Muraenidae
Creators: name: Golani, Daniel
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Anguilliformes
Muraenidae

description: MURAENIDAE   Echidna nebulosa (Ahl 1789)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena nebulosa), Eritrea (Borsieri 1904, as Muraena nebulosa), Saudi Arabia (Botros 1971, as Muraena nebulosa), Yemen (Botros 1971, as Muraena nebulosa). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.   
 Echidna polyzona (Richardson 1845)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena polyzona).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands.   
 Enchelycore bayeri (Schultz 1953)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Saudi Arabia (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Réunion, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Line, Marquesas and Society islands.   
 Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (Bleeker 1853)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena hemprichii; Böhlke & Smith 2002, Debelius 2007 as Gymnothorax monochrous).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Chagos Archipelago east to Society and Marquesas islands.   
 Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw 1797)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997, as Echidna zebra).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena zebra), Eritrea (Clark et al. 1968, as Echidna zebra), Saudi Arabia (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Muraena ophis; see Fricke 2008); Yemen (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Muraena ophis; see Fricke 2008).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Revillagigedo Archipelago and Mexico.   
 Gymnothorax angusticauda (Weber & de Beaufort 1916)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.   
 Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann 1935)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Böhlke & McCosker 2001).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Red Sea, western Pacific: southern Japan, Lord Howe Island, Hawaiian Islands Chain.   
 * Gymnothorax baranesi Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder 2008   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Smith et al. 2008).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Gulf of Aqaba endemic.   
 Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker 1857)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax meleagris), Israel (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena corallina), Eritrea (Tortonese 1957, as Gymnothorax meleagris and G. corallinus).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.   
 Gymnothorax elegans Bliss 1883   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan (Ajiad & El-Absy 1986, as Lycodontis elegans).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands.   
 Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider 1801   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Yemen (Randall 1994c).   
 General distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to southern Japan and Papua New Guinea.   
 Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell 1830)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax flavimarginata), Jordan (Khalaf 2004).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena flavimarginata), Sudan (Randall & Golani 1995), Eritrea (Tortonese 1957), Saudi Arabia (Roux-Estève & Fourmanoir 1955, as Gymnothorax flavomarginatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.   
 Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax geometrica), Israel (Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955, as Gymnothorax geometricus; Tortonese 1968, as Echidna grisea), Jordan (Bouchon et al. 1981, as Siderea grisea).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena geometrica; Diamant & Shpigel 1985, as Siderea grisea), Sudan (Botros 1971, as Gymnothorax geometricus; Krupp 1990, as Siderea grisea), Eritrea (Rüppell 1830, as Muraena geometrica), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1838, as Muraena bilineata; Tortonese 1983, as Echidna grisea), Yemen (Debelius 2007, as Siderea grisea).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Transkei (South Africa) to Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes.   
 Gymnothorax hepaticus (Rüppell 1830)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004, as Gymnothorax monochrous).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena hepatica), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Gymnothorax hepatica), Eritrea (Kossmann & Räuber 1877, as Muraena cinerascens), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1830, as Muraena cinerascens), Yemen (D'Ancona 1928, as Leptocephalus muraenae hepatica).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: India east to Samoa.   
 Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker 1859)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan (Khalaf 2004).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena javanica), Sudan (Randall & Golani 1995), Yemen (Heda et al. 1998).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Pitcairn Group and Cocos Island.   
 Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith 1962)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (McCosker et al. 1983), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997).   
 Red Sea main basin: Eritrea (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Madagascar and Mascarenes.   
 Gymnothorax moluccensis (Bleeker 1864)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Yemen (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Christmas Island and Indonesia to Gulf of Thailand and Queensland (Australia).   
 Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther 1867)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (Fowler & Steinitz 1956), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands.   
 Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789)   
 Red Sea: Egypt (Haroun et al. 2017).   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Randall & Golani 1995, as Siderea picta).   
 Red Sea main basin: Eritrea (Tortonese 1935), Saudi Arabia (Tortonese 1983).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.   
 Gymnothorax pindae Smith 1962   
 Red Sea: Egypt (Haroun et al. 2017).   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group.   
 Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke 2000   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Eritrea (Randall & Golani 1995, as Gymnothorax herrei).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands.   
 Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & Schneider 1801   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010), Israel (Fowler & Steinitz 1956; Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: -   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa to western India.   
 Gymnothorax randalli Smith & Böhlke 1997   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995, as Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus).   
 Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Lombok (Indonesia).   
 Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch 1795   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to southern Japan and New Guinea.   
 Remark: Lessepsian migrant into eastern Mediterranean (see Stern & Goren 2013).   
 Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland 1844)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan (Khalaf 2004).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena rüppellii).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands.   
 Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Debelius 2007, as Siderea thyrsoidea).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Line and Tuamotu islands.   
 Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède 1803)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955, as Gymnothorax undulata). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena undulata), Sudan (Debelius 2007), Eritrea (D'Ancona 1928, as Muraena undulata; Tortonese 1935), Yemen (D'Ancona 1928, as Leptocephalus muraena undulatae). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.   
 Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Cape Verde Islands.   
Remark. Anti-Lessepsian migrant that originated from Mediterranean Sea (Randall & Golani 1995).  
 Strophidon sathete (Hamilton 1822)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Ajiad 1987b, as Thyrsoidea macrura).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Mariana and Society islands.   
 Uropterygius concolor Rüppell 1838   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Gymnomuraena concolor), Eritrea (Rüppell 1838).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Mariana Islands and Marquesas Islands.   
 * Uropterygius genie Randall & Golani 1995   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 General distribution: Red Sea endemic.   
 * Uropterygius golanii McCosker & Smith 1997   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (McCosker & Smith 1997), Egypt (McCosker & Smith 1997).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Gulf of Aqaba endemic.   
 Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker 1865)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995, as Uropterygius makatei).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: western Mascarenes; Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) east to Panama.   
 Uropterygius micropterus (Bleeker 1852)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 Red Sea main basin: ¯   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Phoenix Islands.   
 Uropterygius nagoensis Hatooka 1984   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Randall & Golani 1995), Sudan (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Ryukyu Islands; Papua New Guinea east to Society Islands.   
 Uropterygius polyspilus (Regan 1909)   
 Gulf of Suez: ¯   
 Gulf of Aqaba: ¯   
 Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Saudi Arabia (Randall & Golani 1995).   
 General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Society islands.
description: Published as part of Golani, Daniel & Fricke, Ronald, 2018, Checklist of the Red Sea Fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants, pp. 1-215 in Zootaxa 4509 (1) on pages 19-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4509.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2607566