cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A model for the B ---> X_{s}+γdecay in the chromomagnetic background
Creators: name: Kyatkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the shape of the photon spectrum for $B\rightarrow X_{s}+γ$ decay in the presence of a background chromomagnetic field for the case of SU(2) gauge group. The effect of the external field resembles the Zeeman effect - the parton model peak is split into two slightly assymetric peaks, located around the kinematic endpoint. We investigate the analytic properties of the spectrum and calculate the total decay rate. This decay may serve as a model for the investigation of gluon condensate effects and their influence on the shape of the spectrum.
description: 12pp, 1 figure (uuencoded file attached), comments added
title: Removal of Organic Pollutants in Water by a Nanosecond Pulsed Sliding Discharge
Creators: name: Nisha, Zina
name: Pacheck, Ethan
name: Caudell, Zach
name: Pakhomova, Olga
name: Jiang, Chunqi
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Environmentally persistent organic pollutants have become a concern to the sustainability of the environment, and many of them are harmful to human health. This work explores the feasibility of a low-temperature plasma-based technology for the degradation of organic pollutants such as Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) in water. Applying 300-ns, 20 kV pulses at 500 Hz to a strip line-like electrode configuration, sliding discharges are generated at the gas-water interface in one atmospheric air or nitrogen above contaminated water. An average Rh-B reduction of 30% and 19% were achieved with air and nitrogen, respectively, when 20 mM of Rh-B solution flew through the reactor at a flow rate of 1 mL/s. Over 90% degradation of Rh-B was obtained after 9 cycles of treatment of the plasma operated at 0.12 J per pulse or an average power of 60 W using ambient air as the working gas. This work demonstrates that the nanosecond sliding discharge-based plasma reactor is a promising technology for removing organic pollutants from wastewater.
Directional Second Harmonic Generation Controlled by Sub-wavelength Facets of an Organic Mesowire
Creators: name: Sharma, Deepak K.
name: Chaubey, Shailendra K.
name: Vasista, Adarsh B.
name: Jose, Jesil
name: Tripathi, Ravi P N
name: Bouhelier, Alexandre
name: Kumar, G V Pavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directional harmonic generation is an important property characterizing the ability of nonlinear optical antennas to diffuse the signal in well-defined region of space. Herein, we show how sub-wavelength facets of an organic molecular mesowire crystal can be utilized to systematically vary the directionality of second harmonic generation (SHG) in the forward scattering geometry. We demonstrate this capability on crystalline diamonoanthraquinone (DAAQ) mesowires with subwavelength facets. We observed that the radial angles of the SHG emission can be tuned over a range of 130 degrees. This angular variation arises due to spatially distributed nonlinear dipoles in the focal volume of the excitation as well as the geometrical cross-section and facet orientation of the mesowire. Numerical simulations of the near-field excitation profile corroborate the role of the mesowire geometry in localizing the electric field. In addition to directional SHG from the mesowire, we experimentally observe optical waveguiding of the nonlinear two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF). Interestingly, we observed that for a given pump excitation, the TPEF signal is isotropic and delocalized, whereas the SHG emission is directional and localized at the location of excitation. All the observed effects have direct implications not only in active nonlinear optical antennas, but also in nonlinear signal processing.
description: Accepted in Applied Optics
title: Structural violence and the paradox of humanitarian intervention
Creators: name: Papamichail, Andreas
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02wn5qz54
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018

description: Humanitarian interventions tend to be justified by claims to the existence of an obligation upon ‘us’ (the benevolent saviours) to intervene militarily when a state is responsible for large-scale atrocity crimes against its own population. However, this justification is paradoxical, given that there is rarely held to exist a commensurate obligation to address structural violence (even when ‘we’ may be partly responsible for, or complicit within, structures that are violent). The paradox arises because structural violence can be harmful – even evil – in its own right, and can also lead to – or exacerbate – direct violence. Hence, intervening militarily, and inevitably causing further harm in the act of intervening, results in a moral shortfall. This shortfall is indicative of a prevailing understanding of harm that is blind to the potential for structures to be violent. In responding to the paradox, I adopt a critical cosmopolitan perspective to argue that because structural violence can be harmful on a great scale, and because it is co-constitutive of direct violence, we ought not to countenance intervening with the use of military force (with what this brings in the form of inevitable intended and unintended harm) to stop direct violence without also considering and addressing violent structures, especially if they are violent structures that we are, ourselves, embedded within. Therefore, it is morally imperative to engage in an ongoing process of illumination and addressing of evil structures to rectify the harms they cause, alongside any efforts to stem direct violence, if any sort of intervention is to be legitimate and just. This requires us to a) expand our understanding of harm and evil at the global level, and b) engage in consistent and sustained deliberative processes that bring to the forefront structural violence and structural underpinnings of direct violence.
Non-perturbative Orientifolds
Creators: name: Kakushadze, Zurab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider non-perturbative six and four dimensional N=1 space-time supersymmetric orientifolds. Some states in such compactifications arise in ``twisted'' open string sectors which lack world-sheet description in terms of D-branes. Using Type I-heterotic duality we are able to obtain the massless spectra for some of such orientifolds. The four dimensional compactification we discuss in this context is an example of a chiral N=1 supersymmetric string vacuum which is non-perturbative in both orientifold and heterotic pictures. In particular, it contains both D9- and D5-branes plus non-perturbative ``twisted'' open string sector states as well.
description: 13 pages, revtex, a minor misprint corrected (to appear in Phys. Lett. B)
Energy evolution and the Bose-Einstein enhancement for double parton densities
Creators: name: Gotsman, E.
name: Levin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we found that the Bose-Einstein enhancement generates the strong correlations, which increase with energy in the BFKL evolution. This increase leads to the double parton densities ( $Φ$), that are much larger than the product of the single parton densities ($ϕ$). However, numerically, it turns out that the ratio $Φ/ϕ^2 \propto \Lb 1/x\Rb^{δ_2}$ with $δ_2 \sim \bas/\Lb N^2_c - 1\Rb^{2/3}\,\,\ll\,\,1$ and we do not expect a large correction for the accessible range of energies. However, for $N_c=3$ it tuns out that $δ_2 = 0.07 Δ_{\rm BFKL}$ where $Δ_{\rm BFKL}$ is the intercept of the BFKL Pomeron and we can anticipate an substantial increase for the range of rapidities $Y \sim 20$.It is shown that all $1/(N^2_c -1)$ corrections to the double parton densities stem from the Bose-Einstein enhancement.
description: 19pp. 7 figures in pdf files
D1.5 Interim Technical Review Report 1
Creators: name: Staneva, Joanna
name: Johnson, Kelli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Coastal environment
subject: Climate Change

description: The Forecasting and Observing the Open-to-Coastal Ocean for Copernicus Users (FOCCUS) project commenced in January, 2024. In the first twelve months of the project, the first phase began with a focus on management tasks in WP1 such as establishing the project’s shared data platform, regular meetings and coordination, and the Data Management Plan, as well as communication and dissemination activities in WP10 such as the project branding, logo, website, video, social media, and the Communication, Dissemination, and Exploitation Plan. Scientific work began in WPs 2, 4, 6, and 8, with observational and hydrological data improvements using novel techniques, along with planning integration into Member State Coastal Systems (MSCSs) and the design of coastal applications and integration into CMEMS. In total, the first twelve months of the project included the submission of eight Deliverables, the completion of eleven Milestones.
title: Der unbestimmte Aufgabenbereich des Bundesamts für Verfassungsschutz: Schwerpunkt JuWissDay 2017
Creators: name: Banzhaf, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Aufgaben
subject: Befugnisse
subject: Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz
subject: JuWissDay 2017
subject: Maximilian Banzhaf
subject: Recht der Nachrichtendienste
subject: 340

description: § 3 BVerfSchG weist dem Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (BfV) die Aufgabe zu, Informationen über Spionagetätigkeiten und verfassungsfeindliche Bestrebungen zu sammeln und auszuwerten, ohne indes einen Verwendungszweck zu formulieren. Aus einer unvollständigen Aufgabennorm resultierende Unsicherheit hinsichtlich des konkreten Aufgabenbereichs ist in einem derart grundrechtssensiblen Bereich nicht hinnehmbar. Lassen sich die notwendigen Verwendungszwecke daher durch Rückschlüsse aus Befugnisnormen gewinnen und kann so Rechtssicherheit geschaffen werden oder ist in dieser Sache legislativer Handlungsbedarf angezeigt?
description: JuWissBlog
Limits on new coloured fermions using precision jet data from the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Llorente, Javier
name: Nachman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents an interpretation of high precision jet data from the ATLAS experiment in terms of exclusion limits for new coloured matter. To this end, the effect of a new coloured fermion with a mass $m_X$ on the solution of the renormalization group equation QCD is studied. Theoretical predictions for the transverse energy-energy correlation function and its asymmetry are obtained with such a modified solution and, from the comparison to data, 95\% CL exclusion limits are set on such models.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. v3 matches the published version
General Scalar Exchange in AdS_d+1
Creators: name: D'Hoker, Eric
name: Freedman, Daniel Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar field exchange diagram for the correlation function of four scalar operators is evaluated in anti-de Sitter space, $AdS_{d+1}$. The conformal dimensions $Δ_i$, $i=1,...,4$ of the scalar operators and the dimension $Δ$ of the exchanged field are arbitrary, constrained only to obey the unitarity bound. Techniques similar to those developed earlier for gauge boson exchange are used, but results are generally more complicated. However, for integer $Δ_i, Δ$, the amplitude can be presented as a multiple derivative of a simple universal function. Results simplify if further conditions hold, such as the inequalities, $Δ< Δ_1+Δ_3$ or $Δ
description: 29 pages, 1 figure, using Plain TeX and BoxedEPS macros; email to dzf@math.mit.edu
On the Hyperbolic Structure of Moduli Spaces With 16 SUSYs
Creators: name: Motl, Lubos
name: Banks, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the asymptotic limits of the heterotic string theories compactified on tori. We find a bilinear form uniquely determined by dualities which becomes Lorentzian in the case of one spacetime dimension. For the case of the SO(32) theory, the limiting descriptions include SO(32) heterotic strings, type I, type IA and other T-duals, M-theory on K3, type IIA theory on K3 and type IIB theory on K3 and possibly new limits not understood yet.
description: JHEP LaTeX, 19 pages, 1 eps-figure, report number added
title: Sicherheit und Recht – neu austariert: Ein Rückblick auf den JuWissDay 2017: Schwerpunkt JuWissDay 2017
Creators: name: Brings-Wiesen, Tobias
name: Ferreau, Jörg
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: JuWissDay 2017
subject: 340

description: 40 Jahre nach dem Terror des „Deutschen Herbstes“ von 1977 und angesichts jüngster Terrorakte in den Ländern der Europäischen Union widmete sich der nunmehr dritte JuWissDay, der am 21. Oktober 2017 in Köln stattfand, dem ambivalenten Verhältnis von Sicherheit und Recht. Über 70 Teilnehmer*innen erlebten kontroverse Diskussionen unter Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen und Praktiker*innen aus den Sicherheitsbehörden, die trotz unterschiedlicher Sichtweisen hoffentlich eines gebracht haben: einen Erkenntnisgewinn für alle Beteiligten. Dieser Tagungsbericht bildet den Auftakt zu einer Schwerpunktwoche, die morgen und übermorgen mit Beiträgen zu auf dem JuWissDay diskutierten Aspekten fortgesetzt wird.
description: JuWissBlog
Electroweak effects in radiative B decays
Creators: name: Gambino, Paolo
name: Haisch, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the two-loop electroweak corrections to the radiative decays of the B meson in the SM. Electroweak effects reduce the Wilson coefficient C_7^eff(mw) by 2.6% for a light Higgs boson of about 100 GeV and are less important for a heavier Higgs. The leading term of a heavy top expansion of our result differs from the one obtained in the gaugeless approximation where only top quark Yukawa couplings are considered: we discuss the origin of the discrepancy and provide a criterion for the validity of the gaugeless approximation. As a byproduct of the calculation we also obtain the O(alpha) corrections to the Wilson coefficient of the four-fermion operator Q_2. A careful analysis of the interplay between electroweak and QCD effects leads to an overall 2% reduction of the total branching ratio for B -> X_s gamma due to purely electroweak corrections. For a light Higgs boson, the up-to-date SM prediction is BR_gamma=3.29 10^-4.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
title: Journeys into and out of psychiatric hospitals: supporting the recovery of young people with severe mental health disorders in health and education settings
Creators: name: Cobbinah, Regina
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: The bourgeoning demand for specialist child and adolescent mental healthcare is placing a 
considerable strain on an overburdened system in England (Eley, 2022). Adequately and effectively 
supporting children and young people with mental health difficulties is essential to alleviate 
pressures on the system, especially on inpatient child and adolescent mental health services 
(CAMHS). Existing qualitative research has focused on gaining the views of children and young 
people about being supported by different professionals, in a range of settings, at discrete stages of 
their mental health recovery journey. However, few studies have explored the lived holistic 
experiences of young people who have been admitted to psychiatric hospital and their views about 
the support they receive. This qualitative study sought to listen to young people’s voices and stories 
about their experiences of being supported in healthcare and education settings, as they journeyed 
into and out of psychiatric hospital.
This research adopted a narrative inquiry approach which was viewed from a constructivist 
interpretivist philosophical perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight 
young women aged between sixteen and twenty-seven years. Prior to the interviews, data was 
collected using experience timelines completed by the participants. All verbal interviews were 
transcribed by the researcher and analysed using Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006).
By using Self Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) as a theoretical framework, the findings 
from this study provided further evidence that young people’s basic psychological needs of 
autonomy, relatedness and competence are frustrated when their needs are not placed at the heart 
of their healthcare. The young people’s needs were: to be listened to and be part of decision-making; 
to receive personalised care and support; and to receive compassionate and respectful care. 
Additional needs that young people expressed were: to feel a sense of connectedness to their school 
and have continuity of learning as a well as connectedness with peers. Although the sample size 
was small, this study highlighted the young people’s desire to have a sense of autonomy in their 
mental health recovery. By supporting this basic need as well as providing environments in which 
relatedness and competence can be fostered, healthcare and education professionals can support 
young people more effectively to encourage positive health and education outcomes.
Exact value for the average optimal cost of bipartite traveling-salesman and 2-factor problems in two dimensions
Creators: name: Capelli, Riccardo
name: Caracciolo, Sergio
name: Di Gioacchino, Andrea
name: Malatesta, Enrico M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the average cost for the traveling-salesman problem in two dimensions, which is the archetypal problem in combinatorial optimization, in the bipartite case, is simply related to the average cost of the assignment problem with the same Euclidean, increasing, convex weights. In this way we extend a result already known in one dimension where exact solutions are avalaible. The recently determined average cost for the assignment when the cost function is the square of the distance between the points provides therefore an exact prediction $$\overline{E_N} = \frac{1}π\, \log N$$ for large number of points $2N$. As a byproduct of our analysis also the loop covering problem has the same optimal average cost. We also explain why this result cannot be extended at higher dimensions. We numerically check the exact predictions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Towards an energy measurement of the internal conversion electron in the de-excitation of the Th-229 isomer
Creators: name: Stellmer, Simon
name: Shigekawa, Yudai
name: Rosecker, Veronika
name: Kazakov, Georgy A.
name: Kasamatsu, Yoshitaka
name: Yasuda, Yuki
name: Shinohara, Atsushi
name: Schumm, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first excited isomeric state of Th-229 has an exceptionally low energy of only a few eV and could form the gateway to high-precision laser spectroscopy of nuclei. The excitation energy of the isomeric state has been inferred from precision gamma spectroscopy, but its uncertainty is still too large to commence laser spectroscopy. Reducing this uncertainty is one of the most pressing challenges in the field. Here we present an approach to infer the energy of the isomer from spectroscopy of the electron which is emitted when the isomer de-excites through internal conversion (IC). The experiment builds on U-233, which decays to Th-229 and populates the isomeric state with a 2% fraction. A film of U-233 is covered by a stopping layer of few-nm thickness and placed between an alpha detector and an electron detector, such that the alpha particle and the IC electron can be detected in coincidence. Retarding field electrodes allow for an energy measurement. In the present design, the signal of the Th-229m IC electrons is masked by low-energy electrons emitted from the surface of the metallic stopping layer. We perform reference measurements with U-232 and U-234 to study systematic effects, and we study various means to reduce the background of low-energy electrons. Our study gives guidelines to the design of an experiment that is capable of detecting the IC electrons and measuring the isomer energy.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
title: Vier Jahre sind Bremer Recht!
Creators: name: Klatt, Matthias
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Bremer Bürgerschaft
subject: Legislaturperiode
subject: Volksentscheid
subject: 340

description: Im Trubel um Jamaika, SPD-Debakel und AfD-Aufstieg ging fast unter, dass im Stadtstaat Bremen zusammen mit der Bundestagswahl ein Volksentscheid über die Verlängerung der Legislaturperiode stattfand (im Vorfeld wurde berichtet, die Bewohner*innen wüssten wohl selber gar nicht wirklich, dass dieser Entscheid stattfindet). Die Bürger*innen wurden gefragt, ob – wie in den anderen Bundesländern und bei der Europawahl üblich – nur noch alle fünf Jahre gewählt werden soll. Ein Vorschlag, der auch auf Bundesebene in letzter Zeit diskutiert wird und breite Zustimmung genießt. Das Vorhaben scheiterte jedoch: rund 52 % der Teilnehmer sprachen sich gegen eine Verlängerung aus. Der taktisch klug gewählte Termin zusammen mit der Bundestagswahl ließ immerhin die sonst doch recht niedrige Beteiligung an Volksentscheiden auf 70 % ansteigen.
description: JuWissBlog
Super Weyl Anomalies in the AdS/CFT Correspondence
Creators: name: Nishimura, M.
name: Tanii, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalies of N = (4,4) superconformal field theories coupled to a conformal supergravity background in two dimensions are computed by using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We find that Weyl, axial gauge and super Weyl transformations are anomalous, while general coordinate, local Lorentz, vector gauge and local super transformations are not. The coefficients of the anomalies show that the superconformal field theories have the central charge expected in the AdS/CFT correspondence.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX, references added and typos corrected
title: Ehe für alle: auf Tunesisch
Creators: name: Dihstelhoff, Julius
name: Friehe, Matthias
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Arabischer Frühling
subject: Ehereform
subject: Familienrecht
subject: Julius Dihstelhoff
subject: Konfessionsverschiedenheit
subject: Matthias Friehe
subject: Religiös-weltanschauliche Neutralität
subject: Tunesien
subject: 340

description: Muslimische Frauen dürfen in Tunesien künftig auch einen Nicht-Muslim heiraten. Mit dieser Meldung schafften es Mitte September spannende innenpolitische Entwicklungen im Kernland des „Arabischen Frühlings“ in die deutschen Medien, die sonst hierzulande kaum wahrgenommen werden. Diese kleine Revolution im tunesischen Familienrecht zeigt zweierlei: Erstens, wie weit das islamisch geprägte Familienrecht von westlichen Rechtstraditionen entfernt ist. Zweitens, dass eine Emanzipation muslimisch geprägter Staaten von den umstrittenen Traditionen des islamischen Rechts durchaus möglich ist.
description: JuWissBlog
title: 01_0268
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
D-branes on Three-dimensional Nonabelian Orbifolds
Creators: name: Muto, Tomomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study D-branes on a three complex dimensional nonabelian orbifold ${\bf C}^3/Γ$ with $Γ$ a finite subgroup of SU(3). We present general formulae necessary to obtain quiver diagrams which represent the gauge group and the spectrum of the D-brane worldvolume theory for dihedral-like subgroups $Δ(3n^2)$ and $Δ(6n^2)$. It is found that the quiver diagrams have a similar structure to webs of branes.
description: 13 pages, LaTex, 2 figures, minor corrections, to appear in JHEP
title: The Anaerobic Rose Chamber Imaging Method (ARCIM) for Probing the Live C. difficile Dynamics
Creators: name: Zvonareva, Tatiana
name: Madril, Melissa
name: Scott, Cody
name: Zivla, Eleni
name: Courson, David
name: Purcell, Erin
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: lostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is caused by an intestinal, toxin-producing, biofilm-forming obligate anaerobe that is resistant to most broad-spectrum antibiotics. CDI presents an urgent public health threat due to high recurrence rates and limited treatment options, affecting up to 500,000 Americans annually [1]. Although progress has been made in understanding CDI pathophysiology, the development of effective therapies is hindered by the lack of accessible experimental platforms compatible with the obligate anaerobe physiology. While in vivo models have been instrumental in elucidating CDI mechanisms and advancing treatment protocols, their wide-spread use is limited by costs, availability, ethical considerations, and regulatory controls. In contrast, the in vitro microbe-microbe CDI models offer accessibility, precise experimental control, and allow the analysis of microbial interactions, but are limited by the lack of host representation. Furthermore, the development of accessible in vitro host-microbe platforms is challenged by the conflicting oxygen requirements of mammalian cells and anaerobic microbes, creating a critical gap in early CDI modeling.

This work introduces novel applications of the Anaerobic Rose Chamber Imaging Method (ARCIM), which enables the host-microbe co-culture in optically clear, gas- and liquid-tight anaerobic environment. Validation of the ARCIM platform is demonstrated by visualizing toxin-mediated cytoskeletal disruption in mammalian monolayers, establishing the effectiveness of this approach for capturing the real-time host-pathogen interactions. Additionally, the use of a novel oxygen-independent, far-red pTet-IFP2.0 C. difficile reporter is used for dynamic visualization of live biofilm formation. Therefore, ARCIM addresses a significant gap in C. difficile research by enabling accessible, real-time imaging of the host-pathogen interface. Additionally, successful visualization of live biofilm dynamics is paving the way to previously unavailable characterization for spatiotemporal studies of transcriptional regulation within biofilms.

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C. diff (Clostridioides difficile). Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/index.html (accessed on August 31, 2024).
Impact of the regularization parameter in the Mean Free Path reconstruction method: Nanoscale heat transport and beyond
Creators: name: Sánchez-Martínez, M. -A.
name: Alzina, F.
name: Oyarzo, J.
name: Sotomayor-Torres, C. M.
name: Chavez-Angel, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of the mean free path (MFP) distribution of the energy carriers in materials (e.g. electrons, phonons, magnons, etc.) is a key physical insight into their transport properties. In this context, MFP spectroscopy has become an important tool to describe the contribution of carriers with different MFP to the total transport phenomenon. In this work, we revise the MFP reconstruction technique and present a study on the impact of the regularization parameter on the MFP distribution of the energy carriers. By using the L-curve criterion, we calculate the optimal mathematical value of the regularization parameter. The effect of the change from the optimal value in the MFP distribution is analyzed in three case studies of heat transport by phonons. These results demonstrate that the choice of the regularization parameter has a large impact on the physical information obtained from the reconstructed accumulation function, and thus cannot be chosen arbitrarily. The approach can be applied to various transport phenomena at the nanoscale involving carriers of different physical nature and behavior.
Non-critical type 0 string theories and their field theory duals
Creators: name: Ferretti, Gabriele
name: Kalkkinen, Jussi
name: Martelli, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we continue the study of the non-critical type 0 string and its field theory duals. We begin by reviewing some facts and conjectures about these theories. We move on to our proposal for the type 0 effective action in any dimension, its RR fields and their Chern--Simons couplings. We then focus on the case without compact dimensions and study its field theory duals. We show that one can parameterize all dual physical quantities in terms of a finite number of unknown parameters. By making some further assumptions on the tachyon couplings, one can still make some ``model independent'' statements.
description: 30 pages, LaTeX V2: Refs. added, formulas (57) and (58) corrected
MOESM7 of Mitochondrial genomes of the early land plant lineage liverworts (Marchantiophyta): conserved genome structure, and ongoing low frequency recombination
Creators: name: Dong, Shanshan
name: Zhao, Chaoxian
name: Zhang, Shouzhou
name: Zhang, Li
name: Wu, Hong
name: Liu, Huan
name: Zhu, Ruiliang
name: Jia, Yu
name: Goffinet, Bernard
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Figure S4. RNA editing site variations and intron losses in the cox1 gene as an exemplar.
Particle Heating by Alfvenic Turbulence in Hot Accretion Flows
Creators: name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work on Alfvenic turbulence by Goldreich & Sridhar (1995; GS) suggests that the energy cascades almost entirely perpendicular to the local magnetic field. As a result, the cyclotron resonance is unimportant in dissipating the turbulent energy. Motivated by the GS cascade, we calculate the linear collisionless dissipation of Alfven waves with frequencies much less than the proton cyclotron frequency, but with perpendicular wavelengths of order the Larmor radius of thermal protons. In plasmas appropriate to hot accretion flows (proton temperature much greater than electron temperature) the dissipated Alfven wave energy primarily heats the protons. For a plasma with $β\lsim 5$, however, where $β$ is the ratio of the gas pressure to the magnetic pressure, the MHD assumptions utilized in the GS analysis break down before most of the energy in Alfven waves is dissipated; how the cascade then proceeds is unclear. Hot accretion flows, such as advection dominated accretion flows (ADAFs), are expected to contain significant levels of MHD turbulence. This work suggests that, for $β\gsim 5$, the Alfvenic component of such turbulence primarily heats the protons. Significant proton heating is required for the viability of ADAF models. We contrast our results on particle heating in ADAFs with recent work by Bisnovatyi-Kogan & Lovelace (1997).
description: 35 pages (Latex), 4 Figures. Submitted to ApJ
MOESM1 of Serum bilirubin level is associated with exercise capacity and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Leem, Ah Young
name: Kim, Young Sam
name: Lee, Ji-Hyun
name: Kim, Tae-Hyung
name: Kim, Ha Yan
name: Oh, Yeon Mok
name: Lee, Sang Do
name: Jung, Ji Ye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1:. Serum bilirubin levels over the follow-up period. Serum bilirubin levels did not vary between the visits over the follow-up period.
Searching for Granularity of the Vacuum
Creators: name: Eichler, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothesis is considered that the vacuum is a Lorentz non-invariant foam in which translational symmetry is spontaneously broken at the Planck or grand unification scale. This could possibly be observed via Rayleigh scattering of ultrahigh energy quanta, and it appears to be ruled out for spin 1/2 leptons and independently testable for photons. A weaker version of the hypothesis predicts (for otherwise massless neutrinos) irreversible neutrino mixing over a length scale of $l_{Planck}(E_ν/E_{Planck})^{-2}$ in comoving cosmic coordinates for a purely four dimensional universe, and, for neutrinos that have spin 3/2 in a higher dimensional manifold above the energy scale $ηE_{Planck}$, the mixing is predicted to take place over a scale of $η^{-4}$ times this length. Such neutrino mixing might also be observable with atmospheric and solar neutrino experiments.
Observation of galactic cosmic ray spallation events from the SoHO mission 20-Year operation of LASCO
Creators: name: Koutchmy, S.
name: Tavabi, E.
name: Urtado, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A shower of secondary Cosmic Ray (CR) particles is produced at high altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere, so the primordial Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) are never directly measured outside the Earth magnetosphere and atmosphere. They approach the Earth and other planets in the complex pattern of rigidity's dependence, generally excluded by the magnetosphere. GCRs revealed by images of single nuclear reactions also called spallation events are described here. Such an event was seen on Nov. 29, 2015 using a unique LASCO C3 space coronagraph routine image taken during the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) mission observing uninterruptedly at the Lagrangian L1 point. The spallation signature of a GCR identified well outside the Earth's magnetosphere is obtained for the 1st time. The resulting image includes different diverging linear "tracks" of varying intensity, leading to a single pixel, this frame identifies the site on the silicon CCD chip of the coronagraph camera. There was no solar flare reported at that time, nor Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and no evidence of optical debris around the spacecraft. More examples of smaller CR events have been discovered through the 20 years of continuous observations from SoHO. This is the first spallation event from a CR, recorded outside the Earth's magnetosphere. We evaluate the probable energy of these events suggesting a plausible galactic source. Key words: Sun: Galactic Cosmic Rays, Solar Energetic Particles, Heliosphere.
description: 8 Pages, 5 Figs., accepted in MNRAS
Adversarial vs cooperative quantum estimation
Creators: name: Rexiti, Milajiguli
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the estimation of a one-parameter family of isometries taking one input into two output systems. This primarily allows us to consider imperfect estimation by accessing only one output system, i.e. through a quantum channel. Then, on the one hand, we consider separate and adversarial control of the two output systems to introduce the concept of \emph{privacy of estimation}. On the other hand we conceive the possibility of separate but cooperative control of the two output systems. Optimal estimation strategies are found according to the minimum mean square error. This also implies the generalization of Personik's theorem to the case of local measurements. Finally, applications to two-qubit unitaries (with one qubit in a fixed input state) are discussed.
Scalar spectra of primordial perturbations in loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Barrau, Aurélien
name: Jamet, Pierre
name: Martineau, Killian
name: Moulin, Flora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is devoted to the study of scalar perturbations in loop quantum cosmology. It aims at clarifying the situation with respect to the way initial conditions are set and to the specific choice of an inflaton potential. Several monomial potentials are studied. Both the dressed metric and deformed algebra approaches are considered. We show that the calculation of the ultraviolet part of the spectrum, which is the physically relevant region for most background trajectories, is reliable, whereas the infrared and intermediate parts do depend on some specific choices that are made explicit.
Runge-Kutta methods and renormalization
Creators: name: Brouder, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A connection between the algebra of rooted trees used in renormalization theory and Runge-Kutta methods is pointed out. Butcher's group and B-series are shown to provide a suitable framework for renormalizing a toy model of field the ory, following Kreimer's approach. Finally B-series are used to solve a class of non-linear partial differential equations.
description: LaTeX file with FeynMF package. 21 pages, no figure
title: Ehe für alle: Doch, und ohne Verfassungswandel
Creators: name: Castán, Daniel
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ehe für alle
subject: Gleichstellung
subject: Rechtsvergleichung
subject: Regenbogenfamilienrecht
subject: 340

description: Betrachtet man die Ehe als individuelles Grundrecht und weniger als Institution, wird die Verfassungsmäßigkeit der Ehe für alle ohne Verfassungswandel möglich. Das Abstammungsrecht, das im JuWiss-Blog zusammen mit der Ehe für alle diskutiert worden ist, ist davon getrennt zu behandeln. Ausländische Rechtsordnungen zeigen, dass abstammungsrechtliche Lösungen möglich sind.
description: JuWissBlog
title: Effects of nsPEFs on Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Structures and Functions
Creators: name: Beebe, Stephen J.
name: Asadipour, Kamal
name: Ruedinger, Britney
name: Potter, Lucas
name: Hooker, Teresa
name: Lai, Nicola
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are a pulsed power technology known for ablating tumors, but they can also modulate diverse biological mechanisms. NsPEFs enhanced trans-plasma membrane electron transport (tPMET) rates at lower charging levels and attenuated rates at higher charging levels. NsPEFs attenuated electron transport (ET) (O2 consumption) in the electron transport chain (ETC) of intact and permeabilized cells as well as in isolated mitochondria at Complex I when coupled and uncoupled to oxidative phosphorylation. Effects on isolated mitochondria disclosed possible direct nsPEF effects on mitochondria. Effects of nsPEFs on increases in mROS were synergistic with the complex I inhibitor rotenone, tendering that nsPEFs and rotenone act at different sites in the ETC. Other studies showed that Ca2+ enhanced and cyclosporin A (CsA) attenuated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) but CsA did not prevent cell death, suggesting some limited role for cyclophilin D (CypD). A calcein and CoCl2 assay indicated that, unlike ionomycin, nsPEFs did not open the mitochondria permeability transition pore (mPTP). Exploring physical effects of nsPEFs on mitochondria, cytochrome c and NADH were used as impermeable molecules to the outer (OMM) and inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), respectively. After nsPEF exposure, cytochrome c, but not NADH, caused a significant oxygen flux in permeabilized cells, demonstrating that nsPEFs caused a disruption the OMM but not the IMM. Given that nsPEFs did not electro-permeabilize the IMM nor open the mPTP, we considered that the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) may be involved at least in the slower current of the mPTP but neither bongkrekic acid (BKA) nor atractyloside (ATR) had an effect, ruling out ANT in a mechanism for the nsPEF-induced loss of ΔΨm. Overall, nsPEFs have distinct structural effects even on isolated mitochondria disrupting the OMM but not the IMM yet attenuating electron transport by a mechanism distinct from that of rotenone in complex I and dissipating the ΔΨm by a mechanism attenuated by CypD but not through a well determined structure.
Design of a Descriptive Model for Product Portfolio Evolution Based on the Model of SGE – System Generation Engineering
Creators: name: Schlegel, Michael
name: Wiederkehr, Ingrid
name: Rapp, Simon Matthias
name: Koldewey, Christian
name: Albers, Albert
name: Dumitrescu, Roman
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023

description: The further development of the product portfolio is characterized by challenges such as shorter product life cycles and increasingly complex networked products. These challenges can soon no longer be met with conventional methods. For the analysis of this process, a descriptive model of product portfolios is needed, which represents all relevant aspects, content wise precisely and formally correctly. There-fore, a descriptive model was developed based on the model of SGE – System Gen-eration Engineering according to ALBERS. Based on a literature analysis, a case study and interuniversity workshops, requirements, to the description of advance-ment of product portfolios, were derived. In a survey among product developers a relevance evaluation of the requirements was performed. Based on the survey a first iteration of a descriptive model was synthesized. The model was validated and fur-ther developed in an application study with product developers within the live lab "ProVIL Product Development in the Virtual Idea Lab". The findings from this were recorded in semi-structured interviews and used to further develop the de-scriptive model. The descriptive model will be enhanced in following research work and extended by an according process model to a systematics for future robust prod-uct portfolio development.
Reconstruction of physics objects at the Circular Electron Positron Collider with Arbor
Creators: name: Ruan, Manqi
name: Zhao, Hang
name: Li, Gang
name: Fu, Chengdong
name: Wang, Zhigang
name: Lou, Xinchou
name: Yu, Dan
name: Boudry, Vincent
name: Videau, Henri
name: Balagura, Vladislav
name: Brient, Jean-Claude
name: Lai, Peizhu
name: Kuo, Chia-Ming
name: Liu, Bo
name: An, Fenfen
name: Chen, Chunhui
name: Prell, Soeren
name: Li, Bo
name: Laketineh, Imad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the Higgs discovery, precise measurements of the Higgs properties and the electroweak observables become vital for the experimental particle physics. A powerful Higgs/Z factory, the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC) is proposed. The Particle Flow oriented detector design is proposed to the CEPC and a Particle Flow algorithm, Arbor is optimized accordingly. We summarize the physics object reconstruction performance of the Particle Flow oriented detector design with Arbor algorithm and conclude that this combination fulfills the physics requirement of CEPC.