cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gut check: Unveiling the influence of acute exercise on the gut microbiota
Creators: name: Grosicki, Gregory J
name: Langan, Sean P
name: Bagley, James R
name: Galpin, Andrew J
name: Garner, Dan
name: Hampton‐Marcell, Jarrad T
name: Allen, Jacob M
name: Robinson, Austin T
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3208
subject: Medical physiology
classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise
classificationCode: 3109
subject: Zoology
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 3107
subject: Microbiology

description: The human gastrointestinal microbiota and its unique metabolites regulate a diverse array of physiological processes with substantial implications for human health and performance. Chronic exercise training positively modulates the gut microbiota and its metabolic output. The benefits of chronic exercise for the gut microbiota may be influenced by acute changes in microbial community structure and function that follow a single exercise bout (i.e., acute exercise). Thus, an improved understanding of changes in the gut microbiota that occur with acute exercise could aid in the development of evidence-based exercise training strategies to target the gut microbiota more effectively. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on the acute and very short-term (<3 weeks) exercise responses of the gut microbiota and faecal metabolites in humans. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and providing recommendations for future research in this area. NEW FINDINGS: What is the topic of this review? The chronic benefits of exercise for the gut microbiota are likely influenced by acute changes in microbial community structure and function that follow a single exercise bout. This review provides a summary of the existing literature on acute exercise responses of the gut microbiota and its metabolic output in humans. What advances does it highlight? Acute aerobic exercise appears to have limited effects on diversity of the gut microbiota, variable effects on specific microbial taxa, and numerous effects on the metabolic activity of gut microbes with possible implications for host health and performance.
Gretacarus occidentalis Smit 2016
Creators: name: Orginal, Harry Smit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Mideopsidae
Gretacarus
Gretacarus occidentalis

description: Gretacarus occidentalis Smit, 2016   New record — 1/0/0, Glenoran Pool, W of Glenoran, 34°12.979′ S 115°56.436′ E, 160 m asl,
8 Feb. 2019.
 Distribution — Known from Western Australia only.
description: Published as part of Orginal, Harry Smit, 2021, The water mites of Western Australia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 13 new species, pp. 928-966 in Acarologia 61 (4) on page 961
Functional electrical stimulation cycling exercise after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of health and fitness-related outcomes
Creators: name: Van Der Scheer, Jan W.
name: Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria L.
name: Valentino, Sydney E.
name: Davis, Glen M.
name: Ho, Chester H.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review
Spinal cord injury
Functional electrical stimulation
Exercise
Systematic review
Clinical practice guidelines

description: Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this review was to summarize and appraise evidence on functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling exercise after spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to inform the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL were searched up to April 2021 to identify FES cycling exercise intervention studies including adults with SCI. In order to capture the widest array of evidence available, any outcome measure employed in such studies was considered eligible. Two independent reviewers conducted study eligibility screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using Cochranes’ Risk of Bias or Downs and Black tools. Each study was designated as a Level 1, 2, 3 or 4 study, dependent on study design and quality appraisal scores. The certainty of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE ratings (‘High’, ‘Moderate’, ‘Low’, or ‘Very low’). Results: Ninety-two studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising 999 adults with SCI representing all age, sex, time since injury, lesion level and lesion completeness strata. For muscle health (e.g., muscle mass, fiber type composition), significant improvements were found in 3 out of 4 Level 1–2 studies, and 27 out of 32 Level 3–4 studies (GRADE rating: ‘High’). Although lacking Level 1–2 studies, significant improvements were also found in nearly all of 35 Level 3–4 studies on power output and aerobic fitness (e.g., peak power and oxygen uptake during an FES cycling test) (GRADE ratings: ‘Low’). Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that FES cycling exercise improves lower-body muscle health of adults with SCI, and may increase power output and aerobic fitness. The evidence summarized and appraised in this review can inform the development of the first international, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the use of FES cycling exercise in clinical and community settings of adults with SCI. Registration review protocol: CRD42018108940 (PROSPERO)
Non-destructive optical measurement of relative phase between two Bose condensates
Creators: name: Ruostekoski, Janne
name: Walls, Dan F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interaction of light with two Bose condensates as an open quantum system. The two overlapping condensates occupy two different Zeeman sublevels and two driving light beams induce a coherent quantum tunneling between the condensates. We derive the master equation for the system. It is shown that stochastic simulations of the measurements of spontaneously scattered photons establish the relative phase between two Bose condensates, even though the condensates are initially in pure number states. These measurements are non-destructive for the condensates, because only light is scattered, but no atoms are removed from the system. Due to the macroscopic quantum interference the detection rate of photons depends substantially on the relative phase between the condensates. This may provide a way to distinguish, whether the condensates are initially in number states or in coherent states.
description: 26 pages, RevTex, 8 postscript figures, 1 MacBinary eps-figure
Additional file 1: of Follow-up care after treatment for prostate cancer: evaluation of a supported self-management and remote surveillance programme
Creators: name: Frankland, Jane
name: Brodie, Hazel
name: Cooke, Deborah
name: Foster, Claire
name: Foster, Rebecca
name: Gage, Heather
name: Jordan, Jake
name: Mesa-Eguiagaray, Ines
name: Pickering, Ruth
name: Richardson, Alison
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Programmeâ s clinical eligibility criteria. Table containing the clinical eligibility criteria for inclusion in the Programme. (DOCX 12 kb)
Asymptotic symmetries of AdS_2 and conformal group in d=1
Creators: name: Cadoni, Mariano
name: Mignemi, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed discussion of the asymptotic symmetries of Anti-de Sitter space in two dimensions and their relationship with the conformal group in one dimension. We use this relationship to give a microscopical derivation of the entropy of 2d black holes that have asymptotically Anti-de Sitter behaviour. The implications of our results for the conjectured AdS_2/CFT_1 duality are also discussed.
description: 15 pages, LaTex file
Some properties of WKB series
Creators: name: Robnik, Marko
name: Romanovski, Valery G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate some properties of the WKB series for arbitrary analytic potentials and then specifically for potentials $x^N$ ($N$ even), where more explicit formulae for the WKB terms are derived. Our main new results are: (i) We find the explicit functional form for the general WKB terms $σ_k'$, where one has only to solve a general recursion relation for the rational coefficients. (ii) We give a systematic algorithm for a dramatic simplification of the integrated WKB terms $\oint σ_k'dx$ that enter the energy eigenvalue equation. (iii) We derive almost explicit formulae for the WKB terms for the energy eigenvalues of the homogeneous power law potentials $V(x) = x^N$, where $N$ is even. In particular, we obtain effective algorithms to compute and reduce the terms of these series.
description: 18 pages, submitted to Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General
Spectroscopic Detection of a Stellar-like Photosphere in an Accreting Protostar
Creators: name: Greene, Thomas P.
name: Lada, Charles J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first spectrum of a highly veiled, strongly accreting protostar which shows photospheric absorption features and demonstrates the stellar nature of its central core. We find the spectrum of the luminous (L_bol = 10 L_sun) protostellar source, YLW 15, to be stellar-like with numerous atomic and molecular absorption features, indicative of a K5 IV/V spectral type and a continuum veiling r_k = 3.0. Its derived stellar luminosity (3 L_sun) and stellar radius (3.1 R_sun) are consistent with those of a 0.5 M_sun pre-main-sequence star. However, 70% of its bolometric luminosity is due to mass accretion, whose rate we estimate to be 1.6 E-6 M_sun / yr onto the protostellar core. We determine that excess infrared emission produced by the circumstellar accretion disk, the inner infalling envelope, and accretion shocks at the surface of the stellar core of YLW 15 all contribute signifi- cantly to its near-IR continuum veiling. Its projected rotation velocity v sin i = 50 km / s is comparable to those of flat-spectrum protostars but considerably higher than those of classical T Tauri stars in the rho Oph cloud. The protostar may be magnetically coupled to its circumstellar disk at a radius of 2 R_*. It is also plausible that this protostar can shed over half its angular momentum and evolve into a more slowly rotating classical T Tauri star by remaining coupled to its circumstellar disk (at increasing radius) as its accretion rate drops by an order of magnitude during the rapid transition between the Class I and Class II phases of evolution. The spectrum of WL 6 does not show any photospheric absorption features, and we estimate that its continuum veiling is r_k >= 4.6. Together with its low bolometric luminosity (2 L_sun), this dictates that its central core is very low mass, ~0.1 M_sun.
description: 14 pages including 9 figures (3 figures of 3 panels each, all as separate files). AASTeX LaTex macros version 5.0. To be published in The Astronomical Journal (tentatively Oct 2002)
Catamorphic Abstractions for Constrained Horn Clause Satisfiability
Creators: name: De Angelis, Emanuele
name: Fioravanti, Fabio
name: Pettorossi, Alberto
name: Proietti, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Catamorphisms are functions that are recursively defined on list and trees and, in general, on Algebraic Data Types (ADTs), and are often used to compute suitable abstractions of programs that manipulate ADTs. Examples of catamorphisms include functions that compute size of lists, orderedness of lists, and height of trees. It is well known that program properties specified through catamorphisms can be proved by showing the satisfiability of suitable sets of Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs). We address the problem of checking the satisfiability of those sets of CHCs, and we propose a method for transforming sets of CHCs into equisatisfiable sets where catamorphisms are no longer present. As a consequence, clauses with catamorphisms can be handled without extending the satisfiability algorithms used by existing CHC solvers. Through an experimental evaluation on a non-trivial benchmark consisting of many list and tree processing algorithms expressed as sets of CHCs, we show that our technique is indeed effective and significantly enhances the performance of state-of-the-art CHC solvers.
description: Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)
Single-participant structural similarity matrices lead to greater accuracy in classification of participants than function in autism in MRI.
Creators: name: Leming, Matthew J
name: Baron-Cohen, Simon
name: Suckling, John
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Autism
Functional Connectivity
Structural Similarity
Deep Learning

description: BackgroundAutism has previously been characterized by both structural and functional differences in brain connectivity. However, while the literature on single-subject derivations of functional connectivity is extensively developed, similar methods of structural connectivity or similarity derivation from T1 MRI are less studied.MethodsWe introduce a technique of deriving symmetric similarity matrices from regional histograms of grey matter volumes estimated from T1-weighted MRIs. We then validated the technique by inputting the similarity matrices into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify between participants with autism and age-, motion-, and intracranial-volume-matched controls from six different databases (29,288 total connectomes, mean age = 30.72, range 0.42-78.00, including 1555 subjects with autism). We compared this method to similar classifications of the same participants using fMRI connectivity matrices as well as univariate estimates of grey matter volumes. We further applied graph-theoretical metrics on output class activation maps to identify areas of the matrices that the CNN preferentially used to make the classification, focusing particularly on hubs.LimitationsWhile this study used a large sample size, the majority of data was from a young age group; furthermore, to make a viable machine learning study, we treated autism, a highly heterogeneous condition, as a binary label. Thus, these results are not necessarily generalizable to all subtypes and age groups in autism.ResultsOur models gave AUROCs of 0.7298 (69.71% accuracy) when classifying by only structural similarity, 0.6964 (67.72% accuracy) when classifying by only functional connectivity, and 0.7037 (66.43% accuracy) when classifying by univariate grey matter volumes. Combining structural similarity and functional connectivity gave an AUROC of 0.7354 (69.40% accuracy). Analysis of classification performance across age revealed the greatest accuracy in adolescents, in which most data were present. Graph analysis of class activation maps revealed no distinguishable network patterns for functional inputs, but did reveal localized differences between groups in bilateral Heschl's gyrus and upper vermis for structural similarity.ConclusionThis study provides a simple means of feature extraction for inputting large numbers of structural MRIs into machine learning models. Our methods revealed a unique emphasis of the deep learning model on the structure of the bilateral Heschl's gyrus when characterizing autism.
Serious Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated with Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine Alone or with Azithromycin in Patients with COVID-19: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Creators: name: Kinlaw, A.C.
name: Simpson, R.J., Jr.
name: Zhao, Y.
name: Zheng, K.
name: Thai, S.
name: Buse, J.B.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Cui, X.
name: Wei, J.
name: Wang, T.
name: Stürmer, T.
Publisher: name: Adis
Year: 2022

description: Background: The use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine (HCQ/CQ) as monotherapy or combined with azithromycin for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse events (SCAEs). Objective: Our objective was to describe and evaluate the risk of SCAEs with HCQ/CQ as monotherapy or combined with azithromycin compared with that for therapeutic alternatives. Methods: We performed a disproportionality analysis and descriptive case series using the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Results: Compared with remdesivir, HCQ/CQ was associated with increased reporting of SCAEs (reporting odds ratio [ROR] 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–2.5), torsade de pointes (TdP)/QTc prolongation (ROR 35.4; 95% CI 19.4–64.5), and ventricular arrhythmia (ROR 2.5; 95% CI 1.6–3.9); similar results were found in comparison with other therapeutic alternatives. Compared with lopinavir/ritonavir, HCQ/CQ was associated with increased reporting of ventricular arrhythmia (ROR 10.5; 95% CI 3.3–33.4); RORs were larger when HCQ/CQ was used in combination with azithromycin. In 2020, 312 of the 575 reports of SCAEs listed concomitant use of HCQ/CQ and azithromycin, including QTc prolongation (61.4%), ventricular arrhythmia (12.0%), atrial fibrillation (8.2%), TdP (4.9%), and cardiac arrest (4.4%); 88 (15.3%) cases resulted in hospitalization and 79 (13.7%) resulted in death. In total, 122 fatal QTc prolongation-related cardiovascular reports were associated with 1.4 times higher odds of reported death than those induced by SCAEs; 87 patients received more than one QTc-prolonging agent. Conclusions: Patients treated with HCQ/CQ monotherapy or HCQ/CQ + azithromycin may be at increased risk of SCAEs, TdP/QTc prolongation, and ventricular arrhythmia. Cardiovascular risks need to be considered when evaluating the benefit/harm balance of treatment with HCQ/CQ, especially with the concurrent use of QTc-prolonging agents and cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors when treating COVID-19.
Cutting through complexity: the Breathing, Thinking, Functioning clinical model is an educational tool that facilitates chronic breathlessness management.
Creators: name: Spathis, Anna
name: Burkin, Julie
name: Moffat, Catherine
name: Tuffnell, Rachel
name: Barclay, Stephen
name: Mant, Jonathan
name: Booth, Sara
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Chronic breathlessness is a distressing symptom that is challenging to manage. The Breathing, Thinking, Functioning clinical model is an educational tool developed to support breathlessness management. Health professionals report that the model increases clinician and patient understanding of this complex symptom, and provides a simple and structured approach to personalised self-management.
Analytic solutions for the motion of spinning particles near brane-world black hole
Creators: name: Liu, Yunlong
name: Zhang, Xiangdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general motion of spinning test particles to the leading order approximation of spin in the brane-world spacetime is investigated. Analytical integrations for the equations of motion and linear shifts in orbital frequency are obtained. As a result, we found that both the nodal precession and the periastron precession become larger when the tidal charge $b$ of brane-world spacetime becomes smaller. For the periastron precession, the effect is further amplified as the spin increases. Our work can potentially be applied to the study of gravitational waveforms of Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals with spin in brane-world spacetime.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
title: Pharmazeutische Zentralhalle für Deutschland 66. Jahrgang 1925
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Theodor Steinkopff
Year: 1925
Subjects: subject: 615

description: Pharmazeutische Zentralhalle für Deutschland: Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche, praktische und geschäftliche Interessen der Pharmazie, vol. 66. 1925
Multidimensional Geometrical Model of the Renormalized Electrical Charge with Splitting off the Extra Coordinates
Creators: name: Dzhunushaliev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A geometrical model of electric charge is proposed. This model has ``naked'' charge screened with a ``fur - coat'' consisting of virtual wormholes. The 5D wormhole solution in the Kaluza - Klein theory is the ``naked'' charge. The splitting off of the 5D dimension happens on the two spheres (null surfaces) bounding this 5D wormhole. This allows one to sew two Reissner - Nordström black holes onto it on both sides. The virtual wormholes entrap a part of the electrical flux lines coming into the ``naked'' charge. This effect essentially changes the charge visible at infinity so that it satisfies the real relation $m^2
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, awarded Honorable Mention by Grav.Res.Found., 1998
Leobodes Aoki 1965
Creators: name: Ermilov, Sergey G.
name: Martens, Jochen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Nippobodidae
Leobodes

description: Genus Leobodes Aoki, 1965
 Type species: Leobodes mirabilis Aoki, 1965
 Diagnosis — Adult. With character states of the Nippobodidae (Chen and Wang 2007, partially; Norton and Behan-Pelletier 2007). Size: length of body about 500–850.
Integument – Surface smooth or with granulate microsculpturing, sometimes notogaster and anogenital region foveolate or rugose.
Prodorsum – Rostrum broadly rounded. Lateral carina well-developed. Lamella ridge-like. Prolamella and translamella absent or present, inconspicuous. Tutorium elongate plate-like, with triangular tip. Prodorsal hollow of prodorsum large, partially covered by prodorsal processes connected medially. Anterior parts of prodorsal processes often forming aperture which is fused with prodorsal hollow. Posterior parts of prodorsal processes with one pair of condyles. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae comparatively long, setiform or thickened. Bothridial seta long, lanceolate. Bothridium cup-like. Exobothridial seta absent.
 Notogaster – Anterior part of notogaster with two pairs of connected condyles (medial pair large, lateral pair small). Anterior margin inconspicuous, fused with prodorsal hollow, sometimes depressed or with unpair median tubercle. Ten or 13 (if da, dm, dp developed) pairs of setiform, thickened or phylliform notogastral setae present; seta c inserted on ventrobasal part of medial condyle.
Gnathosoma – Subcapitulum diarthric. Adoral seta and axillary saccule absent. Typical palp setation: 0-2-1-3-7(+ω). Solenidion bacilliform, pressed to the surface of tarsus.
Lateral podosomal and epimeral regions – Pedotectum I as a large lamina. Discidium present. Typical epimeral setal formula: 3-1-3-2.
Anogenital region – Four pairs of genital, one pair of aggenital, two pairs of anal, and three pairs of adanal setae. Adanal lyrifissure located close and lateral to anal aperture.
Legs – All legs monodactylous. Porose area present on all femora. Juvenile instars. Unknown.
description: Published as part of Ermilov, Sergey G. & Martens, Jochen, 2021, Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Leobodes (Acari, Oribatida, Nippobodidae), pp. 995-1014 in Acarologia 61 (4) on pages 996-997, DOI: 10.24349/z72f-jdlc, http://zenodo.org/record/7159892
Veterinary antimicrobial prescribing practices for treatment of presumptive sporadic urinary tract infections in dogs examined at primary care practices in the United States (2010-2019)
Creators: name: Bloch, R.A.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Papich, M.G.
Publisher: name: American Veterinary Medical Association
Year: 2022

description: OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of antimicrobial prescriptions for sporadic urinary tract infections (UTIs) in dogs in the United States from 2010 through 2019, including times before and after publication of International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Disease (ISCAID) guidelines. SAMPLE 461,244 qualifying visits for sporadic UTIs. PROCEDURES Veterinary electronic medical records of a private corporation consisting of > 1,000 clinics across the United States were examined to identify canine visits for potential sporadic UTI between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Proportions of antimicrobial prescriptions were graphed by month and year to identify changes in prescription patterns over time. Interrupted time series analysis was performed for the aminopenicillins. RESULTS A total of 461,244 qualifying visits were examined, with 389,949 (85%) of these resulting in at least 1 antimicrobial prescription. Over the 10-year period, the proportion of visits resulting in no antimicrobial prescription increased (14% in 2010 to 19.7% in 2019). Proportions of prescriptions for amoxicillin (38% to 48%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.5% to 10%) also increased. Log-linear regression supported that changes in proportions of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid prescriptions occurred following the 2011 ISCAID guidelines publication, with the proportion of amoxicillin prescriptions increasing by 13% per year (95% CI, 12% to 14%; P < 0.01) and the proportion of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid prescriptions increasing by 0.5% per year (95% CI, 0.2% to 0.8%; P < 0.01). Use of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins remained constant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that efforts to guide antimicrobial use in veterinary clinical practice are having positive effects in this private veterinary company, though continued efforts are warranted.
From Coulomb to the effective interaction: application to Bose condensation
Creators: name: Trigger, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expression for the short-range effective interaction potential of "quasinulei"\, is derived based on the model of the "pure"\, Coulomb interaction. This model represents the equilibrium Coulomb system (CS) of interacting electrons and the identical nuclei, using the adiabatic approximation for nuclei and an arbitrary strong (in general) interaction for the electronic subsystem. On the basis of general properties of Coulomb interaction it is shown that the Fourier-component of the pair effective potential between "quasinuclei" possesses discontinuity at the wave vector $q=0$. This discontinuity is essential for the Bose condensed systems as HeII and the rarified Alkali metals at temperatures lower than the Bose condensation transition, since there are macroscopic quantity of quasiparticles with the momentum $q=0$. In particular, it is shown that for the single-particle excitations can exist the gap which disappears in the normal state. The value of this gap is estimated. The problem of generalization of the obtained results for the case of a strong electron-nuclei (or electron-point ion system) is discussed.
description: 4 pages
An agent-based model clarifies the importance of functional and developmental integration in shaping brain evolution.
Creators: name: Avin, Shahar
name: Currie, Adrian
name: Montgomery, Stephen H
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Brain Size
Mosaic Evolution
Constraint
Brain Structure
Concerted Evolution
Neuro-evo-devo

description: BackgroundVertebrate brain structure is characterised not only by relative consistency in scaling between components, but also by many examples of divergence from these general trends.. Alternative hypotheses explain these patterns by emphasising either 'external' processes, such as coordinated or divergent selection, or 'internal' processes, like developmental coupling among brain regions. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, there is little agreement over their relative importance across time or how that importance may vary across evolutionary contexts.ResultsWe introduce an agent-based model to simulate brain evolution in a 'bare-bones' system and examine dependencies between variables shaping brain evolution. We show that 'concerted' patterns of brain evolution do not, in themselves, provide evidence for developmental coupling, despite these terms often being treated as synonymous in the literature. Instead, concerted evolution can reflect either functional or developmental integration. Our model further allows us to clarify conditions under which such developmental coupling, or uncoupling, is potentially adaptive, revealing support for the maintenance of both mechanisms in neural evolution. Critically, we illustrate how the probability of deviation from concerted evolution depends on the cost/benefit ratio of neural tissue, which increases when overall brain size is itself under constraint.ConclusionsWe conclude that both developmentally coupled and uncoupled brain architectures can provide adaptive mechanisms, depending on the distribution of selection across brain structures, life history and costs of neural tissue. However, when constraints also act on overall brain size, heterogeneity in selection across brain structures will favour region specific, or mosaic, evolution. Regardless, the respective advantages of developmentally coupled and uncoupled brain architectures mean that both may persist in fluctuating environments. This implies that developmental coupling is unlikely to be a persistent constraint, but could evolve as an adaptive outcome to selection to maintain functional integration.
Electronic specific heat in the normal state of cuprate high-Tc superconductors
Creators: name: Mancini, F.
name: Villani, D.
name: Matsumoto, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of the composite operator method we calculate the specific heat of the 2D Hubbard model. Our results show that the model gives a detailed description of the experimental situation in the normal state of cuprate high Tc superconductors. The observed behavior is consistent with a Fermi liquid picture where the unusual properties are described in terms of the van Hove scenario. There is experimental evidence, based on the data for the spin magnetic susceptibility and specific heat, that this scenario is related to the overdoped region where superconductivity is depressed.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures in one Postscript file, RevTeX
Alternative analytic and matching approaches for the prevalent new-user design: A simulation study
Creators: name: Stürmer, T.
name: Young, J.
name: Garry, E.M.
name: Girman, C.
name: Mavros, P.
name: Shmuel, S.
name: Webster-Clark, M.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Purpose: To describe the creation of prevalent new user (PNU) cohorts and compare the relative bias and computational efficiency of several alternative analytic and matching approaches in PNU studies. Methods: In a simulated cohort, we estimated the effect of a treatment of interest vs a comparator among those who switched to the treatment of interest using the originally proposed time-conditional propensity score (TCPS) matching, standardized morbidity ratio weighting (SMRW), disease risk scores (DRS), and several alternative propensity score matching approaches. For each analytic method, we compared the average RR (across 2000 replicates) to the known risk ratio (RR) of 1.00. Results: SMRW and DRS yielded unbiased results (RR = 0.998 and 0.997, respectively). TCPS matching with replacement was also unbiased (RR = 0.999). TCPS matching without replacement was unbiased when matches were identified starting with patients with the shortest treatment history as initially proposed (RR = 0.999), but it resulted in very slight bias (RR = 0.983) when starting with patients with the longest treatment history. Similarly, creating a match pool without replacement starting with patients with the shortest treatment history yielded an unbiased estimate (RR = 0.997), but matching with the longest treatment history first resulted in substantial bias (RR = 0.903). The most biased strategy was matching after selecting one random comparator observation per individual that continued on the comparator (RR = 0.802). Conclusions: Multiple analytic methods can estimate treatment effects without bias in a PNU cohort. Still, researchers should be wary of introducing bias when selecting controls for complex matching strategies beyond the initially proposed TCPS.
Coherent control of nonreciprocal optical properties of the defect modes in 1D defective photonic crystals with atomic doping
Creators: name: Ghangas, Nancy
name: Dasgupta, Shubhrangshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spectral properties of photonic crystals, lacking parity-time (PT) symmetry, using scattering matrix formalism. We show using the symmetry properties of matrices that a defective photonic crystal, doped with three-level atoms, breaks PT symmetry. For the two defect modes lying in the bandgap region, both the reflection and the absorption become nonreciprocal, while the transmission remains reciprocal. We show that the relevant energy spectra do not exhibit exceptional points, thereby invalidating its necessity to achieve nonreciprocity in reflection and absorption. We further demonstrate how this nonreciprocity can be coherently controlled using the driving field and dissipation rates of the atoms.
Scotinochroa inconsequens Butler 1897
Creators: name: Mbata, Keith J.
name: Prins, Jurate De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Limacodidae
Scotinochroa
Scotinochroa inconsequens

description: Scotinochroa inconsequens Butler, 1897
COMMON NAME(S): Dark Satin Slug.
SYNONYM(S): Parathosea peringueyi Aurivillius, 1921.
IUCN STATUS: Not Evaluated (NE).
DISTRIBUTION: Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
LOCALITY IN ZAMBIA: Solwezi, in Northwestern Province.
LARVAL HOSTPLANT(S): Unknown.
SOURCES: African Moths 2019; De Prins & De Prins 2022; Janse 1964.
Genus Stroter Karsch, 1899
description: Published as part of Mbata, Keith J. & Prins, Jurate De, 2023, Annotated checklist of moths of Zambia (Insecta: Lepidoptera), pp. 1-503 in Zootaxa 5354 (1) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5354.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10130434
Modernizing an Operational Real-time Tsunami Simulator to Support Diverse Hardware Platforms
Creators: name: Takahashi, Keichi
name: Abe, Takashi
name: Musa, Akihiro
name: Sato, Yoshihiko
name: Shimomura, Yoichi
name: Takizawa, Hiroyuki
name: Koshimura, Shunichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To issue early warnings and rapidly initiate disaster responses after tsunami damage, various tsunami inundation forecast systems have been deployed worldwide. Japan's Cabinet Office operates a forecast system that utilizes supercomputers to perform tsunami propagation and inundation simulation in real time. Although this real-time approach is able to produce significantly more accurate forecasts than the conventional database-driven approach, its wider adoption was hindered because it was specifically developed for vector supercomputers. In this paper, we migrate the simulation code to modern CPUs and GPUs in a minimally invasive manner to reduce the testing and maintenance costs. A directive-based approach is employed to retain the structure of the original code while achieving performance portability, and hardware-specific optimizations including load balance improvement for GPUs are applied. The migrated code runs efficiently on recent CPUs, GPUs and vector processors: a six-hour tsunami simulation using over 47 million cells completes in less than 2.5 minutes on 32 Intel Sapphire Rapids CPUs and 1.5 minutes on 32 NVIDIA H100 GPUs. These results demonstrate that the code enables broader access to accurate tsunami inundation forecasts.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, accepted at IEEE CLUSTER 2024
Anisotropies in the Motions and Positions of the Galactic Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Hartwick, F. D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The velocity ellipsoid for 38 globular clusters with [Fe/H] <= -1.0 is derived and shown to be significantly anisotropic with major axis directed towards low Galactic latitude. Principal axes of the spatial distribution of different groups of clusters are derived and compared with the velocity ellipsoid. The metal poor cluster spatial distribution is significantly flattened along an axis which coincides within the uncertainties with the major axis of the velocity ellipsoid. Given the observed steep age-metallicity relation for metal poor clusters, one speculative interpretation of the data is that an initially flattened filament underwent a relatively rapid initial transverse collapse forming satellite galaxies and metal poor globular clusters while the protogalaxy collapsed and assembled more slowly along the filament acquiring and/or redistributing angular momentum in the process.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Non-expanding impulsive gravitational waves
Creators: name: Podolsky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a class of impulsive gravitational waves which propagate either in Minkowski or in the (anti-)de Sitter background. These waves are constructed as impulsive members of the Kundt class $P(Λ)$ of non-twisting, non-expanding type N solutions of vacuum Einstein equations with a cosmological constant $Λ$. We show that the only non-trivial waves of this type in Minkowski spacetime are impulsive pp-waves. For $Λ\not=0$ we demonstrate that the canonical subclasses of $P(Λ)$, which are invariantly different for smooth profiles, are all locally equivalent for impulsive profiles. Also, we present coordinate system for these impulsive solutions which is explicitly continuous.
description: 12 pages, to appear in Class. Quantum Grav
MyD88 TIR domain higher-order assembly interactions revealed by microcrystal electron diffraction and serial femtosecond crystallography.
Creators: name: Clabbers, Max T B
name: Holmes, Susannah
name: Muusse, Timothy W
name: Vajjhala, Parimala R
name: Thygesen, Sara J
name: Malde, Alpeshkumar K
name: Hunter, Dominic J B
name: Croll, Tristan I
name: Flueckiger, Leonie
name: Nanson, Jeffrey D
name: Rahaman, Md Habibur
name: Aquila, Andrew
name: Hunter, Mark S
name: Liang, Mengning
name: Yoon, Chun Hong
name: Zhao, Jingjing
name: Zatsepin, Nadia A
name: Abbey, Brian
name: Sierecki, Emma
name: Gambin, Yann
name: Stacey, Katryn J
name: Darmanin, Connie
name: Kobe, Bostjan
name: Xu, Hongyi
name: Ve, Thomas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Humans
Membrane Glycoproteins
Receptors, Interleukin-1
Recombinant Proteins
Crystallography
Signal Transduction
Dimerization
Mutation
Models, Molecular
Toll-Like Receptor 4
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
HEK293 Cells
Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
Protein Domains
Protein Conformation, beta-Strand

description: MyD88 and MAL are Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptors that signal to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We previously observed that the TIR domain of MAL (MALTIR) forms filaments in vitro and induces formation of crystalline higher-order assemblies of the MyD88 TIR domain (MyD88TIR). These crystals are too small for conventional X-ray crystallography, but are ideally suited to structure determination by microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) and serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). Here, we present MicroED and SFX structures of the MyD88TIR assembly, which reveal a two-stranded higher-order assembly arrangement of TIR domains analogous to that seen previously for MALTIR. We demonstrate via mutagenesis that the MyD88TIR assembly interfaces are critical for TLR4 signaling in vivo, and we show that MAL promotes unidirectional assembly of MyD88TIR. Collectively, our studies provide structural and mechanistic insight into TLR signal transduction and allow a direct comparison of the MicroED and SFX techniques.
Dynamical generation of low-energy couplings from quark-meson fluctuations
Creators: name: Divotgey, Florian
name: Eser, Jürgen
name: Mitter, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend our recent computation of the low-energy limit of the linear O(4) Quark-Meson Model. The present analysis focuses on the transformation of the resulting effective action into a nonlinearly realized effective pion action, whose higher-derivative interaction terms are parametrized by so-called low-energy couplings. Their counterparts in the linear model are determined from the Functional Renormalization Group flow of the momentum-dependent four-pion vertex, which is calculated in a fully O(4)-symmetric approximation by including also momentum-dependent σπ interactions as well as σ self-interactions. Consequently, these higher-derivative couplings are dynamically generated solely from quark and meson fluctuations, initialized at a hadronic scale. Despite our restriction to low-energy degrees of freedom, we find that the qualitative features of the fluctuation dynamics allow us to comment on the range of validity and on appropriate renormalization scales for purely pionic effective models.
Testing galaxy formation models with the stellar mass-halo mass relations for star-forming and quiescent galaxies
Creators: name: Wang, Kai
name: Peng, Yingjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tight relationship between the stellar mass and halo mass of galaxies is one of the most fundamental scaling relations in galaxy formation and evolution. It has become a critical constraint for galaxy formation models. Over the past decade, growing evidence has convincingly shown that the stellar mass-halo mass relations (SHMRs) for star-forming and quiescent central galaxies differ significantly: at a given stellar mass, the average host halo mass of quiescent centrals is more massive than that of the star-forming centrals. Despite the importance of this feature, its scientific implications have not yet been fully recognized or thoroughly explored in the field. In this work, we demonstrate that the semi-analytical model L-GALAXIES successfully reproduces these observational results, whereas three state-of-the-art hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulations (TNG, Illustris, and EAGLE) do not. Consequently, in L-GALAXIES, star-forming central galaxies are more efficient at converting baryons into stars than quiescent central galaxies at a given halo mass, while the other models predict similar efficiencies for both populations. Further analysis reveals that these fundamental discrepancies stem from distinct evolutionary paths on the stellar mass-halo mass plane. We show that the observed SHMRs for star-forming and quiescent galaxies support galaxy formation models in which quenching only weakly correlates with halo assembly histories, and in which the stellar mass of star-forming galaxies can increase significantly since cosmic noon. In contrast, models in which quenching strongly prefers to happen in early-formed halos are not very favored. Additionally, we find that galaxy downsizing is present in L-GALAXIES and TNG, but absent in Illustris and EAGLE.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, ApJ accepted
An experimental investigation to model wheezing in lungs.
Creators: name: Gregory, A L
name: Agarwal, A
name: Lasenby, J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stethoscope
Wheezing
Starling Resistor

description: A quarter of the world's population experience wheezing. These sounds have been used for diagnosis since the time of the Ebers Papyrus (ca 1500 BC). We know that wheezing is a result of the oscillations of the airways that make up the lung. However, the physical mechanisms for the onset of wheezing remain poorly understood, and we do not have a quantitative model to predict when wheezing occurs. We address these issues in this paper. We model the airways of the lungs by a modified Starling resistor in which airflow is driven through thin, stretched elastic tubes. By completing systematic experiments, we find a generalized 'tube law' that describes how the cross-sectional area of the tubes change in response to the transmural pressure difference across them. We find the necessary conditions for the onset of oscillations that represent wheezing and propose a flutter-like instability model for it about a heavily deformed state of the tube. Our findings allow for a predictive tool for wheezing in lungs, which could lead to better diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases.
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Confounding by indication and the role of active comparators
Creators: name: Stürmer, T.
name: Sendor, R.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Confounding by indication poses a significant threat to the validity of nonexperimental studies assessing effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. While no different from other forms of confounding in theory, confounding by indication often requires specific methods to address the bias it creates in addition to common epidemiological adjustment or restriction methods. Clinical indication influencing treatment prescription is patient-specific and complex, making it challenging to measure within nonexperimental research. Restriction of the study population to patients with the indication for treatment would effectively mitigate confounding by indication and bring about comparability between exposure and comparator populations with respect to probability of the exposure. Active comparators are often an effective practical solution to restrict the study population in this manner when indication cannot be measured accurately. This article discusses various forms of confounding by indication, the utility of active comparators for nonexperimental studies of treatment effects, and the active comparator, new user (ACNU) study design to implicitly condition on indication. Considerations for selecting active comparators and conducting an ACNU study design are discussed to enable increased adoption of these methods, improve quality of nonexperimental studies, and ultimately strengthen our evidence base for intended and unintended treatment effects in relevant target populations.