cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cliona Grant 1826
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Cliona

description: Genus Cliona Grant, 1826
Synonymy. See Soest et al. (2016).
Diagnosis. Excavating sponges in different morphologies, but primarily in alpha and beta growth forms (excavating chambers in calcium carbonate, communicating only through papillae with ambient water). Some species occurring in beta morphology by merging of papillae and forming coherent surface crusts in addition to endolithic tissue. Very few known as free-living sponges in gamma form. Some gamma morphologies attaining large, irregular-massive or cup shapes. No known endopsammic morphologies. Megascleres as tylostyles, Microscleres mostly spirasters and derivates, in some species slim raphides as accessory spicules, but never of structural importance. Spirasters straight, bent, kinked, or spiralling spiny rhabds, including amphiasterose forms clearly derived from true spirasters; extreme forms may be entirely smooth (adapted from Rützler 2002).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Cliona californiana Laubenfels 1932
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Cliona
Cliona californiana

description: Cliona californiana Laubenfels, 1932
Material examined. MZUCR.373, CIMAR. BS.24: Bahía Salinas, entre 10 y 21 m, 3.III.2011, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano. CIMAR. CU.11: Bahía Culebra, 8 m, 28.VI.2011, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano. CIMAR. LF.02: Reserva La Flor, 5 m, 14.II.2012, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano.
External morphology. Can occur in beta and gamma morphologies (Carballo et al. 2004), but recently only recorded in alpha form. Discrete, circular papillae protruding above substrate, 0.8–2.5 mm in diameter. Live color yellow.
Excavation. Multicamerare erosion. Chambers on average 1 mm in diameter (Fig. 5A), irregular in shape, occasionally fusing. Erosion scars on chamber walls 30 to 66 µm in diameter, with very subtle circular ridges and sharp edges (Fig. 5B).
Spicules. Megascleres tylostyles and derivates, straight or slightly curved mid-shaft, tyles as a rule slightly subterminal, displaced more strongly in immature tylostyles (Fig. 6). Derivates as subtylostyles or styles. No microscleres. Tylostyle dimensions: 125–306 µm (x̅ =232, σ=48.3) x 2–10 µm (x̅ =6.3, σ=1.5). Dimensions of subtylostyles or styles: 100–205 µm (x̅ =153, σ=35.6) x 3.8–8 µm (x̅ =4.4, σ=1.5).
Ecology. The specimens were found in dead massive and branching corals of Pavona sp. and Pocillopora sp. between 5 and 21 m depth.
Distribution and previous records. Laubenfels (1932) found this species in California, United States, boring in shells and dead barnacles. Later, it was located in the Gulf of California, Mexico under the names Pseudosuberites pseudos (Dickinson 1945; Hofknecht 1978) and C. celata (Green & Gómez 1986). This species is very common in the Mexican Pacific and especially in the northern Sea of Cortez (Carballo et al. 2004, 2008a; Vega 2012). In this study we report it for the first time from the Pacific coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica (Fig. 7).
Remarks. C. californiana is a member of the C. celata species complex. This group is taxonomically difficult, because only tylostyles occur, which are similar in shape and size among different species (Schönberg et al. 2006). Carballo et al. (2004) earlier unraveled the taxonomy and various reports for C. californiana that were published under different names (see above) and redescribed the species in much detail. We therefore only provided a short description in addition to our distributional record.
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Cliona microstrongylata Carballo & Cruz-Barraza 2005
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Cliona
Cliona microstrongylata

description: Cliona microstrongylata Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2005
Material examined. ICMYL. Cmi. 45.IB: Isla Bolaños, Bahía Salinas, Costa Rica, 8 m, 4.XII.2012, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano. ICMYL. Cmi. 31.PL: Playa Mantas, Costa Rica, <3 m, 23.XII.2012, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano. ICMYL. Cmi. 37.PL: Playa Mantas, Costa Rica, <3 m, 23.XII.2012, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano. Los Cobanos, ICMARES. UES.CI.70: Playa Las Veraneras, Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, <3 m, 25.X.2016, coll. Alejandra Trejo, det. José Luis Carballo.
External morphology. Endolithic sponge in alpha morphology. No observations available on distribution and sizes of papillae. Live color orange.
Excavation. Samples too small to assess bioerosion traces.
Spicules. Megascleres slightly curved tylostyles, microscleres kidney- or C-shaped microstrongyles (Fig. 11). Tylostyle dimensions: 12 2–284 µm (x̅ =176.2, σ=39.4) x 2.2–9.7 µm (x̅ =5.4, σ=2.4). Microstrongyle dimensions: 14.9–29.7 µm (x̅ =20.7, σ=4.7) x 2.6–16.6 µm (x̅ =7.4, σ=4.2).
Ecology. Found in dead shells and coral skeleton of Pocillopora sp., between 3 and 8 m depth.
Distribution and previous records. The species was originally described (Carballo & Cruz-Barraza 2005) and was again observed from the Gulf of California (Carballo et al. 2008b; Vega 2012). It is presently reported for the Pacific of El Salvador and Costa Rica (Fig. 12). This new record extends the distribution of this species.
Remarks. Due to the characteristic kidney-shaped microstrongyles C. microstrongylata is easy to identify. It has only recently been described in detail (Carballo & Cruz-Barraza 2005), and we provided only a short taxonomic account to illustrate the present identification.
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Cliona pocillopora Bautista-Guerrero, Carballo, Cruz-Barraza & Nava 2006
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Cliona
Cliona pocillopora

description: Cliona pocillopora Bautista-Guerrero, Carballo, Cruz-Barraza & Nava, 2006
Material examined. MZUCR.375: Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, 14 m, 4.XI.2011, coll. Jeffrey Sibaja Cordero. Cpo. 23.E: Playa Esmeralda, Bahía Salinas, 5 m, 18.XII.2012, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano. ICMARES. UES.CI.69: Playa el Faro, Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, <3 m, 24.X.2016, coll. Alejandra Trejo, det. José Luis Carballo.
External morphology. Endolithic sponge in alpha morphology. Small circular papillae on average 600 µm in diameter. Live color not recorded.
Excavation. Multicamerate erosion. Chambers with average diameter of 860 µm (Fig. 16A). Erosion scars 15–66 µm in diameter, with occasional circular ridges and sharp edges (Fig. 16B).
Spicules. Megascleres as small tylostyles and derivates, mostly with subterminal tyles, occasionally far displaced or duplicated, forming tylostyles, tylostrongyles, subtylostyles, and sometimes centrotylote derivates (Fig. 17). Tylostyle dimensions: 72–253 µm (x̅ =146.7, σ=48.0) x 2–16 µm (x̅ =6.8, σ=3.3).
Ecology. Found in Pavona sp. at 14 m depth.
Distribution and previous records. The species was described from the Mexican Pacific (Bautista-Guerrero et al. 2006) and again reported from the same area (Carballo et al. 2008a). The present specimen was collected at Isla del Coco, off Costa Rica and in El Salvador (Fig. 18). Our findings represent a new record for Central America, in particular for El Salvador and Costa Rica.
Remarks. As this species was only recently described in good detail (Bautista-Guerrero et al. 2006), we only provided a short taxonomic account. The tylostyles of C. pocillopora are comparatively short for a clionaid sponge and characteristic in shape, making this identification easy to perform.
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Cliona tropicalis Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero & Nava 2011
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Cliona
Cliona tropicalis

description: Cliona tropicalis Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero & Nava, 2011
Material examined. ICMYL.Ctr.133.FS: Bahía Culebra; 3 m, 19.XII.2012. coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano.
External morphology and excavation. Material not sufficient to allow reliable description of external characters, erosion patterns or spicule sizes. Even so the species was recognized by the types of spicules.
Spicules consisting of megasclere tylostyles and microsclere spirasters, not pictured, see Cruz-Barraza et al. (2011) for further details.
Ecology. Found in dead Pocillopora sp. at 3 m depth.
Distribution and previous records. The species has previously been observed to occur along the Pacific coast of Mexico (Cruz-Barraza et al. 2011; Vega 2012; Baja California, Oaxaca, Revillagigedo and Marias Islands). Scott et al. (1988) reported the morphologically similar Cliona viridis Schmidt, 1862 from Costa Rica, which however has to be assumed to be an erroneous identification and may possibly have been C. tropicalis. Lacking access to their material, we cannot confirm this assumption, and thus this publication is likely the first record for C. tropicalis occurring in Costa Rica (Fig. 19).
Remarks. The material available for the present publication relied on only one specimen, which was too small to allow data collection for a full description. The identification was confirmed by the second author who has prior experience with this species and was an author on the original description (Cruz-Barraza et al. 2011).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Cliothosa Topsent 1905
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Cliothosa

description: Genus Cliothosa Topsent, 1905
Synonymy. Thoosa sensu Topsent, 1888.
Diagnosis. Excavating sponges in alpha morphology with large tylostyles and amphiasters. Amphiasters most commonly delicately branching, slim-rayed, with terminal branching, but less fragile forms in different species. Only in choanosome. Reduced forms of amphiasters occasionally in papillae or terminally in blind erosion canals. Occurrence and predominance of different amphiaster types depending on specimens or species (adapted from Rützler 2002).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Pione Gray 1867
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Pione

description: Genus Pione Gray, 1867
Synonymy. Cliona of various authors, e.g. for some species in Hancock (1849). Archaeoclina Czerniavsky, 1878. Papilissa von Lendenfeld, 1888. Gapoda Laubenfels, 1936.
Diagnosis. Excavating sponges in alpha and beta morphology. Delicate, commonly straight tylostyles as megascleres, microspined (rarely smooth) oxeas and microspined rhabds as microscleres. Microrhabds straight or helical, forming ectosomal crusts (adapted from Rützler 2002).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Pione mazatlanensis Hancock 1867
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Clionaidae
Pione
Pione mazatlanensis

description: Pione mazatlanensis Hancock, 1867
Material examined. ICMYL.Pma.84.R, ICMYL.Pma87.R: Playa Matapalo, 3 m, 20.XII.2012, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano.
External morphology. Endolithic sponge in alpha morphology. No data available on papillae. Live color ochre.
Excavation. Not assessed.
Spicules. Megascleres slightly curved tylostyles. Microscleres smooth or microspined, curved oxeas with or without cetrotyle and helical, microspined microrhabds in two shapes: short and straight, and long and helical (Fig.
29). Tylotyle dimensions: 152–215 µm (x̅ =198.9, σ=26.6) x 2.5–5 µm (x̅ =3.3, σ=0.9). Oxea dimensions: 52.5–110 µm (x̅ =81.4, σ=14.5) x 2.5–5 µm (x̅ =3.6, σ=0.8). Microrhabd dimensions: 10–15 µm (x̅ =11.9, σ=1.9) x 1 –2.5 µm (x̅ =1.8, σ=0.4).
Ecology. Found in dead pocilloporid corals at 3 m depth.
Distribution and previous records. The first report was from Mazatlan, Mexico (Hancock 1867). Carballo et al. (2004) found the species in the Mexican Pacific again, ranging from the north (Sonora) to the south (Oaxaca). P. mazatlanensis has not previously been located outside Mexican waters, and this is the first record for Costa Rica and Central America (Fig. 30).
Remarks. The microrhabdes, especially those long and helical microrhabdes are the characteristics that allow identify the species and distinguish from other Pione. The dimensions of the spicules from the specimens we reviewed, are similar to those described from the Mexican Pacific (Carballo et al. 2004).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 474-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Thoosa Hancock 1849
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Astrophorida
Thoosidae
Thoosa

description: Genus Thoosa Hancock, 1849
Synonymy. Annandalea Topsent, 1928 (junior synonym). Annandalena Topsent, 1932 (junior synonym). Thooce Laubenfels, 1936 (junior synonym). Not Thoosa sensu Topsent (1888).
Diagnosis. Sponges always in alpha morphology, with wide array of different spicule types including monaxons such as tylostyles and oxeas as megascleres. Tylostyles only in some species, and occasionally missing in some specimens or populations. Microscleres most commonly as amphiasters, oxyasters and their derivates. Amphiasters mostly tylote, with microspination on all extremities, but variations in different species include smooth oxeote rays.
Oxyasters with small centre, rays commonly reduced, leading to centrotylote sigmoid or tylostylote forms. Biradiate forms can appear like birdwings (adapted from Carballo et al. 2004).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 476-477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Thoosa calpulli Carballo, Cruz-Barraza & Gomez 2004
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Astrophorida
Thoosidae
Thoosa
Thoosa calpulli

description: Thoosa calpulli Carballo, Cruz-Barraza & Gómez, 2004
Material examined. ICMYL.Tca.140.E: Bahía Culebra, 5 m, 12. II.2011, coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano. ICMARES. UES.CI.72: Playa el Faro, Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, <3 m, 24.X.2016, coll. Alejandra Trejo, det. José Luis Carballo.
External morphology. Endolithic sponge in alpha morphology. Material not sufficient to allow full description of external characters. Live color yellow.
Excavation. No data available.
Spicules. Megascleres as oxeas, spined or smooth, centrotylote or simple (Fig. 32). According to length, two types of oxeas. Smaller oxea dimensions: 27.5–101.5 (x=¯54.7, σ=18.1) x 1.5–9 µm (x=¯4.8, σ=2.1); larger oxea dimensions: 110–297 µm (x̅ =196.2, σ=69.1) x 3.5–13 µm (x̅ =8.2, σ=3.2). Microscleres as oxyaster derivates and amphiasters (Fig. 31, 32). Smooth oxyasters with actines extending from nodular centre, form variable depending on number of actines, ranging between two and four (V-shaped biactine, triactine or tetractine). Dimensions of oxyaster actines: 17.5–51 µm (x̅ =31.1, σ=9.4) x 1–4 µm (x̅ =1.9, σ=0.8). Amphiasters with five or six actines with microspination on each axis, actine tips coniform or as branch terminating in groups of spines or hooks. Depending on actine lengths, amphiasters symmetric or asymmetric. Amphiaster length from tip to tip 7.9–17.3 µm (x̅ =12.9, σ=3.5), axis width 1.0–2.2 µm (x̅ =1.6, σ=0.4), actine length 1–5 µm (x̅ =3.6, σ=1.5).
Ecology. Found at 5 m depth.
Distribution and previous records. T. calpulli was described by Carballo et al. (2004) from Nayarit, Mexican Pacific. In this study it was found in El Salvador and Costa Rica (Fig. 33). This represents new records for the two countries, as well as for Central America.
Remarks. The characteristic ornamentation of amphiasters with conical spines, and the spicular complex with tylostyles, oxyasters and centrotylotes oxeas distinguished this species from other Thoosa (Carballo et al. 2004).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 478-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Siphonodictyon Bergquist 1965
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Haplosclerida
Phloeodictyidae
Siphonodictyon

description: Genus Siphonodictyon Bergquist, 1965
Synonymy. Acca Johnson, 1899, preoccupied by Acca Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera) (following Soest 2011 in Soest et al. 2016). Aka Laubenfels, 1936, preoccupied by Aka White, 1879 (Fulgoromorpha) (following Schönberg & Soest 2012 in Soest et al. 2016). Siphonodictyon Bergquist, 1965.
Diagnosis. Excavating sponges in papillate or fistulate morphology, former with porous excavation, latter usually with larger cavities. Choanosomal skeleton unordered or forming sinuous bands of spicule fibres. Densely anastomosing fibres in fistules. Spicules curved oxeas, no microscleres. Commonly mucoid (adapted from Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine 2002).
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on page 483, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Siphonodictyon crypticum
Creators: name: Pacheco, Cristian
name: Carballo, José Luis
name: Cortés, Jorge
name: Segovia, Johanna
name: Trejo, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Haplosclerida
Phloeodictyidae
Siphonodictyon
Siphonodictyon crypticum

description: Siphonodictyon crypticum (Carballo, Hepburn, Nava, Cruz-Barraza & Bautísta-Guerrero, 2007)
Material examined. ICMARES.UES.CI.71: Playa el Faro, Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, 1.5 m, 24.X.2016, coll. Sofía Solórzano, det. José Luis Carballo.
External morphology. Endolithic sponge with three small fistulose tubes of 1.8 x 0.9 cm approximately (Fig. 37). Color of fistules and choanosome white in life.
Excavation. Erosion extended multicamerate. Sponge scars with faint concentric ridges characteristic for Siphonodictyon (Fig. 38A), diameters between 35 and 85 µm.
Spicules. Megascleres smooth, acerate oxeas, centrally slightly curved (Fig. 38B). Microscleres absent. Oxea dimensions: 73–188 µm (x̅ =123.3, σ=35.6) x 3–11 µm (x̅ =4.9, σ=2.2).
Ecology. Found at 1.5 m depth in rubble.
Distribution and previous records. S. crypticum was described by Carballo et al. (2007) from Nayarit, Mexico. Only three later reports are available and were again for the Mexican Pacific (Carballo et al. 2008a, 2008b, 2013). The latter publication stated that abundances of S. crypticum may have increased after reef deterioration. Scott et al. (1988) listed a Siphonodictyon species for Costa Rica. However, even though S. crypticum is common in the East Pacific and to date the only Siphonodictyon species known from there (Schönberg et al. 2017), we have no means to confirm the occurrence of S. crypticum in Costa Rica. Our account is the first report for Central America and El Salvador (Fig. 39).
Remarks. We presently did not provide a very comprehensive description, because of the recent date and the detail of the original description (Carballo et al. 2007). Our material agreed well with that of Carballo et al. (2007), and further information can be taken from that publication.
description: Published as part of Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5) on pages 483-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1147211
Platyplectrus brevicornis
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Copeland, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Platyplectrus
Platyplectrus brevicornis

description: 2. Platyplectrus brevicornis (Ferrière, 1941)
Figs 13–15
Euplectromorpha brevicornis Ferrière, 1941: 29.
Paralectotype. ♀, with label: Mossel Bay, Cape Province, S. Africa, 5–31.vii.1921, leg. R.E. Turner, Platyplectrus brevicornis Ferrière det. Z. Bouček, 1974 (BMNH, examined).
Platyplectrus brevicornis (Ferrière); Yefremova 2008: 354.
Diagnosis. Body 1.8 mm (Figs 13–14). Occipital carina not well developed, postoccipital carina present. Scutellum strongly alveolate (Fig. 14). POL 3.0× as long as OOL. Vertex without long setae. F1 as long as pedicel, F1 (1.1× as long as wide), F2 (1.06× as long as wide) both subquadrate and F3, F4 transverse. Petiole transverse. Head black. Hind coxae brown, hind femora brownish, legs yellow. Eyes asetose (Fig. 15).
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. South Africa, * Kenya.
Material examined. Kenya, 1 ♀, Coast Prov., Funzi Island, near sea level, 4.57749° S, 39.43825° E, Malaise trap, near Funzi workshop, 24–28 Jul 2012, R. Copeland (NMK); 1 ♀, Coast Prov., Taita Hills, Ngangao forest, 1848 m, 3.36100º S, 38.34186º E, Malaise trap, indigenous forest, 18 Sept–2 Oct 2012, R. Copeland (SMNH-TAU).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A. & Copeland, Robert S., 2023, African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species, pp. 355-384 in Zootaxa 5360 (3) on page 361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10088533
Platyplectrus capensis Ferriere 1941
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Copeland, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Platyplectrus
Platyplectrus capensis

description: 3. Platyplectrus capensis Ferrière, 1941
Figs 16–18
Platyplectrus capensis Ferrière, 1941: 1 ♁, Cape Province, Swellendam, ii. 1932, R.E. Turner (BMNH, examined).
Diagnosis. Characters additional to those in Ferrière, 1941. Pronotum without carina. Occipital carina present. Scutellum rugulose. POL 1.8× as long as OOL. Body mostly yellow and orange (Fig. 16). F1 1.3× as long as pedicel and 1.2× as long as F2, F4 subquadrate. Clava 1.7 x as long as F4, brown. Forewing 2.6× as long as wide, speculum small and narrow along MV. PMV 1.7 x as long as STV. Petiole transverse (Fig. 17). Face yellow and orange with black, inverted V–shaped stripe (Fig. 18). Two long setae between posterior ocelli and two short ones near occiput (Fig. 18). Mesoscutum and scutellum with wide longitudinal black stripe, propodeum yellow with black lateral stripes, gaster with pale yellowish whitish spot in basal part, distal part black (Fig. 17). All legs yellow except hind coxae slightly brownish dorsally. Body 2.1 mm.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. South Africa; * Kenya, * Ethiopia.
Material examined. Kenya, 1 ♀, Eastern Prov., Kasaala area, 733 m, 2.07836º S, 38.22517ºE, Malaise trap, inside isolated woodland patch, 10–24 Apr 2015, R. Copeland (NMK); 1 ♀, Coast Prov., Kasigau Mtn., bottom of forest, 737 m, 3.82080° S, 38.64178° E, Malaise trap, woodland with grass, 7–21 Sep 2011, R. Copeland (SMNH-TAU); 2 ♀, Ethiopia, Ambo, 6.vi.1990, Emeljanov (ZISP).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A. & Copeland, Robert S., 2023, African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species, pp. 355-384 in Zootaxa 5360 (3) on page 361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10088533
Platyplectrus desertus Yefremova 2008
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Copeland, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Platyplectrus
Platyplectrus desertus

description: 4. Platyplectrus desertus Yefremova, 2008
Figs 19–20.
Platyplectrus desertus Yefremova, 2008: 354.
Diagnosis. Given by Yefremova (2008): “Toruli placed below the lower margin of eye. Propodeum smooth, with median carina, and 6 long setae on callus. External spur of hind tibia 1.55× as long as basitarsus. PMV 1.6× as long as STV. Thorax black, gaster brownish with yellow spot, antenna yellow with dark brown pedicel”.
Additional character s. Pronotum with carina. Occipital carina present. Scutellum smooth. POL 2× as long as OOL. Eyes asetose (Fig. 20). Vertex with long, sporadically distributed setae. F1 0.7× shorter than pedicel and 1.16× as long as F2, F2 as long as F3. Petiole slightly longer than wide. Face, clypeus and genae black (Fig. 20). Legs yellow with all coxae black, femora with brown spot dorsally in the middle, tibiae yellow, tarsi yellow (Fig. 19). Propodeum smooth with median carina.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. UAE (Yefremova 2008), Israel (Yefremova 2015) * Kenya. First record from Afrotropical region.
Material examined. 1 ♀, Kenya, Rift Valley Prov. Chorlim, base of Mt. Elgon, 1882 m, 1.03149° N, 34.84780° E, Malaise trap in Acacia sp. riverine woodland, 22 Apr–6 May 2017, R. Copeland (NMK).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A. & Copeland, Robert S., 2023, African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species, pp. 355-384 in Zootaxa 5360 (3) on pages 361-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10088533
Platyplectrus kiambuensis Yefremova & Copeland 2023, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Copeland, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Platyplectrus
Platyplectrus kiambuensis

description: 6. Platyplectrus kiambuensis (Ferrière, 1941), comb. nov.
Figs 24–26
Euplectromorpha kiambuensis Ferrière, 1941: 27.
Euplectromorpha kiambuensis. Kenya colony: Kiambu, 10 ♀, v.1930 ex. Tortrix dinota (R.H. LePelley (NHMUK, 013457195, Electronic examination, antennae in type broken).
Diagnosis. Pronotum without carina. Occipital and postoccipital carinae present. Scutellum shagreened. Propodeum smooth with median carina. Eyes strongly setose. Vertex with numerous setae. Petiole short. Face, clypeus and genae black. Legs yellow, hind coxae brown, femora brown. Body size 1.7–1.9 mm.
Host. Tortrix dinota (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) (Ferrière, 1941).
Distribution. Kenya.
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A. & Copeland, Robert S., 2023, African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species, pp. 355-384 in Zootaxa 5360 (3) on page 365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10088533
Platyplectrus marenjeensis , Yefremova & Copeland 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Copeland, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Platyplectrus
Platyplectrus marenjeensis

description: 7. Platyplectrus marenjeensis, Yefremova & Copeland sp. nov.
Figs 27–30
Diagnosis. Pronotum without carina. Occiput without carina (Fig. 24). Scutellum finely reticulate. POL 1.16× as long as OOL. Six long setae between on ocellar triangle and two shorter ones near occiput. Antenna.F1 2.3× as long as pedicel and 1.28× as long as F2, F4 1.7× as long as wide. Petiole transverse. Gaster 2.0–2.2× as long as wide. Body orange-yellow. Face yellow. All coxae yellow.
Description. Female. Body size 1.8–1.9 mm.
Colour: Body mostly orange-yellow, head yellow including clypeus, eyes grey, ocelli light yellow; scape and pedicel yellow, funicle yellow except F4 brownish and clava brownish, propodeum, mesothorax and gaster orange-yellow, legs yellow; fore and mid coxa, trochanter and trochantellus whitish.
Head: Malar sulcus absent. Mandibles, small plates lacking teeth but with setae. Numerous setae present between lateral ocelli. Occipital carina present. Eyes with short sporadically distributed setae (Fig30). POL 1.6× as long as OOL. Antennae inserted above the lower margin level of eyes. Scape 3.5× as long as wide, pedicel 1.5×as long as wide, with 1 pair of long, brown setae. Flagellomeres 1 – 4. F1 1.27× as long as F2, F2= F3, and F3 1.6× as long as F4 (Figs27, 30). Clava 3-segmented 2.0× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as F4.
Mesosoma. Pronotum smooth without carina. Mesoscutum smooth, scutellum finely reticulate. Propodeum smooth with narrow median carina, callus with 5 setae in row. Fore wing 2.9× as long as wide. SMV with 4 long setae. Speculum small, closed along pterostigma. SMV (40): MV (70): PMV (27): STV (19). Costal cell covered by numerous setae, 19 setae in marginal row (Fig. 28). Hind wing rounded apically. Hind tibiae with two spurs; TS1 2.3× as long as 1 st tarsomere and 1.9× as long as TS2. Petiole short, transverse.
Gaster 2.0–2.2× as long as wide.
Male. Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. * Kenya.
Etymology. The species is named after the type location, Marenje forest.
Holotype. ♀, Coast Prov., Marenje forest, 76 m, 4.52814º S, 39.24028º E, Malaise trap, indigenous forest, 22 Aug–5 Sep 2014, R. Copeland, ICIPE 64322, (NMK). Condition of holotype excellent, abdomen on card,
Paratypes: 2 ♀, Coast Prov., Marenje forest, 76 m, 4.52814º S, 39.24028º E, Malaise trap, indigenous forest, 22 Aug–5 Sep 2014, R. Copeland, ICIPE 64323 (NMK); 1 ♀, same data except 19 Sep–3 Oct 2014, R. Copeland (SMNH-TAU).
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A. & Copeland, Robert S., 2023, African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species, pp. 355-384 in Zootaxa 5360 (3) on page 365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10088533
Platyplectrus mrimaensis , Yefremova & Copeland 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Copeland, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Platyplectrus
Platyplectrus mrimaensis

description: 9. Platyplectrus mrimaensis, Yefremova & Copeland sp. nov.
Figs 35–37
Diagnosis. Pronotum large, without carina. Occiput rounded (Fig. 33). Scutellum reticulate in middle. POL 1.4× as long as OOL. Antenna.F1 2.1× as long as wide, 2.1× as long as pedicel and 1.1× as long as F2, clava 1.75× as long as F4. Gaster 1.75× as long as wide. Petiole conical and short. Body mostly yellow. Mesoscutum orange basally, becoming light yellow in posterior half. Scutellum with dark brown oval stripe not reaching posterior margin. Legs yellow with dark yellow coxae in mid and hind legs.
Description. Male. Body size 1.8 mm.
Colour: Body mostly yellow, face yellow with black scrobes, occiput with wide black stripe. Scutellum with dark brown oval stripe not reaching posterior margin. propodeum yellow. Gaster with whitish spots on T2+T3 with apical tergites brown, ventrally white (Fig. 36). Legs yellow with brownish hind and mid coxae.
Head: Malar sulcus present. Eyes asetose (Fig. 37). POL 1.4× as long as OOL. Antennae inserted above the level of the lower margin of eyes. All flagellomeres longer than wide. Scape 4.0× as long as wide. Pedicel 1.5× as long as wide, F1 1.12× as long as F2, F2=F3=F4. Clava 3-segmented 3.0× as long as wide and 1.7× as long as F4.
Mesosoma. Pronotum and mesoscutum smooth. Scutellum strongly reticulate in middle. Propodeum smooth with median carina, callus with 4 setae in first row and 8 in marginal row. Fore wing 2.5× as long as wide. SMV with 5 setae (Figs 35–36). Speculum small along pterostigma. SMV (28): MV (47): PMV (25): STV (11). Costal cell with 2 rows of setae, 12 setae in margin row, 3 setae in second row in middle surface of cell.
Legs. TS1 1.6× as long as TS2 and 1.3× as long as first tarsomere.
Metasoma. Petiole conical and very short. Gaster 1.7× as long as wide.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. Currently known only from Kenya.
Holotype. ♁, Kenya, Coast Prov., Mrima Hill forest, 212 m, 4.48576° S, 39.25845°E, Malaise trap, indigenous forest edge, 25 Dec 2011 – 8 Jan 2012, R. Copeland, ICIPE 64328 (NMK). Condition of holotype excellent.
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A. & Copeland, Robert S., 2023, African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species, pp. 355-384 in Zootaxa 5360 (3) on page 368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10088533
Platyplectrus nyanzaensis , Yefremova & Copeland 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Yefremova, Zoya A.
name: Copeland, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Platyplectrus
Platyplectrus nyanzaensis

description: 13. Platyplectrus nyanzaensis, Yefremova & Copeland sp. nov.
Figs 52–54
Diagnosis. Pronotum without carina. Occipital carina present but well-developed only in middle (Fig. 53). Eyes asetose. Scutellum smooth. POL 1.4× as long as OOL. Two brown setae between posterior ocelli. Antenna. F1 1.3× as long as pedicel and F2. Petiole short, cylindrical. Face yellow with dark stripes on scrobal grooves and vertex (Fig. 54). All legs yellow.
Description. Female. Body size 1.5–2.2 mm.
Colour (Figs 52, 54): Body mostly yellow, head yellow including clypeus, scrobal grooves and vertex black, eyes light grey, ocelli light yellow; scape and pedicel yellow, funicle brownish, propodeum black, gaster yellow except Gt 4–6 brown, legs yellow.
Head: Malar sulcus present. Mandibles membranous. Two short pairs of setae present between posterior ocelli. Occipital carina present. Eyes asetose (Fig. 54). POL 1.4× as long as OOL. Antennae inserted above the level of the lower margin of the eyes. Scape 5.9× as long as wide. Pedicel 2.3× as long as wide, with 2 pairs of long, brown setae. Flagellomeres 1 – 4. F1 1.4× as long as F2, F2 = F3, F3 1.1× as long as F4. Clava 3-segmented, 1.65× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as F4.
Mesosoma: Pronotum smooth. Mesoscutum and scutellum smooth. Propodeum strongly reticulate, with median carina and pronounced cup (Fig. 53), callus with 3 setae in first row and 5 in second. Fore wing 2.9× as long as wide. SMV with 5 long setae. Speculum small along pterostigma. SMV (16): MV (22): PMV (12): STV (7). Costal cell with 4 short setae in 1 row and 12 setae in marginal row. Hind wing rounded apically. Hind tibiae with two spurs; TS1 1.3× as long as 1 st tarsomere and 1.33× as long as TS2. Petiole short cylindrical.
Gaster 1.7× as long as wide.
Male. Unknown.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. Currently known only from Kenya.
Holotype. ♀, Kenya, Nyanza Prov., Mbita, 0.44690° S, 34.20036° E, 1158 m, Malaise trap, indigenous woodland path, 27 Nov–11 Dec 2017, R. Copeland, ICIPE 2925 (NMK). Condition of holotype excellent.
Paratypes. ♀, Kenya, Nyanza Prov., Mbita, 0.44690° S, 34.20036° E, 1158 m, Malaise trap, indigenous woodland path, 13–27 Nov 2017, R. Copeland, ICIPE 2984 (NMK); ♀, Kenya, Nyanza Prov., Mbita, 0.44690° S, 34.20036° E, 1158 m, Malaise trap, indigenous woodland path, 27 Nov–11 Dec 2017, R. Copeland (SMNH-TAU).
Etymology. This species is named after Nyanza Province, where the type material was collected.
description: Published as part of Yefremova, Zoya A. & Copeland, Robert S., 2023, African Platyplectrus Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Kenya, with description of nine new species, pp. 355-384 in Zootaxa 5360 (3) on page 373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/10088533
Crisia pseudosolena Marcus 1937
Creators: name: Almeida, Ana C. S.
name: Souza, Facelucia B. C.
name: Menegola, Carla
name: Vieira, Leandro M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cyclostomatida
Crisiidae
Crisia
Crisia pseudosolena

description: Crisia pseudosolena (Marcus, 1937)
(Figs. 18–21)
Crisevia pseudosolena Marcus, 1937: 19, pl. 1, fig. 4B, pl. 2, figs. 4A–D.
Crisia pseudosolena: Vieira et al. 2008: 34; Ramalho et al. 2009: 35, figs. 2A–F, 3A (cum syn.).
Material examined. UFBA 1577, UFBA 2346–47, Todos os Santos Bay, 13°00’S, 38°32’W, 3–8 m, coll. 2013 (on sponge Desmapsamma anchorata); UFBA 1191, UFBA 2348, Camamu Bay, 13°53’S, 38°59’W, 18–20 m, coll. October 2012 (on sponge Bubaris sp.).
Remarks. Crisia pseudosolena is characterized by having zooids with longitudinally elongate pseudopores, transverse wrinkles in calcification near distal ends of peristomes, circular autozooidal apertures (Fig. 19) and a pear-shaped gonozooid lacking an ooeciostome (Fig. 21) (Marcus 1937; Ramalho et al. 2009). Ramalho et al. (2009) gave a complete characterization of C. pseudosolena based on specimens found attached to several invertebrates and also to unidentified sponges. In Brazil, at least a second species, Crisia cylindrica Busk, 1886, were previously reported growing on an unidentified sponge (Vieira et al. 2012). Here we found colonies of C. pseudosolena encrusting the sponges Desmapsamma anchorata and Bubaris sp. This is the first record of C. pseudosolena in Bahia State.
Distribution. Atlantic: endemic to Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná) (Ramalho et al. 2009; present study).
description: Published as part of Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla & Vieira, Leandro M., 2017, Diversity of marine bryozoans inhabiting demosponges in northeastern Brazil, pp. 281-323 in Zootaxa 4290 (2) on page 289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/892719
Amathia distans Busk 1886
Creators: name: Almeida, Ana C. S.
name: Souza, Facelucia B. C.
name: Menegola, Carla
name: Vieira, Leandro M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Ctenostomatida
Vesiculariidae
Amathia
Amathia distans

description: Amathia distans Busk, 1886
(Figs. 22–23)
Amathia distans Busk, 1886: 33, pl. 7, fig. 1; Vieira et al. 2008: 10; Fehlauer-Ale et al. 2011: 56, figs. 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 (cum syn.); Migotto et al. 2011: 269; Marques et al. 2013: 271; Vieira et al. 2014: 514; Almeida et al. 2015b: 3.
Material examined. UFBA 1581, UFBA 2349–50, Todos os Santos Bay, 13°00’S, 38°32’W, 3–8 m, coll. 2013 (on sponge Callyspongia sp.); UFBA 1600, UFBA 2351, Camamu Bay, 13°53’S, 38°59’W, 18–20 m, coll. October 2012 (on sponge Dysidea etheria); UFBA 1617, UFBA 2352–53, Camamu Bay, 13°53’S, 38°59’W, 18–20 m, coll. October 2012 (on Mycale angulosa).
Remarks. Fehlauer-Ale et al. (2011) redescribed A. distans and stated the bright yellow pigment spots in stolonal and zooidal surfaces, the thickly cuticularised slender stolon (Fig. 22), and the autozooids organized in clockwise and anticlockwise directions (Fig. 23) as distinctive characters of the species. Amathia distans has been reported on a variety of substrata such as algae, bryozoans and anthropogenic surfaces (Fehlauer-Ale et al. 2011). Here we present the first record of A. distans associated with the sponges Callyspongia sp., Dysidea etheria and Mycale angulosa.
Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná) (Fehlauer-Ale et al. 2011).
description: Published as part of Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla & Vieira, Leandro M., 2017, Diversity of marine bryozoans inhabiting demosponges in northeastern Brazil, pp. 281-323 in Zootaxa 4290 (2) on pages 289-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/892719
Nellia tenella Lamarck 1816
Creators: name: Almeida, Ana C. S.
name: Souza, Facelucia B. C.
name: Menegola, Carla
name: Vieira, Leandro M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Quadricellariidae
Nellia
Nellia tenella

description: Nellia tenella (Lamarck, 1816)
(Figs. 24–26)
Cellaria tenella Lamarck, 1816: 135.
Nellia oculata Busk, 1852: 18, pl. 64, fig. 6; pl. 65, fig. 4; Winston et al. 2014: 161, fig. 3 (cum syn.); Almeida et al. 2015b: 3; Taylor & Tan 2015: 14, fig. 7B–E.
Material examined. UFBA 1602, UFBA 2354, Camamu Bay, 13°53’S, 38°59’W, 18–20 m, coll. October 2012 (on sponge Mycale angulosa); UFBA 1616, UFBA 1666, UFBA 2355, Camamu Bay, 13°53’S, 38°59’W, 18–20 m, coll. October 2012 (on Bubaris sp.).
Comparative material. MNHN IB-2008-4546, Cellaria tenella, syntype, Lamarck det., Mers Australes?.
Remarks. The taxonomic assignment of this species was recently discussed by Winston et al. (2014), who argued in favour of the usage of the name N. oculata instead of Nellia tenella (Lamarck, 1816) to specimens from Brazil, pending on the revision of type specimens of Cellaria tenella Lamarck. However, the examination of Lamarck’s Cellaria tenella (MNHN 4546; Fig. 26) shows that the main morphological characters are shared between both species, including the subquandrangular zooids, opesia occupying about three-quarters of surface, gymnocyst widest proximally, cryptocyst at proximal end of opesia, pores visible at the basal wall, a pair of very small oval avicularia placed proximolaterally on each zooid (Figs. 24 and 25) and ovicells endozooidal. Accordingly, as already notice by some authors (e.g., Cheetham 1966, Winston 2005) and following the principle of priority of ICZN (1999, Art. 23), Nellia oculata Busk must be considered junior synonym of Nellia tenella (Lamarck).
Nellia tenella has a wide tropical and subtropical distribution (Taylor & Tan 2015) and is found in a broad range of marine environments (Winston et al. 2014). It was already found associated to unidentified sponges on the Brazilian coast (Vieira et al. 2012).
Distribution. Circumtropical. Brazil: Rocas Atoll, Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (Winston et al. 2014).
description: Published as part of Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla & Vieira, Leandro M., 2017, Diversity of marine bryozoans inhabiting demosponges in northeastern Brazil, pp. 281-323 in Zootaxa 4290 (2) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/892719
Synnotum aegyptiacum Audouin 1826
Creators: name: Almeida, Ana C. S.
name: Souza, Facelucia B. C.
name: Menegola, Carla
name: Vieira, Leandro M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Epistomiidae
Synnotum
Synnotum aegyptiacum

description: Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin, 1826)
(Figs. 27–28)
Loricaria aegyptiaca Audouin, 1826: 243; Savigny, [1817]: pl. 13, figs. 4.1–4.5. Synnotum aegyptiacum: Tilbrook 2006: 65, plate 8E–F (cum syn.); Gluhak et al. 2007: 399, figs. 3A–B; Vieira et al. 2008: 18; Almeida et al. 2015b: 3.
Material examined. UFBA 1601, UFBA 2356–59 Camamu Bay, 13°53’S, 38°59’W, 18–20 m, coll. October 2012 (on sponge Bubaris sp.); UFBA 1615, UFBA 2360, Camamu Bay, 13°53’S, 38°59’W, 18–20 m, coll. October 2012 (on sponge Mycale angulosa).
Remarks. Synnotum aegyptiacum has erect articulated colonies formed by autozooids more or less fusiform with a large uncalcified frontal area, sessile short and robust avicularia placed at distal zooidal corners and pedunculate bulbous distal avicularia, placed between autozooids. This species is supposedly widely distributed in warm tropical waters, frequently found associated with algae, hydrozoans and other bryozoans, shell fragments and rocks (Osburn 1927; Marcus 1955; Shier 1964; Winston 1982b). Marcus (1955) reported colonies of S. aegyptiacum from southeast Brazil that were found anchored inside unidentified sponges. Colonies examined here were attached by rhizoids at the lateral surface of the rugose-textured sponges Bubaris sp. and Mycale angulosa.
Distribution. Circumtropical. Brazil: Fernando de Noronha, Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo and São Paulo (Vieira et al. 2008; Almeida et al. 2015b).
description: Published as part of Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla & Vieira, Leandro M., 2017, Diversity of marine bryozoans inhabiting demosponges in northeastern Brazil, pp. 281-323 in Zootaxa 4290 (2) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/892719