cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
San Pedro Martir observations of microvariability in obscured quasars
Creators: name: Polednikova, Jana
name: Ederoclite, Alessandro
name: Cepa, Jordi
name: de Diego, José Antonio
name: González-Serrano, José Ignacio
name: Bongiovanni, Angél
name: Oteo, Iván
name: García, Ana M. Pérez
name: Pérez-Martínez, Ricardo
name: Pintos-Castro, Irene
name: Ramón-Pérez, Marina
name: Sánchez-Portal, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast brightness variations are a unique tool to probe the innermost regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN). These variations are called microvariability or intra-night variability, and this phenomenon has been monitored in samples of blazars and unobscured AGNs. Detecting optical microvariations in targets hidden by the obscuring torus is a challenging task because the region responsible for the variations is hidden from our sight. However, there have been reports of fast variations in obscured Seyfert galaxies in X-rays, which rises the question whether microvariations can also be detected in obscured AGNs in the optical regime. Because the expected variations are very small and can easily be lost within the noise, the analysis requires a statistical approach. We report the use of a one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, with which we searched for microvariability. ANOVA was successfully employed in previous studies of unobscured AGNs. As a result, we found microvariable events during three observing blocks: in two we observed the same object (Mrk 477), and in another, J0759+5050. The results on Mrk 477 confirm previous findings. However, since Mrk 477 is quite a peculiar target with hidden broad-line regions, we cannot rule out the possibility that we have serendipitously chosen a target prone to variations.
description: Research note, 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Le mutuellisme dans la pensée de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Creators: name: Lebrun, Pascal
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Proudhon
Fédéralisme
Mutuellisme
Antinomie
Contradiction
Société
Justice
Liberté
Valeur
État
Capitalisme
Anarchisme

description: La pensée de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon est encore souvent décrite comme contradictoire ou incohérente; une lecture interne proposant une interprétation cohérente de son œuvre manque toujours dans la littérature. La distinction des concepts d’antinomie et de contradiction dans la pensée de l’auteur permet d’établir cette interprétation cohérente. Chez Proudhon, l’antinomie consiste en un rapport antagonique entre deux idées, les lois déterminant les choses en lesquelles elles s’incarnent. Cet antagonisme est irréductible et demande à ce que les deux idées soient mises en équilibre l’une avec l’autre, ce qui constitue la Justice. La contradiction survient quant à elle lorsque l’équilibre n’est pas atteint. Elle consiste en une situation qui pose problème dans la société, provoquant par là la souffrance, la misère, la violence et l’instabilité. La société constitue une chose en soi, un être collectif doué de consistance ontologique nécessairement en relation avec ses parties constituantes. Parallèlement, la liberté consiste en la capacité d’agir et de se déployer en fonction de son idée. La liberté de l’être collectif, de la société, est en relation antinomique avec celle de ses parties constituantes, puisque l’une peut être maximisée au dépends de l’autre. L’État représente la contradiction découlant de l’absence d’équilibre entre les libertés. Le fédéralisme proudhonien se veut la voie moderne pour établir l’équilibre dans ce rapport antinomique. Au plan économique, la valeur d’usage et la valeur d’échange sont aussi en rapport antinomique. L’équilibre dans ce rapport permet la découverte de la vraie valeur, la valeur constituée, qui représente la Justice dans les rapports économiques. Le capitalisme représente l’ensemble des institutions économiques empêchant la formation de la valeur constituée, ce qui en fait un système économique contradictoire, non conforme à la Justice et qui provoque la souffrance. Le mutuellisme proudhonien se veut la voie moderne pour établir l’équilibre et découvrir la valeur constituée de chaque bien, c’est-à-dire accomplir la Justice dans l’activité économique de la société. Cette lecture dessine les contours d’une pensée anarchiste toute en nuance, dans laquelle l’État et la propriété privée doivent disparaitre non pas par l’abolition de leurs fonctions, mais bien par leur intégration, conforme à la Justice, dans le tissu des relations sociales.
การตรวจติดตามระดับเม็ดเลือดขาวCD4 ในผู้ติดเชื้อเอชไอวีที่ยังไม่ถึงเกณฑ์เข้ารับยาต้านไวรัส ปี 2547-2549
Creators: name: พีระมน นิงสานนท์
Publisher: name: กองนวัตกรรมและวิจัย กรมควบคุมโรค
Year: 2551
Subjects: การตรวจติดตามระดับเม็ดเลือดขาว CD4
ผู้ติดเชื้อไม่มีอาการ
ระยะเวลาเฉลี่ยก่อนการรับยาต้านไวรัส
การส่งเสริมสุขภาพในผู้ติดเชื้อ

description: วารสารควบคุมโรค, 34, 1, 11-21
Analysing EHR navigation patterns and digital workflows among physicians during ICU pre-rounds
Creators: name: Coleman, C.
name: Khairat, S.
name: Carson, S.
name: Bice, T.
name: Eaker, S.
name: Gotz, D.
name: James, E.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Background: Some physicians in intensive care units (ICUs) report that electronic health records (EHRs) can be cumbersome and disruptive to workflow. There are significant gaps in our understanding of the physician–EHR interaction. Objective: To better understand how clinicians use the EHR for chart review during ICU pre-rounds through the characterisation and description of screen navigation pathways and workflow patterns. Method: We conducted a live, direct observational study of six physician trainees performing electronic chart review during daily pre-rounds in the 30-bed medical ICU at a large academic medical centre in the Southeastern United States. A tailored checklist was used by observers for data collection. Results: We observed 52 distinct live patient chart review encounters, capturing a total of 2.7 hours of pre-rounding chart review activity by six individual physicians. Physicians reviewed an average of 8.7 patients (range = 5–12), spending a mean of 3:05 minutes per patient (range = 1:34–5:18). On average, physicians visited 6.3 (±3.1) total EHR screens per patient (range = 1–16). Four unique screens were viewed most commonly, accounting for over half (52.7%) of all screen visits: results review (17.9%), summary/overview (13.0%), flowsheet (12.7%), and the chart review tab (9.1%). Navigation pathways were highly variable, but several common screen transition patterns emerged across users. Average interrater reliability for the paired EHR observation was 80.0%. Conclusion: We observed the physician–EHR interaction during ICU pre-rounds to be brief and highly focused. Although we observed a high degree of “information sprawl” in physicians’ digital navigation, we also identified common launch points for electronic chart review, key high-traffic screens and common screen transition patterns. Implications: From the study findings, we suggest recommendations towards improved EHR design.
Neglecting the Essentials: Addressing Barriers to Accessing Off-Patent Essential Medicines for Neglected Diseases in Canada
Creators: name: Houston, Adam Rainis
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Essential medicines
access to medicines
Neglected Diseases
Special Access Programme

description: In Canada, less than half of the drugs that the World Health Organization classifies as Essential Medicines for the treatment of Neglected Diseases like Chagas disease, drug-resistant tuberculosis, echinococcosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, malaria and sleeping sickness are formally available, even as collectively hundreds of patients require access to them each year. Essential Medicines, according to the WHO, are those “intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality, and at a price the individual and the community can afford”. Nevertheless, many of these Essential Medicines, like the conditions they treat, are neglected by pharmaceutical companies and governments alike in low-burden, high-income countries like Canada. The result is a reversal of the usual access to medicines narrative around novel, patented medicines unavailable in low-income countries; these are old, off-patent Essential Medicines, many of which have become widely available in low and middle-income countries yet increasingly difficult to access in many high-income countries. Their absence from countries like Canada is not due to their lack of medical utility – many of them are recognized domestically as the standard of care – but their lack of commercial value. Unfortunately, Canada’s regulatory system is premised upon keeping unsafe, ineffective or poor-quality drugs out, not bringing Essential Medicines in. As a result, these drugs must be accessed through ill-fitting mechanisms like Canada’s Special Access Programme (SAP). Other high-income countries face similar access challenges, though they may manifest in different ways; in the United States for instance, drugs that have disappeared from the Canadian market or simply never been introduced in the first place have instead had de facto monopolies unscrupulously exploited. In turn, as the COVID-19 pandemic has served to underscore, access to these Essential Medicines for Neglected Diseases is an issue that cannot be solved solely at the domestic level. Essential Medicines that threaten to disappear before the diseases they treat do also serve to highlight broader issues of domestic and international concern, from drug shortages to antimicrobial resistance. This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the problem, and offers guidance on what Canada in particular can do about improving access to medicines, especially those for Neglected Diseases that have been largely absent from the Canadian pharmaceutical agenda.
An Efficient Bayesian Inference Framework for Coalescent-Based Nonparametric Phylodynamics
Creators: name: Lan, Shiwei
name: Palacios, Julia A.
name: Karcher, Michael
name: Minin, Vladimir N.
name: Shahbaba, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phylodynamics focuses on the problem of reconstructing past population size dynamics from current genetic samples taken from the population of interest. This technique has been extensively used in many areas of biology, but is particularly useful for studying the spread of quickly evolving infectious diseases agents, e.g.,\ influenza virus. Phylodynamics inference uses a coalescent model that defines a probability density for the genealogy of randomly sampled individuals from the population. When we assume that such a genealogy is known, the coalescent model, equipped with a Gaussian process prior on population size trajectory, allows for nonparametric Bayesian estimation of population size dynamics. While this approach is quite powerful, large data sets collected during infectious disease surveillance challenge the state-of-the-art of Bayesian phylodynamics and demand computationally more efficient inference framework. To satisfy this demand, we provide a computationally efficient Bayesian inference framework based on Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for coalescent process models. Moreover, we show that by splitting the Hamiltonian function we can further improve the efficiency of this approach. Using several simulated and real datasets, we show that our method provides accurate estimates of population size dynamics and is substantially faster than alternative methods based on elliptical slice sampler and Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm.
MPEC 2024-R245 : 2022 SR
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
UniSAFE D8.4 White Paper: From policy to practice: The evidence base for ending gender-based violence in higher education and research
Creators: name: Linková, Marcela
name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Dvořáčková, Jana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gender based violence
White paper
gender+
institutional policy
higher education
research

description: The aim of this white paper is to draw attention to the roles and responsibilities of higher education and research organisations in addressing gender-based violence. These roles and responsibilities may not be recognised or are downplayed, and this results in institutions failing to take appropriate action to ensure safe environments for students and staff. Secondly, the white paper aims to explicate the essential features and elements of effective policies and actions and lastly, to highlight the critical role of institutional leadership in making the policy frameworks and actions work. This white paper is primarily intended for: institutional leaders and top management; staff responsible for the design, adoption and implementation of institutional policies; staff appointed to support victims and survivors; and any other member of the academic community committed to ending gender-based violence. It builds on the results of the UniSAFE research, including the prevalence study (Lipinsky et al. 2022, Humbert et al. 2022), the institutional policy analysis (Huck et al. 2022), case studies (Ranea-Triviño et al. 2022), interviews (Blazyte and Pilinkaite 2022), and stakeholder and expert workshops (Yellow Window 2023a, 2023b), the purpose of which have been to gain insight into and test emerging policy solutions.
Re-performing Art/Re-search (T)here
Creators: name: Cloutier, Geneviève
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: art
research
arts-based research
re-search
art/re-search
emergence
metissage
assemblage
post-qualitative
post-human

description: Art/Re-search (T)here is a SSHRC-funded project that creates new transdisciplinary understandings of art, research and pedagogy. A review of the literature finds that researchers from a wide range of academic fields employ transformational arts-based methods with their participants, but that they are far less likely to weave art-making in all stages of the research process themselves. While researchers “outside” of the arts experiment with art-making in their un/familiar re-search (Absolon, 2011; Rowe, 2020) contexts, I re-perform how new networks and assemblages emerge. Art/Re-search (T)here includes 6 other re-searchers/co-conspirators from different academic fields who identify a need for, and absence of, arts-based research in their respective spaces, including English, Cultural Studies, Social Work, Indigenous Studies, Game Design, Unions, and Education. The individual and collective work that is created throughout this project performs (post)qualitative (Lather, 2007; St. Pierre, 2011) practices and feminist new materialist posthumanism (Barad, 2007) through the data/dada (Morawski & Palulis, 2009) that arises. In the first article, the individual art/re-search that my co-conspirators (Taylor, 2019) and I create provokes me to think about telling stories differently (King, 2005) through the (in)tensions of art, the limitations of language and the embodied (be)longing that occurs through the virtual-material-discursive (Springgay & Truman, 2017). I work through belonging with each of my co-conspirators in the process. In my second article, I work through the initial research questions with my co-conspirators through a collaborative mail art project. Research questions change and shift. I think about how this relational inquiry unfolds as a new materialist (Barad, 2007) methodological space of getting lost (Lather, 2007) with ethico-onto-epistem-ologies (Barad, 2007) of trans-formation in trans-it -- whereby some-thing lost is getting (t)here. In my third article, I re-perform and re-imagine the data bodies and events (Rousell, 2018) of Art/Re-search (T)here after the project ends through a dadaist (Kuenzli, 2015; Richter, 2010) art installation titled Transpedagogical data/dada assemblages. This leads me to put a call of action for more transdisciplinary transpedagogical (Helguera, 2011) art/re-search within higher education (Loveless, 2019) and beyond as it creates space for data/dada, diffraction and difference (Barad, 2007; Haraway, 1988; Lather, 2007) to emerge in world that, I contend, should embrace emergence.
(500580) George Brady
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Minibeam radiation therapy enhanced tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model
Creators: name: Madden, A.J.
name: Piscitelli, J.A.
name: Zamboni, W.C.
name: Darr, D.
name: Midkiff, B.
name: Price, L.S.L.
name: Santos, C.M.
name: Chang, S.X.
name: Roques, J.R.
name: Feinberg, N.N.
name: Rivera, J.N.
name: Herity, L.B.
name: Mageau, S.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Background: Minibeam radiation therapy is an experimental radiation therapy utilizing an array of parallel submillimeter planar X-ray beams. In preclinical studies, minibeam radiation therapy has been shown to eradicate tumors and cause significantly less damage to normal tissue compared to equivalent radiation doses delivered by conventional broadbeam radiation therapy, where radiation dose is uniformly distributed. Methods: Expanding on prior studies that suggested minibeam radiation therapy increased perfusion in tumors, we compared a single fraction of minibeam radiation therapy (peak dose:valley dose of 28 Gy:2.1 Gy and 100 Gy:7.5 Gy) and broadbeam radiation therapy (7 Gy) in their ability to enhance tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and alter the tumor microenvironment in a murine tumor model. Plasma and tumor pharmacokinetic studies of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and tumor microenvironment profiling were performed in a genetically engineered mouse model of claudin-low triple-negative breast cancer (T11). Results: Minibeam radiation therapy (28 Gy) and broadbeam radiation therapy (7 Gy) increased PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin tumor delivery by 7.1-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively, compared to PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin alone, without altering the plasma disposition. The enhanced tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin by minibeam radiation therapy is consistent after repeated dosing, is associated with changes in tumor macrophages but not collagen or angiogenesis, and nontoxic to local tissues. Our study indicated that the minibeam radiation therapy’s ability to enhance the drug delivery decreases from 28 to 100 Gy peak dose. Discussion: Our studies suggest that low-dose minibeam radiation therapy is a safe and effective method to significantly enhance the tumor delivery of nanoparticle agents.
Deliverable 1.6: Visual identity
Creators: name: Gabelova, Alena
name: Bozena Smolkova
name: Siposova, Tatiana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Project management
Horizon 2020 projects

description: Development of a visual identity for the VISION project is one of the most important elements of the project’s identity. The VISION project logo is present at all communication documents and templates (deliverables and powerpoint templates). In addition, the VISION project logo along with the logo of the European Union and acknowledgement of EU funding will appear at all documents used in communication and dissemination of project results.
(500567) James Spearman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Transport of indirect excitons in ZnO quantum wells
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, Yuliya
name: Fedichkin, Fedor
name: Andreakou, Peristera
name: Calman, Eric
name: Butov, Leonid
name: Lefebvre, Pierre
name: Bretagnon, Thierry
name: Guillet, Thierry
name: Vladimirova, Maria
name: Morhain, C.
name: Chauveau, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on spatially- and time-resolved emission measurements and observation of transport of indirect excitons in ZnO/MgZnO wide single quantum wells.
MPEC 2024-R246 : 2022 WD7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Beyond convenience: practical considerations with using routine health data for evaluations
Creators: name: Xiong, K.
name: Thomas, J.C.
name: Watson-Grant, S.
name: Sutherland, E.G.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2021

description: As digital routine health information systems (RHIS) become more prevalent, there is a growing interest in using them for evaluations. Rakha et al. used data from an integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) database to evaluate under-5 mortality and the timing of IMCI implementation in 213 districts in Egypt. Bennett et al. used data from Zambia’s RHIS to evaluate an insecticide-treated net program and confirmed outpatient malaria incidence. Lalla-Edward et al. used data collected from nine roadside wellness centers in South Africa to evaluate the services accessed by long-distance truck drivers and the drivers’ sociodemographic characteristics. Brennan et al. used data from the National Health Service (NHS) in Leicester to assess hospital cost efficiency.
(500569) James Hopple
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Can Passenger's Active Head Tilt Decrease The Severity of Carsickness? - Effect of Head Tilt on Severity of Motion Sickness in a Lateral Acceleration Environment
Creators: name: Wada, Takahiro
name: Konno, Hiroyuki
name: Fujisawa, Satoru
name: Doi, Shunichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Objective: We investigated the effect of the passenger head-tilt strategy on the severity of carsickness in lateral acceleration situations in automobiles. Background: It is well known that the driver is generally less susceptible to carsickness than are the passengers. However, it is also known that the driver tilts his or her head toward the curve center when negotiating a curve, whereas the passenger's head moves in the opposite direction. Therefore, we hypothesized that the head-tilt strategy has the effect of reducing the severity of carsickness. Method: A passenger car was driven on a quasi-oval track with a pylon slalom while the participant sat in the navigator seat. The experiment was terminated when either the participant felt the initial symptoms of motion sickness or the car finished 20 laps. In the natural head-tilt condition, the participants were instructed to sit naturally, to relax, and not to oppose the lateral acceleration intentionally. In the active head-tilt condition, the participants were asked to tilt their heads against the centrifugal acceleration, thus imitating the driver's head tilt. Results: The number of laps achieved in the active condition was significantly greater than that in the natural condition. In addition, the subjective ratings of motion sickness and symptoms in the active condition were significantly lower than those in the natural condition. Conclusion: We suggest that an active head tilt against centrifugal acceleration reduces the severity of motion sickness. Application: Potential applications of this study include development of a methodology to reduce carsickness.
(500570) Robert Hood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A critical self-reflexive account of a privileged researcher in a complicated setting: Kakuma refugee camp
Creators: name: Bilotta, Neil
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2021

description: As a white, Western-educated man, undertaking research in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya, I encountered ethical dilemmas related to my privileged racial and gender status. These include power imbalances between researchers and refugees and conducting research in the face of human suffering. Through critical self-reflexivity, I analyze my own experiences to reveal the personal and professional vulnerabilities that researchers from high-income countries (HICs) may encounter when working in contexts where oppression and forced displacement are prominent. I conclude that researchers who work in contexts of forced migration must extend beyond the boundaries of procedural research ethics and include components of relational ethics. This involves close collaboration with refugee participants to develop more culturally relevant research ethics guidelines for refugee-specific populations.
(500571) Samuel Bowman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Critique of the Bias-of-Crowds Model Simply Restates the Model: Reply to Connor and Evers (2020)
Creators: name: Lundberg, K.B
name: Vuletich, H.
name: Payne, B.K.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Millions of people have taken an implicit test of racial bias, and the majority have displayed a preference for White people over Black people. What does it mean? The most common interpretation is that those who show such a preference are biased people and that they have an attitude, whether they explicitly acknowledge it or not, that favors White people over Black people. An alternative interpretation is that when people display a racial bias on an implicit test, it reflects the social environment they are in. It could be both. The lesson drawn from this research is important, because it bears not only on scientific theories of prejudice and discrimination but also on policy decisions about the best ways to eliminate racial disparities. Do we target individuals and try to change their attitudes? Or do we focus on social environments and the systems that impersonally preserve inequality?
(503157) Arthur Villiers Younger
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Water Use in Global Livestock Production—Opportunities and Constraints for Increasing Water Productivity
Creators: name: Heinke, Jens
name: Lannerstad, Mats
name: Gerten, Dieter
name: Havlik, Petr
name: Herrero, Mario
name: Notenbaert, An Maria Omer
name: Hoff, Holger
name: Müller, Christoph
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Increasing population, change in consumption habits, and climate change will likely increase the competition for freshwater resources in the future. Exploring ways to improve water productivity especially in food and livestock systems is important for tackling the future water challenge. Here we combine detailed data on feed use and livestock production with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) statistics and process-based crop-water model simulations to comprehensively assess water use and water productivity in the global livestock sector. We estimate that, annually, 4,387 km3 of blue and green water is used for the production of livestock feed, equaling about 41% of total agricultural water use. Livestock water productivity (LWP; protein produced per m3 of water) differs by several orders of magnitude between livestock types, regions, and production systems, indicating a large potential for improvements. For pigs and broilers, we identify large opportunities to increase LWP by increasing both feed water productivity (FWP; feed produced per m3 of water) and feed use efficiency (FUE; protein produced per kg of feed) through better crop and livestock management. Even larger opportunities to increase FUE exist for ruminants, while the overall potential to increase their FWP is low. Substantial improvements of FUE can be achieved for ruminants by supplementation with feed crops, but the lower FWP of these feed crops compared to grazed biomass limits possible overall improvements of LWP. Therefore, LWP of ruminants, unlike for pigs and poultry, does not always benefit from a trend toward intensification, as this is often accompanied by increasing crop supplementation.
Developing a socio-hydrological model to assess community sensitivity to lake degradation
Creators: name: Rahnama, Behzad
name: Saleh, Farzin Nasiri
name: Nasseri, Mohsen
name: Koosheshi, Majid
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The crucial challenge in arid/developed endorheic basins is to balance agricultural water demands with ecosystem health. This study addresses this dilemma by developing a semi-distributed socio-hydrological model for the basins using monthly water balance coupled with annual community sensitivity (CS)/response models. The central research question focuses on whether the degradation of lakes in the Tashk-Bakhtegan basin, our selected case study, can shift the community’s attitude towards allocating water resources for environmental rather than agricultural purposes. Given the basin’s vastness and complex water access, individuals hold diverse environmental attitudes on lake degradation. Upon model calibration, it becomes evident that downstream areas exhibit a CS variable 2.4 times higher than upstream areas, with annual fluctuations ranging from 1.15 to 6.34. Remarkably, the findings underscore a gradual transformation in downstream attitudes, where increasing CS has shifted their perspective towards prioritizing the well-being of the lake, while upstream residents continue to prioritize agro-economic benefits.
(503159) Jane Younger
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Gruss inequality for some types of positive linear maps
Creators: name: Matharu, Jagjit Singh
name: Moslehian, Mohammad Sal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47A63, Secondary 46L05, 47A30, 47B15, 15A60

description: Assuming a unitarily invariant norm $|||\cdot|||$ is given on a two-sided ideal of bounded linear operators acting on a separable Hilbert space, it induces some unitarily invariant norms $|||\cdot|||$ on matrix algebras $\mathcal{M}_n$ for all finite values of $n$ via $|||A|||=|||A\oplus 0|||$. We show that if $\mathscr{A}$ is a $C^*$-algebra of finite dimension $k$ and $Φ: \mathscr{A} \to \mathcal{M}_n$ is a unital completely positive map, then \begin{equation*} |||Φ(AB)-Φ(A)Φ(B)||| \leq \frac{1}{4} |||I_{n}|||\,|||I_{kn}||| d_A d_B \end{equation*} for any $A,B \in \mathscr{A}$, where $d_X$ denotes the diameter of the unitary orbit $\{UXU^*: U \mbox{ is unitary}\}$ of $X$ and $I_{m}$ stands for the identity of $\mathcal{M}_{m}$. Further we get an analogous inequality for certain $n$-positive maps in the setting of full matrix algebras by using some matrix tricks. We also give a Grüss operator inequality in the setting of $C^*$-algebras of arbitrary dimension and apply it to some inequalities involving continuous fields of operators.
description: 17 pages, to appear in J. Operator Theory (JOT)
(503160) Laura E Tarr
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Comparison of weekly and daily recall of pain as an endpoint in a randomized phase 3 trial of cabozantinib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Creators: name: Bennett, A.V.
name: Schwab, G.M.
name: Schaffer, E.M.
name: Basch, E.M.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: Scant evidence reveals whether the use of weekly versus daily pain ratings leads to meaningful differences when measuring pain as a clinical trial outcome. We compared the ability of weekly ratings and descriptors of daily ratings to evaluate pain as an endpoint in a randomized phase 3 drug trial. Methods: Participants (n = 119) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were randomized to treatment arms and rated their pain on the average and at its worst during a baseline week and at weeks 3, 6, and 12 of study treatment. For each reporting period, participants rated their pain daily for 7 days. On day 7, participants rated their pain over the prior 7 days. We estimated mean differences and intraclass correlation coefficients of the weekly ratings and the mean and the maximum daily ratings. We compared the ability of the weekly ratings and the daily rating descriptors to detect change in pain and evaluated the agreement of the weekly rating and the mean daily rating of pain at its worst to detect treatment response. Results: For both pain constructs, the weekly rating was consistently higher than the mean daily rating and lower than the maximum daily rating yet was moderately to highly correlated with both daily rating descriptors (intraclass correlation coefficient range = 0.55–0.94). The weekly rating and the daily rating descriptors consistently detected change in pain for the study sample and participant subgroups. Substantial agreement existed between the weekly rating and the mean daily rating of pain at its worst when used with trial protocol opioid criteria to detect treatment response (Cohen’s κ = 0.71). Conclusion: Use of daily over weekly ratings delivered no added benefit in evaluating pain in this clinical trial. This study is the first to compare weekly and daily recall to measure pain as an endpoint in a randomized phase 3 drug trial, and the pattern of differences in ratings that we observed is consistent with other recent evaluations of weekly and daily symptom reporting.
Quantum cooling and squeezing of a levitating nanosphere via time-continuous measurements
Creators: name: Genoni, Marco G.
name: Zhang, Jinglei
name: Millen, James
name: Barker, Peter F.
name: Serafini, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the purpose of controlling the steady state of a dielectric nanosphere levitated within an optical cavity, we study its conditional dynamics under simultaneous sideband cooling and additional time-continuous measurement of either the output cavity mode or the nanosphere's position. We find that the average phonon number, purity and quantum squeezing of the steady-states can all be made more non-classical through the addition of time-continuous measurement. We predict that the continuous monitoring of the system, together with Markovian feedback, allows one to stabilize the dynamics for any value of the laser frequency driving the cavity. By considering state-of-the-art values of the experimental parameters, we prove that one can in principle obtain a non-classical (squeezed) steady-state with an average phonon number $n_{\sf ph}\approx 0.5$.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures; v2: close to published version
Biodistribution of lipid nanoparticle, eGFP mRNA and translated protein following subcutaneous administration in mouse
Creators: name: Sandelius, Åsa
name: Naseer, Humaira
name: Lindqvist, Johnny
name: Wilson, Amanda
name: Henderson, Neil
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Aim: Increased knowledge of biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA drug components may aid efficacy and safety evaluation. Methods: Mice were subcutaneously administrated LNP encapsulated enhanced green fluorescent protein mRNA and sampled up to 72 h after dosing. LNP, mRNA and translated protein were quantified by LC-MS, branched DNA and ELISA. Results: Highest levels of LNP and mRNA were detected in skin, followed by spleen, but also rapidly distributed to circulation. Translated protein showed high concentration in skin and spleen, but also in liver and kidney across 24 h where the LNP was cleared at 4 h. Conclusion: Subcutaneously dosing LNP encapsulated mRNA in mice resulted in a nonlinear relationship of LNP, mRNA and protein concentration across multiple tissues. Quantitative biodistribution data of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated mRNA drug components and translated protein after subcutaneous injection in mice is currently not available in the literature. As a result, the present study was intended to determine the exposure of LNP, mRNA and translated protein in multiple tissue and circulation after subcutaneous injection in mice, thereby bridging a necessary gap in the research literature. Branched DNA performance in biodistribution settings was evaluated and qualified for mRNA quantification in blood, bone marrow, brain, liver, lung, kidney, heart, spleen and skin. Quantification of LNP and protein were performed using LC-MS/MS and a ligand-binding assay respectively. Nonlinear pharmacokinetics and tissue-specific associations were detected between mRNA, LNP and protein concentrations. Results show a rapid distribution to the liver, spleen and injection site. LNP and mRNA was rapidly cleared and protein expression was delayed and tissue dependent. Branched DNA was fit for purpose of mRNA quantification for biodistribution in blood and tissues analyzed. Significant findings include the importance of early sampling and careful tissue dissection to avoid blood contamination. Circulating levels of LNP, mRNA and protein is not representative of tissue concentrations. This study provides valuable insights into mRNA-LNP formulations by increasing our understanding of in vivo distribution relationships. Nonlinear pharmacokinetics observed in both rodents and nonhuman primates underscores the need for robust preclinical disposition data in translating findings to the clinic.
Black American Fathers Employed in Higher-Risk Contexts for Contracting COVID-19: Implications for Individual Wellbeing and Work-Family Spillover
Creators: name: Thomas, A.
name: Bamishigbin, O.
name: Cooper, S.M.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Black Americans remain disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging data suggests that employment in certain occupations (e.g., essential; frontline) may place individuals at higher-risk for contracting COVID-19. The current investigation examined how Black American fathers’ COVID-19 perceived work risk was associated with their individual well-being (COVID-19 diagnosis; depressive and anxiety symptoms; sleep disturbance; sleep quality) as well as spillover into family contexts. Participants were 466 Black American fathers (M = 36.63; SD = 11.00) who completed online surveys in June–July 2020. Adjusted binomial logistic and multiple regressions were estimated to examine how fathers’ work context was associated with COVID-19 health outcomes, psychological functioning, sleep health, and family stress. Descriptive analyses revealed that 32% of fathers reported a personal diagnosis of COVID-19 and 21% indicated that an immediate family member had been diagnosed. Adjusted binomial logistic regression analyses revealed that fathers working in higher-risk contexts for contracting COVID-19 had a greater odds ratio for both a personal (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.68) and an immediate family member diagnosis (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.52, 4.36). Working in a higher-risk context for contracting COVID-19 was associated with poorer psychological functioning, greater sleep disturbance, and higher levels of family discord. Findings suggest that Black fathers working in higher risk contexts may be at risk for COVID-19 exposure and infection. Further, this study indicates that these effects extend to their own well-being, including mental and sleep health as well as increased family stress.