cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Improvement Areas for Increasing the Capacity of Ethio-Djibouti Railway Line
Creators: name: YOHANNES MELKAMU
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Ethio-Djibouti railway line can support the economic growth of the country by allowing transportation of more goods than now, reduce greenhouse gas emission (environmental friendly), reduce road congestion, allows the country to increase the variety of export goods. This research aims to analyze the capacity issues of Ethio-Djibouti railway line and identify and assess possible capacity improvement areas to satisfy the railway transport demand of Ethiopia for the coming 50years time period.

To attain the objective of the research firstly practical capacity of the existing Ethio-Djibouti railway line is done by UIC405 analytical method; secondly railway transportation demand for both freight and passenger is assessed along the corridor; it"s obvious that the capacity of the existing railway will saturate in the future, the saturation year is identified by comparing the practical capacity of Ethio-Djibouti railway line with railway transportation demand analysis done along the corridor. Finally possible capacity expansion plan mainly infrastructure improvement is identified in this research.
Undescribed chalcone and stilbene constituents from Lysimachia baviensis and their anti-inflammatory effect
Creators: name: Hung, Nguyen Quang
name: Anh, Nguyen Thi Hong
name: Khang, Nguyen Sinh
name: Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh
name: Luyenb, Nguyen Thi
name: Hau, Dang Viet
name: Dat, Nguyen Tien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the endemic Lysimachia baviensis were investigated for the first time in this study. A phytochemical fractionation of the methanol extract of L. baviensis resulted in the isolation of a new stilbene (bavienside A, 1) and two new chalcone glycosides (baviensides B and C, 2 and 3). Their structures were elucidated via the interpretation of NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. Compounds 1–3 strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the IC50 values of 6.23, 2.86 and 3.51 μM, respectively. The C-acetylstilbene and carbomethyl chalcone structures in compound 1 and 3 were found for the first time from natural source and could be important markers for chemotaxonomy of Lysimachia baviensis.
title: Übersetzung in Türkisch: COPD. Was passiert bei COPD?
Creators: name: Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Publisher: name: Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Kurzinformation für Patienten
Humanoid Robot With Vision Recognition Control System
Creators: name: Basca, Cosmin
name: Talos, Mihai
name: Brad, Remus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a solution to controlling humanoid robotic systems. The robot can be programmed to execute certain complex actions based on basic motion primitives. The humanoid robot is programmed using a PC. The software running on the PC can obtain at any given moment information about the state of the robot, or it can program the robot to execute a different action, providing the possibility of implementing a complex behavior. We want to provide the robotic system the ability to understand more on the external real world. In this paper we describe a method for detecting ellipses in real world images using the Randomized Hough Transform with Result Clustering. Real world images are preprocessed, noise reduction, greyscale transform, edge detection and finaly binarization in order to be processed by the actual ellipse detector. After all the ellipses are detected a post processing phase clusters the results.
Graphical tools for selecting conditional instrumental sets
Creators: name: Henckel, Leonard
name: Buttenschön, Martin
name: Maathuis, Marloes H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the efficient estimation of total causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding using conditional instrumental sets. Specifically, we consider the two-stage least squares estimator in the setting of a linear structural equation model with correlated errors that is compatible with a known acyclic directed mixed graph. To set the stage for our results, we characterize the class of linearly valid conditional instrumental sets that yield consistent two-stage least squares estimators for the target total effect and derive a new asymptotic variance formula for these estimators. Equipped with these results, we provide three graphical tools for selecting more efficient linearly valid conditional instrumental sets. First, a graphical criterion that for certain pairs of linearly valid conditional instrumental sets identifies which of the two corresponding estimators has the smaller asymptotic variance. Second, an algorithm that greedily adds covariates that reduce the asymptotic variance to a given linearly valid conditional instrumental set. Third, a linearly valid conditional instrumental set for which the corresponding estimator has the smallest asymptotic variance that can be ensured with a graphical criterion.
description: Accepted at Biometrika
Natural based products for cleaning copper and copper alloys artefacts
Creators: name: Macchia, Andrea
name: Colasanti, Irene Angela
name: Rivaroli, Laura
name: Favero, Gabriele
name: de Caro, Tilde
name: Munoz, Leonardo Pantoja
name: Campanella, Luigi
name: La Russa, Mauro Francesco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Copper alloys objects can deteriorate their conservation state through irreversible corrosion. Since in the cultural heritage field every artefact is unique and any loss irreplaceable, solutions for conservation are needed. Hence, there is the necessity to stop the corrosion process with a suitable cleaning and conservation process to avoid further degradation processes without changing its morphological aspect. Chelating solutions are commonly used in chemical cleaning, mainly sodium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). However, it is resistant to water purification procedures and is not biodegradable. The goal of this study was to see if applying an ecologically friendly chelating agent as an alternative to EDTA cleaning procedures for cultural heritage was suitable. In this study were chosen six natural-based chelators that could be a new green non-toxic alternative to EDTA in corrosion-inhibiting properties. They were tested for cleaning copper artefacts exposed to atmospheric environment in polluted areas. The study considered four amino acids, a glucoheptonate (CSA) and an industrial green chelator (GLDA). The effectiveness was tested on corrosion copper compounds and on laboratory corroded copper sheets. Finally, the cleaning efficacy was tested on four Roman coins and a modern copper painting. To define the cleaning efficacy, surface analytical investigations have been carried out by means ICP-OES, UV-VIS, µ-Raman, spectro-colorimetry, XRD and FTIR. Among the amino acids, alanine was the most effective, showing an unaltered noble patina and a good effective copper recovery from corrosion patinas.
A Historical Interaction between Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy
Creators: name: Zhang, Youheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper reviews the historical development of AI and representative philosophical thinking from the perspective of the research paradigm. Additionally, it considers the methodology and applications of AI from a philosophical perspective and anticipates its continued advancement. In the history of AI, Symbolism and connectionism are the two main paradigms in AI research. Symbolism holds that the world can be explained by symbols and dealt with through precise, logical processes, but connectionism believes this process should be implemented through artificial neural networks. Regardless of how intelligent machines or programs should achieve their smart goals, the historical development of AI demonstrates the best answer at this time. Still, it is not the final answer of AI research.
On SL(2)-orbit theorems
Creators: name: Kato, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D07, 14C30, 58A14

description: We extend SL(2)-orbit theorems for degeneration of mixed Hodge structures to a situation in which we do not assume the polarizability of graded quotients. We also obtain analogous results on Deligne systems.
description: 16 pages
The Inverse Transparency Toolchain: A Fully Integrated and Quickly Deployable Data Usage Logging Infrastructure
Creators: name: Zieglmeier, Valentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inverse transparency is created by making all usages of employee data visible to them. This requires tools that handle the logging and storage of usage information, and making logged data visible to data owners. For research and teaching contexts that integrate inverse transparency, creating this required infrastructure can be challenging. The Inverse Transparency Toolchain presents a flexible solution for such scenarios. It can be easily deployed and is tightly integrated. With it, we successfully handled use cases covering empirical studies with users, prototyping in university courses, and experimentation with our industry partner.
description: Peer-reviewed version published in Software Impacts
Critical phase dualities in 1D exactly-solvable quasiperiodic models
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Miguel
name: Amorim, Bruno
name: Castro, Eduardo V.
name: Ribeiro, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a solvable class of 1D quasiperiodic tight-binding models encompassing extended, localized, and critical phases, separated by nontrivial mobility edges. Limiting cases include the Aubry-André model and the models of PRL 114, 146601 and PRL 104, 070601. The analytical treatment follows from recognizing these models as a novel type of fixed-points of the renormalization group procedure recently proposed in arXiv:2206.13549 for characterizing phases of quasiperiodic structures. Beyond known limits, the proposed class of models extends previously encountered localized-delocalized duality transformations to points within multifractal critical phases. Besides an experimental confirmation of multifractal duality, realizing the proposed class of models in optical lattices allows stabilizing multifractal critical phases and non-trivial mobility edges without the need for the unbounded potentials required by previous proposals.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2206.13549
Inhomogeneous Spatially Dispersive Electromagnetic Media
Creators: name: Gratus, Jonathan
name: McCormack, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two key types of inhomogeneous spatially dispersive media are described, both based on a spatially dispersive generalisation of the single resonance model of permittivity. The boundary conditions for two such media with different properties are investigated using Lagrangian and distributional methods. Wave packet solutions to Maxwell's equations, where the permittivity varies and is periodic in the medium, are then found.
description: Conference: Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 12-15, 2013 Published version available at http://piers.org/piersproceedings/piers2013StockholmProc.php?searchname=gratus
Time evolution of spread complexity in quenched Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model
Creators: name: Afrasiar, Mir
name: Basak, Jaydeep Kumar
name: Dey, Bidyut
name: Pal, Kunal
name: Pal, Kuntal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the spread complexity of a time evolved state after a sudden quantum quench in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model prepared in the ground state as a probe of quantum phase transition when the system is quenched towards the critical point. By studying the growth of the effective number of elements of the Krylov basis, those contribute to the spread complexity more than a preassigned cut off, we show how the two phases of the LMG model can be distinguished. We also explore the time evolution of spread entropy after both non-critical and critical quenches. We show that the sum contributing to the spread entropy converges slowly in the symmetric phase of the LMG model compared to that of the broken phase, and for a critical quench, the spread entropy diverges logarithmically at late times.
description: 37 pages, 14 figures, minor changes and references added
An Optimized Self-adjusting Model for EEGData Analysis in Online Education Processes
Creators: name: Zhang, Haolan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460806
subject: Human-computer interaction
classificationCode: 490304
subject: Optimisation
classificationCode: 460804
subject: Computing education
classificationCode: 520102
subject: Educational psychology

description: Studying on EEG (Electroencephalography) data instances to dis?cover potential recognizable patterns has been a emerging hot topic in recentyears, particularly for cognitive analysis in online education areas. Machinelearning techniques have been widely adopted in EEG analytical processes fornon-invasive brain research. Existing work indicated that human brain canproduce EEG signals under the stimulation of specific activities. This paperutilizes an optimized data analytical model to identify statuses of brain wave andfurther discover brain activity patterns. The proposed model, i.e. Seg?mented EEG Graph using PLA (SEGPA), that incorporates optimized dataprocessing methods and EEG-based analytical for EEG data analysis. The datasegmentation techniques are incorporated in SEGPA model. This researchproposes a potentially efficient method for recognizing human brain activitiesthat can be used for machinery control. The experimental results reveal thepositive discovery in EEG data analysis based on the optimized samplingmethods. The proposed model can be used for identifying students cognitivestatuses and improve educational performance in COVID19 period.
Enzymatic AND Logic Gate with Sigmoid Response Induced by Photochemically Controlled Oxidation of the Output
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
name: Fratto, Brian E.
name: Zavalov, Oleksandr
name: Halamek, Jan
name: Katz, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We report a study of a system which involves an enzymatic cascade realizing an AND logic gate, with an added photochemical processing of the output allowing to make the gate's response sigmoid in both inputs. New functional forms are developed for quantifying the kinetics of such systems, specifically designed to model their response in terms of signal and information processing. These theoretical expressions are tested for the studied system, which also allows us to consider aspects of biochemical information processing such as noise transmission properties and control of timing of the chemical and physical steps.
Evaluating the Planning and Operational Resilience of Electrical Distribution Systems with Distributed Energy Resources using Complex Network Theory
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Divyanshi
name: Yemula, Pradeep Kumar
name: Pal, Mayukha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electrical Distribution Systems are extensively penetrated with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to cater the energy demands with the general perception that it enhances the system's resilience. However, integration of DERs may adversely affect the grid operation and affect the system resilience due to various factors like their intermittent availability, dynamics of weather conditions, non-linearity, complexity, number of malicious threats, and improved reliability requirements of consumers. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the planning and operational resilience of power distribution systems under extreme events and determines the withstand capability of the electrical network. The proposed framework is developed by effectively employing the complex network theory. Correlated networks for undesirable configurations are developed from the time series data of active power monitored at nodes of the electrical network. For these correlated networks, computed the network parameters such as clustering coefficient, assortative coefficient, average degree and power law exponent for the anticipation; and percolation threshold for the determination of the network withstand capability under extreme conditions. The proposed methodology is also suitable for identifying the hosting capacity of solar panels in the system while maintaining resilience under different unfavourable conditions and identifying the most critical nodes of the system that could drive the system into non-resilience. This framework is demonstrated on IEEE 123 node test feeder by generating active power time-series data for a variety of electrical conditions using simulation software, GridLAB-D. The percolation threshold resulted as an effective metric for the determination of the planning and operational resilience of the power distribution system.
Health Implications of Occupational Hazards for Street Cleaners in Eldoret Town, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Creators: name: Samuel, Kwame Njeru
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Occupational Health, Hazards, Street Cleaners, Kenya

description: This study sought to investigate the effects of occupational health hazards on street cleaners’ health in Eldoret town of Kenya. The researcher adopted a crosssectional descriptive survey design involving 70 street cleaners and 1 public health staffing officer from the department of environment in Uasin Gishu County who were purposively sampled. Data was analysed  through descriptive statistics with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)version 23.0 and the results presented in frequency tables, pie charts and bar graphs. It was established that various occupational health hazards were affecting street cleaners including: exhaust, chem icals (acids and bases), noise (from vehicles, motorbikes and human) welding lights decomposed foods and falling objects from constructions and moving vehicles carrying materials. The study also found that most street cleaners have little knowledge on possible  ways infections and diseases are being transmitted within their working environment.  The study concluded that occupational health hazards has led to coughs, chest pains, body injuries (broken leg/hand), hearing problems, skin irritation, low back pain , joints pain, eye irritation and loss of eyesight among the street cleaners. The study recommends that an awareness creation program coupled with behaviour change counselling (BCC) activities be prioritized as appropriate intervention to address the lack of knowledge on health hazards and low risks perception among street cleaners
The kilo-second variability of X-ray sources in nearby galaxies
Creators: name: Mandal, Soma
name: Misra, Ranjeev
name: Dewangan, Gulab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chandra observations of 17 nearby galaxies were analysed and 166 bright sources with X-ray counts > 100, were chosen for temporal analysis. Fractional root mean square variability amplitudes were estimated for lightcurves binned at ~ 4 ksec and of length ~ 40 ksec. While there are nine ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with unabsorbed luminosity (in 0.3-8.0 keV band) L > 10^39 erg/s in the sample for which the fractional r.m.s variability is constrained to be < 10%, only two of them show variability. One of the variable ULXs exhibits a secular transition and has a ultra-soft spectrum with temperature ~ 0.3 keV while the other is a rapidly varying source in NGC 0628, which has been previously compared to the Galactic micro-quasar GRS1915+105. These results seem to indicate that ULXs are typically not highly variable in ksec time-scales, except for some ultra-soft ones. Among the relatively low luminosity sources (L ~ 10^38 erg/s) we find five of them to be variable. Apart from an earlier known source in NGC 1569, we identify a source in NGC 2403, which exhibits persistent high amplitude fluctuations.The variability of the sources in general, do not seem to be correlated with hardness,which indicates that they may not be due to variations in any absorbing material, but instead could reflect inner accretion disk instabilities.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
Pelta: Shielding Transformers to Mitigate Evasion Attacks in Federated Learning
Creators: name: Queyrut, Simon
name: Bromberg, Yérom-David
name: Schiavoni, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The main premise of federated learning is that machine learning model updates are computed locally, in particular to preserve user data privacy, as those never leave the perimeter of their device. This mechanism supposes the general model, once aggregated, to be broadcast to collaborating and non malicious nodes. However, without proper defenses, compromised clients can easily probe the model inside their local memory in search of adversarial examples. For instance, considering image-based applications, adversarial examples consist of imperceptibly perturbed images (to the human eye) misclassified by the local model, which can be later presented to a victim node's counterpart model to replicate the attack. To mitigate such malicious probing, we introduce Pelta, a novel shielding mechanism leveraging trusted hardware. By harnessing the capabilities of Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), Pelta masks part of the back-propagation chain rule, otherwise typically exploited by attackers for the design of malicious samples. We evaluate Pelta on a state of the art ensemble model and demonstrate its effectiveness against the Self Attention Gradient adversarial Attack.
Exploring Contraceptive Knowledge and Attitudes among Adolescents in Ahoada West Local Government Area
Creators: name: Chika, Joy Nwankwo
name: Elechi,, Comfort
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Contraceptive, Knowledge, Adolescents, Ahoada East, Rivers State

description: This study investigated the knowledge of contraceptive among adolescents in Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State. 3 hypothesis tested at 0.5 level of significance guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. A sample of 300 respondents was selected using multistage sampling procedure. The questionnaire made of section A, which concentrated on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and B, emphasized knowledge of contraceptives validated by 3 experts in reproductive health. The reliability of the instrument was determined with the test-re-test and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of 0.75 was obtained. The results of the study were; gender significantly influences adolescent knowledge of contraceptive (df = 1, X2 = 6.538, P = 0.00). Age significantly influences adolescent knowledge of contraceptive, (df = 1, X2 = 15.495, P = 0.00) and that religion significantly influences adolescents knowledge of contraceptives (df = 1, X2 =68.7, P = 0.00). Based on the findings of the study some recommendations were made, which included; teachers and parents should give relevant sexuality education to adolescents before their engaging in sexual activities and the government should put in legislations emphasizing free access to contraceptive health services for adolescent especially in Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State.
Spatial and spectral characterization of photon pairs at telecommunication-wavelength from type-0 spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Creators: name: Ortega, Evelyn A.
name: Fuenzalida, Jorge
name: Selimovic, Mirela
name: Dovzhik, Krishna
name: Achatz, Lukas
name: Wengerowsky, Soeren
name: Shiozaki, Rodrigo F.
name: Neumann, Sebastian Philipp
name: Bohmann, Martin
name: Ursin, Rupert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thorough characterization of entangled-photon sources is vital for their optimal use in quantum communication. However, this task is not trivial at telecommunication wavelengths. While cameras and spectrometers are well developed for visible and near-infrared spectra, that does not apply in the mid-infrared range. Here we present a spatial and spectral characterization of photon pairs emitted in a type-0 phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-converted source. We experimentally show how these photon properties are modified by the crystal temperature. This parameter allows easy modification of photon-pair properties to fit novel multiplexing schemes based on only one entanglement photon source. Our results pave the way for the optimal design and use of spatial and spectral properties of quantum-correlated photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths.
Techniques frequently used during London Olympic judo tournaments: a biomechanical approach
Creators: name: Sterkowicz, Stanislav
name: Sacripanti, Attilio
name: Sterkowicz_Przybycien, Katarina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feedback between training and competition should be considered in athletic training.The aim of the study was contemporary coaching tendencies in women s and men s judo with particular focus on a biomechanical classification of throws and grappling actions. Throwing technique frequencies grouped in the seven biomechanical classes were dependent on gender. A significant difference was found between frequencies of variable arm of physical lever technique scored by males and females as compared to the techniques counts. Significant differences between men who competed in extra lightweight and heavy weight concerned the frequency of the techniques used with maximum arm or variable arm of physical lever and a couple of forces applied by trunk and legs.In females a tendency to higher frequency of techniques that used couple of forces applied by arm or arms and leg was observed in extra lightweight compared to the heavy weight. Because the technique preferred in the fight depends on a gender and weight category of a judoka, the relationships found in this study, which can be justified by the biomechanics of throws, should be taken into consideration in technical and tactical coaching of the contestants. A method used in this study can be recommended for future research concerning coaching tendencies
description: 13 pages 11 figures 6 tables extended version with effectiveness of throws
Understanding the Effect of Counterfactual Explanations on Trust and Reliance on AI for Human-AI Collaborative Clinical Decision Making
Creators: name: Lee, Min Hun
name: Chew, Chong Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being considered to assist human decision-making in high-stake domains (e.g. health). However, researchers have discussed an issue that humans can over-rely on wrong suggestions of the AI model instead of achieving human AI complementary performance. In this work, we utilized salient feature explanations along with what-if, counterfactual explanations to make humans review AI suggestions more analytically to reduce overreliance on AI and explored the effect of these explanations on trust and reliance on AI during clinical decision-making. We conducted an experiment with seven therapists and ten laypersons on the task of assessing post-stroke survivors' quality of motion, and analyzed their performance, agreement level on the task, and reliance on AI without and with two types of AI explanations. Our results showed that the AI model with both salient features and counterfactual explanations assisted therapists and laypersons to improve their performance and agreement level on the task when `right' AI outputs are presented. While both therapists and laypersons over-relied on `wrong' AI outputs, counterfactual explanations assisted both therapists and laypersons to reduce their over-reliance on `wrong' AI outputs by 21\% compared to salient feature explanations. Specifically, laypersons had higher performance degrades by 18.0 f1-score with salient feature explanations and 14.0 f1-score with counterfactual explanations than therapists with performance degrades of 8.6 and 2.8 f1-scores respectively. Our work discusses the potential of counterfactual explanations to better estimate the accuracy of an AI model and reduce over-reliance on `wrong' AI outputs and implications for improving human-AI collaborative decision-making.
description: ACM CSCW 2023
Celebrity or just popular? Identifying the Zambian celebrity and their display of economic and political power
Creators: name: Mambwe, Elastus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Celebrity
Zambia Celebrity
Celebrity in global south

description: The field of Celebrity studies has generated a lot on interest and debate. But since becoming recognized as an area of academic study, firstly following the publication of Star in 1979 by Richard Dryer, and then the subsequent growth of research on this unique field, the field has grown and continues to attract more and more scholarly work due to its fascinating, multi-faceted, dynamic and interdisciplinary nature. While most scholars in the field, particularly those from the west, grapple with decriers that see this field as being irrelevant or as being form of fixation or a ‘guilty pleasure’ (Marshall, 2006), the situation for countries such as Zambia is different. In fact, the fight is not in dealing with critics, but rather at the very basic level: identifying who fits the bill of celebrity. For Zambia, that the idea of celebrity is still in its conception and it is one lost in interpretation. Whereas the understanding of who is and is not a celebrity is commonplace in the developed world as well as their role in media economy, and sometimes politics, the ‘who?’ and ‘why’ in Zambia is imprecise, and their role, if any, in the media economic and political landscape is largely unclear. This paper asks questions such as: what in terms of characteristics qualifies one to be a celebrity in Zambia? who fits this description? what power (if any) do these individuals’ have in shaping public opinion? what role do celebrities play on the economic and political landscape? Drawing from various ideas in Celebrity studies, and using quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection such as structured interviews, in-depth interviews, media monitoring and review of literature, this study sought to provide the answers to the questions raised in the hope of identifying the Zambian celebrity and their display of economic and political power. The study also wanted to show what role celebrities play in breaking down barriers, regional, political or economic, that exist in Zambian society. The study, in addition to identifying and understanding this emerging social phenomenon, sought to provide a sound foundation for future research in celebrity culture in Zambia and open up doors to perhaps defining a unique brand of ‘celebrity.’ Conclusions The idea of celebrity, while it exists, can not be viewed in the same way as it is generally seen in most cases of the word. Defining who a celebrity is in Zambia is still difficult as it is generally, but in Africa, the definition of who the celebrity will most likely include a perception related aspect based on the personsmoral disposition and the nature of influence they exert, mostly positive. There is need for more research in this area in Africa so as to establish regional framings of the concept and better understand its spatial implications on social, economic and political power.
An efficient playout smoothing mechanism for layered streaming in P2P networks
Creators: name: Bradai, Abbas
name: Abbasi, Ubaid
name: Landa, Raul
name: Ahmed, Toufik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Layered video streaming in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks has drawn great interest, since it can not only accommodate large numbers of users, but also handle peer heterogeneity. However, there's still a lack of comprehensive studies on chunk scheduling for the smooth playout of layered streams in P2P networks. In these situations, a playout smoothing mechanism can be used to ensure the uniform delivery of the layered stream. This can be achieved by reducing the quality changes that the stream undergoes when adapting to changing network conditions. This paper complements previous efforts in throughput maximization and delay minimization for P2P streaming by considering the consequences of playout smoothing on the scheduling mechanisms for stream layer acquisition. The two main problems to be considered when designing a playout smoothing mechanism for P2P streaming are the fluctuation in available bandwidth between peers and the unreliability of user-contributed resources--particularly peer churn. Since the consideration of these two factors in the selection and scheduling of stream layers is crucial to maintain smooth stream playout, the main objective of our smoothing mechanism becomes the determination of how many layers
Spatio-temporal programming of lyotropic phase transition in nanoporous microfluidic confinements
Creators: name: Ulaganathan, Vamseekrishna
name: Sengupta, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-assembly of simple molecules into complex phases can be driven by physical constraints, for instance, due to selective molecular uptake by nanoporous surfaces. Despite the significance of surface-mediated assembly in evolution of life, physical routes to molecular enrichment and assembly have remained overlooked. Here, using a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal as model biological material, confined within nanoporous microfluidic environments, we study molecular assembly driven by nanoporous substrates. We demonstrate that nanoporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces, due to selective permeation of water molecules, drive transition of disordered isotropic phase to ordered nematic, and higher order columnar phases under isothermal conditions. Synergistically, by tailoring the wettability, the surface-to-volume ratio, and surface topography of the confinements, we program the lyotropic phase transitions with a high degree of spatial and temporal control. Using a combination of timelapse polarized imaging, quantitative image processing, and a simple mathematical model, we analyze the phase transitions, and construct a master diagram capturing the role of surface wettability and channel geometry on programmable lyotropic phase transitions. Intrinsic PDMS nanoporosity and confinement cross-section, together with the imposed wettability regulate the rate of the N-M phase transition; whereas the microfluidic geometry and embedded topography enable phase transition at targeted locations. We harness the emergent long-range order during N-M transition to actuate elasto-advective transport of embedded micro-cargo, demonstrating particle manipulation concepts governed by tunable phase transitions. Our results present a programmable physical route to material assembly, and offer a new paradigm for assembling genetic components, biological cargo, and minimal synthetic cells.
description: 33 pages including supplementary materials; 5 main figures and 4 supplementary figures; the second author of the paper (Irvine Lian Hao Ong, in Version 1) has withdrawn co-authorship of this paper
Characterizing the Dust Coma of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) at 4.15 AU from the Sun
Creators: name: Li, Jian-Yang
name: Kelley, Michael S. P.
name: Knight, Matthew M.
name: Farnham, Tony L.
name: Weaver, Harold A.
name: A'Hearn, Michael F.
name: Mutchler, Max J.
name: Kolokolova, Ludmilla
name: Lamy, Philippe
name: Toth, Imre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from broadband visible images of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 on 2013 April 10. C/ISON's coma brightness follows a 1/ρ (where ρ is the projected distance from the nucleus) profile out to 5000 km, consistent with a constant speed dust outflow model. The turnaround distance in the sunward direction suggests that the dust coma is composed of sub-micron-sized particles emitted at speeds of tens of meters s$^{-1}$. A(θ)fρ, which is commonly used to characterize the dust production rate, was 1340 and 1240 cm in the F606W and F438W filters, respectively, in apertures <1.6" in radius. The dust colors are slightly redder than solar, with a slope of 5.0$\pm$0.2% per 100 nm, increasing to >10% per 100 nm 10,000 km down the tail. The colors are similar to those of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and other long-period comets, but somewhat bluer than typical values for short-period comets. The spatial color variations are also reminiscent of C/Hale-Bopp. A sunward jet is visible in enhanced images, curving to the north and then tailward in the outer coma. The 1.6"-long jet is centered at a position angle of 291$^\circ$, with an opening angle of about 45$^\circ$. The jet morphology remains unchanged over 19 hours of our observations, suggesting that it is near the rotational pole of the nucleus, and implying that the pole points to within 30 deg of (RA, Dec) = (330$^\circ$, 0$^\circ$). This pole orientation indicates a high obliquity of 50$^\circ$-80$^\circ$.
Your Negative May not Be True Negative: Boosting Image-Text Matching with False Negative Elimination
Creators: name: Li, Haoxuan
name: Bin, Yi
name: Liao, Junrong
name: Yang, Yang
name: Shen, Heng Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most existing image-text matching methods adopt triplet loss as the optimization objective, and choosing a proper negative sample for the triplet of is important for effectively training the model, e.g., hard negatives make the model learn efficiently and effectively. However, we observe that existing methods mainly employ the most similar samples as hard negatives, which may not be true negatives. In other words, the samples with high similarity but not paired with the anchor may reserve positive semantic associations, and we call them false negatives. Repelling these false negatives in triplet loss would mislead the semantic representation learning and result in inferior retrieval performance. In this paper, we propose a novel False Negative Elimination (FNE) strategy to select negatives via sampling, which could alleviate the problem introduced by false negatives. Specifically, we first construct the distributions of positive and negative samples separately via their similarities with the anchor, based on the features extracted from image and text encoders. Then we calculate the false negative probability of a given sample based on its similarity with the anchor and the above distributions via the Bayes' rule, which is employed as the sampling weight during negative sampling process. Since there may not exist any false negative in a small batch size, we design a memory module with momentum to retain a large negative buffer and implement our negative sampling strategy spanning over the buffer. In addition, to make the model focus on hard negatives, we reassign the sampling weights for the simple negatives with a cut-down strategy. The extensive experiments are conducted on Flickr30K and MS-COCO, and the results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed false negative elimination strategy. The code is available at https://github.com/LuminosityX/FNE.
description: Accepted at ACM MM 2023
Computation of dynamical correlation functions of the spin-1 Babujan-Takhtajan chain
Creators: name: Vlijm, Rogier
name: Caux, Jean-Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical structure factor of the Babujan-Takhtajan antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain is computed numerically at zero temperature and zero magnetic field, using the higher-spin generalization of an Algebraic Bethe Ansatz-based method previously used for spin-1/2 integrable chains. This method, which consists in the explicit construction of eigenstates and the summation of the Lehmann representation of the correlator, is here particularly challenging to implement in view of the presence of strongly deviated string solutions to the Bethe equations. We show that a careful treatment of these deviations makes it possible to obtain perfect saturation of sum rules for small system sizes, and extremely good saturation for large system sizes where the dynamical structure factor is computed by including all two-spinon and four-spinon contributions. The real-space spin-spin correlation, obtained by Fourier transforming our results, displays asymptotics fitting predictions from conformal field theory.
description: 39 pages, 5 figuers
Characterizations of EP and normal Banach algebra elements and Banach space operators
Creators: name: Boasso, Enrico
name: Rakočević, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A09, 47A05

description: Several characterizations of EP and normal Moore-Penrose invertible Banach algebra elements will be considered. The Banach space operator case will be also studied. The results of the present article will extend well known facts obtained in the frames of matrices and Hilbert space operators.
description: 15 pages; original research article
Interstellar Dust models towards some IUE stars
Creators: name: Katyal, Nisha
name: Gupta, Ranjan
name: Vaidya, D B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the extinction properties of the composite dust grains, consisting of host silicate spheroids and graphite as inclusions, using discrete dipole approximation (DDA). We calculate the extinction cross sections of the composite grains in the ultraviolet spectral region, 1200Å-3200Åand study the variation in extinction as a function of the volume fraction of the inclusions. We compare the model extinction curves with the observed interstellar extinction curves obtained from the data given by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite. Our results for the composite grains show a distinct variation in the extinction efficiencies with the variation in the volume fraction of the inclusions. In particular, it is found that the wavelength of peak absorption at `2175Å' shifts towards the longer wavelength with the variation in the volume fraction of inclusions. We find that the composite grain models with the axial ratios viz. 1.33 and 2.0 fit the observed extinction reasonably well with a grain size distribution, a = 0.005-0.250$μm$. Moreover, our results of the composite grains clearly indicate that the inhomogeneity in the grain structure, composition and the surrounding media modifies the extinction properties of the grains.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PASP
Symplectic geometry and Koopman dynamics at the quantum-classical interface
Creators: name: Tronci, Cesare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Going back to the early days in the history of quantum mechanics, the interaction of quantum and classical systems stands among the most intriguing open questions in science and makes its appearance in several fields, from physics to chemistry. Recently, a new perspective on this problem was unfolded by an unprecedented combination of symplectic geometry and Koopman's formulation of classical mechanics.
description: Feature article to appear in the Newsletter of the London Mathematical Society