cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
N -Benzyl-5-methoxytryptamines as Potent Serotonin 5-HT 2 Receptor Family Agonists and Comparison with a Series of Phenethylamine Analogues
Creators: name: Brandt, Simon D.
name: Sassano, M. Flori
name: Nichols, David E.
name: Elliott, Simon P.
name: Klein, Landon M.
name: Halberstadt, Adam L.
name: Fiedler, Wolfgang J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: A series of N-benzylated-5-methoxytryptamine analogues was prepared and investigated, with special emphasis on substituents in the meta position of the benzyl group. A parallel series of several N-benzylated analogues of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine (2C-I) also was included for comparison of the two major templates (i.e., tryptamine and phenethylamine). A broad affinity screen at serotonin receptors showed that most of the compounds had the highest affinity at the 5-HT2 family receptors. Substitution at the para position of the benzyl group resulted in reduced affinity, whereas substitution in either the ortho or the meta position enhanced affinity. In general, introduction of a large lipophilic group improved affinity, whereas functional activity often followed the opposite trend. Tests of the compounds for functional activity utilized intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Function was measured at the human 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, as well as at the rat 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. There was no general correlation between affinity and function. Several of the tryptamine congeners were very potent functionally (EC50 values from 7.6 to 63 nM), but most were partial agonists. Tests in the mouse head twitch assay revealed that many of the compounds induced the head twitch and that there was a significant correlation between this behavior and functional potency at the rat 5-HT2A receptor.
Substantial optical dielectric enhancement by volume compression in LiAsSe$_2$
Creators: name: Zheng, Fan
name: Brehm, John A.
name: Young, Steve M.
name: Kim, Youngkuk
name: Rappe, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on first-principles calculations, we predict a substantial increase in the optical dielectric function of LiAsSe$_2$ under pressure. We find that the optical dielectric constant is enhanced threefold under volume compression. This enhancement is mainly due to the dimerization strength reduction of the one-dimensional (1D) As--Se chains in LiAsSe$_2$, which significantly alters the wavefunction phase mismatch between two neighboring chains and changes the transition intensity. By developing a tight-binding model of the interacting 1D chains, the essential features of the low-energy electronic structure of LiAsSe$_2$ are captured. Our findings are important for understanding the fundamental physics of LiAsSe$_2$ and provide a feasible way to enhance the material optical response that can be applied to light harvesting for energy applications.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Of Mice and Monkeys: Can Animal Models Be Utilized to Study Neurological Consequences of Pediatric HIV-1 Infection?
Creators: name: Lawrence, Jerome
name: Carryl, Heather
name: Curtis, Kimberly
name: Kamboj, Herman
name: Swang, Melanie
name: De Paris, Kristina
name: Burke, Mark W.
name: Van Rompay, Koen K.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection remains a global health crisis. Children are much more susceptible to HIV-1 neurological impairments than adults, which can be exacerbated by coinfections. Neurological characteristics of pediatric HIV-1 infection suggest dysfunction in the frontal cortex as well as the hippocampus; limited MRI data indicate global cerebral atrophy, and pathological data suggest accelerated neuronal apoptosis in the cortex. An obstacle to pediatric HIV-1 research is a human representative model system. Host-species specificity of HIV-1 limits the ability to model neurological consequences of pediatric HIV-1 infection in animals. Several models have been proposed including neonatal intracranial injections of HIV-1 viral proteins in rats and perinatal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of infant macaques. Nonhuman primate models recapitulate the complexity of pediatric HIV-1, neuropathogenesis while rodent models are able to elucidate the role specific viral proteins exert on neurodevelopment. Nonhuman primate models show similar behavioral and neuropathological characteristics to pediatric HIV-1 infection and offer a stage to investigate early viral mechanisms, latency reservoirs, and therapeutic interventions. Here we review the relative strengths and limitations of pediatric HIV-1 model systems.
title: Paediatric Vascular Anomalies: Classification, Terminology and The Role of Imaging
Creators: name: Reddy, Kiran
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Sclerosis
subject: Embolisation
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Understand the latest (2014) International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification system. Identify the key imaging findings of paediatric soft-tissue vascular anomalies on US and MRI. Appreciate the natural history of...
title: Radiological criteria for differentiation of malignancy degree in small renal tumors
Creators: name: Lice, Annija
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Aim: To evaluate the structure of small renal tumors in pre- and post-contrast CT series. To comparethe structure of the tumor in CT images and postoperative histology material. Hypothesis: The histologicalstructure of tumor can be evaluated by CT...
Regional Variation in Phasic Dopamine Release during Alcohol and Sucrose Self-Administration in Rats
Creators: name: Shnitko, Tatiana A.
name: Robinson, Donita L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: While dopamine input to the dorsal striatum is well-known to be critical for action selection, including alcohol-motivated behaviors, it is unknown whether changes in phasic dopamine accompany these behaviors. Long-term alcohol abuse is believed to promote alterations in the neurocircuitry of reward learning in both ventral and dorsal striatum, potentially through increasing dopamine release. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, we measured phasic dopamine release in the dorsal and ventral striatum during alcoholic and nonalcoholic reward-seeking behavior and reward-related cues in rats trained on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. We observed robust phasic dopamine release in the dorsolateral striatum after reinforced lever presses and inconsistent dopamine release in the dorsomedial striatum. Contrary to our expectations, alcohol did not enhance dopamine release in rats drinking alcoholic rewards. Cue-induced dopamine release was also observed in the nucleus accumbens core of rats drinking the reward solutions. These data demonstrate that alcoholic and nonalcoholic reward self-administration on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement in rats is accompanied by phasic dopamine release time-locked to reinforcement in the dorsolateral striatum and the nucleus accumbens, but not the dorsomedial striatum.
title: "Tricks of the Trade":Maximising diagnostic utility of the barium oesophogram in the functional assessment of the oesophagus
Creators: name: Power, Stephen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Swallowing disorders
subject: Barium meal
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Gastrointestinal tract

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: This educational exhibit aims to outline a modern approach to the barium oesophogram This should service as a guide to residents and fellows regarding the optiumum technique Simple techniques to maximise diagnostic utility are...
The First Structure–Activity Relationship Studies for Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaobao
name: Jin, Jian
name: Stone, Orrin
name: Huang, Xi Ping
name: Chen, Xin
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Choo, Hyunah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Over the past decade, two independent technologies have emerged and been widely adopted by the neuroscience community for remotely controlling neuronal activity: optogenetics which utilize engineered channelrhodopsin and other opsins, and chemogenetics which utilize engineered G protein-coupled receptors (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs)) and other orthologous ligand–receptor pairs. Using directed molecular evolution, two types of DREADDs derived from human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have been developed: hM3Dq which activates neuronal firing, and hM4Di which inhibits neuronal firing. Importantly, these DREADDs were not activated by the native ligand acetylcholine (ACh), but selectively activated by clozapine N-oxide (CNO), a pharmacologically inert ligand. CNO has been used extensively in rodent models to activate DREADDs, and although CNO is not subject to significant metabolic transformation in mice, a small fraction of CNO is apparently metabolized to clozapine in humans and guinea pigs, lessening the translational potential of DREADDs. To effectively translate the DREADD technology, the next generation of DREADD agonists are needed and a thorough understanding of structure–activity relationships (SARs) of DREADDs is required for developing such ligands. We therefore conducted the first SAR studies of hM3Dq. We explored multiple regions of the scaffold represented by CNO, identified interesting SAR trends, and discovered several compounds that are very potent hM3Dq agonists but do not activate the native human M3 receptor (hM3). We also discovered that the approved drug perlapine is a novel hM3Dq agonist with >10 000-fold selectivity for hM3Dq over hM3.
Chandler wobble: Stochastic and deterministic dynamics
Creators: name: Jenkins, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model of the Earth's torqueless precession, the "Chandler wobble", as a self-oscillation driven by positive feedback between the wobble and the centrifugal deformation of the portion of the Earth's mass contained in circulating fluids. The wobble may thus run like a heat engine, extracting energy from heat-powered geophysical circulations whose natural periods would otherwise be unrelated to the wobble's observed period of about fourteen months. This can explain, more plausibly than previous models based on stochastic perturbations or forced resonance, how the wobble is maintained against viscous dissipation. The self-oscillation is a deterministic process, but stochastic variations in the magnitude and distribution of the circulations may turn off the positive feedback (a Hopf bifurcation), accounting for the occasional extinctions, followed by random phase jumps, seen in the data. This model may have implications for broader questions about the relation between stochastic and deterministic dynamics in complex systems, and the statistical analysis thereof.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. v2: Briefly clarified incompatibility of forced resonance model with estimated quality factor, improved references, adjustments to title and abstract, change of format. Presented at the 13th International Conference, Dynamical Systems - Theory and Applications (DSTA '2015), {\L}\'od\'z, Poland, 7-10 Dec. 2015
Efficient Solution-Phase Synthesis of 4,5,7-Trisubstituted Pyrrolo[3,2- d ]pyrimidines
Creators: name: Liu, Jing
name: Stashko, Michael A.
name: Wang, Xiaodong
name: Zhang, Weihe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We have developed an efficient and robust route to synthesize 4,5,7-trisubstituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines as potent kinase inhibitors. This solution-phase synthesis features a SNAr substitution reaction, cross-coupling reaction, one-pot reduction/reductive amination and N-alkylation reaction. These reactions occur rapidly with high yields and have broad substrate scopes. A variety of groups can be selectively introduced into the N5 and C7 positions of 4,5,7-trisubstituted pyrrolopyrimidines at a late stage of the synthesis, thereby providing a highly efficient approach to explore the structure-activity relationships of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives. Four synthetic analogs have been profiled against a panel of 48 kinases and a new and selective FLT3 inhibitor 9 is identified.
Additional file 1 of Multi-omics analysis of an in vitro photoaging model and protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium
Creators: name: Zou, Xiaocang
name: Zou, Dayang
name: Li, Linhao
name: Yu, Renfeng
name: Li, XianHuang
name: Du, Xingyue
name: Guo, JinPeng
name: Wang, KeHui
name: Liu, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primer information for qRT-PCR.
MPEC 2024-R182 : COMET P/2024 R1 (PANSTARRS)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET P/2024 R1 (PANSTARRS)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A Novel Sterol Isolated from a Plant Used by Mayan Traditional Healers Is Effective in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani
Creators: name: Shelton, Andrew B.
name: Snider, Heidi
name: Varikuti, Sanjay
name: Naman, C. Benjamin
name: Gupta, Gaurav
name: Ainslie, Kristy M.
name: Parinandi, Narasimham L.
name: Fuchs, James R.
name: Peine, Kevin J.
name: Kotha, Sainath R.
name: Kinghorn, A. Douglas
name: Satoskar, Abhay R.
name: Pan, Li
name: Bachelder, Eric M.
name: Huntsman, Andrew C.
name: Oghumu, Steve
name: Papenfuss, Tracy L.
name: Abdelhamid, Dalia
name: Rao, Latha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani, is a global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Treatment of VL largely depends on therapeutic drugs such as pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, and others, which have major drawbacks due to drug resistance, toxicity, and high cost. In this study, for the first time, we have successfully demonstrated the synthesis and antileishmanial activity of the novel sterol pentalinonsterol (PEN), which occurs naturally in the root of a Mexican medicinal plant, Pentalinon andrieuxii. In the experimental BALB/c mouse model of VL induced by infection with L. donovani, intravenous treatment with liposome-encapsulated PEN (2.5 mg/kg) led to a significant reduction in parasite burden in the liver and spleen. Furthermore, infected mice treated with liposomal PEN showed a strong host-protective TH1 immune response characterized by IFN-γ production and formation of matured hepatic granulomas. These results indicate that PEN could be developed as a novel drug against VL.
title: Extramedullary cystic lesions of the spine - pictorial review
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Carolina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Screening
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Cysts

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this presentation is to: - present a pictorial review of acquired extramedullary cystic lesions of the spine; - present clues to location, etiology, and classification; - illustrate some possible...
(101228) Margaret Horwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: FEMBUS – Bowel, Urinary and Sexual function in women with symptomatic fibroids: effect of uterine artery embolisation
Creators: name: Ratnam, Lakshmi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Hyperplasia / Hypertrophy
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Embolisation
subject: Arterial access
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Aims: To prospectively evaluate the role and efficacy of three validated questionnaires and their application to symptom assessment in uterine artery embolisation. These include: King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) - focussed on urinary symptoms Bowel...
Additional file 2 of Multi-omics analysis of an in vitro photoaging model and protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium
Creators: name: Zou, Xiaocang
name: Zou, Dayang
name: Li, Linhao
name: Yu, Renfeng
name: Li, XianHuang
name: Du, Xingyue
name: Guo, JinPeng
name: Wang, KeHui
name: Liu, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. SASP transcriptional regulation process.
title: PET/CT imaging of mediastinal masses: Experience in over 10 years on Colombia’s first PET/CT scanner.
Creators: name: Vélez Zuluaga, Juan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mediastinum
subject: Thorax
subject: Hybrid Imaging
subject: PET-CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Staging
subject: Cancer
subject: Metastases
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Describe mediastinal anatomy, focused on differential diagnoses and important features of conditions per compartment Briefly explain FDG PET/CT principles, normal physiologic findings in the mediastinum and pitfalls that may lead to...
Magnetic Energy Dissipation during the 2014 March 29 Solar Flares
Creators: name: Aschwanden, Markus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculated the time evolution of the free magnetic energy during the 2014-Mar-29 flare (SOL2014-03-29T17:48), the first X-class flare detected by IRIS. The free energy was calculated from the difference between the nonpotential field, constrained by the geometry of observed loop structures, and the potential field. We use AIA/SDO and IRIS images to delineate the geometry of coronal loops in EUV wavelengths, as well as to trace magnetic field directions in UV wavelengths in the chromosphere and transition region. We find an identical evolution of the free energy for both the coronal and chromospheric tracers, as well as agreement between AIA and IRIS results, with a peak free energy of $E_{free}(t_{peak}) \approx (45 \pm 2) \times 10^{30}$ erg, which decreases by an amount of $ΔE_{free} \approx (29 \pm 3) \times 10^{30}$ erg during the flare decay phase. The consistency of free energies measured from different EUV and UV wavelengths for the first time here, demonstrates that vertical electric currents (manifested in form of helically twisted loops) can be detected and measured from both chromospheric and coronal tracers.
description: ApJ Letters (accepted 2015-Apr-10; in press)
(101224) Harriet Mary Ann Horwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 3 of Multi-omics analysis of an in vitro photoaging model and protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium
Creators: name: Zou, Xiaocang
name: Zou, Dayang
name: Li, Linhao
name: Yu, Renfeng
name: Li, XianHuang
name: Du, Xingyue
name: Guo, JinPeng
name: Wang, KeHui
name: Liu, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S2. Protein–protein interaction diagram.
RISOLUZIONE PER INADEMPIMENTO E RESTITUZIONI NEI CONTRATTI DELL'INTERMEDIAZIONE FINANZIARIA
Creators: name: ORIANI, ANDREA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2013

description: This doctoral thesis focuses on conditions and effects of termination of contracts for the provision of investments. In light of their different features, investment services seem to be attributable to two different categories: management services, on one side, execution (of orders) services, on the other side, which two different kinds of contract correspond to. In any case, such contracts appear, from a structural point of view, identical; in particular, they seem mutual (?sinallagmatici?) so that, according to Article 1453 of the Italian Civil Code, the non breaching party (usually, the investor) is entitled to terminate it. Furthermore it seems possible for the investor to demand the partial termination of the contract in order to preserve the investments which have been correctly executed before the breach, provided that such breach is serious enough pursuant to Article 1455 of the Italian Civil Code. Partial termination entails that each party is compelled to return what it has received in execution of the terminated part of the contract. Therefore investor shall return financial instruments purchased while financial intermediary shall return their price, both increased of interests or profits accrued since the date of payment.
title: A pictorial case series of metastases to the breast from extra-mammary primaries that mimic a primary breast malignancy.
Creators: name: Eleti, Saigeet
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Metastases
subject: Cancer
subject: Drainage
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mammography
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1) To provide a pictorial review of a series of cases of metastases to the breast from various extra-mammary malignancies. 2) To analyse the clinical, radiological and laboratory features of these metastatic lesions which can mimic primary breast...
Network Analysis Reveals Sex- and Antibiotic Resistance-Associated Antivirulence Targets in Clinical Uropathogens
Creators: name: Marschall, Jonas
name: Parker, Kaveri S.
name: Wilson, James D.
name: Henderson, Jeffrey P.
name: Mucha, Peter J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is driving interest in therapeutic targeting of nonconserved virulence factor (VF) genes. The ability to formulate efficacious combinations of antivirulence agents requires an improved understanding of how UPEC deploy these genes. To identify clinically relevant VF combinations, we applied contemporary network analysis and biclustering algorithms to VF profiles from a large, previously characterized inpatient clinical cohort. These mathematical approaches identified four stereotypical VF combinations with distinctive relationships to antibiotic resistance and patient sex that are independent of traditional phylogenetic grouping. Targeting resistance- or sex-associated VFs based upon these contemporary mathematical approaches may facilitate individualized anti-infective therapies and identify synergistic VF combinations in bacterial pathogens.
Bilevel parameter learning for higher-order total variation regularisation models
Creators: name: Reyes, J. C. De los
name: Schönlieb, C. -B.
name: Valkonen, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a bilevel optimisation approach for parameter learning in higher-order total variation image reconstruction models. Apart from the least squares cost functional, naturally used in bilevel learning, we propose and analyse an alternative cost, based on a Huber regularised TV-seminorm. Differentiability properties of the solution operator are verified and a first-order optimality system is derived. Based on the adjoint information, a quasi-Newton algorithm is proposed for the numerical solution of the bilevel problems. Numerical experiments are carried out to show the suitability of our approach and the improved performance of the new cost functional. Thanks to the bilevel optimisation framework, also a detailed comparison between TGV$^2$ and ICTV is carried out, showing the advantages and shortcomings of both regularisers, depending on the structure of the processed images and their noise level.
Surface growth for molten silicon infiltration into carbon millimeter-sized channels: Lattice-Boltzmann simulations, experiments and models
Creators: name: Sergi, Danilo
name: Camarano, Antonio
name: Molina, José Miguel
name: Ortona, Alberto
name: Narciso, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of liquid silicon infiltration is investigated for channels with radii from $0.25$ to $0.75$ [mm] drilled in compact carbon preforms. The advantage of this setup is that the study of the phenomenon results to be simplified. For comparison purposes, attempts are made in order to work out a framework for evaluating the accuracy of simulations. The approach relies on dimensionless numbers involving the properties of the surface reaction. It turns out that complex hydrodynamic behavior derived from second Newton law can be made consistent with Lattice-Boltzmann simulations. The experiments give clear evidence that the growth of silicon carbide proceeds in two different stages and basic mechanisms are highlighted. Lattice-Boltzmann simulations prove to be an effective tool for the description of the growing phase. Namely, essential experimental constraints can be implemented. As a result, the existing models are useful to gain more insight on the process of reactive infiltration into porous media in the first stage of penetration, i.e. up to pore closure because of surface growth. A way allowing to implement the resistance from chemical reaction in Darcy law is also proposed.
title: Diagnostic imaging approach in children with an ectopic ureter
Creators: name: Kocutar, Tina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: MR
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Paediatric
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To summarise the diagnostic imaging approach for ectopic ureteral insertion in...
Generating Better Medicines for Cancer
Creators: name: Dunn, Stuart S.
name: Perry, Jillian L.
name: Byrne, James D.
name: Desimone, Joseph M.
name: Chen, Kai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The complexity of tumor biology warrants tailored drug delivery for overcoming the major challenges faced by cancer therapies. The versatility of the PRINT® (Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates) process has enabled the preparation of shape- and size-specific particles with a wide range of chemical compositions and therapeutic cargos. Different particle matrices and drugs may be combined in a plug-and-play approach, such that physico-chemical characteristics of delivery vectors may be optimized for biocompatibility, cargo stability and release, circulation half-life, and efficacy. Thus, the engineering of particles for cancer therapy with specific biophysical behaviors and cellular responses has been demonstrated via the PRINT process.
A meta-analysis of the mechanical properties of ice-templated ceramics and metals
Creators: name: Deville, Sylvain
name: Meille, Sylvain
name: Seuba, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ice templating, also known as freeze casting, is a popular shaping route for macroporous materials. Over the past 15 years, it has been widely applied to various classes of materials, and in particular ceramics. Many formulation and process parameters, often interdependent, affect the outcome. It is thus difficult to understand the various relationships between these parameters from isolated studies where only a few of these parameters have been investigated. We report here the results of a meta analysis of the structural and mechanical properties of ice templated materials from an exhaustive collection of records. We use these results to identify which parameters are the most critical to control the structure and properties, and to derive guidelines to optimize the mechanical response of ice templated materials. We hope these results will be a helpful guide to anyone interested in such materials.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures, 172 references. Datasets and Jupyter (IPython) Notebook available from Figshare (http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1412626) as soon as the paper is published
title: No Shades of Grey in Multiple Sclerosis: The importance of DIR sequence in Cognitive Decline
Creators: name: Quedi de Araujo e Silva, Jaísa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Screening
subject: Dementia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1-To correlate the presence of cortical lesions on the double inversion pulses (DIR) sequence in patients withmultiple sclerosis (MS) and cognitive decline. 2-Show illustrative cases of cortical lesions on DIR...
A Network-based Approach to Breast Cancer Systems Medicine.
Creators: name: LUSITO, ELEONORA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Although recent improvements in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of breast cancer have led to a significant decrease in the mortality rate, the identification of an optimal therapeutic strategy for each patient remains a difficult task because of the heterogeneous nature of the disease. Clinical heterogeneity of breast cancer is in part explained by the vast genetic and molecular heterogeneity of this disease, which is now emerging from large-scale screening studies using ?-omics? technologies (e.g. microarray gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing). This genetic and molecular heterogeneity likely contributes significantly to therapy response and clinical outcome. The recent advances in our understanding of the molecular nature of breast cancer due, in particular, to the explosion of high-throughput technologies, is driving a shift away from the ?one-dose-fits-all? paradigm in healthcare, to the new ?Personalized Cancer Care? paradigm. The aim of ?Personalized Cancer Care? is to select the optimal course of clinical intervention for individual patients, maximizing the likelihood of effective treatment and reducing the probability of adverse drug reactions, according to the molecular features of the patient. In light to this medical scenario, the aim of this project is to identify novel molecular mechanisms that are altered in breast cancer through the development of a computational pipeline, in order to propose putative biomarkers and druggable target genes for the personalized management of patients. Through the application of a Systems Biology approach to reverse engineer Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) from gene expression data, we built GRNs around ?hub? genes transcriptionally correlating with clinical-pathological features associated with breast tumor expression profiles. The relevance of the GRNs as putative cancer-related mechanisms was reinforced by the occurrence of mutational events related to breast cancer in the ?hub? genes, as well as in the neighbor genes. Moreover, for some networks, we observed mutually exclusive mutational patterns in the neighbors genes, thus supporting their predicted role as oncogenic mechanisms. Strikingly, a substantial fraction of GRNs were overexpressed in Triple Negative Breast Cancer patients who acquired resistance to therapy, suggesting the involvement of these networks in mechanisms of chemoresistance. In conclusion, our approach allowed us to identify cancer molecular mechanisms frequently altered in breast cancer and in chemorefractory tumors, which may suggest novel cancer biomarkers and potential drug targets for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies in metastatic breast cancer patients.
Ponderable aether
Creators: name: Speranza, Antony J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Lorentz-violating theory of gravity where the aether vector is taken to be nondynamical. This "ponderable aether theory" is almost the same as Einstein-aether theory (where the aether vector is dynamical), but involves additional integration constants arising due to the loss of initial value constraints. One of these produces an effective energy density for the aether fluid, similar to the appearance of dark matter in projectable Hořava gravity and the mimetic dark matter theory. Here we investigate the extent to which this energy density can reproduce the phenomenology of dark matter. Although it is indistinguishable from cold dark matter in homogeneous, isotropic cosmology, it encounters phenomenological problems in both spherically symmetric configurations and cosmological perturbations. Furthermore, inflationary considerations lead us to expect a tiny value for the ponderable aether energy density today unless a sourcing effect is added to the theory. The theory then effectively reduces to dynamical Einstein-aether theory, rendering moot the question of whether an aether must be dynamical in order to be consistent.
description: 22 pages (excluding references). Comments welcome
Viscosity of Ring Polymer Melts
Creators: name: Pyckhout-Hintzen, Wim
name: Rogers, Simon
name: Pasquino, Rossana
name: Rubinstein, Michael
name: Allgaier, Jürgen
name: Takano, Atsushi
name: Vlassopoulos, Dimitris
name: Hadjichristidis, Nikos
name: Lee, Hyojoon
name: Brás, Ana R.
name: Jeong, Youn Cheol
name: Sakellariou, George
name: Wischnewski, Andreas
name: Vasilakopoulos, Thodoris C.
name: Gooßen, Sebastian
name: Richter, Dieter
name: Chang, Taihyun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We have measured the linear rheology of critically purified ring polyisoprenes, polystyrenes and polyethyleneoxides of different molar masses. The ratio of the zero-shear viscosities of linear polymer melts η0,linear to their ring counterparts η0,ring at isofrictional conditions is discussed as function of the number of entanglements Z. In the unentangled regime η0,linear/η0,ring is virtually constant, consistent with the earlier data, atomistic simulations, and the theoretical expectation η0,linear/η0,ring=2. In the entanglement regime, the Z-dependence of rings viscosity is much weaker than that of linear polymers, in qualitative agreement with predictions from scaling theory and simulations. The power-law extracted from the available experimental data in the rather limited range 1<Z<20, η0,linear/η0,ring~ Z1.2±0.3, is weaker than the scaling prediction (η0,linear/η0,ring~ Z1.6±0.3) and the simulations (η0,linear/η0,ring~ Z2.0±0.3). Nevertheless, the present collection of state-of-the- art experimental data unambiguously demonstrates that rings exhibit a universal trend clearly departing from that of their linear counterparts, and hence it represents a major step toward resolving a 30-year old problem.
(101225) Charles Horwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Cystic mediastinal masses: A diagnostic approach
Creators: name: Quispe Mauricio, Angel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Congenital
subject: Perception image
subject: Localisation
subject: eLearning
subject: MR
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Thorax
subject: Mediastinum

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the radiological characteristics and features of benignity of mediastinal cystic masses. Illustrate the typical locations in the different mediastinal...
Conformations of a Long Polymer in a Melt of Shorter Chains: Generalizations of the Flory Theorem
Creators: name: Lang, Michael
name: Rubinstein, Michael
name: Sommer, Jens Uwe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Large-scale simulations of the swelling of a long N-mer in a melt of chemically identical P-mers are used to investigate a discrepancy between theory and experiments. Classical theory predicts an increase of probe chain size R ∼ P–0.18 with decreasing degree of polymerization P of melt chains in the range of 1 < P < N1/2. However, both experiment and simulation data are more consistent with an apparently slower swelling R ∼ P–0.1 over a wider range of melt degrees of polymerization. This anomaly is explained by taking into account the recently discovered long-range bond correlations in polymer melts and corrections to excluded volume. We generalize the Flory theorem and demonstrate that it is in excellent agreement with experiments and simulations.
(101222) Daniel Horwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
N -Alkyl-octahydroisoquinolin-1-one-8-carboxamides: Selective and Nonbasic κ-Opioid Receptor Ligands
Creators: name: Tran, Thuy B.
name: Setola, Vincent
name: Ghosh, Partha
name: Aubé, Jeffrey
name: Frankowski, Kevin J.
name: Roth, Bryan L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Herein, we report that N-alkyl-octahydroisoquinolin-1-one-8-carboxamides are a novel class of readily synthesized, selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) ligands. A striking feature of this class of compounds is the absence of any basic nitrogen atoms. Many of these compounds have demonstrated exclusive affinity for the KOR over not only the δ-opioid receptor and the μ-opioid receptor but also 38 other G protein-coupled receptor targets. The general binding affinity of this class of compounds for the KOR combined with a streamlined route for analogue synthesis provide strong motivation for pursuing this interesting new scaffold as a basis toward new probes targeting the KOR.
title: Peer Review Employing Actionable Structured Reporting
Creators: name: Vining, David
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer applications
subject: Professional issues
subject: Management
subject: RIS
subject: PACS
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Observer performance
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Understand how peer review can be improved with a dynamic reporting process that enables the performance of immediate corrective...
Vaccine escape in 2013-4 and the hydropathic evolution of glycoproteins of A/H3N2 viruses
Creators: name: Phillips, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: More virulent strains of influenza virus subtypes H1N1 appeared widely in 2007 and H3N2 in 2011, and especially 2013-4, when the effectiveness of the H3N2 vaccine decreased nearly to zero. The amino acid differences of neuraminidase from prior less virulent strains appear to be small (<1%) when tabulated through sequence alignments and counting site identities and similarities. Here we show how analyzing fractal hydropathic forces responsible for neuraminidase globular compaction and modularity quantifies the mutational origins of increased virulence. It also predicts vaccine escape and specifies optimized targets for the 2015 H3N2 vaccine different from the WHO target. Unlike some earlier methods based on measuring hemagglutinin antigenic drift and ferret sera, which take several years, cover only a few candidate strains, and are ambiguous, the new methods are timely and can be completed, using NCBI and GISAID amino acid sequences only, in a few days.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS UNDERLYING PROTEIN MISFOLDING AND AGGREGATION
Creators: name: BROGGINI, LUCA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2021

description: Proteins have evolved to adopt distinctive and well-defined functional states under physiological conditions, either as monomers or complexes. The achievement of a three-dimensional structure allows proteins to exert their physiological functions. Nevertheless, when proteins lose ? or fail to acquire ? their spatial organization, they can convert into aggregated species that can be harmful to the organism. Conformational diseases gather all those pathologies characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of proteins. Indeed, while the formation and deposition of proteinaceous aggregates can be toxic to cells, the lack of active folded protein disrupts normal physiological pathways. Although considerable progresses have been made in the recent years, to date conformational diseases are still incurable. Indeed, the incomplete understanding of the causes guiding protein misfolding and aggregation prevents the development of efficient treatments. At the same time, the complexity and the diversity of the processes leading to the formation of aggregated species make the task extremely challenging. This PhD project was developed to provide a more comprehensive overview of the molecular bases underlying the conversion of soluble and functional states into aggregated and potentially toxic species. To reach such aims, we applied an integrative approach on two model systems, neuroserpin (NS) and beta-2 microglobulin (?2m). In particular, we combined a series of biophysical, biochemical and structural techniques to study these two proteins which have been largely used as model systems for serpin polymerization and amyloid formation, respectively. We found that protein misfolding and aggregation processes depend on several molecular properties, including primary sequence, denatured state compactness, thermal stability, ability to form oligomers under physiological conditions, and the presence of post-translation modifications. The data presented in this PhD thesis add valuable information to depict the complex framework of protein misfolding and aggregation.
(101223) Harriet Horwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.