Hechinoschema spinosa Thomson 1857
Creators: name: Huang, Gui-Qiang
name: Huang, Jian-Bin
name: Liu, Yi-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Hechinoschema
Hechinoschema spinosa

description: Hechinoschema spinosa Thomson, 1857
Figures 1–3
Hechinoschema spinosa Thomson, 1857: 182 (type locality: “ Sylhet, Chittagong, Bangladesh ”); Mitra et al., 2016: 43 (distribu-
tion). Echinoschema spinosa, Thomson, 1864: 79. Echinoschema spinosum, Gemminger & Harold, 1873: 3019 (catalogue). Hechinoschema spinosum, Aurivillius, 1922: 100 (catalogue); Breuning, 1961: 355 (catalogue); Mukhopadhyay & Biswas,
2000: 65 (distribution). Monohammus armatus White, 1858: 405 (type locality: “Silhet, Chittagong, Bangladesh ”).
Type material examined. Syntype: 1 specimen, gender unknown (MNHN), Sylhet, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Distribution. Bangladesh, India (Assam, Meghalaya).
Propedicellus gen. nov. ẋüƛ+¤
Type species: Propedicellus guoliangi sp. nov., here designated.
Description. Body black, sparsely covered with short fine brown setae. Head, scape, pedicel, prothorax, mesoventrite, metaventrite, elytra, abdominal sternites and legs sparsely covered with short thick white setae. Vertex covered with a pair of yellowish-brown setal spots posteriorly. Antennal scape sparsely covered with short semi-erected black setae, antennomere III densely covered with white or pale yellow setae at ventral base. Pronotum covered with a pair of pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal spots on a pair of small calli, with three pale yellow or yellowishbrown setal bands: two located at sides and starting from middle to posterior one, and one located at basal middle and staring from a large callus), sides of prothorax with a pair pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal bands. Scutellum densely covered with pale yellow or yellowish-brown setae, with a longitudinal glabrous section in middle not extending to apex. Elytra sparsely covered with irregular small white or pale yellow setal spots (mainly located laterally and on apical 1/3), disc covered with a pair of irregular black setal spots on apical 1/3, sparsely covered with short erected black setae on apical 1/3, most of setae forming several irregular spots. Metaventrite, abdominal sternites and legs sparsely covered with thick dark-brown and pale-brown setae. Each ventrite covered with a pair of pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal spots laterally.
Frons, genae, vertex, scape and prothorax strongly wrinkled. Eyes coarsely faceted, vertex depressed and with a longitudinal furrow, antennal tubercles far from each other; antennae longer than body (antennae more than 2.5 times as long as body in males, about 1.7 times in females), apical cicatrix of scape opened, scape marginated at apex (except apical dorsum), apex of pedicel processed towards inner side, antennomere III distinctly expanded apically, antennomeres VI–VIII of males with a longitudinal glabrous ridge ventrally. Prothorax with sharp lateral spines, disc with three irregular and wrinkled calli (two small located at front of middle and one large located behind middle), prosternal process narrow, longitudinally depressed at middle and distinctly lower than procoxae; procoxal cavities closed posteriorly and triangular externally. Scutellum lingulate. Elytra distinctly broader than prothorax basally, rounded apically; disc sparsely with variously sized tubercles from base to apical 1/3, amount and arrangement of tubercles on each elytron slightly different; each elytron with a bump near basal middle (bump covered with several tubercles), with an oblique depression after bump, marginated at apical 1/3 (margination covered with several tubercles), curved towards venter at apical 1/3. Hind wings with some veins reduced, AA 3+4 vein weak and fused with Cu vein at apical 1/3, but separated apically, both veins not extending to margin; CuA 2, MP 4 and MP 3 veins dissociative and not extending to margin; MP 3+4 vein short and dissociative; MS vein not extending to margin; r4 vein connecting with sr vein at middle. Mesoventral process raised at center, midcoxal cavities open to mesepimeron externally. Ventrite V slightly notched apically in males, truncated in females. Tarsi tetramerous.
Male terminalia. Tergite VIII sub- rectangular, sparsely covered with long brown setae apically, sparsely with short brown setae dorsally (slightly dense at dorso-apical 1/3); venter of tergite VIII sparsely covered with short brown setae at latero-basal half, moderately with dense short brown at apical 1/3; disc slightly bevel at apical sides. Most of sternite VIII membranous. Parameres densely covered with long thick brown setae at apex and latero-apical 3/5, sparsely with short fine brown setae ventrally (slightly dense at basal insides); both parameres gradually constricted from base to apex and rounded apically, base of both parameres separated and only connected through membrane. Penis strongly curved in lateral view, dorsal plate shorter than ventral plate; dorsal struts of penis about 1/2 as long as entire penis, rounded apically.
Discussion. This genus can be distinguished from Hechinoschema Thomson, 1857 by the pronotum with a pair of pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal spots on a pair of small calli (without a pair of pale yellow or yellowishbrown setal spots on a pair of small calli in Hechinoschema), and with three distinct pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal bands (with four indistinct yellowish-brown setal bands in Hechinoschema); scape strongly wrinkled (scape not wrinkled in Hechinoschema); apex of pedicel processed towards inner side (apex of pedicel not processed towards inner side in Hechinoschema); elytra with a pair of irregular black setal spots at apical 1/3 (elytra without irregular black setal spots at apical 1/ 3 in Hechinoschema), sparsely covered with variously sized tubercles from base to apical 1/3 (elytra sparsely covered with strong spinous tubercles from base to apical 1/ 5 in Hechinoschema), and with a pair of strong bumps near basal middle, the bumps covered with several tubercles (with a pair of strong spinous tubercles near basal middle and the spinous tubercles not covered with tubercles in Hechinoschema), disc marginated at apical 1/3 (not marginated at apical 1/ 3 in Hechinoschema).
Additionally, this genus is similar to Echinovelleda Breuning, 1936 for the vertex covered with a pair of yellowish-brown setal spots posterior; antennae distinctly longer than body, scape strongly wrinkled; prothorax with sharp lateral spines, disc with three irregular and wrinkled calli (two small located in front of middle and one large located behind middle); pronotum covered with a pair of pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal spots on a pair of calli, with three pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal bands (two located at sides and starting from middle to posterior, one located at middle); sides of prothorax with a pair pale yellow or yellowish-brown setal bands near venter; scutellum densely covered with pale yellow or yellowish-brown setae, with a longitudinal glabrous section in middle not extending to apex; elytra sparsely covered with irregular small white or pale yellow setal spots (mainly located at apical 1/3) and with many tubercles, with a pair of bumps near basal middle; and tarsi tetramerous.
Propedicellus can be distinguished from Echinovelleda by the antennae longer, apex of pedicel processed towards inner side; middle steal band on pronotum short, not extending to apex; elytra covered with a pair of irregular black setal spots at apical 1/3; elytra longer, marginated at apical 1/3 and rounded apically, not covered with large sharp tubercles and the hind wings developed.
Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the Latin words “ processus ” + “ pedicellus ”, referring to the projected pedicel. The gender is masculine.
Range. China, Vietnam.
Propedicellus vitalisi (Pic, 1925) comb. nov. $Kẋüƛ+
Figures 4–26, 76
Trachystola vitalisi Pic, 1925: 17 (type locality: “Chapa, Tonkin, Vietnam ”).
Hechinoschema vitalisi Breuning, 1961: 355 (catalogue).
Eshinoschema tonkinense Breuning, 1938: 188 (type locality: “Chapa, Tonkin, Vietnam ”); Lingafelter et al., 2014: 334, fig. 171 w (holotype).
Redescription. Male (Figs. 11–16). Body length: 21.0 mm, humeral width: 7.5 mm. Head, prothorax (dorsum and sides) and elytra sparsely covered with erected short thick brown setae, some of the setae on elytra located in rounded punctuations. Antennae sparsely covered with short brown setae; antennomeres III (except base)–XI reddish-brown, sparsely with semi-erected short pale brown setae; antennomeres III–IV with sparse short thick white setae, antennomeres III–X with several long thick pale brown setae apically. The pale yellow setal bands on sides of pronotum extending to base.
Antennae 2.8 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.69, pedicel= 0.15, IV= 0.92, V= 0.92, VI= 0.92, VII= 0.92, VIII= 0.85, IX= 0.74, X= 0.69, XI= 1.38. Elytra 1.7 times as long as wide at base, distance between sides of marginated portion at apical 1/3 as wide as elytra or slightly wider
than elytra. Hind wing with a short weak cross vein connecting with MP 3+4 and Cu veins, MP 3 and MP 4 veins subequal in length and slightly longer than CuA 2 vein (Fig. 16). Projection at mesoventral process subuliform.
Male terminalia (Figs. 17–26). The long brown setae on tergite VIII slightly dense at apical sides (Figs. 17– 18), tergite VIII sub-truncated apically. Venter of sternite VIII (Fig. 18) moderately covered with dense short brown setae at sides of apical 1/3, with a piece of longitudinally glabrous section in middle. Stem of spiculum gastrale more than 3.0 time as long as branches (Figs. 19–20), curved towards dorsum near basal 1/ 3 in lateral view (Fig. 19). Tegmen (Figs. 21–23) shorter than penis, dorsum of parameres sparsely covered with short thick brown setae at apical 1/3; anterior strut of phallobase truncated apically (Figs. 21, 23). Ventral plate of penis sub-truncated apically (Figs. 24, 26), apex of dorsal struts slightly expanded towards inner sides (Fig. 24).
Female. Unknown.
Type material examined. Syntype of Trachystola vitalisi Pic, 1925 (Figs. 4–6): 1 male (MNHN), Chapa, Tonkin, Vietnam, 18.VI.1917, JEANVOINE leg.; Holotype of Eshinoschema tonkinense Breuning, 1938 (Figs. 7–10): male (USNM), Chapa, Tonkin, Vietnam.
Additional material examined. VIETNAM: Lào Cai: 1 male (CSH), Mts. Sapa, Hoang Lien NP, alt. 1600 m, V.2015, local collector leg.
Distribution. Vietnam (Lào Cai, Tonkin).
Remarks. The gender of the examined syntype of Trachystola vitalisi Pic, 1925 was unknown, but it is clearly a male based on antennal length versus body length, and similar to other male specimens.
the projection of pedicel); 16. left hind wing, dorsal view (A: anal, C u: cubital, MP: medial posterior, MS: medial spur, r: radial, RP: radius posterior, sr: spur). Scale bars: a= 2 mm, b= 5 mm.
Propedicellus guoliangi sp. nov. Ḃẩẋüƛ+
Figures 27–51, 76
Description. Male (Holotype, figs. 27–32). Body length: 18.0 mm, humeral width: 6.5 mm. Head, prothorax (dorsum and sides) and elytra sparsely covered with erected short thick brown setae, each setae (except for setae located between apical 1/3 and apex of elytra) located on an oval or rounded punctation; antennomeres III (except base)–IX reddish-brown, antennomeres X–XI black (Figs. 27–29), antennomeres III–XI densely covered with short pale brown setae and sparsely with semi-erected short pale-brown setae, antennomeres III–X with several long pale brown setae apically, scape and pedicel sparsely covered with short brown setae, antennomere III with several short thick white setae ventrally. Lateral spines of prothorax densely covered with short yellowish-brown setae dorsally, yellowish-brown setal bands on sides of pronotum not extending to base (Fig. 31); prosternal process reddish-brown apically.
Head, prothorax (dorsum and sides) and elytra (basal 2/3) sparsely punctured (Figs. 27, 30, 31). Antennae 2.6 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.69, pedicel= 0.15, IV= 0.91, V= 0.91, VI= 0.89, VII= 0.89, VIII= 0.82, IX= 0.64, X= 0.55, XI= 1.00. Elytra 1.8 times as long as wide at base, distance between sides of marginated portion at apical 1/3 distinctly narrower than elytra (Fig. 27). Hind wing with MP 4 vein longer than CuA 2 vein, CuA 2 vein longer than MP 3 vein (Fig. 32). Projection at mesoventral process ridged.
Male terminalia (Figs. 33–42). Tergite VIII notched at apical middle (Figs. 33–34). Apex and middle sides of venter of sternite VIII moderately covered with dense short brown setae, with a piece of longitudinally glabrous section in middle not extending to apex (Fig. 34). Stem of spiculum gastrale more than 3.0 time as long as branches (Figs. 35–36), abruptly constricted near base and curved towards venter at base in lateral view (Fig. 35). Tegmen (Figs. 37–39) slightly longer than penis, dorsum of parameres sparsely covered with short brown setae at apical 3/5; anterior strut of phallobase sub-rounded apically (Figs. 37, 39). Ventral plate of penis rounded apically (Figs. 40, 42).
Female (Paratype, figs. 43–51). Similar to male, but body length: 18.5 mm, humeral width: 6.5 mm. Prosternum reddish-brown apically. Antennae 1.7 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.71, pedicel= 0.11, IV= 0.78, V= 0.71, VI= 0.67, VII= 0.62, VIII= 0.56, IX= 0.51, X= 0.47, XI= 0.67. Hind wing with CuA 2, MP 4 and MP 3 veins sub-equal in length (Fig. 48).
(red arrows indicate the projection of pedicel); 32. left hind wing, dorsal view (A: anal, C u: cubital, MP: medial posterior, MS: medial spur, r: radial, RP: radius posterior, sr: spur). Scale bars: a= 2 mm, b= 5 mm.
Diagnosis. Males of this new species are similar to Propedicellus vitalisi for antennomere III (except base)–IX reddish-brown, but can be distinguished by lateral spines of prothorax densely covered with short yellowish-brown setae dorsally (not covered with short yellowish-brown setae dorsally in P. vitalisi), yellowish-brown setal bands on sides of pronotum not extending to base (extending to base in P. vitalisi), middle yellowish-brown setal band on pronotum narrow (wide in P. vitalisi); head and pronotum sparsely punctate (less sparsely punctate in P. vitalisi); elytral middle covered with several tubercles (with more tubercles in P. vitalisi), distance between sides of marginated portion at apical 1/3 distinctly narrower than elytra (as wide as or slightly wider than elytra in P. vitalisi); hind wing with the fused portion of AA 3+4 and Cu veins long (extremely short in P. vitalisi), CuA 2 vein longer than MP 3 vein (MP 3 vein longer than CuA 2 vein in P. vitalisi), RP and sr veins short (long in P. vitalisi); tergite VIII notched at apical middle (truncated in P. vitalisi), sparsely covered with long brown setae at apical sides (moderately covered with dense long brown setae at apical sides in P. vitalisi); venter of sternite VIII not glabrous at apical middle (glabrous at apical middle in P. vitalisi); stem of spiculum gastrale curved towards venter at base (towards dorsum in P. vitalisi); parameres narrow (wide in P. vitalisi), widely rounded at apex (narrowly rounded in P. vitalisi); anterior strut of phallobase sub-rounded apically (truncated in P. vitalisi); ventral plate of penis rounded apically (sub-truncated apically in P. vitalisi), apex of dorsal struts not expanded towards inner sides (expanded towards inner sides in P. vitalisi).
Type material examined. CHINA: Yunnan: Holotype: male (LPSNU), Daweishan National Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, 16.VIII.2019, Yi-Feng Liu leg. Paratype: 1 female (CPYL), same data as to holotype, but 103°42'7.85" E, 22°54'49.81" N, alt. 1973.4 m, 4.VI.2019, Liang Guo leg.
Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Mr. Liang Guo (Ḃẩ), staff of Wilds of Insects Cultural and Creative Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, China and a good friend of authors, for collecting and loaning the paratype material of this new species.
Distribution. Only known from type locality Daweishan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China. Remarks. The third author said he collected the holotype specimen on ground, but forgot the environment and detailed time. The paratype specimen was gnawing a piece of dead leaf on a road (Figs. 49–51) at past 11: 00 pm on June 4 2019 when it was collected (Liang Guo, pers. comm.).
Propedicellus qiului sp. nov. Ḇḋẋüƛ+
Figures 52–76
Description. Male (Holotype, figs. 52–57). Body length: 20.0 mm, humeral width: 7.5 mm. Head, prothorax (dorsum and sides) and elytra sparsely covered with erected short thick brown setae, each setae (except for setae located between apical 1/3 and apex of elytra) located on an oval or rounded punctuation; antennomeres III–XI black, densely covered with short pale brown setae and sparsely with semi-erected short pale-brown setae, antennomeres III–X with several long pale-brown setae apically, scape and pedicel sparsely with short brown setae, antennomere III sparsely with short thick white setae ventrally. Lateral spines of prothorax densely covered with short yellowishbrown setae dorsally, yellowish-brown setal bands on sides of pronotum extending to base (Fig. 56).
Head, prothorax (dorsum and sides) and elytra (basal 2/3) sparsely punctate (Figs. 52, 55, 56). Antennae 2.8 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.67, pedicel= 0.17, IV= 0.93, V= 0.92, VI= 0.92, VII= 0.92, VIII= 0.92, IX= 0.83, X= 0.75, XI= 1.2. Elytra 1.7 times as long as wide at base, distance between sides of marginated portion at apical 1/3 distinctly narrower than elytra; each elytron with two series of sharp tubercles: one located at side and starting from near lateral base to apical 1/3, another one located near dorsal side and from near basal 1/3 to near apical 1/3 (Fig. 52). Hind wing with CuA 2 vein longer than MP 3 and MP 4 veins, MP 3 and MP 4 veins sub-equal in length (Fig. 57). Projection at mesoventral process ridged. Abdominal ventrite V depressed apically.
Male terminalia (Figs. 60–69). Tergite VIII truncated at apical middle (Figs. 60–61). Apex and middle sides of venter of sternite VIII moderately covered with dense short brown setae, with a piece of longitudinally glabrous section in middle not extending to apex (Fig. 61). Stem of spiculum gastrale more than 2.0 times as long as branches (Figs. 62–63), curved towards dorsum at basal 1/ 4 in lateral view (Fig. 62). Tegmen (Figs. 64–66) slightly longer than penis, dorsum of parameres sparsely covered with short brown setae at apical 3/5, anterior strut of phallobase rounded apically (Figs. 64, 66). Ventral plate of penis rounded apically (Figs. 67, 69), apex of dorsal struts slightly expanded towards inner sides (Fig. 67).
Female (Paratype, figs. 70–75). Similar to male, but body length: 17.5 mm, humeral width: 6.0 mm. Antennomeres III–IV sparsely covered with short thick white and brown setae. Middle yellowish-brown setal band on pronotum wide (Fig. 74). Antennae 1.7 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.67, pedicel= 0.13, IV= 0.80, V= 0.71, VI= 0.62, VII= 0.58, VIII= 0.53, IX= 0.47, X= 0.42, XI= 0.56. Scutellum parallel at sides (Fig. 70). Elytra 1.9 times as long as wide at base. Hind wing with CuA 2 and MP 4 veins sub-equal in length, and longer than MP 3 vein (Fig. 75). Projection at mesoventral process widely ridged.
Diagnosis. Males of this new species are similar to Propedicellus guoliangi sp. nov. for lateral spines of prothorax densely covered with short yellowish-brown setae dorsally, middle yellowish-brown setal band on pronotum narrow (Fig. 56); head and pronotum more punctate (Figs. 55–56); elytral middle covered with less tubercles, distance between sides of marginated portion at apical 1/3 distinctly narrower than elytra (Fig. 52); hind wing with sr vein short (Fig. 57); tergite VIII sparsely covered with long brown setae at apical sides (Figs. 60–61); venter of sternite VIII not glabrous at apical middle (Fig. 61); parameres narrow (Figs. 64, 66); ventral plate of penis rounded apically (Figs. 67, 69). Females of this new species are also similar to P. guoliangi sp. nov. for hind wing with CuA 2 and MP 4 veins sub-equal in length (Fig. 75).
This new species can be distinguished from P. guoliangi sp. nov. by antennomeres III (except base)–IX black, yellowish-brown setal bands on sides of pronotum extending to base in males (Fig. 56), middle yellowish-brown setal band on pronotum wide in females (Fig. 74); scutellum parallel at sides in females (Fig. 70); each elytron with two series of sharp tubercles, one located at side and starting from near lateral base to apical 1/3, another one located near dorsal side and from near basal 1/3 to near apical 1/3 (Figs. 52, 70); hind wing with CuA 2 vein longer than MP 3 and MP 4 veins, MP 3 and MP 4 veins sub-equal in length in males (Fig. 57), CuA 2 and MP 4 veins longer than MP 3 vein, sr vein short in females (Fig. 75); tergite VIII truncated apically (Fig. 60), branches of spiculum gastrale long, stem of spiculum gastrale curved towards dorsum at base (Figs. 62–63), parameres narrow apically, anterior strut of phallobase rounded apically (Figs. 64, 66), apex of dorsal struts of penis slightly expanded towards inner sides in males (Fig. 67).
Type material examined. CHINA: Guangxi: Holotype: male (LPSNU), Mt. Shengtang, Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Laibin City, 110°07'1.21" E, 23°58'15.55" N, alt. 1225 m, 14.VII.2015, Lu Qiu leg. Paratype: 1 female (LPSNU), Anjiangping, Huaping National Nature Reserve, Guilin City, 20.VIII.2019, Yi Zhang leg.
Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Dr. Lu Qiu (Ḇḋ), who is from Southwest University, Chongqing, China, for collecting and donating the holotype material of this new species.
Distribution. China (Guangxi: Guilin, Laibin).
Remarks. The holotype specimen was collected on a road near Shengquan Guesthouse in Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve (Figs. 58–59) at 21:35 pm on July 14 2015 (Lu Qiu, pers. comm.). The paratype specimen was flying lowly around the coniferous mixed forest and low shrubs near a mountain path in Huaping National Nature Reserve when was collected by an insect net at afternoon (Yi Zhang, pers. comm.). Comparing with holotype specimen, the body of paratype specimen covered with less short brown setae, which might be worn out naturally.
description: Published as part of Huang, Gui-Qiang, Huang, Jian-Bin & Liu, Yi-Feng, 2020, Review of the genus Hechinoschema Thomson, 1857 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Lamiinae: Monochamini), with description of a new genus and two new species, pp. 517-537 in Zootaxa 4768 (4) on pages 518-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3785822