cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In vivo epigenetic effects induced by engineered nanomaterials: A case study of copper oxide and laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles
Creators: name: Xiaoyan Lu
name: Miousse, Isabelle R.
name: Pirela, Sandra V.
name: Jodene K. Moore
name: Melnyk, Stepan
name: Koturbash, Igor
name: Demokritou, Philip
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Evidence continues to grow on potential environmental health hazards associated with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). While the geno- and cytotoxic effects of ENMs have been investigated, their potential to target the epigenome remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is two-fold: 1) determining whether or not industry relevant ENMs can affect the epigenome in vivo and 2) validating a recently developed in vitro epigenetic screening platform for inhaled ENMs. Laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles (PEPs) released from nano-enabled toners during consumer use and copper oxide (CuO) were chosen since these particles induced significant epigenetic changes in a recent in vitro companion study. In this study, the epigenetic alterations in lung tissue, alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood from intratracheally instilled mice were evaluated. The methylation of global DNA and transposable elements (TEs), the expression of the DNA methylation machinery and TEs, in addition to general toxicological effects in the lung were assessed. CuO exhibited higher cell-damaging potential to the lung, while PEPs showed a greater ability to target the epigenome. Alterations in the methylation status of global DNA and TEs, and expression of TEs and DNA machinery in mouse lung were observed after exposure to CuO and PEPs. Additionally, epigenetic changes were detected in the peripheral blood after PEPs exposure. Altogether, CuO and PEPs can induce epigenetic alterations in a mouse experimental model, which in turn confirms that the recently developed in vitro epigenetic platform using macrophage and epithelial cell lines can be successfully utilized in the epigenetic screening of ENMs.
Rapid Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Decarboxylation of L-Histidine and Other Amino Acids via Organocatalysis with R-Carvone Under Superheated Conditions
Creators: name: Jackson, Douglas M.
name: Ashley, Robert L.
name: Brownfield, Callan B.
name: Morrison, Daniel R.
name: Morrison, Richard W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: This article reports a new methodology taking advantage of superheated chemistry via either microwave or conventional heating for the facile decarboxylation of alpha amino acids using the recoverable organocatalyst, R-carvone. The decarboxylation of amino acids is an important synthetic route to biologically active amines, and traditional methods of amino acid decarboxylation are time consuming (taking up to several days in the case of L-histidine), are narrow in scope, and make use of toxic catalysts. Decarboxylations of amino acids including L-histidine occur in just minutes while replacing toxic catalysts with green catalyst, spearmint oil. Yields are comparable to or exceed previous methods and purification of product ammonium chloride salts is aided by an isomerization reaction of residual catalyst to phenolic carvacrol. The method has been shown to be effective for the decarboxylations of a range of natural, synthetic, and protected amino acids.
title: Winter Is Coming. The Polish Woodworm Games
Creators: name: Lazowski, Adam
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Poland
subject: Białowieża Forest
subject: EU environmental law
subject: interim measures
subject: independence of judiciary
subject: EU values
subject: weaknesses of the EU law enforcement machinery

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(3), 797-802
description: The political developments in Poland, which took place in course of the past two years, have brought very chilling eastern winds to Brussels. Interestingly enough the most recent episode in the polish saga is not related to any of its domestic constitutional issues but rather to a woodworm, which populates some of the Polish forests and, as it happens, it is the arch-enemy of the Poland's Minister of Environment. The latter decided to employ its strongest armoury and for months now has been proceeding with a large-scale logging of primeval Białowieża Forest, which is a UNESCO protected site and a habitat of many animals, including some of the endangered species. According to the European Commission, the actions of the Polish authorities constitute a breach of two EU environmental directives. Bearing in mind the scale of the cull and the pace of it, the European Commission filed for an interim order requesting suspension of the logging. This was entertained by the Court of Justice almost in an instant, yet on temporary basis, until the judges conduct an in-depth enquiry whether the request made by the applicant has merits. The woodworm case has exposed a number of interesting phenomena. The story of Polish woodworm games not only encapsulates the weaknesses of the EU law enforcement machinery but it also unveils, once again, a paradox. The EU's toolbox provides ammunition that can be used in case of breach of EU legislation proper. However, it leaves the EU almost toothless when it comes to cases of flagrant breaches of rule of law. To put it differently, the European Commission may take a Member State to the Court of Justice, and have the latter impose penalties for logging of a forest in breach of EU environmental law. Yet, when the Member State undermines the independence of judiciary, by making its Minister of Justice a key player in judicial appointments and dismissals and, at the same time, a chief public prosecutor, the European Commission can only trigger its Rule of Law Mechanism and adopt non-binding recommendations or reasoned opinions.
In vivo epigenetic effects induced by engineered nanomaterials: A case study of copper oxide and laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles
Creators: name: Xiaoyan Lu
name: Miousse, Isabelle R.
name: Pirela, Sandra V.
name: Jodene K. Moore
name: Melnyk, Stepan
name: Koturbash, Igor
name: Demokritou, Philip
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: Evidence continues to grow on potential environmental health hazards associated with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). While the geno- and cytotoxic effects of ENMs have been investigated, their potential to target the epigenome remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is two-fold: 1) determining whether or not industry relevant ENMs can affect the epigenome in vivo and 2) validating a recently developed in vitro epigenetic screening platform for inhaled ENMs. Laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles (PEPs) released from nano-enabled toners during consumer use and copper oxide (CuO) were chosen since these particles induced significant epigenetic changes in a recent in vitro companion study. In this study, the epigenetic alterations in lung tissue, alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood from intratracheally instilled mice were evaluated. The methylation of global DNA and transposable elements (TEs), the expression of the DNA methylation machinery and TEs, in addition to general toxicological effects in the lung were assessed. CuO exhibited higher cell-damaging potential to the lung, while PEPs showed a greater ability to target the epigenome. Alterations in the methylation status of global DNA and TEs, and expression of TEs and DNA machinery in mouse lung were observed after exposure to CuO and PEPs. Additionally, epigenetic changes were detected in the peripheral blood after PEPs exposure. Altogether, CuO and PEPs can induce epigenetic alterations in a mouse experimental model, which in turn confirms that the recently developed in vitro epigenetic platform using macrophage and epithelial cell lines can be successfully utilized in the epigenetic screening of ENMs.
Studies on Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some 1-((1-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethylidene)amino)-6-((arylidene)amino)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles
Creators: name: N. C. Desai
name: Niraj Shihory
name: Bhatt, Malay
name: Patel, Bonny
name: Tushar Karkar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biochemistry

description: A new series of 1-((1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethylidene)amino)-6-((arylidene)amino)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles (4a–o) have been synthesized for the development of antimicrobial agents. Newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus), and antifungal activity (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus). These compounds were characterized by infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. The synthesized compounds 4b, 4e, 4 h, and 4k showed potent antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms.
Plastic Ratcheting and Fatigue Damage of High Strength Rails in Heavy Haul Railways
Creators: name: LI, YIFEI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Ensuring the safe operation of railway infrastructure is critical for the efficient transportation of mineral products in Australia, simultaneously reducing losses in human and material resources. Plastic ratcheting significantly contributes to the rolling contact fatigues in rails. This thesis examined the plastic ratcheting behaviour of high-strength rail steels employed in Australian heavy haul railway systems and evaluated their resistance to the initiation of ratcheting mechanism-driven damages, such as rolling contact fatigue crack and wear.
Cu2O-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H Cross-Coupling Using TEMPO: Synthesis of 3-(2-Oxoalkyl)-3-hydroxyoxindoles
Creators: name: Baoshuang Wang
name: Jiayi Zhu
name: Wei, Yang
name: Guotian Luo
name: Hongen Qu
name: Liang-Xian Liu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: A simple, convenient and efficient oxidative cross-coupling reaction of oxindoles with ketones toward a variety of 3-(2-oxoalkyl)-3-hydroxyoxindoles in moderate to excellent yields has been developed. This transformation proceedsvia a tandem oxidative cross-coupling by using TEMPO in air as an environmentally benign oxidant. This methodology provides an alternative approach for the direct generation of all-carbon quaternary centers at the C3 position of oxindoles.
Nonnegative and strictly positive linearization of Jacobi and generalized Chebyshev polynomials
Creators: name: Kahler, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C45 (Primary) 33C47, 42C10 (Secondary)

description: In the theory of orthogonal polynomials, as well as in its intersection with harmonic analysis, it is an important problem to decide whether a given orthogonal polynomial sequence $(P_n(x))_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}$ satisfies nonnegative linearization of products, i.e., the product of any two $P_m(x),P_n(x)$ is a conical combination of the polynomials $P_{|m-n|}(x),\ldots,P_{m+n}(x)$. Since the coefficients in the arising expansions are often of cumbersome structure or not explicitly available, such considerations are generally very nontrivial. In 1970, G. Gasper was able to determine the set $V$ of all pairs $(α,β)\in(-1,\infty)^2$ for which the corresponding Jacobi polynomials $(R_n^{(α,β)}(x))_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}$, normalized by $R_n^{(α,β)}(1)\equiv1$, satisfy nonnegative linearization of products. In 2005, R. Szwarc asked to solve the analogous problem for the generalized Chebyshev polynomials $(T_n^{(α,β)}(x))_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}$, which are the quadratic transformations of the Jacobi polynomials and orthogonal w.r.t. the measure $(1-x^2)^α|x|^{2β+1}χ_{(-1,1)}(x)\,\mathrm{d}x$. In this paper, we give the solution and show that $(T_n^{(α,β)}(x))_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}$ satisfies nonnegative linearization of products if and only if $(α,β)\in V$, so the generalized Chebyshev polynomials share this property with the Jacobi polynomials. Moreover, we reconsider the Jacobi polynomials themselves, simplify Gasper's original proof and characterize strict positivity of the linearization coefficients. Our results can also be regarded as sharpenings of Gasper's one.
description: The second version puts more emphasis on strictly positive linearization of Jacobi polynomials. We reorganized the structure, added several references and corrected a few typos. We added a geometric interpretation of the set $V^{\prime}$ and some comments on its interior. We added a detailed comparison to Gasper's classical result. Title and abstract were changed. These are the main changes
title: Opinion 2/15: Sustainable Is the New Trade. Rethinking Coherence for the New Common Commercial Policy
Creators: name: Beaucillon, Charlotte
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: EU External Action
subject: Common Commercial Policy
subject: coherence
subject: objectives
subject: sustainable development
subject: exclusive competences

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(3), 819-828
description: I. Introduction: objectives v. policies, a new balance for coherence. - II. General v. policy-linked objectives: into the logics of constructive interpretation. - III. The new policy stretch: "effects" and "special link" reloaded. - IV. Objectives v. competences: material coherence without substance.
description: Opinion 2/15 (Court of Justice, opinion of 16 May 2017) is a clear illustration of the new balance to be struck between the general objectives of EU external action, EU policies and the underlying powers at stake. Taking ground on the "fair trade" and "sustainable development" objectives in the new treaties, the Court continues its classically broad interpretation of the scope of the common commercial policy. Is there anything new under the sun? Arguably, Opinion 2/15 might announce the emergence of a recurrent issue in the law of EU external action: where does the use of general objectives end, and where does mixity start? This question first calls for an analysis of the new balance to be found between the external action objectives and the Union's policies. Second, particular attention will be paid to the constructive interpretation of general and policy-specific objectives guiding EU external action. Third, this leads to the examination of the effect these newly interpreted principles may have on the concrete appreciation of the scope of the common commercial policy. Fourth, the article aims at raising a number of interrogations deriving from opinion 2/15 as a potential precedent for both EU and MS jurisdictions.
THz time-domain spectroscopic investigations of thin films
Creators: name: Taschin, A.
name: Bartolini, P.
name: Tasseva, J.
name: Torre, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: THz time domain spectroscopy is a powerful technique enabling the investigation of different materials in the far-infrared frequency range. Even if nowadays this technique is well established, its application to very thin films remains particularly difficult. We investigated the utilization of THz spectroscopy on samples of micrometric thickness with the aim to disentangle multiple reflections and to measure with high accuracy the absolute values of the material parameters. We implemented an experimental and data analysis procedure that can be applied to free-standing single-layers or multi-layers samples. Specifically, we report on the experimental investigation by THz time domain spectroscopy of two samples: a test sample made of two layers of known thickness and materials; and a second sample, that is of a great interest for cultural heritage studies, made of a thin film of ink layered on a thicker support. Moreover, we describe in details the data analysis and fitting procedures needed to extract the material parameters from the experimental results.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1610.01025
Autoregressive Transformer Neural Network for Simulating Open Quantum Systems via a Probabilistic Formulation
Creators: name: Luo, Di
name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Carrasquilla, Juan
name: Clark, Bryan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of open quantum systems lays the foundations for a substantial part of modern research in quantum science and engineering. Rooted in the dimensionality of their extended Hilbert spaces, the high computational complexity of simulating open quantum systems calls for the development of strategies to approximate their dynamics. In this paper, we present an approach for tackling open quantum system dynamics. Using an exact probabilistic formulation of quantum physics based on positive operator-valued measure (POVM), we compactly represent quantum states with autoregressive transformer neural networks; such networks bring significant algorithmic flexibility due to efficient exact sampling and tractable density. We further introduce the concept of String States to partially restore the symmetry of the autoregressive transformer neural network and improve the description of local correlations. Efficient algorithms have been developed to simulate the dynamics of the Liouvillian superoperator using a forward-backward trapezoid method and find the steady state via a variational formulation. Our approach is benchmarked on prototypical one and two-dimensional systems, finding results which closely track the exact solution and achieve higher accuracy than alternative approaches based on using Markov chain Monte Carlo to sample restricted Boltzmann machines. Our work provides general methods for understanding quantum dynamics in various contexts, as well as techniques for solving high-dimensional probabilistic differential equations in classical setups.
title: The Recurrent Crisis of the European Union's Common Commercial Policy: Opinion 2/15
Creators: name: Segura-Serrano, Antonio
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Common Commercial Policy
subject: investment
subject: mixed agreements
subject: implied powers
subject: EU-Singapore FTA
subject: Opinion 2/15

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(3), 829-843
description: I. Introduction. - II. The Opinion of the Court. - III. Analysis of Opinion 2/15. - IV. Concluding remarks.
description: Opinion 2/15 (Court of Justice, opinion of 16 May 2017) represents just the latest example of the persistent crisis that affects the CCP. The EU's CCP has developed historically through periods of renewal and crisis. After the developments in case law, and in particular after the cases of Daiichii Sankyo (Court of Justice, judgment of 18 July 2013, case C-414/11, Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland [GC]) and Conditional Access Services (Court of Justice, judgment of 22 October 2013, case C-137/12, Commission v. Council [GC]), opinion 2/15 seems to entail a significant step back. The decision that the EU-Singapore FTA has a mixed character argues that the CCP deployed by the Commission after Lisbon goes beyond the competences established in the TFEU and, therefore, that this agreement incorporates matters that do not fall within the EU's exclusive competence. Further, the Court implicitly held that there is no shared external competence that can be exercised by the EU alone on the basis of implied powers. If the interpretation adopted by the Court regarding the "Centre of gravity" test can be praised as positive, even though its manner of changing its case-law can be criticized as insufficiently explained, the decision to leave out portfolio investments from the CCP, together with the interpretation of the investor-State arbitration system through the lens of the autonomy of EU law, shows that it will be difficult for the Commission to handle the new CCP.
title: Integration in European Defence: Some Legal Considerations
Creators: name: Lonardo, Luigi
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: European Defence Union
subject: European army
subject: Common Foreign and Security Policy
subject: Common Security and Defence Policy
subject: EU external relations Law
subject: international relations

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(3), 887-903
description: I. Introduction. - II. Reasons for the inclusion of EDU provisions in the Lisbon Treaty and their rationale. - III. Legal considerations. - III.1. The options. - III.2. Establishment of Permanent Structured Cooperation. - III.3. Functioning. - III.4. Purpose. - III.5. Funding. - IV. Conclusion.
description: The perceived surge in external threats such as hybrid and cyber warfare, the instability in EU neighbourhood, and deadly attacks on the very EU territory, jointly with the pending process of the UK leaving the European Union, recently renewed political and academic interest in the establishment of a European Defence Union (EDU). EDU is foreseen in Art. 42, para. 2, TEU, as part of Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), but only with Resolution of 22 November 2016 on the European Defence Union the European Parliament called for its establishment. This is now taking concrete shape: by Decision of 11 December 2011, the Council of the European Union has established a Permanent Structured Cooperation, and in June 2017 the Commission proposed the adoption of an ad hoc fund. The permanent structured cooperation is a mechanism for Member States to combine their military efforts provided for in the TEU, but never implemented or used until now. The opportunity to use a start-up fund is also foreseen in Art. 41, para. 3, TEU. This Article devotes attention to the legal foundations of EDU. It discusses issues related to its establishment, functioning, aims, and funding; in addition, it explores the relationship between EDU and other options available to policy-makers for providing a European defence: the mutual defence clause of Art. 42, para. 7, TEU and the mutual assistance clause of Art. 222 TFEU.
Additional file 1 of Early life exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and eating behaviors at age 12 years
Creators: name: Mourino, Nerea
name: Zhang, Zhuoya
name: Pérez-Ríos, Mónica
name: Yolton, Kimberly
name: Lanphear, Bruce P.
name: Chen, Aimin
name: Buckley, Jessie P.
name: Kalkwarf, Heidi J.
name: Cecil, Kim M.
name: Braun, Joseph M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Salmonellatyphimurium in the Australian egg industry: Multidisciplinary approach to addressing the public health challenge and future directions
Creators: name: Chousalkar, Kapil K.
name: Sexton, Margaret
name: McWhorter, Andrea
name: Hewson, Kylie
name: Martin, Glen
name: Shadbolt, Craig
name: Goldsmith, Paul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: In Australia, numerous egg-related human Salmonella typhimurium outbreaks have prompted significant interest among public health authorities and the egg industry to jointly address this human health concern. Nationwide workshops on Salmonella and eggs were conducted in Australia for egg producers and regulatory authorities. State and national regulators represented Primary Production, Communicable Disease Control, Public Health and Food Safety, and Food Standards Australia and New Zealand. All attendees participated in discussions aimed at evaluating current evidence-based information, issues related to quality of egg production, and how to ensure safe eggs in the supply chain, identifying research gaps and practical recommendations. The perceptions from egg producers and regulatory authorities from various states were recorded during the workshops. We presented the issues discussed during the workshops, including Salmonella in the farm environment, Salmonella penetration across eggshell, virulence in humans, food/egg handling in the supply chain, and intervention strategies. We also discussed the perceptions from egg producers and regulators. Recommendations placed emphasis on the future research needs, communication between industry and regulatory authorities, and education of food handlers. Communication between regulators and industry is pivotal to control egg-borne S. typhimurium outbreaks, and collaborative efforts are required to design effective and appropriate control strategies.
Additional file 1 of The changing health effects of air pollution exposure for respiratory diseases: a multicity study during 2017–2022
Creators: name: Jiang, Siyu
name: Tang, Longjuan
name: Lou, Zhe
name: Wang, Haowei
name: Huang, Ling
name: Zhao, Wei
name: Wang, Qingqing
name: Li, Ruiyun
name: Ding, Zhen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Turán's inequality, nonnegative linearization and amenability properties for associated symmetric Pollaczek polynomials
Creators: name: Kahler, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C47 (Primary) 26D05, 43A20, 43A62 (Secondary)

description: An elegant and fruitful way to bring harmonic analysis into the theory of orthogonal polynomials and special functions, or to associate certain Banach algebras with orthogonal polynomials satisfying a specific but frequently satisfied nonnegative linearization property, is the concept of a polynomial hypergroup. Polynomial hypergroups (or the underlying polynomials, respectively) are accompanied by $L^1$-algebras and a rich, well-developed and unified harmonic analysis. However, the individual behavior strongly depends on the underlying polynomials. We study the associated symmetric Pollaczek polynomials, which are a two-parameter generalization of the ultraspherical polynomials. Considering the associated $L^1$-algebras, we will provide complete characterizations of weak amenability and point amenability by specifying the corresponding parameter regions. In particular, we shall see that there is a large parameter region for which none of these amenability properties holds (which is very different to $L^1$-algebras of locally compact groups). Moreover, we will rule out right character amenability. The crucial underlying nonnegative linearization property will be established, too, which particularly establishes a conjecture of R. Lasser (1994). Furthermore, we shall prove Turán's inequality for associated symmetric Pollaczek polynomials. Our strategy relies on chain sequences, asymptotic behavior, further Turán type inequalities and transformations into more convenient orthogonal polynomial systems.
description: Main changes towards first version: The part on associated symmetric Pollaczek polynomials was extended (with more emphasis on Tur\'{a}n's inequality and including a larger parameter region), and the part on little $q$-Legendre polynomials became a separate paper. We added several references and corrected a few typos. Title, abstract and MSC class were changed
Iakov Chernikhov’s Architectural Fantasies: Overcoming of ‘Mimesis’ through ‘Phantasia’ as Forerunner of Progress
Creators: name: Charitonidou, Marianna
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2017
Subjects: Constructivists
Iakov Chernikhov
Aristotle
Phantasia
mimesis
Rationalists
Bolshevik Revolution

description: Russian avant-garde artists aimed to arm with insights into form and materials in order to realize the utopian aims of the Bolshevik Revolution. They believed architecture to have a transformative effect and to reflect the vision to transform everyday life, linking infrastructure with “spiritual values”. Their drawings express the movement towards social and political reforms, mediating realism and utopia, while mirroring social aspirations. Their attempt to bring art into life, merging them through the assemblage of artifacts is related to the revolutionizing of everyday life. 
Iakov Chernikhov’s ‘compositions’ are conceived as “arrangement[s] different from anything known before”. His constant search for new forms is related to “the capacity to fantasize and to convert these fantasies into representations is a starting point of modern architecture”. He notes: “The architect should not limit the sphere of his work with narrow frames and servile imitations, but, where necessary, should overcome obstacles by means of his powerful fantasy and bravely move forward. Those who think that the architect’s activity should embrace only current realistic requirements are thinking incorrectly and falsely.” In contrast with Aristotle, who conceives ‘mimesis’ as the equivalent of artistic enterprise, Chernikhov perceives his ‘compositions’ as acts of overcoming of ‘mimesis’ through ‘phantasia’. The visionary illustrations of his Architectural Fantasies express his endeavor to replace words by graphic images, which is based on his belief that the potential of the international language of graphics to function as a forerunner of progress derives from the power of fantasy. 
My aim is to elucidate how Chernikhov treats the tension between fantasy and reality and to examine to what extent his graphic production achieves to overcome ‘mimesis’ through ‘phantasia’. The response to these questions could help us explain why Chernikhov has been often judged as unclassifiable and to evaluate to what extent his attitude reflects the polarities between the Rationalists and the Constructivists.
title: 'Self-determination at the European Courts: The Front Polisario Case' or 'The Unintended Awakening of a Giant'
Creators: name: Hilpold, Peter
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: self-determination
subject: erga omnes norms
subject: jus cogens
subject: Western Sahara
subject: Association Agreement EU-Morocco
subject: colonialism
subject: Front Polisario

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(3), 907-921
description: I. Introduction. - II. Some factual elements of the Western Sahara dispute. - III. The Association Agreement and the proceeding before the General Court in the Case T-512/12. - IV. The Court of Justice judgment of 21 December 2016. - V. The right to self-determination and the Front Polisario case. - VI. Conclusions.
description: The judgment delivered by the Court of Justice on 21st December 2016 in Front Polisario (case C-104/16 P, Council of the European Union v. Front Polisario [GC]), has all the ingredients to become a leading case of EU jurisprudence. While formally overturning the judgment by the General Court in case T-512/12 (judgment of 10 December 2015) which annulled the liberalization agreement concluded by EU with Morocco in 2012 as it violated the rights of the people of Western Sahara (occupied by Morocco), in substance the Court's judgment even goes beyond the judgment of the General Court in defence of self-determination. The jus cogens and erga omnes character of self-determination is reiterated and emphasized by the Court of Justice. This is no small thing in a time when calls for self-determination seem to disrupt long-established states worldwide and also in Europe.
Perspective in physical therapy education: creating a communication network to connect clinical education stakeholders
Creators: name: Howman, Janice
name: Wilkinson, Tawna C.
name: Mulligan, Nancy F.
name: Lardinois, Kara L.
name: Pientok, Colette
Publisher: name: The Journal of Clinical Education in Physical Therapy
Year: 2020

description: Current issue: Collaboration among national, regional, and local physical therapy (PT) clinical education (CE) stakeholders is variable, creating fragmentation, duplication of efforts, and inconsistent lines of communication. Perspective: A formalized network for effectively communicating across all CE stakeholders is needed to promote excellence in PT education. Whether centralized, decentralized, or blended, determining the best organizational structure to position the CE community for the future is critical. Participants at the 2018 National Consortium of Clinical Educators regional networking session envisioned the ideal network as a blended structure with shared leadership and centralized resources in either a bottom-up–top-down or circular configuration. A web of communication pathways connecting all CE stakeholders was also emphasized. Implications for clinical education: Transforming the vision of CE partnerships from the narrow academic program–clinical site dyad to a broader, well-connected CE ecosystem is a prerequisite to develop a communication network. National, regional, and local stakeholders, including clinical representatives, must contribute to the development of the network. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are critical for building efficient, bidirectional interorganizational communication. The time is right for national leadership to collaborate with local CE stakeholders to identify the best network structure and ICTs to move the profession forward in its pursuit of educational excellence.
description: The Journal of Clinical Education in Physical Therapy, Vol 2 (2020)
Regulating the behavioural patterns of urban dwellers: The combination of different mobility patters in the case of the planning of the Great Aarhus Area
Creators: name: Charitonidou, Marianna
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Greater Aarhus Area
villes nouvelles
Danish spatial planning
welfare state model
mobility patterns
urban redevelopment
Georges Candilis, Alexis Josic and Shadrach Wood
welfare values of post-war society
Toulouse-le-Mirail
road network
road infrastructure

description: The paper focuses on the analysis of road infrastructure in the case of the Greater Aarhus Area  and its urban redevelopment plan by a committee that was established in 1961. It examines  following five categories structuring the road network around which the planning of the Great  Aarhus Area was de-veloped: ‘boligveje’ (housing roads), ‘stamveje’ (regular roads),  ‘fordelingsveje’ (distribution roads), ‘prim rveje’ (primary roads) and ‘motorveje’ (motorways). Its  objective is double-fold: at a first place, it renders explicit how each of the aforementioned types of  automobile infrastructure implied another model of mobility, while at a second place it relates these  models of mobility to the adopted urban planning strategies’ intention to provide to “every individual  […] equal access to all the benefits that the big city offers without having to expe-rience the  downsides which the big city also contains”. Special attention is paid to scrutinizing how the  incorporation of the notion of ‘mobility’ into urban planning, in the case of the Great Aarhus Area,  is related to their adoption of concepts and tools coming from urban geography. This crossfertilization  between urban planning and urban geography offered the opportunity to the Danish  planners involved in the aforementioned project to “regulate the behavioural patterns of the urban  dwellers”. An aspect that is closely investigated is how the division into ‘boligstier’ (housing paths),  ‘kvarterstier’ (neighbourhood paths) and ‘hovedstier’ (main paths) en-sured a consistent separation  of driving and walking traffic. The separation of pedestrian and automobile circulation was common  within the post-war welfare state, as is evidenced by other national contexts such as France, for  instance in Georges Candilis, Alexis Josic and Shadrach Woods’s proposal for Toulouse-le-Mirail, which was conceived in the framework of the French villes nouvelles project. Comparing the ways in which the division of pedestrian and automobile circulation was addressed within different national contexts in relation to the different agendas of the welfare state, the paper sheds light on how architects and urban planners conceived the car as an important means in the endeavour of architecture to respond to the welfare values of post-war society. Its objective is to shed light on the connections between the emergence of a new understanding of citizens’ sensibilities, due to the generalised use of the car in post-war societies and the welfare state.
title: European Citizens' Initiatives, Greek Debt and Court of Justice: The Final Chapter
Creators: name: Inglese, Marco
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: European Citizens' Initiative
subject: Greek debt
subject: Anagnostakis I and II
subject: state of necessity and EU economic and monetary policy
subject: Regulation 211/2011
subject: duty to state reasons

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2018 3(1), 375-385
description: European Forum Insight of 2 February 2018
description: I. Introduction. - II. The General Court judgment (Anagnostakis I) and the European Citizens' Initiative's objective. - III. The Court of Justice judgment (Anagnostakis II). - IV. Concluding remarks.
description: For the first time the Court of Justice - in its Grand Chamber composition - has ruled upon the registration phase of a European Citizens' Initiative (ECI) and, consequently, on the framework of the Commission's powers in this respect. The ECI entitled "One Million Signatures for a Europe of Solidarity" - aimed at introducing in the EU economic and monetary policy the principle of the state of necessity in order to allow a State not to repay its debt - has been the object of the Anagnostakis I (General Court, judgment of 30 September 2015, case T-450/12, Alexios Anagnostakis v. Commission) and Anagnostakis II (Court of Justice, judgment of 12 September 2017, case C-589/15 P, Alexios Anagnostakis v. Commission [GC]) cases. Against this background, this Insight will be structured as follows. Firstly, it will offer an overview of both cases analysing, in turn, the objectives of the ECI at stake as well as the judgment of the General Court (Anagnostakis I). Secondly, it will delve into the opinion of AG Mengozzi and the judgment of the Court of Justice (Anagnostakis II) which upheld the decision of the General Court. Thirdly, and in conclusion, it will link the Court of Justice judgment to the current debate on ECIs' developments and the recast of Regulation 211/2011 arguing that, despite some setbacks, ECIs might now be ready to deploy their full potentials, namely, empowering citizens to influence the Commission's legislative agenda.
Signal Is Harder To Learn Than Bias: Debiasing with Focal Loss
Creators: name: Vandenhirtz, Moritz
name: Manduchi, Laura
name: Marcinkevičs, Ričards
name: Vogt, Julia E.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spurious correlations are everywhere. While humans often do not perceive them, neural networks are notorious for learning unwanted associations, also known as biases, instead of the underlying decision rule. As a result, practitioners are often unaware of the biased decision-making of their classifiers. Such a biased model based on spurious correlations might not generalize to unobserved data, leading to unintended, adverse consequences. We propose Signal is Harder (SiH), a variational-autoencoder-based method that simultaneously trains a biased and unbiased classifier using a novel, disentangling reweighting scheme inspired by the focal loss. Using the unbiased classifier, SiH matches or improves upon the performance of state-of-the-art debiasing methods. To improve the interpretability of our technique, we propose a perturbation scheme in the latent space for visualizing the bias that helps practitioners become aware of the sources of spurious correlations.
Disentangling the Effects of Structure and Lone-Pair Electrons in the Lattice Dynamics of Halide Perovskites
Creators: name: Caicedo-Dávila, Sebastián
name: Cohen, Adi
name: Motti, Silvia G.
name: Isobe, Masahiko
name: Mc Call, Kyle
name: Kovalenko, Maksym V.
name: Yaffe, Omer
name: Herz, Laura M.
name: Fabini, Douglas H.
name: Egger, David A.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal halide perovskites have shown great performance as solar energy materials, but their outstanding optoelectronic properties are paired with unusually strong anharmonic effects. It has been proposed that this intriguing combination of properties derives from the "lone pair" electrons of the octahedral metal cations, but the precise impact of this chemical feature remains unclear. Here we show that in fact a lone pair of electrons is not a prerequisite for the strong anharmonicity and low-energy lattice dynamics encountered in this class of materials. We combine X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and first-principles molecular dynamics calculations to directly contrast the lattice dynamics of CsSrBr$_3$ with those of CsPbBr$_3$, two compounds which bear close structural similarity but with the former lacking lone pairs on the octahedral metal. We exploit low-frequency diffusive Raman scattering, nominally symmetry-forbidden in the cubic phase, as a fingerprint to detect anharmonicity and reveal that low-frequency tilting occurs irrespective of lone pair presence. This work highlights the key role of structure in perovskite lattice dynamics, providing important design rules for the emerging class of soft perovskite semiconductors for optoelectronic and light-harvesting devices.
description: arXiv
Relational superposition measurements with a material quantum ruler
Creators: name: Wang, Hui
name: Giacomini, Flaminia
name: Nori, Franco
name: Blencowe, Miles P.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: In physics, it is crucial to identify operational measurement procedures to give physical meaning to abstract quantities. There has been significant effort to define time operationally using quantum systems, but the same has not been achieved for space. Developing an operational procedure to obtain information about the location of a quantum system is particularly important for a theory combining general relativity and quantum theory, which cannot rest on the classical notion of spacetime. Here, we take a first step towards this goal, and introduce a model to describe an extended material quantum system working as a position measurement device. Such a "quantum ruler" is composed of $N$ harmonically interacting dipoles and serves as a (quantum) reference system for the position of another quantum system. We show that we can define a quantum measurement procedure corresponding to the "superposition of positions", and that by performing this measurement we can distinguish when the quantum system is in a coherent or incoherent superposition in the position basis. The model is fully relational, because the only meaningful variables are the relative positions between the ruler and the system, and the measurement is expressed in terms of an interaction between the measurement device and the measured system.
description: arXiv
Dose–Effect Relationship of Alkylating Agents on Testicular Function in Male Survivors of Childhood Lymphoma
Creators: name: Servitzoglou, Marina
name: Vathaire, Florent De
name: Oberlin, Odile
name: Patte, Catherine
name: Thomas-Teinturier, Cécile
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Physiology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine

description: The purpose of our study was to assess the gonadal function in male survivors of childhood lymphoma. We studied 171 male survivors of childhood lymphoma (83 with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [B-NHL], 32 with T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [T-NHL], 50 with Hodgkin lymphoma [HL], and 6 with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma [ALCL]), measuring follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH] levels at a median age of 21.1 (17–30.4) years after a median delay of 9.3 (2–22.4) years from treatment. FSH levels were above normal range (≥10 IU/L) in 42.1% and LH levels ≥8 IU/L in only 8.9% of survivors. In multivariate analysis, only the following chemotherapeutic agents were associated with higher FSH or LH levels: cyclophosphamide (P < .0001, .04), lomustine (CCNU; P = .002, 0.04), and procarbazine (P < .0001, .07). No significant correlation was found between FSH or LH levels and age or pubertal status at diagnosis. Mean FSH level was significantly lower in NHL survivors treated more recently: 6 ± 5.1 IU/L in B-NHL survivors treated since 1986 versus 12.3 ± 5.4 IU/L for those treated before 1981 (P = .0001), and 6.8 ± 9.6 IU/L in T-NHL survivors treated since 1989 versus 9.4 ± 5.7 IU/L for those treated before 1989 (P = .035). In HL, mean FSH level was 12.4 ± 9.9 IU/L following procarbazine containing chemotherapy versus 3.4 ± 1.9 IU/L in the absence of procarbazine and increased significantly with the number of MOPP/OPPA (mechlorethamine, Oncovin [vincristine], procarbazine, and prednisone/Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone, and Adriamycin [doxorubicin]) courses received, from 6.8 ± 5.7 IU/L for 1–2 MOPP/OPPA to 12.6 ± 7.5 for 3–4 MOPP/OPPA and 19.6 ± 13.3 for more than 4 MOPP/OPPA (P for trend = .006). Testicular toxicity of alkylating agents on childhood lymphoma survivors is dose dependent and not correlated to diagnosis, age, or pubertal status at diagnosis.