cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Connecting HL Tau to the Observed Exoplanet Sample
Creators: name: Simbulan, Christopher
name: Tamayo, Daniel
name: Petrovich, Cristobal
name: Rein, Hanno
name: Murray, Norman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Atacama Large Millimeter/submilimeter Array (ALMA) recently revealed a set of nearly concentric gaps in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young star HL Tau. If these are carved by forming gas giants, this provides the first set of orbital initial conditions for planets as they emerge from their birth disks. Using N-body integrations, we have followed the evolution of the system for 5 Gyr to explore the possible outcomes. We find that HL Tau initial conditions scaled down to the size of typically observed exoplanet orbits naturally produce several populations in the observed exoplanet sample. First, for a plausible range of planetary masses, we can match the observed eccentricity distribution of dynamically excited radial velocity giant planets with eccentricities $>$ 0.2. Second, we roughly obtain the observed rate of hot Jupiters around FGK stars. Finally, we obtain a large efficiency of planetary ejections of $\approx 2$ per HL Tau-like system, but the small fraction of stars observed to host giant planets makes it hard to match the rate of free-floating planets inferred from microlensing observations. In view of upcoming GAIA results, we also provide predictions for the expected mutual inclination distribution, which is significantly broader than the absolute inclination distributions typically considered by previous studies.
description: Accepted in MNRAS. 11 pages
Towards characterising rocky worlds: Trends in chemical make-ups of M dwarfs versus GK dwarfs
Creators: name: Wang, Haiyang S.
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Deal, Morgan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elemental abundances of Sun-like stars are crucial for understanding the detailed properties of their planets. However, measuring elemental abundances in M stars is challenging due to their faintness and pervasive molecular features in optical spectra. To address this, elemental abundances of Sun-like stars have been proposed to constrain those of M stars by scaling [X/H] with measured [Fe/H]. This study tests the robustness of this practice using M- and GK-dwarf stellar abundances and rigorous statistical methods. We compile elemental abundances for 43 M dwarfs for 10 major rock-forming elements (Fe, C, O, Mg, Si, Al, Ca, Na, Ni, and Ti) from high-resolution near-infrared stellar surveys. We perform bootstrap-based linear regressions on the M dwarfs to determine the trends of [X/H] vs. [Fe/H] and compare them with GK dwarfs. A 2-sample, multivariate Mahalanobis Distance test is applied to assess the significance of differences in [X/H]--[Fe/H] trends for individual elemental pairs between M and GK dwarfs. The null hypothesis of no significant difference in chemical trends between M and GK dwarfs is strongly rejected for all elements except Si, for which rejection is marginal, and Na and Ni, for which results are inconclusive. This suggests that assuming no difference may lead to biased results and inaccurate constraints on rocky planets around M dwarfs. Therefore, it is crucial for both the stellar and exoplanet communities to recognise these differences. To better understand these differences, we advocate for dedicated modelling techniques for M dwarf atmospheres and more homogeneous abundance analyses. Our statistically constrained trends of [X/H]--[Fe/H] for M dwarfs offer a new constraint on estimating M-dwarf elemental abundances given measured [Fe/H], aiding in characterising the properties of M dwarf-hosted rocky worlds.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, 1 table in the main body; 6 appendices, with 13 figures and an open-access code. Accepted by A&A
Dynamic degree-corrected blockmodels for social networks: a nonparametric approach
Creators: name: Tan, Linda S. L.
name: De Iorio, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A nonparametric approach to the modeling of social networks using degree-corrected stochastic blockmodels is proposed. The model for static network consists of a stochastic blockmodel using a probit regression formulation and popularity parameters are incorporated to account for degree heterogeneity. Dirichlet processes are used to detect community structure as well as induce clustering in the popularity parameters. This approach is flexible yet parsimonious as it allows the appropriate number of communities and popularity clusters to be determined automatically by the data. We further discuss some ways of extending the static model to dynamic networks. We consider a Bayesian approach and derive Gibbs samplers for posterior inference. The models are illustrated using several real-world benchmark social networks.
Efficient Cutting Tool Wear Segmentation Based on Segment Anything Model
Creators: name: Li, Zongshuo
name: Huo, Ding
name: Meurer, Markus
name: Bergs, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Tool wear conditions impact the surface quality of the workpiece and its final geometric precision. In this research, we propose an efficient tool wear segmentation approach based on Segment Anything Model, which integrates U-Net as an automated prompt generator to streamline the processes of tool wear detection. Our evaluation covered three Point-of-Interest generation methods and further investigated the effects of variations in training dataset sizes and U-Net training intensities on resultant wear segmentation outcomes. The results consistently highlight our approach's advantage over U-Net, emphasizing its ability to achieve accurate wear segmentation even with limited training datasets. This feature underscores its potential applicability in industrial scenarios where datasets may be limited.
FEATURES OF FORMATION DAMAGE BRAIN FROM INFLUENCE OF BLINT OBJECTS
Creators: name: Ismailova, M.O.
name: Ruziev, Sh.I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the article, in order to identify the characteristics of the formation of injury during blunt mechanical injury, depending on the properties of the objects, the nature of damage to the brain bones in 12 people who died from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI. In all cases, in addition to the forensic medical examination of corpses , a histological study was carried out using modern methods. It was established that the nature of the time brain have from the properties and characteristics of the impacting surface of blunt objects, direct impact which are formed by local destruction of the integrity of these bones.
Hydrological process analysis in the Vallon de Nant: hydrological data
Creators: name: Michelon, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: hydrology, snow, Vallon de Nant, Vaud, Switzerland, Alps, isotopes, tracers

description: This is an extract of the PhD thesis of Anthony Michelon, entitled "Hydrologic processes analysis in a high Alpine catchment:
 the case of the Vallon de Nant", 2022. The full version is accessible on the university server, link.
Shock Dynamics in Stellar Outbursts: I. Shock formation
Creators: name: Ro, Stephen
name: Matzner, Christopher D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave-driven outflows and non-disruptive explosions have been implicated in pre-supernova outbursts, supernova impostors, LBV eruptions, and some narrow-line and superluminous supernovae. To model these events, we investigate the dynamics of stars set in motion by strong acoustic pulses and wave trains, focusing here on nonlinear wave propagation, shock formation, and an early phase of the development of a weak shock. We identify the shock formation radius, showing that a heuristic estimate based on crossing characteristics matches an exact expansion around the wave front and verifying both with numerical experiments. Our general analytical condition for shock formation applies to one-dimensional motions within any static environment, including both eruptions and implosions, and can easily be extended to non-stationary flows. We also consider the early phase of shock energy dissipation. We find that waves of super-Eddington acoustic luminosity always create shocks, rather than damping by radiative diffusion. Therefore, shock formation is integral to super-Eddington outbursts.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal, comments welcome
You won't break our souls : women knowledge workers in higher education show themselves out
Creators: name: Taylor, M. Yvonne
name: 0000-0002-5870-9245
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Higher education
Knowledge workers
Professional staff
The Great Resignation
Gendered organizations
Racialized organizations
Inequality regimes
HWIs

description: This critical ethnographic case study applies an intersectional lens (Crenshaw, 1990; Esposito & Williams, 2022) that combines Acker’s gendered organizational theory and inequality regimes (1990, 2010) and Ray’s theory of racialized organizations (2019) to examine women’s experiences working as non-student-facing professional staff, or knowledge workers, and the factors that influenced their decision to leave a single historically White institution of higher education during April 2021-August 2022, also known as The Great Resignation. The study asks three questions: RQ1: What stories do women share about their experiences working as non-student-facing professional staff within a historically White institution of higher education in the United States that led them to resign from the organization during April 2021 to August 2022, The Great Resignation (micro) RQ2: What if any elements of the organization’s structure, as understood and revealed by the participants’ stories, affected their decision to resign? (meso) RQ3: What, if anything, do the participants’ stories reveal about the organization as a gendered and racialized organization? (macro) The study contributes to organizational research by providing contribution to the understanding of historically White institutions of higher education’s organizational structures and how and whether both organizational position as well as identity contribute to experiences of marginalization within these institutions. The study contributes to higher education research literature by addressing an absence in research about knowledge workers within higher education. It also contributes to research related to attrition and retention of staff with marginalized identities.
Analytical expressions and numerical evaluation of the luminosity distance in a flat cosmology
Creators: name: Baes, Maarten
name: Camps, Peter
name: Van De Putte, Dries
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate and efficient methods to evaluate cosmological distances are an important tool in modern precision cosmology. In a flat $Λ$CDM cosmology, the luminosity distance can be expressed in terms of elliptic integrals. We derive an alternative and simple expression for the luminosity distance in a flat $Λ$CDM based on hypergeometric functions. Using a timing experiment we compare the computation time for the numerical evaluation of the various exact formulae, as well as for two approximate fitting formulae available in the literature. We find that our novel expression is the most efficient exact expression in the redshift range $z\gtrsim1$. Ideally, it can be combined with the expression based on Carlson's elliptic integrals in the range $z\lesssim1$ for high precision cosmology distance calculations over the entire redshift range. On the other hand, for practical work where relative errors of about 0.1% are acceptable, the analytical approximation proposed by Adachi & Kasai (2012) is a suitable alternative.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Symmetry and the Geometric Phase in Ultracold Hydrogen-Exchange Reactions
Creators: name: Croft, J. F. E.
name: Hazra, J.
name: Balakrishnan, N.
name: Kendrick, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum reactive scattering calculations are reported for the ultracold hydrogen-exchange reaction and its non-reactive atom-exchange isotopic counterparts, proceeding from excited rotational states. It is shown that while the geometric phase (GP) does not necessarily control the reaction to all final states one can always find final states where it does. For the isotopic counterpart reactions these states can be used to make a measurement of the GP effect by separately measuring the even and odd symmetry contributions, which experimentally requires nuclear-spin final-state resolution. This follows from symmetry considerations that make the even and odd identical-particle exchange symmetry wavefunctions which include the GP locally equivalent to the opposite symmetry wavefunctions which do not. This equivalence reflects the important role discrete symmetries play in ultracold chemistry generally and highlights the key role ultracold reactions can play in understanding fundamental aspects of chemical reactivity.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; updated title and minor formatting errors fixed
Statistical Detection of the HeII Transverse Proximity Effect: Evidence for Sustained Quasar Activity for $>$25 Million Years
Creators: name: Schmidt, Tobias M.
name: Worseck, Gabor
name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Crighton, Neil H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HeII transverse proximity effect -- enhanced HeII Ly$α$~transmission in a background sightline caused by the ionizing radiation of a foreground quasar -- offers a unique opportunity to probe the morphology of quasar-driven HeII reionization. We conduct a comprehensive spectroscopic survey to find $z\sim3$ quasars in the foreground of 22 background quasar sightlines with HST/COS HeII Ly$α$~transmission spectra. With our two-tiered survey strategy, consisting of a deep pencil-beam survey and a shallow wide-field survey, we discover 131 new quasars, which we complement with known SDSS/BOSS quasars in our fields. Using a restricted sample of 66 foreground quasars with inferred HeII photoionization rates greater than the expected UV background at these redshifts ($Γ_\mathrm{QSO}^\mathrm{HeII} > 5 \times 10^{-16}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$) we perform the first statistical analysis of the HeII transverse proximity effect. Our results show qualitative evidence for a large object-to-object variance: among the four foreground quasars with the highest $Γ_\mathrm{QSO}^\mathrm{HeII}$ only one (previously known) quasar is associated with a significant HeII transmission spike. We perform a stacking analysis to average down these fluctuations, and detect an excess in the average HeII transmission near the foreground quasars at $3σ$ significance. This statistical evidence for the transverse proximity effect is corroborated by a clear dependence of the signal strength on $Γ_\mathrm{QSO}^\mathrm{HeII}$. Our detection places a purely geometrical lower limit on the quasar lifetime of $t_\mathrm{Q} > 25\,\mathrm{Myr}$. Improved modeling would additionally constrain quasar obscuration and the mean free path of HeII-ionizing photons.
description: 27 pages, 19 figures, submitted to ApJ
Cosmic censorship conjecture in some matching spherical collapsing metrics
Creators: name: Lapiedra, Ramon
name: Morales-Lladosa, Juan Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A physically plausible Lema{\^ı}tre-Tolman-Bondi collapse in the marginally bound case is considered. By "physically plausible" we mean that the corresponding metric is ${\cal C}^1$ matched at the collapsing star surface and further that its {\em intrinsic} energy is, as due, stationary and finite. It is proved for this Lema{\^ı}tre-Tolman-Bondi collapse, for some parameter values, that its intrinsic central singularity is globally naked, thus violating the cosmic censorship conjecture with, for each direction, one photon, or perhaps a pencil of photons, leaving the singularity and reaching the null infinity. Our result is discussed in relation to some other cases in the current literature on the subject in which some of the central singularities are globally naked too.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Feedback-Driven Automated Whole Bug Report Reproduction for Android Apps
Creators: name: Wang, Dingbang
name: Zhao, Yu
name: Feng, Sidong
name: Zhang, Zhaoxu
name: Halfond, William G. J.
name: Chen, Chunyang
name: Sun, Xiaoxia
name: Shi, Jiangfan
name: Yu, Tingting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In software development, bug report reproduction is a challenging task. This paper introduces ReBL, a novel feedback-driven approach that leverages GPT-4, a large-scale language model (LLM), to automatically reproduce Android bug reports. Unlike traditional methods, ReBL bypasses the use of Step to Reproduce (S2R) entities. Instead, it leverages the entire textual bug report and employs innovative prompts to enhance GPT's contextual reasoning. This approach is more flexible and context-aware than the traditional step-by-step entity matching approach, resulting in improved accuracy and effectiveness. In addition to handling crash reports, ReBL has the capability of handling non-crash functional bug reports. Our evaluation of 96 Android bug reports (73 crash and 23 non-crash) demonstrates that ReBL successfully reproduced 90.63% of these reports, averaging only 74.98 seconds per bug report. Additionally, ReBL outperformed three existing tools in both success rate and speed.
description: Accepted by ISSTA 2024
title: Forschung zu Engagement in Bevölkerungsschutzkontexten
title: Eine Übersicht an Forschungsprojekten im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2023
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Merkes, Sara T.
name: Zimmermann, Theresa
name: Lerner, Lukas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Engagement
subject: Bevölkerungsschutz
subject: Krisen
subject: Forschungsprojekte
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Das Working Paper stellt die Ergebnisse einer strukturierten Recherche zu Forschungsprojekten, die sich mit verschiedenen Formen von Engagement in der Bewältigung von Krisen und Katastrophen befassen, dar. Insgesamt werden 70 Projekte mit primärem Bezug zu Deutschland und Ergänzungen aus dem internationalen Kontext vorgestellt und thematisch geclustert. Die Projekte fokussieren die Themen Spontanhilfe, App-Entwicklung, Kooperation, Organisationsbindung, Motivation und Wandel von Engagement. Die Forschungsprojektrecherche bildet die Grundlage für eine Metaanalyse von Forschungsprojekten und Praxisansätzen, die im Forschungsprojekt ATLAS-ENGAGE durchgeführt wird.
description: The working paper presents the results of a structured research on research projects dealing with different forms of volunteering in crises and disasters. A total of 70 projects with primary reference to Germany and supplements from the international context are presented and thematically clustered. The projects focus on spontaneous volunteering, app development, cooperation, organizational affiliation, motivation, and change of volunteering. The project research forms the basis for a meta-analysis of research projects and practice approaches, which is carried out in the research project ATLAS-ENGAGE.
The Eocene carbonate platforms of the Ghomaride Domain (Internal Rif Zone, N Morocco): a segment of the westernmost Tethys
Creators: name: Martin-Martin, Manuel
name: Tosquella, Josep
name: Guerrera, Francesco
name: Maate, Ali
name: Hlila, Rachid
name: Maate, Soufian
name: Tramontana, Mario
name: Le Breton, Eline
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Carbonate platforms
subject: Larger benthic foraminifera
subject: Ypresian-Bartonian
subject: Palaeoenvironmental evolution
subject: Westernmost Tethys
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The Eocene platform deposits in the Moroccan Ghomarides have been studied. These marine carbonate platforms were located in the westernmost Tethys approximately 30°N and 0°–10°W during the Cuisian to Bartonian. The study includes observations from fossiliferous assemblages (such as larger benthic foraminifera and colonial corals), their palaeoenvironment as well as rock texture and fabric. Eight microfacies were identified that represent different ramp environments in a ‘distally-steepened carbonate ramp’ type of platform. The studied deposits are organised into a transgressive succession composed of three sedimentary cycles: lower Cuisian, middle Cuisian and middle Lutetian to Bartonian. In the lower cycle, photic inner to mid ramp environments in mesotrophic conditions were prevalent. In the second cycle, photic inner ramp (sea-grass) to mid ramp environments in mesotrophic to oligotrophic conditions were observed. The upper cycle, which is more extensive and variable, represents mesophotic mid ramp to aphotic slope environments and changes gradually from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. During the Eocene, larger benthic foraminifera were dominant overtaking the zooxanthellate corals in the Tethys regions. Nevertheless, our study and the performed comparison with other Tethyan sectors have revealed that in some areas both coexisted in similar proportions. In some western Tethys regions close to the Atlantic Ocean, coinciding with areas influenced by upwelling currents, larger benthic foraminifera and coral build-ups were replaced by oyster reefs. The Ghomaride Domain represents an intermediate case between fossil assemblages of the northern Tethyan margin and eastern sector of the southern margin of the Tethys, with a dominance of larger benthic foraminifera but with a certain presence of corals as well. A good correlation exists between Eocene warm intervals and carbonate platform deposits in these domains. Contrarily, during cooling ones shallowing and gaps in the sedimentation are registered. Two anomalies have been detected in the Ghomaride Domain during Ypresian and Bartonian times indicating particular climatic conditions or local tectonic interferences.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of whole mouse embryos at the onset of organogenesis
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhishek Sampath
name: Tian, Luyi
name: Bolondi, Adriano
name: Aragonés Hernández, Amèlia
name: Stickels, Robert
name: Kretzmer, Helene
name: Murray, Evan
name: Wittler, Lars
name: Haut, Leah
name: Meissner, Alexander
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Embryogenesis
subject: Transcriptomics
subject: mouse embryos
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Spatiotemporal orchestration of gene expression is required for proper embryonic development. The use of single-cell technologies has begun to provide improved resolution of early regulatory dynamics, including detailed molecular definitions of most cell states during mouse embryogenesis. Here we used Slide-seq to build spatial transcriptomic maps of complete embryonic day (E) 8.5 and E9.0, and partial E9.5 embryos. To support their utility, we developed sc3D, a tool for reconstructing and exploring three-dimensional ‘virtual embryos’, which enables the quantitative investigation of regionalized gene expression patterns. Our measurements along the main embryonic axes of the developing neural tube revealed several previously unannotated genes with distinct spatial patterns. We also characterized the conflicting transcriptional identity of ‘ectopic’ neural tubes that emerge in Tbx6 mutant embryos. Taken together, we present an experimental and computational framework for the spatiotemporal investigation of whole embryonic structures and mutant phenotypes.
Velocity-Resolved Ionization Mapping of Broad Line Region. I. Insights into Diverse Geometry and Kinematics
Creators: name: Li, Sha-Sha
name: Feng, Hai-Cheng
name: Liu, H. T.
name: Bai, J. M.
name: Ji, Xiang
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Lu, Kai-Xing
name: Wang, Jian-Guo
name: Li, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broad emission lines of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) originate from the broad-line region (BLR), consisting of dense gas clouds in orbit around an accreting supermassive black hole. Understanding the geometry and kinematics of the region is crucial for gaining insights into the physics and evolution of AGNs. Conventional velocity-resolved reverberation mapping may face challenges in disentangling the degeneracy between intricate motion and geometry of this region. To address this challenge, new key constraints are required. Here, we report the discovery of an asymmetric BLR using a novel technique: velocity-resolved ionization mapping, which can map the distance of emitting gas clouds by measuring Hydrogen line ratios at different velocities. By analyzing spectroscopic monitoring data, we find that the Balmer decrement is anticorrelated with the continuum and correlated with the lags across broad emission line velocities. Some line ratio profiles deviate from the expectations for a symmetrically virialized BLR, suggesting that the red-shifted and blue-shifted gas clouds may not be equidistant from the supermassive black hole (SMBH). This asymmetric geometry might represent a formation imprint, provide new perspectives on the evolution of AGNs, and influence SMBH mass measurements.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by ApJ
Torsional Alfvén resonances as an efficient damping mechanism for non-radial oscillations in red giant stars
Creators: name: Loi, Shyeh Tjing
name: Papaloizou, John C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars are self-gravitating fluids in which pressure, buoyancy, rotation and magnetic fields provide the restoring forces for global modes of oscillation. Pressure and buoyancy energetically dominate, while rotation and magnetism are generally assumed to be weak perturbations and often ignored. However, observations of anomalously weak dipole mode amplitudes in red giant stars suggest that a substantial fraction of these are subject to an additional source of damping localised to their core region, with indirect evidence pointing to the role of a deeply buried magnetic field. It is also known that in many instances the gravity-mode character of affected modes is preserved, but so far no effective damping mechanism has been proposed that accommodates this aspect. Here we present such a mechanism, which damps the oscillations of stars harbouring magnetised cores via resonant interactions with standing Alfvén modes of high harmonic index. The damping rates produced by this mechanism are quantitatively on par with those associated with turbulent convection, and in the range required to explain observations, for realistic stellar models and magnetic field strengths. Our results suggest that magnetic fields can provide an efficient means of damping stellar oscillations without needing to disrupt the internal structure of the modes, and lay the groundwork for an extension of the theory of global stellar oscillations that incorporates these effects.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Low velocity streams inside the planetary nebula H 2-18. A 3D photoionization and kinematical reconstruction
Creators: name: Gesicki, K.
name: Zijlstra, A.
name: Hajduk, M.
name: Iwanowska, A.
name: Grzesiak, K.
name: Lisiecki, K.
name: Lipinski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. Numerous planetary nebulae show complicated inner structures not obviously explained. For one such object we undertake a detailed 3D photoionization and kinematical model analysis for a better understanding of the underlying shaping processes. Methods. We obtained 2D ARGUS/IFU spectroscopy covering the whole nebula in selected, representative emission lines. A 3D photoionization modelling was used to compute images and line profiles. Comparison of the observations with the models was used to fine-tune the model details. This predicts the approximate nebular 3D structure and kinematics. Results. We found that within a cylindrical outer nebula there is a hidden, very dense, bar-like or cylindrical inner structure. Both features are co-axial and are inclined to the sky by 40 deg. A wide asymmetric one-sided plume attached to one end of the bar is proposed to be a flat structure. All nebular components share the same kinematics, with an isotropic velocity field which monotonically increases with distance from the star before reaching a plateau. The relatively low velocities indicate that the observed shapes do not require particularly energetic processes and there is no indication for the current presence of a jet. The 3D model reproduces the observed line ratios and the detailed structure of the object significantly better than previous models.
description: accepted for publication in A&A, 8 pages, 8 figures
A pedestrian flow model with stochastic velocities: microscopic and macroscopic approaches
Creators: name: Göttlich, Simone
name: Knapp, Stephan
name: Schillen, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B20, 65Cxx, 35L60

description: We investigate a stochastic model hierarchy for pedestrian flow. Starting from a microscopic social force model, where the pedestrians switch randomly between the two states stop-or-go, we derive an associated macroscopic model of conservation law type. Therefore we use a kinetic mean-field equation and introduce a new problem-oriented closure function. Numerical experiments are presented to compare the above models and to show their similarities.
description: 23 pages
A ferromagnetic Eu–Pt surface compound grown below hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Bakhit, Alaa Mohammed Idris
name: Ali, Khadiza
name: Makarova, Anna A.
name: Pis, Igor
name: Bondino, Federica
name: Sant, Roberto
name: Dash, Saroj P.
name: Castrillo-Bodero, Rodrigo
name: Hasegawa, Yuri
name: Ortega, J. Enrique
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Europium
subject: hexagonal boron nitride
subject: Pt substrate
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: One of the fundamental applications for monolayer-thick 2D materials is their use as protective layers of metal surfaces and in situ intercalated reactive materials in ambient conditions. Here we investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties, as well as the chemical stability in air of a very reactive metal, Europium, after intercalation between a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layer and a Pt substrate. We demonstrate that Eu intercalation leads to a hBN-covered ferromagnetic EuPt2 surface alloy with divalent Eu2+ atoms at the interface. We expose the system to ambient conditions and find a partial conservation of the di-valent signal and hence the Eu–Pt interface. The use of a curved Pt substrate allows us to explore the changes in the Eu valence state and the ambient pressure protection at different substrate planes. The interfacial EuPt2 surface alloy formation remains the same, but the resistance of the protecting hBN layer to ambient conditions is reduced, likely due to a rougher surface and a more discontinuous hBN coating.
The Jurassic epiphytic macrolichen Daohugouthallus reveals the oldest lichen-plant interaction in a Mesozoic forest ecosystem
Creators: name: Yang, Qiuxia
name: Wang, Yanyan
name: Lücking, Robert
name: Lumbsch, H. Thorsten
name: Du, Zhenyong
name: Chen, Yunkang
name: Bai, Ming
name: Ren, Dong
name: Wei, Jiangchun
name: Li, Hu
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth history
subject: Paleontology
subject: Plant evolution
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::560 Fossilien, Paläontologie::560 Paläontologie, Paläozoologie

description: Lichens are well known as pioneer organisms or stress-tolerant extremophiles, potentially playing a core role in the early formation of terrestrial ecosystems. Epiphytic macrolichens are known to contribute to the water- and nutrient cycles in forest ecosystem. But due to the scarcity of fossil record, the evolutionary history of epiphytic macrolichens is poorly documented. Based on new fossil of Jurassic Daohugouthallus ciliiferus, we demonstrate the hitherto oldest known macrolichen inhabited a gymnosperm branch. We applied energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and geometric morphometric analysis to complementarily verify lichen affinity of D. ciliiferus and quantitatively assess the potential relationships with extant lichenized lineages, providing new approaches for study of this lichen adpression fossil. Considering the results, and the inferred age of D. ciliiferus, a new family, Daohugouthallaceae, is established. This work updates current knowledge to the early evolution of epiphytic macrolichens and reveals more complex lichen-plant interactions in a Jurassic forest ecosystem.
Parallel Segment Entanglement Swapping
Creators: name: He, Binjie
name: Loke, Seng W.
name: Zhang, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, scientists are trying to improve the entanglement swapping success rate by researching anti-noise technology on the physical level, thereby obtaining a higher generation rate of long-distance entanglement. However, we may improve the generation rate from another perspective, which is studying an efficient entanglement swapping strategy. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by existing entanglement swapping strategies, including the node allocation principle, time synchronization, and processing of entanglement swapping failure. We present Parallel Segment Entanglement Swapping (PSES) to solve these problems. The core idea of PSES is to segment the path and perform parallel entanglement swapping between segments to improve the generation rate of long-distance entanglement. We construct a tree-like model as the carrier of PSES and propose heuristic algorithms called Layer Greedy and Segment Greedy to transform the path into a tree-like model. Moreover, we realize the time synchronization and design the on-demand retransmission mechanism to process entanglement swapping failure. The experiments show that PSES performs superiorly to other entanglement swapping strategies, and the on-demand retransmission mechanism can reduce the average entanglement swapping time by 80% and the average entanglement consumption by 80%.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. This paper has been accepted by IEEE International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC 2024), Kanazawa, Japan, 2024, pp. 271-279, doi: 10.1109/QCNC62729.2024.00050
Interlaboratory Reproducibility in Growth and Reporter Expression in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Creators: name: Mager, Maurice
name: Hernandez, Hugo Pineda
name: Brandenburg, Fabian
name: López-Maury, Luis
name: McCormick, Alistair J.
name: Nürnberg, Dennis J.
name: Orthwein, Tim
name: Russo, David A.
name: Victoria, Angelo Joshua
name: Wang, Xiaoran
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: promoter
subject: cyanobacteria
subject: reproducibility
subject: interlab
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: In recent years, a plethora of new synthetic biology tools for use in cyanobacteria have been published; however, their reported characterizations often cannot be reproduced, greatly limiting the comparability of results and hindering their applicability. In this interlaboratory study, the reproducibility of a standard microbiological experiment for the cyanobacterial model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was assessed. Participants from eight different laboratories quantified the fluorescence intensity of mVENUS as a proxy for the transcription activity of the three promoters PJ23100, PrhaBAD, and PpetE over time. In addition, growth rates were measured to compare growth conditions between laboratories. By establishing strict and standardized laboratory protocols, reflecting frequently reported methods, we aimed to identify issues with state-of-the-art procedures and assess their effect on reproducibility. Significant differences in spectrophotometer measurements across laboratories from identical samples were found, suggesting that commonly used reporting practices of optical density values need to be supplemented by cell count or biomass measurements. Further, despite standardized light intensity in the incubators, significantly different growth rates between incubators used in this study were observed, highlighting the need for additional reporting requirements of growth conditions for phototrophic organisms beyond the light intensity and CO2 supply. Despite the use of a regulatory system orthogonal to Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, PrhaBAD, and a high level of protocol standardization, ∼32% variation in promoter activity under induced conditions was found across laboratories, suggesting that the reproducibility of other data in the field of cyanobacteria might be affected similarly.
TA'LIMDAGI INNOVATSION JARAYONLARDA OLIY TA'LIM TRANSFORMATSIYASINING MUASSASALARIDAGI O'RNI
Creators: name: Xalimov, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Innovatsion ta’lim sharoitida oliy ta’lim muassasalarini transformatsiyalashning tashkiliy-pedagogik shart-sharoitlarini aniqlash va tashkiliy-boshqaruv mexanizmlarini belgilash, shuningdek, ta’lim menejmenti tamoyillariga asoslangan holda ularni takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil etilgan. Oliy ta’lim muassasasida transformatsion yetakchiligini rivojlantirish mazmuni, transformatsiya jarayonlarida boshqaruv kompetentligini tavsiflovchi intellektuallik, emotsional barqarorlik, nostandart fikrlash, metakognitiv faollik  kabi kasbiy sifat ko‘rsatkichlari asosida aniqlashtirilgan.
Inferring the spin distribution of binary black holes using deep learning
Creators: name: Tang, Li
name: Fan, Xi-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin characteristics of black holes offer valuable insights into the evolutionary pathways of their progenitor stars, crucial for understanding the broader population properties of black holes. Traditional Hierarchical Bayesian inference techniques employed to discern these properties often entail substantial time investments, and consensus regarding the spin distribution of Binary Black Hole (BBH) systems remains elusive. In this study, leveraging observations from GWTC-3, we adopt a machine learning approach to infer the spin distribution of black holes within BBH systems. Specifically, we develop a Deep Neural Network (DNN) and train it using data generated from a Beta distribution. Our training strategy, involving the segregation of data into 10 bins, not only expedites model training but also enhances the DNN's versatility and adaptability to accommodate the burgeoning volume of gravitational wave observations. Utilizing Monte Carlo-bootstrap (MC-bootstrap) to generate observation-simulated samples, we derive spin distribution parameters: $α=1.3^{+0.25}_{-0.18},β=1.70^{+0.24}_{-0.29}$ for the larger BH sample and $α=1.37^{+0.31}_{-0.20},β=1.63^{+0.30}_{-0.20}$ for the smaller BH sample. Within our constraints, the distributions of component spin magnitudes suggest the likelihood of both black holes in the BBH merger possessing non-zero spin.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
The MASSIVE Survey VI: The Spatial Distribution and Kinematics of Warm Ionized Gas in the Most Massive Local Early-type Galaxies
Creators: name: Pandya, Viraj
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
name: Veale, Melanie
name: Ene, Irina
name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: Blakeslee, John P.
name: Goulding, Andy D.
name: McConnell, Nicholas J.
name: Nyland, Kristina
name: Thomas, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first systematic investigation of the existence, spatial distribution, and kinematics of warm ionized gas as traced by the [O II] 3727AA emission line in 74 of the most massive galaxies in the local Universe. All of our galaxies have deep integral field spectroscopy from the volume- and magnitude-limited MASSIVE survey of early-type galaxies with stellar mass log(M_*/M_sun) > 11.5 (M_K < -25.3 mag) and distance D < 108 Mpc. Of the 74 galaxies in our sample, we detect warm ionized gas in 28, which yields a global detection fraction of 38\pm6% down to a typical [O II] equivalent width limit of 2AA. MASSIVE fast rotators are more likely to have gas than MASSIVE slow rotators with detection fractions of 80\pm10% and 28\pm6%, respectively. The spatial extents span a wide range of radii (0.6 - 18.2 kpc; 0.1 - 4R_e), and the gas morphologies are diverse, with 17/28 = 61\pm9% being centrally concentrated, 8/28 = 29\pm9% exhibiting clear rotation out to several kpc, and 3/28 = 11\pm6% being extended but patchy. Three out of four fast rotators show kinematic alignment between the stars and gas, whereas the two slow rotators with robust kinematic measurements available exhibit kinematic misalignment. Our inferred warm ionized gas masses are roughly ~10^5M_sun. The emission line ratios and radial equivalent width profiles are generally consistent with excitation of the gas by the old underlying stellar population. We explore different gas origin scenarios for MASSIVE galaxies and find that a variety of physical processes are likely at play, including internal gas recycling, cooling out of the hot gaseous halo, and gas acquired via mergers.
description: Re-submitted to ApJ after addressing referee report; main body is 14 pages with 6 figures; with appendices, total of 24 pages and 14 figures; comments welcome
Nonlinear terahertz control of the lead halide perovskite lattice
Creators: name: Frenzel, Maximilian
name: Cherasse, Marie
name: Urban, Joanna M.
name: Wang, Feifan
name: Xiang, Bo
name: Nest, Leona
name: Huber, Lucas
name: Perfetti, Luca
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: lead halide perovskites
subject: selective control
subject: lattice
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as an excellent class of semiconductors for next-generation solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Tailoring physical properties by fine-tuning the lattice structures has been explored in these materials by chemical composition or morphology. Nevertheless, its dynamic counterpart, phonon-driven ultrafast material control, as contemporarily harnessed for oxide perovskites, has not yet been established. Here, we use intense THz electric fields to obtain direct lattice control via nonlinear excitation of coherent octahedral twist modes in hybrid CH3NH3PbBr3 and all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites. These Raman-active phonons at 0.9 to 1.3 THz are found to govern the ultrafast THz-induced Kerr effect in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase and thus dominate the phonon-modulated polarizability with potential implications for dynamic charge carrier screening beyond the Fröhlich polaron. Our work opens the door to selective control of LHP’s vibrational degrees of freedom governing phase transitions and dynamic disorder.
Gaia DR3 asteroid reflectance spectra: L-type families, memberships, and ages
Creators: name: Balossi, Roberto
name: Tanga, Paolo
name: Sergeyev, Alexey
name: Cellino, Alberto
name: Spoto, Federica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) contains reflectance spectra at visible wavelengths for 60,518 asteroids over the range between 374-1034 nm, representing a large sample that is well suited to studies of asteroid families. We want to assess the potential of Gaia spectra in identifying asteroid family members. Here, we focus on two L-type families, namely Tirela/Klumpkea and Watsonia. These families are known for their connection to Barbarian asteroids, which are potentially abundant in calcium-aluminum rich inclusions (CAIs). Our method is based (1) on a color taxonomy specifically built on Gaia data and (2) the similarity of spectra of candidate members with the template spectrum of a specific family. We identified objects in the halo of Tirela/Klumpkea, along with possible interlopers. We also found an independent group of eight asteroids erroneously linked to the family by the hierarchical clustering method (HCM). Consequently, the knowledge of the size distribution of the family has been significantly improved, with a more consistent shape at the larger end. The Watsonia family is a more intricate case, mainly due to its smaller size and the less marked difference between the spectral types of the background and of the family members. However, the spectral selection helps identify objects that were not seen by HCM, including a cluster separated from the family core by a resonance. For both families, the V-shape is better defined, leading to a revised age estimation based on the memberships established mainly from spectral properties. Our work demonstrates the advantage of combining the classical HCM approach to spectral properties obtained by Gaia for the study of asteroid families. Future data releases are expected to further expand the capabilities in this domain
description: 15 pages, 18 figures. For the associated family memberships tables, see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12704069