cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identification_of_Ransomware_families_by_Analyzing_Network_Traffic_Using_Machine_Learning_Techniques.pdf
Creators: name: osawere, Janet
name: Almousa, May
name: Anwar, Mohd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460401
subject: Cryptography
classificationCode: 460402
subject: Data and information privacy
classificationCode: 460403
subject: Data security and protection
classificationCode: 460407
subject: System and network security
classificationCode: 460406
subject: Software and application security
classificationCode: 460499
subject: Cybersecurity and privacy not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 460599
subject: Data management and data science not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 460501
subject: Data engineering and data science
classificationCode: 460601
subject: Cloud computing
classificationCode: 460609
subject: Networking and communications

description: The number of prominent ransomware attacks has increased recently. In this research, we detect ransomware by analyzing network traffic by using machine learning algorithms and comparing their detection performances. We have developed multi-class classification models to detect families of ransomware by using the selected network traffic features, which focus on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Our experiment showed that decision trees performed best for classifying ransomware families with 99.83% accuracy, which is slightly better than the random forest algorithm with 99.61% accuracy. The experi- mental result without feature selection classified six ransomware families with high accuracy. On the other hand, classifiers with feature selection gave nearly the same result as those without feature selection. However, using feature selection gives the advantage of lower memory usage and reduced processing time, thereby increasing speed. We discovered the following ten important features for detecting ransomware: time delta, frame length, IP length, IP destination, IP source, TCP length, TCP sequence, TCP next sequence, TCP header length, and TCP initial round trip.
The formation of the stripped envelope type II b Supernova progenitors: Rotation, Metallicity and Overshooting
Creators: name: Long, Gang
name: Song, Hanfeng
name: Meynet, Georges
name: Maeder, Andre
name: Zhang, Ruiyu
name: Qin, Ying
name: Ekströmt, Sylvia
name: Georgy, Cyril
name: Zhao, Liuyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type IIb supernovae are believed to originate from core-collapse progenitors having kept only a very thin hydrogen envelope. We aim to explore how some physical factors, such as rotation, metallicity, overshooting, and the initial orbital period in binaries, significantly affect the Roche lobe overflow and the formation of type IIb supernovae. It is found that binaries are the main channel that capable of producing type typeIIb supernovae progenitors in the mass range for initial masses below 20 $M_{\odot}$. The formation of type IIb supernova progenitors is extremely sensitive to the initial orbital period. A less massive hydrogen indicates smaller radius and a higher effective temperatures, and vice versa. Binary systems with initial periods between 300 and 720 days produce type IIb progenitors that are a red supergiant. Those with an initial period between 50 and 300 days produce yellow supergiant progenitors and those with initial periods shorter than 50 days, blue supergiant progenitors. Both rapid rotation and larger overshooting can enlarge the carbon-oxygen core mass and lead to higher core temperature and lower central density at the pre-collapse phase. They are also beneficial to surface nitrogen enrichment but restrict the efficiency of the first dredge-up. SN IIb progenitors with low metallicity have smaller hydrogen envelope masses and radii than the high metallicity counterparts. Ultra-stripped binary models have systematically higher core mass fraction $\rm ^{12}C$ left, which has important influence on the compactness of type IIb progenitors.
description: Accepted in ApJS
Complex gaseous structure in the nucleus of NGC 5252
Creators: name: Morse, J.A.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Tsvetanov, Z.I.
name: Wilson, A.S.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 1996

description: We present several Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 emission-line and continuum images of NGC 5252, a Seyfert 2 S0 galaxy with a large-scale " ionization bi-cone." In the Hα + [N II] image, the nucleus is bracketed at ∼0″.3 radii by two bright emission-line clumps along P.A. = 35° (∼20° from the major axis of the large-scale stellar disk). These three knots dominate the emission in the innermost ∼ 1″ (∼450 pc at 92 Mpc distance). Two major and several smaller spiral filaments, wound tightly counterclockwise, extend ∼ 3″ to the northwest and ∼4″.5 to the southeast of the nucleus. Several of these filaments extend from the two clumps near the nucleus, possibly indicating that the three collinear knots comprise a bar. Our Fabry-Perot velocity map shows that the spiral pattern is rotating, in a disk inclined significantly to both the galaxy stellar disk and the radio jets. The nuclear radio jets appear to have no obvious association with the Hα + [N II] filaments and clumps. Although most of the line flux is emitted within the inward extrapolation of the largescale ionization bi-cone, some of the Hα + [N II] filaments extend beyond the cone boundaries. A remarkable D-shaped pattern of obscuring dust is visible on the northwest side of the galaxy major axis. Most of the spiral filaments in the Hα + [N II] image also appear in the obscuration map. The extinction by the filaments requires a column density of NH ≈ 5 7times; 1020 cm-2. If the filaments are uniformly filled, both the gas responsible for the extinction and the ionized gas responsible for the emission have number densities of a few cm-3.
Additional file 5 of A systematic review of mechanistic models used to study avian influenza virus transmission and control
Creators: name: Lambert, Sébastien
name: Bauzile, Billy
name: Mugnier, Amélie
name: Durand, Benoit
name: Vergne, Timothée
name: Paul, Mathilde C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Parameter values used in between-farms transmission models. [38, 41–43, 46–48, 50, 54–56, 59–61, 63, 67–72, 75, 101, 102, 116, 122, 126, 129, 136–142].
The post-merger elliptical NGC 1700: Stellar kinematic fields to four effective radii
Creators: name: Statler, T.S.
name: Smecker-Hane, T.
name: Cecil, G.N.
Publisher: name: University of Chicago Press
Year: 1996

description: We have measured the stellar motions in the elliptical galaxy NGC 1700 along four position angles, to very large radii, using absorption features in spectra obtained with the Multiple Mirror Telescope. Our data extend the coverage of the stellar velocity field by a factor of 5 (2.5 times further in radius and twice as many PAs) beyond previous work. We have attained 10 km s-1 accuracy in the mean velocity V out to nearly 2 effective radii (re), and errors are <15% of the maximum rotation speed out to nearly 3 re. The lack of detectable minor-axis rotation and the nearly identical kinematics on the ±45° PAs suggest that NGC 1700 is nearly oblate for r≲2.5re. Beyond this radius, twisting of the morphological and kinematic axes indicate increasing triaxiality, an intrinsic twist, or both. The velocity distribution in the low-amplitude counterrotating core is weakly skewed in the direction of rotation, arguing against a central stellar disk. The small skewness and the depression of the central velocity dispersion are consistent with the accretion of a low-mass stellar companion in a retrograde orbit. Photometric fine structure at large radii (Schweizer & Seitzer 1992) is also indicative of a merger; a velocity reversal ∼50″ northeast suggests a major event. However, radially increasing prograde rotation in the main body of the galaxy implies that this was not the same event responsible for the counterrotating core. The strong rotation at large R and the nearly oblate shape are consistent with N-body simulations of group mergers (Weil 1995); that all disturbances inside ∼2.5re have phase-mixed out suggests that NGC 1700 owes its present form to a merger of 3 or more stellar systems 2 - 4h-1 Gyr ago.
Magnetic properties of the layered heavy fermion antiferromagnet CePdGa$_6$
Creators: name: Ye, H. Q.
name: Le, T.
name: Su, H.
name: Zhang, Y. N.
name: Luo, S. S.
name: Gutmann, M. J.
name: Yuan, H. Q.
name: Smidman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the magnetic properties of the layered heavy fermion antiferromagnet CePdGa$_{6}$, and their evolution upon tuning with the application of magnetic field and pressure. CePdGa$_{6}$ orders antiferromagnetically below $T\rm_{N}$ = 5.2 K, where there is evidence for heavy fermion behavior from an enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient. Our results are best explained by a magnetic ground state of ferromagnetically coupled layers of Ce $4f$-moments orientated along the $c$-axis, with antiferromagnetic coupling between layers. At low temperatures we observe two metamagnetic transitions for fields applied along the $c$-axis corresponding to spin-flip transitions, where the lower transition is to a different magnetic phase with a magnetization one-third of the saturated value. From our analysis of the magnetic susceptibility, we propose a CEF level scheme which accounts for the Ising anisotropy at low temperatures, and we find that the evolution of the magnetic ground state can be explained considering both antiferromagnetic exchange between nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor layers, indicating the influence of long-range interactions. Meanwhile we find little change of $T\rm_{N}$ upon applying hydrostatic pressures up to 2.2 GPa, suggesting that significantly higher pressures are required to examine for possible quantum critical behaviors.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Detecting and analysing the topology of the cosmic web with spatial clustering algorithms I: Methods
Creators: name: Kelesis, Dimitrios
name: Basilakos, Spyros
name: Lesta, Vicky Papadopoulou
name: Fotakis, Dimitris
name: Efstathiou, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explore the use of spatial clustering algorithms as a new computational approach for modeling the cosmic web. We demonstrate that such algorithms are efficient in terms of computing time needed. We explore three distinct spatial methods which we suitably adjust for (i) detecting the topology of the cosmic web and (ii) categorizing various cosmic structures as voids, walls, clusters and superclusters based on a variety of topological and physical criteria such as the physical distance between objects, their masses and local densities. The methods explored are (1) a new spatial method called Gravity Lattice ; (2) a modified version of another spatial clustering algorithm, the ABACUS; and (3) the well known spatial clustering algorithm HDBSCAN. We utilize HDBSCAN in order to detect cosmic structures and categorize them using their overdensity. We demonstrate that the ABACUS method can be combined with the classic DTFE method to obtain similar results in terms of the achieved accuracy with about an order of magnitude less computation time. To further solidify our claims, we draw insights from the computer science domain and compare the quality of the results with and without the application of our method. Finally, we further extend our experiments and verify their effectiveness by showing their ability to scale well with different cosmic web structures that formed at different redshifts.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Spectral evidence for shock-ionized gas along the jets of NGC 4258
Creators: name: Morse, J.A.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Veilleux, S.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 1995

description: We use Fabry-Perot and long-slit spectra with radio, molecular, and X-ray data sets to study the twisted, multistrand jets in the nearby active galaxy NGC 4258 (M 106). Their several arcminute extent and the extensive wavelength coverage of their interaction with the ISM make these jets an important laboratory for studying the processes likely to dominate the appearance of high-z radio galaxies. A VLA A-array image at 20 cm traces the jet down to 2″ (70 pc) radius and shows that it is perpendicular to the subparsec nuclear disk that is delineated by H2O masers. Our long-slit spectra span the jet and range over 3640-8560Å at 4.5 Å resolution. We measure a central stellar velocity dispersion of 171 km s-1. This is smaller than the line widths of the ionized gas and is too low to explain the observed oscillations in the centroids of the emission-line profiles by virial motion within the bulge potential. Mean stellar velocities agree with those of the gas along the jet axis and are consistent with bar-forced motions in the large-scale disk of the galaxy. From the emission-line flux ratios, we find LINER-like gaseous excitation along the jets and constrain the gas temperatures. For the N+ and O+ emitting gas, we found that T < 104 K, and for the S+ gas T < 19,000 K. The O++ temperature is weakly constrained to be less than 30,000 K. Flux ratios remain constant along the SE jet, with ionization parameter log U ≈ -3.5. Our models show that these ratios can be generated by ≈350 km s-1 shocks, velocities consistent with the amplitude of kinematic oscillations in the emission-line profiles and with the observed thermal X-ray spectrum of the jet of temperature 0.3 keV. A modest ambient gas density of 0.2 cm-3 can produce both the jet's X-ray flux and enough ionizing photons to account for the jet's Hα flux. In contrast, the present ionizing flux from the AGN is ≈103 times too low to directly photoionize the jets. Therefore, molecular gas that is known to lie along the jets may be shocked and photoionized locally as it is entrained. We constrain the star formation induced by the SE jet. The jets do not emit a continuum within the interval λλ = 0.38-0.88 μm down to a surface brightness of 3 × 10-17 ergs cm-2 s-1 Å-1 arcsec-2.
Millimeter-wave Evolution for 5G Cellular Networks
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, Kei
name: Tran, Gia Khanh
name: Shimodaira, Hidekazu
name: Nanba, Shinobu
name: Sakurai, Toshiaki
name: Takinami, Koji
name: Siaud, Isabelle
name: Strinati, Emilio Calvanese
name: Capone, Antonio
name: Karls, Ingolf
name: Arefi, Reza
name: Haustein, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Triggered by the explosion of mobile traffic, 5G (5th Generation) cellular network requires evolution to increase the system rate 1000 times higher than the current systems in 10 years. Motivated by this common problem, there are several studies to integrate mm-wave access into current cellular networks as multi-band heterogeneous networks to exploit the ultra-wideband aspect of the mm-wave band. The authors of this paper have proposed comprehensive architecture of cellular networks with mm-wave access, where mm-wave small cell basestations and a conventional macro basestation are connected to Centralized-RAN (C-RAN) to effectively operate the system by enabling power efficient seamless handover as well as centralized resource control including dynamic cell structuring to match the limited coverage of mm-wave access with high traffic user locations via user-plane/control-plane splitting. In this paper, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed 5G cellular networks with mm-wave access, system level simulation is conducted by introducing an expected future traffic model, a measurement based mm-wave propagation model, and a centralized cell association algorithm by exploiting the C-RAN architecture. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed network to realize 1000 times higher system rate than the current network in 10 years which is not achieved by the small cells using commonly considered 3.5 GHz band. Furthermore, the paper also gives latest status of mm-wave devices and regulations to show the feasibility of using mm-wave in the 5G systems.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted to be published in IEICE Transactions on Communications. (Mar. 2015)
The interstellar disk-halo connection in the spiral galaxy NGC 3079
Creators: name: Cecil, G.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Veilleux, S.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 1995

description: We discuss the morphology and excitation of ionized gas in the nearby Sc galaxy NGC 3079. The almost edge-on orientation is ideal for studying the vertical structure of the gaseous disk, and especially the diffuse ionized medium (DIM) found between the bright H II regions. We used the Hawaii Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (HIFI) to map 150,000 Hα + [N II] λλ6548, 6583 emission-line profiles across the entire disk, with resolution 70 km s-1 at subarcsecond steps, down to a flux level of ∼10-17 ergs s-1 cm-2 (EM ≈ 4 cm-6 pc). The DIM contributes ∼30% of the total disk Hα emission within a radius of 10 kpc. The DIM has broader emission lines and larger [N II]/Hα flux ratios than the adjacent H II regions. Within a radius of 5 kpc, we find that the X-shaped filaments reported in previous studies emerge from the inner (R ≈ 1.5 kpc) disk, and rise more than 4 kpc above the disk plane. The morphology, kinematics, and excitation of the filaments suggest that they form a biconic interface between the undisturbed disk gas, and gas entrained in the wideangle outflow. The DIM beyond 5 kpc radius is more vertically extended than the thick ionized disk detected in our Galaxy and in a few nearby edge-on systems. After correcting for dust, the vertical profile of this DIM has an exponential scale height of about 1.1 kpc, similar to that of the H I disk. The [N II] λ6583/Hα flux ratio of the DIM increases monotonically with vertical height, reaching unity for |z| ≳ 2.5 kpc. The flux required to keep the DIM ionized at R = 8 kpc is similar to that near the solar circle of our Galaxy. Highly dilute radiation from O stars in the galactic plane probably maintains the DIM. The total mass of the DIM is of order 108-109 M⊙, representing less than 1% of the total dynamical mass of NGC 3079. Mechanical energy from intense star formation in the disk probably lifts the DIM above the disk. The several bubbles and filaments within 1 kpc of the disk plane is direct evidence for gas flow between the disk and halo.
Abundant ammonium hydrosulphide embedded in cometary dust grains
Creators: name: Altwegg, K.
name: Combi, M.
name: Fuselier, S. A.
name: Hänni, N.
name: De Keyser, J.
name: Mahjoub, A.
name: Müller, D. R.
name: Pestoni, B.
name: Rubin, M.
name: Wampfler, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ammonium hydrosulphide has long since been postulated to exist at least in certain layers of the giant planets. Its radiation products may be the reason for the red colour seen on Jupiter. Several ammonium salts, the products of NH3 and an acid, have previously been detected at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The acid H2S is the fifth most abundant molecule in the coma of 67P followed by NH3. In order to look for the salt NH4+SH-, we analysed in situ measurements from the Rosetta/ROSINA Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer during the Rosetta mission. NH3 and H2S appear to be independent of each other when sublimating directly from the nucleus. However, we observe a strong correlation between the two species during dust impacts, clearly pointing to the salt. We find that NH4+SH- is by far the most abundant salt, more abundant in the dust impacts than even water. We also find all previously detected ammonium salts and for the first time ammonium fluoride. The amount of ammonia and acids balance each other, confirming that ammonia is mostly in the form of salt embedded into dust grains. Allotropes S2 and S3 are strongly enhanced in the impacts, while H2S2 and its fragment HS2 are not detected, which is most probably the result of radiolysis of NH4+SH-. This makes a prestellar origin of the salt likely. Our findings may explain the apparent depletion of nitrogen in comets and maybe help to solve the riddle of the missing sulphur in star forming regions.
description: accepted by MNRAS
Farm Financial Analysis for Small-Scale, Organic Mixed Vegetable Operation
Creators: name: osawere, Janet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300208
subject: Farm management, rural management and agribusiness
classificationCode: 300299
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 380101
subject: Agricultural economics
classificationCode: 380107
subject: Financial economics

description: The small farmers in the United States face challenges from market uncertainties andclimate variations. Many small farmers do not keep consistent financial records, thus making it difficult to analyze their profitability and make decisions in planning. This research is to use a real farm production simulation from Goldsboro, North Carolina, to collect data from 2017 to 2018 for farm financial analysis that mimics a small-scale certified organic mixed vegetable production. The goal is to use the information from Goldsboro, North Carolina to help small- scale organic mixed vegetable farmers to identify the main strengths and weaknesses of farm operation; to predict, compare, evaluate profitability and make the right decisions.We gathered data from Goldsboro North Carolina for four seasons, certified organic mixed vegetable operation; FALL 2017, SPRING 2018, SUMMER 2018, and FALL 2018 farm input and output records data for each season were collected. Each season’s data were entered using Microsoft Excel 2013 to develop an integrated farm financial statement to build a Startup Cost, Use of Funds and Source of Funds, Cash Flow Statement, Income Statement, and Balance Sheet. The fixed assets were depreciated using the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) depreciation schedule. Equipment and tools were depreciated using five years.The results of the research support small-scale organic mixed vegetable farmers to establish a consistent record-keeping system. The results also support the small farmer to develop and monitor the net cash flow, net earnings, and the debt to equity ratio from the financial statement. The financial statement helps farmers to understand what they possess on the farm and what they do not have, to determine things that need to be removed from the farm as well as to the efficiency level.
Geometric discord: A resource for increments of quantum key distribution through twirling
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaohua
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we consider a scenario where an arbitrary two-qubit pure state is applied to generate a randomly distributed key via the generalized EPR protocol. Using the twirling procedure to convert the pure state into a Werner state, the error rate of the key can be reduced by a factor of $2/3$. This effect indicates that entanglement is not the sufficient resource of the generalized EPR protocol since it is not increased in the twirling procedure. Instead of entanglement, the geometric discord is suggested to be the general quantum resource for this task.
description: 4 pages, no figure, comments are welcome
Identifying Active Irrigated Cropping Using Digital Earth Africa Data Cube
Creators: name: Digital Earth Africa
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Landsat 8
Surface temperatrure
ERA5
Climate
Temperature

description: What is it About
Background
Canopy temperature can be used as a measure of plant health. Where there are limited water transpiration decreases and plant temperature subsequently increases. During periods of moisture stress in dryland (rainfed) cropping systems can be overcome by water application in irrigated cropping systems. The surface temperature Dataset from Landsat 8 satellite can be used to calculate canopy temperature at a larger scale. In this notebook, we will use Landsat 8 measurements of air temperature modeled by ERA5 to approximate Ta and the Landsat surface temperature product to approximate Tc to calculate the difference between dryland and irrigated cropland.
This notebook allows for easy replication of analysis across Africa, by simply changing the analysis parameters. The user guide provides an overview of the analysis, resources used/supplied, and directions on how to reproduce the research.
This knowledge package includes the necessary data, computational resources, and instructions required to reproduce the methodology used in Digital Earth Africa's ' Identifying Active Irrigated Cropping' Jupyter Notebook. 
The User's Guide provides an overview of the application.
Accurate, Low-latency, Efficient SAR Automatic Target Recognition on FPGA
Creators: name: Zhang, Bingyi
name: Kannan, Rajgopal
name: Prasanna, Viktor
name: Busart, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) is the key technique for remote-sensing image recognition. The state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for SAR ATR suffer from \emph{high computation cost} and \emph{large memory footprint}, making them unsuitable to be deployed on resource-limited platforms, such as small/micro satellites. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive GNN-based model-architecture {co-design} on FPGA to address the above issues. \emph{Model design}: we design a novel graph neural network (GNN) for SAR ATR. The proposed GNN model incorporates GraphSAGE layer operators and attention mechanism, achieving comparable accuracy as the state-of-the-art work with near $1/100$ computation cost. Then, we propose a pruning approach including weight pruning and input pruning. While weight pruning through lasso regression reduces most parameters without accuracy drop, input pruning eliminates most input pixels with negligible accuracy drop. \emph{Architecture design}: to fully unleash the computation parallelism within the proposed model, we develop a novel unified hardware architecture that can execute various computation kernels (feature aggregation, feature transformation, graph pooling). The proposed hardware design adopts the Scatter-Gather paradigm to efficiently handle the irregular computation {patterns} of various computation kernels. We deploy the proposed design on an embedded FPGA (AMD Xilinx ZCU104) and evaluate the performance using MSTAR dataset. Compared with the state-of-the-art CNNs, the proposed GNN achieves comparable accuracy with $1/3258$ computation cost and $1/83$ model size. Compared with the state-of-the-art CPU/GPU, our FPGA accelerator achieves $14.8\times$/$2.5\times$ speedup (latency) and is $62\times$/$39\times$ more energy efficient.
Extending the energy range of AstroSat-CZTI up to 380 keV with Compton Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhay
name: Chattopadhyay, Tanmoy
name: Vadawale, Santosh V.
name: Rao, A. R.
name: S., Mithun N. P.
name: Bhalerao, Varun
name: Bhattacharya, Dipankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CZTI (Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager) onboard AstroSat is a high energy coded mask imager and spectrometer in the energy range of 20 - 100 keV. Above 100 keV, the dominance of Compton scattering cross-section in CZTI results in a significant number of 2-pixel Compton events and these have been successfully utilized for polarization analysis of Crab pulsar and nebula (and transients like Gamma-ray bursts) in 100 - 380 keV. These 2-pixel Compton events can also be used to extend the spectroscopic energy range of CZTI up to 380 keV for bright sources. However, unlike the spectroscopy in primary energy range, where simultaneous background measurement is available from masked pixels, Compton spectroscopy requires blank sky observation for background measurement. Background subtraction, in this case, is non-trivial because of the presence of both short-term and long-term temporal variations in the data, which depend on multiple factors like earth rotation and the effect of South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) regions etc. We have developed a methodology of background selection and subtraction that takes into account for these effects. Here, we describe these background selection and subtraction techniques and validate them using spectroscopy of Crab in the extended energy range of 30 - 380 keV region, and compare the obtained spectral parameters with the INTEGRAL results. This new capability allows for the extension of the energy range of AstroSat spectroscopy and will also enable the simultaneous spectro-polarimetric study of other bright sources like Cygnus X-1.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Journal
Climate Change and Astronomy: A Look at Long-Term Trends on Maunakea
Creators: name: van Kooten, Maaike A. M.
name: Izett, Jonathan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maunakea is one of the world's primary sites for astronomical observing, with multiple telescopes operating over sub-millimeter to optical wavelengths. With its summit higher than 4200 meters above sea level, Maunakea is an ideal location for astronomy with an historically dry, stable climate and minimal turbulence above the summit. Under a changing climate, however, we ask how the (above-) summit conditions may have evolved in recent decades since the site was first selected as an observatory location, and how future-proof the site might be to continued change. We use data from a range of sources, including in-situ meteorological observations, radiosonde profiles, and numerical reanalyses to construct a climatology at Maunakea over the previous 40 years. We are interested in both the meteorological conditions (e.g., wind speed and humidity), and the image quality (e.g., seeing). We find that meteorological conditions were, in general, relatively stable over the period with few statistically significant trends and with quasi-cyclical inter-annual variability in astronomically significant parameters such as temperature and precipitable water vapour. We do, however, find that maximum wind speeds have increased over the past decades, with the frequency of wind speeds above 15~m~s$^{-1}$ increasing in frequency by 1--2%, which may have a significant impact on ground-layer turbulence. Importantly, we find that the Fried parameter has not changed in the last 40 years, suggesting there has not been an increase in optical turbulence strength above the summit. Ultimately, more data and data sources-including profiling instruments-are needed at the site to ensure continued monitoring into the future and to detect changes in the summit climate.
description: Accepted to Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific on July 18, 2022. 22 pages, 16 figures
Hot shocked gas along the jets of NGC 4258 (M106)
Creators: name: Cecil, G.
name: Wilson, A.S.
name: De Pree, C.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 1995

description: The ROSAT HRI and PSPC detectors have been used to study the soft X-ray emission of the nearby SABbc galaxy NGC 4258 (M106). The helically twisted, nuclear jets, previously detected in radio continuum and visual emission-line studies, are found to dominate the X-ray images. After correcting pointing errors of up to ±7″ in our HRI observation, we find that the southeast jet is spatially unresolved transversely along much of its 2′.5 (5 kpc) length. The northwest jet is more diffuse, and the extensive radio "plateaus" also emit X-rays. The energy spectrum of the jets from the PSPC exposure is noisy but is best fitted as a Raymond-Smith plasma with kT = 0.3 keV, log NH ≈ 20.0 cm-2, and luminosity 1.6 × 1040 ergs s-1 between 0.1 and 2.4 keV. Gas at this temperature can arise from planar shocks of 500 km s-1 and may have been entrained as the jets scrape along the molecular clouds that are known to be adjacent to the jets. The range of radial velocities from our published visual emission-line spectra of the jet are consistent with such a shock speed. We estimate that the mass of hot gas in the jets is 6 × 104 (1 cm-3/ne) M⊙, with ne the average electron density. The inferred pressure of hot gas in the southeast jet may be similar to the radio equipartition pressure and to the ambient pressure of the ISM. The X-ray spectral fit is poor above 0.7 keV and requires an additional hard component that peaks near the nucleus.
Euclid space mission: a cosmological challenge for the next 15 years
Creators: name: Scaramella, R.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Amiaux, J.
name: Burigana, C.
name: Carvalho, C. S.
name: Cuillandre, J. C.
name: da Silva, A.
name: Dinis, J.
name: Derosa, A.
name: Maiorano, E.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Maris, M.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Tereno, I.
name: Wachter, S.
name: Amendola, L.
name: Cropper, M.
name: Cardone, V.
name: Massey, R.
name: Niemi, S.
name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Kitching, T.
name: Miller, L.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Semboloni, E.
name: Taylor, A.
name: Viola, M.
name: Maciaszek, T.
name: Ealet, A.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Jahnke, K.
name: Percival, W.
name: Pasian, F.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: Collaboration, the Euclid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Euclid is the next ESA mission devoted to cosmology. It aims at observing most of the extragalactic sky, studying both gravitational lensing and clustering over $\sim$15,000 square degrees. The mission is expected to be launched in year 2020 and to last six years. The sheer amount of data of different kinds, the variety of (un)known systematic effects and the complexity of measures require efforts both in sophisticated simulations and techniques of data analysis. We review the mission main characteristics, some aspects of the the survey and highlight some of the areas of interest to this meeting
description: to appear in Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 306, 2014, "Statistical Challenges in 21st Century Cosmology", A.F. Heavens, J.-L. Starck & A. Krone-Martins, eds
The nuclear superbubble of NGC 3079
Creators: name: Filippenko, A.V.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Veilleux, S.
name: Sargent, W.L.W.
name: Tully, R.B.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 1994

description: We have used the Hawaii Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (HIFI) at the CFH 3.6 m telescope to map Hα + [N II] λλ6548, 6583 emission-line profiles across the entire edge-on, nearby SBc galaxy NGC 3079, with resolution 70 km s-1 and subarsecond sampling. Blue and red long-slit spectra were obtained with the Double Spectrograph on the Palomar 5 meter telescope to provide additional emission-line diagnostics. A spectacular, line emitting bubble of diameter 13″ (∼1.1 kpc) is observed immediately east of the nucleus. Its unusual gaseous excitation (e.g., [N II] λ6583/Hα > 1) suggests that shocks are important. Extremely violent gas motions that range over 2000 km s-1 are detected across the bubble and diametrically opposite on the west side of the nucleus. Nonrotational motions are also found in the inner galaxy disk. The complete spatial and spectral sampling of the emission-line profiles allows us to constrain the general flow pattern of the gas in the line-emitting bubble. An ovoidal bubble, inflated from the nucleus with monotonically increasing velocities (V ∝ Rn with 2 < n < 3) and inclined ∼3° from the plane of the sky, provides a good first-order fit to its velocity field. A total ionized mass and kinetic energy of ∼1 × 107/Ne M⊙ and ∼2 × 1056/Ne ergs, respectively, are involved in this outflow. Although the [S II] density in the bubble is only weakly constrained, we find no convincing evidence anywhere in the bubble (even near the nucleus) for the [S II] density to be above the low-density limit (Ne ≈ 125 cm-3). The radial density gradient previously reported in this galaxy is not confirmed, so the [S II] density profile cannot be used to find the size of the energy injection zone in this object. The Balmer decrements in the nucleus and the brighter regions of the outflow show a steep decrease in reddening away from the galaxy plane. The outflow mass is similar to, but the kinetic energy may be 10 times larger than, the superwinds in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 and the starburst galaxy M82. Therefore, the superbubble of NGC 3079 is the most powerful example known of a windblown bubble, and an excellent laboratory to study wind dynamics. The dimensions and energies of the bubble imply that it is likely to be in the blowout phase and partially ruptured. The predicted rate of kinetic energy output from the central starburst appears sufficient to power most of this outflow. It is possible that a central active galactic nucleus also contributes to the outflow.
X-ray view of a merging supermassive black hole binary candidate SDSSJ1430+2303: Results from the first ~200 days of observations
Creators: name: Dou, Liming
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Shu, Xinwen
name: Yang, Huan
name: Pan, Zhen
name: Zhu, Jiazheng
name: An, Tao
name: Zheng, Zhen-Ya
name: Ai, Yanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently we discovered an unprecedented supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidate in the nearby Seyfert galaxy SDSS J1430+2303, which is predicted to merge within three years. X-ray spectroscopy may bring unique kinematic evidence for the last inspiraling stage, when the binary is too close to allow each of them to hold an individual broad line region. We try to confirm the unique SMBHB merger event and understand the associated high-energy processes from a comprehensive X-ray view. We observed SDSS J1430+2303 with XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, Chandra, and Swift spanning the first ~200 days since its discovery. X-ray variability, up to a factor of 7, has been detected on a timescale of a few days. The broadband spectrum from 0.2-70 keV can be well fitted with a model consisting of a power law and a relativistic reflection covered by a warm absorber. The properties of the warm absorber changed dramatically, for example, with a decrease in the line-of-sight velocity from ~0.2c to ~0.02c, between the two XMM-Newton observations separated by only 19 days, which can be naturally understood in the context of the SMBHB; although, the clumpy wind scenario cannot be completely excluded. Broad Fe Kalpha emission has been robustly detected, though its velocity shift or profile change is not yet measurable. Further longer X-ray observations are highly encouraged to detect the expected orbital motion of the binary.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
An improved hybrid regularization approach for extreme learning machine
Creators: name: Zhou, Liangjuan
name: Miao, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a network model that arbitrarily initializes the first hidden layer and can be computed speedily. In order to improve the classification performance of ELM, a $\ell_2$ and $\ell_{0.5}$ regularization ELM model ($\ell_{2}$-$\ell_{0.5}$-ELM) is proposed in this paper. An iterative optimization algorithm of the fixed point contraction mapping is applied to solve the $\ell_{2}$-$\ell_{0.5}$-ELM model. The convergence and sparsity of the proposed method are discussed and analyzed under reasonable assumptions. The performance of the proposed $\ell_{2}$-$\ell_{0.5}$-ELM method is compared with BP, SVM, ELM, $\ell_{0.5}$-ELM, $\ell_{1}$-ELM, $\ell_{2}$-ELM and $\ell_{2}$-$\ell_{1}$ELM, the results show that the prediction accuracy, sparsity, and stability of the $\ell_{2}$-$\ell_{0.5}$-ELM are better than the other $7$ models.
App-PIM: Métricas para evaluar el impacto de la privacidad en aplicaciones móviles. Documentos adjuntos para la candidatura al premio 'Emilio Aced' 2023.
Creators: name: Martínez González, M. Mercedes
name: Aparicio, Amador
name: Pérez de la Fuente, Alejandro
name: Crespo Guerrero, Javier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: privacy
mobile app
user
data protection

description: Material adicional para la candidatura al premio Emilio Aced de la AEPD, convocatoria 2023.

 

Repositorio.

• Presentación del TFG de Alejandro Pérez de la Fuente: Warehouse.
• Manual de utilización del repositorio de metadatos usando Postman.
• Contenidos del repositorio. Extraído de Pérez de la Fuente (2023) (Anexo).
• Documentación de la API para perfil de usuario que consulta el repositorio,
usuario normal.
• Documentación de la API para los perfiles de usuario normal y experto.
• Fichero Powerbi: permite el análisis de los datos del repositorio.

Aplicación APK Falcon.
• Presentación del TFG de Javier Crespo Guerrero: APK Falcon.
• Encuestas realizadas por un conjunto de usuarios que probó APK Falcon.
• Manual de usuario de APK Falcon. Extraído de Crespo Guerrero (2023).
• Pruebas realizadas a la aplicación de usuario: pruebas de funcionamiento y
pruebas de aceptación por usuarios. Extraído de Crespo Guerrero (2023).

Métrica.
• Copia del artículo publicado en el congreso CISTI 2022 Aparicio et al.
(2022).
title: Increasing Initiations of Communication for Students with Moderate and Severe Disabilities Using a Prompt Hierarchy
Creators: name: Queenan, Ryan Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Educational sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: The purpose of this study was to increase initiations of communication for high school students with moderate and severe disabilities using a prompt hierarchy in the context of environmental arrangements. A multiple probe across participants design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing a prompt hierarchy with an environmental arrangement. The results showed that when using a prompt hierarchy in the context of an environmental arrangement were effective in increasing initiations of communication for high school students with moderate and severe disabilities.
description: © 2022 Ryan Elizabeth Queenan
Safe, Efficient, and Robust Predictive Control of Constrained Nonlinear Systems
Creators: name: Vishnu R. Desaraju
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As autonomous systems are deployed in increasingly complex and uncertain environments, safe, accurate, and robust feedback control techniques are required to ensure reliable operation. Accurate trajectory tracking is essential to complete a variety of tasks, but this may be difficult if the system’s dynamics change online, e.g., due to environmental effects or hardware degradation. As a result, uncertainty mitigation techniques are also necessary to ensure safety and accuracy. This problem is well suited to a receding-horizon optimal control formulation via Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). NMPC employs a nonlinear model of the plant dynamics to compute non-myopic control policies, thereby improving tracking accuracy relative to reactive approaches. This formulation ensures constraints on the dynamics are satisfied and can compensate for uncertainty in the state and dynamics model via robust and adaptive extensions. However, existing NMPC techniques are computationally expensive, and many operating domains preclude reliable, high-rate communication with a base station. This is particularly difficult for small, agile systems, such as micro air vehicles, that have severely limited computation due to size, weight, and power restrictions but require high-rate feedback control to maintain stability. Therefore, the system must be able to operate safely and reliably with typically limited onboard computational resources. In this thesis, we propose a series of non-myopic, computationally-efficient, feedback control strategies that enable accurate and reliable operation in the presence of unmodeled system dynamics and state uncertainty. The key concept underlying these techniques is the reuse of past experiences to reduce online computation and enhance control performance in novel scenarios. These experiences inform an online-updated estimate of the system dynamics model and the choice of controller to optimize performance for a given scenario. We present a set of simulation and experimental studies with a small aerial robot operating in windy environments to assess the performance of the proposed control methodologies. These results demonstrate that leveraging past experiences to inform feedback control yields high-rate, constrained, robust-adaptive control and enables the deployment of predictive control techniques on systems with severe computational constraints.
Minimal model of transcriptional elongation processes with pauses
Creators: name: Wang, Jingkui
name: Pfeuty, Benjamin
name: Thommen, Quentin
name: Romano, Carmen
name: Lefranc, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Fundamental biological processes such as transcription and translation, where a genetic sequence is sequentially read by a macromolecule, have been well described by a classical model of non-equilibrium statistical physics, the totally asymmetric exclusion principle (TASEP). This model describes particles hopping between sites of a one-dimensional lattice, with the particle current determining the transcription or translation rate. An open problem is how to analyze a TASEP where particles can pause randomly, as has been observed during transcription. In this work, we report that surprisingly, a simple mean-field model predicts well the particle current for all values of the average pause duration, using a simple description of blocking behind paused particles.