Pseudodrephalys argus Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Pseudodrephalys
Pseudodrephalys argus

description: Pseudodrephalys argus Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ D90B1BBA-F8B9-4EC3-8188-EC8E8667C4C1  
(Fig. 2 part, 53–54)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that a specimen from Suriname identified as Pseudodrephalys hypargus (Mabille, 1891) (type locality in Brazil: Amazonas) is genetically differentiated from a series of P. hypargus that included a syntype (Fig. 2), e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 2.1% (14 bp), and therefore represents a new species. This new species keys to “ Drephalys hypargus ” (B.6.13) in Evans (1952) and differs from it by being generally paler, has a paler streak along dorsal hindwing vein 1A+2A, ventral dark hindwing border is rounder and without a tooth-like contour in cell CuA 2 -1A+2A. Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly4105.1.1:T783C, aly54.9.3:C21A, aly 2178.10.1:A52G, aly345.5.4:G72C, aly2284.13.13:G63C, aly423.15.5:A24A (not T), aly499.4.2:C81C (not T), aly15220.6.2:C129C (not A), aly151.8.3:A126A (not G), aly925.30.8:C24C (not T), and COI barcode: T97C, T220T, T277A, 322G, G622A.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-21116E12, GenBank OR837645, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATAGTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGATTATTAATTCGTACTGAATTAGGTAATCCAGGATCTTTAATC GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCAATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCATTTCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGACTTCTTCCTCCTTCATTATTATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGTATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCTGGGACAGGATGAACTGTTTACCCTCCTCTTTCTTCTAATATTGCTCATCAAGGAGCATCTGTAGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCATTACATTTAGCAGGAATTTCATCTATTTTAGGAGCCATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAATAATCTTTCTT TTGATCAATTACCTTTATTTGTATGAGCTGTTGGAATTACAGCTTTACTTTTATTACTTTCTTTACCAGTATTAGCTGGAGCTATTACCATATTATT AACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCTTTTTTTGACCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACACTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♀ deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany (MFNB), illustrated in Fig. 53–54, bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [Bersaba | Surinam | 1898—9 Michls.], [Coll. | Staudinger], [] (empty label), [DNA sample ID: | NVG-21116E12 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♀ | Pseudodrephalys | argus Grishin].   
 Type locality. Suriname: Para District, Bersaba.   
 Etymology. The name is formed by removing hyp from hypargus. In Greek, the prefix hyp [o] means low, under, beneath, down, or less than normal. We removed the prefix, making this species higher. In Greek, argos means bright or white. The holotype is indeed brighter and whiter than hypargus. However, it is not clear whether this trait is general for the species or an individual variation. The name is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from the holotype collected in Suriname.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362