cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Equivalence Principle for Antiparticles and its Limitations
Creators: name: Jentschura, U. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the particle-antiparticle symmetry of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation, both on the basis of the gravitational central-field problem and in general curved space-time backgrounds. First, we investigate the central-field problem with the help of a Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation. This disentangles the particle from the antiparticle solutions, and leads to a "matching relation" of the inertial and the gravitational mass, which is valid for both particles as well as antiparticles. Second, we supplement this derivation by a general investigation of the behavior of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation under the discrete symmetry of charge conjugation, which is tantamount to a particle -> antiparticle transformation. Limitations of the Einstein equivalence principle due to quantum fluctuations are discussed. In quantum mechanics, the question of where and when in the Universe an experiment is being performed, can only be answered up to the limitations implied by Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, questioning an assumption made in the original formulation of the Einstein equivalence principle. Furthermore, at some level of accuracy, it becomes impossible to separate non-gravitational from gravitational experiments, leading to further limitations.
description: 19 pages; LaTeX article style
Automatic lung segmentation in routine imaging is primarily a data diversity problem, not a methodology problem
Creators: name: Hofmanninger, Johannes
name: Prayer, Florian
name: Pan, Jeanny
name: Rohrich, Sebastian
name: Prosch, Helmut
name: Langs, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.4.6

description: Automated segmentation of anatomical structures is a crucial step in image analysis. For lung segmentation in computed tomography, a variety of approaches exist, involving sophisticated pipelines trained and validated on different datasets. However, the clinical applicability of these approaches across diseases remains limited. We compared four generic deep learning approaches trained on various datasets and two readily available lung segmentation algorithms. We performed evaluation on routine imaging data with more than six different disease patterns and three published data sets. Using different deep learning approaches, mean Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) on test datasets varied not over 0.02. When trained on a diverse routine dataset (n = 36) a standard approach (U-net) yields a higher DSC (0.97 $\pm$ 0.05) compared to training on public datasets such as Lung Tissue Research Consortium (0.94 $\pm$ 0.13, p = 0.024) or Anatomy 3 (0.92 $\pm$ 0.15, p = 0.001). Trained on routine data (n = 231) covering multiple diseases, U-net compared to reference methods yields a DSC of 0.98 $\pm$ 0.03 versus 0.94 $\pm$ 0.12 (p = 0.024).
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables
Constraints on intergalactic dust from quasar colours
Creators: name: Mortsell, Edvard
name: Goobar, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colour measurements of quasars are used to constrain the abundance and properties of intergalactic dust and the related extinction effects on high-z sources. For Type Ia supernovae at z = 1, we derive an upper limit on the possible dimming from intergalactic dust of dm=0.2, ruling out the ``grey'' dust scenario as being solely responsible for the observed faintness of high-z SNIa.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, reference added, minor changes, matches accepted JCAP version
Personal listening device usage among Canadians and audiometric outcomes among 6–29 year olds
Creators: name: Feder, Katya
name: McNamee, James
name: Marro, Leonora
name: Portnuff, Cory
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To describe personal listening device (PLD) usage and sociodemographic variables among a nationally representative sample of Canadians and examine audiometric outcomes among a subsample. Audiometry and in-person questionnaires were used to evaluate hearing and PLD usage across age, sex, household income/education level. PLD exposure was quantified using a common occupational noise limit. A randomised sample of 10,460 respondents, aged 6–79, with audiometric analysis of a subsample (n = 4807), aged 6–29, tested between 2012 and 2015. Loud PLD usage was reported by19.5% of Canadians. The highest prevalence was among teenagers (44.2%) and young adults (36.3%). Among children, 13.1% of users listened at loud volumes. High PLD usage (equivalent to or above 85 dBA, LEX 40) among 12–19 year olds was double that of 20–29 year olds: 10.2% versus 5.1%E. Five years or more of loud PLD usage was associated with significantly higher mean hearing thresholds compared to less years. No association between loud or high PLD usage and mean thresholds were found. The majority used PLDs safely, however a small proportion reported high risk usage which will impact hearing should this pattern persist over many years.
Meissner effect in a charged Bose gas with short-range repulsion
Creators: name: Koh, Shun-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of whether the BEC is a necessary condition of the Meissner effect is examined. The electromagnetic susceptibility of a charged Bose gas with short-range repulsion is studied using the perturbation theory with respect to the repulsive force. With decreasing temperature, the Bose-statistical coherence grows, and prior to the BEC phase the susceptibility shows a singularity implying the Meissner effect. This means that the BEC is a sufficient, but not a necessary condition of the Meissner effect in the charged Bose gas with short-range repulsion.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Existence of relative periodic orbits near relative equilibria
Creators: name: Ginzburg, Viktor
name: Lerman, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show existence of relative periodic orbits (a.k.a. relative nonlinear normal modes) near relative equilibria of a symmetric Hamiltonian system under an appropriate assumption on the Hessian of the Hamiltonian. This gives a relative version of the Moser-Weinstein theorem. The paper supersedes an earlier paper (this arxiv math.SG/9906007), which contains a mistake.
description: 13 pages
Numerical upscaling of perturbed diffusion problems
Creators: name: Hellman, Fredrik
name: Keil, Tim
name: Målqvist, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J15, 65N12, 65N30

description: In this paper we study elliptic partial differential equations with rapidly varying diffusion coefficient that can be represented as a perturbation of a reference coefficient. We develop a numerical method for efficiently solving multiple perturbed problems by reusing local computations performed with the reference coefficient. The proposed method is based on the Petrov--Galerkin Localized Orthogonal Decomposition (PG-LOD) which allows for straightforward parallelization with low communcation overhead and memory consumption. We focus on two types of perturbations: local defects which we treat by recomputation of multiscale shape functions and global mappings of a reference coefficient for which we apply the domain mapping method. We analyze the proposed method for these problem classes and present several numerical examples.
MOESM2 of Evaluating the effects of an exercise program (Staying UpRight) for older adults in long-term care on rates of falls: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Taylor, Lynne
name: Parsons, John
name: Taylor, Denise
name: Binns, Elizabeth
name: Sue Lord
name: Edlin, Richard
name: Rochester, Lynn
name: Din, Silvia
name: Klenk, Jochen
name: Buckley, Christopher
name: Cavadino, Alana
name: Moyes, Simon
name: Ngaire Kerse
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: SPIRIT 2013 checklist.
Experimental demonstration of cascaded round-to-flat and flat-to-round beam transformations
Creators: name: Kim, Seongyeol
name: Piot, Philippe
name: Chen, Gonxiaohui
name: Doran, Scott
name: Liu, Wanming
name: Whiteford, Charles
name: Wisniewski, Eric
name: Power, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetized beams beam with significant canonical angular momentum are critical to electron cooling of hadron beams such as contemplated in next-generation hadron and electron-ion colliders. The transport of magnetized electron beams over long distances in a locally non-axisymmetric external field is challenging. An alternative is to transform the beam into an uncoupled "flat beam", transport the produced "flat" beam over a long distance, and reintroduce the cross-plane coupling to "re-magnetize" the beam. In this paper, we demonstrate via numerical simulation and laboratory experiments such a cascaded-transformation approach.
description: Submitted to Proceedings of AAC 2024 Workshop
Adiabatic Quantum Computation is Equivalent to Standard Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Aharonov, Dorit
name: van Dam, Wim
name: Kempe, Julia
name: Landau, Zeph
name: Lloyd, Seth
name: Regev, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adiabatic quantum computation has recently attracted attention in the physics and computer science communities, but its computational power was unknown. We describe an efficient adiabatic simulation of any given quantum algorithm, which implies that the adiabatic computation model and the conventional quantum computation model are polynomially equivalent. Our result can be extended to the physically realistic setting of particles arranged on a two-dimensional grid with nearest neighbor interactions. The equivalence between the models provides a new vantage point from which to tackle the central issues in quantum computation, namely designing new quantum algorithms and constructing fault tolerant quantum computers. In particular, by translating the main open questions in the area of quantum algorithms to the language of spectral gaps of sparse matrices, the result makes these questions accessible to a wider scientific audience, acquainted with mathematical physics, expander theory and rapidly mixing Markov chains.
description: 30 pages, updated version
MOESM1 of Evaluating the effects of an exercise program (Staying UpRight) for older adults in long-term care on rates of falls: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Taylor, Lynne
name: Parsons, John
name: Taylor, Denise
name: Binns, Elizabeth
name: Sue Lord
name: Edlin, Richard
name: Rochester, Lynn
name: Din, Silvia
name: Klenk, Jochen
name: Buckley, Christopher
name: Cavadino, Alana
name: Moyes, Simon
name: Ngaire Kerse
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Ethics consent and information forms.
On the position dependent effective mass Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Biswas, Kalpana
name: Saha, Jyoti Prasad
name: Patra, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncommutivity of position and momentum makes it difficult to formulate the unambiguous structure of the kinetic part of Hamiltonian for the position-dependent effective mass (PDEM). Various existing proposals of writing the viable kinetic part of the Hamiltonian for PDEM, conceptually lack from first principle calculation. Starting from the first principle calculation, in this article, we have advocated the proper self-adjoint form of the kinetic part of Hamiltonian for PDEM. We have proposed that ambiguity of construction of viable kinetic part for PDEM can be avoided if one takes the care from the Classical level combination of position and momentum. \\ In the quantum level, the spatial points do not appear in equivalent footing for the measure of inertia (mass). This exhibits the existence of an inertia potential. Thus the new structure of the Kinetic part differs from the existing structure of the kinetic part of Hamiltonian by providing an extra potential like contribution. This inertia potential can be absorbed with the external potential and redefine the known structure of PDEM under this effective potential. This enables us to apply the existing formalism of quantum mechanics. The coherent state structures for the newly proposed form of Hamiltonian are provided for a few simple experimentally important models.
description: 14 pages, 0 figures
MOESM2 of Interventions to improve team effectiveness within health care: a systematic review of the past decade
Creators: name: Buljac-Samardzic, Martina
name: Doekhie, Kirti
name: Wijngaarden, Jeroen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. GRADE (DOCX 13 kb)
Analysis of data from the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) using Bayesian Item Response Theory
Creators: name: Leijon, Arne
name: Dillon, Harvey
name: Hickson, Louise
name: Kinkel, Martin
name: Kramer, Sophia E.
name: Nordqvist, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: IOI-HA response data are conventionally analysed assuming that the ordinal responses have interval-scale properties. This study critically considers this assumption and compares the conventional approach with a method using Item Response Theory (IRT). A Bayesian IRT analysis model was implemented and applied to several IOI-HA data sets. Anonymised IOI-HA responses from 13273 adult users of one or two hearing aids in 11 data sets using the Australian English, Dutch, German and Swedish versions of the IOI-HA. The raw ordinal responses to IOI-HA items do not represent values on interval scales. Using the conventional rating sum as an overall score introduces a scale error corresponding to about 10 − 15% of the true standard deviation in the population. Some interesting and statistically credible differences were demonstrated among the included data sets. It is questionable to apply conventional statistical measures like mean, variance, t-tests, etc., on the raw IOI-HA ratings. It is recommended to apply only nonparametric statistical test methods for comparisons of IOI-HA results between groups. The scale error can sometimes cause incorrect conclusions when individual results are compared. The IRT approach is recommended for analysis of individual results.
Calculating Quenching Weights
Creators: name: Salgado, Carlos A.
name: Wiedemann, Urs Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the probability (``quenching weight'') that a hard parton radiates an additional energy fraction due to scattering in spatially extended QCD matter. This study is based on an exact treatment of finite in-medium path length, it includes the case of a dynamically expanding medium, and it extends to the angular dependence of the medium-induced gluon radiation pattern. All calculations are done in the multiple soft scattering approximation (Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigné-Schiff--Zakharov ``BDMPS-Z''-formalism) and in the single hard scattering approximation (N=1 opacity approximation). By comparison, we establish a simple relation between transport coefficient, Debye screening mass and opacity, for which both approximations lead to comparable results. Together with this paper, a CPU-inexpensive numerical subroutine for calculating quenching weights is provided electronically. To illustrate its applications, we discuss the suppression of hadronic transverse momentum spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Remarkably, the kinematic constraint resulting from finite in-medium path length reduces significantly the transverse momentum dependence of the nuclear modification factor, thus leading to consistency with the data measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).
description: 45 pages LaTeX, 20 eps-figures
A PLURATIVIDADE E A VIABILIZACAO DA PEQUENA PROPRIEDADE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DOS PRODUTORES RURAIS NO MUNICIPIO DE TOLEDO – PR
Creators: name: Salete, Salete Polonia
name: Heinzmann, Ligia Maria
name: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis
name: Salete, Salete Polonia
name: Heinzmann, Ligia Maria
name: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: propriedades rurais
subject: pluratividade
subject: município de Toledo/PR

description: Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer um levantamento das principais atividades econômicas desenvolvidas nas propriedades rurais do município de Toledo/PR, bem como a importância da pluriatividade na viabilização dessas propriedades. Como corolário, este estudo aponta para o fato de que as propriedades rurais têm diversificado suas atividades a fim de obterem maior rentabilidade. Ademais, a adoção de técnicas de gestão e planejamento é um fator determinante para a redução de custos de produção e para a rentabilidade da propriedade rural, porque a pequena propriedade, oriunda, em sua maioria, de herança, é predominante entre os entrevistados. Neste estudo, constatou-se que a predominância dos proprietários rurais pesquisados é de homens, casados, com idade média de 48 anos, com ensino fundamental e que atuam na atividade há mais de 20 anos. A mão-de-obra utilizada é essencialmente familiar.
Chemical enrichment by collapsars as the origin of the unusually high [Ba/Fe] in a massive star cluster of the dwarf galaxy NGC 1569
Creators: name: Leicester, Brayden
name: Bekki, Kenji
name: Tsujimoto, Takuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The super star cluster NGC1569-B has recently been observed to have an extremely high [Ba/Fe]. We consider that the observed high [Ba/Fe] ($\sim$ 1.3) is due to the chemical enrichment of giant molecular clouds by either collapsars, neutron star mergers, or magneto-rotational supernovae, and thereby investigate which of the three polluters can best reproduce the observed [Ba/Fe]. Since it is found that collapsars can best reproduce such an extremely high Ba abundance, we numerically investigate the star cluster formation in NGC1569 using chemodynamical simulations of merging dwarf galaxies with chemical enrichment by collapsars. The principal results are as follows. First, a cluster of the same scale as NGC1569-B was found to match both the observed [Ba/Fe] and [Fe/H] values, the best cluster having [Ba/Fe]= 1.3 $\pm$ 0.2 and [Fe/H] = $-$0.7 $\pm$ 0.2. This simulation used a core-collapse supernova per collapsar rate of 70, a standard initial mass function and an initial metallicity of [Fe/H]=-1.5. Second, a prediction of the Eu abundance of NGC1569-B is made: [Eu/Fe]= 1.9 $\pm$ 0.2. These results are shown to be invariant under a change in the orbit parameters used for the merger. The need for a merger to promote the star formation that leads to the synthesis of the Ba and the star cluster formation is confirmed. Collapsars can not only better explain [Ba/Fe] but also be consistent with the observed star formation rate and stellar mass of the dwarf galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Accepted by Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Mass inflation and the $C^2$-inextendibility of spherically symmetric charged scalar field dynamical black holes
Creators: name: Van de Moortel, Maxime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It has long been suggested that the Cauchy horizon of dynamical black holes is subject to a weak null singularity, under the mass inflation scenario. We study in spherical symmetry the Einstein-Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equations and \textit{while we do not directly show mass inflation}, we obtain a "mass inflation/ridigity" dichotomy. More precisely, we prove assuming (sufficiently slow) decay of the charged scalar field on the event horizon, that the Cauchy horizon emanating from time-like infinity is $\mathcal{CH}_{i^+}= \mathcal{D} \cup \mathcal{S}$ for two (possibly empty) disjoint connected sets $\mathcal{D}$ and $\mathcal{S}$ such that: _$\mathcal{D}$ (the dynamical set) is a past set on which the Hawking mass blows up (mass inflation scenario). _$\mathcal{S}$ (the static set) is a future set isometric to a Reissner--Nordström Cauchy horizon i.e.\ the radiation is zero on $\mathcal{S}$. As a consequence, we establish a novel classification of Cauchy horizons into three types: dynamical ($\mathcal{S}=\emptyset$), static ($\mathcal{D}=\emptyset$) or mixed, and prove that $\mathcal{CH}_{i^+}$ is globally $C^2$-inextendible. Our main motivation is the $C^2$ Strong Cosmic Censorship Conjecture for a realistic model of spherical collapse in which charged matter emulates the repulsive role of angular momentum: in our case the Einstein-Maxwell-Klein-Gordon system on one-ended space-times. As a result, we prove in spherical symmetry that: - two-ended asymptotically flat space-times are $C^2$-future-inextendible i.e. $C^2$ Strong Cosmic Censorship is true for Einstein-Maxwell-Klein-Gordon, assuming the decay of the scalar field on the event horizon at the expected rate. - In the one-ended case, the Cauchy horizon emanating from time-like infinity is $C^2$-inextendible. This result suppresses the main obstruction to $C^2$ Strong Cosmic Censorship in spherical collapse.
description: Versions accepted for publication in Communications in Mathematical Physics
Two dimensional electron gas near full polarization
Creators: name: Zala, G.
name: Narozhny, B. N.
name: Aleiner, I. L.
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the consistency of the Fermi liquid description and find a relation between Fermi liquid constants for the two dimensional electron system near the point of full polarization due to a parallel magnetic field $H$. Our results enable us to predict connections between different thermodynamic properties of the system. In particular, we find that near the point of full polarization $H_c$, the thermodynamic compressibility of the system experiences a jump with the subleading $(H_c-H)^{1/2}$ dependence on the magnetic field. Also, the magnetization has a cusp with the dependence of the type $(H-H_c) + (H_c-H)^{3/2}$ at $H
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, submitted to PRB
MOESM1 of Interventions to improve team effectiveness within health care: a systematic review of the past decade
Creators: name: Buljac-Samardzic, Martina
name: Doekhie, Kirti
name: Wijngaarden, Jeroen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search syntax EMBASE (DOCX 12 kb)
Scaling Theory and Exactly Solved Models In the Kinetics of Irreversible Aggregation
Creators: name: Leyvraz, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scaling theory of irreversible aggregation is discussed in some detail. First, we review the general theory in the simplest case of binary reactions. We then extend consideration to ternary reactions, multispecies aggregation, inhomogeneous situations with arbitrary size dependent diffusion constants as well as arbitrary production terms. A precise formulation of the scaling hypothesis is given as well as a general theory of crossover phenomena. The consequences of this definition are described at length. The specific issues arising in the case in which an infinite cluster forms at finite times (the so-called gelling case) are discussed, in order to address discrepancies between theory and recent numerical work. Finally, a large number of exactly solved models are reviewed extensively with a view to pointing out precisely in which sense the scaling hypothesis holds in these various models. It is shown that the specific definition given here will give good results for almost all cases. On the other hand, we show that it is usually possible to find counterexamples to stronger formulations of the scaling hypothesis.
description: 160 pp. 1 figure, submitted to Physics Reports
Experimental Demonstration of Sequential Quantum Random Access Codes
Creators: name: Foletto, Giulio
name: Calderaro, Luca
name: Vallone, Giuseppe
name: Villoresi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A random access code (RAC) is a strategy to encode a message into a shorter one in a way that any bit of the original can still be recovered with nontrivial probability. Encoding with quantum bits rather than classical ones can improve this probability, but has an important limitation: due to the disturbance caused by standard quantum measurements, qubits cannot be used more than once. However, as recently shown by Mohan, Tavakoli, and Brunner [New J. Phys. 21 083034, (2019)], weak measurements can alleviate this problem, allowing two sequential decoders to perform better than with the best classical RAC. We use single photons to experimentally show that these weak measurements are feasible and nonclassical success probabilities are achievable by two decoders. We prove this for different values of the measurement strength and use our experimental results to put tight bounds on them, certifying the accuracy of our setting. This proves the feasibility of using sequential quantum RACs for quantum information tasks such as the self-testing of untrusted devices.
description: See also the related work arXiv:2001.04768 of Hammad Anwer et al., appearing on arXiv on the same day of the first submission. V2 includes changes after peer review and copy-editing. 9 pages, 6 figures
Identifying the approaches used by audiologists to address the psychosocial needs of their adult clients
Creators: name: Bennett, Rebecca J.
name: Barr, Caitlin
name: Montano, Joseph
name: Eikelboom, Robert H.
name: Saunders, Gabrielle H.
name: Pronk, Marieke
name: Preminger, Jill E.
name: Ferguson, Melanie
name: Weinstein, Barbara
name: Heffernan, Eithne
name: Van Leeuwen, Lisette
name: Hickson, Louise
name: Timmer, Barbra H. B.
name: Singh, Gurjit
name: Gerace, Daniel
name: Cortis, Alex
name: Bellekom, Sandra R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: To identify the approaches taken by audiologists to address their adult clients’ psychosocial needs related to hearing loss. A participatory mixed methods design. Participants generated statements describing the ways in which the psychosocial needs of their adult clients with hearing loss are addressed, and then grouped the statements into themes. Data were obtained using face-to-face and online structured questions. Concept mapping techniques were used to identify key concepts and to map each of the concepts relative to each other. An international sample of 65 audiologists. Ninety-three statements were generated and grouped into seven conceptual clusters: Client Empowerment; Use of Strategies and Training to Personalise the Rehabilitation Program; Facilitating Peer and Other Professional Support; Providing Emotional Support; Improving Social Engagement with Technology; Including Communication Partners; and Promoting Client Responsibility. Audiologists employ a wide range of approaches in their attempt to address the psychosocial needs associated with hearing loss experienced by their adult clients. The approaches described were mostly informal and provided in a non-standardised way. The majority of approaches described were not evidence-based, despite the availability of several options that are evidence-based, thus highlighting the implementation gap between research and clinical practice.
A EVOLUCAO DAS EXPORTACOES E DA COMPETITIVIDADE DO COMPLEXO SOJA NO BRASIL E NO PARANA: 1990 - 2004
Creators: name: Caldarelli, Carlos Eduardo
name: Da Camara, Marcia Regina Gabardo
name: Sereia, Vanderlei Jose
name: Caldarelli, Carlos Eduardo
name: Da Camara, Marcia Regina Gabardo
name: Sereia, Vanderlei Jose
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Complexo soja
subject: Comércio internacional
subject: Modelo “Constant Market-Share”
subject: Competitividade
subject: Vantagens Comparativas.

description: A sojicultura brasileira tem apresentado resultados promissores nos últimos anos, assumindo papel atuante na pauta de exportações brasileiras. O artigo analisa o comportamento das exportações da oleaginosa e demais produtos derivados da soja do Brasil e do Paraná no período de 1990 a 2004, a relação com o mercado internacional e a tendência futura das exportações. Os procedimentos metodológicos são descritos a seguir; primeiramente foram identificados os produtos mais representativos da cadeia - a soja em grão, o farelo de soja e óleo de soja; em segundo lugar calculou-se o índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman (IHH), para verificar a evolução da concentração dos mercados para os quais o Brasil e o Paraná exportam e para as exportações mundiais totais, como um indicador sintético de concorrência mundial; em seguida utilizou-se o modelo “Constant Market-Share” (CMS), com o objetivo de decompor as fontes de crescimento das exportações em quatro componentes, sendo estes: o crescimento do comércio mundial, composição da pauta de exportação, destino das exportações sendo a parcela residual o efeito competitividade. O complexo no período como um todo diversificou seus parceiros comerciais, houve desconcentração das exportações brasileiras e paranaenses, mas verificou-se a concentração do mercado exportador de soja e o conseqüente acirramento da concorrência internacional. As grandes fontes do crescimento do complexo soja no Brasil e no Paraná foram à competitividade e o comércio mundial no período I, proporcionados pela abertura comercial pós 90 e a competitividade no período III, fruto dos investimentos em P&D. O grande gargalo para o crescimento das exportações pode ser salientado como a infra-estrutura e o protecionismo, além da carência de políticas de interação entre diferentes segmentos de diferentes complexos, gerando assim maiores sinergias.
Pattern formation in coiling of falling viscous threads: Revisiting the geometric model
Creators: name: Sze, Will
name: Doedel, Eusebius J.
name: Karimfazli, Ida
name: Yousefzadeh, Behrooz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The "Fluid Mechanic Sewing Machine" creates periodic patterns through the coiling nature of a viscous fluid falling onto a moving surface. At relatively moderate heights, the reported patterns are translating coiling, alternating loops, W pattern, and meander. A simplified theoretical model based on the geometry and local bending of the contact point can predict these patterns. We experimentally explore the patterns in this region by collecting new data to compare with the model. Our review of the model's bifurcation diagram reveals additional patterns beyond the ones reported, although current experiments have not shown their existence. The W pattern, previously omitted in a regime diagram because of its small region, is now shown explicitly. We report on the consistent appearance of a period-doubled version of the W pattern, as well as rare appearances of resonant patterns, both reported for the first time. Comparing the theoretical model to experimental data, we find that the predicted phase diagram and the meander variation deviate from observations. These deviations hint at an unaccounted dynamics that merits further study.
One-loop effective potential for the vacuum gauge field in $M_3\times S^3 \times S^1$ space-times
Creators: name: Cho, Yoshinori
name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the effective potential for the vacuum gauge field from the one-loop matter effect in $M_3\times S^3\times S^1$ space-time. This background geometry is motivated from the recent studies on gauged supergravities with a positive-definite potential, which admits a generalized Kaluza-Klein reduction. We investigate how symmetry breaking patterns through the Hosotani mechanism are affected by the ratio of the radii of $S^1$ and $S^3$.
description: 8pages, 2 figures. RevTeX4; some typos corrected
Static and Microwave Properties of Amorphous Magnets Near Saturation
Creators: name: Chudnovsky, Eugene M.
name: Garanin, Dmitry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static and dynamic properties of magnetically soft amorphous ferromagnets have been studied analytically and numerically within random-field and random-anisotropy models. External field and coherent anisotropy that are weak compared to their random counterparts are sufficient to bring the magnet close to saturation. The scaling of spin-spin correlations in this regime is computed, and its dependence on parameters is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. We show that near the ferromagnetic resonance, the spin excitations are damped and spatially localized due to randomness even close to saturation. On increasing the strength of randomness, the localization length goes down in accordance with theoretical expectations, while the damping of spin excitations goes up.
description: 10 PR pages, 6 figure captions
Effect of GUP on Hawking radiation of BTZ black hole
Creators: name: Singh, T. Ibungochouba
name: Meitei, Y. Kenedy
name: Meitei, I. Ablu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hawking radiation of BTZ black hole is investigated based on generalized uncertainty principle effect by using Hamilton-Jacobi method and Dirac equation. The tunneling probability and the Hawking temperature of the spin-1/2 particles of the BTZ black hole are investigated using modified Dirac equation based on the GUP. The modified Hawking temperature for fermion crossing the back hole horizon includes the mass parameter of the black hole, angular momentum, energy and also outgoing mass of the emitted particle. Besides, considering the effect of GUP into account, the modified Hawking radiation of massless particle from a BTZ black hole is investigated using Damour and Ruffini method, tortoise coordinate transformation and modified Klein-Gordon equation. The relation between the modified Hawking temperature obtained by using Damour-Ruffini method and the energy of the emitted particle is derived. The original Hawking temperature is also recovered in the absence of quantum gravity effect.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
A Low-Cost, Low-Power Media Converter Solution for Next-Generation Detector Readout Systems
Creators: name: Perro, Alberto
name: Vodnik, Mitja
name: Durante, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High Energy Physics (HEP) data acquisition systems are often built from high-end FPGAs. As such systems scale in the HL-LHC era, severe under-utilization of FPGA transceivers can occur because front-end links prioritize radiation hardness and power consumption over raw data bandwidth. This work evaluates recently introduced low-power, low-cost FPGA devices as an alternative building block for future readout architectures. This study presents the implementation of a readout back-End on FPGA where the front-end protocol is based on the Low-Power GigaBit Transceiver (lpGBT) and the readout protocol is based on 10 Gigabit Ethernet, using the LHCb Run 4 RICH detector as a practical case study.
description: Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics - TWEPP 2024 - 30 September - 4 October, 2024 - Glasgow, Scotland
Unequal Mass Binary Neutron Star Simulations with Neutrino Transport: Ejecta and Neutrino Emission
Creators: name: Vincent, Trevor
name: Foucart, Francois
name: Duez, Matthew D.
name: Haas, Roland
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83-08

description: We present twelve new simulations of unequal mass neutron star mergers. The simulations were preformed with the SpEC code, and utilize nuclear-theory based equations of state and a two-moment gray neutrino transport scheme with an improved energy estimate based on evolving the number density. We model the neutron stars with the SFHo, LS220 and DD2 equations of state (EOS) and we study the neutrino and matter emission of all twelve models to search for robust trends between binary parameters and emission characteristics. We find that the total mass of the dynamical ejecta exceeds $0.01M_\odot$ only for SFHo with weak dependence on the mass-ratio across all models. We find that the ejecta have a broad electron fraction ($Y_e$) distribution ($\approx 0.06-0.48$), with mean $0.2$. $Y_e$ increases with neutrino irradiation over time, but decreases with increasing binary asymmetry. We also find that the models have ejecta with a broad asymptotic velocity distribution ($\approx 0.05-0.7c$). The average velocity lies in the range $0.2c - 0.3c$ and decreases with binary asymmetry. Furthermore, we find that disk mass increases with binary asymmetry and stiffness of the EOS. The $Y_e$ of the disk increases with softness of the EOS. The strongest neutrino emission occurs for the models with soft EOS. For (anti) electron neutrinos we find no significant dependence of the magnitude or angular distribution or neutrino luminosity with mass-ratio. The heavier neutrino species have a luminosity dependence on mass-ratio but an angular distribution which does not change with mass-ratio.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures
MOESM8 of The transcriptome of Pinus pinaster under Fusarium circinatum challenge
Creators: name: Hernandez-Escribano, Laura
name: Visser, Erik
name: Iturritxa, Eugenia
name: Raposo, Rosa
name: Sanushka Naidoo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8. Principal component analyses (PCA) for Pinus pinaster (above) and Fusarium circinatum (below) rlog data of the differential expression gene analysis (DESeq2). In red: mock-inoculated samples; in blue: inoculated samples at 3 dpi; in green: inoculated samples at 5 dpi; in yellow: inoculated samples at 10 dpi.
REFORMA AGRARIA E OUTRAS POLITICAS DE REDUCAO DA POBREZA
Creators: name: Souza, Marcelino De
name: Pessoa, Cristiane Cardoso
name: Schuch, Ilaine
name: Souza, Marcelino De
name: Pessoa, Cristiane Cardoso
name: Schuch, Ilaine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: agricultura urbana
subject: pobreza
subject: segurança alimentar
subject: multifuncionalidade
subject: políticas públicas

description: No contexto da nova relação do rural e urbano, a agricultura urbana ganha importância em função de aspectos a ela ligados, tais como a crescente urbanização, a pobreza, problemas de abastecimento e valores de não-mercado. Todavia, os estudos existentes no Brasil ainda são escassos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados de uma investigação sobre a contribuição da agricultura urbana na melhoria da renda e da alimentação de famílias pobres. Para tal, foram entrevistadas, inicialmente, 38 e, posteriormente, 20 famílias, em cinco bairros do município de Santa Maria-RS. Os resultados revelam que a atividade não cumpre necessariamente o papel de provedora de renda adicional, mas conduz a uma economia expressiva, pois certos alimentos deixam de ser comprados. A produção obtida oferece nutrientes importantes, ficando ausentes os alimentos mais ricos em minerais, os quais não são produzidos pelas famílias. A atividade pode ser considerada um modo de produção fora de mercado ou uma economia de subsistência e cumpre papel relevante na complementação da alimentação, fornecendo produtos frescos e relativamente livres de insumos industriais que contribuem para a segurança alimentar e nutricional das famílias.
Chaotic Duality in String Theory
Creators: name: Franco, Sebastian
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Herzog, Christopher
name: Walcher, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the general features of renormalization group flows near superconformal fixed points of four dimensional N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories with gravity duals. The gauge theories we study arise as the world-volume theory on a set of D-branes at a Calabi-Yau singularity where a del Pezzo surface shrinks to zero size. Based mainly on field theory analysis, we find evidence that such flows are often chaotic and contain exotic features such as duality walls. For a gauge theory where the del Pezzo is the Hirzebruch zero surface, the dependence of the duality wall height on the couplings at some point in the cascade has a self-similar fractal structure. For a gauge theory dual to CP^2 blown up at a point, we find periodic and quasi-periodic behavior for the gauge theory couplings that does not violate the a-conjecture. Finally, we construct supergravity duals for these del Pezzos that match our field theory beta functions.
description: 42 pages, 14 figures; v2 typos corrected
Time-Dependent Warping, Fluxes, and NCYM
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Keshav
name: Rajesh, Govindan
name: Robbins, Daniel
name: Sethi, Savdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the supergravity solutions dual to D6-branes with both time-dependent and time-independent B-fields. These backgrounds generalize the Taub-NUT metric in two key ways: they have asymmetric warp factors and background fluxes. In the time-dependent case, the warping takes a novel form. Kaluza-Klein reduction in these backgrounds is unusual, and we explore some of the new features. In particular, we describe how a localized gauge-field emerges with an analogue of the open string metric and coupling. We also describe a gravitational analogue of the Seiberg-Witten map. This provides a framework in supergravity both for studying non-commutative gauge theories, and for constructing novel warped backgrounds.
description: 32 pages, LaTeX, references added
Design and evaluation of the effectiveness of a corpus of congruent and incongruent English sentences for the study of event related potentials
Creators: name: Joaquin T. Valderrama
name: Beach, Elizabeth F.
name: Sharma, Mridula
name: Shivali Appaiah-Konganda
name: Schmidt, Elaine
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To design and evaluate the effectiveness of a stimulus material in eliciting the N400 event related potential (ERP). A set of 700 semantically congruent and incongruent sentences was developed in accordance with current linguistic norms, and validated with an electroencephalography (EEG) study, in which the influence of age and gender on the N400 ERP magnitude was analysed. Forty-five normal-hearing subjects (19–57 years, 21 females) participated in the EEG study. The stimulus material used in the EEG study elicited a robust N400 ERP, with a morphology consistent with the literature. Results also showed no statistically significant effect of age or gender on the N400 magnitude. The material presented in this paper constitutes the largest complete stimulus set suitable for both auditory and text-based N400 experiments. This material may help facilitate the efficient implementation of future N400 ERP studies, as well as promote standardisation and consistency across studies.