cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Natural regeneration in a cutover (clearcut) and the adjacent old-growth stand on the outer central coast of British Columbia
Creators: name: McClarnon, Christine Fietkau
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Given increased interest in harvesting lowland cedar-hemlock rainforests in the Very Wet Hypermaritime Coastal Western Hemlock subzone of British Columbia, this observational study was initiated to seek better understanding of how these forests regenerate naturally, both in the absence of, and following, harvesting. Plots were established in a clearcut and an immediately adjacent old-growth stand, within which small trees (less than 1.3 m) were examined. Small tree presence, height, and age distributions were constructed according to stand type, species, reproductive origin, stand edge distance (in the clearcut), microtopography, substrate, soil moisture and nutrient regime, and non-crop vegetation. Potential future crop trees per hectare were also estimated. Based on this study: 1) Ingress could not be relied upon to regenerate the clearcut within 5-years, whereas advanced regeneration, some of which lacked apical dominance of shoot terminal leaders, appeared to be important. 2) Proportionally more veglings than seedlings reached 5-years of age and 30 cm in height. In the clearcut, proportionally more Tsuga heterophylla than Thuja plicata reached 30 cm in height, and advanced regeneration consisted of proportionally more Tsuga heterophylla than Thuja plicata. 3) Proportionally more small trees occurred on Lignomor, mineral, and moss substrates than on other substrates in both stand types. 4) Microtopographic influence was related to substrate and soil moisture and nutrient regime, and differed between stand types. In the clearcut, increased soil nutrient regime on inclines/mounds positively influenced small tree presence and height growth beyond 30 cm, while increased soil moisture regime on inclines/mounds negatively influenced height growth beyond 30 cm. In the old-growth, proportionally fewer small trees reached 30 cm in height on inclines/mounds, and proportionally fewer reached 5-years of age on wet organic or moss substrates on inclines/mounds. 5) In the old-growth, increased soil nutrient regime negatively influenced small tree presence, and increased soil moisture regime positively influenced survival beyond 5 years. In the clearcut, increased soil nutrient regime negatively influenced small tree height growth beyond 30 cm, yet positively influenced height growth beyond 30 cm on Lignomors; increased soil moisture regime negatively influenced survival beyond 5-years; and increased soil nutrient regime negatively influenced Tsuga heterophylla survival beyond 5-years. 6) Blechnum spicant and Calamagrostis nootkatensis were more extensive in the clearcut, and Blechnum spicant negatively influenced small tree presence. Grass/sedge presence may also limit regeneration.
The Outer Tracker Detector of the HERA-B Experiment Part I: Detector
Creators: name: Albrecht, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HERA-B Outer Tracker is a large system of planar drift chambers with about 113000 read-out channels. Its inner part has been designed to be exposed to a particle flux of up to 2.10^5 cm^-2 s^-1, thus coping with conditions similar to those expected for future hadron collider experiments. 13 superlayers, each consisting of two individual chambers, have been assembled and installed in the experiment. The stereo layers inside each chamber are composed of honeycomb drift tube modules with 5 and 10 mm diameter cells. Chamber aging is prevented by coating the cathode foils with thin layers of copper and gold, together with a proper drift gas choice. Longitudinal wire segmentation is used to limit the occupancy in the most irradiated detector regions to about 20 %. The production of 978 modules was distributed among six different laboratories and took 15 months. For all materials in the fiducial region of the detector good compromises of stability versus thickness were found. A closed-loop gas system supplies the Ar/CF4/CO2 gas mixture to all chambers. The successful operation of the HERA-B Outer Tracker shows that a large tracker can be efficiently built and safely operated under huge radiation load at a hadron collider.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures
C’è anche l’Asi nella missione per i ghiacci marziani
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

L’Agenzia spaziale italiana è partner della missione robotica “Mars Ice Mapper” della Nasa per la mappatura del ghiaccio marziano, insieme all’agenzia giapponese Jaxa e a quella canadese Csa. Obiettivo: aiutare a individuare depositi di ghiaccio accessibili in vista di futuri siti di atterraggio sul Pianeta rosso. La sonda potrebbe essere pronta al lancio già dal 2026
RIGHTS TO CLEARED LAND AND THE CONTROL OF DRYLAND-SEEPAGE SALINITY
Creators: name: Hodge, Ian D.
name: Hodge, Ian D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The phenomenon of the clearance of deep-rooting vegetation leading to dryland salinity exhibits a number of characteristics which indicate the presence of market failure. These are discussed in the context of identifying an optimal level of clearance in a particular catchment. Various policies could be applied in order to correct for these problems. The potential for the use of taxes and regulations is examined and their limitations are identified. A scheme involving the use of transferable rights to cleared land is described and evaluated by means of a hypothetical example. Controls over land clearance will be more easily achieved when they are introduced at an early stage in the land development process.
Markovian approximation of the rough Bergomi model for Monte Carlo option pricing
Creators: name: Zhu, Qinwen
name: Loeper, Grégoire
name: Chen, Wen
name: Langrené, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: G.3; I.6.1; F.2.1; G.1.2; I.6.3; G.1.10
subject: 60H35, 65C30, 91G20, 91G60, 65C05, 62P05,

description: The recently developed rough Bergomi (rBergomi) model is a rough fractional stochastic volatility (RFSV) model which can generate more realistic term structure of at-the-money volatility skews compared with other RFSV models. However, its non-Markovianity brings mathematical and computational challenges for model calibration and simulation. To overcome these difficulties, we show that the rBergomi model can be approximated by the Bergomi model, which has the Markovian property. Our main theoretical result is to establish and describe the affine structure of the rBergomi model. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our method by implementing a Markovian approximation algorithm based on a hybrid scheme.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Differential atom interferometry beyond the standard quantum limit
Creators: name: Eckert, K.
name: Hyllus, P.
name: Bruss, D.
name: Poulsen, U. V.
name: Lewenstein, M.
name: Jentsch, C.
name: Mueller, T.
name: Rasel, E. M.
name: Ertmer, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze methods to go beyond the standard quantum limit for a class of atomic interferometers, where the quantity of interest is the difference of phase shifts obtained by two independent atomic ensembles. An example is given by an atomic Sagnac interferometer, where for two ensembles propagating in opposite directions in the interferometer this phase difference encodes the angular velocity of the experimental setup. We discuss methods of squeezing separately or jointly observables of the two atomic ensembles, and compare in detail advantages and drawbacks of such schemes. In particular we show that the method of joint squeezing may improve the variance by up to a factor of 2. We take into account fluctuations of the number of atoms in both the preparation and the measurement stage, and obtain bounds on the difference of the numbers of atoms in the two ensembles, as well as on the detection efficiency, which have to be fulfilled in order to surpass the standard quantum limit. Under realistic conditions, the performance of both schemes can be improved significantly by reading out the phase difference via a quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement. Finally, we discuss a scheme using macroscopically entangled ensembles.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; eq. (3) corrected and other minor changes
Regeneration Dynamics and Structural Changes in Miombo Woodland Stands at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Tanzania
Creators: name: Elifuraha E. Njoghomi
name: Valkonen, Sauli
name: Karlsson, Kristian
name: Saarinen, Markku
name: Mugasha, Wilson A.
name: Niemistö, Pentti
name: Balama, Celestino
name: Rogers E. Malimbwi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The sustainability of the seriously threatened African miombo woodlands depends on their capability to maintain sufficient natural regeneration. This study focused on the regeneration dynamics and the impacts of silvicultural treatments of fencing, site preparation, and thinning in the Kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania. Mixed models were applied to analyze the change in number of stems during the nine-years observation period on a set of permanent experimental plots. There was a significant decrease in the total number of stems (from 29 800 ha−1 to 19 100 ha−1) but a significant increase in the number of main stems (from 9 300 ha−1 to 11 100 ha−1) during observation period. The proportion of empty regeneration plots (zero seedlings and saplings on a regeneration plot of 4 m2) was initially very low (7.3%) and decreased further during the study period to 5.3%. Greater stand density was associated with lower density of regeneration. Fencing implied a greater increase in the number of main stems but a sharper drop in the total number of stems by reducing animal disturbances. The findings indicate that the forests at Kitulangalo are recovering from past abuse and likely developing toward more sustainable stand structures and sustainability.
Framework for Sustainable Building in South Africa
Creators: name: Sanya, Tom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330110
subject: Sustainable architecture

description: Sustainable building in South Africa must address environmental concerns and entrenched socio-economic problems engendered by the country’s debilitating Apartheid history. The cross-sectorial and multiple facets that constitute the framework for sustainable building transverse temporal and spatial scales, wealth disparities and social agents. Proactive interventions from post-apartheid governments towards socio-economically and environmentally sustainable development have resulted in a myriad of policies and legal imperatives with direct and less-direct impacts on building design and construction. This is a descriptive-analytical paper of the normative framework for sustainable building in South Africa. The paper critically locates the framework for sustainable building from strategic institutional level and operational scale standpoints. Because of the global dimensions of sustainable development, this exegesis also references applicable international initiatives. The intention is to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework for sustainable building in South Africa in which the various instruments can be inserted, shifted or disengaged for strengthening.
WHEN DO STUDENTS WORK?
Creators: name: Gustafson, Cole R.
name: Gustafson, Cole R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: distant education
subject: exam completion patterns
subject: learning styles
subject: online classes
subject: students' work
subject: study habits

description: This study examines test taking patterns of students enrolled in an introductory economics class who could complete their exams electronically at any time-of-day or day-of-week. Exam completion patterns are related to several student characteristics including gender, class rank, major, and whether the student was enrolled online. Statistical differences in both time-of-day and day-of-week were observed across these strata and related to overall performance. The majority of students completed their exams in late evening time periods, which negatively affected overall performance. These results have important implications for educators and may partially explain past anomalous results in other studies of student study habits.
Exploiting transport properties for the detection of optical pumping in heavy ions
Creators: name: Laatiaoui, Mustapha
name: Buchachenko, Alexei A.
name: Viehland, Larry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a kinetic model for optical pumping in Lu$^+$ and Lr$^+$ ions as well as a theoretical approach to calculate the transport properties of Lu$^+$ in its ground $^1S_0$ and metastable $^3D_1$ states in helium background gas. Calculations of the initial ion state populations, the field and temperature dependence of the mobilities and diffusion coefficients, and the ion arrival time distributions demonstrate that the ground- and metastable-state ions can be collected and discriminated efficiently under realistic macroscopic conditions.
description: https://journals.aps.org/pra/accepted/d507eN77Ebb1961ac809534643e9880d5528d36a9
Thermomodulation studies of heat transport in heavy-doped n-GaAs by using the temperature dependence of metal-semiconductor contact resistance
Creators: name: Shul'man, A. Ya.
name: Mordovets, N. A.
name: Kotel'nikov, I. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat transport in heavy-doped n-GaAs has been investigated at temperatures T=300 K and 77 K using the irradiation of the metal-semiconductor contact by modulated CO_{2}-laser radiation. It is shown this approach giving an opportunity to determine the thermo-diffusion coefficient $χ$ and Seebeck coefficient S_{T} without direct measurements of the temperature gradient. It was also found out that the thermalization length of hot electrons exceeds in of order of magnitude the assessment which can be done based on the reference data for GaAs. To elucidate the origin of the observed phenomenon the measurements were conducted out with Schottky contacts made on the thin doped GaAs layer epitaxially grown on the semi-insulating GaAs substrate. In this case the degenerate electron gas occupies only insignificant part of the heat-conducting medium. In addition, the injection of hot electrons into the semiconductor by current pulses through the Schottky barrier was used to clear up whether there is a dependence of the effect on the method of the electron heating. The nonequilibrium of LO-phonons and the change in the electron-phonon collisional integral due to the non-equilibrium pair correlations of the electrons are suggested as a possible explanation.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Compiled and enhanced version of two reports on the 13th International Conference ''Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors'' (HCIS-13), Modena, Italy, 2003 and 6th Russian Semiconductor Physics Conference, S-Peterburg, 2003; partly published
L’idrogeno freddo come non si è mai visto
Creators: Paolo Soletta
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Una serie di osservazioni con il telescopio MeerKat ha portato alla pubblicazione dell’immagine più dettagliata e sensibile mai ottenuta della distribuzione di gas idrogeno freddo nel gruppo di galassie che orbitano intorno alla gigantesca galassia Fornax A. Dane Kleiner, l’autore dello “scatto”, fa parte di un team condotto da Paolo Serra dell’Inaf di Cagliari
DEVELOPING THE NATURE-BASED TOURISM SECTOR IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH DAKOTA
Creators: name: Hodur, Nancy M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Wolfe, Kara L.
name: Hodur, Nancy M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Wolfe, Kara L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: nature-based tourism
subject: agritourism
subject: North Dakota
subject: economic development

description: The purpose of this study was to: 1) identify opportunities for expanding the tourism sector in southwestern North Dakota, 2) identify challenges and obstacles facing the area's tourism businesses, and 3) frame key issues and outline potential options for area decision makers (the primary clientele for the study). The findings reveal some basic characteristics of businesses in the region's tourism sector, identify some of the key constraints to expansion and development, and identify respondents' perceptions of opportunities for growth and expansion.
Regeneration Dynamics and Structural Changes in Miombo Woodland Stands at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Tanzania
Creators: name: Elifuraha E. Njoghomi
name: Valkonen, Sauli
name: Karlsson, Kristian
name: Saarinen, Markku
name: Mugasha Wilson, A.
name: Niemistö Pentti
name: Balama Celestino
name: Rogers E. Malimbwi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The sustainability of the seriously threatened African miombo woodlands depends on their capability to maintain sufficient natural regeneration. This study focused on the regeneration dynamics and the impacts of silvicultural treatments of fencing, site preparation, and thinning in the Kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania. Mixed models were applied to analyze the change in number of stems during the nine-years observation period on a set of permanent experimental plots. There was a significant decrease in the total number of stems (from 29 800 ha−1 to 19 100 ha−1) but a significant increase in the number of main stems (from 9 300 ha−1 to 11 100 ha−1) during observation period. The proportion of empty regeneration plots (zero seedlings and saplings on a regeneration plot of 4 m2) was initially very low (7.3%) and decreased further during the study period to 5.3%. Greater stand density was associated with lower density of regeneration. Fencing implied a greater increase in the number of main stems but a sharper drop in the total number of stems by reducing animal disturbances. The findings indicate that the forests at Kitulangalo are recovering from past abuse and likely developing toward more sustainable stand structures and sustainability.
REGENERATION DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN MIOMBO WOODLAND STANDS AT KITULANGALO FOREST RESERVE IN TANZANIA
Creators: name: Elifuraha E. Njoghomi
name: Valkonen, Sauli
name: Karlsson, Kristian
name: Saarinen, Markku
name: Mugasha Wilson, A.
name: Niemistö Pentti
name: Balama Celestino
name: Rogers E. Malimbwi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The sustainability of the seriously threatened African miombo woodlands depends on their capability to maintain sufficient natural regeneration. This study focused on the regeneration dynamics and the impacts of silvicultural treatments of fencing, site preparation, and thinning in the Kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania. Mixed models were applied to analyze the change in number of stems during the nine-years observation period on a set of permanent experimental plots. There was a significant decrease in the total number of stems (from 29 800 ha−1 to 19 100 ha−1) but a significant increase in the number of main stems (from 9 300 ha−1 to 11 100 ha−1) during observation period. The proportion of empty regeneration plots (zero seedlings and saplings on a regeneration plot of 4 m2) was initially very low (7.3%) and decreased further during the study period to 5.3%. Greater stand density was associated with lower density of regeneration. Fencing implied a greater increase in the number of main stems but a sharper drop in the total number of stems by reducing animal disturbances. The findings indicate that the forests at Kitulangalo are recovering from past abuse and likely developing toward more sustainable stand structures and sustainability.
Accordo di collaborazione per lo Space Weather
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

L’obiettivo dell‘Aeronautica militare, dell’Inaf e dell’Ingv è di collaborare nello sviluppo di una capacità operativa autonoma per lo Space Weather, con assetti nazionali, accrescendo le sinergie, le capacità e le competenze nel settore
A Comparison of Growth, Structure and Diversity of Mixed Species and Monoculture Reforestation Systems in the Philippines
Creators: name: Le, Hai Dinh
name: Smith, Carl
name: Herbohn, John
name: Nguyen, Huong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Forests in the Philippines, and many other developing countries in the tropics, have been extensively cleared over recent decades. There have been increasing efforts to reforest these cleared lands to achieve both socio-economic and environmental objectives. To date, planted forests have been dominated by monocultures. There has however been increasing calls to use mixtures of species, although there is limited evidence to support mixed-species plantations being a better or win-win approach to reforestation. To address this, we compared the tree growth, forest structure, and tree species diversity performance of monoculture and mixed-species tree plantations across 168 sites (251 survey plots) on Leyte Island, the Philippines. Our results indicate that mixtures of fast-growing exotics species had better growth performance compared to monocultures of fast-growing exotics species, and also better tree species diversity performance at both the plot and landscape scale. Our results suggest that mixtures of exotic or native species can provide benefits over monoculture plantations. Mixtures of productive exotic species are most suited to situations where the production function of the forest is most important, while mixtures of native species are most suited to situations where the biodiversity function of the forest is most important.
Getti di plasma da “stelle” di plastica
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Riprodotto in laboratorio – tramite un laser e un bersaglio in Teflon – un fenomeno astrofisico osservato attorno a giovani stelle in formazione e altre sorgenti: l’irregolarità della forma dei getti di plasma quando l’orientamento del campo magnetico circostante è disallineato rispetto alla direzione del getto stesso. All’esperimento, realizzato al Luli di Parigi, hanno preso parte anche astrofisici dell’Inaf di Palermo
Building models : developing the behavioural model of Temnothorax collective wall building to study the evolutionary robustness of self-organised algorithms
Creators: name: Invernizzi, Edith
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: Group behaviour
Self-organisation
Ant
Temnothorax
Nest building
Evolution
Evolution of collective behaviour
Evolution and self-organisation

description: This thesis focuses on wall building behaviour in Temnothorax ants as a case study of self-organised collective behaviour. It contains a progressing series of research packages, building towards one evolutionary question: how eusocial insect nest building algorithms successfully make the transition between two rule variants. I start by revising the existent behavioural model of Temnothorax wall building. By replicating the original agent-based model, I identify two issues: 1. the behavioural model performs poorly in conditions of low building material availability; and 2. the behavioural model lacks behavioural termination. I then introduce a revised version of the behavioural model (the gradual model) in which high stone density at building sites triggers a decrease in building activity, eventually leading to behavioural termination. I then compare the fit of both models to empirical data using laboratory observations of T. rugatulus wall building, applying a hidden Markov model framework to interpret the data. The gradual model provides the best match to the observed data. Finally, I use the revised model to test, in an agent-based model setting, how wall quality responds to different types of inter-worker variation in the building rule used: the presence of a mutant variant spreading within the colony; the co-existence of multiple variants; and widespread epigenetic individual variation. I find wall quality to be very robust to nearly any degree and frequency of variants. With additional simulations, I identify the two key elements of the building algorithm that provide robustness: the positive feedback effect, co-localising worker effort despite starting individual variation; and the existence of an area of overlap where activity occurs with high frequency under all variants (a buffer zone). I predict that these two components have been under selection for evolvability in wall building Temnothorax ants.
Uno stormo di nuovi nomi per Bennu
Creators: Luca Nardi
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

L’asteroide della missione Osiris-Rex della Nasa ha ricevuto numerosi nuovi nomi per i crateri e i massi che si trovano sulla sua superficie. Proseguendo la tradizione dei precedenti, i nomi scelti dall’Unione astronomica internazionale sono quelli di creature alate mitologiche o appartenenti al mondo fantastico
Laser Resonance Chromatography of Superheavy Elements
Creators: name: Laatiaoui, Mustapha
name: Buchachenko, Alexei A.
name: Viehland, Larry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical spectroscopy constitutes the historical path to accumulate basic knowledge on the atom and its structure. Former work based on fluorescence and resonance ionization spectroscopy enabled identifying optical spectral lines up to element 102, nobelium. The new challenges faced in this research field are the refractory nature of the heavier elements and the decreasing production yields. A new concept of ion-mobility-assisted laser spectroscopy is proposed to overcome the sensitivity limits of atomic structure investigations persisting in the region of the superheavy elements. The concept offers capabilities of both broadband-level searches and high-resolution hyperfine spectroscopy of synthetic elements beyond nobelium.
description: https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/7a07aY5eYc818860c3f4729124527b3d69a165378
Restorative Justice: A Case Study of an Urban High School
Creators: name: Gries, Lisa Renee
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: case study
subject: critical theory
subject: critical race theory
subject: school-side program
subject: Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
subject: educator perception
subject: Educational leadership
subject: Education administration

description: Here is a qualitative case study of an urban high school in Michigan to examine how school professionals perceive and apply restorative justice (RJ) practices. Through the lens of critical theory (CT) and critical race theory, this study investigated these issues. The research questions driving this study are as follows: (1) What are these school professionals’ perceptions of the use of RJ? and (2) How are RJ processes implemented in an urban high school in Michigan? First, a survey of 50 school professionals was undertaken to assess their perceived use of RJ. Next, two administrators, one social worker, and four teachers were interviewed to gather data regarding their perceptions of RJ and how it is implemented at this school. According to the findings of this study, RJ is primarily used to restore relationships, but it is also used as a response to inappropriate behavior. Restorative techniques are also more effective when combined with a school-wide program such as Culturally Responsive-Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports.
Transport properties of a GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum well: temperature, magnetic field and many-body effects
Creators: name: Van Tuan, Truong
name: Khanh, Nguyen Quoc
name: Van Tai, Vo
name: Linh, Dang Khanh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the zero and finite temperature transport properties of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in a GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum well under a magnetic field, taking into account many-body effects via a local-field correction. We consider the surface roughness, roughness-induced piezoelectric, remote charged impurity and homogeneous background charged impurity scattering. The effects of the quantum well width, carrier density, temperature and local-field correction on resistance ratio are investigated. We also consider the dependence of the total mobility on the multiple scattering effect.
Nasce l’Osservatorio Ska
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

L'Osservatorio Ska (Skao) è stato ufficialmente inaugurato oggi. Si unisce alle molte organizzazioni intergovernative dedicate alla scienza su ampia scala, come Cern, Eso, Esa e Iter. Tavani (Inaf): «Siamo orgogliosi che l’Italia sia tra i Paesi fondatori dell’Osservatorio, segno del grande interesse della comunità italiana per la scienza e la tecnologia legate a Ska»
Nucleon and Delta masses in twisted mass chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Walker-Loud, Andre
name: Wu, Jackson M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the masses of the nucleons and deltas in twisted mass heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. We work to quadratic order in a power counting scheme in which we treat the lattice spacing and the quark masses to be of the same order. We give expressions for the mass and the mass splitting of the nucleons and deltas both in and away from the isospin limit. We give an argument using the chiral Lagrangian treatment that, in the strong isospin limit, the nucleons remain degenerate and the delta multiplet breaks into two degenerate pairs to all orders in chiral perturbation theory. We show that the mass splitting between the degenerate pairs of the deltas first appears at quadratic order in in the lattice spacing. We discuss the subtleties in the effective chiral theory that arise from the inclusion of isospin breaking.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, version published in PRD
Multi-mode CV-QKD with Noiseless Attenuation and Amplification
Creators: name: He, Mingjian
name: Malaney, Robert
name: Burnett, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the use of noiseless attenuation and noiseless amplification, in terms of multi-mode Continuous-Variable (CV) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) over satellite-to-ground channels. We propose an improved multi-mode CV-QKD protocol where noiseless attenuation and noiseless amplification operations are applied at the transmitter and the receiver, respectively. Our results show that consistent with single-mode CV-QKD, the noiseless amplification operation, when applied at the receiver, can increase the transmission distance and the channel noise tolerance of multi-mode CV-QKD. Different from single-mode CV-QKD, in multi-mode CV-QKD the key rate improvement offered by noiseless amplification can be further enhanced by adding noiseless attenuation at the transmitter.
Hard colloidal rods near a soft wall: wetting, drying, and symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Shundyak, K.
name: van Roij, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within an Onsager-like density functional theory we explore the thermodynamic and structural properties of an isotropic and nematic fluid of hard needle-like colloids in contact with a hard substrate coated with a soft short-ranged attractive or repulsive layer. As a function of the range and the strength of the soft interactions we find wetting and drying transitions, a pre-drying line, and a symmetry-breaking transition from uniaxial to biaxial in the wetting and drying film.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
I segreti di Marte nella polvere di Phobos
Creators: Albino Carbognani
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

L'origine dei due satelliti di Marte, Phobos e Deimos, resta un mistero. Per contribuire alla sua soluzione la Jaxa sta organizzando per il 2024 il lancio della missione Mmx, che avrà il compito di prelevare un campione dalla superficie di Phobos, mappare Deimos, e spedire verso la Terra il campione raccolto. Tuttavia, un recente studio dell'Università di Berkeley ha mostrato che l'analisi della regolite di Phobos potrebbe dare un notevole contributo per avere informazioni anche sulla composizione dell’atmosfera nel passato di Marte
Reproductive isolation between Dolly Varden (salvelinus malma) and bull trout (s. confluentus) in sympatry : the role of ecological factors
Creators: name: Hagen, John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Experimental evidence and theoretical arguments support the notion that ecological factors can be important in divergence and speciation. Empirical evidence suggests that ecology plays a role in divergence, but field studies addressing the importance of ecology in the evolution of reproductive isolation are few. Here I suggest that divergent natural selection is contributing to reproductive isolation between the closely related salmonid fish species Dolly Varden {Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (S. confluentus) in areas of their sympatry. In the Thutade watershed of northcentral British Columbia, hybridization occurs between these species naturally and produces viable, fertile offspring, suggesting the sympatry is not being maintained by genetic incompatibility. Both forms are found in the tributary streams, but resource use differences are subtle and insufficient to reduce the intensity of interspecific competition, suggesting no obvious basis, in this habitat, for natural selection against phenotypically intermediate hybrids. Life history differences, however, are obvious. Bull trout undergo a niche shift that the obligatorily streamresident Dolly Varden do not, migrating to Thutade Lake and becoming piscivorous. The substantial level of pre-mating isolation is probably caused by the large differences in body size (and correlated spawning behaviours) that result from the life history differences, while selection against intermediate, hybrid phenotypes can also be reasonably expected due to the completely different physical and biological environments in lake and stream habitats. Two potential ecological mechanisms for the life history differences are supported: i) divergent natural selection for alternative resource environments, which is suggested by morphological adaptations by each species to different-sized prey, and ii) divergent natural selection to reduce inter-specific competition, which is suggested by evidence for character displacement in life history.
Conserved vector current in QCD-like theories and the gradient flow
Creators: name: Boers, Marco
name: Pallante, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analytical results for the Euclidean 2-point correlator of the flavor-singlet vector current evolved by the gradient flow at next-to-leading order ($O(g^2)$) in perturbatively massless QCD-like theories. We show that the evolved 2-point correlator requires multiplicative renormalization, in contrast to the nonevolved case, and confirm, in agreement with other results in the literature, that such renormalization ought to be identified with a universal renormalization of the evolved elementary fermion field in all evolved fermion-bilinear currents, whereas the gauge coupling renormalizes as usual. We explicitly derive the asymptotic solution of the Callan-Symanzik equation for the connected 2-point correlators of these evolved currents in the limit of small gradient-flow time $\sqrt{t}$, at fixed separation $|x-y|$. Incidentally, this computation determines the leading coefficient of the operator-product expansion (OPE) in the small $t$ limit for the evolved currents in terms of their local nonevolved counterpart. Our computation also implies that, in the evolved case, conservation of the vector current, hence transversality of the corresponding 2-point correlator, is no longer related to the nonrenormalization, in contrast to the nonevolved case. Indeed, for small flow time the evolved vector current is conserved up to $O(t)$ softly violating effects, despite its $t$-dependent nonvanishing anomalous dimension.
description: 42 pages, 7 figures
Opportunità per scienziati, in erba e in carriera
Creators: Claudia Mignone
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

È online il bando annuale per le posizioni da Young Graduate Trainee presso l'Esa, l'Agenzia spaziale europea, con un centinaio di ruoli riservati a chi ha appena completato – o sta per completare – un corso accademico di laurea magistrale. Per gli scienziati che hanno già una certa carriera alle spalle, invece, sono aperte le candidature per il Breakthrough Prize, noto anche come l'Oscar della scienza
Inverted neutrino mass hierarchies from U(1) symmetries
Creators: name: Leontaris, G. K.
name: Psallidas, A.
name: Vlachos, N. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by effective low energy models of string origin, we discuss the neutrino masses and mixing within the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model supplemented by a U(1) anomalous family symmetry and additional Higgs singlet fields charged under this extra U(1). In particular, we interpret the solar and atmospheric neutrino data assuming that there are only three left-handed neutrinos which acquire Majorana masses via a lepton number violating dimension-five operator. We derive the general form of the charged lepton and neutrino mass matrices when two different pairs of singlet Higgs fields develop non--zero vacuum expectation values and show how the resulting neutrino textures are related to approximate lepton flavor symmetries. We perform a numerical analysis for one particular case and obtain solutions for masses and mixing angles, consistent with experimental data.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
ExoMol line lists -- XXXIX. Ro-vibrational molecular line list for CO$_2$
Creators: name: Yurchenko, S. N.
name: Mellor, Thomas M.
name: Freedman, Richard S.
name: Tennyson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new hot line list for the main isotopologue of CO$_2$ is presented. The line list consists of almost 2.5 billion transitions between 3.5 million rotation-vibration states of CO$_2$ in its ground electronic state, covering the wavenumber range 0-20000 cm$^{-1}$ ($λ>0.5$ $μ$m) with the upper and lower energy thresholds of 36 000 cm$^{-1}$ and 16 000 cm$^{-1}$, respectively. The ro-vibrational energies and wavefunctions are computed variationally using the Ames-2 accurate empirical potential energy surface. The ro-vibrational transition probabilities in the form of Einstein coefficients are computed using an accurate ab initio dipole moment surface using variational program TROVE. A new implementation of TROVE which uses an exact nuclear-motion kinetic energy operator is employed. Comparisons with the existing hot line lists are presented. The line list should be useful for atmospheric retrievals of exoplanets and cool stars. The UCL-4000 line list is available from the CDS and ExoMol databases.
Dalitz Plot Analysis of D0-->K0bar K+ K-
Creators: name: Aubert, B.
name: Collaboration, BABAR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Dalitz plot analysis of approximately 12500 D0 events reconstructed in the hadronic decay D0-->K0bar K+ K- is presented. This analysis is based on a data sample of 91.5 fb-1 collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+ e- storage rings at SLAC running at center-of-mass energies on and 40 MeV below the Y4S resonance. The events are selected from e+ e- --> c cbar annihilations using the decay D*+ --> D0 pi+. The following ratio of branching fractions has been obtained: BR = Gamma(D0-->K0bar K+ K-)/Gamma(D0-->K0bar pi+ pi-) = (15.8+/-0.1(stat.)+/-0.5(syst.)x 10-2 Estimates of fractions and phases for resonant and non-resonant contributions to the Dalitz plot are also presented. The a0(980)-->K Kbar projection has been extracted with little background. A search for CP asymmetries on the Dalitz plot has been performed.
description: 16 pages, 10 postscript figues, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
On Perturbation Theory and Critical Exponents for Self-Similar Systems
Creators: name: Hatefi, Ehsan
name: Kuntz, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational critical collapse in the Einstein-axion-dilaton system is known to lead to continuous self-similar solutions characterized by the Choptuik critical exponent $γ$. We complete the existing literature on the subject by computing the linear perturbation equations in the case where the axion-dilaton system assumes a parabolic form. Next, we solve the perturbation equations in a newly discovered self-similar solution in the hyperbolic case, which allows us to extract the Choptuik exponent. Our main result is that this exponent depends not only on the dimensions of spacetime but also the particular ansatz and the critical solutions that one started with.
description: V4: 15 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected. Published version in EPJC
Elettroni ultrarelativistici nelle fasce di Van Allen
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

I risultati di uno studio basato sui dati della sonda Van Allen Probes mostrano che, quando la densità del plasma nella magnetosfera è significativamente inferiore alla media, gli elettroni della fascia di Van Allen possono raggiungere energie ultrarelativistiche. Ciò ha importanti implicazioni nella comprensione dell’origine di questi elettroni attorno alla Terra, e potrebbe applicarsi anche ad altri pianeti come Giove, Saturno e altri plasmi magnetizzati nel Sistema solare
A possible solution of $B$ arrow $ππ$ puzzle in Z' model
Creators: name: Biswas, S.
name: Nayek, P.
name: Sahoo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrepancies among the measurements of branching ratios and CP asymmetries of $B$ arrow $ππ$ decays such as large direct CP asymmetry for $B^0 $ arrow $π^+ π^-$ mode and large branching ratio for $B^0$ arrow $π^0 π^0$ mode originate the $B$ arrow $ππ$ puzzle. According to diagrammatic approach of this $b$ arrow $d$ transition the small ratio of color-suppressed amplitude (C) to color-allowed one (T) contradicts between the standard model (SM) approach and the experimental values. To make out the ambiguity we need to scrutinize the decays with different topological amplitudes. In this paper, the decays are studied in the SM by taking different values of C/T as constraints. We find that larger ratio of C/T is explained successfully in the SM but the lower ratio is not for which new physics (NP) is needed. The NP contribution can be included in $B$ arrow $ππ$ decays at tree level by Z' boson. Here, we find that Z' model can explain the puzzle by providing a good solution for lower ratio of C/T.
The First Generation of Star-Forming Haloes
Creators: name: Reed, Darren
name: Bower, Richard
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Gao, Liang
name: Jenkins, Adrian
name: Theuns, Tom
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model gas cooling in high-resolution N-body simulations in order to investigate the formation of the first generation of stars. We follow a region of a LCDM universe especially selected to contain a rich cluster by the present day. The properties of the dark haloes that form in these sub-solar mass resolution simulations are presented in a companion paper by Gao et al. The first gas clouds able to cool by molecular hydrogen line emission collapse at extremely high redshift, z ~ 47, when the mass of the dark halo is 2.4 x 10^5 Msun/h. By z ~ 30, a substantial population of haloes are capable of undergoing molecular hydrogen cooling although their ability to form stars is dependent on the efficiency of feedback processes such as dissociating Lyman-Werner radiation. The mass of the main halo grows extremely rapidly and, by z ~ 36, its virial temperature has reached 10^4K, at which point gas cooling becomes dominated by more effective atomic line processes. By z ~ 30, a small ``group'' of such potential galaxies will have formed unless prevented from doing so by feedback processes. By this redshift, massive (>~ 100 Msun) population III stars are able to ionise gas well beyond their own host halo and neighbouring HII regions can percolate to form an ionized superbubble. Such patches would be too widely separated to contribute significantly to reionisation at this time. The large number density of early cooling haloes in the pre-reionised universe raises the exciting prospect that this ultra-early generation of stars may be observable as gamma-ray bursts or supernovae.
description: MNRAS accepted version. Minor changes from previous version, including 1 additional figure and further discussion of L-W radiation
Multiple zeta values and Rota--Baxter algebras
Creators: name: Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
name: Guo, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 16W99

description: We study multiple zeta values and their generalizations from the point of view of Rota--Baxter algebras. We obtain a general framework for this purpose and derive relations on multiple zeta values from relations in Rota--Baxter algebras.