Rhinolophus thailandensis Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa 2009
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus thailandensis

description: 105. Thailand Horseshoe Bat <i>Rhinolophus thailandensis</i> French: Rhinolophe <i>deThaïlande</i> / <b>German:</b> Thailand-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura de Tailandia <b>Other common names:</b> Thai Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. <i>hinolophus</i> <i>thailandensis Wu</i> Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa, 2009, “ from a cave, Doi Chang Kiang, Chiang <b>Mai</b>, Thailand, at an altitude of 1,790 m.” <i>Rhinolophus thailandensis</i> is included in the <i>pearsonii</i> species group along <b>with</b> <i> R. <i>yunanensis, R. chiewkweeae,</i> and <i>R. pearsonii.</i> The <i>pearsonii</i> group appears to be close to the <i>trifoliatus</i> and <i>hipposideros</i> species groups, although more taxon-inclusive studies are needed to confirm this relationship. It has only recendy been recognized as a species distinct from <i>R.yunanensis.</i> The study in which this <i>species</i> was described included <i>only</i> studied specimens of <i>R.yunanensis</i> from Sichuan and Yunnan, China, and Thailand, identifying each as a distinct species. The rest of the distribution allocated to <i>R.yunanensis</i> has not <i>yet</i> been compared to either taxon, and further studies are needed to identify which populations represent which species. Until then, <i>R. thailandensis</i> is still considered to be <i>restricted</i> to Thailand and probably Cambodia; the rest of the distribution is tentatively attributed to <i>R.yunanensis.</i> Monotypic.</i> <b>Distribution.</b> Known with certainty only from Chiang Mai <i>Province</i>, NW Thailand, although it is probably the species that occurs in NW, W &amp; SE Thailand, including Tarutao I; specimens from Cambodia, found to be intermediate in size between Dobson’s Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> (. <i>yunanensis)</i> and Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat (. <i>pearsonii),</i> are also tentatively included in this species. <b>Descriptive</b> notes. Head—body 63—72 mm, tail 18—24 mm, ear 26- 2—32 mm, hindfoot 11 • 1-15 mm, forearm 56-2-61- 2 mm. Dorsal pelage is buffy to deep brown (hairs whitish or pale at base, with brown tips) and the ventral pelage is a little lighter and grayer (hairs gray based with <i>buffy</i> brown tips). Ears are large. Noseleafhas a long, triangular, straight-sided lancet; connecting process forms a low rounded arch; sella has a wide base <i>that narrows</i> toward the middle, and tapers <i>slighdy</i> toward the dp; horseshoe is wide, covering the whole muzzle, and has a deep and distinct median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Baculum is relatively long (4 mm long) and has a <i>relatively</i> strong basal cone (weak compared to that of Dobson’s Horseshoe <b>Bat</b>), and a roughly cylindrical shaft; tip is narrowly rounded off and laterally widened. Skull is large and robust (zygomatic width much greater than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are longer than wide (width is greater than in Dobson’s Horseshoe Bat); lateral swellings are much larger than the anterior ones; sagittal crest is strong, <i>especially</i> anteriorly; frontal <i>depression</i> is <i>relatively</i> shallow; supraorbital crests are low but well defined. C1 is strong and well developed; P2 is large and in the tooth row; P3 is moderate in size and more or less extruded from the tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 60 and FNa = 64 (Thailand). Habitat. Tropical forest. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. Dietary components of 31 fecal pellets comprised mostly Coleoptera (43-2% by volume), Hemiptera (32-0%), and Homoptera (12-3%), although small amounts of Diptera (5-5%), Lepidoptera (3-5%), Ephemeroptera (1-9%), Orthoptera (0-6%), Trichoptera (0-5%), and Hymenoptera (0-3%) were also detected. Breeding. No information. Activity <b>patterns.</b> The Thailand Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves. Call shape is FM/CF/ FM with a peak F recorded at 49-50-9 kHz in Thailand, and 53-6 kHz in Cambodia. <b>Movements, Home range and Social</b> organization. No information. <b>Status and</b> Conservation. Not assessed on <i>The IUCNed List.</i> Until the taxonomy of the Thailand Horseshoe Bat is clarified, the species cannot be <i>fully</i> assessed. <b>Bibliography.</b> Francis (2008), Harada eta/. (1985), <i>Ith</i>, Csorba et al. (2011), Weterings et al. (2015), Wu Yi, Harada &amp; Motokawa (2009).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 331, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525