cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the Behavior of Nanophotonic Structures Through Explainable Machine Learning Algorithms
Creators: name: Yeung, Christopher
name: Tsai, Ju-Ming
name: King, Brian
name: Kawagoe, Yusaku
name: Ho, David
name: Raman, Aaswath P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central challenge in the development of nanophotonic structures is identifying the optimal design for a target functionality, and understanding the physical mechanisms that enable the optimized device's capabilities. Previously investigated design methods for nanophotonic structures, including both conventional optimization approaches as well as nascent machine learning (ML) strategies, have made progress, yet they remain 'black boxes' that lack explanations for their predictions. Here we demonstrate that convolutional neural networks (CNN) trained to predict the electromagnetic response of classes of metal-dielectric-metal metamaterials, including complex freeform designs, can be explained to reveal deeper insights into the underlying physics of nanophotonic structures. Using an explainable AI (XAI) approach, we show that we can identify the importance of specific spatial regions of a nanophotonic structure for the presence or lack of an absorption peak. Our results highlight that ML strategies can be used for physics discovery, as well as design optimization, in optics and photonics.
31685: L. H. Gray
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: L. H Gray was born in 1895 and worked for the Gas Company in London.

He joined up in 1916, as a Private to the 2nd Company, London Yeomanry and fought on the Western Front at Rouen and Nevue Chappelle.

L. H. Gray worked with German POWs. The belt buckle ashtray that was bought in was made from one of the POW's belts.

L. H. Gray survived the war and returned to the Gas Company. He wrote an account of his time in the war - a mixture of the history of the war and a personal memoir.

He died in the late 1950s.

Andrew found the lens and metal surround from a pair of googles when he was visiting Aubigny en Artois.

Andrew went to visit his Great Uncle's grave in the cemetery in Aubigny. He met the relatives of E Hewison (his great niece Andrew thinks) who died on the same day (1st June) and who is buried next to his great uncle.
Quantifying power and consequences of social media protest
Creators: name: Freelon, Deen
name: McIlwain, Charlton
name: Clark, Meredith
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The exercise of power has been an implicit theme in research on the use of social media for political protest, but few studies have attempted to measure social media power and its consequences directly. This study develops and measures three theoretically grounded metrics of social media power—unity, numbers, and commitment—as wielded on Twitter by a social movement (Black Lives Matter [BLM]), a counter-movement (political conservatives), and an unaligned party (mainstream news outlets) over nearly 10months. We find evidence of a model of social media efficacy in which BLM predicts mainstream news coverage of police brutality, which in turn is the strongest driver of attention to the issue from political elites. Critically, the metric that best predicts elite response across all parties is commitment.
Calibration-Free Positioning Technique Using Wi-Fi Ranging and Built-in Sensors of Mobile Devices
Creators: name: Choi, Jeongsik
name: Choi, Yang-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: As positioning solutions integrate multiple components to improve accuracy, the number of parameters that require calibration has increased. This paper studies a calibration-free positioning technique using Wi-Fi ranging and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), where every parameter in the system is optimized in real-time. This significantly decreases the time and effort required to perform manual calibration procedures and enables the positioning solution to achieve robust performance in various situations. Additionally, this paper studies an efficient way of performing irregular Wi-Fi ranging procedures to improve battery life and network performance of mobile devices. The positioning performance of the proposed method was verified using a real-time Android application on several mobile devices under a large indoor office environment. Without any calibration, the proposed method achieved up to 1.38 m average positioning accuracy for received signal strength (RSS)-based ranging scenarios, which differs only by 30 cm from the benchmark assuming perfect calibration. In addition, the proposed method achieved up to 1.04 m accuracy for round trip time (RTT)-based ranging scenarios with a 40 MHz bandwidth configuration, which differs only by 10 cm from the benchmark.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, demo video is available: https://youtu.be/_FnznD1gxV0
Quantifying power and consequences of social media protest
Creators: name: Freelon, Deen
name: McIlwain, Charlton
name: Clark, Meredith
Publisher: name: New Media & Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4701
subject: Communication and media studies

description: The exercise of power has been an implicit theme in research on the use of social media for political protest, but few studies have attempted to measure social media power and its consequences directly. This study develops and measures three theoretically grounded metrics of social media power—unity, numbers, and commitment—as wielded on Twitter by a social movement (Black Lives Matter [BLM]), a counter-movement (political conservatives), and an unaligned party (mainstream news outlets) over nearly 10months. We find evidence of a model of social media efficacy in which BLM predicts mainstream news coverage of police brutality, which in turn is the strongest driver of attention to the issue from political elites. Critically, the metric that best predicts elite response across all parties is commitment.
Filling Perturbative Ground States
Creators: name: Hoyer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss a degree of freedom in formulating perturbation theory that is often neglected: the in- and out-states need not be empty. The inclusion of (free) particles in the asymptotic states modifies the on-shell prescription of the free propagator. This affects loop contributions -- but the modified expansion is {\it a priori} as justified as the standard one with Feynman prescription. It is possible to dress the quark propagator to all orders with zero-momentum gluons from the perturbative ground state. The dressed quark has no pole and thus cannot appear as an external particle in the S-matrix. Chiral symmetry may be spontaneously broken, but Lorentz and gauge symmetry is exact. Adding loop corrections to this ``dressed tree approximation'' gives a formally exact PQCD expansion.
description: Prepared for the Festschrift in honor of Jan Kwiecinski, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica. 8 pages, 2 figures. Uses appolb.cls
Syria in the Arab Spring : The integration of Syria's conflict with the Arab uprisings, 2011-2013
Creators: name: Lynch, Mark
name: Freelon, Deen
name: Aday, Sean
Publisher: name: Research & Politics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: How did Syria’s conflict interact with the broader wave of regional protest known as the Arab Spring? This article uses a unique, complete Twitter dataset of tweets including the word “Syria” in English or Arabic to empirically test how Syria’s conflict was discussed online. The analysis shows a high level of interaction between Syria and other Arab countries through 2011. Other Arab countries experiencing popular protests (“Arab Spring countries”) were referenced far more often in 2011 than were Syria’s immediate neighbors, while keyword analysis shows the framing of the conflict in terms of Syria’s “regime” aligned the conflict with other Arab uprisings. In 2012–2013 this changed sharply, with significantly fewer mentions of other Arab countries, particularly Arab Spring countries, more fundraising and political appeals across the Gulf, and growing Islamization. These findings offer one of the first empirical demonstrations of the integration and disintegration of a unified Arab discourse from 2011 to 2013, with significant implications for theories of the diffusion of protest and ideas.
Non-minimal scalar-flat Kaehler surfaces and parabolic stability
Creators: name: Rollin, Yann
name: Singer, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55; 53C25; 53C20; 53C21; 14E15

description: A new construction is presented of scalar-flat Kaehler metrics on non-minimal ruled surfaces. The method is based on the resolution of singularities of orbifold ruled surfaces which are closely related to rank-2 parabolically stable holomorphic bundles. This rather general construction is shown also to give new examples of low genus: in particular, it is shown that CP^2 blown up at 10 suitably chosen points, admits a scalar-flat Kaehler metric; this answers a question raised by Claude LeBrun in 1986 in connection with the classification of compact self-dual 4-manifolds.
description: Final version, 30 pages, the appendix has been suppressed and will appear elsewhere, to be published in Inventiones Mathematicae
31456: Exploded Shell - Fuse Cap
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Joseph was part of the 2nd/5th Battalion. Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment.

On 3rd May 1917, at the 2nd Battle of Bullecourt, Joseph went over the top at first light. He was killed instantly.

His great nephew visited the battlefield many years later. He had talked to survivors of the battle and had worked out almost exactly where his uncle would have been killed. He found a fuse cap of an exploded shell in that place.
Replica bounds for diluted non-Poissonian spin systems
Creators: name: Franz, Silvio
name: Leone, Michele
name: Toninelli, Fabio Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we extend replica bounds and free energy subadditivity arguments to diluted spin-glass models on graphs with arbitrary, non-Poissonian degree distribution. The new difficulties specific of this case are overcome introducing an interpolation procedure that stresses the relation between interpolation methods and the cavity method. As a byproduct we obtain self-averaging identities that generalize the Ghirlanda-Guerra ones to the multi-overlap case.
description: Latex file, 15 pages, 2 eps figures; Weak point revised and corrected; Misprints corrected
BEYOND4.0 Policy Brief #1
Creators: name: Prof. Warhurst, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: beyond4.0, jobs, industrie4.0

description: With the BEYOND4.0 project, our project consortium provides advice for policymakers and stakeholders on the impact, challenges and opportunities of the new digital technologies in relation to the future of work and welfare. In the coming months and years, at least eight short Policy Briefs will be drawn up for each key policy area that the project examines: Industrie4.0, the Platform Economy, the new labour market, digital skills, taxation in the age of robots, and welfare and the universal basic income. Each Brief will include specific proposals for policy change in that area. Other likely topics in the Briefs are lessons learned from previous technological revolutions, regional responses and business strategies for the digital revolution, and, finally, a summary of the main conclusions of the BEYOND4.0 project. The Policy Briefs will also form the basis for the tool book for a European strategy for tackling the social transformation brought about by the technological transformation.
Fisher information and thermodynamics' 1st. law
Creators: name: Plastino, A.
name: Plastino, A. R.
name: Soffer, B. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently shown, starting from first principles, that thermodynamics' first law (TFL) can be microscopically obtained without need of invoking the adiabatic theorem (AT) [Physica A, {\bf 356}, 167 (2005)]. We show here that a TFL can also be found for Fisher's information measure, following a similar procedure. Further, it is proved that enforcing the Fisher-first law requirements in a process in which the probability distribution is infinitesimally varied is equivalent to minimizing Fisher's information measure subject to appropriate constraints.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Syria in the Arab Spring : The integration of Syria's conflict with the Arab uprisings, 2011-2013
Creators: name: Lynch, Mark
name: Freelon, Deen
name: Aday, Sean
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: How did Syria’s conflict interact with the broader wave of regional protest known as the Arab Spring? This article uses a unique, complete Twitter dataset of tweets including the word “Syria” in English or Arabic to empirically test how Syria’s conflict was discussed online. The analysis shows a high level of interaction between Syria and other Arab countries through 2011. Other Arab countries experiencing popular protests (“Arab Spring countries”) were referenced far more often in 2011 than were Syria’s immediate neighbors, while keyword analysis shows the framing of the conflict in terms of Syria’s “regime” aligned the conflict with other Arab uprisings. In 2012–2013 this changed sharply, with significantly fewer mentions of other Arab countries, particularly Arab Spring countries, more fundraising and political appeals across the Gulf, and growing Islamization. These findings offer one of the first empirical demonstrations of the integration and disintegration of a unified Arab discourse from 2011 to 2013, with significant implications for theories of the diffusion of protest and ideas.
Additional file 7 of MITF induces escape from innate immunity in melanoma
Creators: name: Sánchez-Del-Campo, Luis
name: Martí-Díaz, Román
name: Montenegro, María F.
name: González-Guerrero, Rebeca
name: Hernández-Caselles, Trinidad
name: Martínez-Barba, Enrique
name: Piñero-Madrona, Antonio
name: Cabezas-Herrera, Juan
name: Goding, Colin R.
name: Rodríguez-López, José Neptuno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 7: Figure S7. Quantification of both MITF and MLANA in flow cytometry experiments depicted in Fig. 2a. *p
Hardware Design for Autonomous Bayesian Networks
Creators: name: Faria, Rafatul
name: Kaiser, Jan
name: Camsari, Kerem Y.
name: Datta, Supriyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Directed acyclic graphs or Bayesian networks that are popular in many AI related sectors for probabilistic inference and causal reasoning can be mapped to probabilistic circuits built out of probabilistic bits (p-bits), analogous to binary stochastic neurons of stochastic artificial neural networks. In order to satisfy standard statistical results, individual p-bits not only need to be updated sequentially, but also in order from the parent to the child nodes, necessitating the use of sequencers in software implementations. In this article, we first use SPICE simulations to show that an autonomous hardware Bayesian network can operate correctly without any clocks or sequencers, but only if the individual p-bits are appropriately designed. We then present a simple behavioral model of the autonomous hardware illustrating the essential characteristics needed for correct sequencer-free operation. This model is also benchmarked against SPICE simulations and can be used to simulate large scale networks. Our results could be useful in the design of hardware accelerators that use energy efficient building blocks suited for low-level implementations of Bayesian networks. The autonomous massively parallel operation of our proposed stochastic hardware has biological relevance since neural dynamics in brain is also stochastic and autonomous by nature.
Additional file 8 of MITF induces escape from innate immunity in melanoma
Creators: name: Sánchez-Del-Campo, Luis
name: Martí-Díaz, Román
name: Montenegro, María F.
name: González-Guerrero, Rebeca
name: Hernández-Caselles, Trinidad
name: Martínez-Barba, Enrique
name: Piñero-Madrona, Antonio
name: Cabezas-Herrera, Juan
name: Goding, Colin R.
name: Rodríguez-López, José Neptuno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 8: Figure S8. Densitometry analysis of Western blot data presented in the indicated figures.
Challenges for Modelling CAP 2014–2020 within CGE Model Framework
Creators: name: Zawalińska, Katarzyna
name: Ciechomska, Anna
name: Jendrzejewski, Błażej
name: Zawalińska, Katarzyna
name: Ciechomska, Anna
name: Jendrzejewski, Błażej
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: evaluation of agricultural policy
subject: CGE
subject: modelling CAP 2014–2020

description: The paper discusses various approaches to modelling measures of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) within a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework for the new budgetary period 2014–2020. The task of modelling such a complex policy as the CAP with the use of CGE is not easy at least for three reasons. First, the policy itself is very complex – Pillar 2 alone includes about 17 very heterogeneous measures, which differ in terms of implementation and eligibility criteria. Pillar 1 measures are not targeted (in terms of goods and services that may be bought with these funds) and thus the assessment of their impact requires additional knowledge on how they were spent. Second, although CGE models represent all sectors of the economy, yet they normally do not characterise individual sectors with such a precision as would be desired for modelling the nuances of the individual CAP measures. Third, the CAP evolves towards less tangible measures (risk management, quality improvements, conditionality based on environmental requirements), and towards increasing role of non-marketed goods (provision of public goods, environmental amenities, food safety). There is also an increasing role of human capital manifested by e.g. bottom-up approaches or co-operation measures. They, however, are difficult to grasp by the CGE models since they are not directly observed or linked to the exogenous variables controlled in this types of models. While taking all the challenges into account and relaying on a literature review the article presents some solution and makes suggestions for possible ways of modelling new CAP 2014–2020 within CGE modelling framework which may be useful in the policy evaluation.
Approximation of Quantum Tori by Finite Quantum Tori for the Quantum Gromov-Hausdorff Distance
Creators: name: Latremoliere, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46L87 (Primary), 53C23, 58B34 (Secondary)

description: The statement that one can approximate a quantum torus by some twisted convolution C*-algebra of a (finite) quotient of Z^d can be found in the physics literature dealing with quantum field theory and M-theory. In this paper, we show that indeed the quantum tori are limits of such finite dimensional C*-algebras for the quantum Gromov-Hausdorff distance for compact quantum metric spaces introduced by Rieffel, when one chooses the right metric structures. The proof uses a mild extension of a result by Ramazan on continuous fields of C*-algebras obtained from groupoid C*-algebras, and extends on Rieffel's work on the continuity of the quantum tori for the quantum Gromov-Hausdorff distance. We also show that one can collapse a quantum torus to a lower dimensional quantum torus.
description: Published version (Journal of Functional Analysis), 33 pages. This version proves a more general statement of the main result. The older version v2 contains more details regarding the use of groupoids in the proof of the main result
General description for nonequilibrium steady states in periodically driven dissipative quantum systems
Creators: name: Ikeda, Tatsuhiko N.
name: Sato, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser technology has developed and accelerated photo-induced nonequilibrium physics from both scientific and engineering viewpoints. The Floquet engineering, i.e., controlling material properties and functionalities by time-periodic drives, is a forefront of quantum physics of light-matter interaction, but limited to ideal dissipationless systems. For the Floquet engineering extended to a variety of materials, it is vital to understand the quantum states emerging in a balance of the periodic drive and energy dissipation. Here we derive the general description for nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) in periodically driven dissipative systems by focusing on the systems under high-frequency drive and time-independent Lindblad-type dissipation with the detailed balance condition. Our formula correctly describes the time-average, fluctuation, and symmetry property of the NESS, and can be computed efficiently in numerical calculations. Our approach will play fundamental roles in Floquet engineering in a broad class of dissipative quantum systems such as atoms and molecules, mesoscopic systems, and condensed matter.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures + supplemental
Unified derivations of measurement-based schemes for quantum computation
Creators: name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Leung, Debbie W.
name: Nielsen, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present unified, systematic derivations of schemes in the two known measurement-based models of quantum computation. The first model (introduced by Raussendorf and Briegel [Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 5188 (2001)]) uses a fixed entangled state, adaptive measurements on single qubits, and feedforward of the measurement results. The second model (proposed by Nielsen [Phys. Lett. A, 308, 96 (2003)] and further simplified by Leung [Int. J. Quant. Inf., 2, 33 (2004)]) uses adaptive two-qubit measurements that can be applied to arbitrary pairs of qubits, and feedforward of the measurement results. The underlying principle of our derivations is a variant of teleportation introduced by Zhou, Leung, and Chuang [Phys. Rev. A, 62, 052316 (2000)]. Our derivations unify these two measurement-based models of quantum computation and provide significantly simpler schemes.
description: 14 pages
Changes in the Spatial Distribution of the Level and Dynamics of Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas in Poland
Creators: name: Stanny, Monika
name: Rosner, Andrzej
name: Kozdroń, Edyta
name: Stanny, Monika
name: Rosner, Andrzej
name: Kozdroń, Edyta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: socio-economic development
subject: level of development
subject: development dynamics
subject: gmina
subject: rural areas

description: Abstract: This article shows the characteristics of spatial differentiation of level and dynamics of socio-economic development of rural areas in Poland. The Authors try to define typical directions of the development of gminas and look for an answer to the question: what, and what gminas’ features, determine the direction of development? The analysis presented in the paper has been based on the data originating from the Rural Development Monitoring Project. The results showed the differentiation of the development level to be a part of very dynamic contemporary reality. Criteria up to this date documented in research and arranging spatial diversity of social and economic phenomena apply specifically to description of the development’s level, while dynamics is being arranged by a different criteria. Moreover, the research describes four basic profiles of the dynamics of gminas’ development.
Perturbations and Linearization Stability of Closed Friedmann Universes
Creators: name: Noh, Hyerim
name: Hwang, Jai-chan
name: Barrow, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider perturbations of closed Friedmann universes. Perturbation modes of two lowest wavenumbers ($L=0$ and $1$) are generally known to be fictitious, but here we show that both are physical. The issue is more subtle in Einstein static universes where closed background space has a time-like Killing vector with the consequent occurrence of linearization instability. Proper solutions of the linearized equation need to satisfy the Taub constraint on a quadratic combination of first-order variables. We evaluate the Taub constraint in the two available fundamental gauge conditions, and show that in both gauges the $L\geq 1$ modes should accompany the $L=0$ (homogeneous) mode for vanishing sound speed, $c_{s}$. For $c_{s}^{2}>1/5$ (a scalar field supported Einstein static model belongs to this case with $c_s^2 = 1$), the $L\geq 2$ modes are known to be stable. In order to have a stable Einstein static evolutionary stage in the early universe, before inflation and without singularity, although the Taub constraint does not forbid it, we need to find a mechanism to suppress the unstable $L=0$ and $L=1$ modes.
description: 19 pages, no figure, published in Phys. Rev. D
Charge-stripe phases versus a weak anisotropy of nearest-neighbor hopping
Creators: name: Derzhko, V.
name: Jedrzejewski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, we demonstrated rigorously the stability of charge-stripe phases in quantum-particle systems that are described by extended Falicov-Kimball Hamiltonians, with the quantum hopping particles being either spinless fermions or hardcore bosons. In this paper, by means of the same methods, we show that any anisotropy of nearest-neighbor hopping eliminates the $π/2$-rotation degeneracy of the so called dimeric and axial-stripe phases and orients them in the direction of a weaker hopping. Moreover, due to the same anisotropy the obtained phase diagrams of fermions show a tendency to become similar to those of hardcore bosons.
description: 41 pages, 17 figures, 28 tables
Dark soliton of polariton condensates under nonresonant PT-symmetric pumping
Creators: name: Jia, Chunyu
name: Liang, Zhaoxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum system in complex potentials obeying parity-time (PT ) symmetry could exhibit all real spectra, starting out in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. The key physics behind a PT-symmetric system consists of the balanced gain and loss of the complex potential. In this work, we plan to include the nonequilibrium nature, i.e. the intrinsic kinds of gain and loss of a system, to a PT-symmetric many-body quantum system, with the emphasis on the combined effects of non-Hermitian due to nonequilibrium nature and PT symmetry in determining the properties of a system. In this end, we investigate the static and dynamical properties of a dark soliton of a polariton Bose-Einstein condensate under the PT-symmetric non-resonant pumping by solving the driven-dissipative GrossPitaevskii equation both analytically and numerically. We derive the equation of motion for the center of mass of the dark solitons center analytically with the help of the Hamiltonian approach. The resulting equation captures how the combination of the open-dissipative character and PT-symmetry affects the properties of dark soliton, i.e. the soliton relaxes by blending with the background at a finite time. Further numerical solutions are in excellent agreement with the analytical results.
Angular intricacies in hot gauge field theories
Creators: name: Grandou, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that in hot gauge field theories, "Hard Thermal Loops" leading order calculations call for a definite sequence of angular averages and discontinuity (or Imaginary part prescription) operations, and run otherwise into incorrect results. The ten years old collinear singularity problem of hot $QCD$, provides a striking illustration of that fate.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
31470: William Ward's Dead Man's Penny and Commemoration Certificate
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: William Ward was part of the Sherwood Foresters Notts & Derby. He was born in Westcott and moved to Dorking where he worked as a labourer.
William was killed when a shell exploded in Hargicourt, France. He was 31.
title: Observational Studies of the Learning Behaviour of Distance Education Students using an Asynchronous, Remote, Recording and Replay Tool
Creators: name: Logan, Kit
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: This thesis gives details of a series of studies that were designed to investigate how distance education students use courseware in their learning and how time, comfort and learning styles, should be taken into account when designing distance education courses. The online behaviour of groups of distance education students, who volunteered to take part, were observed using an asynchronous, remote recording and replay tool (AESOP) as they completed online practical exercises as part of the Open University course M206 Computing: An Object Oriented Approach. Web based questionnaires were used to determine data not obtainable from the recording software, including students’ levels of comfort with computing tasks and learning styles as measured by two well known questionnaires and another developed for the study.

 The profile of the times at which students study suggests the times at which they study are constrained by their personal circumstances. Time of day was not found to be a factor that affected academic performance or online behaviour. Students’ self expressed levels of comfort with computing tasks were found to be significantly related to academic performance. Significant relationships were also noted between students’ levels of preferences for the Activist and Dependent learning styles and academic performance. The Theorist, Collaborative and Visual styles were also found to be significantly related to the time students took to complete online practical work. A series of fine grained analyses looking at students' workspace arrangement, use of the notes page and sequence in which they used the course material, all raise further issues pertinent to the research and improvement in computer based instructional materials and distance education.
The promise of precommitment in democracy and human rights : The hopeful, forgotten failure of the Larreta Doctrine
Creators: name: Long, Tom
name: Friedman, Max Paul
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Although international precommitment regimes offer a tool to escape the apparent contradiction between sovereignty and the international protection of democracy and human rights, they raise theoretical and practical questions. This article draws on multinational archival research to explore an overlooked historical episode and suggest new thinking regarding the logjams over sovereignty, incapacity of global decision making, and humanitarian imperialism. In 1945 and 1946, the American states engaged in a debate over the Larreta Doctrine, a Uruguayan proposal about the parallelism between democracy and human rights, and the regional rights and duties to safeguard these values. In the ensuing debate, the Uruguayan foreign minister elaborated a tripartite precommitment mechanism to create a web of national commitments to democratic governance and the domestic protection of human rights, to establish a regional insurance policy against failures to maintain those commitments, and to obligate the great power and neighboring states to precommit to working through the regional system instead of unilaterally. As a proposal that emerged from a weak state—and garnered support from states that faced internal and external threats to democracy and rights—the Larreta Doctrine offers insights on the central tension between state sovereignty and international commitments.
The promise of precommitment in democracy and human rights : The hopeful, forgotten failure of the Larreta Doctrine
Creators: name: Long, Tom
name: Friedman, Max Paul
Publisher: name: Perspectives on Politics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Although international precommitment regimes offer a tool to escape the apparent contradiction between sovereignty and the international protection of democracy and human rights, they raise theoretical and practical questions. This article draws on multinational archival research to explore an overlooked historical episode and suggest new thinking regarding the logjams over sovereignty, incapacity of global decision making, and humanitarian imperialism. In 1945 and 1946, the American states engaged in a debate over the Larreta Doctrine, a Uruguayan proposal about the parallelism between democracy and human rights, and the regional rights and duties to safeguard these values. In the ensuing debate, the Uruguayan foreign minister elaborated a tripartite precommitment mechanism to create a web of national commitments to democratic governance and the domestic protection of human rights, to establish a regional insurance policy against failures to maintain those commitments, and to obligate the great power and neighboring states to precommit to working through the regional system instead of unilaterally. As a proposal that emerged from a weak state—and garnered support from states that faced internal and external threats to democracy and rights—the Larreta Doctrine offers insights on the central tension between state sovereignty and international commitments.
Additional file 9 of MITF induces escape from innate immunity in melanoma
Creators: name: Sánchez-Del-Campo, Luis
name: Martí-Díaz, Román
name: Montenegro, María F.
name: González-Guerrero, Rebeca
name: Hernández-Caselles, Trinidad
name: Martínez-Barba, Enrique
name: Piñero-Madrona, Antonio
name: Cabezas-Herrera, Juan
name: Goding, Colin R.
name: Rodríguez-López, José Neptuno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 9: Figure S9. The figure shows the full original and uncropped images for the western blots presented in the indicated figures. The identification of corresponding protein bands was based on the expected molecular weight as indicated in the main figure.
A new spin on an old debate : Errors in farmer-reported production and their implications for inverse scale - productivity relationship in Uganda
Creators: name: Gourlay, Sydney
name: Kilic, Talip
name: Lobell, David B.
Publisher: name: Journal of Development Economics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Based on a two-round household panel survey conducted in Eastern Uganda, this study shows that the analysis of the inverse scale-productivity relationship (IR) is highly sensitive to how plot-level maize production is measured. While farmer-reported production-based plot-level maize yield regressions consistently lend support to the IR, the com- parable regressions estimated with maize yields based on sub-plot crop cutting, full-plot crop cutting, and remote sensing point towards constant returns to scale, at the mean as well as throughout the distributions. In deriving the much-debated coefficient for GPS-based plot area, the maize yield regressions control for objective measures of soil fertility and edge effects at the plot-level, as well as time-invariant household- and parcel-level unobserved hetero- geneity in select specifications. The core finding appears to be driven by over-estimation of farmer-reported maize production vis-a-vis their crop cutting-based counterparts, particularly in the lower half of the plot area distribution.
Spatial Determinants of Business Location in Rural Areas
Creators: name: Kłodziński, Marek
name: Zarębski, Patrycjusz
name: Kłodziński, Marek
name: Zarębski, Patrycjusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: multifunctional development
subject: enterprises
subject: location factors
subject: location of enterprises
subject: socio-economic development

description: The aim of the discussion in this paper was to identify types of gminas due to the dynamics of enterprise occurrence with respect to the level of socio-economic development. Four types of gminas were described, namely: sustainably developing, unstably developing, slowly developing ones as well as those immune to deve lopment. As a result of statistical analysis it was found out that the spatial distribution of the number of enterprises is not determined by the level of socio-economic development, which was confirmed by low correlation and low value of determination coefficient for the linear model. A low dynamics of enterprises’ development in northern Poland, and in the border gminas in the eastern and north-eastern parts of the country was noted. The map of types (models) of socio-economic development of Poland shows polarization. There is a clear division between gminas characterized by stable development, which are located mainly in the western and southern Poland, and the gminas featuring unstable development, which are located predominantly in the eastern part of Poland.
Radio Astronomical Polarimetry and Point-Source Calibration
Creators: name: van Straten, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mathematical framework is presented for use in the experimental determination of the polarimetric response of observatory instrumentation. Elementary principles of linear algebra are applied to model the full matrix description of the polarization measurement equation by least-squares estimation of non-linear, scalar parameters. The formalism is applied to calibrate the center element of the Parkes Multibeam receiver using observations of the millisecond pulsar, PSR J0437-4715, and the radio galaxy, 3C 218 (Hydra A).
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, to be published in ApJS
Life cycle assessment of Georgia and Dunsmuir viaduct
Creators: name: Dennert, Katherine
name: Plant, Sherwood
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: This study sought to provide a baseline comparison point to the City of Vancouver for the construction of the Georgia and Dunsmuir viaducts, as well as an approximation of several of the end of life options that are possible. This is accomplished by doing a quantity takeoff of the viaducts using a combination of OnScreen Takeoff and Excel. The volumes developed from this were then modelled in Athena Impact Estimator in order to determine the net impact of the construction of the viaducts. In order to model the end of life options of the viaducts were considered; Greenway or Cut and Haul removal. Based on approximated models, Cut and Haul removal was found to have the lower environmental impact. The results should be considered preliminary due to the lack of information, LCA tools available and time constraints to complete a more detailed analysis. Further analysis is recommended to validate the material quantities and develop models of more detailed end of life scenarios. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Theoretical investigation on electronic properties of topological materials: Optical excitations in Moebius conjugated polymers
Creators: name: Harigaya, Kikuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structures and optical excitations in Moebius conjugated polymers are studied theoretically. Periodic and Moebius boundary conditions are applied to the tight binding model of poly(para-phenylene), taking into account of the exciton effects by long-range Coulomb interactions. We first discuss that oligomers with a few structural units are more effective than polymers, in order to measure effects of discrete wave numbers which are shift by the Moebius boundary from those of the periodic boundary. Next, calculations of the optical absorption spectra are reported. Certain components of the optical absorption for the electric field perpendicular to the polymer axis mix with the absorption spectra for the electric filed parallel with the polymer axis. Therefore, the polarization dependences of electric field of light can detect whether conjugated polymers have the Moebius boundary or not.
Supplementary Figures from Geometric constraint of mechanosensing by modification of hydrogel thickness prevents stiffness-induced differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells
Creators: name: Hernandez-Miranda, Maria L
name: Xu, Dichu
name: Ben Issa, Aya A
name: Johnston, David A
name: Browne, Martin
name: Cook, Richard B
name: Sengers, Bram  G
name: Evans, Nicholas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320203
subject: Clinical microbiology

description: This file provides 3 Supplementary Figures with captions shown in the file. They are:Supplementary Figure 1.Fluorescent microbeads are distributed evenly in stiff hydrogels but show alignment with gel wrinkles in soft hydrogels (A). Microbead incorporation did not affect the thickness of either thin or thick hydrogels, except for in 50 uL soft hydrogels. Three hydrogels per condition were imaged using a confocal microscope (B). Microbead incorporation had little effect on corrected elastic modulus on either soft (C) or thick (D) hydrogels. Statistical differences were calculated by the 2-way ANOVA method (****=p<0.0001). Three soft or stiff hydrogels per PAAM volume were used to measure hydrogel thickness from top to bottom using a confocal microscope.Supplementary Figure 2Addition of osteogenic supplements leads to a significant increase in Ca2+ deposition at 14 days, as measured by alizarin red S staining and image quantification.Supplementary Figure 3Stiff matrices exhibit small deformations by BMSCs regardless of hydrogel thickness. Small coloured arrows show small deformations on stiff, thick hydrogels compared to their thin counterparts. Phase contrast (BF) and fluorescent (Cy3) images were obtained at 10X magnification under a Nikon Eclipse Ti inverted microscope. One microscopic field per stiff/thin, stiff/thick hydrogel (n=3) was imaged. Scale bar = 100 um.
title: The preparation of encapsulated fluoride anion in T8 silsesquiocane cages
Creators: name: Pourny, Manuel
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: A great number of reactions leading to the formation of polyhedral silsesquioxanes are known. Because this is a complex and multistep process, these reactions also lead to polymers and oligomers, which may include polyhedral silsesquioxanes and some homo derivatives. Our work has focused on the synthesis of octasilsesquioxanes by the hydrolytic condensation of trifunctional monomers using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride as a catalyst. We have studied the influence of solvent and the nature of the alkoxy leaving group in the starting material, trialkoxysilane, on the yields in the synthesis of octacyclopentyloctasilsesquioxanes and octaphenyloctasilsesquioxanes. Using the TBAF route, we also prepared a phenyl-T8, a vinyl-T8 and para-tolyl-T8 cage with a fluoride anion which is perfectly centred in the middle of the cage. For all of these fluoride encapsulated cages, we have obtained single crystal X-Ray structures as shown below.
We were also able to synthesize octa-pflra-chloromethylphenyloctasilsesquioxane cage with an encapsulated fluoride anion. For this latter structure we only obtained 29Si and 19F NMR data and Mass Spectrometry data which are in agreement with data from the phenyl and vinyl cages. The four tetra-H-butylammonium octasilsesquioxane fluoride cages obtained so far all have an sp2 carbon atom bonded to the silicon atom. We thus attempted to prepare fluoride-encapsulated cages where the R group at silicon is bound by an sp3 carbon, such as cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, isobutyl, n-octyl or benzyl. Unfortunately using these groups, we have only been able to isolate the conventional octasilsesquioxane fluoride ion free cages. However, experimental attempts to synthesize Q8 cages with fluoride ion inside have been successful and even though we were unable to obtain a single X-ray crystal structure, 29Si and 19F NMR spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry data demonstrated that tetra-w -butylammonium fluoride Q8 cages were the main product of the reaction and were obtained in reasonable yields. In order to understand the encapsulation mechanism we investigated the possibility of the entrapment of different anions using other sources of catalyst. None of these investigations showed the encapsulation of an anion other than fluoride ion. This highlighted the peculiar role of TBAF and so we looked further at the mechanism of the encapsulation and its requirements in terms of physical and environmental parameters.
Finally we carried out some physical studies and in particular Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) of some of materials synthesized by our research group, namely pure hexa, octa and dodecasilsesquioxane cages and compared them with the corresponding fluoride-encapsulated cages where possible.