Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield 1851
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus pearsonii

description: 108. <i>Pearson’s Horseshoe</i> Bat <i> Rhinolophus <i>pearsonii</i> </i> French: Rhinolophe <i>de Pearson</i> / <b>German:</b> Pearson-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura de <i>Pearson</i> Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus pearsonii</i> Horsfield, 1851, “ Daijeeling,” West Bengal, India. <i>Rhinolophus pearsonii</i> is placed in the <i>pearsonii</i> species group. Distributional limits of races are uncertain. Two subspecies <i>recognized</i>. Subspecies <b>and</b> Distribution. <i>R. p.</i> <i>pearsonii</i> Horsfield, 1851 - N India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, <i>West</i> Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram), Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,, S &amp; SE China (<i>Xizang</i>, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. <i>R.p.</i> <i>chinensis</i> K. Andersen, 1905 - SE China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and <i>Fujian</i>). Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head-body 54-68 mm, tail 16-29 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 47-57 mm; weight 13-20 g. Fur is dense and long with a woolly texture; dorsal pelage is mid-chestnut brown, while ventral pelage is lighter. Ears are large. Noseleaf has a moderately long and generally triangular lancet <i>that</i> is nearly parallel-sided; connecting process originates at the sella tip and forms a low round arch; sella is widened <i>basally</i>, suddenly constricted for the rest, being parallel-sided up to the rounded tip; horseshoe is wide (9-8-12- 8 mm), completely covering the muzzle, and has a deep median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Baculum is relatively small; basal cone is large and dorso-proximal margin is deeply notched; ventral incision <i>of</i> the base is shaped like equilateral triangular, with a <i>widely</i> rounded distal portion; dorsal knob of the base is <i>very</i> high; ventral surface of the base has a wide median depression; shaft is dorsoventrally expanded and laterally flattened; tip is nearly rounded. Skull is strong (zygomatic width greater than mastoid width); braincase is wide and short; zygomatics are massive; anterior median swellings are low and longer than wide; lateral swellings are well developed; posterior swellings are small; sagittal crest is high to <i>very</i> high; supraorbital crests are moderately developed; frontal depression is moderately developed. C1 is not exceptionally strong; P2 is small to medium-sized with a small cusp, and is generally within the tooth row but sometimes slightly extruded; P3 <i>is</i> small to very small and extruded to a variable extent from the tooth row, or occasionally missing; P2 and <i>P</i> 4 are touching. Dental formula is the typical of 32 teeth or 30 when a lower premolar <i>is</i> missing. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 62 (Guizhou), or 2n = 42 and FNa = 64 (Anhui). <b>Habitat.</b> Montane forests, bamboo forests, cultivated areas, and limestone areas. Recorded at elevations of 160-3380 m. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Pearson’s Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> forages for insects by aerial-hawking and perch-hunting. It appears to feed mainly on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera but has also been reported feeding, in smaller quantities, on Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Megaloptera, and Plecoptera. In Jiangxi, China, during summer, diet consisted of Coleoptera (57-7% by volume), Lepidoptera (24-7%), Hemiptera (15-9%), Hymenoptera (0-35%), Orthoptera (0-39%), Homoptera (0-42%), and unknown arthropod remains (0-46%). <b>Breeding.</b> <i>Young</i> have been reported in May and June in China. <b>Activity patterns.</b> In South Asia, Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat roosts by day in caves in hilly areas; it appears to be associated with limestone caves. <i>Oddly</i>, this species has been observed torpid or in hibernation while other <i>Rhinolophus</i> species sharing the same cave are active, in Vietnam (in November) and Thailand (in July). Call shape is FM/ CF/FM with a peak F recorded at 63-9—70 kHz (Anhui, Jiangxi, and Fujian, China), 57-6-61-6 kHz (Guangxi, China), 65 kHz in Thailand, 53-6 kHz in Cambodia, and 56-59 kHz in Laos. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> Pearson’s Horseshoe Bats roost in small clusters in caves, with up to 35 bats reported in clusters in Thailand. They have been observed roosting with other <i>Rhinolophus.</i> <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on <i>The JCN ed List.</i> In South Asia, while Pearson’s Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> is still common and widely distributed, a decline is suspected in the Himalayas because of continuous habitat degradation due to deforestation for timber and firewood, and conversion of the land for agricultural use. <b>It</b> is common in South-east Asia. <b>Bibliography.</b> Bates &amp; Harrison (1997), Bates, Bumrungsri &amp; Csorba (2008e), Bates, Thi Mar-Mar et al. (2004), Chen Min et al. (2004), Chheang <i>et al.</i> (2013), Csorba <i>et al.</i> (2003), Francis (2008a), Hill (1986 <i>b</i>), <i>Jiang Tinglei</i>, Feng Jiang et al. (2008), <i>Jiang Tinglei</i>, Lu Guanjun et al. (2013), <i>Khan</i> (2001), <i>Kruskop</i> (2013a), Lunde et al. (2007), Mao Xiuguang, <i>NieWenhui</i> et al. (2007), Mao Xiuguang, Zhang Shuyi &amp; <i>Rossiter</i> (2016), Molur <i>et</i> al. (2002), Sinha (1973), Smith &amp; <i>XieYan</i> (2008), Srinivasulu &amp; Srinivasulu (2012), Stoffberg et <i>al.</i> (2010), <i>Zhang Libiao</i>, Jones et <i>al.</i> (2009), Zhang Lin et <i>al.</i> (2018), Zhang Weidao (1985), Zhou Jiang et <i>al.</i> (2002).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 332, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525