cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Do conformational changes contribute to the surface plasmon resonance signal?
Creators: name: Dobrovodský, Daniel
name: Di Primo, Carmelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors are widely used instruments for characterizing molecular interactions. In theory the SPR signal depends only on mass changes for interacting molecules of same chemical nature. Whether conformational changes of interacting molecules also contribute to the SPR signal is still a subject of lively debates. Works have been published claiming that conformational changes were detected but all factors contributing to the SPR signal were not carefully considered, in addition to often using no or improper controls. In the present work we used a very well-characterized oligonucleotide, the thrombin-binding DNA aptamer (TBA), which upon binding of potassium ions folds into a two G-tetrad antiparallel G-quadruplex structure. All terms contributing to the maximal expected SPR response, Rmax, in particular the refractive index increment, RII, of both partners and the fraction of immobilized TBA target available, ca, were experimentally assessed. The resulting Rmax was then compared to the maximal experimental SPR response for potassium ions binding to TBA using appropriate controls. Regardless how the RIIs were measured, by SPR or refractometry, and how much TBA available for interacting with potassium ions was considered, the theoretical and the experimental SPR responses never matched, the former being always lower than the latter. Using a straightforward experimental model system and by thoroughly taking into account all contributing factors we therefore conclude that conformational changes can indeed contribute to the measured SPR signal.
Universal quantum gates for hybrid systems assisted by quantum dots inside double-sided optical microcavities
Creators: name: Wei, Hai-Rui
name: Deng, Fu-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some deterministic schemes to construct universal quantum gates, that is, controlled- NOT, three-qubit Toffoli, and Fredkin gates, between flying photon qubits and stationary electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside double-sided optical microcavities. The control qubit of our gates is encoded on the polarization of the moving single photon and the target qubits are encoded on the confined electron spins in quantum dots inside optical microcavities. Our schemes for these universal quantum gates on a hybrid system have some advantages. First, all the gates are accomplished with the success probability of 100% in principle. Second, our schemes require no additional qubits. Third, the control qubits of the gates are easily manipulated and the target qubits are perfect for storage and processing. Fourth, the gates do not require that the transmission for the uncoupled cavity is balanceable to the reflectance for the coupled cavity, in order to get a high fidelity. Fifth, the devices for the three universal gates work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes, and they are feasible in experiment.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Das Schmelzen der Wassertürme : Was der Verlust von Gletschereis für Folgen hat
Creators: name: Van Der Laan, Larissa
name: Förster, Kristian
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Forschungseinrichtung
subject: Klimaänderung
subject: Erdoberfläche
subject: Geologie
subject: Ressourcen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Schwindendes Gletscher- und Meereseis ist schon länger bekannt als ein klarer und besorgniserregender Effekt des Klimawandels. Larissa van der Laan und Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kristian Förster vom Institut für Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft zeigen anhand von Klima- und hydrologischen Daten, wie der Verlust messbar ist und welche Folgen er für die Wasserversorgung in den Alpen haben kann.
Frühwarnsysteme für urbane Sturzfluten : Zu den Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen
Creators: name: Neuweiler, Insa
name: Berkhahn, Simon
name: Feng, Yu
name: Haberlandt, Uwe
name: Graf, Thomas
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Forschungseinrichtung
subject: Klimaänderung
subject: Erdoberfläche
subject: Geologie
subject: Ressourcen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Starkregen und Überflutungen führen insbesondere in urbanen Gebieten (in Städten) zu massiven Schäden. Da bauliche und landschaftsplanerische Möglichkeiten, urbane Hochwasserereignisse zu vermeiden oder zu mindern, oft begrenzt sind, können Frühwarnsysteme geeignet sein, um urbane Überflutungen vorher zu sagen. Prognosen zu den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels lassen erwarten, dass extreme Niederschläge in Zukunft verstärkt auftreten werden. Daher ist eine Vorbereitung auf den Umgang mit stärkeren Wetterextremen notwendig.
The balancing act of template bank construction: inspiral waveform template banks for gravitational-wave detectors and optimizations at fixed computational cost
Creators: name: Keppel, Drew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave searches for signals from inspiralling compact binaries have relied on matched filtering banks of waveforms (called template banks) to try to extract the signal waveforms from the detector data. These template banks have been constructed using four main considerations, the region of parameter space of interest, the sensitivity of the detector, the matched filtering bandwidth, and the sensitivity one is willing to lose due to the granularity of template placement, the latter of which is governed by the minimal match. In this work we describe how the choice of the lower frequency cutoff, the lower end of the matched filter frequency band, can be optimized for detection. We also show how the minimal match can be optimally chosen in the case of limited computational resources. These techniques are applied to searches for binary neutron star signals that have been previously performed when analyzing Initial LIGO and Virgo data and will be performed analyzing Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data using the expected detector sensitivity. By following the algorithms put forward here, the volume sensitivity of these searches is predicted to improve without increasing the computational cost of performing the search.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Klimawandel und Seismizität : Warum das Abschmelzen von Eis Erdbeben begünstigt
Creators: name: Hampel, Andrea
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Forschungseinrichtung
subject: Klimaänderung
subject: Erdoberfläche
subject: Geologie
subject: Ressourcen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Durch den Klimawandel und die dadurch erfolgende Eisschmelze kann es in bisher stabilen Gebieten zu Erdbeben kommen. Prof. Dr. Andrea Hampel vom Institut für Geologie zeigt anhand von Modellierungen und Beispielen aus der geologischen Vergangenheit der Erde, wie Massenänderungen auf der Erdoberfläche die Spannungsverteilung beeinflussen können.
Artificial intelligence based prediction on lung cancer risk factors using deep learning
Creators: name: Sohaib, Muhammad
name: Adewunmi, Mary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this proposed work, we identified the significant research issues on lung cancer risk factors. Capturing and defining symptoms at an early stage is one of the most difficult phases for patients. Based on the history of patients records, we reviewed a number of current research studies on lung cancer and its various stages. We identified that lung cancer is one of the significant research issues in predicting the early stages of cancer disease. This research aimed to develop a model that can detect lung cancer with a remarkably high level of accuracy using the deep learning approach (convolution neural network). This method considers and resolves significant gaps in previous studies. We compare the accuracy levels and loss values of our model with VGG16, InceptionV3, and Resnet50. We found that our model achieved an accuracy of 94% and a minimum loss of 0.1%. Hence physicians can use our convolution neural network models for predicting lung cancer risk factors in the real world. Moreover, this investigation reveals that squamous cell carcinoma, normal, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are the most significant risk factors. In addition, the remaining attributes are also crucial for achieving the best performance.
Reliable copper spot welding with ir laser radiation through short prepulsing
Creators: name: Moalem, A.
name: Von Witzendorff, Philipp
name: Stute, U.
name: Overmeyer, Ludger
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Copper
subject: Laser
subject: Prepulsing
subject: Reliability
subject: Stability
subject: Welding
subject: Convergence of numerical methods
subject: Laser beam welding
subject: Laser radiation
subject: Lasers
subject: Manufacture
subject: Welds
subject: Absorptivities
subject: Diameter variation
subject: Nanosecond pulse
subject: Native oxide layer
subject: Surface oxidations
subject: Welding energy
subject: Welding stability
subject: Spot welding
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: We demonstrate a technique, which significantly enhances the stability of copper welding with laser radiation. After modelling spot welding stability we conclude that oxide layer morphology typical for native oxide layers has to be avoided. We locally normalize the surface oxidation degree using laser pulses in the nanosecond pulse duration regime (short prepulsing). Thereby, the absorptivity is reliably increased, setting uniform starting conditions for laser welding. A process window is identified, where all experimental repetitions lead to successful welds. With prepulsing, the spot weld diameter variation is decreased to 2% and the necessary welding energy is decreased up to 40%.
Quantum Computing with Spatially Delocalized Qubits
Creators: name: Mompart, J.
name: Eckert, K.
name: Ertmer, Wolfgang
name: Birkl, G.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: quantum gates
subject: neutral atoms
subject: qubits
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We analyze the operation of quantum gates for neutral atoms with qubits that are delocalized in space, i.e., the computational basis states are defined by the presence of a neutral atom in the ground state of one out of two trapping potentials. The implementation of single-qubit gates as well as a controlled phase gate between two qubits is discussed and explicit calculations are presented for rubidium atoms in optical microtraps. Furthermore, we show how multiqubit highly entangled states can be created in this scheme. © 2003 The American Physical Society.
Review on Laser Deposition Welding: From Micro to Macro
Creators: name: Kaierle, Stefan
name: Barroi, Alexander
name: Noelke, Christian
name: Hermsdorf, Jörg
name: Overmeyer, Ludger
name: Haferkamp, Heinz
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: hybrid processes
subject: laser cladding
subject: laser deposition
subject: macro
subject: micro
subject: review
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Laser cladding has become an established technology for parts repair and surface modification for cost-intensive components. Due to ongoing improvements of laser sources, process technology and strategy, the range of applications for laser deposition processes is continuously increasing. Critical issues as well as performance and economic efficiency problems have been solved in recent years. Consequently big advances have been done in laser cladding, from micro to macro, from low- to high power as well as in hybrid processes.
Magnetic field induced dielectric relaxation in the strain glass state of Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3
Creators: name: Chandrasekhar, K Devi
name: Das, A K
name: Venimadhav, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the dielectric and magnetodielectric properties of Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 polycrystalline sample. Dielectric permittivity ({ε'}) (and d{ε'}/dT) portrays the charge order and other magnetic transitions observed in the magnetization measurement. Dielectric study has revealed a relaxation corresponding to ordering of polarons ~ 60 K that follows Arrhenius behaviour both in the presence and absence of magnetic field and another relaxation was noticed ~ 30 K only under a critical magnetic field (3.2 T) that shows critical slow down of electronic charges obeying power law. Further, the magnetic field induced relaxation shifts to low temperatures with the increase of magnetic field. The observed field induced dielectric relaxation below the reentered charge ordered state is linked with the rapid motions of boundaries of the coexisting phases towards the martensite phase transformation.
description: 16 pages
Passive and active protective clothing against high-power laser radiation
Creators: name: Hennigs, C.
name: Hustedt, M.
name: Kaierle, Stefan
name: Wenzel, D.
name: Markstein, S.
name: Hutter, A.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Active sensor
subject: Hand-held laser device
subject: Occupational safety
subject: Passive protection
subject: Protective clothing
subject: Textile multilayer
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The main objective of the work described in this paper was the development of passive and active protective clothing for the protection of the human skin against accidental laser irradiation and of active protective curtains. Here, the passive systems consist of functional multi-layer textiles, providing a high level of passive laser resistance. In addition, the active functional multi-layer textiles incorporate sensors that detect laser exposure and are, by means of a safety control, able to deactivate the laser beam automatically. Due to the lack of regulations for testing and qualifying textiles to be used as laser PPE, test methods were defined and validated. Additionally, corresponding testing set-ups were developed. Finally, the gap with respect to standardization was bridged by the definition of a test procedure and the requirements with respect to laser PPE. The developments were demonstrated by a set of tailored functional passive and active laser-protective clothing prototypes (gloves, jackets, aprons, trousers) and active curtains as well as by a prototype testing rig, providing the possibility to perform the specified low-power and high-power textile test procedure.
Various approaches for Blepharoptosis Repair
Creators: name: Κοκιαντώνης, Ανδρέας Ευσταθίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Διόρθωση Βλεφαρόπτωσης
Πρόωθηση του ανελκτήρος μυός του άνω βλεφάρου
Μετωπιαία ανάρτηση
Blepharoptosis repair
Levator palpebrae superioris advancement
Frontalis suspension

description: Η Βλεφαρόπτωση είναι μια πάθηση η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από παθολογικά χαμηλή ανατομική θέση του άνω βλεφάρου στην πρωτεύουσα θέση, η οποία συχνά καταλήγει σε εκτεταμένα λειτουργικά και αισθητικά προβλήματα. Η πάθηση μπορεί να είναι είτε συγγενής, είτε επίκτητη και μπορεί να κατηγοριοποιηθεί περαιτέρω με βάση την αιτία της σε απονευρωτική, μυογενή, νευρογενή, μηχανική και τραυματική. Εφόσον καθοριστεί η αιτιολογία της πάθησης, επιλέγεται η θεραπευτική μέθοδος και παρόλο που κάποιες περιπτώσεις ασθενών μπορούν να βελτιωθούν φαρμακευτικά ή ακόμα και αυτόματα, η συνήθης θεραπεία είναι χειρουργική. Η χειρουργική προσέγγιση μπορεί να εκτελεστεί είτε οπισθίως δια μέσου του επιπεφυκότος, είτε εμπροσθίως δια μέσου του δέρματος. Οι οπίσθιες τεχνικές μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν σε περιπτώσεις ήπιας βλεφαρόπτωσης και περιλαμβάνουν την μέθοδο Fasanella – Servat , την βράχυνση του μυός του Müller, καθώς και την προώθηση της λευκής γραμμής. Σε περιπτώσεις πιο εκτεταμένης βλεφαρόπτωσης προτιμάται μια δια μέσου του δέρματος προσέγγιση, όπως η προώθηση ή η βράχυνση του ανελκτήρος μυός του άνω βλεφάρου ή η μετωπιαία ανάρτηση.
description: Blepharoptosis is a condition characterized by an abnormally low anatomic position of the upper eyelid in primary gaze which often results in significant functional and aesthetic issues. The condition can be either congenital or acquired and can be further subdivided based on its cause in aponeurotic, myogenic, neurogenic, mechanical and traumatic. After determining the causative condition, a treatment approach is chosen and even though some conditions are amenable to pharmacological treatment or even spontaneous improvement, surgery is usually the mainstay of treatment. The surgical approach can be undertaken either posteriorly through the conjunctiva or anteriorly through the skin. Posterior approaches can be used in the case of mild blepharoptosis and include the Fasanella-Servat procedure, Müller’s muscle-conjunctiva resection and White line advancement. In the case of more severe blepharoptosis a transcutaneous approach is preferred, such as levator palpebrae superioris advancement or resection or Frontalis suspension.
Reduced wear and adhesion forces by laser dispersing of ceramics
Creators: name: Nölke, C.
name: Claußen, S.
name: Dudziak, S.
name: Haferkamp, H.
name: Barcikowski, S.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Aluminum nitride
subject: Ceramics
subject: Dispersing
subject: Laser
subject: Processes
subject: Surface treatment
subject: Titanium carbide
subject: Tool wear
subject: Zirconium oxide
subject: Aluminum
subject: Carbide cutting tools
subject: Ceramic materials
subject: Lasers
subject: Metal forming
subject: Nitrides
subject: Oxides
subject: Processing
subject: Titanium
subject: Titanium nitride
subject: Titanium oxides
subject: Tool steel
subject: Zirconia
subject: Adhesion forces
subject: Aluminum oxides
subject: Elemental compositions
subject: Particle distributions
subject: Tailored properties
subject: Dispersions
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Laser dispersing offers a great potential to fabricate layers or tracks with tailored properties threat duce abrasive or adhesive wear at the surface of highly stressed components. Different ceramic powder materials like aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide and titanium carbide have been embedded in the surface of tool steels using laser dispersing. The created layers were investigated regarding their elemental composition, dimension, particle distribution and hardness curve.
Doppler Cooling and Trapping on Forbidden Transitions
Creators: name: Binnewies, T.
name: Wilpers, G.
name: Sterr, U.
name: Riehle, F.
name: Helmcke, J.
name: Mehlstäubler, T.E.
name: Rasel, Ernst Maria
name: Ertmer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Calcium
subject: Computer simulation
subject: Doppler effect
subject: Ground state
subject: Laser beams
subject: Magnetic fields
subject: Monte Carlo methods
subject: Temperature
subject: Bloch equations
subject: Doppler cooling
subject: Magnetooptical trap
subject: Ultracold atoms
subject: Atoms
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Ultracold atoms at temperatures close to the recoil limit have been achieved by extending Doppler cooling to forbidden transitions. A cloud of 40Ca atoms has been cooled and trapped to a temperature as low as 6μK by operating a magnetooptical trap on the spin-forbidden intercombination transition. Quenching the long-lived excited state with an additional laser enhanced the scattering rate by a factor of 15, while a high selectivity in velocity was preserved. With this method, more than 10% of precooled atoms from a standard magnetooptical trap have been transferred to the ultracold trap. Monte Carlo simulations of the cooling process are in good agreement with the experiments. © 2001 The American Physical Society.
Opening New Roadmaps in Cancer Prognosis: Interrogating miRNA-methylome and Lesser-Known Methylations by Electrochemical Biodevices
Creators: name: Povedano, E
name: Ruiz-Valdepeñas, V
name: Sebuyoya, R
name: Torrente-Rodríguez, R.M.
name: Garranzo- Asensio, M
name: Montero-Calle, A
name: Pingarrón, J.M.
name: Barderas, R
name: Bartosik, Martin
name: Campuzano, Susana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The fact that medicine is shifting towards modern precision medicine based on administeringpersonalized therapies at the right time is an undeniable reality. However, despite the continuousadvancements in diagnostic and disease knowledge, late-stage identification leads to discouragingprognoses, making the development of new methodologies for both the discovery and earlydetermination of new markers a top priority.These tempting goals can be fulfilled by exploiting the powerful features offered by electrochemicalbioplatforms, well-recognized promising analytical tools for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring ofdiseases, by providing innovative solutions to the more prevailing clinical barriers through thedetermination of disease-related markers at different omic layers. Among them, epigenome-basedbiomarkers are considered prospective informative entities, and the identification/analysis of the specificdisease’s epigenetic profile is increasingly relevant in clinics due to its implication in the onset andevolution of highly prevalent and deadly pathologies such as cancer. Noteworthy, despite the existenceof biosensing devices for the individual detection of epigenetic biomarkers, including miRNAs andmethylation events, their combined role and effect remain largely unexplored to date. Aware of theirrelevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and prognosis [1], we have pioneered the firstelectrochemical bioplatforms for the simultaneous determination of the total content of miRNA-let-7aand its m6A-methylated fraction.The excellent analytical and operational capabilities reached with the developed bioplatforms, promptedus to exploit them for determining both target markers in tRNA extracted from different CRC-derivedcancer cells and tissues of diagnosed patients, proving the groundbreaking role of miRNA-methylomein CRC diagnosis, prognosis and stratification. Moreover, ongoing efforts persist in exploring emergingand lesser-known epigenetic targets for the fine-tuning of innovative biosensing strategies to advanceour understanding and further characterization of cancer diseases.
Closed loop control for laser micro spot welding using fast pyrometer systems
Creators: name: Stehr, T.
name: Hermsdorf, J.
name: Henning, T.
name: Kling, R.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Copper
subject: Joining
subject: Micro spot welding
subject: Process sensing and controlling
subject: Pyrometers
subject: Electromagnetic wave emission
subject: Metal forming
subject: Power control
subject: Process control
subject: Pyrometry
subject: Spot welding
subject: Welding
subject: Closed-loop control
subject: Conduction welding
subject: Process sensing
subject: Process stability
subject: Reproducibilities
subject: Standard deviation
subject: Surface absorption
subject: Temperature resistant
subject: Closed loop control systems
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Laser micro spot welding offers temperature resistant high strength contacts without filler material. However, due to varying surface absorption properties of copper, the welding quality shows poor reproducibility. To stabilize the process we set up a power control for laser micro spot welding of copper. It consists of a high speed pyrometer and an external micro controller. The subject of the investigations is to apply a constant energy amount using conduction welding to increase the process stability. Using the closed loop control, the standard deviation of pull force for overlap welds is reduced from 3.3N to 1.3N.
Phonon anomaly and anisotropic superconducting gap in non-centrosymmetric Li2(Pd1-xPtx)3B
Creators: name: Eguchi, G.
name: Peets, D. C.
name: Kriener, M.
name: Yonezawa, S.
name: Bao, G.
name: Harada, S.
name: Inada, Y.
name: Zheng, G. -q.
name: Maeno, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the systematic investigation of the specific heat of the noncentrosymmetric supercon- ductor Li2(Pd1-xPtx)3B as a function of x. There is a large deviation of the phononic specific heat from the conventional Debye specific heat for Pt-rich samples. In contrast with the fully-gapped con- ventional behavior for small x, a power-law temperature dependence of the electronic specific heat is observed even at x = 0.5. This results manifest a strongly-anisotropic or nodal superconducting gap even at x = 0.5 and a nodal superconducting gap for x >~ 0.9.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Quantifying stretching and rearrangement in epithelial sheet migration
Creators: name: Lee, Rachel M.
name: Kelley, Douglas H.
name: Nordstrom, Kerstin N.
name: Ouellette, Nicholas T.
name: Losert, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Although understanding the collective migration of cells, such as that seen in epithelial sheets, is essential for understanding diseases such as metastatic cancer, this motion is not yet as well characterized as individual cell migration. Here we adapt quantitative metrics used to characterize the flow and deformation of soft matter to contrast different types of motion within a migrating sheet of cells. Using a Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) analysis, we find that - in spite of large fluctuations - the flow field of an epithelial cell sheet is not chaotic. Stretching of a sheet of cells (i.e., positive FTLE) is localized at the leading edge of migration. By decomposing the motion of the cells into affine and non-affine components using the metric D$^{2}_{min}$, we quantify local plastic rearrangements and describe the motion of a group of cells in a novel way. We find an increase in plastic rearrangements with increasing cell densities, whereas inanimate systems tend to exhibit less non-affine rearrangements with increasing density.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in the New Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/025036
Juncus inflexus
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: J. inflexus L. (J. glaucus Ehrh.) Cat. 353. 2: Finnen ob Eggerberg (Mariétan).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
title: Сельское ростовщичество в Новгородской губернии в начале ХХ века
Creators: name: Васильев, Ярослав
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена отдельным вопросам деятельности сельских ростовщиков Новгородской губернии в начале ХХ века. Рассматриваются причины распространения этого промысла, влияние на жизнь и деятельность сельского населения. Освещаются отдельные стороны деятельности ростовщиков, условия выдачи ссуд, залоги, размер процентов. В статье затрагивается и проблема борьбы с ростовщиками, причины негативного отношения к ним населения и властей.
Unfolding Physics from the Algebraic Classification of Spinor Fields
Creators: name: da Silva, J. M. Hoff
name: da Rocha, Roldão
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After reviewing the Lounesto spinor field classification, according to the bilinear covariants associated to a spinor field, we call attention and unravel some prominent features involving unexpected properties about spinor fields under such classification. In particular, we pithily focus on the new aspects --- as well as current concrete possibilities. They mainly arise when we deal with some non-standard spinor fields concerning, in particular, their applications in physics.
description: 6 pages, accepted for publication in PLB
Boosting transducer matrix sensitivity for 3D large field ultrasound localization microscopy using a multi-lens diffracting layer: a simulation study
Creators: name: Favre, Hugues
name: Pernot, Mathieu
name: Tanter, Mickael
name: Papadacci, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mapping blood microflows of the whole brain is crucial for early diagnosis of cerebral diseases. Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) was recently applied to map and quantify blood microflows in 2D in the brain of adult patients down to the micron scale. Whole brain 3D clinical ULM remains challenging due to the transcranial energy loss which significantly reduces the imaging sensitivity. Large aperture probes with a large surface can increase both resolution and sensitivity. However, a large active surface implies thousands of acoustic elements, with limited clinical translation. In this study, we investigate via simulations a new high-sensitive 3D imaging approach based on large diverging elements, combined with an adapted beamforming with corrected delay laws, to increase sensitivity. First, pressure fields from single elements with different sizes and shapes were simulated. High directivity was measured for curved element while maintaining high transmit pressure. Matrix arrays of 256 elements with a dimension of 10x10 cm with small ( $λ$ /2), large (4 $λ$ ), and curved elements (4 $λ$ ) were compared through point spread functions analysis. A large synthetic microvessel phantom filled with 100 microbubbles per frame was imaged using the matrix arrays in a transcranial configuration. 93% of the bubbles were detected with the proposed approach demonstrating that the multi-lens diffracting layer has a strong potential to enable 3D ULM over a large field of view through the bones.
The optical photometric and spectroscopic investigation of Type IIP supernova 2012A
Creators: name: Roy, Rupak
name: Sutaria, Firoza
name: Bose, Subhash
name: Johnson, Sean
name: Dwarkadas, Vikram
name: York, Brian
name: Kumar, Brijesh
name: Kumar, Brajesh
name: Bhatt, Vijay K.
name: Chakraborti, Sayan
name: York, Don
name: Ritchey, Adam
name: Saurage, Gabrielle
name: Kaiser, Mary Beth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova 2012A was discovered on 7.39UT, January, 2012 in the nearby galaxy NGC 3239 at an unfiltered magnitude of 14.6 and classified spectroscopically as a Type IIP event. Here, we present the optical photometric and spectroscopic follow-up of the event during 14d to 130d post explosion.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, Oral presentation at the IAU Symposium 296: Supernova environmental impacts, India, Jan 7-11 2013
Laser processing of thin glass printed circuit boards with a picosecond laser at 515 nm wavelength
Creators: name: Plat, K.
name: Witzendorff, P.V.
name: Suttmann, O.
name: Overmeyer, Ludger
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ablation
subject: Thin glass printed circuit board
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: High temperature applications of printed circuit boards (PCB) require materials with specifically adapted properties. Hence, conventional electrically isolating glass fiber and epoxy-resin materials have to be replaced by thin borosilicate glass. Therefore, an industrially suitable process to remove the metal coatings from the brittle thin glass has to be developed. Laser processing has the advantage of individualization for the production of customer-specific PCBs. Thus, laser ablation of metal coatings for electrical isolation is investigated with different material composites based on thin glass. The study aims to identify a laser process for a picosecond laser source with 515 nm wavelength to perform the process without damaging the glass substrate with a high throughput.
3D Quasi-Static Ultrasound Elastography With Plane Wave In Vivo
Creators: name: Papadacci, Clement
name: Bunting, Ethan A
name: Konofagou, Elisa E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In biological tissue, an increase in elasticity is often a marker of abnormalities. Techniques such as quasi-static ultrasound elastography have been developed to assess the strain distribution in soft tissues in two dimensions using a quasi-static compression. However, as abnormalities can exhibit very heterogeneous shapes, a three dimensional approach would be necessary to accurately measure their volume and remove operator dependency. Acquisition of volumes at high rates is also critical to performing real-time imaging with a simple freehand compression. In this study, we developed for the first time a 3D quasi-static ultrasound elastography method with plane waves that estimates axial strain distribution in vivo in entire volumes at high volume rate. Acquisitions were performed with a 2D matrix array probe of 2.5MHz frequency and 256 elements. Plane waves were emitted at a volume rate of 100 volumes/s during a continuous motorized and freehand compression. 3D B-mode volumes and 3D cumulative axial strain volumes were successfully estimated in inclusion phantoms and in ex vivo canine liver before and after a high intensity focused ultrasound ablation. We also demonstrated the in vivo feasibility of the method using freehand compression on the calf muscle of a human volunteer and were able to retrieve 3D axial strain volume at a high volume rate depicting the differences in stiffness of the two muscles which compose the calf muscle. 3D ultrasound quasi-static elastography with plane waves could become an important technique for the imaging of the elasticity in human bodies in three dimensions using simple freehand scanning.
The shocked outflow in NGC 4051 - momentum-driven feedback, UFO's and warm absorbers
Creators: name: Pounds, Ken
name: King, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extended XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 in 2009 revealed an unusually rich absorption spectrum with outflow velocities, in both RGS and EPIC spectra, up to ~ 9000 km/s (Pounds and Vaughan 2011). Evidence was again seen for a fast ionised wind with velocity ~ 0.12c (Tombesi 2010, Pounds and Vaughan 2012). Detailed modelling with the XSTAR photoionisation code now confirms the general correlation of velocity and ionisation predicted by mass conservation in a Compton-cooled shocked wind (King 2010). We attribute the strong column density gradient in the model to the addition of strong two-body cooling in the later stages of the flow, causing the ionisation (and velocity) to fall more quickly, and confining the lower ionisation gas to a narrower region. The column density and recombination timescale of the highly ionised flow component, seen mainly in Fe K lines, determine the primary shell thickness which, when compared with the theoretical Compton cooling length, determines a shock radius of ~ 10^17 cm. Variable radiative recombination continua (RRC) provide a key to scaling the lower ionisation gas, with the RRC flux then allowing a consistency check on the overall flow geometry. We conclude that the 2009 observation of NGC 4051 gives strong support to the idea that a fast, highly ionised wind, launched from the vicinity of the supermassive black hole, will lose much of its mechanical energy after shocking against the ISM at a sufficiently small radius for strong Compton cooling. However, the total flow momentum will be conserved, retaining the potential for a powerful AGN wind to support momentum-driven feedback (King 2003; 2005). We speculate that the `warm absorber' components often seen in AGN spectra result from accumulation of shocked wind and ejected ISM.
description: accepted for publication in Mon.Not.R.Astr.Soc
The first study of four doubly eclipsing systems
Creators: name: Zasche, P.
name: Henzl, Z.
name: Kara, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery and the very first analysis of four stellar systems showing two periods of eclipses, that are the objects classified as doubly eclipsing systems. Some of them were proved to orbit each other thanks to their eclipse-timing-variations (ETVs) of both pairs, hence they really constitute rare quadruples with two eclipsing pairs. Some of them do not, as we are still waiting for more data to detect their mutual movement. Their light curves and period changes were analysed. All of them are detached and near-contact, but none of them contact; moreover, to our knowledge none of these stars can be considered as blend of two spatially unresolved close components on the sky. These systems are CzeV2647 (0.5723296 + 0.9637074 days), proved to orbit with 4.5-year periodicity; CzeV1645 (1.0944877 + 1.6594641 days), with a rather questionable detection of ETV; CzeV3436 (0.6836870 + 0.3833930 days); and, finally, OGLE SMC-ECL-1758 (0.9291925 + 3.7350826 days), proved to move on its 30-year orbit. Even more surprising is the fact that most of these systems show the ratio of their two orbital periods close to coupling near some resonant values of small integers, namely CzeV2647, with only 1% from 3:5 resonance, CzeV1645 1% from 2:3 resonance, and OGLE SMC-ECL-1758 with only 0.49% from 1:4 resonance. The nature of these near-resonant states still remains a mystery.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, published in: 2022A&A...659A...8Z
Laser cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastics-investigation of hazardous process emissions
Creators: name: Walter, Jürgen
name: Hustedt, Michael
name: Stähr, Richard
name: Kaierle, Stefan
name: Jaeschke, Peter
name: Suttmann, Oliver
name: Overmeyer, Ludger
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Carbon fiber reinforced plastics
subject: Hazardous potential
subject: Laser cutting
subject: Organic gases
subject: Respirable dust
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) show high potential for use in lightweight applications not only in aircraft design, but also in the automotive or wind energy industry. However, processing of CFRP is complex and expensive due to their outstanding mechanical properties. One possibility to manufacture CFRP structures flexibly at acceptable process speeds is high-power laser cutting. Though showing various advantages such as contactless energy transfer, this process is connected to potentially hazardous emission of respirable dust and organic gases. Moreover, the emitted particles may be fibrous, thus requiring particular attention. Here, a systematic analysis of the hazardous substances emitted during laser cutting of CFRP with thermoplastic and thermosetting matrix is presented. The objective is to evaluate emission rates for the total particulate and gaseous fractions as well as for different organic key components. Furthermore, the influence of the laser process conditions shall be assessed, and first proposals to handle the emissions adequately are made.
A Cartesian Quasi-classical Model to Nonequilibrium Quantum Transport: The Anderson Impurity Model
Creators: name: Li, Bin
name: Levy, Tal J.
name: Swenson, David W. H.
name: Rabani, Eran
name: Miller, William H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the recently proposed quasi-classical approach for a second quantized many-electron Hamiltonian in Cartesian coordinates [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 154107 (2012)] to correlated nonequilibrium quantum transport. The approach provides accurate results for the resonant level model for a wide range of temperatures, bias and gate voltages, correcting for the flaws of our recently proposed mapping using action-angle variables. When electron-electron interactions are included, higher order schemes are required to map the two-electron integrals, leading to semi-quantitative results for the Anderson impurity model. In particular, we show that the current mapping is capable of capturing qualitatively the Coulomb blockade effect.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Juncus conglomeratus
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: J. conglomeratus L. (J. Leersii Marsson) Cat. 353. Verbreitung festzustellen (Angabe«commun»im Cat. irrig); sicher: l: Dorénaz (Gams).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
NIR-CW-laser annealing of room temperature sputtered ZnO:Al
Creators: name: Schütz, V.
name: Sittinger, V.
name: Götzendörfer, S.
name: Kalmbach, C.C.
name: Fu, R.
name: Von Witzendorff, P.
name: Britze, C.
name: Suttmann, O.
name: Overmeyer, Ludger
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Electro-optical parameters
subject: Laser-annealing
subject: TCO
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCOs) are widespread as transparent electrodes in thin film photovoltaics and electronics. Post deposition furnace annealing improves the electrical and optical properties of TCOs. Disadvantages of furnace annealing are large energy consumption and long processing time due to long-lasting heating ramps. ZnO:Al thin films (AZO) with a low electrical resistivity and high transparency are usually sputtered at substrate temperatures up to several hundred °C. In this study post deposition near infrared (NIR) continuous wave (CW) laser annealing of room-temperature deposited AZO thin films is investigated. The surface temperature is determined by infrared thermography. The averaged transmittance is increased by T 300-1100 nm ≤ 7.2 % due to a lower absorptance at a constant reflectance. The resistivity is reduced to ρ = 360 μΩcm, because of a higher electron mobility μ. These promising results show the potential of laser annealing for the replacement of furnace annealing in industrial applications.
Long-term periodicity in LSI+61303 as beat frequency between orbital and precessional rate
Creators: name: Massi, M.
name: Jaron, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: In the binary system LSI+61303 the peak flux density of the radio outburst, which is related to the orbital period of 26.4960 +/- 0.0028d, exibits a modulation of 1667 +/- 8 d. The radio emission at high spatial resolution appears structured in a precessing jet with a precessional period of 27-28 d. Aims: How close is the precessional period of the radio jet to the orbital period? Any periodicity in the radio emission should be revealed by timing analysis. The aim of this work is to establish the accurate value of the precessional period. Methods: We analyzed 6.7 years of the Green Bank Interferometer database at 2.2 GHz and 8.3 GHz with the Lomb-Scargle and phase dispersion minimization (PDM) methods and performed simulations. Results: The periodograms show two periodicities, P1 = 26.49 +/- 0.07 d (\nu1=0.03775 d^{-1}) and P2 = 26.92 +/- 0.07 d (\nu2 = 0.03715 d^{-1}). Whereas radio outbursts have been known to have nearly orbital occurrence P1 with timing residuals exhibiting a puzzling sawtooth pattern, we probe in this paper that they are actually periodical outbursts and that their period is Paverage= (2/(\nu1 + \nu2)= 26.70 +/- 0.05 d. The period Paverage as well as the long-term modulation Pbeat=1/(\nu1 - \nu2)=1667 +/- 393 d result from the beat of the two close periods, the orbital P1 and the precessional P2 periods. Conclusions: The precessional period, indicated by the astrometry to be of 27--28 d, is P2=26.92 d. The system \lsi seems to be one more case in astronomy of beat, i.e., a phenomenon occurring when two physical processes create stable variations of nearly equal frequencies. The very small difference in frequency creates a long-term variation of period 1/(\nu1-\nu2). The long-term modulation of 1667 d results from the beat of the two close orbital and precessional rates.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A