cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pressure and velocity distributions in plunge pools
Creators: name: Castillo, Luis G.
name: Carrillo, José M.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: air entrainment
free falling jets
impingement jets
laboratory
numerical simulations
overtopping

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: When dam overtopping produces rectangular free jets that discharge into plunge pool basins below the dam, the pressure and velocity distributions of the flow in the plunge pool must be estimated to evaluate potential scour that might destabilize the dam. The high turbulence and aeration phenomena that appear in falling jets and dissipation basins make it difficult to carry out studies based only on classical methodologies. This work addresses plunge pool flows, and compares numerical results against our own experiments. Instantaneous pressures, velocities and air entrainment were obtained with the use of piezoresistive transducers, Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter and optical fiber, respectively. Mean velocity field and turbulence kinetic energy profiles were determined. To identify the level of reliability of models, numerical simulations were carried out by using the "homogeneous" model of ANSYS CFX, together with different turbulence closures. The numerical results fall fairly close to the values measured in the laboratory, and with expressions for submerged hydraulic jumps and horizontal wall jets. The observations can be well predicted for horizontal velocities greater than 40% of the maximum velocity in each profile, and when the ratio of the water cushion depth to the jet thickness is lower than 20.
The Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Network Connectivity in Cervical Dystonia: Lessons from Magnetoencephalography
Creators: name: Mahajan, Abhimanyu
name: Alshammaa, Abdullah
name: Zillgitt, Andrew
name: Bowyer, Susan M.
name: LeWitt, Peter
name: Kaminski, Patricia
name: Sidiropoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Magnetoencephalography
subject: Dystonia
subject: Botulinum toxin--Therapeutic use
subject: Sensorimotor integration
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Pharmacological management of cervical dystonia (CD) is considered to be symptomatic in effect, rather than targeting the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Magnetoencephalography (MEG), a direct measure of neuronal activity, while accepted as a modality for pre-surgical mapping in epilepsy, has never been used to explore the effect of pharmacotherapy in movement disorders.

Methods: Resting state MEG data were collected from patients with CD, pre- and post-botulinum toxin injections. All of these patients exhibited good clinical benefit with botulinum toxin. Resting state MEG data from four age- and gender-matched healthy controls with no neurological disorders were also collected.

Results: Our exploratory study reveals a difference in coherence between controls and patients in the following regions: fronto-striatal, occipito-striatal, parieto-striatal, and striato-temporal networks. In these regions there is an increase after botulinum toxin. Specifically, increased coherence in the left putamen and right superior parietal gyrus was noticeable. Both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric networks were affected.

Discussion: This is the first attempt to directly assess changes in functional connectivity with pharmacotherapy using MEG. Botulinum toxin might affect sensorimotor integration, leading to clinical benefit. The presence of increased interhemispheric coherence and intrahemispheric coherence points to the importance of global and local networks in the pathophysiology of dystonia.
Josephson effect between a two-band superconductor with the s++ or s+- pairing symmetry and a conventional s-wave superconductor
Creators: name: Lin, Shi-Zeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the Josephson effect between a two-band superconductor either with the $s++$ (two energy gaps have the same sign and are fully gapped) pairing symmetry or $s\pm$ (two energy gaps have $π$ phase difference and are fully gapped) pairing symmetry and a conventional s-wave superconductors. The ground state, critical current, plasma modes, flux flow dynamics, and response to external ac electric field, possible soliton solutions are investigated. For junctions with the charge neutrality breaking, we find a new plasma mode for junctions, which gives rise to new resonance peaks in the Josephson flux flow region. Because of the frustrated interaction in junctions with $s\pm$ pairing symmetry, time-reversal-symmetry (TRS) can be broken if the frustration is optimized. In the TRS broken (TRSB) state, there is a non-trivial phase difference between the two Josephson tunnelling channels, which results in a non-trivial interference. Furthermore, we find a novel massless plasma mode at the TRSB transition for junctions with the charge neutrality breaking. In the TRSB state, a spontaneous magnetic flux appears where there is a spatial inhomogeneity in the Josephson coupling, thus provides a possible smoking-gun evidence for the underlying pairing symmetry.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Dynamic duration of load models
Creators: name: Zhai, Yongliang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The duration of load effect is a distinctive and important characteristic of wood strength. It refers to the fact that wood products can usually sustain a high load for a short time but the products may deteriorate and break in the long run. Modelling the duration of load effect and testing wood for specific properties of this effect are important in formulating wood construction standards. Damage accumulation models have been proposed by authors to model the duration of load effects. The models assume that damage is accumulated over time according to the load history, and once the accumulated damage reaches a threshold value, the board will break. Different authors have designed different experiments and proposed different methods for estimating the model parameters. In this work, we consider several damage accumulation models, with a focus on the U.S. model. We investigate the effects of the distributional assumptions for the models, and propose several methods to estimate parameters in the models. Our proposed methods are evaluated via simulation studies. Two real datasets are present for illustration.
title: Simultaneous Tolerance Intervals for Response Surface and Mixture Designs Using the Adjusted Product Set Method
Creators: name: Nakamura, Aisaku
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Various methods for constructing simultaneous tolerance intervals for regression models have been developed over the years, but all of them can be shown to be conservative. In this thesis, extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the degree of conservatism with respect to their coverage probabilities. A new strategy to fit simultaneous tolerance intervals on linear models is proposed by modifying an existing method, which we call the adjusted product set (APS) method. The APS method will also be used to construct simultaneous tolerance bands on response surface and mixture designs.
description: © 2020 Aisaku Nakamura
Dystonic Head Tremor and the Coexistence of Headache
Creators: name: Hulzenga, Marit A.
name: Beumer, Debbie
name: Koehler, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dystonia
subject: Tremor
subject: Neurology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Headache

description: Background: Head tremor may be observed in the presence of cervical dystonia and sometimes coexists with headache. We wished to investigate the presence of headache in dystonic head tremor.

Methods: We studied the files of 19 patients from our outpatient clinic (1997–2017) with dystonic head tremor and assessed the co-occurrence of headache. We also performed a literature search of the topic.

Results: Cervicogenic headache was present in nearly 37% of patients with dystonic head tremor. More than 85% of our patients presented with a “no-no” head tremor.

Discussion: Headache is common in dystonic head tremor. Cervicogenic headache seems to be more frequent in patients with dystonic head tremor than in the general population. Future studies should compare the presence of cervicogenic headache in essential head tremor patients with that in patients suffering from dystonic head tremor.
Extending polyphonic strategic communication to stakeholder engagement: Exploring deliberate-emergent and radical-emergent approaches
Creators: name: Botha, Yolandi
Publisher: name: University of South Africa
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: The importance of stakeholder engagement for organisational survival is widely recognised and supported. The interactive, polyphonic organisational context has however placed added emphasis on stakeholder engagement. Strategic communication professionals are increasingly becoming responsible for creating connection among diverse voices which necessitates their involvement in the stakeholder engagement process. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of the strategic communication professional in the stakeholder engagement process against contemporary, polyphonic strategic communication principles. This was done by determining the pragmatic relevance of two approaches to stakeholder engagement, deliberate emergent and radical emergent. A quantitative research design was employed using a web-based survey, which was distributed to communication professionals in academia and practice. An exploratory factor analysis highlighted two approaches to stakeholder engagement that recognises the importance of stakeholder conversations and inputs, while honouring conventional planning as a key activity for successful stakeholder engagement. The results of this article provide guidance for organisational management on two possible approaches to stakeholder engagement that are relevant for the current polyphonic organisational context. It also affirms the indispensable role of the communication professional in the stakeholder engagement process ranging from stakeholder guidance towards stakeholder enablement and empowerment.
The Movement Disorder of Brain-Lung-Thyroid Syndrome Can be Responsive to Methylphenidate
Creators: name: Gauquelin, Laurence
name: Tran, Luan T.
name: Chouinard, Sylvain
name: Bernard, Genevieve
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Methylphenidate
Chorea
Neurology
Movement disorders

description: Benign hereditary chorea is a rare disorder characterized by childhoodonset, non-progressive chorea, with or without associated respiratory and thyroid dysfunction.1 It is referred to as ‘‘brain-lung-thyroid’’ syndrome when all three systems are involved.2 It is caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the NKX2-1 gene (previously TITF-1), on chromosome 14.3 It is a genetically heterogeneous condition, with over 30 different causative mutations identified.4 Other neurological manifestations of benign hereditary chorea and NKX2-1-related disorders include dystonia, myoclonus, tics, tremor, dysarthria, ataxia, hypotonia, and motor developmental delay. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have also been reported.1,5 Pharmacologic treatment of chorea and other abnormal movements in NKX2-1-related disorders has been disappointing. It typically involves levodopa or tetrabenazine; however, side effects are often limiting.5 We report and illustrate the case of a young female patient with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome and an immediate improvement of her involuntary movements with methylphenidate (Video 1).
The Anatomical Basis for Dystonia: The Motor Network Model
Creators: name: Jinnah, H. A.
name: Neychev, Vladimir
name: Hess, Ellen J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Dystonia
subject: Neuroanatomy
subject: Torticollis
subject: Eyelids--Diseases
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: The dystonias include a clinically and etiologically very diverse group of disorders. There are both degenerative and non-degenerative subtypes resulting from genetic or acquired causes. Traditionally, all dystonias have been viewed as disorders of the basal ganglia. However, there has been increasing appreciation for involvement of other brain regions including the cerebellum, thalamus, midbrain, and cortex. Much of the early evidence for these other brain regions has come from studies of animals, but multiple recent studies have been done with humans, in an effort to confirm or refute involvement of these other regions. The purpose of this article is to review the new evidence from animals and humans regarding the motor network model, and to address the issues important to translational neuroscience.

Methods: The English literature was reviewed for articles relating to the neuroanatomical basis for various types of dystonia in both animals and humans.

Results: There is evidence from both animals and humans that multiple brain regions play an important role in various types of dystonia. The most direct evidence for specific brain regions comes from animal studies using pharmacological, lesion, or genetic methods. In these studies, experimental manipulations of specific brain regions provide direct evidence for involvement of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus and other regions. Additional evidence also comes from human studies using neuropathological, neuroimaging, non-invasive brain stimulation, and surgical interventions. In these studies, the evidence is less conclusive, because discriminating the regions that cause dystonia from those that reflect secondary responses to abnormal movements is more challenging.

Discussion: Overall, the evidence from both animals and humans suggests that different regions may play important roles in different subtypes of dystonia. The evidence so far provides strong support for the motor network model. There are obvious challenges, but also advantages, of attempting to translate knowledge gained from animals into a more complete understanding of human dystonia and novel therapeutic strategies.
Updating PMP to provide better dam and spillway design
Creators: name: Kappel, W. D.
name: Hulstrand, D. M.
name: Muhlestein, G. A.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: probable maximum precipitation
extreme rainfall

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) is used as input to derive the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) for high hazard dams across the United States. The PMF is used to design high hazard dams to ensure they do not overtop and fail during a PMP/PMF event. PMP values were developed for most of the United States by the National Weather Service (NWS) in a series of Hydrometeorological Reports (HMRs) starting in 1940 and continuing through 1999. However, the NWS stopped updating the HMRs and the storms used to derive the PMP values. Since that time the meteorological understanding of extreme rainfall has advanced significantly and numerous large rainfall events have occurred which affect PMP. Because the dam safety community required updated PMP values which incorporated these updated data and meteorological understanding to ensure proper design and rehab of dams, Applied Weather Associates (AWA) has been performing site-specific, statewide, and regional PMP studies to update these data and advance the science regarding PMP. Beginning in the 1990's, AWA has completed more than 100 PMP studies, which have been accepted by state and Federal dam safety regulators. Each of these provide updated PMP values which replace those from the HMRs. In this process, AWA has analyzed hundreds of the most extreme rainfall events, which are required for proper PMP development. This presentation will detail the history of PMP development in the United States, provide an understanding of current PMP development, discuss the storm analysis process, and detail future improvements that are needed for dam safety.
Additional file 1 of Temporal trends and projections of gynecological cancers in China, 2007–2030
Creators: name: Duan, Rufei
name: Zhang, Hongping
name: Yu, Jing
name: Deng, Sisi
name: Yang, Haijun
name: Zheng, Yong-Tang
name: Huang, Yunchao
name: Zhao, Fanghui
name: Yang, Hongying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional File 1: Figure s1-s10
Is there a Premotor Phase of Essential Tremor?
Creators: name: Lenka, Abhishek
name: Benito-Leon, Julian
name: Louis, Elan D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Tremor
Movement disorders
Nervous system--Degeneration
Neurology

description: Background: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common tremor disorder. In addition to its hallmark feature, kinetic tremor of the upper limbs, patients may have a number of non-motor symptoms and signs (NMS). Several lines of evidence suggest that ET is a neurodegenerative disorder and certain NMS may antedate the onset of tremor. This article comprehensively reviews the evidence for the existence of a “premotor phase” of ET, and discusses plausible biological explanations and implications.

Methods: A PubMed search in May 2017 identified articles for this review.

Results: The existence of a premotor phase of ET gains support primarily from longitudinal data. In individuals who develop incident ET, baseline (i.e., premotor) evaluations reveal greater cognitive dysfunction, a faster rate of cognitive decline, and the presence of a protective effect of education against dementia. In addition, baseline evaluations also reveal more self-reported depression, antidepressant medication use, and shorter sleep duration in individuals who eventually develop incident ET. In cross-sectional studies, certain personality traits and NMS (e.g., olfactory dysfunction) also suggest the existence of a premotor phase.

Discussion: There is preliminary evidence supporting the existence of a premotor phase of ET. The mechanisms are unclear; however, the presence of Lewy bodies in some ET brains in autopsy studies and involvement of multiple neural networks in ET as evident from the neuroimaging studies, are possible contributors. Most evidence is from a longitudinal cohort (Neurological Disorders of Central Spain: NEDICES); additional longitudinal studies are warranted to gain better insights into the premotor phase of ET.
Chrysis stilboides
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Chrysis
Chrysis stilboides

description: Chrysis stilboides (SPINOLA, 1838)
Chrysis stilboides (SPINOLA, 1838): DU BUYSSON 1898b: 542 (Obock).
Chrysis stilboides (SPINOLA, 1838): BISCHOFF 1913: 68 (world cat.).
Chrysis stilboides (SPINOLA, 1838): KIMSEY & BOHART 1990: 355 (tax.), 357 (fig. 113e), 466 (tax., world cat.).
Chrysis stilboides (SPINOLA, 1838): MADL & ROSA 2012: 73 (cat. Afr. reg.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Chrysis stilboides is widely distributed in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is known from all neighbour countries, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 915, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Telemedicine Enables Broader Access to Movement Disorders Curricula for Medical Students
Creators: name: Cubo, Esther
name: Doumbe, Jacques
name: Lopez, Emiliano
name: Lopez, Guadalupe A.
name: Gatto, Emilia
name: Persi, Gabriel
name: Guttman, Mark
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Movement disorders
Telecommunication in medicine
Medical education
Telecommunication in education

description: Background: The impact of tele-education for movement disorders on medical students is unknown. The present study had three objectives. First, to create a tele-education program for medical students in regions with limited access to movement disorders curricula. Second, to analyze the feasibility, satisfaction, and improvement of medical knowledge. Third, to assess the main reasons of medical students for attending this course.

Methods: In 2016, a program was piloted in a low-middle income (Cameroon) and a middle-high income (Argentina) country. Medical students were offered a free movement disorder tele-education program (four medical schools in Argentina, and 1 medical school in Cameroon). Six real-time videoconferences covering hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders were included. Evaluations included attendance, pre- and post-medical knowledge, and satisfaction questionnaires.

Results: The study included 151 undergraduate medical students (79.4% from Argentina, 20.6% from Cameroon). Feasibility was acceptable with 100% and 85.7% of the videoconferences completed in Argentina and Cameroon, respectively. Attendance was higher in Argentina compared to Cameroon (75% vs. 33.1%). According to student reports, the topics and innovative educational environment were the main reasons for attendance. Both groups ranked satisfaction as moderate to high, and medical knowledge improved similarly in both countries.

Discussion: Tele-education can improve movement disorders knowledge in medical schools in high-middle and low-middle income countries lacking access to other educational opportunities.
Non-relativistic Lee Model on two Dimensional Riemannian Manifolds
Creators: name: Erman, Fatih
name: Turgut, O. Teoman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is a continuation of our previous work (JMP, Vol. 48, 12, pp. 122103-1-122103-20, 2007), where we constructed the non-relativistic Lee model in three dimensional Riemannian manifolds. Here we renormalize the two dimensional version by using the same methods and the results are shortly given since the calculations are basically the same as in the three dimensional model. We also show that the ground state energy is bounded from below due to the upper bound of the heat kernel for compact and Cartan-Hadamard manifolds. In contrast to the construction of the model and the proof of the lower bound of the ground state energy, the mean field approximation to the two dimensional model is not similar to the one in three dimensions and it requires a deeper analysis, which is the main result of this paper.
description: 18 pages, no figures
Insights into Pathophysiology from Medication-induced Tremor
Creators: name: Morgan, John C.
name: Kurek, Julie A.
name: Davis, Jennie L.
name: Sethi, Kapil D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Tremor
Nervous system--Pathophysiology
Medicine
Neurology
Movement disorders

description: Background: Medication-induced tremor (MIT) is common in clinical practice and there are many medications/drugs that can cause or exacerbate tremors. MIT typically occurs by enhancement of physiological tremor (EPT), but not all drugs cause tremor in this way. In this manuscript, we review how some common examples of MIT have informed us about the pathophysiology of tremor.

Methods: We performed a PubMed literature search for published articles dealing with MIT and attempted to identify articles that especially dealt with the medication’s mechanism of inducing tremor.

Results: There is a paucity of literature that deals with the mechanisms of MIT, with most manuscripts only describing the frequency and clinical settings where MIT is observed. That being said, MIT emanates from multiple mechanisms depending on the drug and it often takes an individualized approach to manage MIT in a given patient.

Discussion: MIT has provided some insight into the mechanisms of tremors we see in clinical practice. The exact mechanism of MIT is unknown for most medications that cause tremor, but it is assumed that in most cases physiological tremor is influenced by these medications. Some medications (epinephrine) that cause EPT likely lead to tremor by peripheral mechanisms in the muscle (β-adrenergic agonists), but others may influence the central component (amitriptyline). Other drugs can cause tremor, presumably by blockade of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia (dopamine-blocking agents), by secondary effects such as causing hyperthyroidism (amiodarone), or by other mechanisms. We will attempt to discuss what is known and unknown about the pathophysiology of the most common MITs.
Consequences and recovery after nutrient enrichment in the boreal forest understory
Creators: name: DeKoning, Peter Kornelis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition poses a serious threat to plant communities globally. Furthermore, nitrogen-induced shifts in plant community composition may create positive feedbacks via litter decomposition by the soil microbial community. These feedbacks could prevent the recovery of plant communities, even in the absence of further nutrient addition, because nutrient availability and cycling remain high. We investigated the role of nutrients and herbivores in regulating plant and soil microbial communities in the boreal forest understory in northwestern Canada. We used an experiment that began in 1990 where plots were fertilized, exclosed (herbivore reduction), or both, in a 2 x 2 factorial design. In early 2000, plots were divided in half; treatments were continued on one half, and discontinued on the other half. In 2009, we sampled plant community composition, along with carbon/nitrogen ratios and total phenolics in the plant tissue. Using phospholipid fatty-acid analyses and extracellular enzyme activity assays, we estimated the soil microbial community composition and activity. Lastly, we measured soil pH and chemistry. Overall, fertilization had significant impacts on the variables we measured; herbivore exclosures mostly had no detectable impacts. In fertilized plots, species richness declined and the plant community became dominated by Epilobium angustifolium and Mertensia paniculata. Total phenolics and the carbon/nitrogen in the plant tissue declined. The total microbial biomass declined, as did the ratio of fungi to bacteria, indicating a more bacteria-dominated food web in the soil. Extracellular enzymes involved in the breakdown of cellulose increased in activity, but those involved in the acquisition of nitrogen and phosphorus were mostly unaffected, except urease, which declined in activity. Soil pH declined significantly, and fertilizer increased the availability of many nutrients. In recovery plots, the results do not fit the predictions of a plant-soil feedback hypothesis. Instead, the system follows a “cascade of responses”, where soil chemistry recovers first, then plant tissue chemistry, followed more slowly by plant community composition. After 10 years, the soil microbial community has yet to show significant signs of recovery. These results highlight the sensitivity of the boreal forest to nutrient enrichment and demonstrate that recovery of these ecosystems may take decades.
Expert Ministers in New Democracies: Delegation, Communist Legacies, or Technocratic Populism?
Creators: name: Semenova, Elena
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: communist legacies
subject: economic crisis
subject: politically experienced experts
subject: post-communism
subject: semi-presidentialism
subject: technocracy
subject: technocratic populism
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: This article examines the appointments and survival of expert ministers (i.e., ministers with educational and professional expertise in the portfolio to which they are appointed) in new democracies. Using a novel data set on 11 Central and Eastern European countries from 1990 until 2012, I test competing hypotheses derived from delegation theory, communist legacies approach, technocratic populism studies, and semi-presidentialism literature. The first study shows that experts without political experience (technocrats) have specific cabinet appointment patterns distinguishing them from party politicians and politically experienced experts. For example, technocrats have high chances of being appointed during an economic downturn. The conditional risk set survival analysis has revealed that compared to their politically experienced colleagues, technocrats have higher chances of remaining in their positions if there was a change in the PM’s candidacy. Moreover, they have long careers independently of the continuity of the PM’s party in government and the PM’s partisan status. Strikingly, patterns of portfolio specialization from the communist period remained in place after the regime change (e.g., expert ministers holding the portfolios of finance and economy). However, holding these specific portfolios does not decrease the minister’s risk of being dismissed. These findings have ramifications for issues surrounding cabinet formation, institutional choice, and populism in new democracies.
Prisoners’ access to HIV services in southern Malawi: a cross-sectional mixed methods study
Creators: name: Singano, Victor
name: Theu, Joe
name: Gaven, Steven
name: Mwapasa, Victor
name: Amberbir, Alemayehu
name: Gondwe, Austrida
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Paul, Magren
name: Chiwaula, Lawrence
name: van Oosterhout, Joep J.
name: Singogo, Emmanuel
name: Berman, Joshua
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description:
Background The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among prisoners remains high in many countries, especially in Africa, despite a global decrease in HIV incidence. Programs to reach incarcerated populations with HIV services have been implemented in Malawi, but the success of these initiatives is uncertain. We explored which challenges prisoners face in receiving essential HIV services and whether HIV risk behavior is prevalent in prisons. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative), cross-sectional study in 2018 in six prisons in Southern Malawi, two large central prisons with on-site, non-governmental organization (NGO) supported clinics and 4 smaller rural prisons. Four hundred twelve prisoners were randomly selected and completed a structured questionnaire. We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 prisoners living with HIV, which we recorded, transcribed and translated. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Results The majority of prisoners (93.2%) were male, 61.4% were married and 63.1% were incarcerated for 1–5 years. Comprehensive services were reported to be available in the two large, urban prisons. Female prisoners reported having less access to general medical services than males. HIV risk behavior was reported infrequently and was associated with incarceration in urban prisons (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 18.43; 95% confidence interval [95%-CI] 7.59–44.74; p = < 0.001) and not being married (aOR 17.71; 95%-CI 6.95–45.13; p = < 0.001). In-depth interviews revealed that prisoners living with HIV experienced delays in referrals for more severe illnesses. Prisoners emphasized the detrimental impact of poor living conditions on their personal health and their ability to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conclusions Malawian prisoners reported adequate knowledge about HIV services albeit with gaps in specific areas. Prisoners from smaller, rural prisons had suboptimal access to comprehensive HIV services and female prisoners reported having less access to health care than males. Prisoners have great concern about their poor living conditions affecting general health and adherence to ART. These findings provide guidance for improvement of HIV services and general health care in Malawian institutionalized populations such as prisoners.
Hypothyroidism-induced Reversible Encephalopathy as a Cause of Aggravation of Parkinsonism and Myoclonus in Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Ehm, Gwanhee
name: Kim, Han-Joon
name: Jeon, Beomseok
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Myoclonus
Parkinson's disease--Patients
Hypothyroidism
Neurology

description: Background: Myoclonus and encephalopathy are unusual in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Case report: We describe the case of a 59-year-old male with PD who developed myoclonus and encephalopathy. Underlying hypothyroidism was revealed after admission and treated with levothyroxine. Myoclonus and encephalopathy were completely resolved following thyroid hormone replacement.

Discussion: Hypothyroidism can cause reversible myoclonus and encephalopathy along with unusual aggravation of parkinsonism symptoms in patients with PD.
Opinion: What Makes a Great Developer?
Creators: name: Ntui, Aniebiet Inyang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Software Engineering
Software Developer
Career

description: This question has come up over and over again. From putting together the core team for a startup company to recruiting intern candidates for a multi-million dollar firm, patterns emerge and recurring data points are evident once you look closely enough. Let’s take a look at the Top 10 characteristics of a great software engineer. Sure, top notch technical chops are a prerequisite, but beware, some of these items may surprise you.
Process design and control for eco-efficiency
Creators: name: Montelongo Luna, Juan Manuel
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 102-110
description: The main objective of process design is to develop processes or plants that will produce goods of higher value than the raw materials used. Consequently, process design is mostly driven by the economics of production. However, many other factors, such as operability and environmental regulations have to be considered in the design of a process. Due to the dynamic nature of chemical and petrochemical processes, without process control a plant could not be operated safely and at design conditions. Disturbances drive the process in directions that are not the desired/designed operating levels. Process control is the means by which disturbances are rejected. Exergy can be derived from the application of the first and the second laws of thermodynamics to a process. Exergy can be used as a measurement of how valuable the process is, that is, if the exergy values of the products of the process are close to those of the raw materials the process is highly (thermodynamically) efficient. An eco-efficient process can be defined as one that is ecologically friendly and economically viable. This means the process should reduce energy consumption (or exergy destruction), which in tum reduces operating expenses. Exergy along with an integrated framework for process design and process control can be used to develop more efficient processes in a faster and less costly manner than conventional process design. The objectives of this research project were to develop an exergy calculator for chemical process streams and to develop a controllability index based on exergy. These tools will allow the design engineer to gain insight into the eco-efficiency of the process from the early design stages and will reduce the number of design and control structure alternatives that need to be evaluated in detail. The Exergy Calculator was developed and implemented in a commercial process simulator (HYSYS®) and in an open source chemical process simulator (Sim42®). This tool facilitates the generation of an exergy analysis for any process for which a simulation exists. The new Relative Exergy Array (REA) is a controllability index that, when used with the RGA, provides information about the process interactions of a control structure and its relative thermodynamic efficiency.
$T$-optimal designs for discrimination between two polynomial models
Creators: name: Dette, Holger
name: Melas, Viatcheslav B.
name: Shpilev, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is devoted to the explicit construction of optimal designs for discrimination between two polynomial regression models of degree $n-2$ and $n$. In a fundamental paper, Atkinson and Fedorov [Biometrika 62 (1975a) 57--70] proposed the $T$-optimality criterion for this purpose. Recently, Atkinson [MODA 9, Advances in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis (2010) 9--16] determined $T$-optimal designs for polynomials up to degree 6 numerically and based on these results he conjectured that the support points of the optimal design are cosines of the angles that divide half of the circle into equal parts if the coefficient of $x^{n-1}$ in the polynomial of larger degree vanishes. In the present paper we give a strong justification of the conjecture and determine all $T$-optimal designs explicitly for any degree $n\in\mathbb{N}$. In particular, we show that there exists a one-dimensional class of $T$-optimal designs. Moreover, we also present a generalization to the case when the ratio between the coefficients of $x^{n-1}$ and $x^n$ is smaller than a certain critical value. Because of the complexity of the optimization problem, $T$-optimal designs have only been determined numerically so far, and this paper provides the first explicit solution of the $T$-optimal design problem since its introduction by Atkinson and Fedorov [Biometrika 62 (1975a) 57--70]. Finally, for the remaining cases (where the ratio of coefficients is larger than the critical value), we propose a numerical procedure to calculate the $T$-optimal designs. The results are also illustrated in an example.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS956 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Vanishing neoclassical viscosity and physics of the shear layer in stellarators
Creators: name: Velasco, J. L.
name: Alonso, J. A.
name: Calvo, I.
name: Arevalo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The drift kinetic equation is solved for low density TJ-II plasmas employing slowly varying, time-dependent profiles. This allows to simulate density ramp-up experiments and describe from first principles the formation and physics of the radial electric field shear layer. The main features of the transition are perfectly captured by the calculation, and good quantitative agreement is also found. The results presented here, that should be valid for other non-quasisymmetric stellarators, provide a fundamental explanation for a wealth of experimental observations connected to the shear layer emergence in TJ-II. The key quantity is the neoclassical viscosity, which is shown to go smoothly to zero when the critical density is approached from below. This makes it possible for turbulence-related phenomena, and particularly zonal flows, to arise in the neighborhood of the transition.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Search for Diphoton Events with Large Missing Transverse Energy with 36 pb^-1 of 7 TeV Proton-Proton Collision Data with the ATLAS Detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Making use of 36 pb^-1 of proton-proton collision data at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV, the ATLAS Collaboration has performed a search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy. Observing no excess of events above the Standard Model prediction, a 95% Confidence Level (CL) upper limit is set on the cross section for new physics of sigma < 0.38 - 0.65 pb in the context of a generalised model of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GGM) with a bino-like lightest neutralino, and of sigma < 0.18 - 0.23 pb in the context of a specific model with one universal extra dimension (UED). A 95 % CL lower limit of 560 GeV, for bino masses above 50 GeV, is set on the GGM gluino mass, while a lower limit of 1/R > 961 GeV is set on the UED compactification radius R. These limits provide the most stringent tests of these models to date.
description: 9 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 4 figures, 2 tables, final version as appears in EPJC
Abnormalities of Eye–Hand Coordination in Patients with Writer’s Cramp: Possible Role of the Cerebellum
Creators: name: Jhunjhunwala, Ketan
name: Kotikalapudi, Raviteja
name: Lenka, Abhishek
name: Thennarassu, Kandavel
name: Yadav, Ravi
name: Saini, Jitender
name: Pal, Pramod Kumar
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cerebellum
subject: Eye-hand coordination
subject: Writers' cramp
subject: Dystonia
subject: Neurology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Writer’s cramp (WC) is one of the commonly observed focal dystonias. The pathophysiology of WC has not been fully understood. The role of the cerebellum has been increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of dystonia. As the cerebellum is crucial for maintaining accurate eye–hand coordination (EHC), its role in the pathogenesis of WC can be investigated by studying the EHC in patients with WC.

Methods: Fifteen patients with WC (women:men, 3:12) and 15 age- and gender-matched controls performed oculomotor and EHC tasks. A visually guided stimulus (VGS) task was first performed with eye-only condition (EOC) and then with EHC.

Results: A significant interaction between the groups (controls and patients) and tasks (EOC and EHC) with age as a covariate confirmed that the two groups reacted differently to the tasks in saccadic latency (F(1,27) = 4.8; p = 0.039) and average saccade acceleration (F(1,27) = 10.6; p = 0.003). The curvature index of acceleration of the hand was significantly more in patients compared to controls (patients vs. controls, 2.4±0.4 vs. 1.8±0.2, p = 0.01). While performing the EHC task, there was a significant correlation of the Writer’s Cramp Rating Score with the average saccadic speed (–0.61, p = 0.016), peak saccadic deceleration (0.59, p = 0.019) and average saccadic acceleration (–0.63, p = 0.012).

Discussion: Saccadic acceleration and latency are abnormal while performing EHC tasks in patients with WC. Our study gives further insights into the possible role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of WC.
Hydraulic and stability analysis of the supporting layer of wedge-shaped blocks
Creators: name: San Mauro, J.
name: Larese, A.
name: Salazar, F.
name: Irazábal, J.
name: Morán, R.
name: Toledo, M. Á.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: leaks
mass sliding
numerical modeling
spillway
supporting layer
wedge-shaped blocks

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Wedge shaped blocks (WSB) are attracting increasing attention as protection against overtopping for earth and rock-fill dams. However, there are limited examples of application and some aspects of the technology merit additional research and improvement. One key issue is the design of drainage and supporting layer for WSB protections. During overtopping, part of the overflow leaks through the joints between blocks, hence circulating through the granular material. The permeability and thickness of the supporting layer must be sufficient to prevent the flow from generating pressure on the bottom side of the blocks, which contributes to its destabilization. However, it must also be structurally stable to avoid undesirable deformations on the downstream face. Both the material permeability and the layer thickness determine the hydraulic behavior of this element. These, together with the weight of the blocks and the slope of the downstream face, directly influence mass and block stability. These aspects should be taken into account for the numerical modeling of seepage through the supporting layer. To this end, an application of the open source software Kratos Multi-physics was employed. A parametric study was conducted to quantify the influence of each design variable in the safety factor against mass sliding of the supporting and drainage layer.