Eusynnada Heller 1925
Creators: name: Kojima, Hiroaki
name: Ayri, Shaloo
name: Ramamurthy, V. V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Eusynnada

description: Genus Eusynnada Heller, 1925, stat. res.
Eusynnada Heller, 1925: 226 (type species: E. plaxoides Heller, 1925; Prionomerini); Voss, 1937: 136 (Java; Anthonominae: Prionomerini: Ochyromerina); Voss, 1953: 55 (China: Fukien; Anthonominae: Endaeini); Voss, 1958: 109. Endaeus: Kojima & Morimoto, 1995: 559 (as a junior synonym; Tychiinae: Ochyromerini); Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999: 85 (catalogue; Curculioninae: Tychiini: Ochyromerina).
Redescription. Derm glossy, thinly clothed with fine setae. Head semiglobular, without constriction behind eyes. Eyes very large and convex, the distance between them narrower on ventral side than on dorsal one, maximum width between outer margins of eyes as wide as apex of pronotum. Rostrum much longer in female than in male; antennal scrobes different in sexes: running obliquely to lower part of eye in male or dorsal carina of scrobe running to upper part of eye in female. Antennae with scape reaching apical part of eye; funicle 7-segmented, basal two segments longer than broad, third to seventh transverse; club ovate, with basal two segments subequal in length.
Prothorax strongly rounded laterally, with basal and weak apical constrictions. Scutellum tongue-shaped. Elytra weakly rounded laterally, separately rounded at apices; ultimate and penultimate striae very close to each other beyond metepisternum. Pygidium broadly exposed when in repose in male. Legs with front femora abruptly swollen around middle, much wider than middle and hind femora, each armed with triangular tooth, provided with erect setae along external margin, middle and hind femora similar to each other, provided with few erect setae along external margin of tooth; front tibiae curved, provided with erect setae along inner margin on basal half, dilated internally near apex, middle and hind tibiae weakly sinuate internally, similar to each other except uncus much reduced in size in hind pair; tarsi robust, claws moderately divergent, each with triangular basal process.
Venter with metasternum weakly depressed in middle in male; posterior margin of second ventrite more broadly curved posteriorly at sides than third and fourth ventrites; first ventrite behind coxae and second to fourth ventrites each subequal in length. Fifth ventrite much shorter than length third and fourth ventrites combined.
Tergum of abdomen with pair of scrapers for stridulation on anterior margin of seventh tergite.
Terminalia as illustrated (Figs. 18–30); aedeagal apodemes shorter than body, tegmen open dorsally; sternite 8 paired and narrow, spiculum gastrale symmetrical, shorter than aedeagal body; hemisternites of ovipositor with short styli, slightly longer than broad; spermatheca comma-shaped, duct and gland close to each other and invaginated into collum at bases; sternite 8 with apodeme slender.
Comments. Though Heller (1924) described “pygidium obtegentia”, the male abdominal ventrites of the paratype are so unnaturally bent upward that the pygidium is concealed by the elytra. The pygidium is broadly, almost vertically exposed in the male when in repose.
Eusynnada was synonymised with Endaeus Schoenherr, 1826 by Kojima & Morimoto (1995), however, the genus is quite different from Endaeus and other ochyromerine genera by the combination of the following features: glossy derm thinly covered with fine setae; very large and convex eyes more close to each other in ventral than in dorsal view; antennal scrobes different in males and females; antennal funicle 7-segmented; pygidium broadly exposed in male; front femora abruptly swollen, each armed with large triangular tooth and second ventrite more broadly curved caudad at sides than third and fourth ventrites.
Voss (1937, 1943, 1953) described three species, E. lata, E. testacea and E. rubella from Java, E. stictica, from Fukien, and E. ceylonica, under the subgenus Persynnada from Ceylon. However, they differ from the typical Eusynnada defined here. The three Javanese species may be placed among Ochyromera and its allies judging from the original description. Eusynnada stictica, of which the type was examined by the senior author, is very close to Ochyromera suturalis Kojima & Morimoto, 1996 from Japan and O. ligustri Warner, 1961 from the USA. Eusynnada ceylonica may be placed among Endaeus and its allies due to the 6-segmented funicle. Thus, all species described by Voss will be removed from Eusynnada. Their taxonomic position will be settled after all the types are studied.
Eusynnada may be related to Aedenus Voss, 1937 and Katsurazo Kojima, 1997 by having large, convex eyes, antennal funicle 7-segmented, and the broadly exposed pygidium in the male. However, Aedenus differs from Eusynnada by the front femora, which are not differentiated from the middle and hind femora. Katsurazo differs from Eusynnada by having unusual male antennae.
Distribution. Andaman Island (India), Thailand, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java). New records are India and Thailand.
description: Published as part of Kojima, Hiroaki, Ayri, Shaloo & Ramamurthy, V. V., 2016, Eusynnada, a resurrected genus of Ochyromerina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Tychiini), with description of a second species from India and Thailand, pp. 469-476 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 469-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/270556