cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Families of monotone Lagrangians in Brieskorn--Pham hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Keating, Ailsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present techniques, inspired by monodromy considerations, for constructing compact monotone Lagrangians in certain affine hypersurfaces, chiefly of Brieskorn-Pham type. We focus on dimensions 2 and 3, though the constructions generalise to higher ones. The techniques give significant latitude in controlling the homology class, Maslov class and monotonicity constant of the Lagrangian, and a range of possible diffeomorphism types; they are also explicit enough to be amenable to calculations of pseudo-holomorphic curve invariants. Applications include infinite families of monotone Lagrangian $S^1 \times Σ_g$ in $\mathbb{C}^3$, distinguished by soft invariants for any genus $g \geq 2$; and, for fixed soft invariants, a range of infinite families of Lagrangians in Brieskorn-Pham hypersurfaces. These are generally distinct up to Hamiltonian isotopy. In specific cases, we also set up well-defined counts of Maslov zero holomorphic annuli, which distinguish the Lagrangians up to compactly supported symplectomorphisms. Inter alia, these give families of exact monotone Lagrangian tori which are related neither by geometric mutation nor by compactly supported symplectomorphisms.
description: accepted version
Flacopimpla varelae Gauld 1991
Creators: name: Fritzén, Niclas R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Flacopimpla
Flacopimpla varelae

description: Flacopimpla varelae Gauld, 1991
 MATERIAL EXAMINED. COSTA RICA (BMNH): Paratypes 2♀, Gste Pv., Guanacaste NP, 560 m, Est Mariza Vn Orosi, v–viii.1989 (Gauld); 1♀, Gste Pv., Guanacaste NP, 560 m, Est Mariza Vn Orosi, iii.1990 (Gauld & Michell) (det. I.D. Gauld, 1991).
description: Published as part of Fritzén, Niclas R., 2014, Two new species of the Polysphincta genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) reared from their spider (Araneae) hosts in Europe, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4956608
Nucifraga platyrhynchos C. L. Brehm
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Nucifraga
Nucifraga platyrhynchos

description: Nucifraga platyrhynchos C.L. Brehm
Nucifraga platyrhynchos C.L. Brehm, 1833: 973, 974 (Ein Stück meiner Sammlung wurde bei Greifswald, ein anderes, ein Weibchen, in der hiesigen Gegend, beide im September 1821, erlegt).
Now Nucifraga caryocatactes caryocatactes (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert, 1918a: 9; Vaurie, 1959: 156–158; Dickinson, 2003: 511; and dos Anjos, 2009: 611–612.
LECTOTYPE: AMNH 675462, female ‘‘pr. auct.’’ (primo auctumno), Roda River valley (= Rodathal), Germany. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: No type was designated in the original description, but Brehm had at least two specimens. Part of Brehm’s original label is missing from this specimen, but ‘‘ tyrhynchos ’’ remains. The date is also missing, but Hartert has written ‘‘ September 1821 ’’ on the Rothschild Collection label. On the reverse of the Rothschild type label is the following note by Hartert: ‘‘Dies muss das in Sept. 1821 erlegte ♀ sein, das Isis 1833 p. 974 erwähnt ist.’’ Hartert (1918a: 9) listed the above specimen as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype, and wrote: ‘‘This must be the type. No specimen from Greifswald can be traced, and the Nutcrackers that appear in autumn and winter in Pommerania are almost without exceptions long-billed Siberian wanderers, N. caryocatactes macrorhynchos.’’
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 120, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
Additional file 1 of Competitive employer positioning through career path analysis: the case of the Swiss nursing sector
Creators: name: Aeschbacher, Remo
name: Addor, Véronique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Movement sample composition
Effects of Advertising on the Demand for Cheese and Fluid Milk
Creators: name: Blisard, William N.
name: Sun, Theresa
name: Blaylock, James R.
name: Blisard, William N.
name: Sun, Theresa
name: Blaylock, James R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cheese
subject: fluid milk
subject: advertising
subject: demand
subject: entry
subject: exit
subject: distributed lag
subject: econometric
subject: generic
subject: processed
subject: elasticities

description: An advertising campaign raised fluid milk sales by about 5,975.4 million pounds during September 1984-September 1990. Natural and processed cheese (consumed at home) sales rose by about 23 and 229 million pounds in the same period. An assessment of 15 cents per hundredweight of milk sold commercially, mandated by the Dairy and Tobacco Adjustment Act of 1983, funded the increase in advertising. The authors use econometric demand models to introduce variables that would offset or complement dairy-centered advertising. In both branded and generic advertising, changes in market price, income, and the availability of substitute goods are factors that influence the demand for natural and processed cheese.
Hadronic EDMs induced by the strangeness and constraints on supersymmetric CP phases
Creators: name: Hisano, Junji
name: Shimizu, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider hadronic CP violation induced by chromoelectric dipolemoments (CEDMs) of light quarks and the QCD theta parameter ($?overline{?theta}$). We concentrate on the strange quark CEDM especially in this paper. Using effective CP violating nucleon interactions induced by the CEDMs and $?overline{?theta}$ with the SU(3) chiral Lagrangian technique, we calculate the EDMs for the $^{199}$Hg atom, neutron and deuteron. We also discuss supersymmetric contributions to the electric dipole moments with the mass insertion approximations and give stringent constraints on the CP phases of the flavor changing SUSY breaking terms.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 2 of Competitive employer positioning through career path analysis: the case of the Swiss nursing sector
Creators: name: Aeschbacher, Remo
name: Addor, Véronique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Profiling nurse turnover: interpreting criteria allocation and deriving strategic reactions
Groundwater Management: An Economic Evaluation of Water Conservation Strategies in Arizona Agriculture
Creators: name: Wade, James C.
name: Wade, James C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Irrigation
subject: Water Conservation
subject: Linear Programming
subject: Pump Tax
subject: Water
subject: Quota
subject: Arizona

description: Management is the new watchword for the conservation of Arizona's limited common property groundwater. Impacts of management strategies are analyzed. Results demonstrate groundwater savings of about 65 percent by 2000 using water use quotas similar to recent Arizona legislation. Farm net revenues and electricity usage also decrease. A proposed pump tax is less effective. Equilibrating pump taxes are devised.
Zatypota Foerster 1969
Creators: name: Fritzén, Niclas R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Zatypota

description: Zatypota Foerster, 1969
 Type species: Ichneumon percontatorius Müller, 1776, by subsequent designation (Viereck 1914).
description: Published as part of Fritzén, Niclas R., 2014, Two new species of the Polysphincta genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) reared from their spider (Araneae) hosts in Europe, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4956608
Testing the Cosmological Constant as a Candidate for Dark Energy
Creators: name: Kratochvil, Jan
name: Linde, Andrei
name: Linder, Eric V.
name: Shmakova, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It may be difficult to single out the best model of dark energy on the basis of the existing and planned cosmological observations, because many different models can lead to similar observational consequences. However, each particular model can be studied and either found consistent with observations or ruled out. In this paper, we concentrate on the possibility to test and rule out the simplest and by far the most popular of the models of dark energy, the theory described by general relativity with positive vacuum energy (the cosmological constant). We evaluate the conditions under which this model could be ruled out by the future observations made by the Supernova/Acceleration Probe SNAP (both for supernovae and weak lensing) and by the Planck Surveyor cosmic microwave background satellite.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, revtex4
BLOG: ORCID’s Response to COVID-19
Creators: name: Haak Laurel
Publisher: name: ORCID
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ORCID’s official statement on the COVID-19 pandemic. Our normal operations continue while we curtail travel and in-person meetings.
Additional file 3 of Competitive employer positioning through career path analysis: the case of the Swiss nursing sector
Creators: name: Aeschbacher, Remo
name: Addor, Véronique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Strengths-and-weaknesses diagrams for private hospitals, private medical offices, SOMEDs, NPOs, and home care services
A Influência da Indústria 4.0 no setor da Contabilidade
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Carina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Competências Digitais; Contabilidade; Digitalização; Indústria 4.0; Tecnologias emergentes.

description: A evolução das tecnologias de informação tem sido impulsionadora de grandes transformações sociais. No mundo empresarial, essa transformação traduz-se na redefinição das estruturas industriais e dos modelos de negócio. Os serviços e as atividades financeiros, nomeadamente os serviços da área da contabilidade enfrentam o desafio de mudança de paradigma relativamente aos processos de trabalho, de forma a adaptarem os seus modelos de negócio à era da economia digital e, simultaneamente, serem motores da transformação digital das Pequenas e Médias Empresas. Este trabalho pretende avaliar a influência da Indústria 4.0 no setor da contabilidade. Neste sentido, foram definidas as seguintes questões de investigação: As empresas de contabilidade têm a perceção das mudanças e do contributo com a adoção do novo software? Quais foram os principais desafios e barreiras? Quais foram as principais vantagens? Existe credibilidade e confiabilidade nestas novas tecnologias? Qual é o impacto que a transformação digital teve no líder ao nível da distribuição e reestruturação de tarefas? É manifestado que os profissionais estão envolvidos ou são resistentes à mudança? Para além das competências específicas das áreas fundamentais do curso de contabilidade, que competências terão os contabilistas de adquirir para poderem exercer a profissão num futuro próximo? O estudo segue uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, com recurso a entrevistas semiestruturadas e outras fontes de dados referentes aos quatro casos em estudo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que, apesar das novas tecnologias serem um desafio para os profissionais e para as organizações, cabe aos contabilistas trabalhar no desenvolvimento das suas competências digitais para serem os interlocutores das organizações nos processos de digitalização. É necessário que o contabilista se torne multifacetado e capaz de se reinventar na profissão.
FARM PLANNING, RISK AVERSION, AND THE RETURNS TO ON-FARM STORAGE FACILITIES
Creators: name: Shurley, W. Donald
name: Patrick, George F.
name: Shurley, W. Donald
name: Patrick, George F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Risk is incorporated into an annual farm-planning model using the MOTAD framework. The availability of on-farm storage is an important and often forgotten resource constraint in the sensitivity of farm plans. Because farm plans are affected by risk aversion, so is the importance of storage facilities. Study results were highly sensitive to storage capacity and generally show that returns to storage are highest at low farmer risk aversion.
Additional file 4 of Competitive employer positioning through career path analysis: the case of the Swiss nursing sector
Creators: name: Aeschbacher, Remo
name: Addor, Véronique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Relevance of reasons to quit involved in cross-typical turnover
CMB Observations with a Compact Heterogeneous 150 GHz Interferometer in Chile
Creators: name: Fowler, J. W.
name: Doriese, W. B.
name: Marriage, T. A.
name: Tran, H. T.
name: Aboobaker, A. M.
name: Dumont, C.
name: Halpern, M.
name: Kermish, Z. D.
name: Loh, Y. -S.
name: Page, L. A.
name: Staggs, S. T.
name: Wesley, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the design, first observing season, and analysis of data from a new prototype millimeter-wave interferometer, MINT. MINT consists of four 145 GHz SIS mixers operating in double-sideband mode in a compact heterogeneous configuration. The signal band is subdivided by a monolithic channelizer, after which the correlations between antennas are performed digitally. The typical receiver sensitivity in a 2 GHz band is 1.4 mK sqrt(s). MINT observed the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from the Chilean Altiplano. The site has a median nighttime atmospheric temperature of 9 K at zenith (exclusive of the CMB). Observations of Mars, Jupiter, and a telescope-mounted calibration source establish the system's phase and magnitude stability. MINT is the first CMB-dedicated interferometer to operate above 50 GHz. The same type of system can be used to probe the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in galaxy clusters near the SZ null at 217 GHz. We present an analysis of sideband-separated, digitally sampled data recorded by the array. Based on 215 hours of data taken in late 2001, we set an upper limit on the CMB anisotropy in a band of width Delta ell=700 around ell=1540 of delta T < 105 microK (95% conf). Increased sensitivity can be achieved with more integration time, greater bandwidth, and more elements.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. v2: Final ApJS version; rewritten analysis section made more clear
Determinants of Ex-Vessel, Wholesale, and Retail Prices for Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay
Creators: name: Mundy, Karen
name: Capps Jr., Oral
name: Mundy, Karen
name: Capps Jr., Oral
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Demand and Price Analysis

description: A recursive model of the price formation process in the marketing system for oysters in the Chesapeake Bay was developed. The model explained over 90 percent of the annual variation in the retail price, wholesale price, and the ex-vessel price of oysters. Disposable income and the consumer price index for fish sigificantly influenced the retail price of oysters; the retail price, landings in the Chesapeake Bay, and marketing costs significantly influenced the ex-vessel price of oysters. The impact of oyster consumption on the retail price, the impact of landings from outside the Chesapeake Bay on the wholesale price, and the impact of landings in the Chesapeake Bay on the ex-vessel price were not statistically different from zero.
X-Ray Sources Overdensity Around the 3C 295 Galaxy Cluster
Creators: name: D'Elia, V.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Cappi, M.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Mazzotta, P.
name: Falco, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical analysis of the Chandra observation of the source field around the 3C 295 galaxy cluster ($z=0.46$). The logN-logS of this field is in good agreement with that computed for the Chandra Deep Field South in this work and in previous ones. Nevertheless, the logN-logS computed separately for the four ACIS-I chips reveals that there is a significant excess of sources to the North-North East and a void to the South of the central cluster. Such an asymmetric distribution is confirmed by the two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, which excludes ($P \sim 3%$) a uniform distribution. In addition, a strong spatial correlation emerges from the study of the angular correlation function of the field: the angular correlation function is above that expected for X-ray sources on a few arcmin scales. In synthesis, the present analysis may indicate a filament of the large scale structure of the Universe toward 3C 295. This kind of studies may open-up a new way to map (with high efficiency) high-density peaks of large scale structures at high-z.
description: 4 pages, 6 ps figures, to appear in the proceedings of the "The Restless High Energy Universe" Workshop, Amsterdam, May 5-8, 2003
THE ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM: A COMPARISON AND APPLICATION TO FOOD
Creators: name: Blanciforti, Laura
name: Blanciforti, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis

description: The Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS) has been estimated for four food groups and compared to its own linear approximate version and the linear expenditure 5ystem(LES). The AIDS avoid the restrictive proportionality relationship of the LES and its approximate version estimates expenditure elasticities quite well.
Assymetric Warfare The IRA case using Guerilla Tactics.doc
Creators: name: Antyras, Alexandros Konstantinos Athanasopoulos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160609 Political Theory and Political Philosophy

description: Asymmetric Warfare has been used since ancient times to describe a conflict between a strong and a far weaker opponent. Although at first, it was considered that power is measured in large scales: military, weapons, economy etc, after the Cold War era of conflicts, it was acknowledged that the motivation of the weak that fight for survival is stronger in absorbing the cost of long wars (Mack, 1975). In this research, it was decided that we must inspect to political and terroristic element of the guerilla initiatives. From the beginning of the Tan War, through the Irish Civil War to the creation of the Provisionals, the IRA guerilla campaign has passed through multiple changes of action, policy and support. The aim of this research is to identify these changes as well as inspect the movements’ will to capitulate giving ground for more peaceful ways.
Optimal local unitary encoding circuits for the surface code
Creators: name: Higgott, Oscar
name: Wilson, Matthew
name: Hefford, James
name: Dborin, James
name: Hanif, Farhan
name: Burton, Simon
name: Browne, Dan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface code is a leading candidate quantum error correcting code, owing to its high threshold, and compatibility with existing experimental architectures. Bravyi et al. (2006) showed that encoding a state in the surface code using local unitary operations requires time at least linear in the lattice size $L$, however the most efficient known method for encoding an unknown state, introduced by Dennis et al. (2002), has $O(L^2)$ time complexity. Here, we present an optimal local unitary encoding circuit for the planar surface code that uses exactly $2L$ time steps to encode an unknown state in a distance $L$ planar code. We further show how an $O(L)$ complexity local unitary encoder for the toric code can be found by enforcing locality in the $O(\log L)$-depth non-local renormalisation encoder. We relate these techniques by providing an $O(L)$ local unitary circuit to convert between a toric code and a planar code, and also provide optimal encoders for the rectangular, rotated and 3D surface codes. Furthermore, we show how our encoding circuit for the planar code can be used to prepare fermionic states in the compact mapping, a recently introduced fermion to qubit mapping that has a stabiliser structure similar to that of the surface code and is particularly efficient for simulating the Fermi-Hubbard model.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
Cash Price Stability in the Presence of Futures Markets: A Multivariate Causality Test for Live Beef Cattle
Creators: name: Banerjee, A.
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Banerjee, A.
name: Weaver, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A theoretically motivated, multivariate causality test of the exogeneity of production planning period, term, and forward futures prices in the determination of cash slaughter cattle prices led to the conclusion that these respective futures prices directly affect, have an instantaneous relationship with and have no effect on the cash price In a sample of daily observations.
Nucifraga arquata C. L. Brehm
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Nucifraga
Nucifraga arquata

description: Nucifraga arquata C.L. Brehm
Nucifraga arquata C.L. Brehm, 1855a: 66 (no exact locality given).
Now Nucifraga caryocatactes caryocatactes (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert, 1918a: 9; Vaurie, 1959: 156–157; Dickinson, 2003: 511; and dos Anjos, 2009: 611–612.
LECTOTYPE: AMNH 675482, male, collected in Kärnten Province (= Kärnthen), Austria, on 3 October 1836. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: Brehm (1855a: 66) named the form ‘‘mit bogenförmigen’’ as N. arquata. Hartert (1918a: 9) said of this specimen collected on 3 October 1836: ‘‘This specimen must be the type; it has on its label the name arquata (Nucifraga caryocatactes arquata) in C.L. Brehm’s handwriting, and shows the exceptionally curved (‘bogenförmigen’) bill.’’ In addition to Brehm’s label, it bears a Rothschild Museum label (printed ‘‘Brehm-Collection’’) and a Rothschild type label. On the Rothschild Museum label Hartert has written ‘‘No. 110’’ and on the type label ‘‘This or no. 116 Type of Nucifraga arquata Brehm. ’’ The significance of these two numbers is not known; neither appears on Brehm’s label. Six additional Brehm specimens, AMNH 675477–675481, 675483, are from ‘‘Altenberg, Kärnthen,’’ a locality not mentioned by Brehm; none of them bears the name arquata on the Brehm label, and they are not considered type material.
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 120, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
First Stars Contribution to the Near Infrared Background Fluctuations
Creators: name: Magliocchetti, M.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Ferrara, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the emission from the first, metal-free stars inside Population III objects (PopIIIs) are needed to explain the level of fluctuations in the Near Infrared Background (NIRB) recently discovered by Kashlinsky et al. (2002), at least at the shortest wavelengths. Clustering of (unresolved) Pop IIIs can in fact account for the entire signal at almost all the ~1-30 arcsec scales probed by observations in the J band. Their contribution fades away at shorter frequencies and becomes negligible in the K band. ``Normal'', highly clustered, ~3 galaxies undergoing intense star-formation such as those found in the Hubble Deep Fields can 'fill in' this gap and provide for the missing signal. It is in fact found that their contribution to the intensity fluctuations is the dominant one at lambda=2.17 mum, while it gradually looses importance in the H and J bands. The joint contribution from these two populations of cosmic objects is able, within the errors, to reproduce the observed power spectrum in the whole Near Infrared range on small angular scales (theta < 200" for Pop III protogalaxies). Signals on larger scales detected by other experiments instead require the presence of more local sources.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Exact nonparaxial beams of the scalar Helmholtz equation
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Morales, G.
name: Chavez-Cerda, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that three-dimensional nonparaxial beams are described by the oblate spheroidal exact solutions of the Helmholtz equation. For the first time, their beam behaviour is investigated and their corresponding parameters are defined. Using the fact that the beam width of the family of paraxial Gaussian beams is described by an hyperbola, the connection between the physical parameters of nonparaxial spheroidal beam solutions and those of paraxial beams is formally stablished. These results are also helpful to investigate the exact vector nonparaxial beams.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Optics Letters
A joint precoding framework for wideband reconfigurable intelligent surface-aided cell-free network
Creators: name: Zhang, Zijian
name: Dai, Linglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Thanks to the strong ability against the inter-cell interference, cell-free network is considered as a promising technique to improve network capacity. However, further capacity improvement requires to deploy more base stations (BSs) with high cost and power consumption. To address this issue, inspired by the recently developed reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technique, we propose the concept of RIS-aided cell-free network to improve the capacity with low cost and power consumption. The key idea is to replace some of the required BSs by low-cost and energy-efficient RISs. Then, in a wideband RIS-aided cell-free network, we formulate the problem of joint precoding design at BSs and RISs to maximize the network capacity. Due to the non-convexity and high complexity of the formulated problem, we develop an alternating optimization framework to solve this challenging problem. In particular, we decouple this problem via fractional programming, and solve the subproblems alternatively. Note that most of the scenarios considered in existing works are special cases of the general scenario studied in this paper, and the proposed joint precoding framework can serve as a general solution to maximize the capacity in most existing RIS-aided scenarios. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that, compared with the conventional cell-free network, the network capacity under the proposed scheme can be improved significantly.
description: Published in IEEE TSP. This joint precoding framework considers the general case of multiple BSs, multiple RISs, multiple users, multiple antennas at both BSs and users, and multiple carriers, so it can be also used for other special cases in which some of these parameters are single. The simulation codes are provided at: http://oa.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn/dailinglong/publications/publications.html
New determinations of gamma-ray line intensities of the Ep = 550 keV and Ep = 1747 keV resonances of the 13-C(p,gamma)14-N reaction
Creators: name: Kiener, J.
name: Gros, M.
name: Tatischeff, V.
name: Attie, D.
name: Bailly, I.
name: Bauchet, A.
name: Chapuis, C.
name: Cordier, B.
name: Deloncle, I.
name: Porquet, M. G.
name: Schanne, S.
name: de Sereville, N.
name: Tauzin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray angular distributions for the resonances at Ep = 550 keV and 1747 keV of the radiative capture reaction 13-C(p,g)14-N have been measured, using intense proton beams on isotopically pure 13-C targets. Relative intensities for the strongest transitions were extracted with an accuracy of typically five per cent, making these resonances new useful gamma-ray standards for efficiency calibration in the energy range Egamma = 1.6 to 9 MeV.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Sec. A, accepted
Allocative Efficiency in Electronic Marketing for Feeder Cattle
Creators: name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Mahoney, Kathleen Ann
name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Mahoney, Kathleen Ann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Centralized remote-access markets using computer technology are a possible alternative to conventional markets for most agricultural commodities. This study empirically analyzes the allocative efficiency of such a market for feeder cattle. Results show a statistically significant price level premium in the electronic market over conventional auction markets for feeder cattle.
Gamma-ray Spectra due to Cosmic-ray Interactions with Dense Gas Clouds
Creators: name: Ohishi, Michiko
name: Mori, Masaki
name: Walker, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray spectra from cosmic-ray proton and electron interactions with dense gas clouds have been calculated using a Monte Carlo event simulation code, GEANT4. Such clouds are postulated as a possible form of baryonic dark matter in the Universe. The simulation fully tracks the cascade and transport processes that are important in a dense medium, and the resulting gamma-ray spectra are computed as a function of cloud column-density. These calculations are used for predicting the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray spectrum that may be contributed by baryonic dark matter; the results are compared with data from the EGRET instrument, and used to constrain the fraction of Galactic dark matter that may be in the form of dense gas clouds. In agreement with previous authors, we find useful constraints on the fraction of Galactic dark matter that may be in the form of low column-density clouds ($Σ\la 10 g cm^{-2}$). However, this fraction rises steeply in the region $Σ\sim 10^2 g cm^{-2}$, and for $Σ\ga 200 g cm^{-2}$ we find that baryonic dark matter models are virtually unconstrained by the existing gamma-ray data.
description: Version accepted by ApJ (after proof reading), 12 pages, 8 figures, use AASTeX macros
AN ECONOMETRIC FARM STRUCTURE MODEL
Creators: name: Joseph, Anthony L.
name: White, Fred C.
name: Barclay, Thomas N.
name: Joseph, Anthony L.
name: White, Fred C.
name: Barclay, Thomas N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Farm Management
Industrial Organization

description: While the magnitude of changes in farm structure have been well documented, little empirical work has been undertaken to explain what factors have caused these changes to occur. This study develops an analytical model to assess the impact of. selected variables on farm structure.
Effective degrees of freedom during the radiation era
Creators: name: Coleman, Thomas S.
name: Roos, Matts
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We update the curves of the effective degrees of freedom for the energy density $g_*(T)$ and for the entropy density $g_{*S}(T)$ during the era of radiation domination in the Universe. We find that a plain count of effective degrees of freedom sets an upper limit to the temperature of the quark-hadron transition at $T_c< 235$ MeV for the energy density and $T_c< 245$ MeV for the entropy density.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Robustness of intra-atomic frequency comb based quantum memory against fluctuating environment
Creators: name: Teja, G. P.
name: Goyal, Sandeep K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study the robustness of the intra-atomic frequency comb (I-AFC) based quantum memory against various environmental factors. The effect of the environment is incorporated as random fluctuations in the parameters such as comb spacing and the optical depth, of the frequency comb. We also study the effect of temperature on the quality of the quantum memory which is quantified in terms of the efficiency of the photon storage. We found that the I-AFC is viable for photon storage even for very large fluctuations in the parameters of the frequency comb. Moreover, the temperature has a negligible effect on the quality of I-AFC. Our study conclusively establishes the tenacious nature of the I-AFC.
Irreversible Dynamics of Abrikosov Vortices in Type-two Superconductors
Creators: name: Pace, S.
name: Filatrella, G.
name: Grimaldi, G.
name: Nigro, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The voltage shift RfIc with respect to the flux flow ohmic behavior of the current-voltage characteristic in type II superconductors is ascribed to the irreversible processes occurring when a vortex crosses defects. We include irreversible effects of the vortices-defects interaction into an effective law of motion. The obtained current-voltage characteristic at finite temperature is in agreement with experimental data.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett. A
title: Communication in young people with intellectual impairments: the influence of partnership
Creators: name: Walton, Anne P.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: Adults with intellectual impairments experience frequent communication breakdown in their everyday interactions. This can result from impairment of the linguistic skills required for effective communication and/or difficulties dealing with non-verbal information. Problems also exist, however, in the way that some non-impaired speakers, such as care providers, approach these communicative episodes. This thesis investigates communication in young adults with intellectual impairments with three different communication partners. These were a care provider, a student and a peer with intellectual impairments. Student partners were previously unknown to the main participants and not experienced in communicating with people with intellectual impairments. Communication structure and process are investigated according to the number of words and turns used to complete a co-operative problem-solving task and the types of conversational acts used by speakers and listeners. Non-verbal communication is investigated through the use of one non-verbal signal, gaze, during the task dialogues. An interactionist approach is taken to communication, where outcome or success is viewed as a product of the collaborative efforts of speakers and listeners. Communication is seen as multi-modal and involving the exchange of information via the verbal and non-verbal channels. The results show that when both parties were intellectually impaired performance was poorest. More surprisingly, dyads including a student partner communicated more effectively and efficiently than where the partner was a carer. One reason for this may be that carers used more complex, open questions to introduce new information into the task, and these were distracting rather than useful. Overusing open questions may be problematic for this population and less effective at establishing shared understanding than where listeners check their own interpretation of previous messages, a strategy preferred by student partners. Non-verbal signals can help to ease constraints on communication by providing interlocutors with feedback information on the levels of mutual understanding.
COVID-19 vaccine strategies for Aotearoa New Zealand: a mathematical modelling study
Creators: name: Nguyen, T
name: Adnan, M
name: Nguyen, Binh
name: de Ligt, J
name: Geoghegan, JL
name: Dean, R
name: Jefferies, S
name: Baker, MG
name: Seah, Khoon
name: Sporle, AA
name: French, NP
name: Murdoch, DR
name: Welch, D
name: Simpson, Colin
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background: COVID-19 elimination measures, including border closures have been applied in New Zealand. We have modelled the potential effect of vaccination programmes for opening borders. Methods: We used a deterministic age-stratified Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered (SEIR) model. We minimised spread by varying the age-stratified vaccine allocation to find the minimum herd immunity requirements (the effective reproduction number Reff<1 with closed borders) under various vaccine effectiveness (VE) scenarios and R0 values. We ran two-year open-border simulations for two vaccine strategies: minimising Reff and targeting high-risk groups. Findings: Targeting of high-risk groups will result in lower hospitalisations and deaths in most scenarios. Reaching the herd immunity threshold (HIT) with a vaccine of 90% VE against disease and 80% VE against infection requires at least 86.5% total population uptake for R0=4.5 (with high vaccination coverage for 30–49-year-olds) and 98.1% uptake for R0=6. In a two-year open-border scenario with 10 overseas cases daily and 90% total population vaccine uptake (including 0–15 year olds) with the same vaccine, the strategy of targeting high-risk groups is close to achieving HIT, with an estimated 11,400 total hospitalisations (peak 324 active and 36 new daily cases in hospitals), and 1,030 total deaths. Interpretation: Targeting high-risk groups for vaccination will result in fewer hospitalisations and deaths with open borders compared to targeting reduced transmission. With a highly effective vaccine and a high total uptake, opening borders will result in increasing cases, hospitalisations, and deaths. Other public health and social measures will still be required as part of an effective pandemic response. Funding: This project was funded by the Health Research Council [20/1018].
Supplementary Materials 1-4 from Listening to birdsong reveals basic features of rate perception and aesthetic judgements
Creators: name: Roeske, Tina
name: Larrouy-Maestri, Pauline
name: Sakamoto, Yasuhiro
name: Poeppel, David
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary analyses and results, and materials provided to the study participants
Farm Size, Farm Labor, and Off-Farm Labor: A Simultaneous Estimation
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Lange, Mark D.
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Lange, Mark D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A model of simultaneous determination of farm household choice variables of farm and off-farm labor, land input, and livestock enterprise is developed and estimated. Simultaneity is shown to exist in these variables and the effects are asymmetric. Wage and income effects are shown to depend heavily on the households view of comparative advantage in market and nonmarket production between husband and wife.
title: Some contributions to the analysis of skew data on the line and circle
Creators: name: Pewsey, Arthur Richard
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: In the first part of this thesis we consider the skew-normal class of distributions on the line and its limiting general half-normal distribution. Inferential procedures based on the methods of moments and maximum likelihood are developed and their performance assessed using simulation. Data on the strength of glass fibre and the body fat of elite athletes are used to illustrate some of the inferential issues raised.
 The second part of the thesis is devoted to a consideration of the analysis of skew circular data. First, we derive the large-sample distribution of certain key circular statistics and show how this result provides a basis for inference for the corresponding population measures.
 Next, tests for circular reflective symmetry about an unknown central direction are investigated. A large-sample test and computer intensive variants of it are developed, and their operating characteristics explored both theoretically and empirically. Subsequently, we consider tests for circular reflective symmetry about a known or specified median axis. Two new procedures are developed for testing for symmetry about a known median axis against skew alternatives, and their operating characteristics compared in a simulation experiment with those of the circular analogues of three linear tests. On the basis of the results obtained from the latter, a simple testing strategy is identified. The performance of the tests against rotation alternatives is also investigated. Throughout, the use of the various tests of symmetry is illustrated using a wide range of circular data sets.
 Finally, we propose the wrapped skew-normal distribution on the circle as a potential model for circular data. The distribution’s fundamental properties are presented and inference based on the methods of moments and maximum likelihood is explored. Tests for limiting cases of the class are proposed, and a potential use of the distribution is illustrated in the mixture based modelling of data on bird migration.
Supplementary Tables S1-S14 from The fruitless gene affects female receptivity and species isolation
Creators: name: Tabashir Chowdhury
name: Calhoun, Ryan M.
name: Bruch, Katrina
name: Moehring, Amanda J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supporting data, as cited in manuscript.
Recent Trends in Domestic Food Programs
Creators: name: Allen, Joyce
name: Allen, Joyce
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This article compares food program participation and costs for the January-March quarter of 1986 with the same 3 months of 1985. Preliminary data are reported as of May 1986 and are subject to revision. Entitlement and bonus commodities are included where applicable. Administrative costs are excluded unless noted.
The Devil is in the Channels: Mutual-Channel Loss for Fine-Grained Image Classification
Creators: name: Chang, Dongliang
name: Ding, Yifeng
name: Xie, Jiyang
name: Bhunia, Ayan Kumar
name: Li, Xiaoxu
name: Ma, Zhanyu
name: Wu, Ming
name: Guo, Jun
name: Song, Yi-Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Key for solving fine-grained image categorization is finding discriminate and local regions that correspond to subtle visual traits. Great strides have been made, with complex networks designed specifically to learn part-level discriminate feature representations. In this paper, we show it is possible to cultivate subtle details without the need for overly complicated network designs or training mechanisms -- a single loss is all it takes. The main trick lies with how we delve into individual feature channels early on, as opposed to the convention of starting from a consolidated feature map. The proposed loss function, termed as mutual-channel loss (MC-Loss), consists of two channel-specific components: a discriminality component and a diversity component. The discriminality component forces all feature channels belonging to the same class to be discriminative, through a novel channel-wise attention mechanism. The diversity component additionally constraints channels so that they become mutually exclusive on spatial-wise. The end result is therefore a set of feature channels that each reflects different locally discriminative regions for a specific class. The MC-Loss can be trained end-to-end, without the need for any bounding-box/part annotations, and yields highly discriminative regions during inference. Experimental results show our MC-Loss when implemented on top of common base networks can achieve state-of-the-art performance on all four fine-grained categorization datasets (CUB-Birds, FGVC-Aircraft, Flowers-102, and Stanford-Cars). Ablative studies further demonstrate the superiority of MC-Loss when compared with other recently proposed general-purpose losses for visual classification, on two different base networks. Code available at https://github.com/dongliangchang/Mutual-Channel-Loss
description: TIP2020. Code available at https://github.com/dongliangchang/Mutual-Channel-Loss