cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A memory-induced diffusive-superdiffusive transition: ensemble and time-averaged observables
Creators: name: Budini, Adrian A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ensemble properties and time-averaged observables of a memory-induced diffusive-superdiffusive transition are studied. The model consists in a random walker whose transitions in a given direction depend on a weighted linear combination of the number of both right and left previous transitions. The diffusion process is nonstationary and its probability develops the phenomenon of aging. Depending on the characteristic memory parameters, the ensemble behavior may be normal, superdiffusive, or ballistic. In contrast, the time-averaged mean squared displacement is equal to that of a normal undriven random walk, which renders the process non-ergodic. In addition, and similarly to Levy walks [Godec and Metzler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 020603 (2013)], for trajectories of finite duration the time-averaged displacement apparently become random with properties that depend on the measurement time and also on the memory properties. These features are related to the non-stationary power-law decay of the transition probabilities to their stationary values. Time-averaged response to a bias is also calculated. In contrast with Levy walks [Froemberg and Barkai, Phys. Rev. E 87, 030104(R) (2013)], the response always vanishes asymptotically.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Molecular Docking, QSAR Properties and DNA/BSA Binding, -proliferative Studies of 6- Methoxy Benzothiozole Imine Base and its Metal Complexes
Creators: name: Mudavath, Ravi
name: B., Ushaiah
name: Prasad, Kishan
name: K., Sudeepa
name: P., Ravindar
name: SNT., Sunitha
name: Devi, Sarala
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The molecular and QSAR (Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship) properties of title compound 2-((6-Methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-ethoxyphenol (HL) were evaluated employing HyperChem 7.5 tools. The interaction of the 1a - 1e complexes of HL with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by absorption titrations, Fluorescence quenching and viscosity measurements. The experimental data suggest that these complexes bind to CT-DNA through an intercalative mode, wherein DNA-binding affinity of 1e is found to be greater compared to other complexes. The tryptophan emission-quenching with bovine serum albumin (BSA) experiment revealed stronger binding of 1e than other complexes in the hydrophobic region of protein. The photocleavage of plasmid pBR322 DNA investigated in the presence of the title complexes inferred conversion of supercoiled form of DNA plasmid to circular nicked form. Free-radical scavenging activity studies of HL and its metal complexes determined by their interaction with the stable free-radical DPPH have shown promising antioxidant property. Further cytotoxicity studies with HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines indicated that the compounds can efficiently inhibit the cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. The DAPI staining assay studies revealed the higher potency of 1e to induce apoptosis.
Crystal Growth and Magneto-transport of Bi2Se3 Single crystals
Creators: name: Awana, Geet
name: Sultana, Rabia
name: Maheshwari, P. K.
name: Goyal, Reena
name: Gahtori, Bhasker
name: Gupta, Anurag
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we report growth and characterization of bulk Bi2Se3 single crystals. The studied Bi2Se3 crystals are grown by self flux method through solid state reaction from high temperature (950C) melt of constituent elements and slow cooling (2C/hour). The resultant crystals are shiny and grown in [00l] direction, as evidenced from surface XRD. Detailed Reitveld analysis of PXRD (powder x-ray diffraction) of the crystals showed that these are crystallized in rhombohedral crystal structure with space group of R3m (D5) and the lattice parameters are a = 4.14(2)A, b = 4.14 (2) A and c = 28.7010(7) A. Temperature versus resistivity (R-T) plots revealed metallic conduction down to 2K, with typical room temperature resistivity (R300K) of around 0.53 mohm-cm and residual resistivity of 0.12 mohm-cm. Resistivity under magnetic field ] measurements exhibited large +Ve magneto resistance right from 2K to 200K. Isothermal magneto resistance [RH] measurements at 2K, 100K and 200K exhibited magneto resistance (MR) of up to 240, 130 and 60 percent respectively at 14 Tesla. Further the MR plots are non saturating and linear with field at all temperature. At 2K the MR plots showed clear quantum oscillations at above say 10 Tesla applied field. Also the Kohler plots i.e., were seen consolidating on one plot. Interestingly, the studied Bi2Se3 single crystal exhibited the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations (SdH) at 2K under different applied magnetic fields ranging from 4Tesla to 14 Tesla
description: 7 pages Text + Figs: Accepted Letter - J. Sup. Novel Mag
Spectral Ergodicity in Deep Learning Architectures via Surrogate Random Matrices
Creators: name: Süzen, Mehmet
name: Weber, Cornelius
name: Cerdà, Joan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work a novel method to quantify spectral ergodicity for random matrices is presented. The new methodology combines approaches rooted in the metrics of Thirumalai-Mountain (TM) and Kullbach-Leibler (KL) divergence. The method is applied to a general study of deep and recurrent neural networks via the analysis of random matrix ensembles mimicking typical weight matrices of those systems. In particular, we examine circular random matrix ensembles: circular unitary ensemble (CUE), circular orthogonal ensemble (COE), and circular symplectic ensemble (CSE). Eigenvalue spectra and spectral ergodicity are computed for those ensembles as a function of network size. It is observed that as the matrix size increases the level of spectral ergodicity of the ensemble rises, i.e., the eigenvalue spectra obtained for a single realisation at random from the ensemble is closer to the spectra obtained averaging over the whole ensemble. Based on previous results we conjecture that success of deep learning architectures is strongly bound to the concept of spectral ergodicity. The method to compute spectral ergodicity proposed in this work could be used to optimise the size and architecture of deep as well as recurrent neural networks.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Minisuperspace quantization of bubbling AdS$_2\times$S$^2$ geometries
Creators: name: Li, Qinglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantize the moduli space of supersymmetric microstates describing four-dimensional black holes with AdS$_2$$\times$S$^2$ asymptotics. To acquire the commutation relations of quantization, we find the symplectic form that is imposed in the Type IIB SUGRA and defined in the space of solutions parameterized by one complex harmonic function in ${R}^3$ with sources distributed along closed curves.
description: 17 pages
Blind source separation of tensor-valued time series
Creators: name: Virta, Joni
name: Nordhausen, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H12, 62M10

description: The blind source separation model for multivariate time series generally assumes that the observed series is a linear transformation of an unobserved series with temporally uncorrelated or independent components. Given the observations, the objective is to find a linear transformation that recovers the latent series. Several methods for accomplishing this exist and three particular ones are the classic SOBI and the recently proposed generalized FOBI (gFOBI) and generalized JADE (gJADE), each based on the use of joint lagged moments. In this paper we generalize the methodologies behind these algorithms for tensor-valued time series. We assume that our data consists of a tensor observed at each time point and that the observations are linear transformations of latent tensors we wish to estimate. The tensorial generalizations are shown to have particularly elegant forms and we show that each of them is Fisher consistent and orthogonal equivariant. Comparing the new methods with the original ones in various settings shows that the tensorial extensions are superior to both their vector-valued counterparts and to two existing tensorial dimension reduction methods for i.i.d. data. Finally, applications to fMRI-data and video processing show that the methods are capable of extracting relevant information from noisy high-dimensional data.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
de Haas-van Alphen measurement of the antiferromagnet URhIn$_5$
Creators: name: Yu, Jing Fei
name: Bartha, Attila
name: Custers, Jeroen
name: Julian, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of a de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) measurement performed on the recently discovered antiferromagnet URhIn$_5$ ($T_N$ = 98 K), a 5\textit{f}-analogue of the well studied heavy fermion antiferromagnet CeRhIn$_5$. The Fermi surface is found to consist of four surfaces: a roughly spherical pocket $β$, with $F_β\simeq 0.3$ kT; a pillow-shaped closed surface, $α$, with $F_α\simeq 1.1$ kT; and two higher frequencies $γ_1$ with $F_{γ_1} \simeq 3.2$ kT and $γ_2$ with $F_{γ_2} \simeq 3.5$ kT that are seen only near the \textit{c}-axis, and that may arise on cylindrical Fermi surfaces. The measured cyclotron masses range from 1.9 $m_e$ to 4.3 $m_e$. A simple LDA+SO calculation performed for the paramagnetic ground state shows a very different Fermi surface topology, demonstrating a need for more advanced electronic structure calculations.
Hawking Radiation of Five-dimensional Charged Black Holes with Scalar Fields
Creators: name: Miao, Yan-Gang
name: Xu, Zhen-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Hawking radiation cascade from the five-dimensional charged black hole with a scalar field coupled to higher-order Euler densities in a conformally invariant manner. We give the semi-analytic calculation of greybody factors for the Hawking radiation. Our analysis shows that the Hawking radiation cascade from this five-dimensional black hole is extremely sparse. The charge enhances the sparsity of the Hawking radiation, while the conformally coupled scalar field reduces this sparsity.
description: v1: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; v2: 12 pages, references and clarifications added, final version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Cortical representations of function versus content words while listening to speech in natural soundscapes at different levels of simulated hearing loss: An fMRI study
Creators: name: Michalke, Leo
name: Al-Zubaidi, Arkan
name: Ruigendijk, Esther
name: Rieger, Jochem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Listening to naturalistic auditory stimuli elicits changes in brain activity which represent processing of speech from simple acoustic features to complex linguistic processes. Here, we used complex linguistic features, namely the distinction between function and content words from a recording of listening to natural speech, to examine the differences in stimulus processing between clear and degraded conditions.

We recorded fMRI data of 30 healthy, normal-hearing participants listening to the audio description of the movie “Forrest Gump” in German (Hanke et al., 2014, doi:10.1038/sdata.2014.3). The audio movie was presented three times in three different recording sessions in eight segments with different levels of simulated hearing loss (CS – clear stimulus, S2 – mild degradation, N4 – heavy degradation). The degraded stimuli were produced according to Bisgaard et al. (2010, doi:10.1177/1084713810379609). In each session, participants listened to the whole movie but with a randomized sequence of stimulus degradation levels.

We used speech annotations for the audio movie provided by Häusler and Hanke (2021, doi:10.12688/f1000research.27621.1) to categorize each spoken word into word classes – function words, content words, and rest (hard to classify, like interjections). These categories were then used as regressors to predict BOLD time courses. We added a word duration regressor, and orthogonalized the other regressors. This allowed us to obtain word class specific activation estimates unbiased by average word length differences between classes. In addition, we did another analysis where pronouns were split from function words into a separate regressor.

Our results indicate distinctive spatial patterns of BOLD activity in response to function versus content words. Function words elicited significant frontal and temporal activations, whereas content words elicited significant parietal activations. Pronouns displayed the same patterns as the other function words, but with larger effect sizes. Word duration explained a lot of the activity in the temporal lobe presumably related to early auditory processing. Most activations remained across stimulus degradation levels, but with smaller effect sizes. The highest degradation level N4 showed some additional effects – with a slight increase in motor cortex activity.

Our study reveals distinct but overlapping cortical representations of content and function words when listening to continuous speech in natural soundscapes with different simulated hearing capabilities. It also points out the importance of accounting for differences in average word length between word classes.

Funding: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2177/1—Project ID 390895286.
Quantum Performance of Thermal Machines over Many Cycles
Creators: name: Watanabe, Gentaro
name: Venkatesh, B. Prasanna
name: Talkner, Peter
name: del Campo, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of quantum heat engines is generally based on the analysis of a single cycle. We challenge this approach by showing that the total work performed by a quantum engine need not be proportional to the number of cycles. Furthermore, optimizing the engine over multiple cycles leads to the identification of scenarios with a quantum enhancement. We demonstrate our findings with a quantum Otto engine based on a two-level system as the working substance that supplies power to an external oscillator.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; published in Phys. Rev. Lett. as an Editors' Suggestion
Unmasking attention: Investigating the competing acoustic and cognitive influences during spatial speech-on-speech listening
Creators: name: Maher, Georgie
name: Knight, Sarah
name: McGarrigle, Ronan
name: Mattys, Sven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: spatial unmasking
energetic masking
working memory
attention
cognitive listening

description: Understanding speech-perception-in-noise (SpiN) requires modelling the interaction between bottom-up (acoustic) factors and top-down (cognitive) processes. However, the precise mechanisms by which cognition supports SpiN are unclear. In particular, the role of working memory (WM) remains debated. Some studies show that high-WM individuals have better SpiN. While this link is broadly established for older and/or hearing-impaired listeners, however, it is much less clear for young, normal-hearing adults. This may be partly due to: (1) the failure of existing studies to assess the multiple components of WM and account for other relevant abilities, such as attentional control; (2) lack of power to exploit the narrow range of individual variability in many WM tests; (3) differing degrees of acoustic difficulty in existing paradigms, usually implemented by manipulating energetic masking (EM; interference between speech and noise at the auditory periphery).

In this study, participants completed a selective listening task in which they were asked to transcribe the speech of one of two simultaneously-presented talkers. We filtered the speech into frequency bands that were either identical or non-overlapping between talkers (EM-present vs. EM-absent). We also manipulated perceived spatial distance between the talkers (collocated, i.e., diotic, vs. +/- 90⁰ azimuth, i.e., dichotic). For EM-present stimuli, this resulted in maximal EM in the collocated condition and minimal EM in the dichotic condition, whereas spatial-attentional demands were maximal in the dichotic condition and minimal in the collocated condition. For EM-absent stimuli, only spatial-attentional demands varied across spatial distance. Participants also undertook a battery of cognitive tasks to assess three key components of WM and attention: phonological loop, executive function and selective/divided attentional control. The study is currently being run online with a target of N=240. Results will be reported at the conference.

For EM-present stimuli, we expect that performance will be better in the dichotic than diotic condition due to spatial release from energetic masking. For EM-absent stimuli, however, we predict that performance will be better in the diotic than dichotic condition due to the cognitive cost of spatial attentional control in the dichotic condition. This hypothesised cognitive cost also leads us to expect that cognitive task scores will be more strongly linked to performance in dichotic than diotic conditions. When EM is severe, we expect that listeners will not be able to restore degraded speech via recruitment of cognitive resources, thus making the link between listening and cognition task scores weakest in the collocated, EM-present condition.
A systematic computational analysis of human matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) crystal structures and structure-based identification of prospective drug candidates as MMP-13 inhibitors repurposable for osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Kumar, Kodidasu Satish
name: Velayutham, Ravichandiran
name: Roy, Kuldeep K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis with no available disease-modifying treatments, and is a major cause of disability. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) is vital for OA progression and thus, inhibition of MMP-13 is an effective strategy to treat OA. Since the past few decades, drug repurposing has gained substantial popularity worldwide as a time- and cost-effective approach to find new indications for the existing drugs. Therefore, more than 40 X-ray co-crystal structures of the human MMP-13 with bound inhibitors are investigated to gain the structural insights such as conserved direct interactions with binding site residues, namely Ala-238, Thr-245 and Thr-247. Afterwards, enrichment study using active and decoy set of ligands revealed three MMP-13 structures (PDB-IDs: 1XUC, 3WV1 and 5BPA) with optimal enrichment performance. Docking-based screening of existing drugs against the three crystal structures followed by binding free-energy calculation suggested drugs namely eltrombopag, cilostazol and domperidone as potential MMP-13 inhibitors that need further experimental validation. These insights may serve as a potential starting point of further experimental validation and structure-based drug design/repurposing of MMP-13 inhibitors for the treatment of OA. Abbreviations2Dtwo-dimensional3Dthree-dimensionalFDAFood and Drug AdministrationMM-GBSAMolecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface AreaMMPsmatrix metalloproteinasesMMP-13matrix metalloproteinase 13NMRnuclear magnetic resonanceOAosteoarthritisPDBProtein Data BankPDB-IDProtein Data Bank IDPLIPprotein–ligand interaction profilerROCreceiver operating characteristic,RMSDroot mean square deviation two-dimensional three-dimensional Food and Drug Administration Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area matrix metalloproteinases matrix metalloproteinase 13 nuclear magnetic resonance osteoarthritis Protein Data Bank Protein Data Bank ID protein–ligand interaction profiler receiver operating characteristic, root mean square deviation Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Sparse modeling approach to analytical continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data
Creators: name: Otsuki, Junya
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
name: Shinaoka, Hiroshi
name: Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new approach of solving the ill-conditioned inverse problem for analytical continuation is proposed. The root of the problem lies in the fact that even tiny noise of imaginary-time input data has a serious impact on the inferred real-frequency spectra. By means of a modern regularization technique, we eliminate redundant degrees of freedom that essentially carry the noise, leaving only relevant information unaffected by the noise. The resultant spectrum is represented with minimal bases and thus a stable analytical continuation is achieved. This framework further provides a tool for analyzing to what extent the Monte Carlo data need to be accurate to resolve details of an expected spectral function.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Exploration of treatment burden through examination of workload and patient capacity during transition onto kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review of qualitative research
Creators: name: Jones, Catrin
name: Cairns, Ross
name: Walker, Heather
name: Welsh, Silje
name: Edgar, Benjamin
name: Stevenson, Karen
name: Jani, Bhautesh D.
name: Mark, Patrick B.
name: Kingsmore, David
name: Gallacher, Katie I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Explication d'un jeu à partir d'un crin de cheval et suite des commentaires pendant la fabrication d'une cigale
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Development of a theoretical model for the inhibition of nsP3 protease of Chikungunya virus using pyranooxazoles
Creators: name: Kumar, Durgesh
name: Kumari, Kamlesh
name: Jayaraj, Abhilash
name: Singh, Prashant
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) and till date no effective medicine for its cure is available in market. Different research groups find various possible interactions between small molecules and non-structural proteins, viz. nsP3, one of the most important viral elements in CHIKV. In this work, authors have studied the interactions of nsP3 protease of CHIKV with pyranooxazoles. Initially, a one-pot three-component reaction was designed using oxazolidine-2,4-dione, benzaldehyde and cyanoethylacetate to get a proposed biological active molecule, i.e. based on pyranooxazoles. The mechanism for the synthesis of the product based on pyranooxazole was studied through density functional theory (DFT) using Gaussian. Then, a library of the obtained pyranooxazole was created through computational tools by varying the substituents. Further, virtual screening of the designed library of pyranooxazoles (200 compounds) against nsP3 protease of CHIKV was performed. Herein, CMPD 104 showed strongest binding affinity toward the targeted nsP3 protease of CHIKV, based on the least binding energy obtained from docking. Based on docking results, the pharmacological, toxicity, biological score and Lipinski’s filters were studied. Further, DFT studies of top five compounds were done using Gaussian. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nsP3 protease of CHIKV with and without 104 was performed using AMBER18 utilizing ff14SB force field in three steps (minimization, equilibration and production). This work is emphasized to designing of one-pot three-component synthesis and to develop a theoretical model to inhibit the nsP3 protease of CHIKV. AbbreviationsCHIKFChikungunya feverCHIKVChikungunya virusDFTdensity functional theoryDSDiscovery StudioMDmolecular dynamicsMM-GBSAmolecular mechanics-generalized born surface areaMMVMolegro molecular viewer Chikungunya fever Chikungunya virus density functional theory Discovery Studio molecular dynamics molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area Molegro molecular viewer Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Geoneutrinos at Jinping: Flux prediction and oscillation analysis
Creators: name: Wan, Linyan
name: Hussain, Ghulam
name: Wang, Zhe
name: Chen, Shaomin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geoneutrinos are electron antineutrinos ($\barν_e$) generated by the beta-decays of radionuclides naturally occurring inside the Earth, in particular $^{238}$U, $^{232}$Th, and $^{40}$K. Measurement of these neutrinos provides powerful constraints on the radiogenic heat of the Earth and tests on the Earth models. Since the prediction of $\barν_e$'s in geoneutrino flux is subject to neutrino oscillation effects, we performed a calculation including detailed oscillation analysis in the propagation of geoneutrinos and reactor neutrinos generated around the Earth. The expected geoneutrino signal, the reactor neutrino background rates and the systematic error budget are provided for a proposed 3-kiloton neutrino detector at the Jinping underground lab in Sichuan, China. In addition, we evaluated sensitivities for the geoneutrino flux, Th/U ratio and power of a possible fission reactor in the interior of Earth.
Additional file 1 of Joint effects of temperature and humidity with PM2.5 on COPD
Creators: name: Tran, Huan Minh
name: Tsai, Feng-Jen
name: Wang, Yuan-Hung
name: Lee, Kang-Yun
name: Chang, Jer-Hwa
name: Chung, Chi-Li
name: Tseng, Chien-Hua
name: Su, Chien-Ling
name: Lin, Yuan-Chien
name: Chen, Tzu-Tao
name: Chen, Kuan-Yuan
name: Ho, Shu-Chuan
name: Yang, Feng-Ming
name: Wu, Sheng-Ming
name: Chung, Kian Fan
name: Ho, Kin-Fai
name: Chuang, Kai-Jen
name: Chuang, Hsiao-Chi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
To appear or to disappear? Investigating change detection in hearing-impaired listeners
Creators: name: Kosminski, Michelle
name: Bilert, Sascha
name: Serman, Maja
name: Hoppe, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: We live in a world where different, complex stimuli constantly compete for our attention. The ability to perceive the appearance or disappearance of a sound (i.e., a change) in a busy environment is crucial for us to feel safe, especially in unfamiliar environments, as we often hear a change before we see it.

Change detection in the auditory domain has so far been investigated mainly with normal-hearing listeners. Brungart et al. were among the few who investigated this ability with normal hearing, as well as unaided and aided hearing-impaired subjects. The task was to identify and localize an appearing or disappearing sound in an auditory scene consisting of multiple everyday sounds, presented in the front hemisphere. The authors show evidence that hearing-impaired listeners perform better unaided than when using their own hearing aids (HA).

We developed a similar experiment, in which we first reproduced Brungart et al.’s results with normal-hearing subjects. However, our experimental design was expanded to include sounds appearing and disappearing from the back hemisphere, thus creating a more realistic setup. This experimental design was then used in a study with 14 hearing-impaired listeners to investigate the influence of hearing loss and the impact of hearing aid processing on change detection abilities. The trials in the experiment consisted of four different everyday sounds played simultaneously, with one of these sounds either appearing or disappearing halfway through the short trial. The sounds in the scene were presented either from the front, back or both hemispheres. Subjects performed the experiment unaided and with two types of HA processing. The task was to identify and localize the appearing or disappearing sound. Additionally, subjects completed a questionnaire assessing their real-life hearing loss problems so as to explore the relevance of change detection in everyday life.

Consistent with previous findings, the subjects performed significantly better in the “appear” change trials compared to “disappear” change trials regarding both sound identification and localization. However, no significant differences were observed between unaided or aided performance. Significant differences were found between aided performance in the sound identification task with two types of HA processing. Additionally, a significant correlation between one of these HA processing and the subjective assessment of real-life hearing loss difficulties points towards the importance of change detection in daily lives of aided hearing-impaired listeners.
Dynamics of viscous cosmologies in the full Israel-Stewart formalism
Creators: name: Lepe, Samuel
name: Otalora, Giovanni
name: Saavedra, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is performed a detailed dynamical analysis for a bulk viscosity model in the full Israel-Stewart formalism for a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe. In our study we have considered the total cosmic fluid constituted by radiation, dark matter and dark energy. The dark matter fluid is treated as an imperfect fluid which has a bulk viscosity that depends on its energy density in the usual form $ξ(ρ_{m})=ξ_{0} ρ_{m}^{1/2}$, whereas the other components are assumed to behave as perfect fluids with constant EoS parameter. We show that the thermal history of the Universe is reproduced provided that the viscous coefficient satisfies the condition $ξ_{0}\ll 1$, either for a zero or a suitable nonzero coupling between dark energy and viscous dark matter. In this case, the final attractor is a dark-energy-dominated, accelerating Universe, with effective EoS parameter in the quintessence-like, cosmological constant-like or phantom-like regime, in agreement with observations. As our main result, we show that in order to obtain a viable cosmological evolution and at the same time alleviating the cosmological coincidence problem via the mechanism of scaling solution, an explicit interaction between dark energy and viscous dark matter seems inevitable. This result is consistent with the well-known fact that models where dark matter and dark energy interact with each other have been proposed to solve the coincidence problem. Furthermore, by insisting in above, we show that in the present context a phantom nature of this interacting dark energy fluid is also favored.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 Tables, Accepted version in PRD
Size and density sorting of dust grains in SPH simulations of protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Pignatale, Francesco C.
name: Gonzalez, Jean-François
name: Cuello, Nicolas
name: Bourdon, Bernard
name: Fitoussi, Caroline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size and density of dust grains determine their response to gas drag in protoplanetary discs. Aerodynamical (size x density) sorting is one of the proposed mechanisms to explain the grain properties and chemical fractionation of chondrites. However, the efficiency of aerodynamical sorting and the location in the disc in which it could occur are still unknown. Although the effects of grain sizes and growth in discs have been widely studied, a simultaneous analysis including dust composition is missing. In this work we present the dynamical evolution and growth of multicomponent dust in a protoplanetary disc using a 3D, two-fluid (gas+dust) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code. We find that the dust vertical settling is characterised by two phases: a density-driven phase which leads to a vertical chemical sorting of dust and a size-driven phase which enhances the amount of lighter material in the midplane. We also see an efficient radial chemical sorting of the dust at large scales. We find that dust particles are aerodynamically sorted in the inner disc. The disc becomes sub-solar in its Fe/Si ratio on the surface since the early stage of evolution but sub-solar Fe/Si can be also found in the outer disc-midplane at late stages. Aggregates in the disc mimic the physical and chemical properties of chondrites, suggesting that aerodynamical sorting played an important role in determining their final structure.
description: Astroph version. MNRAS: Accepted 2017 March 30. Received 2017 March 30; in original form 2016 May 10
Molecular modeling, simulation and principal component analysis of binding of resveratrol and its analogues with DNA
Creators: name: Nair, Maya S
name: Shukla, Aishwarya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Structure-based drug designing has become a significant subject of research, and several clinically promising DNA binding compounds were evolved using this technique. The interaction of an octamer DNA sequence d(CCAATTGG)2 with a natural stilbene, resveratrol and its analogues have been studied using molecular docking method. Out of the ten compounds studied, seven compounds were found to bind to the minor groove of AATT segment of the sequence. Pterostilbene, a natural analogue of resveratrol, showed the lowest binding energy. Rhaponticin, a natural analogue of resveratrol and digalloylresveratrol, a synthetic ester of resveratrol bind to the major groove of the AATT segment while dihydroresveratrol binds to the minor groove of GC terminal base pair. ADMET (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) study showed that all compounds obey Lipinski rule and are accepted as orally active drugs based on different physicochemical descriptors. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the complex with lowest binding energy and trajectory analysis were performed. Principal component analysis has been performed to underline the prominent motions in alone DNA and when it is bound to pterostilbene. AbbreviationsADMETAbsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicityDIGDigalloyl resveratrolDNADeoxyribonucleic acidELElectrostatic energyENPOLARNonpolar solvation energyESURFSurface areaGBGeneralized BornHBAHydrogen bond acceptorsHBDHydrogen bond donorsLGALamarckian genetic algorithmMDMolecular dynamicsPBPoisson-BoltzmannPCAPrincipal component analysisPTPterostilbeneRMSDRoot mean square deviationSASimulated annealingTLX3T-cell leukemia homeobox 3VDWvan der Waals Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity Digalloyl resveratrol Deoxyribonucleic acid Electrostatic energy Nonpolar solvation energy Surface area Generalized Born Hydrogen bond acceptors Hydrogen bond donors Lamarckian genetic algorithm Molecular dynamics Poisson-Boltzmann Principal component analysis Pterostilbene Root mean square deviation Simulated annealing T-cell leukemia homeobox 3 van der Waals Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Superconductivity provides access to the chiral magnetic effect of an unpaired Weyl cone
Creators: name: O'Brien, T. E.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
name: Adagideli, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The massless fermions of a Weyl semimetal come in two species of opposite chirality, in two cones of the band structure. As a consequence, the current $j$ induced in one Weyl cone by a magnetic field $B$ (the chiral magnetic effect, CME) is cancelled in equilibrium by an opposite current in the other cone. Here we show that superconductivity offers a way to avoid this cancellation, by means of a flux bias that gaps out a Weyl cone jointly with its particle-hole conjugate. The remaining gapless Weyl cone and its particle-hole conjugate represent a single fermionic species, with renormalized charge $e^\ast$ and a single chirality $\pm$ set by the sign of the flux bias. As a consequence, the CME is no longer cancelled in equilibrium but appears as a supercurrent response $\partial j/\partial B=\pm(e^\ast e/h^2)μ$ along the magnetic field at chemical potential $μ$.
description: 12 pages,9 figures, added appendices with the details of the calculations, submitted version
Additional file 2 of Exploration of treatment burden through examination of workload and patient capacity during transition onto kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review of qualitative research
Creators: name: Jones, Catrin
name: Cairns, Ross
name: Walker, Heather
name: Welsh, Silje
name: Edgar, Benjamin
name: Stevenson, Karen
name: Jani, Bhautesh D.
name: Mark, Patrick B.
name: Kingsmore, David
name: Gallacher, Katie I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2.
Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg interferometry with driving fields in the quantum regime
Creators: name: Ashhab, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dynamics of a two-level quantum system (TLS) under the influence of a strong sinusoidal driving signal whose origin is the interaction of the two-level system with a quantum field. In this approach the driving field is replaced by a harmonic oscillator that is either strongly coupled to the TLS or populated with a large number of photons. Starting from the Rabi model, we derive expressions for the TLS's oscillation frequencies and compare the results with those obtained from the model where the driving signal is treated classically. We show that in the limits of weak coupling and large photon number, the well-known expression for the Rabi frequency in the strong driving regime is recovered. In the opposite limit of strong coupling and small photon number, we find differences between the predictions of the semiclassical and quantum models. The results of the quantum picture can therefore be understood as Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg interferometry in the fully quantum regime.
description: 10 pages (two-column), 4 figures
Thermodynamic behavior of a one-dimensional Bose gas at low temperature
Creators: name: De Rosi, Giulia
name: Astrakharchik, Grigori E.
name: Stringari, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the chemical potential of a one-dimensional (1D) interacting Bose gas exhibits a non-monotonic temperature dependence which is peculiar of superfluids. The effect is a direct consequence of the phononic nature of the excitation spectrum at large wavelengths exhibited by 1D Bose gases. For low temperatures $T$, we demonstrate that the coefficient in $T^2$ expansion of the chemical potential is entirely defined by the zero-temperature density dependence of the sound velocity. We calculate that coefficient along the crossover between the Bogoliubov weakly-interacting gas and the Tonks-Girardeau gas of impenetrable bosons. Analytic expansions are provided in the asymptotic regimes. The theoretical predictions along the crossover are confirmed by comparison with the exactly solvable Yang-Yang model in which the finite-temperature equation of state is obtained numerically by solving Bethe-{\it ansatz} equations. A 1D ring geometry is equivalent to imposing periodic boundary conditions and arising finite-size effects are studied in details. At $T=0$ we calculated various thermodynamic functions, including the inelastic structure factor, as a function of the number of atoms, pointing out the occurrence of important deviations from the thermodynamic limit.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures
Estimation of Reconnection Flux using Post-eruption Arcades and Its Relevance to 1-au Magnetic Clouds
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, N.
name: Yashiro, S.
name: Akiyama, S.
name: Xie, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a new method to compute the flare reconnection (RC) flux from post-eruption arcades (PEAs) and the underlying photospheric magnetic fields. In previous works, the RC flux has been computed using cumulative flare ribbon area. Here we obtain the RC flux as half of that underlying the PEA associated with the eruption using an image in EUV taken after the flare maximum. We apply this method to a set of 21 eruptions that originated near the solar disk center in Solar Cycle 23. We find that the RC flux from the arcade method (ΦrA) has excellent agreement with that from the flare-ribbon method (ΦrR) according to: ΦrA = 1.24(ΦrR)^0.99. We also find ΦrA to be correlated with the poloidal flux (ΦP) of the associated magnetic cloud at 1 AU: ΦP = 1.20(ΦrA)^0.85. This relation is nearly identical to that obtained by Qiu et al. (Astrophys. J. 659, 758, 2007) using a set of only nine eruptions. Our result supports the idea that flare reconnection results in the formation of flux rope and PEA as a common process.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in Solar Phys
Electricity for the Farm through REA
Creators: name: Rural Electrification Administration
name: Rural Electrification Administration
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1941
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Public Economics

description: Excerpts from the Foreword: The Rural Electrification Administration is an agency of the Federal Government. The letters “REA” are its initials. But they are more than that. They form the symbol of a great movement that springs from the farm men and farm women of America. These farm men and farm women are banding together in increasing numbers to bring themselves the electric service so long denied them. This banding together we call cooperation. This pamphlet is designed to introduce the citizen to the REA program—what it is and how it functions. But this is only a pamphlet. The reader who wishes a full understanding of the mechanics and significance of the program can do no better than to visit one of the hundreds of farmer-controlled rural electric power systems that REA has financed. Today these systems are located in almost every State; at least one of them is within visiting distance of virtually any point in the country.
MPEC 2024-Q64 : 2024 QZ
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 QZ

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Performance of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker in Run 1 of the LHC: tracker properties
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tracking performance parameters of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) as part of the ATLAS inner detector are described in this paper for different data-taking conditions in proton-proton, proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The performance is studied using data collected during the first period of LHC operation (Run 1) and is compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The performance of the TRT, operating with two different gas mixtures (xenon-based and argon-based) and its dependence on the TRT occupancy is presented. These studies show that the tracking performance of the TRT is similar for the two gas mixtures and that a significant contribution to the particle momentum resolution is made by the TRT up to high particle densities.
description: 45 pages in total, author list starting page 29, 23 figures, 0 tables, submitted to JINST, All figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/IDET-2015-01