Dinotrema (Synaldis) chilense Oliveira & Penteado-Dias, 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle
name: Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dinotrema
Dinotrema chilense

description: Dinotrema (Synaldis) chilense sp. nov.
Figs 23–33
Type material.
Holotype: Chile • ♀ (MNNC); Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca; 40 ° 44 ’ S, 72 ° 19 ’ W; alt. 440 m; 14 Jan. – 3 Feb. 2017; D. Amorim and V. Silva leg.; sweeping. Paratypes: Chile • 3 ♀♀ (MNNC); same data as for holotype • 3 ♀♀ (MNNC) and 1 ♂ (MNNC); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 44 ' 06 " S, 72 ° 19 ' 47 " W; alt. 528 m; flight intercept trap • 1 ♀ (DCBU 387163) and 1 ♂ (DCBU 386948); same data as for holotype • 4 ♀♀ (DCBU 385728, DCBU 386175, DCBU 386465, DCBU 386544); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 44 ' 06 " S, 72 ° 19 ' 47 " W; alt. 528 m; flight intercept trap • 1 ♀ (DCBU 386168); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 44 ' 06 " S, 72 ° 19 ' 47 " W; alt. 528 m; Malaise trap.
Diagnosis.
This species differs from other New World species of Synaldis by the combination of the following characteristics: in lateral view, eye as wide as or slightly wider than temple (Fig. 31); mandible with three relatively large teeth, diagonal carina present, mandibular apex wider than base (Fig. 28); F 1 2.8–3.2 × as long as wide (Fig. 25); mesoscutal pit present, conspicuous; propodeum with areola, median longitudinal carina incomplete apically, transverse carinae complete (Fig. 27); fore wing vein cu-a distinctly postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 as long as or longer than cu-a (Fig. 29); hind tibia 9.0–9.4 × as long as wide (Fig. 32).
Dinotrema (S.) chilense sp. nov. is similar to D. (S.) brunneum sp. nov. (see their differences in the identification key) and D. (S.) verae sp. nov., differing from the latter by paraclypeal fovea short size (middle in D. (S.) verae sp. nov., Figs 24, 97), fore wing vein (r + 3 - SR) 5.6–6.4 × as long as r-m (5.1 × in D. (S.) verae sp. nov.), 1 - CU 1 1.0–1.4 × as long as cu-a (0.55–0.70 × in D. (S.) verae sp. nov., Figs 29, 101), hind wing vein 1 - M of ♀ 1.7 × as long as 1 r-m (1.2 × in D. (S.) verae sp. nov.), T 1 strigose to rugose (rugose – foveolate in D. (S.) verae sp. nov., Figs 27, 104).
Dinotrema (S.) chilense sp. nov. is also somewhat similar to D. (S.) flavum sp. nov., from which it can be distinguished by face and clypeus brown to dark brown (yellow in D. (S.) flavum sp. nov.), AF 2.0–2.3 × as long as wide (2.7 × in D. (S.) flavum sp. nov.), metasoma 0.8 × as wide as mesosoma (1.3 × in D. (S.) flavum sp. nov.), hind wing 5.6–5.8 × as long as wide and vein 1 - M 1.4–1.7 × as long as 1 r-m (6.2 × and 2.0 × respectively in D. (S.) flavum sp. nov.), hind femur 4.5–4.9 × as long as wide (4.2 × in D. (S.) flavum sp. nov.), hind tibia 9.0–9.4 × as long as wide (10.1–10.4 × in D. (S.) flavum sp. nov., Figs 32, 54).
Description.
♀. Length. Body: 1.9–2.6 mm. Fore wing: 2.05–2.65 mm. Hind wing: 1.5–2.0 mm.
Head: in dorsal view, 1.7–2.0 × as wide as long, 1.3–1.5 × as wide as mesosoma, as wide at eyes as at temples or slightly wider at temples. Frons smooth or with weak mid groove. POL 1.2–1.4 × as OD, OOL 2.6–3.0 × as OD. In lateral view (Fig. 31), eye 1.2–1.5 × as high as wide, 1.0–1.2 × as wide as temple. Face 1.4–1.7 × as wide as high (Fig. 24), 1.8–2.0 × as wide as clypeus, smooth or with a weak longitudinal ridge dorsally. Clypeus 1.8–2.1 × as wide as high, slightly concave ventrally. Malar space 0.5–0.6 × as clypeus height. Paraclypeal fovea short size. Mandible 1.2–1.4 × as long as wide (Fig. 28), diagonal carina present. Mandibular apex 1.2–1.4 × wide as base. Upper tooth almost rounded. Middle tooth acute, longer than other teeth. Lower tooth rounded, as long as or slightly longer than upper tooth. Upper tooth ca as wide as lower, wider than middle tooth. Antenna with 17–21 segments, 0.9–1.0 × as long as body. Scape 1.80–2.05 × as long as pedicel. F 1 2.8–3.2 × as long as wide (Fig. 25), 1.0–1.2 × as long as F 2. F 2 2.2–2.4 × as long as wide. F 3 1.9–2.2 × as long as wide. AF 2.0–2.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 26). Maxillary palp 1.1–1.2 × as long as head height.
Mesosoma: 1.2–1.4 × as long as high (Fig. 31), 2.05–2.30 × as long as wide. Mesoscutum ca as long as wide, notauli absent on horizontal surface of mesoscutum. Mesoscutal pit present, oval – elongate, occupying 0.1–0.3 × of mesoscutal length. Prescutellar depression 2.0–2.2 × as long as wide, with median carina complete or incomplete anteriorly (very weak), lateral carinae absent to almost complete. Side of pronotum crenulate, sometimes weakly. Precoxal sulcus crenulate medially, not reaching margins of mesopleuron, or almost reaching its anterior margin. Posterior mesopleural furrow smooth. Propodeum mainly smooth to rugulose (except inside areola with some rugae) (Fig. 27), with areola 1.0–1.1 × as high as wide; median longitudinal carina incomplete apically, not extending inside areola or reaching at most its middle; transverse carinae complete. Propodeum with protuberance in lateral view. Propodeal spiracle small to middle (Fig. 31), 0.3–0.4 × distance from spiracle to base of propodeum.
Wings: fore wing 2.6–2.9 × as long as wide, vein 1 - SR present, (r + 3 - SR) 5.6–6.4 × as long as r-m, SR 1 2.0–2.2 × as long as (r + 3 - SR); cu-a distinctly postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 1.2–1.4 × as long as cu-a. Marginal cell 4.4–4.6 × as long as wide, submarginal cell 2.2–2.5 × as long as wide, first subdiscal cell 3.0–3.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 29). Hind wing 5.6–5.8 × as long as wide, vein 1 - M 0.5–0.6 × as long as M + CU, 1.7 × as long as 1 r-m; m-cu absent (Fig. 30).
Legs: hind femur 4.5–4.7 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 9.0–9.4 × as long as wide, 1.0–1.2 × as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.9–2.2 × as long as second segment (Fig. 32).
Metasoma: 1.4–1.8 × as long, and 0.8 × as wide as mesosoma (Fig. 23). T 1 strigose to rugose (Fig. 27), 1.9–2.2 × as long as wide, apex 1.2–1.5 × as wide as base. Ovipositor 0.35–0.50 × as long as metasoma, 1.20–1.75 × as long as T 1, 0.7–1.2 × as long as hind femur. Ovipositor sheath with some delicate setae (except on 1 / 4 apical almost glabrous), 0.35–0.50 × as long as metasoma, 1.20–1.55 × as long as T 1 (Figs 23, 33).
Color: head brown to dark brown. Mesosoma light brown to yellow. Mandibles and legs yellowish. Antennae and metasoma brown to yellow. Wings hyaline to slightly darkened, veins light brown to brown.
Variation.
The female of this species has two morphological groups, characterized by:
I) fore wing vein (r + 3 - SR) 5.5–5.9 × as long as r-m, OOL 2.6–2.8 × as OD, body length 2.2–2.6 mm,
II) fore wing vein (r + 3 - SR) 6.3–6.4 × as long as r-m, OOL 2.9–3.0 × as OD, body length 1.9–2.2 mm.
Male. Body length 1.4–2.1 mm, fore wing length 1.5–1.7 mm, hind wing length 1.1–1.7 mm. OOL 2.6–3.4 × as OD. Antenna with 18–23 segments, 1.2–1.3 × as long as body. F 3 2.5 × as long as wide. Fore wing vein SR 1 2.4 × as long as (r + 3 - SR), marginal cell 4.2 × as long as wide. Hind wing vein 1 - M 1.4–1.7 × as long as 1 r-m. Metasoma as wide as mesosoma.
Etymology.
The name of species chilense is a gentilic adjective derived from Latin in reference to Chile, the country where this species was found.
Distribution.
Chile.
description: Published as part of Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2024, First record of subgenus Synaldis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae, Dinotrema Foerster) from Chile, with description of ten new species, pp. 275-314 in ZooKeys 1206 on pages 275-314, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1206.124515