cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unveiling $ν$ secrets with cosmological data: neutrino masses and mass hierarchy
Creators: name: Vagnozzi, Sunny
name: Giusarma, Elena
name: Mena, Olga
name: Freese, Katherine
name: Gerbino, Martina
name: Ho, Shirley
name: Lattanzi, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using some of the latest cosmological datasets publicly available, we derive the strongest bounds in the literature on the sum of the three active neutrino masses, $M_ν$, within the assumption of a background flat $Λ$CDM cosmology. In the most conservative scheme, combining Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data, as well as the up-to-date constraint on the optical depth to reionization ($τ$), the tightest $95\%$ confidence level (C.L.) upper bound we find is $M_ν<0.151$~eV. The addition of Planck high-$\ell$ polarization data, which however might still be contaminated by systematics, further tightens the bound to $M_ν<0.118$~eV. A proper model comparison treatment shows that the two aforementioned combinations disfavor the IH at $\sim 64\%$~C.L. and $\sim 71\%$~C.L. respectively. In addition, we compare the constraining power of measurements of the full-shape galaxy power spectrum versus the BAO signature, from the BOSS survey. Even though the latest BOSS full shape measurements cover a larger volume and benefit from smaller error bars compared to previous similar measurements, the analysis method commonly adopted results in their constraining power still being less powerful than that of the extracted BAO signal. Our work uses only cosmological data; imposing the constraint $M_ν>0.06\,{\rm eV}$ from oscillations data would raise the quoted upper bounds by ${\cal O}(0.1σ)$ and would not affect our conclusions.
description: Accepted for publication in PRD. Major structural changes from V1, some discussions moved to appendices, but conclusions completely unchanged. 27 pages, 7 figures. Comments are very welcome
Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the charged-particle pseudorapidity density in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\,\mathrm{Te\kern-.25exV}$ in centrality classes measured by ALICE. The measurement covers a wide pseudorapidity range from $-3.5$ to $5$, which is sufficient for reliable estimates of the total number of charged particles produced in the collisions. For the most central (0-5%) collisions we find $21\,400\pm 1\,300$ while for the most peripheral (80-90%) we find $230\pm 38$. This corresponds to an increase of $(27\pm4)\%$ over the results at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76\,\mathrm{Te\kern-.25exV}$ previously reported by ALICE. The energy dependence of the total number of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions is found to obey a modified power-law like behaviour. The charged-particle pseudorapidity density of the most central collisions is compared to model calculations --- none of which fully describes the measured distribution. We also present an estimate of the rapidity density of charged particles. The width of that distribution is found to exhibit a remarkable proportionality to the beam rapidity, independent of the collision energy from the top SPS to LHC energies.
description: 18 pages, 6 captioned figures, authors from page 13, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3337
Barjols, bustes de saint Marcel décorant la vitrine d'une librairie
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
The stack of Yang-Mills fields on Lorentzian manifolds
Creators: name: Benini, Marco
name: Schenkel, Alexander
name: Schreiber, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70S15, 18F20, 18G55

description: We provide an abstract definition and an explicit construction of the stack of non-Abelian Yang-Mills fields on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds. We also formulate a stacky version of the Yang-Mills Cauchy problem and show that its well-posedness is equivalent to a whole family of parametrized PDE problems. Our work is based on the homotopy theoretical approach to stacks proposed in [S. Hollander, Israel J. Math. 163, 93-124 (2008)], which we shall extend by further constructions that are relevant for our purposes. In particular, we will clarify the concretification of mapping stacks to classifying stacks such as $\mathrm{B}G_\mathrm{con}$.
description: 50 pages, final version published in Communications in Mathematical Physics
Structure of the resource theory of quantum coherence
Creators: name: Streltsov, Alexander
name: Rana, Swapan
name: Boes, Paul
name: Eisert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum coherence is an essential feature of quantum mechanics which is responsible for the departure between classical and quantum world. The recently established resource theory of quantum coherence studies possible quantum technological applications of quantum coherence, and limitations which arise if one is lacking the ability to establish superpositions. An important open problem in this context is a simple characterization for incoherent operations, constituted by all possible transformations allowed within the resource theory of coherence. In this work, we contribute to such a characterization by proving several upper bounds on the maximum number of incoherent Kraus operators in a general incoherent operation. For a single qubit, we show that the number of incoherent Kraus operators is not more than 5, and it remains an open question if this number can be reduced to 4. The presented results are also relevant for quantum thermodynamics, as we demonstrate by introducing the class of Gibbs-preserving strictly incoherent operations, and solving the corresponding mixed-state conversion problem for a single qubit.
description: 5+6 pages, 2+4 figures. Added results on Gibbs-preserving strictly incoherent operations. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Improved Quark Coalescence for a Multi-Phase Transport Model
Creators: name: He, Yuncun
name: Lin, Zi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The string melting version of a multi-phase transport model is often applied to high-energy heavy-ion collisions since the dense matter thus formed is expected to be in parton degrees of freedom. In this work we improve its quark coalescence component, which describes the hadronization of the partonic matter to a hadronic matter. We removed the previous constraint that forced the numbers of mesons, baryons, and antibaryons in an event to be separately conserved through the quark coalescence process. A quark now could form either a meson or a baryon depending on the distance to its coalescence partner(s). We then compare results from the improved model with the experimental data on hadron $dN/dy$, $p_{_{\rm T}}$ spectra, and $v_2$ in heavy-ion collisions from $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=62.4$ GeV to $5.02$ TeV. We show that, besides being able to describe these observables for low-$p_{_{\rm T}}$ pions and kaons, the improved model also better describes the low-$p_{_{\rm T}}$ baryon observables in general, especially the baryon $p_{_{\rm T}}$ spectra and antibaryon-to-baryon ratios for multistrange baryons.
description: Discussion extended, added Fig3(b), 16 pages, 12 figures
Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium stellar spectroscopy with 1D and 3D models - II. Chemical properties of the Galactic metal-poor disc and the halo
Creators: name: Bergemann, Maria
name: Collet, Remo
name: Schoenrich, Ralph
name: Andrae, Rene
name: Kovalev, Mikhail
name: Ruchti, Gregory
name: Hansen, Camilla J.
name: Magic, Zazralt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From exploratory studies and theoretical expectations it is known that simplifying approximations in spectroscopic analysis (LTE, 1D) lead to systematic biases of stellar parameters and abundances. These biases depend strongly on surface gravity, temperature, and, in particular, for LTE vs. non-LTE (NLTE) on metallicity of the stars. Here we analyse the [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H] plane of a sample of 326 stars, comparing LTE and NLTE results obtained using 1D hydrostatic models and averaged <3D> models. We show that compared to the <3D>NLTE benchmark, all other three methods display increasing biases towards lower metallicities, resulting in false trends of [Mg/Fe] against [Fe/H], which have profound implications for interpretations by chemical evolution models. In our best <3D> NLTE model, the halo and disc stars show a clearer behaviour in the [Mg/Fe] - [Fe/H] plane, from the knee in abundance space down to the lowest metallicities. Our sample has a large fraction of thick disc stars and this population extends down to at least [Fe/H] ~ -1.6 dex, further than previously proven. The thick disc stars display a constant [Mg/Fe] ~ 0.3 dex, with a small intrinsic dispersion in [Mg/Fe] that suggests that a fast SN Ia channel is not relevant for the disc formation. The halo stars reach higher [Mg/Fe] ratios and display a net trend of [Mg/Fe] at low metallicities, paired with a large dispersion in [Mg/Fe]. These indicate the diverse origin of halo stars from accreted low-mass systems to stochastic/inhomogeneous chemical evolution in the Galactic halo.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
What is the temperature of an ultra-cold Rydberg plasma?
Creators: name: Forest, Gabriel T.
name: Li, Yin
name: Ward, Edwin D.
name: Goodsell, Anne L.
name: Tate, Duncan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the asymptotic expansion velocities of ultra-cold plasmas (UNPs) which evolve from cold, dense, samples of Rydberg rubidium atoms using ion time-of-flight spectroscopy. From this, we have obtained values for the initial plasma electron temperature as functions of the original Rydberg atom density and binding energy. Our results show that the electron temperature is determined principally by the plasma environment when the UNP decouples from the Rydberg atoms, which occurs when the plasma electrons become too cold to ionize the remaining Rydberg population. Furthermore, the dependence of the electron temperature on Rydberg atom density gives strong indirect evidence for the existence of a bottleneck in the spectrum of Rydberg states that coexist with a cold plasma.
description: This paper is superseded by arXiv:1711.09797
Topological edge state engineering with high-frequency electromagnetic radiation
Creators: name: Hasan, Mehedi
name: Yudin, Dmitry
name: Iorsh, Ivan
name: Eriksson, Olle
name: Shelykh, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline here how strong light-matter interaction can be used to induce quantum phase transition between normal and topological phases in two-dimensional topological insulators. We consider the case of a HgTe quantum well, in which band inversion occurs above a critical value of the well thickness, and demonstrate that coupling between electron states and the $E$ field from an off-resonant linearly polarized laser provides a powerful tool to control topological transitions, even for a thickness of the quantum well that is below the critical value. We also show that topological phase properties of the edge states, including their group velocity, can be tuned in a controllable way by changing the intensity of the laser field. These findings open up the possibility for new experimental means with which to investigate topological insulators and shed new light on topological-insulator-based technologies that are under active discussion.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Quench action and Renyi entropies in integrable systems
Creators: name: Alba, Vincenzo
name: Calabrese, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entropy is a fundamental concept in equilibrium statistical mechanics, yet its origin in the non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems is not fully understood. A strong consensus is emerging around the idea that the stationary thermodynamic entropy is the von Neumann entanglement entropy of a large subsystem embedded in an infinite system. Also motivated by cold-atom experiments, here we consider the generalisation to Renyi entropies. We develop a new technique to calculate the diagonal Renyi entropy in the quench action formalism. In the spirit of the replica treatment for the entanglement entropy, the diagonal Renyi entropies are generalised free energies evaluated over a thermodynamic macrostate which depends on the Renyi index and, in particular, it is not the same describing the von Neumann entropy. The technical reason for this, maybe surprising, result is that the evaluation of the moments of the diagonal density matrix shifts the saddle point of the quench action. An interesting consequence is that different Renyi entropies encode information about different regions of the spectrum of the post-quench Hamiltonian. Our approach provides a very simple proof of the long-standing issue that, for integrable systems, the diagonal entropy is half of the thermodynamic one and it allows us to generalise this result to the case of arbitrary Renyi entropy.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, to appear in PRB
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, tas de bois et de branchages
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
From local correlations to regional systematics
Creators: name: Q, Z. Z.
name: Bao, M.
name: Lei, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local correlations of $2^+_1$ excitation energies and B(E2, $2^+_1\rightarrow \text{ g.s.}$) values require linear $N_pN_n$ systematics in a logarithmic scale, as confirmed by an experiment survey. Based on local correlations of $α$-decay energies, neutron separation energies, and proton separation energies, one can decouple them into their proton and neutron contributions separately. These contributions exhibit smooth regional systematics beyond the $N_pN_n$ scheme.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis of the germinating barley grain.
Creators: name: Peirats-Llobet, Marta
name: Yi, Changyu
name: Liew, Lim
name: Berkowitz, Oliver
name: Narsai, Reena
name: Lewsey, Mathew
name: Whelan, James
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 310509
subject: Genomics
classificationCode: 300406
subject: Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding)

description: Seeds are a vital source of calories for humans and a unique stage in the life cycle of flowering plants. During seed germination, the embryo undergoes major developmental transitions to become a seedling. Studying gene expression in individual seed cell types has been challenging due to the lack of spatial information or low throughput of existing methods. To overcome these limitations, a spatial transcriptomics workflow was developed for germinating barley grain. This approach enabled high-throughput analysis of spatial gene expression, revealing specific spatial expression patterns of various functional gene categories at a sub-tissue level. This study revealed over 14 000 genes differentially regulated during the first 24 h after imbibition. Individual genes, such as the aquaporin gene family, starch degradation, cell wall modification, transport processes, ribosomal proteins and transcription factors, were found to have specific spatial expression patterns over time. Using spatial autocorrelation algorithms, we identified auxin transport genes that had increasingly focused expression within subdomains of the embryo over time, suggesting their role in establishing the embryo axis. Overall, our study provides an unprecedented spatially resolved cellular map for barley germination and identifies specific functional genomics targets to better understand cellular restricted processes during germination. The data can be viewed at https://spatial.latrobe.edu.au/.
Work and power fluctuations in a critical heat engine
Creators: name: Holubec, Viktor
name: Ryabov, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate fluctuations of output work for a class of Stirling heat engines with working fluid composed of interacting units and compare these fluctuations to an average work output. In particular, we focus on engine performance close to a critical point where Carnot's efficiency may be attained at a finite power as reported in [M. Campisi and R. Fazio, Nat. Commun. 7, 11895 (2016)]. We show that the variance of work output per cycle scales with the same critical exponent as the heat capacity of the working fluid. As a consequence, the relative work fluctuation diverges unless the output work obeys a rather strict scaling condition, which would be very hard to fulfill in practice. Even under this condition, the fluctuations of work and power do not vanish in the infinite system size limit. Large fluctuations of output work thus constitute inseparable and dominant element in performance of the macroscopic heat engines close to a critical point.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Constraints on a generalized deceleration parameter from cosmic chronometers
Creators: name: Mamon, Abdulla Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have proposed a generalized parametrization for the deceleration parameter $q$ in order to study the evolutionary history of the universe. We have shown that the proposed model can reproduce three well known $q$-parametrized models for some specific values of the model parameter $α$. We have used the latest compilation of the Hubble parameter measurements obtained from the cosmic chronometer (CC) method (in combination with the local value of the Hubble constant $H_{0}$) and the Type Ia supernova (SNIa) data to place constraints on the parameters of the model for different values of $α$. We have found that the resulting constraints on the deceleration parameter and the dark energy equation of state support the $Λ$CDM model within $1σ$ confidence level at the present epoch.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, minor change in title, new references added, revised version accepted for publication in MPLA
On stationary Navier-Stokes flows around a rotating obstacle in two-dimensions
Creators: name: Higaki, Mitsuo
name: Maekawa, Yasunori
name: Nakahara, Yuu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B35, 35Q30, 76D05

description: We study the two-dimensional stationary Navier-Stokes equations describing the flows around a rotating obstacle. The unique existence of solutions and their asymptotic behavior at spatial infinity are established when the rotation speed of the obstacle and the given exterior force are sufficiently small.
description: to appear, ARMA
Cumulants of event-by-event net-strangeness distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$=7.7-200 GeV from UrQMD model
Creators: name: Zhou, Chang
name: Xu, Ji
name: Luo, Xiaofeng
name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as baryon, electric charge and strangeness number, are sensitive observables in heavy-ion collisions to search for the QCD phase transition and critical point. In this paper, we performed a systematical analysis on the various cumulants and cumulant ratios of event-by-event net-strangeness distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV from UrQMD model. We performed a systematical study on the contributions from various strange baryons and mesons to the net-strangeness fluctuations. The results demonstrate that the cumulants and cumulant ratios of net-strangeness distributions extracted from different strange particles show very different centrality and energy dependence behavior. By comparing with the net-kaon fluctuations, we found that the strange baryons play an important role in the fluctuations of net-strangeness. This study can provide useful baselines to study the QCD phase transition and search for the QCD critical point by using the fluctuations of net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions experiment. It can help us to understand non-critical physics contributions to the fluctuations of net-strangeness.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Barjols, bande de garçons accompagnant l'aubade avec des cannes de bambou dites "joies"
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
On the Transition from Potential Flow to Turbulence Around a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid ^4He
Creators: name: Niemetz, Michael
name: Hänninen, Risto
name: Schoepe, Wilfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow of superfluid $^4$He around a translationally oscillating sphere, levitating without mechanical support, can either be laminar or turbulent, depending on the velocity amplitude. Below a critical velocity $v_c$ that scales as $ω^{1/2}$, and is temperature independent below 1 K, the flow is laminar (potential flow). Below 0.5 K the linear drag force is caused by ballistic phonon scattering that vanishes as T$^4$ until background damping, measured in the empty cell, becomes dominant for T $
description: 26 pages, 21 figures, Review article, sec.4.4 updated
Quantum principle of sensing gravitational waves: From the zero-point fluctuations to the cosmological stochastic background of spacetime
Creators: name: Quinones, Diego A.
name: Oniga, Teodora
name: Varcoe, Benjamin T. H.
name: Wang, Charles H. -T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a theoretical investigation on the collective dynamics of an ensemble of correlated atoms, subject to both vacuum fluctuations of spacetime and stochastic gravitational waves. A general approach is taken with the derivation of a quantum master equation capable of describing arbitrary confined nonrelativistic matter systems in an open quantum gravitational environment. It enables us to relate the spectral function for gravitational waves and the distribution function for quantum gravitational fluctuations and to indeed introduce a new spectral function for the zero-point fluctuations of spacetime. The formulation is applied to two-level identical bosonic atoms in an off-resonant high-$Q$ cavity that effectively inhibits undesirable electromagnetic delays, leading to a gravitational transition mechanism through certain quadrupole moment operators. The overall relaxation rate before reaching equilibrium is found to generally scale collectively with the number $N$ of atoms. However, we are also able to identify certain states of which the decay and excitation rates with stochastic gravitational waves and vacuum spacetime fluctuations amplify more significantly with a factor of $N^2$. Using such favourable states as a means of measuring both conventional stochastic gravitational waves and novel zero-point spacetime fluctuations, we determine the theoretical lower bounds for the respective spectral functions. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings on future observations of gravitational waves of a wider spectral window than currently accessible. Especially, the possible sensing of the zero-point fluctuations of spacetime could provide an opportunity to generate initial evidence and further guidance of quantum gravity.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, with typo corrections
Cosmological solutions in generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Creators: name: Rosa, João L.
name: Carloni, Sante
name: Lemos, José P. S.
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct exact solutions representing a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robsertson-Walker (FLRW) universe in a generalized hybrid metric-Palatini theory. By writing the gravitational action in a scalar-tensor representation, the new solutions are obtained by either making an ansatz on the scale factor or on the effective potential. Among other relevant results, we show that it is possible to obtain exponentially expanding solutions for flat universes even when the cosmology is not purely vacuum. We then derive the classes of actions for the original theory which generate these solutions.
description: 14 pages, 17 figures
Barjols, départ de l'aubade
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Time-resolved spectral density of interacting fermions following a quench to a superconducting critical point
Creators: name: Lemonik, Yonah
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented for the time evolution of fermions initially in a non-zero temperature normal phase, following the switch on of an attractive interaction. The dynamics are studied in the disordered phase close to the critical point, where the superfluid fluctuations are large. The analysis is conducted within a two-particle irreducible, large $N$ approximation. The system is considered from the perspective of critical quenches where it is shown that the fluctuations follow universal model A dynamics. A signature of this universality is found in a singular correction to the fermion lifetime, given by a scaling form $t^{(3-d)/2}S_d(\varepsilon^2 t)$, where $d$ is the spatial dimension, $t$ is the time since the quench, and $\varepsilon$ is the fermion energy. The singular behavior of the spectral density is interpreted as arising due to incoherent Andreev reflections off superfluid fluctuations.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Soft-gluon corrections for $tW$ production at N$^3$LO
Creators: name: Kidonakis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present approximate results that include third-order soft-gluon corrections for the associated production of a single top quark with a $W$ boson. The calculation uses expressions from soft-gluon resummation at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithm (NNLL) accuracy. From the NNLL resummed cross section I derive approximate next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (aN$^3$LO) cross sections for the process $bg \rightarrow tW^-$ at LHC and Tevatron energies. The aN$^3$LO top-quark transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions in $tW$ production are also presented.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; additional material has been included; published version
Distributional Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Household Employment and Education
Creators: name: Bai, Yulin
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19 Pandemic
subject: Distributional Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
subject: Household Employment
subject: Education
subject: Multiple regression analysis
subject: Economic

description: The economic effects of COVID-19 have been widespread and multifaceted. Researchers are just beginning to understand the extent of the economic recession and the effectiveness of implemented measures. To further expand knowledge around this issue, the current research examines post-pandemic economic shocks and their disproportionate impact on employment and education. The study relies on survey data from CPS (Current Population Survey) and BLS (Bureau of Labor and Statistics) that is aggregated on IPUMS (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series). Multiple regression analysis is performed to isolate specific category effects of the pandemic. The results show the expected distributional effects of the economic recession. These include widespread employment losses and disproportionate effects on low-paying occupations compared to high-paying occupations. Disproportionate impacts are also witnessed in different demographics. Notably, it is observed that African Americans and Hispanics experience higher employment impacts compared to their Caucasian counterparts. In response to the pandemic, liquidity-constrained households seem to have invested less in education.
Adolescent nutrition
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, Molly
name: Patton, George
name: M. Neufeld, Lynnette
name: A. Norris, Shane
name: A. Frongillo, Edward
name: Hargreaves, Dougal
name: Mates, Emily
name: Menon, Purnima
Publisher: name: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Health Sciences

description: Adolescence is a time of rapid change in physical growth and development and cognitive and emotional capacities. There has rightly, been much emphasis on early childhood nutrition. However, adolescence is an additional important phase of risks and opportunities for healthy nutrition with lifelong and intergenerational consequences. Despite this, adolescents have been neglected in national and global plans and policies.
 This Lancet Series of three papers and three commentaries is the first to bring the health and nutrition communities together to focus on growth and nutrition across the adolescent years. The series highlights the effect of nutrition on adolescent growth and development, the role the food environment has on food choices, and which strategies and interventions might lead to healthy adolescent nutrition and growth.
 Working with Science Journal for Kids & Teens, papers 1 and 2 have been adapted for students and teachers (as well as parents and/or guardians). Science Journal for Kids & Teens features freely downloadable peer-reviewed research papers rewritten in age-appropriate language. Each paper is accompanied by assessment questions and answers.
 Learn more: https://bit.ly/teensandfood
Formal Synthesis of Control Strategies for Positive Monotone Systems
Creators: name: Sadraddini, Sadra
name: Belta, Calin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We design controllers from formal specifications for positive discrete-time monotone systems that are subject to bounded disturbances. Such systems are widely used to model the dynamics of transportation and biological networks. The specifications are described using signal temporal logic (STL), which can express a broad range of temporal properties. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) and show that under the assumptions made in this paper, which are not restrictive for traffic applications, the existence of open-loop control policies is sufficient and almost necessary to ensure the satisfaction of STL formulas. We establish a relation between satisfaction of STL formulas in infinite time and set-invariance theories and provide an efficient method to compute robust control invariant sets in high dimensions. We also develop a robust model predictive framework to plan controls optimally while ensuring the satisfaction of the specification. Illustrative examples and a traffic management case study are included.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control (TAC) (2018), 16 pages, double column
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, les aubadeurs devant la gendarmerie
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Shape analysis on homogeneous spaces: a generalised SRVT framework
Creators: name: Celledoni, Elena
name: Eidnes, Sølve
name: Schmeding, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58D15 (Primary), 58D10, 22E65, 58B20 (Secondary)

description: Shape analysis is ubiquitous in problems of pattern and object recognition and has developed considerably in the last decade. The use of shapes is natural in applications where one wants to compare curves independently of their parametrisation. One computationally efficient approach to shape analysis is based on the Square Root Velocity Transform (SRVT). In this paper we propose a generalised SRVT framework for shapes on homogeneous manifolds. The method opens up for a variety of possibilities based on different choices of Lie group action and giving rise to different Riemannian metrics.
description: 28 pages; 4 figures, 30 subfigures; notes for proceedings of the Abel Symposium 2016: "Computation and Combinatorics in Dynamics, Stochastics and Control". v3: amended the text to improve readability and clarify some points; updated and added some references; added pseudocode for the dynamic programming algorithm used. The main results remain unchanged
The splashback radius of halos from particle dynamics. I. The SPARTA algorithm
Creators: name: Diemer, Benedikt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent proposal of the splashback radius as a physical boundary of dark matter halos, we present a parallel computer code for Subhalo and PARticle Trajectory Analysis (SPARTA). The code analyzes the orbits of all simulation particles in all host halos, billions of orbits in the case of typical cosmological N-body simulations. Within this general framework, we develop an algorithm that accurately extracts the location of the first apocenter of particles after infall into a halo, or splashback. We define the splashback radius of a halo as the smoothed average of the apocenter radii of individual particles. This definition allows us to reliably measure the splashback radii of 95% of host halos above a resolution limit of 1000 particles. We show that, on average, the splashback radius and mass are converged to better than 5% accuracy with respect to mass resolution, snapshot spacing, and all free parameters of the method.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures. Minor changes to match the version published in ApJS
Comparison of memory thresholds for planar qudit geometries
Creators: name: Marks, Jacob
name: Jochym-O'Connor, Tomas
name: Gheorghiu, Vlad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and analyze a new type of decoding algorithm called General Color Clustering (GCC), based on renormalization group methods, to be used in qudit color codes. The performance of this decoder is analyzed under code capacity depolarizing noise, and is used to obtain the first fault-tolerant threshold estimates for qudit 6-6-6 color codes. The proposed decoder is compared with similar decoding schemes for qudit surface codes as well as the current leading qubit decoders for both sets of codes. We find that, as with surface codes, clustering performs sub-optimally for qubit color codes, giving a threshold of $9.75\%$ compared to the $11.4\%$ obtained through surface projection decoding methods. However, the threshold rate increases by up to $75\%$ for large qudit dimensions, plateauing around $17.1\%$. All the analysis is performed using QTop, a new open-source software for simulating and visualizing topological quantum error correcting codes.
description: Replaced with the published version, small typos corrected, any comments are welcome! QTop software available at https://github.com/jacobmarks/QTop
Fast and robust curve skeletonization for real-world elongated objects
Creators: name: Tabb, Amy
name: Medeiros, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of extracting curve skeletons of three-dimensional, elongated objects given a noisy surface, which has applications in agricultural contexts such as extracting the branching structure of plants. We describe an efficient and robust method based on breadth-first search that can determine curve skeletons in these contexts. Our approach is capable of automatically detecting junction points as well as spurious segments and loops. All of that is accomplished with only one user-adjustable parameter. The run time of our method ranges from hundreds of milliseconds to less than four seconds on large, challenging datasets, which makes it appropriate for situations where real-time decision making is needed. Experiments on synthetic models as well as on data from real world objects, some of which were collected in challenging field conditions, show that our approach compares favorably to classical thinning algorithms as well as to recent contributions to the field.
description: 47 pages; IEEE WACV 2018, main paper and supplementary material
$A$-dependence of quasielastic charged-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections
Creators: name: Van Dessel, Nils
name: Jachowicz, Natalie
name: González-Jiménez, Raúl
name: Pandey, Vishvas
name: Van Cuyck, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: 12C has been and is still widely used in neutrino-nucleus scattering and oscillation experiments. More recently, 40Ar has emerged as an important nuclear target for current and future experiments. Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) possess various advantages in measuring electroweak neutrino-nucleus cross sections. Concurrent theoretical research is an evident necessity. Purpose: 40Ar is larger than 12C, and one expects nuclear effects to play a bigger role in reactions. We present inclusive differential and total cross section results for charged-current neutrino scattering on 40Ar and perform a comparison with 12C, 16O and 56Fe targets, to find out about the A-dependent behavior of model predictions. Method: Our model starts off with a Hartree-Fock description of the nucleus, with the nucleons interacting through a mean field generated by an effective Skyrme force. Long-range correlations are introduced by means of a continuum random phase approximation (CRPA) approach. Further methods to improve the accuracy of model predictions are also incorporated in the calculations. Results: We present calculations for 12C, 16O, 40Ar and 56Fe, showcasing differential cross sections over a broad range of kinematic values in the quasielastic regime. We furthermore show flux-folded results for 40Ar and we discuss the differences between nuclear responses. Conclusions: At low incoming energies and forward scattering we identify an enhancement in the 40Ar cross section compared to 12C, as well as in the high $ω$ (low $T_μ$ ) region across the entire studied $E_ν$ range. The contribution to the folded cross section of the reaction strength at values of $ω$ lower than 50 MeV for forward scattering is sizeable.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures ; complete revision of calculations with updated discussion of results, Fig. 4 replaced, updated reference list, minor typographical corrections
The splashback radius of halos from particle dynamics. II. Dependence on mass, accretion rate, redshift, and cosmology
Creators: name: Diemer, Benedikt
name: Mansfield, Philip
name: Kravtsov, Andrey V.
name: More, Surhud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The splashback radius $R_{\rm sp}$, the apocentric radius of particles on their first orbit after falling into a dark matter halo, has recently been suggested as a physically motivated halo boundary that separates accreting from orbiting material. Using the SPARTA code presented in Paper I, we analyze the orbits of billions of particles in cosmological simulations of structure formation and measure $R_{\rm sp}$ for a large sample of halos that span a mass range from dwarf galaxy to massive cluster halos, reach redshift 8, and include WMAP, Planck, and self-similar cosmologies. We analyze the dependence of $R_{\rm sp}/R_{\rm 200m}$ and $M_{\rm sp}/M_{\rm 200m}$ on the mass accretion rate $Γ$, halo mass, redshift, and cosmology. The scatter in these relations varies between 0.02 and 0.1 dex. While we confirm the known trend that $R_{\rm sp}/R_{\rm 200m}$ decreases with $Γ$, the relationships turn out to be more complex than previously thought, demonstrating that $R_{\rm sp}$ is an independent definition of the halo boundary that cannot trivially be reconstructed from spherical overdensity definitions. We present fitting functions for $R_{\rm sp}/R_{\rm 200m}$ and $M_{\rm sp}/M_{\rm 200m}$ as a function of accretion rate, peak height, and redshift, achieving an accuracy of 5% or better everywhere in the parameter space explored. We discuss the physical meaning of the distribution of particle apocenters and show that the previously proposed definition of $R_{\rm sp}$ as the radius of the steepest logarithmic density slope encloses roughly three-quarters of the apocenters. Finally, we conclude that no analytical model presented thus far can fully explain our results.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Minor changes to match the version published in ApJ
Force-induced transparency and conversion between slow and fast lights in optomechanics
Creators: name: Wu, Zhen
name: Luo, Ren-Hua
name: Zhang, Jian-Qi
name: Wang, Yu-Hua
name: Yang, Wen
name: Feng, Mang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optomechanics can generate fantastic effects of optics due to appropriate mechanical control. Here we theoretically study effects of slow and fast lights in a single-sided optomechanical cavity with an external force. The force-induced transparency of slow/fast light and the force-dependent conversion between the slow and fast lights are resulted from effects of the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) and the anti-RWA, which can be controlled by properly modifying the effective cavity frequency due to the external force. These force-induced phenomena can be applied to control of the light group velocity and detection of the force variation, which are feasible using current laboratory techniques.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. A
HI vs. H$α$ - Comparing the Kinematic Tracers in Modeling the Initial Conditions of the Mice
Creators: name: Mortazavi, S. Alireza
name: Lotz, Jennifer M.
name: Barnes, Joshua E.
name: Privon, George C.
name: Snyder, Gregory F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effect of using different kinematic tracers (HI and H$α$) on reconstructing the encounter parameters of the Mice major galaxy merger (NGC 4676A/B). We observed the Mice using the SparsePak Integral Field Unit (IFU) on the WIYN telescope, and compared the H$α$ velocity map with VLA HI observations. The relatively high spectral resolution of our data (R $\approx$ 5000) allows us to resolve more than one kinematic component in the emission lines of some fibers. We separate the H$α$-[N II] emission of the star-forming regions from shocks using their [N II]/H$α$ line ratio and velocity dispersion. We show that the velocity of star-forming regions agree with that of the cold gas (HI), particularly, in the tidal tails of the system. We reconstruct the morphology and kinematics of these tidal tails utilizing an automated modeling method based on the Identikit software package. We quantify the goodness of fit and the uncertainties of the derived encounter parameters. Most of the initial conditions reconstructed using H$α$ and HI are consistent with each other, and qualitatively agree with the results of previous works. For example, we find 210$\pm^{50}_{40}$ Myrs, and 180$\pm^{50}_{40}$ Myrs for the time since pericenter, when modeling H$α$ and HI kinematics, respectively. This confirms that in some cases, H$α$ kinematics can be used instead of HI kinematics for reconstructing the initial conditions of galaxy mergers, and our automated modeling method is applicable to some merging systems.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS