cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Leadership Styles, Organizational Politics and Employees` Commitment in Selected Public and Private Organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Muo, Ik
name: Abosede, Adebiyi J.
name: Ekpudu, Jonathan Ehimen
name: Amole, Bilqis Bolanle
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2019

description: The study examined leadership styles, organizational politics and employee’s commitment using selected private and public organizations in Lagos state as case studies. To achieve its objectives, it probed the direct relationship that exists between organizational politics and the leadership styles used in both private and public organization and as well as the extent to which employees’ commitment depends on leadership styles and organizational politics in both private and public organization. A descriptive survey was employed using a sample size of 112 respondents. The main research instrument used was questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency and percentages; while a one-way ANOVA and regression statistical analyses were used to test the study’s hypotheses. Results from the hypotheses tested revealed a major arithmetical relationship between leadership styles and employees’ commitment; also between organizational politics and employees’ commitment in both public and private organizations in Lagos state, in addition that organizational politics and leadership styles used in both public and private organization have significant difference in their respective abilities to entrust employees’ commitment. The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between leadership styles and the level of employees’ commitment in both private and public organization and that a positive relationship also exists between organizational politics and the level of employees’ commitment in both public and private organization in Lagos State. The study therefore recommended that the management should embrace situational leadership approach to attract employees’ commitment and that they should employ workers who have potential to adjust and adapt to their organizational and political culture. Key words: Organizational politics; Employee commitment; Leadership styles; Affective commitment.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 9, No 1 (2019): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Subsurface Characteristics of Metal-Halide Perovskites Polished by Argon Ion Beam
Creators: name: Hsu, Yu-Lin
name: Li, Chongwen
name: Jones, Andrew C.
name: Pratt, Michael T.
name: Chowdhury, Ashif
name: Yan, Yanfa
name: Yoon, Heayoung P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques have been frequently used to section metal-halide perovskites for microstructural investigations. However, the ion beams directly irradiated to the sample surface may alter the properties far different from pristine, potentially leading to modified deterioration mechanisms under aging stressors. Here, we combine complementary approaches to measure the subsurface characteristics of polished perovskite and identify the chemical species responsible for the measured properties. Analysis of the experimental results in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations indicates that atomic displacements and local heating occur in the subsurface of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by glazing Ar+ beam irradiation (15 nm by 4 kV at 3 degree). The lead-rich, iodine-deficient surface promotes rapid phase segregation under thermal aging conditions. On the other hand, despite the subsurface modification, our experiments confirm the rest of the MAPbI3 bulk retains the material integrity. Our observation supports that polished perovskites could serve in studying the properties of bulk or buried junctions far away from the altered subsurface with care.
description: six figures
On the Interpretability of Attention Networks
Creators: name: Pandey, Lakshmi Narayan
name: Vashisht, Rahul
name: Ramaswamy, Harish G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attention mechanisms form a core component of several successful deep learning architectures, and are based on one key idea: ''The output depends only on a small (but unknown) segment of the input.'' In several practical applications like image captioning and language translation, this is mostly true. In trained models with an attention mechanism, the outputs of an intermediate module that encodes the segment of input responsible for the output is often used as a way to peek into the `reasoning` of the network. We make such a notion more precise for a variant of the classification problem that we term selective dependence classification (SDC) when used with attention model architectures. Under such a setting, we demonstrate various error modes where an attention model can be accurate but fail to be interpretable, and show that such models do occur as a result of training. We illustrate various situations that can accentuate and mitigate this behaviour. Finally, we use our objective definition of interpretability for SDC tasks to evaluate a few attention model learning algorithms designed to encourage sparsity and demonstrate that these algorithms help improve interpretability.
description: ACML 2022,PMLR, Volume 189, https://proceedings.mlr.press/v189/pandey23a/pandey23a.pdf
An Examination of Governance Typology in Nigeria Higher Education System
Creators: name: Lawal, Abdulazeez Abioye
name: Akingbade, Waidi Adeniyi
name: Ojodu, Hameed Omotola
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2019

description: Nigeria higher education institutions (NHEIs) are facing a number of challenges that border on corporate governance (CG) practices. CG includes the issues of autonomy and accountability. In developed and developing countries, autonomy is being extended to HEIs for flexibility in fulfilling the mandate of teaching, research and community service. This paper explores CG culture and its challenges in NHEIs. A qualitative survey research method was employed through structured interviews of selected NHEIs key stakeholders and extensive desk-based research. The results of the interviews and content analysis of operational documents of selected high ranking NHEIs revealed the adoption of corporate governance structures and processes. The study also recognised the non-existence of disclosure of CG practice. Challenges such as inadequate funding, excessive interference by government, domineering influence of unions, faulty composition of CG constituents and poor leadership are some factors affecting effective governance in these institutions. Consequently, proper funding, leadership training, empowerment of these institutions and complete and periodic disclosure of application of CG practices are recommended. Key words: Corporate governance; Nigeria higher education institutions; Stakeholders.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 9, No 1 (2019): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Modeling earthmoving operations in real time using hybrid fuzzy simulation
Creators: Seresht, Nima Gerami
Robinson Fayek, Aminah
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Predicting and optimizing performance in earthmoving operations is critical, because they are essential to many construction projects. The complexity of modeling earthmoving operations remains challenging, even with several modeling techniques available, including simulation. This paper advances the state-of-the-art of modeling earthmoving operations by introducing a hybrid fuzzy system dynamics–discrete event simulation framework with the capacity to: capture the dynamism of performance in earthmoving operations; capture subjective uncertainty of several factors affecting them; model their sequential nature and resource constraints; and determine actual travel time, in real time, using online navigation systems. Findings from this research confirm the proposed framework (i) extends the application of simulation techniques for modeling construction processes involving dynamic input variables and subjective uncertainty, through its ability to capture the non-probabilistic uncertainty of construction systems, and (ii) when combined with the use of online navigation systems to assess trucks’ travel time, improves the accuracy of earthmoving operation models.
Pervasiveness of the breakdown of self-interacting vector field theories
Creators: name: Coates, Andrew
name: Ramazanoğlu, Fethi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various groups recently argued that self-interacting vector field theories lack a well-defined time evolution when the field grows to large amplitudes, which has drastic consequences for models in gravity and high energy theory. Such field amplitudes can be a result of an external driving mechanism, or occur intrinsically, due to large values of the field and its derivatives in the initial data. This brings a natural question: is small amplitude initial data guaranteed to evolve indefinitely in these theories in the absence of an outside driving term? We answer this question in the negative, demonstrating that arbitrarily low amplitude initial data can still lead to the breakdown of the theory. Namely, ingoing spherically symmetric wave packets in more than one spatial dimensions grow as an inverse power of the radius, and their amplitudes can generically reach high enough values where time evolution ceases to exist. This simple example further establishes the pervasiveness of the pathology of self-interacting vector field theories.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Published version in PRD
The tunnel magnetoresistance in chains of quantum dots weakly coupled to external leads
Creators: name: Weymann, Ireneusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze numerically the spin-dependent transport through coherent chains of three coupled quantum dots weakly connected to external magnetic leads. In particular, using the diagrammatic technique on the Keldysh contour, we calculate the conductance, shot noise and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in the sequential and cotunneling regimes. We show that transport characteristics greatly depend on the strength of the interdot Coulomb correlations, which determines the spacial distribution of electron wave function in the chain. When the correlations are relatively strong, depending on the transport regime, we find both negative TMR as well as TMR enhanced above the Julliere value, accompanied with negative differential conductance (NDC) and super-Poissonian shot noise. This nontrivial behavior of tunnel magnetoresistance is associated with selection rules that govern tunneling processes and various high-spin states of the chain that are relevant for transport. For weak interdot correlations, on the other hand, the TMR is always positive and not larger than the Julliere TMR, although super-Poissonian shot noise and NDC can still be observed.
Learning cellular hierarchies through structured topic modeling
Creators: name: Ye, Patricia Er
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: The human immune system relies on the function and balance of various immune cell subsets and their interactions. Immune cells undergo a series of differentiation steps following a lineage-tree structure stemming from hematopoietic stem cells to reach their mature cell state. During differentiation of immune cells in both homeostasis and pathological processes, many cellular features, including gene expression patterns, are shared by fully differentiated immune cell sub-types. The process of immune cell differentiation is complex and not fully understood. Additionally, aberrant function and balance plays a major contributing role in the pathogenesis of many immunological disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus. In this thesis, I propose LaRCH, a tree-structured neural topic model as a method to quantitatively characterize shared hierarchical features between cell subsets. In this model, single-cell gene expression profiles are represented by a mixture of topics consisting of latent features that follow an underlying tree structure, mirroring the dynamics of cellular differentiation. I present findings of our model trained on simulated single-cell RNA sequencing based on cell-sorted bulk RNA-seq data and a scRNA-seq dataset of over 1.2 million cells from individuals with variable lupus disease phenotypes. The cellular topic profiles estimated by our model markedly improve cell type deconvolution accuracy over traditional methods. Trained model parameters of LaRCH illustrate cell-type specific transcriptomic differences between SLE phenotypes, revealing the contributions of multiple immune cell types in the manifestations of lupus. I also identify a number of candidate genes that may have implications in the driving mechanisms that contribute to lupus disease pathogenesis. Ultimately, LaRCH is able to capture the hierarchical context between immune cell subsets by simultaneously identifying shared and distinct latent features amongst cell subtypes within heterogeneous cell samples.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Asian Countries: An Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Erfani, G. Rod
name: Berger, Jack
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2020

description: The increasing importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the global economy manifests the efforts of countries to attract foreign investment. The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the determinants of inward FDI for a panel of Asian countries. A pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), semi-log fixed-effects (FE) regression model is utilized to analyze the determinants of FDI in a sample of six Asian countries. The balanced panel data consists of India, Singapore, China, South Korea, Turkey, and Malaysia from 1995-2013. The dependent variable is FDI net inflows. The explanatory variables include democracy, inflation, human capital, economic growth, domestic investment, trade openness, and financial development. The fixed effects regression results show all variables with exception of the financial development variable are statistically significant and have the expected sign. Key words: Foreign Direct Investment; Global Trade; Economic Growth and Development.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 10, No 1 (2020): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Service Differentiation Strategy and Organizational Performance of Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises in Lagos State
Creators: name: Akingbade, Waidi Adeniyi
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2020

description: Organization differentiate is service to achieve competitive advantage by providing a service that consumers perceived to be useful, unique and generally superior. Many organizations use service differentiation strategy to be profitable, competitive and to survive but many others neglect this strategy hence their low performance. This study empirically explored the relationship between service differentiation strategy (SDS) and organizational performance of Nigerian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos State. A survey of 249 registered SMEs with Lagos State ministry of commerce and industry across the six small scale industrial zones of the state were undertaken, while both Yamani (1967) sample size scientific formula and Sekaran (2003) population to sample size table was used to determined sample size of 152. Meanwhile, questionnaires were distributed to two executives that is owner and manager from each of the selected 152 SMEs which makes the numbers of distributed questionnaire equal to 304. Three hypotheses were tested to determine whether: channel of distribution improve customer satisfaction; a superior and more reliable aftersales service increase market share & a quality service increase organizational profitability. Questions were formulated based on the hypotheses and 304 questionnaires were distributed to two executives from each of the selected SMEs, out of which 280 of the respondents which is 92% returned duly completed and properly filled questionnaires. The research findings show that SMEs that used SDS recorded substantial progress, while those that did not had low performance and market share. The implication of the study is the need for SMEs to adapt SDS for superior results. The study recommends that SDS should be used by SMEs for improved performance, customer’s satisfaction, loyalty and retention. Further, SMEs managers, owners and executives should engage in SDS to enable their enterprises have an edge over their competitors in dynamic, turbulent and highly competitive Nigeria business environment. Key words: Service Differentiation Strategy; Organizational Performance; Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises; Lagos State, Nigeria.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 10, No 1 (2020): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Gold extraction via high-temperature chlorination
Creators: name: Kumar, Rishu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: This study explored a pyrometallurgical approach for gold extraction, utilizing chlorine gas as the chlorination agent. This high-temperature chlorination process offers distinct advantages in gold recovery. A thorough investigation into key process parameters, including chlorine partial pressure, gold particle size, temperature, and reaction time, was conducted to assess its feasibility and efficiency. Under optimal experimental conditions, remarkable gold recoveries of up to 98% were achieved. These optimal conditions were identified as follows: a chlorine gas flow rate of 60 ml/min (equivalent to a chlorine partial pressure of 0.6 atm), gold particle size within the range of 53 to 75 µm, a chlorination temperature of 1000°C, and a chlorination duration of 1 hour. Furthermore, a comprehensive kinetic analysis of the gold chlorination process was undertaken to gain a fundamental understanding of the reaction rates. This investigation employed two distinct approaches: model-free and model-fitting methods. These approaches were applied at various processing times and temperatures to provide a holistic understanding of the chlorination kinetics. Based on the activation energy values obtained from both methods, the one-dimensional diffusion model emerged as the most suitable kinetic model. The activation energy values, ranging from 18 to 24 kJ/mol, indicate that diffusion control mechanisms govern the chlorination reactions. In summary, this study showcases the potential of the high-temperature chlorination process for efficient gold extraction. The optimized conditions and the insights gained into the kinetics of the chlorination reactions contribute to the understanding and advancement of this promising method for gold recovery.
Decoding Structure-Spectrum Relationships with Physically Organized Latent Spaces
Creators: name: Liang, Zhu
name: Carbone, Matthew R.
name: Chen, Wei
name: Meng, Fanchen
name: Stavitski, Eli
name: Lu, Deyu
name: Hybertsen, Mark S.
name: Qu, Xiaohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new semi-supervised machine learning method for the discovery of structure-spectrum relationships is developed and demonstrated using the specific example of interpreting X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. This method constructs a one-to-one mapping between individual structure descriptors and spectral trends. Specifically, an adversarial autoencoder is augmented with a novel rank constraint (RankAAE). The RankAAE methodology produces a continuous and interpretable latent space, where each dimension can track an individual structure descriptor. As a part of this process, the model provides a robust and quantitative measure of the structure-spectrum relationship by decoupling intertwined spectral contributions from multiple structural characteristics. This makes it ideal for spectral interpretation and the discovery of new descriptors. The capability of this procedure is showcased by considering five local structure descriptors and a database of over fifty thousand simulated XANES spectra across eight first-row transition metal oxide families. The resulting structure-spectrum relationships not only reproduce known trends in the literature, but also reveal unintuitive ones that are visually indiscernible in large data sets. The results suggest that the RankAAE methodology has great potential to assist researchers to interpret complex scientific data, test physical hypotheses, and reveal new patterns that extend scientific insight.
Board Composition and Family Firms’ Profitability. Do Generational Stage and Performance Level Matter?
Creators: name: Sentuti, Annalisa
name: Diaz, Gail Denisse Chamochumbi
name: Cesaroni, Francesca Maria
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2020

description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, vol. 10, n. 1, 2020, 3-13 This article examines the relationship between board composition and family firms’ performance. Namely, by adopting the theoretical framework of socio-emotional wealth and analyzing a sample of Italian medium-sized family firms, we investigate how the presence of non-family directors affects their financial performance, considering the generational stage as a moderating variable. Findings suggest that a higher presence of non-family directors has a less positive effect on first-generation family firms than in later generations of family firms. Furthermore, by adopting a quantile regression, results show that this effect is more striking in low-performing family businesses than in high. Keywords: Family Businesses; Board of directors; Firm performance; Non-family directors; Corporate governance; Generational stage; First-generation family firms; Quantile regression
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 10, No 1 (2020): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Artificial Neuronal Ensembles with Learned Context Dependent Gating
Creators: name: Tilley, Matthew J.
name: Miller, Michelle
name: Freedman, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biological neural networks are capable of recruiting different sets of neurons to encode different memories. However, when training artificial neural networks on a set of tasks, typically, no mechanism is employed for selectively producing anything analogous to these neuronal ensembles. Further, artificial neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting, where the network's performance rapidly deteriorates as tasks are learned sequentially. By contrast, sequential learning is possible for a range of biological organisms. We introduce Learned Context Dependent Gating (LXDG), a method to flexibly allocate and recall `artificial neuronal ensembles', using a particular network structure and a new set of regularization terms. Activities in the hidden layers of the network are modulated by gates, which are dynamically produced during training. The gates are outputs of networks themselves, trained with a sigmoid output activation. The regularization terms we have introduced correspond to properties exhibited by biological neuronal ensembles. The first term penalizes low gate sparsity, ensuring that only a specified fraction of the network is used. The second term ensures that previously learned gates are recalled when the network is presented with input from previously learned tasks. Finally, there is a regularization term responsible for ensuring that new tasks are encoded in gates that are as orthogonal as possible from previously used ones. We demonstrate the ability of this method to alleviate catastrophic forgetting on continual learning benchmarks. When the new regularization terms are included in the model along with Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC) it achieves better performance on the benchmark `permuted MNIST' than with EWC alone. The benchmark `rotated MNIST' demonstrates how similar tasks recruit similar neurons to the artificial neuronal ensemble.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Search For Companions Of Nearby Isolated Galaxies
Creators: name: Melnyk, O. V.
name: Karachentseva, V. E.
name: Karachentsev, I. D.
name: Makarov, D. I.
name: Chilingarian, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial velocities are measured for 45 galaxies located in the neighborhoods of 29 likely isolated galaxies in a new catalog. We find that about 85% of these galaxies actually are well isolated objects. 4% of nearby galaxies with V_LG<3500 km/s are this kind of cosmic "orphan".
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
The Scale of Supersymmetry Breaking and the Dark Dimension
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Antoniadis, Ignatios
name: Cribiori, Niccolò
name: Lust, Dieter
name: Scalisi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue for a relation between the supersymmetry breaking scale and the measured value of the dark energy density $Λ$. We derive it by combining two quantum gravity consistency swampland constraints, which tie the dark energy density $Λ$ and the gravitino mass $M_{3/2}$, respectively, to the mass scale of a light Kaluza-Klein tower and, therefore, to the UV cut-off of the effective theory. Whereas the constraint on $Λ$ has recently led to the Dark Dimension scenario, with a prediction of a single mesoscopic extra dimension of the micron size, we use the constraint on $M_{3/2}$ to infer the implications of such a scenario for the scale of supersymmetry breaking. We find that a natural scale for supersymmetry signatures is $M={\cal O}\left(Λ^{1/8}\right)={\cal O}({\rm TeV})$. This mass scale is within reach of LHC and of the next generation of hadron colliders. Finally, we discuss possible string theory and effective supergravity realizations of the Dark Dimension scenario with broken supersymmetry.
description: 18 pages; v2: minor clarifications and refs added, JHEP version
Bayesian inference of neutron-star observables based on effective nuclear interactions
Creators: name: Zhou, Jia
name: Xu, Jun
name: Papakonstantinou, Panagiota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model (SHF) as well as its extension (the Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU (KIDS) model) and the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model, we have studied the constraints on the parameters of the nuclear matter equation of state (EOS) from adopted astrophysical observables using a Bayesian approach. While the masses and radii of neutron stars generally favors a stiff isoscalar EOS and a moderately soft nuclear symmetry energy, model dependence on the constraints is observed and mostly originates from the incorporation of higher-order EOS parameters and difference between relativistic and non-relativistic models. At twice saturation density, the value of the symmetry energy is constrained to be $48^{+15}_{-11}$ MeV in the standard SHF model, $48^{+8}_{-15}$ MeV in the KIDS model, and $48^{+5}_{-6}$ MeV in the RMF model, around their maximum {\it a posteriori} values within $68\%$ confidence intervals. Our study helps to obtain a robust constraint on nuclear matter EOS, and meanwhile, to understand the model dependence of the results.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Mathematical aspects of intertwining operators: the role of Riesz bases
Creators: name: Bagarello, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we continue our analysis of intertwining relations for both self-adjoint and not self-adjoint operators. In particular, in this last situation, we discuss the connection with pseudo-hermitian quantum mechanics and the role of Riesz bases.
description: Journal of Physics A, in press
Angular momentum and memory effect
Creators: name: Mao, Pujian
name: Wu, Jun-Bao
name: Wu, Xiaoning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a long-standing problem in general relativity that the notion of angular momentum of an isolated system has supertranslation ambiguity. In this paper, we argue that the ambiguity is essentially because of the gravitational wave memory. When properly subtracting the memory effect of the observer, one can introduce a supertranslation invariant definition of the angular momentum at null infinity even for dynamical process.
description: v2: interpretation improved, published version
Disputations of Tax Audit Assessments on Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) Sources in Lagos State, Nigeria: Experts' Perception
Creators: name: Akinadewo, Israel S.
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2020

description: The study appraised the most disputed by the taxpayers, of the sources of the Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) in Lagos State, Nigeria, after the tax audit exercise. Primary data through the administration of structured questionnaire on respondents was adopted. The sample size was 301, using Krejcie & Morgan (1970) formula. Personal Income Tax (PIT), Withholding Tax (WHT), Capital Gains Tax (CGT), Stamp Duties (SD), Pools, Betting, Lotteries, Gaming, and Casino Tax (PBLGCT), and Road Tax (RT), were appraised by the tax experts. The study analysed data using descriptive statistical techniques like percentages and tables. The findings revealed that Road Tax (67.8%), Capital Gains Tax (67.5%), Personal Income Tax (65.7%), and Withholding Tax (61.8%) are the most disputed sources of IGR by the taxpayers. The study recommended for the re-evaluation of tax audit process to bridge the gap of disagreement between the taxpayers and the tax auditors/tax authorities for a more efficient tax administration.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 10, No 1 (2020): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Deep learning-based method for segmenting epithelial layer of tubules in histopathological images of testicular tissue
Creators: name: Fakhrzadeh, Azadeh
name: Karimian, Pouya
name: Meyari, Mahsa
name: Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo
name: Holm, Lena
name: Sonne, Christian
name: Dietz, Rune
name: Spörndly-Nees, Ellinor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is growing concern that male reproduction is affected by environmental chemicals. One way to determine the adverse effect of environmental pollutants is to use wild animals as monitors and evaluate testicular toxicity using histopathology. Automated methods are necessary tools in the quantitative assessment of histopathology to overcome the subjectivity of manual evaluation and accelerate the process. We propose an automated method to process histology images of testicular tissue. Segmenting the epithelial layer of the seminiferous tubule is a prerequisite for developing automated methods to detect abnormalities in tissue. We suggest an encoder-decoder fully connected convolutional neural network (F-CNN) model to segment the epithelial layer of the seminiferous tubules in histological images. Using ResNet-34 modules in the encoder adds a shortcut mechanism to avoid the gradient vanishing and accelerate the network convergence. The squeeze & excitation (SE) attention block is integrated into the encoding module improving the segmentation and localization of epithelium. We applied the proposed method for the 2-class problem where the epithelial layer of the tubule is the target class. The f-score and IoU of the proposed method are 0.85 and 0.92. Although the proposed method is trained on a limited training set, it performs well on an independent dataset and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. The pretrained ResNet-34 in the encoder and attention block suggested in the decoder result in better segmentation and generalization. The proposed method can be applied to testicular tissue images from any mammalian species and can be used as the first part of a fully automated testicular tissue processing pipeline. The dataset and codes are publicly available on GitHub.
description: submitted to Journal of Medical Imaging, 16 pages, 5 figures
Concentration of measure and spectra of random matrices: Applications to correlation matrices, elliptical distributions and beyond
Creators: name: Karoui, Noureddine El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H10 (Primary)

description: We place ourselves in the setting of high-dimensional statistical inference, where the number of variables $p$ in a data set of interest is of the same order of magnitude as the number of observations $n$. More formally, we study the asymptotic properties of correlation and covariance matrices, in the setting where $p/n\toρ\in(0,\infty),$ for general population covariance. We show that, for a large class of models studied in random matrix theory, spectral properties of large-dimensional correlation matrices are similar to those of large-dimensional covarance matrices. We also derive a Marucenko--Pastur-type system of equations for the limiting spectral distribution of covariance matrices computed from data with elliptical distributions and generalizations of this family. The motivation for this study comes partly from the possible relevance of such distributional assumptions to problems in econometrics and portfolio optimization, as well as robustness questions for certain classical random matrix results. A mathematical theme of the paper is the important use we make of concentration inequalities.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP548 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Organization Vs. Strategy Towards Rethinking Management for Trajectories of Resilience in World Pandemic Post-Crisis
Creators: name: Pilotti, Luciano
name: Micheletti, Alessandra
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2020

description: The recent history of organizational modelling shows a dominant position of strategy on organization with a weakening of the former in front of growing global complexity and change all over the world. In recent years we have seen organization as “part” of strategy as a dynamic counterweights process of action able to improve managers to take decisions often decoupling them, to put them back together in better and more suitable organizational models for more dynamic stability and gaining resilience in front of innovation and change. We see in digital world – in particular - to the organization as a (quasi)-substitute for an increasingly weaker concept of strategy as linear process and an alternative and flexible solution to the failures by the logic of pure calculation of consequences (deterministic rationalism) or simple reactivity – as describe by Pavlov 100 years ago - (bound by external resources), or enclosed in the narrow spaces of a contingent intuitionism of the Bergsonian type (subjectivism and dependence on the constraints of internal resources). Analyzed rigorously by Weaver in the interaction between complexity and science because all problems which involve dealing simultaneously with a sizable number of factors which are interrelated into an organic whole that needs of a governance action both with or without information or decision. Exaptation is a model mutuated by biology able to produce solution before problems and in particular after post pandemic crisis.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 10, No 1 (2020): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Shot noise of a ferromagnetic nanowire with a domain wall
Creators: name: Abdollahipour, Babak
name: Zareyan, Malek
name: Asaadi, Nazila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study shot noise of the spin-polarized current in a diffusive ferromagnetic nanowire which contains a ballistic domain wall. We find that the existence of a short domain wall influences strongly the shot noise for sufficiently high spin-polarization of the wire. Compared to the situation of the absence of the domain wall, the shot noise can be reduced or enhanced depending on the length of the domain wall and its relative conductance.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Stabilizing a hydrogen-rich superconductor at 1 GPa by the charge-transfer modulated virtual high-pressure effect
Creators: name: Gao, Miao
name: Guo, Peng-Jie
name: Yang, Huan-Cheng
name: Yan, Xun-Wang
name: Ma, Fengjie
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
name: Xiang, Tao
name: Lin, Hai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying pressure around megabar is indispensable in the synthesis of high-temperature superconducting hydrides, such as SH$_3$ and LaH$_{10}$. Stabilizing the high-pressure phase of hydride around ambient condition is a severe challenge. Based on the density-functional theory calculations, we give the first example that the structure of hydride CaBH$_5$ predicted above 280 GPa, can maintain its dynamical stability with pressure down to 1 GPa, by modulating the charge transfer from metal atoms to hydrogen atoms via the replacement of Ca with alkali metal atoms e.g. Cs, in which the [BH$_5$]$^{2-}$ anion shrinks along $c$ axis and expands in the $ab$ plane, experiencing an anisotropic virtual high pressure. This mechanism, namely charge transfer modulated virtual high pressure effect, plays a vital role in enhancing the structural stability and leading to the reemergence of ambient-pressure-forbidden [BH$_5$]$^{2-}$ anion around 1 GPa in CsBH$_5$. Moreover, we find that CsBH$_5$ is a strongly coupled superconductor, with transition temperature as high as 98 K, well above the liquid-nitrogen temperature. Our findings provide a novel mechanism to reduce the critical pressure required by hydrogen-rich compound without changing its crystal structure, and also shed light on searching ambient-pressure high-temperature superconductivity in metal borohydrides.
description: accepted for publication as a Letter in Phys. Rev. B
On the intensity of focused waves near turning points
Creators: name: Lopez, N. A.
name: Kur, E.
name: Strozzi, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wave near an isolated turning point is typically assumed to have an Airy function profile with respect to the separation distance. This description is incomplete, however, and is insufficient to describe the behavior of more realistic wavefields that are not simple plane waves. Asymptotic matching to a prescribed incoming wavefield generically introduces a phasefront curvature term that changes the characteristic wave behavior from the Airy function to that of the hyperbolic umbilic function. This function, which is one of the seven classic 'elementary' functions from catastrophe theory along with the Airy function, can be understood intuitively as the solution for a linearly focused Gaussian beam propagating in a linearly varying density profile, as we show. The morphology of the caustic lines that govern the intensity maxima of the diffraction pattern as one alters the density lengthscale of the plasma, the focal length of the incident beam, and also the injection angle of the incident beam are presented in detail. This morphology includes a Goos-Hänchen shift and focal shift at oblique incidence that do not appear in a reduced ray-based description of the caustic. The enhancement of the intensity swelling factor for a focused wave compared to the typical Airy solution is highlighted, and the impact of finite lens aperture is discussed. Collisional damping and finite beam waist are included in the model and appear as complex components to the arguments of the hyperbolic umbilic function. The observations presented here on the behavior of waves near turning points should aid the development of improved reduced wave models to be used, for example, in designing modern nuclear fusion experiments.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 3 appendices
Revisiting CMSSM with Non-Universal Gaugino Masses under Current Constraints
Creators: name: Dong, Yabo
name: Wang, Kun
name: Yuan, Hailong
name: Zhu, Jingya
name: Zhu, Pengxuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To address the longstanding tension between the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) and recent experimental data, we investigate non-universal gaugino masses within an SU(5) Grand Unified Theory (GUT) framework, focusing on the $\tilde{g}$-SUGRA scenario where $\lvert M_{3} \rvert \gg \lvert M_{1} \rvert, \lvert M_{2} \rvert$. This hierarchy enables a heavier gluino, thereby evading current experimental bounds on supersymmetric particles. Our analysis reveals that precise Higgs measurements place stringent constraints on the model, requiring $\tanβ\gtrsim 5$ and $ M_{0} \gtrsim 20 \, \tanβ\,\text{GeV}$. Although the $\tilde{g}$-SUGRA scenario can help reconcile the persistent $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly, the Higgs constraints significantly restrict its parameter space, making a large contribution to $(g-2)_μ$ challenging. We also assess the discovery prospects in upcoming dark matter direct detection experiments, including PandaX-xT (200 t.y.), LZ (projected), and XENONnT (20 t.y.), which may not fully cover the viable parameter space. In contrast, future collider experiments$-$such as the High-Luminosity LHC at $3\,\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ and $\mathrm{CLIC}_{1500}$ at $2.5\,\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$$-$can comprehensively probe the remaining regions. These findings highlight $\tilde{g}$-SUGRA as a promising solution to the CMSSM tension and offer clear, testable predictions for upcoming collider searches.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by JHEP
The OPERA global readout and GPS distribution system
Creators: name: Marteau, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OPERA is an experiment dedicated to the observation of $ν_μ$ into $ν_τ$ oscillations in appearance mode using a pure $ν_μ$ beam (CNGS) produced at CERN and detected at Gran Sasso. The experiment exploits a hybrid technology with emulsions and electronics detectors \cite{opera}. The OPERA readout is performed through a triggerless, continuously running, distributed and highly available system. Its global architecture is based on Ethernet-capable smart sensors with microprocessing and network interface directly at the front-end stage. An unique interface board is used for the full detector reading out ADC-, TDC- or Controller-boards. All the readout channels are synchronized through a GPS-locked common bidirectional clock distribution system developped on purpose in a PCI format. It offers a second line to address all channels and the off-line synchronization with the CNGS to select the events.
description: talk presented at 11th Pisa meeting on advanced detectors, may '09, submitted to the proceedings
A framework for efficient ab initio electronic structure with Gaussian Process States
Creators: name: Rath, Yannic
name: Booth, George H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general framework for the efficient simulation of realistic fermionic systems with modern machine learning inspired representations of quantum many-body states, towards a universal tool for ab initio electronic structure. These machine learning inspired ansatzes have recently come to the fore in both a (first quantized) continuum and discrete Fock space representations, where however the inherent scaling of the latter approach for realistic interactions has so far limited practical applications. With application to the 'Gaussian Process State', a recently introduced ansatz inspired by systematically improvable kernel models in machine learning, we discuss different choices to define the representation of the computational Fock space. We show how local representations are particularly suited for stochastic sampling of expectation values, while also indicating a route to overcome the discrepancy in the scaling compared to continuum formulated models. We are able to show competitive accuracy for systems with up to 64 electrons, including a simplified (yet fully ab initio) model of the Mott transition in three-dimensional hydrogen, indicating a significant improvement over similar approaches, even for moderate numbers of configurational samples.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
N=4 Chern-Simons theories and wrapped M-branes in their gravity duals
Creators: name: Imamura, Yosuke
name: Yokoyama, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a class of N=4 quiver Chern-Simons theories and their gravity duals. We define the group of fractional D3-brane charges in a type IIB brane setup with taking account of D3-brane creation due to Hanany-Witten effect, and confirm that it agrees with the 3-cycle homology of the dual geometry, which describes the charges of fractional M2-branes, M5-branes wrapped on 3-cycles. The relation between the fractional brane charge and the torsion of the three-form potential field is partially established. We also discuss the duality between baryonic operators in the Chern-Simons theories and M5-branes wrapped on 5-cycles in the dual geometries. The degeneracy and the conformal dimension of the operators are reproduced on the gravity side. We also comment on the relation between wrapped M2-branes and monopole operators. The baryonic operators we consider are not gauge invariant. We argue that the gauge invariance cannot be imposed on all the operators corresponding to wrapped M-branes in AdS4/CFT3 correspondence.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, v2: typos corrected, references added, v3: improved arguments on gauge variance of baryonic operators and added comments on the duality between wrapped M2-branes and monopole operators, changed title, corrected typos, added a reference, PTPTeX