cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Migration and the plurality of ethnic boundary work: A qualitative interview study of naming practices of migrants from former Yugoslavia in Germany
Creators: name: Drewski, Daniel
name: Tuppat, Julia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ethnic boundaries
subject: migration
subject: former Yugoslavia
subject: name giving
subject: cosmopolitanism
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Most research on migration and ethnic boundaries is concerned with boundaries between a specific migrant minority and the ‘majority society’ in the destination country. However, migrant groups are not homogenous; within-group boundaries that are relevant in their context of origin may also play a role in the host context. Focusing on migrants from former Yugoslavia, we analyse the relevance of ethnic boundaries between Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats in Germany. We do so by interpreting migrant parents’ practices of first-name giving as instances of ethnic boundary work. In the case of migrants from former Yugoslavia, first names are a salient marker of ethnic affiliation. Based on 22 semi-structured interviews, we distinguish between three types of ethnic boundary work based on first-name giving. ‘Particularists’ wish to express their ethnic affiliation via first names, and they maintain ethnic boundaries both towards the German majority society as well as other ethnic groups from former Yugoslavia. In contrast, ‘cosmopolitans’ reject names with specific ethnic references and base their choice on personal taste, often opting for international names, thereby rejecting ethnic boundaries towards other former Yugoslav groups. Finally, ‘negotiators’ stand in between. They blur boundaries towards the German majority society, but maintain boundaries towards other ex-Yugoslav ethnic groups. Overall, we find that ex-Yugoslav migrants’ strategies of ethnic boundary work are shaped by a multiplicity of reference groups, not just the relationship with the German majority society.
Faint Stars in a Faint Galaxy: II. The Low Mass Stellar Initial Mass Function of the Boötes I Ultrafaint Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Creators: name: Filion, Carrie
name: Platais, Imants
name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
name: Kozhurina-Platais, Vera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents improved constraints on the low-mass stellar initial mass function (IMF) of the Boötes I (Boo~I) ultrafaint dwarf galaxy, based on our analysis of recent deep imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope. The identification of candidate stellar members of Boo~I in the photometric catalog produced from these data was achieved using a Bayesian approach, informed by complementary archival imaging data for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Additionally, the existence of earlier-epoch data for the fields in Boo~I allowed us to derive proper motions for a subset of the sources and thus identify and remove likely Milky Way stars. We were also able to determine the absolute proper motion of Boo~I, and our result is in agreement with, but completely independent of, the measurement(s) by \textit{Gaia}. The best-fitting parameter values of three different forms of the low-mass IMF were then obtained through forward modeling of the color-magnitude data for likely Boo~I member stars within an approximate Bayesian computation Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The best-fitting single power-law IMF slope is $α= -1.95_{-0.28}^{+0.32}$, while the best-fitting broken power-law slopes are $α_1 = -1.67_{-0.57}^{+0.48}$ and $α_2 = -2.57_{-1.04}^{+0.93}$. The best-fitting lognormal characteristic mass and width parameters are $\rm{M}_{\rm{c}} = 0.17_{-0.11}^{+0.05} \cal M_\odot$ and $σ=0.49_{-0.20}^{+0.13}$. These broken power-law and lognormal IMF parameters for Boo~I are consistent with published results for the stars within the Milky Way and thus it is plausible that Bo{ö}tes I and the Milky Way are populated by the same stellar IMF.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, 3 appendices. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Revolution From Above? Female Directors' Equality-Related Actions in Organizations
Creators: name: Kirsch, Anja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: boards of directors
subject: gender
subject: inequality
subject: organizational change
subject: social identity theory
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Drawing on interviews with women and men who serve on the supervisory boards of German stock-listed companies, this qualitative study examines why some female directors seek to augment gender equality in their organizations while others do not. Those who take action do so both in formal board processes and in informal settings. A sense of belonging to women as a social group and a sense of responsibility for women in the organization are key factors in explaining why some female directors contribute to gender equality. In addition, the study highlights the relevance of a board culture supportive of gender equality and positive expectations by other organizational members about female directors' role in advancing gender equality. Board chairs influence how supportive female directors perceive the organizational context to be. Where the organizational context is not seen as supportive, those who take equality-related action anyway are experienced directors. Surprisingly, the presence of other women on the board does not appear to be related to whether or not female directors take action. Examining female directors' actions and paying close attention to both their identities and their specific organizational settings shows how the interplay between social identity and situational opportunities and constraints affects board behavior.
Feminist Solidarities and Coalitional Identity: The Popular Feminism of the Marcha das Margaridas
Creators: name: Motta, Renata
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Women’s movements
subject: Rural unions
subject: Identity politics
subject: Coalitions
subject: Popular feminism
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: The Marcha das Margaridas is a mass mobilization in Brazil led by women’s organizations within rural unions in alliance with other social movements and nongovernmental organizations, including transnational partners such as the World March of Women. The main political subjects are rural working women, a political identity that articulates gender, class, and urban-rural inequalities. These are foundational for the popular feminism of the Marcha. An examination of the Marcha das Margaridas guided by a theoretical discussion of poststructural feminism and postcolonial feminism on the role of political identities in building coalitions reveals that it expands the agenda of popular feminism in its relationship to historical feminist agendas and intersectional feminisms and in its coalition politics with men and the left.
description: A Marcha das Margaridas é uma mobilização de massa no Brasil liderada por organismos de mulheres dentro de sindicatos rurais em aliança com outros movimentos sociais e organizações não governamentais (ONGs), incluindo parceiros transnacionais como a Marcha Mundial das Mulheres. Os principais sujeitos políticos são as mulheres trabalhadoras rurais, uma identidade política que articula as desigualdades de gênero, classe e urbano-rurais. Estes são fundamentais para o feminismo popular da Marcha. Um estudo da Marcha das Margaridas guiado por uma discussão teórica do feminismo pós-estrutural e do feminismo pós-colonial sobre o papel das identidades políticas na construção de coalizões revela que ela expande a agenda do feminismo popular em sua relação com agendas feministas históricas e feminismos intersetoriais, como também em sua coalizão política com os homens e a esquerda.
Neo-colonial penality? Travelling penal power and contingent sovereignty
Creators: name: Stambøl, Eva Magdalena
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: contingent sovereignty
subject: European Union
subject: Kwame Nkrumah
subject: neo-colonial penality
subject: penal aid
subject: penal power
subject: Sahel
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: The article explores the relevance of neo-colonial theory for criminology, and its contribution to understanding why and how penal policy and models travel from the global North to the global South. An empirical example is employed to review arguments for and against ‘penal neo-colonialism’ and to tease out the theory’s strengths and limitations; namely the European Union’s ‘penal aid’ to shape West African countries’ penal policies and practices to stop illicit flows and irregular mobility to Europe. The article further discusses neo-colonial theory’s concepts of agency, power and sovereignty by comparing them to similar poststructuralist perspectives on the ‘contingent sovereignty’ of ‘governance states’. Moreover, by drawing on a theoretical discussion on statehood in African studies, it looks at how the sovereignty of African states has been conceptualized as hollowed out ‘from above’ as well as ‘from below’. In doing so, the article contributes to a recent criminological debate that has problematized the relationship between (travelling) penal power and state sovereignty.
title: A lattice QCD study of nucleon structure with physical quark masses
Creators: name: Hasan, Nesreen
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2020

description: In this work, we compute various nucleon structure observables using the lattice regularization of quantum chromodynamics, lattice QCD. Our calculations are performed using 2 + 1-flavor ensembles with clover-improved Wilson fermions and cover three sets of observables:
 The first set includes the computation of nucleon isovector axial, scalar, and tensor charges. In particular, we focus on controlling the unwanted contributions from excited states. Those charges quantify the coupling of nucleons to quark-level interactions and play an important role in the analysis of the Standard Model and Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics.
 The second set of observables includes the nucleon charge and axial radii measured using a new and model-independent approach. We developed this approach to enable the computation of the nucleon radii directly at zero momentum transfer and avoid the systematic uncertainty originating from the large extrapolation commonly included in the conventional methods used for measuring quantities like the nucleon charge radius. Systematic errors of this kind have been proposed as a possible explanation of the radius puzzle which refers to the > 5σ discrepancy between the experimental electronic and muonic determinations of the charge radius of the proton.
 We perform the calculations of the nucleon charges and radii on two gauge ensembles at the physical pion mass and with different lattice spacings.
 The last set of our calculation is devoted to measuring the nucleon axial form factors. This calculation includes both quark-connected and -disconnected diagrams, which allows us to determine the up, down, and strange form factors. This calculation is done using a single ensemble with pion mass 317 MeV.
Supermassive Black Hole and Broad-line Region in NGC~5548: Results from Five-season Reverberation Mapping
Creators: name: Lu, Kai-Xing
name: Bai, Jin-Ming
name: Wang, Jian-Min
name: Hu, Chen
name: Li, Yan-Rong
name: Du, Pu
name: Xiao, Ming
name: Feng, Hai-Cheng
name: Li, Sha-Sha
name: Wang, Jian-Guo
name: Zhang, Zhi-Xiang
name: Huang, Ying-Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 5548 is one of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected for our long-term spectroscopic monitoring with the Lijiang 2.4~m telescope, aiming at investigating the origin and evolution of the broad-line regions (BLRs), accurately measuring the mass of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs), and understanding structure and evolution of the AGN. We have performed five-season observations for NGC~5548 with the median sampling interval ranging from 1.25 to 3 days. The light curves of the 5100~Å continuum and broad emission lines are measured after subtracting contamination of the host galaxy starlight. The time lags of the broad He~{\sc ii}, He~{\sc i}, H$γ$, and H$β$ lines with respect to the 5100~Å continuum are obtained for each season and their mean time lags over the five seasons are 0.69, 4.66, 4.60, 8.43 days, respectively. The H$γ$ and H$β$ velocity-resolved lag profiles in the seasons of 2015, 2018, 2019, and 2021 are constructed, from which an ``M-shaped'' structure is found in 2015 but disappears after 2018. Our five-season reverberation mapping (RM) yields an averaged virial SMBH mass of $M_\bullet/10^7M_\odot=14.22$, with a small standard deviation of $1.89$. By combining the previous 18 RM campaigns and our five-season campaign for NGC~5548, we find that there exists a time lag of 3.5~years between the changes in the BLR size and optical luminosity. In addition, we also construct the BLR radius$-$luminosity relation and the virial relation for NGC~5548.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
title: On Shape Calculus with Elliptic PDE Constraints in Classical Function Spaces
Creators: name: Bittner, Laura
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2020

description: In this thesis we develop a functional analytic framework for shape optimization with elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) constraints in classical function spaces (Hölder spaces). This approach is motivated by shape optimization problems, which are subjected to linear elasticity constraints and involve a special class of shape functionals which calculate the failure rate of a mechanically loaded device w.r.t. the component shape. These objectives are ill-defined for H1-solutions of the state equation and the shape derivatives are not defined for H1-material derivatives. Thus, the resulting optimal reliability problems can not be solved by the already existing methods of shape calculus. We develop a general concept on Banach and Hilbert spaces which is based on parameter depending variational equations, classical PDE Solutions, Schauder estimates and compact embeddings and which allows to transfer differentiability in lower Banach space topologies to higher ones. We apply this framework to the linear elasticity equation and its variational formulation, given that the domain is transformed according to the speed method. We prove the existence of material and local shape derivatives in Hölder spaces, the existence of shape derivatives and derive adjoint equations. We also give a classification of the L2-shape gradient w.r.t. its regularity and its potential to sustain the domain regularity along a descent flow.
Science Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: Introduction
Creators: name: Kunkel, Söenke
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cold War
subject: global science
subject: international contemporary history
subject: new diplomatic history
subject: science diplomacy
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::900 Geschichte::909 Weltgeschichte

description: Setting the stage for the special forum, this introduction points to the centrality of science diplomacy activities within many current foreign policy concepts around the world. It also points to the lack of historical perspective within many current academic debates about science diplomacy. Suggesting the value of such a perspective, the introduction then draws attention to a number of fruitful contributions that histories of science diplomacy may make to contemporary history. These include: a better understanding of how entanglements between science, foreign policy, and international relations evolved over the twentieth century; a refined understanding of the workings of foreign relations and diplomacy that sheds light on the role of science as an arena of foreign relations; new insights into the Cold War; a globalizing of perspectives in the writing of contemporary history; a new international focus on widely under-researched actors like universities, science movements, science organizations, and science academies; a focus on new themes that range from global environmental problems to issues like cultural heritage. The remainder of the introduction then delineates some of the shared assumptions and findings of the essays and then briefly introduces each contribution to the special section.
Data Science in Statistics Curricula: Preparing Students to "Think with Data"
Creators: name: Hardin, Johanna
name: Hoerl, Roger
name: Horton, Nicholas J.
name: Nolan, Deborah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A growing number of students are completing undergraduate degrees in statistics and entering the workforce as data analysts. In these positions, they are expected to understand how to utilize databases and other data warehouses, scrape data from Internet sources, program solutions to complex problems in multiple languages, and think algorithmically as well as statistically. These data science topics have not traditionally been a major component of undergraduate programs in statistics. Consequently, a curricular shift is needed to address additional learning outcomes. The goal of this paper is to motivate the importance of data science proficiency and to provide examples and resources for instructors to implement data science in their own statistics curricula. We provide case studies from seven institutions. These varied approaches to teaching data science demonstrate curricular innovations to address new needs. Also included here are examples of assignments designed for courses that foster engagement of undergraduates with data and data science.
Moral Exposures, Public Appearances: Contested Presences of Non-Normative Sex in Pandemic Berlin
Creators: name: Probst, Ursula
name: Schnepf, Max
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: gay sex
subject: sex work
subject: urban space
subject: biopolitics
subject: public health
subject: normativity
subject: sexual subjects
subject: media
subject: digitalisation
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Since its reunification, Berlin has regained its reputation as a sexually liberal European metropolis, offering spaces and infrastructures for non-normative sex to become present in the cityscape. However, with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and the concomitant measures to contain its spread, sexual practices and their open display have become highly contested and subject to increased regulation. In this article, we attend to sex work and casual sex among gay men, who, both historically and at present, have been placed under particular public scrutiny and moralised (health) governance. Yet, non-normative sex did not vanish from the city during the pandemic, but (re-)appeared in the form of both moralising media exposure and politically motivated public appearances. Attending to the intersections and divergences within these shifting presences of casual gay sex and sex work, we highlight how the biopolitical governance of pandemic sex has been evaded, contested and incorporated into efforts to normalise certain sexual activities. We therefore conclude that the pandemic had ambivalent effects on non-normative sexual practices in Berlin. It contributed to a further politicisation in the fight for their place in the city and to the (re-)emergence of normative assumptions about the respectable sexual subject for and within communities centred around non-normative sexual practices.
Collaborative Playlist-Making: Musical Interaction via Digitally Mediated Co-Curation
Creators: name: Harris, Ilana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: musical interaction
subject: collaborative playlist
subject: perspective-taking
subject: self-other merging
subject: remote music-making
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Collaborative playlist-making (CPM), a form of music co-curation where two or more people select and order recordedmusic together, is a form of group musical engagement that has recently risen to prominence among musicians and nonmusicians in the general population. This paper presents CPM as a form of technologically mediated group musical engagement and informs researchers as to how CPM and its constituent behaviors may be studied in relation to other forms of musical engagement, particularly group music-making. In addition, specific psychological processes expected to be elicited by CPM - self-other merging, cognitive perspective-taking, and shared intentionality - are explicated in an effort to evince how CPM may give rise to socio-cognitive transfer effects in line with Goldman’s reconstructive route to empathy. The main purpose of this paper is to promote music psychologists’ study of CPM to probe how musical interaction occurring within everyday contexts can harness music’s potential to facilitate communication and bring about social benefits.
Connected to the spirit of the frog: An Internet-based survey on Kambô, the secretion of the Amazonian Giant Maki Frog (Phyllomedusa bicolor): Motivations for use, settings and subjective experiences
Creators: name: Majić, Tomislav
name: Sauter, Meike
name: Bermpohl, Felix
name: Schmidt, Timo T.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Kambô
subject: Giant Maki Frog
subject: Sapo
subject: Amazonas
subject: Phyllomedusa bicolor
subject: alternative medicine
subject: motivation
subject: psychedelic
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background/aim: Kambô is a name for the secretion of the Giant Maki Frog (Phyllomedusa bicolor), which has been used by indigenous cultures from the Amazonas basin and has recently become popular in alternative healing circles in Western countries, with a certain overlap with psychedelic self-exploration. Methods: We carried out an online-based survey in English (54.92%) and German investigating motivations for using Kambô, settings in which rituals take place, and subjective experiences during and after the application. Results: Participants (n = 386, mean age: 38.08 years, (standard deviation = 9.95)) were well-educated individuals with an increased lifetime prevalence of the use of ayahuasca (67.88%). A plethora of motivations for using Kambô was reported, including general healing, detoxification and spiritual growth. Acute effects included severe physical reactions and mild psychoactive effects, most surprisingly, the feeling of being connected to the frog’s spirit (41.97%), whereas predominantly positive persisting psychological effects were reported. Few participants reported long-lasting physical (2.85%) or mental (1.81%) health problems which they attributed to Kambô. Of the participants, 87.31% reported an increase in personal well-being or life satisfaction, and 64.26% considered Kambô to have been at least of ‘very much’ spiritual significance for their lives. Conclusions: The majority of users claimed beneficial effects including more health-orientated behaviors, whereas only very few participants complained about new health problems which they ascribed to Kambô. In retrospect, Kambô was given a high personal and spiritual significance by many participants. Additional research is needed to determine in how far reported effects are modulated by setting and subjective expectations.
Toxic remains: Infrastructural failure in a Ugandan molecular biology lab
Creators: name: Calkins, Sandra
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: toxicity
subject: infrastructure
subject: postcolonial technoscience
subject: molecular biology
subject: Uganda
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: This article complicates romances of infrastructural improvisation by describing infrastructural failures that expose researchers to hazardous chemicals in a Ugandan molecular biology lab. To meet project deadlines, to make careers and to participate in transnational collaborative projects, Ugandan biologists have to stand in for decaying or absent infrastructures with their bodies. Ugandan biologists hide such sacrifices from their international scientific partners and direct the blame elsewhere. An unclear culpability results precisely from the ways in which power works and is distributed across transnational scientific infrastructures.
title: Ανάπτυξη επιχειρηματικού πλάνου επιχειρήσεων μαζικής εστίασης
title: Business plan for franchise company
Creators: name: Λαβιδας Χαραλαμπος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Διαμόρφωση επιχειρηματικού πλάνου με σκοπό η οικογενειακή επιχείρηση <<Ανθέων>> όπου ανήκει στο κλάδο της μαζικης εστίασης να εξελιχθεί σε εταιρία μαζικής εστίασης αξιοποιώντας τον θεσμό της δικαιόχρησης εξαπλώνοντας τα καταστήματα της σε όλη την Αττική.
description: Formulation of a business plan with the aim of the family business <<Ανθέων>>  to evolve into a mass catering company utilizing the institution of franchising by spreading its stores throughout Attica.
Detecting H$_2$O with CRIRES+: the case of WASP-20b
Creators: name: Maimone, M. C.
name: Brogi, M.
name: Chiavassa, A.
name: Ancker, M. E. van den
name: Manara, C. F.
name: Leconte, J.
name: Gandhi, S.
name: Pluriel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared spectroscopy over a wide spectral range and at the highest resolving powers (R>70 000) has proved to be one of the leading technique to unveil the atmospheric composition of dozens of exoplanets. The recently upgraded spectrograph CRIRES instrument at the VLT (CRIRES+) was operative for a first Science Verification in September 2021 and its new capabilities in atmospheric characterisation were ready to be tested. We analysed transmission spectra of the Hot Saturn WASP-20b in the K-band (1981-2394 nm) acquired with CRIRES+, aiming at detecting the signature of H2O and CO. We used Principal Component Analysis to remove the dominant time-dependent contaminating sources such as telluric bands and the stellar spectrum and we extracted the planet spectrum by cross-correlating observations with 1D and 3D synthetic spectra, with no circulation included. We present the tentative detection of molecular absorption from water-vapour at S/N equal to 4.2 and 4.7 by using only-H2O 1D and 3D models, respectively. The peak of the CCF occurred at the same rest-frame velocity for both model types (Vrest=-1 $\pm$ 1 kms$^{-1}$), and at the same projected planet orbital velocity but with different error bands (1D model: KP=131$^{+18}_{-29}$ kms$^{-1}$; 3D: KP=131$^{+23}_{-39}$ kms$^{-1}$). Our results are in agreement with the one expected in literature (132.9 $\pm$ 2.7 kms$^{-1}$). Although sub-optimal observational conditions and issues with pipeline in calibrating and reducing our raw data set, we obtained the first tentative detection of water in the atmosphere of WASP-20b. We suggest a deeper analysis and additional observations to confirm our results and unveil the presence of CO.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics in Section 6, Interstellar and circumstellar matter
Computer-assisted mitotic count using a deep learning–based algorithm improves interobserver reproducibility and accuracy
Creators: name: Bertram, Christof A.
name: Aubreville, Marc
name: Donovan, Taryn A.
name: Bartel, Alexander
name: Wilm, Frauke
name: Marzahl, Christian
name: Assenmacher, Charles-Antoine
name: Becker, Kathrin
name: Bennett, Mark
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: canine cutaneous mast cell tumors
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: digital pathology
subject: deep learning
subject: mitotic figures
subject: mitotic count
subject: automated image analysis
subject: computer assistance
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The mitotic count (MC) is an important histological parameter for prognostication of malignant neoplasms. However, it has inter- and intraobserver discrepancies due to difficulties in selecting the region of interest (MC-ROI) and in identifying or classifying mitotic figures (MFs). Recent progress in the field of artificial intelligence has allowed the development of high-performance algorithms that may improve standardization of the MC. As algorithmic predictions are not flawless, computer-assisted review by pathologists may ensure reliability. In the present study, we compared partial (MC-ROI preselection) and full (additional visualization of MF candidates and display of algorithmic confidence values) computer-assisted MC analysis to the routine (unaided) MC analysis by 23 pathologists for whole-slide images of 50 canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs). Algorithmic predictions aimed to assist pathologists in detecting mitotic hotspot locations, reducing omission of MFs, and improving classification against imposters. The interobserver consistency for the MC significantly increased with computer assistance (interobserver correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.92) compared to the unaided approach (ICC = 0.70). Classification into prognostic stratifications had a higher accuracy with computer assistance. The algorithmically preselected hotspot MC-ROIs had a consistently higher MCs than the manually selected MC-ROIs. Compared to a ground truth (developed with immunohistochemistry for phosphohistone H3), pathologist performance in detecting individual MF was augmented when using computer assistance (F1-score of 0.68 increased to 0.79) with a reduction in false negatives by 38%. The results of this study demonstrate that computer assistance may lead to more reproducible and accurate MCs in ccMCTs.
title: Model Output Statistics (MOS) μοντέλα βελτιστοποίησης αποτελεσμάτων επιχειρησιακών μοντέλων πρόβλεψης με εφαρμογή σε συστήματα ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ)
title: Wind speed forecast correction through Model Output Statistics (MOS)
Creators: name: Κουμπαρουλης Γεωργιος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Τα μοντέλα πρόγνωσης καιρικών φαινομένων, γνωστά και ως Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, χρησιμοποιούνται σήμερα από μετεωρολογικά και ερευνητικά κέντρα παγκοσμίως και προσφέρουν καλής ποιότητας πρόγνωση σε γενικές γραμμές, έχοντας όμως περιθώριο βελτίωσης ιδιαίτερα σε θέματα τοπικών προγνώσεων.
	Τα NWPs προσομοιώνουν την κίνηση της ατμόσφαιρας χρησιμοποιώντας εξισώσεις ρευστών και φυσικής οι οποίες εφαρμόζονται σε δομημένα πλέγματα διακριτοποίησης στις περιοχές ενδιαφέροντος. Για την επίλυση των εξισώσεων αυτών χρησιμοποιούνται αριθμητικές μέθοδοι οι οποίες οδηγούν υπό ορισμένες συνθήκες και σε συστηματικά ή μη σφάλματα.
	Η διόρθωση των σφαλμάτων αυτών επιχειρείται σήμερα και μέσω στατιστικών μεθόδων όπως τα φίλτρα Kalman, τα φίλτρα Kolmogorov-Zurbenko και τα Model Output Statistics (MOS). Τα τελευταία είναι στατιστικά μοντέλα τα οποία χρησιμοποιούν συναρτήσεις παρεμβολής που χρειάζεται μεγάλο αριθμό δεδομένων για να εκπαιδευτούν και στην συνέχεια να διορθώσουν τυχόν συστηματικά σφάλματα στις προβλέψεις. Λόγω της εξειδίκευσης που μπορεί να προκύψει από τα δεδομένα εκπαίδευσης, μπορούν και να εμφανιστούν αντίστοιχης εξειδίκευσης φίλτρα.
	Στην παρούσα εργασία έγινε μελέτη και εφαρμογή συστημάτων MOS για την διόρθωση της πρόγνωσης της ταχύτητας του ανέμου. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συγκεκριμένα μοντέλα με διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις, προγνωστικά δεδομένα καθώς και συνδυασμός τους με άλλα στατιστικά φίλτρα.
	Ως πεδίο εφαρμογής επιλέχθηκαν περιοχές στην Ισπανία και στην Ελλάδα – στην Κεφαλλονιά και στην Κρήτη – όπου είναι εγκατεστημένα αιολικά πάρκα για την παραγωγή ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας. Τα αποτελέσματα απέδειξαν σημαντική βελτίωση σε σχέση με την αρχική πρόγνωση οδηγώντας σε πιο αξιόπιστες προβλέψεις σε τοπικό επίπεδο.
ADHD Symptoms, Internalizing Symptoms, and Mindful Parenting During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study
Creators: name: O'Reilly, Hannah
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: ADHD symptoms
Internalizing symptoms
Mindful Parenting
Covid-19 Pandemic

description: Increased mental health difficulties were reported in Canadian children as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the pandemic has impacted families as well. The purpose of this thesis was: 1) to examine fluctuations in children’s mental health symptoms and mindful parenting across the 2020-2021 academic year; 2) to examine whether children’s symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity at the beginning of the 2020-2021 academic year were associated with mindful parenting at the end of the academic year; 3) to examine whether children’s depressive and anxiety symptoms at the end of the year moderated this relationship and; 4) to examine how child age and gender affected these relationships. Parents of 114 young children in a large Canadian city participated in this study in the Fall of 2020 and the Spring of 2021. Parents completed several self-report scales used to measure children’s mental health symptomatology and mindfulness in parenting. While there were no significant changes in children’s mental health symptoms or mindful parenting across the time points, children’s symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were significantly, negatively associated with mindful parenting across the pandemic year, and children’s depressive symptoms moderated this relationship. Specifically, when children’s depressive symptoms were low or average it was found that higher symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were associated with lower levels of mindful parenting among parents of young girls. Results may inform practitioners about which families require additional support during the pandemic and beyond.
Dose–response relationships of psilocybin-induced subjective experiences in humans
Creators: name: Hirschfeld, Tim
name: Schmidt, Timo T.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Phenomenology
subject: psilocybin
subject: dose–response relationship
subject: subjective experience
subject: meta-regression
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background: Psilocybin is the psychoactive component in Psilocybe mushrooms (‘magic mushrooms’). Whether and how the quality of the psilocybin-induced experience might mediate beneficial health outcomes is currently under investigation, for example, in therapeutic applications. However, to date, no meta-analysis has investigated the dose-dependency of subjective experiences across available studies. Aim: Establishing dose–response relationships of the subjective experiences induced by psilocybin in healthy study participants and a comparison of patient groups. Method: We applied a linear meta-regression approach, based on the robust variance estimation framework, to obtain linear dose–response relationship estimates on questionnaire ratings after oral psilocybin administration. Data were obtained from the Altered States Database, which contains data extracted from MEDLINE-listed journal articles that used standardized and validated questionnaires: the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale, the Mystical Experience Questionnaire and the Hallucinogen Rating Scale. Results: Psilocybin dose positively correlated with ratings on most factors and scales, mainly those referring to perceptual alterations and positively experienced ego dissolution. Measures referring to challenging experiences exhibited small effects and were barely modulated by dose. Conclusion: Psilocybin intensified almost all characteristics of altered states of consciousness assessed with the given questionnaires. Because subjective experiences are not only determined by dose, but also by individual and environmental factors, the results may only apply to controlled laboratory experiments and not to recreational use. This paper may serve as a general literature citation for the use of psilocybin in experimental and clinical research, to compare expected and observed subjective experiences.
The ALMA Survey of 70 $μ\rm m$ Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). VII: Chemistry of Embedded Dense Cores
Creators: name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: Lu, Xing
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Bovino, Stefano
name: Sabatini, Giovanni
name: Liu, Tie
name: Kim, Kee-Tae
name: Morii, Kaho
name: Tafoya, Daniel
name: Tatematsu, Ken'ichi
name: Sakai, Takeshi
name: Wang, Junzhi
name: Li, Fei
name: Silva, Andrea
name: Izumi, Natsuko
name: Allingham, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of chemistry toward 294 dense cores in 12 molecular clumps using the data obtained from the ALMA Survey of 70 $μ\rm m$ dark High-mass clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). We identified 97 protostellar cores and 197 prestellar core candidates based on the detection of outflows and molecular transitions of high upper energy levels ($E_{u}/k > 45$ K). The detection rate of the N$_{2}$D$^{+}$ emission toward the protostellar cores is 38%, which is higher than 9% for the prestellar cores, indicating that N$_{2}$D$^{+}$ does not exclusively trace prestellar cores. The detection rates of the DCO$^{+}$ emission are 35% for the prestellar cores and 49% for the protostellar cores, which are higher than those of N$_{2}$D$^{+}$, implying that DCO$^{+}$ appears more frequently than N$_{2}$D$^{+}$ in both prestellar and protostellar cores. Both N$_{2}$D$^{+}$ and DCO$^{+}$ abundances appear to decrease from the prestellar to protostellar stage. The DCN, C$_{2}$D and $^{13}$CS emission lines are rarely seen in the dense cores of early evolutionary phases. The detection rate of the H$_{2}$CO emission toward dense cores is 52%, three times higher than that of CH$_{3}$OH (17%). In addition, the H$_{2}$CO detection rate, abundance, line intensities, and line widths increase with the core evolutionary status, suggesting that the H$_{2}$CO line emission is sensitive to protostellar activity.
description: Accepted for Publication in ApJ. 36 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables. Table 5 available at https://github.com/ShanghuoLi/70-um-dark-high-mass-clumps
Testing the coincidence problem with strong gravitational lens, Type Ia supernovae and Hubble parameter observational data
Creators: name: Diao, Jing-Wang
name: Pan, Yu
name: Xu, Wenxiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use three different kinds of observational data, including 130 strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems, type Ia supernovae (SNeIa: Pantheon and Union2.1) and 31 Hubble parameter data points ($H(z)$) from cosmic chronometers to constrain the phenomenological model ($ρ_x\varproptoρ_m a^ξ$). By combining these three kinds of data (Union2.1+SGL+$H(z)$), we get the parameter value at the confidence interval of $2σ$, $Ω_{X,0} = 0.69\pm0.34$, $ω_x = -1.24\pm0.61$, $ξ= 3.8\pm3.9$ and $H_0 = 70.22\pm0.86$ kms$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$. According to our results, we find that the $Λ$CDM model is still the model which is in best agreement with the observational data at present, and the coincidence problem is not alleviated. In addition, the $Ω_X$ and $Ω_m$ have the same order of magnitude in $00.645$, it is necessary to introduce the dark energy interacting with dark matter.
description: Accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Measuring Data Loss resulting from Radio Frequency Interference
Creators: name: Baan, Willem A.
name: Jessner, Axel
name: Steenge, Jaap
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an observing methodology for calibrated measurements of radio interference levels and compare these with threshold interference limits that have been established for interference entering the bands allocated to the Radio Astronomy Service. The measurement time and bandwidth intervals for these observations may be commensurate with the time and frequency variability characteristic of the interfering signals and the threshold levels may be appropriately scaled from the values presented in ITU-R RA.769 using a 2\,000 seconds reference time interval. The data loss for astronomical instruments may be measured as a percentage of occupancy in the time-frequency domain both for short and long measurement intervals. The observed time-frequency occupancy characteristics for non-geostationary satellite systems and earth stations in the mobile-satellite service may be incorporated into an effective power flux density simulation to obtain the effective data loss and sky blockage due to these services.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Long-term optical and $γ-$ray variability of the blazar PKS~1222+216
Creators: name: Ezhikode, Savithri H.
name: Shukla, Amit
name: Dewangan, Gulab C.
name: Pawar, Pramod K.
name: Agarwal, Sushmita
name: Mathew, Blesson
name: R, Akhil Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $γ-$ray emission from flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) is thought to be dominated by the inverse Compton scattering of the external sources of photon fields, e.g., accretion disk, broad-line region (BLR), and torus. FSRQs show strong optical emission lines and hence can be a useful probe of the variability in BLR output, which is the reprocessed disk emission. We study the connection between the optical continuum, H$γ$ line, and $γ-$ray emissions from the FSRQ PKS~1222+216, using long-term ($\sim$2011-2018) optical spectroscopic data from Steward Observatory and $γ-$ray observations from $Fermi$-LAT. We measured the continuum ($F_{C,opt}$) and H$γ$ ($F_{Hγ}$) fluxes by performing a systematic analysis of the 6029-6452 Å optical spectra. We observed stronger variability in $F_{C,opt}$ than $F_{Hγ}$, an inverse correlation between H$γ$ equivalent width and $F_{C,opt}$, and a redder-when-brighter trend. Using discrete cross-correlation analysis, we found a positive correlation (DCF$\sim$0.5) between $F_{γ-ray>100MeV}$ and $F_{C,opt}$ (6024-6092 Å) light curves with time-lag consistent with zero at 2$σ$ level. We found no correlation between $F_{γ-ray>100MeV}$ and $F_{Hγ}$ light curves, probably dismissing the disk contribution to the optical and $γ$-ray variability. The observed strong variability in the $Fermi$-LAT flux and $F_{γ-ray>100MeV}-F_{C,opt}$ correlation could be due to the changes in the particle acceleration at various epochs. We derived the optical-to-$γ$-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) during the $γ$-ray flaring and quiescent epochs that show a dominant disk component with no variability. Our study suggests that the $γ$-ray emission zone is likely located at the edge of the BLR or in the radiation field of the torus.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ
Comments on Phys. Rev. D89 (2014) 097101 "Reevaluation of the parton distribution of strange quarks in the nucleon"
Creators: name: Stolarski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HERMES collaboration in Phys. Rev. D89 (2014) 097101 extracted information about the strange quark density in the nucleon. One of the main results is an observation that the shape of the extracted density is very different from the shapes of the strange quark density from global QCD fits and also from that of the light antiquarks. In this paper systematic studies on the HERMES published multiplicity of pion and kaon data are presented. It is shown that the conclusions concerning the strange quark distribution in the nucleon reached in Phys. Rev. D89 (2014) 097101 are at the moment premature.
description: Version to be published as a comment in Phys. Rev. D
Polarized Emission From Four Supernova Remnants In The THOR Survey
Creators: name: Shanahan, Russell
name: Stil, Jeroen M.
name: Anderson, Loren
name: Beuther, Henrik
name: Goldsmith, Paul
name: Ott, Juergen
name: Rugel, Michael
name: Soler, Juan
name: Syed, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present polarization and Faraday rotation for the supernova remnants (SNRs) G46.8-0.3, G43.3-0.2, G41.1-0.3, and G39.2-0.3 in L-band (1-2 GHz) radio continuum in The HI/OH/Recombination line (THOR) survey. We detect polarization from G46.8-0.3, G43.3-0.2 and G39.2-0.3 but find upper limits at the 1% level of Stokes I for G41.1-0.3. For G46.8-0.3 and G39.2-0.3 the fractional polarization varies on small scales from 1% to ~6%. G43.3-0.2 is less polarized with fractional polarization <~3%. We find upper limits at the 1% level for the brighter regions in each SNR with no evidence for associated enhanced Faraday depolarization. We observe significant variation in Faraday depth and fractional polarization on angular scales down to the resolution limit of 16". Approximately 6% of our polarization detections from G46.8-0.3 and G39.2-0.3 exhibit two-component Faraday rotation and 14% of polarization detections in G43.3-0.2 are multi-component. For G39.2-0.3 we find a bimodal Faraday depth distribution with a narrow peak and a broad peak for all polarization detections as well as for the subset with two-component Faraday rotation. We identify the narrow peak with the front side of the SNR and the broad peak with the back side. Similarly, we interpret the observed Faraday depth distribution of G46.8-0.3 as a superposition of the distributions from the front side and the back side. We interpret our results as evidence for a partially filled shell with small-scale magnetic field structure and internal Faraday rotation.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Figures 6, 19 and 20 may not be displayed in the browser pdf viewer, but the downloaded pdf is complete