cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
No “carry-over” effects of tracking devices on return rate and parameters determining reproductive success in once and repeatedly tagged common swifts (Apus apus), a long-distance migratory bird
Creators: name: Wellbrock, Arndt
name: Witte, Klaudia
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)
subject: Long-term study
subject: Breeding parameter
subject: Individual consistency
subject: Geolocation
subject: GPS
subject: Apparent survival
subject: Mauersegler
subject: Brüten
subject: GPS

description: Background: To understand life-history strategies in migratory bird species, we should focus on migration behaviour and possible carry-over effects on both population and individual level. Tracking devices are useful tools to directly investigate migration behaviour. With increased use of tracking devices, questions arise towards animal welfare and possible negative effects of logger on birds. Several studies were conducted to address this question in birds that were tagged and tracked for one complete non-breeding season including migration but with mixed results. To detect individual-based decisions regarding migration strategy, we need to track the same individuals several times. So far, there are no studies investigating effects of repeatedly tagging on reproduction and life-history traits in individual migratory birds, especially in small birds. Methods: We used long-term data of 85 tagged common swifts (Apus apus), a long-distance migratory bird, of a breeding colony in Germany to test whether carrying a geolocator or GPS logger once or repeatedly during nonbreeding season affected return rate, apparent survival, and parameters determining reproductive success. Additionally, we checked for individual differences in arrival date and breeding parameters when the same individuals were tagged and when they were not tagged in different years. Further, we calculated the individual repeatability in arrival at the breeding colony and date of egg laying in repeatedly tagged swifts. Results: Once and repeatedly tagged birds returned to the colony at a similar rate as non-logger birds and arrived earlier than non-logger birds. We found no effect of logger-type on return rate in logger birds. We detected no differences in apparent survival, time lag to clutch initiation, date of clutch initiation, clutch size, number of chicks and fledglings between logger and non-logger birds. We found neither an effect of loggers nor of logger-types on the arrival date and breeding parameter on individual-level. Arrival date was highly repeatable and date of clutch initiation was moderately repeatable within repeatedly tagged individuals.
The consequences of ethical leadership: comparisons with transformational leadership and abusive supervision
Creators: name: Ogunfowora, Babatunde
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 76-82
description: The present group-level research evaluated the unique contributions of Brown, Trevino, and Harrison's (2005) ethical leadership construct to the leadership literature. The effects of ethical leadership on employee counterproductive work behaviours, organizational citizenship behaviours, organizational commitment, and satisfaction with leader were examined. To establish construct distinctiveness, the effects of ethical leadership were evaluated relative to two ethically-oriented leadership constructs, namely transformational leadership (Bass, 1985) and abusive supervision (Tepper, 2000). Research participants (N = 297) were employees of five not-for-profit organizations working in 58 teams. The results of common factor analysis revealed a large factor defined by ethical and transformational leadership items, and a second smaller factor with abusive supervision items. Ethical leadership also correlated rather strongly (r = .88) with transformational leadership in the total sample. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses showed that ethical leadership positively predicted leader satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviours, and affective organizational commitment at the group level. When compared to transformational leadership and abusive supervision, however, ethical leadership explained little to no unique variance in the outcome variables. Altogether, the present research provides different sources of evidence that suggest that ethical leadership and its effects overlap considerably with transformational leadership. Some theoretical implications of the research findings are discussed.
Probing Phase Fluctuations in a 2D Degenerate Bose Gas by Free Expansion
Creators: name: Choi, Jae-yoon
name: Seo, Sang Won
name: Kwon, Woo Jin
name: Shin, Yong-il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the power spectrum of the density distribution of a freely expanding 2D degenerate Bose gas, where irregular density modulations gradually develop due to the initial phase fluctuations in the sample. The spectrum has an oscillatory shape, where the peak positions are found to be independent of temperature and show scaling behavior in the course of expansion. The relative intensity of phase fluctuations is estimated from the normalized spectral peak strength and observed to decrease at lower temperatures, confirming the thermal nature of the phase fluctuations. We investigate the relaxation dynamics of nonequilibrium states using the power spectrum. Free vortices are observed with ring-shaped density ripples in a perturbed sample after a long relaxation time.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The Rogers-Ramanujan-Gordon Theorem for Overpartitions
Creators: name: Chen, William Y. C.
name: Sang, Doris D. M.
name: Shi, Diane Y. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A17, 11P84

description: Let $B_{k,i}(n)$ be the number of partitions of $n$ with certain difference condition and let $A_{k,i}(n)$ be the number of partitions of $n$ with certain congruence condition. The Rogers-Ramanujan-Gordon theorem states that $B_{k,i}(n)=A_{k,i}(n)$. Lovejoy obtained an overpartition analogue of the Rogers-Ramanujan-Gordon theorem for the cases $i=1$ and $i=k$. We find an overpartition analogue of the Rogers-Ramanujan-Gordon theorem in the general case. Let $D_{k,i}(n)$ be the number of overpartitions of $n$ satisfying certain difference condition and $C_{k,i}(n)$ be the number of overpartitions of $n$ whose non-overlined parts satisfy certain congruences condition. We show that $C_{k,i}(n)=D_{k,i}(n)$. By using a function introduced by Andrews, we obtain a recurrence relation which implies that the generating function of $D_{k,i}(n)$ equals the generating function of $C_{k,i}(n)$. We also find a generating function formula of $D_{k,i}(n)$ by using Gordon marking representations of overpartitions, which can be considered as an overpartition analogue of an identity of Andrews for ordinary partitions.
description: 26 pages
Housing insecurity among urban fathers
Creators: name: Curtis, Marah A.
name: Geller, Amanda B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Families

description: This article examines housing insecurity among an understudied population: urban fathers of young children. Housing security is of particular importance for vulnerable populations, and urban fathers, many of whom face unemployment and monitoring from the child support and criminal justice systems, often rely on this security to mitigate the socioeconomic challenges they face. By assessing the extent and type of housing insecurity affecting urban fathers, we identify a potentially serious source of disadvantage facing families more broadly. A year after the birth of a new child, fully a quarter of fathers reported significant housing insecurities with 3% experiencing homelessness. Results suggest that from 9-12% of fathers are doubling up, relying on others for living expenses, and moving more than once every year. Finally, only half of fathers had been able to maintain housing security over the three to four years since the focal child's birth.
Stability of Schwarzschild black hole in f(R) gravity with the dynamical Chern-Simons term
Creators: name: Moon, Taeyoon
name: Myung, Yun Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the stability analysis of the Schwarzschild black hole in $f(R)$ gravity with the parity-violating Chern-Simons (CS) term coupled to a dynamical scalar field $θ$. For this purpose, we transform the $f(R)$ gravity into the scalar-tensor theory by introducing a scalaron $ϕ$, providing the dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity with two scalars. The perturbation equation for the scalar $θ$ is coupled to the odd-parity metric perturbation equation, providing a system of two coupled second order equations, while the scalaron is coupled to the even-parity perturbation equation. This implies that the CS coupling affects the Regge-Wheeler equation, while $f(R)$ gravity does not affect the Zerilli equation. It turns out that the Schwarzschild black hole is stable against the external perturbations if the scalaron is free from the tachyon.
description: 14 pages, no figures, version to appear in PRD
The Problem of Secrecy and the Opportunity for Openness in International Institutions
Creators: name: Blanton, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This paper provides a brief and admittedly selective history of the struggle for openness in the international institutions, summary descriptions of a few of the more important battles and campaigns in that struggle, an analysis of current transparency policies and institutional structures within the international institutions, an overview of current issues and debates, and a synopsis of lessons learned from the struggle so far. One major limitation of this paper derives from the limitations of the available scholarly and popular literature on transparency in the international institutions, that is, the preponderance of focus on the World Bank, rather than on the regional development banks, the IMF, the WTO, and NATO. While the latter do feature in a number of significant studies, and this paper will draw on that material for illustrative purposes, it is the World Bank that has occupied the central place in the protest movements of the past 25 years as well as in the international openness reforms of the past decade.
Privacy-Preserving, Taxable Bank Accounts
Creators: name: Androulaki, Elli
name: Vo, Binh D.
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science
Banks and banking

description: Current banking systems do not aim to protect user privacy. Purchases made from a single bank account can be linked to each other by many parties. This could be addressed in a straight-forward way by generating unlinkable credentials from a single master credential using Camenisch and Lysyanskaya's algorithm; however, if bank accounts are taxable, some report must be made to the tax authority about each account. Using unlinkable credentials, digital cash, and zero knowledge proofs of knowledge, we present a solution that prevents anyone, even the tax authority, from knowing which accounts belong to which users, or from being able to link any account to another or to purchases or deposits.
A Hamilton-Jacobi approach to junction problems and application to traffic flows
Creators: name: Imbert, Cyril
name: Monneau, Régis
name: Zidani, Hasnaa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the study of a model case of first order Hamilton-Jacobi equations posed on a "junction", that is to say the union of a finite number of half-lines with a unique common point. The main result is a comparison principle. We also prove existence and stability of solutions. The two challenging difficulties are the singular geometry of the domain and the discontinuity of the Hamiltonian. As far as discontinuous Hamiltonians are concerned, these results seem to be new. They are applied to the study of some models arising in traffic flows. The techniques developed in the present article provide new powerful tools for the analysis of such problems.
description: This paper is dedicated to J.-B. Hiriart-Urruty. Note on v3: to appear in ESAIM: COCV
Probability Theory Compatible with the New Conception of Modern Thermodynamics. Economics and Crisis of Debts
Creators: name: Maslov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Gödel's negative results concerning arithmetic, which date back to the 1930s, and the ancient "sand pile" paradox (known also as "sorites paradox") pose the questions of the use of fuzzy sets and of the effect of a measuring device on the experiment. The consideration of these facts led, in thermodynamics, to a new one-parameter family of ideal gases. In turn, this leads to a new approach to probability theory (including the new notion of independent events). As applied to economics, this gives the correction, based on Friedman's rule, to Irving Fisher's "Main Law of Economics" and enables us to consider the theory of debt crisis.
description: 48p., 14 figs., 82 refs.; more precise mathematical explanations are added. arXiv admin note: significant text overlap with arXiv:1111.6106
Models of cuspy triaxial stellar systems. I. Stability and chaoticity
Creators: name: Zorzi, Alejandra F.
name: Muzzio, Juan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used the N-body code of Hernquist and Ostriker (1992) to build a dozen cuspy (γ\approx 1) triaxial models of stellar systems through dissipationless collapses of initially spherical distributions of 10^6 particles. We chose four sets of initial conditions that resulted in models morphologically resembling E2, E3, E4 and E5 galaxies, respectively. Within each set, three different seed numbers were selected for the random number generator used to create the initial conditions, so that the three models of each set are statistically equivalent. We checked the stability of our models using the values of their central densities and of their moments of inertia, which turned out to be very constant indeed. The changes of those values were all less than 3 per cent over one Hubble time and, moreover, we show that the most likely cause of those changes are relaxation effects in the numerical code. We computed the six Lyapunov exponents of nearly 5,000 orbits in each model in order to recognize regular, partially and fully chaotic orbits. All the models turned out to be highly chaotic, with less than 25 per cent of their orbits being regular. We conclude that it is quite possible to obtain cuspy triaxial stellar models that contain large fractions of chaotic orbits and are highly stable. The difficulty to build such models with the method of Schwarzschild (1979) should be attributed to the method itself and not to physical causes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, published in MNRAS (The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com)
Merged-Beams for Slow Molecular Collision Experiments
Creators: name: Wei, Qi
name: Lyuksyutov, Igor
name: Herschbach, Dudley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular collisions can be studied at very low relative kinetic energies, in the milliKelvin range, by merging codirectional beams with much higher translational energies, extending even to the kiloKelvin range, provided that the beam speeds can be closely matched. This technique provides far more intensity and wider chemical scope than methods that require slowing both collision partners. Previously, at far higher energies, merged beams have been widely used with ions and/or neutrals formed by charge transfer. Here we assess for neutral, thermal molecular beams the range and resolution of collision energy that now appears attainable, determined chiefly by velocity spreads within the merged beams. Our treatment deals both with velocity distributions familiar for molecular beams formed by effusion or supersonic expansion, and an unorthodox variant produced by a rotating supersonic source capable of scanning the lab beam velocity over a wide range.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
Changes in Corporate Restructuring Processes in Japan, 1981-2007
Creators: name: Hoshi, Takeo
name: Koibuchi, Satoshi
name: Schaede, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: We analyze a large database collected from newspaper articles that report on major episodes of corporate restructuring in Japan between 1981 and 2007. By linking this database with financial data on public firms, we identify changes in the likelihood that a distressed undergoes restructuring, as well as in some measures adopted during restructuring. We find that the way distressed Japanese firms are restructured has changed during this period. The likelihood that a large distressed firm with high levels of debt undergoes restructuring has declined. Those firms that undergo restructuring continue to adopt more aggressive measures in terms of layoffs and cutbacks than other distressed firms, suggesting that "restructuring", when it happens, involves real adjustments. Banks continue to be important for firms with a clearly identified main bank, and the main bank is more likely to push for more drastic reductions in debt and bank loans than other entities leading a restructuring event.
Heat capacity in nonequilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Boksenbojm, Eliran
name: Maes, Christian
name: Netocny, Karel
name: Pesek, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to extend the concept of heat capacity to nonequilibrium systems. The main idea is to consider the excess heat released by an already dissipative system when slowly changing the environment temperature. We take the framework of Markov jump processes to embed the specific physics of small driven systems and we demonstrate that heat capacities can be consistently defined in the quasistatic limit. Away from thermal equilibrium, an additional term appears to the usual energy-temperature response at constant volume, explicitly in terms of the excess work. In linear order around an equilibrium dynamics that extra term is an energy-driving response and it is entirely determined from local detailed balance. Examples illustrate how the steady heat capacity can become negative when far from equilibrium.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Robust optical emission polarization in MoS2 monolayers through selective valley excitation
Creators: name: Sallen, G.
name: Bouet, L.
name: Marie, X.
name: Wang, G.
name: Zhu, C. R.
name: Han, W. P.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Tan, P. H.
name: Amand, T.
name: Liu, B. L.
name: Urbaszek, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report polarization resolved photoluminescence from monolayer MoS2, a two-dimensional, non-centrosymmetric crystal with direct energy gaps at two different valleys in momentum space. The inherent chiral optical selectivity allows exciting one of these valleys and close to 90% polarized emission at 4K is observed with 40% polarization remaining at 300K. The high polarization degree of the emission remains unchanged in transverse magnetic fields up to 9T indicating robust, selective valley excitation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Well-posedness and asymptotic behavior of a multidimensional model of morphogen transport
Creators: name: Małogrosz, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 35B40, 35Q92

description: Morphogen transport is a biological process, occurring in the tissue of living organisms, which is a determining step in cell differentiation. We present rigorous analysis of a simple model of this process, which is a system coupling parabolic PDE with ODE. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for both stationary and evolution problems. Moreover we show that the solution converges exponentially to the equilibrium in $C^1\times C^0$ topology. We prove all results for arbitrary dimension of the domain. Our results improve significantly previously known results for the same model in the case of one dimensional domain.
Challenges for Japanese universities' technology licensing offices: What technology transfer in the United States can tell us
Creators: name: Myers, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Commerce

description: American universities have been transferring their technology to industry since before World War II. This technology is now developed with the more than $35 Billion the universities receive annually from the Federal government and industry, with the latter providing less than 10% of the total. The universities annually receive in total more than $1 Billion in royalty payments, create hundreds of new start-up companies every year, and are the recipients of more than 3400 US patents. Most of the royalties are paid for biomedical and pharmaceutical ["bio" and "pharma"] research, with these funding companies usually insisting on and obtaining exclusive intellectual property [IP] rights. As a pure business model, this process is somewhat questionable for the universities, but the other benefits obtained by the universities and society more than compensate for the costs. This paper will address US technology transfer from the viewpoint of an industrial "customer" - IBM - and from the viewpoint of my consulting company that represents universities and companies in technology transfer. From this experience we will identify some challenges facing newly "privatized" Japanese universities and propose some suggestions to Japanese Technology Licensing Offices [TLO] for what we believe are "best practices" in technology transfer.
Random Feature Maps for Dot Product Kernels
Creators: name: Kar, Purushottam
name: Karnick, Harish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Approximating non-linear kernels using feature maps has gained a lot of interest in recent years due to applications in reducing training and testing times of SVM classifiers and other kernel based learning algorithms. We extend this line of work and present low distortion embeddings for dot product kernels into linear Euclidean spaces. We base our results on a classical result in harmonic analysis characterizing all dot product kernels and use it to define randomized feature maps into explicit low dimensional Euclidean spaces in which the native dot product provides an approximation to the dot product kernel with high confidence.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS 2012). This version corrects a minor error with Lemma 10. Acknowledgements : Devanshu Bhimwal
Nilpotent $p$-local finite groups
Creators: name: Cantarero, J.
name: Scherer, J.
name: Viruel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R35, 20D15 (Primary) 20D20, 20C20, 20N99 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we prove characterizations of $p$-nilpotency for fusion systems and $p$-local finite groups that are inspired by results in the literature for finite groups. In particular, we generalize criteria by Atiyah, Brunetti, Frobenius, Quillen, Stammbach and Tate.
description: 21 pages, no figures
The pharmacogenomics of vincristine-induced neurotoxicity in paediatric cancer patients with Wilms tumor or rhabdomyosarcoma
Creators: name: Loo, Tenneille
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Vincristine is one of the most effective and widely utilized antineoplastic agents. However, the clinical utility of this drug is limited by severely debilitating vincristineinduced neurotoxicities (VIN). Previous studies have associated VIN with genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in the metabolism and transportation of vincristine, including CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1. However, the findings of such studies have not been consistently reproduced. This study hypothesizes that there are specific variants in genes involved in general drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion, and toxicity (ADME-Tox) that affect the individual susceptibility to VIN in patients with Wilms tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma. Detailed clinical data was collected from 140 patients with Wilms tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma by retrospective chart review. VIN cases were characterized by type of neurotoxicity, and severity was evaluated using a validated clinical grading system for adverse events (NCI-CTCAE v4.03). A customized Illumina GoldenGate Panel was used to genotype 4,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes involved in the metabolism and transportation pathway of vincristine, as well as in genes broadly involved in ADME-Tox. None of the SNPs that were previously reported to be associated with VIN were found to be significantly associated (p-value < 0.05). With similar effect sizes, six novel genetic variants in five genes (PON1, ABCA4, ABCG1, CY51A1, SLCO1C1) were significantly associated with VIN in both tumor types. Whereas none of these genes have been previously associated with VIN or the biotransformation of vincristine, interestingly,the biological functions of the encoded proteins have been indirectly linked to nerve function, neuropathy, or neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, I hypothesize that the genetic basis of VIN is likely polygenic and that the six genes influence individual susceptibility to VIN by affecting: nerve regeneration (PON1, PPP1R9A), and cholesterol homeostasis and remyelination (ABCA4, ABCG1, CYP51A1), as well as the metabolism of vincristine (PON1, CYP51A1) and the transportation of lipids, vincristine, metabolites, or neuroprotectants (SLCO1C1, ABCA4, ABCG1). This study adds to the literature by identifying new potential biomarkers for VIN, providing novel hypotheses for the mechanisms underlying VIN susceptibility, and is a point of origin for replication studies.
$B_s \to ϕl^+ l^-$ decays in the topcolor-assisted technicolor model
Creators: name: Lü, Lin-Xia
name: Yang, Xing-Qiang
name: Wang, Zong-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the updated form factors within the light-cone QCD sum rule approach, we calculate the new physics contributions to rare semileptonic $\bar{B}_s \to ϕμ^+μ^-, ϕτ^+τ^-$ decays from the new particles appearing in the topcolor-assisted technicolor (TC2) model. In our evaluations, we find that: (i) the branching ratio, normalized forward-backward asymmetry and lepton polarization show highly sensitivity to charged top-pions contributions and little sensitivity to $Z'$ contributions. The TC2 enhancements to the branching ratios of these decays can reach a factor of $2 \sim 4$; (ii) the NP enhancement to the forward-backward asymmetry of the decay $B_s\to ϕμ^+μ^-$ is in the range -9% to 22%, but -10% to 0% for decay $B_s\to ϕτ^+τ^-$ compared to the SM predictions; (iii) the TC2 model provide an enhancement of more than 30% to the longitudinal polarization asymmetry $P_L$ for decay $B_s\to ϕμ^+μ^-$, but a decrease of about 20% to the transverse polarization asymmetry $P_T$ for the decay $B_s\to ϕτ^+τ^-$.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, figures changed, two references added
Analytic approach to the motion of cosmological phase transition fronts
Creators: name: Megevand, Ariel
name: Sanchez, Alejandro D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the motion of planar phase-transition fronts in first-order phase transitions of the Universe. We find the steady state wall velocity as a function of a friction coefficient and thermodynamical parameters, taking into account the different hydrodynamic modes of propagation. We obtain analytical approximations for the velocity by using the thin wall approximation and the bag equation of state. We compare our results to those of numerical calculations and discuss the range of validity of the approximations. We analyze the structure of the stationary solutions. Multiple solutions may exist for a given set of parameters, even after discarding non-physical ones. We discuss which of these will be realized in the phase transition as the stationary wall velocity. Finally, we discuss on the saturation of the friction at ultra-relativistic velocities and the existence of runaway solutions.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures. The title has changed. A discussion on the saturation of the friction and the possibility of runaway walls has been added
title: A Systematic Review on Functional Analysis of Noncompliance
Creators: name: Hurd, Alyssa
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Lack of following instructions is a common caregiver concern that can have adverse effects on the learner. Although certain behavioral assessments (i.e., functional analysis) are often employed for other forms of challenging behavior (e.g., aggression, property destruction) to determine why these behaviors are occurring (e.g., to gain attention, toys, or escape from instructions), these assessments are infrequently conducted to determine why a learner is not following instructions. Lack of following instructions is often hypothesized to be motivated by desire to escape from instructions. However, to date, no study has examined the prevalence of variables that motivate lack of following instructions or intervention outcomes despite their importance in informing intervention. Thus, the purpose of this review was to examine the published literature that assessed lack of following instructions to determine the prevalence of environmental variables that motivate lack of following instructions. Subsequently, we also aimed to examine the efficacy of interventions for increasing following instructions that were developed based on assessment results. Results indicate lack of following instructions was motivated by a desire to escape from instructions in half of the studies identified, and consequence-based interventions were more efficacious than antecedent-based interventions.
The statistics of triggered star formation: an overdensity of massive YSOs around Spitzer bubbles
Creators: name: Thompson, M. A.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Moore, T. J. T.
name: Morgan, L. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed statistical study of massive star formation in the environment of 322 Spitzer mid-infrared bubbles by using the RMS survey for massive Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). Using a combination of simple surface density plots and a more sophisticated angular cross-correlation function analysis we show that there is a statistically significant overdensity of RMS YSOs towards the bubbles. There is a clear peak in the surface density and angular cross-correlation function of YSOs projected against the rim of the bubbles. By investigating the autocorrelation function of the RMS YSOs we show that this is not due to intrinsic clustering of the RMS YSO sample. RMS YSOs and Spitzer bubbles are essentially uncorrelated with each other beyond a normalised angular distance of two bubble radii. The bubbles associated with RMS YSOs tend to be both smaller and thinner than those that are not associated with YSOs. We interpret this tendency to be due to an age effect, with YSOs being preferentially found around smaller and younger bubbles. We find no evidence to suggest that the YSOs associated with the bubbles are any more luminous than the rest of the RMS YSO population, which suggests that the triggering process does not produce a top heavy luminosity function or initial mass function. We suggest that it is likely that the YSOs were triggered by the expansion of the bubbles and estimate that the fraction of massive stars in the Milky Way formed by this process could be between 14 and 30%.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. This version incorporates minor suggestions by the referee. A version with higher resolution Figure 1 is available upon request
Analysis and design of printed leaky-wave antennas for broadside radiation
Creators: name: Sutinjo, Adrian Teguh
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 164-177
description: This thesis describes the analysis and design of two printed leaky-wave antennas (LWA) for broadside radiation. The first design consists of a microstrip transmission line with periodic radiating open stubs. While this type of antenna is not new, a diffrent design approach using t he leaky-wave concept is demonstrated. The advantage of t his approach is additional insight in the antenna radiation behavior through the leaky wavenumber information. A variation of this design, which is facilitated by the leaky-wave concept, is the introduction of reflective terminations in the LWA to attain partial control of t he antenna aperture illumination. Analyses and measurement examples for 50 D, open, and short terminations are described. In the enhances the broadside radiation of the printed antenna while keeping radiation at the horizon low. Alternatively, one may interpret this radiation mechanism through the periodic leaky-wave concept which again provides valuable insight. The details of the analysis, design, and measurement results are described in the thesis. process of the design and measurements of this design, some previously unknown aspects in the broadside LWA involving the beam-splitting condition for finite antenna lengths and measurement distance errors were discovered. These are explained and quantified in detail in the thesis. The second design involves a method to control the usually undesirable surface wave (SW) t hat is excited in the grounded dielectric substrate (GS) by printed antennas, such as printed microstrip patches, printed dipoles, and open stubs as described in the first design. This design makes use of a series of periodic metallic rings of scat terers arranged concentrically around the printed antenna. Though similar in idea to the holographic antenna, this design is an adaptation of t he surface wave based holographic antenna where the SW parameters are more applicable to printed antennas. This is achived by introducing dual phase-shifting metallic dipoles per periodic distance. Using this technique, the SW is re-radiated in such a way that enhances the broadside radiation of the printed antenna while keeping radiation at the horizon low. Alternatively, one may interpret this radiation mechanism through the periodic leaky-wave concept which again provides valuable insight. The details of the analysis, design, and measurement results are described in the thesis.
Air pollution and infant health: lessons from New Jersey
Creators: name: Currie, Janet M.
name: Neidell, Matthew J.
name: Schmieder, Johannes F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Public health

description: We examine the impact of three "criteria" air pollutants on infant health in New Jersey in the 1990s by combining information about mother's residential location from birth certificates with information from air quality monitors. Our work offers three important innovations: First, we use the exact addresses of mothers to select those closest to air monitors to improve the accuracy of air quality exposure. Second, we include maternal fixed effects to control for unobserved characteristics of mothers. Third, we examine interactions of air pollution with smoking and other risk factors for poor infant health outcomes. We find consistently negative effects of exposure to carbon monoxide, both during and after birth, with effects considerably larger for smokers and older mothers. Since automobiles are the main source of carbon monoxide emissions, our results have important implications for regulation of automobile emissions.
All-optical tuning of a quantum dot in a coupled cavity system
Creators: name: Bose, Ranojoy
name: Cai, Tao
name: Solomon, Glenn. S.
name: Waks, Edo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a method of tuning a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) onto resonance with a cavity mode all-optically. We use a system comprised of two evanescently coupled cavities containing a single QD. One resonance of the coupled cavity system is used to generate a cavity enhanced optical Stark shift, enabling the QD to be resonantly tuned to the other cavity mode. A twenty-seven fold increase in photon emission from the QD is measured when the off-resonant QD is Stark shifted into the cavity mode resonance, which is attributed to radiative enhancement of the QD. A maximum tuning of 0.06 nm is achieved for the QD at an incident power of 88 μW.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
The functions of pregnancy in the lives of British Columbia street involved young women in 2000
Creators: name: Callaghan, Stephanie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Street involved adolescents are 4 times more likely to become pregnant than at-home adolescents; they are less likely to seek out prenatal care due to a variety of reasons, resulting in a higher risk of pregnancy complications. Previous studies that examined the meanings, experiences and functions of pregnancy in the lives of street involved young women have been exploratory in nature, and focused on developing theory, not testing theory. This study was a secondary analysis was of the 2000 British Columbia Street Youth Survey from the McCreary Centre Society [N=238 girls ages 12-19 years, 36% ever pregnant], to test the functions of pregnancy in the lives of street-involved girls as first postulated by E. Saewyc in her 1999 study, and affirmed by others since. Age-adjusted regression analyses were performed to determine whether pregnancy experience was associated with participant responses to questions in the survey that could indicate reconnecting to family, maturing or settling down, stepping away from risk behaviours, opportunities for a new life, and access to health and social services; for significant relationships, further analyses were performed comparing the ever pregnant sample with the never pregnant sample to assess the prevalence of behaviours or mean ranks on attitudinal measures. Statistical analyses revealed few instances where the functions of pregnancy were supported within this Canadian sample; the only area was the ever-pregnant sample did show higher interest in receiving or having received drug/alcohol treatment. However, the inability of this study to support the original findings may be due to the limitations of performing a secondary analysis rather than the soundness of the theories themselves; post hoc power analyses indicated limited power for most specific analyses. Alternatively, perhaps pregnancy is a form of harm reduction,but once the child is born, the effects are gone. Further research to test the reasons for pregnancy among street-involved young women is needed. The six functions of pregnancy provide a testable theory for future research, but the study design may need to use the functions as the basis for developing more precise questions to collect data in a new sample.
Vernacular liminality in the ancrene wisse group
Creators: name: Stockden, Owen
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 106-112
description: In this thesis I argue that despite their seemingly strong alignment with Latinate traditions, there are grounds for perceiving in the early thirteenth-century anchoritic texts Ancrene Wisse, Hali Meiohad, and Seinte Katerine elements of Middle English vernacularity as described in critical writing such as the 1999 anthology The Idea of the Vernacular. I approach this issue by frrst establishing a theoretical and historical schema within which one may perceive the presence of a "vernacular ideology" in these works, and then proceed to analyse the individual instances of vernacularity they contain as evinced in, for instance, translations and subversions of the Latin socioliterary sphere. I argue in conclusion that these writings represent not only a unique, linguistically hybridised textuality, but that their vernacular elements create an unusual space of freedom for their female anchoritic readers and may offer us further insight into the spiritual practices of thirteenth-century anchoresses.
Putting e-commerce to work: The Japanese convenience store case
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
name: Islam, Mazhar U.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Japanese convenience stores (CVS) are exploiting e- and m-commerce solutions different from, but relevant to, US practices. Seven-Eleven Japan, Lawson, and FamilyMart âˆ’ three of the largest CVS âˆ’ base their fundamental business models on increasing store traffic. Japanese reluctance to make credit card payments over the Internet or via telephones opened the way for CVS to provide third-party payment services, which required substantial IT infrastructure. Now they are leveraging this investment. In doing so, they are following a different e-commerce B2C model than is typical in the United States. Their approach incorporates heavy dependence on IT-based alliances (e-retsu), a range of services and products, and telematics (coupling detailed database management with the use of smart cell phones and sophisticated in-car communication and guidance systems) rather than PCs. This business-to-consumer (B2C) model is relevant to markets and market segments possessing similar characteristics.
An investigation of the benefits of stress management within a cardiac rehabilitation population
Creators: name: Stevenson, Andrea
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 22-28
description: Research on whether stress management can improve clinical outcomes for patients in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has yielded equivocal findings. The present investigation retrospectively examined the incremental impact of exercise and stress management (n = 188), relative to exercise only (n = 1,389), on mental and physical health outcomes at 12-weeks in a CR population. Secondary analyses described the association between the change in CR patients' symptoms of depression or anxiety between baseline and 12-weeks and mental and physical health outcomes at one-year. Participation in stress management was uniquely associated with greater reductions in waist circumference and systolic blood pressure for patients with clinical elevations on these measures. Patients with improved depression and anxiety severity had higher mental quality of life scores and patients whose anxiety severity remained unchanged had higher functional capacity at one-year. These findings suggest that stress management may offer additional benefits over and above exercise in CR.
Structural Adjustment and Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Lopez, Ramon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This paper provides empirical evidence showing that the crowding out phenomenon is indeed relevant for most developing countries and evidence suggesting that under investment in public goods is in many countries a major distortion that at least in part explains the triple curse affecting the vast majority of the developing countries over recent decades: Slow growth, massive social inequities and poverty, and environmental destruction.
Seasonal melting and the formation of sedimentary rocks on Mars, with predictions for the Gale Crater mound
Creators: name: Kite, Edwin S.
name: Halevy, Itay
name: Kahre, Melinda A.
name: Wolff, Michael J.
name: Manga, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for the formation and distribution of sedimentary rocks on Mars is proposed. The rate-limiting step is supply of liquid water from seasonal melting of snow or ice. The model is run for a O(10^2) mbar pure CO2 atmosphere, dusty snow, and solar luminosity reduced by 23%. For these conditions snow only melts near the equator, and only when obliquity >40 degrees, eccentricity >0.12, and perihelion occurs near equinox. These requirements for melting are satisfied by 0.01-20% of the probability distribution of Mars' past spin-orbit parameters. Total melt production is sufficient to account for aqueous alteration of the sedimentary rocks. The pattern of seasonal snowmelt is integrated over all spin-orbit parameters and compared to the observed distribution of sedimentary rocks. The global distribution of snowmelt has maxima in Valles Marineris, Meridiani Planum and Gale Crater. These correspond to maxima in the sedimentary-rock distribution. Higher pressures and especially higher temperatures lead to melting over a broader range of spin-orbit parameters. The pattern of sedimentary rocks on Mars is most consistent with a Mars paleoclimate that only rarely produced enough meltwater to precipitate aqueous cements and indurate sediment. The results suggest intermittency of snowmelt and long globally-dry intervals, unfavorable for past life on Mars. This model makes testable predictions for the Mars Science Laboratory rover at Gale Crater. Gale Crater is predicted to be a hemispheric maximum for snowmelt on Mars.
description: Submitted to Icarus. Minor changes from submitted version