Centris (Melacentris) furcata Fabricius 1804
Creators: name: Vivallo, Felipe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Centris
Centris furcata

description: Centris (Melacentris) furcata (Fabricius, 1804) nom. rev.
(Figures 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 25)
Bombus furcatus Fabricius, 1804: 350.
Diagnosis. Female: Fore elaiospathe with anterior secondary comb formed by five giant, apically curved hairs. Primary pygidial plate relatively rhomboid, with posterior margin of secondary plate not projected backwards (Fig. 10). Male: Clypeus finely areolate with relatively fine and dense punctures laterally, with longitudinal impunctate area on disc. Mediotarsus of hind leg without tuft of plumose hairs ventrally; distitarsus with yellow, dense, plumose hairs forming a comb. Base of hind claw with tuft of branched pubescence, with some simple hairs intermixed (Fig. 16). Mandible strongly curved apically with three teeth (2nd>1st≈3rd): apical tooth with acute apex, second straight and third rounded (Figs. 4, 14). This species is most similar to C. atriventris. Females differ by the width of the mandibular teeth (1st>2nd>4th>3rd in C. furcata, Fig. 3; 1st>3rd>4th>2nd in C. atriventris, Fig. 1), by the coloration of the clypeus (dark brown in C. furcata, Fig. 3; orange brown in C. atriventris, Fig. 1) and by the shape of the secondary basitibial plate (not projected backwards in C. furcata, Fig. 10; projected backwards in C. atriventris, Fig. 9). Males differ mainly by the size of the second and third mandibular teeth (2nd>3rd in C. furcata, Fig. 14; 3rd>2nd in C. atriventris, Fig. 13) and by the absence of a tuft of branched hairs at the base of the hind pretarsal claws (Fig. 16), which is present in C. atriventris (Fig. 15).
Female (Figs. 3, 7, 10, 12). Measurements: Approximate body length: 33.0; head width: 8.3; thorax width: 10.5; forewing length: 19.0; UID: 3.8; LID: 3.9; mandible length: 3.6; mandible basal width: 1.7; F1 length: 2.1; F2 length: 0.4; F3 length: 0.5. Coloration: Integument dark brown except as follows: clypeus, labrum, mandible, and basitibial and pygidial plates reddish brown (Figs. 3, 10). Legs light brown (Fig. 7). Lower paraocular area, scape, pronotum, propodeum, and tegula yellowish brown (Figs. 3, 7). Wing membrane and veins dark brown (Fig. 7) with green/violaceous iridescence. Sculpture: Clypeus finely areolate, more evident towards upper half, with relatively thin and dense punctures towards laterosuperior margin (di<ds). Clypeal disc with fine and sparse punctures (di<ds). Surface near lower edge of clypeus with some coarse and fine punctures intermixed. Labrum with relatively fine, very dense and uniform punctures (di≈ds). T1 with fine and not very dense punctures. T2 and T3 with very fine, dense and uniform punctures, almost reaching distal edge (di≈ds). T4 and T5 with similar punctures to basal terga, but with some coarse punctures intermixed. Pubescence: Frons, vertex and metasoma with dark brown almost black pilosity, the rest of head with brown hairs (Figs. 3, 7). Mesepisternum with light orange hairs with dark orange tips (Fig. 7); light brown and simple hairs ventrally. Propodeum with light brown plumose pubescence. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with intense orange hairs with dark orange tips (Figs. 3, 7). Legs with light brown pilosity, mainly on fore legs (Fig. 7). Labrum with brown branched pubescence, interspersed with simple, downwardly directed hairs (Fig. 3). Terga, except T1, with dense pubescence. T1 with branched hairs mainly at sides. Prepygidial fimbriae with brown plumose pilosity covered by coarse and simple hairs (Fig. 12). Pygidial fimbria with coarse and simple hairs (Fig. 12). Structures: Flabellum elliptical with slightly narrow anterior margin. Mandible strongly curved apically with four teeth (1st>2nd≈4th>3rd) of acute apex, except fourth truncated (Fig. 3). Acetabular carina reaching base of fourth tooth (Fig. 3). Trimal angle well-developed, acute. Maxillary palpus with four palpomeres (2nd>3rd>1st>4th). Clypeus convex with lower half concave (lateral view). Labrum relatively triangular (Fig. 3). Vertex above upper interocular tangent (Fig. 3). Inner orbits of compound eyes relatively parallel (Fig. 3). Mesoscutellum with two not well-developed protuberances. Axilla raised and covered by hairs. Primary pygidial plate with slightly concave apex (straight in some specimens) (Fig. 12); secondary plate well-developed with acute apex (Fig. 12). Pretarsal claws with preapical tooth, except on hind leg. Male (Figs. 4, 8, 14, 16). Description: Measurements: Approximate body length: 28.0; head width: 8.0; thorax width: 10.3; forewing length: 21.0; UID: 2.5; LID: 3.4; mandible length: 3.5; mandible basal width: 1.7; F1 length: 1.8; F2 length: 0.4; F3 length: 0.5. Coloration: Frons, vertex and metasoma dark brown (Figs. 4, 8). Supraclypeal and lower paraocular areas, clypeus and labrum yellow (Fig. 4). Mandible, legs and pygidial plates brown (Figs. 4, 14). Tegula yellowish brown (Fig. 8). Wing membrane and veins dark brown (Fig. 8) with green/violaceous iridescence. Sculpture: Labrum with relatively fine, dense and uniform punctures with well-defined smooth upper area (di≈ds). T1 finely areolate with fine and not very dense punctures. T2 and T3 with very fine, dense and uniform punctures almost reaching distal edge (di≈ds). T4 and T5 with similar punctures to basal terga with some coarser punctures intermixed. T6 with coarse, scattered punctures. Pubescence: Head, pronotum (except lobe), metasoma, tibiae and tarsi of middle and hind legs with dark brown almost black hairs (Figs. 4, 8). Middle trochanter, hind coxa and mesepisternum with yellow pubescence (Fig. 8). Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, area below wings and tegula with light orange hairs with slightly darker tips (Fig. 8). Fore leg (except femur) with brown pilosity (Fig. 8). Femora with yellowish brown hairs (Fig. 8). Propodeum with light brown and yellowish brown pubescence. T1 with dark brown plumose hairs. T2 and T3 with dense, branched pilosity. T4–T6 with plumose dense hairs. Structures: Flabellum elliptical with slightly narrow anterior margin. Acetabular carina reaching base of second tooth (Fig. 14). Trimal angle well-developed, acute (Fig. 14). Maxillary palpus with four palpomeres (2nd≈3rd>4th>1st). Clypeal disc slightly convex (lateral view). Labrum slightly triangular with rounded distal margin (Fig. 14). Vertex above upper interocular tangent (Fig. 4). Inner orbits of compound eyes converging upwards (Fig. 4). Mesoscutellum with two well-developed protuberances. Axilla raised and glabrous. Pygidial plate with bilobed apex. Variation: Female with pubescence on mesoscutum and mesoscutellum slightly yellowish to dark orange. Male’s metasoma with brownish integument.
Type data. Holotype female ZMUC (examined).
Type locality. “America meridionali” [‘Ex. Am. mer Schmidt.’] probably British Guiana (see Moure 1960a and Papavero 1971) (Fig. 22).
Distribution (Fig. 25). * BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Beneficente (Rio Aripuanã), Manaus, Novo Airão, Palmari, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro (Tapuruquara), Seis Lagos, Tabatinga, Uaupes. PA R Á: Óbidos, Santarém, Serra dos Carajás. RONDÔNIA: Pimenta Bueno. * SURINAME: SIPALIWINI: Table Mountain.
Material Examined. BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: 2 males: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Tapuruquara Amazonas Brasil Outubro 1963 P. L. Guindani (DZUP). 1 male: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Tapuruquara Amazonas Brasil Novembro 1962 Pe. Pedro Geroza (DZUP). 1 male: HYMNRJ 000044\ Coleção Campos Seabra \ Tapuruquara Uaupes Amazonas Brasil X-1954 A. Aguirre (MNRJ). 1 male: HYMNRJ 000047\ Coleção Campos Seabra \ Tapuruquara Uaupes Amazonas Brasil X-1954 A. Aguirre (MNRJ). 1 female: Brasil, AM, Novo Airão 05.vii.2008, 54m, 2º38’31”S 60º56’30”W Grossi & Parizotto (DZUP). 1 female: Manaus-AM Brasil VIII 59 C. Elias leg (DZUP). 1 female: HYMNRJ 000041\ Amazonas Manaus 25-XI-57 Elias e Roppa col\ D.Z. 9/959 (MNRJ). 1 female: HYMNRJ 000042\ Coleção Campos Seabra \ Beneficente (Rio Aripuanã) 3-55 Amazon (MNRJ). 1 male: HYMNRJ 000045\ Coleção Campos Seabra \ Tabatinga Amazonas Brasil Novembro 1958 F. M. Oliveira (MNRJ). 1 female: AM-Manaus 5.XII.1980 Renver 22\ Centris (Melanocentris) sp. A ♀ det Snelling’83 (INPA). 1 male: Brasil Amazonas Amoio-KM45 04.IV.1982 A.T.S. Jatahy (INPA). 1 female: M. Seis Lagos/AM Lago Dragão 04/ 10/90 Eq. Neblina (INPA). PA R Á: 1 male: Obidos 1904\ Brazil Estado do Pará (DZUP). 1 female: Óbidos-Pará Brasil I-1962 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 1 male: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil -1955 J. Brazilino Julho (DZUP). 3 females: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Fevereiro 1960 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 1 female: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Dezembro 1955 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 3 females: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Novembro 1956 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 9 females: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Janeiro 1956 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 2 females: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Dezembro 1956 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 6 females: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil I-1958 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 2 females: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Fevereiro 1958 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 1 female: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Dezembro 1957 F. M. Oliveira (DZUP). 1 female: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil VII/ X.1955 (DZUP). 1 female: HYMNRJ 000039\ Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Julio 1959 F. M. Oliveira (MNRJ). 1 female: HYMNRJ 000040\ Coleção Campos Seabra \ Obidos Pará Brasil Fevereiro 1960 F. M. Oliveira (MNRJ). 1 male: HYMNRJ 000043\ S. dos Carajás PA V.1986 O. Roppa (MNRJ). 1 male: HYMNRJ 000046\ S. dos Carajás PA V.86 O. R. (MNRJ). 1 male: HYMNRJ 000090\ Brasil Pará S. dos Carajás v.1986 O. Roppa (MNRJ). 1 female: Santarém Pará Brasil 10 dezembro 1955 M. Silva (DZUP). RONDÔNIA: 6 females: Coleção Campos Seabra \ Pimenta Bueno Rondônia Brasil XI-1960 M. Alvarenga leg (DZUP). 1 female: Pimenta Bueno Rondônia, Brasil XI-1960 M. Alvarenga leg (DZUP). 3 females: Dptº Zool UF-Paraná\ Pimenta Bueno-RO Brasil / III/70 M. Hümmelgen leg (DZUP). SURINAME: SIPALIWINI: 1 female: Suriname Table Mountain 21 Sept.1944 Km 28 line Sefmidt \ 3 (DZUP). WITHOUT INFORMATION: 1 female: 5391 (INPA).
description: Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe, 2016, Taxonomic note on the oil-collecting bee Centris dimidiata (Olivier, 1789) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini), pp. 519-534 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on pages 528-530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/267296