cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multistream neural architectures for cued-speech recognition using a pre-trained visual feature extractor and constrained CTC decoding
Creators: name: Sankar, Sanjana
name: Beautemps, Denis
name: Hueber, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a simple and effective approach for automatic recognition of Cued Speech (CS), a visual communication tool that helps people with hearing impairment to understand spoken language with the help of hand gestures that can uniquely identify the uttered phonemes in complement to lipreading. The proposed approach is based on a pre-trained hand and lips tracker used for visual feature extraction and a phonetic decoder based on a multistream recurrent neural network trained with connectionist temporal classification loss and combined with a pronunciation lexicon. The proposed system is evaluated on an updated version of the French CS dataset CSF18 for which the phonetic transcription has been manually checked and corrected. With a decoding accuracy at the phonetic level of 70.88%, the proposed system outperforms our previous CNN-HMM decoder and competes with more complex baselines.
Variation at work: alternations between physically and mentally demanding tasks in blue-collar occupations
Creators: name: Jahncke, Helena
name: Hygge, Staffan
name: Mathiassen, Svend Erik
name: Hallman, David
name: Mixter, Susanna
name: Lyskov, Eugene
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The aims of this questionnaire study were to describe the occurrence and desired number of alternations between mental and physical tasks in industrial and non-industrial blue-collar work, and determine to which extent selected personal and occupational factors influence these conditions. On average, the 122 participating workers (55 females) reported to have close to four alternations per day between mental and physical tasks, and to desire more alternations than they actually had. They also expressed a general preference for performing a physical task after a mental task and vice versa. In univariate regression models, the desired change in task alternations was significantly associated with gender, age, occupation, years with current work tasks and perceived job control, while occupation was the only significant determinant in a multiple regression model including all factors. Our results suggest that alternations between productive physical and mental tasks could be a viable option in future job rotation. Practitioner Summary: We addressed attitudes among blue-collar workers to alternations between physically and mentally demanding tasks. More alternations were desired than those occurring in the job, and workers preferred performing a physical task after a mental and vice versa. Alternating physical and mental tasks could, thus, be a viable option in job rotation.
Additional file 3: of Identification of new progestogen-associated networks in mammalian ovulation using bioinformatics
Creators: name: Yang, Fang
name: Wang, Meng
name: Zhang, Baoyun
name: Xiang, Wei
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Chu, Mingxin
name: Wang, Pingqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. The list of significantly differentially expressed genes of the pathways involving RELN and PGR. (DOCX 14Â kb)
Additional file 1 of Precarious employment and migrant workersâ€™ mental health: a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies
Creators: name: Ozlem Koseoglu Ornek
name: Weinmann, Tobias
name: Waibel, Julia
name: Radon, Katja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist
Systematic Review of the Prevention and Management of Postoperative Trachomatous Trichiasis
Creators: name: Kreis, Andréas Josef
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2020
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.8
Postoperative Trachomatous Trichiasis
Trichiasis Surgery
Trachoma

description: Among ocular infections, trachoma is the main cause of blindness. Repeated conjunctival Chlamydia trachomatis infections lead to trichiasis, corneal opacification and visual impairment. Surgery is often needed to relieve discomfort and preserve vision. However, a high recurrence rate is observed. There are many hypotheses that may explain this high failure rate. We systematically reviewed the literature on the pathogenesis and clinical features of postoperative trachomatous trichiasis (PTT) and the evidence for interventions to prevent and manage it.
Immunological Aspects of Melanoma-associated vitiligo: Breaking tolerance for cancer immunotherapy?
Creators: name: Le Gal, Frédérique-Anne
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2010
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.8
Melanoma
Vitilgo
Tolerance
Autoimmunity
Immunotherapy
Tumor immunology
T cells

description: Cutaneous melanoma, developed from cutaneous melanocytes, is an aggressive tumor - responsible for more than 80% of death from skin cancer - with an incidence that continuously increases all over the world. Vitiligo is an acquired skin depigmentation due the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. This disease can be isolated, associated to other autoimmune disorders, or sometime associated to melanoma. Interestingly, development of vitiligo in melanoma patients is associated with a better overall survival. Melanoma is considered a very “immunogenic” tumor that can induce spontaneous anti-tumor responses. Even when these responses are detectable, they usually have a poor clinical impact, with no or very partial tumor regression. Many tumor escape mechanisms can explain this failure of the immune system to eradicate the tumor. Melanocyte-specific T cell responses, similar to those observed in melanoma patients, are detected in vitiligo patients. In this context these T cells do result in the destruction of melanocytes, and induce the autoimmune depigmentation of the skin. Studying why T cell with the same specificity are able to kill their target in one disease - vitiligo-, and inefficient in another – melanoma – is a way to optimize immunotherapy of melanoma.
Additional file 2 of Precarious employment and migrant workersâ€™ mental health: a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies
Creators: name: Ozlem Koseoglu Ornek
name: Weinmann, Tobias
name: Waibel, Julia
name: Radon, Katja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2. Search Strings for the Databases
An insight into the inhibitory selectivity of 4-(Pyrazol- 4-yl)-pyrimidines to CDK4 over CDK2
Creators: name: Keke Dong
name: Xueyu Yang
name: Tengteng Zhao
name: Xiaolei Zhu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Revealing selectivity mechanism of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and their inhibitors is an important issue to develop potential anticancer drugs. The substituted 4-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-pyrimidines are potent inhibitors of CDK4 but not of the highly homologous CDK2. In order to reveal the inhibitory selectivity of these inhibitors to CDK4 over CDK2, we select one of substituted 4-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-pyrimidines as a representative (marked as A1 hereunder) and perform molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis for CDK4/A1 and CDK2/A1, respectively. The electrostatic and van der Waals (vdW) interactions of the A1 inhibitor with CDK4/CDK2 are discussed. The computed binding free energies based on the MM-PBSA method are consistent with experimental bioactivity ranking of A1 inhibitor to CDK4/CDK2. On the other hand, the conformational characteristics of CDK2 and CDK4 induced by A1 inhibitor are analysed and revealed. Results demonstrate that the vdW interactions considerably contribute to binding of CDK4/CDK2 with A1 inhibitor and are similar in size. The hydrogen bonding between A1 inhibitor and CDK4/CDK2 is considerably favourable to the binding, in which the hydrogen bond between the NH group of the pyrazole group of A1 and the residue Asp158 of CDK4 plays a crucial role in inhibitory selectivity of A1 inhibitor to CDK4 over CDK2. The electrostatic interaction energy differences between the corresponding residues of CDK4/A1 and CDK2/A1 confirm the above inference. The conformational changes of CDK2 and CDK4 induced by A1 inhibitor influence the selectivity of A1 inhibitor to CDK4/CDK2.
Additional file 1: of Differentiating snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma spp. using molecular approaches: fundamental to successful integrated control mechanism in Africa
Creators: name: Abe, Eniola
name: Guan, Wei
name: Guo, Yun-Hai
name: Kassegne, Kokouvi
name: Qin, Zhi-Qiang
name: Xu, Jing
name: Chen, Jun-Hu
name: Ekpo, Uwem
name: Li, Shi-Zhu
name: Zhou, Xiao-Nong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Multilingual abstracts in the four official working languages of the United Nations. (PDF 514 kb)
An Efficient and Scalable Process to Produce Morpholine-d8
Creators: name: Naidong Ye
name: Smith, Dan A.
name: J. Gregory Reid
name: Watson, David R.
name: Daga, Pankaj
name: Gottschling, Stephen E.
name: Duggan, Mark
name: Bürli, Roland W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: An Efficient and Scalable Process to Produce Morpholine-d8
The roles of teachers’ science talk in revealing language demands within diverse elementary school classrooms: a study of teaching heat and temperature in Singapore
Creators: name: Lay Hoon Seah
name: Yore, Larry D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: This study of three science teachers’ lessons on heat and temperature seeks to characterise classroom talk that highlighted the ways language is used and to examine the nature of the language demands revealed in constructing, negotiating, arguing and communicating science ideas. The transcripts from the entire instructional units for these teachers’ four culturally and linguistically diverse Grade 4 classes (10 years old) with English as the language of instruction constitute the data for this investigation. Analysis of these transcripts focused on teachers’ talk that made explicit reference to the form or function of the language of science and led to the inductive development of the ‘Attending to Language Demands in Science’ analytical framework. This framework in turn revealed that the major foregrounding purposes of teachers’ talk include labelling, explaining, differentiating, selecting and constructing. Further classification of the instances within these categories revealed the extensive and contextualised nature of the language demands. The results challenge the conventional assumption that basic literacy skills dominate over disciplinary literacy skills in primary school science. Potential uses of the analytical framework that could further expand our understanding of the forms, functions and demands of language used in elementary school science are also discussed.
Neural network predictions of oxygen interactions on a dynamic Pd surface
Creators: name: Boes, Jacob R.
name: Kitchin, John R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial neural networks (NNs) are increasingly common in quantum chemistry applications. These models can be trained to higher-level ab-initio calculations and are capable of achieving arbitrary levels of accuracy. The most common applications thus far have been specialised for either bulk or surface structures of up to two chemical components. However, very few of these studies utilise NNs trained to high-dimensional potential energy surfaces, and there are even fewer studies which examine adsorbate–adsorbate and adsorbate–surface interactions with those NNs. The goal of this work is to determine the feasibility of and develop methodologies for producing a high-dimensional NN capable of reproducing coverage-dependent oxygen interactions with a dynamic Pd fcc(1 1 1) surface. We utilise the atomistic machine-learning potential software package to generate a Behler–Parrinello local symmetry function NN trained on a large database of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These training methods are flexible, and thus easily expanded upon as demonstrated in previous work. This allows the database of high quality PdO DFT calculations to be used as a basis for future work, such as the inclusion of a third chemical species, for example a binary Pd alloy, or another adsorbate atom such as hydrogen.
Compact Objects in Alternative Gravities
Creators: name: Blázquez-Salcedo, Jose Luis
name: Kleihaus, Burkhard
name: Kunz, Jutta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address neutron stars and black holes in alternative gravities, after recalling their basic properties in General Relativity. Among the plethora of interesting alternative gravities we here focus on an interesting set of scalar-tensor theories. We discuss the phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization, that is matter induced for neutron stars and curvature induced for black holes. Along with other relevant physical properties, we address the quasi-normal modes of these compact objects. In particular, we consider \textit{universal relations} of neutron stars to largely reduce the dependence on the equation of state, and we briefly address the shadow of black holes.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures; Special Issue Alternative Gravities and Fundamental Cosmology (Altecosmofun'21)
Additional file 3 of Precarious employment and migrant workersâ€™ mental health: a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies
Creators: name: Ozlem Koseoglu Ornek
name: Weinmann, Tobias
name: Waibel, Julia
name: Radon, Katja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist
I Have A Dream: exploring the neural correlates and functions of normal and pathological sleep mentation
Creators: name: Perogamvros, Lampros
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2020
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616

description: The elusive nature of dreams has intrigued philosophers and scientists since the birth of human kind. Compared to waking consciousness, dreaming defies many concepts of our ordinary reality, which has prompted many scholars to formulate several theories about its origin, meaning and functions. Despite the existence of a thorough analysis of dream content from western and non-western civilizations and several attempts concerning its interpretation and links with our waking life, it has remained impossible to identify the physical origin of dreams to date. Recent years have seen considerable progress in the development of sophisticated neuroimaging methods (high-density EEG, fMRI) allowing a stringent characterization of the brain mechanisms of a conscious state. Combining such techniques with reliable phenomenological methods such as serial awakenings during sleep, we have been able to describe the neural correlates of the dreaming experience and of specific dream content in healthy individuals and in patients with nightmares. These studies demonstrated that similar cortical networks are implicated for the same conscious content (e.g. perceptions, thoughts, emotions) across sleep and wakefulness in both healthy subjects and patients. We assume that the origins of a dream are located in subcortical regions of the brain and are related to the offline processing of motivational and emotional memory content during sleep. Combining EEG/MRI with serial awakenings represents a promising avenue for future developments in the science of dreaming, with the potential for decoding mental content from ongoing cortical and subcortical brain activity. Further studies showed that dreaming serves an emotion regulation function by exposing the individual to specific emotional stimuli, which would result in adapted responses to real-life events during wakefulness. By extrapolating this finding to clinical applications, we can propose new sleep therapies, which will aim to potentiate the emotional function of sleep and dreaming in order to treat several psychiatric disorders.
Bone microstructure assessment: which contribution for the prediction of fractures?
Creators: name: Biver, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2020
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616

description: About half of fragility fractures occurs in individuals without osteoporosis defined according to bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One hypothesis is that part of the alterations of bone microstructure may not be captured by this tool. High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography allows a non-invasive quantification of the geometric, microarchitectural, densitometric, and mechanical properties of cortical and trabecular bone at the distal radius and tibia. In this thesis, we illustrate how the various components of peripheral bone microstructure are associated and predict fragility fractures, compared to the performances of the current tools used in clinical practice. We also show to what extent bone microstructure and strength can be influenced by modifiable environmental factors such as physical activity, diet, or comorbidities and their treatments. Last, we evaluate and discuss the value of alternative and more accessible noninvasive imaging techniques to predict fractures.
title: Der UN-Ausschuss zur Beseitigung rassistischer Diskriminierung: Völkerrechtliche Tagesthemen 51
Creators: name: Payandeh, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 341

description: Der Vortrag stellt Organisation und Tätigkeit des UN-Ausschuss zur Beseitigung rassistischer Diskriminierung vor. Dem Ausschuss, dem ältesten der zehn UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies, kommt die Aufgabe zu, die Einhaltung und Umsetzung der Verpflichtungen aus dem UN-Antirassismusübereinkommen durch die 182 Vertragsparteien zu überwachen. Zu diesem Zweck überprüft er Staatenberichte, entscheidet Individualbeschwerden, vermittelt in zwischenstaatlichen Streitigkeiten und äußert sich in aktuellen und dringlichen Fällen. In diesem Zusammenhang hat sich der Ausschuss etwa zu den Black Lives Matter-Protesten, den Maßnahmen in der Corona-Pandemie oder auch zum Nahost-Konflikt positioniert. Und auch gegenüber Deutschland hat der Ausschuss bereits weitreichende Empfehlungen zur Rassismusbekämpfung verabschiedet.
description: Völkerrechtsblog
Additional file 1: of Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections for treating acute cerebral infarction: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Shi
name: Wu, Jia-Rui
name: Zhang, Dan
name: Wang, Kai-Huan
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Zhang, Xiao-Meng
name: Tan, Di
name: Duan, Xiao-Jiao
name: Cui, Ying-Ying
name: Liu, Xin-Kui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Table S1. List of search terms. (DOC 20 kb)
Determination of death in donation after circulatory determination of death
Creators: name: Dalle Ave, Anne
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2019
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/174.957

description: With the evolution of medical technology, particularly resuscitation techniques, our way of understanding and determining death has been challenged. Donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) is one of these challenges. This thesis analyses in detail, through five articles, the determination of death in the context of DCDD. Notions of permanency and irreversibility, applied in the definition of death, are discussed. This distinction permits a better understanding of the non-congruence between our way of determining death in practice, i.e. based on permanent cessation of vital functions, and our understanding of death, which is usually based on their irreversible cessation. The dead donor rule (DDR) is also discussed, as it is a fundamental norm defended in transplantation medicine. The dead donor rule states that donors should not be killed for and by organ donation. Several critics argue that DCDD programs violate the DDR. Some of the articles presented in this thesis analyse the relevance of those critiques. This repertoire of articles offers a practical analysis of DCDD, based on different DCDD protocols, such as heart DCDD, uncontrolled and controlled DCDD, and the use of ECMO in DCDD. It also offers a more in depth analysis of the concept of death, suggesting the possibility of another way to determine death in the context of DCDD: the brain circulation determination of death.
Understanding the role of Zn2+ in the hydrolysis of glycylserine: a mechanistic study by using density functional theory
Creators: name: Mora, Jose R.
name: Nuñez, Oswaldo
name: Rincón, Luis
name: F. Javier Torres
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The hydrolysis mechanism of glycylserine in the presence of Zn2+ was theoretically studied by means of density functional theory calculations. Two possible reaction mechanisms are proposed for the hydrolysis reaction: (1) the first one involves a stepwise reaction with an initial attack of the serine –OH to the amide carbonyl group through a general base catalysis of a water molecule, which undergoes to a proton transfer to the carboxylate group to give a cyclic intermediate. Its further rearrangement finally forms an ester that hydrolyses to yield products. (2) The second mechanism involves a general base catalysis by the carboxylate group for the water attack to the amide carbonyl group to generate a tetrahedral intermediate. Upon comparison of both mechanisms, it is observed that the former is favoured; furthermore, its first step is the rate-limiting step in a bicyclic asynchronous transition state with evolution of 86% in C(1 )–O(2) bond. The crucial role of Zn2+ in this hydrolysis process can be rationalised in terms of the inductive effect and the formation of a rigid structure that increases the electrophilicity of the amide carbonyl group. The calculations presented in this report are in good agreement with reported values for the activation barrier.
Role of abdominal and interventional radiology in multidisciplinary management of alcohol-related liver disease
Creators: name: Breguet, Romain
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2019
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.0757
Alcohol-related liver disease
Interventional radiology
Multidisciplinary medical staff
Morphometric analysis

description: Alcohol-related liver disease is a major health problem, cause of extensive morbidity and mortality. From illness diagnosis to interventional treatment and imaging follow-up, radiology participates actively in the management of this disease, usually as part of a multidisciplinary medical staff. This thesis encloses a compilation of relevant scientific studies formulated, designed and conducted by the author in the field of diagnostic and interventional radiology for alcohol-related liver disease. The compilation demonstrates high quality of technical development for diagnostic improvement as well as innovations for disease-related interventional procedures. The author's studies contributed to radiology by providing new imaging features that represent additional patients' prognostic factors. Furthermore, the author also provided novelty in embolization material and endovascular technique for interventional procedures of patients with alcohol-related liver diseases. The relevance of these studies was confirmed by publication in prominent scientific medical journals. Researches similar to those presented in this thesis are essential to the progress of this medical specialty. Moreover, they are proof of the indispensable role of radiology for the management of this common disease.
Synaptic remodeling at the heart of memory processes
Creators: name: De Roo, Mathias
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2020
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.8
Learning and Memory
Hippocampus
Dendritic spines
Plasticity
Synaptogenesis
Confocal imaging

description: At the turn of the 21st century, the development of laser scanning microscopy combined with the methods of neuronal transfection with fluorescent proteins permitted the first ever real-time visualization of excitatory synapses following the induction of learning- related patterns of activity in living neurons in vitro, and later following sensory experience in living animals. These techniques, that are still improving today, led to the discovery of a causal link between learning and memory and structural plasticity of synapses, leading to long-term neuronal network remodeling. It has opened a new era in the study of the mechanisms that underlie learning and memory, and provided new therapeutic leads for brain disorders. This thesis describes my scientific contribution in this context.
Additional file 2: of Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections for treating acute cerebral infarction: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Shi
name: Wu, Jia-Rui
name: Zhang, Dan
name: Wang, Kai-Huan
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Zhang, Xiao-Meng
name: Tan, Di
name: Duan, Xiao-Jiao
name: Cui, Ying-Ying
name: Liu, Xin-Kui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Search strategy. (DOC 18 kb)
Estimated burden of cardiovascular disease and value-based price range for evolocumab in a high-risk, secondary-prevention population in the US payer context
Creators: name: Toth, Peter P.
name: Danese, Mark
name: Villa, Guillermo
name: Qian, Yi
name: Beaubrun, Anne
name: Lira, Armando
name: Jansen, Jeroen P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Aim: To estimate real-world cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden and value-based price range of evolocumab for a US-context, high-risk, secondary-prevention population. Materials and methods: Burden of CVD was assessed using the UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in order to capture complete CV burden including CV mortality. Patients on standard of care (SOC; high-intensity statins) in CPRD were selected based on eligibility criteria of FOURIER, a phase 3 CV outcomes trial of evolocumab, and categorized into four cohorts: high-risk prevalent atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) cohort (n = 1448), acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n = 602), ischemic stroke (IS) (n = 151), and heart failure (HF) (n = 291) incident cohorts. The value-based price range for evolocumab was assessed using a previously published economic model. The model incorporated CPRD CV event rates and considered CV event reduction rate ratios per 1 mmol/L reduction in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) from a meta-analysis of statin trials by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration (CTTC), i.e. CTTC relationship. Results: Multiple-event rates of composite CV events (ACS, IS, or coronary revascularization) per 100 patient-years were 12.3 for the high-risk prevalent ASCVD cohort, and 25.7, 13.3, and 23.3, respectively, for incident ACS, IS, and HF cohorts. Approximately one-half (42%) of the high-risk ASCVD patients with a new CV event during follow-up had a subsequent CV event. Combining these real-world event rates and the CTTC relationship in the economic model, the value-based price range (credible interval) under a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000/quality-adjusted life-year gained for evolocumab was $11,990 ($9,341–$14,833) to $16,856 ($12,903–$20,678) in ASCVD patients with baseline LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusion: Real-world CVD burden is substantial. Using the observed CVD burden in CPRD and the CTTC relationship, the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that, accounting for uncertainties, the expected value-based price for evolocumab is higher than its current annual cost, as long as the payer discount off list price is greater than 20%.
Additional file 3: of Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections for treating acute cerebral infarction: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Shi
name: Wu, Jia-Rui
name: Zhang, Dan
name: Wang, Kai-Huan
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Zhang, Xiao-Meng
name: Tan, Di
name: Duan, Xiao-Jiao
name: Cui, Ying-Ying
name: Liu, Xin-Kui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: More details about the product information of CHIs. (DOC 42 kb)
L'assistance au décès à l'aube du XXIème siècle
Creators: name: Burkhardt, Sandra Esther
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2011
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/613
Assistance au suicide
Décès
Fin de vie
EXIT

description: L'assistance au suicide est un sujet qui suscite de nombreuses discussions actuellement, que ce soit dans les milieux juridique, éthique ou médical, mais également au sein de la population générale. La pratique du suicide assisté en Suisse, sous sa forme médicalisée, est en pleine évolution, avec notamment la naissance de groupes de travail chargés de définir les modalités de la prise en charge de telles demandes dans divers établissements hospitaliers. Pendant longtemps, cette activité a été exercée dans le silence, et la tendance aujourd'hui est à la transparence et l'officialisation de ce type de démarche. En effet, le suicide assisté est implicitement autorisé en Suisse, selon l'article 115 du Code Pénal, pour autant qu'il ne soit pas lié à un motif égoïste, que la personne accompagnatrice soit de profession médicale ou non. Le suicide assisté est un sujet qui a été peu exploré jusqu'à présent, au niveau médico-légal (par le nombre restreint de cas déclarés), et ce n'est que depuis le début des années 2000 que la prise en charge médico-légale et juridique de ces cas, qui diffère quelque peu d'un canton à l'autre, est clairement établie. A Genève, la présence, sur le lieu du décès, du médecin-légiste et de la police est obligatoire dans tous les cas de décès par suicide assisté, afin qu'un examen du corps soit effectué, après consultation des documents médicaux à disposition. Cette pratique permet un respect des familles et une restitution du corps à celles-ci dans les plus brefs délais. Les objectifs de cette étude sont multiples : approfondir, dans un but comparatif, les aspects légaux du suicide assisté, dans différents pays ; développer une réflexion à partir d'une revue statistique de l'ensemble des cas de suicide assisté en Suisse Romande sur une période de 5 ans ; discuter la prise de position des médecins romands (questionnaire ciblé adressé aux médecins de diverses spécialités concernées dans les différents cantons romands) ; discuter les aspects pratiques et la prise de position des EMS et autres établissement hospitaliers ; relater la prise de position de certains ecclésiastiques représentant les grandes religions ; discuter les aspects éthiques du suicide assisté et de l'euthanasie ; situer le suicide assisté dans la population des décès par suicide en général. La finalité de ce travail de thèse est d'approfondir un sujet en pleine évolution, tant dans sa pratique que dans l'esprit de l'opinion publique, et qui fait peu à peu sa place dans une société où, d'une part, la mort relève encore du tabou, mais qui, d'autre part, tend à favoriser le libre choix de l'individu quant aux principaux événements de sa vie, comme cela a été le débat il y a plusieurs années concernant l'interruption de grossesse.
Exploring the Experience of Parenting when using Social Media: a Grounded Theory Study
Creators: name: Hudson, Emily
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2022
Subjects: Social Media
Parenting
internet
motherhood
wellbeing
relationships
perinatal
postnatal

description: Becoming a parent is a period of great transition in which a person’s relationship to their evolving identity can impact upon their wellbeing. Both group membership (Seymour-Smith et al, 2017) and social comparison (Gilbert, 2014) can impact on a new parent’s identity as they negotiate this new role. Parents, nowadays, face an ever changing social context in which social media use has become a normalised part of society, however research into the impact of social media use and the processes which underpin it is limited. The wellbeing of new parents is especially important when we consider that between 10% (Maternal Mental Health Alliance, 2020) and 20% (NHS England, 2020) of new mothers and 10% of new fathers (Singley & Edwards, 2015) experience perinatal mental health difficulties and this can have long lasting impacts on the health and wellbeing of both the parent and their baby. This study used a Grounded Theory methodology to explore the experiences of eleven new parents, who had infants aged between birth and two years. One to one interviews were used to explore the impact of social media use on their emerging parenting identity, their wellbeing and their relationships to others, including their baby. Two models are presented which aim to describe the processes associated with using social media, as described by the new parents. Parents used social media as means of seeking both information and connection and specific support groups were described as beneficial to new parents in meeting these needs. However, insecurity within their parenting role was identified as both a reason for continued social media use and as a consequence of using the platforms. This suggests bi-directional reasons for using the platforms. Furthermore, negative impacts of social media use were identified away from the screen. These included experiencing a negative impact on their relationships, their wellbeing and their desire to engage in performative parenting. Parents also described attempting to reduce their social media use; however this process came with challenges. A continued and complex process of stepping back from social media and being pulled back in was described. This study suggests that social media use, for new parents, is a complicated process which may have negative experiences attached to it. This has implications for clinical practice, throughout a new parent’s perinatal journey, as the impact of social media use is not typically explored. Open conversations about an individual’s use of the platforms may normalise the difficulty that can be experienced and support clients to identify those aspects of social media which may be unhelpful for them.
CCR5 expression in inflammatory bowel disease and its correlation with inflammatory cells and β-arrestin2 expression
Creators: name: Xiaoyan Ye
name: Sixue Liu
name: Hu, Mei
name: Yangda Song
name: Huarong Huang
name: Yingqiang Zhong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: To elucidate the correlation of expression of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) with degrees of inflammatory cells infiltration and expression of β-arrestin2 in biopsic intestinal mucosa of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Paraffin sections were derived from 53 patients with active IBD, 26 patients with remissive IBD and 30 healthy people. Immunohistochemical envision two-step method was used to test the expression of CCR5 and β-arrestin2 in biopsic intestinal mucosa. HE and toluidine blue staining were used to detect the pathological cytological analysis and classification in lamina propria of colonic mucosa. Results: The positive rate, strong positive rate and immunohistochemical score of CCR5 expression in active IBD were significantly higher than that in normal controls and remissive IBD (p p p = .042, r = .286). Mastocytes in active IBD, remissive IBD and normal controls had no obvious difference (p > .05). β-arrestin2 expression was significantly lower in active IBD than that in remissive IBD and normal controls, and it had a negative correlation with CCR5 expression (p = .01, r = −.247). Conclusions: CCR5 is highly expressed in active IBD, and it has positive correlation with lymphocyte grade and negative correlation with expression of β-arrestin2.
Assessing Regional Differences in Aerosol-Cloud Interactions and their Contribution to the Global Indirect Effect
Creators: name: Rothenberg, Daniel
name: Wang, Chien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 40101 Atmospheric Aerosols
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: Climate Science
subject: 40106 Cloud Physics

description: Anthropogenic aerosol perturbations to clouds and climate (the indirect effect, or AIE) contribute significant uncertainty towards understanding contemporary climate change. However, AIE - usually defined as a change in cloud radiative forcing associated with and resulting from changes in anthropogenic aerosol emissions - is just one global metric for assessing aerosols' influence on clouds. In fact, AIE is the end result of a chain or sequence of aerosol-cloud microphysical interactions starting at droplet activation and ending in the radiative/optical properties of a cloud. In this work, we utilize a suite of global aerosol-climate models to assess differences in each chain of these microphysical interactions, including one model with different sets of aerosol-cloud parameterizations. While each model simulates different cloud droplet number burdens in the global average, we find these differences to be greatest over remote maritime regions with little anthropogenic pollution. The interactions - and subsequent indirect effect - critically depend on the baseline cloud droplet number predicted in these regions. Models with lower droplet number, on average, in these regions tend to simulate much stronger indirect effects. These results motivate an improvement in observing the microphysical properties of clouds - particularly droplet number and size distributions across their lifetime - in remote, clean, maritime regions as a means to reduce uncertainty in AIE.
Grant proposal for a research stay project (funded)
Creators: name: Pedro, Raquel Sanchez De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60203 Ecological Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60299 Ecology not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 60205 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)
subject: 60705 Plant Physiology

description: Grant proposal (funded) for the application of "Research Grants for Doctoral Candidates and Young Academics and Scientists (1-6 months)", by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
The research project was entitled "Physiological acclimation of two estuarine macroalgae to salinity and desiccation stress", and was carried out during a doctoral research stay at the Department of Applied Phycology and Ecology in the University of Rostock (Germany), under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Ulf Karsten.
Molecular imaging in degenerative parkinsonisms: windows into the brain
Creators: name: Nicastro, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2021
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.8

description: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by progressive neuronal loss due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins into the brain, underpinned by complex geneenvironment interactions. Among them, Parkinson's disease (PD) and other related conditions are defined by slowness of movement, tremor and rigidity, i.e. parkinsonism. This is caused by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and impaired function of the basal ganglia. While diagnostic criteria are mainly based on clinical appraisal and definite diagnosis relies on post-mortem evaluation, structural and functional brain imaging allows to assess the intricate pathophysiological processes underlying neurodegeneration in vivo. Notably, positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging can estimate the pathogenic pathways involved in degenerative parkinsonisms. This includes impaired density of neurotransmitters receptors and transporters (e.g. dopamine and serotonin), altered brain metabolism, abnormal protein aggregation as well as neuroinflammation, all of which can be detected in early forms or even before the onset of motor symptoms in high-risk populations. My line of research aims at improving the diagnostic performance of degenerative parkinsonisms, notably by using PET/SPECT in addition to structural brain imaging. Moreover, my objectives include to better understand the pathophysiological role of tau deposition and brain inflammation in these conditions. Neurodegenerative diseases lead to motor, cognitive and emotional disability, and have a major impact on patients' quality of life. They also place a tremendous burden on families, caregivers, and society. Although dopamine-replacement therapy and deep brain stimulation are valid therapeutic options, they are symptomatic and thus do not halt disease progression. In combination with clinical and other biological markers, molecular imaging will certainly contribute to gain further insight into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration and to help developing disease-modifying treatments.
The neuronal mechanisms that underlie auditory and visual perception in the human brain studied by direct electrical recordings and stimulation
Creators: name: Megevand, Pierre Bastien
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2020
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.8
Neurophysiology
Intracranial EEG
Epilepsy
Auditory system
Visual system
Multisensory integration
Humans

description: We are who we are through our brains. In the armamentarium of scientists who study the human brain, intracranial EEG holds a special place. Intracranial EEG refers to recordings of the brain's activity from within the skull, in immediate contact with the brain's tissue. The technique is necessary in the management of a handful of medical conditions. Thanks to the ingenuity of physicians and the selflessness of patients, it can also reveal how neuronal activity underlies normal cerebral functions. In this collection of articles, I highlight the power and versatility of intracranial EEG to reveal the neuronal underpinnings of cerebral function in humans.
Vaccination in immunosuppressed children: a comprehensive review and practical guide
Creators: name: Blanchard Rohner, Géraldine
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2020
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/618
Immunosuppressed children
Auto-immune diseases
Vaccination

description: Immunosuppressed children are particularly at risk of vaccine preventable diseases, however, vaccine coverage in this population remains too low. This is explained by a fear of possible adverse effects of vaccines under immunosuppression, but also lack of data and clear recommendations in particular regarding vaccination with live vaccines in this population. In this review, the latest literature and various recommendations on vaccination in immunosuppressed children are discussed in detail, with the aim to give practical guidelines on vaccination to specialists caring for children suffering from different dysimmune disorders and treated with various immunosuppressive regimens.