cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Enteric Tuft Cell Responses and Host-Microbial Dynamics During Giardia muris Infection
Creators: name: Sosnowski, Olivia Stefania
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Giardia
subject: Protozoan
subject: Tuft cells
subject: Microbiome
subject: Microbiota
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Parasitology

description: Enteric tuft cells constitute an important aspect of the host response to intestinal parasites. Tuft cells detect and respond to enteric parasites, secreting molecules such as IL-25, leading to the expansion of tuft and goblet cells to ultimately promote parasite clearance. The intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia disrupts the intestinal environment and leads to impaired barrier function. Infection is also associated with altered microbiota composition and function. This study characterised the tuft cell response in the murine small intestine after G. muris infection, identifying tuft and goblet cell hyperplasia during the clearance phase (day 21). G. muris infected mice also displayed increased expression of genes defining secretory epithelial cells (Aoth1), tuft cell-related genes (Dclk1, Tas2r130, Tas2r), and goblet cell-related genes (Muc2, Klf4) during early infection (day 4 and day 11). Increases in cell number and many of the changes in gene expression during G. muris infection were observed at both the site of active Giardia colonization (jejunum) and more distally (ileum). Tuft cell-deficient (Pou2f3-/-) mice had a lower trophozoite burden compared to wild-type (C57Bl/6) mice during early infection, demonstrating that tuft cells help facilitate G. muris colonization. To investigate other contributors to the tuft cell-Giardia crosstalk, the microbiota was considered since microbial derived products can modify tuft cell functions, Giardia can cause microbiota dysbiosis, and the microbiota can influence Giardia colonization. A fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using microbiota from naïve C57Bl/6 or Pou2f3-/- donors revealed that FMT from Pou2f3-/- donors prior to G. muris infection resulted in a lower parasite load than in mice that received FMT from C57Bl/6 donors, illustrating that the microbiota influences G. muris colonization. Upon evaluating if Giardia-modified microbiota (GMM) could elicit a tuft cell response, transplantation with small intestinal GMM 11 days after infection did not lead to changes in tuft or goblet cell number, thus the mechanism through which Giardia engages tuft cells requires further exploration. Collectively, this study characterises the tuft cell response to Giardia, identifies a novel role for tuft cells in promoting Giardia colonization, and provides insights into how the microbiota contributes to the dynamics between enteric tuft cells and parasitic infections.
An algebraic approach to the study of multipartite entanglement
Creators: name: Di Martino, S.
name: Militello, B.
name: Messina, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple algebraic approach to the study of multipartite entanglement for pure states is introduced together with a class of suitable functionals able to detect entanglement. On this basis, some known results are reproduced. Indeed, by investigating the properties of the introduced functionals, it is shown that a subset of such class is strictly connected to the purity. Moreover, a direct and basic solution to the problem of the simultaneous maximization of three appropriate functionals for three-qubit states is provided, confirming that the simultaneous maximization of the entanglement for all possible bipartitions is compatible only with the structure of GHZ-states.
Supplementary document for Ptychography-based high-throughput lensless on-chip microscopy via incremental proximal algorithms - 5490287.pdf
Creators: name: Yue, Huang
name: Jiang, Shaowei
name: Wang, Ruihai
name: Song, Pengming
name: Zhang, Jian
name: Zheng, Guoan
name: ji, xiangyang
name: zhang, yongbing
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The derivation of our algorithms and additional simulations
Dynamic composition of membrane microdomains
Creators: name: Zheng, Yu Zi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Lipid rafts are cholesterol enriched membrane microdomains involved in many cellular functions. Caveolae are a sub-type of lipid rafts that are smooth invaginations of the plasma membrane (PM) whose formation requires caveolin-1 (Cav1). Here, we determined the lipid rafts and caveolae proteome from various cells in an unbiased manner and examined the dynamic raft proteome change during Salmonella infection using quantitative proteomics. In chapter 2, we approach the status of mitochondrial proteins in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) preparations by employing Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) to evaluate the composition of differentially purified subcellular fractions. Our data demonstrate that mitochondrial proteins that were previously identified as raft components are partially co-purifying contaminants of raft preparations. In tumor cells deficient for Golgi β-1,6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5), reduced Cav1 expression is associated not with caveolae but with oligomerized Cav1 domains, or scaffolds. These cell lines displaying differing Cav1/caveolae phenotypes are effective tools for probing the composition of caveolae. Using SILAC in chapter 3, we are able to quantitatively distinguish the composition of caveolae from the background of DRM proteins and show that the presence of caveolae enriches protein composition of DRM, including the recruitment of multiple heterotrimeric G-protein subunits. Furthermore in chapter 4, we explored the dynamic change of membrane protein composition according to an external signal. Salmonella are Gram-negative intracellular bacteria believed to attack lipid rafts as the site of entry. We applied SILAC examined the change of host raft proteome at a couple of time points during Salmonella infection. Dozens of proteins have shown to be highly regulated, one of them – Cav1 is shown to be required by Salmonella entrance. We also developed a high-content screening assay that is able to estimate the number of bacteria entered or survived inside the host for future functional studies of the novel proteins identified. This research gives us a better understanding of the raft proteome and how rafts are localized, as well as it can be changed. The Salmonella infection work leads to a global raft proteome dynamic analysis and identifies several proteins that may be novel bacterial host targets.
MOESM4 of Comparative transcriptomic analysis and endocuticular protein gene expression of alate adults, workers and soldiers of the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis
Creators: name: Rasheed, Humaira
name: Ye, Chenxu
name: Meng, Yufeng
name: Ran, Yuehua
name: Li, Jing
name: Su, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Length distribution of Protein-Coding Region prediction from BLAST.
Essays on the task content of occupations and occupational mobility
Creators: name: Cortés, Guido Matías
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation studies the effects of technological change on workers' occupational choices and wages, as well as the human capital costs associated with occupational transitions. The first part of the dissertation focuses on the interaction between technological change and tasks. Over the past three decades technological improvements have led to a dramatic reduction in the employment share of occupations with a high content of routine tasks in the United States and other developed countries. This dissertation provides a novel perspective on this phenomenon by focusing on the individual-level effects of this type of technological change in terms of occupational switching patterns and wage changes. I formalize the predicted effects within the context of a model of occupational sorting based on comparative advantage, and I test them using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1976 to 2007. Consistent with the predictions of the model, I find strong evidence of selection on ability in the occupational mobility patterns of workers in routine occupations, with those of relatively high (low) ability switching to non-routine cognitive (non-routine manual) occupations. In terms of wage growth, also consistent with the prediction of the model, workers in routine jobs experience significant declines in their wage premia relative to workers in any other type of occupation. Switchers from routine to either type of non-routine job (cognitive or manual) experience significantly higher wage growth than stayers over long-run horizons. The second portion of the dissertation analyzes the role of the task content of occupations. I develop a measure of task distance between occupation pairs and study its impacts from two different perspectives: At a microeconomic level, I analyze the wage changes for workers experiencing occupational transitions of different distances. At a macroeconomic level, I analyze the impacts of task distance on the aggregate flows of workers across occupations. The aggregate-level evidence suggests that the cost of switching occupations is increasing in distance, but only for switches occurring across broad occupation groups. The individual-level evidence suggests that there is a negative correlation between wage changes and distance, but only for certain subsets of workers.
title: A Comparitive Evaluation of GAN Architectures for Generating Synthetic Cloud Workloads
Creators: name: Sharifisadr, Niloofar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Science

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are highly successful in areas such as image generation. However, their efficacy in generating time series data, specifically for cloud workload applications, is not well-established. Several GAN architectures are proposed for time series generation, but there is a lack of comprehensive study on performance of these models in cloud workload generation domain. Additionally, prior research has not thoroughly explored the performance of models in relation to dataset attributes, including the length of the data, its seasonality and stationarity. This research addresses these gaps. I conduct a comparative study of four GAN architectures, including TimeGAN, RGAN, TTS-GAN, and V-GAN, using three real-world datasets. The goal is to develop a framework for selecting the best GAN model for cloud workload data generation. I introduce a method to preprocess and characterize the datasets based on existing statistical measures. %, considering varying attributes. To compare the data generated by the models, both qualitatively and quantitatively, I employ them on datasets with diverse characteristics to synthesize data. The synthesized data is then used as input for a microservice application. Response times are measured for both real and synthetic data for comparison. The findings reveal the capabilities and limitations of each model, with regards to input data characteristics. TimeGAN and TTS-GAN are top performing models across various settings. TimeGAN excels at capturing short term temporal dynamics, while TTS-GAN outperforms in capturing long term dependencies. The transformer-based architecture employed in TTS-GAN makes it adept for handling seasonal data across both short and long sequence lengths. Conversely, TimeGAN demonstrates superior performance in capturing seasonal data over shorter periods. The empirical evaluation on the microservice application further confirms the efficacy and applicability of the proposed framework in a realistic testbed setting. This study serves as an empirical guide for practitioners and researchers to choose the most appropriate GAN based on the unique characteristics of their data.
Built to Last: Sustainability of Early Childhood Education Services in Rural Indonesia
Creators: name: Nakajima, Nozomi
name: Hasan, Amer
name: Jung, Haeil
name: Kinnell, Angela
name: Maika, Amelia
name: Pradhan, Menno
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This paper studies the sustainability of preschools established under a large-scale project in rural Indonesia. We returned to project villages three years after the project closed to understand why some preschools were able to sustain operations while others closed. We present four key findings. First, 92 per cent of preschools from the project remained open three years after project funding ended. Second, preschools planned for sustainability by taking into account six factors: preschool quality, finance, supplementary services, market condition, household wealth, and parental involvement. Third, each of these factors predicts sustainability after project closure. Finally, interviews with former teachers show that the few preschools that closed were those that struggled to find both the financial and human resources needed to continue operating. We discuss actionable lessons for the design and sustainability of future early childhood education projects.
The asymptotic distribution of the length of Beta-coalescent trees
Creators: name: Kersting, Götz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive the asymptotic distribution of the total length $L_n$ of a $\operatorname {Beta}(2-α,α)$-coalescent tree for $1
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AAP827 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Perspectives on using decision-making nudges in physician-patient communications
Creators: name: Fridman, Ilona
name: Hart, Joanna L.
name: Yadav, Kuldeep N.
name: Higgins, Edward Tory
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medical ethics
subject: Consumer behavior--Psychological aspects
subject: Physician and patient
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Medicine--Decision making

description: Patients engaging in shared decision making must weigh the likelihood of positive and negative outcomes and deal with uncertainty and negative emotions in the situations where desirable options might not be available. The use of “nudges,” or communication techniques that influence patients’ choices in a predictable direction, may assist patients in making complex decisions. However, nudging patients may be perceived as inappropriate influence on patients’ choices. We sought to determine whether key stakeholders, physicians, and laypersons without clinical training consider the use of nudges to be ethical and appropriate in medical decision making. Eighty-nine resident-physicians and 336 Mechanical-Turk workers (i.e., non-clinicians) evaluated two hypothetical preference-sensitive situations, in which a patient with advanced cancer chooses between chemotherapy and hospice care. We varied the following: (1) whether or not the patient’s decision was influenced by a mistaken judgment (i.e., decision-making bias) and (2) whether or not the physician used a nudge. Each participant reported the extent to which the communication was ethical, appropriate, and desirable. Both physicians and non-clinicians considered using nudges more positively than not using them, regardless of an initial decision-making bias in patients’ considerations. Decomposing this effect, we found that physicians viewed the nudge that endorsed hospice care more favorably than the nudge that endorsed chemotherapy, while non-clinicians viewed the nudge that endorsed chemotherapy more favorably than the nudge that endorsed hospice care. We discuss implications and propose exploring further physicians’ and patients’ differences in the perception of nudges; the differences may suggest limitations for using nudges in medical decisions.
Cost-effectiveness of a combination strategy to enhance the HIV care continuum in Swaziland: Link4Health
Creators: name: Stevens, Elizabeth R.
name: Li, Lingfeng
name: Nucifora, Kimberly A.
name: Zhou, Qinlian
name: McNairy, Margaret
name: Gachuhi, Averie B.
name: Lamb, Matthew R.
name: Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet
name: Sahabo, Ruben
name: Okello, Velephi
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Braithwaite, R. Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medical care--Cost effectiveness
HIV infections--Diagnosis
Epidemiology
HIV-positive persons--Care

description: Introduction
Link4Health, a cluster-RCT, demonstrated the effectiveness of a combination strategy targeting barriers at various HIV continuum steps on linkage to and retention in care; showing effectiveness in achieving linkage to HIV care within 1 month plus retention in care at 12 months after HIV testing for people living with HIV (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19–1.96, p = 0.002). In addition to standard of care, Link4Health included: 1) Point-of-care CD4+ count testing; 2) Accelerated ART initiation; 3) Mobile phone appointment reminders; 4) Care and prevention package including commodities and informational materials; and 5) Non-cash financial incentive. Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a scale-up of the Link4Health strategy in Swaziland.

Methods and findings
We incorporated the effects and costs of the Link4Health strategy into a computer simulation of the HIV epidemic in Swaziland, comparing a scenario where the strategy was scaled up to a scenario with no implementation. The simulation combined a deterministic compartmental model of HIV transmission with a stochastic microsimulation of HIV progression calibrated to Swaziland epidemiological data. It incorporated downstream health costs potentially saved and infections potentially prevented by improved linkage and treatment adherence. We assessed the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Link4Health compared to standard care from a health sector perspective reported in US$2015, a time horizon of 20 years, and a discount rate of 3% in accordance with WHO guidelines. Our results suggest that scale-up of the Link4Health strategy would reduce new HIV infections over 20 years by 11,059 infections, a 7% reduction from the projected 169,019 cases and prevent 5,313 deaths, an 11% reduction from the projected 49,582 deaths. Link4Health resulted in an incremental cost per infection prevented of $13,310 and an incremental cost per QALY gained of $3,560/QALY from the health sector perspective.

Conclusions
Using a threshold of <3 x per capita GDP, the Link4Health strategy is likely to be a cost-effective strategy for responding to the HIV epidemic in Swaziland.
title: Basal autotrophic and heterotrophic food web responses to municipal wastewater effluent exposure in the Bow River, Alberta and experimental streams at Advancing Canadian Water Assets
Creators: name: Sayles, Breanna K.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) release into urban rivers act as a main point source of nutrients and environmental substances of concern (ESOCs), such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which can alter the water quality of receiving waters and the physiology and ecology of aquatic organisms. Over the years, there have been active efforts to reduce the impact of MWWE on the Bow River’s ecosystem health; however, understanding potential nutrient-ESOC interactions and potential impacts on aquatic organisms are still largely unknown. This study examined the changes in basal autotrophic and heterotrophic community characteristics and responses to Municipal Wastewater Effluent (MWWE) exposures both in the Bow River and in artificial streams at Advancing Canadian Water Assets (ACWA). A main goal was to better understand the responses of riverine biofilms to MWWE complex mixtures and identify potential interactions between nutrients and ESOCs. In the Bow River, increasing MWWE loadings enhanced heterotroph decomposition rates and ash free dry mass (AFDM) accumulation, and the main driver of change identified was nutrient enrichment. In contrast, experiments in the artificial streams found increasing MWWE concentration (0-15 % v/v) suppressed autotroph biomass, produced a subsidy-stress pattern in biofilm AFDM, and had no impact on organic matter decomposition rates. Nutrient-ESOC interactions were suggested as a potential cause for the patterns observed in the artificial streams. In both riverine and stream systems, MWWE impacts consistently showed a shift towards more heterotroph dominant biofilm communities with time (as quantified by the autotrophic index (AI)). The observed MWWE effects on biofilm community composition shift show potential to influence efficient energy transfer to higher trophic levels.
Pivotal issues on relativistic electrons in ITER
Creators: name: Boozer, Allen H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Particles, Relativistic
Magnetic reconnection
Electrons
Tokamaks
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: The transfer of the plasma current from thermal to relativistic electrons is a threat to ITER achieving its mission. This danger is significantly greater in the nuclear than in the non-nuclear phase of ITER operations. Two issues are pivotal. The first is the extent and duration of magnetic surface breaking in conjunction with the thermal quenches. The second is the exponential sensitivity of the current transfer to three quantities: (1) the poloidal flux change required to e-fold the number of relativistic electrons, (2) the time τa  after the beginning of the thermal quench before the accelerating electric field exceeds the Connor-Hastie field for runaway, and (3) the duration of the period τop  in which magnetic surfaces remain open. Adequate knowledge does not exist to devise a reliable strategy for the protection of ITER. Uncertainties are sufficiently large that a transfer of neither a negligible nor the full plasma current to relativistic electrons can be ruled out during the non-nuclear phase of ITER. Tritium decay can provide a sufficiently strong seed for a dangerous relativistic-electron current even if τa  and τop  are sufficiently long to avoid relativistic electrons during non-nuclear operations. The breakup of magnetic surfaces that is associated with thermal quenches occurs on a time scale associated with fast magnetic reconnection, which means reconnection at an Alfvénic rather than a resistive rate. Alfvénic reconnection is well beyond the capabilities of existing computational tools for tokamaks, but its effects can be studied using its property of conserving magnetic helicity. Although the dangers to ITER from relativistic electrons have been known for twenty years, the critical issues have not been defined with sufficient precision to formulate an effective research program. Studies are particularly needed on plasma behavior in existing tokamaks during thermal quenches, behavior which could be clarified using methods developed here.
Polygynous Family Structure and Child Undernutrition in Nigeria
Creators: name: Amare, Mulubrhan
name: Arndt, Channing
name: Mahrt, Kristi
name: Mavrotas, George
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Interest is growing in the research literature in exploring how child nutrition is affected by sociocultural practices, such as polygyny. However, evaluation of the effect of polygyny on child nutrition is hindered by the complexity of the relationship. This paper investigates the effect of polygyny on anthropometric outcomes while recognising that unobservable household characteristics may simultaneously influence both the decision to form a polygynous union and the ability of the household to adequately nourish children. We apply an instrumental variable approach based on the occurrence of same-sex siblings in a woman’s first two births to generate exogenous variation in polygyny. Using data from the 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys, we find a detrimental effect of polygyny on child undernutrition. Our results show that the effect of polygyny is substantially reduced when we control for household characteristics, suggesting that part of the link between polygyny and child undernutrition is mediated through these channels. Nevertheless, the estimated coefficients of polygyny remain sizeable and strongly statistically significant even after controlling for these characteristics. Polygynous families may have different behavioural childcare practices, and/or the reduced bargaining power of women associated with polygynous families could be associated with higher rates of child undernutrition.
title: Magnetic Field Characterisation for Gravitational Free Fall Measurements of Antihydrogen in the ALPHA-g Experiment.
Creators: name: Powell, Adam Michael William
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics

description: The bound state of an antiproton and positron, antihydrogen, is an ideal test particle for comparisons between matter and antimatter as hydrogen has been studied extensively through history both experimentally and theoretically. The Antihydrogen Laser Physics Apparatus (ALPHA) collaboration has made significant progress on antihydrogen trapping, cooling, and spectroscopy in recent years.In a new apparatus, ALPHA-g, the collaboration aims to probe the effects of gravity on antimatter. This thesis will focus on the first measurement of the free-fall (or gravitational motion) of antimatter and the magnetic field measurements essential to this observation. The ALPHA apparatus, particularly the ALPHA-g experiment, will be discussed in detail. This thesis will outline hardware improvements to the ALPHA-g's Penning trap as well as the microwave injection path. These developments were critical for the operation of ALPHA-g and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) magnetometry. In addition, a design for a new Penning trap for ALPHA-g is shown that will be key in future measurements. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) magnetometry technique used in ALPHA will be introduced. ECR is needed to measure, set, and monitor the magnetic fields in ALPHA-g, ECR is then the essential tool at the center of successful measurements using ALPHA-g. ECR was also used to constrain major systematic uncertainties through a host of applications of the technique in novel ways including fast repeating ECR and multiple simultaneous locations. This work is the first application of this technique in a high magnetic field gradient, which was an important obstacle to overcome in characterising the magnetic fields in ALPHA-g. This breakthrough result of the first ALPHA-g measurement produced a ratio of antihydrogen gravitational acceleration and ``normal gravity" of $a_{\bar{g}}/g =0.75 \pm 0.13(\text{statistical + systematic}) \pm 0.16 (\text{simulation})$. This ratio is consistent (within errors) with no difference between matter and antimatter gravity. This result has allowed ALPHA to rule out extreme difference between matter and antimatter such as no gravitational interaction or repulsive gravity.
title: Novel Switchable Stationary Phase Methods For Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Creators: name: Nai, Emmanuel Anyetei
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
subject: Water Stationary Phase
subject: pH Switchable Stationary Phase
subject: Chemistry--Analytical

description: In the first part of this thesis, a supercritical fluid chromatography-flame ionization detection (SFC-FID) system employing a modified water stationary phase was investigated for the analysis of organic bases. The method uses a stainless steel capillary column coated with water containing NH4OH, which was also used to hydrate the system. In this way, the pH of the water stationary phase can be effectively altered to help control the ionization of organic base analytes and greatly improve their peak shape and elution properties, contrary to the poor results observed on a pure water stationary phase for the basic analytes, which occurs due to their charged state in the otherwise naturally acidic CO2/water phase interface. Overall, the NH4OH modified system showed good performance over a wide range of column temperatures and CO2 pressures tested. The results show that this approach can be useful for the elution of organic bases over a wide range of pKa values (tested up to 10.4). In the next part, a novel, externally pH switchable water stationary phase for use in SFC was investigated. By adding NH4OH to the water coating and system hydration, changes in CO2 pressure and temperature allow a wide range of stationary phase pH conditions (~3-9) to be achieved. Through pressure/temperature manipulation or adding/removing NH4OH to the system two operating modes, basic and acidic, respectively could be achieved which allowed retention control of ionizable analytes. In the final part, a dual column system comprised of a pH switchable water stationary phase column and a conventional non-polar capillary column was explored for use in SFC. By removing or adding NH4OH to the system hydration source, the water stationary phase pH can be rapidly switched between acidic (pH~3) and basic (pH~9) in seconds, while the operating character of the conventional column is unchanged. This switch modulates the velocity of ionizable analytes about 20-fold in the system, whereas non-ionizable analytes are not affected. In this way, the retention time of acids and/or bases can be reproducibly altered (<1% RSD; n=3) in SFC separations. As a result, analyte selectivity and resolution can be readily controlled during analyses.
Conditioning Factors for Re-election and Incumbency Advantage after a Natural Disaster: Evidence from a Large-scale Earthquake
Creators: name: Acuña-Duarte, Andrés A.
name: Salazar, César A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Since the public assessment of political leadership is more evident during crisis events, natural disasters have become a plausible explanation for electoral outcomes and public support. This imposes a prominent challenge for developing countries, which are less prepared to deal with catastrophes. This paper proposes a theoretical and an empirical approach to evaluate the unrestricted and conditional impact of natural disasters on the continuity of local authorities. Our theoretical framework treats natural disasters as an exogenous shock that is beyond the incumbent’s influence but provides valuable information to rational voters about high-quality candidates. The empirical approach uses county-level data to test this model by estimating the impact of the Chile earthquake occurred in 2010 on re-election probability and incumbent mayor’s vote share. Aggregate- and individual-level evidence shows that incumbents’ continuity is not unconditionally threatened due to the earthquake, but contingent on conditioning factors that exacerbate or mitigate its negative effect on incumbency advantage. That is, local governments with higher human capital endowments and a better post-disaster assessment are more likely to be re-elected in Chile.
Testing the Binary Hypothesis: Pulsar Timing Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates
Creators: name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Kocsis, Bence
name: Kelley, Luke Zoltan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Black holes (Astronomy)
Pulsars--Detection
Astronomy--Mathematical models
Binary stars
Gravitational waves
Astrophysics

description: The advent of time domain astronomy is revolutionizing our understanding of the universe. Programs such as the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) or the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) surveyed millions of objects for several years, allowing variability studies on large statistical samples. The inspection of ≈250 k quasars in CRTS resulted in a catalog of 111 potentially periodic sources, put forward as supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidates. A similar investigation on PTF data yielded 33 candidates from a sample of ≈35 k quasars. Working under the SMBHB hypothesis, we compute the implied SMBHB merger rate and we use it to construct the expected gravitational wave background (GWB) at nano-Hz frequencies, probed by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). After correcting for incompleteness and assuming virial mass estimates, we find that the GWB implied by the CRTS sample exceeds the current most stringent PTA upper limits by almost an order of magnitude. After further correcting for the implicit bias in virial mass measurements, the implied GWB drops significantly but is still in tension with the most stringent PTA upper limits. Similar results hold for the PTF sample. Bayesian model selection shows that the null hypothesis (whereby the candidates are false positives) is preferred over the binary hypothesis at about 2.3σ and 3.6σ for the CRTS and PTF samples respectively. Although not decisive, our analysis highlights the potential of PTAs as astrophysical probes of individual SMBHB candidates and indicates that the CRTS and PTF samples are likely contaminated by several false positives.
The Skills Space in Informal Work: Insights from Bangalore Slums
Creators: name: Sengupta, Nandana
name: Gaurav, Sarthak
name: Evans, James
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: We develop a framework for mapping and analysing informal worker skills using microdata from nearly 1500 workers residing in the slums of Bangalore, India. Alongside econometric modelling, we employ machine learning techniques to explore relationships between skills crowdsourced from respondents. We find that informal workers rely on a host of task, language, personal and social skills. Further, we identify skill claims associated with both levels and stability of wage earnings. Our results include insights on gender disparities in skill claims, importance of English and computer literacy and the central role of personal and social skills in the Indian informal labour market.
title: State-Plane Modelling and Control of a DFIG-based Wind Turbine
Creators: name: Dubreuil, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbines are particularly sensitive to grid disturbances, which has implications for overall power system stability. Grid codes require continual operation of the DFIGs despite certain system disturbances. During a three-phase voltage dip, the decay of a natural flux fixed to the stator of the machine induces large voltages in the rotor windings, leading to saturation of rotor converters and potential damage to the system. This work presents a novel dual-loop architecture to solve the stator flux transient, allowing the system to regain standard operation and power reference tracking in a fast and effective manner while rapidly suppressing the induced voltages and subsequent overcurrents. An outer loop geometric controller is proposed as a framework for achieving rapid and controllable transients in the decoupled state space, and various reference geometries are considered. The proposed control structure implements a unique continuous solution for both steady state and transient operating conditions and does not require any additional hardware, switching circuits, or fault detection mechanisms. A comprehensive performance index is proposed based on achieving the minimum convergence time across a variety of fault levels. Performance-based tuning is used to determine a controller that optimizes the performance index across several fault profundities, and the resultant controller is shown to achieve rapid transient response for all fault levels, including stator voltage fluctuations and extreme grid faults. The proposed controller is supported by detailed mathematical analysis and validated by simulation results.
title: Recommended best practices for acquiring thermal imaging data from in-situ clinical environments and exploratory data analysis of COVID-19 data.
Creators: name: Anderson, Chantelle
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Thermal Imaging
subject: In-situ Clinical Environments
subject: Best Practices
subject: Exploratory Data Analysis
subject: COVID-19
subject: Medical Imaging
subject: Infection Detection
subject: Health Monitoring
subject: Data Acquisition
subject: Temperature Measurement
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: This thesis explores the use, process, and outcomes of low-cost, non-invasive, and non-radiating thermal imaging in in-situ clinical environments. The primary objective of the research was to develop best practice guidelines, enhancing the application of thermal imaging in in-situ clinical environments. These recommended best practices introduced a new general approach to acquire thermal images in in-situ clinical settings, which was validated in a COVID-19 clinical setting. A total of 109 participants were recruited from a Level 1 Trauma Center in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The sample size was reduced to 38 participants (n=38) due to experimental limitations. To facilitate this research, a hand-held commercial medical grade device was designed and built. A tablet was outfitted with a commercial thermal sensor and encased with a 3D printed plastic protective case. The outfitted tablet was used to acquire 3 images from each participants (front, left and right views). Clinical data was also collected and aggregated with the thermal image data. The comprehensive dataset was used to explore potential coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) thermal characteristics in humans. The primary contributions of this thesis include a detailed list of recommendations to acquire thermal imaging data in in-situ clinical environments, providing insights into the challenges, limitations, and nuances of in-situ thermal data collection. The study identified potential underlying patterns, anomalies, and characteristics within the data that could be used to differentiate COVID-19 infections from other infections. The results suggest that using multiple regions of interest has the potential to offer a more accurate indication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection status than single-region measurements, such as forehead thermometer readings. Thus, highlighting the promising potential of thermal imaging for clinical diagnostics, especially during pandemics, while recommending key guidelines to enhance its practical application in real-world medical settings.
Tylaspis Henderson 1885
Creators: name: Froglia, Carlo
name: Clark, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Parapaguridae
Tylaspis

description: Tylaspis Henderson 1885a: 900, fig. 329; 1888: 81.
 Remarks. Cited in Lemaitre (1998: 293) as Tylaspis Henderson, 1885 and in De Grave et al. (2009: 26) as Tylaspis Tizard, Moseley, Buchanan & Murray, 1885. McLaughlin et al. (2010: 40) commented that the authority as cited by De Grave et al. (2009) was incorrect.
 Valid as Tylaspis Henderson, 1885.
description: Published as part of Froglia, Carlo & Clark, Paul F., 2011, The forgotten Narrative of H. M. S. Challenger and the implications for decapod nomenclature, pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 2788 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200635
Fourth order spatial derivative gravity
Creators: name: Bemfica, F. S.
name: Gomes, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study a modified theory of gravity that contains up to fourth order spatial derivatives as a model for the Horava-Lifshitz gravity. The propagator is evaluated and, as a result, it is obtained one extra pole corresponding to a spin two nonrelativistic massless particle, an extra term which jeopardizes renormalizability, besides the unexpected general relativity unmodified propagator. Then, unitarity is proved at the tree-level, where the general relativity pole has shown to have no dynamics, remaining only the two degrees of freedom of the new pole. Next, the nonrelativistic effective potential is determined from a scattering process of two identical massive gravitationally interacting bosons. In this limit, Newton's potential is obtained, together with a Darwin-like term that comes from the extra non-pole term in the propagator. Regarding renormalizability, this extra term may be harmful, by power counting, but it can be eliminated by adjusting the free parameters of the model. This adjustment is in accord with the detailed balance condition suggested in the literature and shows that the way in which extra spatial derivative terms are added is of fundamental importance.
description: Published version, 14 pages, 2 figures
Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV.
Creators: name: Alrubayyi, Aljawharah
name: Gea-Mallorquí, Ester
name: Touizer, Emma
name: Hameiri-Bowen, Dan
name: Kopycinski, Jakub
name: Charlton, Bethany
name: Fisher-Pearson, Natasha
name: Muir, Luke
name: Rosa, Annachiara
name: Roustan, Chloe
name: Earl, Christopher
name: Cherepanov, Peter
name: Pellegrino, Pierre
name: Waters, Laura
name: Burns, Fiona
name: Kinloch, Sabine
name: Dong, Tao
name: Dorrell, Lucy
name: Rowland-Jones, Sarah
name: McCoy, Laura E
name: Peppa, Dimitra
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: classificationCode: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
classificationCode: Signalling & Oncogenes
subject: Signalling & Oncogenes
classificationCode: Genome Integrity & Repair
subject: Genome Integrity & Repair
classificationCode: Structural Biology & Biophysics
subject: Structural Biology & Biophysics
classificationCode: Cell Cycle & Chromosomes
subject: Cell Cycle & Chromosomes
classificationCode: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
subject: Chemical Biology & High Throughput

description: There is an urgent need to understand the nature of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, to inform risk-mitigation strategies for people living with HIV (PLWH). Here we show that the majority of PLWH with ART suppressed HIV viral load, mount a detectable adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Humoral and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are comparable between HIV-positive and negative subjects and persist 5-7 months following predominately mild COVID-19 disease. T cell responses against Spike, Membrane and Nucleoprotein are the most prominent, with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells outnumbering CD8 T cells. We further show that the overall magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses relates to the size of the naive CD4 T cell pool and the CD4:CD8 ratio in PLWH. These findings suggest that inadequate immune reconstitution on ART, could hinder immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 with implications for the individual management and vaccine effectiveness in PLWH.
W-STEM Project – Videoconference (February 13, 2019)
Creators: name: Zangrando, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: CBHE, EU, gender, STEM, W-STEM

description: In this second videoconference the firsts activities are explained. Also, the internal communication tool, the project website and the Zenodo community have been introduced.
Effect of the particle-hole channel on BCS--Bose-Einstein condensation crossover in atomic Fermi gases
Creators: name: Chen, Qijin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BCS--Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover is effected by increasing pairing strength between fermions from weak to strong in the particle-particle channel. Here we study the effect of the particle-hole channel on the zero $T$ gap $Δ(0)$, superfluid transition temperature $T_{\text{c}}$ and the pseudogap at $T_{\text{c}}$, as well as the mean-field ratio $2Δ(0)/T_{\text{c}}^{\text{MF}}$, from BCS through BEC regimes, in the framework of a pairing fluctuation theory which includes self-consistently the contributions of finite-momentum pairs. These pairs necessarily lead to a pseudogap in single particle excitation spectrum above and below $T_{\text{c}}$. We sum over the infinite particle-hole ladder diagrams so that the particle-particle and particle-hole $T$-matrices are entangled with each other. We find that the particle-hole susceptibility has a complex dynamical structure, with strong momentum and frequency dependencies, and is sensitive to temperature, gap size and interaction strength. We conclude that neglecting the self-energy feedback causes a serious over-estimate of the particle-hole susceptibility. In the BCS limit, the particle-hole channel effect may be approximated by the same reduction in the overall pairing strength so that the ratio $2Δ(0)/T_{\text{c}}$ is unaffected, in agreement with Gor'kov \textit{et al.} to the leading order. However, the effect becomes more complex and pronounced in the crossover regime, where the particle-hole susceptibility is reduced by both a smaller Fermi surface and a big (pseudo)gap. Deep in the BEC regime, the particle-hole channel contributions drop to zero. We propose that precision measurements of the magnetic field for Feshbach resonance at low temperatures as a function of density can be used to quantify the particle-hole susceptibility and test different theories.
description: Substantial rewriting of the theory section and the discussion of Tc/E_F at unitarity
Three small systems showing probable room-temperature superconductivity
Creators: name: Eagles, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I shall discuss three small systems in which I think room-temperature superconductivity has been observed. These are: 1. Narrow channels through films of oxidised atactic polypropylene (OAPP) and other polymers. 2. Some multiwalled carbon nanotubes or mats of nanotubes. 3. Sandwich structures based on CdF_2. The main emphasis will be on polymer films.
description: 8 pages. Physica C, to be published. Changes from v2: Journal of publication added. Two sentences added on both page 1 and page 6. Three references added