cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Single-photon interference due to motion in an atomic collective excitation
Creators: name: Whiting, Daniel J.
name: Sibalic, Nikola
name: Keaveney, James
name: Adams, Charles S.
name: Hughes, Ifan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate the generation of heralded bi-chromatic single photons from an atomic collective spin excitation (CSE). The photon arrival times display collective quantum beats, a novel interference effect resulting from the relative motion of atoms in the CSE. A combination of velocity-selective excitation with strong laser dressing and the addition of a magnetic field allows for exquisite control of this collective beat phenomenon. The present experiment uses a diamond scheme with near-IR photons that can be extended to include telecommunications-wavelengths or modified to allow storage and retrieval in an inverted-Y scheme.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
On aperiodicity and hypercyclic weighted translation operators
Creators: name: Chen, Kui-Yo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give several equivalent characterization of aperiodicity of an element on locally compact group $G$, and give an intuition for "How strong does the aperiodicity of an element affect the existence of hypercyclic weighted translation operators?". In fact, if $a$ is an aperiodic element in $G$, then there exists a mixing, chaotic and frequently hypercyclic weighted translation $T_{a,w}$ on $L^p(G)$.
description: 17 pages, no figures
Implications of hydrodynamical simulations for the interpretation of direct dark matter searches
Creators: name: Bozorgnia, Nassim
name: Bertone, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, realistic hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies like the Milky Way have become available, enabling a reliable estimate of the dark matter density and velocity distribution in the Solar neighborhood. We review here the status of hydrodynamical simulations and their implications for the interpretation of direct dark matter searches. We focus in particular on: the criteria to identify Milky Way-like galaxies; the impact of baryonic physics on the dark matter velocity distribution; the possible presence of substructures like clumps, streams, or dark disks; and on the implications for the direct detection of dark matter with standard and non-standard interactions.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables; v2: added Sec. 6.2 and Fig. 3, version accepted for publication in IJMPA
Stage 2 metabolomics.JACCAdv.2023.pdf
Creators: name: S Frank, Benjamin
name: Davidson, Jesse
name: DiMaria, Michael
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Infant and child health

description: This manuscript describes the results of targeted metabolomic profiling of SVHD patients before and after Stage 2 palliation compared to healthy controls. We reported significant metabolomic differences between SVHD patients and healthy children, as well a large metabolomic shift between pre-operation and post-operation samples in the SVHD group. We also found an association between several individual metabolites and adverse post-operative outcomes.
Statistical sensitivity on right-handed currents in presence of eV scale sterile neutrinos with KATRIN
Creators: name: Steinbrink, Nicholas M. N.
name: Glück, Ferenc
name: Heizmann, Florian
name: Kleesiek, Marco
name: Valerius, Kathrin
name: Weinheimer, Christian
name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the absolute neutrino mass by measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $β$ spectrum. As a large-scale experiment with a sharp energy resolution, high source luminosity and low background it may also be capable of testing certain theories of neutrino interactions beyond the standard model (SM). An example of a non-SM interaction are right-handed currents mediated by right-handed W bosons in the left-right symmetric model (LRSM). In this extension of the SM, an additional SU(2)$_\mathrm R$ symmetry in the high-energy limit is introduced, which naturally includes sterile neutrinos and predicts the seesaw mechanism. In tritium $β$ decay, this leads to an additional term from interference between left- and right-handed interactions, which enhances or suppresses certain regions near the endpoint of the beta spectrum. In this work, the sensitivity of KATRIN to right-handed currents is estimated for the scenario of a light sterile neutrino with a mass of some eV. This has been performed with a Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The simulations show that in principle KATRIN is able to set sterile neutrino mass-dependent limits on the interference strength. Thereby, the sensitivity is significantly increased if the $Q$ value of the $β$ decay can be sufficiently constrained. However, the sensitivity is not high enough to improve current upper limits from right-handed W boson searches at the LHC.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, minor revision
Large gauge transformation and little group for soft photons
Creators: name: Hamada, Yuta
name: Seo, Min-Seok
name: Shiu, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, large gauge transformation (LGT), the residual gauge symmetry after gauge fixing that survives at null infinity, has drawn much attention concerning soft theorems and the memory effect. We point out that LGT charges in quantum electrodynamics are in fact one of non-compact generators of the two dimensional Euclidean group. Moreover, by comparing two equivalent descriptions of gauge transformation, we suggest that LGT is simply another way of describing the gauged little group for massless soft photons.
description: 5 pages, no figure, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
title: Nucleosynthetic Zn isotope anomalies reveal the heritage of Earth’s volatiles
Creators: name: Burkhardt, Christoph
name: Steller, Theodor
name: Yang, Chun
name: Kleine, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Determining the provenance of volatile elements in Earth is key for understanding the processes that led to its habitability. Based on volatile element abundances and H and N isotope data it has been argued that Earth’s volatile element inventory largely stems from the addition of volatile-rich outer solar system (CC) material to a volatile-poor protoEarth made of inner solar system (NC) material [1-2]. However, recent work has shown that an inner or outer solar system origin of Earth's volatiles cannot be distinguished by these approaches [3]. Nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies might offer a direct way of identifying the origin of the volatile materials accreted by Earth [4], however, until now, no such anomalies have been identified for volatile elements. Here, we report the detection of isotope anomalies for the moderately volatile element Zn. Using a comprehensive set of meteorites we show that Zn exhibits the same fundamental isotopic dichotomy between NC and CC materials as non-volatile elements. Terrestrial Zn has an isotopic composition between NC and CC bodies, demonstrating that Earth accreted Zn from both, the inner and outer Solar System. Extending this finding to other volatile elements, and combing the Zn data with anomalies in non-volatile elements yields a coherent picture of the fraction and nature of CC materials in Earth, and thus their relevance for its habitability.

[1] Braukmüller et al., 2019 Nat. Geosci. 12 [2] Marty, 2012 EPSL 313–314 [3] Piani et al., 2020 Science 369 [4] Burkhardt et al., 2021 Sci. Adv. 7
Stationary solutions of discrete and continuous Petri nets with priorities
Creators: name: Allamigeon, Xavier
name: Boeuf, Vianney
name: Gaubert, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a continuous dynamics for a class of Petri nets which allows the routing at non-free choice places to be determined by priorities rules. We show that this dynamics can be written in terms of policies which identify the bottleneck places. We characterize the stationary solutions, and show that they coincide with the stationary solutions of the discrete dynamics of this class of Petri nets. We provide numerical experiments on a case study of an emergency call center, indicating that pathologies of discrete models (oscillations around a limit different from the stationary limit) vanish by passing to continuous Petri nets.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures + 1 table. An abridged version can be found in the proceedings of the conference VALUETOOLS 2016
Feasibility of the optical fiber clock
Creators: name: Ilinova, Ekaterina
name: Babb, James F.
name: Derevianko, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the feasibility of a compact high-precision Hg atomic clock based on a hollow core optical fiber. We evaluate the sensitivity of the $^1S_0$-$^3P_0$ clock transition in Hg and other divalent atoms to the fiber inner core surface at non-zero temperatures. The Casimir-Polder interaction induced $^1S_0$-$^3P_0$ transition frequency shift is calculated for the atom inside the hollow capillary as a function of atomic position, capillary material, and geometric parameters. For $^{199}\mathrm{Hg}$ atoms on the axis of a silica capillary with inner radius $\geq 15 \,μ\mathrm{m}$ and optimally chosen thickness $d\sim 1 \,μ\mathrm{m}$, the atom-surface interaction induced $^1S_0$-$^3P_0$ clock transition frequency shift can be kept on the level $δν/ν_{\mathrm{Hg}} \sim10^{-19}$. We also estimate the atom loss and heating due to the collisions with the buffer gas, lattice intensity noise induced heating, spontaneous photon scattering, and residual birefringence induced frequency shifts.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted
Uncovering Offshore Financial Centers: Conduits and Sinks in the Global Corporate Ownership Network
Creators: name: Garcia-Bernardo, Javier
name: Fichtner, Jan
name: Heemskerk, Eelke M.
name: Takes, Frank W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Multinational corporations use highly complex structures of parents and subsidiaries to organize their operations and ownership. Offshore Financial Centers (OFCs) facilitate these structures through low taxation and lenient regulation, but are increasingly under scrutiny, for instance for enabling tax avoidance. Therefore, the identification of OFC jurisdictions has become a politicized and contested issue. We introduce a novel data-driven approach for identifying OFCs based on the global corporate ownership network, in which over 98 million firms (nodes) are connected through 71 million ownership relations. This granular firm-level network data uniquely allows identifying both sink-OFCs and conduit-OFCs. Sink-OFCs attract and retain foreign capital while conduit-OFCs are attractive intermediate destinations in the routing of international investments and enable the transfer of capital without taxation. We identify 24 sink-OFCs. In addition, a small set of five countries -- the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Singapore and Switzerland -- canalize the majority of corporate offshore investment as conduit-OFCs. Each conduit jurisdiction is specialized in a geographical area and there is significant specialization based on industrial sectors. Against the idea of OFCs as exotic small islands that cannot be regulated, we show that many sink and conduit-OFCs are highly developed countries.
Dipole-dipole dispersion interactions between neutrons
Creators: name: Babb, James F.
name: Higa, Renato
name: Hussein, Mahir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the long-range interactions between two neutrons utilizing recent data on the neutron static and dynamic electric and magnetic dipole polarizabilities. The resulting long-range potentials are used to make quantitative comparisons between the collisions of a neutron with a neutron and a neutron with a proton. We also assess the importance of the first pion production threshold and first excited state of the nucleon, the $Δ$-resonance ($J^π$ = + 3/2, I = 3/2). We found both dynamical effects to be quite relevant for distances r between ~ 50 fm up to ~$10^3$ fm in the nn system, the neutron-wall system and in the wall-neutron-wall system, reaching the expected asymptotic limit beyond that. Relevance of our findings to the confinement of ultra cold neutrons inside bottles is discussed.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, Version to be published in the European Physical Journal A (2017)
MUSIC AND SEXUAL IDENTITY: CHANGE IN MUSIC AFTER SELF-DISCLOSING SEXUAL IDENTITY
Creators: name: Tang, Ning
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Can music reflect the changing nature of sexual identity? How does the change in the sexual identity of LGBTQ+ representation be performed through music? To address these ques- tions, this thesis explores the changing performance of sexual identity through music lyrics. An extensive examination of LGBTQ+ representation in the music industry was conducted by compiling data from Spotify playlists. The sexual identities and self-disclosing dates of 54 selected artists were identified through manual coding, based on cross-checked news sources. Subsequently, the lyrics of all tracks by these artists were scraped from Genius. The collected data underwent various experiments including sentiment analysis, topic modeling, cluster- ing, and text classification techniques to observe changes in sentiment and topics expressed in the lyrics following the artists’ public disclosure of their sexual identities. Results show that: (1) the sentiment polarity could change in different directions depending on the specific characteristics of the artists; (2) artists express more confidence, more positive attitude, and stronger love after publicly disclosing their sexual identities. These findings provide empiri- cal evidence for the relationship between music and sexual identity and the impact of sexual identity on music expression, which addresses a gap in the existing literature by emphasiz- ing the connection between music and sexual identity. Furthermore, this study proves that music could not only reflect sexual identity but also reflect the dynamic change of sexual identity, which provides guidance for future studies in music and sexual identity. The use of computational methods could also provide some insights for future semantic analysis on a large corpus of lyrics.
Expansion of Einstein-Yang-Mills Amplitude
Creators: name: Fu, Chih-Hao
name: Du, Yi-Jian
name: Huang, Rijun
name: Feng, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we provide a thorough study on the expansion of single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes into linear combination of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes, from various different perspectives. Using the gauge invariance principle, we propose a recursive construction, where EYM amplitude with any number of gravitons could be expanded into EYM amplitudes with less number of gravitons. Through this construction, we can write down the complete expansion of EYM amplitude in the basis of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes. As a byproduct, we are able to write down the polynomial form of BCJ numerator, i.e., numerators satisfying the color-kinematic duality, for Yang-Mills amplitude. After the discussion of gauge invariance, we move to the BCFW on-shell recursion relation and discuss how the expansion can be understood from the on-shell picture. Finally, we show how to interpret the expansion from the aspect of KLT relation and the way of evaluating the expansion coefficients efficiently.
description: 50 pages, 1 figure, Revised version
A new air-shower observable to constrain hadronic interaction models
Creators: name: Prado, Raul R.
name: de Souza, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy spectrum of muons at ground level in air showers are studied and a new observable is proposed to constrain hadronic interaction models used in air shower simulations. An asymmetric Gaussian function is proposed to describe the muon ground energy spectrum and its parameters are studied regarding primary particle, energy and hadronic interaction models. Based on two realistic measurements of the muon density at a given distance from the shower axis, a new observable (\rmu) is defined. Considering realistic values of detector resolutions and number of measured events, it is also shown \rmu can be successfully used to constrain low and high hadronic interaction models. The study is focused in the energy range between $10^{17.5}$ and $10^{18.0}$ eV because of the importance of this interval for particle physics and astrophysical models. The constraining power of the new observable is shown to be large within current experimental capabilities.
Giant Primeval Magnetic Dipoles
Creators: name: Thompson, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macroscopic magnetic dipoles are considered as cosmic dark matter. Permanent magnetism in relativistic field structures can involve some form of superconductivity, one example being current-carrying string loops (`springs') with vanishing net tension. We derive the cross section for free classical dipoles to collide, finding it depends weakly on orientation when mutual precession is rapid. The collision rate of `spring' loops with tension ${\cal T} \sim 10^{-8}c^4/G$ in galactic halos approaches the measured rate of fast radio bursts (FRBs) if the loops comprise most of the dark matter. A large superconducting dipole (LSD) with mass $\sim 10^{20}$ g and size $\sim 1$ mm will form a $\sim 100$ km magnetosphere moving through interstellar plasma. Although hydromagnetic drag is generally weak, it is strong enough to capture some LSDs into long-lived rings orbiting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that form by the direct collapse of massive gas clouds. Repeated collisions near young SMBHs could dominate the global collision rate, thereby broadening the dipole mass spectrum. Colliding LSDs produce tiny, hot electromagnetic explosions. The accompanying paper shows that these explosions couple effectively to propagating low-frequency electromagnetic modes, with output peaking at 0.01-1 THz. We describe several constraints on, and predictions of, LSDs as cosmic dark matter. The shock formed by an infalling LSD triggers self-sustained thermonuclear burning in a C/O (ONeMg) white dwarf (WD) of mass $\gtrsim 1\,M_\odot$ ($1.3\,M_\odot$). The spark is generally located well off the center of the WD. The rate of LSD-induced explosions matches the observed rate of Type Ia supernovae.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, Astrophysical Journal in press
A numerical approach to determine mutant invasion fitness and evolutionary singular strategies
Creators: name: Fritsch, Coralie
name: Campillo, Fabien
name: Ovaskainen, Otso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a numerical approach to study the invasion fitness of a mutant and to determine evolutionary singular strategies in evolutionary structured models in which the competitive exclusion principle holds. Our approach is based on a dual representation, which consists of the modelling of the small size mutant population by a stochastic model and the computation of its corresponding deterministic model. The use of the deterministic model greatly facilitates the numerical determination of the feasibility of invasion as well as the convergence-stability of the evolutionary singular strategy. Our approach combines standard adaptive dynamics with the link between the mutant survival criterion in the stochastic model and the sign of the eigenvalue in the corresponding deterministic model. We present our method in the context of a mass-structured individual-based chemostat model. We exploit a previously derived mathematical relationship between stochastic and deterministic representations of the mutant population in the chemostat model to derive a general numerical method for analyzing the invasion fitness in the stochastic models. Our method can be applied to the broad class of evolutionary models for which a link between the stochastic and deterministic invasion fitnesses can be established.
Unconventional magnetic phase separation in $γ$-CoV$_2$O$_6$
Creators: name: Shen, L.
name: Laver, M.
name: Forgan, E. M.
name: Jellyman, E.
name: Canévet, E.
name: Schefer, J.
name: He, Z.
name: Itoh, M.
name: Blackburn, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have explored the magnetism in the non-geometrically frustrated spin-chain system $γ$-CoV$_{2}$O$_{6}$ which possesses a complex magnetic exchange network. Our neutron diffraction patterns at low temperatures ($T$ $\leqslant$ $T_{\mathrm{N}}$ = 6.6 K) are best described by a model in which two magnetic phases coexist in a volume ratio 65(1) : 35(1), with each phase consisting of a single spin modulation. This model fits previous studies and our observations better than the model proposed by Lenertz $et$ $al$ in J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 13981 (2014), which consisted of one phase with two spin modulations. By decreasing the temperature from $T_{\mathrm{N}}$, the minority phase of our model undergoes an incommensurate-commensurate lock-in transition at $T^{*}$ = 5.6 K. Based on these results, we propose that phase separation is an alternative approach for degeneracy-lifting in frustrated magnets.
Mixed insulating and conducting thermal boundary conditions in Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Creators: name: Bakhuis, Dennis
name: Ostilla-Mónico, Rodolfo
name: van der Poel, Erwin P.
name: Verzicco, Roberto
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh-Bénard convection, the flow in a fluid layer heated from below and cooled from above, were conducted to investigate the effect of mixed insulating and conducting boundary conditions on convective flows. Rayleigh numbers between $\text{Ra}=10^7$ and $\text{Ra}=10^9$ were considered, for Prandtl numbers $\text{Pr}=1$ and $\text{Pr}=10$. The bottom plate was divided into patterns of conducting and insulating stripes. The size ratio between these stripes was fixed to unity and the total number of stripes was varied. Global quantities such as the heat transport and average bulk temperature and local quantities such as the temperature just below the insulating boundary wall were investigated. For the case with the top boundary divided into two halves, one conducting and one insulating, the heat transfer was found to be approximately two thirds of the fully conducting case. Increasing the pattern frequency increased the heat transfer which asymptotically approached the fully conducting case, even if only half of the surface is conducting. Fourier analysis of the temperature field revealed that the imprinted pattern of the plates is diffused in the thermal boundary layers, and cannot be detected in the bulk. With conducting-insulating patterns on both plates, the trends previously described were similar, however, the half-and-half division led to a heat transfer of about a half of the fully conducting case instead of two-thirds. The effect of the ratio of conducting and insulating areas was also analyzed, and it was found that even for systems with a top plate with only $25\%$ conducting surface, heat-transport of $60\%$ of the fully conducting case can be seen. Changing the 1D stripe pattern to 2D checkerboard tessellations does not result in a significantly different response of the system.
description: Submitted to JFM
Dimensional reduction and its breakdown in the driven random field O(N) model
Creators: name: Haga, Taiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical behavior of the random field $O(N)$ model driven at a uniform velocity is investigated at zero-temperature. From naive phenomenological arguments, we introduce a dimensional reduction property, which relates the large-scale behavior of the $D$-dimensional driven random field $O(N)$ model to that of the $(D-1)$-dimensional pure $O(N)$ model. This is an analogue of the dimensional reduction property in equilibrium cases, which states that the large-scale behavior of $D$-dimensional random field models is identical to that of $(D-2)$-dimensional pure models. However, the dimensional reduction property breaks down in low enough dimensions due to the presence of multiple meta-stable states. By employing the non-perturbative renormalization group approach, we calculate the critical exponents of the driven random field $O(N)$ model near three-dimensions and determine the range of $N$ in which the dimensional reduction breaks down.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Aspects of Berry phase in QFT
Creators: name: Baggio, Marco
name: Niarchos, Vasilis
name: Papadodimas, Kyriakos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When continuous parameters in a QFT are varied adiabatically, quantum states typically undergo mixing---a phenomenon characterized by the Berry phase. We initiate a systematic analysis of the Berry phase in QFT using standard quantum mechanics methods. We show that a non-trivial Berry phase appears in many familiar QFTs. We study a variety of examples including free electromagnetism with a theta angle, and certain supersymmetric QFTs in two and four spacetime dimensions. We also argue that a large class of QFTs with rich Berry properties is provided by CFTs with non-trivial conformal manifolds. Using the operator-state correspondence we demonstrate in this case that the Berry connection is equivalent to the connection on the conformal manifold derived previously in conformal perturbation theory. In the special case of chiral primary states in 2d N=(2,2) and 4d N=2 SCFTs the Berry phase is governed by the tt* equations. We present a technically useful rederivation of these equations using quantum mechanics methods.
description: 50 pages; v2 typos corrected, published version
Quantum kinetic theory of a massless scalar model in the presence of a Schwarzschild black hole
Creators: name: Emelyanov, Slava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ quantum kinetic theory to investigate local quantum physics in the background of spherically symmetric and neutral black holes formed through the gravitational collapse. For this purpose in mind, we derive and study the covariant Wigner distribution function $\mathcal{W}(x,p)$ near to and far away from the black-hole horizon. We find that the local density of the particle number is negative in the near-horizon region, while the entropy density is imaginary. These pose a question whether kinetic theory is applicable in the near-horizon region. We elaborate on that and propose a possible interpretation of how this result might nevertheless be self-consistently understood.
description: version to be published in Annalen der Physik
20CDA35310498 Stage 2 ET1.JAHA.2022.pdf
Creators: name: Frank, Benjamin
name: Davidson, Jesse
name: DiMaria, Michael
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Infant and child health

description: In this paper we demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET1) is regulated in important ways in infants with SVHD compared to healthy controls. We also showed an association between failure to suppress ET1 level before and after Stage 2 palliation and multiple adverse clinical outcomes related to pulmonary hypertension including low oxygen saturations, need for targeted PH medication, and need for invasive cardiac catheterization within 3 months of surgery. This association remained significant in multivariable analysis controlling for several clinical variables.
Physical insight into the thermodynamic uncertainty relation using Brownian motion in tilted periodic potentials
Creators: name: Hyeon, Changbong
name: Hwang, Wonseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Brownian motion in periodic potentials $V(x)$ tilted by a force $f$, we provide physical insight into the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, a recently conjectured principle for statistical errors and irreversible heat dissipation in nonequilibrium steady states. According to the relation, nonequilibrium output generated from dissipative processes necessarily incurs an energetic cost or heat dissipation $q$, and in order to limit the output fluctuation within a relative uncertainty $ε$, at least $2k_BT/ε^2$ of heat must be dissipated. Our model shows that this bound is attained not only at near-equilibrium ($f\ll V'(x)$) but also at far-from-equilibrium $(f\gg V'(x))$, more generally when the dissipated heat is normally distributed. Furthermore, the energetic cost is maximized near the critical force when the barrier separating the potential wells is about to vanish and the fluctuation of Brownian particle is maximized. These findings indicate that the deviation of heat distribution from Gaussianity gives rise to the inequality of the uncertainty relation, further clarifying the meaning of the uncertainty relation. Our derivation of the uncertainty relation also recognizes a new bound of nonequilibrium fluctuations that the variance of dissipated heat ($σ_q^2$) increases with its mean ($μ_q$) and cannot be smaller than $2k_BTμ_q$.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, paper revised including changes in title, abstract
Studies of New Physics in $B^0_q-\bar{B}^0_q$ Mixing and Implications for Leptonic Decays
Creators: name: De Bruyn, Kristof
name: Fleischer, Robert
name: Malami, Eleftheria
name: Vliet, Philine Julia van
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: new physics
flavor: violation
neutral current: flavor changing
CKM matrix: unitarity
B0: rare decay
B0: leptonic decay
B0 anti-B0: mixing
B/s0: rare decay
B/s0: leptonic decay
B/s0 anti-B/s0: mixing
B0 --> muon+ muon-
B/s0 --> muon+ muon-

description: The phenomenon of $B^0_q$-$\bar{B}^0_q$ mixing ($q=d,s$) provides a sensitive probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. We have a careful look at the determination of the Unitarity Triangle apex, which is needed for the Standard Model predictions of the $B_q$ mixing parameters, and explore how much space for New Physics is left through the current data. We study the impact of tensions between inclusive and exclusive determinations of the CKM matrix elements $|V_{ub}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$, and focus on the $\gamma$ angle extraction. We present various future scenarios and discuss the application of these results for leptonic rare $B$ decays, which allows us to minimise the CKM parameter impact in the New Physics searches. Performing future projections, we explore and illustrate the impact of increased precision on key input quantities. It will be exciting to see how more precise data in the future high-precision era of flavour physics can lead to a much sharper picture.
title: Geschichte der Zukunft
Creators: name: Seefried, Elke
Publisher: name: ZZF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung: Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte
Year: 2023

description: Wie ändert sich unser Blick auf das 20. und 21. Jahrhundert, wenn wir sie durch die „Brille“ der Zukunft betrachten? Welchen Mehrwert an Erkenntnis liefert eine Geschichte der Zukunft? Der Beitrag skizziert die Forschungsgeschichte und Analysekategorien sowie die methodischen Ansätze und Erkenntnispotenziale einer Erschließung des vergangenen Künftigen. Der Fokus liegt auf der deutschen, europäischen und amerikanischen Zeitgeschichte im globalen Rahmen.
Barjols, vue panoramique du bourg à l'arrivée par la route de St-Maximin
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Legal regulation of domain name protection
Creators: name: Eshchanova Dauletbike Ametbekovna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Annotation

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of the protection of domain names from cybersquatting in Uzbekistan. The current regulations, as well as judicial practice in cases of cybersquatting, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the effectiveness of existing legal protection mechanisms and proposals for their improvement.

Key words: cyber, cybersquatting, Internet, domain names, protection, cybersecurity.
Coexistence, enhancements and short loops in random walk loop soups
Creators: name: Forien, Nicolas
name: Quattropani, Matteo
name: Quitmann, Alexandra
name: Taggi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: random loop models
subject: phase transitions
subject: coexistence
subject: Spin O(N) model
subject: statistical mechanics
subject: 82B27
subject: 60K35
subject: 82B20

description: We consider a general random walk loop soup which includes, or is related to, several models of interest, such as the Spin O(N) model, the double dimer model and the Bose gas. The analysis of this model is challenging because of the presence of spatial interactions between the loops. For this model it is known from [30] that macroscopic loops occur in dimension three and higher when the inverse temperature is large enough. Our first result is that, on the d dimensional lattice, the presence of repulsive interactions is responsible for a shift of the critical inverse temperature, which is textitstrictly greater than 1/2d, the critical value in the non interacting case. Our second result is that a positive density of microscopic loops exists for all values of the inverse temperature. This implies that, in the regime in which macroscopic loops are present, microscopic and macroscopic loops textitcoexist. Moreover, we show that, even though the increase of the inverse temperature leads to an increase of the total loop length, the density of microscopic loops textitis uniformly bounded from above in the inverse temperature. Our last result is confined to the special case in which the random walk loop soup is the one associated to the Spin O(N) model with arbitrary integer values of N ≥2 and states that, on ℤ 2, the probability that two vertices are connected by a loop textitdecays at least polynomially fast with their distance.
On the Gauge Invariance of the Decay Rate of False Vacuum
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Nojiri, Mihoko M.
name: Shoji, Yutaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gauge invariance of the decay rate of the false vacuum for the model in which the scalar field responsible for the false vacuum decay has gauge quantum number. In order to calculate the decay rate, one should integrate out the field fluctuations around the classical path connecting the false and true vacua (i.e., so-called bounce). Concentrating on the case where the gauge symmetry is broken in the false vacuum, we show a systematic way to perform such an integration and present a manifestly gauge-invariant formula of the decay rate of the false vacuum.
description: 17 pages, published version
title: Geochemical Reconstruction of the Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Paleoweathering of Lower Paleozoic Black Shales from Northern Europe
Creators: name: Ofili, Sylvester
name: Soesoo, Alvar
name: Panova, Elena
name: Hints, Rutt
name: Hade, Sigrid
name: Ainsaar, Leho
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Lower Paleozoic black shales from Estonia, Sweden, and Russia were analyzed for major and trace elements to reconstruct the provenance, tectonic setting, and paleoweathering conditions of these shales. The black shale is highly enriched in U, V, Mo, and Pb (except in samples from Sweden where Pb is slightly enriched), slightly enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, and TiO2 and highly depleted in CaO, Na2O, and MnO, with respect to average shales. The provenance signatures (Th/Sc versus Zr/Sc, Al2O3 versus TiO2, Zr versus TiO2 plots, and Zr/Sc ratio) of the Baltoscandian black shales suggest that they were derived from rocks of intermediate to felsic composition and from recycled sediments. The likely provenance region was the Paleoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic basement of southern central and southern Finland, which consists predominantly of felsic to intermediate metamorphic (acidic to intermediate gneisses, felsic volcanics, microcline granites and migmatites) and igneous rocks (small granitic intrusions and large rapakivi granite intrusions), and reworked older Ediacaran and Lower Cambrian sediments; however, the proportion of clastic input from these sources is not uniform in the three regions studied. The discrimination of the tectonic settings of source materials of the black shale using the SiO2 versus K2O/Na2O plot and a new discriminant method (APMdisc) favors a passive margin setting. The Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) indicates that the clastic material in the black shale of the studied regions has experienced an intense degree of chemical weathering. Weathering indices show that the black shale has experienced significant secondary potassium enrichment.
Calibrated Entanglement Entropy
Creators: name: Bakhmatov, I.
name: Deger, N. S.
name: Gutowski, J.
name: Colgáin, E. Ó
name: Yavartanoo, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ryu-Takayanagi prescription reduces the problem of calculating entanglement entropy in CFTs to the determination of minimal surfaces in a dual anti-de Sitter geometry. For 3D gravity theories and BTZ black holes, we identify the minimal surfaces as special Lagrangian cycles calibrated by the real part of the holomorphic one-form of a spacelike hypersurface. We show that (generalised) calibrations provide a unified way to determine holographic entanglement entropy from minimal surfaces, which is applicable to warped AdS$_3$ geometries. We briefly discuss generalisations to higher dimensions.
description: v1 22 pages, 1 figure; v2 appendix improved and moved into the body to show the application of calibrations to find minimal surfaces in warped AdS, matches published version
Not so lumpy after all: modeling the depletion of dark matter subhalos by Milky Way-like galaxies
Creators: name: Garrison-Kimmel, Shea
name: Wetzel, Andrew R.
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre
name: Keres, Dusan
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Sanderson, Robyn E.
name: Graus, Andrew S.
name: Kelley, Tyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the most important goals in cosmology is detecting and quantifying small ($M_{\rm halo}\simeq10^{6-9}~\mathrm{M}_\odot$) dark matter (DM) subhalos. Current probes around the Milky Way (MW) are most sensitive to such substructure within $\sim20$ kpc of the halo center, where the galaxy contributes significantly to the potential. We explore the effects of baryons on subhalo populations in $Λ$CDM using cosmological zoom-in baryonic simulations of MW-mass halos from the Latte simulation suite, part of the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. Specifically, we compare simulations of the same two halos run using (1) DM-only (DMO), (2) full baryonic physics, and (3) DM with an embedded disk potential grown to match the FIRE simulation. Relative to baryonic simulations, DMO simulations contain $\sim2\times$ as many subhalos within 100 kpc of the halo center; this excess is $\gtrsim5\times$ within 25 kpc. At $z=0$, the baryonic simulations are completely devoid of subhalos down to $3\times10^6~\mathrm{M}_\odot$ within $15$ kpc of the MW-mass galaxy, and fewer than 20 surviving subhalos have orbital pericenters <20 kpc. Despite the complexities of baryonic physics, the simple addition of an embedded central disk potential to DMO simulations reproduces this subhalo depletion, including trends with radius, remarkably well. Thus, the additional tidal field from the central galaxy is the primary cause of subhalo depletion. Subhalos on radial orbits that pass close to the central galaxy are preferentially destroyed, causing the surviving subhalo population to have tangentially biased orbits compared to DMO predictions. Our method of embedding a disk potential in DMO simulations provides a fast and accurate alternative to full baryonic simulations, thus enabling suites of cosmological simulations that can provide accurate and statistical predictions of substructure populations.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Accepted into MNRAS
Tensor perturbations during inflation in a spatially closed Universe
Creators: name: Bonga, Béatrice
name: Gupt, Brajesh
name: Yokomizo, Nelson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper [17], we studied the evolution of the background geometry and scalar perturbations in an inflationary, spatially closed Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model having constant positive spatial curvature and spatial topology $\mathbb S^3$. Due to the spatial curvature, the early phase of slow-roll inflation is modified, leading to suppression of power in the scalar power spectrum at large angular scales. In this paper, we extend the analysis to include tensor perturbations. We find that --- similarly to the scalar perturbations --- the tensor power spectrum also shows power suppression for long wavelength modes. The correction to the tensor spectrum is limited to the very long wavelength modes, therefore the resulting observable CMB B-mode polarization spectrum remains practically the same as in the standard scenario with flat spatial sections. However, since both the tensor and scalar power spectra are modified, there are scale dependent corrections to the tensor-to-scalar ratio that lead to violation of the standard slow-roll consistency relation.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures. Discussion of initial conditions for perturbations expanded and notation changed for easier comparison. Figures added. Matches published version
A connection between non-local one-body and local three-body correlations of the Lieb-Liniger model
Creators: name: Olshanii, Maxim
name: Dunjko, Vanja
name: Minguzzi, Anna
name: Lang, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a connection between the fourth coefficient of the short-distance Taylor expansion of the one-body correlation function, and the local three-body correlation function of the Lieb-Liniger model of $δ$-interacting spinless bosons in one dimension. This connection, valid at arbitrary interaction strength, involves the fourth moment of the density of quasi-momenta. Generalizing recent conjectures, we propose approximate analytical expressions for the fourth coefficient covering the whole range of repulsive interactions, validated by comparison with accurate numerics. In particular, we find that the fourth coefficient changes sign at interaction strength $γ_c\simeq 3.816$, while the first three coefficients of the Taylor expansion of the one-body correlation function retain the same sign throughout the whole range of interaction strengths.
title: Solid bitumen in shales from the Middle to Upper Jurassic Banik section of northernmost Iraq: Implication for reservoir characterization
Creators: name: Omar, Nagham
name: McCann, Tom
name: Al- Juboury, Ali I.
name: Suárez-Ruiz, Isabel
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Iraq is the sixth largest oil reserve in the world, with current proven reserves of 115 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and 110 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas. The study area is situated within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq which is estimated to contain about 39% of Iraq’s total barrels of oil reserves. Petrographic, organic, and inorganic geochemical analysis of the solid bitumen and host shales from the Middle and Late Jurassic-age Sargelu and Naokelekan Formations of the Banik section, northernmost Iraq, were undertaken with the aim of understanding their derivation and preservation, as well as examining the carbon and oxygen isotopes, and paleoredox proxies under which the solid bitumen and host sediments were deposited. Petrographic analysis of both formations revealed the presence of solid bitumen high reflectance (first phase) and solid bitumen low reflectance (second phase). The equivalent vitrinite reflectance indicates that the solid bitumen of the Sargelu and Naokelekan Formations probably accumulated within the shale reservoirs following oil migration from source rocks located within the same formations. Mineralogical study (XRD and SEM - EDX) revealed that the shales hosting the solid bitumen also contain clay minerals (illite, rectorite, chlorite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite) as well as carbonate minerals, quartz, alkali feldspar, and pyrite. Carbon and oxygen isotope data along with paleoredox indicators suggest that both the solid bitumen sources and host shales in the Sargelu and Naokelekan Formations formed within a shallow-marine setting, most probably under anoxic conditions where water circulation was restricted.