Xylopia thomsonii Oliv., Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 31 1868
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Xylopia
Xylopia thomsonii

description: Xylopia thomsonii Oliv., Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 31, 1868 Fig. 153; Map 19D ≡ Xylopicrum thomsonii (Oliver) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8, 1891. = Xylopia pyrifolia Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179, 1895. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ituri Province, Bataibo am Duki, Stuhlmann F.L. 2781, 7 Nov 1891: holotype: B[100153155]. = Xylopia tenuifolia Engl. &amp; Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 298, 1899; Xylopicrum tenuifolium (Engler &amp; Diels) Kuntze, Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173-174, 1903. Type. Cameroon. South-West Region, Urwald zwischen Mowange und Isongo, Preuss C.G.T. s.n., Mar 1897: B, apparently destroyed. = Xylopia seretii [" <i>sereti</i> "] De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3: 79, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Haut-Uele, bords d’une riviere sur la route de Faradje à Vankerkhovenville, <i>Seret F. 555</i>, 12 Apr 1906: holotype: BR[BR0000024941396]; isotype: BR[0000008824370]. Type. Nigeria. Rivers state; Old Calabar, <i>Thomson W.C. 53</i>, no date: holotype: K[000199064]. Description. <b>Scandent shrub up to 10 m tall or rarely an upright tree</b>, d.b.h. up to 17 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches pubescent, young branches pubescent with erect dull gray to brown hairs 0.1-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-6 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 8.4-13.7 cm long, 2.5-4.7 cm wide, lanceolate, elliptic to oblong, or oblong-oblanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-1.6 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous, below glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, generally discolorous; midrib sunken, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 11 to 17 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, <b>1 (2) per inflorescence</b>; pedicel 3-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 5-12 mm long, 2-8 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; <b>bracts 3 to 6, overlapping toward pedicel base</b>, 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-4 mm long, 3 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 14.6-49 mm long, 2.4-3.8 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, cream to white, pubescent towards base outside, pubescent with glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-33 mm long, 2.1-3.2 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, cream to white, pubescent with glabrous base on both sides; stamens ca. 200, in 4 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 7 to 13, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, linear-falcate, 1.8-3.4 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 3-11 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 5 to 10(12), 21-65 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, narrowly oblong, weakly torulose, apex obtuse or with a beak 1-4 mm long, glabrous, verrucose or lenticellate (in vivo) and smooth to longitudinally wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp red to red-purple; seeds up to 9, commonly 4-8 per monocarp, <b>in a single row</b>, 9-12 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, ellipsoid; <b> sarcotesta thin, waxy, green <i>in vivo</i>; aril absent</b> . Distribution. A widespread species in central Africa, from Nigeria to South Sudan and south to northeastern Angola; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral, South-West, West and Adamaoua regions. Habitat. A common species with a wide ecological amplitude, in the understory of primary or old secondary rain forest or gallery forest, occasionally in marshy forest or forest edges near water. Altitude 0-1300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. akwi (Ewondo, <i>Breteler 931</i>). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019m). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. <i>Xylopia thomsonii</i> is a scandent shrub or occasionally a small tree occurring in lowland forests, usually near water. The relatively short pedicels with persistent overlapping bracts, and 1-flowered inflorescences are characteristic. <i>Xylopia thomsonii</i> was formerly included in <i>Xylopia acutiflora</i> (Dunal) A. Rich., which is now considered to be restricted to West Africa from Sierra Leone to southwestern Ivory Coast. In Cameroon it is most similar to <i>X. monticola</i> and <i>X. elliotii</i>; see the key for distinctions among those species. Selected specimens examined. <b>Adamaoua Region</b>: At Sabal Haleo 62 km NE de Tibati, 6.78°N, 13.17°E, <i>11 April 1983</i>, <i>Asonganyi J.N.</i> 632 (P,YA); A 10 km à l’ouest de Bagodo, 6.42°N, 13.38°E, <i>28 July 1966</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 7563 (YA); Banyo, 6.75°N, 11.82°E, <i>08 June 1967</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 8552 (P,YA). <b>Central Region</b>: Ndanan I to Ndangan I Forest on path left of road after bridge, site of 25 m × 25 m plot, 3.61°N, 11.59°E, <i>16 March 2004</i>, <i>Cheek M.</i> 11690 (K,YA); Ca 50 km S of Badjob ca 60 km SW of Eséka Along the Nyong-River, 3.68°N, 10.68°E, <i>20 March 1964</i>, <i>de Wilde W.J.J.O</i> 2172 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Syzygeraie près Malandi, 3.57°N, 11.22°E, <i>06 December 1959</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 2423 (P,YA); Près des lacs de Boubala, 5.75°N, 11.9°E, <i>13 December 1960</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 2566 (P,YA); Rive boisée de la Sanaga près Mbargue, 4.9°N, 13.08°E, <i>27 January 1960</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 2824 (P,YA). <b>East Region</b>: Bétaré Oya 5 km along road to Bertoua, 5.5°N, 14.1°E, <i>17 February 1960</i>, <i>Breteler F.J.</i> 1063 (P,WAG,YA); Goyoum, 5.22°N, 13.38°E, <i>27 January 1961</i>, <i>Breteler F.J.</i> 931 (BR,K,P,WAG); Mbussa, 6°N, 14.38°E, <i>29 April 1914</i>, <i>Mildbraed G.W.J.</i> 9069 (K); Route Esseleke, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, <i>15 February 1956</i>, <i>Nana P.</i> 479 (P); Sangha River (international frontier) collected 30 km from Libongo southwards, 2.5°N, 16.06°E, <i>27 July 1987</i>, <i>Thomas D.W.</i> 7281 (YA). <b>Littoral Region</b>: 8 km W of Massok, 4.13°N, 10.47°E, <i>27 March 1965</i>, <i>Leeuwenberg A.J.M.</i> 5217 (B,BR,C,GC,K,LUAI,MO,P,WAG,YA). <b>North-West Region</b>: Anyajua, 6.18°N, 10.36°E, <i>12 December 1998</i>, <i>Cheek M.</i> 9923 (K,WAG,YA); Bamenda Distr Fonfuka, 6.53°N, 10.48°E, <i>01 May 1931</i>, <i>Maitland T.D.</i> 1731 (K). <b>South Region</b>: Bitya near R Ja, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, <i>01 January 1921</i>, <i>Bates G.L.</i> 1852 (P); S bank of Lobé R SE of Gr Batanga ferry, 2.88°N, 9.892°E, <i>11 October 1969</i>, <i>Bos J.J.</i> 5475 (BR,C,K,LD,P,WAG,YA); Ca 10 km SW of Ambam S of Ebolowa On N bank of Ntem-River, 2.38°N, 11.28°E, <i>02 March 1964</i>, <i>de Wilde W.J.J.O</i> 2043 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Colline de Mill (5 km NE Lolodorf), 3.23°N, 10.73°E, <i>26 January 1974</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 12797 (P,YA); Ngoasik (10 km SSE Ambam) rive du Nt, 2.28°N, 11.33°E, <i>01 March 1963</i>, <i>Raynal J.</i> 10130 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an National Park, 2.33°N, 10.5°E, <i>24 August 2001</i>, <i>van Andel T.R.</i> 4023 (KRIBI,WAG). <b>South-West Region</b>: Menyum (Bakossi), 4.6°N, 9°E, <i>28 February 1987</i>, <i>Doumenge C.</i> 313 (MO,P,WAG); Mai Idoanu, 4.24°N, 8.99°E, <i>12 February 1955</i>, <i>Latilo M.G.</i> 34468 (P); Onge River, 4.3°N, 8.95°E, <i>20 October 1993</i>, <i>Tchouto Mbatchou G.P.</i> 896 (K,YA); Disturbed forest between Liwenyi and big Koto, 4.3°N, 8.95°E, <i>22 October 1993</i>, <i>Tchouto Mbatchou G.P.</i> 942 (K,YA); Korup National Park, 5.05°N, 8.8°E, <i>28 February 1984</i>, <i>Thomas D.W.</i> 3242 (MO,YA); Korup National Park, 4.98°N, 8.85°E, <i>12 January 1979</i>, <i>Thomas D.W.</i> 595 (K). <b>West Region</b>: Baleng, 5.53°N, 10.38°E, <i>10 May 1964</i>, <i>de Wilde W.J.J.O</i> 2565 (WAG).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 491-494, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Harvey-Brown, Y, 2019m. Xylopia thomsonii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T137098947A149068934. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T137098947A149068934.en"]}