cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The evolution and development of international health collaboration
Creators: name: Jolly, Jennifer Elaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The goal of this thesis is to document and explain the evolution and development of international health collaboration. Utilizing international relations theory, the initial development of the health regulatory regime is traced through the early sanitary conferences. The establishment of international health organizations is then documented, along with the transformation this entailed in international health collaboration. The resulting effect the institutionalization of the international health regime had upon international health collaboration is finally presented. It is determined that states initial interest in international health collaboration grew out of a concern for reducing the impediments to international trade and commerce that quarantine measures imposed. States were, at first, reluctant to collaborate, but as scientific knowledge increased, international cooperation in this area expanded. Realizing the benefits of joint technical cooperation, states formed international organizations. The special characteristics of international health under the guiding influence of medical specialists were to cause an evolution within this regime. Collaboration in this area has greatly increased. The primary concern of the international health regime is no longer the containment of pestilent diseases without significant interference to international commerce. This regime is now concerned with improving the level of health care to all states, regardless of the effects this might have on the interests of the developed states. Technical cooperation and aid to developing countries is now the central focus of the World Health Organization. This evolution has not occurred without some degree of conflict, however, as it is the developing states and the medical elites of the organization have forced the evolution of the previous norms of this regime. The developing states have a clear interest in securing assistance in developing their health infrastructures, and the elites of the WHO are committed by nature of their scientific training to work towards this ideal. The developed states are not in favour of this change as it threatens their interests and power within this regime. Although it initially appeared that collaboration in this area would be relatively easy to secure as an improvement in health would be to every state's benefit, this has not always been the case. International relations theory is utilized in this thesis to explain the origins, the obstacles, and the evolution that has occurred within this regime.
Evidence for a long-lived superheavy nucleus with atomic mass number A=292 and atomic number Z=~122 in natural Th
Creators: name: Marinov, A.
name: Rodushkin, I.
name: Kolb, D.
name: Pape, A.
name: Kashiv, Y.
name: Brandt, R.
name: Gentry, R. V.
name: Miller, H. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for the existence of a superheavy nucleus with atomic mass number A=292 and abundance (1-10)x10^(-12) relative to 232Th has been found in a study of natural Th using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry. The measured mass matches the predictions [1,2] for the mass of an isotope with atomic number Z=122 or a nearby element. Its estimated half-life of t1/2 >= 10^8 y suggests that a long-lived isomeric state exists in this isotope. The possibility that it might belong to a new class of long-lived high spin super- and hyperdeformed isomeric states is discussed.[3-6]
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Centrifuge modelling of the behaviour of geosynthetic-reinforced soils above voids
Creators: name: Da Silva, Talia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Centrifuge
Arching
Geosynthetics
Sinkholes

description: Understanding the deformation mechanisms of soils and geosynthetics in response to the formation of a void below a geosynthetic-reinforced soil is crucial to provide efficient designs of geosynthetic-reinforced soil systems such as embankments and landfill liners. Centrifuge modelling of the soil and geosynthetic behaviour was conducted using a trapdoor to simulate the formation of a void in a controlled environment at realistic stress levels. A plane-strain model allowed visual observations of the deformation mechanisms using Particle Image Velocimetry. Granular soils and model clay liners were tested, as would be relevant to embankments and landfills respectively. These soils were tested with and without the reinforcement to evaluate the benefit provided by the geosynthetic. Detailed analysis of the centrifuge test results showed that arching significantly reduces the stress at the base of the soil when a void forms; this mechanism is due to stress redistributions and not the formation of a physical arch. A new method to reliably predict this reduction was provided by calculating the coefficient of lateral stress on the failure plane based on the observations of a continuous convex arc of major principal strains above the void, and the assumption that this is indicative of the stress behaviour. The observed results were also used to address the limitations in the current design methods related to the fill behaviour. Expansion in the soil was confined to a parabolic zone above the void estimated from the soil dilatancy, rather than a single, unique coefficient of expansion in the deforming soil. The zone of subsidence was characterised by the combination of a vertical prism and funnel to the surface, with the surface settlement profile better described by a Gaussian distribution rather than the parabolic profile used previously. An adaptation to the design methods for use with compacted clay liners was proposed by considering the clay as a beam with the maximum strain related to curvature and not elongation, and calculating the applied stress on the geosynthetic ignoring the clay arching. Analysis and interpretation of the centrifuge tests has thus given new insight into the soil and geosynthetic behaviour based on visual observations relevant to how these systems deform in practice. This has allowed the recommendation of more efficient design procedures and consequently will facilitate better predictions of geosynthetic-reinforced soil behaviour above voids.
description: Gates Cambridge Trust
Point forecasting and forecast evaluation with generalized Huber loss
Creators: name: Taggart, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62C05, 91B06

description: Huber loss, its asymmetric variants and their associated functionals (here named Huber functionals) are studied in the context of point forecasting and forecast evaluation. The Huber functional of a distribution is the set of minimizers of the expected (asymmetric) Huber loss, is an intermediary between a quantile and corresponding expectile, and also arises in M-estimation. Each Huber functional is elicitable, generating the precise set of minimizers of an expected score, subject to weak regularity conditions on the class of probability distributions, and has a complete characterization of its consistent scoring functions. Such scoring functions admit a mixture representation as a weighted average of elementary scoring functions. Each elementary score can be interpreted as the relative economic loss of using a particular forecast for a class of investment decisions where profits and losses are capped. The relevance of this theory for comparative assessment of weather forecasts is also discussed.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. No changes to core mathematical results. Latest version includes more context on applications, and removes section on robust forecast verification of forecasts targeting the mean functional
Amplitude mediated spiral chimera pattern in a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system
Creators: name: Kundu, Srilena
name: Muruganandam, Paulsamy
name: Ghosh, Dibakar
name: Lakshmanan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Formation of diverse patterns in spatially extended reaction-diffusion systems is an important aspect of study which is pertinent to many chemical and biological processes. Of special interest is the peculiar phenomenon of chimera state having spatial coexistence of coherent and incoherent dynamics in a system of identically interacting individuals. In the present article, we report the emergence of various collective dynamical patterns while considering a system of prey-predator dynamics in presence of a two-dimensional diffusive environment. Particularly, we explore the observance of four distinct categories of spatial arrangements among the species, namely spiral wave, spiral chimera, completely synchronized oscillations, and oscillation death states in a broad region of the diffusion-driven parameter space. Emergence of amplitude mediated spiral chimera states displaying drifted amplitudes and phases in the incoherent subpopulation is detected for parameter values beyond both Turing and Hopf bifurcations. Transition scenarios among all these distinguishable patterns are numerically demonstrated for a wide range of the diffusion coefficients which reveal that the chimera states arise during the transition from oscillatory to steady state dynamics. Furthermore, we characterize the occurrence of each of the recognizable patterns by estimating the strength of incoherent subpopulations in the two-dimensional space.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E (2021)
Search for a signal on intermediate baryon systems formation in hadron-nuclear and nuclear-nuclear interactions at high energies
Creators: name: Huseynaliyev, Y. H.
name: Suleymanov, M. K.
name: Khan, E. U.
name: Kravchakova, A.
name: Vokal, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the behavior of different characteristics of hadron-nuclear and nuclear-nuclear interactions as a function of centrality to get a signal on the formation of intermediate baryon systems. We observed that the data demonstrate the regime change and saturation. The angular distributions of slow particles exhibit some structure in the above mentioned reactions at low energy. We believe that the structure could be connected with the formation and decay of the percolation cluster. With increasing the mass of colliding nuclei, the structure starts to become weak and almost disappears ultimately. This shows that the number of secondary internuclear interactions increases with increasing the mass of the colliding nuclei. The latter could be a reason of the disintegration of any intermediate formations as well as clusters, which decrease their influence on the angular distribution of the emitted particles.
description: 2 pages and one figure
Quantum emulation of topological magneto-optical effects using ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhen
name: Wang, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magneto-optical effect is a fundamental but broad concept in magnetic mediums. Here we propose a scheme for its quantum emulation using ultracold atoms. By representing the light-medium interaction in the quantum-emulation manner, the artificial magneto-optical effect emerges under an entirely different mechanism from the conventional picture. The underlying polarization state extracted in the synthetic dimension displays a different response to various experimental setups. Notably, the magneto-optical rotation is related to the bulk topology in synthetic dimensions, and thus provides an unambiguous evidence for the desired topological magneto-optical effect, which has not been developed hitherto in ultracold atoms. This scheme is simple and feasible, and can be realized by current experimental techniques. The implementation of the scheme is able to offer an intriguing platform for exploring topological magneto-optical effects and associated physics.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
The return of the membrane paradigm? Black holes and strings in the water tap
Creators: name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Dias, Oscar J. C.
name: Gualtieri, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several general arguments indicate that the event horizon behaves as a stretched membrane. We propose using this relation to understand gravity and dynamics of black objects in higher dimensions. We provide evidence that (i) the gravitational Gregory-Laflamme instability has a classical counterpart in the Rayleigh-Plateau instability of fluids. Each known feature of the gravitational instability can be accounted for in the fluid model. These features include threshold mode, dispersion relation, time evolution and critical dimension of certain phase transitions. Thus, we argue that black strings break in much the same way as water from a faucet breaks up into small droplets. (ii) General rotating black holes can also be understood with this analogy. In particular, instability and bifurcation diagrams for black objects can easily be inferred. This correspondence can and should be used as a guiding tool to understand and explore physics of gravity in higher dimensions.
description: This essay received an honorable mention in the Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition, 2007. v2: Published version
Mirror, Mirror: the Growth of Mirror Journals
Creators: name: Sewell, Claire
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Plan s
scholarly communication
research support
open access
mirror journals
publishing
scholarly publishing
libraries
librarianship

description: Open Access can be hard to understand at the best of times but one term that causes particular confusion is ‘mirror journals’. Promoted as one way of solving the problem of a lack of publisher interest in Open Access, these titles are appearing in every discipline but what are they? This webinar will outline mirror journals, their history, the problems they can solve and those that they can potentially cause!
Automated Knee X-ray Report Generation
Creators: name: Gasimova, Aydan
name: Montana, Giovanni
name: Rueckert, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gathering manually annotated images for the purpose of training a predictive model is far more challenging in the medical domain than for natural images as it requires the expertise of qualified radiologists. We therefore propose to take advantage of past radiological exams (specifically, knee X-ray examinations) and formulate a framework capable of learning the correspondence between the images and reports, and hence be capable of generating diagnostic reports for a given X-ray examination consisting of an arbitrary number of image views. We demonstrate how aggregating the image features of individual exams and using them as conditional inputs when training a language generation model results in auto-generated exam reports that correlate well with radiologist-generated reports.
Self-immolative chemistry in nanomedicine
Creators: name: Gisbert-Garzaran, M
name: Manzano, M
name: Vallet-Regi, M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Self-Immolative Chemistry is based on the cascade of disassembling reactions triggered by the adequate stimulation and leading to the sequential release of the smaller constituent elements. This review will focus on the possibilities that this type of chemistry offers to nanomedicine research, which is an area where the stimuli responsive behavior is always targeted. There are some examples on the use of self-immolative chemistry for prodrugs or nanoparticles for drug delivery, but there is still an exciting land of opportunities waiting to be explored. This review aims at revising what has been done so far, but, most importantly, it aims at inspiring new research of self-immolative chemistry on nanomedicine.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures
The first light-curve analysis of eclipsing binaries observed by the INTEGRAL/OMC
Creators: name: Zasche, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three Algol-type binaries in Cygnus constellation were selected for an analysis from a huge database of observations made by the INTEGRAL/OMC camera. These data were processed and analyzed, resulting in a first light-curve study of these neglected eclipsing binaries. The temperatures of the primary components range from 9500 K to 10500 K and the inclinations are circa 73deg (for PV Cyg and V1011 Cyg), while almost 90deg for V822 Cyg. All of them seem to be main-sequence stars, well within their critical Roche lobes. Nevertheless, further detailed analyses are still needed.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, published in New Ast
Intersectional approach to the sexual and reproductive experiences and expectations of Cape Verdean and Portuguese families
Creators: name: Alarcão, Violeta
name: Virgolino, Ana
name: Stefanovska-Petkovska, Miodraga
name: Santos, Osvaldo
name: Ribeiro, Sofia
name: Costa, Andreia
name: Nogueira, Paulo
name: Pascoal, Patrícia
name: Bajos, Nathalie
name: Pintassilgo, Sónia
name: Machado, Fernando Luís
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: ePoster of the project FEMINA protocol for presenting at the XVI European Congress of Psychology.
Schwinger Mechanism for Gluon Pair Production in the Presence of Arbitrary Time Dependent Chromo-Electric Field in Arbitrary Gauge
Creators: name: Nayak, Gouranga C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study non-perturbative gluon pair production from arbitrary time dependent chromo-electric field E^a(t) with arbitrary color index a =1,2,...8 via Schwinger mechanism in arbitrary covariant background gauge α. We show that the probability of non-perturbative gluon pair production per unit time per unit volume per unit transverse momentum \frac{dW}{d^4xd^2p_T} is independent of gauge fixing parameter α. Hence the result obtained in the Fynman-'t Hooft gauge, α=1, is the correct gauge invariant and gauge parameter αindependent result.
description: 8 pages latex, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A (accepted)
Urban design requirements, B. C. Place Vancouver, B. C.
Creators: name: Kemble, Roger
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A new set of urban design requirements is proposed to replace the current urban design guidelines for the B. C. Place site in Vancouver, B. C. The site is 90.6 hectares of open area, contiguous to the downtown, it is the subject of extensive planning activities. The site has been chosen because it is free of most of the typical impediments that constrain urban planning in more congested areas of the city. Accordingly, a new way of expressing urban space is appropriate. To be valid urban design requirements must be conceived with a purpose in mind. The purpose, here, is the essential element of urban design, a shared vision of urban space. It must define, within a broad public consensus, a set of urban design requirements communicating, over an extended time period, a consistent vision of urban space. Six urban design requirements are set out to implement a shared vision of urban space. They have been reduced to a minimum to provide as much freedom of expression to the design professions as possible. They are under six headings: Interim Land Use, Site Development, Physical Form and Design, Environment, Occupancy, and Movement. Pivotal in the composition of the urban design requirements is an instrument called the Orthodox Surface Modulator, augmented by a Check List of architectural design elements. Together they become a metaphoric framework of reference, a part of the creative process within the development control system. The Orthodox Surface Modulator, as it is applied, describes the volumetric forms of building envelopes and the public urban spaces between buildings. It describes buildings and spaces to enhance public amenity. It may, under specific environmental circumstances, mitigate undesirable site conditions by describing building envelopes as buffer buildings, shielding passive urban space from noise and distractions. Urban Space is discussed. A Shared Vision of Urban Space, how it is evolved by public discourse, and a proposed Theory of Urban Space is explained. A critique of current urban development on Burrard Street, Vancouver, between Georgia Street and the waterfront explains why the present urban design guidelines, transfer of development rights and bonusing, have failed to produce the intended urban spatial amenity. Urban design requirements are not a new phenomenon. Only since the early 1970s have they taken on their present complex form in the City of Vancouver. A brief historic outline traces the antecedents of the proposed urban design requirements, placing them in context from early Greek attempts to rationalize optical distortion to the present day. The proposed application of the six urban design requirements and the Surface Modulator would be mandatory. The manner in which the elements of the Check List are integrated into the matrix of the Surface Modulator is proposed to be discretionary. The complete set of urban design requirements are intended to be used in a negotiating procedure common in planning practice.
Functional Distributional Semantics: Learning Linguistically Informed Representations from a Precisely Annotated Corpus
Creators: name: Emerson, Guy
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: formal semantics
distributional semantics
machine learning

description: The aim of distributional semantics is to design computational techniques that can automatically learn the meanings of words from a body of text. The twin challenges are: how do we represent meaning, and how do we learn these representations? The current state of the art is to represent meanings as vectors – but vectors do not correspond to any traditional notion of meaning. In particular, there is no way to talk about truth, a crucial concept in logic and formal semantics. In this thesis, I develop a framework for distributional semantics which answers this challenge. The meaning of a word is not represented as a vector, but as a function, mapping entities (objects in the world) to probabilities of truth (the probability that the word is true of the entity). Such a function can be interpreted both in the machine learning sense of a classifier, and in the formal semantic sense of a truth-conditional function. This simultaneously allows both the use of machine learning techniques to exploit large datasets, and also the use of formal semantic techniques to manipulate the learnt representations. I define a probabilistic graphical model, which incorporates a probabilistic generalisation of model theory (allowing a strong connection with formal semantics), and which generates semantic dependency graphs (allowing it to be trained on a corpus). This graphical model provides a natural way to model logical inference, semantic composition, and context-dependent meanings, where Bayesian inference plays a crucial role. I demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by training a model on WikiWoods, a parsed version of the English Wikipedia, and evaluating it on three tasks. The results indicate that the model can learn information not captured by vector space models.
description: Schiff Fund Studentship
A cohomological construction of modules over Fedosov deformation quantization algebra
Creators: name: Pol'shin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D55, 53D50, 17B55

description: In certain neighborhood $U$ of an arbitrary point of a symplectic manifold $M$ we construct a Fedosov-type star-product $\ast_L$ such that for an arbitrary leaf $\wp$ of a given polarization $\mathcal{D}\subset TM$ the algebra $C^\infty (\wp \cap U)[[h]]$ has a natural structure of left module over the deformed algebra $(C^\infty (U)[[h]], \ast_L)$. With certain additional assumptions on $M$, $\ast_L$ becomes a so-called star-product with separation of variables.
description: 8 pages, latex. Final version to appear in IJGMMP
Readout electronics and data acquisition system of PandaX-4T experiment
Creators: name: Yang, Jijun
name: Chen, Xun
name: He, Changda
name: Huang, Di
name: Huang, Yanlin
name: Liu, Jianglai
name: Ren, Xiangxiang
name: Wang, Anqing
name: Wang, Meng
name: Yan, Binbin
name: Yin, Kai
name: Yang, Jinqun
name: Yang, Yong
name: Zheng, Qibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PandaX-4T is a dark matter direct detection experiment located in China jinping underground laboratory. The central apparatus is a dual-phase xenon detector containing 4 ton liquid xenon in the sensitive volume, with about 500 photomultipliers instrumented in the top and the bottom of the detector. In this paper we present a completely new system of readout electronics and data acquisition in the PandaX-4T experiment. Compared to the one used in the previous PandaX dark matter experiments, the new system features triggerless readout and higher bandwidth. With triggerless readout, dark matter searches are not affected by the efficiency loss of external triggers. The system records single photelectron signals of the dominant PMTs with an average efficiency of 96\%, and achieves the bandwidth of more than 450 MB/s. The system has been used to successfully acquire data during the commissioning runs of PandaX-4T.
description: JINST accepted version
U.S. Maritime Policy in Cold War East Asia, 1945-1979
Creators: name: Chen, Kuan-Jen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Maritime Policy

description: New Order on the Sea during the Cold War era
description: European Research Council Project: “The Dissolution of the Japanese Empire and the Struggle for Legitimacy in Postwar East Asia, 1945–1965” (DOJSFL 313382)” John Crump Scholarship, British Association for Japanese Studies Prince Consort Studentship, University of Cambridge Predoctoral Fellowship, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taiwan The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Fellowship, Taiwan The Japan Foundation Fellowship, Japan Adams Centre Dissertation Grant, Virginia Military Institute, US
Electronic structure of SrTi$_{1-x}$V$_x$O$_3$ films studied by ${\it in\ situ}$ photoemission spectroscopy: Screening for a transparent electrode material
Creators: name: Kanda, Tatsuhiko
name: Shiga, Daisuke
name: Yukawa, Ryu
name: Hasegawa, Naoto
name: Nguyen, Duy Khanh
name: Cheng, Xianglin
name: Tokunaga, Ryosuke
name: Kitamura, Miho
name: Horiba, Koji
name: Yoshimatsu, Kohei
name: Kumigashira, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigated the electronic structure of SrTi$_{1-x}$V$_x$O$_3$ (STVO) thin films, which are solid solutions of strongly correlated transparent conductive oxide (TCO) SrVO$_3$ and oxide semiconductor SrTiO$_3$, using ${in situ}$ photoemission spectroscopy. STVO is one of the most promising candidates for correlated-metal TCO because it has the capability of optimizing the performance of transparent electrodes by varying ${x}$. Systematic and significant spectral changes were found near the Fermi level (${E_{\rm F}}$) as a function of ${x}$, while the overall electronic structure of STVO is in good agreement with the prediction of band structure calculations. As ${x}$ decreases from 1.0, spectral weight transfer occurs from the coherent band near ${E_{\rm F}}$ to the incoherent states (lower Hubbard band) around 1.0-1.5 eV. Simultaneously, a pseudogap is formed at ${E_{\rm F}}$, indicating a significant reduction in quasiparticle spectral weight within close vicinity of ${E_{\rm F}}$. This pseudogap seems to evolve into an energy gap at ${x}$ = 0.4, suggesting the occurrence of a composition-driven metal-insulator transition. From angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopic results, the carrier concentration ${n}$ changes proportionally as a function of ${x}$ in the metallic range of ${x}$ = 0.6-1.0. In contrast, the mass enhancement factor, which is proportional to the effective mass (${m^*}$), does not change significantly with varying ${x}$. These results suggest that the key factor of ${n/m^*}$ in optimizing the performance of correlated-metal TCO is tuned by ${x}$, highlighting the potential of STVO to achieve the desired TCO performance in the metallic region.
description: 32 pages, 5 main figures, and 7 supplementary figures
The return of the four- and five-dimensional preons
Creators: name: Figueroa-O'Farrill, José
name: Gutowski, Jan
name: Sabra, Wafic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove the existence of 3/4-BPS preons in four- and five-dimensional gauged supergravities by explicitly constructing them as smooth quotients of the AdS_4 and AdS_5 maximally supersymmetric backgrounds, respectively. This result illustrates how the spacetime topology resurrects a fraction of supersymmetry previously ruled out by the local analysis of the Killing spinor equations.
description: 10 pages (a minor imprecision has been corrected)
Analytic Modeling of Idle Waves in Parallel Programs: Communication, Cluster Topology, and Noise Impact
Creators: name: Afzal, Ayesha
name: Hager, Georg
name: Wellein, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most distributed-memory bulk-synchronous parallel programs in HPC assume that compute resources are available continuously and homogeneously across the allocated set of compute nodes. However, long one-off delays on individual processes can cause global disturbances, so-called idle waves, by rippling through the system. This process is mainly governed by the communication topology of the underlying parallel code. This paper makes significant contributions to the understanding of idle wave dynamics. We study the propagation mechanisms of idle waves across the ranks of MPI-parallel programs. We present a validated analytic model for their propagation velocity with respect to communication parameters and topology, with a special emphasis on sparse communication patterns. We study the interaction of idle waves with MPI collectives and show that, depending on the implementation, a collective may be transparent to the wave. Finally we analyze two mechanisms of idle wave decay: topological decay, which is rooted in differences in communication characteristics among parts of the system, and noise-induced decay, which is caused by system or application noise. We show that noise-induced decay is largely independent of noise characteristics but depends only on the overall noise power. An analytic expression for idle wave decay rate with respect to noise power is derived. For model validation we use microbenchmarks and stencil algorithms on three different supercomputing platforms.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Adversarial Attacks and Mitigation for Anomaly Detectors of Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Jia, Yifan
name: Wang, Jingyi
name: Poskitt, Christopher M.
name: Chattopadhyay, Sudipta
name: Sun, Jun
name: Chen, Yuqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The threats faced by cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in critical infrastructure have motivated research into a multitude of attack detection mechanisms, including anomaly detectors based on neural network models. The effectiveness of anomaly detectors can be assessed by subjecting them to test suites of attacks, but less consideration has been given to adversarial attackers that craft noise specifically designed to deceive them. While successfully applied in domains such as images and audio, adversarial attacks are much harder to implement in CPSs due to the presence of other built-in defence mechanisms such as rule checkers(or invariant checkers). In this work, we present an adversarial attack that simultaneously evades the anomaly detectors and rule checkers of a CPS. Inspired by existing gradient-based approaches, our adversarial attack crafts noise over the sensor and actuator values, then uses a genetic algorithm to optimise the latter, ensuring that the neural network and the rule checking system are both deceived.We implemented our approach for two real-world critical infrastructure testbeds, successfully reducing the classification accuracy of their detectors by over 50% on average, while simultaneously avoiding detection by rule checkers. Finally, we explore whether these attacks can be mitigated by training the detectors on adversarial samples.
description: Accepted by the International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection (IJCIP)
The eta' meson from lattice QCD
Creators: name: ETM Collaboration
name: Jansen, K.
name: Michael, C.
name: Urbach, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the flavour singlet pseudoscalar mesons from first principles using lattice QCD. With N_f=2 flavours of light quark, this is the so-called eta_2 meson and we discuss the phenomenological status of this. Using maximally twisted-mass lattice QCD, we extract the mass of the eta_2 meson at two values of the lattice spacing for lighter quarks than previously discussed in the literature. We are able to estimate the mass value in the limit of light quarks with their physical masses.
description: 16 pages: version accepted for publication
The holomorphic anomaly for open string moduli
Creators: name: Bonelli, Giulio
name: Tanzini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We complete the holomorphic anomaly equations for topological strings with their dependence on open moduli. We obtain the complete system by standard path integral arguments generalizing the analysis of BCOV (Commun. Math. Phys. 165 (1994) 311) to strings with boundaries. We study both the anti-holomorphic dependence on open moduli and on closed moduli in presence of Wilson lines. By providing the compactification a' la Deligne-Mumford of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces with boundaries, we show that the open holomorphic anomaly equations are structured on the (real codimension one) boundary components of this space.
description: 1+14 pages, 6 figures! v2: ref. added v3: section 4 expanded, 1+17 pages, 11 figures!!, to be publ. in JHEP
Delocalization effect of the Hubbard repulsion in exact terms and two dimensions
Creators: name: Gulacsi, Zsolt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The genuine physical reasons explaining the delocalization effect of the Hubbard repulsion U are analyzed. First it is shown that always when this effect is observed, U acts on the background of a macroscopic degeneracy present in a multiband type of system. After this step I demonstrate that acting in such conditions, by strongly diminishing the double occupancy, U spreads out the contributions in the ground state wave function, hence strongly increases the one-particle localization length, consequently extends the one-particle behavior producing conditions for a delocalization effect. To be valuable, the reported results are presented in exact terms, being based on the first exact ground states deduced at half filling in two dimensions for a prototype two band system, the generic periodic Anderson model at finite value of the interaction.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
A sharper view of the outer Galaxy at 1420 and 408 MHz from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey II: The catalogue of extended radio sources
Creators: name: Kerton, C. R.
name: Murphy, J.
name: Patterson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new catalogue of extended radio sources has been prepared based on arcminute-resolution 1420 MHz images from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS). The new catalogue provides both 1420 MHz and 408 MHz flux density measurements on sources found near the Galactic plane in the second quadrant of our Galaxy. In addition cross-identifications are made with other major radio catalogues and information is provided to facilitate the recovery of CGPS image data associated with each catalogued source. Numerous new radio sources are identified and the catalogue provides a comprehensive summary of both newly discovered and previously known HII regions and supernova remnants in the outer Galaxy. The catalogue should be of use both for synoptic studies of Galactic structure and for placing higher resolution observations, at radio and other wavelengths, in context.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 8 pages, 6 figures
Molière : a theatre of movement
Creators: name: Small, Marjorie Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Molière's theatre is one of movement. He owes his keen sense of the gestural especially to the commedia dell'arte and French farce traditions. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the rhythm and devices he employs in some of his earlier and more mature plays. This discussion reveals patterns of reversal, repetition and oscillation, the elements which give particular exuberance to his comic vision. As an actor, director and playwright he had a unique genius for translating his gestural vision into great theatrical works.
The Role of the State in Urban Development: The Case of Urban Waterscapes in Cairo, Egypt
Creators: name: Wahby, Noura
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: water governance
urban informality
contention
Cairo
Egypt
uneven development
hydraulic citizenship

description: This dissertation explores the making of infrastructure in Middle East cities in the face of rising urban inequalities and grassroots mobilisation efforts. National governments and international donors continue to provide apolitical technical explanations to infrastructural failures in Cairo, but remain silent on systemic inequalities cemented by local and transnational capital. My study examines the politics of urban water as a site of negotiation, accumulation by dispossession and of protest, in both elite and unplanned areas in Cairo’s North Eastern districts. Moments of water shortages in Cairo are used to trace processes of state-society negotiations and claim-making. Based on qualitative action research tools like community and elite interviews, narrative walks, archival research and government meetings, I contend that informal practices are used by political and economic actors to govern urban water. I argue that informality drives conditions of infrastructure access and transcends class, institutional legality, and geographical boundaries. My research contests the accepted assumption of the Egyptian state’s monopoly over its water functions. First, I address the ‘informal state’ and expose arbitrary policy-making, donor pressures and crony networks, and ‘guesstimations’ by street-level water bureaucrats. Second, I analyse informal water practices, such as community-constructed water projects in poor neighbourhoods, and privatised governance in elite settlements. In order to trace exclusive water access, I particularly examine local patronage geometries and networks of privilege of the state, real estate developers, and the military. Third, I contend that both elite and marginalised residents employ contentious and organisational tools to secure water rights; through protests, social media activism, and people as infrastructure. This study engages with urban theorisations from the Global South and contributes case studies from the Middle East on urban water, grassroots negotiations and informality. It provides an alternative to apolitical discourses on infrastructure failures, emphasising class, variegated water supplies, and state-society relations.
Modified Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical quantum gas
Creators: name: Vretenar, Mario
name: Toebes, Chris
name: Klaers, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open quantum systems can be systematically controlled by making changes to their environment. A well-known example is the spontaneous radiative decay of an electronically excited emitter, such as an atom or a molecule, which is significantly influenced by the feedback from the emitter's environment, for example, by the presence of reflecting surfaces. A prerequisite for a deliberate control of an open quantum system is to reveal the physical mechanisms that determine the state of the system. Here, we investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of a photonic Bose gas in an environment with controlled dissipation and feedback realised by a potential landscape that effectively acts as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Our measurements offer a highly systematic picture of Bose-Einstein condensation under non-equilibrium conditions. We show that the condensation process is an interplay between minimising the energy of the condensate, minimising particle losses and maximising constructive feedback from the environment. In this way our experiments reveal physical mechanisms involved in the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, which typically remain hidden when the system is close to thermal equilibrium. Beyond a deeper understanding of Bose-Einstein condensation, our results open new pathways in quantum simulation with optical Bose-Einstein condensates.
Determining the Magnetic Field Orientation of Coronal Mass Ejections from Faraday Rotation
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Manchester, W. B.
name: Kasper, J. C.
name: Richardson, J. D.
name: Belcher, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method to measure the magnetic field orientation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using Faraday rotation (FR). Two basic FR profiles, Gaussian-shaped with a single polarity or "N"-like with polarity reversals, are produced by a radio source occulted by a moving flux rope depending on its orientation. These curves are consistent with the Helios observations, providing evidence for the flux-rope geometry of CMEs. Many background radio sources can map CMEs in FR onto the sky. We demonstrate with a simple flux rope that the magnetic field orientation and helicity of the flux rope can be determined 2-3 days before it reaches Earth, which is of crucial importance for space weather forecasting. An FR calculation based on global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of CMEs in a background heliosphere shows that FR mapping can also resolve a CME geometry curved back to the Sun. We discuss implementation of the method using data from the Mileura Widefield Array (MWA).
description: 22 pages with 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophys. J
Towards efficient and accurate \emph{ab initio} solutions to periodic systems via transcorrelation and coupled cluster theory
Creators: name: Liao, Ke
name: Schraivogel, Thomas
name: Luo, Hongjun
name: Kats, Daniel
name: Alavi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a streamlined combination scheme of the transcorrelation (TC) and coupled cluster (CC) theory, which not only increases the convergence rate with respect to the basis set, but also extends the applicability of the lowest order CC approximations to strongly correlated regimes in the three dimensional uniform electron gas (3D UEG). With the correct physical insights built into the correlator used in TC, highly accurate ground state energies with errors $\leq 0.001 $ a.u./electron relative to the state-of-the-art quantum Monte Carlo results can be obtained across a wide range of densities. The greatly improved efficiency and accuracy of our methods hold great promise for strongly correlated solids where many other methods fail.
Pattern Formation During Deformation of a Confined Viscoelastic Layer: From a Viscous Liquid to a Soft Elastic Solid
Creators: name: Nase, J.
name: Lindner, A.
name: Creton, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study pattern formation during tensile deformation of confined viscoelastic layers. The use of a model system (PDMS with different degrees of crosslinking) allows us to go continuously from a viscous liquid to an elastic solid. We observe two distinct regimes of fingering instabilities: a regime called "elastic" with interfacial crack propagation where the fingering wavelength only scales with the film thickness, and a bulk regime called "viscoelastic" where the fingering instability shows a Saffman-Taylor-like behavior. We find good quantitative agreement with theory in both cases and present a reduced parameter describing the transition between the two regimes and allowing to predict the observed patterns over the whole range of viscoelastic properties.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures, typos corrected, figure 5 replaced