cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous membranes for medical and biological applications
Creators: name: Curtiss, Larry A.
name: Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A.
name: Adiga, Shashishekar P.
name: Jin, Chunmin
name: Narayan, Roger J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Synthetic nanoporous materials have numerous potential biological and medical applications that involve sorting, sensing, isolating and releasing biological molecules. Nanoporous systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are actively being developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bioartificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. Recent advances in nanoscience have made it possible to precisely control the morphology as well as physical and chemical properties of the pores in nanoporous materials that make them increasingly attractive for regulating and sensing transport at the molecular level. In this work, an overview of nanoporous membranes for biomedical applications is given. Various in vivo and in vitro membrane applications, including biosensing, biosorting, immunoisolation and drug delivery, are presented. Different types of nanoporous materials and their fabrication techniques are discussed with an emphasis on membranes with ordered pores. Desirable properties of membranes used in implantable devices, including biocompatibility and antibiofouling behavior, are discussed. The use of surface modification techniques to improve the function of nanoporous membranes is reviewed. Despite the extensive research carried out in fabrication, characterization, and modeling of nanoporous materials, there are still several challenges that must be overcome in order to create synthetic nanoporous systems that behave similarly to their biological counterparts.
A destination-preserving model for simulating Wardrop equilibria in traffic flow on networks
Creators: name: Cristiani, Emiliano
name: Priuli, Fabio S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we propose a LWR-like model for traffic flow on networks which allows one to track several groups of drivers, each of them being characterized only by their destination in the network. The path actually followed to reach the destination is not assigned a priori, and can be chosen by the drivers during the journey, taking decisions at junctions. The model is then used to describe three possible behaviors of drivers, associated to three different ways to solve the route choice problem: 1. Drivers ignore the presence of the other vehicles; 2. Drivers react to the current distribution of traffic, but they do not forecast what will happen at later times; 3. Drivers take into account the current and future distribution of vehicles. Notice that, in the latter case, we enter the field of differential games, and, if a solution exists, it likely represents a global equilibrium among drivers. Numerical simulations highlight the differences between the three behaviors and suggest the existence of multiple Wardrop equilibria.
Top-Down Particle Fabrication: Control of Size and Shape for Diagnostic Imaging and Drug Delivery
Creators: name: Herlihy, Kevin P.
name: Canelas, Dorian A.
name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This review discusses rational design of particles for use as therapeutic vectors and diagnostic imaging agent carriers. The emerging importance of both particle size and shape is considered, and the adaptation and modification of soft lithography methods to produce nanoparticles is highlighted. To this end, studies utilizing particles made via a process called Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates (PRINT™) are discussed. In addition, insights gained into therapeutic cargo and imaging agent delivery from related types of polymer-based carriers are considered.
Potential pitfalls in microRNA profiling: Potential pitfalls in microRNA profiling
Creators: name: Chugh, Pauline
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally influence a wide range of cellular processes such as the host response to viral infection, innate immunity, cell cycle progression, migration and apoptosis through the inhibition of target mRNA translation. Due to the growing number of microRNAs and identification of their functional roles, miRNA profiling of many different sample types has become more expansive, especially with relevance to disease signatures. Here, we address some of the advantages and potential pitfalls of the currently available methods for miRNA expression profiling. Some of the topics discussed include isomiRNAs, comparison of different profiling platforms, normalization strategies and issues with regard to sample preparation and experimental analyses.
A T(P) theorem for Sobolev spaces on domains
Creators: name: Prats, Martí
name: Tolsa, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, V. Cruz, J. Mateu and J. Orobitg have proved a T(1) theorem for the Beurling transform in the complex plane. It asserts that given $02$ and a Lipschitz domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{C}$, the Beurling transform $Bf=- {\rm p.v.}\frac1{πz^2}*f$ is bounded in the Sobolev space $W^{s,p}(Ω)$ if and only if $Bχ_Ω\in W^{s,p}(Ω)$. In this paper we obtain a generalized version of the former result valid for any $s\in \mathbb{N}$ and for a larger family of Calderón-Zygmund operators in any ambient space $\mathbb{R}^d$ as long as $p>d$. In that case we need to check the boundedness not only over the characteristic function of the domain, but over a finite collection of polynomials restricted to the domain. Finally we find a sufficient condition in terms of Carleson measures for $p\leq d$. In the particular case $s=1$, this condition is in fact necessary, which yields a complete characterization.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures
Evolution of geodesic congruences in a gravitationally collapsing scalar field background
Creators: name: Shaikh, Rajibul
name: Kar, Sayan
name: DasGupta, Anirvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of timelike geodesic congruences in a spherically symmetric, nonstatic, inhomogeneous spacetime representing gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field is studied. We delineate how initial values of the expansion, rotation and shear of a congruence, as well as the spacetime curvature, influence the global behavior and focusing properties of a family of trajectories. Under specific conditions, the expansion scalar is shown to exhibit a finite jump (from negative to positive value) before focusing eventually occurs. This nonmonotonic behavior of the expansion, observed in our numerical work, is successfully explained through an analysis of the equation for the expansion. Finally, we bring out the role of the metric parameters (related to nonstaticity and spatial inhomogeneity), in shaping the overall behavior of geodesic congruences.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, revised version with new results
A Comparison of the Occurrence and Perceived Stress of Major Life Events in Black and White Women
Creators: name: Baird, Donna D.
name: Vines, Anissa I.
name: Esserman, Denise
name: Ta, Myduc
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To describe the occurrence and perceived stress of major life events (MLE), and to investigate whether adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES) reduced race/ethnicity differences.
title: Quelles sont les représentations sociales des parents envers les enseignants du primaire au canton de Vaud ?
title: Quelles sont les représentations sociales des parents envers les enseignants du primaire au canton de Vaud ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Duarte, Fanny
name: De Matos, Mélanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: représentations sociales
subject: professionnalisation
subject: identité professionnelle
subject: statut
subject: prestige
subject: croyances
subject: réputation

description: Aujourd’hui, en dépit de la critique récurrente des médias par les enseignants, il reste que les enfants ont bien d’autres outils pour accéder à d’autres univers culturels que celui de leur naissance. La culture scolaire ne devient qu’une culture parmi d’autres, sans doute plus exigeante, sans doute plus officielle, mais il n’empêche que la plupart des élèves peuvent voir au-delà de leur quartier, de leur village et de leur famille sans passer par l’école, et toute une légitimité tenant à une situation de monopole s’est effritée. (Dubet, 2002, p.56) Pourquoi l’enseignement perd son prestige ? Pour quelles raisons le métier n’est plus aussi réputé ? Quels facteurs occasionnent cette baisse de statut ? Pourquoi les croyances changent ? Au travers de ce travail, nous avons tenté de percevoir les représentations sociales réelles d’une partie de la population vaudoise sur le métier d’enseignant-e. Pour ce faire, nous sommes allées à la rencontre des parents de nos élèves en proposant un questionnaire. Ce dernier nous a permis de répondre aux questions qui nous interrogent quant aux représentations de notre futur métier.
Perceptions of the Community Food Environment and Related Influences on Food Choice Among Midlife Women Residing in Rural and Urban Areas: A Qualitative Analysis
Creators: name: Jilcott, Stephanie B.
name: Ammerman, Alice S.
name: Laraia, Barbara A.
name: Evenson, Kelly R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Qualitative research on food choice has rarely focused on individuals’ perceptions of the community food environment. Women remain gatekeepers of the family diet and food purchasing. Therefore we assessed midlife, Southern women's perceptions of the food environment. Related influences on food choices at work and at home were also examined.
Improved TPB-coated Light Guides for Liquid Argon TPC Light Detection Systems
Creators: name: Moss, Z.
name: Bugel, L.
name: Collin, G.
name: Conrad, J. M.
name: Jones, B. J. P.
name: Moon, J.
name: Toups, M.
name: Wongjirad, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scintillation light produced in liquid argon (LAr) must be shifted from 128 nm to visible wavelengths in light detection systems used for liquid argon time-projection chambers (LArTPCs). To date, LArTPC light collection systems have employed tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) coatings on photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or plates placed in front of the PMTs. Recently, a new approach using TPB-coated light guides was proposed. In this paper, we report on light guides with improved attenuation lengths above 100 cm when measured in air. This is an important step in the development of meter-scale light guides for future LArTPCs. Improvements come from using a new acrylic-based coating, diamond-polished cast UV transmitting acrylic bars, and a hand-dipping technique to coat the bars. We discuss a model for connecting bar response in air to response in liquid argon and compare this to data taken in liquid argon. The good agreement between the prediction of the model and the measured response in liquid argon demonstrates that characterization in air is sufficient for quality control of bar production. This model can be used in simulations of light guides for future experiments.
description: 25 pages, 20 figures
Changes in Physical Activity Among Postpartum Overweight and Obese Women: Results from the KAN-DO Study
Creators: name: Østbye, Truls
name: Evenson, Kelly R.
name: Brouwer, Rebecca J. N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Few studies have assessed physical activity at multiple time points in the postpartum period or used both self-reported and objective measures of assessment. The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity and sedentary behavior at two time points in a cohort of overweight or obese postpartum women using both self-reported and objective measures. In total, 132 women completed physical activity assessments at a median of 24 weeks postpartum and again approximately 10 months later. At both time points, women wore an Actical accelerometer for one week and completed the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey at both time points. Adjusted Poisson regression models were used to determine whether physical activity changed over time for the cohort. Overall counts per minute and moderate to vigorous physical activity increased from baseline to 10-months later, although the absolute levels were modest (median 6.9 to 8.8 minutes/day). A median of 64–71% at baseline and 63–67% at follow-up of their monitored time was sedentary. More intensive interventions are needed to help postpartum women integrate physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior.
About a possible analytic approach for walks in the quarter plane with arbitrary big jumps
Creators: name: Fayolle, Guy
name: Raschel, Kilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note, we consider random walks in the quarter plane with arbitrary big jumps. We announce the extension to that class of models of the analytic approach of [G. Fayolle, R. Iasnogorodski, and V. Malyshev, Random walks in the quarter plane, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1999)], initially valid for walks with small steps in the quarter plane. New technical challenges arise, most of them being tackled in the framework of generalized boundary value problems on compact Riemann surfaces.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, extended abstract
Repulsively interacting fermions in a two-dimensional deformed trap with spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Marchukov, O. V.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Volosniev, A. G.
name: Zinner, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a two-dimensional system of with two values of the internal (spin) degree of freedom. It is confined by a deformed harmonic trap and subject to a Zeeman field, Rashba or Dresselhaus one-body spin-orbit couplings and two-body short range repulsion. We obtain self-consistent mean-field $N$-body solutions as functions of the interaction parameters. Single-particle Spectra and total energies are computed and compared to the results without interaction. We perform a statistical analysis for the distributions of nearest neighbor energy level spacings and show that quantum signatures of chaos are seen in certain parameters regimes. Furthermore, the effects of two-body repulsion on the nearest neighbor distributions are investigated. This repulsion can either promote or destroy the signatures of potential chaotic behavior depending on relative strengths of parameters. Our findings support the suggestion that cold atoms may be used to study quantum chaos both in the presence and absence of interactions.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, revised version
CONTRIBUTO ALLO STUDIO DELLE SOCIET� A PARTECIPAZIONE PUBBLICA ALLA LUCE DEL NUOVO TESTO UNICO (D.LGS. 19 AGOSTO 2016, N. 175)
Creators: name: VESCOVI, MATTEO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: La tesi analizza il modello di societ� emergente dal nuovo Testo unico in materia di societ� a partecipazione pubblica, giungendo alla conclusione che il legislatore della riforma abbia optato per la riconduzione di queste entit� allo schema societario privatistico, declinato nei tipi previsti dal Codice civile. Di converso le esigenze di tutela dell?interesse pubblico, persa definitivamente la capacit� di snaturare il modello civilistico tipico, rimangono extrasociali, confinate nella fase a monte dell?evidenza pubblica. Per apprezzare compiutamente la portata di tali approdi, l?analisi del Testo unico � preceduta da una ricostruzione del tortuoso itinerario delle societ� a partecipazione pubblica nel nostro ordinamento, che nel corso degli anni ha registrato oscillazioni tra opposte polarit� e contrasti interpretativi profondi, frutto del complesso rapporto tra pubblici poteri ed economia.
MPEC 2023-D76 : 2023 DG1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 DG1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
LA PROFESSIONE FORENSE E IL PROCESSO DI INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA
Creators: name: BUGATTI, LAURA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: The legal profession is evolving greatly in response to the EU?s approach focusing on the aim of guaranteeing lawyers the possibility to supply their services into the european context. Moreover, there is a prevailing the will to introduce the competition rules also in the professional service. As a matter of fact, there are no doubts that the professions have experienced a deep transformation whereas the competition rules in the market place have begun to penetrate in this field, especially in those Member States where legal professions are traditionally closely regulated by national governments and professional bodies, with differing restrictions (such as price regulation and advertising restrictions). As regards the qualitative access restrictions, taking the different forms of minimum periods of education, periods of professional experience and professional examinations, it seems that they can provide the right quality standard for professional services. EU's Member States have reached a high level of harmonization in the legal education; thus providing an important contribution in order to ensure that only practitioners having appropriate qualifications and competence can supply their legal service into the Internal Market.
Rejection Sensitivity, Perceived Power, and HIV Risk in the Relationships of Low-Income Urban Women
Creators: name: Berenson, Kathy R.
name: Thomas Fishman, Marget
name: Paprocki, Christine
name: Bhushan, Devika
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Downey, Geraldine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The psychological processes associated with HIV infection in long-term relationships differ from those operative in casual sexual encounters, and relatively little research has considered the aspects of personality applicable in the ongoing heterosexual relationships in which women are at greatest risk. Sensitivity to rejection has been linked with efforts to prevent rejection at a cost to the self and therefore may be relevant to the health risks that many women incur in relationships. We examined the association of rejection sensitivity with women’s sexual risk behavior in a sample of women at heightened risk for HIV exposure. Women in long-term heterosexual relationships (N = 159) were recruited for study participation in the hospital emergency room serving a low-income neighborhood in New York City, in 2001–2003. Rejection sensitivity and known HIV risk factors were assessed using verbally administered questionnaires. Rejection sensitivity was associated with lower perceived relationship power and in turn, more frequent unprotected sex with a partner perceived to be at risk for HIV. These results held when controlling for other HIV risk factors including partner violence, economic dependence, and substance use. Understanding the association of rejection concerns with lower perceived personal power in relationships may be important for HIV prevention.
An investigative expansion of a competing risk model for first failure site in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Lacoppidan, Thomas
name: Vogelius, Ivan R.
name: Pøhl, Mette
name: Strange, Malene
name: Persson, Gitte F.
name: Nygård, Lotte
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Introduction: We hypothesized that gross tumor volume (GTV) of primary tumor (GTVT) and nodal volumes (GTVN) were predictors of first failure site in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed at also comparing the prognostic model’s complexity to its ability to generate absolute risk predictions with emphasis on variables available at the time of diagnosis. Materials and methods: Three hundred and forty-two patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for adenocarcinoma (AC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 2009–2017 were analyzed. Clinical data, standardized uptake values on FDG-PET/CT, GTVT and GTVN were analyzed using multivariate competing risk models. Results: One hundred and thirty-seven patients had SCC. As first site of failure 49 had locoregional failure (LRF), 40 had distant metastasis (DM) and 24 died with no evidence of disease (NED). In 205 patients with AC, 34 had LRF, 118 had DM as first failure site and 17 died with NED. Performance status predicted LRF (p = .02) and UICC stage risk of DM (p = .05 for stage 3, p p = .001). Conversely, AC had a higher rate of DM than SCC (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: (1.5–3.0], p p = .001), but with smaller impact on absolute risk compared to histopathology. Separation of GTV in nodal and tumor lesions did not improve risk predictions. Conclusions: We quantified the effect of adding volumetric and quantitative imaging to competing risk models of first failure site, but did not find tumor volume components to be important. Histopathology remains the simplest and most important factor in prognosticating failure patterns in NSCLC.
A Group Theoretical Approach to Graviton Two-Point Function
Creators: name: Rahbardehghan, S.
name: Pejhan, H.
name: Elmizadeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Respecting the group theoretical approach, it is debated that the theory of linear conformal gravity should be formulated through a tensor field of rank-3 and mixed symmetry \cite{binegar}. Pursuing this path, such a field equation was obtained in de Sitter space \cite{takook}. In present work, considering the de Sitter ambient space notation, a proper solution to the physical part of this field equation is obtained. We have also calculated the related two-point function, which is interestingly de Sitter invariant and free of infrared divergence.
description: 10 pages
Predicting late magnetic resonance image changes in glioma patients after proton therapy
Creators: name: J. Eulitz
name: E.G.C. Troost
name: F. Raschke
name: E. Schulz
name: B. Lutz
name: A. Dutz
name: S. Löck
name: P. Wohlfahrt
name: W. Enghardt
name: C. Karpowitz
name: M. Krause
name: A. Lühr
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Predicting late magnetic resonance image changes in glioma patients after proton therapy
Dual-tracer PET of viable tumor volume and hypoxia for identification of necrosis-containing radio-resistant Sub-volumes
Creators: name: Busk, Morten
name: Horsman, Michael R.
name: Overgaard, Jens
name: Jakobsen, Steen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) using hypoxia-selective tracers like FAZA may guide radiation dose-escalation approaches. However, poor resolution combined with slow tracer retention in relatively inaccessible target cells and slow clearance of unbound tracer results in low-contrast images, and areas where viable hypoxic tracer retaining cells and necrosis (no tracer) are intermixed may pass unnoticed during image thresholding. Here we hypothesized that a clinical feasible one-day dual tracer approach that combines a short-lived (e.g., 11C labeled) metabolic tracer that provides voxel-wise information on viable tissue volume (preferably independently of tumor microenvironment) and a hypoxia marker, may limit threshold-based errors. Material and methods:11C-acetate and 11C-methionine uptake was quantified in tumor cell lines under tumor microenvironment-mimicking conditions of high/low O2 (21%/0%) and pH (7.4/6.7). Next, tumor-bearing mice were administered FAZA and sacrificed 1 h (mimics a clinical low-contrast image scenario) or 4 h (high contrast) later. In addition, all mice were administered pimonidazole (hypoxia) and 14C-methionine 1 h prior to sacrifice. Tumor tissue sections were analyzed using dual-tracer autoradiography. Finally, FAZA, or FAZA normalized to 14C-methionine retention (to adjust for differences in viable tissue volume) was compared to hypoxic fraction (deduced from immune-histological analysis of pimonidazole; ground truth) in PET-mimicking macroscopic pixels with variable extent of necrosis/hypoxia. Results/conclusions: Low pH stimulated 11C-acetate retention in many cell lines, and uptake was further modified by anoxia, compromising its usefulness as a universal marker of viable tumor volume. In contrast, 11C-methionine was largely unaffected by the in vitro microenvironment and was further tested in mice. Necrosis increased the risk of missing hypoxia-containing pixels during thresholding and hypoxic fraction and FAZA signal correlated poorly in the low contrast-scenario. Voxel-based normalization to 14C-methionine increased the likelihood of detecting voxels harboring hypoxic cells profoundly, but did not consistently improve the correlation between the density of hypoxic cells and tracer signal.
Disorder in the Early Universe
Creators: name: Green, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Little is known about the microscopic physics that gave rise to inflation in our universe. There are many reasons to wonder if the underlying description requires a careful arrangement of ingredients or if inflation was the result of an essentially random process. At a technical level, randomness in the microphysics of inflation is closely related to disorder in solids. We develop the formalism of disorder for inflation and investigate the observational consequences of quenched disorder. We find that a common prediction is the presence of additional noise in the power spectrum or bispectrum. At a phenomenological level, these results can be recast in terms of a modulating field, allowing us to write the quadratic maximum likelihood estimator for this noise. Preliminary constraints on disorder can be derived from existing analyses but significant improvements should be possible with a dedicated treatment.
description: 29 pages; v2: typos fixed, minor changes, references added
Tunnel Magnetoresistance scan of a pristine three-dimensional topological insulator
Creators: name: Roy, Sthitadhi
name: Soori, Abhiram
name: Das, Sourin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though the Fermi surface of surface states of a 3D topological insulator (TI) has zero magnetization, an arbitrary segment of the full Fermi surface has a unique magnetic moment consistent with the type of spin-momentum locking in hand. We propose a three-terminal set up, which directly couples to the magnetization of a chosen segment of a Fermi surface hence leading to a finite tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) response of the nonmagnetic TI surface states, when coupled to spin polarized STM probe. This multiterminal TMR not only provides a unique signature of spin-momentum locking for a pristine TI but also provides a direct measure of momentum resolved out of plane polarization of hexagonally warped Fermi surfaces relevant for $Bi_2Te_3$, which could be as comprehensive as spin-resolved ARPES. Implication of this unconventional TMR is also discussed in the broader context of 2D spin-orbit (SO) materials.
description: Version accepted in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communications)
Characterization and radiosensitivity of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenografts
Creators: name: Lilja-Fischer, Jacob Kinggaard
name: Ulhøi, Benedicte Parm
name: Alsner, Jan
name: Stougaard, Magnus
name: Thomsen, Mette Skovhus
name: Busk, Morten
name: Lassen, Pernille
name: Steiniche, Torben
name: Viveque Egsgaard Nielsen
name: Overgaard, Jens
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Background: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are rising rapidly in incidence due to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and/or tobacco smoking. Prognosis is better for patients with HPV-positive disease, but may also be influenced by tobacco smoking and other factors. There is a need to individualize treatment to minimize morbidity and improve prognosis. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) is an emerging pre-clinical research model that may more accurately reflect the human disease, and is an attractive platform to study disease biology and develop treatments and biomarkers. In this study we describe the establishment of PDX models, compare PDX tumors to the human original, and assess the suitability of this model for radiotherapy research and biomarker development. Material and methods: Tumor biopsies from 34 patients with previously untreated OPSCC were implanted in immunodeficient mice, giving rise to 12 squamous cell carcinoma PDX models (7 HPV+, 5 HPV-). Primary and PDX tumors were characterized extensively, examining histology, immunohistochemistry, cancer gene sequencing and gene expression analysis. Radiosensitivity was assessed in vivo in a growth delay assay. Results: Established PDX models maintained histological and immunohistochemical characteristics as well as HPV-status of the primary tumor. Important cancer driver gene mutations, e.g., in TP53, PIK3CA and others, were preserved. Gene expression related to cancer stem cell markers and gene expression subtype were preserved, while gene expression related to hypoxia and immune response differed. Radiosensitivity studies showed high concordance with clinical observations. Conclusion: PDX from OPSCC preserves important molecular characteristics of the human primary tumor. Radiosensitivity were in accordance with clinically observed treatment response. The PDX model is a clinically relevant surrogate model of head and neck cancer. Perspectives include increased understanding of disease biology, which could lead to development of novel treatments and biomarkers.
title: Im Zeichen der Legitimität
Creators: name: Göd, Christoph
Year: 2022

description: Diese Dissertation geht der Frage nach, welchen Stellenwert der Legitimität in der Aufstandsbewältigung zukommt. Die Arbeit wählt hierzu einen interdisziplinären Ansatz aus Militärwissenschaft und Rechtsethik. Im ersten militärwissenschaftlichen Abschnitt wird das Wesen von Aufstand und Aufstandsbewältigung untersucht. Dabei wird herausgearbeitet, dass mangelnde Legitimität oftmals der Auslöser von Aufständen ist. Folglich hat sich Aufstandsbewältigung auf die Herstellung derselben zu fokussieren. Der rechtsethische Anschnitt wiederum geht der Frage nach, was unter dem Begriff der Legitimität eigentlich verstanden werden muss. Im dritten Abschnitt kommt es zu einer interdisziplinären Zusammenführung der in den ersten beiden Teilen getroffenen Erkenntnisse. Dabei wird deutlich, dass das in der Militärwissenschaft verwendete deskriptive Legitimitätsverständnis für die Aufstandsbewältigung ungeeignet ist. Es wird des Weiteren dargelegt, dass das in der Rechtswissenschaft zur Anwendung kommende präskriptive Legitimitätsverständnis zweckmäßiger ist. Im Anschluss daran wird legitime Herrschaftsgewalt definiert und die sich daraus ergebenden Maßnahmen zur Herstellung derart verstandener Legitimität dargelegt.
description: This dissertation tries to identify the role of legitimacy within Counterinsurgency. To answer this question, this dissertation utilizes an interdisciplinary approach. The first part examines the character of insurgency and Counterinsurgency from a military point of view. The chapter concludes that a lack of legitimacy is the main reason for an insurgency. Therefore, Counterinsurgency must focus on the reestablishment of legitimacy.The second part analyses how legal ethics define legitimacy. The third part of this dissertation brings both points of view together. It comes to the conclusion that the military science uses a descriptive understanding of legitimacy, which is improper for the purposes of Counterinsurgency. The author therefore concludes that a legal understanding of legitimacy has to be used to explain the role of legitimacy within the concept of counterinsurgency. Based on this understanding the dissertation thereafter describes the necessary actions to achieve legitimacy within a Counterinsurgency campaign.
Dynamical topological phases in quenched spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gas
Creators: name: Dong, Ying
name: Dong, Lin
name: Gong, Ming
name: Pu, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gas provides a totally new platform to realize topological superfluids and related topological excitations. Previous studies have mainly focused on the properties of the ground state. Here we consider a two-dimensional Fermi gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling subject to a perpendicular Zeeman field. For this system, we have found that its ground state topological structure is captured by the spin texture, which is readily measurable in experiments. We show that, when the Zeeman field is suddenly quenched, dynamical topological phases can be realized. More specifically, three post-quench dynamical phases can be identified according to the asymptotic behavior of the order parameter. In the undamped phase, a persistent oscillation of the order parameter may support a topological Floquet state with multiple edge states. In the Landau damped phase, the magnitude of the order parameter approaches a constant via a power-law decay, and this system can support a dynamical topological phase with a pair of edge states at the boundary. In the over-damped phase, the order parameter decays to zero exponentially although the condensate fraction remains finite. These predictions can be observed in the strong coupling regime of ultracold Fermi gas.
description: Nature Communications | Article
Radiation doses to brain substructures associated with cognition in radiotherapy of pediatric brain tumors
Creators: name: Toussaint, Laura
name: Indelicato, Daniel J.
name: Stokkevåg, Camilla H.
name: Lassen-Ramshad, Yasmin
name: Pedro, Catia
name: Mikkelsen, Ronni
name: Pinto, Marcos Di
name: Zuofeng Li
name: Flampouri, Stella
name: Vestergaard, Anne
name: Petersen, Jørgen B. B.
name: Schrøder, Henrik
name: Høyer, Morten
name: Muren, Ludvig P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Background: Several brain substructures associated with cognition (BSCs) are located close to typical pediatric brain tumors. Pediatric patients therefore have considerable risks of neurocognitive impairment after brain radiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the radiation doses received by BSCs for three common locations of pediatric brain tumor entities. Material and methods: For ten patients in each group [posterior fossa ependymoma (PFE), craniopharyngioma (CP), and hemispheric ependymoma (HE)], the cumulative fraction of BSCs volumes receiving various dose levels were analyzed. We subsequently explored the differences in dose pattern between the three groups and used available dose response models from the literature to estimate treatment-induced intelligence quotient (IQ) decline. Results: Doses to BSCs were found to differ considerably between the groups, depending on their position relative to the tumor. Large inter-patient variations were observed in the ipsilateral structures of the HE groups, and at low doses for all three groups. IQ decline estimates differed depending on the model applied, presenting larger variations in the HE group. Conclusion: While there were notable differences in the dose patterns between the groups, the extent of estimated IQ decline depended more on the model applied. This inter-model variability should be considered in dose–effect assessments on cognitive outcomes of pediatric patients.
Magnetic switching dynamics in a ferrimagnetic two sub-lattice model including ultrafast exchange scattering
Creators: name: Baral, Alexander
name: Schneider, Hans Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the heat-induced magnetization dynamics in a toy model of a ferrimagnetic alloy, which includes localized spins antiferromagnetically coupled to an itinerant carrier system with a Stoner gap. We determine the one-particle spin-density matrix including exchange scattering between localized and itinerant bands as well as scattering with phonons. While a transient ferromagnetic-like state can always be achieved by a sufficiently strong excitation, this transient ferromagnetic-like state only leads to magnetization switching for model parameters that also yield a compensation point in the equilibrium M(T) curve.
Staggered $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric ladders with cubic nonlinearity
Creators: name: D'Ambroise, Jennie
name: Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q60

description: We introduce a ladder-shaped chain with each rung carrying a $\mathcal{PT}$ -symmetric gain-loss dipole. The polarity of the dipoles is staggered along the chain, meaning that a rung bearing gain-loss is followed by one bearing loss-gain. This renders the system $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric in both horizontal and vertical directions. The system is governed by a pair of linearly coupled discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations with self-focusing or defocusing cubic onsite nonlinearity. Starting from the analytically tractable anti-continuum limit of uncoupled rungs and using the Newton's method for identifying solutions and parametric continuation in the inter-rung coupling for following the associated branches, we construct families of $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric discrete solitons and identify their stability regions. Waveforms stemming from a single excited rung, as well as ones from multiple rungs are identified. Dynamics of unstable solitons is presented too.
High accumulated doses to the inferior rectum are associated with late gastro-intestinal toxicity in a case-control study of prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy
Creators: name: Casares-Magaz, Oscar
name: Bülow, Steffen
name: Pettersson, Niclas J.
name: Moiseenko, Vitali
name: Pedersen, Jesper
name: Thor, Maria
name: Einck, John
name: Hopper, Austin
name: Knopp, Rick
name: Muren, Ludvig Paul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: High accumulated doses to the inferior rectum are associated with late gastro-intestinal toxicity in a case-control study of prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy
Gauging quantum states: from global to local symmetries in many-body systems
Creators: name: Haegeman, Jutho
name: Van Acoleyen, Karel
name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Verstraete, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an operational procedure to transform global symmetries into local symmetries at the level of individual quantum states, as opposed to typical gauging prescriptions for Hamiltonians or Lagrangians. We then construct a compatible gauging map for operators, which preserves locality and reproduces the minimal coupling scheme for simple operators. By combining this construction with the formalism of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS), we can show that an injective PEPS for the matter fields is gauged into a G-injective PEPS for the combined gauge-matter system, which potentially has topological order. We derive the corresponding parent Hamiltonian, which is a frustration free gauge theory Hamiltonian closely related to the Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian at zero coupling constant. We can then introduce gauge dynamics at finite values of the coupling constant by applying a local filtering operation. This scheme results in a low-parameter family of gauge invariant states of which we can accurately probe the phase diagram, as we illustrate by studying a Z2 gauge theory with Higgs matter.
description: restructured to better reflect the general and PEPS-specific part, added supplementary material on injectivity in PEPS
Plan-library supported automated replanning for online-adaptive intensity-modulated proton therapy of cervical cancer
Creators: name: Thyrza Z. Jagt
name: Breedveld, Sebastiaan
name: Haveren, Rens Van
name: Nout, Remi A.
name: Astreinidou, Eleftheria
name: Heijmen, Ben J. M.
name: Hoogeman, Mischa S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Intensity-modulated proton therapy is sensitive to inter-fraction variations, including density changes along the pencil-beam paths and variations in organ-shape and location. Large day-to-day variations are seen for cervical cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel method for online selection of a plan from a patient-specific library of prior plans for different anatomies, and adapt it for the daily anatomy. Material and methods: The patient-specific library of prior plans accounting for altered target geometries was generated using a pretreatment established target motion model. Each fraction, the best fitting prior plan was selected. This prior plan was adapted using (1) a restoration of spot-positions (Bragg peaks) by adapting the energies to the new water equivalent path lengths; and (2) a spot addition to fully cover the target of the day, followed by a fast optimization of the spot-weights with the reference point method (RPM) to obtain a Pareto-optimal plan for the daily anatomy. Spot addition and spot-weight optimization could be repeated iteratively. The patient cohort consisted of six patients with in total 23 repeat-CT scans, with a prescribed dose of 45 Gy(RBE) to the primary tumor and the nodal CTV. Using a 1-plan-library (one prior plan based on all motion in the motion model) was compared to choosing from a 2-plan-library (two prior plans based on part of the motion). Results: Applying the prior-plan adaptation method with one iteration of adding spots resulted in clinically acceptable target coverage (V95%≥95% and V107%≤2%) for 37/46 plans using the 1-plan-library and 41/46 plans for the 2-plan-library. When adding spots twice, the 2-plan-library approach could obtain acceptable coverage for all scans, while the 1-plan-library approach showed V107%>2% for 3/46 plans. Similar OAR results were obtained. Conclusion: The automated prior-plan adaptation method can successfully adapt for the large day-to-day variations observed in cervical cancer patients.
Search for dark matter in events with heavy quarks and missing transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reports on a search for dark matter pair production in association with bottom or top quarks in 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events with large missing transverse momentum are selected when produced in association with high-momentum jets of which one or more are identified as jets containing $b$-quarks. Final states with top quarks are selected by requiring a high jet multiplicity and in some cases a single lepton. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations and limits are set on the mass scale of effective field theories that describe scalar and tensor interactions between dark matter and Standard Model particles. Limits on the dark-matter--nucleon cross-section for spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions are also provided. These limits are particularly strong for low-mass dark matter. Using a simplified model, constraints are set on the mass of dark matter and of a coloured mediator suitable to explain a possible signal of annihilating dark matter.
description: 10 pages plus author list + cover pages (25 pages total), 7 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2014-01/