Protohermes costalis Walker
Creators: name: Liu, Xingyue
name: Hayashi, Fumio
name: Yang, Ding
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Megaloptera
Corydalidae
Protohermes
Protohermes costalis

description: Protohermes costalis (Walker)
(Figs. 10, 53–59)
Hermes costalis Walker, 1853. Cat. Brit. Mus. Neur., p. 207. Type locality: N. China.
Protohermes griseus Stitz, 1914. Berlin Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. 5: 201. Type locality: Formosa.
Diagnosis. Head without dark markings; pronotum with two blackish vittae on each side; male ninth sternum with deep trapezoidal posterior incision, leaving two acute-angled triangular posterior processes.
Body length 30–34 mm (male) and 45–52 mm (female); forewing length 36–48 mm (male) and 45–51 mm (female), hindwing length 32–41 mm (male) and 42–45 mm (female).
Head (Fig. 53) yellowish brown, without post-ocular spine; vertex without any markings. Compound eyes pale yellowish brown; ocelli yellow, darkly margined medially. Antennae black, with scapes and pedicel yellow. Mouthparts yellow or yellowish brown; mandible with distal half black.
Thorax yellow. Pronotum (Fig. 53) with two pairs of blackish markings on each side. Meso- and metanota each with one pair of brownish markings on lateral sides. Thoracic pilosity yellow, much longer on meso- and meta thorax. Legs yellow with dense yellowish short setae; tibiae and tarsi mostly dark; tarsal claws reddish brown. Forewings (Fig. 10) pale smoky brown, with 1 large yellowish marking at base, 3–4 mostly connected yellowish markings at middle and 1 round yellowish marking on apical 1/3; costal cellules with distinct brown stripes. Hindwings much paler than forewings, with 1 round yellowish marking on apical 1/3. Veins yellowish brown except veins in yellowish markings yellow. Rs 10-branched, last branch bifurcate or trifurcate; 11 crossveins between R1 and Rs; M1+2 5 to 6-branched, M3+4 4-branched; 1A 3-branched.
Abdomen brown with yellowish short setae. Male ninth tergum (Fig. 54) subquadrate, with arched anterior and posterior margin. Ninth sternum (Fig. 55) broad with nearly straight lateral margin, posterior margin with deep trapezoidal incision, forming two acutely angled triangular posterior processes; central portion inflated. Ninth gonostylus (Fig. 56) unguiform and slightly curved dorsomedially. Tenth tergum (Figs. 54–55) short and subcylindrical, ventrally with one well developed tufted tubercle at posteromedial corner; posterolateral corner acutely produced; tip slightly incised and densely setose. Tenth sternum (Fig. 57) arched, anteriorly slightly elevated at middle; posterior incision extremely small and V-shaped, forming two papillated processes; lateral lobes digitiform with apical half strongly narrowing, incurved. Female eighth sternum (Figs. 58–59) strongly sclerotized, subtriangular in lateral view, posterior margin distinctly elevated with shallow median incision, forming pair of obtuse processes; ninth segment (Fig. 58) laterally inflated in one pair of large suboval sac-like lobes; ninth gonocoxite valvate and membranous with one digitiform process at tip; tenth tergum short, with posterior margin medially incised, leaving one subtriangular upper and one subquadrate lower lobe.
Material examined. CHINA: Ψ, Yunnan, Weixin, 20.VI.1980 (CAU); Ψ, Guizhou, 10.V.1963 (CAU); ɗ Ψ, Guizhou, Sinan, VI.1973, Guiqing Wang (CAU); ɗ, Guangxi, Jinxiu, 10.VI.1982, Chikun Yang (CAU); Ψ, Guangxi, Lingchuan, Lingtian, 4.VI.1984, Ding Yang (CAU); 2 Ψ, Guangxi, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200 m, 15.V.1999, Xuezhong Zhang (IZCAS); ɗ Ψ, Guangxi, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200 m, 15.V.1999, Hui Xiao (IZCAS); Ψ, Guangxi, Tian-e, Buliuhe, 6.VIII.2002, Ding Yang (CAU); 3 ɗ 6 Ψ, Guangxi, Maoershan, 900 m, 2.VII.2003, Xingyue Liu (CAU); ɗ, Guangdong, Dinghushan, 22.IV.1965, Youwei Zhang (IZCAS); Ψ, Guangdong, Conghua, IV.1976, Rongzong Wu (CAU); 3 Ψ, Guangdong, Chebaling, 19–21.IV.2002 (CAU); Ψ, Fujian, Chong-an, Xingcun, Sangang, 740 m, 16.VII.1960, Yiran Zhang (IZCAS); ɗ, Fujian, Shaowu, Tongmu, 28.VII.1979, Shimei Song (IZCAS); Ψ, Fujian, Sangang, 10.VIII.1979, Rongquan Cai (IZCAS); Ψ, Fujian, Sangang, 17.VIII.1979 (IZCAS); Ψ, Fujian, 20.VIII.1981 (CAU); ɗ, Fujian, Jiangle, Longqishan, 650 m, 27.VI.1991, Longlong Yang (IZCAS); 2 Ψ, Fujian, Jiangle, Longqishan, 700 m, 1–6.VIII.1991, Shimei Song (IZCAS); ɗ, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 21.VI.1980 (IZCAS); Ψ, Zhejiang, Lishui, Wanxiangshan, 12.IX.1980 (CAU); 5 Ψ, Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 21–22.VII.1973, Peiyu Yu (CAU); ɗ, Zhejiang, Tianmushan (IZCAS); ɗ, Zhejiang, Longwangshan, 490 m, 12–14.VI.1996, Chikun Yang (CAU); 2 ɗ 5 Ψ, Hunan, Nanyue, Mojingtai, 20–23.VI.1963, Chikun Yang (CAU); Ψ, Hunan, Hengshan, 12.VII.1980 (IZCAS); 2 Ψ, Hunan, Yongshun, Shanmuhe Forestry Center, 600 m, 4–7.VIII.1988 (IZCAS); 3Ψ Hubei, Lichuan, 810 m, 20–23.VII.1989, Shuyong Wang (IZCAS); ɗ, Jiangxi, Arboretum of Lushan, 8.VIII.1975 (IZCAS); 2 ɗ, Jiangxi, Guling, 13– 17.VII.1935 (IZCAS); ɗ, Jiangxi, Guling, 2.VIII.1935 (IZCAS); 2 ɗ, Anhui, Huangshan, Wenquan, 17– 20.VII.1977, Fasheng Li (CAU); 4 ɗ 3 Ψ, Henan, Shangcheng, Huangbaishan, 200 m, 14.VII.1999, Xiaocheng Shen & Yingdang Ren (CAU); ɗ Ψ, Taiwan, Wulai, 5.V.1994, T. Shimizu (HC); 2 Ψ, Taiwan, Wulai, 29.VI.1987, Fumio Hayashi (HC); ɗ, Taiwan, Wulai, emerged from reared larva, Fumio Hayashi (CAU); Ψ, Taiwan, emerged from reared larva in 1988, Fumio Hayashi (CAU).
Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); India (Assam).
Remarks. After the revision by Kimmins (1948), P. c o s t a l i s is considered to be a valid species and not a synonym of Hermes anticus Walker. For comparison of P. costalis with other related species, see the remarks under P. yunnanensis.
description: Published as part of Liu, Xingyue, Hayashi, Fumio & Yang, Ding, 2007, Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), pp. 1-46 in Zootaxa 1439 on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175948