cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release
Creators: name: Clerc, N.
name: Kirkpatrick, C. C.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Capasso, R.
name: Comparat, J.
name: Damsted, S.
name: Furnell, K.
name: Kukkola, A. E.
name: Chitham, J. Ider
name: Merloni, A.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Gueguen, A.
name: Dwelly, T.
name: Collins, C.
name: Saro, A.
name: Erfanianfar, G.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Brownstein, J.
name: Mamon, G. A.
name: Padilla, N.
name: Jullo, E.
name: Bizyaev, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a large spectroscopic programme for X-ray selected galaxy clusters as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We describe the final dataset in the context of SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16): the survey overall characteristics, final targeting strategies, achieved completeness and spectral quality, with special emphasis on its use as a galaxy cluster sample for cosmology applications. SPIDERS now consists of about 27,000 new optical spectra of galaxies selected within 4,000 photometric red sequences, each associated with an X-ray source. The excellent spectrograph efficiency and a robust analysis pipeline yield a spectroscopic redshift measurement success rate exceeding 98%, with a median velocity accuracy of 20 km s$^{-1}$ (at $z=0.2$). Using the catalogue of 2,740 X-ray galaxy clusters confirmed with DR16 spectroscopy, we reveal the three-dimensional map of the galaxy cluster distribution in the observable Universe up to $z\sim0.6$. We highlight the homogeneity of the member galaxy spectra among distinct regions of the galaxy cluster phase space. Aided by accurate spectroscopic redshifts and by a model of the sample selection effects, we compute the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity function and we present its lack of evolution up to $z=0.6$. Finally we discuss the prospects of forthcoming large multiplexed spectroscopic programmes dedicated to follow up the next generation of all-sky X-ray source catalogues.
description: 19 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Methodological Note on the Estimation of Programming Models
Creators: name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Wolff, Hendrik
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Wolff, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agricultural Supply Analysis
subject: Programming Models
subject: Maximum Entropy Estimation
subject: Prior Information

description: The paper introduces a general methodological approach for the estimation of constrained optimisation models in agricultural supply analysis. It is based on optimality conditions of the desired programming model and shows a conceptual advantage compared to Positive Mathematical Programming in the context of well posed estimation problems. Moreover, it closes the empirical and methodological gap between programming models and duality based functional models with explicit allocation of fixed factors. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with a maximum entropy estimator to evaluate the functionality of the approach as well as the impact of empirically relevant prior information in small sample situations.
Partially phase-locked solutions to the Kuramoto model
Creators: name: Bronski, Jared
name: Wang, Lan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Kuramoto model is a canonical model for understanding phase-locking phenomenon. It is well-understood that, in the usual mean-field scaling, full phase-locking is unlikely and that it is partially phase-locked states that are important in applications. Despite this, while there has been much attention given to the existence and stability of fully phase-locked states in the finite N Kuramoto model, the partially phase-locked states have received much less attention. In this paper, we present two related results. Firstly, we derive an analytical criterion that, for sufficiently strong coupling, guarantees the existence of a partially phase-locked state by proving the existence of an attracting ball around a fixed point of a subset of the oscillators. We also derive a larger invariant ball such that any point in it will asymptotically converge to the attracting ball. Secondly, we consider the large N (thermodynamic) limit for the Kuramoto system with randomly distributed frequencies. Using some results of De Smet and Aeyels on partial entrainment, we derive a deterministic condition giving almost sure existence of a partially entrained state for sufficiently strong coupling when the natural frequencies of the individual oscillators are independent identically distributed random variables, as well as upper and lower bounds on the size of the largest cluster of partially entrained oscillators. Interestingly in a series on numerical experiments we find that the observed size of the largest entrained cluster is predicted extremely well by the upper bound.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures
ATNoSFERES revisited
Creators: name: Landau, Samuel
name: Sigaud, Olivier
name: Schoenauer, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ATNoSFERES is a Pittsburgh style Learning Classifier System (LCS) in which the rules are represented as edges of an Augmented Transition Network. Genotypes are strings of tokens of a stack-based language, whose execution builds the labeled graph. The original ATNoSFERES, using a bitstring to represent the language tokens, has been favorably compared in previous work to several Michigan style LCSs architectures in the context of Non Markov problems. Several modifications of ATNoSFERES are proposed here: the most important one conceptually being a representational change: each token is now represented by an integer, hence the genotype is a string of integers; several other modifications of the underlying grammar language are also proposed. The resulting ATNoSFERES-II is validated on several standard animat Non Markov problems, on which it outperforms all previously published results in the LCS literature. The reasons for these improvement are carefully analyzed, and some assumptions are proposed on the underlying mechanisms in order to explain these good results.
Voluntary Agreements and the Environmental Efficiency of Participating Farms
Creators: name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Ordonez, Andrea
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Ordonez, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agri-environmental indicators
subject: Data envelopment analysis
subject: Environmental efficiency
subject: Voluntary agreements
subject: Whole farm plan

description: Voluntary environmental agreements have been popular with government agencies in several countries. However, many questions remain about their efficiency as a regulatory tool. Recent analyses suggest that they are more effective than conventional regulatory or economic approaches when dealing with diffuse pollution and when innovation processes at the source are necessary to define effective regulation. This paper applies an activity-based framework to assess the contribution of such a voluntary agreement to the environmental performance of farms participating in a whole farm plan in the Southern part of Belgium. Using a cross-section of 52 farms, our results show that farms entering into environmental agreements are environmentally more efficient than non-participating farms in terms of the preservation and provision of landscape features. However, their environmental efficiency with regard to the reduction of non-desirable outputs, such as organic nitrogen, is mostly determined by technical efficiency and not by participation in the whole farm plan.
The impact of strong recombination on temperature determination in planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Gomez-Llanos, V.
name: Morisset, C.
name: Garcia-Rojas, J.
name: Jones, D.
name: Wesson, R.
name: Corradi, R. L. M.
name: Boffin, H. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-standing difference in chemical abundances determined from optical recombination lines and collisionally excited lines raises questions about our understanding of atomic physics, as well as the assumptions made when determining physical conditions and chemical abundances in astrophysical nebulae. Here, we study the recombination contribution of [O III] 4363 and the validity of the line ratio [O III] 4363/4959 as a temperature diagnostic in planetary nebulae with a high abundance discrepancy. We derive a fit for the recombination coefficient of [O III] 4363 that takes into account the radiative and dielectronic recombinations, for electron temperatures from 200 to 30,000 K. We estimate the recombination contribution of [O III] 4363 for the planetary nebulae Abell 46 and NGC 6778 by subtracting the collisional contribution from the total observed flux. We find that the spatial distribution for the estimated recombination contribution in [O III] 4363 follows that of the O II 4649 recombination line, both peaking in the central regions of the nebula, especially in the case of Abell 46 which has a much higher abundance discrepancy. The estimated recombination contribution reaches up to 70% and 40% of the total [O III] 4363 observed flux, for Abell 46 and NGC 6778, respectively.
description: Accepted in MNRAS Letters
Water Regulation and Irrigated Agriculture Under the EU Water Framework Directive
Creators: name: Bazzani, Guido Maria
name: Di Pasquale, S.
name: Gallerani, Vittorio
name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Bazzani, Guido Maria
name: Di Pasquale, S.
name: Gallerani, Vittorio
name: Viaggi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Water management for irrigation requires suitable policy tools able to meet social objectives and private behaviour. The legal framework in the EU is today faced with the new water framework directive (60/2000), that sets up new criteria for water management, regulation and pricing. Among other things, the water framework directive introduces the principle of full cost recovery and the polluter pays principle for water users. For many areas of Italy, this may be a significant shift compared to present payment criteria, based on traditional rights, political prices, partial running cost coverage or others. The aim of this paper is to analyse the problem of water regulation in agriculture as applied to irrigation issues. This is made by setting up and testing a simulation model based on the integration of a mathematical decision making model at farm level and a principal agent model at the level of irrigation boards. The model allows to quantify water demand and the optimal regulation from the point of view of the policy maker. The results show major impacts of water availability and prices on farm income. The adoption of a mix of pricing instruments related at the same time to crop rotation, water consumption and pollution can significantly improve water policy efficacy.
Additional file 1 of The distribution of reproductive risk factors disclosed the heterogeneity of receptor-defined breast cancer subtypes among Tanzanian women
Creators: name: Rweyemamu, Linus P.
name: Akan, Gokce
name: Adolf, Ismael C.
name: Magorosa, Erick P.
name: Mosha, Innocent J.
name: Dharsee, Nazima
name: Namkinga, Lucy A.
name: Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
name: Nateri, Abdolrahman S.
name: Atalar, Fatmahan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of associated reproductive factors by BC subtypes (Table S1) and Distribution of BC molecular subtypes among selected African countries (Table S2).
Brownian local minima, random dense countable sets and random equivalence classes
Creators: name: Tsirelson, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A random dense countable set is characterized (in distribution) by independence and stationarity. Two examples are `Brownian local minima' and `unordered infinite sample'. They are identically distributed. A framework for such concepts, proposed here, includes a wide class of random equivalence classes.
description: 40 pages. Supersedes math.PR/0508414 and math.PR/0511011
Atomki anomaly in gauged $U(1)_R$ symmetric model
Creators: name: Seto, Osamu
name: Shimomura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Atomki collaboration has reported that unexpected excesses have been observed in the rare decays of Beryllium nucleus. It is claimed that such excesses can suggest the existence of a new boson, called $X$, with the mass of about $17$ MeV. To solve the Atomki anomaly, we consider a model with gauged $U(1)_R$ symmetry and identify the new gauge boson with the $X$ boson. We also introduce two $SU(2)$ doublet Higgs bosons and one singlet Higgs boson, and discuss a very stringent constraint from neutrino-electron scattering. It is found that the $U(1)_R$ charges of the doublet scalars are determined to evade the constraint. In the end, we find the parameter region in which the Atomki signal and all experimental constraints can be simultaneously satisfied.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Spin-augmented observables for efficient photonic quantum error correction
Creators: name: Callus, Elena
name: Kok, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the spin state of solid-state emitters inside micropillar cavities can serve as measure qubits in syndrome measurements. The photons, acting as data qubits, interact with the spin state in the microcavity and the total state of the system evolves conditionally due to the resulting circular birefringence. By performing a quantum non-demolition measurement on the spin state, the syndrome of the optical state can be obtained. Furthermore, due to the symmetry of the interaction, we can alternatively choose to employ the optical states as measure qubits. This protocol can be adapted to various resource requirements, including spectral discrepancies between the data qubits and codes with modified connectivities, by considering entangled measure qubits. Finally, we show that spin-systems with dissimilar characteristic energies can still be entangled with high levels of fidelity and tolerance to cavity losses in the strong coupling regime.
description: Main text: 6 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental material: 3 pages, 3 figures
Twenty-One Millisecond Pulsars in Terzan 5 Using the Green Bank Telescope
Creators: name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Hessels, Jason W. T.
name: Stairs, Ingrid H.
name: Freire, Paulo C. C.
name: Camilo, Fernando
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Kaplan, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered 21 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the globular cluster Terzan 5 using the Green Bank Telescope, bringing the total of known MSPs in Terzan 5 to 24. These discoveries confirm fundamental predictions of globular cluster and binary system evolution. Thirteen of the new MSPs are in binaries, of which two show eclipses and two have highly eccentric orbits. The relativistic periastron advance for the two eccentric systems indicates that at least one of these pulsars has a mass >1.68 Msun at 95% confidence. Such large neutron star masses constrain the equation of state of matter at or beyond the nuclear equilibrium density.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Accepted by Science. Published electronically via Science Express 13 Jan 2005
Price Discrimination and EU Dairy Policy: An Economic Evaluation of Policy Options
Creators: name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Requillart, Vincent
name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Requillart, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: EU
subject: price discrimination
subject: pooling
subject: dairy policy

description: In a period of market liberalization and multilateral trade negotiations, price discrimination for commodities with distinct markets provides additional policy options to support farm income. While both the USA and Canada have implemented price discrimination policies in their domestic dairy sector, so far the European Union (EU) has not. This paper evaluates the options of developing a price discrimination policy in the EU dairy sector. The analysis is based on an interregional model of the EU dairy sector, involving milk production, dairy processing, and consumption of ten dairy commodities in nine regions. The paper shows that a price discrimination policy that increases prices for commodities with more inelastic demand (fluid milk, soft dairy products) would generate income that can be redistributed to dairy farmers. The results suggest that, while such a price discrimination policy can be a WTO compatible way to support dairy farm income, the efficiency of the associated income transfers declines in the presence of significant supply response.
A Matter of Opinion: Sentiment Analysis and Business Intelligence (position paper)
Creators: name: Lee, Lillian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: A general-audience introduction to the area of "sentiment analysis", the computational treatment of subjective, opinion-oriented language (an example application is determining whether a review is "thumbs up" or "thumbs down"). Some challenges, applications to business-intelligence tasks, and potential future directions are described.
description: 2 pages
Additional file 1 of Establishment of a novel diagnostic test algorithm for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection with line immunoassay replacement of western blotting: a collaborative study for performance evaluation of diagnostic assays in Japan
Creators: name: Kazu Okuma
name: Kuramitsu, Madoka
name: Niwa, Toshihiro
name: Tomokuni Taniguchi
name: Masaki, Yumiko
name: Gohzoh Ueda
name: Matsumoto, Chieko
name: Sobata, Rieko
name: Sagara, Yasuko
name: Nakamura, Hitomi
name: Satake, Masahiro
name: Miura, Kiyonori
name: Fuchi, Naoki
name: Masuzaki, Hideaki
name: Okayama, Akihiko
name: Umeki, Kazumi
name: Yamano, Yoshihisa
name: Sato, Tomoo
name: Iwanaga, Masako
name: Uchimaru, Kaoru
name: Nakashima, Makoto
name: Atae Utsunomiya
name: Kubota, Ryuji
name: Ishitsuka, Kenji
name: Hasegawa, Hiroo
name: Sasaki, Daisuke
name: Ki-Ryang Koh
name: Taki, Mai
name: Kisato Nosaka
name: Ogata, Masao
name: Naruse, Isao
name: Kaneko, Noriaki
name: Okajima, Sara
name: Tezuka, Kenta
name: Ikebe, Emi
name: Sahoko Matsuoka
name: Itabashi, Kazuo
name: Saito, Shigeru
name: Watanabe, Toshiki
name: Hamaguchi, Isao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Performance evaluation of HTLV-1 diagnostic serological assay kits available in Japan on WB-indeterminate samples.
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics coupled with Radiation Transfer
Creators: name: Susa, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have been constructed a brand-new radiation hydrodynamics solver based upon Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), which works on parallel computer system. The code is designed to investigate the formation and evolution of the first generation objects at $z \gtrsim 10$, where the radiative feedback from various sources play important roles. The code can compute the fraction of chemical species e, H$^+$, H, H$^-$, H$_2$, and H$_2^+$ by fully implicit time integration. It also can deal with multiple sources of ionizing radiation, as well as the radiation at Lyman-Werner band. We compare the results for a few test calculations with the results of one dimensional simulations, in which we find good agreements with each other. We also evaluate the speedup by parallelization, that is found to be almost ideal, as far as the number of sources is comparable to the number of processors.
description: 19pages, 10figures, PASJ accepted
No driver, No Regulation? --Online Legal Driving Behavior Monitoring for Self-driving Vehicles
Creators: name: Yu, Wenhao
name: Zhao, Chengxiang
name: Liu, Jiaxin
name: Yang, Yingkai
name: Ma, Xiaohan
name: Li, Jun
name: Wang, Weida
name: Wang, Hong
name: Zhao, Ding
name: Hu, Xiaosong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Defined traffic laws must be respected by all vehicles. However, it is essential to know which behaviors violate the current laws, especially when a responsibility issue is involved in an accident. This brings challenges of digitizing human-driver-oriented traffic laws and monitoring vehicles' behaviors continuously. To address these challenges, this paper aims to digitize traffic law comprehensively and provide an application for online monitoring of legal driving behavior for autonomous vehicles. This paper introduces a layered trigger domain-based traffic law digitization architecture with digitization-classified discussions and detailed atomic propositions for online monitoring. The principal laws on a highway and at an intersection are taken as examples, and the corresponding logic and atomic propositions are introduced in detail. Finally, the digitized traffic laws are verified on the Chinese highway and intersection datasets, and defined thresholds are further discussed according to the driving behaviors in the considered dataset. This study can help manufacturers and the government in defining specifications and laws and can also be used as a useful reference in traffic laws compliance decision-making. Source code is available on https://github.com/SOTIF-AVLab/DOTL.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Exact Transformation for Spin-Charge Separation of Spin-half Fermions without Constraints
Creators: name: Ostlund, Stellan
name: Granath, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an exact local transformation which maps a purely Fermionic manybody system to a system of spinfull Bosons and spinless Fermions, demonstrating a possible path to a non-Fermi liquid state. We apply this to the half-filled Hubbard model and show how the transformation maps the ordinary spin half Fermionic degrees of freedom exactly and without introducing Hilbert space constraints to a charge-like ``quasicharge'' fermion and a spin-like ``quasispin'' Boson while preserving all the symmetries of the model. We present approximate solutions with localized charge which emerge naturally from the Hubbard model in this form. Our results strongly suggest that charge tends to remain localized for large values of the Hubbard U.
Investigating charge carrier scattering processes in anisotropic semiconductors through first-principles calculations: The case of p-type SnSe
Creators: name: Chaves, Anderson S.
name: González-Romero, Robert Luis
name: Meléndez, Juan J.
name: Antonelli, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient ab initio computational methods for the calculation of thermoelectric transport properties of materials are of great avail for energy harvesting technologies. The BoltzTraP code has been largely used to efficiently calculate thermoelectric coefficients. However, its current version that is publicly available is based only on the constant relaxation time (RT) approximation, which usually does not hold for real materials. Here, we extended the implementation of the BoltzTraP code by incorporating realistic k-dependent RT models of the temperature dependence of the main scattering processes, namely, screened polar and nonpolar scattering by optical phonons, scattering by acoustic phonons, and scattering by ionized impurities with screening. Our RT models are based on a smooth Fourier interpolation of Kohn-Sham eigenvalues and its derivatives, taking into account non-parabolicity (beyond the parabolic or Kane models), degeneracy and multiplicity of the energy bands on the same footing, within very low computational cost. In order to test our methodology, we calculated the anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties of low temperature phase (Pnma) of intrinsic p-type and hole-doped tin selenide (SnSe). Our results are in quantitative agreement with experimental data, regarding the evolution of the anisotropic thermoelectric coefficients with both temperature and chemical potential. Hence, from this picture, we also obtained the evolution and understanding of the main scattering processes of the overall thermoelectric transport in p-type SnSe.
Additional file 1 of Negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses can be buffered by a sense of humor and appreciation
Creators: name: Bartzik, Marek
name: Aust, Fabienne
name: Peifer, Corinna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Self-constructed scales and items. Table S2: Pearson correlations between sense of humor and psychological states before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Table S3: Intercorrelations before the COVID-19 pandemic. Table S4: Intercorrelations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Table S5: Buffering effects of sense of humor and appreciation using difference scores including sample sizes.
FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators on complex networks mimic epileptic-seizure-related synchronization phenomena
Creators: name: Gerster, M.
name: Berner, R.
name: Sawicki, J.
name: Zakharova, A.
name: Škoch, A.
name: Hlinka, J.
name: Lehnertz, K.
name: Schöll, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study patterns of partial synchronization in a network of FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators with empirical structural connectivity measured in human subjects. We report the spontaneous occurrence of synchronization phenomena that closely resemble the ones seen during epileptic seizures in humans. In order to obtain deeper insights into the interplay between dynamics and network topology, we perform long-term simulations of oscillatory dynamics on different paradigmatic network structures: random networks, regular nonlocally coupled ring networks, ring networks with fractal connectivities, and small-world networks with various rewiring probability. Among these networks, a small-world network with intermediate rewiring probability best mimics the findings achieved with the simulations using the empirical structural connectivity. For the other network topologies, either no spontaneously occurring epileptic-seizure-related synchronization phenomena can be observed in the simulated dynamics, or the overall degree of synchronization remains high throughout the simulation. This indicates that a topology with some balance between regularity and randomness favors the self-initiation and self-termination of episodes of seizure-like strong synchronization.
Canary Island Tomato Exports: A Structural Analysis of Seasonality
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Gloria Martin
name: Hernandez, Jose Juan Caceres
name: Rodriguez, Gloria Martin
name: Hernandez, Jose Juan Caceres
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Canary tomato exports
subject: weekly data
subject: seasonality
subject: structural models
subject: splines

description: The European tomato market is characterised by a constant process of dynamic adjustment toward the equilibrium. Furthermore, Canary tomato exports cause a high seasonal impact on market prices in the winter period. In these circumstances, an adequate distribution of shipments throughout the campaign could contribute to maximize producers' profits. The goal of this paper is to analyse the seasonal pattern of Canary tomato exports to Europe throughout the first fourteen campaigns following Spanish integration into the European Union. These export levels show some degree of instability, clearly related to the changes in the European Union trade rules, and there is a long period, the summer, without exports. Moreover, we have opted by using weekly data. These factors should be taken into account in order to accurately capture the performance of exports and, specifically, the nature of their seasonal behaviour. Thus, this analysis is carried out inside the frame delimited by the structural approach to time series and the usefulness of spline functions as an alternative to standard seasonal variation models is shown.
Backdoor Mitigation in Deep Neural Networks via Strategic Retraining
Creators: name: Dhonthi, Akshay
name: Hahn, Ernst Moritz
name: Hashemi, Vahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are becoming increasingly more important in assisted and automated driving. Using such entities which are obtained using machine learning is inevitable: tasks such as recognizing traffic signs cannot be developed reasonably using traditional software development methods. DNN however do have the problem that they are mostly black boxes and therefore hard to understand and debug. One particular problem is that they are prone to hidden backdoors. This means that the DNN misclassifies its input, because it considers properties that should not be decisive for the output. Backdoors may either be introduced by malicious attackers or by inappropriate training. In any case, detecting and removing them is important in the automotive area, as they might lead to safety violations with potentially severe consequences. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to remove backdoors. Our method works for both intentional as well as unintentional backdoors. We also do not require prior knowledge about the shape or distribution of backdoors. Experimental evidence shows that our method performs well on several medium-sized examples.
description: 13 Pages, 7 Tables, 4 Figures. Accepted at the International Symposium of Formal Methods 2023 (FM 2023)
Climate Change and the Economics of Farm Management in the Face of Land Degradation: Dryland Salinity in Western Australia
Creators: name: John, Michele
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Kingwell, Ross S.
name: John, Michele
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Kingwell, Ross S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: dryland salinity
subject: climate change
subject: low rainfall agriculture
subject: land degradation
subject: whole farm bioeconomic modelling

description: Early climate change research has projected declining rainfall patterns and increased periods of drought across southern Western Australia. These changes are likely to have very significant impacts on low rainfall agricultural regions already struggling with the economic demands of dryland salinity management. Potential negative impacts of climate change may include declining farm crop and pasture production, resulting in lower yields, greater yield variability, declining areas of cropping production as well as significant reductions in both farm profitability and the adoption of new practices needed to both adapt to and manage climate change and/or dryland salinisation. This analysis examines the potential impacts of climate change on a low rainfall region in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia, including climate change impacts on farm profit and salinity management options.
description: Paper removed at request of authors 08/03/07.
Using Field Experiments to Explore the Use of Multiple Bidding Rounds in Conservation Auctions
Creators: name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Conservation auctions such as the Conservation Reserve Program in the United States and the BushTender Program in Australia have been used to identify landholders who can provide on-farm conservation and biodiversity protection actions at lowest cost. These conservation auctions are typically framed as closed, discriminatory, single round, first-price auctions, and are based on the assumption that landholders will offer bids determined by their 'independent private values'. However bid values may also be influenced by other factors such as concerns about 'winner's curse', a desire to capture economic rent, and premiums for risk and uncertainty factors. Sealed, single round auctions may exacerbate information gaps and uncertainty factors because of the limited information flows compared to traditional market exchanges and open, ascending auctions. In this paper, the cost-efficiencies of a multiple round auction for landholder management actions are explored with the use of field experiments. Results suggest that multiple round auctions may be associated with efficiency gains, particularly in initial rounds. However, multiple round auctions can also involve higher transaction and administration costs, so the net advantages need to be assessed on a case by case basis before these are used to purchase environmental services.
Dually-charged mesoatom on the space of constant negative curvature
Creators: name: Ivashchuk, V. D.
name: Melnikov, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete spectrum solutions corresponding to dually-charged mesoatom on the space of constant negative curvature are obtained. The discrete spectrum of energies is finite and vanishes, when the magnetic charge of the nucleus exceeds the critical value.
description: 15 pages, LaTex
Superconductivity by alloying the topological insulator SnBi2Te4
Creators: name: McGuire, Michael A.
name: Zhang, Heda
name: May, Andrew F.
name: Okamoto, Satoshi
name: Moore, Robert G.
name: Wang, Xiaoping
name: Girod, Clément
name: Thomas, Sean M.
name: Ronning, Filip
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alloying indium into the topological insulator Sn1-xInxBi2Te4 induces bulk superconductivity with critical temperatures Tc up to 1.85 K and upper critical fields up to about 14 kOe. This is confirmed by electrical resistivity, heat capacity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The heat capacity shows a discontinuity at Tc and temperature dependence below Tc consistent with weak coupling BCS theory, and suggests a superconducting gap near 0.25 meV. The superconductivity is type-II and the topological surface states have been verified by photoemission. A simple picture suggests analogies with the isostructural magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4, in which a natural heterostructure hosts complementary properties on different sublattices, and motivates new interest in this large family of compounds. The existence of both topological surface states and superconductivity in Sn1-xInxBi2Te4 identifies these materials as promising candidates for the study of topological superconductivity.
MEASURING THE IMPACTS OF PRIME-AGE ADULT DEATH ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN KENYA
Creators: name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: McNeil, Melody Rebekah
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: McNeil, Melody Rebekah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Using a two-year panel of 1,422 Kenyan households surveyed in 1997 and 2000, we measure how working-age adult mortality affects rural households= size and composition, crop production, asset levels, and off-farm income. First, the paper uses adult mortality rates from available data on an HIV-negative sample to predict the proportion of deaths observed between 1997 and 2000 due to AIDS. Next, using a difference-in-differences estimation, we measure changes in outcomes between households afflicted by adult mortality vs. those not afflicted over the three-year survey period. The effects of adult mortality are highly sensitive to the gender and position of the deceased family member in the household. Households suffering the death of the head-of-household or spouse incurred a greater-than-one person loss in household size. The death of a male head-of-household between 16 and 59 years is associated with a 68% reduction in the net value of the household=s crop production. Female head-of-household or spouse mortality causes a greater decline in cereal area cultivated, while cash crops such as coffee, tea, and sugar are most adversely affected in households incurring the death of a male head-of-household. Off-farm income is also significantly affected by the death of the male head-of-household, but not in the case of other adult members. The death of other working-age family members is partially offset by an inflow of other individuals into the family and has less dramatic effects on the households= agricultural production, assets, and off-farm income. The effects of adult mortality are also sensitive to the household=s initial asset levels. Lastly, there is little indication that households are able to recover quickly from the effects of working-age head-of-household adult mortality; the effects on crop and non-farm incomes do not decay at least over the three-year survey interval.
Impact of a new Cherenkov light parameterisation on the reconstruction of shower profiles from Auger hybrid data
Creators: name: Nerling, F.
name: Bluemer, J.
name: Engel, R.
name: Unger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light signal measured by fluorescence telescopes receives - strongly depending on the shower geometry with respect to the detector - a non-negligible contribution from additionally produced Cherenkov light. This Cherenkov contribution has to be accounted for to determine primary parameters properly. In comparison to the previous ansatz used by other experiments, the impact of a new analytical description of Cherenkov light production in EAS on the Auger event reconstruction is investigated.
description: Poster to be presented at the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Pune, India, 3-10 August 2005, 4 pages, 5 figures
Radial velocity measurements of B stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association
Creators: name: Jilinski, E.
name: Daflon, S.
name: Cunha, K.
name: de la Reza, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive single-epoch radial velocities for a sample of 56 B-type stars members of the subgroups Upper Scorpius, Upper Centaurus Lupus and Lower Centaurus Crux of the nearby Sco-Cen OB association. The radial velocity measurements were obtained by means of high-resolution echelle spectra via analysis of individual lines. The internal accuracy obtained in the measurements is estimated to be typically 2-3 km/s, but depends on the projected rotational velocity of the target. Radial velocity measurements taken for 2-3 epochs for the targets HD120307, HD142990 and HD139365 are variable and confirm that they are spectroscopic binaries, as previously identified in the literature. Spectral lines from two stellar components are resolved in the observed spectra of target stars HD133242, HD133955 and HD143018, identifying them as spectroscopic binaries.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
HUMAN CAPITAL AND LABOR FLOWS OUT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: EVIDENCE FROM SLOVENIA
Creators: name: Bojnec, Stefan
name: Dries, Liesbeth
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Bojnec, Stefan
name: Dries, Liesbeth
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Slovenia
subject: Human capital
subject: Labor adjustment

description: This paper analyses of determinants of agricultural labor flows and the role of human capital in this process on the basis of the Slovenian Labor Force Surveys for the years 1993 to 1999. The household heads living in larger households, having a larger farm size, and working full-time (more hours per week) in permanent jobs are more likely to stay in agricultural employment. The empirical evidence clearly suggests that human capital plays a crucial role for labor mobility and labor adjustment. Young, female and educated individuals are more likely to enter into employment in non-agricultural, particularly service activities. There are remarkable circular flows of elderly and less educated persons between being employed in agriculture, unemployment and retirement pools. Small-scale and part-time farming provide temporary employment opportunities. Investments in human capital to improve quality of labor in agriculture and to increase mobility and flexibility of labor are the key issues in synergy reducing labor mismatch and improving efficiency in labor flow adjustment.
A HEDONIC MODEL OF RICE TRAITS: ECONOMIC VALUES FROM FARMERS IN WEST AFRICA
Creators: name: Dalton, Timothy J.
name: Dalton, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: hedonic
subject: upland rice
subject: West Africa
subject: household modelling

description: New crop varieties often have been promoted in developing countries based upon superior yield vis-a-vis locally available varieties. This research presents a hedonic model for upland rice by drawing upon the input characteristics and consumer good characteristics model literature. Model specification tests determine that a combination of production and consumption characteristics best explains the willingness to pay for new upland rice varieties. This non-separable household model specification determined that four traits explain the willingness to pay for new rice varieties: plant cycle length, plant height, grain elongation/swelling and tenderness. Yield was not significant explanatory variable for the willingness to pay for seed. The implications of this model are two-fold. First, varietal development and promotion must include post-harvest characteristics in addition to production traits when determining which varieties to promote for official release. Secondly, non-yield production characteristics such as plant height and cycle length are significant factors in producers' assessments of the value of a new variety. Overall, this paper provides an alternative explanation for limited adoption of modern upland rice varieties in West Africa: varietal evaluation programs have focused too narrowly on yield evaluation and have not promoted varieties with superior non-yield characteristics than locally available varieties.
COPPER CRISIS AND AGRICULTURAL RENAISSANCE IN ZAMBIA: AN ECONOMY-WIDE ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Lofgren, Hans
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thurlow, James
name: Lofgren, Hans
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thurlow, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Zambia
subject: copper
subject: structural adjustment
subject: agriculture
subject: general equilibrium

description: Zambia's strong dependence on copper exports has suppressed other tradables sectors, indicative of a Dutch disease phenomenon. The current copper crisis will have strong economic effects, possibly reversing such Dutch disease effects. We use a computable general equilibrium model built around a 1995 social accounting matrix to simulate the short- and long-run effects of two scenarios that reflect the current crisis, a 20 percent reduction in world copper prices and a complete collapse of copper mining. Compared to the short run, the long run is characterized by more flexibility in production technology and capital allocation. Both scenarios require a significant reduction in the "non-copper" trade deficit, absorption, and household consumption. The strongest effects occur under the short-run mining-collapse scenario where household consumption falls by 13 percent and the real exchange rate depreciates by 42 percent. In the long run, these effects are approximately half as strong. The short- and long-run impacts of a 20 percent fall in world copper prices include a cut in household consumption by 4-5 percent and real depreciation by 7-10 percent. For all scenarios, the welfare losses for rural households are below the national average. Given that per-capita consumption is lower in rural areas, inequality falls. This distributional outcome is driven by the fact that the agro-food-fiber complex, which produces outputs that are relatively tradable, expands relative to the rest of the economy in terms of value-added, employment, and exports, suggesting that the copper crisis may induce an agricultural renaissance.