cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Parnassia nubicola var. nana T. C. Ku 1991
Creators: name: Shu, Yumin
name: Yu, Huiying
name: Mu, Xianyun
name: Zhang, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Celastrales
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia
Parnassia nubicola
Parnassia nubicola var. nana t.c. ku (1991: 82)

description: Parnassia nubicola var. nana T.C. Ku (1991: 82)
 TYPE:— CHINA. Yunnan, Deqen, 25 August 1987, Hengduanshan Exped. 3734 (holotype: PE00866291; isotypes: PE00866288, PE00866289, PE00866290)
description: Published as part of Shu, Yumin, Yu, Huiying, Mu, Xianyun & Zhang, Zhixiang, 2017, Checklist and typification of Parnassia (Celastraceae), pp. 1-22 in Phytotaxa 309 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13701859
The NANOGrav Nine-year Data Set: Astrometric Measurements of 37 Millisecond Pulsars
Creators: name: Matthews, Allison M.
name: Nice, David J.
name: Fonseca, Emmanuel
name: Arzoumanian, Zaven
name: Crowter, Kathryn
name: Demorest, Paul B.
name: Dolch, Timothy
name: Ellis, Justin A.
name: Ferdman, Robert D.
name: Gonzalez, Marjorie E.
name: Jones, Glenn
name: Jones, Megan L.
name: Lam, Michael T.
name: Levin, Lina
name: McLaughlin, Maura A.
name: Pennucci, Timothy T.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Stairs, Ingrid H.
name: Stovall, Kevin
name: Swiggum, Joseph K.
name: Zhu, Weiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the nine-year radio-pulsar timing data set from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), collected at Arecibo Observatory and the Green Bank Telescope, we have measured the positions, proper motions, and parallaxes for 37 millisecond pulsars. We report twelve significant parallax measurements and distance measurements, and eighteen lower limits on distance. We compare these measurements to distances predicted by the NE2001 interstellar electron density model and find them to be in general agreement. We use measured orbital-decay rates and spin-down rates to confirm two of the parallax distances and to place distance upper limits on other sources; these distance limits agree with the parallax distances with one exception, PSR J1024-0719, which we discuss at length. Using the proper motions of the 37 NANOGrav pulsars in combination with other published measurements, we calculate the velocity dispersion of the millisecond pulsar population in Galactocentric coordinates. We find the radial, azimuthal, and perpendicular dispersions to be 46, 40, and 24 km s-1, respectively, in a model that allows for high-velocity outliers; or 81, 58, and 62 km s-1 for the full population. These velocity dispersions are far smaller than those of the canonical pulsar population, and are similar to older Galactic disk populations. This suggests that millisecond pulsar velocities are largely attributable to their being an old population rather than being artifacts of their birth and evolution as neutron star binary systems. The components of these velocity dispersions follow similar proportions to other Galactic populations, suggesting that our results are not biased by selection effects.
description: Accepted by ApJ
Massive fermions interacting via a harmonic oscillator in the presence of a minimal length uncertainty relation
Creators: name: Falaye, B. J.
name: Dong, Shi-Hai
name: Oyewumi, K. J.
name: Ilaiwi, K. F.
name: Ikhdair, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the relativistic energy spectrum for the modified Dirac equation by adding a harmonic oscillator potential where the coordinates and momenta are assumed to obey the commutation relation $\left[\hat{x},\hat{p}\right]=i\hbar\left(1+ηp^2\right)$. In the nonrelativistic limit, our results are in agreement with the ones obtained {previously}. Furthermore, the extension to the construction of creation and annihilation operators for the harmonic oscillators with minimal length uncertainty relation is presented. Finally, we show that the commutation relation of the $su(1, 1)\sim so(2,1)$ algebra is satisfied by the {operators $\hat{\mathcal{L}_{\pm}}$ and $\hat{\mathcal{L}_{z}}$}.
The dynamics of dimensionality reduction for information retrieval: a study of latent semantic indexing using simulated data
Creators: name: Efron, Miles J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000
Subjects: Information retrieval
Natural language processing
Information retrieval--algorithms--Latent Semantic Indexing
Statistics--data simulation

description: The effects of dimensionality reduction on information retrieval system performance are studied using Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) on simulated data. The author hypothesize that LSI improve retrieval by improving the fit between a linear language model and non-linear data such as natural language text. The study analyzes how the values of three variables bear on optimizing k, the system's representational dimensionality. The variables studied are: the correlation between terms, the dimensionality of the untransformed termspace, and the number of documents in the collection. Using multinormally-distributed, stochastic matrices as input, precision/recall and average search length (ASL) are computed for differently modeled retrieval situations. Results indicate that optimizing k relates to the type and degree of correlation found in the original termspace. Findings also suggest that a more nuanced simulation model will permit more robust analysis.
Evidence of quantum dimer excitations in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Sala, M. Moretti
name: Schnells, V.
name: Boseggia, S.
name: Simonelli, L.
name: Al-Zein, A.
name: Vale, J. G.
name: Paolasini, L.
name: Hunter, E. C.
name: Perry, R. S.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Boothroyd, A. T.
name: Krisch, M.
name: Monaco, G.
name: McMorrow, H. M. Ronnow D. F.
name: Mila, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic excitation spectrum in the bilayer iridate Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ has been investigated using high-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) performed at the iridium L$_3$ edge and theoretical techniques. A study of the systematic dependence of the RIXS spectrum on the orientation of the wavevector transfer, $\mathbf{Q}$, with respect to the iridium-oxide bilayer has revealed that the magnon dispersion is comprised of two branches well separated in energy and gapped across the entire Brillouin zone. Our results contrast with those of an earlier study which reported the existence of a single dominant branch. While these earlier results were interpreted as two overlapping modes within a spin-wave model of weakly coupled iridium-oxide planes, our results are more reminiscent of those expected for a system of weakly coupled dimers. In this latter approach the lower and higher energy modes find a natural explanation as those corresponding to transverse and longitudinal fluctuations, respectively. We have therefore developed a bond-operator theory which describes the magnetic dispersion in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ in terms of quantum dimer excitations. In our model dimerisation is produced by the leading Heisenberg exchange, $J_c$, which couples iridium ions in adjacent planes of the bilayer. The Hamiltonian also includes in plane exchange, $J$, as well as further neighbour couplings and relevant anisotropies. The bond-operator theory provides an excellent account of the dispersion of both modes, while the measured $\mathbf{Q}$ dependence of the RIXS intensities is in reasonable qualitative accord with the spin-spin correlation function calculated from the theory. We discuss our results in the context of the quantum criticality of bilayer dimer systems in the presence of anisotropic interactions derived from strong spin-orbit coupling.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Do climate risks influence foreign direct investment inflows to emerging and developing economies?
Creators: name: Gopalan, Sasidaran
name: Gupta, Bhavya
name: Rajan, Ramkishen S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows are considered to be an important source of private financing for several emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). However, the high susceptibility of these countries to climate change impacts vis-à-vis their developed counterparts may reduce their attractiveness as a favourable destination for FDI inflows. EMDEs with significant exposure to physical climate risks present a higher incidence of financial risks for foreign investors, which may in turn discourage them from locating themselves in such jurisdictions where their profitability and operations could be jeopardized by climate disasters. Given this context, we empirically investigate how physical climate risks influence FDI inflows to 68 EMDEs using data from over two decades, from 1995 to 2017. We contribute to an emerging body of literature that assesses the impact of climate risks on macro-financial variables by focusing specifically on FDI inflows. Although we abstain from making strong causal claims in our paper, we account for endogeneity concerns extensively and our empirical results show that higher climate risks adversely impact FDI inflows to EMDEs. However, we find these negative effects can be mitigated to a significant degree by strengthening financial sector development in the host country, as it increases their capacity to absorb some of these climate risks more effectively. Key policy insightsEmerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) that are more vulnerable and exposed to physical climate risks tend to be less attractive destinations for FDI inflows.Negative effects of physical climate risks on FDI inflows tend to be mitigated in EMDEs with a high degree of financial development.Well-developed, deep, and inclusive financial markets give EMDEs the capacity to absorb and manage various financial risks including those arising from climate change impacts. Emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) that are more vulnerable and exposed to physical climate risks tend to be less attractive destinations for FDI inflows. Negative effects of physical climate risks on FDI inflows tend to be mitigated in EMDEs with a high degree of financial development. Well-developed, deep, and inclusive financial markets give EMDEs the capacity to absorb and manage various financial risks including those arising from climate change impacts.
Equatorial Evolution of the Fast Magnetosonic Mode in the Source Region: Observation-Simulation Comparison of the Preferential Propagation Direction
Creators: name: Min, Kyungguk
name: Boardsen, Scott
name: Denton, Richard
name: Liu, Kaijun
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2018

description: Recent analysis of an event observed by the Van Allen Probes in the source region outside the plasmapause has shown that fast magnetosonic waves (also referred to as equatorial noise) propagate preferentially in the azimuthal direction, implying that wave amplification should occur during azimuthal propagation. To demonstrate this, we carry out 2-D particle-in-cell simulations of the fast magnetosonic mode at the dipole magnetic equator with the simulation box size, the magnetic field inhomogeneity, and the plasma parameters chosen from the same event recently analyzed. The self-consistently evolving electric and magnetic field fluctuations are characterized by spectral peaks at harmonics of the local proton cyclotron frequency. The azimuthal component of the electric field fluctuations is larger than the radial component, indicating wave propagation mainly along the azimuthal direction. Because the simulation box is within the source region, this also implies wave amplification mainly during azimuthal propagation. The excellent agreement between the wave polarization properties of the present simulations and the recently reported observations is clear evidence that the main wave amplification occurs during azimuthal propagation in the source region.
First-principles investigation of boron defects in nickel ferrite spinel
Creators: name: Rak, Zs.
name: OBrien, C. J.
name: Brenner, D. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accumulation of boron within the porous nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4, NFO) deposited on fuel rods is a major technological problem with important safety and economical implications. In this work the electronic structure of nickel ferrite is investigated using first-principles methods, and the results are combined with experimental data to analyze B incorporation into the NFO structure. Under thermodynamic equilibrium the calculations predict that the incorporation of B into the NFO structure is unfavorable. The main limiting factors are the narrow stability domain of NFO and the precipitation of B2O3, Fe3BO5, and Ni3B2O6 as secondary phases. In n-type NFO, the most stable defect is Ni vacancy while in p-type material lowest the formation energy belongs to tetrahedrally coordinated interstitial B . Because of these limiting conditions it is more thermodynamically favorable for B to form secondary phases with Fe, Ni and O than it is to form point defects in NFO
Whistler anisotropy instabilities as the source of banded chorus: Van Allen Probes observations and particle-in-cell simulations
Creators: name: Fu, Xiangrong
name: Cowee, Misa
name: Friedel, Reinhard
name: Funsten, Herbert
name: Gary, S
name: Hospodarsky, George
name: Kletzing, Craig
name: Kurth, William
name: Larsen, Brian
name: Liu, Kaijun
name: MacDonald, Elizabeth
name: Min, Kyungguk
name: Reeves, Geoffrey
name: Skoug, Ruth
name: Winske, Dan
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2014

description: Magnetospheric banded chorus is enhanced whistler waves with frequencies (r)<(e), where (e) is the electron cyclotron frequency, and a characteristic spectral gap at (r)similar or equal to(e)/2. This paper uses spacecraft observations and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in a magnetized, homogeneous, collisionless plasma to test the hypothesis that banded chorus is due to local linear growth of two branches of the whistler anisotropy instability excited by two distinct, anisotropic electron components of significantly different temperatures. The electron densities and temperatures are derived from Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron instrument measurements on the Van Allen Probes A satellite during a banded chorus event on 1 November 2012. The observations are consistent with a three-component electron model consisting of a cold (a few tens of eV) population, a warm (a few hundred eV) anisotropic population, and a hot (a few keV) anisotropic population. The simulations use plasma and field parameters as measured from the satellite during this event except for two numbers: the anisotropies of the warm and the hot electron components are enhanced over the measured values in order to obtain relatively rapid instability growth. The simulations show that the warm component drives the quasi-electrostatic upper band chorus and that the hot component drives the electromagnetic lower band chorus; the gap at approximate to(e)/2 is a natural consequence of the growth of two whistler modes with different properties.
Parnassia procul H. Turner & Veldkamp 2001
Creators: name: Shu, Yumin
name: Yu, Huiying
name: Mu, Xianyun
name: Zhang, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Celastrales
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia
Parnassia procul

description: Parnassia procul H. Turner & Veldkamp (2001: 601)
 TYPE:— MALESIA. Sumatra, Gunung Leuser Nature Reserve, below west summit of Mt. Leuser, 3200 m, 4 Februay 1937, Van Steenis 8612 (holotype: L 0538701)
description: Published as part of Shu, Yumin, Yu, Huiying, Mu, Xianyun & Zhang, Zhixiang, 2017, Checklist and typification of Parnassia (Celastraceae), pp. 1-22 in Phytotaxa 309 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13701859
Agricultural insurance as a climate risk adaptation strategy in developing countries: a case of Nigeria
Creators: name: Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu
name: Kaechele, Harald
name: Bavorova, Miroslava
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Despite the potential benefits of agricultural insurance in helping farmers adapt to climate risks, its uptake among smallholder farmers remains limited. This study analyses the drivers of awareness and adoption of agricultural insurance in Nigeria to better understand the adoption process. 1,080 farming households were surveyed across six agro-ecological zones in Nigeria, covering areas with different socio-economic characteristics of farmers and levels of climate risk. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews between October 2020 and February 2021. The results show that more than half of the farmers were unaware of agricultural insurance. Logit regression results show that education, herd size, access to a bank, weather information, and flood experience positively influence awareness and adoption of agricultural insurance. In addition to low awareness, the main barriers to adoption are lack of knowledge about the effectiveness of insurance, difficulty in affording insurance, and farmers’ low level of trust in insurance providers. Late payment of claims and inadequate compensation were the main challenges faced by adopters of agricultural insurance. Raising awareness and helping farmers to assess the effectiveness of agricultural insurance, as well as developing a supportive institutional environment, would help to build a well-functioning insurance market. Key policy insightsTo increase the uptake of agricultural insurance, it is first necessary to raise awareness among farmers.Government agencies should consider monitoring and sanctioning insurance agencies and companies that fail to comply with contractual agreements to promote and ensure prompt payment of due compensation; to increase transparency of insurance providers’ performance; and to increase confidence in insurance providers.We recommend using different premium payment methods, adjusting land policies, improving access to weather information, and increasing access to bank credit for smallholder farmers to increase farmers’ motivation to use insurance. To increase the uptake of agricultural insurance, it is first necessary to raise awareness among farmers. Government agencies should consider monitoring and sanctioning insurance agencies and companies that fail to comply with contractual agreements to promote and ensure prompt payment of due compensation; to increase transparency of insurance providers’ performance; and to increase confidence in insurance providers. We recommend using different premium payment methods, adjusting land policies, improving access to weather information, and increasing access to bank credit for smallholder farmers to increase farmers’ motivation to use insurance.
Solar cycle variation of plasma mass density in the outer magnetosphere: Magnetoseismic analysis of toroidal standing Alfven waves detected by Geotail
Creators: name: Takahashi, Kazue
name: Denton, Richard
name: Hirahara, Masafumi
name: Min, Kyungguk
name: Ohtani, Shin-Ichi
name: Sanchez, Ennio
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2014

description: We study the variation of plasma mass density in the outer magnetosphere over a solar cycle using mass density estimated from the frequency of fundamental toroidal standing Alfven waves observed by the Geotail spacecraft. We identify wave events using ion bulk velocity data covering 1995-2006 and use events in the 0400-0800 magnetic local time sector for statistical analysis. We find that the F-10.7 index is a dominant controlling factor of the mass density. For the equatorial mass density rho(*)(eq) that is normalized to the value at L = 11, we obtain an empirical formula log rho(*)(eq)= -0.136 + 1.78 x 10(-3) = 10(-3) F-10.7, where the units of rho(*)(eq) and F-10.7 are amu cm(-3) and solar flux units (sfu; 1 sfu =10(-22) W m(-2) Hz(-1)), respectively. This formula indicates that rho(*)(eq) changes by a factor of 1.8, if F-10.7 changes from 70 sfu (solar minimum) to 210 sfu (solar maximum). A formula derived in a similar manner using GOES magnetometer data indicates that, for the same range of F-10.7, the mass density at L approximate to 7 varies by a factor of 4.1 We attribute the smaller factor at L = 11 to the lower O+/H+ number density ratio at higher L, the stronger F-10.7 dependence of the O+ outflow rate than the H+ outflow rate, and entry of solar wind H+ ions to the outer magnetosphere.
Variable-spot ion beam figuring
Creators: name: Wu, Lixiang
name: Qiu, Keqiang
name: Fu, Shaojun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces a new scheme of ion beam figuring (IBF), or rather variable-spot IBF, which is conducted at a constant scanning velocity with variable-spot ion beam collimated by a variable diaphragm. It aims at improving the reachability and adaptation of the figuring process within the limits of machine dynamics by varying the ion beam spot size instead of the scanning velocity. In contrast to the dwell time algorithm in the conventional IBF, the variable-spot IBF adopts a new algorithm, which consists of the scan path programming and the trajectory optimization using pattern search. In this algorithm, instead of the dwell time, a new concept, integral etching time, is proposed to interpret the process of variable-spot IBF. We conducted simulations to verify its feasibility and practicality. The simulation results indicate the variable-spot IBF is a promising alternative to the conventional approach.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
MS Gr. class. c. 2 410
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 994 col. 5. Philodemus, De poematis 2
Drawing by Giuseppe Casanova
Parnassia simplex Hayata 1912
Creators: name: Shu, Yumin
name: Yu, Huiying
name: Mu, Xianyun
name: Zhang, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Celastrales
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia
Parnassia simplex

description: Parnassia simplex Hayata (1912: 314)
 TYPE:— JAPAN. Central Honshu, Fukushima, Mont Oidesan, Nakahara s.n. (syntypes: TI00164, TI00165); JAPAN. Central Honshu, Fukushima, Mont Chokaisan, Yamatsuta s.n. (syntype: not located)
Notes: A ‘Lectotype’ is stamped on the specimen with barcode TI 00164, but we have not found the proper literature in which the typification was designated.
description: Published as part of Shu, Yumin, Yu, Huiying, Mu, Xianyun & Zhang, Zhixiang, 2017, Checklist and typification of Parnassia (Celastraceae), pp. 1-22 in Phytotaxa 309 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13701859
Models, Methods and Network Topology: Experimental Design for the Study of Interference
Creators: name: Bowers, Jake
name: Desmarais, Bruce A.
name: Frederickson, Mark
name: Ichino, Nahomi
name: Lee, Hsuan-Wei
name: Wang, Simi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How should a network experiment be designed to achieve high statistical power? Ex- perimental treatments on networks may spread. Randomizing assignment of treatment to nodes enhances learning about the counterfactual causal effects of a social network experiment and also requires new methodology (ex. Aronow and Samii 2017a; Bow- ers et al. 2013; Toulis and Kao 2013). In this paper we show that the way in which a treatment propagates across a social network affects the statistical power of an ex- perimental design. As such, prior information regarding treatment propagation should be incorporated into the experimental design. Our findings justify reconsideration of standard practice in circumstances where units are presumed to be independent even in simple experiments: information about treatment effects is not maximized when we assign half the units to treatment and half to control. We also present an exam- ple in which statistical power depends on the extent to which the network degree of nodes is correlated with treatment assignment probability. We recommend that re- searchers think carefully about the underlying treatment propagation model motivat- ing their study in designing an experiment on a network.
Effect of continued nitrogen enrichment on greenhouse gas emissions from a wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China: A 5 year nitrogen addition experiment
Creators: name: Song, Changchun
name: Wang, Lili
name: Tian, Hanqin
name: Liu, Deyan
name: Lu, Chaoqun
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
name: Zhang, Lihua
name: Yang, Guisheng
name: Wan, Zhongmei
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2013

description: Mounting evidence supports that wetland ecosystems, one of the largest carbon pools on the earth, are exposed to ample nitrogen (N) additions due to atmospheric deposition or N loading from upstream agricultural fertilizer application. However, our understanding of how N enrichment affects the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in wetlands is weak. A 5year N addition experiment was conducted to examine the responses of CH4 and N2O fluxes as well as ecosystem respiration from wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, through 2005 to 2009. Four levels of N addition (control, 0kgN ha(-1)yr(-1); low-level, 60kgN ha(-1)yr(-1); medium-level, 120kgN ha(-1)yr(-1); high-level, 240kgN ha(-1)yr(-1)) were designed in this study. Overall, our results show that medium and high levels of N addition increased ecosystem respiration by 28% and 69% (P<0.05), respectively, while low-level N addition has no effect on ecosystem respiration (P>0.05). High-level N fertilization exerted stronger effects on ecosystem respiration in the initial year than the following years. It indicated that the effects of high-level N fertilization on CO2 might be overestimated by short-term observations. High-level N fertilization increased N2O emissions by 396% over the 5years (P<0.05), but the low- and medium-level-N addition did not exert any apparent effect on N2O emissions (P>0.05). N2O emission under high-level N addition in the first and fifth years showed stronger pronounced responses to N addition compared with that from the third and fourth years, indicating the importance of long-term field observation. Over the 5years, however, the low and medium-level N addition showed no effect on N2O emissions. The four levels of N addition exerted no effect on CH4 emissions (P>0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between GHGs and soil temperature or water table depth varied among different plots and experimental time. Our findings highlighted the importance of gas species, experimental time, and the amount of fertilizer N with regard to the responses of GHG emissions to N fertilization.
1992-Jude_Sommerfeld-More Applied Math Problems on Vessel Draining
Creators: name: Summerfield, Jude
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: From a chemical engineering point of view emptying processing and storage tanks is important and this article considers many issues and shapes of containers. The main interest is in the total time it takes to empty the tank for a collection of shapes.
Increased nitrogen export from eastern North America to the Atlantic Ocean due to climatic and anthropogenic changes during 1901-2008
Creators: name: Yang, Qichun
name: Tian, Hanqin
name: Friedrichs, Marjorie
name: Hopkinson, Charles
name: Lu, Chaoqun
name: Najjar, Raymond
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2015

description: We used a process-based land model, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model 2.0, to examine how climatic and anthropogenic changes affected riverine fluxes of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) from eastern North America, especially the drainage areas of the Gulf of Maine (GOM), Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) during 1901-2008. Model simulations indicated that annual fluxes of NH4+, NO3-, DON, and PON from the study area during 1980-2008 were 0.0190.003 (mean1 standard deviation) TgNyr(-1), 0.180.035TgNyr(-1), 0.100.016TgNyr(-1), and 0.043 +/- 0.008TgNyr(-1), respectively. NH4+, NO3-, and DON exports increased while PON export decreased from 1901 to 2008. Nitrogen export demonstrated substantial spatial variability across the study area. Increased NH4+ export mainly occurred around major cities in the MAB. NO3- export increased in most parts of the MAB but decreased in parts of the GOM. Enhanced DON export was mainly distributed in the GOM and the SAB. PON export increased in coastal areas of the SAB and northern parts of the GOM but decreased in the Piedmont areas and the eastern parts of the MAB. Climate was the primary reason for interannual variability in nitrogen export; fertilizer use and nitrogen deposition tended to enhance the export of all nitrogen species; livestock farming and sewage discharge were also responsible for the increases in NH4+ and NO3- fluxes; and land cover change (especially reforestation of former agricultural land) reduced the export of the four nitrogen species.
MS Gr. class. c. 2 411
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 994 col. 3. Philodemus, De poematis 2
Drawing by Giuseppe Casanova
A Study of Student Use of a UNC Chapel Hill Coursepage through Web Server Log Statistics and ClickMap Software
Creators: name: Andersen, Page E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009
Subjects: Website evaluation
Library instructional design
Transaction log analysis
Use statistics
Academic libraries
Undergraduates

description: This study sought to use web server log analysis and a clickmap software to discover how  students use the English 101 course page made by the library's Instruction Department at  the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The research found that actual use of the  page is low, and the changes made from results of a usability study in the spring of 2008  are mixed. The minimization and short descriptions on the page seem to be effective,  while the chat with a librarian widget and links go unused. The results suggest a closer  look at the use of the pages is required, and further usability studies and surveys are  necessary.
Dipolarization fronts as earthward propagating flux ropes: A three-dimensional global hybrid simulation
Creators: name: Lu, San
name: Lu, Quanming
name: Lin, Yu
name: Wang, Xueyi
name: Ge, Yasong
name: Wang, Rongsheng
name: Zhou, Meng
name: Fu, Huishan
name: Huang, Can
name: Wu, Mingyu
name: Wang, Shui
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2015

description: Dipolarization fronts (DFs) as earthward propagating flux ropes (FRs) in the Earth's magnetotail are presented and investigated with a three-dimensional (3-D) global hybrid simulation for the first time. In the simulation, several small-scale earthward propagating FRs are found to be formed by multiple X line reconnection in the near tail. During their earthward propagation, the magnetic field B-z of the FRs becomes highly asymmetric due to the imbalance of the reconnection rates between the multiple X lines. At the later stage, when the FRs approach the near-Earth dipole-like region, the antireconnection between the southward/negative B-z of the FRs and the northward geomagnetic field leads to the erosion of the southward magnetic flux of the FRs, which further aggravates the B-z asymmetry. Eventually, the FRs merge into the near-Earth region through the antireconnection. These earthward propagating FRs can fully reproduce the observational features of the DFs, e.g., a sharp enhancement of B-z preceded by a smaller amplitude B-z dip, an earthward flow enhancement, the presence of the electric field components in the normal and dawn-dusk directions, and ion energization. Our results show that the earthward propagating FRs can be used to explain the DFs observed in the magnetotail. The thickness of the DFs is on the order of several ion inertial lengths, and the electric field normal to the front is found to be dominated by the Hall physics. During the earthward propagation from the near-tail to the near-Earth region, the speed of the FR/DFs increases from similar to 150km/s to similar to 1000km/s. The FR/DFs can be tilted in the GSM (x,y) plane with respect to the y (dawn-dusk) axis and only extend several Earth radii in this direction. Moreover, the structure and evolution of the FRs/DFs are nonuniform in the dawn-dusk direction, which indicates that the DFs are essentially 3-D.
Parnassia submysorensis J. T. Pan 1985
Creators: name: Shu, Yumin
name: Yu, Huiying
name: Mu, Xianyun
name: Zhang, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Celastrales
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia
Parnassia submysorensis

description: Parnassia submysorensis J.T. Pan (1985: 221)
 TYPE:— CHINA. Yunnan, Zhongdian, on grassy slope, 3400 m, 17 July 1939, T. T. Yu 12232 (holotype: KUN1205227; isotypes: KUN1205230, PE00865806, PE00865811)
description: Published as part of Shu, Yumin, Yu, Huiying, Mu, Xianyun & Zhang, Zhixiang, 2017, Checklist and typification of Parnassia (Celastraceae), pp. 1-22 in Phytotaxa 309 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13701859
Non-Abelian Stokes theorem for the Wilson loop operator in an arbitrary representation and its implication to quark confinement
Creators: name: Matsudo, Ryutaro
name: Kondo, Kei-Ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a gauge-independent definition of magnetic monopoles in the $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory through the Wilson loop operator. For this purpose, we give an explicit proof of the Diakonov-Petrov version of the non-Abelian Stokes theorem for the Wilson loop operator in an arbitrary representation of the $SU(N)$ gauge group to derive a new form for the non-Abelian Stokes theorem. The new form is used to extract the magnetic-monopole contribution to the Wilson loop operator in a gauge-invariant way, which enables us to discuss confinement of quarks in any representation from the viewpoint of the dual superconductor vacuum.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, minor changes, a version to be published in Physical Review D. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1409.1599
Mukai flops and Plücker type formulas for hyper-Kähler manifolds
Creators: name: Cao, Yalong
name: Leung, Naichung Conan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the intersection theory of complex Lagrangian subvarieties inside holomorphic symplectic manifolds. In particular, we study their behaviour under Mukai flops and give a rigorous proof of the Plücker type formula for Legendre dual subvarieties written down by the second author before. Then we apply the formula to study projective dual varieties in projective spaces.
description: 12 pages, This paper is a revise and expansion of arXiv:math/0111179
Noble gas abundance and isotope ratios in the atmosphere of Jupiter from the Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer
Creators: name: Mahaffy, P
name: Niemann, H
name: Alpert, A
name: Atreya, S
name: Demick, J
name: Donahue, T
name: Harpold, D
name: Owen, T
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2000

description: The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer provided the first data on the noble gas mixing and isotope ratios in the Jovian atmosphere. These measurements and the comparison with solar values constrain models of Jupiter's formation. Significant refinements to the initially reported abundances of argon, krypton, and xenon have been enabled through post-encounter laboratory calibrations using a refurbished engineering unit mass spectrometer nearly identical to the flight unit. The abundances relative to hydrogen for argon, krypton, and xenon are respectively 2.5 +/- 0.5, 2.7 +/- 0.5, and 2.6 +/- 0.5 times the solar ratios. The mixing ratios of He and Ne found in these studies are consistent with previously reported values of 0.8 and 0.1 times solar respectively. The Jovian Ar-36/Ar-38 ratio is 5.6 +/- 0.25 and the Ne-20/Ne-22 ratio is 13 +/- 2, consistent with the solar values of 5.77 and 13.81, respectively, that are derived from lunar mineral grain analysis. The distribution of xenon isotopes at Jupiter also resembles the solar distribution.
Parnassia xinganensis C. Z. Gao & G. Z. Li 1983
Creators: name: Shu, Yumin
name: Yu, Huiying
name: Mu, Xianyun
name: Zhang, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Celastrales
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia
Parnassia xinganensis

description: Parnassia xinganensis C.Z. Gao & G.Z. Li (1983: 19)
 TYPE:— CHINA. Guangxi, Xingan, Mt. Maoer, 1200 m, 11 November 1978, G. Z. Li 62923 (holotype: IBK00185227; isotype: IBK00200466)
description: Published as part of Shu, Yumin, Yu, Huiying, Mu, Xianyun & Zhang, Zhixiang, 2017, Checklist and typification of Parnassia (Celastraceae), pp. 1-22 in Phytotaxa 309 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13701859
A Meta-Analysis of the Prosocial Effects of gratitude Interventions
Creators: name: Majima, Yoshimasa
name: Ryoto Yoshida
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The study will aggregate and analyze studies examining the effects of gratitude interventions and systematically examine the effects of interventions.
A quantitative measure of carrier shocking
Creators: name: Kinsler, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I propose a definition for a "shocking coefficient" $S$ intended to make determinations of the degree of waveform shocking, and comparisons thereof, more quantitative. This means we can avoid having to make ad hoc judgements on the basis of the visual comparison of wave profiles.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
On Axially Symmetric Space-Times Admitting Homothetic Vector Fields in Lyra's Geometry
Creators: name: Gad, Ragab M.
name: Mazrooei, A. E. Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates axially symmetric space-times that admit a homothetic vector field based on Lyra's geometry. The cases when the displacement vector is a function of $t$ and when it is constant are studied. In the context of this geometry, we find and classify the solutions of the Einstein's field equations (EFE) for the space-time under consideration, which display a homothetic symmetry.
description: 15 pages, 0 figures
Vortices with Fractional Flux Quanta in Multi-Band Superconductors
Creators: name: Huang, Zhao
name: Hu, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In superconductors with three or more components, time-reversal symmetry may be broken when the inter-component couplings are repulsive, leading to a superconducting state with two-fold degeneracy. When prepared carefully there is a stable domain wall on a constriction which connects two bulks in states with opposite chiralities. Applying on external magnetic field, vortices in different components dissociate with each other, resulting in a ribbon shape distribution of magnetic field at the position of domain wall.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear on Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism
Multi-Event Study on the Connection Between Subauroral Polarization Streams and Deep Energetic Particle Injections in the Inner Magnetosphere
Creators: name: Califf, S
name: Zhao, H
name: Gkioulidou, M
name: Manweiler, J
name: Mitchell, D
name: Tian, S
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2022

description: Energetic electron flux enhancements for 100s keV energies are often observed at low L shells (L < 4) in the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms. However, protons with similar energies do not penetrate as deeply as electrons. Electric fields from subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) have been proposed as a mechanism to explain the difference between the 100s keV electron and proton behavior by altering the particles' drift paths and allowing electrons to access lower L shells than protons. Although the primary signature of SAPS is a strong radial electric field, there are corresponding westward/eastward azimuthal electric fields on the eastern/western regions of the SAPS that cause inward/outward radial transport and a differential response between the oppositely drifting electrons and protons. We examine three events where SAPS were observed by the Van Allen Probes near the same time and L shell range as 100s keV electron enhancements deep within the inner magnetosphere. The observations demonstrate that 100s keV electrons were progressively transported radially inward and trapped at low L shells that were consistent with the spatial extent of the SAPS electric fields. Proton flux enhancements were limited to <100 keV energies and were only observed temporarily in the SAPS region, indicating that these particles were on open drift paths. The particle observations are consistent with the differential drift paths for electrons and protons predicted by a simple SAPS electric field model, suggesting that SAPS play an important role in 100s keV particle dynamics at low L shells in the inner magnetosphere.
Challenges in using online news media reports for surveillance and public health research: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Van Assche, Kerlijn
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: bias
subject: digital surveillance
subject: internet-based data
subject: limitations
subject: media monitoring
subject: online news
subject: public health research
subject: scoping review

description: This is a registration of a protocol for a scoping review on challenges in using online news media reports for surveillance and public health research
Prevenção do abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes: revisão rápida
Creators: name: Da Silva, Letícia Aparecida Lopes Bezerra
name: Toma, Tereza Setsuko
name: De Lucca Da Silva, Jessica
name: Poderoso-Evangelista, Rosana
name: Barreto, Jorge Otavio Maia
name: Domene, Fernando Meirinho
name: Emanuelly Camargo Tafarello
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Institutional Settings
subject: children and teenagers
subject: prevention
subject: review
subject: sexual abuse

description: Pergunta(s) de pesquisa Quais são as intervenções/programas efetivos na prevenção do abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes em ambientes institucionalizados e congêneres?
Parnassia longipetala Handel-Mazzetti 1924
Creators: name: Shu, Yumin
name: Yu, Huiying
name: Mu, Xianyun
name: Zhang, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Celastrales
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia
Parnassia longipetala

description: Parnassia longipetala Handel-Mazzetti (1924: 182)
 TYPE:— CHINA. Yunnan, Gongshan, Qiu-na-tong, 3600–3800 m, 8 August 1916, Handel-Mazzetti 9767 (holotype: WU0046640; isotype: E00275516)
description: Published as part of Shu, Yumin, Yu, Huiying, Mu, Xianyun & Zhang, Zhixiang, 2017, Checklist and typification of Parnassia (Celastraceae), pp. 1-22 in Phytotaxa 309 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13701859
MS Gr. class. c. 2 413
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 994 col. 15. Philodemus, De poematis 2
Drawing by Giuseppe Casanova
Graphene as a Novel Single Photon Counting Optical and IR Photodetector
Creators: name: Williams, J. O. D.
name: Lapington, J. S.
name: Roy, M.
name: Hutchinson, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bilayer graphene has many unique optoelectronic properties , including a tuneable band gap, that make it possible to develop new and more efficient optical and nanoelectronic devices. We have developed a Monte Carlo simulation for a single photon counting photodetector incorporating bilayer graphene. Our results show that, conceptually it would be feasible to manufacture a single photon counting photodetector (with colour sensitivity) from bilayer graphene for use across both optical and infrared wavelengths. Our concept exploits the high carrier mobility and tuneable band gap associated with a bilayer graphene approach. This allows for low noise operation over a range of cryogenic temperatures, thereby reducing the cost of cryogens with a trade off between resolution and operating temperature. The results from this theoretical study now enable us to progress onto the manufacture of prototype photon counters at optical and IR wavelengths that may have the potential to be groundbreaking in some scientific research applications.
description: Conference Proceeding in Graphene-Based Technologies, 2015
Serendipitous discovery of an extended X-ray jet without a radio counterpart in a high-redshift quasar
Creators: name: Simionescu, A.
name: Stawarz, Ł.
name: Ichinohe, Y.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Jamrozy, M.
name: Siemiginowska, A.
name: Hagino, K.
name: Gandhi, P.
name: Werner, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent Chandra observation of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 585 has led to the discovery of an extended X-ray jet associated with the high-redshift background quasar B3 0727+409, a luminous radio source at redshift z=2.5. This is one of only few examples of high-redshift X-ray jets known to date. It has a clear extension of about 12", corresponding to a projected length of ~100 kpc, with a possible hot spot located 35" from the quasar. The archival high resolution VLA maps surprisingly reveal no extended jet emission, except for one knot about 1.4" from the quasar. The high X-ray to radio luminosity ratio for this source appears consistent with the $\propto (1+z)^{4}$ amplification expected from the inverse Compton radiative model. This serendipitous discovery may signal the existence of an entire population of similar systems with bright X-ray and faint radio jets at high redshift, a selection bias which must be accounted for when drawing any conclusions about the redshift evolution of jet properties and indeed about the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes and active galactic nuclei in general.