cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Controlling Floquet states on ultrashort time scales
Creators: name: Lucchini, Matteo
name: Medeghini, Fabio
name: Wu, Yingxuan
name: Vismarra, Federico
name: Borrego-Varillas, Rocío
name: Crego, Aurora
name: Frassetto, Fabio
name: Poletto, Luca
name: Sato, Shunsuke A.
name: Hübener, Hannes
name: De Giovannini, Umberto
name: Rubio, Ángel
name: Nisoli, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of ultrafast laser science offers the unique opportunity to combine Floquet engineering with extreme time resolution, further pushing the optical control of matter into the petahertz domain. However, what is the shortest driving pulse for which Floquet states can be realised remains an unsolved matter, thus limiting the application of Floquet theory to pulses composed by many optical cycles. Here we ionized Ne atoms with few-femtosecond pulses of selected time duration and show that a Floquet state can be established already within 10 cycles of the driving field. For shorter pulses, down to 2 cycles, the finite lifetime of the driven state can still be explained using an analytical model based on Floquet theory. By demonstrating that the population of the Floquet sidebands can be controlled not only with the driving laser pulse intensity and frequency, but also by its duration, our results add a new lever to the toolbox of Floquet engineering.
Machine Learning Interatomic Potential for Simulations of Carbon at Extreme Conditions
Creators: name: Willman, Jonathan T.
name: Nguyen-Cong, Kien
name: Williams, Ashley S.
name: Belonoshko, Anatoly B.
name: Moore, Stan G.
name: Thompson, Aidan P.
name: Wood, Mitchell A.
name: Oleynik, Ivan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Spectral Neighbor Analysis (SNAP) machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) has been developed for simulations of carbon at extreme pressures (up to 5 TPa) and temperatures (up to 20,000 K). This was achieved using a large database of experimentally relevant quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) data, training the SNAP potential using a robust machine learning methodology, and performing extensive validation against QMD and experimental data. The resultant carbon MLIP demonstrates unprecedented accuracy and transferability in predicting the carbon phase diagram, melting curves of crystalline phases, and the shock Hugoniot, all within 3% of QMD. By achieving quantum accuracy and efficient implementation on leadership class high performance computing systems, SNAP advances frontiers of classical MD simulations by enabling atomic-scale insights at experimental time and length scales.
Exclusive open strangeness production in the $pp \to pp K^{+} K^{-}$ reaction at high energies and a measurement of scalar $χ_{c0}$ meson
Creators: name: Lebiedowicz, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the results of exclusive $p p \to p p K^{+} K^{-}$ reaction at high energies which constitutes an irreducible background to three-body processes $p p \to p p M$, where $M=ϕ$, $f_{2}(1275)$, $f_{0}(1500)$, $f_{2}'(1525)$, $χ_{c0}$. We consider central diffractive contribution mediated by Pomeron and Reggeon exchanges including absorption effects due to proton-proton interaction and kaon-kaon rescattering. We make predictions for future experiments at RHIC, Tevatron and LHC. Differential distributions in invariant two-kaon mass, kaon rapidities and transverse momenta of kaons are presented. We discuss a measurement of exclusive production of scalar $χ_{c0}$ meson in the proton-(anti)proton collisions via $χ_{c0} \to K^{+}K^{-}$ decay. The corresponding amplitude for exclusive central diffractive $χ_{c0}$ meson production is calculated within the $k_{t}$-factorization approach.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at the Strangeness in Quark Matter 2011 Conference, Sept. 18--24, Cracow, Poland
Remarks on the statistical origin of the geometrical formulation of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Molitor, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B35, 81P99, 94A15, 62B10

description: A quantum system can be entirely described by the Kähler structure of the projective space P(H) associated to the Hilbert space H of possible states; this is the so-called geometrical formulation of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we give an explicit link between the geometrical formulation (of finite dimensional quantum systems) and statistics through the natural geometry of the space Pn of non-vanishing probabilities p defined on a finite set En:={x1,...,xn}. More precisely, we use the Fisher metric and the exponential connection (both being natural statistical objects living on Pn) to construct, via the Dombrowski splitting Theorem, a Kähler structure on TPn (the tangent bundle of Pn) which has the property that it induces the natural Kähler structure of a suitably chosen open dense subset of the finite dimensional complex projective space.
description: To be published in International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, Vol. 9, No. 3 (2012)
Security analysis of user namespaces and rootless containers
Creators: name: Semjonov, Anton
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linux
subject: User Namespace
subject: Virtualization
subject: Security in Distributed Applications
classificationCode: 620
subject: Ingenieurwissenschaften

description: Linux namespaces are used for container-based operating-system-level virtualization today; the user namespace in particular enables a relatively recent development of so-called rootless containers. A brief overview of the technology is given and the underlying permissions model is explained. Two different threat models for application deployment are created. Using a reproducible testing environment and a number of existing vulnerabilities, associated risks and benefits of employing the user namespace are analysed. It is shown that user namespaces can provide significant improvements to a system's security but also pose risks of their own.
Influence of Gamma-Ray Emission on the Isotopic Composition of Clouds in the Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Klimenko, V. V.
name: Ivanchik, A. V.
name: Varshalovich, D. A.
name: Pavlov, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate one mechanism of the change in the isotopic composition of cosmologically distant clouds of interstellar gas whose matter was subjected only slightly to star formation processes. According to the standard cosmological model, the isotopic composition of the gas in such clouds was formed at the epoch of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and is determined only by the baryon density in the Universe. The dispersion in the available cloud composition observations exceeds the errors of individual measurements. This may indicate that there are mechanisms of the change in the composition of matter in the Universe after the completion of Big Bang nucleosynthesis. We have calculated the destruction and production rates of light isotopes (D, 3He, 4He) under the influence of photonuclear reactions triggered by the gamma-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We investigate the destruction and production of light elements depending on the spectral characteristics of the gamma-ray emission. We show that in comparison with previous works, taking into account the influence of spectral hardness on the photonuclear reaction rates can increase the characteristic radii of influence of the gamma-ray emission from AGNs by a factor of 2-8. The high gamma-ray luminosities of AGNs observed in recent years increase the previous estimates of the characteristic radii by two orders of magnitude. This may suggest that the influence of the emission from AGNs on the change in the composition of the medium in the immediate neighborhood (the host galaxy) has been underestimated.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Discrete Nonlocal Nonlinear Schroedinger equation on Metric Graphs: Dynamics of PT-Symmetric Solitons in Discrete Networks
Creators: name: Akramov, M.
name: Khashimova, F.
name: Matrasulov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider PT-symmetric, discrete nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation on metric graphs. Soliton solutions are obtained for simplest graph topologies, such as star and tree graphs. Integrability of the problem is shown by proving existence of infinite number of conservation laws.
Роль бібліотечних фахівців (служб) у контексті реалізації вимог відкритої науки та принципів FAIR: Метадані, використання ідентифікаторів PID для просування принципів відкритого доступу та відкритої науки академічними бібліотеками
Creators: name: Kulyk, Margaryta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: метадані
відкрита наука
відкриті дані
відкритий доступ до наукової інформації
бібліотечна діяльність
принципи FAIR
постійні ідентифікатори (PID)
metadata
library activities
open access to scientific information
open science
open data
principles FAIR
persistent identifie

description: Зміст

1. Принципи RAIR.

2. Поняття наборів FAIR - даних.

3. Поняття PID (Persistent identifier).

4. Види PID.

5. Чому важливо PID.

6. DOI – універсальний ідентифікатор статей. 

7. Значення університетських репозитаріїв у просуванні відкритої науки.

8. Статистика внесення метаданих публікацій в “Електронному каталозі ”, бази “Праці вчених” в АБІС та репозитарії НЮУ імені Ярослава Мудрого.

9. Інституційний репозитарій як базовий інструмент політики на шляху до формування відкритого доступу та відкритої науки.
Dynamical mean-field theory: from ecosystems to reaction networks
Creators: name: De Giuli, Eric
name: Scalliet, Camille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Both natural ecosystems and biochemical reaction networks involve populations of heterogeneous agents whose cooperative and competitive interactions lead to a rich dynamics of species' abundances, albeit at vastly different scales. The maintenance of diversity in large ecosystems is a longstanding puzzle, towards which recent progress has been made by the derivation of dynamical mean-field theories of random models. In particular, it has recently been shown that these random models have a chaotic phase in which abundances display wild fluctuations. When modest spatial structure is included, these fluctuations are stabilized and diversity is maintained. If and how these phenomena have parallels in biochemical reaction networks is currently unknown. Making this connection is of interest since life requires cooperation among a large number of molecular species. In this work, we find a reaction network whose large-scale behavior recovers the random Lotka-Volterra model recently considered in theoretical ecology. We clarify the assumptions necessary to derive its large-scale description, and reveal the underlying assumptions made on the noise to recover previous dynamical mean-field theories. Then, we show how local detailed balance and the positivity of reaction rates, which are key physical requirements of chemical reaction networks, provide obstructions towards the construction of an associated dynamical mean-field theory of biochemical reaction networks. Finally, we outline prospects and challenges for the future.
Optimal control for Hamiltonian parameter estimation in non-commuting and bipartite quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Qin, Shushen
name: Cramer, Marcus
name: Koch, Christiane P.
name: Serafini, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to characterise a Hamiltonian with high precision is crucial for the implementation of quantum technologies. In addition to the well-developed approaches utilising optimal probe states and optimal measurements, the method of optimal control can be used to identify time-dependent pulses applied to the system to achieve higher precision in the estimation of Hamiltonian parameters, especially in the presence of noise. Here, we extend optimally controlled estimation schemes for single qubits to non-commuting dynamics as well as two interacting qubits, demonstrating improvements in terms of maximal precision, time-stability, as well as robustness over uncontrolled protocols.
description: Submission to SciPost Physics; 18 pages, 13 figures
Modeling Gamma-ray burst Afterglow observations with an Off-axis Jet emission
Creators: name: Fraija, Nissim
name: Galvan-Gamez, Antonio
name: Kamenetskaia, Boris Betancourt
name: Dainotti, Maria G.
name: Dichiara, Simone
name: Veres, P.
name: Becerra, Rosa L.
name: Pedreira, A. C. Caligula do E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are fascinating extragalactic objects. They represent a fantastic opportunity to investigate unique properties not exhibited in other sources. Multi-wavelength afterglow observations from some short- and long-duration GRBs reveal an atypical long-lasting emission that evolves differently from the canonical afterglow light curves favoring the off-axis emission. We present an analytical synchrotron afterglow scenario, and the hydrodynamical evolution of an off-axis top-hat jet decelerated in a stratified surrounding environment. The analytical synchrotron afterglow model is shown during the coasting, deceleration (off- and on-axis emission), and the post-jet-break decay phases, and the hydrodynamical evolution is computed by numerical simulations showing the time evolution of the Doppler factor, the half-opening angle, the bulk Lorentz factor, and the deceleration radius. We show that numerical simulations are in good agreement with those derived with our analytical approach. We apply the current synchrotron model and describe successfully the delayed non-thermal emission observed in a sample of long and short GRBs with evidence of off-axis emission. Furthermore, we provide constraints on the possible afterglow emission by requiring the multi-wavelength upper limits derived for the closest Swift-detected GRBs and promising gravitational-wave events.
description: 36 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Dynamical effects in proton breakup from exotic nuclei
Creators: name: Kumar, Ravinder
name: Bonaccorso, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamical effects in proton breakup from a weakly bound state in an exotic nucleus on a heavy target. The Coulomb interactions between the proton and the core and the proton and the target are treated to all orders, including also the full multipole expansion of the Coulomb potential. The dynamics of proton nuclear and Coulomb breakup is compared to that of an equiva- lent neutron of larger binding energy in order to elucidate the differences with the well understood neutron breakup mechanism. A number of experimentally measurable observables such as parallel momentum distributions, proton angular distributions and total breakup cross sections are calculated. With respect to nuclear breakup it is found that a proton behaves exactly as a neutron of larger binding energy. The extra 'effective energy' is due to the combined core-target Coulomb barrier. In Coulomb breakup we distinguish the effect of the core-target Coulomb potential (called recoil effect), with respect to which the proton behaves again as a more bound neutron, from the direct proton-target Coulomb potential. The latter gives cross sections about an order of magnitude larger than the recoil term. The two effects give rise to complicated interferences in the parallel momentum distributions. They are instead easily separable in the proton angular distributions which are therefore suggested as a very useful observable for future experimental studies.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication on Phys. Rev. C
Smart Metro: Deep Learning Approaches to Forecasting the MRT Line 3 Ridership
Creators: name: Empino, Jayrald
name: Junsay, Jean Allyson
name: Verzon, Mary Grace
name: Abisado, Mideth
name: Huyo-a, Shekinah Lor
name: Sampedro, Gabriel Avelino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since its establishment in 1999, the Metro Rail Transit Line 3 (MRT3) has served as a transportation option for numerous passengers in Metro Manila, Philippines. The Philippine government's transportation department records more than a thousand people using the MRT3 daily and forecasting the daily passenger count may be rather challenging. The MRT3's daily ridership fluctuates owing to variables such as holidays, working days, and other unexpected issues. Commuters do not know how many other commuters are on their route on a given day, which may hinder their ability to plan an efficient itinerary. Currently, the DOTr depends on spreadsheets containing historical data, which might be challenging to examine. This study presents a time series prediction of daily traffic to anticipate future attendance at a particular station on specific days.
Towards hybrid inflation with $n_s=1$ in light of Hubble tension and primordial gravitational waves
Creators: name: Ye, Gen
name: Jiang, Jun-Qian
name: Piao, Yun-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been found that complete resolution of the Hubble tension might point to a scale-invariant Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum of primordial scalar perturbation, i.e. $n_s=1$ for $H_0\sim 73$km/s/Mpc. We show that for well-known slow-roll models, if inflation ends by a waterfall instability with respect to another field in the field space while inflaton is still at a deep slow-roll region, $n_s$ can be lifted to $n_s= 1$. A surprise of our result is that with pre-recombination early dark energy, chaotic $ϕ^2$ inflation, ruled out by Planck+BICEP/Keck in standard $Λ$CDM, can be revived, which is now well within testable region of upcoming cosmic microwave background B-mode experiments.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; v2 reference added
A numerical investigation of the fluid mechanical sewing machine
Creators: name: Brun, Pierre-Thomas
name: Ribe, Neil M.
name: Audoly, Basile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thin thread of viscous fluid falling onto a moving belt generates a surprising variety of patterns depending on the belt speed, fall height, flow rate, and fluid properties. Here we simulate this experiment numerically using the Discrete Viscous Threads method that can predict the non-steady dynamics of thin viscous filaments, capturing the combined effects of inertia, stretching, bending and twisting. Our simulations successfully reproduce nine out of ten different patterns previously seen in the laboratory, and agree closely with the experimental phase diagram of Morris et al.\ (2008). We propose a new classification of the patterns based on the Fourier spectra of the longitudinal and transverse motion of the point of contact of the thread with the belt. These frequencies appear to be locked in most cases to simple ratios of the frequency $Ω_c$ of steady coiling obtained in the limit of zero belt speed. In particular the intriguing `alternating loops' pattern is produced by combining the first five multiples of $Ω_c/3$.
Random field and random anisotropy O(N) spin systems with a free surface
Creators: name: Fedorenko, Andrei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the surface scaling behavior of a semi-infinite $d$-dimensional O(N) spin system in the presence of quenched random field and random anisotropy disorders. It is known that above the lower critical dimension $d_{\mathrm{lc}}=4$ the infinite models undergo a paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition for $N>N_c$ ($N_c=2.835$ for random field and $N_c=9.441$ for random anisotropy). For $Nd_{\mathrm{lc}}$ and the long-range behavior of spin correlations near the surface in the quasi-long-range ordered phase for $d
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, revtex4
Coleman-Weinberg Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen strings
Creators: name: Eto, Minoru
name: Hamada, Yu
name: Jinno, Ryusuke
name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Yamada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study properties of Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (ANO) strings with the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) potential, which we call CW-ANO strings. While the scale-invariant scalar potential has a topologically trivial vacuum admitting no strings at the classical level, quantum correction allows topologically nontrivial vacua and stable string solutions. We find that the system of the CW potential exhibits significant difference from that of the conventional Abelian-Higgs model with the quadratic-quartic potential. While a single-winding string is qualitatively similar in both systems, and the static intervortex force between two strings at large distance is attractive/repulsive in the type-I/II regime for both, that between two CW-ANO strings exhibits a nontrivial structure. It develops an energy barrier between them at intermediate distance, implying that the string with winding number $n > 1$ can constitute a metastable bound state even in the type-II regime. We name such a superconductor type-$\overline{1.5}$. We also discuss implications to high-energy physics and cosmology.
description: 40 pages, 19 figs; v2: minor revision
Triartiger Kubota 1944
Creators: name: Yin, Zi-Wei
name: Niu, Xiao-Ling
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Triartiger

description: GenusTriartigerKubota, 1944
Type species.
Triartiger urceus Kubota, 1944: 11, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Yin, Zi-Wei & Niu, Xiao-Ling, 2025, Triartiger caiyujiei sp. nov., a remarkable clavigerite beetle (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) associated with Pseudolasius ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from East China, pp. 9-14 in Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1) on pages 9-14, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.144365
The case for a minute-long merger-driven gamma-ray burst from fast-cooling synchrotron emission
Creators: name: Gompertz, B. P.
name: Ravasio, M. E.
name: Nicholl, M.
name: Levan, A. J.
name: Metzger, B. D.
name: Oates, S. R.
name: Lamb, G. P.
name: Fong, W.
name: Malesani, D. B.
name: Rastinejad, J. C.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Evans, P. A.
name: Jonker, P. G.
name: Page, K. L.
name: Pe'er, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For decades, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been broadly divided into `long'- and `short'-duration bursts, lasting more or less than 2s, respectively. However, this dichotomy does not map perfectly to the two progenitor channels that are known to produce GRBs -- the merger of compact objects (merger-GRBs) or the collapse of massive stars (collapsar-GRBs). In particular, the merger-GRBs population may also include bursts with a short, hard $\lesssim$2s spike and subsequent longer, softer extended emission (EE). The recent discovery of a kilonova -- the radioactive glow of heavy elements made in neutron star mergers -- in the 50s-duration GRB 211211A further demonstrates that mergers can drive long, complex GRBs that mimic the collapsar population. Here we present a detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the high-energy emission of GRB 211211A. We demonstrate that the emission has a purely synchrotron origin, with both the peak and cooling frequencies moving through the $γ$-ray band down to the X-rays, and that the rapidly-evolving spectrum drives the EE signature at late times. The identification of such spectral evolution in a merger-GRB opens avenues for diagnostics of the progenitor type.
description: Author's final submitted version. 6 figures, 5 tables. The Supplementary Information .tex file is included
Explicit computation of jet functions in coordinate space
Creators: name: Salas-Bernárdez, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the main results leading to Factorization of QCD amplitudes in momentum space and, in view of the analogue results in coordinate space, the one-loop jet function in coordinate space is computed and Landau's equations for the Abelian radiative corrections to it are studied. Furthermore, two of these radiative corrections are reduced in quadrature.
Strange quark mass effect in $B_s \to γγ,γ\ell\bar{\ell}$ decays
Creators: name: Li, Dong-Hao
name: Li, Lei-Yi
name: Lü, Cai-Dian
name: Shen, Yue-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the next-to-leading power contribution to the $B_s \to γγ$ and $B_s \to γ\ell\bar{\ell}$ decays from the strange quark mass effect with the dispersion approach which is QCD inspired and more predictive. We have presented the analytic expression of the quark mass contribution in the $B_s \to γγ$ and $B_s \to γ\ell\bar{\ell}$ decays, together with a new term that is missed in the previous study. The numerical results of the strange quark mass contribution to the $B_s \to γγ$ decay is about 6% relative to the total branching ratio, while it is relatively small in the $B_s \to γ\ell\bar{\ell}$ decay due to the large resonance contribuiton
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
The WISSH quasars project X. Discovery of a multi-component and highly-variable UV ultra-fast outflow in a z=3.6 quasar
Creators: name: Vietri, G.
name: Misawa, T.
name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Luminari, A.
name: Travascio, A.
name: Bischetti, M.
name: Bisogni, S.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Bruni, G.
name: Feruglio, C.
name: Giunta, A.
name: Nicastro, F.
name: Saccheo, I.
name: Testa, V.
name: Tombesi, F.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Zappacosta, L.
name: Fiore, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the variability of a multi-component broad absorption line (BAL) system observed in the hyper-luminous quasar J1538+0855 at z=3.6. Observations from SDSS, VLT, LBT and Subaru telescopes taken at five different epochs, spanning 17 yr in the observed frame, are presented. We detect three (A, B, C) CIV variable troughs exhibiting extreme velocities ($\sim$40,000-54,000 km s$^{-1}$) similar to the ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) typically observed in the X-ray spectra. The A component of the BAL UFO ($\rm v_{ufo}$ $\sim$0.17 c) shows strength variations, while B ($\rm v_{ufo}$ $\sim$0.15 c) and C ($\rm v_{ufo}$ $\sim$0.13 c) components show changes both in shape and strength, appearing and disappearing at different epochs. In addition, during the last observation on June 2021 the entire BAL system disappears. The variability trends observed during the first two epochs (1.30 yr rest-frame) in the CIV, SiIV, OVI and NV absorption spectral regions are the same for B and C troughs, while the A component of the BAL varies independently. This suggests a change in the ionization state of the absorbing gas for B and C components and tangential motion for the A component, as causes of this temporal behavior. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an upper limit for distance of the gas responsible for the A component of $R\rm_{out}^{A}$$\le$58 pc, and in turn, a kinetic power of $\dot{E}\rm_{K,ufo}$ $\le$5.2 $\times$ 10$^{44}$ erg s$\rm^{-1}$. We also obtain $R\rm_{out}^{B,C}$ $\le$2.7 kpc for B and C components, which implies an upper limit estimation of $\dot{E}\rm_{K,ufo}$ $\le$2.1$\times$10$^{46}$ erg s$\rm^{-1}$ and $\dot{E}\rm_{K,ufo}$ $\le$1.4$\times$10$^{46}$ erg s$\rm^{-1}$, respectively. Future spectral monitoring with high-resolution instruments is mandatory to accurately constrain physical properties of the BAL UFO discovered in the UV spectrum of J1538+0855.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
The continuation method and the real analyticity of the accessory parameters: the parabolic case
Creators: name: Menotti, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give the proof of the real analyticity of the accessory parameters in Liouville field theory as a function of the position of the sources in the case in which in addition to elliptic sources, parabolic sources are present. The method is a non trivial extension of the elliptic case as it requires in an intermediate step the introduction of a regulator. The treatment holds also in the case of the torus. A discussion is given of the extension to higher genus surfaces.
description: LaTeX, 39 pages, typos corrected
Evaluating the value of AI-generated questions for USMLE step 1 preparation: A study using ChatGPT-3.5
Creators: name: Balu, Alan
name: Prvulovic, Stefan T.
name: Perez, Claudia Fernandez
name: Kim, Alexander
name: Donoho, Daniel A.
name: Keating, Gregory
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Students are increasingly relying on artificial intelligence (AI) for medical education and exam preparation. However, the factual accuracy and content distribution of AI-generated exam questions for self-assessment have not been systematically investigated. Curated prompts were created to generate multiple-choice questions matching the USMLE Step 1 examination style. We utilized ChatGPT-3.5 to generate 50 questions and answers based upon each prompt style. We manually examined output for factual accuracy, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and category within the USMLE Step 1 content outline. ChatGPT-3.5 generated 150 multiple-choice case-style questions and selected an answer. Overall, 83% of generated multiple questions had no factual inaccuracies and 15% contained one to two factual inaccuracies. With simple prompting, common themes included deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and thyroid disease. Topic diversity improved by separating content topic generation from question generation, and specificity to Step 1 increased by indicating that “treatment” questions were not desired. We demonstrate that ChatGPT-3.5 can successfully generate Step 1 style questions with reasonable factual accuracy, and this method may be used by medical students preparing for USMLE examinations. While AI-generated questions demonstrated adequate factual accuracy, targeted prompting techniques should be used to overcome ChatGPT’s bias towards particular medical conditions.
Transfer of Rocks between Planetary Systems: Panspermia Revisited
Creators: name: Adams, Fred C
name: Napier, Kevin J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent discovery of interstellar objects passing through the solar system, and by recent developments in dynamical simulations, this paper reconsiders the likelihood for life bearing rocks to be transferred from one planetary system to another. The astronomical aspects of this lithopanspermia process can now be estimated, including the cross sections for rock capture, the velocity distributions of rocky ejecta, the survival times for captured objects, and the dynamics of the solar system in both its birth cluster and in the field. The remaining uncertainties are primarily biological, i.e., the probability of life developing on a planet, the time required for such an event, and the efficiency with which life becomes seeded in a new environment. Using current estimates for the input quantities, we find that the transfer rates are enhanced in the birth cluster, but the resulting odds for success are too low for panspermia to be a likely occurrence. In contrast, the expected inventory of alien rocks in the solar system is predicted to be substantial (where the vast majority of such bodies are not biologically active and do not interact with Earth).
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Astrobiology
The apparent absence of forward scattering in the HD 53143 debris disk
Creators: name: Stark, Christopher C.
name: Ren, Bin
name: MacGregor, Meredith A.
name: Howard, Ward S.
name: Hurt, Spencer A.
name: Weinberger, Alycia J.
name: Schneider, Glenn
name: Choquet, Elodie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HD 53143 is a mature Sun-like star and host to a broad disk of dusty debris, including a cold outer ring of planetesimals near 90 AU. Unlike most other inclined debris disks imaged at visible wavelengths, the cold disk around HD 53143 appears as disconnected "arcs" of material, with no forward scattering side detected to date. We present new, deeper Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) coronagraphic observations of the HD 53143 debris disk and show that the forward scattering side of the disk remains undetected. By fitting our KLIP-reduced observations via forward modeling with an optically thin disk model, we show that fitting the visible wavelength images with an azimuthally symmetric disk with unconstrained orientation results in an unphysical edge-on orientation that is at odds with recent ALMA observations, while constraining the orientation to that observed by ALMA results in nearly isotropically scattering dust. We show that the HD53143 host star exhibits significant stellar variations due to spot rotation and revisit age estimates for this system.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables Accepted for publication in ApJ
On strong homogeneity of two global optimization algorithms based on statistical models of multimodal objective functions
Creators: name: Zilinskas, Antanas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.1
subject: 65C20

description: The implementation of global optimization algorithms, using the arithmetic of infinity, is considered. A relatively simple version of implementation is proposed for the algorithms that possess the introduced property of strong homogeneity. It is shown that the P-algorithm and the one-step Bayesian algorithm are strongly homogeneous.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
title: Social impact assessment of livelihood promotion programmes in Coastal Kenya
Creators: name: Kuhnke, Yvonne
name: Lusweti, Sellah
name: Shauri, Halimu
name: Wacker, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Social Impact Assessment
subject: Social Return on Investment
subject: Livelihood Promotion
subject: 300
subject: 360
subject: Behinderung
subject: Förderungsprogramm
subject: Heranwachsender
subject: Weibliche Heranwachsende
subject: Return on Investment
subject: Lebensunterhalt

description: https://www.sg.tum.de/ag/diversitaetssoziologie/forschungforschungsprofile/abgeschlossene-projekte/social-impact-assessment/
description: cbm - Christoffel Blindenmission e.V.
Aspiration to admission: Widening access to medical education: AMEE Guide No. 181
Creators: name: George, Riya E.
name: Dueñas, Angelique N.
name: Brown, Megan E. L.
name: Oladipo, Emmanuel T. O.
name: Danquah, Adam
name: Nadarajah, Vishna Devi V.
name: Singaram, Veena S.
name: Aitken, Debbie
name: Finn, Gabrielle M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Widening Access, Participation and Success This AMEE guide series explores three interconnected strategies for widening access, participation, and success in medical education. The series emphasises the interdependence of these areas as essential to supporting students from entry to graduation. Each guide in the series addresses a specific phase of the student journey, from the first steps of widening access, through enhancing participation during their studies, to supporting their ultimate success. Aimed at supporting students from disadvantaged, under-represented, and culturally diverse backgrounds, these guides offer practical insights and examples. Through this series, we provide a roadmap to ensure that access, participation, and success are not treated as isolated concepts but as essential, interdependent elements that together support students throughout their journey. By presenting a cohesive framework that connects these three areas, the series aims to build a shared understanding and foster systemic changes that promote equity across all stages of medical education—from admissions to graduation and beyond. In addressing these issues holistically, medical schools can ensure that students not only enter and participate but also succeed and thrive, fulfilling their potential as future doctors. Opening doors is only the beginning. This AMEE guide focuses on the first step in creating a more equitable medical profession: ensuring that under-represented and disadvantaged students have access to medical education. In an increasingly diverse society, addressing the structural inequalities in admissions is essential for fostering a healthcare workforce that reflects the populations it serves. This guide explores evidence-based strategies to widen access to medical education, emphasising the need for outreach, tailored support, and innovative admission processes. We delve into the initiatives that have worked, highlighting successful models in a global context and offering practical recommendations for educators who are committed to making real, lasting change. Key suggestions emphasise the need for cultural shifts within medical institutions, the importance of clear metrics for evaluating widening access programs, and the value of ongoing mentorship and support for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. By integrating these strategies, medical educators can foster a more equitable and diverse healthcare workforce, ensuring that access is not just granted but sustained and meaningful.
A Fisher matrix for gravitational-wave population inference
Creators: name: Gair, Jonathan R.
name: Antonelli, Andrea
name: Barbieri, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a Fisher matrix for the parameters characterising a population of gravitational-wave events. This provides a guide to the precision with which population parameters can be estimated with multiple observations, which becomes increasingly accurate as the number of events and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sampled events increases. The formalism takes into account individual event measurement uncertainties and selection effects, and can be applied to arbitrary population models. We illustrate the framework with two examples: an analytical calculation of the Fisher matrix for the mean and variance of a Gaussian model describing a population affected by selection effects, and an estimation of the precision with which the slope of a power law distribution of supermassive black-hole masses can be measured using extreme-mass-ratio inspiral observations. We compare the Fisher predictions to results from Monte Carlo analyses, finding very good agreement.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures; the results can be reproduced using codes at https://github.com/aantonelli94/PopFisher. v2: published version, new sections and appendices added during the peer-review process
Effects of time reversal symmetry in dynamical decoupling
Creators: name: Souza, Alexandre M.
name: Álvarez, Gonzalo A.
name: Suter, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical decoupling (DD) is a technique for preserving the coherence of quantum mechanical states in the presence of a noisy environment. It uses sequences of inversion pulses to suppress the environmental perturbations by periodically refocusing them. It has been shown that different sequences of inversion pulses show vastly different performance, in particular also concerning the correction of experimental pulse imperfections. Here, we investigate specifically the role of time-reversal symmetry in the building-blocks of the pulse sequence. We show that using time symmetric building blocks often improves the performance of the sequence compared to sequences formed by time asymmetric building blocks. Using quantum state tomography of the echoes generated by the sequences, we analyze the mechanisms that lead to loss of fidelity and show how they can be compensated by suitable concatenation of symmetry-related blocks of decoupling pulses.
Study of Tachyonic Field and its statefinder diagnostics in Various Scenarios of The Anisotropic Universe
Creators: name: Ranjit, Chayan
name: Chattopadhyay, Surajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we have considered N-dimensional Einstein field equations in which 4-dimensional space-time is described by a FRW metric and that of the extra d-dimensions by an Euclidean metric. Considering the universe filled with tachyonic field we have reconstructed the potential $V(ϕ)$ corresponding to the field reconstructions in an anisotropic universe under \emph{Emergent-Power law}, \emph{Emergent-Intermediate}, \emph{Emergent-Logamediate}and \emph{Logamediate-Intermediate} scenarios. The statefinder parameters have been investigated in all of the said scenarios.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Diffusion-less recrystallization at high uniaxial deformation
Creators: name: Metlov, Leonid S.
name: Zavdoveev, Anatoliy V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was shown by computer simulation that coarsened grains with lower content of defects are formed at uniaxial deformation of a four-grain infinite nano-wire. The structure similar to crystal filaments was formed in the case of tension. The case of compression demonstrated formation of two grains (from four initial one) disoriented at an angle of four degrees.
Neural Eikonal Solver: improving accuracy of physics-informed neural networks for solving eikonal equation in case of caustics
Creators: name: Grubas, Serafim
name: Duchkov, Anton
name: Loginov, Georgy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of physics-informed neural networks has become a useful tool for solving differential equations due to its flexibility. There are a few approaches using this concept to solve the eikonal equation which describes the first-arrival traveltimes of acoustic and elastic waves in smooth heterogeneous velocity models. However, the challenge of the eikonal is exacerbated by the velocity models producing caustics, resulting in instabilities and deterioration of accuracy due to the non-smooth solution behaviour. In this paper, we revisit the problem of solving the eikonal equation using neural networks to tackle the caustic pathologies. We introduce the novel Neural Eikonal Solver (NES) for solving the isotropic eikonal equation in two formulations: the one-point problem is for a fixed source location; the two-point problem is for an arbitrary source-receiver pair. We present several techniques which provide stability in velocity models producing caustics: improved factorization; non-symmetric loss function based on Hamiltonian; gaussian activation; symmetrization. In our tests, NES showed the relative-mean-absolute error of about 0.2-0.4% from the second-order factored Fast Marching Method, and outperformed existing neural-network solvers giving 10-60 times lower errors and 2-30 times faster training. The inference time of NES is comparable with the Fast Marching. The one-point NES provides the most accurate solution, whereas the two-point NES provides slightly lower accuracy but gives an extremely compact representation. It can be useful in various seismic applications where massive computations are required (millions of source-receiver pairs): ray modeling, traveltime tomography, hypocenter localization, and Kirchhoff migration.
description: The paper has 14 pages and 6 figures. Source code is available at https://github.com/sgrubas/NES
New improved Sum-Trigger system for the MAGIC telescopes
Creators: name: Haefner, Dennis
name: Schweizer, Thomas
name: Dazzi, Francesco
name: Corti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2007 a prototype of a new analog Sum-Trigger was installed in the MAGIC I telescope, which lowered the trigger threshold from 55 GeV to 25 GeV and led to the detection of pulsed gamma radiation from the Crab pulsar. To eliminate the need for manual tuning and maintenance demanded by that first prototype, a new setup with fully automatic calibration was designed recently. The key element of the new circuit is a novel, continuously variable analog delay line that enables the temporal equalization of the signals from the camera photo sensors, which is crucial for the efficient detection of low-energy showers. A further improvement is the much larger trigger area consisting of a fully revised configuration of overlapping summing patches. The new system will be installed on both telescopes, MAGIC I and II, enabling stereo observation in Sum-Trigger mode. This will significantly improve the sensitivity in the very low energy regime of 20 to 100 GeV, which is essential in particular for detailed pulsar studies, as well as the observation of high-redshift AGNs and distant GRB events. Here we like to present the results of functionality tests of a fully working prototype and the basic design of the final system.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures, contribution to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 2011