cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Energy conditions in new model of loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Long, Gaoping
name: Liu, Yunlong
name: Zhang, Xiangdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a de-Sitter epoch has been found in the new model of loop quantum cosmology which is governed by the scalar constraint with both of Euclidean and Lorentz terms. The singularity free bounce in the new LQC model and the emergent cosmology constant strongly suggest that the effective stress energy tensor induced by quantum corrections must violate the standard energy conditions. In this paper, we do an explicit calculation to analyze the behaviours of specific representative energy conditions, i.e., average null, strong and dominant energy conditions. It turns out that the averaging null energy condition is violated while the dominant energy condition is violated only at a period around the bounce point. More specifically, the strong energy condition is violated not only at a period around the bounce point, but also the whole period from the bounce point to the classical phase corresponding to the de Sitter period. Our results is expected to shed some lights on construction of the wormhole and time machine which usually need exotic matters violate energy conditions.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
An Energy Efficient Rate Adaptive Distributed Source Coding Algorith: RSWITCH
Creators: name: Porter-Robinson, Kwame
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: distributed source coding
estimator
LDPC
source correlation

description: Current strategies for estimating correlation among multiple sources typically require an unsupported degree of network bandwidth or significant computational resources required by the receiver. A novel strategy that does not suffer from these weaknesses is desirable and is a current topic of research in distributed source coding theory. A novel source correlation algorithm, RSWITCH, is presented that both minimizes network bandwidth and required computational resources beyond that given by the state of the art.
READ ME for Evolutionary coupling of female signals zip file
Creators: name: Jones, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60201 Behavioural Ecology
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Read me file explaining the contents of  "Evolutionary coupling of female signals.zip"
Right-topological semigroup operations on inclusion hyperspaces
Creators: name: Gavrylkiv, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for any discrete semigroup $X$ the semigroup operation can be extended to a right-topological semigroup operation on the space $G(X)$ of inclusion hyperspaces on $X$. We detect some important subsemigroups of $G(X)$, study the minimal ideal, the (topological) center, left cancelable elements of $G(X)$, and describe the structure of the semigroups $G(\IZ_n)$ for small numbers $n$.
fp iqra zafar.docx
Creators: name: Zafar, Iqra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Employee performance cannot be explained as the part of the job responsibilities but it is entirely a voluntary work in an organization. It can be explained as the process in which an employee is involved to accomplish organizational goals. Employee performance is defining as the outcome or having the contribution of employees to make them to attain their goals. Role Ambiguity is defined as when people are unclear or when the people are uncertain about their expectations within their role or having the naturally job role in their workplace. Role Conflict is a standout amongst the most effect highlights of employment push and happens when no less than two clashing occupation issue load the person. Work Exhaustion is characterized as the enduring conditions of physical and expressive exhaustion those outcomes from offensive employment or an individual requests and nonstop pressure. Quantitative methodology is more fitting the research in contrast with the subjective approach as the researcher needed to know the impact of role ambiguity, role conflict, and work exhaustion on employee performance of Tobacco Company. According to the results our hypothesis 2 is accepted as it shows that there is an impact of role conflict on employee performance. The Correlation analysis shows that the Role Ambiguity has a great impact on employee performance therefore, our hypothesis 1 is accepted. Hypothesis 3 is rejected which says that the work exhaustion effects the Employee Performance. . Therefore it is concluded that there is a significant impact of role ambiguity, role conflict, and work exhaustion on the employee performance of the employees of tobacco industry.
Parents of Children with Food Allergy: Gender Differences in Perceived Burden, Food Allergy Severity, Psychological Distress, and Dyadic Adjustment
Creators: name: Hoehn, Jessica Lynn
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: fathers
food allergy
gender differences
involvement
parenting

description: Although fathers are important influences on child development, fathers are understudied in the child chronic illness literature.  The limited available research presents mixed findings regarding differences in mothers' and fathers' perceptions of their child's illness.  Parenting children with food allergies has been shown to negatively impact mothers, but few studies of parent adjustment to pediatric food allergy have incorporated both mothers and fathers.  This study compared fathers' and mothers' perceptions of the impact and severity of their child's food allergy, their levels of involvement in illness-related care, psychological distress and dyadic adjustment.  Ninety-two parents of children with food allergy (46 mother-father pairs) rated the severity of their child's food allergies and completed the Food Allergy Impact Scale, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale.  They also reported the frequency with which they engaged in different illness-related care activities, including attending food allergy appointments, preparing meals, and planning food purchases.  Mothers reported more burden than fathers for meal preparation, family social activities, and stress and free time.  Mothers also reported significantly greater involvement in illness-related care.  Fathers who reported more frequent appointment attendance perceived meal preparation as significantly more burdensome than fathers who were less involved.  Mothers and fathers did not differ in perceived illness severity, psychological distress, or dyadic adjustment.  These results suggest that fathers who are less involved may be buffered from experiencing the burden of their child's illness.  Differences in involvement rather than other gender differences may explain discrepancies in mothers' and fathers' illness perceptions.
Heavy quark production and non-linear gluon evolution at the LHC
Creators: name: Peters, Krisztian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the importance of unitarity corrections to parton evolution in heavy flavor production at the LHC. The gluon distribution is determined with a fit to HERA data applying a unified BFKL-DGLAP approach, in which the non-linear evolution is described by the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. First we estimate b anti-b production at CDF and D0. Then, cross sections for heavy quark production at various LHC experiments are estimated, tracing the impact of the unitarity corrections.
description: Presented at the XIV International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering, April 20-24, Tsukuba, Japan, 5 pages, 2 figures
Gravitational anti-screening as an alternative to the LCDM model
Creators: name: Penner, A. Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previously, in Penner (2016), a theory of gravitational anti-screening was shown to lead to the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relationship. In addition, it was shown to agree with the observed rotation curve of the Galaxy, the observed features in the rotational curves of other spiral galaxies, and with observations of the Coma cluster. In this paper, the theory is now shown to be consistent with a geometrically flat universe. Using a model of the distribution of superclusters, the overall density parameter of the universe, as determined by the theory, is equal to 1.08 plus/mimus 0.19. In addition, the energy density which falls out from the theory has a negative pressure associated with it. This, along with a model of the evolution of superclusters, leads to an acceleration of the universal expansion without the requirement of dark energy. The theory of gravitational anti-screening therefore provides an alternative to the LCDM model of cosmology.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.5165, arXiv:2010.06376
Muon Flux at the Geographical South Pole
Creators: name: Bai, X.
name: Gaisser, T. K.
name: Karle, A.
name: Rawlins, K.
name: Spiczak, G. M.
name: Stanev, Todor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The muon flux at the South-Pole was measured for five zenith angles, $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $35^{\circ}$, $82.13^{\circ}$ and $85.15^{\circ}$ with a scintillator muon telescope incorporating ice Cherenkov tank detectors as the absorber. We compare the measurements with other data and with calculations.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Untitled ItemREAD ME for Evolutionary coupling of female signals zip file
Creators: name: Jones, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60201 Behavioural Ecology
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Read me file explaining the contents of  "Evolutionary coupling of female signals.zip"
A Rule-Based System for Identifying Pleonastic 'It'
Creators: name: Johnson, Benjamin Luke
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: non-referential
pleonasm
pleonastic

description: This work improves upon existing rule-based methods for identifying pleonastic (non-referential) 'it' in natural language texts.  Rule-based methods attempt to match instances of 'it' against a set of patterns whose components are formulated in terms of part-of-speech markers and word lists.  We created a system that incorporates previously discovered patterns, new patterns and extensions of the word lists used in previous work.  We evaluated our system by seeking pleonastic 'it' in the modified subset of the British National Corpus (BNC) used in Boyd et al. (2005) and an automatically generated, manually annotated web corpus.
ALBS: AN ADPATIVE LOAD BALANCING SYSTEM IN MAPREDUCE
Creators: name: Liu, Congchong
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: load balancing
MapReduce

description: MapReduce is a popular parallel programming model used in large-scale data processing applications running on a cluster computer. MapReduce has two main functions: Map and Reduce. Map function transforms the data into the key-value format on each node and Reduce function merges the values associated with the same key from the different nodes. However, typical MapReduce implementations have the imbalance issue of load (the number of key-value pairs).  This thesis proposes an Adaptive Load Balancing Algorithm to balance the load and implements it in X10. The systematic experimental results show that this algorithm enables a good load balances, reduces communication across compute nodes, and consequently improves overall performance.
Connections on modules over singularities of finite CM representation type
Creators: name: Eriksen, Eivind
name: Gustavsen, Trond S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let A be a commutative k-algebra, where k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, and let M be an A-module. We consider the following question: Under what conditions on A and M is it possible to find a connection on M? We consider maximal Cohen-Macaulay (MCM) modules over complete CM algebras that are isolated singularities, and usually assume that the singularities have finite CM representation type. It is known that over a simple singularity of dimension at most two, any MCM module admits an integrable connection. We prove that over a simple singularity of dimension at least three, an MCM module admits connections if and only if it is free. Among singularities of finite CM representation type, we find examples of curves with MCM modules that do not admit connections, and threefolds with non-free MCM modules that do admit connections. Let A be a singularity not necessarily of finite CM representation type, and consider the condition that A is a Gorenstein curve or a Q-Gorenstein singularity of dimension at least two. We show that this condition is sufficient for the canonical module of A to admit an integrable connection, and conjecture that it is also necessary. In support of the conjecture, we show that if A is a monomial curve singularity, then the canonical module of A admits an integrable connection if and only if A is Gorenstein.
description: 26 pages, LaTeX
A new deep learning-based model for reconstructing high-quality NDVI time-series data in heavily cloudy areas: fusion of Sentinel 1 and 2 data
Creators: name: Chen, Yang
name: Cao, Ruyin
name: Liu, Shuaijun
name: Peng, Longkang
name: Chen, Xuehong
name: Chen, Jin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Reconstructing high-quality Normalized Difference Vegetation Index time series data is essential for ecological and agricultural applications but remains challenging in heavily cloudy areas. Fusing Sentinel SAR and optical data with deep learning could be helpful but is also challenging for stable models due to unstable SAR-NDVI relationships caused by imaging mechanism differences and environmental complexities. In this study, we developed a new Bidirectional Recurrent Imputation for Optical-SAR fusion (BRIOS) model to reconstruct high-quality Sentinel-2 NDVI time series data. BRIOS designs a two-layer recurrent architecture that integrates the autocorrelation of discrete, cloud-free NDVI observations into the model for a more stable SAR-NDVI relationship. Evaluating BRIOS against three baseline methods (GF-SG spatiotemporal fusion, Harmonic regression interpolation, and MCNN-Seq deep learning) across three full Sentinel-2 tiles in reconstructing 8-day NDVI time series, BRIOS consistently outperformed in scenarios of either random or continuously missing data, as evidenced by lower RMSE values (e.g. 0.075 for BRIOS vs. 0.108 for GF-SG vs. 0.143 for Harmonic regression vs. 0.303 for MCNN-Seq), better Edge index, and high linear correlation coefficients (R values up to 0.97). Further ablation experiments revealed that deep integration of NDVI autocorrelation features and SAR temporal change patterns has improved the stability and generalization of BRIOS. Discussions on the model's scalability across various cloud sizes and training dataset sizes affirm its practicality for broad-scale application in vegetation monitoring under challenging cloudy conditions.
Fast Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in M Dwarf Flares Observed by TESS
Creators: name: Million, Chase
name: Kolotkov, Dmitrii
name: Fleming, Scott W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: M Dwarf
flare
quasi-periodic pulsation
TESS
Cool Stars on the main sequence

description: Dozens of hypotheses for the origin of quasi-periodic pulsation (QPP) have been proposed, but limited observational data means that we are not yet able to test those hypotheses. QPPs with periods of seconds or minutes are commonly observed on the Sun, but the vast majority of QPPs observed on other stars have dominant periods in the range of tens to hundreds of minutes. The TESS 20-second cadence mode, made available in Cycle 3, provides a new opportunity to examine the visible lightcurve morphology of flares at <1 minute resolution. This team requested that a number of nearby M dwarfs be targeted for 20-second coverage in TESS Cycle 3. Fifteen of these were observed in Sector 27, and 85 particularly large flares were found on five of the stars. We have identified 9 quasi-periodic pulsations in this sample with periods between 120 and 520 seconds. A few of the QPP events show rather unexpected behaviour, with either stable or intermittently varying amplitude, although the majority are classic QPP signals with the amplitude smoothly decaying in a few oscillation cycles. These observations suggest that the small number of examples of short-period extrasolar QPPs may be a selection effect of the relatively long observational cadence of previous surveys.
description: {"references": ["Broomhall, Anne-Marie, et al. \"A blueprint of state-of-the-art techniques for detecting quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares.\" The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 244.2 (2019): 44.", "Cho, I-H., et al. \"Comparison of damped oscillations in solar and stellar X-ray flares.\" The Astrophysical Journal 830.2 (2016): 110.", "McLaughlin, J. A., et al. \"Modelling quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares.\" Space Science Reviews 214.1 (2018): 45. Osten, Rachel A., and Scott J. Wolk. \"Connecting flares and transient mass-loss events in magnetically active stars.\" The Astrophysical Journal 809.1 (2015): 79.", "Pugh, C. E., et al. \"Statistical properties of quasi-periodic pulsations in white-light flares observed with Kepler.\" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 459.4 (2016): 3659-3676.", "Van Doorsselaere, Tom, Elena G. Kupriyanova, and Ding Yuan. \"Quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares: an overview of recent results (invited review).\" Solar Physics 291.11 (2016): 3143-3164."]}
PROTÓTIPO DE BAFÔMETRO DESENVOLVIDO COM ARDUINO E SENSOR DE ÁLCOOL MQ3 APLICADO NA EDUCAÇÃO PARA O TRÂNSITO
Creators: name: Lemos, Hailton David
name: Freitas, André Dionizio de
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: O bafômetro é um aparelho que permite determinar a concentração de bebida alcoólica analisando o ar exalado dos pulmões de uma pessoa. É também conhecido pela denominação técnica “etilômetro”, devido às reações que envolvem o álcool etílico presente na baforada do suspeito e um reagente. Todos os tipos de bafômetros são baseados em reações químicas e os reagentes mais comuns são dicromato de potássio e célula de combustível. A diferença entre estes dois reagentes é que o dicromato muda de cor na presença do álcool enquanto a célula gera uma corrente elétrica. O mais usado pelos policiais no Brasil é o de célula de combustível. O médico, Doutor Robert Borkenstein, do Departamento de Polícia de Indiana (Estados Unidos) desenvolveu um aparelho que seria capaz de identificar a concentração de álcool no sangue por meio da análise do ar presente nos pulmões.
Photo-Assisted Electrochemical Detection (PAED) Following HPLC-UV for the Determination of RDX and Degradation Products
Creators: name: Fedorowski, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Bioremedation
Degradation Products
HPLC
Photo-Assisted Electrochemical Detection
RDX

description: Continuous efforts implemented by government agencies such as the United States Geological Survey (USGS) aim to manage and protect the integrity of the environment's natural resources. Moreover, emerging bioremediation technology requiring the use of microorganisms to destroy hazardous waste has effectively contributed to reducing the concentration of environmental contaminants. Of particular importance is the degradation of RDX in natural environments and subsequently, the accumulation of consequential degradation products in nature. RDX is the most frequently utilized nitramine explosive for mining, demolition and munitions purposes in the United States (US). Additionally, RDX has the potential to be degraded by microorganisms resulting in hazardous levels of harmful degradation products in soil and groundwater. The necessity for the detection of these particular degradation products is emphasized as a consequence of their recognized toxicity.  In particular, cyclic N-nitroso degradation products of RDX have been recognized as potential mutagens. Photo-assisted electrochemical detection (PAED) following HPLC-UV is used to develop an analytical method qualified for the assessment of the degradation of RDX and formation of selected degradation products. The technique offers unique selectivity possessed by the photochemical reactor coupled to EC detection serving to eliminate the need for repetitive analysis using different column technologies. Furthermore, on-line sample pretreatment is developed and optimized specifically for the preparation of samples consisting of RDX and degradation products of RDX.  On-line solid phase extraction (SPE) offers several advantages to conventional SPE including lower cost, reduced analysis time, and system compatibility for routine analysis. Analytical figures of merit determined for all target analytes using on-line SPE-HPLC-UV-PAED revealed detection limits in the sub part per billion range for RDX and degradation product MEDINA. Furthermore, the method was validated with the guidelines established by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1976, qualifying it capable for application in environmental fieldwork. As a result, the effectiveness of the method is exemplified in collaborative studies with the USGS in monitoring the degradation of RDX and formation of respective degradation products once the nitro explosive is subject to anaerobic microorganisms WBC-2 under controlled conditions.
Can parallel lives provide a solution to Hardy's paradox?
Creators: name: Şahin, İnanç
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parallel lives is a model which provides an interpretation of quantum theory that is both local and realistic. This model assumes that all quantum fields are composed of point beings called "lives". Lives interact locally and have a memory of their previous interactions. The reduction of the state vector is not included in this model: lives can be divided into different worlds. This feature resembles many worlds interpretation. However in the parallel lives model, the division of lives into different worlds takes place locally. The parallel lives model is expected to be compatible with special relativity, as the lives propagate at a speed that does not exceed the speed of light and interact locally. On the other hand, it is open to paradoxes based on counterfactual propositions, as it provides a realistic interpretation of quantum theory. In this paper, we confront the parallel lives model with the paradox proposed by Hardy. We show that the parallel lives model cannot overcome the dilemma in Hardy's paradox. We discuss implications of this confrontation on special theory of relativity, and speculate a solution that we believe, fits the spirit of the parallel lives model.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
The Effect of Neutrino Radiation on Magnetorotational Instability in Proto-Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Masada, Youhei
name: Sano, Takayoshi
name: Shibata, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino radiation takes a major role in the momentum, heat, and lepton transports in proto-neutron stars (PNSs). These diffusive processes affect the growth of magnetorotational instability (MRI) in PNSs. We perform a local linear analysis for the axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric MRI including the effects of neutrino transports and ohmic dissipation. We find that the MRI can grow even in the multi-diffusive situations that are realized in neutrino loaded PNSs. When the toroidal magnetic component dominates over the poloidal one, nonaxisymmetric MRI modes grow much faster than axisymmetric modes. These results suggest the importance of the nonaxisymmetric MRI in PNSs. Thus the understandings of three-dimensional nonlinear evolutions of the MRI are necessary to reveal the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 24 pages,6 figures
Integrating Diverse Methodologies and Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Certain Alkaloids and Terpenoids
Creators: name: Tang, Fei
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: The body of this thesis is comprised of five scientific articles and is preceded by an overview that contextualizes all of this published/submitted/to be submitted work. The first major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 1. This is a review concerned with the application of Raney-cobalt in organic synthesis. The author's work described in publications 2 and 3 featured Raney-cobalt mediated reductive cyclization reactions as key steps in the construction of the framework of various uleine alkaloids and certain of these are highlighted in this review. Publication 2 comprises the second major part of this thesis. This article details the total syntheses of some key members of uleine alkaloid family (specifically uleine, noruleine, dasycarpidone, nordasycarpidone) by using, as key steps, a palladium-catalysed Ullmann cross-coupling reaction to generate key coupling product and the immediate reductive cyclization of this so as to assemble the uleine alkaloid framework. The third major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 3. This article describes the total synthesis of uleine alkaloid gilbertine. The key intermediate embodying the framework of uleine-type alkaloids was assembled by the Raney-cobalt mediated reductive cyclization of an nitrile compound which was itself constructed via a reaction sequence including a palladium-catalysed Ullmann cross-coupling process. The end-game associated with the synthesis involved a cationic (and possibly biomimetic) cyclisation reaction that established the final, tetrahydropyran ring of gilbertine. The fourth major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 4. This details the total synthesis of a marine-derived sesquiterpene (+)-viridianol. The target molecule was derived from a key intermediate cyclobutone through various functional group manipulations. This cyclobutone was prepared through a photochemically-promoted 1,3-acyl migration reaction involving the cyclopentannulated bicyclo[2.2.2]-octenone, itself constructed from the homochiral compound cis-1,2-dihydrocatechol using Negishi cross-coupling and intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) cycloaddition reactions as key steps. The starting material, a cis-1,2-dihydrocatechol, was obtained through the whole-cell biotransformation of p-iodotoluene using a genetically engineered micro-organism over-expressing the enzyme toluene dioxygenase. The fifth major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 5. This article details a model study relevant to the total synthesis of the marine-derived sesquiterpene (+)-viridianol. Specifically, two structurally related ring-fused cyclopropanes were subjected to the same hydrogenolytic conditions. However, they showed dramatically divergent behavior.
Control of light at the nanoscale : from optical antennas to metamaterials
Creators: name: Kruk, Sergey
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: Nano-optics is a rapidly developing area of modern physics. Research in this field aims to develop the processes and methods to control light properties on a subwavelength scale. In this Thesis we present our achievements on control of angular properties of artificially engineered structures. Our results cover the fields of optical antennas, metasurfaces and metamaterials. Chapter 2 is dedicated to the research of single nanoscale objects - optical antennas. We engineer angular response of an emitting antenna and achieve for the first time the control over the spin of emitted photons. In particular, photon-spin degeneracy was removed in photoluminescence of CdSe quantum dots coupled to nanoantennas. Photons with opposite spins were attributed to different wave-vectors. Our results on spin-controlled light emission open a new efficient route toward spincontrolled photonics with a range of possible applications in molecular detection, quantum light sources, or display technologies. In Chapter 3 we present the results of study of two-dimensional arrays of nanoscale elements - metasurfaces. We develop a general formalism that predicts the angular properties of metasurfaces based on their symmetry and level of disorder. In particular, we introduce the concept of quasicrystalline metasurfaces, which combines the advantages of both periodic and disordered structures, while mitigating their individual disadvantages. Our research opens up a new route toward flat and extremely thin optical devices. Chapter 4 describes our study of angular dispersion of three-dimensional nanostructured materials - metamaterials. We reports on several world-first experimental demonstrations supported by both theoretical results and numerical simulations, which includes the first example of a magnetic hyperbolic metamaterial, a direct observation of a topological transition between elliptic and hyperbolic regimes, and the first demonstration of the manifestation of strong effects of spatial dispersion. In Chapter 5 we discuss novel regimes of nonlinear wave-mixing in nanostructures with the emphasis on different scenarios of angular excitation. In particular, we demonstrate a dramatic enhancement of second-order nonlinear response in optical nanostructures. In contrast to conventional nonlinear media, the artificially engineer structure shows strong magnetic nonlinearities. We achieve an interference between electric and magnetic nonlinear responses of the nanostructure that can be either constructive or destructive depending on the particular scenario of angular excitation. The interference between the electric and magnetic nonlinear contributions allows for the control over the directionality of nonlinear processes.
A Trust and Reputation Mechanism Through Behavioral Modeling of Reviewers
Creators: name: Haghpanah-Jahromi, Yasaman
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Behavioral Modeling
e-Commerce
Game Theory
Probabilistic Modeling
Reputation
Trust

description: Trust and reputation have become important topics in various domains, such as online markets, supply chain management, auctions, social networks, and e-commerce applications. With the significant increase in transactions with people and organizations, especially in online markets, people need to interact with strangers with whom they have few or no previous interactions. Reputation information in the form of word of mouth (i.e., a mechanism for propagating knowledge or opinion (Abdul-Rahman & Hailes 2000)) in auctions and supply chain management, and in the form of provided reviews and ratings on online websites, are two different sources of useful information that can help model trust, in order to mitigate the risk of interacting with an unknown individual. In providing reputation information, people can have different behaviors, such as being biased based on incentives or they can have different preferences and viewpoints. Therefore, in modeling trust and reputation, it is critical to learn the behavior of people who are providing reputation information in order to select trustworthy partners. Such a reputation mechanism is missing from the current trust and reputation literature. In this dissertation, I introduce a novel trust and reputation mechanism that models and learns a reputation provider's behavior using probability theory. This learned behavior is then used to re-interpret the provider's reputation information, thus making use of the entire reputation data effectively, even if the information is biased or based on personal viewpoints and preferences. I show the importance of learning the behavior of reputation providers using different patterns of being biased or having different preferences and satisfaction thresholds in three different settings: an iterated prisoner's dilemma scenario from game-theory, an online rating website, and an online marketplace. My results show that learning the behavior of reputation providers in each of these settings helps individuals to more effectively aggregate and adjust reputation information in order to make decisions, thereby increasing their satisfaction and overall payoffs in their interactions.
Development Opportunities in Scottish Borders: Evolving data-driven innovation and the entrepreneurial ecosystem
Creators: name: Kitagawa, Fumi
name: Matjaz Vidmar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 140209 Industry Economics and Industrial Organisation
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Geography

description: The Scottish Borders is characterised by diverse geography and industry sectors. Its large rural geography with distributed infrastructure and aging population pose challenges in terms of economic development and welfare. The work was conducted between July and October 2020 at a time of uncertainties and challenges related to Covid-19. First, the study team conducted a series of gap analyses relating to innovation, entrepreneurship and skills needs in the Scottish Borders by interviewing 30 representatives from the public and private sectors, including entrepreneurs and businesses’ managers encompassing different industries. Second, we consulted key actors and partners engaged in DDI activities at the University of Edinburgh (UoE) and identified specific opportunity areas for DDI activities across the key sectors in the Scottish Borders.
RAPTOR observations of delayed explosive activity in the high-redshift gamma-ray burst GRB 060206
Creators: name: Wozniak, P. R.
name: Vestrand, W. T.
name: Wren, J. A.
name: White, R. R.
name: Evans, S. M.
name: Casperson, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) system at Los Alamos National Laboratory observed GRB 060206 starting 48.1 minutes after gamma-ray emission triggered the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on-board the Swift satellite. The afterglow light curve measured by RAPTOR shows a spectacular re-brightening by ~1 mag about 1 h after the trigger and peaks at R ~ 16.4 mag. Shortly after the onset of the explosive re-brightening the OT doubled its flux on a time-scale of about 4 minutes. The total R-band fluence received from GRB 060206 during this episode is 2.3e-9 erg/cm2. In the rest frame of the burst (z = 4.045) this yields an isotropic equivalent energy release of ~0.7e50 erg in just a narrow UV band 130 +/- 22 nm. We discuss the implications of RAPTOR observations for untriggered searches for fast optical transients and studies of GRB environments at high redshift.
description: Submitted to ApJ Letters
A specialist approach for the classification of column data
Creators: name: Puranik, Nikhil Waman
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012

description: Understanding the tables on the web and creating knowledge repositories from them is a topic widely researched. By classifying the columns of the table, we can relate context to it helping understand what the table data represents. Our work deals with classification of columns into an appropriate class. We describe a `specialist' approach for classification in which different specialists work together to come up with a ranked list for the given input column. We use three types of specialists, namely- regular expressions based, dictionary based and classifier based. We discuss a serial and parallel framework for the specialists. We evaluate our system in two ways- by testing individual specialist for accuracy and by testing the performance of the overall system in terms of generation of ranked list. We also discuss the scalability of the system in terms of addition of new specialists and performance impact for systems with hundreds of specialists.
The interplay between phase-separation and gene-enhancer communication: a theoretical study
Creators: name: Chiariello, Andrea M.
name: Corberi, Federico
name: Salerno, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase-separation occurring in a system of mutually interacting proteins that can bind on specific sites of a chromatin fiber is here investigated. This is achieved by means of extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations of a simple polymer model which includes regulatory proteins as interacting spherical particles. Our interest is particularly focused on the role played by phase-separation in the formation of molecule aggregates that can join distant regulatory elements, such as gene promoters and enhancers, along the DNA. We find that the overall equilibrium state of the system resulting from the mutual interplay between binding molecules and chromatin can lead, under suitable conditions that depend on molecules concentration, molecule-molecule and molecule-DNA interactions, to the formation of phase-separated molecular clusters allowing robust contacts between regulatory sites. Vice-versa, the presence of regulatory sites can promote the phase-separation process. Different dynamical regimes can generate the enhancer-promoter contact, either by cluster nucleation at binding sites or by bulk spontaneous formation of the mediating cluster to which binding sites are successively attracted. The possibility that such processes can explain experimental live-cell imaging data measuring distances between regulatory sites during time is also discussed.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures
Theoretical model of hydrate formation in natural environments
Creators: name: Zatsepina, Olga
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The solubility of two hydrate-forming gases, C02 and CH4 , is calculated over a range of pressure and temperature. The solubility of gas is shown to be significantly altered by the presence or absence of hydrate. In particular, gas solubility changes abruptly in hydrate presence, allowing it to crytallize from the aqueous solution without the need of any free gas. To test this prediction a set of experiments was performed. In the experiments, an aqueous solution of CO2 was cooled at a pressure of 2 MPa. A variety of methods were examined to detect the growth of hydrate. With cooling and hydrate formation, the physical characteristics of the porous medium (temperature, porosity, gas concentration) change. On the basis of known governing equations and conductivity of an aqueous solution in porous medium, the conductivity change due to hydrate formation was predicted. Conductivity was found to be particularly sensitive to hydrate formation, so electrical potential measurements were used to monitor hydrate growth. These electrical measurements indicated a pronounced resistance increase due to a change of gas concentration in the solution, corresponding to the amount of hydrate produced. Hydrate growth in the system was also detected in temperature data, which indicated a release of latent heat. The calculated phase diagram at typical pressure and temperature conditions in marine environments is applied to establish the gas concentration needed to stabilize hydrate. This information is used in simple methods of hydrate formation to estimate the vertical distribution of hydrate in marine sediments and the rate of accumulation.
Spectral Analysis of Weekly and High-Frequency Stream Chemistry Data in Urban Watersheds
Creators: name: VerHoef, Jason Ryan
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Spectral analysis
Urban watersehd
Water quality sensors

description: To determine whether urban watersheds can act as fractal filters, spectral analysis was applied to 13 years of weekly stream chemistry data for chloride, nitrate and sulfate from eight watersheds in the Baltimore metropolitan area. The analysis was also applied to high-frequency (15- and 30-minute) sensor data for nitrate and specific conductance over periods ranging from several weeks to four years.  Spectral analysis of weekly stream chemistry data produced power slopes of 0.60 to 1.2, the same range found for forested watersheds in previous studies.  Spectral slopes decreased with increasing watershed percent impervious surface cover, suggesting that the power spectrum is whitened with increasing degree of urbanization.  Spectral analysis of high-frequency water quality data spanning a period of four years showed that a break in power slopes occurred near a frequency of 1/week, with a slope of approximately 2 for data at frequencies higher than 1/week regardless of degree of urbanization.  The analysis suggests that differing processes dominate the spectra in two discernible frequency domains, with seasonal, annual, and interannual processes dominating the low frequency domain and diurnal and intraweekly processes dominating the high-frequency domain.  Such trends cannot be detected solely from analysis of either long-term weekly data or short-term high-frequency data.
БОШЛАНҒИЧ СИНФ ЎҚУВЧИЛАРИ АХЛОҚИНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШ АСОСЛАРИ
Creators: name: Азиза Махаматджоновна Маматова
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: таълим
синф
ўқувчи
ахлоқ
билим
асос
тарбия
кўникма
метод.

description: Мазкур бошланғич синф ўқувчилари ахлоқини шакллантириш асослари таҳлил қилинган ва методик тавсиялар тақдим этилган.
Blind Decision Making: Reinforcement Learning with Delayed Observations
Creators: name: Agarwal, Mridul
name: Aggarwal, Vaneet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement learning typically assumes that the state update from the previous actions happens instantaneously, and thus can be used for making future decisions. However, this may not always be true. When the state update is not available, the decision taken is partly in the blind since it cannot rely on the current state information. This paper proposes an approach, where the delay in the knowledge of the state can be used, and the decisions are made based on the available information which may not include the current state information. One approach could be to include the actions after the last-known state as a part of the state information, however, that leads to an increased state-space making the problem complex and slower in convergence. The proposed algorithm gives an alternate approach where the state space is not enlarged, as compared to the case when there is no delay in the state update. Evaluations on the basic RL environments further illustrate the improved performance of the proposed algorithm.
MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Creators: name: Djuraeva, Barno
name: Rejepova, Julduz
name: Muminova, Hilola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the intricate anatomy, functions, and significance of the muscles in the lower extremities, encompassing the thighs, legs, and feet. It delves into the roles of major muscle groups such as the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles, highlighting their contributions to locomotion, postural stability, and daily activities. The significance of lower extremity muscles in occupational movements, challenges such as musculoskeletal disorders, and their role in athletic performance is thoroughly examined. The article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the lower extremity musculature and its vital role in human movement.
МИНЕРАЛ ЎҒИТЛАР ТАЪСИРИДА БУҒДОЙ ЎСИМЛИГИДА ХЛОРОФИЛЛ ВА КАРОТИНОИДЛАР МИКДОРИНИНГ ЎЗГАРИШИ
Creators: name: Фаррух Илхомович Маткаримов
name: Саидмурод Кимсанбоевич Бабоев
name: Гулёра Мурод Қизи Исмоилова
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: буғдой
хлорофилл
каротиноид
фотосинтез
аммафос
универсал комплекс ўғит
минерал озиқланиш

description: Лаборатория шароитида, термостатда аммафос ва универсал комплекс ўғитлар билан ишлов бериш орқали ундирилган буғдой ўсимлигида хлорофилл “а”, хлорофилл “б”, умумий хлорофилл ҳамда каротиноидлар миқдорлари ошишига эришилди. Бунда универсал комплекс ўғитлар билан ишлов вариантларда хлорофилл “а”, хлорофилл “б”, умумий хлорофилл ҳамда каротиноидлар миқдорлари энг юқори кўрсаткич қайт этди
One dimensional diffusion in an asymmetric random environment
Creators: name: Cheliotis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K37

description: According to a theorem of S. Schumacher, for a diffusion X in an environment determined by a stable process that belongs to an appropriate class and has index a, it holds that X_t/(log t)^a converges in distribution, as t goes to infinity, to a random variable having an explicit description in terms of the environment. We compute the density of this random variable in the case the stable process is spectrally one-sided. This computation extends a result of H. Kesten and quantifies the bias that the asymmetry of the environment causes to the behavior of the diffusion.
description: 14 pages. To appear in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincare, Probability and Statistics