cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ορολογική εργασία στις Ιατρικές Θεματικές Επικεφαλίδες (MeSH), σε συνεργασία με τη μονάδα SIMED του πανεπιστημιακού νοσοκομείου της Γενεύης
Creators: name: Αλεξανδρίδου, Ελευθερία Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2019
Subjects: ιατρικές θεματικές επικεφαλίδες
ιατρική
ανατομία
medical subject headings
medicine
anatomy

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η αναζήτηση και η διερεύνηση τμήματος ορολογίας των Ιατρικών Θεματικών Επικεφαλίδων (MeSH) της Εθνικής Βιβλιοθήκης Ιατρικής (NLM) των ΗΠΑ. Οι Ιατρικές Θεματικές Επικεφαλίδες αποτελούν ένα ολοκληρωμένο ελεγχόμενο λεξιλόγιο που εξυπηρετεί σκοπούς ευρετηρίασης των άρθρων, περιοδικών και βιβλίων στον τομέα των ιατρικών επιστημών. Η ορολογική εργασία πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πεδίο της ιατρικής και πιο συγκεκριμένα της ανατομίας, με γλώσσες εργασίας τα αγγλικά, τα ελληνικά και τα γαλλικά. Επιλέχθηκαν συνολικά 139 όροι που καταγράφηκαν σε φύλλα Excel και δημιουργήθηκαν οι αντίστοιχες οντολογίες για την απεικόνιση των εννοιολογικών σχέσεων που αναπτύσσονται μεταξύ των όρων
description: The purpose of this master’s thesis is to research and investigate part of the Medical Subject Headings’ terminology. Medical Subject Headings, which are created and updated by the USA National Library of Medicine (NLM), are a comprehensive controlled vocabulary that serves the purposes of indexing articles of medical journals and books. Terminological work was carried out in the field of medicine and in particular of anatomy, with working languages being English, Greek and French. A total of 139 terms were registered in Excel sheets. In order to illustrate the conceptual relationships developed between the terms, there were also created the according ontologies
Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift and GLAST Era
Creators: name: Le, Truong
name: Dermer, Charles D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize our model for long-duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) that fits the redshift (z) distributions measured with Swift and missions before Swift, and the pre-Swift GRB jet opening-angle distribution inferred from achromatic breaks in the optical light curves. We find that the comoving rate density of GRB sources exhibits positive evolution to $z \gtrsim 3$ -- 5, whereas the star formation rate inferred from measurements of the blue and UV luminosity density peaks at $z\sim 1$ -- 3. The mean intrinsic beaming factor of GRBs is found to be $\approx 34$ -- 42, and we predict that the mean GRB optical jet opening half-angle measured with Swift is $\approx 10^\circ$. We estimate the number of GRBs per year that GLAST is expected to observe based on ratios of BATSE and EGRET GRB fluences.
description: 2 pages; 1 figure; 1st GLAST Symposium, Palo Alto, California, February 5-8, 2007. Submitted for publication with the Conference Proceedings, AIP
Sunspot tilt angles revisited: Dependence on the solar cycle strength
Creators: name: Jiao, Qirong
name: Jiang, Jie
name: Wang, Zi-Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tilt angle of sunspot groups is crucial in the BL type dynamo. Some studies have shown that the tilt coefficient is anti-correlated with the cycle strength. If the anti-correlation exists, it will be shown to act as an effective nonlinearity of the BL-type dynamo to modulate the solar cycle. However, some studies have shown that the anti-correlation has no statistical significance. We aim to investigate the causes behind the controversial results of tilt angle studies and to establish whether the tilt coefficient is indeed anti-correlated with the cycle strength. We first analyzed the tilt angles from DPD. Based on the methods applied in previous studies, we took two criteria to select the data, along with the linear and square-root functions to describe Joy's law, and three methods to derive the tilt coefficients for cycles 21-24. This allowed us to evaluate different methods based on comparisons of the differences among the tilt coefficients and the tilt coefficient uncertainties. Then we utilized Monte Carlo experiments to verify the results. Finally, we extended these methods to analyze the separate hemispheric DPD data and the tilt angle data from Kodaikanal and Mount Wilson. The tilt angles exhibit an extremely wide scatter due to both the intrinsic mechanism for its generation and measurement errors, for instance, the unipolar regions included in data sets. Different methods to deal with the uncertainties are mainly responsible for the controversial character of the previous results. The linear fit to the tilt-latitude relation of sunspot groups with $Δs>2.5$ of a cycle carried out without binning the data can minimize the effect of the tilt scatter on the uncertainty of the tilt coefficient. Based on this method the tilt angle coefficient is anti-correlated with the cycle strength with strong statistical significance.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 8 Tables, Accepted for publication in A&A
Wind-powered ultraluminous X-ray sources
Creators: name: Wiktorowicz, Grzegorz
name: Lasota, Jean-Pierre
name: Belczynski, Krzysztof
name: Lu, Youjun
name: Liu, Jifeng
name: Iłkiewicz, Krystian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULX) are important for astrophysics due to their extreme apparent super-Eddington luminosities, their nature is still poorly known. Theoretical and observational studies suggest that ULXs could be a diversified group of objects composed of low-mass X-ray binaries, high-mass X-ray binaries and marginally also systems containing intermediate-mass black holes, which is supported by their presence in a variety of environments. Observational data on the ULX donors could significantly boost our understanding of these systems, but only a few were detected. There are several candidates, mostly red supergiants (RSGs), but surveys are typically biased toward luminous near-infrared objects. Nevertheless, it is worth exploring if RSGs can be members of ULX binaries. In such systems matter accreted onto the compact body would have to be provided by the stellar wind of the companion, since a Roche-lobe overflow could be unstable for relevant mass-ratios. Here we present a comprehensive study of the evolution and population of wind-fed ULXs and provide a theoretical support for the link between RSGs and ULXs. Our estimated upper limit on contribution of wind-fed ULX to the overall ULX population is $\sim75$--$96\%$ for young ($<100$ Myr) star forming environments, $\sim 49$--$87\%$ for prolonged constant star formation (e.g., disk of Milky Way), and $\lesssim1\%$ for environments in which star formation ceased long time ($>2$ Gyr) ago. We show also that some wind-fed ULXs (up to $6\%$) may evolve into merging double compact objects (DCOs), but typical systems are not viable progenitors of such binaries because of their large separations. We demonstrate that, the exclusion of wind-fed ULXs from population studies of ULXs, might have lead to systematical errors in their conclusions.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted to ApJ
Virial Masses of Black Holes from Single Epoch Spectra of AGN
Creators: name: Kelly, Brandon C.
name: Bechtold, Jill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the general problem of estimating black hole masses of AGN by calculating the conditional probability distribution of M_BH given some set of observables. Special attention is given to the case where one uses the AGN continuum luminosity and emission line widths to estimate M_BH, and we outline how to set up the conditional probability distribution of M_BH given the observed luminosity, line width, and redshift. We show how to combine the broad line estimates of M_BH with information from an intrinsic correlation between M_BH and L, and from the intrinsic distribution of M_BH, in a manner that improves the estimates of M_BH. Simulation was used to assess how the distribution of M_BH inferred from the broad line mass estimates differs from the intrinsic distribution, and we find that this can lead to an inferred distribution that is too broad. We use these results and a sample of 25 sources that have recent reverberation mapping estimates of AGN black hole masses to investigate the effectiveness of using the C IV emission line to estimate M_BH and to indirectly probe the C IV region size--luminosity (R--L) relationship. We estimated M_BH from both C IV and H-Beta for a sample of 100 sources, including new spectra of 29 quasars. We find that the two emission lines give consistent estimates if one assumes R \propto L^{1/2}_{UV} for both lines.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ
Generic Mechanism for Remote Triggering of Earthquakes
Creators: name: Charan, Harish
name: Pomyalov, Anna
name: Procaccia, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ``Remote triggering" refers to the inducement of earthquakes by weak perturbations that emanate from far away sources, typically intense earthquakes that happen at much larger distances than their nearby aftershocks, sometimes even around the globe. Here, we propose a mechanism for this phenomenon; the proposed mechanism is generic, resulting from the breaking of Hamiltonian symmetry due to the existence of friction. We allow a transition from static to dynamic friction. {\em Linearly stable} stressed systems display giant sensitivity to small perturbations of arbitrary frequency (without a need for resonance), which trigger an instability with exponential oscillatory growth. Once nonlinear effects kick in, the blow up in mean-square displacements can reach 15-20 orders of magnitude. Analytic and numerical results of the proposed model are presented and discussed.
description: 11 pages and 8 figures
Applicability and Constraints in Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Biotechnology and Healthcare
Creators: name: Garg, HK
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460207
subject: Modelling and simulation
classificationCode: 460304
subject: Computer vision
classificationCode: 460201
subject: Artificial life and complex adaptive systems
classificationCode: 460209
subject: Planning and decision making

description: The present project investigates the feasibility and limitations of implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare and biotechnology through a global analysis of use cases. The study aims to assess the practicality and viability of implementing AI solutions in these fields, examining their real-world impact on diagnostics, treatment, drug discovery, and patient care. Key objectives involve identifying successful use cases demonstrating AI's positive contributions and elucidating potential barriers and ethical considerations. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study employs an extensive survey and interview-based research methodology to gather insights from diverse stakeholders. The survey quantifies current adoption rates, perceived benefits, and challenges associated with AI integration. Most of the population agrees that regulations are necessary to ensure responsible AI use. Interviews with experts further explore perspectives, highlighting AI's potential as a valuable tool for education and social institutions, generating skilled jobs, and enhancing social life. However, challenges such as the destruction of manual labour, the digital divide, and concerns about human attention spans and IQs are also noted. This initiative underscores moral, ethical, and legal concerns while examining the potential of AI and Machine Learning (ML) in genomics, biotechnology, and healthcare. Recommendations include increasing public awareness, establishing organizations, and prioritizing user privacy. The initiative aims to ensure that research is conducted ethically and practically, understanding AI applications, gathering insights, and analysing potential difficulties.
The final months of massive star evolution from the circumstellar environment around SN Ic 2020oi
Creators: name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Chandra, Poonam
name: Matsuoka, Tomoki
name: Ryder, Stuart
name: Moriya, Takashi J.
name: Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo
name: Lee, Shiu-Hang
name: Kundu, Esha
name: Patnaude, Daniel
name: Saito, Tomoki
name: Folatelli, Gaston
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of ALMA band 3 observations of a nearby type Ic supernova (SN) 2020oi. Under the standard assumptions on the SN-circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction and the synchrotron emission, the data indicate that the CSM structure deviates from a smooth distribution expected from the steady-state mass loss in the very vicinity of the SN (~10^{15} cm), which is then connected to the outer smooth distribution (~10^{16} cm). This structure is further confirmed through the light curve modeling of the whole radio data set as combined with data at lower frequency previously reported. Being an explosion of a bare carbon-oxygen (C+O) star having a fast wind, we can trace the mass-loss history of the progenitor of SN 2020oi in the final year. The inferred non-smooth CSM distribution corresponds to fluctuations on the sub-year time scale in the mass-loss history toward the SN explosion. Our finding suggests that the pre-SN activity is likely driven by the accelerated change in the nuclear burning stage in the last moments just before the massive star's demise. The structure of the CSM derived in this study is beyond the applicability of the other methods at optical wavelengths, highlighting an importance and uniqueness of quick follow-up observations of SNe by ALMA and other radio facilities.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Impurity spin textures across conventional and deconfined quantum critical points of two-dimensional antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Metlitski, Max A.
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the spin distribution in the vicinity of a non-magnetic impurity in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet undergoing a transition from a magnetically ordered Neel state to a paramagnet with a spin gap. The quantum critical ground state in a finite system has total spin S=1/2 (if the system without the impurity had an even number of S=1/2 spins), and recent numerical studies in a double layer antiferromagnet (K. H.Hoglund et al., cond-mat/0611418) have shown that the spin has a universal spatial form delocalized across the entire sample. We present the field theory describing the uniform and staggered magnetizations in this spin texture for two classes of antiferromagnets: (i) the transition from a Neel state to a paramagnet with local spin singlets, in models with an even number of S=1/2 spins per unit cell, which are described by a O(3) Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson field theory; and (ii) the transition from a Neel state to a valence bond solid, in antiferromagnets with a single S=1/2 spin per unit cell, which are described by a deconfined field theory of spinons.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures
Late universe dynamics with scale-independent linear couplings in the dark sector
Creators: name: Quercellini, Claudia
name: Bruni, Marco
name: Balbi, Amedeo
name: Pietrobon, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the dynamics of cosmological models with two coupled dark components with energy densities $ρ_A$ and $ρ_B$. We assume that the coupling is of the form $Q=Hq(ρ_A,ρ_B)$, so that the dynamics of the two components turns out to be scale independent, i.e. does not depend explicitly on the Hubble scalar $H$. With this assumption, we focus on the general linear coupling $q=q_o+q_Aρ_A+q_Bρ_B$, which may be seen as arising from any $q(ρ_A,ρ_B)$ at late time and leads in general to an effective cosmological constant. In the second part of the paper we consider observational constraints on the form of the coupling from SN Ia data, assuming that one of the components is cold dark matter. We find that the constant part of the coupling function is unconstrained by SN Ia data and, among typical linear coupling functions, the one proportional to the dark energy density $ρ_{A}$ is preferred in the strong coupling regime, $|q_{A}|>1$. While phantom models favor a positive coupling function, in non-phantom models, not only a negative coupling function is allowed, but the uncoupled sub-case falls at the border of the likelihood.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, considerable changes to the text
Accurate Extraction of Schottky Barrier Height and Universality of Fermi Level De-pinning of van der Waals Contacts
Creators: name: Murali, Krishna
name: Dandu, Medha
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Majumdar, Kausik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to Fermi level pinning (FLP), metal-semiconductor contact interfaces result in a Schottky barrier height (SBH), which is usually difficult to tune. This makes it challenging to efficiently inject both electrons and holes using the same metal - an essential requirement for several applications, including light-emitting devices and complementary logic. Interestingly, modulating the SBH in the Schottky-Mott limit of de-pinned van der Waals (vdW) contacts becomes possible. However, accurate extraction of the SBH is essential to exploit such contacts to their full potential. In this work, we propose a simple technique to accurately estimate the SBH at the vdW contact interfaces by circumventing several ambiguities associated with SBH extraction. Using this technique on several vdW contacts, including metallic 2H-TaSe$_2$, semi-metallic graphene, and degenerately doped semiconducting SnSe$_2$, we demonstrate that vdW contacts exhibit a universal de-pinned nature. Superior ambipolar carrier injection properties of vdW contacts are demonstrated (with Au contact as a reference) in two applications, namely, (a) pulsed electroluminescence from monolayer WS$_2$ using few-layer graphene (FLG) contact, and (b) efficient carrier injection to WS$_2$ and WSe$_2$ channels in both nFET and pFET modes using 2H-TaSe$_2$ contact.
Robust Quantum Error Correction via Convex Optimization
Creators: name: Kosut, R. L.
name: Shabani, A.
name: Lidar, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semidefinite program optimization approach to quantum error correction that yields codes and recovery procedures that are robust against significant variations in the noise channel. Our approach allows us to optimize the encoding, recovery, or both, and is amenable to approximations that significantly improve computational cost while retaining fidelity. We illustrate our theory numerically for optimized 5-qubit codes, using the standard [5,1,3] code as a benchmark. Our optimized encoding and recovery yields fidelities that are uniformly higher by 1-2 orders of magnitude against random unitary weight-2 errors compared to the [5,1,3] code with standard recovery. We observe similar improvement for a 4-qubit decoherence-free subspace code.
description: 4 pages, including 3 figures. v2: new examples
Generating stable spin squeezing by squeezed-reservoir engineering
Creators: name: Bai, Si-Yuan
name: An, Jun-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a genuine many-body entanglement, spin squeezing (SS) can be used to realize the highly precise measurement beyond the limit constrained by classical physics. Its generation has attracted much attention recently. It was reported that $N$ two-level systems (TLSs) located near a one-dimensional waveguide can generate a SS by using the mediation effect of the waveguide. However, a coherent driving on each TLS is used to stabilize the SS, which raises a high requirement for experiments. We here propose a scheme to generate stable SS resorting to neither the spin-spin coupling nor the coherent driving on the TLSs. Incorporating the mediation role of the common waveguide and the technique of squeezed-reservoir engineering, our scheme exhibits the advantages over previous ones in the scaling relation of the SS parameter with the number of the TLSs. The long-range correlation feature of the generated SS along the waveguide in our scheme may endow it with certain superiority in quantum sensing, e.g., improving the sensing efficiency of spatially unidentified weak magnetic fields.
Newtonian dynamics in the plane corresponding to straight and cyclic motions on the hyperelliptic curve $μ^2=ν^n-1, n\in{\Bbb Z}$: ergodicity, isochrony, periodicity and fractals
Creators: name: Grinevich, P. G.
name: Santini, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the complexification of the one-dimensional Newtonian particle in a monomial potential. We discuss two classes of motions on the associated Riemann surface: the rectilinear and the cyclic motions, corresponding to two different classes of real and autonomous Newtonian dynamics in the plane. The rectilinear motion has been studied in a number of papers, while the cyclic motion is much less understood. For small data, the cyclic time trajectories lead to isochronous dynamics. For bigger data the situation is quite complicated; computer experiments show that, for sufficiently small degree of the monomial, the motion is generically periodic with integer period, which depends in a quite sensitive way on the initial data. If the degree of the monomial is sufficiently high, computer experiments show essentially chaotic behaviour. We suggest a possible theoretical explanation of these different behaviours. We also introduce a one-parameter family of 2-dimensional mappings, describing the motion of the center of the circle, as a convenient representation of the cyclic dynamics; we call such mapping the center map. Computer experiments for the center map show a typical multi-fractal behaviour with periodicity islands. Therefore the above complexification procedure generates dynamics amenable to analytic treatment and possessing a high degree of complexity.
description: LaTex, 28 pages, 10 figures
A psychodynamics of value: developmental, multicultural, and psychotherapeutic implications
Creators: name: Neuhasler, Angela E.F.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This thesis presents a developmental and psychodynamic model of value that attempts to identify generic elements which are viewed as essentially transcultural. The central concept is that the self has the innate tendency to assign a value to its interaction with objects relative to their need-fulfilling function. That is, the self is first aware of the value of an object to itself; and secondarily becomes aware of the object in and of itself. This model rests on the assumption that the need for self-cohesion is fundamental and that the cathection of value can largely be seen as a function of meeting this need; particularly in early developmental stages. However, the value attached to objects may vary and this model distinguishes three generic forms of such value relativization: a) Developmental; b)Situational; and, c) Systemic-Institutionalized. This study discusses in detail how such relativization of value at all stages of development results in the experience of ambivalent tensions that can potentially threaten the sense of self-cohesion. It is suggested that this condition motivates the development of intrapsychic structure in three fundamental directions: a) The differentiation of ego functions; b) The development of superego structure; and, c) Defensive splitting of self and objects. The latter will tend to be emphasized where the self feels overwhelmed at the task of integrating a new and more complex awareness of the relativized objects of value. Thismodel is presented within a developmental framework which includes: a) The Preoedipal Stage; b) The Oedipal Stage; c) The Adolescent Stage; and, d) The Adult Stage. Finally, this study specifically considers the cross-cultural context as particularly relevant because it is in this context, this thesis maintains, that the psychodynamics of value are often most graphically observed.
Tomography of the Reionization Epoch with Multifrequency CMB Observations
Creators: name: Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos
name: Verde, Licia
name: Jimenez, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the constraints that future multifrequency Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments will be able to set on the metal enrichment history of the Inter Galactic Medium at the epoch of reionisation. We forecast the signal to noise ratio for the detection of the signal introduced in the CMB by resonant scattering off metals at the end of the Dark Ages. We take into account systematics associated to inter-channel calibration, PSF reconstruction errors and innacurate foreground removal. We develop an algorithm to optimally extract the signal generated by metals during reionisation and to remove accurately the contamination due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. Although demanding levels of foreground characterisation and control of systematics are required, they are very distinct from those encountered in HI-21cm studies and CMB polarization, and this fact encourages the study of resonant scattering off metals as an alternative way of conducting tomography of the reionisation epoch. An ACT-like experiment with optimistic assumtions on systematic effects, and looking at clean regions of the sky, can detect changes of 3%-12% (95% c.l.) of the OIII abundance (with respect its solar value) in the redshift range $z\in$ [12,22], for reionization redshift $z_{\rm re}>10$. However, for $z_{\rm re} <10$, it can only set upper limits on NII abundance increments of $\sim$ 60% its solar value in the redshift range $z\in$ [5.5,9], (95% c.l.). These constraints assume that inter-channel calibration is accurate down to one part in $10^{4}$, which constitutes the most critical technical requirement of this method, but still achievable with current technology.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal. Comments are welcome
Impacts of overlapping gravitational-wave signals on the parameter estimation: Toward the search for cosmological backgrounds
Creators: name: Himemoto, Yoshiaki
name: Nishizawa, Atsushi
name: Taruya, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Third-generation gravitational wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, will detect a bunch of gravitational-wave (GW) signals originating from the coalescence of binary neutron star (BNS) and binary black hole (BBH) systems out to the higher redshifts, $z\sim 5-10$. There is a potential concern that some of the GW signals detected at a high statistical significance eventually overlap with each other, and the parameter estimation of such an overlapping system can differ from the one expected from a single event. Also, there are certainly overlapping systems in which one of the overlapping events has a low signal-to-noise ratio $\lesssim 4$, and is thus unable to be clearly detected. Those system will potentially be misidentified with a single GW event, and the estimated parameters of binary GWs can be biased. We estimate the occurrence rate of those overlapping events. We find that the numbers of overlapping events are $\sim 200$ per day for BNSs and a few per hour for BBHs. Then we study the statistical impacts of these overlapping GWs on a parameter estimation based on the Fisher matrix analysis. Our finding is that the overlapping signals produce neither large statistical errors nor serious systematic biases on the parameters of binary systems, unless the coalescence time and the redshifted chirp masses of the two overlapping GWs are very close to each other, i.e., $|\mathcal{M}_{z1}-\mathcal{M}_{z2}|\lesssim10^{-4} \,(10^{-1})\,M_\odot$ and $|t_{\rm c1}-t_{\rm c2}|\lesssim10^{-2}\,(10^{-1})$\,s for BNSs (BBHs). The occurrence rate of such a closely overlapping event is shown to be much smaller than one per year with the third-generation detectors.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, presentation and several figures improved, updated to match version published in PRD
Disc-jet coupling in the Terzan 5 neutron star X-ray binary EXO 1745-248
Creators: name: Bahramian, Arash; Sivakoff, Gregory Robert; Tremou, Evangelia; Linares, Manuel; Tudor, Vlad; Miller-Jones, James. C. A.; Heinke, Craig O.; Chomiuk, Laura; Strader, Jay; Altamirano, Diego; Degenaar, Nathalie; Maccarone, Thomas J.; Patruno, A.; Sanna, Andrea; Wijnands, Rudy; Tetarenko, Alexandra Jean
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2016

Abstract
How rapidly do supermassive black hole "seeds" grow at early times?
Creators: name: Pelupessy, Federico I.
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physical conditions for the growth of intermediate mass seed black holes assumed to have formed from remnants of the first generation of massive stars. We follow the collapse of high-sigma halos with Tvir > 1e4 K using cosmological, smooth-particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations in the standard LCDM model. During collapse of the parent halo the seed holes are incorporated through mergers into larger systems and accrete mass from the surrounding gas. We include a self-consistent treatment of star formation, black hole accretion and associated feedback processes. Even under optimistic assumptions for the seed black hole mass and for efficient merger rates, we find that seed holes in halos M<1e10 Msun never reach the conditions for critical Eddington growth. Most of the black hole growth in this regime is determined by the initial mass and the merger rates. Critical accretion rates are reached, albeit only after a significant delay, at the time of collapse z~7) for 3-4 sigma halos of M~1e11 Msun. Our results imply M_BH = 5e6 Msun (M_halo/1e11 Msun)^0.78 at the time of collapse. The required conditions of Eddington growth to explain the build-up of supermassive black holes (~1e9 Msun), as implied by Sloan quasars at z>6, are therefore hard to meet in such a scenario. Without a 'jump-start' these conditions may be only achieved in extremely rare halos with M_halo > 1e13 Msun that collapsed before z~6. The sub-Eddington regime in which black holes holes accrete at early time implies a small contribution to the reionization by miniquasar but still sufficient to cause appreciable heating of the IGM at z<15-18.
description: 13 pages and figures, ApJ accepted
Identifying and harnessing dynamical phase transitions for quantum-enhanced sensing
Creators: name: Guan, Qingze
name: Lewis-Swan, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the quantum Fisher information (QFI) to diagnose a dynamical phase transition (DPT) in a closed quantum system, which is usually defined in terms of non-analytic behaviour of a time-averaged order parameter. Employing the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model as an illustrative example, we find that the DPT correlates with a peak in the QFI that can be explained by a generic connection to an underlying excited-state quantum phase transition that also enables us to also relate the scaling of the QFI with the behaviour of the order parameter. Motivated by the QFI as a quantifier of metrologically useful correlations and entanglement, we also present a robust interferometric protocol that can enable DPTs as a platform for quantum-enhanced sensing.
description: 3 Figures and 5 pages in the main text; 7 pages and 6 figures in the appendix
Quantum Control for Nanoscale Spectroscopy With Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers: A Short Review
Creators: name: Hernández-Gómez, Santiago
name: Fabbri, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diamond quantum technologies based on color centers have rapidly emerged in the most recent years. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center has attracted a particular interest, thanks to its outstanding spin properties and optical addressability. The NV center has been used to realize innovative multimode quantum-enhanced sensors that offer an unprecedented combination of high sensitivity and spatial resolution at room temperature. The technological progress and the widening of potential sensing applications have induced an increasing demand for performance advances of NV quantum sensors. Quantum control plays a key role in responding to this demand. This short review affords an overview on recent advances in quantum control-assisted quantum sensing and spectroscopy of magnetic fields.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Little Higgs model effects in $γγ\to γγ$
Creators: name: Choudhury, S. Rai
name: Cornell, A. S.
name: Gaur, Naveen
name: Goyal, Ashok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) are in excellent agreement with experiments there are still several theoretical problems associated with the Higgs sector of the SM, where it is widely believed that some ``{\it new physics}'' will take over at the TeV scale. One beyond the SM theory which resolves these problems is the Little Higgs (LH) model. In this work we have investigated the effects of the LH model on $\gggg$ scattering \cite{Choudhury:2006xa}.
description: Talk given at LCWS06, Bangalore, 4 pages (style files included)
Elicitation of vocabulary from the Hupa Language Dictionary
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Campbell, Amy
name: Newbold, Lindsey
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio files VP-120607-02 through VP-120607-06: Elicitation of vocabulary from the Hupa Language Dictionary. English headwords 'heal' to 'heaven' (VP-120607-02), 'heavy' to 'herbs' (VP-120607-03), 'herd' to 'hill' (VP-120607-04), 'hill' to 'hole' (VP-120607-05), and 'hollow' to 'huckleberries' (VP-120607-06).
Neutrino oscillation physics at an upgraded CNGS with large next generation liquid Argon TPC detectors
Creators: name: Meregaglia, A.
name: Rubbia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The determination of the missing $U_{e3}$ element (magnitude and phase) of the PMNS neutrino mixing matrix is possible via the detection of $\numu\to\nue$ oscillations at a baseline $L$ and energy $E$ given by the atmospheric observations, corresponding to a mass squared difference $E/L \sim Δm^2\simeq 2.5\times 10^{-3} eV^2$. While the current optimization of the CNGS beam provides limited sensitivity to this reaction, we discuss in this document the physics potential of an intensity upgraded and energy re-optimized CNGS neutrino beam coupled to an off-axis detector. We show that improvements in sensitivity to $θ_{13}$ compared to that of T2K and NoVA are possible with a next generation large liquid Argon TPC detector located at an off-axis position (position rather distant from LNGS, possibly at shallow depth). We also address the possibility to discover CP-violation and disentangle the mass hierarchy via matter effects. The considered intensity enhancement of the CERN SPS has strong synergies with the upgrade/replacement of the elements of its injector chain (Linac, PSB, PS) and the refurbishing of its own elements, envisioned for an optimal and/or upgraded LHC luminosity programme.
description: 37 pages, 20 figures
Personal, political, participatory: Zines as active learning and assessment
Creators: name: Terrell, Katharine
name: Pugh, Carole
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 390407
subject: Inclusive education
classificationCode: 390199
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 390402
subject: Education assessment and evaluation
classificationCode: 390409
subject: Learning sciences

description: This presentation was a contribution to the Active Learning Conference 2023, based on the personal reflections of the two authors about using zines in higher education teaching. Zines are informal, self-published booklets that have historically been created by marginalised groups to express their voices. These voices are both personal and political, covering topics as wide as race and racism; queer experiences; countercultural movements; music and feminism - but do they have a place in academia? We argue that - when used thoughtfully - zines can be valuable both as a pedagogical tool and as a form of assessment that can evaluate effectiveness of students' communication. This includes students thinking about their own personal and/or academic journeys in concise, non-linear and/or non-textual ways. However, there are also questions about the appropriateness of zines in (certain areas of) academia, as well as ensuring the process of creating zines is accessible and inclusive to all learners. Having covered some of these issues, this presentation invited the audience to create a page or outline of a zine either on paper or digitally, representing the "journey" of a module or teaching unit - no art skills needed! We then shared and discussed the issues that might arise in using zines in different subject areas.
A Realistic World from Intersecting D6-Branes
Creators: name: Chen, Ching-Ming
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Mayes, V. E.
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly describe a three-family intersecting D6-brane model in Type IIA theory on the T^6/(Z_2 x Z_2) orientifold with a realistic phenomenology. In this model, the gauge symmetry can be broken down to the Standard Model (SM) gauge symmetry close to the string scale, and the gauge coupling unification can be achieved. We calculate the supersymmetry breaking soft terms, and the corresponding low energy supersymmetric particle spectrum, which may be tested at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The observed dark matter density may also be generated. Finally, we can explain the SM quark masses and CKM mixings, and the tau lepton mass. The neutrino masses and mixings may be generated via the seesaw mechanism as well.
description: RevTex4, 4 pages, 4 tables
Kuyucu & Chown 2021 Journal of Insect Physiology ms
Creators: name: Chown, Steven
name: Kuyucu, Arda Cem
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60806 Animal Physiological Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Manuscript of: Kuyucu, A.C. & Chown, S.L. 2021 Time course of acclimation of critical thermal limits in two springtail species (Collembola). Journal of Insect Physiology 130, 104209.
Emergent AdS3 and BTZ Black Hole from Weakly Interacting Hot 2d CFT
Creators: name: Rey, Soo-Jong
name: Hikida, Yasuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate emergent holography of weakly coupled two-dimensional hyperKähler sigma model on cotangent bundle of (N-1)-dimensional complex projective space at zero and finite temperature. The sigma model is motivated by the spacetime conformal field theory dual to the near-horizon geometry of Q1 D1-brane bound to Q5 D5-brane wrapped on four-torus times circle, where N = Q1*Q5. The sigma model admits nontrivial instanton for all N greater than or equal to 2, which serves as a local probe of emergent holographic spacetime. We define emergent geometry of the spacetime as that of instanton moduli space via Hitchin's information metric. At zero temperature, we find that emergent geometry is AdS3. At finite temperature, time-periodic instanton is mappable to zero temperature instanton via conformal transformation. Utilizing the transformation, we show that emergent geometry is precisely that of the non-extremal, non-rotating BTZ black hole.
description: 12 pages, no figure, JHEP.cls; v2. typos corrected
Effective holographic models for QCD: Thermodynamics and viscosity coefficients
Creators: name: Ballon-Bayona, Alfonso
name: Mamani, Luis A. H.
name: Miranda, Alex S.
name: Zanchin, Vilson T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A finite temperature extension of the effective holographic models for QCD (EHQCD), proposed in Ref.[1], is investigated in the present work. EHQCD models are characterized by two parameters, the conformal dimension of the relevant operator that deforms the CFT and the associated coupling. We find that black hole solutions appear at temperatures higher than some temperature $T_{min}$ and can be categorized in two classes: large and small black holes. A large black hole is thermally stable and it is therefore interpreted as the gravity dual of a non-conformal plasma. A small black hole, on the other hand, is thermally unstable. We show that thermodynamic quantities such as the entropy density $s$, specific heat $C_V$, and speed of sound $c_s$ are sensitive to the model parameters. We investigate perturbations of the black hole solutions and calculate the viscosity coefficients of the corresponding dual non-conformal plasma. For the shear viscosity, we confirm that the ratio $η/s$ is given by the universal result $1/4π$. For the bulk viscosity, the ratio $ζ/s$ varies with the temperature, displaying a rapid growth close to $T_{min}$, and it is sensitive to the model parameters. We compare our results for the thermodynamic quantities with the lattice $SU(N_C)$ results and find that they are compatible as long as the coupling is fixed appropriately as a function of the conformal dimension. We also compare our results for the viscosity coefficients against the JETSCAPE results that are obtained from the analysis of experimental data on heavy ion collisions.
description: 39 pages, 13 figures , V3: Published in Physical Review D
Supersymmetry Breaking, R-Symmetry Breaking and Metastable Vacua
Creators: name: Intriligator, Kenneth
name: Seiberg, Nathan
name: Shih, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking generically have an R-symmetry, which is problematic for obtaining gaugino masses and avoiding light R-axions. The situation is improved in models of metastable supersymmetry breaking, which generically have only an approximate R-symmetry. Based on this we argue, with mild assumptions, that metastable supersymmetry breaking is inevitable. We also illustrate various general issues regarding spontaneous and explicit R-symmetry breaking, using simple toy models of supersymmetry breaking.
description: 23 pages
A mesoscopic field theory of ionic systems versus a collective variable approach
Creators: name: Patsahan, O.
name: Mryglod, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a link between the two functional approaches: a mesoscopic field theory developed recently by A.Ciach and G.Stell [A. Ciach and G. Stell, J. Mol. Liq. 87 (2000) 253] for the study of ionic models and an exact statistical field theory based on the method of collective variables.
description: 7 pages
Case studies of the bulimic experience
Creators: name: Gibson, Michelle Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Although reported cases of bulimia are continuing to increase, much about the cause, nature, and treatment of the disorder is still not known. This thesis sought to develop a detailed body of knowledge based on three case studies of the subjective experiences of bulimic women. Three self-selected women from the self-help group, Overeaters Anonymous, volunteered for the study. Participation was contingent upon the completion of a DSM-IIIR symptom checklist identifying substantive amounts of bulimic behavior. Each woman participated in a one-hour case history pre-interview; twelve, one-hour sessions; and a one-hour follow-up interview six weeks after sessions terminated. The twelve sessions were intended to provide a safe environment in which to explore the bulimic experience aided by the use of art therapy and guided imagery exercises where deemed appropriate by both counsellor and client. Four findings in the study validated existing phenomenological research. They were: fear of losing control leading to feelings of abandonment; the use of bulimia as a protective shield; a desire to purify; and global and food-specific shame and guilt. Nine themes extended findings from previous research. They were: a sense of Godlessness, self-doubt, feeling like a 'freak', opposing attitudes/desires on a single issue, self-pity, disenchantment with the perceived female role, exceptional concern for the perceived down-trodden, the memory of an unsafe childhood, and fear of intimacy. A final finding extended research through charting an overall pattern of experience of the bulimic woman's journey of healing. Participants reported positive benefits from the use of guided imagery in that they felt it enabled them to access previously inaccessible thoughts and feelings. These findings may be useful for both theoretical and practical application.
Deep radio imaging of 47 Tuc identifies the peculiar X-ray source X9 as a new black hole candidate
Creators: name: Miller-Jones, James C. A.; Strader, Jay; Heinke, Craig O.; Maccarone, Thomas J.; Van Den Berg, Maureen; Knigge, C.; Chomiuk, Laura; Noyola, Eva; Russell, Thomas D.; Seth, Anil C.; Sivakoff, Gregory Robert
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2015

Abstract