cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Mass-Independence of Specific Star Formation Rates in Galactic Disks
Creators: name: Abramson, Louis E.
name: Kelson, Daniel D.
name: Dressler, Alan
name: Poggianti, Bianca M.
name: Gladders, Michael D.
name: Oemler, Augustus
name: Vulcani, Benedetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The slope of the star formation rate/stellar mass relation (the SFR "Main Sequence"; ${\rm SFR}-M_*$) is not quite unity: specific star formation rates $({\rm SFR}/M_*)$ are weakly-but-significantly anti-correlated with $M_*$. Here we demonstrate that this trend may simply reflect the well-known increase in bulge mass-fractions -- portions of a galaxy not forming stars -- with $M_*$. Using a large set of bulge/disk decompositions and SFR estimates derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we show that re-normalizing SFR by disk stellar mass $({\rm sSFR_{\rm disk}\equiv SFR}/M_{*,{\rm disk}})$ reduces the $M_*$-dependence of SF efficiency by $\sim0.25$ dex per dex, erasing it entirely in some subsamples. Quantitatively, we find $\log {\rm sSFR_{disk}}-\log M_*$ to have a slope $β_{\rm disk}\in[-0.20,0.00]\pm0.02$ (depending on SFR estimator and Main Sequence definition) for star-forming galaxies with $M_*\geq10^{10}M_{\odot}$ and bulge mass-fractions $B/T\lesssim0.6$, generally consistent with a pure-disk control sample ($β_{\rm control}=-0.05\pm0.04$). That $\langle{\rm SFR}/M_{*,{\rm disk}}\rangle$ is (largely) independent of host mass for star-forming disks has strong implications for aspects of galaxy evolution inferred from any ${\rm SFR}-M_*$ relation, including: manifestations of "mass quenching" (bulge growth), factors shaping the star-forming stellar mass function (uniform $d\log M_*/dt$ for low-mass, disk-dominated galaxies), and diversity in star formation histories (dispersion in ${\rm SFR}(M_*,t)$). Our results emphasize the need to treat galaxies as composite systems -- not integrated masses -- in observational and theoretical work.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; Accepted to ApJL March 2014. ArXiv version updated to reflect changes made during refereeing; results unchanged
Multiple Rabi rotations of trions in InGaAs quantum dots observed by photon echo spectroscopy with spatially shaped laser pulses
Creators: name: Grisard, S.
name: Rose, H.
name: Trifonov, A. V.
name: Reichhardt, R.
name: Reiter, D. E.
name: Reichelt, M.
name: Schneider, C.
name: Kamp, M.
name: Höfling, S.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Meier, T.
name: Akimov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Rabi rotations arising in intensity-dependent photon echoes from an ensemble of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots. To achieve a uniform distribution of intensities within the excited ensemble, we introduce flattop intensity profiles of picosecond laser pulses. This allows us to overcome the damping of Rabi rotations imposed by the spatial inhomogeneity of Rabi frequencies by a Gaussian laser profile. Using photon echo polarimetry, we distinguish between the coherent optical responses from exciton and trion ensembles. Here, we demonstrate that a photo-induced charging of the quantum dots leads to a significant reduction of the number of neutral quantum dots under resonant excitation with intensive optical pulses with areas exceeding $\fracπ{2}$. The trion ensemble shows robust Rabi rotations when the area of the refocussing pulse is increased up to 5.5$π$. We analyze the remaining attenuation of Rabi rotations by theoretical modeling of excitation induced dephasing, inhomogeneity of dipole moments, and coupling to acoustic phonons. The latter is identified as the dominating mechanism resulting in a loss of optical coherence during the action of the involved optical pulses.
Conserve Wildlife: Newsletter of the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife's Endangered and Nongame Species Program, Spring 2004
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Division of Fish and Wildlife, the Endangered and Nongame Species Program
Year: 2004

description: This newsletter is intended to inform interested individuals and organizations about the activities and events of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Division of Fish and Wildlife's Endangered and Nongame Species Program, as well as provide general information about New Jersey wildlife. This issue contains articles on rattlesnakes, Red Knots, osprey, wildlife prints to benefit beach-nesting piping plovers, watchable wildlife and information for teachers and citizen scientists, as well as an annual wildlife update and Conserve Wildlife Foundation news.
Running with BICEP2: Implications for Small-Scale Problems in CDM
Creators: name: Garrison-Kimmel, Shea
name: Horiuchi, Shunsaku
name: Abazajian, Kevork N.
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BICEP2 results, when interpreted as a gravitational wave signal and combined with other CMB data, suggest a roll-off in power towards small scales in the primordial matter power spectrum. Among the simplest possibilities is a running of the spectral index. Here we show that the preferred level of running alleviates small-scale issues within the $Λ$CDM model, more so even than viable WDM models. We use cosmological zoom-in simulations of a Milky Way-size halo along with full-box simulations to compare predictions among four separate cosmologies: a BICEP2-inspired running index model ($α_s$ = -0.024), two fixed-tilt $Λ$CDM models motivated by Planck, and a 2.6 keV thermal WDM model. We find that the running BICEP2 model reduces the central densities of large dwarf-size halos ($V_\mathrm{max}$ ~ 30 - 80 km s$^{-1}$) and alleviates the too-big-to-fail problem significantly compared to our adopted Planck and WDM cases. Further, the BICEP2 model suppresses the count of small subhalos by ~50% relative to Planck models, and yields a significantly lower "boost" factor for dark matter annihilation signals. Our findings highlight the need to understand the shape of the primordial power spectrum in order to correctly interpret small-scale data.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, published in MNRAS
Internationalization in Higher Education: Living and Learning in Two China-based Scholarship Programs
Creators: name: Liu, Yixuan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Schwarzman Scholars
subject: Stanford Graduate School of Education International Education Policy Analysis
subject: International program centers
subject: Education, Higher
subject: Spatial segregation
subject: International exchange
subject: Chinese public diplomacy
subject: CSCPRC

description: This qualitative study analyzes two prestigious China-based international scholarship programs, the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People’s Republic of China (CSCPRC) and Schwarzman Scholars, and their interactions with host campuses through the program-related policies and space. Data came from twelve one-hour-long interviews with four CSCPRC fellows and six Schwarzman fellows regarding reflections and understandings of how program policies shaped their experiences. Findings show that even though fellows gained access to a myriad of resources through the program, they had limited interactions with the rest of the campus. Participants suggested perceived tensions between programs and campus students, which alienated the program from the host community and generated misunderstandings for both sides. Institutions should pay attention to programs’ unique positionality on campuses and in societies and their potential to strengthen political influence. This study provides references for future international programs in higher education to have inclusive policies and interactive initiatives.
The resurgence properties of the large order asymptotics of the Anger--Weber function II
Creators: name: Nemes, Gergő
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A60, 30E15, 34M40

description: In this paper, we derive a new representation for the Anger--Weber function, employing the reformulation of the method of steepest descents by C. J. Howls (Howls, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 439 (1992) 373--396). As a consequence of this representation, we deduce a number of properties of the large order asymptotic expansion of the Anger--Weber function, including explicit and realistic error bounds, asymptotic approximations for the late coefficients, exponentially improved asymptotic expansions, and the smooth transition of the Stokes discontinuities.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1311.2522, arXiv:1309.2209, accepted in Journal of Classical Analysis
Tapered Photonic Switching
Creators: name: Galiffi, Emanuele
name: Yin, Shixiong
name: Alù, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of novel nonlinear materials has stirred unprecedented interest in exploring the use of temporal inhomogeneities to achieve novel forms of wave control, amidst the greater vision of engineering metamaterials across both space and time. When the properties of an unbounded medium are abruptly switched in time, propagating waves are efficiently converted to different frequencies, and partially coupled to their back-propagating phase-conjugate partners, through a process called time-reversal. However, in realistic materials the switching time is necessarily finite, playing a central role in the resulting temporal scattering features. By identifying and leveraging the crucial role of electromagnetic momentum conservation in time-reversal processes, here we develop a very general analytical formalism to quantify time-reversal due to temporal inhomogeneities of arbitrary profile. Finally, we deploy our analytic theory to develop a formalism, analogous to spatial tapering theory, that enables the tailoring of a desired time-reversal spectral response, demonstrating its use for the realization of broadband frequency converters and filters.
Semi-inclusive Diffractive Deep Inelastic Scattering at Small-$x$
Creators: name: Hatta, Yoshitaka
name: Xiao, Bo-Wen
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by a recent study of Iancu, Mueller and Triantafyllopoulos [1] and earlier papers by Golec-Biernat and Wusthoff [2,3], we propose semi-inclusive diffractive deep inelastic scattering (SIDDIS) to investigate the gluon tomography in the nucleon and nuclei at small-$x$. The relevant diffractive quark and gluon parton distribution functions (DPDF) can be computed in terms of the color dipole S-matrices in the fundamental and adjoint representations, respectively. Novel correlations from the gluon tomography in the dipole S-matrix can be experimentally studied through the DPDFs in these processes at the future electron-ion collider (EIC).
description: Added appendices, 10 pages, 5 figures
SAMU-XLSR: Semantically-Aligned Multimodal Utterance-level Cross-Lingual Speech Representation
Creators: name: Khurana, Sameer
name: Laurent, Antoine
name: Glass, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose the SAMU-XLSR: Semantically-Aligned Multimodal Utterance-level Cross-Lingual Speech Representation learning framework. Unlike previous works on speech representation learning, which learns multilingual contextual speech embedding at the resolution of an acoustic frame (10-20ms), this work focuses on learning multimodal (speech-text) multilingual speech embedding at the resolution of a sentence (5-10s) such that the embedding vector space is semantically aligned across different languages. We combine state-of-the-art multilingual acoustic frame-level speech representation learning model XLS-R with the Language Agnostic BERT Sentence Embedding (LaBSE) model to create an utterance-level multimodal multilingual speech encoder SAMU-XLSR. Although we train SAMU-XLSR with only multilingual transcribed speech data, cross-lingual speech-text and speech-speech associations emerge in its learned representation space. To substantiate our claims, we use SAMU-XLSR speech encoder in combination with a pre-trained LaBSE text sentence encoder for cross-lingual speech-to-text translation retrieval, and SAMU-XLSR alone for cross-lingual speech-to-speech translation retrieval. We highlight these applications by performing several cross-lingual text and speech translation retrieval tasks across several datasets.
Deterministic and probabilistic algorithms for stabilizing discrete-time switched linear systems
Creators: name: Kundu, Atreyee
name: Balachandran, Niranjan
name: Chatterjee, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93C30, 93D20

description: In this article we study algorithmic synthesis of the class of stabilizing switching signals for discrete-time switched linear systems proposed in [12]. A weighted digraph is associated in a natural way to a switched system, and the switching signal is expressed as an infinite walk on this weighted digraph. We employ graph-theoretic tools and discuss different algorithms for designing walks whose corresponding switching signals satisfy the stabilizing switching conditions proposed in [12]. We also address the issue of how likely/generic it is for a family of systems to admit stabilizing switching signals, and under mild assumptions give sufficient conditions for the same. Our solutions have both deterministic and probabilistic flavours.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Rosetta:MSF: a modular framework for multi-state computational protein design
Creators: name: Merkl, Rainer
name: Löffler, Patrick
name: Schmitz, Samuel
name: Hupfeld, Enrico
name: Sterner, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: DE-NOVO DESIGN; INTERACTION SPECIFICITY; ENERGY FUNCTIONS; BINDING PROTEIN; STABILITY; SEQUENCE; OPTIMIZATION; ENSEMBLES; REDESIGN; ENZYMES;
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Computational protein design (CPD) is a powerful technique to engineer existing proteins or to design novel ones that display desired properties. Rosetta is a software suite including algorithms for computational modeling and analysis of protein structures and offers many elaborate protocols created to solve highly specific tasks of protein engineering. Most of Rosetta's protocols optimize sequences based on a single conformation (i.e. design state). However, challenging CPD objectives like multi-specificity design or the concurrent consideration of positive and negative design goals demand the simultaneous assessment of multiple states. This is why we have developed the multi-state framework MSF that facilitates the implementation of Rosetta's single-state protocols in a multi-state environment and made available two frequently used protocols. Utilizing MSF, we demonstrated for one of these protocols that multi-state design yields a 15% higher performance than single-state design on a ligand-binding benchmark consisting of structural conformations. With this protocol, we designed de novo nine retro-aldolases on a conformational ensemble deduced from a (beta alpha)(8)-barrel protein. All variants displayed measurable catalytic activity, testifying to a high success rate for this concept of multi-state enzyme design.
Neutrino Fields in a Sandwich Gravitational Wave Background
Creators: name: Dereli, Tekin
name: Gurtug, Ozay
name: Halilsoy, Mustafa
name: Senikoglu, Yorgo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sandwich gravitational waves are given globally in terms of step functions at the boundaries. Linearized Einstein-Weyl equations are solved exactly in this background in Rosen coordinates. Depending on the geometry and composition of the sandwich wave, the neutrino's energy-momentum redistributes itself. At the test field level, since the background will not change, the neutrino's energy density in particular will show variations between positive and negative extrema when crossing the sandwich wave. This may reveal facts about the weakly interacting neutrinos in cosmology.
description: Accepted Version to appear in Class.Quant.Grav
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) of Deer and Elk
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Division of Fish and Wildlife
Year: 2002

description: Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) of mule deer, rocky mountain elk, and white-tailed deer causes fatal damage to the central nervous system. A study of New Jersey deer harvested in the 1997-98 deer seasons found no evidence of the disease. Another survey of hunter-killed deer from the 2002-03 season found that CWD is still not found in New Jersey Wild Deer. Since there is concern among hunters and others about the disease spreading to New Jersey, this document about CWD has been prepared by the Division's Office of Fish and Wildlife Health and Forensics.
ANJEC Resource Paper: Municipal Planning and Clean Air
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: ANJEC
Year: 1995

description: This ANJEC resource paper discusses the problems of pollution due to car emissions in New Jersey.  Many land use planners are urging municipalities to rewrite their master plans and ordinances so that they can stop building communities that force people to use their cars for almost all activities.  This paper explains how planners stress the need for municipalities to address clean air goals and the related issue of automobile-oriented development in their master plans.
"Don't Be a Karen": Racial Boundary Making and the Preservation of Whiteness
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Alyssa
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: whiteness
subject: white identity
subject: racial boundary making
subject: critical race theory
subject: public space
subject: race
subject: racism

description: This research seeks to examine how white women, deemed culturally to be “Karens”, employ behaviors in an effort to maintain racial boundaries and, subsequently, preserve whiteness. By relying on previous scholar’s work in the sociology of whiteness, these findings aim to expand our understanding of whiteness as property to encompass things beyond material or economic wealth, to identify concrete examples of Feagin’s (2020) white racial frame in practice, as well as draw connections between Feagin’s (2020) work and the concept of “white habitus”, which describes strong networks or associations between white people that produce favorable ideas of whiteness and negative feelings towards people of color. Utilizing digital content analysis, this research analyzed ten TikTok videos found through the utilization of the hashtag “#racistKaren” that depicts recorded conflicts between white women and people of color in public spaces. Findings include that white women were driven to initiate suspicion motivated conflicts. In doing so, they often employed a variety of tactics with the ultimate goal of getting people of color to vacate the space they were occupying. These tactics include self-policing, intentions to threaten or harm, and calling upon third party intervention. Ultimately, these findings lend further insight into the social processes white women engage in when determining who belongs in what they deem to be “white space”, affirming that they are working to maintain the racial boundary and, ultimately, preserve the whiteness that accompanies that racial boundary.
Diffusive scaling for all moments of the Markov Anderson model
Creators: name: Musselman, Clark
name: Schenker, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37A30, 34F05, 81V99

description: We consider a tight-binding Schroedinger equation with time dependent diagonal noise, given as a function of a Markov process. This model was considered previously by Kang and Schenker (J. Stat. Phys., 134(5-6):1005, arXiv:0808.2784), who proved that the wave propagates diffusively. We revisit the proof of diffusion so as to obtain a uniform bound on exponential moments of the wave amplitude and a central limit theorem that implies, in particular, diffusive scaling for all position moments of the mean wave amplitude.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure; Dedicated to Professor L. Pastur
Quantifying the source of enhancement in experimental continuous variable quantum illumination
Creators: name: Ragy, Sammy
name: Berchera, Ivano Ruo
name: Degiovanni, Ivo P.
name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
name: Adesso, Gerardo
name: Genovese, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum illumination protocol exploits correlated light beams to enhance the probability of detection of a partially reflecting object lying in a very noisy background. Recently a simple photon-number-detection based implementation of a quantum illumination-like scheme has been provided in [Lopaeva {\it et al,}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 101}, 153603 (2013)] where the enhancement is preserved despite the loss of non-classicality. In the present paper we investigate the source for quantum advantage in that realization. We introduce an effective two-mode description of the light sources and analyze the mutual information as quantifier of total correlations in the effective two-mode picture. In the relevant regime of a highly thermalized background, we find that the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio achieved by the entangled sources over the unentangled thermal ones amounts exactly to the ratio of the effective mutual informations of the corresponding sources. More precisely, both quantities tend to a common limit specified by the squared ratio of the respective cross-correlations. A thorough analysis of the experimental data confirms this theoretical result.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Published version
Water Supply Availability in the Raritan River Basin
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Water Supply Authority
Year: 2000

description: The Raritan River Basin supports a wide variety of New Jersey ecosystems within the Highlands, Piedmont and Coastal Plain geologic provinces.  Many of these ecosystems rely heavily on the close proximity of surface waters, wetlands and high ground water tables.  The Raritan River Basin is also a major source of potable and industrial water supplies in central New Jersey.  Finally, the surface waters of the Basin are used for recreational and aesthetic purposes.  The vitality and health of all these uses depends on the natural processes of precipitation, runoff and recharge.  Therefore, for watershed management purposes it is critical to understand both the general and detailed water budget and hydrology of the Basin.  The technical report on the Water Budget of the Raritan River Basin provides a detailed summary of current knowledge, and serves as a foundation for this technical report. Using a water budget, it is possible to understand the extent to which water supplies for human purposes can be drawn from the environment without significant damage, through reliance on natural storage (e.g., aquifers) or artificial storage (e.g., reservoirs).  The characterization portion of this technical report provides information on the current status of the water supply resources in the Raritan River Basin.  The assessment portion compares the current resource status to current and projected demands to determine whether there are conflicts or gaps between water supply availability and water demand.  Both portions of this report are prepared for use in the management planning process for the Raritan River Basin.
Inorganic Trace Elements in New Jersey Ground Waters
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
Year: 2001

description: This presentation created by Michael E. Serfes of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) covers inorganic trace elements in New Jersey ground water.  An illustration explains the process of ground water flow.  The presentation provides data on the concentrations of arsenic, mercury, radium and radon found in New Jersey ground water.  It also contains illustrations of uses of these elements that result in the contamination of ground water supplies.  Contact information is provided for experts in the study of each element.
Structural transitions during large ribosomal subunit maturation analyzed by tethered nuclease structure probing in S. cerevisiae
Creators: name: Milkereit, Philipp
name: Pöll, Gisela
name: Müller, Christian
name: Bodden, Malena
name: Teubl, Fabian
name: Eichner, Norbert
name: Lehmann, Gerhard
name: Griesenbeck, Joachim
name: Tschochner, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; REMODELING EVENTS; RNA MATURATION; YEAST; BIOGENESIS; PROTEINS; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES; COMPLEX;
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Yeast large ribosomal subunit (LSU) precursors are subject to substantial changes in protein composition during their maturation due to coordinated transient interactions with a large number of ribosome biogenesis factors and due to the assembly of ribosomal proteins. These compositional changes go along with stepwise processing of LSU rRNA precursors and with specific rRNA folding events, as revealed by recent cryo-electron microscopy analyses of late nuclear and cytoplasmic LSU precursors. Here we aimed to analyze changes in the spatial rRNA surrounding of selected ribosomal proteins during yeast LSU maturation. For this we combined a recently developed tethered tertiary structure probing approach with both targeted and high throughput readout strategies. Several structural features of late LSU precursors were faithfully detected by this procedure. In addition, the obtained data let us suggest that early rRNA precursor processing events are accompanied by a global transition from a flexible to a spatially restricted rRNA conformation. For intermediate LSU precursors a number of structural hallmarks could be addressed which include the fold of the internal transcribed spacer between 5.8S rRNA and 25S rRNA, the orientation of the central protuberance and the spatial organization of the interface between LSU rRNA domains I and III.
Continuum mechanics for the elastic properties of crystals: Microscopic approach based on projection-operator formalism
Creators: name: Miserez, Florian
name: Ganguly, Saswati
name: Haussmann, Rudolf
name: Fuchs, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a microscopic derivation of the laws of continuum mechanics of nonideal ordered solids including dissipation, defect diffusion, and heat transport. Starting point is the classical many-body Hamiltonian. The approach relies on the Zwanzig-Mori projection operator formalism to connect microscopic fluctuations to thermodynamic derivatives and transport coefficients. Conservation laws and spontaneous symmetry breaking, implemented via Bogoliubov's inequality, determine the selection of the slow variables. Density fluctuations in reciprocal space encode the displacement field and the defect concentration. Isothermal and adiabatic elastic constants are obtained from equilibrium correlations, while transport coefficients are given as Green-Kubo formulae, providing the basis for their measurement in atomistic simulations or colloidal experiments. The approach and results are compared to others from the literature.
Tire abrasion particles negatively affect plant growth even at low concentrations and alter soil biogeochemical cycling
Creators: name: Leifheit, Eva F.
name: Kissener, Hanna L.
name: Faltin, Erik
name: Ryo, Masahiro
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microplastic pollution
subject: Tire particles
subject: Plant growth
subject: Soil respiration
subject: Soil pH
subject: Litter decomposition
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Tire particles (TPs) are a major source of microplastic on land, and considering their chemical composition, they represent a potential hazard for the terrestrial environment. We studied the effects of TPs at environmentally relevant concentrations along a wide concentration gradient (0–160 mg g−1) and tested the effects on plant growth, soil pH and the key ecosystem process of litter decomposition and soil respiration. The addition of TPs negatively affected shoot and root growth already at low concentrations. Tea litter decomposition slightly increased with lower additions of TPs but decreased later on. Soil pH increased until a TP concentration of 80 mg g−1 and leveled off afterwards. Soil respiration clearly increased with increasing concentration of added TPs. Plant growth was likely reduced with starting contamination and stopped when contamination reached a certain level in the soil. The presence of TPs altered a number of biogeochemical soil parameters that can have further effects on plant performance. Considering the quantities of yearly produced TPs, their persistence, and toxic potential, we assume that these particles will eventually have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems.
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund: Final Priority System, Intended Use Plan, Project Priority List and Response Document, Federal Fiscal Years 1997/1998/1999
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Water Supply Administration
Year: 1998

description: The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1996 authorized a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) to assist publicly-owned and privately-owned community water systems and nonprofit noncommunity water systems to finance the costs of infrastructure needed to achieve or maintain compliance with SDWA requirements and to protect the public health in conformance with the objectives of the SDWA. This document serves as the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's (NJDEP) Priority System, Intended Use Plan (IUP) and Project Priority List and has several purposes regarding the use of anticipated federal funds; including: 1) the establishment of the ranking criteria under which DWSRF projects will be ranked and placed on the Priority List; 2) the establishment of program requirements and document submittal deadlines for award of DWSRF loans in State Fiscal Year (SFY) 99 using FFY97 and FFY98 federal capitalization grant funds; 3) the establishment of program requirements and document submittal deadlines for award of DWSRF loans in SFY2000 using FFY99 and remaining FFY97 and FFY98 federal capitalization grant funds; and 4) the establishment of the proposed uses of the set-asides using FFY97 and FFY98 federal capitalization grant funds.
A regularization approach to non-smooth symplectic geometry
Creators: name: Hoermann, Guenther
name: Konjik, Sanja
name: Kunzinger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D05, 46F30

description: We introduce non-smooth symplectic forms on manifolds and describe corresponding Poisson structures on the algebra of Colombeau generalized functions. This is achieved by establishing an extension of the classical map of smooth functions to Hamiltonian vector fields to the setting of non-smooth geometry. For mildly singular symplectic forms, including the continuous non-differentiable case, we prove the existence of generalized Darboux coordinates in the sense of a local non-smooth pull-back to the canonical symplectic form on the cotangent bundle.
description: 12 pages, final version
Analyse der Flexibilitätsoptionen zur Optimierung des elektrischen Energiesystems von urbanen Quartieren
Creators: name: Hobert, Alexander
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2022

description: Zur Defossilisierung des deutschen Energiesystems hin zu einer treibhausgaslosen Energieversorgung bedarf es Flexibilitätsoptionen in allen Spannungsebenen für System- und Netzdienstleistungen. Hierfür wird in dieser Arbeit ein Konzept auf der Ebene von urbanen Quartieren erarbeitet. Besonderer Fokus dieser Arbeit sind insbesondere die lastseitigen Flexibilitäten wie z. B. die Sektorenkopplung. Hierbei wird zum einen untersucht, welche Potenziale in urbanen Quartieren sich ergeben, welchen Einfluss Flexibilitäten auf das Energiesystem haben und wie diese Einflüsse quantitativ bewertet werden können.
Carrier-envelope-phase and helicity control of electron vortices in photodetachment
Creators: name: Majczak, M. M.
name: Vélez, F. Cajiao
name: Kamiński, J. Z.
name: Krajewska, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Formation of electron vortices and momentum spirals in photodetachment of the H$^-$ anion driven by isolated ultrashort laser pulses of circular polarization or by pairs of such pulses (of either corotating or counterrotating polarizations) are analyzed under the scope of the strong-field approximation. It is demonstrated that the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) and helicity of each individual pulse can be used to actively manipulate and control the vortical pattern in the probability amplitude of photodetachment. Specifically, the two-dimensional mappings of probability amplitude can be rotated in the polarization plane with changing the CEP of the driving pulse (or two corotating pulses); thus, offering a new tool of field characterization. Furthermore, it is shown that the formation of spirals or annihilation of vortices relates directly to the time-reversal symmetry of the laser field, which is realized by a pair of pulses with opposite helicities and CEPs.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, Supplemental Materials including 6 movies
Distance Bounds for High Dimensional Consistent Digital Rays and 2-D Partially-Consistent Digital Rays
Creators: name: Chiu, Man-Kwun
name: Korman, Matias
name: Suderland, Martin
name: Tokuyama, Takeshi
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Consistent digital line segments
subject: Digital geometry
subject: Discrepancy
subject: Computer vision
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: We consider the problem of digitalizing Euclidean segments. Specifically, we look for a constructive method to connect any two points in Zd. The construction must be consistent (that is, satisfy the natural extension of the Euclidean axioms) while resembling them as much as possible. Previous work has shown asymptotically tight results in two dimensions with Θ(logN) error, where resemblance between segments is measured with the Hausdorff distance, and N is the L1 distance between the two points. This construction was considered tight because of a Ω(logN) lower bound that applies to any consistent construction in Z2. In this paper we observe that the lower bound does not directly extend to higher dimensions. We give an alternative argument showing that any consistent construction in d dimensions must have Ω(log1/(d−1)N) error. We tie the error of a consistent construction in high dimensions to the error of similar weak constructions in two dimensions (constructions for which some points need not satisfy all the axioms). This not only opens the possibility for having constructions with o(logN) error in high dimensions, but also opens up an interesting line of research in the tradeoff between the number of axiom violations and the error of the construction. A side result, that we find of independent interest, is the introduction of the bichromatic discrepancy: a natural extension of the concept of discrepancy of a set of points. In this paper, we define this concept and extend known results to the chromatic setting.
Hudson River PCBs Superfund Site Draft Facility Siting Report
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Ecology and Environment, Inc.
Year: 2004

description: The primary objective of the Hudson River PCBs Superfund Site remedy is to protect public health and the environment from unacceptable risks due to PCB-contaminated sediments in the Upper Hudson River. The purpose of facility siting is to identify locations (within the defined boundaries of the study area) that meet the objectives of a sediment-processing/transfer facility. Identification of the Recommended Sites represents the next-to-last milestone in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) facility siting process. The EPA had identified 24 Preliminary Candidate Sites (PCSs) in June 2003 and after detailed evaluations reduced this list to seven Final Candidate Sites (FCSs) in September 2003. Following further detailed evaluations, five of the seven FCSs have been identified in this document as Suitable Sites, which are defined as those sites that exhibit characteristics that satisfy the minimum requirements for designing, constructing, and operating a sediment processing/transfer facility to the standards established by the project.
Classifying malware attacks in IaaS cloud environments
Creators: name: Rakotondravony, Noëlle
name: Taubmann, Benjamin
name: Mandarawi, Waseem
name: Weishäupl, Eva
name: Xu, Peng
name: Kolosnjaji, Bojan
name: Protsenko, Mykolai
name: de Meer, Hermann
name: Reiser, Hans
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: IaaS, Malware, VM, Classification
subject: 004 Informatik

description: In the last few years, research has been motivated to provide a categorization and classification of security concerns accompanying the growing adaptation of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds. Studies have been motivated by the risks, threats and vulnerabilities imposed by the components within the environment and have provided general classifications of related attacks, as well as the respective detection and mitigation mechanisms. Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) has been proven to be an effective tool for malware detection and analysis in virtualized environments. In this paper, we classify attacks in IaaS cloud that can be investigated using VMI-based mechanisms. This infers a special focus on attacks that directly involve Virtual Machines (VMs) deployed in an IaaS cloud. Our classification methodology takes into consideration the source, target, and direction of the attacks. As each actor in a cloud environment can be both source and target of attacks, the classification provides any cloud actor the necessary knowledge of the different attacks by which it can threaten or be threatened, and consequently deploy adapted VMI-based monitoring architectures. To highlight the relevance of attacks, we provide a statistical analysis of the reported vulnerabilities exploited by the classified attacks and their financial impact on actual business processes.
description: First Online: 08 December 2017
The Basin Bulletin: Newsletter of the Raritan Basin Watershed Management Project, Issue #6, Fall 2002
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Water Supply Authority
Year: 2002

description: This newsletter of Raritan Basin Watershed Management Project is published by the New Jersey Water Supply Authority. The purpose of the newsletter is to keep readers up to date on the Raritan Basin Watershed Management Project, as well as other watershed projects from around the Raritan Basin. Articles in this issue include discussions on the Clean Water Act, the land use impact workshop held in September of 2002, and news of watershed improvement projects in the Raritan Basin.
Gate-tunable large magnetoresistance in an allsemiconductor spin valve device
Creators: name: Oltscher, Martin
name: Eberle, Franz
name: Kuczmik, Thomas
name: Bayer, Andreas
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Bougeard, Dominique
name: Ciorga, Mariusz
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SILICON; SPINTRONICS; PRECESSION; INJECTION; CONTACTS;
subject: 530 Physik

description: A large spin-dependent and electric field-tunable magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional electron system is a key ingredient for the realization of many novel concepts for spin-based electronic devices. The low magnetoresistance observed during the last few decades in devices with lateral semiconducting transport channels between ferromagnetic source and drain contacts has been the main obstacle for realizing spin field effect transistor proposals. Here, we show both a large two-terminal magnetoresistance in a lateral spin valve device with a two-dimensional channel, with up to 80% resistance change, and tunability of the magnetoresistance by an electric gate. The enhanced magnetoresistance is due to finite electric field effects at the contact interface, which boost spin-to-charge conversion. The gating scheme that we use is based on switching between uni- and bidirectional spin diffusion, without resorting to spin-orbit coupling. Therefore, it can also be employed in materials with low spin-orbit coupling.
title: Fokus Jugend 2022
title: Ein Überblick in Zahlen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schipfer, Rudolf Karl
Publisher: name: University of Vienna. Project: Family Studies in Austria
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jugendforschung
Sozialstatistik
Familienforschung
Kinderforschung

description: Für Personen, die in den Bereichen Jugendpolitik und Jugendarbeit tätig sind, bietet die Publikation „Fokus Jugend“ übersichtlich aufbereitete Zahlen, die die Situation der Jugend in Österreich darstellen und Trends sichtbar machen. Aus den Bereichen Bevölkerungsstatistik, Migration, Bildung und Ausbildung, Internetnutzung, Arbeitswelt sowie Gesundheit und Lebensbedingungen sind die wichtigsten jugendrelevanten Eckdaten in diesem Heft zusammengefasst. „Fokus Jugend“ wird jährlich aktualisiert.
Kinetic modeling of multiple scattering of elastic waves in heterogeneous anisotropic media
Creators: name: Baydoun, Ibrahim
name: Savin, Éric
name: Cottereau, Régis
name: Clouteau, Didier
name: Guilleminot, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we develop a multiple scattering model for elastic waves in random anisotropic media. It relies on a kinetic approach of wave propagation phenomena pertaining to the situation whereby the wavelength is comparable to the correlation length of the weak random inhomogeneities--the so-called weak coupling limit. The waves are described in terms of their associated energy densities in the phase space position x wave vector. They satisfy radiative transfer equations in this scaling, characterized by collision operators depending on the correlation structure of the heterogeneities. The derivation is based on a multi-scale asymptotic analysis using spatio-temporal Wigner transforms and their interpretation in terms of semiclassical operators, along the same lines as Bal [Wave Motion 43, 132-157 (2005)]. The model accounts for all possible polarizations of waves in anisotropic elastic media and their interactions, as well as for the degeneracy directions of propagation when two phase speeds possibly coincide. Thus it embodies isotropic elasticity which was considered in several previous publications. Some particular anisotropic cases of engineering interest are derived in detail.
On Some Aspects of the Response to Stochastic and Deterministic Forcings
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Manuel Santos
name: Lucarini, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The perturbation theory of operator semigroups is used to derive response formulas for a variety of combinations of acting forcings and reference background dynamics. In the case of background stochastic dynamics, we decompose the response formulas using the Koopman operator generator eigenfunctions and the corresponding eigenvalues, thus providing a functional basis towards identifying relaxation timescales and modes in physically relevant systems. To leading order, linear response gives the correction to expectation values due to extra deterministic forcings acting on either stochastic or chaotic dynamical systems. When considering the impact of weak noise, the response is linear in the intensity of the (extra) noise for background stochastic dynamics, while the second order response given the leading order correction when the reference dynamics is chaotic. In this latter case we clarify that previously published diverging results can be brought to common ground when a suitable interpretation - Stratonovich vs. Ito - of the noise is given. Finally, the response of two-point correlations to perturbations is studied through the resolvent formalism via a perturbative approach. Our results allow, among other things, to estimate how the correlations of a chaotic dynamical system changes as a results of adding stochastic forcing.
Magnetotransport in heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and graphene
Creators: name: Völkl, Tobias
name: Rockinger, Tobias
name: Drienovsky, Martin
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Eroms, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: SPIN; LAYERS;
subject: 530 Physik

description: We use a van der Waals pickup technique to fabricate different heterostructures containing WSe2(WS2) and graphene. The heterostructures were structured by plasma etching, contacted by one-dimensional edge contacts, and a top gate was deposited. For graphene/WSe2/SiO2 samples we observe mobilities of similar to 12 000 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Magnetic-field-dependent resistance measurements on these samples show a peak in the conductivity at low magnetic fields. This dip is attributed to the weak antilocalization (WAL) effect, stemming from spin-orbit coupling. Samples where graphene is encapsulated between WSe2(WS2) and hexagonal boron nitride show a much higher mobility of up to similar to 120 000 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). However, in these samples noWAL peak can be observed. We attribute this to a transition from the diffusive to the quasiballistic regime. At low magnetic fields a resistance peak appears, which we ascribe to a size effect due to boundary scattering. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in fully encapsulated samples show all integer filling factors due to complete lifting of the spin and valley degeneracies.