cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stellar abundances and molecular hydrogen in high-redshift galaxies -the far-ultraviolet view
Creators: name: Keel, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FUSE spectra of star-forming regions in nearby galaxies are compared to composite spectra of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs), binned by strength of Lyman alpha emission and by mid-UV luminosity. Several far-UV spectral features, including lines dominated by stellar wind and by photospheric components, are very sensitive to stellar abundances. Their measurement in Lyman-break galaxies is compromised by the strong interstellar absorption features, allowing in some cases only upper limits. The derived C and N abundances in the LBGs are no higher than half solar (scaled to oxygen abundance for comparison with emission-line analyses), independent of the strength of Lyman alpha emission. P V absorption indicates abundances as low as 0.1 solar, with an upper limit near 0.4 solar in the reddest and weakest-emission galaxies. Unresolved interstellar absorption components would further lower the derived abundances. Trends of line strength, and derived abundances, are stronger with mid-UV luminosity than with Lyman-alpha strength. H2 absorption in the Lyman and Werner bands is very weak in the LBGs. Template H2 absorption spectra convolved to appropriate resolution show that strict upper limits N(H2)< 10^18 cm^-2 apply in all cases, with more stringent values appropriate for the stronger-emission composites and for mixes of H2 level populations like those on Milky Way sight lines. Since the UV-bright regions are likely to be widespread in these galaxies, these results rule out massive diffuse reservoirs of H2, and suggest that the dust/gas ratio is already fairly large at z~3.
description: Astron J., in press (June 2006)
Compiler Design for Distributed Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Ferrari, Davide
name: Cacciapuoti, Angela Sara
name: Amoretti, Michele
name: Caleffi, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In distributed quantum computing architectures, with the network and communications functionalities provided by the Quantum Internet, remote quantum processing units (QPUs) can communicate and cooperate for executing computational tasks that single NISQ devices cannot handle by themselves. To this aim, distributed quantum computing requires a new generation of quantum compilers, for mapping any quantum algorithm to any distributed quantum computing architecture. With this perspective, in this paper, we first discuss the main challenges arising with compiler design for distributed quantum computing. Then, we analytically derive an upper bound of the overhead induced by quantum compilation for distributed quantum computing. The derived bound accounts for the overhead induced by the underlying computing architecture as well as the additional overhead induced by the sub-optimal quantum compiler -- expressly designed through the paper to achieve three key features, namely, general-purpose, efficient and effective. Finally, we validate the analytical results and we confirm the validity of the compiler design through an extensive performance analysis.
Grammatical elicitation: Grammatical relation marking
Creators: name: Palacio, Frank
name: Dabkowski, Maksymilian
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cab

description: Grammatical relation marking with agreement morphemes on the verb oubra 'hug' and with various combinations of the auxiliaries perfective/imperative -a-, future -ba-, and nonfuture -mu-.
M1-78: a nitrogen-rich Galactic compact HII region beyond the Perseus arm
Creators: name: Martin-Hernandez, N. L.
name: Esteban, C.
name: Mesa-Delgado, A.
name: Bik, A.
name: Puga, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is considerable controversy surrounding the nature of M1-78, a compact nebula located beyond the Perseus arm. It was first classified as a planetary nebula and is nowadays generally considered to be a compact HII region. To investigate the nature M1-78 further, we present a detailed spectroscopic study of M1-78 in the optical and near-infrared. M1-78 is a high-density nebula with substantial physical differences between its two main morphological zones: a bright arc to the SW and a blob of emission in the NE. Specifically, the blob in the NE has a higher electron temperature and visual extinction than the SW arc. The most important result, however, is the confirmation of a nitrogen enrichment in M1-78. This enrichment is stronger at the location of the NE blob and is correlated with a defficiency in the O abundance and a (dubious) He enrichment. Such an abundance pattern is typical of ejecta nebulae around evolved massive stars such as Wolf-Rayet and Luminous Blue Variable stars. The spatial variations in the physical conditions and chemical abundances and the presence of more than one possible ionizing source indicates, however, that M1-78 is better described as a combination of a compact HII region + ejecta. Finally, we detect H2 emission that extends over a large (~30 arcsec) area around the ionized nebula. Analysis of the near-infrared H2 lines indicates that the excitation mechanism is UV fluorescence.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Programm "Just and Inclusive Communities". Bericht von einer ÖRK-Arbeitsgruppe zur Vorbereitung auf Busan 2013, Toronto, 24.-29. November 2012
Creators: name: Brandstätter, Johannes
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 62 Nr. 1 (2013): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 62, Heft 1
QCD with light Wilson quarks on fine lattices (I): first experiences and physics results
Creators: name: Del Debbio, L.
name: Giusti, L.
name: Lüscher, M.
name: Petronzio, R.
name: Tantalo, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent conceptual, algorithmic and technical advances allow numerical simulations of lattice QCD with Wilson quarks to be performed at significantly smaller quark masses than was possible before. Here we report on simulations of two-flavour QCD at sea-quark masses from slightly above to approximately 1/4 of the strange-quark mass, on lattices with up to 64x32^3 points and spacings from 0.05 to 0.08 fm. Physical sea-quark effects are clearly seen on these lattices, while the lattice effects appear to be quite small, even without O(a) improvement. A striking result is that the dependence of the pion mass on the sea-quark mass is accurately described by leading-order chiral perturbation theory up to meson masses of about 500 MeV.
description: TeX source, 17 pages, figures included
Generative visuelle KI in Redaktionen: Überlegungen zu Produktion, Präsentation, Auslegung durch das Publikum und Auswirkung auf das Publikum
Creators: name: Thomson, T.J.
name: Thomas, Ryan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 470105
subject: Journalism studies
classificationCode: 360599
subject: Screen and digital media not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 470102
subject: Communication technology and digital media studies

description: KI-Dienste, die Antworten auf Anfragen bereitstellen, wie ChatGPT, haben leidenschaftliche Diskussionen über die Zukunft des Lernens, der Arbeit und der Kreativität entfacht. KI-gesteuerte Text-zu-Bild-Generatoren, wie Midjourney, werfen tiefgreifende Fragen nach dem Zweck, der Bedeutung und dem Wert von Bildern auf, haben jedoch trotz der aufgeworfenen Implikationen für die Produktion und den Konsum von Bildern wesentlich weniger Forschungsaufmerksamkeit erhalten. In diesem Essay werden grundlegende Überlegungen angestellt, die Journalist*innen und Nachrichtenmedien im Auge behalten sollten, wenn sie die Konzeption, Beschaffung, Präsentation oder Überprüfung von KI-generierten Bildern in Betracht ziehen. Insbesondere werden in diesem Essay die Transparenz bezüglich der Auswirkung von Algorithmen sowie Herkunft, algorithmische Vorurteile, Arbeitsethik und die Verdrängung von herkömmlichen Bildjournalist*innen diskutiert. Weiterhin werden in diesem Essay potenzielle Auswirkungen auf Präzision und Repräsentativität von Bildern angesprochen, die das Publikum in Nachrichten sieht, während auch der Mangel entsprechender Vorschriften und Initiativen zur Entwicklung von Richtlinien zur Nutzung von KI-generierten Bildern in Nachrichten bedacht wird. Die Autoren haben dazu acht Bildredakteur*innen bzw. Journalist*innen in entsprechenden Positionen in leitenden Nachrichtenorganisationen in Australien und den USA befragt. Insgesamt arbeitet dieser Essay Schlüsselfragen heraus, die Journalist*innen und ihre Nachrichtenorganisationen im Zeitalter von KI und synthetischen, visuellen Medien in Angriff nehmen müssen.
A remeshed vortex method for mixed rigid/soft body fluid--structure interaction
Creators: name: Bhosale, Yashraj
name: Parthasarathy, Tejaswin
name: Gazzola, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline a 2D algorithm for solving incompressible flow--structure interaction problems for mixed rigid/soft body representations, within a consistent framework based on the remeshed vortex method. We adopt the one--continuum formulation to represent both solid and fluid phases on an Eulerian grid, separated by a diffuse interface. Rigid solids are treated using Brinkman penalization while an inverse map technique is used to obtain elastic stresses in the hyper-elastic solid phase. We test our solver against a number of benchmark problems, which demonstrate physical accuracy and first to second order convergence in space and time. Benchmarks are complemented by additional investigations that illustrate the ability of our numerical scheme to capture essential fluid--structure interaction phenomena across a variety of scenarios involving internal muscular actuation, self propulsion, multi-body contact, heat transfer and rectified viscous streaming effects. Through these illustrations, we showcase the ability of our solver to robustly deal with different constitutive models and boundary conditions, solve disparate multi-physics problems and achieve faster time-to-solutions by sidestepping CFL time step restrictions.
A Unified Picture for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetries in Hard Processes
Creators: name: Ji, Xiangdong
name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
name: Vogelsang, Werner
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Drell-Yan pair production as an example, we explore the relation between two well-known mechanisms for single transverse-spin asymmetries in hard processes: twist-three quark-gluon correlations when the pair's transverse momentum is large, $q_\perp \gg Λ_{\rm QCD}$, and time-reversal-odd and transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions when $q_\perp$ is much less than the pair's mass. We find that although the two mechanisms have their own domain of validity, they describe the same physics in the kinematic region where they overlap. This unifies the two mechanisms and imposes an important constraint on phenomenological studies of single spin asymmetries.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
An evidence of triple kinetic freezeout scenario observed in all centrality intervals in Cu-Cu, Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energies
Creators: name: Waqas, M.
name: Peng, G. X.
name: Liu, Fu-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse momentum spectra of $π^+$, $K^+$, $p$, $K^0_s$, $Λ$, $Ξ$ or $\barΞ^+$ and $Ω$ or $\barΩ^+$ or $Ω+\barΩ$ in Copper-Copper (Cu-Cu), Gold-Gold (Au-Au) and Lead-Lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV and 2.76 TeV respectively, are analyzed in different centrality bins by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is observed that $\barΞ^+$ and $Ω$ or $\barΩ^+$ or $Ω+\barΩ$ have larger kinetic freezeout temperature followed by $K^+$, $K^0_s$ and $Λ$ than $π^+$ and $p$ due to smaller reaction cross-sections of multi-strange and strange particles than non-strange particles. The present work reveals the scenario of triple kinetic freezeout in collisions at BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations, however the transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are mass dependent and they decrease with the increasing rest mass of the particle. In addition, the kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are decreasing from central to peripheral collisions while the parameter q increase from central to peripheral collisions, indicating the approach of quick equilibrium in the central collisions. Besides, the kinetic freezeout temperature and kinetic freezeout volume are observed to be larger in larger collision system which shows its dependence on the size of the interacting system, while transverse flow velocity increase with increasing energy.
Affine symmetry in mechanics of collective and internal modes. Part I. Classical models
Creators: name: Sławianowski, J. J.
name: Kovalchuk, V.
name: Sławianowska, A.
name: Gołubowska, B.
name: Martens, A.
name: Rożko, E. E.
name: Zawistowski, Z. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discussed is a model of collective and internal degrees of freedom with kinematics based on affine group and its subgroups. The main novelty in comparison with the previous attempts of this kind is that it is not only kinematics but also dynamics that is affinely-invariant. The relationship with the dynamics of integrable one-dimensional lattices is discussed. It is shown that affinely-invariant geodetic models may encode the dynamics of something like elastic vibrations.
Model-Independent Simulation Complexity of Complex Quantum Dynamics
Creators: name: Khan, Aiman
name: Quigley, David
name: Marcus, Max
name: Thyrhaug, Erling
name: Datta, Animesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model-independent measure of dynamical complexity based on simulating complex quantum dynamics using stroboscopic Markovian dynamics. Tools from classical signal processing enable us to infer the Hilbert space dimension of a complex quantum system evolving under a time-independent Hamiltonian via pulsed interrogation. We evaluate our model-independent simulation complexity (MISC) for the spin-boson model and simulated third-order pump-probe spectroscopy data for exciton transport in coupled dimers with vibrational levels. The former provides insights into coherence and population dynamics in the two-level system while the latter reveals the dimension of the singly-excited manifold of the dimer. Finally, we probe the complexity of excitonic transport in light harvesting 2 (LH2) and Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complexes using data from two recent nonlinear ultrafast optical spectroscopy experiments. For the latter we make some model-independent inferences that are commensurate with model-specific ones. This includes estimating the fewest number of parameters needed to fit the experimental data and identifying the spatial extent, i.e., delocalization size, of quantum states occurring in this complex quantum dynamics.
description: 21 pages, inculding 6 appendices and 10 figures
Dynamical properties of a Soliton in a Potential Well
Creators: name: Piette, B.
name: Zakrzewski, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the scattering of a two-dimensional soliton on a potential well. We show that this soliton can pass through the well, bounce back or become trapped and we study the dependence of the critical velocity on the width and the depth of the well. We also present a model based on a pseudo-geodesic approximation to the full system which shows that the vibrational modes of the soliton play a crucial role in the dynamical properties of its interactions with potential wells.
description: 21 pages, 27 figures
Ist die Taufe das Schibboleth? Was Freikirchen und Volkskirchen unterscheidet
Creators: name: Niedballa, Thomas
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 62 Nr. 1 (2013): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 62, Heft 1
Oxytricha granulifera Foissner & Adam 1983
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Hypotrichea
Oxytrichida
Oxytrichidae
Oxytricha
Oxytricha granulifera

description: Oxytricha granulifera Foissner & Adam, 1983
Distribution. VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Sister to the dream : the surrealist object between art and politics
Creators: name: Harris, John Steven
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: My dissertation examines the role played by the surrealist object in the avant-garde strategies of the French surrealist group, in the difficult political circumstances of the 1930s. In my reading, the surrealist object is located in a critical relation to modern art; it depends on the invention of collage for its own realization, but it also attempts to supersede modernism through an act of desublimation, the return of art to its sexual origins. A n understanding of this critical relation is established through Peter Burger's Theory of the Avant-Garde, through the use of psychoanalytic theory, and through an understanding of the difference between Kantian and Hegelian aesthetics. The object's invention in 1931 is then related to the cultural debates occurring on the revolutionary left in France and the Soviet Union. The surrealists wish to achieve an alliance with the Parti Communiste Francais, but avoid the politicization of the cultural field undertaken by the Communists in both countries. They answer the demand for the politicization of art with the supersession of art, for which the object provides a model. In the 1930s, the surrealists develop the notion of a revolutionary science that would forge a relation between action and interpretation. They attempt to indicate such a relation in a number of experimental texts, taking unconscious thought as the object of their investigation. As a central category of their reflection in this period, the surrealist objects are often given as extra-aesthetic examples of such thought in physical form. The rise of the Popular Front and the move of the P.C.F. towards a reformist politics presented a crisis for the surrealist movement. A number of surrealists, like Tristan Tzara, Rene Char and Roger Caillois, split with their group in order to work with the Popular Front, while the larger part of the surrealist group broke with the P.C.F. and the Soviet Union. The break with Stalinism led the surrealists to the point of an alliance with the modern art they had once claimed to supersede; from now on, interpretation would be preserved, at the expense of action. The surrealist object, which had exemplified the relation between action and interpretation, begins to recede from view after 1936, as the avant-garde project that had brought it into being became increasingly difficult to sustain.
Grammatical elicitation: Adjectival, identificational, presentational, and existential predicates
Creators: name: Palacio, Frank
name: Wellstood, Zachary
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cab

description: Adjectival predicates include 'big,' 'enormous,' and comparative construction.
Existential includes existential quantifier.
Affine symmetry in mechanics of collective and internal modes. Part II. Quantum models
Creators: name: Sławianowski, J. J.
name: Kovalchuk, V.
name: Sławianowska, A.
name: Gołubowska, B.
name: Martens, A.
name: Rożko, E. E.
name: Zawistowski, Z. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discussed is the quantized version of the classical description of collective and internal affine modes as developed in Part I. We perform the Schrödinger quantization and reduce effectively the quantized problem from $n^{2}$ to $n$ degrees of freedom. Some possible applications in nuclear physics and other quantum many-body problems are suggested. Discussed is also the possibility of half-integer angular momentum in composed systems of spin-less particles.
Evidence for the coexistence of time-reversal symmetry breaking and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like superconductivity in La$_{7}$Pd$_{3}$
Creators: name: Mayoh, D. A.
name: Hillier, A. D.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Lees, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB) with a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) -like superconductivity occurs in a small, but growing number of noncentrosymmetric (NCS) materials, although the mechanism is poorly understood. We present heat capacity, magnetization, resistivity, and muon spin resonance/relaxation ($μ$SR) measurements on polycrystalline samples of NCS La$_{7}$Pd$_{3}$. Transverse-field $μ$SR and heat capacity data show La$_{7}$Pd$_{3}$ is a type-II superconductor with a BCS-like gap structure, while zero-field $μ$SR results provide evidence of TRSB. We discuss the implications of these results for both the La$_{7}X_{3}$ (where $X=$ Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir) group of superconductors and other CS and NCS superconductors for which TRSB has been observed.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables. Accepted in Physical Review B
The rooting issue for a lattice fermion formulation similar to staggered fermions but without taste mixing
Creators: name: Adams, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the viability of the 4th root trick for the staggered fermion determinant in a simpler setting, we consider a two taste (flavor) lattice fermion formulation with no taste mixing but with exact taste-nonsinglet chiral symmetries analogous to the taste-nonsinglet $U(1)_A$ symmetry of staggered fermions. M. Creutz's objections to the rooting trick apply just as much in this setting. To counter them we show that the formulation has robust would-be zero-modes in topologically nontrivial gauge backgrounds, and that these manifest themselves in a viable way in the rooted fermion determinant and also in the disconnected piece of the pseudoscalar meson propagator as required to solve the U(1) problem. Also, our rooted theory is heuristically seen to be in the right universality class for QCD if the same is true for an unrooted mixed fermion action theory.
description: 22 revtex pages, to appear in PRD. v4: correction in the relation of the 2-flavor theory to twisted mass fermions
Sequences of enumerative geometry: congruences and asymptotics
Creators: name: Grunberg, Daniel B.
name: Moree, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N10, 11A07, 41A60

description: We study the integer sequence v_n of numbers of lines in hypersurfaces of degree 2n-3 of P^n, n>1. We prove a number of congruence properties of these numbers of several different types. Furthermore, the asymptotics of the v_n are described (in an appendix by Don Zagier). An attempt is made at a similar analysis of two other enumerative sequences: the number of rational plane curves and the number of instantons in the quintic threefold.
description: 29 pages. Appendix by Don Zagier (pp. 24-28)
Neutrino Mass Implications for Muon Decay Parameters
Creators: name: Erwin, Rebecca J.
name: Kile, Jennifer
name: Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J.
name: Wang, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the scale of neutrino mass to derive model-independent naturalness constraints on possible contributions to muon decay Michel parameters from new physics above the electroweak symmetry-breaking scale. Focusing on Dirac neutrinos, we obtain a complete basis of effective dimension four and dimension six operators that are invariant under the gauge symmetry of the Standard Model and that contribute to both muon decay and neutrino mass. We show that -- in the absence of fine tuning -- the most stringent bounds on chirality-changing operators relevant to muon decay arise from one-loop contributions to neutrino mass. The bounds we obtain on their contributions to the Michel parameters are four or more orders of magnitude stronger than bounds previously obtained in the literature. We also show that there exist chirality-changing operators that contribute to muon decay but whose flavor structure allows them to evade neutrino mass naturalness bounds. We discuss the implications of our analysis for the interpretation of muon decay experiments.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
A Molecular Line Observation toward Massive Clumps Associated with Infrared Dark Clouds
Creators: name: Sakai, Takeshi
name: Sakai, Nami
name: Kamegai, Kazuhisa
name: Hirota, Tomoya
name: Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki
name: Shiba, Shoichi
name: Yamamoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have surveyed the N2H+ J=1-0, HC3N J=5-4, CCS J_N=4_3-3_2, NH3 (J, K) = (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), and CH3OH J=7-6 lines toward the 55 massive clumps associated with infrared dark clouds by using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope and the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope. The N2H+, HC3N, and NH3 lines are detected toward most of the objects. On the other hand, the CCS emission is detected toward none of the objects. The [CCS]/[N2H+] ratios are found to be mostly lower than unity even in the Spitzer 24 micron dark objects. This suggests that most of the massive clumps are chemically more evolved than the low-mass starless cores. The CH3OH emission is detected toward 18 out of 55 objects. All the CH3OH-detected objects are associated with the Spitzer 24 micron sources, suggesting that star formation has already started in all the CH3OH-detected objects. The velocity widths of the CH3OH J_K=7_0-6_0 A+ and 7_{-1}-6_{-1} E lines are broader than those of N2H+ J=1-0. The CH3OH J_K=7_0-6_0 A+ and 7_{-1}-6_{-1} E lines tend to have broader linewidth in the MSX dark objects than in the others, the former being younger or less luminous than the latter. The origin of the broad emission is discussed in terms of the interaction between an outflow and an ambient cloud.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Spin Filtered Edge States and Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
Creators: name: Abanin, D. A.
name: Lee, P. A.
name: Levitov, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron edge states in graphene in the Quantum Hall effect regime can carry both charge and spin. We show that spin splitting of the zeroth Landau level gives rise to counterpropagating modes with opposite spin polarization. These chiral spin modes lead to a rich variety of spin current states, depending on the spin flip rate. A method to control the latter locally is proposed. We estimate Zeeman spin splitting enhanced by exchange, and obtain a spin gap of a few hundred Kelvin.
description: 4 pages, 3 figs
Unstable Rotational States of Closed String with Massive Points
Creators: name: Sharov, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the closed string carrying 2 or 3 point-like masses the stability problem for central and linear rotational states is considered. This problem is important for applications of these model to describing baryons, glueballs or other exotic hadrons. The linear rotational state correspond to an uniform rotation of the system with rectilinear string segments, connecting massive points. The state is named ``central'' one, if there is a massive point at the rotational center. It is shown that the linear rotational states with 2 massive points are stable with respect to small disturbances. But the central rotational states with 3 masses are not stable, if the central mass it less than energy of the string with other massive points. This effect may change properties of excited hadron states, in particular, increase their width.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Pre- and post-selection, weak values, and contextuality
Creators: name: Tollaksen, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analyzing the concept of contextuality (Bell-Kochen-Specker) in terms of pre-and-post-selection (PPS), it is possible to assign definite values to observables in a new and surprising way. Physical reasons are presented for restrictions on these assignments. When measurements are performed which do not disturb the pre- and post-selection (i.e. weak measurements), then novel experimental aspects of contextuality can be demonstrated including a proof that every PPS-paradox with definite predictions implies contextuality. Certain results of these measurements (eccentric weak values with e.g. negative values outside the spectrum), however, cannot be explained by a "classical-like" hidden variable theory.
description: Identical content; stream-lined verbal presentation
The formation and evolution of planetary systems: Grain growth and chemical processing of dust in T Tauri systems
Creators: name: Bouwman, J.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Hillenbrand, L. A.
name: Meyer, M. R.
name: Pascucci, I.
name: Carpenter, J.
name: Hines, D.
name: Kim, J. S.
name: Silverstone, M. D.
name: Hollenbach, D.
name: Wolf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is one in a series presenting results obtained within the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS) Legacy Science Program on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Here we present a study of dust processing and growth in seven protoplanetary disks. Our spectra indicate that the circumstellar silicate dust grains have grown to sizes at least 10 times larger than observed in the interstellar medium, and show evidence for a non-negligible (~5 % in mass fractions) contribution from crystalline species. These results are similar to those of other studies of protoplanetary disks. In addition, we find a correlation between the strength of the amorphous silicate feature and the shape of the spectral energy distribution. This latter result is consistent with the growth and subsequent gravitational settling of dust grains towards the disk mid-plane. Further, we find a change in the relative abundance of the different crystalline species: more enstatite relative to forsterite is observed in the inner warm dust population at ~1 AU, while forsterite dominates in the colder outer regions at ~5 to 15 AU. This change in the relative abundances argues for a localized crystallization process rather than a radial mixing scenario where crystalline silicates are being transported outwards from a single formation region in the hot inner parts of the disk. Last, we report the detection of emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in five out of seven sources. We find a tentative PAH band at 8.2 micron, previously undetected in the spectra of disks around low-mass pre-main-sequence stars.
description: 53 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, ApJ accepted
Effective Crystalline Electric Field Potential in a j-j Coupling Scheme
Creators: name: Hotta, Takashi
name: Harima, Hisatomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective model on the basis of a $j$-$j$ coupling scheme to describe local $f$-electron states for realistic values of Coulomb interaction $U$ and spin-orbit coupling $λ$, for future development of microscopic theory of magnetism and superconductivity in $f^n$-electron systems, where $n$ is the number of local $f$ electrons. The effective model is systematically constructed by including the effect of a crystalline electric field (CEF) potential in the perturbation expansion in terms of $1/λ$. In this paper, we collect all the terms up to the first order of $1/λ$. Solving the effective model, we show the results of the CEF states for each case of $n$=2$\sim$5 with $O_{\rm h}$ symmetry in comparison with those of the Stevens Hamiltonian for the weak CEF. In particular, we carefully discuss the CEF energy levels in an intermediate coupling region with $λ/U$ in the order of 0.1 corresponding to actual $f$-electron materials between the $LS$ and $j$-$j$ coupling schemes. Note that the relevant energy scale of $U$ is the Hund's rule interaction. It is found that the CEF energy levels in the intermediate coupling region can be quantitatively reproduced by our modified $j$-$j$ coupling scheme, when we correctly take into account the corrections in the order of $1/λ$ in addition to the CEF terms and Coulomb interactions which remain in the limit of $λ$=$\infty$. As an application of the modified $j$-$j$ coupling scheme, we discuss the CEF energy levels of filled skutterudites with $T_{\rm h}$ symmetry.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. Typeset with jpsj2.cls
The complexity of classifying separable Banach spaces up to isomorphism
Creators: name: Ferenczi, Valentin
name: Louveau, Alain
name: Rosendal, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B03; 03E15

description: It is proved that the relation of isomorphism between separable Banach spaces is a complete analytic equivalence relation, i.e., that any analytic equivalence relation Borel reduces to it. Thus, separable Banach spaces up to isomorphism provide complete invariants for a great number of mathematical structures up to their corresponding notion of isomorphism. The same is shown to hold for (1) complete separable metric spaces up to uniform homeomorphism, (2) separable Banach spaces up to Lipschitz isomorphism, and (3) up to (complemented) biembeddability, (4) Polish groups up to topological isomorphism, and (5) Schauder bases up to permutative equivalence. Some of the constructions rely on methods recently developed by S. Argyros and P. Dodos.
Detecting Reconnection Events in Kinetic Vlasov Hybrid Simulations Using Clustering Techniques
Creators: name: Sisti, Manuela
name: Finelli, Francesco
name: Pedrazzi, Giorgio
name: Faganello, Matteo
name: Califano, Francesco
name: Ponti, Francesca Delli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetic turbulence in magnetized space plasmas has been extensively studied via in situ observations, numerical simulations and theoretical models. In this context, a key point concerns the formation of coherent current structures and their disruption through magnetic reconnection. We present automatic techniques aimed at detecting reconnection events in large data set of numerical simulations. We make use of clustering techniques known as K-means and DBscan (usually referred in literature as unsupervised machine learning approaches), and other methods based on thresholds of standard reconnection proxies. All our techniques use also a threshold on the aspect ratio of the regions selected. We test the performance of our algorithms. We propose an optimal aspect ratio to be used in the automated machine learning algorithm: AR=18. The performance of the unsupervised approach results to be strongly competitive with respect to those of other methods based on thresholds of standard reconnection proxies.
Phase transition in the binary mixture of jammed particles with large size dispersity
Creators: name: Hara, Yusuke
name: Mizuno, Hideyuki
name: Ikeda, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been well established that particulate systems show the jamming transition and critical scaling behaviors associated with it. However, our knowledge is limited to (nearly) monodisperse systems. Recently, a binary mixture of jammed particles with large size dispersity was studied, and it was suggested that two distinct jammed phases appeared. Here, we conduct a thorough numerical study on this system with a special focus on the statistics of and finite-size effects on the fraction of small particles that participate in the rigid network. We present strong evidence that two distinct jammed phases appear depending on the pressure and composition of two species, which are separated by the first-order phase transition. In one of two phases, only large particles are jammed, whereas both small and large particles are jammed in the other phase. We also describe the phase diagram in the pressure-composition plane, where the first-order phase transition line terminates at a critical point. In addition, we investigate the mechanical properties in terms of the elastic moduli over the phase diagram and find that discontinuous changes in elastic moduli emerge across the phase transition. Remarkably, despite the discontinuities, the elastic moduli in each jammed phase exhibit identical scaling laws to those in the monodisperse systems.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Digital Preservation (Fairdata-PAS): Guidelines for UH Evaluators
Creators: name: Talvinen, Krister
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Background and UH Process for Digital Preservation (Fairdata-PAS) As we all know, research outputs in the form of scientific publications are very well restored and available, since there are tons of professional peer-reviewed journals for academics to publish their results. Further, more and more journals are adhering to open access policy and hence, research results are becoming publicly available. Nowadays there are also several repositories for research data. However, repositories vary in how long storing time they can guarantee for the data. Therefore, the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture has established Fairdata-PAS service for Finnish research organizations for long-time storing the nationally most significant research data (see more here: https://www.fairdata.fi/en/fairdata-pas/). Fairdata-PAS is meant for digital preservation of research data for several decades, or even centuries. Each research organization has a limited space for Fairdata-PAS preservation, and preservation also requires preparatory actions. Therefore it must be carefully considered which research data are worth long-time storing. At the University of Helsinki, the process begins when a researcher proposes a significant data for long-time, Fairdata-PAS preservation. Researchers are first instructed to be in contact with UH Data Support with an online form to evaluate the degree of data documentation. After this proposals go further to Scientific Committees of Faculties, and proposals coming e.g. from researchers of the Faculty of Arts are evaluated by the Scientific Committee of the Faculty of Arts etc. At the Committee meeting, the researcher introduces the data as well as the value of the data (10 min presentation), and a Senior Advisor from UH’s Research Administration acts as a representing officer. The Committee will make a decision on preservation (yes – no).
Fabrication of Miniaturized Variable-focus Lens Using Liquid Filling Technique
Creators: name: Yang, Hsiharng
name: Yang, Chung-Yao
name: Yeh, Mau-Shiun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a simple method for fabricating a variable-focus lens by using PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and filling with liquid for the variable-focus lens. The lens diameter of 2-mm was designed in this experiment and expected to reach the focal length in the range of 3 ~ 12 mm. The theoretical value between the liquid volume and the lens contact angle at different focal lengths were simulated and measured. The pumped-in volumes ranged from 200 to 1400 $μ$l, the contact angles ranged from 14.25 degrees to 49.02 degrees. Changing the deformation of PDMS film using different micro-fluidic volume produces the variable focal length from 4 10 mm in this experiment. The proposed method successfully fabricated a variable-focus lens. Bonding PDMS only once using no expensive instrument such as oxygen plasma was accomplished. The final objective is to insert the variable focus lens into portable optical imagery products.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Polarization dependent photoionization cross-sections and radiative lifetimes of atomic states in Ba
Creators: name: Li, C. -H.
name: Budker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photoionization cross-sections of two even-parity excited states, $5d6d ^3D_1$ and $6s7d ^3D_{2}$, of atomic Ba at the ionization-laser wavelength of 556.6 nm were measured. We found that the total cross-section depends on the relative polarization of the atoms and the ionization-laser light. With density-matrix algebra, we show that, in general, there are at most three parameters in the photoionization cross-section. Some of these parameters are determined in this work. We also present the measurement of the radiative lifetime of five even-parity excited states of barium.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Estimation of the Galaxy Quenching Rate in the Illustris Simulation
Creators: name: Wang, Yang
name: Liu, Xuan
name: Zhu, Weishan
name: Tang, Lin
name: Lin, Weipeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quenching is a key topic in exploring the formation and evolution of galaxies. In this work, we study the quenching rate, i.e., the variation in the fraction of quenched galaxies per unit time, of the Illustris-1 simulation. By building the quenched fraction function $f(m,ρ, t)$ of each snapshot in the simulation, we derive an accurate form of quenching rate as $\Re_q=df(m,ρ,t)/dt$. According to the analytic expression of the quenching rate $\Re_q$, we split it into four components: mass quenching, environmental quenching, intrinsic mass quenching and intrinsic environmental quenching. The precise value and evolutions can be given via the formula of $\Re_q$. With this method, we analyze the Illustris-1 simulation. We find that quenched galaxies concentrate around $M_*\simeq10^{11}h^{-1}M_\odot$ and $δ+1\simeq10^{3.5}$ at earlier times, and that the quenching galaxy population slowly shifts to lower stellar mass and lower overdensity regions with time. We also find that mass quenching dominates the quenching process in this simulation, in agreement with some previous analytical models. Intrinsic quenching is the second most important component. Environmental quenching is very weak, because it is possible that the pre- or postprocessing of environments disguises environmental quenching as intrinsic quenching. We find that our method roughly predict the actual quenching rate. It could well predict the actual amount of galaxies quenched by intrinsic quenching. However, it overestimates the amount of mass quenching galaxies and underestimates the amount of environmental quenching. We suggest that the reason is the nonlinearity of the environmental overdensity change and mass growth of the galaxy.
description: 28 pages, 18 figures, 1 table
Raphidioptera Navas 1916
Creators: name: Perkovsky, Evgeny E.
name: Makarkin, Vladimir N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Raphidioptera

description: Order Raphidioptera Navás, 1916  Suborder Raphidiomorpha Engel, 2002
description: Published as part of Perkovsky, Evgeny E. & Makarkin, Vladimir N., 2019, A new species of Succinoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber, with venation characteristics of the genus, pp. 570-580 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on page 571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3715838
Cassini Imaging of Saturn's Rings II: A Wavelet Technique for Analysis of Density Waves and Other Radial Structure in the Rings
Creators: name: Tiscareno, Matthew S.
name: Burns, Joseph A.
name: Nicholson, Philip D.
name: Hedman, Matthew M.
name: Porco, Carolyn C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a powerful signal processing method, the continuous wavelet transform, and use it to analyze radial structure in Cassini ISS images of Saturn's rings. Wavelet analysis locally separates signal components in frequency space, causing many structures to become evident that are difficult to observe with the naked eye. Density waves, generated at resonances with saturnian satellites orbiting outside (or within) the rings, are particularly amenable to such analysis. We identify a number of previously unobserved weak waves, and demonstrate the wavelet transform's ability to isolate multiple waves superimposed on top of one another. We also present two wave-like structures that we are unable to conclusively identify. In a multi-step semi-automated process, we recover four parameters from clearly observed weak spiral density waves: the local ring surface density, the local ring viscosity, the precise resonance location (useful for pointing images, and potentially for refining saturnian astrometry), and the wave amplitude (potentially providing new constraints upon the masses of the perturbing moons). Our derived surface densities have less scatter than previous measurements that were derived from stronger non-linear waves, and suggest a gentle linear increase in surface density from the inner to the mid-A Ring. We show that ring viscosity consistently increases from the Cassini Division outward to the Encke Gap. Meaningful upper limits on ring thickness can be placed on the Cassini Division (3.0 m at r~118,800 km, 4.5 m at r~120,700 km) and the inner A Ring (10 to 15 m for r<127,000 km).
description: 43 pages, 21 figures; To appear in Icarus