cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quality of family planning services in HIV integrated and non-integrated health facilities in Malawi and Tanzania
Creators: name: Mejia, Carolina
name: Close, Michael A.
name: Barden-O’Fallon, Janine
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2019

description:
Background The integration of family planning (FP) and HIV-related services is common in sub-Saharan Africa. Little research has examined how FP quality of care differs between integrated and non-integrated facilities. Using nationally representative data from Malawi and Tanzania, we examined how HIV integration was associated with FP quality of care. Methods Data were drawn from Service Provision Assessments (SPAs) from Malawi (2013–2014) and Tanzania (2014–2015). The analytic sample was restricted to lower-level facilities in Malawi (n = 305) and Tanzania (n = 750) that offered FP services. We matched SPA measures to FP quality of care indicators in the Quick Investigation of Quality (QIQ). We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses of 22 QIQ indicators to examine how integration status was related to individual QIQ indicators and overall FP quality of care at the facility- and client-level. Results The prevalence of HIV integration in Malawi (39%) and Tanzania (38%) was similar. Integration of HIV services was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with QIQ indicators in Malawi (n = 3) and Tanzania (n = 4). Except for one negative association in Tanzania, all other associations were positive. At the facility-level, HIV integration was associated with increased odds of being at or above the median in FP quality of care in Malawi (adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32, 3.79) and Tanzania (adjusted OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.37, 3.22). At the client-level, HIV integration was not associated with FP quality of care in either country. Conclusion Based on samples in Malawi and Tanzania, HIV integration appears to be beneficially associated with FP quality of care. Using a spectrum of FP quality of care indicators, we found little evidence to support concerns that HIV integration may strain facilities and providers, and adversely impact quality outcomes. Rather, it appears to strengthen FP service delivery by increasing the likelihood of stocked FP commodities and achievement of other facility-level quality indicators, potentially through HIV-related supply chains. Further research is needed to assess FP quality of care outcomes across the various platforms of FP integration found in sub-Saharan Africa.
Static Deadlock Detection in SHIM with an Automata Type Checking System
Creators: name: Vasudevan, Nalini
name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Smith, Dave Aaron
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: With the advent of multicores, concurrent programming languages are become more prevelant. Data Races and Deadlocks are two major problems with concurrent programs. SHIM is a concurrent programming language that guarantees absence of data races through its semantics. However, a program written in SHIM can deadlock if not carefully written. In this paper, we present a divide-and-merge technique to statically detect deadlocks in SHIM. SHIM is asynchronous, but we can greatly reduce its state space without loosing precision because of its semantics.
Cosmic Rays at the highest energies
Creators: name: Olinto, Angela V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a century of observations, we still do not know the origin of cosmic rays. I will review the current state of cosmic ray observations at the highest energies, and their implications for proposed acceleration models and secondary astroparticle fluxes. Possible sources have narrowed down with the confirmation of a GZK-like spectral feature. The anisotropy observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory may signal the dawn of particle astronomy raising hopes for high energy neutrino observations. However, composition related measurements point to a different interpretation. A clear resolution of this mystery calls for much larger statistics than the reach of current observatories.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, in the Proceedings of TAUP 2011
Classifying High-Dimensional Text and Web Data using Very Short Patterns
Creators: name: Malik, Hassan H.
name: Kender, John R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this paper, we propose the 'Democratic Classifier', a simple, democracy-inspired pattern-based classification algorithm that uses very short patterns for classification, and does not rely on the minimum support threshold. Borrowing ideas from democracy, our training phase allows each training instance to vote for an equal number of candidate size-2 patterns. Similar to the usual democratic election process, where voters select candidates by considering their qualifications, prior contributions at the constituency and territory levels, as well as their own perception about candidates, the training instances select patterns by effectively balancing between local, class, and global significance of patterns. In addition, we respect 'each voter's opinion' by simultaneously adding shared patterns to all applicable classes, and then apply a novel power law based weighing scheme, instead of making binary decisions on these patterns. Results of experiments performed on 121 common text and web datasets show that our algorithm almost always outperforms state of the art classification algorithms, without requiring any dataset-specific parameter tuning. On 100 real-life, noisy, web datasets, the average absolute classification accuracy improvement was as great as 10% over SVM, Harmony, C4.5 and KNN. Also, our algorithm ran about 3.5 times faster than the fastest existing pattern-based classification algorithm.
uClinux on the Altera DE2
Creators: name: Lariviere, David
name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: This technical report provides an introduction on how to compile and run uClinux and third-party programs to be run on a Nios II CPU core instantiated within the FPGA on the Altera DE2. It is based on experiences working with the OS and development board while teaching the Embedded Systems course during the springs of 2007 and 2008.
Supersymmetry Breaking on Gauged Non-Abelian Vortices
Creators: name: Konishi, Kenichi
name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Vinci, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are a large number of systems characterized by a completely broken gauge symmetry, but with an unbroken global color-flavor diagonal symmetry, i.e., systems in the so-called color-flavor locked phase. If the gauge symmetry breaking supports vortices, the latter develop non-Abelian orientational zero-modes and become non-Abelian vortices, a subject of intense study in the last several years. In this paper we consider the effects of weakly gauging the full exact global flavor symmetry in such systems, deriving an effective description of the light excitations in the presence of a vortex. Surprising consequences are shown to follow. The fluctuations of the vortex orientational modes get diffused to bulk modes through tunneling processes. When our model is embedded in a supersymmetric theory, the vortex is still 1/2 BPS saturated, but the vortex effective action breaks supersymmetry spontaneously.
description: Latex, 24 pages, 1 figure
Quality Assurance of Software Applications Using the In Vivo Testing Approach
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Vo, Ian
name: Chu, Matt
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Software products released into the field typically have some number of residual defects that either were not detected or could not have been detected during testing. This may be the result of flaws in the test cases themselves, incorrect assumptions made during the creation of test cases, or the infeasibility of testing the sheer number of possible configurations for a complex system; these defects may also be due to application states that were not considered during lab testing, or corrupted states that could arise due to a security violation. One approach to this problem is to continue to test these applications even after deployment, in hopes of finding any remaining flaws. In this paper, we present a testing methodology we call in vivo testing, in which tests are continuously executed in the deployment environment. We also describe a type of test we call in vivo tests that are specifically designed for use with such an approach: these tests execute within the current state of the program (rather than by creating a clean slate) without affecting or altering that state from the perspective of the end-user. We discuss the approach and the prototype testing framework for Java applications called Invite. We also provide the results of case studies that demonstrate Invite's effectiveness and efficiency.
A Distance Learning Approach to Teaching eXtreme Programming
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
name: Phung, Dan
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: As university-level distance learning programs become more and more popular, and software engineering courses incorporate eXtreme Programming (XP) into their curricula, certain challenges arise when teaching XP to students who are not physically co-located. In this paper, we present the results of a three-year study of such an online software engineering course targeted to graduate students, and describe some of the specific challenges faced, such as students' aversion to aspects of XP and difficulties in scheduling. We discuss our findings in terms of the course's educational objectives, and present suggestions to other educators who may face similar situations.
Towards the Quality of Service for VoIP traffic in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks
Creators: name: Shin, Sangho
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: The usage of voice over IP (VoIP) traffic in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks is expected to increase in the near future due to widely deployed 802.11 wireless networks and VoIP services on fixed lines. However, the quality of service (QoS) of VoIP traffic in wireless networks is still unsatisfactory. In this thesis, I identify several sources for the QoS problems of VoIP traffic in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks and propose solutions for these problems. The QoS problems discussed can be divided into three categories, namely, user mobility, VoIP capacity, and call admission control. User mobility causes network disruptions during handoffs. In order to reduce the handoff time between Access Points (APs), I propose a new handoff algorithm, Selective Scanning and Caching, which finds available APs by scanning a minimum number of channels and furthermore allows clients to perform handoffs without scanning, by caching AP information. I also describe a new architecture for the client and server side for seamless IP layer handoffs, which are caused when mobile clients change the subnet due to layer 2 handoffs. I also present two methods to improve VoIP capacity for 802.11 networks, Adaptive Priority Control (APC) and Dynamic Point Coordination Function (DPCF). APC is a new packet scheduling algorithm at the AP and improves the capacity by balancing the uplink and downlink delay of VoIP traffic, and DPCF uses a polling based protocol and minimizes the bandwidth wasted from unnecessary polling, using a dynamic polling list. Additionally, I estimated the capacity for VoIP traffic in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks via theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments in a wireless test-bed and show how to avoid mistakes in the measurements and comparisons. Finally, to protect the QoS for existing VoIP calls while maximizing the channel utilization, I propose a novel admission control algorithm called QP-CAT (Queue size Prediction using Computation of Additional Transmission), which accurately predicts the impact of new voice calls by virtually transmitting virtual new VoIP traffic.
Colorado water, October 2000
Creators: name: Flanagan, Marian
name: Hall, Emile
name: Shrier, Cat
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
On the Influence of the Data Sampling Interval on Computer-Derived K-Indices
Creators: name: Bernard, Armelle
name: Michel, Menvielle
name: Chambodut, Aude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The K index was devised by Bartels et al. (1939) to provide an objective monitoring of irregular geomagnetic activity. The K index was then routinely used to monitor the magnetic activity at permanent magnetic observatories as well as at temporary stations. The increasing number of digital and sometimes unmanned observatories and the creation of INTERMAGNET put the question of computer production of K at the centre of the debate. Four algorithms were selected during the Vienna meeting (1991) and endorsed by IAGA for the computer production of K indices. We used one of them (FMI algorithm) to investigate the impact of the geomagnetic data sampling interval on computer produced K values through the comparison of the computer derived K values for the period 2009, January 1st to 2010, May 31st at the Port-aux-Francais magnetic observatory using magnetic data series with different sampling rates (the smaller: 1 second; the larger: 1 minute). The impact is investigated on both 3-hour range values and K indices data series, as a function of the activity level for low and moderate geomagnetic activity.
The Delay-Friendliness of TCP
Creators: name: Brosh, Eli
name: Baset, Salman Abdul
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: TCP has been traditionally considered unfriendly for real-time applications. Nonetheless, popular applications such as Skype use TCP due to the deployment of NATs and firewalls that prevent UDP traffic. Motivated by this observation we study the delay performance of TCP for real-time media flows. We develop an analytical performance model for the delay of TCP. We use extensive experiments to validate the model and to evaluate the impact of various TCP mechanisms on its delay performance. Based on our results, we derive the working region for VoIP and live video streaming applications and provide guidelines for delay-friendly TCP settings. Our research indicates that simple application-level schemes, such as packet splitting and parallel connections, can reduce the delay of real-time TCP flows by as much as 30\% and 90\%, respectively.
Autotagging to Improve Text Search for 3D Models
Creators: name: Goldfeder, Corey
name: Allen, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Text search on 3D models has traditionally worked poorly, as text annotations on 3D models are often unreliable or incomplete. In this paper we attempt to improve the recall of text search by automatically assigning appropriate tags to models. Our algorithm finds relevant tags by appealing to a large corpus of partially labeled example models, which does not have to be preclassified or otherwise prepared. For this purpose we use a copy of Google 3DWarehouse, a database of user contributed models which is publicly available on the Internet. Given a model to tag, we find geometrically similar models in the corpus, based on distances in a reduced dimensional space derived from Zernike descriptors. The labels of these neighbors are used as tag candidates for the model with probabilities proportional to the degree of geometric similarity. We show experimentally that text based search for 3D models using our computed tags can work as well as geometry based search. Finally, we demonstrate our 3D model search engine that uses this algorithm and discuss some implementation issues.
Magnetohydrodynamics from gravity
Creators: name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
name: Ling, Yi
name: Niu, Chao
name: Tian, Yu
name: Wu, Xiao-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imposing the Petrov-like boundary condition on the hypersurface at finite cutoff, we derive the hydrodynamic equation on the hypersurface from the bulk Einstein equation with electromagnetic field in the near horizon limit. We first get the general framework for spacetime with matter field, and then derive the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for black holes with electric charge and magnetic charge respectively. Especially, in the magnetic case, the standard magnetohydrodynamic equations will arise due to the existence of the background electromagnetic field on the hypersurface.
description: 21 pages
Stored Media Streaming in BitTorrent-like P2P Networks
Creators: name: Hwang, Kyung-Wook
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks exist on the Internet today as a popular means of data distribution. However, conventional uses of P2P networking involve distributing stored files for use after the entire file has been downloaded. In this work, we investigate whether P2P networking can be used to provide real-time playback capabilities for stored media. For real-time playback, users should be able to start playback immediately, or almost immediately, after requesting the media and have uninterrupted playback during the download. To achieve this goal, it is critical to efficiently schedule the order in which pieces of the desired media are downloaded. Simply downloading pieces in sequential (earliest-first) order is prone to bottlenecks. Consequently we propose a hybrid of earliest-first and rarest-first scheduling - ensuring high piece diversity while at the same time prioritizing pieces needed to maintain uninterrupted playback. We consider an approach to peer-assisted streaming that is based on BitTorrent. In particular, we show that dynamic adjustment of the probabilities of earliest-first and rarest-first strategies along with utilization of coding techniques promoting higher data diversity, can offer noticeable improvements for real-time playback.
First exit times of solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by multiplicative Levy noise with heavy tails
Creators: name: Pavlyukevich, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H10, 60G51, 60H05

description: In this paper we study first exit times from a bounded domain of a gradient dynamical system $\dot Y_t=-\nabla U(Y_t)$ perturbed by a small multiplicative Lévy noise with heavy tails. A special attention is paid to the way the multiplicative noise is introduced. In particular we determine the asymptotics of the first exit time of solutions of Itô, Stratonovich and Marcus canonical SDEs.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Colorado water, February 2003
Creators: name: Flanagan, Marian
name: Blackledge, Michael
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Numbering on piece, vol. 19 is incorrect.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
IEEE 802.11 in the Large: Observations at an IETF Meeting
Creators: name: Forte, Andre G.
name: Shin, Sangho
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: We observed wireless network traffic at the 65th IETF Meeting in Dallas, Texas in March of 2006, attended by approximately 1200 engineers. The event was supported by a very large number of 802.11a and 802.11b access points, often seeing hundreds of simultaneous users. We were particularly interested in the stability of wireless connectivity, load balancing and loss behavior, rather than just traffic.We observed distinct differences among client implementations and saw a number of factors that made the overall system less than optimal, pointing to the need for better design tools and automated adaptation mechanisms.
Policy Algebras for Hybrid Firewalls
Creators: name: Zhao, Hang
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Firewalls are a effective means of protecting a local system or network of systems from network-based security threats. In this paper, we propose a policy algebra framework for security policy enforcement in hybrid firewalls, ones that exist both in the network and on end systems. To preserve the security semantics, the policy algebras provide a formalism to compute addition, conjunction, subtraction, and summation on rule sets; it also defines the cost and risk functions associated with policy enforcement. Policy outsourcing triggers global cost minimization. We show that our framework can easily be extended to support packet filter firewall policies. Finally, we discuss special challenges and requirements for applying the policy algebra framework to MANETs.
Graphene Thickness-Graded Transistors with Reduced Low-Frequency 1/f Noise
Creators: name: Liu, Guanxiong
name: Rumyantsev, Sergey
name: Shur, Michael
name: Balandin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate graphene thickness-graded transistors with high electron mobility and low 1/f noise (f is a frequency). The device channel is implemented with few-layer graphene with the thickness varied from a single layer in the middle to few-layers at the source and drain contacts. It was found that such devices have electron mobility comparable to the reference single-layer graphene devices while producing lower noise levels. The metal doping of graphene and difference in the electron density of states between the single-layer and few-layer graphene cause the observed noise reduction. The results shed light on the noise origin in graphene.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Tractability of the Helmholtz equation with non-homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions: Relation to L2-approximation
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: We want to compute a worst case ε-approximation to the solution of the Helmholtz equation −∆u+qu = f over the unit d-cube Id, subject to Neumann boundary conditions ∂νu = g on ∂Id. Let card(ε,d) denote the minimal number of evaluations of f, g, and q needed to compute an absolute or normalized ε- approximation, assuming that f , g, and q vary over balls of weighted reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. This problem is said to be weakly tractable if card(ε, d) grows sub exponentially in ε−1 and d. It is said to be polynomially tractable if card(ε, d) is polynomial in ε−1 and d, and strongly polynomially tractable if this polynomial is independent of d. We have previously studied tractability for the homogeneous version g = 0 of this problem. In this paper, we investigate the tractability of the non-homogeneous problem, with general g. First, suppose that we use product weights, in which the role of any variable is moderated by its particular weight. We then find that if the weight sum is sub linearly bounded, then the problem is weakly tractable; moreover, this condition is more or less necessary. We then show that the problem is polynomially tractable if the weight sum is logarithmically or uniformly bounded, and we estimate the exponents of tractability for these two cases. Next, we turn to finite-order weights of fixed order ω, in which a d-variate function can be decomposed as sum, each term depending on at most ω variables. We show that the problem is always polynomially tractable for finite-order weights, and we give estimates for the exponents of tractability. Since our results so far have established nothing stronger than polynomial tractability, we look more closely at whether strong polynomial tractability is possible. We show that our problem is never strongly polynomially tractable for the absolute error criterion. Moreover, we believe that the same is true for the normalized error criterion, but we have been able to prove this lack of strong tractability only when certain conditions hold on the weights. Finally, we use the Korobov- and min-kernels, along with product weights, to illustrate our results.
Operating System Virtualization: Practice and Experience
Creators: name: Laadan, Oren
name: Nieh, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Operating system (OS) virtualization can provide a number of important benefits, including transparent migration of applications, server consolidation, online OS maintenance, and enhanced system security. However, the construction of such a system presents a myriad of traps and pitfalls, even for the most cautious developer, that if overlooked may result in a weak, incomplete virtualization. We present a detailed discussion of key implementation issues in providing OS virtualization in a commodity OS, including system call interposition, virtualization state management, and race conditions. We discuss our experiences in implementing such functionality across two major versions of Linux (2.4 and 2.6) entirely in a loadable kernel module without any kernel modification. We present experimental results on both uniprocessor and multiprocessor systems that demonstrate the ability of our approach to provide fine-grain virtualization with very low overhead.
The PBS Policy: Some Properties and Their Proofs
Creators: name: Feng, Hanhua
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this report we analyze a configurable blind scheduler containing a continuous, tunable parameter. After the definition of this policy, we prove the property of no surprising interruption, the property of no permanent starvation, and two theorems about monotonicity of this policy. This technical report contains supplemental materials for the following publication: Hanhua Feng, Vishal Misra, and Dan Rubenstein, 'PBS: A unified priority-based scheduler', Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS '07, 2007.
Funerary honours for Aulus Mevius Zethus
Creators: name: Prag, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sicily
subject: epigraphy
subject: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300138808
subject: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462492

description: TEI EpiDoc record
Municipal tools to protect wetlands and riparian lands in Alberta's white zone
Creators: name: Stewart, Judy Mary Mattie
Publisher: name: Law
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 258-272
description: Alberta municipalities have statutory authority to enact bylaws and land use regulations to protect wetlands and riparian lands in the settled areas of Alberta from the impacts of human activities and development. Wetlands and riparian lands sustain water supply and quality, and perform many essential environmental, economic and social functions. As the economy grows, drawing more people into the White Zone, Alberta's wetland inventory diminishes. As climate change and water scarcity affect Alberta's landscapes, municipal bylaws should be used to balance the bundle of entitlements enjoyed by property owners with conservation of local natural resources necessary for the overall greater public good. The principle of subsidiarity supports municipalities as the best level of government to regulate human activities and development that impact local wetlands and riparian lands. Recent Supreme Court of Canada decisions upheld municipal by laws that addressed local environmental matters as part of a tri-level regulatory regime.
title: Methane emissions from gathering and boosting compressor stations in the U.S. Supporting volume 2: Compressor engine exhaust measurements
title: Volume 2: Compressor engine exhaust measurements
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Compressor engine exhaust measurements
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Vaughn, Timothy
name: Luck, Benjamin
name: Zimmerle, Daniel
name: Marchese, Anthony
name: Williams, Laurie
name: Keen, Kindal
name: Lauderdale, Terri
name: Harrison, Matthew
name: Allen, David
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: methane
exhaust
tracer flux
combustion slip
emission factors

description: Authors are from: Energy Institute at Colorado State University, AECOM, SLR Consulting, Fort Lewis College, and University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
description: The in-stack tracer method was used during the field campaign to measure unburned methane entrained in the exhaust of natural gas compressor engines ("combustion slip"). Combustion slip was estimated by injecting a tracer gas into the exhaust stream at a known flow-rate and measuring concentrations of both the tracer gas and methane at the exhaust stack exit. The total exhaust flow was estimated from the diluted tracer gas concentration measured at the exhaust stack exit.
Semigroup approach to birth-and-death stochastic dynamics in continuum
Creators: name: Finkelshtein, Dmitri
name: Kondratiev, Yuri
name: Kutoviy, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46E30, 47D06, 82C21, 35Q83

description: We describe a general approach to the construction of a state evolution corresponding to the Markov generator of a spatial birth-and-death dynamics in $\mathbb{R}^d$. We present conditions on the birth-and-death intensities which are sufficient for the existence of an evolution as a strongly continuous semigroup in a proper Banach space of correlation functions satisfying the Ruelle bound. The convergence of a Vlasov-type scaling for the corresponding stochastic dynamics is considered.
description: 35 pages
SPARSE: A Hybrid System to Detect Malcode-Bearing Documents
Creators: name: Li, Wei-Jen
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Embedding malcode within documents provides a convenient means of penetrating systems which may be unreachable by network-level service attacks. Such attacks can be very targeted and difficult to detect compared to the typical network worm threat due to the multitude of document-exchange vectors. Detecting malcode embedded in a document is difficult owing to the complexity of modern document formats that provide ample opportunity to embed code in a myriad of ways. We focus on Microsoft Word documents as malcode carriers as a case study in this paper. We introduce a hybrid system that integrates static and dynamic techniques to detect the presence and location of malware embedded in documents. The system is designed to automatically update its detection models to improve accuracy over time. The overall hybrid detection system with a learning feedback loop is demonstrated to achieve a 99.27% detection rate and 3.16% false positive rate on a corpus of 6228 Word documents.
Narrative abilities in bilingual children with autism
Creators: name: Yang, Susan Ker-Tong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Storytelling requires the integration of cognitive, linguistic, and sociocultural knowledge, and because autism undercuts competence in each of these domains, narratives provide a valuable means to investigate the nature of such deficits in autism. This is the first study on narrative abilities in bilingual children with autism, which will contribute to our knowledge of language development and the effects of bilingualism in this population. The study compares the narrative abilities of 13 monolingual English children with autism, 10 bilingual Mandarin-English children with autism, and 9 typically-developing bilingual Mandarin-English children matched on nonverbal intelligence and language ability. All children were asked to tell a story based on the wordless picture book, Frog, Where are You? (Mayer, 1969), and the bilingual children were asked to generate a story in both languages. The narratives were analyzed according to their global structure, local linguistic structure, and the child’s ability to provide evaluative comments. Comparisons between the monolingual children with autism and bilingual children with autism revealed no group differences, suggesting that bilingualism is not likely to have a negative effect on language development in children with autism. Comparisons between the two bilingual groups on the global structure revealed that bilingual children with autism included fewer story episodes and fewer types of orientation. However, both groups were able to grasp the theme of the story. With regard to the local structure, bilingual children with autism told stories of similar length, but employed less complex syntax and fewer types of conjunction, and also made more reference errors than their typically developing peers. Finally, the two groups did not differ significantly on the evaluative aspects of narratives. Results of this study demonstrated that bilingual children with autism did find certain aspects of narrative challenging, but their performance was comparable to that of monolingual children with autism, suggesting that bilingualism does not further impede language development in this population and that verbal children with autism have the capacity to be bilingual.
Newspeak: A Secure Approach for Designing Web Applications
Creators: name: Dent, Kyle
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Internet applications are being used for more and more important business and personal purposes. Despite efforts to lock down web servers and isolate databases, there is an inherent problem in the web application architecture that leaves databases necessarily exposed to possible attack from the Internet. We propose a new design that removes the web server as a trusted component of the architecture and provides an extra layer of protection against database attacks. We have created a prototype system that demonstrates the feasibility of the new design.
Graph-theory induced gravity and strongly-degenerate fermions in a self-consistent Einstein universe
Creators: name: Kan, Nahomi
name: Kobayashi, Koichiro
name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study UV-finite theory of induced gravity. We use scalar fields, Dirac fields and vector fields as matter fields whose one-loop effects induce the gravitational action. To obtain the mass spectrum which satisfies the UV-finiteness condition, we use a graph-based construction of mass matrices. The existence of a self-consistent static solution for an Einstein universe is shown in the presence of degenerate fermion.
description: 16pages, 1figure
Honours for L. Naevius(?) Firminus Manilianus
Creators: name: Prag, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sicily
subject: epigraphy
subject: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300138808
subject: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462492

description: TEI EpiDoc record
STAND: Sanitization Tool for ANomaly Detection
Creators: name: Cretu, Gabriela F.
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: The efficacy of Anomaly Detection (AD) sensors depends heavily on the quality of the data used to train them. Artificial or contrived training data may not provide a realistic view of the deployment environment. Most realistic data sets are dirty; that is, they contain a number of attacks or anomalous events. The size of these high-quality training data sets makes manual removal or labeling of attack data infeasible. As a result, sensors trained on this data can miss attacks and their variations. We propose extending the training phase of AD sensors (in a manner agnostic to the underlying AD algorithm) to include a sanitization phase. This phase generates multiple models conditioned on small slices of the training data. We use these "micro-models"Â to produce provisional labels for each training input, and we combine the micro-models in a voting scheme to determine which parts of the training data may represent attacks. Our results suggest that this phase automatically and significantly improves the quality of unlabeled training data by making it as "attack-free"Â and "regular"Â as possible in the absence of absolute ground truth. We also show how a collaborative approach that combines models from different networks or domains can further refine the sanitization process to thwart targeted training or mimicry attacks against a single site.
title: Methane emissions from gathering and boosting compressor stations in the U.S. Supporting volume 1: Multi-day measurements of pneumatic controller emissions
title: Volume 1: Multi-day measurements of pneumatic controller emissions
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Multi-day measurements of pneumatic controller emissions
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Luck, Benjamin
name: Zimmerle, Daniel
name: Vaughn, Timothy
name: Lauderdale, Terri
name: Keen, Kindal
name: Harrison, Matthew
name: Marchese, Anthony
name: Williams, Laurie
name: Allen, Dave
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: pneumatics
methane
greenhouse gases
emission factors

description: Authors are from: Energy Institute at Colorado State University, AECOM, SLR Consulting, Fort Lewis College, and University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
description: This study was part of a larger study (the Gathering Emission Factor, or "GEF") study [1] to develop activity and methane emission factors for EPA's Greenhouse Gas Inventory (EPA GHGI) using direct emission measurements at the device level on all classes of equipment found on gathering compressor stations. To accomplish this, Colorado State University (CSU) partnered with the engineering firm AECOM to assist with planning, logistics, field work and analysis. Nine midstream natural gas companies – Anadarko Petroleum, Equinor, DCP Midstream, Kinder Morgan, MarkWest Energy Partners, Pioneer Natural Resources, Southwestern Energy, Williams Companies Inc., and XTO Energy Inc. – acted as partners in the study, provided site access for measurements, and provided representatives to advisory committees. At all times, and with the encouragement of industry partners, CSU maintained control the sampling plan, analysis and reporting. This study documents one part of the larger study - emissions from pneumatic actuated valve controllers (PC).
Towards In Vivo Testing of Software Applications
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Chu, Matt
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Software products released into the field typically have some number of residual bugs that either were not detected or could not have been detected during testing. This may be the result of flaws in the test cases themselves, assumptions made during the creation of test cases, or the infeasibility of testing the sheer number of possible configurations for a complex system. Testing approaches such as perpetual testing or continuous testing seek to continue to test these applications even after deployment, in hopes of finding any remaining flaws. In this paper, we present our initial work towards a testing methodology we call "in vivo testing"Â , in which unit tests are continuously executed inside a running application in the deployment environment. In this novel approach, unit tests execute within the current state of the program (rather than by creating a clean slate) without affecting or altering that state. Our approach has been shown to reveal defects both in the applications of interest and in the unit tests themselves. It can also be used for detecting concurrency or robustness issues that may not have appeared in a testing lab. Here we describe the approach, the testing framework we have developed for Java applications, classes of bugs our approach can discover, and the results of experiments to measure the added overhead.
Conchoid surfaces of spheres
Creators: name: Peternell, Martin
name: Gruber, David
name: Sendra, Juana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68W30, 14Q05

description: The conchoid of a surface $F$ with respect to given fixed point $O$ is roughly speaking the surface obtained by increasing the radius function with respect to $O$ by a constant. This paper studies {\it conchoid surfaces of spheres} and shows that these surfaces admit rational parameterizations. Explicit parameterizations of these surfaces are constructed using the relations to pencils of quadrics in $\R^3$ and $\R^4$. Moreover we point to remarkable geometric properties of these surfaces and their construction.
Spatial Modulation Microscopy for Real-Time Imaging of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Cells
Creators: name: Fairbairn, N.
name: Light, R. A.
name: Carter, R.
name: Fernandes, R.
name: Kanaras, A. G.
name: Elliott, T. J.
name: Somekh, M. G.
name: Pitter, M. C.
name: Muskens, O. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial modulation microscopy is a technique originally developed for quantitative spectroscopy of individual nano-objects. Here, a parallel implementation of the spatial modulation microscopy technique is demonstrated based on a line detector capable of demodulation at kHz frequencies. The capabilities of the imaging system are shown using an array of plasmonic nanoantennas and dendritic cells incubated with gold nanoparticles.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures
Exploring the essence of a memorable travel experience
Creators: name: Tung, Vincent Wing Sun
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 127-138
description: Today, the concept of a travel experience has become a focal point in tourism research and management. While academic studies have traditionally examined tourism products as a function of the optimal, satisfactory, quality and extraordinary experiences, our knowledge of a memorable experience (ME) remains poorly understood. This thesis sought to explore the essence of a memorable experience, in the context of travel, by utilizing research in psychology to understand the conceptual background of memory formation and retention, and to identify those types of travel experiences and key elements within a destination that were most frequently recollected as salient factors which contributed to visitors' MEs. This was accomplished via in-depth interviews with 208 respondents and their responses were subsequently content analyzed. The study ends with a discussion of the implications of these results for tourism practitioners and proposes several future research areas.
Gender and blindness : evaluating gender specific community interventions in Upper Egypt
Creators: name: Abdel Rahim, Ahmed Mousa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The prevalence of low vision and blindness is commonly high in developing countries. The majority (70%) of blindness burden is avoidable. Socioeconomic status and other community development aspects are highly affected by this burden. Cataract and Trachomatous Trichiasis are the major causes of avoidable blindness. Females are more affected by these diseases and less likely to use eye care services than males. Recently, the concept of multi-component intervention models was introduced to the research arena. There is a need for an integrated model that tackles different axes of blindness focusing on women. The current study adopts an integrated gender sensitive interventional model where community health education is its major component in addition other components including; screening and referral of eligible cases, breaking down barriers to eye care utilization, and capacity building of local eye care providers. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mode through a community interventional trial. The intervention was applied to two villages in rural Upper Egypt where two other villages served as control. The proposed model managed to increase community knowledge, enhance attitudes and practice along with reducing most of its specific barriers to eye care service utilization. As a result, service utilization at the local hospitals increased by 20.6 %. Cataract and Trachomatous Trichiasis surgical uptakes also increased by 36.9% and 41.4% respectively. The local provider’s efficacy improved by 8.9 % increase in post operative visual functioning score. Patient satisfaction improved by 16.6% among cataract patients and by 11.1% among trichiasis patients. Selection of local provider as the first choice increased by 31.1%. Consequently, the prevalence of cataract reduced by 16.3% (18.4% female specific), and trichiasis prevalence by 5.7 % (8.2% female specific). The overall prevalence of low vision and blindness decreased by 13.3 % (14.1% female specific) and 7.2% (9% female specific) respectively. Integrated community based interventions that tackle different aspects of the prevention of blindness are highly effective. Gender sensitive community health education should be the major component of such models. These models could be modified and tailored to address specific needs of target communities.