cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Electron Tomography Reconstruction with Machine Learning
Creators: name: Millsaps, William
name: Schwartz, Jonathan
name: Di, Zichao Wendy
name: Jiang, Yi
name: Hovden, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern electron tomography has progressed to higher resolution at lower doses by leveraging compressed sensing methods that minimize total variation (TV). However, these sparsity-emphasized reconstruction algorithms introduce tunable parameters that greatly influence the reconstruction quality. Here, Pareto front analysis shows that high-quality tomograms are reproducibly achieved when TV minimization is heavily weighted. However, in excess, compressed sensing tomography creates overly smoothed 3D reconstructions. Adding momentum to the gradient descent during reconstruction reduces the risk of over-smoothing and better ensures that compressed sensing is well behaved. For simulated data, the tedious process of tomography parameter selection is efficiently solved using Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes. In combination, Bayesian optimization with momentum-based compressed sensing greatly reduces the required compute time$-$an 80% reduction was observed for the 3D reconstruction of SrTiO$_3$ nanocubes. Automated parameter selection is necessary for large scale tomographic simulations that enable the 3D characterization of a wider range of inorganic and biological materials.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Using KCWI to Explore the Chemical Inhomogeneities and Evolution of J1044+0353
Creators: name: Peng, Zixuan
name: Martin, Crystal L.
name: Thibodeaux, Pierre
name: Zhang, Jichen
name: Hu, Weida
name: Li, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: J1044+0353 is considered a local analog of the young galaxies that ionized the intergalactic medium at high-redshift due to its low mass, low metallicity, high specific star formation rate, and strong high-ionization emission lines. We use integral field spectroscopy to trace the propagation of the starburst across this small galaxy using Balmer emission- and absorption-line equivalent widths and find a post-starburst population (~ 15 - 20 Myr) roughly one kpc east of the much younger, compact starburst (~ 3 - 4 Myr). Using the direct electron temperature method to map the O/H abundance ratio, we find similar metallicity (1 to 3 sigma) between the starburst and post-starburst regions but with a significant dispersion of about 0.3 dex within the latter. We also map the Doppler shift and width of the strong emission lines. Over scales several times the size of the galaxy, we discover a velocity gradient parallel to the galaxy's minor axis. The steepest gradients (~ 30 $\mathrm{km \ s^{-1} \ kpc^{-1}}$) appear to emanate from the oldest stellar association. We identify the velocity gradient as an outflow viewed edge-on based on the increased line width and skew in a biconical region. We discuss how this outflow and the gas inflow necessary to trigger the starburst affect the chemical evolution of J1044+0353. We conclude that the stellar associations driving the galactic outflow are spatially offset from the youngest association, and a chemical evolution model with a metal-enriched wind requires a more realistic inflow rate than a homogeneous chemical evolution model.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Femtosecond x-ray diffraction from an aerosolized beam of protein nanocrystals
Creators: name: Awel, Salah
name: Kirian, Richard A.
name: Wiedorn, Max O.
name: Beyerlein, Kenneth R.
name: Roth, Nils
name: Horke, Daniel A.
name: Oberthür, Dominik
name: Knoska, Juraj
name: Mariani, Valerio
name: Morgan, Andrew
name: Adriano, Luigi
name: Tolstikova, Alexandra
name: Xavier, P. Lourdu
name: Yefanov, Oleksandr
name: Aquila, Andrew
name: Barty, Anton
name: Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi
name: Hunter, Mark S.
name: James, Daniel
name: Robinson, Joseph S.
name: Weierstall, Uwe
name: Rode, Andrei V.
name: Bajt, Saša
name: Küpper, Jochen
name: Chapman, Henry N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate near-atomic-resolution Bragg diffraction from aerosolized single granulovirus crystals using an x-ray free-electron laser. The form of the aerosol injector is nearly identical to conventional liquid-microjet nozzles, but the x-ray-scattering background is reduced by several orders of magnitude by the use of helium carrier gas rather than liquid. This approach provides a route to study the weak diffuse or lattice-transform signal arising from small crystals. The high speed of the particles is particularly well suited to upcoming MHz-repetition-rate x-ray free-electron lasers.
A Fresh Approach to Forecasting in Astroparticle Physics and Dark Matter Searches
Creators: name: Edwards, Thomas D. P.
name: Weniger, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a toolbox of new techniques and concepts for the efficient forecasting of experimental sensitivities. These are applicable to a large range of scenarios in (astro-)particle physics, and based on the Fisher information formalism. Fisher information provides an answer to the question what is the maximum extractable information from a given observation?. It is a common tool for the forecasting of experimental sensitivities in many branches of science, but rarely used in astroparticle physics or searches for particle dark matter. After briefly reviewing the Fisher information matrix of general Poisson likelihoods, we propose very compact expressions for estimating expected exclusion and discovery limits (equivalent counts method). We demonstrate by comparison with Monte Carlo results that they remain surprisingly accurate even deep in the Poisson regime. We show how correlated background systematics can be efficiently accounted for by a treatment based on Gaussian random fields. Finally, we introduce the novel concept of Fisher information flux. It can be thought of as a generalization of the commonly used signal-to-noise ratio, while accounting for the non-local properties and saturation effects of background and instrumental uncertainties. It is a powerful and flexible tool ready to be used as core concept for informed strategy development in astroparticle physics and searches for particle dark matter.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
$\overline{D3}$ Induced Geometric Inflation
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Linde, Andrei
name: Roest, Diederik
name: Yamada, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective supergravity inflationary models induced by anti-D3 brane interaction with the moduli fields in the bulk geometry have a geometric description. The Kähler function carries the complete geometric information on the theory. The non-vanishing bisectional curvature plays an important role in the construction. The new geometric formalism, with the nilpotent superfield representing the anti-D3 brane, allows a powerful generalization of the existing inflationary models based on supergravity. They can easily incorporate arbitrary values of the Hubble parameter, cosmological constant and gravitino mass. We illustrate it by providing generalized versions of polynomial chaotic inflation, T- and E-models of $α$-attractor type, disk merger. We also describe a multi-stage cosmological attractor regime, which we call cascade inflation.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, v2: typos corrected, v3: references added
Deep Metric Learning for the Hemodynamics Inference with Electrocardiogram Signals
Creators: name: Jeong, Hyewon
name: Stultz, Collin M.
name: Ghassemi, Marzyeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Heart failure is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide and has a significant impact on their quality of life and mortality rates. An objective assessment of cardiac pressures remains an important method for the diagnosis and treatment prognostication for patients with heart failure. Although cardiac catheterization is the gold standard for estimating central hemodynamic pressures, it is an invasive procedure that carries inherent risks, making it a potentially dangerous procedure for some patients. Approaches that leverage non-invasive signals - such as electrocardiogram (ECG) - have the promise to make the routine estimation of cardiac pressures feasible in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Prior models trained to estimate intracardiac pressures (e.g., mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP)) in a supervised fashion have shown good discriminatory ability but have been limited to the labeled dataset from the heart failure cohort. To address this issue and build a robust representation, we apply deep metric learning (DML) and propose a novel self-supervised DML with distance-based mining that improves the performance of a model with limited labels. We use a dataset that contains over 5.4 million ECGs without concomitant central pressure labels to pre-train a self-supervised DML model which showed improved classification of elevated mPCWP compared to self-supervised contrastive baselines. Additionally, the supervised DML model that uses ECGs with access to 8,172 mPCWP labels demonstrated significantly better performance on the mPCWP regression task compared to the supervised baseline. Moreover, our data suggest that DML yields models that are performant across patient subgroups, even when some patient subgroups are under-represented in the dataset. Our code is available at https://github.com/mandiehyewon/ssldml
Reduction of Nambu-Poisson manifolds by regular distributions
Creators: name: Das, Apurba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B63, 53C15, 53D17

description: The version of Marsden-Ratiu reduction theorem for Nambu-Poisson manifolds by a regular distribution has been studied by Ib$\acute{\text{a}}\tilde{\text{n}}$ez et al. In this paper we show that the reduction is always ensured unless the distribution is zero. Next we extend the more general Falceto-Zambon Poisson reduction theorem for Nambu-Poisson manifolds. Finally, we define gauge transformations of Nambu-Poisson structures and show that these transformations commute with the reduction procedure.
description: accepted version
Functional-preserving predictor-corrector multiderivative schemes
Creators: name: Ranocha, Hendrik
name: Schütz, Jochen
name: Theodosiou, Eleni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we develop a class of high-order multiderivative time integration methods that is able to preserve certain functionals discretely. Important ingredients are the recently developed Hermite-Birkhoff-Predictor-Corrector methods and the technique of relaxation for numerical methods of ODEs. We explain the algorithm in detail and show numerical results for two- and three-derivative methods, comparing relaxed and unrelaxed methods. The numerical results demonstrate that, at the slight cost of the relaxation, an improved scheme is obtained.
description: Submitted to the Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanic (GAMM Annual Meeting 2023)
Are merging black holes born from stellar collapse or previous mergers?
Creators: name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced LIGO detectors at Hanford and Livingston made two confirmed and one marginal detection of binary black holes during their first observing run. The first event, GW150914, was from the merger of two black holes much heavier that those whose masses have been estimated so far, indicating a formation scenario that might differ from "ordinary" stellar evolution. One possibility is that these heavy black holes resulted from a previous merger. When the progenitors of a black hole binary merger result from previous mergers, they should (on average) merge later, be more massive, and have spin magnitudes clustered around a dimensionless spin ~0.7. Here we ask the following question: can gravitational-wave observations determine whether merging black holes were born from the collapse of massive stars ("first generation"), rather than being the end product of earlier mergers ("second generation")? We construct simple, observationally motivated populations of black hole binaries, and we use Bayesian model selection to show that measurements of the masses, luminosity distance (or redshift), and "effective spin" of black hole binaries can indeed distinguish between these different formation scenarios.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in PRD. Selected as PRD Editors' Suggestion
Mechanisms of near-surface structural evolution in nanocrystalline materials during sliding contact
Creators: name: Pan, Zhiliang
name: Rupert, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wear-driven structural evolution of nanocrystalline Cu was simulated with molecular dynamics under constant normal loads, followed by a quantitative analysis. While the microstructure far away from the sliding contact remains unchanged, grain growth accompanied by partial dislocations and twin formation was observed near the contact surface, with more rapid coarsening promoted by higher applied normal loads. The structural evolution continues with increasing number of sliding cycles and eventually saturates to a stable distinct layer of coarsened grains, separated from the finer matrix by a steep gradient in grain size. The coarsening process is balanced by the rate of material removal when the normal load is high enough. The observed structural evolution leads to an increase in hardness and decrease in friction coefficient, which also saturate after a number of sliding cycles. This work provides important mechanistic understanding of nanocrystalline wear, while also introducing a methodology for atomistic simulations of cyclic wear damage under constant applied normal loads.
description: 16 figures
The hydrogen atom according to wave mechanics, parts I, II, III, IV, V
Creators: name: Ogilvie, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an exposition of the underlying physics and applied mathematics in arXiv:1603.00899, this paper in five separate parts presents a description of the properties of the amplitude functions of the hydrogen atom according to wave mechanics in the coordinate representation in all four systems of coordinates in which Schroedinger's equations are separable, explicitly I spherical polar coordinates, II paraboloidal coordinates, III ellipsoidal coordinates and IV spheroconical coordinates; part V discusses the implications of these multiple systems in which these atomic orbitals can be directly calculated. Most published plots of orbitals are inaccurate. In particular, parts I - IV contain many accurate plots of the surfaces of amplitude functions in the various systems with a common criterion for the amplitude at which the surface is constructed. Although the plots are generated from amplitude functions in the specified systems of coordinates, the plots are translated to cartesian coordinates that the eye can recognise. The surfaces of the amplitude functions in ellipsoidal and spheroconical functions are previously unreported, with the accurate surfaces in spherical polar and paraboloidal coordinates for a direct comparison.
description: Part I (spherical polar coordinates) contains 16 figures within 33 pages; part II (paraboloidal coordinates), 8 figures within 19 pages; part III (ellipsoidal coordinates), 8 figures, most of which have a few parts, in 28 pages; part IV (spheroconical coordinates), 12 figures within 24 pages; part V contains two tables but no figures within 21 pages
A novel radio imaging method for physical spectral index modelling
Creators: name: Ceccotti, E.
name: Offringa, A. R.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: Timmerman, R.
name: Brackenhoff, S. A.
name: Gehlot, B. K.
name: Mertens, F. G.
name: Munshi, S.
name: Pandey, V. N.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Yatawatta, S.
name: Zaroubi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method, called "forced-spectrum fitting", for physically-based spectral modelling of radio sources during deconvolution. This improves upon current common deconvolution fitting methods, which often produce inaccurate spectra. Our method uses any pre-existing spectral index map to assign spectral indices to each model component cleaned during the multi-frequency deconvolution of WSClean, where the pre-determined spectrum is fitted. The component magnitude is evaluated by performing a modified weighted linear least-squares fit. We test this method on a simulated LOFAR-HBA observation of the 3C196 QSO and a real LOFAR-HBA observation of the 4C+55.16 FRI galaxy. We compare the results from the forced-spectrum fitting with traditional joined-channel deconvolution using polynomial fitting. Because no prior spectral information was available for 4C+55.16, we demonstrate a method for extracting spectral indices in the observed frequency band using "clustering". The models generated by the forced-spectrum fitting are used to improve the calibration of the datasets. The final residuals are comparable to existing multi-frequency deconvolution methods, but the output model agrees with the provided spectral index map, embedding correct spectral information. While forced-spectrum fitting does not solve the determination of the spectral information itself, it enables the construction of accurate multi-frequency models that can be used for wide-band calibration and subtraction.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The agency of melting glaciers
Creators: name: Dannevig, Halvor
name: Rusdal, Tone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: glacier tourism
relational ontologies
human geography

description: Perennial snow and ice will gradually disappear from many regions in the arctic and sub-artic parts of Scandinavia. Glaciers and perennial snow fields are important landscape features and venues for tourism activities and mountaineering, have importance for place identity and hold symbolic and cultural significance for nearby communities. In this paper we present findings from a study into how guides, tourists and other local tourism actors perceive climate and environmental change and impacts on local communities and the tourism industry. Melting glaciers has become one of strongest symbols of global climate change, instigating last chance tourism as well as rallying cries for climate action from activists. In this sense does retreating glaciers act as charismatic entities, appealing to the publics feelings and imaginations. The melting cryosphere is also subjects for scientific enquiry, providing the very knowledge that are needed to establish it’s rate of decline and interlinkages and feedbacks with other natural and human systems. Climate change is a phenomenon that is notoriously hard to connect with emotionally for most people, as it is based on highly abstract models of reality that disconnects with most peoples own experiences and perceptions. Melting glaciers can thus serve as boundary object by the properties they have as charismatic entities, that allows tour guides or activists to raise awareness about climatic and environmental change or push for climate action. The glaciers serve to reconcile different knowledge systems, allowing for co-existence of emotions, imaginaries and scientific rationality. By interviews, workshops and surveys in local communities surround two of the major ice caps in Norway – Jostedalsbreen and Folgefonna, and in Svalbard in the high Arctic, we find that the immediate consequences of the disappearing snow and ice is manageable. Tourism actors have a high adaptive capacity, and tourists indicate that they would still visit the glacier-destinations. But these findings can overshadow more subtle impacts of the melting ice. By drawing on theories both from human geography and science technology studies, we show how the melting glaciers is performing non-human agency by inspiring guides and other tourist professionals to influence tourists’ awareness and concern about climate change and sustainability.
Retailer-driven value chains in the agri-food sector: An analysis of French firms
Creators: name: Agbekponou, Kossi Messanh
name: Cheptea, Angela
name: Latouche, Karine
name: Agbekponou, Kossi Messanh
name: Cheptea, Angela
name: Latouche, Karine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: global value chains
subject: retailers
subject: private standards

description: The present paper investigates the link between the decision of French agri-food firms to supply retailers with private-label (PL) products and their integration in global value chains (GVCs). In line with the recent literature, we identify firms that participate to GVCs by the ones that engage simultaneously in import and export activities. We consider the certification with the private International Featured Standard (IFS), required by all retailers operating in France, as an indicator of firms’ choice to become private label suppliers. We combine firm-level data from the AMADEUS database and French customs over the 2006-2011 period, and estimate the linkage betweens firms’ decision to engage in foreign trade and to integrate a retailer-driven value chain using a multivariate binary choice model. Results confirm a strong positive correlation of these decisions, and show that retailers’ PL suppliers (i.e. IFS-certified firms) are by 5.83 percentage points more likely to integrate GVCs (i.e. to jointly import and export) than other firms in the agri-food sector. This figure corresponds to an almost twofold increase in firms’ probability to participate to GVCs observed in the sector. We also show that the integration in GVCs is primarily driven by the higher probability to export of these firms. Our findings are robust to the control for endgeneity and the use of alternative estimation techniques.
Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) Contributor Training Companion Manual
Creators: name: Dorris, Emma
name: Kroll, Thilo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Public participation and community engagement
Stakeholder engagement
Education systems not elsewhere classified

description: This document is designed to act as a reference manual to support introductory public and patient involvement (PPI) in academic research training. The training is designed for PPI contributors*.
 The training and manual covers four core topics: 1. What is PPI 2. Demystifying academic research 3. PPI throughout the research process 4. Setting expectations for PPI in research

 *We use PPI contributors all an all-encompassing term for people for whom the research affects, who are not professional researchers or corporate stakeholders. PPI contributors may include individuals living with experience of a specific social or health condition or impairment, patients, carers, patient organisations, disabled person organisations, or community- based organisations.
MH370 Burst Frequency Offset Analysis and Implications on Descent Rate at End-of-Flight
Creators: name: Holland, Ian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Malaysian Airlines flight MH370 veered off course unexpectedly during a scheduled trip from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing on the 7th of March 2014. MH370 was tracked via military radar into the Malacca Straits and, after disappearing from radar, was subsequently believed to have turned south towards the southern Indian Ocean before crashing approximately 6 hours later. This article discusses specifically the analysis of burst frequency offset (BFO) metadata from the SATCOM messages. It is shown that the BFOs corresponding to the last two SATCOM messages from the plane at 00:19:29Z and 00:19:37Z 8th March 2014 suggest that flight MH370 was rapidly descending and accelerating downwards when message exchange with the ground station ceased.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE AES Magazine
The novel of exteriority: form, privacy, and nation in nineteenth-century Britain
Creators: name: Romanow, Jacob Alex
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation theorizes a nineteenth-century cultural logic of exteriority developed through innovations in literary form. Exteriority enabled a wide range of writers to reimagine certain forms of ignorance as morally, strategically, or politically beneficial; to envision privacy as a set of social practices rather than an ontological state; and to center the unknowability of other minds in their aesthetic and ethical principles and political strategies. I identify less-celebrated but pervasive techniques of realist fiction—the view of characters from the “outside” (as opposed to direct portrayals of consciousness), an ironical and intrusive mode of narration, plots that emphasize geographic mobility and episodic interaction as opposed to individual development—as theoretically significant elements that together comprise exteriority as a narrative phenomenon. Complicating received narratives about Victorian efforts to portray interiority through fiction, I show that literary exteriority worked to preserve, rather than display, characters’ private lives, and to dissever the ideal of privacy from the valorization of the psychological as the basis of selfhood. This set of literary values in turn came to undergird an array of surprising, widespread cultural suppositions: that social opacity could reflect depth of character; that surveillance could help preserve privacy; that not understanding the culture of the colonies could help Britain more effectively rule them. In four chapters about historically-linked authors—Lord Byron, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, and Emily Brontë; W.M. Thackeray and Charlotte Brontë; Anthony Trollope and Margaret Oliphant; and Jules Verne and Rudyard Kipling—I call into question the standard alignment of realism with psychology, counter longstanding assumptions about empire as a fantasy of omniscience, and show how literary practices underpinned shifts in culture and policy. Although Victorian culture is conventionally understood as a locus of total knowledge projects, from biological classification to depth psychology to imperial expansion, my research uncovers a rich, influential alternative paradigm. Literary form taught the Victorians to make power out of not knowing.
Constraints on charged Symmergent black hole from shadow and lensing
Creators: name: Puliçe, Beyhan
name: Pantig, Reggie C.
name: Övgün, Ali
name: Demir, Durmuş
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we report on exact charged black hole solutions in symmergent gravity with Maxwell field. Symmergent gravity induces the gravitational constant $G$, quadratic curvature coefficient $c_{\rm O}$, and the vacuum energy $V_{\rm O}$ from the flat spacetime matter loops. In the limit in which all fields are degenerate in mass, the vacuum energy $V_{\rm O}$ can be expressed in terms of $G$ and $c_{\rm O}$. We parametrize deviation from this limit by a parameter ${\hat α}$ such that the black hole spacetime is dS for ${\hat α} < 1$ and AdS for ${\hat α} > 1$. In our analysis, we study horizon formation, shadow cast and gravitational lensing as functions of the black hole charge, and find that there is an upper bound on the charge. At relatively low values of charge, applicable to astronomical black holes, we determine constraints on $c_{\rm O}$ and ${\hat α}$ using the EHT data from Sgr. A* and M87*. We apply these constraints to reveal how the shadow radius behaves as the observer distance $r_O$ varies. It is revealed that black hole charge directly influences the shadow silhouette, but the symmergent parameters have a tenuous effect. We also explored the weak field regime by using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to study the weak deflection angle caused by the M87* black hole. We have found that impact parameters comparable to the actual distance $D = 16.8$ Mpc show the potential detectability of such an angle through advanced astronomical telescopes. Overall, our results provide new insights into the behavior of charged black holes in the context of symmergent gravity and offer a new way to test these theories against observational data.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity, "Special Issue: Focus on Quantum Gravity Phenomenology in the Multi-Messenger Era: Challenges and Perspectives"
Light Bending in the Infinite Derivative Theories of Gravity
Creators: name: Feng, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light bending is one of the significant predictions of general relativity (GR) and it has been confirmed with great accuracy during the last one hundred years. In this paper, we semiclassically calculate the deflection angle for the photons that just grazing the Sun in the infinite derivative theories of gravity (IDG) which is a ghost and singularity free theory of gravity. From our calculations, we find that the deflection angle $θ$ only depends on $Λ/E$. $θ\rightarrow θ_E$ when $Λ/E \rightarrow \infty$ and decrease to zero when $Λ/E \rightarrow 0$. The transition interval occurs at $10^{4}< E/Λ< 10^{7}$. It should be pointed out that this model can be tested by the Chandra X-ray Observatory if $0.01 eV < Λ< 0.1 eV$.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Conductivity and Shear Viscosity of $arcsin$-Yang-Mills AdS Black Brane
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Mehdi
name: Khansari, S. M. Moosavi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a non-abelian $arcsin$-Yang-Mills AdS black brane solution is introduced. Then, the color non-abelian direct current (DC) conductivity and shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of this model is calculated using fluid-gravity duality. Our results show that the Kovtun, Son and Starinets (KSS) bound is saturated and is exactly equal to $\frac{1}{4 π}$ but the color conductivity bound is violated for this model. Also, our outcomes recover the Yang-Mills AdS black brane when the coupling of Yang-Mills and gravity fields approaches zero.
description: 9 Pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in INJP
Beating the Classical Limits of Information Transmission using a Quantum Decoder
Creators: name: Chapman, Robert J.
name: Karim, Akib
name: Huang, Zixin
name: Flammia, Steven T.
name: Tomamichel, Marco
name: Peruzzo, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Encoding schemes and error-correcting codes are widely used in information technology to improve the reliability of data transmission over real-world communication channels. Quantum information protocols can further enhance the performance in data transmission by encoding a message in quantum states, however, most proposals to date have focused on the regime of a large number of uses of the noisy channel, which is unfeasible with current quantum technology. We experimentally demonstrate quantum enhanced communication over an amplitude damping noisy channel with only two uses of the channel per bit and a single entangling gate at the decoder. By simulating the channel using a photonic interferometric setup, we experimentally increase the reliability of transmitting a data bit by greater than 20% for a certain damping range over classically sending the message twice. We show how our methodology can be extended to larger systems by simulating the transmission of a single bit with up to eight uses of the channel and a two-bit message with three uses of the channel, predicting a quantum enhancement in all cases.
Constructive mathematics
Creators: name: Apéry, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03A05, 03F65

description: This text is reproduced with the kind permission of François Apéry. It was originally edited by François Guénard and Gilbert Lelièvre for the book "Penser les mathématiques". It is the modified and abridged version of a text that appeared previously as Séminaire de philosophie et mathématiques de l'École normale supérieure (séance du 26 avril 1976), Paris, IREM Paris-Nord, 1980, 15 pp., http://www.numdam.org/item?id=SPHM_1976___1_A1_0, as well as in Langage et pensée mathématiques: actes du colloque international (Luxembourg, 9-11 juin 1976), Luxembourg, Centre universitaire de Luxembourg, 1976, pp. 391--410. In its introduction, Apéry writes: "In default of convincing, this text can set the record straight: we show that the constructive conception does not mutilate, on the contrary, it enriches classical mathematics."
description: in French
Smoothing the redshift distributions of random samples for the baryon acoustic oscillations : applications to the SDSS-III BOSS DR12 and QPM mock samples
Creators: name: Wang, Shao-Jiang
name: Guo, Qi
name: Cai, Rong-Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of different redshift distributions of random samples on the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements of $D_V(z)r_\mathrm{d}^\mathrm{fid}/r_\mathrm{d}$ from the two-point correlation functions (2PCF) of galaxies in the Data Release 12 (DR12) of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). Big surveys, such as BOSS, usually assign redshifts to the random samples by randomly drawing values from the measured redshift distributions of the data, which would necessarily introduce fiducial signals of fluctuations into the random samples, weakening the signals of BAO, if the cosmic variance cannot be ignored. We propose a smooth function of redshift distribution that fits the data well to populate the random galaxy samples. The resulting cosmological parameters match the input parameters of the mock catalogue very well. The significance of BAO signals has been improved by $0.33σ$ for a low-redshift (LOWZ) sample and by $0.03σ$ for a constant-stellar-mass (CMASS) sample, though the absolute values do not change significantly. Given the precision of the measurements of current cosmological parameters, it would be appreciated for the future improvements on the measurements of galaxy clustering.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 2 columns, final version to match the published version
A Covariant Version of Verlinde's Emergent Gravity
Creators: name: Hossenfelder, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generally covariant version of Erik Verlinde's emergent gravity model is proposed. The Lagrangian constructed here allows an improved interpretation of the underlying mechanism. It suggests that de-Sitter space is filled with a vector-field that couples to baryonic matter and, by dragging on it, creates an effect similar to dark matter. We solve the covariant equation of motion in the background of a Schwarzschild space-time and obtain correction terms to the non-covariant expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the vector field can also mimic dark energy.
description: correction and reference added. 15 pages, no figures
Anomalous Nernst and Righi-Leduc effects in Mn$_{3}$Sn: Berry curvature and entropy flow
Creators: name: Li, Xiaokang
name: Xu, Liangcai
name: Ding, Linchao
name: Wang, Jinhua
name: Shen, Mingsong
name: Lu, Xiufang
name: Zhu, Zengwei
name: Behnia, Kamran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of electric, thermal and thermoelectric response in noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn$_{3}$Sn, which hosts a large Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE). Berry curvature generates off-diagonal thermal(Righi-Leduc) and thermoelectric(Nernst) signals, which are detectable at room temperature and invertible with a small magnetic field. The thermal and electrical Hall conductivities respect the Wiedemann-Franz law, implying that the transverse currents induced by Berry curvature are carried by Fermi surface quasi-particles. In contrast to conventional ferromagnets, the anomalous Lorenz number remains close to the Sommerfeld number over the whole temperature range of study, excluding any contribution by inelastic scattering and pointing to Berry curvature as the unique source of AHE. The anomalous off-diagonal thermo-electric and Hall conductivities are strongly temperature-dependent and their ratio is close to k$_{B}$/e.
description: main text (5 pages, 4 figures) includes supplement, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Noise Effects on Entanglement Distribution by Separable State
Creators: name: Bordbar, Najmeh Tabe
name: Memarzadeh, Laleh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate noise effects on the performance of entanglement distribution by separable state. We consider a realistic situation in which the mediating particle between two distant nodes of the network goes through a noisy channel. For a large class of noise models we show that the average value of distributed entanglement between two parties is equal to entanglement between particular bipartite partitions of target qubits and exchange qubit in intermediate steps of the protocol. This result is valid for distributing two qubit/qudit and three qubit entangled states. In explicit examples of the noise family, we show that there exists a critical value of noise parameter beyond which distribution of distillable entanglement is not possible. Furthermore, we determine how this critical value increases in terms of Hilbert space dimension, when distributing $d$-dimensional Bell states.
Translationally symmetric extended MHD via Hamiltonian reduction: Energy-Casimir equilibria
Creators: name: Kaltsas, D. A.
name: Throumoulopoulos, G. N.
name: Morrison, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian structure of ideal translationally symmetric extended MHD (XMHD) is obtained by employing a method of Hamiltonian reduction on the three-dimensional noncanonical Poisson bracket of XMHD. The existence of the continuous spatial translation symmetry allows the introduction of Clebsch-like forms for the magnetic and velocity fields. Upon employing the chain rule for functional derivatives, the 3D Poisson bracket is reduced to its symmetric counterpart. The sets of symmetric Hall, Inertial, and extended MHD Casimir invariants are identified, and used to obtain energy-Casimir variational principles for generalized XMHD equilibrium equations with arbitrary macroscopic flows. The obtained set of generalized equations is cast into Grad-Shafranov-Bernoulli (GSB) type, and special cases are investigated: static plasmas, equilibria with longitudinal flows only, and Hall MHD equilibria, where the electron inertia is neglected. The barotropic Hall MHD equilibrium equations are derived as a limiting case of the XMHD GSB system, and a numerically computed equilibrium configuration is presented that shows the separation of ion-flow from electromagnetic surfaces.
An solvable three-body model in finite volume
Creators: name: Guo, Peng
name: Gasparian, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, based on consideration of periodicity and asymptotic forms of wave function, we propose a novel approach to the solution of finite volume three-body problem by mapping a three-body problem into a higher dimensional two-body problem. The idea is demonstrated by an example of two light spinless particles and one heavy particle scattering in one spatial dimension. This 1D three-body problem resembles a two-body problem in two spatial dimensions mathematically, and quantization condition of 1D three-body problem is thus derived accordingly.
description: To appear in P.L.B
Fitting for the energy levels of hydrogen
Creators: name: Jacobs, David M.
name: Horbatsch, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic hydrogen energy levels calculated to high precision are required to assist experimental researchers working on spectroscopy in the pursuit of testing quantum electrodynamics (QED) and probing for physics beyond the Standard Model. There are two important parts to the problem of computing these levels: an accurate evaluation of contributions from QED and using an accurate value for the proton charge radius as an input. Recent progress on QED corrections to the fine structure, as well as increasing evidence that a proton charge radius in the range of 0.84 fm is favored over the previously adopted larger value in the 0.88 fm range, has advanced the field, yet several state-of-the-art measurements remain in contradiction with this smaller value. Motivated by on-going and future work in this area, we present here a simple parameterization for the energy levels of hydrogen at the level of hyperfine structure using the so-called relativistic Ritz approach. The fitting of a finite sample of QED-generated levels at low to intermediate principal quantum number, $n$, gives a generally applicable formula for \emph{all} values of $n$ for each distinct angular momentum channel, given in this work up to orbital angular momentum number $\ell=30$. We also provide a simple linear parameterization for the shift in hydrogen energy levels as a function of the proton radius, providing a useful cross check for extant and future measured energy intervals.
description: 6 pages of main text, 3 figures. Accepted by J. Phys. B
Preserving Differential Privacy Between Features in Distributed Estimation
Creators: name: Heinze-Deml, Christina
name: McWilliams, Brian
name: Meinshausen, Nicolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Privacy is crucial in many applications of machine learning. Legal, ethical and societal issues restrict the sharing of sensitive data making it difficult to learn from datasets that are partitioned between many parties. One important instance of such a distributed setting arises when information about each record in the dataset is held by different data owners (the design matrix is "vertically-partitioned"). In this setting few approaches exist for private data sharing for the purposes of statistical estimation and the classical setup of differential privacy with a "trusted curator" preparing the data does not apply. We work with the notion of $(ε,δ)$-distributed differential privacy which extends single-party differential privacy to the distributed, vertically-partitioned case. We propose PriDE, a scalable framework for distributed estimation where each party communicates perturbed random projections of their locally held features ensuring $(ε,δ)$-distributed differential privacy is preserved. For $\ell_2$-penalized supervised learning problems PriDE has bounded estimation error compared with the optimal estimates obtained without privacy constraints in the non-distributed setting. We confirm this empirically on real world and synthetic datasets.
CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations -- I. Constraining physical processes in local star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Busillo, Valerio
name: Tortora, Crescenzo
name: Napolitano, Nicola R.
name: Koopmans, Leon V. E.
name: Covone, Giovanni
name: Gentile, Fabrizio
name: Hunt, Leslie K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the structural properties and dark matter content of star-forming galaxies taken from the CAMELS cosmological simulations to the observed trends derived from the SPARC sample in the stellar mass range $[10^{9}, 10^{11}]\,\textrm{M}_{\odot}$, to provide constraints on the value of cosmological and astrophysical (SN- and AGN-related) parameters. We consider the size-, internal DM fraction-, internal DM mass- and total-stellar mass relations for all the 1065 simulations from the IllustrisTNG, SIMBA and ASTRID suites of CAMELS, and search for the parameters that minimize the $χ^{2}$ with respect to the observations. For the IllustrisTNG suite, we find the following constraints for the cosmological parameters: $Ω_{\textrm{m}} = 0.27_{-0.05}^{+0.01}$, $σ_{8} = 0.83_{-0.11}^{+0.08}$ and $S_{8} = 0.78_{-0.09}^{+0.03}$, which are consistent within $1σ$ with the results from the nine-year WMAP observations. SN feedback-related astrophysical parameters, which describe the departure of outflow wind energy per unit star formation rate and wind velocity from the reference IllustrisTNG simulations, assume the following values: $A_{\textrm{SN1}} = 0.48_{-0.16}^{+0.25}$ and $A_{\textrm{SN2}} = 1.21_{-0.34}^{+0.03}$, respectively. Therefore, simulations with a lower value of outflow wind energy per unit star formation rate with respect to the reference illustrisTNG simulation better reproduce the observations. Simulations based on SIMBA and ASTRID suites predict central dark matter masses substantially larger than those observed in real galaxies, which can be reconciled with observations only by requiring values of $Ω_{\textrm{m}}$ inconsistent with cosmological constraints for SIMBA, or simulations characterized by unrealistic galaxy mass distributions for ASTRID.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, 9 tables. Accepted by MNRAS for publication; Added a reference to sec. 4.1