cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving the measurement of transactional sex in sub-saharan Africa : A critical review
Creators: name: Wamoyi, Joyce
name: Ranganathan, Meghna
name: Kyegombe, Nambusi
name: Stoebenau, Kirsten
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Transactional sex, or informal sexual exchange, is considered to be an important contributing factor to the disproportionately high HIV infection rates experienced by adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Nonetheless, confusion remains over how best to define and measure this practice, hindering efforts to mitigate the role of transactional sex in the epidemic. We critically review current measures and offer evidence-based recommendations for improvement.Setting:Although transactional sex is practiced around the world, we focus attention on the definition and measurement of this practice in sub-Saharan Africa, given the role it plays in young women's risk of HIV in this region.Methods:We relied on both secondary and primary data sources. We draw on a systematic review of literature on transactional sex from sub-Saharan Africa and interview data from both key informants and cognitive interviews (n = 160) with young women (ages 14-24) and men (ages 18-35) in Uganda and Tanzania.Results:We find current measures are inconsistent, conflate transactional sex with sex work, and fail to capture the gendered nature of the practice. We provide an evidence-based definition of transactional sex that guides our measurement recommendations. We then detail the development of improved measures through cognitive interviews. Finally, we offer recommended approaches to improved measurement of transactional sex for women and men in large-scale surveys.Conclusions:Improved measures are critical for accurate estimation of the prevalence of transactional sex and assessment of the extent to which transactional sex determines HIV risk.
Improving the measurement of transactional sex in sub-saharan Africa : A critical review
Creators: name: Wamoyi, Joyce
name: Ranganathan, Meghna
name: Kyegombe, Nambusi
name: Stoebenau, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Transactional sex, or informal sexual exchange, is considered to be an important contributing factor to the disproportionately high HIV infection rates experienced by adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Nonetheless, confusion remains over how best to define and measure this practice, hindering efforts to mitigate the role of transactional sex in the epidemic. We critically review current measures and offer evidence-based recommendations for improvement.Setting:Although transactional sex is practiced around the world, we focus attention on the definition and measurement of this practice in sub-Saharan Africa, given the role it plays in young women's risk of HIV in this region.Methods:We relied on both secondary and primary data sources. We draw on a systematic review of literature on transactional sex from sub-Saharan Africa and interview data from both key informants and cognitive interviews (n = 160) with young women (ages 14-24) and men (ages 18-35) in Uganda and Tanzania.Results:We find current measures are inconsistent, conflate transactional sex with sex work, and fail to capture the gendered nature of the practice. We provide an evidence-based definition of transactional sex that guides our measurement recommendations. We then detail the development of improved measures through cognitive interviews. Finally, we offer recommended approaches to improved measurement of transactional sex for women and men in large-scale surveys.Conclusions:Improved measures are critical for accurate estimation of the prevalence of transactional sex and assessment of the extent to which transactional sex determines HIV risk.
Determinants of Awareness of Credit Procurement Procedures and Farmers Income in Minna Metropolis, Nigeria
Creators: name: Onu, J. O.
name: Nmadu, J. N.
name: Tanko, L.
name: Onu, J. O.
name: Nmadu, J. N.
name: Tanko, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Production Economics
subject: Awareness
subject: Procurement procedure
subject: Credit utilization
subject: Farm income

description: The study analysed the determinants of awareness of credit procurement procedures and farmers income in Minna Metropolis, Niger State. A total of 90 farmers were randomly sampled from six villages around Minna Metropolis. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the respondents in the study area. Descriptive statistics and three stage least square estimate were used to determine the relationship between farmers’ socio economics factors, utilization of credit and total value of output, amount of credit procured and awareness of credit procurement procedures. The result appears to suggest that older farmers are not keen on available agricultural credit and tend to run the farm enterprise as a social enterprise. In view of this, and in order to reposition agriculture, farmers have to be enlightened to run their farm enterprise as a business and procure credit in order to increase the capital investment in the farm enterprise.
The health of undocumented latinx immigrants : what we know and future directions
Creators: name: Ornelas, India J.
name: Yamanis, Thespina
name: Ruiz, Raymond A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Undocumented Latinx immigrants experience unique factors prior to migration, during migration, and after migration that shape their health. Our review summarizes the limited but growing literature highlighting how exposure to trauma, immigration enforcement, changes to social networks, and discrimination negatively affect the mental and physical health of undocumented Latinx immigrants. We also discuss how policies and social ties can promote their health. We focus on areas of particular concern, including health care, mental health, and HIV. Future research should use interdisciplinary approaches and intersectional frameworks to understand and address health inequities. Conducting research with undocumented Latinx immigrant communities requires community engagement, assurance of confidentiality, and creative recruitment and retention strategies. Recommendations for public health practice include investing in community health centers and organizations to ensure access to health and social services; presenting results with sufficient contextualization to interpret their generalizability; and advocating for federal-, state-, and local-level policy changes that reduce the negative health consequences associated with being undocumented.
ENRESSH Policy Brief Research Evaluation
Creators: name: Ochsner, Michael
name: Kancewicz-Hoffman, Nina
name: Ma, Lai
name: Holm, Jon
name: Gedutis, Aldis
name: Šima, Karel
name: Hug, Sven E.
name: Dewaele, Alexis
name: Jong, Stefan De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130212 Science, Technology and Engineering Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: 160506 Education Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Science Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy

description: An adequate research evaluation in the SSH (and beyond) corresponds to the research practices, makes its policy goals explicit, involves all stakeholders, ensures diversity of evaluation practices by respecting research’s local and international embeddedness, uses a broad range of explicit quality criteria adequate for the discipline(s) under evaluation, evaluates each criterion separately, is based on informed peer review combining qualitative judgement and quantitative information, respects interdisciplinarity and does not prioritise some fields over others.
The health of undocumented latinx immigrants : what we know and future directions
Creators: name: Ornelas, India J.
name: Yamanis, Thespina
name: Ruiz, Raymond A.
Publisher: name: Annual Review of Public Health
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Undocumented Latinx immigrants experience unique factors prior to migration, during migration, and after migration that shape their health. Our review summarizes the limited but growing literature highlighting how exposure to trauma, immigration enforcement, changes to social networks, and discrimination negatively affect the mental and physical health of undocumented Latinx immigrants. We also discuss how policies and social ties can promote their health. We focus on areas of particular concern, including health care, mental health, and HIV. Future research should use interdisciplinary approaches and intersectional frameworks to understand and address health inequities. Conducting research with undocumented Latinx immigrant communities requires community engagement, assurance of confidentiality, and creative recruitment and retention strategies. Recommendations for public health practice include investing in community health centers and organizations to ensure access to health and social services; presenting results with sufficient contextualization to interpret their generalizability; and advocating for federal-, state-, and local-level policy changes that reduce the negative health consequences associated with being undocumented.
Topological term, QCD anomaly, and the eta' chiral soliton lattice in rotating baryonic matter
Creators: name: Nishimura, Kentaro
name: Yamamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ground states of low-density hadronic matter and high-density color-flavor locked color superconducting phase in three-flavor QCD at finite baryon chemical potential under rotation. We find that, in both cases under sufficiently fast rotation, the combination of the rotation-induced topological term for the eta' meson and the QCD anomaly leads to an inhomogeneous condensate of the eta' meson, known as the chiral soliton lattice (CSL). We find that, when baryon chemical potential is much larger than isospin chemical potential, the critical angular velocity for the realization of the eta' CSL is much smaller than that for the pi_0 CSL found previously. We also argue that the eta' CSL states in flavor-symmetric QCD at low density and high density should be continuously connected, extending the quark-hadron continuity conjecture in the presence of the rotation.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures; v2: published version
Lepton Flavor Violating Processes and Muon g-2 in Minimal Supersymmetric SO(10) Model
Creators: name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
name: Kikuchi, Tatsuru
name: Okada, Nobuchika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recently proposed minimal supersymmetric SO(10) model, the neutrino Dirac Yukawa coupling matrix, together with all the other fermion mass matrices, is completely determined once free parameters in the model are appropriately fixed so as to accommodate the recent neutrino oscillation data. Using this unambiguous neutrino Dirac Yukawa couplings, we calculate the lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes and the muon g-2 assuming the minimal supergravity scenario. The resultant rates of the LFV processes are found to be large enough to well exceed the proposed future experimental bound, while the magnitude of the muon g-2 can be within the recent result by Brookhaven E821 experiment. Furthermore, we find that there exists a parameter region which can simultaneously realize the neutralino cold dark matter abundance consistent with the recent WMAP data.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. The version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Intensifying the intensity illusion in judgments of learning : modality and cue combinations
Creators: name: Peynircioglu, Zehra
name: Tatz, Joshua R.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We showed that judgments of learning (JOLs) were not affected by presentation modality in a list-learning task, although the typical font-size and loudness illusions emerged in that large-font visual presentations and loud auditory presentations elicited higher JOLs than their less intense counterparts. Further, when items were presented in both modalities simultaneously, large-font/quiet and small-font/loud items received similar JOLs (and were recalled similarly). Most importantly, when the intensity manipulation was compounded across modalities, the magnitude of the illusion increased beyond that observed in a single modality, showing the influence of combining cues. Whereas recall was still the same, large-font/loud items received higher JOLs than either small-font/loud items or large-font/quiet items, and not-intense items received very low JOLs. These differences emerged only when all conditions were presented within a single list and not in a between-subjects design, underscoring the importance of comparative judgments.
Additional file 2 of Chromatin alterations during the epididymal maturation of mouse sperm refine the paternally inherited epigenome
Creators: name: Bedi, Yudhishtar S.
name: Roach, Alexis N.
name: Thomas, Kara N.
name: Mehta, Nicole A.
name: Golding, Michael C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1–S5. Genomic features and results of Pathway Analysis for the enriched peaks identified in Figs. 3 and 4.
Simulating the metal enrichment of the ICM
Creators: name: Tornatore, L.
name: Borgani, S.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Recchi, S.
name: Tozzi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from Tree+SPH simulations of a galaxy cluster, aimed at studying the metal enrichment of the intra--cluster medium (ICM). The simulation code includes a fairly advanced treatment of star formation, as well as the release of energy feedback and detailed yields from both type-II and type-Ia supernovae, also accurately accounting for the lifetimes of different stellar populations. We perform simulations of a cluster with virial mass ~ 3.9x 10^14 Msun, to investigate the effect of varying the feedback strength and the stellar initial mass function (IMF). Although most of the models are able to produce acceptable amounts of Fe mass, we find that the profiles of the iron abundance are always steeper than observed. The [O/Fe] ratio is found to be sub--solar for a Salpeter IMF, with [O/Fe] -0.2 at R >~ 0.1R200, whereas increasing to super-solar values in central regions, as a result of recent star formation. Using a top--heavier IMF gives a larger [O/Fe] over the whole cluster, at variance with observations. On the other hand, the adoption of a variable IMF, which becomes top-heavier at z>2, provides a roughly solar [O/Fe] ratio. Our results indicate that our simulations still lack a feedback mechanism which should quench star formation at low redshift and transport metals away from the star forming regions.
description: to appear in MNRAS Letters
Life cycle assessment : Center for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS)
Creators: name: Sun, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS) located on 2210 West Mall; is one of the greenest buildings in British Columbia at its time of construction - developed primarily in response to the challenge of creating a more sustainable society. The LCA study was completed at the request of UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) to transparently communicate the environmental benefits of University’s first net-zero energy and regenerative building and further pave the ways for similar future ventures. Although first of its kind study of a Green Building in UBC, CIRS LCA study is a part of UBC wide academic building LCA data repository and would contribute to knowledge built up of that database. A formulated approach as per ISO 14044 standard, was adopted to complete the LCA study as comprehensively as possible. The approach was carried off from quantity take-off using Onscreen TakeOff software, to preparing as thorough an sorting 3 level element & assemblies as was possible from the available information, modeling was done with Athena Impact Estimator which has one of the largest life cycle inventory database in North America. Assumptions and According to the bill of material and summary measure of each level 3 element, which of their performance should be compared. The output data of product stage and construction process stage of CIRS building and each level 3 element. From the analysis it is evident that CIRS stand up to the test of being sustainable and contributing positively towards its environment. Despite the challenges of whole building LCA study we are confident that this study would be a contribution towards knowledge built up and would encourage further such studies; strengthening the process and providing knowledge based information tool for future policies. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Optical spectroscopy of type-2 LINERs
Creators: name: Hermosa-Muñoz, L.
name: Cazzoli, S.
name: Márquez, I.
name: Masegosa, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-Ionisation Nuclear Emission-line Regions (LINERs) are the least luminous and the most numerous among the local population of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). They can be classified as type-1 or type-2 if their optical spectra show or do not show, respectively, a broad component. It is associated with the presence of a Broad Line Region (BLR) in these systems. However, recent studies have proven that the classification of type-1 LINERs may be controversial, since space- and ground-based spectroscopy provide contradicting results on the presence of very broad components (Cazzoli et al. 2018). We have studied the nuclear spectra of 9 type-2 LINERs with intermediate spectral resolution HST/STIS data. We present the results on our analysis of the different spectral components, and discuss the eventual presence of BLR components in type-2 LINER galaxies, together with the possible presence of outflows, both in comparison with type-1 LINERs. We have found a BLR component in 7 out of the 9 analysed objects within the HST/STIS data.
description: Proceedings for the IAU Symposium 356, "Nuclear activity in galaxies across cosmic time". Based on Hermosa-Mu\~noz et al. 2020, accepted for publication in A&A (arxiv:2001.02955)
Mechanical versus thermodynamical melting in pressure-induced amorphization: the role of defects
Creators: name: Bustingorry, S.
name: Jagla, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically an atomistic model which is shown to exhibit a one--step crystal--to--amorphous transition upon decompression. The amorphous phase cannot be distinguished from the one obtained by quenching from the melt. For a perfectly crystalline starting sample, the transition occurs at a pressure at which a shear phonon mode destabilizes, and triggers a cascade process leading to the amorphous state. When defects are present, the nucleation barrier is greatly reduced and the transformation occurs very close to the extrapolation of the melting line to low temperatures. In this last case, the transition is not anticipated by the softening of any phonon mode. Our observations reconcile different claims in the literature about the underlying mechanism of pressure amorphization.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Intensifying the intensity illusion in judgments of learning : modality and cue combinations
Creators: name: Peynircioglu, Zehra
name: Tatz, Joshua R.
Publisher: name: Memory and Cognition
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5204
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology

description: We showed that judgments of learning (JOLs) were not affected by presentation modality in a list-learning task, although the typical font-size and loudness illusions emerged in that large-font visual presentations and loud auditory presentations elicited higher JOLs than their less intense counterparts. Further, when items were presented in both modalities simultaneously, large-font/quiet and small-font/loud items received similar JOLs (and were recalled similarly). Most importantly, when the intensity manipulation was compounded across modalities, the magnitude of the illusion increased beyond that observed in a single modality, showing the influence of combining cues. Whereas recall was still the same, large-font/loud items received higher JOLs than either small-font/loud items or large-font/quiet items, and not-intense items received very low JOLs. These differences emerged only when all conditions were presented within a single list and not in a between-subjects design, underscoring the importance of comparative judgments.
Qubits entanglement dynamics modified by an effective atomic environment
Creators: name: Sainz, I.
name: Klimov, A. B.
name: Roa, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study entanglement dynamics of a couple of two-level atoms resonantly interacting with a cavity mode and embedded in a dispersive atomic environment. We show that in the absence of the environment the entanglement reaches its maximum value when only one exitation is involved. Then, we find that the atomic environment modifies that entanglement dynamics and induces a typical collapse-revival structure even for an initial one photon Fock state of the field.
description: eight pages, two figure included
Effective geometry in Astrophysics
Creators: name: Bergliaffa, Santiago E. Perez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective metric is introduced by means of two examples (non-linear electromagnetism and hydrodynamics),along with applications in Astrophysics. A sketch of the generality of the effect is also given.
description: 9 pages, contributions for the proceedings of the First International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics (IWARA 2003), Olinda (Brazil)
Informal accountability in children’s service networks : The role of frontline workers
Creators: name: LeRoux, Kelly
name: Piatak, Jaclyn
name: Romzek, Barbara
name: Johnston, Jocelyn
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: A central concern in networked service delivery is the potential loss of accountability as network actors may pursue singular organizational goals over collective network goals. Despite the critical role-played by frontline workers in implementing network policy goals, previous research has overlooked their influence on network accountability. How do frontline workers impact accountability in networked service delivery? Drawing on theories of informal accountability and street-level bureaucracy, we address this question through an empirical study of children’s service networks. We find professional norms and discretionary behavior exercised by frontline workers help to contribute to provider network’s informal accountability structure in important ways.
Azimuthal Asymmetries in Heavy Quark Leptoproduction as a Test of pQCD
Creators: name: Ivanov, N. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the perturbative and parametric stability of the QCD predictions for the azimuthal asymmetries in heavy quark leptoproduction. At leading order, the $\cos ϕ$ asymmetry vanishes whereas the $\cos 2ϕ$ one is of leading twist and predicted to be about 15% at energies sufficiently above the production threshold. We calculate the NLO soft-gluon corrections to $ϕ$-dependent leptoproduction to the next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. The soft-gluon approximation provides a good description of the available exact NLO results at $Q^{2}\lesssim m^{2}$. Our analysis shows that, contrary to the production cross sections, the $\cos 2ϕ$ asymmetry is practically insensitive to soft radiation for $Q^{2}\lesssim m^{2}$ at energies of the fixed target experiments. We conclude that the $\cos 2ϕ$ asymmetry is well defined in pQCD: it is stable both perturbatively and parametrically, and insensitive (in the case of bottom production) to nonperturbative contributions. Measurements of the azimuthal asymmetries would provide an excellent test of pQCD applicability to heavy flavor production.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, revtex, minor corrections, to appear in Nucl.Phys.B
Additional file 1 of Exploring barriers and facilitators to PrEP use among transgender women in two urban areas: implications for messaging and communication
Creators: name: Bass, Sarah Bauerle
name: Kelly, Patrick J.
name: Brajuha, Jesse
name: Gutierrez-Mock, Luis
name: Koester, Kimberly
name: D’Avanzo, Paul
name: Sevelius, Jae
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 1. Sociodemographic survey.
MaxEnt assisted MaxLik tomography
Creators: name: Rehacek, J.
name: Hradil, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maximum likelihood estimation is a valuable tool often applied to inverse problems in quantum theory. Estimation from small data sets can, however, have non unique solutions. We discuss this problem and propose to use Jaynes maximum entropy principle to single out the most unbiased maximum-likelihood guess.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, presented at MaxEnt conference in Jackson, WY, 2003
Informal accountability in children’s service networks : The role of frontline workers
Creators: name: LeRoux, Kelly
name: Piatak, Jaclyn
name: Romzek, Barbara
name: Johnston, Jocelyn
Publisher: name: Human Service Organizations Management, Leadership and Governance
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services

description: A central concern in networked service delivery is the potential loss of accountability as network actors may pursue singular organizational goals over collective network goals. Despite the critical role-played by frontline workers in implementing network policy goals, previous research has overlooked their influence on network accountability. How do frontline workers impact accountability in networked service delivery? Drawing on theories of informal accountability and street-level bureaucracy, we address this question through an empirical study of children’s service networks. We find professional norms and discretionary behavior exercised by frontline workers help to contribute to provider network’s informal accountability structure in important ways.
Modeling of soil erosion risk in a typical tropical savannah landscape
Creators: name: Asempah, Mawuli
name: Shisanya, Christopher Allan
name: Schütt, Brigitta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Erosion risk prediction
subject: Potential erosion risk
subject: RUSLE model
subject: Soil degradation
subject: Soil erosion damage
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Tropical savannah landscapes are faced with high soil degradation due to climate change and variability coupled with anthropogenic factors. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of this is not sufficiently understood particularly, in the tropical savannah contexts. Using the Wa municipality of Ghana as a case, we applied the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to predict the potential and actual soil erosion risk for 1990 and 2020. Rainfall, soil, topography and land cover data were used as the input parameters. The rate of predicted potential erosion was in the range of 0–111 t ha−1yr−1 and 0–83 t ha−1yr−1 for the years 1990 and 2020, respectively. The prediction for the rate of potential soil erosion risk was generally higher than the actual estimated soil erosion risk which ranges from 0 to 59 t ha−1yr−1 in 1990 and 0 to 58 t ha−1yr−1 in 2020. The open savannah areas accounted for 75.8 % and 73.2 % of the total soil loss in 1990 and 2020, respectively. The validity of the result was tested using in situ data from a 2 km2 each of closed savannah, open savannah and settlement area. By statistical correlation, the predicted soil erosion risk by the model corresponds to the spatial extent of erosion damages measured in the selected area for the validation. Primarily, areas with steep slopes, particularly within settlement, were identified to have the highest erosion risk. These findings underscore the importance of vegetation cover and effective management practices in preventing soil erosion. The results are useful for inferences towards the development and implementation of sustainable soil conservation practice in landscapes with similar attributes.
Constant depth fault-tolerant Clifford circuits for multi-qubit large block codes
Creators: name: Zheng, Yi-Cong
name: Lai, Ching-Yi
name: Brun, Todd A.
name: Kwek, Leong-Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) schemes using large block codes that encode $k>1$ qubits in $n$ physical qubits can potentially reduce the resource overhead to a great extent because of their high encoding rate. However, the fault-tolerant (FT) logical operations for the encoded qubits are difficult to find and implement, which usually takes not only a very large resource overhead but also long $\textit{in-situ}$ computation time. In this paper, we focus on Calderbank-Shor-Steane $[\![ n,k,d ]\!]$ (CSS) codes and their logical FT Clifford circuits. We show that the depth of an arbitrary logical Clifford circuit can be implemented fault-tolerantly in $O(1)$ steps \emph{in-situ} via either Knill or Steane syndrome measurement circuit, with the qualified ancilla states efficiently prepared. Particularly, for those codes satisfying $k/n\sim Θ(1)$, the resource scaling for Clifford circuits implementation on the logical level can be the same as on the physical level up to a constant, which is independent of code distance $d$. With a suitable pipeline to produce ancilla states, our scheme requires only a modest resource cost in physical qubits, physical gates, and computation time for very large scale FTQC.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. This paper supersedes the previous arXiv:1805.12082 by authors; v2:published version
Additional file 2 of Exploring barriers and facilitators to PrEP use among transgender women in two urban areas: implications for messaging and communication
Creators: name: Bass, Sarah Bauerle
name: Kelly, Patrick J.
name: Brajuha, Jesse
name: Gutierrez-Mock, Luis
name: Koester, Kimberly
name: D’Avanzo, Paul
name: Sevelius, Jae
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 2. Focus group moderators guide.
Electromagnetic fields and nanoenergetic particles in reacting flows
Creators: name: Kritikos, Efstratios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: To increase the environmental sustainability of the transportation and energy generation sectors, new technologies must be developed. This research provides a theoretical and numerical investigation of multiphysics phenomena in reacting flows as a possible path for innovation towards more effective control of reacting flows. The main focus is on the interaction of reacting flows with electromagnetic fields and nanoenergetic particles across a range of scales. First, quantum mechanics computations of hydrocarbon oxidation reactions are performed. Results show that electric fields affect the electronic structure of the transition states, leading to catalysis or inhibition. The electron distribution is also affected by strong magnetic fields, as a consequence of the induced currents. Second, reactive molecular dynamics simulations of hydrocarbon oxidation are performed. Findings indicate that electrostatic fields affect the collision frequency and translational, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom of reactants and products. The Lorentz force could introduce stabilization and alignment effects. Results also highlight the impact of the used charge equilibration method on the prediction of the system's electrodynamics. Conversely, the magnetic response of hydrocarbon kinetics was negligible. Subsequently, the behaviour of metal nanoparticles, either as fuel substitutes or fuel additives, under external electric fields is analyzed. Nanoparticles act as catalysts in the dissociation process of heavy hydrocarbon and oxygen molecules. External electric fields can further increase the reactivity of the system. Moreover, the negatively charged absorbed species diffuse along the surface under the Lorentz forces, causing anisotropic chemical compositions and shell thicknesses in the nanoparticle. Lastly, to study the electromagnetic field effects in reacting flows at macroscales, a computational fluid dynamics code is developed. The numerical framework describes electromagnetic wave interactions with neutrals, ions, and electrons, considering classical electrodynamics and quantum mechanical effects. Results show that electrostatic and inhomogeneous magnetostatic fields can significantly influence the reacting flow. Additionally, for sufficiently high ion and electron concentration and mobility, time-dependent electromagnetic waves are induced. This research offers a comprehensive evaluation of multiphysics phenomena at the quantum, atomistic, and macroscopic levels, with the potential of inspiring novel technologies for the propulsion and power generation sectors.
Identification of a DNA N6-Adenine Methyltransferase complex and its impact on Chromatin organization
Creators: name: Beh, Leslie Y.
name: Debelouchina, Galia T.
name: Clay, Derek M.
name: Thompson, Robert E.
name: Lindblad, Kelsi A.
name: Hutton, Elizabeth R.
name: Bracht, John
name: Sebra, Robert P.
name: Muir, Tom W.
name: Landweber, Laura F.
Publisher: name: Cell
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) has recently been described in diverse eukaryotes, spanning unicellular organisms to metazoa. Here, we report a DNA 6mA methyltransferase complex in ciliates, termed MTA1c. It consists of two MT-A70 proteins and two homeobox-like DNA-binding proteins and specifically methylates dsDNA. Disruption of the catalytic subunit, MTA1, in the ciliate Oxytricha leads to genome-wide loss of 6mA and abolishment of the consensus ApT dimethylated motif. Mutants fail to complete the sexual cycle, which normally coincides with peak MTA1 expression. We investigate the impact of 6mA on nucleosome occupancy in vitro by reconstructing complete, full-length Oxytricha chromosomes harboring 6mA in native or ectopic positions. We show that 6mA directly disfavors nucleosomes in vitro in a local, quantitative manner, independent of DNA sequence. Furthermore, the chromatin remodeler ACF can overcome this effect. Our study identifies a diverged DNA N6-adenine methyltransferase and defines the role of 6mA in chromatin organization.
Identification of a DNA N6-Adenine Methyltransferase complex and its impact on Chromatin organization
Creators: name: Beh, Leslie Y.
name: Debelouchina, Galia T.
name: Clay, Derek M.
name: Thompson, Robert E.
name: Lindblad, Kelsi A.
name: Hutton, Elizabeth R.
name: Bracht, John
name: Sebra, Robert P.
name: Muir, Tom W.
name: Landweber, Laura F.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) has recently been described in diverse eukaryotes, spanning unicellular organisms to metazoa. Here, we report a DNA 6mA methyltransferase complex in ciliates, termed MTA1c. It consists of two MT-A70 proteins and two homeobox-like DNA-binding proteins and specifically methylates dsDNA. Disruption of the catalytic subunit, MTA1, in the ciliate Oxytricha leads to genome-wide loss of 6mA and abolishment of the consensus ApT dimethylated motif. Mutants fail to complete the sexual cycle, which normally coincides with peak MTA1 expression. We investigate the impact of 6mA on nucleosome occupancy in vitro by reconstructing complete, full-length Oxytricha chromosomes harboring 6mA in native or ectopic positions. We show that 6mA directly disfavors nucleosomes in vitro in a local, quantitative manner, independent of DNA sequence. Furthermore, the chromatin remodeler ACF can overcome this effect. Our study identifies a diverged DNA N6-adenine methyltransferase and defines the role of 6mA in chromatin organization.
On the orbital evolution of 2020 AV2, the first asteroid ever observed to go around the Sun inside the orbit of Venus
Creators: name: Marcos, C. de la Fuente
name: Marcos, R. de la Fuente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The innermost section of the Solar system has not been extensively studied because minor bodies moving inside Earth's orbit tend to spend most of their sidereal orbital periods at very low solar elongation, well away from the areas more frequently observed by programs searching for near-Earth objects. The survey carried out from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is the first one that has been able to detect multiple asteroids well detached from the direct gravitational perturbation of the Earth-Moon system. ZTF discoveries include 2019 AQ3 and 2019 LF6, two Atiras with the shortest periods among known asteroids. Here, we perform an assessment of the orbital evolution of 2020 AV2, an Atira found by ZTF with a similarly short period but following a path contained entirely within the orbit of Venus. This property makes it the first known member of the elusive Vatira population. Genuine Vatiras, those long-term dynamically stable, are thought to be subjected to the so-called von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillation that protects them against close encounters with both Mercury and Venus. However, 2020 AV2 appears to be a former Atira that entered the Vatira orbital domain relatively recently. It displays an anticoupled oscillation of the values of eccentricity and inclination, but the value of the argument of perihelion may circulate. Simulations show that 2020 AV2 might reach a 3:2 resonant orbit with Venus in the future, activating the von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai mechanism, which in turn opens the possibility to the existence of a long-term stable population of Vatiras trapped in this configuration.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Revised to match the version published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
On the validity of the Boltzmann equation to describe low density granular systems
Creators: name: Brey, J. Javier
name: Ruiz-Montero, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The departure of a granular gas in the instable region of parameters from the initial homogeneous cooling state is studied. Results from Molecular Dynamics and from Direct Monte Carlo simulation of the Boltzmann equation are compared. It is shown that the Boltzmann equation accurately predicts the low density limit of the system. The relevant role played by the parallelization of the velocities as time proceeds and the dependence of this effect on the density is analyzed in detail.
Assisted hopping and interaction effects in impurity models
Creators: name: Borda, L.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, using Numerical Renormalization Group methods, the generalization of the Anderson impurity model where the hopping depends on the filling of the impurity. We show that the model, for sufficiently large values of the assisted hopping term, shows a regime where local pairing correlations are enhanced. These correlations involve pairs fluctuating between on site and nearest neighbor positions.
Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud – IV. : Evidence for multiple populations in Hodge 11 and NGC 2210
Creators: name: Gilligan, Christina K.
name: Chaboyer, Brian
name: Cummings, Jeffrey D.
name: Mackey, Dougal
name: Cohen, Roger E.
name: Geisler, Douglas
name: Grocholski, Aaron J.
name: Parisi, M.C.
name: Sarajedini, Ata
name: Ventura, Paolo
name: Villanova, Sandro
name: Yang, Soung-Chul
name: Wagner-Kaiser, Rachel
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We present a multiple population search in two old Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Globular clusters, Hodge 11 and NGC 2210. This work uses data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope from programme GO- 14164 in Cycle 23. Both of these clusters exhibit a broadened main sequence with the second population representing (20±~5) per cent forNGC2210 and (30±~5) per cent forHodge 11. In both clusters, the smaller population is redder than the primary population, suggesting CNO variations. Hodge 11 also displays a bluer second population in the horizontal branch, which is evidence for helium enhancement. However, even though NGC 2210 shows similarities to Hodge 11 in the main sequence, there does not appear to be a second population on NGC 2210's horizontal branch. This is the first photometric evidence that ancient LMC Globular clusters exhibit multiple stellar populations.
A High Temperature Calcium Vapor Cell for Spectroscopy on the 4s^2 1S0 to 4s4p 3P1 Intercombination Line
Creators: name: Erickson, Christopher J.
name: Neyenhuis, Brian
name: Durfee, Dallin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have demonstrated a high temperature vapor cell for absorption spectroscopy on the Ca intercombination line. The cell uses a dual chamber design to achieve the high temperatures necessary for an optically dense vapor while avoiding the necessity of high temperature vacuum valves and glass-to-metal seals. We have observed over 50 percent absorption in a single pass through the cell. Although pressure broadening in the cell prevented us from performing saturated-absorption spectroscopy, the broadening resulted in higher signal-to-noise ratios by allowing us to probe the atoms with intensities much greater than the 0.2 uW/cm^2 saturation intensity of the unbroadened transition.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Rev. Sci. Instrum
Additional file 4 of Exploring barriers and facilitators to PrEP use among transgender women in two urban areas: implications for messaging and communication
Creators: name: Bass, Sarah Bauerle
name: Kelly, Patrick J.
name: Brajuha, Jesse
name: Gutierrez-Mock, Luis
name: Koester, Kimberly
name: D’Avanzo, Paul
name: Sevelius, Jae
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 4. Sample quotes by focus group themes and sub themes.
Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud – IV. : Evidence for multiple populations in Hodge 11 and NGC 2210
Creators: name: Gilligan, Christina K.
name: Chaboyer, Brian
name: Cummings, Jeffrey D.
name: Mackey, Dougal
name: Cohen, Roger E.
name: Geisler, Douglas
name: Grocholski, Aaron J.
name: Parisi, M.C.
name: Sarajedini, Ata
name: Ventura, Paolo
name: Villanova, Sandro
name: Yang, Soung-Chul
name: Wagner-Kaiser, Rachel
Publisher: name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5101
subject: Astronomical sciences

description: We present a multiple population search in two old Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Globular clusters, Hodge 11 and NGC 2210. This work uses data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope from programme GO- 14164 in Cycle 23. Both of these clusters exhibit a broadened main sequence with the second population representing (20±~5) per cent forNGC2210 and (30±~5) per cent forHodge 11. In both clusters, the smaller population is redder than the primary population, suggesting CNO variations. Hodge 11 also displays a bluer second population in the horizontal branch, which is evidence for helium enhancement. However, even though NGC 2210 shows similarities to Hodge 11 in the main sequence, there does not appear to be a second population on NGC 2210's horizontal branch. This is the first photometric evidence that ancient LMC Globular clusters exhibit multiple stellar populations.
Strong Coupling vs. 4-D Locality in Induced Gravity
Creators: name: Porrati, M.
name: Rombouts, J. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-examine the problem of strong coupling in a regularized version of DGP (or ``brane-induced'') gravity. We find that the regularization of ref. hep-th/0304148 differs from DGP in that it does not exhibit strong coupling or ghosts up to cubic order in the interactions. We suggest that the nonlocal nature of the theory, when written in terms of the 4-D metric, is a plausible reason for this phenomenon. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible behavior of the model at higher-order in perturbation theory.
description: 19 pages, accepted for publication in PRD