cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large deviations for a class of multivariate heavy-tailed risk processes used in insurance and finance
Creators: name: Hägele, Miriam
name: Lehtomaa, Jaakko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G50, 91B30

description: Modern risk modelling approaches deal with vectors of multiple components. The components could be, for example, returns of financial instruments or losses within an insurance portfolio concerning different lines of business. One of the main problems is to decide if there is any type of dependence between the components of the vector and, if so, what type of dependence structure should be used for accurate modelling. We study a class of heavy-tailed multivariate random vectors under a non-parametric shape constraint on the tail decay rate. This class contains, for instance, elliptical distributions whose tail is in the intermediate heavy-tailed regime, which includes Weibull and lognormal type tails. The study derives asymptotic approximations for tail events of random walks. Consequently, a full large deviations principle is obtained under, essentially, minimal assumptions. As an application, an optimisation method for a large class of Quota Share (QS) risk sharing schemes used in insurance and finance is obtained.
description: 21 pages
Boosting photocatalytic water splitting of polymeric C$_{60}$ by reduced dimensionality from 2D monolayer to 1D chain
Creators: name: Jones, Cory
name: Peng, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent synthesis of monolayer fullerene networks [$Nature$ 606, 507 (2022)] provides new opportunities for photovoltaics and photocatalysis because of their versatile crystal structures for further tailoring of electronic, optical and chemical function. To shed light on the structural aspects of photocatalytic water splitting performance of fullerene nanomaterials, we compare the photocatalytic properties of individual polymeric fullerene chains and monolayer fullerene networks from first principles calculations. It is found that the photocatalytic efficiency can be further optimised by reducing dimensionality from 2D to 1D. The conduction band edge of the polymeric C$_{60}$ chain provides a much higher external potential for the hydrogen reduction reaction than its monolayer counterparts over a wider range of pH values, and the surface active sites in the 1D chain are two times more than those in the 2D networks from a thermodynamic perspective. These observations render the 1D fullerene polymer a more promising candidate as a photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction than monolayer fullerene networks.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
title: Cultural Turns
Creators: name: Bachmann-Medick, Doris
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Wie und nach welchen Kriterien entstehen turns? Doris Bachmann-Medick entfaltet das Spektrum der unterschiedlichen cultural turns und zeigt ihr Potential für eine Veränderung des Kulturbegriffs selbst. Wieweit die cultural turns eine Abkehr von einem übertriebenen Konstruktivismus hin zur Rückgewinnung von Referentialität befördern, wird schließlich an unterschiedlichen Formen von re-turns gezeigt. Von hier aus eröffnet sich ein breiterer Horizont, in dem sich die zukünftige Forschungslandschaft der Kulturwissenschaften ausgehend von cultural turns (und über sie hinaus?) weiterprofilieren könnte.
Flume studies of gravel bed surface response to flowing water
Creators: name: Wolcott, John Fredric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Almost all sediment transport equations incorporate the Shields parameter, which is a ratio of the total boundary shear stress as a driving force and the particle weight as a resisting force. Shields (1936) equated particle resistance to entrainment with particle weight, which is proportional to particle diameter, or bed texture. The present work analyses the particle resistance term in the Shields parameter. As the bed material adjusts to a given flow condition, bed stability increases. The arrangement of particles into more stable configurations is here termed geometric structure, and includes the formation of pebble clusters, and imbrication. After an initial surface coarsening, here termed textural structure, particle resistance to movement is a function primarily of geometric structure. The Shields number for entrainment is thus a measure of particle resistance due to both types of bed structure rather than the conventional notion of particle resistance due to particle weight. The response of a mobile bed surface composed of < 8 mm diameter gravels to flowing water was explored in a 6 meter by 0.5 meter flume using four different slopes and various water depths. Corrected bed shear stresses varied between 0.05 and 2.79 Pa. Step increases in discharge with a constant slope caused the bed surface to develop a structure which was more stable at the end of a run than at the beginning. Under these conditions, the Shields number for incipient motion was found to vary between 0.001 and 0.066. This variability can be explained by the degree of geometric structure present. Previous studies, including Shields' work (1936), have implicitly included the effects of geometric structure on incipient motion. Surface coarsening develops with very low flows, but subsequent coarsening in higher flows is minor, with less than 5% increase in median diameter following a 50% increase in bed shear stress. Calculations of Manning's n based on depth, slope, and velocity measurements show an increase in flow resistance as structure develops. The development of a coarse surface layer appears to be limited by flow characteristics near the bed which are in turn modified by the development of structure. Measurements of the area occupied by the largest stones show that they do not cover more than 14% of the surface during maximum coarsening. Froude scaling of the flume data indicates that the time necessary for development of maximum strength is on the order of a month for natural rivers under steady flow conditions. This suggests that gravel river beds are rarely in equilibrium with natural flow conditions.
Bangla (Bengali) questionnaire for self-assessment of Prakriti
Creators: name: Mondal, Himel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110499 Complementary and Alternative Medicine not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This is a self-assessment questionnaire in Bangla (Bengali) for determining Prakriti of a patient, commonly used in Ayurveda practice.
LandGIS: global soil and vegetation mapping using legacy field observations and state-of-the-art Machine Learning
Creators: name: Hengl, Tomislav
name: Wheeler, Ichsani
name: MacMillan, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: OpenLandMap.org
LandGIS

description: In 2018 the OpenGeoHub Foundation released a web mapping system called "LandGIS" (available at https://openlandmap.org) which is envisaged as “an OpenStreetMap-type system” for land-related environmental data. The system hosts global, moderate to fine spatial resolution data (250m to 1km), and is intended for eventual production and provision of farm-scale data (100 m to 30 m) and beyond. It also comes with a basic API (https://landgisapi.opengeohub.org) that already allows OpenGeoHub to serve business and developers. LandGIS was produced jointly with the help of EnvirometriX Ltd (data sets / spatial prediction framework) and GILab Ltd (web-mapping services and client development and REST API functionality). This document outlines basic philosophy behind the OpenLandMap.org and why do we think world needs such a system. For more info please also refer to the Medium article "Everybody has a right to know what's happening with the planet: towards a global commons".
description: https://opengeohub.org/contribute-training-data-landgis
Effective potentials induced by mixtures of patchy and hard co-solutes
Creators: name: Handle, Philip H.
name: Zaccarelli, Emanuela
name: Gnan, Nicoletta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The addition of co-solutes to colloidal suspensions is often employed to induce tunable depletion interactions. In this work we investigate effective colloidal interactions arising from binary co-solute mixtures of hard spheres and patchy particles. By changing the relative concentration of the two species, we show that the resulting effective potential $V_\text{eff}$ continuously changes from the one obtained for a single-component hard sphere co-solute to that mediated by the single-component patchy particle co-solute. Interestingly, we find that, independently of the relative concentration of the two components, the resulting $V_\text{eff}$ is additive, i.e., it is well-described by the linear combination of the effective interactions mediated by respective pure co-solutes. However, a breakdown of the additivity occurs when the co-solute mixture is close to the onset of a demixing transition. These results represent a step forward in understanding and predicting colloidal behaviour in complex and crowded environments and for exploiting this knowledge to design targeted colloidal superstructures.
description: submitted to the JCP special issue on depletion interactions
Buildings and Hecke algebras
Creators: name: Parkinson, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E42; 20C08; 33D52

description: This paper investigates the connections between buildings and Hecke algebras through the combinatorial study of two algebras spanned by averaging operators on buildings. As a consequence we obtain a geometric and combinatorial description of certain Hecke algebras, and in particular of the Macdonald spherical functions and the center of affine Hecke algebras. The results of this paper are used in later work to study spherical harmonic analysis on affine buildings, and to study isotropic random walks on affine buildings.
Cosmology and Fermion Confinement in a Scalar-Field-Generated Domain Wall Brane in Five Dimensions
Creators: name: Slatyer, Tracy R.
name: Volkas, Raymond R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a brane generated by a scalar field domain wall configuration in 4+1 dimensions, interpolating, in most cases, between two vacua of the field. We study the cosmology of such a system in the cases where the effective four-dimensional brane metric is de Sitter or anti de Sitter, including a discussion of the bulk coordinate singularities present in the de-Sitter case. We demonstrate that a scalar field kink configuration can support a brane with dS$_4$ cosmology, despite the presence of coordinate singularities in the metric. We examine the trapping of fermion fields on the domain wall for nontrivial brane cosmology.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures; minor changes, accepted by JHEP
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientific Research in the Life Sciences
Creators: name: Riccaboni, Massimo
name: Verginer, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The COVID-19 outbreak has posed an unprecedented challenge to humanity and science. On the one side, public and private incentives have been put in place to promptly allocate resources toward research areas strictly related to the COVID-19 emergency. But on the flip side, research in many fields not directly related to the pandemic has lagged behind. In this paper, we assess the impact of COVID-19 on world scientific production in the life sciences. We investigate how the usage of medical subject headings (MeSH) has changed following the outbreak. We estimate through a difference-in-differences approach the impact of COVID-19 on scientific production through PubMed. We find that COVID-related research topics have risen to prominence, displaced clinical publications, diverted funds away from research areas not directly related to COVID-19 and that the number of publications on clinical trials in unrelated fields has contracted. Our results call for urgent targeted policy interventions to reactivate biomedical research in areas that have been neglected by the COVID-19 emergency.
Robustness of Cooperation in the Evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma on Complex Networks
Creators: name: Poncela, J.
name: Gomez-Gardenes, J.
name: Floria, L. M.
name: Moreno, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies on the evolutionary dynamics of the Prisoner's Dilemma game in scale-free networks have demonstrated that the heterogeneity of the network interconnections enhances the evolutionary success of cooperation. In this paper we address the issue of how the characterization of the asymptotic states of the evolutionary dynamics depends on the initial concentration of cooperators. We find that the measure and the connectedness properties of the set of nodes where cooperation reaches fixation is largely independent of initial conditions, in contrast with the behavior of both the set of nodes where defection is fixed, and the fluctuating nodes. We also check for the robustness of these results when varying the degree heterogeneity along a one-parametric family of networks interpolating between the class of Erdos-Renyi graphs and the Barabasi-Albert networks.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, revised version accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics (2007)
Moment of inertia and supervortical temperature of gluon plasma
Creators: name: Braguta, Victor V.
name: Chernodub, Maxim N.
name: Kudrov, Ilya E.
name: Roenko, Artem A.
name: Sychev, Dmitrii A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using lattice simulations, we analyze the influence of uniform rotation on the equation of state of gluodynamics. For a sufficiently slow rotation, the free energy of the system can be expanded into a series of powers of angular velocity. We calculate the moment of inertia given by the quadratic coefficient of this expansion using both analytic continuation and derivative methods, which demonstrate a good agreement between the results. We find that the moment of inertia unexpectedly takes a negative value below the ``supervortical temperature'' $T_s = 1.50(10) T_c$, vanishes at $T = T_s$, and becomes a positive quantity at higher temperatures. We discuss how our results are related to the scale anomaly and the magnetic gluon condensate. We point out that the negativity of the moment of inertia is in qualitative agreement with our previous lattice calculations, indicating that the rigid rotation increases the critical temperatures in gluodynamics and QCD.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2023), July 31st - August 4th, 2023, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Extraction and detection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabidiol oils using GC/MS
Creators: name: Fagan, Shavari
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: The process of detecting delta 9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from CBD oil involves many different factors. Recently, a lot of research has been done in detecting THC in different cannabis products, however very little has been done to detect and even quantify THC from CBD oils. This study set out to validate an already established method and use this method to detect THC from hemp oils that claim not to contain THC on their labels. In order to do this the samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction technique. The method validation consisted of determining the limit of detection (LOD) of CBD and THC and also the precision. Five calibrators were made at different concentrations ranging from 0.1-5 µg/ml. Positive and negative controls were also made to ensure that the experiment was working properly. Three different blank oils consisting of olive oil, almond oil and coconut oil were used to conduct the validation study. These samples were done in duplicates as well and the instrument used to conduct this study was the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The LOD study was not able to be completed due to time constraints. The lowest concentration of CBD and THC that was analyzed was at 0.1 µg/ml. The retention times of CBD and THC were found to be 12.856 and 13.654 minutes respectively. The percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) was calculated for each oil at their respective concentrations using the peak areas of THC and CBD in order to find precision. It was noted that the majority of the samples had a %CV within 20%, which indicates decent precision; however, some samples were beyond that percentage due to complications in the extraction process creating fluctuations in the peak areas at each concentration analyzed. After the LOD study was completed 6 different hemp oil samples were extracted and run as well using the same method. Results from these runs found that neither CBD nor THC was not detected in these oil samples. As a result, further studies that need to be done to enhance the extraction procedure and method to make it fully efficient.
Precision Measurement of Sub-Continuum Gas Conduction within Micro-Confinements
Creators: name: Acosta, Greg I.
name: Hood, Malachi
name: Ghashami, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sub-continuum gas conduction is an essentially important phenomenon in disparate fields of applications ranging from aerospace vehicles to biomedical sensors, and has been the focus of many computational studies over the past decades. These studies predicted that the energy exchange mechanisms are driven by gas-surface interactions, strongly dependent on the gas and surface characteristics. Despite its fundamental and practical importance, thermal transport via gas conduction at non-continuum regimes mostly remains experimentally unverified. Here, we report precision measurements of sub-continuum gas conduction within parallel micro-cavities and elucidate its dependence on the gas and surface characteristics. More importantly, we demonstrate a systematic approach for extracting the energy accommodation coefficient (EAC), which is necessary to establish gas-surface scattering kernels or develop diffusive-specular solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation. EACs are also required for calculating the temperature jump coefficient in near-continuum conditions to solve classical hydrodynamical equations. For the first time, we show a correction to the kinetic theory in the transition to near-continuum regimes (particularly for non-monatomic gases) by extracting a physical parameter representing the intermolecular collisions within the Knudsen layer. Our results agree well with the kinetic theory predictions and are expected to inform the development of technologies such as thermal switches, gas sensors, and light-driven actuators.
Additional file 1 of A competing risk joint model for dealing with different types of missing data in an intervention trial in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: van Oudenhoven, Floor M.
name: Swinkels, Sophie H. N.
name: Soininen, Hilkka
name: Kivipelto, Miia
name: Hartmann, Tobias
name: Rizopoulos, Dimitris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics for subjects in Missing group 1, Missing Group 2, and the completers. Supplementary Table 2. Number of subjects, observations, and events in the competing risk joint model for each outcome. Supplementary Table 3. Competing risk joint model results for the longitudinal sub-model using the rate of change to model the association. Supplementary Figure 1. Subject-specific random slopes as estimated from the mixed model and the competing risk joint model. Supplementary Table 4. Results of the mixed model, joint model, and competing risk model for the first type of data manipulation. Supplementary Figure 2. Residuals versus Fitted values for each outcome.
Transforming Exploratory Creativity with DeLeNoX
Creators: name: Liapis, Antonios
name: Martinez, Hector P.
name: Togelius, Julian
name: Yannakakis, Georgios N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce DeLeNoX (Deep Learning Novelty Explorer), a system that autonomously creates artifacts in constrained spaces according to its own evolving interestingness criterion. DeLeNoX proceeds in alternating phases of exploration and transformation. In the exploration phases, a version of novelty search augmented with constraint handling searches for maximally diverse artifacts using a given distance function. In the transformation phases, a deep learning autoencoder learns to compress the variation between the found artifacts into a lower-dimensional space. The newly trained encoder is then used as the basis for a new distance function, transforming the criteria for the next exploration phase. In the current paper, we apply DeLeNoX to the creation of spaceships suitable for use in two-dimensional arcade-style computer games, a representative problem in procedural content generation in games. We also situate DeLeNoX in relation to the distinction between exploratory and transformational creativity, and in relation to Schmidhuber's theory of creativity through the drive for compression progress.
description: 8 pages
Supplementary file: Objective structured clinical examination for measurement of jugular venous pressure
Creators: name: Mondal, Himel
name: Mondal, Shaikat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This is a supplementary file of the manuscript - Reliability of a Jugular Venous Pressure Scale in Cardiovascular Clinical Examination.
Scaling of Berry's Phase Close to the Dicke Quantum Phase Transition
Creators: name: Plastina, Francesco
name: Liberti, Giuseppe
name: Carollo, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the thermodynamic and finite size scaling properties of the geometric phase in the adiabatic Dicke model, describing the super-radiant phase transition for an $N$ qubit register coupled to a slow oscillator mode. We show that, in the thermodynamic limit, a non zero Berry phase is obtained only if a path in parameter space is followed that encircles the critical point. Furthermore, we investigate the precursors of this critical behavior for a system with finite size and obtain the leading order in the 1/N expansion of the Berry phase and its critical exponent.
Retinal-inspired Filtering for Dynamic Image Coding
Creators: name: Doutsi, Effrosyni
name: Fillatre, Lionel
name: Antonini, Marc
name: Gaulmin, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a novel non-Separable sPAtioteMporal filter (non-SPAM) which enables the spatiotemporal decomposition of a still-image. The construction of this filter is inspired by the model of the retina which is able to selectively transmit information to the brain. The non-SPAM filter mimics the retinal-way to extract necessary information for a dynamic encoding/decoding system. We applied the non-SPAM filter on a still image which is flashed for a long time. We prove that the non-SPAM filter decomposes the still image over a set of time-varying difference of Gaussians, which form a frame. We simulate the analysis and synthesis system based on this frame. This system results in a progressive reconstruction of the input image. Both the theoretical and numerical results show that the quality of the reconstruction improves while the time increases.
Teleconsultation Prescription Template Microsoft Word File for Indian Registered Medical Practitioners
Creators: name: Mondal, Himel
name: Mondal, Shaikat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This is a template of e-prescription for teleconsultation according to the guideline by Board of Governors in supersession to Medical Council of India.
A Comparative Study of Criticality Conditions for Anomalous Dimensions using Exact Results in an ${\cal N}=1$ Supersymmetric Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Ryttov, Thomas A.
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two of the conditions that have been suggested to determine the lower boundary of the conformal window in asymptotically free gauge theories are the linear condition, $γ_{\barψψ,IR}=1$, and the quadratic condition, $γ_{\barψψ,IR}(2-γ_{\barψψ,IR})=1$, where $γ_{\barψψ,IR}$ is the anomalous dimension of the operator $\barψψ$ at an infrared fixed point in a theory. We compare these conditions as applied to an ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theory with gauge group $G$ and $N_f$ pairs of massless chiral superfields $Φ$ and $\tilde Φ$ transforming according to the respective representations ${\cal R}$ and $\bar {\cal R}$ of $G$. We use the fact that $γ_{\barψψ,IR}$ and the value $N_f = N_{f,cr}$ at the lower boundary of the conformal window are both known exactly for this theory. In contrast to the case with a non-supersymmetric gauge theory, here we find that in higher-order calculations, the linear condition provides a more accurate determination of $N_{f,cr}$ than the quadratic condition when both are calculated to the same finite order of truncation in a scheme-independent expansion.
description: 9 pages, latex
The universe as an eigenstate: spacetime paths and decoherence
Creators: name: Seidewitz, Ed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes how the entire universe might be considered an eigenstate determined by classical limiting conditions within it. This description is in the context of an approach in which the path of each relativistic particle in spacetime represents a fine-grained history for that particle, and a path integral represents a coarse-grained history as a superposition of paths meeting some criteria. Since spacetime paths are parametrized by an invariant parameter, not time, histories based on such paths do not evolve in time but are rather histories of all spacetime. Measurements can then be represented by orthogonal states that correlate with specific points in such coarse-grained histories, causing them to decohere, allowing a consistent probability interpretation. This conception is applied here to the analysis of the two slit experiment, scattering and, ultimately, the universe as a whole. The decoherence of cosmological states of the universe then provides the eigenstates from which our "real" universe can be selected by the measurements carried out within it.
description: 25 pages; RevTex 4; Presented to the 2006 Conference of the International Association for Relativistic Dynamics; v3: Corrected minor errors
Integration of activation maps of epicardial veins in computational cardiac electrophysiology
Creators: name: Stella, Simone
name: Vergara, Christian
name: Maines, Massimiliano
name: Catanzariti, Domenico
name: Africa, Pasquale C.
name: Demattè, Cristina
name: Centonze, Maurizio
name: Nobile, Fabio
name: Del Greco, Maurizio
name: Quarteroni, Alfio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we address the issue of validating the monodomain equation used in combination with the Bueno-Orovio ionic model for the prediction of the activation times in cardiac electro-physiology of the left ventricle. To this aim, we consider our patients who suffered from Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). We use activation maps performed at the septum as input data for the model and maps at the epicardial veins for the validation. In particular, a first set (half) of the latter are used to estimate the conductivities of the patient and a second set (the remaining half) to compute the errors of the numerical simulations. We find an excellent agreement between measures and numerical results. Our validated computational tool could be used to accurately predict activation times at the epicardial veins with a short mapping, i.e. by using only a part (the most proximal) of the standard acquisition points, thus reducing the invasive procedure and exposure to radiation.
A Topos Foundation for Theories of Physics: II. Daseinisation and the Liberation of Quantum Theory
Creators: name: Doering, A.
name: Isham, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is the second in a series whose goal is to develop a fundamentally new way of constructing theories of physics. The motivation comes from a desire to address certain deep issues that arise when contemplating quantum theories of space and time. Our basic contention is that constructing a theory of physics is equivalent to finding a representation in a topos of a certain formal language that is attached to the system. Classical physics arises when the topos is the category of sets. Other types of theory employ a different topos. In this paper, we study in depth the topos representation of the propositional language, PL(S), for the case of quantum theory. In doing so, we make a direct link with, and clarify, the earlier work on applying topos theory to quantum physics. The key step is a process we term `daseinisation' by which a projection operator is mapped to a sub-object of the spectral presheaf--the topos quantum analogue of a classical state space. In the second part of the paper we change gear with the introduction of the more sophisticated local language L(S). From this point forward, throughout the rest of the series of papers, our attention will be devoted almost entirely to this language. In the present paper, we use L(S) to study `truth objects' in the topos. These are objects in the topos that play the role of states: a necessary development as the spectral presheaf has no global elements, and hence there are no microstates in the sense of classical physics. Truth objects therefore play a crucial role in our formalism.
description: 34 pages, no figures
Search of Axions from a Nuclear Power Reactor with a High-Purity Germanium Detector
Creators: name: Chang, H. M.
name: Collaboration, TEXONO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search of axions produced in nuclear transitions was performed at the Kuo-Sheng Nuclear Power Station with a high-purity germanium detector of mass 1.06 kg at a distance of 28 m from the 2.9 GW reactor core. The expected experimental signatures were mono-energetic lines produced by their Primakoff or Compton conversions at the detector. Based on 459.0/96.3 days of Reactor ON/OFF data, no evidence of axion emissions were observed and constraints on the couplings $\gagg$ and $\gaee$ versus axion mass $m_a$ within the framework of invisible axion models were placed. The KSVZ and DFSZ models can be excluded for 10^4 eV < m_a < 10^6 ~eV. Model-independent constraints on \gagg \gv1 < 7.7 X 10^{-9} GeV^{-2} for m_{a} < 10^5 eV and \gaee \gv1 < 1.3 X 10^{-10} for m_{a} < 10^6 eV at 90% confidence level were derived. This experimental approach provides a unique probe for axion mass at the keV--MeV range not accessible to the other techniques.
description: 9 pages, 4 tables, 8 figures, V2: major expansion from V1
title: Soziale Determinanten der Entscheidung für eine weiterführende Schule am Ende der Neuen Mittelschule
title: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung technisch interessierter Schüler/innen.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Molina, Camilo
Publisher: name: Institut für Soziologie
Year: 2021
Subjects: Technikinteresse, Jugend, Selektion, Bildungsübergänge, Ausbildungsentschei-dungen, Bildungsaspirationen, Soziale Ungleichheit, Neue Mittelschule, MINT, Wien
Tech interest, Youth, Selection, Educational transitions, Educational decisions, Educational Aspirations, Social Inequality, Lower Secondary School, STEM, Vienna

description: Dieses Papier befasst sich mit dem Interesse für Technik unter Jugendlichen der 8. Schulstufe und dessen Rolle für Bildungsentscheidungen am Übergang zur Sekundarstufe II. Grundlage der Analyse ist die 1. Welle des Jugendpanels „Wege in die Zukunft“, die repräsentative Daten zum Abschlussjahrgang 2017/18 der Neuen Mittelschule (NMS) in Wien bietet. „Technische Begabung“ wird anhand spezieller Fragebogenitems auf drei verschiedene Arten operationalisiert und die entsprechenden Sampleuntergruppen mit dem Gesamtsample verglichen. In einem weiteren Schritt wird mittels binär logistischen Regressionsmodellen der Einfluss von persönlichen Neigungen, Schulerfolg und sozioökonomischer Lage auf die Entscheidung für oder gegen eine höhere weiterführende Schule untersucht. Die Daten zeigen, dass die Freizeitbeschäftigung mit Technik oder der gute Umgang mit Computern nach wie vor männlich geprägt sind und mit klareren, sowie auch höheren Bildungswünschen korrelieren. Subjektive Orientierung, Benotung der Schulleistungen, Bildungswünsche der Eltern sowie die Empfehlungen von Lehrer/innen variieren allerdings teilweise unabhängig voneinander und zeitigen jeweils eigenständige Effekte auf die Bildungsentscheidung. Die Analyse weist zudem auf Differenzierungen zwischen den Schüler/innen hin, die stärker im Hintergrund wirken: Unter sonst gleichbleibenden Umständen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Anmeldung für eine Berufsbildende Höhere Schule (BHS) geringer, wenn es sich um zugewanderte Jugendliche oder um Schüler/innen aus schulbildungsferneren Haushalten handelt.
The Unsettled Number: Hubble's Tension
Creators: name: Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, Salvador
name: Smoot, George F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of main sources of uncertainty in modern cosmology is the present rate of the universe's expansion, H0, called the Hubble constant. Once again, different observational techniques bring about different results, causing new 'Hubble tension'. In the present work, we review the historical roots of the Hubble constant from the beginning of the twentieth century, when modern cosmology originated, to the present. We develop the arguments that gave rise to the importance of measuring the expansion of the Universe and its discovery, and we describe the different pioneering works attempting to measure it. There has been a long dispute on this matter, even in the present epoch, which is marked by high-tech instrumentation and, therefore, in smaller uncertainties in the relevant parameters. It is, again, currently necessary to conduct a careful and critical revision of the different methods before one invokes new physics to solve the so-called Hubble tension.
description: 52 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. We corrected typos and references
Cavity opening by a giant planet in a protoplanetary disc and effects on planetary migration
Creators: name: Crida, A.
name: Morbidelli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of a Jovian planet on the gas distribution of a protoplanetary disc, using a new numerical scheme that allows us to take into consideration the global evolution of the disc, down to an arbitrarily small inner physical radius. We find that Jovian planets do not open cavities in the inner part of the disc (i.e. interior to their orbits) unless (a) the inner physical edge of the disc is close to the planet's location or (b) the planet is much more massive than the disc. In all other cases the planet simply opens a gap in the gas density distribution, whose global profile is essentially unchanged relative to the one that it would have if the planet were absent. We recognize, though, that the dust distribution can be significantly different from the gas distribution and that dust cavities might be opened in some situations, even if the gas is still present in the inner part of the disc. Concerning the migration of the planet, we find that classical Type-II migration (with speed proportional to the viscosity of the disc) occurs only if the gap opened by the planet is deep and clean. If there is still a significant amount of gas in the gap, the migration of the planet is generally slower than the theoretical Type-II migration rate. In some situations, migration can be stopped or even reversed. We develop a simple model that reproduces satisfactorily the migration rate observed in the simulations, for a wide range of disc viscosities and planet masses and locations relative to the inner disc edge. Our results are relevant for extra-solar planetary systems, as they explain (a) why some hot Jupiters did not migrate all the way down to their parent stars and (b) why the outermost of a pair of resonant planets is typically the most massive one.
description: 33 pages, 14 figures, M.N.R.A.S. in press
Interventionen zur Optimierung von Antibiotikaverordnungen bei akuten Atemwegsinfektionen in der Primärversorgung
Creators: name: Köchling, Anna Kathrin
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Das medizinische Wissen wächst stetig und stellt die klinisch tätige Ärztin vor die Herausforderung, auf dem neuesten Stand der Wissenschaft zu bleiben. Systematic Reviews fassen Studienergebnisse zusammen und ermöglichen somit ein machbares Studium der Literatur. Am Beispiel der Senkung von Antibiotikaverordnungen bei akuten Atemwegsinfektionen wird in dieser Arbeit verdeutlicht, warum die kontinuierliche Neubewertung von Forschungsergebnissen bedeutungsvoll für die klinische Entscheidungsfindung ist.
Applying endogenous learning models in energy system optimization
Creators: name: Ouassou, Jabir Ali
name: Straus, Julian
name: Fodstad, Marte
name: Reigstad, Gunhild
name: Wolfgang, Ove
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Conventional energy production based on fossil fuels causes emissions which contribute to global warming. Accurate energy system models are required for a cost-optimal transition to a zero-emission energy system, an endeavor that requires an accurate modeling of cost reductions due to technological learning effects. In this review, we summarize common methodologies for modeling technological learning and associated cost reductions. The focus is on learning effects in hydrogen production technologies due to their importance in a low-carbon energy system, as well as the application of endogenous learning in energy system models. Finally, we present an overview of the learning rates of relevant low-carbon technologies required to model future energy systems.
description: review paper: main article (11 pages), appendices (8 pages), references (4 pages)
Hilbert modular forms and p-adic Hodge theory
Creators: name: Saito, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G40, 14G35

description: We consider the p-adic Galois representation associated to a Hilbert modular form. We show the compatibility with the local Langlands correspondence at a place divising p under a certain assumption. We also prove the monodromy-weight conjecture. The prime-to-p case is established by Carayol.
description: 45 pages: page size adjusted
Multi-Source Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Pseudo Target Domain
Creators: name: Chuan-Xian, Ren
name: Yong-Hui, Liu
name: Xi-Wen, Zhang
name: Ke-Kun, Huang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-source domain adaptation (MDA) aims to transfer knowledge from multiple source domains to an unlabeled target domain. MDA is a challenging task due to the severe domain shift, which not only exists between target and source but also exists among diverse sources. Prior studies on MDA either estimate a mixed distribution of source domains or combine multiple single-source models, but few of them delve into the relevant information among diverse source domains. For this reason, we propose a novel MDA approach, termed Pseudo Target for MDA (PTMDA). Specifically, PTMDA maps each group of source and target domains into a group-specific subspace using adversarial learning with a metric constraint, and constructs a series of pseudo target domains correspondingly. Then we align the remainder source domains with the pseudo target domain in the subspace efficiently, which allows to exploit additional structured source information through the training on pseudo target domain and improves the performance on the real target domain. Besides, to improve the transferability of deep neural networks (DNNs), we replace the traditional batch normalization layer with an effective matching normalization layer, which enforces alignments in latent layers of DNNs and thus gains further promotion. We give theoretical analysis showing that PTMDA as a whole can reduce the target error bound and leads to a better approximation of the target risk in MDA settings. Extensive experiments demonstrate PTMDA's effectiveness on MDA tasks, as it outperforms state-of-the-art methods in most experimental settings.
description: To be published in IEEE Trans. Image Processing
Possible Topological Superconductivity in a Topological Crystalline Insulator (Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_x$)$_{1-y}$In$_y$Te
Creators: name: Pletikosic, I.
name: Yilmaz, T.
name: Sinkovic, B.
name: Weber, A. P.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Valla, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity in topological insulators is expected to show very unconventional features such as $p+ip$ order parameter, Majorana fermions etc. However, the intrinsic superconductivity has been observed in a very limited number of materials in which the pairing symmetry is still a matter of debate. Here, we study the topological crystalline insulator (Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_x$)$_{1-y}$In$_y$Te, where a peculiar insulator to superconductor transition was previously reported near the gap inversion transition, when the system is nearly a 3-dimensional Dirac semimetal. Both the existence of superconductivity near the 3-dimensional Dirac semimetal and the occurrence of insulator to superconductor transition in an isotropic material is highly unusual. We suggest that the observed phenomena are related to an intrinsic instability of a 3-dimensional Dirac semimetal state in (Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_x$)$_{1-y}$In$_y$Te and "flattening" of the bulk valence and conduction bands as they acquire a Mexican hat-like dispersion on the inverted side of the phase diagram. This favors the pairing instability if the chemical potential is pinned to these flat regions.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Effects of interatomic interaction on cooperative relaxation of two-level atoms
Creators: name: Lukyanets, Sergei P.
name: Bevzenko, Dmytro A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study effects of direct interatomic interaction on cooperative processes in atom-photon dynamics. Using a model of two-level atoms with Ising-type interaction as an example, it is demonstrated that interparticle interaction combined with atom-field coupling can introduce additional interatomic correlations acting as a phase synchronizing factor. For the case of weakly interacting atoms with $J\hbarω_0$, one-partice one-photon transitions are excluded and transition to the regime of multiphoton relaxation occurs. Using a simple model of two atoms in a high-Q single mode cavity we show that such transition is accompanied by Rabi oscillations involving many-atom multiphoton states. Dephasing effect of dipole-dipole interaction and solitonic mechanism of relaxation are discussed.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures
Automatic Digitization and Orientation of Scanned Mesh Data for Floor Plan and 3D Model Generation
Creators: name: Sharma, Ritesh
name: Bier, Eric
name: Nelson, Lester
name: Bhandari, Mahabir
name: Kunwar, Niraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a novel approach for generating accurate floor plans and 3D models of building interiors using scanned mesh data. Unlike previous methods, which begin with a high resolution point cloud from a laser range-finder, our approach begins with triangle mesh data, as from a Microsoft HoloLens. It generates two types of floor plans, a "pen-and-ink" style that preserves details and a drafting-style that reduces clutter. It processes the 3D model for use in applications by aligning it with coordinate axes, annotating important objects, dividing it into stories, and removing the ceiling. Its performance is evaluated on commercial and residential buildings, with experiments to assess quality and dimensional accuracy. Our approach demonstrates promising potential for automatic digitization and orientation of scanned mesh data, enabling floor plan and 3D model generation in various applications such as navigation, interior design, furniture placement, facilities management, building construction, and HVAC design.
description: Computer Graphics International 2023