Rhinolophus bocharicus Kastschenko &amp; Akimov 1917
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus bocharicus

description: 30. Bokhara Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus bocharicus</i> <b>French:</b> Rhinolophe du Boukhara / <b>German:</b> Buchara-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura de Bujarâ <b>Other common names:</b> Central Asian Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus bocharicus</i> Kastschenko &amp; Akimov, 1917, Murgab River, Turkmenistan. <i>Rhinolophus bocharicus</i> is in the <i>ferrumequinum</i> species group based on morphology and genetic evidence and has been variously included as a subspecies of <i>R ferrumequinum</i> or <i>R clivosus.</i> Detailed morphological work concluded that <i>R bocharicus</i> is distinct from both species and that it and <i>R clivosus might</i> have evolved from populations of <i>R ferrumequinum.</i> The name <i>rubiginosus</i> by N. Gubarev in 1941 is included under <i>R ferrumequinum</i> as a synonym instead of a subspecies of <i>R bocharicus. A</i> single specimen attributed to <i>R bocharicus</i> from Iran was <i>actually</i> a misidentifiedjuvenile <i>R ferrumequinum.</i> Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> S Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, W <i>Kyrgyzstan</i>, Turkmenistan, C &amp; W Tajikistan, and N Afghanistan. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> <i>Head-body c</i>. 38-48 mm, tail 22-32 mm, ear 19- 3-24 mm, hindfoot C. 13 mm, forearm 47- 5-53 mm; weight 9-20 g. Dorsal pelage is pale smoky gray-brown, being darker on shoulders (hairs have whitish bases); venter is whitish gray. There is no orange morph. Males lack <i>axillary</i> tufts. Ears are medium in length. Noseleaf has hastate lancet; connecting process is tall and distinctively rounded in side <i>view</i>; sella is narrow, with concave sides and blunt tip; and horseshoe is comparatively narrow at 5-4-7- 3 mm wide and does not completely cover muzzle. Lower lip has three very indistinct grooves. Baculum is very similar to that of the Greater Horseshoe Bat (<i>AE ferrumequinum)</i> but generally lacks strong protuberances on ventral sides <i>of</i> basal cone, and lancet of shaft is generally longer than in the Greater Horseshoe Bat. Skull is robust (zygomatic width is much larger than mastoid width); nasal swellings are <i>underdeveloped</i> anteriorly but well developed posteriorly; sagittal <i>crest</i> is moderately developed, and frontal depression is deep to very deep; and supraorbital crests are low. P2 is tiny and <i>completely</i> displaced labially or <i>occasionally</i> absent, allowing C1 and P4 to come in contact, and P3 is tiny and displaced labially, so P2 and P4 always touch. Dental formula is 11/2, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32 or 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. <b>Habitat.</b> Arid mountain foothills. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. The Bokhara Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> is insectivorous, feeding largely on lepidopterans and occasionally coleopterans and other insects. It forages close to the ground and probably around cluttered with vegetation areas. Breeding. Births of Bokhara Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in June to earlyJuly. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Bokhara Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal, foraging primarily at dusk. There seems to be a migration between winter and summer for some individuals traveling from Central Asia to Afghanistan (north to south). Nevertheless, some individuals remain in the same <i>cave</i> throughout the year in Uzbekistan. Bokhara Horseshoe Bats are known to have day roosts in caves and abandoned mine shafts. <b>Movements, Home range and Social</b> organization. Bokhara Horseshoe Bats roost in colonies <i>of</i> several hundred (up to 600) individuals and rarely in small groups. They have been recorded roosting commonly with <i>Geoffroy’s</i> Myotis <i>(</i> Myotis <i>emarginatus)</i> and <i>occasionally</i> with Greater Horseshoe Bats and Lesser Myotis <i>(Myotis blythii).</i> Female and male Bokhara Horseshoe Bats segregate into maternal and non-matemal colonies during the breeding season. Males move back to form mixed colonies after young can fly and forage on their own. <b>Status and</b> Conservation. Classified as <i>Least</i> Concern on <i>The IUCN Red List.</i> There are no major risks to the Bokhara Horseshoe Bat, but habitat loss and cave destruction and modification might be threats in some regions. <b>Bibliography.</b> <i>Bailey</i> et al. (2016), Benda &amp; Gaisler (2015), Benda, Aulagnier <i>et</i> al. (2008), Benda, Faizolâhi <i>et al.</i> (2012), Benda, Hanâk &amp; Ôervenÿ (2011), Bobrinski <i>étal.</i> (1944), Csorba <i>étal.</i> (2003), Gubarev (1941), Hanâk (1969), Kastschenko &amp; Akimov (1917), <i>Strelkov</i> (1971), Thomas (1997).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 295, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525