cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The correlation functions of vertex operators and Macdonald polynomials
Creators: name: Cheng, Shun-Jen
name: Wang, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The n-point correlation functions introduced by Bloch and Okounkov have already found several geometric connections and algebraic generalizations. In this Note we formulate a q,t-deformation of this n-point function. The key operator used in our formulation arises from the theory of Macdonald polynomials and affords a vertex operator interpretation. We obtain closed formulas for the n-point functions when n =1,2 in terms of the basic hypergeometric functions. We further generalize the q,t-deformed n-point function to more general vertex operators.
description: 12 pages
The Sensitivity of Power System Expansion Models
Creators: name: Schyska, Bruno U.
name: Kies, Alexander
name: Schlott, Markus
name: von Bremen, Lueder
name: Medjroubi, Wided
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power system expansion models are a widely used tool for planning powersystems, especially considering the integration of large shares of renewableresources. The backbone of these models is an optimization problem, whichdepends on a number of economic and technical parameters. Although theseparameters contain significant uncertainties, the sensitivity of power systemmodels to these uncertainties is barely investigated. In this work, we introduce a novel method to quantify the sensitivity ofpower system models to different model parameters based on measuring theadditional cost arising from misallocating generation capacities. The value ofthis method is proven by three prominent test cases: the definition of capitalcost, different weather periods and different spatial and temporal resolutions.We find that the model is most sensitive to the temporal resolution. Fur-thermore, we explain why the spatial resolution is of minor importance andwhy the underlying weather data should be chosen carefully.
Is nuclear matter perturbative with low-momentum interactions?
Creators: name: Bogner, S. K.
name: Schwenk, A.
name: Furnstahl, R. J.
name: Nogga, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonperturbative nature of inter-nucleon interactions is explored by varying the momentum cutoff of a two-nucleon potential. Conventional force models, which have large cutoffs, are nonperturbative because of strong short-range repulsion, the iterated tensor interaction, and the presence of bound or nearly-bound states. But for low-momentum interactions with cutoffs around 2 fm^{-1}, the softened potential combined with Pauli blocking leads to corrections in nuclear matter in the particle-particle channel that are well converged at second order in the potential, suggesting that perturbation theory can be used in place of Brueckner resummations. Calculations of nuclear matter using the low-momentum two-nucleon force V_{low k} with a corresponding leading-order three-nucleon (3N) force from chiral effective field theory (EFT) exhibit nuclear binding in the Hartree-Fock approximation, and become less cutoff dependent with the inclusion of the dominant second-order contributions. The role of the 3N force is essential to obtain saturation, and the contribution to the total potential energy is compatible with EFT power-counting estimates.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, references and attractive c4 contribution added, figures updated, conclusions unchanged; minor additions, to appear in Nucl. Phys. A
The Benefits and Beneficiaries of "Public" Investment in Herbicide Use Research and Development
Creators: name: Crowe, Bronwyn
name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: Llewellyn, Rick S.
name: Crowe, Bronwyn
name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: Llewellyn, Rick S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The allocation of benefits from research and development of new herbicide uses is dependent on patent status. The agricultural chemical industry will preferentially invest in herbicide R&D that increases the use of on-patent herbicides from which a company can capture a price premium. The distribution of benefits from increased use of on-patent herbicide will alter over time, with grain growers benefiting at the expense of agrichemical companies once the patent expires. Public sector investment in herbicide R&D may also benefit the agrichemical industry. The size and allocation of the benefits from R&D into on-patent herbicides is analyzed using economic surplus techniques. Two case studies are examined. One involves research into the choice and application of herbicide for new wheat varieties. The second case study involves returns from R&D investment in research into an alternative for the commonly used off-patent herbicide trifluralin. The results from the case studies show that herbicide patent status may not have important implications for "public" R&D investment decisions.
Saturation mechanism of the Weibel instability in weakly magnetized plasmas
Creators: name: Kato, Tsunehiko N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The saturation mechanism of the Weibel instability is investigated theoretically by considering the evolution of currents in numerous cylindrical beams that are generated in the initial stage of the instability. Based on a physical model of the beams, it is shown that the magnetic field strength attains a maximum value when the currents in the beams evolve into the Alfven current and that there exist two saturation regimes. The theoretical prediction of the magnetic field strength at saturation is in good agreement with the results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations for a wide range of initial anisotropy.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX. Accepted for publication in Phys. Plasmas
Decomposing Changes in Agricultural Producer Prices
Creators: name: Liefert, William M.
name: Liefert, William M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: agricultural prices
subject: price transmission
subject: exchange rates
subject: trade policy
subject: Russian agriculture
subject: developing economies
subject: transition economies

description: This paper develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural producer prices. The method builds on a procedure used by the World Bank, with the key variables in the decomposition being trade prices, exchange rates, and agricultural trade policies. The main ways by which we expand on the World Bank decomposition procedure are by broadening the analysis of policy effects, and by adding the effect from incomplete transmission of changes in border prices and exchange rates to producer prices, and the effect on prices from interactions between variables as they change simultaneously. We demonstrate the decomposition method by using the Russian poultry market in the late 1990s, and find that the dominant factor in changing the producer price was the large depreciation of the ruble. Many developing and transition economies have fluctuating exchange rates. The decomposition method presented in this paper could be used to test the hypothesis that exchange rate movements are the main cause of changes in these countries' agricultural commodity prices. Another hypothesis that the method could help test is that an important factor in affecting countries' agricultural prices is incomplete transmission of changes in trade prices and exchange rates to domestic prices, where the incomplete transmission is mainly caused not by policy, but rather by undeveloped market infrastructure.
Polar Outflows in Six Broad Absorption Line Quasars
Creators: name: Zhou, Hongyan
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Wang, Huiyuan
name: Wang, Junxian
name: Yuan, Weimin
name: Lu, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the radio observations by FIRST and NVSS, we build a sample of 151 radio variable quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3 (SDSS DR3). Six (probably another two) among them are classified as broad absorption line (BAL) quasars, with radio flux variations of a few 10 percent within 1.5-5 years. Such large amplitudes of the variations imply brightness temperatures much higher than the inverse Compton limits (10$^{12}$ K) in all the BAL quasars, suggesting the presence of relativistic jets beaming toward the observer. The angle between the outflow and the jet is constrained to be less than $\sim 20^{\circ}$. Such BAL quasars with polar outflows are beyond the simple unification models of BAL quasars and non-BAL quasars, which hypothesize that BAL quasars are normal quasars seen nearly edge-on.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to ApJ
New tests for experiments producing pentaquarks
Creators: name: Karliner, Marek
name: Lipkin, Harry J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of the squared momentum difference |P_A|^2 - |P_B|^2 between the momenta in the laboratory system of two experimentally observed particles A and B provides a test for whether an observed mass peak indicates a real resonance rather than nonresonant background or kinematic reflection. The angular distribution of the relative momenta in the center-of-mass system exhibits a forward-backward symmetry in the production and decay of any resonance with a definite parity. This symmetry is not expected in other nonresonant processes and can be expressed without needing angular distributions in terms of the easily measured momenta in the laboratory frame that are already measured and used to calculate the invariant mass of the system. Our test is especially useful for low statistics experiments where the full angular distribution cannot be determined. It can be applied to both fixed-target and collider searches for the Theta^+ and Theta_c pentaquarks.
description: Following readers' comments, stressing applicability to both fixed target and collider exps, in both Theta^+ and Theta_c searches, especially with low stats; reflected also in title change
A Unified Approach to the Estimation of Demand for Improved Seed in Developing Agriculture
Creators: name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Hamazakaza, Petan
name: Nawale, Edah
name: Mekuria, Mulugetta
name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Hamazakaza, Petan
name: Nawale, Edah
name: Mekuria, Mulugetta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: agricultural household model
subject: consumer goods characteristics
subject: production inputs
subject: technology attributes
subject: non-separability
subject: censored equations
subject: Zambia

description: This paper proposes a new approach for estimating the demand for seed within a developing country context where only improved seeds are sold but adoption rates for improved varieties low. A farmer views an improved seed firstly as a derived input embodying production attributes and secondly, as a technology embodying consumption characteristics. He therefore jointly decides on its adoption and the quantity of seed required to plant a predetermined area. Drawing on the theory of demand for consumption goods characteristics and production input attributes, this paper specified and estimated non-separable household demand and consumption models using data collected from 300 farm households in Zambia during the 2003/04 crop season. The estimated results suggest that adoption rate, distance to market, level of household grain self-sufficiency, seed hand-outs and household wealth are significant in determining farmers' seed purchase decisions. Appropriate intervention strategies for increased over-all improved seed demand are recommended. It is concluded that apart from contributing to the literature on modelling farm level seed demand, the model provides a holistic approach for the joint estimation of determinants of improved variety adoption and seed demand relevant for better targeting to increase the impacts of maize breeding research in developing countries.
Anyons, group theory and planar physics
Creators: name: Negro, J.
name: del Olmo, M. A.
name: Tosiek, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic and nonrelativistic anyons are described in a unified formalism by means of the coadjoint orbits of the symmetry groups in the free case as well as when there is an interaction with a constant electromagnetic field. To deal with interactions we introduce the extended Poincaré and Galilei Maxwell groups.
description: 22 pages, journal reference added, bibliography updated
Wall mounted cube OpenFOAM case to couple with GASCANS.
Creators: name: Santasmasas, Marta Camps
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91501 Computational Fluid Dynamics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: OpenFOAM case files used to validate the GASCANS lattice Boltzmann solver coupled with OpenFOAM.
The Influence of Market and Agricultural Policy Signals on the Level of Organic Farming
Creators: name: Wheeler, Sarah Ann
name: Wheeler, Sarah Ann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: organic farming
subject: agricultural policy signals
subject: market signals

description: Over the last two decades, organic farming has been one of the few sectors of agriculture to increase exponentially across the world. This paper aims to analyse the relationship of market and agricultural policy signals on the share of organic farming, with a cross-country analysis in two key years (1990 and 2001). Evidence is provided on the importance of public organic agricultural support, organic farming research and development, the availability of marketing and sales outlets for organic produce and countries environmental regulations in positively driving the adoption of organic agriculture by farmers. There seems to be more support for the influence of agricultural policy signals than market signals.
Negative Index of Refraction in Optical Metamaterials
Creators: name: Shalaev, Vladimir M.
name: Cai, Wenshan
name: Chettiar, Uday
name: Yuan, Hsiao-Kuan
name: Sarychev, Andrey K.
name: Drachev, Vladimir P.
name: Kildishev, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An array of pairs of parallel gold nanorods is shown to have a negative refractive index n'=-0.3 at the optical communication wavelength of 1.5 micron. This effect results from the plasmon resonance in the pairs of nanorods for both the electric and magnetic components of light. The refractive index is retrieved from the direct phase and amplitude measurements for transmission and reflection, which are all in excellent agreement with our finite difference time domain simulations. The refraction critically depends on the phase of the transmitted wave, which emphasizes the importance of phase measurements in finding n'.
description: an improved version (17 pages, 5 figures) with a new sample and additional measurements
The Economics of Biotechnology under Ecosystem Disruption
Creators: name: Pemsl, Diemuth E.
name: Waibel, Hermann
name: Gutierrez, Andrew P.
name: Pemsl, Diemuth E.
name: Waibel, Hermann
name: Gutierrez, Andrew P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Economic analysis of chemical pesticide use has shown that the interactions between plants, pests, damage control technology and state of the ecosystem are important variables to be considered. Hence, a bio-economic model was developed for the assessment of Bt variety and pesticide-based control strategies of the cotton bollworm in China. The model simulates plant growth, the dynamics of pest populations and of natural enemies. The model predictions are used as major inputs for a stochastic partial budgeting procedure of alternative control strategies. Results show that: (1) productivity effects of Bt varieties and pesticide use depend on the action of natural control agents, and (2) the profitability of damage control measures increases with the severity of ecosystem disturbance. The findings highlight the importance of the choice of a counterfactual scenario in the assessment of the impact of agricultural biotechnology. Also, some doubts are raised whether the high benefits of Bt cotton varieties based on cross section comparisons are realistic.
Coral Reef Ecosystem
Creators: name: Chatziefthimiou, Dr. Aspa
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 37
subject: Earth sciences
classificationCode: 3708
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4102
subject: Ecological applications

description: As we move from the open Arabian Gulf towards land, the first ecosystem we stumble upon is the colorful coral reef. Coral reefs are distributed 30 degrees on either side of the equator and are prime real estate in the marine environment because they provide shelter and nursery grounds in their nooks and crannies.They also offer an abundance of food resources amidst an otherwise bare sea floor. Twenty five percent (25%) of all the living marine organisms known to humans live in coral reefs, each with their own life history and function, making coral reefs biodiversity hotspots.Corals themselves, are small animals. At the beginning of their life-cycle, fertilized coral embryos develop into pelagic larvae, freely floating in seawater. When the larvae find a suitable substrate, they quickly attach and metamorphoze into coral polyps. Polyps replicate to form colonies that with time become coral reefs. This is the reason we call corals ecosystem engineers, because they help construct a whole vibrant ecosystem one polyp at a time.Other InformationPublished in: Earthna publications reports
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
See educational resource on publisher's website: https://www.earthna.qa/publications/educational-materials/qatar-marine-ecosystem-lesson-plans
Editor: Ruba Hinnawi
Editorial board: Dr. Gonzalo Castro de la Mata, Sebastien P. Turbot, Dr. Alexandre Amato, Nihal. Mohamed Al-Saleh, Dr. Mona Matar Al-KuwariProject Identifier (PI): EEF-2023-003
Supplementary Information for ‘Changes in net ecosystem exchange over Europe during the 2018 drought based on atmospheric observations’
Creators: name: R. L. Thompson
name: G. Broquet
name: C. Gerbig
name: T. Koch
name: M. Lang
name: G. Monteil
name: S. Munassar
name: A. Nickless
name: M. Scholze
name: M. Ramonet
name: U. Karstens
name: E. Van Schaik
name: Z. Wu
name: C. Rödenbeck
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Descriptions of the inversion frameworks; Tables S1-S4 and Figures S1-S9
Supersymmetric 4D Rotating Black Holes from 5D Black Rings
Creators: name: Elvang, Henriette
name: Emparan, Roberto
name: Mateos, David
name: Reall, Harvey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present supersymmetric solutions describing black holes with non-vanishing angular momentum in four dimensional asymptotically flat space. The solutions are obtained by Kaluza-Klein reduction of five-dimensional supersymmetric black rings wrapped on the fiber of a Taub-NUT space. We show that in the four-dimensional description the singularity of the nut can be hidden behind a regular black hole event horizon and thereby obtain an explicit example of a non-static multi-black hole solution in asymptotically flat four dimensions.
description: 28 pages; v2: Relevant references to earlier work added
title: Development of a PHEV Hybrid Transmission for Low-End MPVs Based on AMT
Creators: name: Zhen, Yongcheng
name: Bao, Yong
name: Zhong, Zaimin
name: Rinderknecht, Stephan
name: Zhou, Song
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: In order to improve the fuel economy of vehicles, based on the automated mechanical transmission (AMT), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) hybrid transmission for low-end multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs) is developed. To obtain the statistics of the best-selling models, we took several best-selling models in the Chinese market as the research object to study the relationship between power demand, energy demand, weight, and cost. The power requirements and energy requirements of PHEVs are decoupled. According to the decoupled theory, a single-motor parallel scheme based on the AMT is adopted to develop a PHEV hybrid transmission. In the distribution of engine and motor power, the engine just needs to meet the vehicle’s constant driving power, and the backup power can be provided by the motor, which means we can use an engine with a smaller power rating. The energy of short-distance travel is mainly provided by the motor, which can make full use of the battery, reducing the fuel consumption. The energy of long-distance travel is mainly provided by the engine, which can reduce the need for battery capacity. The working modes of the electrified mechanical transmission (EMT) are proposed, using P3 as the basic working mode and setting the P2 mode at the same time, and the gear ratios are designed. Based on the above basic scheme, two rounds of prototype development and assembling prototype vehicles for testing are carried out for the front-engine-front-drive (FF) layout. The test results show that the vehicle’s economy has been improved compared to the unmodified vehicle, and the fuel-saving rate of 100 kilometers has been achieved at 35.18%. The prototype development and the vehicle matching verify the effectiveness of the new configuration based on AMT.
Interactions between National and Regional Development
Creators: name: Davies, Sara
name: Hallet, Martin
name: Davies, Sara
name: Hallet, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Cohesion
subject: catching up
subject: growth
subject: EU regions
subject: regional policy

description: Williamson (1965) argued that catching up countries experiencing strong national growth tend also to see a widening in regional disparities, whereas in more developed economies strong national growth and falling regional disparities could go hand in hand. We find some evidence of a trade-off between national growth and regional dispersion in the EU's Cohesion countries, notably in Spain and Ireland. We also find some evidence of spread effects in some richer EU Member States, although no inevitable link between lower regional disparities and stronger national growth. The potential policy implications of this analysis are also examined.
Epidemic curves of weekly reported measles cases at the district level from 1995 to 2004, Niger from Investigating persistent measles dynamics in Niger and associations with rainfall
Creators: name: Blake, Alexandre
name: Djibo, Ali
name: Ousmane Guindo
name: Bharti, Nita
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: The epidemic curves were square root transformed.
Cosmological Three-Point Function: Testing The Halo Model Against Simulations
Creators: name: Fosalba, Pablo
name: Pan, Jun
name: Szapudi, Istvan
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform detailed comparison of the semi-analytic halo model predictions with measurements in numerical simulations of the two and three point correlation functions (3PCF), as well as power spectrum and bispectrum. We discuss the accuracy and self-consistency of the halo model description of gravitational clustering in the non-linear regime and constrain halo model parameters. We exploit the recently proposed multipole expansion of three point statistics that expresses rotation invariance in the most natural way. This not only offers technical advantages by reducing the integrals required for the halo model predictions, but amounts to a convenient way of compressing the information contained in the 3PCF. We find that, with an appropriate choice of the halo boundary and mass function cut-off, halo model predictions are in good agreement with the bispectrum measured in numerical simulations. However, the halo model predicts less than the observed configuration dependence of the 3PCF on ~ Mpc scales. This effect is mainly due to quadrupole moment deficit, possibly related to the assumption of spherical halo geometry. Our analysis shows that using its harmonic decomposition, the full configuration dependence of the 3PCF in the non-linear regime can be compressed into just a few numbers, the lowest multipoles. Moreover, these multipoles are closely related to the highest signal to noise eigenmodes of the 3PCF. Therefore this estimator may simplify future analyses aimed at constraining cosmological and halo model parameters from observational data.
description: Minor corrections. Accepted for publication by ApJ
Electroviscous effects of simple electrolytes under shear
Creators: name: Wada, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of a hydrodynamical model analogous to that in critical fluids, we investigate the influences of shear flow upon the electrostatic contribution to the viscosity of binary electrolyte solutions in the Debye-Hückel approximation. Within the linear-response theory, we reproduce the classical limiting law that the excess viscosity is proportional to the square root of the concentration of the electrolyte. We also extend this result for finite shear. An analytic expression of the anisotropic structure factor of the charge density under shear is obtained, and its deformation at large shear rates is discussed. A non-Newtonian effect caused by deformations of the ionic atmosphere is also elucidated for $τ_D\dotγ>1$. This finding concludes that the maximum shear stress that the ionic atmosphere can support is proportional to $λ_D^{-3}$, where $\dotγ$, $λ_D$ and $τ_D=λ_D^2/D$ are, respectively, the shear rate, the Debye screening length and the Debye relaxation time with $D$ being the relative diffusivity at the infinite dilution limit of the electrolyte.
description: 13pages, 2figures
Fluorescent probe and raman spectroscopic investigation of the effects of pH, heating, and [kappa]-carrageenan on whey protein structure
Creators: name: Alizadeh-Pasdar, Nooshin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Surface hydrophobicity (S₀) is an important structural parameter describing food proteins due to its correlation with functionality. A new method to measure S₀ was established based on the neutral fluorescent probe, 6-propionyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)naphthalene (PRODAN). S₀ was determined for whey protein isolate (WPI), bovine serum albumin (BSA)and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) at various pH (3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0) under heated (80°C for 30 min) or unheated conditions. S₀ values measured by PRODAN and cis-parinaric acid (CPA) were lower at pH 3.0 than at other pH, while values measured by 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) were highest at pH 3.0. The anionic probes ANS and CPA yielded opposing results on the effects of pH and heating on proteinhydrophobicity. Heating, pH and addition of K-carrageenan (KCG) at low (1.0:62.5), medium(1.0:6.0) or high (1.0:1.2) ratios of KCG:protein, as well as the interactions between these factors, significantly (P<0.05) affected S₀ measured by PRODAN. Generally, proteins had higher S₀ and were more sensitive to heating and KCG addition at pH 9.0, than at other pH. Heating increased S₀ of high ratio KCG:protein mixtures at pH 3.0, but generally decreased SQ of mixtures at higher pH, especially pH 9.0.Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze structural changes at higher protein concentration (15% w/v) than those (0.002-0.01%) used in spectrofluorometry. Decreased SS and Trp band intensities, and lower helical and higher (3-sheet content, were generally observed after heating at pH 9.0 or KCG addition at pH 5.0. Decreased helical and increased (3-sheet contents obtained by heating BLG at pH 7.0 or 9.0 were not observed after heating KCG:BLG mixtures at these pH. Addition of KCG to BSA at pH7.0 or 9.0 resulted in increased helical content. Heating KCG:WPI mixtures at pH 5.0 and9.0 resulted in large increases in SS and Trp band intensities and helical content, and decreased ratio of the tyrosine doublet, indicating a more buried or hydrophobic environment around aromatic residues. Raman and fluorescent probe spectroscopy provided information on protein structural properties as a function of pH, heating and interactions with other macromolecules, which may be important in applications of these proteins in food systems.
The Causal Effects of Exports on Firm Size and Labor Productivity: First Evidence From a Matching Approach
Creators: name: Wagner, Joachim
name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Exports
subject: causal effects
subject: firm performance
subject: matching approach

description: This paper uses a large plant level panel data set from Germany and a matching approach to look for causal effects of starting to export on plant performance. We find positive effects on growth of employment, labor productivity, and wages. Dieses Diskussionspapier untersucht, welche Effekte der Exportstart auf die Performance von Betrieben hat. Es legt einen Matching-Ansatz zugrunde. Datenbasis ist ein großes deutsches Betriebspanel. Es werden positive Auswirkungen des Exportstarts auf Beschäftigung, Arbeitsproduktivität und Löhne nachgewiesen.
The Puzzle of the Swiss Interest Rate Island: Stylized Facts and a New Interpretation
Creators: name: Kugler, Peter
name: Weder, Beatrice
name: Kugler, Peter
name: Weder, Beatrice
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper contributes to the debate about the puzzle of the Swiss Interest Rate Island. It starts out by establishing some stylized facts about the nature of the puzzle. First it shows that long run real returns on Swiss Euro Deposits have been significantly lower than in any other major currency. A decomposition of return differentials into deviations from uncovered interest rate parity and deviations from purchasing power parity reveals that the former contributes most to the puzzle. Two implications follow from these stylized facts: (i) since the puzzle is present in Euro Deposit rates it cannot be due to local factors such as banking secrecy, and (ii) solutions to the puzzle have to provide an explanation for a long run failure of uncovered interest rate parity rather than for real appreciation. Historical evidence is presented that suggests the puzzle may be attributed to a reverse peso problem. The paper discusses the consequences of this interpretation for Swiss monetary and exchange rate policy. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zu der Debatte über das Rätsel "Zinsinsel Schweiz" indem es stilisierte Fakten über die Natur dieses Rätsels dokumentiert. Als erstes wird aufgezeigt, dass die langfristigen realen Erträge auf Schweizer Euro Einlagen deutlich niedriger waren als in anderen Hauptwährungen. Eine Zerlegung der Ertragsunterschiede in Abweichungen von der ungedeckten Zinsparität und Abweichungen von Kaufkraftparität enthüllt, dass der erste Faktor den Hauptanteil am Rätsel trägt. Zwei Folgerungen ergeben sich daraus: (i) nachdem sich dieses Rätsel in Euro Einlagen zeigt, kann es nicht durch nationale Eigenschaften wie z.B. das Bankgeheimnis verursacht werden, und (ii) Lösungen für dieses Rätsel müssen eine Erklärung für das langfristige Versagen der ungedeckten Zinsparität liefern und nicht für die reale Wertsteigerung. Aufgrund von historischen Datenreihen folgern wir, dass das Rätsel auf ein "Peso Problem" zurückzuführen ist und diskutieren die Konsequenzen für die schweizerische Geld- und Wechselkurspolitik.
Supplementary material from Investigating persistent measles dynamics in Niger and associations with rainfall
Creators: name: Blake, Alexandre
name: Djibo, Ali
name: Ousmane Guindo
name: Bharti, Nita
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: Measles is a major cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Current immunization strategies achieve low coverage in areas where transmission drivers differ substantially from those in high-income countries. A better understanding of measles transmission in areas with measles persistence will increase vaccination coverage and reduce ongoing transmission. We analysed weekly reported measles cases at the district level in Niger from 1995 to 2004 to identify underlying transmission mechanisms. We identified dominant periodicities and the associated spatial clustering patterns. We also investigated associations between reported measles cases and environmental drivers associated with human activities, particularly rainfall. The annual and 2–3-year periodicities dominated the reporting data spectrum. The annual periodicity was strong with contiguous spatial clustering, consistent with the latitudinal gradient of population density, and stable over time. The 2–3-year periodicities was weaker, unstable over time, with spatially fragmented clustering. The rainy season was associated with a lower risk of measles case reporting. The annual periodicity likely reflects seasonal agricultural labour migration, whereas the 2–3-year periodicity potentially results from multiple mechanisms such as reintroductions and vaccine coverage heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that improving vaccine coverage in seasonally mobile populations could reduce strong measles seasonality in Niger and across similar settings.
Raumliche Wachstumszusammenhange - Empirische Befunde Fur Deutschland
Creators: name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Development

description: Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit Wachstumsabhängigkeiten zwischen räumlich benachbarten Gebieten in Westdeutschland im Zeitraum von 1976 bis 1996. Die Hypothese für derartige Wachstumsabhängigkeiten leitet sich aus der räumlichen Dimension von Mechanismen ab, denen ein wesentlicher Einfluss auf die regionale Entwicklung beizumessen ist - wie etwa der Faktormobilität oder technologischen Spill-Over-Effekten. Die empirische Analyse westdeutscher Regionen weist auf eine erhebliche Bedeutung distanzabhängiger Wachstumszusammenhänge hin. Es lassen sich deutliche Hinweise für einen Einfluss der räumlichen Nähe auf die Intensität der Wachstumsabhängigkeiten ermitteln. Weiterhin ist festzustellen, dass regionale Ausgleichstendenzen und Wachstumszusammenhänge gemeinsam die Entwicklung im westlichen Bundesgebiet prägen. Als eine Ursache räumlicher Wachstumsabhängigkeiten sind technologische Spill-Over-Effekte einzuschätzen. Gleichzeitig weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass daneben weitere Quellen distanzabhängiger Entwicklungszusammenhängen existieren müssen. This study considers spatial association in growth rates of neighbouring regions in West-Germany between 1976 and 1996. The relevance of such growth relations derives from the spatial dimension of mechanisms, that are of central importance for regional development - as e.g. factor mobility or technology spill-overs. The analysis of the regional development in West-Germany points to a significant spatial association in growth rates. The results imply that spatial neighbourhood affects the intensity of growth dependencies. Notable is moreover that both the decline of regional disparities and spatial association in growth rates seem to mark the development in West-Germany simultaneously. According to the findings growth dependencies are partly caused by technology spill-overs. Though, the results also indicate that there have to be further sources of spatial association in growth.
Imaging and integral field spectroscopy of shocked H2 around G25.65+1.05
Creators: name: Todd, S. P.
name: Howat, S. K. Ramsay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared imaging of the emission from molecular hydrogen is a powerful method for discovering outflows in star-forming regions. We present new near-infrared images, long slit and integral field spectroscopy of the ultra-compact HII region G25.65+1.05. These new observations reveal shocked H2 emission associated with a bipolar outflow from a young high mass star at the centre of the source. The physical parameters of the outflow are discussed and compared with outflows from lower mass stars.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
International Capital Markets and Informal Dollar Standards in the CIS and East Asia
Creators: name: Schnabl, Gunther
name: Schnabl, Gunther
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: CIS
subject: East Asia
subject: Informal Dollar Standard
subject: Liability Dollarization
subject: Asset Dollarization
subject: Competitive Depreciation
subject: Competitive Appreciation
subject: Exchange Rate Systems

description: Although most CIS and East Asian countries are de jure classified as free floaters, they de facto pursue (tight) dollar pegs. This paper emphasizes dollar denomination of short-term and long-term payment flows as reasons for exchange rate stabilization. Based on the analysis of "competitive depreciations" and "competitive appreciations" among the CIS and East Asian currencies it is argued that the adherence to a common external anchor currency enhances macroeconomic stability. Finally, the potential of euro and ruble (CIS) as well as yen and yuan (East Asia) to challenge the dollar as anchor currencies in the respective regions is explored.
Coral Reef Ecosystem
Creators: name: Chatziefthimiou, Dr. Aspa
name: Hinnawi, Ruba
name: Castro de la Mata, Dr. Gonzalo
name: P. Turbot, Sebastien
name: Amato, Dr. Alexandre
name: Mohamed Al-Saleh, Nihal.
name: Matar Al-Kuwari, Dr. Mona
name: Bowmeester, Jessica
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 37
subject: Earth sciences
classificationCode: 3708
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4102
subject: Ecological applications

description: As we move from the open Arabian Gulf towards land, the first ecosystem we stumble upon is the colorful coral reef. Coral reefs are distributed 30 degrees on either side of the equator and are prime real estate in the marine environment because they provide shelter and nursery grounds in their nooks and crannies.They also offer an abundance of food resources amidst an otherwise bare sea floor. Twenty five percent (25%) of all the living marine organisms known to humans live in coral reefs, each with their own life history and function, making coral reefs biodiversity hotspots.Corals themselves, are small animals. At the beginning of their life-cycle, fertilized coral embryos develop into pelagic larvae, freely floating in seawater. When the larvae find a suitable substrate, they quickly attach and metamorphoze into coral polyps. Polyps replicate to form colonies that with time become coral reefs. This is the reason we call corals ecosystem engineers, because they help construct a whole vibrant ecosystem one polyp at a time.Other InformationPublished in: Earthna publications reports
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
See educational resource on publisher's website: https://www.earthna.qa/publications/educational-materials/qatar-marine-ecosystem-lesson-plans
Project Identifier (PI): EEF-2023-003
Winkler, Dietmar W.: Ostsyrisches Christenmtum
Creators: name: Bruns, Peter
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 90 (2006): Oriens christianus, Band 90
Local wavelet power spectrum of the reported measles cases at district level from 1995 to 2004 for 18 districts in Niger. from Investigating persistent measles dynamics in Niger and associations with rainfall
Creators: name: Blake, Alexandre
name: Djibo, Ali
name: Ousmane Guindo
name: Bharti, Nita
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: The dashed and dotted lines identify the areas with a p-value below 0.05 and 0.001 respectively using permutation tests (1000 permutations).
Abelian regular subgroups of the affine group and radical rings
Creators: name: Caranti, A.
name: Volta, Francesca Dalla
name: Sala, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20B10, 16N20

description: We establish a link between abelian regular subgroup of the affine group, and commutative, associative algebra structures on the underlying vector space that are (Jacobson) radical rings. As an application, we show that if the underlying field has positive characteristic, then an abelian regular subgroup has finite exponent if the vector space is finite-dimensional, while it can be torsion free if the dimension is infinite. We also give an example of an abelian, regular subgroup of the affine group over an infinite vector space, which intersects trivially the group of translations.
description: 9 pages. Accepted for publication in Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen. Presentation revised on the advice of the referees
Cosmology with Gamma Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Ghirlanda, G.
name: Firmani, C.
name: Lazzati, D.
name: Avila-Reese, V.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Apparently, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are all but standard candles. Their emission is collimated into a cone and the received flux depends on the cone aperture angle. Fortunately we can derive the aperture angle through an achromatic steepening of the lightcurve of the afterglow, and thus we can measure the "true" energetics of the prompt emission. Ghirlanda et al. (2004) found that this collimation-corrected energy correlates tightly with thefrequency at which most of the radiation of the prompt is emitted. Through this correlation we can infer the burst energy accurately enough for a cosmological use. Using the best known 15 GRBs we find very encouraging results that emphasize the cosmological GRB role. Probing the universe with high accuracy up to high redshifts, GRBs establish a new insight on the cosmic expanding acceleration history and accomplish the role of "missing link" between the Cosmic Microwave Background and type Ia supernovae, motivating the most optimistic hopes for what can be obtained from the bursts detected by SWIFT.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, invited review at the 4th Workshop Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, Rome,18-22 October 2004. Editors: L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, and B. Gendre. Il Nuovo Cimento, in press
Long-Term Unemployment and Subsidizing Vacancies in a Growth-Matching Model
Creators: name: Birk, Angela
name: Birk, Angela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: long-term unemployment
subject: growth
subject: search
subject: matching
subject: subsidies

description: How can long-term unemployment be reduced by policy measures of the government? In this paper a growth-matching-model is developed, in which the unemployment pool consists of heterogeneous unemployed workers, short-term and long-term unemployed, and with an endogenous skill-depreciation of the long-term unemployed emerging as technical progress accelerates. For innovation countries characterized by rapid technical progress we show that through subsidizing vacancy creation which causes a substitution and an income effect long-term unemployment can be reduced. Since the positive substitution effect implied by subsidizing vacancy creation outweighs the negative income effect induced by taxing the household's income, a positive employment effect results leading to additional job-matches and decreasing unemployment duration. Therefore, the introduction of subsidies will be favorable for achieving a reduction in long-term unemployment. Wie kann die Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit durch geeignete Politikmaßnahmen des Staates reduziert werden? In diesem Artikel wird ein Wachstums-Matching-Modell entwickelt, das durch heterogene Arbeitslose - Kurz- und Langzeitarbeitslose - und bei steigendem technischen Fortschritt durch die endogene Abwertung von Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten der Langzeitarbeitlosen charakerisiert ist. Für Innovationsländer, die mit akzelerierendem technischen Fortschritt konfrontiert sind, wird gezeigt, dass die Subventionierung von Vakanzen, bei der sowohl ein Substitutions- wie auch ein Einkommenseffekt entsteht, eine Reduzierung der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit impliziert. Da der positive aus der Vakanzsubventionierung resultierende Substitutionseffekt den negativen Einkommenseffekt, der durch die Besteuerung der Einkommen verursacht wird, überwiegt, wird ein positiver Beschäftigungseffekt generiert. Dieser positive Beschäftigungseffekt führt zu zusätzlichen Job-Matchings und sinkender Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer. Somit kann der Staat mit Hilfe der Subventionierung von Vakanzen, eine Verringerung der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit erreichen.
title: Tumor Hypoxia and Circulating Tumor Cells
Creators: name: Tinganelli, Walter
name: Durante, Marco
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a rare tumor cell subpopulation induced and selected by the tumor microenvironment’s extreme conditions. Under hypoxia and starvation, these aggressive and invasive cells are able to invade the lymphatic and circulatory systems. Escaping from the primary tumor, CTCs enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or re-establish themselves in cancer’s primary site. Although radiotherapy is widely used to cure solid malignancies, it can promote metastasis. Radiation can disrupt the primary tumor vasculature, increasing the dissemination of CTCs. Radiation also induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eliminates suppressive signaling, causing the proliferation of existent, but previously dormant, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In this review, we collect the results and evidence underlying the molecular mechanisms of CTCs and DTCs and the effects of radiation and hypoxia in developing these cells.