cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Growth of Larval and Juvenile Newts
Creators: name: Baker, John Mark Roswell
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: In smooth newts (Triturus vulgaris), adult body size is determined by mainly by growth during the pre-maturity stages. Adult body size is frequently related to reproductive success and hence fitness. This project examined factors affecting growth during the prematurity stages. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on the effects of adult body size on reproductive success in urodeles with particular reference to newts of the Triturus genus. This review identifies the need to experimentally test and further quantify body size effects. Two such studies are reported in Chapter 3. Chapter 3 examines the relationship between female body size and fecundity in female smooth newts and also examines short-term mating capacity in males. Female body size is strongly related to fecundity but there is only a weak relationship between male body size and the number of spermatophores deposited. Chapter 4 describes the pattern of growth of newt larvae (T. alpestris, T. cristatus and T. vulgaris) grown in the laboratory. Variation in larval period explains most of the body size variation at transformation. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 report studies investigating the effects of temperature, food availability, larval density, maternal effects, population effects and timing of oviposition on the growth of T. vittatus and T. vulgaris larvae in the laboratory and semi-natural conditions. Chapter 8 investigates growth during the eft stages of T. cristatus and T. vulgaris. The rank ordering of body sizes of individuals at transformation is preserved during the eft stage in T. vulgaris and T. cristatus, and to adulthood in T. cristatus. Variability between growth strategies of individual newts may have been naturally selected as a response to larval life in a variable and unpredictable environment.
The Economic Impacts of Breastfeeding: A Focus on USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Creators: name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Prell, Mark
name: Cheng, Xinzhe
name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Prell, Mark
name: Cheng, Xinzhe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Breastfeeding
subject: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women
subject: Infants
subject: Children
subject: WIC
subject: food package costs
subject: Medicaid
subject: health-related costs

description: In March 2018, Congress directed USDA’s Economic Research Service to report on the economic benefits of breastfeeding, including its potential cost savings for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Medicaid. As a result of that directive, this study examined the effects of a hypothetical increase in breastfeeding rates among WIC participants from their 2016 levels to medically recommended levels. The study defined medically recommended levels as 90 percent of infants are exclusively breastfed for their first 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding with the addition of complementary foods—but not infant formula—for the next 6 months. Results indicate that the number of mothers who participated in WIC that year would have increased by an estimated 646,000 per month, an 8-percent increase in the total number of WIC participants. WIC program costs would have risen by an estimated $252.4 million, or 4.2 percent of total costs in 2016. As a result of health benefits associated with breastfeeding, Federal Medicaid costs would have decreased by at least $111.6 million, resulting in an estimated increase of $140.9 million in combined Federal WIC and Medicaid costs. On the other hand, health-related cost savings that accrue to WIC households or their health insurance providers would have totaled $9.0 billion (excluding the savings that accrue to the Federal portion of Medicaid). Holding other factors constant, if the hypothetical increase in breastfeeding rates was sustained for future years, these estimated values for 2016 would represent cost impacts that recur each year.
Capturing the Complete Food Environment with Commercial Data: A Comparison of TDLinx, ReCount, and NETS Databases
Creators: name: Cho, Clare
name: W. McLaughlin, Patrick
name: Zeballos, Eliana
name: Kent, Jessica
name: Dicken, Chris
name: Cho, Clare
name: W. McLaughlin, Patrick
name: Zeballos, Eliana
name: Kent, Jessica
name: Dicken, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: NETS
subject: TDLinx
subject: ReCount
subject: food at home
subject: food away from home
subject: food environment

description: To study how consumers’ diet quality and health may be affected by the food environment, or the number and types of food outlets available in their local communities, USDA’s Economic Research Service uses three proprietary datasets: Nielsen TDLinx (food-at-home (FAH) establishments), NPD ReCount (food-away-from-home (FAFH) establishments), and National Establishment Time Series (NETS) (establishments across all industries). This study compares the 2012 data in these three datasets to each other and to the 2012 Economic Census to determine the relative coverage of the food environment across the United States in each dataset. Findings show that NETS reports a higher number of FAH and FAFH establishments operating in the United States than does TDLinx or ReCount, and that the share of TDLinx matches to FAH establishments in NETS is higher than the share of ReCount matches to FAFH establishments in NETS. Findings also highlight the difficulty of including nontraditional FAH retailers, such as drug stores and dollar stores, while excluding establishments that do not sell food. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of using innovative techniques to gather information on FAFH establishments.
Energy dependence of elliptic flow over a large pseudorapidity range in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: PHOBOS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the measurement of the energy dependence of elliptic flow for charged particles in Au+Au collisions using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Data taken at collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} =$ 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV are shown over a wide range in pseudorapidity. These results, when plotted as a function of $η'=|η|-y_{beam}$, scale with approximate linearity throughout $η'$, implying no sharp changes in the dynamics of particle production as a function of pseudorapidity or increasing beam energy.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Inelastic collisions in radiofrequency-dressed mixtures of ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Bentine, Elliot
name: Barker, Adam J.
name: Luksch, Kathrin
name: Sunami, Shinichi
name: Harte, Tiffany L.
name: Yuen, Ben
name: Foot, Christopher J.
name: Owens, Daniel J.
name: Hutson, Jeremy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiofrequency (RF)-dressed potentials are a promising technique for manipulating atomic mixtures, but so far little work has been undertaken to understand the collisions of atoms held within these traps. In this work, we dress a mixture of 85Rb and 87Rb with RF radiation, characterize the inelastic loss that occurs, and demonstrate species-selective manipulations. Our measurements show the loss is caused by two-body 87Rb+85Rb collisions, and we show the inelastic rate coefficient varies with detuning from the RF resonance. We explain our observations using quantum scattering calculations, which give reasonable agreement with the measurements. The calculations consider magnetic fields both perpendicular to the plane of RF polarization and tilted with respect to it. Our findings have important consequences for future experiments that dress mixtures with RF fields.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
title: Imaging the Meckel's Diverticulum and Its Complications
Creators: name: Tan , Timothy
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Diverticula
subject: Congenital
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Familiarise with the anatomy, embryology and pathology as well as the multi-modality imaging features of Meckel's Diverticulum (MD) and its complications. 2. Differentiate MD from its common...
The Food Assistance Landscape: FY 2018 Annual Report
Creators: name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Oliveira, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: food and nutrition assistance programs
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
subject: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women
subject: Infants, and Children (WIC)
subject: National School Lunch Program
subject: School Breakfast Program; Child and Adult Care Food Program food security
subject: economic conditions
subject: breastfeeding

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that together affect the lives of millions of people. Accounting for $96.1 billion, or over two-thirds of USDA’s annual budget, these programs also represent a significant Federal investment. This report uses preliminary data from USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to examine trends in U.S. food and nutrition assistance programs through fiscal year 2018 (October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018). It also highlights two recent Economic Research Service (ERS) reports: one that examines trends in the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in the United States through 2017 and another that estimates the economic impacts of increased breastfeeding among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Supplementary Information from Sibling quality and the haplodiploidy hypothesis
Creators: name: P. Kennedy
name: A. N. Radford
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Derivation of main text results.
Diffusion of gelation clusters in the Zimm model
Creators: name: Küntzel, Matthias
name: Löwe, Henning
name: Müller, Peter
name: Zippelius, Annette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a Zimm model we study selfdiffusion in a solution of crosslinked monomers. We focus on the effects of the hydrodynamic interaction on the dynamics and the critical behaviour at the sol-gel-point. Hydrodynamic interactions cause the clusters' diffusion constant to depend not only on the cluster's size but also on the cluster's shape -- in contrast to the Rouse model. This gives rise to a nontrivial scaling of the Kirkwood diffusion constant averaged over all clusters of fixed size $n$, ${\hat D}_n\sim n^{-{\hat b}}$ with ${\hat b}=1/d_s-1/2$ given in terms of the spectral dimension $d_s$ of critical percolation clusters. The long-time decay of the incoherent scattering function is determined by the diffusive motion of the largest clusters. This implies the critical vanishing $D_{\rm eff}\sim ε^a$ of the cluster-averaged effective diffusion constant at the gel point with exponent $a = (3/2 -τ+1/d_{s})/σ$.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; slightly expanded version, typos corrected; to appear in Eur. Phys. J. E
Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2019
Creators: name: Hellerstein, Daniel
name: Vilorio, Dennis
name: Hellerstein, Daniel
name: Vilorio, Dennis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: agricultural productivity, agricultural pest management, farmland ownership, irrigated agriculture,
subject: nutrient management, agricultural research and development, water conservation, antibiotics, biotechnology,
subject: Conservation Reserve Program, CRP, conservation tillage, cover crops, cropland acreage, CRP general and
subject: continuous signup, digital information technologies, drought adaptations, drought risk, erosion, farmland tenure,
subject: farmland values, forage suitability index, forestland, glyphosate, herbicide resistance, livestock, manure,
subject: oil and gas rights, organic soil matter, pasture and range, pollinators, honey bees, precision agriculture, soil
subject: health, Total Factor Productivity, TFP, U.S. conservation programs, U.S. land uses, water quality impacts of
subject: agriculture, wetland acres, wetland conservation programs, Wetlands Reserve Program, WRP.

description: Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2019, describes trends in economic, resource, and environmental indicators in the agriculture sector. Agriculture is dynamic, changing in response to economic, technological, environmental, and policy factors. The indicators covered in this report provide assessments of important changes in U.S. agriculture—the industry’s development, its environmental effects, and the implications for economic and environmental sustainability. The individual chapters track key natural, produced, and management resources that are used in or are affected by agricultural production, as well as structural changes in farm production and the economic conditions and policies that influence agricultural resource use and its environmental impacts. The chapters also direct interested readers to ERS research and data that provide more detailed description and analysis.
Bioökonomie aus Sicht der Bevölkerung
Creators: name: Hempel, Corinna
name: Will, Sabine
name: Zander, Katrin
name: Hempel, Corinna
name: Will, Sabine
name: Zander, Katrin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The transformation from our fossil-based economy to a more sustainable, bio-based economy demands a broad societal acceptance. Therefore, it is essential to learn more about people’s opinions, attitudes and doubts. Based on a Q study about the societal perspectives concerning bioeconomy in general, focus group discussions with a more specific focus on aspects of consumption were carried out. The participants debate in an area of tension between sufficiency strategies and the development of innovative technologies. The discussions were followed by a representative online survey in Germany which took on insights from the first two explorative studies and yielded quantifiable results. It becomes apparent that there are distinct perspectives which are very similar in their attitudes towards a bioeconomy, but that there is much heterogeneity in the society as a whole with regard to the assessment and feasibility of different actions for the protection of nature and resources. A lot of people feel badly informed and find it difficult to take the “right” decisions. They ask for support from politics which is assigned considerable responsibility for the development of a bioeconomy. Nevertheless, there is a very fine line between the demand for support and the feeling of paternalism through the state. The acceptance of different state measures is a field which needs to be further explored.
description: DOI:10.3220/WP1545134625000
title: Type of brain lesions as potential predictor of neurobehavioural impairment in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex
Creators: name: Krivdić Dupan, Zdravka
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Speech disorders
subject: Seizure disorders
subject: Congenital
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To determine if there is a connection between specific changes on brain MRI and neurobehavioural impairment in individuals with...
title: Is there still a place for the spot view in the evaluation of mammographically detected noncalcified abnormality?
Creators: name: Kovačević, Lucija
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Supplementary mammographic views have been an important part of the assessment process in women recalled following an abnormal screening mammogram. They are performed in addition to the standard mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal views to confirm...
Διαδικτυακά περιβάλλοντα μάθησης στη τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση: Μελέτη συνθηκών και αλληλεπιδράσεων φοιτητών/τριών
Creators: name: Παπαδοπούλου, Ελένη Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2021
Subjects: Παρουσία του εκπαιδευτικού
Συμμετοχή φοιτητών
Τηλεδιάσκεψη
Presence of the insructor
Student’s participation
Videoconference

description: Η χρήση της τηλεδιάσκεψης στην πραγματοποίηση εξ’ αποστάσεως διαδικτυακών προγραμμάτων σπουδών στη Τριτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση αποτελεί μία ειδική περίπτωση εκπαιδευτικού περιβάλλοντος. Τόσο ο εκπαιδευτικός όσο και οι μαθητές μέσα από τη δυνατότητα οπτικοακουστικών μηνυμάτων δημιουργούν μία φαινομενική παρουσία και συμμετοχή αντίστοιχα. Η παρούσα έρευνα διερευνά τις αντιλήψεις και τις απόψεις των φοιτητών/τριών για την παρουσία του εκπαιδευτικού αλλά και την επιρροή που η τελευταία ασκεί στη συμμετοχή τους στο συγκεκριμένο περιβάλλον μάθησης. Τα δεδομένα των συνεντεύξεων με 20 φοιτητές/τριες ελληνικών πανεπιστημίων αναδεικνύουν ότι ο εκπαιδευτικός γίνεται αντιληπτός στο εξ’ αποστάσεως διαδικτυακό περιβάλλον μάθησης με τη χρήση τηλεδιάσκεψης, μέσα από τη συμμετοχή των φοιτητών/τριών, ως δάσκαλος και ως άνθρωπος. Ο εκπαιδευτικός ως δάσκαλος είναι αυτός που δημιουργεί το χώρο συμμετοχής, με τη χρήση μεθόδων και τεχνικών διδασκαλίας, ενώ ως άνθρωπος δημιουργεί τη θετική ατμόσφαιρα, ώστε η συμμετοχή των εμπλεκόμενων στην μαθησιακή διαδικασία να γίνεται με όρους άνεσης και ασφάλειας. Επιπρόσθετα σύμφωνα με την άποψη των φοιτητών/τριών η κάμερα είναι εκείνη που καθιστά τον εκπαιδευτικό παρόντα, ενώ οι συμπεριφορές αμεσότητας του εκπαιδευτικού είναι εκείνες που επηρεάζουν τη δική τους συμμετοχή στο online μάθημα
description: The use of teleconferencing in the implementation of distance learning programs in Higher Education is a special case of educational environment. Both the instructor and the students through the possibility of audiovisual messages create an apparent presence and participation respectively. The present research explores the perceptions and views of students about the presence of the instructor and the influence that the latter has on their participation in the specific learning environment. The data of the interviews with 20 students of three Greek universities show that the instructor is perceived in the distance online learning environment with the use of video conferencing, through the participation of the students, as a teacher and as a person.The instructor as a teacher is the one who creates the participation space, with the use of teaching methods and techniques, while as a person he creates the positive atmosphere, so that the participation of those involved in the learning process is done in terms of comfort and safety. In addition, according to the students, the camera is what makes the instructor present, while the instructor's immediate behaviors are those that affect their own participation in the online lesson
Keeping Community in the Loop: Understanding Wikipedia Stakeholder Values for Machine Learning-Based Systems
Creators: name: Smith, C. Estelle
name: Yu, Bowen
name: Srivastava, Anjali
name: Halfaker, Aaron
name: Terveen, Loren
name: Zhu, Haiyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: On Wikipedia, sophisticated algorithmic tools are used to assess the quality of edits and take corrective actions. However, algorithms can fail to solve the problems they were designed for if they conflict with the values of communities who use them. In this study, we take a Value-Sensitive Algorithm Design approach to understanding a community-created and -maintained machine learning-based algorithm called the Objective Revision Evaluation System (ORES)---a quality prediction system used in numerous Wikipedia applications and contexts. Five major values converged across stakeholder groups that ORES (and its dependent applications) should: (1) reduce the effort of community maintenance, (2) maintain human judgement as the final authority, (3) support differing peoples' differing workflows, (4) encourage positive engagement with diverse editor groups, and (5) establish trustworthiness of people and algorithms within the community. We reveal tensions between these values and discuss implications for future research to improve algorithms like ORES.
description: 10 pages, 1 table, accepted paper to CHI 2020 conference
The role of Enterococcus faecalis during co-infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in avian colibacillosis
Creators: name: Walker, Grayson K.
name: M. Mitsu Suyemoto
name: Sesny Gall
name: Chen, Laura
name: Siddhartha Thakur
name: Borst, Luke B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Enterococcus spp. (ENT) are frequently co-isolated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) from poultry with colibacillosis, a leading cause of flock mortality. Although largely overlooked, ENT may play an active role in these infections. To assess the frequency of ENT co-isolation in colibacillosis, cultures were collected from birds with gross lesions of omphalitis, polyserositis, and septicaemia over a 3-year period from three turkey flocks and three broiler flocks. In birds diagnosed with colibacillosis based on gross findings and isolation of E. coli, ENT were co-isolated with APEC in 35.7% (n = 41/115) of colibacillosis mortality and 3.7% of total mortality (n = 41/1122). Co-isolated APEC and ENT pairs (n = 41) were further characterized using antimicrobial resistance phenotyping and in vitro co-culture assays. E. faecalis (EF) was the most commonly co-isolated species (68% n = 28/41) and tetracycline resistance was the resistance phenotype most commonly found among APEC (51% n = 21/41) and ENT (93% n = 38/41). Under iron-restricted conditions, EF enhanced APEC growth in a proximity-dependent manner and APEC grown in mixed culture with EF exhibited a significant growth and survival advantage (P ≤ 0.01). In an embryo lethality assay, APEC co-infection with EF resulted in decreased survival of broiler embryos compared to mono-infections (P ≤ 0.05). These data demonstrate that EF augmented APEC survival and growth under iron limiting conditions, possibly translating to the increased virulence of APEC in broiler embryos. Thus, ENT co-infections may be a previously unrecognized contributor to colibacillosis-related mortality. Further investigations into the mechanism of this interaction are warranted. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSEnterococcus is frequently co-isolated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC).Enterococcus faecalis (EF) enhances survival of APEC in iron restricted conditions.EF co-infection increases APEC virulence in broiler embryos. Enterococcus is frequently co-isolated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Enterococcus faecalis (EF) enhances survival of APEC in iron restricted conditions. EF co-infection increases APEC virulence in broiler embryos.
title: Multiple Viewpoints for Tutoring Systems.
Creators: name: Moyse, Roderick
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: This thesis investigates the issue of how a tutoring system, intelligent or otherwise, may be designed to utilise multiple viewpoints on the domain being tutored, and what benefits may accrue from this. The issue was relevant to earlier systems, such as WHY (Stevens et al. 1979) and STEAMER (Hollan et al. 1984). The relevant literature is reviewed, and criteria which must be met by our implementation of viewpoints are established. Viewpoints are conceptualised as pre-defined structures which can be represented in a tutoring system with the potential to increase its effectiveness and adaptability. A formalism is proposed where inferences are drawn from a model by a range of operators. The application of this combination to problems and goals is to be described heuristically. This formulation is then related to the educational philosophy of Cognitive Apprenticeship. The formalism is tested and refined in a protocol analysis study which leads to the definition of three classes of operators. The viewpoint structure is used to produce a detailed formulation of the domain of Prolog debugging for novices, with the goal that students should learn how different bugs may be localised using different viewpoints. Three models of execution are defined, based on those described by Bundy et al. (1985). These are mapped onto a restricted catalogue of bugs by specifying a number of conventions which produce a simplified and consistent domain suited to the needs of novices. VIPER, a tutoring system which can itself accomplish and explain the relevant domain tasks, is described. VIPER is based on a meta-interpreter which produces detailed execution histories which are then analysed. An evaluation of VIPER is reported, with generally favourable results. VIPER is discussed in relation to the research goals, the usefulness of Cognitive Apprenticeship in supporting such a design, and possible future work. This discussion exemplifies the use of established student modeling techniques, the implementation of other viewpoints on Prolog, and the application of the design strategy to other domains. Claims are made in relation to the formulation of viewpoints, the architecture of VIPER, and the relevance of Cognitive Apprenticeship to the use of multiple viewpoints.
title: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Dual Energy CT: Diagnostic performance of Virtual Noncalcium Technique for Detection of Bone Marrow Edema of the wrist
Creators: name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Arthritides
subject: Technical aspects
subject: MR
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Bones

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with virtual non-calcium (VNCa) technique in displaying bone marrow edema in wrist joints in participants with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compare to magnetic...
title: COVID-19: Correlation of early stage chest CT and pulmonary pathological findings.
Creators: name: Leale, Giacomo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The outbreak is due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of study is to describe characteristic chest computed...
Orbital capture of stars by a massive black hole via exchanges with compact remnants
Creators: name: Alexander, Tal
name: Livio, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a dynamical mechanism for capturing stars around a massive black hole (MBH), which is based on the accumulation there of a very dense cluster of compact stellar remnants. This study is motivated by the presence of ~10 young massive stars (M*~3-15 Mo, ~B9V--O8V) less than 0.04 pc from the MBH in the Galactic center (GC). Their existence in the extreme environment so close to a MBH is a challenge for theories of star formation and stellar dynamics. We show that young stars, which formed far from the MBH and were then scattered into eccentric orbits, repeatedly cross a cluster of stellar black holes (SBHs), where they may undergo rare direct 3-body exchanges with a MBH-SBH "binary". The interaction between two objects of similar mass ejects the SBH and captures the star on a tight orbit around the MBH. Such captures can naturally explain trends observed in the orbits of the young stars. We derive the capture cross-section, validate it by Monte-Carlo simulations, and calculate the number of captured stars in the GC using the currently uncertain estimates of the numbers of SBHs inside 0.04 pc and of young stars in the inner few pc of the GC. We find that under favorable conditions 3-body exchange can account for \~25% of the observed stars, mostly at the fainter end of the observed range. We discuss additional effects that possibly increase the capture efficiency. Future observations will establish whether there are enough SBHs and young stars for exchange captures to singly account for the central young stars. We estimate that there are also ~35 lower mass stars (M*~1-3 Mo, ~G2V--A0V) inside 0.04 pc similarly captured by exchanges with neutron stars. Ongoing replacement of compact remnants by main sequence stars may regulate the accumulation of compact remnants near the MBH.
description: ApJL in press. 4 pp, 1 fig (final version; typo fixed in eq. 1; refs updated)
An experimental analysis of German farmers’ decisions to buy or rent farmland
Creators: name: Danne, Michael
name: Buchholz, Matthias
name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Danne, Michael
name: Buchholz, Matthias
name: Musshoff, Oliver
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agricultural Land Market
subject: Rent-or-Buy Decision
subject: Discrete Choice Experiment
subject: Net Present Value

description: Farmland is a principal production factor in agricultural production. Farmers have the opportunity to buy or to rent farmland. In this paper, we apply a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to analyze farmers’ individual buying and rental decisions for farmland. The net present value (NPV) is used as normative benchmark to evaluate farmers’ decisions in the experiment. Sociodemographic and business variables as well as farmers expectations about developments of farmland prices are used as covariates in the econometric analysis. Our results reveal that farmers have a higher willingness to buy than to rent farmland. Covariates as the farm size and the farmers risk attitude influence the farmers’ decisions in the DCE while no effect was observable for the individual expected purchase price change. Finally, we find that farmers act only in nearly the half of all decision in accordance with the NPV.
title: Stability in the Numerical Treatment of Volterra Integral and Integro-Differential Equations with emphasis on Finite Recurrence Relations.
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Joan Christina
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: In the last two decades the theory of Volterra integral equations and of integro-differential equations has developed extensively. New classes of methods for the numerical solution of such equations have been developed and at the same time there have been advances in the qualitative theory of these equations. More frequent use is being made of Volterra equations to model various physical and biological phenomenon as new insight has occurred into the asymptotic behaviour of solutions. In consequence, there has emerged a need for reliable and efficient methods for the numerical treatment of such equations. This thesis is concerned with an aspect of numerical solution of Volterra integral and integro-differential equations. In Chapters 1 and 2 we are concerned with background material. We provide results on the classical theory of Volterra equations in Chapter 1 and on numerical methods in Chapter 2. The original material is contained in Chapters 3, 4 and 5. Here, stability results which involve the construction and analysis of finite-term recurrence relations are presented. The techniques relate to the treatment of Volterra integral and integro-differential equations. They permit the analysis of classical and 7-modified numerical methods. The results presented should be viewed as a contribution towards an understanding of numerical stability for the methods considered. The area is one in which further work (subsequent to the present investigation and involving advanced techniques) has been performed and where open questions still remain. The techniques which are employed in this thesis are applicable in other areas of numerical analysis and therefore have intrinsic interest.
Characterizing behavioral trends in a community driven discussion platform
Creators: name: Thukral, Sachin
name: Chatterjee, Arnab
name: Meisheri, Hardik
name: Kataria, Tushar
name: Agarwal, Aman
name: Verma, Ishan
name: Dey, Lipika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a systematic analysis of the patterns of behavior of individuals as well as groups observed in community-driven platforms for discussion like Reddit, where users usually exchange information and viewpoints on their topics of interest. We perform a statistical analysis of the behavior of posts and model the users' interactions around them. A platform like Reddit which has grown exponentially, starting from a very small community to one of the largest social networks, with its large user base and popularity harboring a variety of behavior of users in terms of their activity. Our work provides interesting insights about a huge number of inactive posts which fail to attract attention despite their authors exhibiting Cyborg-like behavior to attract attention. We also observe short-lived yet extremely active posts emulate a phenomenon like Mayfly Buzz. A method is presented, to study the activity around posts which are highly active, to determine the presence of Limelight hogging activity. We also present a systematic analysis to study the presence of controversies in posts. We analyzed data from two periods of one-year duration but separated by few years in time, to understand how social media has evolved through the years.
description: 19 pages. Extended version of arxiv:1809.07087. Springer Lecture Notes Format, to be published in Lecture Notes in Social Networks (Springer)
Η κατάσταση της Δημοσιογραφίας Δεδομένων στην Ελλάδα: Διείσδυση και στάσεις των δημοσιογράφων
Creators: name: Φασούλας Τηλέμαχος Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2021
Subjects: Δημοσιογραφία δεδομένων
Ανοικτά δεδομένα
Διάχυση καινοτομιών
Data journalism
Open data
Diffusion of innovations

description: Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται το φαινόμενο της πρόσφατης τάσης που έχει εμφανιστεί στο δημοσιογραφικό πεδίο, αυτή της δημοσιογραφίας δεδομένων. Επιχειρείται μέσω αυτής να εξηγηθεί και να παρουσιαστεί τι ακριβώς είναι η δημοσιογραφία δεδομένων, τι τη χαρακτηρίζει, με ποιον ακριβώς τρόπο ασκείται και τι προοπτικές προσφέρει στο δημοσιογραφικό επάγγελμα. Γίνεται λόγος για την ουσία της δημοσιογραφίας δεδομένων, τα ανοικτά δεδομένα, τα οποία προϊόντος του χρόνου και ένεκα της σταδιακής αλλαγής νοοτροπίας και κουλτούρας, αρχίζουν και πληθαίνουν, με αποτέλεσμα να διευκολύνουν σε μεγάλο βαθμό την περαιτέρω ανάπτυξή της. Επιπλέον, επιχειρείται να γίνει μία χαρτογράφηση της επικρατούσας κατάστασης σε διάφορα μέρη του κόσμου (και στη χώρα μας) σχετικά με τη χρήση της δημοσιογραφίας δεδομένων. Πατώντας πάνω στη σχετική ένδεια ανάλογων ερευνών στην Ελλάδα, διερευνά τον βαθμό εφαρμογής της από τους Έλληνες δημοσιογράφους και τα εγχώρια μέσα ενημέρωσης αλλά και τις προσωπικές στάσεις και αντιλήψεις των πρώτων σχετικά με αυτή. Επιχειρεί επίσης να ενημερώσει τους ενδιαφερόμενους για τις τελευταίες εξελίξεις στον δημοσιογραφικό χώρο, όπως και για τη δεκτικότητα του ελληνικού δημοσιογραφικού συστήματος στον εκσυγχρονισμό, σε αυτή την απόλυτα ψηφιακή εποχή που διάγουμε. Τέλος, θεωρητικό της έρεισμα αποτελεί η θεωρία της διάχυσης των καινοτομιών του Everett Rogers
description: The present master thesis discusses data journalism, a new trend in the journalistic field. It attempts to explain and present what exactly data journalism is, what characterizes it, in which manner it is used and what kind of prospects it offers to the journalistic profession. It also discusses open data, which are the essence of data journalism, and are multiplying over time because of the gradual change of mindset and culture, resulting in the facilitation of the further development of data journalism. In addition, an attempt of mapping the prevalent state of data journalism in various places in the world (including Greece) is made. Based on the scarcity of similar studies in Greece, this master thesis explores the extent to which Greek journalists and media use data journalism and also the personal opinions of professional journalists concerning this new media trend. It also presents the latest developments in the journalistic field and the receptiveness of the Greek journalistic system to modernization, in the digital era. Finally, the theoretical prism it uses is the diffusion of innovations theory by Everett Rogers
title: Imaging of vena Cava: a case-based pictorial review
Creators: name: Abbes, Wejden
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Blood
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Veins / Vena cava

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Our aim is to Clarify the embryogenesis of the vena cava in a sample way. Review the congenital anatomic variations of the vena cava . Illustrate the spectrum of vena cava’s pathology...
Land price diffusion across borders – The case of Germany
Creators: name: Grau, Aaron
name: Odening, Martin
name: Ritter, Matthias
name: Grau, Aaron
name: Odening, Martin
name: Ritter, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agricultural land markets
subject: price diffusion
subject: spatial dependence
subject: border effect

description: Land market regulations are often justified by the assumption that activities of foreign and non-agricultural investors drive up prices in domestic land markets. However, empirical knowledge about the dynamics of agricultural land prices across borders is sparse. Using the German reunification as a natural experiment, we study the effect of the former inner German border on the dynamics of agricultural land prices in East and West Germany. We apply a land price diffusion model with an error correction specification to analyze spatial agricultural land markets. A novel feature of our model is its ability to distinguish price diffusion within states and across state borders. We provide evidence for a persistent border effect given that the fraction of spatially integrated counties is larger within states than across the former border. Moreover, we observe non-significant error correction terms for many counties along the former border. From a policy perspective, it is striking to realize that even 25 years after German reunification, pronounced land price differences persist. It is quite likely that price diffusion through existing borders within the EU would take even more time given language barriers, different institutional frameworks, and information asymmetries between domestic and foreign market participants.
title: Matrix Effects in Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Creators: name: Thompson, Martin
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: Problems arise in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) when large samples and high levels of amplification are used to enhance sensitivity. Artifact peaks are generated by the instrument, calorimetric sensitivity is reduced and DSC peaks are distorted as the transition interface passes through the specimen. These effects have been investigated by peak shape analysis for fusion, crystallisation and a polymorphic transition occurring in model DSC specimens. The results were used to develop two techniques for studying interactions in solid composites by means of heat-flux DSC. These novel techniques were applied to solid composites containing porphyrins and nickel(II) oxide. One of the techniques utilised an improved procedure for measuring the thermal conductivity (λ) of small samples. Values of λ were measured for several pure porphyrins and composites, and the results compared with calculated values from various mathematical models which predict transport properties. This allowed structural changes at the interface between the solid phases to be inferred. The occurrence of these changes was supported by electron microscopy. The second technique was designed to isolate relatively weak DSC peaks from background interference. A fully reacted composite specimen was used to generate a reference DSC curve, which was subtracted from the initial DSC scan. This compensated for the varying heat capacity and Néel transition in nickel(II) oxide, and allowed two types of event to be detected. One of these appeared to be a general feature for free-base porphyrins, corresponding to formation of a nickel-porphyrin complex and water. Reaction began at 0.5-0.6 of the fusion temperature (T/K) for the porphyrin, which Tammann's rule identifies as the region where lattice mobility becomes significant. The second type of event appeared as a very sharp exothermic peak, whose onset corresponded to decomposition of carbonate and hydroxide functions associated with nickel. Rapid acceleration of the process occurred at the Néel transition point in nickel(II) oxide. Both events are believed to represent interactions at the interface between the solid phases.
Topological-defect-induced surface charge heterogeneities in nematic electrolytes
Creators: name: Ravnik, Miha
name: Everts, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that topological defects in an ion-doped nematic liquid crystal can be used to manipulate the surface charge distribution on chemically homogeneous, charge-regulating external surfaces, using a minimal theoretical model. In particular, the location and type of the defect encodes the precise distribution of surface charges and the effect is enhanced when the liquid crystal is flexoelectric. We demonstrate the principle for patterned surfaces and charged colloidal spheres. More generally, our results indicate an interesting approach to control surface charges on external surfaces without changing the surface chemistry.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental Information can be found under ancillary files. V2: Extra discussion, added additional images to the SI
Completion of a Survey and Detailed Study of Double-Peaked Emission Lines in Radio-Loud AGNs
Creators: name: Eracleous, M.
name: Halpern, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the completion of a survey of radio-loud AGNs begun in an earlier paper, aimed finding and studying broad, double-peaked Balmer lines. We present Ha spectra of 13 broad-lined objects (3 with double-peaked Ha profiles). The final sample includes 106 radio-loud AGNs. 20% of the objects have Ha lines with double peaks or twin shoulders and of these, 60% can be fitted quite well with a model attributing the emission to a circular, relativistic, disk. We also compare the Hb and MgII profiles of 4 objects with models of photoionized accretion disks and find them to be in reasonable agreement. Double-peaked emitters stand out on the basis of the following properties: (1) unusually large contribution of starlight to the optical continuum around Ha, (2) unusually large equivalent widths of low-ionization lines ([OI] and [SII]), (3) unusually large [OI]/[OIII] ratios, and (4) Balmer lines on average twice as broad as in other radio-loud AGNs. We evaluate models for the origin of the lines and we find accretion-disk emission to be the most successful one because it can explain the double-peaked line profiles and it also offers an interpretation of the spectroscopic properties of these objects. Aternative suggestions (binary broad-line regions, bipolar outflows, anisotropically illuminated spherical broad-line regions) are unsatisfactory because (a) they fail direct observational tests, (b) they cannot explain the unusual properties of double-peaked emitters self-consistently, or (c) their physical foundations appear to be unsound. We suggest that in double-peaked emitters and accretion- powered LINERs the accretion rate is considerably lower than the Eddington rate with the consequence that the inner accretion disk takes the form of an ion torus and the wind that normally enshrouds the disk proper is absent.
description: 25 pages, in emulateapj format, to appear in Ap.J. vol 599, Dec 20, 2003