cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inelastic low-energy collisions of electrons with HeH$^+$: rovibrational excitation and dissociative recombination
Creators: name: Čurík, Roman
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic low-energy (0--1 eV) collisions of electrons with HeH$^+$ cations are treated theoretically, with a focus on the rovibrational excitation and dissociative recombination (DR) channels. In an application of {\it ab initio} multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT), the description of both processes is based on the Born-Oppenheimer quantum defects. The quantum defects were determined using the R-matrix approach in two different frames of reference: the center-of-charge and the center-of-mass frames. The results obtained in the two reference systems, after implementing the Fano-Jungen style rovibrational frame-transformation technique, shows differences in the rate of convergence for these two different frames of reference. We find good agreement with the available theoretically predicted rotationally inelastic thermal rate coefficients. Our computed DR rate also agrees well with available experimental results. Moreover, several computational experiments shed light on the role of rotational and vibrational excitations in the indirect DR mechanism that governs the low energy HeH$^+$ dissociation process. While the rotational excitation is several orders of magnitude more probable process at the studied collision energies, the closed-channel resonances described by the high-n, rotationally excited neutral molecules of HeH contribute very little to the dissociation probability. But the situation is very different for resonances defined by the high-n, vibrationally excited HeH molecules, which are found to dissociate with approximately 90% probability.
Error analysis of randomized Runge-Kutta methods for differential equations with time-irregular coefficients
Creators: name: Kruse, Raphael
name: Wu, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 65L05, 65L06, 65L20

description: This paper contains an error analysis of two randomized explicit Runge-Kutta schemes for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with time-irregular coefficient functions. In particular, the methods are applicable to ODEs of Carathéodory type, whose coefficient functions are only integrable with respect to the time variable but are not assumed to be continuous. A further field of application are ODEs with coefficient functions that contain weak singularities with respect to the time variable. The main result consists of precise bounds for the discretization error with respect to the $L^p(Ω;\mathbb{R}^d)$-norm. In addition, convergence rates are also derived in the almost sure sense. An important ingredient in the analysis are corresponding error bounds for the randomized Riemann sum quadrature rule. The theoretical results are illustrated through a few numerical experiments.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
title: A Taxonomic Revision of the Species of "Selaginella" Beauv. Subgenus "Stachygynandrum" (Beauv.) Bak. from West Africa and Madagascar
Creators: name: Quansah, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 1986

description: A taxonomic revision of the species of the genus Selaginella Beauv. has been undertaken. The study was concentrated on the species of the subgenus' Stachygynandrum (Beauv-) Bak. found in West Africa and Madagascar. On the basis of the examination of the morphological features - vegetative and reproductive -a total of 29 species have been recognized to be present in West Africa and Madagascar. Twenty species occur in West Africa, 11 species are found in Madagascar while two species are common to both areas. All the 29 species have been described, illustrated and keys for their identification given. A new species - S. serrato-squarrosa Quansah - from West Africa has been identified. A proposed scheme of classification for the genus Selaginella. is given. In this scheme, the genus is divided into two subgenera - Selaginella Bak. and Stachygynandrum - while subgenus Stacchygynandrum is subdivided into two sections - Ibmiostachys (Bak. ) Quansah and Heterostachys (Bak. ) Quansah.
Finite-distance corrections to the gravitational bending angle of light in the strong deflection limit
Creators: name: Ishihara, Asahi
name: Suzuki, Yusuke
name: Ono, Toshiaki
name: Asada, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuing work initiated in an earlier publication [Ishihara, Suzuki, Ono, Kitamura, Asada, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 94}, 084015 (2016) ], we discuss a method of calculating the bending angle of light in a static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime, especially by taking account of the finite distance from a lens object to a light source and a receiver. For this purpose, we use the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to define the bending angle of light, such that the definition can be valid also in the strong deflection limit. Finally, this method is applied to Schwarzschild spacetime in order to discuss also possible observational implications. The proposed corrections for Sgr A$^{\ast}$ for instance are able to amount to $\sim 10^{-5}$ arcseconds for some parameter range, which may be within the capability of near-future astronomy, while also the correction for the Sun in the weak field limit is $\sim 10^{-5}$ arcseconds.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, Appendix added, accepted by PRD
Unified Dynamics Theory (UDT); Bridging Classical Gravity and Quantum Mechanics.
Creators: name: Pearson, Sam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510802
subject: Foundations of quantum mechanics
classificationCode: 510803
subject: Quantum information, computation and communication
classificationCode: 510804
subject: Quantum optics and quantum optomechanics
classificationCode: 510805
subject: Quantum technologies
classificationCode: 510399
subject: Classical physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 510999
subject: Space sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In summary, these equations propose a way of looking at the universe's evolution by considering its starting conditions, the influence of gravity, and the uncertainties inherent in quantum mechanics. However, it's essential to note that these equations are speculative and would require rigorous testing and acceptance by the scientific community to be considered a valid description of the universe.
Entropy production for complex Langevin equations
Creators: name: Borlenghi, Simone
name: Iubini, Stefano
name: Lepri, Stefano
name: Fransson, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study irreversible processes for nonlinear oscillators networks described by complex-valued Langevin equations that account for coupling to different thermo-chemical baths. Dissipation is introduced via non-Hermitian terms in the Hamiltonian of the model. We apply the stochastic thermodynamics formalism to compute explicit expressions for the entropy production rates. We discuss in particular the non-equilibrium steady states of the network characterised by a constant production rate of entropy and flows of energy and particle currents. For two specific examples, a one-dimensional chain and a dimer, numerical calculations are presented. The role of asymmetric coupling among the oscillators on the entropy production is illustrated.
Predicting HCN, HCO+, multi-transition CO, and dust emission of star-forming galaxies From local spiral and ultraluminous infrared galaxies to high-z star-forming and submillimeter galaxies
Creators: name: Vollmer, B.
name: Gratier, P.
name: Braine, J.
name: Bot, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) In this work we have a closer look at the gas content or fraction and the associated star formation rate in main sequence and starburst galaxies at z=0 and z~1-2 by applying an analytical model of galactic clumpy gas disks to samples of local spiral galaxies, ULIRGs, submillimeter (smm), and high-z starforming galaxies. The model gas and dust temperatures are determined by the heating and cooling equilibrium. Dense clouds are heated by turbulent mechanical and cosmic ray heating. The molecular abundances of individual gas clouds are determined by a detailed chemical network involving the cloud lifetime, density, and temperature. Molecular line emission is calculated with an escape probability formalism. The model calculates simultaneously the total gas mass, HI/H_2 mass, the gas velocity dispersion, IR luminosity, IR spectral energy distribution, CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED), HCN(1-0), and HCO+(1-0) emission of a galaxy given its size, integrated star formation rate, stellar mass radial profile, rotation curve, and Toomre Q parameter. The model reproduces the observed CO luminosities and SLEDs of all sample galaxies within the model uncertainties (~0.3 dex). Whereas the CO emission is robust against the variation of model parameters, the HCN and HCO+ emission is sensitive to the chemistry of the interstellar medium. The CO and HCN mass-to-light conversion factors including CO-dark H_2 are given and compared to the values found in the literature. Both, the HCN and HCO+ emission trace the dense molecular gas to a factor of ~2 for the local spiral galaxies, ULIRGs and smm-galaxies. About 80% of the molecular line emission of compact starburst galaxies originates in non-selfgravitating gas clouds. The integrated Kennicutt-Schmidt law has a slope of ~1 for the local spirals, ULIRGs, and smm-galaxies, whereas the slope is 1.7 for high-z starforming galaxies.
description: accepted for publication in A&A; corrected version The smm and high-z starforming galaxies were erroneously treated as if they were local galaxies. This lead to differences in the CO fluxes of about 10% and in the HCN and HCO+ fluxes of about 25-30%. Given that the model uncertainties are of the order of a factor of 2 (Sect. 4), this does not change the discussion nor the conclusions
Generalized moving least squares vs. radial basis function finite difference methods for approximating surface derivatives
Creators: name: Jones, Andrew M.
name: Bosler, Peter A.
name: Kuberry, Paul A.
name: a, Grady B. Wright
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D05, 65D25, 65M06, 65M75, 65N06, 65N75, 41A05, 41A10, 41A15

description: Approximating differential operators defined on two-dimensional surfaces is an important problem that arises in many areas of science and engineering. Over the past ten years, localized meshfree methods based on generalized moving least squares (GMLS) and radial basis function finite differences (RBF-FD) have been shown to be effective for this task as they can give high orders of accuracy at low computational cost, and they can be applied to surfaces defined only by point clouds. However, there have yet to be any studies that perform a direct comparison of these methods for approximating surface differential operators (SDOs). The first purpose of this work is to fill that gap. For this comparison, we focus on an RBF-FD method based on polyharmonic spline kernels and polynomials (PHS+Poly) since they are most closely related to the GMLS method. Additionally, we use a relatively new technique for approximating SDOs with RBF-FD called the tangent plane method since it is simpler than previous techniques and natural to use with PHS+Poly RBF-FD. The second purpose of this work is to relate the tangent plane formulation of SDOs to the local coordinate formulation used in GMLS and to show that they are equivalent when the tangent space to the surface is known exactly. The final purpose is to use ideas from the GMLS SDO formulation to derive a new RBF-FD method for approximating the tangent space for a point cloud surface when it is unknown. For the numerical comparisons of the methods, we examine their convergence rates for approximating the surface gradient, divergence, and Laplacian as the point clouds are refined for various parameter choices. We also compare their efficiency in terms of accuracy per computational cost, both when including and excluding setup costs.
Limited range multilinear extrapolation with applications to the bilinear Hilbert transform
Creators: name: Cruz-Uribe, David
name: Martell, José María
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B25, 42B30, 42B35

description: We prove a limited range, off-diagonal extrapolation theorem that generalizes a number of results in the theory of Rubio de Francia extrapolation, and use this to prove a limited range, multilinear extrapolation theorem. We give two applications of this result to the bilinear Hilbert transform. First, we give sufficient conditions on a pair of weights $w_1,\,w_2$ for the bilinear Hilbert transform to satisfy weighted norm inequalities of the form \[ BH : L^{p_1}(w_1^{p_1}) \times L^{p_2}(w_2^{p_2}) \longrightarrow L^p(w^p), \] where $w=w_1w_2$ and $\frac{1}{p}=\frac{1}{p_1}+\frac{1}{p_2}
description: In this version we correct and expand some of our results about vector-valued inequalities for the bilinear Hilbert transform
High-Resolution Spectroscopy of {R}ydberg Molecular States of $^{85}${R}b$_2$ Near the $5s+7p$ Asymptote
Creators: name: Carollo, R. A.
name: Carini, J. L.
name: Eyler, E. E.
name: Gould, P. L.
name: Stwalley, W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rydberg molecules, often exemplified by long-range "trilobite" molecules, are a subject of much recent interest at high principal quantum number $n$. States that use the same bonding mechanism can exist at much lower $n$ and less-extreme internuclear separations that are still quite long range. We use a high-resolution pulsed amplifier to study previously-detected transitions to a low-$n$ Rydberg molecular state near the $5s+7p$ asymptote in $^{85}$Rb$_2$. The observed line structure is modeled using precise ground-state positions and a lower bound of $τ> 1.1 \times 10^{-9}$ s is set on the excited-state autoionization lifetime.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
Selected Charts from Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials , February 2023
Creators: name: Kassel, Kathleen
name: Lanigan, Tiffany
name: Martin, Anikka
name: Michael-Midkiff, Jacqueline
name: Russell, Dylan
name: Ruth, Timothy
name: Sanguinett, Christopher
name: Smits, Jennifer
name: Symanski, Elaine
name: Kassel, Kathleen
name: Lanigan, Tiffany
name: Martin, Anikka
name: Michael-Midkiff, Jacqueline
name: Russell, Dylan
name: Ruth, Timothy
name: Sanguinett, Christopher
name: Smits, Jennifer
name: Symanski, Elaine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Key agriculture indicators
subject: charts
subject: statistics
subject: maps
subject: agriculture, agricultural trade, agricultural production, agricultural prices, natural resources, food consumption, food availability, food prices, food spending, food security, food and nutrition assistance programs, nutrition, farm commodities, farms, farm income, farm sector, rural economy

description: USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) conducts high-quality, objective economic research to inform and enhance public and private decision making on emerging issues in agriculture, food, the environment, and rural America. Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials covers key food and agricultural indicators and illustrates the scope of ERS’s work through a series of charts and maps. This booklet provides a sample of those maps and charts available on the ERS website at www.ers.usda.gov/essentials. Organized into nine topics, Charting the Essentials anticipates questions, such as: How much do agriculture and related industries contribute to the U.S. economy? What economic forces are shaping rural America? What are the top destinations for U.S. agricultural exports? What percent of income do U.S. households spend on food? Charting the Essentials provides a resource for public officials, researchers, educators, students, journalists, and anyone looking for current information on these topics. Visit the ERS website where you can view and download these charts and maps, as well as a variety of reports and other products, such as Charts of Note and Amber Waves online magazine.
The power of teaming up HST and Gaia: the first proper motion measurement of the distant cluster NGC 2419
Creators: name: Massari, Davide
name: Posti, Lorenzo
name: Helmi, Amina
name: Fiorentino, Giuliana
name: Tolstoy, Eline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We present the first measurement of the proper motion and orbit of the very distant and intriguing globular cluster NCG 2419. Methods: We have combined data from HST and Gaia DR1 to derive the relative proper motions of stars in the direction to the cluster. To tie to an absolute reference frame we have used a background galaxy located in the field. Results: We find the absolute proper motion of NGC 2419 to be $(μ_α\cos(δ)$, $μ_δ$)=($-0.17\pm0.26,-0.49\pm0.17$) mas/yr. We have integrated the orbit of the cluster in a Galactic potential and found it to oscillate between $\sim$53 kpc and $\sim$98 kpc on a nearly polar orbit. This makes it very likely that NGC 2419 is a former cluster of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy, also because it shares the same sense of rotation around the Milky Way.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by A&A Letters
Can we "effectivize'' spacetime?
Creators: name: Chen, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to \textit{effective realism}, scientific theories give us knowledge about the unobservable world, but not at the fundamental level. This view is justified by the well-received \textit{effective-field-theory} (EFT) approach to physics, according to which our best physical theories are only applicable up to a certain energy scale and expected to break down beyond that. In this paper, I explain the motivations for the EFT approach and effective realism and their benefits. I also raise new challenges for this approach. Applying effective realism to \textit{effective quantum gravity} (EQG) reveals its shortcomings: EQG does not give us a realistic theory of spacetime even within its scope of validity. It also exposes a general interpretative dilemma faced by all EFTs concerning their indispensable references to classical spacetime beyond their scope of validity.
First Searches for Axions and Axion-Like Particles with the LUX Experiment
Creators: name: Akerib, D. S.
name: Alsum, S.
name: Aquino, C.
name: Araújo, H. M.
name: Bai, X.
name: Bailey, A. J.
name: Balajthy, J.
name: Beltrame, P.
name: Bernard, E. P.
name: Bernstein, A.
name: Biesiadzinski, T. P.
name: Boulton, E. M.
name: Brás, P.
name: Byram, D.
name: Cahn, S. B.
name: Carmona-Benitez, M. C.
name: Chan, C.
name: Chiller, A. A.
name: Chiller, C.
name: Currie, A.
name: Cutter, J. E.
name: Davison, T. J. R.
name: Dobi, A.
name: Dobson, J. E. Y.
name: Druszkiewicz, E.
name: Edwards, B. N.
name: Faham, C. H.
name: Fallon, S. R.
name: Fiorucci, S.
name: Gaitskell, R. J.
name: Gehman, V. M.
name: Ghag, C.
name: Gibson, K. R.
name: Gilchriese, M. G. D.
name: Hall, C. R.
name: Hanhardt, M.
name: Haselschwardt, S. J.
name: Hertel, S. A.
name: Hogan, D. P.
name: Horn, M.
name: Huang, D. Q.
name: Ignarra, C. M.
name: Jacobsen, R. G.
name: Ji, W.
name: Kamdin, K.
name: Kazkaz, K.
name: Khaitan, D.
name: Knoche, R.
name: Larsen, N. A.
name: Lee, C.
name: Lenardo, B. G.
name: Lesko, K. T.
name: Lindote, A.
name: Lopes, M. I.
name: Manalaysay, A.
name: Mannino, R. L.
name: Marzioni, M. F.
name: McKinsey, D. N.
name: Mei, D. M.
name: Mock, J.
name: Moongweluwan, M.
name: Morad, J. A.
name: Murphy, A. St. J.
name: Nehrkorn, C.
name: Nelson, H. N.
name: Neves, F.
name: O'Sullivan, K.
name: Oliver-Mallory, K. C.
name: Palladino, K. J.
name: Pease, E. K.
name: Reichhart, L.
name: Rhyne, C.
name: Shaw, S.
name: Shutt, T. A.
name: Silva, C.
name: Solmaz, M.
name: Solovov, V. N.
name: Sorensen, P.
name: Stephenson, S.
name: Sumner, T. J.
name: Szydagis, M.
name: Taylor, D. J.
name: Taylor, W. C.
name: Tennyson, B. P.
name: Terman, P. A.
name: Tiedt, D. R.
name: To, W. H.
name: Tripathi, M.
name: Tvrznikova, L.
name: Uvarov, S.
name: Velan, V.
name: Verbus, J. R.
name: Webb, R. C.
name: White, J. T.
name: Whitis, T. J.
name: Witherell, M. S.
name: Wolfs, F. L. H.
name: Xu, J.
name: Yazdani, K.
name: Young, S. K.
name: Zhang, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first searches for axions and axion-like particles with the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment are presented. Under the assumption of an axio-electric interaction in xenon, the coupling constant between axions and electrons, gAe is tested, using data collected in 2013 with an exposure totalling 95 live-days $\times$ 118 kg. A double-sided, profile likelihood ratio statistic test excludes gAe larger than 3.5 $\times$ 10$^{-12}$ (90% C.L.) for solar axions. Assuming the DFSZ theoretical description, the upper limit in coupling corresponds to an upper limit on axion mass of 0.12 eV/c$^{2}$, while for the KSVZ description masses above 36.6 eV/c$^{2}$ are excluded. For galactic axion-like particles, values of gAe larger than 4.2 $\times$ 10$^{-13}$ are excluded for particle masses in the range 1-16 keV/c$^{2}$. These are the most stringent constraints to date for these interactions.
Post-processing CHARIS integral field spectrograph data with PyKLIP
Creators: name: Chen, Minghan
name: Wang, Jason J.
name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Currie, Thayne
name: Lozi, Julien
name: Chilcote, Jeffrey
name: Vincent, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the pyKLIP-CHARIS post-processing pipeline, a Python library that reduces high contrast imaging data for the CHARIS integral field spectrograph used with the SCExAO project on the Subaru Telescope. The pipeline is a part of the pyKLIP package, a Python library dedicated to the reduction of direct imaging data of exoplanets, brown dwarfs, and discs. For PSF subtraction, the pyKLIP-CHARIS post-processing pipeline relies on the core algorithms implemented in pyKLIP but uses image registration and calibrations that are unique to CHARIS. We describe the pipeline procedures, calibration results, and capabilities in processing imaging data acquired via the angular differential imaging and spectral differential imaging observing techniques. We showcase its performance on extracting spectra of injected synthetic point sources as well as compare the extracted spectra from real data sets on HD 33632 and HR 8799 to results in the literature. The pipeline is a python-based complement to the SCExAO project supported, widely used (and currently IDL-based) CHARIS data post-processing pipeline (CHARIS DPP) and provides an additional approach to reducing CHARIS data and extracting calibrated planet spectra.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
Polluting White Dwarfs with Perturbed Exo-Comets
Creators: name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model to account for the observed debris disks around young white dwarfs and the presence of metal-lines in their spectra. Stellar evolution models predict that the mass-loss on the AGB will be pulsed; furthermore, observations indicate that the bulk of the mass-loss occurs on the AGB. In this case, if the progenitors of the white dwarfs had remnants of planetary formation like the Sun's Oort cloud or the Kuiper Belt and a planet lying within that cloud or nearby, we find that up to 2% of the planetesimals will fall either into planet-crossing orbits or into chaotic regions after the mass-loss, depending on the location and mass of the planet (from Mars to Neptune). This yields a sufficient mass of comets that can be scattered toward the star, form a debris disk and pollute the atmosphere.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, final version accepted by MNRAS
Observing Exoplanets with High Dispersion Coronagraphy. I. The scientific potential of current and next-generation large ground and space telescopes
Creators: name: Wang, Ji
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Ruane, Garreth
name: Hu, Renyu
name: Benneke, Bjorn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct imaging of exoplanets presents a formidable technical challenge owing to the small angular separation and high contrast between exoplanets and their host stars. High Dispersion Coronagraphy (HDC) is a pathway to achieve unprecedented sensitivity to Earth-like planets in the habitable zone. Here, we present a framework to simulate HDC observations and data analyses. The goal of these simulations is to perform a detailed analysis of the trade-off between raw star light suppression and spectral resolution for various instrument configurations, target types, and science cases. We predict the performance of an HDC instrument at Keck observatory for characterizing directly imaged gas-giant planets in near infrared bands. We also simulate HDC observations of an Earth-like planet using next-generation ground-based (TMT) and spaced-base telescopes (HabEx and LUVOIR). We conclude that ground-based ELTs are more suitable for HDC observations of an Earth-like planet than future space-based missions owing to the considerable difference in collecting area. For ground-based telescopes, HDC observations can detect an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone around an M dwarf star at 10$^{-4}$ starlight suppression level. Compared to the 10$^{-7}$ planet/star contrast, HDC relaxes the starlight suppression requirement by a factor of 10$^3$. For space-based telescopes, detector noise will be a major limitation at spectral resolutions higher than 10$^4$. Considering detector noise and speckle chromatic noise, R=400 (1600) is the optimal spectral resolutions for HabEx(LUVOIR). The corresponding starlight suppression requirement to detect a planet with planet/star contrast=$6.1\times10^{-11}$ is relaxed by a factor of 10 (100) for HabEx (LUVOIR).
description: 28 pages, 21 figures, 8 tables, accepted by AJ
Incompatible Multiple Consistent Sets of Histories and Measures of Quantumness
Creators: name: Halliwell, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the consistent histories (CH) approach to quantum theory probabilities are assigned to histories subject to a consistency condition of negligible interference. The approach has the feature that a given physical situation admits multiple sets of consistent histories that cannot in general be united into a single consistent set, leading to a number of counter-intuitive or contrary properties if propositions from different consistent sets are combined indiscriminately. An alternative viewpoint is proposed in which multiple consistent sets are classified according to whether or not there exists any unifying probability for combinations of incompatible sets which replicates the consistent histories result when restricted to a single consistent set. A number of examples are exhibited in which this classification can be made, in some cases with the assistance of the Bell, CHSH or Leggett-Garg inequalities together with Fine's theorem. When a unifying probability exists logical deductions in different consistent sets can in fact be combined, an extension of the "single framework rule". It is argued that this classification coincides with intuitive notions of the boundary between classical and quantum regimes and in particular, the absence of a unifying probability for certain combinations of consistent sets is regarded as a measure of the "quantumness" of the system. The proposed approach and results are closely related to recent work on the classification of quasi-probabilities and this connection is discussed.
description: 29 pages. Second revised version with discussion of the sample space and non-uniqueness of the unifying probability and small errors corrected
Fabrication d’une cigale chez Jean Estirach. Le nœud est mouillé
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Enabling the Evaluation of Driver Physiology Via Vehicle Dynamics
Creators: name: Ordonez-Hurtado, Rodrigo
name: Wen, Bo
name: Barra, Nicholas
name: Vimba, Ryan
name: Cabrero-Barros, Sergio
name: Zhuk, Sergiy
name: Rogers, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Driving is a daily routine for many individuals across the globe. This paper presents the configuration and methodologies used to transform a vehicle into a connected ecosystem capable of assessing driver physiology. We integrated an array of commercial sensors from the automotive and digital health sectors along with driver inputs from the vehicle itself. This amalgamation of sensors allows for meticulous recording of the external conditions and driving maneuvers. These data streams are processed to extract key parameters, providing insights into driver behavior in relation to their external environment and illuminating vital physiological responses. This innovative driver evaluation system holds the potential to amplify road safety. Moreover, when paired with data from conventional health settings, it may enhance early detection of health-related complications.
description: 7 pages, 11 figures, 2023 IEEE International Conference on Digital Health (ICDH)
HAWC Study of Very-High-Energy $γ$-ray Spectrum of HAWC J1844-034
Creators: name: HAWC Collaboration
name: Albert, A.
name: Alvarez, C.
name: Rojas, D. Avila
name: Solares, H. A. Ayala
name: Babu, R.
name: Belmont-Moreno, E.
name: Breuhaus, M.
name: Capistrán, T.
name: Carramiñana, A.
name: Casanova, S.
name: Cotzomi, J.
name: de León, S. Coutiño
name: De la Fuente, E.
name: Depaoli, D.
name: Hernandez, R. Diaz
name: Dingus, B. L.
name: DuVernois, M. A.
name: Durocher, M.
name: Engel, K.
name: Espinoza, C.
name: Fan, K. L.
name: Fang, K.
name: Fraija, N.
name: García-González, J. A.
name: González, M. M.
name: Goodman, J. A.
name: Groetsch, S.
name: Harding, J. P.
name: Herzog, I.
name: Hinton, J.
name: Huang, D.
name: Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
name: Humensky, T. B.
name: Hüntemeyer, P.
name: Joshi, V.
name: Kaufmann, S.
name: Lee, J.
name: Vargas, H. León
name: Longinotti, A. L.
name: Luis-Raya, G.
name: Malone, K.
name: Martinez, O.
name: Martínez-Castro, J.
name: Matthews, J. A.
name: Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
name: Morales-Soto, J. A.
name: Moreno, E.
name: Mostafá, M.
name: Nellen, L.
name: Noriega-Papaqui, R.
name: Olivera-Nieto, L.
name: Omodei, N.
name: Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
name: Rho, C. D.
name: Rosa-González, D.
name: Ruiz-Velasco, E.
name: Salazar, H.
name: Salazar-Gallegos, D.
name: Sandoval, A.
name: Schneider, M.
name: Serna-Franco, J.
name: Smith, A. J.
name: Son, Y.
name: Springer, R. W.
name: Tibolla, O.
name: Tollefson, K.
name: Torres, I.
name: Torres-Escobedo, R.
name: Turner, R.
name: Ureña-Mena, F.
name: Varela, E.
name: Villaseñor, L.
name: Wang, X.
name: Watson, I. J.
name: Willox, E.
name: Zhou, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the region surrounding eHWC J1842-035 has been studied extensively by gamma-ray observatories due to its extended emission reaching up to a few hundred TeV and potential as a hadronic accelerator. In this work, we use 1,910 days of cumulative data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a dedicated systematic source search of the eHWC J1842-035 region. During the search we have found three sources in the region, namely, HAWC J1844-034, HAWC J1843-032, and HAWC J1846-025. We have identified HAWC J1844-034 as the extended source that emits photons with energies up to 175 TeV. We compute the spectrum for HAWC J1844-034 and by comparing with the observational results from other experiments, we have identified HESS J1843-033, LHAASO J1843-0338, and TASG J1844-038 as very-high-energy gamma-ray sources with a matching origin. Also, we present and use the multi-wavelength data to fit the hadronic and leptonic particle spectra. We have identified four pulsar candidates in the nearby region from which PSR J1844-0346 is found to be the most likely candidate due to its proximity to HAWC J1844-034 and the computed energy budget. We have also found SNR G28.6-0.1 as a potential counterpart source of HAWC J1844-034 for which both leptonic and hadronic scenarios are feasible.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, published in ApJ
Dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators with point interactions in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Creators: name: Iandoli, Felice
name: Scandone, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The study of dispersive properties of Schrödinger operators with point interactions is a fundamental tool for understanding the behavior of many body quantum systems interacting with very short range potential, whose dynamics can be approximated by non linear Schrödinger equations with singular interactions. In this work we proved that, in the case of one point interaction in $\mathbb{R}^3$, the perturbed Laplacian satisfies the same $L^p-L^q$ estimates of the free Laplacian in the smaller regime $q\in[2,3)$. These estimates are implied by a recent result concerning the $L^p$ boundedness of the wave operators for the perturbed Laplacian. Our approach, however, is more direct and relatively simple, and could potentially be useful to prove optimal weighted estimates also in the regime $q\geq 3$.
description: To appear on: "Advances in Quantum Mechanics: Contemporary Trends and Open Problems", G. Dell'Antonio and A. Michelangeli eds., Springer-INdAM series 2017
Anisotropic electronic transport of the two-dimensional electron system in Al2O3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
Creators: name: Wolff, K.
name: Schäfer, R.
name: Meffert, M.
name: Gerthsen, D.
name: Schneider, R.
name: Fuchs, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport measurements on the two dimensional electron system in Al2O3 SrTiO3 heterostructures indicate significant noncrystalline anisotropic behavior below T = 30 K. Lattice dislocations in SrTiO3 and interfacial steps are suggested to be the main sources for electronic anisotropy. Anisotropic defect scattering likewise alters magnetoresistance at low temperature remarkably and influences spin-orbit coupling significantly by the Elliot Yafet mechanism of spin relaxation resulting in anisotropic weak localization. Applying a magnetic field parallel to the interface results in an additional field induced anisotropy of the conductance, which can be attributed to Rashba spin orbit interaction. Compared to LaAlO3 SrTiO3, Rashba coupling seems to be reduced indicating a weaker polarity in Al2O3 SrTiO3 heterostructures.
MPEC 2024-B143 : COMET P/2011 NO1 = P/2023 WM26 (Elenin)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET P/2011 NO1 = P/2023 WM26 (Elenin)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
General invertible transformation and physical degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Takahashi, Kazufumi
name: Motohashi, Hayato
name: Suyama, Teruaki
name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An invertible field transformation is such that the old field variables correspond one-to-one to the new variables. As such, one may think that two systems that are related by an invertible transformation are physically equivalent. However, if the transformation depends on field derivatives, the equivalence between the two systems is nontrivial due to the appearance of higher derivative terms in the equations of motion. To address this problem, we prove the following theorem on the relation between an invertible transformation and Euler-Lagrange equations: If the field transformation is invertible, then any solution of the original set of Euler-Lagrange equations is mapped to a solution of the new set of Euler-Lagrange equations, and vice versa. We also present applications of the theorem to scalar-tensor theories.
description: 14 pages; matches published version
Analysis of the X-ray spectrum of the hot bubble of BD+30°3639
Creators: name: Schönberner, Detlef
name: Jacob, Ralf
name: Heller, René
name: Steffen, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed a model for wind-blown bubbles with temperature and density profiles based on self-similar solutions including thermal conduction. We constructed also heat-conduction bubbles with chemical discontinuities. The X-ray emission is computed using the well-documented CHIANTI code (v6.0.1). These bubble models are used to (re)analyse the high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the hot bubble of BD+30°3639, and they appeared to be much superior to constant temperature approaches. We found for the X-ray emission of BD+30°3639 that temperature-sensitive and abundance-sensitive line ratios computed on the basis of heat-conducting wind-blown bubbles and with abundances as found in the stellar photosphere/wind can only be reconciled with the observations if the hot bubble of BD+30°3639 is chemically stratified, i.e. if it contains also a small mass fraction ($\simeq$ 3 %) of hydrogen-rich matter immediately behind the conduction front. Neon appears to be strongly enriched, with a mass fraction of at least about 0.06.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures (b/w), submitted to Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 323, 2016, paper revision includes feedback from the editor
Common framework and quadratic Bethe equations for rational Gaudin magnets in arbitrarily oriented magnetic fields
Creators: name: Faribault, Alexandre
name: Tschirhart, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we demonstrate a simple way to implement the quantum inverse scattering method to find eigenstates of spin-1/2 XXX Gaudin magnets in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field. The procedure differs vastly from the most natural approach which would be to simply orient the spin quantisation axis in the same direction as the magnetic field through an appropriate rotation. Instead, we define a modified realisation of the rational Gaudin algebra and use the quantum inverse scattering method which allows us, within a slightly modified implementation, to build an algebraic Bethe ansatz using the same unrotated reference state (pseudovacuum) for any external field. This common framework allows us to easily write determinant expressions for certain scalar products which would be highly non-trivial in the rotated system approach.
description: Version 2, 27 pages, Submission to SciPost
Why a noninteracting model works for shot noise in fractional charge experiments
Creators: name: Feldman, D. E.
name: Heiblum, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fractional quasiparticle charge is a manifestation of strong interactions in the fractional quantum Hall effect. Nevertheless, shot noise of quasiparticles is well described by a formula, derived for noninteracting charges. We explain the success of that formula by proving that in the limits of strong and weak backscattering it holds irrespectively of microscopic details in weakly and strongly interacting systems alike. The derivation relies only on principles of statistical mechanics. We also derive an approximate model-independent formula for shot noise in the regime of intermediate backscattering. The equation is numerically close to the standard `noninteracting' fitting formula but suggests a different physical interpretation of the experimental results. We verify our theoretical predictions with a shot noise experiment at the filling factor $3/5$.
description: references added
Anomalous Spin Correlations and Mass-Generating Excitonic Instability of Interacting Weyl Fermions
Creators: name: Hirata, Michihiro
name: Ishikawa, Kyohei
name: Matsuno, Genki
name: Kobayashi, Akito
name: Miyagawa, Kazuya
name: Tamura, Masafumi
name: Berthier, Claude
name: Kanoda, Kazushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in the study of nodal Weyl fermions (WFs), quasi-relativistic massless particles, constitute a novel realm of quantum many-body phenomena. The Coulomb interaction in such systems, having a zero density of states at the Fermi level, is of particular interest, since in contrast to conventional correlated metals, its long-ranged component is unscreened. Here, through nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurements, we unveil the exotic spin correlations of two-dimensional WFs in an organic material, causing a divergent increase of the Korringa ratio by a factor of 1000 upon cooling, in striking contrast with conventional metallic behaviors. Combined with model calculations, we show that this divergence stems from the interaction-driven velocity renormalization that almost exclusively suppresses the zero-momentum spin fluctuations. At low temperatures, the NMR rate shows a remarkable increase, which is shown by numerical analyses to correspond to inter-node excitonic fluctuations, precursor of a transition from massless to massive quasiparticles.
Observational Diagnostics of Gas Flows: Insights from Cosmological Simulations
Creators: name: Faucher-Giguere, C. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic accretion interacts in complex ways with gaseous halos, including galactic winds. As a result, observational diagnostics typically probe a range of intertwined physical phenomena. Because of this complexity, cosmological hydrodynamic simulations have played a key role in developing observational diagnostics of galactic accretion. In this chapter, we review the status of different observational diagnostics of circumgalactic gas flows, in both absorption (galaxy pair and down-the-barrel observations in neutral hydrogen and metals; kinematic and azimuthal angle diagnostics; the cosmological column density distribution; and metallicity) and emission (Lya; UV metal lines; and diffuse X-rays). We conclude that there is no simple and robust way to identify galactic accretion in individual measurements. Rather, progress in testing galactic accretion models is likely to come from systematic, statistical comparisons of simulation predictions with observations. We discuss specific areas where progress is likely to be particularly fruitful over the next few years.
description: Invited review to appear in Gas Accretion onto Galaxies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, eds. A. J. Fox & R. Dave, to be published by Springer. Typos corrected
Lévy flights versus Lévy walks in bounded domains
Creators: name: Dybiec, Bartlomiej
name: Gudowska-Nowak, Ewa
name: Barkai, Eli
name: Dubkov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lévy flights and Lévy walks serve as two paradigms of random walks resembling common features but also bearing fundamental differences. One of the main dissimilarities are discontinuity versus continuity of their trajectories and infinite versus finite propagation velocity. In consequence, well developed theory of Lévy flights is associated with their pathological physical properties, which in turn are resolved by the concept of Lévy walks. Here, we explore Lévy flights and Lévy walks models on bounded domains examining their differences and analogies. We investigate analytically and numerically whether and under which conditions both approaches yield similar results in terms of selected statistical observables characterizing the motion: the survival probability, mean first passage time and stationary PDFs. It is demonstrated that similarity of models is affected by the type of boundary conditions and value of the stability index defining asymptotics of the jump length distribution.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures