cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chandra view of Kes 79: a nearly isothermal SNR with rich spatial structure
Creators: name: Sun, M.
name: Seward, F. D.
name: Smith, R. K.
name: Slane, P. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 30 ks \chandra ACIS-I observation of Kes 79 reveals rich spatial structures, including many filaments, three partial shells, a loop and a ``protrusion''. Most of them have corresponding radio features. Regardless of the different results from two non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) codes, temperatures of different parts of the remnant are all around 0.7 keV, which is surprisingly constant for a remnant with such rich structure. If thermal conduction is responsible for smoothing the temperature gradient, a lower limit on the thermal conductivity of $\sim$ 1/10 of the Spitzer value can be derived. Thus, thermal conduction may play an important role in the evolution of at least some SNRs. No spectral signature of the ejecta is found, which suggests the ejecta material has been well mixed with the ambient medium. From the morphology and the spectral properties, we suggest the bright inner shell is a wind-driven shell (WDS) overtaken by the blast wave (the outer shell) and estimate the age of the remnant to be $\sim$ 6 kyr for the assumed dynamics. Projection is also required to explain the complicated morphology of Kes 79.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures (3 in color), ApJ, in press, April 20, 2004
A Matlab Toolbox for Feature Importance Ranking
Creators: name: Yu, Shaode
name: Zhang, Zhicheng
name: Liang, Xiaokun
name: Wu, Junjie
name: Zhang, Erlei
name: Qin, Wenjian
name: Xie, Yaoqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: More attention is being paid for feature importance ranking (FIR), in particular when thousands of features can be extracted for intelligent diagnosis and personalized medicine. A large number of FIR approaches have been proposed, while few are integrated for comparison and real-life applications. In this study, a matlab toolbox is presented and a total of 30 algorithms are collected. Moreover, the toolbox is evaluated on a database of 163 ultrasound images. To each breast mass lesion, 15 features are extracted. To figure out the optimal subset of features for classification, all combinations of features are tested and linear support vector machine is used for the malignancy prediction of lesions annotated in ultrasound images. At last, the effectiveness of FIR is analyzed according to performance comparison. The toolbox is online (https://github.com/NicoYuCN/matFIR). In our future work, more FIR methods, feature selection methods and machine learning classifiers will be integrated.
Mutant Huntingtin-mediated alterations of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor currents and downstream events underlying enhanced excitotoxicity in Huntington's disease
Creators: name: Fernandes, Herman Brian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Expansion of a CAG repeat in the Huntington disease (HD) gene results in progressive neuronal loss, particularly of medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum (MSNs). Previous studies suggest that increased activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) and altered mitochondrial function contribute to selective neuronal degeneration. Here I utilized MSNs obtained from transgenic mice expressing human huntingtin (htt) on a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) to study alterations in NMDAR function and possible downstream consequences, particularly in regards to altered calcium (Ca²⁺) handling and mitochondrial function. I examined the relationship between the length of the polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in mutant htt (mhtt) and NMDAR currents in MSNs in vitro. I found that NMDAR current density was significantly enhanced in YAC72 MSNs compared to wild type (WT), YAC18, YAC46 and YAC128 MSNs, and that there was a trend toward larger NMDAR current density with increasing polyQ length for YAC 18, YAC46 and YAC72 MSNs. This increase was selective for NMDARs and occurred in a neuronal type-specific fashion. The mechanism for increased NMDAR current in YAC72 MSNs appears due to a mhtt-mediated increase in trafficking of NMDARs to the plasma membrane. While NMDA-induced apoptosis is enhanced in YAC128 MSNs, I found the initial steps in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, including NMDAR current and cytosolic Ca²⁺ loading, are similar to those observed in WT MSNs. In contrast, the NMDAR mediated Ca²⁺ load triggered a significantly greater depolarization of mitochondria in YAC 128 MSNs, suggesting that NMDAR signaling via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is altered. YAC128 MSNs demonstrated impaired cytosolic Ca²⁺ clearance following NMDA application, a difference that was not apparent following depolarization-evoked Ca²⁺ entry. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) reduced peak cytosolic Ca²⁺ and mitochondrial depolarization evoked by NMDA in YAC128, but not WT, MSNs. Hence, in contrast to YAC models with moderate CAG expansions, enhanced NMDA-induced apoptosis in YAC 128 MSNs is largely due to augmented mitochondrial sensitivity to Ca²⁺-induced activation of the mPT. These findings suggest that the CAG repeat length can influence the mechanism by which mhtt enhances NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. However, as signaling pathways activated by strong NMDAR stimulation converge on mitochondria in all YAC HD models, bolstering mitochondrial function and/or inhibiting the mPT represent possible therapeutic targets.
A neural network multigrid solver for the Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Margenberg, Nils
name: Hartmann, Dirk
name: Lessig, Christian
name: Richter, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present the deep neural network multigrid solver (DNN-MG) that we develop for the instationary Navier-Stokes equations. DNN-MG improves computational efficiency using a judicious combination of a geometric multigrid solver and a recurrent neural network with memory. DNN-MG uses the multi-grid method to classically solve on coarse levels while the neural network corrects interpolated solutions on fine ones, thus avoiding the increasingly expensive computations that would have to be performed there. This results in a reduction in computation time through DNN-MG's highly compact neural network. The compactness results from its design for local patches and the available coarse multigrid solutions that provides a "guide" for the corrections. A compact neural network with a small number of parameters also reduces training time and data. Furthermore, the network's locality facilitates generalizability and allows one to use DNN-MG trained on one mesh domain also on different ones. We demonstrate the efficacy of DNN-MG for variations of the 2D laminar flow around an obstacle. For these, our method significantly improves the solutions as well as lift and drag functionals while requiring only about half the computation time of a full multigrid solution. We also show that DNN-MG trained for the configuration with one obstacle can be generalized to other time dependent problems that can be solved efficiently using a geometric multigrid method.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures
Detections of the 2175 ÅDust Feature at 1.4z 1.5 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Wang, Junfeng
name: Hall, Patrick B.
name: Ge, Jian
name: Li, Aigen
name: Schneider, Donald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strongest spectroscopic dust extinction feature in the Milky Way, the broad absorption bump at 2175 Å, is generally believed to be caused by aromatic carbonaceous materials -- very likely a mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, the most abundant and widespread organic molecules in the Milky Way galaxy. In this paper we report identifications of this absorption feature in three galaxies at $1.4 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.5$ which produce intervening MgII absorption toward quasars discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The observed spectra can be fit using Galactic-type extinction laws, characterized by parameters [R_V, E(B-V)] ~ [0.7, 0.14], [1.9, 0.13], and [5.5, 0.23], respectively, where R_V=A_V/E(B-V) is the total-to-selective extinction ratio, E(B-V) = A_B-A_V is the color-excess. These discoveries imply that the dust in these distant quasar absorption systems is similar in composition to that of Milky Way, but with a range of different grain size distributions. The presence of complex aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in such distant galaxies is important for both astrophysical and astrobiological investigations.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ July 10 issue
Asteroid migration due to the Yarkovsky effect and the distribution of the Eos family
Creators: name: Xu, Yang-Bo
name: Zhou, Li-Yong
name: Lhotka, Christoph
name: Ip, Wing-Huen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a linearized model of the Yarkovsky effect, we investigate in this paper the dependence of the semimajor axis drift $Δa$ of a celestial body on its size, spinning obliquity, initial orbit and thermal parameters on its surface. With appropriate simplification and approximation, we obtain the analytical solutions to the perturbation equations for the motion of asteroids influenced by the Yarkovsky effect, and they are then verified by numerical simulations of the full equations of motion. These solutions present explicitly the dependencies of $Δa$ on the thermal and dynamical parameters of the asteroid. With these analytical formulae for $Δa$, we investigate the combined seasonal and diurnal Yarkovsky effects. The critical points where the migration direction reverses are calculated and the consequent selective effects according to the size and rotation state of asteroids are discussed. %Solely the Yarkovsky effect is found to be able to produce some ring structure in the aged circumstellar debris disk. Finally, we apply the analytical formulae to calculate the migration of Eos family members. The space distribution of asteroids is well reproduced. Our calculations suggest that statistically the orientations of spin axes of family members satisfy a random-obliquity distribution, and the rotation rate $ω_{\rm rot}$ of asteroid depends on its size $R$ by $ω_{\rm rot}\propto R^{-1}$.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
KAP-COVID-HCW STUDY - Questionnaire.pdf
Creators: name: Olum, Ronald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services

description: Questionnaire used to assess KAPS among HCW at Makerere University Teaching Hospital
Keynote Paper: Cell-Surface Adhesive Interactions in Microchannels and Microvessels
Creators: name: King, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Adhesive interactions between white blood cells and the interior surface of the blood vessels they contact is important in inflammation and in the progression of heart disease. Parallel-plate microchannels have been useful in characterizing the strength of these interactions, in conditions that are much simplified over the complex environment these cells experience in the body. Recent computational and experimental work by several laboratories have attempted to bridge this gap between behavior observed in flow chamber experiments, and cell-surface interactions observed in the microvessels of anesthetized animals.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency in the ocean
Creators: name: Sherman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: The foundation of almost every ecosystem on Earth relies on photosynthetic organisms to convert sunlight energy into chemical bond energy. In aquatic ecosystems a diverse group of single celled organisms called phytoplankton are the prevalent gateway for biological energy, responsible for nearly half of Earth’s net primary production. Consequently, phytoplankton play a vital role not only in the dynamics of their respective environment, but also in global geochemical cycles. The first step in the photosynthetic process is the absorption of light energy, which can then drive a photochemical reaction, or alternatively dissipate via fluorescence or thermal dissipation. The efficiency of each pathway and the partitions between them collectively denote the physiological state of phytoplankton, which ultimately controls phytoplankton primary production. The research presented in this dissertation examines the mechanisms by which phytoplankton physiologically acclimate and adapt to rapid variations in nutrients and light. The methodological approach in this research relies on simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll a variable fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime in a laboratory study and in two oceanographic cruises. With this approach both the photochemical and fluorescence emission pathways efficiencies are directly measured, and the thermal dissipation efficiency is inferred. In chapter 1, I present a review of the topic. In chapter 2, I examine the role a family of LHCx proteins plays in photoprotection and regulation of the light harvesting complex functional size in diatoms. In chapter 3, focused on the West Antarctic Peninsula, I demonstrate the potential simultaneous measurements of the photochemical and fluorescence efficiencies have as a rapid diagnostic tool for in situ assessments of phytoplankton physiology in response to iron limitation. In chapter 4, I examine dynamics in phytoplankton physiology across the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean in response to infrequent upwelling events.
Tegenaria agrestis
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Agelenidae
Tegenaria
Tegenaria agrestis

description: Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802)
NEW DATA. — Vernante: Palanfrè, Gias della Luia, Alpine pasture, 1600 m, 3.VII.2010, 3♂, 2♀, leg. B. Rizzioli; Palanfrè, Pascariund, Alpine pasture, 1600 m, 30.VII-30.VIII.2010, 1♂.
CHOROTYPE. — OLA.
MACROHABITAT. — Alpine pastures.
NOTES. — New record for the study area.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
On Calorie Counting and Growth Accounting
Creators: name: Kinsey, Jean
name: Nadav, Carmel
name: Kinsey, Jean
name: Nadav, Carmel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Nutritional Status
subject: Efficiency Wage Hypothesis
subject: Productivity
subject: Economic Development

description: This study provides a link between the efficiency wage hypothesis and the current literature of economic growth. An analysis of the interactions between food intake and other productivity determinants in various nations shows that nutritional status is an important long run determinant of productivity and economic development. The paper corroborates rtcent empirical evidences that reject global convergence in favor of conditional convergence of per capita income between countries. The novelty of the present results is that having determined the existence of clubs, based on their 1961 level of caloric intake, these clubs reveal distinct patterns of productivity and growth.
Quantifying Long Run Agricultural Risks and Evaluating Farmer Responses to Risk: Proceedings of a Seminar sponsored by Southern Research Project S-232
Creators: name: Mara, Michele C.
name: Mara, Michele C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Managing Groundwater Quality Under Uncertainty, D. Sunding, D. Zilbennan, and G. Rausser; Social Capital and Catastrophic Risk Responses, L. J. Robison and S.D. Hanson;
Thermal Timescale Mass Transfer and the Evolution of White Dwarf Binaries
Creators: name: Ivanova, Natalia
name: Taam, Ronald E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of binaries consisting of evolved main sequence stars (1 < M_d/Msun < 3.5) with white dwarf companions (0.7 < M_wd/Msun < 1.2) is investigated through the thermal mass transfer phase. Taking into account the stabilizing effect of a strong, optically thick wind from the accreting white dwarf surface, we have explored the formation of several evolutionary groups of systems for progenitors with initial orbital periods of 1 and 2 days. The numerical results show that CO white dwarfs can accrete sufficient mass to evolve to a Type Ia supernova and ONeMg white dwarfs can be built up to undergo accretion induced collapse for donors more massive than about 2 Msun. For donors less massive than ~2 Msun the system can evolve to form a He and CO or ONeMg white dwarf pair. In addition, sufficient helium can be accumulated (~0.1 Msun) in systems characterized by 1.6 < M_d/Msun < 1.9 and 0.8 < M_wd/Msun < 1 such that sub Chandrasekhar mass models for Type Ia supernovae, involving off center helium ignition, are possible for progenitor systems evolving via the Case A mass transfer phase. For systems characterized by mass ratios > 3 the system likely merges as a result of the occurrence of a delayed dynamical mass transfer instability. A semi-analytical model is developed to delineate these phases which can be easily incorporated in population synthesis studies of these systems.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, Latex, emulateapj style, ApJ accepted
Evaluation of Crop-Cut Methods and Farmer Reports for Estimating Crop Production: Results of a Methodological Study in Five African Countries
Creators: name: Verma, Vijay
name: Marchant, Tim
name: Scott, Chris
name: Verma, Vijay
name: Marchant, Tim
name: Scott, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: This report mm•ins lbe reaults of five metbodok,gicel lbldies carried oat ia different COllllbies in Africa during lbe c:oune of 1987. The participating CIDlllllries were: Benin, Centrel Africu Republic, Keay,. N°Jger and z.imbabwe. Each COlllllry carried out lbe study, using a common experimenteJ design, with the objective of comparing crop esti -mates bued on the classic 'crop-cut' method with estimates -obtained by asking fanners direc:tly to state their production. Both types of estimates were compared egainst a com -plete barvest and weighing of the sampled plots. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that estimates of production ob­tained by interviewing farmers could be at least es accurate as estimates obtained through physical measurement involving crop-cutting on sample subplots. If this could be demonstrated, it would make pos­ul>le the introduction of a number of cheaper ud more efficient improvements to the sample design ud to the manner in which large-scale production surveys arc executed. The data from all five studies were pooled ud analyzed together. They gave the following results: 1) Estimates based on square -cuts ap -pear to result in serious over-esti -mates - by around 30%. There is considerable variability among countries however with the over-estimate ranging from 15-40%. 2) Farmers estimates are n:marbbly dOIC to ac:tua1 production figures in all countries, varying from -8% to + 7%. They also display considerably smaller variances than the crop-cut estimates. 3) Farmers estimates obtained before harvest. (forecasts) arc also good at pmlic::ting production levels but are subject to significantly greater variance. 4) Farmers estimates of planted area do not appear to provide a viable alternative to objective area measurements and gave very considerable over-estimates. When analyzed separately, each of the five country studies confirmed ud supported the overall conclusions noted above. The results, thus, strongly support the study hypothesis and indicate that, under a wide range of ge -ograpbical, soc:ial, ud administrative condi -lions, farmers' post harvest estimates per­formed in a superior fCl$hion to the so -called objective method both in terms of predicting the average value ud hawig a smaller variance.
Who's talking now? : an exploratory study examining nurses' involvement in parent-child communication related to sexual health and the factors that influence this involvement
Creators: name: Alexander, Sandra Dee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections can negatively impact the health of adolescents. Teens require sexual health education to assist them in making informed choices regarding their sexual health. School-based sexual health education is one means in which adolescents acquire this knowledge. Another important source for this information, as identified in the literature, is from their parents. There are a number of studies that suggest that many parents may require support to enhance their ability to effectively communicate with their children about sexual health. Nurses are in a prime position to assist families with sexual health communication. However, there is a dearth in the literature regarding nurses' involvement in parent-child sexual health communication. The qualitative research method of focused ethnography was used to investigate nurses involvement with parent-child communication related to sexual health. Data were obtained from twelve community health nurses during audio-taped interviews. Trigger questions were used to explore nurses' practice related to their involvement with families and sexual health communication. Content and thematic analyses were used to identify themes in the data. Data analysis revealed that nurses do not necessarily initiate sexual health communication discussion with families. However, families often come to nurses, through the programs they carry out with the public, to ask questions related to sexual health and communication. Nurses support families in a number of ways. Nurses believe that parents are the primary educators of their children and that education should start early. The participants recognized that comfort levels in families around sexual health discussion varies and can impact communication. Comfort level and lack of resources are factors impacting nursing practice. Education related to sexual health education and supporting families is lacking in undergraduate programs. The findings can assist nurses and nurse educators to provide support to families with sexual health communication. Undergraduate nursing programs need to integrate sexuality education into their current nursing curricula. More research is required identifying parental needs related to parent-child sexual health communication.
An Axion Interpretation of the ANITA Events
Creators: name: Nicolaidis, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that the unusual events observed by the ANITA experiment originate from axion particles traversing the Earth. Under the influence of the geomagnetic field, the axion may oscillate into a photon and vice-versa. To amplify the axion transition into photon, we consider that the phenomenon takes place at resonance, where the effective photon mass is equal to the axion mass. This requirement fixes the axion mass at 200 eV. An axion at this mass scale reproduces the cold dark matter scenario. If our interpretation prevails, with the help of axions we can establish an axion tomography of the Earth.
description: 8 pages
Moorschutz in der Schweiz - Stand und Ziele
Protection of mires in Switzerland - Present state and objectives
Creators: name: Küttel, Meinrad
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1995

description: Schweizer Moore und Moorlandschaften haben Seltenheitswert. Dies allein rechtfertigt schon ihren bedingungslosen Schutz. Dank des "Rothenthurm"-Artikels der Bundesverfassung, das Ergebnis einer Volksabstimmung über eine Verfassungsinitiative, ist dieser auch rechtlich vollziehbar. Die Initiative führte aber zudem zu einer generellen, bedeutenden Verbesserung des Biotopschutzes. Inzwischen stehen 524 Hoch- und Übergangsmoore, 1203 Flachmoore und 90 Moorlandschaften unter recht strengem Schutz. Das sind etwa 2.7 % der gesamten Landesﬂäche der Schweiz.
description: Swiss mires and mire landscapes are a rare commodity and therefore precious. This reason alone justifies their absolute protection. Thanks to the ”Rothenthurm” article in the Federal Constitution, which is the result of a popular vote on a constitutional initiative, this protection can now be legally enforced. The initiative furthermore brought about signiﬁcant improvement to the protection of biotopes. In the meantime 524 raised and transitional bogs, 1203 fenlands and 90 mire landscapes have been placed under strict protection. This amounts to some 2.7 % of the total surface of Switzerland.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
description: report
Uncovering hidden dependency in weighted networks via information entropy
Creators: name: Lee, Mi Jin
name: Lee, Eun
name: Lee, Byunghwee
name: Jeong, Hawoong
name: Lee, Deok-Sun
name: Lee, Sang Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interactions between elements, which are usually represented by networks, have to delineate potentially unequal relationships in terms of their relative importance or direction. The intrinsic unequal relationships of such kind, however, are opaque or hidden in numerous real systems. For instance, when a node in a network with limited interaction capacity spends its capacity to its neighboring nodes, the allocation of the total amount of interactions to them can be vastly diverse. Even if such potentially heterogeneous interactions epitomized by weighted networks are observable, as a result of the aforementioned ego-centric allocation of interactions, the relative importance or dependency between two interacting nodes can only be implicitly accessible. In this work, we precisely pinpoint such relative dependency by proposing the framework to discover hidden dependent relations extracted from weighted networks. For a given weighted network, we provide a systematic criterion to select the most essential interactions for individual nodes based on the concept of information entropy. The criterion is symbolized by assigning the effective number of neighbors or the effective out-degree to each node, and the resultant directed subnetwork decodes the hidden dependent relations by leaving only the most essential directed interactions. We apply our methodology to two time-stamped empirical network data, namely the international trade relations between nations in the world trade web (WTW) and the network of people in the historical record of Korea, Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (AJD). Based on the data analysis, we discover that the properties of mutual dependency encoded in the two systems are vastly different.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures
Entropy, irreversibility and cascades in the inertial range of isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: Vela-Martin, Alberto
name: Jimenez, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper analyses the turbulent energy cascade from the perspective of statistical mechanics, and relates inter-scale energy fluxes to statistical irreversibility and information-entropy production. The microscopical reversibility of the energy cascade is tested by constructing a reversible 3D turbulent system using a dynamic model for the sub-grid stresses. This system, when reversed in time, develops a sustained inverse cascade towards the large scales, evidencing that the characterisation of the inertial energy cascade must consider the possibility of an inverse regime. This experiment is used to study the origin of statistical irreversibility and the prevalence of direct over inverse energy cascades in isotropic turbulence. Statistical irreversibility, a property of statistical ensembles in phase space related to entropy production, is connected to the dynamics of the energy cascade in physical space by considering the space locality of the energy fluxes and their relation to the local structure of the flow. A mechanism to explain the probabilistic prevalence of direct energy transfer is proposed based the dynamics of the rate-of-strain tensor, which is identified as the most important source of statistical irreversibility in the energy cascade.
Theorie der Belastbarkeit von Böden aus Torf
Theory of the carrying capacity of peat
Creators: name: Schweikle, Volker
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Abstract: The distribution of pressures under load in peat soil depends on the soil structure. Rolling loads produce shear in the middle and in front and behind wheels. The movement of mass of peat soil under load by the responsible forces is presented. Wet peat will be compressed only if the water in the pores will shift. Loads are effective on peat soil volumes and in time. Therefore the use of vectors has to be replaced by balances of the specific energy/power. Impacts transmit similar amounts of power, as loads do. The compression of peat soil has to be valued by the requirements of the prevailing vegetation; that means due to the penetrability of roots in depth and volume of peat soil and the plant available water content in time of growth of plants.
description: Zusammenfassung: Die Druckverteilung unter Last in Torfböden hängt vom Bodengefüge ab. Rollende Lasten erzeugen Scherung mittig sowie vor und hinter Rädern. Gezeigt wird die Massenbewegung von Torfböden bei Auflast und die dabei wirkenden Kräfte. Nasse Torfe werden nur verdichtet, wenn das Porenwasser verschoben wird. Lasten wirken auf Torfbodenvolumina und in der Zeit. Deshalb müssen Vektorbetrachtungen durch Leistungs-/Energiebilanzen ersetzt werden. Kraftstöße übertragen ähnliche Leistungen auf Torfböden wie Lasten. Die Verdichtung von Torfböden muss am Standortsanspruch der jeweiligen Vegetation bewertet werden; d.h. nach Durchwurzelbarkeit, nach Bodenmächtigkeit und -volumen und nach pflanzenverfügbarem Bodenwassergehalt in der Vegetationszeit.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Présidence de la République : Fernanda Soares da Silva
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (1 page)
Women’s Socio-Demographic Characteristics and their Experience of Domestic Violence: a Case Study of Awutu Senya East
Creators: name: Bright Kofi Addai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Domestic violence
subject: Women’s socio-demographic characteristics

description: Domestic violence is a universal problem found in all societies around the world. Victims feel reluctant to speak of it in public. This is because of the shame and stigmatization associated with it. The focus of this study was to investigate women’s socio-demographic characteristics and their experience of domestic violence using Awutu Senya East District as a case study. The research employed a quantitative approach which administered close ended questionnaire to 120 women above age 18 years selected from the district. Using descriptive statistical analysis, it was found that physical abuse was the commonest form of abuse. The least reported form of domestic abuse among the sample was economic and psychological abuse. Using Multivariate Pearson Correlation analysis with a significance value of 0.05, the study found that respondents’ income, education, relationship status and employment status were not associated with domestic violence. However, age was correlated with domestic violence; older women were less likely to face domestic violence compared to younger women. Some victims felt reluctant to report issues of domestic violence, however the study found that 53 percent of respondents who have experienced abuse said they reported violence meted to them. Out of the abused respondents (12.5 percent), 76.5 percent reported the abuse to their relatives. The study also found that 40 percent of the study respondents opted for education as the best intervention to reduce domestic abuse. The study recommended that the Awutu Senya East District Assembly, National Council for Civic Education (NCCE), and Non-Governmental Organizations intensify their campaign to encourage more women to engage in economic activities, go to school to improve their status in society. This will reduce domestic violence. Public awareness creation that domestic violence is a criminal act and perpetrators are liable to be arrested is also recommended
DOC-Bildung und -Austrag in Mooren – ein Literaturüberblick
Production and export of DOC on peatlands – A review
Creators: name: Schwalm, Mayte
name: Zeitz, Jutta
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Abstract: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) occurs in high amounts in peatlands. Remarkable export of DOC due to low absorption capacity of organic soils causes concern, because DOC impairs water quality and leads to emission of climate gases after its decomposition. Concentration and export of DOC is influenced by season, abiotic soil characteristics and land use. Production and consumption of DOC is determined by the vitality of soil microbes, which is in turn controlled by temperature, water and pH. Unlike to laboratory experiments, in field experiments correlation of DOC concentration and abiotic soil parameters is often not detectable. Obviously, further parameters have to be taken into account. DOC export is largely controlled by hydrology. Anthropogenic impacts (draining of peatlands) are leading to an accumulation of DOC in soil solution, which is reason for a strong decrease in DOC losses after rewetting. In general, the knowledge of drivers regulating DOC is not sufficient.
description: Zusammenfassung: Gelöster organischer Kohlenstoff (DOC – dissolved organic carbon) ist in Mooren in hohen Konzentrationen vorhanden und kann im Vergleich zu mineralischen Standorten im Boden wenig gebunden werden. Die daraus resultierenden Austräge von DOC mindern die Wassergüte und sind zudem klimawirksam, da beim mikrobiellen Abbau von DOC die Gase CO2 und CH4 emittiert werden können. Die Höhe von DOC-Konzentration und -Austrag unterliegen saisonalen Schwankungen, sind aber auch durch Standort- und Umweltfaktoren beeinflusst. Abiotische Parameter wirken auf DOC, indem die herrschenden Umweltbedingungen für Bodenmikroben sowohl die Produktion, als auch den Verbrauch von DOC beeinflussen. Tendenziell zeigt sich in Laborversuchen eine positive Korrelation zwischen der DOC-Konzentration und Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit sowie pH, die jedoch im Freiland häufig von weiteren Wechselwirkungen und Faktoren überlagert wird. Austräge von DOC sind vornehmlich durch die Hydrologie (Bodenwasservorrat und Abfluss) eines Gebiets reguliert. Durch anthropogene Eingriffe kann der Gleichgewichtszustand in Mooren gestört werden und erhöhte DOC-Frachten sind die Folge. Bei der Entwässerung von Mooren akkumuliert DOC im Boden, was zu hohen Austrägen nach einer Wiedervernässung führt. Insgesamt ist das Wissen zu angepassten Landnutzugsstrategien und der Reduktion von Stoffausträgen auf Moorstandorten noch unzureichend.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
In defense of the epistemic view of quantum states: a toy theory
Creators: name: Spekkens, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a toy theory that is based on a simple principle: the number of questions about the physical state of a system that are answered must always be equal to the number that are unanswered in a state of maximal knowledge. A wide variety of quantum phenomena are found to have analogues within this toy theory. Such phenomena include: the noncommutativity of measurements, interference, the multiplicity of convex decompositions of a mixed state, the impossibility of discriminating nonorthogonal states, the impossibility of a universal state inverter, the distinction between bi-partite and tri-partite entanglement, the monogamy of pure entanglement, no cloning, no broadcasting, remote steering, teleportation, dense coding, mutually unbiased bases, and many others. The diversity and quality of these analogies is taken as evidence for the view that quantum states are states of incomplete knowledge rather than states of reality. A consideration of the phenomena that the toy theory fails to reproduce, notably, violations of Bell inequalities and the existence of a Kochen-Specker theorem, provides clues for how to proceed with this research program.
description: 32 pages, REVTEX, based on a talk given at the Rob Clifton Memorial Conference, College Park, May 2003; v2: minor modifications throughout, updated references
Phase coherence and the Nernst effect at magic angles in organic conductors
Creators: name: Ong, N. P.
name: Wu, Weida
name: Chaikin, P. M.
name: Anderson, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A giant Nernst signal was recently observed for fields near crystallographic directions in (TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$. Such large Nernst signals are most naturally associated with the motion of pancake vortices. We propose a model in which phase coherence is destroyed throughout the sample except in planes closely aligned with the applied field $\bf H$. A small tilt above or below the plane changes the direction and density of the penetrating vortices and leads to a Nernst signal that varies with the tilt angle of $\bf H$ as observed. The resistance notches at magic angles are understood in terms of flux-flow dissipation from field-induced vortices.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Dr. Heinrich Schneekloth
title: 11. Juni 1928 bis 27. Februar 2018
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Günther, Jürgen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2018

description: In memoriam Dr. Heinrich Schneekloth (11. Juni 1928 bis 27. Februar 2018).
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: editorial
Role of obesity-associated neurobiological adaptations on spontaneous morphine withdrawal responses in rodents
Creators: name: Li, Xinyi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Obesity and opioid abuse are two major public health problems plaguing the United States and substantially decrease the lives and well-being of the affected individuals. The objective of this dissertation was to elucidate convergent factors underlying both disorders and ascertain whether obesity- related neurobiological adaptations alter morphine withdrawal responses. We focused primarily on the locus coeruleus (LC)- norepinephrine (NE) system, which has long been implicated in mediating morphine withdrawal symptoms, but its role in obesity has been suggested but largely unexplored. We first characterized alterations in LC neural activity following obesogenic diet and weight gain by assessing in vivo single- unit LC electrophysiological activity in selectively- bred obese prone (OP) and obese resistant (OR) male Sprague Dawley rats following high (45% kcal fat) - or low- fat (10% kcal fat) feeding. OP rats demonstrated significantly higher spontaneous and tonic activity and decreased sensory- evoked LC activity. Analysis of signal- to- noise (evoked/ tonic) revealed significant interacting effects of diet and strain with OR- LFD showing greater activity than OP- LFD and OP- HFD. Given the observed obesity- associated alterations, LC neural responses to morphine withdrawal was evaluated in LFD and HFD-fed male Sprague Dawley rats. Increases in sensory- evoked activity were observed following morphine withdrawal in LFD, but not HFD rats. We next examined whether obesity- related alterations in LC signaling translate to behavioral differences. OP and OR mice were identified based on median split in body weights following 8- weeks of HFD and were subsequently switched to LFD to attenuate the confounding effects of body weight differences. Morphine withdrawal responses were assessed on three consecutive days. Interacting effects of obesity susceptibility and treatment were observed in the open field exploration test, in which OP attenuated morphine withdrawal- induced reduction in locomotor behavior. The effects were more apparent in females, than male, mice. Differences in obesity susceptibility did not alter morphine withdrawal responses during the elevated plus maze or prepulse inhibition. The interactive effects of obesity susceptibility and treatment on expression of noradrenergic and anxiolytic genes in the LC and PVN may have contributed to the observed behavioral differences. No expression differences were observed in the selected genes in the PFC and central amygdala regions. Taken together, our findings suggest neurobiological alterations associated with obesity may have implications in morphine withdrawal responses.
Gerfried Caspers – Ehrenmitglied der DGMT
Gerfried Caspers – Honorary member of the DGMT
Creators: name: Zeitz, Jutta
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2017

description: Laudatio anlässlich der Verleihung der Ehrenmitgliedschaft während der 25. Jahreshauptversammlung der DGMT am 22. September 2017 in Deuselbach (Hunsrück)
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: editorial
Cybaeus intermedius Maurer 1992
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Cybaeidae
Cybaeus
Cybaeus intermedius

description: Cybaeus intermedius Maurer, 1992
LITERATURE. — Maurer (1992), Isaia & Chiarle (2015).
CHOROTYPE. — ALAP.
MACROHABITAT. — Broadleaved woods.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Thermodynamics in Density-Functional Theory and Force Theorems
Creators: name: Chihara, Junzo
name: Yamagiwa, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density-functional (DF) theory provides a simple method for calculating the properties of an interacting system under an external potential by associating it with a corresponding non-interacting system. Here, we find some relations in this non-interacting system, which can enable us to set up the thermodynamical relations for a neutral electron-nucleus mixture in terms of quantities of the non-interacting system and the exchange-correlation effect. In this way, Andersen's force theorems are clearly described and easily proved in conjunction with other types of force theorems, Janak's theorem extended to a finite-temperature system, pressure formulas and some thermodynamical relations. For this purpose, the thermodynamics in the DF theory is presented in a systematic and explicit way.
description: 18 pages with no figure; corrected typos
Ocena zdolności krajów Unii Europejskiej do tworzenia i wykorzystania wiedzy na potrzeby biogospodarki
THE ANALYSIS OF EU COUNTRIES POTENTIAL TO KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AND USE FOR BIOECONOMY PURPOSES
Creators: name: Kijek, Tomasz
name: Chojnacki, Piotr
name: Kijek, Tomasz
name: Chojnacki, Piotr
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: biogospodarka oparta na wiedzy
subject: prace badawczo-rozwojowe
subject: patenty
subject: kapitał ludzki

description: The aim of the paper was to assess the capacity of EU countries to produce and use of knowledge for the purpose of bioeconomy. In order to fulfill the formulated aim a Hellwig’s method was applied. The potential of particular countries to creation and absorption of knowledge on renewable biological resources and possibilities of their use in production of bioproducts was described by three groups of variables. They include: human capital, research and development activity and industrial property rights. The results of linear ordering of countries and their grouping allowed the authors to distinguish four clusters which consist of countries at different level of knowledge based bioeconomy development. The results indicate that the highest potential to develop knowledge based bioeconomy has Germany and Great Britain.On the over hand Estonia and Lithuania has the smallest potential in this field.
Eckhardt Schmatzler – Ehrenmitglied der DGMT
Eckhardt Schmatzler – Honory member of the DGMT
Creators: name: Blankenburg, Joachim
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2017

description: Laudatio anlässlich der Verleihung der Ehrenmitgliedschaft der DGMT an E. SCHMATZLER während der 25. Jahreshauptversammlung der DGMT am 22. September 2017 in Deuselbach (Hunsrück)
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: editorial
Overcoming Output Constraints in Iterative Learning Control Systems by Reference Adaptation
Creators: name: Meindl, Michael
name: Molinari, Fabio
name: Raisch, Jörg
name: Seel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Iterative Learning Control (ILC) schemes can guarantee properties such as asymptotic stability and monotonic error convergence, but do not, in general, ensure adherence to output constraints. The topic of this paper is the design of a reference-adapting ILC (RAILC) scheme, extending an existing ILC system and capable of complying with output constraints. The underlying idea is to scale the reference at every trial by using a conservative estimate of the output's progression. Properties as the monotonic convergence above a threshold and the respect of output constraints are formally proven. Numerical simulations and experimental results reinforce our theoretical results.
description: Submitted to IFAC World Congress 2020