cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Segmentina J. Fleming 1818
Creators: name: Anistratenko, V. V.
name: Furyk, Yu. I.
name: Anistratenko, O. Yu.
name: Degtyarenko, E. V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Planorbidae
Segmentina

description: Genus Segmentina J. Fleming, 1818 Type species: Nautilus lacustris Lightfoot, 1786 = Planorbis nitidus O. F. Müller, 1774
description: Published as part of Anistratenko, V. V., Furyk, Yu. I., Anistratenko, O. Yu. & Degtyarenko, E. V., 2019, A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian, pp. 349-374 in Vestnik Zoologii 53 (5) on page 369, DOI: 10.2478/vzoo-2019-0033, http://zenodo.org/record/6949164
title:  Coping Self-efficacy as a Potential Moderator of the Relationship Between Sexual Orientation and Negative Mental Health Outcomes
Creators: name: Macchia, James M.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Sexual minority individuals (i.e., those who identify as a sexual orientation other than heterosexual) have consistently been linked to an increased risk of negative mental health outcomes. The process of coping can impact the content and severity of said outcomes, and one’s ability to cope is often predicted by the concept known as coping self-efficacy (i.e., one’s belief in his or her ability to cope). This study aimed to assess the effects of sexual orientation, coping self-efficacy, and their interactions on mental health by looking at different aspects of coping self-efficacy as potential moderating variables. Self-perceptions of coping skills were assessed across three domains; problem-solving, stopping of unpleasant thoughts and emotions, and garnering social support. Mental health variables were evaluated by using measures assessing depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts/behaviors (STBs), and alcohol use. Archival data were collected via a large single time point survey. Data were gathered from a community sample consisting of members of the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom (NCSF), an organization dedicated to protecting the sexual freedom and privacy rights of consenting adults. Hypotheses were tested through t-tests, analyses of variance, and general linear modeling. Results evidenced an increased prevalence of mental health symptoms among sexual minority individuals when compared to heterosexual counterparts.
Segmentina nitida
Creators: name: Anistratenko, V. V.
name: Furyk, Yu. I.
name: Anistratenko, O. Yu.
name: Degtyarenko, E. V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Planorbidae
Segmentina
Segmentina nitida

description: Segmentina nitida (O. F. Müller, 1774) (fig. 4, 15–17) D i s t r i b u t i o n. Global range of this species covers Europe and the Western Siberia (Vinarski, Kantor, 2016). In Ukraine S. nitida is known from the Polissya, Forest-Steppe, Steppe zones and Crimea (Anistratenko, Chernogorenko, 1989; Stadnichenko, 1990). It was recently registered in the Transcarpathian Region (Anistratenko et al., 2018). Additionally in the malacological collection of State Museum of Natural History in Lviv are found two lots labeled as S. nitida which sampled in Transcarpathia in 2004 (Furyk, 2018). Since the records of S. nitida are limited in Ukrainian Transcarpathia by a very few locations, we assume that it is a regionally rare species; at least we found S. nitida in only one locality (14). Remarks. We found the population of S. nitida in a roadside canal (table 1) with warm water (T = 25.7 °С) located in lowland area, (110 m a. s. l.); density of this community was about 20–30 individuals per m 2. Molluscs were crawling among the stalks and leaves of Iris pseudacorus L.
description: Published as part of Anistratenko, V. V., Furyk, Yu. I., Anistratenko, O. Yu. & Degtyarenko, E. V., 2019, A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian, pp. 349-374 in Vestnik Zoologii 53 (5) on pages 369-370, DOI: 10.2478/vzoo-2019-0033, http://zenodo.org/record/6949164
description: {"references": ["Vinarski, M. V., Kantor, Yu. I. 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow, 1 - 544.", "Stadnichenko A. P. 1990. Fauna Ukraine: In 40 vol. Vol. 29: Mollusca. Fasc. 4: Lymnaeiformes (physids, bulinids, planorbids). Naukova dumka, Kiev, 1 - 282 [In Russian].", "Anistratenko, V. V., Vinarski, M. V., Anistratenko, O. Yu., Furyk, Yu. I., Degtyarenko, E. V. 2018. New data on pond snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) inhabiting the Ukrainian Transcarpathian: diversity, distribution and ecology. Ecologica Montenegrina, 18, 1 - 14.", "Furyk, Y. I. 2018. Freshwater molluscs from Transcarpathia (Tisa river basin) in malacological collections of Ukraine. GEO & BIO, 16, 115 - 122 [In Ukrainian]."]}
title: Assessment of Coordination and Proprioception in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Jones, Taylor Kristina
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social and communicative delays. It is known that those with ASD exhibit lower activity levels and decreased proprioception to some extent. The biomechanics of movement in ASD has not been assessed thoroughly enough to provide information on ASD specific movement patterns, and no studies have been performed examining work and recovery. The purpose of this study is to examine whether 1) inter-limb and intra-limb coordination patterns during walking and running differ between youth with ASD and neurotypical sex, age, and BMI-matched controls. Youth with ASD (N=8) and their BMI, age, and sex matched controls (N=8) performed walking at their self-selected speed and also at a standardized speed of 1.3 m/s for at least five trials each. An eight-camera motion capture system was used to collect three-dimensional (3D) kinematics for each subject. After in-lab data collection, subjects were given an accelerometer to wear to measure physical activity levels over a span of at least four days. To analyze the data, angle-angle plots were constructed for the left upper-arm and right thigh, and right shank-foot. Vector coding was used to obtain coupling angle and coupling angle variability information. No significant differences existed in coordination patterns or physical activity levels between the two groups. Upper-arm dominance and anti-phase upper arm/thigh patterns were significantly related to minutes of vigorous physical activity (Rho: -0.63, p<0.01 & Rho: 0.58, p=0.02, respectively). According to these results, there are no differences in coordination between those with and without ASD.
Segmentina montgazoniana Bourguignat
Creators: name: Anistratenko, V. V.
name: Furyk, Yu. I.
name: Anistratenko, O. Yu.
name: Degtyarenko, E. V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Planorbidae
Segmentina
Segmentina montgazoniana

description: Segmentina montgazoniana Bourguignat in Servain, 1881 (fig. 4, 18–20) D i s t r i b u t i o n. In the Transcarpathia S. montgazoniana is registered for the first time and is a formally new species for the regional fauna. Currently its populations are found in two localities: 6 and 7 (fig. 1, table 1). In Ukraine S. montgazoniana is known from the Polissya and Forest-Steppe zones (Anistratenko, Chernogorenko, 1989; Stadnichenko, 1990). Global distribution — Europe (Vinarski, Kantor, 2016). Remarks. In the Transcarpathia S. montgazoniana occur in shallow permanent waterbodies (rivers and their floodplains) on vegetation within the lowland area (ca. 100 m a. s. l.) (table 1, 2). European authors usually consider diversity of Segmentina as confined to one morphologically variable species, S. nitida (Falkner et al., 2001; Glöer, 2002; Welter-Schultes, 2012). However, some anatomical and conchological differences allow distinguishing among this group several separate species (Kruglov, Soldatenko, 1997) of which S. montgazoniana is recorded in the studied region.
description: Published as part of Anistratenko, V. V., Furyk, Yu. I., Anistratenko, O. Yu. & Degtyarenko, E. V., 2019, A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian, pp. 349-374 in Vestnik Zoologii 53 (5) on page 370, DOI: 10.2478/vzoo-2019-0033, http://zenodo.org/record/6949164
description: {"references": ["Stadnichenko A. P. 1990. Fauna Ukraine: In 40 vol. Vol. 29: Mollusca. Fasc. 4: Lymnaeiformes (physids, bulinids, planorbids). Naukova dumka, Kiev, 1 - 282 [In Russian].", "Vinarski, M. V., Kantor, Yu. I. 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow, 1 - 544.", "Falkner, G., Bank R. A., Proschwitz, T. von. 2001. Check-list of the non-marine molluscan species-group taxa of the states of Northern, Atlantic and Central Europe (CLECOM I). Heldia (Munchner Malakologische Mitteilungen), 4 (1 / 2), 1 - 76.", "Gloer, P. 2002. Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Bestimmungsschlussel, Lebensweise, Verbreitung. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 73. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 1 - 327.", "Welter-Schultes, F. W. 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 1 - 674.", "Kruglov, N. D., Soldatenko, E. V. 1997. Revisiya roda Segmentina (Planorbidae) (A revision of the genus Segmentina (Planorbidae )). Ruthenica, 7 (2), 111 - 132 [In Russian]."]}
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 25.09.1953, erstellt am Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe, Kärnten
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Bleistift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage im Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe in Sattendorf, Österreich. Später wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Heliostat mit Refraktor Eigenbau (Öffnung 110mm, f = 1650mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25cm)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 18562.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 19.10.1953, erstellt von Helmut Müller
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Cockerellidia Lelej & Krombein 1999
Creators: name: Williams, Kevin A.
name: Lelej, Arkady S.
name: Okayasu, Juriya
name: Borkent, Christopher J.
name: Malee, Rufeah
name: Thoawan, Kodeeyah
name: Thaochan, Narit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Cockerellidia

description: Genus 16. Cockerellidia Lelej & Krombein, 1999
Diagnosis. FEMALE. Immediately recognizable by the large red-brown head, small eyes, laterally swollen mesonotum, and dense elongate setae covering the body. See Lelej and Krombein (1999) for additional traits. MALE. Unknown.
Diversity and Distribution. One species from northern Thailand.
Remarks. Cockerellidia sohmi (Cockerell, 1928) (Fig. 15) is known only from the unique type collected in an uncertain locality of northern Thailand: “ Siam near Mecatin”. It is similar to the following genus, Karlidia Lelej in Lelej & Krombein, 1999, which was described in the same publication. The most recent phylogenetic reconstruction (Brothers & Lelej 2017) indicates that Cockerellidia and Karlidia belong to the subtribe Ephutina of the tribe Mutillini in subfamily Mutillinae, rather than Sphaeropthalminae. The unknown males of these genera are likely to be confused with Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 or Yamanetilla Lelej, 1996.
description: Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah & Thaochan, Narit, 2019, The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4602 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
Investigation of the early stages of human γD-crystallin aggregation process
Creators: name: Chih-Kai Chang
name: Wang, Steven S.-S.
name: Chun-Hsien Lo
name: Hsiang-Chun Hsiao
name: Wu, Josephine W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Cataract, a major cause of visual impairment worldwide, is a common disease of the eye lens related to protein aggregation. Several factors including the exposure of ultraviolet irradiation and possibly acidic condition may induce the unfolding and subsequent aggregation of the crystallin proteins leading to crystalline lens opacification. Human γD-crystallin (HγDC), a 173 residue monomeric protein, abundant in the nucleus of the human eye lens, has been shown to aggregate and form amyloid fibrils under acidic conditions and that this aggregation route is thought to be a potential initiation pathway for the onset of age-related nuclear cataract. However, the underlying mechanism of fibril formation remains elusive. This report is aimed at examining the structural changes and possible amyloid fibril formation pathway of HγDC using molecular dynamics and molecular docking simulations. Our findings demonstrated that incubation of HγDC under the acidic condition redistributes the protein surface charges and affects the protein interaction with its surrounding solvent environment. This brings about a twist motion in the overall tertiary structure that gives rise to newly formed anti-parallel β-strands in the C-terminal flexible loop regions. The change in protein structural conformation also involves an alteration in specific salt-bridge interactions. Altogether, these findings revealed a plausible mechanism for amyloid fibril formation of HγDC that is important to the early stages of HγDC aggregation involved in cataractogenesis.
Karlidia Lelej in Lelej & Krombein 1999
Creators: name: Williams, Kevin A.
name: Lelej, Arkady S.
name: Okayasu, Juriya
name: Borkent, Christopher J.
name: Malee, Rufeah
name: Thoawan, Kodeeyah
name: Thaochan, Narit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Karlidia

description: Genus 17. Karlidia Lelej in Lelej & Krombein, 1999
Diagnosis. FEMALE. Immediately recognizable by the small black head, moderate eyes, laterally swollen mesonotum, and dense elongate setae covering the body. See Lelej and Krombein (1999) for additional traits. MALE. Unknown.
Diversity and Distribution. One species from northern Thailand and Myanmar *.
Remarks. Karlidia peterseni Lelej in Lelej & Krombein, 1999 (Fig. 16) was described from nearly 30 specimens collected in October 1979 in the Doi Suther-Pui National Park in Chiang Mai, Thailand. We have subsequently examined one additional female from the Doi Suther-Pui park collected in March 1958 (BPBM) and 16 ♀ from the Kayin State of Myanmar [Tenasserim, Sukli, 75 km E of Moulmein, 600 m, 27–31.X.1934, Malaise trap (FSCA, RMNH)].
description: Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah & Thaochan, Narit, 2019, The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4602 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
The formation of catalytically competent enzyme–substrate complex is not a bottleneck in lesion excision by human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase
Creators: name: N.A. Kuznetsov
name: A.S. Kiryutin
name: A.A. Kuznetsova
name: M.S. Panov
name: M.O. Barsukova
name: A.V. Yurkovskaya
name: O.S. Fedorova
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) protects DNA from alkylated and deaminated purine lesions. AAG flips out the damaged nucleotide from the double helix of DNA and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond to release the damaged base. To understand better, how the step of nucleotide eversion influences the overall catalytic process, we performed a pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of AAG interaction with specific DNA-substrates, 13-base pair duplexes containing in the 7th position 1-N6-ethenoadenine (εA), hypoxanthine (Hx), and the stable product analogue tetrahydrofuran (F). The combination of the fluorescence of tryptophan, 2-aminopurine, and 1-N6-ethenoadenine was used to record conformational changes of the enzyme and DNA during the processes of DNA lesion recognition, damaged base eversion, excision of the N-glycosidic bond, and product release. The thermal stability of the duplexes characterized by the temperature of melting, T m, and the rates of spontaneous opening of individual nucleotide base pairs were determined by NMR spectroscopy. The data show that the relative thermal stability of duplexes containing a particular base pair in position 7, (T m(F/T) T m(εA/T) T m(Hx/T) T m(A/T)) correlates with the rate of reversible spontaneous opening of the base pair. However, in contrast to that, the catalytic lesion excision rate is two orders of magnitude higher for Hx-containing substrates than for substrates containing εA, proving that catalytic activity is not correlated with the stability of the damaged base pair. Our study reveals that the formation of the catalytically competent enzyme–substrate complex is not the bottleneck controlling the catalytic activity of AAG.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 17.11.1953, erstellt am Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe, Kärnten
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Bleistift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage im Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe in Sattendorf, Österreich. Instrument: Heliostat mit Refraktor Eigenbau (Öffnung 110mm, f = 1650mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25cm)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 18515.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 28.08.1953, erstellt von Helmut Müller
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Später wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund auswärtiger Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 19.12.1953, erstellt am Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe, Kärnten
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Bleistift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage im Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe in Sattendorf, Österreich. Instrument: Heliostat mit Refraktor Eigenbau (Öffnung 110mm, f = 1650mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25cm)
Ancylus O. F. Muller 1773
Creators: name: Anistratenko, V. V.
name: Furyk, Yu. I.
name: Anistratenko, O. Yu.
name: Degtyarenko, E. V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Siphonariida
Planorbidae
Ancylus

description: Genus Ancylus O. F. Müller, 1773 Type species: Ancylus fluviatilis O. F. Müller, 1774
description: Published as part of Anistratenko, V. V., Furyk, Yu. I., Anistratenko, O. Yu. & Degtyarenko, E. V., 2019, A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian, pp. 349-374 in Vestnik Zoologii 53 (5) on page 370, DOI: 10.2478/vzoo-2019-0033, http://zenodo.org/record/6949164
Ancylus fluviatilis O. F. Muller 1774
Creators: name: Anistratenko, V. V.
name: Furyk, Yu. I.
name: Anistratenko, O. Yu.
name: Degtyarenko, E. V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Siphonariida
Planorbidae
Ancylus
Ancylus fluviatilis

description: Ancylus fluviatilis O. F. Müller, 1774 (fig. 4, 21–23) D i s t r i b u t i o n. In Ukraine A. fluviatilis is registered in all regions except Crimea (Anistratenko, Сhernogorenko, 1989; Stadnichenko, 1990). This river limpet was repeatedly recorded in the Transcarpathian Region (Zdun, 1960; Stadnichenko, Gyrin, 2011 b; Anistratenko et al., 2018) where it appears to be one of the most common and widespread pulmonate species — we found its populations in 7 localities: 12, 18, 19, 25, 28, 51 and 58 (table 1). Global distribution — Europe, Northern Africa and north-western Asia (Vinarski, Kantor, 2016). Remarks. According to our observations in Transcarpathia, this species inhabits shallow (up to 0.2 m) zone of springs and rivers in both lowland and mountainous areas in the altitude range 110–570 m a. s. l. (table 2). Limpets prefer clean and oxygen-rich conditions with hard, mostly rocky substrates on the surface of which they are firmly adhere.
description: Published as part of Anistratenko, V. V., Furyk, Yu. I., Anistratenko, O. Yu. & Degtyarenko, E. V., 2019, A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian, pp. 349-374 in Vestnik Zoologii 53 (5) on page 370, DOI: 10.2478/vzoo-2019-0033, http://zenodo.org/record/6949164
description: {"references": ["Stadnichenko A. P. 1990. Fauna Ukraine: In 40 vol. Vol. 29: Mollusca. Fasc. 4: Lymnaeiformes (physids, bulinids, planorbids). Naukova dumka, Kiev, 1 - 282 [In Russian].", "Zdun, V. I. 1960. On the fauna of Transcarpathian Mollusca, Naukovi Zapyski Lvivskogo naukovo-pryrodnychogo museyu AN URSR, 8, 83 - 95 [In Ukrainian].", "Stadnichenko, A. P., Gyrin, V. K. 2011 b. On fauna and ecology of fresh-water molluscs of the Transcarpathian (families Planorbidae, Valvatidae, Viviparidae, Hydrobiidae, Bithyniidae, Lithoglyphidae, Unionidae, Pisidiidae). Communication 2. Wyksztalcenie i nauka bez granic- 2011. Materialy VII Miedzynarodowej naukowi-praktycznej konferencji 07 - 15 grudnia 2011 roku, Vol. 25. Biologiczne nauki. Nauka i studia, Przemysl, 22 - 24 [In Russian].", "Anistratenko, V. V., Vinarski, M. V., Anistratenko, O. Yu., Furyk, Yu. I., Degtyarenko, E. V. 2018. New data on pond snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) inhabiting the Ukrainian Transcarpathian: diversity, distribution and ecology. Ecologica Montenegrina, 18, 1 - 14.", "Vinarski, M. V., Kantor, Yu. I. 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow, 1 - 544."]}
A. baumannii histone acetyl transferase Hpa2: optimization of homology modeling, analysis of protein–protein interaction and virtual screening
Creators: name: Tomar, Jyoti Singh
name: Peddinti, Rama Krishna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the current scenario, widespread multidrug resistivity in ESKAPE pathogens demands identification of novel drug targets to keep their infections at bay. For this purpose, we have identified a novel target Hpa2 of A. baumannii, a member of GNAT superfamily of HATs. But due to sequence identity of equal or less than 35%, the correct sequence alignment and construction of 3D monomeric and dimeric models of Hpa2 having optimal structural parameters is a troublesome task. To circumvent these problems, we have designed an easy and optimized protocol for Hpa2 monomer modeling, and for generation of dimeric Hpa2 model using data-driven protein–protein docking experiment. Improvement in the structural features of generated model is an onerous process and generally achieved by paying time and computational cost. Herein, it is achieved by reconciliation of FoldX commands which takes less time in execution. Evaluations performed to validate structural parameters and stability of monomeric and dimeric Hpa2 attests to its quality. Analysis of interfacial residues, energy terms and RMSD values indicated a clear correlation between experimental and theoretical interface properties of the dimers, corroborating to the regime used for Hpa2 dimer generation. Structural information from the refined models was used for virtual screening of substrate-derived library and polyamines to achieve a new platform for developing A. baumannii inhibitory molecules. Molecules showing preferential binding at the dimer interface could be used as allosteric inhibitors. Binding of polyamines with model illustrated the same binding pattern as described experimentally in case of yeast Hpa2.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 07.12.1953, erstellt am Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe, Kärnten
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Bleistift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage im Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhöhe in Sattendorf, Österreich. Später wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Heliostat mit Refraktor Eigenbau (Öffnung 110mm, f = 1650mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25cm)
Computation of parton distributions from the quasi-PDF approach at the physical point
Creators: name: Alexandrou, Constantia
name: Bacchio, Simone
name: Cichy, Krzysztof
name: Constantinou, Martha
name: Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Koutsou, Giannis
name: Scapellato, Aurora
name: Monti Steffens, Fernanda
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2017

description: We show the first results for parton distribution functions within the proton at the physical pion mass, employing the method of quasi-distributions. In particular, we present the matrix elements for the iso-vector combination of the unpolarized, helicity and transversity quasi-distributions, obtained with $N_f=2$ twisted mass clover-improved fermions and a proton boosted with momentum $|\vec{p}|=0.83\mbox{ GeV}$. The momentum smearing technique has been applied to improve the overlap with the proton boosted state. Moreover, we present the renormalized helicity matrix elements in the RI$'$ scheme, following the non-perturbative renormalization prescription recently developed by our group.
Odontomutilla Ashmead 1899
Creators: name: Williams, Kevin A.
name: Lelej, Arkady S.
name: Okayasu, Juriya
name: Borkent, Christopher J.
name: Malee, Rufeah
name: Thoawan, Kodeeyah
name: Thaochan, Narit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Odontomutilla

description: Genus 18. Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899
Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the Oriental region, females of Odontomutilla can be recognized by having the mesonotum laterally expanded, having T1 broadly disciform, having short and simple body setae, and having the T2 felt line forming an ovate densely-setose pit. MALE. Oriental males of Odontomutilla can be recognized by having the mesoscutellum bidentate posteriorly, the propodeum postero-lateral angle angulate or dentate, and T1 broadly disciform. Both sexes of Odontomutilla are larger-bodied (8–18 mm) than the structurally similar Yamanetilla (6–9 mm).
Diversity and Distribution. Over 100 species are recognized in this genus, occurring in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australasian regions (Bischoff 1920, Krombein 1971, Lelej 2005).
Remarks. Two species of Odontomutilla have been recorded from Thailand: O. cordigera (Sichel & Radoszkowski, 1869) and O. uranioides Mickel, 1933 (Fig. 18), but neither is known from southern Thailand (Lelej 2005, Okayasu et al. 2018).
description: Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah & Thaochan, Narit, 2019, The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4602 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
title: Short-Scale Construction Using Meta-Analytic Ant Colony Optimization
Creators: name: Schroeders, Ulrich
name: Morgenstern, Maximilian
name: Jankowsky, Kristin
name: Gnambs, Timo
Publisher: name: KOBRA Universität Kassel
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: need for cognition
subject: NCS-18
subject: meta-analytic structural equation modeling
subject: metaheuristic
subject: ant colony optimization
classificationCode: 150
subject: 150
classificationCode: Kognition
subject: Kognition
classificationCode: Denken
subject: Denken
classificationCode: Messung
subject: Messung
classificationCode: Verhaltensökonomie
subject: Verhaltensökonomie
classificationCode: Metaheuristik
subject: Metaheuristik
classificationCode: Ameisenalgorithmus
subject: Ameisenalgorithmus

description:
The Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) is a self-report scale measuring individual differences in the tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking. The shortened version with 18 items (NCS-18; Cacioppo et al., 1984) has widely been administered in research on persuasion, critical thinking, and educational achievement. Whereas most studies advocated for essential uni-dimensionality, the question remains which psychometric model yields the best representation of the NCS-18. In the present study, we compared six competing measurement models for the NCS-18 with meta-analytic structural equation models using summary data of 87 samples (N = 90,215). Results demonstrated that the negatively worded items introduced considerable measurement bias that was best accounted for with an acquiescence model. In a further analytical step, we showcased how the pooled correlation matrix can be used to compile short versions of the NCS-18 via Ant Colony Optimization. We examined model fit and reliability of short scales with varying item numbers (between 4 and 15) and a balanced ratio of positively and negatively worded items. We discuss the potentials and limits of the newly proposed method.
Sumcastec_180123_Na_Protocolwp3_Protocol_.Pdf_Rome_C. Merla_Partners And Public_Na
Creators: name: Casciati, Arianna
name: Tanori, Mirella
name: Tanno, Barbara
name: Merla, Caterina
name: Mariateresa Mancuso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: WP3 Task 3.2 Protocols: Protocol for CD133 cell surface staining (Antibody anti-Human CD133 130-098-826 MACS) and Glomax protocol.
Supplementary data for: Surface damage of perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone
Creators: name: Campbell, Oliver
name: Blenkinsop, Tom
name: Gilbert, Oscar
name: Mol, Lisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the surface damage caused by perpendicular and oblique impacts of bullets into sandstone and limestone targets. Individual bullets fired in conditions simulating modern rifles at typical combat distances excavated craters with diameters from 22 to 74 mm and depths from 4 to 24 mm. Limestone target craters were up to twice as large and deep as those in sandstone. These craters have a complex shape consisting of a central excavation surrounded by a shallow dish, compared to the simple bowl shape of most sandstone impacts. Radial fractures extending to the edge of the target block were common in limestone targets. Impacts at an angle of 45° to the surface in both rock types result in asymmetric craters. Two common types of ammunition were compared: the steel-tipped NATO projectile generally produced larger and deeper craters than the projectile that is commonly fired from AK-47 rifles, despite having approximately half the mass of the latter. These results characterise the sort of damage that can be expected at many sites of cultural significance involved in contemporary conflict zones, and have important implications for their conservation.
description: Funding provided by: Leverhulme Trust
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275
Award Number: RPG-2017-408
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 18534.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 16.09.1953, erstellt von Helmut Müller
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Effects of osmolytes on solvent features of water in aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Ferreira, Luisa A.
name: Breydo, Leonid
name: Reichardt, Christian
name: Uversky, Vladimir N.
name: Zaslavsky, Boris Y.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The solvatochromic solvent features of water (dipolarity/polarizability, π*, hydrogen bond donor acidity, α, and hydrogen bond acceptor basicity, β) of water have been determined in aqueous solutions of erythritol, glucose, inositol, sarcosine, xylitol and urea with concentrations from 0 to ~3 M and higher. The concentration effects of the osmolytes on the solvent features of water were characterized and compared with those reported previously for sorbitol, sucrose, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and trehalose. The solvent features of water in solutions of all osmolytes except TMAO and sarcosine were established to be linearly interrelated. It is shown that the concentration effects of essentially all nonionic osmolytes depend on osmolytes’ lipophilicity, molecular polarizability, and polar surface area. It is demonstrated that solubility of various compounds in aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, and urea of varied concentrations may be described in terms of solvent dipolarity/polarizability of water in these solutions. Surface tension of aqueous solutions of sucrose and sorbitol may also be described in the same terms. The relative permittivity of aqueous solutions of glucose and sucrose may be described in terms of the solvent hydrogen bond donor acidity of water. It is suggested that the effects of nonionic osmolytes on behavior of proteins and nucleic acids in aqueous media may be considered in terms of the altered solvent features of water instead of “nano-molecular crowding” effect.
Analysis of membership probabilities of nearby young moving groups using Gaia DR3.
Creators: name: Lad, Mamta
name: Blesson Mathew
name: Ujjwal Krishnan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Moving groups
Isochrones
good box

description: Past few decades have seen a remarkable rise in the study of nearby moving groups due to renowned all sky surveys using facilities such as 2MASS, WISE and Gaia. These groups of stars are said to be remnants of star clusters and are believed to have a common origin. They share a similar space motion, which is used to identify their memberships. In our study we analyse the membership probabilities of 13 such moving groups, using their astrometric data listed in Gaia DR3. We collected our initial sample from the literature, which is the best compiled list of moving group candidates available till date. The unparalleled accuracy of Gaia DR3 astrometry makes our analysis more reliable when compared to previous Gaia releases. We used Gaia DR3 photometry to estimate stellar parameters such as age of the moving group members. Interestingly, we found that age spread is significantly wide among the moving group members, in spite of their common origin. We observe the need to refined ‘good box’ criterion using UVW space velocity analysis of the moving groups.
Kurzenkotilla Lelej 2005
Creators: name: Williams, Kevin A.
name: Lelej, Arkady S.
name: Okayasu, Juriya
name: Borkent, Christopher J.
name: Malee, Rufeah
name: Thoawan, Kodeeyah
name: Thaochan, Narit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Kurzenkotilla

description: Genus 20. Kurzenkotilla Lelej, 2005
Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the Oriental region, this genus is unique in having the mesosomal sides parallel, T1 broad, and the T2 disc marked with two setal spots. See Lelej (2005) for additional diagnostic features. MALE. Unknown.
Diversity and Distribution. Two species from India, one from Afghanistan, and one, K. annamensis Lelej, 2005 (Fig. 17) from Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand (Chiang Mai).
Remarks. We have seen five Thai specimens of K. annamensis from Chiang Mai Province (EMUS, EUM).
description: Published as part of Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah & Thaochan, Narit, 2019, The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4602 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung, unnummeriert.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 25.10.1953, erstellt von R. Sasky am Skalnate Pleso Observatorium
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Zeichnung am Skalnate Pleso Observatorium. Es sind zudem statistische Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert. Instrument: unbekannt, Sonnenbild D = 25 cm
A. baumannii histone acetyl transferase Hpa2: Optimization of homology modelling, analysis of protein–protein interaction and virtual screening
Creators: name: Tomar, Jyoti Singh
name: Peddinti, Rama Krishna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the current scenario, widespread multidrug resistivity in ESKAPE pathogens demands identification of novel drug targets to keep their infections at bay. For this purpose, we have identified a novel target Hpa2 of A. baumannii, a member of GNAT superfamily of HATs. But due to sequence identity of equal or less than 35%, the correct sequence alignment and construction of 3D monomeric and dimeric models of Hpa2 having optimal structural parameters is a troublesome task. To circumvent these problems, we have designed an easy and optimized protocol for Hpa2 monomer modelling, and for generation of dimeric Hpa2 model using data-driven protein–protein docking experiment. Improvement in the structural features of generated model is an onerous process and generally achieved by paying time and computational cost. Herein, it is achieved by reconciliation of FoldX commands which takes less time in execution. Evaluations performed to validate structural parameters and stability of monomeric and dimeric Hpa2 attests to its quality. Analysis of interfacial residues, energy terms and RMSD values indicated a clear correlation between experimental and theoretical interface properties of the dimers, corroborating to the regime used for Hpa2 dimer generation. Structural information from the refined models was used for virtual screening of substrate-derived library and polyamines to achieve a new platform for developing A. baumannii inhibitory molecules. Molecules showing preferential binding at the dimer interface could be used as allosteric inhibitors. Binding of polyamines with model illustrated the same binding pattern as described experimentally in case of yeast Hpa2.
Development of an Analytical Framework for the CLEARING HOUSE case study research (D1.6)
Creators: name: Haase, Dagmar
name: da Schio, Nicola
name: Davies, Clive
name: Basnou, Corina
name: Tyrväinen, Liisa
name: Wolff, Manuel
name: Lafortezza, Raffaele
name: De Vreese, Rik
name: DeBellis, Yole
name: Scheuer, Sebastian
name: Chen, Wendy
name: Schanté, Joanne
name: Bergier, Tomasz
name: Winkel, Georg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Nature-based solutions
urban forest
typology
best practice NBS
governance
Analytical Framework

description: This short report, referred to as Deliverable 1.6 (D1.6), is a summary of key findings, an overview of, and a comparative perspective on relevant governance, institutional and economic frameworks in China and Europe for urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF-NBS). It bases on work realised in WP1 and on a Sino-European co-design event. In the context of UF-NBS and the CLEARING HOUSE project, urban forest patterns, governance structures, institutional and economic frameworks are interlocking at various spatial levels. Task 1.5 merges the key findings of the Tasks 1.1 to 1.4 together with the findings of the exploratory analysis of the case studies (Task 2.1 in WP2; da Schio et al. 2021) and the inputs gathered from the co-design process (Task 3.1; De Vreese et al. 2021) into an analytical framework for a systematic and participatory study and implementation of UF-NBS and their effects and impacts on the urban socio-ecological system, including socio-cultural, ecological, and economic aspects. Topics addressed by the analytical framework will include ecosystem patterns and functioning, tree- and biodiversity, ecosystem services provisioning, impacts on human wellbeing (including socio-environmental justice, urban liveability, equality, social inclusion and gender and public health), climate change adaptation and the cost-effectiveness of UF-NBS in cities and their periurban surroundings. The analytical framework will highlight the contribution of different disciplines through assigned thematic experts from CLEARING HOUSE and give guidance for analysing existing planning instruments and monitoring schemes. It is preliminary structured in four streams, for the purpose of splitting and organising the work in WP2 and in the case studies. All four streams are interconnected, both in terms of the theme they cover and in terms of the activities planned.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 03.11.1953, erstellt von J. Delange, Observatoire Royal de Belgique in Uccle
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Zeichnung auf eigener, gedruckter Vorlage in Uccle.
Instrument: Merz-Grubb Refraktor Teleskop (Öffnung 160 mm, f = 2450 mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25 cm)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung, unnummeriert.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 14.08.1953, erstellt von Horst Künzel, Astrophysikalisches Observatorium in Potsdam
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Bleistift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage im Astrophysikalischen Observatorium in Potsdam. Instrument: Astrograph
Influence of V54M mutation in giant muscle protein titin: a computational screening and molecular dynamics approach
Creators: name: D. Thirumal Kumar
name: C. George Priya Doss
name: P. Sneha
name: Tayubi, Iftikhar Aslam
name: R. Siva
name: Chiranjib Chakraborty
name: R. Magesh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Recent genetic studies have revealed the impact of mutations in associated genes for cardiac sarcomere components leading to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The cardiac sarcomere is composed of thick and thin filaments and a giant muscle protein known as titin or connectin. Titin interacts with T-cap/telethonin in the Z-line region and plays a vital role in regulating sarcomere assembly. Initially, we screened all the variants associated with giant protein titin and analyzed their impact with the aid of pathogenicity and stability prediction methods. V54M mutation found in the hydrophobic core region of the protein associated with abnormal clinical phenotype leads to DCM was selected for further analysis. To address this issue, we mapped the deleterious mutant V54M, modeled the mutant protein complex, and deciphered the impact of mutation on binding with its partner telethonin in the titin crystal structure of PDB ID: 1YA5 with the aid of docking analysis. Furthermore, two run molecular dynamics simulation was initiated to understand the mechanistic action of V54M mutation in altering the protein structure, dynamics, and stability. According to the results obtained from the repeated 50 ns trajectory files, the overall effect of V54M mutation was destabilizing and transition of bend to coil in the secondary structure was observed. Furthermore, MMPBSA elucidated that V54M found in the Z-line region of titin decreases the binding affinity of titin to Z-line proteins T-cap/telethonin thereby hindering the protein–protein interaction.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung, unnummeriert.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.09.1953, erstellt von Lubor Kresak am Skalnate Pleso Observatorium.
(Formularaufdruck lautend auf Slovensky ustredny ustav astronomicky Tatranska Lomnica)
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1953

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage am Observatorium Skalnate Pleso bei Tatranska Lomnica. Slovensky ustredny ustav astronomicky Tatranska Lomnica (Slowakisches Zentralinstitut).  Es sind zudem statistische Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert. Instrument: unbekannt, Sonnenbild D = 25 cm