cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Low superfluid density and possible multi-gap superconductivity in BiS2-based layered superconductor Bi4O4S3
Creators: name: Biswas, P. K.
name: Amato, A.
name: Baines, C.
name: Khasanov, R.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Lei, Hechang
name: Petrovic, C.
name: Morenzoni, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic penetration depth as a function of temperature in Bi4O4S3 was studied by muon-spin-spectroscopy measurements. The superfluid density of Bi4O4S3 is found to be very low. The dependence of penetration depth on temperature possibly suggests the existence of two s-wave type energy gaps with the zero-temperature values of 0.93(3) and 0.09(4) meV. The upturn in the temperature dependence of the upper critical field close to Tc further supports multi-gap superconductivity in Bi4O4S3. The presence of two superconducting energy gaps is consistent with theoretical and other experimental studies. However, a single-gap s-wave model fit with a gap of 0.88(2) meV can not be ruled out completely. The value of penetration depth at T = 0 K is estimated to be of 861(17) nm, one of the largest of all known layered superconductors, reflecting a very low superfluid density.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
title: Data fusion approach for a digital construction logistics twin
Creators: name: Gehring, Maximilian
name: Rüppel, Uwe
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Construction site logistics deals with the transport and storage of materials as part of the execution of a construction project. An important part of construction logistics is informing those who are involved in the project about the current status of the ordered materials. On the one hand, the missing overview of the material inventory on the construction site and incoming deliveries makes efficient daily work planning on the construction site more difficult. On the other hand, unnecessary search and travel times reduce the productive working hours of employees on the construction site. In order to provide a better overview, the information from existing data sources must be linked and visualized in an easily understandable way for all project participants. Therefore, a digital construction logistics twin is proposed in this paper. Here, the challenge lies in the creation of the digital twin. The aim of this paper is to reduce the manual entry and planning effort needed. Therefore, an approach is proposed, which uses the Building Information Model (BIM), information from the technical specifications and bill of quantities as well as catalogue data from the building materials trade. The Building Information Model comprises the three-dimensional building model, information about the building components, the construction schedule (4D BIM) and the planned storage spaces on the constructions site. The catalogue data adds relevant logistic attributes and could also enables guidelines to be checked, e.g., as part of a sustainability certification (e.g., LEED). If the suppliers' telemetry data were integrated, end-to-end material tracking would even be possible, similar to "track-and-trace" services from parcel service providers for end customers. The provision of all this data via a Building Information Model server as a "single source of truth" increases the transparency of the construction and logistics processes for everyone involved in the project. Also, this information would, for example, favor the use of autonomous means of transport, which reduces the need for manpower for transport on the construction site.
Scaling of cluster growth for coagulating active particles
Creators: name: Cremer, P.
name: Löwen, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cluster growth in a coagulating system of active particles (such as microswimmers in a solvent) is studied by theory and simulation. In contrast to passive systems, the net velocity of a cluster can have various scalings dependent on the propulsion mechanism and alignment of individual particles. Additionally, the persistence length of the cluster trajectory typically increases with size. As a consequence, a growing cluster collects neighbouring particles in a very efficient way and thus amplifies its growth further. This results in unusual large growth exponents for the scaling of the cluster size with time and, for certain conditions, even leads to "explosive" cluster growth where the cluster becomes macroscopic in a finite amount of time.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Bootstrapped Edge Count Tests for Nonparametric Two-Sample Inference Under Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Banerjee, Trambak
name: Bhattacharya, Bhaswar B.
name: Mukherjee, Gourab
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Nonparametric two-sample testing is a classical problem in inferential statistics. While modern two-sample tests, such as the edge count test and its variants, can handle multivariate and non-Euclidean data, contemporary gargantuan datasets often exhibit heterogeneity due to the presence of latent subpopulations. Direct application of these tests, without regulating for such heterogeneity, may lead to incorrect statistical decisions. We develop a new nonparametric testing procedure that accurately detects differences between the two samples in the presence of unknown heterogeneity in the data generation process. Our framework handles this latent heterogeneity through a composite null that entertains the possibility that the two samples arise from a mixture distribution with identical component distributions but with possibly different mixing weights. In this regime, we study the asymptotic behavior of weighted edge count test statistic and show that it can be effectively recalibrated to detect arbitrary deviations from the composite null. For practical implementation we propose a Bootstrapped Weighted Edge Count test which involves a bootstrap-based calibration procedure that can be easily implemented across a wide range of heterogeneous regimes. A comprehensive simulation study and an application to detecting aberrant user behaviors in online games demonstrates the excellent non-asymptotic performance of the proposed test. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Supersymmetry of hyperbolic monopoles
Creators: name: Figueroa-O'Farrill, José
name: Gharamti, Moustafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate what supersymmetry says about the geometry of the moduli space of hyperbolic monopoles. We construct a three-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills-Higgs theory on hyperbolic space whose half-BPS configurations coincide with (complexified) hyperbolic monopoles. We then study the action of the preserved supersymmetry on the collective coordinates and show that demanding closure of the supersymmetry algebra constraints the geometry of the moduli space of hyperbolic monopoles, turning it into a so-called pluricomplex manifold, thus recovering a recent result of Bielawski and Schwachhöfer.
description: 22 pages
26 Words: The Transformation of Section 230 Immunity for Technology Companies in U.S. Court
Creators: name: Zaher, Dina
name: Karim Zaher, Dina
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2021

description: Section 230 is a foundational internet law from the 1996 Communications Decency Act that provides technology companies with the ability to moderate content on their platforms. Policymakers from both sides of the aisle have fallen out of love with Section 230 today, and as a result, there is an ongoing policy debate in Congress on how to proceed with regulating speech online. Applying social science methods to legal research, this paper explores a simple random sample of 181 federal Section 230 case decisions in the U.S. between 2010 and 2020 to determine how these case decisions have changed over time and provide policymakers with quantitative data to reference as they proceed with plans for reform. Focusing my study on Section 230 case decisions during an expansive time period for technological innovation, I provide the only empirical study of Section 230 case decisions between 2010 and 2020 in the existing scholarship today. I discuss how recent policy proposals can be categorized into three broader themes for reform: regulating accountability and transparency, targeting the section of the statute that gives technology companies their ability to moderate content, and incentivizing technology companies to moderate more aggressively. However, these proposal themes do not properly target the ways in which Section 230 operates in court; therefore, I conclude that there is a dissonance between the Section 230 legislative history over the past ten years and the most recent policy proposals for reforming the statute. My main findings show that there has been a drastic shift in the types of defendants in these cases since 2010, the majority of these case decisions revolve around a section of the statute that does not receive much attention in Congress, and narrowing existing immunity through carveout approaches is not the most effective solution for reform.
Artificial abelian gauge potentials induced by dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Cesa, A.
name: Martin, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the influence of dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms on the generation of Abelian artificial gauge potentials and fields. When two Rydberg atoms are driven by a uniform laser field, we show that the combined atom-atom and atom-field interactions give rise to new, nonuniform, artificial gauge potentials. We identify the mechanism responsible for the emergence of these gauge potentials. Analytical expressions for the latter indicate that the strongest artificial magnetic fields are reached in the regime intermediate between the dipole blockade regime and the regime in which the atoms are sufficiently far apart such that atom-light interaction dominates over atom-atom interactions. We discuss the differences and similarities of artificial gauge fields originating from resonant dipole-dipole and van der Waals interactions. We also give an estimation of experimentally attainable artificial magnetic fields resulting from this mechanism and we discuss their detection through the deflection of the atomic motion.
description: revtex, 11 pages, 6 figures
„Wir dürfen uns nicht entmutigen lassen“
Creators: name: Mentschel, Stefan
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Die Spannungen zwischen den „Befreiungstigern“ von Tamil Eelam und der srilankischen Regierung haben sich seit Dezember 2005 dramatisch verschärft. Wiederholt und massiv haben beide Seiten gegen das vor vier Jahren in Oslo vereinbarte Waffenstillstandsabkommen verstoßen. Alle Versuche, den seit mehr als 20 Jahren tobenden Konflikt am Verhandlungstisch zu lösen, scheinen vergeblich gewesen zu sein. Unabhängig von der Situation an der politischen und militärischen Front setzt sich eine Frau für Frieden und Aussöhnung in ihrer Heimat ein. Sie hat sich mit ihrer beharrlichen Arbeit Respekt auf beiden Seiten erworben hat.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
Global Inference and Test for Eigensystems of Imaging Data Over Complicated Domains
Creators: name: Cai, Leheng
name: Hu, Qirui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A nonparametric approach for analyzing eigensystems of image data over a complex domain is novelly developed. The proposed estimators, which are based on bivariate splines, have both oracle efficiency of Op(n−1/2), meaning they are asymptotically indistinguishable from estimators computed with true trajectories, and computational efficiency with more convenient spectrum decomposition forms. Under mild conditions, we derive consistency and weak convergence of our proposed estimators, which can be used to construct confidence intervals and simultaneous confidence corridors for any individual eigenvalue and eigenfunction, as well as design uniform inference procedures for eigensystems with a diverging number of components. In addition, we extend our method to two-sample test problems. Extensive simulation results provide strong support for the asymptotic theory, and the procedures are applied to two potential seawater temperature data sets to demonstrate its validity.
Multilabel Classification through Random Graph Ensembles
Creators: name: Su, Hongyu
name: Rousu, Juho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present new methods for multilabel classification, relying on ensemble learning on a collection of random output graphs imposed on the multilabel and a kernel-based structured output learner as the base classifier. For ensemble learning, differences among the output graphs provide the required base classifier diversity and lead to improved performance in the increasing size of the ensemble. We study different methods of forming the ensemble prediction, including majority voting and two methods that perform inferences over the graph structures before or after combining the base models into the ensemble. We compare the methods against the state-of-the-art machine learning approaches on a set of heterogeneous multilabel benchmark problems, including multilabel AdaBoost, convex multitask feature learning, as well as single target learning approaches represented by Bagging and SVM. In our experiments, the random graph ensembles are very competitive and robust, ranking first or second on most of the datasets. Overall, our results show that random graph ensembles are viable alternatives to flat multilabel and multitask learners.
description: 15 Pages, 1 Figures
Probing the z>6 Universe with the first Hubble Frontier Fields cluster Abell 2744
Creators: name: Atek, Hakim
name: Richard, Johan
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Clement, Benjamin
name: Egami, Eiichi
name: Ebeling, Harald
name: Jauzac, Mathilde
name: Jullo, Eric
name: Laporte, Nicolas
name: Limousin, Marceau
name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program combines the capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) with the gravitational lensing of massive galaxy clusters to probe the distant Universe to an unprecedented depth. Here, we present the results of the first combined HST and Spitzer observations of the cluster Abell 2744. We combine the full near-infrared data with ancillary optical images to search for gravitationally lensed high-redshift (z > 6) galaxies. We report the detection of 15 I814-dropout candidates at z ~ 6-7 and one Y105-dropout at z ~ 8 in a total survey area of 1.43 arcmin^2 in the source plane. The predictions of our lens model allow us to also identify five multiply-imaged systems lying at redshifts between z ~ 6 and z ~ 8. Thanks to constraints from the mass distribution in the cluster, we were able to estimate the effective survey volume corrected for completeness and magnification effects. This was in turn used to estimate the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function (LF) at z ~ 6-8. Our LF results are generally in agreement with the most recent blank field estimates, confirming the feasibility of surveys through lensing clusters. Although based on a shallower observations than what will be achieved in the final dataset including the full ACS observations, the LF presented here extends down to Muv ~ -18.5 at z ~ 7 with one identified object at Muv ~ -15 thanks to the highly-magnified survey areas. This early study forecasts the power of using massive galaxy clusters as cosmic telescopes and its complementarity to blank fields.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. accepted for publication in ApJ
Friedlicher Wandel in Bhutan
Creators: name: Brauer, Dieter
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Kaum beachtet von der Weltöffentlichkeit und in krassem Gegensatz zu den politischen Entwicklungen der vergangenen Jahre im Nachbarland Nepal läuft im Himalaya-Königreich Bhutan ein Prozess der Demokratisierung von oben, der beispielhaft auch für andere Entwicklungsländer sein könnte. Angetrieben von dem seit 1972 regierenden König Jigme Singye Wangchuck und ohne Druck von außen oder innen wandelt sich das Land von einer altertümlichen absoluten Monarchie zu einem modernen Verfassungsstaat, in dem das Königshaus wesentliche Rechte freiwillig abgibt.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
Using Early Rejection Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Gaussian Processes to Accelerate ABC Methods
Creators: name: Cao, Xuefei
name: Wang, Shijia
name: Zhou, Yongdao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a class of Bayesian inference algorithms that targets problems with intractable or unavailable likelihood functions. It uses synthetic data drawn from the simulation model to approximate the posterior distribution. However, ABC is computationally intensive for complex models in which simulating synthetic data is very expensive. In this article, we propose an early rejection Markov chain Monte Carlo (ejMCMC) sampler based on Gaussian processes to accelerate inference speed. We early reject samples in the first stage of the kernel using a discrepancy model, in which the discrepancy between the simulated and observed data is modeled by Gaussian process (GP). Hence, synthetic data is generated only if the parameter space is worth exploring. We demonstrate through theory, simulation experiments, and real data analysis that the new algorithm significantly improves inference efficiency compared to existing early-rejection MCMC algorithms. In addition, we employ our proposed method within an ABC sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) sampler. In our numerical experiments, we use examples of ordinary differential equations, stochastic differential equations, and delay differential equations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We develop an R package that is available at https://github.com/caofff/ejMCMC.
Galileon Duality
Creators: name: de Rham, Claudia
name: Fasiello, Matteo
name: Tolley, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that every Galileon theory admits a dual formulation as a Galileon theory with new operator coefficients. In n dimensions a free scalar field in Minkowski spacetime is dual to a (n+1)-th order Galileon theory which exhibits the Vainshtein mechanism when coupled to sources and superluminal propagation even on-shell. This demonstrates that superluminal propagation is compatible with an analytic S-matrix and causality. For point sources, the duality interchanges the strongly coupled Vainshtein regime with the weakly coupled asymptotic regime. The duality is made manifest in the context of the decoupling limit of bigravity, but is independent of this.
description: 6 pages
Transit mit Stolpersteinen
Creators: name: Döhne, Thomas
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Nur wenige Monate sind seit dem Volksaufstand gegen das königsgeführte Regime im Frühjahr vergangen. Im Frühjahr 2006 hatte eine von der oppositionellen Sieben-Parteien-Allianz geführte und von den Maoisten aktiv unterstützte Kampagne den Rückzug des Königs und die Wiedereinsetzung des von ihm 2002 aufgelösten Parlaments erzwungen. Zuvor hatten landesweit zunächst Zehntausende, dann Hunderttausende trotz verhängter Ausgangssperren und Schießbefehle gegen das autokratische Königsregime und für die Wiederherstellung demokratischer Verhältnissen im Land demonstriert. 21 Menschen waren während des 19 Tage anhaltenden Generalstreiks getötet, mehr als 5.000 verletzt worden. Während einige der Verletzten bleibende Schäden erlitten haben und zum Teil noch immer im Krankenhaus liegen, ist hier in Kathmandu zumindest äußerlich der politische Alltag eingekehrt. Doch der Weg zu freien Wahlen, zur Kontrolle der Milizen und zur Durchsetzung rechtsstaatlicher Normen ist noch weit. Der Friedensprozess ist in einer Phase der Stagnation geraten.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
Ladakh - ein neuer südasiatischer Krisenherd?
Creators: name: Sprung, Christoph
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Gerüchte um die Entweihung eines Korans lösten Anfang Februar 2006 eine mehrtägige Gewaltwelle zwischen zumeist jugendlichen muslimischen und buddhistischen Agitatoren in Ladakh aus. Um die Ausschreitungen zwischen Angehörigen der beiden Religionsgemeinschaften zu beenden, musste die Armee einschreiten. Nach Einschätzung von Experten und Beobachtern sind die Exzesse Anlass zu ernsthafter Sorge vor einer drastischen Verschärfung der Situation in der Himalaya-Region.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
Dynamic AdS/QCD and the Spectrum of Walking Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Alho, Timo
name: Evans, Nick
name: Tuominen, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple AdS/QCD model in which the formation of the chiral condensate is dynamically determined. The gauge dynamics is input through the running of the quark bilinear's anomalous dimension, gamma. The condensate provides a dynamically generated infra-red wall in the computation of mesonic bound state masses and decay constants. As an example, we use the model, with perturbative computations of the running of gamma, to study SU(3) gauge theory with a continuous number of quark flavours, Nf. We follow the behaviour of the spectrum as we approach the conformal window through a walking gauge theory regime. We show such walking theories display a BKT phase transition, with Miransky scaling, as one approaches the edge of the conformal window at the critical value of Nf. We show that these walking theories possess an enhanced quark condensate, a light Higgs like excitation and argue that the non-perturbative contribution to S falls to zero. We also study the deformation of the BKT transition when the quarks have a current mass which may be of use for understanding lattice simulations of walking theories.
description: 12 pages, 13 pdf figures, minor additions and extra references
Coherent states of composite bosons
Creators: name: Lee, Su-Yong
name: Thompson, Jayne
name: Kurzynski, Pawel
name: Soeda, Akihito
name: Kaszlikowski, Dagomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic analysis on coherent states of composite bosons consisting of two distinguishable particles. By defining an effective composite boson (coboson) annihilation operator, we derive its eigenstate and commutator. Depending on the elementary particles comprising the composite particles, we gauge the resemblance between this eigenstate and traditional coherent states through typical measures of nonclassicality, such as quadrature variances and Mandel's Q parameter. Furthermore, we show that the eigenstate of the coboson annihilation operator is useful in estimating the maximum eigenvalue of the coboson number operator.
description: Published version, 4 pages, 1 figure
Marmota himalayana
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Robert S.
name: Anderson, Charles G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Marmota
Marmota himalayana

description: Marmota himalayana (Hodgson, 1841). J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 10:777. TYPE LOCALITY: "Himalaya...and sandy plains of Tibet"; "potius Tibetensis" (Hodgson, 1843). Restricted by Blanford (1875) to "the Kachar of Nepal." DISTRIBUTION: Montane regions of W China, Nepal, and N India to Ladak. STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India). SYNONYMS: hemachalana (Hodgson, 1843); hodgsoni (Blanford, 1879); robusta (MilneEdwards, 1872); tataricus (Jameson, 1847); tibetanus (Gray, 1847). COMMENTS: Placed in bobak (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:515; Corbet, 1978c:81), but geographically separated from that species; evidence for specific status in Gromov et al. (1965); see also comment under baibacina.
description: Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130
description: {"references": ["Hodgson, B. H. 1843. Notice of two marmots inhabiting respectively the plains of Tibet and the Himalayan slopes near to the snows, and also of a Rhinolophus of the central region of Nepal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 12: 409 - 414.", "Blanford, W. T. 1879. Scientific results of the second Yarkand mission. Mammalia. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 94 + xvi plates.", "Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp.", "Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.", "Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian)."]}
Using early rejection Markov chain Monte Carlo and Gaussian processes to accelerate ABC methods
Creators: name: Cao, Xuefei
name: Wang, Shijia
name: Zhou, Yongdao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a class of Bayesian inference algorithms that targets problems with intractable or unavailable likelihood functions. It uses synthetic data drawn from the simulation model to approximate the posterior distribution. However, ABC is computationally intensive for complex models in which simulating synthetic data is very expensive. In this article, we propose an early rejection Markov chain Monte Carlo (ejMCMC) sampler based on Gaussian processes to accelerate inference speed. We early reject samples in the first stage of the kernel using a discrepancy model, in which the discrepancy between the simulated and observed data is modeled by Gaussian process (GP). Hence, synthetic data is generated only if the parameter space is worth exploring. We demonstrate through theory, simulation experiments, and real data analysis that the new algorithm significantly improves inference efficiency compared to existing early-rejection MCMC algorithms. In addition, we employ our proposed method within an ABC sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) sampler. In our numerical experiments, we use examples of ordinary differential equations, stochastic differential equations, and delay differential equations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We develop an R package that is available at https://github.com/caofff/ejMCMC.
Grabsteine und Baumwollsaatgut für Deutschland
Creators: name: Hütz-Adams, Friedel
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Die indische Verfassung aus dem Jahre 1950 untersagt Menschenhandel und Zwangsarbeit sowie die Arbeit von Kindern unter 14 Jahren in Minen, Fabriken oder weiteren gefährlichen Beschäftigungen. Kinder sollen in einem gesunden Umfeld in Freiheit und Würde leben können und vor Ausbeutung geschützt werden. Darüber hinaus schreibt die Verfassung vor, binnen 10 Jahren eine unentgeltliche und obligatorische Schulbildung für alle Kinder unter 14 Jahren umzusetzen. Die Wirklichkeit sieht bekanntlich anders aus.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
Global inference and test for eigensystems of imaging data over complicated domains
Creators: name: Cai, Leheng
name: Hu, Qirui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A nonparametric approach for analyzing eigensystems of image data over a complex domain is novelly developed. The proposed estimators, which are based on bivariate splines, have both oracle efficiency of Op(n−1/2), meaning they are asymptotically indistinguishable from estimators computed with true trajectories, and computational efficiency with more convenient spectrum decomposition forms. Under mild conditions, we derive consistency and weak convergence of our proposed estimators, which can be used to construct confidence intervals and simultaneous confidence corridors for any individual eigenvalue and eigenfunction, as well as design uniform inference procedures for eigensystems with a diverging number of components. In addition, we extend our method to two-sample test problems. Extensive simulation results provide strong support for the asymptotic theory, and the procedures are applied to two potential seawater temperature data sets to demonstrate its validity.
A Compact and Efficient fNIRS Design
Creators: name: Gigantino, Joseph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This thesis was submitted to the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Villanova University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering in May 2023. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique that overcomes many limitations of traditional imaging methods since the technology allows safe, portable, wearable, and cost-effective designs. fNIRS devices use the absorption characteristics of near-infrared (NIR) light by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the brain. Measuring the changes in reflected NIR light, an fNIRS device can provide information on the relative changes in the concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the brain which can then be related to cognitive activations or brain health depending on the application. This thesis focused on creating a compact design in order to increase the efficiency and accessibility of fNIRS devices. It produced a fully functional, compact, modular, battery-powered, and wireless two channel fNIRS sensor. The sensor was successfully designed, manufactured, assembled, and evaluated using baseline system tests as well as real world performance tests. The results indicated that this fNIRS sensor is fully functional and capable of collecting hemodynamic signals.
Uncovering patterns of inter-urban trip and spatial interaction from social media check-in data
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Sui, Zhengwei
name: Kang, Chaogui
name: Gao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The article revisits spatial interaction and distance decay from the perspective of human mobility patterns and spatially-embedded networks based on an empirical data set. We extract nationwide inter-urban movements in China from a check-in data set that covers half million individuals and 370 cities to analyze the underlying patterns of trips and spatial interactions. By fitting the gravity model, we find that the observed spatial interactions are governed by a power law distance decay effect. The obtained gravity model also well reproduces the exponential trip displacement distribution. However, due to the ecological fallacy issue, the movement of an individual may not obey the same distance decay effect. We also construct a spatial network where the edge weights denote the interaction strengths. The communities detected from the network are spatially connected and roughly consistent with province boundaries. We attribute this pattern to different distance decay parameters between intra-province and inter-province trips.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
InnoRenew CoE Newsletter, November 2020, Issue 6
Creators: name: Simmons, Amy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: InnoRenew CoE newsletter containing upcoming InnoRenew CoE events, including the FAÇADE Webinar Series and IRIC2021.
description: The FAÇADE project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 898179.
Indische Konzerne auf globaler Einkaufstour
Creators: name: Hansen, Sven
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Auch in Deutschland kaufen Inder verstärkt Firmen auf. Sie zielen dabei auf den europäischen Markt im Rahmen einer globalen Strategie.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
Gravity/Fluid Correspondence and Its Application on Bulk Gravity with $U(1)$ Gauge Field
Creators: name: Hu, Ya-Peng
name: Zhang, Jian-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the long wavelength limit of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the gravity/fluid correspondence has been shown to be a useful tool for extracting properties of the fluid on the boundary dual to the gravity in the bulk. In this paper, after briefly reviewing the algorithm of gravity/fluid correspondence, we discuss the results of its application on bulk gravity with a $U(1)$ gauge field. In the presence of a $U(1)$ gauge field, the dual fluid possesses more interesting properties such as its charge current. Furthermore, an external field $A_μ^{ext}$ could affect the charge current, and the $U(1)$ Chern-Simons term also reinduces extra structures to the dual current giving anomalous transport coefficients.
description: 14 pages, no figure, version published
Sisyphus Cooling of Lithium
Creators: name: Hamilton, Paul
name: Kim, Geena
name: Joshi, Trinity
name: Mukherjee, Biswaroop
name: Tiarks, Daniel
name: Müller, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser cooling to sub-Doppler temperatures by optical molasses is thought to be inhibited in atoms with unresolved, near-degenerate hyperfine structure in the excited state. We demonstrate that such cooling is possible in one to three dimensions, not only near the standard D2 line for laser cooling, but over a range extending to the D1 line. Via a combination of Sisyphus cooling followed by adiabatic expansion, we reach temperatures as low as 40 μK, which corresponds to atomic velocities a factor of 2.6 above the limit imposed by a single photon recoil. Our method requires modest laser power at a frequency within reach of standard frequency locking methods. It is largely insensitive to laser power, polarization and detuning, magnetic fields, and initial hyperfine populations. Our results suggest that optical molasses should be possible with all alkali species.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The mean first passage time in an energy-diffusion controlled regime with power-law distributions
Creators: name: Zhou, Yanjun
name: Du, Jiulin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the mean first passage time (MFPT) theory, we derive the expression of the MFPT in the energy-diffusion controlled regime with a power-law distribution. We discuss the finite barrier effect (i.e. thermal energy is not small with respect to the potential barrier) and compare it with the Kramers infinite barrier result both in the power-law distribution and in a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. It is shown that the MFPT with the power-law distribution extends the Kramers' low damping result to the relatively low barrier. We pay attention to the energy-diffusion controlled regime which is of great interest in the context of Josephson junctions, and study how the power-law parameter affects the current distribution function in the experiment of Josephson junctions.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Wirtschaftsboom und Bauernselbstmorde
Creators: name: Imhasly, Bernard
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Der Wirtschaftsboom in Indien leuchtet – und wirft lange Schatten. Die Landwirtschaft des Landes ist schlecht vorbereitet auf die Öffnung der Märkte. Das Resultat: Über 100.000 Bauern haben sich in den zehn Jahren bis 2003 das Leben genommen, und seitdem ist die Zahl noch rascher gestiegen. In der zentralindischen Region Vidarbha starben seit Juni 2005 über 700 Baumwollbauern.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
The Correlation Potential of a Test Ion Near a Strongly Charged Plate
Creators: name: Lu, Bing-Sui
name: Xing, Xiangjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically calculate the correlation potential of a test ion near a \emph{strongly} charged plate inside a dilute $m:-n$ electrolyte. We do this by calculating the electrostatic Green's function in the presence of a nonlinear background potential, the latter having been obtained using the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory. We consider the general case where the dielectric constants of the plate and the electrolyte are distinct. The following generic results emerge from our analyses: (1) If the distance to the plate $Δz$ is much larger than a Gouy-Chapman length, the plate surface will behave effectively as an infinitely charged surface, and the dielectric constant of the plate effectively plays no role. (2) If $Δz$ is larger than a Gouy-Chapman length but shorter than a Debye length, the correlation potential can be interpreted in terms of an image charge that is three times larger than the source charge. This behavior is independent of the valences of the ions. (3) The Green's function vanishes inside the plate if the surface charge density is infinitely large; hence the electrostatic potential is constant there. In this respect, a strongly charged plate behaves like a conductor plate. (4) If $Δz$ is smaller than a Gouy-Chapman length, the correlation potential is dominated by the conventional image charge due to the dielectric discontinuity at the interface. (5) If $Δz$ is larger than a Debye length, the leading order behavior of the correlation potential will depend on the valences of the ions in the electrolyte. Furthermore, inside an \emph{asymmetric} electrolyte, the correlation potential is \emph{singly} screened, i.e., it undergoes exponential decay with a decay width equal to the Debye length.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Classical Field Approach to Quantum Weak Measurements
Creators: name: Dressel, Justin
name: Bliokh, Konstantin Y.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By generalizing the quantum weak measurement protocol to the case of quantum fields, we show that weak measurements probe an effective classical background field that describes the average field configuration in the spacetime region between pre- and post-selection boundary conditions. The classical field is itself a weak value of the corresponding quantum field operator and satisfies equations of motion that extremize an effective action. Weak measurements perturb this effective action, producing measurable changes to the classical field dynamics. As such, weakly measured effects always correspond to an effective classical field. This general result explains why these effects appear to be robust for pre- and post-selected ensembles, and why they can also be measured using classical field techniques that are not weak for individual excitations of the field.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, published version
Mühsamer Kampf für Gerechtigkeit im Narmada-Tal
Creators: name: Mentschel, Stefan
Publisher: name: Südasien
Year: 2022

description: Im zentralindischen Narmada-Tal sollen 30 riesige, 135 mittlere und rund 3.000 kleine Staudämme entstehen. Zu den hier zu Lande bekanntesten Projekten zählt der umstrittene Sardar-Sarovar-Damm, dessen Bau untrennbar mit dem politischen Kampf der vor 20 Jahren ins Leben gerufenen Bewegung zur Rettung des Narmada-Flusses (Narmada bacao andolan, NBA) verbunden ist. Nach langem Baustopp beschlossen die Behörden im März dieses Jahres, ihn von 110 auf 122 Meter zu erhöhen. Die NBA protestierte vehement dagegen, da ihrer Ansicht nach die angemessene Entschädigung der Betroffenen nicht gewährleistet ist. Inzwischen hat der Damm eine Höhe von 119 Metern erreicht. Zudem steigen aufgrund des Monsuns die Pegel, wodurch Tausende ihr Hab und Gut verlieren. Doch während sich die NBA weiter unermüdlich für die Menschen am Fluss einsetzt, spielen die Verantwortlichen auf Zeit.
description: Südasien, Bd. 26 Nr. 2/3 (2006): Wirtschaften Schreiben
"ANA-SUSY-2018-10.cxx" of "Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2021

description: Code snippet with the implementation of the analysis selection at truth-level
description: No data abstract available.
title: Influence of the physico-chemical bioink composition on the printability and cell biological properties in 3D-bioprinting of a liver tumor cell line
Creators: name: Fritschen, Anna
name: Acedo Mestre, Mariana
name: Scholpp, Sebastian
name: Blaeser, Andreas
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: The selection of a suitable matrix material is crucial for the development of functional, biomimetic tissue and organ models. When these tissue models are fabricated with 3D-bioprinting technology, the requirements do not only include the biological functionality and physico-chemical properties, but also the printability. In our work, we therefore present a detailed study of seven different bioinks with the focus on a functional liver carcinoma model. Agarose, gelatin, collagen and their blends were selected as materials based on their benefits for 3D cell culture and Drop-on-Demand (DoD) bioprinting. The formulations were characterized for their mechanical (G’ of 10–350 Pa) and rheological (viscosity 2–200 Pa*s) properties as well as albumin diffusivity (8–50 μm²/s). The cellular behavior was exemplarily shown for HepG2 cells by monitoring viability, proliferation and morphology over 14 days, while the printability on a microvalve DoD printer was evaluated by drop volume monitoring in flight (100–250 nl), camera imaging of the wetting behavior and microscopy of the effective drop diameter (700 µm and more). We did not observe negative effects on cell viability or proliferation, which is due to the very low shear stresses inside the nozzle (200–500 Pa). With our method, we could identify the strengths and weaknesses of each material, resulting in a material portfolio. By specifically selecting certain materials or blends, cell migration and possible interaction with other cells can be directed as indicated by the results of our cellular experiments.
Gamma-ray binaries and related systems
Creators: name: Dubus, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After initial claims and a long hiatus, it is now established that several binary stars emit high (0.1-100 GeV) and very high energy (>100 GeV) gamma rays. A new class has emerged called 'gamma-ray binaries', since most of their radiated power is emitted beyond 1 MeV. Accreting X-ray binaries, novae and a colliding wind binary (eta Car) have also been detected - 'related systems' that confirm the ubiquity of particle acceleration in astrophysical sources. Do these systems have anything in common ? What drives their high-energy emission ? How do the processes involved compare to those in other sources of gamma rays: pulsars, active galactic nuclei, supernova remnants ? I review the wealth of observational and theoretical work that have followed these detections, with an emphasis on gamma-ray binaries. I present the current evidence that gamma-ray binaries are driven by rotation-powered pulsars. Binaries are laboratories giving access to different vantage points or physical conditions on a regular timescale as the components revolve on their orbit. I explain the basic ingredients that models of gamma-ray binaries use, the challenges that they currently face, and how they can bring insights into the physics of pulsars. I discuss how gamma-ray emission from microquasars provides a window into the connection between accretion--ejection and acceleration, while eta Car and novae raise new questions on the physics of these objects - or on the theory of diffusive shock acceleration. Indeed, explaining the gamma-ray emission from binaries strains our theories of high-energy astrophysical processes, by testing them on scales and in environments that were generally not foreseen, and this is how these detections are most valuable.
description: 71 pages, 23 figures, minor updates to text, references, figures to reflect published version
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Nunes Paulino Grizente, Ivaneide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this paper is to present the Revista Brasileira de Produção Científica (Brazilian Journal of Scientific Production), an interdisciplinary electronic publication, from a historical perspective. Its aims and expectations will be described. In view of the need to disseminate scientific production from the various areas of knowledge, it was created with the aim of publicizing the scientific productions of teachers, students and professionals. The work is methodologically qualitative, with documentary and bibliographic methods.
"param_card.SM.GG.onestepCC.dat" of "Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2021

description: SLHA file for benchmark signal (gluino pair production)
description: No data abstract available.