cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From “Additive” to “Integrative”: Experiences of Faculty Teaching Developmental Integrated Reading and Writing Courses
Creators: name: Bickerstaff, Susan E.
name: Raufman, Julia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Community colleges
Community colleges--Curricula
Community colleges--Faculty
Literacy
Developmental reading--Study and teaching (Higher)
Academic writing--Study and teaching (Higher)

description: This paper documents the perceptions and experiences of faculty members in the midst of statewide reform efforts in Virginia and North Carolina to integrate developmental reading and writing courses. Using interview and focus group data from 161 faculty and administrators in both states (combined) as well as three detailed case studies of faculty teaching newly integrated courses, the authors describe how departments and faculty approached the task of course integration. While instructors had a generally positive impression of integrating the two disciplines, implementing these new courses was not without challenges. A common approach to course design, which the authors term “additive,” involved combining assignments and activities from the old standalone courses. They identify a range of factors associated with using the additive approach, including conceptions of literacy learning focused on the mastery of discrete skills, professional development aimed at exchanging activities and materials between reading and writing instructors, and lack of a clear framework for an integrated course design. Instructors using the additive approach reported that they could not cover all of the content/activities from the previous courses under the accelerated course structure, and worried they that they were not able to provide students the literacy skills they needed to be successful in college. Yet some faculty used or began to adopt an “integrative” approach to course design, in which few standalone components of the previously offered courses remained. Integrative course design tended to emphasize metacognition, extensive text-based writing, and embedded skills and strategy instruction, often offered in a “just-in-time” fashion. Faculty perceived that these more integrative course elements were associated with improved literacy learning. The findings presented have implications for creating support resources and professional development for departments and faculty who are new to teaching integrated reading and writing courses. The paper includes several curricular examples that can be adapted and used by faculty teaching integrated developmental courses.
Magnetic Fields at First Order Phase Transition: A Threat to Electroweak Baryogenesis
Creators: name: De Simone, Andrea
name: Nardini, Germano
name: Quiros, Mariano
name: Riotto, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of the observed baryon asymmetry may have taken place during the electroweak phase transition, thus involving physics testable at LHC, a scenario dubbed electroweak baryogenesis. In this paper we point out that the magnetic field which is produced in the bubbles of a first order phase transition endangers the baryon asymmetry produced in the bubble walls. The reason being that the produced magnetic field couples to the sphaleron magnetic moment and lowers the sphaleron energy; this strengthens the sphaleron transitions inside the bubbles and triggers a more effective wash out of the baryon asymmetry. We apply this scenario to the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) where, in the absence of a magnetic field, successful electroweak baryogenesis requires the lightest CP-even Higgs and the right-handed stop masses to be lighter than about 127 GeV and 120 GeV, respectively. We show that even for moderate values of the magnetic field, the Higgs mass required to preserve the baryon asymmetry is below the present experimental bound. As a consequence electroweak baryogenesis within the MSSM should be confronted on the one hand to future measurements at the LHC on the Higgs and the right-handed stop masses, and on the other hand to more precise calculations of the magnetic field produced at the electroweak phase transition.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. Minor corrections and references added to match published version
Employer Perceptions of Associate Degrees in Local Labor Markets: A Case Study of the Employment of Information Technology Technicians in Detroit and Seattle
Creators: name: Van Noy, Michelle
name: Jacobs, James
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Labor economics

description: While promoting postsecondary credential completion is a national priority intended to help graduates secure good jobs, the value of credentials in the labor market from the perspective of employers is not well understood. Specifically, more attention is needed to understand how credentials align with employer needs. Through in-depth interviews with managers responsible for hiring information technology technicians, we examined their perceptions of associate and bachelor's degree holders in two contrasting labor markets: Detroit and Seattle. The study led to several key findings. First, across the two labor markets, employers expected some common qualities in both associate and bachelor‘s degree holders, including technical skills and knowledge, thinking skills, communication skills, and discipline. Second, while they expected some positive qualities in associate degree holders that were distinctive to this credential, many hiring managers also expected negative characteristics, such as a lack of academic ability, initiative, or skill. However, while both associate and bachelor's degrees provided relevant information about potential workers, employers did not expect the credentials to provide information about certain key qualities they sought in workers, including competency in customer service and teamwork, and personal interest in technology. Some of the qualities that employers expected in associate degree holders were linked to their local labor markets and their perceptions of the local community colleges. This study provides suggestions on how an understanding of the specific qualities employers expect in credential holders and of the role of the local labor market can help colleges better engage with employers and fine-tune their programs to more effectively meet students' and employer's needs.
Type III Dyson Sphere of Highly Advanced Civilizations around a Super Massive Black Hole
Creators: name: Inoue, Makoto
name: Yokoo, Hiromitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new system for a society of highly advanced civilizations around a super massive black hole (SMBH), as an advanced Type III "Dyson Sphere", pointing out an efficient usage of energy for the advanced civilizations. SMBH also works as a sink for waste materials. Here we assume that Type III civilisations of Kardashev classification [1] form a galactic club [2] in a galaxy, and the energy from the SMBH will be delivered to the club members, forming an energy control system similar to power grids in our present society. The energy is probably transmitted by a sharp beam with coherent electro-magnetic waves, which provide a new concept for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) via detection of such energy transmission signals. This expands the search window for other intelligences within the Universe.
description: 4 pages, 1 color page
Do High-Stakes Placement Exams Predict College Success?
Creators: name: Scott-Clayton, Judith E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Educational tests and measurements

description: Community colleges are typically assumed to be nonselective, open-access institutions. Yet access to college-level courses at such institutions is far from guaranteed: the vast majority of two-year institutions administer high-stakes exams to entering students that determine their placement into either college-level or remedial education. Despite the stakes involved, there has been relatively little research investigating whether such exams are valid for their intended purpose, or whether other measures of preparedness might be equally or even more effective. This paper contributes to the literature by analyzing the predictive validity of one of the most commonly used assessments, using data on over 42,000 first-time entrants to a large, urban community college system. Using both traditional correlation coefficients as well as more useful decision-theoretic measures of placement accuracy and error rates, I find that placement exams are more predictive of success in math than in English, and more predictive of who is likely to do well in college-level coursework than of who is likely to fail. Utilizing multiple measures to make placement decisions could reduce severe misplacements by about 15 percent without changing the remediation rate, or could reduce the remediation rate by 8 to 12 percentage points while maintaining or increasing success rates in college-level courses. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Modelling In-plane Shear in Partially Reinforced Concrete Masonry
Creators: name: Pan, Huina
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Finite Element
subject: diagonal strut
subject: partially grouted masonry
subject: Engineering--Civil

description: Diagonal cracking is the most commonly reported mode of failure for masonry walls subject to in-plane shear loads. Finite element studies were therefore carried out to seek better understanding of this failure mode by attempting to capture the diagonal shear cracks in unreinforced concrete masonry and partially grouted/reinforced concrete masonry. Some key parameters (such as boundary and loading conditions, axial stress, and wall aspect ratio) were examined in the research. Interaction between axial stress and aspect ratio has been noticed. Diagonal compression “strut” was identified from contour plots of principal compressive stress, and therefore two distinct “strut” widths were proposed to account for strength and stiffness of the wall separately. Last but not least, effect of relative panel-to-“frame” stiffness ratio (represented by effective panel-to-frame modulus ratio in this study) has been observed through modelling in partially grouted/reinforced walls. This is rather an important step toward understanding the failure patterns of partially grouted masonry since this factor has not received much attention in the literature.
LESLIE LARS IVERSEN - Bibliography from GEORGE ALAN GARTON. 4 June 1922 — 13 May 2010
Creators: name: Wahle, Klaus W. J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry

description: Alan Garton and his group at The Rowett Research Institute in Aberdeen made very significant and unique contributions to the understanding of differences in digestion, absorption and metabolism of dietary lipids (fats) and their importance to health in mammalian species, particularly farm animals, but also various aspects of lipid metabolism and health in humans. The group were the first to use commercially available gas chromatography and first, this side of the Atlantic, to employ thin-layer chromatography for lipid analyses. A special adaptation of radio-gas chromatography, developed in-house, also led to the definitive evidence that radio-labelled methylmalonyl-CoA, derived from propionic acid, particularly from grain-fed sheep, can be utilized for fatty acid synthesis. Alan always highlighted the relevance of the group's lipid research to human health and wellbeing, as seen by the role of branched-chain fatty acids in Refsum's disease and the later development of studies of the role of saturated and essential omega-3, -6 and -9 fatty acids, including conjugated linoleic acids and trans fatty acids, in human health and disease by the group.
Canadian philanthropy and higher education : funding shifts, organizational restructuring and the repositioning of academic culture in university museums
Creators: name: Scott Tomita, Suzanne Pauline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The study analyses the changes to higher education funding, organizational structure and academic culture at two academic boundary organizations, the University of British Columbia’s Museum of Anthropology (MOA) and Beaty Biodiversity Museum (BBM). The study is framed by a blended theoretical construct that includes academic capitalism theory, theories of academic culture, and theories of critical museology as a conceptual framework. Drawing from these theoretical concepts, the qualitative sources of interview data, and quantitative documents, the study provides a missing element in the existing theory on academic capitalism and suggests a refinement in the existing literature on higher education research, in particular how to account for the increasingly important influences of academic fundraising as it plays out in two academic museums as examples of boundary organizations. The MOA and BBM are the two study sites for the doctoral research as a result of their successful receipt in January 2002 of a research infrastructure grant from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) which stipulates a matching grant of 40% of the funding to come from the province, and the remaining 20% from industry support and community donors. This emphasis on a new funding mix to include industry partnerships and input from the academic fundraising mechanism has influenced the organizational structure and culture of these two academic boundary organizations. The major findings indicate changes to the organizational structure of both units to include management teams, advisory boards, as well as an emphasis on entrepreneurial and marketing experience in the skill set of academics. The repositioning of academic culture indicates that these boundary organizations have shifted their introspective research towards a public outreach experience and recognize that with a competitive funding environment comes the need for academic units to be innovative and territorial.
A study of deuterated water in the low-mass protostar IRAS16293-2422
Creators: name: Coutens, Audrey
name: Vastel, Charlotte
name: Caux, Emmanuel
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Bottinelli, Sandrine
name: Wiesenfeld, Laurent
name: Faure, Alexandre
name: Scribano, Yohann
name: Kahane, Claudine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HDO/H2O ratio is a powerful diagnostic to understand the evolution of water from the first stages of star formation to the formation of planets and comets. Our aim is to determine precisely the abundance distribution of HDO towards the low-mass protostar IRAS16293-2422 and learn more about the water formation mechanisms by determining the HDO/H2O abundance ratio. A spectral survey of the source IRAS16293-2422 was carried out in the framework of the CHESS Herschel Key program with the HIFI instrument, allowing the detection of numerous HDO lines. Other transitions have been observed previously with ground-based telescopes. The spherical Monte Carlo radiative transfer code RATRAN was used to reproduce the observed line profiles of HDO by assuming an abundance jump. To determine the H2O abundance throughout the envelope, a similar study was made of the H2-18O observed lines, as the H2O main isotope lines are contaminated by the outflows. We derive an inner HDO abundance of 1.7e-7 and an outer HDO abundance of 8e-11. To reproduce the HDO absorption lines, it is necessary to add an absorbing layer in front of the envelope. It may correspond to a water-rich layer created by the photodesorption of the ices at the edges of the molecular cloud. The HDO/H2O ratio is ~1.4-5.8% in the hot corino whereas it is ~0.2-2.2% in the outer envelope. It is estimated at ~4.8% in the added absorbing layer. Although it is clearly higher than the cosmic D/H abundance, the HDO/H2O ratio remains lower than the D/H ratio derived for other deuterated molecules observed in the same source. The similarity of the ratios derived in the hot corino and in the added absorbing layer suggests that water formed before the gravitational collapse of the protostar, contrary to formaldehyde and methanol, which formed later once the CO molecules had depleted on the grains.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Do Support Services at Community Colleges Encourage Success or Reproduce Disadvantage?
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
name: O'Gara, Lauren
name: Hughes, Katherine Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This study examines the ways that student support services in community colleges inadvertently perpetuate and legitimate disadvantage. Using interview data from students at two colleges in the northeast, we find that although support services are open to all students, only those who come to the college with pre-existing social and cultural resources can take advantage of them. However, because they are presented as open-access, students not able to make use of support services interpret their failure to progress toward a degree as personal, rather than structural.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor Growth and Leukocyte Infiltration in Brain Tumors after Stimulation of the Innate Immune System
Creators: name: Yang, Run Ze
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
subject: Cancer
subject: Neuroimmunology
subject: Neuroscience

description: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest brain cancers, and immunotherapy may be a promising treatment option. One of the challenges with immunotherapy in GBM is the lack of biomarkers that can be used to detect treatment response early on during treatment. The goal of this thesis is to use MRI to determine whether vitamin B3 (niacin) can suppress GBM growth, and develop a MRI method capable of detecting whether niacin stimulates monocyte trafficking to the brain tumor. We used human and animal derived brain tumor initiating cells for the studies. We used conventional anatomical MRI to show that niacin is capable of reducing tumor growth in the mouse. We showed that innate immune cells can be labeled by ferumoxytol, an iron based MRI contrast agent. This can be used to detect the effects of the innate immune stimulating drugs (Amphotericin B and niacin) in a mouse model of GBM. This is done by intravenously injecting ferumoxytol, and then quantifying iron changes in the tumor with susceptibility MRI. We expanded upon our results to investigate the mechanism of the iron changes after ferumoxytol injection. We used clodronate liposomes to deplete monocytes in the blood and Kupffer cells in the liver and showed that there is minimal passive leakage of ferumoxytol into the tumor, suggesting that ferumoxytol must be carried into the tumor by a phagocytic cell such as monocytes. We implemented another method of measuring ferumoxytol, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and used it in conjunction with T2* mapping to investigate whether the magnitude of ferumoxytol enhancement is related to future tumor control in niacin treated animals. We found that the degree of ferumoxytol enhancement is directly related to niacin’s ability to control tumor growth, with high ferumoxytol enhancement corresponding to smaller tumors. This thesis showed that niacin treatment can reduce tumor growth by stimulating monocytes. In addition, using ferumoxytol to track the innate immune system is a promising imaging tool to aid the assessment of immunotherapy treatment response in GBM.
The Static Quantum Multiverse
Creators: name: Nomura, Yasunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the multiverse in the intrinsically quantum mechanical framework recently proposed in Refs. [1,2]. By requiring that the principles of quantum mechanics are universally valid and that physical predictions do not depend on the reference frame one chooses to describe the multiverse, we find that the multiverse state must be static---in particular, the multiverse does not have a beginning or end. We argue that, despite its naive appearance, this does not contradict observation, including the fact that we observe that time flows in a definite direction. Selecting the multiverse state is ultimately boiled down to finding normalizable solutions to certain zero-eigenvalue equations, analogous to the case of the hydrogen atom. Unambiguous physical predictions would then follow, according to the rules of quantum mechanics.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures; a typo in the abstract corrected
Continuity and Change in Long-Lasting State Performance Funding Systems for Higher Education: The Cases of Tennessee and Florida
Creators: name: Dougherty, Kevin J.
name: Natow, Rebecca Spiro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Education, Higher
Education and state
School management and organization

description: One of the key ways that state governments pursue better higher education performance is through performance funding. It ties state funding directly to specific indicators of institutional performance, such as rates of graduation and job placement. This report considers the ways that performance funding systems in states with long-lasting systems have changed over time and what political and social conditions explain the changes. We analyze the experiences of two states: Tennessee, which pioneered performance funding in 1979; and Florida, which launched it in 1994. Funding for Tennessee's system has steadily increased over the years, whereas Florida's funding history has been more volatile and now provides much fewer dollars than when it was at its peak. Both Tennessee and Florida have changed their performance indicators substantially. But Florida added nine and dropped two in 12 years, while Tennessee added only six and dropped four over 31 years. Moreover, in Tennessee, performance indicators are added at the end of a regular five-year review, whereas in Florida they have been added irregularly, with no tie to a cyclical process of program reappraisal. Overall, Tennessee's performance funding system has been considerably more stable than Florida's because its initial policy design delineated much more clearly how the system was to be governed and changed over time, and provided for regular and systematic evaluation. Moreover, Tennessee's state legislature has played a smaller role in the ongoing development of performance funding than Florida's. These differences in policy process carry important implications. A system where funding levels do not oscillate greatly and indicators change more gradually and systematically is more likely to allow institutions to plan effectively. Further, such a system will have a more secure base of consent from institutions if it comes under attack.
Three Essays on Energy Economics
Creators: name: Zheng, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Hydraulic Fracturing
subject: Natural Gas Market
subject: Shale Boom
subject: Crude Oil Market
subject: Economics

description: This dissertation investigates the effect of a technology innovation, hydraulic fracturing, on the North American energy market and social welfare from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Chapter 1 provides a theoretical framework to explain why the optimal path of oil and gas production by hydraulic fracturing can be different from conventional production. I argued that hydraulic fracturing has substantially reduced production uncertainty since the shale boom. I model production uncertainty as a random shock that continuously shifts realized productions from proved reserves. With this new feature incorporated into a standard extraction model, I conclude that the reduced production uncertainty caused by hydraulic fracturing affects the optimal path of expected production through two channels. First, the expected production is tilted from the future towards the present as producers become less patient. Second, it limits the increases in marginal costs in response to production shocks. Both of these two channels would accelerate expected extractions and hence proved reserves would deplete more rapidly by hydraulic fracturing. Chapter 2 examines the impact of the recent boom in U.S. oil production, caused by hydraulic fracturing, on the downstream U.S. petroleum refining industry. By using a panel dataset of 16 U.S. independent refinery firms from 2005 to 2015, the empirical evidence suggests that the shale boom caused by hydraulic fracturing was associated with an increased refinery profitability in U.S. Gulf Coast region, but leaving few benefits for U.S. gasoline and diesel consumers. Chapter 3 explores the effect of shale boom on three important measures of the natural gas market: the rig count of active drilling rigs, production, and storage. By using a large panel dataset including 48 U.S. states and 10 Canadian provinces, I demonstrate that the expansion of hydraulic fracturing has resulted in a significant change in the natural gas spot and storage markets. In the spot market, production from existing wells has become more elastic to spot prices with the expansion of hydraulic fracturing. Moreover, with drilling also being more elastic to future prices and more productive with the expansion of hydraulic fracturing, the production from newly established wells has become more elastic to price. Simultaneously, in the storage market, I document adjusting natural gas storage has become more flexible with the expansion of hydraulic fracturing. Since storage is primarily used to meet the demand shocks from temperature variations, hydraulic fracturing has significantly decreased the impact of temperature shocks. As a result, consumers can benefit from shale boom by avoiding paying abruptly raised prices for natural gas in the short run.
Community College Student Success: What Institutional Characteristics Make a Difference?
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Calcagno, Juan Carlos
name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Kienzl, Gregory S.
name: Leinbach, D. Timothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: The goal of this study is to determine the institutional characteristics that affect the success of community college students as measured by the individual student probability of completing a certificate or degree or transferring to a baccalaureate institution. While there is extensive research on the institutional determinants of educational outcomes for K-12 education and a growing literature on this topic for baccalaureate institutions, few researchers have attempted to address the issue for community colleges. Using individual level data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) and institutional level data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), we address two methodological challenges associated with research on community college students: unobserved institutional effects and attendance at multiple institutions. The most consistent results across specifications are the negative relationship between individual success and larger institutional size, and the proportion of part-time faculty and minority students.
Two new young, wide magnetic + non-magnetic double-degenerate binary systems
Creators: name: Dobbie, Paul D.
name: Baxter, Richard
name: Kulebi, Baybars
name: Parker, Quentin A.
name: Koester, Detlev
name: Jordan, Stefan
name: Lodieu, Nicolas
name: Euchner, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abridged: We report the discovery of two, new, rare, wide, double-degenerate binaries that each contain a magnetic and a non-magnetic star. The components of SDSSJ092646.88+132134.5 + J092647.00+132138.4 and SDSSJ150746.48+521002.1 + J150746.80+520958.0 have angular separations of only 4.6 arcsec (a~650AU) and 5.1 arcsec (a~750AU), respectively. They also appear to share common proper motions. Follow-up optical spectroscopy reveals each system to consist of a DA and a H-rich high-field magnetic white dwarf (HFMWD). Our measurements of the effective temperatures and the surface gravities of the DA components reveal both to have larger masses than are typical of field white dwarfs. By assuming that these degenerates have evolved essentially as single stars, due to their wide orbital separations, we use them to place limits on the total ages of our stellar systems. These argue that in each case the HFMWD is probably associated with an early type progenitor (M_init > 2M_solar). We find that the cooling time of SDSSJ150746.80+520958.0 (DAH) is somewhat lower than might be expected had it followed the evolutionary path of a typical single star. This mild discord is in the same sense as that observed for two of the small number of other HFMWDs for which progenitor mass estimates have been made, REJ0317-853 and EG59. The mass of the other DAH, SDSSJ092646.88+132134.5, appears to be smaller than expected on the basis of single star evolution. If this object was/is a member of a hierarchical triple system it may have experienced greater mass loss during an earlier phase of its life as a result of it having a close companion. The large uncertainties on our estimates of the parameters of the HFMWDs suggest a larger sample of these objects is required to firmly identify any trends in their inferred cooling times and progenitor masses.
description: Accepted for MNRAS
Strangeness nuclear physics: a critical review on selected topics
Creators: name: Botta, Elena
name: Bressani, Tullio
name: Garbarino, Gianni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Selected topics in strangeness nuclear physics are critically reviewed. This includes production, structure and weak decay of $Λ$--Hypernuclei, the $\bar K$ nuclear interaction and the possible existence of $\bar K$ bound states in nuclei. Perspectives for future studies on these issues are also outlined.
description: 63 pages, 51 figures, accepted for publication on European Physical Journal A
Sharp large deviations for some hyperbolic systems
Creators: name: Petkov, Vesselin
name: Stoyanov, Luchezar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37D20, 37D35, 60F10

description: We prove a sharp large deviation principle concerning intervals shrinking with sub-exponential speed for certain models involving the Poincaré map related to a Markov family for an Axiom A flow restricted to a basic set $Λ$ satisfying some additional regularity assumptions.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0810.1126
title: Photochemical synthesis and properties of 1,6- and 1,8-Naphthalenophanes
Creators: name: Wessig, Pablo
name: Matthes, Annika
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Various 1,6- and 1,8-naphthalenophanes were synthesized by using the Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction of bis-ynones. These compounds are easily accessible from omega-(3-iodophenyl)carboxylic acids in three steps. The obtained naphthalenophanes are axially chiral and the activation barrier for the atropisomerization could be determined in some cases by means of dynamic NMR (DNMR) and/or dynamic HPLC (DHPLC) experiments.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1042
College 101 Courses for Applied Learning and Student Success
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
name: Bickerstaff, Susan E.
name: Rucks-Ahidiana, Zawadi
name: Bork, Rachel Julia Hare
name: Barragan, Melissa
name: Edgecombe, Nicole Diane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: College 101 courses—also called student success, introduction to college, orientation to college, or freshman experience courses—provide students with information about college and campus services, assistance with academic and career planning, and techniques to improve study habits and personal skills. This study investigated College 101 courses at three community colleges in Virginia through interviews with 169 college staff members, faculty members, and students combined with observations of 19 course sections. Although College 101 courses were found to be widely supported by stakeholders, contextual factors made implementation challenging and undermined the courses’ potential to create long-lasting impacts on students’ outcomes. College 101 courses provided students with important information, but they did not offer sufficient opportunities for in-depth exploration and skill-building practice. However, the authors found strong evidence of the worth and promise of College 101 courses and identified ways to optimize them and generate long-term results.
Social, cultural and educational inclusion/exclusion of Turkish immigrant youth in Canada
Creators: name: Kayaalp, Dilek
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation explores the experiences of social, cultural and educational inclusion/exclusion of Turkish immigrant youth in Vancouver, Canada. I undertake this work within the context of inequality, such as racism and other forms of social and educational marginalization. My theoretical framework combines sociology of immigration (e.g., Hall) with sociology of education (e.g., Bourdieu). The main methodology is a critical qualitative approach. In total, 14 young people, ages 15-25, participated in this research. The findings of the study indicate that Turkish youths’ experience of inclusion/exclusion in Canada changes according to their immigration and socio-economic status, gender and religious affiliation. Muslim and first generation young people suffer from cultural and accent discrimination, stereotypes and general Islamophobia in the social sphere. The imposition of the dominant language, values, habits and habitus on minority students as the legitimate truth and lack of respect for minority students’ cultural background are forms of discrimination against minority youth in Canadian schools. The social and educational marginalization of young people affects their conflicted identities and sense of belonging in the host country. Conditional acceptance leads minority youth to have a conditional sense of belonging.
Fragmentation of spin-dipole strength in $^{90}$Zr and $^{208}$Pb
Creators: name: Marketin, T.
name: Litvinova, E.
name: Vretenar, D.
name: Ring, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of time-dependent covariant density functional theory that includes particle-vibration coupling is applied to the charge-exchange channel. Spin-dipole excitation spectra are calculated an compared to available data for $^{90}$Zr and $^{208}$Pb. A significant fragmentation is found for all three angular-momentum components of the spin-dipole strength as a result of particle-vibration coupling, as well as a shift of a portion of the strength to higher energy. A high-energy tail is formed in the strength distribution that linearly decreases with energy. Using a model-independent sum rule,the corresponding neutron skin thickness is estimated and shown to be consistent with values obtained at the mean-field level.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Can High School Transition Courses Help Students Avoid College Remediation? Estimating the Impact of a Transition Program in a Large Urban District
Creators: name: Trimble, Madeline Joy
name: Pheatt, Lara Elaine
name: Papikyan, Tatev
name: Barnett, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Education, Secondary
High school students--Education (Higher)
High school students--Services for

description: Graduating from high school does not always ensure successful transition into postsecondary education or other career training. While college participation rates are at a historic high, too many students who graduate from high school are underprepared for college. Schools across the country are working to help improve students’ college readiness by implementing transition courses developed jointly by secondary and postsecondary faculty for students at risk of being placed into remedial math or English coursework. This study examines the effectiveness of math and English transition courses with added supports through the At Home in College program in New York City, which was developed by the City University of New York. Our study asks:What is the impact of the availability of the transition course program on students’ attainment of college readiness benchmarks upon initial college enrollment and on students’ likelihood of passing a first college-level (gatekeeper) course in the related subject in the first year of college? Taking advantage of staggered program implementation, we employ a difference-in-differences (DID) methodology to compare the difference in student outcomes between cohorts of students in schools that continuously implemented the transition program during a given timeframe to the difference in outcomes between cohorts that had not yet implemented the program. Our findings in relation to English suggest a small negative impact (3 percentage points) on college readiness and no impact on passing an English gatekeeper course within the first-year of college entry. In math, we find no impact on college readiness in math and a small positive and significant effect (1 percentage point) on passing a math gatekeeper course within one year of college entry. In both subjects, we find a small, positive impact (1 credit) on the number of college course credits earned in the first year. However, these results are somewhat sensitive to alternate sample specifications. Taken together, the findings suggest that offering the program is likely neutral to mildly beneficial and at least not harmful to high school seniors. Yet because the counterfactual circumstance typically includes a college-preparatory course of some kind that is displaced in favor of the treatment, it is important for policymakers and educators implementing transition courses to carefully consider the unintended consequences of removing students from alternative courses. If the alternative courses are already rigorous, well-taught, and packed with content that is useful for college success, the transformative impact of a transition course may be limited.
Predicting the Merger Fraction of Lyman alpha Emitters from Redshift z~3 to z~7
Creators: name: Tilvi, Vithal
name: Scannapieco, Evan
name: Malhotra, Sangeeta
name: Rhoads, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid mass assembly, likely from mergers or smooth accretion, has been predicted to play a vital role in star-formation in high-redshift Lyman-alpha (Lya) emitters. Here we predict the major merger, minor merger, and smooth accreting Lya emitter fraction from z~3 to z~7 using a large dark matter simulation, and a simple physical model that is successful in reproducing many observations over this large redshift range. The central tenet of this model, different from many of the earlier models, is that the star-formation in Lya emitters is proportional to the mass accretion rate rather than the total halo mass. We find that at z~3, nearly 35% of the Lya emitters accrete their mass through major (3:1) mergers, and this fraction increases to about 50% at z~7. This imply that the star-formation in a large fraction of high-redshift Lya emitters is driven by mergers. While there is discrepancy between the model predictions and observed merger fractions, some of this difference (~15%) can be attributed to the mass-ratio used to define a merger in the simulation. We predict that future, deeper observations which use a 3:1 definition of major mergers will find >30% major merger fraction of Lya emitters at redshifts >3.
description: Accepted in MNRAS
Analytical 1-D dual-porosity equivalent solutions to 3-D discrete single-continuum models. Application to karstic spring hydrograph modelling
Creators: name: Cornaton, F.
name: Perrochet, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: A.0

description: One dimensional analytical porosity-weighted solutions of the dual-porosity model are derived, providing insights on how to relate exchange and storage coefficients to the volumetric density of the high-permeability medium. It is shown that porosity-weighted storage and exchange coefficients are needed when handling highly heterogeneous systems - such as karstic aquifers - using equivalent dual-porosity models. The sensitivity of these coefficients is illustrated by means of numerical experiments with theoretical karst systems. The presented 1-D dual-porosity analytical model is used to reproduce the hydraulic responses of reference 3-D karst aquifers, modelled by a discrete single-continuum approach. Under various stress conditions, simulation results show the relations between the dual-porosity model coefficients and the structural features of the discrete single-continuum model. The calibration of the equivalent 1-D analytical dual-porosity model on reference hydraulic responses confirms the dependence of the exchange coefficient with the karstic network density. The use of the analytical model could also point out some fundamental structural properties of the karstic network that rule the shape of the hydraulic responses, such as density and connectivity.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Charting Pathways to Completion for Low-Income Community College Students
Creators: name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Trimble, Madeline Joy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This paper uses administrative data from Washington State to chart the educational pathways of first-time community college students over seven years, with a focus on young, socioeconomically disadvantaged students. Of particular interest are the rates at which students enter a program of study or concentration (by passing multiple college-level courses within a focused field of study), the amount of remediation taken by students in each concentration, and the rates at which students in different concentrations earn certificates or associate degrees, or transfer to four-year institutions. The paper identifies patterns of progression among students with low socioeconomic status and makes recommendations for practitioners and policymakers.
Challenge and Opportunity: Rethinking the Role and Function of Developmental Education in Community College
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In the paper, I review evidence on the number of students who enter community colleges with weak academic skills and on the incidence of developmental education. I then report on what happens to developmental students and review the research on the effectiveness of programs at community colleges designed to strengthen weak academic skills. I briefly discuss the costs of these programs. I conclude by arguing that, on average, developmental education as it is now practiced is not very effective in overcoming academic weaknesses, partly because the majority of students referred to developmental education do not finish the sequences to which they are referred. Yet there is reason for optimism. In recent years, a dramatic expansion in experimentation with new approaches to strengthen student skills has taken place. There is now a growing commitment to better evaluation and quantitative analysis of student progression in community colleges that promises a more systematic and informed process of program and policy development. I suggest a broad developmental education reform agenda based on a comprehensive approach to assessment, more rigorous research that explicitly tracks students with weak academic skills through their early experiences at community colleges, a blurring of the distinction between developmental and "college-level" students that could improve pedagogy for both groups of students, and strategies to streamline developmental programs and accelerate students' progress toward engagement in college-level work.
The career development of first and second generation Iranian-Canadians
Creators: name: Aghakhani, Anoosha
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 178-200
description: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that facilitate and impede the career development of first and second generation Iranian-Canadians. The study also investigated the generational differences with respect to acceptable and unacceptable career options and the perceptions of career opportunities and barriers among first and second generation Iranian-Canadians. Fourteen participants (five first generation Iranian­Canadians and nine second generation Iranian-Canadians) volunteered to participate in this study. Constructivist grounded theory supported by semi-structured interviews and the constant comparative method of data analysis were utilized to extract themes from the data. A grounded theory model specific to the career development of first and second generation Iranian-Canadian participants emerged describing the influence of contextual factors, such as immigration, new home, access to opportunities, loss, fear, unhelpful educators, and the dream for a better life. Implications for counsellors, primary and secondary school educators, and policy makers are discussed.