cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First-Principle-Integrated Study of Blazar Synchrotron Radiation and Polarization Signatures from Magnetic Turbulence
Creators: name: Zhang, Haocheng
name: Marscher, Alan
name: Guo, Fan
name: Giannios, Dimitrios
name: Li, Xiaocan
name: Negro, Michela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazar emission is dominated by nonthermal radiation processes that are highly variable across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Turbulence, which can be a major source of nonthermal particle acceleration, can widely exist in the blazar emission region. The Turbulent Extreme Multi-Zone (TEMZ) model has been widely used to describe turbulent radiation signatures. Recent particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have also revealed the stochastic nature of the turbulent emission region and particle acceleration therein. However, radiation signatures have not been systematically studied via first-principle-integrated simulations. In this paper, we perform combined PIC and polarized radiative transfer simulations to study synchrotron emission from magnetic turbulence in the blazar emission region. We find that the multi-wavelength flux and polarization are generally characterized by stochastic patterns. Specifically, the variability time scale and average polarization degree (PD) are governed by the correlation length of the turbulence. Interestingly, magnetic turbulence can result in polarization angle (PA) swings with arbitrary amplitudes and duration, in either directions, that are not associated to changes in flux or PD. Surprisingly, these swings, which are of stochastic nature, can appear either bumpy or smooth, although large amplitude swings ($>180^{\circ}$) are very rare as expected. Our radiation and polarization signatures from first-principle-integrated simulations are consistent with the TEMZ model.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures, accepted by ApJ
International Choice of Law in Trademark Disputes From a Territorial Approach to a Global Approach
Creators: name: Treppoz, Edouard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Law and economics
subject: Jurisdiction
subject: Lex fori
subject: Trademarks (International law)--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: It has been observed that international choice of law in trademark disputes reveals a tension between law and economics. From an economic perspective, marks can be exploited on a worldwide scale, and their value may be based on the global market. From a legal perspective, however, the rules are less than uniform. Law does not recognize one worldwide mark. Many trademarks are granted on a local basis, within local protective regimes that are independent of one another. Although the market has become global, the legal protection remains local. This tension has increased with the advent of the Internet. First, the universal access technology provides seems to reduce the relevance of a territorial approach and increase the need for a global economic approach. Second, the Internet has contributed to the creation of certain globally powerful companies. Those companies use, and benefit from, the universality of technology to make services available all over the world. From a technology-oriented point of view, the localized protection of trademark seems parochial. It is likely that the modern world requires a shift from local to international trademark protection. Such a shift will not happen quickly. Intellectual property generally and trademark in particular are viewed as means of regulating markets, and the geographic scope of markets has historically been smaller than it is today. Regulation was therefore local and territorial. It was the creation of a single European market that allowed regulators to overcome the principle of territoriality. In this context, one key advancement was the principle of free movement of goods, creating a regional exhaustion of intellectual property rights.
Interchange Reconnection Alfven Wave Generation
Creators: name: Lynch, B. J.
name: Edmondson, J. K.
name: Li, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given recent observational results of interchange reconnection processes in the solar corona and the theoretical development of the S-Web model for the slow solar wind, we extend the analysis of the 3D MHD simulation of interchange reconnection by Edmondson et al. (Astrophys. J. 707, 1427, 2009). Specifically, we analyze the consequences of the dynamic streamer-belt jump that corresponds to flux opening by interchange reconnection. Information about the magnetic field restructuring by interchange reconnection is carried throughout the system by Alfven waves propagating away from the reconnection region, distributing the shear and twist imparted by the driving flows, including shedding the injected stress-energy and accumulated magnetic helicity along newly open fieldlines. We quantify the properties of the reconnection-generated wave activity in the simulation. There is a localized high-frequency component associated with the current sheet/reconnection site and an extended low-frequency component associated with the large-scale torsional Alfven wave generated from the interchange reconnection field restructuring. The characteristic wavelengths of the torsional Alfven wave reflect the spatial size of the energized bipolar flux region. Lastly, we discuss avenues of future research by modeling these interchange reconnection-driven waves and investigating their observational signatures.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Internet Service Provider Liability: Imposing a Higher Duty of Care
Creators: name: Larson, Wendy C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Products liability
subject: Trademarks--Law and legislation
subject: Online information services
subject: Internet
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Today’s Internet is exploding with creativity and innovation, and it has spurred new markets and industries in an unprecedented period of time. Such progress is inevitably accompanied by intellectual property rights violations, particularly as the law struggles to keep pace with the exponential growth in technology. Moreover, online actors are becoming increasingly skilled at hiding their identities to evade responsibility. The service providers that these actors employ to host their Web sites, auction their domain names, provide their advertising content, process their payments, promote their businesses—and even hide their identities—have limited exposure to liability for their customers’ actions. As a consequence, service providers have little incentive to cooperate with brand owners or to voluntarily identify trademark violations. In fact, such cooperation or voluntary participation may place service providers at a competitive disadvantage. Law and practice should be revised to create incentives for service providers to work with brand owners to effect the primary purpose of trademark law: preventing consumer confusion. This Article identifies the types of online services most often involved in trademark violations. It provides a brief review of the current statutory framework and the evolution of the common law concerning liability of online service providers. Borrowing from the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and traditional tort concepts, this Article explores avenues for legislative change and the best practices to address the issues. Requiring a higher duty of care from online service providers will help minimize consumer confusion, protect brand owners and provide a more authentic online consumer experience. It will incentivize innovation and help to promote fair competition among service providers.
title: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF RED SEAWEED EXTRACTS
Creators: name: YANG, YINGYING
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2020

description: Red seaweeds are reported to represent the largest group of algae, with more species accounted for than the combination of brown and green seaweeds. Due to the high amount of polysaccharides in red seaweeds, they are mainly utilized for commercial agar and carrageenan production in industry. However, increasing studies indicate other valuable compounds such as lipids and polyphenols could be potential utilized for multiple human needs (e.g., drug development) (1, 2). With increasing studies demonstrating the potential health benefits of seaweed components, two red seaweed species commonly consumed in Asia, hong qı´ lı´n c a`i (HQL), Eucheuma sp and zhe` gu¯ ca`i (ZGC), Caloglossa leprieurii, were investigated on to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of their extractable lipophilic bioactives (ELB) and bound lipophilic bioactives (BLB) in lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The chemical composition of ELB and BLB was characterized in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and etc. Six phenolic compounds were identified in ZGC extracts and one was detected in HQL. All extracts inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced macrophages, which was associated with downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression and up-regulation of HQ-1 and NQO1 protein expression. Overall, our results showed that both ELB and BLB in HQL and ZGC seaweeds presented potential anti-inflammatory activities. These results warrant future investigations to determine the mode of actions of red seaweed bioactives and their efficacy in humans.
title: Shaping light in 3d space by counter-propagation
Creators: name: Droop, Ramon
name: Asché, Eric
name: Otte, Eileen
name: Denz, Cornelia
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics

description: We extend the established transverse customization of light, in particular, amplitude, phase, and polarization modulation of the light field, and its analysis by the third, longitudinal spatial dimension, enabling the visualization of longitudinal structures in sub-wavelength (nm) range. To achieve this high-precision and three-dimensional beam shaping and detection, we propose an approach based on precise variation of indices in the superposition of higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams and cylindrical vector beams in a counter-propagation scheme. The superposition is analyzed experimentally by digital, holographic counter-propagation leading to stable, reversible and precise scanning of the light volume. Our findings show tailored amplitude, phase and polarization structures, adaptable in 3D space by mode indices, including sub-wavelength structural changes upon propagation, which will be of interest for advanced material machining and optical trapping.
description: Finanziert über die DEAL-Vereinbarung mit Wiley 2019-2022.
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1940-10)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765
subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
title: Des deutschen Reiches Ströme; [1848]
title: (Als Manuscript gedruckt im Auftrage des Ausschusses für Volkswirthschaft) Frankfurt a. M., den 20. Juni 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hübbe, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel. - In Fraktur
Viscosity ratio across interfaces controls the stability and self-assembly of microrollers
Creators: name: Delmotte, Blaise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the individual and collective dynamics of torque-driven particles, called microrollers, near fluid-fluid interfaces. We find that the viscosity ratio across the interface controls the speed and direction of the particles, their relative motion, the growth of a fingering instability, and the self-assembled motile structures that emerge from it. By combining theory and large scale numerical simulations, we show how the viscosity ratio across the interface governs the long-range hydrodynamic interactions between particles and thus their collective behavior.
Romance and the ozone layer: panel evidence on green behavior in couples
Creators: name: Köbrich León, Anja
name: Schobin, Janosch
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: similarity
subject: environmental behavior
subject: couples
subject: life-cycle perspective
subject: UKHLS
subject: 300
subject: 330
subject: Umweltbewusstsein
subject: Lebensereignis
subject: Partnerschaft
subject: Verhaltensanpassung

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Non-local (but also non-singular) physics at the last stages of gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Saini, Anshul
name: Stojkovic, Dejan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the end stages of gravitational collapse of the thin shell of matter in ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. We use the functional Schrodinger formalism to capture quantum effects in the near singularity limit. We find that that the equations of motion which govern the behavior of the collapsing shell near the classical singularity become strongly non-local. This reinforces previous arguments that quantum gravity in the strong field regime might be non-local. We managed to solve the non-local equation of motion for the dust shell case, and found an explicit form of the wavefunction describing the collapsing shell. This wavefunction and the corresponding probability density are non-singular at the origin, thus indicating that quantization should be able to rid gravity of singularities, just as it was the case with the singular Coulomb potential.
description: Published in Phys. Rev. D 89, 044003 (2014)
title: Effects of Berberine on Development in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Qian, Zhuojia
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2020

description: Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in some plants and has many bioactivities including anti-microbial, lipid- and glucose-lowering, anti-cancer, anti-inﬂammatory, etc. However, there is limited knowledge about berberine’s effects on development and locomotive activity. Herein, in vivo studies were conducted to determine these effects of berberine using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. Treatment of berberine at 50 μM starting at L1 stage significantly retarded the growth rate of nematodes, and reduced the length, width and moving speed of worms by 19%, 12% and 29%, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, triglycerides (TG) and protein content in worms was reduced by 23% and 28%, respectively, after berberine treatment from L1 stage compared with the control group. However, no significance was observed when berberine was treated from young adult stage. These findings suggest that berberine has effects on development in C. elegans.
CITIZEN KANE, com o Mundo a Seus Pés
Creators: name: Gil, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Visual cultures

description: Citizen Kane, a obra-prima e primeira obra de Orson Welles no mundo do cinema, conta-nos a história do magnata Charles Foster Kane na sua perseguição do sonho, numa tentativa de preencher um vazio insondável que vai crescendo debaixo do peso do mundo que tenta controlar, e que, eventualmente, o abandona e destrói.
Das Geophysical Journal International im Kontext aktueller Openness-Debatten
Creators: name: Hübner, Andreas
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 550
subject: FID-GEO-DE-7

description: Dieser Beitrag erklärt, wo die Fachzeitschrift Geophysical Journal International (GJI) in Bezug auf Open Access und offene Forschungsdaten steht. GJI wird gemeinsam von der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (DGG) und der Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) beim Verlag Oxford University Press (OUP) herausgegeben.
description: report
Splitting probabilities for dynamics in corrugated channels: passive VS active Brownian motion
Creators: name: Malgaretti, P.
name: Nizkaia, T.
name: Oshanin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many practically important problems which rely on particles' transport in realistic corrugated channels, one is interested to know the probability that either of the extremities, (e.g., the one containing a chemically active site, or connected to a broader channel), is reached before the other one. In mathematical literature, the latter are called the "splitting" probabilities (SPs). Here, within the Fick-Jacobs approach, we study analytically the SPs as functions of system's parameters for dynamics in three-dimensional corrugated channels, confronting standard diffusion and active Brownian motion. Our analysis reveals some similarities in the behavior and also some markedly different features, which can be seen as fingerprints of the activity of particles.
Brahms, Developing Variation, and the Schoenberg Critical Tradition
Creators: name: Frisch, Walter M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: Music

description: Although Arnold Schoenberg discussed developing variation only sporadically in his critical writings, he clearly considered it one of the most important compositional principles of Western music from the common-practice era to his own day. This essay examines Schoenberg's remarks on this compositional principle and includes a discussion of developing variation in relation to the work of Johannes Brahams.
Topological bifurcations in a model society of reasonable contrarians
Creators: name: Bagnoli, Franco
name: Rechtman, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: People are often divided into conformists and contrarians, the former tending to align to the majority opinion in their neighborhood and the latter tending to disagree with that majority. In practice, however, the contrarian tendency is rarely followed when there is an overwhelming majority with a given opinion, which denotes a social norm. Such reasonable contrarian behavior is often considered a mark of independent thought, and can be a useful strategy in financial markets. We present the opinion dynamics of a society of reasonable contrarian agents. The model is a cellular automaton of Ising type, with antiferromagnetic pair interactions modeling contrarianism and plaquette terms modeling social norms. We introduce the entropy of the collective variable as a way of comparing deterministic (mean-field) and probabilistic (simulations) bifurcation diagrams. In the mean field approximation the model exhibits bifurcations and a chaotic phase, interpreted as coherent oscillations of the whole society. However, in a one-dimensional spatial arrangement one observes incoherent oscillations and a constant average. In simulations on Watts-Strogatz networks with a small-world effect the mean field behavior is recovered, with a bifurcation diagram that resembles the mean-field one, but using the rewiring probability as the control parameter. Similar bifurcation diagrams are found for scale free networks, and we are able to compute an effective connectivity for such networks.
Secondary Liability for Trademark Infringement on the Internet: The Situation in Germany and Throughout the EU
Creators: name: Kur, Annette
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Intellectual property
subject: Copyright
subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Internet
subject: Liability (Law)
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: It is a safe assumption that every one of the twenty-eight EU Member States has some form of secondary liability principles within its general tort law. Traditionally, tort law principles require an element of deliberate contribution to, and therefore positive knowledge of, another person’s action. They are therefore of limited value for situations like Internet infringement, because the contributor is typically unaware of persons committing concrete acts of infringement. When the contributor merely provides the technical infrastructure that is used by an anonymous crowd for legitimate as well as illegitimate purposes, the “deliberate contribution” or “positive knowledge” element is difficult to prove. The general principles of tort law are not harmonized within Europe. However, regarding Internet services that may be misused for unlawful acts (including, but not limited to, intellectual property infringement), the E-Commerce Directive has created a legal framework for exemptions from liability (the safe harbor). In that regard, the E-Commerce Directive is the European equivalent of the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), with the notable distinction that the E- Commerce Directive applies horizontally, thus encompassing trademark infringement.
title: Taking stock of the field of populism research: Are ideational approaches ‘moralistic’ and postfoundational discursive approaches ‘normative’?
Creators: name: Kim, Seongcheol
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cas Mudde
subject: discourse
subject: Ernesto Laclau
subject: ideology
subject: populism
subject: 320
subject: Mudde, Cas
subject: Laclau, Ernesto
subject: Diskurs
subject: Populismus
subject: Ideologie

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СХЕМА ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СУХИХ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ ДЛЯ ТЕПЛОИЗОЛЯЦИИ СТЕН В КОЛОДЦЕВОЙ КЛАДКЕ
Creators: name: Абдуллаев Икрамжон Аминжанович ассистент кафедры гражданского строительства, Андижанского Института экономики и строительства.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Сегодня в Республике Узбекистан развита строительная отрасль,повышенное внимание уделяется сухим строительным смесям, которые могут внести значительный вклад.
В  этой статье речь идет о технологической схеме производства сухих строительных смесей для теплоизоляции стен в колодцевой кладке
Ключевые слова:
 минеральные вяжущие, добавки, сухие смеси, технология производства,
кладочный раствор
, облицовочный раствор
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1940-11)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741
subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
Principled Standards vs. Boundless Discretion: A Tale of Two Approaches to Intermediary Trademark Liability Online
Creators: name: Dogan, Stacey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trademarks--Law and legislation
subject: Liability (Law)
subject: Internet
subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: Over the past decade, courts have developed two distinct approaches in evaluating trademark claims against online intermediaries. The first and most common method frames the issue as one of secondary liability: should the intermediary face liability for wrongdoing committed by its advertisers, subscribers, or other users of its services? In this approach, courts struggle with the tension between preserving legitimate, non-infringing uses of technologies on the one hand, and minimizing infringement on the other. While no clear doctrinal consensus has formed, courts are converging on a framework centered on specific knowledge, reasonable response and inducement—principles derived from trademark law but mirroring their counterparts in copyright. At the same time, some opinions have suggested a different form of trademark liability focused on the intermediary’s choices in designing services that use—or allow others to use—trademarks in various ways. Though branded as direct trademark infringement, the doctrine bears little resemblance to historical direct infringement law. Instead, it resembles a roving unfair competition law, leaving discretion with the fact finder to assess the intermediary’s culpability in enabling confusion. Because the likelihood-of-confusion factors map poorly onto such an inquiry, this form of direct infringement has no clear doctrinal framework. Nor have courts articulated a coherent normative vision to guide lower courts in shaping and applying the law. Most troubling, the scant case law has paid little attention to issues at the core of secondary liability analysis—namely, the need to strike a balance between infringing and non-infringing uses, and the worry that liability might threaten legitimate uses of trademarks that enhance competition and increase consumer choice.
Investigating Quantum Speedups through Numerical Simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Shannon
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2017
Subjects: Physics
physics
quantum semidefinite programming
quantum speedups
quantum computing

description: It has been recently noted in a paper by Brandao et al. that the structure of a linear program in a classical semidefinite programming algorithm lends itself to quantization, such that the classical algorithm may experience a quantum speedup if the step of solving a linear program is replaced with the preparation of a Gibbs state of classical Hamiltonian on a quantum computer, where the Hamiltonian is given by a linear combination of the semidefinite program's constraint matrices. The quantum speedup would be exponential if the complexity of the Gibbs sampler used to execute the update step is polynomial in system size. The Gibbs samplers with explicitly defined runtimes are exponential in system size; however, while the quantum Metropolis sampling algorithm by Temme et al. does not have a runtime bounded explicitly in system size, the algorithm heuristically runs in polylogarithmic time. Since the inverse spectral gap of the quantum Metropolis map varies inversely with the running time of the algorithm, we simulate the behavior of the quantum Metropolis map's spectral gap as a function of system size and row sparsity. We also examine how different definitions of fixed row sparsity affect the spectral gap's behavior when the system size is increased linearly. While more numerical evidence is needed to draw a definitive conclusion, the current results appear to indicate that for system sizes ranging from three to ten qubits, if fixed row sparsity is defined as a fixed polynomial function of the system size, then the quantum Metropolis spectral gap behaves as a polynomial function of system size.
title: In-vitro Propagation and Fish Assessments to Inform Restoration of Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta Heterodon)
Creators: name: Ryan, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2020

description: The dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) is a federally endangered freshwater mussel that once ranged from New Brunswick to North Carolina, but now only exists in isolated populations throughout its diminished range. Laboratory propagation in conjunction with augmentation or reintroduction is considered a critical component of dwarf wedgemussel restoration. My thesis aimed to I) develop in-vitro propagation techniques including methods to minimize microbial contamination for two Alasmidonta species and II) compile and assess critical fish assemblage information at existing dwarf wedgemussel presence and absence locations to inform future restoration activities. For the first objective (Chapter 2) I assessed three methods of contamination mitigation (media change frequency, concentration of the antifungal Amphotericin B, and method of antifungal replenishment). Across all experiments, higher levels of contamination severity had a negative impact on transformation success. In my experiments, dishes that had media changes every other day (vs. those changed daily and every 3 days) had the highest contamination and the lowest glochidia transformation success. Treatments with the lowest (0 µg/mL) concentration of the antifungal, Amphotericin B, and got a low-dose replenishment of Amphotericin B (vs frequent media changes) had the highest transformation success. The fungus was identified as Candida parapsilosis, a common fungus found in aquatic and human environments; future propagation efforts should use mitigation methods that are specific to the fungal contaminant. In the assessment of host fish near dwarf wedgemussel locations (Chapter 3), two fish repeatedly emerged as indicators of dwarf wedgemussel occurrence and abundance: the tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedi) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Tessellated darter was positively related to dwarf wedgemussel which supports the importance of tessellated darter as a host fish in the wild. The negative relationship between dwarf wedgemussel and brown trout may indicate a difference in habitat between the species or brown trout’s predation upon wild hosts. Results from this project will be used in conjunction with habitat and genetic information to inform future restoration plans in the northeast and add to the growing body of literature on in-vitro propagation of freshwater mussels.
Secondary Liability for Online Trademark Infringement: The International Landscape
Creators: name: Dinwoodie, Graeme B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Intellectual property (International law)
subject: Internet
subject: Liability (Law)
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: In U.S. law, the expression “secondary liability” is an umbrella term encompassing a number of different types of trademark infringement claims, but its essential meaning is that liability does not turn on the defendant itself using the plaintiff’s mark. Rather, in such cases, the defendant is held responsible for the infringements occasioned by a third party’s use of the plaintiff’s mark. Trademark owners might strategically prefer to bring a secondary liability claim instead of suing the third party infringer. A secondary infringement action may increase efficiency by allowing the mark owner to secure, in a single proceeding, relief against a party whose conduct is simultaneously enabling multiple acts of infringement by a number of primary infringers.
Mass loss in main-sequence B stars
Creators: name: Krticka, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate radiatively driven wind models of main-sequence B stars and provide the wind mass-loss rates and terminal velocities. The main-sequence mass-loss rate strongly depends on the stellar effective temperature. For the hottest B stars the mass-loss rate amounts to $10^{-9}\,\text{M}_\odot\,\text{year}^{-1}$, while for the cooler ones themass-loss rate is lower by more than three orders of magnitude. Main-sequence B stars with solar abundance and effective temperatures lower than about$15\,000\,\text{K}$ (later than spectral type B5) do not have any homogeneous line-driven wind. We predict the wind mass-loss rates for the solar chemical composition and for the modified abundance of heavier elements to study the winds of chemically peculiar stars. The mass-loss rate may either increase or decrease with increasing abundance, depending on the importance of the induced emergent flux redistribution. Stars with overabundant silicon may have homogeneous winds even below the solar abundance wind limit at $15\,000\,\text{K}$. The winds of main-sequence B stars lie below the static limit, that is, a static atmosphere solution is also possible. This points to an important problem regarding the initiation of these winds. We discuss the implications of our models for rotational braking, filling the magnetosphere of Bp stars, and for chemically peculiar stars.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Astronomy&Astrophysics, in press, discussion extended and languange corrections included
Neutrino phenomenology, W mass anomaly & muon $(g-2)$ in minimal type-III seesaw using $T^\prime$ modular symmetry
Creators: name: Mishra, Priya
name: Behera, Mitesh Kumar
name: Mohanta, Rukmani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we attempt to introduce a model to illustrate neutrino phenomenology by incorporating two right-handed fermion triplet superfields, i.e., $Σ_{R_j}$, in the presence of the modular symmetry $Γ_3^\prime \simeq A_4^\prime$, a double cover of the $A_4$ modular symmetry. The motivation in utilizing double cover is, so far only even modular forms were considered for constructing modular invariant models, but, in this case, it is possible to extend the modular invariance approach to general integral weight modular forms, i.e., the odd weight modular forms. Hence, this type of amalgamation between $T^\prime$ modular symmetry and minimally extending the seesaw can correctly explain the neutrino phenomenology. Additionally, we have made an attempt to accommodate the most recent measurement of the $W$ boson mass, published by the CDF-II collaboration and shed some light on the recent results of muon $(g-2)$. Finally, we have discussed lepton flavor violation in order to establish a constraint on the mass of right-handed fermion.
description: 26 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables
On the relaxation towards equilibrium in an isolated strongly correlated 1D Bose gas
Creators: name: Schmitteckert, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the time evolution of soft core bosons on a one-dimensional lattice, where the particles are initially quenched into a atomic density wave. At time $t=0$ the particles are released from the quench and can evolve under the dynamics of a soft-core Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian on a lattice including a confining trap.
description: 4 pages, 6 Figures
Radiative forces on macroscopic porous bodies in protoplanetary disks: laboratory experiments
Creators: name: Duermann, Christoph
name: Wurm, Gerhard
name: Kuepper, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In optically thin parts of protoplanetary disks photophoresis is a significant force not just for dust grains, but also for macroscopic bodies. The absolute strength on the supposedly highly porous objects is not known in detail as yet. We set up a low pressure torsion balance and studied photophoretic forces. We investigated the dependence on plate dimensions and on ambient pressure and considered the influence of channels through the plates. As samples for full (no channel) plates we used tissue with 2mm thickness and circular shape with diameters of 10mm, 30mm and 50mm. The influence of channels was probed on rectangular-shaped circuit boards of 35mm x 35mm area and 1.5mm thickness. The number of channels was 169 and 352. At low pressure, the absolute photophoretic force is proportional to the cross section of the plates. At high pressure, gas flow through the channels enhances the photophoretic force. The pressure dependence of the radiative force can (formally) be calculated by photophoresis on particles with a characteristic length. We derived two characteristic length scales l depending on the plate radius r_1, the channel radius r_2, and the thickness of the plate which equals the length of the channel d as l=r^{0.35} x d^{0.65}. The highest force is found at a pressure p_max = 15 x l^{-1}Pa mm. In total, the photophoretic force on a plate with channels can be well described by a superposition of the two components: photophoresis due to the overall size and cross section of the plate and photophoresis due to the channels, both with their characteristic pressure dependencies. We applied these results to the transport of large solids in protoplanetary disks and found that the influence of porosity on the photophoretic force can reverse the inward drift of large solids, for instance meter-sized bodies, and push them outward within the optically thin parts of the disk.
description: Accepted by A&A
Secondary Liability for Trademark Infringement Online: Legislation and Judicial Decisions in China
Creators: name: Ying, Du
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Electronic commerce
subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Renminbi (RMB)
subject: Internet service providers--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Internet--Law and legislation
subject: Intellectual property (International law)
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: Secondary liability in China for trademark infringement online can be best understood in the context of the three periods of e-commerce development that took place in the country. During the embryonic stage (1999 to 2002), there were very few netizens and online business operators, and a number of enterprises, including 8848—China’s e-commerce enterprise flagship—rose but then quickly fell. In the rising phase (2003 to 2007) that followed, small and medium-sized e-commerce platforms like Alibaba—an e-commerce company that eventually established Taobao.com and other businesses—began to make profits and a number of e-commerce providers, including E-Commerce China Dangdang and EachNet, rose rapidly. Throughout this period, the number of online vendors increased from 4 million to 35.5 million. An e-commerce boom began in 2008, and Alibaba, NetSun, Suning Appliance Company, GOME Electrical Appliances and other traditional retailers became publicly traded companies. Meanwhile, Redbaby and Beijing Jingdong Trading Co. entered into and started the competition of business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing.
Untersuchung eines Schwimmenden Hauses auf das akustische Optimierungspotential
Creators: name: Schneider, Robert
name: Fritsch, Tim
name: Simon, Sylvio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Akustische Kamera, Lärmmessung, Schwimmende Bauten, Lärmreduzierung

description: In der Präsentation erfolgt die Vorstellung von akustischen Messungen in einem schwimmenden Haus, die Ergebnisauswertung und Vorschläge zur akustischen Optimierung.
Yang-Baxter sigma models: Quantum aspects
Creators: name: Squellari, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum properties at one-loop of the Yang-Baxter $σ$-models introduced by Klimč\'\ik. The proof of the one-loop renormalizability is given, the one-loop renormalization flow is investigated and the quantum equivalence is studied.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
title: Anreicherung von Bibliothekskatalogen
title: Bestandsaufnahme und neuere Trends
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: El Kanz, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Hochschule Darmstadt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 02 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Diese Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der gängigen Anreicherung von Bibliothekskatalogen an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland. Anhand von Beispielen einzelner Bibliothekseinrichtungen werden die Anreicherungsarten sowie mögliche Entwicklungstendenzen vorgestellt. Die Anreicherungen beziehen sich auf die Auffindbarkeit der Bestände, Erweiterung von Suchräumen und die Zugänglichkeit der Daten, Bedienbarkeit für die Nutzenden, Einbezug der Nutzenden sowie zusätzliche Service-Angebote. Durch die Beobachtung der Bibliothekverbünde konnte ein Entwicklungs- und Nutzungsstand sowie eine Tendenz in Bezug auf die Anreicherung der Kataloge festgestellt werden. Auffällig ist die im Zuge der digitalen Transformation zunehmende maschinelle Sacherschließung sowie Metadatenübernahme, die langsam über die Verbundebene wächst. Der Einsatz von Ressource Discovery Systemen und gescannten Inhaltsverzeichnissen in Bibliothekskatalogen sind mittlerweile mehr Regel als Ausnahme. Weiterentwicklungsbedarf besteht in der Bestandserschließung, dem Relevanz-Ranking sowie im Einsatz von Konkordanzen.
description: This bachelor thesis deals with the usual enrichment of library catalogs at academic libraries in Germany. Using examples from different libraries, the types of enrichment as well as possible development trends are presented. The enrichments refer to the findability of the collections, extension of search spaces and the accessibility of the data, usability for the users, inclusion of the users as well as additional service offers. By observing the library networks, it was possible to determine the state of development and use, as well as a tendency with regard to the enrichment of the catalogs. The increasing machine subject indexing as well as metadata migration in the course of the digital transformation is conspicuous and is slowly growing beyond the network level. The use of resource discovery systems and scanned tables of contents in library catalogs are now more the rule than the exception. There is a need for further development in collection indexing, relevance ranking, and the use of concordances.
title: Effect of Jackfruit-Derived Extract Consumption on Colitis-Associated Colon Tumorigenesis in Mice
Creators: name: Lin, Jingwen
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2020

description: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The global burden of colorectal cancer is also expected to increase by 60%, to over 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths, by the year 2030. Jackfruit is known for its packed nutrition including many antioxidants: vitamin C, carotenoids and flavanones. It has also been used in traditional medicine due to its potential protection against many chronic diseases. However, there is limited research studying the potential effect of jackfruit on colorectal cancer. Here, we used a well-established AOM/DSS mice model to investigate the impact of jackfruit-derived extracts on colitis-associated colorectal cancer. After 6-week treatment with diet containing 480 ppm jackfruit-derived extracts, the mice showed significantly alleviated colon tumorigenesis with a 46% decrease in tumor numbers of each mouse compared to vehicle group (2.1 ± 0.31 for 480 ppm jackfruit-derived fraction group vs 3.9 ± 0.67 for vehicle group, P < 0.05). The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-6 and Inf- γ) and pro-tumorigenic genes (Axin2, Vegf, Myc and Pcna) was also decreased in the group consuming 480 ppm jackfruit-derived extracts compared to the vehicle group. Together the results suggest that the consumption of jackfruit-derived extracts could protect against colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in mice.
Curved walls: Grain growth, settling, and composition patterns in T Tauri disk dust sublimation fronts
Creators: name: McClure, M. K.
name: D'Alessio, P.
name: Calvet, N.
name: Espaillat, C.
name: Hartmann, L.
name: Sargent, B.
name: Watson, D. M.
name: Ingleby, L.
name: Hernandez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dust sublimation walls of disks around T Tauri stars represent a directly observable cross-section through the disk atmosphere and midplane. Their emission properties can probe the grain size distribution and composition of the innermost regions of the disk, where terrestrial planets form. Here we calculate the inner dust sublimation wall properties for four classical T Tauri stars with a narrow range of spectral types and inclination angles and a wide range of mass accretion rates to determine the extent to which the walls are radially curved. Best-fits to the near- and mid-IR excesses are found for curved, 2-layer walls in which the lower layer contains larger, hotter, amorphous pyroxene grains with Mg/(Mg+Fe)=0.6 and the upper layer contains submicron, cooler, mixed amorphous olivine and forsterite grains. As the mass accretion rates decrease from 10^(-8) to 10^(-10) Msol/yr, the maximum grain size in the lower layer decreases from 3 to 0.5 microns. We attribute this to a decrease in fragmentation and turbulent support for micron-sized grains with decreasing viscous heating. The atmosphere of these disks is depleted of dust with dust-gas mass ratios 1x10^(-4) of the ISM value, while the midplane is enhanced to 8 times the ISM value. For all accretion rates, the wall contributes at least half of the flux in the optically thin 10 micron silicate feature. Finally, we find evidence for an iron gradient in the disk, suggestive of that found in our solar system.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ
How open is our research? A discussion on the state of Open Science in the field of mineralogy and petrology
Creators: name: Lorenz, Melanie
name: Elger, Kirsten
name: Marcel, Meistring
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 550
subject: Open Access
subject: FID-GEO-DE-7

description: How open is our research? A discussion on the state of Open Science in the field of mineralogy and petrology. Vortrag bei der Arbeitsgruppe Mineralogie+Petrologie der Uni Potsdam, 29.04.2022 A brief look at current trends toward an open science with a focused look at the state of the art in mineralogy and petrology. Followed by a discussion on how research in mineralogy and petrology can become more open.
description: DFG, GFZ Potsdam
description: presentation