cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radio emission from cosmic ray air showers: Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Huege, Tim
name: Falcke, Heino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-domain Monte Carlo simulations of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers in the scheme of coherent geosynchrotron radiation. Our model takes into account the important air shower characteristics such as the lateral and longitudinal particle distributions, the particle track length and energy distributions, a realistic magnetic field geometry and the shower evolution as a whole. The Monte Carlo approach allows us to retain the full polarisation information and to carry out the calculations without the need for any far-field approximations. We demonstrate the strategies developed to tackle the computational effort associated with the simulation of a huge number of particles for a great number of observer bins and illustrate the robustness and accuracy of these techniques. We predict the emission pattern, the radial and the spectral dependence of the radiation from a prototypical 10^17 eV vertical air shower and find good agreement with our analytical results (Huege & Falcke 2003) and the available historical data. Track-length effects in combination with magnetic field effects surprisingly wash out any significant asymmetry in the total field strength emission pattern in spite of the magnetic field geometry. While statistics of total field strengths alone can therefore not prove the geomagnetic origin, the predicted high degree of polarisation in the direction perpendicular to the shower and magnetic field axes allows a direct test of the geomagnetic emission mechanism with polarisation-sensitive experiments such as LOPES. Our code provides a robust, yet flexible basis for detailed studies of the dependence of the radio emission on specific shower parameters and for the inclusion of additional radiation mechanism in the future.
description: 21 pages, version accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Magnon versus electron mediated spin-transfer torque exerted by spin currents across antiferromagnetic insulator to switch magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic metal
Creators: name: Suresh, Abhin
name: Petrovic, Marko D.
name: Bajpai, Utkarsh
name: Yang, Hyunsoo
name: Nikolic, Branislav K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent experiment [Y. Wang et al., Science 366, 1125 (2019)] on magnon-mediated spin-transfer torque (MSTT) was interpreted in terms of a picture where magnons are excited within an antiferromagnetic insulator (AFI), by applying nonequilibrium electronic spin density at one of its surfaces, so that their propagation across AFI deprived of conduction electrons eventually leads to reversal of magnetization of a ferromagnetic metal (FM) attached to the opposite surface of AFI. We employ a recently developed time-dependent nonequilibrium Green functions combined with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (TDNEGF+LLG) formalism to evolve conduction electrons quantum-mechanically while they interact via self-consistent back-action with localized magnetic moments described classically by atomistic spin dynamics solving a system of LLG equations. Upon injection of square current pulse as the initial condition, TDNEGF+LLG simulations of FM-polarizer/AFI/FM-analyzer junctions show that reversal of localized magnetic moments within FM-analyzer is less efficient, in the sense of requiring larger pulse height and its longer duration, than conventional electron-mediated STT (ESTT) driving magnetization switching in standard FM-polarizer/normal-metal/FM-analyzer spin valve. Since both electronic, generated by spin pumping from AFI, and magnonic, generated by direct transmission from AFI, spin currents are injected into the FM-analyzer, its localized magnetic moments will experience combined MSTT and ESTT. Nevertheless, by artificially turning off ESTT we demonstrate that MSTT plays a dominant role whose understanding, therefore, paves the way for all-magnon-driven magnetization switching devices with no electronic parts.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 3 embedded videos
title: Fahrraddiebstähle in Österreich
Creators: name: Farkas, Tímea
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fahrrad
subject: Diebstahl
subject: Österreich
subject: Fahrrad
subject: Diebstahl
subject: Österreich

description: Diese Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Charakterisierung der Fahrraddiebstähle in Österreich im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2014. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, ob Fahrraddiebstahl in Österreich ein seriöses Problem ist, bzw. ob es notwendig ist, gegen Fahrraddiebstähle Maßnahmen zu treffen. Die Untersuchung basiert auf einer Literaturrecherche sowie systematischen Datenverarbeitungen. Kernbestandteil der Arbeit ist die Auswertung der polizeilichen Kriminalstatistiken und die Durchführung einer internetbasierten Umfrage, um Erfahrungen über Fahrraddiebstähle zu erhalten. Der Analyse zufolge weist die Zahl der Fahrraddiebstähle eine steigende Tendenz auf. Die angezeigten Fälle in Österreich sind z.B. in den letzten 5 Jahren um rund 36,8% angestiegen. Nach Angaben der Polizei war im Jahr 2014 jedes achtzehnte Verbrechen ein Fahrraddiebstahl und jeden Tag haben im Durschnitt ca. 80 Fahrräder illegal seinen/ihre BesitzerIn gewechselt. Zu diesen Tatsachen kommt noch das überraschende Ergebnis der Umfrage, dass jene Personen, die gut über das Thema 'Gegenmaßnahmen des Fahrraddiebstahles' informiert sind, nicht unbedingt eine geringere Chance haben Opfer eines Fahrraddiebstahles zu sein. Die Arbeit gibt außerdem einen kurzen Überblick über die Präventionsstrategien.
description: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and process data of bicycle thefts in Austria between 2010 and 2014. The main focus of this thesis was on the issue whether bicycle thefts are serious problems in Austria and if there is a necessity to take urgent actions against these crimes. The thesis was based on literature review and data evaluation. Investigation of police recorded crime data and creation of an online questionnaire provided the main core of the research. The results clearly showed a growing tendency of bicycle thefts. The number of police accusations in Austria increased by 36,8% in the last 5 years. According to police recorded data, every eighteenth crime was a bicycle theft and 80 bicycles have been stolen on average per day. Besides the above facts, a surprising result came out namely that people who are well-informed regarding countermeasures of bicycle thefts not necessarily have lower chance to become victims of these crimes. Additionally, the thesis gives a brief insight into prevention strategies.
Probing Criticality in Quantum Spin Chains with Neural Networks
Creators: name: Berezutskii, A
name: Beketov, M
name: Yudin, D
name: Zimborás, Z
name: Biamonte, J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The numerical emulation of quantum systems often requires an exponential number of degrees of freedom which translates to a computational bottleneck. Methods of machine learning have been used in adjacent fields for effective feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional datasets. Recent studies have revealed that neural networks are further suitable for the determination of macroscopic phases of matter and associated phase transitions as well as efficient quantum state representation. In this work, we address quantum phase transitions in quantum spin chains, namely the transverse field Ising chain and the anisotropic XY chain, and show that even neural networks with no hidden layers can be effectively trained to distinguish between magnetically ordered and disordered phases. Our neural network acts to predict the corresponding crossovers finite-size systems undergo. Our results extend to a wide class of interacting quantum many-body systems and illustrate the wide applicability of neural networks to many-body quantum physics.
description: 14pp, 9 figures, IoP class
title: Composition Sequences and Semigroups of Möbius Transformations
Creators: name: Jacques, Matthew
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2016

description: Motivated by the theory of Kleinian groups and by the theory of continued fractions, we study semigroups of Möbius transformations. Like Kleinian groups, semigroups have limit sets, and indeed each semigroup is equipped with two limit sets. We find that limit sets have an internal structure with features similar to the limit sets of Kleinian groups and the Julia sets of iterates of analytic functions. We introduce the notion of a semidiscrete semigroup, and find that this property is akin to the discreteness property for groups. We study semigroups of Möbius transformations that fix the unit disc, and lay the foundations of a theory for such semigroups. We consider the composition sequences generated by such semigroups, and show that every such composition sequence converges pointwise in the open unit disc to a constant function whenever the identity element does not lie in the closure of the semigroup. We establish various results that have counterparts in the theory of Fuchsian groups. For example we show that aside from a certain exceptional family, any finitely-generated semigroup S is semidiscrete precisely when every two-generator semigroup contained in S is semidiscrete. We show that the limit sets of a nonelementary finitely-generated semidiscrete semigroup are equal (and non-trivial) precisely when the semigroup is a group. We classify two-generator semidiscrete semigroups, and give the basis for an algorithm that decides whether any two-generator semigroup is semidiscrete. We go on to study finitely-generated semigroups of Möbius transformations that map the unit disc strictly within itself. Every composition sequence generated by such a semigroup converges pointwise in the open unit disc to a constant function. We give conditions that determine whether this convergence is uniform on the closed unit disc, and show that the cases where convergence is not uniform are very special indeed.
Experimental realization of a measurement conditional unitary operation at single photon level and application to detector characterization
Creators: name: Genovese, M.
name: Brida, G.
name: Chekhova, M.
name: Gramegna, M.
name: Krivitsky, L.
name: Kulik, S.
name: Rastello, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our last experimental results on the realization of a measurement-conditional unitary operation at single photon level are presented. This gate operates by rotating by $90^o$ the polarization of a photon produced by means of Type-II Parametric Down Conversion conditional to a polarization measurement on the correlated photon. We then propose a new scheme for measuring the quantum efficiency of a single photon detection apparatus by using this set-up. We present experimental results obtained with this scheme compared with {\it traditional} biphoton calibration. Our results show the interesting potentiality of the suggested scheme.
description: to appear in Proc. of SPIE meeting, Denver august 2004
Additional file 14 of Integrative analyses of the RNA modification machinery reveal tissue- and cancer-specific signatures
Creators: name: Oguzhan Begik
name: Morghan C. Lucas
name: Huanle Liu
name: Ramirez, Jose Miguel
name: Mattick, John S.
name: Novoa, Eva Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 14. Review history.
Constraints on the charged-current non-standard neutrino interactions induced by the gauge boson $W'$
Creators: name: Yue, ChongXing
name: Cheng, XueJia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many new physics scenarios predict the existence of the extra charged gauge boson $ W'$, which can induce the charged-current (CC) non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI). We investigate the constraints on the CC NSI in model-independent fashion via considering the $ W'$ contributions to the lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays $\ell_{i}\rightarrow \ell_{j}γ$, the pure leptonic flavor conservation (FC) decays $\ell_{i}\rightarrow \ell_{j}ν_{i}\bar{ν_{j}}$, leptonic decays of charged pion meson, semileptonic $τ$ decays, and superallowed $β$ decays. We find that the constraints on the pure leptonic CC NSI are generally stronger than the ones for the CC NSI with first generation quarks. The most stringent constraints on the CC NSI arise from the LFV decay $μ\rightarrow eγ$.
description: 22 pages,4 tables, received by Nuclear Physics B
The ING1b protein facilitates accessibility to UV-damaged nucleosomal DNA
Creators: name: Kuo, Weihong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: ING1b is the most studied ING-family member protein and perhaps the most ubiquitous and highly expressed. This protein is involved in the regulation of various biological functions ranging from senescence, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, to DNA repair. ING1b is upregulated by UV irradiation and enhances the removal of bulky nucleic acid photoproducts. We provide evidence that ING1b mediates nucleotide excision repair by facilitating access to damaged nucleosomal DNA. Our data suggest that this enhancement effect precedes the actions of damage recognition factor XPC, implicating a role of ING1b in the global genomic repair pathway. Through immunofluorescent imaging we demonstrate that ING1b does not colocalize with UV-induced DNA lesions and is therefore not part of core repair factors. ING1b also undergoes a nucleoli-nucleoplasm shift and increasingly associates with chromatin upon UV irradiation. Microccocal nuclease digestion of genomic DNA reveals however that ING1b facilitates chromatin relaxation and may allow better access to nucleotide excision repair machinery. ING1b can also alter histone acetylation dynamics upon exposure to UV light. Our preliminary observations suggest that p300 is likely a modulator of this event. More importantly, we found that ING1b facilitates DNA access to nucleotide excision repair factor, XPA, and is therefore important in the early steps of the ’Access, Repair, Restore’ model.
Polarity dependent heating at the phase interface in metal-insulator transitions
Creators: name: Chiriacò, Giuliano
name: Millis, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current-driven insulator-metal transitions are in many cases driven by Joule heating proportional to the square of the applied current. Recent nano-imaging experiments in Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ reveal a metal-insulator phase boundary that depends on the direction of an applied current, suggesting an important non-heating effect. Motivated by these results, we study the effects of an electric current in a system containing interfaces between metallic and insulating phases. Derivation of a heat balance equation from general macroscopic Onsager transport theory, reveals a heating term proportional to the product of the current across the interface and the discontinuity in the Seebeck coefficient, so that heat can either be generated or removed at an interface, depending on the direction of the current relative to the change in material properties. For parameters appropriate to Ca$_2$RuO$_4$, this heating can be comparable to or larger than Joule heating. A simplified model of the relevant experimental geometry is shown to provide results consistent with the experiments. Extension of the results to other inhomogeneous metal-insulator transition systems is discussed.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Conductivity rules in the Fermi and charge-spin separated liquid
Creators: name: Arulsamy, Andrew Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ioffe-Larkin rule applies for the pure charge-spin separation regardless of its dimensionality. Here, an extension to this rule as a result of the coexistence of spinon, holon and electron as a single entity in the 2-dimensional (2D) system is derived, which is also in accordance with the original rule.
description: To be published in Physica C
Microwave photoresponse in the 2D electron system caused by intra-Landau level transitions
Creators: name: Dorozhkin, S. I.
name: Smet, J. H.
name: Umansky, V.
name: von Klitzing, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of microwave radiation on the DC-magnetoresistance of 2D-electrons is studied in the regime beyond the recently discovered zero resistance states when the cyclotron frequency exceeds the radiation frequency. Radiation below 30 GHz causes a strong suppression of the resistance over a wide magnetic field range, whereas higher frequencies produce a non-monotonic behavior in the damping of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. These observations are explained by the creation of a non-equilibrium electron distribution function by microwave induced intra-Landau level transitions.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
No self-similar aggregates with sedimentation
Creators: name: Peltomaki, M.
name: Hellen, E. K. O.
name: Alava, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional cluster-cluster aggregation is studied when clusters move both diffusively and sediment with a size dependent velocity. Sedimentation breaks the rotational symmetry and the ensuing clusters are not self-similar fractals: the mean cluster width perpendicular to the field direction grows faster than the height. The mean width exhibits power-law scaling with respect to the cluster size, ~ s^{l_x}, l_x = 0.61 +- 0.01, but the mean height does not. The clusters tend to become elongated in the sedimentation direction and the ratio of the single particle sedimentation velocity to single particle diffusivity controls the degree of orientation. These results are obtained using a simulation method, which becomes the more efficient the larger the moving clusters are.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Low-dimensional trapped gases
Creators: name: Shlyapnikov, D. S. Petrov D. M. Gangardt G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in the physics of ultracold gases provide wide possibilities for reducing the dimensionality of space for magnetically or optically trapped atoms. The goal of these lectures is to show that regimes of quantum degeneracy in two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) trapped gases are drastically different from those in three dimensions and to stimulate an interest in low-dimensional systems. Attention is focused on the new physics appearing in currently studied low-dimensional trapped gases and related to finite-size and finite-temperature effects.
description: 42 pages, 12 figures, lectures given at the Les Houches School "Quantum Gases in Low Dimensions" (April 2003)
A comparison of momentum transport models for numerical relativity
Creators: name: Duez, Matthew D.
name: Knight, Alexander
name: Foucart, Francois
name: Haddadi, Milad
name: Jesse, Jerred
name: Hebert, Francois
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main problems of nonvacuum numerical relativity, compact binary mergers and stellar collapse, involve hydromagnetic instabilities and turbulent flows, so that kinetic energy at small scales have mean effects at large scale that drive the secular evolution. Notable among these effects is momentum transport. We investigate two models of this transport effect, a relativistic Navier-Stokes system and a turbulent mean stress model, that are similar to all of the prescriptions that have been attempted to date for treating subgrid effects on binary neutron star mergers and their aftermath. Our investigation involves both stability analysis and numerical experimentation on star and disk systems. We also begin the investigation of the effects of particle and heat transport on post-merger simulations. We find that correct handling of turbulent heating can be important for avoiding unphysical instabilities. Given such appropriate handling, the evolution of a differentially rotating star and the accretion rate of a disk are reassuringly insensitive to the choice of prescription. However, disk outflows can be sensitive to the choice of method, even for the same effective viscous strength. We also consider the effects of eddy diffusion in the evolution of an accretion disk and show that it can interestingly affect the composition of outflows.
description: 15 pagers, 11 figures
Estimating the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on time-to-event using structural nested failure time models
Creators: name: Lok, J. J.
name: Gill, R. D.
name: van der Vaart, A. W.
name: Robins, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62P10; 62M99

description: In this paper we review an approach to estimating the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on time to some event of interest. This approach is designed for the situation where the treatment may have been repeatedly adapted to patient characteristics, which themselves may also be time-dependent. In this situation the effect of the treatment cannot simply be estimated by conditioning on the patient characteristics, as these may themselves be indicators of the treatment effect. This so-called time-dependent confounding is typical in observational studies. We discuss a new class of failure time models, structural nested failure time models, which can be used to estimate the causal effect of a time-varying treatment, and present methods for estimating and testing the parameters of these models.
title: 01_1025
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Renormalization of the 2-point function of the Hubbard model at half-filling
Creators: name: Afchain, Stephane
name: Magnen, Jacques
name: Rivasseau, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the two dimensional Hubbard model at finite temperature T and half-filling is analytic in the coupling constant in a radius at least $c/(\log T)^2$. We also study the self-energy through a new two-particle irreducible expansion and prove that this model is not a Fermi liquid, but a Luttinger liquid with logarithmic corrections. The techniques used are borrowed from constructive field theory so the result is mathematically rigorous and completely non-perturbative. Together with earlier results on the existence of two dimensional Fermi liquids, this new result proves that the nature of interacting Fermi systems in two dimensions depends on the shape of the Fermi surface.
description: 45 pages, 28 figures
Additional file 1 of Novel wearable and contactless monitoring devices to identify deteriorating patients in the clinical setting: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Chan, Peter Y.
name: McNeil, John
name: Nguyen, Tam
name: Ryan, Nicholas
name: Hopper, Ingrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P Checklist
Ground state energy functional with Hartree-Fock efficiency and chemical accuracy
Creators: name: Chen, Yixiao
name: Zhang, Linfeng
name: Wang, Han
name: E, Weinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the Deep Post-Hartree-Fock (DeePHF) method, a machine learning based scheme for constructing accurate and transferable models for the ground-state energy of electronic structure problems. DeePHF predicts the energy difference between results of highly accurate models such as the coupled cluster method and low accuracy models such as the the Hartree-Fock (HF) method, using the ground-state electronic orbitals as the input. It preserves all the symmetries of the original high accuracy model. The added computational cost is less than that of the reference HF or DFT and scales linearly with respect to system size. We examine the performance of DeePHF on organic molecular systems using publicly available datasets and obtain the state-of-art performance, particularly on large datasets.
Speciation and the evolution of mating preferences in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Creators: name: Albert, Arianne Yvonne Kirk
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: My Ph.D research has examined the evolution of mating preferences and their role in speciation. I have addressed these topics empirically, using sympatric species pairs of limnetic and benthic threespine sticklebacks, and theoretically, with multilocus population genetics. Sticklebacks are small fish that occur in lakes, streams and estuaries throughout British Columbia. Most lakes contain one type of stickleback, however, several lakes support two differentially adapted sympatric species: a large benthic form (benthic), and a smaller zooplanktivorous form (limnetic). Chapter 2 examines the role of species interactions in shaping male mating preferences. I determined that the mate preferences of the small species have shifted from preferring large females (the ancestral state) to preferring small females due either to selection against hybrids (reinforcement), or to egg predation by the larger benthic species. Chapter 3 explores the idea that sexual imprinting may facilitate assortative mating between benthic and limnetic sticklebacks. Sexual imprinting occurs when individuals imprint on the phenotype of their parents, and subsequently prefer mates that resemble their parents. The results suggested that sexual imprinting does not contribute to assortative mating between the sympatric species pairs, implying that genetics are more important than early learning for the formation of mate preferences. Chapter 4 focuses on differences in male breeding colour between benthics and limnetics. The results reveal that limnetic males have more intense red and blue coloration than benthic and solitary males. These differences in colour could be due to reinforcement, to differences in visual sensitivity of females, or to territorial interactions between males. Chapter 5 examines the evolution of female mating preferences under different scenarios of sex-linkage, when the male display trait is sexually antagonistic. Theoretical analysis suggests that sexually antagonistic traits on the X chromosome (males XY, females XX), females will evolve to prefer mates carrying alleles beneficial to their daughters. In contrast, with a Z-linked trait (males ZZ, females ZW), females more often evolve preferences for mates carrying alleles beneficial to their sons (e.g., flashy displays). This provides an explanation for why males in ZW species have more elaborate sexual displays than males in XY species.
Anomalous Fermi Liquid Behavior of Overdoped High-Tc Superconductors
Creators: name: Castro, H.
name: Deutscher, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to a generic temperature vs. carrier-doping (T-p) phase diagram of high-temperature superconductors it has been proposed that as doping increases to the overdoped region they approach gradually a conventional (canonical) Fermi Liquid. However, Hall effect measurements in several systems reported by different authors show a still strong \emph{T}-dependence in overdoped samples. We report here electrical transport measurements of Y_{1-x}Ca_{x}Ba_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-delta} thin films presenting a temperature dependence of the Hall constant, R_H, which does not present a gradual transition towards the T-independent behavior of a canonical Fermi Liquid. Instead, the T-dependence passes by a minimum near optimal doping and then increases again in the overdoped region. We discuss the theoretical predictions from two representative Fermi Liquid models and show that they can not give a satisfactory explanation to our data. We conclude that this region of the phase diagram in YBCO, as in most HTSC, is not a canonical Fermi Liquid, therefore we call it Anomalous Fermi Liquid.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Chirality-induced bacterial rheotaxis in bulk shear flows
Creators: name: Jing, Guangyin
name: Zöttl, Andreas
name: Clément, Éric
name: Lindner, Anke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interaction of swimming bacteria with flows controls their ability to explore complex environments, crucial to many societal and environmental challenges and relevant for microfluidic applications as cell sorting. Combining experimental, numerical and theoretical analysis, we present a comprehensive study of the transport of motile bacteria in shear flows. Experimentally, we obtain with high accuracy and for a large range of flow rates, the spatially resolved velocity and orientation distributions. They are in excellent agreement with the simulations of a kinematic model accounting for stochastic and microhydrodynamic properties and in particular the flagella chirality. Theoretical analysis reveals the scaling laws behind the average rheotactic velocity at moderate shear rates using a chirality parameter and explains the reorientation dynamics leading to a saturation at large shear rates from the marginal stability of a fixed point. Our findings constitute a full understanding of the physical mechanisms and relevant parameters of bacteria bulk rheotaxis.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
title: Geochemical Insights into Crustal Melting in the Bhutan Himalaya
Creators: name: Hopkinson, Thomas Neil
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2016

description: Crustal melting and granitic intrusions are characteristics of many continental collision zones. The processes, sources and timing of melt generation in collision zones are critical to understanding crustal and tectonic evolution. In the Himalaya, multiple Oligocene-Miocene leucogranite bodies intrude the Greater Himalayan Series (GHS), a lithotectonic package of high-grade metamorphosed sediments. This package is underthrust by a chemically distinct metasedimentary package, the Lesser Himalayan Series (LHS). Multiple elemental and isotopic techniques provide insight into leucogranite source and petrogenesis in central Bhutan (eastern Himalaya). Whole-rock major and trace elemental abundances confirm that all studied leucogranites are the product of muscovite breakdown between 640 and 760°C. Sr-Nd signatures suggest that most samples were sourced from the GHS; however several samples yield signatures more comparable with those from the LHS, an observation that currently appears unique to Bhutan. O, U-Pb, Hf isotopes in zircon confirm previous whole-rock findings that melting in the eastern Himalaya took place over 20 Myr, from 31 to 11 Ma. Increasingly radiogenic Nd and Hf isotope signatures are observed in younger leucogranites, which suggest a deeper source, and potentially more contribution from melting LHS. Importantly, O-Hf isotopic signatures indicate that there is no mantle input into eastern Himalayan melting, a finding important for heat budget calculations and for crustal growth models in orogenic belts. Stable Rb and Sr isotopic analyses from both whole-rock leucogranites and mineral separates establish, for the first time, that mass-dependent isotopic fractionation occurs during the formation of highly evolved crustal melts. Consistent Sr fractionation of up to 2.51‰ is observed between plagioclase, K-feldspar and micas. These observations have implications for the application of stable isotopes as petrogenetic indicators and for Rb-Sr geochronology. Together, the findings of this study provide new insights into both Himalayan and global tectonic evolution and the geochemical nature of melt generation.
Cross-correlating 2MRS galaxies with UHECR flux from Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Motloch, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a recently proposed cross-correlation power spectrum technique to study relationship between the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHERC) flux from the Pierre Auger Observatory and galaxies from the 2MASS Redshift Survey. Using a simple linear bias model relative to the galaxy auto power spectrum, we are able to constrain the value of bias to be less than 1% for UHECR with energies 4 EeV - 8 EeV, less than 2.3% for UHECR with energies above 8 EeV and less than 21% for UHECR with energies above 52 EeV (all 95% confidence limit). We study energy dependence of the bias, but the small sample size does not allow us to reach any statistically significant conclusions. For the cosmic ray events above 52 EeV we discover a curious excess cross-correlation at $\sim 1^\circ$ degree scales. Given similar cross-correlation is not visible at larger angular scales, statistical fluctuation seems like the most plausible explanation.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, PRD accepted version
Additional file 13 of Integrative analyses of the RNA modification machinery reveal tissue- and cancer-specific signatures
Creators: name: Oguzhan Begik
name: Morghan C. Lucas
name: Huanle Liu
name: Ramirez, Jose Miguel
name: Mattick, John S.
name: Novoa, Eva Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 13: Figure S1. Expression analysis plots (Heatmap and PCA) of RMPs in Human and Mouse tissues. Figure S2. Quantitative real-time PCR of 8 RMPs expressed in four mouse tissues. Figure S3. Proteomics analysis of RMPs in human tissues. Figure S4. Expression of RMPs in Amniote and Primate species. Figure S5. Analysis of target specificity of tissue-specific and non-tissue-specific genes. Figure S6. Expression analysis of RMPs in mouse spermatogenesis and Immunohistochemical staining of HENMT1 in mouse testis and epididymis. Figure S7. Comparison of RMP expression changes during spermatogenesis using published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets (Green et al.,2018 and Xia et al., 2020). Figure S8. Comparison of RMP expression patterns during spermatogenesis, using the data published by Green et al., 2018 and Jung & Wells et al., 2019. Figure S9. Comparative analysis of mRNA expression levels of HENMT1, NSUN2, NSUN7 and METTL14 during spermatogenesis, extracted from 3 distinct single-cell RNAseq publicly available datasets. Figure S10. Immunofluorescence of NSUN2 and NSUN7 RMPs in mouse testis. Figure S11. Heatmap of the RMP expression changes (log2FC) between tumor and normal samples, across 28 cancer types. Figure S12. Scatterplots showing expression levels of RMPs in matched tumor-normal samples for all 28 cancer types analyzed. Figure S13. Tumor stage-specific RNA expression levels of LAGE3 and HENMT1. Figure S14. Immunohistochemical staining of Tissue microarray (TMA) with LAGE3 and HENMT1 antibodies. Figure S15. Immunohistochemical staining of mouse testis and epididymis using isotype control rabbit IgG antibody (negative control).
Comment on "Theory of high-force DNA stretching and overstretching"
Creators: name: Lam, Pui-Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently Storm and Nelson [1] (Phys.Rev. E67, 51906 (2003)) introduced the discrete persistent chain model which contains both features of the freely jointed chain (FJC) and the wormlike chain (WLC) models. Equation (20) of their paper is correct only in a special case of large l, the ratio of the persistence length to the monomer length. This special case is unnecessary because the general case can be studied just as easily. Working out the general case, we obtain the force extension relation correct for all values of the parameter l. This force extension relation reduces to the FJC result at small l and to the WLC at large l. At small force, it reduces to the result of Rosa et al (cond-mat/0307015).
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Current and Future Neutrino Oscillation Constraints on Leptonic Unitarity
Creators: name: Ellis, Sebastian A. R.
name: Kelly, Kevin J.
name: Li, Shirley Weishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix is a critical assumption underlying the standard neutrino-mixing paradigm. However, many models seeking to explain the as-yet-unknown origin of neutrino masses predict deviations from unitarity in the mixing of the active neutrino states. Motivated by the prospect that future experiments may provide a precise measurement of the lepton mixing matrix, we revisit current constraints on unitarity violation from oscillation measurements and project how next-generation experiments will improve our current knowledge. With the next-generation data, the normalizations of all rows and columns of the lepton mixing matrix will be constrained to $\lesssim$10\% precision, with the $e$-row best measured at $\lesssim$1\% and the $τ$-row worst measured at ${\sim}10\%$ precision. The measurements of the mixing matrix elements themselves will be improved on average by a factor of $3$. We highlight the complementarity of DUNE, T2HK, JUNO, and IceCube Upgrade for these improvements, as well as the importance of $ν_τ$ appearance measurements and sterile neutrino searches for tests of leptonic unitarity.
description: 50 pages, 18 figures. Comments are welcome. Minor changes, rearranged order of results. Matches version published in JHEP
Finite Energy Extension of a Lattice Glass Model
Creators: name: McCullagh, Gavin D.
name: Cellai, Davide
name: Lawlor, Aonghus
name: Dawson, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend a previously studied lattice model of particles with infinite repulsions to the case of finite energy interactions. The phase diagram is studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. Simulations of dynamical phenomena are made using the canonical ensemble. We find interesting order-disorder transitions in the equilibrium phase diagram and identify several anomalous regimes of diffusivity. These phenomena may be relevant to the case of strong orientational bonding near freezing.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The detection of single electrons by means of a Micromegas-covered MediPix2 pixel CMOS readout circuit
Creators: name: Campbell, M.
name: Chefdeville, M.
name: Colas, P.
name: Colijn, A. P.
name: Fornaini, A.
name: Giomataris, Y.
name: van der Graaf, H.
name: Heijne, E. H. M
name: Kluit, P.
name: Llopart, X.
name: Schmitz, J.
name: Timmermans, J.
name: Visschers, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A small drift chamber was read out by means of a MediPix2 readout chip as direct anode. A Micromegas foil was placed 50 $μ$m above the chip, and electron multiplication occurred in the gap. With a He/Isobutane 80/20 mixture, gas multiplication factors up to tens of thousands were achieved, resulting in an efficiency for detecting single electrons of better than 90% . We recorded many frames containing 2D images with tracks from cosmic muons. Along these tracks, electron clusters were observed, as well as delta-rays.
description: 15 pages, 9 included postscript figures, 5 separate jpeg figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A. A complete postscript version with high resolution figures 1, 3, 11, 12 and 14 can be found at http://www.nikhef.nl/~i06/RandD/final/letter4.ps
Additional file 1 of Soil properties changes earthworm diversity indices in different agro-ecosystem
Creators: name: Singh, Sharanpreet
name: Ayushi Sharma
name: Khajuria, Kiran
name: Singh, Jaswinder
name: Vig, Adarsh Pal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The different sampling sites along with their agroecosystem, vegetation and GPS coordinates.
Morse potential in relativistic contexts from generalized momentum operator, Pekeris approximation revisited and mapping
Creators: name: Gomez, Ignacio S.
name: Santos, Esdras S.
name: Abla, Olavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we explore a generalization of the Dirac and Klein-Gordon (KG) oscillators, provided with a deformed linear momentum inspired in nonextensive statistics, that gives place to the Morse potential in relativistic contexts by first principles. In the (1+1)-dimensional case the relativistic oscillators are mapped into the quantum Morse potential. Using the Pekeris approximation, in the (3+1)-dimensional case we study the thermodynamics of the S-waves states (l=0) of the H2, LiH, HCl and CO molecules (in the non-relativistic limit) and of a relativistic electron, where Schottky anomalies (due to the finiteness of the Morse spectrum) and spin contributions to the heat capacity are reported. By revisiting a generalized Pekeris approximation, we provide a mapping from (3+1)-dimensional Dirac and KG equations with a spherical potential to an associated one-dimensional Schrödinger-like equation, and we obtain the family of potentials for which this mapping corresponds to a Schrödinger equation with non-minimal coupling.
title: A Freudian Dream: Interpretations of A Midsummer Night’s Dream by Psychoanalysts and Psychoanalytically Informed Literary Critics
Creators: name: Jacobs, Michael
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: The thesis analyses interpretations of A Midsummer Night’s Dream by Freudian and post-Freudian clinicians, and by literary critics influenced by psychoanalytic theory. The primary material is principally taken from the Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing database, and includes 37 papers or chapters by psychoanalysts and some by psychoanalytically informed literary critics, addressing aspects of the Dream. This considerable body of critical analysis of the play has largely been ignored by literary critics. Certain themes in this substantial body of criticism are identified and analysed: how dreams in the play have been variously interpreted psychoanalytically; the clinical interest in dreams within a dream and the relevance of this to the play and to the device of the play within the play; the dark side of the Dream including the function of comedy to disguise the play’s nightmare quality; and the dominance of oedipal interpretations to the neglect of other aspects of Freud’s writing about love. The thesis considers how far psychoanalytic criticism of the play reflects changes in psychoanalytic theory and phases of literary criticism. The thesis highlights the absence of meaningful interaction between Freudian clinicians and literary critics who examine the Dream during the same sixty year period from the 1950s, missing opportunities for productive intellectual dialogue. The thesis observes that literary critics refer more than clinicians to more recent psychoanalytic thinking; and that there are places where the clinicians could have enhanced their interpretations by reference to Freud’s writing on humour, on love and object choices, on illusion and transference-love. The thesis concludes that psychoanalytic critics of the play make a complementary contribution to literary criticism, and that the papers merit greater prominence in the reception history of the play.