cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MINCE I. Presentation of the project and of the first year sample
Creators: name: Cescutti, G.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Caffau, E.
name: Monaco, L.
name: Franchini, M.
name: Lombardo, L.
name: Pinto, A. M. Matas
name: Lucertini, F.
name: François, P.
name: Spitoni, E.
name: Lallement, R.
name: Sbordone, L.
name: Mucciarelli, A.
name: Spite, M.
name: Hansen, C. J.
name: Di Marcantonio, P.
name: Kučinskas, A.
name: Dobrovolskas, V.
name: Korn, A. J.
name: Valentini, M.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Cristallo, S.
name: Matteucci, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, Galactic archaeology has become a particularly vibrant field of astronomy, with its main focus set on the oldest stars of our Galaxy. In most cases, these stars have been identified as the most metal-poor. However, the struggle to find these ancient fossils has produced an important bias in the observations - in particular, the intermediate metal-poor stars (-2.5<[Fe/H]< -1.5) have been frequently overlooked. The missing information has consequences for the precise study of the chemical enrichment of our Galaxy, in particular for what concerns neutron-capture elements and it will be only partially covered by future multi-object spectroscopic surveys such as WEAVE and 4MOST. Measuring at Intermediate Metallicity Neutron Capture Elements (MINCE) is gathering the first high-quality spectra (high S/N ratio and high resolution) for several hundreds of bright and metal-poor stars, mainly located in our Galactic halo. We compiled our selection mainly on the basis of Gaia data and determined the stellar atmospheres of our sample and the chemical abundances of each star. In this paper, we present the first sample of 59 spectra of 46 stars. We measured the radial velocities and computed the Galactic orbits for all stars. We found that 8 stars belong to the thin disc, 15 to disrupted satellites, and the remaining cannot be associated to the mentioned structures, and we call them halo stars. For 33 of these stars, we provide abundances for the elements up to zinc. We also show the chemical evolution results for eleven chemical elements, based on recent models. Our observational strategy of using multiple telescopes and spectrographs to acquire high S/N and high-resolution spectra has proven to be very efficient since the present sample was acquired over only about one year of observations. Finally, our target selection strategy proved satisfactory for our purposes.
description: 21 pages, 23 figures, online material. Accepted for publication in A&A
Particle collision with an arbitrarily high center-of-mass energy near a Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Naoki
name: Ogasawara, Kota
name: Gong, Yungui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a particle collision with a high center-of-mass energy near a Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. We obtain the center-of-mass energy of two general colliding geodesic particles in the BTZ black hole spacetime. We show that the center-of-mass energy of two ingoing particles can be arbitrarily large on an event horizon if either of the two particles has a critical angular momentum and the other has a non-critical angular momentum. We also show that the motion of a particle with a subcritical angular momentum is allowed near an extremal rotating BTZ black hole and that a center-of-mass energy for a tail-on collision at a point can be arbitrarily large in a critical angular momentum limit.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, minor correction, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Submillimeter observations of molecular gas interacting with the supernova remnant W28
Creators: name: Mazumdar, Parichay
name: Tram, Le Ngoc
name: Wyrowski, Friedrich
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Tang, Xindi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Supernovae (SNe) inject large amounts of energy and chemically enriched materials into their surrounding interstellar medium and, in some instances, into molecular clouds (MCs). The interaction of a supernova remnant (SNR) with a MC plays a crucial role in the evolution of the cloud's physical and chemical properties. Despite their importance, only a handful of studies have been made addressing the molecular richness in MCs impacted by SNRs. (Sub)millimter wavelength observations of SNR-MC can be used to build a census of their molecular richness, which in turn can motivate various chemical and physical models aimed at explaining the chemical evolution of the clouds. Aims: We carried out multi-molecule/multi-transition observations toward the region F abutting the SNR W28. We used the detected lines to constrain the physical conditions of this region. Methods: We used the APEX Telescope to observe molecular lines in the frequency from $213\rm{-}374\, \textrm{GHz}$. We used non-LTE RADEX modeling to interpret the observational data. Results: We detected emission from multiple molecular species, namely CH$_{3}$OH, H$_{2}$CO, SO, SiO, CN, CCH, NO, CS, HCO$^+$, HCN, HNC, N$_2$H$^+$, CO, and from isotopologues of some of them. We report the first detection of thermally excited (non-maser) CH$_{3}$OH emission toward a SNR. Employing non-LTE RADEX modeling of multiple H$_{2}$CO and CH$_{3}$OH lines, we constrain the kinetic temperature from 60 to 100$\,$K and the gas density from $9\times 10^{5}$ to $5\times 10^{6}\,\rm cm^{-3}$. We obtained an ortho-para ratio $\sim$2 for H$_{2}$CO, which indicates that formaldehyde is most likely formed on dust grain surfaces. Conclusions: Our results show that molecules as complex as H$_{2}$CO and CH$_{3}$OH can be detected in SNR-MC interactions. This could motivate chemical modelling to explore their formation pathways.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, accepted to A&A
Detailed Calculations of the Efficiency of Planetesimal Accretion in the Core-Accretion Model -II: The effect of Saturn
Creators: name: Haghighipour, Nader
name: Podolak, Morris
name: Podolak, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of our ongoing initiative on accurately calculating the accretion rate of planetesimals in the core-accretion model, we demonstrated in a recent article that when the calculations include the gravitational force of the Sun (the original core-accretion model did not include solar gravity), results change considerably [ApJ, 899:45]. In this paper, we have advanced our previous study by including the effect of Saturn. To maintain focus on the effect of this planet, and in order to be consistent with previous studies, we did not include the effect of the nebular gas. Results demonstrated that as expected, Saturn's perturbation decreases the rate of accretion by scattering many planetesimals out of Jupiter's accretion zone. It also increases the velocities with which planetesimals encounter the envelope, which in agreement with our previous findings, enhances their break-up due to the ram-pressure. Results also show that, because the effect of Saturn in scattering of planetesimals increases with its mass, this planet might not have played a significant role in the accretion of planetesimals by proto-Jupiter during the early stage of its growth. Finally, the late accretion of planetesimals, as obtained in our previous study, appears in our new results as well, implying that combined with the rapid in-fall of the gas, it can result in the mixing of material in the outer regions of the envelope which may explain the enhancement of the envelope's high-Z material.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Profession Of Journalism, Accuracy In The News, An Address Before The Pulitzer School Of Journalism, Columbia University, New York, Delivered At Earl Hall, December 16, 1912
Creators: Pulitzer, Ralph, 1879-1939
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Journalism

description: Text of speech delivered by Ralph Pulitzer at Columbia School of Journalism on December 16, 1912.
The Black Hole information problem: past, present, and future
Creators: name: Marolf, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a brief overview of the black hole information problem emphasizing fundamental issues and recent proposals for its resolution. The focus is on broad perspective and providing a guide to current literature rather than presenting full details. We concentrate on resolutions restoring naive unitarity.
description: Key Issues Review for Reports on Progress of Physics, 20 pages, minor changes
A Search for Missing Radio Sources at $z\gtrsim4$ Using Lyman Dropouts
Creators: name: Shobhana, Devika
name: Norris, Ray P.
name: Filipović, Miroslav D.
name: Barnes, Luke A.
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
name: Prandoni, Isabella
name: Brown, Michael J. I.
name: Shabala, Stanislav S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Lyman Dropout technique, we identify 148 candidate radio sources at $z \gtrsim 4 - 7$ from the 887.5 MHz Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) observations of the GAMA23 field. About 112 radio sources are currently known beyond redshift $z\sim4$. However, simulations predict that hundreds of thousands of radio sources exist in that redshift range, many of which are probably in existing radio catalogues but do not have measured redshifts, either because their optical emission is too faint or because of the lack of techniques that can identify candidate high-redshift radio sources (HzRSs). Our study addresses these issues using the Lyman Dropout search technique. This newly built sample probes radio luminosities that are 1-2 orders of magnitude fainter than known radio-active galactic nuclei (AGN) at similar redshifts, thanks to ASKAP's sensitivity. We investigate the physical origin of radio emission in our sample using a set of diagnostics: (i) radio luminosity at 1.4 GHz, (ii) 1.4 GHz-to-3.4 $μ$m flux density ratio, (iii) Far-IR detection, (iv) WISE colour, and (v) SED modelling. The radio/IR analysis has shown that the majority of radio emission in the faint and bright end of our sample's 887.5 MHz flux density distribution originates from AGN activity. Furthermore, $\sim10\%$ of our sample are found to have a 250 $μ$m detection, suggesting a composite system. This suggests that some high-$z$ radio-AGNs are hosted by SB galaxies, in contrast to low-$z$ radio-AGNs, which are usually hosted by quiescent elliptical galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Explaining the moderate UV/X-ray correlation in AGN
Creators: name: Panagiotou, Christos
name: Kara, Erin
name: Dovčiak, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The UV/optical and X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) have long been expected to be well correlated as a result of the X-ray illumination of the accretion disk. Recent monitoring campaigns of nearby AGN, however, found that their X-ray and UV/optical emission are only moderately correlated, challenging the aforementioned paradigm. In this work, we aim to demonstrate that due to the definition of the cross correlation function, a low UV/X-ray correlation is well expected in the case of an X-ray illuminated accretion disk, when the dynamic variability of the X-ray source is taken into account. In particular, we examine how the variability of the geometric or physical configuration of the X-ray source affects the expected correlation. Variations of the geometric configuration are found to produce a range of UV/X-ray cross correlations, which match well the observed values, while they result in high correlation between the UV and optical variability, reconciling the observed results with theoretical predictions. We conclude that the detection of a low UV/X-ray correlation does not contradict the assumption of the UV/optical variability being driven by the X-ray illumination of the disk, and we discuss the implications of our results for correlation studies.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by ApJ
title: Archaeometry - tracing the past human footprint with geosciences
Creators: name: Rehren, Thilo
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Recent debates around the recognition (or otherwise) of an Anthropocene, and the impact of climate change on the human experience emphasize the fact that ‘we humans’ are an integral part of System Earth. Thus, research methods and approaches developed within the Earth Sciences are eminently suitable to study our interaction with it. At the same time, the inherent understanding of time, and the change that comes with it, further predestines methods of the Earth Sciences for the study of the human past – i.e. doing archaeology.

In this lecture, I will explore the two sides of the human – environment interaction, and discuss the role of Archaeometry / Archaeological Sciences bridging the two domains of earth sciences and anthropology, respectively. Traditionally, mining & metallurgy, and more recently also oil & gas extraction are commonly associated with a particularly heavy 'footprint' of humans on the environment. However, most of my examples will be drawn from the study of ancient glass and its production as one proxy to study human mobility, complementing a much wider array of tools and approaches to the many facets of this topic.
Extreme-Ultraviolet Wave and Accompanying Loop Oscillations
Creators: name: Devi, Pooja
name: Chandra, Ramesh
name: Awasthi, Arun Kumar
name: Schmieder, Brigitte
name: Joshi, Reetika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the observations of an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave, which originated from the active region (AR) NOAA 12887 on 28 October 2021 and its impact on neighbouring loops. The event was observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite at various wavebands and by the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A) with its Extreme-Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) and COR1 instruments with a different view angle than SDO. We show that the EUV wave event consists of several waves as well as non-wave phenomena. The wave components include: the fast-mode part of the EUV wave event, creation of oscillations in nearby loops, and the appearance of wave trains. The non-wave component consists of stationary fronts. We analyze selected oscillating loops and find that the periods of these oscillations range from 230 - 549 s. Further, we compute the density ratio inside and outside the loops and the magnetic field strength. The computed density ratio and magnetic field are found in the range of 1.08 - 2.92 and 5.75 - 8.79 G, respectively. Finally, by combining SDO and STEREO-A observations, we find that the observed EUV wave component propagates ahead of the CME leading edge.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures
Dictionary-based Tensor Canonical Polyadic Decomposition
Creators: name: Cohen, Jérémy E.
name: Gillis, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To ensure interpretability of extracted sources in tensor decomposition, we introduce in this paper a dictionary-based tensor canonical polyadic decomposition which enforces one factor to belong exactly to a known dictionary. A new formulation of sparse coding is proposed which enables high dimensional tensors dictionary-based canonical polyadic decomposition. The benefits of using a dictionary in tensor decomposition models are explored both in terms of parameter identifiability and estimation accuracy. Performances of the proposed algorithms are evaluated on the decomposition of simulated data and the unmixing of hyperspectral images.
Practical Approximation Method for Firing Rate Models of Coupled Neural Networks with Correlated Inputs
Creators: name: Barreiro, Andrea K.
name: Ly, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92B20

description: Rapid experimental advances now enable simultaneous electrophysiological recording of neural activity at single-cell resolution across large regions of the nervous system. Models of this neural network activity will necessarily increase in size and complexity, thus increasing the computational cost of simulating them and the challenge of analyzing them. Here we present a novel method to approximate the activity and firing statistics of a general firing rate network model (of Wilson-Cowan type) subject to noisy correlated background inputs. The method requires solving a system of transcendental equations and is fast compared to Monte Carlo simulations of coupled stochastic differential equations. We implement the method with several examples of coupled neural networks and show that the results are quantitatively accurate even with moderate coupling strengths and an appreciable amount of heterogeneity in many parameters. This work should be useful for investigating how various neural attributes qualitatively effect the spiking statistics of coupled neural networks. Matlab code implementing the method is freely available at GitHub (\url{http://github.com/chengly70/FiringRateModReduction}).
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Currents and fluctuations of quantum heat transport in harmonic chains
Creators: name: Motz, Thomas
name: Ankerhold, Joachim
name: Stockburger, Jürgen T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heat transport in open quantum systems is particularly susceptible to the modeling of system-reservoir interactions. It thus requires to consistently treat the coupling between a quantum system and its environment. While perturbative approaches are successfully used in fields like quantum optics and quantum information, they reveal deficiencies, typically in the context of thermodynamics, when it is essential to respect additional criteria such as fluctuation-dissipation theorems. We use a non-perturbative approach for quantum dissipative dynamics based on a stochastic Liouville-von Neumann equation to provide a very general and extremely efficient formalism for heat currents and its correlations in open harmonic chains. Specific results are derived not only for first but also for second order moments which requires to account for both real and imaginary parts of bath-bath correlation functions. Spatiotemporal patterns are compared with weak coupling calculations. The regime of stronger system-reservoir couplings gives rise to an intimate interplay between reservoir fluctuations and heat transfer far from equilibrium.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. v2: minor corrections, additional references
Three and Two-Point One-Loop Integrals in Heavy Particle Effective Theories
Creators: name: Bouzas, Antonio O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a complete analytical computation of three and two-point loop integrals occurring in heavy-particle theories, involving a velocity change, for arbitrary real values of the external masses and residual momenta.
description: 16 pages, Latex2e, no figures
Non-Hermitian Bloch-Zener phase transition
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bloch-Zener oscillations (BZO), i.e. the interplay between Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-band lattices under an external dc force, are ubiquitous in different areas of wave physics, including photonics. While in Hermitian systems such oscillations are rather generally aperiodic and only accidentally periodic, in non-Hermitian (NH) lattices BZO can show a transition from aperiodic to periodic as a NH parameter in the system is varied. Remarkably, the phase transition can be either smooth or sharp, contrary to other types of NH phase transitions which are universally sharp. A discrete-time photonic quantum walk on a synthetic lattice is suggested for an experimental observation of smooth BZO phase transitions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figure, to appear in Optics Letters
title: Modernist Aesthetics of "Home" in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and Rebecca West's The Return of the Soldier
Creators: name: Strom, James
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: The First World War wrought untold destruction on the physical and psychological landscape of Europe. For Britain, the immediate post-war period represented no less than a national ?nostos,? or homecoming, and few social institutions were so fragmented by the conflict as the home. This thesis will explore the various conceptions of ?home,? from the nation and the domestic sphere to post-war consciousness, through the lens of Virginia Woolf?s "Mrs. Dalloway" and Rebecca West?s "The Return of the Soldier." Though unique in style and scope, Woolf and West interrogate and revise pre-war notions of ?home? and suggest a Modernist aesthetic of what it is to be both at ?home? and at home in the world.
An implicit FFT-based method for wave propagation in elastic heterogeneous media
Creators: name: Sancho, R.
name: de Pedraza, V. Rey
name: Lafourcade, P.
name: Lebensohn, R. A.
name: Segurado, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An FFT-based algorithm is developed to simulate the propagation of elastic waves in heterogeneous $d$-dimensional rectangular shape domains. The method allows one to prescribe the displacement as a function of time in a subregion of the domain, emulating the application of Dirichlet boundary conditions on an outer face. Time discretization is performed using an unconditionally stable beta-Newmark approach. The implicit problem for obtaining the displacement at each time step is solved by transforming the equilibrium equations into Fourier space and solving the corresponding linear system with a preconditioned Krylov solver. The resulting method is validated against analytical solutions and compared with implicit and explicit finite element simulations and with an explicit FFT approach. The accuracy of the method is similar to or better than that of finite elements, and the numerical performance is clearly superior, allowing the use of much larger models. To illustrate the capabilities of the method, some numerical examples are presented, including the propagation of planar, circular, and spherical waves and the simulation of the propagation of a pulse in a polycrystalline medium.
description: FFT-based homogenization, micromechanics, wave propagation, polycrystals, acoustics, elastodynamics, scattering} IN PRESS, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2022
The impact of iron deficiency on patients under evaluation for colorectal cancer, a prospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Ploug, Magnus
name: Qvist, Niels
name: Jacobsen, Birgitte Gade
name: Kroijer, Rasmus
name: Nielsen, Jan
name: Knudsen, Torben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Iron deficiency affects more than 60% of colorectal cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. Iron deficiency ultimately leads to anemia, but additionally, iron deficiency might impact other domains of colorectal cancer patients’ health and well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of iron deficiency on fatigue, quality of life, cognition, and physical ability in patients undergoing evaluation for colorectal cancer. Multicenter, prospective, observational cross-sectional study (2021–2023). Fatigue was the primary outcome, measured using the Focused Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Anemia questionnaire (FACT-An). Quality of Life, Cognition, Aerobe capacity, mobility, and peripheral muscle strength were tested as secondary outcomes. Multivariate analysis was performed to estimate the impact of iron deficiency on all outcomes. Two hundred and one patients were analyzed, 57% being iron deficient. In multivariate regression analysis, iron deficiency was not associated with fatigue: FACT-An (r = −1.17, p = 0.57, 25% CI: −5.27 to 2.92). Results on quality of life, cognition, and mobility were non-significant and with small regression coefficients. Iron deficiency showed a nearly significant association with reduced hand-grip-strength (r = −3.47 kg, p = 0.06, 25%CI −7.03 to 0.08) and reduced 6 min walking distance (r = −40.36 m, p = 0.07, 25%CI: −84.73 to 4.00). Iron deficiency in patients undergoing evaluation for colorectal cancer was not associated with fatigue, quality of life, or cognition, but might affect aerobic endurance and peripheral muscle strength to a degree that is clinically relevant.
Iron K$α$ line of Kerr black holes with Proca hair
Creators: name: Zhou, Menglei
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue our study on the capabilities of present and future X-ray missions to test the nature of astrophysical black hole candidates via X-ray reflection spectroscopy and distinguish Kerr black holes from other solutions of 4-dimensional Einstein's gravity in the presence of a matter field. Here we investigate the case of Kerr black holes with Proca hair [1]. The analysis of a sample of these configurations suggests that even extremely hairy black holes can mimic the iron line profile of the standard Kerr black holes, and, at least for the configurations of our study, we find that current X-ray missions cannot distinguish these objects from Kerr black holes. This contrasts with our previous findings for the case of Kerr black holes with scalar (rather than Proca) hair [2], even though such comparison may be biased by the limited sample. Future X-ray missions can detect the presence of Proca hair, but a theoretical knowledge of the expected intensity profile (currently missing) can be crucial to obtain strong constraints.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. v2: refereed version
Local recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplastic lesions: special attention should be given also to safety margins
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Carrasco, Marta
name: Libânio, Diogo
name: Santos-Antunes, João
name: Martins, Miguel
name: Morais, Rui
name: Silva, João Vaz
name: Afonso, Luís Pedro Fernandes
name: Henrique, Rui
name: Dinis-Ribeiro, Mário
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The incidence of local recurrence following gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains a clinical concern. We aimed to evaluate the impact of narrow safety margin (< 1 mm) on the recurrence rate. A retrospective cohort study was conducted across two centers. Cases of R0-ESD with subsequent recurrence were compared to matched controls in a 1:2 ratio in a case-cohort analysis. Over a median period of 25 months (IQR 14-43), a recurrence rate of 3% (95%CI 1.7-4.3) was observed, predominantly (13/21) following R0 resections with favourable histology. Endoscopic retreatment was feasible in 18 of 21 recurrences. The proportion of R0-cases where the safety margin in both horizontal (HM) and vertical (VM) margin exceeded 1 mm was similarly distributed in the recurrence and non-recurrence group, representing nearly 20% of cases. However, cases with HM less than 1 mm, despite VM greater than 1 mm, nearly doubled in the recurrence group (7.7% vs. 3.9%), and tripled when both margins were under 1 mm (23.1% vs. 7.7%). Despite this trend, statistical significance was not achieved (p = 0.05). In the overall cohort, the only independent risk factor significantly associated with local recurrence was the presence of residual tumor at the HM (HM1) or not assessable HM (HMx) (OR 16.5 (95%CI 4.4-61.7), and OR 11.7 (95%CI 1.1-124.1), respectively). While not common or typically challenging to manage, recurrence post-ESD warrants attention and justifies rigorous post-procedural surveillance, especially in patients with HM1, HMx, and probably also in those with R0 resections but narrow safety margin.
From incoherent field to coherent reconnection: understanding convection-driven coronal heating in the quiet Sun
Creators: name: Robinson, Rebecca
name: Carlsson, Mats
name: Aulanier, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic reconnection in the quiet Sun is a phenomenon that is consistently observed, and it has recently become feasible to simulate via 3D numerical models of realistically stratified and convection-driven reconnection. We aim to illustrate ways by which quiet Sun fields may contribute to solar atmospheric heating via magnetic reconnection that is driven by convective motion. We also aim to compare our stratified model to earlier idealized coronal models in terms of reconnection drivers and topological conditions. We analyzed a simulation of the quiet Sun in which a complex coronal magnetic field is self-consistently driven by the underlying convection. We employed a selection of Lagrangian markers to trace the spatiotemporal behavior of specific magnetic features that are relevant to magnetic reconnection and atmospheric heating. A large-scale reconnection-driven heating event occurs in the simulated corona, in a flattened X-shaped feature characterized by a weak field and high current. Relevant features include a smooth overlying horizontal field, an arcade, and a horizontal flux rope which eventually reconnect with the overlying field, raising coronal plasma temperatures up to 1.47 MK. We find that our results are in good agreement with idealized coronal flare models, which demonstrates that the same physical concepts are valid. We also find that the reconnecting flux rope and arcade are neither formed by any obvious coherent flux emergence, nor by any ordered photospheric motion or flux cancellation. Instead, they seem to develop merely from the self-consistent convective driving of pre-existing tangled field lines. This gradual ordering suggests an inverse cascade of magnetic helicity via smaller reconnection events, located at or above photospheric flux concentrations. We suggest that this case is representative of heating events that may be ubiquitous in the real quiet Sun.
Large-scale Atomistic Simulation of Quantum Effects in SrTiO$_3$ from First Principles
Creators: name: Wu, Hongyu
name: He, Ri
name: Lu, Yi
name: Zhong, Zhicheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum effects of lattice vibration play a major role in many physical properties of condensed matter systems, including thermal properties such as specific heat, structural phase transition, as well as phenomena such as quantum crystal and quantum paraelectricity that are closely related to zero-point fluctuations. However, realizing atomistic simulations for realistic materials with a fully quantum-mechanical description remains a great challenge. Here, we propose a first-principle strategy for large scale Molecular Dynamics simulation, where high accuracy force field obtained by Deep-Potential (DP) is combined with Quantum Thermal Bath (QTB) method to account for quantum effects. We demonstrate the power of this DP+QTB method using the archetypal example SrTiO$_3$, which exhibits several phenomena induced by quantum fluctuations, such as the suppressed structure phase transition temperature, the quantum paraelectric ground state at low temperature and the quantum critical behavior $1/T^2$ law of dielectric constant. Our DP+QTB strategy is efficient in simulating large scale system, and is first principle. More importantly, quantum effects of other systems could also be investigated as long as corresponding DP model is trained. This strategy would greatly enrich our vision and means to study quantum behavior of condensed matter physics.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Experimental observation of a confined bubble moving in shear-thinning fluids
Creators: name: Chun, SungGyu
name: Ji, Bingqiang
name: Yang, Zhengyu
name: Malik, Vinit Kumar
name: Feng, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of a long gas bubble in a confined capillary tube is ubiquitous in a wide range of engineering and biological applications. While the understanding of the deposited thin viscous film near the tube wall in Newtonian fluids is well developed, the deposition dynamics in commonly encountered non-Newtonian fluids remains much less studied. Here, we investigate the dynamics of a confined bubble moving in shear-thinning fluids with systematic experiments, varying the zero-shear-rate capillary number $Ca_0$ in the range of $O(10^{-3}-10^2)$ considering the zero-shear-rate viscosity. The thickness of the deposited liquid film, the bubble speed and the bubble front/rear menisci are measured, which are further rationalized with the recent theoretical studies based on appropriate rheological models. Compared with Newtonian fluids, the film thickness decreases for both the carboxymethyl cellulose and Carbopol solutions when the shear-thinning effect dominates. We show that the film thickness follows the scaling law from \citet{aussillous2000quick} with an effective capillary number $Ca_e$, considering the characteristic shear rate in the film as proposed by \citet{picchi2021motion}. $Ca_e$ is calculated by the Carreau number and the power-law index from the Carreau-Yasuda rheological model. The shear-thinning effect also influences the bubble speed and delays the transition to the parabolic region in the bubble front and rear menisci. In particular, a high degree of undulations on the bubble surface results in intricate rear viscosity distribution for the rear meniscus and the deviation between the experiments and theory may require a further investigation to resolve the axial velocity field. Our study may advance the fundamental understandings and engineering guidelines for coating processes involving thin-film flows and non-Newtonian fluids.
Continuous and discrete dynamical Schrödinger systems: explicit solutions
Creators: name: Fritzsche, B.
name: Kirstein, B.
name: Roitberg, I. Ya.
name: Sakhnovich, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q41, 37C80, 39A12, 47B36

description: We consider continuous and discrete Schrödinger systems with self-adjoint matrix potentials and with additional dependence on time (i.e., dynamical Schrödinger systems). Transformed and explicit solutions are constructed using our generalized (GBDT) version of the Bäcklund-Darboux transformation. Asymptotic expansions of these solutions in time are of interest.
description: In this paper, we develop further the approach to the construction of explicit solutions of dynamical systems from arXiv:1603.08709 and arXiv:1609.03451. Some results from arXiv:nlin/0311004 are actively used. In the version 2 of the paper, we consider additionally the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions in time
Rotational thromboelastometry predicts future bleeding events in patients with cirrhosis
Creators: name: Janko, Natasha
name: Majeed, Ammar
name: Commins, Isabella
name: Gow, Paul
name: Kemp, William
name: Roberts, Stuart K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Patients with cirrhosis of the liver are in a delicate state of rebalanced haemostasis and are at risk of developing both bleeding and thrombotic complications. Conventional haemostatic tests are unable to predict bleeding and thrombosis in these patients. We aimed to explore the role of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in predicting bleeding and thrombotic events in patients with cirrhosis. We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis at two metropolitan hospitals. All patients underwent ROTEM analysis and were then followed to record any bleeding and thrombotic events. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore associations with bleeding and thrombotic events. Nineteen of the 162 patients recruited experienced a bleeding event within one year of ROTEM analysis. On univariate analysis, maximum clot firmness (MCF) using both EXTEM and INTEM tests was significantly reduced in patients who had a bleeding event, compared to those who did not (50 mm vs. 57 mm, p < 0.01 and 48 mm vs. 54 mm, p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, on univariate analysis, clotting time (CT) in the INTEM test was prolonged in the bleeding group (214 s vs. 198 s, p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, only MCFEX was a significant predictor of bleeding events. In contrast, there was no association found between ROTEM parameters and development of thrombosis within a one-year period. ROTEM may provide a useful tool in predicting future bleeding events in patients with cirrhosis. Larger studies are required to further validate this finding and explore its application in clinical practice.
A robust estimation of the twist distribution in magnetic clouds
Creators: name: Lanabere, V.
name: Démoulin, P.
name: Dasso, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic clouds (MCs) are observed insitu by spacecraft. The rotation of their magnetic field is typically interpreted as the crossing of a twisted magnetic flux tube, or flux rope, which was launched from the solar corona. The detailed magnetic measurements across MCs permit us to infer the flux rope characteristics. Still, the precise spatial distribution of the magnetic twist is challenging, and thus is debated. In order to improve the robustness of the results, we performed a superposed epoch analysis (SEA) of a set of well observed MCs at 1 au. While previous work was done using the MC central time, we here used the result of a fitted flux rope model to select the time of the closest approach to the flux rope axis. This implies a precise separation of the in- and outbound regions to coherently phase the observed signals. We also searched for and minimised the possible biases such as magnetic asymmetry and a finite impact parameter. We applied the SEA to derive the median profiles both for the flux rope remaining when crossed by the spacecraft and to recover the one present before erosion. In particular, the median azimuthal B component is nearly a linear function of the radius. More generally, the results confirm our previous results realised without such a deep analysis. The twist profile is nearly uniform in the flux rope core, with a steep increase at the border of the flux rope and with similar profiles in the in- and outbound regions. The main difference with our previous study is a larger twist by $\sim 20\%$.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
What randomized benchmarking actually measures
Creators: name: Proctor, Timothy
name: Rudinger, Kenneth
name: Young, Kevin
name: Sarovar, Mohan
name: Blume-Kohout, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Randomized benchmarking (RB) is widely used to measure an error rate of a set of quantum gates, by performing random circuits that would do nothing if the gates were perfect. In the limit of no finite-sampling error, the exponential decay rate of the observable survival probabilities, versus circuit length, yields a single error metric $r$. For Clifford gates with arbitrary small errors described by process matrices, $r$ was believed to reliably correspond to the mean, over all Cliffords, of the average gate infidelity (AGI) between the imperfect gates and their ideal counterparts. We show that this quantity is not a well-defined property of a physical gateset. It depends on the representations used for the imperfect and ideal gates, and the variant typically computed in the literature can differ from $r$ by orders of magnitude. We present new theories of the RB decay that are accurate for all small errors describable by process matrices, and show that the RB decay curve is a simple exponential for all such errors. These theories allow explicit computation of the error rate that RB measures ($r$), but as far as we can tell it does not correspond to the infidelity of a physically allowed (completely positive) representation of the imperfect gates.
description: v4: Minor updates; close to published version. v3: Major improvements in presentation and emphasis, including additional plots in Fig. 1. Technical results largely unchanged from v2, but a new paragraph has been added at the end discussing the related paper by Wallman [arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.09835] that was posted after v2. v2: Minor updates
Applying an Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach to Analyze the Non-Income Poverty Indicators Used in the Listahanan 2
Creators: name: Ting, Dominique Ysobel
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: poverty targeting
subject: social protection
subject: unsupervised machine learning
subject: UMAP
subject: proxy means test

description: Poverty targeting has been used in developing countries as a means to provide social protection programs and services directly to the poor. As information on households’ welfare is unavailable or difficult and costly to acquire in the developing world, the proxy means test (PMT), which uses proxy variables to estimate an unobservable welfare variable such as household income or consumption, has become a commonly used method for targeting. This study uses an unsupervised machine learning approach on the set of household- and individual-specific non- income poverty indicators used to estimate household income in the PMT models for the Philippines’ National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction or Listahanan, in order to examine whether differences between households across these indicators reflect differences in their income. Applying the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction (UMAP) algorithm onto the Listahanan 2 indicators shows that households naturally cluster into three to four groups. However, these clusters seem to be unrelated to income and expenditure. The richest and poorest households appear to be alike and cannot be differentiated on the basis of the non-income poverty indicators considered. This suggests that these indicators alone may not be sufficient for the PMT models to accurately target the poor. However, this study is a preliminary analysis on the limited data available. A more comprehensive analysis is required to produce conclusive results.
Characterisation of Gamma-irradiated MCz-Silicon Detectors with a High-$K$ Negative Oxide as Field Insulator
Creators: name: Bharthuar, S.
name: Bezak, M.
name: Brücken, E.
name: Gädda, A
name: Golovleva, M.
name: Karadzhinova-Ferrer, A.
name: Karjalainen, A.
name: Kramarenko, N.
name: Kirschenmann, S.
name: Luukka, P.
name: Ott, J.
name: Tuominen, E.
name: Väänänen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-luminosity operation of the Tracker in the Compact Muon Solenid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment calls for the development of silicon-based sensors. This involves implementation of AC-coupling to micro-scale pixel sensor areas to provide enhanced isolation of radiation-induced leakage currents. The motivation of this study is the development of AC-pixel sensors with negative oxides (such as aluminium oxide - Al$_2$O$_3$ and hafnium oxide - HfO$_2$) as field insulators that possess good dielectric strength and provide radiation hardness. Thin films of Al$_2$O$_3$ and HfO$_2$ grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) method were used as dielectrics for capacitive coupling. A comparison study based on dielectric material used in MOS capacitors indicate HfO$_2$ as a better candidate since it provides higher sensitivity (where, the term sensitivity is defined as the ratio of the change in flat-band voltage to dose) to negative charge accumulation with gamma irradiation. Further, space charge sign inversion was observed for sensors processed on high resistivity p-type Magnetic Czochralski silicon (MCz-Si) substrates that were irradiated with gamma rays up to a dose of 1 MGy. The inter-pixel resistance values of heavily gamma irradiated AC-coupled pixel sensors suggest that high-$K$ negative oxides as field insulators provide a good electrical isolation between the pixels.
Direct numerical simulation of acoustic turbulence: Zakharov-Sagdeev spectrum
Creators: name: Kochurin, E. A.
name: Kuznetsov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional acoustic turbulence in medium with weak positive dispersion. It is shown that at the beginning of the long-wavelength region in the turbulence energy distribution in the $k$-space, there are formed jets in the form of narrow cones. At larger wavenumbers, the cones broaden, and the distribution accordingly tends to isotropic. In this region of wavenumbers, the angle-averaged turbulence spectrum acquires a power-law character, $E(k)\propto k^{-α}$, with the exponent close to $3/2$, which corresponds to the Zakharov-Sagdeev weak acoustic turbulence spectrum.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures