cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based guidelines for supportive care of patients with Ebola virus disease
Creators: name: Adachi, T.
name: Vallenas, C.
name: Soka, M.J.
name: Fowler, R.A.
name: Hoffman, S.J.
name: Jacob, S.T.
name: Brett-Major, D.M.
name: Benhadj, L.
name: Fischer, W.A., II
name: Murthy, S.
name: Uyeki, T.M.
name: Gove, S.
name: Lamah, M.-C.
name: Clément, C.
name: Norris, S.L.
name: Hall, A.
name: Edwin, A.
name: Lamontagne, F.
name: Hazzan, A.A.
name: Guyatt, G.H.
name: Siemieniuk, R.A.
name: Shepherd, S.
name: Garcia, A.
name: Kamara, R.
name: Crozier, I.
name: Bausch, D.G.
name: Nakyeyune, P.
name: Reed, P.
name: Elkarsany, M.M.
name: Jacobs, M.
name: Adhikari, N.K.
name: Levine, A.C.
name: Fletcher, T.E.
Publisher: name: Lancet Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: The 2013–16 Ebola virus disease outbreak in west Africa was associated with unprecedented challenges in the provision of care to patients with Ebola virus disease, including absence of pre-existing isolation and treatment facilities, patients' reluctance to present for medical care, and limitations in the provision of supportive medical care. Case fatality rates in west Africa were initially greater than 70%, but decreased with improvements in supportive care. To inform optimal care in a future outbreak of Ebola virus disease, we employed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to develop evidence-based guidelines for the delivery of supportive care to patients admitted to Ebola treatment units. Key recommendations include administration of oral and, as necessary, intravenous hydration; systematic monitoring of vital signs and volume status; availability of key biochemical testing; adequate staffing ratios; and availability of analgesics, including opioids, for pain relief.
Natura giuridica delle organizzazioni autonome decentrate (DAO)
Creators: name: Banchio, Pablo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The DAOs, dall'acronimo inglese di Organizzazioni Autonome Decentrate sono una nuova forma di organizzazione decentralizzata e autonoma che sta emergenando nel mondo delle criptovalute basate sulla tecnologia blockchain e nella separazione dei processi decisionali.  Il suo funzionamento è governato da una serie di regole programmatiche, che vengono eseguite automaticamente senza la necessità di un intervento umano.  Questo permette loro di operare in modo indipendente e autonomamente, senza richiedere un'entità centralizzata per controllarli.

Così come abbiamo già fatto con l'intelligenza artificiale. Sosteniamo che il DAO dovrebbe avere uno status giuridico specifico e specifico, con uno status giuridico particolare, che noi postulo si chiama "società autonoma" o "società autonoma decentralizzata" in modo tale che il diritto sociale possa far fronte alla  Le sfide dello sviluppo sociale e tecnologico e il contenimento di questa nuova forma di organizzazione collettiva all'interno della sua corretta logica sistemica.
Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) Scores in Influenza-Positive Patients
Creators: name: Stringer, S.
name: Memoli, M.J.
name: Ridoré, M.
name: DuVal, A.
name: Smolskis, M.C.
name: Dugas, A.
name: Arnold, J.C.
name: Pett, S.
name: Ortega-Gallegos, H.
name: Ruiz-Palacios, G.M.
name: Bacci, E.D.
name: Millar, E.V.
name: Hernández, A.
name: Fairchok, M.P.
name: Rodríguez-Zulueta, P.
name: Gillor, D.
name: Powers, J.H., III
name: Fischer, W.
name: Leidy, N.K.
name: Burgess, T.H.
name: Chen, W.-J.
name: Lalani, T.
name: Danaher, P.J.
name: Han, A.
name: Kim, K.
name: Macias, L.M.
name: Guerrero, M.L.
name: Rothman, R.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Objectives: To assess the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) scores for quantifying the presence and severity of influenza symptoms. Methods: An observational prospective cohort study of adults (≥18 years) with influenza-like illness in the United States, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and South America was conducted. Participants completed the 37-item draft FLU-PRO daily for up to 14 days. Item-level and factor analyses were used to remove items and determine factor structure. Reliability of the final tool was estimated using Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficients (2-day reliability). Convergent and known-groups validity and responsiveness were assessed using global assessments of influenza severity and return to usual health. Results: Of the 536 patients enrolled, 221 influenza-positive subjects comprised the analytical sample. The mean age of the patients was 40.7 years, 60.2% were women, and 59.7% were white. The final 32-item measure has six factors/domains (nose, throat, eyes, chest/respiratory, gastrointestinal, and body/systemic), with a higher order factor representing symptom severity overall (comparative fit index = 0.92; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). Cronbach α was high (total = 0.92; domain range = 0.71–0.87); test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, day 1–day 2) was 0.83 for total scores and 0.57 to 0.79 for domains. Day 1 FLU-PRO domain and total scores were moderately to highly correlated (≥0.30) with Patient Global Rating of Flu Severity (except nose and throat). Consistent with known-groups validity, scores differentiated severity groups on the basis of global rating (total: F = 57.2, P < 0.001; domains: F = 8.9–67.5, P < 0.001). Subjects reporting return to usual health showed significantly greater (P < 0.05) FLU-PRO score improvement by day 7 than did those who did not, suggesting score responsiveness. Conclusions: Results suggest that FLU-PRO scores are reliable, valid, and responsive to change in influenza-positive adults.
A quantum theory of thermodynamic relaxation
Creators: name: Tsekov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach to quantum Markov processes is developed and the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is derived. The latter is examined to reproduce known results from classical and quantum physics. It was also applied to the phase-space description of a mechanical system thus leading to a new treatment of this problem different from the Wigner presentation. The equilibrium probability density obtained in the mixed coordinate-momentum space is a reasonable extension of the Gibbs canonical distribution.
Ebola virus disease: an update on post-exposure prophylaxis
Creators: name: Davey, R.T., Jr
name: Vetter, P.
name: Hayden, F.G.
name: Uyeki, T.M.
name: Burgess, T.
name: Jacobs, M.
name: Fowler, R.
name: Mehta, A.K.
name: Mayers, D.L.
name: Jahrling, P.B.
name: Kalil, A.C.
name: Fischer, W.A., II
name: Bausch, D.G.
Publisher: name: Lancet Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: The massive outbreak of Ebola virus disease in west Africa between 2013 and 2016 resulted in intense efforts to evaluate the efficacy of several specific countermeasures developed through years of preclinical work, including the first clinical trials for therapeutics and vaccines. In this Review, we discuss how the experience and data generated from that outbreak have helped to advance the understanding of the use of these countermeasures for post-exposure prophylaxis against Ebola virus infection. In future outbreaks, post-exposure prophylaxis could play an important part in reducing community transmission of Ebola virus by providing more immediate protection than does immunisation as well as providing additional protection for health-care workers who are inadvertently exposed over the course of their work. We propose provisional guidance for use of post-exposure prophylaxis in Ebola virus disease and identify the priorities for future preparedness and further research.
Performance of the inFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) diary in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI)
Creators: name: Guerrero, M.L.
name: Ruiz-Palacios, G.M.
name: Hernández, A.
name: Coles, C.
name: Millar, E.V.
name: Owens, J.
name: Bacci, E.D.
name: Chen, W.-J.
name: Powers, J.H., III
name: Rodríguez-Zulueta, P.
name: Fischer, W.
name: Arnold, J.C.
name: Stringer, S.
name: Macias, L.M.
name: Han, A.
name: Ridore, M.
name: DuVal, A.
name: Leidy, N.K.
name: Rothman, R.
name: Burgess, T.H.
name: Gillor, D.
name: Galindo-Fraga, A.
name: Danaher, P.J.
name: Pett, S.
name: Poon, J.-L.
name: Lalani, T.
name: Dugas, A.
name: Memoli, M.J.
name: Fairchok, M.P.
name: Ortega-Gallegos, H.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2018

description: Background The inFLUenza Patient Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) measure is a daily diary assessing signs/symptoms of influenza across six body systems: Nose, Throat, Eyes, Chest/Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Body/Systemic, developed and tested in adults with influenza. Objectives This study tested the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of FLU-PRO scores in adults with influenza-like illness (ILI). Methods Data from the prospective, observational study used to develop and test the FLU-PRO in influenza virus positive patients were analyzed. Adults (18 years) presenting with influenza symptoms in outpatient settings in the US, UK, Mexico, and South America were enrolled, tested for influenza virus, and asked to complete the 37-item draft FLU-PRO daily for up to 14-days. Analyses were performed on data from patients testing negative. Reliability of the final, 32-item FLU-PRO was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha (α; Day 1) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; 2-day reproducibility). Convergent and known-groups validity were assessed using patient global assessments of influenza severity (PGA). Patient report of return to usual health was used to assess responsiveness (Day 1–7). Results The analytical sample included 220 ILI patients (mean age = 39.3, 64.1% female, 88.6% white). Sixty-one (28%) were hospitalized at some point in their illness. Internal consistency reliability (α) of FLU-PRO Total score was 0.90 and ranged from 0.72–0.86 for domain scores. Reproducibility (Day 1–2) was 0.64 for Total, ranging from 0.46–0.78 for domain scores. Day 1 FLU-PRO scores correlated (0.30) with the PGA (except Gastrointestinal) and were significantly different across PGA severity groups (Total: F = 81.7, p<0.001; subscales: F = 6.9–62.2; p<0.01). Mean score improvements Day 1–7 were significantly greater in patients reporting return to usual health compared with those who did not (p<0.05, Total and subscales, except Gastrointestinal and Eyes). Conclusions Results suggest FLU-PRO scores are reliable, valid, and responsive in adults with influenza-like illness. This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
Energy Transitions from Cameroon to Illinois
Creators: name: Pene, Astrid
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: electricity
subject: transportation
subject: agriculture
subject: hydroelectric power
subject: dams
subject: nuclear energy
subject: electric cars
subject: solar power
subject: climate change
subject: skepticism

description: Astrid Pene interviews Felix Pene, about the energy transitions he has witnessed growing up in Cameroon, studying in France, and living in the United States. Pene describes his career path, from studying electronics in school, to becoming a journalist in Cameroon, to working as a parking attendant, plumber, and cab driver in the United States, to eventually becoming a biomedical engineer. He discusses his childhood in Cameroon, in a village with no running water or electricity. He recalls traditional agriculture, using a hoe and a machete to cultivate coffee and other crops. Pene also reflects on later moving to a city, remembering the process of drawing water from the river, hydroelectric power from dams, and encountering streetlights for the first time. He also discusses moving to France to study, emphasizing the city's running water, Metro, and reliance on electricity (from nuclear energy and hydroelectric dams). Pene talks about owning a hybrid car, using solar panels, and observing wind turbines in Illinois, also reflecting on the challenge of climate denialism and expressing hopes for the future of electric vehicles and renewable energy.
To the editor
Creators: name: Fischer, W.A., II
name: Fletcher, T.E.
name: Jacob, S.T.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2016

description: To the Editor: In their study, van Griensven et al. (Jan. 7 issue)1 found no significant survival benefit of using convalescent plasma with unknown levels of neutralizing antibodies in patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD).
An Investigation of Diachronic Trends in El Paso Polychrome Painted Designs of the Jornada Mogollon
Creators: name: Kurota, Alexander
name: Seltzer-Rogers, Thatcher
name: Legare, Lora Jackson
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Southern New Mexico
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/10517/southern-new-mexico
subject: Dona Ana Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5871/dona-ana-phase
subject: Jornada Mogollon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6035/jornada-mogollon
subject: El Paso Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5863/el-paso-phase
subject: Mogollon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5980/mogollon
subject: Jornada Mogollon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/2000/jornada-mogollon
subject: Mogollon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/34/mogollon
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Collections Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/3/collections-research

description: These are the images and drawings used in the El Paso Polychrome Subtype Design Study article authored by Alexander Kurota, Thatcher Seltzer-Rogers, and Lora Jackson Legare. They originate from numerous institutions, web sources, and colleagues. Images/drawings cannot be published/used without permission of the authors/permission holders (i.e., museums).
Clinical presentation of patients with ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea
Creators: name: Shindo, N.
name: Sprecher, A.
name: Baggi, M.F.M.
name: Soropogui, B.
name: Lawler, J.V.
name: Bah, E.I.
name: Vallenas, C.
name: Lamontagne, F.
name: Mayet, T.
name: Faye, O.
name: Bausch, D.G.
name: Saliou, S.M.
name: Jagatic, T.
name: Jacob, S.T.
name: Clement, C.
name: Faye, O.
name: Pinto, R.
name: Jacquerioz, F.A.
name: Moumié, B.
name: Mardel, S.
name: Fletcher, T.
name: Fischer, W.A.
name: Sall, A.A.
name: Fowler, R.A.
name: Brett-Major, D.M.
name: Magassouba, N.
name: Koivogui, L.
name: Lamah, M.-C.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2015

description: Background In March 2014, the World Health Organization was notified of an outbreak of Zaire ebolavirus in a remote area of Guinea. The outbreak then spread to the capital, Conakry, and to neighboring countries and has subsequently become the largest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) to date. Methods From March 25 to April 26, 2014, we performed a study of all patients with laboratoryconfirmed EVD in Conakry. Mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included patient characteristics, complications, treatments, and comparisons between survivors and nonsurvivors. Results Of 80 patients who presented with symptoms, 37 had laboratory-confirmed EVD. Among confirmed cases, the median age was 38 years (interquartile range, 28 to 46), 24 patients (65%) were men, and 14 (38%) were health care workers; among the health care workers, nosocomial transmission was implicated in 12 patients (32%). Patients with confirmed EVD presented to the hospital a median of 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7) after the onset of symptoms, most commonly with fever (in 84% of the patients; mean temperature, 38.6°C), fatigue (in 65%), diarrhea (in 62%), and tachycardia (mean heart rate, >93 beats per minute). Of these patients, 28 (76%) were treated with intravenous fluids and 37 (100%) with antibiotics. Sixteen patients (43%) died, with a median time from symptom onset to death of 8 days (interquartile range, 7 to 11). Patients who were 40 years of age or older, as compared with those under the age of 40 years, had a relative risk of death of 3.49 (95% confidence interval, 1.42 to 8.59; P = 0.007). Conclusions Patients with EVD presented with evidence of dehydration associated with vomiting and severe diarrhea. Despite attempts at volume repletion, antimicrobial therapy, and limited laboratory services, the rate of death was 43%.
Doing today's work superbly well - Treating ebola with current tools
Creators: name: Lamontagne, F.
name: Clément, C.
name: Fletcher, T.
name: Fowler, R.A.
name: Jacob, S.T.
name: Fischer, W.A., II
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 2014

description: The Ebola outbreak that is ravaging West Africa is a daily staple of the lay press and of scholarly medical publications. Ebola evokes fear among both the public and clinicians. It also evokes a sort of therapeutic nihilism — after all, if there is no treatment, what can be done? And without an Ebola-specific antiviral medication, of what use are infectious-disease clinicians? Without oxygen, let alone mechanical ventilators, how can acute and critical care clinicians possibly contribute?
Global burden of influenza as a cause of cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality
Creators: name: Gong, M.
name: Bhagwanjee, S.
name: Sevransky, J.
name: Fischer, W.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2014

description: Severe acute respiratory infections, including influenza, are a leading cause of cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality worldwide. Until recently, the epidemiology of influenza was limited to resource-rich countries. Emerging epidemiological reports characterizing the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, however, suggest that influenza exerts an even greater toll in low-income, resource-constrained environments where it is the cause of 5% to 27% of all severe acute respiratory infections. The increased burden of disease in this setting is multifactorial and likely is the result of higher rates of comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus, decreased access to health care, including vaccinations and antiviral medications, and limited healthcare infrastructure, including oxygen therapy or critical care support. Improved global epidemiology of influenza is desperately needed to guide allocation of life-saving resources, including vaccines, antiviral medications, and direct the improvement of basic health care tomitigate the impact of influenza infection on the most vulnerable populations.
Inhibition of ATP hydrolysis restores airway surface liquid production in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia
Creators: name: Stephan, H.
name: Alexis, N.E.
name: Morton, L.C.
name: O'Neal, W.K.
name: Ceppe, A.
name: Donaldson, S.
name: Lazarowski, E.R.
name: Anderson, W.H.
name: Button, B.
name: Dang, H.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: van Heusden, C.
Publisher: name: American Physiological Society
Year: 2020

description: Air way surface dehydration is a pathological feature of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic AMP-regulated Cl- channel controlled in part by the adenosine A2B receptor. An alternative CFTR-independent mechanism of fluid secretion is regulated by ATP via the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) that activates Ca2+-regulated Cl- channels (CaCC/TMEM16) and inhibits Na+ absorption. However, due to rapid ATP hydrolysis, steady-state ATP levels in CF airway surface liquid (ASL) are inadequate to maintain P2Y2Rmediated fluid secretion. Therefore, inhibiting airway epithelial ecto-ATPases to increase ASL ATP levels constitutes a strategy to restore airway surface hydration in CF. Using [γ32P]ATP as radiotracer, we assessed the effect of a series of ATPase inhibitory compounds on the stability of physiologically occurring ATP concentrations. We identified the polyoxometalate [Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]10- (POM-5) as the most potent and effective ecto-ATPase inhibitor in CF airway epithelial cells. POM-5 caused long-lasting inhibition of ATP hydrolysis in airway epithelia, which was reversible upon removal of the inhibitor. Importantly, POM-5 markedly enhanced steady-state levels of released ATP, promoting increased ASL volume in CF cell surfaces. These results provide proof of concept for ecto-ATPase inhibitors as therapeutic agents to restore hydration of CF airway surfaces. As a test of this notion, cell-free sputum supernatants from CF subjects were studied and found to have abnormally elevated ATPase activity, which was markedly inhibited by POM-5.
Using Local Operator Fluctuations to Identify Wave Function Improvements
Creators: name: Williams, Kiel T.
name: Wagner, Lucas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is developed that allows analysis of quantum Monte Carlo simulations to identify errors in trial wave functions. The purpose of this method is to allow for the systematic improvement of variational wave functions by identifying degrees of freedom that are not well-described by an initial trial state. We provide proof of concept implementations of this method by identifying the need for a Jastrow correlation factor, and implementing a selected multi-determinant wave function algorithm for small dimers that systematically decreases the variational energy. Selection of the two-particle excitations is done using quantum Monte Carlo within the presence of a Jastrow correlation factor, and without the need to explicitly construct the determinants. We also show how this technique can be used to design compact wave functions for transition metal systems. This method may provide a route to analyze and systematically improve descriptions of complex quantum systems in a scalable way.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
An integrated mathematical epithelial cell model for airway surface liquid regulation by mechanical forces
Creators: name: Button, B.
name: Wu, D.
name: Lin, C.-L.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Elston, T.
Publisher: name: Academic Press
Year: 2018

description: A robust method based on reverse engineering was utilized to construct the ion-channel conductance functions for airway epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC). The ion-channel conductance models for both normal (NL) and cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia were developed and then coupled to an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism model and a fluid transport model (collectively called the integrated cell model) to investigate airway surface liquid (ASL) volume regulation and hence mucus concentration, by mechanical forces in NL and CF human airways. The epithelial cell models for NL and CF required differences in Cl− secretion (decreased in CF) and Na+ absorption (raised in CF) to reproduce behaviors similar to in vitro epithelial cells exposed to mechanical forces (cyclic shear stress, cyclic compressive pressure and cilial strain) and selected modulators of ion channels and ATP release. The epithelial cell models were then used to investigate the effects of mechanical forces and evaporative flux on ASL and mucus homeostasis in both NL and CF airway epithelia. Because of reduced CF ASL volumes, CF mucus concentrations increased and produced a greater dependence of ASL volume regulation on cilia-mucus-ATP release interactions in CF than NL epithelial nodules. Similarly, the CF model was less tolerant to evaporation induced ASL volume reduction at all ATP release rates than the NL model. Consequently, this reverse engineered model appears to provide a robust tool for investigating CF pathophysiology and novel therapies.
title: Traumatic Brachial Plexus Preganglionic Injury: What to look for at MR Neurography?
Creators: name: Binaghi, Daniela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Neural networks
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review Magnetic Resonance Neurography (MRN) in traumatic brachial plexus injuries and highlighting the challenges in diagnosingthis complex pathology. In particular, we will review the direct and indirect findings allowing the diagnosis and...
(101859) Sarah Deakins Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(101856) Edward Colston Lucas
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Roles of mucus adhesion and cohesion in cough clearance
Creators: name: Lackey, E.
name: Rubinstein, M.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Dennis, R.G.
name: Atieh, E.
name: Shenkute, N.T.
name: Shenoy, S.
name: Button, B.
name: Williams, R.
name: Goodell, H.P.
name: Cai, L.-H.
name: Chen, Y.-C.
Publisher: name: National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2018

description: Clearance of intrapulmonary mucus by the high-velocity airflow generated by cough is the major rescue clearance mechanism in subjects with mucoobstructive diseases and failed cilial-dependent mucus clearance, e.g., subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies have investigated the mechanical forces generated at airway surfaces by cough but have not considered the effects of mucus biophysical properties on cough efficacy. Theoretically, mucus can be cleared by cough from the lung by an adhesive failure, i.e., breaking mucus-cell surface adhesive bonds and/or by cohesive failure, i.e., directly fracturing mucus. Utilizing peel-testing technologies, mucus-epithelial surface adhesive and mucus cohesive strengths were measured. Because both mucus concentration and pH have been reported to alter mucus biophysical properties in disease, the effects of mucus concentration and pH on adhesion and cohesion were compared. Both adhesive and cohesive strengths depended on mucus concentration, but neither on physiologically relevant changes in pH nor bicarbonate concentration. Mucus from bronchial epithelial cultures and patient sputum samples exhibited similar adhesive and cohesive properties. Notably, the magnitudes of both adhesive and cohesive strength exhibited similar velocity and concentration dependencies, suggesting that viscous dissipation of energy within mucus during cough determines the efficiency of cough clearance of diseased, hyperconcentrated, mucus. Calculations of airflow-induced shear forces on airway mucus related to mucus concentration predicted substantially reduced cough clearance in small versus large airways. Studies designed to improve cough clearance in subjects with mucoobstructive diseases identified reductions of mucus concentration and viscous dissipation as key therapeutic strategies.
Pathological mucus and impaired mucus clearance in cystic fibrosis patients result from increased concentration, not altered pH
Creators: name: Hill, D.B.
name: Tarran, R.
name: Gregory Forest, M.
name: Atieh, E.
name: Christy, M.
name: Habibpour, M.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Fontana, N.C.
name: Markovetz, M.R.
name: Button, B.
name: Long, R.F.
name: Garbarine, I.C.
name: Kissner, W.J.
Publisher: name: European Respiratory Society
Year: 2018

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease that is characterised by airway mucus plugging and reduced mucus clearance. There are currently alternative hypotheses that attempt to describe the abnormally viscous and elastic mucus that is a hallmark of CF airways disease, including: 1) loss of CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-dependent airway surface volume (water) secretion, producing mucus hyperconcentration-dependent increased viscosity, and 2) impaired bicarbonate secretion by CFTR, producing acidification of airway surfaces and increased mucus viscosity. A series of experiments was conducted to determine the contributions of mucus concentration versus pH to the rheological properties of airway mucus across length scales from the nanoscopic to macroscopic. For length scales greater than the nanoscopic, i.e. those relevant to mucociliary clearance, the effect of mucus concentration dominated over the effect of airway acidification. Mucus hydration and chemical reduction of disulfide bonds that connect mucin monomers are more promising therapeutic approaches than alkalisation.
The in vitro effect of nebulised hypertonic saline on human bronchial epithelium
Creators: name: Button, B.
name: Wu, D.
name: Goralski, J.L.
name: Thelin, W.R.
name: Boucher, R.C.
Publisher: name: European Respiratory Society
Year: 2018

description: Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) is an effective therapy for muco-obstructive lung diseases. However, the mechanism of action and principles pertinent to HS administration remain unclear. An in vitro system aerosolised HS to epithelial cells at rates comparable to in vivo conditions. Airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and cell height responses were measured by confocal microscopy under normal and hyperconcentrated mucus states. Aerosolised HS produced a rapid increase in ASL height and decrease in cell height. Added ASL volume was quickly reabsorbed following termination of nebulisation, although cell height did not recover within the same time frame. ASL volume responses to repeated HS administrations were blunted, but could be restored by a hypotonic saline bolus interposed between HS administrations. HS-induced ASL hydration was prolonged with hyperconcentrated mucus on the airway surface, with more modest reductions in cell volume. Aerosolised HS produced osmotically induced increases in ASL height that were limited by active sodium absorption and cell volume-induced reductions in cell water permeability. Mucus on airway surfaces prolonged the effect of HS via mucus-dependent osmotic forces, suggesting that the duration of action of HS is increased in patients with hyperconcentrated mucus.
(101857) Henry Napier Abbott
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Relativistic scaling laws for the light curve in supernovae
Creators: name: Zaninetti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to explain light curve (LC) for Supernova (SN) we derive a classical formula for the conversion of the flux of kinetic energy into radiation. We then introduce a correction for the absorption adopting an optical depth as function of the time. The developed framework allows to fit the LC of type Ia SN 2005cf ( B and V ) and type IIp SN 2004A (B,V,I and R ). A relativistic formula for the flux of kinetic energy is also derived in terms of a Taylor expansion and the application is done to the LC of GRB 050814. The decay of the radioactive isotopes as a driver the LC for SNs is also reviewed and a new formulation is introduced. The Arnett's formula for bolometric luminosity is corrected for the optical depth and applied to SN 2001ay.
description: 10 figures and 15 pages
title: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract: radiological findings
Creators: name: Camelo, Rita
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Staging
subject: Decision analysis
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this educational exhibit is to review mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of gastrointestinal tract, including its histopathological/ immunohistochemically findings, describe it pictorially and find out if there are any...
Una propuesta metodológica para realizar cambios de ingeniería de la industria automotriz en el estado de Aguascalientes, México.En esta sección se incluye el cuestionario utilizado para nuestra investigación.
Creators: name: Rodríguez González, Marcela
name: 0000-0001-5347-0805
name: 0000-0002-7026-7697
name: 0000-0003-0974-5431
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401404
subject: Industrial engineering

description: En este artículo se presentan los primeros resultados de una investigación cualitativa de tipo exploratoria, de la propuesta metodológica de las mejores prácticas que realizan en los cambios de ingeniería en las empresas automotrices del estado de Aguascalientes, México. La muestra sujeta a estudio es no probabilística o dirigida de tipo expertos. El instrumento de medición que se diseñó es un cuestionario, en el cual se evalúan 8 variables, las cuales reúnen la información de la actividades que se realizan en los departamentos de ingeniería, finanzas, planeación, ingeniería industrial, desarrollo de proveedores, calidad, mantenimiento y producción. Las empresas automotrices involucradas en esta investigación fueron ensambladoras, proveedores directos conocidos como proveedores de Nivel Uno ó Tier One; y los proveedores de Nivel Dos ó Tier Two. Los resultados preliminares presentados en este artículo son únicos, ya que el tema no ha sido abordado con profundidad. Dichos resultados beneficiarán a estas empresas y a las que quieran integrarse como proveedores de la industria automotriz; los beneficios mejorarán la gestión de un cambio de ingeniería, y en consecuencia la productividad. La evidencia que arroja el instrumento de medición, está dentro de los rangos mayores de la escala evaluada, en el nivel de cumpliendo; lo cual permite continuar con esta investigación y da la apertura para que otros investigadores sigan explorando el tema
title: Female pelvic floor dysfunction: the invaluable role of ultrasound.
Creators: name: Aparisi Gomez, Pilar
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pelvic floor dysfunction
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Pelvis
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purposes of this education exhibit are: - To describe the normal anatomy and functionality of pelvic floor structures on ultrasound. - To describe the indications, technique and protocol usedfor pelvic floor assessment with 2D, 3D and 4D...
Strain-tunable entangled-light-emitting diodes with high yield and fast operation speed
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiaxiang
name: Wildmann, Johannes S.
name: Ding, Fei
name: Trotta, Rinaldo
name: Huo, Yongheng
name: Zallo, Eugenio
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Rastelli, Armando
name: Schmidt, Oliver G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Triggered sources of entangled photons play crucial roles in almost any existing protocol of quantum information science. The possibility to generate these non-classical states of light with high speed and using electrical pulses could revolutionize the field. Entangled-light-emitting-diodes (ELEDs) based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are at present the only devices that can address this task 5. However, ELEDs are plagued by a source of randomness that hampers their practical exploitation in the foreseen applications: the very low probability (~10-2) of finding QDs with sufficiently small fine-structure-splitting for entangled-photon-generation. Here, we overcome this hurdle by introducing the first strain-tunable ELEDs (S-ELEDs) that exploit piezoelectric-induced strains to tune QDs for entangled-photon-generation. We demonstrate that up to 30% of the QDs in S-ELEDs emit polarization-entangled photon pairs with entanglement-fidelities as high as f+ = 0.83(5). Driven at the highest operation speed of 400 MHz ever reported so far, S-ELEDs emerge as unique devices for high-data rate entangled-photon applications.
description: 28 pages in total, including supplementary information. 5 figures
Mucus Hydration in Subjects with Stable Chronic Bronchitis: A Comparison of Spontaneous and Induced Sputum
Creators: name: Ceppe, A.
name: Alexis, N.E.
name: Davis, C.W.
name: Henderson, A.G.
name: Kesimer, M.
name: Peden, D.B.
name: Almond, M.
name: Anderson, W.H.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Lazarowski, E.R.
name: Button, B.
name: Qaqish, B.
name: Coakley, R.D.
name: Fuller, F.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Mucus hydration is important in mucus clearance and lung health. This study sought to test the relative utility of spontaneous sputum (SS) versus the reasonably noninvasive induced sputum (IS) samples for measurement of mucus hydration. SS and IS samples were collected over a 2-day study interval. Sputum was induced with escalating inhaled nebulized 3–5% hypertonic saline. Viscous portions of the samples (“plugs”) were utilized for percent solids and total mucin analyses. Cytokines, nucleotides/nucleosides and cell differentials were measured in plugs diluted into 0.1% Sputolysin. Overall, 61.5% of chronic bronchitis (CB) subjects produced a SS sample and 95.2% an IS sample. Total expectorate sample weights were less for the SS (0.94 ± 0.98 g) than the IS (2.67 ± 2.33 g) samples. Percent solids for the SS samples (3.56% ± 1.95; n = 162) were significantly greater than the IS samples (3.08% ± 1.81; n = 121), p = 0.133. Total mucin concentrations also exhibited a dilution of the IS samples: SS = 4.15 ± 3.23 mg/ml (n = 62) versus IS= 3.34 ± 2.55 mg/ml (n = 71) (p = 0.371). Total mucins (combined SS and IS) but not percent solids, were inversely associated with FEV 1 percent predicted (p = 0.052) and FEV 1 ,/FVC % (p = 0.035). There were no significant differences between sample types in cytokine or differential cell counts. The probability of sample collections was less for SS than IS samples. Measurements of hydration revealed modest dilution of the IS samples compared to SS. Thus for measurements of mucus hydration, both SS and IS samples appear to be largely interchangeable.
title: Vascular “Image-defined risk factors” in abdominal neuroblastoma received by ultrasonic diagnostic study
Creators: name: Begun, Igor
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Oncology
subject: Paediatric
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Power Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Staging
subject: Image registration
subject: Image verification
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The most common sites of origin of neuroblastic tumors are the adrenal region and extraadrenal retroperitoneum (65-73%). Clinical stage of diseaseis currently the most statistically significant and clinically relevant prognostic factor. In...
Towards an $H$-theorem for granular gases
Creators: name: de Soria, M. I. García
name: Maynar, P.
name: Mischler, S.
name: Mouhot, C.
name: Rey, T.
name: Trizac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $H$-theorem, originally derived at the level of Boltzmann non-linear kinetic equation for a dilute gas undergoing elastic collisions, strongly constrains the velocity distribution of the gas to evolve irreversibly towards equilibrium. As such, the theorem could not be generalized to account for dissipative systems: the conservative nature of collisions is an essential ingredient in the standard derivation. For a dissipative gas of grains, we construct here a simple functional $\mathcal H$ related to the original $H$, that can be qualified as a Lyapunov functional. It is positive, and results backed by three independent simulation approaches (a deterministic spectral method, the stochastic Direct Simulation Monte Carlo technique, and Molecular Dynamics) indicate that it is also non-increasing. Both driven and unforced cases are investigated.
Exploitation and Neocolonialism in Sudan
Creators: name: Baldo, Yasmine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: neocolonialism
subject: natural resources
subject: exploitation
subject: political unrest
subject: charcoal
subject: deforestation
subject: industrial agriculture
subject: logging
subject: global trade

description: Yasmine Baldo interviews Suliman Baldo about his experience growing up in Sudan and his career in humanitarian aid. Baldo begins by explaining his path from academia to becoming a community organizer, volunteering with communities facing natural disasters and political unrest. As a director for Oxfam, Baldo describes aiding communities dealing with the fallout of natural resource exploitation. Baldo also reflects on his childhood in western Sudan, relying on charcoal for cooking and witnessing deforestation nearby, as a result of industrial logging operations exporting charcoal to other countries. He describes the problem of desertification, along with the displacement of traditional farming communities due to industrial agriculture. Baldo discusses how resource disputes contributed to unrest and civil war and describes the introduction of solar energy and natural gas in Sudan. He also reflects on his experience working with the United Nations and other global conflict resolution organizations, witnessing exploitative neocolonial dynamics. Baldo concludes by describing leaving Sudan due to fears of persecution and explains the power of boycotts and international campaigns to end exploitation.
title: Pressure-standardized compression: a safe replacement for force-standardized compression in mammography?
Creators: name: Dam-Vervloet, Lida
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Image verification
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Physics
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In mammography flattening of the breast improves image quality and reduces radiation dose. Current compression techniques are based on applying force standardized compression. By using this technique breast size is not taken into account and leads...
title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of central catheter thrombosis in oncologic pediatric patients.
Creators: name: Burzynska, Zofia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Catheters
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Paediatric
subject: Oncology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: • To present indications for diagnostic imaging of tunneled central venous catheters in children. • To presentdiagnosticcapabilities of ultrasoundexamination in suspected catheter- related thrombotic complications. • To illustrate spectrum of...
(101858) William Henry Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Mucociliary Clearance in Mice Measured by Tracking Trans-tracheal Fluorescence of Nasally Aerosolized Beads
Creators: name: Rogers, T.D.
name: Livraghi-Butrico, A.
name: Ostrowski, L.E.
name: Button, B.
name: Grubb, B.R.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2018

description: Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the first line of defense in clearing airways. In genetically engineered mice, each component of this system (ciliary beat, mucus, airway surface hydration) can be studied separately to determine its contribution to MCC. Because MCC is difficult to measure in mice, MCC measurements are often omitted from these studies. We report a simple method to measure MCC in mice involving nasal inhalation of aerosolized fluorescent beads and trans-tracheal bead tracking. This method has a number of advantages over existing methods: (1) a small volume of liquid is deposited thus minimally disturbing the airway surface; (2) bead behavior on airways can be visualized; (3) useful for adult or neonatal mice; (4) the equipment is relatively inexpensive and easily obtainable. The type of anesthetic had no significant effect on the rate of MCC, but overloading the airways with beads significantly decreased MCC. In addition, the rate of bead transport was not different in alive (3.11 mm/min) vs recently euthanized mice (3.10 mm/min). A 5-min aerosolization of beads in a solution containing UTP significantly increased the rate of MCC, demonstrating that our method would be of value in testing the role of various pharmacological agents on MCC.