Pilielmis baniwa Pinedo-Garcia & Polizei & Hamada & Nascimento 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Pinedo-Garcia, Raul Bismarck
name: Polizei, Thiago Tadeu Silva
name: Hamada, Neusa
name: Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Pilielmis
Pilielmis baniwa

description: Pilielmis baniwa sp. nov.   
(Figs 1, 31–33)  
 Diagnosis. Body subparallel; general coloration: head and elytra black, pronotum, mouthparts, elytral marks and legs yellowish; antennae bicolor, antennomeres I–IV brownish, antennomeres V–XI black; pronotum with a pair of black marks on the posterior half; elytra with yellowish marks (a pair approximately on the middle of the elytra and a mark at the apex along the elytral suture); metathoracic wings present. Male with phallobase 2x longer than wide; parameres reaching approximately 3/4 the length of the penis, lateral margins without crenulations; penis 4x longer than wide; basolateral process 3x longer than wide.   
 Description. Male. Length = 1.73 mm; width = 0.71 mm (n = 1). Body subparallel (Fig. 31A); general coloration: head and elytra black, pronotum, mouthparts, elytral marks and legs yellowish.   
 Head. Antennae bicolor, antennomeres I–IV brownish, antennomeres V–XI black (Fig. 31D). Labrum (Fig. 32A) subrectangular, 2x wider than long; lateral margins rounded; anterolateral margins with long setae; dorsal surface with short, sparse setae. Mandibles (Fig. 32C, D): lateral lobe rounded, slightly projected; posterolateral angle slightly rounded; condyle rounded, 2x wider than long. Maxilla (Fig. 32B): cardo subtriangular; stipe subrectangular; palpus with palpomere IV suboval, longer than the basal ones combined, apex rounded; galea with elongated apical section, 3x longer than the basal one, lateral margin straight, apex rounded; lacinia subrectangular, 2x longer than wide, with long setae on inner lateral margin. Labium (Fig. 32E): postmentum subtriangular, 3x wider than long, lateral margins slightly sinuous; prementum subtriangular, 3x wider than long, base and apex convex; ligula subrectangular, 3.5x wider than long, anterolateral region laterally projected, surface with setae and spines; labial palpomere III with rounded apex.   
 Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 31A) wider (0.57 mm) than long (0.47 mm); lateral margins sinuous, with crenulations; anterolateral angles rounded; posterolateral angles acute; surface of the pronotal disc covered by short, golden setae; with a pair of black marks on posterior half; with a pair of sinuous, weakly raised sublateral carinae; longitudinal impression on the disc deep. Elytra (Fig. 31A) subparallel, 2.3x longer than wide (length = 1.63 mm; maximum width = 0.71 mm); apex rounded; with yellowish marks (a pair approximately on the middle of the elytra and a mark at the apex along the elytral suture). Scutellum cordiform (Fig. 31A). Metathoracic wings present (Fig. 33D). Hypomeron 4x longer than wide; anterior margin sharp; posterior margin truncated. Prosternum (Fig. 31B) slightly wider than long. Prosternal process (Fig. 31B), wider (0.24 mm) than long (0.16 mm). Mesoventrite (Fig. 31B) wider (0.25 mm) than long (0.10 mm); anterior margin sinuous. Metaventrite (Fig. 31B) 1.6x wider than long, disc flat; lateral margins covered by tomentum; discrimen conspicuous on basal ¾ (Fig. 31B). Hind legs (Fig. 31B). Trochanter 2x longer than wide. Femora 2.9x longer than wide. Tibiae 6.8x longer than wide. Apical tarsomere 1.2x longer than the basal ones combined. Claws large and slender, with a tooth near base.   
 Abdomen. Ventrite I without tomentum on disc; ventrite V with short, golden setae at apex (Fig. 31B). Tergite VIII (Fig. 33C) almost as wide as long; posterior margin rounded; surface with thin setae, spines and microspines. Sternite VIII (Fig. 33B) 2.7x wider than long; surface with setae; anterior median projection 1.5x longer than the sternite body length. Segment IX (Fig. 33E) subtriangular, with rounded apex. Genitalia (Fig. 33A). Phallobase 2x longer than wide, approximately the same length as the penis. Parameres 4x longer than wide, reaching approximately ¾ the length of the penis; base wider than the apex; apex narrow; with sensory micropores. Penis 4x longer than wide; apex rounded; lateral margins sinuous; surface with sensory pores more abundant on apical half; basolateral process 2.9x longer than wide.   
 Female. Unknown.   
 Etymology. The specific epithet baniwa is in honor of the people and language of the Baniwa indigenous group that inhabits the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira (type locality of this species). This name is used in apposition.   
 Comparative notes. Pilielmis baniwa sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from any other species in the genus by the unique coloration pattern: marks on thorax and elytra strongly contrasting with the background color. In addition, the coloration pattern is unique among the species in this genus—thorax light with dark marks and elytra dark with light marks. As previously presented, P. baniwa sp. nov. is most similar to P. sara by sharing a body subparallel, antennae bicolor, and a pair of black marks on the posterior half of the pronotum. For details about how to differentiate the two species, see the discussion presented for P. sara.   
 Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 1).   
 Type material. Holotype. Male. Brazil, Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Sítio Novo Israel, primeiro riacho da Comunidade II, 30.x.2010, 00°10′29, 2′′ S, 67°00′39.8′′ W, Hamada et al. leg., (INPA —body in alcohol; mouthparts, wing and genitalia on slide).
description: Published as part of Pinedo-Garcia, Raul Bismarck, Polizei, Thiago Tadeu Silva, Hamada, Neusa & Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do, 2024, Systematics of Pilielmis Hinton, 1971 (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Elmidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 5421 (1) on pages 46-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5421.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10805672