Phryganogryllacris unicolor Liu &amp; Wang. Data 1998
Creators: name: He, Zhu-Qing
name: Yin, Zi-Xu
name: Hu, Tian-Hao
name: Huo, Qing-Bo
name: Liu, Xing-Yue
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllacrididae
Phryganogryllacris
Phryganogryllacris unicolor

description: <i>Phryganogryllacris unicolor</i> Liu &amp; Wang, 1998 <i>Phryganogryllacris unicolor</i> Liu &amp; Wang, 1998: 70; Liu &amp; Zhang, 2005: 93; Li <i>et al</i>., 2004: 511; Bian <i>et al</i>., 2021: 244. Distribution: China: Henan (holotype), Gansu, Hebei, Sichuan. Records from Gansu and Sichuan need to confirm, and these were not cited by Bian <i>et al</i>. 2021. New distribution records: Photo records by the authors in this study: 1 female, Heigou, Dandong, Liaoning, China (40°10.50'N, 124°18.02'E), light trap, 30-VII-2022, Liu Xing-Yue (Fig. 1); Photo record: 1 male &amp; 1 female, Wucenglazi, Helan, Liaoyang, Liaoning, China (40°59.48'N, 123°28.95'E, alt. 291 m), light trap, 28-VI-2018, Huo Qing-Bo (Fig. 2). Specimens: 1 male, Fenglingu, Guanmengshan, Benxi, Liaoning, China (41°6.85'N, 124°14.10'E, alt. 514 m), 26- VII-2023, coll. He Zhu-Qing (Fig. 3–9). iNaturalist records: 1 male, Xinbin, Fushun, Liaoning, China, 41°45.97'N, 124°36.78'E, 2-VIII-2022, cute_cat, photo#174048151; 1 female, Labagoumen, Huairou, Beijing, China, 40°57.06'N, 116°30.68'E, 15-VII-2022, carabus, photo#174840199; 1 female, Baihuashan, Mentougou, Beijing, China, 39°50.32'N, 115°34.48'E, 21-VII-2020, straybird726, photo#129101860; 1 female, Tuoliangshan, Pingshan, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China, 38°43.26'N, 113°48.25'E, 9-VIII-2020, seventeennature, photo#102399333; 1 female, Dengfeng, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 34°29.18'N, 112°55.51'E, 16-VI-2014, qwpool, photo#143639197. The morphological features of the specimens from Liaoning (Figs. 1–9) is completely consistent with those described by Liu and Wang (1998). Moreover, four records from different localities of Liaoning provide strong evidence for its natural distribution (Fig. 10). These records indicate that this species emerges as adults in June, July and August, which is similar to other records from Beijing, Henan and Hebei (Liu &amp; Wang 1998, Li <i>et al</i>. 2014, iNaturalist 2023). In Japan, <i>N</i>. <i>testaceus</i> overwinters as nymph stage (Ichikawa <i>et al</i>. 2006). Whether <i>P</i>. <i>unicolor</i> overwinters as nymph stage is unknown and more observations are needed. Loss of wings occurs in many insect groups (Roff 1990; Wagner &amp; Liebherr 1992). In Japan, <i>N</i>. <i>testaceus</i> is apterous occurring as north as Hokkaido, and <i>Eugryllacris japonica</i> (Matsumura &amp; Shiraki 1908) is macropterous occurring as north as Honshu. In Korea, <i>E. japonica</i> is only distributed in south area, such as Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju-do (Kim <i>et al</i>. 2014; Storozhenko <i>et al</i>. 2015), while <i>N</i>. <i>testaceus</i> can be found in north areas. In North America, <i>C</i>. <i>carolinensis</i> is apterous occurring as north as Point Pelee National Park, while <i>Brachybaenus studti</i> (Griffini, 1911) is macropterous occurring as north as central Mexico (iNaturalist 2023, photo#25301207). It seems that macropterous gryllacridid individuals do not occur as far north in some areas as do apterous gryllacridids. In China, <i>P</i>. <i>unicolor</i> possesses wings and occurs as north as Liaoning. However, Chinese apterous species, such as <i>Apterolarnaca</i> (<i>Bianigryllacris</i>) <i>biloba</i> (Liu, Bi &amp; Zhang, 2010) and <i>Melaneremus laticeps</i> (Karny, 1926), only are known as far north as Tianmu Mountain in southeastern China (Bian <i>et al</i>. 2021). Moreover, other northern species in China are all relatives of <i>P</i>. <i>unicolor</i>, such as <i>P</i>. <i>laoshanica</i> Yin, Wang &amp; Shen, 2021 and <i>P</i>. <i>sheni</i> Niu &amp; Shi, 1999. All their life cycles are still unknown. Their special overwintering biology seems well worth researching.
description: Published as part of <i>He, Zhu-Qing, Yin, Zi-Xu, Hu, Tian-Hao, Huo, Qing-Bo &amp; Liu, Xing-Yue, 2023, The northernmost record of macropterous Gryllacrididae species in the world, pp. 397-400 in Zootaxa 5339 (4)</i> on pages 398-399, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5339.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/8309386
description: {"references": ["Liu, X. - W. &amp; Wang, Z. - G. (1998) A survey of katydids from the Henan province, China (Orthoptera). Henan Science, 16 (1), 66 - 76.", "Liu, X. - W. &amp; Zhang, W. - N. (2005) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea and Stenopelmatoidea. In: Yang, X. - K. (Ed.), Insect fauna of middle-west Qinling range and south mountains of Gansu province. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 87 - 94.", "Bian, X., Liu, J. &amp; Yang, Z. Z. (2021) Annotated Checklist of Chinese Ensifera: The Gryllacrididae. Zootaxa, 4969 (2), 201 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4969.2.1", "Li, M. - M, Fang, Y., Liu, X. - W. &amp; Li, K. (2014) Taxonomic revision of the genus Phryganogryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) from China. Zoological Systematics, 39 (4), 507 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs 20140404", "Ichikawa, A., Ito, F., Kano, Y., Kawai, M., Tominaga, O. &amp; Murai, T. (2006) Orthoptera of the Japanese Archipelago in color. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, 688 pp.", "Roff, D. A. (1990) The evolution of flightlessness in insects. Ecological Monographs, 60 (4), 389 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1943013", "Wagner, D. L. &amp; Liebherr, J. K. (1992) Flightlessness in insects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 7 (7), 216 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0169 - 5347 (92) 90047 - F", "Kim, T., Jeong, B. &amp; Shim, J. (2014) A contribution to the fauna of raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae) in Korea. Zootaxa, 3900 (1), 95 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3900.1.5", "Storozhenko, S. Y., Kim, T. - W. &amp; Jeon, M. - J. (2015) Monograph of Korean Orthoptera. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 377 pp."]}