Parachondria (Chondropomorus) hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo 1937
Creators: name: Watters, G. Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Pomatiidae
Parachondria
Parachondria hispaniolae

description: Parachondria (Chondropomorus) hispaniolae (Clench & Aguayo, 1937)
Figures 3 H–O, 5 B
Type material. Chondropoma hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937: MCZ 28410, holotype; MCZ 92402(3), paratypes. Chondropoma gnote enneryense Bartsch, 1946: NMNH 471994, holotype. Chondropoma gnote tuobi Bartsch, 1946: NMNH 471991, holotype.
Type locality. Chondropoma hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937: “ Milot, Haití.” Chondropoma gnote enneryense Bartsch, 1946: “Summit of mountains near Ennery, Haiti.” Chondropoma gnote tuobi Bartsch, 1946: “Region of Sans Souci, Haiti.”
Type figured. Chondropoma hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937: pl. 7, figs. 1, 2. Chondropoma gnote enneryense Bartsch, 1946: Bartsch, 1946: pl. 2, fig. 7. Chondropoma gnote tuobi Bartsch, 1946: Bartsch, 1946: pl. 2, fig. 5.
Chresonymy. Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937: 64 –66, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2; Watters, 2006: 293–294.
H–O. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) hispaniolae (Clench & Aguayo, 1937). H. Chondropoma hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937: MCZ 28410, holotype, 13.3 mm, photo Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University ©President and Fellows of Harvard College. I. Chondropoma gnote tuobi Bartsch, 1946: NMNH 471991, holotype; 15.3 mm. J. Chondropoma gnote enneryense Bartsch, 1946: NMNH 471994, holotype., 14.0 mm. K, L. UF 218062, 15.2 mm. M. UF 218061, 13.8 mm. N. UF 218061, detail of spire. O. UF 218062, detail of suture.
P–W. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) samanicolus (Bartsch, 1946). P. Incertipoma samanicolum Bartsch, 1946: NMNH 369105, holotype, 21.0 mm. Q, R. UF 216516, 18.6 mm. S. UF 216516, 15.6. T. UF 216500, 17.6 mm. U. UF 216418, 18.1 mm. V. UF 216516, detail of spire. W. UF 216516, detail of suture.
X–AD. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) isabellinus new species. X, Y. UF 216474, holotype, 14.6 mm. Z. UF 216474, paratype 1, 18.5 mm. AA. UF 216474, paratype 3, 17.7 mm. AB. UF 216488, 19.8 mm. AC. UF 216474, holotype, detail of spire. AD. UF 216474, holotype, detail of suture.
AE–AK. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) muchai new species. AE, AF. UF 216486, holotype, 15.0 mm. AG. UF 216486, paratype 1, 14.4 mm. AH. UF 216486, paratype 2, 11.0 mm. AI. UF 216486, paratype 3, 12.2 mm (subadult). AJ. UF 216486, holotype, detail of spire. AK. UF 216486, holotype, detail of suture.
Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) gnote enneryense Bartsch, 1946: 15 –16, pl. 2, fig. 7; Ruhoff, 1973: 65; Watters, 2006: 274.
Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) gnote tuobi Bartsch, 1946: 16, pl. 2, fig. 5; Ruhoff, 1973: 136; Watters, 2006: 274.
Parachondria (Parachondria) gnote enneryensis (Bartsch, 1946). Watters, 2006: 46.
Parachondria (Parachondria) gnote tuobi (Bartsch, 1946). Watters, 2006: 46.
Parachondria (Parachondria) petitianus hispaniolae (Clench & Aguayo, 1937). Watters, 2006: 46, 293–294.
Chondropomorus gnote enneryensis (Bartsch, 1946). Watters, 2006: 274.
Chondropomorus gnote tuobi (Bartsch, 1946). Watters, 2006: 274.
non Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) petitianum hispaniolae “ Clench & Aguayo, 1937 ” Bartsch, 1946: 18, 20, pl. 2, fig. 1 [= P. arcisensis].
Material examined (66 specimens). Haiti. UF 216453(1); “ Haiti;” UF 216448(1), UF 216450(20), UF 216869(10), UF 218061(12), 750 m, Citadelle Laferrière, 6 km SSW of Milot, Départment du Nord; UF 218062(12), 910 m, Chaîne de Belance, 15 km SSW of Plaisance, Départment du Nord; UF 33149(10), 210 m, 7 km WNW of Ennery, Départment de l’Artibonite.
Distribution and habitat. This species is found on the upland slopes of the Massif du Nord from ca. 200–900 m in the region of Milot and Ennery. Bartsch (1946) reported C. g. tuobi from the type locality of Sans-Souci and “ 39.8 miles south of Cap Haïtien.” The latter seems unlikely. Bartsch (1946: 16) stated that the species “comes from the region of Sans Souci” but the second site is> 48 km south of Sans-Souci on a different mountain range.
Sans-Souci refers to the palace built by King Henri Christophe in the early 1800s; it is located near Milot, Départment du Nord. This was apparently a popular collecting site for malacologists in Haiti.
Clench & Aguayo (1937) included Furcy. The only Furcy known to me is south of Port-au-Prince> 130 km from Milot. This locality is either erroneous or based on a different species. I have not seen these specimens.
The species has been found on limestone rocks and rubble in scrub thickets. This species occupies nearly the same range as C. arcisensis.
Redescription. Shell thin, opaque, high-spired, elongate conic. Maximum adult size: 17.3 mm, decollate. Minimum adult size: 11.3 mm, decollate. Adult shell usually decollated. Protoconch of 1.5 minute, smooth whorls, pale tan or brown with dark brown band at suture, demarcation between protoconch and teleoconch not welldefined. Teleoconch of 4.5–5 whorls. Axial sculpture of final whorl of numerous (ca. 110) flattened, low cords separated by an equal space, obsolete below suture. Shell with irregularly spaced, weakly developed growth stoppage marks. Spiral sculpture of final whorl of ca. 30–35 low, indistinct cords, obsolete below suture and on base. Overall sculpture weakly fenestrate, polished, with plastic appearance. Umbilicus bounded by one distinct cord, smooth within. Suture not channeled. Blunt tufts composed of 1–3 slightly enlarged axial threads, separated by 1–3 non-enlarged axial elements, very irregularly spaced. Aperture oval, lip double, but inner lip may be fused to outer lip except for posterior border, nearly obsolete. Outer lip widely expanded, much narrower facing umbilicus; widely adnate with previous whorl. Low, wide, slightly concave auricles posteriorly and at 8 o’clock position. Color pattern complex and variable. Base color yellowish or tan. Well-defined, widely separated groups of dark spots arranged both axially and spirally, which continue as brown bands on both sides of outer and inner lips. Some specimens with diffuse brown patches and polished white regions as well. At least one continuous or interrupted brown band bounding umbilicus. Tufts white. Operculum paucispiral with heavy calcareous deposit forming pseudolamella, although this is fragile and often worn away.
Variation in specimens. Specimens differ in the degree of coloration, from being rather pale to having extensive dark patches.
Comparison with other species. The polished surface, generally bright colors, and large size differentiate this from its congeners. The pseudolamellate operculum is unique in the complex. Parachondria coroni to the south differs as well in its solute outer lip. Parachondria olssoni to the east has a single, unexpanded lip.
Remarks. Bartsch’s (1946: pl. 2, fig. 1) figure of C. hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937, is a misidentification for that species; Bartsch’s taxon is here described as P. arcisensis. Examination of Clench & Aguayo’s type (fig. 3 H) clearly identifies that species as both C. g. enneryensis and C. g. tuobi and is an earlier name.
Bartsch (1946) differentiated C. g. enneryensis from C. g. tuobi on the basis of the degree of coloration. Examination of additional material reveals that these differences are variable within and between populations.
The pseudolamellate operculum seen in this species is unexpected. This is a feature associated with the Barahona-Tiburon annulariid taxa, which are believed to be only distantly related to the group covered here (Skomrock, 2014). This appears to be a case of convergent evolution in the operculum of this family. In this complex it has only been found in this species.
Original descriptions. Chondropoma hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937: see Clench & Aguayo (1937: 64– 66). Chondropoma gnote enneryense Bartsch, 1946: see Bartsch (1946: 16–17). Chondropoma gnote tuobi Bartsch, 1946: see Bartsch (1946: 16).
Etymology. Chondropoma hispaniolae Clench & Aguayo, 1937: Hispaniola. Chondropoma gnote enneryense Bartsch, 1946: Ennery, Haiti. Chondropoma gnote tuobi Bartsch, 1946: Bartsch did not explain his specific epithet but his orthography of tuobi would suggest a masculine name although no such person is known to me. Rather, it is probable that it comes from the word “tuob” meaning “gold” in the extinct Ciguayo language. The Ciguayo were an aboriginal people of the region in Hispaniola. Some specimens have a golden hue.
description: Published as part of Watters, G. Thomas, 2016, Review of the Hispaniolan Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex (Gastropoda: Littorinoidea: Annulariidae), pp. 245-275 in Zootaxa 4127 (2) on pages 260-263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/271772