cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Field and long-term demonstration of a wide area quantum key distribution network
Creators: name: Wang, Shuang
name: Chen, Wei
name: Yin, Zhen-Qiang
name: Li, Hong-Wei
name: He, De-Yong
name: Li, Yu-Hu
name: Zhou, Zheng
name: Song, Xiao-Tian
name: Li, Fang-Yi
name: Wang, Dong
name: Chen, Hua
name: Han, Yun-Guang
name: Huang, Jing-Zheng
name: Guo, Jun-Fu
name: Hao, Peng-Lei
name: Li, Mo
name: Zhang, Chun-Mei
name: Liu, Dong
name: Liang, Wen-Ye
name: Miao, Chun-Hua
name: Wu, Ping
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Han, Zheng-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A wide area quantum key distribution (QKD) network deployed on communication infrastructures provided by China Mobile Ltd. is demonstrated. Three cities and two metropolitan area QKD networks were linked up to form the Hefei-Chaohu-Wuhu wide area QKD network with over 150 kilometers coverage area, in which Hefei metropolitan area QKD network was a typical full-mesh core network to offer all-to-all interconnections, and Wuhu metropolitan area QKD network was a representative quantum access network with point-to-multipoint configuration. The whole wide area QKD network ran for more than 5000 hours, from 21 December 2011 to 19 July 2012, and part of the network stopped until last December. To adapt to the complex and volatile field environment, the Faraday-Michelson QKD system with several stability measures was adopted when we designed QKD devices. Through standardized design of QKD devices, resolution of symmetry problem of QKD devices, and seamless switching in dynamic QKD network, we realized the effective integration between point-to-point QKD techniques and networking schemes.
description: Ref.[65] is updated
Volume phase holographic gratings for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph: performance measurements of the prototype grating set
Creators: name: Barkhouser, Robert
name: Arns, James
name: Gunn, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is a major instrument under development for the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. Four identical spectrograph modules are located in a room above one Nasmyth focus. A 55~m fiber optic cable feeds light to the spectrographs from a robotic positioner at the prime focus, behind the wide-field corrector developed for Hyper Suprime-Cam. The positioner contains 2400 fibers and covers a 1.3~degree hexagonal field of view. The spectrograph optical design consists of a Schmidt collimator, two dichroic beamsplitters to split the light into three channels, and for each channel a volume phase holographic (VPH) grating and a dual-corrector, modified Schmidt reimaging camera. This design provides a 275~mm collimated beam diameter, wide simultaneous wavelength coverage from 380~nm to 1.26~\textmu m, and good imaging performance at the fast f/1.05 focal ratio required from the cameras to avoid oversampling the fibers. The three channels are designated as the blue, red, and near-infrared (NIR), and cover the bandpasses 380--650~nm (blue), 630--970~nm (red), and 0.94--1.26~\textmu m (NIR). A mosaic of two Hamamatsu 2k$\times$4k, 15~\textmu m pixel CCDs records the spectra in the blue and red channels, while the NIR channel employs a 4k$\times$4k, substrate-removed HAWAII-4RG array from Teledyne, with 15~\textmu m pixels and a 1.7~\textmu m wavelength cutoff. VPH gratings were an obvious choice for PFS and a set of three prototype VPH gratings (one each of the blue, red, and NIR designs) was ordered and has been recently delivered. In this paper we present the design and specifications for the PFS gratings, the plan and setups used for testing both the prototype and final gratings, and results from recent optical testing of the prototype grating set.
description: 18 pages, 20 figures SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014, Montreal
Fuzzy bags, Polyakov loop and gauge/string duality
Creators: name: Zuo, Fen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Confinement in SU($N$) gauge theory is due to the linear potential between colored objects. At short distances, the linear contribution could be considered as the quadratic correction to the leading Coulomb term. Recent lattice data show that such quadratic corrections also appear in the deconfined phase, in both the thermal quantities and the Polyakov loop. These contributions are studied systematically employing the gauge/string duality. "Confinement" in ${\mathcal N}=4$ SU($N$) Super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory could be achieved kinematically when the theory is defined on a compact space manifold. In the large-$N$ limit, deconfinement of ${\mathcal N}=4$ SYM on $\mathbb{S}^3$ at strong coupling is dual to the Hawking-Page phase transition in the global Anti-de Sitter spacetime. Meantime, all the thermal quantities and the Polyakov loop achieve significant quadratic contributions. Similar results can also be obtained at weak coupling. However, when confinement is induced dynamically through the local dilaton field in the gravity-dilaton system, these contributions can not be generated consistently. This is in accordance with the fact that there is no dimension-2 gauge-invariant operator in the boundary gauge theory. Based on these results, we suspect that quadratic corrections, and also confinement, should be due to global or non-local effects in the bulk spacetime.
description: 6 pages, presented at 7th Edition of the International Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD@Work 2014), 16-19 June, Giovinazzo (Bari - Italy)
Controllable growth of 1-7 layers of graphene by chemical vapour deposition
Creators: name: Tu, Zhiqiang
name: Liu, Zhuchen
name: Li, Yongfeng
name: Yang, Fan
name: Zhang, Liqiang
name: Zhao, Zhen
name: Xu, Chunming
name: Wu, Shangfei
name: Liu, Hongwen
name: Yang, Haitao
name: Richard, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that graphene films with thickness ranging from 1 to 7 layers can be controllably synthesized on the surface of polycrystalline copper by a chemical vapour deposition method. The number of layers of graphene is controlled precisely by regulating the flow ratio of CH4 and H2, the reaction pressure, the temperature and the reaction time. The synthesized graphene films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the graphene films transferred from copper to other substrates are found to have a good optical transmittance that makes them suitable for transparent conductive materials.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures. This is the authors' version. The published, high resolution version of this paper, Copyright (2014) by Elsevier, can be found at http://www.journals.elsevier.com/carbon/
An Interview With Steve Fuller. Are Science And Religion In Conflict?
Creators: name: STEVE FULLER
Publisher: name: Социология науки и технологий
Year: 2016

description: Профессор факультета социологии Уорикского университета (Великобритания), основатель и первый редактор журнала «Социальная эпистемология» Стив Фуллер является одним из ключевых исследователей в области социологии и философии науки. Помимо социологических исследований С. Фуллер написал ряд книг о взаимоотношениях науки и религии, в которых он отстаивает креационистские взгляды. Журналу «Социология науки и технологий», членом редколлегии которого он является, проф. Фуллер предоставил право опубликовать интервью, посвященное этому вопросу
Optical gyrotropy in quadrupolar Kondo systems
Creators: name: Lee, SungBin
name: Paramekanti, Arun
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments point to a variety of intermetallic systems which exhibit exotic quadrupolar orders driven by the Kondo coupling between conduction electrons and localized quadrupolar degrees of freedom. Using a Luttinger k.p Hamiltonian for the conduction electrons, we study the impact of such quadrupolar order on their energies and wave functions. We discover that such quadrupolar orders can induce a nontrivial Berry curvature for the conduction electron bands, leading to a nonvanishing optical gyrotropic effect. We estimate the magnitude of the gyrotropic response in a candidate quadrupolar material, PrPb3, and discuss the resulting Faraday rotation in thin films.
description: 4+ pages, 2 figures
Supporting information for workshop on data analytics and machine learning (DA/ML) in Ghana: exploring the intersection between academic and industry
Creators: name: Asamoah, Daniel A
name: Adabor, Emmanuel S.
name: Adjei, Joseph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data Analytics
machine learning
academia
visualization

description: This repository contains supplementary information supporting the workshop report entitled "Data Analytics and Machine Learning (DA/ML) in Ghana: Exploring the Intersection between Academia and Industry". Its content include the code used during the Data Cleaning and Storytelling sessions,  notes and code used during the deep learning session, datasets and an analysis of feedback from post-workshop survey.
Pinpointing Extragalactic Neutrino Sources in Light of Recent IceCube Observations
Creators: name: Ahlers, Markus
name: Halzen, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The IceCube Collaboration has recently reported the observation of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. The angular distribution of events is consistent with an isotropic arrival direction of neutrinos which is expected for an extragalactic origin. We estimate the prospects of detecting individual neutrino sources from a quasi-diffuse superposition of many extragalactic sources at the level of the IceCube observation. Our analysis takes into account ensemble variations of the source distribution as well as the event statistics of individual sources. We show that IceCube in its present configuration is sensitive to rare < 10^-8 Mpc^-3 yr^-1 transient source classes within 5 years of operation via the observation of multiplets. Identification of time-independent sources is more challenging due to larger backgrounds. We estimate that during the same period IceCube is sensitive to sparse sources with densities of < 10^-6 Mpc^-3 via association of events with the closest 100 sources of an ensemble. We show that a next-generation neutrino observatory with 5 times the effective area of IceCube and otherwise similar detector performance would increase the sensitivity to source densities and rates by about two orders of magnitude.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
title: Πολυκριτηριακή ανάλυση χωροθέτησης φωτοβολταϊκών πάρκων σε περιβάλλον ΓΣΠ: η περίπτωση της Περιφέρειας Θεσσαλίας
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κωνσταντόπουλος, Διονύσιος
Publisher: name: University of Thessaly
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: ΦΩΤΟΒΟΛΤΑΪΚΑ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ
subject: ΑΝΑΝΕΩΣΙΜΕΣ ΠΗΓΕΣ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΣ
subject: ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΚΑ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ -- ΣΧΕΔΙΑΣΜΟΣ

description: Σημείωση: διατίθεται συμπληρωματικό υλικό σε ξεχωριστό αρχείο.
Nonlinear optical magnetometry with accessible in situ optical squeezing
Creators: name: Otterstrom, N.
name: Pooser, R. C.
name: Lawrie, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate compact and accessible squeezed-light magnetometry using four-wave mixing in a single hot rubidium vapor cell. The strong intrinsic coherence of the four wave mixing process results in nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) on each mode of a two mode relative-intensity squeezed state. This framework enables 4.7 dB of quantum noise reduction while the opposing polarization rotation signals of the probe and conjugate fields add to increase the total signal to noise ratio.
Developing Engineering Model Cobra fiber positioners for the Subaru Telescope Prime Focus Spectrometer
Creators: name: Fisher, Charles
name: Morantz, Chaz
name: Braun, David
name: Seiffert, Michael
name: Aghazarian, Hrand
name: Partos, Eamon
name: King, Matthew
name: Hovland, Larry
name: Schwochert, Mark
name: Kaluzny, Joel
name: Capocasale, Christopher
name: Houck, Andrew
name: Gross, Johannes
name: Reiley, Dan
name: Mao, Peter
name: Riddle, Reed
name: Bui, Khanh
name: Henderson, David
name: Haran, Todd
name: Culhane, Rob
name: Piazza, Daniele
name: Walkama, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cobra fiber positioner is being developed by the California Institute of Technology (CIT) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) instrument that will be installed at the Subaru Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. PFS is a fiber fed multi-object spectrometer that uses an array of Cobra fiber positioners to rapidly reconfigure 2394 optical fibers at the prime focus of the Subaru Telescope that are capable of positioning a fiber to within 5um of a specified target location. A single Cobra fiber positioner measures 7.7mm in diameter and is 115mm tall. The Cobra fiber positioner uses two piezo-electric rotary motors to move a fiber optic anywhere in a 9.5mm diameter patrol area. In preparation for full-scale production of 2550 Cobra positioners an Engineering Model (EM) version was developed, built and tested to validate the design, reduce manufacturing costs, and improve system reliability. The EM leveraged the previously developed prototype versions of the Cobra fiber positioner. The requirements, design, assembly techniques, development testing, design qualification and performance evaluation of EM Cobra fiber positioners are described here. Also discussed is the use of the EM build and test campaign to validate the plans for full-scale production of 2550 Cobra fiber positioners scheduled to begin in late-2014.
Discourse outcomes in anomia treatment for aphasia (Cavanaugh et al., 2024)
Creators: name: Cavanaugh, Robert
name: Dickey, Michael Walsh
name: Hula, William D.
name: Fromm, Davida
name: Golovin, Jennifer
name: Wambaugh, Julie
name: Fergadiotis, Gerasimos
name: Evans, William S.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470101
subject: Communication studies
classificationCode: 460208
subject: Natural language processing

description:
Supplemental Material S1. Statistical analysis.Supplemental Material S2. Supplemental: Full model results.Supplemental Material S3. Supplemental discourse scoring codebook.Supplemental Material S4. Model syntax and R session information.Supplemental Material S5. Post-hoc models: Interactions between aphasia severity (CAT mean modality T-score) and timepoint across outcome measures.Cavanaugh, R., Dickey, M. W., Hula, W. D., Fromm, D., Golovin, J., Wambaugh, J., Fergadiotis, G., & Evans, W. S. (2024). Determinants of multilevel discourse outcomes in anomia treatment for aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 67(9), 3094–3112. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00030
Simulations of star forming main sequence galaxies in Milgromian gravity
Creators: name: Nagesh, Srikanth T.
name: Kroupa, Pavel
name: Banik, Indranil
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: Ghafourian, Neda
name: Roshan, Mahmood
name: Thies, Ingo
name: Zhao, Hongsheng
name: Wittenburg, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct hydrodynamical MOND simulations of isolated disc galaxies over the stellar mass range $M_{\star}/M_\odot = 10^7 - 10^{11}$ using the adaptive mesh refinement code \textsc{phantom of ramses} (\textsc{por}), an adaptation of the \textsc{ramses} code with a Milgromian gravity solver. The scale lengths and gas fractions are based on observed galaxies, and the simulations are run for 5~Gyr. The main aim is to see whether existing sub-grid physics prescriptions for star formation and stellar feedback reproduce the observed main sequence and reasonably match the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation that captures how the local and global star formation rates relate to other properties. Star formation in the models starts soon after initialisation and continues as the models evolve. The initialized galaxies indeed evolve to a state which is on the observed main sequence, and reasonably matches the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation. The available formulation of sub-grid physics is therefore adequate and leads to galaxies that largely behave like observed galaxies, grow in radius, and have flat rotation curves $-$ provided we use Milgromian gravitation. Furthermore, the strength of the bars tends to be inversely correlated with the stellar mass of the galaxy, whereas the bar length strongly correlates with the stellar mass. Irrespective of the mass, the bar pattern speed stays constant with time, indicating that dynamical friction does not affect the bar dynamics. The models demonstrate Renzo's rule and form structures at large radii, much as in real galaxies. In this framework, baryonic physics is thus sufficiently understood to not pose major uncertainties in our modelling of global galaxy properties.
description: 22 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication by the Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Landau Renormalizations of Superfluid density in Heavy Fermion Superconductor CeCoIn5
Creators: name: Shu, Lei
name: MacLaughlin, D. E.
name: Varma, C. M.
name: Bernal, O. O.
name: Ho, P. -C.
name: Fukuda, R. H.
name: Shen, X. P.
name: Maple, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of heavy fermion bands can occur by means of the conversion of a periodic array of local moments into itinerant electrons via the Kondo effect and the huge consequent Fermi-liquid renormalizations. Leggett predicted for liquid $^3$He that Fermi-liquid renormalizations change in the superconducting state, leading to a temperature dependence of the London penetration depth~$Λ$ quite different from that in the BCS theory. Using Leggett's theory, as modified for heavy fermions, it is possible to extract from the measured temperature dependence of $Λ$ in high quality samples both Landau parameters $F_0^s$ and $F_1^s$; this has never been accomplished before. A modification of the temperature dependence of the specific heat $C_\mathrm{el}$, related to that of $Λ$, is also expected. We have carefully determined the magnitude and temperature dependence of $Λ$ in CeCoIn$_5$ by muon spin relaxation rate measurements to obtain $F_0^s = 36 \pm 1$ and $F_1^s = 1.2 \pm 0.3$, and find a consistent change in the temperature dependence of electronic specific heat $C_\mathrm{el}$. This, the first determination of $F_1^s$ with a value~$\ll F_0^s$ in a heavy fermion compound, tests the basic assumption of the theory of heavy fermions, that the frequency dependence of the self-energy is much more important than its momentum dependence.
description: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
ARCHITECTURAL SPLENDORS OF MADRASAS IN KHANATE PERIOD UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: Jurayeva, Elvira
name: Eshmurodov, Orif
name: Nurmurodova, Yulduz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article provides an insightful exploration of the architectural features and cultural significance of madrasas constructed during the Khanate period in Uzbekistan. It offers a comprehensive analysis of the key elements that define these iconic structures, including their courtyard layouts, monumental iwan entrances, mosaic tilework, minarets, domes, carved wooden details, stalactite vaulting, and calligraphic inscriptions. The article highlights specific madrasas, such as those in the Registan Ensemble, Mir-i-Arab Madrasa, Kukeldash Madrasa, Abdulaziz-Khan Madrasa, Shergazi-Khan Madrasa, and the Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasa, offering a deeper understanding of their unique architectural qualities. Furthermore, it emphasizes the enduring legacy of these madrasas in preserving Uzbekistan's historical and cultural heritage. This informative piece provides a valuable resource for those interested in Central Asian architecture, history, and the role of educational institutions in shaping the region's identity.
Spatially resolved mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar environment of the born-again object FG Sge
Creators: name: Ohnaka, K.
name: Bravo, B. A. Jara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FG Sge has evolved from the hot central star of the young planetary nebula Hen 1-5 to a G-K supergiant in the last 100 years. It is one of the three born-again objects that has been identified as of yet, and they are considered to have undergone a thermal pulse in the post-asymptotic giant branch evolution. FG Sge was observed with MIDI at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer at baselines of 43 and 46 m between 8 and 13 micron. The circumstellar dust environment of FG Sge was spatially resolved, and the Gaussian fit to the observed visibilities results in a full width at half maximum of ~10.5 mas. The observed mid-infrared visibilities and the spectral energy distribution can be fairly reproduced by optically thick (tauV ~ 8) spherical dust shell models consisting of amorphous carbon with an inner radius Rin of ~30 Rstar (corresponding to a dust temperature of 1100 +/- 100 K). The dust shell is characterized with a steep density profile proportional to r^{-3.5+/-0.5} from the inner radius Rin to (5-10) x Rin, beyond which it changes to r^{-2}. The dust mass is estimated to be ~ 7 x 10^{-7} solar mass, which translates into an average total mass-loss rate of ~9 x 10^{-6} solar mass/yr as of 2008 with a gas-to-dust ratio of 200 being adopted. In addition, the 8--13 micron spectrum obtained with MIDI with a field of view of 200 mas does not show a signatureof the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, which is in marked contrast to the spectra taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope six and 20 months before the MIDI observations with wide slit widths of 3.6--10 arcsec. This implies that the PAH emission originates from an extended region of the optically thick dust envelope, i.e., from the material ejected before the central star became H-deficient.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
La teologia boeziana nel secolo XII: i Commentari agli Opuscula sacra
Creators: name: Coppola, Mario
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: M-FIL/08 STORIA DELLA FILOSOFIA MEDIEVALE
subject: Boethius
subject: Gilberto di Poitiers
subject: Teodorico di Chartres
subject: Clarembaldo di Arras

description: 2009 - 2010
description: The research deals with the different conceptions of theology, as a field of knowledge with its own and peculiar connotations, as they have developed during the twelfth century in the commentaries of Gilbert of Poitiers, Thierry of Chartres, and Clarembald of Arras to Boethius' Opuscula sacra. In the thesis the comments are studied analytically, with emphasis on both the shared speculative elements and the reasons for the differences among the theoretical perspectives of the three authors, in such a way as to highlight the specific philosophical features of each of them. The survey is conducted in the light of the common cultural environment of the commentators, characterized by a renewed interest in the investigation of the foundations of theological discourse, by an intense movement and exchange of ideas between the monastic communities and the teachings in the cathedral schools, and by an effervescence of new studies - also sprung from the circulation of some works of late ancient Neoplatonism (especially Macrobius and Calcidius) and from incipient trends, in-depth analysis, intersections, and discovery of new texts, in the spheres of arts of the Trivium and of the Quadrivium. The work aims to illustrate what and how and what ground, according to the three commentators, it is possible to speak truthfully aboud God, on the basis of the disciplinary approach proposed by Boethius six centuries before, contextualizing their exegesis on the historical background of the new advances in the areas of grammar, rhetoric, logic and physical-cosmological thought, and also tracing the influences of both the tradition of late ancient and previous medieval speculation and the reflections undertaken by contemporary authors, with regard to theological speech and the nature of the relationship between nationality and faith. [edited by Author]
Universal dynamics and renormalization in many body localized systems
Creators: name: Altman, Ehud
name: Vosk, Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We survey the recent progress made in understanding non equilibrium dynamics in closed random systems. The emphasis is on the important role played by concepts from quantum information theory and on the application of systematic renormalization group methods to capture universal aspects of the dynamics. Finally we outline some outstanding open questions, which includee the description of the many-body localization phase transition and identifying physical systems that will allow systematic experimental study of these phenomena.
description: Invited Review for Annual Reviews of Condensed Matter Physics
Cartilha de Autocuidado SAMU 192/ Belém
Creators: name: Blanco, Silvia Cristina dos Santos
name: Pereira, Luan Auad Beltrão
name: Matos, Jaciele
name: Freire, Adna
name: Silva, Lídia
name: Lelis, Karen Laise Tavares
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Esta cartilha se propõe a oferecer alternativas de prática de autocuidado para os trabalhadores (as) da Rede de Atenção a Saúde (RAS) .
Pachakutik! The Ecuadorian indigenous identity: decolonizing social and political Andean society
Creators: name: Chabla, Angel Guillermo
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Throughout nearly 500 years, the Andean highlands were dominated by three different Empires. Tahuantinsuyo, home of the Incan dynasty, was among the most organized and was able to expand its empire from as far south as the end of the Argentinean Andes to Southern Colombia. It was built upon different networks that helped sustain the Empire. Incan scholars that were able to document their history, such as Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, offspring of noble Incan and Conquistador origin, were able to provide his depiction of the ‘peaceful’ transfers of power between the Incan Empire and former nations. The subjugation of the Ecuadorian highland indigenous peoples initially began with the first Spanish colonization that inflicted a series of social and political shifts within society. The Viceroyalty of Peru thoroughly looked at a series of different adaptations to indigenous peoples, primarily from the Ecuadorian highlands, through various periods of epidemics that would decimate native populations, often eliminating entire villages. As the 19th century began.Indigenous people were regarded as the “backward, miserable and disposable” race throughout much of the 19th century; with Ecuadorian conservative and liberal governments unraveling a series of economic and international disputes, the indigenous class was left to fend their lives in the hacienda system that remained from the Spanish colonization and utilized by the agricultural and Catholic elites to dominate their horrible and sadistic regulations amongst the Indian farmers. The new Ecuadorian republic required all citizens to have ‘basic’ prerequisites in order to be considered for citizenship, as Indians were still deemed to be of the ‘other’ within the societal system, let alone ever to influence a white-dominated Ecuadorian political system. Why study the Ecuadorian highlands? Because it is filled with people with an untold story, it is a reason to continue the decolonization efforts to bring the history that has not been told. Today, indigenous peoples of the Ecuadorian highlands continue to be oppressed but also continue to fight for their freedom, the very freedom their great-grandmothers had hoped for in their country.
Joint Downlink Base Station Association and Power Control for Max-Min Fairness: Computation and Complexity
Creators: name: Sun, Ruoyu
name: Hong, Mingyi
name: Luo, Zhi-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a heterogeneous network (HetNet) with a large number of low power base stations (BSs), proper user-BS association and power control is crucial to achieving desirable system performance. In this paper, we systematically study the joint BS association and power allocation problem for a downlink cellular network under the max-min fairness criterion. First, we show that this problem is NP-hard. Second, we show that the upper bound of the optimal value can be easily computed, and propose a two-stage algorithm to find a high-quality suboptimal solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is near-optimal in the high-SNR regime. Third, we show that the problem under some additional mild assumptions can be solved to global optima in polynomial time by a semi-distributed algorithm. This result is based on a transformation of the original problem to an assignment problem with gains $\log(g_{ij})$, where $\{g_{ij}\}$ are the channel gains.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, a shorter version submitted to IEEE JSAC
Entanglement entropy distinguishes PT-symmetry and topological phases in a class of non-unitary quantum walks
Creators: name: Itable, Gene M. M.
name: Paraan, Francis N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the hybrid entanglement entropy between coin and walker degrees of freedom in a non-unitary quantum walk. The model possesses a joint parity and time-reversal symmetry or PT-symmetry and supports topological phases when this symmetry is unbroken by its eigenstates. An asymptotic analysis at long times reveals that the quantum walk can indefinitely sustain hybrid entanglement in the unbroken symmetry phase even when gain and loss mechanisms are present. However, when the gain-loss strength is too large, the PT-symmetry of the model is spontaneously broken and entanglement vanishes. The entanglement entropy is therefore an effective and robust parameter for constructing PT-symmetry and topological phase diagrams in this non-unitary dynamical system.
description: 12 pages, 7 pdf figures. Main text is version prior to review; with updates to title, figure 3, and references; some typos corrected
Regular and Singular Pulse and Front Solutions and Possible Isochronous Behavior in the Short-Pulse Equation: Phase-Plane, Multi-Infinite Series and Variational Approaches
Creators: name: Gambino, G.
name: Tanriver, U.
name: Guha, P.
name: Choudhury, A. Ghose
name: Choudhury, S. Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we employ three recent analytical approaches to investigate the possible classes of traveling wave solutions of some members of a family of so-called short-pulse equations (SPE). A recent, novel application of phase-plane analysis is first employed to show the existence of breaking kink wave solutions in certain parameter regimes. Secondly, smooth traveling waves are derived using a recent technique to derive convergent multi-infinite series solutions for the homoclinic (heteroclinic) orbits of the traveling-wave equations for the SPE equation, as well as for its generalized version with arbitrary coefficients. These correspond to pulse (kink or shock) solutions respectively of the original PDEs. Unlike the majority of unaccelerated convergent series, high accuracy is attained with relatively few terms. And finally, variational methods are employed to generate families of both regular and embedded solitary wave solutions for the SPE PDE. The technique for obtaining the embedded solitons incorporates several recent generalizations of the usual variational technique and it is thus topical in itself. One unusual feature of the solitary waves derived here is that we are able to obtain them in analytical form (within the assumed ansatz for the trial functions). Thus, a direct error analysis is performed, showing the accuracy of the resulting solitary waves. Given the importance of solitary wave solutions in wave dynamics and information propagation in nonlinear PDEs, as well as the fact that not much is known about solutions of the family of generalized SPE equations considered here, the results obtained are both new and timely.
description: accepted for publication in Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
Bunsen Flame Setup KIT/TUD
Creators: name: Braig, Daniel
name: Fedoryk, Michal
name: TU Darmstadt
Publisher: name: Technical University of Darmstadt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data
subject: Clean Circles
subject: Bunsen Burner
subject: 404-01 Energieverfahrenstechnik
subject: 404-01 Energy Process Engineering
subject: 404-02 Technische Thermodynamik
subject: 404-02 Technical Thermodynamics
subject: 404-03 Strömungsmechanik
subject: 404-03 Fluid Mechanics
subject: 620

description: Experimental setup and numerical recommendations for the Bunsen burner setup at KIT.
A role for recurrent processing in object completion: neurophysiological, psychophysical and computational"evidence
Creators: name: Tang, Hanlin
name: Buia, Calin
name: Madsen, Joseph
name: Anderson, William S.
name: Kreiman, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recognition of objects from partial information presents a significant challenge for theories of vision because it requires spatial integration and extrapolation from prior knowledge. We combined neurophysiological recordings in human cortex with psychophysical measurements and computational modeling to investigate the mechanisms involved in object completion. We recorded intracranial field potentials from 1,699 electrodes in 18 epilepsy patients to measure the timing and selectivity of responses along human visual cortex to whole and partial objects. Responses along the ventral visual stream remained selective despite showing only 9-25% of the object. However, these visually selective signals emerged ~100 ms later for partial versus whole objects. The processing delays were particularly pronounced in higher visual areas within the ventral stream, suggesting the involvement of additional recurrent processing. In separate psychophysics experiments, disrupting this recurrent computation with a backward mask at ~75ms significantly impaired recognition of partial, but not whole, objects. Additionally, computational modeling shows that the performance of a purely bottom-up architecture is impaired by heavy occlusion and that this effect can be partially rescued via the incorporation of top-down connections. These results provide spatiotemporal constraints on theories of object recognition that involve recurrent processing to recognize objects from partial information.
Comparative Analysis of Engagement, Themes, and Causality of Ukraine-Related Debunks and Disinformation
Creators: name: Singh, Iknoor
name: Bontcheva, Kalina
name: Song, Xingyi
name: Scarton, Carolina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper compares quantitatively the spread of Ukraine-related disinformation and its corresponding debunks, first by considering re-tweets, replies, and favourites, which demonstrate that despite platform efforts Ukraine-related disinformation is still spreading wider than its debunks. Next, bidirectional post-hoc analysis is carried out using Granger causality tests, impulse response analysis and forecast error variance decomposition, which demonstrate that the spread of debunks has a positive impact on reducing Ukraine-related disinformation eventually, albeit not instantly. Lastly, the paper investigates the dominant themes in Ukraine-related disinformation and their spatiotemporal distribution. With respect to debunks, we also establish that around 18% of fact-checks are debunking claims which have already been fact-checked in another language. The latter finding highlights an opportunity for better collaboration between fact-checkers, so they can benefit from and amplify each other's debunks through translation, citation, and early publication online.
description: Published in International Conference on Social Informatics 2022 (SocInfo 2022)
Identifiability for mixtures of distributions from a location-scale family with uniforms
Creators: name: Coretto, Pietro
name: Henning, Christian
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2007
Subjects: Mixture models
identifiability
robustness

description: In this paper we study the indentifiability of a class of mixture models where a finite number of one-dimensional location scale distributions is mixed with a finite number of uniform distributions on an interval. We define identifiability and we show that, under certain conditions, the afore-mentioned class of distributions is identifiable.
Rotationally Resolved Spectroscopy of Asteroid Pairs: No Spectral Variation Suggests Fission is followed by Settling of Dust
Creators: name: Polishook, David
name: Moskovitz, Nicholas
name: DeMeo, Francesca
name: Binzel, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the spectral properties of asteroid pairs that were disrupted in the last 2 Myrs to examine whether the site of the fission can be revealed. We studied the possibility that the sub-surface material, perhaps on one hemisphere, has spectral characteristics differing from the original weathered surface, by performing rotationally-resolved spectroscopic observations to look for local variations as the asteroid rotates. We observed 11 asteroids in pairs in the near-IR and visible range. Photometry was also conducted to determine the rotational phases of a spectrum on the asteroid lightcurves. We do not detect any rotational spectral variations within the signal-to-noise, which allow us to constrain the extent of any existing surface heterogeneity. For each observed spectrum of a longitudinal segment of an asteroid, we estimate the maximal size of an un-detected "spot" with a spectral signature different than the average. For 5 asteroids the maximal diameter of such a spot is smaller by a factor of two than the diameter of the secondary member. Therefore, the site of the fission is larger than any area with a unique spectral parameters and the site of the fission does not have a unique spectrum. In the case of an S-complex asteroid, where the site of fission is expected to present non-weathered spectra, a lack of a fission spot can be explained if the rotational-fission process is followed by the spread of dust that re-accumulates on the primary asteroid and covers it homogeneously. This is demonstrated for the young asteroid 6070 that presents an Sq-type spectrum while its inner material, that is presumably revealed on the surface of its secondary member, 54827, has a fresher, Q-type spectrum. The spread of dust observed in the disruption event of asteroid P/2013 R3, might be an example of such a process and an indication that it was indeed formed in a rotational-fission event.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, 6 Tables. Accepted for publication in Icarus
Design of a 3000-pixel transition-edge sensor x-ray spectrometer for microcircuit tomography
Creators: name: Szypryt, Paul
name: Bennett, Douglas A.
name: Boone, William J.
name: Dagel, Amber L.
name: Dalton, Gabriella
name: Doriese, W. Bertrand
name: Fowler, Joseph W.
name: Garboczi, Edward J.
name: Gard, Johnathon D.
name: Hilton, Gene C.
name: Imrek, Jozsef
name: Jimenez, Edward S.
name: Kotsubo, Vincent Y.
name: Larson, Kurt
name: Levine, Zachary H.
name: Mates, John A. B.
name: McArthur, Daniel
name: Morgan, Kelsey M.
name: Nakamura, Nathan
name: O'Neil, Galen C.
name: Ortiz, Nathan J.
name: Pappas, Christine G.
name: Reintsema, Carl D.
name: Schmidt, Daniel R.
name: Swetz, Daniel S.
name: Thompson, Kyle R.
name: Ullom, Joel N.
name: Walker, Christopher
name: Weber, Joel C.
name: Wessels, Abigail L.
name: Wheeler, Jason W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feature sizes in integrated circuits have decreased substantially over time, and it has become increasingly difficult to three-dimensionally image these complex circuits after fabrication. This can be important for process development, defect analysis, and detection of unexpected structures in externally sourced chips, among other applications. Here, we report on a non-destructive, tabletop approach that addresses this imaging problem through x-ray tomography, which we uniquely realize with an instrument that combines a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a transition-edge sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer. Our approach uses the highly focused SEM electron beam to generate a small x-ray generation region in a carefully designed target layer that is placed over the sample being tested. With the high collection efficiency and resolving power of a TES spectrometer, we can isolate x-rays generated in the target from background and trace their paths through regions of interest in the sample layers, providing information about the various materials along the x-ray paths through their attenuation functions. We have recently demonstrated our approach using a 240 Mo/Cu bilayer TES prototype instrument on a simplified test sample containing features with sizes of $\sim$1 $μ$m. Currently, we are designing and building a 3000 Mo/Au bilayer TES spectrometer upgrade, which is expected to improve the imaging speed by factor of up to 60 through a combination of increased detector number and detector speed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, published in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Tamara de Lempicka's Strategic Conservatism
Creators: name: Buhr, Elizabeth Von
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Tamara de Lempicka’s seemingly pious and traditionalist period of the late 1920s and 1930s, exemplified by paintings such as La Polonaise (1933) and The Communicant (1928), appears to be a sharp departure from the Polish émigré’s celebrated erotic nudes of the early 1920s. This thesis contextualizes this stylistic and thematic shift in de Lempicka’s oeuvre within the increasingly fraught, nationalistic, and politically conservative climate of interwar Paris. I argue that de Lempicka adapted her approach to painting to overcome the increased challenges this environment posed to foreign women artists. Her strategy, which relied upon visual ambiguity and a manipulation of conservative taste, secured her financial and professional artistic success. I situate de Lempicka’s transition to traditional subjects and a classical revivalist style as part of a larger cultural trend by discussing her work in relation to her artistic milieu and to the “return to order,” a widespread artistic catalyst of the period. By analyzing the similarities between de Lempicka’s works and those of her contemporaries, including her teacher Maurice Denis and an organization of women artists known as the FAM (Femmes Artistes Modernes), I consider the influences behind de Lempicka’s strategic conservatism. I discuss de Lempicka’s adaptation of the classicizing elements and conservative connotations of the “return to order.” Her inventive use of a “return to order” style allowed her to blur the lines between religious and erotic ecstasy in her work, thereby extending her commitment to transgressive subjects and themes while simultaneously appealing to conservative tastes.
The Extragalactic Serendipitous Swift Survey (ExSeSS) -- I. Survey definition and measurements of the X-ray number counts
Creators: name: Delaney, Jack N.
name: Aird, James
name: Evans, Phil A.
name: Barlow-Hall, Cassandra
name: Osborne, Julian P.
name: Watson, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Extragalactic Serendipitous Swift Survey (ExSeSS), providing a new well-defined sample constructed from the observations performed using the Swift X-ray Telescope. The ExSeSS sample consists of 79,342 sources detected in the medium (1-2 keV), hard (2-10 keV) or total (0.3-10 keV) energy bands, covering 2086.6 deg$^{2}$ of sky across a flux range of $f_\mathrm{0.3-10keV}\sim10^{-15}-10^{-10}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. Using the new ExSeSS sample we present measurements of the differential number counts of X-ray sources as a function of 2-10 keV flux that trace the population of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in a previously unexplored regime. We find that taking the line-of-sight absorption column density into account has an effect on the differential number count measurements and is vital to obtain agreement with previous results. In the hard band, we obtain a good agreement between the ExSeSS measurements and previous, higher energy data from NuSTAR and Swift/BAT when taking into account the varying column density of the ExSeSS sample as well as the X-ray spectral parameters of each of the samples we are comparing to. We also find discrepancies between the ExSeSS measurements and AGN population synthesis models, indicating a change in the properties of the AGN population over this flux range that is not fully described by current models at these energies, hinting at a larger, moderately obscured population at low redshifts ($z\lesssim0.2$) that the models are not currently taking into account.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS. Supplementary data provided at https://www.swift.ac.uk/2SXPS/exsess/
Lyman alpha emitting and related star-forming galaxies at high redshift
Creators: name: Schaerer, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I provide an overview about star-forming galaxies at high redshift and their physical properties. Starting from the populations of Ly-$α$ emitters and Lyman break galaxies, I summarize their common features and distinction. Then I summarize recent insight onto their physical properties gained from SED models including nebular emission, and various implications from these studies on the properties of star-formation at high redshift. Finally, I present new results and an overview on the dust content and UV attenuation of $z>6$ galaxies obtained from IRAM and ALMA observations.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. To appear in "LESSONS FROM THE LOCAL GROUP - A Conference in Honour of David Block and Bruce Elmegreen", eds. Freeman, K.C., Elmegreen, B.G., Block, D.L. & Woolway, M. (SPRINGER: NEW YORK)