cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spin modulation and electrochemical behavior of a five-coordinate cobalt(III) salen complex
Creators: name: Buchwald, James R.
name: Subhadeep Kal
name: Civic, Marissa R.
name: Dejoode, Ian M.
name: Filatov, Alexander S.
name: Dinolfo, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: We report the synthesis of a Co(III) complex with the five-coordinate salen-type ligand (N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyliden)-1,7-diamino-4-methyl-4-azaheptane). This complex is stable in air with a trigonal bipyramidal geometry and we show spectroscopically and computationally that a high-spin triplet ground state is preferred. This spin state is readily modulated by introduction of an exogenous ligand (pyridine, acetonitrile) to yield a six-coordinate complex with low-spin ground state. The five-coordinate complex exhibits solvent- and ligand-dependent electrochemical behavior in solution for the CoII/III transition and undergoes a one-electron ligand oxidation to generate a phenoxyl radical species that is relatively stable in the absence of oxygen. We show that this phenoxyl radical species is a Class I mixed-valence compound that can undergo photoinduced inner-sphere charge transfer with the neighboring phenoxide. This process is mediated by the Co(III) center which acts as a bridge. Understanding this behavior will lead to a better understanding of a dicobalt bis-salen analogue previously reported by our group as a proton reduction catalyst.
Gravitational Field of an Oscillator in Time
Creators: name: Yau, Hou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: General Relativity

description: We study the spacetime geometry around an oscillator that has varying time rate relative to an inertial observer far away. By analyzing the Fourier decomposition of this oscillation, we find that there are radial oscillations at the immediate neighborhood of the proper time oscillator. These fictitious radial oscillations on an infinitesimally thin spherical shell are not physical vibrations of matter. They shall be considered as geometrical properties of spacetime that can affect the temporal and spatial measurements of an observer. As simple harmonic oscillators, the total energy of the system is conserved. Therefore, the system has a time translational symmetry as demanded by the Noether’s theorem. The components of the metric tensor on the time-like hypersurface derived from the fictitious radial oscillations are constant over time. They are equivalent to those on the surface of an infinitesimally thin shell with a constant mass. The external spacetime is static and satisfies the Schwarzschild solution for the gravitational field of a spherically symmetric mass. Analogous to introducing a fictitious force to describe gravity, we use the fictitious oscillations to explain the gravitational effects outside a thin shell. 
Synthesis and characterization of two Cu(II) complexes with a new pyrazole-based Schiff base ligand: Crystallography, DNA interaction and antimicrobial activity of Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes
Creators: name: Mandal, Susmita
name: Sadhukhan, Ratan
name: Ghosh, Utpal
name: Soumik Mandal
name: Manan Saha
name: Butcher, Ray J.
name: Nitis Chandra Saha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Reaction of Cu(II) nitrate with a new pyrazole-based Schiff base ligand, 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole-N-(2́-methylphenoxy)methyleneimine (MPzOA), afforded two types of Cu(II) complexes at different reaction temperature, [Cu(MPzOA)(NO3)]2 (1) and [Cu(3,7,11,15-tetramethylporphyrin)(H2O)](NO3)2 (2), reported together with a Ni(II) complex, [Ni(MPzOA)2(H2O)2]Br2 (3). The compounds are characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analyses along with several physico-chemical and spectral parameters. Complex 1 is authenticated as a bis(μ-pyrazolato)dicopper(II), while 2 is a porphyrinogen and 3 is a distorted octahedral complex. Structural analyses of the complexes reveal that 1 crystallized in monoclinic P21/n space group while 2 and 3 crystallized in monoclinic C2/c space group. DNA-binding studies of the complexes have shown that the complexes interact with CT-DNA. DNA cleavage studies with plasmid DNA have shown that 1 and 2 induce extensive DNA cleavage in the presence of H2O2 as an additive, whereas there is no change in degradation of super-coiled DNA by 3 in the presence of additive. The antimicrobial studies of the complexes against E. coli DH5α bacteria strain indicated that all the complexes were capable of killing E. coli with different LD50 values.
Picromerus bidens
Creators: name: Valcárcel, Javier Pérez
name: Piloña, Fernando Prieto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Picromerus
Picromerus bidens

description: Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Material estudiado
 Lugo: A Fervenza, 18-07-2007, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (JPV); Lugo, casco urbano , 13-10-2003, 1 ♀ (JPV); Pena do Pico, 1249 m , 21-09-2005, 1 ♀ (JPV); Segade , 1-10-1995, 1 ♀ (JPV)
  Elemento holártico (Péricart, 2010). Especie citada de forma aislada en la mayor parte del territorio peninsular (Medina, 1890; Oliveira, 1895; Codina, 1925; Seabra, 1926; Gómez Menor, 1956; Vázquez & París, 1986; Ribes et al., 2004; Valcárcel & Prieto, 2006). Las citas más próximas parecen ser las de Ávila (Vázquez & París, 1986), Braga (Oliveira, 1895) y Vila Real (Seabra, 1926).
 Cita nueva para Galicia.
description: Published as part of Valcárcel, Javier Pérez & Piloña, Fernando Prieto, 2014, Aportaciones al inventario de los Heteroptera (Hemiptera) de Galicia (N. O. Península Ibérica). III. Subfamilias Acanthosomatinae Signoret, 1864 (Acanthosomatidae) y Asopinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Pentatomidae)., pp. 43-50 in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 10 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12713851
What is the Future of E-commerce in 2024?
Creators: name: David, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the key aspects that will shape the future of online shopping, product trends, and online marketplaces, shedding light on the promising trajectory of the e-commerce industryand also custom printed bags wholesale getting.

E-commerce platforms are leveraging advanced technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to provide consumers with a more engaging
A Detailed Analysis of a Magnetic Island Observed by WISPR on Parker Solar Probe
Creators: name: Ascione, Madison L.
name: Gutarra-Leon, Angel J.
name: Shaik, Shaheda Begum
name: Linton, Mark
name: Battams, Karl
name: Liewer, Paulett C.
name: Gallagher, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the identification and physical analysis of a possible magnetic island feature seen in white-light images observed by the Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe (WISPR) on board the Parker Solar Probe (Parker). The island is imaged by WISPR during Parker's second solar encounter on 2019 April 06, when Parker was ~38 solar radii from the Sun center. We report that the average velocity and acceleration of the feature are approximately 334 km s and -0.64 m s-2. The kinematics of the island feature, coupled with its direction of propagation, indicate that the island is likely entrained in the slow solar wind. The island is elliptical in shape with a density deficit in its center, suggesting the presence of a magnetic guide field. We argue that this feature is consistent with the formation of this island via reconnection in the current sheet of the streamer. The feature's aspect ratio (calculated as the ratio of its minor to major axis) evolves from an elliptical to a more circular shape that approximately doubles during its propagation through WISPR's field of view. The island is not distinct in other white-light observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) coronagraphs, suggesting that this is a comparatively faint heliospheric feature and that viewing perspective and WISPR's enhanced sensitivity are key to observing the magnetic island.
Custo estimado para atendimento assistencial à saúde de 100 leitos de UTI de Campanha, considerando infraestrutura física, recursos materiais operacionais e oferta de gases medicinais
Creators: name: Pereira, Adriano Alves
name: Andrade, Adriano De Oliveira
name: Cabral, Ariana Moura
name: Barreto, Cassiana Gabriela Lima
name: Silva, Gabriella Lelis
name: Guimarães, José Flávio Viana
name: Araújo, Laureane Almeida Santiago De
name: Nóbrega, Lígia Reis
name: Mendes, Luanne Cardoso
name: Brandão, Mariana Ribeiro
name: Milagre, Selma Terezinha
name: Morales, Victor Hugo De Freitas
name: Lima, Viviane Da Conceição
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavírus, pandemia, Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, UTI de Campanha, leitos de UTI, infraestrutura física, recursos materiais, gases medicinais, demanda orçamentária

description: Diante da ascensão da curva de expansão do perfil epidemiológico do SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) no Brasil e, consequentemente, da demanda emergencial dos serviços de saúde pública do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para atender leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) extra hospitalares, faz-se necessário a estimativa de custo para o atendimento assistencial à saúde de 100 leitos de UTI de Campanha, considerando aspectos mínimos de infraestrutura física, recursos materiais operacionais e oferta de gases medicinais para comportar os mesmos recursos médicos e tecnológicos presentes em leitos de UTI de Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde de caráter permanente.
Viscous circumbinary protoplanetary discs -- I. Structure of the inner cavity
Creators: name: Penzlin, Anna B. T.
name: Booth, Richard A.
name: Nelson, Richard P.
name: Schäfer, Christoph M.
name: Kley, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many of the most intriguing features, including spirals and cavities, in the current disc observations are found in binary systems like GG Tau, HD 142527 or HD 100453. Such features are evidence of the dynamic interaction between binary stars and the viscous disc. Understanding these dynamic interactions and how they result in the structure and growth of asymmetric circumbinary discs is a difficult problem, for which there is no complete analytical solution, that predicts the shape of the observed disc accurately. We use numeric simulation to evolve circumbinary discs with varying disc viscosities and investigate the size and shape of the inner cavities in such protoplanetary discs. We have simulated over 140 locally isothermal 2D grid-based disc models for > 3e4 binary orbits each and mapped out the parameter space relevant for protoplanetary discs. With this, it becomes possible to create parametrised profiles for individual discs to compare to observation and find limits to their binary eccentricity or internal viscosity from the simulation data. In the long-term simulations larger cavity sizes than previously considered are possible within the parameter space (< 6 binary separations). As an example, we find that the eccentricity of the disc around HD 142527 suggests the impact of the binary dynamics on the disc. However, even considering the larger cavity sizes, the large size of the cavity in HD 142527 remains unexplained by the simulations considering the most recent orbital constraints.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures (appendix: 2 pages, 3 figures); accepted by mnras
Evaluating Utility Measurement from Recurrent Marker Processes in the Presence of Competing Terminal Events
Creators: name: Yifei Sun
name: Wang, Mei-Cheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: In follow-up studies, utility marker measurements are usually collected upon the occurrence of recurrent events until a terminal event such as death takes place. In this article, we define the recurrent marker process to characterize utility accumulation over time. For example, with medical cost and repeated hospitalizations being treated as marker and recurrent events respectively, the recurrent marker process is the trajectory of cumulative cost, which stops to increase after death. In many applications, competing risks arise as subjects are at risk of more than one mutually exclusive terminal event, such as death from different causes, and modeling the recurrent marker process for each failure type is often of interest. However, censoring creates challenges in the methodological development, because for censored subjects, both failure type and recurrent marker process after censoring are unobserved. To circumvent this problem, we propose a nonparametric framework for recurrent marker process with competing terminal events. In the presence of competing risks, we start with an estimator by using marker information from uncensored subjects. As a result, the estimator can be inefficient under heavy censoring. To improve efficiency, we propose a second estimator by combining the first estimator with auxiliary information from the estimate under non-competing risks model. The large sample properties and optimality of the second estimator is established. Simulation studies and an application to the SEER-Medicare linked data are presented to illustrate the proposed methods. Supplemental materials are available online.
Coordinating "7 Billion Humans" is hard
Creators: name: Panconesi, Alessandro
name: Posta, Pietro Maria
name: Giacchini, Mirko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the video game "7 Billion Humans", the player is requested to direct a group of workers to various destinations by writing a program that is executed simultaneously on each worker. While the game is quite rich and, indeed, it is considered one of the best games for beginners to learn the basics of programming, we show that even extremely simple versions are already NP-Hard or PSPACE-Hard.
description: Preliminary version appeared at FUN (2024)
Impact of Storage and Cryoprotectants on the Function of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Creators: name: Jahan, Suria
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cord Blood
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Cryoprotectants
Ice Recrystallizaion Inhibitor
Transplantation
Blood processing delays
Engraftment

description: Cord blood (CB) has emerged as a significant source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation. Large distances between collection and processing sites combined with staff availability can lead to long processing delays of CB unit (CBU). Standard agencies limit CBU storage at room temperature (RT) to a maximum of 48 hours from collection to freezing. Slow-engraftment and graft failure are major issues related to CB transplantation. I hypothesized that prolonged storage at RT reduces the engraftment activities of CBU due to the loss in HSC numbers. I set to test my hypothesis by performing serial and limiting-dilution transplantation assays in immunodeficient mice. My results showed that the engraftment activity of CBU was significantly perturbed by prolonged storage (>40 hours) at RT. In line with my hypothesis, the transplantation assays suggested that the engraftment deficit originates from loss in HSC numbers. My findings provide results for CB banks to make an informed decision on how long CBU can be stored at RT before processing. Conversely, CBU must be cryopreserved before use, and loss of function can occur due to osmotic shock and mechanical damage from uncontrolled ice-crystal growth (ice-recrystallization) during freezing and thawing. Current cyroprotectants like dimethyl-sulfoxide fail to inhibit ice-recrystallization. However, a novel class of small ice-recrystallization inhibitor (IRI) molecules (N-aryl-D-aldonamides) have been developed. I hypothesized that supplementation of cryopreservation solution with IRIs will improve the post-thaw viability and engraftment activity of CBU. Herein, I identified two IRIs (IRI 2 and IRI 6) that improved the post-thaw recovery of hematopoietic clonogenic and multipotent progenitors. Moreover, supplementation of CB graft with IRI 2 was beneficial to engraftment and had no negative impact on the differentiation and self-renewal activities of HSCs. Taken together, my results demonstrate for the first time that IRI may be beneficial to the engraftment activity of HSC graft and support further investigation.
A Bayesian Multivariate Functional Dynamic Linear Model
Creators: name: Kowal, Daniel R.
name: Matteson, David S.
name: Ruppert, David
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: We present a Bayesian approach for modeling multivariate, dependent functional data. To account for the three dominant structural features in the data–functional, time dependent, and multivariate components–we extend hierarchical dynamic linear models for multivariate time series to the functional data setting. We also develop Bayesian spline theory in a more general constrained optimization framework. The proposed methods identify a time-invariant functional basis for the functional observations, which is smooth and interpretable, and can be made common across multivariate observations for additional information sharing. The Bayesian framework permits joint estimation of the model parameters, provides exact inference (up to MCMC error) on specific parameters, and allows generalized dependence structures. Sampling from the posterior distribution is accomplished with an efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm. We illustrate the proposed framework with two applications: (1) multi-economy yield curve data from the recent global recession, and (2) local field potential brain signals in rats, for which we develop a multivariate functional time series approach for multivariate time-frequency analysis. Supplementary materials, including R code and the multi-economy yield curve data, are available online.
Study towards a simple and rapid test for group B streptococcus
Creators: name: Marsh, Robyn
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 2001

description: Since its emergence in the early 1970's, group B streptococcus (GBS) has been the predominant infectious cause of life-threatening illness in neonates. In the absence of a vaccine, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (lAP) has been used to interrupt vertical transmission of GBS, and thus prevent infant infection. Although TAP decreases the incidence of neonatal GBS disease, there are concerns that its widespread use may result in maternal and infant morbidity from other causes, such as anaphylaxis and disease from virulent antibiotic resistant bacteria, for example disease caused by ampicillin resistant E. coli. To minimise the risks of such adverse outcomes, it is important that lAP administration is limited to mothers with intraparturn GBS colonisation. Although several tests have been developed for rapid detection of GBS, most have lacked the sensitivity required to identify light levels of colonisation. The aim of this study was to develop a simple test capable of detecting all levels of GBS colonisation within 1-2 hours. Two approaches were taken. The first involved development of a fluorescent test for the GBS surface enzyme C5a peptidase (C5a-ase). This was not successful in that the substrate molecules used in the test were susceptible to the agents used to release C5a-ase from the cell wall. The second approach was based on PCR detection of the newly discovered and highly conserved GBS bsp gene. This test is highly specific and further improvement in sensitivity will undoubtedly make this a suitable test for intrapartum detection of GBS.
Hierarchical Models for Semicompeting Risks Data With Application to Quality of End-of-Life Care for Pancreatic Cancer
Creators: name: Lee, Kyu Ha
name: Dominici, Francesca
name: Schrag, Deborah
name: Haneuse, Sebastien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Readmission following discharge from an initial hospitalization is a key marker of quality of healthcare in the United States. For the most part, readmission has been studied among patients with “acute” health conditions, such as pneumonia and heart failure, with analyses based on a logistic-Normal generalized linear mixed model. Naïve application of this model to the study of readmission among patients with “advanced” health conditions such as pancreatic cancer, however, is problematic because it ignores death as a competing risk. A more appropriate analysis is to imbed such a study within the semicompeting risks framework. To our knowledge, however, no comprehensive statistical methods have been developed for cluster-correlated semicompeting risks data. To resolve this gap in the literature we propose a novel hierarchical modeling framework for the analysis of cluster-correlated semicompeting risks data that permits parametric or nonparametric specifications for a range of components giving analysts substantial flexibility as they consider their own analyses. Estimation and inference is performed within the Bayesian paradigm since it facilitates the straightforward characterization of (posterior) uncertainty for all model parameters, including hospital-specific random effects. Model comparison and choice is performed via the deviance information criterion and the log-pseudo marginal likelihood statistic, both of which are based on a partially marginalized likelihood. An efficient computational scheme, based on the Metropolis-Hastings-Green algorithm, is developed and had been implemented in the R package SemiCompRisks. A comprehensive simulation study shows that the proposed framework performs very well in a range of data scenarios, and outperforms competitor analysis strategies. The proposed framework is motivated by and illustrated with an ongoing study of the risk of readmission among Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Using data on n = 5298 patients at J=112 hospitals in the six New England states between 2000–2009, key scientific questions we consider include the role of patient-level risk factors on the risk of readmission and the extent of variation in risk across hospitals not explained by differences in patient case-mix. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Sparse Multi-dimensional Graphical Models: A Unified Bayesian Framework
Creators: name: Ni, Yang
name: Stingo, Francesco C.
name: Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Multi-dimensional data constituted by measurements along multiple axes have emerged across many scientific areas such as genomics and cancer surveillance. A common objective is to investigate the conditional dependencies among the variables along each axes taking into account multi-dimensional structure of the data. Traditional multivariate approaches are unsuitable for such highly structured data due to inefficiency, loss of power and lack of interpretability. In this paper, we propose a novel class of multi-dimensional graphical models based on matrix decompositions of the precision matrices along each dimension. Our approach is a unified framework applicable to both directed and undirected decomposable graphs as well as arbitrary combinations of these. Exploiting the marginalization of the likelihood, we develop efficient posterior sampling schemes based on partially collapsed Gibbs samplers. Empirically, through simulation studies, we show the superior performance of our approach in comparison with those of benchmark and state-of-the-art methods. We illustrate our approaches using two datasets: ovarian cancer proteomics and U.S. cancer mortality.
Cerrajería y Protección del Medio Ambiente
Creators: name: Enrique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: cerrajeria
medio ambiente
ecologia
cerradura
argentina
cordoba

description: Texto que habla sobre la protección y cuidado del medio ambiente desde el punto de vista de la Cerrajería, patrocinado por Cerrajería Córdoba.
Bayesian methods for non-ignorable dropout in joint models in smoking cessation studies
Creators: name: J. T. Gaskins
name: M. J. Daniels
name: B. H. Marcus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Inference on data with missingness can be challenging, particularly if the knowledge that a measurement was unobserved provides information about its distribution. Our work is motivated by the Commit to Quit II study, a smoking cessation trial that measured smoking status and weight change as weekly outcomes. It is expected that dropout in this study was informative and that patients with missed measurements are more likely to be smoking, even after conditioning on their observed smoking and weight history. We jointly model the categorical smoking status and continuous weight change outcomes by assuming normal latent variables for cessation and by extending the usual pattern mixture model to the bivariate case. The model includes a novel approach to sharing information across patterns through a Bayesian shrinkage framework to improve estimation stability for sparsely observed patterns. To accommodate the presumed informativeness of the missing data in a parsimonious manner, we model the unidentified components of the model under a non-future dependence assumption and specify departures from missing at random through sensitivity parameters, whose distributions are elicited from a subject-matter expert.
Hierarchical models for semi-competing risks data with application to quality of end-of-life care for pancreatic cancer
Creators: name: Lee, Kyu Ha
name: Dominici, Francesca
name: Schrag, Deborah
name: Haneuse, Sebastien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Readmission following discharge from an initial hospitalization is a key marker of quality of health care in the United States. For the most part, readmission has been studied among patients with ‘acute’ health conditions, such as pneumonia and heart failure, with analyses based on a logistic-Normal generalized linear mixed model (Normand et al., 1997). Naïve application of this model to the study of readmission among patients with ‘advanced’ health conditions such as pancreatic cancer, however, is problematic because it ignores death as a competing risk. A more appropriate analysis is to imbed such a study within the semi-competing risks framework. To our knowledge, however, no comprehensive statistical methods have been developed for cluster-correlated semi-competing risks data. To resolve this gap in the literature we propose a novel hierarchical modeling framework for the analysis of cluster-correlated semi-competing risks data that permits parametric or non-parametric specifications for a range of components giving analysts substantial flexibility as they consider their own analyses. Estimation and inference is performed within the Bayesian paradigm since it facilitates the straightforward characterization of (posterior) uncertainty for all model parameters, including hospital-specific random effects. Model comparison and choice is performed via the deviance information criterion and the log-pseudo marginal likelihood statistic, both of which are based on a partially marginalized likelihood. An efficient computational scheme, based on the Metropolis-Hastings-Green algorithm, is developed and had been implemented in the SemiCompRisks R package. A comprehensive simulation study shows that the proposed framework performs very well in a range of data scenarios, and outperforms competitor analysis strategies. The proposed framework is motivated by and illustrated with an on-going study of the risk of readmission among Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Using data on n=5,298 patients at J=112 hospitals in the six New England states between 2000-2009, key scientific questions we consider include the role of patient-level risk factors on the risk of readmission and the extent of variation in risk across hospitals not explained by differences in patient case-mix.
Bayesian Methods for Nonignorable Dropout in Joint Models in Smoking Cessation Studies
Creators: name: J. T. Gaskins
name: M. J. Daniels
name: B. H. Marcus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Inference on data with missingness can be challenging, particularly if the knowledge that a measurement was unobserved provides information about its distribution. Our work is motivated by the Commit to Quit II study, a smoking cessation trial that measured smoking status and weight change as weekly outcomes. It is expected that dropout in this study was informative and that patients with missed measurements are more likely to be smoking, even after conditioning on their observed smoking and weight history. We jointly model the categorical smoking status and continuous weight change outcomes by assuming normal latent variables for cessation and by extending the usual pattern mixture model to the bivariate case. The model includes a novel approach to sharing information across patterns through a Bayesian shrinkage framework to improve estimation stability for sparsely observed patterns. To accommodate the presumed informativeness of the missing data in a parsimonious manner, we model the unidentified components of the model under a nonfuture dependence assumption and specify departures from missing at random through sensitivity parameters, whose distributions are elicited from a subject-matter expert. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
De doelgroepen van het onderwijsachterstandenbeleid: Ontwikkelingen in prestaties en het advies voortgezet onderwijs.
Creators: name: Driessen, Geert
Publisher: name: Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Year: 2012
Subjects: onderwijsachterstandenbeleid

description: die het gevolg zijn van sociale, economische en culturele factoren in de thuissituatie van kinderente bestrijden. Tot de doelgroepen van dat beleid behoren in de praktijk kinderen van laagopgeleideouders en uit etnische minderheidsgroepen. Deze rapportage bundelt de resultaten vantwee deelstudies waarin de doelgroepen van het onderwijsachterstandenbeleid centraal staan.Voor de analyses is gebruik gemaakt van gegevens die in de loop der jaren zijn verzameld in decohortstudies PRIMA en COOL5-18. In de eerste deelstudie is de vraag aan de orde hoe zich deonderwijspositie, in termen van leerprestaties en advies voortgezet onderwijs, van de doelgroepleerlingenin de periode 1995–2011 heeft ontwikkeld. Lopen de doelgroepen hun achterstandin? In de tweede deelstudie wordt de relatie leerprestaties – advies ontrafeld. Krijgen de doelgroepeneen advies dat in overeenstemming is met hun feitelijke prestatieniveau
Association between Torso Gunshot Wound Volumes of Trauma Centers and Outcomes of Torso Gunshot Wound Patients. A Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study
Creators: name: Fu, Chih-Yuan
name: Bajani, Francesco
name: Bokhari, Marissa
name: Butler, Caroline
name: Starr, Frederick
name: Messer, Thomas
name: Kaminsky, Matthew
name: Dennis, Andrew
name: Schlanser, Victoria
name: Poulakidas, Stathis
name: Mis, Justin
name: Bokhari, Faran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Objective: The number and type of patients treated by trauma centers can vary widely because of a number of factors. There might be trauma centers with a high volume of torso GSWs that are not designated as high-level trauma centers. We proposed that, for torso gunshot wounds (GSWs), the treating hospital’s trauma volume and not its trauma center level designation drives patient prognosis. Methods: The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for torso GSWs. The characteristics of torso GSWs in trauma centers with different volumes of torso GSWs were compared. The association between torso GSW volumes of trauma centers and the outcomes of torso GSWs were evaluated with propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analysis. Results: There were 618 trauma centers that treated 14,804 torso GSW patients in two years (2014-2015). In 191 level I trauma centers, 82 of them (42.9%, 82/191) treated <1 torso GSW per month. After well-balanced PSM, patients who were treated in higher volume trauma centers (≥9 torso GSWs/month) had a significantly lower mortality rate (7.9% vs. 9.7%). Patients treated in trauma centers with ≥9 torso GSWs/month had a 30.9% (odds ratio = 0.764) lower probability of death than if sent to trauma centers with <9 torso GSWs/month. Treatment in level I or II trauma centers did not significantly affect mortality. Conclusion: There is an uneven distribution of torso GSWs among trauma centers. Torso GSWs treated in trauma centers with ≥9 torso GSWs/month have significantly superior outcomes with regard to survival.
Simultaneous Inference for High-dimensional Linear Models
Creators: name: Xianyang Zhang
name: Cheng, Guang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper proposes a bootstrap-assisted procedure to conduct simultaneous inference for high dimensional sparse linear models based on the recent de-sparsifying Lasso estimator (van de Geer et al. 2014). Our procedure allows the dimension of the parameter vector of interest to be exponentially larger than sample size, and it automatically accounts for the dependence within the de-sparsifying Lasso estimator. Moreover, our simultaneous testing method can be naturally coupled with the margin screening (Fan and Lv 2008) to enhance its power in sparse testing with a reduced computational cost, or with the step-down method (Romano and Wolf 2005) to provide a strong control for the family-wise error rate. In theory, we prove that our simultaneous testing procedure asymptotically achieves the pre-specified significance level, and enjoys certain optimality in terms of its power even when the model errors are non-Gaussian. Our general theory is also useful in studying the support recovery problem. To broaden the applicability, we further extend our main results to generalized linear models with convex loss functions. The effectiveness of our methods is demonstrated via simulation studies.
Exploring Authenticity in Marketing and Business_ A Guide to Building Trust and Connection
Creators: name: Slackman, Adrian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the fast-paced world of marketing and business, the pursuit of authenticity has emerged as a pivotal element in establishing trust and connection with consumers. Authenticity goes beyond mere advertising and branding; it embodies the genuine nature of a brand, reflecting its values, mission, and commitment to transparency. This article delves into the multifaceted concept of authenticity in marketing and business, shedding light on its importance, the role it plays in branding, and how businesses can convey authenticity to build lasting relationships with their customers.
Bayesian Methods for Nonignorable Dropout in Joint Models in Smoking Cessation Studies
Creators: name: J. T. Gaskins
name: M. J. Daniels
name: B. H. Marcus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Inference on data with missingness can be challenging, particularly if the knowledge that a measurement was unobserved provides information about its distribution. Our work is motivated by the Commit to Quit II study, a smoking cessation trial that measured smoking status and weight change as weekly outcomes. It is expected that dropout in this study was informative and that patients with missed measurements are more likely to be smoking, even after conditioning on their observed smoking and weight history. We jointly model the categorical smoking status and continuous weight change outcomes by assuming normal latent variables for cessation and by extending the usual pattern mixture model to the bivariate case. The model includes a novel approach to sharing information across patterns through a Bayesian shrinkage framework to improve estimation stability for sparsely observed patterns. To accommodate the presumed informativeness of the missing data in a parsimonious manner, we model the unidentified components of the model under a nonfuture dependence assumption and specify departures from missing at random through sensitivity parameters, whose distributions are elicited from a subject-matter expert. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Model comparison and assessment for single particle tracking in biological fluids
Creators: name: Lysy, Martin
name: Natesh S. Pillai
name: Hill, David B.
name: M. Gregory Forest
name: Mellnik, John W.R.
name: Vasquez, Paula A.
name: McKinley, Scott A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: State-of-the-art techniques in passive particle-tracking microscopy provide high-resolution path trajectories of diverse foreign particles in biological fluids. For particles on the order of 1 µm diameter, these paths are generally inconsistent with simple Brownian motion. Yet, despite an abundance of data confirming these findings and their wide-ranging scientific implications, stochastic modeling of the complex particle motion has received comparatively little attention. Even among posited models, there is virtually no literature on likelihood-based inference, model comparisons, and other quantitative assessments. In this article, we develop a rigorous and computationally efficient Bayesian methodology to address this gap. We analyze two of the most prevalent candidate models for 30 second paths of 1 µm diameter tracer particles in human lung mucus: fractional Brownian motion (fBM) and a Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) consistent with viscoelastic theory. Our model comparisons distinctly favor GLE over fBM, with the former describing the data remarkably well up to the timescales for which we have reliable information.
Hierarchical Models for Semicompeting Risks Data With Application to Quality of End-of-Life Care for Pancreatic Cancer
Creators: name: Lee, Kyu Ha
name: Dominici, Francesca
name: Schrag, Deborah
name: Haneuse, Sebastien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Readmission following discharge from an initial hospitalization is a key marker of quality of healthcare in the United States. For the most part, readmission has been studied among patients with “acute” health conditions, such as pneumonia and heart failure, with analyses based on a logistic-Normal generalized linear mixed model. Naïve application of this model to the study of readmission among patients with “advanced” health conditions such as pancreatic cancer, however, is problematic because it ignores death as a competing risk. A more appropriate analysis is to imbed such a study within the semicompeting risks framework. To our knowledge, however, no comprehensive statistical methods have been developed for cluster-correlated semicompeting risks data. To resolve this gap in the literature we propose a novel hierarchical modeling framework for the analysis of cluster-correlated semicompeting risks data that permits parametric or nonparametric specifications for a range of components giving analysts substantial flexibility as they consider their own analyses. Estimation and inference is performed within the Bayesian paradigm since it facilitates the straightforward characterization of (posterior) uncertainty for all model parameters, including hospital-specific random effects. Model comparison and choice is performed via the deviance information criterion and the log-pseudo marginal likelihood statistic, both of which are based on a partially marginalized likelihood. An efficient computational scheme, based on the Metropolis-Hastings-Green algorithm, is developed and had been implemented in the R package SemiCompRisks. A comprehensive simulation study shows that the proposed framework performs very well in a range of data scenarios, and outperforms competitor analysis strategies. The proposed framework is motivated by and illustrated with an ongoing study of the risk of readmission among Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Using data on n = 5298 patients at J=112 hospitals in the six New England states between 2000–2009, key scientific questions we consider include the role of patient-level risk factors on the risk of readmission and the extent of variation in risk across hospitals not explained by differences in patient case-mix. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Goodness-of-Fit Testing for the Newcomb-Benford Law With Application to the Detection of Customs Fraud
Creators: name: Barabesi, Lucio
name: Cerasa, Andrea
name: Cerioli, Andrea
name: Perrotta, Domenico
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: The Newcomb-Benford law for digit sequences has recently attracted interest in antifraud analysis. However, most of its applications rely either on diagnostic checks of the data, or on informal decision rules. We suggest a new way of testing the Newcomb-Benford law that turns out to be particularly attractive for the detection of frauds in customs data collected from international trade. Our approach has two major advantages. The first one is that we control the rate of false rejections at each stage of the procedure, as required in antifraud applications. The second improvement is that our testing procedure leads to exact significance levels and does not rely on large-sample approximations. Another contribution of our work is the derivation of a simple expression for the digit distribution when the Newcomb-Benford law is violated, and a bound for a chi-squared type of distance between the actual digit distribution and the Newcomb-Benford one.
Estimating a Parametric Component Lifetime Distribution from a Collection of Superimposed Renewal Processes
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Tian, Ye
name: Escobar, Luis A.
name: Meeker, William Q.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Maintenance data can be used to make inferences about the lifetime distribution of system components. Typically, a fleet contains multiple systems. Within each system, there is a set of nominally identical replaceable components of particular interest (e.g., 2 automobile headlights, 8 dual in-line memory module (DIMM) modules in a computing server, 16 cylinders in a locomotive engine). For each component replacement event, there is system-level information that a component was replaced, but no information on which particular component was replaced. Thus, the observed data are a collection of superpositions of renewal processes (SRP), one for each system in the fleet. This article proposes a procedure for estimating the component lifetime distribution using the aggregated event data from a fleet of systems. We show how to compute the likelihood function for the collection of SRPs and provide suggestions for efficient computations. We compare performance of this incomplete-data maximum likelihood (ML) estimator with the complete-data ML estimator and study the performance of confidence interval methods for estimating quantiles of the lifetime distribution of the component. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.