cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Explozívák realizációja ﬁatal és öregedő felnőttek beszédében
Creators: name: Száraz, Bettina
name: Gráczi, Tekla Etelka
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: Possible gender and age related diﬀerences have been hypothesized and suggested by previous work on voice onset time of stops. Most studies investigate not truly voicing languages, but those that were carried out on truly voicing languages, like Hungarian, explore only voiceless stops. However, the simultaneous production of voicing and closure are contradictory due to the intraoral pressure build up. Therefore the question arises if gender or age related articulatory diﬀerences/changes may result in diﬀerent realisations. The present study aimed to introduce preliminary results on possible gender and age related realisations of stops in Hungarian that contrast prevoicing and short lag VOT. 10 intervocalic, word-medial realizations of /d t g k/ per subject were analyzed in read speech of 30 young and 30 aging subjects (15 men and 15 women in both groups) from the BEA-database. The Scheirer–Ray–Hare-test was used to compare the results between age and gender groups. The VOT of voiced stops was longer in aging subjects’ pronunciation than that in the younger ones, and it was longer in female subjects’ speech than in men’s read speech. No clear tendencies were found for the voiceless stops. The approximalised/fricated or no-burst realisations of the velar stops were more frequent in men’s pronunciation than in that of women. The voicing ratio did not show clear tendencies. The longer VOT of voiced stops in the aging group and in female subjects’ speech may be the result of longer closure phases that might be resulted by slower articulation. This assumption needs further investigation. Results of further parameters did not show consequent diﬀerences between the analysed speaker groups that, together with previous results for Hungarian, suggest that aging and gender have low or no direct impact on these features. The results of the present study serve as preliminary data on the gender and age related diﬀerences in stops of prevoicing languages, therefore, further studies are necessary.
Threshold of a Random Laser with Cold Atoms
Creators: name: Froufe-Pérez, Luis S.
name: Guerin, William
name: Carminati, Rémi
name: Kaiser, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of achieving an optical random laser with a cloud of cold atoms, in which gain and scattering are provided by the same atoms. The lasing threshold can be defined using the on-resonance optical thickness b0 as a single critical parameter. We predict the threshold quantitatively, as well as power and frequency of the emitted light, using two different light transport models and the atomic polarizability of a strongly-pumped two-level atom. We find a critical b0 on the order of 300, which is within reach of state-of-the-art cold-atom experiments. Interestingly, we find that random lasing can already occur in a regime of relatively low scattering.
description: Note that Eq. (3) of the published version in PRL contains a misprint. The correct expression is given here
A Lotka-Volterra type model analyzed through different techniques
Creators: name: Pinto, Jorge
name: Vaz, Sandra
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A08, 65L10, 65L12, 65L20, 65L70

description: We consider a modified Lotka-Volterra model applied to the predator-prey system that can also be applied to other areas, for instance the bank system. We show that the model is well-posed (non-negativity of solutions and conservation law) and study the local stability using different methods. Firstly we consider the continuous model, after which the numerical schemes of Euler and Mickens are investigated. Finally, the model is described using Caputo fractional derivatives. For the fractional model, besides well-posedness and local stability, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution. Throughout the work we compare the results graphically and present our conclusions. To represent graphically the solutions of the fractional model we use the modified trapezoidal method that involves the modified Euler method.
description: Accepted on June 22, 2023 for publication
William Howard Taft, the Origin of the Rule of Reason, and the Actavis Challenge
Creators: name: Rooney, William H.
name: Fleming, Timothy G.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The origin of the Rule of Reason can be traced to the notable decision of United States v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. (1898), which was written by William Howard Taft during his tenure on the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. There, Judge Taft distinguished between restraints that were mainly or entirely designed to restrain trade and those that are ancillary to a procompetitive main purpose. That fundamental distinction, drawn at the dawn of Sherman Act jurisprudence, forms the basis of the Rule of Reason that currently informs antitrust case law. This Article describes the context in which the Rule of Reason was debated and defended both in public discourse by President and Professor Taft and in the landmark Supreme Court decisions of Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States (1911) and United States v. American Tobacco Co.(1911). This Article then follows the development of the Rule of Reason through Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. United States (1918) to the modern era of antitrust jurisprudence. Finally, this Article describes the application of the Rule of Reason to reverse-payment settlements in the pharmaceutical sector, one of the most challenging contemporary antitrust issues. It does so through a discussion of the Supreme Court case FTC v. Actavis (2013) and the Third Circuit’s application of Actavis in In re Wellbutrin Xl Antitrust Litig. Indirect Purchaser Class (2017). This Article provided the foundation for, and introduction to, the remarks of Professor Michael A. Carrier and Mr. Saul Morgenstern that were delivered at the New York State Bar Association Antitrust Law Section’s William Howard Taft Lecture on September 28, 2017. Those remarks are reprinted in article form in this volume of the Columbia Business Law Review.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 1
A dilogarithmic formula for the Cheeger-Chern-Simons class
Creators: name: Dupont, Johan
name: Zickert, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57T30

description: We present a simplification of Neumann's formula for the universal Cheeger-Chern-Simons class of the second Chern polynomial. Our approach is completely algebraic, and the final formula can be applied directly on a homology class in the bar complex.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 26 September 2006
Lecture: The Rule of Reason in the Post-Actavis World
Creators: name: Carrier, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: Though known more as U.S. President and Supreme Court Chief Justice, William Howard Taft played an important role in the development of antitrust law. As Sixth Circuit judge, his ruling in the Addyston Pipe case can be linked to modern antitrust law, including the Supreme Court’s 2013 decision in FTC v. Actavis on drug patent settlements. This essay draws lessons from Addyston Pipe for these settlements, explains how courts today apply the Rule of Reason, and explores the analysis of settlements after Actavis.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 1
ОБРАЗ АМИРА ТИМУРА В ТРАГЕДИИ НИКОЛАСА РОУ «ВЕЛИКИЙ ТЕМУР»: АЛЛЕГОРИЯ СПРАВЕДЛИВОГО ПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ГУМАНИСТИЧЕСКИХ ИДЕАЛОВ ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЯ
Creators: name: Якубов Музаффар Камилджанович научный исследователь университет Мамуна, Хорезм, Хива, Узбекистан
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье рассматривается образ Амира Тимура, созданный Николасом Роу в трагедии «Великий Темур». Анализируется смысловая нагрузка персонажа, его роль как воплощения идеала справедливого правителя и защитника человечества, а также политическая аллегория, заложенная автором. Отдельное внимание уделено сравнению черт характера Тимура с идеалами эпохи Просвещения, особенно с гуманистическими.

Ключевые слова: интерпретация, трагедия, идеал, Николас Роу, Великий Тимур, политическая аллегория, европейская литература
Localization effects in disordered quantum batteries
Creators: name: Arjmandi, Mohammad B.
name: Mohammadi, Hamidreza
name: Saguia, Andreia
name: Sarandy, Marcelo S.
name: Santos, Alan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of localization on the local charging of quantum batteries (QBs) modeled by disordered spin systems. Two distinct schemes based on the transverse-field random Ising model are considered, with Ising couplings defined on a Chimera graph and on a linear chain with up to next-to-nearest neighbor interactions. By adopting a low-energy demanding charging process driven by local fields only, we obtain that the maximum extractable energy by unitary processes (ergotropy) is highly enhanced in the ergodic phase in comparison with the many-body localization (MBL) scenario. As we turn off the next-to-nearest neighbor interactions in the Ising chain, we have the onset of the Anderson localization phase. We then show that the Anderson phase exhibits a hybrid behavior, interpolating between large and small ergotropy as the disorder strength is increased. We also consider the splitting of total ergotropy into its coherent and incoherent contributions. This incoherent part implies in a residual ergotropy that is fully robust against dephasing, which is a typical process leading to the self-discharging of the battery in a real setup. Our results are experimentally feasible in scalable systems, such as in superconducting integrated circuits.
description: 10 pages and 9 figures
Commentary: “Applying the Rule of Reason in the Post-Actavis World”
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Saul P.
name: Pergament, Adam M
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: In FTC v. Actavis, 133 S. Ct. 2223 (2013), the Supreme Court held that in cases challenging alleged “reverse payment” settlements of patent litigation arising in the context of the Hatch-Waxman Act, the Rule of Reason applies—no per se rules, no quick look, no shortcuts. Actavis arose in the context of a motion to dismiss and explicitly left to the lower courts the task of structuring the Rule of Reason analysis. Following Actavis, how the lower courts should apply the Rule of Reason has been the subject of considerable debate. The FTC and private plaintiffs, as well as law professors aligned with their views, have attempted to find in Actavis justifications for injecting shortcuts and presumptions that would undermine the Court’s clear holdings. Those efforts have thus far been largely rejected in post-Actavis litigation. As we argue, courts should continue to reject such efforts—which rest on presumptions rather than proof—and preserve the integrity of the Rule of Reason.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2018 No. 1
Virtual Reality Sickness Reduces Attention During Immersive Experiences
Creators: name: Mimnaugh, Katherine J.
name: Center, Evan G.
name: Suomalainen, Markku
name: Becerra, Israel
name: Lozano, Eliezer
name: Murrieta-Cid, Rafael
name: Ojala, Timo
name: LaValle, Steven M.
name: Federmeier, Kara D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper, we show that Virtual Reality (VR) sickness is associated with a reduction in attention, which was detected with the P3b Event-Related Potential (ERP) component from electroencephalography (EEG) measurements collected in a dual-task paradigm. We hypothesized that sickness symptoms such as nausea, eyestrain, and fatigue would reduce the users' capacity to pay attention to tasks completed in a virtual environment, and that this reduction in attention would be dynamically reflected in a decrease of the P3b amplitude while VR sickness was experienced. In a user study, participants were taken on a tour through a museum in VR along paths with varying amounts of rotation, shown previously to cause different levels of VR sickness. While paying attention to the virtual museum (the primary task), participants were asked to silently count tones of a different frequency (the secondary task). Control measurements for comparison against the VR sickness conditions were taken when the users were not wearing the Head-Mounted Display (HMD) and while they were immersed in VR but not moving through the environment. This exploratory study shows, across multiple analyses, that the effect mean amplitude of the P3b collected during the task is associated with both sickness severity measured after the task with a questionnaire (SSQ) and with the number of counting errors on the secondary task. Thus, VR sickness may impair attention and task performance, and these changes in attention can be tracked with ERP measures as they happen, without asking participants to assess their sickness symptoms in the moment.
The intonation of lengthenings in northern and southern dialects of Spanish
Creators: name: Baditzné Pálvölgyi, Kata
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: This research focuses on the prosodic patterns of lengthenings attested in northern and southern dialects of European Spanish, more precisely, on their intonation. A corpus of 200 spontaneous utterances has been elaborated (including 100 utterances from the northern dialects and 100 utterances from the southern ones, produced by 16 male and 16 female informants, respectively). The analysis has been carried out following the standardization protocol oﬀered by Cantero Serena Font-Rotchés (2009), Cantero Serena (2019) and Cantero Font-Rotchés (2020), in which the representative values of intonation (in Hz) are taken for each syllable, and then these values undergo a process of standardization, in order to be comparable objectively and speaker-independently. It is expected that lengthenings show no remarkable inter-dialectal melodic diﬀerences. Also, it is predicted that lengthenings do not present prominent prosodic features as compared to their context, because they may serve as a tool for the speaker to maintain the conversational turn, without interrupting the tonal movement of the utterance.
Multi-exposure diffraction pattern fusion applied to enable wider-angle transmission Kikuchi diffraction with direct electron detectors
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianbi
name: Britton, T. Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffraction pattern analysis can be used to reveal the crystalline structure of materials, and this information is used to nano- and micro-structure of advanced engineering materials that enable modern life. For nano-structured materials typically diffraction pattern analysis is performed in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and TEM diffraction patterns typically have a limited angular range (less than a few degrees) due to the long camera length, and this requires analysis of multiple patterns to probe a unit cell. As a different approach, wide angle Kikuchi patterns can be captured using an on-axis detector in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a shorter camera length. These 'transmission Kikuchi diffraction' (TKD) patterns present a direct projection of the unit cell and can be routinely analyzed using EBSD-based methods and dynamical diffraction theory. In the present work, we enhance this analysis significantly and present a multi-exposure diffraction pattern fusion method that increases the dynamic range of the detected patterns captured with a Timepix3-based direct electron detector (DED). This method uses an easy-to-apply exposure fusion routine to collect data and extend the dynamic range, as well as normalize the intensity distribution within these very wide (>95°) angle patterns. The potential of this method is demonstrated with full diffraction sphere reprojection and highlight potential of the approach to rapidly probe the structure of nano-structured materials in the scanning electron microscope.
description: as submitted, after one revision
Superconducting double spin valve with extraordinary large tunable magnetoresistance
Creators: name: Giazotto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A superconducting double spin valve device is proposed. Its operation takes advantage of the interplay between the spin-filtering effect of ferromagnetic insulators and superconductivity-induced out-of-equilibrium transport. Depending on the degree of nonequilibrium, extraordinary large tunnel magnetoresistance as large as 10^2...10^6% can be obtained for realistic material parameters, and it can be tuned over several orders of magnitude under proper voltage biasing and temperature. The relevance of this setup for low-temperature applications is further discussed.
description: 3+ pages, 3 color figures
Experimental investigation of the effects of upstream conditions on culvert efficiency during debris flow events
Creators: name: Hughes, Carlie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In British Columbia, culverts are designed to pass the 100-year clearwater flow for a given stream. However, the design criteria does not account for the influence that entrained sedi ment will have on the flow characteristics. It is common in the British Columbia mountainous regions to experience sediment entrainment during flooding events which lead to the genera tion of debris flows. To account for the impact that entrained sediment and debris may have on the culvert’s ability to pass the flow, BC guidelines vaguely suggest site visits or con sultations with professionals. For my thesis, I ran experiments to compare culvert efficacy when experiencing clearwater flows as well as debris flows. Debris flows containing large grains and large wood were run to compare the effects that different materials may have on the impact a debris flow could have on a forest service road crossing. The experiments were run using the Debris Flow Simulator in the UBC Ponderosa Laboratory. This study focuses on small, mountainous streams that cross forest service roads which are prone to culvert failures but are not frequently monitored. Protoype streams were found in the Chilliwack River watershed that were 2.5-meters wide with a drainage area of 0.27 km2 and on slopes ranging from 32%-45%. The results show that sediment entrainment led to a bulking factor of 1.5-2 and an event as small as a 5-10 year clearwater flow event can lead to the failure of a culvert system. Large grains did not significantly affect the flow characteristics or the impact on the culvert system. The addition of large wood resulted in several culvert fail ure events due to the jamming that took place at the culvert inlet. These results will aid in understanding debris flow impacts and encourage appropriate culvert designs which will decrease the amount of resources put into restoring damaged culvert crossings over time.
Advisers, Brokers, and Online Platforms
Creators: name: Smith, Alec
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The differences between Investment Advisers and Brokers have long confused retail investors. Despite different governing statutes, many investors are still left wondering as to which services each provides and to which legal standard they are subject. Adding to this problem has been the rise of online and mobile platforms for investing that offer many of the same services and compensation structures as Advisers and Brokers, yet subject investors to a third distinct level of legal protection. This Note identifies the problems inherent in the current system and explores several possible solutions that could reduce consumer confusion and potential investor harm with minimal impact on market efficiency. In the end, this Note identifies the need for new legislation governing all financial advisers, which creates a unified fiduciary standard across all three forms of financial adviser as the optimal solution. This Note illustrates the precedent for such an extension of fiduciary obligations as well as how this standard must be tailored to best balance the interests of both investors and financial advisers.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 3
The Growth of Massive Galaxies Since z=2
Creators: name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Quadri, Ryan
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: Illingworth, Garth D.
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Rudnick, Gregory
name: Tal, Tomer
name: Wake, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the growth of massive galaxies from z=2 to the present using data from the NEWFIRM Medium Band Survey. The sample is selected at a constant number density of n=2x10^-4 Mpc^-3, so that galaxies at different epochs can be compared in a meaningful way. We show that the stellar mass of galaxies at this number density has increased by a factor of ~2 since z=2, following the relation log(M)=11.45-0.15z. In order to determine at what physical radii this mass growth occurred we construct very deep stacked rest-frame R-band images at redshifts z=0.6, 1.1, 1.6, and 2.0. These image stacks of typically 70-80 galaxies enable us to characterize the stellar distribution to surface brightness limits of ~28.5 mag/arcsec^2. We find that massive galaxies gradually built up their outer regions over the past 10 Gyr. The mass within a radius of r=5 kpc is nearly constant with redshift whereas the mass at 5-75 kpc has increased by a factor of ~4 since z=2. Parameterizing the surface brightness profiles we find that the effective radius and Sersic n parameter evolve as r_e~(1+z)^-1.3 and n~(1+z)^-1.0 respectively. The data demonstrate that massive galaxies have grown mostly inside-out, assembling their extended stellar halos around compact, dense cores with possibly exponential radial density distributions. Comparing the observed mass evolution to the average star formation rates of the galaxies we find that the growth is likely dominated by mergers, as in-situ star formation can only account for ~20% of the mass build-up from z=2 to z=0. The main uncertainties in this study are possible redshift-dependent systematic errors in the total stellar masses and the conversion from light-weighted to mass-weighted radial profiles.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 26 pages, 13 figures in main text
Biotech Patent Eligibility
Creators: name: Kim, Eugene
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The practical effect of the Supreme Court’s decisions in Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc. and Alice Corporation Pty. v. CLS Bank International has been to deny patent eligibility to innovative patent applications and patents, particularly in the fields of biotechnology and computer software. On July 5, 2016, the Federal Circuit in Rapid Litigation Management Ltd. v. CellzDirect, Inc. ruled that the claimed methods of cryopreserving hepatocyte cells are patent eligible under 35 U.S.C. § 101 because they are not directed to a natural phenomenon. The patentees discovered that some cells in a hepatocyte pool could survive multiple freeze-thaw cycles. The claims recite a method of producing a preparation of hepatocytes that can be frozen and thawed at least twice. The method steps include freezing and thawing a sample of hepatocytes, performing density fractionation to separate viable and non-viable cells, recovering the viable hepatocytes, and refreezing the recovered hepatocytes.The Federal Circuit decided that, although dependent on a natural phenomenon, the inventors’ claims were a patent eligible application of their natural discovery. As a result, the court may have opened up a new avenue for patent seekers to circumvent the restrictive eligibility requirements established by the Supreme Court. This Note provides a brief history of patent eligibility doctrine and the cases leading up to the decision in CellzDirect. It next analyzes the CellzDirect decision and its possible interpretations. Finally, it argues that this case represents an effort by the Federal Circuit to limit the Supreme Court’s extreme anti-patent position in Mayo and Alice by cabining the eligibility restrictions to diagnostic discoveries.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 3
Self-bound vortex lattice in a rapidly rotating quantum droplet
Creators: name: Gu, Qi
name: Cui, Xiaoling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rapidly rotating Bose gas in the quantum Hall limit is usually associated with a melted vortex lattice. In this work, we report a self-bound and visible triangular vortex lattice without melting for a two-dimensional Bose-Bose droplet rotating in the quantum Hall limit, i.e., with rotation frequency $Ω$ approaching the trapping frequency $ω$. Increasing $Ω$ with respect to interaction strength $U$, we find a smooth crossover of the vortex lattice droplet from a needling regime, as featured by small vortex cores and an equilibrium flat-top surface, to the lowest-Landau-level regime with Gaussian-extended cores spreading over the whole surface. The surface density of such a rotating droplet is higher than that of a static one, and their ratio is found to be a universal function of $Ω/U$. We have demonstrated these results by both numerical and variational methods. The results pave the way for future experimental exploration of rapidly rotating ultracold droplets into the quantum Hall limit.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
A prozódiailag jelölt fókusz azonosításának elsajátítása
Creators: name: Surányi, Balázs
name: Pintér, Lilla
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: The goal of the present study is to explore whether and how the development of the comprehension of prosodic focus-marking may be aﬀected by the variation found in the marking of focus across diﬀerent languages. We investigate focus-identiﬁcation in Hungarian, a language that not only has prosodic focus-marking, but mandatorily uses syntactic focus-marking as well. In pursuit of comparability, the experiment this paper reports on employed a task that was recently applied by Szendrői et al. (2018) in a study of English, German, and French pre-school children. Our hypothesis was that the systematic syntactic marking of focus in Hungarian diminishes the disambiguating role of prosodic marking for the child. Therefore we expected that in sentences in which syntactic focus-marking fails to unambiguously identify the focus, the comprehension of prosodic focus-marking will be delayed in comparison to the languages investigated in Szendrői et al., in which syntactic focus-marking is at best only an option. This prediction was borne out by our data: at age four Hungarian children give congruent responses to sentences containing non-default narrow (subject) focus roughly half as often as their English, German and French peers, who already exhibit adult-like performance at this age. By contrast, Hungarian children reach the adult-like level only at age seven. Thus, the paper makes a strong case that, similarly to the acquisition of the production of prosodic focus-marking, the developmental trajectory of the comprehension of prosodic focus-marking is also robustly aﬀected by the cross-linguistic variation found in the marking of focus.
Progressive Era Conceptions of the Corporation and the Failure of the Federal Chartering Movement
Creators: name: Hutchison, Camden
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: Despite the economic integration of the several states and the broad regulatory authority of the federal government, the internal affairs of business corporations remain primarily governed by state law. The origins of this system are closely tied to the decentralized history of the United States, but the reasons for its continued persistence—in the face of significant federalization pressures—are not obvious. Indeed, federalization of corporate law was a major political goal during the Progressive Era, a period which witnessed significant expansion of federal involvement in the national economy. By examining the historical record of Progressive Era policy debates, this Article bridges the analytical gap between historical and corporate legal scholarship, bringing to light the specific reasons why a federal corporation law was never enacted. Drawing on primary source evidence, the conclusions of this Article are as follows. First, proponents of federal chartering were deeply divided in their attitudes toward corporations, some viewing them as a dangerous threat, others viewing them as central to economic progress. These divisions led to conflicting views on the very purpose of corporate regulation, making agreement on the content of a federal corporation act unlikely. Second, notwithstanding these divisions, many reformers viewed corporations as directly accountable to the public interest. Legislative proposals were therefore framed in terms of benefiting the public, and only secondarily addressed the shareholder interests that dominate corporate law today. Finally, it was the conflicted nature of the political support for federal chartering legislation—not any specific policy preference for maintaining corporate law federalism—that led to the persistence of state-based corporate law. Ultimately, the absence of federal corporate law was a product of historical circumstance, rather than any conscious determination of legal or economic policy.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 3
Polar representations of compact groups and convex hulls of their orbits
Creators: name: Gichev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C40, 20F55

description: The paper contains a characterization of compact groups $G\subseteq\GL(V)$, where $V$ is a finite dimensional real vector space, which have the following property \SP{}: the family of convex hulls of $G$-orbits is a semigroup with respect to the Minkowski addition. If $G$ is finite, then \SP{} holds if and only if $G$ is a Coxeter group; if $G$ is connected then \SP{} is true if and only if $G$ is polar. In general, $G$ satisfies \SP{} if and only if it is polar and its Weyl group is a Coxeter group.
Sarwat : a rule-based intrusion detection system for self-driving laboratories
Creators: name: Wattoo, Zainab Saeed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: A self-driving laboratory is a cyber-physical system that uses software-controlled laboratory equipment, such as robot arms and smart devices, to permit autonomous experimentation. Intelligent systems in these laboratories can independently conduct experiments, analyze results, and identify a subsequent experiment to run. However, self-driving laboratories are vulnerable to security attacks due to their dependence on networked communication. Further, a naive researcher could make human errors while prototyping new experiments. Both an attacker or a naive researcher could potentially create dangerous situations that pose risks to the safety and security of self-driving laboratories. For instance, they could make a robot arm crash into expensive equipment or launch dangerous experiments. We present Sarwat, a rule-based intrusion detection system (IDS) for self-driving laboratories, designed to prevent unsafe behavior. Sarwat uses a set of rules for defining the actions that are allowed in a self-driving laboratory. If an action inside the laboratory violates any of the rules, Sarwat raises an alarm. Sarwat achieves an overall detection rate of 75%, making it effective for most of the unsafe scenarios we identified. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the user-friendliness of Sarwat and found that the initial setup of Sarwat in a self-driving laboratory requires our assistance. However, once configured, it is easy to maintain, making it valuable for training new users and prototyping new experiments. Additionally, Sarwat introduces minimal latency overhead of 1.5% to the ongoing experiment workflows of a self-driving laboratory. Therefore, Sarwat allows researchers in a self-driving laboratory to perform experiments safely and securely.
Drag force on an oscillating object in quantum turbulence
Creators: name: Fujiyama, Shoji
name: Tsubota, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports results of the computation of the drag force exerted on an oscillating object in quantum turbulence in superfluid $^4$He. The drag force is calculated on the basis of numerical simulations of quantum turbulent flow about the object. The drag force is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the oscillation velocity, which is similar to that in classical turbulence at high Reynolds number. The drag coefficient is also calculated, and its value is found to be of the same order as that observed in previous experiments. The correspondence between quantum and classical turbulences is further clarified by examining the turbulence created by oscillating objects.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Brother, Can You Spare a Dollar? Designing an Effective Framework for Foreign Currency Liquidity Assistance
Creators: name: Awrey, Dan
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The core principles of financial crisis management call upon central banks to lend freely, against good quality collateral, and at a penalty rate of interest, to solvent but illiquid banks and other financial institutions during periods of widespread panic and instability. While often taken for granted, these principles were designed for a world in which central banks have the capacity to create money denominated in the same currency as the one in which domestic banks and other financial institutions issue deposits and other short-term liabilities. Unfortunately, this is not the world in which we live. The application of these principles is far from straightforward in a world where financial institutions rely on short-term foreign currency liabilities as a source of financing. This is the world of the Eurodollar market. The global financial crisis vividly illustrated the potential systemic risks arising from the existence of a large Eurodollar market. Faced with a systemic foreign currency liquidity crisis, central banks struggled to secure access to the foreign currency reserves needed to provide emergency liquidity assistance to their domestic banking systems. In response, the U.S. Federal Reserve and other major central banks established a network of swap lines designed to provide foreign currency liquidity assistance to the international financial system. The central bank swap lines have been hailed as one of the most important and effective policy responses to the financial crisis. However, while it may be tempting to view them as an effective prophylactic against future foreign currency liquidity crises, the current structure of the swap lines fails to establish truly credible international commitments or constrain the moral hazard problems stemming from this ambitious state sponsored liquidity insurance. This Article examines the unique policy challenges posed by foreign currency liquidity problems, along with how to build a more effective framework for the provision of foreign currency liquidity assistance.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 3
The Wyoming Survey for H-alpha. III. H-alpha Luminosity Functions at z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40
Creators: name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Barlow, Rebecca J.
name: Cohen, Seth A.
name: Cook, David O.
name: Johnson, L. Clifton
name: Kattner, ShiAnne M.
name: Moore, Carolynn A.
name: Schuster, Micah D.
name: Staudaher, Shawn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wyoming Survey for H-alpha, or WySH, is a large-area, ground-based imaging survey for H-alpha-emitting galaxies at redshifts of z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40. The survey spans up to four square degrees in a set of fields of low Galactic cirrus emission, using twin narrowband filters at each epoch for improved stellar continuum subtraction. H-alpha luminosity functions are presented for each Delta(z) ~ 0.02 epoch based on a total of nearly 1200 galaxies. These data clearly show an evolution with lookback time in the volume-averaged cosmic star formation rate. Integrals of Schechter fits to the incompleteness- and extinction-corrected H-alpha luminosity functions indicate star formation rates per co-moving volume of 0.010, 0.013, 0.020, 0.022 h_70 M_sun yr^{-1} Mpc^{-3} at z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40, respectively. Statistical and systematic measurement uncertainties combined are on the order of 25% while the effects of cosmic variance are at the 20% level. The bulk of this evolution is driven by changes in the characteristic luminosity L_* of the H-alpha luminosity functions, with L_* for the earlier two epochs being a factor of two larger than L_* at the latter two epochs; it is more difficult with this data set to decipher systematic evolutionary differences in the luminosity function amplitude and faint-end slope. Coupling these results with a comprehensive compilation of results from the literature on emission line surveys, the evolution in the cosmic star formation rate density over 0 < z < 1.5 is measured to be rho_dot_SFR(z) = rho_dot_SFR(0) (1+z)^{3.4+/-0.4}.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
The Harmonic Measure of Diffusion-Limited Aggregates including Rare Events
Creators: name: Adams, D. A.
name: Sander, L. M.
name: Somfai, E.
name: Ziff, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the harmonic measure of diffusion-limited aggregate (DLA) clusters using a biased random-walk sampling technique which allows us to measure probabilities of random walkers hitting sections of clusters with unprecedented accuracy; our results include probabilities as small as 10^(-80). We find the multifractal D(q) spectrum including regions of small and negative q. Our algorithm allows us to obtain the harmonic measure for clusters more than an order of magnitude larger than those achieved using the method of iterative conformal maps, which is the previous best method. We find a phase transition in the singularity spectrum f(alpha) at alpha approximately equal to 14 and also find a minimum q of D(q), q_{min} = 0.9 plus or minus 0.05.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
A néma szünetek sajátosságai az életkor és a beszédtípus függvényében
Creators: name: Gyarmathy, Dorottya
Publisher: name: Nyelvtudományi Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH)
Year: 2020

description: Speech is occasionally interrupted by silent pauses of various length. Pauses serve various functions in speech, like breathing, grammatical function, marking syntactic boundaries, providing time for speech planning processes, for self-repair and for perception as well. The realization of pauses depends on various factors, e.g. the speaker’s age, the length and the complexity of the utterance or the speech style. Researches revealed connection between the speech situation and the pauses. The more complex a speech task was – the greater cognitive eﬀort it required – the longer and more frequent the pauses became. Pause in a conversation has also various functions: it plays an important role in turn-taking system, can be connected with pragmatic or social meanings or with cognitive reasons. Furthermore, conversations can have pauses for thinking or for dramatic eﬀect, the speaker can use them to highlight new information, and they can also be used to structure the discourse. The aim of the study is to analyze the occurrence and duration of silent pauses in two age groups according to their position in conversations. Our hypotheses were that (i) silent pauses realize with diﬀerent patterns according to age groups; (ii) the duration of silent pauses is determined by their position. 20 conversations and narratives from two age groups (20-35 years old and 40-55 years old) were selected from the Hungarian Spontaneous Speech Database, BEA. Three speakers participated in each conversation; the interviewer and one speaker were colleagues, the third participant was the subject. Silent pauses were categorized based on the system developed by Gyarmathy Horváth (2018). Results showed that the strategies of pausing are determined by its functions, the speech type and the speakers’ age and individual characteristics. Pauses occurred in a grammatically justiﬁed position in a greater ratio without breaking the unity of the utterance.
Weak Microlensing
Creators: name: Coles, Jonathan
name: Saha, Prasenjit
name: Schmid, Hans Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nearby star having a near-transit of a galaxy will cause a time-dependent weak lensing of the galaxy. Because the effect is small, we refer to this as weak microlensing. This could provide a useful method to weigh low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. We examine the feasibility of measuring masses in this way and we find that a star causes measurable weak microlensing in a galaxy even at 10 Einstein radii away. Of order one magnitude I < 25 galaxy comes close enough to one or other of the ~100 nearest stars per year.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (4 pages, 5 figures, 1 table)
FCNC Processes in the LHT Model: a 2009 Look
Creators: name: Tarantino, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a summary of our recent analysis update of flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) processes in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT). The essential novelties of our update are: the removal of the logarithmic UV cutoff dependence by the inclusion of the new contribution to the Z^0-penguin diagrams identified by Goto et al. and by del Aguila et al., the study of the decay K_L -> mu^+ mu^-, a discussion of fine-tuning in epsilon_K and Br(mu -> e gamma).
description: 3 pages, Proceedings of the 2009 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, July 2009, Krakow
Carbon isotope fractionation in protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Woods, Paul M.
name: Willacy, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the gas-phase and grain-surface chemistry in the inner 30 AU of a typical protoplanetary disk using a new model which calculates the gas temperature by solving the gas heating and cooling balance and which has an improved treatment of the UV radiation field. We discuss inner-disk chemistry in general, obtaining excellent agreement with recent observations which have probed the material in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks. We also apply our model to study the isotopic fractionation of carbon. Results show that the fractionation ratio, 12C/13C, of the system varies with radius and height in the disk. Different behaviour is seen in the fractionation of different species. We compare our results with 12C/13C ratios in the Solar System comets, and find a stark contrast, indicative of reprocessing.
description: 50 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Description of survey dataset and code: The SCREENS study
Creators: name: Pedersen, Jesper
name: Rasmussen, Martin Gillies Banke
name: Olesen, Line Grønholt
name: Klakk, Heidi
name: Kristensen, Peter Lund
name: Grøntved, Anders
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: child
screen media use
screen time
descriptive study
observational study
cross sectional study

description: Metadataset and pdf-document describing the dataset
 "surveymetadata.dta"
 "descriptionsurveydata.pdf" Do-file used for statistiscal analyses in STATA IC 16.
 "code_survey_analyses.do"
A Reilly formula and eigenvalue estimates for differential forms
Creators: name: Raulot, Simon
name: Savo, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50, 58J32, 53C24

description: We derive a Reilly-type formula for differential p-forms on a compact manifold with boundary and apply it to give a sharp lower bound of the spectrum of the Hodge Laplacian acting on differential forms of an embedded hypersurface of a Riemannian manifold. The equality case of our inequality gives rise to a number of rigidity results, when the geometry of the boundary has special properties and the domain is non-negatively curved. Finally we also obtain, as a by-product of our calculations, an upper bound of the first eigenvalue of the Hodge Laplacian when the ambient manifold supports non-trivial parallel forms.
description: 22 pages
title: Transplante Hepático en el Perú: El Desafio Pendiente de la Equidad
title: LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN PERU: THE PENDING CHALLENGE OF EQUITY
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Mayorga Marquez, Rosario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: liver-kidney
subject: Liver Transplantation

description: El trasplante hepático en el Perú ha avanzado desde el primer procedimiento exitoso en 1998, pero aún enfrenta grandes desafíos como la escasez de donantes, la falta de centros especializados y los altos costos. A pesar de la baja tasa de donación en el país, iniciativas recientes como la promulgación de la Ley N.º 31756 y la acreditación de nuevos hospitales ofrecen esperanza, aunque sigue siendo necesario mejorar el acceso a este tratamiento, especialmente para quienes están cubiertos por el Seguro Integral de Salud (SIS).
The Sharing Economy Meets The Sherman Act
Creators: name: Anderson, Mark
name: Huffman, Max
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2018

description: The sharing economy is a new industrial structure that is made possible by instantaneous internet communication and changes in the life, work, and purchasing habits of individual entrepreneurs and consumers. Antitrust law is an economic regulatory scheme dating back to 1890 in the United States that is designed to address centrally controlled concentrations of economic power and the threats that those concentrations pose to consumer interests and economic efficiency. In order to accommodate a modern enterprise structure in which thousands or millions of independent contractors join forces to provide a service by agreement among themselves, antitrust law requires re-envisioning and careful application. The success of Uber, Airbnb, and other sharing economy firms, and the consumer benefits that those firms promise, show both how difficult and how important that re-envisioning can be.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2017 No. 3