cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tackling problems, harvesting benefits -- A systematic review of the regulatory debate around AI
Creators: name: Folberth, Anja
name: Jahnel, Jutta
name: Bareis, Jascha
name: Orwat, Carsten
name: Wadephul, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How to integrate an emerging and all-pervasive technology such as AI into the structures and operations of our society is a question of contemporary politics, science and public debate. It has produced a considerable amount of international academic literature from different disciplines. This article analyzes the academic debate around the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI). The systematic review comprises a sample of 73 peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 1st, 2016, and December 31st, 2020. The analysis concentrates on societal risks and harms, questions of regulatory responsibility, and possible adequate policy frameworks, including risk-based and principle-based approaches. The main interests are proposed regulatory approaches and instruments. Various forms of interventions such as bans, approvals, standard-setting, and disclosure are presented. The assessments of the included papers indicate the complexity of the field, which shows its prematurity and the remaining lack of clarity. By presenting a structured analysis of the academic debate, we contribute both empirically and conceptually to a better understanding of the nexus of AI and regulation and the underlying normative decisions. A comparison of the scientific proposals with the proposed European AI regulation illustrates the specific approach of the regulation, its strengths and weaknesses.
description: 26 pages
Lower bounds on the rank and symmetric rank of real tensors
Creators: name: Wang, Kexin
name: Seigal, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A69, 14N07, 13P15

description: We lower bound the rank of a tensor by a linear combination of the ranks of three of its unfoldings, using Sylvester's rank inequality. In a similar way, we lower bound the symmetric rank by a linear combination of the symmetric ranks of three unfoldings. Lower bounds on the rank and symmetric rank of tensors are important for finding counterexamples to Comon's conjecture. A real counterexample to Comon's conjecture is a tensor whose real rank and real symmetric rank differ. Previously, only one real counterexample was known. We divide the construction into three steps. The first step involves linear spaces of binary tensors. The second step considers a linear space of larger decomposable tensors. The third step is to verify a conjecture that lower bounds the symmetric rank, on a tensor of interest. We use the construction to build an order six real tensor whose real rank and real symmetric rank differ.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures, v2: updated to match published version
Frontier Fields : Combining HST, VLT and Spitzer data to explore the $z$$\sim$8 Universe behind the lensing cluster MACS0416$-$2403
Creators: name: Laporte, N.
name: Streblyanska, A.
name: Kim, S.
name: Pelló, R.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Bina, D.
name: Brammer, G.
name: De Leo, M. A.
name: Infante, L.
name: Pérez-Fournon, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The HST Frontier Fields project started at the end of 2013 with the aim of providing extremely deep images of 6 massive galaxy clusters. One of the main goals of this program is to push several telescopes to their limits in order to provide the best current view of the earliest stages of the Universe. We present a detailed analysis of $z$$\sim$8 objects behind the HFFs lensing cluster, MACS0416-2403, combining 0.3-1.6 $μ$m imaging from HST, ground-based $K_s$ imaging from VLT HAWK-I, and 3.6 $μ$m and 4.5 $μ$m Spitzer Space Telescope. We apply the classical Lyman Break technique, combining non-detection criteria and color-selection. In order to avoid contamination by mid-$z$ interlopers, we require a strong break between optical and near infrared data. The luminosity function at $z$$\sim$8 is computed using a MC method taking advantage of the SED-fitting results. A piece of cautionary information is gleaned from new deep optical photometry of a previously identified $z$$\sim$8 galaxy in this cluster, which is now firmly detected as a mid-$z$ interloper with a strong $\approx1.5$ mag Balmer break (between F606W and F125W). Using the SED of this interloper, we estimate the contamination rate of our MACS0416$-$2403 sample, as well as for previous samples in Abell 2744 based on HFF data. Our selection recovers 4 robust objects with m$_{F160W}$ ranging from 26.0 to 27.9 AB and located in modest amplification regions ($μ
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Performance of planar Floquet codes with Majorana-based qubits
Creators: name: Paetznick, Adam
name: Knapp, Christina
name: Delfosse, Nicolas
name: Bauer, Bela
name: Haah, Jeongwan
name: Hastings, Matthew B.
name: da Silva, Marcus P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction is crucial for any quantum computing platform to achieve truly scalable quantum computation. The surface code and its variants have been considered the most promising quantum error correction scheme due to their high threshold, low overhead, and relatively simple structure that can naturally be implemented in many existing qubit architectures, such as superconducting qubits. The recent development of Floquet codes offers another promising approach. By going beyond the usual paradigm of stabilizer codes, Floquet codes achieve similar performance while being constructed entirely from two-qubit measurements. This makes them particularly suitable for platforms where two-qubit measurements can be implemented directly, such as measurement-only topological qubits based on Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Here, we explain how two variants of Floquet codes can be implemented on MZM-based architectures without any auxiliary qubits for syndrome measurement and with shallow syndrome extraction sequences. We then numerically demonstrate their favorable performance. In particular, we show that they improve the threshold for scalable quantum computation in MZM-based systems by an order of magnitude, and significantly reduce space and time overheads below threshold.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. (v2): Corrected some inconsistencies, and a fixed bug affecting 4.8.8 simulations. Changed the article format
Coxeter polytopes with a unique pair of non-intersecting facets
Creators: name: Felikson, Anna
name: Tumarkin, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51F15, 51M20, 20F55

description: We consider compact hyperbolic Coxeter polytopes whose Coxeter diagram contains a unique dotted edge. We prove that such a polytope in d-dimensional hyperbolic space has at most d+3 facets. In view of results of Lannér, Kaplinskaja, Esselmann, and the second author, this implies that compact hyperbolic Coxeter polytopes with a unique pair of non-intersecting facets are completely classified. They do exist only up to dimension 6 and in dimension 8.
description: 28 pages, lots of figures; v2: Lemma 2.2.1 corrected (thanks to Ruth Kellerhals for the correction!), further minor changes
Propagation of chaos: a review of models, methods and applications. I. Models and methods
Creators: name: Chaintron, Louis-Pierre
name: Diez, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C22, 82C40, 35Q70, 65C35, 92-10

description: The notion of propagation of chaos for large systems of interacting particles originates in statistical physics and has recently become a central notion in many areas of applied mathematics. The present review describes old and new methods as well as several important results in the field. The models considered include the McKean-Vlasov diffusion, the mean-field jump models and the Boltzmann models. The first part of this review is an introduction to modelling aspects of stochastic particle systems and to the notion of propagation of chaos. The second part presents concrete applications and a more detailed study of some of the important models in the field.
description: 148 pages. This is the first part of a two-part review article. The second part can be accessed at arXiv:2106.14812
Double Higgs Production in the 4$τ$ channel from resonances in longitudinal vector boson scattering at a 100 TeV collider
Creators: name: Kotwal, A. V.
name: Chekanov, S.
name: Low, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the sensitivity of a 100 TeV $pp$ collider to heavy resonances produced in longitudinal vector boson scattering and decaying to a pair of Higgs bosons. A Monte Carlo study has been performed using the $H \to ττ$ decay channel for both Higgs bosons, comparing the kinematics of such a signal to the irreducible Standard Model backgrounds. The results are presented in the context of a phenomenological model of a resonance ($η$) coupling to goldstone modes, $V_L V_L \to η\to HH$, as can arise in composite Higgs models. With a fractional width of 70% (20%), the $5 σ$ discovery reach is 4.2 (2.9) TeV in resonance mass for 10 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. We also discuss the dependence of the mass reach on the collider energy and integrated luminosity.
Impact of hypermagnetic fields on relic gravitational waves, neutrino oscillations and baryon asymmetry
Creators: name: Dvornikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of random hypermagnetic fields (HMFs) in the symmetric phase of the early universe before the electroweak phase transition. The behavior of HMFs is driven by the analog of the chiral magnetic effect accounting for the asymmetries of leptons and Higgs bosons. These asymmetries are also dynamical variables of the model and evolve together with HMFs. Moreover, we account for the contribution of the hyper-MHD turbulence in the effective diffusion coefficient and the $α$-dynamo parameter. The realistic spectrum of seed HMFs consists of two branches: Batchelor and Kolmogorov ones. The impact of HMFs on the production of relic gravitational waves (GWs) and the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU), as well as flavor oscillations of supernova neutrinos in the stochastic GWs generated, are considered. We establish the constraint on the strength of the seed HMF comparing the spectral density of produced GWs with the observations of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaborations. The stronger upper bound on the seed HMF is obtained from the condition of not exceeding the observed value of BAU.
description: 25 pages in World Scientific LaTeX style, 21 eps figures, 1 table; text is revised significantly, several new references are added, version published in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D
Quantum oscillations of the nonlinear planar effects signifying chiral anomaly in Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Zeng, Chuanchang
name: Nandy, Snehasish
name: Liu, Pu
name: Tewari, Sumanta
name: Yao, Yugui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of searching the signature of the celebrated chiral anomaly (CA) in Weyl semimetals (WSMs) in ongoing experiments, quantum oscillation in linear response regime has been considered as an important signature in the magneto transports in WSMs, due to its unique relation to CA. Investigating the nonlinear planar effects (NPEs) starting from the semiclassical regime to the ultra-quantum limit within the framework of Boltzmann transport theory incorporating Landau quantization, we here propose the quantum oscillations in NPEs can serve as a robust signature of CA in WSMs. By obtaining analytical expressions, we show that the quantum oscillations of the nonlinear effects exhibit two different period scales in 1/B (B is the magnetic field) compared to the linear responses where only one period scale exists. We find that these quantum oscillations in NPEs are attributed to the deviation of chiral chemical potential (CCP), which is proportional to the finite band tilt as well as transverse electric field and therefore, directly linked to CA in WSMs. In addition, we also show that the CA-induced nonlinear magneto conductivity is linear and independent in the magnetic field in the semiclassical and ultraquantum regimes, respectively. We conclude that the proposed behaviors of NPEs in different regimes uniquely signify the existence of CA and therefore, can serve as a probe of identifying CA in WSMs in experiments.
description: Published version in PRB as a Letter
Computing Strong and Weak Permissions in Defeasible Logic
Creators: name: Governatori, Guido
name: Olivieri, Francesco
name: Rotolo, Antonino
name: Scannapieco, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we propose an extension of Defeasible Logic to represent and compute three concepts of defeasible permission. In particular, we discuss different types of explicit permissive norms that work as exceptions to opposite obligations. Moreover, we show how strong permissions can be represented both with, and without introducing a new consequence relation for inferring conclusions from explicit permissive norms. Finally, we illustrate how a preference operator applicable to contrary-to-duty obligations can be combined with a new operator representing ordered sequences of strong permissions which derogate from prohibitions. The logical system is studied from a computational standpoint and is shown to have liner computational complexity.
Adiabatic Pumping of Chern-Simons Axion Coupling
Creators: name: Taherinejad, Maryam
name: Vanderbilt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the adiabatic pumping of the Chern-Simons axion (CSA) coupling along a parametric loop characterized by a non-zero second Chern number $C^{(2)}$ from the viewpoint of the hybrid Wannier representation, in which the Wannier charge centers (WCCs) are visualized as sheets defined over a projected 2D Brillouin zone. We derive a new formula for the CSA coupling, expressing it as an integral involving Berry curvatures and potentials defined on the WCC sheets. We show that a loop characterized by a non-zero $C^{(2)}$ requires a series of sheet-touching events at which $2π$ quanta of Berry curvature are passed from sheet to sheet, in such a way that $e^2/h$ units of CSA coupling are pumped by a lattice vector by the end of the cycle. We illustrate these behaviors via explicit calculations on a model tight-binding Hamiltonian and discuss their implications.
Constrained LQR Design Using Interior-Point Arc-Search Method for Convex Quadratic Programming with Box Constraints
Creators: name: Yang, Yaguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Although the classical LQR design method has been very successful in real world engineering designs, in some cases, the classical design method needs modifications because of the saturation in actuators. This modified problem is sometimes called the constrained LQR design. For discrete systems, the constrained LQR design problem is equivalent to a convex quadratic programming problem with box constraints. We will show that the interior-point method is very efficient for this problem because an initial interior point is available, a condition which is not true for general convex quadratic programming problem. We will devise an effective and efficient algorithm for the constrained LQR design problem using the special structure of the box constraints and a recently introduced arc-search technique for the interior-point algorithm. We will prove that the algorithm is polynomial and has the best-known complexity bound for the convex quadratic programming. The proposed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. An example for the constrained LQR design is provided to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the design method. The proposed algorithm can easily be used for model predictive control.
Additional file 1 of The use of intravenous immunoglobulin gamma for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
Creators: name: Gharebaghi, Naser
name: Nejadrahim, Rahim
name: Mousavi, Seyed Jalil
name: Sadat-Ebrahimi, Seyyed-Reza
name: Hajizadeh, Reza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Demographic characteristics of patients.
Fractional excitations in the square-lattice quantum antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Piazza, B. Dalla
name: Mourigal, M.
name: Christensen, N. B.
name: Nilsen, G. J.
name: Tregenna-Piggott, P.
name: Perring, T. G.
name: Enderle, M.
name: McMorrow, D. F.
name: Ivanov, D. A.
name: Rønnow, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The square-lattice quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet displays a pronounced anomaly of unknown origin in its magnetic excitation spectrum. The anomaly manifests itself only for short wavelength excitations propagating along the direction connecting nearest neighbors. Using polarized neutron spectroscopy, we have fully characterized the magnetic fluctuations in the model metal-organic compound CFTD, revealing an isotropic continuum at the anomaly indicative of fractional excitations. A theoretical framework based on the Gutzwiller projection method is developed to explain the origin of the continuum at the anomaly. This indicates that the anomaly arises from deconfined fractional spin-1/2 quasiparticle pairs, the 2D analog of 1D spinons. Away from the anomaly the conventional spin-wave spectrum is recovered as pairs of fractional quasiparticles bind to form spin-1 magnons. Our results therefore establish the existence of fractional quasiparticles in the simplest model two dimensional antiferromagnet even in the absence of frustration.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures
Durchführung von Online-Workshops: souverän moderieren, kreativ und interaktiv zu gemeinsamen Ergebnissen kommen
Creators: name: Ronzhes, Olena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Anpassung an die Digitalisierung
digitalization
adaptation to digitalization
Online-Gruppenunterricht
digital competence
online group classes
Digitalisierung
Medienkompetenz

description: Die Präsentation für ein Online-Fortbildungsseminar für Leiter/innen und Lehrer/innen von Studios, Bildungsvereine und außerschulischer pädagogischen und sozialen Einrichtungen in Deutschland, Psychologen und Kunsttherapeuten. Das Seminar wurde in den ersten Monaten einer Reihe von Lockdowns aufgrund des Coronavirus vorbereitet, um die Zielgruppe des Seminars an die Digitalisierung ihres Arbeitsablaufs anzupassen: wie man die technischen, pädagogischen und psychologischen Aspekte für eine spannende Diztanz- und Onlinearbeit in Zeiten sozialer Deprivation organisiert . Es wurden die Struktur des Meetings, verfügbarer technischer Support, interaktive Interaktionsmethoden bei einem Online-Meeting vorgeschlagen und ein Beispiel für erfolgreiche Distanzarbeit des Kreativ Studios Köln gegeben. Das Seminar wurde mehrfach in Zusammenarbeit und mit Förderung des gemeinnützigen Vereins NRWelt Kunst&Kultur e.V. und Depart e.V. (Demokratie in Partnerschaft) aufgrund des hohen Interesses der Zielgruppe wegen der forcierten Notwendigkeit, den Arbeitsablauf zu digitalisieren, durchgeführt. Diese Präsentation wurde allen Teilnehmern der Seminare zur Verfügung gestellt und steht allen Interessierten zum Download zur Verfügung. Inhalt: Teil 1. (70 min). Online-Unterricht erfolgreich gestalten Teil 2. (60 min). Zoom: vom Start bis Online-Kurse. Anleitung mit live-Beispiele, Unterrichtseinsetzung. Aufgabe: eigenes Konzept überlegen Teil 3. (30 min). Eigener Projektentwurf erstellen
Anyonic interference and braiding phase in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Creators: name: Kundu, Hemanta Kumar
name: Biswas, Sourav
name: Ofek, Nissim
name: Umansky, Vladimir
name: Heiblum, Moty
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fractional quantum Hall states have long been predicted to be a testing ground of fractional (anyonic) exchange statistics. These topological states harbor quasiparticles with fractional charges of both abelian and non-abelian characters. The quasiparticles' charge is commonly determined by shot noise measurements (1, 2), and states' statistics can be revealed by appropriately interfering the quasiparticles. While the multipath Fabry-Perot electronic interferometer (FPI) is easier to fabricate, it is often plagued by Coulomb interactions (3), its area breathes with the magnetic field (4), and its bulk's charges tend to fluctuate (5). Recent FPI experiments employing adequate screening allowed an observation of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interference at bulk filling $ν$=1/3 (6). In the current work, we chose to employ an interaction-free, two-path, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), tuned to bulk filling $ν$=2/5. Interfering the outer $ν$=1/3 mode (with the inner $ν$=1/15 mode screening out the bulk), we observed a 'dressed AB' periodicity, with a combined 'bare AB' flux periodicity of three flux-quanta (3$ϕ_0$) and the 'braiding phase' 2$π$/3. This unique interference resulted with an AB periodicity of a single flux-quantum. Moreover, the visibility of the interference, $v_{e/3}$, deviated markedly from that of the electronic one $\it{v}_{e}$, agreeing with the theoretically expected visibility, $\it{v}_{e/3} \sim {\it{v}_e}^3$. With the two non-equivalent drains of the MZI, the fractional visibility peaked away from the ubiquitous transmission-half of the MZI. We provide simple theoretical arguments that support our results. The MZI proves to be a powerful tool that can be used to probe further the statistics of more complex anyonic quasiparticles.
Thou Shalt is not You Will
Creators: name: Governatori, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we discuss some reasons why temporal logic might not be suitable to model real life norms. To show this, we present a novel deontic logic contrary-to-duty/derived permission paradox based on the interaction of obligations, permissions and contrary-to-duty obligations. The paradox is inspired by real life norms.
The Number of Holes in the Union of Translates of a Convex Set in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Aronov, Boris
name: Cheong, Otfried
name: Dobbins, Michael Gene
name: Goaoc, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that the union of $n$ translates of a convex body in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can have $Θ(n^3)$ holes in the worst case, where a hole in a set $X$ is a connected component of $\mathbb{R}^3 \setminus X$. This refutes a 20-year-old conjecture. As a consequence, we also obtain improved lower bounds on the complexity of motion planning problems and of Voronoi diagrams with convex distance functions.
On t-extensions of abelian groups
Creators: name: Sahleh, Hussain
name: Alijani, Aliakbar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let G and C be two discrete abelian groups. It is known that Pext(C,G) is a subgroup of Ext(C,G). In this paper, we introduce the t-extensions of G by C. We will show that the set of all t-extensions of G by C is a subgroup of Ext(C,G) which contains Pext(C,G). Fulp and Griffith [4] determined the LCA groups G such that Ext(C,G)=0 for all compact connected groups C. Using the group of t-extensions, we determine the LCA groups G such that Pext(C,G)=0 for all compact connected groups C.
ALDI++: Automatic and parameter-less discord and outlier detection for building energy load profiles
Creators: name: Quintana, Matias
name: Stoeckmann, Till
name: Park, June Young
name: Turowski, Marian
name: Hagenmeyer, Veit
name: Miller, Clayton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data-driven building energy prediction is an integral part of the process for measurement and verification, building benchmarking, and building-to-grid interaction. The ASHRAE Great Energy Predictor III (GEPIII) machine learning competition used an extensive meter data set to crowdsource the most accurate machine learning workflow for whole building energy prediction. A significant component of the winning solutions was the pre-processing phase to remove anomalous training data. Contemporary pre-processing methods focus on filtering statistical threshold values or deep learning methods requiring training data and multiple hyper-parameters. A recent method named ALDI (Automated Load profile Discord Identification) managed to identify these discords using matrix profile, but the technique still requires user-defined parameters. We develop ALDI++, a method based on the previous work that bypasses user-defined parameters and takes advantage of discord similarity. We evaluate ALDI++ against a statistical threshold, variational auto-encoder, and the original ALDI as baselines in classifying discords and energy forecasting scenarios. Our results demonstrate that while the classification performance improvement over the original method is marginal, ALDI++ helps achieve the best forecasting error improving 6% over the winning's team approach with six times less computation time.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Ranking nodes according to their path-complexity
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermalization is one of the most important phenomena in statistical physics. Often, the transition probabilities between different states in the phase space is or can be approximated by constants. In this case, the system can be described by Markovian transition kernels, and when the phase space is discrete, by Markov chains. In this paper, we introduce a macroscopic entropy on the states of paths of length $k$ and, studying the recursion relation, obtain a fixed point entropy. This analysis leads to a centrality approach to Markov chains entropy.
description: 9 pages, two columns, 3 Figures; accepted in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals
Escape path complexity and its context dependency in Pacific blue-eyes (Pseudomugil signifer)
Creators: name: Herbert-Read, James E.
name: Ward, Ashley J. W.
name: Sumpter, David J. T.
name: Mann, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The escape trajectories animals take following a predatory attack appear to show high degrees of apparent 'randomness' - a property that has been described as 'protean behaviour'. Here we present a method of quantifying the escape trajectories of individual animals using a path complexity approach. When fish (Pseudomugil signifer) were attacked either on their own or in groups, we find that an individual's path rapidly increases in entropy (our measure of complexity) following the attack. For individuals on their own, this entropy remains elevated (indicating a more random path) for a sustained period (10 seconds) after the attack, whilst it falls more quickly for individuals in groups. The entropy of the path is context dependent. When attacks towards single fish come from greater distances, a fish's path shows less complexity compared to attacks that come from short range. This context dependency effect did not exist, however, when individuals were in groups. Nor did the path complexity of individuals in groups depend on a fish's local density of neighbours. We separate out the components of speed and direction changes to determine which of these components contributes to the overall increase in path complexity following an attack. We found that both speed and direction measures contribute similarly to an individual's path's complexity in absolute terms. Our work highlights the adaptive behavioural tactics that animals use to avoid predators and also provides a novel method for quantifying the escape trajectories of animals.
description: 9 pages
Variational Density Functional Calculations of Excited States: Conical Intersection and Avoided Crossing in Ethylene Bond Twisting
Creators: name: Schmerwitz, Yorick L. A.
name: Ivanov, Aleksei V.
name: Jónsson, Elvar Ö.
name: Jónsson, Hannes
name: Levi, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical studies of photochemical processes require a description of the energy surfaces of excited electronic states, especially near degeneracies, where transitions between states are most likely. Systems relevant to photochemical applications are typically too large for high-level multireference methods, and while time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is efficient, it can fail to provide the required accuracy. A variational, time-independent density functional approach is applied to the twisting of the double bond and pyramidal distortion in ethylene, the quintessential model for photochemical studies. By allowing for symmetry breaking, the calculated energy surfaces exhibit the correct topology around the twisted-pyramidalized conical intersection even when using a semilocal functional approximation, and by including explicit self-interaction correction, the torsional energy curves are in close agreement with published multireference results. The findings of the present work point to the possibility of using a single determinant time-independent density functional approach to simulate nonadiabatic dynamics, even for large systems where multireference methods are impractical and TDDFT is often not accurate enough.
description: 53 pages, 14 figures, submitted to the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Additional file 1 of Evaluating the suitability of hyper- and multispectral imaging to detect foliar symptoms of the grapevine trunk disease Esca in vineyards
Creators: name: Bendel, Nele
name: Kicherer, Anna
name: Backhaus, Andreas
name: Hans-Christian Klück
name: Seiffert, Udo
name: Fischer, Michael
name: Voegele, Ralf T.
name: Töpfer, Reinhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1–S3. Mean spectra of the different disease detection approaches.
Bounds on transient instability for complex ecosystems
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Staniczenko, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stability is a desirable property of complex ecosystems. If a community of interacting species is at a stable equilibrium point then it is able to withstand small perturbations to component species' abundances without suffering adverse effects. In ecology, the Jacobian matrix evaluated at an equilibrium point is known as the community matrix, which describes the population dynamics of interacting species. A system's asymptotic short- and long-term behaviour can be determined from eigenvalues derived from the community matrix. Here we use results from the theory of pseudospectra to describe intermediate, transient dynamics. We first recover the established result that the transition from stable to unstable dynamics includes a region of `transient instability', where the effect of a small perturbation to species' abundances---to the population vector---is amplified before ultimately decaying. Then we show that the shift from stability to transient instability can be affected by uncertainty in, or small changes to, entries in the community matrix, and determine lower and upper bounds to the maximum amplitude of perturbations to the population vector. Of five different types of community matrix, we find that amplification is least severe when predator-prey interactions dominate. This analysis is relevant to other systems whose dynamics can be expressed in terms of the Jacobian matrix. Our results will lead to improved understanding of how multiple perturbations to a complex system may irrecoverably break stability.
description: 7 pages, two columns, 3 figures; text improved - Accepted for publication on PLoS One
The targum (1980:Mar. 3 - 1980:Mar. 31)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1980

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Do Language Models Plagiarize?
Creators: name: Lee, Jooyoung
name: Le, Thai
name: Chen, Jinghui
name: Lee, Dongwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Past literature has illustrated that language models (LMs) often memorize parts of training instances and reproduce them in natural language generation (NLG) processes. However, it is unclear to what extent LMs "reuse" a training corpus. For instance, models can generate paraphrased sentences that are contextually similar to training samples. In this work, therefore, we study three types of plagiarism (i.e., verbatim, paraphrase, and idea) among GPT-2 generated texts, in comparison to its training data, and further analyze the plagiarism patterns of fine-tuned LMs with domain-specific corpora which are extensively used in practice. Our results suggest that (1) three types of plagiarism widely exist in LMs beyond memorization, (2) both size and decoding methods of LMs are strongly associated with the degrees of plagiarism they exhibit, and (3) fine-tuned LMs' plagiarism patterns vary based on their corpus similarity and homogeneity. Given that a majority of LMs' training data is scraped from the Web without informing content owners, their reiteration of words, phrases, and even core ideas from training sets into generated texts has ethical implications. Their patterns are likely to exacerbate as both the size of LMs and their training data increase, raising concerns about indiscriminately pursuing larger models with larger training corpora. Plagiarized content can also contain individuals' personal and sensitive information. These findings overall cast doubt on the practicality of current LMs in mission-critical writing tasks and urge more discussions around the observed phenomena. Data and source code are available at https://github.com/Brit7777/LM-plagiarism.
description: Accepted to WWW'23
On moments of the integrated exponential Brownian motion
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Mansour, Toufik
name: Sindoni, Lorenzo
name: Severini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new exact expressions for a class of moments for the geometric Brownian motion, in terms of determinants, obtained using a recurrence relation and combinatorial arguments for the case of a Ito's Wiener process. We then apply the obtained exact formulas to computing averages of the solution of the logistic stochastic differential equation via a series expansion, and compare the results to the solution obtained via Monte Carlo.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures - accepted for publication on EPJ Plus
The Rationale behind the Concept of Goal
Creators: name: Governatori, Guido
name: Olivieri, Francesco
name: Scannapieco, Simone
name: Rotolo, Antonino
name: Cristani, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper proposes a fresh look at the concept of goal and advances that motivational attitudes like desire, goal and intention are just facets of the broader notion of (acceptable) outcome. We propose to encode the preferences of an agent as sequences of "alternative acceptable outcomes". We then study how the agent's beliefs and norms can be used to filter the mental attitudes out of the sequences of alternative acceptable outcomes. Finally, we formalise such intuitions in a novel Modal Defeasible Logic and we prove that the resulting formalisation is computationally feasible.
The Result of the Neutrino-4 Experiment and the Cosmological Constraints on the Sterile Neutrino
Creators: name: Serebrov, A. P.
name: Samoilov, R. M.
name: Chaikovskii, M. E.
name: Zherebtsov, O. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a short discussion of the Neutrino-4 experimental results and the results of other experiments searching for the sterile neutrino. We estimated the contribution of the sterile neutrino with parameters $Δm^2_{14} = 7.3\text{eV}^2$ and $\sin^2 2θ_{14} = 0.36$ obtained in the Neutrino-4 experiment to the energy density of the Universe. We address the contradiction between the measured sterile neutrino parameters and the constraints on the sterile neutrino from cosmology. With this article, we want to draw attention to the problem of the contradiction between experiment and theory, in order to inspire the search for theoretical models that include a sterile neutrino with mass in the region of several eV, and to the necessity to sufficiently increase the precision of the experiment.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures
Development of TOEKAN, a 360° evaluation tool for the clinical learning environment in General Practice postgraduate training
Creators: name: Coenen, Lotta
name: Daman, Laura
name: Gielis, Guy
name: Stockmans, An
name: Van Renterghem, Arne
name: Maes, Eline
name: Van Nuland, Marc
name: Michels, Nele R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Neuroscience
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: The General Practice (GP) postgraduate program exists for 80% out of workplace learning. The quality of the clinical learning environment (CLE) has a direct effect on the quality of training and the professional development of GP trainees. Participatory research was used to involve all stakeholders in the development process of a 360° evaluation tool that should improve the average quality of GP training practices, guide GP trainees towards the best training practices and detect and remediate GP trainers of lower quality. TOEKAN (Tool for Communication and Evaluation of Quality Standards) was developed, which consists of a 72-item questionnaire for GP trainees and GP trainers and an 18-item questionnaire for those who coach and remediate GP trainers. The outcomes of the TOEKAN questionnaires are visualized in an online dashboard. TOEKAN is the first 360° evaluation tool for CLE in GP education. All stakeholders will complete the survey on a regular basis and have access to the results. By creating intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as mediation measures, the quality of CLE will improve. Continuous monitoring of the use and outcomes of TOEKAN will allow to critically review and improve this new evaluation tool as well as support the broader implementation.
Large-scale weakly nonlinear perturbations of convective magnetic dynamos in a rotating layer
Creators: name: Chertovskih, Roman
name: Zheligovsky, Vladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new mechanism for generation of large-scale magnetic field by thermal convection which does not involve the alpha-effect. We consider weakly nonlinear perturbations of space-periodic steady convective magnetic dynamos in a rotating layer that were identified in our previous work. The perturbations have a spatial scale in the horizontal direction that is much larger than the period of the perturbed convective magnetohydrodynamic state. Following the formalism of the multiscale stability theory, we have derived the system of amplitude equations governing the evolution of the leading terms in the expansion of the perturbations in power series in the scale ratio. This asymptotic analysis is more involved than in the cases considered earlier, because the kernel of the operator of linearisation has zero-mean neutral modes whose origin lies in the spatial invariance of the perturbed regime, the operator reduced on the generalised kernel has two Jordan normal form blocks of size two, and simplifying symmetries of the perturbed state are now missing. Numerical results for the amplitude equations show that a large-scale perturbation, periodic in slow horizontal variable, either converges to a short-scale neutral stability mode with amplitudes tending to constant values, or it blows up at a finite slow time.
description: 27 pp., 6 figures, 35 references, 4 videos (stored as ancillary files); the numerical section extended
Additional file 2 of Evaluating the suitability of hyper- and multispectral imaging to detect foliar symptoms of the grapevine trunk disease Esca in vineyards
Creators: name: Bendel, Nele
name: Kicherer, Anna
name: Backhaus, Andreas
name: Hans-Christian Klück
name: Seiffert, Udo
name: Fischer, Michael
name: Voegele, Ralf T.
name: Töpfer, Reinhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. The ten most informative spectral bands for the differentiation tasks.
Guidelines for data-driven approaches to study transitions in multiscale systems: the case of Lyapunov vectors
Creators: name: Viennet, Akim
name: Vercauteren, Nikki
name: Engel, Maximilian
name: Faranda, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37N10 (Primary) 86A08, 86A10 (Secondary)

description: We study in detail the role of covariant Lyapunov vectors and their respective angles for detecting transitions between metastable states in dynamical systems, as recently discussed in several atmospheric science applications. The underlying models are built from data by the dynamical clustering method, called FEM-BV-VAR, and the Lyapunov vectors are approximated based on these models. We test this data-based numerical approach at the hand of three well-understood example systems with increasing dynamical complexity, identifying crucial properties that allow for a successful application of the method: in particular, it turns out that the method requires a clear multiple time scale structure with fast transitions between slow subsystems which can be dynamically characterized by invariant neutral directions of the linear approximation model.
The spectrum and mass anomalous dimension of SU(2) adjoint QCD with two Dirac flavours
Creators: name: Bergner, Georg
name: Giudice, Pietro
name: Montvay, Istvan
name: Münster, Gernot
name: Piemonte, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present the results of our investigation of \su{2} gauge theory with two Dirac fermions in the adjoint representation (aQCD2), which belongs to the class of strongly interacting gauge theories that are of basic interest for extensions of the Standard Model. We have done numerical lattice simulations of this theory at two different values of the gauge coupling and several fermion masses. Our results include the particle spectrum and the mass anomalous dimension. The spectrum contains new exotic fermion-gluon states and flavour-singlet mesons. The mass anomalous dimension is determined from the scaling of the masses and the mode number. The remnant dependence of the universal mass ratios and mass anomalous dimension on the gauge coupling indicates the relevance of scaling corrections, such that earlier estimations for the universal fixed point value of the mass anomalous dimension are incomplete without their inclusion.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures; version submitted to Phys. Rev. D; corrections, addditions, updated data compared to first version, differs from published version by minor editorial changes