cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic differences in use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana: Is there a cross-over from adolescence to adulthood?
Creators: name: Keyes, Katherine M.
name: Vo, Thomas
name: Wall, Melanie M.
name: Caeteno, Raul
name: Suglia, Shakira F.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Galea, Sandro
name: Hasin, Deborah S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Marijuana
Tobacco
Health and race
Youth--Alcohol use
Youth--Drug use
Youth--Tobacco use

description: Black adolescents in the US are less likely to use alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco compared with non-Hispanic Whites, but little is known about the consistency of these racial/ethnic differences in substance use across the lifecourse. Understanding lifecourse patterning of substance use is critical to inform prevention and intervention efforts. Data were drawn from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; Wave 1 (mean age = 16): N = 14,101; Wave 4 (mean age = 29): N = 11,365). Outcomes included alcohol (including at-risk drinking, defined as 5+/4+ drinks per drinking occasion or 14+/7+ drinks per week on average for men and women, respectively), cigarette, and marijuana use in 30-day/past-year. Random effects models stratified by gender tested differences-in-differences for wave by race interactions, controlling for age, parents' highest education/income, public assistance, and urbanicity. Results indicate that for alcohol, Whites were more likely to use alcohol and engage in at-risk alcohol use at all waves. By mean age 29.9, for example, White men were 2.1 times as likely to engage in at-risk alcohol use (95% C.I. 1.48–2.94). For cigarettes, Whites were more likely to use cigarettes and smoked more at Waves 1 through 3; there were no differences by Wave 4 for men and a diminished difference for women, and difference-in-difference models indicated evidence of convergence. For marijuana, there were no racial/ethnic differences in use for men at any wave. For women, by Wave 4 there was convergence in marijuana use and a cross-over in frequency of use among users, with Black women using more than White women. In summary, no convergence or cross-over for racial/ethnic differences through early adulthood in alcohol use; convergence for cigarette as well as marijuana use. Lifecourse patterns of health disparities secondary to heavy substance use by race and ethnicity may be, at least in part, due to age-related variation in cigarette and marijuana use.
SN 2009kn - the twin of the Type IIn supernova 1994W
Creators: name: Kankare, E.
name: Ergon, M.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Spyromilio, J.
name: Mattila, S.
name: Chugai, N. N.
name: Lundqvist, P.
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Botticella, M. -T.
name: Cumming, R. J.
name: Fransson, C.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Leloudas, G.
name: Miluzio, M.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Stritzinger, M.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Valenti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an optical and near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic study of supernova (SN) 2009kn spanning ~1.5 yr from the discovery. The optical spectra are dominated by the narrow (full width at half-maximum ~1000 km s^-1) Balmer lines distinctive of a Type IIn SN with P Cygni profiles. Contrarily, the photometric evolution resembles more that of a Type IIP SN with a large drop in luminosity at the end of the plateau phase. These characteristics are similar to those of SN 1994W, whose nature has been explained with two different models with different approaches. The well-sampled data set on SN 2009kn offers the possibility to test these models, in the case of both SN 2009kn and SN 1994W. We associate the narrow P Cygni lines with a swept-up shell composed of circumstellar matter and SN ejecta. The broad emission line wings, seen during the plateau phase, arise from internal electron scattering in this shell. The slope of the light curve after the post-plateau drop is fairly consistent with that expected from the radioactive decay of 56Co, suggesting an SN origin for SN 2009kn. Assuming radioactivity to be the main source powering the light curve of SN 2009kn in the tail phase, we infer an upper limit for 56Ni mass of 0.023 M_sun. This is significantly higher than that estimated for SN 1994W, which also showed a much steeper decline of the light curve after the post-plateau drop. We also observe late-time near-infrared emission which most likely arises from newly formed dust produced by SN 2009kn. As with SN 1994W, no broad lines are observed in the spectra of SN 2009kn, not even in the late-time tail phase.
description: 21 pages, 19 figures. Minor changes in text and figures from v1. Published in MNRAS
Factors Controlling Rain on Small Tropical Islands: Diurnal Cycle, Large-Scale Wind Speed, and Topography
Creators: name: Wang, Shuguang
name: Sobel, Adam H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Precipitation variability
Convection (Meteorology)
Tropical meteorology
Environmental sciences
Atmospheric physics

description: A set of idealized cloud-permitting simulations is performed to explore the influence of small islands on precipitating convection as a function of large-scale wind speed. The islands are situated in a long narrow ocean domain that is in radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) as a whole, constraining the domain-average precipitation. The island occupies a small part of the domain, so that significant precipitation variations over the island can occur, compensated by smaller variations over the larger surrounding oceanic area. While the prevailing wind speeds vary over flat islands, three distinct flow regimes occur. Rainfall is greatly enhanced, and a local symmetric circulation is formed in the time mean around the island, when the prevailing large-scale wind speed is small. The rainfall enhancement over the island is much reduced when the wind speed is increased to a moderate value. This difference is characterized by a change in the mechanisms by which convection is forced. A thermally forced sea breeze due to surface heating dominates when the large-scale wind is weak. Mechanically forced convection, on the other hand, is favored when the large-scale wind is moderately strong, and horizontal advection of temperature reduces the land–sea thermal contrast that drives the sea breeze. Further increases of the prevailing wind speed lead to strong asymmetry between the windward and leeward sides of the island, owing to gravity waves that result from the land–sea contrast in surface roughness as well as upward deflection of the horizontal flow by elevated diurnal heating. Small-amplitude topography (up to 800-m elevation is considered) has a quantitative impact but does not qualitatively alter the flow regimes or their dependence on wind speed.
Alfred Kolb, 1878-1958
Creators: name: Zollinger-Wells, W.
name: Weiss, Gustav
Publisher: name: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
Year: 1959
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Winterthur
subject: Nachruf
subject: Kolb, Alfred
subject: Gündelhart-Hörhausen

description: Inhalt: Abdankung gehalten von Pfr. W. Zollinger-Wells im Krematorium Winterthur, am 5. August 1958 ; Ansprache von Kunstmaler Gustav Weiss, Rüdlingen, gehalten an der Eröffnung der Gedächtnisausstellung Alfred Kolb im Kunstmuseum Winterthur, 16. August 1959
Main Street Presbyterian Church
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photography
Photographs
Photographers
East Hampton
Churches
Main Street

description: This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) of the Presbyterian Church on Main Street. The view of the photo is fromn the left side of the building.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Date of photo is estimated by the possible timeframe of work on the East Hampton Heritage Project.
A preliminary protocol for prescribing upper limb prostheses
Creators: name: Bhuanantanondh, Petcharatana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Selecting an appropriate prosthesis is a complex process. To the best of our knowledge, to date there is no standard prescription protocol for upper limb prostheses. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to propose a prescription protocol for upper limb prostheses. To understand more about the properties of the prosthetic terminal device; frictional properties of the contact surfaces between terminal devices and the grasped object, and the effect of loading rates on the frictional properties of the terminal devices were evaluated. The results showed that metal is better gripped by the body-powered hook than by the myoelectric hand; whereas plastic and wood are better gripped by the myoelectric hand than by the body-powered hook. In addition, as loading rate increases, the friction coefficient decreases. With regard to the prescription protocol for upper limb prostheses, this study proposed a prescription protocol that not only contains comprehensive information, but also proposed a scoring system to assist in selecting an appropriate prosthesis. The scoring system was developed by factorial survey approach. Five factors affecting the type of upper limb prosthetic device were selected for vignette constructions. Twenty upper limb prosthetic experts were involved in this study. Each participant was asked to rate 20 vignettes regarding the appropriateness in selecting a myoelectric prosthesis for an individual with upper limb amputation. The findings from the factorial survey analysis suggested that “work condition” is the most critical factor that influences the judgments of the upper limb prosthetic experts in making the selection of prosthetic devices for both trans-radial and trans-humeral amputation. The proposed scoring system was also evaluated for its effectiveness. The study suggests that the proposed scoring system may be improved as a tool to assist in the selection of an appropriate prosthetic device. In conclusion, this study suggested that the frictional coefficients of the terminal devices and the grasped objects are dependent on the material and the loading rate. “Work condition” is a key factor in selecting an appropriate prosthesis for the upper limb amputee, and a systematic evaluation of an amputee’s condition is useful in selecting an appropriate prosthetic device.
The Solar and Wind Economy in Ohio: Industry Analysis and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Smith, Colton
name: Driver, David
name: Michaud, Gilbert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sustainable development
Energy industries
Renewable energy sources--Government policy
Solar energy
Wind power

description: After historically being driven by coal and, in more recent years, natural gas, Ohio’s energy industry has experienced notable growth in installed solar and wind capacity. Due to changes in consumer tastes and preferences, an overall decline in expenses, and environmental concerns about coal mining and hydraulic fracturing, among others, both public and industry support for renewables has grown. However, Ohio’s renewable energy policies have not consistently aligned with this support. This paper synthesizes reports and analyzes energy industry employment and capacity data in order to summarize the trends within Ohio’s present-day energy industry. After a brief surge, wind activity has stagnated, in part due to expansion of the turbine property line setbacks law. Wind employment has also been relatively erratic, seeing spikes and rapid declines that average to a growth of 13.6% per year from 2013–2016. Conversely, solar energy capacity has grown a bit more steadily due to fewer regulatory restrictions as well as supportive state net metering policies. Correspondingly, solar employment has grown more consistently at a rate of 11.3% per year during our study years. This paper highlights these trends, discusses policy implications moving forward, and makes recommendations for Ohio to stimulate the deployment of additional renewable energy capacity in future years. To accomplish this task, and to enhance sustainable development via renewable energy, we suggest that Ohio ease its wind setbacks and continues to protect the state’s renewable portfolio standard and net metering laws.
Unprecedented climate events: Historical changes, aspirational targets, and national commitments
Creators: name: Diffenbaugh, Noah S.
name: Singh, Deepti
name: Mankin, Justin S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Climatology
Environmental sciences
Natural disasters
Climatic changes--International cooperation

description: The United Nations Paris Agreement creates a specific need to compare consequences of cumulative emissions for pledged national commitments and aspirational targets of 1.5° to 2°C global warming. We find that humans have already increased the probability of historically unprecedented hot, warm, wet, and dry extremes, including over 50 to 90% of North America, Europe, and East Asia. Emissions consistent with national commitments are likely to cause substantial and widespread additional increases, including more than fivefold for warmest night over ~50% of Europe and >25% of East Asia and more than threefold for wettest days over >35% of North America, Europe, and East Asia. In contrast, meeting aspirational targets to keep global warming below 2°C reduces the area experiencing more than threefold increases to <10% of most regions studied. However, large areas—including >90% of North America, Europe, East Asia, and much of the tropics—still exhibit sizable increases in the probability of record-setting hot, wet, and/or dry events.
The role of drug use sequencing pattern in further problematic use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs
Creators: name: Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Garcia De Oliveira, Lúcio
name: Andrade, Arthur G.
name: Nicastri, Sérgio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Tobacco use
Cannabis
Substance abuse
Substance abuse--Epidemiology

description: Background: There has been considerable debate regarding what typically occurs after experimentation with drugs throughout the life of young people who used various drugs.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical importance of the most common sequence for the first use of a drug by two models (the “gateway model” and the “alternative model”, which is the most popular sequence for Brazilian university students according to a previous study) regarding the problematic use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other illegal drugs, assessed by ASSIST.

Method: People who had already experimented with three or more drugs across different stages of the two models were selected from a representative sample of university students from 27 Brazilian capitals (n = 12 711).

Findings: There were no differences regarding the problematic use of the most consumed drugs in Brazil (alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) between the models. Multiple drug seekers and violators had more problematic use of illegal drugs other than cannabis than individuals in the model sequence. However, in the case of violators, this was only evident in the alternative model.

Conclusions: Multiple drug seekers and violators deserve special attention due to their increased risk of problematic use of other illegal drugs.
The effect of nitrogen, water and alley management strategies on nitrate and water loss from the root zone in perennial red raspberry.
Creators: name: Kuchta, Shawn Hermanus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Groundwater nitrate (NO₃⁻) contamination is a growing, global concern. The Abbotsford Aquifer is vulnerable to NO₃⁻ contamination with its high NO₃⁻ levels, in large part, linked to intensive agriculture, including the production of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). This study examined the impacts of nitrogen (N), water and alley management strategies in red raspberry production on NO₃⁻ and water loss from the root zone using passive capillary wick samplers (PCAPS) during the establishment year and the first cropping year. Irrigation regime had a significant impact on root zone losses, particularly in the second year, when, under fixed duration irrigation, more than 50% of total annual NO₃⁻ losses occurred during the growing season. Irrigation scheduled according to plant water demand achieved ~50% water savings, maintained adequate soil moisture and retained N in the root zone as plant available. This retention of N did not increase plant N uptake and high NO₃⁻ losses in response to the onset of fall rains indicated that the N-fertilizer rate of 100 kg N ha⁻¹ was in excess of plant requirements. In the mineral fertilizer plots, the recommended post-harvest soil test for NO₃⁻ did not measure levels that indicated environmental risk, likely due to growing season leaching not accounted for by this test. The experiment was also influenced by N contributions in the irrigation water, which in fixed duration irrigation, were up to 55 kg N ha⁻¹. The use of manure resulted in greater drainage losses, nitrate losses, residual soil NO₃⁻ and flow-weighted nitrate concentration than mineral fertilizer plots, indicating elevated environmental risk. These effects were compounded by annual manure re-applications. Annual and perennial cover crops grown in the alleys significantly reduced nitrate leaching losses compared to alleys managed by tillage. Delivery of N by a daily fertigation strategy may better match raspberry plant N uptake than two broadcast applications. Overall, plant response to treatments was limited, suggesting that N supplied by soil, water and deposition (together, ecosystem N supply) was meeting plant N requirements and that the alternative management strategies explored are viable options to improve efficiencies in raspberry production while reducing environmental impacts.
Prevalence of depression morbidity among Brazilian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Silva, Marcus T.
name: Galvao, Tais F.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Pereira, Mauricio G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Depression, Mental
Mental health
Psychiatry
Mortality

description: Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder, as assessed in population-based cross-sectional studies of Brazilian adults.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review of the literature. The major databases were searched up through October 2013. Two researchers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed their methodological quality. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects.

Results:

Of the 2,971 records retrieved, we selected 27 studies that assessed the prevalence of depression morbidity in 464,734 individuals (66% women). Eleven different screening tools were used to assess depression morbidity. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 14% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 13-16; I2 = 99.5%), whereas the 1-year prevalence of major depressive disorder was 8% (95%CI 7-10; I2 = 86.7%), and the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder was 17% (95%CI 14-19; I2 = 91.6%). All rates were higher in women than in men. No causes of heterogeneity could be identified.

Conclusion:

Depression morbidity was common among Brazilian adults, and affects more women than men. Inconsistencies across studies highlight the need for standardization of future research. Clinicians should routinely investigate for the presence of depression morbidity in this population.
title: What would be the economic and behavioural consequences of altered recreational eel
Creators: name: Dorow, M.
name: Arlinghaus, R.
name: Beardmore, B.
name: Haider, W.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.In response to the current eel (Anguilla Anguilla L.) decline in Europe, the European Union (EU) has implemented a Pan-European eel recovery action plan. Accordingly, each member state is expected to develop an eel recovery management plan. Beside other possible management options also more restrictive recreational eel fishing regulations are discussed. Predicting eel angler’s preferences for potential management actions, the associated economic impacts and behavioural changes are important steps in the management development process. Because eel angling is a non tradeable product we send out a mail survey with a discrete choice task to avid eel anglers (N=378) fishing in northern Germany to estimate regulation preferences and economic welfare changes in response to modified restrictions. Anglers preferred slightly up to moderately stricter regulations like the increase of the size limit and reduction of the bag limit. In contrast, anglers strongly disliked regulations which would limit their access to the resource (seasonal closure, rod limit). From the economic perspective, the implementation of some simple tools such as moderately increased minimum size limits or slightly reduced bag limit would increase the economic welfare, whereas highly restrictive regulations would result in a considerable welfare losses (several million €/year). Furthermore, highly restrictive regulations would not lead to a clear eel angling effort reduction because eel anglers react inelastic in their behavioural response to stricter eel angling regulation. Consequently, managers must be aware that the level of angling regulation strictness result in different economic effects which must be considered for finding balanced management measures.
Programming Language Vulnerability Detection and Interpretability with Language Models
Creators: name: Silveira, Leonardo
name: Marcondes, Cesar Augusto Cavalheiro
name: Verri, Filipe Alves Neto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Deep Learning
Transformers
Vulnerability Detection
Interpretability

description: The probing of software by security testers to detect possible vulnerabilities is of primary importance to prevent attackers from exploiting these flaws, which can, besides other things, compromise the application and permit access to sensitive data. Traditionally, these security testers are static, dynamic and symbolic analyzers. These tools, in general, present a compromise between precision and complexity. A recent alternative to these methods is the use of machine learning models, which can avoid this tradeoff altogether, rendering precise predictions with acceptable complexity. Recently, many models have been proposed in the literature, drawing much inspiration by the recent advances in the field of Natural Language Processing. Despite this recent exploration of machine learning methods, there is little study in the realm of interpreting these models' output, with the goal of achieving not only the classification of whether a snippet of code is vulnerable or not, but to be capable of pointing in the code where the model believes the vulnerability is located. In this work, we fine-tuned two state-of-the-art large pre-trained language models, CodeBERT and CoTexT, for the task of vulnerability detection in programming language code, and evaluated the ability of these models to render interpretation of their output. For this, we curated a benchmark dataset composed of a collection of vulnerable code and their respective ground-truth masks, locating exactly where the vulnerability is present. We generated the heatmaps with the importance of each input token to the final prediction using the two best performing interpretability methods for text classification in the Natural Language Processing literature: Saliency and InputXGradient. We found that both methods give similar precision results, but InputXGradient heatmaps are considerably easier to interpret. Comparing the language models, CodeBERT presents a slightly inferior classification accuracy compared with CoTexT, but contrastively, the former can give considerably better interpretation results for its decision. Additionally, we highlight the effect the tokenizers have on the models' ability to generate interpretation of their predictions, showing that the tokenizer characteristics can strongly affect the model's abilities to learn the syntactic and semantic structure of the language.
Ergodicity breaking in a model showing many-body localization
Creators: name: De Luca, Andrea
name: Scardicchio, Antonello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the breaking of ergodicity measured in terms of return probability in the evolution of a quantum state of a spin chain. In the non ergodic phase a quantum state evolves in a much smaller fraction of the Hilbert space than would be allowed by the conservation of extensive observables. By the anomalous scaling of the participation ratios with system size we are led to consider the distribution of the wave function coefficients, a standard observable in modern studies of Anderson localization. We finally present a criterion for the identification of the ergodicity breaking (many-body localization) transition based on these distributions which is quite robust and well suited for numerical investigations of a broad class of problems.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, final version
Coral reef structural complexity provides important coastal protection from waves under rising sea levels
Creators: name: Harris, Daniel L.
name: Rovere, Alessio
name: Casella, Elisa
name: Power, Hannah
name: Canavesio, Remy
name: Collin, Antoine
name: Pomeroy, Andrew
name: Webster, Jody M.
name: Parravicini, Valeriano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Geomorphology
Coral reefs and islands
Sea level
Shore protection
Ocean waves--Mathematical models

description: Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support millions of people worldwide by providing coastal protection from waves. Climate change and human impacts are leading to degraded coral reefs and to rising sea levels, posing concerns for the protection of tropical coastal regions in the near future. We use a wave dissipation model calibrated with empirical wave data to calculate the future increase of back-reef wave height. We show that, in the near future, the structural complexity of coral reefs is more important than sea-level rise in determining the coastal protection provided by coral reefs from average waves. We also show that a significant increase in average wave heights could occur at present sea level if there is sustained degradation of benthic structural complexity. Our results highlight that maintaining the structural complexity of coral reefs is key to ensure coastal protection on tropical coastlines in the future.
The boundary state for a class of analytic solutions in open string field theory
Creators: name: Takahashi, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a boundary state for a class of analytic solutions in the Witten's open string field theory. The result is consistent with the property of the zero limit of a propagator's length, which was claimed in [19]. And we show that our boundary state becomes expected one for the perturbative vacuum solution and the tachyon vacuum solution. We also comment on possible presence of multi-brane solutions and ghost brane solutions from our boundary state.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Substance-use coping and self-rated health among US middle-aged and older adults
Creators: name: Mauro, Pia M.
name: Canham, Sarah L.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Spira, Adam P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Substance abuse
Substance abuse--Epidemiology
Older people--Drug use
Tobacco use
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
Drinking of alcoholic beverages

description: The prevalence of alcohol, drug, and tobacco use among US middle-aged and older adults is increasing. A subset of this population uses substances to cope with stress, but the characteristics of these individuals, and the association between substance-use coping and health outcomes remain unclear. We identified correlates of substance-use coping and measured its association with self-rated health in a community-based sample of adults aged 54–99 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In the 2008 HRS, 1351 participants reported their frequency of prescription/other drug-, alcohol-, and cigarette-use coping with stress and reported self-rated health (excellent/very good, good, or fair/poor); 1201 of these participants also reported self-rated health in 2010. One in six participants frequently used substances to cope. The oldest participants were least likely to engage in frequent alcohol-use coping. Those with elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to frequently engage in cigarette- and prescription/other drug-use coping. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, participants who frequently used cigarettes (compared to participants who infrequently used cigarettes) to cope had 2.7 times (95% CI = 1.1–6.7) the odds of poor (vs. excellent) self-rated health. Relative to participants who infrequently used prescription/other drugs to cope, participants who frequently used prescription/other drugs to cope had 2.4 times (95% CI = 1.1–5.1) the odds of reporting poor self-rated health. The association between prescription/other drug-use coping in 2008 and self-rated health in 2010 was statistically significant (relative OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.7–7.2). Participants engaging in substance-use coping likely have particular demographic and clinical characteristics. Interventions to reduce substance-use coping may prevent adverse health outcomes.
Higher-order Mechanics: Variational Principles and other topics
Creators: name: Prieto-Martínez, Pedro D.
name: Román-Roy, Narciso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35A15, 37B55, 70H50

description: After reviewing the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism (i.e, the Skinner-Rusk formalism) for higher-order (non-autonomous) dynamical systems, we state a unified geometrical version of the Variational Principles which allows us to derive the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian equations for these kinds of systems. Then, the standard Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of these principles and the corresponding dynamical equations are recovered from this unified framework.
description: New version of the paper "Variational principles for higher-order dynamical systems", which was presented in the "III Iberoamerican Meeting on Geometry, Mechanics and Control" (Salamanca, 2012). The title is changed. A detailed review is added. Sections containing results about variational principles are enlarged with additional comments, diagrams and summarizing results. Bibliography is updated
title: Modelling fishing exploitation with individual-level socio-economic information in the Tasmanian rock lobster fishery
Creators: name: Hamon, K.
name: Little, L.R.
name: Thébaud, O.
name: Frusher, S.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The current goals for natural resource management of marine ecosystems require substantial change. The response of economic operators to modified management regulations is a major issue, especially for limited access fisheries. The joint analysis of fleet and biological responses, by dynamic models, is an expanding research field as a result of its possible contribution to evaluation of management procedures. The Tasmanian rock lobster fishery has undergone major changes in the allocation of fishing rights since being placed under an individual transferable quotas (ITQ) system in 1998. The implementation of this system has led to modifications of fishing strategies, oriented toward the search for higher first-sale prices by new seasonal and spatial patterns of fishing effort allocation. These changes have also been influenced by the market, mainly determined by international trade. As a case study, a bio-economic evaluation of the effects caused by introducing access rights to fish stocks in the coastal area of the Tasmanian rock lobster fishery is being modelled. Although the evolution of fishing effort allocation of the rock lobster fleet corresponds to the expected impacts of an ITQ system, the individual heterogeneity in spatial and seasonal effort allocation among fishers is hidden when working at the fleet level. An agent-based modelling approach is used to capture the individual behaviour of fishers operating in the Tasmanian rock lobster fishery, with operators maximizing their utility depending on socio-economic factors.
Let’s prioritise self-care for the benefit of everyone
Creators: name: Dancza, Karina Michelle
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: Self-care can make us better at our jobs, support our students more effectively and help to build a better community across academia. Karina Dancza offers her tips on how to implement self-care in your professional life.
Towards A Circular Energy Economy: Cross-Sector Successes in Brazil and India
Creators: name: Brown, Hillary
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sustainable development
Renewable energy sources
Solar energy
Infrastructure (Economics)--Management
Energy conservation--Government policy

description: A new paradigm for energy production is one that emulates the closed-loop circular systems of natural ecosystems. At once holistic, economical, and equitable, energy production based upon reciprocities with other sectors (e.g. telecommunications, water, sanitation, and waste management) can leverage synergies and provide multiple co-benefits. With avoidance of fossil fuels, less pollution, and reduced throughput of matter and energy, such a circular energy economy offers a model for critical electricity provision for the next 2 billion people in emerging economies—both those moving to cities and particularly those who remain in rural poverty. Three exemplary cases, one in India and two in Brazil, reveal the efficacy of renewable power created through cooperative, cross-sector initiatives that also yield economic and social benefits. The first, methane recovery in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, illustrates the potential for closed-loop use of an otherwise wasted energy source in rapidly urbanizing settlements. In the second case, Omnigrid Micropower Company leveraged affordable electricity for some of India’s poorest rural citizens by combining the electricity demand from the telecommunications sector to support the economical construction of small- to mid-size solar power plants. Lastly, Brazil and Paraguay’s Itaipu Binacional, developer of the world’s largest generator of renewable power, addressed the pollution of its reservoir from agricultural waste by establishing a rural waste-to-energy program that electrified 2,200 households. Moving beyond conventional, mono-sectoral approaches to energy delivery, these alternative, circular strategies for power production are solving energy poverty. As blended, multi-functional systems, they have also fostered job creation, allowing for economic growth while suppressing carbon emissions.
The role of first use of inhalants within sequencing pattern of first use of drugs among Brazilian university students.
Creators: name: Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Garcia De Oliveira, Lúcio
name: Andrade, Arthur G.
name: Nicastri, Sérgio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Brazilian students
College students--Drug use
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
Inhalant abuse

description: The present study investigated the role of first use of inhalants within a first drug sequencing pattern. In a representative sample of university students from 27 Brazilian capitals (n = 12,711), we analyzed the patterns of transition from/to first use of inhalants to/from the first use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, ecstasy, amphetamines, prescription opioids, and tranquilizers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze data. Drugs that were not specified as the pair of drugs tested in each model were included as time-varying covariates in all models. In this sample, first use of inhalants was preceded only by the first use of alcohol and tobacco. However, first use of inhalants preceded first use of cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, and tranquilizers. First use of inhalants preceded the first use of prescription opioids, and vice versa. This study highlights the need to intervene early with youths who are at risk of or just beginning to use inhalants, because this class of drugs seems to be the first illegal drug in Brazil to be experimented by respondents in our sample. There is also a call for attention to individuals who have already first used inhalants because of their higher chance to experiment with other drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, and prescription drugs. All these findings show an in-transition culture of drug use, which should be tracked through time, because some classical models (i.e., gateway model) might be outdated and might also not fit within different settings.
Mulford Farm, Arial View
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photography
Photographs
Photographers
East Hampton
Mulford Family
Houses

description: This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) of Mulford Farm. The view of the photo is from above and shows the front right of the house.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Date of photo is estimated by the possible timeframe of work on the East Hampton Heritage Project.
Miller Dayton House
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photography
Photographs
Photographers
East Hampton
Houses

description: This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) of the Miller Dayton House. The view of the house in the photo is from the street.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Date of photo is estimated by the possible timeframe of work on the East Hampton Heritage Project.
Cigarette smoking and drug use among a nationally representative sample of HIV-positive individuals
Creators: name: Pacek, Lauren R.
name: Harrell, Paul T.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology
Smoking
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
HIV-positive persons

description: Background and Objectives: Among HIV-positive populations, the prevalence of cigarette smoking remains disproportionately high and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Little is known about this topic among HIV-positive persons in the general population. Methods: Data came from the 2005 to 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public use data files. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses explored the associations between socio-demographic, drug and alcohol use, and drug and/or alcohol treatment characteristics with smoking status among HIV-positive individuals (n = 349). Results: More than 40% of the sample was current smokers. In adjusted analyses, females (aRRR = .11, 95% CI = .03–.41) and participants who had never been married (aRRR = .19, 95% CI = .05–.58), were more likely to be former smokers than never smokers. Females (aRRR = .37, 95% CI = .14–.96) and individuals older than age 35 (aRRR = .37, 95% CI = .16–.89) were less likely to be current smokers than never smokers. Conversely, previously married persons (aRRR = 5.72, 95% CI = 1.40–23.31), participants reporting binge drinking (aRRR = 5.96, 95% CI = 2.27–15.64), and lifetime drug or alcohol treatment (aRRR = 5.12, 95% CI = 2.09–12.55) were more likely to be current smokers than never smokers. Conclusions: Findings help confirm the high prevalence of smoking among HIV-positive persons suggesting the need for integrated substance use and smoking cessation treatment among HIV-positives. Scientific Significance: The present findings have implications for the development and implementation of targeted smoking cessation programs for HIV-positive smokers.
Computational topology for configuration spaces of hard disks
Creators: name: Carlsson, Gunnar
name: Gorham, Jackson
name: Kahle, Matthew
name: Mason, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the topology of configuration spaces of hard disks experimentally, and show that several changes in the topology can already be observed with a small number of particles. The results illustrate a theorem of Baryshnikov, Bubenik, and Kahle that critical points correspond to configurations of disks with balanced mechanical stresses, and suggest conjectures about the asymptotic topology as the number of disks tends to infinity.
description: version 3: 16 pages, 11 figures; made minor changes requested by journal --- changed some color figures to black and white, and reordered bibliography to appear in order of citation rather than alphabetical order
An Ichor-dependent apical extracellular matrix regulates seamless tube shape and integrity
Creators: name: Rosa, Jeffrey B.
name: Metzstein, Mark M.
name: Ghabrial, Amin S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cytology
subject: Extracellular matrix
subject: Cell interaction

description: During sprouting angiogenesis in the vertebrate vascular system, and primary branching in the Drosophila tracheal system, specialized tip cells direct branch outgrowth and network formation. When tip cells lumenize, they form subcellular (seamless) tubes. How these seamless tubes are made, shaped and maintained remains poorly understood. Here we characterize a Drosophila mutant called ichor (ich), and show that ich is essential for the integrity and shape of seamless tubes in tracheal terminal cells. We find that Ich regulates seamless tubulogenesis via its role in promoting the formation of a mature apical extracellular matrix (aECM) lining the lumen of the seamless tubes. We determined that ich encodes a zinc finger protein (CG11966) that acts, as a transcriptional activator required for the expression of multiple aECM factors, including a novel membrane-anchored trypsin protease (CG8213). Thus, the integrity and shape of seamless tubes are regulated by the aECM that lines their lumens.
Projet de Fin d'Études : Traces GPS et cartographie de la structure et du fonctionnement d'un réseau de transport
Creators: name: CHEVRIER Camille
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster de présentation du Projet de Fin d'Etudes " Traces GPS et cartographie de la structure
 et du fonctionnement d’un réseau de transport " à Polytech Tours
Note Illustrative della Carta geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000, F. 279 Urbino
Creators: name: Capuano, N.
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2009

description: Note illustrative redatte per il Foglio geologico n. 279 Urbino della Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000. 114 pp.
INGLIZ TILINI O'QITISHNING ZAMONAVIY USULLARIDAN FOYDALANISH
Creators: name: Sotvoldiyeva, Muattarxon
name: Turdiboyev, Eldorbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ingliz tilini o'qitishda zamonaviy texnikalardan foydalanish ushbu maqolada ko'rib chiqilgan. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarga chet tillarini o'qitishning asosiy maqsadi nutq va so'z boyligini yaxshilashdan tashqari, ularga foydali ingliz tili ko'nikmalarini egallashga yordam berishdir.
Time-Varying Priority Queuing Models for Human Dynamics
Creators: name: Jo, Hang-Hyun
name: Pan, Raj Kumar
name: Kaski, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Queuing models provide insight into the temporal inhomogeneity of human dynamics, characterized by the broad distribution of waiting times of individuals performing tasks. We study the queuing model of an agent trying to execute a task of interest, the priority of which may vary with time due to the agent's "state of mind." However, its execution is disrupted by other tasks of random priorities. By considering the priority of the task of interest either decreasing or increasing algebraically in time, we analytically obtain and numerically confirm the bimodal and unimodal waiting time distributions with power-law decaying tails, respectively. These results are also compared to the updating time distribution of papers in the arXiv.org and the processing time distribution of papers in Physical Review journals. Our analysis helps to understand human task execution in a more realistic scenario.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Megacity pumping and preferential flow threaten groundwater quality
Creators: name: Khan, Mahfuzur R.
name: Koneshloo, Mohammad
name: Knappett, Peter
name: Ahmed, Kazi Matin
name: Bostick, Benjamin C.
name: Mailloux, Brian J.
name: Mozumder, Rajib Hassan
name: Zahid, Anwar
name: Harvey, Charles F.
name: Van Geen, Alexander
name: Michael, Holly A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Groundwater--Management
Groundwater--Pollution
Municipal water supply
Aquifers

description: Many of the world’s megacities depend on groundwater from geologically complex aquifers that are over-exploited and threatened by contamination. Here, using the example of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we illustrate how interactions between aquifer heterogeneity and groundwater exploitation jeopardize groundwater resources regionally. Groundwater pumping in Dhaka has caused large-scale drawdown that extends into outlying areas where arsenic-contaminated shallow groundwater is pervasive and has potential to migrate downward. We evaluate the vulnerability of deep, low-arsenic groundwater with groundwater models that incorporate geostatistical simulations of aquifer heterogeneity. Simulations show that preferential flow through stratigraphy typical of fluvio-deltaic aquifers could contaminate deep (>150 m) groundwater within a decade, nearly a century faster than predicted through homogeneous models calibrated to the same data. The most critical fast flowpaths cannot be predicted by simplified models or identified by standard measurements. Such complex vulnerability beyond city limits could become a limiting factor for megacity groundwater supplies in aquifers worldwide.