cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Linking Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Microorganisms with Soil Phosphorus Dynamics in Wetlands Subjected to Microcosm Warming
Creators: name: Wang, Hang
name: Li, HongYi
name: Zhang, ZhiJian
name: He, Qiang
name: Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D.
name: Xu, XinHua
name: Yue, ChunLei
name: Jiang, DaQian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Homeostasis
Wetlands
Soil ecology
Environmental sciences

description: Soil biogeochemical processes and the ecological stability of wetland ecosystems under global warming scenarios have gained increasing attention worldwide. Changes in the capacity of microorganisms to maintain stoichiometric homeostasis, or relatively stable internal concentrations of elements, may serve as an indicator of alterations to soil biogeochemical processes and their associated ecological feedbacks. In this study, an outdoor computerized microcosm was set up to simulate a warmed (+5°C) climate scenario, using novel, minute-scale temperature manipulation technology. The principle of stoichiometric homeostasis was adopted to illustrate phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycling coupled with carbon (C) dynamics within the soil-microorganism complex. We hypothesized that enhancing the flux of P from soil to water under warming scenarios is tightly coupled with a decrease in homeostatic regulation ability in wetland ecosystems. Results indicate that experimental warming impaired the ability of stoichiometric homeostasis (H) to regulate biogeochemical processes, enhancing the ecological role of wetland soil as an ecological source for both P and C. The potential P flux from soil to water ranged from 0.11 to 34.51 mg m−2 d−1 in the control and 0.07 to 61.26 mg m−2 d−1 in the warmed treatment. The synergistic function of C-P acquisition is an important mechanism underlying C∶P stoichiometric balance for soil microorganisms under warming. For both treatment groups, strongly significant (p<0.001) relationships fitting a negative allometric power model with a fractional exponent were found between n-HC∶P (the specialized homeostatic regulation ability as a ratio of soil highly labile organic carbon to dissolved reactive phosphorus in porewater) and potential P flux. Although many factors may affect soil P dynamics, the n-HC∶P term fundamentally reflects the stoichiometric balance or interactions between the energy landscape (i.e., C) and flow of resources (e.g., N and P), and can be a useful ecological tool for assessing potential P flux in ecosystems.
Enhancing FAIR Principles via Metadata: The Dublin Core Journey
Creators: name: Oh, Sam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The FAIR principles—Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability—are essential for maximizing the value of resources in today's data-driven world. Metadata serves as the cornerstone in achieving these principles, providing structure and meaning to data.  This keynote will trace the evolution of metadata, from its origins in ancient civilizations using clay tablets to its critical role in contemporary large-scale AI systems. It will highlight the Dublin Core's contributions to advancing FAIR principles, demonstrating its reliability as a metadata standard.  The talk will also introduce the latest initiative from DCMI: the Dublin Core Tabular Application Profiles (DCTAP). Through practical examples, it will showcase how DCTAP extends beyond data integration and interoperability to align with the goals of the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI), offering a forward-thinking approach to metadata and resource management.
The Minimum Number of Rotations About Two Axes for Constructing an Arbitrary Fixed Rotation
Creators: name: Hamada, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For any pair of three-dimensional real unit vectors $\hat{m}$ and $\hat{n}$ with $|\hat{m}^{\rm T} \hat{n}| < 1$ and any rotation $U$, let $N_{\hat{m},\hat{n}}(U)$ denote the least value of a positive integer $k$ such that $U$ can be decomposed into a product of $k$ rotations about either $\hat{m}$ or $\hat{n}$. This work gives the number $N_{\hat{m},\hat{n}}(U)$ as a function of $U$. Here a rotation means an element $D$ of the special orthogonal group ${\rm SO}(3)$ or an element of the special unitary group ${\rm SU}(2)$ that corresponds to $D$. Decompositions of $U$ attaining the minimum number $N_{\hat{m},\hat{n}}(U)$ are also given explicitly.
description: Ver.1. 20 pages, 1 figure. Ver.2. Among the two theorems, Theorem 1 is now ascribed to Lowenthal, and Theorem 2, a stronger result, is emphasized. Accordingly, the title slightly changed; the bibliography was doubled; Proof of Theorem 1 was shortened and moved to an appendix; numbering in sections, corollaries, etc., changed. Some other parts were also shortened. 17 pages
Paradipus ctenodactylus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Paradipus
Paradipus ctenodactylus

description: Paradipus ctenodactylus (Vinogradov, 1929). Izv. Acad. Sci. U.S. S.R., p. 248. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. S. R., E. Turkmenia, near Repetek. DISTRIBUTION: Sand desert of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (U.S. S.R.). ISIS NUMBER: 5301410016005001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 567, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Escaping the Matrix of Mammon: Eastern Orthodox Men within an Online Battlefield of Debate, Speculation, and Conversion
Creators: name: Gu, Eric
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Ethnography
subject: Religious Anthropology

description: In this thesis, I aim to tease out the motivations and trajectories of the online far-right by concentrating on the “Reactionary Orthodox”, English-speaking converts to Eastern Orthodox Christianity who profess an anti-liberal and anti-secular traditionalism. Instead of moving along pipelines toward insular and identitarian communities, I situate the Reactionary Orthodox within a broader political ecology where people do not necessarily have common agendas and go down similar paths but rather share orientations towards conceptualizing the world and one’s place as a man within it. I look at how affective mappings of alternative futures are discursively formulated in a field of debate and argumentation, and how the spaces and pathways for their spread are created as well. I hope to show how argumentation facilitates the formation and interaction of different groups whose concerns both reinforce and challenge hegemonic forms of masculinity and gendered economic arrangements, and whose affectual resonances are never fully solidified but open to contestation and change. By recentering religion’s affordances towards how we can understand conversion, argumentation, and the dominance of the visual in online spaces differently, I hope to show how the online far-right’s digital practices construct “images of everything” that affectually map out the subject’s place within present arrangements of capitalism and an orientation towards fighting a way out of it.
Isospin breaking corrections in $2π$ production in tau decays and $e^+e^-$ annihilation: consequences for the muon $g-2$ and CVC tests
Creators: name: Castro, Gabriel López
name: Miranda, Alejandro
name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the isospin-breaking corrections relating the $e^+e^-$ hadronic cross-section and the tau decay spectral function, focusing on the di-pion channel, that gives the dominant contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization piece of the muon $g-2$. We test different types of electromagnetic and weak form factors and show that both, the Gounaris-Sakurai and a dispersive-based approach, describe accurately $τ$ lepton and $e^+e^-$ data (less when KLOE measurements are included in the fits) and comply reasonably well with analyticity constraints. From these results we obtain the isospin-breaking contribution to the conserved vector current (CVC) prediction of the ${\rm BR}(τ\to ππν_τ)$ and to the $2π$ hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon $g-2$, in agreement with previous determinations and with similar precision. Our results abound in the convenience of using tau data-based results in the updated data-driven prediction of the muon $g-2$ in the Standard Model.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures, 14 tables. Minor changes. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Covering Pairs in Directed Acyclic Graphs
Creators: name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
name: Beretta, Stefano
name: Bonizzoni, Paola
name: Dondi, Riccardo
name: Pirola, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Minimum Path Cover problem on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is a classical problem that provides a clear and simple mathematical formulation for several applications in different areas and that has an efficient algorithmic solution. In this paper, we study the computational complexity of two constrained variants of Minimum Path Cover motivated by the recent introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies in bioinformatics. The first problem (MinPCRP), given a DAG and a set of pairs of vertices, asks for a minimum cardinality set of paths "covering" all the vertices such that both vertices of each pair belong to the same path. For this problem, we show that, while it is NP-hard to compute if there exists a solution consisting of at most three paths, it is possible to decide in polynomial time whether a solution consisting of at most two paths exists. The second problem (MaxRPSP), given a DAG and a set of pairs of vertices, asks for a path containing the maximum number of the given pairs of vertices. We show its NP-hardness and also its W[1]-hardness when parametrized by the number of covered pairs. On the positive side, we give a fixed-parameter algorithm when the parameter is the maximum overlapping degree, a natural parameter in the bioinformatics applications of the problem.
Mathematical Modeling Predicts Enhanced Growth of X-Ray Irradiated Pigmented Fungi
Creators: name: Shuryak, Igor
name: Bryan, Ruth A.
name: Nosanchuk, Joshua D.
name: Dadachova, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Fungi
Photons
Radiation dosimetry
Diagnostic imaging

description: Ionizing radiation is known for its cytotoxic and mutagenic properties. However, recent evidence suggests that chronic sub-lethal irradiation stimulates the growth of melanin-pigmented (melanized) fungi, supporting the hypothesis that interactions between melanin and ionizing photons generate energy useful for fungal growth, and/or regulate growth-promoting genes. There are no quantitative models of how fungal proliferation is affected by ionizing photon energy, dose rate, and presence versus absence of melanin on the same genetic background. Here we present such a model, which we test using experimental data on melanin-modulated radiation-induced proliferation enhancement in the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, exposed to two different peak energies (150 and 320 kVp) over a wide range of X-ray dose rates. Our analysis demonstrates that radiation-induced proliferation enhancement in C. neoformans behaves as a binary “on/off” phenomenon, which is triggered by dose rates <0.002 mGy/h, and stays in the “on” position. A competing dose rate-dependent growth inhibition becomes apparent at dose rates >5000 mGy/h. Proliferation enhancement of irradiated cells compared with unirradiated controls occurs at both X-ray peak energies, but its magnitude is modulated by X-ray peak energy and cell melanization. At dose rates <5000 mGy/h, both melanized and non-melanized cells exposed to 150 kVp X-rays, and non-melanized cells exposed to 320 kVp X-rays, all exhibit the same proliferation enhancement: on average, chronic irradiation stimulates each founder cell to produce 100 (95% CI: 83, 116) extra descendants over 48 hours. Interactions between melanin and 320 kVp X-rays result in a significant (2-tailed p-value = 4.8×10−5) additional increase in the number of radiation-induced descendants per founder cell: by 55 (95% CI: 29, 81). These results show that both melanin-dependent and melanin-independent mechanisms are involved in radiation-induced fungal growth enhancement, and implicate direct and/or indirect interactions of melanin with high energy ionizing photons as an important pro-proliferative factor.
title: Inspecting for positive outcomes
Creators: name: Livingstone, Bryan
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2010

description: The Care Commission was set up in 2002 to help improve care services in Scotland. It regulates almost 15,000 services that care for more than 320,000 people in all parts of Scotland. These services include childminders, foster care and adoption services, nurseries, day care services, care homes and private hospitals.
Intensified Tuberculosis Case-Finding in HIV-Positive Adults Managed at Ethiopian Health Centers: Diagnostic Yield of Xpert MTB/RIF Compared with Smear Microscopy and Liquid Culture
Creators: name: Balcha, Taye T.
name: Sturegård, Erik
name: Winqvist, Niclas
name: Skogmar, Sten
name: Reepalu, Anton
name: Jemal, Zelalem Habtamu
name: Tibesso, Gudeta
name: Schön, Thomas
name: Björkman, Per
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Lymph nodes
Tuberculosis
Diagnosis, Laboratory
Public health

description: Background

Detection of active tuberculosis (TB) before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is important, but optimal diagnostic methods for use in resource-limited settings are lacking. We assessed the prevalence of TB, evaluated the diagnostic yield of Xpert MTB/RIF in comparison with smear microscopy and culture, and the impact of Xpert results on clinical management in HIV-positive adults eligible for ART at health centers in a region of Ethiopia.

Methods

Participants were prospectively recruited and followed up at 5 health centers. Trained nurses collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history and symptoms, and performed physical examination. Two paired morning sputum samples were obtained, and lymph node aspirates in case of lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic yield of Xpert MTB/RIF in sputum was compared with smear microscopy and liquid culture.

Results

TB was diagnosed in 145/812 participants (17.9%), with bacteriological confirmation in 137 (16.9%). Among bacteriologically confirmed cases, 31 were smear-positive (22.6%), 96 were Xpert-positive (70.1%), and 123 were culture-positive (89.8%). Xpert MTB/RIF increased the TB detection rate by 64 cases (47.4%) compared with smear microscopy. The overall sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF was 66.4%, and was not significantly lower when testing one compared with two samples. While Xpert MTB/RIF was 46.7% sensitive among patients with CD4 cell counts >200 cells/mm3, this increased to 82.9% in those with CD4 cell counts ≤100 cells/mm3. Compared with Xpert-positive TB patients, Xpert-negative cases had less advanced HIV and TB disease characteristics.

Conclusions

Previously undiagnosed TB is common among HIV-positive individuals managed in Ethiopian health centers. Xpert MTB/RIF increased TB case detection, especially in patients with advanced immunosuppression. An algorithm based on the use of a single morning sputum sample for individuals with negative sputum smear microscopy could be considered for intensified case finding in patients eligible for ART. However, technical and cost-effectiveness issues relevant for low-income countries warrant further study.
A Wide Range of 3243A>G/tRNALeu(UUR) (MELAS) Mutation Loads May Segregate in Offspring through the Female Germline Bottleneck
Creators: name: Pallotti, Francesco
name: Binelli, Giorgio
name: Fabbri, Raffaella
name: Valentino, Maria L.
name: Vicenti, Rossella
name: Macciocca, Maria
name: Cevoli, Sabina
name: Baruzzi, Agostino
name: DiMauro, Salvatore
name: Carelli, Valerio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ovum
subject: Muscles--Diseases
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Epithelium
subject: Mitochondrial DNA
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Segregation of mutant mtDNA in human tissues and through the germline is debated, with no consensus about the nature and size of the bottleneck hypothesized to explain rapid generational shifts in mutant loads. We investigated two maternal lineages with an apparently different inheritance pattern of the same pathogenic mtDNA 3243A>G/tRNALeu(UUR) (MELAS) mutation. We collected blood cells, muscle biopsies, urinary epithelium and hair follicles from 20 individuals, as well as oocytes and an ovarian biopsy from one female mutation carrier, all belonging to the two maternal lineages to assess mutant mtDNA load, and calculated the theoretical germline bottleneck size (number of segregating units). We also evaluated “mother-to-offspring” segregations from the literature, for which heteroplasmy assessment was available in at least three siblings besides the proband. Our results showed that mutation load was prevalent in skeletal muscle and urinary epithelium, whereas in blood cells there was an inverse correlation with age, as previously reported. The histoenzymatic staining of the ovarian biopsy failed to show any cytochrome-c-oxidase defective oocyte. Analysis of four oocytes and one offspring from the same unaffected mother of the first family showed intermediate heteroplasmic mutant loads (10% to 75%), whereas very skewed loads of mutant mtDNA (0% or 81%) were detected in five offspring of another unaffected mother from the second family. Bottleneck size was 89 segregating units for the first mother and 84 for the second. This was remarkably close to 88, the number of “segregating units” in the “mother-to-offspring” segregations retrieved from literature. In conclusion, a wide range of mutant loads may be found in offspring tissues and oocytes, resulting from a similar theoretical bottleneck size.
STORMSeq: An Open-Source, User-Friendly Pipeline for Processing Personal Genomics Data in the Cloud
Creators: name: Karczewski, Konrad J.
name: Fernald, Guy Haskin
name: Martin, Alicia R.
name: Snyder, Michael
name: Tatonetti, Nicholas P.
name: Dudley, Joel T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Open source software
subject: Genomics--Statistical methods
subject: Cloud computing
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The increasing public availability of personal complete genome sequencing data has ushered in an era of democratized genomics. However, read mapping and variant calling software is constantly improving and individuals with personal genomic data may prefer to customize and update their variant calls. Here, we describe STORMSeq (Scalable Tools for Open-Source Read Mapping), a graphical interface cloud computing solution that does not require a parallel computing environment or extensive technical experience. This customizable and modular system performs read mapping, read cleaning, and variant calling and annotation. At present, STORMSeq costs approximately $2 and 5–10 hours to process a full exome sequence and $30 and 3–8 days to process a whole genome sequence. We provide this open-access and open-source resource as a user-friendly interface in Amazon EC2.
Pygeretmus Gloger 1841
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Pygeretmus

description: Pygeretmus Gloger, 1841. Gem. Hand. Hilfs. Nat., 1:106. COMMENT: Reviewed by Vorontsov, et al., 1969, pp. 74-84, in Vorontsov, ed., [The Mammals: Evolution, karyology, taxonomy, fauna], Novosibirsk. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410016006000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 567, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
title: Conrad Lezkau, Bürgermeister zu Danzig; 1791
title: Ein vaterländisches Trauerspiel in fünf Aufzügen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Baczko, Ludwig von
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2015

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Königsberg, 1791. Im Verlage der Hartungschen Buchhandlung.
Intermolecular interactions and substrate effects for an adamantane monolayer on the Au(111) surface
Creators: name: Sakai, Yuki
name: Nguyen, Giang D.
name: Capaz, Rodrigo B.
name: Coh, Sinisa
name: Pechenezhskiy, Ivan V.
name: Hong, Xiaoping
name: Wang, Feng
name: Crommie, Michael F.
name: Saito, Susumu
name: Louie, Steven G.
name: Cohen, Marvin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically and experimentally the infrared (IR) spectrum of an adamantane monolayer on a Au(111) surface. Using a new STM-based IR spectroscopy technique (IRSTM) we are able to measure both the nanoscale structure of an adamantane monolayer on Au(111) as well as its infrared spectrum, while DFT-based ab initio calculations allow us to interpret the microscopic vibrational dynamics revealed by our measurements. We find that the IR spectrum of an adamantane monolayer on Au(111) is substantially modified with respect to the gas-phase IR spectrum. The first modification is caused by the adamantane--adamantane interaction due to monolayer packing and it reduces the IR intensity of the 2912 cm$^{-1}$ peak (gas phase) by a factor of 3.5. The second modification originates from the adamantane--gold interaction and it increases the IR intensity of the 2938 cm$^{-1}$ peak (gas phase) by a factor of 2.6, and reduces its frequency by 276 cm$^{-1}$. We expect that the techniques described here can be used for an independent estimate of substrate effects and intermolecular interactions in other diamondoid molecules, and for other metallic substrates.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Quantum Kerr tunneling vacua on a $(D{\bar D})_4$-brane: An emergent Kerr black hole in five dimensions
Creators: name: Singh, Sunita
name: Pandey, K. Priyabrat
name: Singh, Abhishek K.
name: Kar, Supriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit a non-perturbative space-time curvature theory, underlying a two form U(1) gauge dynamics, on a D4-brane. In particular, two different gauge choices for a two form are explored underlying the dynamics of a geometric torsion in a second order formalism. We obtain two non-extremal quantum Kerr geometries in five dimensions on a pair of $(D{\bar D})_4$-brane in a type IIA superstring theory. The quantum vacua are described by a vanishing torsion in a gauge choice, underlying a geometric realization, on a non-BPS brane. It is argued that the quantum Kerr vacua undergo tunneling and lead to a five dimensional Kerr black hole in Einstein vacuum. A low energy limit in the quantum Kerr vacua further re-assures an emergent Kerr black hole.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Is Associated with Atherosclerotic Stroke Risk: The Northern Manhattan Study
Creators: name: Katan, Mira
name: Moon, Yeseon P.
name: Paik, Myunghee C.
name: Wolfert, Robert L.
name: Sacco, Ralph L.
name: Elkind, Mitchell S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Phospholipases
Atherosclerosis--Risk factors
Cerebrovascular disease
Biochemistry

description: Background

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) levels are associated with stroke, though whether this extends to all populations and stroke subtypes is unknown.

Methods

Serum samples from stroke-free community participants in the Northern Manhattan Study were assayed for LpPLA2 mass and activity. Participants were followed annually for stroke. Cox-proportional-hazard models were fitted to estimate hazard-ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR, 95% CI) for the association of LpPLA2 levels with ischemic stroke (IS), after adjusting for demographic and medical risk factors.

Results

Serum samples were available in 1946 participants, of whom 151 (7.8%) experienced a first IS during median follow-up 11 years. Mean age was 69 (SD 10), 35.6% were men, 20% non-Hispanic Whites, 22% non-Hispanic Blacks, and 55% Hispanics. LpPLA2 mass and activity levels were not associated with overall IS risk.

LpPLA2 mass but not activity levels were associated with strokes due to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA; adjusted HR per SD 1.55, 95% CI 1.17–2.04). There was a dose-response relationship with LAA (compared to first quartile, 2nd quartile HR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.23–8.64; 3rd quartile HR = 4.47, 95% CI 0.93–21.54; 4th quartile HR = 5.07, 95% CI 1.07–24.06). The associations between LpPLA2-mass and LAA-stroke risk differed by race-ethnicity (p = 0.01); LpPLA2-mass was associated with increased risk of LAA among non-Hispanic Whites (adjusted HR per SD 1.44, 95% CI 0.98–2.11), but not other race-ethnic groups.

Conclusion

LpPLA2-mass levels were associated with risk of atherosclerotic stroke among non-Hispanic White participants, but not in other race-ethnic groups in the cohort. Further study is needed to confirm these race-ethnic differences and the reasons for them.
A Deep Chandra Observation of Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant B0049-73.6 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Schenck, Andrew
name: Park, Sangwook
name: Burrows, David N.
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Lee, Jae-Joon
name: Mori, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the initial results from our deep Chandra observation (450 ks) of O-rich supernova remnant (SNR) B0049-73.6 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We detect small metal-rich ejecta features extending out to the outermost boundary of B0049-73.6, which were not seen in the previous data with a shorter exposure. The central nebula is dominated by emission from reverse-shocked ejecta material enriched in O, Ne, Mg, and Si. O-rich ejecta distribution is relatively smooth throughout the central nebula. In contrast the Si-rich material is highly structured. These results suggest that B0049-73.6 was produced by an asymmetric core-collapse explosion of a massive star. The estimated abundance ratios among these ejecta elements are in plausible agreement with the nucleosynthesis products from the explosion of a 13-15$M_{\odot}$ progenitor. The central ring-like (in projection) ejecta nebula extends to $\sim$9 pc from the SNR center. This suggests that the contact discontinuity may be located at a further distance from the SNR center than the previous estimate. We estimate the Sedov age of $\sim$17000 yr and an explosion energy of $E_0$ $\sim1.7 \times~10^{51}$ erg for B0049-73.6. We place a stringent upper limit on the 2-7 keV band luminosity of $L_{X}\sim$ 8.5 $\times 10^{31}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for the embedded compact stellar remnant at the center of B0049-73.6.
description: 10 pages (ApJ emulator style), 2 tables, 4 figures, Accepted by ApJ
MambaXCTrack: Mamba-based Tracker with SSM Cross-correlation and Motion Prompt for Ultrasound Needle Tracking
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuelin
name: Lei, Long
name: Yan, Wanquan
name: Zhang, Tianyi
name: Tang, Raymond Shing-Yan
name: Cheng, Shing Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultrasound (US)-guided needle insertion is widely employed in percutaneous interventions. However, providing feedback on the needle tip position via US imaging presents challenges due to noise, artifacts, and the thin imaging plane of US, which degrades needle features and leads to intermittent tip visibility. In this paper, a Mamba-based US needle tracker MambaXCTrack utilizing structured state space models cross-correlation (SSMX-Corr) and implicit motion prompt is proposed, which is the first application of Mamba in US needle tracking. The SSMX-Corr enhances cross-correlation by long-range modeling and global searching of distant semantic features between template and search maps, benefiting the tracking under noise and artifacts by implicitly learning potential distant semantic cues. By combining with cross-map interleaved scan (CIS), local pixel-wise interaction with positional inductive bias can also be introduced to SSMX-Corr. The implicit low-level motion descriptor is proposed as a non-visual prompt to enhance tracking robustness, addressing the intermittent tip visibility problem. Extensive experiments on a dataset with motorized needle insertion in both phantom and tissue samples demonstrate that the proposed tracker outperforms other state-of-the-art trackers while ablation studies further highlight the effectiveness of each proposed tracking module.
description: Accepted by RAL
Characterization and Molecular Profiling of PSEN1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitors
Creators: name: Sproul, Andrew A.
name: Jacob, Samson
name: Pre, Deborah
name: Kim, Soong Ho
name: Nestor, Michael W.
name: Navarro-Sobrino, Miriam
name: Perez, Ismael Santa-Maria
name: Zimmer, Matthew
name: Aubry, Soline
name: Steele, John W.
name: Kahler, David J.
name: Dranovsky, Alex
name: Arancio, Ottavio
name: Crary, John F.
name: Gandy, Sam
name: Noggle, Scott A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Gene expression
subject: Neurons
subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) encodes the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, and PSEN1 mutations are the most common cause of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). In order to elucidate pathways downstream of PSEN1, we characterized neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from FAD mutant PSEN1 subjects. Thus, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from affected and unaffected individuals from two families carrying PSEN1 mutations. PSEN1 mutant fibroblasts, and NPCs produced greater ratios of Aβ42 to Aβ40 relative to their control counterparts, with the elevated ratio even more apparent in PSEN1 NPCs than in fibroblasts. Molecular profiling identified 14 genes differentially-regulated in PSEN1 NPCs relative to control NPCs. Five of these targets showed differential expression in late onset AD/Intermediate AD pathology brains. Therefore, in our PSEN1 iPSC model, we have reconstituted an essential feature in the molecular pathogenesis of FAD, increased generation of Aβ42/40, and have characterized novel expression changes.
Constraining Globular Cluster Formation Through Studies of Young Massive Clusters: I. A lack of ongoing star formation within young clusters
Creators: name: Bastian, N.
name: Cabrera-Ziri, I.
name: Davies, B.
name: Larsen, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a survey of 130 Galactic and extragalactic young massive clusters (YMCs, $10^4 < M/\msun < 10^8$, $10 < t/{\rm Myr} < 1000$) with integrated spectroscopy or resolved stellar photometry (40 presented here and 90 from the literature) and use the sample to search for evidence of ongoing star-formation within the clusters. Such episodes of secondary (or continuous) star-formation are predicted by models that attempt to explain the observed chemical and photometric anomalies observed in globular clusters as being due to the formation of a second stellar population within an existing first population. Additionally, studies that have claimed extended star-formation histories within LMC/SMC intermediate age clusters (1-2 Gyr), also imply that many young massive clusters should show ongoing star-formation. Based on visual inspection of the spectra and/or the colour-magnitude diagrams, we do not find evidence for ongoing star-formation within any of the clusters, and use this to place constraints on the above models. Models of continuous star-formation within clusters, lasting for hundreds of Myr, are ruled out at high significance (unless stellar IMF variations are invoked). Models for the (nearly instantaneous) formation of a secondary population within an existing first generation are not favoured, but are not formally discounted due to the finite sampling of age/mass-space.
description: 14 pages, 8 Figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Behavioral and Emotional Dynamics of Two People Struggling to Reach Consensus about a Topic on Which They Disagree
Creators: name: Kurt, Levent
name: Kugler, Katharina G.
name: Coleman, Peter T.
name: Liebovitch, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Interpersonal relations
subject: Motivation (Psychology)
subject: Emotions
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: We studied the behavioral and emotional dynamics displayed by two people trying to resolve a conflict. 59 groups of two people were asked to talk for 20 minutes to try to reach a consensus about a topic on which they disagreed. The topics were abortion, affirmative action, death penalty, and euthanasia. Behavior data were determined from audio recordings where each second of the conversation was assessed as proself, neutral, or prosocial. We determined the probability density function of the durations of time spent in each behavioral state. These durations were well fit by a stretched exponential distribution,  with an exponent, , of approximately 0.3. This indicates that the switching between behavioral states is not a random Markov process, but one where the probability to switch behavioral states decreases with the time already spent in that behavioral state. The degree of this “memory” was stronger in those groups who did not reach a consensus and where the conflict grew more destructive than in those that did. Emotion data were measured by having each person listen to the audio recording and moving a computer mouse to recall their negative or positive emotional valence at each moment in the conversation. We used the Hurst rescaled range analysis and power spectrum to determine the correlations in the fluctuations of the emotional valence. The emotional valence was well described by a random walk whose increments were uncorrelated. Thus, the behavior data demonstrated a “memory” of the duration already spent in a behavioral state while the emotion data fluctuated as a random walk whose steps did not have a “memory” of previous steps. This work demonstrates that statistical analysis, more commonly used to analyze physical phenomena, can also shed interesting light on the dynamics of processes in social psychology and conflict management.
Pygeretmus platyurus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Pygeretmus
Pygeretmus platyurus

description: Pygeretmus platyurus (Lichtenstein, 1823). Naturh. Abh. Eversmann's Reise, p. 121. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. S. R., Kazakhstan, E. shore of Aral Sea, Kuwan-Darya River. DISTRIBUTION: W. and C. Kazakhstan (U.S. S.R.). COMMENT: Reviewed by Silvestrov et al., 1969, Byull. Mosk. Ova. Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Biol., 74(3):118 — 133. See also comment under vinogradovi. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410016006001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 568, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Modeling Within-Host Effects of Drugs on Plasmodium falciparum Transmission and Prospects for Malaria Elimination
Creators: name: Johnston, Geoffrey L.
name: Gething, Peter W.
name: Hay, Simon I.
name: Smith, David L.
name: Fidock, David Armand
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Malaria
subject: Parasitic diseases
subject: Germ cells
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Achieving a theoretical foundation for malaria elimination will require a detailed understanding of the quantitative relationships between patient treatment-seeking behavior, treatment coverage, and the effects of curative therapies that also block Plasmodium parasite transmission to mosquito vectors. Here, we report a mechanistic, within-host mathematical model that uses pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data to simulate the effects of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) on Plasmodium falciparum transmission. To contextualize this model, we created a set of global maps of the fold reductions that would be necessary to reduce the malaria RC (i.e. its basic reproductive number under control) to below 1 and thus interrupt transmission. This modeling was applied to low-transmission settings, defined as having a R0<10 based on 2010 data. Our modeling predicts that treating 93–98% of symptomatic infections with an ACT within five days of fever onset would interrupt malaria transmission for ∼91% of the at-risk population of Southeast Asia and ∼74% of the global at-risk population, and lead these populations towards malaria elimination. This level of treatment coverage corresponds to an estimated 81–85% of all infected individuals in these settings. At this coverage level with ACTs, the addition of the gametocytocidal agent primaquine affords no major gains in transmission reduction. Indeed, we estimate that it would require switching ∼180 people from ACTs to ACTs plus primaquine to achieve the same transmission reduction as switching a single individual from untreated to treated with ACTs. Our model thus predicts that the addition of gametocytocidal drugs to treatment regimens provides very small population-wide benefits and that the focus of control efforts in Southeast Asia should be on increasing prompt ACT coverage. Prospects for elimination in much of Sub-Saharan Africa appear far less favorable currently, due to high rates of infection and less frequent and less rapid treatment.
E. Baldwin Smith, Architetural Symbolism of Imperial Rome and the Middle Ages
Creators: name: Bogyay, Thomas Von
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: E. Baldwin Smith, Architectural Symbolism of Imperial Rome and the Middle Ages. Princeton Monographs in Art and Archaeology XXX. Princeton 1956, Princeton University Press. IX u. 219 S., 175 Abb. auf Tafeln.
description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Vol. 10 No. 6 (1957): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Microstructure and Conductance-Slope of InAs/GaSb Tunnel Diodes
Creators: name: Iutzi, Ryan M.
name: Fitzgerald, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: InAs/GaSb and similar materials systems have generated great interest as a heterojunction for tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) due to favorable band alignment. However, little is currently understood about how such TFETs are affected by materials defects and nonidealities. We present measurements of the conductance slope for various InAs/GaSb heterojunctions via two-terminal electrical measurements, which removes three-terminal parasitics and enables direct study on the effect of microstructure on tunnelling. Using this, we can predict how subthreshold swings in TFETs can depend on microstructure. We also demonstrate growth and electrical characterization for structures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) - a generally more scalable process compared to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We determine that misfit dislocations and point defects near the interface can lead to energy states in the band-gap and local band bending that result in trap-assisted leakage routes and nonuniform band alignment across the junction area that lower the steepness of the conductance slope. Despite the small lattice mismatch, misfit dislocations still form in InAs on GaSb due to relaxation as a result of large strain from intermixed compositions. This can be circumvented by growing GaSb on InAs, straining the GaSb underlayer, or lowering the InAs growth temperature in the region of the interface. The conductance slope can also be improved by annealing the samples at higher temperatures, which we believe acts to annihilate point defects and average out major fluctuations in band alignment across the interface. Using a combination of these techniques, we can greatly improve the steepness of the conductance slope which could result in steeper subthreshold swings in TFETs in the future.
Pygeretmus shitkovi
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Pygeretmus
Pygeretmus shitkovi

description: Pygeretmus shitkovi (Kusnetzov, 1930). C. R. Acad. Sci. U.S. S.R., p. 623. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. S. R., S. E. Kazakhstan, Taldy-Kurgansk. Obi., N.W. of Ala-Kul Lake, Rybalnoie. DISTRIBUTION: E. Kazakhstan in region of Lake Balkhash (U.S. S.R.). COMMENT: The later spelling zhitkovi is often used by Russian authors (BRS). ISIS NUMBER: 5301410016006002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 568, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Identification of Novel Thymic Epithelial Cell Subsets Whose Differentiation Is Regulated by RANKL and Traf6
Creators: name: Danzl, Nichole M.
name: Jeong, Seihwan
name: Choi, Yongwon
name: Alexandropoulos, Konstantina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Thymus
subject: T cells
subject: Thymus--Physiology
subject: Cell differentiation
subject: Epithelial cells
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the normal development and function of the thymus. Here, we examined the developmental stages of TECs using quantitative assessment of the cortical and medullary markers Keratin 5 and Keratin 8 (K5 and K8) respectively, in normal and gain/loss of function mutant animals. Gain of function mice overexpressed RANKL in T cells, whereas loss of function animals lacked expression of Traf6 in TECs (Traf6ΔTEC). Assessment of K5 and K8 expression in conjunction with other TEC markers in wild type mice identified novel cortical and medullary TEC populations, expressing different combinations of these markers. RANKL overexpression led to expansion of all medullary TECs (mTECs) and enlargement of the thymic medulla. This in turn associated with a block in thymocyte development and loss of CD4⁺CD8⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ thymocytes. In contrast, Traf6 deletion inhibited the production of most TEC populations including cortical TECs (cTECs), defined by absence of UEA-1 binding and LY51 expression, but had no apparent effect on thymocyte development. These results reveal a large degree of heterogeneity within the TEC compartment and the existence of several populations exhibiting concomitant expression of cortical, medullary and epithelial markers and whose production is regulated by RANKL and Traf6.
BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES: THE ROLE OF URBAN PLANNING IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Creators: name: Maria Isabel, Rodriguez-Smith
Publisher: name: keith journal
Year: 2025
Subjects: Healthcare access, Interdisciplinary collaboration, Healthy Cities model, Community health initiatives, Sustainable development

description: This article delves into the issue of inequity in global healthcare access and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in healthcare delivery models. It highlights the Healthy Cities model, focusing on the "Healthy Communities" approach by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Successful initiatives in public health should prioritize the community as the central unit of analysis. However, many existing studies fail to consider the unique community factors that affect the success of public health endeavors. This article addresses this crucial but often overlooked issue by examining the sustainable development of community health initiatives based on the Healthy Cities model. It specifically investigates the factors that contribute to the successful and sustainable development of such initiatives in various urban environments. The case study of Miami-Dade County serves as an illustrative example. By analyzing secondary sources, observational data, and conducting semi-structured interviews with programmatic leaders and stakeholders, this study reveals a paradigm that can be applied to different settings, aiding in the formulation of successful and sustainable community health initiatives.
Tensile & shear strength of porous dust agglomerates
Creators: name: Seizinger, Alexander
name: Speith, Roland
name: Kley, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context.Within the sequential accretion scenario of planet formation, planets are build up through a sequence sticking collisions. The outcome of collisions between porous dust aggregates is very important for the growth from very small dust particles to planetesimals. In this work we determine the necessary material properties of dust aggregates as a function the porosity. Aims: Continuum models such as SPH that are capable of simulating collisions of macroscopic dust aggregates require a set of material parameters. Some of them such as the tensile and shear strength are difficult to obtain from laboratory experiments. The aim of this work is to determine these parameters from ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. Methods: We simulate the behavior of porous dust aggregates using a detailed micro-physical model of the interaction of spherical grains that includes adhesion forces, rolling, twisting, and sliding. Using different methods of preparing the samples we study the strength behavior of our samples with varying porosity and coordination number of the material. Results: For the tensile strength, we can reproduce data from laboratory experiments very well. For the shear strength, there are no experimental data available. The results from our simulations differ significantly from previous theoretical models, which indicates that the latter might not be sufficient to describe porous dust aggregates. Conclusions: We have provided functional behavior of tensile and shear strength of porous dust aggregates as a function of the porosity that can be directly applied in continuum simulations of these objects in planet formation scenarios.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A