cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Directional detection of dark matter streams
Creators: name: O'Hare, Ciaran A. J.
name: Green, Anne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directional detection of WIMPs, in which the energies and directions of the recoiling nuclei are measured, currently presents the only prospect for probing the local velocity distribution of Galactic dark matter. We investigate the extent to which future directional detectors would be capable of probing dark matter substructure in the form of streams. We analyse the signal expected from a Sagittarius-like stream and also explore the full parameter space of stream speed, direction, dispersion and density. Using a combination of non-parametric directional statistics, a profile likelihood ratio test and Bayesian parameter inference we find that within acceptable exposure times (O(10) kg yr for cross sections just below the current exclusion limits) future directional detectors will be sensitive to a wide range of stream velocities and densities. We also examine and discuss the importance of the energy window of the detector.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 1st revision, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Vertical characteristics of radar reflectivity and DSD parameters in intense convective clouds over South East South Asia during the Indian Summer monsoon: GPM observations
Creators: name: Kumar, Shailendra
name: Silva, Yamina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Global precipitation measurement (GPM) launched in February 2014 as a legacy of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Both satellites carry precipitation radar (PR), which measures the three-dimension structure of precipitation from space. Compared to TRMM PR, GPM has dual-polarized radar (DPR) and provides the raindrop size distribution (DSD) including mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm, in mm) and normalized DSD scaling parameter for concentration (Nw, in mm–1 m–3) (DSD parameters), along with radar reflectivity factor (Ze) from the surface to 21.875 km. Here we investigated the regional differences in intense convective clouds over South East & South Asia (SESA) and explored the differences in the East and West coast of India, by selecting the various areas. We defined two types of clouds, namely Cumulonimbus towers (CbTs) and intense convective clouds (ICCs) based on the Ze and height thresholds. CbTs must consist of 20 dBZ at 12 km, with echo base height less than 3 km, where ICCs are classified based on Ze threshold at 8 km (ICC8) and 3 km (ICC3). The average vertical profiles of CbTs indicate a strong west to east gradient, as the west side/coast of India has intense CbTs, with higher hydrometeors size, and decreases at east side/coast of India. The results reveal that the western side of India (Western Himalaya Foothills and Western Ghats) consists of fewer CbTs, but they are more intense. ICC3s are distributed nearly uniformly over the SESA but show the regional differences in Ze and DSD parameters in the vertical profiles. Despite various height and Ze thresholds used in the present study, WHF has the strongest vertical profile for all type of cloud cells, and indicate the importance of specific features and orographic modulated flow. The hydrometeors size is highest over Western Himalaya Foothills and least over the Bay of Bengal. Hydrometeors concentration shows the north-south gradient and higher over oceanic areas. Two coastal areas, Western Ghats and Myanmar show the different characteristics. Western Ghats CbTs are more intense, with higher hydrometeors size, whereas Myanmar has weaker convection and consists of small-sized hydrometeors. Hydrometeors size and concentration show the opposite characteristics, as hydrometeors size is higher for intense average Ze profiles, whereas hydrometeors concentration is less for intense average Ze profiles.
Quando ci si mette il photobombing planetario
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Secondo un nuovo studio della Nasa, quando gli scienziati puntano un telescopio spaziale verso un esopianeta, la luce che il telescopio riceve potrebbe essere contaminata dalla luce di altri pianeti nello stesso sistema stellare e si potrebbero quindi “perdere” esopianeti potenzialmente abitabili. Nell’articolo, l’autore ha suggerito alcuni modi per evitare e mitigare questo photobombing
Una luna per Polymele
Creators: Albino Carbognani
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Grazie all'osservazione di un’occultazione stellare si è scoperto che l’asteroide troiano Polymele possiede un piccolo satellite. Si tratta di uno degli asteroidi che saranno oggetto della missione Lucy della Nasa. L’individuazione di questo satellite è importante perché ci aiuterà a capire meglio la natura dei misteriosi asteroidi troiani di Giove
Le nevicate sottomarine di Europa
Creators: Albino Carbognani
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Nei mari polari terrestri è possibile la formazione di neve sottomarina che, spinta dalla forza di Archimede, si accumula sotto le piattaforme di ghiaccio che ricoprono i poli. Un nuovo studio mostra che lo stesso meccanismo potrebbe essere all'opera su Europa, la luna ghiacciata del pianeta Giove, dove si nasconde uno degli oceani più estesi di tutto il Sistema solare
X-ray tomography system to investigate granular materials during mechanical loading
Creators: name: Athanassiadis, Athanasios G
name: La Rivière, Patrick J.
name: Sidky, Emil
name: Pelizzari, Charles
name: Pan, Xiaochuan
name: Jaeger, Heinrich M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We integrate a small and portable medical x-ray device with mechanical testing equipment to enable in-situ, non-invasive measurements of a granular material's response to mechanical loading. We employ an orthopedic C-arm as the x-ray source and detector to image samples mounted in the materials tester. We discuss the design of a custom rotation stage, which allows for sample rotation and tomographic reconstruction under applied compressive stress. We then discuss the calibration of the system for 3d computed tomography, as well as the subsequent image reconstruction process. Using this system to reconstruct packings of 3d-printed particles, we resolve packing features with 0.52 mm resolution in a (60 mm)$^3$ field of view. By analyzing the performance bounds of the system, we demonstrate that the reconstructions exhibit only moderate noise.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Nel deserto dei nettuniani delle stelle più brillanti
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Gli astronomi della Uc Berkeley hanno scoperto un pianeta simile a Nettuno attorno a una stella di tipo A. Si chiama Hd 56414 b, ha un raggio 3,7 volte quello della Terra e orbita attorno alla stella ogni 29 giorni, a una distanza pari a un quarto della distanza tra la Terra e il Sole. Il sistema ha circa 420 milioni di anni e si trova molto vicino al confine del deserto dei nettuniani caldi. Tutti i dettagli su ApJ Letters
Regular Consumption from Fast Food Establishments Relative to Other Restaurants Is Differentially Associated with Metabolic Outcomes in Young Adults
Creators: name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Duffey, Kiyah J.
name: Steffen, Lyn M.
name: Jacobs, David R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Although away-from-home eating is adversely associated with weight, other comorbidities have not been examined; therefore, we sought to determine the associations of fast food (e.g. Wendy's, McDonalds) and restaurant (sit-down style) consumption (times per week) with weight and multiple metabolic outcomes, including homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference, and plasma triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). We used 3 waves of data (exam y 7, 10, and 20) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, a prospective cohort study of black and white young adults [aged 25–42 y in 1992–93, n = 3643 (men, 1659; women, 1984)]. Individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) quartile of baseline (defined as the mean of y 7 and 10) fast food consumption had higher y 20 weight [adjusted mean (95% CI): 5.6 kg (CI, 2.1, 9.2); P = 0.002], HOMA-IR [0.9 (CI, 0.4, 1.3); P < 0.001], waist circumference [5.3 cm (CI, 2.8, 7.9); P < 0.000], TG concentrations [0.25 mmol/L (CI, 0.10, 0.40), 22.7 mg/dL (CI, 9.1, 36.3); P = 0.001], and lower HDL-C concentrations [−0.014 mmol/L (CI, −0.215, −0.067), 5.4 mg/dL (CI, −8.3, −2.6); P < 0.000]. Baseline restaurant consumption was unrelated to y 20 outcomes. Adjusted change in weekly restaurant (P < 0.05) and fast food intake (P < 0.001) was associated with 13-y changes in body weight [0.09 kg (CI, 0.02, 0.17) and 0.15 kg (CI, 0.06, 0.24), respectively] and waist circumference [0.08 cm (CI, 0.02, 0.14) and 0.12 cm (CI, 0.04, 0.20), respectively]. Fast food consumption may be an important target for the prevention of adverse metabolic health outcomes.
Dry Cereals Fortified with Electrolytic Iron or Ferrous Fumarate Are Equally Effective in Breast-fed Infants
Creators: name: Nelson, Steven E.
name: Ziegler, Ekhard E.
name: Fomon, Samuel J.
name: Jeter, Janice M.
name: Theuer, Richard C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Precooked, instant (dry) infant cereals in the US are fortified with electrolytic iron, a source of low reactivity and suspected low bioavailability. Iron from ferrous fumarate is presumed to be more available. In this study, we compared a dry infant rice cereal (Cereal L) fortified with electrolytic iron (54.5 mg iron/100 g cereal) to a similar cereal (Cereal M) fortified with ferrous fumarate (52.2 mg Fe/100 g) for efficacy in maintaining iron status and preventing iron deficiency (ID) in breast-fed infants. Ascorbic acid was included in both cereals. In this prospective, randomized double-blind trial, exclusively breast-fed infants were enrolled at 1 mo and iron status was determined periodically. At 4 mo, 3 infants had ID anemia and were excluded. Ninety-five infants were randomized at 4 mo, and 69 (36 Cereal L, 33 Cereal M) completed the intervention at 9 mo. From 4 to 9 mo, they consumed daily one of the study cereals. With each cereal, 2 infants had mild ID, a prevalence of 4.2%, but no infant developed ID anemia. There were no differences in iron status between study groups. Iron intake from the study cereals was (mean ± SD) 1.21 ± 0.31 mg⋅kg−1⋅d−1 from Cereal L and 1.07 ± 0.40 mg⋅kg−1⋅d−1 from Cereal M. Eleven infants had low birth iron endowment (plasma ferritin < 55 μg/L at 2 mo) and 54% of these infants had ID with or without anemia by 4 mo. We conclude that electrolytic iron and ferrous fumarate were equally efficacious as fortificants of this infant cereal.
Danzando nella costellazione dell’Acquario
Creators: Redazione Eso
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Il Very Large Telescope dell'Eso ha ripreso il risultato di una spettacolare collisione cosmica: la galassia Ngc 7727. Questo gigante è nato dalla fusione di due galassie, un evento iniziato circa un miliardo di anni fa. Al centro si trova la coppia di buchi neri supermassicci più vicini mai trovati, due oggetti destinati a fondersi in un buco nero ancora più massiccio
Aguas Zarcas e la formazione dei meteoriti
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Nel gennaio 2019, la sonda Osiris-Rex della Nasa ha inviato immagini di un fenomeno geologico che nessuno aveva mai visto prima: pietre scagliate nello spazio direttamente dalla superficie dell'asteroide Bennu. Ora, un nuovo studio pubblicato su Nature Astronomy mostra la prima evidenza di un fenomeno di questo tipo nel meteorite Aguas Zarcas, conservato al Field Museum di Chicago
Disformal Theories of Gravity: From the Solar System to Cosmology
Creators: name: Sakstein, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is concerned with theories of gravity that contain a scalar coupled both conformally and disformally to matter through the metric. By systematically deriving the non-relativistic limit, it is shown that no new non-linear screening mechanisms are present beyond the Vainshtein mechanism and chameleon-like screening. If one includes the cosmological expansion of the universe, disformal effects that are usually taken to be absent can be present in the solar system. When the conformal factor is absent, fifth-forces can be screened on all scales when the cosmological field is slowly-rolling. We investigate the cosmology of these models and use local tests of gravity to place new constraints on the disformal coupling and find $\mathcal{M}>\mathcal{O}(\textrm{eV})$, which is not competitive with laboratory tests. Finally, we discuss the future prospects for testing these theories and the implications for other theories of modified gravity. In particular, the Vainshtein radius of solar system objects can be altered from the static prediction when cosmological time-derivatives are non-negligible.
description: References and footnotes added. Typo in equation (3.23) fixed; constraints and figures updated accordingly. Results unchanged. 31 pages, six figures
Lehrvertragsauflösung aufgrund "falscher Berufswahl" : eine qualitative Untersuchung zum Berufswahlprozess im Kanton Schwyz
Creators: name: Signer, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2016
Subjects: 158: Angewandte Psychologie
370: Bildung und Erziehung

description: Die berufliche Grundbildung ist für junge Berufsleute von zentraler Bedeutung. Jedes Jahr werden viele neue Lehrverträge abgeschlossen, aber auch Lehrverträge aufgelöst. Folgen einer Lehrvertragsauflösung ergeben sich für alle Beteiligten, speziell aber für die betroffenen jungen Menschen. Ein Auflösungsgrund ist die „falsche Berufswahl“. Aus Sicht der Berufsberatung ist dieser Grund besonders interessant, da dies den Kern der Berufswahl und damit die Arbeit der Berufsberatung betrifft. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit befasst sich mit Hintergründen für die Lehrvertragsauflösungen aufgrund falscher Berufswahl sowie mit Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten im Berufswahlprozess aus Sicht der betroffenen Personen. Um den Einzelfällen gerecht zu werden, wurde die qualitative Methode gewählt. Ergänzt wird diese Masterarbeit mit Statistiken zu Lehrverträgen und Lehrvertragsauflösungen aus dem Kanton Schwyz.
Betelgeuse convalescente, dopo il botto del 2019
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Analizzando i dati del telescopio spaziale Hubble e di molti altri osservatori, gli astronomi hanno concluso che Betelgeuse nel 2019 ha perso una parte consistente della sua superficie in seguito a una gigantesca espulsione che ha rilasciato una massa 400 miliardi di volte superiore a quella di una tipica espulsione coronale di massa del Sole. È qualcosa che non si era mai visto prima in una normale stella
Temporal resolution criterion for correctly simulating relativistic electron motion in a high-intensity laser field
Creators: name: Arefiev, Alexey V.
name: Cochran, Ginevra E.
name: Schumacher, Douglass W.
name: Robinson, Alexander P. L.
name: Chen, Guangye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle-in-cell codes are now standard tools for studying ultra-intense laser-plasma interactions. Motivated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in sub-critical plasmas, we examine temporal resolution requirements that must be satisfied to accurately calculate electron dynamics in strong laser fields. Using the motion of a single electron in a perfect plane electromagnetic wave as a test problem, we show surprising deterioration of the numerical accuracy with increasing wave amplitude $a_0$ for a given time-step. We go on to show analytically that the time-step must be significantly less than $λ/c a_ 0$ to achieve good accuracy. We thus propose adaptive electron sub-cycling as an efficient remedy.
title: M. D’Abbiero (a cura di), “Per un’etica del piacere”, Guerini Scientifica, Milano 2010
Creators: name: Rossi , Francesco Maria
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2010

description: B@belonline vol. 9 Scienza e sapienza nel Medioevo. Agostinismo e aristotelismo a confronto
Killing tensors of generalized Lense-Thirring space-time
Creators: name: Sadeghian, Saeedeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of a probe particle moving on d-dimensional generalized Lense-Thirring metric. This space-time is different from the slowly rotating Myers-Perry black hole at second order in rotation parameters. We show that the dynamics of the probe particle along the time-like geodesic of the generalized Lense-Thirring space-time is super-integrable and has more constants of motion with respect to the same dynamics on Myers-Perry black hole. We also discuss the second rank Killing tensors associated with the generalized Lense-Thirring metric.
description: 5 pages, the published version
Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with amplitude-dependent Wadati potentials
Creators: name: Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex Wadati-type potentials of the form $V(x)=-w^2(x) + iw_x(x)$, where $w(x)$ is a real-valued function, are known to possess a number of intriguing features, unusual for generic non-Hermitian potentials. In the present work, we introduce a class of nonlinear Schrödinger-type problems which generalize the Wadati potentials by assuming that the base function $w(x)$ depends not only on the transverse spatial coordinate but also on the amplitude of the field. Several examples of prospective physical relevance are discussed, including models with the nonlinear dispersion or with the derivative nonlinearity. The numerical study indicates that the generalized model inherits the remarkable features of standard Wadati potentials, such as the existence of continuous soliton families, the possibility of symmetry-breaking bifurcations when the model obeys the parity-time symmetry, the existence of constant-amplitude waves, and the eigenvalue quartets in the linear-instability spectra. Our results deepen the current understanding of the interplay between nonlinearity and non-Hermiticity and expand the class of systems which enjoy the exceptional combination of properties unusual for generic dissipative nonlinear models.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; accepted for Phys. Rev. E
The Cosmic-Ray Induced Sputtering Process On Icy Grains
Creators: name: Arslan, Özgün
name: Hocuk, Seyit
name: Caselli, Paola
name: Küçük, İbrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In molecular cloud cores, the cosmic ray (CR) induced sputtering via CR ion-icy grain collision is one of the desorption processes for ice molecules from mantles around dust grains. The efficiency of this process depends on the incident CR ion properties as well as the physicochemical character of the ice mantle. Our main objective is the examination of the sputtering efficiency for H$_2$O and CO ices found in molecular cloud cores. In the calculation routine, we consider a multi-dimensional parameter space that consists of thirty CR ion types, five different CR ion energy flux distributions, two separate ice mantle components (pure H$_2$O and CO), three ice formation states, and two sputtering regimes (linear and quadratic). We find that the sputtering behavior of H$_2$O and CO ices is dominated by the quadratic regime rather than the linear regime, especially for CO sputtering. The sputtering rate coefficients for H$_2$O and CO ices show distinct variations with respect to the adopted CR ion energy flux as well as the grain size-dependent mantle depth. The maximum radius of the cylindrical latent region is quite sensitive to the effective electronic stopping power. The track radii for CO ice are much bigger than H$_2$O ice values. In contrast to the H$_2$O mantle, even relatively light CR ions ($Z \geq 4$) may lead to a track formation within the CO mantle, depending on ${\rm S_{\rm e,eff}}$. We suggest that the latent track formation threshold can be assumed as a separator between the linear and the quadratic regimes for sputtering.
Many-body correlations of quasiparticle random-phase approximation in nuclear matrix element of neutrinoless double-beta decay
Creators: name: Terasaki, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the correlations of the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) significantly reduce the nuclear matrix element (NME) of neutrinoless double-beta decay by a new mechanism in the calculation for $^{150}$Nd $\rightarrow$ $^{150}$Sm. This effect is due mainly to the normalization factors of the QRPA ground states included in the overlap of intermediate states, to which the QRPA states based on the initial and final ground states are applied. These normalization factors arise according to the definition of the QRPA ground state as the vacuum of quasibosons. Our NME is close to those of other groups in spite of this new reduction effect because we do not use the proton-neutron pairing interaction usually used for reproducing the experimental NME of the two-neutrino double-beta ($2νββ$) decay. Our method can repeoduce the experimental $2νββ$ NME for $^{150}$Nd $\rightarrow$ $^{150}$Sm with the quenching axial-vector current coupling without approacing the breaking point of the QRPA. The consistency of QRPA approaches taking different virtual paths under the closure approximation is also discussed, and an extension of the QRPA ground state is proposed.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, calculation corrected, a new section added
Un universo di suoni
Creators: Claudia Mignone
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Aumenta la popolarità delle sonificazioni di dati astronomici, sia nella divulgazione che nella pratica di ricerca: tra i benefici, l'accessibilità per non vedenti e ipovedenti e un potenziale di nuove scoperte per l'intera comunità. Ma si può fare di più in termini di valutazione, disseminazione e formazione. Sono i risultati di una review dedicata all'uso di questa metodologia, pubblicata oggi su Nature Astronomy
Hack the Planets, vincono tre ricercatori dell’Inaf
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Novantatré anni in tre, tutti esperti di intelligenza artificiale e ricercatori all’Inaf di Bologna, Leonardo Baroncelli di Bagno a Ripoli, Ambra Di Piano di Arona e Antonio Addis di Sassari si sono aggiudicati il primo posto nell’hackaton sull’impiego del machine learning in astrofisica di Hack the Science 2022, sviluppando una rete neurale per il riconoscimento automatico di crateri marziani
Cooperative Maneuvers of Highly Automated Vehicles at Urban Intersections: A Game-theoretic Approach
Creators: name: Koopmann, Björn
name: Puch, Stefan
name: Ehmen, Günter
name: Fränzle, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose an approach how connected and highly automated vehicles can perform cooperative maneuvers such as lane changes and left-turns at urban intersections where they have to deal with human-operated vehicles and vulnerable road users such as cyclists and pedestrians in so-called mixed traffic. In order to support cooperative maneuvers the urban intersection is equipped with an intelligent controller which has access to different sensors along the intersection to detect and predict the behavior of the traffic participants involved. Since the intersection controller cannot directly control all road users and - not least due to the legal situation - driving decisions must always be made by the vehicle controller itself, we focus on a decentralized control paradigm. In this context, connected and highly automated vehicles use some carefully selected game theory concepts to make the best possible and clear decisions about cooperative maneuvers. The aim is to improve traffic efficiency while maintaining road safety at the same time. Our first results obtained with a prototypical implementation of the approach in a traffic simulation are promising.
Artemis 1, un cubesat mapperà il ghiaccio lunare
Creators: Guido Sbrogiò
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Lunar IceCube è un piccolo satellite incluso nel payload a bordo della capsula Orion che verrà lanciata con lo Space Launch System della Nasa nella prima missione del programma Artemis. Il lancio è previsto per la fine di agosto. Lunar IceCube studierà il ghiaccio lunare e la distribuzione dell’acqua sulla Luna, raccogliendo dati per le future missioni di insediamento umano
Cosmological Perturbations in Antigravity
Creators: name: Oltean, Marius
name: Brandenberger, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the evolution of cosmological perturbations in a recently proposed Weyl-symmetric theory of two scalar fields with oppositely-signed conformal couplings to Einstein gravity. It is motivated from the minimal conformal extension of the Standard Model, such that one of these scalar fields is the Higgs while the other is a new particle, the dilaton, introduced to make the Higgs mass conformally symmetric. At the background level, the theory admits novel geodesically-complete cyclic cosmological solutions characterized by a brief period of repulsive gravity, or "antigravity", during each successive transition from a Big Crunch to a Big Bang. We show that despite the necessarily wrong-signed kinetic term of the dilaton in the full action, its cosmological solutions are stable at the perturbative level.
description: 15 pages, a few references added
Eating and aging: Trends in dietary intake among older Americans from 1977–2010
Creators: name: Poti, J. M.
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Johnston, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We examined trends from 1977–2010 in calorie, macronutrient, and food group intake among US adults 55 and older.
Cognitive function in a middle aged cohort is related to higher quality dietary pattern 5 and 25 years earlier: The cardia study
Creators: name: Sidney, S.
name: Steffen, L. M.
name: He, K.
name: Launer, L.
name: Meyer, K. A.
name: Jacobs, David R.
name: Whitmer, R. A.
name: Zhu, N.
name: Yaffe, K.
name: Reis, J. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Preserving cognitive function is an important public health issue. We investigated whether dietary pattern associates with cognitive function in middle-age.
Anderson Localization of Matter Waves in 3D Anisotropic Disordered Potentials
Creators: name: Piraud, Marie
name: Sanchez-Palencia, Laurent
name: Van Tiggelen, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a cutoff-free formulation of the coherent transport theory, we show that the interference terms at the origin of localization strongly affect the transport anisotropy. In contrast to the common hypothesis, we then find that the anisotropies of incoherent and coherent diffusion are significantly different, in particular at criticality. There, we show that the coherent transport anisotropy is mainly determined by the properties of the disorder-averaged effective scattering medium while the incoherent transport contributions become irrelevant.
Così gli asteroidi disegnarono la Terra
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Una nuova ricerca della Curtin University basata sullo studio della composizione degli isotopi dell'ossigeno in cristalli di zircone rinvenuti nel cratone Pilbara, in Australia occidentale, ha fornito la prova più convincente che i continenti della Terra siano stati formati da impatti di meteoriti giganti, particolarmente diffusi durante i primi miliardi di anni della storia del nostro pianeta
Dietary isoflavones differentially induce gene expression changes in lymphocytes from postmenopausal women who form equol as compared with those who do not
Creators: name: Fischer, Leslie M.
name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Pop, Elena A.
name: Niculescu, Mihai D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Human and animal studies suggest that dietary soy isoflavones reduce cancer risk, ameliorate postmenopausal syndrome and decrease bone resorption in postmenopausal women. The capacity to form the metabolite equol from daidzein is suggested as an important modulator of response to isoflavones; this capacity depends on gut colonization with appropriate bacteria. We administered a dietary supplement containing high-dose purified soy isoflavones (genistein, 558 mg/day; daidzein, 296 mg/day; and glycitein, 44 mg/day) to 30 postmenopausal women for 84 days and collected peripheral lymphocytes at timed intervals. Using microarray analysis, we determined whether changes in gene expression associated with this treatment support existing hypotheses as to isoflavones' mechanisms of action. Expression of a large number of genes was altered by isoflavone treatment, including induction of genes associated with cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and cell differentiation and decreased expression of genes associated with cyclin-dependent kinase activity and cell division. We report that isoflavone treatment in subjects who have the capacity to produce equol differentially affects gene expression as compared with nonproducers, supporting the plausibility of the importance of equol production. In general, isoflavones had a stronger effect on some putative estrogen-responsive genes in equol producers than in nonproducers. Our study suggests that, in humans, isoflavone changes are related to increased cell differentiation, increased cAMP signaling and G-protein-coupled protein metabolism and increased steroid hormone receptor activity and have some estrogen agonist effects; equol-production status is likely to be an important modulator of responses to isoflavones.
Un Pevatron per Fermi
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Grazie al telescopio spaziale a raggi gamma Fermi della Nasa, analizzando 12 anni di dati, è stata individuata una sorgente di protoni a energie dell’ordine del milione di miliardi di elettronvolt: un residuo di supernova a 2600 anni luce di distanza, nella costellazione di Cefeo. Sembrerebbe trattarsi, quindi, di un Pevatron. Tutti i dettagli su Physical Review Letters
Vitamin E forms inhibit IL-13/STAT6-induced eotaxin-3 secretion by up-regulation of PAR4, an endogenous inhibitor of atypical PKC in human lung epithelial cells
Creators: name: Moreland, Michelle
name: Jiang, Qing
name: Wagner, James G.
name: Peden, David B.
name: Wang, Yun
name: Illek, Beate
name: Ames, Bruce N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Eotaxin-3 (CCL-26), a potent chemokine for eosinophil recruitment and contributing significantly to the pathogenesis of asthma, is secreted by lung epithelial cells in response to T helper 2 cytokines including interleukin 13 (IL-13). Here we showed that vitamin E forms, but not their metabolites, differentially inhibited IL-13-stimulated generation of eotaxin-3 in human lung epithelial A549 cells. The relative inhibitory potency was γ-tocotrienol (γ-TE) (IC50 ~15 μM) > γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol (IC50 ~25-50 μM) > α-tocopherol. Consistent with suppression of eotaxin, γ-TE treatment impaired IL-13-induced phosphorylation of STAT6, the key transcription factor for activation of eotaxin expression, and consequently blocked IL-13 stimulated DNA-binding activity of STAT6. In search of the upstream target of γTE by using inhibitor and siRNA approaches, we discovered that the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) signaling, instead of classical PKC, p38 MAPK, JNK or ERK, played a critical role in IL-13-stimulated eotaxin generation and STAT6 activation. While showing no obvious effect on aPKC expression or phosphorylation, γ-TE treatment resulted in increased expression of PAR4, an endogenous negative regulator of aPKCs. Importantly, γ-TE treatment led to enhanced formation of aPKC/PAR4 complex that is known to reduce aPKC activity via protein-protein crosstalk. Our study demonstrated that γ-TE inhibited IL-13/STAT6-activated eotaxin secretion via up-regulation of PAR4 expression and enhancement of aPKC-PAR-4 complex formation. These results support the notion that specific vitamin E forms may be useful anti-asthmatic agents.
Conjugate Addition/Ireland−Claisen Rearrangements of Allyl Fumarates:  Simple Access to Terminally Differentiated Succinates
Creators: name: Bausch, Cory C.
name: Johnson, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to allyl fumarates with subsequent Ireland–Claisen rearrangement has been accomplished yielding substituted unsymmetrical succinic acid derivatives. This one-pot reaction creates two new carbon–carbon bonds at contiguous stereogenic centers. The reaction proceeds for several alkylzinc reagents and substituted allyl fumarates. The products contain distinguishable functional handles for further manipulation.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Allenes
Creators: name: Tarselli, Michael A.
name: Gagné, Michel R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Gold(I) complexes react with 4-allenyl arenes in an exo fashion to furnish vinyl-substituted benzocycles. Phosphite gold(I) monocations were found to be optimal, and the catalyst was tolerant of ethers, esters, and pyrroles. Reactions proceeded in unpurified solvent at room temperature.
Meteoriti: dal retro di un asteroide fino al suolo
Creators: Claudia Mignone
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Un'analisi di oltre seicento meteoriti provenienti dalla frammentazione dell'asteroide 2008 Tc3, schiantatosi 14 anni fa sopra il deserto del Sudan, ha svelato come queste piccole rocce riescano a sopravvivere alla violenta fase di meteora attraverso l'atmosfera. Lo studio indica che le porzioni localizzate sul lato posteriore di un asteroide in caduta verso il nostro pianeta hanno una maggiore possibilità di preservarsi e raggiungere il suolo
Hubble Frontier Field Free-Form Mass Mapping of the Massive Multiple-Merging Cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745
Creators: name: Diego, Jose M.
name: Broadhurst, Tom
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Lam, Daniel
name: Lim, Jeremy
name: Ford, Holland C.
name: Zheng, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the latest data on the cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745 from the Hubble Frontier Fields campaign. The critically lensed area is the largest known of any lens and very irregular making it a challenge for parametric modelling. Using our Free-Form method we obtain an accurate solution, identify here many new sets of multiple images, doubling the number of constraints and improving the reconstruction of the dark matter distribution. Our reconstructed mass map shows several distinct central substructures with shallow density profiles, clarifying earlier work and defining well the relation between the dark matter distribution and the luminous and X-ray peaks within the critically lensed region. Using our free-form method, we are able to meaningfully subtract the mass contribution from cluster members to the deflection field to trace the smoothly distributed cluster dark matter distribution. We find 4 distinct concentrations, 3 of which are coincident with the luminous matter. The fourth peak has a significant offset from both the closest luminous and X-ray peaks. These findings, together with dynamical data from the motions of galaxies and gas will be important for uncovering the potentially important implications of this extremely massive and intriguing system.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Matches the verson submitted to mnras. New table (A2) included with additional system candidates
title: A. Gehlen, “L’uomo. La sua natura e il suo posto nel mondo”, Mimesis, Milano-Udine 2010
Creators: name: Pezzano , Giacomo
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2010

description: B@belonline vol. 9 Scienza e sapienza nel Medioevo. Agostinismo e aristotelismo a confronto
Synthesis of Uridine 5′-diphosphoiduronic Acid: A Potential Substrate for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparin
Creators: name: Liu, Jian
name: Green, Dixy E.
name: Chen, Miao
name: Weïwer, Michel
name: Linhardt, Robert J.
name: DeAngelis, Paul L.
name: Sherwood, Trevor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: An improved understanding of the biological activities of heparin requires structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides. The chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides relies on glycosyltransferases that use UDP-sugar nucleotides as donors. Uridine 5′-diphosphoiduronic acid (UDP-IdoA) and uridine 5′-diphosphohexenuronic acid (UDP-HexUA) have been synthesized as potential analogues of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) for enzymatic incorporation into heparin oligosaccharides. Non-natural UDP-IdoA and UDP-HexUA were tested as substrates for various glucuronosyltransferases to better understand enzyme specificity.
title: A review of WBRT outcomes in a high-EGFR mutation rate population: Does QUARTZ apply in Asia?
Creators: name: Ng, Ivy
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Lung
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Patterns of Care
subject: Metastases

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Lung cancer is the most common primary site of brain cancers Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is commonly used to treat brain metastases (BM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a recent randomized trial (QUARTZ) 1 showed that its...
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Locked Carbocyclic Analogues of 1,3-Diazepinone Riboside, a High-Affinity Cytidine Deaminase Inhibitor
Creators: name: Wolfenden, Richard
name: Ludek, Olaf R.
name: Schroeder, Gottfried K.
name: Liao, Chenzhong
name: Russ, Pamela L.
name: Marquez, Victor E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Cytidine deaminase (CDA) catalyzes the deamination of cytidine via a hydrated transition-state intermediate that results from the nucleophilic attack of zinc-bound water at the active site. Nucleoside analogues where the leaving NH3 group is replaced by a proton and prevent conversion of the transition state to product are very potent inhibitors of the enzyme. However, stable carbocyclic versions of these analogues are less effective as the role of the ribose in facilitating formation of hydrated species is abolished. The discovery that a 1,3-diazepinone riboside (4) operated as a tight-binding inhibitor of CDA independent of hydration provided the opportunity to study novel inhibitors built as conformationally locked, carbocyclic 1,3-diazepinone nucleosides to determine the enzyme’s conformational preference for a specific form of sugar pucker. This work describes the synthesis of two target bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides, locked as north (5) and south (6) conformers, as well as a flexible analogue (7) built with a cyclopentane ring. The seven-membered 1,3-diazepinone ring in all the three targets was built from the corresponding benzoyl-protected carbocyclic bis-allyl ureas by ring-closing metathesis. The results demonstrate CDA’s binding preference for a south sugar pucker in agreement with the high-resolution crystal structures of other CDA inhibitors bound at the active site.
Evaluation of convex roof entanglement measures
Creators: name: Toth, Geza
name: Moroder, Tobias
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a powerful method to compute entanglement measures based on convex roof constructions. In particular, our method is applicable to measures that, for pure states, can be written as low order polynomials of operator expectation values. We show how to compute the linear entropy of entanglement, the linear entanglement of assistance, and a bound on the dimension of the entanglement for bipartite systems. We discuss how to obtain the convex roof of the three-tangle for three-qubit states. We also show how to calculate the linear entropy of entanglement and the quantum Fisher information based on partial information or device independent information. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by concrete examples
description: 6 pages including 3 figures, 6-page supplement with 2 figures, revtex4; v2: typos corrected, presentation improved, title shortened. For the CoRoNa MATLAB package for convex roof numerical analysis, which has been used for the manuscript, see http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/47823-corona-convex-roof-numerical-analysis
On fast Generation of Cosmological Random Fields
Creators: name: Carron, Julien
name: Wolk, Melody
name: Szapudi, Istvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical translation invariance of cosmological random fields is broken by a finite survey boundary, correlating the observable Fourier modes. Standard methods for generating Gaussian fields either neglect these correlations, or are costly, or both. Here we report on a fast and exact simulation method applicable to a wide class of two-point statistics that requires the simulation of a periodic grid of only twice the survey side with fast Fourier transforms. Super-survey modes, dominating the covariance of power spectra beyond linear scales in galaxy surveys and causing the correlation of large and small scales, "beat coupling", or "super-sample" covariance, are precisely accounted for in non-linear transformations of the Gaussian field. As an application, we simulate the CFHTLS $\sim 7^\circ \times 7^\circ$ W1 galaxy density field, modeled as a Poisson sampling of a lognormal density field. We show that our simulations produce power spectra, $A^*$-power spectra, counts-in-cells probability distributions as well as covariances perfectly consistent with the data. In addition, our technique reproduces the information plateau beyond linear scales as observed previously in Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy catalogs and in $N$-body simulations. Our method is thus an efficient yet powerful simulation and prediction tool for galaxy survey data and covariances.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, matches version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Uniformization in the Digital Age
Creators: name: Kamneva-Wortmann, Anna
Publisher: name: ZoneModa Journal
Year: 2023

description: This paper introduces the concept of uniformization within the theoretical framework of sartorial networks. The model of sartorial networks deals with self-organized vestimentary cultures and is designed to analyze spatiotemporal dynamics of persistence and innovation in the field of postmodern vestimentary fashions, in particular in the Digital Age. It is derived from interdisciplinary research within the tension field of fashion, media, communication and network studies. Postmodern trend pluralism is often linked to mass individualization, whereby groups or individuals are unable to articulate either their shared identity or distinction by means of sartorial practices in the media-infused culture of style bricolage and trend revivals. In contrast to these theoretical positions defining fashion in terms of differentiation and time/innovation, the approach suggested in this paper empathizes the aspects of uniformity/similarity and the importance of spatial stabilization within the framework of the fashion mechanism. Uniformization will be described as a process of connecting individuals in space through similarity. Using examples of contemporary everyday fashion trends, it will be shown that bottom-up organized networks of uniformity can emerge as unplanned structures undermining norms, regulations, or dictates, and producing recognizable patterns of conformity based on scattered activity of several participants with equal agency.
description: ZoneModa Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1S (2023): Fashion Now!
title: Typical and atypical imaging findings of acute appendicitis
Creators: name: Wooding, Troy
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Inflammation
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Emergency
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To review the pathogenesis and variable clinical features of acute appendicitis. 2. To illustrate and describe both typical and atypical imaging features of acute appendicitis, including stump appendicitis and tip appendicitis, particularly...
Superconductivity at 4K in Pd deficient layered Ta_2Pd_xS_6
Creators: name: Tiwari, Brajesh
name: Prasad, Babu Baijnath
name: Jha, Rajveer
name: Singh, Dharmendra Kumar
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here in this short note, we report on the low dimensional 4d and 5d transition metals-chalcogenide based compounds i.e., Ta2PdxS6, showing semiconducting to superconducting transition around 4K with upper critical field outside Pauli paramagnetic limit. It seems couple of different superconducting phases do exist in these new set of compounds. Our short note in this regards is thought provoking, asking to explore various unearthed possible superconducting phases in (Nb/Ta)2Pdx(S/Se/Te)y systems.
description: 2 pages short note: Superconductivity at 4K in Ta2PdxS6