cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Blockchain-based trust and authentication model for detecting and isolating malicious nodes in flying ad hoc networks
Creators: name: Qureshi, Kashif Naseer
name: Nafea, Hanaa
name: Javed, Ibrahim Tariq
name: Zrar Ghafoor, Kayhan
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANET) is an emerging area of research due to its low cost, high coverage and fast transmission features. In these networks, the flying nodes are connected with ground stations and communicate wirelessly, especially when the networks are congested and complex. Due to mobility, and lack of predefined infrastructure, these networks have suffered from various security and trust issues. The traditional trust and security solutions are designed for ground networks and are not feasible for these networks. This paper proposes a trust and authentication model including Trust Establishment Mechanism for FANET (TEM-FANET) and authentication system by using Block-chain method. The trust is calculated to evaluate the node’s trust status and ensure the existence of the trustworthy nodes by using direct, indirect, and cumulative trust values. Whereas the authentication system is utilizing blockchain technology for nodes authentication and evaluate its feasibility. The proposed model is lightweight and able to monitor the node’s behavior and compute the trusted quality and broadcast the node status with neighbor nodes. The proposed model is also integrated with ground stations for record keeping and decision-making processes. The proposed model is evaluated in simulation with state-of-the-art trust solutions where the results show the better performance in terms of overhead, data delivery, node detection rate, and computational time.
title: Il controllo giudiziario di costituzionalità delle leggi nel diritto comparato
Creators: name: Cappelletti, Mauro
Publisher: name: Roma Tre University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vf0dg29
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Questo libro di Cappelletti ha quasi sessant’anni ma nonostante il trascorso del tempo mantiene a sua importanza e validità. Vuoi nella ricostruzione dell’impianto dei sistemi di giustizia costituzionale e la loro vocazione a tutela dei diritti di libertà, vuoi per la lezione che esprime su come si deve fare la comparazione. La quale, «come la storia, rappresenta per le scienze sociali, e quindi anche per il diritto, ciò che per le scienze naturali è la sperimentazione di laboratorio». Cappelletti è stato uno scienziato e un diffusore di cultura, non solo giuridica. Un uomo di frontiera, anzi senza frontiere. Con il suo continuo peregrinare in giro per il mondo, lasciando sempre solida traccia e vivida testimonianza del suo magistero. Anche per questo è stato un vero e grande comparatista, one of precious comparatists. Un processual-comparatista come lui stesso si definiva. Aveva una grandissima capacità di interpretare i segni dei tempi che scaturiva senz’altro dal genio delle sue doti intellettuali ma anche dalla grande lezione appresa dal suo Maestro Piero Calamandrei.
Underdamped stochastic thermodynamic engines in contact with a heat bath with arbitrary temperature profile
Creators: name: Miangolarra, Olga Movilla
name: Fu, Rui
name: Taghvaei, Amirhossein
name: Chen, Yongxin
name: Georgiou, Tryphon T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermodynamic processes in contact with a heat bath that may have an arbitrary time-varying periodic temperature profile. Within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, and for models of thermo-dynamic engines in the idealized case of underdamped particles in the low-friction regime, we derive explicit bounds as well as optimal control protocols that draw maximum power and achieve maximum efficiency at any specified level of power.
title: Design and Control of a Paediatric Robotic Lower-Limb Exoskeleton
Creators: name: Sarajchi, Mohammadhadi
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2024

description: Lower-limb exoskeletons enhance motor function in patients, benefiting both clinical rehab and daily activities. Nevertheless, paediatric exoskeletons remain largely underdeveloped. To address this gap, this thesis presents a new robotic lower-limb exoskeleton (LLE) specifically tailored for children, considering the unilateral and bilateral design configuration. Utilizing anthropometric data from the target demographic, the LLE has a size-adjustable design to accommodate children aged 8 to 12. The design incorporates six active joints at the hip and knee, actuated using Brushless DC motors in conjunction with Harmonic Drive gears. A human-LLE system is designed in SolidWorks™ and imported into Simscape™ as a virtual prototype. Considering the system's complexity, particularly in the human-exoskeleton interaction, a unique approach is employed. This approach simplifies the virtual prototype for each leg within Simscape™ into a Simplified Model using Simscape Multibody™, following multiple layers of reduction. This thesis conducts a rigorous analysis of forward and inverse kinematics applied to this Simplified Model. While the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) convention is used for the forward kinematic analysis, an algebraic-geometric method is employed to solve the inverse kinematics of the model. This kinematic analysis is then used to develop a dynamic model of the Simplified Model within the Simulink® environment, using a MATLAB Function. This Simulink Model, representing the virtual prototype, aids in designing the PD controller with gravity compensator for the unilateral exoskeleton and computed torque control (CTC) for the bilateral exoskeleton. The control regime is then applied to the virtual prototype to track a standard gait trajectory and manage the highly unstable dynamics of the human-LLE system. The minimal discrepancies observed in the angular positions between the Simulink Model and the virtual prototype while following the desired trajectory provide strong validation for the accuracy of the derived dynamic model. Furthermore, the appropriate control signals and reasonable interaction forces between the human and the LLE effectively validate the controller's performance in the presence of disturbances.
DeepThermal: Combustion Optimization for Thermal Power Generating Units Using Offline Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Zhan, Xianyuan
name: Xu, Haoran
name: Zhang, Yue
name: Zhu, Xiangyu
name: Yin, Honglei
name: Zheng, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2

description: Optimizing the combustion efficiency of a thermal power generating unit (TPGU) is a highly challenging and critical task in the energy industry. We develop a new data-driven AI system, namely DeepThermal, to optimize the combustion control strategy for TPGUs. At its core, is a new model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) framework, called MORE, which leverages historical operational data of a TGPU to solve a highly complex constrained Markov decision process problem via purely offline training. In DeepThermal, we first learn a data-driven combustion process simulator from the offline dataset. The RL agent of MORE is then trained by combining real historical data as well as carefully filtered and processed simulation data through a novel restrictive exploration scheme. DeepThermal has been successfully deployed in four large coal-fired thermal power plants in China. Real-world experiments show that DeepThermal effectively improves the combustion efficiency of TPGUs. We also report the superior performance of MORE by comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithms on the standard offline RL benchmarks.
Brain Programming is Immune to Adversarial Attacks: Towards Accurate and Robust Image Classification using Symbolic Learning
Creators: name: Ibarra-Vazquez, Gerardo
name: Olague, Gustavo
name: Chan-Ley, Mariana
name: Puente, Cesar
name: Soubervielle-Montalvo, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the security concerns about the vulnerability of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) to Adversarial Attacks (AA) in the form of small modifications to the input image almost invisible to human vision make their predictions untrustworthy. Therefore, it is necessary to provide robustness to adversarial examples in addition to an accurate score when developing a new classifier. In this work, we perform a comparative study of the effects of AA on the complex problem of art media categorization, which involves a sophisticated analysis of features to classify a fine collection of artworks. We tested a prevailing bag of visual words approach from computer vision, four state-of-the-art DCNN models (AlexNet, VGG, ResNet, ResNet101), and the Brain Programming (BP) algorithm. In this study, we analyze the algorithms' performance using accuracy. Besides, we use the accuracy ratio between adversarial examples and clean images to measure robustness. Moreover, we propose a statistical analysis of each classifier's predictions' confidence to corroborate the results. We confirm that BP predictions' change was below 2\% using adversarial examples computed with the fast gradient sign method. Also, considering the multiple pixel attack, BP obtained four out of seven classes without changes and the rest with a maximum error of 4\% in the predictions. Finally, BP also gets four categories using adversarial patches without changes and for the remaining three classes with a variation of 1\%. Additionally, the statistical analysis showed that the predictions' confidence of BP were not significantly different for each pair of clean and perturbed images in every experiment. These results prove BP's robustness against adversarial examples compared to DCNN and handcrafted features methods, whose performance on the art media classification was compromised with the proposed perturbations.
description: 58 pages, 9 figures, 13 tables, 81 references
Data-driven sensitivity analysis in a total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD) experiment of the Si$_4$O$_5$N$_3$ / 6H-SiC (0001)-($\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}$) R30$^\circ$
Creators: name: Hoshi, Takeo
name: Sakata, Daishiro
name: Oie, Shotaro
name: Mochizuki, Izumi
name: Tanaka, Satoru
name: Hyodo, Toshio
name: Hukushima, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present article proposes a data analysis method for experimentally-derived measurements, which consists of an auto-optimization procedure and a sensitivity analysis. The method was applied to the results of a total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD) experiment, a novel technique of determining surface structures or the position of the atoms near the material surface. This method solves numerically the partial differential equation in the fully-dynamical quantum diffraction theory with many trial surface structures. In the sensitivity analysis, we focused on the experimental uncertainties and the variation over individual fitting parameters, which was analyzed by solving the eigenvalue problem of the variance-covariance matrix. A modern massively parallel supercomputer was used to complete the analysis within a moderate computational time. The sensitivity analysis provides a basis for the choice of variables in the data analysis for practical reliability. The effectiveness of the present analysis method was demonstrated in the structure determination of a Si$_4$O$_5$N$_3$ / 6H-SiC(0001)-($\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}$) R30$^\circ$ surface. Furthermore, this analysis method is applicable to many experiments other than TRHEPD.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; to appear in Computer Physics Communications
Low-Rank Tensor Regression for X-Ray Tomography
Creators: name: Jantre, Sanket R.
name: Di, Zichao Wendy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tomographic imaging is useful for revealing the internal structure of a 3D sample. Classical reconstruction methods treat the object of interest as a vector to estimate its value. Such an approach, however, can be inefficient in analyzing high-dimensional data because of the underexploration of the underlying structure. In this work, we propose to apply a tensor-based regression model to perform tomographic reconstruction. Furthermore, we explore the low-rank structure embedded in the corresponding tensor form. As a result, our proposed method efficiently reduces the dimensionality of the unknown parameters, which is particularly beneficial for ill-posed inverse problem suffering from insufficient data. We demonstrate the robustness of our proposed approach on synthetic noise-free data as well as on Gaussian noise-added data.
SIMUS: an open-source simulator for ultrasound imaging. Part II: comparison with three popular simulators
Creators: name: Cigier, Amanda
name: Varray, François
name: Garcia, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computational ultrasound imaging has become a well-established methodology in the ultrasound community. In the accompanying paper (part I), we described a new ultrasound simulator (SIMUS) for Matlab, which belongs to the Matlab UltraSound Toolbox (MUST). SIMUS can generate pressure fields and radiofrequency RF signals for simulations in medical ultrasound imaging. It works in a harmonic domain and uses linear equations derived from far-field and paraxial approximations. In this article (part II), we illustrate how SIMUS compares with three popular ultrasound simulators (Field II, k-Wave, and Verasonics) for a homogeneous medium. We designed different transmit sequences (focused, planar, and diverging wavefronts) and calculated the corresponding 2-D and 3-D (with elevation focusing) RMS pressure fields. SIMUS produced pressure fields similar to those of Field II and k-Wave. The acoustic fields provided by the Verasonics simulator were significantly different from those of SIMUS and k-Wave, although the overall appearance remained consistent. Our simulations tend to demonstrate that SIMUS is reliable and can be used on a par with Field II and k-Wave for realistic ultrasound simulations.
description: to be submitted
Current status of waste plastic treatment in South Korea
Creators: name: Kwak, Hyejin
name: Kwak, Kyoung
name: Kwak, Keon
name: Kim, Kyuri
name: Kim, Haeeun
name: Jeon, Jiwoon
name: Che, Clovis Awah
name: Heynderickx, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Poster on "Current status of waste plastic treatment in South Korea"
Is there any Nambu monopolium out there?
Creators: name: Azevedo, D. O. R.
name: Bispo, M. L.
name: Del Cima, O. M.
name: Franco, D. H. T.
name: Pereira, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic monopoles have been a subject of study for more than a century since the first ideas by A. Vaschy and P. Curie, circa 1890. In 1974, Y. Nambu proposed a model for magnetic monopoles exploring a parallelism between the broken symmetry Higgs and the superconductivity Ginzburg-Landau theories in order to describe the pions quark-antiquark confinement states. There, Nambu describes an energetic string where its end points behave like two magnetic monopoles with opposite magnetic charges -- quark and antiquark. Consequently, not only the interaction among monopole and antimonopole, mediated by a massive vector boson (Yukawa potential), but also the energetic string (linear potential) contributes to the effective interaction potential. We propose here a monopole-antimonopole non confining attractive interaction of the Nambu-type, and then investigate the formation of bound states, the monopolium. Some necessary conditions for the existence of bound states to be fulfilled by the proposed Nambu-type potential, Kato weakness, Setô and Bargmann conditions, are verified. In the following, ground state energies are estimated for a variety of monopolium reduced mass, from $10^2$MeV to $10^2$TeV, and Compton interaction lengths, from $10^{-2}$am to $10^{-1}$pm, where discussion about non relativistic and relativistic limits validation is carried out.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 6 references added
Fast Principal Minor Algorithms for Quantum Many Body Systems
Creators: name: Šimkovic, Fedor
name: Ferrero, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computation of determinants plays a central role in diagrammatic Monte Carlo algorithms for strongly correlated systems. The evaluation of large numbers of determinants can often be the limiting computational factor determining the number of attainable diagrammatic expansion orders. In this work we build upon the algorithm presented in [\emph{Linear Algebra and its applications} 419.1 (2006), 107-124] which computes all principal minors of a matrix in $O(2^n)$ operations. We present multiple generalizations of the algorithm to the efficient evaluation of certain subsets of all principal minors with immediate applications to Connected Determinant Diagrammatic Monte Carlo within the normal and symmetry-broken phases as well as Continuous-time Quantum Monte Carlo. Additionally, we improve the asymptotic scaling of diagrammatic Monte Carlo formulated in real-time to $O(2^n)$ and report speedups of up to a factor $25$ at computationally realistic expansion orders. We further show that all permanent-principal-minors, corresponding to sums of bosonic Feynman diagrams, can be computed in $O(3^n)$, making diagrammatic Monte Carlo for bosonic and mixed systems a viable path worth exploring.
title: Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT): A rare splenic lesion
Creators: name: Lyalka, Sofiya
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Spleen
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 27-year-old male was referred to the radiology department for an abdominal ultrasound due to elevated liver enzymes in a blood work-up.

description: 27 years, male
Quasi-static Optical Parametric Amplification
Creators: name: Jankowski, Marc
name: Jornod, Nayara
name: Langrock, Carsten
name: Desiatov, Boris
name: Marandi, Alireza
name: Lončar, Marko
name: Fejer, Martin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-gain optical parametric amplification is an important nonlinear process used both as a source of coherent infrared light and as a source of nonclassical light. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an approach to optical parametric amplification that enables extremely large parametric gains with low energy requirements. In conventional nonlinear media driven by femtosecond pulses, multiple dispersion orders limit the effective interaction length available for parametric amplification. Here, we use the dispersion engineering available in periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate nanowaveguides to eliminate several dispersion orders at once. The result is a quasi-static process; the large peak intensity associated with a short pump pulse can provide gain to signal photons without undergoing pulse distortion or temporal walk-off. We characterize the parametric gain available in these waveguides using optical parametric generation, where vacuum fluctuations are amplified to macroscopic intensities. When driven with pulse energies in excess of 10 pJ, we observe saturated parametric gains as large as 88 dB (146 dB/cm). The devices shown here achieve saturated optical parametric generation with orders of magnitude less pulse energy than previous techniques.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, * These authors contributed equally to think work
Simulation-Based Inference with Approximately Correct Parameters via Maximum Entropy
Creators: name: Barrett, Rainier
name: Ansari, Mehrad
name: Ghoshal, Gourab
name: White, Andrew D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inferring the input parameters of simulators from observations is a crucial challenge with applications from epidemiology to molecular dynamics. Here we show a simple approach in the regime of sparse data and approximately correct models, which is common when trying to use an existing model to infer latent variables with observed data. This approach is based on the principle of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and provably makes the smallest change in the latent joint distribution to fit new data. This method requires no likelihood or model derivatives and its fit is insensitive to prior strength, removing the need to balance observed data fit with prior belief. The method requires the ansatz that data is fit in expectation, which is true in some settings and may be reasonable in all with few data points. The method is based on sample reweighting, so its asymptotic run time is independent of prior distribution dimension. We demonstrate this MaxEnt approach and compare with other likelihood-free inference methods across three systems: a point particle moving in a gravitational field, a compartmental model of epidemic spread and finally molecular dynamics simulation of a protein.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Generation of highly mutually coherent hard x-ray pulse pairs with an amplitude-splitting delay line
Creators: name: Li, Haoyuan
name: Sun, Yanwen
name: Vila-Comamala, Joan
name: Sato, Takahiro
name: Song, Sanghoon
name: Sun, Peihao
name: Seaberg, Matthew H
name: Wang, Nan
name: Hastings, Jerome
name: Dunne, Mike
name: Fuoss, Paul
name: David, Christian
name: Sutton, Mark
name: Zhu, Diling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beam splitters and delay lines are among the key building blocks of modern-day optical laser technologies. Progress in x-ray free electron laser source development and applications over the past decade is calling for their counter part operating in the Angstrom wavelength regime. Recent efforts in x-ray optics development have demonstrated relatively stable delay lines that most often adopted the division of wavefront approach for the beam splitting and recombination configuration. However, the two recombined beams have yet to achieve sufficient mutual coherence to enable applications such as interferometry, correlation spectroscopy, and nonlinear spectroscopy. We present the first experimental realization of the generation of highly mutually coherent pulse pairs using an amplitude-split delay line design based on transmission grating beam splitters and channel-cut crystal optic delay lines. The performance of the prototype system was analyzed in the context of x-ray coherent scattering and correlation spectroscopy, where we obtained nearly identical high-contrast speckle patterns from both branches. We show in addition the high level of dynamical stability during continuous delay scans, a capability essential for high sensitivity ultra-fast measurements.
description: 16 pages, 9 gigures
Bell nonlocality in networks
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Armin
name: Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro
name: Luo, Ming-Xing
name: Renou, Marc-Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell's theorem proves that quantum theory is inconsistent with local physical models. It has propelled research in the foundations of quantum theory and quantum information science. As a fundamental feature of quantum theory, it impacts predictions far beyond the traditional scenario of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. In the last decade, the investigation of nonlocality has moved beyond Bell's theorem to consider more sophisticated experiments that involve several independent sources which distribute shares of physical systems among many parties in a network. Network scenarios, and the nonlocal correlations that they give rise to, lead to phenomena that have no counterpart in traditional Bell experiments, thus presenting a formidable conceptual and practical challenge. This review discusses the main concepts, methods, results and future challenges in the emerging topic of Bell nonlocality in networks.
description: Review paper. 42 pages, 13 figures. Comments welcome! AT and APK contributed equally. V3: Updated to match published version, updated references
Interplay between regional and industrial aspects in the R&D–productivity link: evidence from Europe
Creators: name: Prenzel, Paula
name: Ortega-Argilés, Raquel
name: Cozza, Claudio
name: Mariacristina Piva
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Interplay between regional and industrial aspects in the R&D–productivity link: evidence from Europe. Regional Studies. The paper tests the effect of the interplay between regional and sectoral dimensions in the firm-level research and development (R&D)–productivity link. Using a longitudinal database of innovative publicly traded European companies between 1991 and 2008, the following main results arise. First, the elasticity of value added with respect to R&D is larger in regions characterized by a higher innovation performance (knowledge hubs versus industrial zones). Second, in knowledge hubs, industry affiliation mediates the gains from R&D: high-tech manufacturing firms profit more from R&D than low-tech ones. This evidence suggests that an innovative regional environment increases the capacity to translate R&D investments into productivity for European high-tech industries. This virtuous circle is not at work in services and in low-tech manufacturing industries.
Галузеві структурні трансформації в Україні у контексті постіндустріального економічного розвитку / Sectoral structure transformations in Ukraine in the context of post-industrial economic development
Creators: name: Vashkiv, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 140202 Economic Development and Growth
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economics
subject: 140209 Industry Economics and Industrial Organisation
subject: 140201 Agricultural Economics

description: У статті розглядаються особливості галузевої структури національної економіки України за трьома секторами: промисловістю, сільським господарством, сферою послуг. Зіставляється та аналізується динаміка міжсекторальних галузевих пропорцій в економіці України та країнах «Великої сімки», оцінюються тенденції їхніх змін у контексті постіндустріального розвитку. З’ясовано, що галузева структура економіки України за напрямом змін в основному відповідає вимогам постіндустріального розвитку. Проте, якісний характер галузевих трансформацій за своїми особливостями і тенденціями суттєво відрізняються від принципових вимог постіндустріального розвитку. Найгострішими серед них є такі: низький рівень інноваційно-технологічного розвитку в усіх секторах економіки України, наявність негативної динаміки у формуванні науково-дослідницького потенціалу країни, значна кількість державних компаній в усіх галузях економіки.
This article features the sectoral structure of national economy of Ukraine in three sectors: industry, agriculture, services. The dynamics between different sectors of industrial proportions in the economy of Ukraine and the countries of the "Big Seven" has been compared and analyzed, the trend of changes in the context of post-industrial development has been estimated. It was found that the branch structure of economy of Ukraine in the direction of change complies with the requirements of post-industrial development. However, qualitative transformation in its industry characteristics and trends differ significantly from the fundamental requirements of post-industrial development. The most critical among these are: low level of innovation and technological development in all sectors of economy of Ukraine, the presence of negative dynamics in shaping the research potential of the country, a large number of public companies in all industries.
Meta-validation of bipartite network projections
Creators: name: Cimini, Giulio
name: Carra, Alessandro
name: Didomenicantonio, Luca
name: Zaccaria, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monopartite projections of bipartite networks are useful tools for modeling indirect interactions in complex systems. The standard approach to identify significant links is statistical validation using a suitable null network model, such as the popular configuration model (CM) that constrains node degrees and randomizes everything else. However different CM formulations exist, depending on how the constraints are imposed and for which sets of nodes. Here we systematically investigate the application of these formulations in validating the same network, showing that they lead to different results even when the same significance threshold is used. Instead a much better agreement is obtained for the same density of validated links. We thus propose a meta-validation approach that allows to identify model-specific significance thresholds for which the signal is strongest, and at the same time to obtain results independent of the way in which the null hypothesis is formulated. We illustrate this procedure using data on scientific production of world countries.
Inferring species trees given coalescence and reticulation
Creators: name: Pirie, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60309 Phylogeny and Comparative Analysis
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Botany
subject: 60302 Biogeography and Phylogeography

description: Pirie, M. D. 2017. Inferring species trees given coalescence and reticulation. Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Mainz, Germany. Retrieved from http://unibibliografie.ub.uni-mainz.de/opus/frontdoor.php?source_opus=56774
Measurement of K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ production in inelastic pp collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first results on K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ resonance production in inelastic pp collisions at LHC energies of $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$, 8, and 13 TeV are presented. The K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ $\mathrm {K^0_S}$ $~+~π^{\pm}$ with the ALICE detector. Measurements of transverse momentum distributions, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-integrated yields, and mean transverse momenta for charged K$^{*}$(892) are found to be consistent with previous ALICE measurements for neutral K$^{*}$(892) within uncertainties. For $p_{\mathrm{T}} > 1$ GeV/$c$ the K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ transverse momentum spectra become harder with increasing centre-of-mass energy from 5.02 to 13 TeV, similar to what previously observed for charged kaons and pions. For $p_{\mathrm{T}} < 1$ GeV/$c$ the K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ yield does not evolve significantly and the abundance of K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ relative to K is rather independent of the collision energy. The transverse momentum spectra, measured for K$^{*}$(892)$^{\mathrm{\pm}}$ at midrapidity in the interval $0 < p_{\mathrm{T}} < 15$ GeV/$c$, are not well described by predictions of different versions of PYTHIA 6, PYTHIA 8 and EPOS-LHC event generators. These generators reproduce the measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-integrated K$^{*\mathrm{\pm}}$/K ratios and describe well the momentum dependence for $p_{\mathrm{T}} < 2$ GeV/$c$.
description: 26 pages, 7 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 21, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/7090
From Chaos to Pseudo-Randomness: A Case Study on the 2D Coupled Map Lattice
Creators: name: Wang, Yong
name: Liu, Zhuo
name: Zhang, Leo Yu
name: Pareschi, Fabio
name: Setti, Gianluca
name: Chen, Guanrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Applying chaos theory for secure digital communications is promising and it is well acknowledged that in such applications the underlying chaotic systems should be carefully chosen. However, the requirements imposed on the chaotic systems are usually heuristic, without theoretic guarantee for the resultant communication scheme. Among all the primitives for secure communications, it is well-accepted that (pseudo) random numbers are most essential. Taking the well-studied two-dimensional coupled map lattice (2D CML) as an example, this paper performs a theoretical study towards pseudo-random number generation with the 2D CML. In so doing, an analytical expression of the Lyapunov exponent (LE) spectrum of the 2D CML is first derived. Using the LEs, one can configure system parameters to ensure the 2D CML only exhibits complex dynamic behavior, and then collect pseudo-random numbers from the system orbits. Moreover, based on the observation that least significant bit distributes more evenly in the (pseudo) random distribution, an extraction algorithm E is developed with the property that, when applied to the orbits of the 2D CML, it can squeeze uniform bits. In implementation, if fixed-point arithmetic is used in binary format with a precision of $z$ bits after the radix point, E can ensure that the deviation of the squeezed bits is bounded by $2^{-z}$ . Further simulation results demonstrate that the new method not only guide the 2D CML model to exhibit complex dynamic behavior, but also generate uniformly distributed independent bits. In particular, the squeezed pseudo random bits can pass both NIST 800-22 and TestU01 test suites in various settings. This study thereby provides a theoretical basis for effectively applying the 2D CML to secure communications.
description: 10 pages, 11figures
Supplementary Material for: A New Perspective on Isotretinoin Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Retrospective Chart Review of Patient Outcomes
Creators: name: Huang, C.M.
name: Kirchhof, M.G.
Publisher: name: Karger Publishers
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine

description: Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease characterized by the development of painful, deep-seeded nodules and abscesses. Treatment guidelines include a combination of lifestyle, surgical, and medical interventions. Isotretinoin has not been included in the treatment guidelines due to the limited number of studies and conflicting reports of efficacy. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical response to isotretinoin in HS patients and to determine whether there is a particular patient population that may benefit more from this treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all HS patients treated with isotretinoin within the years of 2014-2016. Sex, age, weight, history of acne, Hurley stage, and treatment dose and duration were extracted from patient charts. Results: Of the 25 patients included in the study, 32% (8/25) had no response, 32% (8/26) showed partial response, and 36% (9/25) demonstrated complete response to isotretinoin treatment. Complete response was seen only in Hurley stage I and II patients. Hurley III patients made up 50% of the non-responders. Those with any sort of treatment response were more likely to be female, younger, weigh less, and have a higher prevalence of acne compared to non-responders. Limitations: This is a retrospective chart review with a small sample size of 25 patients. Conclusions: Physicians should consider isotretinoin as a potential treatment for HS, as it may be beneficial in patients with mild and moderate disease and patients who are female, younger, weigh less, and have a personal history of acne.
Nonsmooth Implicit Differentiation for Machine Learning and Optimization
Creators: name: Bolte, Jérôme
name: Le, Tam
name: Pauwels, Edouard
name: Silveti-Falls, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In view of training increasingly complex learning architectures, we establish a nonsmooth implicit function theorem with an operational calculus. Our result applies to most practical problems (i.e., definable problems) provided that a nonsmooth form of the classical invertibility condition is fulfilled. This approach allows for formal subdifferentiation: for instance, replacing derivatives by Clarke Jacobians in the usual differentiation formulas is fully justified for a wide class of nonsmooth problems. Moreover this calculus is entirely compatible with algorithmic differentiation (e.g., backpropagation). We provide several applications such as training deep equilibrium networks, training neural nets with conic optimization layers, or hyperparameter-tuning for nonsmooth Lasso-type models. To show the sharpness of our assumptions, we present numerical experiments showcasing the extremely pathological gradient dynamics one can encounter when applying implicit algorithmic differentiation without any hypothesis.
Abstract
Creators: name: Sahatdjian, Renee
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2019

description: In the present study, we are examining the relationship between distractor suppression and task complexity. In past literature, distractor suppression is most effective when presented with a difficult task. Contiguously, evidence suggests little benefit to using a negative attentional template when engaged in an easy search task. Studies that have attempted to look at the relationship between task difficulty and distractor suppression have used a between subjects design, which does not account for individual differences in attentional prowess. By providing cues to distractor information, and varying the levels of distractor-target similarity using a within subjects design, we hope to gain valuable insights into how we most effectively use negative templates.
Long-term natural gas contracts evolution in the changing industry environment
Creators: name: Shohrat Niyazmuradov
name: Eunnyeong Heo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper analyzes the determinants of changes in duration of long-term gas export contracts signed in the period from 1963 to 2015 in order to make implications for the gas exporting countries. Our findings from two models suggest that contracts became shorter due to gas market liberalization process triggering in Continental Europe, technological development along gas value chain and increase in LNG fleet size. On the contrary, we found that FOB deals and contracts signed during the global recession period were on average shorter compared to others. The results imply that ongoing technological development along gas value chain, planned gas market liberalization in other significant markets may lead to the further decrease in the contract duration. In this context, gas exporting developing countries may need to take this into account in longer term planning in order to foster gas export revenue stability, demand security and lessening contract renegotiation and enforcement transaction costs.
Towards hole-spin qubits in Si pMOSFETs within a planar CMOS foundry technology
Creators: name: Bellentani, L.
name: Bina, M.
name: Bonen, S.
name: Secchi, A.
name: Bertoni, A.
name: Voinigescu, S.
name: Padovani, A.
name: Larcher, L.
name: Troiani, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hole spins in semiconductor quantum dots represent a viable route for the implementation of electrically controlled qubits. In particular, the qubit implementation based on Si pMOSFETs offers great potentialities in terms of integration with the control electronics and long-term scalability. Moreover, the future down scaling of these devices will possibly improve the performance of both the classical (control) and quantum components of such monolithically integrated circuits. Here we use a multi-scale approach to simulate a hole-spin qubit in a down scaled Si-channel pMOSFET, whose structure is based on a commercial 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator device. Our calculations show the formation of well defined hole quantum dots within the Si channel, and the possibility of a general electrical control, with Rabi frequencies of the order of 100 MHz for realistic field values. Our calculations demonstrate the crucial role of the channel aspect ratio, and the presence of a favorable parameter range for the qubit manipulation.
Effect of field dissipation and cooling on the mass-radius relation of strongly magnetised white dwarfs
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Mukul
name: Hackett, Alexander J.
name: Gupta, Abhay
name: Tout, Christopher A.
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the luminosity suppression and its effect on the mass-radius relation as well as cooling evolution of highly magnetised white dwarfs. Based on the effect of magnetic field relative to gravitational energy, we suitably modify our treatment of the radiative opacity, magnetostatic equilibrium and degenerate core equation of state to obtain the structural properties of these stars. Although the Chandrasekhar mass limit is retained in the absence of magnetic field and irrespective of the luminosity, strong central fields of about $10^{14}\, {\rm G}$ can yield super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs with masses up to $1.9\, M_{\odot}$. Smaller white dwarfs tend to remain super-Chandrasekhar for sufficiently strong central fields even when their luminosity is significantly suppressed to $10^{-16}\ L_{\odot}$. Owing to the cooling evolution and simultaneous field decay over $10\ {\rm Gyr}$, the limiting masses of small magnetised white dwarfs can fall to $1.5\ M_{\odot}$ over time. However the majority of these systems still remain practically hidden throughout their cooling evolution because of their high fields and correspondingly low luminosities. Utilising the stellar evolution code $\textit{STARS}$, we obtain close agreement with the analytical mass limit estimates and this suggests that our analytical formalism is physically motivated. Our results argue that super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs born due to strong field effects may not remain so for long. This explains their apparent scarcity in addition to making them hard to detect because of their suppressed luminosities.
description: 20 pages including 9 figures and 5 tables; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
Unsupervised identification of Floquet topological phase boundaries
Creators: name: Ma, Nannan
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonequilibrium topological matter has been a fruitful topic of both theoretical and experimental interest. A great variety of exotic topological phases unavailable in static systems may emerge under nonequilibrium situations, often challenging our physical intuitions. How to locate the borders between different nonequilibrium topological phases is an important issue to facilitate topological characterization and further understand phase transition behaviors. In this work, we develop an unsupervised machine-learning protocol to distinguish between different Floquet (periodically driven) topological phases, by incorporating the system's dynamics within one driving period, adiabatic deformation in the time dimension, plus the system's symmetry all into our machine learning algorithm. Results from two rich case studies indicate that machine learning is able to reliably reveal intricate topological phase boundaries and can hence be a powerful tool to discover novel topological matter afforded by the time dimension.
description: 6+ pages of main text, plus 5 pages of supplementary materials. 7 figures in total. Comments are most welcome
Absent thermal equilibration on fractional quantum Hall edges over macroscopic scale
Creators: name: Melcer, Ron Aharon
name: Dutta, Bivas
name: Spånslätt, Christian
name: Park, Jinhong
name: Mirlin, Alexander D.
name: Umansky, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional topological insulators, and in particular quantum Hall states, are characterized by an insulating bulk and a conducting edge. Fractional states may host both downstream (dictated by the magnetic field) and upstream propagating edge modes, which leads to complex transport behavior. Here, we combine two measurement techniques, local noise thermometry and thermal conductance, to study thermal properties of states with counter-propagating edge modes. We find that, while charge equilibration between counter-propagating edge modes is very fast, the equilibration of heat is extremely inefficient, leading to an almost ballistic heat transport over macroscopic distances. Moreover, we observe an emergent quantization of the heat conductance associated with a strong interaction fixed point of the edge modes. This new understanding of the thermal equilibration on edges with counter-propagating modes is a natural route towards extracting the topological order of the exotic 5/2 state.