Phanocloidea sanguinea Hennemann & Conle 2024, sp. n.
Creators: name: Hennemann, Frank H.
name: Conle, Oskar V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phasmida
Diapheromeridae
Phanocloidea
Phanocloidea sanguinea

description: Phanocloidea sanguinea sp. n.   
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1A7C04B6-CB9E-479C-BB6C-CDDBB9CC8C68  
(Figs. 70H, 73H, 76D–F)  
 HT, ♂: Ecuador, Bz. 30.7.99, Haensch S. G. [MNHU].   
 PT, ♂: Ecuador, Bz. 29.5.99, Haensch S. G. [MNHU].   
 PT, ♂: Ecuador, Bz. 12.7.99, Haensch S. G. [MNHU].   
 PT, ♂: Ecuador, Bz. 21.5.99, Haensch S. G. [MNHU].   
 Diagnosis. Males of this new species (the only sex known) are well characterised by the sanguineous medio-longitudinal stripe of the meso- and metanotum and very short median segment, which is notably less than half the length of the metanotum. In general shape ♂♂ of this new species resemble P. laticauda (Bates, 1865) comb. n. and P. submutica (Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. n., but the first species is dark greyish green with the dorsal portions of the meso- and metanotum black, the legs plain reddish brown and has a median segment, that is as much as three-quarters the length of the metanotum. The second species differs by the more delicate general shape, proportionally longer body segments and legs, median segment that is three-fifth the length of the metanotum, distinct sub-apical teeth on the medioventral carina of the meso- and metatibiae and in having the meso- and metathorax plain dark olive in colour.   
 Etymology: The name (sanguinea lat. = sanguineus, blood-red) refers to the bright red medio-longitudinal stripes of the meso- and metanotum of this new species. Feminine.   
 Description. ♂♂ (Fig. 70H): Of moderate size (body length 81.5–90.0 mm) and fairly slender for the genus, apterous with a short median segment, that is notably less than half the length of the metanotum, and very characteristic colouration. Body surface smooth. General colour of head and thorax greyish mid green with the abdomen mid brown; head and pronotum with a slight brownish wash. Meso- and metanotum with a broad, bright red medio-longitudinal streak that covers almost the entire length of both segments except for the very anterior and posterior portions. Meso- and metasternum dark orange. Head with lower portions of genae cream-coloured (Fig. 73H). Front legs brown with basal portion of posterior surface of profemora green and most of interior surface of profemora red (Fig. 73H). Meso- and metafemora green but gradually becoming brown in the apical half; the corresponding tibiae drab with two broad, but very faint and washed paler annulae. Antennae brown with the ventral portion blackish in the basal one-third; the two basal segments of same tone as head.   
Head (Fig. 73H): Ovoid, about 1.25x longer than wide, broadest at the eyes, narrowed towards the posterior and vertex flattened. Frons with a shallow median, transverse impression between bases of antennae and posterior margin of head with a pair of obtuse median swellings. Eyes prominent, circular in outline, projecting hemispherical and their diameter contained 2x in length of genae. Antennae reaching to posterior of abdominal segment VII. Scapus moderately compressed dorsoventrally, oval in cross-section and roundly rectangular in dorsal aspect, about 1.5x longer than wide. Pedicellus almost round in cross-section and two-thirds the length of scapus. III slightly longer than pedicellus and constricted towards apex.  
Thorax: Pronotum about equal in length but slightly narrower than head, roughly 1.7x longer than wide with the anterior portion a little widened and the lateral margins gently concave (Fig. 73H). Transverse median sulcus distinct, weakly arcuate and almost expanding over entire width of segment. Mesothorax uniform in width with only a slight widening at posterior margin, narrower and about 8.5x longer than prothorax. Mesonotum with the medio-longitudinal line weakly indicated and an indistinct granulose longitudinal lateral carina parallel to lateral margins. Metanotum roughly 0.6x length of mesonotum. Mesopleurae occasionally with a few small, cream-coloured granules in anterior portion. Mesosternum very weakly tectate longitudinally.  
Abdomen: Median segment short, scarcely more than one-third the length of metanotum with lateral margins weakly concave, posterior margin broader than anterior margin and some 2.5x longer than wide. Segment II about 2x longer than median segment, II–VI almost uniform in length, VI and VII decreasing in length; II 4.4x and VII only 3.4x longer than wide. II–VI roughly uniform in diameter, VII indistinctly narrower. Terga II–VII with a very fine longitudinal carina laterally. Tergum VIII trapezoidal in dorsal aspect with posterior margin 1.5x wider than anterior margin; a little more than half the length of VII and length hardly more than width of posterior margin. IX somewhat longer than VIII, obtusely tectate longitudinally, slightly gradually narrowing towards the posterior and with lateral margins somewhat deflexed and widening towards the posterior with the posterolateral angles obtusely triangular and approaching each other ventrally (Figs. 76D–F). Lateral surfaces of VIII and IX each with an obtuse, weakly curved longitudinal bulge. Anal segment considerably shorter than IX, dorsal surface obtusely and weakly tectate, strongly descendant towards the posterior and triangular in lateral aspect; in dorsal aspect proportionally quadrate with lateral margins gently rounded and posterior margin weakly bilobate (Fig. 76E). Posterolateral angles somewhat inflated and the entire posterior margin minutely denticulate ventrally (Fig. 76F). Vomer small, broadly triangular with a single, pointed terminal hook, the ventral surface rather flat with the basal portion somewhat inflated transversely and with a single transverse impression. Cerci slender, gently curved, club-shaped and almost as long as anal segment. Poculum large, very bulgy, angular in lateral aspect with a small, transversely spiniform central protuberance (Fig. 76D), the posterior margin with a concave median excavation and the outer angles protruded into an obtuse tooth (Fig. 76F).  
Legs: All long, slender and entirely unarmed. Profemora about as long as head, pro- and mesonotum combined, mesofemora almost as long as mesothorax, metafemora reaching about half way along abdominal segment V and metatibiae greatly projecting over apex of abdomen. Basitarsi slender and very elongate, mesobasitarsi about 1.2x, pro- and metabasitarsi about 1.3x longer than remaining tarsomeres combined.  
 Comments. All four specimens of the type-series have been collected by the German entomologist Richard Haensch at the same locality. Although the holotype is the specimen that has the typical colouration least good preserved, it is chosen because it is the most complete specimen of the series. All others lack one or more limbs or have broken off parts glued to the body. Two of the paratypes very well serve for the description and illustration of the colours. ♀♀ and eggs unknown.   
 Table 60: Measurements of Phanocloidea sanguinea sp. n.
description: Published as part of Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), pp. 1-454 in Zootaxa 5444 (1) on pages 259-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/11071464