cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sleuthing out exotic quantum spin liquidity in the pyrochlore magnet Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Anish
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Yan, Han
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Nevidomskyy, Andriy H.
name: Changlani, Hitesh J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for quantum spin liquids (QSL) -- topological magnets with fractionalized excitations -- has been a central theme in condensed matter and materials physics. While theories are no longer in short supply, tracking down materials has turned out to be remarkably tricky, in large part because of the difficulty to diagnose experimentally a state with only topological, rather than conventional, forms of order. Pyrochlore systems have proven particularly promising, hosting a classical Coulomb phase in the spin ices Dy/Ho$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$, with subsequent proposals of candidate QSLs in other pyrochlores. Connecting experiment with detailed theory exhibiting a robust QSL has remained a central challenge. Here, focusing on the strongly spin-orbit coupled effective $S=1/2$ pyrochlore Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$, we analyse recent thermodynamic and neutron scattering experiments, to identify a microscopic effective Hamiltonian through a combination of finite temperature Lanczos, Monte Carlo and analytical spin dynamics calculations. Its parameter values suggest a previously unobserved exotic phase, a $π$-flux U(1) QSL. Intriguingly, the octupolar nature of the moments makes them less prone to be affected by crystal imperfections or magnetic impurities, while also hiding some otherwise characteristic signatures from neutrons, making this QSL arguably more stable than its more conventional counterparts.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material consists of 8+ pages, 6 figures and 1 table
Schrödinger operators on Lie groups with purely discrete spectrum
Creators: name: Bruno, Tommaso
name: Calzi, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E30, 35J10, 58J50 (Primary) 47A10, 35R03 (Secondary)

description: On a Lie group $G$, we investigate the discreteness of the spectrum of Schrödinger operators of the form $\mathcal{L} +V$, where $\mathcal{L}$ is a subelliptic sub-Laplacian on $G$ and the potential $V$ is a locally integrable function which is bounded from below. We prove general necessary and sufficient conditions for arbitrary potentials, and we obtain explicit characterizations when $V$ is a polynomial on $G$ or belongs to a local Muckenhoupt class. We finally discuss how to transfer our results to weighted sub-Laplacians on $G$.
description: 32 pages
Distinct Functional Alterations and Therapeutic Options of Two Pathological De Novo Variants of the T292 Residue of GABRA1 Identified in Children with Epileptic Encephalopathy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Creators: name: Chen, Wenlin
name: Ge, Yang
name: Lu, Jie
name: Melo, Joshua
name: So, Yee Wah
name: Juneja, Romi
name: Liu, Lidong
name: Wang, Yu Tian
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: Mutations of GABAAR have reportedly led to epileptic encephalopathy and neurodevelopmental disorders. We have identified a novel de novo T292S missense variant of GABRA1 from a pediatric patient with grievous global developmental delay but without obvious epileptic activity. This mutation coincidentally occurs at the same residue as that of a previously reported GABRA1 variant T292I identified from a pediatric patient with severe epilepsy. The distinct phenotypes of these two patients prompted us to compare the impacts of the two mutants on the receptor function and to search for suitable therapeutics. In this study, we used biochemical techniques and patch-clamp recordings in HEK293 cells overexpressing either wild-type or mutated rat recombinant GABAARs. We found that the α1T292S variant significantly increased GABA-evoked whole-cell currents, shifting the dose–response curve to the left without altering the maximal response. In contrast, the α1T292I variant significantly reduced GABA-evoked currents, shifting the dose–response curve to the right with a severely diminished maximum response. Single-channel recordings further revealed that the α1T292S variant increased, while the α1T292I variant decreased the GABAAR single-channel open time and open probability. Importantly, we found that the T292S mutation-induced increase in GABAAR function could be fully normalized by the negative GABAAR modulator thiocolchicoside, whereas the T292I mutation-induced impairment of GABAAR function was largely rescued with a combination of the GABAAR positive modulators diazepam and verapamil. Our study demonstrated that α1T292 is a critical residue for controlling GABAAR channel gating, and mutations at this residue may produce opposite impacts on the function of the receptors. Thus, the present work highlights the importance of functionally characterizing each individual GABAAR mutation for ensuring precision medicine.
Sonithometa Prozorov, Yakovlev, Saldaitis, Sulak, Prozorova, Volkova, Lamah, Petrányi, Revay & Müller, 2024, gen. n.
Creators: name: Prozorov, Alexey M.
name: Yakovlev, Roman V.
name: Saldaitis, Aidas
name: Sulak, Harald
name: Prozorova, Tatiana A.
name: Volkova, Julia S.
name: Lamah, Simon Pierre
name: Petrányi, Gergely
name: Revay, Edita E.
name: Müller, Günter C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Lasiocampidae
Sonithometa

description: Sonithometa gen. n.
https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 94CA57B8-4A4B-409C-AD94-1E497704D126
(Figs 3, 8)
 Type species: Sonithometa maurice sp. n., by present designation.
 Description. See below.
 Diagnosis. Resembles adults of Opisthoheza and Nirbiana. Differs from Opisthoheza (Figs 5– 7) by undivided cucullus, developed elongated sacculus, and missing extensions of juxta (Fig. 8); and from Nirbiana (Fig. 9) by developed sacculus, missing extensions of juxta, bilobed saccus, longer c-shaped aedeagus, smaller vesica, and eight sternite with more dents along distal margin and developed apodemes (Fig. 8).
 Etymology. Name composed of the name Sonitha Zolotuhin & Prozorov, 2010 and ending - meta which occurs in numerous Lasiocampidae genera.
description: Published as part of Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Sulak, Harald, Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Lamah, Simon Pierre, Petrányi, Gergely, Revay, Edita E. & Müller, Günter C., 2024, New Afrotropical Opisthoheza siniaevi and Sonithometa maurice (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae, Gastropachini), pp. 158-166 in Ecologica Montenegrina 72 on page 163, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.72.15, http://zenodo.org/record/13249057
Dark Radiation and the Hagedorn Phase
Creators: name: Frey, Andrew R.
name: Mahanta, Ratul
name: Maharana, Anshuman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that if the sector associated with the Standard Model degrees of freedom entered an open string Hagedorn phase in the early universe while the dark radiation sector was not part of this plasma, then this can lead to low values of the observable $ΔN_{\text{eff}}$ (number of additional neutrinolike species) from the dark radiation. For explicit analysis, we focus on warped string compactifications with the Standard Model degrees of freedom at the bottom of a warped throat. If the Hubble scale during inflation is above the warped string scale associated with the throat, then the Standard Model sector will enter the Hagedorn phase. In this scenario, bulk axions are no longer dangerous from the point of view of dark radiation. While this article focuses on warped compactifications, the basic idea can be relevant to any scenario where the early universe entered a Hagedorn phase.
description: v2. 7pp double-columned, somewhat improved discussion, minor clarifications, matches published version up to typography/formatting
Supplementary document for All-fiber gas Raman laser oscillator - 5455269.pdf
Creators: name: Li, Hao
name: Huang, Wei
name: Pei, Wenxi
name: Zhou, Zhiyue
name: Chui, Yulong
name: Wang, Meng
name: Wang, Zefeng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The parameter settings of arc discharge fusion splicer
Asynaptini Enderlein 1920
Creators: name: Fedotova, Zoya A.
name: Vasilenko, Dmitry V.
name: Perkovsky, Evgeny E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae

description: Tribe Asynaptini Enderlein, 1920   Remarks. Recently the diagnosis of the tribe Asynaptini was revised following analysis of the monotypic genus Guyasutomyia Plakidas, 2023 (Plakidas 2023). We update this by including the following characters of the female of Vladimiretskia nathani Fedotova et Perkovsky, gen. et sp. nov. described below. These include: eyes holoptic, almost completely covering the head without an eye bridge (figs 2 a, 3 i); antennae with 16 flagellomeres that possess a short neck and circumfilar sensoria (figs 1 a, 3 b, c); very short mouth parts and palpi; a wide head, unsclerotized costal cell, short straight vein R 5 not reaching wing apex; simple CuA and M 4; and the absence of r-m (figs 1 a, 3 a). The female abdomen is telescopic from segments 6–8, with an immobile 9th segment. The cerci are separate with 3-segmented dorsal lamellae (figs 1 a, e).
Previously, the collective tribe Asynaptini (167 species, 18 genera), was not divided into subtribes (Panelius 1965; Parnell 1971; Fedotova & Sidorenko 2007; Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013, 2023; Gagné & Jaschhof 2021; Plakidas 2023).
 Asynaptini genera are extremely diverse in eye shape, width of the ocular bridge, the structure of palpi, wing venation, and male and female genitalia. However, all genera of Asynaptini have an increased number of flagellomeres (more than 14), a characteristic bend of rs, have the crossvein r-m, the curved R 5 fuses with C before or behind the wing apex, and CuA and M 4 are present, simple, well-developed, and reach the edge of the wing.
Female Asynaptini are little known. Most species were collected in various traps, and as females of closely related species and genera are very similar, species have been described primarily by males if the adults were not reared from larvae.
description: Published as part of Fedotova, Zoya A., Vasilenko, Dmitry V. & Perkovsky, Evgeny E., 2024, Vladimiretskia nathani gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae: Porricondylinae, Asynaptini, Vladimiretskiana subtr. nov.) from Eocene Rovno amber with description of their eggs, pp. 146-157 in Ecologica Montenegrina 72 on page 148, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.72.14, http://zenodo.org/record/13249067
The Stoop-Squat-Index: a simple but powerful measure for quantifying lifting behavior
Creators: name: Schmid, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The widely held belief that squat lifting should be preferred over stoop lifting to prevent back injury is increasingly being challenged by recent biomechanical evidence. However, most of these studies only focus on very localized parameters such as lumbar spine flexion, while evaluations of whole-body lifting strategies are largely lacking. For this reason, a novel index, the Stoop-Squat-Index, was developed, which describes the proportion between trunk forward lean and lower extremity joint flexion, with possible values ranging from 0 (full squat lifting) to 100 (full stoop lifting). To enable the interpretation of the index in a real-life setting, normative values were established using motion capture data from 30 healthy pain-free individuals that were collected in the context of a previous study. The results showed mean index values of lower than 30 and higher than 90 for the most relevant phases of the squat and stoop movements, respectively, with mean index values differing significantly from each other for the full duration of the lifting phases. The main advantages of the index are that it is simple to calculate and can not only be derived from motion capture data but also from conventional video recordings, which enables large-scale in-field measurements with relatively low expenditure. When used in combination with lumbar spine flexion measurements, the index can contribute important information, which is necessary for comprehensively evaluating whole-body lifting strategies and to shed more light on the debate over the connection between lifting posture and back complaints.
Pediatric Automatic Sleep Staging: A comparative study of state-of-the-art deep learning methods
Creators: name: Phan, Huy
name: Mertins, Alfred
name: Baumert, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Despite the tremendous progress recently made towards automatic sleep staging in adults, it is currently unknown if the most advanced algorithms generalize to the pediatric population, which displays distinctive characteristics in overnight polysomnography (PSG). Methods: To answer the question, in this work, we conduct a large-scale comparative study on the state-of-the-art deep learning methods for pediatric automatic sleep staging. Six different deep neural networks with diverging features are adopted to evaluate a sample of more than 1,200 children across a wide spectrum of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. Results: Our experimental results show that the individual performance of automated pediatric sleep stagers when evaluated on new subjects is equivalent to the expert-level one reported on adults. Combining the six stagers into ensemble models further boosts the staging accuracy, reaching an overall accuracy of 88.8%, a Cohen's kappa of 0.852, and a macro F1-score of 85.8%. At the same time, the ensemble models lead to reduced predictive uncertainty. The results also show that the studied algorithms and their ensembles are robust to concept drift when the training and test data were recorded seven months apart and after clinical intervention. Conclusion: However, we show that the improvements in the staging performance are not necessarily clinically significant although the ensemble models lead to more favorable clinical measures than the six standalone models. Significance: Detailed analyses further demonstrate "almost perfect" agreement between the automatic stagers to one another and their similar patterns on the staging errors, suggesting little room for improvement.
description: This article has been published in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Stylocephalus gigas Filipponi 1949
Creators: name: Nazimov, Serhii
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Miozoa
Eugregarinida
Stylocephalidae
Stylocephalus
Stylocephalus gigas

description: Stylocephalus gigas Filipponi, 1949 (Fig. 1)
 Hosts: Blaps lethifera Marsham, 1802; Asida lutosa Solier, 1836; Opatrum sabulosum (Linnaeus, 1760).
 Habitat: intestine.
 Description: Protomerite rounded, slightly flattened. Deutomerite is long, widest at the point of contact with protomerite. It ends in a blunt cone. The nucleus is ellipsoidal and contains several relatively small caryosomes. The ratio of the protomerite length to the total length of the gamont can vary from 1:9 to 1:18 or more. Morphological traits of gamonts are presented in Table 2.
 Extensiveness and intensity of infestation: The average extensiveness of infestation by this species of gregarines was 26.4% for A. lutosa, 18.5% for B. lethifera, and 7.4% for O. sabulosum. The maximum number of gamonts per host individual was 13 for B. lethifera, 2 for A. lutosa, and 2 for O. sabulosum.
 Literature records: Morphology features were provided by Corbel (1971) and Filipponi (1949). Recorded in Blaps gigas, B. similis, B. lethifera and B. mucronata.
 General distribution: Italy, France (Geus 1969; Corbel 1971).
description: Published as part of Nazimov, Serhii, 2024, Gregarines of mass species of darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) of Ukraine, pp. 26-38 in Ecologica Montenegrina 73 on page 32, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13249124
Multi-strand Reconstruction from Substrings
Creators: name: Yehezkeally, Yonatan
name: Marcovich, Sagi
name: Yaakobi, Eitan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of string reconstruction based on its substrings spectrum has received significant attention recently due to its applicability to DNA data storage and sequencing. In contrast to previous works, we consider in this paper a setup of this problem where multiple strings are reconstructed together. Given a multiset $S$ of strings, all their substrings of some fixed length $\ell$, defined as the $\ell$-profile of $S$, are received and the goal is to reconstruct all strings in $S$. A multi-strand $\ell$-reconstruction code is a set of multisets such that every element $S$ can be reconstructed from its $\ell$-profile. Given the number of strings~$k$ and their length~$n$, we first find a lower bound on the value of $\ell$ necessary for existence of multi-strand $\ell$-reconstruction codes with non-vanishing asymptotic rate. We then present two constructions of such codes and show that their rates approach~$1$ for values of $\ell$ that asymptotically behave like the lower bound.
description: 5 pages + 1 reference page. Version accepted for presentation at ITW2021
From Stoop to Squat: A comprehensive analysis of lumbar loading among different lifting styles
Creators: name: von Arx, Michael
name: Liechti, Melanie
name: Connolly, Lukas
name: Bangerter, Christian
name: Meier, Michael L.
name: Schmid, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Lifting up objects from the floor has been identified as a risk factor for low back pain, whereby a flexed spine during lifting is often associated with producing higher loads in the lumbar spine. Even though recent biomechanical studies challenge these assumptions, conclusive evidence is still lacking. This study therefore aimed at comparing lumbar loads among different lifting styles using a comprehensive state-of-the-art motion capture-driven musculoskeletal modeling approach. Thirty healthy pain-free individuals were enrolled in this study and asked to repetitively lift a 15 kg-box by applying 1) a freestyle, 2) a squat and 3) a stoop lifting technique. Whole-body kinematics were recorded using an optical motion capture system and used to drive a full-body musculoskeletal model including a detailed thoracolumbar spine. Compressive, shear and total loads were calculated based on a static optimization approach and expressed as factor body weight (BW). In addition, lumbar lordosis angles and total lifting time were calculated. All parameters were compared among the lifting styles using a repeated measures design. For all lumbar segments, stoop lifting showed significantly lower compressive and total loads (-0.3 to -1.0BW) when compared to freestyle and squat lifting. Stoop lifting produced higher shear loads (+0.1 to +0.8BW) in the segments T12/L1 to L4/L5, but lower loads in L5/S1 (-0.2 to -0.4BW). Peak compressive and total loads during squat lifting occurred approximately 30% earlier in the lifting cycle compared to stoop lifting. Stoop lifting showed larger lumbar lordosis range of motion (35.9+/-10.1°) than freestyle (24.2+/-7.3°) and squat (25.1+/-8.2°) lifting. Lifting time differed significantly with freestyle being executed the fastest (4.6+/-0.7s), followed by squat (4.9+/-0.7s) and stoop (5.9+/-1.1s).
Sizing from the Smallest Scales: The Mass of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Wimberly, M. K. Rodriguez
name: Cooper, M. C.
name: Baxter, D. C.
name: Boylan-Kolchin, M.
name: Bullock, J. S.
name: Fillingham, S. P.
name: Ji, A. P.
name: Sales, L. V.
name: Simon, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the Milky Way and its satellite system become more entrenched in near field cosmology efforts, the need for an accurate mass estimate of the Milky Way's dark matter halo is increasingly critical. With the second and early third data releases of stellar proper motions from {\it Gaia}, several groups calculated full $6$D phase-space information for the population of Milky Way satellite galaxies. Utilizing these data in comparison to subhalo properties drawn from the Phat ELVIS simulations, we constrain the Milky Way dark matter halo mass to be $\sim 1-1.2\times10^{12}~\msun$. We find that the kinematics of subhalos drawn from more- or less-massive hosts (i.e. $>1.2\times10^{12}~\msun$ or $<10^{12}~\msun$) are inconsistent, at the $3σ$ confidence level, with the observed velocities of the Milky Way satellites. The preferred host halo mass for the Milky Way is largely insensitive to the exclusion of systems associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud, changes in galaxy formation thresholds, and variations in observational completeness. As more Milky Way satellites are discovered, their velocities (radial, tangential, and total) plus Galactocentric distances will provide further insight into the mass of the Milky Way dark matter halo.
description: Key Figures: 4 and 5; 15 pages; 8 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS 3 May 2022
Hypergraph assortativity: a dynamical systems perspective
Creators: name: Landry, Nicholas W.
name: Restrepo, Juan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The largest eigenvalue of the matrix describing a network's contact structure is often important in predicting the behavior of dynamical processes. We extend this notion to hypergraphs and motivate the importance of an analogous eigenvalue, the expansion eigenvalue, for hypergraph dynamical processes. Using a mean-field approach, we derive an approximation to the expansion eigenvalue in terms of the degree sequence for uncorrelated hypergraphs. We introduce a generative model for hypergraphs that includes degree assortativity, and use a perturbation approach to derive an approximation to the expansion eigenvalue for assortative hypergraphs. We define the dynamical assortativity, a dynamically sensible definition of assortativity for uniform hypergraphs, and describe how reducing the dynamical assortativity of hypergraphs through preferential rewiring can extinguish epidemics. We validate our results with both synthetic and empirical datasets.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Fast MATLAB evaluation of nonlinear energies using FEM in 2D and 3D: nodal elements
Creators: name: Moskovka, Alexej
name: Valdman, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nonlinear energy functionals appearing in the calculus of variations can be discretized by the finite element (FE) method and formulated as a sum of energy contributions from local elements. A fast evaluation of energy functionals containing the first order gradient terms is a central part of this contribution. We describe a vectorized implementation using the simplest linear nodal (P1) elements in which all energy contributions are evaluated all at once without the loop over triangular or tetrahedral elements. Furthermore, in connection to the first-order optimization methods, the discrete gradient of energy functional is assembled in a way that the gradient components are evaluated over all degrees of freedom all at once. The key ingredient is the vectorization of exact or approximate energy gradients over nodal patches. It leads to a time-efficient implementation at higher memory-cost. Provided codes in MATLAB related to 2D/3D hyperelasticity and 2D p-Laplacian problem are available for download and structured in a way it can be easily extended to other types of vector or scalar forms of energies.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures Before the article was published, some minor changes were applied based on the reviewers' comments
Spatio-temporal Evolution Dynamics of Ultrashort Laguerre-Gauss Vortices in a Dispersive and Nonlinear Medium
Creators: name: Singh, Shakti
name: Mishra, AKhilesh Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The additional degree of freedom as introduced by the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has revolutionized the various technological applications. Optical pulses with OAM have applications in the generation of twisted attosecond pulses, ultrafast spectroscopy, telecommunication, high harmonic generation and in many other areas of physics as well. In this paper, we present a numerical investigation of the propagation dynamics of ultrashort Laguerre Gauss (LG) vortices using nonlinear envelope equation (NEE) in a dispersive and nonlinear medium. Asymmetric splitting of ultrashort LG vortices in time at its bright caustic are observed above a certain pulse power. The asymmetric splitting owes its origin to spacetime focussing. We also observe that spatial evolution at pulse center (t=0 in pulse frame) and temporal evolution at bright caustic of the ultrashort LG vortex are quite similar. In the spectral domain, oscillatory structures are formed and above a certain peak power, we observe the generation of new frequency components with more intense lower frequency components.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
The stuff of miracles : materialising English bishop saints’ shrines in the twelfth to sixteenth centuries
Creators: name: Proud, Molly Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: Miracle-working cults
Pilgrim souvenirs
Tomb shrine
Beeswax votives
Episcopal saints
St Thomas Becket
St William Fitzherbert
Bishop Edmund Lacy
Medieval
England

description: Between the twelfth to sixteenth centuries, new episcopal saints and their miracle-working cults emerged across England as direct responses to St Thomas Becket’s murder and canonisation in Canterbury Cathedral. While each church used hagiographies and miracle accounts to legitimise their saints’ divinity, they also relied on objects, specially made and promoted for pilgrims’ physical engagement, to make those holy reputations material too. In this dissertation, I examine St Thomas Becket’s Canterbury Cathedral pilgrim souvenirs, St William Fitzherbert’s York Minster tomb shrine, and Bishop Edmund Lacy’s beeswax votives, comparing and contrasting their function within their respective cults’ establishment, miracle work, and growth. Whether inspired by St Thomas Becket’s cult success or fashioned in direct competition with it, each of these saints’ cults relied on material objects other than their relics to encourage pilgrim belief in their holy legitimacy and power to heal. I argue that these objects, previously overlooked as inert and secondary shrine ephemera, were instrumental to their related saint’s emergence and their perceived divinity’s foundation and development. I achieve this via three interdisciplinary case studies examining how each object’s cult promotion, historic inspirations, materials, designs, religious symbolism, monetary value, miraculous functions, and communal reception shaped pilgrim belief in and interaction with their respective saints and their miracle working cults. Where primary source evidence is lacking, I also draw comparisons throughout with other contemporaneous English or continental shrines and their cult objects. Via a combination of visual, use-wear, historic, textual, economic, and anthropological analysis, I present a new perspective on the multivalent ways pilgrim souvenirs, tombs, and wax votives supported saints’ production and miracles in the middle ages. I also a uncover a new, material story for how Canterbury, York and Exeter’s episcopal saint’s and their cults emerged and grew in relation to each other too.
Front row seat: The role MMI assessors play in widening access to medical school
Creators: name: Melro, Carolyn M.
name: Pack, Rachael
name: MacLeod, Anna
name: Rideout, Andrea
name: Watson-Creed, Gaynor
name: Burm, Sarah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: While many medical schools utilize the Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) to help select a diverse student body, we know little about MMI assessors’ roles. Do MMI assessors carry unique insights on widening access (WA) to medical school? Herein we discuss the hidden expertise and insights that assessors contribute to the conversation around WA. Ten MMI assessors (1-10 years’ experience) participated in semi-structured interviews exploring factors influencing equitable medical school recruitment. Given their thoughtfulness during initial interviews, we invited them for follow-up interviews to gain further insight into their perceived role in WA. Fourteen interviews were conducted and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Assessors expressed concerns with diversity in medicine; dissatisfaction with the status quo fueled their contributions to the selection process. Assessors advocated for greater diversity among the assessor pool, citing benefits for all students, not only those from underrepresented groups. They noted that good intentions were not enough and that medical schools can do more to include underrepresented groups’ perspectives in the admissions process. Our analysis reveals that MMI assessors are committed to WA and make thoughtful contributions to the selection process. A medical school selection process, inclusive of assessors’ expertise is an important step in WA.
Case-based MCQ generator: A custom ChatGPT based on published prompts in the literature for automatic item generation
Creators: name: Kıyak, Yavuz Selim
name: Kononowicz, Andrzej A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: A fundamental challenge in medical education is creating high-quality, clinically relevant multiple-choice questions (MCQs). ChatGPT-based automatic item generation (AIG) methods need well-designed prompts. However, the use of these prompts is hindered by the time-consuming process of copying and pasting, a lack of know-how among medical teachers, and the generalist nature of standard ChatGPT, which often lacks the medical context. The Case-based MCQ Generator, a custom GPT, addresses these challenges. It has been trained by using GPT Builder, which is a platform designed by OpenAI for customizing ChatGPT to meet specific needs, in order to allow users to generate case-based MCQs. By using this free tool for those who have ChatGPT Plus subscription, health professions educators can easily select a prompt, input a learning objective or item-specific test point, and generate clinically relevant questions. It enhances the efficiency of MCQ generation and ensures the generation of contextually relevant questions, surpassing the capabilities of standard ChatGPT. It streamlines the MCQ creation process by integrating prompts published in medical education literature, eliminating the need for manual prompt input. Future development aims at sustainability and addressing ethical and accessibility issues. It requires regular updates, integration of new prompts from emerging health professions education literature, and a supportive digital ecosystem around the tool. Accessibility, especially for educators in low-resource countries, is vital, demanding alternative access models to overcome financial barriers.
title: Impact of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated CD73 knockout in pancreatic cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Jinping
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: DDC Classification::6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften :: 61 Medizin und Gesundheit :: 617 Chirurgie und verwandte medizinische Fachrichtungen

description: Background and objectives: Pancreatic cancer is one of the cancers with the highest mortality rate, because it’s early clinical symptoms are not obvious. Most patients are already in advanced stages of cancer when diagnosed, thus losing the chance of surgical treatment. Immunotherapy combined with conventional treatment can be an essential tool to improve patient survival and the identification of immune targets is a top priority for current research. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has been gaining attention, and more and more immune checkpoints have been discovered, among which CD73 is one of the most popular ones. The aim of this study is to investigate the specific role of CD73 in pancreatic cancer and the genes that may regulate CD73. Methods: We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out CD73 in pancreatic cancer and determined the effect of CD73 deletion on pancreatic cancer by various in vitro cell function assays. Next we identified targets regulating CD73 in pancreatic cancer by CRISPR/Cas9 protein kinase library screening. We also enhanced the screening by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to identify populations expressing high and low CD73 expression levels. DNA was extracted for deep sequencing to identify candidate genes. Results: We validate that CD73 expression is increased in pancreatic cancer and that knockout of CD73 inhibits cell proliferation and migration and blocks the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We also found that the deletion of CD73 inhibited the ERK/STAT3 pathway and activated the E-cadherin pathway. Loss of Pbk, Fastk, Cdk19, Adck5, Trim28, or Pfkp might be genes regulating CD73 in pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: Knockout of CD73 in pancreatic cancer inhibits tumor proliferation and migration through the ERK/STAT3 pathway, while E-cadherin may also be involved. CRISPR/Cas9 protein kinase library deletion combined with flow cytometry screening can be used to identify critical genes regulating CD73.
Study of γ-rays, pair production, and high harmonic generation in ultra-intense laser-plasma interactions
Creators: name: Chintalwad, Sachin Narayanrao
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In this thesis, we delve into the production of x-rays, γ-rays, and electron-positron pairs in plasma through particle-in-cell simulations. Our investigations revolve around γ-ray emissions in laser-solid interactions involving different target shapes and laser conditions. To enhance laser absorption by electrons and γ-rays, we propose a compact target structure scheme, which aids in improving laser conversion efficiency. We also examine the laser energy’s influence on the energy of γ-rays and pair production. We discover that bremsstrahlung is the dominant process for γ-ray emissions in high Z materials. In contrast, NCS prevails in low Z materials.
Same sign trilepton as signature of charged Higgs in two Higgs doublet model
Creators: name: Mondal, Tanmoy
name: Sanyal, Prasenjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explored the prospect of looking for a fermiophobic charged Higgs ($\hpm$) via the same sign trilepton signal at the LHC. A fermiophobic scenario appears in the type-I two Higgs doublet model where the coupling of the $\hpm$ with the Standard Model fermions is inversely proportional to $\tb$. Almost all the experimental searches rely on the fermionic production and decay of the charged Higgs. Consequently, the limit on $\hpm$ for fermiophobic scenarios is non-existent unless $\tb$ is small. We show that for a fermiophobic case, the electroweak production of $\hpm$ is dominant for most of the parameter space. Subsequent bosonic decay of the charged and neutral Higgses give rise to the same sign trilepton signal. With a thorough phenomenological analysis, we demonstrate that the same sign trilepton signal can be an excellent complementary search to explore the high $\tb$ regions.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Centering equity in a longitudinal health systems science curricula
Creators: name: Roy, Micaela
name: Lee, Rita S.
name: Furfari, Kristin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Health inequity impedes care at every level of the health care system. Despite this, health equity is not the foundation for most health systems science (HSS) curricula. We reframed our HSS curricula to focus on health equity. We integrated equity concepts into all HSS content areas. First-year content emphasizes structural competency and is delivered through didactics, discussions, interprofessional education, panels, and service-learning requirements. Second-year content applies HSS principles in the clinical space through direct patient care and assignments. Third- and fourth-year content focuses on HSS advocacy and leadership. It is crucial to center health equity in medical curricula to improve patient outcomes. Proper faculty development, non-judgmental discussions, and integration with clinical and medical sciences are critical to successful implementation. We will address feedback, emphasize relevance to patients and populations, and refine outcome measures.
Global Phase Diagram of the Normal State of Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Wagner, Glenn
name: Kwan, Yves H.
name: Bultinck, Nick
name: Simon, Steven H.
name: Parameswaran, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the full doping and strain-dependent phase diagram of the normal state of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). Using comprehensive Hartree-Fock calculations, we show that at temperatures where superconductivity is absent the global phase structure can be understood based on the competition and coexistence between three types of intertwined orders: a fully symmetric phase, spatially uniform flavor-symmetry-breaking states, and an incommensurate Kekulé spiral (IKS) order. For small strain, the IKS phase, recently proposed as a candidate order at all non-zero integer fillings of the moiré unit cell, is found to be ubiquitous for non-integer doping as well. We demonstrate that the corresponding electronic compressibility and Fermi surface structure are consistent with the 'cascade' physics and Landau fans observed experimentally. This suggests a unified picture of the phase diagram of TBG in terms of IKS order.
description: 4+3 pages main text, 6 pages supplement (2 figures main text, 10 figures supplement), accepted version
Assessing Trade-Offs and Optimal Ranges of Density for Life Expectancy and 12 Causes of Mortality in Metro Vancouver, Canada, 1990–2016
Creators: name: Yu, Jessica
name: Gustafson, Paul, 1968-
name: Tran, Martino, 1975-
name: Brauer, Michael (Of University Of British Columbia)
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: Background: Understanding and managing the impacts of population growth and densification are important steps for sustainable development. This study sought to evaluate the health trade-offs associated with increasing densification and to identify the optimal balance of neighbourhood densification for health. Methods: We linked population density with a 27-year mortality dataset in Metro Vancouver that includes census-tract levels of life expectancy (LE), cause-specific mortalities, and area-level deprivation. We applied two methods: (1) difference-in-differences (DID) models to study the impacts of densification changes from the early 1990s on changes in mortality over a 27-year period; and (2) smoothed cubic splines to identify thresholds of densification at which mortality rates accelerated. Results: At densities above ~9400 persons per km², LE began to decrease more rapidly. By cause, densification was linked to decreased mortality for major causes of mortality in the region, such as cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes. Greater inequality with increasing density was observed for causes such as human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), sexually transmitted infections, and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Conclusions: Areas with higher population densities generally have lower rates of mortality from the major causes, but these environments are also associated with higher relative inequality from largely preventable causes of death.
European Defense Integration after Trump's Re-Election: A Proposal to Revive the European  Defense Community Treaty and its Legal Feasibility
Creators: name: Fabbrini, Federico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Donald Trump’s re-election as President of the United States and Russia’s aggression of Ukraine pose unprecedented challenges to transatlantic relations and European security, as the EU is unprepared to take care of its defense. This paper explores how the law can be activated creatively to achieve defense integration in Europe and proposes to revive the 1952 European Defence Community (EDC) Treaty. Specifically, the paper claims that, in strictly legal terms, the EDC can be brought into operation today – simply with the ratification by 2 states: France and Italy – and provides comprehensive arguments from public international law, comparative law, and domestic constitutional law to make the point. Needless to say, legal feasibility does not equate with political feasibility, and the paper mentions several of the obstacles and challenges along this path. Yet, shedding light the EDC has two advantages. On the one and, the paper emphasizes how the EDC – with a common army, funded by a common budget and governed by supranational institutions – constituted an articulated response to the problem of securing European security, superior to the current CFSP framework. On the other, it identifies a differentiated path to achieve greater European defense integration, which appears more likely than amendment of the EU treaties, requiring agreement by 27 member states.
Benchmarking quantum annealing dynamics: the spin-vector Langevin model
Creators: name: Subires, David
name: Gómez-Ruiz, Fernando J.
name: Ruiz-García, Antonia
name: Alonso, Daniel
name: del Campo, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical spin-vector Monte Carlo (SVMC) model is a reference benchmark for the performance of a quantum annealer. Yet, as a Monte Carlo method, SVMC is unsuited for an accurate description of the annealing dynamics in real-time.We introduce the spin-vector Langevin (SVL) model as an alternative benchmark in which the time evolution is described by Langevin dynamics. The SVL model is shown to provide a more stringent test than the SVMC model for the identification of quantum signatures in the performance of quantum annealing devices, as we illustrate by describing the Kibble-Zurek scaling associated with the dynamics of symmetry breaking in the transverse field Ising model, recently probed using D-Wave machines. Specifically, we show that D-Wave data are reproduced by the SVL model.
description: Main text: 10 pages, 5 Figures, and SM: Fortran Code SVLdynamics.f
Supplementary document for Combined multi-band infrared camouflage and thermal management via simple multilayer structure design - 5455473.pdf
Creators: name: Yue, Yang
name: Lei, Wang
name: Xianglin, Tang
name: Bin, Li
name: Yizhi, Hu
name: Zhu, Yonggang
name: Huizhu, Yang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Incidence angle dependence and material optical properties
Quantum thermodynamics of holographic quenches and bounds on the growth of entanglement from the QNEC
Creators: name: Kibe, Tanay
name: Mukhopadhyay, Ayan
name: Roy, Pratik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a lower bound on the energy-momentum tensor in terms of the variation of the entanglement entropy of a sub-region along a null direction. To gain insights into quantum thermodynamics of many-body systems, we study if the QNEC restricts irreversible entropy production in quenches driven by energy-momentum inflow from an infinite memoryless bath in two-dimensional holographic theories. We find that an increase in both entropy and temperature, as implied by the Clausius inequality of classical thermodynamics, are necessary but not sufficient to not violate QNEC in quenches leading to transitions between thermal states with momentum which are dual to Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli geometries. For an arbitrary initial state, we can determine the lower and upper bounds on the increase of entropy (temperature) for a fixed increase in temperature (entropy). Our results provide explicit instances of quantum lower and upper bounds on irreversible entropy production whose existence has been established in literature. We also find monotonic behavior of the non-saturation of the QNEC with time after a quench, and analytically determine their asymptotic values. Our study shows that the entanglement entropy of an interval of length $l$ always thermalizes in time $l/2$ with an exponent $3/2$. Furthermore, we determine the coefficient of initial quadratic growth of entanglement analytically for any $l$, and show that the slope of the asymptotic ballistic growth of entanglement for a semi-infinite interval is twice the difference of the entropy densities of the final and initial states. We determine explicit upper and lower bounds on these rates of growth of entanglement.
description: 5+6 pages, 2+5 figures; version to appear in PRL