Phylloicus camargoi Quinteiro & Calor, new species
Creators: name: Quinteiro, Fabio B.
name: Calor, Adolfo R.
name: Froehlich, Claudio G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Calamoceratidae
Phylloicus
Phylloicus camargoi

description: Phylloicus camargoi Quinteiro & Calor, new species
(Figs 1–6)
This species has a singular shape of tergum X which has a short, digitate, setose, basodorsal process, and 2 pairs of very short processes: A pair of digitate, hairless, posterolateral processes, and a pair of very short, posteromesal processes. The color of this species is also very conspicuous: Each forewing has 2 golden longitudinal bands and a whitish transversal one, which makes it easy to distinguish this species from the other Phylloicus species.
Adults. Forewing length 8–10.2 mm (n = 96).
Head: Yellowish brown. Antennae long, about 1.5 length of forewings. Maxillary palps yellow and densely covered by setae, 5-segmented, segment IV about 2.5 times shorter than others. Labial palps pale yellow, 3-segmented.
Thorax: Pterothorax yellowish brown dorsally and pale yellow laterally and ventrally. Wing venation typical for the genus (Fig. 1). Forewings flat, dark brown, each with 2 golden longitudinal bands, one close to base of Sc, other over basal 1/3rd of R; and transversal band of silver-white setae over base of discal cell; nygma without white setae. Hind wing basal brush absent. Hind legs each with posterior fringe of long, dark setae. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4.
Male (Fig. 2): Body length about 6.1 mm (n = 21).
Abdomen: Terga and sterna very sclerotized. Coremata and modifications of abdominal terga absent. Sternum IX subequal to length of sternum VIII, with row of setae near distal ventrolateral margin. Inferior appendages short and stout, each with setae over coxopodite (basal article) and small peglike setae on apex of short and rounded harpago (apical article) (Figs 2 A, B). Preanal appendages long, exceeding length of tergum X, digitate, narrow with many long setae (Figs 2 A, C). Tergum X bearing short, digitate and setose basodorsal process (Figs 2 A, C), pair of short, digitate, hairless, lateral processes (Figs 2 A, C), and 2 pairs of very short processes on posterior margin: One pair of digitate, hairless, posterolateral processes and pair of posteromesal processes (Fig. 2 C). Phallus long, curved in lateral view (Fig. 2 D), phallotremal sclerites average size (longest dimension nearly as long as diameter of phallobase), very sclerotized, and horseshoe-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 2 E).
Female (Fig. 3): Body length about 6.3 mm (n = 8).
Abdomen: Terga and sterna very sclerotized. Sternum VIII with wide and deep notch on anterior margin, small and shallow notch on posterior one, band of small setae on posterior 1/3rds, row of long setae on posterior margin (Fig. 3 C). Tergum IX with hairless and sclerotized posteromesal acuminate process (Fig. 3 B). Sternum IX with sclerotized and striated anterior and posterior lobes (Fig. 3 A). Posterior vaginal sclerite quadrate, anterior margin rounded. Anterior vaginal sclerite triangular (above the posterior vaginal sclerite in Fig. 3 A). Ventral lobe triangular and very sclerotized (Fig. 3 A). Segment X with short, rounded preanal appendages covered by long setae; tergum X with shallow notch in middle of posterior margin with 2 rounded ridges beside it (Fig. 3 B).
5th instar larva (Figs 4–5). Body length about 9 mm (n = 8). Head and thorax dark brown and abdomen pale yellow.
FIGURE 1. Phylloicus camargoi, n. sp., wings. A—right forewing, dorsal view; B—right hind wing, dorsal view. A1 = first anal vein, Cu1a -Cu1b and Cu2 = cubital veins, M1-M4 = medial veins, R1-R5 = radial veins, Sc = subcostal vein. Dashed lines = bands of setae
Head: Elongate, dark brown with yellowish spots. Antennae short. Labrum with secondary setae. Frontoclypeal apotome triangular, wider anteriorly with weak constriction in middle, with 3 major spots (Fig. 4 B). Mandibles each with 3 teeth. Labium wide basally, with 3 rounded apical lumps, central one being bigger than other 2 (Fig. 4 C). Ventral apotome small and triangular, slightly concave anteriorly (Fig. 4 C).
Thorax: Pronotum sclerotized, dark brown, with 2 long, anterolateral processes, each bearing 2 long and 1 short setae. Mesonotum membranous, setal areas (sa 1, sa 2 and sa 3) present, sa 1 each with 1 short seta, sa 2 each with 2 short and 1 long setae, sa 3 each on prominent, separate anterolateral sclerite with 2 long and 4–6 short setae. Metanotum membranous, sa 1 each with 1 long seta, sa 2 each with 2 long setae, and sa 3 each with 1 anterolateral sclerite, slightly sclerotized, with 4 short and 2 long setae (Fig. 4 A). Legs pale yellow with few setae (Figs 5 B–D), each fore trochantin well developed, tapered anteriorly and sinuous (Fig. 5 B).
Abdomen: Membranous, pale yellow. Gills each with 1 or 2 filaments. Segment I with dorsal and pair of lateral humps well developed, lateral humps each rounded and with sclerotized apical region. Segments III–VII setose along lateral line from anterior edge of segment III through anterior part of segment VII. Segment VII setose dorsally on posterior region (Fig. 5 A). Anal prolegs each with very sclerotized hook and long setae (Fig. 5 E).
Case (5th instar): Made of fragments of leaves of various sizes; length up to 22 mm.
Pupa (Fig. 6). Body length about 9.8 mm (n = 17), general color yellowish brown.
Head: Antennae each with stout scape, pedicel cylindrical, twice as long as a flagellomere. Mandibles falciform and well-developed, left one with 3 thick and long basolateral setae, right one with 2 such setae (Fig. 6 A). Maxillary palps long and 5-segmented. Labial palps short and 3-segmented. Clypeus short.
Thorax: Pronotum narrow. Mesonotum wide. Metanotum small. Middle legs with row of long setae along tarsi. Wing pads extending to abdominal segment VI.
Abdomen: Hook plates elliptical. Anterior hook plates on segments I, III–VIII, posterior hook plates on segment V; hooks curved backward, except on posterior hook plates on segment V (curved forward). Number of hooks on each hook plate variable among the analyzed specimens (n = 17): Segment I hook plates with many tiny hooks; segment III hook plates with 1-3 hooks; segment IV hook plates with 1-3 hooks, usually 2 on each hook plate (n = 13); segment V anterior hook plates with 1-3 hooks, usually 2 on each hook plate (n = 13); segment V posterior hook plates with 2-4 hooks; segment VI hook plates with 2-3 hooks; segment VII hook plates with 1-3 hooks; segment VIII hook plates with 1-3 hooks, usually 2 on each hook plate (n = 12); and shape of these hook plates variable among the analyzed specimens. Segment IX with very long and straight anal processes (subequal to length of segment IX), each bearing very long setae on basal 1/4th and 3 shorter setae subapically (Fig. 6 B).
Material examined. Holotype: Brazil: São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto, Campus USP, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, 21°10’04”S, 47°51’25”W, 22.vi.2005 (Calor, A.R.) — 1 male (MZUSP). Paratypes: same data as holotype— 1 female (MZUSP); same except 24.vi.2005 — 24 males, 2 females (UMSP); same except 13.v.2005, reared in Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, FFCLRP (MZUSP)— 10 males, 2 females, 8 larvae, 8 cases and 10 pupae exuviae; same except 16.v.2005 — 2 males (MZUSP); same except 20.v.2005 — 34 males, 1 female (MZUFBA); same except 21.vi.2005 — 4 males (MZUFBA); same except 22.vi.2005 — 4 males (UMSP); same except 20.vii.2005 – 4 larvae and 3 cases (MZUSP); same except 04.vii.2005, reared in Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, FFCLRP— 3 males, 7 females, 9 pupae exuviae and 1 case (MZUSP).
Etymology. The new species name honors the memory of Dr. João Maria Franco de Camargo, a great entomologist from FFCLRP/USP, who strongly supported the very first inclination of the authors (FBQ and ARC) to the study of insects.
Taxonomical remarks. Some morphological similarities are noticeable between P. c a m a rg o i, n. sp., and other species in the genus, that are discussed with respect to the characters proposed in the key of Prather (2003) and to other characters from species descriptions. Based on some characters (terga III–V are unmodified, without coremata; the tibial spur formula is 2,4,4; sternum VIII is similar to anterior sterna; sternum IX is not elongate), P. camargoi, n. sp., is placed among 11 other species [P. paprockii Prather, P. yolandae Prather, P. bertioga Prather, P. aculeatus (Blanchard), P. magnus Banks, P. l l a v i u c o Prather, P. fenestratus Flint, P. obliquus Navás, P. plaumanni Flint, P. bidigitatus Prather, and P. monneorum Dumas & Nessimian]. Additionally, P. ca m a rg oi, n. sp., has phallotremal sclerites nearly as long as the diameter of the phallobase (average size for Prather 2003), and the preanal appendages are subequal to (slightly longer than) tergum X, characters shared with only 5 of those species (P. l l a v i - uco, P. fenestratus, P. obliquus, P. plaumanni, and P. bidigitatus). Phylloicus llaviuco has a forewing length of 16 mm or more, against 8–10.2 mm in P. camargoi, n. sp. Tergum X of P. camargoi, n. sp. has 2 pairs of very short processes on the posterior margin, and each harpago is rounded and short, providing characters to differentiate it from the remaining 4 congeners of this group (Figs 6 A, C). Phylloicus fenestratus has an acute tergum X without processes on the posterior margin (Fig. 51B from Prather 2003) and each harpago is slightly tapered (Fig. 51C from Prather 2003). Phylloicus plaumanni possesses a tergum X bearing 2 short posterior processes (Fig. 92B from Prather 2003) and each harpago is sharply tapered (Fig. 92A from Prather 2003). Phylloicus obliquus has tergum X bearing 2 long, posterior processes (Fig. 78B from Prather 2003), and each harpago is sharply tapered (Fig. 78A from Prather 2003), similar to P. bidigitatus (Figs 27A, B from Prather 2003).
Biological notes and rearing methods. Larvae of Phylloicus inhabit both lotic and lentic habitats. Similarly, Phylloicus camargoi n. sp. was found in streams with slow currents and pools (lotic-depositional habitats) and a reservoir (lenthic habitat). In laboratory, the new species was reared in an aquarium with a simple aeration system and without water circulation. Water and plant material were collected in the natural habitat of the new species and added to the aquarium. The water was changed once a week and plant material was added twice a week. The lateinstar portable case of P. camargoi n. sp. is dorsoventrally flattened (depressed) and composed of leaves and/or bark fastened together with a protective hood-like piece overhanging the anterior opening, as described for the genus by Wiggins (1996). In the laboratory, the available leaves were used to construct the case without obvious preference to plant species. This species closes the anterior opening before pupation, similarly to P. medius and P. bromeliarum, but differently from P. m a j o r (Müller 1880). The larva of the new species is detritivorous, feeding on the same leaf litter used to construct the case, as described by Flint et al. (1999).
The adults of P. camargoi n. sp. were active only during the day, from about 1600 to 1800 hrs. In this period, flight activity and copulation were observed in natural conditions.
description: Published as part of Quinteiro, Fabio B., Calor, Adolfo R. & Froehlich, Claudio G., 2011, A new species of Phylloicus Müller, 1880 (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), from southeastern Brazil, including descriptions of larval and pupal stages, pp. 38-46 in Zootaxa 2748 on pages 39-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201963