cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metastatic colorectal carcinomas with high SATB2 expression are associated with better prognosis and response to chemotherapy: a population-based Scandinavian study
Creators: name: Mezheyeuski, Artur
name: Ponten, Fredrik
name: Per-Henrik Edqvist
name: Sundström, Magnus
name: Thunberg, Ulf
name: Qvortrup, Camilla
name: Pfeiffer, Per
name: Sorbye, Halfdan
name: Glimelius, Bengt
name: Dragomir, Anca
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: Survival and response to therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are very heterogeneous. There is an unmet need for better markers of prognosis and treatment benefit for mCRC patients. The homeobox 2 gene SATB2 has a highly specific expression in colorectal tissue and is associated with better prognosis in non-metastatic CRC. Material and methods: A population-based cohort of 798 mCRC patients was analysed. From primary tumour material, protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. BRAF and KRAS mutation status was also determined. Associations with clinicopathological data, overall and progression-free survival and response to first-line chemotherapy were analysed. Results: Tumour tissue and clinical data were available from 467 patients. SATB2 was strongly expressed in 58% of cases, significantly more in left-sided, low-grade and wild-type BRAF tumours. Patients with high SATB2 tumours had longer overall survival compared with low SATB2 tumours (median 13 vs 8 months respectively, p p = .001) and more often responded to chemotherapy than those with low SATB2 (objective response 43% vs 29%, p = .02; clinical response 83% vs 67%, p = .004). Progression-free survival on first-line irinotecan chemotherapy was longer in high SATB2 cases (median 8 vs 4 months respectively, p = .019). Patients with both low SATB2 expression and mutated BRAF (n = 69) had particularly poor survival compared to the rest (median 8 and 12 months respectively, p = .001). In multivariable analysis, the SATB2 findings were independent of known clinicopathological prognostic markers, including BRAF mutation status. Conclusion: Patients with mCRC expressing high level of SATB2 have better prognosis and response to chemotherapy than those with low SATB2 expression. Patients with both low SATB2 expression and mutated BRAF had particularly poor prognosis and could thus benefit from more aggressive therapies.
Additional file 1 of Tick trails: the role of online recreational trail reviews in identifying risk factors and behavioral recommendations associated with tick encounters in Indiana
Creators: name: Anderson, Kristina R.
name: Blekking, Jordan
name: Oghenekaro Omodior
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1.
Supplementary document for Probing Electron-Hole Coherence in Strongly Driven 2D Materials using High-Harmonic Generation - 5782475.pdf
Creators: name: Heide, Christian
name: Kobayashi, Yuki
name: Johnson, Amalya
name: Liu, Fang
name: Heinz, Tony
name: Reis, David
name: Ghimire, Shambhu
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement
The Impact of Crop Price on Nitrous Oxide Emissions: A Dynamic Programming Approach
Creators: name: Cai, Ruohong
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Kanter, David
name: Cai, Ruohong
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Kanter, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Nitrous Oxide Emissions
subject: Dynamic Programming
subject: Agricultural Prices

description: The use of N fertilizer in agriculture is a major source of Nitrous Oxide, an important greenhouse gases. Market-based instruments, such as incentives or taxes, may help reduce Nitrous Oxide emission by changing Nitrogen application rate. Using a dynamic programming approach, we found that changing corn price or fertilizer price have effects on both farm profit and Nitrogen application rate. However, farm profit and Nitrogen rate always change in the same direction when affected by either input or output prices. Furthermore, as the corn price is relatively higher than the fertilizer price, changing the corn price is more effective in influencing Nitrogen rate, and thus Nitrous Oxide emission. This analysis can provide policymakers with useful information when designing Market-based tools to help reduce Nitrous Oxide emissions and mitigate global warming.
Additional file 1 of Safe birth in cultural safety in southern Mexico: a pragmatic non-inferiority cluster-randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Sarmiento, Iván
name: Paredes-Solís, Sergio
name: de Jesús García, Abraham
name: Maciel Paulino, Nadia
name: Serrano de los Santos, Felipe René
name: Legorreta-Soberanis, José
name: Zuluaga, Germán
name: Cockcroft, Anne
name: Andersson, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Evaluation of the implementation of the intervention and baseline characteristics. Evaluation of each of the components of the intervention according to the participating traditional midwives and baseline characteristics of each community.
Additional file 1 of A mathematical model by route of transmission and fibrosis progression to estimate undiagnosed individuals with HCV in different Italian regions
Creators: name: Kondili, Loreta A.
name: Andreoni, Massimo
name: Alberti, Alfredo
name: Lobello, Salvatore
name: Babudieri, Sergio
name: De Michina, Antonella
name: Merolla, Rocco
name: Marrocco, Walter
name: Craxì, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Estimates of % of viraemic HCV individuals in different Italian regions according to fibrosis stage and high-risk groups.
Quantum rotational band model for the Heisenberg molecular magnet Mo72Fe30
Creators: name: Schnack, J.
name: Luban, M.
name: Modler, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the low temperature properties of the molecular magnet Mo72Fe30, where 30 Fe(3+) paramagnetic ions occupy the sites of an icosidodecahedron and interact via isotropic nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange. The key idea of our model (J.S. & M.L.) is that the low-lying excitations form a sequence of rotational bands, i.e., for each such band the excitation energies depend quadratically on the total spin quantum number. For temperatures below 50 mK we predict that the magnetisation is described by a staircase with 75 equidistant steps as the magnetic field is increased up to a critical value and saturated for higher fields. For higher temperatures thermal broadening effects wash out the staircase and yield a linear ramp below the critical field, and this has been confirmed by our measurements (R.M.). We demonstrate that the lowest two rotational bands are separated by an energy gap of 0.7 meV, and this could be tested by EPR and inelastic neutron scattering measurements. We also predict the occurrence of resonances at temperatures below 0.1 K in the proton NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate associated with level crossings. As rotational bands characterize the spectra of many magnetic molecules our method opens a new road towards a description of their low-temperature behaviour which is not otherwise accessible.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for Europhysics Letters
Palatini $f(R)$ gravity in the solar system: post-Newtonian equations of motion and complete PPN parameters
Creators: name: Toniato, Júnior D.
name: Rodrigues, Davi C.
name: Wojnar, Aneta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a post-Newtonian (PN) solar system analysis for Palatini $f(R)$ theories considering finite volume non-spherical planets and with emphasis to $f(R)$ functions that are analytical about $R=0$. First we consider the Will-Nordtvedt parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, from which the metric is shown to depend, in general, on terms not covered by the standard PPN potentials. Hence, a full analysis of the PN equations of motion is performed. From the latter we conclude that, apart from redefinitions on the internal energy and the pressure, which cannot be constrained by solar system tests, the center-of-mass orbits are the same as in general relativity. We discuss further the physics of these redefinitions and use an argument to extend our analytical $f(R)$ results towards some non-analytical functions.
description: 14 pages. This version matches the one accepted for publication in PRD
The Central Star of NGC 2346 as a Clue to Binary Evolution through the Common Envelope Phase
Creators: name: Gómez-Muñoz, M. A.
name: Manchado, A.
name: Bianchi, L.
name: Manteiga, M.
name: Vázquez, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the binary central star of the planetary nebula NGC 2346 based on archival data from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), and new low- and high-resolution optical spectra (3700 - 7300Å). By including in the spectral analysis the contribution of both stellar and nebular continuum, we reconciled long-time discrepant UV and optical diagnostics and derive $E(B-V)=0.18\pm0.01$. We re-classified the companion star as A5IV by analyzing the wings of the Balmer absorption lines in the high-resolution ($R=67\,000$) optical spectra. Using the distance to the nebula of 1400 pc from Gaia DR2, we constructed a photoionization model based on abundances and line intensities derived from the low-resolution optical spectra, and obtained a temperature of $T_{\rm eff}=130\,000$K and a luminosity $L=170$L$_\odot$ for the ionizing star, consistent with the UV continuum. This analysis allows us to better characterize the binary system's evolution. We conclude that the progenitor star of NGC 2346 has experienced a common envelope phase, in which the companion star has accreted mass and evolved off the main-sequence.
description: Accepted in ApJ
title: 03_0077
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Optimal Management of a Native Species Facing Species or Pathogen Invasion Risks Involving Multi-Stable Outcomes
Creators: name: Horan, Richard
name: Finnoff, David
name: Reeling, Carson
name: Berry, Kevin
name: Horan, Richard
name: Finnoff, David
name: Reeling, Carson
name: Berry, Kevin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: invasive species
subject: infectious disease
subject: multi-stability
subject: non-convexities
subject: optimal control
subject: Poisson

description: Many invaded ecosystems appear subject to regime shifts—abrupt changes from one state to another after crossing a threshold or tipping point. The stability landscapes of such multi-stable systems, including their associated thresholds, have been shown to be endogenously determined within a coupled socioeconomic-ecological system (SES) where human choices, including those of managers, are feedback responses. Which outcome arises within traditional SES models, for a given set of available policy options, is ultimately determined by exogenously-defined initial conditions. We examine optimal management when the initial conditions at the onset of an invasion are endogenous. This is accomplished by considering the economically optimal management of a non-invaded system at risk of invasion and subsequent multi-stability. Methodologically, this requires that we account for two uncertain processes: introduction and establishment of the invader, where establishment is defined by a random invader population level that serves as the initial condition for the invaded system. Both random processes are conditional on how the native population is managed, making them endogenous. We find multi-stability of the invaded system, as well as uncertainty regarding the initial established invader population, may create economic non-convexities that yield multiple candidate solutions to the ex ante optimization problem. Some candidate solutions may involve attempting to prevent invasion, while others may attempt to increase the likelihood that any invasion becomes contained within a “good” ex post state.
One-directional quantum mechanical dynamics and an application to decision making
Creators: name: Bagarello, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent works we have used quantum tools in the analysis of the time evolution of several macroscopic systems. The main ingredient in our approach is the self-adjoint Hamiltonian $H$ of the system $\Sc$. This Hamiltonian quite often, and in particular for systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom, gives rise to reversible and oscillatory dynamics. Sometimes this is not what physical reasons suggest. We discuss here how to use non self-adjoint Hamiltonians to overcome this difficulty: the time evolution we obtain out of them show a preferable arrow of time, and it is not reversible. Several applications are constructed, in particular in connection to information dynamics.
description: Accepted in Physica A
Platorchestia Bousfield 1982
Creators: name: Serejo, C. S.
name: Lowry, J. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Platorchestia

description: Platorchestia Bousfield, 1982
 Platorchestia Bousfield, 1982: 26; Jo, 1988: 160; Richardson, 1991: 186; Miyamoto & Morino, 2004: 68; Serejo, 2004: 20.
 Type species. Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845).
 Diagnosis. Antenna 2 not geniculate, occasionally sexually dimorphic. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 5-dentate. Maxillipedal palp dactylus present, reduced. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; basis narrow or slightly expanded; propodus palm posterodistal corner without protuberance. Pereopods 3–7 cuspidactylate. Pereopod 4 carpus similar in length to or significantly shorter than carpus of pereopod 3. Pereopod 6 sexually dimorphic, or not. Pereopod 7 sexually dimorphic; basis lateral sulcus present, slightly pronounced. Gills lobate and/or convoluted; gills 3–5 smaller than gills 2 and 6. Oostegites 2–5 setae with simple straight tips. Pleopods all well developed. Uropod 1 outer ramus without marginal robust setae. Uropod 2 outer ramus with marginal robust setae. Telson entire, as long as or longer than broad with 3–10 robust setae per lobe.
 Species composition. Platorchestia contains 16 species: P. ashmoleorum Stock, 1996; P. bousfieldi Ho & Li, 2003; P. chathamensis Bousfield, 1982; P. humicola (Martens, 1868); P. japonica (Tattersall, 1922); P. joi Stock & Biernbaum, 1994; P. kaalensis (Barnard, 1955); P. lanipo Richardson, 1991; P. monodi Mateus et al., 1986; P. munmui Jo, 1988; P. pachypus (Derzhavin, 1937); P. pacifica Miyamoto & Morino, 2004; P. paraplatensis n.sp.; P. pickeringi (Dana, 1853); P. platensis (Krøyer, 1845) and P. zachsi (Derzhavin, 1937).
description: Published as part of Serejo, C. S. & Lowry, J. K., 2008, The Coastal Talitridae (Amphipoda: Talitroidea) of Southern and Western Australia, with Comments on Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845), pp. 161-206 in Records of the Australian Museum 60 (2) on page 189, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1491, http://zenodo.org/record/5238681
Peak effect, vortex-lattice melting-line and order - disorder transition in conventional and high-T superconductors
Creators: name: Mikitik, Grigorii P.
name: Brandt, Ernst Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the order - disorder transition line from a Bragg glass to an amorphous vortex glass in the H-T phase diagram of three-dimensional type-II superconductors with account of both pinning-caused and thermal fluctuations of the vortex lattice. Our approach is based on the Lindemann criterion and on results of the collective pinning theory and generalizes previous work of other authors. It is shown that the shapes of the order - disorder transition line and the vortex lattice melting curve are determined only by the Ginzburg number, which characterizes thermal fluctuations, and by a parameter which describes the strength of the quenched disorder in the flux-line lattice. In the framework of this unified approach we obtain the H-T phase diagrams for both conventional and high-Tc superconductors. Several well-known experimental results concerning the fishtail effect and the phase diagram of high-Tc superconductors are naturally explained by assuming that a peak effect in the critical current density versus H signalizes the order - disorder transition line in superconductors with point defects.
description: 15 pages including 11 figures
Microbial Stabilization and Kinetic Enhancement of Marine Methane Hydrates
Creators: name: Ghaani, Mohammad Reza
name: Allen, Christopher C. R.
name: Young, Jonathan M.
name: Prithwish K. Nandi
name: Shamsudeen U. Dandare
name: Skvortsov, Timofey
name: English, Niall J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: In clathrate hydrates, a water host lattice encages small guest molecules in cavities. Methane hydrates are the most widespread in-situ clathrate in the permafrost and continental-shelf ocean regions, constituting a significant energy resource, and prompting recent marine-hydrate gas-production trials. Despite exciting engineering advances and a few marine-mimicking laboratory studies of methane-hydrate kinetics and stabilization, from microbial perspectives, little is known about a potential microbial origin of marine hydrates, nor their possible formation kinetics or potential stabilization by microbial sources. Here, for the first time, we show that an exported, extra-cytoplasmic porin – produced by a marine methylotrophic bacterium culture – provides the basis for kinetic enhancement and stabilization of methane hydrates under conditions simulating the seabed environment. We then identify the key protein at play, and we therefore suggest microbe-based stabilization of marine hydrates is evidently a property likely to be found in many marine bacteria. Our research opens the possibility of managing marine-hydrate deposits using microbiological strategies for environmental and societal benefit.
The frequency of very young galaxies in the local Universe: II. The view from SDSS spectra
Creators: name: Mamon, Gary A.
name: Trevisan, Marina
name: Thuan, Trinh X.
name: Gallazzi, Anna
name: Davé, Romeel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Only a handful of galaxies in the local Universe appear to be very young. We estimate the fraction of very young galaxies (VYGs), defined as those with more than half their stellar masses formed within the last Gyr. We fit non-parametric star formation histories (SFHs) to ~280 000 galaxy spectra from a flux- and volume-limited subsample of the Main Galaxy Sample (MGS) of the SDSS, which is also complete in mass-to-light ratio, thus properly accounting for passive galaxies of a given mass. The VYG fractions decrease with increasing galaxy stellar mass, from ~50% at $m = 10^8\,\rm M_\odot$ to ~0.1% at $m = 10^{11.5}\,\rm M_\odot$, with differences of up to 1 dex between the different spectral models used to estimate the SFH and on how we treat aperture effects. But old stellar populations may hide in our VYGs despite our conservative VYG sample built with galaxies that are globally bluer than within the region viewed by the SDSS fibre. The VYG fractions versus mass decrease more gradually compared to the Tweed et al. predictions using analytical and semi-analytical models of galaxy formation, but agree better with the SIMBA hydrodynamical simulation. These discrepancies highlight the usefulness of VYGs in constraining the strong uncertainties in both galaxy formation models and spectral modelling of galaxy SFHs. Given the lognormal cosmic SFH, these mean VYG fractions suggest that galaxies with $m > 10^8\,\rm M_\odot$ undergo at most 4 major starbursts on average.
description: Published version, consolidated with Erratum on caption of Table A1 (the table is for all 404 931 galaxies in the Clean sample, not just those that are candidate VYGs according to at least one spectral model). New is in green and omitted is in strikeout-red
Exponentiating virtual imaginary contributions in a parton shower
Creators: name: Nagy, Zoltan
name: Soper, Davison E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operator in a parton shower algorithm that represents the imaginary part of virtual Feynman graphs has a non-trivial color structure and is large because it is proportional to a factor of $4π$. In order to improve the treatment of color in a parton shower, it may help to exponentiate this phase operator. We show that it is possible to do so by exponentiating matrices that are no larger than $14\times14$. Using the example of the probability to have a gap in the rapidity interval between two high transverse momentum jets, we test this exponentiation algorithm by comparing to the result of treating the phase operator perturbatively. We find that the exponentiation works, but that the net effect of the exponentiated phase operator is quite small for this problem, so that one can as well use the perturbative approach.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Feynman path-integral approach to the QED3 theory of the pseudogap
Creators: name: Sheehy, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the connection between vortex condensation in a d-wave superconductor and the QED$_3$ gauge theory of the pseudogap is elucidated. The approach taken circumvents the use of the standard Franz-Tesanovic gauge transformation, borrowing ideas from the path-integral analysis of the Aharonov-Bohm problem. An essential feature of this approach is that gauge-transformations which are prohibited on a particular multiply-connected manifold (e.g. a superconductor with vortices) can be successfully performed on the universal covering space associated with that manifold.
description: 15 pages, 1 Figure. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 17, 4509 (2003). Minor changes from previous version
Breast Reconstruction for Medicaid Beneficiaries: A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence
Creators: name: Siotos, Charalampos
name: Azizi, Armina
name: Assam, Larissa
name: Gedge D. Rosson
name: Seal, Stella M.
name: Pollack, Craig E.
name: Oluseyi Aliu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Introduction: Medicaid beneficiaries are a generally disadvantaged population with access to elective specialty services. We sought to better understand utilization of breast reconstruction by Medicaid beneficiaries. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases for studies comparing breast reconstruction rates by insurance type. We extracted the information of interest to qualitatively and quantitatively synthesize the results of the studies. Results: We identified seven eligible studies. Overall, the rates of breast reconstruction have increased across insurance groups. However, our results show that Medicaid beneficiaries were on average less likely to receive breast reconstruction in comparison to patients with private insurance. Although, Medicaid patients again were more likely to receive breast reconstruction in comparison to Medicare beneficiaries. Conclusion: There is wide disparity in reconstruction rates by insurance status. However, with continued increase in the adult Medicaid population due to widening eligibility expansion, disparities involving this vulnerable population should be examined for causes and solutions.
Evaluation of risk in farm planning: a case study
Creators: name: Rosa, Franco
name: Rosa, Franco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: whole farm planning
subject: risk
subject: sumex utility function
subject: LP-MOTAD
subject: portfolio analysis

description: Many studies suggest that farmers frequently show risk averse attitudes, and choose the “riskminimizing” and “safety first” survival strategy rather than pursuing the profit maximization. This article reports on a study of the impact of risk caused by different events: climate, stock levels, price volatility and other causes affecting the yield and price variability of agricultural crops. This study will simulate the risk in farm decisions using a sumex utility function that allows to parameterize the risk for specific traits of the function, and MOTAD (minimization of total absolute deviations) to simulate an efficient combination of crops in the whole farm planning (WFP). The empirical analysis is represented by a case study consisting in the risk simulation of a farm of 100 Ha, growing vegetable crops located in the Northern region of Italy. The risk is modelled using 15 years historical observations with discrete probability distribution of some of the most diffused cereal and oilseed crops (source: Eurostat). The objective is to evaluate the risk aversion by designing a utility frontier of crop combinations using a LP approximation model. The results indicate the trade off between expected returns and risk: if the value of gross income is expected to increase, the farmers tend to specialize in the most profitable portfolio enterprise while it is not so evident that the diversification will contribute to curb the risk.
Additional file 2 of Safe birth in cultural safety in southern Mexico: a pragmatic non-inferiority cluster-randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Sarmiento, Iván
name: Paredes-Solís, Sergio
name: de Jesús García, Abraham
name: Maciel Paulino, Nadia
name: Serrano de los Santos, Felipe René
name: Legorreta-Soberanis, José
name: Zuluaga, Germán
name: Cockcroft, Anne
name: Andersson, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Comparison of groups as treated using GLMMs. The table shows the comparison of groups as treat using OR and 95% confidence intervals.
CO Depletion and Deuterium Fractionation in Prestellar Cores
Creators: name: Bacmann, Aurore
name: Lefloch, Bertrand
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Steinacker, Juergen
name: Castets, Alain
name: Loinard, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of D2CO in a sample of starless dense cores, in which we previously measured the degree of CO depletion. The deuterium fractionation is found extremely high, [D2CO]/[H2CO] ~ 1-10 %, similar to that reported in low-mass protostars. This provides convincing evidence that D2CO is formed in the cold pre-stellar cores, and later desorbed when the gas warms up in protostars. We find that the cores with the highest CO depletions have also the largest [D2CO]/[H2CO] ratios, supporting the theoretical prediction that deuteration increases with increasing CO depletion.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, accepted by ApJ Letters
Carbon Chain Depletion of 2I/Borisov
Creators: name: Kareta, Theodore
name: Andrews, Jennifer
name: Noonan, John W.
name: Harris, Walter M.
name: Smith, Nathan
name: O'Brien, Patrick
name: Sharkey, Benjamin N. L.
name: Reddy, Vishnu
name: Springmann, Alessondra
name: Lejoly, Cassandra
name: Volk, Kathryn
name: Conrad, Albert
name: Veillet, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composition of comets in the Solar System come in multiple groups thought to encode information about their formation in different regions of the outer protosolar disk. The recent discovery of the second interstellar object, 2I/Borisov, allows for spectroscopic investigations into its gas content and a preliminary classification of it within the Solar System comet taxonomies to test the applicability of planetesimal formation models to other stellar systems. We present spectroscopic and imaging observations from 2019 September 20th to October 26th at the Bok, MMT, and LBT telescopes. We identify CN in the comet's spectrum and set precise upper limits on the abundance of C2 on all dates. We use a Haser model to convert our integrated fluxes to production rates and find Q(CN) = 5.0 +/- 2.0 * 10^24 mol/s on September 20th and Q(CN) = 1.1 - 1.9 * 10^24 mol/s on later dates, both consistent with contemporaneous observations. We set our lowest upper limit on a C2 production rate, Q(C2) < 1.6 * 10^23 mol/s, on October 10th. The measured ratio upper limit for that date, Q(C2)/Q(CN) < 0.095 indicates that 2I/Borisov is strongly in the (carbon chain) 'depleted' taxonomic group. The only comparable Solar System comets have detected ratios near this limit, making 2I/Borisov statistically likely to be more depleted than any known comet. Most 'depleted' comets are Jupiter Family Comets, perhaps indicating a similiarity in formation conditions between the most depleted of the JFCs and 2I/Borisov. More work is needed to understand the applicability of our knowledge of Solar System comet taxonomies onto interstellar objects, and we discuss future work that could help clarify the usefulness of the approach.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, in revision at Astrophysical Journal Letters with new data
Platorchestia platensis C. S. SEREJO
Creators: name: Serejo, C. S.
name: Lowry, J. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Talitridae
Platorchestia
Platorchestia platensis

description: Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845)
Figs 25–26
 Platorchestia platensis.– Stock, 1996: 153, Figs 2D, 3D; Jo, 1988: 166, fig. 8; Miyamoto & Morino, 2004: 81: fig. 7; Serejo, 2004: 19: fig. 10.
 Material examined. Type material of Orchestia platensis Krøyer, 1854, PARALECTOTYPES: male, 6.8 mm, female, 7.6 mm, ZMC CRU7803, Rio de la Plata, Montevideo, Uruguay.
 Diagnosis. Outer plate of maxilla 2 with pectinate setae. Male antenna 2 and pereopod 7 strongly sexually dimorphic. Carpus of pereopod 7 incrassate, laterally elliptic. Male gnathopod 1 cuspidactylate. Male gnathopod 2 with palm sinuous, lacking conspicuous notch; dactylus not narrowing distally. Coxa 6 posterior lobe with anterodistal corner subquadrate, with process, 1–3 marginal setae, posterior margin perpendicular to ventral margin. Pleopod 1 lacking marginal setae. Pleopod 2 with 4 median marginal robust setae; pleopod 3 with 4 median marginal robust setae. Coxal gills convoluted or simple. Pereopods 3–5 gills smaller than gills 2 and 6. Oostegites 2–4 moderately setose (around 20 setae). Oostegite 5 with 9 setae, posterior margin with fewer setae than anterior margin.
 Remarks. Considering the similarity of P. platensis with P. paraplatensis n.sp. herein described, other characters, based on the lectotype, such as shape of coxa 6, oostegite 5 setae, and number of setae on pleopods of the former species were observed and used to differentiate these taxa as discussed above. Recent studies on Platorchestia, including P. platensis, were based on material from Europe (Jo, 1988; Miyamoto & Morino, 2004), despite the fact that the type locality of this species is Montevideo, Uruguay. Small differences were noted when comparing the type material with some European redescriptions of P. platensis, such as the dactylus of gnathopod 2, which is narrowing distally in material from Kent, England (Miyamoto & Morino, 2004) (versus not narrowing), the palm of gnathopod 2, which is notched (versus sinuous), and the dactylus of gnathopod 1 in Denmark specimens (Jo, 1988), which fits the palm (versus shorter). As new characters of the P. platensis complex come to light it is important for future studies on the group to show clearly the diagnostic features noted herein for an accurate assessment. For the time being, we consider the European species as P. platensis, although a careful examination from the southern population of Montevideo with the European specimens may prove that we are dealing with different taxa. Genetic studies would be helpful in this case.
description: Published as part of Serejo, C. S. & Lowry, J. K., 2008, The Coastal Talitridae (Amphipoda: Talitroidea) of Southern and Western Australia, with Comments on Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845), pp. 161-206 in Records of the Australian Museum 60 (2) on page 194, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1491, http://zenodo.org/record/5238681
Evaluation of urine dipsticks for quality control of residual erythrocytes and leukocytes in leukocyte-depleted donor plasma
Creators: name: Ekblom, Kim
name: Petersson, Annika
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Currently used methodologies for quality control of residual leukocytes and erythrocytes in leukocyte-depleted plasma are either expensive or time-consuming. It has been proposed that urine dipsticks could be used as a screening method for residual erythrocytes. The aim was, therefore, to evaluate if urine dipsticks could be used to detect residual erythrocytes and also residual leukocytes in leukocyte-depleted plasma. Dilution series ranging over the decision limits for residual erythrocytes and leukocytes were prepared. Positive, negative and overall agreements, as well as the precision and joint frequency distributions, were calculated for five dipstick analyzers and their corresponding dipsticks. Twenty-four consecutive leukocyte-depleted donor plasma samples were also tested. None of the dipstick analyzers had both a high positive and a high negative agreement. Accordingly, none of the analyzers were able to discriminate between cell concentrations close to the decision limits. The inconsistency count revealed differences in precision between the dipstick analyzers. In the 24 consecutive donor samples, no significant correlation between the dipstick analyzers and the reference methods were found. In conclusion, urine dipsticks are not suitable for quality control of residual leukocytes and erythrocytes in leukocyte-depleted donor plasma.
Mix and sequencing of economywide and agricultural reforms: Chile and New Zealand
Creators: name: Valdes, Alberto
name: Valdes, Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development

description: Once committed to economywide and sectoral reforms- stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization - and companion reforms of institutions, how does government best proceed? With what reforms in response to initial conditions, and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? This study examines what factors were most critical to success during transition in two early reformers. The economies of Chile and New Zealand have undergone seismic reforms, starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, respectively. Comparative analysis of their reforms look at the prior conditions that induced drastic action and the policy choices made in each country. Though similar in many respects, differences in initial economic conditions and implementation led to dissimilar, even contrary results. For Chile, the outcome was a vigorous, recharged economy and agricultural sector; for New Zealand, the economy and the sector are lagging still. How policy choice and implementation, as well as simultaneity of reforms, affected the outcomes is the major thrust of the study. The preeminence of trade and macroeconomic policies over sectoral interventions, and in particular the strategic nature of the real exchange rate in allowing agriculture to compete domestically and internationally highlight the discussion.
Critical structure factor in Ising systems
Creators: name: Martin-Mayor, Victor
name: Pelissetto, Andrea
name: Vicari, Ettore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation of the three-dimensional Ising model on simple cubic lattices of size L^3 with L=128 and 256. We determine the corresponding structure factor (Fourier transform of the two-point function) and compare it with several approximations and with experimental results. We also compute the turbidity as a function of the momentum of the incoming radiation, focusing in particular on the deviations from the Ornstein-Zernicke expression of Puglielli and Ford.
description: 16 pages
Implications of agricultural trade liberalization for the developing countries
Creators: name: Brandão, Antônio Salazar P.
name: Martin, Will J.
name: Brandão, Antônio Salazar P.
name: Martin, Will J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: The developing countries as a group could expect to experience only small welfare gains if they chose not to actively participate in agricultural trade liberalization and relied solely on the benefits of partial liberalization in the OECD countries. Participation along the lines of the Dunkel package, with the developing countries reducing positive assistance by less than the developed countries, would yield gains of the order of US $20 billion. More comprehensive participation in trade liberalization involving reductions of both positive and negative protection would almost triple these welfare gains. While some developing countries do not gain from trade liberalization even with full participation, the number of such countries and the magnitude of their losses are greatly reduced.
First Detection of Plasmoids from Breakout Reconnection on the Sun
Creators: name: Kumar, Pankaj
name: Karpen, Judith T.
name: Antiochos, Spiro K.
name: Wyper, Peter F.
name: DeVore, C. Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transient collimated plasma ejections (jets) occur frequently throughout the solar corona, in active regions, quiet Sun, and coronal holes. Although magnetic reconnection is generally agreed to be the mechanism of energy release in jets, the factors that dictate the location and rate of reconnection remain unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that the magnetic breakout model explains the triggering and evolution of most jets over a wide range of scales, through detailed comparisons between our numerical simulations and high-resolution observations. An alternative explanation, the resistive-kink model, invokes breakout reconnection without forming and explosively expelling a flux rope. Here we report direct observations of breakout reconnection and plasmoid formation during two jets in the fan-spine topology of an embedded bipole. For the first time, we observed the formation and evolution of multiple small plasmoids with bidirectional flows associated with fast reconnection in 3D breakout current sheets in the solar corona. The first narrow jet was launched by reconnection at the breakout current sheet originating at the deformed 3D null, without significant flare reconnection or a filament eruption. In contrast, the second jet and release of cool filament plasma were triggered by explosive breakout reconnection when the leading edge of the rising flux rope formed by flare reconnection beneath the filament encountered the preexisting breakout current sheet. These observations solidly support both reconnection-driven jet models: the resistive kink for the first jet, and the breakout model for the second explosive jet with a filament eruption.
description: ApJ Letters (in press), 13 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of BEFRIENding for Depression, Anxiety and Social support in older adults living in Australian residential aged care facilities (BEFRIENDAS): randomised controlled trial protocol
Creators: name: Doyle, Colleen
name: Bhar, Sunil
name: Bryant, Christina
name: Dow, Briony
name: Dunt, David
name: Mnatzaganian, George
name: O’Connor, Daniel
name: Ratcliffe, Julie
name: You, Emily
name: Bagnall, Anne-Marie
name: Major, Georgia
name: Harper, Robin
name: Fearn, Marcia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist – checklist of recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol
Trade and agricultural development in the 1980s and the challenges for the 1990s: Asia
Creators: name: Bautista, Romeo M.
name: Bautista, Romeo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: Asian developing countries have had varying experiences in trade and agricultural development in the 1980s, attributable in part to their differing stages of economic development and structural characteristics. Other important influences relate to the external economic environment and the policy choices made by their governments not only during the period but also in the preceding decade. The achievements of Asian developing countries under the adverse external conditions of the 1980s are discussed in terms of their macroeconomic and agricultural growth, the commodity structure of agricultural growth, their food production and trade, the expansion and diversification of their agricultural exports, and the policy and nonpolicy factors affecting them. Special attention is given to the role of policy reforms implemented in China and the South Asian countries, following similar policy developments in Northeast and Southeast Asia in the 1960s and 1970s, toward greater openness in their trade regime and increased private-sector participation in the economy. These reforms have contributed to the observed acceleration in GOP, agricultural, and export growth in the 1980s. However, macroeconomic imbalances have emerged that threaten the sustainability of economic liberalization in those countries. The major challenges for the 1990s also differ among the Asian developing countries. In the industrially advanced Northeast economies of Taiwan and South Korea, the primary need is to ease the transition of the remaining rural population as farm incomes continue to fall and workers move to industrial and service activities. This challenge has to be addressed in the context of growing external pressure to further open their domestic market for agricultural imports. Among the Southeast and South Asian countries, there is a need to reduce the existing policy biases against agriculture, particularly against export crop production. Moreover, China and the South Asian countries face the additional challenges of continuing to deregulate their trade regime and internal markets, and of promoting macroeconomic stability. Despite the external trend recently toward regionalism, Asian developing countries generally seem committed to an open trading system, on which in fact their past impressive economic performance has been predicated. An important challenge for them in the 1990s is to play an active role in arresting and reversing any protectionist tendencies arising from the formation of regional trading blocs and to support multilateral initiatives such as the Uruguay Round that promote global trade liberalization.