cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Linear Codes associated to Determinantal Varieties
Creators: name: Beelen, Peter
name: Ghorpade, Sudhir R.
name: Hasan, Sartaj Ul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary. 94B05, 14M12 Secondary 14G15, 13C40

description: We consider a class of linear codes associated to projective algebraic varieties defined by the vanishing of minors of a fixed size of a generic matrix. It is seen that the resulting code has only a small number of distinct weights. The case of varieties defined by the vanishing of 2 x 2 minors is considered in some detail. Here we obtain the complete weight distribution. Moreover, several generalized Hamming weights are determined explicitly and it is shown that the first few of them coincide with the distinct nonzero weights. One of the tools used is to determine the maximum possible number of matrices of rank 1 in a linear space of matrices of a given dimension over a finite field. In particular, we determine the structure and the maximum possible dimension of linear spaces of matrices in which every nonzero matrix has rank 1.
description: 12 pages; to appear in Discrete Math
Close Homolog of L1 Regulates Postnatal Dendritic Spine Remodeling through Semaphorin 3B in the Mouse Cortex
Creators: name: Wade, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Dendritic spines in postnatal mammalian cortex are initially overproduced and then eliminated during adolescence to achieve stable synapses and appropriate levels of excitation. We demonstrate that an L1-family cell adhesion molecule, Close Homolog of L1 (CHL1), and a secreted class 3 semaphorin, Sema3B, regulate dendritic spine remodeling in adolescence through adulthood in the prefrontal cortex and visual cortex of postnatal mice. CHL1 was found to complex with Neuropilin-2 and PlexinA4 to form a CHL1 holoreceptor responsive specifically to Sema3B to induce spine remodeling. Additionally, loss of CHL1 leads to increased spine density and immature spine morphology on apical but not basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. Dysregulated spine remodeling, as is seen with loss of CHL1, is one of the leading hypotheses to explain abnormal spine density and synaptic connections observed in neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. This novel spine retraction mechanism through CHL1 and Sema3B is important for understanding how dendritic spines are formed and pruned during postnatal development and is directly relevant for future research on neurological disorders.
An Overview Of Protection The Life Forms And Plant Varieties Under Intellectual Property Laws
Creators: name: SADAT NASSERI, SAYED ARSALAN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Property law (excl. intellectual property law)
Intellectual property law

description: This work describes and analyses the various international legal regimes governing intellectual property rights in the protection of life forms and plant varieties and sets forth regulatory options for national governments to protect plant varieties while achieving other public policy objectives relating to plant genetic resources. It identifies different sets of policy options for governments based upon the specific constellation of treaty commitments they have undertaken. The study includes tables to convey complex information in a clear and easily understandable format. It also identifies the international institutions and intergovernmental organizations that regulate intellectual property rights in plant varieties and plant genetic resources generally and describes the core obligations outlined in international intellectual property agreements. Man is the finest creation of God. He has proved his supremacy over all living organisms but has not been satisfied with what he has achieved so far. Of course, it is his quest only that has helped him to prove his supremacy. After conquering all living Creatures; man now has started challenging nature and its very creator i.e. God The advancement in medical science has posed a serious threat to the supremacy of God. In challenging the supremacy of God man has struck on the two most fundamental Functions/ powers of God i.e. birth and death. Though man has not yet conquered death, medical science can put the death of a person a few steps behind. Mythology says that God lives in man's heart and when God leaves, the heart stops functioning and a person dies. But with artificial hearts and heart implantation techniques this myth no longer exists.
(3730) Canon Samuel Collard Harris
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Genetic determination of vitamin D status in Collaborative Cross mice
Creators: name: Niu, Changran
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient that plays many important roles in the body. Deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with various diseases, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D status is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. However, the mechanisms of genetic determination are unclear. In this project, we aim to characterize the genetic determinants of vitamin D status using Collaborative Cross (CC) inbred mice. Genetic differences at 14 genes important for vitamin D metabolism were examined across 16 CC mice. This was achieved by analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 14 genes using principal component analysis (PCA). Levels of 4 vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,24,25(OH)3D3) in 4 CC strains (CC001, CC006, CC011 and CC026) were measured and compared across strains. The genetic differences determined from PCA analyses were then associated to basal levels of vitamin D metabolites as well as the response dietary depletion. Basal levels of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were significantly (adj.p<0.5) different among the 4 CC strains. Genes Cyp27b1, Vdr, Ets1, Trim35 were significantly (adj.p<0.5) associated with basal level of 24,25(OH)2D3. In conclusions, this project showed that CC mice are a valuable model to study genetic determination of vitamin D status, due the their genetic diversity and wide range of vitamin D status. We also demonstrated that genetic differences among CC strains determined from PCA analyses can be used to predict their basal level of 24,25(OH)2D3.
Seven Years with the Swift Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients Project
Creators: name: Romano, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXTs) are HMXBs with OB supergiant companions. I review the results of the Swift SFXT Project, which since 2007 has been exploiting Swift's capabilities in a systematic study of SFXTs and supergiant X-ray binaries (SGXBs) by combining follow-ups of outbursts, when detailed broad-band spectroscopy is possible, with long-term monitoring campaigns, when the out-of-outburst fainter states can be observed. This strategy has led us to measure their duty cycles as a function of luminosity, to extract their differential luminosity distributions in the soft X-ray domain, and to compare, with unprecedented detail, the X-ray variability in these different classes of sources. I also discuss the "seventh year crisis", the challenges that the recent Swift observations are making to the prevailing models attempting to explain the SFXT behaviour.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Review paper for "Swift 10 Years of Discovery" conference. Accepted for Publication in the Journal of High Energy Astrophysics
Isometric Immersions via Compensated Compactness for Slowly Decaying Negative Gauss Curvature and Rough Data
Creators: name: Christoforou, Cleopatra
name: Slemrod, Marshall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 53C42, 53C21, 53C45, 58J32, 35L65, 35M10, Secondary: 35L45, 57R40, 57R42, 76H05, 76N10

description: In this paper the method of compensated compactness is applied to the problem of isometric immersion of a two dimensional Riemannian manifold with negative Gauss curvature into three dimensional Euclidean space. Previous applications of the method to this problem have required decay of order $t^{-4}$ in the Gauss curvature. Here we show that the decay of Hong $t^{-2-δ/2}$ where $δ\in(0,4)$ suffices.
title: Economic and Human Dimensions of Climate Variability and Climate Change: Insights from the First Three Years of Research
Creators: name: Kaje, Janne
Publisher: name: University of Washington Climate Impacts Group
Year: 1999

description: JISAO/SMA Climate Impacts Group: An Integrated Assessment of Climate Variability and Climate Change on the Pacific Northwest. Paper prepared for the NOAA Economics and Human Dimensions Meeting, Tucson, AZ, April 26-28, 1999. Our research team studies the natural climate variability of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) using, primarily, instrumental records of temperature, precipitation, streamflow and snowpack. In addition, we have collected paleoclimate data spanning the last several hundred years (using tree ring data) and plan to add lake sediment data spanning the last 10,000 years. Climate variations occur on a range of timescales. The dominant one for temperature and precipitation is the familiar seasonal pattern. Another important timescale is 2-7 years, the period of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and in fact we have found many connections between ENSO and the regional climate of the PNW. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a pattern of variability with a longer timescale, with reversals in phase occurring every 2-3 decades. In addition to natural climate variability, we also study the potential impacts of human activities on the global and regional climate. Our research team is charged with providing the PNW regional contribution to the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). There is no doubt that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing, and that it will continue to increase for the foreseeable future. Increasing carbon dioxide will, almost certainly, lead eventually to an increase in global mean temperature. This does not imply that the mean temperature everywhere will rise; regional impacts of global climate change may be subtle and surprising. Part of our purpose is to leam how global climate change might impact the PNW, given our understanding of past climate variability and its impacts. We think that the regional impacts of climate change will not be experienced as changes in conditions per se, but rather as changes in patterns of climate variability.
Additional file 1 of smORFunction: a tool for predicting functions of small open reading frames and microproteins
Creators: name: Xiangwen Ji
name: Chunmei Cui
name: Cui, Qinghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The function prediction of Mm47 using its similar microprotein. (a) The alignment between Mm47 and smORF at chr7: 135358848–135358913 (+) using BLAST protein (BLASTp). (b) The prediction of gene ontology cellular components of the similar microprotein. Related terms were marked in red. FDRs were calculated using Benjamini–Hochberg procedure.
All This Light Hiding
Creators: name: Davis, Jack
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: All This Light Hiding Rooms Where We Hid Prayers We Said Before the Season A Yearning Baptismal Quiet Before the Sun Woke Up FallingOn why I can’t write about youRaptureReading My Mother’s Journal (Untitled)A Tuesday Sonnet  first time TableThe Silence We KeepWhen Did You Know? To Do All This Light Hiding Slaughterhouse  Guest Room No Man LeftHorseshoe Vigil Casting stone EnvyShed Cocktails in the Late Light Nosedive The Thick of It CopingVeil Over this Face Calling Parable: Red Hands Walk By The River NextDeep Water Rising Exit Interview, Part I Revival Shit Pastoral MourningKings of Elmdale Park Her Song After treatment Psalm for my Mother Practicing ChessIn the NC Museum of Art What Our Hands Made Heat Wave HymnalExit Interview, Part II
Oceanic El-Niño wave dynamics and climate networks
Creators: name: Wang, Yang
name: Gozolchiani, Avi
name: Ashkenazy, Yosef
name: Havlin, Shlomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oceanic Kelvin and Rossby waves play an important role in tropical climate and \en dynamics. Here we develop and apply a climate network approach to quantify the characteristics of \en related oceanic waves, based on sea surface height satellite data. We associate the majority of dominant long distance ($\geq 500$ km) links of the network with (i) equatorial Kelvin waves, (ii) off-equatorial Rossby waves, and (iii) tropical instability waves. Notably, we find that the location of the hubs of out-going ($\sim 180^{\circ}\rm{E}$) and in-coming ($\sim 140^{\circ}\rm{W}$) links of the climate network coincide with the locations of the Kelvin wave initiation and dissipation, respectively. We also find that this dissipation at $\sim 140^{\circ}\rm{W}$ is much weaker during \en times. Moreover, the hubs of the off-equatorial network coincide with the locations of westerly wind burst activity and high wind vorticity, two mechanisms that were associated with Rossby waves activity. The quantitative methodology and measures developed here can improve the understanding of \en dynamics and possibly its prediction.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Characterization of the Modification Landscape of Exosomal Small RNAs in Human Cell Lines
Creators: name: Rackear, Madison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs noted for their involvement in gene silencing pathways. Some miRNAs have target genes implicated in human disease, such as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and many studies have now shown that alterations to miRNAs (i.e. their mutation or deletion) play a role in disease progression. Additionally, epitranscriptomics, or the investigation of chemical modifications on nucleic acid single bases, has recently been proposed as a potential source of biomarkers for early diagnostics. The epitranscriptome of many RNA species have been characterized; however, whether or not these modifications are present in miRNAs remains unknown. Here, we present an investigation of the propensity of base modifications in miRNAs in human cell lines using RNA-seq and mass spectrometry. Specifically, we introduce a robust characterization of the modifications found on miRNAs released extracellularly in exosomes, which are a particularly useful biomarker since they are found in the bloodstream rather than in tissues. Our findings reveal that the representation of RNA species in exosomes deviates from that of total cell contents. We also show evidence of novel modifications in exosomally-released miRNAs.
Role of Cardiolipin Content and Acyl Chain Composition in Mitochondrial-Mimicking Monolayers
Creators: name: Dadoo, Sahil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial phospholipid that plays a fundamental role in maintaining inner membrane (IMM) structure-function. In several metabolic diseases, CL is shown to undergo alterations in content and acyl chain composition, though there is still debate as to which alteration is the major contributor to pathology. Therefore, this study distinguished the roles of CL content and acyl chain composition on influencing IMM biophysical organization. We utilized Langmuir monolayers to study lipid packing properties of CL, from which we conducted secondary analyses on membrane properties such as elasticity, thermodynamics of mixing, and miscibility. Our data demonstrated that a decrease in CL content and extreme acyl chain remodeling impaired biophysical properties of mitochondrial-mimicking monolayers. However, modest acyl chain remodeling did not have a significant impact on these properties. These findings are crucial for the better design of CL-specific, mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
(3724) Mary Conder
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(3726) Mary Woodford Findlay
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Diversification and the patterns of introgression in a clade of Neotropical trees
Creators: name: Schley, Rowan John
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The evolutionary processes that led to the assembly of the diverse Neotropical tree flora are complex and poorly understood. It remains unclear at what pace this superlative diversity was accumulated, as do the causes of poor phylogenetic resolution and gene tree incongruence, which are commonly found when reconstructing the phylogeny of rainforest tree species. In addition, the role that introgression has played in the diversification of Neotropical trees and its effect on phylogeny remains enigmatic. The Brownea clade (Leguminosae) are a group of tree species characteristic of Neotropical rainforests, and so serve as an excellent study group with which to approach questions about the diversification of Neotropical trees. This investigation aimed to infer the rates of diversification and biogeographical history of the Brownea clade following the estimation of a phylogenetic tree for the group. The relationships between species within Brownea were then examined using phylogenomic methods to quantify gene tree incongruence, and phylogenetic model testing was used to ascertain whether this incongruence was better explained by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) or introgression. Finally, two Brownea species found in sympatry were used to examine the impact of introgression on divergence, and whether species boundaries are maintained despite gene flow. More specifically, this study assessed whether genomic loci differed in the degree to which they introgress when compared to the genome-wide average, which would be expected if species boundaries were being maintained by selection. Furthermore, loci which were candidate regions for selection, and those associated with different aspects of the environment and morphology, were inferred in order to determine possible factors maintaining the divergence between the two species.
Additional file 1 of A comparison between different anti-retroviral therapy regimes on soluble inflammation markers: a pilot study
Creators: name: Maritati, Martina
name: Trentini Alessandro
name: Zanotta, Nunzia
name: Comar, Manola
name: Bellini, Tiziana
name: Sighinolfi, Laura
name: Contini, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Differences in cytokine concentrations (pg/ml) measured in patients following the therapy simplification regimen. Table S1. Crude and adjusted means of ILs values determined in study population. Table S2. Proportion of outliers found in each group.
Distributed Optimal Power Flow for VSC-MTDC Meshed AC/DC Grids Using ALADIN
Creators: name: Zhai, Junyi
name: Dai, Xinliang
name: Jiang, Yuning
name: Xue, Ying
name: Hagenmeyer, Veit
name: Jones, Colin N.
name: Zhang, Xiao-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The increasing application of voltage source converter (VSC) high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) technology in power grids has raised the importance of incorporating DC grids and converters into the existing transmission network. This poses significant challenges in dealing with the resulting optimal power flow (OPF) problem. In this paper, a recently proposed nonconvex distributed optimization algorithm -- Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (ALADIN), is tailored to solve the nonconvex AC/DC OPF problem for emerging voltage source converter (VSC) based multiterminal high voltage direct current (VSC-MTDC) meshed AC/DC hybrid systems. The proposed scheme decomposes this AC/DC hybrid OPF problem and handles it in a fully distributed way. Compared to the existing state-of-art Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers(ADMM), which is in general, not applicable for nonconvex problems, ALADIN has a theoretical convergence guarantee. Applying these two approaches to (VSC-MTDC) coupled with an IEEE benchmark AC power system illustrates that the tailored ALADIN outperforms ADMM in convergence speed and numerical robustness.
Characterizing the Effects of Interferon gamma at the Maternal-Fetal Interface during Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Mice
Creators: name: Thefaine, Claire
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that caused a large outbreak in Latin America in 2015 with unique clinical manifestations not associated with other flavivirus infections. These manifestations included a spectrum of congenital defects such as microcephaly, fetal loss, and intra-uterine growth restriction. The factors that contribute to these adverse pregnancy outcomes are largely unknown, though there is some evidence to suggest that the immune response may play a role in mediating pregnancy pathology during viral infection. We hypothesized that interferon gamma (IFN-γ) regulates pregnancy pathology and viral replication during congenital ZIKV infection. To test this, we generated pregnancies using IFN-γ receptor knock-out mice on Ifnar1-/- background to generate pregnancies in which maternal, fetal, or both tissues were deficient of IFN-γ signaling. Lesser amounts of ZIKV RNA were detected in fetuses in which maternal IFN-γ signaling was intact than in fetuses lacking maternal IFN-γ signaling, suggesting an antiviral role for maternal IFN-γ signaling. Other groups have demonstrated that fetuses with intact IFNAR signaling have higher rates of resorption. Surprisingly, no pathology was observed in fetuses with intact fetal IFNAR signaling when IFN-γ signaling was ablated. We hypothesized that IFN-γ was acting downstream of IFNAR signaling to elicit the fetal IFNAR dependent pathology observed by other groups. To test this, we first tried to replicate the observed results by setting up a similar cross using Ifnar1+/- dams. We did not observe pathology in the resulting fetuses. We therefore conclude that all future experiments should be performed on an Ifnar1-/- background.
Optimisation and visualisation of collagen fibre orientation using Magic Angle Directional Imaging (MADI)
Creators: name: Chappell, Karyn Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The main aim of this thesis was to explore the potential of the magic angle effect as a new contrast mechanism. Until now, visualisation of the collagen fibres in tendons, ligaments, menisci and articular cartilage was not possible with MRI. The capabilities offered by a prototype MR scanner provided the opportunity to develop an in vivo technique. Several knee models were assessed to determine which produced the greatest magic angle effect; the goat was the optimal model. Different pulse sequences were optimised and tested to determine which was most effective. The minimum (seven) and optimal (nine) number of scan directions needed to image the collagen-rich structures of the knee were identified. A new technique was developed, Magic Angle Directional Imaging (MADI) which, for the first time, enables imaging of the key structures in the entire knee and evaluation of their underlying collagen fibres. A newly developed metric (Alignment Index) quantifies and visualises the collagen fibre orientation distribution identifying different tissue types, fibre groups and injury, showing potential as a biomarker. MADI was highly reproducible; the technique was able to identify changes to tendon microstructure after freezing and to visualise collagen fibrillogenesis. A blinded spontaneous injury model found MADI could distinguish a healthy ACL from an injured one in a canine model providing proof of concept. This work has clearly shown the efficacy of the MADI technique to assess collagenous intra-articular knee structures in two different species (goat and dog). This confirms the potential of the magic angle effect to image previously poorly defined structures in an entire joint. MADI demonstrates that the magic angle effect can be harnessed as in vivo contrast mechanism to visualise and characterise these tissues. The technique has numerous potential applications to develop our understanding of musculoskeletal health and improve patient pathways.
Understanding Community and Individual Level Factors Associated with HIV Care Engagement
Creators: name: Gilleskie, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background. CD4 counts at entry to care are an important indicator of care engagement among HIV patients. The relationship between geographic, structural, and economic characteristics and HIV care engagement is not well understood.Methods. An exploratory Gi* clustering analysis was conducted to visualize the UNC Infectious Disease Clinic patient population, assess geographic clustering of CD4 counts at entry to care, and adjust for covariates. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for patient clustering into census tracts. Bivariate associations were explored, and a final model was fit, including educational attainment as the only community-level covariate.Results. There was significant clustering of high CD4 counts at entry to care in Orange and Durham counties, the counties nearest the UNC Infectious Disease Clinic. African-American, non-Hispanic patients had on average 9 percent lower CD4 counts at care imitation compared to their white counterparts, while Hispanic patients had on average 31 percent lower CD4 counts at care initiation compared to their white peers. A ten percent decrease in educational attainment was significantly associated with a 3.1 percent decrease in CD4 counts at care initiation.Conclusion. Educational attainment, in addition to individual determinants of health, is associated with CD4 counts at care initiation. Clinicians and public health leaders must be aware of the communities in which patients reside, as well as the risk factors particular to the individual patient, in order to treat the patient holistically.
Search for Extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI) using COSMIC: An Ethernet based Multi-user Commensal Observing System with the Very Large Array (VLA)
Creators: name: Varghese, Savin Shynu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: The search for technosignatures addresses one of the most profound questions humanity has ever asked: Are we alone in this universe as an intelligent species? Searching for technosignatures is extremely challenging as it requires exploring the vast SETI parameter space and the searches so far have covered only a tiny fraction of this space. In order to explore this parameter space better, the SETI Institute is collaborating with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) to build a new commensal observing system with the VLA radio telescope in New Mexico. The new commensal observing system is known as COSMIC – Commensal Open Source Multimode Interferometer Cluster. COSMIC takes advantage of the multicasting Ethernet protocol allowing multiple subscribers to access the data simultaneously, and thus achieving different science goals. In the COSMIC architecture, the data streams from the VLA antennas are split before going to the VLA correlator (WIDAR) and an independent copy is sent to an FPGA hardware. The data in FPGAs are channelized and re-transmitted as ethernet packets to a CPU/GPU based compute cluster using a network switch, where further processing takes place. This will enable COSMIC access to the continuous VLA data streams and act as a parallel digital backend for SETI searches.
 COSMIC is planning to conduct its first SETI survey during the third epoch of the VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) scheduled in January 2023. The VLASS is a fast sky scan survey covering the entire Northern hemisphere above a declination of -40 degrees. This will enable COSMIC to observe 40 million stars in the first 2 years of operation, with a wide range of frequencies (74 MHz – 50 GHz), and at a sensitivity good enough to detect an Arecibo-like transmitter at a distance of 25 pc from Earth. In this talk, we will focus on the recent developments of COSMIC and the planned SETI survey to conduct one of the most comprehensive searches for technosignatures.
Reactions of ene-sulfonamides with electron-deficient carbenes
Creators: name: Spreadbury, Samuel Richard John
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter one provides a discussion into the stabilisation and reactivity of carbene and carbenoid intermediates. A review of cyclopropanes and cyclopropanation methods is then presented and select synthetic applications of aminocyclopropanes are discussed. Chapter two details investigations of the addition of dihalocarbenes to enantiomerically pure ene-sulfonamides and features the ring-expansion and functionalisation of these substrates. An exploration of the reactivity of cyclic ene-sulfonamides with metal carbenoids is then presented. Chapter three provides experimental procedures and characterisation data for the synthesised compounds.
(3727) Hilda Louisa Baines
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Physical properties of the gamma-ray binary LS 5039 through low and high frequency radio observations
Creators: name: Marcote, B.
name: Ribó, M.
name: Paredes, J. M.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied in detail the 0.15-15 GHz radio spectrum of the gamma-ray binary LS 5039 to look for a possible turnover and absorption mechanisms at low frequencies, and to constrain the physical properties of its emission. We have analysed two archival VLA monitorings, all the available archival GMRT data and a coordinated quasi-simultaneous observational campaign conducted in 2013 with GMRT and WSRT. The data show that the radio emission of LS 5039 is persistent on day, week and year timescales, with a variability $\lesssim 25~\%$ at all frequencies, and no signature of orbital modulation. The obtained spectra reveal a power-law shape with a curvature below 5 GHz and a turnover at $\sim0.5$ GHz, which can be reproduced by a one-zone model with synchrotron self-absorption plus Razin effect. We obtain a coherent picture for a size of the emitting region of $\sim0.85~\mathrm{mas}$, setting a magnetic field of $B\sim20~\mathrm{mG}$, an electron density of $n_{\rm e}\sim4\times10^5~{\rm cm^{-3}}$ and a mass-loss rate of $\dot M\sim5\times10^{-8}~{\rm M_{\odot} yr^{-1}}$. These values imply a significant mixing of the stellar wind with the relativistic plasma outflow from the compact companion. At particular epochs the Razin effect is negligible, implying changes in the injection and the electron density or magnetic field. The Razin effect is reported for first time in a gamma-ray binary, giving further support to the young non-accreting pulsar scenario.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The plasticity of gastric cancer cell lines
Creators: name: Md Hawari, Muhammad Aizat
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Cell heterogeneity is a known feature of cancer cell populations. Because of this, cell population behaviour in response to a particular environment may not be replicated in a specific subpopulation. This has prompted a new hypothesis: that cancer cells can undergo phenotypic change to acquire a stem-like cell phenotype. Thus, to determine which sub-population that displays a specific biological function and whether the environment could influence the plasticity of a group of cells within the population is essential. To investigate the potential influence on cell’s plasticity, human gastric cancer cell line SNU-1 was treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a potent IARC Group I human carcinogen, to induce a phenotypic response. BaP-AhR associated genes (CYPs) (i.e. CYP1a1, CYP1b1, AHR, AHRR, ARNT) and critical genes associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (i.e. Snail, TWIST1) and stemness markers (i.e. SOX2, OCT3/4 and NANOG) were examined. We suspected that subpopulations within SNU-1 were involved. Therefore, flow cytometry was used to observe the expression of CD24 and CD166. In unperturbed culture, enriched CD24+ and CD166+ respective cells were found to revert to their original expression phenotype after 72 hours. However, with BaP-treatment, the sorted cells increased surface expression of CD24 and CD166, respectively. Each sorted population (CD24+, CD166+ and CD24-CD166-) showed different regulation of genes associated with stemness and BaP-induced phenotypic change. CTNNB1, a target gene of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, MYC, and EMT-inducer genes were upregulated in the unsorted SNU-1 population and sorted CD24+ (BaP 10-7M to 10-5M) while remained unchanged in CD166+ and CD24-CD166- populations. Moreover, the induced expression of AhR-related and stemness genes in the sorted CD24+ population, potentially indicates that this subpopulation probably contributes to the plasticity of SNU-1. BaP- treatment also mediates changes in stemness expression and enhanced its migrative and invasive capabilities. Thus, the co-existence and interaction of subpopulations within SNU-1 could play a role in cell plasticity and in sustaining key signalling pathway responses and stemness when exposed to BaP. Our data suggest that cell heterogeneity and plasticity of subpopulations within gastric cancer cells could contribute to BaP-induced gastric carcinogenicity
Dissemination and exploitation plan
Creators: name: Davidson, Mary Frances
name: Gunnlaugsdottir, Helga
name: Adalbjornsson, Steinar B.
name: Viðarsson, Jónas R.
name: Friðriksdóttir, Ragnhildur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Case Study
Common Fishery Policy
Decision Support Network
Fisheries Partnership Agreement
Joint Scientific Committee
Framework Programme for Research and Development
Horizon 2020
Maximum Sustainable Yield
International Fishing Waters
High Seas
Dissemination
Exploitation
Communication

description: About 20% of the catch of the European fishing fleet is obtained from non-European waters. Access to these waters is often based on agreements with coastal states that allow the EU fleet to fish from surplus stocks in return for financing of infrastructure development in the fisheries sector. These agreements have been criticized, as these fisheries are often poorly regulated and management decisions are sometimes based on limited knowledge, compliance, and enforcement capabilities. It is also too often the case that trust between stakeholders is lacking. The aim of FarFish is to overcome these hurdles. The FarFish project is designed around six case study areas in which the European operators are actively engaged in fishing activities, including Cape Verde, Mauritania, Senegal and Seychelles, as well as the international seas in the southeast and southwest Atlantic. In this context of geographic, economic and cultural diversity, the project will gain insights into the sustainability commercially important species such as tuna, hake, mackerel, sardines, octopus, shrimp, and other relevant fisheries. The project will contribute to the exploitation at or below corresponding Maximum Sustainable Yields (MSY) for these fisheries. FarFish aims to improve sustainability and profitability of the European fishing fleet operating outside European waters. FarFish brings together 21 organisations and agencies across Europe, Africa and South America in addition to a number of international organizations. This plan for the dissemination of knowledge and exploitation of FarFish describes the project partners’ strategies and actions related to the exploitation, dissemination and communication of the project results. The plan will be revised and updated on a continuous basis. The FarFish consortium aims to disseminate and communicate the results and recommendations obtained from the project’s work to all relevant parties, including FarFish partners, stakeholders and the general public. The use of efficient and productive internal and external communication, actions, tools and participative events will ensure that all target groups are reached. This plan describes how the new knowledge and tools created will be exploited and disseminated, and defines a clear set of actions in the project timeline including; purpose, target groups, methods, vehicles, timing, indicators and success criteria.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 727891.
(3722) Eleanor Charlotte Henrietta Condor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Chiral metal organic materials and their application in enantioseparations of racemic chemicals: insights into the mechanisms involved
Creators: name: Slater, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Metal organic materials are an emerging, increasingly studied group of materials for a wide range of potential applications. Synthesis of chiral variants of these materials can be readily synthesised by direct combination of metal nodes with chiral linking ligands. The resulting materials often have attractive enantioselective properties, where the framework can selectively adsorb one enantiomer from the racemic mixture. Understanding of the chiral separation process is an essential yet often overlooked area of research. Elucidation of the host-guest interactions between the framework and each enantiomer of a chiral guest, gives valuable mechanistic detail for the enantioselective process, but typically, this is rarely studied. Spectroscopic characterisation of the inclusion complexes elucidates the enantioelective interactions between the framework and each enantiomer of a chiral guest. This mechanistic information can be exploited to increase the preferential interactions of the separation process by substitution of framework features with other weaker or stronger interacting species. It was found that the terephthalate of ZnBLD has a particularly strong influence on the enantioselectivity, this is observed through the strong interactions with each enantiomer guests of 1-phenylethanol and limonene. Tuning of the framework for a particular separation process can then be achieved by synthesising closely related analogues. External influences such as time, temperature and solvent choice usually have a large influence on the enantioseparation ability of the framework. The choice of the solvent has a particularly strong effect on the separation process can in some cases can even reverse the enantioselectivity. Chiral MOFs typically require expensive enantiopure ligands, this thesis presents some alternative synthesis routes to lactate containing MOFs with substantially reduced reagent costs. The greenest and most economically friendly option developed utilises post-consumer polylactic acid to replace expensive L-lactic acid.
(3725) Ethel Lauriston Conder
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Dental Hygiene Students Toward Interactive Virtual Games (IVGs)
Creators: name: Liebkemann, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: Interactive Virtual Games (IVGs) are active learning tools that promote critical thinking, problem solving, and/or content memorization through timed, interactive simulations and activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes and perceptions of dental hygiene students toward learning with an IVG. Methods: An anonymous Qualtrics link was emailed to 70 first- and second-year dental hygiene (DH) students in the undergraduate baccalaureate program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry. The link contained a short animated video describing the concept of an IVG, followed by a 26-question survey related to demographic identification, technology usage, preferred learning styles, and IVG integration. Univariate analysis yielded descriptive data about the participants’ opinions. Results: Fifty students submitted responses to the survey (response rate 71%). Ninety percent (N=45) reported having played some type of educational video game in the past. Ninety-two percent (N=46) indicated that they were interested using IVGs to supplement the information presented in class. Students reported interest in using IVGs to improve their critical thinking ability (98%, N=49), memorization ability (96%, N=48), and tactile skills (96%, N=48). Students stated that they believed IVGs were versatile and would improve their preparedness for clinic. Conclusion: The positive attitudes and perceptions of DH students toward the notion of IVGs indicate that students would welcome IVGs as a means to learn in the classroom. Further research involving the design, implementation, and effectiveness of an IVG is needed.
Neutral atomic-carbon QSO absorption-line systems at z>1.5: Sample selection, HI content, reddening, and 2175 A extinction feature
Creators: name: Ledoux, C.
name: Noterdaeme, P.
name: Petitjean, P.
name: Srianand, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a search for cold gas at high redshift along QSO lines-of-sight carried out without any a priori assumption on the neutral atomic-hydrogen (HI) content of the absorbers. To do this, we systematically looked for neutral-carbon (CI) 1560,1656 transition lines in low-resolution QSO spectra from the SDSS database. We built up a sample of 66 CI absorbers with redshifts 1.521 compared to systematic DLA surveys. We study empirical relations between W_r(CI), N(HI), E(B-V) and the strength of the 2175 A extinction feature, the latter being detected in about 30% of the CI absorbers. We show that the 2175 A feature is weak compared to Galactic lines-of-sight exhibiting the same amount of reddening. This is probably the consequence of current or past star formation in the vicinity of the CI systems. We also find that the strongest CI systems tend to have the largest amounts of dust and that the metallicity of the gas and its molecular fraction is likely to be high in a large number of cases.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Main Journal on 20 April 2015