cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis and design of batch ordering policies in supply chains
Creators: name: Karaman, Abdullah Siddik
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: Devising manufacturing/distribution strategies for supply chains and determining their parameter values have been challenging problems. Linking production management to stock keeping processes improves the planning of the supply chain activities, including material management, culminating in improved customer service levels. In this thesis, we investigate a multi-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier, a plant, a distribution center and a retailer. Material flow between stages is driven by reorder point/order quantity inventory control policies. We develop a model to analyze supply chain behavior using some key performance metrics such as the time averages of inventory and backorder levels, as well as customer service levels at each echelon. The model is validated via simulation, yielding good agreement of robust performance metrics.The metrics are then used within an optimization framework to help design the supply chain by calculating optimal parameter values minimizing the expected total cost. Optimal design of the material flow system is part of the overall planning and operation of a supply chain. The outcome of the optimization framework specifies not only how much and where to hold inventory but also how to move inventory across the supply chain.The developed model requires limited computational requirements, which in turn helps frequently update the performance measures and optimal system parameters so as to be more responsive to short-term changes in demand or supply. In addition, it can be used as a decision support system for effective decision making as opposed to using simplistic inventory models, which results in significantly higher operating costs.In a similar vein, we consider a distribution inventory system with one warehouse and several retailers. The challenge in this system is to describe the demand arrival process at the warehouse. We propose a procedure to characterize the demand arrival process at the warehouse as a superposition of several independent Erlang processes. An important characteristic of the superposed process is that although the individual processes are independent from each other, the superposed process may be no longer independent. We present a methodology to characterize such arrival streams as Markovian processes. We, then, extend the methodology to phase-type arrival streams as well.
HIV-1 envelope diversity and sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies across stages of acute HIV-1 infection
Creators: name: Mellors, John W.
name: Selzer, Lisa
name: Cyktor, Joshua
name: Parvangada, Aiyappa
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: VanderVeen, Laurie A.
name: Moldt, Brian
name: Crowell, Trevor A.
name: Haubrich, Richard
name: Ananworanich, Jintanat
name: Daar, Eric S.
name: Li, Jiani
name: Geleziunas, Romas
name: Callebaut, Christian
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2023

description:
We studied the relationship between viral diversity and susceptibility to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in longitudinal plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 89 people with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute and early HIV-1 infection (AEHI). HIV-1 diversity and predicted bNAb susceptibility were comparable across AEHI. Diversity evolution was not observed during ART, suggesting (pro)viruses at initiation or during treatment may identify individuals with susceptible virus for bNAb interventional trials.
Regional resentment in the Netherlands: A rural or peripheral phenomenon?
Creators: name: de Lange, Sarah
name: van der Brug, Wouter
name: Harteveld, Eelco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: We study ‘regional resentment’, or the feeling that one’s region is not treated rightly by citizens and elites from other regions, in a European context. Is this mainly a rural or a peripheral phenomenon, or do these two contextual characteristics matter equally? We present three survey items to measure regional resentment, field it among a geocoded representative sample of 8000 Dutch citizens stratified by region and urbanity, and show that they create a valid scale. Regional resentment differs between urban and rural areas, but is especially strong in peripheral and deprived areas, and amongst citizens with strong place-based identities.
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titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ð¡Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ½Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÑ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
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description: Ð ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ³ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ðµ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¸Ð¼ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ². ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾-Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð² ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ³ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ; ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð° Ð´Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐÐ§Ð, ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ² Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ-ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°; ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½Ð¾-Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼ Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ-ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ³ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ.
Realization of inverse Kibble-Zurek scenario with trapped Bose gases
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Novikov, A. N.
name: Bagnato, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that there exists the inverse Kibble-Zurek scenario, when we start with an equilibrium system with broken symmetry and, by imposing perturbations, transform it to a strongly nonequilibrium symmetric state through the sequence of states with spontaneously arising topological defects. We demonstrate the inverse Kibble-Zurek scenario both experimentally, by perturbing the Bose-Einstein condensate of trapped $^{87}$Rb atoms, and also by accomplishing numerical simulations for the same setup as in the experiment, the experimental and numerical results being in good agreement with each other.
description: Latex file, 17 pages, 5 figures
(100378) George Lunn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Spatial spillover effects of fiscal decentralization on governance and public administration quality
Creators: name: Thanh, Su Dinh
name: Nguyen, Canh Phuc
name: Duy-Tung, Bui
name: Binh, Nguyen Quang
name: Van, Dang Thi Bach
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This study examines how fiscal decentralization affects the quality of governance and public administration. Using a balanced panel dataset of 63 provinces in Vietnam over the 2011–18 period and employing the spatial Durbin model, we find that governance and public administration quality develop gradually, leading to spatial spillovers across provinces. Importantly, revenue decentralization exerts a negative spatial effect on participation, transparency, accountability and control of corruption, but exhibits a positive spatial effect on public administrative procedures across regions. By contrast, fiscal transfers improve transparency, accountability and control of corruption. That is, fiscal decentralization drives local governments in ‘a race to the bottom’ when they address budget shortfall pressures.
The impact of territorial capital on Cohesion Policy in rural Polish areas
Creators: name: Mróz, Agata
name: Komorowski, Łukasz
name: Wolański, Michał
name: Stawicki, Maciej
name: Kozłowska, Paulina
name: Stanny, Monika
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: This study evaluates the outcomes of the European Union’s Cohesion Policy on rural areas in Poland between 2007 and 2018. Stratified propensity score matching was used to examine whether policy impact depends on the type of local territorial capital involved. Inputs and outcomes between individual municipalities with similar territorial capital characteristics and conditions of socio-economic development were modelled and compared. The results show that more advanced development of non-agricultural functions and also a reduced agricultural function led to greater Cohesion Policy effectiveness. Thus, convergence, or the evening out of differences in socio-economic development, does not take place at the local (intraregional) level.
Peri-urban transformation in the Global South: a comparative socio-spatial analytics approach
Creators: name: Follmann, Alexander
name: Kennedy, Loraine
name: Pfeffer, Karin
name: Wu, Fulong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: This research advances our understanding of peri-urban dynamics in the Global South through an innovative comparative socio-spatial analytics approach combining geospatial and qualitative fieldwork-based methods. Drawing on three cases in China, Ghana and India, the comparison is operationalized through two pairs of conceptual lenses developed inductively. We argue that heterogeneous peri-urban morphologies in the Global South, which share several common features, notably fragmentation and bypass, albeit with differing degrees, are shaped by three key processes: (1) market- and speculation-driven property development; (2) state-led development strategies, often expressed through large-scale projects; and (3) fragmented planning and development practices.
(100380) James Lunn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Maxwell-affine gauge theory of gravity
Creators: name: Cebecioğlu, O.
name: Kibaroğlu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maxwell extension of affine algebra with additional tensorial generators is given. Using the methods of nonlinear realizations, we found the transformation rules for group parameters and corresponding generators. Gauging the Maxwell-affine algebra we presented two possible invariant actions for gravity: one is the first order and the other one is the second order in affine curvature. We noticed that equations of motion for the action, second order in affine curvature, lead to the generalized Bianchi identities on the choice of appropriate coefficients for a particular solution of the constraint equation.
Redistribution of Health Care Costs after the Adoption of Positron Emission Tomography among Medicare Beneficiaries with Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer, 1998–2005
Creators: name: Patz, Edward
name: Abernethy, Amy
name: Biddle, Andrea
name: Carpenter, William
name: Schulman, Kevin
name: Weinberger, Morris
name: Curtis, Lesley
name: Dinan, Michaela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: INTRODUCTION: Treatment patterns and cost implications of increased positron emission tomography imaging use since Medicare approval in 1998 are not well understood. We examined rates of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and inpatient and total health care costs between 1998 and 2005 among Medicare beneficiaries with non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: Patients in this retrospective cohort study were 51,374 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer between 1996 and 2005. The main outcome measures were receipt of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and inpatient and total health care costs within 1 year of diagnosis. RESULTS: Between 1996-1997 and 2004-2005, the proportion of patients undergoing surgical resection decreased from 29% to 25%, the proportion receiving radiation therapy decreased from 49% to 43%, and inpatient costs decreased from $28,900 to $26,900. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy increased from 25% to 40% and total costs increased from $47,300 to $52,200 (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Changes in use and costs remained after adjustment for shifting demographic characteristics during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of positron emission tomography between 1998 and 2005 was accompanied by decreases in rates of surgery and radiotherapy and in short-term inpatient costs among Medicare beneficiaries with non-small-cell lung cancer, although there was an increase in chemotherapy and overall costs.
Study of in-medium $η^\prime$ properties in the ($γ$, ${η^\prime}p$) reaction on nuclei
Creators: name: Paryev, E. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the near-threshold photoproduction of $η^\prime$ mesons from nuclei in coincidence with forward going protons in the kinematical conditions of the Crystal Barrel/TAPS experiment, recently performed at ELSA. The calculations have been performed within a collision model based on the nuclear spectral function. The model accounts for both the primary $γp \to {η^\prime}p$ process and the two-step intermediate nucleon rescattering processes as well as the effect of the nuclear $η^\prime$ mean-field potential. We calculate the exclusive $η^\prime$ kinetic energy distributions for the $^{12}$C($γ$, ${η^\prime}p$) reaction for different scenarios of $η^\prime$ in-medium modification. We find that the considered two-step rescattering mechanism plays an insignificant role in ${η^\prime}p$ photoproduction off the carbon target. We also demonstrate that the calculated $η^\prime$ kinetic energy distributions in primary photon--proton ${η^\prime}p$ production reveal strong sensitivity to the depth of the real ${η^\prime}$ potential at normal nuclear matter density (or to the ${η^\prime}$ in-medium mass shift) in the studied incident photon energy regime. Therefore, such observables may be useful to help determine the above ${η^\prime}$ in-medium renormalization from the comparison of the results of our calculations with the data from the CBELSA/TAPS experiment. In addition, we show that these distributions are also strongly influenced by the momentum-dependent optical potential, which the outgoing participant proton feels inside the carbon nucleus. This potential should be taken into account in the analysis of these data with the aim to obtain information on the ${η^\prime}$ modification in cold nuclear matter.
description: 17 pages
National climate litigation and the international rule of law
Creators: name: Buser, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: climate law
subject: climate litigation
subject: international rule of law
subject: national courts
subject: Paris Agreement
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: This article assesses the implications of national climate litigation for what is termed ‘the international rule of law’. Starting from the finding that the current international climate treaty regime lacks several elements of an international rule of law, such as legal bindingness, clarity, and justiciability, the author explores what national courts contribute to filling these gaps. Deviating from a linear progression narrative, which is prevalent in existing literature, this article provides a more nuanced and complex picture. Whereas successful climate litigation is hardly imaginable without reliance on internationally agreed-upon facts – such as reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and global average temperature levels deemed ‘dangerous’ – doctrinally decisions do not represent a turn toward a stricter rule of international climate law. Instead of applying and progressively developing climate treaties, courts thus far have primarily used these provisions only to develop national constitutional law and regional human rights law. The created system of highly contextual national rule(s) of climate law is a fragmented one which is regionally limited to a few states predominantly located in Western Europe. Consequently, it is a far cry from a truly global rule of international climate law.
VLT/MUSE view of the highly ionized outflow cones in the nearby starburst ESO338-IG04
Creators: name: Bik, A.
name: Östlin, G.
name: Hayes, M.
name: Adamo, A.
name: Melinder, J.
name: Amram, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ly$α$ line is an important diagnostic for star formation at high redshift, but interpreting its flux and line profile is difficult because of the resonance nature of Ly$α$. Trends between the escape of Ly$α$ photons and dust and properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) have been found, but detailed comparisons between Ly$α$ emission and the properties of the gas in local high-redshift analogs are vital for understanding the relation between Ly$α$ emission and galaxy properties. For the first time, we can directly infer the properties of the ionized gas at the same location and similar spatial scales of the extended Ly$α$ halo around ESO 338-IG04. We obtained VLT/MUSE integral field spectra. We used ionization parameter mapping of the [SII]/[OIII] line ratio and the kinematics of H$α$ to study the ionization state and kinematics of the ISM of ESO338-IG04. The velocity map reveals two outflows. The entire central area of the galaxy is highly ionized by photons leaking from the HII regions around the youngest star clusters. Three highly ionized cones have been identified, of which one is associated with an outflow. We propose a scenario where the outflows are created by mechanical feedback of the older clusters, while the highly ionized gas is caused by the hard ionizing photons emitted by the youngest clusters. A comparison with the Ly$α$ map shows that the (approximately bipolar) asymmetries observed in the Ly$α$ emission are consistent with the base of the outflows detected in H$α$. No clear correlation with the ionization cones is found. The mechanical and ionization feedback of star clusters significantly changes the state of the ISM by creating ionized cones and outflows. The comparison with Ly$α$ suggests that especially the outflows could facilitate the escape of Ly$α$ photons [Abridged].
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters, 4 pages, 2 figures
The emergence of the ‘rentocrat’
Creators: name: Rogers, Samuel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Assetisation
subject: China
subject: infrastructure
subject: infrastructure rentierism
subject: rentierism
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Scholarship on rents and rentierism abounds. Commonly absent is analysis of the actors who perform rentierism: how they do it, when they do it, what outcomes result. To address this lacuna, I advance a three-tier typology of actors I term ‘rentocrats’. I then investigate the role of rentocrats in performing what has been labelled ‘infrastructure rentierism’ across infrastructure projects’ lifecycles: a scenario where surplus capital and labour are utilised by rentiers (rentocrats). This article contributes to an expanding literature on ‘assetisation’ by showing how rentocrats accrue rent across such lifecycles typically helped by local legal frameworks and a cross-coalition of politico-economic stakeholders, which together transform the good into an asset. As such, this article helps overcome a recognised blind spot in the assetisation scholarship: its empiricism. Through Case Study Analysis, I use the rentocrat conceptualisation and theorisation to highlight the variegated practice of infrastructure rentierism across the lifecycles of largescale (>USD100mn) Chinese-sourced capital-financed infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Hungary. I intend the ‘rentocrat’ concept to be applied to and critiqued against other forms of rentierism not limited to Chinese-sourced capital, European sites, or its infrastructure variant.
The Role of Article 11 TFEU in the Greening of the ECB’s Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Calliess, Christian
name: Tuncel, Ebru
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Article 11 TFEU
subject: Environmental integration clause
subject: ECB’s Monetary Policy
subject: Greening
subject: Price stability
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: The European Green Deal and the European Climate Law highlight the EU’s commitment to strive for carbon neutrality. Considering the magnitude of the global challenge, it is evident that a green transition will not succeed without the efforts of every sector, including financial institutions. Concerns have been raised that central banks may, in fact, contribute to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions and, in consequence, aggravate global warming. This all has currently resulted in a rapid expansion of the debate on the potential role of central banks, and in particular the ECB, to consider climate objectives. In the European context, however, it is often argued that environmental sustainability lies outside the ECB’s traditional core mandate to focus on price stability. This article aims to introduce the environmental integration principle, laid down in Article 11 TFEU, in the ECB’s legal framework, and provide an analysis of the possibilities for and limitations to the greening of the ECB's monetary policy based on this provision. Although Article 11 TFEU has great potential with regards to the greening of sectoral policies, in legal literature, the provision has not gained enough academic attention in terms of the financial sector.
Extrathoracic reconstruction of arterial occlusive disease involving the supraaortic trunks
Creators: name: Owens, Lewis
name: Keagy, Blair
name: Criado, Enrique
name: Burnham, Steven
name: Tinsley, Ellis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the various extrathoracic reconstruction options in patients with occlusive disease of the supraaortic trunks and to define the efficacy of these procedures in maintaining graft patency and relieving symptomsMethods: Forty-four consecutive patients underwent 47 extrathoracic bypass procedures of the supraaortic trunks for correction of symptomatic subclavian (SCA), common carotid (CCA) or innominate (INA) artery occlusive disease between July 1975 and May 1994. SCA stenosis (n = 27) was associated with upper extremity claudication (55%), vertebrobasilar insufficiency (15%), or both (30%). CCA stenosis (n = 14) was accompanied by hemispheric symptoms in 86% and global ischemia in 14%, whereas INA stenosis (n = 3) was associated with transient ischemic attacks (67%) and right arm ischemia (33%).Results: SCA revascularization included carotid-subclavian or carotid-axillary bypass (n = 19), axilloaxillary bypass (n = 8), and subclavian-carotid transposition (n = 3). CCA reconstructions included subclavian-carotid (SC) bypass (n = 13) and carotid-carotid bypass (n = 1 ). INA procedures included three axilloaxillary bypasses. Six patients had an associated carotid endarterectomy, and three underwent concomitant vertebral artery transpositions. Intraluminal shunts were not routinely used. Vein was used as a conduit in five procedures, and a prosthetic graft (23 Dacron, 16 polytetrafluoroethylene) was used in the remainder. The average postoperative intensive care unit and hospital stay were 1 and 5 days, respectively. Follow-up was available in 43 of 44 patients (mean = 26.2 months). The perioperative morality rate was 2.2% (one axilloaxillary). There were five graft occlusions in procedures involving the axillary artery (3 of 11 axilloaxillary, 2 of 7 carotid-axillary) as compared with one of 29 thromboses when the operation was confined to the supraclavicular fossa (p < 0.05). Relief of symptoms was achieved in all patients with patent grafts. There were no perioperative strokes in the series. Other complications included one brachial plexus neuropraxia (axilloaxillary) and four patients with phrenic nerve neuropraxia.Conclusion: Extrathoracic revascularization of the supraaortic trunks is well tolerated and durable when operations are confined to the supraclavicular fossa and do not involve the axillary artery. (J VASC SURG 1995;22:217-22.)
Regional inequality in multidimensional quality of employment: insights from Chile, 1996–2017
Creators: name: Apablaza, Mauricio
name: Sehnbruch, Kirsten
name: González, Pablo
name: Méndez, Rocío
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper proposes a multidimensional synthetic index for measuring the quality of employment using the Alkire–Foster method. The results generated by this index highlight important differences between Chile's regions, but also a process of convergence, which has been mostly driven by regulatory changes and public policy rather than economic growth. The paper shows how much a synthetic index can contribute to regional analysis and how it can inform policymakers by focusing attention on the most vulnerable workers in regional labour markets.
A Copper Single-Atom Cascade Bionanocatalyst for Treating Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Diabetic Ulcer
Creators: name: Fan, Xin
name: Gao, Yang
name: Yang, Fan
name: Low, Jian Liang
name: Wang, Lei
name: Paulus, Beate
name: Wang, Yi
name: Trampuz, Andrej
name: Cheng, Chong
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cascade catalysis
subject: copper single-atom catalysts
subject: diabetic ulcers
subject: enzyme-mimetic bionanocatalysts
subject: multi-drug resistant bacteria
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Diabetic ulcers induced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have severely endangered diabetic populations. These ulcers are very challenging to treat because the local high glucose concentration can both promote bacterial growth and limit the immune system's bactericidal action. Herein, a glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOx-POD) dual-enzyme mimetic (DEM) bionanocatalyst, Au@CuBCats is synthesized to simultaneously control glucose concentration and bacteria in diabetic ulcers. Specifically, the AuNPs can serve as GOx mimics and catalyze the oxidation of glucose for the formation of H2O2; the H2O2 can then be further catalytically converted into OH via the POD-mimetic copper single atoms. Notably, the unique copper single atoms coordinated by one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms (CuN2O1) exhibit better POD catalytic performance than natural peroxidase. Further DFT calculations are conducted to study the catalytic mechanism and reveal the advantage of this CuN2O1 structure as compared to other copper single-atom sites. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm the outstanding antibacterial therapeutic efficacy of the DEM bionanocatalyst. This new bionanocatalyst will provide essential insights for the next generation of antibiotic-free strategies for combating MDR bacterial diabetic ulcers, and also offer inspiration for designing bionanocatalytic cascading medicines.
The endarterectomy-produced common carotid artery step: A harbinger of early emboli and late restenosis
Creators: name: Archie, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Purpose: This study analyzes the role of the carotid endarterectomy (CEA)-produced common carotid step or shelf on early and late CEA outcome. A simple method of reconstruction that covers the exposed media and intima of the step and smooths out the flow channel is presented.Methods: Since 1984 intraoperative geometric measurements were made on 1019 CEA. Duplex scans were made after surgery on 968 (95%); 234 (23%) were monitored for at least 5 years. Of the first 920 CEA, 261 (28%) had a step ≥2 mm. Of the last 99 operations, the 27 (27%) with a step ≥2 mm had inversion plication reconstruction of the step.Results: Three patients had early post-CEA neurologic events attributed to a common carotid step, two had transient ischemic attacks, and one had a mild stroke. All three had a CEA-produced step ≥2 mm (1.2% of 261, p = 0.03 when compared with no unexplained early neurologic events in the 659 without a step). Duplex scans were normal in all three except for a common carotid artery step. Six patients had seven reoperations for common carotid artery restenosis at 23 to 104 months (mean 73 months) after CEA. All had a step ≥2 mm at the origin CEA (2.7% of 261, p = 0.001 when compared with no reoperations for common carotid artery stenosis in the 659 CEA without a step). All but one patient had >75% restenosis. Four were asymptomatic. All seven with restenosis were within 2 mm of the original common carotid end point step. Four restenoses were concentric, two eccentric, and one ulcerated. Six of the seven arteries were originally reconstructed with a greater saphenous vein patch that extended 3 to 6 mm proximal to the step. Early postoperative duplex scans of the 27 recent CEA with step reconstruction demonstrated a tortuous but smooth common carotid artery flow channel.Conclusion : The CEA-produced common carotid artery step is a potential source of both early postoperative emboli and late restenosis. The incidence is approximately 4% in patients with a CEA step ≥2 mm. CEA vein patch reconstruction does not prevent restenosis in the region of the step but may lower the incidence. Although not proven, reconstruction techniques directed at covering the exposed step media and intima and smoothing the flow channel may favorably alter outcome. (J Vasc Surg 1996;23:932-9.)
(100381) Robert John Lunn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Shape coexistence and evolution in neutron-deficient krypton isotopes
Creators: name: Bai, Z. J.
name: Fu, X. M.
name: Jiao, C. F.
name: Xu, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Total Routhian Surface (TRS) calculations have been performed to investigate shape coexistence and evolution in neutron-deficient krypton isotopes ${}^{72,74,76}$Kr. The ground-state shape is found to change from oblate in ${}^{72}$Kr to prolate in ${}^{74,76}$Kr, in agreement with experimental data. Quadrupole deformations of the ground states and coexisting $0^{+}_{2}$ states as well as excitation energies of the latter are also well reproduced. While the general agreement between calculated moments of inertia and those deduced from observed spectra confirms the prolate nature of the low-lying yrast states of all three isotopes (except the ground state of ${}^{72}$Kr), the deviation at low spins suggests significant shape mixing. The role of triaxiality in describing shape coexistence and evolution in these nuclei is finally discussed.
Transportation gateways and trade: how accessibility to the border shapes the spatial concentration of commerce
Creators: name: Gallego, Nuria
name: Llano, Carlos
name: Zofío, José L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Based on a micro-founded gravity equation and resorting to a new database of interregional trade flows within European Union countries, we study the asymmetric concentration of inflows in importing regions when exports come from regions with different geographical advantages in terms of their accessibility to the international border. As a case study we consider the Spanish–French border characterized by two distinct coastal gateways that funnel most road freight. Differentiating between domestic and international distances we conclude that the intensity of trade depends on the relative accessibility to the transportation network. We perform robustness checks for different sectors, and multimodal and re-exporting schemes.
Large Seebeck Effect by Charge-Mobility Engineering
Creators: name: Sun, Peijie
name: Wei, Beipei
name: Zhang, Jiahao
name: Tomczak, Jan M.
name: Strydom, A. M.
name: Søndergaard, M.
name: Iversen, Bo B.
name: Steglich, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Seebeck effect describes the generation of an electric potential in a conducting solid exposed to a temperature gradient. Besides fundamental relevance in solid state physics, it serves as a key quantity to determine the performance of functional thermoelectric materials. In most cases, it is dominated by an energy-dependent electronic density of states at the Fermi level, in line with the prevalent efforts toward superior thermoelectrics through the engineering of electronic structure. Here, we demonstrate an alternative source for the Seebeck effect based on charge-carrier relaxation: A charge mobility that changes rapidly with temperature can result in a sizeable addition to the Seebeck coefficient. This new Seebeck source is demonstrated explicitly for Ni-doped CoSb3, where a dramatic mobility change occurs due to the crossover between two different charge-relaxation regimes. Our findings unveil the origin of pronounced features in the Seebeck coefficient of many other elusive materials characterized by a significant mobility mismatch. As the physical origin for the latter can vary greatly, our proposal provides a unifying framework for the understanding of a large panoply of thermoelectric phenomena. When utilized appropriately, this effect can also provide a novel route to the design of improved thermoelectric materials for applications in solid-state cooling or power generation.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures and 1 table
Froissart Bound on Inelastic Cross Section Without Unknown Constants
Creators: name: Martin, André
name: Roy, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that axiomatic local field theory results hold for hadron scattering, André Martin and S. M. Roy recently obtained absolute bounds on the D-wave below threshold for pion-pion scattering and thereby determined the scale of the logarithm in the Froissart bound on total cross sections in terms of pion mass only. Previously, Martin proved a rigorous upper bound on the inelastic cross-section $σ_{inel}$ which is one-fourth of the corresponding upper bound on $σ_{tot}$, and Wu, Martin,Roy and Singh improved the bound by adding the constraint of a given $σ_{tot}$. Here we use unitarity and analyticity to determine, without any high energy approximation, upper bounds on energy averaged inelastic cross sections in terms of low energy data in the crossed channel. These are Froissart-type bounds without any unknown coefficient or unknown scale factors and can be tested experimentally. Alternatively, their asymptotic forms,together with the Martin-Roy absolute bounds on pion-pion D-waves below threshold, yield absolute bounds on energy-averaged inelastic cross sections. E.g. for $π^0 π^0$ scattering, defining $σ_{inel}=σ_{tot} -\big (σ^{π^0 π^0 \rightarrow π^0 π^0} + σ^{π^0 π^0 \rightarrow π^+ π^-} \big )$,we show that for c.m. energy $\sqrt{s}\rightarrow \infty $, $\barσ_{inel }(s,\infty)\equiv s\int_{s} ^{\infty } ds'σ_{inel }(s')/s'^2 \leq (π/4) (m_{π})^{-2} [\ln (s/s_1)+(1/2)\ln \ln (s/s_1) +1]^2$ where $1/s_1= 34π\sqrt{2π}\>m_{π}^{-2} $ . This bound is asymptotically one-fourth of the corresponding Martin-Roy bound on the total cross section, and the scale factor $s_1$ is one-fourth of the scale factor in the total cross section bound. The average over the interval (s,2s) of the inelastic $π^0 π^0 $cross section has a bound of the same form with $1/s_1$ replaced by $1/s_2=2/s_1 $.
description: 9 pages. Submitted to Physical Review D
Real-time monitoring of Lévy flights in a single quantum system
Creators: name: Issler, Mena
name: Höller, Judith
name: Imamoğlu, Atac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lévy flights are random walks where the dynamics is dominated by rare events. Even though they have been studied in vastly different physical systems, their observation in a single quantum system has remained elusive. Here we analyze a periodically driven open central spin system and demonstrate theoretically that the dynamics of the spin environment exhibits Lévy flights. For the particular realization in a single-electron charged quantum dot driven by periodic resonant laser pulses, we use Monte Carlo simulations to confirm that the long waiting times between successive nuclear spin flip events are governed by a power-law distribution; the corresponding exponent $η=-3/2$ can be directly measured in real-time by observing the waiting time distribution of successive photon emission events. Remarkably, the dominant intrinsic limitation of the scheme arising from nuclear quadrupole coupling can be minimized by adjusting the magnetic field or by implementing spin echo.
(100377) John Llewellyn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Wall thickness after carotid endarterectomy in patients with paired vein and Dacron patch reconstruction
Creators: name: Archie, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Purpose: This is an analysis of early postcarotid endarterectomy (CEA) wall thickness in patients who have undergone bilateral operations with vein and Dacron patch reconstructions.Methods: In the past 5 years 23 patients had staged bilateral CEA within 2 months with an autologous greater saphenous vein patch on one side and a knitted Dacron patch on the other. Duplex scans with adequate B-mode resolution to measure common carotid bulb total wall thickness were performed in all 23 patients during the first post-CEA year and in 12 patients in the post-CEA second year.Results: There were no hemodynamically detectable restenoses by Doppler velocity criteria. All peak systolic velocities were ≤110 cm/sec. In the first post-CEA year the total wall thickness of the 23 vein patch CEA was 1.7 ± 1.0 mm (mean ± 1 SD; range, 0.6 to 5.5 mm), and the total wall thickness of the 22 Dacron patch CEA was 1.7 ± 1.1 mm (range, 0.6 to 6.1 mm, p = 0.93). In the second post-CEA year wall thickness was 2.1 ± 1.8 mm (range, 0.6 to 5.8 mm) in the vein patch arteries and 2.0 ± 1.5 mm (range, 0.6 to 5.4 mm, p = 0.91) in the Dacron patch arteries. Although wall thickness of both vein and Dacron patch CEA varied widely between patients, the within-patient absolute difference between the two sides was quite small, 0.1 ± 0.3 mm in the first year and 0.2 ± 0.5 mm in the second. With a 5% chance of a type I statistical error (α = 0.05) to detect a 0.5 mm difference in wall thickness between Dacron and vein patch CEA, the power of the paired t test is >0.999, and the probability of a type II error, β, is 2 mm was associated with continued smoking (p = 0.03).Conclusions: Post-CEA wall thickening is highly patient-dependent but is patch material-independent. Knitted Dacron and saphenous vein patch reconstructed carotid arteries develop almost identical wall thickness in a given patient in the first 2 years after endarterectomy. These results support the use of knitted Dacron as an acceptable alternative to greater saphenous for a CEA patch. (J Vasc Surg 1997;25:554-60.)
Stress buffering after physical activity engagement: An experience sampling study
Creators: name: Gerstberger, Leo
name: Blanke, Elisabeth S.
name: Keller, Jan
name: Brose, Annette
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: experience sampling methodology
subject: physical activity
subject: positive and negative affect
subject: stress
subject: stress buffering
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Objectives While encountering daily hassles is a normative experience, it poses a threat to individuals' daily affective well-being. However, physical activity engagement may help to reduce the current stress-related impact on affective well-being (i.e. stress buffering), which we investigate in this study. Furthermore, we examined the possible moderating role of people's global stress context (i.e. exposure to major life events and chronic stress) on this within-person stress-buffering effect. Design We approached these ideas using six-times-a-day experience sampling assessments over a period of 22 days. Methods Drawing on a broad national sample of 156 middle-aged adults from the EE-SOEP-IS study, we aimed to elucidate the naturally occurring within-person dynamics of current stress, physical activity engagement, and momentary affect within individuals' everyday lives. Major life events and chronic stress were measured as between-person variables. Results Multilevel analyses revealed significant within-person associations of current stress and physical activity engagement with momentary affect. Stress-related negative affect was lower when individuals engaged in physical activity, in accordance with the idea of a within-person stress-buffering effect of physical activity engagement. For individuals exposed to more severe major life events, the stress-buffering effect of physical activity engagement for negative affect was lower. Chronic stress did not moderate the within-person stress-buffering effect. Conclusions Overall, results add to the existing literature that links physical activity to increased stress resilience and emphasizes the need for taking the global between-person stress context into account.