cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using Economics to Explain Spatial Diversity in a Wheat Crop: Examples from Australia and China
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Meng, Erika C.H.
name: Brennan, John P.
name: Hu, Ruifa
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Meng, Erika C.H.
name: Brennan, John P.
name: Hu, Ruifa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Spatial diversity indicators may serve an important function for policymakers as they seek to manage crop genetic diversity and potential externalities associated with diffusion of some types of genetically improved crops. This paper adapts spatial diversity indices employed by ecologists in the study of species diversity to area distributions of modern wheat varieties in contrasting production systems of Australia and China. The variation in three interrelated concepts of diversity "richness, abundance, and evenness" is explained by factors related to the demand and supply of varieties, agroecology, and policies using the econometric method of Zellner's seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). Results suggest that in addition to expected yield and profitability, other variety characteristics are important in explaining variation in the spatial distribution of modern wheat varieties. Environmental factors and policy variables related to the supply of varieties, international research spillins, and market liberalization are also determinants of the diversity in these systems. Explanatory factors affect richness, abundance and evenness in the distribution of modern wheat varieties in different ways. Comparing results between a small, commercial wheat-producing shire in Australia and a large, heterogeneous area in seven provinces of China illustrates the importance of scale and the nature of the farming system. Further research might include: (1) refinement of methods used to construct spatial diversity indices by incorporating geographically-referenced information; (2) more explicit treatment of the relationship between scale of measurement and diversity indices; (3) refinements in the specification of policy variables, and (4) application of similar methods in zones where traditional varieties are grown.
What Prevents Internal Gravity Waves From Disturbing the Solar Uniform Rotation?
Creators: name: Denissenkov, Pavel A.
name: Pinsonneault, Marc
name: MacGregor, Keith B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Internal gravity waves (IGWs) are naturally produced by convection in stellar envelopes, and they could be an important mechanism for transporting angular momentum in the radiative interiors of stars. Prior work has established that they could operate over a short enough time scale to explain the internal solar rotation as a function of depth. We demonstrate that the natural action of IGWs is to produce large scale oscillations in the solar rotation as a function of depth, which is in marked contrast to the nearly uniform rotation in the outer radiative envelope of the Sun. An additional angular momentum transport mechanism is therefore required, and neither molecular nor shear-induced turbulent viscosity is sufficient to smooth out the profile. Magnetic processes, such as the Tayler-Spruit dynamo, could flatten the rotation profile. We therefore conclude that IGWs must operate in conjunction with magnetic angular momentum transport processes if they operate at all. Furthermore, both classes of mechanisms must be inhibited to some degree by mean molecular weight gradients in order to explain the recent evidence for a rapidly rotating embedded core in the Sun.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
Key role of the moire potential for the quasi-condensation of interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Lagoin, Camille
name: Dubin, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interlayer excitons confined in bilayer heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer a promising route to implement two-dimensional dipolar superfluids. Here, we study the experimental conditions necessary for the realisation of such collective state. Particularly, we show that the moire potential inherent to TMD bilayers yields an exponential increase of the excitons effective mass. To allow for exciton superfluidity at sizeable temperatures it is then necessary to intercalate a high-$κ$ dielectric between the monolayers confining electrons and holes. Thus the moire lattice depth is sufficiently weak for a superfluid phase to theoretically emerge below a critical temperature of around 10 K. Importantly, for realistic experimental parameters interlayer excitons quasi-condense in a state with finite momentum, so that the superfluid is optically inactive and flows spontaneously.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Food Security and Biofuels Development: The Case of China
Creators: name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Dong, Fengxia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biofuels
subject: Food security
subject: China

description: Biofuels production is expanding rapidly all over the world, driven by rising crude oil prices, the desire of countries to be energy independent, and concerns about climate change. As developed countries, especially the United States, are expanding biofuels production, developing countries are expanding their biofuels industries as well, to power their growing economies. However, developing countries must address the food security issue when they develop biofuels. As China is a developing country with rapid economic growth, population growth, significant demand for fuels, and food security concerns, it serves as a good example for studying the opportunities and challenges faced by developing countries under current conditions. This study analyzes the background, history, and current situation of biofuels development in China. Some implications for developing countries are also provided.
Geometric Entropies of Mixing (EOM)
Creators: name: Lavenda, B. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trigonometric and trigonometric-algebraic entropies are introduced. Regularity increases the entropy and the maximal entropy is shown to result when a regular $n$-gon is inscribed in a circle. A regular $n$-gon circumscribing a circle gives the largest entropy reduction, or the smallest change in entropy from the state of maximum entropy which occurs in the asymptotic infinite $n$ limit. EOM are shown to correspond to minimum perimeter and maximum area in the theory of convex bodies, and can be used in the prediction of new inequalities for convex sets. These expressions are shown to be related to the phase functions obtained from the WKB approximation for Bessel and Hermite functions.
description: 5 pages
(A)symmetric Tachyon Rolling in de Sitter Spacetime: A universe devoid of Planck density
Creators: name: Singh, Harvendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper we studied rolling tachyon flat FRW cosmologies, but those admitting only time-reversal asymmetric boundary conditions. The time-reversal symmetric cosmologies have been studied by Sen previously. We show explicitly here that through appropriate choice of initial conditions, the time evolution of the Hubble parameter in these two types of solutions can be made completely identical for $t>0$, except near $t=0$. The rolling tachyon solution also gives rise to necessary inflation. We find that universe does start as a string size object (with string scale $10^{15} GeV$) with a string mass density $\simeq 10^{78} gm. cm^{-3}$ and not with Planck density.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures; V2 major change in sec-4 & references added; V3 sec-4 is further enlarged (more figures)
Collider Signals of Baryogenesis and Dark Matter from $B$ Mesons: A Roadmap to Discovery
Creators: name: Alonso-Álvarez, Gonzalo
name: Elor, Gilly
name: Escudero, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-scale baryogenesis could be discovered at $B$-factories and the LHC. In the $B$-Mesogenesis paradigm [G. Elor, M. Escudero, and A. E. Nelson, PRD 99, 035031 (2019), arXiv:1810.00880], the CP violating oscillations and subsequent decays of $B$ mesons in the early Universe simultaneously explain the origin of the baryonic and the dark matter of the Universe. This mechanism for baryo- and dark matter genesis from $B$ mesons gives rise to distinctive signals at collider experiments, which we scrutinize in this paper. We study CP violating observables in the $B^0_q-\bar{B}_q^0$ system, discuss current and expected sensitivities for the exotic decays of $B$ mesons into a visible baryon and missing energy, and explore the implications of direct searches for a TeV-scale colored scalar at the LHC and in meson-mixing observables. Remarkably, we conclude that a combination of measurements at BaBar, Belle, Belle II, LHCb, ATLAS and CMS can fully test $B$-Mesogenesis.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, 5 appendices. v2: Major update. Thanks to our referee, we have found and analyzed and old ALEPH search for b-decays with large missing energy which leads to relevant new constraints on the parameter space. The discussion of the implications of CP violation measurements has also been improved. Main conclusions remain unchanged. v3: Fixed typos. Matches published version
Synchrony of limit-cycle oscillators induced by random external impulses
Creators: name: Nakao, H.
name: Arai, K.
name: Nagai, K.
name: Tsubo, Y.
name: Kuramoto, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of phase synchronization between uncoupled limit-cycle oscillators induced by common external impulsive forcing is analyzed. By reducing the dynamics of the oscillator to a random phase map, it is shown that phase synchronization generally occurs when the oscillator is driven by weak external impulses in the limit of large inter-impulse intervals. The case where the inter-impulse intervals are finite is also analyzed perturbatively for small impulse intensity. For weak Poissonian impulses, it is shown that the phase synchronization persists up to the first order approximation.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Light Bending as a Probe of the Nature of Dark Energy
Creators: name: Finelli, Fabio
name: Galaverni, Matteo
name: Gruppuso, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the bending of light for static spherically symmetric (SSS) space-times which include a dark energy contribution. Geometric dark energy models generically predict a correction to the Einstein angle written in terms of the distance to the closest approach, whereas a cosmological constant $Λ$ does not. While dark energy is associated with a repulsive force in cosmological context, its effect on null geodesics in SSS space-times can be attractive as for the Newtonian term. This dark energy contribution may be not negligible with respect to the Einstein prediction in lensing involving clusters of galaxies. Strong lensing may therefore be useful to distinguish $Λ$ from other dark energy models.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. References added, final version appeared in Physical Review D
Possibility to study a two-proton halo in $^{17}$Ne
Creators: name: Grigorenko, L. V.
name: Parfenova, Yu. L.
name: Zhukov, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclide $^{17}$Ne is studied theoretically in a three-body $^{15}$O+$p$+$p$ model. We demonstrate that the experimental condition for existence of a proton halo in $^{17}$Ne can be reasonably quantified in terms of $s/d$ configuration mixing. We discuss experimental evidences for a proton halo in $^{17}$Ne. We define which kind of experimental data could elucidate this issue.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Erratum to Measurement of $σ(p \bar p \to Z) \cdot Br(Z \to ττ)$ at $\bm{\sqrt{s}=}$1.96 TeV, published in Phys. Rev. D {71}, 072004 (2005)
Creators: name: Abazov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A change in estimated integrated luminosity (from 226 pb$^{-1} to 257 pb$^{-1}$ leads to a corrected value for ${σ(p \bar p \to Z) \cdot}$Br${(Z \to ττ)}$ of $209\pm13(stat.)\pm16(syst.)\pm13(lum) pb.
Local states of free bose fields
Creators: name: De Bievre, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P05, 81T10

description: These notes contain an extended version of lectures given at the ``Summer School on Large Coulomb Systems'' in Nordfjordeid, Norway, in august 2003. They furnish a short introduction to the theory of quantum harmonic systems, or free bose fields. The main issue addressed is the one of local states. I will adopt the definition of Knight of ``strictly local excitation of the vacuum'' and will then state and prove a generalization of Knight's Theorem which asserts that finite particle states cannot be perfectly localized. It will furthermore be explained how Knight's a priori counterintuitive result can be readily understood if one remembers the analogy between finite and infinite dimensional harmonic systems alluded to above. I will also discuss the link between the above result and the so-called Newton-Wigner position operator thereby illuminating, I believe, the difficulties associated with the latter. I will in particular argue that those difficulties do not find their origin in special relativity or in any form of causality violation, as is usually claimed.
Collective excitation of Bose-Einstein condensates in the transition region between 3D and 1D
Creators: name: Kottke, M.
name: Schulte, T.
name: Cacciapuoti, L.
name: Hellweg, D.
name: Drenkelforth, S.
name: Ertmer, W.
name: Arlt, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the frequency of the low m=0 quadrupolar excitation mode of weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates in the transition region from the 3D to the 1D mean-field regime. Various effects shifting the frequency of the mode are discussed. In particular we take the dynamic coupling of the condensate with the thermal component at finite temperature into account using a time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov treatment developed in [S. Giorgini, Phys. Rev. A 61, 063615 (2000)]. We show that the frequency rises in the transition from 3D to 1D, in good agreement with the theoretical prediction [C. Menotti and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 66, 043610 (2002)].
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
In-plane anisotropy of spin excitations in the normal and superconducting states of underdoped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$
Creators: name: Hinkov, V.
name: Bourges, P.
name: Pailhes, S.
name: Sidis, Y.
name: Ivanov, A.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Chen, D. P.
name: Keimer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed inelastic neutron scattering study of the in-plane anisotropy of magnetic excitations in twin-free YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.6}$ ($T_c =$ 61 K) reveals that the spin excitation spectra in the superconducting and normal states are qualitatively different. Below $T_c$, the spectrum consists of upward- and downward-dispersing branches with modest in-plane anisotropy merging at an energy $E_{res} =$ 37.5 meV. In the normal state, the singularity at $E_{res}$ disappears, and the spectrum exhibits a steep dispersion with a strongly anisotropic in-plane geometry. These data have important implications for models based on static or dynamic "stripe" order of spins and charges.
description: New version with no changes of the contents, but now all figures in .EPS
Higher-order simplicial synchronization of coupled topological signals
Creators: name: Ghorbanchian, Reza
name: Restrepo, Juan G.
name: Torres, Joaquín J.
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simplicial complexes capture the underlying network topology and geometry of complex systems ranging from the brain to social networks. Here we show that algebraic topology is a fundamental tool to capture the higher-order dynamics of simplicial complexes. In particular we consider topological signals, i.e., dynamical signals defined on simplices of different dimension, here taken to be nodes and links for simplicity. We show that coupling between signals defined on nodes and links leads to explosive topological synchronization in which phases defined on nodes synchronize simultaneously to phases defined on links at a discontinuous phase transition. We study the model on real connectomes and on simplicial complexes and network models. Finally, we provide a comprehensive theoretical approach that captures this transition on fully connected networks and on random networks treated within the annealed approximation, establishing the conditions for observing a closed hysteresis loop in the large network limit.
description: (17 pages, 6 figures)
Three-body resonant radiative capture reactions in astrophysics
Creators: name: Grigorenko, L. V.
name: Zhukov, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the formalism based on the S-matrix for $3 \to 3$ scattering to derive the direct three-body resonant radiative capture reaction rate. Within this formalism the states, which decay only/predominantly directly into three-body continuum, should also be included in the capture rate calculations. %The results obtained indicate that some theoretical calculations are %incomplete. Basing on the derivation, as well as on the modern experimental data and theoretical calculations concerning $^{17}$Ne nucleus, we significantly update the reaction rate for $^{15}$O($2p$,$γ$)$^{17}$Ne process in explosive environment. We also discuss possible implementations for the $^{18}$Ne($2p$,$γ$)$^{20}$Mg, $^{38}$Ca($2p$,$γ$)$^{40}$Ti, and $^4$He($nα$,$γ$)$^{9}$Be reactions.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Lambda-Baryon Production in pi(+-)n Interactions
Creators: name: Arakelyan, G. H.
name: Merino, C.
name: Shabelski, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of Lambda-baryon production in pi-p collisions is considered. The contribution of the string-junction mechanism to the strange baryon production in meson-baryon scattering is anlysed. The results of numerical calculations in the framework of the Quark-Gluon String model are in reasonable agreement with the data.
description: 10 pages and 5 figues
El caudillo de la tercera posición. Aproximaciones a la cultura de la derecha peronista (1973-1975)
Creators: name: Simonetto, Patricio
Publisher: name: Sociedad y Discurso
Year: 2015

description: El Caudillo fue un semanario publicado entre 1973-1975. Estuvo emparentado con la llamada “derecha peronista”, fundamentalmente con la Alianza Anticomunista Argentina (AAA). El artículo tiene por objeto un análisis de la publicación lejos del hermetismo textualista. Para ello se propone rastrear las condiciones sociales de su enunciación en sus artículos, publicidad e ilustraciones, colocando a esta fuente escrita como una vía de acceso a la cultura de estos actores políticos.
description: Sociedad y Discurso, No 26 (2014)
El narcocorrido mexicano: ¿la violencia como discurso identitario?
Creators: name: Héau-Lambert, Catherine
Publisher: name: Sociedad y Discurso
Year: 2015

description: Frente a los intentos de contención y censura de los narcocorridos por parte de las autoridades so pretexto de incitación a la violencia y al consumo de drogas, este trabajo propone una explicación diferente de su función y eficacia propia. Su punto de partida es la enorme difusión y la recepción masiva de este género musical principalmente entre los jóvenes urbanos marginados, y su objetivo central explicarlas desde una perspectiva antropológica, no por su contenido particular, sino por su contexto de recepción, por su relativa continuidad con la tradición cultural mexicana de los corridos de valientes, y, sobre todo, por su función de “discurso oculto” que permite expresar oblicuamente la rebelión de los jóvenes frente a su situación de marginación y de malestar social.
description: Sociedad y Discurso, No 26 (2014)
Proton-proton interaction in constituent quarks model at LHC energies
Creators: name: Bondarenko, S.
name: Levin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the soft processes at LHC energies in the framework of the Constituent Quark Model (CQM). We show that this rather naive model is able to describe all available soft data at lower energies and to predict the behavior of the total cross section, elastic and diffractive cross sections at the LHC energy. It turns out that the ''input'' Pomeron, which has been used in this approach, has parameters that are close to so called ''hard'' Pomeron with rather large intercept $Δ\approx 0.12$ and small value of the slope $α'_P \approx 0.08 GeV^{-2}$. We show that the elastic amplitude has a minimum at impact parameter $b =0$ and a maximum at $b \approx 2 GeV^{-1}$. Such a behavior is a result of overlapping the parton clouds that belong to different quarks in the hadron.
description: 31 pages, 21 figures
Development of the eNanoMapper ontology and usability within the nanosafety domain
Creators: name: Rieswijk, Linda
name: Oosterwijk, Thies
name: Hastings, Janna
name: Ehrhart, Friederike
name: Evelo, Chris
name: Willighagen, Egon
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: The FP7 EU-funded eNanoMapper project aims to develop computational solutions to support the challenge of human risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials. These solutions could support the design of new, safe and environment-friendly engineered nanomaterials as well as the assessment of existing materials. One of the focuses of the eNanomapper project is on the development and dissemination of a comprehensive ontology for the nanosafety domain. This ontology aims to encompass all information related to the characterization of nanomaterials, as well as information describing relevant experimental paradigms, biological and toxicological interactions and safety indications relevant for these. In close collaboration with the NanoSafety Cluster, the eNanoMapper project aims to develop a common language, which is based on the re-usage of existing ontologies (e.g. NanoParticle Ontology, BioAssay Ontology, Experimental Factor Ontology) together with specialized engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnology vocabularies and definitions, which have been described by several national and international standardization committees (e.g. the International Organization for Standardization, Joint Research Centre). The current work describes the development of the eNanoMapper ontology (http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/ENM) and will focus on the reusing and slimming of existing ontologies, the editing performed with OWL in Protégé and the addition of new terms using an Issue Tracker on GitHub. Currently the online version of the eNanoMapper ontology consists of 4592 classes and 183 individuals. A case study will be presented, involving the mapping of specialized terms from a database to existing URIs, which have been retrieved from the EU-funded NANoREG project. Only a limited number of the specialized terms could be mapped to URIs present in the first release of the eNanoMapper ontology. One reason for this limited overlap was the lack of matching terms found in the ontology sources re-used within the eNanoMapper ontology. Therefore, additional ontology sources needed to be added to the current version of the ontology (resulting in release 2 containing 6690 classes). In addition, specialized terms originating from the database schema in some cases had to be mapped to multiple URIs. Therefore new URIs needed to be added to and classified within the current version of the eNanoMapper ontology. In a later stage of the project this ontological vocabulary will be used to allow more improved dedicated search queries.
NP-complete Problems and Physical Reality
Creators: name: Aaronson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Can NP-complete problems be solved efficiently in the physical universe? I survey proposals including soap bubbles, protein folding, quantum computing, quantum advice, quantum adiabatic algorithms, quantum-mechanical nonlinearities, hidden variables, relativistic time dilation, analog computing, Malament-Hogarth spacetimes, quantum gravity, closed timelike curves, and "anthropic computing." The section on soap bubbles even includes some "experimental" results. While I do not believe that any of the proposals will let us solve NP-complete problems efficiently, I argue that by studying them, we can learn something not only about computation but also about physics.
description: 23 pages, minor corrections
Masses of the $QQ\bar Q\bar Q$ tetraquarks in the relativistic diquark--antidiquark picture
Creators: name: Faustov, R. N.
name: Galkin, V. O.
name: Savchenko, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Masses of the ground-state teraquarks composed from heavy $c$ and $b$ quarks and antiquarks are calculated in the diquark-antidiquark picture in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach. The quasipotentials of the quark-quark and diquark-antidiquark interactions are constructed similarly to the previous consideration of mesons and baryons. It is assumed that the diquark and antidiquark interact in the tetraquark as a whole and the internal structure of the diquarks is taken into account. All such tetraquarks are found above the thresholds of decays to two heavy quarkonia. This is a result of the consideration of the diquark not to be a point-like object. Therefore such tetraquarks can be observed as broad structures decaying dominantly to quarkonia. The broad structure next to the di-$J/ψ$ mass threshold, recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration, can correspond to the ground $2^{++}$-state tetraquark consisting of four charm quarks.
description: 12 pages, references added, published version
Top pair production at ultra-high energies
Creators: name: Okorokov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The top quark, the heaviest quark and, indeed, the heaviest elementary particle known today, constitutes a novel probe of the long-lived medium in quark-gluon phase which, as expected, can be produced even in light nuclei collisions at ultra-high energies. Some distinctive features are considered for particle production in the top sector in ultra-high energy domain. The antitop-top pair production is studied within the quantum chromodynamics and effective field theory approach used for calculations of total partonic cross sections. Predictions for all observables are computed at NNLO in quantum chromodynamics and at LO in effective field theory. These quantitative results can be important for both the future collider experiments at center-of-mass energy frontier and the improvement of the phenomenological models for development of the cosmic ray cascades in ultra-high energy domain. Thus the study allows the better understanding of heavy particle production and emphasizes the exciting interrelation between the high-energy physics on accelerators and ultra-high energy cosmic ray measurements.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. 5th International conference on particle physics and astrophysics (ICPPA2020). Moscow, Russia, October 5-9, 2020
Analytical Bounds for Dynamic Multi-Channel Discrimination
Creators: name: Harney, Cillian
name: Pirandola, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The ability to precisely discriminate multiple quantum channels is fundamental to achieving quantum enhancements in data-readout, target detection, pattern recognition, and more. Optimal discrimination protocols often rely on entanglement shared between an incident probe and a protected idler-mode. While these protocols can be highly advantageous over classical ones, the storage of idler-modes is extremely challenging in practice. In this work, we investigate idler-free block protocols based on the use of multipartite entangled probe states. In particular, we focus on a class of idler-free protocol which uses non-disjoint distributions of multipartite probe states irradiated over multi-channels, known as dynamic discrimination protocols. We derive new, analytical bounds for the average error probability of such protocols in a bosonic Gaussian channel setting, revealing idler-free strategies that display performance close to idler-assistance for powerful, near-term quantum sensing applications.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures. Close to accepted version
Large-scale tonal issues in Maurice Ravel’s Histoires Naturelles
Creators: name: Metz, Andreas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Maurice Ravel's music is enigmatic in that it is deeply rooted in the tonal tradition, yet exhibits several features that can also be found in early atonal music. To analyze his music exclusively with the analytic tools of tonal theory or those of pitch class set theory can therefore be only partially fruitful. To invent an entirely new set of tools to confront his compositions, however, may isolate the music from its historical context and contribute little to our understanding of how it participated in the profound changes that the music of its time underwent. It is the aim of this paper to provide the reader with a set of tools that is not only satisfying from an analytic point of view, but also music-historically justifiable. Robert Mueller's concept of the "tonal pillar," which is slightly extended and modified in this study, when combined with quasi-Schenkerian graphing and traditional harmonic analysis, offers a viable means to deal with Ravel's early music, if not Impressionist music in general. The following five analyses of the five songs from Ravel's song cycle Histoires Naturelles demonstrate the effectiveness of such an approach in disclosing some of Ravel's compositional objectives.
Stochastic gravitational-wave background in quantum gravity
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
name: Kuroyanagi, Sachiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among all cosmological quantum-gravity or quantum-gravity-inspired scenarios, only very few predict a blue-tilted primordial tensor spectrum. We explore five of them and check whether they can generate a stochastic gravitational-wave background detectable by present and future interferometers: non-local quantum gravity, string-gas cosmology, new ekpyrotic scenario, Brandenberger-Ho non-commutative inflation and multi-fractional spacetimes. We show that non-local quantum gravity is unobservable, while all the other models can reach the strain sensitivity of DECIGO but not that of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA, LISA or Einstein Telescope. Other quantum-gravity models with red-tilted spectra (most loop quantum cosmologies) or with exceptionally tiny quantum corrections (Wheeler-DeWitt quantum cosmology) are found to be non-detectable.
description: 1+41 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. v2: minor typos corrected, clarifications added
Evidence for a Weak Galactic Center Magnetic Field from Diffuse Low Frequency Nonthermal Radio Emission
Creators: name: LaRosa, T. N.
name: Brogan, C. L.
name: Shore, S. N.
name: Lazio, T. J.
name: Kassim, N. E.
name: Nord, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New low-frequency 74 and 330 MHz observations of the Galactic center (GC) region reveal the presence of a large-scale ($6\arcdeg\times 2\arcdeg$) diffuse source of nonthermal synchrotron emission. A minimum energy analysis of this emission yields a total energy of $\sim (ϕ^{4/7}f^{3/7})\times 10^{52}$ ergs and a magnetic field strength of $\sim 6(ϕ/f)^{2/7}$ \muG (where $ϕ$ is the proton to electron energy ratio and $f$ is the filling factor of the synchrotron emitting gas). The equipartition particle energy density is $1.2(ϕ/f)^{2/7}$ \evcm, a value consistent with cosmic-ray data. However, the derived magnetic field is several orders of magnitude below the 1 mG field commonly invoked for the GC. With this field the source can be maintained with the SN rate inferred from the GC star formation. Furthermore, a strong magnetic field implies an abnormally low GC cosmic-ray energy density. We conclude that the mean magnetic field in the GC region must be weak, of order 10 \muG (at least on size scales $\ga 125\arcsec$).
description: 12 pages, 1 JPEG figure, uses aastex.sty; Accepted for publication, ApJL (2005, published)
Probing lepton number violating interactions in rare kaon decays
Creators: name: Deppisch, Frank F.
name: Fridell, Kåre
name: Harz, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility to probe lepton number violating (LNV) operators in the rare kaon decay $K\toπνν$. Performing the analysis in the Standard Model effective field theory with only light active Majorana neutrinos, we determine the current limits on the corresponding LNV physics scale from the past E949 experiment at BNL as well as the currently operating experiments NA62 at CERN and KOTO at J-PARC. We focus on the specific signature of scalar currents in $K\toπνν$ arising from the LNV nature of the operators and study the effect on the experimental sensitivity, stressing the need for dedicated searches for beyond the SM currents. We find that the rare kaon decays probe high operator scales $Λ_\text{LNV} \approx 15$ to $20$ TeV in different quark and neutrino flavours compared to neutrinoless double beta decay. Furthermore, we comment that the observation of LNV in kaon decays can put high-scale leptogenesis under tension. Finally, we discuss the connection with small radiatively generated neutrino masses and show how the severe constraints therefrom can be evaded in a minimal ultraviolet-complete scenario featuring leptoquarks.
description: 42 pages, 10 figures
Electroproduction of two light vector mesons in the next-to-leading approximation
Creators: name: Ivanov, D. Yu.
name: Papa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the amplitude for the forward electroproduction of two light vector mesons in next-to-leading order BFKL. This amplitude is written as a convolution of two impact factors for the virtual photon to light vector meson transition with the BFKL Green's function. It represents the first next-to-leading order amplitude ever calculated for a collision process between strongly interacting colorless particles.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
On the construction of model Hamiltonians for adiabatic quantum computation and its application to finding low energy conformations of lattice protein models
Creators: name: Perdomo, Alejandro
name: Truncik, Colin
name: Tubert-Brohman, Ivan
name: Rose, Geordie
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this report, we explore the use of a quantum optimization algorithm for obtaining low energy conformations of protein models. We discuss mappings between protein models and optimization variables, which are in turn mapped to a system of coupled quantum bits. General strategies are given for constructing Hamiltonians to be used to solve optimization problems of physical/chemical/biological interest via quantum computation by adiabatic evolution. As an example, we implement the Hamiltonian corresponding to the Hydrophobic-Polar (HP) model for protein folding. Furthermore, we present an approach to reduce the resulting Hamiltonian to two-body terms gearing towards an experimental realization.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures
Optical quantum communication complexity in the simultaneous message passing model
Creators: name: Marwah, Ashutosh
name: Touchette, Dave
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The communication cost of a classical protocol is typically measured in terms of the number of bits communicated for this determines the time required for communication during the protocol. Similarly, for quantum communication protocols, which use finite-dimensional quantum states, the communication cost is measured in terms of the number of qubits communicated. However, in quantum physics, one can also use infinite-dimensional states, like optical quantum states, for communication protocols. Communication cost measures based on counting the (equivalent) number of qubits transmitted during communication cannot be directly used to measure the cost of such protocols, which use infinite-dimensional states. Moreover, one cannot infer any physical property of infinite-dimensional protocols using such qubit based communication costs. In this paper, we provide a framework to understand the growth of physical resources in infinite-dimensional protocols. We focus on optical protocols for the sake of concreteness. The time required for communication and the energy expended during communication are identified as the important physical resources of such protocols. In an optical protocol, the time required for communication is determined by the number of time-bin modes that are transmitted from one party to another. The mean photon number of the messages sent determines the energy required during communication in the protocol. We prove a lower bound on the tradeoff between the growth of these two quantities with the growth of the problem size. We call such tradeoff relations optical quantum communication complexity relations.
description: v2 is the version to be published in PRA; Minor changes have been made from v1
Direct evaluation of large-deviation functions
Creators: name: Giardina', Cristian
name: Kurchan, Jorge
name: Peliti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a numerical procedure to evaluate directly the probabilities of large deviations of physical quantities, such as current or density, that are local in time. The large-deviation functions are given in terms of the typical properties of a modified dynamics, and since they no longer involve rare events, can be evaluated efficiently and over a wider ranges of values. We illustrate the method with the current fluctuations of the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process and with the work distribution of a driven Lorentz gas.
description: Updated version, extensively revised. One new figure
title: Cu Electrodeposition on Nanostructured MoS₂ and WS₂ and Implications for HER Active Site Determination
Creators: name: Wu, Longfei
name: Dzade, Nelson Y.
name: Chen, Ning
name: Dijk, Bas van
name: Balasubramanyam, Shashank
name: Sharma, Akhil
name: Gao, Lu
name: Hetterscheid, Dennis G. H.
name: Hensen, Emiel J. M.
name: Bol, Ageeth A.
name: De Leeuw, Nora H.
name: Hofmann, Jan P.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: Cu electrodeposition in both underpotential and overpotential regimes on nanostructured MoS₂ and WS₂ prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition has been studied in detail. A combination of electrochemical methods, advanced characterization by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as well as theoretical modelling were employed to reveal Cu adsorption modes on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) from initial stages until bulk deposition. Since Cu UPD on TMDs has been used recently to evaluate the number of electrochemically active sites (NAS) for H₂ evolution reaction, we evaluate and discuss here the implications of the Cu electrodeposition phenomena on nanostructured MoS₂ and WS₂ gauging the general applicability of the Cu UPD method for number of HER active sites determination in TMDs. Although an apparently better correlation of HER current density with Cu UPD charge than with double layer capacitance is found, the Cu UPD method cannot be used quantitatively because of the absence of a clear H UPD phenomenon on the studied nanostructured TMDs. This is in contrast to platinum group metal catalysts where H UPD and Cu UPD sites are strongly correlated.
Stability of scalar perturbations in scalar-torsion $f(T,ϕ)$ gravity theories in the presence of a matter fluid
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Espinoza, Manuel
name: Otalora, Giovanni
name: Saavedra, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the viability conditions for the absence of ghost, gradient and tachyonic instabilities, in scalar-torsion $f(T,ϕ)$ gravity theories in the presence of a general barotropic perfect fluid. To describe the matter sector, we use the Sorkin-Schutz action and then calculate the second order action for scalar perturbations. For the study of ghost and gradient instabilities, we found that the gravity sector keeps decoupled from the matter sector and then applied the viability conditions for each one separately. Particularly, we verified that this theory is free from ghost and gradient instabilities, obtaining the standard results for matter, and for the gravity sector we checked that the corresponding speed of propagation satisfies $c_{s,g}^2=1$. On the other hand, in the case of tachyonic instability, we obtained the general expressions for the mass eigenvalues and then evaluated them in the scaling matter fixed points of a concrete model of dark energy. Thus, we found a space of parameters where it is possible to have a stable configuration respecting the constraints from the CMB measurements and the BBN constraints for early dark energy. Finally, we have numerically corroborated these results by solving the cosmological equations for a realistic cosmological evolution with phase space trajectories undergoing scaling matter regimes, and then showing that the system presents a stable configuration throughout cosmic evolution.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures, accepted version for publication in JCAP
SPECIES II. Stellar parameters of the EXPRESS program giant star sample
Creators: name: Soto, Maritza G.
name: Jones, Matias I.
name: Jenkins, James S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of the search for planets around evolved stars, we can understand planet populations around significantly higher-mass stars than the Sun on the main sequence. This population is difficult to study any other way, particularly with radial-velocities since these stars are too hot and rotate too fast to measure precise velocities. Here we estimate stellar parameters for all of the giant stars from the EXPRESS project, which aims to detect planets orbiting evolved stars, and study their occurrence rate as a function of stellar mass. We analyse high resolution echelle spectra of these stars, and compute the atmospheric parameters by measuring the equivalent widths for a set of iron lines, using an updated method implemented during this work. Physical parameters are computed by interpolating through a grid of stellar evolutionary models, following a procedure that carefully takes into account the post-MS evolutionary phases. Probabilities of the star being in the red giant branch (RBG) or the horizontal branch (HB) are estimated from the derived distributions. Results: We find that, out of 166 evolved stars, 101 of them are most likely in the RGB phase, while 65 of them are in the HB phase. The mean derived mass is 1.41 and 1.87 Msun for RGB and HB stars, respectively. To validate our method, we compared our results with interferometry and asteroseismology studies. We find a difference in the radius with interferometry of 1.7%. With asteroseismology, we find 2.4% difference in logg, 1.5% in radius, 6.2% in mass, and 11.9% in age. Compared with previous spectroscopic studies, and find a 0.5% difference in Teff, 1% in logg, and 2% in [Fe/H]. We also find a mean mass difference with respect to the EXPRESS original catalogue of 16%. We show that the method presented here can greatly improve the estimates of the stellar parameters for giant stars compared to what was presented previously.
description: 24 pages, 17 figures, 15 tables, accepted by A&A
A quantum weak energy inequality for the Dirac field in two-dimensional flat spacetime
Creators: name: Dawson, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fewster and Mistry have given an explicit, non-optimal quantum weak energy inequality that constrains the smeared energy density of Dirac fields in Minkowski spacetime. Here, their argument is adapted to the case of flat, two-dimensional spacetime. The non-optimal bound thereby obtained has the same order of magnitude, in the limit of zero mass, as the optimal bound of Vollick. In contrast with Vollick's bound, the bound presented here holds for all (non-negative) values of the field mass.
description: Version published in Classical and Quantum Gravity. 7 pages, 1 figure