cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Carduelis elegans subsp. alpestris Prazak
Creators: name: Mlíkovský, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Carduelis
Carduelis elegans
Carduelis elegans alpestris pražák

description: Carduelis elegans alpestris Pražák
[Carduelis elegans] alpestris Pražák, 1894d: 84.
NOW. Carduelis carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert (1903: 67).
Remarks. Carduelis carduelis was a popular cage bird in Bohemia and local bird catchers distinguished several varieties according to minute differences in plumage coloration, body size, song or habitat preferences (e.g. Šír 1890: 109–110). Pražák (1894d: 83–84) provided scientific names for three of these varieties, including smallish, plain-colored garden birds (hortensis), largish birds breeding outside of villages (sylvestris), and brightly colored, good singing birds, believed to breed mainly at higher elevations (alpestris). Pražák (1894d: 83–84) provided descriptions for these three forms, which he called “gute Subspecies” (“good subspecies”) (Pražák 1894d: 82). In consequence, all these names are available for nomenclatural purposes, although Pražák (1894d) did not specify their type series.
Pražák (1894d: 84) did not specify the type locality of C. e. alpestris, but listed examples of localities where these birds were common. All of these localities lie within Bohemia and I thus consider Bohemia as the type locality of Carduelis elegans alpestris Pražák. Hartert (1903: 67) incorrectly said that Pražák (1894d) described this form as Fringilla alpestris.
description: Published as part of Mlíkovský, Jiří, 2011, Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904), pp. 45-68 in Zootaxa 3005 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202788
Hemiarthrus Giard & Bonnier 1887
Creators: name: An, Jianmei
name: Chen, Ruru
name: Paulay, Gustav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Bopyridae
Hemiarthrus

description: Genus Hemiarthrus Giard & Bonnier, 1887
Type species: Hemiarthrus abdominalis (Krøyer, 1840) by monotypy
description: Published as part of An, Jianmei, Chen, Ruru & Paulay, Gustav, 2020, Three new species of abdominal shrimp parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae Hemiarthrinae) from the Indo-West Pacific, pp. 264-274 in Zootaxa 4845 (2) on page 270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4845.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4406601
Xiphocentron (Xiphocentron) chiapasi Wichard, Solórzano, Kraemer & Luer, 2006, new species
Creators: name: Wichard, Wilfried
name: Solórzano, Mónica M.
name: Kraemer
name: Luer, Claus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Xiphocentronidae
Xiphocentron
Xiphocentron chiapasi

description: Xiphocentron (Xiphocentron) chiapasi, new species
Figs. 7–8
This first fossil species of the genus Xiphocentron from Mexico is characterized by the male genitalia and differs from recent species by the pair of long mesal, spines of sternum IX.
Adult. Length of forewing 3.1 mm (holotype), 3.2 mm (paratype). General structure and forewing venation typical for genus (Figs. 7, 8 A). Tibial spurs 2, 4, 3; hind leg with 2 preapical spurs and single, modified apical spur (Fig. 8 D).
Male genitalia (Figs. 8 B, 8C). Sternum IX apically with pair of long mesal spines. Inferior appendage slender, curving evenly dorsad and mesad, inner surface of broad middle section with brush of black setae (characteristic of subgenus Xiphocentron), apical section with elongate spine angled mesad and dorsad; both inferior appendages touch apically (holotype, Fig. 8 B) or intersect at the apical spines (paratype, Fig. 8 C). Phallus slender, tubular, open at apex, extending about 2/3 as far as preanal appendage or inferior appendage.
Holotype male: Embedded in Mexican amber in the collection of G.O. Poinar, Jr., Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, collection no.: TR 2–10. Paratype: Embedded in Mexican amber in the amber collection of the Instituto de Historia Natural y Ecologia, Museum of Paleontology, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, collection no.: IHNFA 0 28, male.
Etymology: Named for the Mexican state where the amber was found.
description: Published as part of Wichard, Wilfried, Solórzano, Mónica M., Kraemer & Luer, Claus, 2006, First caddisfly species from Mexican amber (Insecta: Trichoptera), pp. 37-48 in Zootaxa 1378 on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175015
Syntormon dukha Hollis 1964
Creators: name: Qian, Xingyang
name: Tang, Chufei
name: Wang, Ning
name: Yang, Ding
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dolichopodidae
Syntormon
Syntormon dukha

description: Syntormon dukha Hollis, 1964
Fig. 1 A
Syntormon dukha Hollis, 1964: 93. Type locality: Nepal: Sangu, Taplejung.
Syntormon dukha Hollis, 1964. Yang et al. 2010: 1355.
Diagnosis.
Antenna postpedicel distinctly elongated, 3.0 times longer than wide; arista subapical, as long as postpedicel. First tarsomere of LI with 1 unequal bifurcated ventral spine at base.
Specimens examined.
China: Inner Mongolia, 5 males 5 females, Mount Helan, Huangqukou, 1900 m, 31. VII. 2010, Yan Li (CAU - SYMSYN 001 A 01 - SYMSYN 001 A 10); 1 male 1 female, Mount Jiufeng, Erdaogou, 1400–1500 m, 3. VIII. 2013, Xiao Zhang (CAU - SYMSYN 001 B 01 - SYMSYN 001 B 02); 10 males 8 females (OR 762505), Mount Helan, Halawu, 2000 m, 5. VIII. 2021, Xingyang Qian (IGRCAAS - SYMSYN 1 A 01 - SYMSYN 1 A 18); 1 male 2 females, Hohhot, Xiaojinggou, 1400 m, 22. VIII. 2021, Xingyang Qian (IGRCAAS - SYMSYN 1 B 01 - SYMSYN 1 B 03); 1 male, Chifeng, Heilihe, 1000 m, 19. VII. 2022, Xingyang Qian (IGRCAAS - SYMSYN 1 A 01).
Habitat.
This species was collected in forests (Mount Jiufeng, Mount Helan, Xiaojinggou, Heilihe).
Distribution.
China (Yunnan, Inner Mongolia)
description: Published as part of Qian, Xingyang, Tang, Chufei, Wang, Ning & Yang, Ding, 2024, Syntormon Loew (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from Inner Mongolia, China, with the description of a new species, pp. 143-152 in ZooKeys 1212 on pages 143-152, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1212.119024
Hydrozoa Owen 1834
Creators: name: Galea, Horia R.
name: Di Camillo, Cristina G.
name: Maggioni, Davide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa

description: Class Hydrozoa Owen, 1834
4 “Les gonothèques naissent sur les portions distales de branches ordinaires dont les hydroclades modifiées en rameaux protecteurs et armés de nématothèques (phylactocarpes), sont disposées en verticilles plus ou moins réguliers, enveloppant les gonothèques à la façon d’une corbule (pseudo-corbule)”.
5 “As described by Nutting (1900:75), those of Hippurella annulata, type species of Hippurella, are axillary and by inference unprotected (in being assigned to Antennopsis), while those of H. longicarpa, type species of Antomma, are protected by phylactocarps at the ends of the branches.»
description: Published as part of Galea, Horia R., Di Camillo, Cristina G. & Maggioni, Davide, 2021, An integrative study of Callicarpa gracilis Fewkes, 1881 and Aglaophenia trifida L. Agassiz, 1862, with notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from French Guiana, pp. 301-341 in Zootaxa 4926 (3) on page 303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4926.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4529212
Sinelobinae Sieg 1980
Creators: name: Chim, C. K.
name: Tong, Samantha J. W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Tanaidacea
Tanaididae

description: Key to genera of the subfamily Sinelobinae
1. Body length longer than 7 mm (mature individuals).Antenna articles-2 and 4 with setal tuft. Left mandible lacinia mobilis with two setae. Maxillule endite with nine distal spiniform setae; palp with 13 setae. Pereopod 1 propodus with ten ventral setae. Pereopods 2–6 carpus with 8–12 spiniform setae. Pleopod basal article with ten outer and three inner setae; exopod with 49 outer setae; endopod with 30 outer and 17 inner setae. …………………….................... Parasinelobus Sieg, 1980
- Body length 4 mm or shorter. Antenna articles-2 and -4 without setal tuft. Left mandible lacinia mobilis without seta or with only one seta. Maxillule endite with seven or eight distal spiniform setae; palp with two or three setae. Pereopod 1 propodus with one or three ventral setae. Pereopods 2–6 carpus with 4–8 spiniform setae. Pleopod basal article with six or less outer and one inner setae; exopod with 20–28 outer setae; endopod with 9–14 outer and 1–3 inner setae......................... 2
2. Antenna article-5 at least 0.6 times as long as article-4. Right mandible lacinia mobilis peg-like. Maxillule palp with two setae. Epignath terminal seta short. Cheliped propodus inner margin near dactylus insertion setae simple if present. Pereopod 1 coxa without spiniform seta; propodus without inner seta; dactylus without seta. Pereopods 2–3 terminal articles straight. Pereopods 2–6 carpus with four or five spiniform setae. Pereopod 4–6 claw without dorsal seta. Dorso-transverse setal row on pleonites incomplete. Pleopod basal article with 4–6 outer setae; endopod with only one inner seta. Uropod with four articles; final article at most 0.9 times as long as preceding article................................................ Sinelobus Sieg, 1980
- Antenna article-5 at least 0.1 times as long as article-4. Right mandible lacinia mobilis tooth-like. Maxillule palp with three setae. Epignath terminal seta long. Cheliped propodus inner margin near dactylus insertion setae plumose. Pereopod 1 coxa with spiniform seta; propodus with inner seta; dactylus with seta. Pereopods 2–3 terminal articles claw-like. Pereopods 2–6 carpus with seven or eight spiniform setae. Pereopod 4–6 claw with dorsal seta. Dorso-transverse setal row on pleonites complete. Pleopod basal article with only one outer seta; endopod with two or three inner setae. Uropod with three articles; final article 1.6 times as long as preceding article...................................................... Xenosinelobus n. gen
description: Published as part of Chim, C. K. & Tong, Samantha J. W., 2019, Xenosinelobus balanocolus, a new tanaidid genus and species (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea) from barnacles on intertidal rocky shores and seawalls in the Singapore Strait, pp. 413-427 in Zootaxa 4629 (3) on page 426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3271079
Lophophanes cristatus subsp. brunnescens Prazak
Creators: name: Mlíkovský, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Paridae
Lophophanes
Lophophanes cristatus
Lophophanes cristatus brunnescens pražák

description: Lophophanes cristatus brunnescens Pražák
L[ophophanes] c[ristatus] brunnescens Pražák, 1897e: 347, footnote.
NOW. Parus cristatus mitratus C.L. Brehm, 1831. See Hellmayr (1903: 45) and Hartert (1905: 364). Type series. Same as for Parus rufescens Brehm, 1855.
Remarks. Pražák (1897e: 347, footnote) created L. c. brunnescens as a new replacement name for Parus rufescens Brehm (1855: 243), because he found it preoccupied by Parus rufescens Townsend (1837: 190). By definition, P. brunnescens Pražák has the same type series and type locality as P. rufescens Brehm (Art. 72.7 and Art. 76 of the Code). The type series remains undisclosed, because Brehm (1855: 467) created his rufescens without reference to a specimen and Hartert (1918) and LeCroy (2010) found no relevant specimens in the Brehm Collection (now in the AMNH). The type locality was given as “Mitteldeutschland” (Central Germany) by Brehm (1855: 243).
description: Published as part of Mlíkovský, Jiří, 2011, Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904), pp. 45-68 in Zootaxa 3005 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202788
Cimbrophlebia
Creators: name: Archibald, Bruce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Mecoptera
Cimbrophlebiidae
Cimbrophlebia

description: Cimbrophlebia sp. A.
(Fig. 7 A–C)
Description. Wing as in Fig. 7 A–C, and the following. Length of portion preserved ~ 28 mm (estimated complete> 40 mm, see remarks, below), width ~7.5 mm (preserved portion, not maximum). Colouration as in Fig. 7 A, similar (preserved portion) to C. flabelliformis, C. leahyi; possibly, but less likely C. westae. Sc, R, Rs, M, small basal portions preserved. Cu1, Cu2, 1A: preserved portions generalized as for genus. 2A: six pectinate branches. Crossveins: none detected as preserved.
Material. UCCIPR L-18 F-998 (part), F-1137 (counterpart). Fore- or hind wing, missing apical third and about two thirds of the anterior portion, and a small portion of basal hind margin; in the collection of TRU. Labelled: hypotype, Cimbrophlebia sp. A, Archibald, 2009. Collected by unknown person at McAbee in 2002, donated to TRU by David Langevin, 2002.
Locality and age. McAbee, British Columbia, Canada; Early Eocene.
Remarks. The preserved portions of the wing of C. sp. A indicate that its shape is consistent with that of C. flabelliformis (Fig. 7 C). If so, its complete length would be likely over 40 mm. The width of the preserved portion (not maximum) is ~7.5 mm. By its large size, this is confidently separated from C. flabelliformis [length ~ 28 mm; width 7 mm] and C. westae [length ~ 25 mm, width ~ 6 mm]. The 2A with six pectinate branches preserved separates it from C. bittaciformis [seven branches: three basal branches pectinate, four distal branches dichotomous], from C. leahyi [six branches: two basal branches pectinate, minimum of four dichotomous distal branches], and from C. flabelliformis [four pectinate branches], although not from C. brooksi and C. westae, where 2A is little known by preservation. Cimbrophlebia sp. A apparently has a similar shape as known to C. flabelliformis, C. leahyi and C. westae, which are relatively wide, differing from the narrower wings of C. brooksi and C. bittaciformis (see above). Colouration, when known from a complete wing will surely be informative (see C. flabelliformis remarks above). Better-preserved specimens are needed to clarify supposition that this represents a distinct, separate species.
description: Published as part of Archibald, Bruce, 2009, New Cimbrophlebiidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Early Eocene at McAbee, British Columbia, Canada and Republic, Washington, USA, pp. 51-62 in Zootaxa 2249 on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190747
Hemiarthrus Giard & Bonnier 1887
Creators: name: An, Jianmei
name: Chen, Ruru
name: Paulay, Gustav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Bopyridae
Hemiarthrus

description: Key to 5 species of genus Hemiarthrus (based on females)
1 Pleon with bifurcated end....................................................... H. abdominalis (Krøyer, 1840)
- Pleon ending in a single point........................................................................... 2
2 Pereomeres almost completely fused......................................... H. surculus Boyko & Williams, 2004
- Pereomeres separated.................................................................................. 3
3 Barbula with three pairs of projections......................................................... H. alphei n. sp.
- Barbula with fewer than three pairs of projections........................................................... 4
4 Lateral plates of pleon with distal, hook-like projection.............................. H. nemaocarcini Stebbing, 1914
- Lateral plates of pleon entire, without any projections................................... H. synalphei (Pearse, 1950)
description: Published as part of An, Jianmei, Chen, Ruru & Paulay, Gustav, 2020, Three new species of abdominal shrimp parasites (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae Hemiarthrinae) from the Indo-West Pacific, pp. 264-274 in Zootaxa 4845 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4845.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4406601
Carduelis elegans subsp. hortensis Prazak
Creators: name: Mlíkovský, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Carduelis
Carduelis elegans
Carduelis elegans hortensis pražák

description: Carduelis elegans hortensis Pražák
[Carduelis elegans] hortensis Pražák, 1894d: 83.
NOW. Carduelis carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert (1903: 67).
Remarks. See under Carduelis elegans hortensis (above). Pražák (1894d: 84) did not specify the type locality of C. e. hortensis, but listed "Königsgrätz" [= Hradec Králové, Bohemia; 50.21°N, 15.83°E], "Prager Umgebung" [= "vicinity of Prague"; Prague has been a capitol of Bohemia and its unspecified "vicinity" covers much of Central Bohemia] and "Süd-Böhmen" [= "South Bohemia "] as examples of localities where these birds were common and stated (p. 84) that he personally collected eight specimens on 7 October 1892 at “Maslojed” [= Máslojedy, Bohemia; 50.30°N, 15.77°E]. Considering that Pražák invented such records in many cases and that he did not limit the description of hortensis to these birds, I prefer to consider the whole of Bohemia as the type locality of Carduelis elegans hortensis Pražák. Hartert (1903: 67) incorrectly said that Pražák (1894d) described this form as Fringilla hortensis.
description: Published as part of Mlíkovský, Jiří, 2011, Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904), pp. 45-68 in Zootaxa 3005 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202788
Nemertesia hippuris
Creators: name: Galea, Horia R.
name: Di Camillo, Cristina G.
name: Maggioni, Davide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Plumulariidae
Nemertesia
Nemertesia hippuris

description: Nemertesia hippuris (Allman, 1877)
Fig. A1
Antennopsis hippuris Allman, 1877: 35, pl. 21 figs 3–6 (type species of the genus Antennopsis Allman, 1877).—Fewkes, 1881: 128.—Nutting, 1900: 73, pl. 11 figs 4–6.—Fraser, 1944: 319, pl. 67 fig. 305.
Nemertesia hippuris— Ramil & Vervoort, 2006: 122.
Description. Small and rather delicate colonies, not surpassing 2 inches (ca. 5 cm) in height, arising from a cluster of tubular, stolonal fibers; stems simple, straight, monosiphonic, divided into rather short internodes, each bearing distally a conspicuous cladial apophysis; a couple of axillar nematothecae, and one below the apophysis; the latter are given off irregularly from all sides of the stem; cladia slender, heteromerously divided into hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes; the former with one hydrotheca and 4 nematothecae: one mesial, a couple of laterals, and one above the hydrotheca; ahydrothecate internodes with 2 nematothecae in a row; hydrothecae borne on proximal halves of their corresponding internodes, small, rather deep, cup-shaped, margin entire, not everted; colonies dioecious; gonothecae shortly pedunculate, borne singly in the axils of hydrocladia; presumably male elongated oval, with an oblique terminal orifice; presumably female slipper-shaped with the distal end curved over to one side, and with a subterminal orifice.
Distribution. Off Double-Headed Shot Cays (23°59’50’’ N, 80°19’15’’ W, 356 m), Florida Straits; off Charleston, South Carolina (32°7’ N, 78°37’ W, 419 m); off St. Augustine, Florida (29°47’ N, 80°06’ W, 481 m) [summarized by Nutting (1900)].
description: Published as part of Galea, Horia R., Di Camillo, Cristina G. & Maggioni, Davide, 2021, An integrative study of Callicarpa gracilis Fewkes, 1881 and Aglaophenia trifida L. Agassiz, 1862, with notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from French Guiana, pp. 301-341 in Zootaxa 4926 (3) on page 330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4926.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4529212
Panurus biarmicus subsp. raddei Prazak
Creators: name: Mlíkovský, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Panuridae
Panurus
Panurus biarmicus
Panurus biarmicus raddei pražák

description: Panurus biarmicus raddei Pražák
Panurus biarmicus raddei Pražák, 1897e: 288.
NOW. Panurus biarmicus russicus (C.L. Brehm, 1831). See Hartert (1907a: 405).
Holotype (lost): “ad. 3” [= juv.], collected by Gustav Radde (1831–1903) on 22 April 1886 (NS) at “Astara” [= Astara, Azerbaijan; 38.46°N, 48.88°E]. See Radde (1887: 477).
Remarks. Pražák (1897e: 288) based this form on a specimen erroneously described by Radde (1887: 477– 478) as an adult male, although the plumage agrees with that of a juvenile bird (see also Hartert 1907a: 405). The specimen was in the Radde Collection, but its current whereabouts is unknown.
description: Published as part of Mlíkovský, Jiří, 2011, Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904), pp. 45-68 in Zootaxa 3005 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202788
Arctosa C. L. Koch 1847
Creators: name: Sankaran, Pradeep M.
name: Caleb, John T. D.
name: Sebastian, Pothalil A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Lycosidae
Arctosa

description: Arctosa C.L. Koch, 1847
Type species. Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777), by subsequent designation (Simon 1937).
Diagnosis. For genus description and diagnosis, see Dondale & Redner (1983) and Yoo et al. (2007).
description: Published as part of Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2021, Revision of Indian wolf spiders: I. Genus Arctosa C. L. Koch, 1847 (Araneae Lycosidae, Tricassinae), pp. 489-504 in Zootaxa 4908 (4) on page 490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4447127
Bristowia Reimoser 1934
Creators: name: Nilani Kanesharatnam
name: Suresh p. Benjamin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Bristowia

description: Bristowia Reimoser, 1934
Bristowia Reimoser, 1934: 17, Fgs 1–3. Type species: B. heterospinosa Reimoser, 1934.
Diagnosis
Spiders of this genus are easily distinguishable by the elongated coxa, trochanter and patella of the Frst legs, the peculiar spination of the metatarsus (2 pairs of ventral spines) and tibia I (4 prolateral and 3 retrolateral spines), and the patella and tibia with a ventral fringe of black hairs (Ono et al. 2009; Prószyński 1984; Reimoser 1934; Seo 1986; Szüts 2004). They have a longer prosoma with a thoracic fovea, and pluridentate chelicerae. The structure of the copulatory organs is relatively simple. The male palp has a single procurved retrolateral tibial apophysis, a thin embolus, and a pear-shaped tegulum. The epigynum has large, globular, spermathecae with broad insemination ducts, and a circular hollow copulatory opening (Dobroruka 2004; Ikeda 1995).
Distribution
China, Congo, India, Japan, Korea, Krakatau and Sri Lanka (new record).
description: Published as part of Nilani Kanesharatnam & Suresh p. Benjamin, 2016, Three new generic records and descriptions of four new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 228 on page 3, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.228, http://zenodo.org/record/322370
Dissomphalus latimerus Azevedo 2003, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Azevedo, C. O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus
Dissomphalus latimerus

description: Dissomphalus latimerus sp. nov. (Figs. 88–90)
Description. — Male. Body length 3.0 mm; LFW 2.0 mm. Color: head and mesosoma black; metasoma and clypeus dark castaneous; mandible, antenna, palpi and legs castaneous; wings subhyaline.
Head: mandible tridentate. Clypeus trapezoidal. First four antennal segments in a ratio of 14:5:4:5, segment XI 1.43 X as long as broad. Frons somewhat strongly coriaceous, punctures inconspicuous, shallow, separated by 0.5–1.0 X their diameters. LH 1.0 X WH; WF 0.6 X WH; 1.19 X HE; OOL 1.43 X WOT; DAO 0.43 X WOT; posterior ocelli distant from the vertex crest 1.25 X DAO, frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute. Vertex straight, corners rounded. VOL 0.49 X HE.
Mesosoma: thorax coriaceous as frons. Pronotal disc 0.67 X length of mesoscutum. Propodeal disc 0.62 X as long as wide, with small polished area posteriorly. Fore femur 2.7 X as long as thick.
Metasoma: tergite II with pair of drop­shaped pits, distant each other 4.67 X their length, distant from posterior margin of tergite I 0.33 X their length, closer to the lateral margin than the middle, each pit with high rim, sharpened anteriorly and rounded posteriorly, with tuft of hairs directed backward, pits surrounded by rounded depression, laterally with four distinct setae (Fig. 88). Hypopygium with median stalk 1.47 X as long as plate, posterior margin straight. Genitalia (Figs. 89–90): paramere very wide, apex slightly directed inward; aedeagus with ventral ramus shorter than dorsal body, laminar, surface horizontal, outer and inner margins parallel, apex thin and rounded; dorsal body with two pairs of apical lobes, outer pair laminar, surface convex, apex rounded, inner pair membranous, stout and hairy; apodeme extending beyond the elliptical genital ring.
Material examined. — HOLOTYPE: male, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserve Ducke, 15.IV.1992, glue trap, 1 m, Vidal & Vidal col. (INPA). PARATYPES: BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, 15 males, same data as holotype except 8.IV–17.VII.1992 (INPA); 1 male, Reserve 1208, 1 male, Reserve 1210, 1 male, Reserve 1310, 5.II.1985 – 3.IX.1986, Malaise trap, B. Klein col. (INPA).
Variation. — Surface of ventral ramus of aedeagus twisted.
Etymology. — The specific epithet refers to the width of paramere.
Distribution. — Brazil (Amazonas).
description: Published as part of Azevedo, C. O., 2003, Synopsis of the Neotropical Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 338 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.338.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019741
Eideria Neita & Ocampo
Creators: name: Neita, Jhon Cesar
name: Ocampo, Federico C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Eideria

description: Key to the species of Eideria Neita & Ocampo
1. Antennal club with 5 antennomeres....................................................................... 2
1’. Antennal club with 4 antennomeres............................................ E. pedroantonioi Neita & Ocampo
2. Elytra with 5 striae, striae widely separated; tarsal claws short and thick; parameres without sulcus from base to apex on outer margin, glabrous............................................................. E. glabripenis Neita & Ocampo
2’. Elytra with 8 striae, weakly separated; tarsal claws short and thin; parameres with a sulcus from base to apex on outer margin, setose...................................................................... E. pentaphylla Neita & Ocampo
description: Published as part of Neita, Jhon Cesar & Ocampo, Federico C., 2012, A new genus and three new species of Neotropical Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 41-55 in Zootaxa 3281 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213516
3D Printed Aircraft Competition: Rotary Aircraft
Creators: name: Brames, Nolan
name: Hause, Nathan
name: Thomas, Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: 3D Printing
subject: Aircraft
subject: Maple Seed
subject: 3D Print
subject: Aircraft
subject: Maple Seed
subject: Drone
subject: Quadcopter

description: Each year, the University of Texas at Arlington hosts a 3D-printed aircraft competition with both rotary and fixed-wing categories. For this project, the team has focused on the rotary-wing category, where each team is allotted eight seconds of powered flight with the goal of maximizing the aircraft’s unpowered flight time. The objective of this project was to design, build, and test a small rotary-wing aircraft constructed entirely with 3D printing that operates safely within a 300ft x 160ft x 30ft area while maximizing the aircraft’s unpowered flight time by July 1, 2025, with a budget of $500. To begin this project, the team determined the performance aspects that were to be maximized on the aircraft. This included how the aircraft would be powered, the unpowered descent, the structure of the aircraft, and how the aircraft would be controlled. Models from past years and various rotary aircraft models were explored to form multiple solutions for each performance aspect. The team then discussed the best combination of ideas to maximize the aircraft’s unpowered flight time. Once the team had a basic idea of what was required for the project, a budget and timeline were constructed.
Parus caeruleus subsp. obscurus Prazak
Creators: name: Mlíkovský, Jiří
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Paridae
Parus
Parus caeruleus
Parus caeruleus obscurus pražák

description: Parus caeruleus obscurus Pražák
[Parus caeruleus] obscurus Pražák, 1894f: 246.
NOW. Parus caeruleus obscurus Pražák, 1894. See Hartert (1905: 348, 1907b: 213), Vaurie (1959: 502), Snow (1967: 114), Dickinson (2003: 525) and Dudley et al. (2006: 555).
Syntype. NHMW 10662, collector unknown, collected on 2 July 1887 at Avington, England. Obtained from R. B. Sharpe in 1891.
Syntype. NHMW 10663, 3, collector and date unknown [= prior to 1892] at Avington, England. Obtained from R. B. Sharpe in 1891.
Remarks. Pražák (1894f: 246) stated that he studied “eine Reihe englischer Exemplare” (“a series of English specimens”), without designating the holotype. Only two relevant specimens were available to Pražák prior to 1895, which thus represent the syntypes of P. c. obscurus. All other specimens may have existed only in Pražák’s mind.
Pražák (1894f: 246) did not specify the type locality of P. c. obscurus, but both syntypes were collected at Avington, England. R. Prÿs-Jones (in litt. 2010) observed that here are two villages of this name in England, one in Berkshire [51.40°N, 01.47°W] and the other in Hampshire [51.09°N, 01.24°W]. The Hampshire Avington was the seat of the English ornithologist George Ernest Shelley (1840–1910) and the place where Shelley and R. B. Sharpe collected many birds during 1871–1886 (Sharpe 1906: 477; R. Prÿs-Jones, in litt. 2010). I agree with Prÿs-Jones (in litt. 2010) that it is thus “quite certain that the specimens came from Avington, Hampshire”. I thus restrict the type locality to the latter place. Clancey (1948: 108) erroneously believed that Pražák’s types did not survive and restricted the type locality to the “Lake District, England ” (see also Vaurie 1959: 502; Snow 1967: 114), which is an invalid action (Art. 76 of the Code).
description: Published as part of Mlíkovský, Jiří, 2011, Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of bird taxa (Aves) described by an ornithological swindler, Josef Prokop Pražák (1870 – 1904), pp. 45-68 in Zootaxa 3005 on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202788
Cimbrophlebia brooksi Archibald, 2009, sp. n.
Creators: name: Archibald, Bruce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Mecoptera
Cimbrophlebiidae
Cimbrophlebia
Cimbrophlebia brooksi

description: Cimbrophlebia brooksi, sp. n.
(Figs. 4A –D, 5)
Diagnosis. Wing distinguished from those of other Cimbrophlebia species by the following: 1), Shape: narrow, length about five times width separates it from wider wings of C. leahyi, C. westae, C. flabelliformis [length about four times width], (C. bittaciformis similarly slender); 2), Colouration: distinct from that of C. flabelliformis, C. westae, C. bittaciformis, C. leahyi (see descriptions, C. flabelliformis remarks, Figs. 1 A; 2A, B; 4A, C; 6A, C; 7A).
Description: holotype wing. As in diagnosis, Figs. 4A–B, and the following. Length ~ 31 mm long as preserved (incomplete, basal portion missing), 7 mm wide. Colouration as in Fig. 4A, above. Membrane rugose, except possibly in apical portion. Sc as for genus. Rs with five branches, Rs1, Rs2 both branched apicad pterostigmal region, Rs3+4 apparently not branched. M apparently with four branches, but region poorly preserved. Cu, Cu1, Cu2, 1A poorly, fragmentarily preserved. 2A: with four branches evident, most likely more branches. 3A: not preserved. Crossveins: none detected.
Paratype wing. As in diagnosis, Fig. 4 C–D, 5, and the following. Length ~ 38 mm as preserved, width not reliably measurable. Colouration as in Fig. 4 C, as in holotype, except more completely preserved (cf. Fig. 4A, C). Membrane rugose, except possibly in apical portion. Sc: Sc1 as for genus, Sc2 not preserved. R1 poorly preserved. Rs with four branches detected, region poorly preserved. Veins posteriad poorly, fragmentarily, or not preserved. Crossveins: none detected.
Type material. Holotype: SR 062005 A, B, part and counterpart. A well-preserved fore- or hind wing, missing basal portions; housed at SR; labelled: Holotype Cimbrophlebia brooksi, Archibald, 2009. Collected by Karl Volkman at Republic locality B4131, June 2006. Paratype: SR990405, part only. A mostly wellpreserved fore- or hind wing, but posterior region indistinct; housed at SR; labelled: Paratype Cimbrophlebia brooksi, Archibald, 2009. Collected by Caleb Brooks at Republic locality B4131, October 1999.
Locality and age. Republic, Washington, USA, University of Washington / Burke Museum locality B4131; Early Eocene.
Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym formed from the surname of Caleb Brooks, the collector of the paratype specimen, recognizing his generosity in this donation to SR.
Remarks. The rugose membrane of much of the wings of C. brooksi (Fig. 5) is not mentioned as present in C. bittaciformis by Willmann (1977) nor seen in his figures, nor on the wings of C. sp. A or C. flabelliformis. It is found in C. leahyi, and C. westae, however.
description: Published as part of Archibald, Bruce, 2009, New Cimbrophlebiidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Early Eocene at McAbee, British Columbia, Canada and Republic, Washington, USA, pp. 51-62 in Zootaxa 2249 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190747
Characidium Armbruster & Lujan & Bloom 2021
Creators: name: Armbruster, Jonathan W.
name: Lujan, Nathan K.
name: Bloom, Devin D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Characiformes
Crenuchidae
Characidium

description: KEY TO SPECIES OF THE FAST-WATER CHARACIDIUM OF THE GUIANA SHIELD
1a. Twelve circumpeduncular scales. Dorsal fin falcate with a medial dark band and terminal white band (Figs. 4, 5). Origin of adipose fin centered at vertical above insertion of posteriormost anal-fin ray (Figs. 4, 5). Pectoral fin uniformly dark or peripherally dark with lighter center. Proximal dentary and
premaxillary teeth wide and tri- to pentacuspid (central cusp longest) _________ Characidium crandellii
1b. Ten circumpeduncular scales. Dorsal fin only slightly concave along distal margin and with two or more thin dark bands (Figs. 7, 8, 10–12). Origin of adipose fin at vertical over center of anal-fin base or more anterior. Pectoral fin light with at least one (usually two or three) dark bands made of separate elongate spots (Figs. 7, 8, 10–12). Proximal dentary and premaxillary teeth narrow, peg-like, tricuspid, but only central cusp conspicuous ___________________________________ 2
2a. Pelvic fin with two unbranched rays. Pectoral fin with four unbranched rays (Fig. 1B) _________________________________ _____________________________________________ C. duplicatum, new species
2b. Pelvic fin with one unbranched ray. Pectoral fin with three unbranched rays (Fig. 1A) ______________________________ 3
3a. Dorsal coloration consisting of prominent saddles that extend to a faint midlateral stripe that may appear as a series of blotches (stripe most prominent in preserved specimens). No accessory bars between saddles. Ventral portion of sides with few, rectangular to square blotches that do not extend dorsal to midlateral stripe (Figs. 7, 8) _________________ C. declivirostre
3b. Dorsal saddles not prominent in adults, and usually confluent with thin bands from below midlateral stripe, which is usually demarcated by a faint stripe made of zig-zag lines with the stripe most prominent in smaller individuals. Thin bars also present in lighter interspaces between saddles, some of which extend below midlateral stripe (Figs. 11, 12). Ventral portion of sides with numerous narrow bars that extend above midlateral stripe (in juveniles, only some bars may continue dorsal to midlateral stripe; Figs. 11, 12) ____ C. wangyapoik, new species
description: Published as part of Armbruster, Jonathan W., Lujan, Nathan K. & Bloom, Devin D., 2021, Redescription of the Guiana Shield Darter Species Characidium crandellii and C. declivirostre (Crenuchidae) with Descriptions of Two New Species, pp. 102-122 in Ichthyology & Herpetology 109 (1) on page 120, DOI: 10.1643/i2019299, http://zenodo.org/record/7846669
Hereditary fibrinogen disorders: toward a tailored management
Creators: name: Casini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2019
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616
Fibrinogène
Afibrinogénémie
Dysfibrinogénémie
Hypofibrinogénémie
Thrombose
Saignement

description: Les anomalies héréditaires du fibrinogène sont un ensemble rare de maladies de la coagulation, caractérisées entre autres par une large variabilité génétique et un spectre phénotypique varié. Dans ce travail nous parcourons d'abord l'épidémiologie des mutations causatives à l'origine de ces anomalies. Tout en rappelant ensuite les caractéristiques cliniques et biologiques, nous décrivons les principes de la classification des différents sous-types d'anomalies du fibrinogène basée à la fois sur le phénotype biologique et clinique. Dans la dernière partie, en résumant les données récentes, nous traçons quelques lignes directives pour la prise en charge des patients dans différentes situations cliniques. Enfin, nous décrivons les méthodes d'analyse fonctionnelle présentes et futures permettant de décrire un phénotype intermédiaire afin de proposer une prise en charge plus individuelle.
Dissomphalus rufipalpis Kieffer 1910
Creators: name: Azevedo, C. O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus
Dissomphalus rufipalpis

description: Dissomphalus rufipalpis Kieffer, 1910
Dissomphalus rufipalpis Kieffer 1910b: 44–45, 1914b: 496, 500, Evans 1962: 69, 74–75, 1964: 46, Gordh & Moczar 1990: 225, Azevedo 1999c: 944–945.
Dissomphalus obliquus Evans 1979: 277, 278, 279–280; Gordh & Moczar, 1990: 224, Azevedo 1999c: 944 (designation of synonymy).
This species ranges from Mexico to Colombia (Azevedo, 1999c). Here, some more specimens from Panama are added.
Material examined. — PANAMA, Veraguas, Parq. Nac. Coiba, Isla Coiba, 2 males, Cerro La Equis, 120–130m, 12.III–4.VIII.1998; 1 male, Isla Colbita, 29.VII–4.VIII.1998, Fortunas; 1 male, Cont. Chiriqui, B. Toro, 1070–1090m, 8–11.IV.1999; 1 male, Comarca Kuna Yala, Ustupu, Rio Abudi, 6–12.XII.1999; Chiriqui, 1 male, Renacimiento, Bajo Union, 6.II.1994; Panama, 1 male, Parq. Nac. Metropolitano, 24.VIII–3.XI.1999; 1 male, Chilbre, Parq. Nac. Chagres, Campo Chagres, 24–28.I.2000, yellow pan trap or Malaise trap, A. Rodrigues, R. Cambra, A. Santos & P. Gonzalez col. (MUIP).
description: Published as part of Azevedo, C. O., 2003, Synopsis of the Neotropical Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 338 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.338.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019741
Dissomphalus strabus Azevedo 2003, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Azevedo, C. O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus
Dissomphalus strabus

description: Dissomphalus strabus sp. nov. (Figs. 100–103)
Description. — Male. Body length 3.00 mm; LFW 2.75 mm. Color: body and clypeus black; metasoma, clypeus and antenna dark castaneous, scape lighter; mandible, antenna, palpi and legs light castaneous; wings subhyaline.
Head: mandible bidentate. Clypeus tridentate, median carina high and straight in profile. First four antennal segments in a ratio of 16:8:8:7, segment XI 1.8 X as long as broad. Frons somewhat strongly coriaceous, punctures inconspicuous. Eyes bulging with sparse long hairs. LH 0.98 X WH; WF 0.6 X WH; 1.38 X HE; OOL 1.2 X WOT; DAO 0.35 X WOT; posterior ocelli distant from the vertex crest 1.0 X DAO, frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute. Vertex near straight, corners rounded. VOL 0.59 X HE.
Mesosoma: thorax less coriaceous as frons. Pronotal disc 0.39 X length of mesoscutum. Propodeal disc 0.8 X as long as wide, with polished area posteriorly. Fore femur 3.1 X as long as thick.
Metasoma: tergite II with pair of rounded and shallow depression, distant each other 0.6 X their diameter, touching the posterior margin of tergite I, each depression with pit with high rim and tuft of hairs, both slightly directed each other, space between the depression slightly flattened (Fig. 100). Hypopygium with posterior margin straight. Genitalia (Figs. 101–102): paramere wide, apex slightly directed inward, dorsal margin slightly convex, ventral margin slightly concave; volsella with cuspis with apex truncate; aedeagus with ventral ramus shorter than dorsal body, laminar, surface horizontal, each apex with two rami, the inner ramus membranous, wide with apical margin inclined and straight, inner corner sharpened, outer ramus thin with rounded apex; dorsal body with two pairs of apical lobes (Fig. 103), the outer thin with apex sharpened strongly angled downward, inner margin with large and triangular basal expansion, inner pair longer than outer pair, membranous, stout and hairy; apodeme extending beyond the elliptical genital ring.
Material examined. — HOLOTYPE: male, PANAMA, Fortuna, Cont. Chiriqui, B. Toro, 1070–1090m, 8–11.IV.1999, Malaise trap, R. Cambra & A. Santos col. (MUIP). PARATYPES: PANAMA, 5 males, same data as holotype (MUIP).
Variation. — Median carina of clypeus not so high, depression of metasomal tergite II deeper, pits more directed each other.
Comments. — Fore wings nearly as long as the body.
Etymology. — The specific epithet refers to tergal processes directed inward.
description: Published as part of Azevedo, C. O., 2003, Synopsis of the Neotropical Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 338 (1) on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.338.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5019741
Hippurella annulata Allman 1877
Creators: name: Galea, Horia R.
name: Di Camillo, Cristina G.
name: Maggioni, Davide
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Plumulariidae
Hippurella
Hippurella annulata

description: Hippurella annulata Allman, 1877
Fig. A2
Hippurella annulata Allman, 1877: 36, pl. 21 figs 7, 8.
Antennopsis annulata— Nutting, 1900: 75, pl. 12 figs 7–9.—Fraser, 1944: 318, pl. 66 fig. 303.
Antennopsis ramosa Fewkes, 1881: 133, pl. 3 fig. 3.—Stephens & Calder, 2010: 271.
Description. Colonies up to 15 cm high, arising from a dense bundle of tubular filaments; stem fascicled throughout, giving rise to monosiphonic, (sub)opposite to alternate side branches, pinnately-set proximally, irregularly arranged distally around the stem; branches divided into rather long internodes, each bearing a nematotheca proximally, and a latero-distal cladial apophysis; axil with conical mamelon and a pair of axillar nematothecae; cladia alternate on the side branches; set in one plane proximally, but surrounding the branches on all sides distally and, there, either scattered or regularly verticillate; heteromerously divided into alternating long, hydrothecate and short, ahydrothecate internodes; two intranodal septa, one proximal, the other distal; hydrothecate internodes with a hydrotheca and its complement of 3 nematothecae, one mesial and a pair of laterals; hydrothecae deep, thimble-shaped, with slightly everted margin, rim even; ahydrothecate internodes with single nematothecae; gonothecae arising singly from the axils of hydrocladia, fusiform, with a somewhat bottle-shaped neck.
Remarks. Type material was destitute of a gonosome, but Nutting (1900) found a fertile specimen “among the Albatross material from the West Indies”.
Distribution. Off Pacific Reef, Florida (ca. 25°22’ N, 80°08’ W, 517 m); off Charleston, South Carolina (32°7’ N, 78°37’ W, 419 m); off Beaufort, North Carolina (34°39’ N, 75°33’ W, 195 m) [summarized by Nutting (1900)]. FIGURE A2. Hippurella annulata Allman, 1877. A. Whole colony. B. Portion of stem with proximal parts of two consecutive hydrocladia. C. Cladial apophysis. D. Portion of cladium. E. Detail of a hydrotheca. F. Distal part of a branch with gonothecae. Modified after Allman (1877) (A, B), Fewkes (1881, as Antennopsis ramosa) (C), and Nutting (1900, as Antennopsis annulata) (D–F).
description: Published as part of Galea, Horia R., Di Camillo, Cristina G. & Maggioni, Davide, 2021, An integrative study of Callicarpa gracilis Fewkes, 1881 and Aglaophenia trifida L. Agassiz, 1862, with notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from French Guiana, pp. 301-341 in Zootaxa 4926 (3) on page 331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4926.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4529212
Habrocestum Simon 1876
Creators: name: Nilani Kanesharatnam
name: Suresh p. Benjamin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Habrocestum

description: Genus Habrocestum Simon, 1876
Habrocestum Simon, 1876: 132, pl. 11, Fg. 8f. Type species Habrocestum pullatum Simon, 1876.
Diagnosis
Small spiders. Prosoma longer than abdomen and broader behind PLEs. Anterior portion Fat, extending over 75–87% of prosomal length, posterior much steeper and slightly truncated (Prószyński 2003). Short eye Feld. Third eye row located on the edges of prosoma. Chelicerae with two teeth on promargin and single bicuspid tooth on retromargin. Abdomen rounded or oval in shape, narrower than prosoma, with a pair of large white spots and chevrons posteriorly (Prószyński 2003), fused medially in most species, dorsal view of cymbium with large, round spot of white scales (Fig. 2 C). Third and fourth legs longer (tibia plus patella III ± tibia plus patella IV), femora III longer than others (Richman 1981). Palp with single tibial apophysis which is hook shaped in most species. Bulbus elongated. Shape of embolus species speciFc, variable in length and originating under the tegulum. Conductor present or absent (Wunderlich 2008). Epigynum with small pocket-like sclerotized vaginal roof and shallow notch at posterior edge near epigastric furrow. Copulatory openings large, located laterally along the midlength of epigyne. Large, transverse and membranous white “window”, with translucent dark internal structures, very complicated consisting of large channels running anteriorly and then reversing back, passing into spermathecae with thick walls connected by soft channels (Prószyński 2003). Some species with distinct accessory glands. Fertilization ducts narrow, originating from top of receptacles.
Distribution
Algeria, Congo, East Africa, Eastern Mediterranean to Near East, Ethiopia, France, Greece (incl. Crete), Hong Kong, Israel, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Socotra, Solomon Island, South Africa, Libya, Pakistan, Spain, Tanzania, Turkey, Western Australia, Yemen, Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka (new record).
description: Published as part of Nilani Kanesharatnam & Suresh p. Benjamin, 2016, Three new generic records and descriptions of four new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 228 on page 9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.228, http://zenodo.org/record/322370