cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Methods Are Not Always Optimal
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Consider a regularly elliptic 2mth order boundary value problem Lu = f with f ∈ Hr(Ω), r≥ - m . In previous work, we showed that the finite element method (FEM) using piecewise polynomials of degree k is asymptotically optimal when k ≥ 2m - 1 + r. In this paper, we show that the FEM is not asymptotically optimal when this inequality is violated. However, there exists an algorithm, called the spline algorithm, which uses the same information as the FEM and is optimal. Moreover, the error of the finite element method can be arbitrarily larger than the error of the spline algorithm. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a Galerkin method (or a generalized Galerkin method) to be a spline algorithm.
Magnetodielectric coupling and phonon properties of compressively strained EuTiO3 thin films deposited on LSAT
Creators: name: Kamba, S.
name: Goian, V.
name: Orlita, M.
name: Nuzhnyy, D.
name: Lee, J. H.
name: Schlom, D. G.
name: Rushchanskii, K.
name: Lezaic, M.
name: Birol, T.
name: Fennie, C. J.
name: Gemeiner, P.
name: Dkhil, B.
name: Bovtun, V.
name: Kempa, M.
name: Hlinka, J.
name: Petzelt, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compressively strained epitaxial (001) EuTiO3 thin films of tetragonal symmetry have been deposited on (001) (LaAlO3)_0.29-(SrAl_{1/2}Ta_{1/2}O3)_0.71 (LSAT) substrates by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. Enhancement of the Neel temperature by 1 K with 0.9% compressive strain was revealed. The polar phonons ofthe films have been investigated as a function of temperature and magnetic field by means of infrared reflectance spectroscopy. All three infrared active phonons show strongly stiffened frequencies compared to bulk EuTiO3 in accordance with first principles calculations. The phonon frequencies exhibit gradual softening on cooling leading to an increase in static permittivity. A new polar phonon with frequency near the TO1 soft mode was detected below 150 K. The new mode coupled with the TO1 mode was assigned as the optical phonon from the Brillouin zone edge, which is activated in infrared spectra due to an antiferrodistortive phase transition and due to simultaneous presence of polar and/or magnetic nanoclusters. In the antiferromagnetic phase we have observed a remarkable softening of the lowest-frequency polar phonon under an applied magnetic field, which qualitatively agrees with first principles calculations. This demonstrates the strong spin-phonon coupling in EuTiO3, which is responsible for the pronounced dependence of its static permittivity on magnetic field in the antiferromagnetic phase.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 3 of Integrated modeling framework reveals co-regulation of transcription factors, miRNAs and lncRNAs on cardiac developmental dynamics
Creators: name: Li, Shumin
name: Yan, Bin
name: Wu, Binbin
name: Su, Junhao
name: Lu, Jianliang
name: Lam, Tak-Wah
name: Boheler, Kenneth R.
name: Poon, Ellen Ngar-Yun
name: Luo, Ruibang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary figures. Figure S1: Enrichment analysis of overlaps between the target genes of the cardiac TFs and of miRNAs during early and late stages of hESC-CM/hiPSC-CM differentiation. Figure S2: Enrichment analysis of overlaps between the target genes of the cardiac TFs and of lncRNAs during early and late stages of hESC-CM/hiPSC-CM differentiation.
Properties of canonical determinants and a test of fugacity expansion for finite density lattice QCD with Wilson fermions
Creators: name: Danzer, Julia
name: Gattringer, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze canonical determinants, i.e., grand canonical determinants projected to a fixed net quark number. The canonical determinants are the coefficients in a fugacity expansion of the grand canonical determinant and we evaluate them as the Fourier moments of the grand canonical determinant with respect to imaginary chemical potential, using a dimensional reduction technique. The analysis is done for two mass-degenerate flavors of Wilson fermions at several temperatures below and above the confinement/deconfinement crossover. We discuss various properties of the canonical determinants and analyse the convergence of the fugacity series for different temperatures.
description: Typo removed, paragraph added in the discussion. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Treatment Effect Models for Subgroup Analysis with Missing Data
Creators: name: Fu, Yunting
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biostatistics

description: The need for subgroup analysis in clinical trials in various contexts is increasing and data-driven approaches for subgroup identification based on statistical principles are desired. Among all subgroup identification methods, we focus on the treatment effect models that estimate the treatment contrast, since these models are intuitive and useful to interpretation. We evaluate and address the consequences of having missing data when using the Interaction Trees (IT), Qualitative Interaction Trees (QUINT) and Subgroup Identification based on Differential Effect Search (SIDES) methods. Simulation studies are used to demonstrate the accuracy of variable selection and bias in treatment effects when using complete, incomplete and imputed data across various scenarios when the sample size, proportion of missingness and imputation methods differ. We also applied these methods to a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) dataset obtained from a retrospective study. Our results indicate that both IT and QUINT methods work equivalently well in most situations, while the SIDES results are, in general, less comparable due to the different mechanisms of the methods. The treatment effect models should be chosen based on the objective of the study, the sample size, the number of variables containing missing data, and the data structure. In terms of the methods for addressing missing data, an assumption of the data structure needs to be made during the method selection. MissForest is an excellent choice for a dataset with a tree-based structure, while MI methods would be a good fit for the other situations.
A regularized solution of shape from shadows
Creators: name: Hatzitheodorou, Michael
name: Jackowski, Tomasz
name: Papageorgiou, Anargyros
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present a regularized solution to the shape from shadows problem. In this problem the shadows cast on an unknown surface yield data that can be used for the reconstruction of this surface. In the simulation presented here we assume that the data can now be perturbed by noise. It is shown that the regularized approach produces a solution that can handle noisy information while being very similar to the solution obtained by the approximation theoretic approaches used in earlier work. We provide implementation runs where the performance of the algorithm in recovering unknown surfaces is tested. Furthermore, we study the visual effects of smoothing on the various reconstructions.
Aquartia microphylla Lam.
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Aquartia
Aquartia microphylla

description: Aquartia microphylla Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. 1: 327, tab. 82, fig. 2. 1791 Type: “ S. Domingo ” [Dominican Republic], J. Martin s.n. (holotype, P-LA [P00357664]).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
Exploring the physiological function of the brain-enriched Na+/H+ exchanger NHE5
Creators: name: Diering, Graham Hugh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In general, electrical activity in the brain is enhanced or suppressed by increases or decreases in pH respectively. Moreover, many components of the synaptic machinery are sensitive to changes in pH within the physiological range. Therefore, given this sensitivity to pH, it is likely that pH-regulatory proteins at the synapse may play an essential role in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. However, the identity of the molecules responsible for regulating pH at the synapse has never been determined. NHE5 is a unique member of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) gene family that is highly enriched in brain, yet a physiological role for NHE5 has never been described. In this thesis work, I show for the first time that NHE5 protein is expressed in neurons. In these cells a portion of NHE5 is targeted to synapses; NHE5 abundance at synapses and on the neuronal cell-surface increases in response to synaptic activity. Further I found that dendritic spines, the location of the excitatory post-synapse, experience an activity and NHE5-dependent change in local pH. Blocking NHE5 activity by expression of a transport-deficient dominant-negative mutant or by knock-down resulted in spontaneous exuberant dendritic spine outgrowth, suggesting that NHE5 is a negative regulator of dendritic spine growth. Interestingly, this spine growth required an active NMDA receptor, a pH-sensitive protein, suggesting that the action of NHE5 is mediated through NMDA receptors. Thus, I propose that NHE5 is recruited to synapses during synaptic activity as part of a negative feed-back loop in order to regulate nearby pH-sensitive synapse components to control or stabilize dendritic spine growth. I have also expanded on the current understanding of the molecular regulation of NHE5 by the identification and characterization of an NHE5-SCAMP2 interaction. SCAMP2 binds to NHE5 in recycling endosomes and promotes its delivery to the cell surface, in a pathway that requires the small GTPase Arf6. Therefore, I have uncovered part of the physiological function of NHE5 and also identified the very first molecule involved specifically in regulation of pH at the synapse. Future work on the action of NHE5 at synapses and the regulation of NHE5 by protein binding partners and signaling pathways is discussed.
Time-Varying Textures
Creators: name: Enrique, Sebastian
name: Koudelka, Melissa
name: Belhumeur, Peter N.
name: Dorsey, Julie
name: Nayar, Shree K.
name: Ramamoorthi, Ravi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: Essentially all computer graphics rendering assumes that the reflectance and texture of surfaces is a static phenomenon. Yet, there is an abundance of materials in nature whose appearance varies dramatically with time, such as cracking paint, growing grass, or ripening banana skins. In this paper, we take a significant step towards addressing this problem, investigating a new class of time-varying textures. We make three contributions. First, we describe the carefully controlled acquisition of datasets of a variety of natural processes including the growth of grass, the accumulation of snow, and the oxidation of copper. Second, we show how to adapt quilting-based methods to time-varying texture synthesis, addressing the important challenges of maintaining temporal coherence, efficient synthesis on large time-varying datasets, and reducing visual artifacts specific to time-varying textures. Finally, we show how simple procedural techniques can be used to control the evolution of the results, such as allowing for a faster growth of grass in well lit (as opposed to shadowed) areas.
Molecular determinants of -conotoxin block of single sodium channels
Creators: name: Hui, Kwokyin
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Muscles - Electric properties
subject: Sodium channels
subject: Ion channels
subject: Musculoskeletal system

description: Bibliography: p. 153-177.
description: incomplete title - a symbol in front of 'conotoxin', not recognized in the Gencat database
Comparison of Surface Language Generators: A Case Study in Choice of Connectives
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Elhadad, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: Language generation systems have used a variety of grammatical formalisms for producing syntactic structure and yet, there has been little research evaluating the formalisms for the specifics of the generation task. In our work at Columbia we have primarily used a unification based formalism, a Functional Unification Grammar (FUG) [Kay 79] and have found it well suited for many of the generation tasks we have addressed. Over the course of the past 5 years we have also explored the use of various off-the-shelf parsing formalisms, including an Augmented Transition Network (ATN) [Woods 70]. a Bottom-Up Chan Parser (BUP) [Finin 84], and a Declarative Clause Grammar (DCG) [Pereira & Warren 80]. In this paper, we identify the characteristics of FDG that we find useful for generation and contrast these with characteristics of the parsing formalisms and with other formalisms that are typically used for generation.
Interpreting the Higgs
Creators: name: Carmi, Dean
name: Falkowski, Adam
name: Kuflik, Eric
name: Volansky, Tomer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LHC and Tevatron Higgs data are interpreted as constraints on an effective theory of a Higgs boson with mass close to 125 GeV. We focus on the diphoton, ZZ*, WW* channels at the LHC, and the b-bbar channel at the Tevatron, which are currently the most sensitive probes of a Higgs with such a mass. Combining the available data in these channels, we derive the preferred regions of the parameter space of the effective theory. We further provide the mapping between the effective theory and the relevant Higgs event rates, facilitating future extraction of the preferred region by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of the XXVI Rencontres de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste, La Thuile 2012. v2: typos in Eq. 2.4 corrected
Management of Application Quality of Service
Creators: name: Florissi, Patrícia Gomes Soares
name: Yemini, Yechiam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper proposes a new language for the development of distributed multimedia applications: Quality Assurance Language (QuAL). QuAL abstractions allow the specification of Quality of Service (QoS) constraints expected from the underlying computing and communication environment. QuAL specifications are compiled into run time components that monitor the actual QoS delivered. Upon QoS violations, application provided exception handlers are signaled to act upon the faulty events. Language level abstractions of QoS shelter programs from the heterogeneity of underlying infrastructures. This simplifies the development and maintenance of multimedia applications and promotes their portability and reuse. QuAL generates Management Information Bases (MIBs) that contain QoS statistics per application. Such MIBs may be used to integrate application level QoS management into standard network management frameworks.
Additional file 1 of The influence of light and relative humidity on the formation of epsomite in cadmium yellow and French ultramarine modern oil paints
Creators: name: Harrison, Jessie
name: Lee, Judith
name: Ormsby, Bronwyn
name: Payne, David J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1: Figure A1. Photographs of W&N AOC cadmium yellow and French ultramarine tube paint samples. Figure A2. EDX spectrum for W&N Cadmium Yellow tube paint. Figure A3. EDX spectrum for W&N French Ultramarine tube paint. Figure A4. XRD pattern for W&N AOC French ultramarine on acrylic-primed canvas.
The Complexity of Multivariate Elliptic Problems with Analytic Data
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: Let F be a class of functions defined on a d-dimensional domain. Our task is to compute H m -norm ϵ-approximations to solutions of 2mth-order elliptic boundary-value problems Lu = f for a fixed L and for f ∈ F. We assume that the only information we can compute about f ∈ F is the value of a finite number of continuous linear functions of f, each evaluation having cost c(d). Previous work has assumed that F was the unit ball of a Sobolev space Hr of fixed smoothness r, and it was found that the complexity of computing an ϵ-approximation was comp(ϵ; d) = Θ(c(d)(1/ϵ) d=(r+m) ). Since the exponent of 1=ϵ depends on d, we see that the problem is intractable in 1=ϵ for any such F of fixed smoothness r. In this paper, we ask whether we can break intractability by letting F be the unit ball of a space of infinite smoothness. To be specific, we let F be the unit ball of a Hardy space of analytic functions defined over a complex d-dimensional ball of radius greater than one. We then show that the problem is tractable in 1/ϵ. More precisely, we prove that comp (ϵ; d) = Θ(c (d) (ln1/ϵ) d), where Θ-constant depends on d. Since for any p > 0, there is a function K(.) such that comp(ϵ, d) ≤ c(d)K(d)(1/ϵ)p for sufficiently small ϵ, we see that the problem is tractable, with (minimal) exponent 0. Furthermore, we show how to construct a finite element p-method (in the sense of Babuska) that can compute an ϵ-approximation with cost Θ(c(d)(ln1/ϵ) d). Hence this finite element method is nearly optimal complexity algorithm for d-dimensional elliptic problems with analytic data.
Seasonal effects of heavy axle loads on flexible pavement response
Creators: name: Abdelfattah, Ahmed Mohamed
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 88-92
description: The reduction of the sub grade strength during the spring thaw season is a major factor considered by road authorities in the seasonal frost areas. Axle loads that would not normally damage a pavement may cause significant damage during the spring thaw season. Consequently, road authorities impose seasonal load restrictions on the heavy axle loads to minimize pavement damage. In Provinces where the demand of the heavy equipment increases as in Alberta, satisfying the legal axle load is a challenge facing the heavy equipment operators. In Alberta, the Nisku test road was built and instrumented to investigate the seasonal variation of pavement response under the heavy vehicles. Nisku test road description and instrumentation design are presented in the research. Also presented in this research is the seasonal variation of the pavement response, which was measured in the field for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement, under the standard and heavy axle loads for five seasons, spring 2005, fall 2005, winter 2006, fall 2006 and winter 2007. The analysis includes the calculation of the Load equivalency Factor (LEF), the verification of the subgrade resilient modulus (Mr) that are presented in APDM 97 and the determination of pavement structure that accommodates the heavy vehicles. Finally, a case study is presented using two major highways (Highway 63 and Highway 881) to investigate the effect of running the heavy axle loads on pavement structure. A Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is performed for two different pavement structures for a service life of 20 years.
Additional file 1 of Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Burkina Faso: a community-based cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Yaro, Jean Baptiste
name: Ouedraogo, Alphonse
name: Diarra, Amidou
name: Sombié, Salif
name: Ouedraogo, Z. Amidou
name: Nébié, Issa
name: Drakeley, Chris
name: Sirima, Sodiomon B.
name: Tiono, Alfred B.
name: Lindsay, Steven W.
name: Wilson, Anne L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Formulaire de selection enrolement.
Outward FDI from Greece and its policy context
Creators: name: Bitzenis, Aristidis P.
name: Vlachos, Vasileios A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: With the fall of centrally planned economies in the Balkans, their liberalization and the opening of their borders to free trade and capital movements, Greece became more active in the generation of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Greece's OFDI stock increased from US$ 3 billion in 1990 to US$ 6 billion in 2000 and to US$ 38 billion in 2010. The Europeanization process of Turkey and the transition of the economies in the Balkans was accompanied by a gradual rise of FDI from Greece into those economies. More than half of Greece's OFDI stock — over US$ 20 billion in 2009 (67% of total) — is located in South-East Europe: in the Balkans, Cyprus and Turkey. While Greece's early OFDI flows were directed to the secondary sector to reduce costs, the bulk of later flows was directed to the services sector, as new markets were opened. This shift signifies the rise of major corporate players. The Greek Balkan policy, which commenced through the European Union, and the upgrading of the Athens Stock Exchange have positively affected Greece's position as a key regional investor. The expectations for sustaining this leading role, however, have been weakened recently since, due to the Greek sovereign debt crisis, Greek multinational enterprises (MNEs) disinvested US$ 1.6 billion from their FDI abroad in 2010.
Solanum microphyllum var. tomentosum Dunal
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum microphyllum
Solanum microphyllum (lam.) dunal var. tomentosum dunal in dc., prodr. 13(1): 193. 1852

description: Solanum microphyllum (Lam.) Dunal var.  tomentosum Dunal in DC., Prodr. 13(1): 193. 1852 Type: “ Santo Domingo ”, C. Bertero s.n. (holotype G-DC [IDC microfiche 800-61.2077: II.6]; isotype (probable), MO [MO-5468004]).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
New Insights into Waterflood and Polymer EOR in a Conventional Heavy Oil Reservoir with Wormhole-like Channels
Creators: name: Ulovich, Ivan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemistry--Polymer
subject: Energy
subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Petroleum

description: The majority of reviewed publications on conventional heavy oil recovery appears to be mostly based on laboratory-scale core floods, focusing on the importance of mobility ratio, viscous fingering, capillary cross-flow and foamy oil effects, while many published field-scale simulation studies are often too generic without historical data validations. This comprehensive research work is based on history-matched field data and studies the impact of various heavy oil processes such as wormhole-like channels modelled with dual permeability, foamy oil effects, capillary imbibition as well as enhanced (EOR) and improved (IOR) oil recovery methods. As a result, this thesis has contributed to better understanding of conventional heavy oil reservoirs by showing the importance of gravity forces, the significance of EOR polymer properties, the effects of an IOR conformance treatment, the potential benefits of hot and variable-rate enhanced recovery floods and finally the impact of a secondary polymer flood over a tertiary one – all using a simplified symmetry model with calibrated injection and production data that has proved to be a very practical and efficient method to predict average field production performance.
An Autonomic Reliability Improvement System for Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Wu, Leon Li
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Computer science

description: System reliability is a fundamental requirement of cyber-physical systems. Unreliable systems can lead to disruption of service, financial cost and even loss of human life. Typical cyber-physical systems are designed to process large amounts of data, employ software as a system component, run online continuously and retain an operator-in-the-loop because of human judgment and accountability requirements for safety-critical systems. This paper describes a data-centric runtime monitoring system named ARIS (Autonomic Reliability Improvement System) for improving the reliability of these types of cyber-physical systems. ARIS employs automated online evaluation, working in parallel with the cyber-physical system to continuously conduct automated evaluation at multiple stages in the system workflow and provide real-time feedback for reliability improvement. This approach enables effective evaluation of data from cyber-physical systems. For example, abnormal input and output data can be detected and flagged through data quality analysis. As a result, alerts can be sent to the operator-in-the-loop, who can then take actions and make changes to the system based on these alerts in order to achieve minimal system downtime and higher system reliability. We have implemented ARIS in a large commercial building cyber-physical system in New York City, and our experiment has shown that it is effective and efficient in improving building system reliability.
Additional file 1 of Clinical Data based XGBoost Algorithm for infection risk prediction of patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a 10-year (2012–2021) Multicenter Retrospective Case-control study
Creators: name: Zheng, Jing
name: Li, Jianjun
name: Zhang, Zhengyu
name: Yu, Yue
name: Tan, Juntao
name: Liu, Yunyu
name: Gong, Jun
name: Wang, Tingting
name: Wu, Xiaoxin
name: Guo, Zihao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Nonlinear PT-symmetric plaquettes
Creators: name: Li, Kai
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Guenther, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce four basic two-dimensional (2D) plaquette configurations with onsite cubic nonlinearities, which may be used as building blocks for 2D PT -symmetric lattices. For each configuration, we develop a dynamical model and examine its PT symmetry. The corresponding nonlinear modes are analyzed starting from the Hamiltonian limit, with zero value of the gain-loss coefficient. Once the relevant waveforms have been identified (chiefly, in an analytical form), their stability is examined by means of linearization in the vicinity of stationary points. This reveals diverse and, occasionally, fairly complex bifurcations. The evolution of unstable modes is explored by means of direct simulations. In particular, stable localized modes are found in these systems, although the majority of identified solutions is unstable.
Approximation of Linear Operators on a Wiener Space
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: We study optimal algorithms and optimal information in an average case model for linear problems in a Wiener space. We show that a linear algorithm is optimal among all algorithms. We illustrate the theory by interpolation, integration and approximation. We prove that adaption does not help.
Solanum didymacanthum Millsp.
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum didymacanthum

description: Solanum didymacanthum Millsp., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 183. 1906 Type: Bahamas. Exuma: Hayne’s road, 22-28 Feb 1905, N. Britton & C. Millspaugh 3037 (holotype, F [F- 174174, F neg. 51388]; isotypes, K [K, NY [NY 00111366], US [US-849507, barcode US00027549]).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
The effects of peers' fairness opinions regarding past treatment and an authority figure's subsequent behavior on perceptions of international justice and retaliation
Creators: name: Jones, David H.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Social psychology
subject: Fairness
subject: Justice
subject: Organizational justice
subject: Organizational behavior
subject: Interpersonal relations

description: Bibliography: p. 109-136.
Colonization of intestinal microbiota with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in paediatric intensive care units in Cairo, Egypt
Creators: name: Farahat, Mohamed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60502 Infectious Agents
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: Background and study aimsColonized patients with carbapenamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are vulnerable to invasive infections from their endogenous flora. We aimed to assess faecal colonization with (CPE) among children admitted to Cairo University paediatric intensive care units (ICUs). The phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were also studied.Patients and methodsA total of 413 Enterobacteriaceae isolates have been isolated from cultured rectal swabs of 100 children. All swabs were inoculated on ChromID™ CARBA agar to screen for carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Disk diffusion method, Modified Hodge test (MHT) and further genotypic detection of carbapenemases genes (blaOXA-48, blaKPC and blaNDM-1, blaVIM and blaIMP) by multiplex PCR were done.ResultsOut of 413 Enterobacteriaceae isolates; 100 isolates were defined as CRE. BlaOXA-48 was detected in (33%); Escherichia coli (n = 11), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 3) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 19), while (27%) carried blaNDM-1 Escherichia coli (n = 7), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 20).ConclusionPrevalence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 24%, various genes of carbapenemases were detected in 80% of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae with dominance of blaOXA-48. Understanding the colonization status of our patients with strict infection control measures can reduce the risk of horizontal gene transfer of carbapenemases.
Influences of drought on the stability of an alpine meadow ecosystem
Creators: name: Zhang, Tao
name: Ji, Ximeng
name: Xu, Mingjie
name: Zhao, Guang
name: Zheng, Zhoutao
name: Tang, Yuanyuan
name: Chen, Ning
name: Zhu, Juntao
name: He, Yongtao
name: Zhang, Yangjian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Drought plays a prominent role in affecting ecosystem stability and ecosystem productivity. Based on eddy covariance and climatic observations during 2012–2020, the Fisher discriminant analysis method was employed to accurately detect drought occurrences. Furthermore, the ecosystem water sensitivity and its resistance to drought were quantified to evaluate the ecosystem stability. The results showed that the alpine meadow suffered drought most frequently at the beginning of the growing seasons. However, drought during the peak growing seasons reduced the gross primary productivity (GPP) the most, by 30.5 ± 15.2%. In the middle of the peak growing seasons, the ecosystem water sensitivity was weak, and thus, the resistance to drought was strong, which resulted in high ecosystem stability. At the beginning and end of the peak growing seasons, the ecosystem stability was relatively weak. Ecosystem stability was positively related to the corresponding multiyear average soil water content (SWCave). However, drought occurring during high SWCave periods led to larger reductions in GPP, which indicated that the inhibitory effects of drought on ecosystems were more dependent on the occurrence time of droughts than on ecosystem stability.
Additional file 1 of Temporomandibular dysfunction experience is associated with oral health-related quality of life: an Australian national study
Creators: name: Hanna, Kamal
name: Nair, Rahul
name: Amarasena, Najith
name: Armfield, Jason M.
name: Brennan, David S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary analyses that included a confirmatory factor analysis for the DCQ for TMD, examination of regression residuals and an alternative complex samples linear regression models for log-transformed OHIP-14 overall and domains scores.
On the Power of Probabilistic Polynomial Time: PNP[log] ⊆ PP
Creators: name: Hemachandra, Lane A.
name: Wechsung, Gerd
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: We show that every set in the ΘP2 level of the polynomial hierarchy -- that is, every set polynomial-time truth-table reducible to SAT -- is accepted by a probabilistic polynomialtime Turing machine: PNP[log] ⊆ PP.
Creating a spark: A practice-as-research project integrating science and theatre to arouse curiosity about the natural world
Creators: name: Bannister, Sarah Elaine
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Science Communication
subject: Science Engagement
subject: Immersive
subject: Participatory
subject: Devised
subject: Learning Through Play
subject: Collaborative Design
subject: Theater
subject: Education
subject: Education--Adult and Continuing
subject: Education--Sciences

description: This document details a five-part research project inspired by the divide between the sciences and theatre. It begins with research into this divide, historical examples of connections between science and theatre, and strategies for reconnecting science and theatre. Next is the analysis of interviews with professionals working at this nexus, conducted by the researcher, and a workshop built to test strategies for exciting artists about science. The fourth section details the devising of a plant science and mycology inspired theatre production designed to re-excite people about the natural world and increase their interest in interdisciplinary work. The final section analyses feedback from the cast, workshop participants, and audience members to determine the impact of the process, workshop, and production, and to identify useful strategies for science communication through theatre. Though the divide between theatre and science is understandable, there is incredible potential in connecting these disparate disciplines. When a powerful communication tool like theatre is combined with a scientific subject that encourages critical thinking, the product can inspire deeper thought about the world around us and encourage deeper connections with that world and its inhabitants.
Shape from Lambertian Photometric Flow Fields
Creators: name: Wolff, Lawrence B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: A new idea for the analysis of shape from reflectance maps is introduced in this paper. It is shown that local surface orientation and curvature constraints can be obtained at points on a smooth surface by computing the instantaneous rate of change of reflected scene radiance caused by angular variations in illumination geometry. The resulting instantaneous changes in image irradiance values across an optic sensing array of pixels constitute what is termed a photometric flow field. Unlike optic flow fields which are instantaneous changes in position across an optic array of pixels caused by relative motion, there is no correspondence problem with respect to obtaining the instantaneous change in image irradiance values between successive image frames. This is because the object and camera remain static relative to one another as the illumination geometry changes. There are a number of advantages to using photometric flow fields. One advantage is that local surface orientation and curvature at a point on a smooth surface can be uniquely determined by only slightly varying the incident orientation of an illuminator within a small local neighborhood about a specific incident orientation. Robot manipulators and rotation/positioning jigs can be accurately varied within small ranges of motion. Conventional implementation of photometric stereo requires the use of three vastly different incident orientations of an illuminator requiring either much calibration and/or gross and inaccurate robot arm motions. Another advantage of using photometric flow fields is the duality that exists between determining unknown local surface orientation from a known incident illuminator orientation and determining an unknown incident illuminator orientation from a known local surface orientation. The equations for photometric flow fields allow the quantitative determination of the incident orientation of an illuminator from an object having a known calibrated surface orientation. Computer simulations will be shown depicting photometric flow fields on a Lambertian sphere. Simulations will be shown depicting how photometric flow fields quantitatively determine local surface orientation from a known incident orientation of an illuminator as well as determining incident illuminator orientation from a known local surface orientation.
Particles with spin in stationary flat spacetimes
Creators: name: Barbot, Thierry
name: Meusburger, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct stationary flat three-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds with singularities that are obtained from Euclidean surfaces with cone singularities and closed one-forms on these surfaces. In the application to (2+1)-gravity, these spacetimes correspond to models containing massive particles with spin. We analyse their geometrical properties, introduce a generalised notion of global hyperbolicity and classify all stationary flat spacetimes with singularities that are globally hyperbolic in that sense. We then apply our results to (2+1)-gravity and analyse the causality structure of these spacetimes in terms of measurements by observers. In particular, we derive a condition on observers that excludes causality violating light signals despite the presence of closed timelike curves in these spacetimes.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, references and explanations added
Additional file 1 of A distinct circular DNA profile intersects with proteome changes in the genotoxic stress-related hSOD1G93A model of ALS
Creators: name: Gerovska, Daniela
name: Noer, Julie B.
name: Qin, Yating
name: Ain, Quratul
name: Januzi, Donjetë
name: Schwab, Matthias
name: Witte, Otto W.
name: Araúzo-Bravo, Marcos J.
name: Kretz, Alexandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Oxidative stress-induced chromatin changes in ALS motor neurons. A Representative multichannel photomicrograph of the axially transected cervical myelon in a control (Ctrl) and hSOD1G93A (ALS) mutant. Rarified diseased SMI-32+ motor neurons (MNs; purple) of the anterior horn exhibited a higher frequency of mH2A1+ foci (green) in their nuclei (blue) than control MNs. The mH2A1+ chromatin foci are markers of DDR in response to oxidative DNA damage, with their location indicating the activation of PAR-dependent repair cascades. B Higher resolution single-channel images of an individual MN (dotted square) depicted in a control (Ctrl) and mutant (ALS) specimen. The nuclear Fucci red+ reporter signal assures the cell cycle-arrested, post-replicative state of SMI-32+ MNs. C Quantitative evaluation of mH2A1+ nuclear foci in control (Ctrl) and hSOD1G93A mutant (ALS) MNs. Indicated p-values were assessed by two-way ANOVA. **p < 0.01. For each group, n = 3. Scale bar in A, B: 20 μm. Channel illustration in A, B engaged pseudo-coloring.
Additional file 1 of A chair at the table: a scoping review of the participation of refugees in community-based participatory research in healthcare
Creators: name: Filler, Tali
name: Benipal, Pardeep Kaur
name: Torabi, Nazi
name: Minhas, Ripudaman Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Search Strategies.
Pseudoscalar meson form factors and decays
Creators: name: Dorokhov, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this communication we discuss few topics related with modern experimental data on the physics of light pseudoscalar mesons. It includes the contribution of the pseudoscalar mesons to the muon anomalous magnetic moment (AMM), $g-2$, the rare decays of light pseudoscalar mesons to lepton pair, the transition form factors of pseudoscalar mesons at large momentum transfer, the pion transversity form factor. Measuring the muon anomalous magnetic moment $g-2$ and the rare decays of light pseudoscalar mesons into lepton pair $P\rightarrow l^{+}l^{-} $ serve as important test of the standard model. To reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the standard model predictions the data on the transition form factors of light pseudoscalar mesons play significant role. Recently new data on behavior of these form factors at large momentum transfer was supplied by the BABAR collaboration. Within the nonlocal chiral quark model it shown how to describe these data and how the meson distribution amplitude evolves as a function of the dynamical quark masses and meson masses.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, based on the talks given at Hadron Structure 11 (Slovakia, Tatransk\'a \v{S}trba, June 27th - July 1st, 2011), The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics (Gomel, Belarus, August 1 - 12, 2011), International Workshop on e+e- collisions from Phi to Psi (Novosibirsk, Russia, September 19-22, 2011)
INFUSE Test Management
Creators: name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Perry, Dewayne E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: This technical report consists of the two papers discussing testing technology. INFUSE: Integration Testing with Crowd Control describes the test management facilities provided by the lNFUSE change management system. lNFUSE partially automates the construction of test harnesses and regression test suites at each level of the integration hierarchy from components available from lower levels. Adequate Testing and Object-Oriented Programming applies the axions of adequate testing to object-oriented programming languages and examines their implications. Contrary to our original expectations, we discover that in the general case classes must be retested in every context of reuse.
Lightweight Resource Reservation Signaling: Design, Performance and Implementation
Creators: name: Pan, Ping
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: Recent studies take two different approaches to admission control. Some argue that due scalability limitations, using a signaling protocol to setup reservations is too costly and CPU-intensive for routers. Instead, end users should apply various end-to-end measurement-based mechanisms to run admission control. Several other proposals have recommended to reduce the number of reservations in the network by using aggregation algorithms, and, thus, reduce the number of signaling messages and states. We study the signaling cost factors, propose several solutions that achieve good performance with reduced processing cost, and evaluate an implementation of a lightweight signaling protocol that incorporates these solutions. First, we identify some the protocol design issues that determine protocol complexity and efficiency, namely the choice of a two-pass vs. one-pass reservation model, partial reservation, and the effect of reservation fragmentation. We also explore several design options that can speed up reservation setup and quickly recover from reservation fragmentation. Based on the conclusion of these studies, we developed a lightweight signaling protocol that can achieve good performance with low processing cost. We also show that with careful implementation and by using some of basic hashing techniques to manage flow states, we can support up to 10,000 flow setups per second (or about 300,000 active flows) on a commodity 700 MHz Pentium PC.
Development Tools for Communication Protocols: An Overview
Creators: name: Nounou, Nihal
name: Yemini, Yechiam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper presents an overview of commonly used protocol development tools falling under two categories: construction tools and validation tools. Construction tools are used to develop protocols from specifications to working systems. They include tools for specification synthesis and implementation. Validation tools are used to analyze protocols behavior. They include tools for formal verification, performance evaluation and testing. For each tool, we examine the key underlying issues, outline the main approaches, and illustrate its application to a send-and wait protocol.