cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gap detection in modulated noise: Across-frequency facilitation and interference
Creators: name: Grose, John H.
name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study tested the hypothesis that a detection advantage for gaps in comodulated noise relative to random noise can be demonstrated in conditions of continuous noise and salient envelope fluctuations. Experiment 1 used five 25-Hz wide bands of Gaussian noise, low-fluctuation noise, and a noise with increased salience of the inherent fluctuations (staccato noise). The bands were centered at 444, 667, 1000, 1500, and 2250 Hz, with the gap signal always inserted in the 1000–Hz band. Results indicated that a gap detection advantage existed in continuous comodulated noise only for Gaussian and staccato noise. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the advantage did not exist for gated presentation. This experiment also showed that the advantage bore some similarity to comodulation masking release (CMR). However, differences were also noted in terms of the effects of the number of flanking bands and the absence of a detection advantage in gated conditions. The detrimental effect of a gated flanking band was less pronounced for a comodulated band than for a random band. This study indicates that, under some conditions, a detection advantage for gaps carried by a narrow band of noise can occur in the presence of comodulated flanking bands of noise.
Spectral integration of speech bands in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners
Creators: name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This investigation examined whether listeners with mild–moderate sensorineural hearing impairment have a deficit in the ability to integrate synchronous spectral information in the perception of speech. In stage 1, the bandwidth of filtered speech centered either on 500 or 2500 Hz was varied adaptively to determine the width required for approximately 15%–25% correct recognition. In stage 2, these criterion bandwidths were presented simultaneously and percent correct performance was determined in fixed block trials. Experiment 1 tested normal-hearing listeners in quiet and in masking noise. The main findings were (1) there was no correlation between the criterion bandwidths at 500 and 2500 Hz; (2) listeners achieved a high percent correct in stage 2 (approximately 80%); and (3) performance in quiet and noise was similar. Experiment 2 tested listeners with mild–moderate sensorineural hearing impairment. The main findings were (1) the impaired listeners showed high variability in stage 1, with some listeners requiring narrower and others requiring wider bandwidths than normal, and (2) hearing-impaired listeners achieved percent correct performance in stage 2 that was comparable to normal. The results indicate that listeners with mild–moderate sensorineural hearing loss do not have an essential deficit in the ability to integrate across-frequency speech information.
Mehler-Heine asymptotics for multiple orthogonal polynomials
Creators: name: Van Assche, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C45, 42C05

description: Mehler-Heine asymptotics describe the behavior of orthogonal polynomials near the edges of the interval where the orthogonality measure is supported. For Jacobi polynomials and Laguerre polynomials this asymptotic behavior near the hard edge involves Bessel functions $J_α$. We show that the asymptotic behavior near the endpoint of the interval of (one of) the measures for multiple orthogonal polynomials involves a generalization of the Bessel function. The multiple orthogonal polynomials considered are Jacobi-Angelesco polynomials, Jacobi-Piñeiro polynomials, multiple Laguerre polynomials, multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with modified Bessel functions (of the first and second kind), and multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with Meijer $G$-functions.
description: 15 pages. Typos corrected, references updated, section "concluding remarks" added
The effect of hearing impairment on the identification of speech that is modulated synchronously or asynchronously across frequency
Creators: name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study investigated the effect of mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss on the ability to identify speech in noise for vowel-consonant-vowel tokens that were either unprocessed, amplitude modulated synchronously across frequency, or amplitude modulated asynchronously across frequency. One goal of the study was to determine whether hearing-impaired listeners have a particular deficit in the ability to integrate asynchronous spectral information in the perception of speech. Speech tokens were presented at a high, fixed sound level and the level of a speech-shaped noise was changed adaptively to estimate the masked speech identification threshold. The performance of the hearing-impaired listeners was generally worse than that of the normal-hearing listeners, but the impaired listeners showed particularly poor performance in the synchronous modulation condition. This finding suggests that integration of asynchronous spectral information does not pose a particular difficulty for hearing-impaired listeners with mild/moderate hearing losses. Results are discussed in terms of common mechanisms that might account for poor speech identification performance of hearing-impaired listeners when either the masking noise or the speech is synchronously modulated.
The effect of masker level uncertainty on intensity discrimination
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Thresholds were measured for detection of an increment in level of a 60-dB SPL target tone at 1 kHz, either in quiet or in the presence of maskers at 0.5 and 2 kHz. Interval-by-interval level rove applied independently to remote masker tones substantially elevated thresholds compared to intensity discrimination in quiet, an effect on the order of 10+ dB [10log(ΔI/I)]. Asynchronous onset and stimulus envelope mismatches across frequency reduced but did not eliminate masking. A pre-interval cue to signal frequency had no effect, but cuing masker frequency reduced thresholds, whether or not masker level was also cued. About 1–2 dB of threshold elevation in these conditions can be attributed to energetic masking. Decreasing the overall presentation level and increasing masker separation essentially eliminates energetic masking; under these conditions masker level rove elevates thresholds by approximately 7 dB when the target and masker tones are gated synchronously. This masking persists even when the flanking masker tones are presented contralateral to the target. Results suggest that observers tend to listen synthetically, even in conditions when this strategy reduces sensitivity to the intensity increment.
The effect of signal-temporal uncertainty on detection in bursts of noise or a random-frequency complex
Creators: name: Leibold, Lori J.
name: Bonino, Angela Yarnell
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study examined the effect of signal-temporal uncertainty on detection of a 120-ms, 1-kHz tone in the presence of a continuous sequence of 120-ms bursts of either a broadband noise or a random-frequency, two-tone complex. Using the method of constant stimuli, signal-temporal uncertainty was defined as the difference in threshold across temporally uncertain and temporally defined listening conditions. Results indicted an average effect of signal-temporal uncertainty of 2 dB for the noise masker compared to 9 dB for the random-frequency, two-tone masker. These results suggest that signal-temporal uncertainty may be more detrimental for conditions in which informational masking dominates performance.
title: Die menschenrechtliche Situation der indigenen Bevölkerung in Nord- und Südamerika
Creators: name: Komenda, Robert
Year: 2022

description: Die UN-Deklaration der Rechte indigener Völker ist die einzige Erklärung der Vereinten Nationen zu den Rechten indigener Völker. Unter dem Blickpunkt ihrer Artikel wird die Situation indigener Völker anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus Nord- und Südamerika untersucht. Als zentraler Begriff erweist sich dabei die Herstellung eines „free, prior and informed consent“ zwischen Staat und indigenem Volk, die wiederum vom Willen zur „compliance“ in den einzelnen Staaten und ökonomischen Faktoren abhängt. Da die Deklaration selbst auf eine Definition von „indigenous peoples“ verzichtet, wird ein Vorschlag für eine Interpretation dieses Begriffes direkt aus den Formulierungen der Artikel unterbreitet. Diese versteht den Terminus als dynamisches Konzept eingebettet in den historischen Hintergrund. Im Abschluss werden Anregungen für eine zeitgemäße Weiterentwicklung der Deklaration gemacht. Dabei wird besonders die direkte Bezugnahme auf Indigene in der Migration und in den großen Städten angeregt und auf Möglichkeiten des Monitorings sowie besonderer Gesundheitsbedürfnisse Indigener Menschen hingewiesen.
description: The UN-Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is the only declaration of the United Nations on the rights of indigenous peoples. In the light of her articles, the situation of indigenous peoples is examined using selected examples from North and South America. The creation of a “free, prior and informed consent” between the state and the indigenous people, which in turn depends on the will to “compliance” in the individual states and economic factors, turns out to be a central concept. Since the declaration itself does not define “indigenous peoples”, a proposal for an interpretation of this term is made directly from the wording of the articles. This understands the term as a dynamic concept embedded in the historical background. At the end, suggestions are made for a contemporary further development of the declaration. The direct reference to indigenous people in migration and in the big cities is particularly encouraged and attention is drawn to the possibilities of monitoring and the special health needs of indigenous people.
title: Berufszufriedenheit von österreichischen Primarlehrkräften während des Distance Learning zur Zeit der COVID-19 Pandemie
Creators: name: Misak, Felicitas
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Auswirkungen des Distance Learning zur Zeit der Schulschließungen im Frühjahr 2020 durch die COVID-19-Pandemie, auf die Berufszufriedenheit der Primarlehrkräfte in Österreich. Es sollte ermittelt werden welchen Einfluss das Distance Learning auf die Berufszufriedenheit der Lehrkräfte im Allgemeinen, sowie auf die Geschlechtergruppen und spezifischer Altersgruppen, hatte. Die plötzliche Digitalisierung des Unterrichts durch das Distance Learning wird als besonderer Einfluss dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse ergeben sich aus 795 Datensätzen, die im Rahmen der Teilstudie INCL-LEA-T erhoben wurden. Die Auswertung erfolgte über das Statistikprogramm SPSS 27. Die Daten zeigen einen eindeutigen Abfall der Berufszufriedenheit der Primarlehrkräfte zur Zeit des Distance Learning. Während das Alter keinen Einfluss auf die Stärke dieses Abfalles hatte, zeigte sich das Geschlecht der Lehrperson als einflussnehmender Faktor. Männliche Primarlehrkräfte verzeichneten zur Zeit des Distance Learning einen geringeren Abfall der Berufszufriedenheit als deren weibliche Kolleginnen.
História e Evolução do Lean Manufacturing
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Lean Manufacturing

description: O Lean Manufacturing, ao longo de sua história e evolução, enfrentou diversos desafios contemporâneos que moldaram sua aplicação nas indústrias globais. A globalização aumentou a complexidade das cadeias de suprimentos, enquanto a introdução de tecnologias avançadas e a Indústria 4.0 transformaram a forma como o Lean é implementado, integrando automação e inteligência artificial. Adaptação cultural, resistência organizacional e o gerenciamento eficaz das mudanças são obstáculos comuns, especialmente ao aplicar os princípios Lean em diferentes setores, incluindo serviços e saúde. Além disso, a busca pela sustentabilidade ambiental e a necessidade de equilibrar a automação com o envolvimento humano são desafios significativos. Em um mundo em constante evolução, o Lean Manufacturing continua a enfrentar esses desafios, adaptando-se para enfrentar as demandas em rápida mudança da indústria global.
Effects of masker envelope coherence on intensity discrimination
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Masked detection threshold for a pure tone signal depends on the coherence of masker envelope fluctuation across frequency, with lower thresholds for coherent fluctuation under some conditions. The benefit of coherent masker modulation is larger for detection than for suprathreshold tasks, such as pure tone intensity discrimination [Hall, J. W. and Grose, J. H. (1995). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 847–852]. In the present study, sensitivity to increments in signal intensity was measured for a 1000-Hz signal, either a tone or a 20-Hz-wide narrowband noise. In one set of conditions the masker was one or more bands of noise, each 20 Hz wide, and in another set of conditions the masker was a single 1620-Hz-wide band of Gaussian noise or noise multiplied by the envelope of a 20-Hz bandpass noise. Coherent masker envelope fluctuation improved detection thresholds in all conditions. Intensity discrimination for a tonal standard in comodulated noise was elevated for standard levels near detection threshold and improved with increasing signal-to-noise ratio, whereas performance was uniformly poor across level for the noise standard. Results are most consistent with the interpretation that the reduced benefit of coherent masker modulation in suprathreshold intensity discrimination is due to the disruptive effects of envelope fluctuation.
Features of across-frequency envelope coherence critical for comodulation masking release
Creators: name: Grose, John H.
name: Buss, Emily
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The masking release associated with coherent amplitude modulation of the masker is dependent on the degree of envelope coherence across frequency, with the largest masking release for stimuli with perfectly comodulated envelopes. Experiments described here tested the hypothesis that the effects of reducing envelope coherence depend on the unique envelope features of the on-signal masker as compared to the flanking maskers. Maskers were amplitude-modulated tones (Experiments 1 and 3) or amplitude-modulated bands of noise (Experiment 2), and the signal was a tone; across-frequency masker coherence was manipulated to assess the effects of introducing additional modulation minima in either the on-signal or flanking masker envelopes of otherwise coherently modulated maskers. In all three experiments, the detrimental effect of disrupted modulation coherence was more severe when additional modulation minima were introduced in the flanking as compared to on-signal masker envelopes. This was the case for both ipsilateral and contralateral flanking masker presentations, indicating that within-channel cues were not responsible for this finding. Results are consistent with the interpretation that the cue underlying comodulation masking release is based on dynamic spectral features of the stimulus, with transient spectral peaks at the signal frequency reflecting addition of a signal.
Princípios Fundamentais do Lean
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Lean
Desperdícios
Nivelamento de Produção
Poka-Yoke
Andon
Kaizen
Jidoka
Trabalho Padronizado
Heijunka
Melhoria Contínua
Qualidade Integrada
Liderança Lean

description: Nos princípios fundamentais do Lean, os conceitos cruciais para a eficiência operacional e a melhoria contínua são delineados de maneira abrangente. O Lean valoriza a eliminação de desperdícios, o nivelamento da produção e a prevenção de erros através de métodos como Poka-Yoke e Andon. Além disso, enfatiza a importância da liderança eficaz, do desenvolvimento de uma cultura de sugestões e reconhecimento, e do engajamento dos funcionários em processos de melhoria contínua, como o Kaizen. Integrando princípios como Jidoka, Heijunka e Trabalho Padronizado, o Lean não apenas otimiza a produção, mas também promove uma mentalidade de inovação e eficiência em toda a organização, resultando em operações mais enxutas, produtivas e de alta qualidade.
Chiral electric separation effect in the quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Jiang, Yin
name: Huang, Xu-Guang
name: Liao, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we introduce and compute a new transport coefficient for the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at very high temperature. This new coefficient $σ_{χe}$, the CESE (Chiral Electric Separation Effect) conductivity, quantifies the amount of axial current $\vec J_A$ that is generated in response to an externally applied electric field $e\vec E$: $\vec J_A = σ_{χe} (e\vec E)$. Starting with rather general argument in the kinetic theory framework, we show how a characteristic structure $σ_{χe}\propto μμ_5$ emerges, which also indicates the CESE as an anomalous transport effect occurring only in a parity-odd environment with nonzero axial charge density $μ_5\neq 0$. Using the Hard-Thermal-Loop framework the CESE conductivity for the QGP is found to be $σ_{χe} = (\#) T\frac{{\rm Tr}_{\rm f}Q_eQ_A}{g^4\ln(1/g)} \frac{μμ_5}{T^2}$ to the leading-log accuracy with the numerical constant (#) depending on favor content, e.g. (#)$=14.5163$ for $u,d$ light flavors.
description: V1: 14 pages,3 figures. V2: Typos corrected and two new appendices added. Matches published version
Effective field theory of modified gravity on the spherically symmetric background: leading order dynamics and the odd-type perturbations
Creators: name: Kase, Ryotaro
name: Gergely, László Árpád
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider perturbations of a static and spherically symmetric background endowed with a metric tensor and a scalar field in the framework of the effective field theory of modified gravity. We employ the previously developed 2+1+1 canonical formalism of a double Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) decomposition of space-time, which singles out both time and radial directions. Our building block is a general gravitational action that depends on scalar quantities constructed from the 2+1+1 canonical variables and the lapse. Variation of the action up to first-order in perturbations gives rise to three independent background equations of motion, as expected from spherical symmetry. The dynamical equations of linear perturbations follow from the second-order Lagrangian after a suitable gauge fixing. We derive conditions for the avoidance of ghosts and Laplacian instabilities for the odd-type perturbations. We show that our results not only incorporates those derived in the most general scalar-tensor theories with second-order equations of motion (the Horndeski theories) but they can be applied to more generic theories beyond Horndeski.
description: 23 pages
Masking release for words in amplitude-modulated noise as a function of modulation rate and task
Creators: name: Grose, John H.
name: Buss, Emily
name: Whittle, Lisa N.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: For normal-hearing listeners, masked speech recognition can improve with the introduction of masker amplitude modulation. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that this masking release is due in part to an interaction between the temporal distribution of cues necessary to perform the task and the probability of those cues temporally coinciding with masker modulation minima. Stimuli were monosyllabic words masked by speech-shaped noise, and masker modulation was introduced via multiplication with a raised sinusoid of 2.5–40 Hz. Tasks included detection, three-alternative forced-choice identification, and open-set identification. Overall, there was more masking release associated with the closed than the open-set tasks. The best rate of modulation also differed as a function of task; whereas low modulation rates were associated with best performance for the detection and three-alternative identification tasks, performance improved with modulation rate in the open-set task. This task-by-rate interaction was also observed when amplitude-modulated speech was presented in a steady masker, and for low- and high-pass filtered speech presented in modulated noise. These results were interpreted as showing that the optimal rate of amplitude modulation depends on the temporal distribution of speech cues and the information required to perform a particular task.
Finite volume corrections and decay of correlations in the canonical ensemble
Creators: name: Pulvirenti, Elena
name: Tsagkarogiannis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B05

description: We consider a classical system of $N$ particles confined in a box $Λ\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ interacting via a finite range pair potential. Given the validity of the cluster expansion in the canonical ensemble we compute the error between the finite and the infinite volume free energy and estimate it to be bounded by the area of the surface of the box's boundary over its volume. We also compute the truncated two-point correlation function and find that the contribution from the ideal gas case is of the order $1/N$ while the contribution of the interactions is of the order $1/|Λ|$ plus an exponentially small error with the distance.
Emergence of magnetism and controlling factors of superconductivity in Li/Na-ammonia co-intercalated FeSe1-zTez
Creators: name: Lei, Hechang
name: Guo, Jiangang
name: Hayashi, Fumitaka
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of superconductivity in alkali-ammonia co-intercalated FeSe has generated intensive interest because of their highest Tc (~ 45 K) among iron-chalcogenide superconductors with bulk form. Here, we report the phase diagrams of two series of Li/Na-ammonia co-intercalated FeSe1-zTez. When superconductivity is suppressed by Te doping, the magnetic ordering states are emergent. Moreover, a novel phase Lix(NH3)yFe2-δTe2 with possible antiferromagnetism is discovered. This strongly indicates the intimate relation between superconductivity and magnetism in these materials, like in other iron-based superconductors. On the other hand, comparative structure analysis with FeSe1-zTez suggests that although there is remarkable similarity in phase diagrams for both iron-chalcogenide and iron-pnictide superconductors, the different types of anions with different charges lead to the dissimilar controlling factors in superconductivity for both classes of materials. This opens up an opportunity to tune the superconductivity in iron-chalcogenide superconductors in more ways than just one.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures and 2 tables
Microbubble tunneling in gel phantoms
Creators: name: Caskey, Charles F.
name: Qin, Shengping
name: Ferrara, Katherine W.
name: Dayton, Paul A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Insonified microbubbles were observed in vessels within a gel with a Young’s modulus similar to that of tissue, demonstrating shape instabilities, liquid jets, and the formation of small tunnels. In this study, tunnel formulation occurred in the direction of the propagating ultrasound wave, where radiation pressure directed the contact of the bubble and gel, facilitating the activity of the liquid jets. Combinations of ultrasonic parameters and microbubble concentrations that are relevant for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery and that lead to tunnel formation were applied and the resulting tunnel formation was quantified.
Optical tracking of acoustic radiation force impulse-induced dynamics in a tissue-mimicking phantom
Creators: name: Bouchard, Richard R.
name: Pinton, Gianmarco F.
name: Dayton, Paul A.
name: Palmeri, Mark L.
name: Streeter, Jason E.
name: Trahey, Gregg E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Optical tracking was utilized to investigate the acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI)-induced response, generated by a 5-MHz piston transducer, in a translucent tissue-mimicking phantom. Suspended 10-μm microspheres were tracked axially and laterally at multiple locations throughout the field of view of an optical microscope with 0.5-μm displacement resolution, in both dimensions, and at frame rates of up to 36 kHz. Induced dynamics were successfully captured before, during, and after the ARFI excitation at depths of up to 4.8 mm from the phantom’s proximal boundary. Results are presented for tracked axial and lateral displacements resulting from on-axis and off-axis (i.e., shear wave) acquisitions; these results are compared to matched finite element method modeling and independent ultrasonically based empirical results and yielded reasonable agreement in most cases. A shear wave reflection, generated by the proximal boundary, consistently produced an artifact in tracked displacement data later in time (i.e., after the initial ARFI-induced displacement peak). This tracking method provides high-frame-rate, two-dimensional tracking data and thus could prove useful in the investigation of complex ARFI-induced dynamics in controlled experimental settings.
Saving Bees with Computer Science: A Way to Spark Enthusiasm and Interest through Interdisciplinary Online Courses
Creators: name: Marquardt, Kai
name: Happe, Lucia
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Interdisciplinary curriculum
interest
gender
diversity
beginner
e-learning
STEM

description: In computer science education (CSEd) it is a well-known challenge to create learning environments in which everyone can experience equal opportunities to identify themselves with the subject, get involved, and feel engaged. Especially for underrepresented groups such as girls or not computer enthusiasts, CSEd seems to lack sufficient opportunities at its current state. In this paper, we present a novel approach of using interdisciplinary online courses in the context of bee mortality and discuss the possibilities of such courses to enhance diverse learning in CSEd. We report summarized findings from a one-year period, including 16 workshops where over 160 secondary school students (aged 10-16) have participated in our online courses. Pre-test-post-test surveys have been conducted to gain insights into students' perceptions and attitude changes. The results show the potential of such interdisciplinary approaches to spark interest in computer science (CS) and to rise positive feelings toward programming. Particularly striking are the results from differentiated analyses of students grouped by characteristics such as low initial self-efficacy, coding aversion, or less computer affinity. We found multiple significant effects of our courses to impact students of those groups positively. Our results clearly indicate the potential of interdisciplinary CSEd to address a more diverse audience, especially traditionally underrepresented groups.
CνB absorption line in the neutrino spectrum at IceCube
Creators: name: Ibe, Masahiro
name: Kaneta, Kunio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed neutrino flux can be as a whole well fitted by a simple power-law of the neutrino energy $E_ν$, $E_ν^{-γ_ν}$ ($γ_ν\simeq 2$). As a notable feature of the spectrum, however, it has a gap between 500 TeV and 1 PeV. Although the existence of the gap in the neutrino spectrum is not statistically significant at this point, it is very enticing to ask whether it might hint some physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we investigate a possibility that the gap can be interpreted as an absorption line in the power-law spectrum by the cosmic neutrino background through a new resonance in the MeV range. We also show that the absorption line has rich information about not only the MeV scale new particle but also the neutrino masses as well as the distances to the astrophysical sources of the high energy neutrinos. Viable models to achieve this possibility are also discussed.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Psychometric functions for pure tone intensity discrimination: Slope differences in school-aged children and adults
Creators: name: Hall, Joseph W.
name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Previous work on pure tone intensity discrimination in school-aged children concluded that children might have higher levels of internal noise than adults for this task [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 2777–2788 (2006)]. If true, this would imply that psychometric function slopes are shallower for children than adults, a prediction that was tested in the present experiment. Normal hearing children (5–9 yr) and adults were tested in a two-stage protocol. The first stage used a tracking procedure to estimate 71% correct for intensity discrimination with a gated 500 Hz pure tone and a 65 dB sound pressure level standard level. The mean and standard deviation of these tracks were used to identify a set of five signal levels for each observer. In the second stage of the experiment percent correct was estimated at these five levels. Psychometric functions fitted to these data were significantly shallower for children than adults, as predicted by the internal noise hypothesis. Data from both stages of testing are consistent with a model wherein performance is based on a stable psychometric function, with sensitivity limited by psychometric function slope. Across observers the relationship between slope and threshold conformed closely to predictions of a simple signal detection model.
Robust manipulation of superconducting qubits in the presence of fluctuations
Creators: name: Dong, Daoyi
name: Chen, Chunlin
name: Qi, Bo
name: Petersen, Ian R.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting quantum systems are promising candidates for quantum information processing due to their scalability and design flexibility. However, the existence of defects, fluctuations, and inaccuracies is unavoidable for practical superconducting quantum circuits. In this paper, a sampling-based learning control (SLC) method is used to guide the design of control fields for manipulating superconducting quantum systems. Numerical results for one-qubit systems and coupled two-qubit systems show that the "smart" fields learned using the SLC method can achieve robust manipulation of superconducting qubits, even in the presence of large fluctuations and inaccuracies.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Filosofia Lean e Cultura Organizacional
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Filosofia Lean
Cultura Lean
Qualidade Lean
Feedback Lean
Inovação Lean
Confiança Lean
Colaboração Lean
Mentalidade Lean
Liderança Lean
Responsabilidade Lean

description: A filosofia Lean e a cultura organizacional convergem em princípios essenciais que transformam não apenas a maneira como as empresas operam, mas também como os colaboradores interagem e crescem. Desde o foco na qualidade e satisfação do cliente até a integridade e ética nos negócios, passando pela transparência, feedback construtivo e aprendizado com erros, a abordagem Lean cria uma sinergia entre os aspectos humanos e operacionais das organizações. Ao promover a mentalidade sistêmica, o trabalho em equipe, a inovação, a colaboração interdepartamental, o empoderamento dos funcionários e a liderança transformacional, as empresas não apenas otimizam seus processos, mas também cultivam um ambiente onde a confiança, credibilidade e responsabilidade social corporativa florescem. Essa abordagem holística não apenas impulsiona a eficiência operacional, mas também constrói culturas organizacionais vibrantes, onde a melhoria contínua é não apenas uma estratégia, mas uma filosofia de vida empresarial.
Crop diversification to reduce wind erosion hazard in a semiarid blown-sand area of Hungary
Creators: name: Lóczy, Dénes
name: Dezső, József
name: Puhl-Rezsek, Marietta
name: Tarjányi, Ferenc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: wind erosion
soil moisture
surface roughness
sand region
root growth
Hungary

description: The presentation investigates interactions between cover crops with crop height, ground roughness, root development, soil moisture content and wind erosion in an asparagus plantation of the central semiarid region of Hungary.
Higgs production in association with bottom quarks
Creators: name: Wiesemann, M.
name: Frederix, R.
name: Frixione, S.
name: Hirschi, V.
name: Maltoni, F.
name: Torrielli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of a Higgs boson in association with bottom quarks in hadronic collisions, and present phenomenological predictions relevant to the 13 TeV LHC. Our results are accurate to the next-to-leading order in QCD, and matched to parton showers through the MC@NLO method; thus, they are fully differential and based on unweighted events, which we shower by using both Herwig++ and Pythia8. We perform the computation in both the four-flavour and the five-flavour schemes, whose results we compare extensively at the level of exclusive observables. In the case of the Higgs transverse momentum, we also consider the analytically-resummed cross section up to the NNLO+NNLL accuracy. In addition, we analyse at ${\cal O}(α_S^3)$ the effects of the interference between the $b\bar{b}H$ and gluon-fusion production modes.
description: 33 pages, 17 figures
Release from informational masking in children: Effect of multiple signal bursts
Creators: name: Bonino, Angela Yarnell
name: Leibold, Lori J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This study examined the degree to which increasing the number of signal presentations provides children with a release from informational masking. Listeners were younger children (5–7 years), older children (8–10 years), and adults. Detection thresholds were measured for a sequence of repeating 50-ms bursts of a 1000-Hz pure-tone signal embedded in a sequence of 10- and 50-ms bursts of a random-frequency, two-tone masker. Masker bursts were played at an overall level of 60-dB sound pressure level in each interval of a two-interval, forced choice adaptive procedure. Performance was examined for conditions with two, four, five, and six signal bursts. Regardless of the number of signal bursts, thresholds for most children were higher than thresholds for most adults. Despite developmental effects in informational masking, however, masked threshold decreased with additional signal bursts by a similar amount for younger children, older children, and adults. The magnitude of masking release for both groups of children and for adults was inconsistent with absolute energy detection. Instead, increasing the number of signal bursts appears to aid children in the perceptual segregation of the fixed-frequency signal from the random-frequency masker as has been previously reported for adults [Kidd, G., et al. (2003). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2835–2845].
Electromagnetic signatures of far-field gravitational radiation in the 1+3 approach
Creators: name: Chua, Alvin J. K.
name: Cañizares, Priscilla
name: Gair, Jonathan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves from astrophysical sources can interact with background electromagnetic fields, giving rise to distinctive and potentially detectable electromagnetic signatures. In this paper, we study such interactions for far-field gravitational radiation using the 1+3 approach to relativity. Linearised equations for the electromagnetic field on perturbed Minkowski space are derived and solved analytically. The inverse Gertsenshtein conversion of gravitational waves in a static electromagnetic field is rederived, and the resultant electromagnetic radiation is shown to be significant for highly magnetised pulsars in compact binary systems. We also obtain a variety of nonlinear interference effects for interacting gravitational and electromagnetic waves, although wave-wave resonances previously described in the literature are absent when the electric-magnetic self-interaction is taken into account. The fluctuation and amplification of electromagnetic energy flux as the gravitational wave strength increases towards the gravitational-electromagnetic frequency ratio is a possible signature of gravitational radiation from extended astrophysical sources.
description: Published version
Measurement of the muon reconstruction performance of the ATLAS detector using 2011 and 2012 LHC proton-proton collision data
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the performance of the ATLAS muon reconstruction during the LHC run with $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7-8$ TeV in 2011-2012, focusing mainly on data collected in 2012. Measurements of the reconstruction efficiency and of the momentum scale and resolution, based on large reference samples of $J/ψ\to μμ$, $Z\to μμ$ and $Υ\toμμ$ decays, are presented and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Corrections to the simulation, to be used in physics analysis, are provided. Over most of the covered phase space (muon $|η|<2.7$ and $5 \lesssim p_{\mathrm{T}} \lesssim 100$ GeV) the efficiency is above $99\%$ and is measured with per-mille precision. The momentum resolution ranges from $1.7\%$ at central rapidity and for transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm{T}} \simeq 10$ GeV, to $4\%$ at large rapidity and $p_{\mathrm{T}} \simeq 100$ GeV. The momentum scale is known with an uncertainty of $0.05\%$ to $0.2\%$ depending on rapidity. A method for the recovery of final state radiation from the muons is also presented.
description: 21 pages plus author list + cover pages (34 pages total), 21 figures, 2 tables, submitted to EPJC, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/PERF-2014-05/
Design and discovery of a novel Half-Heusler transparent hole conductor made of all-metallic heavy elements
Creators: name: Yan, Feng
name: Zhang, Xiuwen
name: Yu, Yonggang
name: Yu, Liping
name: Nagaraja, Arpun
name: Mason, Thomas O.
name: Zunger, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallic conductors that are optically transparent represent a rare breed of generally contraindicated physical properties that are nevertheless critically needed for application where both functionalities are crucial. Such rare materials have traditionally been searched in the general chemical neighborhood of compounds containing metal oxides, expected to be wide gap insulators that might be doped to induce conductivity.Focusing on the family of 18 valence electron ABX compounds we have searched theoretically for the ability of the compound's electronic structure to simultaneously lead to optical transparency, in parallel with the ability of its intrinsic defect structures to produce uncompensated free holes.This led to the prediction of a stable, never before synthesized TaIrGe compound made of all-metal heavy atom compound as the "best of class" from the V-IX-IV group. Laboratory synthesis then found it to be stable in the predicted crystal structure and p-type transparent conductor with measured strong direct absorption of 3.36 eV and remarkably high (albeit not predicted) hole mobility of 2730 cm2/Vs at room temperature. This methodology opens the way to future searches of transparent conductors in unexpected chemical groups.
description: 5 figures
Within- and across-channel factors in the multiband comodulation masking release paradigm
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Grose, John H.
name: Hall, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Maskers made up of comodulated narrow bands of noise can result in a signal detection advantage due to both within- and across-channel processes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether contributions from these processes could be differentiated on the basis of two stimulus manipulations: (1) onset∕offset asynchrony across bands and (2) introduction of a random temporal fringe surrounding the comodulated bands. The hypothesis was that only masking release due to across-channel processing would be disrupted by these manipulations. Five-band comodulated maskers were constructed, and the availability of within- and across-channel cues was varied by adjusting the frequency spacing of the bands; both logarithmic and linear spacings were tested. The signal was a 1 kHz pure tone. Onset∕offset asynchrony had different effects depending on the characteristics of the asynchrony. The results were consistent with an interpretation that across-channel, but not within-channel, masking release was disrupted when the flanking bands were presented continuously and the on-signal band was gated. However, the results suggested that both the across-channel and the within-channel masking release were disrupted in conditions where the on-signal band was continuous and the flanking bands were gated on, as well as in conditions where a random temporal fringe was present.
Excitation-based and informational masking of a tonal signal in a four-tone masker
Creators: name: Buss, Emily
name: Leibold, Lori J.
name: Hitchens, Jack J.
name: Neff, Donna L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This study examined contributions of peripheral excitation and informational masking to the variability in masking effectiveness observed across samples of multi-tonal maskers. Detection thresholds were measured for a 1000-Hz signal presented simultaneously with each of 25, four-tone masker samples. Using a two-interval, forced-choice adaptive task, thresholds were measured with each sample fixed throughout trial blocks for ten listeners. Average thresholds differed by as much as 26 dB across samples. An excitation-based model of partial loudness [Moore, B. C. J. et al. (1997). J. Audio Eng. Soc. 45, 224–237] was used to predict thresholds. These predictions accounted for a significant portion of variance in the data of several listeners, but no relation between the model and data was observed for many listeners. Moreover, substantial individual differences, on the order of 41 dB, were observed for some maskers. The largest individual differences were found for maskers predicted to produce minimal excitation-based masking. In subsequent conditions, one of five maskers was randomly presented in each interval. The difference in performance for samples with low versus high predicted thresholds was reduced in random compared to fixed conditions. These findings are consistent with a trading relation whereby informational masking is largest for conditions in which excitation-based masking is smallest.
Robust parameter estimation for compact binaries with ground-based gravitational-wave observations using the LALInference software library
Creators: name: Veitch, John
name: Raymond, Vivien
name: Farr, Benjamin
name: Farr, Will M.
name: Graff, Philip
name: Vitale, Salvatore
name: Aylott, Ben
name: Blackburn, Kent
name: Christensen, Nelson
name: Coughlin, Michael
name: Del Pozzo, Walter
name: Feroz, Farhan
name: Gair, Jonathan
name: Haster, Carl-Johan
name: Kalogera, Vicky
name: Littenberg, Tyson
name: Mandel, Ilya
name: O'Shaughnessy, Richard
name: Pitkin, Matthew
name: Rodriguez, Carl
name: Röver, Christian
name: Sidery, Trevor
name: Smith, Rory
name: Van Der Sluys, Marc
name: Vecchio, Alberto
name: Vousden, Will
name: Wade, Leslie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detectors will begin operation in the coming years, with compact binary coalescence events a likely source for the first detections. The gravitational waveforms emitted directly encode information about the sources, including the masses and spins of the compact objects. Recovering the physical parameters of the sources from the GW observations is a key analysis task. This work describes the LALInference software library for Bayesian parameter estimation of compact binary signals, which builds on several previous methods to provide a well-tested toolkit which has already been used for several studies. We show that our implementation is able to correctly recover the parameters of compact binary signals from simulated data from the advanced GW detectors. We demonstrate this with a detailed comparison on three compact binary systems: a binary neutron star, a neutron star black hole binary and a binary black hole, where we show a cross-comparison of results obtained using three independent sampling algorithms. These systems were analysed with non-spinning, aligned spin and generic spin configurations respectively, showing that consistent results can be obtained even with the full 15-dimensional parameter space of the generic spin configurations. We also demonstrate statistically that the Bayesian credible intervals we recover correspond to frequentist confidence intervals under correct prior assumptions by analysing a set of 100 signals drawn from the prior. We discuss the computational cost of these algorithms, and describe the general and problem-specific sampling techniques we have used to improve the efficiency of sampling the compact binary coalescence parameter space.