Penia tsou Arimoto 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Arimoto, Kôichi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Elateridae
Penia
Penia tsou

description: Penia tsou Arimoto, sp. nov.
(Figures 18–20)
Etymology. Specific epithet derived from the Tsou, an indigenous people living near the type locality.
Type material. Holotype. Male, Taiwan, Kaohsiung City, Maolin District, Shan-Pimg, 24 IV 1985, collector unknown. [NMNST; PTA01]. Paratypes. 1 female, Taiwan, Kaohsiung City, Taoyuan District, Tengjhih, 5 V 1985, collector unknown [OMNH; PTA02]; 1 female, Taiwan, Kaohsiung City, Taoyuan District, Tengjhih, 23 IV 1998, M. Hayashi leg. [OMNH; PTA03]; 1 male, Taiwan, Kaohsiung City, Liouguei District, 10 IV 1984, collector unknown [OMNH; PTA04].; 1 female, Taiwan, Kaohsiung City, Liouguei District, 10 IV 1974, T. Ochi leg. [OMNH; PTA05].
Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the following features: eyes 0.3 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view; antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VII, reaching around elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres III distinctly longer than II; IV 1.1–1.3 x longer than III, 0.8–0.9 x longer than II–III combined; apical maxillary palpomere 2.0 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye; pronotum straightly and slightly widening anterior to hind angles; posterior edge of pronotum with sublateral incisions; hind angles of pronotum broad, weakly protruding posterolaterad; hypomeron with moderate mesial projection; anterior angle of hypomeron nearly right angle; hind angle of hypomeron broadly triangular; scutellar shield almost as long as wide; mesosternal process between mesocoxae higher than mesocoxae, visible in lateral view; posterior edge of mesosternal process 0.2–0.25 x wider than total width of mesosternum; elytron 3.3–3.5 x longer than wide, 2.7–3.0 x longer than pronotum length; abdominal ventrite V semicircular, rounded apically; phallobase 0.85 x longer than wide; apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions small triangular; apex length 0.4 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side; spiculum ventrale 5.4–6.1 x longer than length of sternite VIII; ovipositor longer than length of abdomen.
This species is similar to P. babai in the eye size, relative length of the basal antennomeres, the length-to-width ratios of the apical maxillary palpomere, scutellar shield and elytron, the shapes of the hind angles of the pronotum, anterior and hind angles of the hypomeron and abdominal ventrite V, and the degree of development of the mesosternal process between mesocoxae (except for their coloration). It is distinguished from P. babai by the following contrasting characters (P. babai in parentheses): antennae reaching around elytral half by antennomere XI (antennae surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI); pronotum straightly and slightly widening anterior to hind angles (pronotum straightly and slightly narrowed anterior to hind angles); hypomeron with moderate mesial projection (hypomeron with distinct mesial projection); apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions small triangular (apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions large triangular).
This species is also similar to P. pulla in terms of the relative length of the basal antennomeres, the length-to-width ratio of the apical maxillary palpomere, and the shapes of the pronotum and anterior and hind angles of the hypomeron and abdominal ventrite V; it is distinguished by the following contrasting characters (P. pulla in parentheses): eyes 0.3 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view (eyes 0.2 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view); antennae reaching around elytral half by antennomere XI (antennae not reaching around elytral half by antennomere XI); hypomeron with moderate mesial projection (hypomeron with slight mesial projection); scutellar shield almost as long as wide (scutellar shield 0.9 x longer than wide); mesosternal process between mesocoxae higher than mesocoxae and visible in lateral view (mesosternal process between mesocoxae lower than mesocoxae, not visible in lateral view); elytron 3.3–3.5 x longer than wide, 2.7–3.0 x longer than pronotum length (elytron 3.7 x longer than wide, 3.2 x longer than pronotum length).
Measurements. Male (n=2; holotype in parentheses). BL: 7.54–8.06 (7.54), BW: 3.16–3.23 (3.23), MAE: 1.24–1.32 (1.24), MBE: 0.79–0.84 (0.79), OI: 156–158 (158), PL: 1.80–1.92 (1.80), PML: 1.53–1.57 (1.53), PW: 2.46–2.56 (2.46), PAW: 1.38–1.42 (1.38), PLI: 73.3–75.0 (73.3), PWI: 178–181 (178), EL: 5.35–5.54 (5.35), EW: 1.59–1.60 (1.60), EI: 334–350 (334), BI: 288–297 (297). Female (n=3). BL: 7.91–8.89, BW: 3.32–3.57, MAE: 1.35–1.49, MBE: 0.89–0.95, OI: 149–156, PL: 1.98–2.31, PML: 1.62–1.86, PW: 2.62–3.00, PAW: 1.49– 1.62, PLI: 75.4–77.0, PWI: 171–185, EL: 5.67–6.24, EW: 1.64–1.77, EI: 344–352, BI: 271–287.
Description. Body broad, widest around elytral midlength (Fig. 18A); surface generally smooth; interspaces between punctures distinctly larger than fine puncture diameter (Fig. 18A, B). Color. Dorsal side dark reddish brown to orange, in some head and pronotum orange, and scutellum and elytra blackish brown (Fig. 18C); ventral side orange tinged with black (Fig. 18B). Lateral margins of pronotum and elytra orange. External edge of mandible, lateral and posterior edges of pronotum, external edge of hypomere, posterior edge of prosternum, and posterior edge of mesosternal process blackish. Antennae black to orange. Legs orange. Body covered with long yellow setae.
Head. Frons flatted medially (Fig. 19A, B); frontal carina not complete (Fig. 19A); frontal margin rectangular but broadly rounded apically in dorsal view (Fig. 19B); frontoclypeal region protruding beyond base of labrum. Eyes relatively normal in convexity, 0.25–0.3 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view (Fig. 19B). Antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VII, reaching around elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres longer than wide; II obconical, shortest, 1.1–1.7 x longer than wide; III filiform, in some slightly serrated, 2.5–2.8 x longer than wide, 1.8–2.4 x longer than II; IV–XI filiform; IV 2.8–3.3 x longer than wide, 1.1– 1.3 x longer than III, 0.7–0.9 x longer than II–III combined (Fig. 19C, D); V 3.1–3.8 x longer than wide, 1.0–1.1 x longer than IV; XI 3.8–4.3 x longer than wide, 1.05–1.1 x longer than X. Mandible bidentate (Fig. 19A). Apical maxillary palpomere semicircular (Fig. 19E), 2.0–2.3 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye; anterior edge rounded.
Prothorax. Pronotum hexagonal, 0.7–0.8 x longer than wide, roundly widening anteriorly, straightly and slightly widening anterior to hind angles, widest just anterior to posterior lateral apices (Fig. 18A), tallest just behind midlength (Fig. 19F), without median longitudinal depression posteriorly; anterior edge strongly concave; anterior angles simple, nearly right angle; punctate lateral ridge extending from anterior angles to hind angles (Fig. 18A); hind angles simple, broad, weakly protruding posterolaterad; posterior edge with a sublateral incision near each hind angle, without carinae next to sublateral incisions (Fig. 18A). Hypomeron with moderate mesial projection (Fig. 19G: arrow); anterior angle nearly right angle; mesial edge weakly sinuate; mesial and posterior margins with impunctate ridge (Fig. 19G); posterior margin with rectangular projection between two large emarginations; hind angle broadly triangular. Prosternum nearly straight ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 19F); anterior lobe weakly protruding beyond prosternal ventral line in lateral view (Fig. 19F); anterior edge broadly rounded in ventral view (Fig. 18B). Prosternal process broad, 2.2–2.3 x longer than procoxal cavity length, concave between procoxae, strongly curved dorsad from anterior edge of procoxal cavities in lateral view (Fig. 19F), without subapical tooth; dorsal lobe roundly expanded anterior to apex in ventral view (Fig. 19H); ventral lobe slightly and roundly expanded near base and then abruptly narrowed posteriad in ventral view (Fig. 19H); ventral margin roundly expanded medially in lateral view (Fig. 19F); apex rounded in lateral and ventral views (Fig. 19F, H). Pronotosternal sutures not grooved (Fig. 19G), sinuate in ventral view (Fig. 18B), slightly opened anteriorly. Scutellar shield tongue-shaped (Fig. 19I), almost as long as wide, widest anteriorly, narrowed behind anterior angles and then parallel-sided, narrowed posteriorly, flat, inclined anterior-downwards, not visible in lateral view (Fig. 19F); anterior edge triangular; posterior edge rounded. Mesosternum: borders of mesosternal cavity slightly rounded anteriorly, straight and then curved in right angle in lateral view (Fig. 19F); mesosternal process between mesocoxae higher than mesocoxae, visible in lateral view (Fig. 19F); posterior edge 0.2–0.25 x wider than total width of mesosternum, almost straight but slightly emarginate (Fig. 19J). Mesepisternum reaching mesocoxal cavity (Fig. 19J). Metasternum sulcate medially and anterior to metacoxal cavity (Fig. 18B). Metacoxal plate narrowed toward outer side, becoming like a parallel-sided bar at its outer 1/ 4 in ventral view (Fig. 18B). Elytron broadly convex, but with outer margin narrowy depressed, widest around midlength, 3.3–3.5 x longer than wide, 2.7–3.0 x longer than pronotum length; apex rounded; elytral striae defined by lines of elongated punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Tibiae with paired spurs; relative tarsomere lengths: IV<III II<V<I; tarsomeres III and IV with lobe ventrally (Fig. 19K).
Abdomen. Ventrite V semicircular, rounded apically (Fig. 18B), 0.45–0.5 x longer than wide. Male. Subgenital segments lost in holotype (PTA01) and paratype (PTA05). Aedeagus yellow (Fig. 20A, B). Phallobase 0.25 x total length of aedeagus, 0.85 x longer than wide. Median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/10; basal struts 0.2 x total length of median lobe. Parameres elongated, not fused ventrally (Fig. 20B), abruptly narrowed anterior to preapical expansions; preapical expansions protruding laterad (Fig. 20C); apex beyond preapical expansions small triangular, rounded apically (Fig. 20C), with a seta each dorsally and ventrally; apex length 0.4 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side. Female. Tergite and sternite VIII yellow. Tergite VIII triangular but rounded apically or bullet-like shaped, 1.05–1.1 x longer than wide (Fig. 20D). Sternite VIII (between base of spiculum ventrale and apex) bullet-like shaped, 0.9–1.0 x longer than wide (Fig. 20E); spiculum ventrale 5.4–6.1 x longer than length of sternite VIII (Fig. 20F). Ovipositor 1.0–1.3 x longer than length of abdomen; coxites two segmented at ventral side (Fig. 20G), with several setae each dorsally, ventrally, and apically; stylus with two setae around apex (Fig. 20G). Vagina relatively long; bursa copulatrix without sclerotized structures, with a short sac each posteriorly (Fig. 20F: arrow 1) and anteriorly (Fig. 20: arrow 2).
Distribution. Taiwan: Kaohsiung City (Fig. 1).
description: Published as part of Arimoto, Kôichi, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan, pp. 301-335 in Zootaxa 5375 (3) on pages 329-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10200036