cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finite size dependence of scaling functions of the three-dimensional O(4) model in an external field
Creators: name: Engels, J.
name: Karsch, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate universal finite size scaling functions for the order parameter and the longitudinal susceptibility of the three-dimensional O(4) model. The phase transition of this model is supposed to be in the same universality class as the chiral transition of two-flavor QCD. The scaling functions serve as a testing device for QCD simulations on small lattices, where, for example, pseudocritical temperatures are difficult to determine. In addition, we have improved the infinite volume limit parametrization of the scaling functions by using newly generated high statistics data for the 3d O(4) model in the high temperature region on an L=120 lattice.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 9 eps-files, Latex2e, typos corrected, extended discussion of corrections to scaling, updated references, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D 89
QSPR models to predict the physical hazards of mixtures: a state of art
Creators: name: Fayet, G.
name: Rotureau, P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Physical hazards of chemical mixtures, associated for example with their fire or explosion risks, are generally characterized using experimental tools. These tests can be expensive, complex, long to perform and even dangerous for operators. Therefore, for several years and especially with the implementation of the REACH regulation, predictive methods like quantitative structure-property relationships have been encouraged as alternatives tests to determine (eco)toxicological but also physical hazards of chemical substances. Initially, these approaches were intended for pure products, by considering a molecular similarity principle. However, additional to those for pure products, QSPR models for mixtures recently appeared and represent an increasing field of research. This study proposes a state of the art of existing QSPR models specifically dedicated to the prediction of the physical hazards of mixtures. Identified models have been analysed on the key elements of model development (experimental data and fields of application, descriptors used, development and validation methods). It draws up an overview of the potential and limitations of current models as well as areas of progress towards enlarged deployment as a complement to experimental characterizations, for example in the search for safer substances (according to safety-by-design concepts).
Large Field Inflation and Double $α$-Attractors
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Linde, Andrei
name: Roest, Diederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a broad class of inflationary models that arise naturally in supergravity. They are defined in terms of a parameter $α$ that determines the curvature and cutoff of these models. As a function of this parameter, we exhibit that the inflationary predictions generically interpolate between two attractor points. At small cutoff $α$, the resulting inflationary model is of plateau-type with $n_s = 1 - 2 / N$ and $r = 12 α/ N^2$. For $α= 1$, these predictions coincide with predictions of the Starobinsky model and Higgs inflation. In contrast, for large cutoff $α$, the theory asymptotes to quadratic inflation, with $n_s = 1 - 2 / N$, $r = 8 / N$. Both universal predictions can be attributed to a stretching of the moduli space. For intermediate values of $α$, the predictions interpolate between these two critical points, thus covering the sweet spots of both Planck and BICEP2.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures; v2: ref added
Additional file 1 of Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient in predicting pathological T stage in patients with thymic epithelial tumor
Creators: name: Chang, Chao-Chun
name: Lin, Chia-Ying
name: Huang, Li-Ting
name: Chuang, Ming-Tsung
name: Lu, Ying-Hung
name: Huang, Wei-Li
name: Chen, Ying-Yuan
name: Lai, Wu-Wei
name: Tseng, Yau-Lin
name: Yen, Yi-Ting
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. MRI acquisition parameters.
H2020 692819 SIMPATICO - D2.2: Advanced Version of Text and Workflow Adaptation
Creators: name: Specia, Lucia
name: Scarton, Carolina
name: Paetzold, Gustavo Henrique
name: Tonelli, Sara
name: Trainotti, Michele
name: Kazhamiakin, Raman
name: Vincezo Savarino
name: Wanton, Tamara Martín
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Waiting for approval.
Weak perturbations of the p-Laplacian
Creators: name: Ekholm, Tomas
name: Frank, Rupert L.
name: Kovarik, Hynek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the p-Laplacian in R^d perturbed by a weakly coupled potential. We calculate the asymptotic expansions of the lowest eigenvalue of such an operator in the weak coupling limit separately for p>d and p=d and discuss the connection with Sobolev interpolation inequalities.
description: 20 pages
Slice-by-slice deep learning aided oropharyngeal cancer segmentation with adaptive thresholding for spatial uncertainty on FDG PET and CT images
Creators: name: De Biase, Alessia
name: Sijtsema, Nanna Maria
name: van Dijk, Lisanne
name: Langendijk, Johannes A.
name: van Ooijen, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tumor segmentation is a fundamental step for radiotherapy treatment planning. To define an accurate segmentation of the primary tumor (GTVp) of oropharyngeal cancer patients (OPC), simultaneous assessment of different image modalities is needed, and each image volume is explored slice-by-slice from different orientations. Moreover, the manual fixed boundary of segmentation neglects the spatial uncertainty known to occur in tumor delineation. This study proposes a novel automatic deep learning (DL) model to assist radiation oncologists in a slice-by-slice adaptive GTVp segmentation on registered FDG PET/CT images. We included 138 OPC patients treated with (chemo)radiation in our institute. Our DL framework exploits both inter and intra-slice context. Sequences of 3 consecutive 2D slices of concatenated FDG PET/CT images and GTVp contours were used as input. A 3-fold cross validation was performed three times, training on sequences extracted from the Axial (A), Sagittal (S), and Coronal (C) plane of 113 patients. Since consecutive sequences in a volume contain overlapping slices, each slice resulted in three outcome predictions that were averaged. In the A, S, and C planes, the output shows areas with different probabilities of predicting the tumor. The performance of the models was assessed on 25 patients at different probability thresholds using the mean Dice Score Coefficient (DSC). Predictions were the closest to the ground truth at a probability threshold of 0.9 (DSC of 0.70 in the A, 0.77 in the S, and 0.80 in the C plane). The promising results of the proposed DL model show that the probability maps on registered FDG PET/CT images could guide radiation oncologists in a slice-by-slice adaptive GTVp segmentation.
DIGITAL APPROACHES  TO THE RECONSTITUTION AND CURATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: A CASE STUDY.
Creators: name: Moreira, Carlos
name: Malcherek, Anne
name: Vassallo, Steffi
name: Alves Cardoso, Francisca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Poster presented at the  - 4º ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGADORES DO IN2PAST - 1 e 2 de fevereiro de 2024 | NOVA FCSH, Av. de Berna, 26 C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Torre B
Historical contingency and entrenchment in protein evolution under purifying selection
Creators: name: Shah, Premal
name: McCandlish, David M.
name: Plotkin, Joshua B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The fitness contribution of an allele at one genetic site may depend on alleles at other sites, a phenomenon known as epistasis. Epistasis can profoundly influence the process of evolution in populations under selection, and can shape the course of protein evolution across divergent species. Whereas epistasis between adaptive substitutions has been the subject of extensive study, relatively little is known about epistasis under purifying selection. Here we use mechanistic models of thermodynamic stability in a ligand-binding protein to explore the structure of epistatic interactions between substitutions that fix in protein sequences under purifying selection. We find that the selection coefficients of mutations that are nearly-neutral when they fix are highly contingent on the presence of preceding mutations. Conversely, mutations that are nearly-neutral when they fix are subsequently entrenched due to epistasis with later substitutions. Our evolutionary model includes insertions and deletions, as well as point mutations, and so it allows us to quantify epistasis within each of these classes of mutations, and also to study the evolution of protein length. We find that protein length remains largely constant over time, because indels are more deleterious than point mutations. Our results imply that, even under purifying selection, protein sequence evolution is highly contingent on history and so it cannot be predicted by the phenotypic effects of mutations assayed in the wild-type sequence.
description: 42 pages, 13 figures
Vortex/anti-vortex pair creation in black hole thermodynamics
Creators: name: Ahmed, Moaathe Belhaj
name: Kubiznak, David
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An isolated critical point is a peculiar thermodynamic critical point that occurs in the phase diagram of hyperbolic black holes in Kth-order Lovelock gravity in higher dimensions (with K odd) for special tuned Lovelock coupling constants. It corresponds to a "merger" of two swallowtails and is characterized by non-standard critical exponents. Upon employing a recent proposal for assigning a topological charge to thermodynamic critical points, we argue that the isolated critical point offers an interpretation corresponding to the onset of a topological phase transition of a "vortex/anti-vortex pair".
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Searching for Coleman-de Luccia bubbles in AdS compactifications
Creators: name: Dibitetto, Giuseppe
name: Petri, Nicolò
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coleman-de Luccia transitions are spontaneous processes of nucleation of bubbles within metastable gravitational vacua including in their interior a true stable vacuum. From the perspective of lower-dimensional gauged supergravities obtained by truncating Type II and M-theory, these instantonic processes are represented by smooth domain walls featured by de Sitter foliations. These geometries must connect two different AdS vacua in such a way that the wall is defined by an interior and an exterior. We propose a first-order formulation for such radial flows and present two fully backreacted examples of gravitational instantons obtained through this technique, beyond the thin-wall approximation. In the first we consider minimal 7d supergravity describing the truncation of M-theory over a squashed 4-sphere and admitting two AdS$_7$ vacua, one supersymmetric and the other not. Secondly we apply the same strategy to 6d Romans supergravity obtained with consistent truncation of massive IIA supergravity. Also in this case we derive a dS domain wall interpolating between the Brandhuber-Oz vacuum and the non-supersymmetric AdS$_6$ vacuum of the theory.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, 1 appendix. v2: Added references
Tuning Spectral Properties of Individual and Multiple Quantum Emitters in Noisy Environments
Creators: name: Fotso, Herbert F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum emitter in a dynamic environment may have its energy levels drift uncontrollably in time with the fluctuating bath. This can result in an emission/absorption spectrum that is spread over a broad range of frequencies and presents a challenging hurdle for various applications. We consider a quantum emitter in an environment that alters the energy levels so that the emission frequency is represented by a Gaussian random distribution around a given mean value with given standard deviation and correlation time. We study the emission spectrum of this system when it is placed under the influence of a periodic sequence of finite width $π$ pulses. We show that this external field protocol can effectively overcome spectral diffusion in this system by refocusing the bulk of the emission spectrum onto the pulse carrier frequency. We further consider two such emitters in different noisy environments and find that the two-photon interference operation can be made efficient by the sequence of finite width pulses applied on both systems. Finally, we show that an ensemble of nominally similar emitters, each with its different environment, and thus randomly shifted emission frequency, can have its overall emission spectrum that would otherwise be inhomogeneously broadened according to the random distribution, refocused onto a lineshape with a well-defined central peak that has the linewidth of an individual isolated non-noisy emitter. These results demonstrate for this specific model of noisy environments, the protection of spectral properties by an external control protocol here represented by a periodic sequence of finite width pulses.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Parameter estimation via indefinite causal structures
Creators: name: Procopio, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Fisher information is the principal tool used to give the ultimate precision bound on the estimation of parameters for quantum channels. In this work, we present analytical expressions for the quantum Fisher information with three noisy channels for the case where the channels are in superposition of causal orders. We found that the quantum Fisher information increases as the number of causal orders increases for certain combinations. We also show that certain combinations of causal orders attain higher precision on bounds than others for the same number of causal orders. Based on our results, we chose the best combinations of causal orders with three channels for probing schemes using indefinite causal structures
description: To be appeared on proceedings of Quantum Fest 2021
New information on photon fragmentation functions
Creators: name: Klasen, M.
name: König, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal photons radiated in heavy-ion collisions represent an important signal for a recently discovered new state of matter, the deconfined quark-gluon plasma. However, a clean identification of this signal requires precise knowledge of the prompt photons produced simultaneously in hard collisions of quarks and gluons, mostly through their fragmentation. In this paper, we demonstrate that PHENIX data on photons produced in proton-proton collisions with low transverse momenta allow to extract new information on this fragmentation process. While existing data do not yet convincingly favor one parameterization (BFG II) over the two other frequently used photon fragmentation functions (BFG I and GRV NLO), the data sets recorded by PHENIX and STAR at BNL RHIC in 2013 with tenfold higher statistics should allow for such an analysis.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Evidence of the disorder-independent electron-phonon scattering time in thin NbN films
Creators: name: Lomakin, A. I.
name: Baeva, E. M.
name: Triznova, A. D.
name: Titova, N. A.
name: Zolotov, P. I.
name: Semenov, A. V.
name: Sunegin, D. E.
name: Lubenchenko, A. V.
name: Kolbatova, A. I.
name: Goltsman, G. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on experimental study of the effect of disorder on electronic parameters and inelastic scattering mechanisms in ultrathin superconducting NbN films, which are commonly used in single-photon detectors. An increase in disorder in the studied 2.5 nm thick NbN films characterized by Ioffe-Regel parameter from 6.3 to 1.6 is accompanied by a decrease in the critical temperature $T_c$ from 11.5 K to 3.4 K. By measuring magnetoconductance in the range from $T_c$ to $\sim3T_c$, we extract the inelastic scattering rates of electrons, including electron-phonon (e-ph) scattering rates $τ_{e-ph}^{-1}$. We observe that $τ_{e-ph}^{-1}$ and their temperature dependencies are insensitive to disorder that is not described by the existing models of the e-ph scattering in disordered metals and can be due to the presence of weakly disordered metal grains. As the temperature decreases the temperature dependence $τ_{e-ph}^{-1}$ changes from $T^3$ to $T^2$, which can be result of a decrease in the dimension of the phonons involved in the e-ph scattering. The obtained values of material parameters of ultrathin NbN films can be useful for optimization of performance of NbN-based electronic devices.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Ferdinand Regelsberger und Eduard Hölder
Creators: name: Hitzig, Hermann Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1911
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Regelsberger, Ferdinand
subject: Hölder, Eduard
subject: Göttingen
subject: Erlangen

description: Separat-Abdruck aus der Schweizerischen Juristen-Zeitung, 7. Jahrgang 1910/11, Heft 23
Трудовая миграция украинцев в оценках украинской власти и международных организаций
Creators: name: Сергеевич, Шевченко Александр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Украина
трудовая миграция
новости
внутренне перемещенные лица
война и оккупация
МВФ
Global Economy Watch
Международная Организация Труда
Ukraine
labor migration
news
internally displaced persons
war and occupation
IMF
International Labor Organization

description: На русском: [Шевченко А.С. Трудовая миграция украинцев в оценках украинской власти и международных организаций // Вестник Харьковского Регионального Института Проблем Общественного Здравоохранения, 1(87). – Украина, Харьков: ХРИПОЗ, 2019. - С. 5-7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2538616] Ключевые слова: Украина, трудовая миграция, новости, внутренне перемещенные лица, война и оккупация, МВФ, Global Economy Watch, Международная Организация Труда. In English: [Shevchenko Alexander S. (2019) Labor migration of Ukrainians in the estimates of the Ukrainian government and international organizations (rus.) / Bulletin of the Kharkov Regional Institute of Public Health Services, 1(87), pp. 5-7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2538616] Keywords: Ukraine, labor migration, news, internally displaced persons, war and occupation, IMF, Global Economy Watch, International Labor Organization.
description: {"references": ["Shevchenko Valentina V. (2018) The reform of the higher education of Ukraine in the conditions of the military-political crisis / International Journal of Educational Development (ISSN 0738-0593). In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.08.009", "Ukraine : Request for Stand-By Arrangement and Cancellation of Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Ukraine (ISBN/ISSN 9781484392676/1934-7685) / International Monetary Fund. European Dept., January 8, 2019. - 111 \u0440. https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2019/cr1903.ashx", "Jakeman \u041c. Predictions for 2019: Coming off the boil / Global Economy Watch, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/economy/global-economy-watch/assets/pdfs/predictions-2019.pdf", "\u0411\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u041c. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 / \u0424\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441, 20.03.2018. https://focus.ua/economics/393776/"]}
Трудовая миграция украинцев в оценках украинской власти и международных организаций
Creators: name: Сергеевич, Шевченко Александр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Украина
трудовая миграция
новости
внутренне перемещенные лица
война и оккупация
МВФ
Global Economy Watch
Международная Организация Труда

description: [Шевченко А.С. Трудовая миграция украинцев в оценках украинской власти и международных организаций // Вестник Харьковского Регионального Института Проблем Общественного Здравоохранения, 1(87). – Украина, Харьков: ХРИПОЗ, 2019. - С. 5-7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2538616]

Ключевые слова: Украина, трудовая миграция, новости, внутренне перемещенные лица, война и оккупация, МВФ, Global Economy Watch, Международная Организация Труда.
description: {"references": ["Shevchenko Valentina V. (2018) The reform of the higher education of Ukraine in the conditions of the military-political crisis / International Journal of Educational Development (ISSN 0738-0593). In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.08.009", "Ukraine : Request for Stand-By Arrangement and Cancellation of Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Ukraine (ISBN/ISSN 9781484392676/1934-7685) / International Monetary Fund. European Dept., January 8, 2019. - 111 \u0440. https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2019/cr1903.ashx", "Jakeman \u041c. Predictions for 2019: Coming off the boil / Global Economy Watch, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/economy/global-economy-watch/assets/pdfs/predictions-2019.pdf"]}
Strong restriction on inflationary vacua from the local gauge invariance III: Infrared regularity of graviton loops
Creators: name: Tanaka, Takahiro
name: Urakawa, Yuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been claimed that the super Hubble modes of the graviton generated during inflation can make loop corrections diverge. Even if we introduce an infrared (IR) cutoff at a comoving scale as an ad hoc but a practical way for the regularization, we encounter the secular growth, which may lead to the breakdown of perturbative expansion for a sufficiently long lasting inflation. In this paper, we show that the IR pathology concerning the graviton can be attributed to the presence of residual gauge degrees of freedom in the local observable universe as in the case of the adiabatic curvature perturbation. We will show that choosing the Euclidean vacuum as the initial state ensures the invariance under the above-mentioned residual gauge transformations. We will also show that as long as we consider a gauge invariant quantity in the local universe, we encounter neither the IR divergence nor the secular growth. The argument in this paper applies to general single field models of inflation up to a sufficiently high order in perturbation.
description: 34 pages; v2: minor revision, published in PTEP. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1306.4461
What is flat ΛCDM, and may we choose it?
Creators: name: Anselmi, Stefano
name: Carney, Matthew F.
name: Giblin, John T.
name: Kumar, Saurabh
name: Mertens, James B.
name: ODwyer, Marcio
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
name: Tian, Chi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Universe is neither homogeneous nor isotropic, but it is close enough that we can reasonably approximate it as such on suitably large scales. The inflationary-$Λ$-Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$CDM) concordance cosmology builds on these assumptions to describe the origin and evolution of fluctuations. With standard assumptions about stress-energy sources, this system is specified by just seven phenomenological parameters, whose precise relations to underlying fundamental theories are complicated and may depend on details of those fields. Nevertheless, it is common practice to set the parameter that characterizes the spatial curvature, $Ω_K$, exactly to zero. This parameter-fixed $Λ$CDM is awarded distinguished status as separate model, "flat $Λ$CDM.'' Ipso facto this places the onus on proponents of "curved $Λ$CDM'' to present sufficient evidence that $Ω_K\neq0$, and is needed as a parameter. While certain inflationary model Lagrangians, with certain values of their parameters, and certain initial conditions, will lead to a present-day universe well-described as containing zero curvature, this does not justify distinguishing that subset of Lagrangians, parameters and initial conditions into a separate model. Absent any theoretical arguments, we cannot use observations that suggest small $Ω_K$ to enforce $Ω_K=0$. Our track record in picking inflationary models and their parameters a priori makes such a choice dubious, and concerns about tensions in cosmological parameters and large-angle cosmic-microwave-background anomalies strengthens arguments against this choice. We argue that $Ω_K$ must not be set to zero, and that $Λ$CDM remains a phenomenological model with at least 7 parameters.
Mirror as polaron with internal degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
name: Zubkov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the model suggested by Wang and Unruh \cite{WangUnruh2013} for the $1+1$ D mirror moving in the quantum vacuum. We consider the relation of this model to the problem of polaron -- the electron moving in the vacuum of the quantum field of phonons. We introduce the field - theoretical model of such a mirror. It contains the multi - component spinor field interacting with the scalar field. We discuss the source of the logarithmic divergence in the mirror mass and its relation to the problem of the divergencies in vacuum energy.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Quantum Structure of Field Theory and Standard Model Based on Infinity-free Loop Regularization/Renormalization
Creators: name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand better the quantum structure of field theory and standard model in particle physics, it is necessary to investigate carefully the divergence structure in quantum field theories (QFTs) and work out a consistent framework to avoid infinities. The divergence has got us into trouble since developing quantum electrodynamics in 1930s, its treatment via the renormalization scheme is satisfied not by all physicists, like Dirac and Feynman who have made serious criticisms. The renormalization group analysis reveals that QFTs can in general be defined fundamentally with the meaningful energy scale that has some physical significance, which motivates us to develop a new symmetry-preserving and infinity-free regularization scheme called loop regularization (LORE). A simple regularization prescription in LORE is realized based on a manifest postulation that a loop divergence with a power counting dimension larger than or equal to the space-time dimension must vanish. The LORE method is achieved without modifying original theory and leads the divergent Feynman loop integrals well-defined to maintain the divergence structure and meanwhile preserve basic symmetries of original theory. The crucial point in LORE is the presence of two intrinsic energy scales which play the roles of ultraviolet cut-off $M_c$ and infrared cut-off $μ_s$ to avoid infinities. The key concept in LORE is the introduction of irreducible loop integrals (ILIs) on which the regularization prescription acts, which leads to a set of gauge invariance consistency conditions between the regularized tensor-type and scalar-type ILIs. The evaluation of ILIs with ultraviolet-divergence-preserving (UVDP) parametrization naturally leads to Bjorken-Drell's analogy between Feynman diagrams and electric circuits. The LORE method has been shown to be applicable to both underlying and effective QFTs.
description: 53 pages, 14 figures, the article in honor of Freeman Dyson's 90th birthday, minor typos corrected, published version
OpenAlex: A fully-open index of scholarly works, authors, venues, institutions, and concepts
Creators: name: Priem, Jason
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In May 2021, Microsoft announced that it was discontinuing support for Microsoft Academic Graph, a free and widely-used Scientific Knowledge Graph (SKG). This was met with considerable concern, as MAG was viewed as difficult to replace with existing systems. The OpenAlex project was created to address this concern. It launched as a drop-in replacement for MAG contemporaneously with MAG’s retirement on January 1st 2022. Although still in its nascency, as a fully-open (100% open data, open API, open-source code) source of scholarly metadata, OpenAlex has potential to improve the transparency of research evaluation, navigation, representation, and discovery, adding to the growing list of other open and partly-open SKGs such as OpenCitations, AMiner, PID Graph, Open Research Knowledge Graph, Semantic Scholar, and the OpenAIRE research graph.
Hornsea projects 1 and 2 - Design and Optimisation of the Cables for the World Largest Offshore Wind Farms
Creators: name: Abdelouahed Tajer
name: Zouraraki, Maria
name: Kvarts, Thomas
name: Rogvi Østerø
name: Page, Trevor
name: Hjerrild, Jesper
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2020

Abstract
Amplitude Estimation from Quantum Signal Processing
Creators: name: Rall, Patrick
name: Fuller, Bryce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amplitude estimation algorithms are based on Grover's algorithm: alternating reflections about the input state and the desired outcome. But what if we are given the ability to perform arbitrary rotations, instead of just reflections? In this situation, we find that quantum signal processing lets us estimate the amplitude in a more flexible way. We leverage this technique to give improved and simplified algorithms for many amplitude estimation tasks: we perform non-destructive estimation without any assumptions on the amplitude, develop an algorithm with improved performance in practice, present a new method for unbiased amplitude estimation, and finally give a simpler method for trading quantum circuit depth for more repetitions of short circuits.
description: Accepted in Quantum
MPEC 2023-V11 : 2023 VC
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 VC

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Fluctuation Relation for Quantum Heat Engines and Refrigerators
Creators: name: Campisi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the very foundation of the second law of thermodynamics lies the fact that no heat engine operating between two reservoires of temperatures $T_C\leq T_H$ can overperform the ideal Carnot engine: $\langle W \rangle / \langle Q_H \rangle \leq 1-T_C/T_H$. This inequality follows from an exact fluctuation relation involving the nonequilibrium work $W$ and heat exchanged with the hot bath $Q_H$. In a previous work [Sinitsyn N A, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. {\bf 44} (2011) 405001] this fluctuation relation was obtained under the assumption that the heat engine undergoes a stochastic jump process. Here we provide the general quantum derivation, and also extend it to the case of refrigerators, in which case Carnot's statement reads: $\langle Q_C \rangle / |\langle W \rangle| \leq (T_H/T_C-1)^{-1}$.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Wrong signs amended in v2
Comparing directed networks via denoising graphlet distributions
Creators: name: Silva, Miguel E. P.
name: Gaunt, Robert E.
name: Ospina-Forero, Luis
name: Jay, Caroline
name: House, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network comparison is a widely-used tool for analyzing complex systems, with applications in varied domains including comparison of protein interactions or highlighting changes in structure of trade networks. In recent years, a number of network comparison methodologies based on the distribution of graphlets (small connected network subgraphs) have been introduced. In particular, NetEmd has recently achieved state of the art performance in undirected networks. In this work, we propose an extension of NetEmd to directed networks and deal with the significant increase in complexity of graphlet structure in the directed case by denoising through linear projections. Simulation results show that our framework is able to improve on the performance of a simple translation of the undirected NetEmd algorithm to the directed case, especially when networks differ in size and density.
Isomorph theory prediction for the dielectric loss variation along an isochrone
Creators: name: Xiao, Wence
name: Tofteskov, Jon
name: Christensen, Troels V.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
name: Niss, Kristine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper derives a prediction for the variation of the amplitude of the dielectric loss from isomorph theory, and presents an experimental test of the prediction performed by measuring the dielectric-relaxation behavior of the van der Waals liquid 5-phenyl-4-ether (5PPE). The liquid is studied at isochronal states in the temperature range $266-333$ K and pressure range $0.1-300$ MPa, for relaxation times around $10^{-3}$ s and $10^{-4}$ s. From the isomorph statement that there is structural and dynamic invariance of isomorph states in reduced units for Roskilde simple liquids we derive four equivalent isomorph-invariant terms, one of which is used in analyzing our data. It is the frequency-dependent term $χ_{e}(f) ρ^{γ-1}$, with electric susceptibility $χ_{e}$, density $ρ$, and density-scaling factor $γ$. Due to the unique design of our experimental setup, we obtain dielectric loss data where the amplitude is reproducible $\pm 0.1 \%$. We moreover find that the empty capacitance of the capacitor cell is stable within $\pm 0.3 \%$ in our measuring range and can be assumed to be constant. Using this we predict for two isomorph states there is $-C_{2}"(f)= -C_{1}"(f) \left(ρ_1 / ρ_2 \right)^{γ-1}$ to scale the negative imaginary capacitance, where $C_{1}$ is the capacitance measurement at ambient pressure and $C_{2}$ is the predicted capacitance at elevated pressure. We visually compare the predicted and measured plots and there is good match between the two plots among the 42 pairs of isochronal states from the measurement.
MPEC 2023-V12 : 2023 VD
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 VD

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Two scenarios for quantum multifractality breakdown
Creators: name: Dubertrand, R.
name: García-Mata, I.
name: Georgeot, B.
name: Giraud, O.
name: Lemarié, G.
name: Martin, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expose two scenarios for the breakdown of quantum multifractality under the effect of perturbations. In the first scenario, multifractality survives below a certain scale of the quantum fluctuations. In the other one, the fluctuations of the wave functions are changed at every scale and each multifractal dimension smoothly goes to the ergodic value. We use as generic examples a one-dimensional dynamical system and the three-dimensional Anderson model at the metal-insulator transition. Based on our results, we conjecture that the sensitivity of quantum multifractality to perturbation is universal in the sense that it follows one of these two scenarios depending on the perturbation. We also discuss the experimental implications.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, minor modifications, published version
A Grassmann Path From AdS_3 to Flat Space
Creators: name: Krishnan, Chethan
name: Raju, Avinash
name: Roy, Shubho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that interpreting the inverse AdS_3 radius 1/l as a Grassmann variable results in a formal map from gravity in AdS_3 to gravity in flat space. The underlying reason for this is the fact that ISO(2,1) is the Inonu-Wigner contraction of SO(2,2). We show how this works for the Chern-Simons actions, demonstrate how the general (Banados) solution in AdS_3 maps to the general flat space solution, and how the Killing vectors, charges and the Virasoro algebra in the Brown-Henneaux case map to the corresponding quantities in the BMS_3 case. Our results straightforwardly generalize to the higher spin case: the recently constructed flat space higher spin theories emerge automatically in this approach from their AdS counterparts. We conclude with a discussion of singularity resolution in the BMS gauge as an application.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure; v2: many refs added, minor changes, v3: typos fixed, one more ref added, JHEP version
Layer Zero-Line Modes in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Liang, Wenhao
name: Hou, Tao
name: Zeng, Junjie
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Han, Yulei
name: Qiao, Zhenhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the magnetic domain walls have been experimentally observed in antiferromagnetic topological insulators MnBi$_2$Te$_4$, where we find that the topological zero-line modes (ZLMs) appear along the domain walls. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that these ZLMs are layer-dependent in MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ multilayers. For domain walls with out-of-plane ferromagnetism, we find that ZLMs are equally distributed in the odd-number layers. When domain walls possess in-plane magnetization, the ZLMs can also exist in even-number layers due to in-plane mirror-symmetry breaking. Moreover, the conductive channels are mainly distributed in the outermost layers with increasing layer thickness. Our findings lay out a strategy in manipulating ZLMs and also can be utilized to distinguish the corresponding magnetic structures.
Unitarity in three-dimensional flat space higher spin theories
Creators: name: Grumiller, D.
name: Riegler, M.
name: Rosseel, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate generic flat-space higher spin theories in three dimensions and find a no-go result, given certain assumptions that we spell out. Namely, it is only possible to have at most two out of the following three properties: unitarity, flat space, non-trivial higher spin states. Interestingly, unitarity provides an (algebra-dependent) upper bound on the central charge, like c=42 for the Galilean $W_4^{(2-1-1)}$ algebra. We extend this no-go result to rule out unitary "multi-graviton" theories in flat space. We also provide an example circumventing the no-go result: Vasiliev-type flat space higher spin theory based on hs(1) can be unitary and simultaneously allow for non-trivial higher-spin states in the dual field theory.
description: 34 pp, v2: added two paragraphs in section 5.3 + minor changes
Cooling flow regime of a plasma thermal quench
Creators: name: Zhang, Yanzeng
name: Li, Jun
name: Tang, Xian-Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large class of Laboratory, Space, and Astrophysical plasmas is nearly collisionless. When a localized energy or particle sink, for example, in the form of a radiative cooling spot or a black hole, is introduced into such a plasma, it can trigger a plasma thermal collapse, also known as a thermal quench in tokamak fusion. Here we show that the electron thermal conduction in such a nearly collisionless plasma follows the convective energy transport scaling in itself or in its spatial gradient, due to the constraint of ambipolar transport. As the result, a robust cooling flow aggregates mass toward the cooling spot and the thermal collapse of the surrounding plasma takes the form of four propagating fronts that originate from the radiative cooling spot, along the magnetic field line in a magnetized plasma. The slowest one, which is responsible for deep cooling, is a shock front.
Developing an NLP-based Recommender System for the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Synthetic Biology
Creators: name: Sepulvado, Brandon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Synthetic biology is an emerging field that involves the engineering and re-design of organisms for purposes such as food security, health, and environmental protection. As such, it poses numerous ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) for researchers and policy makers. Various efforts to ensure socially responsible synthetic biology are underway. Policy making is one regulatory avenue, and other initiatives have sought to embed social scientists and ethicists on synthetic biology projects. However, given the nascency of synthetic biology, the number of heterogeneous domains it spans, and the open nature of many ethical questions, it has proven challenging to establish widespread concrete policies, and including social scientists and ethicists on synthetic biology teams has met with mixed success. This text proposes a different approach, asking instead is it possible to develop a well-performing recommender model based upon natural language processing (NLP) to connect synthetic biologists with information on the ELSI of their specific research? This recommender was developed as part of a larger project building a Synthetic Biology Knowledge System (SBKS) to accelerate discovery and exploration of the synthetic biology design space. Our approach aims to distill for synthetic biologists relevant ethical and social scientific information and embed it into synthetic biology research workflows.
The Non-Commutative Geometry of the Complex Classes of Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Prodan, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Alain Connes' Non-Commutative Geometry program [Connes 1994] has been recently carried out [Prodan, Leung, Bellissard 2013, Prodan, Schulz-Baldes 2014] for the entire A- and AIII-symmetry classes of topological insulators, in the regime of strong disorder where the insulating gap is completely filled with dense localized spectrum. This is a short overview of these results, whose goal is to highlight the methods of Non-Commutative Geometry involved in these studies. The exposition proceeds gradually through the cyclic cohomology, quantized calculus with Fredholm-modules, local formulas for the odd and even Chern characters and index theorems for the odd and even Chern numbers. The characterization of the A- and AIII-symmetry classes in the presence of strong disorder and magnetic fields emerges as a natural application of these tools.
description: Final version
Tunable Dirac points in a two-dimensional non-symmorphic wallpaper group lattice
Creators: name: Herrera, M. A. J.
name: Bercioux, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-symmorphic symmetries protect Dirac nodal lines and cones in lattice systems. Here, we investigate the spectral properties of a two-dimensional lattice belonging to a non-symmorphic group. Specifically, we look at the herringbone lattice, characterised by two sets of glide symmetries applied in two orthogonal directions. We describe the system using a nearest-neighbour tight-binding model containing horizontal and vertical hopping terms. We find two non-equivalent Dirac cones inside the first Brillouin zone along a high-symmetry path. We tune these Dirac cones' positions by breaking the lattice symmetries using onsite potentials. These Dirac cones can merge into a semi-Dirac cone or unfold along a high-symmetry path. Finally, we perturb the system by applying a dimerization of the hopping terms. We report a flow of Dirac cones inside the first Brillouin zone describing quasi-hyperbolic curves. We present an implementation in terms of CO atoms placed on the top of a Cu(111) surface.
description: 12 pages with 9 figures and supplemental material; in press