cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic image reconstruction
Creators: name: Zhou, Kevin
name: Zhang, Zongyi
name: Yang, Sean
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Our project’s main objective is to design and improve an accurate, reliable image reconstruction algorithm using the Delay and Sum method. The Fast Fourier Transform algorithm is also investigated to evaluate the efficiency and performance of our choice of algorithm. The developed MATLAB programs are to be able to take in the pre-beam-formed data acquired by the ultrasound system and reconstruct proper images of the planned seeds in the phantom. The developed algorithms should work to produce images with a satisfactory resolution for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials. Photoacoustic imaging is a fairly modern technique in the medical imaging filed, and it’s under rapid development. While the principle of photoacoustic effect and ultrasound wave production has been discovered more than a century ago, its potential application as a medical tool has really only come into development after the common use of ultrasound imaging and the availability of advanced ultrasound transducers. Our algorithms aim to reconstruct images using acquired data with a satisfactory resolution. Speed is also one consideration, as the algorithms have the potential to be integrated into a future system to achieve real-time imaging. Clarity of reconstruction judged from a qualitative standpoint, numerical analysis of signal to noise ratio (SNR), and some considerations of computation time were discussed in this document. Simulated data and experimental data, generated using phantoms constructed of metal seeds, were both used in analyzing the performance of our algorithms. Our findings suggest that while the computation time for both algorithms under identical situations is reasonably short for practical use, the FFT algorithm that we developed has shown significant SNR performance advantage over the Delay and Sum algorithm for homogeneous medium, indicating higher image quality. However, the FFT algorithm cannot reconstruct images using data obtained with inhomogeneous medium. Therefore, the Delay and Sum algorithm is a more viable image reconstruction algorithm to be used in various practical cases with medium not limited to homogenous materials.
Synthetic pulsar lightcurves from global kinetic simulations and comparison with the Fermi-LAT catalog
Creators: name: Cerutti, Benoît
name: Figueiredo, Enzo
name: Dubus, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotation-powered pulsars represent the main class of identified gamma-ray sources in the Galaxy. The wealth of observational data collected by the AGILE and Fermi gamma-ray space telescopes in the GeV range, and by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes in the TeV band provide invaluable insights into how relativistic plasmas dissipate and accelerate particles. Decoding the information contained in the gamma-ray pulses profile is an important step to understand how pulsars work. In this study, we aim at putting an ab initio plasma model of pulsar magnetospheres to the test, in light of the most recent gamma-ray observations in the GeV and TeV bands. To this end, we present of a new series of global particle-in-cell simulations of an inclined pulsar magnetosphere. High-quality synthetic pulse profiles in the synchrotron and inverse Compton channels are reconstructed to study in greater details their morphology and their energy dependence. We also perform a fit of observed lightcurves with the model, using the third Fermi-LAT gamma-ray pulsar catalog. Reconnection in the wind current sheet powers synchrotron and inverse Compton emission. The modeled pulse profiles reproduce some of the salient features of observed gamma-ray pulsars, including the mysterious Vela-like lightcurves, such as: the generic double-peaked structure, the presence of a bridge or third peak in between the main pulses, the pulse narrowing with increasing energy. The bolometric synchrotron radiative efficiency is strictly limited by the reconnection rate. Our global kinetic simulations are able to match observed pulse profiles. Such direct comparisons will help drive and focus future simulation developments.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 1 appendix, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Supplementary document for Electrically controllable self-assembly of gold nanorods into plasmonic nanostructure for highly efficiency SERS - 6148552.pdf
Creators: name: Dong, Jun
name: Yuan, Jiaxin
name: cao, yi
name: zhao, yizhen
name: Han, Qingyan
name: gao, wei
name: Li, Tuo
name: Zhu, Lipeng
name: Qi, Jianxia
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supporting Information( ID#477507)
title: The Long‐term Effects of Hospital Deliveries
Creators: name: Fischer, Martin
name: Karlsson, Martin
name: Prodromidis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Institutional delivery
subject: diffusion of innovations
subject: difference‐in‐discontinuities
subject: 610
subject: 330

description: This paper analyzes the long‐term effects on mortality and socio-economic outcomes from institutional delivery. We exploit two Swedish interventions that affected the costs of hospital deliveries and the supply of maternity wards during the 1926–46 period. Using exogenous variation in the supply of maternity wards to instrument the likelihood of institutional delivery, we find that delivery in hospital has substantial effects on later‐life outcomes such as education and mortality. We argue that a decrease in child morbidity due to better treatment of complications is a likely mechanism. This interpretation is corroborated by evidence from primary school performance, showing a large reduction in the probability of low performance. In contrast to an immediate and large take‐up in hospital deliveries as response to an increase in the supply, we find no increase in hospital births from the abolishment of fees – but some degree of displacement of high‐SES parents.
description: CINCH working paper series, vol. 2021, no. 05
TSCheater: Generating High-Quality Tibetan Adversarial Texts via Visual Similarity
Creators: name: Cao, Xi
name: Gesang, Quzong
name: Sun, Yuan
name: Qun, Nuo
name: Nyima, Tashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Language models based on deep neural networks are vulnerable to textual adversarial attacks. While rich-resource languages like English are receiving focused attention, Tibetan, a cross-border language, is gradually being studied due to its abundant ancient literature and critical language strategy. Currently, there are several Tibetan adversarial text generation methods, but they do not fully consider the textual features of Tibetan script and overestimate the quality of generated adversarial texts. To address this issue, we propose a novel Tibetan adversarial text generation method called TSCheater, which considers the characteristic of Tibetan encoding and the feature that visually similar syllables have similar semantics. This method can also be transferred to other abugidas, such as Devanagari script. We utilize a self-constructed Tibetan syllable visual similarity database called TSVSDB to generate substitution candidates and adopt a greedy algorithm-based scoring mechanism to determine substitution order. After that, we conduct the method on eight victim language models. Experimentally, TSCheater outperforms existing methods in attack effectiveness, perturbation magnitude, semantic similarity, visual similarity, and human acceptance. Finally, we construct the first Tibetan adversarial robustness evaluation benchmark called AdvTS, which is generated by existing methods and proofread by humans.
description: Camera-Ready Version; Accepted at ICASSP 2025
A novel application of real-time video streaming and recording to wheelchair skills training
Creators: name: Lu, Daniel L.
name: Liang, Anson
name: Douglas, Alec
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This project implements a novel application of wireless real-time video streaming technol- ogy for use in the remote training of new wheelchair users. Professional training for new wheelchair users can significantly improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of injury during wheelchair operation. However, such training is often expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to access in many areas. An alternative to one-on-one training with a therapist is to provide wheelchair users with a portable device which displays instructional videos about proper wheelchair operation technique. To this end, Dr. Ian Mitchell and Andy Kim of UBC Computer Science and Dr. William Miller and Ed Giesbrecht of UBC Occupational Sciences & Occupational Therapy have developed an application called EPICWheelS (Enhancing Participation In the Community by improving Wheelchair Skills) for tablet devices running the Android operating system. In addition to displaying instructional videos, EPICWheelS provides users with the ability to communicate with a remote wheelchair therapist through voicemail. This project explores the possibility of adding important functionality for the EPICWheelS app to allow a remote therapist to more effectively evaluate the performance of the wheelchair trainee. Our solution allows the app to wirelessly stream video from a camera mounted on a secondary Android device to a tablet running the application. This enables the user to record themselves demonstrating new skills. The video will be transmitted in real time from the camera device to the tablet over a WiFi network, and be simultaneously recorded by the tablet. The recorded video can then be uploaded to a wheelchair therapist for evaluation. Our solution achieves a satisfactory performance of 15 frames per second for videos with the standard VGA resolution (640 x 480 pixels) with jpeg compression per frame. The delay associated with transmitting the video from the camera device to the tablet is less than 300 ms and is acceptable for our purposes.
Generating large primordial fluctuations in single-field inflation for PBH formation
Creators: name: Kristiano, Jason
name: Yokoyama, Jun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to produce appreciable amount of primordial black holes (PBHs), the square amplitude of curvature perturbation must take a large value of $\mathcal{O}(0.01)$, namely, seven digits larger than the value observed by cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) on large scales. Such a large fluctuation can be achieved by violating the slow-roll (SR) condition within a short duration. The best known of such possibilities is the ultraslow-roll (USR) inflation. We calculate the power spectrum of curvature perturbation in a simple single-field inflation model which evolves through the SR-USR-SR regimes so that both large-amplitude small-scale fluctuation for PBH formation and small-amplitude large-scale fluctuation as observed by CMB are realized. We further calculate the bispectrum and one-loop correction to the power spectrum induced by the third-order action of curvature perturbation as the beginning of precision cosmology on small scales. As a result, we show that single-field inflation model realizing PBH formation can be constrained by the quantum correction.
description: Invited chapter to the book "Primordial Black Holes'', Springer 2024, ed. Chris Byrnes, Gabriele Franciolini, Tomohiro Harada, Paolo Pani, Misao Sasaki
Investigating the role of loneliness on episodic memory for social and emotional information
Creators: name: Adhikari, Nikita
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Loneliness, the affective state of perceived social isolation, is posited to shift cognition in ways thatprioritize information about potential social threats. One mechanism through which it is thought todo so is via increasing memory for social and negatively valenced information. Although someevidence suggests loneliness can increase memory for certain social and emotional stimuli, resultshave been mixed. One potential reason for this is that loneliness may differentially influencedifferent mechanisms of memory (e.g. scene as compared to associative). In two studies, weexamine how loneliness influences single-item and associative memory for social and emotionalinformation. In study 1, we assess how loneliness influences scene recognition. In study 2, weassess the influence of loneliness on item and background (associative) recognition. We also assessthe impact of loneliness on individuals’ approach/ avoid behavior across sociality and valenceconditions. Across our two studies, we find no significant main or interactive effect of lonelinesson memory. Studies find conflicting evidence for a role of emotion and valence in influencingmemory, with study 1 finding neutral items are remembered better than negative items and study 2finding social information is remembered better than non-social information. We also find no effectof loneliness on associative memory. But, consistent with prior literature, we find that associativememory for negative items is worse than for neutral ones. Exploratory analyses suggest lonelinessmay influence how individuals make approach and avoidance decisions in encoding, but resultsdiffer between studies and do not translate to effects in memory. Thus, more research is necessaryto understand how loneliness influences different components of memory.
Neural Networks and PCA coefficients to identify and correct aberrations in Adaptive Optics
Creators: name: Terreri, Alessandro
name: Pedichini, Fernando
name: Kasper, Markus
name: Moro, Dario Del
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: NCPA
AO
Neural Network
Principal Component Analysis
Multilayer Perceptron
Static aberrations
Wavefront Sensing

description: Static and quasi-static aberrations represent a great limit for high contrast imaging in large telescopes. Among them the most important ones are all the aberrations not corrected by Adaptive Optics (AO) system, called Non-Common Path Aberrations (NCPA).An estimate of the NCPA can be obtained by a trial-and-error approach or by more sophisticated techniques of focal plane wavefront sensing.In all cases, a fast procedure is desirable to limit the telescope downtime and to repeat, if needed, the correction procedure to cope with the temporal variation of the NCPA.In this presentation, through simulated images, I will describe the application of a supervised NN for the mitigation of NCPA in high contrast imaging at visible wavelengths. I will use a dataset of simulated images on which I will perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and use the "Principal Components scores" as input of a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP NN).In this presentation I show some results of the method on different simulated conditions and preliminary results obtained on an optical bench, called GHOST, at the ESO headquarters in Garching.
Time-dependent Hamiltonian Simulation via Magnus Expansion: Algorithm and Superconvergence
Creators: name: Fang, Di
name: Liu, Diyi
name: Sarkar, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hamiltonian simulation becomes more challenging as the underlying unitary becomes more oscillatory. In such cases, an algorithm with commutator scaling and a weak dependence, such as logarithmic, on the derivatives of the Hamiltonian is desired. We introduce a new time-dependent Hamiltonian simulation algorithm based on the Magnus series expansion that exhibits both features. Importantly, when applied to unbounded Hamiltonian simulation in the interaction picture, we prove that the commutator in the second-order algorithm leads to a surprising fourth-order superconvergence, with an error preconstant independent of the number of spatial grids. This extends the qHOP algorithm [An, Fang, Lin, Quantum 2022] based on first-order Magnus expansion, and the proof of superconvergence is based on semiclassical analysis that is of independent interest.
description: 45 pages
ChemFlow, chemometrics using Galaxy
Creators: name: Rossard, Virginie
name: Boulet, Jean-Claude
name: Gogé, Fabien
name: Latrille, Eric
name: Jean-Michel Roger
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in academic research and industry as simple, fast, cheap and safe measurement tool. The infrared data are displayed as spectra, and chemometric is a science which aims at extracting informations from spectra.

We are developing a comprehensive package which contains (1) a MOOC, CheMoocs, broadcasted in september 2016; (2) a chemometric tool, named ChemFlow, which is an application of Galaxy; and (3) a spectral database. We will focus on ChemFlow.

The required specifications were:

	a free tool;
	a tool which recycles code from Matlab, Scilab, R, Python and C;
	a tool accessible via internet with new devices such as smartphones.

That's why we chose Galaxy. ChemFlow is being implemented with our own functions. By now it includes most of the processing tools : import and convert our data; run chemometrics methods such as calibrations and classifications.

We are very satisfied of the performances of Chemflow running on a server. Nevertheless, some issues were fixed, others are still pending:

	Speed performance was improved by switching the Galaxy server to Apache and PostgreSQL.
	Hundreds of users are expected. We plan to deploy 2 servers of 48-cores each, without knowing how ChemFlow will behave with many users submitting little tasks.
	The graphical toolbox in Galaxy is our main work in progress, and we are currently implementing several original visualisation tools such as R-Shiny.
	The development of a specific toolshed is discussed.

As a summary, Galaxy is used in a new domain, chemometrics, adressed to a new user community, and will be a central platform for a new e-learning module, as a MOOC.
title: Elections and Political Polarisation: Challenges for Environmental Agreements
Creators: name: Spycher, Sarah
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Scienze economiche
Year: 2024

description: This paper examines the role of domestic elections and political polarisation in shaping international environmental agreements and how electoral dynamics may explain the limited success of current climate cooperation. I focus on two key factors: the impact of domestic electoral pressure on international policy decisions and the mismatch between short election cycles and long-term treaty commitments. Using a 4-stage game modelling a bilateral environmental agreement, I analyse how incumbents strategically balance policy preferences with reelection prospects. Results show that while a green incumbent is often forced to temper their ambitions, a brown incumbent faces fewer electoral constraints, explaining why stringent policies are harder to achieve. Nonetheless, electoral pressure can moderate policies, producing outcomes more aligned with the preferences of the median voter. Finally, I discuss how political polarisation, particularly in two party systems, adds complexity to international cooperation on global public goods.
Drawing with Distance
Creators: name: Jacobs, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Drawing (a multiset of) coloured balls from an urn is one of the most basic models in discrete probability theory. Three modes of drawing are commonly distinguished: multinomial (draw-replace), hypergeometric (draw-delete), and Polya (draw-add). These drawing operations are represented as maps from urns to distributions over multisets of draws. The set of urns is a metric space via the Kantorovich distance. The set of distributions over draws is also a metric space, using Kantorovich-over-Kantorovich. It is shown that these three draw operations are all isometries, that is, they exactly preserve the Kantorovich distances. Further, drawing is studied in the limit, both for large urns and for large draws. First it is shown that, as the urn size increases, the Kantorovich distances go to zero between hypergeometric and multinomial draws, and also between Pólya and multinomial draws. Second, it is shown that, as the drawsize increases, the Kantorovich distance goes to zero (in probability) between an urn and (normalised) multinomial draws from the urn. These results are known, but here, they are formulated in a novel metric manner as limits of Kantorovich distances. We call these two limit results the law of large urns and the law of large draws.
title: Zur Verwendung der Pronomen man, du und wir in Spracheinstellungsäußerungen
Creators: name: Angenendt, Vanessa
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 400

description: Die Masterarbeit mit dem Titel „Zur Verwendung der Pronomen man, du und wir in Spracheinstellungsäußerungen“ ist an der Schnittstelle von Soziolinguistik und Grammatik angesiedelt und greift ein Desiderat in der Spracheinstellungsforschung auf, indem sie sich mit Formen der Versprachlichung von Spracheinstellungen im Kontext migrationsbedingter Mehrsprachigkeit beschäftigt und diese in einem Mehrmethodensatz untersucht. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung ist die Beobachtung, dass Pronomen eine besondere Rolle im Rahmen von Positionierungsaktivitäten zukommt, indem sie zur Markierung von Allgemeinheitsansprüchen deskriptiver, normativer oder evaluativer Aussagen (oder den Verzicht auf Allgemeinheitsansprüche), zur sprachlichen Realisierung von Zugehörigkeit und Abgrenzung sowie zum Interaktionsmanagement dienen können. Das Ziel der Arbeit besteht darin, die grammatischen Strukturen, die Bedeutung sowie die Funktionen sprachlicher Muster im „Sprechen über Sprache(n)“ (Imo/Ziegler 2019: 75) aufzuzeigen.
Weak convergence of adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Brown, Austin
name: Rosenthal, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J05, 60J22,

description: This article develops general conditions for weak convergence of adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo processes and is shown to imply a weak law of large numbers for bounded Lipschitz continuous functions. This allows an estimation theory for adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo where previously developed theory in total variation may fail or be difficult to establish. Extensions of weak convergence to general Wasserstein distances are established along with a weak law of large numbers for possibly unbounded Lipschitz functions. Applications are applied to auto-regressive processes in various settings, unadjusted Langevin processes, and adaptive Metropolis-Hastings.
description: Fixed a typo in Assumption 4 and added improvements to Section 8
title: 2021: Band 3, Heft 02
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 400
subject: 300

description: Our Summer 2021 issue of Diamonds in the Rough provides pragmatic solutions. Advice about how to write your first song in the key of C Major, insights into sexism in politics, the advantages and disadvantages of unusual upbringings, reasons to listen to music, what menstruation means to the uterus, a wonderful recipe revealed by a less than wonderful relative, and an invitation to enjoy Anglophone Studies and Philosophy are among our topics. We offer thrills, too, in the form of an action-packed suspense story. Poetry and stunning art round out this issue.
description: Diamonds in the Rough: A Literary Magazine, vol. 3, no. 02
Beam bunch length measurement for the ARIEL e-LINAC
Creators: name: Vrielink, Alysson
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: The following document presents measurements conducted to determine and manipulate the beam bunch length in an electron linear accelerator at TRIUMF's new ARIEL facility. This method uses a radiofrequency resonant cavity that operates in a mode with transverse electromagnetic fields on axis. These fields deflect electrons by a magnitude dependent on the phase of the radiofrequency fields at the arrival time of the electron. Therefore, it is possible to convert the spread of electrons after the deflection to a profile of the beam in the time domain before it reached the deflecting cavity. This relationship between bunch length and vertical spread after the deflecting cavity requires that certain properties of the cavity be measured. In particular, the effective shunt impedance must be known, a parameter that gives the relationship between input power and effective cavity voltage. To obtain this measurement, we look at the effect of the deflecting cavity on the beam and compare this with results obtained from simulations using a 3D beam dynamics program, General Particle Tracer. Preliminary results suggest the effective shunt impedance of the deflecting cavity is 0.81MΩ, however this should be confirmed with further data collection. In addition to beam bunch length measurements, this project characterized the bunching cavity, a radio-frequency resonant cavity designed to focus the beam in the time domain. Using the bunching cavity in conjunction with the deflector cavity, we were able to measure the nominal bunching power for optimal focusing at the deflecting cavity to be 48.5W. When compared with computer simulations, the shunt impedance of the buncher was calculated to be 0.326MΩ. This shunt impedance can be used to determine the input power required for optimal temporal focusing of the beam at any point along the beamline. This is important as a focused bunch is highly desirable for downstream users. As these results are only a first estimate, it would be useful to do further data collection to confirm these values and obtain error bounds. In addition, the computer simulations could be improved by using more recent estimates of the input beam characteristics (standard deviation of the bunch in the x, y and z directions, beam energy, etc...). Having obtained the most accurate results possible for the shunt impedance of the deflecting cavity, a final recommendation would be to develop a program that can rapidly analyze images of the beam after the deflector and output the beam bunch length.
Post-Fukushima Prospects for Nuclear-Power Development in the United States, Germany, and Japan
Creators: name: Beaton, James Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident that followed the March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Japan has had far-reaching consequences. In order to properly assess and predict the impact of this event on industry, political opinion, and government policy, it is important to examine the political aftermath of the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents of March 28, 1979 and April 26, 1986 respectively. By considering these three incidents with regard to actions taken in response by the United States, Germany, and Japan, this paper grounds a dynamic issue in both temporal and geographical comparative perspective. It concludes with a closer look at the economic benefits and costs of nuclear power, and an evaluation of a few of the tenets of contemporary environmental policy as they relate to nuclear power.
Leader-Follower Density Control of Spatial Dynamics in Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems
Creators: name: Maffettone, Gian Carlo
name: Boldini, Alain
name: Porfiri, Maurizio
name: di Bernardo, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We address the problem of controlling the density of a large ensemble of follower agents by acting on a group of leader agents that interact with them. Using coupled partial integro-differential equations to describe leader and follower density dynamics, we establish feasibility conditions and develop two control architectures ensuring global stability. The first employs feed-forward control on the followers' and a feedback on the leaders' density. The second implements a dual feedback loop through a reference-governor that adapts the leaders' density based on both populations' measurements. Our methods, initially developed in a one-dimensional setting, are extended to multi-dimensional cases, and validated through numerical simulations for representative control applications, both for groups of infinite and finite size.
Heisenberg-limited adaptive gradient estimation for multiple observables
Creators: name: Wada, Kaito
name: Yamamoto, Naoki
name: Yoshioka, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum mechanics, measuring the expectation value of a general observable has an inherent statistical uncertainty that is quantified by variance or mean squared error of measurement outcome. While the uncertainty can be reduced by averaging several samples, the number of samples should be minimized when each sample is very costly. This is especially the case for fault-tolerant quantum computing that involves measurement of multiple observables of non-trivial states in large quantum systems that exceed the capabilities of classical computers. In this work, we provide an adaptive quantum algorithm for estimating the expectation values of $M$ general observables within root mean squared error $\varepsilon$ simultaneously, using $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-1}\sqrt{M}\log M)$ queries to a state preparation oracle of a target state. This remarkably achieves the scaling of Heisenberg limit $1/\varepsilon$, a fundamental bound on the estimation precision in terms of mean squared error, together with the sublinear scaling of the number of observables $M$. The proposed method is an adaptive version of the quantum gradient estimation algorithm and has a resource-efficient implementation due to its adaptiveness. Specifically, the space overhead in the proposed method is $\mathcal{O}(M)$ which is independent from the estimation precision $\varepsilon$ unlike non-iterative algorithms. In addition, our method can avoid the numerical instability problem for constructing quantum circuits in a large-scale task (e.g., $\varepsilon\ll 1$ in our case), which appears in the actual implementation of many algorithms relying on quantum signal processing techniques. Our method paves a new way to precisely understand and predict various physical properties in complicated quantum systems using quantum computers.
description: Final version, add new analytical and numerical results
Deep in the knotted black hole
Creators: name: Spadafora, Massimiliano
name: Naeem, Manar
name: Preciado-Rivas, María R.
name: Mann, Robert B.
name: Louko, Jorma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the transition rate of a freely falling Unruh-DeWitt detector, coupled linearly to a massless scalar quantum field prepared in the Hartle-Hawking-Israel state, as a probe of the interior of a black hole. Specifically, we consider the transition rate of a detector in the spinless Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole as it freely falls toward and across the horizon and compare it to the corresponding situation for an $\mathbb{R}\text{P}^{2}$ geon. Both the BTZ black hole and its geon counterpart are quotients of $\text{AdS}_3$ spacetime that are identical exterior to the horizon but have different interior topologies. We find outside the horizon that the rates are qualitatively similar, but with the amplitude in the geon spacetime larger than in the BTZ case. Once the detector crosses the horizon, there are notable distinctions characterized by different discontinuities in the temporal derivative of the response rate. These discontinuities can appear outside the horizon if the detector is switched on at a sufficiently early time, within the past white hole horizon. In general, the detector can act as an `early warning system' that both spots the black hole horizon and discerns its interior topology.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures. v2: expanded presentation, added references. v3: typo corrections
The Quantomagnet theory. Step 1- New Concepts and Ideas.pdf
Creators: name: Andishe Online Germany(AOG), Research Institute
name: Tabesh, Faramarz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 519999
subject: Other physical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Note: This article is also available on Zenodo under a different title — “Appearance of instinctive characteristics – Step 1: New Concepts and Ideas” (DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15269607]). The content is identical; the title variation emphasizes a different conceptual framing of the same material.This article constitutes the introductory section of a comprehensive research study. The first installment has been published in six languages—English, French, Persian, German, Spanish, and Arabic—and is available on the official website of the Andishe Online Germany (AOG) research institute. Subsequent volumes of this study will be published in forthcoming editions.
In this paper, we outline a set of novel physical concepts related to the emergence of intrinsic properties and provide a preliminary explanation of the mechanisms underlying their operation at both the quantum and material levels.All articles published by this institute are accompanied by a formal certificate verifying authorship and origin. This certificate includes the researcher's name, the institute's name (AOG), a unique archive code, and the official publication date.
To use this article in any form, the full certificate must be cited alongside, including all these elements.
This policy only applies to publications released by the Andishe Online Germany (AOG) research institute. If you are downloading this article from a scientific platform, the specific policies of that platform apply.Thanks for your understanding.
Research Institute: Andishe Online Germany (AOG)
Sums of values of non-principal characters over shifted primes
Creators: name: Rakhmonov, Zarullo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a nonprincipal character $χ$ modulo $D$, when $x\ge D^{\frac56+\varepsilon}$, $(l,D) = 1$, we prove a nontrivial estimate of the form $\sum_{n\le x}Λ(n)χ(n-l)\ll x\exp\left(-0.6\sqrt{\ln D}\right)$ for the sum of values of $χ$ over a sequence of shifted primes. Bibliography: 41 references.
description: This is an updated version of the paper published under the same title in 2018. Refer to the DOI provided below
Near-ideal relaxed MHD in slab geometry
Creators: name: Tavassoli, Arash
name: Hudson, Stuart R.
name: Qu, Zhisong
name: Hole, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the solutions of the relaxed MHD model (RxMHD) of Dewar \& Qu [J. Plasma Phys. {\bf 88}, 835880101 (2022)]. This model generalizes Taylor relaxation by including the ideal Ohm's law constraint using an augmented Lagrangian method, providing a pathway to extend the multi-region relaxed MHD (MRxMHD) model. We present the first numerical solution of the RxMHD model by Dewar \& Qu, demonstrating that it is mathematically well-defined and computationally feasible for constructing MHD equilibria in slab geometry. We also show that a cross-field flow can exist without enforcing an arbitrary constraint on the angular momentum, as is done in the case of MRxMHD with flow. Our results also demonstrate the self-organization of fully relaxed regions during the optimization, which was an important motivation behind developing this model.
Cryo-CMOS Integrated Circuits for Silicon Qubits in the Quantum Computing Stack Slides
Creators: Stefano Pellerano
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2024

Webinar Slides
Abstract: Scaling a fault-tolerant quantum computer to millions of qubits required for running a practical algorithm is a daunting challenge. Silicon spin qubits are a potential technology for the scalable implementation of quantum computers thanks to their transistor-like footprint and compatibility with industrial silicon manufacturing. CMOS integrated circuits operating at cryogenic temperature can offer significantly higher system integration and enable scalability for future quantum computers. Complex System-on-Chips (SoCs) with digital, analog and RF capabilities can be integrated with sufficiently low power consumption to be compatible with the requirements of dilution refrigerators. This talk gives an overview of cryo-CMOS integrated circuits for qubit control as a solution to alleviate the cabling bottlenecks that arise with scalability, at all stages of the experimental quantum computing stack, from 4K to within the qubit chip itself at mK.
Language Models are Crossword Solvers
Creators: name: Saha, Soumadeep
name: Chakraborty, Sutanoya
name: Saha, Saptarshi
name: Garain, Utpal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: Crosswords are a form of word puzzle that require a solver to demonstrate a high degree of proficiency in natural language understanding, wordplay, reasoning, and world knowledge, along with adherence to character and length constraints. In this paper we tackle the challenge of solving crosswords with large language models (LLMs). We demonstrate that the current generation of language models shows significant competence at deciphering cryptic crossword clues and outperforms previously reported state-of-the-art (SoTA) results by a factor of 2-3 in relevant benchmarks. We also develop a search algorithm that builds off this performance to tackle the problem of solving full crossword grids with out-of-the-box LLMs for the very first time, achieving an accuracy of 93% on New York Times crossword puzzles. Additionally, we demonstrate that LLMs generalize well and are capable of supporting answers with sound rationale.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 6 Appendix. Accepted to NAACL 2025
Einstein gravity from the Einstein action: Counterterms and covariance
Creators: name: Krššák, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field equations of general relativity can be derived from the Einstein action, which is quadratic in connection coefficients, rather than the standard action involving the Gibbons-Hawking-York term and counterterm. We show that it is possible to construct a new counterterm directly for the Einstein action, which removes divergences and naturally introduces a flat reference spacetime. The total action is then covariant under simultaneous transformation of both the spacetime and reference tetrads, and argue that this is analogous to the Gibbons-Hawking action. We then explore different perspectives arising naturally from different uses of the reference tetrad, and explore implications of viewing gravity as fundamentally described in terms of non-covariant connection coefficients.
description: v2: some comments and references added, published version
Physical networks become what they learn
Creators: name: Stern, Menachem
name: Guzman, Marcelo
name: Martins, Felipe
name: Liu, Andrea J
name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical networks can develop diverse responses, or functions, by design, evolution or learning. We focus on electrical networks of nodes connected by resistive edges. Such networks can learn by adapting edge conductances to lower a cost function that penalizes deviations from a desired response. The network must also satisfy Kirchhoff's law, balancing currents at nodes, or, equivalently, minimizing total power dissipation by adjusting node voltages. The adaptation is thus a double optimization process, in which a cost function is minimized with respect to conductances, while dissipated power is minimized with respect to node voltages. Here we study how this physical adaptation couples the cost landscape, the landscape of the cost function in the high-dimensional space of edge conductances, to the physical landscape, the dissipated power in the high-dimensional space of node voltages. We show how adaptation links the physical and cost Hessian matrices, suggesting that the physical response of networks to perturbations holds significant information about the functions to which they are adapted.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Orthogonal involutions over fields with I^3=0
Creators: name: Becher, Karim Johannes
name: Bingöl, Fatma Kader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16K20, 16W10, 11E39

description: We provide upper bounds on the u-invariant for skew-hermitian forms over a quaternion algebra with its canonical involution in terms of the u-invariant of the base field F of characteristic different from 2 when I^3F = 0.
description: 23 pages
A stochastic field theory for the evolution of quantitative traits in finite populations
Creators: name: Bhat, Ananda Shikhara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92D15 (Primary) 92D25, 60H15, 60J68, 60J70 (Secondary)

description: Infinitely many distinct trait values may arise in populations bearing quantitative traits, and modeling their population dynamics is thus a formidable task. While classical models assume fixed or infinite population size, models in which the total population size fluctuates due to demographic noise in births and deaths can behave qualitatively differently from constant or infinite population models due to density-dependent dynamics. In this paper, I present a stochastic field theory for the eco-evolutionary dynamics of finite populations bearing one-dimensional quantitative traits. I derive stochastic field equations that describe the evolution of population densities, trait frequencies, and the mean value of any trait in the population. These equations recover well-known results such as the replicator-mutator equation, Price equation, and gradient dynamics in the infinite population limit. For finite populations, the equations describe the intricate interplay between natural selection, noise-induced selection, eco-evolutionary feedback, and neutral genetic drift in determining evolutionary trajectories. My work uses ideas from statistical physics, calculus of variations, and SPDEs, providing alternative methods that complement the measure-theoretic martingale approach that is more common in the literature.
description: Main text is 36 pages long (with references) and contains two figures; Supplementary material is 35 pages long (with references) and contains one figure
Generative Artificial Intelligence-Guided User Studies: An Application for Air Taxi Services
Creators: name: Xiao, Shengdi
name: Li, Jingjing
name: Fushimi, Tatsuki
name: Ochiai, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: User studies are crucial for meeting user needs. In user studies, real experimental scenarios and participants are constructed and recruited. However, emerging and unfamiliar studies face limitations, including safety concerns and iterative efficiency. To address these challenges, this study utilises a Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) to create GenAI-generated scenarios for user experience (UX). By recruiting real users to evaluate this experience, we can collect feedback that enables rapid iteration in the early design phase. The air taxi is particularly representative of these challenges and has been chosen as the case study for this research. The key contribution was designing an Air Taxi Journey (ATJ) using Large Language Models (LLMs) and AI image and video generators. Based on the GPT-4-generated scripts, key visuals were created for the air taxi, and the ATJ was evaluated by 72 participants. Furthermore, the LLMs demonstrated the ability to identify and suggest environments that significantly improve participants' willingness toward air taxis. Education level and gender significantly influenced participants' the difference in willingness and their satisfaction with the ATJ. Satisfaction with the ATJ serves as a mediator, significantly influencing participants' willingness to take air taxis. Our study confirms the capability of GenAI to support user studies, providing a feasible approach and valuable insights for designing air taxi UX in the early design phase.
description: 39 pages, 6 main figures, 10 appendix figures
Limits of nodal surfaces and applications
Creators: name: Ciliberto, Ciro
name: Galati, Concettina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B07, 14J17, 14C20

description: Let $\mathcal X\to\mathbb D$ be a flat family of projective complex 3-folds over a disc $\mathbb D$ with smooth total space $\mathcal X$ and smooth general fibre $\mathcal X_t,$ and whose special fiber $\mathcal X_0$ has double normal crossing singularities, in particular, $\mathcal X_0=A\cup B$, with $A$, $B$ smooth threefolds intersecting transversally along a smooth surface $R=A\cap B.$ In this paper we first study the limit singularities of a $δ$--nodal surface in the general fibre $S_t\subset\mathcal X_t$, when $S_t$ tends to the central fibre in such a way its $δ$ nodes tend to distinct points in $R$. The result is that the limit surface $S_0$ is in general the union $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$, with $S_A\subset A$, $S_B\subset B$ smooth surfaces, intersecting on $R$ along a $δ$-nodal curve $C=S_A\cap R=S_B\cap B$. Then we prove that, under suitable conditions, a surface $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ as above indeed deforms to a $δ$--nodal surface in the general fibre of $\mathcal X\to\mathbb D$. As applications we prove that there are regular irreducible components of the Severi variety of degree $d$ surfaces with $δ$ nodes in $\mathbb P^3$, for every $δ\leq {d-1\choose 2}$ and of the Severi variety of complete intersection $δ$-nodal surfaces of type $(d,h)$, with $d\geq h-1$ in $\mathbb P^4$, for every $δ\leq {{d+3}\choose 3}-{{d-h+1}\choose 3}-1.$
description: Final version, incorporating referee's corrections, 28 pages, 1 figure