cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ground-state properties of the symmetric single-impurity Anderson model on a ring from Density-Matrix Renormalization Group, Hartree-Fock, and Gutzwiller theory
Creators: name: Barcza, Gergely
name: Gebhard, Florian
name: Linneweber, Thorben
name: Legeza, Örs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the ground-state energy, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and Kondo screening cloud of the symmetric single-impurity Anderson model (SIAM) that is characterized by the band width $W$, the impurity interaction strength $U$, and the local hybridization $V$. We compare Gutzwiller variational and magnetic Hartree-Fock results in the thermodynamic limit with numerically exact data from the Density-Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) method on large rings. To improve the DMRG performance, we use a canonical transformation to map the SIAM onto a chain with half the system size and open boundary conditions. We compare to Bethe-Ansatz results for the ground-state energy, magnetization, and spin susceptibility that become exact in the wide-band limit. Our detailed comparison shows that the field-theoretical description is applicable to the SIAM on a ring for a broad parameter range. Hartree-Fock theory gives an excellent ground-state energy and local moment for intermediate and strong interactions. However, it lacks spin fluctuations and thus cannot screen the impurity spin. The Gutzwiller variational energy bound becomes very poor for large interactions because it does not describe properly the charge fluctuations. Nevertheless, the Gutzwiller approach provides a qualitatively correct description of the zero-field susceptibility and the Kondo screening cloud. The DMRG provides excellent data for the ground-state energy and the magnetization for finite external fields. At strong interactions, finite-size effects make it extremely difficult to recover the exponentially large zero-field susceptibility and the mesoscopically large Kondo screening cloud.
description: 32 pages, 16 figures, includes supplemental material in the PRB article as appendices
Optimisation-based process synthesis of emerging reaction pathways for bio-based polymers and monomers: An effective mixed integer linear programming approach
Creators: name: Kong, Qingyuan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This thesis aims to address the process synthesis problems of emerging reaction pathways for bio-based polymers and their monomers and provide the optimal design of the process flowsheet with simultaneous heat integration. To solve these problems, mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models and solution approaches are developed along with a decomposition method to handle numerical complications arising from the utilisation of a large number of discretised variables. Regarding the process synthesis problem, an optimisation-based framework is first developed to identify the optimal configuration of a process network that consists of both reaction and separation systems. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model with the objective to maximise the economic potential. A logic-based formulation using binary variables is designed for the simultaneous synthesis of separation sequences. The solution of the optimisation problem includes the best possible economic performance, identification of active reactions, reaction ordering and separation sequences along with the corresponding flowsheet of the entire process. Secondly, simultaneous heat integration is incorporated into the model without introducing nonlinearity by using a novel variable discretisation approach. The modified model aims to provide additional information of the optimal flowsheet such as the utility cost, the minimum cooling and heating duties required, and energy savings due to heat integration. The process synthesis model consists of a large number of integer variables and becomes difficult to solve. A decomposition method, which utilises the GAMS grid facility, breaks down the original problem into an equivalent set of subproblems by the partitioning of decision variable domains and allows inter-job communications to exchange the best bound of each subproblem. The results indicate that significant improvement in the computational efficiency is achieved when inter-job communication is integrated with the decomposition method.
Measuring Dark Matter Power Spectrum from Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Seljak, Uros
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to extract the projected power spectrum of density perturbations from the distortions in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The distortions are imprinted onto the CMB by the gravitational lensing effect and can be extracted using a combination of products of CMB derivatives. We show that future CMB experiments such as Planck will be able to extract the power spectrum with high statistical significance over two orders of magnitude in angle. The method proposed here traces dark matter directly to higher redshift (up to $z \sim 1100$) and larger scale (few Gpc) than any other currently known method. It also traces large scale structure in the linear regime, allowing simple interpretation in terms of cosmological models. By providing additional and complementary information to the one from the primary CMB analysis it will strengthen further the scientific return of future CMB experiments.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Charadrius Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Charadrius

description: Charadrius [gen. nov.]
Rostrum teretiusculum, obtusum.
Pedes tridactyli.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 150, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Weyl focusing effects on the image magnification due to randomly distributed isothermal objects
Creators: name: Hamana, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl focusing effects on the image magnifications are investigated by using the multiple gravitational lens theory. We focus on the gravitational lensing effects due to the small scale virialized objects, such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies. We consider a simple model of an inhomogeneous universe. The matter distribution in the universe is modeled by randomly distributed isothermal objects. We found that, for the majority of the random lines of sight, the Weyl focusing has no significant effect and the image magnification of a point like source within redshift of 5 is dominated by the Ricci focusing.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, LaTex using mn.sty and epsf.sty, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Paradigm shift in Civil Justice in light of technological innovation between the European Union, the USA, and China
Creators: name: Monesiglio, Andrea
Publisher: name: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation
Year: 2023

description: This article will address the transformation of the paradigm of civil justice that is happening both in the European Union and in other international legal systems in light of technological innovation. I refer to the phenomenon of so-called predictive justice. The objectives of this paper will be twofold. The first is to check how and to what extent this paradigm shift is taking place. To this end, I will start by showing some studies carried out by the European Commission and then move on to analyse the use of predictive justice tools in select European countries (Italy, France, Estonia, the Netherlands, and Great Britain). Finally, from an intercontinental comparative point of view, I will analyse the use of those digital tools in other legal systems: China and the US. The second objective, in light of the Italian legal system, is, on the one hand, to propose some possible practical uses of predictive justice tools and, on the other hand, to analyse their limits.
description: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation, Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): 3/2023
Enhanced Star Formation in Seyfert 2 Galaxies
Creators: name: Gu, Q. -S.
name: Huang, J. -H.
name: Ji, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we report our preliminary results on enhanced star formation activity in Seyfert 2 galaxies. By re-analysing the Tully-Fisher relation for Whittle(1992)'s sample and for a Seyfert 2s' sample selecting from Veron-Cetty & Veron (1996), we find that (1) almost all Seyfert 2 galaxies with circumnuclear star formation have a ratio of far infrared (FIR) to blue luminosities ($L_{FIR}/L_{B}$) to be larger than 1/3; (2) for Seyfert 2 galaxies with $L_{FIR}/L_{B} < 1/3$, the Tully-Fisher relation is similar to that of the normal spiral galaxies; while for those with $\rm L_{FIR}/L_{B} \geq 1/3 $, they are significantly different from the normal ones, which confirms Whittle's suggestion of enhanced star formation activities in the circumnuclear regions of these Seyfert 2 galaxies.
description: 9 pages, Latex, with two figures, and accepted for publication in ApSS
Floquet chiral magnetic effect
Creators: name: Higashikawa, Sho
name: Nakagawa, Masaya
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single Weyl fermion, which is prohibited in static lattice systems by the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem, is shown to be realized in a periodically driven three-dimensional lattice system with a topologically nontrivial Floquet unitary operator, manifesting the chiral magnetic effect. We give a topological classification of Floquet unitary operators in the Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes for all dimensions, and use it to predict that all gapless surface states of topological insulators and superconductors can emerge in bulk quasienergy spectra in Floquet systems.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Towards an economically viable ionic liquids based biorefinery: lignocellulose fractionation and value-added products from lignin
Creators: name: Chambon, Clementine Prisca Lucie Caroline
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to partially displace fossil fuels in the production of energy, materials, chemicals and transportation fuels. In order to realize this potential, cost-effective and low-energy fractionation of biomass into different product streams is necessary. This work uses low-cost protic ionic liquids to deconstruct and fractionate lignocellulosic biomass, with a focus on agricultural residues, energy crops and woody biomass. It aims to demonstrate process intensification and scale-up leading to potential cost reductions. Firstly, the use of triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate was investigated as an alternative to expensive, thermally unstable aprotic ionic liquids for pretreatment of high-ash and high-lignin agroresidues. Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, rice husk and rice straw was shown to give up to 90% glucose release under mild conditions. 100-fold scale-up of ionoSolv pretreatment from the 10 mL to the 1 L-scale was performed, enabling evaluation of key parameters expected to impact process economics, including solids loading, feedstock particle size and stirring speed. It was shown that excellent performance could be maintained using a biomass to solvent ratio of 1:2 g/g. Use of larger particle sizes up to 10 mm offered significant potential to reduce comminution energy. Attention was then turned to utilization of the lignin stream derived from ionoSolv biorefining. Fine-tuning of the process severity (temperature, time, acidity) enabled control of lignin molecular weight and functionality. Fast pyrolysis of mildly treated lignins gave the highest bio-oil yields with maximal energy recovery in the liquid product. Fractional precipitation produced lignin fractions with narrow polydispersity and low molecular weight of 1000 g mol-1 with yields of up to 14 wt%. Potential applications of lignin were assessed based on HSQC NMR, 31P NMR, gel permeation chromatography and thermal analysis. Lignin condensation and re-precipitation were identified as the most important parameters affecting both glucose yields and valorization potential of lignin.
Finite size effects for spiking neural networks with spatially dependent coupling
Creators: name: Qiu, Siwei
name: Chow, Carson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study finite-size fluctuations in a network of spiking deterministic neurons coupled with non-uniform synaptic coupling. We generalize a previously developed theory of finite size effects for uniform globally coupled neurons. In the uniform case, mean field theory is well defined by averaging over the network as the number of neurons in the network goes to infinity. However, for nonuniform coupling it is no longer possible to average over the entire network if we are interested in fluctuations at a particular location within the network. We show that if the coupling function approaches a continuous function in the infinite system size limit then an average over a local neighborhood can be defined such that mean field theory is well defined for a spatially dependent field. We then derive a perturbation expansion in the inverse system size around the mean field limit for the covariance of the input to a neuron (synaptic drive) and firing rate fluctuations due to dynamical deterministic finite-size effects.
Dissecting PTEN function in cancer
Creators: name: Fedorova, Marina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: PTEN downregulates a number of essential biological processes such as cell proliferation, survival and growth. Alterations of PTEN levels can lead to cancer, and PTEN is indeed one of the most frequently disrupted tumour suppressor genes in human cancers. Thus, anti-cancer treatment strategies focusing on PTEN deficiency could prove very beneficial. As such, a wide range of therapeutic approaches targeting cancers with various PTEN genotypes is currently at preclinical and clinical stages. Complete loss of PTEN expression by cells is less tumourigenic, more treatable and can be targeted by “lethal sensitivity” (increased sensitivity of PTEN deficient cells to radiation, cytotoxic drugs or treatment with inhibitors of downstream proteins). At the same time, cells with partial PTEN loss can be a target for “pro-senescence therapy” (activation of irreversible cell cycle arrest). Herein, we explore PTEN requirements for lethal sensitivity (focusing on Skp2 and NLK inhibition). Towards this goal, we have created isogenic PTEN wild type, heterozygous and null cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and introduced wild type or various functionally impaired forms of PTEN into those lines using CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in and Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Synthetic lethal sensitivities to inhibition of Skp2, TTK and PARP or to curcumin treatment did not provide robust responses. Using chemical genetics, an analogue sensitive version of the kinase NLK was constructed and using this for genetic engineering of human cells enabled the validation of the synthetic lethality between NLK and PTEN to be established. These results provide valuable insights into the cancer biology of PTEN and the reagents and techniques developed within this study will enable greater characterisation of anti-cancer therapies based on the genetic status of PTEN.
Resonable royalty damages across different countries and through a law and economics lens
Creators: name: Bartalena, Maria Teresa
Publisher: name: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation
Year: 2023

description: In most legal systems, a reasonable royalty represents the minimum compensation for patent infringement litigation, and it is undoubtedly the most used among the remedies at the courts’ disposal. Therefore, its calculation is crucial in the intellectual property field and, more specifically, within the function of liability in this context to incentivise investments in R&D and promote innovation. Nonetheless, some differences can be found between the methods used to calculate reasonable royalty awards in two largely developed countries, ie in the U.S., where judges are deemed to consider only the parties’ ex ante information and in Germany, where ex post considerations are involved in calculation. This article intends to analyse how these different approaches can affect investments in the field of technology and innovation. In this process, German and U.S. case law will be primarily investigated, but some references will also be taken from Chinese experience, a legal system for some aspects similar to civil law ones and in which patent infringement disputes are solved by specialised judges, such as in Germany, whose set of remedies, nonetheless, has been recently modified to include a measure that resembles much the treble or punitive damages of the U.S. Code.
description: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation, Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): 3/2023
Current-voltage characteristic and shot noise of shift current photovoltaics
Creators: name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Nakamura, Masao
name: Kawasaki, Masashi
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the current-voltage relation, $I-V$ characteristic, of the photovoltaics due to the shift current, i.e., the photocurrent generated ${\it without}$ the external dc electric field in noncentrosymmetric crystals through the Berry connection of the Bloch wavefunctions. We find that the $I-V$ characteristic and shot noise are controlled by the difference of group velocities between conduction and valence bands, i.e., $v_{11}-v_{22}$, and the relaxation time $τ$. Since the shift current itself is independent of these quantities, there are wide possibilities to design it to maximize the energy conversion rate and also to suppress the noise. We propose that the Landau levels in noncentrosymmetric two-dimensional systems are the promising candidate for energy conversion.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Rebuttable presumptions of causality and reverberations of evidence disclosure, as epitomic pieces in the physiognomy of liability for defective AI
Creators: name: Goicovici, Juanita
Publisher: name: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation
Year: 2023

description: The paper examines the typification of the rebuttable presumptions of causality the use of which has been introduced by the new “Proposal for a Directive of the Parliament and of the Council on adapting non- contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence” (“AILD Proposal”) while insisting on the quintessence of the binomial set of presumptions aimed at facilitating the probatory efforts and resorting to a “disclosure of evidence mechanism” in tort litigation founded on AI deficiencies generating bodily harm and/or patrimonial losses to consumers. As resulting from the provisions of Art. 1, para 1 and 2 of the AILD Proposal, the ‘hybridisation’ of the conceptual nature of civil liability applied in matters concerning autonomous / embedded AI defectiveness does not remain deprived of potential consequences in terms of the reserved possibility of judicial courts, to assess the existence of the illegal action/omission of the responsible persons by referring to compliance with the transparency obligation incumbent on AI providers, as resulting from Art. 13 of the Draft Regulation (EU) on AI (Artificial Intelligence Act) (i) or to retain the civil liability of manufacturers/importers or AI providers for bodily/patrimonial damages caused to consumers, in the assumptions concerning the ignoring, at the time of AI system design or development, of the necessity of “human effective surveillance” for the time bars related to the AI usage (ii).
description: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation, Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): 3/2023
Liability or no liability? Promoting safety by shifting accident losses onto third parties
Creators: name: Parisi, Francesco
Publisher: name: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation
Year: 2023

description: In a recent article, Guerra et al. considered the problem of liability for accidents caused by the activity of robots, proposing a novel liability regime, which they referred to as ‘manufacturer’s residual liability.’ Under this regime, injurers (robot operators) and victims are liable for accidents due to their negligence (hence, they are incentivised to act diligently), and third-party robot manufacturers bear all remaining accident losses, even when the accident is not caused by a defect or malfunction of the robot. In this article, I explore the possibility of extending this framework of liability to other tort scenarios. I refer to this broader application of the rule as ‘third-party residual liability.’ This rule incentivises third parties to make optimal safety investments in environments that are under their control, beyond the incentives obtainable under negligence or products liability law. Third-party residual liability rules will lead to a reduction in the price of safer goods and services offered by the third party, driving unsafe technologies out of the market. Further, thanks to the percolation effect of third-party residual liability, injurers and victims would also be incentivised to limit their activity levels in risky environments. The ideal application of this rule is to accident situations where the risk is affected not only by the behaviour of injurers and victims, but also by external factors that are controlled by a third party.
description: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation, Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): 3/2023
ASCA Observation of the Galactic Jet Source XTE J0421+560 (CI Cam) in Outburst
Creators: name: Ueda, Y.
name: Ishida, M.
name: Inoue, H.
name: Dotani, T.
name: Greiner, J.
name: Lewin, W. H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed the newly discovered Galactic jet source XTE J0421+560 (= CI Cam) with ASCA from 1998 April 3.3 to April 4.1 (UT), three days after the beginning of the outburst. The X-ray intensity in the 1-10 keV band gradually decreased with an e-folding time of about 30 hours; the decline was accompanied by spectral softening. Two flare-like intensity enhancements were detected below 1 keV. We could fit the average spectrum above 0.8 keV with a two-temperature model (5.7 and 1.1 keV) of thermal emission from an optically thin ionization-equilibrium plasma. The broad iron-K profile, however, requires an extra emission line at 6.4 keV, or Doppler broadening (or both). The former can be explained in terms of reflection from cold matter, while the latter can be attributed to emission from the twin jets. In both cases, the time evolution of the emission measure and of the temperature are difficult to explain by emission from a single plasma, suggesting that heat input and/or injection of material was occurring during the outburst.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJL; Fig. 1 corrected
Predictive optimisation systems do not work, and they infringe rights. So why do we use them?
Creators: name: Tafani, Daniela
Publisher: name: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation
Year: 2023

description: In an increasing number of areas, judgments and decisions that have major effects on people's lives are now being entrusted to Machine Learning systems. The employment of these predictive optimisation systems inevitably leads to unfair, harmful and absurd outcomes: flaws are not occasional and cannot be prevented by technical interventions. Predictive optimisation systems do not work and violate legally protected rights. As Machine Learning is no excuse to break the law, the question is: why do we use such systems?
description: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation, Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): 3/2023
Foreword to Issue 3/2023
Creators: name: Gardella Tedeschi, Bianca
name: Parchomovsky, Gideon
name: Poncibò, Cristina
name: De Caria, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation
Year: 2023

description: -
description: Journal of Law, Market & Innovation, Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023): 3/2023
title: Correspondance avec Dominique [Mathez?] transférée à William Perkins, copie à Caroline Petit
Creators: name: Mathez, Dominique
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Récit d'une entrevue à l'Élysée. 2 exemplaires.
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111133351215
description: created: start=2010-12-18;end=2014-01-09
Cm-wavelength observations of MWC758: resolved dust trapping in a vortex
Creators: name: Casassus, Simon
name: Marino, Sebastian
name: Lyra, Wladimir
name: Baruteau, Clement
name: Vidal, Matias
name: Wootten, Alwyn
name: Perez, Sebastian
name: Alarcon, Felipe
name: Barraza, Marcelo
name: Carcamo, Miguel
name: Dong, Ruobing
name: Sierra, Anibal
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Ricci, Luca
name: Christiaens, Valentin
name: Cieza, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large crescents imaged by ALMA in transition disks suggest that azimuthal dust trapping concentrates the larger grains, but centimetre-wavelengths continuum observations are required to map the distribution of the largest observable grains. A previous detection at ~1cm of an unresolved clump along the outer ring of MWC758 (Clump1), and buried inside more extended sub-mm continuum, motivates followup VLA observations. Deep multiconfiguration integrations reveal the morphology of Clump 1 and additional cm-wave components which we characterize via comparison with a deconvolution of recent 342GHz data (~1mm). Clump1, which concentrates ~1/3 of the whole disk flux density at ~1cm, is resolved as a narrow arc with a deprojected aspect ratio Chi>5.6, and with half the azimuthal width than at 342 GHz. The spectral trends in the morphology of Clump1 are quantitatively consistent with the Lyra-Lin prescriptions for dust trapping in an anticyclonic vortex, provided with porous grains (f~0.2+-0.2) in a very elongated (Chi~14+-3) and cold (T~23+-2K) vortex. The same prescriptions constrain the turbulence parameter alpha and the gas surface density Sigma_g through log10( alpha x Sigma_g /g/cm2)~-2.3+-0.4, thus requiring values for Sigma_g larger than a factor of a few compared to that reported in the literature from the CO isotopologues, if alpha
description: accepted to MNRAS
Wavelength limits on isobaricity of perturbations in a thermally unstable radiatively cooling medium
Creators: name: Kovalenko, I. G.
name: Shchekinov, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear evolution of one-dimensional planar perturbations in an optically thin radiatively cooling medium in the long-wavelength limit is studied numerically. The accepted cooling function generates in thermal equilibrium a bistable equation of state $P(ρ)$. The unperturbed state is taken close to the upper (low-density) unstable state with infinite compressibility ($dP/dρ= 0$). The evolution is shown to proceed in three different stages. At first stage, pressure and density set in the equilibrium equation of state, and velocity profile steepens gradually as in case of pressure-free flows. At second stage, those regions of the flow where anomalous pressure (i.e. with negative compressibility) holds, create velocity profile more sharp than in pressure-free case, which in turn results in formation of a very narrow (short-wavelength) region where gas separates the equilibrium equation of state and pressure equilibrium sets in rapidly. On this stage, variation in pressure between narrow dense region and extended environment does not exceed more than 0.01 of the unperturbed value. On third stage, gas in the short-wavelength region reaches the second (high-density) stable state, and pressure balance establishes through the flow with pressure equal to the one in the unperturbed state. In external (long-wavelength) regions, gas forms slow isobaric inflow toward the short-wavelength layer. The duration of these stages decreases when the ratio of the acoustic time to the radiative cooling time increases. Limits in which nonlinear evolution of thermally unstable long-wavelength perturbations develops in isobaric regime are obtained.
description: 21 pages with 7 figures, Revtex, accepted in Physics of Plasmas
Heavy decaying dark matter and IceCube high energy neutrinos
Creators: name: Kachelriess, M.
name: Kalashev, O. E.
name: Kuznetsov, M. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the hypothesis of decaying heavy dark matter (HDM) in the context of the IceCube highest energy neutrino events and recent limits on the diffuse flux of high-energy photons. We consider dark matter (DM) particles $X$ of mass $10^{6}\leq M_X\leq~10^{16}$ GeV decaying on tree level into $X \rightarrow ν\barν$, $X \rightarrow e^+e^-$ and $X \rightarrow q \bar{q}$. The full simulation of hadronic and electroweak decay cascades and the subsequent propagation of the decay products through the interstellar medium allows us to determine the permitted values of $M_X$. We show that for leptonic decay channels it is possible to explain the IceCube highest energy neutrino signal without overproducing high-energy photons for $M_X~\lesssim~5.5 \cdot 10^{7}$ GeV and $1.5 \cdot 10^{8}~\lesssim~M_X~\lesssim~1.5 \cdot 10^{9}$ GeV, while hadronic decays contradict the gamma-ray limits for almost the whole range of $M_X$ values considered. The leptonic hypothesis can be probed by operating and planned gamma-ray observatories. For instance, the currently upgrading Carpet experiment will be capable to test a significant part of the remaining parameter window within one year of observation.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, journal version
The ecology and evolution of fungal symbiosis in ancient land plants
Creators: name: Rimington, William Robert
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Mycorrhizas are the mutualistic symbioses shared between fungi and the vast majority of land plants. These relationships provide present day plants with many nutritional and functional benefits and were key to the movement of plants onto land over 500 million years ago. This thesis concerns the mycorrhizal-like symbioses of early- diverging liverworts, some of the closest living relatives of the first land plants. The study of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomeromycotina, in 674 globally collected liverworts has provided molecular evidence to support that the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizas, the most common type of mycorrhizal symbiosis, is an ancestral trait of all land plants. The early-diverging Glomeromycotina families were found to be ten times more common in liverworts than flowering plants. Mucoromycotina fungi potentially formed the first fungal symbiosis with plants. Mucoromycotina symbiosis, like Glomeromycotina, was regularly found throughout the early-diverging liverworts, many of which can be simultaneously colonised by both fungal lineages. Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycotina symbioses were found to differ in their origins, lifestyles and network characteristics. Through the use of cophylogeny analyses it was discovered that liverworts and their fungal symbionts have coevolved. The symbiotic relationships shared between Treubia liverworts and Mucoromycotina fungi appear to be more coevolved than those shared between Marchantia liverworts and Glomeromycotina. The fungal symbiosis status of over 590 species of liverworts, hornworts and lycopods has been compiled by combining the data produced here with previous publications. While symbioses are very common in hornworts and lycopods, it is estimated that less than 30% of liverwort species enter into these relationships. These investigations have uncovered the diversity and distribution of Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycotina symbioses in liverworts. Discovering that these relationships are fundamentally different impacts our understanding of the ecology and evolution of fungal symbioses in land plants and has implications in their future potential use in sustainable agriculture.
Warm absorbers in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Creators: name: Komossa, Stefanie
name: Greiner, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warm absorbers are an important new tool for investigating the conditions within the central regions of active galaxies. They have been observed in ~50% of the well-studied Seyfert galaxies and have also been detected in quite a number of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLSy1). Here, we present a study of the X-ray properties of several NLSy1s with focus on their warm absorbers: (a) An analysis of all ROSAT PSPC observations of NGC 4051 including new ones is performed, which reveals variability by a factor ~30 in count rate and much less variability in the warm absorber parameters. (b) The possibility of a dusty warm absorber in IRAS 13349+2438 is explored on the basis of photoionization models for dusty warm gas and explicit ROSAT spectral fits. (c) The X-ray spectrum of the NLSy1 1E0117.2-2837 is analyzed. It can be successfully described by a very steep powerlaw of photon index G_x = -4, or alternatively by a warm-absorbed flat powerlaw. UV-EUV emission lines expected to arise from the warm material are predicted. (d) The strong spectral variability of RX J0134.3-4258 (from G_x = -4.4 in the ROSAT survey observation, to ~ -2.2$ in our subsequent pointing) is examined in terms of warm absorption.
description: 6 pages incl. 2 figures (needs paspconf.sty), to appear in the proc. of "High Energy Processes in Accreting Black Holes" (Sweden, June 29 -July 4, 1998), J. Poutanen & R. Svensson (eds)
Lettre de Antoine Gouan à Jean-François Séguier, s.d.
Creators: name: Gouan, Antoine
name: Gouan, Antoine
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Botanique

description: [fol. 7] [Fleur du Pameritium ]

Je réponds, mon cher ami, à votre dernière et au paquet que Rolland m’a envoyé par un Anglais.
1°. Le Carduus coté in palustribus me parait être le Carddus nulans.
2°. Le petit Cheiranthus, pris à Agde, à des fleurs du Cheiranthus chius, et le faciès du Cheiranthus littoreus, mais non pas les siliques de ce dernier. Il a les siliques toruleuses au lieu que le littorues a les siliques lisses et terminées par un silet long aigu. Determinez-là sur vos échantillons et semez là afin de voir si elle changera de forme.
3°. Le silene à tige lisse et gluante dichotonie, est la Silene cretica.
4°. Le Silene ou lychnis velu, avec des péduncules anillaires, filiformes, longs, pendants, est la Silene pottigens que Linnaeus tient de moi. C’est la Lychnis chalepensis annua & c. Tour. Inst. que j’avais eu d’Egypte et d’Afrique sans nom.
5°. Le Pua ne saurait être que le trivalis quoi que venu de l’étranger il est bien éloigné du Pua capillaris et de la Malabarica.
6°. Le Senecio linfolio matricario, Senecio triflorus Linnaei.
7°. Le Chamaemelum segetum odoratum absinthiifolio breviri est une vraie matricaria de Linnaeus. Serait-ce le Matri. Chamomilla ou bien la Matri odorata suaveoleus Linnaei. Je voudrais bien les graines et un grand échantillon pour mon herbier. Ecrivez pour qu’on vous en ceuille les graines à Agde.
[fol. 7v] je vous envoie un grand brin en graine du Ligusticum pyrenaium pyrenaicum que je viens de cueillir à mon jardin. Confrontez-le avec votre estampe et les échantillons de votre herbier. Serait-ce la vôtre du Fl. Veron. ? Du moins je le crois.
L’autre feuille est de l’ombellée que je vous ai envoyée ce jourd’hui. C’est la feuille d’un pied qui n’a pas fleuri cette année.
Grasset me presse de partir. Je suis tout à vous et votre bon ami.

Gouan.

On m’écrit de Marseille que le paquet de Saint Sanse est enfin arrivé. Un ami s’est chargé de me l’expédier, de payer les frais. Quand je l’aurai, je vous enverrai les livres qui vous sont destinés et les frais qui peuvent vous compléter.

[fol. 8] Faites mes amitiés à Rolland pour lui et toute sa famille. Dites-lui que mon livre rendu ici lui arrivera ensuite, et que je lui ai dit qu’il pouvait compter sur un exemplaire, tout comme vous, et cela pour servir de preuve à l’amitié que je lui ai vouée tout comme à vous.

Cités :
Maximin de Grasset, seigneur de Roussas (1707-1772) auditeur à la cour des comptes, aides et finances de Montpellier.
description: Source: [établissement de conservation] Nîmes, Bibliothèque Carré d'Art [cote] ms. 144, fol. 7-8
description: created: 0000-00-00
Designmönster: Gruppsamarbete utan insyn mellan grupperna
Creators: name: Olsson, Ulf
name: Engel, Hugues
Publisher: name: Stockholm University Design Patterns
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Det här är ett designmönster som skapats i ett utvecklingsprojekt på Centrum för universitetslärarutbildning vid Stockholms universitet. Projektet syftar till att utveckla pedagogiska praktiker för universitetslärare som arbetar med lärplattformar för att planera och organisera sin undervisning. Designmönster är en etablerad metod för att kartlägga bl.a. pedagogiska problem och erbjuda förslag till lösningar. Det här designmönstret är ett förslag hur en lärare kan arbeta med informationsstruktur i sin kurs, och framförallt i den lärplattform som Stockholms universitet, kallad "Athena".Det här designmönstret beskriver hur du som lärare kan organisera studentsamarbete inom grupper i Athena. Studenterna kan inte följa arbetet i andra grupper eftersom grupperna är "låsta".
Detta designmönster kan användas i relation till ett annat mönster i databasen med titeln "Gruppsamarbete" se https://doi.org/10.17045/sthlmuni.7093073.v1
New technologies for quantification of protein copy number and protein-protein interactions: From single plant cells to organelles
Creators: name: Mickleburgh, Thomas George
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Absolute quantification of cell-to-cell variability arising from the stochastic nature of gene expression is concealed within bulk measurement approaches. While microfabricated technologies for single-cell biology have revealed and advanced our understanding of this heterogeneity, limitations remain in transforming this progress for plant biology. Therefore, this thesis provides single plant cell proteomic profiling technologies to challenge conventional bulk cell analysis to further our knowledge in biological variability. Section one details the establishment, of the first known, miniaturised technology undertaking absolute protein quantification in single plant cells and organelles. Fabricated as an array of sub-nanoliter assay chambers containing micro-printed antibody spots, permitting multiplexed proteomic pull-down assays subsequent to the lysis of isolated protoplasts or organelles. Preliminary evaluation, employing a bi-molecular assay to assess fluorescent gene expression in protoplasts, presents novel experimental insight towards synergistic detection advantages through volume reduction coupled with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. To demonstrate the quantification of unlabeled proteins a tri-molecular assay is developed for Rubisco, providing a new single-cell perspective towards Rubisco expression during mesophyll protoplast development. Section two challenges the restrictions of antibody affinity and experimental throughput, by merging techniques to produce novel technologies. Initially, a coverslip unifying pull-down assay within a microwell array was developed to overcome throughput limitations and is evaluated by quantifying p53 expression in mammalian cell lines. While the pull-down assay faithfully reproduces the precision in quantitative measurements concerning epi-fluorescence microscopy, a more relevant tool, a secondary standard for quantitative fluorescence microscopy is created. Through ratiometrically calibrating chloroplast autofluorescence against the absolute fluorescent protein content of three transgenic cell lines. These technologies permitted measurements, over six orders of magnitude for organelle, plant, and mammalian protein copy numbers, examined in Section three. Suggesting that unperturbed protein abundance does not scale with absolute expression noise, consequential to a linear relationship between the measured variance and mean.
Tringa littorea Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa
Tringa littorea

description: Tringa littorea [spec. nov.]
T. rostro laevi, pedibus fuscis, remigibus fuscis: rachi primae nivea. Fn. svec. 151.
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 149, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Identification of a Novel Missense Mutation in the LMX1B Gene
Creators: name: 孙乾(Qian Sun)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Phenotype or Genotype
Variation
Monoisolate
Medical

description: We descovered a family with nial and patella dysformation. To further investigate the desease, whole exome sequencing was carried out. We found a novel missence muation on LMX1B gene, which was associated with nail-patella syndrome. So we upload the consequence to help the diagnose and identification of this disease.
Stellar Metallicities and SNIa Rates in the Early-type Galaxy NGC5846 from ROSAT and ASCA Observations
Creators: name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Jones, C.
name: Forman, W.
name: David, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the diffuse X-ray coronae surrounding the elliptical galaxy NGC5846, combining measurements from two observatories, ROSAT and ASCA. We map the gas temperature distribution and find a central cool region within an approximately isothermal gas halo extending to a radius of about 50 kpc, and evidence for a temperature decrease at larger radii. With a radially falling temperature profile, the total mass converges to 9.6+/-1.0 10^12 Msun at ~230 kpc radius. Using the spectroscopic measurements, we also derive radial distributions for the heavy elements silicon and iron and find that the abundances of both decrease with galaxy radius. The mass ratio of Si to Fe lies between the theoretical predictions for element production in SN Ia and SN II, suggesting an important role for SN Ia, as well as SN II, for gas enrichment in ellipticals. Using the SN Ia yield of Si, we set an upper limit of 0.012 SNU for the SN Ia rate at radii >50 kpc, which is independent of possible uncertainties in the iron L-shell modeling. We compare our observations with the theoretical predictions for the chemical evolution of ellipticals, taken from Matteucci & Gibson (1995). We conclude that the metal content in stars, if explained by the star formation duration, requires a significant decline in the duration of star formation with galaxy radius, ranging from ~1 Gyr at the center to ~0.01 Gyr at 100 kpc radius. Alternatively, the decline in metallicity with galaxy radius may be caused by a similar drop with radius in the efficiency of star formation. Based on the Si and Fe measurements presented in this paper, we conclude that the latter scenario is preferred, unless a dependence of the SN Ia rate on stellar metallicity is invoked. (Abridged).
description: 11 pages, figures&tables included, emulapj.sty, accepted for ApJ
Phase-resolved far-ultraviolet HST spectroscopy of the peculiar magnetic white dwarf RE J0317-853
Creators: name: Burleigh, M. R.
name: Jordan, S.
name: Schweizer, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present phase resolved FUV HST FOS spectra of the rapidly rotating, highly magnetic white dwarf RE J0317-853. Using these data, we construct a new model for the magnetic field morphology across the stellar surface. From an expansion into spherical harmonics, we find the range of magnetic field strengths present is 180-800MG. For the first time we could identify an absorption feature present at certain phases at 1160A as a ``forbidden'' 1s_0 -> 2s_0 component, due to the combined presence of an electric and magnetic field.
description: 15 pages including 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Nanoscale degradation of metal-on-metal implants
Creators: name: Koronfel, Mohamed Ashraf Mohamed
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: CoCrMo-based hip implants experienced high failure rates despite the high wear and corrosion resistance of the bulk material. Although they exhibit a lower volumetric wear compared to other implant materials, CoCrMo-based implants produced a significantly larger number of smaller wear particles. Simulation studies show that up to one trillion wear particles could be produced in one patient annually. Implant wear particles can trigger an immune system inflammatory response which is associated with eventual failure of the implants. In light of these failures, many devices have been retracted from the market, and class-action lawsuits were filed in the US. Additionally, one of the largest product liability hearings is currently ongoing in the UK as patients sue implant manufacturers. CoCrMo is nominally an extremely stable material with high Cr content providing passivity. However, despite the Co:Cr ratio in the original alloy being 2:1, chemical analyses of wear particles from periprosthetic tissue have found the particles to be composed predominately of Cr species, with only trace amounts of Co remaining. The immune system’s inflammatory response leads to a rise in local electrochemical potential via the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species by activated macrophages as well as local acidification. However, the mechanism eliciting the inflammatory response is uncertain. In this work, the dissolution of CoCrMo in bulk, thin film and nanoparticle form was studied in a simulated biological environment. Electrochemical potentials were applied to simulate the increasingly oxidising environment found within the macrophage cells. A multimodal in situ spectroscopy and microscopy approach was used, at high chemical and spatial resolution, to elucidate the dissolution mechanism. The results reveal that CoCrMo dissolution occurs via a non-stoichiometric, geometrically inhomogeneous mechanism similar to de-alloying, and previously unreported for this material. Taken together, the results suggest that the in vivo dissolution of CoCrMo wear debris can be understood in terms of the local environment and specific corrosion mechanisms that come into play under these conditions: not observed in conventional testing for implant safety.