cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Design and Realisation of a 3D-Printed Myoelectric Prosthetic Arm for Toddlers Utilising Soft Grippers
Creators: name: De Barrie, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: A prosthetic device aims to improve an amputee’s ability to perform activities of daily living, by mimicking the function of a biological arm. The use of a prosthesis has also been shown to minimise some of the issues facing amputees, such as poor posture and muscular skeletal pain. Active, myoelectric-controlled prosthetic arms have primarily focused on adults, despite evidence showing the benefits of early adoption in reducing the rejection rates and aiding in proper motor neural development.This work presents SIMPA, a low-cost 3D-printed prosthetic arm with a soft-gripper based end device. The arm has been designed using CAD and 3D-scaning and manufactured using predominantly 3Dprinting techniques. This all serves the aim of reducing cost and lead-time, both crucial aspects for prosthetic manufacturing, particularly with the rapid growth rates of young children.A voluntary opening control system utilising an armband based (surface electromyography) sEMG has been developed concurrently. This simple control system acts as a base for more advanced control structures as the child develops. Grasp tests have resulted in an average effectiveness of 87%, with objects in excess of 400g being securely grasped. Force tests have shown that the arm is performing in line with current adult prosthetic devices. The results highlight the effectiveness of soft grippers as an end device in prosthetics, as well as viability of toddler-scale 3D-printed myoelectric devices.
Information under Lorentz transformation
Creators: name: Metwally, N.
name: Eleuch, H.
name: Abdel-Aty, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general form of a two-qubit system is obtained under the effect of Lorentz transformation. We investigate extensively some important classes in the context of quantum information. It is shown Lorentz transformation causes a decay of entanglement and consequently information loses. On the other hand, it generates entangled states between systems prepared initially in a separable states. The partial entangled states are more robust under Lorentz transformation than maximally entangled states. Therefore the rate of information lose is larger for maximum entangled states compared with that for partially entangled states.
Crossover from spin-waves to diffusive spin excitations in underdoped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$
Creators: name: Tucker, G. S.
name: Fernandes, R. M.
name: Pratt, D. K.
name: Thaler, A.
name: Ni, N.
name: Marty, K.
name: Christianson, A. D.
name: Lumsden, M. D.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Kreyssig, A.
name: Goldman, A. I.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using inelastic neutron scattering, we show that the onset of superconductivity in underdoped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ coincides with a crossover from well-defined spin waves to overdamped and diffusive spin excitations. This crossover occurs despite the presence of long-range stripe antiferromagnetic order for samples in a compositional range from x=0.04-0.055, and is a consequence of the shrinking spin-density wave gap and a corresponding increase in the particle-hole (Landau) damping. The latter effect is captured by a simple itinerant model relating Co doping to changes in the hot spots of the Fermi surface. We argue that the overdamped spin fluctuations provide a pairing mechanism for superconductivity in these materials.
Screening, characterisation and production of bacteriocin from Klebsiella pneumoniae
Creators: name: Rutledge, Laura
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria to control growth of rival strains of bacteria. A potential use of bacteriocins is as an alternative antibiotic, as they usually have narrow specificity, pathogenic bacteria can be eradicated without disturbing the normal microbiome. The aim of this project was to distinguish bacteriocin producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae from nosocomial samples, characterise the bacteriocins and use molecular cloning to allow large scale production of bacteriocin without use of pathogenic bacteria.Bacteriocin producing strains of bacteria were identified by their inhibition of sensitive strains in an agar overlay. A selection of bacteriocins produced were chosen to provide a range of activity, and were then first purified by ion exchange chromatography, then size exclusion chromatography, followed by SDS-PAGE. Once isolated, bacteriocins from three strains were analysed by MALDI MS/MS.Primers were designed for a previously identified klebicin, allowing amplification of the bacteriocin genes by PCR and cloning into non-pathogenic BL21 (DE3) E. coli. After being cloned into BL21 (DE3) E. coli, the production of purified bacteriocin without use of pathogenic bacteria was possible.This allows future investigations into the possible applications of bacteriocins, such as alternative antibiotics, water or air filtration, or as components in bacterial contamination detecting devices.
Magnetic Bianchi type II string cosmological model in loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Rikhvitsky, Victor
name: Saha, Bijan
name: Visinescu, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The loop quantum cosmology of the Bianchi type II string cosmological model in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field is studied. We present the effective equations which provide modifications to the classical equations of motion due to quantum effects. The numerical simulations confirm that the big bang singularity is resolved by quantum gravity effects.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
A Somatic Approach to Combating Cybersickness when using Head-Mounted Displays
Creators: name: Harrington, Jake
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: This thesis presents a novel approach for reducing the risk of cybersickness during virtual reality locomotion in a 3D environment through the use of somatosensory feedback. This project looks directly at existing theories regarding the cause of cybersickness and describes the processes taken to develop, test and measure the efficacy of a solution. The solution proposed by this thesis builds on the concept of sensory misalignment, where the body struggles understand its state due to conflicting sensory feedback and consequently generates negative health symptoms and discomfort. As such, the studies in this project attempt to emulate the feedback of real movement during VR locomotion by artificially generating the passive airflow undergone whilst moving.To evaluate the work, two studies are carried out where users drive a simulated car around a virtual environment, which in one condition is accompanied by the solutions dynamic airflow emulation equipment. Primarily, studies examine for cybersickness, however on-going discussions in the research community regarding the nature of correlation between sickness and presence present interesting insights that this project could contribute to. The project’s pilot study failed to find conclusive results but provided a major amount of information about the correct strategies to use when investigating this exploratory area. A second study was far more successful, providing conclusive results showing that users felt less sickness and increased presence during the session supported by the somatic feedback extension. As such this work concludes suggesting somatosensory feedback has positive interactions with cybersickness, as per the project hypothesis regarding existing theories. Additionally, positive correlations with presence suggest somatic feedback can have an overall positive effect on VR locomotion.
Irrationality and quasiperiodicity in driven nonlinear systems
Creators: name: Cubero, David
name: Casado-Pascual, Jesus
name: Renzoni, Ferruccio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the relationship between irrationality and quasiperiodicity in nonlinear driven systems. To that purpose we consider a nonlinear system whose steady-state response is very sensitive to the periodic or quasiperiodic character of the input signal. In the infinite time limit, an input signal consisting of two incommensurate frequencies will be recognised by the system as quasiperiodic. We show that this is in general not true in the case of finite interaction times. An irrational ratio of the driving frequencies of the input signal is not sufficient for it to be recognised by the nonlinear system as quasiperiodic, resulting in observations which may differ by several orders of magnitude from the expected quasiperiodic behavior. Thus, the system response depends on the nature of the irrational ratio, as well as the observation time. We derive a condition for the input signal to be identified by the system as quasiperiodic. Such a condition also takes into account the sub-Fourier response of the nonlinear system.
description: accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Analytical relation between confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in terms of Polyakov loop and Dirac eigenmodes in odd-number lattice QCD
Creators: name: Suganuma, Hideo
name: Doi, Takahiro M.
name: Iritani, Takumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In lattice QCD formalism, we derive an analytical gauge-invariant relation between the Polyakov loop $\langle L_P \rangle$ and the Dirac eigenvalues $λ_n$ in QCD, i.e., $\langle L_P \rangle \propto \sum_n λ_n^{N_t -1} \langle n|\hat U_4|n \rangle$, by considering ${\rm Tr} (\hat{U}_4\hat{\not{D}}^{N_t-1})$ on a temporally odd-number lattice, where the temporal lattice size $N_t$ is odd. This formula is a Dirac spectral representation of the Polyakov loop in terms of Dirac eigenmodes $|n\rangle$. We here use an ordinary square lattice with the normal (nontwisted) periodic boundary condition for link-variables $U_μ(s)$ in the temporal direction. From this relation, one can estimate each contribution of the Dirac eigenmode to the Polyakov loop. Because of the factor $λ_n^{N_t -1}$ in the Dirac spectral sum, this analytical relation generally indicates quite small contribution of low-lying Dirac modes to the Polyakov loop in both confined and deconfined phases, while the low-lying Dirac modes are essential for chiral symmetry breaking. Also in lattice QCD calculations in confined and deconfined phases, we numerically confirm the analytical relation, non-zero finiteness of $\langle n|\hat U_4|n \rangle$ for each Dirac mode, and negligibly small contribution of low-lying Dirac modes to the Polyakov loop, i.e., the Polyakov loop is almost unchanged even by removing low-lying Dirac-mode contribution from the QCD vacuum generated by lattice QCD simulations. Thus, we conclude that low-lying Dirac modes are not essential modes for confinement, which indicates no direct one-to-one correspondence between confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in QCD.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, invited talk at QCD-TNT-III
Functional characterisation of the role of the Small Glutamine Rich Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing Protein Alpha (SGTA) in protein quality control
Creators: name: Hill, Jake
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Proteins which mislocalise or misfold must be effectively dealt with by the cell, if left to accumulate these proteins aggregate, which has been linked to neurodegeneration. Therefore, cells employ multifaceted quality control processes in order to deal with aberrant proteins. The Small Glutamine Rich Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing Protein Alpha (SGTA) is a major component of these quality control pathways. SGTA is thought to be the ‘first responder’ in a molecular triage reaction, recognising aberrant membrane proteins and deliver these clients to a multiprotein complex which decides the fate of the client protein, either directing them for degradation or rescuing them for refolding. However, the molecular details about how SGTA functions in quality control are poorly understood. In studying the functions of quality control components, depleting a protein usually provides insights about their function. A novel technique (‘Trim-Away’) which utilises an antibody receptor TRIM21, and an antibody targeting a protein of interest to enable rapid depletion of target proteins was attempted. In this study the role of SGTA in protein quality control was investigated with emphasis on the fate of client proteins in the presence of a panel of mutants. Mutants of SGTA were created targeting conserved motifs in the C-terminus, namely the Q-rich region and the NNP repeat motifs. These mutants when expressed in a HeLa cell culture system increased the steady state levels of a model mislocalised protein, OP91 beyond the WT levels. Pulse-chase analysis showed that the mutants delayed degradation of OP91 which was rationalised by a reduction in ubiquitination. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed formation of punctate inclusions where SGTA mutants and OP91 colocalised, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Further investigations into the fate of OP91 and nature of these structures using fluorescence recovery after bleaching (FRAP), eludes to them being dynamic phase-separated structures with a possible role in spatial quality control. As part of this spatial quality control mechanism, immunoprecipitation on cell culture media from SGTA and OP91 expressing cells revealed the export of OP91 and SGTA into the media and a novel ability of SGTA to transfer between cells in a possibly prion-like manner. Further to this, a variation of ‘Trim-Away’, utilising a cell-penetrating peptide tag was developed to attempt compartment-specific depletion of SGTA in order to study the resultant effects. Therefore, the SGTA mutants developed in this study are valuable tools which will enable an in-depth study of the role of SGTA in protein quality control.
Color-Magnitude Distribution of Face-on Nearby Galaxies in SDSS DR7
Creators: name: Jin, Shuo-Wen
name: Gu, Qiusheng
name: Huang, Song
name: Shi, Yong
name: Feng, Long-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the distributions in the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of a large sample of face-on galaxies to minimize the effect of dust extinctions on galaxy color. About 300 thousand galaxies with $log(a/b) < $ 0.2 and redshift $z < 0.2$ are selected from the SDSS DR7 catalog. Two methods are employed to investigate the distributions of galaxies in the CMD including 1-D Gaussian fitting to the distributions in individual magnitude bins and 2-D Gaussian mixture model (GMM) fitting to galaxies as a whole. We find that in the 1-D fitting only two Gaussians are not enough to fit galaxies with the excess present between the blue cloud and the red sequence. The fitting to this excess defines the centre of the green-valley in the local universe to be $(u-r)_{0.1} = -0.121M_{r,0.1}-0.061$. The fraction of blue cloud and red sequence galaxies turns over around $M_{r,0.1} \sim -20.1$ mag, corresponding to stellar mass of $3\times10^{10}M_\odot$. For the 2-D GMM fitting, a total of four Gaussians are required, one for the blue cloud, one for the red sequence and the additional two for the green valley. The fact that two Gaussians are needed to describe the distributions of galaxies in the green valley is consistent with some models that argue for two different evolutionary paths from the blue cloud to the red sequence.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Satellite image classification and segmentation using non-additive entropy
Creators: name: Assirati, Lucas
name: Martinez, Alexandre Souto
name: Bruno, Odemir Martinez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Here we compare the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon (standard) with the Tsallis entropy on the pattern recognition and segmentation of coloured images obtained by satellites, via "Google Earth". By segmentation we mean split an image to locate regions of interest. Here, we discriminate and define an image partition classes according to a training basis. This training basis consists of three pattern classes: aquatic, urban and vegetation regions. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the Tsallis entropy, used as a feature vector composed of distinct entropic indexes $q$ outperforms the standard entropy. There are several applications of our proposed methodology, once satellite images can be used to monitor migration form rural to urban regions, agricultural activities, oil spreading on the ocean etc.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, ICMSquare 2013
Holographic f(T) gravity model
Creators: name: Aghamohammadi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We try to study the corresponding relation between f(T ) gravity and holographic dark energy (HDE). A kind of energy density from f(T) is introduced which has the same role as the HDE density. A f(T ) model according to the the HDE model is calculated .We find out a torsion scalar T based on the scalar factor is assumed by (Capoziello,Nojiri et al. 2006). The effective torsion equation of state, deceleration parameter of the holographic f(T )- gravity model are calculated
description: 5 pages
Confrontational Behaviour in Virtual Reality: a study of user response
Creators: name: Jones, Arthur
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: The following thesis presents a method to compare the affective response of participants in two conditions, virtual reality (VR) and 2D display, to a confrontational avatar in a virtual betting shop. This thesis is motivated by workers in betting shops who regularly face confrontational customers, with the aim of recommending VR technology as a medium to facilitate experiential training for these workers. A two condition, between-subjects study was conducted measuring change of state anxiety and sense of presence recorded using self-report questionnaires. The results of this study conclude that participants in the VR condition experience a greater sense of presence over participants in the 2D display condition, in all four sub-scales of the ITC-SOPI. The study also concludes that participants in both conditions experience a significant increased sense of state anxiety recorded with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory after exposure to the confrontational avatar, with participants in the VR condition experiencing a larger increase in state anxiety than participants in the 2D condition. This study demonstrates the feasibility of VR as a potential training solution for workers of betting shops in dealing with confrontational customers. To accommodate the study, an application was designed and produced to work on both VR and 2D display technologies with a focus on ensuring the virtual environment and confrontational avatar was as believable as possible. An inter-disciplinary team was brought together to produce the confrontational avatar using motion capture technology. The result of the inter-disciplinary workflow is a produced avatar that was successful in producing an affective response in participants in both conditions. To finalise the production of the application, a method to ensure the avatar appeared at a normalised distance from the participants in both conditions is proposed of which has not been explored previously.
Daubechies wavelet coefficients: a tool to study interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations
Creators: name: González, Arian Ojeda
name: Junior, Odim Mendes
name: Domingues, Margarete Oliveira
name: Menconi, Varlei Everton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a set of 41 magnetic clouds (MCs) measured by the ACE spacecraft, using the discrete orthogonal wavelet transform (Daubechies wavelet of order two) in three regions: Pre-MC (plasma sheath), MC and Post-MC. We have used data from the IMF GSM-components with time resolution of 16 s. The mathematical property chosen was the statistical mean of the wavelet coefficients $(\langle Dd1 \rangle)$. The Daubechies wavelet coefficients have been used because they represent the local regularity present in the signal being studied. The results reproduced the well-known fact that the dynamics of the sheath region is more than that of the MC region. This technique could be useful to help a specialist to find events boundaries when working with IMF datasets, i.e., a best form to visualize the data. The wavelet coefficients have the advantage of helping to find some shocks that are not easy to see in the IMF data by simple visual inspection. We can learn that fluctuations are not low in all MCs, in some cases waves can penetrate from the sheath to the MC. This methodology has not yet been tested to identify some specific fluctuation patterns at IMF for any other geoeffective interplanetary events, such as Co-rotating Interaction Regions (CIRs), Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) or ICMEs without MC signatures. In our opinion, as is the first time that this technique is applied to the IMF data with this purpose, the presentation of this approach for the Space Physics Community is one of the contributions of this work.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables http://www.geofisica.unam.mx/unid_apoyo/editorial/publicaciones/investigacion/geofisica_internacional/anteriores/2014/02/1_ojeda.pdf
The innermost globular clusters of M87
Creators: name: Montes, M.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
name: Prieto, M. A.
name: Fernandez-Ontiveros, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive multiwavelength photometric analysis of the innermost (3x3 square kpc) 110 globular clusters (GCs) of M87. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) were built taking advantage of new ground-based high resolution near-IR imaging aided by adaptive optics at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) combined with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ultraviolet--optical archival data. These GC SEDs are among the best photometrically sampled extragalactic GC SEDs. To compare with our SEDs we constructed equally sampled SEDs of Milky Way GCs. Using both these Milky Way cluster templates and different stellar population models, ages of >10 Gyr and metallicities of [Fe/H] -0.6 dex are consistently inferred for the inner GCs of M87. In addition, the metallicity of these GCs is low (Dif([Fe/H]) 0.8 dex) compared to that of their host galaxy. These results agree with the idea that the GC formation in M87 ceased earlier than that of the bulk of the stars of the central part of the galaxy. The ages of the inner GCs of M87 support the idea that these central parts of the galaxy formed first. Our data do not support evidence of recent wet merging.
description: 14 pages + Tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
High-throughput method for the extraction, isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from plants
Creators: name: Mortimer, Megan
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: This research aims to develop a high-throughput, standardised methodology for the extraction, isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from plants, using a bottom-up approach. The method development began with screening strains of non-pathogenic fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae spp., and Komagataella phaffii, against solvent extractions from 22 different plants from various families in the classic 96-well microtitre Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test. Plant extracts which displayed activity in the MIC test were then analysed with HPLC and HPLC-MS. One plant tested (Corema album) displayed significant activity against Candida albicans and Candida auris. This method identified three potential compounds, pinocembrin, 2,4-dihydroxychalcone and 7-hydroxyflavone. Pinocembrin gave an IC50 of 31.25 µg/ml against C. auris and should be considered for further pharmacological assessment.
Factors impacting cognition and cognitive performance in reptiles
Creators: name: Nagabaskaran, Gokulan
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Reptilian cognition is a field that requires additional investigation, because the level of detail pales in comparison to models such as mammals and birds. However, in a handful of studies, reptiles have displayed cognitive abilities that are similar to amniotes, with evidence in a wide range of cognitive assessments. Further, studies have demonstrated that they are affected by differences in the environment, especially during early development with profound effects on cognition and behaviour. However, little is known about the impact that the environment has on cognition in adult reptiles, therefore we investigated whether environmental enrichment affected snakes within a short treatment duration. In our second study we investigated whether corn snakes, red-footed tortoises and bearded dragons could recognize artificial odours when passively presented within their environment, while assessing recognition at multiple time points to gauge short- and long-term memory. Our first study demonstrated that snakes could discriminate between objects and human odours when housed in an enriched environment, while snakes kept in standard housing could not. The second set of studies revealed that both snakes and tortoises could recognize artificial scents for 30 minutes and 24hrs respectively, which indicates evidence of both short- and long-term memory. However, the bearded dragons were unable to complete the task because of inactivity suggesting that our specific methods were not necessarily applicable across difference species. Overall, reptiles have demonstrated they are quite similar to mammals and birds in the sense of cognitive abilities, and their responses to proper environmental enrichment. Therefore, future studies should investigate reptilian housing in greater detail, with emphasis on cognitive stimulation and species-specific enrichment stimuli to maintain healthy individuals, as numerous studies have previously done with both mammals and birds.
Ultraviolet and visible range plasmonics of a topological insulator
Creators: name: Ou, Jun-Yu
name: So, Jin-Kyu
name: Adamo, Giorgio
name: Sulaev, Azat
name: Wang, Lan
name: Zheludev, Nikolay I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of metamaterials, data processing circuits and sensors for the visible and UV parts of the spectrum is hampered by the lack of low-loss media supporting plasmonic excitations and drives the intense search for plasmonic materials beyond noble metals. By studying plasmonic nanostructures fabricated on the surface of topological insulator $\mbox{Bi}_{1.5}\mbox{Sb}_{0.5}\mbox{Te}_{1.8}\mbox{Se}_{1.2}$ we found that it is orders of magnitude better plasmonic material than gold and silver in the blue-UV range. Metamaterial fabricated from $\mbox{Bi}_{1.5}\mbox{Sb}_{0.5}\mbox{Te}_{1.8}\mbox{Se}_{1.2}$ show plasmonic resonances from 350 nm to 550 nm while surface gratings exhibit cathodoluminescent peaks from 230 nm to 1050 nm. The negative permittivity underpinning plasmonic response is attributed to the combination of bulk interband transitions and surface contribution of the topologically protected states. The importance of our result is in the identification of new mechanisms of negative permittivity in semiconductors where visible-range plasmonics can be directly integrated with electronics.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
title: Lines of Sight: Thirteen Ways of Looking at a System (Organism, Poem, or Otherwise)
Creators: name: Swanstrom, Lisa
Publisher: name: Electronic Book Review
Year: 2022

description: What Mario Aquilina and Ivan Callus accomplished in their "13 Ways of Looking at Electronic Literature", Lisa Swanstrom does for Ecocriticism. Taking as her starting point, Cary Wolfe's book on Wallace Stevens, Swanstrom explores each and every one of Stevens's "13 Ways of Looking at a Blackbird." What emerges, alongside Wolfe's ecocriticism is a resurgence, in literary studies, of the art of close reading.
Gravity Waves from Extreme-Mass-Ratio Plunges into Kerr Black Holes
Creators: name: Hadar, Shahar
name: Porfyriadis, Achilleas P.
name: Strominger, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive objects orbiting a near-extreme Kerr black hole quickly plunge into the horizon after passing the innermost stable circular orbit. The plunge trajectory is shown to be related by a conformal map to a circular orbit. Conformal symmetry of the near-horizon region is then used to compute the gravitational radiation produced during the plunge phase.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure
Planetary Kp index forecast using autoregressive models
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Arian Ojeda
name: Denardini, Clezio Marcos
name: Odriozola, Siomel Savio
name: Rosa, Reinaldo Roberto
name: Mendes, Odim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geomagnetic Kp index is derived from the K index measurements obtained from thirteen stations located around the Earth geomagnetic latitudes between $48^\circ$ and $63^\circ$. This index is processed every three hours, is quasi-logarithmic and estimates the geomagnetic activity. The Kp values fall within a range of 0 to 9 and are organized as a set of 28 discrete values. The data set is important because it is used as one of the many input parameters of magnetospheric and ionospheric models. The objective of this work is to use historical data from the Kp index to develop a methodology to make a prediction in a time interval of at least three hours. Five different models to forecast geomagnetic indices Kp and ap are tested. Time series of values of Kp index from 1932 to 15/12/2012 at 21:00 UT are used as input to the models. The purpose of the model is to predict the three measured values after the last measured value of the Kp index (it means the next 9 hours values). The AR model provides the lowest computational cost with satisfactory results. The ARIMA model is efficient for predicting Kp index during geomagnetic disturbance conditions. This paper provides a quick and efficient way to make a prediction of Kp index, without using satellite data. Although it is reported that the forecast results are better when satellite data are used. In the literature we find that the linear correlation between predicted values and actual values is $77\%$, which is better than the $68.5\%$ obtained in this work. However, taking into account that our results are based only on Kp stochastic time series, the correlation value can be considered satisfactory.
description: (published in Spanish, with original title: "Pron\'stico del \'indice planetario Kp usando modelos autoregresivos")10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables , http://www.iga.cu/publicaciones/revista/cte_15_n1/Art6/067.Geofis.Espacial.(6).pdf
A Map of Dust Reddening to 4.5 kpc from Pan-STARRS1
Creators: name: Schlafly, E. F.
name: Green, G.
name: Finkbeiner, D. P.
name: Juric, M.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Martin, N. F.
name: Burgett, W. S.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Draper, P. W.
name: Hodapp, K. W.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Kudritzki, R. -P.
name: Magnier, E. A.
name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Morgan, J. S.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Stubbs, C. W.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Wainscoat, R. J.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a map of the dust reddening to 4.5 kpc derived from Pan-STARRS1 stellar photometry. The map covers almost the entire sky north of declination -30 degrees at a resolution of 7' to 14', and is based on the estimated distances and reddenings to more than 500 million stars. The technique is designed to map dust in the Galactic plane, where many other techniques are stymied by the presence of multiple dust clouds at different distances along each line of sight. This reddening-based dust map agrees closely with the Schlegel, Finkbeiner, and Davis (SFD; 1998) far-infrared emission-based dust map away from the Galactic plane, and the most prominent differences between the two maps stem from known limitations of SFD in the plane. We also compare the map with Planck, finding likewise good agreement in general at high latitudes. The use of optical data from Pan-STARRS1 yields reddening uncertainty as low as 25 mmag E(B-V).
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A Comparative Analysis of Neural-Based Visual Recognisers for Speech Activity Detection
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Recent advances in Neural network has offered great solutions to automation of various detections including speech activity detection (SAD). However, existing literature on SAD highlights different approaches within neural networks, but do not provide a comprehensive comparison of the approaches. This is important because such neural approaches often require hardware-intensive resources. As a result, the project provides a comparative analysis of three different approaches: classification with still images (CNN), classification based on previous images (CRNN) and classification based on a sequence of images (Seq2Seq). The project aims to find a modest approach-one that provides the highest accuracy but yet does not require expensive computation whilst providing the quickest output prediction times. Such approach can then be adapted for real-time application such as activation of infotainment systems or interactive robots etc. Results show that within the problem domain (dataset, resources etc.) the use of still images can achieve an accuracy of 97% for SAD. With the addition of RNN, the classification accuracy is increased further by 2%, as both architectures (classification based on previous images and classification of a sequence of images) achieve 99% classification accuracy. These results show that the use of history/previous images improves accuracy compared to the use of still images. Furthermore, with the RNNs ability of memory, the network can be defined smaller which results in quicker training and prediction times. Experiments also showed that CRNN is almost as accurate as the Seq2Seq architecture (99.1% vs 99.6% classification accuracy, respectively) but faster to train (326s vs 761s per epoch) and 28% faster output predictions (3.7s vs 5.19s per prediction). These results indicate that the CRNN can be a suitable choice for real-time application such as activation of infotainment systems based on classification accuracy, training and prediction times.
Recent results in cosmic ray physics and their interpretation
Creators: name: Blasi, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The last decade has been dense with new developments in the search for the sources of Galactic cosmic rays. Some of these developments have confirmed the tight connection between cosmic rays and supernovae in our Galaxy, through the detection of gamma rays and the observation of thin non-thermal X-ray rims in supernova remnants. Some other, such as the detection of features in the spectra of some chemicals opened new questions on the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy and on details of the acceleration process. Here I will summarize some of these developments and their implications for our understanding of the origin of cosmic rays. I will also discuss some new avenues that are being pursued in testing the supernova origin of Galactic cosmic rays.
description: Invited Plenary Review Talk at the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC), 2013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - A typo corrected
Use of Word Embeddings in a Literature-Based Discovery System
Creators: name: Reed, Toby
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Since Don R. Swanson’s first works in the field of Literature-Based Discovery (LBD) in the 1980s, there has been a keen interest in the process’s abilities to retrieve new relationships from already published articles. In addition to this, the explosion of biomedical literature added to the public domain daily makes these automated systems more vital as time goes on with a researchers ability to keep up to date with their specialism let alone any potentially related fields. Furthermore, this emergence of LBD and the explosion of published knowledge has come at a time where the pharmaceutical industry is beginning to understand the importance of repurposing existing compounds as a method of reducing costs whilst still managing new and old conditions. This thesis proposes a system that utilises the Word2Vec group of models to implement an LBD system. These tasks are undertaken utilising seven different corpora comprised of biomedical articles related to varying levels from Raynaud Disease to Hematological journals published on the MEDLINE database and retrieved through PUBMED. This data was then fed through a specially developed pre-processing pipeline to normalise the data and then passed through a Word2Vec model and using the cosine similarity metric the most semantically similar phrases to any phrases containing the word Raynaud. Finally, these phrases are filtered based upon their UMLS semantic type and compared to the terms found by both Weeber and Swanson to evaluate the usefulness of this method. These experiments found that when using these corpora the majority of links, an average of 88% of B-Terms for Open Discovery and an average of 81% for Closed Discovery, can still be formed. However there is still a large degree of manual curation necessary due to the imprecision of the process. This thesis shows that the development and implementation of such a system with improvements to its precision can be of use to the research community.
High Energy Dirac Solutions: Issues and Ramifications
Creators: name: Sidharth, Burra G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider solutions of the Dirac equation at ultra high energies. The study provides new insights including features overlooked thus far and also new ramifications.
description: 13 pages latex; Invited talk at FFP13, November 2013
title: Προδιαθεσικοί παράγοντες για τη ροδόχρου νόσο
title: Rosacea - trigger factors
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Δημητροπούλου, Ζωή
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ροδόχρους
Ερυθρότητα
Προδιάθεση
Αλκοόλ
UV
Φλεγμονή

description: Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση πρόσφατων δεδομένων σχετικά με τους προδιαθεσικούς παράγοντες της ροδόχρου νόσου, καθώς και ζητημάτων που αφορούν την εν λόγω πάθηση. Αρχικά, γίνεται αναφορά στα ιστορικά δεδομένα της ροδόχρου νόσου, από τον 14ο αιώνα που ξεκινάει η διερεύνησή της έως και σήμερα. Αναλύεται ο ορισμός της νόσου και διευκρινίζονται τα βασικά της γνωρίσματα στο πρόσωπο και τους οφθαλμούς, αλλά και ειδικά διαγνωστικά κριτήρια που την διαφοροποιούν από άλλες παθήσεις του δέρματος. Με βάση επιδημιολογικά κριτήρια εξετάζεται η συχνότητα και η έκταση εμφάνισης της ροδόχρου σε σχέση με την ηλικία, τη φυλή και τους φωτότυπους. Μελετώνται επίσης σειρά παραγόντων που σχετίζονται με την καθημερινότητα του ατόμου και φαίνεται να απορυθμίζουν το ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα πυροδοτώντας λειτουργίες του που οδηγούν στην παραγωγή προφλεγμονώδων παραγόντων από τα κύτταρα, και τελικά στη φλεγμονή του δέρματος. Αναφέρονται επίσης τα κλινικά χαρακτηριστικά της ροδόχρου νόσου που κατηγοριοποιούνται σε 4 υπότυπους οι οποίοι συναντώνται είτε ξεχωριστά, είτε σε συνδυασμό μεταξύ τους. Αναλύονται φλεγμονώδεις παθήσεις του προσώπου και των οφθαλμών με παρόμοια κλινική εικόνα, που ενδεχομένως να συνυπάρχουν με τη ροδόχρου νόσο και να εμποδίζουν την έγκαιρη και έγκυρη διάγνωσή της. Τέλος, καθώς έως σήμερα δεν έχουν αποδοθεί με απόλυτη εγκυρότητα τα αίτια εμφάνισης της ροδόχρου νόσου, εξετάζονται οι επικρατέστερες απόψεις σχετικά με τους παράγοντες προδιάθεσης και πυροδότησής της.
Simulation and Modelling of Drug Release from 3D Printed, Channelled Tablets
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: 3D printing is a rapidly developing and valuable tool in medicinal research. Sadia et al. (2018) developed 3D printed tablets with perforating channels and concluded that larger channels in greater quantity dissolved more rapidly than smaller and nonexistent channels. Building on this, a computational approach to analyse the drug release rate limiting steps is developed. A range of 1, 2, and 3 dimensional geometries are used to obtain an approximation of drug release based on diffusion models (Siepmann, 2015), using both implicit and explicit numerical methods. Fickian diffusion is modelled under the assumptions that the polymer relaxation time is much greater than solvent diffusion time, and the formulation is uniform in drug content. The diffusion model can be rescaled according to tablet dimensions (often diameter, d, is used), and the diffusion coefficient D, to define the amount of molar flux through a surface area. Insertion of channels into the geometries tested shows that the increased drug release rates found experimentally is due to two factors; increased tablet surface area and decreased mass. Solving the diffusion equation showed that the drug release rate increase is largely related to the increased surface area, though it is inaccurate to compare the channelled tablets to whole tablets of a larger mass. When the tablet geometry set-up was run and rescaled to match the experimental data, the formulation was found to have a diffusion coefficient D of approximately D=6x10-10m2 /s. However, the x-axis rescaling factor (tD/d2 ) applied to the diffusion equation are not applicable as the experimental data does not also follow this analytically derived rule. Thus, the standard Fickian diffusion model in sink conditions with accurate geometry is not sufficient to describe the drug release. Further in situ research is recommended in surface erosion and bubble formation in channels, alongside redesigning the experimental methodology to ensure uniformity where possible.
Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications
Creators: name: Low, Tony
name: Avouris, Phaedon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, we have seen a rapid progress in the field of graphene plasmonics, motivated by graphene's unique electrical and optical properties, tunabilty, long-lived collective excitation and their extreme light confinement. Here, we review the basic properties of graphene plasmons; their energy dispersion, localization and propagation, plasmon-phonon hybridization, lifetimes and damping pathways. The application space of graphene plasmonics lies in the technologically significant, but relatively unexploited terahertz to mid-infrared regime. We discuss emerging and potential applications, such as modulators, notch filters, polarizers, mid-infrared photodetectors, mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopy, among many others.
description: Review article
F-theory duals of singular heterotic K3 mode
Creators: name: Lüdeling, Christoph
name: Ruehle, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study F-theory duals of singular heterotic K3 models that correspond to abelian toroidal orbifolds $T^4/Z_N$. While our focus is on the standard embedding, we also comment on models with Wilson lines and more general gauge embeddings. In the process of constructing the duals, we work out a Weierstrass description of the heterotic toroidal orbifold models, which exhibit singularities of Kodaira type $I_0^*, IV^*, III^*$, and $II^*$. This construction unveils properties like the instanton number per fixed point and a correlation between the orbifold order and the multiplicities in the Dynkin diagram. The results from the Weierstrass description are then used to restrict the complex structure of the F-theory Calabi-Yau threefold such that the gauge group and the matter spectrum of the heterotic theories are reproduced. We also comment on previous approaches that have been employed to construct the duality and point out the differences to our case. Our results show explicitly how the various orbifold models are connected and described in F-theory.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Litter Decomposition Is Not Affected by Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFBS) in Experimental Soil Microcosms
Creators: name: Xie, Qiaoling
name: Xu, Baile
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
subject: soil ecosystem functions
subject: soil pH
subject: soil respiration
subject: water-stable aggregates
subject: soil enzyme activity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) has been found in increasing concentrations in the environment. However, its effect on litter decomposition in soils is still unclear. Therefore, the effect of PFBS on the decomposition of various litter types was tested, as well as on selected aspects of soil quality. Soil samples were treated with different concentrations of PFBS (0, 1, and 10 µg g–1) and five organic litter materials were used with various C:N ratios. A soil microcosm experiment was performed at 20 °C for 6 weeks. Litter decomposition, soil respiration, enzyme activities, soil pH, water-stable aggregates (WSA), and soil total C and N contents were measured. PFBS treatments were observed to have negligible effects on litter decomposition as well as on other soil properties. This means that in the concentration range examined, this substance has no observable effects on the key soil parameters examined. The present result was inconsistent with the findings of a previous study with similar experimental microcosms but different soils. This study suggests that the effects of PFBS may be less pronounced in the tested soil, but it cannot be concluded that PFBS is harmless in soil ecosystems. A wider range of soil types and PFBS levels should be tested in future studies.