cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Toward Physically Plausible Data-Driven Models: A Novel Neural Network Approach to Symbolic Regression
Creators: name: Kubalík, Jiří
name: Derner, Erik
name: Babuška, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Many real-world systems can be described by mathematical models that are human-comprehensible, easy to analyze and help explain the system's behavior. Symbolic regression is a method that can automatically generate such models from data. Historically, symbolic regression has been predominantly realized by genetic programming, a method that evolves populations of candidate solutions that are subsequently modified by genetic operators crossover and mutation. However, this approach suffers from several deficiencies: it does not scale well with the number of variables and samples in the training data - models tend to grow in size and complexity without an adequate accuracy gain, and it is hard to fine-tune the model coefficients using just genetic operators. Recently, neural networks have been applied to learn the whole analytic model, i.e., its structure and the coefficients, using gradient-based optimization algorithms. This paper proposes a novel neural network-based symbolic regression method that constructs physically plausible models based on even very small training data sets and prior knowledge about the system. The method employs an adaptive weighting scheme to effectively deal with multiple loss function terms and an epoch-wise learning process to reduce the chance of getting stuck in poor local optima. Furthermore, we propose a parameter-free method for choosing the model with the best interpolation and extrapolation performance out of all the models generated throughout the whole learning process. We experimentally evaluate the approach on four test systems: the TurtleBot 2 mobile robot, the magnetic manipulation system, the equivalent resistance of two resistors in parallel, and the longitudinal force of the anti-lock braking system. The results clearly show the potential of the method to find parsimonious models that comply with the prior knowledge provided.
Geostatistical modeling in the presence of interaction between the measuring instruments, with an application to the estimation of spatial market potentials
Creators: name: Finazzi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper addresses the problem of recovering the spatial market potential of a retail product from spatially distributed sales data. In order to tackle the problem in a general way, the concept of spatial potential is introduced. The potential is concurrently measured at different spatial locations and the measurements are analyzed in order to recover the spatial potential. The measuring instruments used to collect the data interact with each other, that is, the measurement at a given spatial location is affected by the concurrent measurements at other locations. An approach based on a novel geostatistical model is developed. In particular, the model is able to handle both the measuring instrument interaction and the missing data. A model estimation procedure based on the expectation-maximization algorithm is provided as well as standard inferential tools. The model is applied to the estimation of the spatial market potential of a newspaper for the city of Bergamo, Italy. The estimated spatial market potential is eventually analyzed in order to identify the areas with the highest potential, to identify the areas where it is profitable to open additional newsstands and to evaluate the newspaper total market volume of the city.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOAS588 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Generalized Deep Learning-based Proximal Gradient Descent for MR Reconstruction
Creators: name: Luo, Guanxiong
name: Kuang, Mengmeng
name: Cao, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The data consistency for the physical forward model is crucial in inverse problems, especially in MR imaging reconstruction. The standard way is to unroll an iterative algorithm into a neural network with a forward model embedded. The forward model always changes in clinical practice, so the learning component's entanglement with the forward model makes the reconstruction hard to generalize. The deep learning-based proximal gradient descent was proposed and use a network as regularization term that is independent of the forward model, which makes it more generalizable for different MR acquisition settings. This one-time pre-trained regularization is applied to different MR acquisition settings and was compared to conventional L1 regularization showing ~3 dB improvement in the peak signal-to-noise ratio. We also demonstrated the flexibility of the proposed method in choosing different undersampling patterns.
description: Keywords: MRI reconstruction, Deep Learning, Proximal gradient descent, Learned regularization term
Inhalt
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2019

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 14 Nr. 8 (1961): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Fast Online EM for Big Topic Modeling
Creators: name: Zeng, Jia
name: Liu, Zhi-Qiang
name: Cao, Xiao-Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm can compute the maximum-likelihood (ML) or maximum a posterior (MAP) point estimate of the mixture models or latent variable models such as latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), which has been one of the most popular probabilistic topic modeling methods in the past decade. However, batch EM has high time and space complexities to learn big LDA models from big data streams. In this paper, we present a fast online EM (FOEM) algorithm that infers the topic distribution from the previously unseen documents incrementally with constant memory requirements. Within the stochastic approximation framework, we show that FOEM can converge to the local stationary point of the LDA's likelihood function. By dynamic scheduling for the fast speed and parameter streaming for the low memory usage, FOEM is more efficient for some lifelong topic modeling tasks than the state-of-the-art online LDA algorithms to handle both big data and big models (aka, big topic modeling) on just a PC.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures in IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2016
Assessment of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab expression endotoxins in transgenic cotton across growth periods and stages under semi-controlled conditions
Creators: name: Mahreen Hanif
name: Shafqat Saeed
name: Zuluqrnain Khan
name: Mudssar Ali
name: Muhammad Ishtiaq
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Bt cotton, Bt toxin, Cry1Ac detection, Cry2Ab detection, Growth periods, Growth stages, Quantification

description: Transgenic cotton has brought about a significant transformation in the management of bollworms. Nevertheless, a considerable challenge has emerged in the form of Pectinophora gossypiellafor transgenic cotton. In current study, the detection and quantification of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab protein in pot samples of different transgenic cotton cultivars encompassing single (Cry1Ac) and double gene (Cry2Ab) cultivars was conducted, employing bt strips and ELISA methods at three distinct time points, namely 40 days, 80 days, and 120 days after sowing, coinciding with different growth phases (i.e., leaves, squares, bolls, and seeds). The outcomes revealed that the highest toxin levels of Cry1Ac protein were present across all cultivars, whereas elevated levels of Cry2Ab protein were exclusively observed in MNH-1045 cultivar ranged from 0.05 ug/g to 1.46 ug/g. The findings highlighted visible differences in the concentrations of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab proteins among all cultivars. The Cry1Ac concentrations ranged from 0.12 ug/g to 0.81 ug/g, 0.18 ug/g to 0.69 ug/g, 0.19 ug/g to 0.38 ug/g after 40 days, 80 days, and 120 days respectively, and ranged from 0.22 ug/g to 0.59 ug/g, 0.20 ug/g to 0.36 ug/g, 0.00 ug/g to 0.05 ug/g and 0.22 ug/g to 0.30 ug/g, in leaf, square, boll, and seed stage respectively. The concentration of Cry2Ab protein ranged from 0.04 to 1.46, 0.02 to 1.128, 0.01 to 0.28ug/g after 40 days, 80 days, and 120 days respectively, and ranged from 0.4 ug/g to 1.45 ug/g, 0.01 ug/g to 0.63 ug/g, 0.00 ug/g to 0.05 ug/g and 0.00 ug/g to 0.62 ug/g, in leaf, square, boll, and seed stage respectively. It was detected that the expression of toxins is depending upon the developmental stage of the crop and the duration of growth. This study's findings will aid entomologists and plant breeders in developing high-toxin cotton cultivars (especially expressing high at the boll stage) and strategies for global cotton production sustainability, such as refuge maintenance or hybrid development, to protect transgenic cotton from pink bollworm infestations.
Zur Kenntnis des Werkes von Mario Balassi
Creators: name: Voss, Hermann
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2019

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 14 Nr. 8 (1961): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Quantum dynamics in a time-dependent cylindrical trap
Creators: name: Mousavi, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solutions to the Schrödinger equation are examined for a particle inside a cylindrical trap of a circular time-dependent cross-section. Analytical expressions for energy and momentum expectation values are derived with respect to the exact solutions; and the adiabatic and sudden change of the boundary are discussed. The density profile as a function of time in a given observation point, resembles the diffraction-in-time pattern observed in a suddenly released particle but with an enhanced fringe visibility. Numerical computations are presented for both contracting and expanding boxes.
description: Accepted by Physics Letters A
Weak-Measurement-Induced Heating in Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Altuntas, Emine
name: Spielman, Ian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold atoms are an ideal platform for understanding system-reservoir dynamics of many-body systems. Here, we study quantum back-action in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, weakly interacting with a far-from resonant, i.e., dispersively interacting, probe laser beam. The light scattered by the atoms can be considered as a part of quantum measurement process whereby the change in the system state derives from measurement back-action. We experimentally quantify the resulting back-action in terms of the deposited energy. We model the interaction of the system and environment with a generalized measurement process, leading to a Markovian reservoir. Further, we identify two systematic sources of heating and loss: a stray optical lattice and probe-induced light assisted collisions (an intrinsic atomic process). The observed heating and loss rates are larger for blue detuning than for red detuning, where they are oscillatory functions of detuning with increased loss at molecular resonances and reduced loss between molecular resonances.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.04400
Propuesta Metodológica De Sistematización De Vigilancia Científico‐Tecnológica En El Ámbito De La Biomedicina. Aplicación Y Estudio De Casos Prácticos En La Fundación Cnic.
Creators: name: Gómez Sánchez, Alicia Fátima
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: This Master's Thesis presents a study of technological surveillance within the framework of the research organizations in the field of biotechnology, specifically within the National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) Foundation.

The main objective is to show the importance of information specialists in development of surveillance processes, based on the fact that information is the key element to starting any surveillance study. In addition, we will develop a methodological proposal and will study sources and resources of interest for this type of work.

Regarding the methodology, it’s a descriptive work, based on two main axes: one theoretical, which collects and reviews studies carried out on the subject of scientific and technological surveillance, and other practical, focused on the development and implementation of a methodology that serves the concrete needs and characteristics of the CNIC Foundation.

Throughout this study we developed a methodology for a system of science and technology watch in this institution, describing the phases, as well as resources and databases that we consider most relevant from the Information’s Science point of view. Then we apply this proposal to some case studies carried out in recent months in the center and present some results. This is also an example of the collaboration between the Technology Transfer Unit and the Library and Information Service.

Finally, as a main conclusion we highlight that a technology watch and competitive intelligence system is a process that must be performed by a multidisciplinary and diverse group of professional, where the collaboration of the Information specialist is essential.
BPS Degeneracies and Superconformal Index in Diverse Dimensions
Creators: name: Iqbal, Amer
name: Vafa, Cumrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a unifying theme relating BPS partition functions and superconformal indices. In the case with complex SUSY central charges (as in N=2 in d=4 and N=(2,2) in d=2) the known results can be reinterpreted as the statement that the BPS partition functions can be used to compute a specialization of the superconformal indices. We argue that in the case with real central charge in the supersymmetry algebra, as in N=1 in d=5 (or the N=2 in d=3), the BPS degeneracy captures the full superconformal index. Furthermore, we argue that refined topological strings, which captures 5d BPS degeneracies of M-theory on CY 3-folds, can be used to compute 5d supersymmetric index including in the sectors with 3d defects for a large class of 5d superconformal theories. Moreover, we provide evidence that distinct Calabi-Yau singularities which are expected to lead to the same SCFT yield the same index.
description: 58 pages
Prospects for ditauonium discovery at colliders
Creators: name: d'Enterria, David
name: Shao, Hua-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The feasibility of observing ditauonium, the bound state of two tau leptons, at $e^+e^-$ colliders (BES III at $\sqrt{s} = 3.78$ GeV, Belle II at $\sqrt{s} = 10.6$ GeV, a future super tau-charm factory (STCF) at $\sqrt{s} \approx 2m_τ$, and the FCC-ee at $\sqrt{s} = 91.2$ GeV) as well as in hadronic and photon-photon collisions at the LHC, is studied. Cross sections and expected yields for spin-0 para- ($\mathcal{T}_0$) and spin-1 ortho- ($\mathcal{T}_1$) ditauonium are presented for nine different production and decay processes. Para-ditauonium can be observed at the FCC-ee via photon fusion in its diphoton decay ($γγ\to\mathcal{T}_0\toγγ$). Ortho-ditauonium can be observed at STCF via $e^+e^-\to\mathcal{T}_1\toμ^+μ^-$, where a threshold scan with monochromatized beams can also provide a very precise extraction of the tau lepton mass with a $\mathcal{O}(25$ keV) uncertainty or less. Observing pp $\to \mathcal{T}_1(μ^+μ^-)+X$ at the LHC is possible by identifying its displaced vertex with a good control of the combinatorial dimuon background. In addition, we compute the rare decay branching fractions of ditauonium into quarkonium plus a photon.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Minor mods. to match published version: Phys. Lett. B 842 (2023) 137960
Metric Dimension and Zero Forcing Number of Two Families of Line Graphs
Creators: name: Eroh, Linda
name: Kang, Cong X.
name: Yi, Eunjeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C12, 05C50, 05C38, 05C05

description: Zero forcing number has recently become an interesting graph parameter studied in its own right since its introduction by the "AIM Minimum Rank -- Special Graphs Work Group", whereas metric dimension is a well-known graph parameter. We investigate the metric dimension and the zero forcing number of some line graphs by first determining the metric dimension and the zero forcing number of the line graphs of wheel graphs and the bouquet of circles. We prove that $Z(G) \le 2Z(L(G))$ for a simple and connected graph $G$. Further, we show that $Z(G) \le Z(L(G))$ when $G$ is a tree or when $G$ contains a Hamiltonian path and has a certain number of edges. We compare the metric dimension with the zero forcing number of a line graph by demonstrating a couple of inequalities between the two parameters. We end by stating some open problems.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures; to appear in Math. Bohem
Apoptotic potential of C-phycoerythrin from Phormidium sp. A27DM and Halomicronema sp. A32DM on human lung carcinoma cells
Creators: name: Madamwara, Datta
name: Patel, Dipak K.
name: Desai, Swati N.
name: Upadhyay, Kapil K.
name: Devkar, Ranjitsinh V.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2015
Subjects: phycoerythrin
Phormidium sp. A27DM
Halomicronema sp. A32DM
A549 cell
apoptosis

description: Phycobilisomes present in cyanobacteria are photosynthetic macromolecular protein complexes that are categorized into three types - phycoerythrins (high energy), phycocyanin (intermediate energy) and allophycocyanin (low energy). Structurally, they consist of α and β protein subunits and open chain tetrapyrrole prosthetic group (bilin chromophore), known for its antioxidant properties and therapeutic potential against a variety of physiological ailments. Phycoerythrins (C-PE) were purified from cyanobacterial strains Phormidium sp. A27DM and Halomicronema sp. A32DM and their respective apoptotic potentials were assessed on A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Both strains of cyanobacteria were cultured and the C-PE from each strain was extracted, quantified and characterized. C-PE accounted for a dose dependent decrement in cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and an increment in lactate dehydrogenase release. Higher doses of C-PE (of both strains) accounted for loss of cell viability and nuclear pycnosis. These findings were further substantiated with flow cytometry that revealed a cell arrest at G0/G1 phase and a high percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis following C-PE treatment. These results confirm the efficacy of C-PE from Phormidium sp. or Halomicronema sp. in triggering apoptotic cell death. This study is the first to report on apoptotic property of C-PE against A549 human lung carcinoma cells and warrants further studies to establish its anti-cancer potential.
description: EXCLI Journal; 14:Doc527; ISSN 1611-2156
Classification of critical phenomena in hierarchical small-world networks
Creators: name: Boettcher, Stefan
name: Brunson, Trent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classification of critical behavior is provided in systems for which the renormalization group equations are control-parameter dependent. It describes phase transitions in networks with a recursive, hierarchical structure but appears to apply also to a wider class of systems, such as conformal field theories. Although these transitions generally do not exhibit universality, three distinct regimes of characteristic critical behavior can be discerned that combine an unusual mixture of finite- and infinite-order transitions. In the spirit of Landau's description of a phase transition, the problem can be reduced to the local analysis of a cubic recursion equation, here, for the renormalization group flow of some generalized coupling. Among other insights, this theory explains the often-noted prevalence of the so-called inverted Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in complex networks. As a demonstration, a one-parameter family of Ising models on hierarchical networks is considered.
description: 6 pages, RevTex4, see http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/boettcher/ for more information
Auditing large language models: a three-layered approach
Creators: name: Mökander, Jakob
name: Schuett, Jonas
name: Kirk, Hannah Rose
name: Floridi, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4; K.6

description: Large language models (LLMs) represent a major advance in artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, the widespread use of LLMs is also coupled with significant ethical and social challenges. Previous research has pointed towards auditing as a promising governance mechanism to help ensure that AI systems are designed and deployed in ways that are ethical, legal, and technically robust. However, existing auditing procedures fail to address the governance challenges posed by LLMs, which display emergent capabilities and are adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks. In this article, we address that gap by outlining a novel blueprint for how to audit LLMs. Specifically, we propose a three-layered approach, whereby governance audits (of technology providers that design and disseminate LLMs), model audits (of LLMs after pre-training but prior to their release), and application audits (of applications based on LLMs) complement and inform each other. We show how audits, when conducted in a structured and coordinated manner on all three levels, can be a feasible and effective mechanism for identifying and managing some of the ethical and social risks posed by LLMs. However, it is important to remain realistic about what auditing can reasonably be expected to achieve. Therefore, we discuss the limitations not only of our three-layered approach but also of the prospect of auditing LLMs at all. Ultimately, this article seeks to expand the methodological toolkit available to technology providers and policymakers who wish to analyse and evaluate LLMs from technical, ethical, and legal perspectives.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures. AI Ethics (2023)
Decoherence induced by an ordered environment
Creators: name: Restrepo, Juliana
name: Camalet, S.
name: Chitra, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Letter deals with the time evolution of a qubit weakly coupled to a reservoir which has a symmetry broken state with long range order at finite temperatures. In particular, we model the ordered reservoir by a standard BCS superconductor with s-wave pairing. We study the reduced density matrix of a qubit using both the time-convolutionless and Nakajima-Zwanzig approximations. We study different kinds of couplings between the qubit and the superconducting bath. We find that ordering in the superconducting bath generically leads to an unfavorable non- Markovian faster-than-exponential decay of the qubit coherence. On the other hand, a coupling of the qubit to the non-ordered sector of the bath can result in a Markovian decoherence of the qubit with a drastic reduction of the decoherence rate. Since these behaviors are endemic to the ordered phase, qubits can serve as useful probes of continuous phase transitions in their environment. We also briefly discuss the validity of our main result, faster than exponential decay of the qubit coherences, for a qubit coupled to a generic ordered bath with a spontaneously broken continuous symmetry at finite temperatures.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The Formation Of Dark Matter Halos And High-Redshift Galaxies
Creators: name: Genel, Shy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011

description: In the concordance ΛCDM cosmological model, galaxies form in the centers of dark matter halos and merge with one another following the mergers of their host halos. Thus, we set out to quantify the growth mechanisms of dark matter halos. For this purpose, we analyze several large N-body simulations of the growth of cosmic structure. We devise a novel merger tree construction algorithm that properly takes into account halo fragmentations. We find that the merger rate evolves rapidly with redshift but depends weakly on mass, and that the proportions between mergers of different mass ratios, e.g. major and minor mergers, are universal. We also show that the merger rate per progenitor halo (related to future mergers and to galaxy pair counting) is smaller than that per descendant halo (related to past mergers and galaxy disturbed morphplogies), and that their redshift and mass dependencies are different. We find that only ~60% of the mass accreted onto halos arrives in mergers that are resolved in our simulations. Moreover, the functional form of the merger rate suggests that the merger contribution saturates at that value. Using full particle histories, we confirm that smoothly-accreted particles make a significant fraction of dark matter halos. This has important implications for the smoothness of gas accretion.

Disk galaxies at z~2 are rapidly star-forming, but show regular rotation, indicating little merger activity. We use a large dark matter simulation to show that even non-merging z~2 halos grow fast enough to explain observed high star-formation rates. We also follow those halos to z=0, finding that many do not undergo major mergers at all. The z~2 disks also show high velocity dispersions and irregular clumpy morphologies. We run "zoom-in" cosmological hydrodynamical simulations focusing on the formation of individual z~2 galaxies. We find that the clumpy morphologies are a result of gravitational instability, where the high random motions make the (turbulent) Jeans scales as large as the observed giant clumps. Star-formation feedback in our model is implemented as galactic winds with high mass-loading factors. We find that the high mass-loading factors prevent the clumps from virializing. Within roughly half a disk orbital time, they lose a large fraction of their mass, such that they stop collapsing and disrupt. Thus, their lifetimes are short and they do not migrate to the galaxy centers as has been proposed in the literature so far. We compare simulated galaxies to observations using radiative transfer calculations, and by creating mock SINFONI/VLT data cubes with realistic "observing conditions". We find good agreement between "observed" simulated galaxies and real observed ones, in terms of their luminosities, colors, morphologies and kinematics. With this comparison, we conclude that the galaxies formed in our simulations are plausibly realistic.
Hydrophobic homopolymer's coil-globule transition and adsorption onto a hydrophobic surface under different conditions
Creators: name: Faulí, Bernat Durà
name: Bianco, Valentino
name: Franzese, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unstructured proteins can modulate cellular responses to environmental conditions by undergoing coil-globule transitions and phase separation. However, the molecular mechanisms of these phenomena still need to be fully understood. Here, we use Monte Carlo calculations of a coarse-grained model incorporating water's effects on the system's free energy. Following previous studies, we model an unstructured protein as a polymer chain. Because we are interested in investigating how it responds to thermodynamic changes near a hydrophobic surface under different conditions, we choose an entirely hydrophobic sequence to maximize the interaction with the interface. We show that a slit pore confinement without top-down symmetry enhances the unfolding and adsorption of the chain in both random coil and globular states. Moreover, we demonstrate that the hydration water modulates this behavior depending on the thermodynamic parameters. Our findings provide insights into how homopolymers, and possibly unstructured proteins, can sense and adjust to external stimuli such as nanointerfaces or stresses.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures,8 supplementary movies (mp4)
Signal reconstruction from the magnitude of subspace components
Creators: name: Bachoc, Christine
name: Ehler, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider signal reconstruction from the norms of subspace components generalizing standard phase retrieval problems. In the deterministic setting, a closed reconstruction formula is derived when the subspaces satisfy certain cubature conditions, that require at least a quadratic number of subspaces. Moreover, we address reconstruction under the erasure of a subset of the norms; using the concepts of $p$-fusion frames and list decoding, we propose an algorithm that outputs a finite list of candidate signals, one of which is the correct one. In the random setting, we show that a set of subspaces chosen at random and of cardinality scaling linearly in the ambient dimension allows for exact reconstruction with high probability by solving the feasibility problem of a semidefinite program.
The Structure And Evolution Of Massive Star And Cluster Forming Regions
Creators: name: Battersby, Cara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013

description: The formation of massive stars and stellar clusters is important in understanding the light we receive from other galaxies, the life cycle of matter in the Galaxy, and the global process of star formation. However, this problem has remained elusive as the relative rarity, large distances, confusion, and obscured nature of massive star forming regions has made a global and high-resolution understanding of their formation intractable for decades. The advent of large Galactic Plane Surveys and high-resolution observing facilities have allowed us to make large strides in this  field by constraining the physical properties at the onset of massive star formation in clustered environments, identifying the stages of massive star formation, and estimating the lifetimes of these phases.

We present a detailed analysis of two young massive star forming regions in different evolutionary stages embedded within a single Infrared Dark Cloud using NH3 on the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. In this analysis, we characterize the physical structure (column density, temperature, and virial parameter) just prior to the onset of massive star formation and infer evolution in this structure by measuring it at different evolutionary stages. We expand this analysis to a global scale using Herschel and Spitzer surveys of the Galactic Plane from mid-to far-IR, devising a method to identify precursors to stellar clusters throughout the Galaxy for the first time. By separating the diffuse Galactic cirrus emission from the dense molecular clumps, we derive the dust temperatures and column densities characteristic of cluster-forming clumps. We compare these physical properties with star formation tracers in a systematic way to distinguish and characterize their evolutionary phases. We compare the physical properties derived from gas with those derived using dust. We estimate lifetimes for these evolutionary phases and speculate on the large-scale dynamics in the formation of stellar clusters.

We constrain the conditions at the onset of massive star formation, measure how these conditions change with evolutionary phase, and estimate the duration of each phase. This thesis places global and high-resolution constraints on the physical properties, evolution, and lifetimes of massive star and cluster forming regions.
Massive Quiescent Cores in Orion: Dynamical State Revealed by High-Resolution Ammonia Maps
Creators: name: Li, D.
name: Kauffmann, J.
name: Zhang, Q.
name: Chen, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present combined VLA and Green Bank Telescope images of \ammonia\ inversion transitions (1,1) and (2,2) toward OMC2 and OMC3. We focus on the relatively quiescent Orion cores, which are away from the Trapezium cluster and have no sign of massive protostars nor evolved star formation, such as IRAS source, water maser, and methanol maser. The 5\arcsec\ angular resolution and $0.6 \rm{}km\,s^{-1}$ velocity resolution of these data enable us to study the thermal and dynamic state of these cores at $\sim{}0.02 \rm{}pc$ scales, comparable to or smaller than those of the current dust continuum surveys. We measure temperatures for a total of 30 cores, with average masses of $11\,\Ms$, radii of $0.039 \rm{}pc$, virial mass ratio $\bar{R_{vir}}$ = 3.9, and critical mass ratio $\bar{R_{C}}$ = 1.5. Twelve sources contain \textit{Spitzer} protostars. The thus defined starless and protostellar subsamples have similar temperature, line width, but different masses, with an average of $7.3\,\Ms$ for the former and $16\,\Ms$ for the latter. Compared to others Gould Belt dense cores, mores Orion cores have a high gravitational-to kinetic energy ratio and more cores have a larger thant unity critical mass ratio. Orion dense cores have velocity dispersion similar to those of cores in low-mass star-forming regions but larger masses for fiven size. Some cores appear to have truly supercritical gravitational-to-kinetic energy ratios, even when considering significant observational uncertainties: thermal and non-thermal gas mothins alone cannot prevent collapse.
description: Accepted by ApJ, ApJ2013...768...L5
Influence of magnetic and electric fields on universal conductance fluctuations in thin films of the Dirac semi-metal Cd3As2
Creators: name: Xiao, Run
name: Islam, Saurav
name: Yanez, Wilson
name: Ou, Yongxi
name: Samarth, Nitin
name: Liu, Haiwen
name: Xie, X. C.
name: Chamorro, Juan
name: McQueen, Tyrel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-reversal invariance and inversion symmetry are responsible for the topological band structure in Dirac semimetals. These symmetries can be broken by applying an external magnetic or electric field, resulting in fundamental changes to the ground state Hamiltonian and a topological phase transition. We probe these changes via the magnetic-field dependence and gate voltage-dependence of universal conductance fluctuations in top-gated nanowires of the prototypical Dirac semimetal Cd3As2. As the magnetic field is increased beyond the phase-breaking field, we find a factor of sqrt(2) reduction in the magnitude of the universal conductance fluctuations, in agreement with numerical calculations that study the effect of broken time reversal symmetry in a 3D Dirac semimetal. In contrast, the magnitude of the fluctuations increases monotonically as the chemical potential is gated away from the charge neutrality point. This effect cannot be attributed to broken inversion symmetry, but can be explained by Fermi surface anisotropy. The concurrence between experimental data and theory in our study provides unequivocal evidence that universal conductance fluctuations are the dominant source of intrinsic transport fluctuations in mesoscopic Cd3As2 devices and offers a promising general methodology for probing the effects of broken symmetry in topological quantum materials.
Comparisons between quantum state distinguishability measures
Creators: name: Audenaert, Koenraad M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a compendium of inequalities between several quantum state distinguishability measures. For each measure these inequalities consist of the sharpest possible upper and lower bounds in terms of another measure. Some of these inequalities are already known, but new or more general proofs are given, whereas other inequalities are new. We also supply cases of equality to show that all inequalities are indeed the sharpest possible.
description: 8 pages. Title changed, minor textual changes. Accepted for publication in Quant. Inf. Comp
Thin and thick bubble walls I: vacuum phase transitions
Creators: name: Mégevand, Ariel
name: Membiela, Federico Agustín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first in a series of papers where we study the dynamics of a bubble wall beyond usual approximations, such as the assumptions of spherical bubbles and infinitely thin walls. In this paper, we consider a vacuum phase transition. Thus, we describe a bubble as a configuration of a scalar field whose equation of motion depends only on the effective potential. The thin-wall approximation allows obtaining both an effective equation of motion for the wall position and a simplified equation for the field profile inside the wall. Several different assumptions are involved in this approximation. We discuss the conditions for the validity of each of them. In particular, the minima of the effective potential must have approximately the same energy, and we discuss the correct implementation of this approximation. We consider different improvements to the basic thin-wall approximation, such as an iterative method for finding the wall profile and a perturbative calculation in powers of the wall width. We calculate the leading-order corrections. Besides, we derive an equation of motion for the wall without any assumptions about its shape. We present a suitable method to describe arbitrarily deformed walls from the spherical shape. We consider concrete examples and compare our approximations with numerical solutions. In subsequent papers, we shall consider higher-order finite-width corrections, and we shall take into account the presence of the fluid.
description: 46 pages, 18 figures. v2: include new comments and clarify some ideas. Figures and references added
Cycle complex over the projective line minus three points : toward multiple zeta values cycles
Creators: name: Soudères, Ismaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, the author constructs a family of algebraic cycles in Bloch's cubical cycle complex over the projective line minus three points which are expected to correspond to multiple polylogarithms in one variable. Elements in this family are in particular equidimensional over the projective line minus three points. In weight greater or equal to $2$, they are naturaly extended as equidimensional cycle over the affine line. This allows to consider their fibers at the point 1 and this is one of the main differences with Gangl, Goncharov and Levin work where generic arguments are imposed for cycles corresponding to multiple polylogarithms in many variables. Considering the fiber at 1 make it possible to think of these cycles as corresponding multiple zeta values. After the introduction, the author recalls some properties of Bloch's cycle complex, presents the strategy and enlightens the difficulties on a few examples. Then a large section is devoted to the combinatorial situation which is related to the combinatoric of trivalent trees and to a differential on trees already introduced by Gangl Goncharov and Levin. In the last section, two families of cycles are constructed as solution to a "differential system" in Bloch cycle complex. One of this families contains only cycles with empty fiber at 0 and should correspond to multiple polylogarithms while the other contains only cycles empty at 1. The use of two such families is required in order to work with equidimimensional cycles and to insure the admissibility condition.
description: 52 pages. Accepted version in J. Pure and Applied Algebra (JPAA)
Cocoda Technical Report 1
Creators: name: Voß, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: terminologies
mappings
skos

description: This report briefly summarizes prototype and architecture of a mapping tool that is being created as part of project coli-conc at the head office of GBV Common Library Network (VZG). Project coli-conc aims at developing an infrastructure to facilitate management and exchange of concordances between library knowledge organization systems. This includes a modular web application named Cocoda.
Mathematical modeling for the synchronization of two interacting active rotors
Creators: name: Kitahata, Hiroyuki
name: Koyano, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the synchronization of active rotors. A rotor is composed of a free-rotating arm with a particle that releases a surface-active chemical compound. It exhibits self-rotation due to the surface tension gradient originating from the concentration field of the surface-active compound released from the rotor. In a system with two active rotors, they should interact through the concentration field. Thus, the interaction between them does not depend only on the instantaneous positions but also on the dynamics of the concentration field. By numerical simulations, we show that in-phase and anti-phase synchronizations occur depending on the distance between the two rotors. The stability of the synchronization mode is analyzed based on phase reduction theorem through the calculation of the concentration field in the co-rotating frame with the active rotor. We also confirm that the numerical results meet the prediction by theoretical analyses.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
Strategic Learning and the Topology of Social Networks
Creators: name: Mossel, Elchanan
name: Sly, Allan
name: Tamuz, Omer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a group of strategic agents who must each repeatedly take one of two possible actions. They learn which of the two actions is preferable from initial private signals, and by observing the actions of their neighbors in a social network. We show that the question of whether or not the agents learn efficiently depends on the topology of the social network. In particular, we identify a geometric "egalitarianism" condition on the social network that guarantees learning in infinite networks, or learning with high probability in large finite networks, in any equilibrium. We also give examples of non-egalitarian networks with equilibria in which learning fails.
description: 30 pages, one figure
Effect on normalized graph Laplacian spectrum by motif attachment and duplication
Creators: name: Mehatari, Ranjit
name: banerjee, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To some extent, graph evolutionary mechanisms can be explained by its spectra. Here, we are interested in two graph operations, namely, motif (subgraph) doubling and attachment that are biologically relevant. We investigate how these two processes affect the spectrum of the normalized graph Laplacian. A high (algebraic) multiplicity of the eigenvalues $1, 1\pm 0.5, 1\pm \sqrt{0.5}$ and others has been observed in the spectrum of many real networks. We attempt to explain the production of distinct eigenvalues by motif doubling and attachment. Results on the eigenvalue $1$ are discussed separately.
Röder, Josef: Pfahl und Menhir, eine vergleichend vorgeschichtliche, Volks- und völkerkundliche Studie
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Röder, Josef: Pfahl und Menhir, eine vergleichend vorgeschichtliche, Volks- und völkerkundliche Studie. Band 1 der „Studien zur westeuropäischen Altertumskunde." 8°. 85 S. m. 56 Abb. Neuwied 1949. Karl Jost-Verlag
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 20 (1951): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Examination of thermalization of quarkonia at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Kumar, Deekshit
name: Sarkar, Nachiketa
name: Bhaduri, Partha Pratim
name: Jaiswal, Amaresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the relative yields of different bottomonia and charmonia states produced in Pb-Pb, p-Pb and high multiplicity p-p collisions at LHC, within a semi-classical grand canonical ensemble approach. The underlying assumption is the early thermalization and subsequent freezeout of these heavy hadrons resulting in their chemical freezeout at a temperature of approximately $230$~MeV, significantly higher than that of light and strange hadrons. The systematic dependence of the freezeout temperature on the collision centrality is also investigated in details.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Some typos corrected