenging. In this paper, we present a CNN accelerator and an accompanying automated design methodology that employs metaheuristics for partitioning available FPGA resources to design a Multi-CLP accelerator. Specifically, the proposed design tool adopts simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS) algorithms to find the number of CLPs required and their respective configurations to achieve optimal performance on a given target FPGA device. Here, the focus is on the key specifications and hardware resources, including digital signal processors, block RAMs, and off-chip memory bandwidth. Experimental results and comparisons using four well-known benchmark CNNs are presented demonstrating that the proposed acceleration framework is both encouraging and promising. The SA-/TS-based Multi-CLP achieves 1.31x - 2.37x higher throughput than the state-of-the-art Single-/Multi-CLP approaches in accelerating AlexNet, SqueezeNet 1.1, VGGNet, and GoogLeNet architectures on the Xilinx VC707 and VC709 FPGA boards.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, 9 tables. in The Journal of Supercomputing, 2022
Phase Locked Loop of the Spin-Torque Nanooscillator
Creators: name: Mitrofanov, Alexander A.
name: Safin, Ansar R.
name: Udalov, Nicolay N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the dynamics of a spin-torque nanooscillator's (STNO) phase locked loop (PLL) generating microwave oscillations in a broad range of frequencies under the effect of direct current and external magnetic field. Bifurcations in the system caused by a change in the frequency detuning of synchronized oscillations are considered. Bands of phase locking and synchronism are determined. The existence of a phase locking band in the filterless PLL of STNOs basically distinguishes these oscillators from other types of microwave generators.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
title: EU collective identity and EU restrictive measures
Creators: name: Charnagalov, Alla
Year: 2023

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht mögliche Auswirkungen von EU Sanktionen auf die kollektive Identität der EU. Im Konkreten soll eine qualitative Analyse der Verabschiedung von EU Sanktionen als Reaktion auf Russlands Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine in Verbindung mit Alexander Wendts Konzept der kollektiven Identität beleuchten, wie EU Sanktionen entlang der drei Kausalmechanismen von Wendt - struktureller Kontext, systemische Prozesse und strategische Praxis - die kollektive Identität der EU beeinflussen können. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht diese Studie potenzielle Hindernisse für die kollektive Identitätsbildung der EU zu identifizieren. Ich komme zu dem Schluss, dass Sanktionen als Katalysator für kollektive Identitätsbildung wirken können, insbesondere durch wiederholte Interaktion und Reflexion über gemeinsame Normen und Werte. Allerdings überwiegen die Limitationen der Sanktionen bei der Bewältigung von Sicherheitsbedrohungen, wodurch es zu einer erhöhten Abhängigkeit von dritten Akteuren, Inkonsistenzen im Rahmen der GASP und individualisierten außenpolitischen Ansätzen der Mitgliedstaaten führt.
description: This thesis traces the potential impact of EU restrictive measures on the EU's collective identity. In this study, a qualitative analysis of the adoption of EU sanctions in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine interlinked with Alexander Wendt’s conception of collective identity sheds light on how EU restrictive measures can impact the EU’s collective identity along Wendt’s three causal mechanisms: structural context, systemic processes, and strategic practice. This further allows to identify potential obstacles for EU collective identity formation. I conclude that sanctions can act as a catalyst for collective identity formation, especially by means of repeated interaction and reflection on common norms and values. However, sanctions’ limitations in addressing security threats can offset such effect, leading to increased dependencies on third actors, inconsistencies in the EU’s CFSP framework, and individualized foreign policy ap-proaches among member states.
A Vaccine against CCR5 Protects a Subset of Macaques upon Intravaginal Challenge with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251
Creators: name: Chackerian, B.
name: Jensen, K.
name: LaBranche, C. C.
name: Jayashankar, K.
name: Hunter, Z.
name: Van Rompay, K. K. A.
name: Keele, B. F.
name: Montefiori, D.
name: Abel, K.
name: Peabody, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: As an alternative to targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we have developed vaccines targeting CCR5, a self-protein critically involved in HIV replication and pathogenesis. By displaying peptides derived from CCR5 at high density on the surface of virus-like particles, we can efficiently induce high-titer IgG antibodies against this self-molecule. Here, we investigated whether prophylactic immunization of rhesus macaques with a particle-based vaccine targeting two regions of macaque CCR5 could prevent or suppress vaginal infection with highly virulent SIVmac251. Twelve macaques were vaccinated with a bacteriophage Qß-based vaccine targeting macaque CCR5 (Qß.CCR5). Six control animals were immunized with the Qß platform alone. All animals immunized with Qß.CCR5 developed high-titer anti-CCR5 antibody responses. Macaques were vaginally challenged with a high dose of SIVmac251. The mean peak viral RNA levels in the vaccinated groups were 30-fold lower than in the control group (106.8 versus 108.3 copies/ml plasma). Three of the 12 vaccinated macaques dramatically suppressed simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication: peak viral loads were low (103 to 104 RNA copies/ml), and SIV RNA became undetectable from 6 weeks onward. No viral RNA or DNA could be detected in colon and lymph node biopsy specimens collected 13 months after challenge. In vivo depletion of CD8+ cells failed to induce a viral rebound. However, once anti-CCR5 antibody responses had waned, the 3 animals became infected after intravaginal and/or intravenous rechallenge. In conclusion, vaccination against CCR5 was associated with dramatic suppression of virus replication in a subset (25%) of macaques. These data support further research of vaccination against CCR5 to combat HIV infection.
Simulation of the relativistic electron dynamics and acceleration in a linearly-chirped laser pulse
Creators: name: Jisrawi, Najeh M.
name: Galow, Benjamin J.
name: Salamin, Yousef I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical investigations are presented, and their results are discussed, of the laser acceleration of a single electron by a chirped pulse. Fields of the pulse are modeled by simple plane-wave oscillations and a $\cos^2$ envelope. The dynamics emerge from analytic and numerical solutions to the relativistic Lorentz-Newton equations of motion of the electron in the fields of the pulse. All simulations have been carried out by independent Mathematica and Python codes, with identical results. Configurations of acceleration from a position of rest as well as from injection, axially and sideways, at initial relativistic speeds are studied.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
Real-world challenges in undertaking NTRK fusion testing in non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Poh, Ashleigh
name: Sammour, A
name: Mathai, J
name: Peverall, J
name: Van Vliet, C
name: Asadi, K
name: Parakh, Sagun
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3211
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis

description: Background: We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the incidence of neurotrophic tropomyosin-receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Archival NSCLC tissues between 2018–2020 were screened by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with IHC-positive cases undergoing confirmatory molecular analysis. Correlative clinicopathologic parameters were collected. Results: Of 289 samples analyzed, 10 (3.5%) cases had NTRK expression on IHC. The median age of patients with NTRK-positivity on IHC was 74.9 (range, 44–88) years and 70% had a smoking history. The cohort included seven adenocarcinomas and one each squamous cell carcinoma, large-cell neuroendocrine and not otherwise specified histologies. PDL1 expression was ≤50% in five cases. Concurrent EGFR mutations were detected in three cases, with two cases also showing a PIK3CA E542K mutation and MET amplification, respectively. Due to insufficient tumor material, RNA-sequencing was undertaken in only one IHC-positive case, with the other nine cases analyzed by Fluorescent in-situ Hybridisation. A NTRK fusion, EML4-NTRK3 gene fusion was detected in one patient, a frequency of 0.35%. Conclusions: NTRK fusions in NSCLC are rare. This study highlights real world diagnostic challenges regarding NTRK testing, such as requirements of adequate tumor tissue and appropriate testing methodologies.
An Alphavirus-Based Adjuvant Enhances Serum and Mucosal Antibodies, T Cells, and Protective Immunity to Influenza Virus in Neonatal Mice
Creators: name: Parks, G. D.
name: Johnston, R. E.
name: Khalil, S. M.
name: White, L. J.
name: Snead, A. T.
name: Tonkin, D. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Neonatal immune responses to infection and vaccination are biased toward TH2 at the cost of proinflammatory TH1 responses needed to combat intracellular pathogens. However, upon appropriate stimulation, the neonatal immune system can induce adult-like TH1 responses. Here we report that a new class of vaccine adjuvant is especially well suited to enhance early life immunity. The GVI3000 adjuvant is a safe, nonpropagating, truncated derivative of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that targets dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph node (DLN) and produces intracellular viral RNA without propagating to other cells. RNA synthesis strongly activates the innate immune response so that in adult animals, codelivery of soluble protein antigens induces robust humoral, cellular, and mucosal responses. The adjuvant properties of GVI3000 were tested in a neonatal BALB/c mouse model using inactivated influenza virus (iFlu). After a single immunization, mice immunized with iFlu with the GVI3000 adjuvant (GVI3000-adjuvanted iFlu) had significantly higher and sustained influenza virus-specific IgG antibodies, mainly IgG2a (TH1), compared to the mice immunized with antigen only. GVI3000 significantly increased antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, primed mucosal immune responses, and enhanced protection from lethal challenge. As seen in adult mice, the GVI3000 adjuvant increased the DC population in the DLNs, caused activation and maturation of DCs, and induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the DLNs soon after immunization, including gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In summary, the GVI3000 adjuvant induced an adult-like adjuvant effect with an influenza vaccine and has the potential to improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of new and existing neonatal vaccines.
Additional file 1 of Influence of public health and infection control interventions during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic on the in-hospital epidemiology of pathogens: in hospital versus community circulating pathogens
Creators: name: Dapper, Laura
name: Dick, Aline
name: Nonnenmacher-Winter, Claudia
name: Günther, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplement 1. Pathogens and respective test procedures applied in the study.
Galaxy Formation as a Cosmological Tool. I: The Galaxy Merger History as a Measure of Cosmological Parameters
Creators: name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Bluck, Asa F. L.
name: Mortlock, Alice
name: Palamara, David
name: Benson, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As galaxy formation and evolution over long cosmic time-scales depends to a large degree on the structure of the universe, the assembly history of galaxies is potentially a powerful approach for learning about the universe itself. In this paper we examine the merger history of dark matter halos based on the Extended Press-Schechter formalism as a function of cosmological parameters, redshift and halo mass. We calculate how major halo mergers are influenced by changes in the cosmological values of $Ω_{\rm m}$, $Ω_Λ$, $σ_{8}$, the dark matter particle temperature (warm vs. cold dark matter), and the value of a constant and evolving equation of state parameter $w(z)$. We find that the merger fraction at a given halo mass varies by up to a factor of three for halos forming under the assumption of Cold Dark Matter, within different underling cosmological parameters. We find that the current measurements of the merger history, as measured through observed galaxy pairs as well as through structure, are in agreement with the concordance cosmology with the current best fit giving $1 - Ω_{\rm m} = Ω_{\rm Λ} = 0.84^{+0.16}_{-0.17}$. To obtain a more accurate constraint competitive with recently measured cosmological parameters from Planck and WMAP requires a measured merger accuracy of $δf_{\rm m} \sim 0.01$, implying surveys with an accurately measured merger history over 2 - 20 deg$^{2}$, which will be feasible with the next generation of imaging and spectroscopic surveys such as Euclid and LSST.
description: MNRAS, accepted for publication, 22 pages
Il turismo nel diritto amministrativo
Creators: name: Rescigno, Gaetana
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: IUS/10 DIRITTO AMMINISTRATIVO
subject: Turismo
subject: Ospitalità
subject: Viaggio

description: 2018 - 2019
description: Il turismo rappresenta una concreta speranza, un’opportunità di lavoro per i giovani, un orizzonte per le famiglie e un’occasione per gli operatori economici. Il diritto del turismo è e resta collegato al piacere del viaggiare e alla serenità della vacanza; all’avventura della scoperta di luoghi nuovi e alla conoscenza di altre culture; alla tolleranza per civiltà diverse e all’apertura al mondo; al piacere dell’incontro e alla capacità di accogliere l’altro. Conoscere il diritto del turismo è un modo per godersi pienamente del proprio viaggio. È una nuova chance per investire sulla centralità della persona e tracciare una concreta prospettiva di cambiamento della nostra realtà economica e sociale. Il turismo, infatti, sta assumendo nuovi contenuti, proseguendo nel suo percorso verso un «turismo sostenibile». L’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite ha spesso sorretto il turismo sostenibile per lo sviluppo. .. [a cura dell'Autore]
description: Tourism represents a concrete hope, a job opportunity for young people, a horizon for families and an opportunity for economic operators. Tourism law is and remains connected to the pleasure of traveling and the serenity of holidays; to the adventure of discovering new places and to the knowledge of other cultures; tolerance for different civilizations and openness to the world; the pleasure of the meeting and the ability to welcome the other. Knowing the law of tourism is a way to fully enjoy your trip. It is a new chance to invest in the centrality of the person and trace a concrete perspective of change in our economic and social reality. Tourism is in fact taking on new content, continuing on its path towards «sustainable tourism». The United Nations General Assembly has often supported sustainable tourism for development. The current Constitution does not present any useful provision for the systematic positioning of "tourism". However, the phenomenon can be traced back to some of the principle provisions expressing constitutional values. The different interests involved - those of the tourist, of the entrepreneurs in the sector, but above all the public interest in the protection of environmental and cultural goods - express distinct constitutional values (freedom of movement and protection of the contractual relationship; freedom of business; principle of conservation environmental and cultural heritage), but sometimes conflicting. .. [edited by Author]
Temperature-dependent nonlinear phonon shifts in a supported MoS2 monolayer
Creators: name: Taube, Andrzej
name: Judek, Jarosław
name: Jastrzębski, Cezariusz
name: Duzynska, Anna
name: Świtkowski, Krzysztof
name: Zdrojek, Mariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Raman spectra measurements on a MoS2 monolayer supported on SiO2 as a function of temperature. Unlike in previous studies, the positions of the two main Raman modes, E2g1 and A1g exhibited nonlinear temperature dependence. Temperature dependence of phonon shifts and widths is explained by optical phonon decay process into two acoustic phonons. On the basis of Raman measurements, local temperature change under laser heating power at different global temperatures is derived. Obtained results contribute to our understanding of the thermal properties of two-dimensional atomic crystals and can help to solve the problem of heat dissipation, which is crucial for use in the next generation of nanoelectronic devices.
description: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces (2014)