cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey IV: continuum imaging at 1367.5 MHz and the first data release of RACS-mid
Creators: name: Duchesne, S. W.
name: Thomson, A. J. M.
name: Pritchard, J.
name: Lenc, E.
name: Moss, V. A.
name: McConnell, D.
name: Wieringa, M. H.
name: Whiting, M. T.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Rose, K.
name: Raja, W.
name: Murphy, Tara
name: Leung, J. K.
name: Huynh, M. T.
name: Hotan, A. W.
name: Hodgson, T.
name: Heald, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is being used to undertake a campaign to rapidly survey the sky in three frequency bands across its operational spectral range. The first pass of the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) at 887.5 MHz in the low band has already been completed, with images, visibility datasets, and catalogues made available to the wider astronomical community through the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive (CASDA). This work presents details of the second observing pass in the mid band at 1367.5 MHz, RACS-mid, and associated data release comprising images and visibility datasets covering the whole sky south of declination $+$49$^\circ$. This data release incorporates selective peeling to reduce artefacts around bright sources, as well as accurately modelled primary beam responses. The Stokes I images reach a median noise of 198 $μ$Jy PSF$^{-1}$ with a declination-dependent angular resolution of 8.1 to 47.5 arcsec that fills a niche in the existing ecosystem of large-area astronomical surveys. We also supply Stokes V images after application of a widefield leakage correction, with a median noise of 165 $μ$Jy PSF$^{-1}$. We find the residual leakage of Stokes I into V to be $\lesssim$ 0.9 to 2.4 % over the survey. This initial RACS-mid data release will be complemented by a future release comprising catalogues of the survey region. As with other RACS data releases, data products from this release will be made available through CASDA.
description: 39 pages, 85 figure files, accepted for publication in PASA. For associated data see https://doi.org/10.25919/6mr6-rd83
Konstruktionen von Männlichkeit in der frühen Neuzeit
Creators: name: Brüstle, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 9 Nr. 3 (2002): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 9, Heft 3
Exotic symplectomorphisms and contact circle actions
Creators: name: Drobnjak, Dusan
name: Uljarevic, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using Floer-theoretic methods, we prove that the non-existence of an exotic symplectomorphism on the standard symplectic ball, $\mathbb{B}^{2n},$ implies a rather strict topological condition on the free contact circle actions on the standard contact sphere, $\mathbb{S}^{2n-1}.$ We also prove an analogue for a Liouville domain and contact circle actions on its boundary. Applications include results concerning the symplectic mapping class group and the fundamental group of the group of contactomorphisms.
description: v2: revision; 31 pages; 3 figures
Additional file 11 of AI-assisted evidence screening method for systematic reviews in environmental research: integrating ChatGPT with domain knowledge
Creators: name: Zuo, Chen
name: Yang, Xiaohao
name: Errickson, Josh
name: Li, Jiayang
name: Hong, Yi
name: Wang, Runzi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 11
Optimal control under spectral constraints: Enforcing multi-photon absorption pathways
Creators: name: Reich, Daniel M.
name: Palao, José P.
name: Koch, Christiane P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shaped pulses obtained by optimal control theory often possess unphysically broad spectra. In principle, the spectral width of a pulse can be restricted by an additional constraint in the optimization functional. However, it has so far been impossible to impose spectral constraints while strictly guaranteeing monotonic convergence. Here, we show that Krotov's method allows for simultaneously imposing temporal and spectral constraints without perturbing monotonic convergence, provided the constraints can be expressed as positive semi-definite quadratic forms. The optimized field is given by an integral equation which can be solved efficiently using the method of degenerate kernels. We demonstrate that Gaussian filters suppress undesired frequency components in the control of non-resonant two-photon absorption.
Matuto, Magbasa, Maglaro: Learning to read braille through play
Creators: name: MASc, Rhianne M. Lopez
name: Pinder, Shane D.
name: Davies, T. Claire
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In September 2016, Digital Learning for Development and All Children Reading released a “Grand Challenge for Development” urging researchers to explore the barriers that children with sensory disabilities in the Philippines face with respect to learning how to read. We sought to address one component of this challenge; engagement of persons with visual impairment in learning how to read in braille. The primary goal of this study was to engage in the co-design process to create a device to help young children with visual impairments learn to identify letters and short words in braille as a first step to reading. Participant questionnaires identified barriers of current reading devices including: accessibility, portability, durability, usability, and function. A design was prototyped based on results from a weighted evaluation matrix and feedback from partners who taught reading to persons with visual impairments. Usability testing showed that the device was easy to use and interactive. Suggestions for improvement included adding various learning modes and reducing the size, weight, and cost of the device. Results from this study highlight advantages of engaging in the co-design process and provide important data for other researchers developing devices for persons with visual impairments.
Tunable Photoluminescence of Monolayer MoS2 via Chemical Doping
Creators: name: Mouri, Shinichiro
name: Miyauchi, Yuhei
name: Matsuda, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the tunability of the photoluminescence (PL) properties of monolayer (1L)-MoS2 via chemical doping. The PL intensity of 1L-MoS2 was drastically enhanced by the adsorption of p-type dopants with high electron affinity, but reduced by the adsorption of n-type dopants. This PL modulation results from switching between exciton PL and trion PL depending on carrier density in 1L-MoS2. Achievement of the extraction and injection of carriers in 1L-MoS2 by this solution-based chemical doping method enables convenient control of optical and electrical properties of atomically thin MoS2.
Electron effective mass in Al$_{0.72}$Ga$_{0.28}$N alloys determined by mid-infrared optical Hall effect
Creators: name: Schöche, S.
name: Kühne, P.
name: Hofmann, T.
name: Schubert, M.
name: Nilsson, D.
name: Kakanakova-Georgieva, A.
name: Janzén, E.
name: Darakchieva, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective electron mass parameter in Si-doped Al$_{0.72}$Ga$_{0.28}$N is determined to be $m^\ast=(0.336\pm0.020)\,m_0$ from mid-infrared optical Hall effect measurements. No significant anisotropy of the effective electron mass parameter is found supporting theoretical predictions. Assuming a linear change of the effective electron mass with the Al content in AlGaN alloys and $m^\ast=0.232\,m_0$ for GaN, an average effective electron mass of $m^\ast=0.376\,m_0$ can be extrapolated for AlN. The analysis of mid-infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements further confirms the two phonon mode behavior of the E$_1$(TO) and one phonon mode behavior of the A$_1$(LO) phonon mode in high-Al-content AlGaN alloys as seen in previous Raman scattering studies.
Optical "fingerprints" of dielectric resonators
Creators: name: Chetverikova, A. P.
name: Bochkarev, M. E.
name: Solodovchenko, N. S.
name: Samusev, K. B.
name: Limonov, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete picture of the optical properties of resonant structures, along with the frequency, quality factor, and line shape in the scattering spectra, is determined by the electromagnetic field distribution patterns, which are a kind of "fingerprint" of each resonant eigenmode. In this paper, we simultaneously analyze the changes in the spectra and the transformation of the field pattern during the topological transitions from a thin disk to a ring with a gradually increasing thickness and further to a split ring. In addition, we demonstrate characteristic optical fingerprints for well-known interference effects such as bound states in the continuum and Fano resonances.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
An Inverse Problem of the Calculus of Variations on Arbitrary Time Scales
Creators: name: Dryl, Monika
name: Malinowska, Agnieszka B.
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34N05, 49N45

description: We consider an inverse extremal problem for variational functionals on arbitrary time scales. Using the Euler-Lagrange equation and the strengthened Legendre condition, we derive a general form for a variational functional that attains a local minimum at a given point of the vector space.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will appear in International Journal of Difference Equations, ISSN 0973-6069 (See http://campus.mst.edu/ijde). Submitted Nov 27, 2013; Revised Jan 24, 2014; Accepted Jan 31, 2014
Determinants of Market Participation in Nigerian Small-Scale Fishery Sector: Evidence from Niger Delta Region
Creators: name: Onoja, Anthony O.
name: Usoroh, B. B.
name: Adieme, D. T.
name: Deedam, N.J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Fish culturists
Fishes--Marketing
Aquatic sciences
Economics
Agriculture

description: This study was designed to determine the factors that influence fisher farmers to participate in the marketing of their produce in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A total of 120 fish farmers were randomly selected for the study. The data gathered through the use of a structured questionnaire were analyzed using the logistic regression model. The probability of participating in fish marketing was significantly determined by household size, distant to the nearest marketing channel, price of the commodity and sex of the fish farmer/marketer.  Market infrastructure development, provision of marketing incentives to women and development of an institutionalized marketing information service are recommended.
M Giants with IGRINS II. Chemical Evolution of Fluorine at High Metallicities
Creators: name: Nandakumar, G.
name: Ryde, N.
name: Mace, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin and evolution of fluorine in the Milky Way galaxy is still in debate. In particular, the increase of the [F/Fe] in metal-rich stars found from near-IR HF-lines is challenging to explain theoretically. We determine the fluorine abundances from 50 M giants in the solar neighbourhood spanning a broad range of metallicities (-0.9<[Fe/H]<0.25 dex). These stars are cool enough to have an array of HF lines in the K band. We observed the stars with the IGRINS and investigate each of ten HF molecular lines in detail. Based on a detailed line-by-line analysis of ten HF lines, we find that the R19, R18 and R16 lines should primarily be used for abundance analysis. The R15, R14 and R13 lines can also be used, but the trends based on these lines show increasing dependencies with the stellar parameters. The strongest HF lines, namely R12, R11, R9 and R7 should be avoided since the abundances from them show significant trends with the stellar parameters, and a high sensitivity to variations in the microturbulence, especially for coolest metal-rich stars. This leads to a huge scatter and high fluorine abundances for supersolar metallicity stars, not seen in the trends from the weaker lines for the same stars. When estimating the final mean fluorine abundance trend versus metallicity, we neglect the fluorine abundances from the four strongest lines (R7, R9, R11 and R12) for all stars and use only those derived from R16, R18, and R19 for the coolest metal-rich stars. We confirm the flat trend of [F/Fe] found in other studies in the metallicity range of -1.0<[Fe/H]<0.0. We also find a slight enhancement at supersolar metallicities (0<[Fe/H]<0.15) but we cannot confirm the upward trend seen at [Fe/H]>0.25. We need more observations of M giants at super solar metallicities with a spectrometer like IGRINS to confirm if the metal-rich fluorine abundance upturn is real or not.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Multi-height Scattering Phase Shifts From Sunspots And Phase Differences Between Photospheric Heights With SDO/HMI and AIA Data
Creators: name: Couvidat, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following Couvidat (2013), we analyze data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instruments onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory: Doppler velocity and continuum intensity at 6173 A as well as intensity maps at 1600 A and 1700 A. Datasets of 14 active regions and four quiet-Sun regions are studied at four heights in the solar photosphere. An Hankel-Fourier analysis is performed around these regions of interest. Outgoing-ingoing scattering phase shifts at a given atmospheric height are computed, as well as ingoing-ingoing and outgoing-outgoing phase differences between two atmospheric heights. The outgoing-ingoing phase shifts produced by sunspots show little dependence on measurement height, unlike the acoustic power reduction measured in Couvidat (2013). Phenomena happening above continuum level, like acoustic glories, appear not to have a significant effect on the phases. However there is a strong dependence on sunspot size, line-of-sight magnetic flux, and intensity contrast. As previously suggested by other groups, the region of wave scattering appears both horizontally smaller and vertically less extended than the region of acoustic power suppression, and occurs closer to the surface. Results presented here should help refine theoretical models of acoustic wave scattering by magnetic fields. Ingoing-ingoing phase differences between two measurement heights are also computed and show a complex pattern highly dependent on atmospheric height. In particular, a significant sensitivity of AIA signals to lower chromospheric layers is shown. Finally, ingoing-ingoing minus outgoing-outgoing phase differences between various measurement heights are discussed.
description: accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Pseudoscalar meson decay constants and distribution amplitudes up to twist-4 in the light-front quark model
Creators: name: Arifi, Ahmad Jafar
name: Choi, Ho-Meoyng
name: Ji, Chueng-Ryong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the light-front quark model (LFQM) amenable to the simultaneous study of both the mass spectroscopy and the wave function related observables, we examine the decay constants and distribution amplitudes (DAs) up to the twist-4. The analysis of the heavy pseudoscalar mesons is carried out both in the $1S$ and $2S$ states. This investigation involves calculating the local and nonlocal matrix elements $\langle 0 |{\bar q}Γ q|P \rangle$ using three distinct current operators $Γ=(γ^μγ_5, iγ_5,σ^{μν}γ_5)$. Considering a general reference frame where ${\bf P}_\perp\neq 0$ and investigating all available current components, we examine not only the frame-independence but also the component-independence of the decay constants. The explicit findings from our study provide the evidence for the equality of the three pseudoscalar meson decay constants obtained from the three distinct current operators $Γ$. The notable agreement in decay constants is attained by imposing the Bakamjian-Thomas construction of the LFQM, namely the meson state is constructed by the noninteracting quark and antiquark representations while the interaction is added to the mass operator, which provides the self-consistency condition replacing the physical mass $M$ with the invariant mass $M_0$ for the noninteracting quark-antiquark representation of the meson state. In addition to obtaining the process-independent pseudoscalar meson decay constant, regardless of the choice of current operators $Γ$, we further demonstrate its explicit Lorentz and rotation invariance. In particular, we present the analysis conducted on the twist-4 DA derived from the minus component of the axial-vector current. Finally, we discuss the various twist DAs and their $ξ$-moments associated with the $1S$ and $2S$ heavy pseudoscalar mesons.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables. Adding some references
Eavesdropping on the dead: heterogeneity of tallgrass prairie soundscapes and their relationship with invertebrate necrophilous communities
Creators: name: Dodgin, Sarah R.
name: Hall, Carrie L.
name: Howard, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Tallgrass prairies are rapidly vanishing biodiversity hotspots for native species, yet little is known about the spatio-temporal variation of prairie soundscapes and how they relate to grassland biological communities. Using an ecoacoustic approach to examine the relationship between a southern tallgrass prairie soundscape and the spatial distributions of an ecologically important community of necrophilous invertebrates, we used pitfall traps and programmable passive acoustic recorders to conduct a Nicrophorus burying beetle field survey while simultaneously obtaining soundscape recordings across a 16,000 ha tallgrass prairie site. We quantified soundscape characteristics using six ecoacoustic indices and found that associations between Nicrophorus burying beetle abundances and acoustic index values were species-specific and unique to particular acoustic indices and times of day. Although Nicrophorine burying beetles share a dependence on vertebrate carcasses for reproduction, these distinctive relationships with the prairie soundscape likely reveal fine-scale temporal, spatial and carcass-size niche segregation that occurs between Nicrophorus species.Key policy insightsSoundscape datasets analyzed using acoustic indices can produce useful time-series data that captures spatio-temporal trends associated with both biotic and abiotic ecosystem factors.Environmental acoustic data can be used to assess habitat quality for non-soniferous species of interest that depend on or interact closely with sound-producing species or acoustic communities.Broadly, acoustic indices may produce data that allows managers to rapidly assess critical habitats in the context of disturbance, restoration, or climate-mediated effects. Soundscape datasets analyzed using acoustic indices can produce useful time-series data that captures spatio-temporal trends associated with both biotic and abiotic ecosystem factors. Environmental acoustic data can be used to assess habitat quality for non-soniferous species of interest that depend on or interact closely with sound-producing species or acoustic communities. Broadly, acoustic indices may produce data that allows managers to rapidly assess critical habitats in the context of disturbance, restoration, or climate-mediated effects.
Additional file 1 of Biomimetic anti-inflammatory and osteogenic nanoparticles self-assembled with mineral ions and tannic acid for tissue engineering
Creators: name: Byun, Hayeon
name: Jang, Gyu Nam
name: Hong, Min-Ho
name: Yeo, Jiwon
name: Shin, Hyunjung
name: Kim, Won Jong
name: Shin, Heungsoo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. (a) Dynamic light scattering result of mTNs fabricated with different concentrations of tannic acid.
Sum rules for the Gravitational Form Factors using light-front dressed quark state
Creators: name: More, Jai
name: Mukherjee, Asmita
name: Nair, Sreeraj
name: Saha, Sudeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a light-front dressed quark state, per se, instead of a proton state, we consider a simple composite spin-1/2 state of a quark dressed with a gluon. This perturbative model incorporates gluonic degrees of freedom, which enable us to evaluate the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the quark as well as the gluon in this model \cite{More:2021stk, More:2023pcy}. We employ the Hamiltonian framework and choose the light-front gauge $A^+=0$. We calculate the four GFFs and corroborate the sum rules that GFFs satisfy. The GFF $D$ is attributed to information like pressure, shear, and energy distributions. We analyze some of these distributions for a dressed quark state at one loop in QCD.
description: Presented by Jai More at the International Conference on the Structure of Baryons, November 7-11th, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. 8 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Few-Body systems
Improved Measurements of the IXPE Crab Polarization
Creators: name: Wong, Josephine
name: Romani, Roger W.
name: Dinsmore, Jack T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray polarization from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) provides an important new probe of the geometry of the pulsar emission zone and of particle acceleration in the surrounding pulsar wind nebula (PWN). However, with IXPE's modest ~20-30" spatial resolution, separation of the pulsar signal from the nebula is a challenge. Conventional analysis defines an "off" phase window as pure nebular emission and subtracts its polarization to isolate the phase-varying pulsar ("on-off fitting"). We present a more sensitive scheme that uses external measurements of the nebula structure and pulsar light curve to isolate their contributions to the phase- and spatially-varying polarization via least-squares regression ("simultaneous fitting"). Tests with simulation data show ~30% improvement in pulse phase polarization uncertainties, decreased background systematics, and substantially improved nebular polarization maps. Applying "simultaneous fitting" to early IXPE Crab data extracts additional phase bins with significant polarization. These bins show interesting departures from the well-known optical polarization sweeps, although additional exposure will be needed for precise model confrontation.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Soft spin dipole giant resonances in 40Ca
Creators: name: Stuhl, L.
name: Krasznahorkay, A.
name: Csatlos, M.
name: Marketin, T.
name: Litvinova, E.
name: Adachi, T.
name: Algora, A.
name: Daeven, J.
name: Estevez, E.
name: Fujita, H.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Guess, C.
name: Gulyas, J.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Hirota, K.
name: Ong, H. J.
name: Ishikawa, D.
name: Matsubara, H.
name: Meharchand, R.
name: Molina, F.
name: Okamura, H.
name: Perdikakis, G.
name: Rubio, B.
name: Scholl, C.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Susoy, G.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Thies, J.
name: Zegers, R.
name: Zenihiro, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution experimental data has been obtained for the 40,42,44,48Ca(3He,t)Sc charge exchange reaction at 420 MeV beam energy, which favors the spin-isospin excitations. The measured angular distributions were analyzed for each state separately, and the relative spin dipole strength has been extracted for the first time. The low-lying spin-dipole strength distribution in 40Sc shows some interesting periodic gross feature. It resembles to a soft, dumped multi-phonon vibrational band with $\hbarω$= 1.8 MeV, which might be associated to pairing vibrations around $^{40}$Ca.
Large-Scale Land Acquisitions by Foreign Investors in West Africa: Learning Points
Creators: name: Onoja, Anthony O.
name: Achike, Anthonia I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Land tenure--Government policy
Investments, Foreign
Investments, Foreign--Government policy
Land use--Government policy
Food security
Land tenure
Sustainability
Africans

description: Recent reports indicating that large portions of land (estimated 50-80m hectares) have been bought by international investors in middle- and low-income countries, with roughly two-thirds of those purchases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, calls for a cursory appraisal of the implications of the trend of land grabbing for West African food security. This study reviews cases of land grabbing by foreign investors in West Africa, identifies the possible drivers of large-scale land acquisition by foreign investors in the region, and discusses the implications of the findings for agricultural and land policy reforms in West Africa. Land transactions involving foreign investors have increased in the area over the past 10 years. Over 100,000 ha have been documented in Nigeria. Ghana and Mali have many significant transactions on land by foreign investors. Several investors have more than 100,000ha. Burkina Faso has one significant land transaction (200,000 ha) while Niger and Senegal have relatively small land transactions. Most lands grabbed in West Africa were profit driven (by biofuel investors) and were made under the guise of using the lands acquired for agricultural investments. There were noted dangers in the deals with respect to food security drive, food safety, environmental safety, employment generation, and land tenure threats, which endangered peace, sovereignty, and the economic wellbeing of citizens. We recommend applying a regional approach by African countries, implementing land reforms that will involve the local communities who own the land, stopping long-term leasing beyond 50 years, building capacity, and creating awareness about land transactions of large magnitudes.
Vibrational Anharmonicity Assisted Phase Transitions in Perovskite Oxides under Terahertz Irradiation
Creators: name: Zhou, Cong
name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite extensive research interests in perovskite oxides, low energy consumption, non-destructive and maneuverable methods for phase transition in perovskite oxides are still the under its exploration, and the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, optical susceptibility including electronic and anharmonic phononic contributions is used to evaluate Gibbs free energy variations of $\mathrm{PbTiO}_3$ and $\mathrm{BaTiO}_3$ under terahertz irradiation. This corresponds to an off-resonant light-controlled phase transition, rather than the resonant approaches that excites hot carriers over electronic band or infrared-active vibrations in the phonon band. We show that intermediate terahertz light can trigger polarization change between ferroelectric orientation variants of $\mathrm{PbTiO}_3$ at room temperature 300 K. Furthermore, the phase transition from low symmetric ferroelectric phase to high symmetric paraelectric structure in $\mathrm{PbTiO}_3$ can be driven by changing the direction and intensity of the incident light under the same conditions. Similar results are observed in $\mathrm{BaTiO}_3$. In detail, phonon spectrum and optical susceptibility are obviously modified and show temperature dependence, in which we show the significant effects of anharmonic vibration. In order to show its nonlinear optical nature, we perform an alternating electric field dressed ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, which maps the Raman-active phonon excitation under off-resonant terahertz irradiation.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, under peer review
Orthorhombic distortion drives orbital ordering in an antiferromagnetic 3$d^1$ Mott insulator
Creators: name: Mandal, Prithwijit
name: Ojha, Shashank Kumar
name: Wang, Duo
name: Patel, Ranjan Kumar
name: Kumar, Siddharth
name: Maity, Jyotirmay
name: Zhang, Zhan
name: Zhou, Hua
name: Klewe, Christoph
name: Shafer, Padraic
name: Sanyal, Biplab
name: Middey, Srimanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orbital, which represents the shape of the electron cloud, very often strongly influences the manifestation of various exotic phenomena, e.g., magnetism, metal-insulator transition, colossal magnetoresistance, unconventional superconductivity etc. in solid-state systems. The observation of the antiferromagnetism in $RE$TiO$_3$ ($RE$=rare earth) series has been puzzling since the celebrated Kugel-Khomskii model of spin-orbital super exchange predicts ferromagnetism in an orbitally degenerate $d^1$ systems. Further, the existence of the orbitally ordered vs. orbital liquid phase in both antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phase have been unsettled issues thus far. To address these long-standing questions, we investigate single crystalline film of PrTiO$_3$. Our synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the retention of bulk-like orthorhombic ($D_{2h}$) symmetry in the thin film geometry. We observe similar X-ray linear dichroism signal in both paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase, which can be accounted by ferro orbital ordering (FOO). While the presence of $D_{2h}$ crystal field does not guarantee lifting of orbital degeneracy always, we find it to be strong enough in these rare-earth titanates, leading to the FOO state. Thus, our work demonstrates the orthorhombic distortion is the driving force for the orbital ordering of antiferromagnetic $RE$TiO$_3$.
description: 37 pages and 17 figures
Criteria for pointwise growth and their role in invasion processes
Creators: name: Holzer, Matt
name: Scheel, Arnd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is concerned with pointwise growth and spreading speeds in systems of parabolic partial differential equations. Several criteria exist for quantifying pointwise growth rates. These include the location in the complex plane of singularities of the pointwise Green's function and pinched double roots of the dispersion relation. The primary aim of this work is to establish some rigorous properties related to these criteria and the relationships between them. In the process, we discover that these concepts are not equivalent and point to some interesting consequences for nonlinear front invasion problems. Among the more striking is the fact that pointwise growth does not depend continuously on system parameters. Other results include a determination of the circumstances under which pointwise growth on the real line implies pointwise growth on a semi-infinite interval. As a final application, we consider invasion fronts in an infinite cylinder and show that the linear prediction always favors the formation of stripes in the leading edge.
The singular Weinstein conjecture
Creators: name: Miranda, Eva
name: Oms, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we investigate Reeb dynamics on $b^m$-contact manifolds, previously introduced in [MiO], which are contact away from a hypersurface $Z$ but satisfy certain transversality conditions on $Z$. The study of these contact structures is motivated by that of contact manifolds with boundary. The search of periodic Reeb orbits on those manifolds thereby starts with a generalization of the well-known Weinstein conjecture. Contrary to the initial expectations, examples of compact $b^m$-contact manifolds without periodic Reeb orbits outside $Z$ are provided. Furthermore, we prove that in dimension $3$, there are always infinitely many periodic orbits on the critical set if it is compact. We prove that traps for the $b^m$-Reeb flow exist in any dimension. This investigation goes hand-in-hand with the Weinstein conjecture on non-compact manifolds having compact ends of convex type. In particular, we extend Hofer's arguments to open overtwisted contact manifolds that are $\mathbb R^+$-invariant in the open ends, obtaining as a corollary the existence of periodic $b^m$-Reeb orbits away from the critical set. The study of $b^m$-Reeb dynamics is motivated by well-known problems in fluid dynamics and celestial mechanics, where those geometric structures naturally appear. In particular, we prove that the dynamics on positive energy level-sets in the restricted planar circular three-body problem are described by the Reeb vector field of a $b^3$-contact form that admits an infinite number of periodic orbits at the critical set.
description: minor changes
Additional file 12 of AI-assisted evidence screening method for systematic reviews in environmental research: integrating ChatGPT with domain knowledge
Creators: name: Zuo, Chen
name: Yang, Xiaohao
name: Errickson, Josh
name: Li, Jiayang
name: Hong, Yi
name: Wang, Runzi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 12
Social Media and Public Policy Process in Africa: Enhanced Policy Process in Digital Age
Creators: name: Oginni, Simon Oyewole
name: Moitui, Joash Ntenga
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Public policy (Law)
Social media--Law and legislation
Technological innovations--Government policy
Sustainable development
Social media
Sustainability
Internet

description: In recent times, civic engagement in policy process has been emphasized globally but channels to facilitate public participation in policy process in Africa remain unexplored. Given the conservative nature of policy process in most of Africa countries, the study examined level of social media use for civic engagement among government/policymakers and proposed a model to enhance policy process in a digital community using Easton’s theory of political analysis. The study employed case studies, descriptive and correlation analysis covering 53 African countries. Findings revealed that social media use has taken new shape in respect of citizens’ engagement in electoral process in Africa but its use for civic engagement in policy process was very low (and below global average); that increase investment in telecommunication infrastructures is yet to have significant effect on human capital ICT literacy in Africa. Investment in ICTs should include building of human capital ICT literacy and policymakers should explore citizens’ engagement online and adjust policies to incorporate technology in sub-regional and national development plans.
Some applications of differential geometry in the theory of mechanical systems
Creators: name: Kharlamov, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J15, 70E17

description: In the paper, some concepts of modern differential geometry are used as a basis to develop an invariant theory of mechanical systems, including systems with gyroscopic forces. An interpretation of systems with gyroscopic forces in the form of flows of a given geodesic curvature is proposed. For illustration, the problem of the motion of a rigid body about a fixed point in an axially symmetric force field is examined. The form of gyroscopic forces of the reduced system is calculated. It is shown that this form is a product of the momentum constant, the volume form of the 2-sphere, and an explicitly written everywhere positive function on the sphere.
description: LaTex, 15 pages, English translation of Russian publication
Additional file 13 of AI-assisted evidence screening method for systematic reviews in environmental research: integrating ChatGPT with domain knowledge
Creators: name: Zuo, Chen
name: Yang, Xiaohao
name: Errickson, Josh
name: Li, Jiayang
name: Hong, Yi
name: Wang, Runzi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 13
title: Die Jnterpellation; [1848]
title: Sie muss wahrscheinlich durch Zufall verloren gegangen sein. : (66te Sitzung)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Eigenthum u. Verlag von W. Müller, Frkfrt a/m Fahrgasse No. 53
New Ways to Promote Sustainability and Social Well-Being in a Complex, Strongly Interdependent World: The FuturICT Approach
Creators: name: Helbing, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FuturICT is one of six proposals currently being considered for support within the European Commission's Flagship Initiative (see Box 1). The vision of the FuturICT project is to develop new science and new information and communication systems that will promote social self-organization, self-regulation, well-being, sustainability, and resilience. One of the main aims of the approach is to increase individual opportunities for social, economic and political participation, combined with the creation of collective awareness of the impact that human actions have on our world. This requires us to mine large datasets ("Big Data") and to develop new methods and tools: a Planetary Nervous System (PNS) to answer "What is (the state of the world)..." questions, a Living Earth Simulator (LES) to study "What ... if ..." scenarios, and a Global Participatory Platform (GPP) for social exploration and interaction.
description: For related work see http://www.soms.ethz.ch and http://www.futurict.eu
Combinatorial Reeb dynamics on punctured contact 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Avdek, Russell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Λ^{\pm} = Λ^{+} \cup Λ^{-} \subset (\mathbb{R}^{3}, ξ_{std})$ be a contact surgery diagram determining a closed, connected contact $3$-manifold $(S^{3}_{Λ^{\pm}}, ξ_{Λ^{\pm}})$ and an open contact manifold $(\mathbb{R}^{3}_{Λ^{\pm}}, ξ_{Λ^{\pm}})$. Following arXiv:0911.0026 and arXiv:1906.07228 we demonstrate how $Λ^{\pm}$ determines a family $α_ε$ of contact forms on $(\mathbb{R}^{3}_{Λ^{\pm}}, ξ_{Λ^{\pm}})$ whose closed Reeb orbits are in one-to-one correspondence with cyclic words of composable Reeb chords on $Λ^{\pm}$. We compute the homology classes and integral Conley-Zehnder indices of these orbits diagrammatically and develop algebraic tools for studying holomorphic curves in surgery cobordisms between the $(\mathbb{R}^{3}_{Λ^{\pm}}, ξ_{Λ^{\pm}})$. These new techniques are used to describe the first known examples of closed, tight contact manifolds with vanishing contact homology. They are contact $\frac{1}{k}$ surgeries along the right-handed, $tb=1$ trefoil for $k > 0$, which are known to have non-zero Heegaard-Floer contact classes by arXiv:math/0404135.
description: 91 pages, 32 figures. V5: Minor updates
title: Der feine Diplomat; [1848]
title: Er! Ah! guten Morgen Jungfer Köchinn nichts Neues zu Hause? Köchinn! Ja gewiss und ich glaube etwas Wichtiges: Heute Nacht hat mein Herr durch einen Courier die Nachricht erhalten, dass sein Souverain mit den Dänen einen Waffenstillstand abgeschlossen hat, und wie mir unsere Johann sagte, soll er famos sein. ...
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Stern, S.
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: No. XIX
Additional file 1 of Blood culture utilization practices among febrile and/or hypothermic inpatients
Creators: name: Foong, Kap Sum
name: Munigala, Satish
name: Kern-Allely, Stephanie
name: Warren, David K
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
A multiwavelength light curve analysis of the classical nova YZ Ret: An extension of the universal decline law to the nebular phase
Creators: name: Hachisu, Izumi
name: Kato, Mariko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: YZ Ret is the first X-ray flash detected classical nova, and is also well observed in optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray. We propose a comprehensive model that explains the observational properties. The white dwarf mass is determined to be $\sim 1.33 ~M_\odot$ that reproduces multiwavelength light curves of YZ Ret, from optical, X-ray, and to gamma-ray. We show that a shock is naturally generated far outside the photosphere because winds collide with themselves. The derived lifetime of shock explains some of the temporal variations of emission lines. The shocked shell significantly contributes to the optical flux in the nebular phase. The decline trend of shell emission in the nebular phase is close to $\propto t^{-1.75}$ and the same as the universal decline law of classical novae, where $t$ is the time from the outburst.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, to appear in ApJ
An Astronomer's View of Climate Change
Creators: name: Morton, Donald C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes some of the astronomical effects that could be important for understanding the ice ages, historic climate changes and the recent temperature increase. These include changes in the sun's luminosity, periodic changes in the earth's orbital parameters, the sun's orbit around our galaxy, the variability of solar activity and the anticorrelation of cosmic ray flux with that activity. Finally recent trends in solar activity and global temperatures are compared with the predictions of climate models.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of rectal artesunate as pre-referral treatment for severe malaria in children under 5 years of age: a multi-country observational study
Creators: name: Hetzel, Manuel W.
name: Okitawutshu, Jean
name: Tshefu, Antoinette
name: Omoluabi, Elizabeth
name: Awor, Phyllis
name: Signorell, Aita
name: Brunner, Nina C.
name: Kalenga, Jean-Claude
name: Akano, Babatunde K.
name: Ayodeji, Kazeem
name: Okon, Charles
name: Yusuf, Ocheche
name: Athieno, Proscovia
name: Kimera, Joseph
name: Tumukunde, Gloria
name: Angiro, Irene
name: Delvento, Giulia
name: Lee, Tristan T.
name: Lambiris, Mark J.
name: Kwiatkowski, Marek
name: Cereghetti, Nadja
name: Visser, Theodoor
name: Napier, Harriet G.
name: Cohen, Justin M.
name: Buj, Valentina
name: Burri, Christian
name: Lengeler, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Study settings. Table S2. Adjusted regression estimates, overall and restricted to pre-COVID-19 period (before April 2020).
Additional file 14 of AI-assisted evidence screening method for systematic reviews in environmental research: integrating ChatGPT with domain knowledge
Creators: name: Zuo, Chen
name: Yang, Xiaohao
name: Errickson, Josh
name: Li, Jiayang
name: Hong, Yi
name: Wang, Runzi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 14
Formulating Compressive Strength of Dust Aggregates from Low to High Volume Filling Factors with Numerical Simulations
Creators: name: Tatsuuma, Misako
name: Kataoka, Akimasa
name: Okuzumi, Satoshi
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compressive strength is a key to understanding the internal structure of dust aggregates in protoplanetary disks and their resultant bodies, such as comets and asteroids in the Solar System. Previous work has modeled the compressive strength of highly-porous dust aggregates with volume filling factors lower than 0.1. However, a comprehensive understanding of the compressive strength from low ($<0.1$) to high ($>0.1$) volume filling factors is lacking. In this paper, we investigate the compressive strength of dust aggregates by using aggregate compression simulations resolving constituent grains based on JKR theory to formulate the compressive strength comprehensively. We perform a series of numerical simulations with moving periodic boundaries mimicking the compression behavior. As a result, we find that the compressive strength becomes sharply harder when the volume filling factor exceeds 0.1. We succeed in formulating the compressive strength comprehensively by taking into account the rolling motion of aggregates for low volume filling factors and the closest packing of aggregates for high volume filling factors. We also find that the dominant compression mechanisms for high volume filling factors are sliding and twisting motions, while rolling motion dominates for low volume filling factors. We confirm that our results are in good agreement with previous numerical studies. We suggest that our analytical formula is consistent with the previous experimental results if we assume the surface energy of silicate is $\simeq210\pm90\mathrm{\ mJ\ m^{-2}}$. Now, we can apply our results to properties of small compact bodies, such as comets, asteroids, and pebbles.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ