Philaenus spumarius Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Mozaffarian, Fariba
name: Wilson, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Aphrophoridae
Philaenus
Philaenus spumarius

description: Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Figs 9, 18 a–c, 28)
Cicada spumaria Linnaeus, 1758: 437.
Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758): Dlabola (1981): 211; Mirzayans (1995): 21; Khajehali et al. (2001): 57, fig. 19.
Material examined. Alborz: 61 Km E. Azadbar, 2350m, 21.vii.1988, leg. Mirzayans/ Badii, 1♂ (HMIM); 8 Km W. Zidasht, 2200m, 10–13.vii.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Mortazaviha, 1♀ (HMIM); Arangeh, Sarziarat, 1750m, 10–11.vii. 1996, leg. Bararai/ Badii, 21♂, 24♀ (HMIM); Asalak, 2100m, 29.viii.1996, leg. Badii/ Barari/ Sarafrazi, 1♀ (HMIM); Azadbar, 2400m, 7–9.v.1995, leg. Sarafrazi/ Badii/ Linnavuori, 1♀ (HMIM); Baraghan, 1470m, 3.ix.1996, leg. Badii/ Barari/ Sarafrazi, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Jovestan 2.ix.2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 7♀ (HMIM); Kalha, 2000m, 26.viii.1996, leg. Badii/ Sarafrazi/ Barari, 2♂, 6♀ (HMIM); Karaj, v.1975, 1 ♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Samghabad, 1.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 4♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Shahrestanak, 2100m, 9–12.vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori/ Badii/ Sarafrazi, 4♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Ardabil: 20–30 km E Khalkhal, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 1♀ (NMWC); Arjestan, 1700m, 2.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂ (HMIM); Firuzabad, viii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♀ (NMWC); Givi, viii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 4♂, 5♀ (NMWC); Khaikhal–Givi, viii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Khalkhal, 1600m, 2.vii.1998, leg. Mofidi, 1♂ (HMIM); Neor lake, 2350m, 17.viii.1991, leg. Hashemi/ Parchami, 1♂ (HMIM); Parsabad, 27.viii.2012, Mofidi/ Khani, 1♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Gharbi: Ghuchali, 09.viii.97, leg. Mirzayans/ Zehzad, 1♀ (HMIM); Gikhak, 2182m, 29.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Kallehgavi, 1683m, 28.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 7♂, 14♀ (HMIM); Mahmoodabad-e Olya, 25 km, Shahindej, 1426m, 29.viii.2007, leg. Moghaddam/ Mozaffarian/ Nematian, 4♂, 15♀ (HMIM); Salmas, 20.vii.1968, leg. Abaii/ Mojib, 1♀ (HMIM); Silvana, 24.vi.1970, leg. Pazuki, 1♂ (HMIM); Tazekand, 1700m, 21–22.viii.1994, leg. Ebrahimi/ Sarafrazi, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: 15 km Kalibar, 1582m, 2.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Ahar, 20.vii.1968, leg. Abaii/ Mojib, 2♀ (HMIM); Almas, 2100m, 29.vi.1985, leg. Mirzayans/ Pazuki, 28♂, 33♀ (HMIM); Bonab, 1316m, 27.vii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian/ Nematian, 2♀ (HMIM); Bostanabad, 1675m, 24.viii.1994, leg. Sarafrazi/ Ebrahimi, 7♂, 6♀ (HMIM); Bozghush, 2250m, 26–30.vii.1992, leg. Parchami/ Badii, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Gheshlagh 9.viii.2005, leg. Gilasian/ Ebrahimi, 3♀ (HMIM); Hergelan Vill., 1965m, 15.vi.2008, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Kalibar, 1793m, 2.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 8♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Kalibar, 1863m, 2.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 1.x.1975, leg. Sadeghzadeh, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 2661m, 1.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 2661m, 1.ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Khodaafarin–Jolfa Rd, 514m, 04.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♀ (HMIM); Lighvan, 2440m, 3.viii.1992, leg. Parchami/ Badii, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Mianeh, 1080m, 7.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 1♀ (HMIM); Oshlogh– Alverak, 1700m, 20.viii.1991, leg. Hashemi/ Parchami, 1♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Tatar, 1♀ (HMIM); Tazehkand, 1280m, 12.viii.1992, leg. Badii/ Parchami, 4 ♂, 8♀ (HMIM); Vayeghan, 1440m, 5–6.viii.1992, leg. Parchami/ Badii, 6♂, 9♀ (HMIM); Yaichi Vill., 1922m, 1♂ (HMIM); Youzband, 1500m, 4.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂, 4♀ (HMIM). Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari: Solay, 2600–3200m, 5.vii.1969, leg. Pazuki, 1♀ (HMIM); Tang-e Zeverdegan, 23.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM). Esfahan: Afus, 2596m, 21.vii.2010, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Bidhend, 42m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂ (HMIM); Eskandari, 24.vi.09, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Fereidunshahr, 2598m, 21.vii.2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Ghazaan, 2224m, 14.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Golpaiegan Dam, 2044m, 20.vii.2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Hasangun, 2457m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Kamu, 2548m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Natanz, Abyaneh, 2253m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Niasar, Margh, 1947m, 18.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Zayandehrood Dam, 2065m, 20.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 2♀ (HMIM). Fars: Bamoo National Park, 1650m vi.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 6♀ (NMWC); Dasht-e Arjan, vi.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 5♀ (NMWC); Estahban, 1710m, 11.vi.1996, leg. Badii/ Sarafrazi/ Linnavuori, 1♂ (HMIM); Shahpur, 27.vii.1967, leg. Damanabi, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Ghom: Ghom, 6.vi.1974, 13,19,24. vi.1974, 18, 25.vii.1974, 1, 8, 22, 28.viii.1974, 10, 29.ix.1974, 7.xi.1974, 14.v.1975, 4, 11, 18, 25.vi.1975, 9, 16, 23.vii.1975, 17, 31.viii.1975, 22.ix.1975, leg. Farzaneh, 42♂, 90♀ and 25.viii.1975, 7.IX.1975, leg. Sabzevari, 1♂, 8♀ (HMIM); Seifabad Vil., 912 m, 18.ix.2007, leg. Alipanah, 1♀ (HMIM). Gilan: 15 km W. Astara, 135m, 27.vi.2003, leg. Moghaddam/ Naserzadeh, 1♂ (HMIM); 35km E.Khaikhal, vi.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 1♀ (NMWC); Bandar Anzali, 29.ix.1970, leg. Abaii, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Bivarzin, 900m, 27–28.v.1997, leg. Sarafrazi/ Badii/ Nazari, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Damashk, vii–viii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 3♀ (NMWC); Darreh Dasht, vi.1995, VII. 1996, viii.98, leg. Linnavuori, 12♂, 26♀ (NMWC); Daylaman Baraser, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Deylaman, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 18♂, 22♀ (NMWC); Fouman, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Gilanchakan, 1820m, 27.vi.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Jafrud, vii.2006, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Jirandeh, ix.2000, vii.1996 and vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Kandovan, 21.viii.1978, leg. Hashemi/ Zairi, 1♀ (HMIM); Kom, 150m, 4.viii.1975, leg. Mirzayans, 4♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Lashtnesha, vii.2002, iv.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Lounak, viii.1998, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Majareh Kolur, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ (NMWC); Manjil, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Masuleh, viii.2002, viii.1998, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Pissasson, 1300m, 15–16.viii.1980, leg. Pazuki/ Borumand, 1♀ (HMIM); Rahimabad, 1.ix.2007, leg. Farashyani/ Farsi, 1♀ (HMIM); Rasht, vi.1995 and 29.viii.2001, leg. Manzari/ Mofidi/ Linnavuori, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Salansar, viii.1998, ix.2000, vii.2002, vii.2006, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ (NMWC); Sangachin, 4m, 23.vi.2003, leg. Moghaddam/ Naserzadeh, 1♂ (HMIM); Sangrud, vii.2003, vi.2006, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ (NMWC); Saravan, ix.2000, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Shaft, v.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Shahrestanak 60km NE Karaj 2100m, vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Tang-e Heiran, 1044m, 27.vi.2003, leg. Moghaddam/ Naserzadeh, 1♀ (HMIM). Hamedan: Avaj, 2080m, 11.viii.1996, leg. Parchami/ Barari/ Nazari, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Barat, 2350 m, 8.viii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 8♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Darry-e Moradbeik, 2100m, 9.viii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♀ (HMIM); Soleimanabad, 1730m, 14.viii. 2001, leg. Ebrahimi/ Gilasian/ Nematian, 1♀ (HMIM). Hormozgan: Geno, 1590m, 28–29.iv.1996, leg. Badii/ Ardeh/ Nazari, 1♀ (HMIM). Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad: Kakan, Hoseinkhani, 2100m, 26.v.1995, leg. Hashemi/ Badii/ Sarafrazi, 4♂, 3♀ (HMIM). Kordestan: Ravansar, 15.vii.1967, leg. Abaii/ Mojib, 2♂ (HMIM). Lorestan: Kamandan, 2050–2300m, 23–24.viii.1994, leg. Mirzayans/ Sarafrazi, 1♂ (HMIM). Markazi: 5 km Gharghabad, 1570m, 15.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Garreh-e Bidsukhteh, 2000m, 29.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂, 7♀ (HMIM). Mazandaran: Damadkola, 1100m, 26.v.2005, leg. Serri/ Naserzadeh, 1♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 21.viii.1978, leg. Hashemi/ Zairi, 2550 m, vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 1♀ (HMIM and NMWC); Khakak, 2560m, 9.vii.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Mortazaviha, 1 ♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Khorramabad, 1000m, 29.ix.1994, leg. Mirzayans/ Ebrahimi/ Badii, 2♀ (HMIM); Mangel, 980m and 1000m, 22.v.2005, leg. Naserzadeh/ Serri, 17♂, 14♀ (HMIM); Marzanabad, 2170m, 31.vii.2009, Hajiesmailian/ Eskandari, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Nematabad, 1200m, 26.v.2003, leg. Gilasian/ Nematian, 1♀ (HMIM); Nour, 30.v.2006, leg. Farashyani/ Zinali, 1♀ (HMIM); Sehezar, 980m, 27.vi.1998, leg. Mofidi, 1♀ (HMIM); Tehran: 25 km NE Firuzkouh, vii.2003, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Absard, 3–7.vii.1978, leg. Pazuki/ Sabzevari, 2♀ (HMIM); Damavand, 20.VII.1970, leg. Safavi/ Hashemi, 3–7.vii.1978, leg. Pazuki/ Sabzevari and 2411m, 2705m, 27.viii. 2006, 2950m, 27.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian 8♂ 8♀ (HMIM); Firuzkuh, 16.viii.1947, Mirzayans, 1♀ (HMIM); Firuzkuh, Tang-e Vashi, Abshar-e Savashi, 2191–2250m, 28.vi.2006, leg. Alipanah, 2♂ (HMIM); Gachsar, vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); armabedar, 2670m, 6.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 15♂, 15♀ (HMIM); Zanjan: 20–35km E. Zanjan, viii.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 17♂, 18♀ (NMWC); 8 km Soltanieh, 1959m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 13♂, 15♀ (HMIM); Altinkosh vil., 656m, 12.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailia, 1♂ (HMIM); Gilankesh, vi.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 6♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Gilvan, vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Mohaghegh, 1♂ (HMIM); Paskuhan, 2055m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Yukharichay, 1660m, 7.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 4♂, 6♀ (HMIM); Yusefabad, 1750m, 11.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 31♂, 19♀ (HMIM); Zanjan– Gilvan Rd, Khanchai, 2335m, 1.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 21♂, 14♀ (HMIM); Zanjan, vii.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Zarrinabad, 1659m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM).
Distribution and habitat. Tischetkin (2013) found that the true Ph. spumarius was not among specimens he studied from Iran but this appears to be based on only a small sample. According to the published literature (Dlabola 1957, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1981; Khajehali et al. 2001) and the collecting data from our examined material, Ph. spumarius is known as a Holarctic faunal element which lives in Steppes with Astragalus, Semi steppes, Mesophilic biotopes, at the edge of the forests, bank of rivers with Juncus and deciduous shrubs, Hyrcanian vegetation, on Populus sp, Tamarix, at the edge of snowfields, in orchards (e.g. pomegranate and apple orchards) and fields (e.g. potato, alfalfa and wheat fields).
Ph. spumarius is a polyphagous species with a very wide range of hosts and the preference to nitrogen fixing plants (Thompson 1994; Owen 1988) and can be found on large numbers of dicotyledonous plant species (Drosopoulos 2003). It is considered as a pest on alfalfa and strawberry and a potential vector for the bacterium X. fastidiosa which infests olive trees (Peck & Thompson 2008; European Food Safety Authority 2013), a resource of Pierce’s disease virus, the vector of elm yellows phytoplasma (Rosa et al., 2014, DeLong & Severin 1950). The mentioned published data shows the activity of this species in the elevation of 1350m to 3900m in Iran. However, our examined material indicates the presence of the species at a minimum of 900m elevation.
Ph. spumarius is a Holarctic species with a wide natural distribution in Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, Iran (Northwest, North, center and south, Fig. 28), Afghanistan, Central, Northern and Eastern Asia. The publications of records of the localities and the habitats of this species in Iran were all made before the description of Ph. elbursianus and M. iranicus. Hence the recorded distribution may include these cryptic species too. Specimens recorded by Mirzayans (1995) and deposited in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum were examined and corrected but re-identification of specimens from other published records was beyond the scope of this study. The location of examined material is shown with a different colour on the map (Fig. 28).
description: Published as part of Mozaffarian, Fariba & Wilson, Michael R., 2015, The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae), pp. 442-456 in Zootaxa 4052 (4) on pages 449-451, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/238924