Oioceros atropatenes Rodler & Weithofer 1890
Creators: name: Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie
name: Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar
name: Zhang, Zhaoqun
name: Watabe, Mahito
name: Kaakinen, Anu
name: Fortelius, Mikael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Oioceros
Oioceros atropatenes

description: Oioceros atropatenes Rodler & Weithofer, 1890 (Fig. 7E, F)
LOCALITY. — Quarry 1, Ivand district, north of Tabriz, Iran.
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Left horn-core (HMNH-IV 200; Fig. 7E, F), right mandible with p4-m3 (HMNH-IV 67; Table 3), right mandible with broken m2 and complete m3 (HMNH-IV 69; Table 3).
DESCRIPTION
The horn-core specimen is partly broken at the base and the tip. The antero-posterior diameter cannot be measured precisely due to the basal missing part on both the anterior and posterior sides. However, we estimate that it exceeds 17 mm. The medio-
A M1 M2 M3 M4 M6 M7 M14 M15 M23 M25 M30 M31 M32 M33 lateral diameter is 17.4 mm. The DAP and DT at 5 cm above the base are 12.7 mm and 10.9 mm, respectively. The total preserved length is 75 mm from the pedicle. By the preserved part of the orbit and remnant of the frontal, the horn-core is located above the posterior part of the orbit, tilted slightly backwards with a weak curvature. The horn-core is slender with a roughly oval cross section. The antero-posterior and transverse diameters diminish slowly from the base upwards. There are two weak keels, one starting from the antero-lateral side, and the other from the postero-lateral side. These two keels enclose a slightly convex outer surface and a more rounded inner surface. The keels spiral clock- wise roughly one gyre from the base to the tip by estimation. There is also a postcornual fossa.
p4 is long and narrow. The paraconid is not separated from the parastylid. The anterior valley is wide. The metaconid is situated posterior to the protoconid. The entoconid is close to the entostylid. A wide and shallow valley separates the protoconid from the hypoconid.m1 is well worn. The parastylid is developed, and well separated from the metaconid. There is no goat fold, thus rendering the anterior border much narrower. The lingual wall is flat with weak metastylids. The entostylid is larger. There is a large basal pillar between the protoconid and the metaconid. m2 is very similar in morphology to m1, except for its larger, more convex lingual wall, and lower basal pillar. The parastylid on m3 is more pronounced and well separated from the metaconid. The basal pillar is small and low. The hypoconulid is large and postero-labially offset.
COMPARISON
Based on the small size, insertion above the posterior part of orbit, the clockwise torsion on the left horn-core from the base, and two keels, the horn-core IV200 from Ivand locality can readily be assigned to the genus Oioceros (type species Antelope rothii Wagner, 1857 from Pikermi, Greece) (Gaillard 1902). Since then, numerous species were included or assigned to this genus. De Mecquenem (1924) recognized three species from Maragheh: O. rothii (Wagner, 1857), O. atropatenes and O. boulei Mecquenem, 1924. Heintz (1963) synonymized O. boulei with O. atropatenes based on his detailed description and comparison. Roussiakis (2003) recently described in detail an almost complete skull with mandibles of Oioceros rothii from Pikermi and reviewed the generic status. Besides the type species, he listed only Oioceros atropatenes in the genus. The present specimen is smaller and less laterally compressed than Oioceros rothii from Pikermi. The main keel is much weaker and the upper part of the horn-core diverges less. The size falls into the variation of Oioceros atropatenes from Maragheh, Iran (Heintz 1963). The morphology of the horn-core is also consistent with those from Maragheh. Hence, the horn-core specimen can be assigned to Oioceros atropatenes.
description: Published as part of Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie, Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar, Zhang, Zhaoqun, Watabe, Mahito, Kaakinen, Anu & Fortelius, Mikael, 2011, Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran), pp. 709-728 in Geodiversitas 33 (4) on pages 718-720, DOI: 10.5252/g2011n4a7, http://zenodo.org/record/4597129