cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A quantum physics layer of epigenetics: a hypothesis deduced from charge transfer and chirality‑induced spin selectivity of DNA
Creators: name: Siebert, Reiner
name: Ammerpohl, Ole
name: Rossini, Mirko
name: Herb, Dennis
name: Rau, Sven
name: Plenio, Martin B.
name: Jelezko, Fedor
name: Ankerhold, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum physics
subject: Quantum tunneling
subject: Quantum coherence
subject: Electron hopping
subject: DNA methylation
subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: Epigenetics
subject: Quantum theory
subject: Tunneling (Physics)
subject: Charge transfer
subject: Chirality
subject: Epigenetik
subject: Quantenphysik
subject: Tunneleffekt
subject: Ladungstransfer
subject: Chiralität
subject: Spin

description: Background Epigenetic mechanisms are informational cellular processes instructing normal and diseased phenotypes. They are associated with DNA but without altering the DNA sequence. Whereas chemical processes like DNA methylation or histone modifications are well-accepted epigenetic mechanisms, we herein propose the existence of an additional quantum physics layer of epigenetics. Results We base our hypothesis on theoretical and experimental studies showing quantum phenomena to be active in double-stranded DNA, even under ambient conditions. These phenomena include coherent charge transfer along overlapping pi-orbitals of DNA bases and chirality-induced spin selectivity. Charge transfer via quantum tunneling mediated by overlapping orbitals results in charge delocalization along several neighboring bases, which can even be extended by classical (non-quantum) electron hopping. Such charge transfer is interrupted by flipping base(s) out of the double-strand e.g., by DNA modifying enzymes. Charge delocalization can directly alter DNA recognition by proteins or indirectly by DNA structural changes e.g., kinking. Regarding sequence dependency, charge localization, shown to favor guanines, could influence or even direct epigenetic changes, e.g., modification of cytosines in CpG dinucleotides. Chirality-induced spin selectivity filters electrons for their spin along DNA and, thus, is not only an indicator for quantum coherence but can potentially affect DNA binding properties. Conclusions Quantum effects in DNA are prone to triggering and manipulation by external means. By the hypothesis put forward here, we would like to foster research on “Quantum Epigenetics” at the interface of medicine, biology, biochemistry, and physics to investigate the potential epigenetic impact of quantum physical principles on (human) life.
Calopteryx splendens var. xanthostoma Harris 1782
Creators: name: Martin, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1910
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx
Calopteryx splendens

description: 1. Calopteryx splendens Harris. var. xanthostoma Charp.
Sur certaines rivières et certains ruisseaux, notamment à El-Guerra.
description: Published as part of Martin, R., 1910, Contribution à l'étude des Neuroptères de l'Afrique, pp. 82-104 in Annales Societe Entomologique France 79 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3531643
Reduced replication but increased interferon resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1
Creators: name: Nchioua, Rayhane
name: Schundner, Annika
name: Klute, Susanne
name: Koepke, Lennart
name: Hirschenberger, Maximilian
name: Noettger, Sabrina
name: Fois, Giorgio
name: Zech, Fabian
name: Graf, Alexander
name: Krebs, Stefan
name: Braubach, Peter Paul Johann
name: Blum, Helmut
name: Stenger, Steffen
name: Kmieć, Dorota Janina
name: Frick, Manfred
name: Kirchhoff, Frank
name: Sparrer, Konstantin MJ
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health
subject: COVID-19; Immunology
subject: Immunity
subject: Cells
subject: COVID-19
subject: Immunologie

description: The IFN system constitutes a powerful antiviral defense machinery. Consequently, effective IFN responses protect against severe COVID-19 and exogenous IFNs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. However, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) may have evolved reduced IFN sensitivity. Here, we determined differences in replication and IFN susceptibility of an early SARS-CoV-2 isolate (NL-02-2020) and the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron VOCs in Calu-3 cells, iPSC-derived alveolar type-II cells (iAT2) and air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human airway epithelial cells. Our data show that Alpha, Beta, and Gamma replicated to similar levels as NL-02-2020. In comparison, Delta consistently yielded higher viral RNA levels, whereas Omicron was attenuated. All viruses were inhibited by type-I, -II, and -III IFNs, albeit to varying extend. Overall, Alpha was slightly less sensitive to IFNs than NL-02-2020, whereas Beta, Gamma, and Delta remained fully sensitive. Strikingly, Omicron BA.1 was least restricted by exogenous IFNs in all cell models. Our results suggest that enhanced innate immune evasion rather than higher replication capacity contributed to the effective spread of Omicron BA.1.
Markov spin models for image generation : explicit large deviations with respect to the number of pixels
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For the discrete-time or the continuous-time Markov spin models for image generation when each pixel $n=1,..,N$ can take only two values $S_n=\pm 1$, the finite-time forward propagator depends on the initial and on the final configurations of the $N$ spins only via a single global variable, namely the extensive overlap that counts the number of spins that have the same value or not in the two configurations. The joint probability distribution of the overlap and of the magnetization during the forward noising dynamics can be written for any finite number $N$ of pixels and in the limit $N \to + \infty$ to extract the large deviations properties. The consequences for the backward reconstructive dynamics are then analyzed for various initial conditions, namely (i) a single image (ii) a mixture of two images (iii) when the initial condition corresponds to the Curie-Weiss mean-field ferromagnetic model in the microcanonical ensemble, as a simple analog of the manifold-hypothesis concerning continuous generative diffusion models.
description: v2= revised version with new discussions and some new material (30 pages)
Deep Learning the Forecast of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Spectra
Creators: name: Du, Yi-Lun
name: Song, Xiaojian
name: Luo, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel deep learning framework based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to predict galactic cosmic-ray spectra on a one-day-ahead basis by leveraging historical solar activity data, overcoming limitations inherent in traditional transport models. By flexibly incorporating multiple solar parameters, such as the heliospheric magnetic field, solar wind speed, and sunspot numbers, our model achieves accurate short-term and long-term predictions of cosmic-ray flux. The addition of historical cosmic-ray flux data significantly enhances prediction accuracy, allowing the model to capture complex dependencies between past and future flux variations. Additionally, the model reliably predicts full cosmic-ray spectra for different particle species, enhancing its utility for comprehensive space weather forecasting. Our approach offers a scalable, data-driven alternative to traditional physics-based methods, ensuring robust daily and long-term forecasts. This work opens avenues for advanced models that can integrate broader observational data, with significant implications for space weather monitoring and mission planning.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Updated version for the publication in ApJL
Programmable Magnetic Hysteresis in Orthogonally-Twisted Two-Dimensional CrSBr Magnets via Stacking Engineering
Creators: name: Boix-Constant, Carla
name: Rybakov, Andrey
name: Miranda-Pérez, Clara
name: Martínez-Carracedo, Gabriel
name: Ferrer, Jaime
name: Mañas-Valero, Samuel
name: Coronado, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisting two-dimensional van der Waals magnets allows the formation and control of different spin-textures, as skyrmions or magnetic domains. Beyond the rotation angle, different spin reversal processes can be engineered by increasing the number of magnetic layers forming the twisted van der Waals heterostructure. Here, we consider pristine monolayers and bilayers of the A-type antiferromagnet CrSBr as building blocks. By rotating 90 degrees these units, we fabricate symmetric (monolayer/monolayer and bilayer/bilayer) and asymmetric (monolayer/bilayer) heterostructures. The magneto-transport properties reveal the appearance of magnetic hysteresis, which is highly dependent upon the magnitude and direction of the applied magnetic field and is determined not only by the twist-angle but also by the number of layers forming the stack. This high tunability allows switching between volatile and non-volatile magnetic memory at zero-field and controlling the appearance of abrupt magnetic reversal processes at either negative or positive field values on demand. The phenomenology is rationalized based on the different spin-switching processes occurring in the layers, as supported by micromagnetic simulations. Our results highlight the combination between twist-angle and number of layers as key elements for engineering spin-switching reversals in twisted magnets, of interest towards the miniaturization of spintronic devices and realizing novel spin textures.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
التكاليف الخفية للأستاذ الجامعي في الجزائر: الثمن الذي يدفعه الأستاذ الجامعي ولا يعرفه العوام
Creators: name: kheloufi, soufyane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390201
subject: Education policy
classificationCode: 390202
subject: History and philosophy of education
classificationCode: 390203
subject: Sociology of education
classificationCode: 390299
subject: Education policy, sociology and philosophy not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: تهدف هده الدراسة إلى محاولة الوقوف عند أحد أهم النقاط التي قد لا يدركها العوام عن مهنة الأستاذ الجامعي في الجزائر، وعن الثمن الخفي الذي يدفعه في مقابل سعيه الدؤب للقيام بدوره على أكمل وجه. وهذا من خلال دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من الأساتذة الجامعيين في الجزائر بلغت 209 فردًا، وذلك خلال الفترة من 29 أوت 2023 إلى 05 جانفي 2024.وأسفرت هذه الدراسة عن مجموعة من النتائج، والتي تؤكد على أن الأستاذ الجامعي في الجزائر يعاني من عديد الضغوطات على مختلف المستويات المهنية والشخصية، المالية منها وغير المالية، كأعباء السكن والتنقل والسفر والمشاكل الصحية والاجتماعية وضغوط العمل والوقت وغيرها. وأوصت الدراسة في الأخير بضرورة بذل المزيد من الجهود من أجل وضع إطار بيئي يحتوى الأستاذ الجامعي الجزائري، ويخفف عبء هذه التكاليف التي قد لا يدركها عامة الناس.الكلمات المفتاحية: تكاليف؛ خفية؛ أستاذ جامعي؛ ثمن خفي؛ الجزائر.تصنيف JEL : J21؛ J28؛ J32.Abstract:This study aims to shed light on one of the significant aspects that the general public may not fully grasp regarding the challenges faced by university teachers in Algeria and the hidden costs they bear in pursuit of their dedicated roles. This is achieved through an analytical study of the opinions of a sample of Algerian university teachers, totaling 209 individuals, conducted from August 29, 2023, to January 5, 2024.The study indicates that Algerian university teachers experience significant pressures, both professionally and personally. These pressures range from financial challenges such as housing expenses and commuting to non-financial issues like health, social problems, work-related stress, and time constraints. The findings emphasize the need for creating a supportive environment for Algerian university teachers to address these challenges and reduce the associated costs, which may not be widely recognized by the public.Keywords: Costs, Hidden, University Teachers, Concealed Costs, Algeria.JEL Classification Codes : J21; J28; J32.
Dispersion kinks from electronic correlations in an unconventional iron-based superconductor
Creators: name: Chang, Ming-Hua
name: Backes, Steffen
name: Lu, Donghui
name: Gauthier, Nicolas
name: Hashimoto, Makoto
name: Chen, Guan-Yu
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
name: Mo, Sung-Kwan
name: Valenti, Roser
name: Pfau, Heike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The attractive interaction in conventional BCS superconductors is provided by a bosonic mode. However, the pairing glue of most unconventional superconductors is unknown. The effect of electron-boson coupling is therefore extensively studied in these materials. A key signature are dispersion kinks that can be observed in the spectral function as abrupt changes in velocity and lifetime of quasiparticles. Here, we show the existence of two kinks in the unconventional iron-based superconductor RbFe$_2$As$_2$ using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). In addition, we observe the formation of a Hubbard band multiplet due to the combination of Coulomb interaction and Hund's rule coupling in this multiorbital systems. We demonstrate that the two dispersion kinks are a consequence of these strong many-body interactions. This interpretation is in line with a growing number of theoretical predictions for kinks in various general models of correlated materials. Our results provide a unifying link between iron-based superconductors and different classes of correlated, unconventional superconductors such as cuprates and heavy-fermion materials.
CLARITY increases sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunostaining in long‑term archived human brain tissue
Creators: name: Wölfle, Sarah
name: Deshpande, Dhruva
name: Feldengut, Simone
name: Braak, Heiko
name: Del Tredici, Kelly
name: Roselli, Francesco
name: Deisseroth, Karl
name: Michaelis, Jens
name: Böckers, Tobias M.
name: Schön, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Clarity
subject: Human brain archive
subject: Post mortem human brain tissue
subject: Super-resolution microscopy (STED, dSTORM)
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health
subject: Immunofluorescence
subject: Alzheimer disease
subject: Synapses
subject: Microscopy, Fluorescence
subject: Alzheimerkrankheit
subject: Immunfluoreszenz
subject: Synapse

description: Background Post mortem human brain tissue is an essential resource to study cell types, connectivity as well as subcellular structures down to the molecular setup of the central nervous system especially with respect to the plethora of brain diseases. A key method is immunostaining with fluorescent dyes, which allows high-resolution imaging in three dimensions of multiple structures simultaneously. Although there are large collections of formalin-fixed brains, research is often limited because several conditions arise that complicate the use of human brain tissue for high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Results In this study, we developed a clearing approach for immunofluorescence-based analysis of perfusion- and immersion-fixed post mortem human brain tissue, termed human Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging / Immunostaining / In situ hybridization-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (hCLARITY). hCLARITY is optimized for specificity by reducing off-target labeling and yields very sensitive stainings in human brain sections allowing for super-resolution microscopy with unprecedented imaging of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Moreover, hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease were preserved with hCLARITY, and importantly classical 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) or Nissl stainings are compatible with this protocol. hCLARITY is very versatile as demonstrated by the use of more than 30 well performing antibodies and allows for de- and subsequent re-staining of the same tissue section, which is important for multi-labeling approaches, e.g., in super-resolution microscopy. Conclusions Taken together, hCLARITY enables research of the human brain with high sensitivity and down to sub-diffraction resolution. It therefore has enormous potential for the investigation of local morphological changes, e.g., in neurodegenerative diseases.
Calopteryx virgo Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Martin, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1910
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx
Calopteryx virgo

description: 2. Calopteryx virgo L.
J'ai reçu un exemplaire comme venant de Constantine. En tous cas, la C. virgo observée déjà à Oran, parait très rare en Algérie, où l'espèce suivante est si répandue.
description: Published as part of Martin, R., 1910, Contribution à l'étude des Neuroptères de l'Afrique, pp. 82-104 in Annales Societe Entomologique France 79 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3531643
Classical features, Anderson-Higgs mechanism, and unitarity in Lee-Wick pseudo-electrodynamics
Creators: name: Neves, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the dimensional reduction is applied to the Lee-Wick electrodynamics in which the classical sources are confined on a spatial plane. As result, the Lee-Wick pseudo-electrodynamics is achieved as a non-local electromagnetism defined in $1+2$ dimensions. The abelian Anderson-Higgs mechanism is so introduced in the Lee-Wick pseudo-electrodynamics through a complex scalar sector in $1+2$ dimensions, breaking spontaneously the $U(1)$-gauge symmetry of the non-local theory. As consequence, the pseudo-Lee-Wick field acquires a light mass, beyond the usual heavy Lee-Wick mass, that is a natural mass parameter of the theory. After the spontaneous symmetry breaking takes place, classical features of the theory are discussed, as the Proca-Lee-Wick pseudo-electrodynamics, with the field equations and conservation laws. The introduction of Lee-Wick fermions also is proposed, in which it opens the discussion of a viable Proca-Lee-Wick pseudo-quantum electrodynamics in $1+2$ dimensions. The unitarity at the tree level of the Lee-Wick pseudo-electrodynamics is discussed through the Optical theorem.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
The evolution of volumetric video: A survey of smart transcoding and compression approaches
Creators: name: Kakkar, Preetish
name: Ragothaman, Hariharan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Volumetric video, the capture and display of three-dimensional (3D) imagery, has emerged as a revolutionary technology poised to transform the media landscape, enabling immersive experiences that transcend the limitations of traditional 2D video. One of the key challenges in this domain is the efficient delivery of these high-bandwidth, data-intensive volumetric video streams, which requires innovative transcoding and compression techniques. This research paper explores the state-of-the-art in volumetric video compression and delivery, with a focus on the potential of AI-driven solutions to address the unique challenges posed by this emerging medium.
Trombiculindus wuhouyongi Liu, Xiang and Ma 2003
Creators: name: Nielsen, David H.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Trombiculidae
Trombiculindus
Trombiculindus wuhouyongi

description: Trombiculindus wuhouyongi Liu, Xiang and Ma, 2003:
PAL
Trombiculindus (Plumosicola) wuhouyongi Liu and Ma, 2003 [In: Liu et al. 2003]
description: Published as part of Nielsen, David H., Robbins, Richard G. & Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2021, Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (1758 - 2021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 4967 (1) on page 189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4967.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4745510
Hydrodynamic instabilities of propagating interfaces under Darcy's law
Creators: name: Daou, Joel
name: Rajamanickam, Prabakaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hydrodynamic instabilities of propagating interfaces in Hele-Shaw channels or porous media under the influence of an imposed flow and gravitational acceleration are investigated within the framework of Darcy's law. The stability analysis pertains to an interface between two fluids with different densities, viscosities, and permeabilities, which can be susceptible to Darrieus-Landau, Saffman-Taylor, and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. A theoretical analysis, treating the interface as a hydrodynamic discontinuity, yields a simple dispersion relation between the perturbation growth rate $s$ and its wavenumber $k$ in the form $s=(ak - bk^2)/(1+ck)$, where $a$, $b$ and $c$ are constants determined by problem parameters. The constant $a$ characterises all three hydrodynamic instabilities, which are long-wave in nature. In contrast, $b$ and $c$, which characterize the influences of local curvature and flow strain on interface propagation speed, typically provide stabilisation at short wavelengths comparable to interface's diffusive thickness. The theoretical findings for Darcy's law are compared with a generalisation of the classical work by Joulin & Sivashinsky, which is based on an Euler-Darcy model. The comparison provides a conceptual bridge between predictions based on Darcy's law and those on Euler's equation and offers valuable insights into the role of confinement on interface instabilities in Hele-Shaw channels. Numerical analyses of the instabilities are carried out for premixed flames using a simplified chemistry model and Darcy's law. The numerical results corroborate with the explicit formula with a reasonable accuracy. Time-dependent numerical simulations of unstable premixed flames are carried out to gain insights into the nonlinear development of these instabilities.
Antiferroelectric order in nematic liquids: Flexoelectricity vs electrostatics
Creators: name: Rupnik, Peter Medle
name: Hanžel, Ema
name: Lovšin, Matija
name: Osterman, Natan
name: Gibb, Calum J.
name: Mandle, Richard J.
name: Sebastián, Nerea
name: Mertelj, Alenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystalline phases marks a major breakthrough in soft matter research. An intermediate phase, often observed between the nonpolar and the ferroelectric nematic phase, shows a distinct antiferroelectric response to electric fields. However, its structure and formation mechanisms remain debated, with flexoelectric and electrostatics effects proposed as competing mechanisms. By controlling the magnitude of electrostatic forces through ion addition in two representative ferroelectric nematic materials, we show that the primary mechanism for the emergence of antiferroelectric order is the flexoelectric coupling between electric polarization and splay deformation of the nematic director. The addition of ions significantly expands the temperature range over which the antiferroelectric phase is observed, with this range increasing with increasing ion concentration. Polarizing optical microscopy studies and second harmonic generation microscopy reveal the splayed structure modulated in two dimensions, while SHG interferometry confirms its antiferroelectric character. We extend the model previously used to describe pretransitional behaviour by incorporating the electrostatic contribution of ions. The model shows qualitative agreement with the experiments, accurately reproducing the phase diagram and temperature-dependent evolution of the modulation period of the observed structure.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis Vander Linden 1825
Creators: name: Martin, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1910
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx
Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis

description: 3. Calopteryx haemorrhoïdalis Lind. -
Prodigieusemcnt commune partout, d’avril à juillet, à Biskra sur les ruisseaux, à Batna, à El-Guerra où elle vit par milliers, à Bone, à La Calle. Les mâles et les femelles en nombre égal.
description: Published as part of Martin, R., 1910, Contribution à l'étude des Neuroptères de l'Afrique, pp. 82-104 in Annales Societe Entomologique France 79 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3531643
Stochastic quantization and diffusion models
Creators: name: Fukushima, Kenji
name: Kamata, Syo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a pedagogical review of the possible connection between the stochastic quantization in physics and the diffusion models in machine learning. For machine-learning applications, the denoising diffusion model has been established as a successful technique, which is formulated in terms of the stochastic differential equation (SDE). In this review, we focus on an SDE approach used in the score-based generative modeling. Interestingly, the evolution of the probability distribution is equivalently described by a particular class of SDEs, and in a particular limit, the stochastic noises can be eliminated. Then, we turn to a similar mathematical formulation in quantum physics, that is, the stochastic quantization. We make a brief overview on the stochastic quantization using a simple toy model of the one-dimensional integration. The analogy between the diffusion model and the stochastic quantization is clearly seen in this concrete example. Finally, we discuss how the sign problem arises in the toy model with complex parameters. The origin of the difficulty is understood based on the Lefschetz thimble analysis. We point out that the SDE is not invariant under the variable change which induces a kernel and a special choice of the kernel guided by the Lefschetz thimble analysis can reduce the sign problem.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures: Contribution to Special Topics in J.Phys.Soc.Jpn
Isoetes echinospora Durieu
Creators: name: Konrad Lauber
name: Gerhart Wagner
name: Andreas Gygax
Publisher: name: Haupt Verlag
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Isoetales
Isoetaceae
Isoetes
Isoetes echinospora

description: Isoëtes echinospora Durieu
Artbeschreibung: Ähnlich wie I. lacustris, aber Blätter hellgrün, schlaff ausgebreitet, lang zugespitzt, durchscheinend, Epidermiszellen 3-4mal so lang wie breit (bei I. lacustris 8-10mal). Die grösseren, weiblichen Sporen (in den Sporangien am Grund der äusseren Blätter gebildet) mit dünnen, leicht abbrechenden Stacheln, 0,4-0,55 mm breit (bei I. lacustris flachhöckrig-runzlig, 0,5-0,7 mm breit).
Blütezeit: 7-9
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Nährstoffarme Seen / (kollin-)alpin / Nordtessin, früher Langensee und Bodensee
Verbreitung global: Mittel- und nordeuropäisch
Ökologische Zeigerwerte nach Landolt & al. (2010)
BodenfaktorenKlimafaktorenSalztoleranzFeuchtezahl Füberschwemmt, bzw. unter Wasser; in der Regel im Wasser untergetauchtLichtzahl LhalbschattigSalzzeichen--Reaktionszahl Rschwach sauer bis neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)Temperaturzahl Tsubalpin (Fichtenwälder ohne Buchen bis zur Obergrenze der Fichte)Nährstoffzahl Nsehr nährstoffarmKontinentalitätszahl Ksubozeanisch (hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit, geringe Temperaturschwankungen, eher milde Winter)
Volksname Deutscher Name: Stachelsporiges Brachsenkraut Nom français: Isoète à spores hérissées Nome italiano: Calamaria setacea
description: Published as part of Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner & Andreas Gygax, 2018, Flora Helvetica - Isoetaceae, pp. 60 in Flora Helvetica, Bern :Haupt Verlag on page 60
FOSTERING SELF-EFFICACY THROUGH CONCEPT MAPPING IN NURSING EDUCATION.
Creators: name: Dr. Amina Ahmed, El-Mahdy
name: Prof. Mahmoud Samir, Saad
Publisher: name: keith journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: healthcare professionals, change theories, nursing education, concept mapping, curricula, reflective practice, learning outcomes, metacognitive skills, clinical environments, healthcare landscape.

description: In today's healthcare landscape, organizations seek specific changes in healthcare professionals. Change theories necessitate the application of innovative strategies to the educational process. Simultaneously, nursing education places greater emphasis on reflective practice to effect positive transformations in clinical settings (Shellenbarger.T & Robb M., 2015). Consequently, the utilization of Concept Mapping (CM) in nursing, as a modern teaching method, holds promise. CM relies on the concept of reciprocal correlation in its design, as learning occurs through the establishment of connections between new and pre-existing concepts within the learner's cognitive framework (Moattari M, 2014). Successful development of nursing curricula can advance the field and offer a model for transitioning from traditional to a new paradigm, allowing students to actively engage in knowledge discovery and achieving learning outcomes. Students who rely on rote memorization to learn content often encounter challenges and may experience less successful learning (Jaafarpour M et al., 2015). The need for a change in curricula arises from the challenges faced by nursing as a profession in recent years. Nurses are now responsible for caring for patients with various known and unknown diagnoses, requiring perception and metacognitive skills to enhance performance in clinical settings (Rasulzadeh N. et al., 2015; Billings and J. Halstead, 2009).
Calopteryx exul Selys 1853
Creators: name: Martin, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1910
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx
Calopteryx exul

description: 4. Calopteryx exul Sélys.
Espèce indigène, trouvée d'abord au confluent du Rummel et de Bou-Mersoug, prés de Constantine, où pendant longtemps on a pensé qu'elle était localisée, mais observée depuis sur une foule de ruisseaux. Je l’ai trouvée près d'Alger, puis en nombre considérable sur le ruisseau d'El-Guerra, sur le Rummel, et sur presque tous les ruisseaux de la Province. Elle voltige en troupes nombreuses, ordinairement mêlée aux ltacntorrlzoïdalis et à quelques splendens. Les mâles et les femelles sont en nombre égal.
description: Published as part of Martin, R., 1910, Contribution à l'étude des Neuroptères de l'Afrique, pp. 82-104 in Annales Societe Entomologique France 79 on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3531643
Isoetes lacustris L.
Creators: name: Konrad Lauber
name: Gerhart Wagner
name: Andreas Gygax
Publisher: name: Haupt Verlag
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Isoetales
Isoetaceae
Isoetes
Isoetes lacustris

description: Isoëtes lacustris L.
Artbeschreibung: Auf dem Grund von bis 2 m tiefen stehenden Gewässern wurzelnde, binsenartige Pflanze mit dunkelgrünen, büschelig angeordneten, 2-3 mm dicken und 3-15 cm langen, +/- stielrunden, steifen Blättern, am Grund zwiebelförmig verdickt. Blätter kurz zugespitzt, kaum durchscheinend, im Querschnitt mit 4 grossen Luftkammern (vgl. Littorella). Sporangien auf der Oberseite des scheidigen BlattGrunds in einer Grube versenkt.
Blütezeit: 7-9
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Nährstoffarme Bergseen / alpin / AS (San Bernardino, Gotthard, Binntal)
Verbreitung global: Mittel- und nordeuropäisch
Ökologische Zeigerwerte nach Landolt & al. (2010)
BodenfaktorenKlimafaktorenSalztoleranzFeuchtezahl Füberschwemmt, bzw. unter Wasser; in der Regel im Wasser untergetauchtLichtzahl LhalbschattigSalzzeichen--Reaktionszahl Rsauer (pH 3.5-6.5)Temperaturzahl Tsubalpin (Fichtenwälder ohne Buchen bis zur Obergrenze der Fichte)Nährstoffzahl Nsehr nährstoffarmKontinentalitätszahl Ksubozeanisch (hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit, geringe Temperaturschwankungen, eher milde Winter)
Volksname Deutscher Name: See-Brachsenkraut Nom français: Isoète des lacs Nome italiano: Calamaria lacustre
description: Published as part of Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner & Andreas Gygax, 2018, Flora Helvetica - Isoetaceae, pp. 60 in Flora Helvetica, Bern :Haupt Verlag on page 60
Coarse-Grained Simulation Model for Crystalline Polymer Solids by using Breakable Bonds
Creators: name: Uneyama, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a highly coarse-grained simulation model for crystalline polymer solids with crystalline lamellar structures. The mechanical properties of a crystalline polymer solid are mainly determined by the crystalline lamellar structures. This means that coarse-grained models rather than fine-scale molecular models are suitable to study mechanical properties. We model a crystalline polymer solid by using highly coarse-grained particles, of which size is comparable to the crystalline layer thickness. One coarse-grained particle consists of multiple subchains, and is much larger than monomers. Coarse-grained particles are connected by bonds to form a network structure. Particles are connected by soft but ductile bonds, to form a rubber-like network. Particles in the crystalline region are connected by hard but brittle bonds. Brittle bonds are broken when large deformations are applied. We perform uniaxial elongation simulations based on our coarse-grained model. As the applied strain increases, crystalline layers are broken into pieces and non-affine and collective motions of broken pieces are observed. Our model can successfully reproduce yield behaviors which are similar to typical crystalline polymer solids.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Chem. B
Characterizing Information Seeking Processes with Multiple Physiological Signals
Creators: name: Ji, Kaixin
name: Hettiachchi, Danula
name: Salim, Flora D.
name: Scholer, Falk
name: Spina, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5; H.3.3; C.3

description: Information access systems are getting complex, and our understanding of user behavior during information seeking processes is mainly drawn from qualitative methods, such as observational studies or surveys. Leveraging the advances in sensing technologies, our study aims to characterize user behaviors with physiological signals, particularly in relation to cognitive load, affective arousal, and valence. We conduct a controlled lab study with 26 participants, and collect data including Electrodermal Activities, Photoplethysmogram, Electroencephalogram, and Pupillary Responses. This study examines informational search with four stages: the realization of Information Need (IN), Query Formulation (QF), Query Submission (QS), and Relevance Judgment (RJ). We also include different interaction modalities to represent modern systems, e.g., QS by text-typing or verbalizing, and RJ with text or audio information. We analyze the physiological signals across these stages and report outcomes of pairwise non-parametric repeated-measure statistical tests. The results show that participants experience significantly higher cognitive loads at IN with a subtle increase in alertness, while QF requires higher attention. QS involves demanding cognitive loads than QF. Affective responses are more pronounced at RJ than QS or IN, suggesting greater interest and engagement as knowledge gaps are resolved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores user behaviors in a search process employing a more nuanced quantitative analysis of physiological signals. Our findings offer valuable insights into user behavior and emotional responses in information seeking processes. We believe our proposed methodology can inform the characterization of more complex processes, such as conversational information seeking.
Lestes viridis Vander Linden 1825
Creators: name: Martin, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1910
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Lestidae
Lestes
Lestes viridis

description: 1. Lestes viridis Lind.
Généralement répandue. Je ne l'ai pas pas trouvée sur les lacs, mais elle y a été cependant observée. Elle est assez commune à Constantine, commune aux environs de Bone et excessivement commune dans les mares et les fosses aux environs de Philippeville.
description: Published as part of Martin, R., 1910, Contribution à l'étude des Neuroptères de l'Afrique, pp. 82-104 in Annales Societe Entomologique France 79 on page 102, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3531643
Towards Inclusive Face Recognition Through Synthetic Ethnicity Alteration
Creators: name: Chandaliya, Praveen Kumar
name: Raja, Kiran
name: Ramachandra, Raghavendra
name: Akhtar, Zahid
name: Busch, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Numerous studies have shown that existing Face Recognition Systems (FRS), including commercial ones, often exhibit biases toward certain ethnicities due to under-represented data. In this work, we explore ethnicity alteration and skin tone modification using synthetic face image generation methods to increase the diversity of datasets. We conduct a detailed analysis by first constructing a balanced face image dataset representing three ethnicities: Asian, Black, and Indian. We then make use of existing Generative Adversarial Network-based (GAN) image-to-image translation and manifold learning models to alter the ethnicity from one to another. A systematic analysis is further conducted to assess the suitability of such datasets for FRS by studying the realistic skin-tone representation using Individual Typology Angle (ITA). Further, we also analyze the quality characteristics using existing Face image quality assessment (FIQA) approaches. We then provide a holistic FRS performance analysis using four different systems. Our findings pave the way for future research works in (i) developing both specific ethnicity and general (any to any) ethnicity alteration models, (ii) expanding such approaches to create databases with diverse skin tones, (iii) creating datasets representing various ethnicities which further can help in mitigating bias while addressing privacy concerns.
description: 8 Pages
Platanus orientalis L.
Creators: name: Konrad Lauber
name: Gerhart Wagner
name: Andreas Gygax
Publisher: name: Haupt Verlag
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Proteales
Platanaceae
Platanus
Platanus orientalis

description: Platanus orientalis L.
Artbeschreibung: Bis 30 m hoher Baum mit graufleckiger, abblätternder Rinde. Blätter bis etwa zur Mitte 5spaltig, Abschnitte grob gezähnt, ähnlich wie bei Acer platanoides (Nr.1018), jedoch +/- lederig, Mittelabschnitt deutlich länger als breit, am Grund oft keilförmig. Einhäusig: Männliche und weibliche Blüten in getrennten, kugeligen Blütenständen, diese an langem Stiel perlschnurartig angeordnet.
Blütezeit: 5
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Als Park- und Alleebaum kultiviert / kollin /
Verbreitung global: Stammt aus Südosteuropa und Südwestasien
Ökologische Zeigerwerte nach Landolt & al. (2010)
BodenfaktorenKlimafaktorenSalztoleranzFeuchtezahl Ffeucht; Feuchtigkeit mässig wechselnd (± 1-2 Stufen)Lichtzahl LhalbschattigSalzzeichen--Reaktionszahl Rschwach sauer bis neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)Temperaturzahl Twarm-kollinNährstoffzahl NnährstoffreichKontinentalitätszahl Kozeanisch (sehr hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit, sehr geringe Temperaturschwankungen, milde Winter)
Volksname Deutscher Name: Asiatische Platane Nom français: Platane d'Orient Nome italiano: Platano orientale
description: Published as part of Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner & Andreas Gygax, 2018, Flora Helvetica - Platanaceae, pp. 178 in Flora Helvetica, Bern :Haupt Verlag on page 178
The joint distribution of first return times and of the number of distinct sites visited by a 1D random walk before returning to the origin
Creators: name: Gruda, Mordechai
name: Biham, Ofer
name: Katzav, Eytan
name: Kühn, Reimer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analytical results for the joint probability distribution $P(T_{FR}=t,S=s)$ of first return (FR) times t and of the number of distinct sites s visited by a random walk (RW) on a one dimensional lattice before returning to the origin. The RW on a one dimensional lattice is recurrent, namely the probability to return to the origin is $P_{R}=1$. However the mean $\langle T_{FR}\rangle$ of the distribution $P(T_{FR}=t)$ of first return times diverges. Similarly, the mean $\langle S\rangle$ of the distribution $P(S=s)$ of the number of distinct sites visited before returning to the origin also diverges. The joint distribution $P(T_{FR}=t,S=s)$ provides a formulation that controls these divergences and accounts for the interplay between the kinetic and geometric properties of first return trajectories. We calculate the conditional distributions $P(T_{FR}=t|S=s)$ and $P(S=s|T_{FR}=t)$. We find that the conditional expectation value of first return times of trajectories that visit s distinct sites is ${\mathbb E}[T_{FR}|S=s]=\frac{2}{3}(s^2+s+1)$, and the variance is $Var(T_{FR}|S=s)=\frac{4}{45}(s-1)(s+2)(s^2+s-1)$. We also find that in the asymptotic limit, the conditional expectation value of the number of distinct sites visited by an RW that first returns to the origin at time $t=2n$ is ${\mathbb E}[S|T_{FR}=2n] \simeq \sqrt{πn}$, and the variance is $Var(S|T_{FR}=2n) \simeq π\left(\fracπ{3}-1\right)n$. These results go beyond the important recent results of Klinger et al. [{\it Phys. Rev. E} {\bf 105}, 034116 (2022)], who derived a closed form expression for the generating function of the joint distribution, but did not go further to extract an explicit expression for the joint distribution itself. The joint distribution provides useful insight on the efficiency of random search processes, in which the aim is to cover as many sites as possible in a given number of steps.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
Algorithmic modelling of a complex redundant multi-state system subject to multiple events, preventive maintenance, loss of units and a multiple vacation policy through a MMAP
Creators: name: Ruiz-Castro, Juan Eloy
name: Zapata-Ceballos, Hugo Alaín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A complex multi-state redundant system undergoing preventive maintenance and experiencing multiple events is being considered in a continuous time frame. The online unit is susceptible to various types of failures, both internal and external in nature, with multiple degradation levels present, both internally and externally. Random inspections are continuously monitoring these degradation levels, and if they reach a critical state, the unit is directed to a repair facility for preventive maintenance. The repair facility is managed by a single repairperson, who follows a multiple vacation policy dependent on the operational status of the units. The repairperson is responsible for two primary tasks: corrective repairs and preventive maintenance. The time durations within the system follow phase-type distributions, and the model is constructed using Markovian Arrival Processes with marked arrivals. A variety of performance measures, including transient and stationary distributions, are calculated using matrix-analytic methods. This approach enables the expression of key results and overall system behaviour in a matrix-algorithmic format. In order to optimize the model, costs and rewards are integrated into the analysis. A numerical example is presented to showcase the model's flexibility and effectiveness in real-world applications.
Platanus hispanica Muenchh.
Creators: name: Konrad Lauber
name: Gerhart Wagner
name: Andreas Gygax
Publisher: name: Haupt Verlag
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Proteales
Platanaceae
Platanus
Platanus hispanica

description: Platanus × hispanica Münchh.
Artbeschreibung: Hybride P. orientalis x occidentalis (amerikanisch). Ähnlich wie P. orientalis, aber Blätter weniger tief geteilt, am Grund gestutzt bis herzförmig, Mittellappen wenig schmaler bis breiter als lang.
Blütezeit: 5
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Als Park- und Alleebaum kultiviert / kollin / Häufiger als P. orientalis
Ökologische Zeigerwerte nach Landolt & al. (2010)
BodenfaktorenKlimafaktorenSalztoleranzFeuchtezahl Ffeucht; Feuchtigkeit mässig wechselnd (± 1-2 Stufen)Lichtzahl LhalbschattigSalzzeichen--Reaktionszahl Rschwach sauer bis neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)Temperaturzahl Twarm-kollinNährstoffzahl Nmässig nährstoffarm bis mässig nährstoffreichKontinentalitätszahl Ksubozeanisch (hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit, geringe Temperaturschwankungen, eher milde Winter)
Volksname Deutscher Name: Bastard-Platane Nom français: Platane d'Espagne Nome italiano: Platano di Spagna
description: Published as part of Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner & Andreas Gygax, 2018, Flora Helvetica - Platanaceae, pp. 178 in Flora Helvetica, Bern :Haupt Verlag on page 178