Anthonomus latior Pic 1902
Creators: name: Zabulev, Ilya A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Anthonomus
Anthonomus latior

description: <i>Anthonomus</i> (s. str.) <i>latior</i> Pic, 1902 Figs. 67–83, 103. <b>Material examined.</b> 12 larvae and 13 pupae, 16.06.2021, and 4 pupae, 28.06.2020, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Ussuriysky Urban Okrug, near Yakonovka vill. (43.736662°N 131.699975°E), ex flower buds of <i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i> Bunge, leg. and det. I.A. Zabaluev (IZCS). <b>Description of mature larva.</b> Figs. 67–77. <i>Measurements</i> (in mm). Body length: 3.11–3.96 (mean 3.54). Body width: 1.71–2.09 (mean 1.95). Head width: 0.76–0.84 (mean 0.80). <i>Body</i> from white to yellowish, distinctly C-shaped curved (Fig. 67). Pronotum with a poorly visible yellowish shield. Spiracles (Fig. 68) bicameral, air tubes with five annuli, one pair located on the prothorax and eight pairs located laterally on the abdominal segments I–VIII (Ab1–8). All setae of thoracic and abdominal segments hairlike, from very long to minute, yellowish. Prothorax (Th1) (Fig. 69) with ten <i>prns</i> of unequal length (<i>prns</i> 1 —medium, <i>prns</i> 6 —short, others—from long to very long), two very long <i>ps</i> equal length and two <i>eus</i> (short and minute). There are two distinct sensilla—one located near the base of <i>prns</i> 1, the other—the base of <i>prns</i> 3. Meso- (Th2) and metathorax (Th3) (Fig. 69) with three <i>prs</i> (one short and two minute), four <i>pds</i> different in length (<i>pds</i> 1 and <i>pds</i> 3 —long, <i>pds</i> 2 and <i>pds</i> 4 —short), one long <i>as</i>, three <i>ss</i> (long, short and minute), one very long <i>eps</i>, one long <i>ps</i> and two <i>eus</i> (short and minute). Pedal lobe with five <i>pda</i> different in length: <i>pda</i> 1 long, <i>pda</i> 4 medium, <i>pda</i> 2 short, <i>pda</i> 3 very short, <i>pda</i> 5 minute; <i>pda</i> 5 located close to the anterior edge of the segment; and with two small sensilla located between <i>pda</i> 2 and <i>pda</i> 3. Abdominal segments I–VIII (Ab1–8) (Fig. 70) with two <i>prs</i> (short and minute), five <i>pds</i> different in length (<i>pds</i> 1, <i>pds</i> 3, and <i>pds</i> 5 —long; <i>pds</i> 2 and <i>pds</i> 4 —short), three <i>ss</i> (long, short and minute), two <i>eps</i> (long and short), one very short <i>ps</i>, one very short <i>lsts</i> and three minute <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment IX (Ab9) (Fig. 71) with six fine setae dorsally (<i>ds</i>), two short <i>ps</i> and one very short <i>sts</i>. Abdominal segment X (Ab10) without setae. <i>Head capsule</i> (Figs. 67, 72) pale yellow, strongly sclerotized, especially along the anterior margin, suboval. Endocarinal line present, reaching behind middle of the frons and about 2/3 as long as frons. Frontal sutures distinct, extending to antennae. One stemma (<i>st</i>) present close to antenna. Dorsal setae (four <i>des</i>): <i>des</i> 1 and <i>des</i> 2 short, <i>des</i> 3 and <i>des</i> 5 long, <i>des</i> 4 absent; <i>des</i> 1 located near to middle part of epicranium, <i>des</i> 2 —in front of the posterior part of epicranium, <i>des</i> 3 close to frontal suture, <i>des</i> 5 —anterolaterally. There is one dorsal sensillum between <i>des</i> 3 and <i>des</i> 5. Frontal area with four <i>fs</i>: <i>fs</i> 1 and <i>fs</i> 3 minute; <i>fs</i> 2 absent; <i>fs</i> 4 and <i>fs</i> 5 long, and with two sensilla—one is between <i>fs</i> 1 and <i>fs</i> 3, the other—laterally from the base of <i>fs</i> 4. Lateral setae: <i>les</i> 1 short, <i>les</i> 2 very long. Ventral setae: two short <i>vcs</i>, approximately equal length. Posterior epicranial area with four minute <i>pes</i> and with two sensilla—one is between <i>pes</i> 3 and endocarinal line and the other near <i>des</i> 1. Antenna (Figs. 73, 103) is one-segmented, consisting of a basal membranous segment bearing a short-conical porous sensorium (<i>se</i>) and five sensilla: one ampullacea (<i>sa</i>), three styloconium (<i>ss</i>) and one basiconicum (<i>sb</i>). <i>Clypeus and mouthparts</i>. Clypeus (Fig. 74) trapezium <b>-</b> shaped, with slightly sinuated anterior margin and with two very short <i>cls</i> placed close to anterior margin of frons and clypeal sensillum (<i>clss</i>) located between them. Labrum (Fig. 74) with three <i>lrs</i>: <i>lrs</i> 2 and <i>lrs</i> 3 long, subequal length, <i>lrs</i> 1 short, about 1/2 as long as <i>lrs</i> 2. Epipharynx (Fig. 75) with two <i>ams</i> (<i>ams</i> 1 about 2/3 as long as <i>ams</i> 2), three finger-like <i>als</i> and two short <i>mes</i>. Labral rods (<i>lr</i>) moderately long, converging slightly posteriorly. One sensillum located on both sides of <i>lr</i> and four combined in a single median cluster (<i>esc</i>). Mandibles (Fig. 76) stout, triangular, with two apical teeth; with two robust <i>mds</i> (<i>mds</i> 2 is slightly longer than <i>mds</i> 1), and one mandibular sensillum. Maxilla (Fig. 77) with one very long <i>stps</i>, two long <i>pfs</i>, very short <i>mbs</i> and three sensilla. Mala on the dorsal side with a row of five finger-like <i>dms</i>, on the ventral side with five acuminate <i>vms</i> (three comparatively long and two comparatively short). Maxillary palpi consists of two palpomere: basal palpomere transverse, with one short <i>mxps</i> and two sensilla, distal—conical, with one simple sensillum, one digitiform sensillum (<i>sd</i>) laterally, and eleven basiconicum sensilla (<i>sb</i>) at the apex. Prelabium cup-like with four sensilla and one medium <i>prms</i>; ligula with three <i>ligs</i>. Labial palpi elongated, one-segmented, with one sensillum medially and nine basiconicum sensilla (<i>sb</i>) at the apex. Postlabium with three <i>pms</i>: <i>pms</i> 1 medium, about 1/3 as long as <i>pms</i> 2, <i>pms</i> 2 —very long, <i>pms</i> 3 —medium, as long as <i>pms</i> 1. <b>Description of pupa.</b> Figs. 78–80. <i>Measurements</i> (in mm). Body length: 3.37–3.76 (mean 3.57). Body width: 1.67–1.70 (mean 1.69). Head width: 0.62–0.67 (mean 0.65). <i>Coloration</i>. For whitish yellow to yellowish white. In specimens ready to hatch, head, rostrum, apex of femora, and urogomphi are brownish, and apical part of the wings and elytra are also slightly darkened. <i>Body</i> is rather short and gross. Rostrum relatively short, 3.0–3.2x as long as wide; male and female rostrum of the same length. Pronotum transverse, 1.3x as wide as long. Prothoracic depressions lacking. Spiracles well developed on Ab1–5, and vestigial on Ab6. <i>Chaetotaxy</i>. Setae yellowish, slightly curved, from long to minute. Head capsule with one <i>vs</i> and one <i>os</i>; <i>vs</i> almost straight, 1/2 as long as the width of the rostrum at the base, <i>os</i> slightly longer than <i>vs</i>. Rostrum with one <i>rs</i> placed posterior to its middle, about 1/2 as long as the rostrum width at the same place, and with one very short (about 1/3 as long as <i>rs</i>) and fine <i>pas</i>, placed at the base of the rostrum. Pronotum (Th1) with one <i>as</i>, two <i>ds</i>, two <i>sls,</i> and three <i>pls</i>; <i>as</i> 1 thin, medium length (noticeably longer than the tubercle height), located subapically on anterior surface of the tubercle of medium size; <i>ds</i> 1 minute, located subapically on anterior surface of the very large tubercle, which larger than those elsewhere on pronotum; <i>ds</i> 2 medium length, located subapically on anterior surface of the large prominent spiniform tubercle; <i>sls</i> 1–2 and <i>pls</i> 2–3 long, approximately equal length, <i>pls</i> 1 a little shorter than the others, all setae located near bases of small pointed tubercles. Femora without <i>fes</i>. Meso- (Th2) and metanotum (Th3) with three long dorsal setae (<i>d</i>) placed medially, they located on the posterior surface of large sharply pointed tubercles; the size of the tubercles and the length of the setae gradually decrease towards the middle line. Abdominal tergites (Ab1–8) with three distinct dorsal setae (<i>d</i>), <i>d</i> 1 noticeably thinner and shorter than others, <i>d</i> 2 and <i>d</i> 3 approximately equal length, <i>d</i> 1 on Ab8 located at the bases of low rounded tubercules, <i>d</i> 2 on Ab6–8 located at the base of small convex tubercles, <i>d</i> 3 on Ab6–8 located at the bases of sharply pointed tubercles. There are minute and inconspicuous setae between <i>d</i> 1 and <i>d</i> 2 and between <i>d</i> 2 and <i>d</i> 3. <i>Lt</i> 1 minute, located at the bases of a small sharply pointed tubercles (rounded on Ab1–2); <i>lt</i> 2 long, on Ab3–8 located near the bases of large spiniform tubercles, on Ab1–2—small rounded tubercles. The size of all tubercles gradually increases towards the apex of the abdomen. L <i>s</i> absent. Ab9 with one very fine and short ventral setae (<i>v</i>). Urogomphi as <i>A</i>. <i>conspersus</i>, without setae. <b>Biological observations.</b> Several adults were collected on 28.06.2020 by shaking <i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i> (host plant recorded for the first time) at the edge of oak (<i>Quercus mongolica</i> Fisch. ex Ledeb.) forest (Fig. 81). At the same time dried flower buds containing pupae and young adults were collected. Later (2.07.2020), large numbers of beetles of a new generation were collected on the same plants. When observed in Petri dishes, beetles most active fed on green <i>Crataegus</i> fruits, gnawing small holes in them, and somewhat less actively on leaves, skeletonizing them (Fig. 82). In addition to <i>C</i>. <i>pinnatifida</i>, the weevils were offered the fruits and leaves of <i>C</i>. <i>sanguinea</i> Pall., which were also actively eaten (Fig. 83). Feeding was observed for about 14 days (some beetles were active for up to 28 days), after which most of the weevils have formed an accumulation in the fold of a dry leaf and entered a state of inactivity. In 2021, additional material including larvae was collected from the same plant. Several larvae were parasitized by unidentified Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera).
description: Published as part of <i>Zabulev, Ilya A., 2021, Contribution to the knowledge of the immature stages of Palaearctic species of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), pp. 451-488 in Zootaxa 5032 (4)</i> on pages 472-477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5497951