cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How to form compact & other longer-lived planet-induced vortices: VSI, planet migration, or re-triggers, but not feedback
Creators: name: Hammer, Michael
name: Lin, Min-Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Past computational studies of planet-induced vortices have shown that the dust asymmetries associated with these vortices can be long-lived enough that they should be much more common in mm/sub-mm observations of protoplanetary discs, even though they are quite rare. Observed asymmetries also have a range of azimuthal extents from compact to elongated even though computational studies have shown planet-induced vortices should be preferentially elongated. In this study, we use 2-D and 3-D hydrodynamic simulations to test whether those dust asymmetries should really be so long-lived or so elongated. With higher resolution (29 cells radially per scale height) than our previous work, we find that vortices can be more compact by developing compact cores when higher-mass planets cause them to re-form, or if they are seeded by tiny compact vortices from the vertical shear instability (VSI), but not through dust feedback in 3-D as was previously expected in general. Any case with a compact vortex or core(s) also has a longer lifetime. Even elongated vortices can have longer lifetimes with higher-mass planets or if the associated planet is allowed to migrate, the latter of which can cause the dust asymmetry to stop decaying as the planet migrates away from the vortex. These longer dust asymmetry lifetimes are even more inconsistent with observations, perhaps suggesting that discs still have an intermediate amount of effective viscosity.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures; Published in MNRAS
SPARCL1 as a biomarker of maladaptive right ventricular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension
Creators: name: Keranov, Stanislav
name: Dörr, Oliver
name: Jafari, Leili
name: Liebetrau, Christoph
name: Keller, Till
name: Troidl, Christian
name: Kriechbaum, Steffen
name: Voss, Sandra
name: Richter, Manuel
name: Tello, Khodr
name: Gall, Henning
name: Ghofrani, Hossein A.
name: Mayer, Eckhard
name: Seeger, Werner
name: Hamm, Christian W.
name: Nef, Holger
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Virology

description: Aim: This study assessed the utility of SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1) as a biomarker of maladaptive right ventricular (RV) function in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods: In this prospective study, we examined SPARCL1 levels in 105 patients with adaptive (n = 34) and maladaptive RV (n = 32) pressure overload caused by PH, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 18) with LVEF < 35% and preserved RV function and controls without LV or RV abnormalities (n = 21). Results: The median SPARCL1 concentration in patients with maladaptive RV function was higher than in those with adaptive RV function (p < 0.01), DCM (p < 0.001) or controls (p < 0.001). Patients with adaptive RV function had higher SPARCL1 concentrations than controls (p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference between adaptive RV and DCM. SPARCL1 showed good predictive power for maladaptive RV (AUC 0.77, p < 0.001) with an optimal cut-off value of 9.66 ng/ml. The TAPSE/PASP ratio was the only independent predictor of SPARCL1 ≥ 9.66 ng/ml in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: SPARCL1 shows potential as novel biomarker of RV pathological remodelling and is associated with RV maladaptation and ventriculoarterial uncoupling in PH.
Non-local Order in Elongated Dipolar Gases
Creators: name: Ruhman, Jonathan
name: Torre, Emanuele G. Dalla
name: Huber, Sebastian D.
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dipolar particles in an elongated trap are expected to undergo a quantum phase transition from a linear to a zigzag structure with decreasing transverse confinement. We derive the low energy effective theory of the transition showing that in presence of quantum fluctuations the Zigzag phase can be characterized by a long ranged string order, while the local Ising correlations decay as a power law. This is also confirmed using DMRG calculations on a microscopic model. The non local order in the bulk gives rise to zero energy states localized at the interface between the ordered and disordered phases. Such an interface naturally arises when the particles are subject to a weak harmonic confinement along the tube axis. We compute the signature of the edge states in the single particle tunneling spectra pointing to differences between a system with bosonic versus fermionic particles. Finally we asses the magnitude of the relevant quantum fluctuations in realistic systems of dipolar particles, including ultracold polar molecules as well as alkali atoms weakly dressed by a Rydberg excitation.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Efficient Deep Learning Models for Privacy-preserving People Counting on Low-resolution Infrared Arrays
Creators: name: Xie, Chen
name: Daghero, Francesco
name: Chen, Yukai
name: Castellano, Marco
name: Gandolfi, Luca
name: Calimera, Andrea
name: Macii, Enrico
name: Poncino, Massimo
name: Pagliari, Daniele Jahier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultra-low-resolution Infrared (IR) array sensors offer a low-cost, energy-efficient, and privacy-preserving solution for people counting, with applications such as occupancy monitoring. Previous work has shown that Deep Learning (DL) can yield superior performance on this task. However, the literature was missing an extensive comparative analysis of various efficient DL architectures for IR array-based people counting, that considers not only their accuracy, but also the cost of deploying them on memory- and energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) edge nodes. In this work, we address this need by comparing 6 different DL architectures on a novel dataset composed of IR images collected from a commercial 8x8 array, which we made openly available. With a wide architectural exploration of each model type, we obtain a rich set of Pareto-optimal solutions, spanning cross-validated balanced accuracy scores in the 55.70-82.70% range. When deployed on a commercial Microcontroller (MCU) by STMicroelectronics, the STM32L4A6ZG, these models occupy 0.41-9.28kB of memory, and require 1.10-7.74ms per inference, while consuming 17.18-120.43 $μ$J of energy. Our models are significantly more accurate than a previous deterministic method (up to +39.9%), while being up to 3.53x faster and more energy efficient. Further, our models' accuracy is comparable to state-of-the-art DL solutions on similar resolution sensors, despite a much lower complexity. All our models enable continuous, real-time inference on a MCU-based IoT node, with years of autonomous operation without battery recharging.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Internet of Things Journal; Fixed typos
Pennahia anea
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Sciaenidae
Pennahia
Pennahia anea

description: Pennahia anea (Bloch, 1793) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 3, 180– 195 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 4 Mar. 2019; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (48) 00006.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 624, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
title: Collagen structure within aneurysm tissue in bicuspid aortic valve patients
Creators: name: Bozorgmehr, Zahra
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Aortic aneurysms pose a substantial clinical problem, especially in individuals with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease, as aneurysm formation is 50% more common in these populations. Although the exact cause of aortic aneurysms in BAV patients is still unknown, a growing body of research points to changes in the elastin and collagen composition of the aneurysm tissue as a key component influencing the course of the disease. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify collagen's contributions to aneurysm development, progression, and clinical consequences by examining its presence and type within aneurysm tissue in BAV patients and exploring the relationship between collagen content and type and its mechanical characteristics assessed on the same tissue patients. For this purpose we followed three steps including 1) developing a protocol to extract the protein from the tissue and performing ELISA tests; 2) examining the changes in the structure of the tissue before and after the tissue processing using SEM images for a representative sample, and 3) comparing the ELISA results to the mechanical properties obtained on the same tissue specimens -same region and same layer - to explore the possible correlation between the collagen content and the mechanical properties. The analysis of collagen composition and mechanical properties on the same tissues revealed some interesting results; first of all, high Wall Shear Stress (WSS) in the greater curvature region correlated with lower collagen content in Greater Curvature (GC). Further, we found that higher collagen contents correlated with stiffness but not strength. Moreover, results for both collagen-I ɑ-2 and collagen-III showed a bimodal distribution with a clear patient effect: for each patient with a high amount of collagen-III, the amount of collagen-I ɑ-2 was also high, regardless of layer and region, suggesting that collagen deposition could be different in different patients, possibly on account of the different stage/progression of the disease, as well as differences in genetics. These findings suggest a specific collagen signature associated with aortic pathophysiology in BAV patients. Further studies should clarify whether the patient-specific differences observed are associated with disease development and if lack of collagen renewal plays a role in aneurysm progression.
Three new diphenyl ether derivatives from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis fukushii
Creators: name: Gao, Yu-Hong
name: Zheng, Rui
name: Li, Jing
name: Kong, Wei-Song
name: Liu, Xin
name: Ye, Lin
name: Mi, Qi-Li
name: Zhou, Min
name: Yang, Guang-Yu
name: Hu, Qiu-Fen
name: Du, Gang
name: Yang, Hai-Ying
name: Li, Xue-Mei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Three new diphenyl ethers (1-3), together with four known isopentylated diphenyl ethers derivatives (4-7), were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis fukushii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed strong inhibitions with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 20.2 ± 2.5 mm and 17.9 ± 2.2 mm, respectively. Compound 3 also showed good inhibition with IZD 15.2 ± 1.8 mm. The IZD data of compound 1 is close to that of positive control with IZD 21.9 ± 2.1 mm.
Pennahia ovata Sasaki 1996
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Sciaenidae
Pennahia
Pennahia ovata

description: Pennahia ovata Sasaki, 1996 Material examined. MALAYSIA • 5, 188– 202 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (48) 00003.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 625, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
Watchful gods, watchful governments, and the peculiar psychological properties of anti-atheist prejudice
Creators: name: Gervais, Will Martin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Recent polls indicate that atheists are among the least liked people in areas with religious majorities (i.e., in most of the world). An evolutionary approach to prejudice, combined with a cultural evolutionary model of religion’s effects on cooperation, suggest that anti-atheist prejudice is particularly motivated by distrust. Consistent with this theoretical framework, a broad sample of American adults revealed that distrust characterized anti-atheist prejudice, but not antigay prejudice (Chapter 2). Furthermore, a description of a criminally untrustworthy individual was seen as comparably representative of atheists and rapists, but not representative of Christians, Muslims, Jewish people, feminists, or gays (Chapter 3). Results were consistent with the hypothesis that the relationship between belief in God and atheist distrust was mediated by the belief that people behave better if they feel that God is watching them (Chapter 3). In sum, atheists have long been distrusted, in part because they do not believe that a watchful, judging god monitors their behavior. However, in many parts of the world, secular institutions such as police, judges, and courts are also potent sources of social monitoring that encourage prosocial behavior. Reminders of such secular authority could therefore reduce believers’ distrust of atheists. Participants who watched a video about police effectiveness or were subtly primed with secular authority concepts expressed less distrust of atheists than did participants who watched a control video or were not primed, respectively (Chapter 4). Furthermore, political intolerance of atheists is reduced in countries with effective secular rule of law (Chapter 5). These studies are among the first to systematically explore the social psychological underpinnings of anti-atheist prejudice, and converge to indicate the centrality of distrust in this phenomenon.
title: The role of Prebiotic Fiber supplementation in modulating Gut Microbiota and behavioral outcomes following Cesarean Delivery
Creators: name: Biddle, Melissa
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Gut Microbiota
subject: Cesarean Section
subject: Behavior
subject: Anxiety
subject: Oligofructose
subject: Prebiotic fibre
subject: Birth mode
subject: Nutrition

description: Birth by caesarean section (CS) is an increasingly common obstetrical procedure, improving both mother and infant outcomes. The long-term outcomes of this procedure for the offspring have been recognized following the emerging evidence of elevated risk of metabolic and neurological dysfunction in those born by CS, including increased risk of diagnosis anxiety or depression. The mechanism linking CS birth to mood disorders is unknown, but is thought to stem from the altered microbial exposure during birthing, which may impact offspring development. The abnormal microbiota during critical developmental windows may prime these systems for dysfunction. Prebiotic fibers promote a favourable microbiota composition, potentially attenuating abnormal microbiota development, and reducing the risk of negative health outcomes. The objective of this thesis was to examine the effect of prebiotic supplementation in early life on rat pups born by CS, to assess if it is able to rescue the unfavorable microbiota profile stemming from CS birth and reduce the risk of developing anxiety-like behaviour. Sprague Dawley rats born by CS (n=40) and VB (n=45) either divided into a control group fed regular rat chow or a oligofructose supplemented diet (5% OFS from p21-p42, 10% OFS from p42 – p115). At 11 weeks of age rats were subjected to behavioural testing to assess anxiety-like behaviour (elevated plus maze and open field test), sociability (three chamber sociability test), cognition (novel object recognition) and anhedonia (sucrose preference test). Gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA sequencing), various metabolic outcomes (glucose tolerance, body composition, and serum analytes) and amygdala gene expression (RT-qPCR). CS birth resulted in increased anxiety-like behavior in males in the EPM, differences in gut microbiota (diversity and abundance), reduced glucose tolerance, altered serum metabolite concentration, and altered amygdala gene expression. All of these metrics other than gene expression were improved with OFS supplementation. There were no differences in depressive-like behaviour (anhedonia), cognition, or social behaviour. Overall, birth by CS led to a variety of developmental alterations, many of which was preventable to OFS supplementation. This provides further evidence regarding the developmental abnormalities following CS birth, and the potential use of prebiotic supplementation to reduce these abnormalities.
Generalized Devil's staircase and RG flows
Creators: name: Flack, Ana
name: Gorsky, Alexander
name: Nechaev, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a two-parameter renormalization group (RG) flow when parameters are organized in a single complex variable, $τ$, with modular properties. Throughout the work we consider a special limit when the imaginary part of $τ$ characterizing the disorder strength tends to zero. We argue that generalized Riemann-Thomae (gRT) function and the corresponding generalized Devil's staircase emerge naturally in a variety of physical models providing a universal behavior. In 1D we study the Anderson-like probe hopping in a weakly disordered lattice, recognize the origin of the gRT function in the spectral density of the probe and formulate specific RG procedure which gets mapped onto the discrete flow in the fundamental domain of the modular group $SL(2,Z)$. In 2D we consider the generalization of the phyllotaxis crystal model proposed by L. Levitov and suggest the explicit form of the effective potential for the probe particle propagating in the symmetric and asymmetric 2D lattice of defects. Analyzing the structure of RG flow equations in the vicinity of saddle points we claim emergence of BKT-like transitions at ${\rm Im}\,τ\to 0$. We show that the RG-like dynamics in the fundamental domain of $SL(2,Z)$ for asymmetric lattices asymptotically approaches the "Silver ratio". For a Hubbard model of particles on a ring interacting via long-ranged potentials we investigate the dependence of the ground state energy on the potential and demonstrate by combining numerical and analytical tools the emergence of the generalized Devil's staircase. Also we conjecture a bridge between a Hubbard model and a phyllotaxis.
description: bugs fixed and figures corrected (49 pages and 18 figures), to apear in Nucl Phys. B (accepted)
Next-to-leading order QCD predictions for $Z^0 H^0 + {\rm jet}$ production at LHC
Creators: name: Ji-Juan, Su
name: Lei, Guo
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Ren-You, Zhang
name: Liu-Sheng, Ling
name: Liang, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the complete next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the $Z^0H^0$ production in association with a jet at the LHC. We study the impacts of the NLO QCD radiative corrections to the integrated and differential cross sections and the dependence of the cross section on the factorization/renormalization scale. We present the transverse momentum distributions of the final $Z^0$-, Higgs-boson and leading-jet. We find that the NLO QCD corrections significantly modify the physical observables, and obviously reduce the scale uncertainty of the LO cross section. The QCD K-factors can be 1.183 and 1.180 at the $\sqrt{s}=14 TeV$ and $\sqrt{s}=7 TeV$ LHC respectively, when we adopt the inclusive event selection scheme with $p_{T,j}^{cut}=50 GeV$, $m_H=120 GeV$ and $μ=μ_r=μ_f=μ_0 \equiv 1/2(m_Z+m_H)$. Furthermore, we make the comparison between the two scale choices, $μ=μ_0$ and $μ=μ_1=1/2(E_{T}^{Z}+E_{T}^{H}+ \sum_{j}E_{T}^{jet})$, and find the scale choice $μ=μ_1$ seems to be more appropriate than the fixed scale $μ=μ_0$.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Sugar intake and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort and cross-sectional studies
Creators: name: Zhao, Yang
name: Feng, Yifei
name: Zeng, Yunhong
name: Di, Wencheng
name: Luo, Xinping
name: Wu, Xiaojing
name: Guan, Ruiyun
name: Xu, Lidan
name: Yang, Xingjin
name: Li, Yang
name: Wu, Yuying
name: Wu, Xiaoyan
name: Zhang, Yanyan
name: Li, Xi
name: Qin, Pei
name: Hu, Fulan
name: Hu, Dongsheng
name: Li, Honghui
name: Zhang, Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between sugar intake, the levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the risk of hypertension, but findings have been inconsistent. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to examine the associations between sugar intake, hypertension risk, and BP levels. Articles published up to February 2, 2021 were sourced through PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a fixed- or random-effects model. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate dose-response associations. Overall, 35 studies were included in the present meta-analysis (23 for hypertension and 12 for BP). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) were positively associated with hypertension risk: 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15–1.37) and 1.10 (1.07–1.13) per 250-g/day increment, respectively. For SBP, only SSBs were significant with a pooled β value of 0.24 mmHg (95% CI, 0.12–0.36) per 250 g increase. Fructose, sucrose, and added sugar, however, were shown to be associated with elevated DBP with 0.83 mmHg (0.07–1.59), 1.10 mmHg (0.12–2.08), and 5.15 mmHg (0.09–10.21), respectively. Current evidence supports the harmful effects of sugar intake for hypertension and BP level, especially SSBs, ASBs, and total sugar intake.
Geometric phase and a nonreciprocal spin wave circular polarizer
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Lan, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that spin wave acquires a polarization-dependent geometric phase along a cyclic trajectory of non-coplanar magnetizations in antiferromagnets. Specifically, we demonstrate that a cyclic set of 90 degree antiferromagnetic domain walls simultaneously introduce geometric and dynamic phases to spin wave, and thus leads to asymmetric magnitude of overall phase for left-/right-circular components. Based on the polarization-dependent phase, we propose theoretically and confirm by micromagnetic simulations that, a Mach-Zehner interferometer with cyclic 90 degree domain walls in one arm and homogenous domain in the other arm, naturally acts as a spin wave circular polarizer. Moreover, the circular polarizer has intrinsic nonreciprocity, which filters opposite polarization in opposite propagation direction.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Remyelination strategies following spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Plemel, Jason Ryan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in substantial oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. Remyelination is deemed critical because denuded axons not only lack the myelin necessary to achieve normal conduction velocity, but are also at increased risk of degeneration. A more rapid remyelination thus hypothesized to spare more axons from axonal degeneration, ultimately sparing neurological circuitry from the secondary damage that continues in the days and weeks following SCI. In this thesis I undertake two strategies to improve remyelination after SCI. In Chapter 2, I investigated whether transplantation of murine Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-responsive neural precursor cells (PRPs) could differentiate into remyelinating oligodendrocytes and improve functional recovery after SCI. Transplanted PRPs integrated into host tissue, differentiated into extensively branched mature oligodendrocytes that ensheathed multiple axons, and produced mature myelin. Thus, PRP-derived oligodendrocytes were capable of generating mature myelin sheaths on denuded CNS axons. To our surprise, although transplanted PRPs efficiently produced oligodendrocytes in the injured spinal cord, there was no significant increase in the total number of myelinated axons in PRP-transplanted versus media control animals. Likewise there was no improvement in behavioural recovery following transplantation in two separate experiments. Blocking known inhibitors of oligodendrocyte differentiation or maturation could improve remyelination. Myelin debris is present following SCI and inhibits oligodendrocyte development in vitro, and I hypothesized that myelin debris inhibits remyelination after SCI. In Chapter 3, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were grown in culture in the presence of myelin. Using this approach, I found that on myelin there was a robust inhibition of oligodendroglia maturation, without a corresponding increase in cell death or proliferation. To understand how myelin inhibits maturation, I measured the expression of a number of genes encoding well-characterized transcription factors that negatively regulate oligodendrocyte development. Associated with stalled maturation, I found myelin increases Inhibitor of Differentiation (ID) 2 and 4, which upon overexpression in OPCs is known to stall maturation. Thus, enhanced levels of ID2 and ID4 in oligodendroglia that are in contact with myelin provides a mechanistic understanding as to how myelin inhibits oligodendroglial maturation.
Cephalopholis formosa
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Serranidae
Cephalopholis
Cephalopholis formosa

description: Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw, 1812) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 1, 235 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 7.12.2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (74) 00008.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 625, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
From nature to industry: Harnessing enzymes for biocatalysis
Creators: name: Buller, Rebecca
name: Lutz, Stefan
name: Kazlauskas, Romas
name: Snajdrova, Radka
name: Moore, Jeffrey
name: Bornscheuer, Uwe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Biocatalysis harnesses enzymes to make valuable products. This green technology is used in countless applications from bench scale to industrial production and allows practitioners to access complex organic molecules, often with fewer synthetic steps and reduced waste. The last decade has seen an explosion in the development of experimental and computational tools to tailor enzymatic properties, equipping enzyme engineers with the ability to create biocatalysts that perform reactions not present in nature. By using (chemo)-enzymatic synthesis routes or orchestrating intricate enzyme cascades, scientists can synthesize elaborate targets ranging from DNA and complex pharmaceuticals to starch made in vitro from CO2-derived methanol. In addition, new chemistries have emerged through the combination of biocatalysis with transition metal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. This review highlights recent key developments, identifies current limitations, and provides a future prospect for this rapidly developing technology.
title: The Tuniit World in Flux: A Zooarchaeological Analysis of a Late Paleo-Inuit Household in Umingmak Nuna/Ellesmere Island
Creators: name: Taylor, Gillian Bronwyn
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Tuniit
subject: Dorset
subject: zooarchaeology
subject: polynyas
subject: Paleo-Inuit
subject: Ellesmere Island
subject: subsistence
subject: Archaeology

description: This thesis explores the environmental choices and adaptive strategies of the Late Tuniit (Dorset) at the SiFi-4 site, located in Franklin Pierce Bay in northern Umingmak Nuna (Ellesmere Island). After over 3,000 years in the eastern Arctic, the Tuniit represent the culmination of generations of environmental knowledge, innovation, and experience in a challenging landscape that requires intimate knowledge and planning for periods of resource scarcity. SiFi-4, a unique site consisting of a single Late Tuniit dwelling and associated midden, represents a departure from typical Tuniit sites surrounding Pikialasorsuaq (North Water polynya) and provides a rare opportunity to study the subsistence strategies of an isolated Tuniit household at a pivotal point in time. This research involves the zooarchaeological analysis of the SiFi-4 dwelling and midden, focusing on the midden faunal remains to analyze how hunting, resource management, and environmental stewardship were practiced during this period of transformation. New radiocarbon dates suggest that SiFi-4 was occupied at the very end of the Paleo-Inuit period, contemporaneous with the arrival of Inuit ancestors in the Pikialasorsuaq area. The study offers insights into their final adaptations within their environment and reveals that, rather than passive victims of climate or social upheaval, the Tuniit made deliberate choices that reflect both a deep understanding of their environment and a proactive approach to managing resources in a changing world affected by the Medieval Warming Period, Little Ice Age, and the arrival of early Inuit and Norse in the area. The SiFi-4 site suggests a pattern of avoidance of these newcomers by this Late Tuniit family. By examining the environmental decisions made by this isolated household, this thesis sheds light on broader human-environment relationships and provides lessons on resilience and ecological creativity in the face of radical environmental and cultural change—topics highly relevant in today’s context of climate challenges.
Crk proteins transduce FGF signaling to promote lens fiber cell elongation
Creators: name: Collins, Tamica
name: Mao, Yingyu
name: Li, Hongge
name: Bouaziz, Michael
name: Hong, Angela
name: Feng, Gen-Sheng
name: Wang, Fen
name: Quilliam, Lawrence A.
name: Chen, Lin
name: Park, Taeju
name: Curran, Tom
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Fibroblast growth factors
Biochemistry
Developmental biology
Cells--Morphology

description: Specific cell shapes are fundamental to the organization and function of multicellular organisms. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling induces the elongation of lens fiber cells during vertebrate lens development. Nonetheless, exactly how this extracellular FGF signal is transmitted to the cytoskeletal network has previously not been determined. Here, we show that the Crk family of adaptor proteins, Crk and Crkl, are required for mouse lens morphogenesis but not differentiation. Genetic ablation and epistasis experiments demonstrated that Crk and Crkl play overlapping roles downstream of FGF signaling in order to regulate lens fiber cell elongation. Upon FGF stimulation, Crk proteins were found to interact with Frs2, Shp2 and Grb2. The loss of Crk proteins was partially compensated for by the activation of Ras and Rac signaling. These results reveal that Crk proteins are important partners of the Frs2/Shp2/Grb2 complex in mediating FGF signaling, specifically promoting cell shape changes.
On the structure of homogeneous symplectic varieties of complete intersection
Creators: name: Namikawa, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: If X is a symplectic variety emedded in an affine space as a complete intersection of homogeneous polynomials, then X coincides with the nilpotent variety of a semisimple Lie algebra.
description: 27 pages (Final version; to appear in Invent Math)
Multispin Clifford codes for angular momentum errors in spin systems
Creators: name: Omanakuttan, Sivaprasad
name: Gross, Jonathan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical symmetries of a system play a central role in quantum error correction. In this work we encode a qubit in a collection of systems with angular-momentum symmetry (spins), extending the tools developed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 010504 for single large spins. By considering large spins present in atomic systems and focusing on their collective symmetric subspace, we develop new codes with octahedral symmetry capable of correcting errors up to second order in angular-momentum operators. These errors include the most physically relevant noise sources such as microwave control errors and optical pumping. We additionally explore new qubit codes that exhibit distance scaling commensurate with the surface code while permitting transversal single-qubit Clifford operations.
description: Minor corrections on the previous version
title: Cellular Network Interactions Comprising the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Microenvironment
Creators: name: Torabian, Pedram
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: cancer
subject: spatial transcriptomics
subject: machine learning
subject: bioinformatics
subject: pancreatic cancer
subject: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Biology--Molecular

description: Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, marked by complex interactions between tumor and stromal cells and significant resistance to treatment. Understanding the cellular and molecular heterogeneity within the PDAC tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing more targeted therapeutic strategies. Spatial transcriptomics offers a powerful approach to capture cell-to-cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment, revealing tissue architecture and providing insights into the spatial organization of cellular populations. Methods: Spatial transcriptomics was performed on three PDAC samples from a single patient to explore cellular and genetic complexities within the tumor microenvironment. Cells were manually annotated; however, some cells remained unclassified based on stringent criteria. To address this, an XGBoost machine learning classifier was developed, utilizing differentially expressed genes from tumor cells and fibroblasts as classification features. After sample integration, the number of clusters for tumor cells and fibroblasts was calculated, resulting in the identification of three tumor clusters (T1, T2, T3) and three fibroblast clusters (F1, F2, F3). The spatial organization of these clusters was further investigated using the BuildNicheAssay function, which applies a KNN algorithm to define the local neighborhood of each cell, followed by K-means clustering to categorize cells into three spatial niches based on prior knowledge. Results: Three distinct cell niches were identified: T1F2 (the proliferating hub), T2F3 (the metabolic battery), and T3F1 (the adaptive core). Each niche displayed unique functional properties. The T1F2 niche, containing proliferating tumor cells supported by fibroblasts, was associated with enhanced tumor growth and angiogenesis. The T2F3 niche demonstrated considerable metabolic plasticity, supporting energy demands. The T3F1 niche was characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven tumor cells interacting with fibroblasts, coupled with WNT/β-catenin and hedgehog signaling pathways, providing insights into PDAC invasion and metastasis mechanisms. Conclusion: Our study reveals a niche-based model of PDAC progression, where specialized microenvironments contribute distinct functionalities to tumor growth and adaptation. This model enhances our understanding of PDAC heterogeneity, offering insights that may guide the development of more targeted and effective therapies.
Dust SEDs in the era of Herschel and Planck: a Hierarchical Bayesian fitting technique
Creators: name: Kelly, Brandon C.
name: Shetty, Rahul
name: Stutz, Amelia M.
name: Kauffmann, Jens
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
name: Launhardt, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a hierarchical Bayesian method for fitting infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of dust emission to observed fluxes. Under the standard assumption of optically thin single temperature (T) sources the dust SED as represented by a power--law modified black body is subject to a strong degeneracy between T and the spectral index beta. The traditional non-hierarchical approaches, typically based on chi-square minimization, are severely limited by this degeneracy, as it produces an artificial anti-correlation between T and beta even with modest levels of observational noise. The hierarchical Bayesian method rigorously and self-consistently treats measurement uncertainties, including calibration and noise, resulting in more precise SED fits. As a result, the Bayesian fits do not produce any spurious anti-correlations between the SED parameters due to measurement uncertainty. We demonstrate that the Bayesian method is substantially more accurate than the chi-square fit in recovering the SED parameters, as well as the correlations between them. As an illustration, we apply our method to Herschel and sub millimeter ground-based observations of the star-forming Bok globule CB244. This source is a small, nearby molecular cloud containing a single low-mass protostar and a starless core. We find that T and beta are weakly positively correlated -- in contradiction with the chi-square fits, which indicate a T-beta anti-correlation from the same data-set. Additionally, in comparison to the chi-square fits the Bayesian SED parameter estimates exhibit a reduced range in values.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, ApJ format, revised version matches ApJ-accepted version
Visual Cognition: In sight, in mind
Creators: name: Aly, Mariam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Cognition
subject: Cognitive neuroscience
subject: Semantic memory
subject: Brain--Magnetic resonance imaging
subject: Visual perception

description: A region of the brain called the perirhinal cortex represents both what things look like and what they mean.
Additional file 1 of Enhancement of hemostatic properties of Cyclotella cryptica frustule through genetic manipulation
Creators: name: Wang, Lulu
name: Sun, Yan
name: Zhang, Ruihao
name: Pan, Kehou
name: Li, Yuhang
name: Wang, Ruibing
name: Zhang, Lin
name: Zhou, Chengxu
name: Li, Jian
name: Li, Yun
name: Zhu, Baohua
name: Han, Jichang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Plasmid map of CcpPHa-T1. Bleo: bleomycin resistance; Amp: region encoding ampicillin resistance. Native promoter: 13,652 (g10780.t1) promoter; Native terminator: 13,652 (g10780.t1) terminator. Figure S2. a CcSAPs sequences with highlighted signal peptide (green), RXL site (blue), transmembrane domain (bold font), conserved domain after transmembrane domain (yellow). b The schematic of CcSAPs. Figure S3. Transcript patterns of CcSAP1 (a), CcSAP2 (b), CcSAP3 (c) under Si-starvation and Si-replete conditions. Figure S4. The amplification of the ble gene in ten transformation strains. Figure S5. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and the corresponding pore size distribution of wide type (a) and CcSAP2 knockdown lines of A-2 (b), A-4 (c), and A-5 (d). Figure S6. The blood compatibility of frustules (a-d). WT represents the wild type strain; A-2, A-4, and A-5 represent the antisense RNA clones. Figure S7. a The linear regression analysis between BET value and MA (mm) of frustules. b The linear fit of liquid absorbability and MA (mm) frustules. Table S1. Primers used to amplify target genes for cloning.
title: Coping Through Creativity: Artmaking During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Yeganeh Farid, Sepidar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artmaking
subject: Self-directed Art
subject: Coping
subject: COVID-19 pandemic
subject: Well-being
subject: Mental Health
subject: Counselling Psychology
subject: Everyday Creativity
subject: Artivism
subject: Creative Expression
subject: Pandemic Research
subject: Holistic Wellness
subject: Dance
subject: Fine Arts
subject: Music
subject: Theater
subject: Education--Art
subject: Education--Guidance and Counseling
subject: Education--Health
subject: Education--Social Sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Psychology--Social

description: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges to well-being, including heightened levels of isolation, anxiety, and stress. Even amidst social distancing measures and isolation, there was a sudden and widespread surge in artistic activities, as people turned to artmaking in the face of these unprecedented challenges. This thesis examined how self-directed artmaking aided in coping and enhancing well-being during the pandemic. While previous research has explored the benefits of art on well-being, this thesis focused on the specific role of self-directed artmaking to cope during the novel crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), I conducted interviews with five participants, including both professional and non-professional artists, who engaged in art independently without formal guidance. The analysis revealed that participants used artmaking as a crucial coping mechanism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three overarching themes, Art for Survival, Art for Revival, and Art for Revolution, highlighted how artmaking facilitated creative connections, embodied healing, emotional processing, self-reflection, and personal discovery, while also serving as a platform for advocacy and social justice. These findings demonstrated art’s capacity to support well-being in multifaceted ways, helping participants navigate the complex challenges posed by the pandemic. Implications for government policy, education, and counselling psychology are discussed, including the potential of artmaking as a versatile, practical, and independent tool for enhancing well-being during challenging times, and importance of art-based initiatives in public health strategies and educational curricula.
Dai-Freed anomaly in the standard model and topological inflation
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When we impose the discrete symmetry in the standard model we have Dai-Freed global anomalies. However, interestingly if we introduce three right-handed neutrinos we can have an anomaly-free discrete $Z_4$ gauge symmetry. This $Z_4$ symmetry should be spontaneously broken down to the $Z_2$ symmetry to generate the heavy Majorana masses for the right-handed neutrinos. We show that this symmetry breaking naturally generates topological inflation, which is consistent with the CMB observations at present and predicts a significant tensor mode with scalar-tensor ratio $r > 0.03$. The right-handed neutrinos play an important role in reheating processes. The reheating temperature is as high as $\sim 10^8$GeV, and non-thermal leptogenesis successfully takes place.
description: 10 pages and 3 figures, version published in JHEP
Tests of the universality of free fall for strongly self-gravitating bodies with radio pulsars
Creators: name: Freire, Paulo C. C.
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Wex, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we review tests of the strong equivalence principle (SEP) derived from pulsar-white dwarf data. The extreme difference in binding energy between both components and the precise measurement of the orbital motion provided by pulsar timing allow the only current precision SEP tests for strongly self-gravitating bodies. We start by highlighting why such tests are conceptually important. We then review previous work where limits on SEP violation are obtained with an ensemble of wide binary systems with small eccentricity orbits. Then we propose a new SEP violation test based on the measurement of the variation of the orbital eccentricity de/dt. This new method has the following advantages: a) unlike previous methods it is not based on probabilistic considerations, b) it can make a direct detection of SEP violation, c) the measurement of de/dt is not contaminated by any known external effects, which implies that this SEP test is only restricted by the measurement precision of de/dt. In the final part of the review, we conceptually compare the SEP test with the test for dipolar radiation damping, a phenomenon closely related to SEP violation, and speculate on future prospects by new types of tests in globular clusters and future triple systems.
description: 19 pages, two figures; in press in Classical and Quantum Gravity as an invited review on the "focus issue" on Tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle, organized by Clive Speake and Clifford Will, proof corrections added