cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analytical expressions for the longitudinal evolution of nondiffracting pulses truncated by finite apertures
Creators: name: Zamboni-Rached, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, starting from some general and plausible assumptions based on geometrical optics and on a common feature of the truncated Bessel beams, a heuristic derivation is presented of very simple analytical expressions, capable of describing the longitudinal (on-axis) evolution of axially-symmetric nondiffracting pulses when truncated by finite apertures. We apply our analytical formulation to several situations involving subluminal, luminal or superluminal localized pulses and compare the results with those obtained by numerical simulations of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integrals. The results are in excellent agreement. The present approach can be very useful, because it can yield, in general, closed analytical expressions, avoiding the need of time-consuming numerical simulations, and also because such expressions provide a powerful tool for exploring several important properties of the truncated localized pulses, as their depth of fields, the longitudinal pulse behavior, the decaying rates, and so on.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Imputing Dairy Producers' Quota Discount Rate Using the Individual Export Milk Program in Quebec
Creators: name: Doyon, Maurice
name: Brodeur, Catherine
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Doyon, Maurice
name: Brodeur, Catherine
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Productivity Analysis

description: Trade liberalization scenarios are often evaluated using sophisticated programming models that rely on a number of assumptions related to demand and supply parameters. One challenge researchers often encounter in the calibration of dairy trade liberalization models is to identify the supply response of producers under production quotas. The existence of production quotas in the Canadian dairy industry implies departures from standard marginal cost pricing. Under traditional net present value models, an assumption about the discount factors attached to production quotas must be made to infer the supply response of Canadian dairy producers following a change in the economic environment (e.g., import tariffs). The Individual Export Milk (IEM) program in Quebec generated an opportunity to estimate dairy producers’ discount factors for production quotas conditional on different assumptions about structural parameters such as producers’ risk preferences and cost efficiency.
Spectroscopy and pentaquarks at HERA
Creators: name: Gladilin, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results of the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations on spectroscopy of light and charmed mesons and on pentaquark searches, obtained using the HERA I data, are summarised.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in proceedings of 6th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, Villasimius (Sardinia), Italy, September 2004
Une Revue des Enjeux Économiques Liès au Commerce International des Bioproduits
Creators: name: Gosselin, Marie-Eve
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Gosselin, Marie-Eve
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Il existe un intérêt croissant de la part des divers niveaux de gouvernements envers le développement des bioproduits et des intervenants de l’agroalimentaire croient que le développement de cette industrie pourrait accroître l’activité économique dans les régions rurales. Bien que les présentes négociations à l’OMC soient encore loin d’êtres conclues, une libéralisation substantielle des échanges entraînera certainement un lot de pressions additionnelles sur les gouvernements pour compenser adéquatement certains secteurs hautement protégés actuellement. Dans cette perspective, encourager le développement des bioproduits est une alternative intéressante pour les instances publiques puisque cela peut conduire à de nouveaux débouchés pour les produits agricoles tout en favorisant la réalisation des objectifs environnementaux tels que définis à l’intérieur du Protocole de Kyoto. La montée des prix du pétrole et la dépendance des économies industrialisées envers l’offre de pétrole sont aussi des facteurs déterminants dans le développement des bioproduits. Quelles sont les contraintes au développement des bioproduits imposées par les présents accords commerciaux multilatéraux? Quelles sont les opportunités commerciales pour l’industrie canadienne des bioproduits dans un contexte de libéralisation des marchés? Les réponses à ces questions sont liées aux règles commerciales des accords commerciaux multilatéraux analysées dans cet article.
A New Look at an Old Mass Relation
Creators: name: Gerard, J. -M.
name: Goffinet, F.
name: Herquet, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New data from neutrino oscillation experiments motivate us to extend a successful mass relation for the charged leptons to the other fundamental fermions. This new universal relation requires a Dirac mass around 3 10^-2 eV for the lightest neutrino and rules out a maximal atmospheric mixing. It also suggests a specific decomposition of the CKM mixing matrix.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Economic Impacts of Proposed Limits on Trans Fats in Canada
Creators: name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Malla, Stavroula
name: Perlich, Ken
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Malla, Stavroula
name: Perlich, Ken
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: In response to growing concerns about coronary heart disease (CHD), the Government of Canada has recently taken policy measures to reduce Canadian trans fatty acid (TFA) consumption. The mandatory labelling of trans fat content in foods began in December 2005. The House of Commons also established a task force in November 2004 to develop a set of regulations to ban the sale of food products with a TFA content greater than 2 percent. The issue at stake is whether the mandatory content restriction has economic merit. While the mandatory TFA reductions could reduce heart disease and improve the health of Canadians, they also have the potential to increase economic costs faced by all aspects of the Canadian food oil complex, from primary producers to consumers. The goal of this article is to examine the impacts of a mandatory reduction of trans fat content by estimating the potential health benefits and potential adverse impacts on the agri-food sector.
Extended Variational Cluster Approximation
Creators: name: Tong, Ning-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variational cluster approximation (VCA) proposed by M. Potthoff {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 91}, 206402 (2003)] is extended to electron or spin systems with nonlocal interactions. By introducing more than one source field in the action and employing the Legendre transformation, we derive a generalized self-energy functional with stationary properties. Applying this functional to a proper reference system, we construct the extended VCA (EVCA). In the limit of continuous degrees of freedom for the reference system, EVCA can recover the cluster extension of the extended dynamical mean-field theory (EDMFT). For a system with correlated hopping, the EVCA recovers the cluster extension of the dynamical mean-field theory for correlated hopping. Using a discrete reference system composed of decoupled three-site single impurities, we test the theory for the extended Hubbard model. Quantitatively good results as compared with EDMFT are obtained. We also propose VCA (EVCA) based on clusters with periodic boundary conditions. It has the (extended) dynamical cluster approximation as the continuous limit. A number of related issues are discussed.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, statements about DCA corrected; published version
Non-Universal Finite Size Effects with Universal Infinite-Size Free Energy for the $α$-XY model
Creators: name: Goto, Shin-itiro
name: Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study finite size effects in a family of systems in which a parameter controls interaction-range. In the long-range regime where the infinite-size free energy is universal, we show that the finite size effects are not universal but depend on the interaction-range. The finite size effects are observed through discrepancies between time-averages of macroscopic variables in Hamiltonian dynamics and canonical averages of ones with infinite degrees of freedom. For a high energy regime, the relation to a pair of the discrepancies is theoretically predicted and numerically confirmed. We also numerically show that the finite-size effects of macroscopic variables in the canonical ensemble are close to ones in the dynamical systems.
description: Proceedings of the workshop Comlexty and Nonextensivity - New Trends in Statistical Mechancs - (CN-Kyoto)
A Survey of Proper Motion Stars. XVII. A Deficiency of Binary Stars on Retrograde Galactic Orbits and the Possibility that omega Centauri is Related to the Effect
Creators: name: Carney, Bruce W.
name: Aguilar, Luis A.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Laird, John B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a deficiency of binary stars moving on strongly retrograde Galactic orbits. No binary deficiencies are seen for U or W velocities, however. From theoretical analyses, we rule out preferential disruption of pre-existing binary stars due to encounters with massive perturbers. We also rule out globular clusters as the source of the effect since prograde motions are more likely to create such an effect. We search for star streams and find one possible candidate, but it is not on a retrograde orbit and probably represents the remains of a cluster that has passed too near the Galactic center. Based on a very small number of stars, we find that about the right fraction of stars on retrograde Galactic orbits share some chemical similarities to the cluster omega Cen, suggesting that its parent galaxy could be the explanation.
description: To appear in the Astronomical Journal (March 2005 issue)
Percent survival of wild-type and Hif-1α-/- larval zebrafish in normoxia and intermittent hypoxia with and without access to the surface. from Aquatic surface respiration improves survival during hypoxia in zebrafish (Danio rerio) lacking hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α
Creators: name: Mandic, Milica
name: Flear, Kaitlyn
name: Qiu, Pearl
name: Pan, Yihang K.
name: Perry, Steve F.
name: Gilmour, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Figure S2. Percent survival of wild-type and Hif-1α-/- larval zebrafish in normoxia and intermittent hypoxia with and without access to the surface. Larval zebrafish were exposed to normoxia (A, C, F), or intermittent hypoxia (16 mmHg for 4 h per day) without access to the surface (D, G), or with access to the surface (B,E, H). Individuals of each genotype were tested from 1 to 5 days post fertilization (dpf) (A,B), 5 to 9 dpf (C-E), and 12 to 16 dpf (F-H). Data points to the left of the dashed line represent survival at the onset of experiment and the first data point to the right of the dashed line represents survival following first hypoxic bout or equivalent time for fish that remained in normoxia. Larval zebrafish from 1 to 5 dpf were not tested in intermittent hypoxia without access to the surface. Statistical analysis are presented in Figure 3. Data are presented as means±s.e.m.
Additional file 1 of Double rarity: malignant masquerade biliary stricture in a situs inversus totalis patient
Creators: name: Eitler, K.
name: Mathe, Z.
name: Papp, V.
name: Zalatnai, A.
name: Bibok, A.
name: Deak, P. A.
name: Kobori, L.
name: Telkes, G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Timeline of diagnostic and therapeutic steps.
title: The Taylor Rule and Financial Stability: A Literature Review with Application for the Eurozone
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Käfer, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: asset prices
sovereign debt crisis
financial stability
Eurozone heterogeneity
Taylor rule
Economics
Wirtschaft
exchange rates
credit spreads

description: The question of whether central banks should bear responsibility for financial stability is still unan-swered. Regarding interest rate implementation, it is thus not clear if and how the Taylor rule should be augmented by an additional financial stability term. This paper reviews the normative and positive literature on Taylor rules augmented with exchange rates, asset prices, credit, and spreads. These measures have developed as common indicators of financial (in)stability in the Taylor rule literature. In addition, our own analysis describes the development of these indicators for the core and the periphery of the Eurozone. Given the large degree of heterogeneity between euro area countries, the conclusion here is that an interest rate reaction to instability by the European Central Bank would be inappropriate in times of crisis. However, this conclusion is somewhat weakened if there is no crisis.
CPPN2GAN: Combining Compositional Pattern Producing Networks and GANs for Large-scale Pattern Generation
Creators: name: Schrum, Jacob
name: Volz, Vanessa
name: Risi, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are proving to be a powerful indirect genotype-to-phenotype mapping for evolutionary search, but they have limitations. In particular, GAN output does not scale to arbitrary dimensions, and there is no obvious way of combining multiple GAN outputs into a cohesive whole, which would be useful in many areas, such as the generation of video game levels. Game levels often consist of several segments, sometimes repeated directly or with variation, organized into an engaging pattern. Such patterns can be produced with Compositional Pattern Producing Networks (CPPNs). Specifically, a CPPN can define latent vector GAN inputs as a function of geometry, which provides a way to organize level segments output by a GAN into a complete level. This new CPPN2GAN approach is validated in both Super Mario Bros. and The Legend of Zelda. Specifically, divergent search via MAP-Elites demonstrates that CPPN2GAN can better cover the space of possible levels. The layouts of the resulting levels are also more cohesive and aesthetically consistent.
description: GECCO 2020. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.00151
Additional file 1 of “They’re not doing enough.”: women’s experiences with opioids and naloxone in Toronto
Creators: name: Macleod, Emilie R.
name: Tajbakhsh, Iren
name: Hamilton-Wright, Sarah
name: Laliberte, Nancy
name: Wiese, Jessica L.
name: Matheson, Flora I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Qualitative interview guide.
title: Führt Google-Shopping zu einer neuen Art von Wettbewerbsproblem?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: von Blanckenburg, Korbinian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: In diesem Aufsatz wird überprüft, ob Google mit seinem Dienst Google-Shopping, aus Sicht von Verkäufern und Käufern von Waren und Dienstleistungen, in Deutschland als Gatekeeper zum Internet und damit als wesentliche Einrichtung zu sehen ist. Dazu wird untersucht, wie groß die Marktmacht von Google-Shopping tatsächlich ist, und ob sich daraus gesamtwirtschaftliche Wohlfahrtsverzerrungen ableiten lassen. Es wird gezeigt, dass Google- Shopping, durch seine für Verkäufer kostenpflichtige Produktsuche, ein typisches Klubkollektivgut darstellt, für dessen Bereitstellung und Finanzierung bestimmte wohlfahrtsoptimale Regeln eingehalten werden müssen. In diesem Rahmen wird darauf hingewiesen, dass in der aktuellen Google-Shopping-Trefferliste künstliche Rivalität unter den Verkäufern geschaffen wurde, um die Zahlungsbereitschaft für ein Top-Listing maximal abzuschöpfen. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgeschlagene Lösung sieht eine Gesamttrefferliste aller Verkäufer eines bestimmten Produkts vor, für die ein mengenunabhängiger Beitrag anstelle einer Gebühr verlangt werden sollte.
International Standards for Regulating Trade When BSE Is Present: Why Are They Being Ignored?
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Loppacher, Laura J.
name: Hobbs, Jill E.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Loppacher, Laura J.
name: Hobbs, Jill E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Relations/Trade

description: The discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Canada and the United States in 2003 prompted an immediate and decisive reaction from importers, with the closure of most markets to beef and cattle exports from Canada and the United States. Two years later, many of these bans have not been lifted or have been only partially lifted. These bans were put in place by national authorities attempting to protect the health of their citizens and may have been justified in the immediate period following the discoveries, but their long-term continuance is not supported by science. Trade regulations can be a powerful weapon in the fight against the spread of diseases and to protect health, but they can also unnecessarily restrict trade. Internationally agreed standards have been created in order to protect public health in the least trade restrictive manner. When dealing with BSE, however, the norm has been for countries’ regulations to be far more restrictive than those they have previously agreed upon internationally.
A self-consistent model of a 22 GHz water maser in a dusty environment near late-type stars
Creators: name: Babkovskaia, Natalia
name: Poutanen, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conditions for operation of the 22 GHz ortho-water maser in a dusty medium near late-type stars. The main physical processes, such as exchange of energy between dust and gas in the radiation field of a star, radiative cooling by water molecules and pumping of water masers are described self-consistently. We show that the presence of dust grains of various types (or of one type with size distribution) strongly affects the maser action. The pumping mechanism based on the presence of the dust of different optical properties is able to explain water masers in the silicate carbon star V778 Cyg. However, the masers in the winds from asymptotic giant branch stars require an additional source of heating, for instance due to the dust drift through the gas.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, A&A, in press
title: The impact of market innovations on the evolution of norms: the sustainability case
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Müller, Stephan
name: von Wangenheim, Georg
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: Consumer Behavior – Social Norms – Evolutionary Economics – Sustainability – Innovation
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: That institutions matter is widely accepted among economists and so are social norms as an important category of informal institutions. Social norms matter in many economic situations, but in particular for markets. The economic literature has studied the interrelation between markets and social norms in both directions – how social norms affect markets and how markets affect social norms. Starting from these two perspectives, we add to the literature, by suggesting a new link between product markets and the evolution of social norms: we analyze how the evolution of a social norm may be affected by a product innovation which adds to the variation of products with respect to their level of norm compliance. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a) a positive impact of the innovation on the level of norm adoption and b) for multiplicity of norm equilibria. Finally we discuss policy implications.
title: Environmental Aspects of Resource Extraction Contracts
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Krings, Hanna
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: Resource Extraction
Environment
North-South Trade
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper analyzes resource partnerships and their in
uence on the environmental quality in a resource-rich country by introducing incomplete contracts, imperfect property rights protection, and a lack
of valuation for the environment by the government in the South. Em-
ploying numerical simulations, I determine the equilibrium extraction
rate, the applied extraction technology, and the environmental quality
in dependence of the state of democracy in the resource-rich country.
In contrast to what one might expect, under certain circumstances it
can be environmentally bene�cial to have incomplete contracts that
induce the utilization of a suboptimal technology for resource extrac-
tion. Further, reducing the holdup problem by shifting bargaining
power to the North, is only desirable if the environmental quality in-
creases with a better extraction technology.
title: How scale and institutional setting explain the costs of small airports? -An application of spatial regression analysis
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Ülkü, Tolga
name: Jeleskovic, Vahidin
name: Müller, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: scale economies
Economics
Wirtschaft
airport subsidies
spatial regression
Airport costs

description: One of the main pillars of efficient airport operations is cost-minimization. Unit costs of operation with respect to the level of passengers served are a possible proxy to measure the cost efficiency of an airport. Due to compound production framework and sophisticated political-economic environment of airports, estimation of airport costs requires detailed specifications. Airport cost functions should be able to explain the total costs with the main inputs labor, material and capital as well as by taking the airport specific characteristics into account. In this paper, we apply such an approach and focus on airport specific characteristics. We use a spatial regression methodology to explain how these drive the unit costs and analyze the spatial relationship among the dependent variables. Two separate data samples from Norwegian and French airports are used in this research to test various hypotheses.
Because a large number of regional airports in both countries cannot reach financial break-even, our first research question deals with the effects of subsidies, which often follow regional and political considerations. One must therefore find an efficient way to maintain these airports without any distortions on the incentives. When evaluating the relationship between subsidies and unit costs, we find negative effect of subsidies on airport cost efficiency. Second, we evaluate the importance of economies of scale by focusing on the relationship between airport size and unit costs. Finally, the results of spatial regression show that a denser spatial distribution of airports results in higher unit costs as a consequence of lower capacity utilization, indicating the negative effect of spatial competition on airport unit costs within an airport network.
title: Natural Resource Production, Corruption and Expropriation
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Dadasov, Ramin
name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Lorz, Oliver
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: foreign direct investment
Natural resources
hold-up problem
corruption.

description: We develop a formal model that looks at the mutually endogenous determination of foreign direct investments in natural resource-rich countries, the decision of host governments to expropriate these investments, and the level of corruption. Higher resource production makes expropriation more attractive from the perspective of national governments. A low expropriation risk is in turn an important determinant of international investments and is therefore associated with high levels of production. Moreover, resource production leads to high levels of corruption. Our theoretical results are confirmed by estimations of a simultaneous equation model for 50 resource-rich countries in which we endogenize expropriation risk, corruption, and resource production.
title: Benchmark Value Added Chains and Regional Clusters in German R&D Intensive Industries
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Kosfeld, Reinhold
name: Titze, Mirko
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: regional clusters
National cluster templates
Economics
Wirtschaft
qualitative input-output analysis (QIOA)
spatial scanning

description: Although the phase of euphoria seems to be over, policymakers and regional agencies have maintained their interest in cluster policy. Modern cluster theory provides reasons for positive external effects that may accrue from interaction in a group of proximate enterprises operating in common and related fields. While there is some progress in locating clusters, in most cases only limited knowledge on the geographical extent of regional clusters is established. The present paper presents a hybrid approach to cluster identification. While dominant buyer-supplier relations are derived by qualitative input-output analysis (QIOA) from national I-O tables, potential regional clusters are identified by spatial scanning. This procedure is employed to identify clusters of German R&D intensive industries. In a sensitivity analysis, good robustness properties of the hybrid approach are revealed with respect to variations in the quantitative cluster composition.
High energy collision without fine tuning: Acceleration and multiple collisions of shells in a bound system
Creators: name: Kokubu, Takafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High energy collision of massive bodies is investigated without fine tuning. We study multiple collisions of two spherical concentric shells in a gravitationally bound system and calculate the center of mass energy between the shells. We solve the equation of motions for two shells without imposing any fine tuning of the initial parameters. In this bound system, the shells collide many times and these motions are highly nontrivial due to chaotic behavior of the shells. Consequently, the center of mass energy for each collision varies nontrivially and even reach almost its theoretical upper limit. We confirm that a significant proportion of the theoretical limit is automatically achieved during multiple collisions without fine tuning. At the same time, we also study shell ejection from the system after some collisions. If the initial shell's energy is large enough, multiple collisions may cause one shell to accumulate energy so that it escapes to infinity, even though two shells are initially confined in the system. The ejection is caused by multiple collisions inducing nontrivial energy transfer between the shells. The relation between the maximum center of mass energy and the energy transfer causing the shell ejection is also discussed.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. PRD accepted, typos corrected, references added, published version
Wildlife-based Tourism and Increased Tourist Support for Nature Conservation Financially and Otherwise: Evidence from Sea Turtle Ecotourism at Mon Repos
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Conservation
subject: Sea Turtles
subject: Ecotourism

description: Arguments of most conservationists supporting ecotourism have been based upon the views that it is environmentally friendly as a resource-use and that receipts from it can counter demands to use the natural resources involved for more extractive economic purposes. But wildlife-based ecotourism can also have positive impacts in itself on the willingness of tourists to pay for wildlife conservation, strengthen the pro-conservation attitudes of tourists and foster personal actions by them which contribute to wildlife conservation. These aspects are explored in this article on the basis of a survey of tourists visiting Mon Repos Beach near Bundaberg, Queensland for the purpose of watching marine turtles. The results enable several of the conservation impacts of this experience on tourists to be quantified, and highlight important relationships between specific socio-economic variables and willingness of tourists to pay for the protection of sea turtles. Furthermore, it is shown that the on-site experiences of ecotourists have positive impacts on the willingness of tourists to pay for the conservation of wildlife, and that willingness to pay is sensitive to whether wildlife is seen or not. It is suggested that in situ ecotourism is likely to be a more powerful force for fostering pro-conservation attitudes and actions amongst visitors than ex situ wildlife-based tourism in aquaria and zoos.
Multiwavelength classification of X-ray selected galaxy cluster candidates using convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Kosiba, Matej
name: Lieu, Maggie
name: Altieri, Bruno
name: Clerc, Nicolas
name: Faccioli, Lorenzo
name: Kendrew, Sarah
name: Valtchanov, Ivan
name: Sadibekova, Tatyana
name: Pierre, Marguerite
name: Hroch, Filip
name: Werner, Norbert
name: Burget, Lukáš
name: Garrel, Christian
name: Koulouridis, Elias
name: Gaynullina, Evelina
name: Molham, Mona
name: Ramos-Ceja, Miriam E.
name: Khalikova, Alina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters appear as extended sources in XMM-Newton images, but not all extended sources are clusters. So, their proper classification requires visual inspection with optical images, which is a slow process with biases that are almost impossible to model. We tackle this problem with a novel approach, using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a state-of-the-art image classification tool, for automatic classification of galaxy cluster candidates. We train the networks on combined XMM-Newton X-ray observations with their optical counterparts from the all-sky Digitized Sky Survey. Our data set originates from the X-CLASS survey sample of galaxy cluster candidates, selected by a specially developed pipeline, the XAmin, tailored for extended source detection and characterisation. Our data set contains 1 707 galaxy cluster candidates classified by experts. Additionally, we create an official Zooniverse citizen science project, The Hunt for Galaxy Clusters, to probe whether citizen volunteers could help in a challenging task of galaxy cluster visual confirmation. The project contained 1 600 galaxy cluster candidates in total of which 404 overlap with the expert's sample. The networks were trained on expert and Zooniverse data separately. The CNN test sample contains 85 spectroscopically confirmed clusters and 85 non-clusters that appear in both data sets. Our custom network achieved the best performance in the binary classification of clusters and non-clusters, acquiring accuracy of 90 %, averaged after 10 runs. The results of using CNNs on combined X-ray and optical data for galaxy cluster candidate classification are encouraging and there is a lot of potential for future usage and improvements.
description: 14 pages, 10 tables, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of “They’re not doing enough.”: women’s experiences with opioids and naloxone in Toronto
Creators: name: Macleod, Emilie R.
name: Tajbakhsh, Iren
name: Hamilton-Wright, Sarah
name: Laliberte, Nancy
name: Wiese, Jessica L.
name: Matheson, Flora I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2: COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research checklist.
A Study of the Impact of Ecotourism on Environmental Education and Conservation: The case of Turtle Watching at an Australian Site
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: ecotourism
subject: environmental education
subject: sea turtles
subject: sustainable tourism
subject: wildlife conservation

description: The importance of environmental education as a component of ecotourism is highlighted. The extent of environmental education and its impact on attitudes to conservation of sea turtles and actions by ecotourists to support such conservation as a result of their visits to Mon Repos Conservation Park (Queensland), an important marine turtle rookery, is examined. To do this, results from 519 usable survey forms completed by ecotourists are analysed. It is found that a considerable amount of environmental education is obtained by visitors and that this has positive and statistically significant impacts on their desire to protect sea turtles and their intended actions to do so. The importance of the interaction of tourists with wildlife as a contributor to their pro-conservation sentiments and actions is also discussed.
title: Taxation and Labour Supply: Evidence from a Representative Population Survey
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Uhl, Matthias
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Taxation ∙ Labour supply ∙ Representative population survey Germany

description: We study the influence of taxation on labour supply using a specifically designed representative survey of the German population. First, we investigate whether taxes generally matter for the labour supply decisions of our respondents. Around 41 per cent report taking taxes into consideration, which implies that the majority of the German population appears unresponsive to taxation. Second, we look at self-reported labour supply adjustments following a recently enacted payroll tax change. Only around 12 per cent of all respondents report an actual labour supply response, but we find evidence of an income, as well as a substitution, effect of the tax change. Our conclusion is that effects of taxes on labour supply in Germany are likely small. We analyse the correlation with economic and socio-demographic variables, and find that the self-employed are relatively more sensitive to taxation and that low interest rates reduce incentives for an expansion of the labour supply.
Moduli spaces of non-geometric type II/heterotic dual pairs
Creators: name: Gautier, Yoan
name: Israel, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the moduli spaces of heterotic/type II dual pairs in four dimensions with N=2 supersymmetry corresponding to non-geometric Calabi-Yau backgrounds on the type II side and to T-fold compactifications on the heterotic side. The vector multiplets moduli space receives perturbative corrections in the heterotic description only, and non-perturbative correction in both descriptions. We derive explicitely the perturbative corrections to the heterotic four-dimensional prepotential, using the knowledge of its singularity structure and of the heterotic perturbative duality group. We also derive the exact hypermultiplets moduli space, that receives corrections neither in the string coupling nor in $α'$.
description: 34 pages, no figures
Bridging phonology, meaning, and written form across time: Introducing a database of Chinese ideophones — CHIDEOD (2019)
Creators: name: Hoey, Thomas Van
name: Thompson, Arthur L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Ideophones have been receiving renewed interest in the last three decades (see e.g. Voeltz & Kilian-Hatz 2001; the Iconicity in Language and Linguistics series). However, linguistic studies have been synchronic in nature for the most part (Dingemanse 2018). We address this diachronic research gap by constructing a database for literary Chinese ideophones (following Mok 2001; Van Hoey 2018) that explores the variables such as:1. the phonology across different stages of Chinese2. the morphology of ideophones (different types of partial and full reduplication),3. sensory domain mappings based on a cross-linguistic implicational hierarchy (cf. theauthor; Dingemanse 2012),4. Chinese characters and their radical support (see below).Through this database it is possible to investigate the two different modalities of phonological form and written form, an analysis licensed by the Chinese model of Meaning//phonology / writing (xíng-yīn-yì 形-音-義 ‘shape – sound – meaning’, cf. Baxter & Sagart 1998, as opposed to the mere meaning-form pair of most Construction Grammar approaches).PHONOLOGICAL FORMCurrently, there are 1918 ideophones in the database, of which 52% are of the full reduplication type, and 47% belong to partial reduplication type. This latter group of partially reduplicated ideophones captured our attention: morphologically speaking, 36% of these are base-reduplicant, 10% are reduplicant-base, and for 51% the base is unclear. Looking at vowel alternations of reduplicants (like English zig-zag), 35% types exhibit this pattern. However, there appears no (productive) difference in what ideophones with or without nucleus alternation can depict, see Table 1.WRITTEN FORMWhile there is evidence (Horodeck 1987; DeFrancis 1984; Unger 2004) that the sound part of a Chinese character plays a more important role in their processing, one would expect that for ideophones, being “marked words that depict sensory imagery” (Dingemanse 2011; 2012) make statistically more use of semantic radicals functional components. This so-called radical support is statistically significant in the partial reduplicated types in the database (p = 0.0002468). Interestingly, they radicals follow a Zipf-distribution, with WATER being the most commonly used radical, e.g. wù-jué (< Middle Chinese mit-kwet) 沕潏 ‘bubbling forth from a fountainhead’ in which 氵 is WATER.This database and the preliminary conclusions drawn from it provides a base line, as well as new opportunities, for future comparative and diachronic studies of phonological, semantic, and orthographic nature with respect to iconicity.
Additional file 1 of Health-related quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients: a European multi-country study
Creators: name: Visser, Laurenske A.
name: Louapre, Celine
name: Groot, Carin A. Uyl-De
name: Redekop, William K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1.
Strongylodesma Levi 1969
Creators: name: Kelly, Michelle
name: Goudie, Lisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Latrunculiidae
Strongylodesma

description: Genus Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969
 Type species. S. areolata Lévi, 1969: 959, pl. 2, fig. 4c.
 Diagnosis. Latrunculiidae with a packed ectosome of paratangential strongyles and, in most species, a clear subectosomal band of collagenous mesohyl. Choanosomal architecture consists of megascleres arranged in an irregular, large-meshed reticulation formed by insubstantial or heavy tracts of megascleres, which are smooth or terminally spined strongyles, in a single, broad, size category, many of which have characteristic ‘shepherd’s crook’ modifications. Species contain pyrroloquinoline alkaloids such as batzellins, isobatzellins, discorhabdins and their derivatives (abbreviated and modified from Samaai et al. 2009).
description: Published as part of Kelly, Michelle & Goudie, Lisa, 2020, Bridging the gap: first record of sponge genus Strongylodesma in Australian waters, pp. 397-400 in Zootaxa 4808 (2) on page 397, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.2.13, http://zenodo.org/record/3933464
Galaxy Groups in the 2dFGRS: the number density of groups
Creators: name: Eke, V. R.
name: Baugh, C. M.
name: Cole, S.
name: Frenk, C. S.
name: Navarro, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of galaxy clusters as a function of mass is determined using the 2dFGRS Percolation-Inferred Galaxy Group (2PIGG) catalogue. This is used to estimate the amplitude of the matter fluctuation spectrum, parametrised by the linear theory rms density fluctuations in spheres of 8Mpc/h, sigma_8. The best-fitting value for this parameter is highly correlated with the mean matter density in the Universe, Omega_m, and is found to satisfy sigma_8=0.25Omega_m^{-0.92-4.5(Omega_m-0.22)^2}+/-10%(statistical)+/-20% (systematic) for 0.18
description: Submitted to MNRAS, 12 pages, 17 figures (1 in colour)
Environmental Regulations of Land-use and Public Compensation: Principles with Swiss and Australian Examples
Creators: name: Seidl, Irmi
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Harrison, Stephen R.
name: Seidl, Irmi
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Harrison, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Australia
subject: compensation for takings
subject: conservation
subject: environmental regulation
subject: property rights
subject: rural land-use
subject: Switzerland
subject: welfare economics

description: This paper discusses regulation of rural land-use and compensation, both of which appear to have become more common but also more disputed. The implications of contemporary theories in relation to this matter are examined. Coverage includes the applicability of new welfare economics, the relevance of the neoclassical theory of politics, and the implications of contemporary theories of social conflict resolution and communication. Examining case studies of Swiss and Australian regulation of the use of rural properties and the ensuing conflicts, it is found that many decisions reflect a mixture of these elements. Rarely, if ever, are social decisions in this area made solely on the basis of welfare economics, for instance social cost-benefit analysis. Only some aspects of such decisions can be explained by the neoclassical theory of politics, and only ex post. Theories of social conflict resolution suggest why approaches of discourse and participation may resolve conflicts on regulation and compensation and in which way. These theories and their practical application seem to gain in importance as contest against decisions in a sovereign capacity increases. The high complexity of most conflicts on regulation and compensation cannot be tackled with narrow economic theories. Moreover, the Swiss and Australian examples show that such approaches of conflict resolution may rather favour environmental standards.
Offsets the Queensland Way Development of the Queensland Government Environmental Offsets Policy
Creators: name: Driml, Sally
name: Clouston, Beth
name: Bortman, Amy
name: Driml, Sally
name: Clouston, Beth
name: Bortman, Amy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: environment
subject: offsets
subject: policy
subject: market based instruments.

description: The Queensland Government Environmental Offsets Policy provides an overarching framework for environmental offsets in Queensland. The policy provides a consistent and transparent approach to the use of offsets. It contains principles and guidelines for developing and applying more detailed ‘specific-issue’ policies for offsetting important environmental values such as vegetation or fish habitats. Currently, offsets use in Queensland can be characterised as a compliance mechanism as they are required to meet development conditions. Developers will face higher costs if they need an offset and this provides a greater incentive to avoid and minimise impacts on areas with significant environmental values. The paper canvasses opportunities to now move to develop efficient offset markets in Queensland.
Reduplication as a trigger of intersubjectivity: Mandarin Chinese ideophones and reduplication in the CHILDES corpora (2019)
Creators: name: Hoey, Thomas Van
name: Lu, Chiarung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Given that previous studies suggest that the L1 acquisition of verbs and other relational items is facilitated in Mandarin Chinese when compared to that of non-relational items (Tardif 1996; Lee & Naigles 2005; Tardif 2006; Imai et al. 2006; Ogura et al. 2006), and the fact that reduplication is pervasive in Mandarin (Lǐ & Ponsford 2018), this study explores the role that reduplication and ideophones play in early childhood communication, which thus far has been understudied.Using childesr (Sanchez et al. 2018), an R package mirroring the CHILDES database (MacWhinney 2000), it is possible to approach this research topic from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. As an example, we show how caregivers use reduplication forms to induce children’s reactions, and children construe sensory descriptions with reduplicative constructions when they are given a task such as describing an apple, even though other competing alternatives are readily available. This pragmatic use of reduplication can trigger intersubjectivity, which aids in communication, especially since the child repeats the adult’s reduplication.However, whether or not such reduplicated ideophonized constructions are used does depend on the age of the target child and the item in question: ideophonic construal and reduplication are influenced by frequency effects and their depictive function (Dingemanse 2012), and are item-based, like most of L1 acquisition (Tomasello 2003; MacWhinney & O’Grady 2015).
Additional file 1 of Changes in patient visits and diagnoses in a large academic center during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Berkenstock, Meghan K.
name: Liberman, Paulina
name: McDonnell, Peter J.
name: Chaon, Benjamin C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplement 1. ICD-10 Code Consolidation by Ophthalmic Subspecialty.