Inhibitory Control and Sleep Regularity
Creators: name: Nicholson, Laura
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: UNHEALTHY FOOD MARKETING, INHIBITORY CONTROL AND SLEEP Description of Study This is a pre-registration for secondary data analysis for a dissertation project. This project utilized data from (1) self-report questionnaire (2) a daily diary and (3) experimental design. Self-Report Questionnaire: The current study used data from a self-report questionnaire that asked about demographics, disordered eating, psychological symptoms, questions related to sleep and health. Data from the self-report questionnaire included a measure of disordered eating (EDE-Q) which was used to recruit for the experimental study (see below). Daily Diary: Participants who completed the self-report questionnaire were automatically enrolled in the daily dairy. The seven day daily dairy asked participants to report on their sleep patterns (e.g., bedtime, waketime, sleep duration) as well as other aspects of their mood and health behaviors (these data were not utilized in the current study). Participants were emailed the first daily diary at 8:00 PM on Monday with reminder emails sent at 11:00 PM each night if responses were not initiated or were incomplete. Participation in the current study occurred in waves over two academic years and during weeks that did not overlap with academic breaks (e.g., fall break, holidays) or academically rigorous periods (i.e., finals week) in an attempt to capture more “typical” weeks. Experiment: This project uses data from previously collected data from the “The Impact of Unhealthy Food Marketing on Inhibitory Control” (registered at https://osf.io/n6exh). 44 participants were invited to the experiment if they reported either high (&gt;75%) or low disordered eating (&lt;25%) on the EDE-Q. Each time the participant arrived to the experiment, they were asked to complete a brief questionnaire related to collecting adequate EEG data (EEG variables are not investigated in the current study). This brief questionnaire included a question on how much sleep the participant “typically” gets and how much sleep they received the night before the experiment (reported in number of hours and minutes). This variable was used in the current study (and described further below). Analytic Sample: The final analytic sample resulted in 39 participants for a repeated measures design. 5 were not included in the analytic sample due to incomplete data or study malfunction. Description of Variables Inhibition: (1) The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Color-Word Interference Task (D-KEFS CWIT; Delis, Kaplan, &amp; Kramer, 2001) will be used to test general inhibition. Two variables will be used in the current study including (a) response time on the inhibition subscale of the CWIT and (b) number of errors made on the inhibition subscale of the CWIT. (2) A computerized stop-signal task (SST) will be used to test food-specific inhibition. Please see the previously registered study for more information on how this task was designed and administered (https://osf.io/n6exh). Two variables will be used in the current study including (a) stop signal accuracy (SSA) defined as the number of errors made when presented with a stop signal (with more errors meaning more difficulties with inhibition) and (b) stop signal delay (SSD) defined as the amount of time between presentation of the stimulus and presentation of the stop signal (where a shorter delay indicating the participant was not as successful at inhibiting their responses). Sleep: (1) Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) which is defined as the percentage probability that sleep and awake periods are the same across days (see Phillips et al., 2017) (2) Deviation from "typical" sleep which was defined as the discrepancy between their self-reported “typical” sleep and their self-reported sleep duration the night before the experiment (reported via the questionnaire given prior to the experiment). Covariates: (1) The covariates for the study include (a) EDE-Q global score since this was used as part of recruitment (b) the time between the daily diary and the experiment (c) average sleep duration (reported via daily dairy) (d) the randomized condition of food or non-food (commercials) and (e) self-reported “typical” sleep duration reported during the experiment. Different analyses used a different set of covariates. Questions and Approach Question 1: Sleep Regularity Index and Inhibitory Control Analyses: Repeated measures ANCOVA (n = 4) to investigate associations between (1) SRI and CWIT completion time (2) SRI and CWIT total errors (3) SRI and SSA and (4) SRI and SSD. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that lower SRI (lower sleep regularity) will be significantly associated with longer CWIT completion time, more CWIT errors, and lower SSA, and shorter SSD (all indicating less inhibitory control). We do not anticipate this will vary based on condition (non-food advertisements, unhealthy food advertisements). Covariates: Covariates include EDE-Q, time between the daily diary and the experiment, and sleep duration. These analyses may also be run without some proposed covariates (if they are not significantly correlated with main study variables) to conserve power. Question 1: Deviations from “Typical” Sleep and Inhibitory Control Analyses: Hierarchical linear regressions (n = 4) to investigate associations between (1) deviations from “typical” sleep on CWIT completion time (2) deviations from “typical” sleep on CWIT total errors (3) deviations from “typical” sleep on SSA and (4) deviations from “typical” sleep on SSD. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that greater deviations from “typical” sleep (lower sleep regularity) at T1 will be significantly associated with longer CWIT completion time at T1, more CWIT errors at T1, and lower SSA at T1, and shorter SSD at T1 (all indicating less inhibitory control). Covariates: Covariates include EDE-Q, a dummy code of the randomized unhealthy food or non-food condition, and self-reported “typical” sleep. These analyses may also be run without some proposed covariates (if they are not significantly correlated with main study variables) to conserve power. Details of Data Source and History Is this data open or publicly available? No What entity originally collected this data? These data have been collected by researchers at Loyola University Chicago as part of an NSF funded project. Pre-Registrations related to this project: “The Impact of Unhealthy Food Marketing on Inhibitory Control” (registered at https://osf.io/n6exh) Prior work based on the dataset: Several graduate students (n = 3) and undergraduate students (n = 4) have used these datasets as part of their thesis or dissertation projects. Some of these projects have been published or are in preparation (n = 5). However, none of them have previously tested any of the specific hypotheses that are outlined here, or has knowledge of how the variables inter-relate. Accordingly, this effort is best described as “pre-registration prior to any researcher on this team handling or analyzing this specific combination of variables.”