cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Upgrade of the GADAST detector by 16 LaBr$_3$ scintillator detectors
Creators: name: Mukha, I.
name: Dunin, V.
name: Fomichev, A.
name: Krupko, S.
name: Bezbakh, A.
name: Baraeva, S.
name: Gorskhov, A.
name: Knyazev, A.
name: Sharov, P. G.
name: Scheidenberger, C.
name: Simon, H.
name: Slepnev, R.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Status of ion-optics for the Super-FRS
Creators: name: Winfield, J.
name: Geissel, H.
name: Franczak, B.
name: Kazantseva, E.
name: Knöbel, R.
name: Mukha, I.
name: Münzenberg, G.
name: Nociforo, C.
name: Plaß, W.
name: Purushothaman, S.
name: Scheidenberger, C.
name: Weick, H.
name: Winkler, M.
name: Yavor, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Poisson (co)homology and isolated singularities
Creators: name: Pichereau, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B55, 17B63

description: To each polynomial $\v\in\F[x,y,z]$ is associated a Poisson structure on $\F^3$, a surface and a Poisson structure on this surface. When $\v$ is weight homogeneous with an isolated singularity, we determine the Poisson cohomology and homology of the two Poisson varieties obtained.
description: 27 pages
Sequence elimination function and the formulas of prime numbers
Creators: name: Diab, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We will derive a function that eliminates any sequence of equidistant numbers from the integer numbers, then we will derive its inverse. Then we will use the Sequence elimination function to eliminate the multiples of the prime numbers from the integer numbers to produce formulas that generate all prime numbers in some interval.
description: 10 pages
AARP Second Half of Life Study: In collaboration with National Geographic Partners
Creators: name: AARP
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2024

description: Current and future expected quality of life (4); optimism for the future (3); current level of happiness (1); concerns about aging (16); life expectancy (1); age respondent would like to live to (1); steps to address health concerns (7); activities to improve health (10); current overall health (1); number of current chronic/serious medical conditions (1); most feared health issues (24); feared age-related life changes (18); slow aging/extend life (2); relationships/purpose (10); wealth/retirement (9); housing/living arrangements (5); end of life documents/preparation (10); unpaid/paid care (3); fear of death (1); quick/slow passing (1); importance of spiritual/emotional preparations for death (10); medical aid in dying (1).
Respondents age 85+: current life met expectations (8); best adult decade (1).
Optically Facet-Resolved Reaction Anisotropy in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Song, Myeongin
name: Kang, Haneul
name: Rhodes, Dan
name: Kim, Bumho
name: Hone, James
name: Ryu, Sunmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantifying anisotropy in the chemical reactions of mesoscopic crystals has mostly resorted on the combination of electron microscopy and diffraction. In this work, we established crystal-facet-resolved kinetic measurements of oxidation reactions in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) using optical second-harmonic generation spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy. We show the in-plane anisotropy of their bond-breaking reactions is governed by their structure and strongly material-dependent among four TMDs. The facet-resolved analysis directly revealed that the reactions proceed fastest (slowest) for chalcogen (metal)-terminated zigzag edges with armchair edges in the middle. The degree of the anisotropy inducing trigonal oxidation patterns was much higher in MoS2 and MoSe2 than WS2 and WSe2. Kinetic Wulff construction based on edge-specific reaction rates verified the material-dependent mesoscopic reaction patterns. We also show that the reactions are initiated at substrate-mediated defects located on the bottom and top surfaces of 2D TMDs.
New results from combined isochronous mass spectrometry experiments with 238 U fission fragments at the FRS-ESR facility
Creators: name: Diwisch, M.
name: Knöbel, R.
name: Geissel, H.
name: Patyk, Z.
name: Plaß, Wolfgang
name: Scheidenberger, C.
name: Weick, H.
name: Beckert, K.
name: Bosch, F.
name: Boutin, D.
name: Brandau, C.
name: Chen, L.
name: Cullen, I.
name: Dimopoulou, C.
name: Dolinskyy, O.
name: Fabian, B.
name: Hausmann, M.
name: Klepper, O.
name: Kozhuharov, C.
name: Kurcewicz, J.
name: Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein, N.
name: Litvinov, S.
name: Litvinov, Y.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Mazzocco, M.
name: Montes, F.
name: Münzenberg, G.
name: Musumurra, A.
name: Nakajima, S.
name: Nociforo, C.
name: Nolden, F.
name: Ohtsubo, T.
name: Ozawa, T.
name: Steck, M.
name: Sun, B.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Walker, P.
name: Winckler, N.
name: Winkler, M.
name: Yamaguchi, T.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Dynamical Casimir effect in nonlinear vibrating cavities
Creators: name: Akopyan, Lianna A.
name: Trunin, Dmitrii A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear terms in the equations of motion can induce secularly growing loop corrections to correlation functions. Recently such corrections were shown to affect the particle production by a nonuniformly moving ideal mirror. We extend this conclusion to the cases of ideal vibrating cavity and single semitransparent mirror. These models provide natural IR and UV scales and allow a more accurate study of the loop behavior. In both cases we confirm that two-loop correction to the Keldysh propagator quadratically grows with time. This growth indicates a breakdown of the semiclassical approximation and emphasizes that bulk nonlinearities in the dynamical Casimir effect cannot be neglected for large evolution times.
description: 26 pages + appendixes, 3 figures. v2: several amendments made, typos corrected
The Helical Liquid and the Edge of Quantum Spin Hall Systems
Creators: name: Wu, Congjun
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The edge states of the recently proposed quantum spin Hall systems constitute a new symmetry class of one-dimensional liquids dubbed the ``helical liquid'', where the spin orientation is determined by the direction of electron motion. We prove a no-go theorem which states that a helical liquid with an odd number of components cannot be constructed in a purely 1D lattice system. In a helical liquid with an odd number of components, a uniform gap in the ground state can appear when the time-reversal (TR) symmetry is spontaneously broken by interactions. On the other hand, a correlated two-particle backscattering term by an impurity can become relevant while keeping the TR invariance. The Kondo effect in such a liquid exhibits new features in the structure of the screening cloud.
description: 4 pages, accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
Study of the HPGe detector radiation damages by pulse shape analysis
Creators: name: Kojouharov, I.
name: Kocheva, D.
name: Gerl, J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Evolution of collectivity in the vicinity on $^{208}$Pb: Preliminary results
Creators: name: Cortes, M. L.
name: Alexander, T.
name: Sarmiento, L.
name: Reese, M.
name: Rudolph, D.
name: Podolyak, Z.
name: Pietralla, N.
name: Gerl, J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
The Geometry and Dynamical Role of Stellar Wind Bubbles in Photoionised HII Regions
Creators: name: Geen, Sam
name: Bieri, Rebekka
name: Rosdahl, Joakim
name: de Koter, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Winds from young massive stars contribute a large amount of energy to their host molecular clouds. This has consequences for the dynamics and observable structure of star-forming clouds. In this paper, we present radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent molecular clouds that form individual stars of 30, 60 and 120 solar masses emitting winds and ultraviolet radiation following realistic stellar evolution tracks. We find that winds contribute to the total radial momentum carried by the expanding nebula around the star at 10 % of the level of photoionisation feedback, and have only a small effect on the radial expansion of the nebula. Radiation pressure is largely negligible in the systems studied here. The 3D geometry and evolution of wind bubbles is highly aspherical and chaotic, characterised by fast-moving "chimneys" and thermally-driven "plumes". These plumes can sometimes become disconnected from the stellar source due to dense gas flows in the cloud. Our results compare favourably with the findings of relevant simulations, analytic models and observations in the literature while demonstrating the need for full 3D simulations including stellar winds. However, more targeted simulations are needed to better understand results from observational studies.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Functional evolution of quantum cylindrical waves
Creators: name: Cho, Demian H. J.
name: Varadarajan, Madhavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kucha{ř} showed that the quantum dynamics of (1 polarization) cylindrical wave solutions to vacuum general relativity is determined by that of a free axially-symmetric scalar field along arbitrary axially-symmetric foliations of a fixed flat 2+1 dimensional spacetime. We investigate if such a dynamics can be defined {\em unitarily} within the standard Fock space quantization of the scalar field. Evolution between two arbitrary slices of an arbitrary foliation of the flat spacetime can be built out of a restricted class of evolutions (and their inverses). The restricted evolution is from an initial flat slice to an arbitrary (in general, curved) slice of the flat spacetime and can be decomposed into (i) `time' evolution in which the spatial Minkowskian coordinates serve as spatial coordinates on the initial and the final slice, followed by (ii) the action of a spatial diffeomorphism of the final slice on the data obtained from (i). We show that although the functional evolution of (i) is unitarily implemented in the quantum theory, generic spatial diffeomorphisms of (ii) are not. Our results imply that a Tomanaga-Schwinger type functional evolution of quantum cylindrical waves is not a viable concept even though, remarkably, the more limited notion of functional evolution in Kucha{ř}'s `half parametrized formalism' is well-defined.
description: Replaced with published version
Homes for the people : the Peter Lalor home building co-operative: 1946 - 2004
Creators: name: Scollay, Moira
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: HD7287.7.A8 S36 2010
subject: Housing, Cooperative Australia Lalor (Vic.)
subject: Community development Australia Lalor (Vic.)
subject: Social capital (Sociology) Australia Lalor (Vic.)

description: Hidden within the Melbourne suburb of Lalor, lies an intriguing story. Named to honour the leader of the Eureka Rebellion, the Peter Lalor Homebuilding Co-operative Society was formed after World War II during a chronic housing shortage. It was composed mainly of ex-servicemen and their families who were driven by a self-help ethos and a determination to see working-class men and women fulfil the great Australian dream of owning their own homes. Further, the members aspired to create a new co-operative way ofliving dedicated 'to those who died to make this a better world.' Subsequent residents from new immigrant groups shared some similar dreams, but transformed the social landscape. The timescale of the thesis - 1946 to 2004 - provides the opportunity to trace the sweeping changes that occurred in this suburban setting. This thesis analyses the co-operative and situates its genesis within the international and Australian co-operative movements, the 'garden city' movement, the Australian labour movement and Catholic social doctrine. The members adapted these ideas into their own unique experiment. Prosopography has provided the methodology for understanding this remarkable community: home by home, family by family, street by street. New archival material has emerged on the Victorian co-operative movement and, particularly, from the Peter Lalor membership through the provision of co-operative and personal records, and written and oral testimony. I argue that the co-operative provided affordable housing for a community of 800 people, and the members gained enhanced control over their lives through the creation of social capital - a civic space between the individual and the state. By this means they were ahead of their time in addressing a democratic deficit. The individual ethnic communities of Lalor subsequently formed what I have termed 'parallel communities'. They co-existed in Lalor, not necessarily through hostility, but parallel nonetheless. Each created its own institutions of social capital but collectively they lacked cohesion. Ultimately there are lessons for the 21st century as we face the further challenges of affordable housing and community development. Apart from these conclusions, the history of Lalor has been resurrected from the footnotes of history. We meet some inspirational leaders, whose biographies have been written for the first time, but ultimately this is the history of ordinary men and women co-operating in the creation of a community. Some of their stories are told here; they are worth telling.
Platinum-group elements geochemistry of felsic rocks
Creators: name: Park, Jung-Woo
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: QE462.U4 P37 2012
subject: Platinum group
subject: Ultrabasic rocks
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The mechanisms by which the platinum group elements (PGE) concentrate and fractionate during magmatic processes, especially in felsic magmatic systems, is poorly understood. The felsic igneous rocks are often linked to hydrothermal Cu-Au mineralization and the presence or absence of sulfide saturation during fractionation is critical to the ore forming processes. PGE can be a sensitive indicator for sulfide saturation due to their high compatibility with sulfide melts. This research investigated the geochemistry of the PGE and Re in two volcanic suites (Ambae and Pual Ridge lavas) and one intrusive suite (Boggy Plain zoned pluton) that show large compositional variations from mafic to felsic in order to improve our understanding of the behavior of PGE and Re during crystal fractionation, and to apply the lesson learnt for distinguishing between productive and barren felsic systems. Analyses of PGE and Re in felsic rocks were carried out using a modified precise NiS fire assay - isotope dilution method. The Ambae and Pual Ridge studies showed that Cr spinel is an important host for Rh, Ir, Os and Ru in oxidized ultramafic-mafic arc magmas and that a Pt-alloy can crystallize from an arc-type basaltic-andesitic magma, and fractionate Pt from Pd. The timing of sulfide saturation is identified by the systematic depletion of all PGE in evolving magmas and a marked decrease in Pd/Cu. Sulfide saturation followed after the onset of magnetite crystallization may be a common feature of tholeiitic (or transitional tholeiitic) suites that follow an iron-enrichment trend. In addition, loess samples from China were analyzed for PGE and Re to constrain the PGE and Re abundances in the upper continental crust. The results lead to a revised PGE composition of the upper continental crust, especially for Ru and Rh. These results are of importance for understanding PGE abundances in felsic igneous rocks that form by direct melting or assimilation of continental crust. -- provided by Candidate.
Self-Amplification of Coherent Energy Modulation in Seeded Free-Electron Lasers
Creators: name: Yan, Jiawei
name: Gao, Zhangfeng
name: Qi, Zheng
name: Zhang, Kaiqing
name: Zhou, Kaishang
name: Liu, Tao
name: Chen, Si
name: Feng, Chao
name: Li, Chunlei
name: Feng, Lie
name: Lan, Taihe
name: Zhang, Wenyan
name: Wang, Xingtao
name: Li, Xuan
name: Jiang, Zenggong
name: Wang, Baoliang
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Gu, Duan
name: Zhang, Meng
name: Deng, Haixiao
name: Gu, Qiang
name: Leng, Yongbin
name: Yin, Lixin
name: Liu, Bo
name: Wang, Dong
name: Zhao, Zhentang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectroscopic techniques for time-resolved fine analysis of matter require coherent X-ray radiation with femtosecond duration and high average brightness. Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs), which use the frequency up-conversion of an external seed laser to improve temporal coherence, are ideal for providing fully coherent soft X-ray pulses. However, it is difficult to operate seeded FELs at a high repetition rate due to the limitations of present state-of-the-art laser systems. Here, we report the novel self-modulation method for enhancing laser-induced energy modulation, thereby significantly reducing the requirement of an external laser system. Driven by this scheme, we experimentally realize high harmonic generation in a seeded FEL using an unprecedentedly small energy modulation. An electron beam with a laser-induced energy modulation as small as 1.8 times the slice energy spread is used for lasing at the 7th harmonic of a 266-nm seed laser in a single-stage high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) setup and the 30th harmonic of the seed laser in a two-stage HGHG setup. The results mark a major step towards a high-repetition-rate, fully coherent X-ray FEL.
Polarized kilonovae from black hole-neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Bulla, M.
name: Kyutoku, K.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Covino, S.
name: Bruten, J. R.
name: Matsumoto, T.
name: Maund, J. R.
name: Testa, V.
name: Wiersema, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict linear polarization for a radioactively-powered kilonova following the merger of a black hole and a neutron star. Specifically, we perform 3-D Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations for two different models, both featuring a lanthanide-rich dynamical ejecta component from numerical-relativity simulations while only one including an additional lanthanide-free disk wind component. We calculate polarization spectra for nine different orientations at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 d after the merger and in the $0.1-2\,μ$m wavelength range. We find that both models are polarized at a detectable level 1.5 d after the merger while show negligible levels thereafter. The polarization spectra of the two models are significantly different. The model lacking a disk wind shows no polarization in the optical, while a signal increasing at longer wavelengths and reaching $\sim1\%-6\%$ at $2\,μ$m depending on the orientation. The model with a disk-wind component, instead, features a characteristic "double-peak" polarization spectrum with one peak in the optical and the other in the infrared. Polarimetric observations of future events will shed light on the debated neutron richness of the disk-wind component. The detection of optical polarization would unambiguously reveal the presence of a lanthanide-free disk-wind component, while polarization increasing from zero in the optical to a peak in the infrared would suggest a lanthanide-rich composition for the whole ejecta. Future polarimetric campaigns should prioritize observations in the first $\sim48$ hours and in the $0.5-2\,μ$m range, where polarization is strongest, but also explore shorter wavelengths/later times where no signal is expected from the kilonova and the interstellar polarization can be safely estimated.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Self-interference of a single Bose-Einstein condensate due to boundary effects
Creators: name: Robinett, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model wavefunction, consisting of a linear combination of two free-particle Gaussians, describes many of the observed features seen in the interactions of two isolated Bose-Einstein condensates as they expand, overlap, and interfere. We show that a simple extension of this idea can be used to predict the qualitative time-development of a single expanding BEC condensate produced near an infinite wall boundary, giving similar interference phenomena. We also briefly discuss other possible time-dependent behaviors of single BEC condensates in restricted geometries,such as wave packet revivals.
description: 8 pages, no figures, to appear in Physica Scripta
MPEC 2024-A82 : 2024 AS1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AS1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Study of the background observed with PreSPEC
Creators: name: Guastalla, G.
name: Gorska, M.
name: Gerl, J.
name: Kojuharov, I.
name: Pietralla, N.
name: Pietri, S.
name: Ralet, D.
name: Wollersheim, H. J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
The scale dependence of mass assembly in galaxies
Creators: name: Mateus, Abilio
name: Jimenez, Raul
name: Gaztanaga, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the results of the mark correlation analysis of galaxies in a sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and from two galaxy catalogs obtained by semi-analytical galaxy formation models implemented on the Millennium Simulation. We use the MOPED method to retrieve the star formation history of observed galaxies and use star formation parameters as weights to the mark correlations. We find an excellent match between models and observations when the mark correlations use stellar mass and luminosity as weights. The most remarkable result is related to the mark correlations associated to the evolution of mass assembly through star formation in galaxies, where we find that semi-analytical models are able to reproduce the main trends seen in the observational data. In addition, we find a good agreement between the redshift evolution of the mean total mass formed by star formation predicted by the models and that measured by MOPED. Our results show that close galaxy pairs today formed more stellar mass ~10 Gyr ago than the average, while more recently this trend is the opposite, with close pairs showing low levels of star formation activity. We also show a strong correlation in simulations between the shape and time evolution of the star formation marks and the number of major mergers experienced by galaxies, which drive the environmental dependence in galaxy formation by regulating the star formation process.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, final version accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Stability and pulsation of the first dark stars
Creators: name: Rindler-Daller, Tanja
name: Freese, Katherine
name: Townsend, Richard H. D.
name: Visinelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first bright objects to form in the Universe might not have been "ordinary" fusion-powered stars, but "Dark Stars" (DSs) powered by the annihilation of dark matter (DM) in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). If discovered, DSs can provide a unique laboratory to test DM models. DSs are born with a mass of order $M_\odot$ and may grow to a few million solar masses; in this work we investigate the properties of early DSs with masses up to $\sim \! 1000 \, M_\odot$, fueled by WIMPS weighing $100$ GeV. We improve the previous implementation of the DM energy source into the stellar evolution code MESA. We show that the growth of DSs is not limited by astrophysical effects: DSs up to $\sim \! 1000 \, M_\odot$ exhibit no dynamical instabilities; DSs are not subject to mass-loss driven by super-Eddington winds. We test the assumption of previous work that the injected energy per WIMP annihilation is constant throughout the star; relaxing this assumption does not change the properties of the DSs. Furthermore, we study DS pulsations, for the first time investigating non-adiabatic pulsation modes, using the linear pulsation code GYRE. We find that acoustic modes in DSs of masses smaller than $\sim \! 200 \, M_\odot$ are excited by the $κ-γ$ and $γ$ mechanism in layers where hydrogen or helium is (partially) ionized. Moreover, we show that the mass-loss rates potentially induced by pulsations are negligible compared to the accretion rates.
description: minor revisions; accepted by MNRAS; 15 pages, 6 Figures
Investigation of heavy ion-induced charged particle background for $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy experiments
Creators: name: Reese, M.
name: Boutachkov, P.
name: Cappellazzo, M.
name: Cortes, M. L.
name: Gerl, J.
name: Guastalla, G.
name: Lizarazo, C.
name: Pietralla, N.
name: Schaffner, H.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Auto-identification of unphysical source reconstructions in strong gravitational lens modelling
Creators: name: Maresca, Jacob
name: Dye, Simon
name: Li, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of next-generation surveys and the expectation of discovering huge numbers of strong gravitational lens systems, much effort is being invested into developing automated procedures for handling the data. The several orders of magnitude increase in the number of strong galaxy-galaxy lens systems is an insurmountable challenge for traditional modelling techniques. Whilst machine learning techniques have dramatically improved the efficiency of lens modelling, parametric modelling of the lens mass profile remains an important tool for dealing with complex lensing systems. In particular, source reconstruction methods are necessary to cope with the irregular structure of high-redshift sources. In this paper, we consider a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that analyses the outputs of semi-analytic methods which parametrically model the lens mass and linearly reconstruct the source surface brightness distribution. We show the unphysical source reconstructions that arise as a result of incorrectly initialised lens models can be effectively caught by our CNN. Furthermore, the CNN predictions can be used to automatically re-initialise the parametric lens model, avoiding unphysical source reconstructions. The CNN, trained on reconstructions of lensed Sérsic sources, accurately classifies source reconstructions of the same type with a precision $P > 0.99$ and recall $R > 0.99$. The same CNN, without re-training, achieves $P=0.89$ and $R=0.89$ when classifying source reconstructions of more complex lensed HUDF sources. Using the CNN predictions to re-initialise the lens modelling procedure, we achieve a 69 per cent decrease in the occurrence of unphysical source reconstructions. This combined CNN and parametric modelling approach can greatly improve the automation of lens modelling.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty as Bridge-to-Decision in High Risk Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis
Creators: name: Bordoni, Barbara <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: MED/11 Malattie dell'apparato cardiovascolare

description: Background. A sizable group of patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) can undergo neither surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) nor transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) because of clinical contraindications. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) as a “bridge-to-decision”  in selected patients with severe AS and potentially reversible contraindications to definitive treatment. 
Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 645 patients who underwent first BAV at our Institution between July 2007 and December 2012. Of these, the 202 patients (31.2%) who underwent BAV as bridge-to-decision (BTD) requiring clinical re-evaluation represented our study population. BTD patients were further subdivided in 5 groups: low left ventricular ejection fraction; mitral regurgitation grade ≥3; frailty; hemodynamic instability; comorbidity. The main objective of the study was to evaluate how BAV influenced the final treatment strategy in the whole BTD group and in its single specific subgroups.
Results. Mean logistic EuroSCORE was 23.5±15.3%, mean age was 81±7 years. Mean transaortic gradient decreased from 47±17 mmHg to 33±14 mmHg. Of the 193 patients with BTD-BAV who received a second heart team evaluation, 72.5% were finally deemed eligible for definitive treatment (25.4%for AVR; 47.2% for TAVI): respectively, 96.7% of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction recovery; 70.5% of patients with mitral regurgitation reduction; 75.7% of patients who underwent BAV in clinical hemodynamic instability; 69.2% of frail patients and 68% of patients who presented relevant comorbidities. 27.5% of the study population was deemed ineligible for definitive treatment and treated with standard therapy/repeated BAV. In-hospital mortality was 4.5%, cerebrovascular accident occurred in 1% and overall vascular complications were 4% (0.5% major; 3.5% minor).
Conclusions. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty should be considered as bridge-to-decision in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis who cannot be immediate candidates for definitive percutaneous or surgical treatment.
title: Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbances and Urbanization on the Behavior and Morphology of Two Free-Living Lizard Species (Uta stansburiana and Aspidoscelis neotesselatus)
Creators: name: Sermersheim, Layne O.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: Urbanization can alter wildlife, requiring species to adjust to anthropogenic changes via life history strategies. Reptiles are particularly vulnerable to these changes, as ectotherms directly rely on their environment to maintain their optimal homeostatic state. As urbanization changes the landscape, reptiles will have to adapt to anthropogenic change, but it is unclear what behaviors may be aiding in this adaptation and whether there are morphological tradeoffs existing to support this change. To analyze the impact of urbanization and anthropogenic disturbances on reptile behavior and morphology, I conducted three research studies on two different species – the common side-blotched lizard and the Colorado checkered whiptail (Aspidoscelis neotesselatus).
In my first chapter, I characterized differences in side-blotched lizard body condition, aggressive behaviors, and thermoregulatory behaviors between urban sites experiencing an urban heat island effect, and rural field sites in St. George, UT, USA. Although temperature differences were recorded, there were minimal behavioral differenced between sites, yet a strong trade-off between thermoregulatory and aggressive behaviors, regardless of site type.
In my second chapter, I analyzed the impacts of military aircraft noise at Fort Carson Military Base in Colorado Springs, CO, USA on the behavior, stress, and metabolism of the Colorado checkered whiptail. During the flyovers, corticosterone and ketone bodies were upregulated, while lizards spent a greater portion of their time eating, not moving, to help buffer the effect of the flyovers.
Because I detected considerable variation in behavior within sites studied in my first chapter, I investigated morphological and behavioral differences between side-blotched lizards within an urban site for my third chapter. At one of my urban sites, Interstate 15 bisects lizard habitat and introduces anthropogenic disturbances via noise pollution and an increased predator abundance. I observed poor body condition closer to the interstate but detected no difference in exploratory or anti-predator behavior by proximity to the interstate, though lizards fled faster and farther from a simulated aerial predator than the terrestrial model. A higher proportion of lizards fled from the terrestrial model, highlighting the potential for urban lizards to adjust their behavior based on predator type.
Brief outbursts in the dwarf nova V1316 Cygni
Creators: name: Shears, Jeremy
name: Boyd, David
name: Poyner, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several brief outbursts were detected in the dwarf nova V1316 Cyg during 2005. These events have an average amplitude of 1.4 magnitude and a duration of <1 to 2 days. Whilst no outburst period could be confirmed, the shortest period between detected events is 10 days. These curious brief outbursts appear to be the normal pattern of behaviour for this system. They are of smaller amplitude and shorter duration than normal outbursts previously reported in this star. V1316 Cyg appears to be a very unusual system and we suggest that further observations by both amateur and professional astronomers could yield important information about the underlying mechanism.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 4 pages, 5 figures
Large-Area, Low-Noise, High Speed, Photodiode-Based Fluorescence Detectors with Fast Overdrive Recovery
Creators: name: Bickman, S.
name: DeMille, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two large-area, low noise, high speed fluorescence detectors have been built. One detector consists of a photodiode with an area of 28 mm x 28 mm and a low noise transimpedance amplifier. This detector has a input light-equivalent spectral noise density of less than 3 pW/Hz^1/2, can recover from a large scattered light pulse within 10 us, and has a bandwidth of at least 900 kHz. The second detector consists of a 16 mm diameter avalanche photodiode and a low-noise transimpedance amplifier. This detector has an input light-equivalent spectral noise density of 0.08 pW/Hz^1/2, also can recover from a large scattered light pulse within 10 us, and has a bandwidth of 1 MHz.
description: Submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments
Methodological approaches to estimate human population exposure to chemical substances
Approcci metodologici per la stima dell'esposizione della popolazione umana a sostanze chimiche
Creators: name: Mancini, Francesca Romana <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: VET/05 Malattie infettive degli animali domestici

description: The public awareness that chemical substances are present ubiquitously in the environment, can be assumed through the diet and can exhibit various health effects, is very high in Europe and Italy. National and international institutions are called to provide figures on the magnitude, frequency, and duration of the population exposure to chemicals, including both natural or anthropogenic substances, voluntarily added to consumers’ good or accidentally entering the production chains.
This thesis focuses broadly on how human population exposure to chemicals can be estimated, with particular attention to the methodological approaches and specific focus on dietary exposure assessment and biomonitoring. From the results obtained in the different studies collected in this thesis, it has been pointed out that when selecting the approach to use for the estimate of the exposure to chemicals, several different aspects must be taken into account: the nature of the chemical substance, the population of interest, clarify if the objective is to assess chronic or acute exposure, and finally, take into account the quality and quantity of data available in order to specify and quantify the uncertainty of the estimate.
description: La consapevolezza che le sostanze chimiche sono presenti in modo ubiquitario nell'ambiente, che possono essere assunte attraverso la dieta e che sono in grado di causare svariati effetti negativi sulla salute è molto alta nelle popolazione Europea ed Italiana. Le istituzioni nazionali e internazionali, sono chiamati a fornire stime dell’entità, della frequenza e della durata dell'esposizione della popolazione alle sostanze chimiche, includendo sostanze chimiche sia naturali che di origine antropica, sia volontariamente aggiunte che accidentalmente presenti nella catena di produzione.
Questa tesi si concentra sostanzialmente su come può essere stimata l’esposizione della popolazione umana, con particolare attenzione agli approcci metodologici e con un focus specifico sulla valutazione dell'esposizione alimentare e biomonitoraggio.
Dai risultati ottenuti nei diversi studi raccolti in questa tesi, si evince che quando si seleziona il metodo da utilizzare per la stima di esposizione ad uno o più sostanze chimiche, diversi aspetti devono essere presi in considerazione: la natura della sostanza chimica, la popolazione inclusa nello studio, è necessario chiarire se l'obiettivo è quello di stimare l'esposizione cronica o acuta, infine, deve essere valutata la qualità e la quantità dei dati disponibili al fine di specificare e quantificare l’incertezza delle stime.
Efficient qubit measurement with a nonreciprocal microwave amplifier
Creators: name: Lecocq, F.
name: Ranzani, L.
name: Peterson, G. A.
name: Cicak, K.
name: Jin, X. Y.
name: Simmonds, R. W.
name: Teufel, J. D.
name: Aumentado, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The act of observing a quantum object fundamentally perturbs its state, resulting in a random walk toward an eigenstate of the measurement operator. Ideally, the measurement is responsible for all dephasing of the quantum state. In practice, imperfections in the measurement apparatus limit or corrupt the flow of information required for quantum feedback protocols, an effect quantified by the measurement efficiency. Here we demonstrate the efficient measurement of a superconducting qubit using a nonreciprocal parametric amplifier to directly monitor the microwave field of a readout cavity. By mitigating the losses between the cavity and the amplifier we achieve a measurement efficiency of $72\%$. The directionality of the amplifier protects the readout cavity and qubit from excess backaction caused by amplified vacuum fluctuations. In addition to providing tools for further improving the fidelity of strong projective measurement, this work creates a testbed for the experimental study of ideal weak measurements, and it opens the way towards quantum feedback protocols based on weak measurement such as state stabilization or error correction.
Searches for D0-D0bar Mixing: Finding the (Small) Crack in the Standard Model
Creators: name: Schwartz, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review results from searches for mixing and CP violation in the D0-D0bar system. No evidence for mixing or CP violation is found, and limits are set for the mixing parameters x, y, x', y', and several CP-violating parameters.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, contribution to DIF06 - International Workshop on Discoveries in Flavour Physics at e+e- Colliders, INFN, Frascati, March 2006
Formation control and coordination of autonomous agents
Creators: name: Shames, Iman
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: QA76.76.I58 S53 2010
subject: Intelligent agents (Computer software)
subject: Robots Control systems Mathematical models

description: The primary purpose of this thesis is to present new results in the field of localization, co-ordination and control of multi-agent systems. In the first part of the thesis, initially, the problem of localization in the presence of inter-agent noisy measurements is formalized and it is established that approximate localizability, i.e. the ability to calculate the approximate positions of the agents, is a generic property and as long as the magnitude of noise is smaller than an upper bound, one can solve the approximate localization problem. Moreover, it is shown that the accuracy of the approximate localization solution using distance measurements of a formation depends on the choice of the nodes with the known positions, anchors, in the formation. Additionally, a method to select these anchors in the network is introduced which minimizes some performance index associated with the error in the approximate solution for the positions of the agents in the formation. In the next chapter, some methods based on polynomial optimization are proposed that can be employed to solve two important problems of cooperative target localization and reference frame determination using different types of measurements. The first part of the thesis is concluded by addressing another localization problem that arose in an experiment conducted by Australia Defence Science and Technology Organization (DSTO). The problem of interest is to localize a formation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) capable of measuring the inter-agent distances or angles, and the angles subtended at each of them by two landmarks at known positions. We tackle this problem using tools from graph theory and linkage mechanism design. In the second part of this thesis, we shift our focus to motion control of autonomous agents. First, we address the problem of simultaneous localization and circumnavigation of an initially stationary target at an unknown position by a single agent aware of its own trajectory that is capable of measuring its distance to the target. We propose, a control law and an estimator that achieves this objective exponentially fast. Later, we extend our analysis to the case where the target is moving and calculate an upper bound for the estimation error in terms of the target speed. The last problem that we consider is the problem of forcing a set of agents initially at arbitrary positions subject to a constant speed constraint to rotate around a target at a known position forming a prescribed formation shape while guaranteeing that no collision occurs. We show that our proposed algorithm achieves this objective under some mild and realistic assumptions in finite time.
Carcinoma a cellule basali: l'esperienza della dermatologia dell'Universita' di Bologna dal 1990 al 2014
Basal cell carcinoma: the experience of the Dermatology Unit of the University of Bologna from 1990 to 2104
Creators: name: Gaspari, Valeria <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: MED/35 Malattie cutanee e veneree

description: Il carcinoma a cellule basali (BCC) costituisce l'80 peercento dei tumori cutanei non-melanoma, rappresentando dunque il tumore maligno della cute più frequente nella popolazione generale. Tuttavia, non esistono ad oggi studi epidemiologici ampi ed approfonditi condotti su scala nazionale su questo tipo di neoplasia, poichè i tumori cutanei non-melanoma sono esclusi dal registro statistico dei tumori.
A tale scopo presso la Dermatologia dell'Università di Bologna sono stati raccolti di tutti i casi di carcinoma basocellulare osservati dal 1 gennaio 1990 sino al 31 dicembre 2014, e sono stati rielaborati statisticamente.  Il criterio di inclusione adottato è stato la positività per BCC all’esame istologico, sia in caso di biopsia semplice, sia in caso di asportazione radicale. Il  progetto è stato svolto presso l’ambulatorio di chirurgia oncologica della nostra UO, così come il follow-up dei pazienti nei casi di recidività multiple o di comparsa di nuovi tumori cutanei. Ad oggi, tale neoplasia è risultata essere quella di più frequente osservazione nella Unità Operativa di Dermatologia dell’Università di Bologna. Non solo, la nostra casistica rimane quella più numerosa fino ad ora riportata in tutta Italia negli ultimi 24 anni.
description: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) accounts for 80 percent of non-melanoma skin cancer, thus representing the most common malignant tumor of the skin. Nonetheless in our country the absolute incidence of BCC is difficult to establish with precision, since non-melanoma skin cancers are excluded from the statistical records of the tumors.
The aim of the study we conducted was therefore to analyze retrospectively the cases of BCC of the Dermatology Unit of Bologna, in a period between 1990 and 2014. The inclusion criteria has been the positivity to BCC at histological examination, both in case of a simple biopsy, and in case of radical excision. Patients have been medical and/or surgical treated and followed up, in cases of multiple relapses or occurrance of new skin tumors, at the Oncologic-Dermatological-Surgery Unit of University of Bologna. We concluded that, by far, than any other skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma is the most frequently tumor observed in the Dermatology Unit of the University of Bologna. Not only that, our case study is also the largest so far reported throughout Italy in the last 24 years.