Spioniades artemidoides Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Spioniades
Spioniades artemidoides

description: Spioniades artemidoides Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 85986CDE-04A2-42E3-BD64-178DD5DB5583  
(Fig. 2 part, 59–60, 271–273)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that a specimen from Southern Brazil identified as Spioniades artemides (Stoll, 1782) (type locality in Suriname) is genetically differentiated from it (Fig. 2): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 5.0% (33 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species keys to S. artemides (E.14.2) in Evans (1953) and differs from it and S. artemis new species by the following combination of characters: the irregular, wavy, and sharp border between discal brown and postdiscal white area on the hindwing, frequent expression of pale diffuse spot(s) towards inner margin and tornus of the ventral forewing (Fig. 59–60), less robust uncus in lateral view, broader in dorsal view, shallowly divided harpe with slightly concave distal margin in lateral view and protruding deeper inward in dorsal view, nearly straight with a broader knob-like process that protrudes less inward (Fig. 271–273). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly251.4.1:G89A, aly6370.13.3:C61T, aly15220.10.2:C66T, aly2012.51.1:T768G, aly336.2.3:A52T, aly4333.9.1:C60C (not T), aly 1113.5.5:T45T (not A), aly 1456.5.1:T1015T (not A), aly 1456.5.1:T1044T (not C), aly1139.42.1:C66C (not T), and COI barcode: T70C, T91A, T178C, T202C, T226C, A379G.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-19088B05, GenBank OR837648, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATAGTAGGAACTTCCTTAAGTTTACTAATTCGAACCGAATTAGGAAATCCTGGAGCACTTATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATAATCGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAATCCCATTAATGCTAGGGGCCCCTGACATAGCATTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCATCTTTAATACTTTTGAT TTCTAGTAGTATTGTTGAAAATGGGGCAGGTACTGGTTGAACAGTTTATCCCCCTCTTTCAGCTAATATTGCACATCAAGGATCTTCGGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCTTTACATCTTGCTGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTTCTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAGAAATCTTTCAT TTGATCAAATACCATTATTTGTTTGAGCTGTTGGAATTACTGCTTTACTTTTATTATTATCTTTACCAGTATTAGCTGGTGCTATTACTATACTTTT AACTGACCGAAATCTTAATACATCATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGGGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ currently deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 59–60, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [Brasil: Santa Catarina | Joinville: 10–200 m | 16 Feb. 1991 | Leg. H. Miers], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19088B05 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01588918], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Spioniades | artemidoides Grishin].   
 Type locality. Brazil: Santa Catarina, Joinville.   
 Etymology. The name is formed from its sister species name and is a noun in apposition. From north to south, short to long, we get artemis, artemides, and artemidoides.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from Southern Brazil.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362