cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quadratic Gravity and Restricted Weyl Symmetry
Creators: name: Kamimura, Arata
name: Oda, Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relationship between quadratic gravity and a restricted Weyl symmetry where a gauge parameter $Ω(x)$ of Weyl transformation satisfies a constraint $\Box Ω= 0$ in a curved space-time. First, we briefly review a model with a restricted gauge symmetry on the basis of QED where a $U(1)$ gauge parameter $θ(x)$ obeys a similar constraint $\Box θ= 0$ in a flat Minkowski space-time, and explain that the restricted gauge symmetry removes one on-shell mode of gauge field, which together with the Feynman gauge leaves only two transverse polarizations as physical states. Next, it is shown that the restricted Weyl symmetry also eliminates one component of a dipole field in quadratic gravity around a flat Minkowski background, leaving only a single scalar state. Finally, we show that the restricted Weyl symmetry cannot remove any dynamical degrees of freedom in static background metrics by using the zero-energy theorem of quadratic gravity. This fact also holds for the Euclidean background metrics without imposing the static condition.
description: 18 pages
Lisa dorada – Chalcides viridanus (Gravenhorst, 1851)
Creators: name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Publisher: name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Year: 2015

description: Reptiles - Orden Squamata - Familia Scincidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 9-05-2007, 19-03-2008; 4-08-2009
description: A comprehensive review of the natural history of the West Canary skink Chalcides viridanus in Spain.
Correlations between morphology, crystal structure and magnetization of epitaxial cobalt-platinum films grown with pulsed laser ablation
Creators: name: Rakshit, R. K.
name: Bose, S. K.
name: Sharma, R.
name: Budhani, R. C.
name: Vijaykumar, T.
name: Neena, S. J.
name: Kulkarni, G. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of growth rate (G_r), deposition temperature (T_d), film thickness (t_F), and substrate induced strain (epsilon) on morphological, crystallographic and magnetic characteristics of equiatomic CoPt epitaxial films synthesized with PLD are investigated. The (001) substrates of MgO, STO and LAO provide different degree of epitaxial strain for growth of the disordered face centered cubic (fcc) and ordered face centered tetragonal (L1_0) phases of CoPt. The films deposited at T_d~600 ^0C on all three substrates are fcc with in-plane magnetization and a narrow hysteresis loop of width~200 Oe. The L1_0 phase, stabilized only at T_d~700 ^0C becomes predominantly c-axis oriented as T_d is increased to 800 ^0C. While the crystallographic structure of the films depends solely on the T_d, their microstructure and magnetization characteristics are decided by the growth rate. At the higher G_r (~1A/sec) the L1_0 films have a maze-like structure which converts to a continuous film as the t_F is increased from 20 to 50 nm. The H_c of these films increases as the L1_0 phase fraction grows with T_d and its orientation becomes out of the film plane. The evolution of microstructure with T_d is remarkably different at lower growth rate (~0.4A /sec). Here the structure changes from a self-similar fractal pattern to an assembly of nano-dots as the T_d is raised from 700 to 800 ^0C, and is understood in terms of the imbalance between strain and interfacial energies. MFM of such films reveals no distinct domain walls within the nano-islands while a clear contrast is seen between the islands of reversed magnetization. The simple picture of coherent rotation of moment appears incompatible with the time dependence of the remanent magnetization in these films.
description: 10 figures
Additional file 2 of Vascular involvement in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is associated with spirometry obstructive impairment
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Asako
name: Naito, Akira
name: Jujo-Sanada, Takayuki
name: Tanabe, Nobuhiro
name: Ishida, Keiichi
name: Matsumiya, Goro
name: Suda, Rika
name: Kasai, Hajime
name: Sekine, Ayumi
name: Sugiura, Toshihiko
name: Shigeta, Ayako
name: Sakao, Seiichiro
name: Tatsumi, Koichiro
name: Suzuki, Takuji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Correlation of pulmonary hemodynamics with respiratory impedance parameters in CTEPH patients. *p
Impact of the primordial fluctuation power spectrum on the reionization history
Creators: name: Minoda, Teppei
name: Yoshiura, Shintaro
name: Takahashi, Tomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that observations of the reionization history can be used as a probe of primordial density fluctuations, particularly on small scales. Although the primordial curvature perturbations are well constrained from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and large-scale structure, these observational data probe the curvature perturbations only on large scales, and hence its information on smaller scales will give us further insight on primordial fluctuations. Since the formation of early galaxies is sensitive to the amplitude of small-scale perturbations, and then, in turn, gives an impact on the reionization history, one can probe the primordial power spectrum on small scales through observations of reionization. In this work, we focus on the running spectral indices of the primordial power spectrum to characterize the small-scale perturbations, and investigate their impact on the reionization history using the numerical code \texttt{21cmFAST}, which adopts a simple but commonly used reionization model. We also derive the constraints on the running spectral indices from observations of the reionization history indicated by the luminosity function of the Lyman-$α$ emitters. We show that the reionization history, in combination with large-scale observations such as CMB, would be a useful tool to investigate primordial density fluctuations.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, published in PRD
CRITERION VALIDATION OF 'ASD RELATED  ITEMS' IN INCLENNDST –  RESEARCH FORM AGAINST AIIMS   MODIFIED INDT-ASD AS GOLD STANDARD
Creators: name: Indian Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics (Official Journal of IAP Chapter of Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics)
Publisher: name: Journal of IAP Chapter of Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
Year: 2024
Subjects: ASD, NDST, INDT-ASD, Psychometric properties.

description: Abstract:Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an important developmental    disorder    worldwide    with    a prevalence  of  0.09%  -  1.07%,  in  the  Southeast Asia population including India.Objectives:  The  primary  objective  of  the  study was  criterion  validation  of  ‘ASD-related  items’ in  NDST  as  a  screening  tool  for  ASD  against AIIMS-modified  INDT-ASD  as  gold  standard and to calculate sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, diagnostic accuracy, and likelihood ratios. Methodology:   This   is   a   descriptive   study   - diagnostic  test  evaluation,  which  was  carried out from January- July 2022, at NIMS Spectrum -  CDRC,  Thiruvananthapuram,  a  tertiary  care center   for   children   with   neurodevelopmental problems.  Fifty  children,  who  came  to  CDRC with  suspected  developmental  problems  were screened  with  ASD-related  items  in  NDST  by an   experienced   Developmental   therapist   and
Nonequilibrium critical dynamics of the two-dimensional $\pm J$ Ising model
Creators: name: Agrawal, Ramgopal
name: Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
name: Faoro, Lara
name: Ioffe, Lev B.
name: Picco, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $\pm J$ Ising model is a simple frustrated spin model, where the exchange couplings independently take the discrete value $-J$ with probability $p$ and $+J$ with probability $1-p$. It is especially appealing due to its connection to quantum error correcting codes. Here, we investigate the nonequilibrium critical behavior of the two-dimensional $\pm J$ Ising model, after a quench from different initial conditions to a critical point $T_c(p)$ on the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic (PF) transition line, especially, above, below and at the multicritical Nishimori point (NP). The dynamical critical exponent $z_c$ seems to exhibit non-universal behavior for quenches above and below the NP, which is identified as a pre-asymptotic feature due to the repulsive fixed point at the NP. Whereas, for a quench directly to the NP, the dynamics reaches the asymptotic regime with $z_c \simeq 6.02(6)$. We also consider the geometrical spin clusters (of like spin signs) during the critical dynamics. Each universality class on the PF line is uniquely characterized by the stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) with corresponding parameter $κ$. Moreover, for the critical quenches from the paramagnetic phase, the model, irrespective of the frustration, exhibits an emergent critical percolation topology at the large length scales.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures
The Stellar, Gas and Dynamical Masses of Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2
Creators: name: Erb, Dawn K.
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Pettini, Max
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Adelberger, Kurt L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of the near-infrared spectra of 114 rest-frame UV-selected star-forming galaxies at z~2. By combining the H-alpha spectra with photometric measurements from observed 0.3--8 micron, we assess the relationships between kinematics, dynamical masses, inferred gas fractions, and stellar masses and ages. The H-alpha line widths give a mean dynamical mass M_dyn=6.9 +/- 0.6 x 10^10 Msun within a typical radius of ~6 kpc, after excluding AGN. The average dynamical mass is ~2 times larger than the average stellar mass, and the two agree to within a factor of several for most objects. However, ~15% of the sample has M_dyn >> M_star. These objects are best fit by young stellar populations and tend to have high H-alpha equivalent widths, suggesting that they are young starbursts with large gas masses. Rest-frame optical luminosity and velocity dispersion are correlated with 4 sigma significance. Using the local empirical correlation between star formation rate per unit area and gas surface density, we estimate the mass of the gas associated with star formation, and find a mean gas fraction of ~50% and a strong decrease in gas fraction with increasing stellar mass. The masses of gas and stars combined are considerably better correlated with the dynamical masses than are the stellar masses alone, and agree to within a factor of three for 85% of the sample. The combination of kinematic measurements, estimates of gas masses, and stellar population properties suggest that the factor of ~500 range in stellar mass across the sample cannot be fully explained by intrinsic differences in the total masses of the galaxies, which vary by a factor of ~40; the remaining variation is due to the evolution of the stellar population and the conversion of gas into stars. [Abridged]
description: 29 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Lagarto gigante de Gran Canaria – Gallotia stehlini (Schenkel, 1901)
Creators: name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Publisher: name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Year: 2015

description: Reptiles - Orden Squamata - Familia Lacertidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 31-05-2007; 4-09-2009
description: A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Gran Canaria Giant lizard Gallotia stehlini in Spain.
On the difference between Herbig Ae and Herbig Be stars
Creators: name: Mottram, J. C.
name: Vink, J. S.
name: Oudmaijer, R. D.
name: Patel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present linear spectropolarimetric data for eight Herbig Be and four Herbig Ae stars at H alpha, H beta and H gamma. Changes in the linear polarisation are detected across all Balmer lines for a large fraction of the observed objects, confirming that the small-scale regions surrounding these objects are flattened (i.e. disk-like). Furthermore, all objects with detections show similar characteristics at the three spectral lines, despite differences in transition probability and optical depth going from H alpha to H gamma. A large fraction of early Herbig Be stars (B0-B3) observed show line depolarisation effects. However the early Herbig Ae stars (A0-A2), observed for comparison, show intrinsic line polarisation signatures. Our data suggest that the popular magnetic accretion scenario for T Tauri objects may be extended to Herbig Ae stars, but that it may not be extended to early Herbig Be stars, for which the available data are consistent with disc accretion.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Accurate time-domain gravitational waveforms for extreme-mass-ratio binaries
Creators: name: Burko, Lior M.
name: Khanna, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of time-domain solutions of the inhomogeneous Teukolsky equation is improved significantly. Comparing energy fluxes in gravitational waves with highly accurate frequency-domain results for circular equatorial orbits in Schwarzschild and Kerr, we find agreement to within 1% or better, which we believe can be even further improved. We apply our method to orbits for which frequency-domain calculations have a relative disadvantage, specifically high-eccentricity (elliptical and parabolic) "zoom-whirl" orbits, and find the energy fluxes, waveforms, and characteristic strain in gravitational waves.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; Changes: some errors corrected. Comparison with Frequency-domain now done in stronger field
Register-based Census in Thailand: a Case Study in Chachoengsao Province
Creators: name: Charoenruk, Nuttirudee
name: Asavaroungpipop, Narongrid
name: Pattanapradit, Pannee
name: Ku-kiattikun, Kittiya
name: Amornbunchornvej, Chainarong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; J.4; K.4; H.2.8
subject: 62-08, 62P25, 62D05

description: The use of registers has been increasingly popular in the field of population census because of its advantages over the traditional census. While the traditional census requires a large amount of fieldwork and data collection, the registered-based census can rely on pre-existing administrative data. As a result, the register-based census can save both time and budget. Thailand explored a use of the register-based census in 2020. In this paper, the authors layout the methodology in an aspect of data preparation and integration as well as analyze data quality of the register-based census compared with the traditional census in Chachoengsao province, Thailand. In addition, we compared conceptual frameworks that are commonly used for a register-based census in several countries and the number of databases (a recent single database VS multiple databases) used to construct the register-based census. We found that using a conceptual framework that counts the number of populations based on the main census variables on a single recent database is better than using a framework that counts population who appears on many registers in term of overcoverage and data distribution regarding to sex. This provides the evidence of using one recent and complete database is sufficient for conducting the register-based census. The authors end up with recommendations for conducing the register-based census.
description: The first prototype of Register-based census of Thailand
Lavandera cascadeña – Motacilla cinerea Tunstall, 1771
Creators: name: Palomino, David
name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
name: Carrascal, Luis M.
Publisher: name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Year: 2016

description: Aves - Orden Passeriformes - Familia Motacillidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 1-08-2003; 9-03-2007; 18-03-2008; 23-10-2012
description: A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea in Spain.
Gamma-Ray Burst Precursors as the Remnant of the Thermal Radiation Initially Trapped in the Fireball
Creators: name: Li, Li-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard fireball model of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the fireball starts with an optically thick phase. As it expands, the fireball becomes optically thin at some stage. The thermal radiation trapped in the originally opaque fireball then leaks out, producing a transient event. The appearance of the event is investigated in the framework of a homogeneous, spherically symmetric, and freely expanding fireball produced instantly by an explosive process without continuous injection of mass and energy. We find that, generally, the event has a time-duration shorter than that of the main burst, which is presumably produced by the internal shock after the fireball becomes optically thin. The event is separated from the main burst by a quiescent time-interval, and is weaker than the main burst at least in a high energy band. Hence, the event corresponds to a GRB precursor. The precursor event predicted by our model has a smooth and FRED (Fast Rise and Exponential Decay) shape lightcurve, and a quasi-thermal spectrum. Typically, the characteristic blackbody photon energy is in the X-ray band. However, if the distortion of the blackbody spectrum by electron scattering is considered, the characteristic photon energy could be boosted to the gamma-ray band. Our model may explain a class of observed GRB precursors--those having smooth and FRED-shape lightcurves and quasi-thermal spectra.
description: 18 pages, including 13 figures. MNRAS accepted. An error in the boundary of the integral over theta for the flux density, luminosity etc is corrected. Figs. 5-13 are replotted. Main conclusions are not changed
Response of a Liquid $^3$He Neutron Detector
Creators: name: Sharbaugh, A. E.
name: Jones, L.
name: Villano, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^3$He(n,p) process is excellent for neutron detection between thermal and $\sim$4\,MeV because of the high cross section and near-complete energy transfer from the neutron to the proton. This process is typically used in gaseous forms with ionization readout detectors. Here we study the response of a liquid $^3$He neutron detector with a scintillation readout. We anticipate an efficiency boost of around a factor of 64 compared to 10\,atm gaseous detectors, given similar detector volumes.
description: 10 pages, 1 table, 8 figures
A Compact Supermassive Binary Black Hole System
Creators: name: Rodriguez, C.
name: Taylor, G. B.
name: Zavala, R. T.
name: Peck, A. B.
name: Pollack, L. K.
name: Romani, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of a supermassive binary black hole system in the radio galaxy 0402+379, with a projected separation between the two black holes of just 7.3 pc. This is the closest black hole pair yet found by more than two orders of magnitude. These results are based upon recent multi-frequency observations using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) which reveal two compact, variable, flat-spectrum, active nuclei within the elliptical host galaxy of 0402+379. Multi-epoch observations from the VLBA also provide constraints on the total mass and dynamics of the system. Low spectral resolution spectroscopy using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope indicates two velocity systems with a combined mass of the two black holes of ~1.5 x 10^8 solar masses. The two nuclei appear stationary while the jets emanating from the weaker of the two nuclei appear to move out and terminate in bright hot spots. The discovery of this system has implications for the number of close binary black holes that might be sources of gravitational radiation. Green Bank Telescope observations at 22 GHz to search for water masers in this interesting system are also presented.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal
Linear response in large deviations theory: A method to compute non-equilibrium distributions
Creators: name: Freitas, Nahuel
name: Falasco, Gianmaria
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider thermodynamically consistent autonomous Markov jump processes displaying a macroscopic limit in which the logarithm of the probability distribution is proportional to a scale-independent rate function (i.e., a large deviations principle is satisfied). In order to provide an explicit expression for the probability distribution valid away from equilibrium, we propose a linear response theory performed at the level of the rate function. We show that the first order non-equilibrium contribution to the steady state rate function, $g(x)$, satisfies $u(x)\cdot \nabla g(x) = -β\dot W(x)$ where the vector field $u(x)$ defines the macroscopic deterministic dynamics, and the scalar field $\dot W(x)$ equals the rate at which work is performed on the system in a given state $x$. This equation provides a practical way to determine $g(x)$, significantly outperforms standard linear response theory applied at the level of the probability distribution, and approximates the rate function surprisingly well in some far-from-equilibrium conditions. The method applies to a wealth of physical and chemical systems, that we exemplify by two analytically tractable models - an electrical circuit and an autocatalytic chemical reaction network - both undergoing a non-equilibrium transition from a monostable phase to a bistable phase. Our approach can be easily generalized to transient probabilities and non-autonomous dynamics. Moreover, its recursive application generates a virtual flow in the probability space which allows to determine the steady state rate function arbitrarily far from equilibrium.
Additional file 3 of Vascular involvement in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is associated with spirometry obstructive impairment
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Asako
name: Naito, Akira
name: Jujo-Sanada, Takayuki
name: Tanabe, Nobuhiro
name: Ishida, Keiichi
name: Matsumiya, Goro
name: Suda, Rika
name: Kasai, Hajime
name: Sekine, Ayumi
name: Sugiura, Toshihiko
name: Shigeta, Ayako
name: Sakao, Seiichiro
name: Tatsumi, Koichiro
name: Suzuki, Takuji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Effects of pulmonary endarterectomy on the respiratory function. *p
The development and promotion of sharing between siblings : effects of parent behavior
Creators: name: Tiedemann, Georgia Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Toy sharing and sibling interaction are major contexts for young children's developing social skills. This study examined the effects of parenting on sharing between siblings, and the effectiveness of a 5-session parenting programme in promoting sharing. Forty-eight mothers with two preschoolers participated. Each family was assessed before and after the parenting programme and at a 6-week follow-up. The mother completed measures of her parenting approach and reported on her children's behavior. The children were interviewed to obtain cognitive measures. Interactions of the mother and two children were observed in a laboratory playroom. Fathers and preschool teachers also reported on the children's behavior. Two parts of the study used data collected at the first assessment. First, multivariate analyses showed significant correlations between mother behaviors and those of the children, and between the two children. Second, the immediate effects of parenting on children's sharing were explored by manipulating the mother's activities. Children exhibited more appropriate sharing when the mother was free to interact with them than when she was busy with paperwork. The third part of the study examined the effects of two formats of a parent-training programme on sibling sharing. Families were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: individual programme, group programme, or waiting-list control. The programme provided parents with information about the development of sharing and sibling relationships and taught behavioral parenting techniques to use in promoting the development of child sharing skills. Positive effects of the sharing programme on siblings' sharing-related behavior were clearly demonstrated. These effects were seen to generalize across informants and across behaviors, but not across informants and behaviors combined. Treatment effects were maintained over a follow-up period. Although mothers demonstrated increased knowledge of the content covered by the programme and rated it highly, they did not demonstrate or report significant changes in their own parenting approach on the original measures. Mixed results were obtained concerning the two treatment formats. For observations of child behavior, only the individual format showed superiority over the control condition. The two formats did not differ in treatment effects found on most questionnaire measures. Mothers' reports of decreased behavior problems among younger children and a few tentative findings from child interview measures suggested superiority of the group format. Overall, this study demonstrated both strong relationships between the sharing-related behavior of children, and correlational and causal relationships between mother behavior and sibling sharing. A parent-training intervention was demonstrated to have positive effects on children's sharing behaviors, and these effects generalized over situations, behaviors and time.
U.S.-State Agricultural Data
Creators: name: Womack, Letricia M.
name: Traub, Larry G.
name: Womack, Letricia M.
name: Traub, Larry G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Farms
subject: farm income
subject: equity
subject: production

description: This report presents agricultural information for each State and the United States. Included are data on population. land use, agricultural production, farm income, value of assets on farms, and selected characteristics of farms such as size, tenure, and farm organization. The primary data sources are the 1982 Census of Agriculture, the Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector: State Financial Summary, 1985. and Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States, March/April 1986. The latter two are published by the Economic Research Service. Unless otherwise stated, data are for 1982.
Emulsion Cloud Chamber technique to measure the fragmentation of a high-energy carbon beam
Creators: name: De Lellis, G.
name: Buontempo, S.
name: Di Capua, F.
name: Marotta, A.
name: Migliozzi, P.
name: Petukhov, Y.
name: Pistillo, C.
name: Russo, A.
name: Lavina, L. Scotto
name: Strolin, P.
name: Tioukov, V.
name: Ariga, A.
name: Naganawa, N.
name: Toshito, T.
name: Furusawa, Y.
name: Yasuda, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beams of Carbon nuclei are used or planned to be used in various centers for cancer treatment around the world because of their therapeutic advantages over proton beams. The knowledge of the fragmentation of Carbon nuclei when they interact with the human body is important to evaluate the spatial profile of their energy deposition in the tissues, hence the damage to the tissues neighboring the tumor. In this respect, the identification of the fragmentation products is a key element. We present in this paper the charge measurement of about 3000 fragments produced by the interaction of $^{12}$C nuclei with an energy of 400 MeV/nucleon in a detector simulating the density of the human body. The nuclear emulsion technique is used, by means of the so-called Emulsion Cloud Chamber. In order to achieve the large dynamical range required for the charge measurement, the recently developed techniques of the emulsion controlled fading are used. The nuclear emulsions are inspected using fast automated microscopes recently developed. A charge assignment efficiency of more than 99% is achieved. The separation of Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Berillium, Boron and Carbon can be achieved at two standard deviations or considerably more, according to the track length available for the measurement.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Feedback cooling of the normal modes of a massive electromechanical system to submillikelvin temperature
Creators: name: Vinante, A.
name: Bignotto, M.
name: Bonaldi, M.
name: Cerdonio, M.
name: Conti, L.
name: Falferi, P.
name: Liguori, N.
name: Longo, S.
name: Mezzena, R.
name: Ortolan, A.
name: Prodi, G. A.
name: Salemi, F.
name: Taffarello, L.
name: Vedovato, G.
name: Vitale, S.
name: Zendri, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a feedback cooling technique to simultaneously cool the three electromechanical normal modes of the ton-scale resonant-bar gravitational wave detector AURIGA. The measuring system is based on a dc Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) amplifier, and the feedback cooling is applied electronically to the input circuit of the SQUID. Starting from a bath temperature of 4.2 K, we achieve a minimum temperature of 0.17 mK for the coolest normal mode. The same technique, implemented in a dedicated experiment at subkelvin bath temperature and with a quantum limited SQUID, could allow to approach the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale mechanical resonator.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Galactic cosmic ray transport in the absence of resonant scattering
Creators: name: Pezzi, O.
name: Blasi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic cosmic ray transport relies on the existence of turbulence on scales comparable with the gyration radius of the particles and with wavenumber vector oriented along the local magnetic field. In the standard picture, in which turbulence is injected at large scales and cascades down to smaller scales, it is all but guaranteed that the turbulent fluctuations at the scales relevant for resonant scattering may be present, either because of anisotropic cascading or because of the onset of damping processes. This raises questions on the nature of cosmic-ray scattering, especially at energies $\gtrsim 1$ TeV, where self-generation is hardly relevant. Here, by means of numerical simulations of charged test-particles in a prescribed magnetic field, we perform a gedankenexperiment aimed at investigating particle diffusion in a situation in which turbulence is mainly present at large scales, and discuss possible implications of this setup for cosmic-ray transport phenomenology.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Beyond the Signs: Nonparametric Tensor Completion via Sign Series
Creators: name: Lee, Chanwoo
name: Wang, Miaoyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of tensor estimation from noisy observations with possibly missing entries. A nonparametric approach to tensor completion is developed based on a new model which we coin as sign representable tensors. The model represents the signal tensor of interest using a series of structured sign tensors. Unlike earlier methods, the sign series representation effectively addresses both low- and high-rank signals, while encompassing many existing tensor models -- including CP models, Tucker models, single index models, several hypergraphon models -- as special cases. We show that the sign tensor series is theoretically characterized, and computationally estimable, via classification tasks with carefully-specified weights. Excess risk bounds, estimation error rates, and sample complexities are established. We demonstrate the outperformance of our approach over previous methods on two datasets, one on human brain connectivity networks and the other on topic data mining.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures
Interactions enhance dispersion in fluctuating channels via emergent flows
Creators: name: Wang, Yating
name: Dean, David S.
name: Marbach, Sophie
name: Zakine, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding particle motion in narrow channels is essential to guide progress in numerous applications, from filtration to vascular transport. Thermal or active fluctuations of channel walls for fluid-filled channels can slow down or increase the dispersion of tracer particles. Entropic trapping in the wall bulges slows dispersion, and hydrodynamic flows induced by wall fluctuations enhance dispersion. Previous studies primarily concentrated on the case of a single Brownian tracer either embedded in an incompressible fluid or in the ideal case where the presence of fluid is ignored. Here we address the question of what happens when there is a large ensemble of interacting Brownian tracers -- a common situation in applications. Introducing repulsive interactions between the tracer particles, while ignoring the presence of a background fluid, leads to an effective flow field. This flow field enhances tracer dispersion, a phenomenon strongly reminiscent of that seen in incompressible background fluid. We characterise the dispersion by the long-time diffusion coefficient of a single tracer, numerically and analytically with a mean-field density functional analysis. We find a surprising effect where an increased particle density enhances the diffusion coefficient, challenging the notion that crowding effects tend to reduce diffusion. Here, inter-particle interactions push particles closer to the fluctuating channel walls. Then, interactions between the fluctuating wall and the now-nearby particles drive particle mixing. Our mechanism is sufficiently general that we expect it to apply to various systems. In addition, the perturbation theory we derive quantifies dispersion in generic advection-diffusion systems with arbitrary spatiotemporal drift.
description: 18 pages + Appendices + Supplemental Material
Hawking temperature for various kinds of black holes from Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Scardigli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hawking temperature is computed for a large class of black holes (with spherical, toroidal and hyperboloidal topologies) using only laws of classical physics plus the "classical" Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. This principle is shown to be fully sufficient to get the result, and there is no need to this scope of a Generalized Uncertainty Principle.
description: LaTex file, 7 pages, 2 figures
The Imagined Geographies of Collecting: Displaying Classical Antiquity in Danish Museums
Creators: name: Funder, Lærke Maria Andersen
name: Kristensen, Troels Myrup
name: Nørskov, Vinnie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Chapter 3 of "Classical Heritage and European Identities: The Imagined Geographies of Danish Classicism" (2009).
Quantum reaction-limited reaction-diffusion dynamics of annihilation processes
Creators: name: Perfetto, Gabriele
name: Carollo, Federico
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum reaction-diffusion dynamics of fermionic particles which coherently hop in a one-dimensional lattice and undergo annihilation reactions. The latter are modelled as dissipative processes which involve losses of pairs $2A \to \emptyset$, triplets $3A \to \emptyset$, and quadruplets $4A \to \emptyset$ of neighbouring particles. When considering classical particles, the corresponding decay of their density in time follows an asymptotic power-law behavior. The associated exponent in one dimension is different from the mean-field prediction whenever diffusive mixing is not too strong and spatial correlations are relevant. This specifically applies to $2A\to \emptyset$, while the mean-field power-law prediction just acquires a logarithmic correction for $3A \to \emptyset$ and is exact for $4A \to \emptyset$. A mean-field approach is also valid, for all the three processes, when the diffusive mixing is strong, i.e., in the so-called reaction-limited regime. Here, we show that the picture is different for quantum systems. We consider the quantum reaction-limited regime and we show that for all the three processes power-law behavior beyond mean field is present as a consequence of quantum coherences, which are not related to space dimensionality. The decay in $3A\to \emptyset$ is further, highly intricate, since the power-law behavior therein only appears within an intermediate time window, while at long times the density decay is not power-law. Our results show that emergent critical behavior in quantum dynamics has a markedly different origin, based on quantum coherences, to that applying to classical critical phenomena, which is, instead, solely determined by the relevance of spatial correlations.
description: 17 pages: 10 pages main text, 5 pages appendices and 2 pages bibliography. 6 figures: 4 figures in main text, 2 figures in the appendices
Supersymmetric Jarlskog Invariants: the Neutrino Sector
Creators: name: Dreiner, Herbi K.
name: Kim, Jong Soo
name: Lebedev, Oleg
name: Thormeier, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the notion of the Jarlskog invariant to supersymmetric models with right--handed neutrinos. This allows us to formulate basis--independent necessary and sufficient conditions for CP conservation in such models.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Soil Erosion by Water
Creators: name: Soil Conservation Service
name: Soil Conservation Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report Foreword: Erosion is the wearing away of the soil by water, wind, and other forces. Soil erosion is at once the greatest threat to the Nation's soil productivity and the largest source of pollutants in our waterways. Water causes about two-thirds of the erosion on our agricultural land. This booklet was written for anyone interested in knowing how water erosion happens and why we must get erosion under control.
Extension of Levi-flat hypersurfaces past CR boundaries
Creators: name: Lebl, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32V25; 32D15

description: Local conditions on boundaries of $C^\infty$ Levi-flat hypersurfaces, in case the boundary is a generic submanifold, are studied. For nontrivial real analytic boundaries we get an extension and uniqueness result, which forces the hypersurface to be real analytic. This allows us to classify all real analytic generic boundaries of Levi-flat hypersurfaces in terms of their normal coordinates. For the remaining case of generic real analytic boundary we get a weaker extension theorem. We find examples to show that these two extension results are optimal. Further, a class of nowhere minimal real analytic submanifolds is found, which is never the boundary of even a $C^2$ Levi-flat hypersurface.
description: 15 pages; latex, amsrefs; fix statement and proof of theorem 3.1; accepted in Indiana Univ. Math. J
Spreading of thermonuclear flames on the neutron star in SAX J1808.4-3658: an observational tool
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Sudip
name: Strohmayer, Tod E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse archival Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) proportional counter array (PCA) data of thermonuclear X-ray bursts from the 2002 outburst of the accreting millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658. We present evidence of nonmonotonic variations of oscillation frequency during burst rise, and correlations among the time evolution of the oscillation frequency, amplitude, and the inferred burning region area. We also discuss that the amplitude and burning region area evolutions are consistent with thermonuclear flame spreading on the neutron star surface. Based on this discussion, we infer that for the 2002 Oct. 15 thermonuclear burst, the ignition likely occured in the mid-latitudes, the burning region took ~ 0.2 s to nearly encircle the equatorial region of the neutron star, and after that the lower amplitude oscillation originated from the remaining asymmetry of the burning front in the same hemisphere where the burst ignited. Our observational findings and theoretical discussion indicate that studies of the evolution of burst oscillation properties during burst rise can provide a powerful tool to understand thermonuclear flame spreading on neutron star surfaces under extreme physical conditions.
description: 12 pages, 1 table, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Sublattice synchronization of chaotic networks with delayed couplings
Creators: name: Kestler, Johannes
name: Kinzel, Wolfgang
name: Kanter, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synchronization of chaotic units coupled by their time delayed variables are investigated analytically. A new type of cooperative behavior is found: sublattice synchronization. Although the units of one sublattice are not directly coupled to each other, they completely synchronize without time delay. The chaotic trajectories of different sublattices are only weakly correlated but not related by generalized synchronization. Nevertheless, the trajectory of one sublattice is predictable from the complete trajectory of the other one. The spectra of Lyapunov exponents are calculated analytically in the limit of infinite delay times, and phase diagrams are derived for different topologies.
The Role of Intellectual Virtues in the Development of the Science Teacher: An Initial Provocation
Creators: name: Bates, G.
name: Connolly, S.
Publisher: name: The School of Education and Communities, University of East London
Year: 2019

description: Initial, informal observations of work with pre-service chemistry and other science teachers suggest that a number of intellectual virtues are required, alongside a shift in identity, in order to help secondary school science students negotiate the pathway from ‘science learner’ to ‘scientist’. This article explores these virtues, the ontological shift that accompanies them and pedagogical suggestions for how these attributes might be promoted in a programme of pre-service training, along with suggestions for further empirical research which might form the basis of further investigation into these initial observations.
Dynamic simulation and control of teleoperated heavy-duty hydraulic manipulators
Creators: name: Sepehri, Nariman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Some relevant aspects of dynamics and control of heavy-duty hydraulic machines in a teleoperated mode were investigated. These machines, such as excavators and forest harvesters, are mostly used in primary industries. They have a manipulator-like structure with a nonlinear and coupled actuating system. The aim of the project is to investigate different approaches towards converting such machines, with minimum changes, into task-oriented human-supervisory control systems. This provides the opportunity to use both human supervision and robotic power in hazardous environments and for tasks for which human decision is necessary. A methodology was developed for fast and accurate simulations. Analytical, steady-state and numerical techniques were combined using Large-Scale Systems analysis. The inclusion of nonlinearities in the form of discontinuities (e.g., gear backlash and stick-slip friction) in the model was investigated. Numerical simplifications of the structural dynamics and alternative solutions for the hydraulic part were also studied. The model describing the performance of the machine has been written in ACSL (Advanced Continuous Simulation Language) on a VAX computer system. A modified version of the program is at present running close to real-time on a single processor in conjunction with high speed graphics in a manner similar to a flight simulator used for human interface studies and training. The model also evaluates the performance of the machine in a teleoperated mode and under different control strategies. As a result a velocity control algorithm has been developed which is applied in conjunction with the closed-loop components for teleoperation of heavy-duty hydraulic machines; it is basically a feedforward compensation which uses the measured hydraulic line pressures along with fluid-flow equations as criteria to control the joint velocities as well as to uncouple the interconnected actuating system. The control algorithm has been written in C language and is running on an IRONICS computer system, interfaced between the human operator and the machine. The simulation results are supported by the experimental evidence. The experiments were performed on a Caterpillar 215B excavator. Improved operator safety, extension of human capability, job quality and productivity increase are the advantages of a successful implementation of robotic technology to these industrial machines.