cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radicalism and Feminism in England in the Early Nineteenth Century
Creators: name: Ahrends, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1978
Subjects: Feminism
Radicalism

description: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the various strands of feminism and radicalism in the early nineteenth century. Both developed within the early industrial-capitalist economy which transformed and reinforced the pre-existing relations of patriarchy. The intellectual roots of radicalism lay in Enlightenment philosophy with its emphasis on the harmony between Reason and Nature, Equality and Justice. It was by appropriating these concepts and applying them to women that feminism gained a foothold. In this transition period of social disruption and economic dislocations, radicals and feminists were challenging the traditional forms of social organisation and women's position in the social order. Before the emergence of class-based struggle it was possible to believe in and work towards a society based on mutual harmony and co-operation. At the same time as the new class of wage workers was being formed the middle class was increasing its power and greatly strengthening the eighteenth century ideology of 'ideal womanhood'. Underlying the debate on the Woman Question was an attempt to understand the true nature of woman and the attempt by some women to break out of the conventional model imposed upon them. The literature of the period both reflected and sustained this ideological struggle. As the virtues ascribed to women by early Protestantism became transformed into moral values by the middle class they were transmitted to the lower classes by such movements as Methodism. Thus the dominant religious ideologies sustained both capitalism and patriarchy. Only some tendencies within radicalism were able to accommodate a feminist dimension. The early socialists were the main carriers of feminist ideas with their radical critique of contemporary society and radical visions of alternative forms of social organisation in which all relationships would be transformed. It was the feminist dimension of radicalism which attacked the roots of the contemporary social order, based as it was on patriarchal relations.
(100018) Lodowick Edwards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(100019) Martha Jones
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
FAT Forensics: A Python Toolbox for Implementing and Deploying Fairness, Accountability and Transparency Algorithms in Predictive Systems
Creators: name: Sokol, Kacper
name: Hepburn, Alexander
name: Poyiadzi, Rafael
name: Clifford, Matthew
name: Santos-Rodriguez, Raul
name: Flach, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predictive systems, in particular machine learning algorithms, can take important, and sometimes legally binding, decisions about our everyday life. In most cases, however, these systems and decisions are neither regulated nor certified. Given the potential harm that these algorithms can cause, their qualities such as fairness, accountability and transparency (FAT) are of paramount importance. To ensure high-quality, fair, transparent and reliable predictive systems, we developed an open source Python package called FAT Forensics. It can inspect important fairness, accountability and transparency aspects of predictive algorithms to automatically and objectively report them back to engineers and users of such systems. Our toolbox can evaluate all elements of a predictive pipeline: data (and their features), models and predictions. Published under the BSD 3-Clause open source licence, FAT Forensics is opened up for personal and commercial usage.
Luminous Red Galaxies in Clusters: Central Occupation, Spatial Distributions, and Mis-centering
Creators: name: Hoshino, Hanako
name: Leauthaud, Alexie
name: Lackner, Claire
name: Hikage, Chiaki
name: Rozo, Eduardo
name: Rykoff, Eli
name: Mandelbaum, Rachel
name: More, Surhud
name: More, Anupreeta
name: Saito, Shun
name: Vulcani, Benedetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous Red Galaxies (LRG) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are considered among the best understood samples of galaxies, and they are employed in a broad range of cosmological studies. Because they form a relatively homogeneous population, with high stellar masses and red colors, they are expected to occupy halos in a relatively simple way. In this paper, we study how LRGs occupy massive halos via direct counts in clusters and we reveal several unexpected trends suggesting that the connection between LRGs and dark matter halos may not be straightforward. Using the redMaPPer cluster catalog, we derive the central occupation of LRGs as a function richness, Ncen(λ). Assuming no correlation between cluster mass and central galaxy luminosity at fixed richness, we show that clusters contain a significantly lower fraction of central LRGs than predicted from the two-point correlation function. At halo masses of 10^14.5 Msun, we find Ncen=0.73, compared to Ncen of 0.89 from correlation studies. Our central occupation function for LRGs converges to 0.95 at large halo masses. A strong anti-correlation between central luminosity and cluster mass at fixed richness is required to reconcile our results with those based on clustering studies. We also derive P_BNC, the probability that the brightest cluster member is not the central galaxy. We find P_BNC ~ 20-30% which is a factor of ~2 lower than the value found by Skibba et al. 2011. Finally, we study the radial offsets of bright non-central LRGs from cluster centers and show that bright non-central LRGs follow a different radial distribution compared to red cluster members, which follow a Navarro-Frank-White profile. This work demonstrates that even the most massive clusters do not always have an LRG at the center, and that the brightest galaxy in a cluster is not always the central galaxy.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, submitted to MNRAS, included the referee comments
The Role of Fish Predation and Spatial Heterogeneity in Determining Benthic Community Structure
Creators: name: Gilinsky, Ellen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: The effects of predation and spatial heterogeneity on the benthic macroinvertebrates in the littoral zone of a pond were investigated in a year-long caging experiment. Bluegill sunfish stocked at three densities within the cages were used as the predator. Heterogeneity was manipulated using artificial macrophytes. The presence of plants led to increases both in species richness and in density of most macroinvertebrates. Uncovered benthic sediments had greater species richness and higher macroinvertebrate densities than did sediments covered by macrophytes, suggesting that certain ben- thic species, notably several chironomid groups, migrate onto the macrophytes when this habitat becomes available. Fish predation had a significant impact on both the number of benthic species and the densities of certain benthic macroinvertebrate groups. The predatory chironomid Clinotanypus pinguis showed a strong negative response to bluegill predation, with fish exclusion resulting in higher densities throughout the year. A group of herbivorous chironomids exhibited a response to fish predation that varied over the year, with predation resulting in elevated densities in the fall and winter but reduced densities in the summer. Many of the other species found in the littoral zone showed no significant response to bluegill predation. In addition, fish predation had no significant effect on densities of most macroinvertebrates occurring on the macrophytes. These complex responses of the various macroinvertebrates to fish predation are explainable in terms of seasonal changes in predation intensity and the importance of invertebrate vs. vertebrate predation. In the fall and winter bluegill feeding is often reduced. By concentrating on a few preferred prey (predaceous chironomid species), their feeding might alleviate competitive or predatory rela- tionships among the macroinvertebrates and thus lead to increased densities of many species. The high bluegill feeding intensity known to occur during the summer is severe enough to limit the numbers of most invertebrate prey. As fish predation was not effective on invertebrates in the macrophytes, it seems that the added physical complexity serves as a refuge from
SAMUTER. Fresnedas trasmochadas y pastizales en el piedemonte y Sierra de Guadarrama
Creators: name: López-Estébanez, Nieves
name: Álvarez, Fernando Allende
name: Holgado, Pedro Molina
name: Gomez-Mediavilla, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: SAMUTER, Sistemas Agroalimentarios, Fresnedas

description: Las fresnedas trasmochadas y los pastizales del piedemontte y Sierra de Guadarrama forman parte del proyecto SAMUTER (Sistemas Agroalimentarios Multifuncionales y Territorializados) (https://samuter.paisajeterritoriouam.es/). En las vaguadas intramontañosas y los piedemontes finales de la vertiente madrileña de la Sierra de Guadarrama se desarrolla un agropaisaje de enorme interés ambiental, productivo y cultural. Se trata de fresnedas adehesadas de Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl que, de forma tradicional, han sido trasmochadas para la producción de ramón y de leña. Estas formaciones se son protagonistas también en el paisaje de campos cercados, por su presencia en los setos y linderos. Bajo su vuelo se desarrollan interesantes y productivos pastizales de siega y de diente muy bien conservados y en los que se aloja un importante reducto de biodiversidad. Este agropaisaje está ligado a la producción de ganadería extensiva de vacuno, muchas veces con razas autóctonas, y a la producción de calidad de la carne y sus productos derivados. The pollarded ash groves and pastures of the foothills and the Sierra de Guadarrama are part of the SAMUTER project (Multifunctional and Territorialised Agrifood Systems) (https://samuter.paisajeterritoriouam.es/).

 An agro-landscape of enormous environmental, productive and cultural interest is developed in the intramountain valleys and the final foothills of the Madrid slopes of the Sierra de Guadarrama. These are wooded ash groves of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, which have traditionally been pollarded for the production of branches and firewood. These formations also play an important role in the landscape of fenced fields, due to their presence in the hedges and boundaries. Under their canopy, there are interesting and productive, well-preserved mowing and grazing pastures, which are home to an important redoubt of biodiversity. This agro-landscape is linked to the production of extensive cattle farming, often with indigenous breeds, and to the production of quality meat and its by-products.
Chemical composition of the circumstellar disk around AB Aurigae
Creators: name: Pacheco-Vázquez, S.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Agúndez, M.
name: Pinte, C.
name: Alonso-Albi, T.
name: Neri, R.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Goicoechea, J. R.
name: Berné, O.
name: Wiesenfeld, L.
name: Bachiller, R.
name: Lefloch, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. Our goal is to determine the molecular composition of the circumstellar disk around AB Aurigae (hereafter, AB Aur). AB Aur is a prototypical Herbig Ae star and the understanding of its disk chemistry is of paramount importance to understand the chemical evolution of the gas in warm disks. Methods. We used the IRAM 30-m telescope to perform a sensitive search for molecular lines in AB Aur as part of the IRAM Large program ASAI (A Chemical Survey of Sun-like Star-forming Regions). These data were complemented with interferometric observations of the HCO+ 1-0 and C17O 1-0 lines using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). Single-dish and interferometric data were used to constrain chemical models. Results. Throughout the survey, several lines of CO and its isotopologues, HCO+, H2CO, HCN, CN and CS, were detected. In addition, we detected the SO 54-33 and 56-45 lines, confirming the previous tentative detection. Comparing to other T Tauri's and Herbig Ae disks, AB Aur presents low HCN 3-2/HCO+ 3-2 and CN 2-1/HCN 3-2 line intensity ratios, similar to other transition disks. AB Aur is the only protoplanetary disk detected in SO thus far. Conclusions. We modeled the line profiles using a chemical model and a radiative transfer 3D code. Our model assumes a flared disk in hydrostatic equilibrium. The best agreement with observations was obtained for a disk with a mass of 0.01 Msun , Rin=110 AU, Rout=550 AU, a surface density radial index of 1.5 and an inclination of 27 deg. The intensities and line profiles were reproduced within a factor of 2 for most lines. This agreement is reasonable taking into account the simplicity of our model that neglects any structure within the disk. However, the HCN 3-2 and CN 2-1 line intensities were predicted more intense by a factor of >10. We discuss several scenarios to explain this discrepancy.
(100017) Harold Crispin Foot
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A TEST OF ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES FOR CHARACTER DIVERGENCE BETWEEN COEXISTING SPECIES
Creators: name: Murphy, Peter J.
name: Pfennig, David W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Why do closely related, coexisting species typically differ in phenotypic features associated with resource use? One answer to this question is that such differences might generally evolve in allopatry, as different species adapt to divergent environmental conditions, and any differences that thereby accumulate might subsequently enable coexistence in sympatry. Alternatively, coexisting species might generally diverge in sympatry, because of selection to reduce competition for food (character displacement). Here we evaluated these two causes of character divergence by asking which hypothesis better explains differences in feeding morphology between tadpoles of two species of spadefoot toads, Spea bombifrons and S. multiplicata. We found that, in natural ponds containing both species, S. multiplicata almost always developed into a smaller, round-bodied tadpole with normal sized jaw muscles used for feeding on detritus at the pond bottom (the omnivore morph), whereas S. bombifrons almost always developed into a larger, flat-headed tadpole with greatly enlarged jaw muscles used for feeding on crustaceans in open water (the carnivore morph). By contrast, in all but one of 18 similar ponds containing a single species, both species expressed both phenotypes. Divergence between species in morph production appears to have evolved in sympatry: when we compared population means for each of four key trophic characters, we found that no allopatric population of S. bombifrons was as carnivore-like as the sympatric S. bombifrons, and, for three of four characters, no allopatric population of S. multiplicata was as omnivore-like as the sympatric S. multiplicata. In contrast to significant differences in trophic characters, we found no divergence between allopatric and sympatric populations in a character not directly involved in feeding on detritus or crustaceans (overall body size). These data, together with our earlier experimental work, reveal that coexisting S. bombifrons and S. multiplicata have diverged from one another in resource use and in phenotypic features associated with resource use because of selection to reduce competition for food (i.e., character displacement). Spea tadpoles, therefore, are one of few systems for which both experimental and observational evidence link phenotypic divergence to resource competition, thereby providing a model for understanding why coexisting species often differ phenotypically.
What and How of Machine Learning Transparency: Building Bespoke Explainability Tools with Interoperable Algorithmic Components
Creators: name: Sokol, Kacper
name: Hepburn, Alexander
name: Santos-Rodriguez, Raul
name: Flach, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Explainability techniques for data-driven predictive models based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms allow us to better understand the operation of such systems and help to hold them accountable. New transparency approaches are developed at breakneck speed, enabling us to peek inside these black boxes and interpret their decisions. Many of these techniques are introduced as monolithic tools, giving the impression of one-size-fits-all and end-to-end algorithms with limited customisability. Nevertheless, such approaches are often composed of multiple interchangeable modules that need to be tuned to the problem at hand to produce meaningful explanations. This paper introduces a collection of hands-on training materials -- slides, video recordings and Jupyter Notebooks -- that provide guidance through the process of building and evaluating bespoke modular surrogate explainers for tabular data. These resources cover the three core building blocks of this technique: interpretable representation composition, data sampling and explanation generation.
description: Tutorial webpage: https://events.fat-forensics.org/2020_ecml-pkdd
PREDATOR-AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR EXTENDS TROPHIC CASCADES TO REFUGE HABITATS
Creators: name: Kimbro, David L.
name: Grabowski, Jonathan H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Consideration of how trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) affect community dynamics is recognized as an important focus for ecological research. Although these indirect effects have been shown to mediate trophic cascades in ecological communities, our understanding of how habitat refuge influences the strength and direction of cascading effects is limited. We examined whether or not oyster toadfish (top predator) affect mud crab (intermediate predator) foraging on juvenile hard clams (infaunal prey) in oyster reefs, a physically complex habitat that can provide refuge for both intermediate predators and basal prey. In particular, we manipulated toadfish presence in mesocosms containing experimental oyster reefs and quantified both mud crab and juvenile clam mortality. Toadfish significantly reduced mud crab foraging on clams and increased clam survivorship even though mud crabs foraging on the surface of the reef sought refuge from toadfish deeper within the oyster-shell matrix where they were more proximal to clams. This counterintuitive result suggests that toadfish suppression of mud crab foraging activity is far stronger than toadfish-avoidance behavior that potentially increases crab-clam encounter rates. Therefore, TMIIs can reinforce trophic cascades even in refuge habitats where intermediate predators and their prey are physically isolated from top predators. Determining the generality of cascading effects on lower trophic levels within refugia will require investigating how habitat refuge affects the relative importance of TMIIs.
Cosmological long-wavelength solutions and primordial black hole formation
Creators: name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Yoo, Chul-Moon
name: Nakama, Tomohiro
name: Koga, Yasutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct cosmological long-wavelength solutions without symmetry in general gauge conditions compatible with the long-wavelength scheme. We then specify the relationship among the solutions in different time slicings. Applying this general framework to spherical symmetry, we derive the correspondence relation between long-wavelength solutions in the constant mean curvature slicing with conformally flat spatial coordinates and asymptotic quasihomogeneous solutions in the comoving gauge and compare the numerical results of PBH formation in these two different approaches. To discuss the PBH formation, it is convenient and conventional to use $\tildeδ_{c}$, the value which the averaged density perturbation at threshold in the comoving slicing would take at horizon entry in the lowest-order long-wavelength expansion. We numerically find that within compensated models, the sharper the transition from the overdense region to the FRW universe is, the larger the $\tildeδ_{c}$ becomes. We suggest that, for the equation of state $p=(Γ-1)ρ$, we can apply the analytic formulas for the minimum $\tildeδ_{c, {\rm min}}\simeq [3Γ/(3Γ+2)]\sin^{2}\left[π\sqrt{Γ-1}/(3Γ-2)\right]$ and the maximum $\tildeδ_{c, {\rm max}}\simeq 3Γ/(3Γ+2)$. As for the threshold peak value of the curvature variable $ψ_{0,c}$, we find that the sharper the transition is, the smaller the $ψ_{0,c}$ becomes. We analytically explain this feature. Using simplified models, we also analytically deduce an environmental effect that $ψ_{0,c}$ can be significantly larger (smaller) if the underlying density perturbation of much longer wavelength is positive (negative).
description: 33 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Inversion techniques and their applications
Creators: name: Bétrisey, Jérôme
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: solar-type
Stars: interiors
asteroseismology
Inversion techniques

description: Accompanying page for the contributed talk "Inversion techniques and their applications" by J. Bétrisey at the Year 2 STAREX Workshop in Sierre, Switzerland, October 25-26, 2021.
description: {"references": ["B\u00e9trisey, J., Pezzotti, C., Buldgen, G., et al. 2022, A&A, 659, A56", "B\u00e9trisey, J. & Buldgen, G. 2022, A&A, 663, A92", "B\u00e9trisey, J., Buldgen, G., Reese, D. R., et al. 2023, A&A, 676, A10"]}
Investigation of the freeze-out parameters in B-B, O-O, Ca-Ca and Au-Au collisions at 39 GeV
Creators: name: Waqas, Muhammad
name: Peng, Guang Xiong
name: Liu, Fu-Hu
name: Ajaz, Muhammad
name: Ismail, Abd Al Karim Haj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the transverse momentum spectra of proton, deuteron and triton in Boron-Boron (B-B), Oxygen-Oxygen (O-O), and Calcium-Calcium (Ca-Ca) central collisions, as well as in several centrality bins in Gold-Gold (Au-Au) collisions at 39 GeV by using the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The bulk properties in terms of kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freeze-out volume are extracted from the model by the least square method. We observed that with increasing the rest mass of the particle, the kinetic freeze-out temperature becomes larger, while transverse flow velocity and the kinetic freeze-out volume reduces. These parameters are also found to depend on the size of the system. Larger the size of the system, the larger they are. Furthermore, the kinetic freeze-out temperature in peripheral Au-Au collisions is close to the central O-O collisions. We also observed that the above parameters depend on the centrality, and they decrease from central to peripheral collisions. Besides, we also extracted the entropy-index parameter $q$, and the parameter $N_0$ which shows the multiplicity. Both of them depend on the size of interacting the system, rest mass of the particle and centrality. Both $q$ and $N_0$ are larger for lighter particles, and the former is smaller for large systems while the latter is larger, and the former decrease with increasing centrality while the latter increase.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
ESTIMATING LANDSCAPE-SCALE SPECIES RICHNESS: RECONCILING FREQUENCY- AND TURNOVER-BASED APPROACHES
Creators: name: Jobe, R. Todd
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: One hypothesis for why estimators of species richness tend to underestimate total richness is that they do not explicitly account for increases in species richness due to spatial or environmental turnover in species composition (beta diversity). I analyze the similarity of a data set of native trees in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, and assess the robustness of these estimators against recently developed ones that incorporate turnover explicitly: the total species accumulation method (T-S) and a method based on the distance decay of similarity. I show that the T-S estimator can give reliable estimates of species richness, given an appropriate grouping of sites. The estimator based on distance decay of similarity performed poorly. There are two main reasons for this: sample size effects and the assumption that distance decay of similarity exhibits a power law relationship. I show that estimators based on distance-decay relationships exhibit systematically lower rates of distance decay for samples with few individuals per site independent of environmental variation. Second, the data presented here and many other survey data sets exhibit exponential rather than power law distance-decay relationships. Richness estimators that explicitly incorporate beta diversity can be improved by beginning from an exponential distance-decay relationship and adjusting for the systematic errors introduced by small sample sizes.
title: Explaining Informality: Extractive States and the Persistent Incentives for Being Lawless
Creators: name: Alvarez Villa, Daphne
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: This paper explains informality not as a recent feature of developing countries, but as an underlying historical cause of underdevelopment today. I argue that colonial extractive states not only caused underdevelopment through persistent bad institutions for property rights protection, but also through persistent incentives to enforce property rights out of the law; i.e., through a persistent gap between de jure and de facto institutions. I present historical accounts of the emergence of an informal sector in the colonial period considering Antioquia, a large gold producer region under Spanish rule. I provide empirical evidence of a signiffcant persistent link between this colonial informal sector and current informality outcomes within Antioquia; for this purpose, I use the fact that colonial informal miners only extracted gold from rivers and not from mountains. This paper further shows that this persistence is not explained by constant geographical conditions, availability of resources, nor by differences in other development outcomes. I propose social capital as a channel to understand long-term path dependence and provide a theoretical model.
Supplementary document for Smartphone-based fluorescence spectroscopic device for cervical precancer diagnosis: a Random Forest classification of in-vitro data - 6524669.pdf
Creators: name: Shukla, Shivam
name: Vishwakarma, Chaitanya
name: Sah, Amar
name: Ahirwar, Shikha
name: Pandey, Kiran
name: Pradhan, Asima
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary document
title: Turning Out for Redistribution: The Effect of Voter Turnout on Top Marginal Tax Rates
Creators: name: Sabet, Navid
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2020

description: I document the impact of voter turnout on top marginal tax rates in OECD countries between 1974 and 2013. I find that higher turnout leads to significantly higher rates of tax for top earners. This finding is consistent with the median voter theorem that posits government redistribution to be a function of the income of the median voter. Because turnout has fallen drastically in the decades leading to 2013, and because the decrease is negatively correlated with income, the pivotal voter is no longer the one whose income lies at the median of the overall income distribution but instead the one whose income is at the median of a richer subset of it. An instrumental variables approach confirms my findings. Finally, I find a significantly negative relationship between turnout and top incomes shares, consistent with the fact that top earners are affected more by increases in top tax rates.
Connecting children's right to participation to play policies: Reviewing if and how this right is represented in guidelines for designing public playspaces.
Creators: name: Jansens, Rianne
name: Lynch, Helen
name: Prellwitz, Maria
name: Olofsson, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: children's participation, designing a public playspace, scoping review

description: This abstract outlines the presentation given at Child in the City Conference, Dublin 5-7 October 2022. The preliminary results were presented of the study that identified elements of children’s participation in guidelines for designing a public playspace. This scoping review applied for the qualitative evidence synthesis the 'best-fit' framework synthesis.
Knowledge management for advocacy successes and learnings
Creators: name: Amland, Brendan
name: Adaobi Chine
name: Samikshya Pandey
name: Badshah, Akhtar
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The START team conducted a short literature review on knowledge management (KM), analyzed seven organizations’ KM practices by interviewing relevant employees and conducting a survey of interviewees at each organization, and provided recommendations that revolved around three themes (Culture, Processes, and Resources) to the clients to improve their KM system.
(100013) Amelia Westbrook Neyle Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(100014) Leslie Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(100015) Charles Foote
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Goos-Haenchen lateral displacements and angular deviations: When these optical effects offset each other
Creators: name: De Leo, Stefano
name: Maggio, Luca
name: D'Ambrosio, Moreno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For optical beams, transmitted by a right angle prism, the Goos-Haenchen shift can never be seen as a pure effect. Indeed, the lateral displacement, caused by the total internal reflection, will always be accompanied by angular deviations generated by the transmission through the incoming and outgoing interfaces. This combined effect can be analysed by using the Taylor expansion of the Fresnel coefficients. The analytic expression found for the transmitted beam allows to determine the beam parameters, the incidence angles, and the axial distance for which lateral displacements are compensated by angular deviations. Proposals to optimize experimental implementations are also briefly discussed.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
(100011) Laura Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Formation of wrinkles on graphene induced by nanoparticles: atomic force microscopy study
Creators: name: Pacakova, Barbara
name: Vejpravova, Jana
name: Repko, Anton
name: Mantlikova, Alice
name: Kalbac, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wrinkles in monolayer graphene (GN) affect the GN electronic and transport properties. Defined network of wrinkles can be reached by placing the GN on the substrate decorated with the nanoparticles (NPs). In order to explain mechanism behind the topographically induced changes of the GN electronic structure and to correlate it with the wrinkling, correct description of the GN morphology is of high demand. We demonstrate here how to determine from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images whether the GN is in the contact with the substrate or it is delaminated, how is the wrinkling of the layer connected with the density of the NPs and if there is the preferential orientation of wrinkles. Also the relevance of detection of the NPs hidden beneath the GN layer is discussed. The study was done on nine samples of the GN on the top of Si-SiO2 substrate, decorated with the metal-oxide NPs of nominal diameter 6 and 10 nm. NP density varied in a range of 20 up to 470 NPs per um2. The projected area of wrinkles was increasing linearly with the increasing NP density, independently on the NP size.
description: 2nd version: corrected references and text, updated co-authors
The Potential Early Papyrus Codex at Graz
Creators: name: Nongbri, Brent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470503
subject: Book history
classificationCode: 430305
subject: Classical Greek and Roman history

description: Report on a meeting of experts that tok place in February 2024 to discuss P.Hib. 113 (Graz, UBG Ms 1946, the so-called "Mummy Book").
Intrahousehold Productivity Differentials and Land Quality in the Sudanian Savanna of Mali
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Theriault, Veronique
name: Haider, Hamza
name: Kergna, Alpha
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Theriault, Veronique
name: Haider, Hamza
name: Kergna, Alpha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Household income and livelihoods
subject: Land
subject: Mali

description: KEY FINDINGS -We find little evidence that intrahousehold allocation of fertilizer is inefficient when we are able to control for land quality. -Gender and generation gaps in productivity persist but lessen as we control for land quality. -Women’s fields may be less fertile, but productivity differentials may also reflect distinctive objectives and modes of production.
Metadata Mapping Dataverse 5.4 - CESSDA Metadata Model 3.0
Creators: name: Huis in 't Veld, Laura
name: Braukmann, Ricarda
name: Wittenberg, Marion
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metadata
Social Sciences

description: Excel and .csv version of a mapping of metadata fields from Dataverse version 5.4 to the CESSDA Metadata Model (CMM) 3.0. The CSV version contains two files, corresponding to the tabs of the excel file: tab1 is the mapping, tab2 contains the change log. This mapping was created by DANS in the context of the ODISSEI Project (NWO grant number 184.035.014).
A fungus among us: broad patterns of endophyte distribution in the grasses
Creators: name: Hammer, Samantha
name: Huguet, Valérie
name: Afkhami, Michelle
name: Rudgers, Jennifer
name: Rúa, Megan
name: Davitt, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Plant-associated microbes have been increasingly recognized for influencing host populations, plant communities, and even herbivores and predators. Thus, understanding factors that affect the distribution and abundance of microbial symbioses may be important for predicting the ecological dynamics of communities. Using endophytic fungi-grass symbioses, we explored how intrinsic traits of the symbiosis, specifically transmission mode, may influence symbiont frequencies in host populations. Combining published literature with new field surveys, we compared Epichloë endophytes, which had mixed horizontal and vertical transmission, with Neotyphodium endophytes, which were exclusively vertically transmitted from host plants to seeds. Exclusively vertical transmission should select against pathogenicity because symbionts depend entirely on hosts for reproduction. Across 118 host species, we found that Neotyphodium hosts had 40-130% higher symbiont frequencies than Epichloë hosts. In field surveys, endophyte frequency was positively correlated with the local density of hosts, but only for Epichloë, suggesting that contagiously spread Epichloë may attain higher frequencies when hosts are more abundant. Epichloë endophytes were also more likely than Neotyphodium to have imperfect vertical transmission; thus, hosts may reduce the transmission of more pathogenic symbionts to seeds. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the evolutionary transition to exclusively vertical transmission can alter patterns of symbiont frequency in nature.
Metadata Mapping Dataverse 5.4 - CESSDA Metadata Model 2.0
Creators: name: Huis in 't Veld, Laura
name: Braukmann, Ricarda
name: Wittenberg, Marion
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Metadata
Social Sciences

description: Excel and .csv version of a mapping of metadata fields from Dataverse version 5.4 to the CESSDA Metadata Model (CMM) 2.0. This mapping was created by DANS in the context of the ODISSEI Project (NWO grant number 184.035.014).
(100008) Mary Elizabeth Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Species' traits predict phenological responses to climate change in butterflies
Creators: name: Frame, Alicia
name: Diamond, Sarah
name: Martin, Ryan
name: Buckley, Lauren
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: How do species' traits help identify which species will respond most strongly to future climate change? We examine the relationship between species' traits and phenology in a well-established model system for climate change, the U.K. Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS). Most resident U.K. butterfly species have significantly advanced their dates of first appearance during the past 30 years. We show that species with narrower larval diet breadth and more advanced overwintering stages have experienced relatively greater advances in their date of first appearance. In addition, species with smaller range sizes have experienced greater phenological advancement. Our results demonstrate that species' traits can be important predictors of responses to climate change, and they suggest that further investigation of the mechanisms by which these traits influence phenology may aid in understanding species' responses to current and future climate change.
Scale dependence in species turnover reflects variance in species occupancy
Creators: name: Hurlbert, Allen
name: McGlinn, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Patterns of species turnover may reflect the processes driving community dynamics across scales. While the majority of studies on species turnover have examined pairwise comparison metrics (e.g., the average Jaccard dissimilarity), it has been proposed that the species-area relationship (SAR) also offers insight into patterns of species turnover because these two patterns may be analytically linked. However, these previous links only apply in a special case where turnover is scale invariant, and we demonstrate across three different plant communities that over 90% of the pairwise turnover values are larger than expected based on scale-invariant predictions from the SAR. Furthermore, the degree of scale dependence in turnover was negatively related to the degree of variance in the occupancy frequency distribution (OFD). These findings suggest that species turnover diverges from scale invariance, and as such pairwise turnover and the slope of the SAR are not redundant. Furthermore, models developed to explain the OFD should be linked with those developed to explain species turnover to achieve a more unified understanding of community structure.
(100010) John Henry Crispin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Characterizing avian survival along a rural-to-urban land use gradient
Creators: name: Reitsma, Robert
name: Hurlbert, Allen
name: Ryder, Thomas
name: Evans, Brian
name: Marra, Peter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Many avian species persist in human-dominated landscapes; however, little is known about the demographic consequences of urbanization in these populations. Given that urban habitats introduce novel benefits (e.g., anthropogenic resources) and pressures (e.g., mortality risks), conflicting mechanisms have been hypothesized to drive the dynamics of urban bird populations. Top-down processes such as predation predict reduced survivorship in suburban and urban habitats, whereas bottom-up processes, such as increased resource availability, predict peak survival in suburban habitats. In this study, we use mark–recapture data of seven focal species encountered between 2000 and 2012 to test hypotheses about the processes that regulate avian survival along an urbanization gradient in greater Washington, D.C., USA. American Robin, Gray Catbird, Northern Cardinal, and Song Sparrow exhibited peak survival at intermediate and upper portions of the rural-to-urban gradient; this pattern supports the hypothesis that bottom-up processes (e.g., resource availability) can drive patterns of avian survival in some species. In contrast, Carolina Chickadee showed no response and Carolina and House Wren showed a slightly negative response to urban land cover. These contrasting results underscore the need for comparative studies documenting the mechanisms that drive demography and how those factors differentially affect urban adapted and urban avoiding species.