cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The internationalisation of Malaysian manufacturing small and medium enterprises.pdf
Creators: name: L L Tan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150303 Corporate Governance and Stakeholder Engagement
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150304 Entrepreneurship
subject: 150308 International Business
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: 150314 Small Business Management

description: This exploratory research identified the critical factors for the successful internationalisation of Malaysian manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for contending with the challenges emerging from globalisation. Four research propositions, based on the identified research gaps, were tested by this research. The findings yielded new and useful insights on the research problem and six salient recommendations for consideration by the Malaysian Government and the manufacturing SMEs.
First, for the Malaysian Government to critically review its support policies for SMEs.The findings revealed that several SMEs remained unaware of the available support policies, programmes and measures. This suggests that the Government devote more attention on promoting and publicising them.
Second, a perception by some export manufacturing SMEs that they were not eligible for support from the Government. This requires the Government to reassure them that itspolicies are aimed at assisting all SMEs and are not discriminatory.
Third, the application procedures and the delivery systems which appeared to act against the SMEs for securing Governmental support. These pinpointed the need for loan and grant applications to be made "applicant-friendly" and for the Government to critically review the delivery systems for SMEs support.
Fourth, for the SMEs to be better equipped to successfully compete in the global "new economy". This requires them to move up the value chain, acquire international businessskills, master global languages, form international linkages, participate in global supply chains and develop technological capabilities to produce high quality, innovative brandedproducts.
Fifth, to enhance management practices. This requires the hiring of competent staff, regardless of race, who understand the competitive landscape, know what their customers need and how their products can satisfy them.
Sixth, to emphasise on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. This study recommends that SMEs fully appreciate the importance of CSR practices by engaging adiversified workforce; adopting environmental protection practices and enhancing employee well-being.
Theory development was another important outcome of this research. The research findings permitted the construct of a modified international entrepreneurship model. Finally, it offered suggestions for further research.
title: Investment, Private Information, and Social Learning: A Case Study of the Semiconductor Industry
Creators: name: Cunningham, Rose
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: Social learning models of investment provide an interesting explanation for sudden changes in investment behaviour. Caplin and Leahy (1994) develop a model of social learning in which agents learn about the true state of demand from the investment suspension decisions of other agents. The author tests the main predictions of Caplin and Leahy's model using a unique database of investment projects undertaken by semiconductor plants. She finds that firms that are installing a significant new technology appear to be influenced by social learning, because they are more likely to suspend their investment project when other suspensions occur. A 1 per cent increase in the number of other suspensions increases by 3.6 per cent the probability that an average new technology plant will suspend their investment project. Suspensions by other agents also significantly affect plants that use conventional technology, but that effect is negative. The conventional technology plants are less likely to suspend their investment project when other firms suspend, which suggests that their payoffs are strategic substitutes, as in a "war-of-attrition" game.
description: Les modèles basés sur l'apprentissage social dans les décisions d'investissement expliquent de manière intéressante les changements brusques observés dans le comportement des investisseurs. Caplin et Leahy (1994) ont mis au point un modèle de ce genre où les agents déduisent le véritable état de la demande des décisions que prennent d'autres agents de suspendre leurs projets d'investissement. L'auteure teste les principales prédictions du modèle de Caplin et Leahy à l'aide d'une base de données unique regroupant des informations sur les projets d'investissement de fabricants de semiconducteurs. Il ressort de l'étude que les entreprises qui ont commencé à installer une technologie radicalement nouvelle semblent influencées par le comportement qu'elles observent chez leurs concurrents. Elles paraissent en effet plus enclines à surseoir à leur projet d'investissement quand d'autres entreprises prennent une décision en ce sens. Une hausse de 1 % du nombre de suspensions entraîne une augmentation de 3,6 % de la probabilité de voir un fabricant ayant entrepris de se doter d'une nouvelle technologie renoncer à son projet. Les suspensions de la part d'autres agents ont aussi un effet important, mais cette fois opposé, sur les fabricants qui optent pour une technologie courante. Ces fabricants sont moins portés à emboîter le pas à leurs concurrents, ce qui semble indiquer qu'ils tirent leurs bénéfices de produits qui constituent des substituts stratégiques, comme s'ils étaient engagés dans une « guerre d'usure ».
title: Counterfeiting: A Canadian Perspective
Creators: name: Chant, John
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: Counterfeiting is a significant public policy issue, because paper money, despite rumours of its demise, remains an important part of our payments system. Various parties have a stake in the prevention of counterfeiting. For individuals and businesses, the share of counterfeits in outstanding currency indicates the likelihood that the next bill they receive will be counterfeit. For government, it indicates the extent to which the circulation of counterfeits displaces legitimate currency and reduces its seigniorage benefit from the right to issue currency. Most significantly for monetary authorities, it indicates the degree to which counterfeiting challenges the integrity of the nation's currency. The author considers the economic issues that counterfeiting raises. He proposes an innovative method for estimating the quantity of counterfeit currency in circulation and develops estimates for Canada for 2001. Such a measure can make a significant contribution to public policy by providing a basis, through international comparisons, for assessing the effectiveness of different currency features in combatting counterfeiting.
description: La contrefaçon constitue un problème majeur pour les pouvoirs publics parce que, en dépit des bruits courant sur sa disparition éventuelle, le papier-monnaie demeure une composante importante de notre système de paiement. Un grand nombre d'agents économiques ont intérêt à ce que l'on fasse échec à la contrefaçon. Pour les particuliers et les entreprises, la proportion de faux par rapport à l'ensemble des billets en circulation indique la probabilité que le prochain billet reçu soit un faux. Pour le gouvernement, elle reflète la mesure dans laquelle les faux billets se substituent aux billets authentiques et réduisent les revenus de seigneuriage découlant du privilège d'émission. Fait particulièrement important pour les autorités monétaires, cette proportion donne une idée de la mesure dans laquelle la contrefaçon remet en cause l'intégrité de la monnaie nationale. L'auteur examine les problèmes économiques que soulève la contrefaçon. Il propose une nouvelle méthode d'estimation de la quantité de faux billets en circulation et présente des estimations du degré de contrefaçon au Canada en 2001. Du fait qu'elle permet d'effectuer des comparaisons internationales pour juger de l'efficacité des éléments de sécurité intégrés aux billets de banque, cette mesure peut apporter une contribution appréciable à la politique des pouvoirs publics en matière de lutte à la contrefaçon.
Additional file 1 of Microscopic evidence of strong interactions between chemical vapor deposited 2D MoS2 film and SiO2 growth template
Creators: name: Woonbae Sohn
name: Kwon, Ki Chang
name: Suh, Jun Min
name: Lee, Tae Hyung
name: Roh, Kwang Chul
name: Jang, Ho Won
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Raman spectra of the MoS2 thin film on the SiO2/Si substrate. Lateral growth of multilayer MoS2 film has been successful. The two characteristic Raman vibration modes E12g and A1g are labelled. Figure S2. TEM images of MoS2 film on SiO2/Si. (a) Low magnification, (b), (c) HRTEM images of AS-MoS2 film. (d) Low magnification, (e), (f) HRTEM images of TR-MoS2 film. Figure S3. (a) Position in which interlayer distance values are measured in AS-MoS2 films and (b) position in which interlayer distance values are measured in TR-MoS2 films. Figure S4. XPS spectra of MoS2 films. XPS core level spectra of (a) Mo 3d, (b) S 2p of AS-MoS2 film and (c) Mo 3d, (d) S 2p of TR-MoS2 films.
title: Market Valuation and Risk Assessment of Canadian Banks
Creators: name: Liu, Ying
name: Yuan, Mingwei
name: Papakirykos, Eli
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: The authors apply the asset-valuation model developed by Rabinovitch (1989) to six publicly traded Canadian banks over the period 1982–2002. The model is an extension of the Merton (1977a) option-pricing model with the incorporation of stochastic interest rates. The authors introduce the Z-score, a measure of distance-to-default, which can be a useful tool for regulators in assessing the risk of bank failures. The Z-scores, overall, suggest that Canadian banks are far from the point of default. The authors also find that both the market valuation of the bank assets and the Z-score of the Canadian banks demonstrate similar regime shifts in the late 1990s, which may be related to regulatory changes during the 1990s.
description: Pour la période allant de 1982 à 2002, les auteurs appliquent à six banques canadiennes inscrites en bourse le modèle d'évaluation des actifs proposé par Rabinovitch (1989). Ce modèle reprend la formule d'évaluation des options de Merton (1977a) en y intégrant des taux d'intérêt stochastiques. Les auteurs présentent une mesure de la distance qui sépare une banque donnée d'un défaut de paiement — le score Z — dont les autorités réglementaires pourraient se servir pour apprécier le risque de défaillance des établissements bancaires. Dans l'ensemble, les scores Z obtenus indiquent que les banques canadiennes sont éloignées du point de défaillance. Les auteurs observent en outre des changements de régime analogues dans les séries relatives à la valeur marchande des actifs et au score Z des banques durant la deuxième moitié des années 1990, lesquels pourraient être attribuables aux modifications apportées à la réglementation au courant de cette décennie.
title: The U.S. New Keynesian Phillips Curve: An Empirical Assessment
Creators: name: Guay, Alain
name: Pelgrin, Florian
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: The authors examine the evidence presented by Galí and Gertler (1999) and Galí, Gertler, and Lopez-Salido (2001, 2003) that the inflation dynamics in the United States can be well-described by the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC). The authors address several important econometrics issues that arise in estimating the NKPC model. Using the continuously updated generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator proposed by Hansen, Heaton, and Yaron (1996) and the three-step GMM estimator developed by Bonnal and Renault (2003), the authors find that the empirical evidence for the real marginal cost is rather weak. Specifically, results are sensitive to the instrument sets, normalization, estimators, sample period, and data revisions.
description: Les auteurs examinent les résultats de Galí et Gertler (1999) et de Galí, Gertler et Lopez-Salido (2001 et 2003) selon lesquels la dynamique de l'inflation aux États-Unis est correctement décrite par la nouvelle courbe de Phillips keynésienne. Ils considèrent différents problèmes économétriques importants que soulève l'estimation de la nouvelle courbe de Phillips keynésienne. À l'aide de l'estimateur « constamment actualisé » de la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM) proposé par Hansen, Heaton et Yaron (1996) et de l'estimateur GMM en trois étapes mis au point par Bonnal et Renault (2003), les auteurs montrent que le rôle du coût marginal réel n'est pas bien étayé sur le plan empirique. En effet, les résultats sont sensibles au choix de l'ensemble d'instruments, de la méthode de normalisation, de l'estimateur et de la période étudiée, de même qu'aux révisions des données.
Non-Equilibrium Heat Transport in Pt and Ru Probed by an Ultrathin Co Thermometer
Creators: name: Jang, Hyejin
name: Kimling, Johannes
name: Cahill, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium of electrons, phonons, and magnons in metals is a fundamental phenomenon in condensed matter physics and serves as an important driver in the field of ultrafast magnetism. In this work, we demonstrate that the magnetization of a sub-nm-thick Co layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can effectively serve as a thermometer to monitor non-equilibrium dynamics in adjacent metals, Pt and Ru, via time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect. The temperature evolutions of the Co thermometer embedded in Pt layers of different thicknesses, 6-46 nm, are adequately described by a phenomenological three temperature model with a consistent set of materials parameters. We do not observe any systematic deviations between the model and the data that can be caused by a non-thermal distribution of electronic excitations. We attribute the consistently good agreement between the model and the data to strong electron-electron interaction in Pt. By using Pt/Co/Pt and Pt/Co/Pt/Ru structures, we determine the electron-phonon coupling parameters of Pt and Ru, g_ep(Pt)=(6+/-1)x10^17 W m-3 K-1 and g_ep(Ru)=(9+/-2)x10^17 W m-3 K-1. We also find that the length scales of non-equilibrium between electrons and phonons are l_ep=(Λ_e/g_ep)^1/2 =9 nm for Pt and 7 nm for Ru, shorter than their optical absorption depths, 11 and 13 nm, respectively. Therefore, the optically thick Pt and Ru layers show two steps of temperature rise: The initial jump of electron temperature that occurs within 1 ps is caused by direct optical excitation and electronic heat transport within a distance l_ep for the Co layer. The second temperature rise is caused by heat transport by electrons and phonons that are near thermal equilibrium. We contrast two-temperature modeling of heat transport in Pt an Ru films to calculations for Cu, which has a much longer non-equilibrium length scale, l_ep=63 nm.
description: 37 pages, 8 figures
Do Bulges of Early- and Late-type Spirals Have Different Morphology?
Creators: name: Fathi, K.
name: Peletier, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study HST/NICMOS H-band images of bulges of two equal-sized samples of early- (T(RC3) < 4) and late-type spiral (mainly Sbc-Sc) galaxies matched in outer disk axis ratio. We find that bulges of late-type spirals are more elongated than their counterparts in early-type spirals. Using a KS-test we find that the two distributions are different at the 98.4% confidence level. We conclude that the two data sets are different, i.e. late-type galaxies have a broader ellipticity distribution and contain more elongated features in the inner regions. We discuss the possibility that these would correspond to bars at a later evolutionary stage, i.e. secularly evolved bars. Consequent implications are raised, and we discuss relevant questions regarding the formation and structure of bulges. Are bulges of early-type and late-type spirals different? Are their formation scenarios different? Can we talk about bulges in the same way for different types of galaxies?
description: Submitted to A & A (accepted); Please find high resolution version on http://www.astro.uu.se/~kambiz/DOC/paper-bulges.pdf
A New Look at the Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Electric and Natural Gas-Powered Irrigation
Creators: name: Lima, Dmitry
name: Colson, Gregory
name: Karali, Berna
name: Guerrero, Bridget
name: Amosson, Stephen H.
name: Wetzstein, Michael
name: Lima, Dmitry
name: Colson, Gregory
name: Karali, Berna
name: Guerrero, Bridget
name: Amosson, Stephen H.
name: Wetzstein, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: electricity
subject: irrigation
subject: natural gas
subject: wind energy

description: An extension of the Guerrero et al. (2010) net present value (NPV) analysis using real options analysis (ROA) is offered to improve machinery replacement decisions. Specifically, the feasibilities of replacing natural gas irrigation systems with either electric or hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated. Results indicate NPVand ROA criteria can yield opposite decisions depending on the stochastic nature of the parameters, reversibility of the investment, and flexibility of investment timing. For policy, NPV results indicate that replacing natural gas with a hybrid is on the cusp of being optimal. However, ROA indicates this NPV implication may not hold.
3-point temperature anisotropies in WMAP: Limits on CMB non-Gaussianities and non-linearities
Creators: name: Gaztanaga, E.
name: Wagg, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the 3-pt angular correlation function w_3= of (adimensional) temperature anisotropies measured by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Results can be normalized to the 2-point function w_2 = in terms of the hierarchical: q_3 ~ w_3/w_2^2 or dimensionless: d_3 ~ w_2/w_2^{3/2}$ amplitudes. Strongly non-Gaussian models are generically expected to show d_3 > 1 or q_3 > 10^3 d_3. Unfortunately, this is comparable to the cosmic variance on large angular scales. For Gaussian primordial models, q_3 gives a direct measure of the non-linear corrections to temperature anisotropies in the sky: delta = delta_L + f_{NLT} (delta_L^2 - ) with f_{NLT} = q_3/2 for the leading order term in w_2^2. We find good agreement with the Gaussian hypothesis d_3 ~ 0 within the cosmic variance of LCDM simulations (with or without a low quadrupole). The strongest constraints on q_3 come from scales smaller than 1 degree. We find q_3 =19 +/-141 for (pseudo) collapsed configurations and an average of q_3 = 336 +/-218 for non-collapsed triangles. The corresponding non-linear coupling parameter, f_{NL}, for curvature perturbations Phi, in the Sachs-Wolfe (SW) regime is: f_{NL}^{SW} = q_3/6, while on degree scales, the extra power in acoustic oscillations produces f_{NL} ~ q_3/30 in the LCM model. Errors are dominated by cosmic variance, but for the first time they begin to be small enough to constrain the leading order non-linear effects with coupling of order unity.
description: References added. Matches version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: Optimal Taylor Rules in an Estimated Model of a Small Open Economy
Creators: name: Ambler, Steve
name: Dib, Ali
name: Rebei, Nooman
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: The authors compute welfare-maximizing Taylor rules in a dynamic general-equilibrium model of a small open economy. The model includes three types of nominal rigidities (domestic-goods prices, imported-goods prices, and wages) and eight different structural shocks. The authors estimate the model's structural parameters by maximum likelihood using Canadian and U.S. data, and use a second-order approximation of the model to measure the welfare effects of different Taylor rules. By estimating the model, the authors can compare welfare levels with that attainable under the Taylor rule estimated for their sample period. They find that the welfare gains from moving to the optimal Taylor rule are larger than those obtained by previous researchers.
description: Les auteurs se servent d'un modèle dynamique d'équilibre général décrivant une petite économie ouverte pour calculer les coefficients de la règle de Taylor qui maximisent le bien-être. Le modèle englobe trois types de rigidités nominales (les prix des biens produits au pays, ceux des biens importés et les salaires sont fixés à l'avance) et huit chocs structurels différents. Les auteurs estiment les paramètres structurels du modèle en appliquant la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance aux données canadiennes et américaines et font appel à une approximation d'ordre 2 du modèle pour mesurer les effets de différentes règles de Taylor sur le bien-être. Les auteurs peuvent ainsi comparer les niveaux de bien-être à celui qu'ils obtiennent avec la règle de Taylor estimée sur la période observée. Ils constatent que les gains de bien-être découlant de l'adoption d'une règle de Taylor optimale sont supérieurs à ceux décrits par les chercheurs précédents.
The Size Distribution of Trans-Neptunian Bodies
Creators: name: Bernstein, G. M.
name: Trilling, D. E.
name: Allen, R. L.
name: Brown, M. E.
name: Holman, M.
name: Malhotra, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Condensed] We search 0.02 deg^2 for trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with m<=29.2 (diameter ~15 km) using the ACS on HST. Three new objects are discovered, roughly 25 times fewer than expected from extrapolation of the differential sky density Sigma(m) of brighter objects. The ACS and other recent TNO surveys show departures from a power law size distribution. Division of the TNO sample into ``classical Kuiper belt'' (CKB) and ``Excited'' samples reveals that Sigma(m) differs for the two populations at 96% confidence. A double power law adequately fits all data. Implications include: The total mass of the CKB is ~0.010 M_Earth, only a few times Pluto's mass, and is predominately in the form of ~100 km bodies. The mass of Excited objects is perhaps a few times larger. The Excited class has a shallower bright-end size distribution; the largest objects, including Pluto, comprise tens of percent of the total mass whereas the largest CKBOs are only ~2% of its mass. The predicted mass of the largest Excited body is close to the Pluto mass; the largest CKBO is ~60 times less massive. The deficit of small TNOs occurs for sizes subject to disruption by present-day collisions, suggesting extensive depletion by collisions. Both accretion and erosion appearing to have proceeded to more advanced stages in the Excited class than the CKB. The absence of distant TNOs implies that any distant (60 AU) population must have less than the CKB mass in the form of objects 40 km or larger. The CKB population is sparser than theoretical estimates of the required precursor population for short period comets, but the Excited population could be a viable precursor population.
description: Revised version accepted to the Astronomical Journal. Numerical results are very slightly revised. Implications for the origins of short-period comets are substantially revised, and tedious material on statistical tests has been collected into a new Appendix
Additional file 1 of US children of minority race are less likely to be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after traumatic injury, a retrospective analysis of a single pediatric trauma center
Creators: name: Slain, Katherine N.
name: Wurtz, Morgan A.
name: Rose, Jerri A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:. Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital Pediatric Trauma Database worksheet.
Kinetic theory of quantum transport at the nanoscale
Creators: name: Gebauer, Ralph
name: Car, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum-kinetic scheme for the calculation of non-equilibrium transport properties in nanoscale systems. The approach is based on a Liouville-master equation for a reduced density operator and represents a generalization of the well-known Boltzmann kinetic equation. The system, subject to an external electromotive force, is described using periodic boundary conditions. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach by applying it to a double-barrier resonant tunneling structure.
Quantum diffraction of position-momentum entangled photons from a sharp edge
Creators: name: Gambhir, Samridhi
name: Singh, Mandip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, an experiment of quantum diffraction of position-momentum entangled photons from a straight sharp edge is presented. Path of a single photon of an entangled pair is partially blocked by a sharp edge whereas the other photon is detected at a stationary location without revealing the which-path information of the other photon. Quantum diffraction pattern of the sharp edge is revealed only in the correlated conditional detection of spatially separated photons and no diffraction pattern is formed in local detections of individual photons. Theoretical analysis of the quantum diffraction of position-momentum entangled photons from a sharp edge is also presented in this paper. Experimental measurements of the quantum diffraction pattern are compared with theoretically calculated quantum diffraction pattern of position-momentum entangled photons.
description: 5 Pages
The faint supernova remnant G 34.7-0.4 (W44)
Creators: name: Mavromatakis, Fotis
name: Boumis, Panayotis
name: Goudis, Christos D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flux calibrated images of the known supernova remnant G 34.7-0.4 in basic optical emission lines are presented. The low ionization images show a relatively flat flux distribution. The diffuse and patchy morphology of the detected optical emission may indicate the presence of turbulent magnetic fields. Typical observed Halpha+[N II] fluxes are ~8 x 10^{-17} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} arcsec^{-2}, while the [S II] fluxes are lower around 4 x 10^{-17} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} arcsec^{-2}. Emission in the medium ionization line of [O III] 5007 A is not detected within our sensitivity limits, probably due to the heavy extinction towards the remnant. The long-slit spectra reveal strong [S II] and [N II] emission relative to Halpha and moderate [O I] 6300 A emission. Shock velocities in the range of 110-150 km/s and low electron densities are estimated. Archival MSX infrared data show emission in the south and west areas of the remnant matching rather well the optical and radio emission.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
title: The Implications of Transmission and Information Lags for the Stabilization Bias and Optimal Delegation
Creators: name: Lam, Jean-Paul
name: Pelgrin, Florian
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: In two recent papers, Jensen (2002) and Walsh (2003), using a hybrid New Keynesian model, demonstrate that a regime that targets either nominal income growth or the change in the output gap can effectively replicate the outcome under commitment and hence reduce the size of the stabilization bias. Moreover, these two targeting regimes have been shown to outperform a regime that targets inflation, except when inflation expectations are predominantly backward looking. In this paper, the authors modify an otherwise conventional New Keynesian model to include transmission and information lags, two key problems faced by policy-makers, and they examine whether the results from the baseline model are robust to these two modifications. The authors find that the gains from commitment are considerably reduced when the model includes these two features, which implies that optimal delegation is less important. Furthermore, a regime that targets CPI inflation in a conservative manner is found to perform well and even outperforms the targeting regimes advocated by Jensen and Walsh under certain conditions.
description: À l'aide d'un nouveau modèle keynésien hybride, Jensen (2002) et Walsh (2003) montrent, dans deux études récentes, qu'un régime prenant pour cible soit le taux de croissance du revenu nominal soit la variation de l'écart de production permet de reproduire la solution obtenue avec une règle d'engagement et de réduire ainsi le biais de stabilisation. Par ailleurs, ces deux régimes se comportent mieux qu'un régime fondé sur la poursuite d'une cible d'inflation, à l'exception des cas où les anticipations d'inflation sont essentiellement rétrospectives. Lam et Pelgrin modifient le cadre standard du nouveau modèle keynésien pour y introduire des retards d'information et de transmission — deux caractéristiques clés pour les décideurs de la politique monétaire. Les auteurs cherchent à déterminer si les résultats de la littérature résistent à ces deux modifications. Ils constatent que les gains découlant de l'engagement des autorités monétaires sont considérablement réduits lorsque le modèle inclut ces deux caractéristiques, ce qui implique que le caractère optimal de la délégation de la politique monétaire revêt moins d'importance. Finalement, un régime qui prend pour cibles l'inflation des prix à la consommation et l'écart de production se comporte relativement bien et est parfois préférable, sous certaines conditions, aux régimes de politique monétaire décrits par Jensen et Walsh.
title: Finance Constraints and Inventory Investment: Empirical Tests with Panel Data
Creators: name: Cunningham, Rose
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: The author empirically tests two aspects of the interaction between financial variables and inventory investment: negative cash flow and finance constraints due to asymmetric information. This is one of the first studies of inventory investment and finance constraints using Canadian data. A sample of Canadian manufacturing firms over the period 1992Q2–1999Q4 is split into subsamples based on age, bond rating, and size to reflect expected differences in degrees of asymmetric information problems. The findings are consistent with a model in which inventory investment is a U-shaped function of cash flow. Higher degrees of information asymmetry do not appear to generate differences in the sensitivity of inventory investment to cash flow during the sample period.
description: L'auteure teste empiriquement deux aspects de l'interaction entre les investissements en stocks et les variables financières, à savoir le comportement de ceux-ci en présence, d'une part, de flux de trésorerie négatifs et, d'autre part, de contraintes de financement dues à une asymétrie d'information entre emprunteur et prêteur. Il s'agit de l'une des premières études menées sur le sujet à partir de données canadiennes. L'échantillon d'entreprises manufacturières qu'utilise l'auteure couvre la période allant du deuxième trimestre de 1992 au quatrième trimestre de 1999 et est subdivisé en fonction de l'âge, de la cote de crédit et de la taille des entreprises afin de tenir compte des différences attendues dans le degré d'asymétrie d'information. Les résultats obtenus cadrent avec un modèle où la relation entre les investissements en stocks et les flux de trésorerie décrit une courbe en U. Le degré d'asymétrie ne semble pas influencer la sensibilité des investissements en stocks aux flux de trésorerie durant la période d'estimation.
Entropy Crisis, Ideal Glass Transition and Polymer Melting: Exact Solution on a Husimi Cactus
Creators: name: Corsi, Andrea
name: Gujrati, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an extension of the lattice model of melting of semiflexible polymers originally proposed by Flory. Along with a bending penalty, present in the original model and involving three sites of the lattice, we introduce an interaction energy that corresponds to the presence of a pair of parallel bonds and a second interaction energy associated with the presence of a hairpin turn. Both these new terms represent four-site interactions. The model is solved exactly on a Husimi cactus, which approximates a square lattice. We study the phase diagram of the system as a function of the energies. For a proper choice of the interaction energies, the model exhibits a first-order melting transition between a liquid and a crystalline phase. The continuation of the liquid phase below this temperature gives rise to a supercooled liquid, which turns continuously into a new low-temperature phase, called metastable liquid. This liquid-liquid transition seems to have some features that are characteristic of the critical transition predicted by the mode-coupling theory.
description: To be published in Physical Review E, 68 (2) (2003)
title: A Forecasting Model for Inventory Investments in Canada
Creators: name: Chacra, Marwan
name: Kichian, Maral
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: The authors present an empirical model to forecast short-run inventory investment behaviour for Canada. As with other recent studies that examine this series, they adopt an error-correction framework. Estimations using non-linear least squares and quarterly data yield both a good model fit and good out-of-sample forecasts. Given the debate in the United States on whether the adoption by firms of new information-technology-based methods of inventory management led to a decline in the volatility of U.S. output growth, the authors examine this issue for Canada. Results of the heteroscedasticity-robust Quandt likelihood ratio test advocated by Stock and Watson (2002) reveal very different dates for structural breaks in the volatilities of the growth contribution of inventory investment and of Canadian output growth: 1984Q1 and 1991Q2, respectively. Thus, the authors conclude that the "inventory hypothesis" is likely not an important explanation for the decline in the volatility of Canadian GDP growth.
description: Les auteurs présentent un modèle empirique qui permet de prévoir le comportement à court terme des investissements en stocks au Canada. À l'instar d'autres chercheurs s'étant penchés récemment sur cette série de données, ils adoptent un modèle à correction d'erreurs. L'emploi de la méthode des moindres carrés non linéaires et de données trimestrielles conduit à la fois à une bonne adéquation statistique du modèle et à de bonnes prévisions hors échantillon. Dans la foulée du débat en cours aux États-Unis sur la question de savoir si l'adoption par les entreprises de nouvelles méthodes de gestion des stocks basées sur les technologies de l'information a fait diminuer la volatilité de la croissance de la production américaine, les auteurs examinent le cas du Canada. D'après les résultats du test du rapport des vraisemblances de Quandt robuste en présence d'hétéroscédasticité, dont Stock et Watson (2002) préconisent l'utilisation, les ruptures structurelles dans la volatilité de la contribution des investissements en stocks à la croissance et dans la volatilité de la croissance de la production canadienne sont loin de coïncider : la première est survenue au premier trimestre de 1984 et la seconde au deuxième trimestre de 1991. Les auteurs en concluent que l'« hypothèse des stocks » ne constitue vraisemblablement pas une explication valable de la baisse de la volatilité de la croissance du PIB canadien.
Thermal conductivity of lightly Sr- and Zn-doped La$_2$CuO$_4$ single crystals
Creators: name: Sun, X. F.
name: Takeya, J.
name: Komiya, Seiki
name: Ando, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both ab-plane and c-axis thermal conductivities ($κ_{ab}$ and $κ_c$) of lightly doped La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ and La$_2$Cu$_{1-y}$Zn$_y$O$_4$ single crystals ($x$ or $y$ = 0 -- 0.04) are measured from 2 to 300 K. It is found that the low-temperature phonon peak (at 20 -- 25 K) is significantly suppressed upon Sr or Zn doping even at very low doping, though its precise doping dependences show interesting differences between the Sr and Zn dopants, or between the $ab$ plane and the c axis. Most notably, the phonon peak in $κ_c$ decreases much more quickly with Sr doping than with Zn doping, while the phonon-peak suppression in $κ_{ab}$ shows an opposite trend. It is discussed that the scattering of phonons by stripes is playing an important role in the damping of the phonon heat transport in lightly doped LSCO, in which static spin stripes has been observed by neutron scattering. We also show $κ_{ab}$ and $κ_c$ data of La$_{1.28}$Nd$_{0.6}$Sr$_{0.12}$CuO$_4$ and La$_{1.68}$Eu$_{0.2}$Sr$_{0.12}$CuO$_4$ single crystals to compare with the data of the lightly doped crystals for the discussion of the role of stripes. At high temperature, the magnon peak (i.e., the peak caused by the spin heat transport near the Néel temperature) in $κ_{ab}(T)$ is found to be rather robust against Zn doping, while it completely disappears with only 1% of Sr doping.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
A BeppoSAX observation of MKN6
Creators: name: Malizia, A.
name: Bassani, L.
name: Capalbi, M.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Nicastro, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the BeppoSAX satellite to study the broad band (0.5-100 keV) X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert 1.5 galaxy MKN6. The source is characterized by a power law of Gamma=1.7 [+0.08, -0.07] and there is no strong evidence for either a reflection bump or a high energy cut-off. We have detected a narrow iron line at 6.4 keV (rest frame) with an equivalent width of 98 [+33, -35] eV. MKN6 also exhibits strong and complex absorption. At least two components (NH_1 =1.34 [+0.4,-0.4] x 10^(22) cm^(-2) and NH_2 = 4.18 [+2.2, -1.3] x 10^(22) cm^(-2)) are present and they both partially cover the source with covering fractions of ~90% and ~50% respectively. Comparison with a previous ASCA observation indicates that in both absorbing columns the NH is variable over a 2 year timescale, while the covering fractions are constant over the same amount of time. The state of each absorber is cold or mildly photoionized. The Broad Line Region (BLR) is suggested as the possible location for this complex absorption.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in A&A
Long-time asymptotics for the integrable nonlocal focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation for a family of step-like initial data
Creators: name: Rybalko, Yan
name: Shepelsky, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K15, 37Q55, 35Q51

description: We study the Cauchy problem for the integrable nonlocal focusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NNLS) equation $ iq_{t}(x,t)+q_{xx}(x,t)+2 q^{2}(x,t)\bar{q}(-x,t)=0 $ with the step-like initial data close to the ``shifted step function'' $χ_R(x)=AH(x-R)$, where $H(x)$ is the Heaviside step function, and $A>0$ and $R>0$ are arbitrary constants. Our main aim is to study the large-$t$ behavior of the solution of this problem. We show that for $R\in\left(\frac{(2n-1)π}{2A},\frac{(2n+1)π}{2A}\right)$, $n=1,2,\dots$, the $(x,t)$ plane splits into $4n+2$ sectors exhibiting different asymptotic behavior. Namely, there are $2n+1$ sectors where the solution decays to $0$, whereas in the other $2n+1$ sectors (alternating with the sectors with decay), the solution approaches (different) constants along each ray $x/t=const$. Our main technical tool is the representation of the solution of the Cauchy problem in terms of the solution of an associated matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem and its subsequent asymptotic analysis following the ideas of nonlinear steepest descent method.
description: 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among care-seeking adults in the African Cohort Study
Creators: name: Semwogerere, Michael
name: Dear, Nicole
name: Tunnage, Joshua
name: Domonique Reed
name: Kibuuka, Hannah
name: Kiweewa, Francis
name: Iroezindu, Michael
name: Bahemana, Emmanuel
name: Maswai, Jonah
name: Owuoth, John
name: Crowell, Trevor A.
name: Ake, Julie A.
name: Polyak, Christina S.
name: Allahna Esber
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Study Population Characteristics at Enrollment Visit by Study Site.
Photon generation from vacuum in nondegenerate cavities with regular and random periodic displacements of boundaries
Creators: name: Dodonov, A. V.
name: Dodonov, E. V.
name: Dodonov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of fluctuations in periodic motion of boundaries of an ideal three-dimensional cavity on the rate of photon generation from vacuum due to the nonstationary Casimir effect.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, LaTex; to appear in Physics Letters A
title: A Structural Small Open-Economy Model for Canada
Creators: name: Murchison, Stephen
name: Rennison, Andrew
name: Zhu, Zhenhua
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2004

description: The authors develop a small open-economy dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium (DSGE) model in an attempt to understand the dynamic relationships in Canadian macroeconomic data. The model differs from most recent DSGE models in two key ways. First, for prices and wages, the authors use the time-dependent staggered contracting model of Dotsey, King, and Wolman (1999) and Wolman (1999), rather than the Calvo (1983) specification. Second, to model investment, the authors adopt Edge's (2000a, b) framework of time-to-build with ex-post inflexibilities. The model's parameters are chosen to minimize the distance between the structural model's impulse responses to interest rate, demand (consumption), and exchange rate shocks and those from an estimated vector autoregression (VAR). The majority of the model's theoretical impulse responses fall within the 5 and 95 per cent confidence intervals generated by the VAR.
description: À l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général dynamique et stochastique qui décrit une petite économie ouverte, les auteurs cherchent à élucider les relations dynamiques existant entre les variables macroéconomiques canadiennes. Leur modèle diffère de deux façons fondamentales des récents modèles du genre. Premièrement, les auteurs n'ont pas recours au modèle à contrats échelonnés de Calvo (1983), mais bien à celui de Dotsey, King et Wolman (1999) et de Wolman (1999) où la probabilité d'ajustement des prix et des salaires au cours d'une période donnée est une fonction croissante du délai écoulé depuis le dernier ajustement. Deuxièmement, ils modélisent le comportement de l'investissement au moyen du schéma de Edge (2000a et b), qui comporte un délai de formation du capital et des rigidités ex post. Les paramètres du modèle sont établis de manière à minimiser l'écart entre les profils de réaction du modèle structurel aux variations des taux d'intérêt, de la demande (ou consommation) et du taux de change et ceux tirés de l'estimation d'un vecteur autorégressif (VAR). La majorité des profils de réaction théoriques issus du modèle se situent à l'intérieur des intervalles de confiance à 90 % générés par le VAR.
Strong Soft X-ray Excess in 2015 XMM-Newton Observation of BL--Lac OJ~287
Creators: name: Pal, Main
name: Kushwaha, Pankaj
name: Dewangan, Gulab C.
name: Pawar, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a strong soft X-ray excess in the BL--Lacartae $γ$-ray blazar OJ~287 during the long exposure in May 2015, amongst two of the latest \xmm~{} observations performed in May 2015 and 2018. In case of May 2015 observation, a logparabola model fits the EPIC-pn data well while a logparabola plus powerlaw describes the overall simultaneous optical to X-ray spectra, suggesting the excess as the synchrotron tail. This interpretation, however, is inconsistent with the observed spectral break between near-infrared and optical spectra, attributed to standard disk around a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Based on this, we considered two commonly invoked accretion disk based models in AGNs to explain the soft excess: the cool Comptonization component in the accretion disk and the blurred reflection from the partially ionized accretion disk. We found that both cool Comptonization and blurred reflection models provide equally good fit to the data and favor a super-heavy SMBH of mass $\sim 10^{10}~M_\odot$. Further investigation of about a month long simultaneous X-ray and UV pointing observations revealed a delayed UV emission with respect to the 1.5-10 keV band, favoring X-ray reprocessing phenomenon as the dominant mechanism. The results suggest that the soft excess is probably caused by strong light bending close to the SMBH. The detected soft excess in 2015 data and its disappearance in 2018 data is also consistent with the presence of accretion disk emission, inferred from the NIR-optical spectral} break between May 2013 to March 2016.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in the ApJ journal
Additional file 2 of Efficacy and safety of fremanezumab in patients with migraine and inadequate response to prior preventive treatment: subgroup analyses by country of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Creators: name: Spierings, Egilius L. H.
name: Kärppä, Mikko
name: Xiaoping Ning
name: Cohen, Joshua M.
name: Campos, Verena Ramirez
name: Ronghua Yang
name: Reuter, Uwe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Enrollment Across Countries in the FOCUS Study. Number and proportion of patients enrolled in the FOCUS study from each country overall and by treatment group.