cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shadow Pricing Market Access: A Trade Benefit Function Approach
Creators: name: Chau, Nancy H.
name: Fare, Rolf
name: Chau, Nancy H.
name: Fare, Rolf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Public Economics
subject: Trade Benet Function
subject: Shadow Prices of Net Imports

description: Appropriate assessment of the social value of market access is at the core of a broad range of inquiries in trade research. A selection include: the appraisal of industry-level production and consumption distortions due to selective trade liberalization and partial tax reform; the construction of national-level quantity indicators of market access consistent with welfare change, and the use of international trade re-balancing as sanctions to discourage trade agreement violations, or as compensation in trade dispute settlement. In order to obtain shadow prices, we propose a new approach integrating the Luenberger benet function and the directional output distance function. This yields a trade benet function which represents trade preferences a la Meade in the context of a canonical general equilibrium model of trade. We rst show that our approach is in keeping with well-established and commonly used measurement techniques of trade welfare, for the standard trade expenditure function is in fact dual to the trade benet function. We then show that this dual relation allows for a direct retrieval of the shadow values of net imports from the trade benet function. The usefulness and operationality of our approach is then demonstrated in a series of applications and simulations.
Lithodes couesi Benedict 1895
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Lithodidae
Lithodes
Lithodes couesi

description: Lithodes couesi Benedict, 1895
(Pl. 6A)
 Lithodes couesi Benedict, 1895: 481. — Schmitt 1921: 162, pl. 28, pl. 29 figs. 3–5. — Makarov 1962: 255, fig. 101. — Pereyra & Alton 1972: 450. — Somerton 1981: 259, figs. 7, 8. — Hart 1982: 94, fig. 31. — Wicksten 1982: 245; 1989b: 314. — Dawson 1989: 317. — Komai & Anaoka 1989: 287. — Martin et al. 1997: 79, fig. 1 (extensive synonymy). — Macpherson & Wehrtmann 2010: 148.
 Diagnosis. Carapace longer than wide, with spines on dorsal surface and larger ones along margins. Rostrum with bifid apex, pair lateral spines. Chelipeds much shorter than walking legs, with spines; fingers with gape. Pereopods 2–4 with spines on upper surface, margins. Abdomen without spines. Spines relatively larger and rostrum relatively longer in relation to carapace in juveniles than in adults. Individuals varying in shape, length of rostrum; also lateral spines of carapace. Carapace length to 105 mm.
 Color in life. Carapace rosy pink, spines red. Chelipeds, other pereopods crimson with white joints. Juveniles scarlet (Hart 1982).
 Habitat and depth. Among mud or boulders, 258–1829 m.
 Range. Okhotsk Sea off Japan; Bering Sea to south of Tortugas Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality north of Unalaska.
 Remarks. Lithodes couesi has three adaptations to survival in areas of low oxygen concentration: inflated branchial chambers, large exhalent openings and large scaphognathites. Photographs show the crab walking on tiptoe atop soft muddy sediments (Somerton 1981). Martin et al. (1997) reported that the crab can be heavily infested by the rhizocephalan Briarosaccus callosus Boschma, 1930.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 167
The Narrow Pulse Approximation and long length scale determination in xenon gas diffusion NMR studies of model porous media
Creators: name: Mair, R. W.
name: Sen, P. N.
name: Hurlimann, M. D.
name: Patz, S.
name: Cory, D. G.
name: Walsworth, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic study of xenon gas diffusion NMR in simple model porous media: random packs of mono-sized glass beads, and focus on three specific areas peculiar to gas-phase diffusion. These topics are: (i) diffusion of spins on the order of the pore dimensions during the application of the diffusion encoding gradient pulses in a PGSE experiment (breakdown of the 'narrow pulse approximation' and imperfect background gradient cancellation), (ii) the ability to derive long-length scale structural information, and (iii) effects of finite sample size. We find that the time-dependent diffusion coefficient, D(t), of the imbibed xenon gas at short diffusion times in small beads is significantly affected by the gas pressure. In particular, as expected, we find smaller deviations between measured D(t) and theoretical predictions as the gas pressure is increased, resulting from reduced diffusion during the application of the gradient pulse. The deviations are then completely removed when water D(t) is observed in the same samples. The use of gas also allows us to probe D(t) over a wide range of length scales, and observe the long-time asymptotic limit which is proportional to the inverse tortuosity of the sample, as well as the diffusion distance where this limit takes effect (~ 1 - 1.5 bead diameters). The Pade approximation can be used as a reference for expected xenon D(t) data between the short and long time limits, allowing us to explore deviations from the expected behaviour at intermediate times as a result of finite sample size effects. Finally, the application of the Pade interpolation between the long and short time asymptotic limits yields a fitted length scale (the "Pade length"), which is found to be ~ 0.13b for all bead packs, where b is the bead diameter.
description: single pdf file including figures
Additional file 4 of Multimodal-based machine learning strategy for accurate and non-invasive prediction of intramedullary glioma grade and mutation status of molecular markers: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Ma, Chao
name: Wang, Liyang
name: Song, Dengpan
name: Gao, Chuntian
name: Jing, Linkai
name: Lu, Yang
name: Liu, Dongkang
name: Man, Weitao
name: Yang, Kaiyuan
name: Meng, Zhe
name: Zhang, Huifang
name: Xue, Ping
name: Zhang, Yupeng
name: Guo, Fuyou
name: Wang, Guihuai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 4. Selected stable features in TRA and SAG images. To avoid interobserver variations during manual segmentation, we calculated the intraclass correlation coefficientfor each feature, and only those with high stabilitywere included in the analysis. The above table shows the proportion of stable features in each feature class extracted from TRA and SAG images. GLDM, gray-level dependence matrix; GLRLM, gray-level run-length matrix; GLSZM, gray-level size zone matrix; NGTDM, neighboring gray-tone difference matrix; SAG, sagittal; TRA, transverse.
Xenysmoderes ruficollis Yoshitake 2005, new species
Creators: name: Yoshitake, Hiraku
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Xenysmoderes
Xenysmoderes ruficollis

description: Xenysmoderes ruficollis Yoshitake, new species
(Figs. 3, 4, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25–28, 31, 33, 42)
description: Published as part of Yoshitake, Hiraku, 2005, Taxonomic Position of a Taiwanese Ceutorhynchine, Mecysmoderes consularis Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with Description of an Allied New Species from Lanhsu Island, pp. 7-22 in The Coleopterists Bulletin (Warsaw, Poland: 1960) (Warsaw, Poland: 1960) 59 (1) on pages 7-22, DOI: 10.1649/660, http://zenodo.org/record/5345972
Quaternionic Kähler and hyperKähler manifolds with torsion and twistor spaces
Creators: name: Ivanov, Stefan
name: Minchev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C25

description: The target space of a (4,0) supersymmetric two-dimensional sigma model with Wess-Zumino term has a connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion and holonomy contained in Sp(n)Sp(1) (resp. Sp(n)), QKT (resp. HKT)-spaces. We study the geometry of QKT, HKT manifold and their twistor spaces. We show that the Swann bundle of a QKT manifold admits a HKT structure with special symmetry if and only if the twistor space of the QKT manifold admits an almost hermitian structure with totally skew-symmetric Nijenhuis tensor, thus connecting two structures arising from quantum field theories and supersymmetric sigma models with Wess-Zumino term.
description: LaTeX 17 pages, Corrections in section 6, final version to appear in Crelle's Journal
Lopholithodes foraminatus
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Lithodidae
Lopholithodes
Lopholithodes foraminatus

description: Lopholithodes foraminatus (Stimpson, 1859)
(Pl. 6D)
 Echinocerus foraminatus Stimpson, 1859: 79.
 Lopholithodes foraminatus. — Holmes 1900; 130. — Schmitt 1921: 157, pl. 21, fig. 2; fig. 102. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 340, figs. 288, 294. — Goodwin 1952: 176. — MacGinitie & MacGinitie 1968: 300. — Pereyra & Alton 1972: 450. — Wicksten 1980: 363. — Hart 1982: 80, fig. 24. — Wicksten 1980c: 363; 1982b: 245; 1989b: 314. — Dawson 1989: 318. — Jensen 1995: 72, fig 143. — Martin & Haney 2005: 450. — Kuris et al. 2007: 648.
 Diagnosis. Carapace tuberculate, depressed; gastric region elevated, margins with low, wide spines. Rostrum short, with median spine, spiny tubercles above base. Chelipeds tuberculate, equal; with broad sinus on carpus forming, with similar sinus on pereopods 2, large respiratory opening. Pereopods 2–4 tuberculate, capable of being drawn tightly against cephalothorax. Abdomen asymmetrical, tuberculate. Carapace length to 165 mm.
 Color in life. Drab reddish-brown or tan. The color notes are based on crabs trawled off southern California.
 Habitat and depth. Sandy subtidal areas, rarely low intertidal zone to 547 m.
 Range. Kodiak, Alaska to San Diego, California. Type locality "near San Francisco, California.” The crab often is trawled north of San Francisco.
 Remarks. MacGinitie & MacGinitie (1968) gave a good account of the natural history of this burrowing crab. Martin & Haney (2005) reported this species from extinct vent sites in the Oregon Subduction Zone.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on pages 167-168
Children’s purchase behavior in the snack market: Can branding or low price motivate a healthy choice?
Creators: name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Cash, Sean B.
name: Yeh, Ching-Hua
name: Landwehr, Stefanie C.
name: McAlister, Anna R.
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Cash, Sean B.
name: Yeh, Ching-Hua
name: Landwehr, Stefanie C.
name: McAlister, Anna R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: children’s food preference
subject: discrete choice experiment
subject: aggregated and random parameter logit models

description: Background : Children’s dietary related diseases and their associated costs have expanded dramatically in many countries, making children’s food choice a policy issue of increasing relevance. As children spend a considerable amount of money on energy dense, nutrient‐poor (EDNP) food products a better understanding of the main drivers of children’s food purchase decisions is crucial to prompt this behavior towards a more health promoting diet. Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the role of branding and price in motivating children to choose healthier snack options. Methods: The study investigates snack choices of children ages 8 to 11 based on a survey and a purchase experiment. The research took place in after‐school programs of selected schools in the Boston area. 118 children took part in the study. Products in the choice experiment differed on three attributes, namely, product type (chocolate chip cookie as less healthy, and apple slices and strawberry tube yogurt as more healthy snacks), brand (McDonald’s or generic), and price ($0.30, $0.50, or $0.70). Data was analyzed using aggregated logit models, random parameter logit model and latent class analysis. Results: The results show that children’s purchase deci¬sions are primarily determined by product type with most children showing a high and signifi¬cant pre¬ference for choco¬late chip cookies. Surprisingly, generic products are preferred over the McDonald’s products across the whole sample, though children stating that they like McDonald’s reveal this also in their purchase decision. Prices only prove significant after controlling for whether or not children obtain allowance. Conclusion: First, it is not simple brand awareness but a child’s liking of the brand what determines whether a brand is success¬ful in motivating a child to choose a product and potentially a healthier option. Second, the extent of chil¬dren’s experience with money influences their price responsiveness. To the extent that children who receive allowance are primarily the once buying food snacks, higher prices for EDNP snacks could be success¬ful in motivating children to choose the healthier option.
Synthesis, spectral characterization, DFT, and molecular docking studies of metal(II) complexes derived from thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde and 2-amino-6-picoline
Creators: name: Liji John
name: R. Selwin Joseyphus
name: I. Hubert Joe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel series of metal complexes ML2Cl2 [M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), L = Schiff base] have been synthesized by the interaction of the ligand derived from the condensation of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with 2-amino-6-picoline. Molar conductance measurements indicate that the complexes are non-electrolytes. Infrared data indicate that the ligand is monodentate and binds to the metal ion via azomethine nitrogen atom. Electronic spectral data and magnetic measurements reveal tetrahedral and square planar geometries for the metal complexes. The redox behavior of complex [CuL2Cl2] has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Thermal decomposition profiles are consistent with the proposed formulation of the complexes. The XRD and SEM results indicate that ligand and complexes [CuL2Cl2] and [ZnL2Cl2] are nanocrystalline. The metal complexes showed higher photocatalytic efficiency under sunlight as evidenced by photocatalytic studies using methylene blue dye. Molecular structures of the ligand and its complexes have been optimized by DFT computations. Binding affinity of ligand and its complexes with target protein have been examined by molecular docking study. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds has been tested against certain bacterial and fungal species. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of complexes [CoL2Cl2] and [CuL2Cl2] have been tested against L929 fibroblast.
Quark model description of $ψ(4260)$
Creators: name: Bruschini, Roberto
name: González, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From lattice indications we follow a Born-Oppenheimer approximation to build a quark-antiquark static potential for $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ charmonium states below their first S- wave meson-meson threshold. We show that a good description of the mass and decay properties of the experimentally well established $ψ(4260)$ resonance is feasible.
description: 21 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures, keywords: quark; meson; potential
An Evaluation of the 2015 Outbreak of Avian Influenza in the U.S.
Creators: name: Gao, Lei
name: Richardson, James
name: Maisashvili, Aleksandre
name: Gao, Lei
name: Richardson, James
name: Maisashvili, Aleksandre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
subject: poultry production
subject: poultry trade
subject: structural model
subject: systems of equations
subject: supply and demand

description: This study quantifies the impacts of the 2015 outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) along the Pacific, Central and Mississippi flyways via a partial equilibrium sector-specific modeling system. Production shocks for egg and turkey sectors as well as trade shocks for egg, turkey, and broiler sectors are analyzed based on actual changes reported by USDA. Alternative scenarios for greater HPAI production losses were analyzed along with export demand reductions to test the combined impacts on prices of broiler, eggs, and turkey. The effects of the HPAI outbreak are examined by comparing the 10-year projection results for production, exports, prices, and per capita consumption for broiler, turkey, and egg. In all cases, the effects of the shock on production start to disappear after the second year while the effects of the shock on exports continue for 5 or more years.
A simulation research on thermal-pressure coupling loading of a 1:3.2 containment model
Creators: name: Zhao, Xuze
name: Yao, Di
name: Gao, Jingwei
name: Tan, Jianyu
name: Hao, Xiaowen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Due to the important role of nuclear power plant containment in the prevention of nuclear leaks, it is of great necessity to study the containment model’s loading mechanism and gas distribution. Most of the containment models in previous studies were of small size, with a maximum ratio of 1:4. Moreover, previous studies focused on the pressure and thermal-pressure coupling have not been examined. In this study, we take Langfang’s 1:3.2 containment model as the study object. Before the experiment, a thermal-pressure coupling simulation of the air-vapor mixed working medium was performed and the absolute pressure was loaded to 1.0 MPa. The temperature and pressure at several loading stages as well as their changes with different heights were obtained to account for stratification. The study also discovered that fluid mixing in the upper section of the containment was more intensive at the start of loading and declined with loading, accompanied by backflow and lateral movement. Pressure stratification became increasingly obvious and longitudinal temperature reverse stratification emerged as loading continued.
Photoionization Models of NGC 346
Creators: name: Relano, M.
name: Peimbert, M.
name: Beckman, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spherically symmetric and plane parallel photoionization models of NGC 346, an HII region in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The models are based on CLOUDY and on the observations of Peimbert, Peimbert, & Ruiz (2000). We find that approximately 45% of the H ionization photons escape from the HII region providing an important ionizing source for the low density interstellar medium of the SMC. The predicted I(4363)/I(5007) value is smaller than that observed, probably implying that there is an additional source of energy not taken into account by the models. From the ionization structure of the best model and the observed line intensities we determine the abundances of N, Ne, S, Ar, and Fe relative to O.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Lo spazio della pena carceraria tra realtà e rappresentazione cinematografica
Creators: name: Massaro, Antonella
Publisher: name: Italian Society for Law and Literature (ISLL)
Year: 2024

description: [The space of prison punishment between reality and cinematic representation] The space of the prison punishment is a central element in understanding the prison as a total institution. The analysis of the penalty means not only to underline the characters of prison archi-tecture, but also to examine the relationship between the prison structure and the ur-ban space. The essay considers these aspects, also with a focus on the cinematographic representation of prison and life of prisoners.
Finite Rigid Sets in Arc Complexes
Creators: name: Shinkle, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N05, 20F65, 20F38, 57M60

description: For any compact, connected, orientable, finite-type surface with marked points other than the sphere with three marked points, we construct a finite rigid set of its arc complex: a finite simplicial subcomplex of its arc complex such that any locally injective map of this set into the arc complex of another surface with arc complex of the same or lower dimension is induced by a homeomorphism of the surfaces, unique up to isotopy in most cases. It follows that if the arc complexes of two surfaces are isomorphic, the surfaces are homeomorphic. We also give an exhaustion of the arc complex by finite rigid sets. This extends the results of Irmak--McCarthy.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Minor revisions. To appear in Algebraic and Geometric Topology
Is the Cygnus Loop two supernova remnants?
Creators: name: Uyaniker, B.
name: Reich, W.
name: Yar, A.
name: Kothes, R.
name: Fuerst, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cygnus Loop is classified as a middle-aged supernova remnant (SNR) located below the Galactic equator (l=74, b=-8.6) and 770 pc away from us. Its large size and little confusion with Galactic emission makes it an ideal test ground for evolutionary and structural theories of SNRs. New radio continuum mapping of the Cygnus Loop at 2695 MHz with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope provides indications that the Cygnus Loop consists of two separate SNRs. Combining this result with data from the literature we argue that a secondary SNR exists in the south with a recently detected neutron star close to its center. Two interacting SNRs seem to be the best explanation to account for the Cygnus Loop observations at all wavelengths.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Astron. Astrophys., accepted
Personalized Avatar Creation using Face Recognition
Creators: name: Lyons, Michael
name: André Plante
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Computer Science
subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 80106 Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: 80103 Computer Graphics

description: Brief description of a system that uses face processing algorithms to extract the region of the face from an input image and combine it with an avatar body. If desired, high level knowledge of the face can be used to aid the user in the selection of an avatar body. In addition, the face can be caricaturized or distorted for for emphasis or comical effect.
Are Consumers’ Preferences for Food Values in the U.S. and Norway Similar? A Best-Worst Scaling Approach
Creators: name: Bazzani, Claudia
name: Gustavsen, Geir W.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
name: Bazzani, Claudia
name: Gustavsen, Geir W.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food Values
subject: Best Worst Scaling
subject: Consumers’ Preferences
subject: Discrete Choice Models
subject: U.S.
subject: Norway

description: Food values in Europe and the US may influence each other and be influenced by similar external factors. While a number of studies have focused on comparing consumers’ preferences for specific food attributes in the US and different European countries, this is the first study that compares food values. We compare food values in the US and Norway by using the Best-Worst scaling approach. Identical surveys involving about 1000 respondents were conducted in each country. The surveys included a series of choice sets where respondents were asked to indicate which food value they considered as the most and the least important. The food values included in the choice sets were naturalness, taste, price, safety, convenience, nutrition, novelty, origin, fairness, appearance, environmental impact, and animal welfare. The results show many similarities in preferences. Safety and taste are ranked as the most important values and novelty as the least important value in both countries. However, US respondents considered price as more important than did the Norwegian respondents.
A simulation research on thermal-pressure coupling loading of a 1:3.2 containment Model
Creators: name: Zhao, Xuze
name: Yao, Di
name: Gao, Jingwei
name: Tan, Jianyu
name: Hao, Xiaowen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Due to the important role of nuclear power plant containment in the prevention of nuclear leaks, it is of great necessity to study the containment model’s loading mechanism and gas distribution. Most of the containment models in previous studies were of small size, with a maximum ratio of 1:4. Moreover, previous studies focused on the pressure and thermal-pressure coupling have not been examined. In this study, we take Langfang’s 1:3.2 containment model as the study object. Before the experiment, a thermal-pressure coupling simulation of the air-vapor mixed working medium was performed and the absolute pressure was loaded to 1.0 MPa. The temperature and pressure at several loading stages as well as their changes with different heights were obtained to account for stratification. The study also discovered that fluid mixing in the upper section of the containment was more intensive at the start of loading and declined with loading, accompanied by backflow and lateral movement. Pressure stratification became increasingly obvious and longitudinal temperature reverse stratification emerged as loading continued.
An adaptive scheduling tool to optimize measurements to reach a scientific objective: methodology and application to the measurements of stellar orbits in the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Hees, A.
name: Dehghanfar, A.
name: Do, T.
name: Ghez, A. M.
name: Martinez, G. D.
name: Campbell, R.
name: Lu, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In various fields of physics and astronomy, access to experimental facilities or to telescopes is becoming more and more competitive and limited. It becomes therefore important to optimize the type of measurements and their scheduling to reach a given scientific objective and to increase the chances of success of a scientific project. In this communication, extending the work of Ford (2008) and of Loredo et al. (2012), we present an efficient adaptive scheduling tool aimed at prioritzing measurements in order to reach a scientific goal. The algorithm, based on the Fisher matrix, can be applied to a wide class of measurements. We present this algorithm in detail and discuss some practicalities such as systematic errors or measurements losses due to contigencies (such as weather, experimental failure, ...). As an illustration, we consider measurements of the short-period star S0-2 in our Galactic Center. We show that the radial velocity measurements at the two turning points of the radial velocity curve are more powerful for detecting the gravitational redshift than measurements at the maximal relativistic signal. We also explicitly present the methodology that was used to plan measurements in order to detect the relativistic redshift considering systematics and possible measurements losses. For the future, we identify the astrometric turning points to be highly sensitive to the relativistic advance of the periastron. Finally, we also identify measurements particularly sensitive to the distance to our Galactic Center: the radial velocities around periastron and the astrometric measurements just before closest approach and at the maximal right ascension astrometric turning point.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted
Curculio davidi
Creators: name: Pelsue, Frank W.
name: Zhang, Runzhi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Curculio
Curculio davidi

description: Curculio davidi (Fairmaire)
(Figs. 5, 6, 21–23)
 Balaninus davidi Fairmaire, 1878:126
 Type. China: Kiu-Kiang N. China. Holotype female (MNHN).
 Diagnosis. Length: 6.6 mm. Width: 3.3 mm. Female rostrum longer than body, male rostrum 2/3 of body length; derm piceous; anteriobasal pronotum emarginate with indication of postocular lobes; disc of pronotum with basolateral crescent shaped macula of clavate white scales; scutellum as long as broad, piceous, flanked by short fascia covering intervals 1–4, of clavate cretaceous scales; mesosternal intercoxal process prominent; disc of elytral with macula on intervals 1–2 midway between scutellum and mid fascia covering intervals 1–9 of clavate cretaceous scales; lateral elytra with short fascia on intervals 8–9 midway between base and median fascia of clavate cretaceous scales; crosshatch setae extending from short median macula to apex of elytra of suberect cretaceous scales; metafemoral tooth medium, pro- mesofemoral teeth small; pygidium with short cretaceous scales. Genitalia: median lobe elongate, margins broad to before apex, narrowing to bluntly rounded apex in dorsal view (Fig. 21); lateral view thickened to narrowing apex, evenly deflected to acute apex (Fig. 22). Female spermatheca: ramus short, broadly thickened, broadly truncate apically; collum flat dorsally broadly arced ventrally to thick cornu; cornu thick at base evenly tapered to up-turned rounded apex (Fig. 23).
 Distribution. China: Kouy-Tcheou.
 Remarks. This taxon is based on the cretaceous scale pattern on the pronotum and elytra and stands alone from all the other members of the C. dentipes species group. However, the species appears similar to Curculio lyali Pelsue and Zhang (2003) based on the scale pattern on the elytra, but differs by having the metafemur exceeding the apex of the elytra.
description: Published as part of Pelsue, Frank W. & Zhang, Runzhi, 2005, A Review of the Genus Curculio from China with Descriptions of Four New Taxa. Part V. The Curculio dentipes (Roelofs) Group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculionini), pp. 293-303 in The Coleopterists Bulletin (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) 59 (3) on pages 293-303, DOI: 10.1649/726.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5346019
Tortuosity Measurement and the Effects of Finite Pulse Widths on Xenon Gas Diffusion NMR Studies of Porous Media
Creators: name: Mair, R. W.
name: Hurlimann, M. D.
name: Sen, P. N.
name: Schwartz, L. M.
name: Patz, S.
name: Walsworth, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have extended the utility of NMR as a technique to probe porous media structure over length scales of ~ 100 - 2000 micron by using the spin 1/2 noble gas 129Xe imbibed into the system's pore space. Such length scales are much greater than can be probed with NMR diffusion studies of water-saturated porous media. We utilized Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo NMR measurements of the time-dependent diffusion coefficient, D(t) of the xenon gas filling the pore space to study further the measurements of both the surface area-pore volume ratio, S/Vp, and the tortuosity (pore connectivity) of the medium. In uniform-size glass bead packs, we observed D(t) decreasing with increasing t, reaching an observed asymptote of ~ 0.62 - 0.65D0, that could be measured over diffusion distances extending over multiple bead diameters. Measurements of D(t)/D0 at differing gas pressures showed this tortuosity limit was not affected by changing the characteristic diffusion length of the spins during the diffusion encoding gradient pulse. This was not the case at the short time limit, where D(t)/D0 was noticeably affected by the gas pressure in the sample. Increasing the gas pressure, and hence reducing D0 and the diffusion during the gradient pulse served to reduce the previously observed deviation of D(t)/D0 from the S/Vp relation. The Pade approximation is used to interpolate between the long and short time limits in D(t). While the short time D(t) point lay above the interpolation line in the case of small beads, due to diffusion during the gradient pulse on the order of the pore size, it was also noted that the experimental D(t) data fell below the Pade line in the case of large beads, most likely due to finite size effects.
description: single pdf file containing all figures
Lattice investigation of an inhomogeneous phase of the 2+1-dimensional Gross-Neveu model in the limit of infinitely many flavors
Creators: name: Winstel, Marc
name: Stoll, Jonas
name: Wagner, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase structure of the 2+1-dimensional Gross-Neveu model in the large-Nf limit, where Nf denotes the number of fermion flavors. We discuss two different fermion representations and their implication on the interpretation of a discrete symmetry of the action. We present numerical results, which indicate the existence of an inhomogeneous phase similar as in the 1+1-dimensional Gross-Neveu model.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Representations of marked quivers
Creators: name: Roiter, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a generalization of representations of quivers that contains also representations of posets, vectorspace problems and other matrix problems. Many examples, some of which are given in the paper, show that the language of marked quivers is rather convenient and that the notion of their representations can probably be considered as basic for a general theory of matrix problems. Some historical comments from my personal point of view are added in the Appendix.
description: 20 pages, accepted for publication in the Proceedings of ICRA IX
Gasterópodos, Caracoles y babosas
Creators: name: Ortigosa, Deneb
name: Suárez-Mozo, Nancy Yolimar
name: Vital, Xochitl
name: Castillo, Raúl
name: Ugalde, Diana
name: Simoes, Nuno
name: Guerra, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Gastropods
subject: Biodiversity
subject: Caribbean
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecosystem Ecology
subject: Gulf of Mexico
subject: Marine Biodiversity
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Marine Ecology
subject: Marine Environment
subject: Species diversity

description: This Infographic is a product of BDMY (https://www.bdmy.org.mx) project, that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, and CONABIO (Mexico).
 The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon. CC-BY-NC-ND
Cavity QED based on room temperature atoms interacting with a photonic crystal cavity: a feasibility study
Creators: name: Alaeian, Hadiseh
name: Ritter, Ralf
name: Basic, Muamera
name: Löw, Robert
name: Pfau, Tilman
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics, general
subject: Physical Chemistry
subject: Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices
subject: Quantum Optics
subject: Engineering, general
subject: DDC 530 / Physics

description: Abstract The paradigm of cavity QED is a two-level emitter interacting with a high-quality factor single-mode optical resonator. The hybridization of the emitter and photon wave functions mandates large vacuum Rabi frequencies and long coherence times; features that so far have been successfully realized with trapped cold atoms and ions, and localized solid-state quantum emitters such as superconducting circuits, quantum dots, and color centers Reiserer and Rempe (Rev Modern Phys 87:1379, 2015), Faraon et al. (Phys Rev 81:033838, 2010). Thermal atoms, on the other hand, provide us with a dense emitter ensemble and in comparison to the cold systems are more compatible with integration, hence enabling large-scale quantum systems. However, their thermal motion and large transit-time broadening is a major bottleneck that has to be circumvented. A promising remedy could benefit from the highly controllable and tunable electromagnetic fields of a nano-photonic cavity with strong local electric-field enhancements. Utilizing this feature, here we investigate the interaction between fast moving thermal atoms and a nano-beam photonic crystal cavity (PCC) with large quality factor and small mode volume. Through fully quantum mechanical calculations, including Casimir–Polder potential (i.e. the effect of the surface on radiation properties of an atom), we show, when designed properly, the achievable coupling between the flying atom and the cavity photon would be strong enough to lead to quantum interference effects in spite of short interaction times. In addition, the time-resolved detection of different trajectories can be used to identify single and multiple atom counts. This probabilistic approach will find applications in cavity QED studies in dense atomic media and paves the way towards realizing large-scale, room-temperature macroscopic quantum systems aimed at out of the lab quantum devices.
Cosmological Implications of the PSCz PDF and its Moments
Creators: name: Plionis, Manolis
name: Basilakos, Spyros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the {\em pdf} and its low-order moments (variance and skewness) of the smoothed PSCz galaxy density field and of the corresponding simulated PSCz look-alikes, generated from N-body simulations of 6 different DM models; four structure normalized with $Γ=0.25$ and $σ_{8}=0.55 Ω_{\circ}^{-0.6}$, one COBE normalized and the old SCDM. The galaxy distributions are smoothed with a Gaussian window at three different smoothing scales $R_{sm}=5$, 10 and $15 \hm$. We find that the simulation PSCz look-alike {\em pdf}'s are sensitive only on the normalization of the power spectrum, probably due to shape similarity of the simulated galaxy power spectrum on the relevant scales. We find that the only models that are consistent, at a high significance level, with the observed PSCz {\em pdf} are models with a relatively low power spectrum normalization $(σ_{8}=0.83)$. From the phenomenologically derived $σ_{8}-moments$ relation, fitted from the simulation data, we find that the PSCz moments suggest $σ_{8} \simeq 0.7$.
description: final version, MNRAS Vol.327, L32
Consumers' Valuation of Rice Grade Labeling
Creators: name: Choi, Young Woon
name: Han, Doo Bong
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Lee, Ji Yong
name: Choi, Young Woon
name: Han, Doo Bong
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Lee, Ji Yong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Rice grading system
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Experimental auction
subject: Contingent valuation

description: The objectives of this study are to identify consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for each rice grade (i.e. super, good, and normal) and to investigate consumers’ valuation for a mandatory rice grading system. We utilized a non-hypothetical experimental auction (i.e. random nth price auction) to elicit consumers’ valuation for rice grades and used contingent valuation method (i.e. double-bounded dichotomous choice) to obtain consumers’ valuation for the mandatory rice grading system. Our results generally suggest that the provision of rice grade labeling to consumers is very important to enhance the value of domestic rice. Moreover, quality differentiation of rice is critical to receive a high price since Korean consumers have a strong preference and high valuation for ‘Super’ grade rice. Korean consumers also have a positive preference for the mandatory rice grading system without the ‘no test’ option. These results partly give an incentive to improve the current rice grading system in South Korea.
Paralithodes californiensis
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Lithodidae
Paralithodes
Paralithodes californiensis

description: Paralithodes californiensis (Benedict, 1895)
(Fig. 39H, Pl. 6F)
 Lithodes californiensis Benedict, 1895: 483. — Holmes 1900: 131.
 Paralithodes californiensis. — Bouvier 1896: 23. — Schmitt 1921: 161, pl. 25, pl. 30, figs. 1, 2. — Goodwin 1952: 178, fig. 10. — MacGinitie & MacGinitie 1968: 300. — Anderson & Cailliet 1974: 29. — Wicksten 1982: 245; 1989b: 314. — Dawson 1989: 318.
 Diagnosis. Carapace longer than wide, with long spines on dorsal regions, margins of carapace; one large spine each above origins of pereopods 3, 4. Spines more pronounced in juveniles than in adults. Rostrum bifid, with two subrostral spines extending to end of cornea of eye. Chelipeds slender, spinous. Pereopods 2–4 elongate, spinous. Abdomen with membranous medial area. Carapace length 95 mm.
 Color in life. Orange with bluish-white spines. The color notes are from a crab taken off southern California.
 Habitat and depth. Mud or rocks, 145–300 m.
 Range. Off Pismo Beach to off San Diego, California. Type locality off Santa Cruz I., California.
 Remarks. This lithodid crab serves as host or substrate for other species. The gammarid amphipod Commensipleustes commensalis (Shoemaker, 1952) has been found on the carapace. Eggs of a snailfish, Careproctus sp., have been found in the gill chambers of this crab (Anderson & Cailliet 1974). Some larger crabs had cocoons of marine leeches on the carapace. The crab may be parasitized by rhizocephalan cirripeds.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 168
Heteroscedasticity-Adjusted Ranking and Thresholding for Large-Scale Multiple Testing
Creators: name: Fu, Luella
name: Gang, Bowen
name: James, Gareth M.
name: Wenguang Sun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Standardization has been a widely adopted practice in multiple testing, for it takes into account the variability in sampling and makes the test statistics comparable across different study units. However, despite conventional wisdom to the contrary, we show that there can be a significant loss in information from basing hypothesis tests on standardized statistics rather than the full data. We develop a new class of heteroscedasticity-adjusted ranking and thresholding (HART) rules that aim to improve existing methods by simultaneously exploiting commonalities and adjusting heterogeneities among the study units. The main idea of HART is to bypass standardization by directly incorporating both the summary statistic and its variance into the testing procedure. A key message is that the variance structure of the alternative distribution, which is subsumed under standardized statistics, is highly informative and can be exploited to achieve higher power. The proposed HART procedure is shown to be asymptotically valid and optimal for false discovery rate (FDR) control. Our simulation results demonstrate that HART achieves substantial power gain over existing methods at the same FDR level. We illustrate the implementation through a microarray analysis of myeloma.
Kuiper belt: formation and evolution
Creators: name: Morbidelli, Alessandro
name: Nesvorny, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This chapter reviews accretion models for Kuiper belt objects (KBOs), discussing in particular the compatibility of the observed properties of the KBO population with the streaming instability paradigm. Then it discusses how the dynamical structure of the KBO population, including the formation of its 5 sub-components (cold, hot, resonant, scattered and fossilized), can be quantitatively understood in the framewok of the giant planet instability. We also establish the connections between the KBO population and the Trojans of Jupiter and Neptune, the irregular satellites of all giant planets, the Oort cloud and the D-type main belt asteroids. Finally, we discuss the collisional evolution of the KBO population, arguing that the current size-frequency distribution below 100~km in size has been achieved as a collisional equilibrium in a few tens of My inside the original massive trans-Neptunain disk, possibly with the exception of the cold population sub-component.
description: Review chapter to be published in the book "The Transneptunian Solar System", Dina Prialnik, Maria Antonietta Barucci, Leslie Young Eds. Elsevier