cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Development of a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo dose calculation module for nuclear medicine, ARCHER-NM: Demonstration for a PET/CT imaging procedure
Creators: name: Peng, Zhao
name: Lu, Yu
name: Xu, Yao
name: Li, Yongzhe
name: Cheng, Bo
name: Ni, Ming
name: Chen, Zhi
name: Pei, Xi
name: Xie, Qiang
name: Wang, Shicun
name: Xu, X. George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the development and validation of a Monte Carlo (MC) dose computing module dedicated to organ dose calculations of patients undergoing nuclear medicine (NM) internal radiation exposures involving 18F-FDG PET/CT examination. This new module extends the more-than-10-years-long ARCHER project that developed a GPU-accelerated MC dose engine by adding dedicated NM source-definition features. To validate the code, we compared dose distributions from the 0.511-MeV point photon source calculated for a water phantom as well as a patient PET/CT phantom against a well-tested MC code, GATE. The water-phantom results show excellent agreement, suggesting that the radiation physics module in the new NM code is adequate. To demonstrate the clinical utility and advantage of ARCHER-NM, one set of PET/CT data for an adult male NM patient is calculated using the new code. Radiosensitive organs in the CT dataset are segmented using a CNN-based tool called DeepViewer. The PET image intensity maps are converted to radioactivity distributions to allow for MC radiation transport dose calculations at the voxel level. The dose rate maps and corresponding statistical uncertainties were calculated for the duration of PET image acquisition. The dose rate results of the 18F-FDG PET imaging patient show that ARCHER-NM's results agree very well with those of the GATE within 0.58% to 4.11%. Most impressively, ARCHER-NM obtains such results in less than 0.5 minutes while it takes GATE as much as 376 minutes. This is the first study presenting GPU-accelerated patient-specific MC internal radiation dose rate calculations for clinically realistic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging cases involving auto-segmentation of whole-body PET/CT images. This study suggests that modern computing tools -- ARCHER-NM and DeepViewer -- are accurate and fast enough for routine internal dosimetry in NM clinics.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
The Type Icn SN 2021csp: Implications for the Origins of the Fastest Supernovae and the Fates of Wolf-Rayet Stars
Creators: name: Perley, Daniel A.
name: Sollerman, Jesper
name: Schulze, Steve
name: Yao, Yuhan
name: Fremling, Christoffer
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Ho, Anna Y. Q.
name: Yang, Yi
name: Kool, Erik C.
name: Irani, Ido
name: Yan, Lin
name: Andreoni, Igor
name: Baade, Dietrich
name: Bellm, Eric C.
name: Brink, Thomas G.
name: Chen, Ting-Wan
name: Cikota, Aleksandar
name: Coughlin, Michael W.
name: Dekany, Richard
name: Duev, Dmitry A.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Hoeflich, Peter
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Lunnan, Ragnhild
name: Masci, Frank J.
name: Maund, Justyn R.
name: Medford, Michael S.
name: Riddle, Reed
name: Rosnet, Philippe
name: Shupe, David L.
name: Strotjohann, Nora Linn
name: Tzanidakis, Anastasios
name: Zheng, WeiKang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of SN 2021csp, the second example of a newly-identified type of supernova (Type Icn) hallmarked by strong, narrow, P Cygni carbon features at early times. The SN appears as a fast and luminous blue transient at early times, reaching a peak absolute magnitude of -20 within 3 days due to strong interaction between fast SN ejecta (v ~ 30000 km/s) and a massive, dense, fast-moving C/O wind shed by the WC-like progenitor months before explosion. The narrow line features disappear from the spectrum 10-20 days after explosion and are replaced by a blue continuum dominated by broad Fe features, reminiscent of Type Ibn and IIn supernovae and indicative of weaker interaction with more extended H/He-poor material. The transient then abruptly fades ~60 days post-explosion when interaction ceases. Deep limits at later phases suggest minimal heavy-element nucleosynthesis, a low ejecta mass, or both, and imply an origin distinct from that of classical Type Ic supernovae. We place SN 2021csp in context with other fast-evolving interacting transients, and discuss various progenitor scenarios: an ultrastripped progenitor star, a pulsational pair-instability eruption, or a jet-driven fallback supernova from a Wolf-Rayet star. The fallback scenario would naturally explain the similarity between these events and radio-loud fast transients, and suggests a picture in which most stars massive enough to undergo a WR phase collapse directly to black holes at the end of their lives.
description: Accepted to ApJ 29th December 2021. Originally submitted to ApJ on 6th August 2021
An infinite class of exact rotating black hole metrics of modified gravity
Creators: name: Afonso, Victor I.
name: Mora-Pérez, Gerardo
name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
name: Orazi, Emanuele
name: Rubiera-Garcia, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build an infinite class of exact axisymmetric solutions of a metric-affine gravity theory, namely, Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity, coupled to an anisotropic fluid as a matter source. The solution-generating method employed is not unique of this theory but can be extended to other Ricci-Based Gravity theories (RBGs), a class of theories built out of contractions of the Ricci tensor with the metric. This method exploits a correspondence between the space of solutions of General Relativity and that of RBGs, and is independent of the symmetries of the problem. For the particular case in which the fluid is identified with non-linear electromagnetic fields we explicitly derive the corresponding axisymmetric solutions. Finally, we use this result to work out the counterpart of the Kerr-Newman black hole when Maxwell electrodynamics is set on the metric-affine side. Our results open up an exciting new avenue for testing new gravitational phenomenology in the fields of gravitational waves and shadows out of rotating black holes.
description: 7 pages. r1: some typos under the form of signs and \kappa^2 factors have been fixed. Version accepted for publication on JCAP
LncRNA NEAT1 promotes IL-6 secretion in monocyte-derived dendritic cells via sponging miR-365a-3p in systemic lupus erythematosus
Creators: name: Xiang, Mengmeng
name: Wang, Yilun
name: Chen, Qian
name: Wang, Jie
name: Gao, Zhanyan
name: Liang, Jun
name: Xu, Jinhua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Increasing evidence has uncovered the essential roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in biological and pathological functions of dendritic cells (DCs) among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, whether lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) could modulate DCs, especially in the inflammation of SLE, remains largely unknown. Fifteen SLE patients and fifteen age-matched healthy controls were included, and their monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were cultured in vitro. Our research identified that the expression of NEAT1 was significantly increased in moDCs of SLE patients and positively correlated with disease activity. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) from both plasma and secreted supernatants of moDCs was also elevated in the SLE group. In addition, regulation of NEAT1 in moDCs by transfection could lead to the corresponding change in IL-6 generation. While for miR-365a-3p, a micro-RNA that can bind with the 3’ UTR region of IL6 and NEAT1, it may serve as a negative modulator since its overexpression could result in the reduction of IL-6 levels and vice versa. Additionally, the elevation in NEAT1 expression could increase the secretion of IL-6 by specifically binding to miR-365a-3p, reducing the negative modulatory effects of miR-365a-3p on the IL6 target gene, which suggested that elevated NEAT1 expression could function as the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In conclusion, our findings indicate that NEAT1 can efficiently sponge miR-365a-3p to upregulate expression and secretion of IL-6 in moDCs, suggesting that the NEAT1/miR-365a-3p/IL6 axis may be involved in the development of SLE disease.
Pseudo and quasi gluon PDF in the BFKL approximation
Creators: name: Chirilli, Giovanni Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I study the behavior of the gauge-invariant gluon bi-local operator with space-like separation at large longitudinal distances. Performing the Fourier transform, I also calculate the behavior of the pseudo and quasi gluon PDF at low Bjorken $x$ and compare it with the leading and next-to-leading twist approximation. I show that the pseudo-PDF and quasi-PDF are very different in this regime and that the higher twist corrections of the quasi-PDF come in not as inverse powers of $P$ but as inverse powers of $x_B P$.
description: It matches the published version: analytic results and plots added, typos corrected
Self-consistent modelling of the Milky Way's Nuclear Stellar Disc
Creators: name: Sormani, Mattia C.
name: Sanders, Jason L.
name: Fritz, Tobias K.
name: Smith, Leigh C.
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
name: Schoedel, Rainer
name: Magorrian, John
name: Neumayer, Nadine
name: Nogueras-Lara, Francisco
name: Feldmeier-Krause, Anja
name: Mastrobuono-Battisti, Alessandra
name: Schultheis, Mathias
name: Shahzamanian, Banafsheh
name: Vasiliev, Eugene
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Lucas, Philip
name: Minniti, Dante
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nuclear Stellar Disc (NSD) is a flattened high-density stellar structure that dominates the gravitational field of the Milky Way at Galactocentric radius $30\lesssim R\lesssim 300$ pc. We construct axisymmetric self-consistent equilibrium dynamical models of the NSD in which the distribution function is an analytic function of the action variables. We fit the models to the normalised kinematic distributions (line-of-sight velocities + VIRAC2 proper motions) of stars in the NSD survey of Fritz et al., taking the foreground contamination due to the Galactic Bar explicitly into account using an $N$-body model. The posterior marginalised probability distributions give a total mass of $M_{\rm NSD} = 10.5^{+1.1}_{-1.0} \times10^8 \,{\rm M_\odot}$, roughly exponential radial and vertical scale-lengths of $R_{\rm disc} = 88.6^{+9.2}_{-6.9}$ pc and $H_{\rm disc}=28.4^{+5.5}_{-5.5}$ pc respectively, and a velocity dispersion $σ\simeq 70$ km/s that decreases with radius. We find that the assumption that the NSD is axisymmetric provides a good representation of the data. We quantify contamination from the Galactic Bar in the sample, which is substantial in most observed fields. Our models provide the full 6D (position+velocity) distribution function of the NSD, which can be used to generate predictions for future surveys. We make the models publicly available as part of the software package AGAMA.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Non-Markovian systems out of equilibrium: Exact results for two routes of coarse graining
Creators: name: Jung, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) can be systematically derived via dimensional reduction from high-dimensional microscopic systems. For linear models the derivation can either be based on projection operator techniques such as the Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) formalism or by "integrating out" the bath degrees of freedom. Based on exact analytical results we show that both routes can lead to fundamentally different GLEs and that the origin of these differences is based inherently on the non-equilibrium nature of the microscopic stochastic model. The most important conceptional difference between the two routes is that the MZ result intrinsically fulfills the generalized second fluctuation-dissipation theorem while the integration result can lead to its violation. We supplement our theoretical findings with numerical and simulation results for two popular non-equilibrium systems: Time-delayed feedback control and the active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
On the precarious link between the Gini coefficient and the incentive to migrate
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Byra, Lukasz
name: Kosiorowski, Grzegorz
name: Stark, Oded
name: Byra, Lukasz
name: Kosiorowski, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Political Economy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: The Gini coefficient
subject: Total relative deprivation
subject: The incentive to migrate
subject: Incongruence between measures of inequality

description: We offer an explanation for the inconclusive results of empirical studies into the relationship between the magnitude of the Gini coefficient of income distribution at origin and the intensity of migration. Bearing in mind the substantial literature that identifies relative deprivation as an important determinant of migration behavior, we study the relationship between aggregate or total relative deprivation, TRD, the Gini coefficient, G, and migration. We show that for a given change of incomes, TRD and G can behave differently. We present examples where, in the case of universal increases in incomes, TRD increases while G does not change; G decreases while TRD does not change; and G decreases while TRD increases. We generalize these examples into formal criteria, providing sufficient conditions on the initial and final income vectors under which incongruence between the directions of changes of G and of TRD occur. Our analysis leads us to infer that when the incentive to migrate increases with TRD, then this response can co-exist with no change of G or with a decrease of G.
Bosonic $η$-deformations of Non-integrable Backgrounds
Creators: name: Rado, Laura
name: Rivelles, Victor O.
name: Sánchez, Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the non-integrable bosonic backgrounds $W_{2,4}\times T^{1,1}$ and $AdS_5\times T^{1,1}$ and derive their bosonic $η$-deformed versions using an $r$-matrix that solves the modified Yang-Baxter equation obtaining new integrable deformed backgrounds.
description: 13 pages, modified conclusions, modified abstract
Bootstrapping Closed Hyperbolic Surfaces
Creators: name: Bonifacio, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator and the integrals of products of eigenfunctions and holomorphic $s$-differentials satisfy certain consistency conditions on closed hyperbolic surfaces. These consistency conditions can be derived by using spectral decompositions to write quadruple overlap integrals in terms of triple overlap integrals in different ways. We show how to efficiently construct these consistency conditions and use them to derive upper bounds on eigenvalues, following the approach of the conformal bootstrap. As an example of such a bootstrap bound, we find a numerical upper bound on the spectral gap of closed orientable hyperbolic surfaces that is nearly saturated by the Bolza surface.
description: 20 pages
High and low Sérsic index bulges in Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: origin and connection to the bar with TNG50
Creators: name: Gargiulo, Ignacio D.
name: Monachesi, Antonela
name: Gómez, Facundo A.
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Grand, R. J. J.
name: Fragkoudi, Francesca
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Lovell, Mark
name: Marinacci, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bulge formation in MW/M31-like galaxies in a $Λ$-cold dark matter scenario, focusing on the origin of high- and low-Sersic index bulges. For this purpose we use TNG50, a simulation of the IllustrisTNG project that combines a resolution of $\sim 8 \times 10^4 M_{\odot}$ in stellar particles with a cosmological volume 52 cMpc in extent. We parametrize bulge surface brightness profiles by the Sérsic index and the bulge-to-total (B/T) ratio obtained from two-component photometric decompositions. In our sample of 287 MW/M31-like simulated galaxies, $17.1\%$ of photometric bulges exhibit high-Sérsic indices and $82.9\%$ show low-Sérsic indices. We study the impact that the environment, mergers and bars have in shaping the surface brightness profiles. We explore two different definitions for local environment and find no correlation between bulge properties and the environment where they reside. Simulated galaxies with higher Sérsic indices show, on average, a higher fraction of ex-situ stars in their kinematically selected bulges. For this bulge population the last significant merger (total mass ratio $m_{\rm sat}/m_{\rm host} > 0.1$) occurs, on average, at later times. However, a substantial fraction of low-Sérsic index bulges also experience a late significant merger. We find that bars play an important role in the development of the different types of photometric bulges. We show that the fraction of simulated galaxies with strong bars is smaller for the high- than for the low-Sérsic index population, reaching differences of $20\%$ at $z > 1$. Simulated galaxies with high fractions of ex-situ stars in the bulge do not develop strong bars. Conversely, simulated galaxies with long-lived strong bars have bulges with ex-situ fractions, $f_{\rm ex-situ} < 0.2$.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures (+1 in the appendix) , submitted to MNRAS
Hypermassive quark cores
Creators: name: Lopes, Luiz L.
name: Biesdorf, Carline
name: Menezes, Débora P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) and MIT based models we construct hybrid stars within the Maxwell criteria of hadron-quark phase transition. We are able to produce a hybrid star with maximum mass of 2.15$M_\odot$. Furthermore, a 2.03$M_\odot$ star with a quark core corresponding to more than $80\%$ of both, its total mass and radius, is also possible.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 15 tables
Calibration of VELC detectors on-board Aditya-L1 mission
Creators: name: Mishra, Shalabh
name: Raja, K. Sasikumar
name: U, Sanal Krishnan V
name: Narra, Venkata Suresh
name: S, Bhavana Hegde
name: D., Utkarsha
name: Priyal, Muthu
name: S, Pawan Kumar
name: V, Natarajan
name: B, Raghavendra Prasad
name: Singh, Jagdev
name: P, Umesh Kamath
name: S, Kathiravan
name: T, Vishnu
name: Suresha
name: P, Savarimuthu
name: Desai, Jalshri H
name: Kumaran, Rajiv
name: Sagar, Shiv
name: Kumar, Sumit
name: Bamrah, Inderjeet Singh
name: Kumar, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aditya-L1 is the first Indian space mission to explore the Sun and solar atmosphere with seven multi-wavelength payloads, with Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) being the prime payload. It is an internally occulted coronagraph with four channels to image the Sun at 5000 Å~ in the field of view 1.05 - 3 \rsun, and to pursue spectroscopy at 5303 Å, 7892 Å~ and 10747 Å~ channels in the FOV (1.05 - 1.5 \rsun). In addition, spectropolarimetry is planned at 10747 Å~ channel. Therefore, VELC has three sCMOS detectors and one InGaAs detector. In this article, we aim to describe the technical details and specifications of the detectors achieved by way of thermo-vacuum calibration at the CREST campus of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India. Furthermore, we report the estimated conversion gain, full-well capacity, and readout noise at different temperatures. Based on the numbers, it is thus concluded that it is essential to operate the sCMOS detectors and InGaAs detectors at $-5^{\circ}$ and $-17^{\circ}$ C, respectively, at the spacecraft level.
description: Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy; 13 Pages, 5 Figures and 8 Tables
title: Tax Expenditures Country Report: The Netherlands
Creators: name: Van Opstal, Rocus
Publisher: name: German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS)
publisherIdentifier: https://d-nb.info/gnd/1261267915
publisherIdentifierScheme: GND
Year: 2024

description: Tax expenditures (TEs) in the Netherlands represent a significant portion of government spending, amounting to 15% of GDP in 2022. These provisions include deviations from the standard tax base, rates, and special credits across various taxes, such as Personal Income Tax (PIT), Corporate Income Tax (CIT), Value Added Tax (VAT), and others. Transparency: The country’s TE report is published every year in the Budget Memorandum. It contains extensive data on more than 100 TE provisions, with information on revenue forgone, results from evaluations and policy measures. Complex landscape: The definition of TEs and their classification remain ambiguous, leading to challenges in assessment and reform. Evaluation challenges: The Netherlands have an evaluation framework where on average every 5 years a TE provision is evaluated. This framework is published every year in the Budget Memorandum. Some evaluations of TE provisions suffer from data limitations, vague objectives, and a lack of conclusive findings, hindering effective policymaking. Fiscal sustainability: With TE provisions playing a significant role in government spending, reform efforts are crucial for achieving greater fiscal sustainability and economic development. Policy recommendations: Caution is required when introducing new TEs or revising existing ones. Evaluations should prioritise quality over quantity. Additional recommendations emphasize the need to clarify objectives, improve monitoring and evaluation processes, and address implementation complexity.
A measurement method of transverse light-shift in atomic spin co-magnetometer
Creators: name: Xing, Li
name: Quan, Wei
name: Song, Tianxiao
name: Cai, Qingzhong
name: Ye, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We disclose a method to obtain the transverse light-shift along the probe light of a single-axis alkali metal-noble gas co-magnetometer. The relationship between transverse compensating field and light-shift is deduced through the steady-state solution of Bloch equations. The variety of probe light intensity is used to obtain the residual magnetic field, and step modulation tests are applied to acquire the total spin-relaxation rate of electron spins and self-compensation point. Finally, the transverse light-shift is reduced from -0.115 nT to -0.039 nT by optimizing the probe light wavelength, and the value of the calibration coefficient can be increased simultaneously.
The Extent of Disempowerment among Esan Women Farmers of Edo State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Iruonagbe Tunde Charles
name: Ozoya Mercy
name: Edewor Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ethnic Studies
subject: 220306 Feminist Theory
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Gender studies

description: The paper begins with the need to expand the capacities of rural women farmers which is not negotiable within the framework of human development as women hold the key to attaining global food security. However, dearth of data about rural women concerns persists in Nigeria. The paper therefore presents the experiences of rural women in their farming occupation with empirical data from Esan Women in Edo State, Nigeria. Their struggle for modern farming technologies and credit facilities are presented. A triangulation method of data collection was employed involving the use of structured interviews, in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions (FGDs). The results from the study showed that there is a positive relationship between women empowerment and food production; but the presence of empowerment indicators was found to be inadequate. Specifically, the respondents were found to be grossly deficient in access to modern farming technologies and credit facilities. The paper concludes that Nigeria’s development cannot be complete without rural women’s empowerment.
NGC5846-UDG1: A galaxy formed mostly by star formation in massive, extremely dense clumps of gas
Creators: name: Danieli, Shany
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Trujillo-Gomez, Sebastian
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Carlsten, Scott
name: Shen, Zili
name: Li, Jiaxuan
name: Abraham, Roberto
name: Brodie, Jean
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Gannon, Jonah S.
name: Greco, Johnny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have higher specific frequencies of globular clusters on average than other dwarf galaxies with similar luminosities. The UDG NGC5846-UDG1 is among the most extreme examples of globular cluster-rich galaxies found so far. Here we present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations and analysis of this galaxy and its globular cluster system. We find that NGC5846-UDG1 hosts $54 \pm 9$ globular clusters, three to four times more than any previously known galaxy with a similar luminosity, and higher than reported in previous studies. With a galaxy luminosity of $L_{V,\mathrm{gal}} \approx 6 \times 10^7\,{\rm L}_{\odot}$ ($M_\star \approx 1.2 \times 10^8\,{\rm M}_\odot$) and a total globular cluster luminosity of $L_{V,\mathrm{GCs}} \approx 7.6 \times 10^6\,{\rm L}_{\odot}$, we find that the clusters currently comprise $\sim 13 \%$ of the total light. Taking into account the effects of mass loss from clusters during their formation and throughout their lifetime, we infer that most of the stars in the galaxy likely formed in globular clusters, and very little to no "normal" low-density star formation occurred. This result implies that the most extreme conditions during early galaxy formation promoted star formation in massive and dense clumps, in contrast to the dispersed star formation observed in galaxies today.
description: Submitted to ApJL. Figure 1 shows the Hubble Space Telescope image of the galaxy, and Figure 5 shows the modeling results. Comments are very welcome!
Poverty and Ethnic Militia Activities in The Niger Delta, Nigeria : A Critical appraisal
Creators: name: Iruonagbe Tunde Charles
name: Abimbola Oluremi
name: Jegede Ajibade
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 140202 Economic Development and Growth
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ethnic Studies
subject: 220104 Human Rights and Justice Issues
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The paper begins by stating that the Niger Delta area is home to about 23% of Nigeria’s total population. Also, that one thing that readily comes to mind about the area is conflict through the instrumentality of ethnic militancy. It further affirms that the issue of conflict in the area has been discussed and examined against many indices. The paper however tried to place the incidence of ethnic militia activities against the perception of deprivation by the people of this area. The paper employed frustration-aggression and relative deprivation theses in explaining the phenomenon of wanton destruction of oil exploration facilities, deaths and hostage taking by many militant groups that traverse the region. Recommendations that could assuage the conflict situation were suggested.
Sesquiterpenes from the fruits of Illicium Simonsii maxim
Creators: name: Liu, Hang
name: Chen, Minghua
name: Lang, Yongjun
name: Wang, Xiaoxia
name: Zhuang, Pengyu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A new allo-cedrane sesquiterpene glycoside (1) and nine known compounds (2–10) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit of Illicium simonii Maxim. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was confirmed by CD experiments. Among them, compounds 1, 4, 5, and 7 displayed moderate anti-inflammatory activities by use of an in vitro bioassay.
title: Appel à candidature ATED" Faire de l'histoire sociale. Que fait l'histoire sociale de l'appartenance religieuse ?" 2017
Creators: name: TELEMME (UMR 7303)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2019

description: Appel à candidature école d'été "Faire de l'histoire sociale. Que fait l'histoire sociale de l'appartenance religieuse ?". 
Atelier thématique porté par Thomas Glesener (TELEMME), dans le cadre du programme ATED, initié par le LabexMed.
Deciphering stellar metallicities in the early Universe: Case study of a young galaxy at z = 4.77 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field
Creators: name: Matthee, Jorryt
name: Feltre, Anna
name: Maseda, Michael
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Boogaard, Leindert
name: Bacon, Roland
name: Verhamme, Anne
name: Leclercq, Floriane
name: Kusakabe, Haruka
name: Urrutia, Tanya
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directly characterising the first generations of stars in distant galaxies is a key quest of observational cosmology. We present a case study of ID53 at z=4.77, the UV-brightest (but L*) star-forming galaxy at z>3 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field with a mass of $10^9$ M$_{\odot}$. In addition to very strong Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) emission, we clearly detect the (stellar) continuum and an NV P-Cygni feature, interstellar absorption, fine-structure emission and nebular CIV emission lines in the 140 hr spectrum. Continuum emission from two spatially resolved components in Hubble Space Telescope data are blended in the MUSE data, but we show that the nebular CIV emission originates from a subcomponent of the galaxy. The UV spectrum can be fit with recent BPASS stellar population models combined with single-burst or continuous star formation histories (SFHs), a standard initial mass function, and an attenuation law. Models with a young age and low metallicity (log10(age/yr)=6.5-7.6 and [Z/H]=-2.15 to -1.15) are preferred. The intrinsic H$α$ luminosity of the best-fit models is an order of magnitude higher than the H$α$ luminosity inferred from Spitzer/IRAC data, which either suggests a high escape fraction of ionising photons, a high relative attenuation of nebular to stellar dust, or a complex SFH. The metallicity appears lower than the metallicity in more massive galaxies at z=3-5, consistent with the scenario according to which younger galaxies have lower metallicities. This chemical immaturity likely facilitates Ly$α$ escape, explaining why the Ly$α$ equivalent width is anti-correlated with stellar metallicity. Finally, we stress that uncertainties in SFHs impose a challenge for future inferences of the stellar metallicity of young galaxies. This highlights the need for joint (spatially resolved) analyses of stellar spectra and photo-ionisation models.
description: Main results: Figures 3 and 5 show that the observed nebular CIV emission varies spatially within the galaxy and Figure 8 shows the rest-frame UV spectrum is best-fit with very young stellar populations. Accepted for publication in A&A
Two new norneolignans from Callicarpa kwangtungensis
Creators: name: Bi, Hong-Yu
name: Xu, Chun-Liang
name: Fu, Hui-Zheng
name: Zhou, Zhi-Qiang
name: Zhong, Rui-Jian
name: Dai, Mian
name: Wang, Dong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Two new norneolignans, (7S,8R)-3-methoxy-3′,4,9-trihydroxy-4′,7-epoxy-8,3′-neolignane-1′-carboxylic acid (1) and (7R,8R)-3-methoxyl-4,9-dihydroxy-3′:7,4′:8-diepoxyneolignan-1′-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2) were isolated from Callicarpa kwangtungensis, together with ten known compounds, genistin (3), daidzin (4), silybin A (5), isosilybin A (6), isosilybin B (7), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (8), syringic acid (9), lanceolatin A (10), icariside C5 (11), and (3S,6E,10R)-10-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,11-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,6-diene (12). Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their effects on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide induced RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 31.45 ± 0.38 and 40.72 ± 0.54 μM, respectively.
Titularidad ANECA - Cálculo de Posibilidades
Creators: name: Repiso, Rafael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ANECA
Evaluación de Currículo
Titularidad

description: Hoja de cálculo que de acuerdo a los requisitos de ANECA (eneero de 2020), indica el cumplimiento de los criterios para el Campos de Ciencias Sociales.
Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis involving modulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance
Creators: name: Chen, Yi-Fang
name: Zheng, Jin-Juan
name: Qu, Chao
name: Xiao, Yao
name: Li, Fang-Fang
name: Jin, Quan-Xin
name: Li, Hong-Hua
name: Meng, Fan-Ping
name: Jin, Gui-Hua
name: Jin, Dan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal chronic inflammatory disease, and is related to imbalance of CD4+T subsets. However, the current treatments of chronic colitis are not ideal and have potential side effects. Therefore, more effective and safer biologically active substances which are extracted from natural plants have been widely concerned. In this study, it was found that Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides (IOP), the main bioactive constituent of Inonotus obliquus, can alleviate dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic murine intestinal inflammation. Oral administration of IOP (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) can significantly reduce the disease active index and alleviate the pathological changes in colitis mice, where the tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 losses in colon tissues were reduced. It can also regulate imbalanced Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in colon tissues, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction detection and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assays further revealed the modulatory effect of IOP on the p-STAT1, p-STAT6, p-STAT3 expression, which promoted the balance of Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg in the colon of chronic colitis mice. In short, these results indicated that IOP was potentially effective therapeutic agent for IBD.
On the locomotion of the slider within a self-adaptive beam-slider system
Creators: name: Müller, Florian
name: Krack, Malte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A beam-slider system is considered whose passive self-adaption relies on an intricate locomotion process involving both frictional and unilateral contact. The system also exploits geometric nonlinearity to achieve broadband efficacy. The dynamics of the system take place on three distinct time scales: On the fast time scale of the harmonic base excitation are the vibrations and the locomotion cycle. On the slow time scale, the slider changes its position along the beam, and the overall vibration level varies. Finally, on an intermediate time scale, strong modulations of the vibration amplitude may take place. In the present work, first, an analytical approximation of the beam's response on the slow time scale is derived as function of the slider position, which is a crucial prerequisite for identifying the main drivers of the slider's locomotion. Then, the most important forms of locomotion are described and approximations of their individual contribution to the overall slider transport are estimated. Finally, the theoretical results are compared against numerical results obtained from an experimentally validated model.
SUPPNet: Neural network for stellar spectrum normalisation
Creators: name: Różański, Tomasz
name: Niemczura, Ewa
name: Lemiesz, Jakub
name: Posiłek, Natalia
name: Różański, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise continuum normalisation of merged échelle spectra is a demanding task necessary for various detailed spectroscopic analyses. Automatic methods have limited effectiveness due to the variety of features present in the spectra of stars. This complexity often leads to the necessity of manual normalisation which is a time demanding task. The aim of this work is to develop a fully automated normalisation tool that works with order-merged spectra and offers flexible manual fine-tuning, if necessary. The core of the proposed method uses the novel fully convolutional deep neural network (SUPP Network) that was trained to predict a pseudo-continuum. The post-processing step uses smoothing splines that gives access to regressed knots useful for optional manual corrections. The active learning technique was applied to deal with possible biases that may arise from training with synthetic spectra and to extend the applicability of the proposed method to features absent in this kind of spectra. The developed normalisation method was tested with high-resolution spectra of stars having spectral types from O to G, and gave root mean squared (RMS) error over the set of test stars equal $0.0128$ in the spectral range from $3900\,Å$ to $7000\,Å$ and $0.0081$ in the range from $4200\,Å$ to $7000\,Å$. Experiments with synthetic spectra give RMS of the order of $0.0050$. The proposed method gives results comparable to careful manual normalisation. Additionally, this approach is general and can be used in other fields of astronomy where background modelling or trend removal is a part of data processing. The algorithm is available online at https://git.io/JqJhf.
description: 20 pages (incl. appendix), 30 figures, 4 tables. Revised based on the reviewers' comments and submitted to A&A
Poverty and Old Age:The Nigerian Situation
Creators: name: Iruonagbe Tunde Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 140202 Economic Development and Growth
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140219 Welfare Economics

description: This book chapter focuses on the persistent and excruciating levels of poverty suffered by the elderly. For most of the elderly, there has been the challenge of the inability of government to cope with payment of pensions to retirees. There is also the inadequate social services and health facilities to cater for the needs of an ageing population, as well as well as a predominantly rural agrarian population. So, the paper examines the interplay between poverty and old age, especially as some elderly people now live like beggars in the cities and various rural settlements.
Clinical validation of the Symptom Self-rating Scale for Schizophrenia (4S) among inpatients
Creators: name: Kølbæk, Pernille
name: Guinart, Daniel
name: Opler, Mark
name: Correll, Christoph U.
name: Mors, Ole
name: Østergaard, Søren D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Self-reports of psychosis-related symptoms may be a valuable supplement to clinician-ratings, but more validation studies are required. The aim of this study was to conduct clinical validation for the Symptom Self-rating Scale for Schizophrenia (4S) in an inpatient setting. Inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were invited to participate in the study. The participants completed the 4S, the 5-item World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) at two time points. Trained raters assessed participants using the 6-item Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6). The relationship between the 4S and PANSS-6, self-reported side effects, functioning and wellbeing was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho). Sixty-one participants completed the 4S at least once (yielding a total of 91 completed 4S questionnaires). The 4S total score was weakly correlated with the PANSS-6 total score (rho = 0.37, p < 0.001). The rho's for individual 4S and PANSS-6 subscales and item comparisons ranged from −0.24 (thought disorder) to 0.69 (hallucinations). Finally, the 4S hallucination subscale was also sensitive to change. The 4S was strongly inversely correlated with wellbeing (WHO-5) and moderately inversely correlated with functioning (SDS total score). The 4S holds promise as a valid self-report of core schizophrenia symptoms among inpatients. While the hallucination subscale seems superior to existing scales, the thought disorder subscale needs to be re-developed.
An extension of Thomassen's result on choosability
Creators: name: Li, Lingxi
name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15

description: Thomassen proved that all planar graphs are $5$-choosable. Škrekovski strengthened the result by showing that all $K_{5}$-minor-free graphs are $5$-choosable. Dvořák and Postle pointed out that all planar graphs are DP-$5$-colorable. In this note, we first improve these results by showing that every $K_{5}$-minor-free or $K_{3, 3}$-minor-free graph is DP-$5$-colorable. In the final section, we further improve these results under the term strictly $f$-degenerate transversal.
description: 7 pages; 1 figure
Automated Discovery of Anomalous Features in Ultra-Large Planetary Remote Sensing Datasets using Variational Autoencoders
Creators: name: Lesnikowski, Adam
name: Bickel, Valentin T.
name: Angerhausen, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has returned petabytes of lunar high spatial resolution surface imagery over the past decade, impractical for humans to fully review manually. Here we develop an automated method using a deep generative visual model that rapidly retrieves scientifically interesting examples of LRO surface imagery representing the first planetary image anomaly detector. We give quantitative experimental evidence that our method preferentially retrieves anomalous samples such as notable geological features and known human landing and spacecraft crash sites. Our method addresses a major capability gap in planetary science and presents a novel way to unlock insights hidden in ever-increasing remote sensing data archives, with numerous applications to other science domains. We publish our code and data along with this paper.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures - JSTARS, accepted
Additional file 1 of Prognostic impact of lymph node parameters in distal cholangiocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Creators: name: Lyu, Shaocheng
name: Li, Lixin
name: Zhao, Xin
name: Ren, Zhangyong
name: Cao, Di
name: He, Qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1:. Ethics approval.
Winding number of a Brownian particle on a ring under stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Grange, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a random walker on a ring, subjected to resetting at Poisson-distributed times to the initial position (the walker takes the shortest path along the ring to the initial position at resetting times). In the case of a Brownian random walker the mean first-completion time of a turn is expressed in closed form as a function of the resetting rate. The value is shorter than in the ordinary process if the resetting rate is low enough. Moreover, the mean first-completion time of a turn can be minimised in the resetting rate. At large time the distribution of winding numbers does not reach a steady state, which is in contrast with the non-compact case of a Brownian particle under resetting on the real line. The mean total number of turns (and the variance of the net number of turns) grow linearly with time, with a proportionality constant equal to the inverse of the mean first-completion time of a turn.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures; V2: typos corrected; V3: more typos corrected, references added
Input Data Adaptive Learning (IDAL) for Sub-acute Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation
Creators: name: Götz, Michael
name: Weber, Christian
name: Kolb, Christoph
name: Maier-Hein, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In machine learning larger databases are usually associated with higher classification accuracy due to better generalization. This generalization may lead to non-optimal classifiers in some medical applications with highly variable expressions of pathologies. This paper presents a method for learning from a large training base by adaptively selecting optimal training samples for given input data. In this way heterogeneous databases are supported two-fold. First, by being able to deal with sparsely annotated data allows a quick inclusion of new data set and second, by training an input-dependent classifier. The proposed approach is evaluated using the SISS challenge. The proposed algorithm leads to a significant improvement of the classification accuracy.