cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigating associations between COVID-19 mortality and population-level health and socioeconomic indicators in the United States: A modeling study
Creators: Kandula, Sasikiran
Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)
Vaccines
Public health

description: Background: With the availability of multiple Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the predicted shortages in supply for the near future, it is necessary to allocate vaccines in a manner that minimizes severe outcomes, particularly deaths. To date, vaccination strategies in the United States have focused on individual characteristics such as age and occupation. Here, we assess the utility of population-level health and socioeconomic indicators as additional criteria for geographical allocation of vaccines. Methods and findings: County-level estimates of 14 indicators associated with COVID-19 mortality were extracted from public data sources. Effect estimates of the individual indicators were calculated with univariate models. Presence of spatial autocorrelation was established using Moran's I statistic. Spatial simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models that account for spatial autocorrelation in response and predictors were used to assess (i) the proportion of variance in county-level COVID-19 mortality that can explained by identified health/socioeconomic indicators (R2); and (ii) effect estimates of each predictor. Adjusting for case rates, the selected indicators individually explain 24%-29% of the variability in mortality. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and proportion of population residing in nursing homes have the highest R2. Mortality is estimated to increase by 43 per thousand residents (95% CI: 37-49; p < 0.001) with a 1% increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and by 39 deaths per thousand (95% CI: 34-44; p < 0.001) with 1% increase in population living in nursing homes. SAR models using multiple health/socioeconomic indicators explain 43% of the variability in COVID-19 mortality in US counties, adjusting for case rates. R2 was found to be not sensitive to the choice of SAR model form. Study limitations include the use of mortality rates that are not age standardized, a spatial adjacency matrix that does not capture human flows among counties, and insufficient accounting for interaction among predictors. Conclusions: Significant spatial autocorrelation exists in COVID-19 mortality in the US, and population health/socioeconomic indicators account for a considerable variability in county-level mortality. In the context of vaccine rollout in the US and globally, national and subnational estimates of burden of disease could inform optimal geographical allocation of vaccines.
Oxidation of 1-chloropyrene by human CYP1 family and CYP2A subfamily cytochrome P450 enzymes: catalytic roles of two CYP1B1 and five CYP2A13 allelic variants
Creators: name: Shimada, Tsutomu
name: Murayama, Norie
name: Kakimoto, Kensaku
name: Takenaka, Shigeo
name: Lim, Young-Ran
name: Yeom, Sora
name: Donghak Kim
name: Yamazaki, Hiroshi
name: F. Peter Guengerich
name: Komori, Masayuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: 1. 1-Chloropyrene, one of the major chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants, was incubated with human cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes including CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2A13, 2B6, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4 and 3A5. Catalytic differences in 1-chloropyrene oxidation by polymorphic two CYP1B1 and five CYP2A13 allelic variants were also examined. 2. CYP1A1 oxidized 1-chloropyrene at the 6- and 8-positions more actively than at the 3-position, while both CYP1B1.1 and 1B1.3 preferentially catalyzed 6-hydroxylation. 3. Five CYP2A13 allelic variants oxidized 8-hydroxylation much more than 6- and 3-hydroxylation, and the variant CYP2A13.3 was found to slowly catalyze these reactions with a lower kcat value than other CYP2A13.1 variants. 4. CYP2A6 catalyzed 1-chloropyrene 6-hydroxylation at a higher rate than the CYP2A13 enzymes, but the rate was lower than the CYP1A1 and 1B1 variants. Other human P450 enzymes had low activities towards 1-chloropyrene. 5. Molecular docking analysis suggested differences in the interaction of 1-chloropyrene with active sites of CYP1 and 2 A enzymes. In addition, a naturally occurring Thr134 insertion in CYP2A13.3 was found to affect the orientation of Asn297 in the I-helix in interacting with 1-chloropyrene (and also 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, NNK) and caused changes in the active site of CYP2A13.3 as compared with CYP2A13.1.
Invisible Law, Visible
Creators: Landow, Kai
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Indigenous peoples--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Sovereignty
subject: Indigenous peoples--Civil rights
subject: Human rights
subject: Indians
subject: Indians of North America
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Come on a journey with me; put aside prejudices that Original Peoples have had to contend with from other cultures, and strip away the layers of descriptions projected upon Original Peoples, and especially those self-descriptions misapplied to their own identities, communities and fundamental understandings of their arrival in this “distant land of laws,” known by its foreign control. Ask yourselves about the “Fundamental” law that governs how we have all come to understand our “rights.” What governs the responsibilities we have to each other, our environment and our inherent right to continue our traditions that has preserved peoples for thousands of years? This is not a debate between imperialism and its colonial practices; rather it is a debate between free minds and colonized minds. Original Peoples have lived under the assumption that their prison door is forever locked, I challenge that status by declaring that Original Peoples have the key to open the prison door which separates them from their traditional laws, rights, and freedom.
EMISSION INVENTORY OF TSP, SOx, NOx AND CO2 IN AN INDUSTRIAL AREA OF NIGER-DELTA, NIGERIA
Creators: name: Ezeh, Godwin
name: Joshua, Oluwasesan
name: Fasiyan, Abiodun
name: Oluwole, Francis
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: anthropogenic; emission; inventory; industrial; pollution; toxic

description: The developments of reliable anthropogenic emission inventories are essential for the understanding of air pollution sources and designing effective air pollution control measures in rural and urban areas. In this study, emission inventory of total suspended particulate (TSP), SOx, NOx and CO2 were investigated within the neighborhoods of an industrial area in Niger-Delta region of Nigeria with the aim of determining the source strengths. The activity data were sourced from the data bases of the major sources (industrial, residential, road transport and electricity generators) as well as from structured questionnaire to reduce uncertainties related to activity data and technology mix. Results revealed that the total emissions in the transport were 2597512 (CO2), 36225 (SOx), 25071 (NOx) and 6551 kg /day (TSP) while industrial sector contributed 217698 (CO2), 30856 (NOx), 8727 (SOx) and 5549 (TSP) kg /day. The residential sector stood at 9617 (CO2), 8975 (NOx), 1202 (TSP) and 16 kg/day while total emissions from electricity generators had 9617 (CO2), 8976 (NOx), 16 (SOx) and 1202 kg/day (TSP). Overall, road transport is the largest contributor of emissions of TSP (44 %), SOx (78 %) and CO2 (90 %) while industrial emissions are the largest contributor of NOx (43 %). Based on the land area of the study site, the total emission rate estimates were: 0.57, 1.80, 2.76, and 110.30 tons / km2, for total suspended particulate, SOx, NOx and CO2 respectively. Results could provide an input to the national emissions data system being proposed as cost-effectiveness analysis tool for the control of these toxic gaseous air pollutants.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 36 (2020)
The Influence of Stream Corridor Parameters on Fish Species Richness in the Clearwater River, Id, USA
Creators: name: Bdour, Ahmed N.
name: Tarawneh Ezeh, Ziyad S.
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: Watershed wide parameters; stream corridor parameters; Fish Indicators; factor and redundancy statistical analysis; South Fork Clearwater

description: This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis performed at the micro scale (stream corridor) level in the South Fork of the Clearwater River (SFCR) watershed, which is located in North central Idaho. Using multivariate techniques along with factor analysis, relationships between Fish Indicators and man-made disturbances, watershed landscape, water discharge and geometry, channel morphology, river water depth, and temperature were established. At the micro scale level, this analysis was performed for 4 tributaries of the SFCR, namely, Newsome, Crooked, American, and Red River, where a significant amount of recent data existed. Results show that data at the micro scale level were more important for establishing quantitative relations between sediment and channel morphology parameters with Fish Indicators than at the watershed wide level. The findings of this investigation clearly illustrates that micro scale analyses should be considered in modeling habitat restoration techniques. It allows the development of more refined relationships between Fish Indicators and stream corridor parameters occurring at different life stages of fish populations
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 36 (2020)
Municipal solid waste dumping and its impact on soil quality in Karachi
Creators: name: Jilani, Seema
name: Rashid, Rubab
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: Municipal Solid Waste; Biodegradable Waste; Dumpsites; Soil; Heavy Metals

description: In this study, the surface soil samples (n=12) were randomly collected from both the waste dump and the non dumpsites (control). The characterization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) at dumpsites indicated a significant higher proportion of biodegradable waste (71%). Hence, the analysis of soil samples showed a high pH, TDS, EC, volatile solids and organic carbon in comparison to control sites. Similarly, the increased concentration of heavy metals was observed. Overall, the mean metal concentrations at dumpsites soil were in the following descending order: Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. Except for lead, the analyzed metals concentration was found below the permissible limits. However, on comparison with control sites, the trend indicated the likely increase in pollutant concentration. The study therefore concluded that MSW dumping has not only altered the soil color and texture, but also has changed the physico-chemical constituents. These findings might help in proper management of municipal solid waste in Karachi.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 36 (2020)
BadNL: Backdoor Attacks against NLP Models with Semantic-preserving Improvements
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaoyi
name: Salem, Ahmed
name: Chen, Dingfan
name: Backes, Michael
name: Ma, Shiqing
name: Shen, Qingni
name: Wu, Zhonghai
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Deep neural network (DNN) has progressed rapidly during the past decade and DNN models have been deployed in various real-world applications. Meanwhile, DNN models have been shown to be vulnerable to security and privacy attacks. One such attack that has attracted a great deal of attention recently is the backdoor attack. Specifically, the adversary poisons the target model's training set to mislead any input with an added secret trigger to a target class.

In this paper, we perform a systematic investigation of the backdoor attack on NLP models, and propose BadNL, a general NLP backdoor attack framework including novel attack methods which are highly effective, preserve model utility, and guarantee stealthiness. Specifically, we propose three methods to construct triggers, namely BadChar, BadWord, and BadSentence, including basic and semantic-preserving variants.

Our attacks achieve an almost perfect attack success rate with a negligible effect on the original model's utility. For instance, using the BadChar, our backdoor attack achieves a 98.9% attack success rate with yielding a utility improvement of 1.5% on the SST-5 dataset when only poisoning 3% of the original set.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION KINETICS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN DIFFERENT pH WATERS USING METAL-DOPED METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Creators: name: Nageswara Rao, Tentu
name: Hussain, Imad
name: Riyazuddin,
name: Shafique Anwar, Mohammed
name: Koo, Bon Heun
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: Fe doped TiO2; Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl; HPLC-UV; FT-IR; Herbicide; SEM

description: We report the dissipation behavior of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl under direct sunlight using iron-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (FeTiO2) as a catalyst. The test was carried out by reinforcement three varying aqueous pH solutions with pH~4.0,7.0 and 9.0 to make the homogeneous concentrations of T0 – untreated control, T1 – pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 70% WG @ 1 mg/L of pH water and T2 – pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 70% WG @ 2 mg/L of pH water. The fortified test samples were exposed to sunlight. The sampling occasions were 0, 1, 5, 10, 24, 48, 72 and 96th hours for all three different aqueous solutions having pH ~ 4.0 (acidic water), 7.0 (neutral water) and 9.0 (basic water). The acquired samples were quantified using validated high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection technique. The pyrazosulfuron-ethyl half-life (DT50) was calculated from the dissipation results by regression equation. The FeTiO2 nanoparticles were determined to be a wonderful decontaminating catalyst for pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in various water samples.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 36 (2020)
Factors that affect land values and the development of land value maps for strengthening policy making in Vietnam: The case study of non-agricultural land in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam
Creators: name: Chinh, Nguyen The
name: Son, Nguyen Phi
name: Manh, Lai Van
name: Thuy, Nguyen Thanh
name: Vu, To Ngoc
name: Hanh, Nguyen Trong
name: Linh, Le Phuong
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: land value; value zone map; non-agricultural land; Quang Ninh province

description: This study is a part of the outcomes of Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology’s project on “Establishing the evaluation method and the process of transferring values of natural resources into the national account system in Vietnam (Climate Change code 14/16-20). The overall objectives of the study are: re-systemizing the classical and modern theories as well as identifying the factors affecting the land values in Vietnam; developing procedures and methods of mapping suitable land value areas in order to support the Government in policy making and regulating land use rights market in Vietnam. The results have classified three groups of factors that have impacts on land values in Vietnam. In particular, based on the successful test results in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, the research team discussed issues relating to land management institutions, issues of prices, land values in the context of applying the universal ownership regime to land and developing a socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam. These results show that “the use of value theory and the development of land value maps helps the Government effectively manage and regulate land use rights market in Vietnam.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 36 (2020)
Job lock, retirement, and dependent health insurance: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Creators: Shi, Maggie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Health insurance--Economic aspects
Medical economics
Retirement

description: The 2010 Affordable Care Act expanded health insurance coverage to depen- dents up to age 26, allowing some parents to add adult children to their employer- sponsored plans. I leverage this policy to understand the role adult children play in their parents’ labor supply, and consider a potential spillover of the dependent mandate policy to parents: did parents delay retirement to take advantage of the policy? I find that among parents aged 55-66, affected parents’ retirement rate fell by 3.8 percentage points after policy enactment, causing them to delay retirement by 0.74 years on average. An estimated 290,000 parents delayed retirement in order to obtain coverage for their children.
Evaluation of endocrine disruptors in the environment of Eket Metropolis in Nigeria: an insight into public health and risk assessment
Creators: name: Okpashi, Victor Eshu
name: Offiong, Agnes Edet Asuquo
name: Efut, Etim Nkanu
name: Ogre, Ogre Gabriel
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: endocrine disruptors; risk; monitoring; aquatic pollution; hazard

description: The adverse effect of some environmental contaminants on the endocrine system was investigated using the Risk Analysis Framework. The aim was to ascertain the level of EDCs in fish species and potable water. The research employed ecological examination approach. The samples from the environmental media with serious threat and links to humans and animals exposed to endocrine disruptors were water and fish. Twelve boreholes water samples were disproportionately and purposefully collected, while another twelve water samples were collected from Qua Iboe River one kilometer stretched forth. Also, six species of fresh fish including - Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulates), Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), African red snapper (Lutjanus agennes), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Yellowtail (Seriola lalandi), and Great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) were used. Both the water and fish samples were screened for endocrine disrupting substances with gas chromatography linking mass spectroscopy. The analysis (results) detected 8% phenol dichloro-4-nitro-, 1, 3, 5-Triazine, and 3% Triazine 2-chloro-4-, 6-bis-methylthio, octadecenamide in borehole water. Butyl ethyl, hexyl phthalate, indolizine 6%, 4-methyl phenyl, cyclohexane, 3-dione 27%, 2-allylamine methylene 5, 5-hydroxyphenyl 8%, and menazon 17% were discovered in all the species of fish. Phthalate, butyl undecyl esters, 2-ethyl hexyl was 4%, and 7% of isohexyl propyl in Qua Iboe River. The results call for the attention of the regulatory body to put in place measures that will stem the impending disaster this may create in the reproductive capacity of the exposed population.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 37 (2020)
Assessment of naturally occurring 40K, 232Th and 238U and their associated radiological hazard indices in soils used for building in Ondo West Local Government Area, Southwestern, Nigeria
Creators: name: Ogundele, Lasun T.
name: Ayeku, Patrick O.
name: Inuyomi, Samuel O.
name: Ogunsakin, Oluwakunle M.
name: Oladejo, Olubusayo F.
name: Adejoro, Isaiah A.
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: Natural Radionuclide; Soil; Exposure; Radiological indices

description: The naturally occurring 40K, 232Th and 238U radionuclide contents in the soil used as building materials in Ondo West Local Government, Southwest Nigeria were determined using gamma spectrometric technique. The radiological hazards were estimated by employing several indices consisting of radium equivalent (Raeq), representative level index (RLI), activity utilization index (AUI), absorbed dose (D), annual effective dose, external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin) and gamma index (Iᵧ). The average activity concentrations of 238U, 40K, 232Th and Raeq were 171.8, 146.2, 19.8 and 211. 3 Bqkg-1 while the average values of Hin, Hex, RLI, D, AED, ELCR, AUI and Iᵧ were, 1.0, 0.6, 0.2, 97.4, 0.5, 3.9 x 10-3, 1.8 and 0.7, respectively. The multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify the relationships between the radionuclides and the estimated radiological hazard parameters. The estimated radiological indices were within the internationally acceptable limits confirming the safe use of these soil for building construction for human dwelling without any radiological implications.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 37 (2020)
Mass spectrometry-based analysis of murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following respiratory exposure to 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate aerosol
Creators: name: Hettick, Justin M.
name: Law, Brandon F.
name: Chen-Chung Lin
name: Wisnewski, Adam V.
name: Siegel, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: 1. Diisocyanates are highly reactive electrophiles utilized in the manufacture of a wide range of polyurethane products and have been identified as causative agents of occupational allergic respiratory disease. However, in spite of the significant occupational health burden associated with diisocyanate-induced asthma, the mechanism of disease pathogenesis remains largely unknown. 2. To better understand the fate of inhaled diisocyanates, a nose-only aerosol exposure system was constructed and utilized to expose a BALB/c mouse model to an aerosol generated from 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were evaluated 4 and 24 h post-exposure for evidence of diisocyanate-protein haptenation, and a label-free quantitative proteomics strategy was employed to evaluate relative changes to the protein content of the cellular fraction of the lavage fluid. 3. Following MDI aerosol exposure, expression of the number of proteins with immunological or xenobiotic metabolism relevance is increased, including endoplasmin, cytochrome P450 and argininosuccinate synthase. Western blot analysis indicated MDI-conjugated protein in the lavage fluid, which was identified as serum albumin. 4. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of MDI-albumin revealed MDI conjugation occurs at a dilysine motif at Lys525, as well as at a glutamine-lysine motif at Lys414, in good agreement with previously published in vitro data on diisocyanate-conjugated serum albumin.
Job Lock, Retirement, and Dependent Health Insurance: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Creators: Shi, Maggie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Economics
Health insurance--Economic aspects
Medical economics
Retirement

description: The 2010 Affordable Care Act introduced a mandate expanding dependent health insurance coverage to young adults up to age 26. I explore whether this expansion induced job lock for parents of eligible young adults, since many parents’ health insurance is tied to employment. Using a difference-in-difference strategy comparing parents of children above and below the age cutoff, I find that the mandate reduced parents’ retirement rate by 2.9 percentage points, causing them to delay retirement up to 1.7 years. Early retirees are very responsive, as well as individuals with Social Security eligible spouses, suggesting the mandate interacted with Social Security.
ИННОВАЦИИ В ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПИТАНИЯ: ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И ПРЕПЯТСТВИЯ
Creators: name: Курбанова, Малика
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В данной статье исследуется диагностика препятствий, препятствующих или препятствующих внедрению инноваций и преимуществ их внедрения в повышении качества услуг общественного питания в сфере туризма и гостиниц.
Influence of wastewater irrigation on soil chemical properties and buildup of heavy metals in soil
Creators: name: Kalsom, Amina
name: Kareem, Abdul
name: Aslam, Ana
name: Niaz, Abid
name: Mukhtar, Nisa
name: Sattar, Aamer
name: Naz, Raheela
name: Naz, Asifa
name: Rasheed, Farah
name: Rasheed, Irfan
name: Sultana, Sadia
name: Aftab, Muhammad
name: Haq, Ehsan Ul
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019
Subjects: Soil contamination; Heavy metals; Chemical characteristics; Effluents

description: The contamination of soil and plants by heavy metals is one of the crucial issues to be faced in the world including Pakistan and requires attention because heavy metals above their normal ranges are highly threatened to both plants and animals. To monitor this situation, a survey study was conducted to diagnose the concentration of toxic metals and other chemical properties of wastewater irrigated soils. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from various districts of Punjab, Pakistan and analyzed for heavy metals (cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel) and chemical properties such as electric conductivity, pH, organic matter and macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sodium contents). Result showed that pH of wastewater irrigated surface soil was alkaline in nature. Results also revealed that use of wastewater irrigation improved the O.M content (upto 2%) in soils. Macronutrient dynamics also increased specially build up in total N up to 0.12%, Olsen P (45 mg kg-1), Extractable K and Na (608, 1525 mg kg-1 respectively) was also observed in soils of wastewater irrigated areas. Furthermore, results also indicated that the concentration of heavy metal, cadmium was ranged from 0.004-3.44 mg kg-1, lead 0.05-279.3 mg kg-1, chromium 0.004-683 mg kg-1 and nickel 0.01-221.7 mg kg-1 in wastewater irrigated areas of Punjab. It was observed that, 28, 19, 15 and 5% samples were found above the permissible limits (35, 100, 0.8 and 85 mg kg-1) of Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb, respectively. Based on the results, the order of heavy metal contamination in the wastewater irrigated soil of Punjab occurred as Ni>Cr>Cd>Pb. This study concluded that untreated wastewater affect chemical properties of soil as well as degrades soil quality and at the same time it’s continues use ultimately responsible for buildup of heavy metals in soils.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 37 (2020)
Oxidation of 1-chloropyrene by human CYP1 family and CYP2A subfamily cytochrome P450 enzymes: catalytic roles of two CYP1B1 and five CYP2A13 allelic variants
Creators: name: Shimada, Tsutomu
name: Murayama, Norie
name: Kakimoto, Kensaku
name: Takenaka, Shigeo
name: Lim, Young-Ran
name: Yeom, Sora
name: Donghak Kim
name: Yamazaki, Hiroshi
name: F. Peter Guengerich
name: Komori, Masayuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: 1. 1-Chloropyrene, one of the major chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants, was incubated with human cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes including CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2A13, 2B6, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4 and 3A5. Catalytic differences in 1-chloropyrene oxidation by polymorphic two CYP1B1 and five CYP2A13 allelic variants were also examined. 2. CYP1A1 oxidized 1-chloropyrene at the 6- and 8-positions more actively than at the 3-position, while both CYP1B1.1 and 1B1.3 preferentially catalyzed 6-hydroxylation. 3. Five CYP2A13 allelic variants oxidized 8-hydroxylation much more than 6- and 3-hydroxylation, and the variant CYP2A13.3 was found to slowly catalyze these reactions with a lower kcat value than other CYP2A13.1 variants. 4. CYP2A6 catalyzed 1-chloropyrene 6-hydroxylation at a higher rate than the CYP2A13 enzymes, but the rate was lower than the CYP1A1 and 1B1 variants. Other human P450 enzymes had low activities towards 1-chloropyrene. 5. Molecular docking analysis suggested differences in the interaction of 1-chloropyrene with active sites of CYP1 and 2 A enzymes. In addition, a naturally occurring Thr134 insertion in CYP2A13.3 was found to affect the orientation of Asn297 in the I-helix in interacting with 1-chloropyrene (and also 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, NNK) and caused changes in the active site of CYP2A13.3 as compared with CYP2A13.1.
Status of CO as an air pollutant and its prediction using meteorological parameters in Tehran, Iran
Creators: name: Masoudi, Masoud
name: Sakhaei, Mohammad
name: Behzadi, Farshad
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019

description: In the present study air quality analyses for Carbon monoxide (CO), were conducted in Tehran, Capital of Iran. The measurements were taken in four different locations to prepare average data in the city. The average concentrations were calculated for every 24 hours, each month and each season. Results showed that the highest concentration of CO occurs generally in the morning and beginning of night while the least concentration was found at the afternoon and early morning. Monthly concentrations of CO showed the highest value in January while least value was found in July. The seasonal concentrations showed the least amounts in summer while the highest amounts in autumn. Relations between the air pollutant and some meteorological parameters were calculated statistically using the daily average data. The wind data (velocity, direction), relative humidity, temperature, sunshine periods, dew point and rainfall were considered as independent variables. The relationships between concentration of pollutant and meteorological parameters were expressed by multiple linear and nonlinear regression equations for both annual and seasonal conditions using SPSS software. RMSE test showed that among different prediction models, stepwise model is the best option.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 37 (2020)
Leveraging Paraguay’s Hydropower for Sustainable Economic Development
Creators: Toledano, Perrine
Maennling, Nicolas Wolfram
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Economic development
subject: Water-power--Economic aspects
subject: Hydroelectric power plants
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Sustainability
subject: Water resources development--Management

description: While internationally Paraguay is known for being the largest hydropower exporter in the world, the domestic economy suffers from regular outages and high system losses. The country is largely dependent on agricultural production, which has led to volatile economic performances in the past resulting from climatic circumstances and commodity price fluctuations. To address these two key policy challenges, the Government of Paraguay has approached  the Earth Institute to: 1) explore the potential of a climate risk management system and sustainable agriculture activities to mitigate environmental vulnerability and 2) develop a high-level strategic plan to use Paraguay’s vast hydropower resources for sustainable economic development and the diversification of its economy.

Together with the Center on Globalization and Sustainable Development, CCSI has drafted a report on “Leveraging Paraguay’s Hydropower for Sustainable Economic Development.” The report (traducción inofficial en español):
outlines the current challenges faced by the electricity sector and recommends how these could be addressed, provides suggestions for how Paraguay could use its excess electricity to diversify its economy and reduce its fossil fuel dependency, and
analyzes past revenue streams from electricity exports, suggests ways to maximising future export revenues and provides management system tools that could be considered to allocate these revenues efficiently in the future.
title: Synthesis and Characterization of Naphthalenediimide-Functionalized Flavin Derivatives
Creators: name: Zainalabdeen, Nada
name: Fitzpatrick, Brian
name: Kareem, Mohanad Mousa
name: Nandwana, Vikas
name: Cooke, Graeme
name: Rotello, Vincent M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: flavin
subject: naphthalenediimide
subject: redox
subject: optical

description: Two acceptor–acceptor dyads have been synthesized featuring a flavin moiety and a naphthalenediimide (NDI) unit. The NDI unit is linked to the flavin through a short spacer group via either the N(3) or N(10) positions of the flavin. We have investigated the UV-Vis and redox properties of these multi-electron accepting systems which indicate that these materials display the collective properties of their component systems. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements have revealed that their emission properties are dominated by the flavin unit.
Evaluation of Physico-chemical water quality treatment efficiency: A Case study of Jambussi Water Headworks in the Upper West Region of Ghana
Creators: name: Mensah, Napoleon Jackson
name: Amankwah, Emmanuel
name: Atta-Darkwa, Thomas
name: Sebiawu, Godfred Etsey
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2019

description: Water is very important for the sustenance of life and has no substitute and therefore its quality cannot be compromised. This research is to examine the treatment efficiency and the physicochemical quality of drinking water from the Jambussi water headworks from the raw water source to the final consumer at the tap to establish the quality of the water being treated for drinking in the Wa West District and the Wa Municipality, Upper West Region of Ghana. Samples of water were taken from four stages of the treatment processes during the dry season (February-March) and at the onset of the rains in (May-June) 2019. 1.5L bottles properly rinsed, sterilized and labelled were used to take the samples at each point of the process. The samples were then stored in cold ice chest containing ice cubes and transported to the laboratory for analysis within 24 hours. The parameters considered were Temperature, pH, Total Hardness, Ca and Mg Hardness, Manganese, Alkalinity, Turbidity, Colour, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, F-,Cu2+, K+, Al3+, SO42 and S-. The results showed that all the parameters analyzed including metals recorded were all below the WHO standards for drinking water at different stages of treatment to the final consumer. Some of the parameters were above the WHO standards at the raw water stage but fall within the standards after treatment. The efficiency of the system was observed to be very good and the quality of the water produced also meets the WHO standards for drinking and other purposes. The research was concluded with recommendations to improve and maintain the water quality for drinking including further research to examine the quality of water produced at other water treatment facilities across the country.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 37 (2020)
Impact of iron deficiency on exercise capacity and outcome in heart failure with reduced, mid-range and preserved ejection fraction
Creators: name: Martens, Pieter
name: Nijst, Petra
name: Verbrugge, Frederik H.
name: Smeets, Kevin
name: Dupont, Matthias
name: Mullens, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: Little information is available about the prevalence and impact on exercise capacity and outcome of iron deficiency in heart failure with mid-range (HFmrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction in comparison to heart failure with reduced ejection-fraction (HFrEF). Furthermore, no data is available about the progression of ID in patients without baseline anaemia. Methods: We evaluated baseline iron and haemoglobin-status in a single-centre, prospective heart failure database. Baseline functional status, VO2max, echocardiography and clinical-outcome (all-cause mortality and heart failure admissions) were evaluated. ID, anaemia, HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF were defined according to established criteria. Results: A total of 1197 patients (71% male) were evaluated (HFrEF, n = 897; HFmrEF, n = 229; HFpEF, n = 72). The overall prevalence of ID was 53% (50% in HFrEF; 61% in HFmrEF; 64% in HFpEF) and 36% for anaemia. ID was associated with a lower VO2max in patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF (p 2max than anaemia status (p p = .046) than patients without progression. Conclusions: Iron deficiency is common in patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF, and negatively affects VO2max and clinical-outcome. Progression of iron deficiency parallels an increased risk for worsening of heart failure.
Supplementary Methods, Tables, and Figures from Experimental constraints on dynamic fragmentation as a dissipative process during seismic slip
Creators: name: Barber, Troy
name: W. Ashley Griffith
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: 40313 Tectonics

description: Word document containing supplementary methods (SHPB, BET SSA, SEM), tables (summary of mechanical results, summary of BET and PSD results) and figures (SHPB, Fractal dimension, stress-strain curves with sample IDs)
Table S2 from Identifying climate drivers of infectious disease dynamics: recent advances, and challenges ahead
Creators: name: C. Jessica E. Metcalf
name: Walter, Katharine S.
name: Wesolowski, Amy
name: Buckee, Caroline O.
name: Shevliakova, Elena
name: Tatem, Andrew J.
name: Boos, William R.
name: Weinberger, Daniel M.
name: Pitzer, Virginia E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Extension of Table S1 for considerations for refugees
Concentrations, source identification and human health risk of heavy metals in the road dust collected from busy junctions in Osogbo Southwest, Nigeria
Creators: name: Tunde, Ogundele Lasun
name: Felix, Oladejo O.
name: Caleb, Akinola A
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2020
Subjects: Traffic; Road dust; Exposure; Health risks

description: The study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in the road dust samples collected in some selected busy traffic junction in Osogbo, southwest, Nigeria. This was to identifying the sources of heavy as well as the evaluating the associated human health risks. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined by employing Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The sources were identified using non-negative constraint Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model and the health implication were assessed using risk indices consist of average daily doses via: dermal, inhalation and ingestion; Hazard Quotient (HQ); hazard index (HI); and lifetime average daily dose (LADD). The total average concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Co were 5030.0, 80.52, 15.14, 49.0, 6.81, 2.80, 1.77, 1.31, 1.98 µg/g, respectively and they were few order higher than their values in the local background site. The inhalation appeared to be the major exposure pathway of heavy metals in the road dust to the adults and children followed by dermal contact and ingestion. The sequences of HQ values are Cd < Ni < Zn < C u < Pb < Cr and Cu < Cd < Pb < Cr < Ni < Zn for adults and children. The HI values for the adults and children are 0.2 and 0.5, showing that any of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni will unlikely cause negative human health effect through multiple exposure routes. The cumulative value of LADD for Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni is 1.70 x 10−5 which falls within the acceptable limit value of 10−4 to 10−6. The four main sources resolved by PMF and their relative contributions were vehicular components wear (36 %), fuel and lubricating oil (30 %), tyre particles wear (23 %), and battery corrosion and leakage (11 %).
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 38 (2020)
Spatial variability and temporal evolution of dissolved trace elements in the waters of the Venice Lagoon (Italy)
Creators: name: Berti, Massimo
name: Bertini, Sebastiano
name: Carrer, Claudio
name: Sorrentino, Francesco
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2020
Subjects: temporal trends; trace elements; Venice Lagoon

description: A comprehensive dataset on dissolved trace element concentrations spanning a decade (2008-2017), collected during monitoring campaigns, is the result of an investigation meant to evaluate spatial variability and temporal evolution in the Venice Lagoon waters. The concentration levels at the different sites unfold that the lagoon is not homogeneous but a system of various parts having different characteristics affected by various pollutant sources, meanwhile the analysis for trend performed both at each site and at the entire lagoon as a whole revealed that arsenic and heavy metals showed little variations or decreasing trends, with the exception of iron that may have had an overall increase in concentrations.
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 38 (2020)
Theorizing Building Technology in Environmental Architecture: Towards Adaptive Methodology
Creators: name: Yousef Mohamed, Abeer Samy
Publisher: name: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality
Year: 2020
Subjects: Building Technology; Ecological System; Design Process; Environmental Design

description: Across successive Eras, Architectural thought was continuously trying to conform with the development of available technological tools related to the field of modern building technology and trying to apply it in order to shape differing building patterns. In the beginning of the third millennium, Architecture combined with information and digital revolution, especially after applying technological tools for technical building operations and manufacturing modern building materials through appropriation with design requirements and the application of Ecological, Green, and sustainable Architecture concepts. In accordance with environmental vision, this paper discusses global changes in architecture through deductive and analytical study to the importance of environmental design and nature conservation for supporting scientific invention, new fabricated materials and building technologies, which will provide a modern environmental language for Architecture and Urbanism with their own criteria. According to this vision, this paper introduces a new Approach of environmentally Adapted Architecture with Creative Structural Systems Thinking, (Innovative Thought Methodology).
description: EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 38 (2020)
Low-Pressure Systems and Extreme Precipitation in Southeast and East Asian Monsoon Regions
Creators: You, Yujia
Ting, Mingfang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cyclones
Climatic extremes
Monsoons
Rain and rainfall

description: Understanding the physical mechanisms behind the secular trends of summer rainfall extremes over the heavily populated Southeast and East Asian monsoon regions is not only of scientific importance but also of considerable socioeconomic implications. In this study, the relevance of the excessive-rain-producing low pressure systems (LPSs) to extreme rainfall is quantified. Using an objective feature-tracking algorithm, the synoptic-scale LPSs are identified and tracked in the 40-yr ECMWF interim reanalysis. The region experiences approximately 16 terrestrial and 18 marine LPSs each summer. The terrestrial LPSs form near the downwind side of the Tibetan Plateau and travel northeastward toward jet latitudes. The marine LPSs form over the western North Pacific Ocean and migrate along the western periphery of the subtropical high. While both types of LPSs account for a large portion of upper-tail rainfall, the terrestrial LPSs predominantly impact the extreme rainfall over inland areas, and the marine LPSs primarily affect the coastal regions where they frequently make landfall. The historical extreme rainfall trend during 1979–2018 aligns with the changes in LPS tracks. The decreasing number of northeastward-moving terrestrial LPSs leads to an extreme rainfall dipole with negative trends in north-central China and positive trends in southern China, while the increasing number of northward-recurving marine LPSs enhances the extreme rainfall in the eastern China coast but suppresses it over the South China Sea. These trends are driven dynamically by the weakening of the monsoonal southwesterlies and the eastward retreat of the subtropical high, which might be attributable to anthropogenic forcings.
Model Code and Output from Is behavioural plasticity consistent across different environmental gradients and through time?
Creators: name: Mitchell, David J.
name: Biro, Peter A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Despite accumulating evidence for individual variation in behavioural plasticity, there is currently little understanding of the causes and consequences of this variation. An outstanding question is whether individual reaction norm (RN) slopes are consistent across different environmental variables—that is, whether an individual that is highly responsive to one environmental variable will be equally responsive to a second variable. Another important and related question is whether RNs are themselves consistently expressed through time or whether they are simply state dependent. Here, we quantified individual activity rates of zebrafish in response to independent manipulations of temperature and food availability that were repeated in discrete ‘bursts’ of sampling through time. Individuals that were thermally responsive were not also more responsive to food deprivation, but they were less predictable? did exhibit greater unexplained variation. Individual RN slopes were consistent (repeatable) over time for both temperature (Rslope = 0.92) and food deprivation responses (Rslope = 0.4), as were mean activity rates in the standard environment (Rintercept = 0.83). Despite the high potential liability of behaviour, we have demonstrated consistency of behavioural RN components and identified potential energetic constraints leading to high consistency of thermal RNs and low consistency of food deprivation RNs.