cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hub-and-Spokes Free-Trade-Agreements in the Presence of Technology Spillovers: An Application to the Western Hemisphere
Creators: name: Das, Gouranga Gopal
name: Andriamananjara, Soamiely
name: Das, Gouranga Gopal
name: Andriamananjara, Soamiely
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: hub and spokes
subject: free trade areas
subject: technology transfer
subject: absorption
subject: governance
subject: welfare
subject: preference dilution

description: Using a comparative-static general equilibrium model and in the context of the western hemisphere, this paper compares the economic effects of a "hub-and-spokes (HAS)" type of bilateral trade configuration (with Chile being the hub) with those of a more comprehensive regional FTA (namely, the FTAA). The model is augmented to account for the possibility of technology spillovers and its effective assimilation among participating economies. In particular, absorptive capacity, governance factor, proximity and socio-institutional congruence conjointly determine an economy's capacity to capture the technology that is transmitted from developed spoke US to other regions.
Negation in Cognitive Reasoning
Creators: name: Schon, Claudia
name: Siebert, Sophie
name: Stolzenburg, Frieder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Negation is both an operation in formal logic and in natural language by which a proposition is replaced by one stating the opposite, as by the addition of "not" or another negation cue. Treating negation in an adequate way is required for cognitive reasoning, which aims at modeling the human ability to draw meaningful conclusions despite incomplete and inconsistent knowledge. One task of cognitive reasoning is answering questions given by sentences in natural language. There are tools based on discourse representation theory to convert sentences automatically into a formal logic representation, and additional knowledge can be added using the predicate names in the formula and knowledge databases. However, the knowledge in logic databases in practice always is incomplete. Hence, forward reasoning of automated reasoning systems alone does not suffice to derive answers to questions because, instead of complete proofs, often only partial positive knowledge can be derived, while negative knowledge is used only during the reasoning process. In consequence, we aim at eliminating syntactic negation, strictly speaking, the negated event or property. In this paper, we describe an effective procedure to determine the negated event or property in order to replace it by its inverse. This lays the basis of cognitive reasoning, employing both logic and machine learning for general question answering. We evaluate our procedure by several benchmarks and demonstrate its practical usefulness in our cognitive reasoning system.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, extended version
Conifold Vacua with Small Flux Superpotential
Creators: name: Demirtas, Mehmet
name: Kim, Manki
name: McAllister, Liam
name: Moritz, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method for finding flux vacua of type IIB string theory in which the flux superpotential is exponentially small and at the same time one or more complex structure moduli are stabilized exponentially near to conifold points.
description: 44 pages, 5 figures. v2: extended discussion of near-conifold expansion of prepotential, references added
Probabilistic cloning with supplementary information
Creators: name: Azuma, Koji
name: Shimamura, Junichi
name: Koashi, Masato
name: Imoto, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider probabilistic cloning of a state chosen from a mutually nonorthogonal set of pure states, with the help of a party holding supplementary information in the form of pure states. When the number of states is 2, we show that the best efficiency of producing m copies is always achieved by a two-step protocol in which the helping party first attempts to produce m-1 copies from the supplementary state, and if it fails, then the original state is used to produce m copies. On the other hand, when the number of states exceeds two, the best efficiency is not always achieved by such a protocol. We give examples in which the best efficiency is not achieved even if we allow any amount of one-way classical communication from the helping party.
description: 6 pages, no figures
Characterising and bounding the set of quantum behaviours in contextuality scenarios
Creators: name: Chaturvedi, Anubhav
name: Farkas, Máté
name: Wright, Victoria J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictions of quantum theory resist generalised noncontextual explanations. In addition to the foundational relevance of this fact, the particular extent to which quantum theory violates noncontextuality limits available quantum advantage in communication and information processing. In the first part of this work, we formally define contextuality scenarios via prepare-and-measure experiments, along with the polytope of general contextual behaviours containing the set of quantum contextual behaviours. This framework allows us to recover several properties of set of quantum behaviours in these scenarios, including contextuality scenarios and associated noncontextuality inequalities that require for their violation the individual quantum preparation and measurement procedures to be mixed states and unsharp measurements. With the framework in place, we formulate novel semidefinite programming relaxations for bounding these sets of quantum contextual behaviours. Most significantly, to circumvent the inadequacy of pure states and projective measurements in contextuality scenarios, we present a novel unitary operator based semidefinite relaxation technique. We demonstrate the efficacy of these relaxations by obtaining tight upper bounds on the quantum violation of several noncontextuality inequalities and identifying novel maximally contextual quantum strategies. To further illustrate the versatility of these relaxations, we demonstrate monogamy of preparation contextuality in a tripartite setting, and present a secure semi-device independent quantum key distribution scheme powered by quantum advantage in parity oblivious random access codes.
description: Revised version, accepted in Quantum
Transshipment in the United States
Creators: name: Andriamananjara, Soamiely
name: Arce, Hugh M.
name: Ferrantino, Michael J.
name: Andriamananjara, Soamiely
name: Arce, Hugh M.
name: Ferrantino, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Data representing transshipment or re-exports are almost always excluded from analytical portrayals of international trade, yet transshipment is potentially an important phenomenon in understanding a number of economic questions, and is increasing in importance. Rapid technological change in areas such as containerization and hub-and-spoke routing has promoted the practice of transshipment. While there are significant gaps in the data, the share of re-exports in global exports has undoubtedly increased rapidly, from perhaps 1 in 20 in the mid- 1980s to perhaps 1 in 6 today. Econometric analysis of U.S. domestic exports and foreign exports (re-exports) over pairs of U.S. ports and destinations suggests that re-exports are significantly more sensitive than domestic exports to factors influencing transaction costs, including distance, containerization, price-fixing liner agreements, and port efficiency and restrictive port policies in the importing country.
Deliverable 8.2 Report on tasks 8.1-8.5
Creators: name: Svare, Helge
name: Dahl Gjefsen, Mads
name: Thorstensen, Erik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FIT4FOOD2030
Dissemination
Responsible Research and Innovation
Food and Nutrition Security
FOOD2030EU
Food system transformation
Tools for transformation
Horizon Europe Programme
Learning for Transformation

description: This deliverable summarizes central tasks handled by work package (WP) 8 in FIT4FOOD2030. WP8 is dedicated to learning for transformation, and encompasses tasks for stakeholder engagement and network building, visioning, theories of change, as well as learning and reflection within the project. The tasks are outlined in more detail in the subsequent chapters; the following sections highlight key findings in each area.
Post-Newtonian Spherically Symmetrical Accretion
Creators: name: Kremer, Gilberto M.
name: Mehret, Leandro C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objetive of this work is to investigate the influence of the corrections to the spherical symmetrical accretion of an infinity gas cloud characterized by a polytropic equation into a massive object due to the post-Newtonian approximation.The post-Newtonian corrections to the critical values of the flow velocity, sound velocity and radial distance are obtained from the system of hydrodynamics equations in spherical coordinates. The critical point in the post-Newtonian approximation accretion does not correspond to the transonic point like in Newtonian theory. An equation for the Mach number was obtained as a function of a dimensionless radial coordinate. It was considered that the ratio of the sound velocity far the massive body and the speed of light was of order $a_\infty/c=10^{-2}$. The analysis of the solution led to following results: the Mach number for the Newtonian and post-Newtonian accretion have practically the same values for radial distances of order of the critical radial distance; by decreasing the radial distance the Mach number for the Newtonian accretion is bigger than the one for the post-Newtonian accretion; the Mach number increases by decreasing the ratio of the specific heats; the difference between the Newtonian and post-Newtonian Mach numbers when the ratio $a_\infty/c\ll10^{-2}$ is insignificant. The effect of the correction terms in post-Newtonian Bernoulli equation is more perceptive for the lowest values of the radial distance, and the solutions for $a_\infty/c>10^{-2}$ does not lead to a continuous inflow and outflow velocity at the critical point. A comparison of the solutions with those that follow from a relativistic Bernoulli equation shows that the dependence of the Mach number with the radial distance of the former is bigger than the post-Newtonian ones.
description: To appear in PRD
Neutrino events from SN1987A revisited
Creators: name: Bekman, B.
name: Holeczek, J.
name: Kisiel, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The e- and e+ energy spectra from the SN1987A Supernova neutrino burst interactions are calculated and compared to the observed spectra in Kamiokande-II and IMB experiments. Neutrino oscillations in Supernova and regeneration effects in the Earth, for four combinations of neutrino mass hierarchy (Direct/Inverted) and the value of the mixing angle Theta_13 (Large/Small), are taken into account. The influence of the (anti)neutrino production spectra in Supernova on the observed, in Kamiokande-II and IMB detectors, e-/e+ spectra is shown.
description: Postscript file: 7 pages, 3 figures; tar-compressed file: tex source code, eps figures. Talk given at the XXIX Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics, August 30 - September 6, 2005, Piaski, Poland. To be published in Acta. Phys. Pol. B37 No 1 (2006)
Alternative Approaches in Estimating the Economic Effects of Non-Tariff Measures: Results from Newly Quantified Measures
Creators: name: Andriamananjara, Soamiely
name: Ferrantino, Michael J.
name: Tsigas, Marinos E.
name: Andriamananjara, Soamiely
name: Ferrantino, Michael J.
name: Tsigas, Marinos E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper introduces a set of new estimates of NTM price gaps in a standard simulation model and studies the economic effects of their removal. The economic impact of removing the NTMs on footwear, wearing apparel, and processed foods are estimated and discussed using three different techniques (tariff equivalent, export tax equivalent and sand-in-the-wheels). For all of the considered sectors, NTM liberalization leads to a large increase in world trade, and an improved global welfare. Most of the gains from the elimination of NTMs accrue to the liberalizing regions.
Direct driving of electronic and phononic degrees of freedom in a honeycomb bilayer with infrared light
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Vega, Martin
name: Vogl, Michael
name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically AB-stacked honeycomb bilayers driven by light in resonance with an infrared phonon within a tight-binding description. We characterize the phonon properties of honeycomb bilayers with group theory and construct an electronic time-dependent tight-binding model for the system following photo-excitation in resonance with an infrared phonon. We adopt an "atomically adiabatic" approximation, introduced by Mohantya and Heller PNAS 116, 18316 (2019) to describe classically vibrating nuclei, but obtain the Floquet quasienergy spectrum associated with the time-dependent model exactly. We introduce a general scheme to disentangle the complex low-frequency Floquet spectrum to elucidate the relevant Floquet bands. As a prototypical example, we consider bilayer graphene. We find that light in the low-frequency regime can induce a bandgap in the quasienergy spectrum in the vicinity of the K points even if it is linearly polarized, in contrast with the expectations within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the high-frequency regime. Finally, we analyze the diabaticity of the driven electron and driven phonon processes and found contrasting effects on the autocorrelation functions at the same driving frequency: driven phonons preserve the character of the initial state while driven electrons exhibit strong deviations within a few drive cycles. The procedure outlined here can be applied to other materials to describe the combined effects of low-frequency light on phonons and electrons.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Long-term influence of jams and LWD pieces on channel morphology, Carnation Creek, B.C.
Creators: name: Luzi, David S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The importance of large woody debris (LWD) pieces and jams on channel morphology and aquatic habitat is reflected by the growth in research in this area that has occurred in the last thirty years, especially in the Pacific Northwest. Despite a long history of research, relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial and temporal effects of jams on channel morphology. Twenty-eight years of cross-sectional surveys (1971-1998) and two extensive longitudinal profile surveys (1991 and 1999) document the influence that jams have on channel morphology at Carnation Creek, B.C. Dramatic changes were observed upstream of a recently formed jam, which included bankfull width increases as much as 178% and sediment accumulation that resulted in decreased mean depths and, in some cases in-channel elevation exceeding bank elevation by 0.5 m. Jam-related changes in channel morphology were found to occur throughout the longitudinal profile of the stream. Variation of LWD volumes, bankfull width, stream gradient, sediment size and in-channel sediment storage were found to increase with proximity to jams. This variation not only depends on jam presence and position within the channel but also on jam age, with younger jams having the greatest influence on these morphologic parameters. A novel approach using cumulative departure plots successfully identified zones of aggradation and degradation; these zones were in large part determined by jam functioning in each of the zones. LWD characteristics between the two longitudinal profile surveys changed, reflecting the trend to larger size classes in LWD diameter and length. Changes in jam characteristics as a ' result of jam aging between the two surveys periods were identified. A period of jam 'conditioning' was identified as being an essential determinant in the overall influence of a jam on channel morphology. As a result of the aging process jams have a tendency towards decreased influence on channel morphologic parameters, which is primarily due to a reduction in sediment retention ability with time. LWD was present in at least 88 % of the pools in Carnation Creek, with jams being proximate to greater than 65 % of the pools. An analysis of residual depths was undertaken to examine variation in channel thalweg elevation. Variation between 1991 and 1999 was found to occur at smaller scales than previously reported. This study further elucidates the spatial and temporal co-evolution of LWD jams and channel morphology. Inferring channel forming events based on the ages of jam structures may prove to be a useful tool when attempting to design forest road crossings in areas with inadequate peak flow records. An understanding of the spatial and temporal nature of jams may also aid in the design and implementation of in-stream restoration projects in anthropogenically and naturally disturbed systems.
Finitely presentable, non-Hopfian groups with Kazhdan's Property (T) and infinite outer automorphism group
Creators: name: de Cornulier, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F28 (Primary) 20G25, 17B56 (Secondary)

description: We give simple examples of Kazhdan groups with infinite outer automorphism groups. This answers a question of Paulin, independently answered by Ollivier and Wise by completely different methods. As arithmetic lattices in (non-semisimple) Lie groups, our examples are in addition finitely presented. We also use results of Abels about compact presentability of p-adic groups to exhibit a finitely presented non-Hopfian Kazhdan group. This answers a question of Ollivier and Wise.
description: 9 pages, no figure. v4: statement of Theorem 3.1 corrected
Lorentzian Dynamics and Factorization Beyond Rationality
Creators: name: Chang, Chi-Ming
name: Lin, Ying-Hsuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the emergence of topological defect lines in the conformal Regge limit of two-dimensional conformal field theory. We explain how a local operator can be factorized into a holomorphic and an anti-holomorphic defect operator connected through a topological defect line, and discuss implications on Lorentzian dynamics including aspects of chaos. We derive a formula relating the infinite boost limit, which holographically encodes the "opacity" of bulk scattering, to the action of topological defect lines on local operators. Leveraging the unitary bound on the opacity and the positivity of fusion coefficients, we show that the spectral radii of a large class of topological defect lines are given by their loop expectation values. Factorization also gives a formula relating the local and defect operator algebras, and fusion categorical data. We then review factorization in rational conformal field theory from a defect perspective, and examine irrational theories. On the orbifold branch of the $c = 1$ free boson theory, we find a unified description for the topological defect lines through which the twist fields are factorized; at irrational points, the twist fields factorize through "non-compact" topological defect lines which exhibit continuous defect operator spectra. Along the way, we initiate the development of a formalism to characterize non-compact topological defect lines.
description: 41+30 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; v2: significant updates, enriched discussion on non-compact TDLs, extended scope of opacity bound, added TDL fusion rule in orbifold theory; v3: minor revision; v4: added Proposition 1
Kirchliche Entscheidungen als Prüfstein für die ökumenische Bewegung
Creators: name: Andersen, Dieter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 19 Nr. 1 (1970): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 19, Heft 1
Asymptotic results with generalized estimating equations for longitudinal data
Creators: name: Balan, R. M.
name: Schiopu-Kratina, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F12 (Primary) 62J12. (Secondary)

description: We consider the marginal models of Liang and Zeger [Biometrika 73 (1986) 13-22] for the analysis of longitudinal data and we develop a theory of statistical inference for such models. We prove the existence, weak consistency and asymptotic normality of a sequence of estimators defined as roots of pseudo-likelihood equations.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000001255 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Aspects of autoregulation: the effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase and gap junction communication inhibition on myogenic tone
Creators: name: Lam, Eugene Keith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Autoregulation of blood flow in small arteries and arterioles is a combination of myogenic, neural, humoral and metabolic effects. The interaction between these effects allows capillary blood flow to remain relatively constant in spite of changes in blood pressure. And, myogenic or pressure-induced tone significantly contributes to the overall contractile state of many vascular beds for example, in the coronary, mesenteric, skeletal muscle and cerebral circulations. Cytosolic calcium concentration is the primary factor that governs the contractility during the myogenic response. However, several cellular events can modulate the reactivity of smooth muscle cells. Two such processes include the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and intercellular communication mediated via gap junctions. Two inhibitors of MAP kinase, U0126 and PD98059, were used to determine the effects of MAP kinase inhibition on myogenic tone in the rat middle cerebral artery. In addition, their inhibitory effects on vasopressin- and depolarization-induced constrictions were determined. PD98059 was nonselective and partially inhibited the three forms of vasoconstriction. U0126 (at 10µM) selectively inhibited myogenic tone and agonist-induced tone but not depolarization-induced tone. Furthermore, indolactam, an activator of protein kinase C, was not affected at this concentration. These results suggest that MAP kinase may be involved in the regulation of myogenic and agonist-induced tone. Two inhibitors of gap junction coupling, heptanol and α-glycyrrhetinic acid (α-GA) were used to determine the role of cell-to-cell communication in myogenic tone. Both inhibitors exhibited similar trends in inhibiting myogenic and vasopressin-induced tone. However, heptanol also inhibited depolarization-induced tone but not a-GA indicating that heptanol may inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. These results suggest that myogenic tone may be mediated through a similar signaling cascade as the receptor-mediated vasopressin response. Also, the selectivity of α- GA suggests that a significant proportion of smooth muscle cells are insensitive to agonist or pressure stimulation and require gap junction-coupled cells for activation.
The NAFTA Preference and U.S.-Mexico Trade
Creators: name: Agama, Laurie-Ann
name: McDaniel, Christine A.
name: Agama, Laurie-Ann
name: McDaniel, Christine A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper focuses on the U.S. tariff preference afforded to Mexico vis-à-vis non-NAFTA trading partners, and allows us to evaluate the impact of NAFTA in a manner consistent with the idea behind a preferential trading agreement. The estimation technique exploits the time-varying dimension of the tariff preference, over 1983 to 2001. We find that a higher tariff preference corresponds to increased U.S. import demand for goods, and that import demand was more responsive to changes in the tariff preference once NAFTA was in place than it was on average.
Konsistenzerhaltung von Feature-Modellen durch externe Sichten
Creators: name: Ateş, Atilla
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: software engineering
model-driven software development
consistency preservation
Vitruvius
FeatureIDE
feature model
software product lines
model view consistency
external views
text-to-model
model transformation
XML
XSD

description: Bei der Produktlinienentwicklung werden Software-Produktlinien(SPLs) meistens Featureorientiert strukturiert und organisiert. Um die gemeinsamen und variablen Merkmale der Produkte einer Produktlinie darzustellen, können Feature-Modelle verwendet werden. Ein Software-Werkzeug zum Erstellen und Editieren von Feature-Modellen ist FeatureIDE, welche die Zustände der Feature-Modelle als Dateien der Extensible Markup Language (XML) persistiert. Bei der Entwicklung von Software-Systemen existieren allerdings mehrere unterschiedliche Artefakte. Diese können sich Informationen mit den Feature-Modellen teilen. Um diese Artefakte und Modelle gemeinsam automatisch evolvieren zu können, werden Konsistenzerhaltungsansätze benötigt. Solche Ansätze sind jedoch nicht mit den persistierten XML-Dateien kompatibel. In dieser Arbeit implementieren wir eine bidirektionale Modell-zu-Text-Transformation, welche die als XML-Dateien persistierten Zustände der FeatureIDE-Modelle in geeignete Modellrepräsentationen überführt, um daraus feingranulare Änderungssequenzen abzuleiten. Diese können zur deltabasierten Konsistenzerhaltung verwendet werden. Für die Modellrepräsentation verwenden wir ein bestehendes Metamodell für Variabilität. Zur Ableitung der Änderungssequenzen wird ein existierendes Konsistenzerhaltungsframework eingesetzt. Wir validieren die Korrektheit der Transformation mithilfe von Round-Trip-Tests. Dabei zeigen wir, dass die in dieser Arbeit implementierte Transformation alle geteilten Informationen zwischen FeatureIDE und dem Variabilitäts-Metamodell korrekt transformiert. Zudem können mithilfe der in dieser Arbeit implementierten Transformation und mit dem verwendeten Konsistenzerhaltungsframework zu 94,44% korrekte feingranulare Änderungssequenzen aus den als XML-Datei persistierten Zuständen der FeatureIDE-Modelle abgeleitet werden.
Protecting U.S. Intellectual Property Rights and the Challenges of Digital Piracy
Creators: name: Johnson, Christopher
name: Walworth, Daniel J.
name: Johnson, Christopher
name: Walworth, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: According to U.S. industry and government officials, intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement has reached critical levels in the United States as well as abroad. The speed and ease with which the duplication of products protected by IPR can occur has created an urgent need for industries and governments alike to address the protection of IPR in order to keep markets open to trade in the affected goods. Copyrighted products such as software, movies, music and video recordings, and other media products have been particularly affected by inadequate IPR protection. New tools, such as writable compact discs (CDs) and, of course, the Internet have made duplication not only effortless and low-cost, but anonymous as well. This paper discusses the merits of IPR protection and its importance to the U.S. economy. It then provides background on various technical, legal, and trade policy methods that have been employed to control the infringement of IPR domestically and internationally. This is followed by an analysis of current and future challenges facing U.S. industry with regard to IPR protection, particularly the challenges presented by the Internet and digital piracy.
Scalar Decay in Chaotic Mixing
Creators: name: Thiffeault, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the local theory of mixing, which focuses on infinitesimal blobs of scalar being advected and stretched by a random velocity field. An advantage of this theory is that it provides elegant analytical results. A disadvantage is that it is highly idealised. Nevertheless, it provides insight into the mechanism of chaotic mixing and the effect of random fluctuations on the rate of decay of the concentration field of a passive scalar.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures. Springer-Verlag conference style svmult.cls (included). Published in "Transport in Geophysical Flows: Ten Years After," Proceedings of the Grand Combin Summer School, 14-24 June 2004, Valle d'Aosta, Italy. Fixed some typos
An Analysis of the Impact of European Union and United States Dairy Policies on EU-U.S. Trade in Milk Protein Concentrate
Creators: name: Gehrke, Brad C.
name: Babula, Ronald A.
name: Coleman, Jonathan R.
name: Gehrke, Brad C.
name: Babula, Ronald A.
name: Coleman, Jonathan R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: During 1996-2000, U.S. imports of milk protein concentrate (MPC) increased rapidly. At the same time, Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) stocks of non-fat dry milk (NFDM) went from nothing to more than 500 million pounds. Consequently, U.S. milk producers attributed low milk prices and dairy farmer income during this period to the increased imports of MPC. U.S. milk producers were especially concerned with MPC imports for two reasons. First, MPC between 40 and 90 percent protein had been classified in subheading 0404.90.10 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS). Thus, MPC was not subject to the tariff-rate quotas applied to many other dairy products. Second, MPC produced in the European Union (EU) and exported to the United States was eligible for production and export subsidies. Along with the high U.S. internal milk protein prices maintained by the Dairy Price Support Program, and volatile world prices of NFDM, these policies created economic rents for trade in MPC between the European Union and the United States. To test the relationship between these policies and U.S. imports of MPC, these economic rents, which were not directly observable, were estimated by combing a set of identifiable variables: (1) the CCC purchase price, (2) the EU export refund, (3) EU casein production aid, and (4) the world price of NFDM as expressed by the Western Europe export price. A vector autoregression model was then estimated using monthly U.S. imports of MPC and the estimate of economic rents. This estimation showed that nearly 40 percent of the variability in U.S. MPC imports was attributable to the estimate of economic rents. These results demonstrate that U.S. and EU policies can not be analyzed in isolation when evaluating the impact of dairy policies on U.S. MPC imports.
Multimode entanglement and telecloning in a noisy environment
Creators: name: Ferraro, A.
name: Paris, M. G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address generation, propagation and application of multipartite continuous variable entanglement in a noisy environment. In particular, we focus our attention on the multimode entangled states achievable by second order nonlinear crystals, {\em i.e.} coherent states of ${\rm SU}(m,1)$ group. The full inseparability in the ideal case is shown, whereas thresholds for separability are given for the tripartite case in the presence of noise. We then consider coherent states of ${\rm SU}(m,1)$ as support for a telecloning protocol, providing the first example of a completely asymmetric $1 \to m$ telecloning. We derive explicitly the optimal relation among the different fidelities of the clones. The effect of noise in the various stages of the protocol is taken into account, thus permitting its adaptive modifications to the noisy environment. In the optimized scheme the clones' fidelity remains maximal even in the presence of losses (in the absence of thermal noise), for propagation times that diverge as the number of modes increases, indicating that telecloning is a more effective way to distribute quantum information then direct transmission followed by local cloning.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Minor revisions. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Clustering of red and blue galaxies around high-redshift 3C radio sources as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope
Creators: name: Ghaffari, Zohreh
name: Haas, Martin
name: Chiaberge, Marco
name: Willner, S. P.
name: Chini, Rolf
name: Hildebrandt, Hendrik
name: de Propris, Roberto
name: West, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To properly understand the evolution of high-redshift galaxy clusters, both passive and star-forming galaxies have to be considered. Here we study the clustering environment of 21 radio galaxies and quasars at 1 1.6, red overdensities at 1.2
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 29 Pages, 20 Figures, 6 Tables
Private Sector Participation in the Water and Wastewater Services Industry
Creators: name: Baumert, Jennifer
name: Bloodgood, Laura
name: Baumert, Jennifer
name: Bloodgood, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: water
subject: wastewater
subject: environmental services
subject: private sector participation

description: Countries introduce private sector participation into the water and wastewater utilities sector for a number of reasons. The introduction of a profit motive may increase efficiency as compared to public management of the water system, and private firms have been noted for customer service improvements. Financial considerations, including revenues from the sale of assets and reductions in the direct cost of providing water services, may also motivate governments to introduce private sector participation in this industry. However, because water is a basic human necessity, the introduction of private participation in this industry sector may raise social, economic, and national security concerns. Private participation in the global water and wastewater industry can take a number of forms- including privatization, greenfield projects, concessions, leases, operation and management contracts, and outsourcing- and most countries employ a mix of methods. A handful of European firms dominate trade and investment in the global water and wastewater utilities market.
Sivers effect in Drell Yan at RHIC
Creators: name: Collins, J. C.
name: Efremov, A. V.
name: Goeke, K.
name: Perdekamp, M. Grosse
name: Menzel, S.
name: Meredith, B.
name: Metz, A.
name: Schweitzer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of a fit to the Sivers effect in deep-inelastic scattering, we make predictions for single-spin asymmetries in the Drell-Yan process at RHIC.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. v2: References and comments added, minor corrections
Cointegrated Vector Autoregression Methods: An Application to Non-Normally Behaving Data on Selected U.S. Sugar-Related Markets
Creators: name: Babula, Ronald A.
name: Newman, Douglas
name: Babula, Ronald A.
name: Newman, Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: cointegration
subject: sugar-based U.S. markets
subject: vector autoregression
subject: vector error correction models

description: The methods of the cointegrated vector autoregression/error correction (VAR/VEC) model are applied to monthly U.S. markets for sugar and for sugar-using markets for confectionary, soft drink, and bakery products. Primarily a methods paper, Johansen and Juselius' methods are applied, with a special focus on addressing well-known issues that preclude statistically normal behavior, and that confront the modelled sugar-based data. In so doing, we illustrate the effectiveness and the benefits of modelling this sugar-related set of markets as a cointegrated system. Perhaps for the first time, cointegrated VEC model results are used to estimate crucial policy-relevant market parameters that drive the markets, as well as to illuminate the dynamic nature of the relationships linking these sugar-based markets.
Time-Evolving Weiss Fields in the Stochastic Approach to Quantum Spins
Creators: name: Begg, S. E.
name: Green, A. G.
name: Bhaseen, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate non-equilibrium quantum spin systems via an exact mapping to stochastic differential equations. This description is invariant under a shift in the mean of the Gaussian noise. We show that one can extend the simulation time for real-time dynamics in one and two dimensions by a judicious choice of this shift. This can be updated dynamically in order to reduce the impact of stochastic fluctuations. We discuss the connection to drift gauges in the gauge-P literature.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Polynomial extension of Fleck's congruence
Creators: name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B65; 05A10; 11A07; 11B68; 11S05

description: Let $p$ be a prime, and let $f(x)$ be an integer-valued polynomial. By a combinatorial approach, we obtain a nontrivial lower bound of the $p$-adic order of the sum $$\sum_{k=r(mod p^β)}\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k f([(k-r)/p^α]),$$ where $α\geβ\ge 0$, $n\ge p^{α-1}$ and $r\in Z$. This polynomial extension of Fleck's congruence has various backgrounds and several consequences such as $$\sum_{k=r(mod p^α)}\binom{n}{k} a^k\equiv 0 (mod p^{[(n-p^{α-1})/ϕ(p^α)]})$$ provided that $α>1$ and $a\equiv-1(mod p)$.
description: 11 pages
Closed-Form Minkowski Sums of Convex Bodies with Smooth Positively Curved Boundaries
Creators: name: Ruan, Sipu
name: Chirikjian, Gregory S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article derives closed-form parametric formulas for the Minkowski sums of convex bodies in d-dimensional Euclidean space with boundaries that are smooth and have all positive sectional curvatures at every point. Under these conditions, there is a unique relationship between the position of each boundary point and the surface normal. The main results are presented as two theorems. The first theorem directly parameterizes the Minkowski sums using the unit normal vector at each surface point. Although simple to express mathematically, such a parameterization is not always practical to obtain computationally. Therefore, the second theorem derives a more useful parametric closed-form expression using the gradient that is not normalized. In the special case of two ellipsoids, the proposed expressions are identical to those derived previously using geometric interpretations. In order to examine the results, numerical validations and comparisons of the Minkowski sums between two superquadric bodies are conducted. Applications to generate configuration space obstacles in motion planning problems and to improve optimization-based collision detection algorithms are introduced and demonstrated.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
Tunable all-optical switching in periodic structures with liquid-crystal defects
Creators: name: Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.
name: Pinkevych, Igor
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that tunable orientational nonlinearity of nematic liquid crystals can be employed for all-optical switching in periodic photonic structures with liquid-crystal defects. We consider a one-dimensional periodic structure of Si layers with a local defect created by infiltrating a liquid crystal into a pore, and demonstrate, by solving numerically a system of coupled nonlinear equations for the nematic director and the propagating electric field, that the light-induced Freedericksz transition can lead to a sharp switching and diode operation in the photonic devices.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Optics Express
Weakly reinforced Pólya urns on countable networks
Creators: name: Couzinié, Yannick
name: Hirsch, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary) 60G55, 60G50 (Secondary)

description: We study the long-time asymptotics of a network of weakly reinforced Pólya urns. In this system, which extends the WARM introduced by R. van der Hofstad et. al. (2016) to countable networks, the nodes fire at times given by a Poisson point process. When a node fires, one of the incident edges is selected with a probability proportional to its weight raised to a power $α< 1$, and then this weight is increased by $1$. We show that for $α< 1/2$ on a network of bounded degrees, every edge is reinforced a positive proportion of time, and that the limiting proportion can be interpreted as an equilibrium in a countable network. Moreover, in the special case of regular graphs, this homogenization remains valid beyond the threshold $α= 1/2$.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, updated with corrections and journal reference (results unchanged)
IMPLICATIONS OF THE 2002 U.S. FARM ACT FOR WORLD AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Kruse, John R.
name: Kruse, John R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implications of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act (FSRIA) of 2002 for U.S. agriculture and its subsequent impact on world agricultural prices and world trade. In order to effectively illustrate the implications of the 2002 Act it is important to consider it in the context of the changes already made in previous farm acts. As the paper develops, many of the changes in U.S. cropping patterns were already captured by the policy changes occurring under the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act. The estimated impact of the 2002 Act on commodity production is minimal and, therefore, estimated price changes are relatively small. In the conclusions is a discussion on how trends in U.S. farm policy tend to reflect international agricultural policy, an important observation as World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations are anticipated. Policy changes in the 2002 Act are discussed in detail followed by a description of how the policy instruments are incorporated in the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute's (FAPRI) U.S. crops model. Implications of the policy changes for the 2002 Act are discussed relative to a continuation of the FAIR Act. A brief review of the possible implications for longer-term trade, production, consumption, and prices are also included. Finally, some observations are included that trace the evolution of U.S. farm programs, especially the trend toward designs in the European Union.
WTO COMPATIBILITY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY CHANGE IN NORTH AMERICA
Creators: name: Josling, Timothy E.
name: Josling, Timothy E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) imposed significant constraints on domestic farm policy in the three North American countries, as it did in other parts of the developed world. This paper considers the nature of those constraints, the compatibility of recent policy changes with the letter and the spirit of the URAA, and the position taken by the three North American countries in the agricultural component of the current Doha round of negotiations in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Some tentative conclusions are reached on the impact that agreement on a package similar to that contained in the recent Harbinson draft text would have on the agricultural policies of Canada, Mexico and the US.
Irreversible entropy production, from quantum to classical
Creators: name: Landi, Gabriel T.
name: Paternostro, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entropy production is a key quantity in any finite-time thermodynamic process. It is intimately tied with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, embodying a tool to extend thermodynamic considerations all the way to non-equilibrium processes. It is also often used in attempts to provide the quantitative characterization of logical and thermodynamic irreversibility, stemming from processes in physics, chemistry and biology. Notwithstanding its fundamental character, a unifying theory of entropy production valid for general processes, both classical and quantum, has not yet been formulated. Developments pivoting around the frameworks of stochastic thermodynamics, open quantum systems, and quantum information theory have led to substantial progress in such endeavour. This has culminated in the unlocking of a new generation of experiments able to address stochastic thermodynamic processes and the impact of entropy production on them. This paper aims to provide a compendium on the current framework for the description, assessment and manipulation of entropy production. We present both formal aspects of its formulation and the implications stemming from the potential quantum nature of a given process, including a detailed survey of recent experiments.
Interacting Phantom Energy and Avoidance of the Big Rip Singularity
Creators: name: Curbelo, Ruben
name: Gonzalez, Tame
name: León, Genly
name: Quiros, Israel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of the universe with arbitrary (non gravitational) interaction between the components of the cosmic fluid: the phantom energy and the background, are investigated. A general form of the interaction that is inspired in scalar-tensor theories of gravity is considered. No specific model for the phantom fluid is assumed. We concentrate our investigation on solutions that are free of the coincidence problem. We found a wide region in the parameter space where the solutions are free of the big rip singularity also. Physical arguments, together with arguments based on the analysis of the observational evidence, suggest that phantom models without big rip singularity might be preferred by Nature.
description: 10 pages (Latex format), 6 eps figures. Some arguments rewritten and commets added. 3 eps figures removed. References updated. Section on Supernovae Observations removed. An author added