cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Understanding women's self-promotion detriments
Creators: name: Moss-Racusin, Corinne Alison
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Although self-promotion is necessary for career success, women experience backlash (i.e., social and economic penalties) for this behavior because it violates female gender stereotypes (Rudman, 1998). Moreover, women who fear backlash have difficulty with self-promotion, relative to men (Moss-Racusin & Rudman, 2010). The goal of this dissertation was to test the author’s backlash avoidance model (BAM), with the expectation that women’s beliefs that self-promotion violates female gender stereotypes lead them to fear backlash for this behavior, which in turn undermines their self-promotion abilities. Moreover, it was expected that the relationship between fear of backlash and self-promotion success would be at least partially mediated by self-regulatory focus (Crowe & Higgins, 1997) and perceived entitlement (Babcock & Laschever, 2003). To examine these ideas, Study 1 (N = 300) compared male and female participants’ performance on an essay-writing self-promotion task. As expected, women reported higher levels of fear of backlash and lower levels of self-promotion success than men. Gender differences were also observed for the mediator variables, such that women experienced less promotion focus and entitlement and more prevention focus than men. Additionally, results of structural equation modeling (SEM) supported a modified BAM, whereby gender was found to predict fear of backlash (replacing the perceived gender stereotypicality of self-promotion). As expected, fear of backlash then interrupted women’s self-promotion success, via reduced promotion focus and entitlement, and enhanced prevention focus. Study 2 examined the consequences of this process by testing self-promoting women’s propensity to enact backlash against other female self-promoters. Female participants (N = 115) self-promoted during a videotaped mock job interview before making judgments of other self-promoters. Results were not supportive of predictions that women who self-promoted well would not penalize another self-promoting woman. Moreover, in contrast to extensive previous research (see Rudman & Phelan, 2008, for a summary), there was no evidence of backlash against female self-promoting targets (both among participants who completed the self-promotion task and those in a control condition who simply rated the self-promoting targets). Possible explanations for these null results, as well as implications of the BAM for women’s professional advancement, are discussed.
Anchylomera Milne-Edwards 1830
Creators: name: Zeidler, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Phrosinidae
Anchylomera

description: Genus Anchylomera Milne­Edwards, 1830
Anchylomera Milne­Edwards, 1830: 394.
Hieraconyx Guérin­Méneville, 1836b: 4–5.
Cheiropristis Natale, 1850: 8.
Type species
Anchylomera blossevillii Milne­Edwards, 1830. Type material could not be found at the MNHN or ANSP and is considered lost.
Diagnosis
Body length up to 11 mm, but usually 6–8 mm. Head globular. Pereonites 1 & 2 fused. Pereopods 3 & 4 subchelate, with large tooth­like carpal process. Pereopod 5 with very broad articles; carpus with distal margin with short, rounded teeth, forming perfect folding hand with propodus. Pereopod 6 prehensile, with dilated carpus. Pereopod 7 reduced to basis and at least two additional articles, sometimes complete. Gills with folds. Monotypic.
description: Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2004, A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 567 on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259734
Synthesis of the 16-membered BCD ring of complestatin and halogenation of the tryptophan indole
Creators: name: Mootoosammy, Davena
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Complestatin is a natural product that has demonstrated inhibition activity against HIV-1 integrase and initiation of the complement pathway. Though its biological activity is proven, the total synthesis of the molecule is challenging in many ways.   In this thesis the synthetic strategy taken for the partial synthesis of the BCD ring fragment of Complestatin is described. Part of the synthetic studies on the BCD ring involves using the mild conditions to limit isomerization of the sensitive phenylglycine subunits. This was achieved by using DEPBT and HATU as coupling reagents that limit epimerization during condensation. Oxidative phenol coupling is used to form a biaryl ether bond between the L-tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylglycine subunits to synthesize the BCD ring. Previous syntheses to form this bond require the functionalization of the subunits. It is our goal to limit the synthesis by decreasing the amount to steps necessary to form the BCD ring, which is accomplished using this method. Our synthesis of the BCD ring is 6 steps from 4-hydroxyphenylglycine, with approximately 10% overall yield. The investigation into the synthesis of Complestatin evolves around the synthesis of 6-bromotryptophan. In order to limit the amount of steps in the total synthesis, the project for the facile synthesis of 6-bromotryptophan was undertaken. It was found that the Boc protecting group on the amino group provided efficient protection of the 2-position on the indole, leading to the formation of   5-bromotryptophan. The synthesis of the TMC-95A southern fragment was also accomplished through a series of peptide couplings.
Сутність та особливості формування іншомовної  компетентності в діалогічному мовленні в студентів немовних спеціальностей
Creators: name: Гавришків, Наталія Богданівна
name: Грибеник, Оксана Ігорівна
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: діалог, діалогічне мовлення, іншомовна компетентність в діалогічному мовленні, студенти немовних спеціальностей

description: Статтю присвячено проблемі формування іншомовної компетентності в діалогічному мовленні в студентів немовних спеціальностей. Її метою є визначення характерних особливостей діалогічного мовлення як форми комунікації та обґрунтування сутності іншомовної компетентності в діалогічному мовленні студентів немовних спеціальностей. У результаті дослідження визначено ключові особливості діалогічного мовлення як виду комунікативної діяльності, зокрема психологічні (мотивованість, ситуативність, експресивність, двосторонній характер) та мовно-комунікативні (вільне синтаксичне оформлення, переважання простих і неповних речень, наявність спільної ситуації, вживання позамовних засобів). На основі цих особливостей визначено сутність іншомовної компетентності в діалогічному мовленні, що виявляється у здатності до комунікативної діяльності у формі діалогу між двома чи більше особами з метою обміну інформацією. Її формування у студентів неповних спеціальностей передбачає низку етапів, починаючи від набуття елементарних вмінь реплікування до розвитку комплексних вмінь укладання діалогів різних функціональних типів.
Disparities in Rates & Impact of Tobacco and Marijuana Use in UCLA Primary Care
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: With the recent legalization of marijuana use in California, rates of marijuana use and frequent tobacco use and co-use are expected to increase. Little is known about how tobacco and marijuana use and co-use may affect health and use of emergency health services such as emergency room visits or hospitalizations. This project builds a group of primary care patients across the UCLA Health primary care system to assess rates of tobacco and marijuana use over an 18-month period of time to understand how they affect health conditions and emergency care, especially among vulnerable populations. The timeliness of this work is critical. UCLA Health is large, covering 2,500 square miles and serving 703,056 unique patients/year, thereby facilitating evaluation of the effect that tobacco and marijuana use and co-use have upon vulnerable populations including patients from minority race/ethnicity, poverty, sexual orientation backgrounds and by neighborhood. Primary care providers (PCP) will be given provider and patient support tools in the electronic medical record for patients who screen positive for tobacco use or marijuana use disorders, including patient education on reducing tobacco and harmful marijuana use and referral to treatment if indicated to clinic/community referral resources. A novel component will allow us to identify geographic areas in Los Angeles with elevated rates of tobacco and marijuana use in UCLA patients and the geographic characteristics to understand how vulnerable populations might be adversely affected by tobacco and cannabis. We have assembled a team comprised of patients, physicians, addiction experts, nurses, information technology experts, epidemiologists, healthcare leaders, and researchers across the UCLA system who have indicated willingness to collaborate on this project. This work will serve as a springboard to developing brief screening intervention for all UCLA Health primary care patients who admit tobacco and marijuana use, and to building UCLA-community coalitions to develop interventions to assist neighborhoods and vulnerable patient populations in Los Angeles that have elevated rates of tobacco and marijuana use and poor health outcomes related to their use.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BARLEY AND PYRENOPHORA TERES HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS
Creators: name: Clare, Shaun James
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Association Mapping
Barley
Hybrid Susceptiblity
Net Blotch
Reciprocal Viruelnce
Plant Sciences

description: Net blotch is a globally important pathogen of barley, causing economic loss worldwide due to 10-40% yield reduction or quality degradation when susceptible varieties are grown under conditions conducive to disease development. There are two forms of net blotch, termed net form net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) and spot form net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm). In addition, Ptm has recently been reported to infect wheat, exhibiting symptomology resembling the closely related pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causing the wheat disease tan spot. Previously, the limited analysis of barley-Ptm genetic interactions suggested limited overlaps with Ptt, thus it was suggested that the two pathosystems should be considered separate. However, the data presented here shows that there are several overlapping resistance/susceptibility loci between the two pathosystems, thus this recommendation may not be entirely correct. Over 500 barley loci have been reported in respect to Ptm and Ptt resistance or susceptibility using association or biparental mapping. These 500+ loci were collapsed into 73 consensus loci with 34 loci overlapping between the two forms of net blotch. Subsequently, association mapping was performed in wild and landrace barley against both Ptm and Ptt identifying 14 loci, four of which are novel. The first association mapping was also performed on 127 Ptm isolates inoculated on 30 barley accessions identifying 30 pathogen virulence loci, 26 of which are novel, including one that exhibits reciprocal virulence on different barley genotypes. Subsequently, candidate gene identification was performed for the reciprocal virulence locus designated Pyrenophora teres f. maculata Disease inducing effector 1 (PtmDie1) by performing genome assembly of the Ptm isolate 13IM8.3. Lastly, biparental mapping was conducted on an F2 mapping population exhibiting hybrid susceptibility designated the Susceptibility to Pyrenophora teres 2 (Spt2) gene despite the utilization of two resistant parents. The locus was mapped to a 249 kb region of the Morex reference genome assembly containing two candidate genes.
Native Americans in colonial New England and the modern world-system
Creators: name: Moore, Joseph Price
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation explores through what means, and with what effects on their societies, Native Americans in colonial New England were incorporated into the capitalistic Modern World-System. To do so, it draws from a wide range of primary sources, including a database of over 600 “Indian Deeds” collected from throughout New England.  To these raw materials, the dissertation applies French neo-Marxist structuralist theories and Wallersteinian and post-Wallersteinian World-System theories.  One particular original contribution is  an  hypothesis applying the theories of articulation-of-modes-of-production and social reproduction for how Indians were drawn into the fur trade and lost many of their lands to whites as a consequence.  Also investigated herein is the step-by-step subsumption of the lives of the Indians under the colonial governmental structures and the exploitation of  Indians, once separated from their means of production, as “servants” by English colonists.
Effects of Smoking on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dysfunction and Hematologic Cancers
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Blood cancers arise from a genetically modified stem cell in the bone marrow. These mutant blood stem cells possess a selective advantage for survival over the normal stem cells in a hostile environment such as inflammation. This transformed stem cell, known as a clone, will then give rise to several blood cells also carrying the mutation, a process termed as “clonal hematopoiesis.” A prolonged inflammatory environment can drive the process of acquiring a mutant stem cell, thus increasing the risk for blood cancer. The presence of these mutant clones has also been found to increase the risk for heart disease.
 Smoking continues to cause a significant number of cancer-related deaths and is implicated in the development of myeloproliferative neoplasm. E-cigarette use has exploded in recent years while their long-term health effects are unknown.
 We hypothesize that the components of combustible cigarette smoke and E-cigarette smoke, induce an inflammatory and oxidative environment in the bone marrow that causes depletion of normal blood stem cells but not mutant stem cells. Myeloproliferative neoplasm is a blood cancer that is characterized by overproduction of red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets. We will make use of this model to study the mechanisms of smoke induced changes in bone marrow stem cells and how a common mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasm can aggravate heart disease in the presence of smoke. We demonstrated that bone marrow cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract show increased oxidative stress and reduced growth capacity when compared to untreated cells. We also have data that smoking history significantly aggravates the symptom burden of myeloproliferative neoplasm patients when compared to never-tobacco user patients. In this context, it is important to improve our understanding on how tobacco and E-cigarette smoke impact the leukemic process.
 Our ultimate goal is to translate our research findings to invest in efforts that will lead to more aggressive counseling for smoking/tobacco use cessation in myeloproliferative neoplasm patients and their family members. Our findings will identify how tobacco- and E-cigarette smoke induced inflammation can alter the blood stem cells and this will be applicable in terms of preventive measures and therapies to reduce inflammation and thus the pre-disposal to cancer and heart disease.
Anchylomera blossevillii Milne-Edwards
Creators: name: Zeidler, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Phrosinidae
Anchylomera
Anchylomera blossevillii

description: Anchylomera blossevillii Milne­Edwards
Anchylomera blossevillii Milne­Edwards, 1830: 394.
Anchylomera hunterii Milne­Edwards, 1830: 394.
Hieraconyx abbreviatus Guérin­Méneville, 1836b: 5–6, pl. 17, figs 2, 2a–f.
Cheiropristis messanensis Natale, 1850: 8–12, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Anchylomera purpurea Dana, 1853: 1001–1004, pl. 68, figs 9a–m.
Anchylomera thyropoda Dana, 1853: 1004–1005, pl. 68, fig. 10.
Anchylomera antipodes Bate, 1862: 322–323, pl. 51, figs 9–10.
Type material Type material of A. blossevillei is considered lost (see above).
Type material of synonyms
Type material of A. hunterii could not be found at the MNHN or ANSP and is considered lost.
Three syntype females of H. abbreviatus are in the ANSP (CA2684), in the Guérin­ Méneville collection (no. 440): once alcohol preserved, now dry (see Zeidler 1997).
Type material of C. messanensis could not be located at any major Italian museum (see acknowledgments) and is considered lost.
Type material of A. purpurea and A. thyropoda could not be located at the USNM and is considered lost.
Type material of A. antipodes could not be located at the BMNH or MNHN and is considered lost.
Remarks
This is a very distinctive species that is often found in great numbers and is known to form swarms (Lobel & Randall 1986, Young & Anderson 1987).
Its association with gelatinous plankton has not been confirmed. Risso (1826) recorded it as an associate of pyrosomes and Harbison et al. (1977) record it as prey, not as a parasite, of the siphonophore, Forskalia tholoides.
Distribution A very common cosmopolitan species favouring tropical and temperate regions.
description: Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2004, A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 567 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5259734
At the Intersection of social inequity: Tobacco use disparities among diverse LGBTQ adolescents
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Over the last two decades, rates of adolescent tobacco use among the general population have decreased dramatically. However, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) adolescents continue to smoke at significantly higher rates than those who are not LGBTQ. There is some evidence to suggest that LGBTQ adolescents of color may use tobacco at even higher rates than those who are LGBTQ and non-Hispanic, white, though data are limited. These higher rates are thought to be driven by the additional discrimination and stress experienced by people with more than one disadvantaged social position (being a sexual and gender minority and a racial/ethnic minority), yet researchers rarely study how these “intersectional” minority identities shape tobacco use. Addressing these gaps are critical in California where more than half of all middle and high school students are non-White and more than 10% are LGBTQ. This postdoctoral fellowship aims to address these gaps by analyzing data collected from 2013-2018 from more than 2 million students across California to study differences and trends in tobacco use at the intersection of sexual orientation and gender identity, race/ethnicity, and class and test a conceptual model of the factors influencing greater use among diverse LGBTQ adolescents. This study and the proposed postdoctoral training goals will help the candidate to (1) specialize in tobacco health disparities research focused on LGBTQ adolescents, developing the skills needed to emerge as a field leader and (2) provide the data necessary to develop interventions to prevent tobacco use among diverse groups of LGBTQ adolescents.
Organizing for regime change
Creators: name: Montgomery, Samonne Monique
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Since the 1990s in Los Angeles, working class residents have crossed ethnic, religious, and spatial divides to form working class coalitions aimed at enacting social, economic, and environmental justice. This trend, referred to as community unionism, challenges elites‘ narrow distribution of scarce public resources by fighting for community-driven reforms that advance the interests of broadly-shared prosperity (Tattersall, 2010; Reynolds, 1999). Using document analysis and semi-structured interviews, I analyze three broad-based community-labor coalitions that emerged in Los Angeles between 2000 and 2010 to understand how urban governance has changed – both as a result of the progressive community‘s recent coalition building efforts and as a result of the ways in which L.A.‘s broader power structure, itself, has evolved. Specifically, I ask the following questions: (1) what factors account for the three coalitions‘ emergence and relative success and (2) to what extent has a broad-based community-labor power bloc emerged, consolidated, and became robust enough to successfully challenge the agenda of L.A.‘s historically-powerful elite regime? This case study of progressive, working class activism in Los Angeles conveys detailed interpretations of specific coalition phenomena and also offers broader theoretical implications about the contemporary nature of urban governance in America. I argue that a number of complex endogenous and exogenous factors significantly undermined the strength of L.A.‘s elite governing coalition since the 1980s. Simultaneously, Los Angeles‘ progressive community organized diligently to become an active player in the region‘s governing coalition. There has not, however, been a distinct transition from an elite regime to a stable progressive regime. I conclude that L.A.‘s progressive community may deepen its capacity to govern if it continues to: improve race relations, create a culture of authentic internal democracy, overcome resource constraints, coordinate progressive electoral politics, and bridge institutional fragmentation.
Development of allosteric inhibitors against a molecular target (IKK)
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: DNA sequence analysis of lung cancers (LC) revealed that patients with a history of smoking had accumulated a significantly larger number of mutations in a selective number of genes than non-smoking patients. This is consistent with the fact that smokers experience a far greater number of cancer incidences than non-smokers. Not surprisingly, genes that are frequently mutated in LC patients due to cigarette smoke (CS) are involved in cell division and survival. One of the critical genes that is impacted in lung cancer and inflammation is known as IkappaB kinase (IKK). Activation of IKK is essential for the generation of active NF-κB, an important protein that regulates the expression of a large number of cell division, survival and inflammatory genes. Uncontrolled and untimely activity of IKK is seen in different cancer cells including lung cancer. Many of the genes mutated in LC render IKK constitutively active. In addition, CS directly activates IKK by an unknown mechanism. It was thought that reduction of IKK activity using small molecule inhibitors could be a strategy to combat cancer and other diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although many inhibitors were developed, none turned out to be a drug. The lack of knowledge of how IKK is activated might be one of the reasons for this failure. This proposal plans to investigate the IKK activation mechanism at a molecular level and then develop inhibitors that will block IKK activation but not its global catalytic activity.
 We hypothesized a possible activation mechanism which is supported by preliminary experiments. We have further performed an initial screen of a small molecule library and identified lead IKK inhibitors. We identified the inhibitor binding site in IKK and showed that these new inhibitors are different from ones previously reported. This proposal has devised experiments to elucidate the detailed mechanism of IKK activation by CS and by molecules released normally by cells. At the same time, other experiments have been planned to improve the quality of the inhibitors. To test the effectiveness of these current and new inhibitors, we will use lung cancer cells generated from patients with a history of smoking. In the future, we hope to use one or more of the inhibitors developed in this study to be tested in animal models of LC.
Application of SDP to product rules and quantum query complexity
Creators: name: Mittal, Rajat
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: In recent years, semidefinite programming has played a vital role in shaping complexity theory and quantum computing. There have been numerous applications ranging from estimating quantum values, over approximating combinatorial quantities, to proving various bounds.  This work extends the use of semidefinite programs (SDPs) to proving product rules and to characterizing quantum query complexity. In the first application, we provide a general framework to establishing product rules for quantities that can be expressed (or   approximated) using SDPs. We use duality theory to give product rules, which bound the value of the ``product'' of two problems in terms of their value. Some previous results have implicitly used the properties of SDPs to give such product rules. Here we give sufficient and necessary conditions under which these approaches work, thereby enabling us to capture these previous results under our unified framework. We also include a discussion about   alternate definitions of what a ``product'' means and how they fit into our approach. The second application provides an SDP characterization of quantum query complexity, which is one of the ways in which complexity of a   function can be measured. It is known that quantum query complexity can be lower bounded by the so-called ``adversary method'' which is expressible as a semidefinite program. Recently, Ben Reichardt showed  that the adversary method leads to a tight lower bound for boolean functions by converting the solution of this SDP (of adversary method) into an algorithm. We show   that a related SDP, called ``witness size'' in this thesis, provides a tight bound on the quantum query complexity of non boolean functions (total as well as partial).  This witness size SDP is also used to give composition results for quantum query complexity. We also show that the witness size is bounded by a   constant multiple of the adversary bound. Finally, we briefly explore whether other convex programming paradigms can be useful in complexity theory. One of them is copositive programming.  We show that one of the recent result about parallel repetition of unique games, by Barak et.al., can be interpreted as an application of copositive programming.
Selectin-targeted glycocalyx mimetic as a treatment for pulmonary inflammation
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by obstruction and destruction of lung tissue due to inflammation. COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States and has been strongly linked with cigarette smoking, accounting for over 95% of cases in the developed world. Dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs), the cells that line all blood vessels in the human body, is associated with many diseases including COPD. A key feature of EC dysfunction is the loss of the glycocalyx, a thin, protective layer that lines the EC surface. Glycocalyx loss increases exposure of cell adhesion molecules such as selectins, which causes immune cells such as neutrophils to linger, or arrest, on the ECs, leading to inflammation. EC dysfunction is present in lung blood vessels of early COPD patients and has been shown to be associated with severity of disease. We have previously developed a glycocalyx mimetic (termed EC-SEAL) designed to bind overexpressed selectin and discourage excessive neutrophil binding, thereby blunting the inflammatory response and creating a healthier endothelial state. Preliminary data suggests EC-SEAL does indeed bind to selectin on inflamed ECs and results in decreased neutrophil arrest. We therefore hypothesize that EC-SEAL can lessen the degree of fibrosis in affected lung tissue. To test this hypothesis, we will first optimize EC-SEAL such that it binds selectin with high affinity and remains resident on the EC surface during continuous flow, mimicking blood flow. We will employ cell co-culture systems to recapitulate the relationship between airway cells and ECs and expose this system to cigarette smoke to investigate how EC-SEAL impacts the health of the tissue. We will then use our molecule in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation. We will quantify our findings by measuring degree of tissue damage and levels of inflammatory molecules released by lung cells. Through these means we aim to determine the effectiveness of EC-SEAL as a treatment for inflammatory lung diseases such as COPD.
D1.1 EFRA Requirements Roadmap
Creators: name: Hürriyetoğlu, Ali
name: van der Velden, Bas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This deliverable describes a roadmap created by the EFRA consortium and the requirements for releasing this roadmap. We first provide details of the requirements of the proposed roadmap in Chapters 3-6. Next, analysis and requirements of the use-cases that are part of the EFRA project are provided in Chapter 7. Finally, the roadmap of the project is provided in terms of outcome tables in Chapter 8. The basis of the presented roadmap is reported in the Annexes in terms of literature surveys and additional details at the end of this document.
VIP smoking cessation intervention for adults with serious mental illness
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The majority of people with serious mental illness (SMI) smoke cigarettes. They are heavier smokers, have more severe withdrawal symptoms, lower quit rates, poorer health and die about 25 years earlier than those without SMI. Smoking is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for early death and disability in the SMI population. Even though their motivation to quit smoking is high, their success rate is poor due to limited access to effective cessation treatment. Current programs for smokers with SMI include a combination of counseling and medications. Adding physical activity to the smoking cessation program may help with cessation but there is not enough research evidence to support this approach yet. Our team has data from several studies that suggest the use of a videogame-based physical activity program is an accessible and effective method to improve mental health, increase physical activity, decrease social isolation, and improve health among people with SMI. One strategy to improve smoking cessation outcomes is to provide treatments that help with cessation concerns (e.g., anxiety, cravings) while improving health outcomes. In this proposed study in a sample of 60 adults with SMI, we will: 1) Examine the feasibility and acceptability of a smoking cessation intervention that includes: a) VIP intervention: VIdeogame-based Physical activity intervention (50 minutes, 3X/week for 12 weeks) b) pharmacotherapy (bupropion), and c) smoking cessation counseling; 2) Estimate the efficacy of the VIP intervention group compared to the control group (CG) (sedentary video games, pharmacotherapy, and smoking cessation counseling) by smoking reduction, days of non-smoking, and 7-day point prevalence tobacco abstinence at 6 and 12 weeks; and 3) Determine whether participants in the VIP group have greater reduction in number and severity of psychiatric symptoms compared to controls.
Gauguin, Gilgamesh, and the modernist aesthetic allegory
Creators: name: McBryan, Jennifer Mary
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation explores Paul Gauguin's Noa Noa (“fragrant” in Tahitian), a fictionalized “memoir” of his first journey to French Polynesia, which includes a transformative episode recounting a trip into the forest to collect wood for carving into sculptures.  In Gauguin scholarship, this episode has provoked speculation because of the eroticized way in which the artist describes his relationship with his young Tahitian male guide on the expedition; several scholars have argued that this episode of Noa Noa is designed to trouble conventional bourgeois boundaries, while others have offered sharp postcolonial critiques. I offer a different reading of this episode, arguing that the forest journey in Noa Noa replays the journey to the cedar forest in the myth of Gilgamesh, and that the artist’s transplantation of this ancient Assyrian epic to a Polynesian setting adds a new layer to our understanding of the transnational and transhistorical nature of Gauguin's primitivism.  I argue that as a painter in search of total artistic freedom, Gauguin used Gilgamesh to write into Noa Noa an allegory of aesthetic pursuit and to refashion himself as what Roland Barthes would call an "anachronic subject."   This dissertation begins with a discussion of Gauguin's complicated mimetic behavior, positing him as an artist who is suspended between Romantic and Modernist aesthetic modes.  It traces the lineage and development of Noa Noa as a multigeneric text drawing on many traditions simultaneously.  It then proceeds to explore the discovery and translation of the Epic of Gilgamesh by French and English archaeologists and scholars in the nineteenth century, working as part of a larger imperialistic project fueled by nationalistic sentiment.  It is within this context that my dissertation turns to the text of Noa Noa itself, comparing key passages with the Gilgamesh epic and demonstrating how these passages dramatize symbolically what Gauguin struggled to achieve aesthetically on canvas.  I conclude that what has come to be known as the Woodcutter Episode in Noa Noa is not just about Gauguin's homoerotic desire for his Tahitian guide; it is about Gauguin's symbolic desire for fusion between thought and form in the work of art.
Impact of Chronic Cannabis Exposure on Metabolic Health and Disease
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Scientific and clinical evidence indicates that tobacco smoking is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing type-2 diabetes. The 2014 Surgeon General's report states that “The risk of developing diabetes is 30-40% higher for active smokers” and “There is a positive dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and the risk of developing diabetes”. In light of this shocking data, we ask: Is cannabis exposure associated with a similar dysregulation of glucose homeostasis and promotion of type-2 diabetes? Indeed, California recently legalized recreational use of cannabis; however, the impact of chronic activation of the cannabinoid system in health and a variety of tobacco-related pathologies – including type-2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases – is largely unknown and the focus of our project. Chemical constituents of cannabis (i.e., delta-9 THC) activate cannabinoid receptors on cells throughout the body and control energy homeostasis. Studies from our lab and others suggest that cannabinoid receptor signaling becomes dysregulated in diet-induced metabolic dysfunction (e.g., hyperglycemia associated with type-2 diabetes). We will investigate the impact of chronic cannabis exposure on metabolic health and disease, and the role for cannabinoid receptor signaling along the intestinal-pancreatic glucose regulatory axis in these processes. First, we will examine the impact of THC or whole cannabis oil extract exposure daily for up to 60 days on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and feeding behavior in hyperglycemic obese mice or lean mice. Second, we will assess the impact of these cannabinoids on expression and function of the endocannabinoid system in the intestine and pancreas using novel biochemical and analytical tools. Third, we will assess the impact of THC exposure on nutrient-induced release of incretins from small intestine – which control glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion from the pancreas – in lean and obese mutant mice that conditionally lack CB1Rs in small-intestinal epithelial cells that secrete incretins. The knowledge gained will aid in guiding science-based public policy associated with the impact of acute and chronic cannabis use in health and disease.
The effects of the Proposed $2 tobacco tax on cigarettes
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In 2010-2011, the investigator developed several statistical relationships that predicted smoking behavior, cigarette tax receipts, and health care expenditures due to cigarette smoking in California. These relationships were used to forecast the effects of a proposed one dollar increase in the cigarette tax in California over the years 2012 to 2016. This research will update those forecasts in order to model the effect of a proposed two dollar increase in the California cigarette tax, to be imposed in 2017, on smoking behavior, cigarette tax receipts, and health care expenditures for the years 2017 to 2020. The statistical relationships that were estimated for the previous research still predict California smoking behavior and health care expenditures relatively well. Therefore, we will calculate the forecasts using the previously estimated statistical relationships. The method used to estimate smoking prevalence has changed since the previous research, though recent evidence indicates that this change in measurement method affects the level of the estimated prevalence, but not in the changes of prevalence over time. Therefore, the formal forecast will be for changes in prevalence due to the proposed increase in the cigarette tax. Also, the state specific measure of health care expenditure that is of most interest to policy analysts and required for the proposed forecasts, produced by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) has not been updated since 2009, and therefore we cannot forecast that measure of health care expenditure. We can forecast a closely related measure produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The CMS and BEA measures have long had a very strong and stable statistical relationship, therefore we will forecast the BEA measure of health care expenditure and use that to forecast the CMS measure. We will carefully analyze the changes in each time series in order to produce accurate forecasts of changes attributable to changes in the California cigarette tax. A methodologically sound approach is to adapt the model to forecast changes in the outcome variables (such as smoking behavior) associated with a tax increase, and do a careful statistical analysis of the data to arrive at the best forecast of the levels of the outcome variables.
Impact of cigarette taxes on healthcare expenditures in CA
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This study will update the previous work by Max, Sung, and Lightwood that projected the Impact of Changes in Tobacco Control Funding on Healthcare Expenditures in California, 2012-2016. In that study, we estimated of the impact of changes in California tobacco control funding on smoking-attributable healthcare expenditures for 2012-2016 under four funding scenarios: unchanged tobacco control spending in California at the level of 5 cents per pack (base case), funding cut in half, a cigarette tax increase of $1.00 per pack with 20 cents per pack allocated to tobacco control, and tobacco control funding increased to the CDC recommended level. This study will update the previous analyses by incorporating newer smoking prevalence data to project the impact on smoking prevalence and healthcare expenditures that would result in 2016-2020 under two scenarios: a base case (no change in the cigarette tax) and a $2.00 per pack tax increase implemented on January 1, 2017 with 26 cents per pack to be allocated to the California Tobacco Control Program. The study has 2 aims. The first aim is to project light, moderate, and heavy smoking prevalence for California for 2016-2020 under the two scenarios. The second aim is to project the smoking-attributable healthcare expenditures for 2016-2020 under the two scenarios, and determine the savings in healthcare expenditures that would result if the tax increase is implemented. These aims will be accomplished using the regression estimates from our previous research updated with the newest data available. This special project is responsive to TRDRP's research priority area in State and Local Tobacco Control Policy Research: To support research that advances the ability of state agencies, legislative bodies, and local communities through California to assess, understand and implement science-based tobacco control policies. Our analyses of the impact of an increase in the cigarette tax on smoking prevalence and healthcare expenditures will help state agencies and policymakers to argue more effectively for its passage, and will help persuade voters to support the increase.
Implications of intraspecific behavioral interactions onthe evolution of the mbuna cichlids of Lake Malawi andthe effects of a small class intervention on a group ofat-­‐risk undergraduate students
Creators: name: Mellor, David Thomas
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The rock-dwelling cichlids of Lake Malawi, the mbuna, are a model system of rapid, sympatric diversification of vertebrates. Though sexual selection has often been invoked to explain their radiation, the best evidence to date suggests that female choice and male-male interactions act to reinforce incipient, allopatric divergence upon secondary contact. First, I expand on the evidence previously gathered on male-male interactions at the inter-population level, by examining within-population behavioral patterns that could explain the diversification of this lineage.  Specifically, I measure female preference for conspecific males who are in social isolation  and those who are in groups of interacting males. I found that females show preference for males who score higher in male-male contests. In chapter two, I measure the effect of these male-male interactions on female choice  and show that these interactions do affect female preference. By controlling the outcome of each male-male interaction, I show that female preference is affected by the male-male contests themselves. In chapter three, I  measure the reflectance of brightly colored, territorial males and look for a correlation between color-similarity and level of aggression between two males. Males show more aggression towards similarly colored conspecific rivals than they do towards rivals who are more differently colored. In chapter four, I measure male reproductive success and the chromatic, behavioral, and territorial traits that affect it. Male color does predict reproductive success. Given my desire to integrate scholarship into every aspect of my academic career, I undertake an investigation on students who are at risk for leaving college because of low academic performance. I describe the social and psychological issues affecting the high rate of college attrition and the effects of a small scale class intervention on student retention, GPA, locus of control, and academic self-efficacy.
Trends in Smoking Behavior & Lung Cancer in California
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In 2010, we published a peer reviewed manuscript that reported forty year (1962-2002) trends in smoking prevalence and per capita consumption in California compared to the rest of the nation. This study also reported the lung cancer rates over the same period. In the 1960s, California had a higher smoking prevalence as well as higher per capita cigarette consumption. However, on these measures, it dropped below the rest of the nation by 1971. The lung cancer rate in the state was also higher than the rest of the nation throughout the 1960s and 70s. However, lung cancer rate became lower than the rate for the rest of the nation in 1987, a lag of 16 years after the inversion of per capita cigarette consumption. These findings demonstrated strong support for the early tobacco control interventions in California. In this paper, we also noted that the implementation of the California Tobacco Control Program in 1989 was associated with per capita consumption declining at a much faster rate in California than the rest of the nation; indeed there was a doubling of the annual size of the gap in per capita consumption. However, while California has maintained its Tobacco Control program (albeit at lower per capita expenditure levels than earlier), and social norms against tobacco in the state appear to have remained particularly high, California is an anomaly when it comes to arguably one of the most important tobacco control strategies, the regular increase of state excise taxes. From 2000 to 2015, California was one of only three states not to increase taxes while, in the same period, 27 states increased their tax rate by over $1. In this update to the 2010 paper, we will test whether the more rapid declines in smoking behaviors in California continued through the first 14 years of the new millennium. Our analysis will differ from our previous paper as, after 2002, taxed sales data no longer provided a good estimate of per capita consumption in the United States as many smokers (particularly in the rest of the nation) sought out non-state-taxed sources for their cigarettes. Therefore, we will substitute estimated per capita consumption from large national survey data and test its validity. We will then update the per capita cigarette consumption data from the 2010 paper through 2014 (or most recent survey available). We will also update the comparison in the trends in lung cancer rates between California and the rest of the nation.