cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ERASER: Machine Unlearning in MLaaS via an Inference Serving-Aware Approach
Creators: name: Hu, Yuke
name: Lou, Jian
name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Ni, Wangze
name: Lin, Feng
name: Qin, Zhan
name: Ren, Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the past years, Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has received a surging demand for supporting Machine Learning-driven services to offer revolutionized user experience across diverse application areas. MLaaS provides inference service with low inference latency based on an ML model trained using a dataset collected from numerous individual data owners. Recently, for the sake of data owners' privacy and to comply with the "right to be forgotten (RTBF)" as enacted by data protection legislation, many machine unlearning methods have been proposed to remove data owners' data from trained models upon their unlearning requests. However, despite their promising efficiency, almost all existing machine unlearning methods handle unlearning requests independently from inference requests, which unfortunately introduces a new security issue of inference service obsolescence and a privacy vulnerability of undesirable exposure for machine unlearning in MLaaS.
 In this paper, we propose the ERASER framework for machinE unleaRning in MLaAS via an inferencE seRving-aware approach. ERASER strategically choose appropriate unlearning execution timing to address the inference service obsolescence issue. A novel inference consistency certification mechanism is proposed to avoid the violation of RTBF principle caused by postponed unlearning executions, thereby mitigating the undesirable exposure vulnerability. ERASER offers three groups of design choices to allow for tailor-made variants that best suit the specific environments and preferences of various MLaaS systems. Extensive empirical evaluations across various settings confirm ERASER's effectiveness, e.g., it can effectively save up to 99% of inference latency and 31% of computation overhead over the inference-oblivion baseline.
description: Accepted by CCS'24
The suppression of the monasteries under Henry VIII. [F.S.A.].
Creators: name: F. S. A., Active 1900.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 At head of cover title: H87.
 Publication date from p. 16.
 The following paper is extracted by permission from a little volume on English monasteries, of which it forms the concluding chapter, published by Messrs. G.J. Palmer and Sons. The author is a well-known antiquary, who writes under the initials F.S.A.
 Cover title.
An assessment of systems, agents, and institutions in building community resilience to climate change: A case study of Charlottetown, Canada
Creators: Birchall, S. Jeff
MacDonald, Seghan
Bara, Nicklas N.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

While climate change manifests itself as a global phenomenon, impacts are experienced most acutely at the local scale. As a result, the onus of responding to climate change impacts through planning policies and practice falls on local government decision-makers. This qualitative study, based in Charlottetown, Canada, utilizes the framework of resilience theory to examine the relationship between systems, agents, and institutions in addressing climate vulnerability to build community resilience. Findings suggest that while non-municipal agents such as senior orders of government and external organizations are championing proactive adaptation through climate impact research and adaptation initiatives, the municipality has taken a non-urgent, reactionary approach in the face of climate stressors, often implementing initiatives that further exacerbate climate vulnerability. In the face of system vulnerabilities and cascading failures, deep institutional barriers, influencing and influenced by agents, contribute to

the low prioritization of climate adaptation action. Institutional and agent-induced constraints at the municipal scale have led to the lack of internal initiative to act within the municipality, undermining the efforts of external organizations and senior orders of government. This study highlights the importance of robust local government agents and institutions as a prerequisite to enable local-scale climate adaptation.
title: Chasing referents: representations of self and other in Wilfred Thesiger's Arabian Sands and Freya Stark's The Southern Gates of Arabia
Creators: name: Cocking, Ben
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2003

description: Freya Stark's The Southern Gates of Arabia and Wilfred Thesiger's Arabian Sands are commonly read as the last proponents of the Arabist tradition of travel writing. Based on journeys undertaken in the 1930s and 1940s in the Hadramaut and Empty Quarter regions of Arabia, they are accounts of travels which, due to the rapid modernisation of the Arabian Peninsula, were no longer possible even a few years after they were written. With the Arabist genealogy in decline, The Southern Gates of Arabia and Arabian Sands were written at a point of transition. This thesis focuses the relationship between the representational strategies they deploy - both in written text and in their accompanying photographs - and the ideological assumptions of colonialism and imperialism in which they were grounded. In so doing, this thesis draws on the work of Edward Said, Ali Behdad, and, to an extent, Michel Foucault. Their work provides a context in which to question the representational structures and the ideological assumptions on which Stark's and Thesiger's works are based. Consequently, it is possible to see the representational strategies deployed by Stark and Thesiger, and the ways in which these strategies are categorized by gender, as part of an Arabist tradition of travel writing. However, their position at the end of the Arabist tradition also raises the issue of the extent to which their work can be seen as colluding in its demise.
Nonlinear relaxation of 0-dimension-trapped microcavity polaritons
Creators: name: Daif, Ounsi El
name: Nardin, Gael
name: Paraiso, Taofiq K.
name: Baas, Augustin
name: Richard, Maxime
name: Brantut, J. -P.
name: Morier-Genoud, Francois
name: Deveaud-Pledran, Benoit
name: Guillet, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emission properties of confined polariton states in shallow zero-dimensional traps under non-resonant excitation. We evidence several relaxation regimes. For slightly negative photon-exciton detuning, we observe a nonlinear increase of the emission intensity, characteristic of carrier-carrier scattering assisted relaxation under strong-coupling regime. This demonstrates the efficient relaxation towards a confined state of the system. For slightly positive detuning, we observe the transition from strong to weak coupling regime and then to single-mode lasing.
description: Citations updated with respect to the journal version, and figures made clearer. 8 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 3 of Cofilin-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 are differentially expressed in locally advanced colorectal cancer and according to consensus molecular subtypes
Creators: name: Sousa-Squiavinato, Annie Cristhine Moraes
name: Vasconcelos, Renata Ivo
name: Gehren, Adriana Sartorio
name: Fernandes, Priscila Valverde
name: Ivanir Martins De Oliveira
name: Boroni, Mariana
name: Morgado-Díaz, Jose Andrés
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Multivariate analysis for the lymph node metastatic risk.
Robust Cooperative Output Regulation for Networks of Hyperbolic PIDE-ODE Systems
Creators: name: Gabriel, Jakob
name: Deutscher, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper the robust cooperative output regulation problem for multi-agent systems (MAS) with general heterodirectional hyperbolic PIDE-ODE agents is considered. This setup also covers networks of ODEs with arbitrarily long input and output delays. The output of the agents can be defined at all boundaries, in-domain and may depend on the ODE state, while disturbances act on the agents in-domain, at the boundaries, the output and the ODE. The communication network is described by a constant digraph and if its Laplacian is reducible, then heterogeneous agents are permitted also in the nominal case. The solution is based on the cooperative internal model principle, which requires to include a diffusively driven internal model in the controller. The corresponding state feedback regulator design starts with a local backstepping stabilization of the coupled hyperbolic PIDE-ODE systems. It is shown that the remaining simultaneous stabilization of the MAS can be traced back to the simultaneous stabilization of the finite-dimensional cooperative internal model. Solvability conditions in terms of the network topology and the agents transfer behavior are presented. The new design method is applied to the formation control of a platoon of uncertain heavy ropes carrying loads to verify its applicability. Simulations confirm the synchronization performance achieved by the resulting networked controller.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Infrared spectroscopic studies of some organotin (IV) and organoantimony (V) derivatives
Creators: name: Goel, Ram Gopal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Triphenyl-, trimethyl- and dimethyltin(IV), and trimethylantimony(V) derivatives of a wide variety of acids, including those of very strong acids, as well as derivatives of a transition metal oxyanion, were synthesized. Their structural characteristics in the solid state, under strictly anhydrous conditions, were determined from their infrared spectra. These spectroscopic results can only be interpreted in terms of a very strong interaction between the organometal group and the corresponding anionic group, and provide strong evidence for coordination or partial covalent bonding between the organometal group and the anionic group. Contrary to earlier reports, no evidence is found for the existence of free R₃Sn⁺ , R2Sn²⁺ or R₃Sb²⁺ cations in the solid state.
A Method for Finding All Permutiples with a Fixed Set of Digits from a Single Known Example
Creators: name: Holt, Benjamin V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A permutiple is a natural number that is a nontrivial multiple of a permutation of its digits in some base. Special cases of permutiples include cyclic numbers (multiples of cyclic permutations of their digits) and palintiple numbers (multiples of their digit reversals). While cyclic numbers have a fairly straightforward description, palintiple numbers admit many varieties and cases. A previous paper attempts to get a better handle on the general case by constructing new examples of permutiples with the same set of digits, multiplier, and length as a known example. However, the results are not sufficient for finding all possible examples except when the multiplier divides the base. Using an approach based on the methods of this previous paper, we develop a new method which enables us to find all examples under any conditions.
description: This version is updated to include additional expository information, as well as a new example to further illustrate the methods presented in the paper
New evidence for lack of CMB power on large scales
Creators: name: Liu, Hao
name: Li, Ti-Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A digitalized temperature map is recovered from the first light sky survey image published by the Planck team, from which an angular power spectrum is derived. The amplitudes of the low multipoles measured from the preliminary Planck power spectrum are significantly lower than that reported by the WMAP team. Possible systematical effects are far from enough to explain the observed low-l differences.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Microgravity experiments on the collisional behavior of Saturnian ring particles
Creators: name: Heißelmann, Daniel
name: Blum, Jürgen
name: Fraser, Helen J.
name: Wolling, Kristin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present results of two novel experimental methods to investigate the collisional behavior of individual macroscopic icy bodies. The experiments reported here were conducted in the microgravity environments of parabolic flights and the Bremen drop tower facility. Using a cryogenic parabolic-flight setup, we were able to capture 41 near-central collisions of 1.5-cm-sized ice spheres at relative velocities between 6 and $22 \mathrm{cm s^{-1}}$. The analysis of the image sequences provides a uniform distribution of coefficients of restitution with a mean value of $\overline{\varepsilon} = 0.45$ and values ranging from $\varepsilon = 0.06$ to 0.84. Additionally, we designed a prototype drop tower experiment for collisions within an ensemble of up to one hundred cm-sized projectiles and performed the first experiments with solid glass beads. We were able to statistically analyze the development of the kinetic energy of the entire system, which can be well explained by assuming a granular `fluid' following Haff's law with a constant coefficient of restitution of $\varepsilon = 0.64$. We could also show that the setup is suitable for studying collisions at velocities of $< 5 \mathrm{mm s^{-1}}$ appropriate for collisions between particles in Saturn's dense main rings.
description: Accepted for publication in the Icarus Special Issue "Cassini at Saturn"
Enhancing Privacy for Biometric Identification Cards
Creators: name: Balanoiu, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.1.3; C.2; D.4.6; K.6.5; K.6.m

description: Most developed countries have started the implementation of biometric electronic identification cards, especially passports. The European Union and the United States of America struggle to introduce and standardize these electronic documents. Due to the personal nature of the biometric elements used for the generation of these cards, privacy issues were raised on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, leading to civilian protests and concerns. The lack of transparency from the public authorities responsible with the implementation of such identification systems, and the poor technological approaches chosen by these authorities, are the main reasons for the negative popularity of the new identification methods. The following article shows an approach that provides all the benefits of modern technological advances in the fields of biometrics and cryptography, without sacrificing the privacy of those that will be the beneficiaries of the new system.
description: 8 Pages, 7 figures
Cross Section Measurement of the $^{82}$Kr(p,$γ$)$^{83}$Rb Reaction in Inverse Kinematics
Creators: name: Tsantiri, A.
name: Palmisano-Kyle, A.
name: Spyrou, A.
name: Mohr, P.
name: Berg, H. C.
name: DeYoung, P. A.
name: Dombos, A. C.
name: Gastis, P.
name: Good, E. C.
name: Harris, C. M.
name: Liddick, S. N.
name: Lyons, S. M.
name: Olivas-Gomez, O.
name: Owens-Fryar, G.
name: Pereira, J.
name: Richard, A. L.
name: Simon, A.
name: Smith, M. K.
name: Zegers, R. G. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total cross section of the $^{82}$Kr(p,$γ$)$^{83}$Rb reaction was measured for the first time at effective center-of-mass energies between 2.4 and 3.0 MeV, within the relevant Gamow window for the astrophysical $γ$ process. The experiment took place at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University using the ReA facility. A $^{82}$Kr beam was directed onto a hydrogen gas cell located at the center of the Summing NaI(Tl) (SuN) detector. The obtained spectra were analyzed using the $γ$-summing technique and the extracted cross section was compared to standard statistical model calculations using the \textsc{non-smoker} and \textsc{talys} codes. The comparison indicates that standard statistical model calculations tend to overproduce the cross section of the $^{82}$Kr(p,$γ$)$^{83}$Rb reaction relative to the experimentally measured values. Furthermore, the experimental data was used to provide additional constraints on the nuclear level density and $γ$-ray strength function used in the statistical model calculations.
Resolving the HBT Puzzle in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision
Creators: name: Pratt, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two particle correlation data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have provided detailed femtoscopic information describing the space-time structure of the emission of pions. This data had avoided description with hydrodynamic-based approaches, in contrast to the success of hydrodynamics in reproducing other classes of observables. This failure has inspired the term ``HBT puzzle'', where HBT refers to femtoscopic studies which were originally based on Hanbury-Brown Twiss interferometry. Here, the puzzle is shown to originate not from a single shortcoming of hydrodynamic models, but the combination of several effects: mainly including pre-thermalized acceleration, using a stiffer equation of state, and adding viscous corrections.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Methods to investigate intrathecal adaptive immunity in neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Oh, Hamilton
name: Leventhal, Olivia
name: Channappa, Divya
name: Henderson, Victor W.
name: Wyss-Coray, Tony
name: Benoit Lehallier
name: Gate, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Identification of blood contamination in CSF. a) Representative CSF pellet with visible blood contamination. Samples contaminated with blood should be discarded for molecular analysis of CSF cells. Figure S2. Visualization of sample metadata. a) Quality control metrics of each sample after removing low quality samples CSF11 and CSF22 b) tSNE colored by sample. c) tSNE colored by diagnosis. d) tSNE colored by processing batch. e) tSNE colored by sequencing batch. f) Quantification of average cell type distribution per diagnosis based on Seurat clustering. Figure S3. Levenshtein Similarity distributions and Identical TCRβ Network. a) Distributions of L-sim scores of clonal full length TCRαβ and TCRβ sequences. b) Network displaying connections between samples with identical TCRβ sequences (L-sim = 1.0). Network includes only clonal TCRs with unambiguous CDR3b sequences. Figure S4. Networks of narcolepsy CSF T cells showing shared TCRβ sequences. a) TCRβ network displaying connections between narcolepsy patient samples with identical CD4+ T cell TCRβ sequences. Narcolepsy patient (NP) nodes contain clonal CSF CD4+ T cell TCRs, healthy control (HC) nodes contain clonal CSF T cells from Supplementary Figure 3b, while HCRT and TRIB2 nodes contain TCRs from peripheral blood derived CD4+ T cells that were experimentally determined to be specific for HCRT and TRIB2, respectively. Table below shows metadata for highlighted identical TCRs. Note that there are additional TCRs shared among narcolepsy patients, yet it is unknown whether these TCRs recognize HCRT or another antigen. b) TCRβ network displaying connections between narcolepsy patient CSF samples with identical CD8+ T cell TCRβ sequences. All nodes contain clonal CSF CD8+ T cell TCRs. HC samples from Supplementary Figure 3b were used. Table below shows metadata for highlighted identical TCRs.
Unanswered Questions in the Electroweak Theory
Creators: name: Quigg, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is devoted to the status of the electroweak theory on the eve of experimentation at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. A compact summary of the logic and structure of the electroweak theory precedes an examination of what experimental tests have established so far. The outstanding unconfirmed prediction of the electroweak theory is the existence of the Higgs boson, a weakly interacting spin-zero particle that is the agent of electroweak symmetry breaking, the giver of mass to the weak gauge bosons, the quarks, and the leptons. General arguments imply that the Higgs boson or other new physics is required on the TeV energy scale. Indirect constraints from global analyses of electroweak measurements suggest that the mass of the standard-model Higgs boson is less than 200 GeV. Once its mass is assumed, the properties of the Higgs boson follow from the electroweak theory, and these inform the search for the Higgs boson. Alternative mechanisms for electroweak symmetry breaking are reviewed, and the importance of electroweak symmetry breaking is illuminated by considering a world without a specific mechanism to hide the electroweak symmetry. For all its triumphs, the electroweak theory has many shortcomings. . . .
description: 31 pages, 20 figures; prepared for Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science (minor changes)
UTBoost: Gradient Boosted Decision Trees for Uplift Modeling
Creators: name: Gao, Junjie
name: Zheng, Xiangyu
name: Wang, DongDong
name: Huang, Zhixiang
name: Zheng, Bangqi
name: Yang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Uplift modeling comprises a collection of machine learning techniques designed for managers to predict the incremental impact of specific actions on customer outcomes. However, accurately estimating this incremental impact poses significant challenges due to the necessity of determining the difference between two mutually exclusive outcomes for each individual. In our study, we introduce two novel modifications to the established Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT) technique. These modifications sequentially learn the causal effect, addressing the counterfactual dilemma. Each modification innovates upon the existing technique in terms of the ensemble learning method and the learning objective, respectively. Experiments with large-scale datasets validate the effectiveness of our methods, consistently achieving substantial improvements over baseline models.
description: Accepted by PRICAI 2024
Successful $νp$-process in neutrino-driven outflows in core-collapse supernovae
Creators: name: Friedland, Alexander
name: Mukhopadhyay, Payel
name: Patwardhan, Amol V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the solar system abundances of several proton-rich isotopes, especially $^{92,94}$Mo and $^{96,98}$Ru, has been an enduring mystery in nuclear astrophysics. An attractive proposal to solve this problem is the $νp$-process, which can operate in neutrino-driven outflows in a core-collapse supernova after the shock is launched. Years of detailed studies, however, have cast doubt over the ability of this process to generate sufficiently high absolute and relative amounts of various $p$-nuclei. The $νp$-process is also thought to be excluded by arguments based on the long-lived radionuclide $^{92}$Nb.Here, we present explicit calculations, in which both the abundance ratios and the absolute yields of the $p$-nuclei up to $A\lesssim 105$ are successfully reproduced, even when using the modern (medium enhanced) triple-$α$ reaction rates. The process is also shown to produce the necessary amounts of $^{92}$Nb. The models are characterized by subsonic outflows and by the protoneutron star masses in the $\gtrsim 1.7 M_\odot$ range. This suggests that the Mo and Ru $p$-nuclides observed in the Solar System were made in CCSN explosions characterized by an extended accretion stage.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures. Clarifications and figures added, results unchanged. Updated to match the journal version
Perspective on electromagnetically induced transparency vs Autler-Townes splitting
Creators: name: Sanders, Barry C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting are two distinct yet related effects. These phenomena are relevant to quantum technologies, including quantum memory, quantum switching, and quantum transduction. Here, the similarities and differences between these phenomena along historical and conceptual lines are discussed and their realizations on various physical platforms including atomic gases, superconducting circuits, and optomechanics are elaborated. In particular, the author clarifies two approaches to assessing which phenomenon is observed based on a black-box approach of modeling the output, given a particular input vs analyzing the underpinning physics. Furthermore, the author highlights the ability to effect a continuous transition between the two seemingly disparate phenomena.
description: 4 pp
Nonequilibrium steady states of driven magnetic flux lines in disordered type-II superconductors
Creators: name: Klongcheongsan, T.
name: Bullard, T. J.
name: Tauber, U. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate driven magnetic flux lines in layered type-II superconductors subject to various configurations of strong point or columnar pinning centers by means of a three-dimensional elastic line model and Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. We characterize the resulting nonequilibrium steady states by means of the force-velocity / current-voltage curve, static structure factor, mean vortex radius of gyration, number of double-kink and half-loop excitations, and velocity / voltage noise spectrum. We compare the results for the above observables for randomly distributed point and columnar defects, and demonstrate that the three-dimensional flux line structures and their fluctuations lead to a remarkable variety of complex phenomena in the steady-state transport properties of bulk superconductors.
description: 23 pages, IOP style, 18 figures included
The DSA Transparency Database: Auditing Self-reported Moderation Actions by Social Media
Creators: name: Trujillo, Amaury
name: Fagni, Tiziano
name: Cresci, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since September 2023, the Digital Services Act (DSA) obliges large online platforms to submit detailed data on each moderation action they take within the European Union (EU) to the DSA Transparency Database. From its inception, this centralized database has sparked scholarly interest as an unprecedented and potentially unique trove of data on real-world online moderation. Here, we thoroughly analyze all 353.12M records submitted by the eight largest social media platforms in the EU during the first 100 days of the database. Specifically, we conduct a platform-wise comparative study of their: volume of moderation actions, grounds for decision, types of applied restrictions, types of moderated content, timeliness in undertaking and submitting moderation actions, and use of automation. Furthermore, we systematically cross-check the contents of the database with the platforms' own transparency reports. Our analyses reveal that (i) the platforms adhered only in part to the philosophy and structure of the database, (ii) the structure of the database is partially inadequate for the platforms' reporting needs, (iii) the platforms exhibited substantial differences in their moderation actions, (iv) a remarkable fraction of the database data is inconsistent, (v) the platform X (formerly Twitter) presents the most inconsistencies. Our findings have far-reaching implications for policymakers and scholars across diverse disciplines. They offer guidance for future regulations that cater to the reporting needs of online platforms in general, but also highlight opportunities to improve and refine the database itself.
description: Article published in ACM CSCW'25. Please, cite the published version
Chiral Perturbation Theory: Introduction and Recent Results in the One-Nucleon Sector
Creators: name: Scherer, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an introduction to the basic concepts of chiral perturbation theory and discuss some recent developments in the manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of the one-nucleon sector.
description: 85 pages, invited review article to appear in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Epistemological Letters 20
Creators: name: Shimony, Abner
name: de Charriere, C.
name: Bonsack, F.
name: Bell, J.S.
name: Costa de Beauregard, O.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Issue 20 is a written symposium on the foundations of quantum physics, edited by François Bonsack, Abner Shimony, and others. It was published and distributed to a limited mailing list by Association Ferdinand Gonseth.
Taking the Next Step with Generative Artificial Intelligence: The Transformative Role of Multimodal Large Language Models in Science Education
Creators: name: Bewersdorff, Arne
name: Hartmann, Christian
name: Hornberger, Marie
name: Seßler, Kathrin
name: Bannert, Maria
name: Kasneci, Enkelejda
name: Kasneci, Gjergji
name: Zhai, Xiaoming
name: Nerdel, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems, in education has shown promise in enhancing teaching and learning experiences. However, the advent of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) like GPT-4 with vision (GPT-4V), capable of processing multimodal data including text, sound, and visual inputs, opens a new era of enriched, personalized, and interactive learning landscapes in education. Grounded in theory of multimedia learning, this paper explores the transformative role of MLLMs in central aspects of science education by presenting exemplary innovative learning scenarios. Possible applications for MLLMs could range from content creation to tailored support for learning, fostering competencies in scientific practices, and providing assessment and feedback. These scenarios are not limited to text-based and uni-modal formats but can be multimodal, increasing thus personalization, accessibility, and potential learning effectiveness. Besides many opportunities, challenges such as data protection and ethical considerations become more salient, calling for robust frameworks to ensure responsible integration. This paper underscores the necessity for a balanced approach in implementing MLLMs, where the technology complements rather than supplants the educator's role, ensuring thus an effective and ethical use of AI in science education. It calls for further research to explore the nuanced implications of MLLMs on the evolving role of educators and to extend the discourse beyond science education to other disciplines. Through the exploration of potentials, challenges, and future implications, we aim to contribute to a preliminary understanding of the transformative trajectory of MLLMs in science education and beyond.
description: revised version 2. September 2024
Enhancing medical vision-language contrastive learning via inter-matching relation modelling
Creators: name: Li, Mingjian
name: Meng, Mingyuan
name: Fulham, Michael
name: Feng, David Dagan
name: Bi, Lei
name: Kim, Jinman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Medical image representations can be learned through medical vision-language contrastive learning (mVLCL) where medical imaging reports are used as weak supervision through image-text alignment. These learned image representations can be transferred to and benefit various downstream medical vision tasks such as disease classification and segmentation. Recent mVLCL methods attempt to align image sub-regions and the report keywords as local-matchings. However, these methods aggregate all local-matchings via simple pooling operations while ignoring the inherent relations between them. These methods therefore fail to reason between local-matchings that are semantically related, e.g., local-matchings that correspond to the disease word and the location word (semantic-relations), and also fail to differentiate such clinically important local-matchings from others that correspond to less meaningful words, e.g., conjunction words (importance-relations). Hence, we propose a mVLCL method that models the inter-matching relations between local-matchings via a relation-enhanced contrastive learning framework (RECLF). In RECLF, we introduce a semantic-relation reasoning module (SRM) and an importance-relation reasoning module (IRM) to enable more fine-grained report supervision for image representation learning. We evaluated our method using six public benchmark datasets on four downstream tasks, including segmentation, zero-shot classification, linear classification, and cross-modal retrieval. Our results demonstrated the superiority of our RECLF over the state-of-the-art mVLCL methods with consistent improvements across single-modal and cross-modal tasks. These results suggest that our RECLF, by modelling the inter-matching relations, can learn improved medical image representations with better generalization capabilities.
description: Published at IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
The fluorides and oxyfluorides of osmium and the oxidizing properties of the noble metal hexafluorides
Creators: name: Jha, Narendra Kumar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An investigation of the attainable oxidation states of osmium in reaction with fluorine and fluorine-oxygen mixtures was carried out. The first simple heptavalent compound of osmium, osmium oxide pentafluoride, OsOF₅, was prepared by the fluorination of anhydrous osmium dioxide. This compound was characterized by analysis, X-ray single crystal and powder methods, and by infrared spectroscopy. The vapour pressure-temperature relationship and derived thermodynamic data have been evaluated. The magnetic susceptibility has been measured over the temperature range 77° to 300°K. The existence of an octavalent osmium oxyfluoride, osmium trioxide difluoride, OsO₃F₂ has been confirmed. This compound is diamagnetic and the solid is dimorphic. Preliminary structural work has indicated that the osmium is six-coordinated in this compound. A related ternary fluoride, NOOsO₃F₃ containing octavalent osmium was prepared and characterized. The results of the investigations indicate that OsO₂F₄ and higher fluorides of osmium than OsF₆ are unlikely to be stable at ordinary temperatures and pressures. The oxidizing properties of the noble metal hexa-fluorides have been investigated. The reactions of platinum hexafluoride with nitrogen trifluoride, carbon monoxide, krypton, chlorine and hexafluorobenzene have been studied with the aim of preparing some unusual cations and to set an upper limit to the oxidizing power of PtF₆. The reaction of xenon with platinum hexafluoride was further investigated in order to better characterize the reaction product. Dioxygenyl hexa-fluoroplatinate (V) was prepared on a large scale for a neutron diffraction study. This study was carried out by J.A Ibers and W.C. Hamilton of the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Interpretation of their findings is given. Reactions of nitric oxide with OsF₆ , IrF₆ and PtF₆ were investigated to establish the oxidizing trend in the series and to prepare as complete a series of NOMF₆ salts as possible. The products NOMF₆ were characterized by analysis, magnetic measurements and X-ray powder photography. Reactions of these hexa-fluorides with sulphur tetrafluoride were also investigated and products containing SF₃⁺ cations were obtained and characterized.
Exploring scalable medical image encoders beyond text supervision
Creators: name: Pérez-García, Fernando
name: Sharma, Harshita
name: Bond-Taylor, Sam
name: Bouzid, Kenza
name: Salvatelli, Valentina
name: Ilse, Maximilian
name: Bannur, Shruthi
name: Castro, Daniel C.
name: Schwaighofer, Anton
name: Lungren, Matthew P.
name: Wetscherek, Maria Teodora
name: Codella, Noel
name: Hyland, Stephanie L.
name: Alvarez-Valle, Javier
name: Oktay, Ozan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Language-supervised pre-training has proven to be a valuable method for extracting semantically meaningful features from images, serving as a foundational element in multimodal systems within the computer vision and medical imaging domains. However, the computed features are limited by the information contained in the text, which is particularly problematic in medical imaging, where the findings described by radiologists focus on specific observations. This challenge is compounded by the scarcity of paired imaging-text data due to concerns over leakage of personal health information. In this work, we fundamentally challenge the prevailing reliance on language supervision for learning general-purpose biomedical imaging encoders. We introduce RAD-DINO, a biomedical image encoder pre-trained solely on unimodal biomedical imaging data that obtains similar or greater performance than state-of-the-art biomedical language-supervised models on a diverse range of benchmarks. Specifically, the quality of learned representations is evaluated on standard imaging tasks (classification and semantic segmentation), and a vision-language alignment task (text report generation from images). To further demonstrate the drawback of language supervision, we show that features from RAD-DINO correlate with other medical records (e.g., sex or age) better than language-supervised models, which are generally not mentioned in radiology reports. Finally, we conduct a series of ablations determining the factors in RAD-DINO's performance; notably, we observe that RAD-DINO's downstream performance scales well with the quantity and diversity of training data, demonstrating that image-only supervision is a scalable approach for training a foundational biomedical image encoder. Model weights of RAD-DINO trained on publicly available datasets are available at https://huggingface.co/microsoft/rad-dino.
The Great Ban: Efficacy and Unintended Consequences of a Massive Deplatforming Operation on Reddit
Creators: name: Cima, Lorenzo
name: Trujillo, Amaury
name: Avvenuti, Marco
name: Cresci, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the current landscape of online abuses and harms, effective content moderation is necessary to cultivate safe and inclusive online spaces. Yet, the effectiveness of many moderation interventions is still unclear. Here, we assess the effectiveness of The Great Ban, a massive deplatforming operation that affected nearly 2,000 communities on Reddit. By analyzing 16M comments posted by 17K users during 14 months, we provide nuanced results on the effects, both desired and otherwise, of the ban. Among our main findings is that 15.6% of the affected users left Reddit and that those who remained reduced their toxicity by 6.6% on average. The ban also caused 5% users to increase their toxicity by more than 70% of their pre-ban level. Overall, our multifaceted results provide new insights into the efficacy of deplatforming. As such, our findings can inform the development of future moderation interventions and the policing of online platforms.
description: Published in Companion Publication of the 16th ACM Web Science Conference. Please, cite the published version
Magic Resource Can Enhance the Quantum Capacity of Channels
Creators: name: Bu, Kaifeng
name: Jaffe, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of magic resource in the quantum capacity of channels. We consider the quantum channel of the recently proposed discrete beam splitter with the fixed environmental state. We find that if the fixed environmental state is a stabilizer state, then the quantum capacity is zero. Moreover, we find that the quantum capacity is nonzero for some magic states, and the quantum capacity increases linearly with respect to the number of single-qudit magic states in the environment. We also bound the maximal quantum capacity of the discrete beam splitter in terms of the amount of magic resource in the environmental states. These results suggest that magic resource can increase the quantum capacity of channels; it sheds new insight into the role of stabilizer and magic states in quantum communication.
description: V3. 7+9 pages, new results are added, close to the published version V2. typos are fixed V1. 5+6 pages
Statistical Estimation of Quantum Tomography Protocols Quality
Creators: name: Bogdanov, Yu. I.
name: Brida, G.
name: Genovese, M.
name: Kulik, S. P.
name: Moreva, E. V.
name: Shurupov, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel operational method for estimating the efficiency of quantum state tomography protocols is suggested. It is based on a-priori estimation of the quality of an arbitrary protocol by means of universal asymptotic fidelity distribution and condition number, which takes minimal value for better protocol. We prove the adequacy of the method both with numerical modeling and through the experimental realization of several practically important protocols of quantum state tomography.
Disarming Beauty: Essays on Faith, Truth, and Freedom
Creators: name: Carrón, Julián
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: \u000aIn 2005, Father Juli\u00e1n Carr\u00f3n became the leader of the global ecclesial movement Communion and Liberation, following the death of the movement's founder, Father Luigi Giussani. _Disarming Beauty_ is the English translation of an engaging and thought-provoking collection of essays by one of the principal Catholic leaders and intellectuals in the world today. Adapted from talks given by Fr. Carr\u00f3n, these essays have been thoroughly reworked by the author to offer an organic presentation of a decade-long journey. They present the content of his elaboration of the gospel message in light of the tradition of Fr. Giussani, the teachings of the popes, and the urgent needs of contemporary people.\u000a\u000aCarr\u00f3n offers a broad diagnosis of challenges in society and then introduces their implications in contexts such as families, schools, workplaces, and political communities. In a dialogue with his listeners, he inspires and encourages them to lay out a new path for the Catholic church and the world. Throughout his essays, Carr\u00f3n addresses the most pressing questions facing theologians today and provides insights that will interest everyone, from the most devout to the firm nonbeliever. Grappling with the interaction of Christian faith and modern culture, Carr\u00f3n treats in very real and concrete ways what is essential to maintaining and developing Christian faith, and he invites an ongoing conversation about the meaning of faith, truth, and freedom.\u000a
Adversarial Machine Learning and Cybersecurity: Risks, Challenges, and Legal Implications
Creators: name: Musser, Micah
name: Lohn, Andrew
name: Dempsey, James X.
name: Spring, Jonathan
name: Kumar, Ram Shankar Siva
name: Leong, Brenda
name: Liaghati, Christina
name: Martinez, Cindy
name: Grant, Crystal D.
name: Rohrer, Daniel
name: Frase, Heather
name: Elliott, Jonathan
name: Bansemer, John
name: Rodriguez, Mikel
name: Regan, Mitt
name: Chowdhury, Rumman
name: Hermanek, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In July 2022, the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) at Georgetown University and the Program on Geopolitics, Technology, and Governance at the Stanford Cyber Policy Center convened a workshop of experts to examine the relationship between vulnerabilities in artificial intelligence systems and more traditional types of software vulnerabilities. Topics discussed included the extent to which AI vulnerabilities can be handled under standard cybersecurity processes, the barriers currently preventing the accurate sharing of information about AI vulnerabilities, legal issues associated with adversarial attacks on AI systems, and potential areas where government support could improve AI vulnerability management and mitigation. This report is meant to accomplish two things. First, it provides a high-level discussion of AI vulnerabilities, including the ways in which they are disanalogous to other types of vulnerabilities, and the current state of affairs regarding information sharing and legal oversight of AI vulnerabilities. Second, it attempts to articulate broad recommendations as endorsed by the majority of participants at the workshop.
Nutrient criteria technical guidance manual lake and reservoirs
Creators: name: Gibson, George
name: Carlson, Robert
name: Simpson, Jonathan
name: Smeltzer, Eric
name: Gerritson, Jeroen
name: Chapra, Steven
name: Heiskary, Steven
name: Jones, Jack
name: Kennedy, Robert
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2000

description: Overenrichment of surface waters in the United States has been a long-standing problem to the extent that approximately half of the waters reported by the States to be impaired are attributed to excess nutrients and related biological growth. The EPA has established the National Nutrient Criteria Program to address this water quality problem. The surface waters of concern are lakes and reservoirs, stream and rivers, estuaries and coastal marine waters, and wetlands. Criteria representing enrichment conditions of surface waters that are minimally impacted by human developmental activities will be developed for each of the regions of the country. These will then become the basis for States and Tribes of the United States to develop nutrient criteria to protect the designated uses of those waters. This manual is designed to help accomplish this for lakes and reservoirs.