cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatial Structure of City Population Growth
Creators: name: Reia, Sandro M.
name: Rao, P. Suresh C.
name: Barthelemy, Marc
name: Ukkusuri, Satish V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show here that population growth, resolved at the county level, is spatially heterogeneous both among and within the U.S. metropolitan statistical areas. Our analysis of data for over 3,100 U.S. counties reveals that annual population flows, resulting from domestic migration during the 2015 - 2019 period, are much larger than natural demographic growth, and are primarily responsible for this heterogeneous growth. More precisely, we show that intra-city flows are generally along a negative population density gradient, while inter-city flows are concentrated in high-density core areas. Intra-city flows are anisotropic and generally directed towards external counties of cities, driving asymmetrical urban sprawl. Such domestic migration dynamics are also responsible for tempering local population shocks by redistributing inflows within a given city. This "spill-over" effect leads to a smoother population dynamics at the county level, in contrast to that observed at the city level. Understanding the spatial structure of domestic migration flows is a key ingredient for analyzing their drivers and consequences, thus representing a crucial knowledge for urban policy makers and planners.
title: Das bisherige Wirken der Linken erläutert vom constitutionell monarchischen Verein für Freiheit und Gesetzmäßigkeit; [1849]
title: Beilage zur Bayerischen Landböttin, im März 1849 ; [München den 2. März 1849]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel. - Nicht identisch mit BV021050632 (dort ohne Beilagenvermerk)
Formation of trade networks by economies of scale and product differentiation
Creators: name: Han, Chengyuan
name: Schröder, Malte
name: Witthaut, Dirk
name: Böttcher, Philipp C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Understanding the structure and formation of networks is a central topic in complexity science. Economic networks are formed by decisions of individual agents and thus not properly described by established random graph models. In this article, we establish a model for the emergence of trade networks that is based on rational decisions of individual agents. The model incorporates key drivers for the emergence of trade, comparative advantage and economic scale effects, but also the heterogeneity of agents and the transportation or transaction costs. Numerical simulations show three macroscopically different regimes of the emerging trade networks. Depending on the specific transportation costs and the heterogeneity of individual preferences, we find centralized production with a star-like trade network, distributed production with all-to-all trading or local production and no trade. Using methods from statistical mechanics, we provide an analytic theory of the transitions between these regimes and estimates for critical parameters values.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
Rheumatoid arthritis-associated gene-gene interaction network for rheumatoid arthritis candidate genes
Creators: name: Zheng, Tian
name: Qiao, Bo
name: Lo, Shaw-Hwa
name: Xie, Jun
name: Huang, Chien-Hsun
name: Cong, Lei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biometry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA, MIM 180300) is a chronic and complex autoimmune disease. Using the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) data set provided in Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 (GAW16), we used the genotype-trait distortion (GTD) scores and proposed analysis procedures to capture the gene-gene interaction effects of multiple susceptibility gene regions on RA. In this paper, we focused on 27 RA candidate gene regions (531 SNPs) based on a literature search. Statistical significance was evaluated using 1000 permutations. HLADRB1 was found to have strong marginal association with RA. We identified 14 significant interactions (p < 0.01), which were aggregated into an association network among 12 selected candidate genes PADI4, FCGR3, TNFRSF1B, ITGAV, BTLA, SLC22A4, IL3, VEGF, TNF, NFKBIL1, TRAF1-C5, and MIF. Based on our and other contributors' findings during the GAW16 conference, we further studied 24 candidate regions with 336 SNPs. We found 23 significant interactions (p-value < 0.01), nine interactions in addition to our initial findings, and the association network was extended to include candidate genes HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, CTLA4, and IL6. As we will discuss in this paper, the reported possible interactions between genes may suggest potential biological activities of RA.
Optical Transmission Characterization of Fused Silica Materials Irradiated at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Yang, S.
name: Tate, A.
name: Longo, R.
name: Gilarte, M. Sabate
name: Cerutti, F.
name: Mazzoni, S.
name: Perdekamp, M. Grosse
name: Bravin, E.
name: Citron, Z.
name: Kühn, B.
name: Nürnberg, F.
name: Cole, B.
name: Fritchie, J.
name: Gelber, I.
name: Hoppesch, M.
name: Jackobsen, S.
name: Koeth, T.
name: Lantz, C.
name: MacLean, D.
name: Mignerey, A.
name: Murray, M.
name: Palm, M.
name: Phipps, M.
name: Popescu, S.
name: Santiago, N.
name: Steinberg, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Target Absorbers for Neutrals (TANs) represent one of the most radioactive regions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Seven 40 cm long fused silica rods with different dopant specifications, manufactured by Heraeus, were irradiated in one of the TANs located around the ATLAS experiment by the Beam RAte of Neutrals (BRAN) detector group. This campaign took place during the Run 2 p+p data taking, which occurred between 2016 and 2018. This paper reports a complete characterization of optical transmission per unit length of irradiated fused silica materials as a function of wavelength (240 nm - 1500 nm), dose (up to 18 MGy), and level of OH and H$_2$ dopants introduced in the manufacturing process. The dose delivered to the rods was estimated using Monte Carlo simulations performed by the CERN FLUKA team.
description: 29 pages, 15 figures, to be submitted to NIM-A
Additional file 1 of Global warming impairs the olfactory floral signaling in strawberry
Creators: name: Cordeiro, Guaraci Duran
name: Dötterl, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The amount (mg) of compounds contained in 150 µl of synthetic scent mixtures that were used for behavioral assays. The headspace of these mixtures resembled the floral scent emissions of 100 strawberry individuals (c. 400 flowers, as plants had in the mean four flowers that were open simultaneously) for optimum scenarios. Fig S1. Comparisons of chromatograms of flower scent emission in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) under optimum scenario with their respective synthetic scent mixture (green line). 1. benzyl alcohol; 2. methyl salicylate; 3. p-anisaldehyde; 4. (E,E)-α-farnesene. Scent compounds not numbered were vegetative components or contaminants. Fig S2. A-The flight cage in the Botanical Garden of the Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg. B-Set up of the behavioral experiments in the flight cage using artificial flowers and a Bombus terrestris bee on an artificial flower (inset photo); C- the small cage used indoors for behavioral assays; D- setup of indoor behavioral assays. For more details, see Methods.
Geometries, interaction energies and bonding in [Po(H$_2$O)$_n$]$^{4+}$ and [PoCl$_n$]$^{4-n}$ complexes
Creators: name: Zhutova, Nadiya
name: Réal, Florent
name: Vallet, Valérie
name: Maurice, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polonium (Z = 84) is one of the rarest elements on Earth. More than a century after its discovery, its chemistry remains poorly known and even basic questions are not yet satisfactorily addressed. In this work, we perform a systematic study of the geometries, interactions energies and bonding in basic polonium(IV) species, namely the hydrated [Po(H$_2$O)$_n$]$^{4+}$ and chlorinated [PoCl$_n$]$^{4-n}$ complexes by means of gas-phase electronic structure calculations. We show that while up to nine water molecules can fit in the first coordination sphere of the polonium(IV) ion, its coordination sphere can already be filled with eight chloride ligands. Capitalising on previous theoretical studies, a focused methodological study based on interaction energies and bond distances allows us to validate the MP2/def2- TZVP level of theory for future ground-state studies. After discussing similarities and differences between complexes with the same number of ligands, we perform topological analyses of the MP2 electron densities in the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) fashion. While the water complexes display typical signatures of closed-shell interactions, we reveal large Po-Cl delocalisation indices, especially in the hypothetical [PoCl]$^{3+}$ complex. This "enhanced" covalency opens the way for a significant spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect on the corresponding bond distance, which has been studied by two independent approaches (i.e. one a priori and one a posteriori). We finally conclude by stressing that while the SOC may not affect much the geometries of high-coordinated polonium(IV) complexes, it should definitely not be neglected in the case of low-coordinated ones.
Novae epistolae obscurorum virorum ex Francofurto Moenano ad D. Arnoldum Rugium philosophorum rubrum nec non abstractissimum datae; 1849
Creators: name: Schwetschke, Karl Gustav
name: Ruge, Arnold
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Verf. ermittelt
Inverse MultiView II: Microarcsecond Trigonometric Parallaxes for Southern Hemisphere 6.7~GHz Methanol Masers G232.62+00.99 and G323.74$-$00.26
Creators: name: Hyland, Lucas J.
name: Reid, Mark J.
name: Orosz, Gabor
name: Ellingsen, Simon P.
name: Weston, Stuart D.
name: Kumar, Jayendar
name: Dodson, Richard
name: Rioja, Maria J.
name: Hankey, Warren J.
name: Yates-Jones, Patrick M.
name: Natusch, Tim
name: Gulyaev, Sergei
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Brunthaler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results from the Southern Hemisphere Parallax Interferometric Radio Astrometry Legacy Survey (\spirals): $10μ$as-accurate parallaxes and proper motions for two southern hemisphere 6.7 GHz methanol masers obtained using the inverse MultiView calibration method. Using an array of radio telescopes in Australia and New Zealand, we measured the trigonometric parallax and proper motions for the masers associated with the star formation region G232.62+00.99 of $π= 0.610\pm0.011$~mas, $μ_x=-2.266\pm0.021$~mas~y$^{-1}$ and $μ_y=2.249\pm0.049$~mas~y$^{-1}$, which implies its distance to be $d=1.637\pm0.029$~kpc. These measurements represent an improvement in accuracy by more than a factor of 3 over the previous measurements obtained through Very Long Baseline Array observations of the 12~GHz methanol masers associated with this region. We also measure the trigonometric parallax and proper motion for G323.74--00.26 as $π= 0.364\pm0.009$~mas, $μ_x=-3.239\pm0.025$~mas~y$^{-1}$ and $μ_y=-3.976\pm0.039$~mas~y$^{-1}$, which implies a distance of $d=2.747\pm0.068$~kpc. These are the most accurate measurements of trigonometric parallax obtained for 6.7~GHz class II methanol masers to date. We confirm that G232.62+00.99 is in the Local arm and find that G323.74--00.26 is in the Scutum-Centaurus arm. We also investigate the structure and internal dynamics of both masers.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Cosmological constraints from the BOSS DR12 void size function
Creators: name: Contarini, Sofia
name: Pisani, Alice
name: Hamaus, Nico
name: Marulli, Federico
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Baldi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first cosmological constraints derived from the analysis of the void size function. This work relies on the final BOSS DR12 data set, a large spectroscopic galaxy catalog, ideal for the identification of cosmic voids. We extract a sample of voids from the distribution of galaxies and we apply a cleaning procedure aimed at reaching high levels of purity and completeness. We model the void size function by means of an extension of the popular volume-conserving model, based on two additional nuisance parameters. Relying on mock catalogs specifically designed to reproduce the BOSS DR12 galaxy sample, we calibrate the extended size function model parameters and validate the methodology. We then apply a Bayesian analysis to constrain the $Λ$CDM model and one of its simplest extensions, featuring a constant dark energy equation of state parameter, $w$. Following a conservative approach, we put constraints on the total matter density parameter and the amplitude of density fluctuations, finding $Ω_{\rm m}=0.29 \pm 0.06$ and $σ_8=0.79^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$. Testing the alternative scenario, we derive $w=-1.1\pm 0.2$, in agreement with the $Λ$CDM model. These results are independent and complementary to those derived from standard cosmological probes, opening up new ways to identify the origin of potential tensions in the current cosmological paradigm.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted by ApJ
Rehm, Johannes; Ulrich, Hans G. (Hrsg.): Menschenrecht auf Arbeit?
Creators: name: Hüttinger, Martin
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 17 (2015): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 17
Light dark matter around 100 GeV from the inert doublet model
Creators: name: AbdusSalam, Shehu
name: Kalhor, Leila
name: Mohammadidoust, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We made global fits of the inert Higgs doublet model (IDM) in the light of collider and dark matter search limits and the requirement for a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT). These show that there are still IDM parameter spaces compatible with the observational constraints considered. In particular, the data and theoretical requirements imposed favour the hypothesis for the existence of a scalar dark matter candidate around 100 GeV. This is mostly due to the pull towards lower masses by the EWPT constraint. The impact of electroweak precision measurements, the dark matter direct detection limits, and the condition for obtaining a strongly enough first-order EWPT, all have strong dependence, sometimes in opposing directions, on the mass splittings between the IDM scalars.
description: v2: minor revision, accepted for publication at EPJC
Optical observations of SN 2011fe
Creators: name: Tsvetkov, D. Yu.
name: Shugarov, S. Yu.
name: Volkov, I. M.
name: Goranskij, V. P.
name: Pavlyuk, N. N.
name: Katysheva, N. A.
name: Barsukova, E. A.
name: Valeev, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present UBVRI photometry of the supernova 2011fe in M101, obtained in the interval of 1-652 days after its discovery, as well as one spectrum, taken 105 days after the brightness maximum in the B band. We derived parameters of the light curves, constructed the colour curves and a "quasi-bolometric" light curve. The light curves, colour evolution and spectrum of the object indicate that SN 2011fe belongs to the "normal" subset of type Ia supernovae. It is practically identical to a well-studied "normal" SN Ia 2003du.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
How Fast is Your Detector? The Effect of Temporal Response on Image Quality
Creators: name: Mullarkey, Tiarnan
name: Geever, Matthew
name: Peters, Jonathan J. P.
name: Griffiths, Ian
name: Nellist, Peter D.
name: Jones, Lewys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With increasing interest in high-speed imaging should come an increased interest in the response times of our scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) detectors. Previous works have previously highlighted and contrasted performance of various detectors for quantitative compositional or structural studies, but here we shift the focus to detector temporal response, and the effect this has on captured images. The rise and decay times of eight detectors' single electron response are reported, as well as measurements of their flatness, roundness, smoothness, and ellipticity. We develop and apply a methodology for incorporating the temporal detector response into simulations, showing that a loss of resolution is apparent in both the images and their Fourier transforms. We conclude that the solid-state detector outperforms the photomultiplier-tube (PMT) based detectors in all areas bar a slightly less elliptical central hole and is likely the best detector to use for the majority of applications. However, using tools introduced here we encourage users to effectively evaluate what detector is most suitable for their experimental needs.
Hohe deutsche National-Versammlung! Eine Lebensfrage setzt seit kurzem die Bevölkerung des industriereichen Lennethals in fieberhafte Aufregung ...; [1849]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel. - Enth. außerdem: Denkschrift über die Nothwendigkeit der Gewährleistung eines ausreichenden Schutzes der nationalen Arbeit : Limburg in der Graffschaft Mark, den 4. Januar 1849 / Der Verein zum Schutze vaterländischer Arbeit
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation using One-shot Image-to-Image Translation via Latent Representation Mixing
Creators: name: Ismael, Sarmad F.
name: Kayabol, Koray
name: Aptoula, Erchan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Domain adaptation is one of the prominent strategies for handling both domain shift, that is widely encountered in large-scale land use/land cover map calculation, and the scarcity of pixel-level ground truth that is crucial for supervised semantic segmentation. Studies focusing on adversarial domain adaptation via re-styling source domain samples, commonly through generative adversarial networks, have reported varying levels of success, yet they suffer from semantic inconsistencies, visual corruptions, and often require a large number of target domain samples. In this letter, we propose a new unsupervised domain adaptation method for the semantic segmentation of very high resolution images, that i) leads to semantically consistent and noise-free images, ii) operates with a single target domain sample (i.e. one-shot) and iii) at a fraction of the number of parameters required from state-of-the-art methods. More specifically an image-to-image translation paradigm is proposed, based on an encoder-decoder principle where latent content representations are mixed across domains, and a perceptual network module and loss function is further introduced to enforce semantic consistency. Cross-city comparative experiments have shown that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods. Our source code will be available at \url{https://github.com/Sarmadfismael/LRM_I2I}.
Superconducting four-fold Fe(Te,Se) film on six-fold magnetic MnTe via hybrid symmetry epitaxy
Creators: name: Yao, Xiong
name: Mazza, Alessandro R.
name: Han, Myung-Geun
name: Yi, Hee Taek
name: Jain, Deepti
name: Brahlek, Matthew
name: Oh, Seongshik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Epitaxial Fe(Te,Se) thin films have been grown on various substrates but never been realized on magnetic layers. Here we report the epitaxial growth of four-fold Fe(Te,Se) film on a six-fold antiferromagnetic insulator, MnTe. The Fe(Te,Se)/MnTe heterostructure shows a clear superconducting transition at around 11 K and the critical magnetic field measurement suggests the origin of the superconductivity to be bulk-like. Structural characterizations suggest that the uniaxial lattice match between Fe(Te,Se) and MnTe allows a hybrid symmetry epitaxy mode, which was recently discovered between Fe(Te,Se) and Bi2Te3. Furthermore, Te/Fe flux ratio during deposition of the Fe(Te,Se) layer is found to be critical for its superconductivity. Now that superconducting Fe(Te,Se) can be grown on two related hexagonal platforms, Bi2Te3 and MnTe, this result opens a new possibility of combining topological superconductivity of Fe(Te,Se) with the rich physics in the intrinsic magnetic topological materials (MnTe)n(Bi2Te3)m family.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Nano Letters
Sudden Photospheric Motion and Sunspot Rotation Associated with the X2.2 Flare on 2011 February 15
Creators: name: Wang, Shuo
name: Liu, Chang
name: Deng, Na
name: Wang, Haimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager provides 45 s cadence intensity images and 720 s cadence vector magnetograms. These unprecedented high-cadence and high-resolution data give us a unique opportunity to study the change of photospheric flows and sunspot rotations associated with flares. By using the differential affine velocity estimator method and the Fourier local correlation tracking method separately, we calculate velocity and vorticity of photospheric flows in the flaring NOAA AR 11158, and investigate their temporal evolution around the X2.2 flare on 2011 February 15. It is found that the shear flow around the flaring magnetic polarity inversion line exhibits a sudden decrease, and both of the two main sunspots undergo a sudden change in rotational motion during the impulsive phase of the flare. These results are discussed in the context of the Lorentz-force change that was proposed by Hudson et al. (2008) and Fisher et al. (2012). This mechanism can explain the connections between the rapid and irreversible photospheric vector magnetic field change and the observed short-term motions associated with the flare. In particular, the torque provided by the horizontal Lorentz force change agrees with what is required for the measured angular acceleration.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
From topological phase to Anderson localization in a two-dimensional quasiperiodic system
Creators: name: Cheng, Shujie
name: Asgari, Reza
name: Xianlong, Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the influence of the quasidisorder on a two-dimensional system is studied. We find that there exists a topological phase transition accompanied by a transverse Anderson localization. The topological properties are characterized by the band gap, the edge-state spectra, the transport conductance, and the Chern number. The localization transition is clearly demonstrated by the investigations of the partial inverse participation ratio, the average of level spacing ratio, and the fraction dimension. The results reveal the topological nature of the bulk delocalized states. Our work facilitates the understanding on the relationship between the topology and the Anderson localization in two-dimensional disordered systems.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Assessing the C/O Ratio Formation Diagnostic: A Potential Trend with Companion Mass
Creators: name: Hoch, Kielan K. W.
name: Konopacky, Quinn M.
name: Theissen, Christopher A.
name: Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
name: Barman, Travis S.
name: Rickman, Emily L.
name: Perrin, Marshall D.
name: Macintosh, Bruce
name: Marois, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in an exoplanet atmosphere has been suggested as a potential diagnostic of planet formation. Now that a number of exoplanets have measured C/O ratios, it is possible to examine this diagnostic at a population level. Here, we present an analysis of currently measured C/O ratios of directly imaged and transit/eclipse planets. First, we derive atmospheric parameters for the substellar companion HD 284149 AB b using data taken with the OSIRIS integral field spectrograph at the W.M. Keck Observatory and report two non-detections from our ongoing imaging spectroscopy survey with Keck/OSIRIS. We find an effective temperature of $T_\mathrm{eff} = 2502$ K, with a range of 2291-2624 K, $\log g=4.52$, with a range of 4.38-4.91, and [M/H] = 0.37, with a range of 0.10-0.55. We derive a C/O of 0.59$^{+0.15}_{-0.30}$ for HD 284149 AB b. We add this measurement to the list of C/O ratios for directly imaged planets and compare them with those from a sample of transit/eclipse planets. We also derive the first dynamical mass estimate for HD 284149 AB b, finding a mass of $\sim$28 $M_\mathrm{Jup}$. There is a trend in C/O ratio with companion mass ($M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$), with a break seen around 4$M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. We run a Kolmogorov-Smirnov and an Anderson-Darling test on planets above and below this mass boundary, and find that they are two distinct populations. This could be additional evidence of two distinct populations possibly having two different formation pathways, with companion mass as an indicator of most likely formation scenario.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
NGC 6240 Supermassive Black Hole Binary dynamical evolution based on Chandra data
Creators: name: Sobolenko, M.
name: Kompaniiets, O.
name: Berczik, P.
name: Marchenko, V.
name: Vasylenko, A.
name: Fedorova, E.
name: Shukirgaliyev, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main idea of our research is to estimate the physical coalescence time of the double supermassive black hole (SMBH) system in the centre of NGC 6240 based on the X-ray observations from the Chandra space observatory. The spectra of the Northern and Southern nuclei were fitted by spectral models from Sherpa and both presented the narrow component of the Fe K$α$ emission line. It enabled us to apply the spectral model to these lines and to find relative offset $\approx0.02$ keV. The enclosed dynamical mass of the central region of NGC 6240 with radius 1 kpc was estimated $\approx 2.04\times 10^{11} \rm\; M_{\odot}$. These data allowed us to carry on the high resolution direct N-body simulations with Newtonian and post-Newtonian (up to $2.5\mathcal{PN}$ correction) dynamics for this particular double SMBH system. As a result, from our numerical models we approximated the central SMBH binary merging time for the different binary eccentricities. In our numerical parameters range the upper limit for the merging time, even for the very small eccentricities, is still below $\approx70$ Myr. Gravitational waveforms and amplitude-frequency pictures from such events can be detected using Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) projects at the last merging phase.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS, minor typos were corrected
Stability of character sums for positive-depth, supercuspidal representations
Creators: name: DeBacker, Stephen
name: Spice, Loren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E50, 22E35

description: We re-write the character formulæ of Adler and the second-named author in a form amenable to explicit computations in $p$-adic harmonic analysis, and use them to prove the stability of character sums for a modification of Reeder's conjectural positive-depth, unramified, toral supercuspidal L-packets.
Rethinking the Design of Expiration Dates
Creators: name: Eapen, T. T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This paper addresses the critical role of expiration dates in consumer decision-making and their impact on food waste within the circular economy framework. It critiques the traditional, static expiration dating system and proposes a redesign incorporating dynamic pricing, food donation incentives, and technology-enhanced labels to accurately reflect product quality over time. Through a multi-country analysis, the study aims to establish universal principles for expiration date redesign, aligning with sustainability goals and consumer needs. This research highlights the necessity for a comprehensive approach that includes regulatory reform, consumer education, and technological advancements to improve food safety, reduce waste, and foster informed consumer choices.
Recessive genetic mode of an ADH4 variant in substance dependence in African-Americans: A model of utility of the HWD test
Creators: name: Luo, Xingguang
name: Zuo, Lingjun
name: Kranzler, Henry
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Anton, Raymond
name: Gelernter, Joel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biometry

description: In our previous studies, we reported positive associations between seven ADH4 polymorphisms and substance dependence [i.e., alcohol dependence (AD) and/or drug dependence (DD)] in European-Americans (EAs). In the present study, we address the relationship between ADH4 variation and substance dependence in an African-American (AA) population, and report evidence that supports an association between a different ADH4 polymorphism (rs2226896) and these phenotypes in AAs. Two family-based association study methods, i.e., TDT and FBAT, were applied to test the relationship between ADH4 variation and substance dependence in Sample 3 (112 small nuclear families) and in Sample 4 (632 pedigrees), respectively. A population-based case-control association study method was also applied to test this relationship in 1303 unrelated subjects, with and without controlling for admixture effects. Finally, a Hardy-Weinberg Disequilibrium (HWD) test was applied to examine the association in the case-only sample, infer the genetic disease models, and distinguish the disease and non-disease factors contributing to HWD. The marker examined was found to be in significant HWD in AA alcoholics (p = 0.0071) and drug dependent subjects (p = 0.0341), but in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in all other subgroups. Other association methods failed to detect any association between this variation and phenotypes. The best-fit genetic disease model for this marker is a recessive genetic model. ADH4 variation might play a role in risk for substance dependence in AAs, potentially via a recessive mechanism. Under certain conditions, the HWD test could be a more powerful association method than conventional family-based and population-based case-control association analyses, for which, the present study provides an extreme example.
Extremely Inclined Orbit of S-type Planet $γ$ Cep Ab Induced by Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Mechanism
Creators: name: Huang, Xiumin
name: Ji, Jianghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $γ$ Cep Ab is a typical S-type planet, which occupies a nearly perpendicular planetary orbit relative to the binary. Here we use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler to conduct full N-body fitting and derive self-consistent orbital solutions for this hierarchical system. Then we employ the Eccentric Kozai-Lidov (EKL) mechanism to explain the extremely inclined orbit of S-type planet $γ$ Cep Ab. The EKL mechanism plays an essential role in exploring significant oscillations of the mutual inclination $i_{\mathrm{mut}}$ between the planet and the secondary star. We perform qualitative analysis and extensive numerical integrations to investigate the flip conditions and timescales of $γ$ Cep Ab's orbit. When the planetary mass is 15 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$, the planet can reach $i_{\mathrm{mut}} \sim$ 113$^{\circ}$ with the critical initial conditions of $i_{\mathrm{mut}} < 60^{\circ}$ and $e_1<0.7$. The timescale for the first orbital flip decreases with the increase of the perturbation Hamiltonian. Flipping orbits of $γ$ Cep Ab are confirmed to have a large possibility to retain stable based on surfaces of section and the secular stability criterion. Furthermore, we extend the application of EKL to general S-type planetary systems with $a_1/a_2\leq0.1$, where the most intense excitation of $i_{\mathrm{mut}}$ occurs when $a_1/a_2=0.1$ and $e_2 \sim 0.8$, and the variation of planetary mass mainly affect the flip possibility where $e_1\leq 0.3$.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
EVOPOSE: A Recursive Transformer For 3D Human Pose Estimation With Kinematic Structure Priors
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaqi
name: Lu, Yan
name: Liu, Bin
name: Zhao, Zhiwei
name: Chu, Qi
name: Yu, Nenghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformer is popular in recent 3D human pose estimation, which utilizes long-term modeling to lift 2D keypoints into the 3D space. However, current transformer-based methods do not fully exploit the prior knowledge of the human skeleton provided by the kinematic structure. In this paper, we propose a novel transformer-based model EvoPose to introduce the human body prior knowledge for 3D human pose estimation effectively. Specifically, a Structural Priors Representation (SPR) module represents human priors as structural features carrying rich body patterns, e.g. joint relationships. The structural features are interacted with 2D pose sequences and help the model to achieve more informative spatiotemporal features. Moreover, a Recursive Refinement (RR) module is applied to refine the 3D pose outputs by utilizing estimated results and further injects human priors simultaneously. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of EvoPose which achieves a new state of the art on two most popular benchmarks, Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, published in the proceedings of IEEE ICASSP 2023
Using Coordinated Observations in Polarised White Light and Faraday Rotation to Probe the Spatial Position and Magnetic Field of an Interplanetary Sheath
Creators: name: Xiong, Ming
name: Davies, Jackie A.
name: Feng, Xueshang
name: Owens, Mathew J.
name: Harrison, Richard A.
name: Davis, Chris J.
name: Liu, Ying D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can be continuously tracked through a large portion of the inner heliosphere by direct imaging in visible and radio wavebands. White-light (WL) signatures of solar wind transients, such as CMEs, result from Thomson scattering of sunlight by free electrons, and therefore depend on both the viewing geometry and the electron density. The Faraday rotation (FR) of radio waves from extragalactic pulsars and quasars, which arises due to the presence of such solar wind features, depends on the line-of-sight magnetic field component $B_\parallel$, and the electron density. To understand coordinated WL and FR observations of CMEs, we perform forward magnetohydrodynamic modelling of an Earth-directed shock and synthesise the signatures that would be remotely sensed at a number of widely distributed vantage points in the inner heliosphere. Removal of the background solar wind contribution reveals the shock-associated enhancements in WL and FR. While the efficiency of Thomson scattering depends on scattering angle, WL radiance $I$ decreases with heliocentric distance $r$ roughly according to the expression $I \propto r^{-3}$. The sheath region downstream of the Earth-directed shock is well viewed from the L4 and L5 Lagrangian points, demonstrating the benefits of these points in terms of space weather forecasting. The spatial position of the main scattering site $\mathbf{r}_{\rm sheath}$ and the mass of plasma at that position $M_{\rm sheath}$ can be inferred from the polarisation of the shock-associated enhancement in WL radiance. From the FR measurements, the local $B_{\parallel {\rm sheath}}$ at $\mathbf{r}_{\rm sheath}$ can then be estimated. Simultaneous observations in polarised WL and FR can not only be used to detect CMEs, but also to diagnose their plasma and magnetic field properties.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 1 table. To be published by Astrophys. J., 2013
title: Speisen-Karte; [ca. 1849]
title: Gemüse. Verschiedenes. Gesalzenes. Fische. Mehlspeisen. Ragoûts. Braten. Salat. Compôts ; Die Portion fl. kr.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Mit Schwanen-Emblem in der Kopfzeile
Towards Understanding Fairness and its Composition in Ensemble Machine Learning
Creators: name: Gohar, Usman
name: Biswas, Sumon
name: Rajan, Hridesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine Learning (ML) software has been widely adopted in modern society, with reported fairness implications for minority groups based on race, sex, age, etc. Many recent works have proposed methods to measure and mitigate algorithmic bias in ML models. The existing approaches focus on single classifier-based ML models. However, real-world ML models are often composed of multiple independent or dependent learners in an ensemble (e.g., Random Forest), where the fairness composes in a non-trivial way. How does fairness compose in ensembles? What are the fairness impacts of the learners on the ultimate fairness of the ensemble? Can fair learners result in an unfair ensemble? Furthermore, studies have shown that hyperparameters influence the fairness of ML models. Ensemble hyperparameters are more complex since they affect how learners are combined in different categories of ensembles. Understanding the impact of ensemble hyperparameters on fairness will help programmers design fair ensembles. Today, we do not understand these fully for different ensemble algorithms. In this paper, we comprehensively study popular real-world ensembles: bagging, boosting, stacking and voting. We have developed a benchmark of 168 ensemble models collected from Kaggle on four popular fairness datasets. We use existing fairness metrics to understand the composition of fairness. Our results show that ensembles can be designed to be fairer without using mitigation techniques. We also identify the interplay between fairness composition and data characteristics to guide fair ensemble design. Finally, our benchmark can be leveraged for further research on fair ensembles. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first and largest studies on fairness composition in ensembles yet presented in the literature.
description: Accepted at ICSE 2023
GMC Origins and Turbulent Motions in Spiral and Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CO clouds can be non-self-gravitating in high pressure environments, while most should be strongly self-gravitating at low metallicities and ambient pressures. In the LMC, which is HI-rich, GMC formation and destruction should generally include molecule formation and destruction. In M51, which is CO-rich, GMCs grow by coalescence. The Milky Way is between these two situations. In all cases, large clouds form by accretion of gas and smaller clouds independently of the presence of molecules. GMCs in the Milky Way are analogous to dust lanes and spurs in other galaxies. The virial parameter alpha usually decreases monotonically with increasing cloud mass in surveys, which implies that small scale structure is formed by turbulence. Hierarchies of sequences with decreasing alpha should be present in cloud complexes from sub-solar masses up to the ambient Jeans mass (10^7 Msun).
description: 4 pages, IAU Symposium 292, Beijing, August 2012
title: Das Kaufmann Bonin'sche Testament; [1849]
title: ein höchst interessanter Rechtsfall der bayerischen Rechtspflege in der Gegenwart, als Beitrag für die Annalen der Rechtspflege
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
Parameter Estimation for Stellar-Origin Black Hole Mergers In LISA
Creators: name: Digman, Matthew C.
name: Cornish, Neil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The population of stellar origin black hole binaries (SOBHBs) detected by existing ground-based gravitational wave detectors is an exciting target for the future space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). LISA is sensitive to signals at significantly lower frequencies than ground-based detectors. SOBHB signals will thus be detected much earlier in their evolution, years to decades before they merge. The mergers will then occur in the frequency band covered by ground-based detectors. Observing SOBHBs years before merger can help distinguish between progenitor models for these systems. We present a new Bayesian parameter estimation algorithm for LISA observations of SOBHBs that uses a time-frequency (wavelet) based likelihood function. Our technique accelerates the analysis by several orders of magnitude compared to the standard frequency domain approach and allows for an efficient treatment of non-stationary noise.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
On the stress dependence of the earthquake b value
Creators: name: Scholz, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geology, Structural
subject: Seismic waves--Mathematical models
subject: Seismic waves--Measurement
subject: Seismometry
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Laboratory experiments have shown that the b value in the size distribution of acoustic emission events decreases linearly with differential stress. There have been a number of observations that indicate that this relation may also hold for earthquakes. Here using a simple frictional strength model for stresses in the continental lithosphere combined with earthquake b values measured as a function of depth in a wide variety of tectonic regions, we verify and calibrate that relation, finding b = 1.23 ± 0.06 − (0.0012 ± 0.0003)(σ1 − σ3), where the stress difference (σ1 − σ3) is in megapascal. For subduction zones, we find that b value correlates linearly with the slab pull force and with the net reduction of plate interface normal force, both of which also indicate a negative linear relation between b value and differential stress.
Mitigation of Spatial Nonstationarity with Vision Transformers
Creators: name: Liu, Lei
name: Santos, Javier E.
name: Prodanović, Maša
name: Pyrcz, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatial nonstationarity, the location variance of features' statistical distributions, is ubiquitous in many natural settings. For example, in geological reservoirs rock matrix porosity varies vertically due to geomechanical compaction trends, in mineral deposits grades vary due to sedimentation and concentration processes, in hydrology rainfall varies due to the atmosphere and topography interactions, and in metallurgy crystalline structures vary due to differential cooling. Conventional geostatistical modeling workflows rely on the assumption of stationarity to be able to model spatial features for the geostatistical inference. Nevertheless, this is often not a realistic assumption when dealing with nonstationary spatial data and this has motivated a variety of nonstationary spatial modeling workflows such as trend and residual decomposition, cosimulation with secondary features, and spatial segmentation and independent modeling over stationary subdomains. The advent of deep learning technologies has enabled new workflows for modeling spatial relationships. However, there is a paucity of demonstrated best practice and general guidance on mitigation of spatial nonstationarity with deep learning in the geospatial context. We demonstrate the impact of two common types of geostatistical spatial nonstationarity on deep learning model prediction performance and propose the mitigation of such impacts using self-attention (vision transformer) models. We demonstrate the utility of vision transformers for the mitigation of nonstationarity with relative errors as low as 10%, exceeding the performance of alternative deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks. We establish best practice by demonstrating the ability of self-attention networks for modeling large-scale spatial relationships in the presence of commonly observed geospatial nonstationarity.
Solitonic Excitations in AdS2
Creators: name: Heidmann, Pierre
name: Houppe, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct large families of supergravity solutions that are asymptotic to AdS$_2$ and terminate with a cap that is singular in two dimensions but smooth in higher dimensions. These solutions break supersymmetry and conformal invariance. We list arguments suggesting that they correspond to finite-energy excitations in empty AdS$_2$ that back-react on the geometry by inducing non-trivial bubbling topology. They are constructed from the novel technique associated with the Ernst formalism for AdS$_D\times\mathcal{C}$ solitons in supergravity \cite{Bah:2022pdn}. The technique is applied to $D=2$ in M-theory with $\mathcal{C}=\,$S$^3\times$T$^6$. The directions of $\mathcal{C}$ degenerate smoothly as a chain of bolts which ends the spacetime in the IR and generates non-supersymmetric bubbles supported by M2-brane flux. Some specific solutions have ``flat'' directions where the sizes of their bubbles are totally unconstrained and can be arbitrarily tuned while the asymptotics remains fixed. The solitons should correspond to regular non-supersymmetric states of a holographically dual CFT$_1$.
description: 46 pages, 15 figures, 3 appendices. v2 published version: minor corrections + section about energy of the solutions. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2210.06483