cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Latin hypercube sampling-based NSGA-III optimization model for multimode resource constrained time–cost–quality–safety trade-off in construction projects
Creators: name: Sharma, Kamal
name: Trivedi, Manoj Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Many researchers have paid significant amount of attention for the development of time-cost, time-cost-quality and time–cost–safety trade-off optimization models. However, there is still a need to integrate the quality and safety together in time–cost trade-off optimization. To fill this gap, considering the multimode activities in project, this paper presents a multimode resource-constrained time–cost–quality–safety trade-off optimization model. Besides, this study considered the limited availability of resources for each execution mode of activities. A population-based meta-heuristics approach the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA III) is employed to develop the model. Also, Latin hypercube sampling for population initialization, analytical hierarchy process for quality determination and fuzzy logic for safety parameters determination are used. A case study of building construction project is used to demonstrate the applicability of proposed model. Whereas, the measure of various performance metrics and comparisons with existing trade-off optimization models demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model in simultaneous optimization of four objectives. Moreover, a value path plot is prepared for the visualization of more than three objectives and a priori approach is presented to select one solution from obtained Pareto-optimal front.
Neutron-star Radius from a Population of Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Creators: name: Bose, Sukanta
name: Chakravarti, Kabir
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
name: Sathyaprakash, B. S.
name: Takami, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how gravitational-wave observations with advanced detectors of tens to several tens of neutron-star binaries can measure the neutron-star radius with an accuracy of several to a few percent, for mass and spatial distributions that are realistic, and with none of the sources located within 100 Mpc. We achieve such an accuracy by combining measurements of the total mass from the inspiral phase with those of the compactness from the postmerger oscillation frequencies. For estimating the measurement errors of these frequencies we utilize analytical fits to postmerger numerical-relativity waveforms in the time domain, obtained here for the first time, for four nuclear-physics equations of state and a couple of values for the mass. We further exploit quasi-universal relations to derive errors in compactness from those frequencies. Measuring the average radius to well within 10% is possible for a sample of 100 binaries distributed uniformly in volume between 100 and 300 Mpc, so long as the equation of state is not too soft or the binaries are not too heavy.
description: 9 pages and 7 figures
Latin hypercube sampling-based NSGA-III optimization model for multimode resource constrained time–cost–quality–safety trade-off in construction projects
Creators: name: Sharma, Kamal
name: Trivedi, Manoj Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Many researchers have paid significant amount of attention for the development of time-cost, time-cost-quality and time–cost–safety trade-off optimization models. However, there is still a need to integrate the quality and safety together in time–cost trade-off optimization. To fill this gap, considering the multimode activities in project, this paper presents a multimode resource-constrained time–cost–quality–safety trade-off optimization model. Besides, this study considered the limited availability of resources for each execution mode of activities. A population-based meta-heuristics approach the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA III) is employed to develop the model. Also, Latin hypercube sampling for population initialization, analytical hierarchy process for quality determination and fuzzy logic for safety parameters determination are used. A case study of building construction project is used to demonstrate the applicability of proposed model. Whereas, the measure of various performance metrics and comparisons with existing trade-off optimization models demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model in simultaneous optimization of four objectives. Moreover, a value path plot is prepared for the visualization of more than three objectives and a priori approach is presented to select one solution from obtained Pareto-optimal front.
More than Meets the (Artificial) Eye: Exploring Historical Photographs from Ireland with Computer Vision Methods
Creators: name: Osti, Giulia
name: Cushing, Amber
name: Little, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paper
Poster
Computer vision
artificial intelligence
historical photographs
GLAMs
socio-technical systems studies
artificial intelligence and machine learning
image processing and analysis
public humanities collaborations and methods
Communication studies
Computer science
History
Humanities computing

description: This poster presents the preliminary results from the first author's PhD research project, consisting of the early steps towards customising Computer Vision (CV) to work with features characterising historical photographs from Ireland.
Supersymmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone fermions with cubic dispersion
Creators: name: Sannomiya, Noriaki
name: Katsura, Hosho
name: Nakayama, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a lattice fermion model in one spatial dimension with supersymmetry (SUSY) but without particle number conservation. The Hamiltonian is defined as the anticommutator of two nilpotent supercharges $Q$ and $Q^\dagger$. Each supercharge is built solely from spinless fermion operators and depends on a parameter $g$. The system is strongly interacting for small $g$, and in the extreme limit $g=0$, the number of zero-energy ground states grows exponentially with the system size. By contrast, in the large-$g$ limit, the system is non-interacting and SUSY is broken spontaneously. We study the model for modest values of $g$ and show that under certain conditions spontaneous SUSY breaking occurs in both finite and infinite chains. We analyze the low-energy excitations both analytically and numerically. Our analysis suggests that the Nambu-Goldstone fermions accompanying the spontaneous SUSY breaking have cubic dispersion at low energies.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, v3: published version
Single-Frequency Microwave Imaging with Dynamic Metasurface Apertures
Creators: name: Sleasman, Timothy
name: Boyarsky, Michael
name: Imani, Mohammadreza F.
name: Fromenteze, Thomas
name: Gollub, Jonah N.
name: Smith, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional microwave imaging schemes, enabled by the ubiquity of coherent sources and detectors, have traditionally relied on frequency bandwidth to retrieve range information, while using mechanical or electronic beamsteering to obtain cross-range information. This approach has resulted in complex and expensive hardware when extended to large-scale systems requiring ultrawide bandwidth. Relying on bandwidth can create difficulties in calibration, alignment, and imaging of dispersive objects. We present an alternative approach using an electrically-large, dynamically reconfigurable, metasurface antenna that generates spatially-distinct radiation patterns as a function of tuning state. The metasurface antenna comprises a waveguide feeding an array of metamaterial radiators, each of whose properties can be modified by applying a voltage to a diode integrated into the element. By deploying two of these apertures, one as the transmitter and one as the receiver, we realize sufficient spatial diversity to alleviate the dependence on frequency bandwidth and obtain both range and cross-range information using measurements at a single frequency. We demonstrate the method experimentally, using one-dimensional dynamic metasurface apertures and reconstructing various two-dimensional scenes (range and cross-range). Furthermore, we modify a conventional microwave imaging technique---the range migration algorithm---to be compatible with such configurations, resulting in an imaging system that is fast and simple in both software and hardware. The imaging scheme presented in this paper has broad application to radio frequency imaging, including security screening, through-wall imaging, biomedical diagnostics, and synthetic aperture radar.
title: Neuausweisung der Klimaregionen Niedersachsens (Version 2.0)
Creators: name: Hajati, Mithra-Christin
name: Harders, Denise
name: Scharun, Christina
name: Elbracht, Jörg
name: Engel, Nicole
Publisher: name: Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie
Year: 2023

description: In diesem Geofakt wird die verwendete Methode zur Ermittlung der Klimaregionen Niedersachsens (Version 2.0) erläutert. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Überarbeitung der bisher verwendeten Klimaregionen, die unter anderem in der Klimawirkungsstudie 2019 verwendet wurden. Als Datengrundlage wurden 13 klimatische Parameter heran gezogen. Die Abgrenzung erfolgte auf Basis der k-Means-Methode. Als Resultat wurden fünf Klimaregionen für Niedersachsen abgegrenzt. Diese bilden im Vergleich zu den bisherig verwendeten Klimaregionen homogenere Räume auf breiter klimatischer Basis ab. Die Ergebnisse können herangezogen werden, um Auswertungen über Veränderungen klimatischer Parameter im Klimawandel durchzuführen. Die Klimaregionen wurden vom Nieder sächsischen Kompetenzzentrum Klimawandel (NIKO) des Niedersächsischen Ministeriums für Umwelt, Energie, Bauen und Klimaschutz (MU) in Kooperation mit dem Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) erstellt. Veröffentlicht sind die Ergebnisse im NIBIS®-Kartenserver. Das entwickelte R-Skript ist im Anhang beigefügt.
Co-creating the future through design-based education in innovation hubs
Creators: name: Joore, Peter
name: Björklund, Tua
name: Thong, Christine
name: Zancul, Eduardo
Publisher: name: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation
Year: 2022

description: Creativity and innovation have become prominent in higher education curricula. Applying a design paradigm has been frequently used to build innovative and creative skills in graduates across different discipline domains. Besides the design approach, another element that is important to increase innovation in organizations and society involves multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral cooperation. This observation triggered the establishment of the Aalto Design Factory in Finland in 2008, establishing an integrative, multidisciplinary education platform for design and experimentation. Offering vision, space, and courses focused on building capabilities to collaborate and innovate, Aalto Design Factory started sharing its reference model with other universities, supporting the establishment of other Design Factories worldwide. In 2022 the Design Factory Global Network (DFGN) included 37 co-creation platforms in 25 countries across the world. Sharing and learning from these experiences has become a crucial resource to develop DFGN operations further. One avenue where this takes place is a yearly meeting between the partners of the DFGN. In order to broaden the discussion beyond current Design Factories, as well as extend considerations from teaching and management to research, the first Design Factory Global Network Research Conference (DFGN.R) was piloted. In October 2022, 68 participants from 11 countries presented 22 studies at the first DFGN.R that took place at NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences in Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. This special issue presents five selected papers that were first discussed at the DFGN.R 2022. The studies approach innovation and education from complementary perspectives and methods. Most of the studies have been conducted at one of the Design Factory hubs, showcasing the range of collaborative activities that happen in these hubs to increase innovation capabilities. Taken together, these five papers from three different continents give a glimpse into the activities taking place in the various Design Factories around the world. They explore how new approaches to innovation and creativity in Higher Education can take place, through applying effectuation theory and social learning theory, featuring metaphors such as cooking and sailing to inspire co-creation in action. We hope that these experiences will inspire educators, researchers, students and organizations active in Design Factory’s and similar co-creation platforms, to continue experimenting with the design paradigm, by exploring approaches and skills towards innovation and creativity that are imperative to champion change.
description: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue "Future Innovators: building capabilities to collaborate and innovate in higher education settings"
Are you an Alien Organization? Dare to take the test!
Creators: name: VV., AA.
Publisher: name: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation
Year: 2022

description: Did you think the IdeaSquare innovation team has run out of things to think about? If so, you are wrong because this time the team explores alien civilizations!
description: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue "Future Innovators: building capabilities to collaborate and innovate in higher education settings"
Named Entity Recognition in Pre-modern Arabic Biographical Texts
Creators: name: Ishida, Yuri
name: Baba, Kensuke
name: Baba, Takahiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paper
Poster
Islamic Studies
Arabic
Prosopography
Named Entity Recognition
Natural Language Processing
artificial intelligence and machine learning
digital biography
personography
and prosopography
natural language processing
Asian studies
Computer science
History
Theology and religious studies

description: This study aims to extract people's names from pre-modern Arabic texts. The proposed dictionary-based model eliminates the influence of foreign words and extracts both first names and surnames from three selected corpora. It resolves two fundamental problems faced while performing Named Entity Recognition in Modern Standard Arabic studies.
MAKTABTABGACHA TA'LIM YO'NALISHIDA MILLIY VA HARAKATLI O'YINLARNI  O'TKAZISH USULLARI
Creators: name: Adizova, Muazzam
name: Aminov, Mels
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maktabgacha tayorlov yoshidagi bolalarning jismoniy tayyorgarligi milliy va xarakatli o‘yinlarni o‘tkazish texnologiyasiga bog‘liq, chunki ular  bu yoshdagi bolalar kun tartibida muhim o‘rin egallaydi.
Phenomenology of stochastic exponential growth
Creators: name: Pirjol, Dan
name: Jafarpour, Farshid
name: Iyer-Biswas, Srividya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stochastic exponential growth is observed in a variety of contexts, including molecular autocatalysis, nuclear fission, population growth, inflation of the universe, viral social media posts, and financial markets. Yet literature on modeling the phenomenology of these stochastic dynamics has predominantly focused on one model, Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM), which can be described as the solution of a Langevin equation with linear drift and linear multiplicative noise. Using recent experimental results on stochastic exponential growth of individual bacterial cell sizes, we motivate the need for a more general class of phenomenological models of stochastic exponential growth, which are consistent with the observation that the mean-rescaled distributions are approximately stationary at long times. We show that this behavior is not consistent with GBM, instead it is consistent with power law multiplicative noise with positive fractional powers. Therefore, we consider this general class of phenomenological models for stochastic exponential growth, provide analytical solutions, and identify the important dimensionless combination of model parameters which determines the shape of the mean-rescaled distribution. We also provide a prescription for robustly inferring model parameters from experimentally observed stochastic growth trajectories.
description: Physical Review E, 2017
Drag Reduction by Herringbone Riblet Texture in Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Channel Flow
Creators: name: Benschop, H. O. G.
name: Breugem, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A bird-feather-inspired herringbone riblet texture was investigated for turbulent drag reduction. The texture consists of blade riblets in a converging/diverging or herringbone pattern with spanwise wavelength $Λ_f$. The aim is to quantify the drag change for this texture as compared to a smooth wall and to study the underlying mechanisms. To that purpose, Direct Numerical Simulations of turbulent flow in a channel with height $L_z$ were performed. The FIK-identity for drag decomposition was extended to textured walls and was used to study the drag change mechanisms. For $Λ_f/L_z \gtrsim O(10)$, the herringbone texture behaves similarly to a conventional parallel-riblet texture in yaw: the suppression of turbulent advective transport results in a slight drag reduction of 2%. For $Λ_f/L_z \lesssim O(1)$, the drag increases strongly with a maximum of 73%. This is attributed to enhanced mean and turbulent advection, which results from the strong secondary flow that forms over regions of riblet convergence/divergence. Hence, the employment of convergent/divergent riblets in the texture seems to be detrimental to turbulent drag reduction.
Minimization of Visibly Pushdown Automata Using Partial Max-SAT
Creators: name: Heizmann, Matthias
name: Schilling, Christian
name: Tischner, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of state-space reduction for nondeterministic weakly-hierarchical visibly pushdown automata (VPA). VPA recognize a robust and algorithmically tractable fragment of context-free languages that is natural for modeling programs. We define an equivalence relation that is sufficient for language-preserving quotienting of VPA. Our definition allows to merge states that have different behavior, as long as they show the same behavior for reachable equivalent stacks. We encode the existence of such a relation as a Boolean partial maximum satisfiability (PMax-SAT) problem and present an algorithm that quickly finds satisfying assignments. These assignments are sub-optimal solutions to the PMax-SAT problem but can still lead to a significant reduction of states. We integrated our method in the automata-based software verifier Ultimate Automizer and show performance improvements on benchmarks from the software verification competition SV-COMP.
description: extended version
THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN IMPROVING THE COUNTRY'S INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Creators: name: Jo'rayev, O'ktam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan, together with the State Tax Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in agreement with the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the authorized body for the development of the securities market in the part related to securities, has the right to provide explanations on the procedure for applying the provisions of this article, including clarifications on the detailed clarification of certain turnovers.
MemoRekall-IIIF, an open source and versatile web application for video and digital document annotation
Creators: name: Hart, Jacob
name: Bardiot, Clarisse
name: Rouquet, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paper
Poster
annotation
multimodal
multimedia
open source
IIIF
data publishing projects
systems
and methods
digital archiving
digital art production and analysis
linked (open) data
Cultural studies
History
Humanities computing
Informatics

description: We present our ongoing effort to develop Rekall-IIIF, a platform that aims at providing an extensible software base for all communities in need for multimedia and multimodal annotation tools. It is modular, Open Source and built on the IIIF standard (https://iiif.io/).
Design-driven entrepreneurship: a cooking exercise to integrate effectuation and design thinking
Creators: name: James, Kevin
name: Iandoli, Luca
Publisher: name: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation
Year: 2022

description: This paper presents an experiential learning exercise to (a) Provide students with an effective analogy of the way entrepreneurs identify opportunities and solve problems in the development of new products, (b) Help them to reflect on the importance of defining a Creative Workflow in entrepreneurial endeavors, and (c) Encouraging students to practice Empathy. The proposed exercise is built on using cooking as a metaphor for design-driven innovation. The exercise design is grounded on effectuation, human-centered design, and pedagogic approaches relying on co-creation and prototyping (Aalto Design Factory, 2017). The exercise was created during the pandemic as part of a broader attempt to migrate an entrepreneurship course online. Since the course intensively used prototyping and design exercises, there was a need to find effective ways to transfer these teaching experiments to a virtual environment. The exercise was demoed to academic instructors during a virtual international conference on design-driven innovation. The experts’ feedback and reactions were collected through the video recording of the session and follow-up conversations. This paper will present the exercise in detail, lessons learned, and reflections extracted from the demo session.
description: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue "Future Innovators: building capabilities to collaborate and innovate in higher education settings"
Measurement of the $^{64}$Zn,$^{47}$Ti(n,p) Cross Sections using a DD Neutron Generator for Medical Isotope Studies
Creators: name: Voyles, Andrew
name: Basunia, M. S.
name: Batchelder, Jon
name: Bauer, Joseph
name: Becker, Tim
name: Bernstein, Lee
name: Matthews, Eric
name: Renne, Paul
name: Rutte, Daniel
name: Unzueta, Mauricio
name: van Bibber, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross sections for the $^{47}$Ti(n,p)$^{47}$Sc and $^{64}$Zn(n,p)$^{64}$Cu reactions have been measured for quasi-monoenergetic DD neutrons produced by the UC Berkeley High Flux Neutron Generator (HFNG). The HFNG is a compact neutron generator designed as a "flux-trap" that maximizes the probability that a neutron will interact with a sample loaded into a specific, central location. The study was motivated by interest in the production of $^{47}$Sc and $^{64}$Cu as emerging medical isotopes. The cross sections were measured in ratio to the $^{113}$In(n,n')$^{113m}$In and $^{115}$In(n,n')$^{115m}$In inelastic scattering reactions on co-irradiated indium samples. Post-irradiation counting using an HPGe and LEPS detectors allowed for cross section determination to within 5% uncertainty. The $^{64}$Zn(n,p)$^{64}$Cu cross section for 2.76$^{+0.01}_{-0.02}$ MeV neutrons is reported as 49.3 $\pm$ 2.6 mb (relative to $^{113}$In) or 46.4 $\pm$ 1.7 mb (relative to $^{115}$In), and the $^{47}$Ti(n,p)$^{47}$Sc cross section is reported as 26.26 $\pm$ 0.82 mb. The measured cross sections are found to be in good agreement with existing measured values but with lower uncertainty (< 5%), and also in agreement with theoretical values. This work highlights the utility of compact, flux-trap DD-based neutron sources for nuclear data measurements and potentially the production of radionuclides for medical applications.
description: 12 pages, submitted to NIM-B
Understanding engineering students' perceptions of their curiosity, diligence, and perseverance and assessing its impact on their creativity
Creators: name: Deo, Saurabh
name: Malge, Abhijeet
Publisher: name: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation
Year: 2022

description: Creativity has been among the most in-demand skills for many years. Previous studies have shown that being curious, hard-working, and persevering can significantly impact one's performance. This article is an exploratory study to understand engineering students' self-perception towards their own 1) Curiosity, 2) Diligence, and 3) Perseverance and how it affects their creativity. The research uses a well-curated study based on a survey, rubrics and statistics. The study found that curiosity has the highest potential to support creativity. However, it also has a rather intriguing relationship with diligence and perseverance. Awareness of the dynamic correlations between these three aspects can help educators design their pedagogical practices to support students to be more creative problem solvers.
description: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue "Future Innovators: building capabilities to collaborate and innovate in higher education settings"
Future-ready skills development through Experiential Learning: perceptions from students working in multidisciplinary teams
Creators: name: Figueiredo, Sara
name: Ganoo, Apurva
name: Eriksson, Vikki
name: Ekman, Kalevi
Publisher: name: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation
Year: 2022

description: This paper addresses the learning outcomes and student perceptions of the Aalto University PdP course, which promotes experiential learning and where multidisciplinary master student teams work on industry-based projects. These outcomes were collected through a questionnaire filled by students voluntarily, which focussed on what were the main competencies, where they were acquired and what was the core learning. The results highlight the significance of interpersonal skills, which formed the most significant category reported by students, and were perceived as critical for project success. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of the multifaceted role that prototyping plays in communication and sense-making.
description: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue "Future Innovators: building capabilities to collaborate and innovate in higher education settings"
Relaxation dynamics of two coherently coupled one-dimensional bosonic gases
Creators: name: Foini, Laura
name: Giamarchi, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of two tunnel coupled bosonic gases which are created from the coherent splitting of a one-dimensional gas. The consequences of the tunneling both in the non-stationary regime as well as at large time are investigated and compared with equilibrium results. In particular, within a semiclassical approximation, we compute correlation functions for the relative phase which are experimentally measurable and we observe a transient regime displaying oscillations as a function of the distance. The steady regime is very well approximated by a thermal state with a temperature independent of the tunneling strength.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Building team research targets and capacity in innovation hubs
Creators: name: Tan, Linus
name: Mesa, David
name: Thong, Christine
name: Mattila, Pauliina
name: Kocsis, Anita
name: Down, Aaron
name: Lodewyckx, Stefan
Publisher: name: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation
Year: 2022

description: This study describes how a multidisciplinary team at an Australian university’s innovation hub developed their research targets and capacity. The process through which research teams establish their research targets and strategies for achieving them is often tacit, which makes process sharing challenging. Referencing Situated Learning Theory (Brown et al., 1989) and using the Design and Development Research (DDR) framework (Richey and Klein, 2007) we document the process of how researchers negotiate to develop team research targets in this study. Our workshop data suggests that if researchers want to leverage the research abilities of others in their team, their targets must remain flexible. Additionally, a range of individual and organisation hinderers, barriers and enablers of conducting research were identified, that can inform practical actions to realise research strategy targets for innovation hubs.
description: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue "Future Innovators: building capabilities to collaborate and innovate in higher education settings"
Looking beyond your own speciality: student and faculty perceptions of collaboration opportunities
Creators: name: Feng, Xiaoqi
name: Björklund, Tua
Publisher: name: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation
Year: 2022

description: This study examines engineering faculty and students’ views of collaboration beyond their own field, based on 12 engineering faculty interviews and a survey with 101 mechanical engineering students. Our analysis shows that faculty members’ views on collaboration exhibit more diversity in terms of crossing disciplinary, functional, organisational, and geographic boundaries, and they view this collaboration as more integrated into engineering work, professional practices, and problem-solving. Students, in turn, report a narrower scope of collaboration, primarily focusing on multidisciplinary collaboration to utilise engineering output. Our study helps inform engineering educators to integrate diverse collaboration more effectively with course design.
description: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue "Future Innovators: building capabilities to collaborate and innovate in higher education settings"
BRS structure of Simple Model of Cosmological Constant and Cosmology
Creators: name: Mori, Taisaku
name: Nitta, Daisuke
name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In arXiv:1601.02203, a simple model has been proposed in order to solve one of the problems related with the cosmological constant. The model is given by a topological field theory and the model has an infinite numbers of the BRS symmetries. The BRS symmetries are, however, spontaneously broken in general. In this paper, we investigate the BRS symmetry in more details and show that there is one and only one BRS symmetry which is not broken and the unitarity can be guaranteed. In the model, the quantum problem of the vacuum energy, which may be identified with the cosmological constant, reduces to the classical problem of the initial condition. In this paper, we investigate the cosmology given by the model and specify the region of the initial conditions which could be consistent with the evolution of the universe. We also show that there is a stable solution describing the de Sitter space-time, which may explain the accelerating expansion in the current universe.
description: LaTeX 10 pages, 3 figures, the version to appear in Physical Review D
Die spätantiken Fundmünzen des Ostia-Forum-Projektes
Creators: name: Dorn, Alexander
Publisher: name: PhDAI. Reports of the Young Research Network
Year: 2022

description: Gegenstand des Dissertationsvorhabens wird die Analyse des Scheidegeldes sowie der geteilten Münzen in Hinblick auf das Verhältnis zu den anderen Metallen/Nominalen sein. Ziel ist es, eine Synthese zwischen der reinen numismatischen Analyse der Funde und ihrer wirtschaftlichen Interpretation sowie dem Grabungsbefund und seinem Stellenwert innerhalb der spätantiken Stadt – in diesem expliziten Fall des Forums von Ostia – herzustellen. Als Ausgangsbasis dazu soll das Material aus Ostia dienen: dafür müssen die Funde und Stratigraphie im TFR ausgewertet und mit dem TDV sowie weiteren Lokalitäten in und außerhalb Ostias verglichen werden.
description: PhDAI. Reports of the Young Research Network, Band 1 (2022)
Analysis and numerical approximation of energy-variational solutions to the Ericksen--Leslie equations
Creators: name: Lasarzik, Robert
name: Reiter, Maximilian E. V.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Existence
subject: liquid crystal
subject: Ericksen--Leslie
subject: energy-variational solutions
subject: numerical approximation
subject: unit-norm constraint
subject: mass-lumping
subject: finite element method
subject: 35A35
subject: 35Q35
subject: 65M60
subject: 76A15

description: We define the concept of energy-variational solutions for the Ericksen--Leslie equations in three spatial dimensions. This solution concept is finer than dissipative solutions and satisfies the weak-strong uniqueness property. For a certain choice of the regularity weight, the existence of energy-variational solutions implies the existence of measure-valued solutions and for a different choice, we construct an energy-variational solution with the help of an implementable, structure-inheriting space-time discretization. Computational studies are performed in order to provide some evidence of the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
POSITION OF BANKS IN FINANCING INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Creators: name: Jo'rayev, O'ktam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In the context of the introduction and development of innovations and information technologies in the banking system, an increase in the capitalization of commercial banks is of great practical importance for strengthening the liquidity and financial stability of banks. It is capitalization that helps to increase the resource potential of a company through additional attraction of direct and portfolio investments. For this reason, the volume of the financial market is very closely related to the level of capitalization.
Large Language Models and NER: better results with less work
Creators: name: Thalken, Rosamond Elizabeth
name: Wilkens, Matthew
name: Mimno, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paper
Poster
language models
text generation
book reviews
named entity recognition
artificial intelligence and machine learning
natural language processing
social media analysis and methods
text mining and analysis
Computer science
Library & information science
Media studies

description: Our work considers how new advances in pretrained text-to-text generation models might make named entity recognition more accurate, flexible, and streamlined for the digital humanist. We provide an example of how text-to-text generative models can identify mentions of characters, authors, and book names within Goodreads book reviews.
Resolving the era of river-forming climates on Mars using stratigraphic logs of river-deposit dimensions
Creators: name: Kite, Edwin S.
name: Howard, Alan D.
name: Lucas, Antoine
name: Lewis, Kevin W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: River deposits are one of the main lines of evidence that tell us that Mars once had a climate different from today, and so changes in river deposits with time tell us something about how Mars climate changed with time. In this study, we focus in on one sedimentary basin - Aeolis Dorsa - which contains an exceptionally high number of exceptionally well-preserved river deposits that appear to have formed over an interval of $>$0.5 Myr. We use changes in the river deposits' scale with stratigraphic elevation as a proxy for changes in river paleodischarge. Meander wavelengths tighten upwards and channel widths narrow upwards, and there is some evidence for a return to wide large-wavelength channels higher in the stratigraphy. Meander wavelength and channel width covary with stratigraphic elevation. The factor of 1.5-2 variations in paleochannel dimensions with stratigraphic elevation correspond to $\sim$2.6-fold variability in bank-forming discharge (using standard wavelength-discharge scalings and width-discharge scalings). Taken together with evidence from a marker bed for discharge variability at $\sim$10m stratigraphic distances, the variation in the scale of river deposits indicates that bank-forming discharge varied at both 10m stratigraphic (10$^2$ - 10$^6$ yr) and $\sim$100 m stratigraphic (10$^3$ - 10$^9$ yr) scales. Because these variations are correlated across the basin, they record a change in basin-scale forcing, rather than smaller-scale internal feedbacks. Changing sediment input leading to a change in characteristic slopes and/or drainage area could be responsible, and another possibility is changing climate ($\pm$50 W/m$^2$ in peak energy available for snow/ice melt).
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH ONYM  COMPONENTS
Creators: name: Ashurova, Zamira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article discusses the department of onomastics and phraseological units with onomastic components. This is given the components of onomastics which are anthroponyms, toponyms, zoonyms. Clearly, onomastic components were used in their direct meaning but later, it had figurative meaning being as a component of phraseological units.
A Bernstein–von-Mises theorem for the Calderón problem with piecewise constant conductivities
Creators: name: Bohr, Jan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Paper
Bayesian inverse problems
Calderón problem
severe ill-posedness

description: Funder: EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training
description: Funder: Munro–Greaves Bursary (Queens’ College Cambridge)
description: This note considers a finite dimensional statistical model for the Calderón problem with piecewise constant conductivities. In this setting it is shown that injectivity of the forward map and its linearisation suffice to prove the invertibility of the information operator, resulting in a Bernstein–von-Mises theorem and optimality guarantees for estimation by Bayesian posterior means.
Disassembling the Clockwork Mechanism
Creators: name: Craig, Nathaniel
name: Garcia, Isabel Garcia
name: Sutherland, Dave
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The clockwork mechanism is a means of naturally generating exponential hierarchies in theories without significant hierarchies among fundamental parameters. We emphasize the role of interactions in the clockwork mechanism, demonstrating that clockwork is an intrinsically abelian phenomenon precluded in non-abelian theories such as Yang-Mills, non-linear sigma models, and gravity. We also show that clockwork is not realized in extra-dimensional theories through purely geometric effects, but may be generated by appropriate localization of zero modes.
description: 30 pages plus appendices, 4 figures. v2: Clarifications, minor changes, and comment on 1705.10162 added. Conclusions unchanged
Appendix for: "Unsupervised methods–Clustering methods"
Creators: name: Bacher, Johann
name: Pöge, Andreas
name: Wenzig, Knut
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract of chapter “Unsupervised methods–Clustering methods” by Johann Bacher, Andreas Pöge, Knut Wenzig (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003025245-23, Fulltext: https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/57709) in “Handbook of Computational Social Science”, Volume 2: Data Science, Statistical Modelling, and Machine Learning Methods, edited by Uwe Engel, Anabel Quan-Haase, Sunny Xun Liu, Lars Lyberg (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003025245): The basic aim of all clustering methods is to assign objects to groups (clusters) according to similarities in their specific characteristics. The development of clustering methods has varied in intensity and innovation since the 1960s when they first became popular. Today, in the early 21st century, with huge advancements in computer capacity and capability, elaborate and computationally intensive methods have become the norm and the literature has exploded. Clustering methods are available in most statistical software packages, as well as in machine-learning software and data-mining packages. This chapter provides an overview of clustering methods and covers the following topics: (1) steps toward an appropriate cluster solution, (2) clustering methods, (3) criteria to determine the number of clusters, (4) methods to validate cluster solutions, (5) computer programs, (6) application, and (7) summary and recommendations. This appendix contains data and software described in this chapter.
Revisiting connotations of digital humanists: Exploration based on semi-structured interviews and survey
Creators: name: Ma, Rongqian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paper
Poster
Digital humanist
collective identity
semi-structured interview
survey
mixed-media analysis
rhetorical analysis
Library & information science

description: This poster revisits the connotations of the umbrella term "digital humanists" by positioning it in the rapidly developing field of digital humanities (DH). The wide participation in DH from scholars, researchers, and practitioners coming from various knowledge domains and fields provides a good opportunity to rethink if advances in digital technologies and cross-field collaboration practices have impacted research communities' collective understandings of "digital humanists," including what the term refers to and how the term shapes the dynamics of the DH field. Particularly, in this poster, I explore the reasons why and why not a researcher would self-identify as a digital humanist.
Plasmon modes of bilayer molybdenum disulfide: A density functional study
Creators: name: Torbatian, Zahra
name: Asgari, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the collective electronic excitations of bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) using the density functional theory together with the random phase approximation. The many-body dielectric function and electron energy-loss spectra are calculated using an {\it ab initio} based model involving material-realistic physical properties. The electron energy-loss function of bilayer MoS$_2$ system is found to be sensitive to either electron or hole doping and it is owing to the fact that the Kohn-Sham band dispersions are not symmetric for energies above and below the zero Fermi level. Three plasmon modes are predicted. A damped high-energy mode, one optical mode (in-phase mode) for which the plasmon dispersion exhibits $\sqrt q $ in the long wavelength limit originating from low-energy electron scattering and finally a highly damped acoustic mode (out-of-phase mode).
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, two figures are added
Research Data Management Policy of the collaborative research centre SFB 1280 "Extinction Learning"
Creators: name: Pacharra, Marlene
name: Winter, Nina Olivia Caroline
name: Kumsta, Robert
name: Uengoer, Metin
name: Caviola, Jaël Katharina
name: Ernst, Thomas M.
name: Reichert, Robert
name: Yavari, Fatemeh
name: Merz, Christian J.
name: Cheng, Sen
name: Linn, Sandra
name: Wolf, Oliver T.
name: Güntürkün, Onur
name: Otto, Tobias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: research data management
policy
research data policy
guidelines for handling research data
collaboration
interdisciplinary research
FAIR
good scientific practice
Open Science
DFG

description: In the collaborative research centre SFB 1280 "Extinction Learning" funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) we have investigated the fundamentals of extinction learning since 2017. Our 18 subprojects combine the latest neuroscientific, psychological, and medical methods at the Ruhr University Bochum, University of Duisburg-Essen, Leibniz Research Centre for Human Factors and Working Environment at the TU Dortmund, and University of Marburg. The Research Data Management Policy regulates the quality assurance, documentation (including metadata), organization, internal sharing, publication and archiving of research data in the SFB 1280. Moreover, the policy addresses ethical and legal constraints, data protection in our research and our efforts for Open Science. Thus, the policy increases the transparency of research workflows and simplifies collaboration between researchers, while guaranteeing that the research data meet uniform standards and the highest quality requirements. All project leaders of the SFB 1280 unanimously approved the policy at the general meeting in Cologne (Germany) at the end of September 2022.
description: The development of the Research Data Management Policy was carried out by the SFB 1280 INF project and SFB 1280 Data Management Board in close collaboration with all SFB researchers. SFB 1280 is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (German Research Foundation, project number: 316803389).
UK Digital Comics: Challenges and Opportunities of a Collaborative Doctoral Partnership. A Co-designed Comic Poster
Creators: name: Priego, Ernesto
name: Berube, Linda
name: de la Mora, Francisco
name: Cooke, Ian
name: Makri, Stephann
name: Wisdom, Stella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paper
Poster
comics
user-centred research
collaborative projects
digital reading
libraries
digital publishing projects
systems
and methods
electronic literature production and analysis
Interface design
development
and analysis
user experience design and analysis
Book and print history
Cultural studies
Design studies
Library & information science

description: This poster presents, in comics form, the perspectives of those involved in the Collaborative Doctoral Partnership 'Understanding UK digital comics information and publishing practices: From creation to consumption'. The poster aims to share insights into the challenges and opportunities of inter-institutional research and its collaborative methods.