cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: L'optimisation des stratégies d'apprentissage par l'évaluation diagnostique des processus cognitifs et métacognitifs activés par l'élève dans une tâche de français au secondaire I
title: L'optimisation des stratégies d'apprentissage par l'évaluation diagnostique des processus cognitifs et métacognitifs activés par l'élève dans une tâche de français au secondaire I
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Brienza, Laure
name: Mèche, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Enseignement stratégique
subject: grille diagnostique
subject: processus cognitifs
subject: processus métacognitifs
subject: fonctionnement cognitif
subject: outil médiateur
subject: remédiation
subject: entretien d’explicitation

description: Cette recherche est une étude de cas, basée sur l’enseignement stratégique et l’approche cognitive de la remédiation développés par Pierre Vianin (2009). Nous avons testé sa grille d’évaluation diagnostique des processus cognitifs et métacognitifs mobilisés face à trois tâches de français au secondaire I. Le but était d’analyser la part de responsabilité des lacunes procédurales dans le traitement et le produit de tâches pour transférer aux élèves cette connaissance de leur fonctionnement cognitif, lors d’une remédiation, dans l’intention d’optimiser leurs stratégies d’apprentissage. Nous avons alors essayé de vulgariser ces concepts complexes grâce à un outil médiateur qui reprend la thématique des jeux vidéo afin qu’ils conscientisent ce qui se passe à l’intérieur de leur cerveau lorsqu’ils réalisent une tâche. Notre étude s’est déroulée en trois étapes (évaluation diagnostique / évaluation formative / évaluation sommative) avec trois participants de 10ème HarmoS. Chacun a pris part à trois entretiens individuels, espacés d’environ une semaine, avec l’une ou l’autre des chercheuses. Nous avons tout d’abord évalué les participants en compilant, à l’aide d’observations et grâce à des entretiens d’explicitation, une grille d’analyse de processus par tâche. Après avoir décelé les stratégies spontanées qu’utilisaient ou non les participants nous avons prévu une remédiation (évaluation formative) centrée sur le renforcement des processus manquants, ou mal utilisés. L’outil médiateur nous a permis de leur expliquer leur fonctionnement cognitif, mais aussi d’inscrire des conseils personnalisés sur les stratégies à employer. À la suite de cela, nous avons effectué une évaluation sommative pour nous rendre compte de l’impact qu’avait eu cette objectivation sur l’amélioration de leurs stratégies d’apprentissage et le rôle de l’outil médiateur dans ce processus. Cette étude de cas montre que la prise en compte, par l’enseignant, des processus cognitifs et métacognitifs est primordiale pour une évaluation juste et complète des productions d’un élève ; bien que difficile à mettre en place dans un enseignement standard. Pour l’élève, la conscientisation de son fonctionnement stratégique augmente son efficacité mais le transfert et l’autonomisation par le recours à l’outil médiateur sont des démarches qui prennent du temps et requièrent un suivi plus conséquent.
Memory Suppressor as Cognitive Enhancement
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2017
Subjects: Controversies
Employer/Employee Relationships
Ethics and Society
Human Enhancement
Military and Defense Research
Research and Practice
Workplace Ethics

description: A member of a lab studying the beta-blocker, Propranolol, to treat soldiers with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is violently physically assaulted. The PI suggests the Propranolol treatment could be helpful and lab members reflect on the possible outcomes of such a choice.
title: Die Suche nach Terahertz‐Materialien
title: Terahertz‐Physik im Nichtgleichgewicht, Teil 2
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Deinert, Jan‐Christoph
name: Kovalev, Sergey
name: Gensch, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: Terahertz‐Lücke
subject: Beschleunigung quasifreier Ladungsträger
subject: optoelektronischer Frequenzwandler
subject: Dirac‐Material
subject: topologischer Isolator

description: Der Terahertz‐Frequenzbereich umfasst ein technisch wenig erschlossenes Grenzgebiet im elektromagnetischen Spektrum. Es ist aber besonders interessant, weil es im niederenergetischen Bereich viele Eigenfrequenzen, komplexer Quantenphänomene enthält. Dafür stehen neuerdings intensive Terahertz‐Pulse aus spezialisierten Elektronenbeschleunigern zur Verfügung, die Teil 1 dieses Zweiteilers vorgestellt hat. Teil 2 widmet sich der gezielten Suche nach Materialien, die als Grundbausteine für zukünftige Terahertz‐Technologien geeignet sind. Der Schlüssel dazu ist die Beschleunigung quasifreier Ladungsträger durch das starke Terahertz‐Feld, was in bestimmten Materialien besonders nichtlineare Eigenschaften erzeugen kann. Hierfür erweisen sich topologische Isolatoren als sehr komplexe, aber vielversprechende Materialklasse. Sie könnten auch ultraschnelle optoelektronische Bauteile ermöglichen.
Comparing holographic dark energy models with statefinder
Creators: name: Cui, Jing-Lei
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the statefinder diagnostic to the holographic dark energy models, including the original holographic dark energy (HDE) model, the new holographic dark energy model, the new agegraphic dark energy (NADE) model, and the Ricci dark energy model. In the low-redshift region the holographic dark energy models are degenerate with each other and with the $Λ$CDM model in the $H(z)$ and $q(z)$ evolutions. In particular, the HDE model is highly degenerate with the $Λ$CDM model, and in the HDE model the cases with different parameter values are also in strong degeneracy. Since the observational data are mainly within the low-redshift region, it is very important to break this low-redshift degeneracy in the $H(z)$ and $q(z)$ diagnostics by using some quantities with higher order derivatives of the scale factor. It is shown that the statefinder diagnostic $r(z)$ is very useful in breaking the low-redshift degeneracies. By employing the statefinder diagnostic the holographic dark energy models can be differentiated efficiently in the low-redshift region. The degeneracy between the holographic dark energy models and the $Λ$CDM model can also be broken by this method. Especially for the HDE model, all the previous strong degeneracies appearing in the $H(z)$ and $q(z)$ diagnostics are broken effectively. But for the NADE model, the degeneracy between the cases with different parameter values cannot be broken, even though the statefinder diagnostic is used. A direct comparison of the holographic dark energy models in the $r$--$s$ plane is also made, in which the separations between the models (including the $Λ$CDM model) can be directly measured in the light of the current values $\{r_0,s_0\}$ of the models.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures; accepted by European Physical Journal C; matching the publication version
Mitochondrial Transfer Therapy as Enhancement Technology
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2017
Subjects: Controversies
Ethics and Society
Human Enhancement
Human Rights

description: This case describes the February 2015 decision by the United Kingdom'sParliament to allow human trials of an in vitro fertility (IVF) treatment using mitochondrial transfer technologies. It provides an opportunity for discussion of the ethics of germline gene modification in humans as both therapy and enhancement.
Gauging without Initial Symmetry
Creators: name: Kotov, Alexei
name: Strobl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The gauge principle is at the heart of a good part of fundamental physics: Starting with a group G of so-called rigid symmetries of a functional defined over space-time Sigma, the original functional is extended appropriately by additional Lie(G)-valued 1-form gauge fields so as to lift the symmetry to Maps(Sigma,G). Physically relevant quantities are then to be obtained as the quotient of the solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations by these gauge symmetries. In this article we show that one can construct a gauge theory for a standard sigma model in arbitrary space-time dimensions where the target metric is not invariant with respect to any rigid symmetry group, but satisfies a much weaker condition: It is sufficient to find a collection of vector fields v_a on the target M satisfying the extended Killing equation v_{a(i;j)}=0 for some connection acting on the index a. For regular foliations this is equivalent to requiring the conormal bundle to the leaves with its induced metric to be invariant under leaf-preserving diffeomorphisms of M, which in turn generalizes Riemannian submersions to which the notion reduces for smooth leaf spaces M/~. The resulting gauge theory has the usual quotient effect with respect to the original ungauged theory: in this way, much more general orbits can be factored out than usually considered. In some cases these are orbits that do not correspond to an initial symmetry, but still can be generated by a finite dimensional Lie group G. Then the presented gauging procedure leads to an ordinary gauge theory with Lie algebra valued 1-form gauge fields, but showing an unconventional transformation law. In general, however, one finds that the notion of an ordinary structural Lie group is too restrictive and should be replaced by the much more general notion of a structural Lie groupoid.
description: 5 pages, streamlined version, the regular-foliation part reformulated, reference and acknowledgement added
RHIC and LHC jet suppression in non-central collisions
Creators: name: Djordjevic, Magdalena
name: Djordjevic, Marko
name: Blagojevic, Bojana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding properties of QCD matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a major goal of RHIC and LHC experiments. An excellent tool to study these properties is jet suppression of light and heavy flavor observables. Utilizing this tool requires accurate suppression predictions for different experiments, probes and experimental conditions, and their unbiased comparison with experimental data. With this goal, we here extend our dynamical energy loss formalism towards generating predictions for non-central collisions; the formalism takes into account both radiative and collisional energy loss, dynamical (as opposed to static) scattering centers, finite magnetic mass, running coupling and uses no free parameters in comparison with experimental data. Specifically, we here generate predictions for all available centrality ranges, for both LHC and RHIC experiments, and for four different probes (charged hadrons, neutral pions, D mesons and non-prompt $J/ψ$). We obtain a very good agreement with all available non-central data, and also generate predictions for suppression measurements that will soon become available. Finally, we discuss implications of the obtained good agreement with experimental data with different medium models that are currently considered.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Next-Generation Biofuels
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2017
Subjects: Controversies
Emerging Technologies
Energy
Ethics and Society

description: In this fictional case, a bioengineer completing a postdoctoral fellowship in sustainability considers his options for future employment. He would like to work with advanced microalgae production of biofuels. However, he is offered industry job developing first-generation biofuels, especially increasing yield.
The prospect of using LES and DES in engineering design, and the research required to get there
Creators: name: Larsson, Johan
name: Wang, Qiqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we try to look into the future to divine how large eddy and detached eddy simulations (LES and DES, respectively) will be used in the engineering design process about 20-30 years from now. Some key challenges specific to the engineering design process are identified, and some of the critical outstanding problems and promising research directions are discussed.
description: accepted for publication in the Royal Society Philosophical Transactions A
Systemic risk in dynamical networks with stochastic failure criterion
Creators: name: Podobnik, B.
name: Horvatic, D.
name: Bertella, M.
name: Feng, L.
name: Huang, X.
name: Li, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex non-linear interactions between banks and assets we model by two time-dependent Erdős Renyi network models where each node, representing bank, can invest either to a single asset (model I) or multiple assets (model II). We use dynamical network approach to evaluate the collective financial failure---systemic risk---quantified by the fraction of active nodes. The systemic risk can be calculated over any future time period, divided on sub-periods, where within each sub-period banks may contiguously fail due to links to either (i) assets or (ii) other banks, controlled by two parameters, probability of internal failure $p$ and threshold $T_h$ ("solvency" parameter). The systemic risk non-linearly increases with $p$ and decreases with average network degree faster when all assets are equally distributed across banks than if assets are randomly distributed. The more inactive banks each bank can sustain (smaller $T_h$), the smaller the systemic risk---for some $T_h$ values in I we report a discontinuity in systemic risk. When contiguous spreading becomes stochastic (ii) controlled by probability $p_2$---a condition for the bank to be solvent (active) is stochastic---the systemic risk decreases with decreasing $p_2$. We analyse asset allocation for the U.S. banks.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Towards experimentally studying some puzzles of Hawking radiation
Creators: name: Tian, Zehua
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the features of the non-corrected thermal (non-thermal) spectrum and the quantum corrected thermal (non-thermal) spectrum. We find that: (i) using the quantum corrected non-thermal spectra, the black hole radiation as tunneling is an entropy conservation process, and thus black hole evaporation process is unitary; (ii) there are no obvious differences between all spectra except for near the Planck mass scale by comparing their average emission energies, average numbers of emissions and average emission energy fluctuations; (iii) the energy covariances of Hawking radiations for all the thermal spectra are exactly zero, while they are nontrivial for all the non-thermal spectra. Especially, there are distinctly different maximums of energy covariances for the temperature-corrected and energy-corrected non-thermal spectra. Consequently, these differences provide a possible way towards experimentally analyzing whether the radiation spectrum of black hole is thermal or non-thermal with or without high order quantum corrections.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1302.1341 by other authors
title: Venus d'Ils : Le féminin dissimulé
title: Etude des stéréotypes liés au genre dans le Livre Unique 11è
titleType: Subtitle
title: Venus d'Ils : Le féminin dissimulé
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Gobet, Kim
name: Spring, Christine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Manuel scolaire
subject: Livre Unique 11è
subject: genre
subject: stéréotype
subject: attribut
subject: parité femmes-hommes

description: Ce mémoire se penche sur la manière dont les manuels scolaires véhiculent des stéréotypes de genre à travers les images et les textes utilisés. L’objectif est d’identifier ces clichés et de souligner la manière dont ils sont présentés. En tant que référents et dispensateurs de contenu officiel, les manuels scolaires sont révélateurs de la façon dont l’inégalité des sexes se perpétue. A l’âge où les jeunes construisent leur identité sexuelle, l’école en tant qu’institution et lieu de socialisation joue un rôle de référence dans les modèles de genre à adopter. La recherche sur le sujet a montré que bien souvent les clichés sont cristallisés dans les manuels, qui perpétuent une invisibilisation des femmes. Celles-ci sont bloquées dans des rôles secondaires et dans des sphères d’activité bien spécifiques, majoritairement liées à l’espace privé et familial. Ce travail analyse plusieurs chapitres du Livre Unique 11è selon deux angles d’approche différents : la parité ou non entre les deux sexes d’une part, grâce au recensement des personnages ; d’autre part, la manière dont ces derniers sont représentés dans les extraits et les images sélectionnées – les attributs utilisés permettent de mettre en valeur les stéréotypes de genre existants. Les résultats montrent que les clichés traditionnels persistent dans ce manuel : les hommes sont puissants, intelligents et nombreux ; les femmes sont douces, effacées et cantonnées à des rôles secondaires. L’étude se prolonge au Secondaire II à travers un questionnaire envoyé au corps enseignant d’un gymnase vaudois. Le but de cette recherche est de montrer que cette problématique se poursuit dans le post-obligatoire où le débat occupe une place importante, bien que sous-estimée. Au final, ce n’est pas le manuel qu’il faut critiquer, mais le modèle patriarcal dominant qu’il reflète. Le rôle des enseignant·e·s est alors essentiel pour questionner et dépasser ces perceptions genrées.
title: Vorwort
title: Preface
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Flügge, Ulf-Ingo
name: Renner, Susanne
name: Vences, Miguel
Publisher: name: MyCoRe Community
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biodiversität und die Zukunft der Vielfalt
subject: Leopoldina-Jahresversammlung 2021
subject: 000

description: Die Ergebnisse der Leopoldina-Jahresversammlung 2021 sind in diesem Band zusammengefasst. Die meisten der Vorträge sind durch ihre Abstracts im Tagungsband vertreten. Daneben stehen Mitschnitte (fast) aller Vorträge ebenfalls zur Verfügung und sind auf der Leopoldina-Webseite sowie durch Klicken von entsprechenden Links in der Online-Version des Tagungsbandes zu erreichen. Die Mitschnitte der auf Deutsch gehaltenen Vorträge sind mit englischen Untertiteln versehen, und alle Beiträge sind mit permanenten DOIs versehen und können somit zuverlässig zitiert werden.
description: The results of the 2021 Annual Assembly ot the Leopoldina are summarized in these conference proceedings. Most of the lectures are represented by abstracts. Recordings of (almost) all of the lectures are also available and can be accessed on the Leopoldina website or by clicking on the corresponding links in the online version of the conference proceedings. The recordings of the lectures given in German are subtitled in English, and all contributions have permanent DOIs and can thus be reliably cited.
description: Biodiversität und die Zukunft der Vielfalt: Vorträge anlässlich der Jahresversammlung am 24. und 25. September 2021 in Halle (Saale), p. 7
Order Out of Chaos
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2012
Subjects: Authorship
Collaboration
Mentors and Trainees
Publication Ethics
Research and Practice

description: This case is adapted from a case in: Brian Schrag, ed., Research Ethics: Cases and Commentaries, Volume 6, Bloomington, Indiana: Association for Practical and Professional Ethics, 2002. It is meant to encourage discussion about authorship practices in a national government-owned, government-operated lab.
title: Die Bedrohung der sprachlichen Vielfalt
Creators: name: Krifka, Manfred
Publisher: name: MyCoRe Community
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sprachliche Vielfalt
subject: Kulturelle Vielfalt
subject: Lonwolwol
subject: Daakie
subject: Vanuatu
subject: Sprachwissenschaft
subject: Dokumentation kleiner Sprachen
subject: 000

description: Es gibt überraschende Parallelen zwischen der Bedrohung der biologischen und der Bedrohung der sprachlichen und kulturellen Vielfalt. Die menschlichen Sprachen, und damit auch die kulturellen Unterschiede, schwinden dabei noch schneller als die biologischen Arten. Der Artikel stellt die gemeinsamen Ursachen dieses Schwundes dar. Er beschreibt exemplarisch den Tod einer Sprache (Lonwolwol in Vanuatu) und zeigt anhand von Beispielen auf, was kleine und bedrohte Sprachen uns über die Spannbreite der möglichen menschlichen Sprachen und damit über die Sprachfähigkeit selbst lehren können. Dabei werden insbesondere auch Resultate eigener Forschung zu der Sprache Daakie (Ambrym, Vanuatu) dargestellt. Der Artikel geht auf die Diskussion in der Sprachwissenschaft zur Dokumentation und Erhaltung von kleinen Sprachen ein und beschreibt die Forschungs- und Archivierungsmethoden, die in der Sprachwissenschaft entwickelt wurden.
description: There are surprising parallels between the endangerment of biological diversity on the one hand, and the endangerment of linguistic and cultural diversity on the other. Human languages, and cultural differences attached to it, vanish even faster than biological species. The article discusses the common causes of this loss. As an example, it describes the death of a small language (Lonwolwol in Vanuatu) and illustrates what small and endangered languages can teach us about the range of possible human languages, and about the human language faculty in general. A special focus is laid on the language Daakie, spoken on the island Ambrym in Vanuatu, based on original research of the author. The article also summarizes the discussion in linguistics on the complex issue of documentation and stabilization of small languages and illustrates the research methods and archiving facilities that have been developed in linguistics.
description: Biodiversität und die Zukunft der Vielfalt: Vorträge anlässlich der Jahresversammlung am 24. und 25. September 2021 in Halle (Saale), p. 11
Nixing a Good Apple?
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2012
Subjects: Authorship
Collaboration
Mentors and Trainees
Publication Ethics
Research and Practice

description: A number of the ideas and questions in this case are a based on those presented in Teaching the Responsible Conduct of Research Through Case Study Approach: A Handbook for Instructors, Stanley G. Korenman and Allan C. Shipp, Eds., 1994. This case has been adapted from an academic environment to a national government owned, government operated (GOGO) Laboratory setting, and it highlights authorship considerations in this environment.
Double affine Hecke algebras and generalized Jones polynomials
Creators: name: Berest, Yuri
name: Samuelson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we propose and discuss implications of a general conjecture that there is a canonical action of a rank 1 double affine Hecke algebra on the Kauffman bracket skein module of the complement of a knot $K \subset S^3$. We prove this in a number of nontrivial cases, including all $(2,2p+1)$ torus knots, the figure eight knot, and all 2-bridge knots (when $q=\pm 1$). As the main application of the conjecture, we construct 3-variable polynomial knot invariants that specialize to the classical colored Jones polynomials introduced by Reshetikhin and Turaev in \cite{RT90}. We also deduce some new properties of the classical Jones polynomials and prove that these hold for all knots (independently of the conjecture). We furthermore conjecture that the skein module of the unknot is a submodule of the skein module of an arbitrary knot. We confirm this for the same example knots, and we show that this implies the colored Jones polynomials of $K$ satisfy an inhomogeneous recursion relation.
description: 44pg, 3 figures, updated example polynomials, added sec. 3.4 and 5.5, minor corrections
Time-dependent restricted-active-space self-consistent-field theory for laser-driven many-electron dynamics. II. Extended formulation and numerical analysis
Creators: name: Miyagi, Haruhide
name: Madsen, Lars Bojer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81-08

description: The time-dependent restricted-active-space self-consistent-field (TD-RASSCF) method is formulated based on the TD variational principle. In analogy with the configuration-interaction singles (CIS), singles-and-doubles (CISD), singles-doubles-and-triples (CISDT) methods in quantum chemistry, the TD-RASSCF-S, -SD, and -SDT methods are introduced as extensions of the TD-RASSCF dou- bles (-D) method [Phys. Rev. A 87, 062511 (2013)]. Based on an analysis of the numerical cost and test calculations for one-dimensional (1D) models of atomic helium, beryllium, and carbon, it is shown that the TD-RASSCF-S and -D methods are computationally feasible for systems with many electrons and more accurate than the TD Hartree-Fock (TDHF) and TDCIS methods. In addition to the discussion of methodology, an analysis of electron dynamics in the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process is presented. For the 1D beryllium atom, a state-resolved analysis of the HHG spectrum based on the time-independent HF orbitals shows that while only single-orbital excitations are needed in the region below the cutoff, single- and double-orbital excitations are es- sential beyond, where accordingly the single-active-electron (SAE) approximation and the TDCIS method break down. On the other hand, the TD-RASSCF-S and -D methods accurately describe the multi-orbital excitation processes throughout the entire region of the HHG spectrum. For the 1D carbon atom, our calculations show that multi-orbital excitations are essential in the HHG process even below the cutoff. Hence, in this test system a very accurate treatment of electron correlation is required. The TD-RASSCF-S and -D approaches meet this demand, while the SAE approximation and the TDCIS method are inadequate.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Bringing a Neanderthal to Life
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Communicating Science and Engineering
Emerging Technologies
Ethics and Society
Governance
Public Well-being
Risk
Social Responsibility

description: This initial practice problem was part of a course on problem based learning (PBL) using fractious problems. It asks students to consider research that would use the Neanderthal genome to bring a Neanderthal to life. Students were asked to apply six skills in analyzing and devising policy resolutions for the problems and to apply PBL skills in doing so.
Neuroimaging and Violence in the Educational Setting
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Human Rights
Public Health and Safety
Informed Consent

description: This problem was given to students as part of a course on problem based learning (PBL) using fractious problems. It asked them to consider the ethicality of a law permitting or requiring the use of neuroimaging tests as an aid to predicting the likely future dangerousness of students identified as "at-risk". Students were asked to apply six skills in analyzing and devising policy resolutions for the problems and to apply PBL skills in doing so.
title: The Road to Ocular Gene Therapy: Lessons from the Past
Creators: name: Khanna, Hemant
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2019

description: This presentation at the Eyes to the Past exhibit reception by Hemant Khanna, PhD, principal investigator and associate professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, UMass Medical School, discusses the learnings gathered from ocular gene therapy over the years and new discoveries taking place at UMass Medical School.
The Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Massive Galaxies at High Redshift
Creators: name: Lapi, A.
name: Raimundo, S.
name: Aversa, R.
name: Cai, Z. -Y.
name: Negrello, M.
name: Celotti, A.
name: De Zotti, G.
name: Danese, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit the recent, wide samples of far-infrared (FIR) selected galaxies followed-up in X rays and of X-ray/optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) followed-up in the FIR band, along with the classic data on AGN and stellar luminosity functions at high redshift z>1.5, to probe different stages in the coevolution of supermassive black holes (BHs) and host galaxies. The results of our analysis indicate the following scenario: (i) the star formation in the host galaxy proceeds within a heavily dust-enshrouded medium at an almost constant rate over a timescale ~0.5-1 Gyr, and then abruptly declines due to quasar feedback; over the same timescale, (ii) part of the interstellar medium loses angular momentum, reaches the circum-nuclear regions at a rate proportional to the star formation and is temporarily stored into a massive reservoir/proto-torus wherefrom it can be promptly accreted; (iii) the BH grows by accretion in a self-regulated regime with radiative power that can slightly exceed the Eddington limit L/L_Edd< 4, particularly at the highest redshifts; (iv) for massive BHs the ensuing energy feedback at its maximum exceeds the stellar one and removes the interstellar gas, thus stopping the star formation and the fueling of the reservoir; (v) afterwards, if the latter has retained enough gas, a phase of supply-limited accretion follows exponentially declining with a timescale of about 2 e-folding times. We show that the ratio of the FIR luminosity of the host galaxy to the bolometric luminosity of the AGN maps the various stages of the above sequence. Finally, we discuss how the detailed properties and the specific evolution of the reservoir can be investigated via coordinated, high-resolution observations of starforming, strongly-lensed galaxies in the (sub-)mm band with ALMA and in the X-ray band with Chandra and the next generation X-ray instruments.
description: 42 pages, 20 figures. Typos corrected. Accepted by ApJ
Patenting Genes and Life
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Intellectual Property and Patents
Research and Practice

description: This problem was given to students as part of a  course on problem based learning (PBL) using fractious problems. It asked them to consider the value of patents involving human genes. Students were asked to apply six skills in analyzing and devising policy resolutions for the problems and to apply PBL skills in doing so.
Pattern Equivariant Cohomology and Theorems of Kesten and Oren
Creators: name: Kelly, Michael
name: Sadun, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C23, 37B50

description: In 1966 Harry Kesten settled the Erd\H os-Szüsz conjecture on the local discrepancy of irrational rotations. His proof made heavy use of continued fractions and Diophantine analysis. In this paper we give a purely topological proof Kesten's theorem (and Oren's generalization of it) using the pattern equivariant cohomology of aperiodic tiling spaces.
description: 8 pages. New title, added proof of Oren's theorem, and some mistakes corrected
title: Zurück wohin?: Re-Naturierung in Mecklenburg Vorpommern
title: Back to what?: Renaturation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Wilmking, Martin
Publisher: name: MyCoRe Community
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rekultivierung
subject: Moor
subject: Ökosystem
subject: Ökosystemleistungen
subject: Novel Ecosystems
subject: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
subject: 000

description: Renaturierung verfolgt das Ziel der Wiederherstellung naturnaher Lebensräume und ihrer Ökosystemleistungen nach menschlichen Eingriffen. Doch ist „Wiederherstellung“ wohl der falsche Begriff, denn renaturierte Ökosysteme unterscheiden sich immer von den ursprünglichen Systemen vor den Eingriffen. In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, dem am dünnsten besiedelten Bundesland Deutschlands, hat die Historie und besonders die Ausweisung von Großschutzgebieten am Ende der DDR eine besondere Flächenkulisse geschaffen, die in den letzten 30 Jahren kontinuierliche Maßnahmen der Renaturierung ermöglichte, in Wäldern, Grünländern, an Küsten und vor allem in Mooren. Doch was unterscheidet renaturierte von natürlichen Ökosystemen? Welche Ökosystemleistungen (z. B. Kohlenstoffspeicherung, Biodiversität, Grundwasserneubildung oder Nährstoffrückhalt) sind wie betroffen? Anhand einer Zeitreise und ausgewählten Beispielen wird beleuchtet, wieviel „alt“ in „neu“ steckt – und ob wir nicht vielleicht ehrlicherweise von der „Herstellung neuer Ökosysteme“, sogenannter novel ecosystems, sprechen müssen.
description: Renaturation aims to achieve the restoration of near-natural habitats and their ecosystem services after human intervention. But “restoration” is a misleading term because renatured ecosystems always differ from the original systems before the interventions occurred. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany’s most sparsely populated state, history and particularly the designation of large, protected areas at the end of the GDR have created a special tract of land that has been subject to continuous renaturation measures over the past 30 years in forests, on grasslands, along coastlines and especially on peatlands. But what distinguishes renatured ecosystems from natural ones? Which ecosystem services (e.g. carbon storage, biodiversity, groundwater recharge or nutrient retention) are affected and how? We will take a short journey through time and, based on a selection of examples, will discover how much “old” there is in “new” – and whether we should perhaps speak honestly about the “creation of novel ecosystems” rather than about renaturation.
description: Biodiversität und die Zukunft der Vielfalt: Vorträge anlässlich der Jahresversammlung am 24. und 25. September 2021 in Halle (Saale), p. 45
title: Best Practices for Data Sharing and Deposit for Librarian Authors
Creators: name: Raboin, Regina
name: Plutchak, T. Scott
name: Palmer, Lisa A.
name: Goldman, Julie
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2019

description: Sharing data is now encouraged by major funding agencies, and many journals require it as a prerequisite for publication. While many of the hard science journals have implemented ‘Data Deposit Requirements’ and ‘Policies’, in the Library Science literature, publishers are beginning to move titles into open access journals, but data deposit requirements are just beginning to be addressed. Librarian authors will increasingly find themselves having to comply with data sharing policies. In this webinar, we look at examples from the Journal of the Medical Library Association and the Journal of eScience Librarianship and discuss best practices in data deposit.
Forensic DNA Identification
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Ethics and Society
Governance
Privacy and Surveillance
Public Well-being

description: This problem was given to students as part of a course on problem based learning (PBL) using fractious problems.It asked them to consider the use of extensive DNA databases for forensic identification. Students were asked to apply six skills in analyzing and devising policy resolutions for the problems and to apply PBL skills in doing so.
Searching for Gravitational Wave Bursts via Bayesian Nonparametric Data Analysis with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Creators: name: Deng, Xihao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave burst is a catch-all category for signals whose durations are shorter than the observation period. We apply a method new to gravitational wave data analysis --- Bayesian non-parameterics --- to the problem of gravitational wave detection, with an emphasis on pulsar timing array observations. In Bayesian non-parametrics, constraints are set on the function space that may be reasonably thought to characterize the range of gravitational-wave signals. This differs from the approaches currently employed or proposed, which focus on introducing parametric signal models or looking for excess power as evidence of the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Our Bayesian nonparametrics analysis method addresses two issues: (1) investigate if a gravitational wave burst is present in the data; (2) infer the sky location of the source and the duration of the burst. Compared with the popular method proposed by Finn \& Lommen, our method improves in two aspects: (1) we can estimate the burst duration by adding the prior that the gravitational wave signals are smooth, while Finn \& Lommen ignored this important point; (2) we perform a full Bayesian analysis by marginalizing over all possible parameters and provide robust inference on the presence of gravitational waves, while Finn \& Lommen chose to optimize over parameters, which would increase false alarm risk and also underestimate the parameter uncertainties.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1004.3499 by other authors
ASAPbio Preprint policy toolkit for funders
Creators: name: Puebla, Iratxe
name: Franco Iborra, Sandra
name: Fumasoni, Marco
name: Pereira, Sónia
name: Proko, Rinalda
name: Ranea-Robles, Pablo
name: Shafiei Sabet, Saeed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: preprints, funder, ASAPbio, policy, grant, grantees, citation, policy template, policy review, compliance

description: This toolkit provides a guide for how funders can develop and implement a preprint policy. The toolkit starts with an overview of the benefits of preprints for science communication and the current support for preprint use by different stakeholders, and then outlines steps that funders can take to initiate a policy review and implement a preprint policy. The toolkit also includes a policy template for funders seeking to incorporate preprints into their policies. This resource is the result of a collaboration by a group of ASAPbio Community members.
Enhancing information on stage at diagnosis of cancer in Africa
Creators: name: Parkin, Donald Maxwell
name: Liu, Biying
name: Adoubi, Innocent
name: Makouanzi, Alda Stévy
name: Masalu, Nestory
name: Mrema, Caroline
name: Ndlovu, Ntokozo
name: Omonisi, Abidemi
name: Traore, Bangaly
name: Joko-Fru, Yvonne
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Stage at diagnosis is an important metric in treatment and prognosis of cancer, and also in planning and evaluation of cancer control. For the latter purposes, the data source is the population-based cancer registry (PBCR), but, although stage is usually among the variables collected by cancer registries, it is often missing, especially in low-income settings. Essential TNM has been introduced to facilitate abstraction of stage data by cancer registry personnel, but the accuracy with which they can do so is unknown. 51 cancer registrars from 20 countries of sub-Saharan Africa (13 anglophone, 7 francophone) were tasked with abstracting stage at diagnosis, using Essential TNM, from scanned extracts of case. The panel comprised 28 records of each of 8 common cancer types, and the participants chose how many to attempt (between 48 and 128). Stage group (I-IV), derived from the eTNM elements that they assigned to each cancer, was compared with a gold standard, as decided by two expert clinicians. The registrars assigned the correct stage (I-IV) in between 60 and 80% of cases, with the lowest values for ovary, and the highest for oesophagus. The weighted kappa statistic suggested a moderate level of agreement between participant and expert (0.41–0.60) for 5 cancers, and substantial agreement (0.61–0.80) for three, with the best for cervix, large bowel, oesophagus and ovary, and the worst (weighted kappa 0.46) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). For all except NHL, early stage (I/II) and late stage (III/IV) was correctly identified in 80% or more of the cases. A single training in staging using Essential TNM resulted in an accuracy that was not much inferior to what has been observed in clinical situations in high income settings. Nevertheless, some lessons were learned on how to improve both the guidelines for staging, and the training course.
Ethical and Policy Problems in Synthetic Biology: Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS)
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Communicating Science and Engineering
Emerging Technologies
Ethics and Society
Governance
Responsible Innovation
Risk
Social Responsibility

description: This problem was given to students as part of a course on problem based learning (PBL) using fractious problems.It asked them to consider the ethical and policy issues surrounding developments in synthetic biology. Students were asked to apply six skills in analyzing and devising policy resolutions for the problems and to apply PBL skills in doing so.
title: Publishing in the Journal of eScience Librarianship
Creators: name: Goldman, Julie
name: Journal of eScience Librarianship Editorial Team
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2020

description: Poster for the Journal of eScience Librarianship (JeSLIB), an open access, peer-reviewed journal published by the Lamar Soutter Library at UMass Medical School. JeSLIB advances the theory and practice of data librarianship and explores the many roles of librarians in supporting eScience and research data services. JeSLIB welcomes articles by contributors from all areas of the globe related to education, outreach, policy, collaborations, tools, and best practices.
title: H. Brownell Wheeler Papers, 1961 – 2009: A Finding Aid
Creators: name: Office of Medical History and Archives, Lamar Soutter Library, University of Massachusetts Medical School
name: Reinhard, Kristine M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Year: 2016

description: The H. Brownell Wheeler Papers document the early history of the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) and University Hospital, collectively known as University of Massachusetts Medical Center (UMMC). This collection also chronicles Dr. Wheeler’s career as a vascular surgeon, educator, administrator, end-of-life care advocate, and inventor. Also included in this collection are materials related to Dr. Wheeler’s personal life including his interest in travel and wood sculpting.
Microbiologists Respond to Bioterrorism
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biosafety/Biosecurity
Conflict of Interest
Data Management
Dual Use Research
Ethics and Society
Human Subjects Research
Research and Practice
Security

description: In the wake of terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001, a group of microbiologists worked with the FBI to identify the individual or group who mailed letters filled with anthrax to American government officials and media personalities. Others struggled with the issues of whether and how to publish research results of potential use to terrorists. A part of the Research, Ethics, and Society project, this case can be used to address the social responsibilities of researchers, particularly those concerning scientists and engineers and their involvement in or opposition to military projects.
title: Uptake of Direct Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C Virus in a New Uptake of Direct Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C Virus in a New England Medicaid Population, 2014-2017
Creators: name: Clements, Karen M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Year: 2020

description: Introduction

Introduction of the direct acting antiviral (DAA) sofosbuvir (SOV) in 2013 offered significant improvement over previous options for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Initial uptake was low in Medicaid and other populations, perhaps in part due to high drug cost and prior authorization (PA) restrictions related to fibrosis stage, prescribing provider specialty, and sobriety. Both the subsequent introduction of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOV), an all-oral regimen for most genotypes, and lifting of PA restrictions were expected to increase overall uptake, but little is known about recent prescribing patterns. We examined trends in DAA uptake in a Medicaid population and identified the effect of these two events on treatment initiation.

Study Design

An interrupted time series (ITS) design utilized enrollment, medical, and pharmacy claims from Medicaid enrollees in three New England states, 12/2013-12/2017. Trends in treatment uptake, defined as 1+ pharmacy claim for a DAA, were examined overall, by demographic characteristics, and prior to and after two time points: 10/2014 (LDV/SOV approval date) and 7/2016 (date PA restrictions affecting two-thirds of members were lifted). Chi-square evaluated demographic differences, segmented regression models examined trends.

Study Population

The population included members ages 18-64 years with HCV (2+ claims with ICD-9/10 code for HCV or 1+ claim for chronic HCV). Eligible individuals remained in the sample until treatment initiation or Medicaid disenrollment.

Findings

The analytic sample averaged 30,433 members with HCV per month, mean age 42.9 years, 60% male. In 2014 3.3% of eligible members initiated treatment, increasing to 7.7% in 2017 (p =

Conclusion

While initial uptake of DAAs was low in this multi-state Medicaid population, treatment initiation among eligible members increased through 2017. Introduction of new medications and lifting of PA restrictions led to an immediate increase in uptake followed by relatively flat monthly utilization.

Policy implications

Sharp increases in uptake after LDV/SOV introduction may indicate warehousing of members in anticipation of LDV/SOV approval; increases after PA restrictions were lifted indicates demand for treatment among those affected by restrictions. As a large percentage of the Medicaid HCV population remains untreated, planned provider interviews will help to understand barriers and facilitators of treatment for HCV.
Gauged Linear Sigma Model with F-term for A-type ALE Space
Creators: name: Kimura, Tetsuji
name: Yata, Masaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct yet another ${\mathcal N}=(4,4)$ gauged linear sigma model for the $A_N$-type ALE space. In our construction the toric data of the ALE space are manifest. Due to the $SU(2)_R$ symmetry, the F-term is automatically determined. The toric data, which govern the Kähler structures of the ALE space, are embedded into $U(1)$ charges of charged hypermultiplets. The F-term is also inevitable to determine the complex structures of the ALE space. In the IR limit, we obtain the Kähler potential of the $A_N$-type ALE space. We also find the origin of the ${\mathbb Z}_{N+1}$ orbifold symmetry in the singular limit of the $A_N$-type ALE space. In a special case, we reproduce an explicit form of the Kähler potential of the $A_1$-type ALE space, i.e., the Eguchi-Hanson space.
description: 14 pages, typos corrected, references added