cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Simple Model for Quintessential Inflation
Creators: name: Rosenfeld, R.
name: Frieman, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a simple toy model for quintessential inflation where a complex scalar field described by a lagrangian with a Peccei-Quinn U(1) symmetry spontaneously broken at a high energy scale and explicitly broken by instanton effects at a much lower energy can account for both the early inflationary phase and the recent accelerated expansion of the Universe. The real part of the complex field plays the role of the inflaton whereas the imaginary part, the "axion", is the quintessence field.
description: 11 pages, no figures. New references and comments added. Version published in JCAP
CROP DIVERSITY AS THE DERIVED OUTCOME OF FARMERS' 'SURVIVAL FIRST' MOTIVES IN ETHIOPIA: WHAT ROLE FOR ON-FARM CONSERVATION OF SORGHUM GENETIC RESOURCES?
Creators: name: Wale, Edilegnaw
name: Virchow, Detlef
name: Wale, Edilegnaw
name: Virchow, Detlef
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: On-farm conservation
subject: sorghum genetic resources
subject: incentives
subject: Poisson regression
subject: Ethiopia

description: Crop genetic resources are the building blocks of sustainable agricultural development due to their relevance not only as inputs for variety development but also as indigenous crop insurance mechanisms through traditional variety portfolio management. Their continuous survival is, however, threatened by natural and human driven factors. This threat has induced the need for designing conservation measures. Among the in situ and ex situ conservation options available to conserve crop genetic resources, on-farm conservation has recently attracted enormous attention. To make this option operational, placing incentives (that link conservation with utilization) and removal of perverse incentives are believed to be crucial so that landraces of no immediate interest to farmers can be conserved. However, before designing sound incentives and/or removing perverse incentives, we have to understand farmers' motives for managing a portfolio of traditional varieties. To address our objective, we have adopted a utility based model that considers on-farm diversity as a positive externality of farmers' livelihood decisions. Accordingly, on-farm diversity is considered as the derived outcome of farmers' revealed preferences subject to their concerns and constraints. To empirically test the relationships, a Poisson regression model is estimated using rural household survey data collected from 198 sorghum growing farmers in East Ethiopia. The results have shown the most important diversity promoting factors and those factors detaching the link between farmers' 'survival first' motives and their spillover effects on sorghum diversity. Based on the results, the paper concludes outlining the policy implications of the findings.
A simple analytical model for dark matter halo structure and adiabatic contraction
Creators: name: Vasiliev, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple analytical model for describing inner parts of dark matter halo is considered. It is assumed that dark matter density is power-law. The model deals with dark matter distribution function in phase space of adiabatic invariants (radial action and angular momentum). Two variants are considered for the angular part of the distribution function: narrow and broad distribution. The model allows to describe explicitly the process of adiabatic contraction of halo due to change of gravitational potential caused by condensation of baryonic matter in the centre. The modification of dark matter density in the centre is calculated, and is it shown that the standard algorithm of adiabatic contraction calculation overestimates the compressed halo density, especially in the case of strong radial anisotropy.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. v3 - major improvements, another halo model introduced, discussion extended
Additional file 1 of Oral magnesium reduces levels of pathogenic autoantibodies and skin disease in murine lupus
Creators: name: Verlato, Alberto
name: Laragione, Teresina
name: Bin, Sofia
name: Kim, Randie H.
name: Salem, Fadi
name: Gulko, Percio S.
name: Cravedi, Paolo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS IN CHINA
Creators: name: Huang, Jikun
name: Hu, Ruifa
name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Van Tongeren, Frank W.
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Hu, Ruifa
name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Van Tongeren, Frank W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: economic impacts
subject: biotechnology
subject: genetically modified crops
subject: China

description: China has made a major investment in biotechnology research. Genetically modified (GM) cotton is widely adopted and the list of GM technologies in trials is impressive. At the same time there is an active debate on when China should commercialize its GM food crops. The overall goal of this paper is to provide an economy-wide assessment of these issues under various scenarios. Based on a unique data from empirical micro-level study and field trial in China and a modified GTAP model, our results indicate that the development of biotechnology has an important impact on China's production, trade and welfare. Welfare gains far outweigh the public biotechnology research expenditures. Most gains occur inside China. Policy makers should put less weight on the international dimension in making their decisions on biotechnology development.
The Monge-Ampère operator and geodesics in the space of Kähler potentials
Creators: name: Phong, D. H.
name: Sturm, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is shown that geodesics in the space of Kähler potentials can be uniformly approximated by geodesics in the spaces of Bergman metrics. Two important tools in the proof are the Tian-Yau-Zelditch approximation theorem for Kähler potentials and the pluripotential theory of Bedford-Taylor, suitably adapted to Kähler manifolds.
description: 25 pages, no figure, minor misprints corrected
Quantum Electrodynamics near a Dielectric Half-space
Creators: name: Eberlein, Claudia
name: Robaschik, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the photon propagator in the presence of a non-dispersive dielectric half-space and use it to calculate the self-energy of an electron near a dielectric surface.
Foams in contact with solid boundaries: equilibrium conditions and conformal invariance
Creators: name: Mancini, M.
name: Oguey, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A liquid foam in contact with a solid surface forms a two-dimensional foam on the surface. We derive the equilibrium equations for this 2D foam when the solid surface is curved and smooth, generalising the standard case of flat Hele Shaw cells. The equilibrium conditions at the vertices in 2D, at the edges in 3D, are invariant by conformal transformations. Regarding the films, conformal invariance only holds with restrictions, which we explicit for 3D and flat 2D foams. Considering foams confined in thin interstices between two non parallel plates, normal incidence and Laplace's law lead to an approximate equation relating the plate profile to the conformal map. Solutions are given for the logarithm and power laws in the case of constant pressure. The paper concludes on a comparison with available experimental data.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
INTERNATIONAL R&D SPILLOVERS AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. A PANEL COINTEGRATION APPROACH
Creators: name: Gutierrez, Michele Mario
name: Gutierrez, Luciano
name: Gutierrez, Michele Mario
name: Gutierrez, Luciano
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper analyses, within the new growth theory framework and using panel cointegration techniques, the effect of agricultural international technological spillovers on total factor productivity growth for a sample of 47 countries during the period 1970-1992. The analysis shows that total factor productivity is influenced by domestic as well as foreign public R&D spending in agricultural sector and geographical factors matters. Countries located in temperate zones benefit more than countries located in tropical zones from technological spillovers. Finally, the analysis shows that the rate of return to agricultural R&D spending is higher in tropical countries and this could justify new support and an even greater investment of funds for agricultural R&D for these countries.
Observation of single phonon-mediated quantum transport in a silicon single-electron CMOS transistor by RMS noise analysis
Creators: name: Bigoni, Stefano
name: Tagliaferri, Marco L. V.
name: Tamascelli, Dario
name: Strangio, Sebastiano
name: Bez, Roberto
name: Organtini, Paolo
name: Ferrari, Giorgio
name: Prati, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore phonon-mediated quantum transport through electronic noise characterization of a commercial CMOS transistor. The device behaves as a single electron transistor thanks to a single impurity atom in the channel. A low noise cryogenic CMOS transimpedance amplifier is exploited to perform low-frequency noise characterization down to the single electron, single donor and single phonon regime simultaneously, not otherwise visible through standard stability diagrams. Single electron tunneling as well as phonon-mediated features emerges in rms-noise measurements. Phonons are emitted at high frequency by generation-recombination phenomena by the impurity atom. The phonon decay is correlated to a Lorentzian $1/f^2$ noise at low frequency.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to APL
Supplementary Data to Pancreatic Steatosis Associates With Impaired Insulin Secretion in Genetically Predisposed Individuals
Creators: name: Wagner, Róbert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110107 Metabolic Medicine

description: This is the supplementary data to the above manuscript.
Tail emission from a ring-like jet: its application to shallow decays of early afterglows and to GRB 050709
Creators: name: Zou, Y. C.
name: Dai, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Similar to the pulsar, the magnetic axis and the spin axis of the gamma-ray burst source may not lie on the same line. This may cause a ring-like jet due to collimation of the precessing magnetic axis. We analyze the tail emission from such a jet, and find that it has a shallow decay phase with temporal index equal to -1/2 if the Lorentz factor of the ejecta is not very high. This phase is consistent with the shallow decay phase of some early X-ray afterglow detected by {\it{swift}}. The ring-like jet has a tail cusp with sharp rising and very sharp decay. This effect can provide an explanation for the re-brightening and sharp decay of the X-ray afterglow of GRB 050709.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Accepted by ChJAA
Additional file 1 of Simple simultaneous analysis of various cardiovascular drug mixtures with vincamine: comparative eco-friendly assessment
Creators: name: Mourad, Sara S.
name: Barary, Magda A.
name: El-Yazbi, Amira F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1.
THE EFFECTS OF SPOT WATER MARKETS ON THE ECONOMIC RISK DERIVED FROM VARIABLE WATER SUPPLY
Creators: name: Calatrava-Requena, Javier
name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Calatrava-Requena, Javier
name: Garrido, Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Water availability in semiarid regions commonly exhibits patterns of extreme variability. Even in basins with large infrastructure development, some users are subject to low levels of water reliability, incurring economic losses during periods of scarcity. More flexible instruments, such as voluntary exchanges of water among users, may help users reduce their risk exposure. Recent changes in the Spanish water Law have given an initial impulse to allow for lease-out contracts of water use rights. This paper analyses, from theoretical and empirical standpoints, the effect that establishing water markets has on the economic risk caused by water availability variations. The empirical study is performed on an irrigation district of the Guadalquivir Valley (Spain) with fair levels of average water availability but a high probability of periods of extreme scarcity. A non-linear programming model is used to simulate irrigators' behaviour and derive water demand functions. Another spatial equilibrium model is used to compute market exchange and equilibrium. These programming models are combined with statistical simulation techniques. It is shown that the probability distribution of profits for a representative irrigator is modified if water exchanges are authorised, resulting in unambiguous risk reductions. Results also suggests that if the market would be extended to several irrigation districts and users, each characterised by different hydrological risk exposure, the occurrence of extremely low benefits events would become more unlikely. In sum, it is shown that exchanging water in annual spot markets allows for the reduction of farmers' economic vulnerability caused by the variability of water supply across irrigation seasons.
THE PROBLEM OF TAXING FARMERS IN CHINA
Creators: name: Tao, Ran
name: Lin, Justin Yifu
name: Liu, Mingxing
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Tao, Ran
name: Lin, Justin Yifu
name: Liu, Mingxing
name: Zhang, Qi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This papers places the problem of Chinese rural taxation in the context of government regulation and tries to present an integrated theoretical framework of rural development in China in the past two decades. Our theoretical framework can reconcile the stylized facts that the average level of rural taxation relative to rural net income after the 1990s did not increase very fast, but rural taxation became a very serious problem in this period. We found that this is in large part due to the increase of rural income disparity after 1990s and the uneven tax and fee distribution among different income groups. We argue that differentiated enforcement of the government regulations such as grain procurement and birth control play an important role in the rural taxation problem, and more generally, the problem of expanding local government size and rising rural income disparity. The empirical findings do support our hypothesis.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/03.
Mid-infrared Studies of HD 113766 and HD 172555: Assessing Variability in the Terrestrial Zone of Young Exoplanetary Systems
Creators: name: Su, Kate Y. L.
name: Rieke, George H.
name: Melis, Carl
name: Jackson, Alan P.
name: Smith, Paul S.
name: Meng, Huan Y. A.
name: Gaspar, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-epoch infrared photometry and spectroscopy obtained with warm Spitzer, Subaru and SOFIA to assess variability for the young ($\sim$20 Myr) and dusty debris systems around HD 172555 and HD 113766A. No variations (within 0.5%) were found for the former at either 3.6 or 4.5 $μ$m, while significant non-periodic variations (peak-to-peak of $\sim$10-15% relative to the primary star) were detected for the latter. Relative to the Spitzer IRS spectra taken in 2004, multi-epoch mid-infrared spectra reveal no change in either the shape of the prominent 10 $μ$m solid-state features or the overall flux levels (no more than 20%) for both systems, corroborating that the population of sub-$μ$m-sized grains that produce the pronounced solid-state features is stable over a decadal timescale. We suggest that these sub-$μ$m-sized grains were initially generated in an optically thick clump of debris of mm-sized vapor condensates resulting from a recent violent impact between large asteroidal or planetary bodies. Because of the shielding from the stellar photons provided by this clump, intense collisions led to an over-production of fine grains that would otherwise be ejected from the system by radiation pressure. As the clump is sheared by its orbital motion and becomes optically thin, a population of very fine grains could remain in stable orbits until Poynting-Robertson drag slowly spirals them into the star. We further suggest that the 3-5 $μ$m disk variation around HD 113766A is consistent with a clump/arc of such fine grains on a modestly eccentric orbit in its terrestrial zone.
description: to be published in ApJ
Stellar populations in the CFHTLS. I. New constraints on the IMF at low mass
Creators: name: Schultheis, M.
name: Robin, A. C.
name: Reylé, C.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Bertin, E.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stellar populations analysis of the first release of the CFHTLS (Canada-France-Hawai Telescope Legacy Survey) data. A detailed comparison between the Besançon model of the Galaxy and the first data release of the CFHTLS-Deep survey is performed by implementing the MEGACAM photometric system in this model using stellar atmosphere model libraries. The reliability of the theoretical libraries to reproduce the observed colours in the MEGACAM system is investigated. The locations of various stellar species like subdwarfs, white dwarfs, late-type and brown dwarfs, binary systems are identified. The contamination of the stellar sample by quasars and compact galaxies is quantified using spectroscopic data from the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) as a function of $i'$ magnitude and $r'-i'$ colour. A comparison between simulated counts using the standard IMF at low masses show that the number of very low mass dwarfs may have been underestimated in previous studies. These observations favour a power law IMF following $d(n)/dm \propto m^{-α}$ with $α=2.5$ for $m < $ 0.25 \Msun or $α=3.0$ for $m < $ 0.2 \Msun for single stars. The resulting LF is in agreement with the local LF as measured from the 5 or 25 pc samples. It is in strong disagreement with the Zheng et al (2001) LF measured from deep HST data. We show that this discrepancy can be understood as an indication of a different IMF at low masses at early epochs of the Galaxy compared to the local thin disc IMF.
description: 15 pages The original paper with the figures at high resolution can be found under the anonymous ftp (ftp.iap.fr: pub/from_users/schulthe/cfhtls.pdf)
Effect of flotation frothers on bubble size and foam stability
Creators: name: Cho, Yoon-Seong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The experiments described herein indicate that the frothers control the size of bubbles in flotation systems by controlling bubble coalescence. The ability of frothers to prevent bubble coalescence is well characterized by the Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC). At frother concentrations C lower than CCC, the bubble size is determined by coalescence. At frother concentrations that exceed CCC, bubble size is no longer determined by coalescence but depends on the sparger geometry and hydrodynamic conditions. The efficiency of different spargers can thus be compared only when the experiments are carried out at frother concentrations exceeding CCC. Flotation experiments carried out using small-scale flotation devices (e.g. Hallimond tube, etc.) equipped with either a single capillary or a porous frit may be very difficult to compare. They may give different flotation kinetics because of bubble coalescence in the latter case at C < CCC hence resulting in much larger bubble sizes. The tests revealed that foam stability measured under dynamic conditions is determined by bubble coalescence.
DOI e ORCID: que bichos são esses?
Creators: name: Soares, Suely De Brito Clemente
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 100509 Video Communications
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 130399 Specialist Studies in Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: DOI e ORCID: que bichos são esses?Live #4 do Curso "Currículo Lattes - Que bicho é esse?" - live com Suelybcs, a convite da UERGS (Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil) - 20agosto2020 vídeo da live disponível em: https://youtu.be/qVZmV-42jqE
Semi-steady-state Jaya Algorithm
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Uday K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Jaya algorithm is arguably one of the fastest-emerging metaheuristics amongst the newest members of the evolutionary computation family. The present paper proposes a new, improved Jaya algorithm by modifying the update strategies of the best and the worst members in the population. Simulation results on a twelve-function benchmark test-suite as well as a real-world problem of practical importance show that the proposed strategy produces results that are better and faster in the majority of cases. Statistical tests of significance are used to validate the performance improvement.
Additional file 1 of Stirring the hydrogen and butanol production from Enset fiber via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process
Creators: name: Seid, Nebyat
name: Wießner, Lea
name: Aliyu, Habibu
name: Neumann, Anke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Output from ANOVA analysis in OriginPro 2021; Effect of agitation speed on butanol production in the SSF process from Enset fiber. Table S2. Effect of temperature on hydrogen and biobutanol production in the SSF process from Enset fiber in bottles. Table S3. Effect of initial pH on hydrogen and biobutanol production in the SSF process from Enset fiber in bottles. Table S4. Output from ANOVA analysis in OriginPro 2021; Effect of gas release strategy on hydrogen production in the SSF process from Enset fiber. Table S5. Effect of hydrogen partial pressure on hydrogen and biobutanol production in the SSF process from Enset fiber in bottles. Table S6. Carbon and electron balance calculation for the SSF process from Enset fiber at atmospheric pressure, initial pH of 8.0 (uncontrolled) and 37 °C. Table S7. Carbon and electron balance calculation and conversion factor for the SSF process from Enset fiber at 0.55 bar overpressure, initial pH of 6.9 (uncontrolled) and 30 °C.
Tidal streams in a MOND potential: constraints from Sagittarius
Creators: name: Read, J. I.
name: Moore, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare orbits in a thin axisymmetric disc potential in MOND to those in a thin disc plus near-spherical dark matter halo predicted by a $Λ$CDM cosmology. Remarkably, the amount of orbital precession in MOND is nearly identical to that which occurs in a mildly oblate CDM Galactic halo (potential flattening q=0.9), consistent with recent constraints from the Sagittarius stream. Since very flattened mass distributions in MOND produce rounder potentials than in standard Newtonian mechanics, we show that it will be very difficult to use the tidal debris from streams to distinguish between a MOND galaxy and a standard CDM galaxy with a mildly oblate halo. If a galaxy can be found with either a prolate halo, or one which is more oblate than $q \sim 0.9$ this would rule out MOND as a viable theory. Improved data from the leading arm of the Sagittarius dwarf - which samples the Galactic potential at large radii - could rule out MOND if the orbital pole precession can be determined to an accuracy of the order of $\pm 1^o$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Final version accepted for publication in MNRAS. The modelling of the Sagittarius stream has been improved, but otherwise the conclusions remain the same
ASSESSING ECONOMIC RETURNS FROM FARMERS' RIGHTS
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Chittur S.
name: Srinivasan, Chittur S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Many developing countries are attempting to address the inequities of plant breeders' rights by incorporating farmers' rights provisions in their Plant Variety Protection legislations to reward the role of farmers' as conservers and enhancers of agro-biodiversity. Developing countries expect to generate substantial revenues for biodiversity conservation or for community reward schemes through the application of farmers' rights provisions. This paper applies a patent-renewal model to assess the economic returns appropriated by plant breeders from new (protected) varieties in developed countries. The estimates confirm a widely held view in the literature that plant variety protection is a relatively weak form of IPR protection which allows plant breeders to appropriate only limited returns from their innovations. Consequently, the application of farmers' rights provisions in a manner akin to breeders' rights is unlikely to be a source of significant revenue to developing countries.
INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION TO INCREASE FARMERS' REVENUE: A CASE STUDY OF SMALL SCALE FARMING IN SHEEP: TRANSKEI REGION, SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: D'Haese, Marijke F.C.
name: Verbeke, Wim
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: D'Haese, Luc
name: D'Haese, Marijke F.C.
name: Verbeke, Wim
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: D'Haese, Luc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Rural development
subject: institutional innovation
subject: South Africa
subject: Heckman procedure
subject: transaction costs.

description: Commercial producers, brokers, exporters and spinners dominate the wool supply chain in South Africa. Until recently smallholder farmers in the Transkei region had limited access to a profitable market outlet for their wool. In response, the South African wool industry has taken the initiative to help local farmers by building shearing sheds, under which the local association can bulk the wool and trade directly with the brokers. More direct access to the wool brokers is a prerequisite for the farmer to develop a viable business. This article investigates on the effect of membership in the local shearing shed association on the farmers' revenue. A two-step regression model of the gross margin is used to analyse whether farmers selling through the local association have better financial records as compared to those who sell their wool to local traders. This article exemplifies how institutional innovation through local marketing associations can contribute to economic development in poor rural areas.
FARM HOUSEHOLD DECISIONS UNDER VARIOUS TAX POLICIES: COMPARATIVE STATIC RESULTS AND EVIDENCE FROM HOUSEHOLD DATA
Creators: name: Henningsen, Arne
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Henning, Christian H.C.A.
name: Henningsen, Arne
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Henning, Christian H.C.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Consumer/Household Economics

description: The study is devoted to the comparative static analysis and econometric estimation of farm household decisions under both standard and agricultural taxes. Accounting for labor market constraints a non-separable model is constructed implying increasing per-unit costs of accessing labor markets. To control for tax-induced adjustments related to labor market imperfections we compare the results to those derived from a separable approach, assuming perfect labor markets. Theoretical results suggest that most tax-induced responses are ambivalent mainly caused by shadow prices effects. Further, tax-induced effects differ between the two model versions. In particular standard taxes may imply production adjustments in the case of non-separability. Thus, income and value-added taxes are no more necessarily superior to agricultural taxes. Econometric analysis using individual household data from Mid-West Poland indicates remarkable responses to market surplus and input taxes. In contrast, standard and land taxes imply only negligible production adjustments. Thus, they seem to be superior, at least in the Polish case.
Mitigating the optical depth degeneracy using the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with CMB-S4
Creators: name: Alvarez, Marcelo A.
name: Ferraro, Simone
name: Hill, J. Colin
name: Hložek, Renée
name: Ikape, Margaret
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The epoch of reionization is one of the major phase transitions in the history of the universe, and is a focus of ongoing and upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments with improved sensitivity to small-scale fluctuations. Reionization also represents a significant contaminant to CMB-derived cosmological parameter constraints, due to the degeneracy between the Thomson-scattering optical depth, $τ$, and the amplitude of scalar perturbations, $A_s$. This degeneracy subsequently hinders the ability of large-scale structure data to constrain the sum of the neutrino masses, a major target for cosmology in the 2020s. In this work, we explore the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect as a probe of reionization, and show that it can be used to mitigate the optical depth degeneracy with high-sensitivity, high-resolution data from the upcoming CMB-S4 experiment. We discuss the dependence of the kSZ power spectrum on physical reionization model parameters, as well as on empirical reionization parameters, namely $τ$ and the duration of reionization, $Δz$. We show that by combining the kSZ two-point function and the reconstructed kSZ four-point function, degeneracies between $τ$ and $Δz$ can be strongly broken, yielding tight constraints on both parameters. We forecast $σ(τ) = 0.003$ and $σ(Δz) = 0.25$ for a combination of CMB-S4 and Planck data, including detailed treatment of foregrounds and atmospheric noise. The constraint on $τ$ is nearly identical to the cosmic-variance limit that can be achieved from large-angle CMB polarization data. The kSZ effect thus promises to yield not only detailed information about the reionization epoch, but also to enable high-precision cosmological constraints on the neutrino mass.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, comments welcome
Application of stochastic resonance in gravitational-wave interferometer
Creators: name: Karapetyan, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate novel approach, which improves the sensitivity of gravitational wave (GW) interferometer due to stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon, performing in additional nonlinear cavity (NC). The NC is installed in the output of interferometer before photodetector, so that optical signal emerging interferometer incidents on the NC and passes through it. Under appropriate circumstances a specific transformation of noisy signal inside the NC takes place, which results in the increase of output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As a result optical noisy signal of interferometer becomes less noisy after passing through the NC. The improvement of SNR is especially effective in bistable NC for wideband (several hundreds Hz) detection, when chirp GW signal is detected. Then SNR gain reaches amount ~ 10. When detection bandwidth is narrowed, the influence of SR mechanism gradually disappears, and SNR gain tends to 1. SNR gain also tends to 1 when the NC is gradually transformed to linear cavity. Proposed enhancement of SNR due to the SR is not dependent of noise type, which is prevalent in interferometer. Particularly proposed approach is capable to increase signal-to-displacement noise ratio.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Crossing a large-$N$ phase transition at finite volume
Creators: name: Bea, Yago
name: Dias, Oscar J. C.
name: Giannakopoulos, Thanasis
name: Mateos, David
name: Sanchez-Garitaonandia, Mikel
name: Santos, Jorge E.
name: Zilhao, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of phase-separated states is an essential feature of infinite-volume systems with a thermal, first-order phase transition. At energies between those at which the phase transition takes place, equilibrium homogeneous states are either metastable or suffer from a spinodal instability. In this range the stable states are inhomogeneous, phase-separated states. We use holography to investigate how this picture is modified at finite volume in a strongly coupled, four-dimensional gauge theory. We work in the planar limit, $N \to \infty$, which ensures that we remain in the thermodynamic limit. We uncover a rich set of inhomogeneous states dual to lumpy black branes on the gravity side, as well as first- and second-order phase transitions between them. We establish their local (in)stability properties and show that fully non-linear time evolution in the bulk takes unstable states to stable ones.
description: 69 pages, 31 figures
THE POTENTIAL OF VOICE COMMERCE: ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS IN ORDERING VIA VOICE ASSISTANT
Creators: name: Hellriegel, Oliver T.
name: Coskun, Anil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150502 Marketing Communications
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)

description: This study proposes and tests a framework to explain differences between customer e-satisfaction, attitude and behavioral intention in voice commerce and traditional e-commerce and examines the antecedents and results of customer satisfaction and loyalty in voice commerce context.
Elemental Abundance Ratios in Stars of the Outer Galactic Disk. I. Open Clusters
Creators: name: Yong, David
name: Carney, Bruce W.
name: de Almeida, Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize radial velocity studies of selected stars in the old, distant clusters Berkeley 20, Berkeley 21, NGC 2141, Berkeley 29, and Berkeley 31. Three members of M67 were observed similarly, and those velocities compare extremely well with prior measures. We measured the chemical compositions of all six clusters for [Fe/H] as well as abundances of alpha elements, iron-peak elements, and those synthesized in either the s-process or the r-process. For the outer disk, the abundance gradient for [Fe/H] deviates from the trend defined near the solar neighborhood. Rather than declining with increasing Galactocentric distance, [Fe/H] appears to reach a "basement" at [Fe/H]=-0.5 beyond R_GC = 10 to 12kpc. We find enhanced [O/Fe], [alpha/Fe], and [Eu/Fe] in the outer disk revealing a rapid star formation history. An intriguing, but tentative, conclusion is that the outer disk open cluster abundance ratios are consistent with the outer disk being formed via a merger event. The basement in [Fe/H] and enhanced [alpha/Fe] suggest that the outer disk formed from a reservoir of gas with a star formation history distinct from the solar neighborhood. The open clusters may have formed as a result of star formation triggered by a merger event in the outer disk. The ages of the outer disk open clusters would then be a measure of when the merger occurred. [Abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in AJ
Additional file 1 of Mutational analysis differentiating sporadic carcinomas from colitis-associated colorectal carcinomas
Creators: name: Dregelies, Theresa
name: Haumaier, Franziska
name: Sterlacci, William
name: Backert, Steffen
name: Vieth, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Inferior Bounds for Phase Synchronization
Creators: name: Baptista, M. S.
name: Pereira, T.
name: Kurths, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach is presented for coupled chaotic systems, estimating an inferior bound value for the absolute phase difference, in order to say that phase synchronization is present. This approach shows that synchronicity in phase implies synchronicity in the time of events. This is used to derive an equation to detect phase synchronization, based on the absolute difference between the time of these events. A phase based on the vector field is also introduced. It can be used to calculate the frequency of attractors with non-coherent phase dynamics.
The Tully-Fisher Relation in Cluster Cl0024+1654 at z=0.4
Creators: name: Metevier, Anne J.
name: Koo, David C.
name: Simard, Luc
name: Phillips, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using moderate-resolution Keck spectra, we have examined the velocity profiles of 15 members of cluster Cl0024+1654 at z=0.4. WFPC2 images of the cluster members have been used to determine structural parameters, including disk sizes, orientations, and inclinations. We compare two methods of optical rotation curve analysis for kinematic measurements. Both methods take seeing, slit size and orientation, and instrumental effects into account and yield similar rotation velocity measurements. Four of the galaxies in our sample exhibit unusual kinematic signatures, such as non-circular motions. Our key result is that the Cl0024 galaxies are marginally underluminous (0.50 +/- 0.23 mag), given their rotation velocities, as compared to the local Tully-Fisher relation. In this analysis, we assume no slope evolution, and take into account systematic differences between local and distant velocity and luminosity measurements. Our result is particularly striking considering the Cl0024 members have very strong emission lines, and local galaxies with similar Halpha equivalent widths tend to be overluminous on the Tully-Fisher relation. Cl0024 Tully-Fisher residuals appear to be correlated most strongly with galaxy rotation velocities, indicating a possible change in the slope of the Tully-Fisher relation. However, we caution that this result may be strongly affected by magnitude selection and by the original slope assumed for the analysis. Cl0024 residuals also depend weakly on color, emission line strength and extent, and photometric asymmetry. In a comparison of stellar and gas motions in two Cl0024 members, we find no evidence for counter-rotating stars and gas, an expected signature of mergers.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; version with full-resolution figures can be downloaded from http://www.ucolick.org/~anne/recent_pubs.html
The Development of a Quality Scale to Measure the Impact of Quality on Supermarket Fruit Demand
Creators: name: Durham, Catherine A.
name: McFetridge, Marc V.
name: Johnson, Aaron J.
name: Durham, Catherine A.
name: McFetridge, Marc V.
name: Johnson, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This research examines how fluctuations in quality affect consumer expenditures for fresh fruit at the retail level. This paper examines how consumers' purchasing behaviors react to changes in fresh fruit quality by quantifying quality characteristics based on weekly observations. A four-point scale was created and used to quantify four different quality characteristics: bruising, markings, brilliance, and maturity. A non-linear Almost Ideal Demand System was used to model the share equations for Gala apples, Fuji apples, Red Delicious apples, other sweet apples, tart apples, pears, bananas, and oranges. Seventy-nine weeks of data on weekly store sales were collected from two grocery stores in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Results from the quality measures are provided and discussed. Suggestions are made for modifications to the quality measures to improve the modeling results of future fruit-demand studies.
Reconfigurable directional couplers and junctions optically induced by nondiffracting Bessel beams
Creators: name: Xu, Zhiyong
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Vysloukh, Victor A.
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward the concept of reconfigurable structures optically induced by mutually incoherent nondiffracting Bessel beams in Kerr-type nonlinear media. We address collinear couplers and X-junctions, and show how the switching properties of such structures can be tuned by varying the intensity of the Bessel beams.
description: 13 pages,4 figures. To appear in Optics Letters
David R Curtis - Bibliography from DAVID RODERICK CURTIS. 3 June 1927 — 11 December 2017
Creators: name: S. J. Redman
name: R. Porter
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: David Curtis was a pioneer in the identification of excitatory and inhibitory transmitters released at synapses in the central nervous system. He made major contributions to the identification of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glycine as inhibitory transmitters released at inhibitory synapses. His work laid the foundation for the subsequent acceptance that l-glutamate was the major excitatory transmitter. David's scientific work led to him receiving many accolades and honours, including fellowships of the Australian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society and a Companion of the Order of Australia.Note: This memoir was commissioned by the Historical Records of Australian Science and is published here with minor amendments. It was published in June 2020 and is available at https://doi.org/10.1071/HR19016.
Optical Gain from InAs Nanocrystal Quantum Dots in a Polymer Matrix
Creators: name: Chen, Gang
name: Rapaport, Ronen
name: Fuchs, Dan
name: Vilan, Sahar
name: Aharoni, Assaf
name: Banin, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first observation of optical gain from InAs nanocrystal quantum dots emitting at 1.55 microns based on a three-beam, time resolved pump-probe technique. The nanocrystals were embedded into a transparent polymer matrix platform suitable for the fabrication of integrated photonic devices.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. This second version is excactly the same as the first. It is resubmitted to correct some format errors appeared in the pdf file of the first version
An investigation into the use of agglomerated tailings in backfill : a potential tailings disposal option and case study for Eskay Creek Mine, British Columbia
Creators: name: Chovan, Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper details an investigation into the feasibility of using agglomerated tailings in a 'dry' aggregate fill for underground mining. A test program began with the agglomeration of tailings materials from Eskay Creek Mine, British Columbia, using Portland cement as a binding agent. Thereafter, a series of backfill tests were conducted in which agglomerates, river aggregate, and tailing materials were combined in various proportions to develop a high quality fill. The results of the investigation showed that it is technically feasible to utilize agglomerated tailings in an aggregate backfill used for structural support in underground mining operations. Three related factors reveal their importance: grain size distribution, the degree of compaction and the void content of the mixture. These variables, among others, significantly affect the strength and quality of the fill - for example - the lower the void ratio, the greater the strength of the fill. The strengths of the individual constituents and the water to cement ratio also play major roles in determining the fill strength, but only in those cases where the materials are compacted to minimize voids. The effects are an increase in strength with the increasing strength of the constituents and with decreasing water/cement ratio. Where the void content of the aggregate mix is high, the effect of changing the water to cement ratio is minimal. Although the process of agglomeration is technically feasible, it seems that the associated costs are in opposition to its implementation. An economic analysis of the agglomeration process has revealed that other methods of disposal such as using a tailings pipeline are significantly more attractive from a financial viewpoint mainly because such an option allows the removal of the tailings filter from the process (now in use at the mine). However, the presence of mercury, antimony and arsenic in the tailings raises health and environmental concerns; the need to insure that ARD generation and the release of heavy metals after mine closure is unresolved. In mining situations where ARD generation is an issue, the agglomeration concept may be technically feasible, although the agglomerates may require sealing with a reagent such as sodium silicate, however testwork is required to verify the efficacy of this concept. Where ARD generation is not suspected and where surface or submarine disposal are not viable, the use of agglomeration is a technically feasible alternative.
Nanoscale Conductivity Imaging of Correlated Electronic States in WSe2/WS2 Moiré Superlattices
Creators: name: Chu, Zhaodong
name: Regan, Emma C
name: Ma, Xuejian
name: Wang, Danqing
name: Xu, Zifan
name: Utama, M. Iqbal Bakti
name: Yumigeta, Kentaro
name: Blei, Mark
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Tongay, Sefaattin
name: Wang, Feng
name: Lai, Keji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the nanoscale conductivity imaging of correlated electronic states in angle-aligned WSe2/WS2 heterostructures using microwave impedance microscopy. The noncontact microwave probe allows us to observe the Mott insulating state with one hole per moiré unit cell that persists for temperatures up to 150 K, consistent with other characterization techniques. In addition, we identify for the first time a Mott insulating state at one electron per moiré unit cell. Appreciable inhomogeneity of the correlated states is directly visualized in the hetero-bilayer region, indicative of local disorders in the moiré superlattice potential or electrostatic doping. Our work provides important insights on 2D moiré systems down to the microscopic level.
description: 12 Pages, 4 figures