cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mapping the magnetic state as a function of anti-site disorder in Sm$ _{2} $NiMnO$ _{6} $ double perovskite thin films
Creators: name: Majumder, S.
name: Tripathi, M.
name: Raghunathan, R.
name: Rajput, P.
name: Jha, S. N.
name: de Souza, D. O.
name: Olivi, L.
name: Chowdhury, S.
name: Choudhary, R. J.
name: Phase, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictability of any characteristic functional aspect in a double perovskite system has always been compromised by its strong dependence over the inevitably present anti-site disorders (ASD). Here, we aim to precisely map the quantitative and qualitative nature of ASD with the corresponding modifications in observables describing the magnetic and electronic state in epitaxial Sm$ _{2} $NiMnO$ _{6} $ (SNMO) double perovskite thin films. The concentration and distribution patterns of ASD are effectively controlled by optimizing growth conditions and estimated on both local and global scales utilizing extended X-ray absorption fine structure and bulk magnetometry. Depending upon the defect densities, the nature of disorder distribution can vary from homogeneous to partially segregated patches. Primarily, the effect of varying B-site cationic arrangement in SNMO is reflected as the competition of long range ferromagnetic (FM) and short scale antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions originated from ordered Ni-O-Mn and disordered Ni-O-Ni or Mn-O-Mn bonds, respectively, which leads to systematic shift in magnetic transition temperature and drastic drop in saturation magnetization. In addition, we have observed that the gradual increment in density of ASD leads to significant deviation from uniaxial anisotropy character, reduction in anisotropy energy and enhancement of moment pinning efficiency. However, the observed signatures of $ Ni^{2+}+Mn^{4+} \longrightarrow Ni^{3+}+Mn^{3+} $ charge disproportionation is found to be independent of cation disorder densities. This work serves as a basic route-map to tune the characteristic magnetic anisotropy, magnetic phase transitions, and magnetization reversal mechanism by controlling ASD in a general double perovskite system.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures and supplementary information
Characterizing Polygonality in Biological Structures
Creators: name: Costa, Luciano da Fontoura
name: Rocha, Fernando
name: de Lima, Silene Araujo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several systems involve spatial arrangements of elements such as molecules or cells, the characterization of which bears important implications to biological and physical investigations. Traditional approaches to quantify spatial order and regularity have relied on nearest neighbor distances or the number of sides of cells. The current work shows that superior features can be achieved by considering angular regularity. Voronoi tessellations are obtained for each basic element and the angular regularity is then estimated from the differences between the angles defined by adjacent cells and a reference angle. In case this angle is 60 degrees, the measurement quantifies the hexagonality of the system. Other reference angles can be considered in order to quantify other types of spatial symmetries. The performance of the angular regularity is compared with other measurements including the conformity ratio (based on nearest neighbor distances) and the number of sides of the cells, confirming its improved sensitivity and discrimination power. The superior performance of the haxagonality measurement is illustrated also with respect to a real application concerning the characterization of retinal mosaics.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Engineering Three Dimensional Moiré Flat Bands
Creators: name: Xian, Lede
name: Fischer, Ammon
name: Claassen, Martin
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Rubio, Angel
name: Kennes, Dante M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the concept of moiré flat bands can be generalized to achieve electronic band engineering in all three spatial dimensions. For many two dimensional van der Waals materials, twisting two adjacent layers with respect to each other leads to flat electronic bands in the two corresponding spatial directions -- a notion sometimes referred to as twistronics as it enables a wealth of physical phenomena. Within this two dimensional plane, large moiré patterns of nanometer size form. The basic concept we propose here is to stack multiple twisted layers on top of each other in a predefined pattern. If the pattern is chosen such that with respect to the stacking direction of layers, the large spatial moiré features are spatially shifted from one twisted layer to the next, the system exhibits twist angle controlled flat bands in all of the three spatial directions. With this, our proposal extends the use of twistronic to three dimensions. We exemplify the general concept by considering graphitic systems, boron nitride and WSe$_2$ as candidate materials, but the approach is applicable to any two-dimensional van der Waals material. For hexagonal boron nitride we develope an ab initio fitted tight binding model that captures the corresponding three dimensional low-energy electronic structure. We outline that interesting three dimensional correlated phases of matter can be induced and controlled following this route, including quantum magnets and unconventional superconducting states.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
People and water : a resource book for applying community-based watershed management to informal settlements
Creators: name: Harstone, Michael D. A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The already rapid pace of urbanization in developing countries is exacerbated in informal settlements. These unplanned areas typically have twice the growth rates o f the city region and account for the majority of organic pollutants within Third World Cities. Conditions in and around these areas are deteriorating and alarmingly unhealthy: Many observers cite these areas as the most polluted and disease ridden habitats on the planet. Planners and urban managers are struggling with finding new ways to cope with these unregulated areas, as traditional urban management approaches have failed. One of the most recent arrivals is community-based watershed management (CBWM). Unfortunately, there is little guidance from the developmental field on how CBWM can be applied; the information that is available is inconsistent as there is wide disagreement in practice for the scope and nature of its activities. This thesis provides decision-makers, urban managers, planners and international agencies with ideas and resources for applying CBWM strategies to the urban environment and informal settlements. Integrating information from participatory development, integrated watershed management, and urban environmental management, this thesis has taken the form of a Resource Book to better illustrate a process, and associated principles, methods, and tools for CBWM. Beginning with an overview of the challenges and opportunities for CBWM, this document continues by developing a municipal planning framework that identifies the main concepts and potential activities for CBWM and organizes them in a logical format. This framework is supplemented with a menu (or toolbox) of specific strategies available to carryout CBWM according to the institutional, social, and environmental systems. The final section of this document concludes with three appendices which provide users with additional resources and reference points to more specific information. This Resource Book is based on meta-research: drawing from the documented experiences of other researchers and collating the information into a useful and comprehensive format. While it attempts to reach as wide an audience as possible, its current format is perhaps most appropriately targeted at the professional level. It is, therefore, considered a first step (or one component) towards a community-level resource book that is more applicable to all stakeholders.
¿Cómo implementar la metodología de aula invertida en educación superior?
Creators: name: Blanco, Ángel Fidalgo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Flip Teaching, Flipped Classroom, Aula Inversa, Aula Invertida, Tendencia Innovación Educativa

description: Mapa de conceptos con las siguientes ramas: Introducción al Aula Invertida. Conceptos básicos. Indicadores para saber si el Aula Invertida funciona en nuestras asignaturas. Actividades y procesos del método MicroFlipTeaching. Escuela de cocina Recursos
Non-equilibrium critical dynamics in disordered ferromagnets
Creators: name: Schehr, G.
name: Paul, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss some aspects of the non-equilibrium relaxational dynamics which occur after a quench at a disordered critical point. In particular, we focus on the violation of the fluctuation dissipation theorem for local as well as non-local observables and on persistence properties.
description: Submitted to Journal of Physics, proceedings of the Conf. on "Ageing and the glass transition" held in Luxembourg
1 Brief an Hans Georg Nägeli
Brief an Nägeli ...
Creators: name: Fröhlich, Friedrich Theodor
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1830

description: von F[riedrich] Th[eodor] Fröhlich
description: Fragmentarische Abschrift dieses Briefs in Ms Car. XV 199.19a (Anfang fehlt)
Deliverable 5.5 Handbook to support set up of (activities for) a Policy Lab
Creators: name: Bos, Veerle
name: Brierley, Chrissie
name: Wagner, Petra
name: Wenink, Jolien
name: Van Es, Veroni
name: Redd, Tom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: FIT4FOOD2030
Dissemination
Responsible Research and Innovation
Food and Nutrition Security
FOOD2030EU
Food system transformation
Tools for transformation
R&I Policy Lab handbook
Horizon Europe Programme

description: Our current food systems are not sustainable and are facing a number of complex and persistent challenges, such as the loss of biodiversity, climate change and diet-related diseases. An urgent transformation towards a sustainable and healthy food system for all is needed and requires evidence-based knowledge and innovations to guide and accelerate this system change. To achieve that, the FIT4FOOD2030 project ran for three years from November 2017 to support the European Commission in the development and implementation of FOOD2030 and its action plan, by creating a sustainable, multi-stakeholder platform, through mobilizing a wide variety of stakeholders at the level of cities, regions, countries, and Europe. The main aims of the network are strengthening R&I policy and programmes, building competences for food systems R&I and raising awareness.
Radio Photosphere and Mass-Loss Envelope of VY CMa
Creators: name: Lipscy, S. J.
name: Jura, M.
name: Reid, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the VLA to detect emission from the supergiant VY CMa at radio wavelengths and have constructed 3000-4500 K isothermal outer atmospheres constrained by the data. These models produce a radio photosphere at 1.5-2 R_ast. An extrapolation of the model can account for the observed total mass-loss rate of the star. We also present mid-infrared imaging of the supergiant that suggests warm dust is extended in the same direction as the near-infrared reflection nebula around VY CMa. The origin of the asymmetries in the outflow remains an unsolved problem.
description: Accepted for publication in June 10, 2005, ApJ. 20 pages, 5 figures
Post-Newtonian constraints on f(R) cosmologies in metric formalism
Creators: name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the complete post-Newtonian limit of the metric form of f(R) gravities using a scalar-tensor representation. By comparing the predictions of these theories with laboratory and solar system experiments, we find a set of inequalities that any lagrangian f(R) must satisfy. The constraints imposed by those inequalities allow us to find explicit bounds to the possible nonlinear terms of the lagrangian. We conclude that the lagrangian f(R) must be almost linear in R and that corrections that grow at low curvatures are incompatible with observations. This result shows that modifications of gravity at very low cosmic densities cannot be responsible for the observed cosmic speed-up.
description: 10 pages, no figures, revtex4
The Rise and Fall of the Most-Favored-Nation Clause
Creators: name: Cebi, Pinar
name: Ludema, Rodney
name: Cebi, Pinar
name: Ludema, Rodney
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The United States and other industrialized countries were once strong proponents of generalized, unconditional Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) treatment as a fundamental GATT rule. Today that support is much diminished, and industrialized countries routinely adopt policies that circumvent MFN. This paper develops a model of multilateral trade negotiations to illustrate some of the trade-offs large countries face in adopting MFN and how these trade-offs may change over time. Two large countries (the North) negotiate a trade agreement with each other and with a continuum of smaller countries (the South). Under unconditional MFN, northern tariff reductions must be extended to all southern countries regardless of whether or not the southern countries agree to reciprocate. This raises the cost to the North of inducing southern countries to join the agreement. On the other hand, MFN treatment, by ensuring access to the northern market, induces factors of production in the South to move into the export sector. This increases the gains to trade and also reduces political opposition to trade liberalization in southern countries, thereby reducing the cost to the North of inducing them to join the agreement. Over time, as capital accumulates in the export sectors of the South, the cost of MFN to the North rises relative to the benefits. Thus, the very success of MFN in promoting comparative advantage may cause the North to switch from being a net beneficiary to a net loser from MFN over the course to time.
The Quantum Wasserstein Distance of Order 1
Creators: name: De Palma, Giacomo
name: Marvian, Milad
name: Trevisan, Dario
name: Lloyd, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a generalization of the Wasserstein distance of order 1 to the quantum states of $n$ qudits. The proposal recovers the Hamming distance for the vectors of the canonical basis, and more generally the classical Wasserstein distance for quantum states diagonal in the canonical basis. The proposed distance is invariant with respect to permutations of the qudits and unitary operations acting on one qudit and is additive with respect to the tensor product. Our main result is a continuity bound for the von Neumann entropy with respect to the proposed distance, which significantly strengthens the best continuity bound with respect to the trace distance. We also propose a generalization of the Lipschitz constant to quantum observables. The notion of quantum Lipschitz constant allows us to compute the proposed distance with a semidefinite program. We prove a quantum version of Marton's transportation inequality and a quantum Gaussian concentration inequality for the spectrum of quantum Lipschitz observables. Moreover, we derive bounds on the contraction coefficients of shallow quantum circuits and of the tensor product of one-qudit quantum channels with respect to the proposed distance. We discuss other possible applications in quantum machine learning, quantum Shannon theory, and quantum many-body systems.
1 Brief an H[an]s Georg Nägeli
Brief an Nägeli ...
Creators: name: Frei, Johann Jakob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1829

description: von [Johann Jakob] Frei
description: Beiliegend: 1 Brief von Albrecht Tunger an Mireille Geering, Zentralbibliothek Zürich, dat. Trogen, 5.1.1989, betr. Nägeli-Briefe im Nachlass J.J. Frei in der Kantonsbibliothek Trogen, inkl. Fotokopie eines Briefs von H.G. Nägeli, dat. Zürich, 30.1.1828
Point Source Extraction with MOPEX
Creators: name: Makovoz, David
name: Marleau, Francine R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MOPEX (MOsaicking and Point source EXtraction) is a package developed at the Spitzer Science Center for astronomical image processing. We report on the point source extraction capabilities of MOPEX. Point source extraction is implemented as a two step process: point source detection and profile fitting. Non-linear matched filtering of input images can be performed optionally to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and improve detection of faint point sources. Point Response Function (PRF) fitting of point sources produces the final point source list which includes the fluxes and improved positions of the point sources, along with other parameters characterizing the fit. Passive and active deblending allows for successful fitting of confused point sources. Aperture photometry can also be computed for every extracted point source for an unlimited number of aperture sizes. PRF is estimated directly from the input images. Implementation of efficient methods of background and noise estimation, and modified Simplex algorithm contribute to the computational efficiency of MOPEX. The package is implemented as a loosely connected set of perl scripts, where each script runs a number of modules written in C/C++. Input parameter setting is done through namelists, ASCII configuration files. We present applications of point source extraction to the mosaic images taken at 24 and 70 micron with the Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) as part of the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey and to a Digital Sky Survey image. Completeness and reliability of point source extraction is computed using simulated data.
description: 20 pages, 13 Postscript figures, accepted for publication in PASP
Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution Havens: Evaluating the Evidence from China
Creators: name: Dean, Judith M.
name: Lovely, Mary E.
name: Wang, Hua
name: Dean, Judith M.
name: Lovely, Mary E.
name: Wang, Hua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: One of the most contentious debates today is whether pollution-intensive industries seek locations with weak environmental standards, turning these locations into 'pollution havens." Empirical studies to date show little evidence to support the pollution haven hypothesis, but suffer potentially from omitted variable bias, specification, and measurement errors. This paper estimates the strength of pollution-haven behavior by examining the location choices of equity joint venture (EJV) projects in China. We derive a location choice model from a theoretical framework that incorporates the firm's production and abatement decision, agglomeration and factor abundance. We estimate conditional logit and nested multinomial logit models using new data sets containing information on a sample of EJV projects, effective environmental levies on water pollution, and estimates of Chinese emissions and abatement costs for 3-digit ISIC industries. Results from 2886 manufacturing joint venture projects during 1993-1996 show EJVs from all source countries go into provinces with high concentrations of foreign investment, relatively abundant stocks of skilled workers, concentrations of foreign firms, and special incentives. Environmental stringency does affect location choice, but not in the manner described by the pollution haven hypothesis. Relatively weak environmental levies are a significant attraction for joint ventures with partners from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and other Southeast Asian developing countries. In contrast, joint ventures with partners from industrial country sources (e.g., US, UK and Japan) are actually attracted by stringent environmental levies, regardless of the pollution intensity of the industry. We discuss the likely role of technological differences in explaining these results.
Elliptic Flow Analysis at RHIC with the Lee-Yang Zeroes Method in a Relativistic Transport Approach
Creators: name: Zhu, Xianglei
name: Bleicher, Marcus
name: Stoecker, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lee-Yang zeroes method is applied to study elliptic flow ($v_2$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200A$~GeV, with the UrQMD model. In this transport approach, the true event plane is known and both the nonflow effects and event-by-event $v_2$ fluctuations exist. Although the low resolutions prohibit the application of the method for most central and peripheral collisions, the integral and differential elliptic flow from the Lee-Yang zeroes method agrees with the exact $v_2$ values very well for semi-central collisions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Topological correspondence between magnetic space group representations
Creators: name: Bouhon, Adrien
name: Lange, Gunnar F.
name: Slager, Robert-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past years have seen rapid progress in the classification of topological materials. These diagnostical methods are increasingly getting explored in the pertinent context of magnetic structures. We report on a general class of electronic configurations within a set of anti-ferromagnetic-compatible space groups that are necessarily topological. Interestingly, we find a systematic correspondence between these anti-ferromagnetic phases to necessarily nontrivial topological ferro/ferrimagnetic counterparts that are readily obtained through physically motivated perturbations. Addressing the exhaustive list of magnetic space groups in which this mechanism occurs, we also verify its presence on planes in 3D systems that were deemed trivial in existing classification schemes. This leads to the formulation of the concept of subdimensional topologies, featuring non-triviality within part of the system that coexists with stable Weyl points away from these planes, thereby uncovering novel topological materials in the full 3D sense that have readily observable features in their bulk and surface spectrum.
description: 16+8 pages, 11+2 figures;new version comprises extensive updates upon combining previous manuscript with a follow-up study
Post-Newtonian constraints on f(R) cosmologies in Palatini formalism
Creators: name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the complete post-Newtonian limit of the Palatini form of f(R) gravities using a scalar-tensor representation. By comparing the predictions of these theories with laboratory and solar system experiments, we find a set of inequalities that any lagrangian f(R) must satisfy. The constraints imposed by those inequalities allow us to find explicit functions that bound from above and from below the possible nonlinear terms of the lagrangian. We conclude that the lagrangian f(R) must be almost linear in R and that nonlinear corrections that grow at low curvatures are incompatible with observations. This result shows that modifications of gravity at very low cosmic densities cannot be responsible for the observed cosmic speed-up.
description: 8 pages, no figures
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: October 2018 Michigan 08 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); Michigan Congressional District 08 (1); Democratic Candidate Elissa Slotkin (1); Republican Candidate Mike Bishop (1); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump approval (1); support/oppose various political positions (4); pre-existing health condition.
A Discussion on Armington Trade Substitution Elasticities
Creators: name: McDaniel, Christine A.
name: Balistreri, Edward J.
name: McDaniel, Christine A.
name: Balistreri, Edward J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Applied partial and general equilibrium models used to examine trade policy are almost universally sensitive to trade elasticities. Indeed, the Armington elasticity, the degree of substitution between domestic and imported goods, is a key behavioral parameter that drives the quantitative, and sometimes the qualitative, results that policymakers use. While standard transparent approaches to econometric estimation of these elasticities have been offered for the last 30 years, the estimates are viewed as too small by many trade economists. A few robust findings emerge from the econometric literature: (1) more disaggregate analyses find higher elasticities, (2) long-run estimates are higher than short-run estimates, and (3) time series analyses generally find lower elasticities relative to cross-sectional studies. We offer simulation results to illustrate the sensitivity of general equilibrium models to Armington elasticites. We conclude with remarks on the current challenges that remain in determining these important parameters.
Pre-Inflationary Spacetime in String Cosmology
Creators: name: McInnes, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seiberg and Witten have shown that the non-perturbative stability of string physics on conformally compactified spacetimes is related to the behaviour of the areas and volumes of certain branes as the brane is moved towards infinity. If, as is particularly natural in quantum cosmology, the spatial sections of an accelerating cosmological model are flat and compact, then the spacetime is on the brink of disaster: it turns out that the version of inflationary spacetime geometry with toral spatial sections is marginally stable in the Seiberg-Witten sense. The question is whether the system remains stable before and after Inflation, when the spacetime geometry is distorted away from the inflationary form but still has flat spatial sections. We show that it is indeed possible to avoid disaster, but that requiring stability at all times imposes non-trivial conditions on the spacetime geometry of the early Universe in string cosmology. This in turn allows us to suggest a candidate for the structure which, in the earliest Universe, forbids cosmological singularities.
description: Final version to appear in NPB, 27 pages including 1 eps figure
Prebisch-Singer Redux
Creators: name: Cuddington, John T.
name: Ludema, Rodney
name: Jayasuriya, Shamila A
name: Cuddington, John T.
name: Ludema, Rodney
name: Jayasuriya, Shamila A
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: In light of ongoing concern about commodity specialization in Latin America, this paper revisits the argument of Prebisch (1950) that, over the long term, declining terms of trade would frustrate the development goals of the region. This paper has two main objectives. The first is to clarify the issues raised by Prebisch and Singer (1950), as they relate the commodity specialization of developing countries (and Latin America in particular). The second is to reconsider empirically the issue of trends in commodity prices, using recent data and techniques. We show that rather than a downward trend, real primary prices over the last century have experienced one or more abrupt shifts, or "structural breaks," downwards. The preponderance evidence points to a single break in 1921, with no trend, positive or negative, before or since.
Competition Alleviates Present Bias in Task Completion
Creators: name: Saraf, Aditya
name: Karlin, Anna R.
name: Morgenstern, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We build upon recent work [Kleinberg and Oren, 2014, Kleinberg et al., 2016, 2017] that considers present biased agents, who place more weight on costs they must incur now than costs they will incur in the future. They consider a graph theoretic model where agents must complete a task and show that present biased agents can take exponentially more expensive paths than optimal. We propose a theoretical model that adds competition into the mix -- two agents compete to finish a task first. We show that, in a wide range of settings, a small amount of competition can alleviate the harms of present bias. This can help explain why biased agents may not perform so poorly in naturally competitive settings, and can guide task designers on how to protect present biased agents from harm. Our work thus paints a more positive picture than much of the existing literature on present bias.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures. Updated with grant acknowledgments only
title: A seamless framework for formal reasoning on specifications : model derivation, verification and comparison
Creators: name: Mendoza Santana, Juan Jose
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: While formal methods have been demonstrated to be favourable to the construction of reliable systems, they also present us with several limitations. Most of the eﬀorts regarding formal reasoning are concerned with model correctness for critical systems, while other properties, including model validity, have seen little development, especially in the context of non-critical systems. We set to advance model validation by relating a software model with the corresponding requirements it is intended to capture. This requires us to express both requirements and models in a common formal language, which in turn will enable not only model validation, but also model generation and comparison. We present a novel framework (TOMM) that integrates the formalization of class diagrams and requirements, along with a set of formal theories to validate, infer, and compare class models. We introduce SpeCNL, a controlled domain independent subset of English sentences, and a document structure named ConSpec. The combination of both allows us to express and formalize functional requirements related to class models. Our formal framework is accompanied by a proof-of-concept tool that integrates language and image processing libraries, as well as formal methods, to aid the usage and evaluation of our theories. In addition, we provide an implementation that performs partial extraction of relevant information from the graphical representations of class diagrams. Though diﬀerent approaches to model validation exist, they assume the existence of formal speciﬁcations for the model to be checked. In contrast, our approach has been shown to deal with informal speciﬁcations and seamlessly validate, generate and compare class models.
Quaternionic Step Derivative: Machine Precision Differentiation of Holomorphic Functions using Complex Quaternions
Creators: name: Roelfs, Martin
name: Dudal, David
name: Huybrechs, Daan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The known Complex Step Derivative (CSD) method allows easy and accurate differentiation up to machine precision of real analytic functions by evaluating them a small imaginary step next to the real number line. The current paper proposes that derivatives of holomorphic functions can be calculated in a similar fashion by taking a small step in a quaternionic direction instead. It is demonstrated that in so doing the CSD properties of high accuracy and convergence are carried over to derivatives of holomorphic functions. To demonstrate the ease of implementation, numerical experiments were performed using complex quaternions, the geometric algebra of space, and a $2 \times 2$ matrix representation thereof.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
1 Brieffragment an [Hans Georg] Nägeli
Brief an Nägeli ...
Creators: name: Cramer, Carl Friedrich
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1807

description: von [Carl Friedrich?] Cramer
description: Cramer: wahrscheinlich Carl Friedrich Cramer, der von 1795 bis zu seinem Tod im Dezember 1807 in Paris lebte
Teaching a very low fat semi-vegitarian diet vs. the standard modified fat diet : effects on cardiac risk factors and nutrition-related quality of life
Creators: name: Johnson, Frances Nakauchi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effect of instructing adults with cardiovascular disease on a lacto-ovovegetarian plus fish diet (15% total fat, <6% saturates, <100 mg cholesterol) or the standard diet (30% fat, 7-10% saturates, 200-300 mg cholesterol) was studied. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental or the control diet for 12 weeks. Measurements of weight, waist circumference, serum lipids and nutrition-related quality of life were taken before and after the intervention. Diets were monitored by 3-day food records and analyzed using the Nutritionist IV™ for Windows Version 4.1 diet analysis program. Adherence was self-reported by completion of a daily calendar. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 9.0 for Windows. The General Linear Model repeated measures procedure was used to compare the effects of the intervention on the two groups. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were also conducted. There was no difference between the two groups in actual diet followed during the intervention (17.4% total fat, 4.4% saturated fat, 135 mg cholesterol per day) nor in outcome measures. Both groups benefited equally from diet intervention. Weight decreased by 2.1% (p<O.OOl), waist circumference by 1.7% (p<O.Ol), total cholesterol by 3.7% (p<0.05), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol by 5.3% (p<0.001). Scores for nutrition-related health perceptions improved significantly by 21 ± 35% (p=.002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 26% of the difference in LDLcholesterol (p=.003) and 45% of the % difference in weight (p<.001) were accounted for by difference in energy intake and nutrition-related perceptions of health. Adherence scores showed significant inverse relationships with total (p=.002) and saturated fat (p=.001) intake. Nutrition-related health perceptions emerged as the predictor for adherence (p=.002). In conclusion, there appears to be no difference in short-term outcome by teaching a more restricted diet to subjects already on a low fat diet in a cardiac rehabilitation program. However, these results suggest that perceptions regarding one's health impact significantly on factors that affect energy intake, weight changes, and overall adherence to diet. Therefore, dietitians could emphasize the health benefits of dietary changes to encourage greater adherence to dietary principles.
Deliverable 6.1 CATALOGUE ON ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS, FORMATS AND NEEDS FOR TRAININGS
Creators: name: Paca, Cristina
name: Fenollosa, Carmen
name: Lazaro-Mojica, Jonas
name: Regeer, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: FIT4FOOD2030
Dissemination
Responsible Research and Innovation
Food and Nutrition Security
FOOD2030EU
Catalogue on Analysis
Food system transformation
Horizon Europe Programme

description: The objective of this deliverable is to provide good practices, inspiration and food for thought to the City Lab coordinators during the development of their own educational modules. The main result is a cluster of the competences on the needs that the educational modules should ideally respond to. It starts from the competences identified by the Policy framework FOOD 2030, to move to the FIT4FOOD2030 partners understanding of them and includes key competences for a responsible Research and innovation. In addition to that, it catalogues 40 content sources, formats and activities that can be used as stimulation to the City Labs when co-creating the educational modules with diverse groups of stakeholders.
The Liberalization of India's Telecommunications Sector: Implications for Trade and Investment
Creators: name: Greene, William
name: Greene, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: India's telecommunication sector has undergone a spectacular transformation during the last decade emerging from a highly regulated, stat-owned monopoly to a moderately competitive fairly deregulated sector. Today, India possesses the world's fifth largest public sector telecommunications network and Asia's third larges, behind only China and South Korea. India's telecommunications sector continues to grow at a rapid pace and government officials, regardless of party, acknowledge that India needs a modern telecommunications network to sustain high levels of economic growth and create the proper environment for its IT sector to grow and prosper. Given its size and population, India possesses one of the most under penetrated and least developed telecommunications services markets in the world. India's fixed-line service sector has suffered from decades of under investment, the absence of competition, government protection, and monopoly. Much of the country's telecommunications infrastructure is archaic by international standards and the introduction of new technologies has rendered it obsolete. By the late 1980s, recurring fiscal deficits and negative balances of payments encourage the Indian government to initiate an economic reforms ended the government's monopoly over telecommunications services and in the manufacture of telecommunications equipment and opened the sector to private sector participation and foreign investment. Many of the world's leading multinational telecommunications firms have been drawn to India because of its enormous market potential. The opening of the telecommunications sector created one of the fastest growing and hottest markets for equipment and services in the world. Today vendors from the United States and other countries dominate India's $12.3 billion annual equipment market. To meet the ambitious goals set by the government in the National Telecom Policy of 1994 and 1999, India will need to install approximately 250 million telephones by 2010 at a cost of $106 billion. Most of the funds needed for the expansion are expected to come from the United States and other foreign investors.
TSCAPE: a Time Series of Consistent Accounts for Policy Evaluation
Creators: name: Balistreri, Edward J.
name: Fox, Alan K.
name: Balistreri, Edward J.
name: Fox, Alan K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper documents the construction of consistent social accounts that cover the period from 1978 to 2001 for the U.S. economy at a two-digit level of aggregation. There are four primary data sources for the construction of the accounts. First, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) publishes a Gross Domestic Product by Industry (GDPI) series that includes value added by factor and sector (at approximately the two-digit level). The series also includes other useful measures of total intermediate inputs and various double-deflation indices for conversion of current dollar measures into real measures. The second primary data source is the benchmark input-output (BIO) accounts published by the BEA. The input-output accounts allow us to decompose intermediate inputs by two-digit commodity, although they are only available for select years. The third source is the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) customs level data on annual merchandise trade (Trade Policy Information Service of the DOC). The final data source is the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) also published by the BEA. Given the primary mission of analyzing trade policy, the highest weight is given to maintaining the integrity of the merchandise trade data in the final dataset. We also maintain real two-digit value added by factor and sector. The input-output accounts are used to generate targets for intermediate-input shares. When a year lies between two different input-output observations a weighted average is used to generate the target. To the extent possible, respect is given to the NIPA account in maintaining final demand, income, and balance-of-payments levels. In this document we outline the process used to reconcile each of the data sources. The resulting annual balanced social accounting matrix is suitable for structural empirical work at the two-digit level.
Dust Penetrated Arm Classes: Insights from rising and falling rotation curves
Creators: name: Seigar, M. S.
name: Block, D. L.
name: Puerari, I.
name: Chorney, N. E.
name: James, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last decade, near-infrared imaging has highlighted the decoupling of gaseous and old stellar disks: the morphologies of optical (Population I) tracers compared to the old stellar disk morphology, can be radically different. Galaxies which appear multi-armed and even flocculent in the optical may show significant Grand-Design spirals in the near-infrared. Furthermore, the optically determined Hubble classification scheme does not provide a sound way of classifying dust-penetrated stellar disks: spiral arm pitch angles (when measured in the near-infrared) do not correlate with Hubble type. The dust--penetrated classification scheme of Block & Puerari provides an alternative classification based on near-infrared morphology, and which is thus more closely linked to the dominant stellar mass component. Here we present near--infrared K band images of 14 galaxies, on which we have performed a Fourier analysis of the spiral structure in order to determine their near-infrared pitch angles and dust--penetrated arm classes. We have also used the rotation curve data of Mathewson et al. to calculate the rates of shear in the stellar disks of these galaxies. We find a correlation between near-infrared pitch angle and rate of shear: galaxies with wide open arms (the $γ$ class) are found to have rising rotation curves, while those with falling rotation curves belong to the tightly wound $α$ bin. The major determinant of near-infrared spiral arm pitch angle is the distribution of matter within the galaxy concerned. The correlation reported in this study provides the physical basis underpinning spiral arm classes in the dust-penetrated regime and underscores earlier spectroscopic findings by Burstein and Rubin that Hubble type and mass distributions are unrelated.
description: 13 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS. For full paper go to http://webfiles.uci.edu/mseigar/papers/Seigar_DPclass.pdf
Gravitomagnetism and the Speed of Gravity
Creators: name: Kopeikin, Sergei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental discovery of the gravitomagnetic fields generated by translational and/or rotational currents of matter is one of primary goals of modern gravitational physics. The rotational (intrinsic) gravitomagnetic field of the Earth is currently measured by the Gravity Probe B. The present paper makes use of a parametrized post-Newtonian (PN) expansion of the Einstein equations to demonstrate how the extrinsic gravitomagnetic field generated by the translational current of matter can be measured by observing the relativistic time delay caused by a moving gravitational lens. We prove that measuring the extrinsic gravitomagnetic field is equivalent to testing relativistic effect of the aberration of gravity caused by the Lorentz transformation of the gravitational field. We unfold that the recent Jovian deflection experiment is a null-type experiment testing the Lorentz invariance of the gravitational field (aberration of gravity), thus, confirming existence of the extrinsic gravitomagnetic field associated with orbital motion of Jupiter with accuracy 20%. We comment on erroneous interpretations of the Jovian deflection experiment given by a number of researchers who are not familiar with modern VLBI technique and subtleties of JPL ephemeris. We propose to measure the aberration of gravity effect more accurately by observing gravitational deflection of light by the Sun and processing VLBI observations in the geocentric frame with respect to which the Sun is moving with velocity 30 km/s.
description: 16 pages, no figures
Local time of random walks on graphs
Creators: name: Zatloukal, Vaclav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05C81

description: We investigate the local (or occupation) time of a discrete-time random walk on a generic graph, and present a general method for calculating sample-path averages of local time functionals in terms of the resolvent of the transition matrix.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: London, Royal Society Of
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1833

description: Takker for tilsendte bøker
description: På engelsk. Polydoc nr. 1: 2063. Polydoc nr. 2: 1484.
Top Physics Results at CDF
Creators: name: Vickey, Trevor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most recent results on top quark physics at CDF are reported. Measurements of cross-section and mass are presented, and the status of single top quark production searches are discussed. The results obtained from probing various top quark properties are also presented.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the Lake Louise Winter Institute: Fundamental Interactions, 20-26 Feb 2005, Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada