cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Southern GEMS Groups I: Dynamical Properties
Creators: name: Brough, Sarah
name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Kilborn, Virginia
name: Couch, Warrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present an investigation of the properties of 16 nearby galaxy groups and their constituent galaxies. The groups are selected from the Group Evolution Multi-wavelength Study (GEMS) and all have X-ray as well as wide-field neutral hydrogen (HI) observations. Group membership is determined using a friends-of-friends algorithm on the positions and velocities from the 6-degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) and NASA/IPAC Extra-galactic Database (NED). For each group we derive their physical properties using this membership, including: velocity dispersions (sigma_v), virial masses (M_V), total K-band luminosities (L_K(Tot)) and early-type fractions (f_early) and present these data for the individual groups. We find that the GEMS X-ray luminosity is proportional to the group velocity dispersions and virial masses: L_X(r_500)\proptoσ_v^{3.11\pm0.59} and L_X(r_500)\propto M_V^{1.13\pm0.27}, consistent with the predictions of self-similarity between group and clusters. We also find that M_V\propto L_K(Tot)^{2.0\pm0.9}, i.e. mass grows faster than light and that the fraction of early-type galaxies in the groups is correlated with the group X-ray luminosities and velocity dispersions. We examine the brightest group galaxies (BGGs), finding that, while the luminosity of the BGG correlates with its total group luminosity, the fraction of group luminosity contained in the BGG decreases with increasing total group luminosity. This suggests that BGGs grow by mergers at early times in group evolution while the group continues to grow by accreting infalling galaxies. (Abridged)
description: 30 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS, Table 3 available at http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~sbrough/landscape_table3.ps
Nonlinear spatiotemporal control of laser intensity
Creators: name: Simpson, Tanner T.
name: Ramsey, Dillon
name: Franke, Philip
name: Vafaei-Najafabadi, Navid
name: Turnbull, David
name: Froula, Dustin H.
name: Palastro, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatiotemporal control over the intensity of a laser pulse has the potential to enable or revolutionize a wide range of laser-based applications that currently suffer from the poor flexibility offered by conventional optics. Specifically, these optics limit the region of high intensity to the Rayleigh range and provide little to no control over the trajectory of the peak intensity. Here, we introduce a nonlinear technique for spatiotemporal control, the "self-flying focus," that produces an arbitrary trajectory intensity peak that can be sustained for distances comparable to the focal length. The technique combines temporal pulse shaping and the inherent nonlinearity of a medium to customize the time and location at which each temporal slice within the pulse comes to its focus. As an example of its utility, simulations show that the self-flying focus can form a highly uniform, meter-scale plasma suitable for advanced plasma-based accelerators.
Chandra X-ray Observation of a Mature Cloud-Shock Interaction in the Bright Eastern Knot Region of Puppis A
Creators: name: Hwang, Una
name: Flanagan, Kathryn A.
name: Petre, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Chandra X-ray images and spectra of the most prominent cloud-shock interaction region in the Puppis A supernova remnant. The Bright Eastern Knot (BEK) has two main morphological components: (1) a bright compact knot that lies directly behind the apex of an indentation in the eastern X-ray boundary and (2) lying 1' westward behind the shock, a curved vertical structure (bar) that is separated from a smaller bright cloud (cap) by faint diffuse emission. Based on hardness images and spectra, we identify the bar and cap as a single shocked interstellar cloud. Its morphology strongly resembles the ``voided sphere'' structures seen at late times in Klein et al.'s experimental simulations of cloud-shock interactions, when the crushing of the cloud by shear instabilities is well underway. We infer an interaction time of roughly 3 cloud-crushing timescales, which translates to 2000-4000 years, based on the X-ray temperature, physical size, and estimated expansion of the shocked cloud. This is the first X-ray identified example of a cloud-shock interaction in this advanced phase. Closer to the shock front, the X-ray emission of the compact knot in the eastern part of the BEK region implies a recent interaction with relatively denser gas, some of which lies in front of the remnant. The complex spatial relationship of the X-ray emission of the compact knot to optical [O III] emission suggests that there are multiple cloud interactions occurring along the line of sight.
description: 22 pages LaTeX with multiple figures, to appear in ApJ
The effect of upper body exercise on secondary lymphedema following breast cancer treatment
Creators: name: Kalda, Andrea Leigh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effect of upper-body aerobic exercise on lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment was examined in 14 subjects. Subjects were assigned to either an Exercise group (n=7) or a Control group (n=7). Before subject recruitment, groups were created by selecting a subject number and a group out of two separate containers. As subjects were recruited, they were sequentially assigned a number, and thereby a group. One subject was allowed to enroll as a control subject instead of in the assigned exercise group for geographical reasons. All subjects were assessed over an eight week period, during which the exercise subjects followed an upper body exercise program including but not limited to a Monark Rehab Trainer arm ergometer. Control subjects maintained their lifestyle as before the study. Lymphedema was assessed by arm circumference measurements as well as arm volume measurements by water displacement. The Medical Outcomes Trust Short-Form 36 Survey was used to measure quality of life before and after the intervention. Significance was set at α < .01. No changes were found in arm circumference or arm volume as a result of the exercise program. Three of the quality of life domains showed trends towards increases in the exercise group, although findings were not statistically significant: physical functioning (p=050), general health (p=048), and vitality (p= .023). Mental health increased, although not significantly, for all subjects (p=.019). Arm volume measured by water displacement was correlated with calculated arm volume (r=.973, p<001), although the exercise and control group means were significantly different (t=-24.19, p<001). Arm volume does not appear to increase in women with lymphedema following breast cancer due to participation in an upper-body aerobic exercise program, and they may experience an increase in quality of life. This suggests that further studies should be done in this area to determine the optimum training program.
Polynomial Realization of $s\ell_q(2)$ and Fusion Rules at Exceptional Values of $q$
Creators: name: Karakhanyan, D.
name: Khachatryan, Sh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 16B30; 47N20

description: Representations of the $s\ell_q(2)$ algebra are constructed in the space of polynomials of real (complex) variable for $q^N=1$. The spin addition rule based on eigenvalues of Casimir operator is illustrated on few simplest cases and conjecture for general case is formulated.
U.S. Farm and Farm-Related Employment in 1991
Creators: name: Majchrowicz, T. Alexander
name: Salsgiver, Jacqueline
name: Majchrowicz, T. Alexander
name: Salsgiver, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agribusiness
Labor and Human Capital

description: Farm and farm-related industries provided over 21 million jobs in 1991, or 15.7 percent of total U.S. employment. These industries employed 40,000 fewer workers in 1991 than in 1990, reflecting job losses during the 1990-91 recession. Many of the lost jobs were in farm production and in apparel and textile manufacturing. But, some farm-related industries, particularly wholesale and retail trade of agricultural products, gained jobs. Although the overall number of jobs fell, farm and farm-related employment's share of total U.S. employment remained steady.
From short to fat tails in financial markets: A unified description
Creators: name: Cortines, A. A. G.
name: Riera, R.
name: Anteneodo, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In complex systems such as turbulent flows and financial markets, the dynamics in long and short time-lags, signaled by Gaussian and fat-tailed statistics, respectively, calls for a unified description. To address this issue we analyze a real dataset, namely, price fluctuations, in a wide range of temporal scales to embrace both regimes. By means of Kramers-Moyal (KM) coefficients evaluated from empirical time series, we obtain the evolution equation for the probability density function (PDF) of price returns. We also present consistent asymptotic solutions for the timescale dependent equation that emerges from the empirical analysis. From these solutions, new relationships connecting PDF characteristics, such as tail exponents, to parameters of KM coefficients arise. The results reveal a dynamical path that leads from Gaussian to fat-tailed statistics, furnishing insights on other complex systems where akin crossover is observed.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Exploring High-Velocity NH_3(6,6) Emission at the Center of our Galaxy
Creators: name: Donovan, Jennifer L.
name: Herrnstein, Robeson M.
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the NH\3 (6,6) transition, which samples dense ($\sim 10^{5}$) molecular gas with an energy above ground of 412 K, we find hot gas at high velocities (--142 to --210 km s$^{-1}$) associated with the central 2 pc of the Galactic center. This material may be either infalling gas due to shocks or tidal stripping, or possibly gas swept from the nuclear region. We identify two high-velocity features, which we call the Southern Runner and the Cap, and correlate these features with others detected in various molecular observations of the Galactic center. The characteristic linewidths of the Southern Runner and Cap, 10 -- 15 \kms, are similar to those of other hot Galactic center clouds. The estimated H$_{2}$ masses of these clouds are 4$\times 10^{3}$ M$\sol$ and 2$\times 10^{3}$ M$\sol$, consistent with the masses of the western streamer and northern ridge, NH\3 (6,6) emission features detected within the central 10 pc at lower velocities. Three possible explanations for this emission are discussed assuming that they lie at the Galactic center, including sweeping by the supernova remnant Sgr A East, infall and/or shock from the circumnuclear disk (CND), and stripping from the central rotating low-velocity NH\3 (6,6) cloud.
description: 28 pages including 7 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Comparative study of the density matrix embedding theory for the Hubbard models
Creators: name: Kawano, Masataka
name: Hotta, Chisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the performance of the density matrix embedding theory (DMET) recently proposed in [G. Knizia and G. K.-L. Chan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 186404 (2012)]. The core of this method is to find a proper one-body potential that generates a good trial wave function for projecting a large scale original Hamiltonian to a local subsystem with a small number of basis. The resultant ground state of the projected Hamiltonian can locally approximate the true ground state. However, the lack of the variational principle makes it difficult to judge the quality of the choice of the potential. Here we focus on the entanglement spectrum (ES) as a judging criterion; accurate evaluation of the ES guarantees that the corresponding reduced density matrix well reproduces all physical quantities on the local subsystem. We apply the DMET to the Hubbard model on the one-dimensional chain, zigzag chain, and triangular lattice and test several variants of potentials and cost functions. It turns out that ES serves as a more sensitive quantity than the energy and double occupancy to probe the quality of the DMET outcomes. A symmetric potential reproduces the ES of the phase that continues from a noninteracting limit. The Mott transition as well as symmetry-breaking transitions can be detected by the singularities in the ES. However, the details of the ES in the strongly interacting parameter region depends much on these variants, meaning that the present DMET algorithm allowing for numerous variant is insufficient to fully characterize the particular phases that require characterization by the ES.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
On the stability of Bresse and Timoshenko systems with hyperbolic heat conduction
Creators: name: Dell'Oro, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the stability of three thermoelastic beam systems with hyperbolic heat conduction. First, we study the Bresse-Gurtin-Pipkin system, providing a necessary and sufficient condition for the exponential stability and the optimal polynomial decay rate when the condition is violated. Second, we obtain analogous results for the Bresse-Maxwell-Cattaneo system, completing an analysis recently initiated in the literature. Finally, we consider the Timoshenko-Gurtin-Pipkin system and we find the optimal polynomial decay rate when the known exponential stability condition does not hold. As a byproduct, we fully recover the stability characterization of the Timoshenko-Maxwell-Cattaneo system. The classical "equal wave speeds" conditions are also recovered through singular limit procedures. Our conditions are compatible with some physical constraints on the coefficients as the positivity of the Poisson's ratio of the material. The analysis faces several challenges connected with the thermal damping, whose resolution rests on recently developed mathematical tools such as quantitative Riemann-Lebesgue lemmas.
description: Abstract shortened and few typos corrected
Floquet engineering of edge states in the presence of staggered potential and interactions
Creators: name: Sur, Samudra
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of a periodically driven electric field applied to a variety of tight-binding models in one dimension. We first consider a non-interacting system with or without a staggered on-site potential, and we find that that periodic driving can generate states localized completely or partially near the ends of a finite-sized system. Depending on the system parameters, such states have Floquet eigenvalues lying either outside or inside the continuum of eigenvalues of the bulk states; only in the former case we find that these states are completely localized at the ends and are true edge states. We then consider a system of two bosonic particles which have an on-site Hubbard interaction and show that a periodically driven electric field can generate two-particle states which are localized at the ends of the system. We show that many of these effects can be understood using a Floquet perturbation theory which is valid in the limit of large staggered potential or large interaction strength. Some of these effects can also be understood qualitatively by considering time-independent Hamiltonians which have a potential at the sites at the edges; Hamiltonians of these kind effectively appear in a Floquet-Magnus analysis of the driven problem. Finally, we discuss how the edge states produced by periodic driving of a non-interacting system of fermions can be detected by measuring the differential conductance of the system.
description: 25 pages, 23 figures; made some significant changes in the text and figures, added some references
Supernova Neutrinos: The Accretion Disk Scenario
Creators: name: McLaughlin, G. C.
name: Surman, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos from core collapse supernovae can be emitted from a rapidly accreting disk surrounding a black hole, instead of the canonical proto-neutron star. For Galactic events, detector count rates are considerable and in fact can be in the thousands for Super-Kamiokande. The rate of occurrence of these accreting disks in the Galaxy is predicted to be on the order of 10^-5 yr^-1, yet there is little observational evidence to provide an upper limit on their formation rate. It would therefore be useful to discriminate between neutrinos which have been produced in a proto-neutron star and those which have been produced accretion disks. In order to distinguish between the two scenarios, either the time profile of the neutrino luminosity or the relative fluxes of different neutrino flavors may be considered. There are some signals that would clearly point to one scenario or the other.
Run-Time Monitoring of Machine Learning for Robotic Perception: A Survey of Emerging Trends
Creators: name: Rahman, Quazi Marufur
name: Corke, Peter
name: Dayoub, Feras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As deep learning continues to dominate all state-of-the-art computer vision tasks, it is increasingly becoming an essential building block for robotic perception. This raises important questions concerning the safety and reliability of learning-based perception systems. There is an established field that studies safety certification and convergence guarantees of complex software systems at design-time. However, the unknown future deployment environments of an autonomous system and the complexity of learning-based perception make the generalization of design-time verification to run-time problematic. In the face of this challenge, more attention is starting to focus on run-time monitoring of performance and reliability of perception systems with several trends emerging in the literature. This paper attempts to identify these trends and summarise the various approaches to the topic.
description: Updated version of 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3055015. Published at IEEE Access. 27 January 2021
Optimization by thermal cycling
Creators: name: Mobius, A.
name: Hoffmann, K. H.
name: Schon, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal cycling is an heuristic optimization algorithm which consists of cyclically heating and quenching by Metropolis and local search procedures, respectively, where the amplitude slowly decreases. In recent years, it has been successfully applied to two combinatorial optimization tasks, the traveling salesman problem and the search for low-energy states of the Coulomb glass. In these cases, the algorithm is far more efficient than usual simulated annealing. In its original form the algorithm was designed only for the case of discrete variables. Its basic ideas are applicable also to a problem with continuous variables, the search for low-energy states of Lennard-Jones clusters.
description: Submitted to Proceedings of the Workshop "Complexity, Metastability and Nonextensivity", held in Erice 20-26 July 2004. Latex, 7 pages, 3 figures
Contextuality of quantum fluctuations characterized by conditional weak values of entangled states
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum fluctuations of a physical property can be observed in the measurement statistics of any measurement that is at least partially sensitive to that physical property. Quantum theory indicates that the effective distribution of values taken by the physical property depends on the specific measurement context based on which these values are determined and weak values have been identified as the contextual values describing this dependence of quantum fluctuations on the measurement context. Here, the relation between classical statistics and quantum contextuality is explored by considering systems entangled with a quantum reference. The quantum fluctuations of the system can then be steered by precise projective measurements of the reference, resulting in different contextual values of the quantum fluctuations depending on the effective state preparation context determined by the measurement of the reference. The results show that mixed state statistics are consistent with a wide range of potential contexts, indicating that the precise definition of a context requires maximal quantum coherence in both state preparation and measurement.
description: 9 pages, no figures, extended explanation of the contextuality of quantum fluctuations. Final version for publication on Phys. Rev. A
Theoretical consideration of pits recording and etching processes in chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors
Creators: name: Morozovska, A. N.
name: Kostyukevych, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose theoretical consideration and computer modeling of information pit recording and etching processes in chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors. We demonstrate how to record and develop information pits with the necessary shape and sizes in chalcogenide photoresists using gaussian laser beam and selective etching. It has been shown that phototransformed region cross-section could be almost trapezoidal or parabolic depending on the photoresist material optical absorption, recording beam power, exposure, etchant selectivity and etching time. After illumination, the spatial distribution of photo-transformed material fraction was calculated using the Kolmogorov-Awrami equation. Analyzing obtained results, we derived a rather simple approximate analytical expression for the dependence of the photo-transformed region width and depth on the recording gaussian beam power, radius and exposure time. Then the selective etching process was simulated numerically. The obtained results quantitatively describes the characteristics of pits recorded by the gaussian laser beam in thin layers of As40S60 chalcogenide semiconductor.
description: 14 pages, 1 scheme, 9 figures
Saica fuscipes Stal 1862
Creators: name: María, Valentina Castro-Huertas
name: Melo, María Cecilia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Reduviidae
Saica
Saica fuscipes

description: Saica fuscipes Stål, 1862
(Figs 3A, B; 7)
Saica fuscipes Stål, 1862: 441. — Champion 1898: 177 [key and remarks]. — Maldonado Capriles 1990: 479 [cat.]. — Swanson & Chordas III 2018: 399, 413 [dist.].
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype. Mexico • ♀; NHMW, REDV.721/1 (high-resolution images, Fig. 3 A, B).
DIAGNOSIS. — Coloration dark red, except for the dark brown antennae, most part of femora (except base), tibiae, and forewings; pterostigma brightly reddish (Fig. 3A, B).
DISTRIBUTION. — Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala (Champion 1898; Maldonado Capriles 1990; Swanson & Chordas III 2018) (Fig. 7).
REDESCRIPTION
Female
Macropterous. Measurements in Table 2.
Coloration (Fig. 3A, B). Head: Red. Scapus and pedicel dark brown, basi- and distiflagellomere yellowish. First and second labial segments reddish, third labial segment yellowish. Thorax: Red, base of mesonotal spine whitish. Procoxal cavity, procoxa and protrochanter reddish; profemur dark brown except for basal region reddish; protibia and protarsus dark brown; meso- and metalegs similar to proleg. Forewing brown, veins basally reddish, pterostigma brightly reddish.
Structure. Thorax (Fig. 3B): Humeral angle spines three times longer than their base. Mesonotal spine straight, three times longer than its base. Protuberance of the scutellum with apex entire, slightly concave posteriorly, lateral margins not expanded in caudal view. Metanotal spine straight, 0.2 times the length of mesonotal spine. Forewing with two closed cells, apex of outer discal cell extending as far as apex of pterostigma. Abdomen: Missing in the holotype specimen examined.
REMARKS
Saica fuscipes shows similarities with S. recurvata and S. lativentris, because the posterior process of scutellum is more or less arcuate laterally and notched but not conspicuously expanded, but the coloration pattern of this species is different from the others. The species was described from a female, and the male is currently unknown; unfortunately, the abdomen of the holotype is missing (Fig. 3B), making impossible to document and compare the female genitalic structures.
description: Published as part of María, Valentina Castro-Huertas & Melo, María Cecilia, 2024, Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters, pp. 813-845 in Zoosystema 46 (32) on page 826, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a32, http://zenodo.org/record/14532160
Proton Lifetime and Baryon Number Violating Signatures at the LHC in Gauge Extended Models
Creators: name: Morrissey, D. E.
name: Tait, T. M. P.
name: Wagner, C. E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exist a number of models in the literature in which the weak interactions are derived from a chiral gauge theory based on a larger group than SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y. Such theories can be constructed so as to be anomaly-free and consistent with precision electroweak measurements, and may be interpreted as a deconstruction of an extra dimension. They also provide interesting insights into the issues of flavor and dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking, and can help to raise the mass of the Higgs boson in supersymmetric theories. In this work we show that these theories can also give rise to baryon and lepton number violating processes, such as nucleon decay and spectacular multijet events at colliders, via the instanton transitions associated with the extended gauge group. For a particular model based on SU(2)_1 x SU(2)_2, we find that the $B+L$ violating scattering cross sections are too small to be observed at the LHC, but that the lower limit on the lifetime of the proton implies an upper bound on the gauge couplings.
description: 36 pages
Ballistic diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
Creators: name: Liu, Jun-Hong
name: Das, Santosh K.
name: Greco, Vincenzo
name: Ruggieri, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the diffusion of charm quarks in the early stage of high energy nuclear collisions at the RHIC and the LHC. The main novelty of the present study is the introduction of the color current carried by the heavy quarks that propagate in the evolving Glasma (Ev-Glasma), that is responsible of the energy loss via polarization of the medium. We compute the transverse momentum broadening, $σ_p$, of charm in the pre-thermalization stage, and the impact of the diffusion on the nuclear modification factor in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The net effect of energy loss is marginal in the pre-thermalization stage. The study is completed by the calculation of coordinate spreading, $σ_x$, and by a comparison with Langevin dynamics. $σ_p$ in Ev-Glasma overshoots the result of standard Langevin dynamics at the end of the pre-hydro regime. We interpret this as a result of memory of the color force acting on the charm quarks that implies $σ_p\propto t^2$. Moreover, $σ_x\propto t^2 $ in the pre-hydro stage shows that the charm quark in the Ev-Glasma is in the regime of ballistic diffusion.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. In V2 we have corrected the presentation on how color charges are initialized in the code. A few clarifying comments have been added, to justify the use of the SU(2) color group, and to improve the presentation of the Langevin equation with the nonlocal dissipative kernel. V2 is the version accepted for publication on Phys. Rev. D
Flexible retrieval with NMSLIB and FlexNeuART
Creators: name: Boytsov, Leonid
name: Nyberg, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our objective is to introduce to the NLP community an existing k-NN search library NMSLIB, a new retrieval toolkit FlexNeuART, as well as their integration capabilities. NMSLIB, while being one the fastest k-NN search libraries, is quite generic and supports a variety of distance/similarity functions. Because the library relies on the distance-based structure-agnostic algorithms, it can be further extended by adding new distances. FlexNeuART is a modular, extendible and flexible toolkit for candidate generation in IR and QA applications, which supports mixing of classic and neural ranking signals. FlexNeuART can efficiently retrieve mixed dense and sparse representations (with weights learned from training data), which is achieved by extending NMSLIB. In that, other retrieval systems work with purely sparse representations (e.g., Lucene), purely dense representations (e.g., FAISS and Annoy), or only perform mixing at the re-ranking stage.
In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Phase Transformation in Epitaxial Metastable hcp Nickel Thin Films, Prepared via Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition
Creators: Motamedi, Pouyan
Bosnick, Ken
Cadien, Ken
Hogan, James D.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2018

Ultrathin metal films have a wide variety of applications, especially in microelectronics. A key method to deposit these films is plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), which is known for its ability to deposit thin films conformally and at relatively low temperatures. Building on the recent work, an improved recipe is reported on for the development of nickel PEALD technology, through which fully epitaxial nickel thin films are deposited. The effect of continuous heating on the phase structure and agglomeration in the metastable thin films is investigated in this paper. The variations of the phase structure are monitored via in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, as well as optical roughness analysis. The temperature windows for phase transformation and particle formation are determined. It is noted that, after the hcp-to-fcc transformation and particle coalescence processes are complete, the particles reshape to acquire the thermodynamically stable shapes dictated by the Wulff theorem. Additionally, a crystallographic orientation relationship between the fcc particles and the sapphire substrate is observed, i.e., Ni (111)||Sapphire(002).
Structure, magnetic and transport properties of Ti-substituted La0.7Sr0.3MnO3
Creators: name: Kim, M. S.
name: Yang, J. B.
name: Cai, Q.
name: Zhou, X. D.
name: James, W. J.
name: Yelon, W. B.
name: Parris, P. E.
name: Buddhikot, D.
name: Malik, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ti-substituted perovskites, La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xTixO3, with x between 0 to 0.20, were investigated by neutron diffraction, magnetization, electric resistivity, and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements. All samples show a rhombohedral structure (space group R3c) from 10 K to room temperature. At room temperature, the cell parameters a, c and the unit cell volume increase with increasing Ti content. However, at 10 K, the cell parameter a has a maximum value for x = 0.10, and decreases for x greater than 0.10, while the unit cell volume remains nearly constant for x greater than 0.10. The average (Mn,Ti)-O bond length increases up to x=0.15, and the (Mn,Ti)-O-(Mn,Ti) bond angle decreases with increasing Ti content to its minimum value at x=0.15 at room temperature. Below the Curie temperature T_C, the resistance exhibits metallic behavior for the x _ 0.05 samples. A metal (semiconductor) to insulator transition is observed for the x_ 0.10 samples. A peak in resistivity appears below T_C for all samples, and shifts to a lower temperature as x increases. The substitution of Mn by Ti decreases the 2p-3d hybridization between O and Mn ions, reduces the bandwidth W, and increases the electron-phonon coupling. Therefore, the TC shifts to a lower temperature and the resistivity increases with increasing Ti content. A field-induced shift of the resistivity maximum occurs at x less than or equal to 0.10. The maximum MR effect is about 70% for La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.8Ti0.2O3. The separation of TC and the resistivity maximum temperature Tmax enhances the MR effect in these compounds due to the weak coupling between the magnetic ordering and the resistivity as compared with La0.7Sr0.3MnO3.
description: zip file
The Multipolar Magnetic Field of Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0030+0451
Creators: name: Kalapotharakos, Constantinos
name: Wadiasingh, Zorawar
name: Harding, Alice K.
name: Kazanas, Demosthenes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling of the NICER X-ray waveform of the pulsar PSR J0030+0451, aimed to constrain the neutron star mass and radius, has inferred surface hot-spots (the magnetic polar caps) that imply significantly non-dipolar magnetic fields. To this end, we investigate magnetic field configurations that comprise offset dipole plus quadrupole components using static vacuum field and force-free global magnetosphere models. Taking into account the compactness and observer angle values provided by Miller et al. (2019) and Riley et al. (2019), we compute geodesics from the observer plane to the polar caps to compute the resulting X-ray light curve. We explore, through Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, the detailed magnetic field configurations that can reproduce the observed X-ray light curve and have discovered degeneracies, i.e., diverse field configurations, which can provide sufficient descriptions to the NICER X-ray waveforms. Having obtained the force-free field structures, we then compute the corresponding synchronous gamma-ray light curves following Kalapotharakos et al. (2014) these we compare to those obtained by Fermi-LAT, to provide models consistent with both the X-ray and the gamma-ray data, thereby restricting further the multipole field parameters. An essential aspect of this approach is the proper computation of the relative phase between the synchronous X- and gamma-ray light curves. We conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of our study.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ (minor update)
The soft X-ray/NLR connection: a single photoionized medium?
Creators: name: Bianchi, Stefano
name: Guainazzi, Matteo
name: Chiaberge, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of 8 nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies observed by HST and Chandra. All of the sources present soft X-ray emission which is coincident in extension and overall morphology with the [OIII] emission. The spectral analysis reveals that the soft X-ray emission of all the objects is likely to be dominated by a photoionized gas. This is strongly supported by the 190 ks combined XMM-Newton/RGS spectrum of Mrk3, which different diagnostic tools confirm as being produced in a gas in photoionization equilibrium with an important contribution from resonant scattering. We tested with the code CLOUDY a simple scenario where the same gas photoionized by the nuclear continuum produces both the soft X-ray and the [OIII] emission. Solutions satisfying the observed ratio between the two components exist, and require the density to decrease with radius roughly like $r^{-2}$, similarly to what often found for the Narrow Line Region.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in A&A
Measurement of the anti-nucleus $\overline{^4{He}}$ with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC
Creators: name: Dönigus, B.
name: Kalweit, A.
name: Löher, N.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Measurements of $H_0$ and reconstruction of the dark energy properties from a model-independent joint analysis
Creators: name: Bonilla, Alexander
name: Kumar, Suresh
name: Nunes, Rafael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaussian processes (GP) provide an elegant and model-independent method for extracting cosmological information from the observational data. In this work, we employ GP to perform a joint analysis by using the geometrical cosmological probes such as Supernova Type Ia (SN), Cosmic chronometers (CC), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and the H0LiCOW lenses sample to constrain the Hubble constant $H_0$, and reconstruct some properties of dark energy (DE), viz., the equation of state parameter $w$, the sound speed of DE perturbations $c^2_s$, and the ratio of DE density evolution $X = ρ_{\rm de}/ρ_{\rm de,0}$. From the joint analysis SN+CC+BAO+H0LiCOW, we find that $H_0$ is constrained at 1.1\% precision with $H_0 = 73.78 \pm 0.84$ km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$, which is in agreement with SH0ES and H0LiCOW estimates, but in $\sim$6.2$σ$ tension with the current CMB measurements of $H_0$. With regard to the DE parameters, we find $c^2_s < 0$ at $\sim$2$σ$ at high $z$, and the possibility of $X$ to become negative for $z > 1.5$. We compare our results with the ones obtained in the literature, and discuss the consequences of our main results on the DE theoretical framework.
description: 13 pages, 9 captioned figures. Matches the version published in EPJC
Centrality dependence of particle production in p-Pb collisions at ALICE
Creators: name: Andronic, A.
name: Gronefeld, J.
name: Knichel, M. L.
name: Otwinowski, J.
name: Toia, A.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
In Search of a Coherent Approach to Community Protection in Sentencing
Creators: name: Bagaric, Mirko
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Community protection has been proclaimed as the most important sentencing objective. Despite this, the contours of the principle have not been clearly articulated by the courts. When community protection is invoked by the courts, it is generally applied in a manner to increase sentence severity. However, in some circumstances it has been applied to justify a more lenient disposition; usually to facilitate the rehabilitation of the offender. Given the cardinal status of community protection in the sentencing hierarchy, there is a need to clarify the operation of the objective and the manner in which it should impact sentencing outcomes. It is argued that in order to apply community protection in a jurisprudentially sound manner, there are a number of important premises that need to be acknowledged by the courts. These include that community protection is only necessary where the offender is likely to reoffend. Further, 99% of offenders are released from prison and hence incapacitation is generally only a temporary manner in which to protect the community. Incorporating these considerations into the sentencing process will lead to more informed and accurate decisions regarding the likelihood that an offender will recidivate and enhance the efficacy of the sentencing process.
A category theoretic approach to the theory of schemes
Creators: name: Gurney, Lance Rory
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Schemes (Algebraic geometry)
subject: Categories (Mathematics)
subject: Commutative algebra

description: We give a streamlined and self-contained construction of the category of schemes from the functor of points perspective. In the first part the necessary preliminary material is reviewed. We begin with some brief remarks on set theory in order to avoid size issues. Then the necessary facts from category theory are recalled, in particular the definition and standard properties of functor categories with values in the category of sets. Then the necessary facts from commutative algebra are recalled. We then introduce absolutely flat rings and some of their properties and applications are given. Finally, we recall the base properties of integral homomorphisms of rings and in particular norm and characteristic polynomial maps associated to a finite locally free homomorphism. In the second part the category of spaces is defined as a subcategory of the category functors from the category of rings to the category of sets. The basic properties of the category of spaces are then given and affine spaces and the affinisation functor are defined. We then introduce the two fundamental finiteness conditions: coherence and local finite presentation. These two concepts are what underlies two most important tools in the functor of points setting: descent and passage to the limit. We then consider subspaces in detail and describe several methods of construction for subspaces and of detecting their properties, making heavy use of absolutely flat spaces. We then extend some basic notions from commutative algebra (integral homomorphisms, norms and characteristic polynomials) to the setting of spaces. In the third and final part the category of schemes is defined as a subcategory of the category of spaces. The method of localisation is introduced as are the notions of flatness and quasi-finiteness. We then use the functorial machinery that has been set up to prove several non-trivial facts in the theory of schemes: the existence of certain quotients in the category of schemes, conditions for the image of a morphism of schemes to exist, and that the category of algebraic groups over a field is abelian. -- provided by Candidate.
Effects of spin on constraining the seeds and growth of $\gtrsim 10^9M_\odot$ supermassive black holes in $z>6.5$ Quasars
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaoxia
name: Lu, Youjun
name: Fang, Taotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of $\gtrsim10^9M_\odot$ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at redshift $z>6$ raises the problem of how such SMBHs can grow up within the cosmic time ($<1$\,Gyr) from small seed BHs. In this letter, we use the observations of $14$ Quasars at $z>6.5$ with mass estimates to constrain their seeds and early growth, by self-consistently considering the spin evolution and the possibility of super-Eddington accretion. We find that spin plays an important role in the growth of early SMBHs, and the constraints on seed mass and super-Eddington accretion fraction strongly depend on the assumed accretion history. If the accretion is coherent with single (or a small number of) episode(s), leading to high spins for the majority of accretion time, then the SMBH growth is relatively slow; and if the accretion is chaotic with many episodes and in each episode the total accreted mass is much less than the SMBH mass, leading to moderate/low spins, then the growth is relatively fast. The constraints on the seed mass and super-Eddington accretion fraction are degenerate. A significant fraction ($\gtrsim0.1\%-1\%$ in linear scale but $\sim 3-4$ dex in logarithmic scale for $10^3-10^4 M_\odot$ seeds) of super-Eddington accretion is required if the seed mass is not $\gg10^{5}M_\odot$, and the requirements of high seed-mass and/or super-Eddington accretion fraction are moderately relaxed if the accretion is chaotic.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL
Two-dimensional MWPC prototype for CBM TRD
Creators: name: Bercuci, A.
name: Bartos, D.
name: Caragheorgheopol, G.
name: Catanescu, V.
name: Constantin, F.
name: Petris, M.
name: Petrovici, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Supplementary document for Protein sensing using deep subwavelength-engineered photonic crystals - 6696675.pdf
Creators: name: Zhang, Yanrong
name: Whittington, Christopher
name: Layouni, Rabeb
name: Cotto, Andres
name: Arnold, Kellen
name: Halimi, Sami
name: Weiss, Sharon
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: three-dimensional (3D) perturbation approach
Clues to the Metallicity Distribution in the Galactic Bulge: Abundances in OGLE-2007_BLG-349S
Creators: name: Cohen, Judith G.
name: Huang, Wenjin
name: Udalski, A.
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Johnson, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an abundance analysis based on high dispersion and high signal-to-noise ratio Keck spectra of a very highly microlensed Galactic bulge dwarf, OGLE-2007-BLG-349S, with Teff ~ 5400 K. The amplification at the time the spectra were taken ranged from 350 to 450. This bulge star is highly enhanced in metallicity with [Fe/H] = +0.51 \pm 0.09 dex. The abundance ratios for the 28 species of 26 elements for which features could be detected in the spectra are solar. In particular, there is no evidence for enhancement of any of the alpha-elements including O and Mg. We conclude that the high [Fe/H] seen in this star, when combined with the equally high [Fe/H] derived in previous detailed abundance analysis of two other Galactic bulge dwarfs, both also microlensed, implies that the median metallicity in the Galactic bulge is very high. We thus infer that many previous estimates of the metallicity distribution in the Galactic bulge have substantially underestimated the mean Fe-metallicity there due to sample bias, and suggest a candidate mechanism for such. If our conjecture proves valid, it may be necessary to update the calibrations for the algorithms used by many groups to interpret spectra and broad band photometry of the integrated light of very metal-rich old stellar populations, including luminous elliptical galaxies.
description: version accepted by the ApJ, minor changes from originl submission, 38 pages with 6 figures (2 in color)