Chrysozephyrus mushaellus subsp. paolongkoui Hsu & Lo & Lin 2021, subsp. nov.
Creators: name: Hsu, Yu-Feng
name: Lo, Yik-Fui Philip
name: Lin, Rung-Juen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lycaenidae
Chrysozephyrus
Chrysozephyrus mushaellus
Chrysozephyrus mushaellus paolongkoui hsu &amp; lo

description: Chrysozephyrus mushaellus paolongkoui Hsu & Lo, subsp. nov.
(Figs. 1, 2, 7, 8, 13–16, 17, 20, 23)
Type materials. Holotype. ³: CHINA: HAINAN PROV., Baisha Co., Yinggeling, 1500m, 31. I. 2016, reared from Lithocarpus litseifolius (HSU 16 A47), emgd. 10. IV. 2016, Coll. Y. F. Hsu & Y. F. Lo (IOZ).
Paratypes. 1³ 3♀, same data as for holotype, emgd. 11-22. IV. 2016 (1³ dissected, genitalia preparation YFH
1557, DNA vouvher 160073); 2³ 7♀, same locality as for holotype, 30. I. 2015, reared from L. litseifolius (HSU 15 A35), emgd. 4-10. III. 2015, Coll. Y. F. Hsu & Y. F. Lo (IOZ, KFBG, NTNU) (1♀ dissected, genitalia preparation YFH 1579; 1♀ DNA vouvher 170163); 1♀, CHINA: HAINAN PROV., Ledong Co., Jianfengling, 1000m, 18. IV. 2006, Coll. Y. F. Lo (KFBG); 1♀, CHINA: HAINAN PROV., Ledong Co., Jianfengling, 4. V. 1985, Coll. M. B. Gu (RITF).
Description. Male (Figs. 1–2): FL 18.2–19.2 mm (mean, 18.7 ± 0.4 mm, n = 4); AL 9.0– 9.3 mm (mean, 9.1 ± 0.2 mm, n = 4). Head: Hairy, vertex, frons dark brown; a narrow white rim surrounding eye; eye semi-oval, densely covered with long, buff setae; labial palpus porrect, with 3rd segment pointed downwards, covered with dark brown scalings and hairs; maxillary palpus reduced, inconspicuous; proboscis unscaled; antenna smoothly scaled, naked at terminal end of nudum, dark brown with lateral white dots on each flagellomere. Thorax: Dark brown dorsad, white ventrad; legs with tarsus of fore leg stubby; white, mottled with brown. Forewing: Termen, costa slightly convex dorsum straight. Ground color of upperside dark brown, overlaid with large area of metallic green tinged with yellow scaling proximally, covering most of forewing, leaving a dark brown area apicaly and margin along termen. Fringe white, prominent. Ground color of underside buff. Discal spot forming brown bar edged with brown. Distal band of central symmetry system represented as tilted white line edged with brown proximally, strongly dislocated inwards in cell Cu 2. Submarginal band and "g"-element (per Nijhout 1991) fused into prominent, dark brown band edged with white. Fringe white, prominent. Hindwing: Contour of wing slightly produced at distal end of M 1 and Cu 1; Cu 2 bearing long, tail-like projection. Metallic scaling on upperside less extensive than that of forewing, with dark brown areas including a patch along costa, narrow bands along termen and dorsum. Narrow, metallic blue line at distal ends of cells along termen. Ground color of underside buff. Discal spot forming brown bar edged with white. Distal band of central symmetry system forming prominent white line edged with dark brown proximally, forming a roughly straight line from dorsum to vein Cu 1, running outwards in cell Cu 1, dislocated proximally as tickshaped or a straight line in cell Cu 2, retracing into straight line in cell 1A+2A. Submarginal band consisting of faint, broad, white band, a black, rounded spot enclosed within orange circle in cell Cu 1, and a tornal orange patch edged by black and metallic blue scaling anteriorly and posteriorly; "g"-element consisting of a string of arch-like, faint white markings. Fringe white, prominent. Abdomen: Dark brown dorsally, gray laterally, white ventrally. Genitalia (Figs. 17, 20, 23): Ring-shaped sclerites of 9+10 segments with posterior end nearly straight; saccus large, flap-like; brachium (falx) flatten, dagger-axe like, bearing a prominent distal spine pointing posteriad, serrate along anterior margin; valva with harpe as broad lobe; ampulla stout basally, with distal end forming down-curved, digitate process. Juxta broad, V-shaped. Phallus elongate, with aedeagus longer than phallobase. Aedeagus up-rasing, tubular, slightly enlarged at both ends; distal end angled with dorsal opening, signa as a patch of minute spines.
Female (Figs. 7–8). FL 18.2–19.3 mm (mean, 18.9 ± 0.4 mm, n = 10); AL 8.6–9.2 mm (mean, 9.0 ± 0.2 mm, n = 10). Body, wing patterns of underside as described for male except ground color darker. Fore leg with tarsus segmented. Wing upperside ground color brown with prominent, proximal, metallic patch blue tinged with purple on forewing. Metallic blue line at distal ends of cells along termen more prominent than that of male. Genitalia (Fig. 26): Corpus bursae ovate, bearing a pair of invaginated, horn-like signa on opposite walls. Ductus bursae largely membraneous, with posterior end containing internal sclerotized band. Sterigma forming a weakly sclerotized, dome-like structure; a funnel-shaped sclerite present around ostium bursae with a pair of ventral lobes with rounded, posterior extentions. Apophyses posteriores elongate, with posterior end abruptly flattened to sclerotized band. Papillae anales lobate, setose, weakly sclerotized near base of apophyses posteriores
Immatures. Egg (Fig. 13) approximately 0.67 ± 0.04 mm in diameter, 0.38 ± 0.02 mm in height (n = 28), hemispherical but compressed, white, surface with sculpture forming framework with regularly arranged, short, stub-like processes. Larvae (Figs. 14–15) with four instars. Head dark brown, glossy. Body slug-like, of typically lycaenid form, with surface bearing transparent setae; T1 with anterior margin slightly concave medially, anal lobe with posterior margin rounded. Coloration of body green or brown. White or yellow chevrons present subdorsally, dots of same color present throughout body. Double, medial, longitudinal white or yellow lines present by dorsal vessel. T1 shield trapezoid. Spiracles dark brown. Full-grown larva 17.08 ± 0.60 mm in length (n = 6). Pupae (Fig. 16): 11.47 ± 0.34 mm in length, 4.57 ± 0.14 mm in width of T2, 5.48 ± 0.10 mm in width of A3, 4.62 ± 0.17 mm in height of A3 (n = 6); of typical lycaenid form, brown tinged with yellow, mottled with dark brown dorsally, a dark brown medial line present dorsad on abdomen; wings with more extensive dark brown markings; spiracles cream white.
Diagnosis. The taxon paolongkoui ssp. nov. can be distinguished from other subspecies of C. mushaellus by the following features: 1) prominent dark brown apical area is present in male paolongkoui (Fig. 1) but not in the other subspecies (Fig. 3, 5); 2) brachium (falx) of paolongkoui with length of distal spine is slender and shorter than basal portion of brachum (Fig. 17), whereas that of the nominotypical subspecies is elongate, longer than basal portion of brachim (Fig. 18); that of continental subspecies is stout and short (Fig. 19); 3) ampulla of valva is bent downwards in paolongkoui (Fig. 20), in contrast to curved downwars in the nominotypical subspecies (Fig. 21) and straight in continental subspecies (Fig. 22); 4) ventral lobes of sclerite surrounding ostium bursae forming rounded extension in paolongkoui (Fig. 26), whereas there is no extention in other subspecies (Figs. 27–28); 5) sclerotized portion of ductus bursae is shorter than width of sclerite around ostium bursae in paolongkoui (Fig. 26), whereas it is longer than the sclerite in other subspecies (Fig. 27–28).
Hostplant. Lithocarpus litseifolius (Fagaceae).
Distribution. Known from montane zone of Hainan approximately 1000– 1500m in elevation. The distributional range of C. muchaellus including this new subspecies is given in Fig. 29.
Phenology. Univoltine. Adults are on wing from April to May. Overwintering as egg near bases of dormant buds on the hostplant.
Etymology. The subspecific name is derived from Paolongkou, a mythological figure who is believed to give birth of the Li people indigenous to Hainan Island according to some legendary stories.
description: Published as part of Hsu, Yu-Feng, Lo, Yik-Fui Philip & Lin, Rung-Juen, 2021, On a New Insular Subspecies of Chrysozephyrus mushaellus (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Discovered from Hainan, pp. 113-122 in Zootaxa 4908 (1) on pages 115-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4435860