Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp
Creators: name: Nagata, Renato Mitsuo
name: Júnior, Miodeli Nogueira
name: Haddad, Maria Angélica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Lovenellidae
Cirrholovenia
Cirrholovenia tetranema

description: Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp
(Fig. 14)
References consulted. Kramp 1959b: 254, fig. 17. Kramp 1961: 173. Kramp 1968: 79–80, fig. 214. Goy 1979: 276, fig. 14. Kubota 1995: 365–378, figs 2–3 and 6. Bouillon 1999: 423, fig. 3.84. Tronolone 2001: 99–102, figs 24 A–C. Bouillon et al. 2004: 134, figs 70 A– C. Xu & Huang 2004: 111–113, fig. 3. Nogueira 2012, fig. 8.
Material. Municipality of Pontal do Paraná, Balneário de Praia de Leste (25º46’32”S – 48º12’15”W): 24/02/ 1999 — 1 specimen; (25º48’10”S – 48º04’90”W): 24/03/1999 — 1 specimen.
Reference specimens deposited. Dzoo-Cn 247, 1 specimen.
World distribution. Indian Ocean; India (Navas-Pereira & Vannucci 1991), Strait of Malacca, and Philippines (Kramp 1968). Pacific Ocean; Japan (Kubota 1995). Mediterranean Sea (Bouillon et al. 2004). Atlantic Ocean; Brazil (see below).
Distribution in Brazil. State of Pernambuco (Goy 1979), and from São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul (Moreira 1970, 1975; Navas-Pereira 1981; Tronolone 2001; Nogueira 2012; this study).
Description. Umbrella nearly hemispherical, as high as broad, 1.8–2.1 mm in umbrellar height. Mesoglea thin, velum narrow. Manubrium small, cruciform, mouth with 4 short and simple lips. Gonads voluminous, cylindrical, along almost whole length of radial canals. 4 wide tentacular bulbs, without rudimentary bulbs. Although previous investigators have reported 4 to 15 marginal cirri per quadrant (Kramp 1959b, 1968; Kubota 1995; Bouillon 1999; Tronolone, 2001), the two specimens analyzed had only 1–2; cirri might have been lost during collection. Four interradial statocysts, or 8–9 adradial (Kramp 1959b; Kubota 1995).
Systematic remarks. Four valid species are in the genus (Schuchert 2013). Cirrholovenia polynema Kramp is the largest (up to 12 mm in diameter), has the largest number of tentacles (32–40), cirri (up to 8 between tentacles), statocysts (2 between tentacles), thick mesoglea, crenulated lips, and wide and square mouth and manubrium in fixed animals (Kramp 1959b, 1968). Cirrholovenia reticulata Xu & Huang 2004 has a thick mesoglea and the exumbrella covered by a net of papillae (Xu & Huang 2004).
Our specimens were significantly larger than those previously reported in the literature, which measured about 1.5 mm in diameter (Kramp 1959b, 1961; Tronolone 2001; Bouillon et al. 2004). Only Kubota (1995) reported specimens from Japan up to 2.5 mm.
Biological data. C. tetranema is rare in Brazil, usually found in small numbers, in shallow waters (Navas- Pereira 1981; Tronolone 2001) or in estuaries, such as São Francisco do Sul Bay (Nogueira 2012). According to Moreira (1978) the species tolerates low salinities in the laboratory. Kubota (1995) described stages of young medusae, their growth, cnidome, and spawning time of gametes.
description: Published as part of Nagata, Renato Mitsuo, Júnior, Miodeli Nogueira & Haddad, Maria Angélica, 2014, Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Paraná State, Southern Brazil, pp. 291-326 in Zootaxa 3768 (3) on pages 303-304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/252337