cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Graph Attention Multi-Layer Perceptron
Creators: name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Yin, Ziqi
name: Sheng, Zeang
name: Li, Yang
name: Ouyang, Wen
name: Li, Xiaosen
name: Tao, Yangyu
name: Yang, Zhi
name: Cui, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in many graph-based applications. However, the enormous size and high sparsity level of graphs hinder their applications under industrial scenarios. Although some scalable GNNs are proposed for large-scale graphs, they adopt a fixed $K$-hop neighborhood for each node, thus facing the over-smoothing issue when adopting large propagation depths for nodes within sparse regions. To tackle the above issue, we propose a new GNN architecture -- Graph Attention Multi-Layer Perceptron (GAMLP), which can capture the underlying correlations between different scales of graph knowledge. We have deployed GAMLP in Tencent with the Angel platform, and we further evaluate GAMLP on both real-world datasets and large-scale industrial datasets. Extensive experiments on these 14 graph datasets demonstrate that GAMLP achieves state-of-the-art performance while enjoying high scalability and efficiency. Specifically, it outperforms GAT by 1.3\% regarding predictive accuracy on our large-scale Tencent Video dataset while achieving up to $50\times$ training speedup. Besides, it ranks top-1 on both the leaderboards of the largest homogeneous and heterogeneous graph (i.e., ogbn-papers100M and ogbn-mag) of Open Graph Benchmark.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2108.10097
Model Degradation Hinders Deep Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Sheng, Zeang
name: Yin, Ziqi
name: Jiang, Yuezihan
name: Xia, Yikuan
name: Gao, Jun
name: Yang, Zhi
name: Cui, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in various graph mining tasks.However, drastic performance degradation is always observed when a GNN is stacked with many layers. As a result, most GNNs only have shallow architectures, which limits their expressive power and exploitation of deep neighborhoods.Most recent studies attribute the performance degradation of deep GNNs to the \textit{over-smoothing} issue. In this paper, we disentangle the conventional graph convolution operation into two independent operations: \textit{Propagation} (\textbf{P}) and \textit{Transformation} (\textbf{T}).Following this, the depth of a GNN can be split into the propagation depth ($D_p$) and the transformation depth ($D_t$). Through extensive experiments, we find that the major cause for the performance degradation of deep GNNs is the \textit{model degradation} issue caused by large $D_t$ rather than the \textit{over-smoothing} issue mainly caused by large $D_p$. Further, we present \textit{Adaptive Initial Residual} (AIR), a plug-and-play module compatible with all kinds of GNN architectures, to alleviate the \textit{model degradation} issue and the \textit{over-smoothing} issue simultaneously. Experimental results on six real-world datasets demonstrate that GNNs equipped with AIR outperform most GNNs with shallow architectures owing to the benefits of both large $D_p$ and $D_t$, while the time costs associated with AIR can be ignored.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Climate Change Impact Modelling Cascade – Benefits and Limitations for Conservation Management
Creators: name: Vohland, K.
name: Rannow, S.
name: Stagl, J.
Publisher: name: Dordrecht : Springer
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Climate Change Impact
subject: Climatic Water Balance
subject: Conservation Management
subject: Ecosystem Base Adaptation
subject: Model Cascade
subject: 360

description: Model results can serve as a basis for adaptation in conservation management. They can help understanding the impact of climate change, and support the formulation of management measures. However, model results rely strongly on the quality and the resolution of the input data; they contain significant uncertainties and need to be interpreted in the context of the modelling assumptions. The perception of models and their results differs between disciplines as well as between science and practice. Part of this gap derives from the long ‘model cascade’ used for the assessment of climate related impacts on biodiversity. For this ‘model cascade’ model results from Global Climate Models are often used to drive Regional Downscaled Climate Models and are transferred to hydrological models or distribution models of plants and animals. In fact, most assessments of potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity rely on habitat modelling of plants and animals. But, only few decision makers are trained to analyse the different outcomes of climate impact modelling. If modelling is integrated into conservation management it must be based on an evaluation of the need for information in protected areas and an assessment of model use in the management process, so as to guarantee maximum usability.
Evaluating the feasibility of constructing shopping centers on urban vacant land through a spatial multi-criteria decision-making model
Creators: name: Khosravian, Jafar
name: Qureshi, Salman
name: Rostamzadeh, Sajedeh
name: Moradi, Bahare
name: Derakhshesh, Parisa
name: Yousefi, Samin
name: Jamali, Keyvan
name: Ahmadi, Reyhaneh
name: Nickravesh, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: potential
subject: vacant lands
subject: shopping centers
subject: GIS-SMCDM
subject: Tehran metropolis
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Shopping centers are among the major economic and commercial places in cities in terms of social function, urban sustainability, environment, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to determine suitable locations for building new shopping centers. In this regard, urban vacant lands can be considered as high-potential locations to transform the urban landscape and enhance socio-economic development. The main purpose of this study is to assess the potential of urban vacant lands based on a spatial multi-criteria decision-making (SMCDM) system for building shopping centers in 22 districts of Tehran. In this study, first, 16 effective spatial criteria for locating the new shopping centers were identified using expert opinions and a literature review. The best-worst method (BWM) and the Min/Max method were used to calculate the weight and standardized values of each criterion. Then, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method was used to prepare a potential map of urban vacant lands for the construction of a shopping center under different decision-making scenarios, including very optimistic, optimistic, intermediate, pessimistic, and very pessimistic. Finally, the spatial distribution of potential locations in the 22 districts of Tehran was investigated. The results showed that among the different criteria, the distance from the highway networks and distance from public transportation stations had the most weight, whereas the distance from fault and distance from stream networks had the least weight. The number of vacant lands with a very high potential for building a shopping center in Tehran based on very pessimistic, pessimistic, intermediate, optimistic and very optimistic scenarios was obtained at 29, 95, 105, 122, and 224, respectively. An increase in the degree of optimism in the attitude of decision-makers or investors increased the number of available options in the very high potential category. Under all scenarios, all vacant lands in 10 of Tehran’s 22 districts with very high potential for building shopping centers. The results of the proposed model in this study can be useful and practical for a wide range of planners, decision-makers, and investors with different mental attitudes and risk tolerance. Close attention to these results can contribute to achieving sustainable urban development.
A New Route to Highly Stretchable and Soft Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Elastomers Using Polydimethylsiloxane as Crosslinker of Epoxidized Natural Rubber
Creators: name: Banerjee, Shib Shankar
name: Banerjee, Susanta
name: Wießner, Sven
name: Janke, Andreas
name: Heinrich, Gert
name: Das, Amit
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley InterScience
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: epoxidized natural rubber
subject: hybrid elastomer networks
subject: mechanical properties
subject: polydimethylsiloxane
subject: 540

description: Sulfur or peroxide crosslinking is the most common and conventional method to develop elastomeric materials. A new approach to crosslink epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) by aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (AT-PDMS) is described, intending to develop a new kind of hybrid organic–inorganic elastomers. The curing reaction is accelerated by using hydroquinone as a catalyst. The formation of the hybrid structure is evident from the appearance of two glass transition temperatures, at −1 and −120 °C, for the ENR and PDMS phases, respectively. The curing reaction is found to be of first order with respect to amine concentration with the estimated activation energy of ≈62 kJ mol−1. Comparing the mechanical properties to a typical ENR-sulfur system leads to the conclusion that the ENR/AT-PDMS hybrid structure is highly stretchable and soft, as demonstrated by its relatively higher strain at failure (up to ≈630%), and lower hardness and modulus values. The higher stretchability and soft nature of the material are achieved by introducing flexible PDMS chains during the curing process resulting to a hybrid elastomer networks. This kind of soft but robust materials can find several applications in diverse fields, such as soft robotics, flexible, and stretchable electronics.
BIOL4265 Biology for Environmental Management course outline
Creators: name: lortie, cj
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: This course summarizes our progress in conceptualizing, understanding and in solving large-scale ecological problems caused by the introduction of pollutants and exotic species to the environment.
Delphiphylus affiguratus Pagola-Carte & Matocq 2020, n. comb.
Creators: name: Pagola-Carte, Santiago
name: Matocq, Armand
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Miridae
Delphiphylus
Delphiphylus affiguratus

description: Delphiphylus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) n. comb.
Macrotylus affiguratus Uhler, 1895, single female, Colorado (desc.).
Plagiognathus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) n. comb. by Reuter 1912 (note).
Plagiognathus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895). Van Duzee 1917 (cat.).
Haplomachus [sic] affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) n. comb. by Carvalho 1955.
Hoplomachus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895). Carvalho 1958 (cat.), Knight 1968 (diag.), Kelton 1980 (diag.), Schuh 1995, 2002 – 2013 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Pagola-Carte, Santiago & Matocq, Armand, 2020, A new genus to accommodate the misplaced Nearctic species Hoplomachus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), pp. 269-276 in Zootaxa 4718 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4718.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3602406
Interaction Design for VR Applications: Understanding Needs for University Curricula
Creators: name: Biermann, Oloff C.
name: Ajisafe, Daniel
name: Yoon, Dongwook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2; H.5.1

description: As virtual reality (VR) is emerging in the tech sector, developers and designers are under pressure to create immersive experiences for their products. However, the current curricula from top institutions focus primarily on technical considerations for building VR applications, missing out on concerns and usability problems specific to VR interaction design. To better understand current needs, we examined the status quo of existing university pedagogies by carrying out a content analysis of undergraduate and graduate courses about VR and related areas offered in the major citadels of learning and conducting interviews with 7 industry experts. Our analysis reveals that the current teaching practices underemphasize design thinking, prototyping, and evaluation skills, while focusing on technical implementation. We recommend VR curricula should emphasize design principles and guidelines, offer training in prototyping and ideation, prioritize practical design exercises while providing industry insights, and encourage students to solve VR design problems beyond the classroom.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, published to CHI EA. For the associated presentation, see https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3491101.3519859&file=3491101.3519859-talk-video.mp4
Three step flow focusing enables image-based discrimination and sorting of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis cells
Creators: name: Kraus, Daniel
name: Kleiber, Andreas
name: Ehrhardt, Enrico
name: Leifheit, Matthias
name: Horbert, Peter
name: Urban, Matthias
name: Gleichmann, Nils
name: Mayer, Guenter
name: Popp, Juergen
name: Henkel, Thomas
Publisher: name: San Francisco, Ca. : PLOS
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 610

description: Label-free and gentle separation of cell stages with desired target properties from mixed stage populations are a major research task in modern biotechnological cultivation process and optimization of micro algae. The reported microfluidic sorter system (MSS) allows the subsequent investigation of separated subpopulations. The implementation of a viability preserving MSS is shown for separation of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) cells form a mixed stage population. The MSS combines a three-step flow focusing unit for aligning the cells in single file transportation mode at the center of the microfluidic channel with a pure hydrodynamic sorter structure for cell sorting. Lateral displacement of the cells into one of the two outlet channels is generated by piezo-actuated pump chambers. In-line decision making for sorting is based on a user-definable set of image features and properties. The reported MSS significantly increased the purity of target cells in the sorted population (94%) in comparison to the initial mixed stage population (19%).
Checklist for case report on Invasive micropapillary ductal breast carcinoma
Creators: name: Namugenyi, Kakia Anne Faith
name: Oladimeji, Kelechi Elizabeth
name: Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111201 Cancer Cell Biology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111203 Cancer Genetics
subject: 111202 Cancer Diagnosis
subject: 111204 Cancer Therapy (excl. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy)
subject: 111205 Chemotherapy

description: This is a care checklist on a case report of a Invasive micropapillary ductal breast carcinoma, a rare breast cancer that presented at one of the rural academic hospital in South Africa. We are providing this checklist here as directed by the journal- F1000Research.
Designing Metasurfaces to Manipulate Antenna Radiation
Creators: name: Capers, James R
name: Boyes, Stephen J
name: Hibbins, Alastair P
name: Horsley, Simon A R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Designer manipulation of light at the nanoscale is key to several next-generation technologies, from sensing to optical computing. One way to manipulate light is to design a material structured at the sub-wavelength scale, a metamaterial, to have some desired scattering effect. Metamaterials typically have a very large number of geometric parameters that can be tuned, making the design process difficult. Existing design paradigms either neglect degrees of freedom or rely on numerically expensive full-wave simulations. In this work, we derive a simple semi-analytic method for designing metamaterials built from sub-wavelength elements with electric and magnetic dipole resonances. This is relevant to several experimentally accessible regimes. To demonstrate the versatility of our method, we apply it to three problems: the manipulation of the coupling between nearby emitters, focusing a plane wave to a single point and designing a dielectric antenna with a particular radiation pattern.
Removing grazing incidence reflection with half-bound states and non-Hermitian systems
Creators: name: Patient, Dean A.
name: Horsley, Simon A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grazing incidence waves incident onto a surface will almost always be completely reflected. Here, we focus on removing reflection at grazing incidence, adopting the factorisation method from quantum mechanics and applying it to the Helmholtz equation that governs a single electromagnetic polarisation. We show that there are two approaches, the first is to require real dielectric profiles that support a half-bound state at grazing incidence. The second is to allow non-Hermitian dielectric profiles that exhibit PT symmetry, supporting waves with constant intensity throughout the profile.
Peristedion
Creators: name: Van Oijen, Martien J. P.
name: Kawai, Toshio
name: Loots, Ineke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Scorpaeniformes
Peristediidae
Peristedion

description: Synonymy of Peristedion species by other authors
Günther (1860: 219), who followed Kaup (1859) in placing Peristedion in the synonymy of Peristethus, regarded P. laticeps as a proper species, and placed P. gigas Kaup 1859 in the synonymy of P. moluccense. Günther’s short descriptions of Peristethus lasticeps and P. moluccense do not contain characters that can be used to separate these species.
De Beaufort (in De Beaufort & Briggs 1962; 121) who followed Bleeker in considering Peristedion laticeps as a junior synonym of P. moluccense, wrote that he examined the types of P moluccense and P. laticeps in the Leiden Museum. De Beaufort gives a length of 436 mm for P. moluccense. Apparently this is his measurement of the largest specimen then contained in RMNH 5793.
description: Published as part of Van Oijen, Martien J. P., Kawai, Toshio & Loots, Ineke, 2013, Putative type specimens of Satyrichthys (Scorpaeniformes: Peristediidae) in the Bleeker collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 207-214 in Zootaxa 3670 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/218679
Quantitative imaging of water, ice and air in permafrost systems through petrophysical joint inversion of seismic refraction and electrical resistivity data
Creators: name: Wagner, F.M.
name: Mollaret, C.
name: Günther, T.
name: Kemna, A.
name: Hauck, C.
Publisher: name: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)
subject: Hydrogeophysics
subject: Inverse theory
subject: Joint inversion
subject: Seismic tomography
subject: 550

description: Quantitative estimation of pore fractions filled with liquid water, ice and air is crucial for a process-based understanding of permafrost and its hazard potential upon climate-induced degradation. Geophysical methods offer opportunities to image distributions of permafrost constituents in a non-invasive manner. We present a method to jointly estimate the volumetric fractions of liquid water, ice, air and the rock matrix from seismic refraction and electrical resistivity data. Existing approaches rely on conventional inversions of both data sets and a suitable a priori estimate of the porosity distribution to transform velocity and resistivity models into estimates for the four-phase system, often leading to non-physical results. Based on two synthetic experiments and a field data set from an Alpine permafrost site (Schilthorn, Bernese Alps and Switzerland), it is demonstrated that the developed petrophysical joint inversion provides physically plausible solutions, even in the absence of prior porosity estimates. An assessment of the model covariance matrix for the coupled inverse problem reveals remaining petrophysical ambiguities, in particular between ice and rock matrix. Incorporation of petrophysical a priori information is demonstrated by penalizing ice occurrence within the first two meters of the subsurface where the measured borehole temperatures are positive. Joint inversion of the field data set reveals a shallow air-rich layer with high porosity on top of a lower-porosity subsurface with laterally varying ice and liquid water contents. Non-physical values (e.g. negative saturations) do not occur and estimated ice saturations of 0–50 per cent as well as liquid water saturations of 15–75 per cent are in agreement with the relatively warm borehole temperatures between −0.5 and 3 ° C. The presented method helps to improve quantification of water, ice and air from geophysical observations.
Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Fabricated by Environment-Friendly Chemistry
Creators: name: Gonchar, Kirill A.
name: Zubairova, Alsu A.
name: Schleusener, Alexander
name: Osminkina, Liubov A.
name: Sivakov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Environment-friendly chemistry
subject: Photoluminescence
subject: Raman scattering
subject: Silicon nanowires
subject: Total reflectance
subject: 600

description: Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) where hydrofluoric acid (HF), which is typically used in this method, was changed into ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The structure and optical properties of the obtained SiNWs were investigated in details. The length of the SiNW arrays is about 2 μm for 5 min of etching, and the mean diameter of the SiNWs is between 50 and 200 nm. The formed SiNWs demonstrate a strong decrease of the total reflectance near 5-15 % in the spectral region λ < 1 μm in comparison to crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrate. The interband photoluminescence (PL) and Raman scattering intensities increase strongly for SiNWs in comparison with the corresponding values of the c-Si substrate. These effects can be interpreted as an increase of the excitation intensity of SiNWs due to the strong light scattering and the partial light localization in an inhomogeneous optical medium. Along with the interband PL was also detected the PL of SiNWs in the spectral region of 500-1100 nm with a maximum at 750 nm, which can be explained by the radiative recombination of excitons in small Si nanocrystals at nanowire sidewalls in terms of a quantum confinement model. So SiNWs, which are fabricated by environment-friendly chemistry, have a great potential for use in photovoltaic and photonics applications.
Long-Term Retarded Release for the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib through Temperature-Sensitive Dendritic Glycopolymers as Drug Delivery System from Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement
Creators: name: Lai, Thu Hang
name: Keperscha, Bettina
name: Qiu, Xianping
name: Voit, Brigitte
name: Appelhans, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: calcium phosphate cements
subject: dendritic glycopolymers
subject: drug delivery systems
subject: proteasome inhibitors
subject: temperature-sensitive polymers
subject: 540

description: For the local treatment of bone defects, highly adaptable macromolecular architectures are still required as drug delivery system (DDS) in solid bone substitute materials. Novel DDS fabricated by host–guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin-modified dendritic glycopolymers and adamantane-modified temperature-sensitive polymers for the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZM) is presented. These DDS induce a short- and long-term (up to two weeks) retarded release of BZM from calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) in comparison to a burst release of the drug alone. Different release parameters of BZM/DDS/CPC are evaluated in phosphate buffer at 37 °C to further improve the long-term retarded release of BZM. This is achieved by increasing the amount of drug (50–100 µg) and/or DDS (100–400 µg) versus CPC (1 g), by adapting the complexes better to the porous bone cement environment, and by applying molar ratios of excess BZM toward DDS with 1:10, 1:25, and 1:100. The temperature-sensitive polymer shells of BZM/DDS complexes in CPC, which allow drug loading at room temperature but are collapsed at body temperature, support the retarding long-term release of BZM from DDS/CPC. Thus, the concept of temperature-sensitive DDS for BZM/DDS complexes in CPC works and matches key points for a local therapy of osteolytic bone lesions.
Polydopamine-Coated Paraffin Microcapsules as a Multifunctional Filler Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Performance of a Flexible Epoxy Resin
Creators: name: Fredi, Giulia
name: Zimmerer, Cordelia
name: Scheffler, Christina
name: Pegoretti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Flexible epoxy
subject: Mechanical properties
subject: Paraffin microcapsules
subject: Polydopamine
subject: Thermal management
subject: Thermal properties
subject: 620
subject: 670

description: This work focuses on flexible epoxy (EP) composites containing various amounts of neat and polydopamine (PDA)-coated paraffin microcapsules as a phase change material (PCM), which have potential applications as adhesives or flexible interfaces with thermal management capability for electronics or other high-value-added fields. After PDA modification, the surface of PDA-coated capsules (MC-PDA) becomes rough with a globular appearance, and the PDA layer enhances the adhesion with the surrounding epoxy matrix, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. PDA deposition parameters have been successfully tuned to obtain a PDA layer with a thickness of 53 ± 8 nm, and the total PDA mass in MC-PDA is only 2.2 wt %, considerably lower than previous results. This accounts for the fact that the phase change enthalpy of MC-PDA is only marginally lower than that of neat microcapsules (MC), being 221.1 J/g and 227.7 J/g, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the phase change enthalpy of the prepared composites increases with the capsule content (up to 87.8 J/g) and that the enthalpy of the composites containing MC-PDA is comparable to that of the composites with MC. Dynamic mechanical analysis evidences a decreasing step in the storage modulus of all composites at the glass transition of the EP phase, but no additional signals are detected at the PCM melting. PCM addition positively contributes to the storage modulus both at room temperature and above Tg of the EP phase, and this effect is more evident for composites containing MC-PDA. As the capsule content increases, the mechanical properties of the host EP matrix also increase in terms of elastic modulus (up to +195%), tensile strength (up to +42%), Shore D hardness (up to +36%), and creep compliance (down to −54% at 60 min). These effects are more evident for composites containing MC-PDA due to the enhanced interfacial adhesion.
TESS Experiments: Women’s College Advantage and Public Perception of College Value in the Labor Market
Creators: name: Mireles, Amanda
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) offers researchers the opportunity to capture the internal validity of experiments. Investigators submit proposals, and TESS fields successful proposals for free on a representative sample of adults in the United States. This experiment was conducted to examine whether feminization of college impacts the perception of college degree value and subsequent labor market earnings of college graduates. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of four hiring scenarios for new college graduates which varied by gender trends of degrees earned at the degree-granting four-year college (female student lead or male student lead) and applicant (Allison or Brad). A total of 2,330 respondents participated. Respondents answered questions about interviewing and hiring likelihood, salary recommendations, their perceptions of the applicant’s character and job fitness, and the importance of various personal, academic, and work record criteria in their evaluations of the candidate. This allowed for comparison of perceived applicant labor market value between gender trends in degrees awarded and applicant gender.
Coupling framework (1.0) for the PISM (1.1.4) ice sheet model and the MOM5 (5.1.0) ocean model via the PICO ice shelf cavity model in an Antarctic domain
Creators: name: Kreuzer, Moritz
name: Reese, Ronja
name: Huiskamp, Willem Nicholas
name: Petri, Stefan
name: Albrecht, Torsten
name: Feulner, Georg
name: Winkelmann, Ricarda
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 910

description: The past and future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is largely controlled by interactions between the ocean and floating ice shelves. To investigate these interactions, coupled ocean and ice sheet model configurations are required. Previous modelling studies have mostly relied on high-resolution configurations, limiting these studies to individual glaciers or regions over short timescales of decades to a few centuries. We present a framework to couple the dynamic ice sheet model PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) with the global ocean general circulation model MOM5 (Modular Ocean Model) via the ice shelf cavity model PICO (Potsdam Ice-shelf Cavity mOdel). As ice shelf cavities are not resolved by MOM5 but are parameterized with the PICO box model, the framework allows the ice sheet and ocean components to be run at resolutions of 16 km and 3∘ respectively. This approach makes the coupled configuration a useful tool for the analysis of interactions between the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the global ocean over time spans of the order of centuries to millennia. In this study, we describe the technical implementation of this coupling framework: sub-shelf melting in the ice sheet component is calculated by PICO from modelled ocean temperatures and salinities at the depth of the continental shelf, and, vice versa, the resulting mass and energy fluxes from melting at the ice–ocean interface are transferred to the ocean component. Mass and energy fluxes are shown to be conserved to machine precision across the considered component domains. The implementation is computationally efficient as it introduces only minimal overhead. Furthermore, the coupled model is evaluated in a 4000 year simulation under constant present-day climate forcing and is found to be stable with respect to the ocean and ice sheet spin-up states. The framework deals with heterogeneous spatial grid geometries, varying grid resolutions, and timescales between the ice and ocean component in a generic way; thus, it can be adopted to a wide range of model set-ups.
Consistency of the structure of Legendre transform in thermodynamics with the Kolmogorov-Nagumo average
Creators: name: Scarfone, A. M.
name: Matsuzoe, H.
name: Wada, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the robustness of the structure of Legendre transform in thermodynamics against the replacement of the standard linear average with the Kolmogorov-Nagumo nonlinear average to evaluate the expectation values of the macroscopic physical observables. The consequence of this statement is twofold: 1) the relationships between the expectation values and the corresponding Lagrange multipliers still hold in the present formalism; 2) the universality of the Gibbs equation as well as other thermodynamic relations are unaffected by the structure of the average used in the theory.
description: 15 pages, no figures, Elsart article style
Comprehensive Time Series Data Analytics for the Prediction of Solar Flares and Eruptions
Creators: name: Angryk, Rafal A.
name: Georgoulis, Manolis K.
name: Ahmadzadeh, Azim
name: Kempton, Dustin
name: Chen, Yang
name: Junzhi Wen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: We report on progress made by our Data Mining Lab at Georgia State University on the interdisciplinary research project funded by the NSF-OAC-1931555 award. We take on two main challenges hindering data-driven solar flare forecasting, which are: (1) extreme class imbalance among solar transient events, and (2) noisy “no-flare” labeling of continuous space weather data.
description: NSF Award # 1931555. Elements: Comprehensive Time Series Data Analytics for the Prediction of Solar Flares and Eruptions
MIMICS-Duo: Offline & Online Evaluation of Search Clarification
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Leila
name: Trippas, Johanne R.
name: Zamani, Hamed
name: Scholer, Falk
name: Sanderson, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68-06

description: Asking clarification questions is an active area of research; however, resources for training and evaluating search clarification methods are not sufficient. To address this issue, we describe MIMICS-Duo, a new freely available dataset of 306 search queries with multiple clarifications (a total of 1,034 query-clarification pairs). MIMICS-Duo contains fine-grained annotations on clarification questions and their candidate answers and enhances the existing MIMICS datasets by enabling multi-dimensional evaluation of search clarification methods, including online and offline evaluation. We conduct extensive analysis to demonstrate the relationship between offline and online search clarification datasets and outline several research directions enabled by MIMICS-Duo. We believe that this resource will help researchers better understand clarification in search.
description: 11 pages
Elements:AMR-H: Adaptive Multi-resolution High-order Solver for Multiphase Compressible Flows on Heterogeneous Platforms
Creators: name: Lele, Sanjiva K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Turbulence simulations, AMR, High Order, Multiphase flows

description: This is a one slide presentation for the lightning presentation at 2022 NSF-CSSI PI Meeting
description: This work is supported by NSF-OAC-2103509. Program Manager Dr. Tevfik Kosar
Simulating compound weather extremes responsible for critical crop failure with stochastic weather generators
Creators: name: Pfleiderer, Peter
name: Jézéquel, Aglaé
name: Legrand, Juliette
name: Legrix, Natacha
name: Markantonis, Iason
name: Vignotto, Edoardo
name: Yiou, Pascal
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 550

description: In 2016, northern France experienced an unprecedented wheat crop loss. The cause of this event is not yet fully understood, and none of the most used crop forecast models were able to predict the event (Ben-Ari et al., 2018). However, this extreme event was likely due to a sequence of particular meteorological conditions, i.e. too few cold days in late autumn–winter and abnormally high precipitation during the spring season. Here we focus on a compound meteorological hazard (warm winter and wet spring) that could lead to a crop loss. This work is motivated by the question of whether the 2016 meteorological conditions were the most extreme possible conditions under current climate, and what the worst-case meteorological scenario would be with respect to warm winters followed by wet springs. To answer these questions, instead of relying on computationally intensive climate model simulations, we use an analogue-based importance sampling algorithm that was recently introduced into this field of research (Yiou and Jézéquel, 2020). This algorithm is a modification of a stochastic weather generator (SWG) that gives more weight to trajectories with more extreme meteorological conditions (here temperature and precipitation). This approach is inspired by importance sampling of complex systems (Ragone et al., 2017). This data-driven technique constructs artificial weather events by combining daily observations in a dynamically realistic manner and in a relatively fast way. This paper explains how an SWG for extreme winter temperature and spring precipitation can be constructed in order to generate large samples of such extremes. We show that with some adjustments both types of weather events can be adequately simulated with SWGs, highlighting the wide applicability of the method. We find that the number of cold days in late autumn 2015 was close to the plausible minimum. However, our simulations of extreme spring precipitation show that considerably wetter springs than what was observed in 2016 are possible. Although the relation of crop loss in 2016 to climate variability is not yet fully understood, these results indicate that similar events with higher impacts could be possible in present-day climate conditions.
SI2-SSI Collaborative Research: SimCardio: Open-Source, Multiphysics Cardiac Modeling and Simulation
Creators: name: Kong, Fanwei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Cardiovascular simulations have become a crucial component of fundamental research in surgical planning, device design diagnosis, and disease mechanisms. The project team has previously developed SimVascular, which is currently the only open source software package providing a complete pipeline from medical image data segmentation to patient specific blood flow simulation and analysis in arteries and veins. The SimCardio open source project will extend and enhance the functionality of SimVascular to the realm of heart modeling, providing the first fully integrated computer model of cardiac physiology and function to study numerous diseases affecting heart function. This computer modeling software will enable researchers to build models of the heart and vascular anatomy from medical imaging data, which can be used for personalized treatment planning and medical device design, ultimately leading to new treatments for patients with cardiovascular disease.
description: Poster for the NSF CSSI PI meeting 2022; NSF award #1663671
Data-Efficient Brain Connectome Analysis via Multi-Task Meta-Learning
Creators: name: Yang, Yi
name: Zhu, Yanqiao
name: Cui, Hejie
name: Kan, Xuan
name: He, Lifang
name: Guo, Ying
name: Yang, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Brain networks characterize complex connectivities among brain regions as graph structures, which provide a powerful means to study brain connectomes. In recent years, graph neural networks have emerged as a prevalent paradigm of learning with structured data. However, most brain network datasets are limited in sample sizes due to the relatively high cost of data acquisition, which hinders the deep learning models from sufficient training. Inspired by meta-learning that learns new concepts fast with limited training examples, this paper studies data-efficient training strategies for analyzing brain connectomes in a cross-dataset setting. Specifically, we propose to meta-train the model on datasets of large sample sizes and transfer the knowledge to small datasets. In addition, we also explore two brain-network-oriented designs, including atlas transformation and adaptive task reweighing. Compared to other pre-training strategies, our meta-learning-based approach achieves higher and stabler performance, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed solutions. The framework is also able to derive new insights regarding the similarities among datasets and diseases in a data-driven fashion.
description: Accepted to KDD 2022 (Health Day), 9 pages
Graphene transfer methods: A review
Creators: name: Ullah, Sami
name: Yang, Xiaoqin
name: Ta, Huy Q.
name: Hasan, Maria
name: Bachmatiuk, Alicja
name: Tokarska, Klaudia
name: Trzebicka, Barbara
name: Fu, Lei
name: Rummeli, Mark H.
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: application-compatible substrate
subject: graphene technology
subject: high-quality transfer
subject: 540
subject: 660

description: Graphene is a material with unique properties that can be exploited in electronics, catalysis, energy, and bio-related fields. Although, for maximal utilization of this material, high-quality graphene is required at both the growth process and after transfer of the graphene film to the application-compatible substrate. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an important method for growing high-quality graphene on non-technological substrates (as, metal substrates, e.g., copper foil). Thus, there are also considerable efforts toward the efficient and non-damaging transfer of quality of graphene on to technologically relevant materials and systems. In this review article, a range of graphene current transfer techniques are reviewed from the standpoint of their impact on contamination control and structural integrity preservation of the as-produced graphene. In addition, their scalability, cost- and time-effectiveness are discussed. We summarize with a perspective on the transfer challenges, alternative options and future developments toward graphene technology.
Elements: NSCI-Software - A General and Effective B-Spline R-Matrix Package for Charged-Particle and Photon Collisions with Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Creators: name: Bartschat, Klaus
name: Zatsarinny, Oleg
name: Finger, Keegan
name: Hamilton, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This project concerns the development and subsequent distribution of a suite of computer codes that can accurately describe the interaction of charged particles (mostly electrons) and light (mostly lasers and synchrotrons) with atoms and ions. The results are of importance for the understanding of fundamental collision dynamics, and they also fulfil the urgent practical need for accurate atomic data to model the physics of stars, plasmas, lasers, and planetary atmospheres. With the rapid advances currently seen in computational resources, such studies can now be conducted for realistic systems. In particular, it has become possible to describe very complex targets, such as transition metals and other open-shell systems. The source code resulting from this project will be made publicly available. A website devoted to user-developer interaction will be developed and maintained together with the necessary code documentation and training materials.
Adaptive Multi-resolution High-order Solver for Multiphase Compressible Flows on Heterogeneous Platforms
Creators: name: Lele, Sanjiva K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Turbulence simulations, AMR, High Order scheme, Multiphase flow

description: This is poster for the 2022 NSF-CSSI PI Meeting
description: This work is supported by NSF-OAC-2103509. It is for the Poster session at the 2022 NSF CSSI PI Meeting
Unlearning Protected User Attributes in Recommendations with Adversarial Training
Creators: name: Ganhör, Christian
name: Penz, David
name: Rekabsaz, Navid
name: Lesota, Oleg
name: Schedl, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Collaborative filtering algorithms capture underlying consumption patterns, including the ones specific to particular demographics or protected information of users, e.g. gender, race, and location. These encoded biases can influence the decision of a recommendation system (RS) towards further separation of the contents provided to various demographic subgroups, and raise privacy concerns regarding the disclosure of users' protected attributes. In this work, we investigate the possibility and challenges of removing specific protected information of users from the learned interaction representations of a RS algorithm, while maintaining its effectiveness. Specifically, we incorporate adversarial training into the state-of-the-art MultVAE architecture, resulting in a novel model, Adversarial Variational Auto-Encoder with Multinomial Likelihood (Adv-MultVAE), which aims at removing the implicit information of protected attributes while preserving recommendation performance. We conduct experiments on the MovieLens-1M and LFM-2b-DemoBias datasets, and evaluate the effectiveness of the bias mitigation method based on the inability of external attackers in revealing the users' gender information from the model. Comparing with baseline MultVAE, the results show that Adv-MultVAE, with marginal deterioration in performance (w.r.t. NDCG and recall), largely mitigates inherent biases in the model on both datasets.
description: Accepted at SIGIR 2022
Heat accumulation during femtosecond laser treatment at high repetition rate – A morphological, chemical and crystallographic characterization of self-organized structures on Ti6Al4V
Creators: name: Schnell, Georg
name: Lund, Henrik
name: Bartling, Stephan
name: Polley, Christian
name: Riaz, Abdullah
name: Senz, Volkmar
name: Springer, Armin
name: Seitz, Hermann
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Heat accumulation
subject: Heat-affected zone
subject: Scanning strategies
subject: Self-organized nano- and microstructures
subject: Titanium
subject: 530
subject: 660
subject: 670

description: This study presents a detailed characterization of self-organized nano- and microstructures on Ti6Al4V evoked by different scanning strategies and fluences with a 300 fs laser operating at a laser wavelength of 1030 nm. The resulting surface morphology was visualized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) images of the surface and cross-sections. X-ray diffraction (XRD)-analysis was performed to analyse changes in crystal structures. The chemical surface composition of the near-surface layer was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show a significant influence of heat accumulation while processing with high laser repetition rates on the formation, crystallinity and chemical composition of self-organized structures depending on the scanning strategy. The ablation with different laser scanning strategies led to varying dynamics of growth-mechanisms of self-organized structures, formation of intermetallic phases (Ti3Al), sub-oxides and oxides (Ti6O, TiO) as well as ions (Ti3+, Ti4+) in surface layer reliant on applied fluence. Furthermore, investigations revealed a heat-affected zone up to several micrometers in non-ablated material. © 2021 The Authors