cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Building Resilient Cloud Over Unreliable Commodity Infrastructure
Creators: name: Kedia, Piyus
name: Bansal, Sorav
name: Deshpande, Deepak
name: Iyer, Sreekanth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cloud Computing has emerged as a successful computing paradigm for efficiently utilizing managed compute infrastructure such as high speed rack-mounted servers, connected with high speed networking, and reliable storage. Usually such infrastructure is dedicated, physically secured and has reliable power and networking infrastructure. However, much of our idle compute capacity is present in unmanaged infrastructure like idle desktops, lab machines, physically distant server machines, and laptops. We present a scheme to utilize this idle compute capacity on a best-effort basis and provide high availability even in face of failure of individual components or facilities. We run virtual machines on the commodity infrastructure and present a cloud interface to our end users. The primary challenge is to maintain availability in the presence of node failures, network failures, and power failures. We run multiple copies of a Virtual Machine (VM) redundantly on geographically dispersed physical machines to achieve availability. If one of the running copies of a VM fails, we seamlessly switchover to another running copy. We use Virtual Machine Record/Replay capability to implement this redundancy and switchover. In current progress, we have implemented VM Record/Replay for uniprocessor machines over Linux/KVM and are currently working on VM Record/Replay on shared-memory multiprocessor machines. We report initial experimental results based on our implementation.
description: Oral presentation at IEEE "Cloud Computing for Emerging Markets", Oct. 11-12, 2012, Bangalore, India
Multiple stellar-mass black holes in globular clusters: theoretical confirmation
Creators: name: Sippel, Anna C.
name: Hurley, Jarrod R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While tens or hundreds of stellar-remnant black holes are expected to form in globular star clusters, it is still unclear how many of those will be retained upon formation, and how many will be ejected through subsequent dynamical interactions. No such black holes have been found in any Milky Way globular cluster until the recent discovery of stellar-mass black holes in the globular cluster M22 (NGC 6656) with now an estimated population of 5-100 black holes. We present a direct N-body model of a star cluster of the same absolute and dynamical age as M22. Imposing an initial retention fraction of approx. 10% for black holes, 16 stellar-remnant black holes are retained at a cluster age of 12 Gyr, in agreement with the estimate for M22. Of those 16 BHs, two are in a binary system with a main sequence star each while also one pure black hole binary is present. We argue that multiple black holes can be present in any Milky Way cluster with an extended core radius, such as M22 or the model presented here.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS letters. 5 pages, 4 figures
Write my Research Paper
Creators: name: Toradack
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Write my Research Paper How to start writing? Initially the aim is that people make an initial diagnosis of their theme. Yet, if you need write my research paper help, go to ConfidentWriters.com, SolidEssay.com and BeeStudent.com Why choose us?  We are constantly looking to optimize our writing procedure. Moreover we: Apply techniques such as model for write my research paper solutions, the tree, the matrix, calendar and others, students find themselves and become aware of the situations of their life to enhance writing. Ensure that the resulting paper is analyzed and organized. We draw a good diagnosis 100%. All this, at first, is done without writing, with drawings or material found in the vicinity, and some consider trash. It is imperative to clear your mind. Write my research paper: How to make a diagnosis without writing? To make the diagnosis, you need to determine your needs. We know how to build such models. It is about codes of representation or symbols. For example, you can use lime or ash to represent paths, roads and trails, the houses can be made with sticks or twigs, adding a cross become churches, soda cans could be tanks or wells, etc. you will soon become inspired. Plus, you can go through as many samples as you wish. For example, a person or two can point out the ways and others may find other elements, etc. As it is elaborated, there may be changes, questions and corrections before you are satisfied, thus, you can ask for edits, etc. You must take into account that the process of building the research paper model is more important than the finished product. The use of objects in the environment, rather than the lines drawn, facilitates correct errors or makes necessary changes. In short write my research paper solutions will allow you to achieve a good result, this, this will lead to great academic performance.
Beyond belief: Strategic taboos and organizational identity in strategic agenda setting
Creators: name: Hoon, Christina
name: Jacobs, Claus D.
Publisher: name: London : SAGE Publications Ltd.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Organizational identity beliefs
subject: strategic agenda setting
subject: strategic options
subject: strategic taboo
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::650 | Management

description: A comprehensive strategic agenda matters for fundamental strategic change. Our study seeks to explore and theorize how organizational identity beliefs influence the judgment of strategic actors when setting an organization’s strategic agenda. We offer the notion of “strategic taboo” as those strategic options initially disqualified and deemed inconsistent with the organizational identity beliefs of strategic actors. Our study is concerned with how strategic actors confront strategic taboos in the process of setting an organization’s strategic agenda. Based on a revelatory inductive case study, we find that strategic actors engage in assessing the concordance of the strategic taboos with organizational identity beliefs and, more specifically, that they focus on key identity elements (philosophy; priorities; practices) when doing so. We develop a typology of three reinterpretation practices that are each concerned with a key identity element. While contextualizing assesses the potential concordance of a strategic taboo with an organization’s overall philosophy and purpose, instrumentalizing assesses such concordance with respect to what actors deem an organization’s priorities to be. Finally, normalizing explores concordance with respect to compatibility and fit with the organization’s practices. We suggest that assessing concordance of a strategic taboo with identity elements consists in reinterpreting collective identity beliefs in ways that make them consistent with what organizational actors deem the right course of action. This article discusses the implications for theory and research on strategic agenda setting, strategic change, a practice-based perspective on strategy, and on organizational identity. © The Author(s) 2014.
Beyond Speaking Truth? Institutional Responses to Uncertainty in Scientific Governance
Creators: name: Braun, Kathrin
name: Kropp, Cordula
Publisher: name: London : SAGE Publications Ltd.
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: scientific governance
subject: STS
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: [No abstract available]
Darwinism and Organizational Ecology: A Case of Incompleteness or Incompatibility?
Creators: name: Reydon, T.A.C.
name: Scholz, M.
Publisher: name: London : SAGE Publications Ltd.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Darwinism
subject: interactor
subject: Organizational Ecology
subject: population
subject: replicator
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Recently, Dollimore criticized our claim that Organizational Ecology is not a Darwinian research program. She argued that Organizational Ecology is merely an incomplete Darwinian program and provided a suggestion as to how this incompleteness could be remedied. Here, we argue that Dollimore's suggestion fails to remedy the principal problem that Organizational Ecology faces and that there are good reasons to think of the program as deeply incompatible with Darwinian thinking. © The Author(s) 2013.
Making sense of incidents of violence and aggression: A constructivist grounded theory analysis of inpatient mental health nursing staff’s experiences
Creators: name: Middleton Curran, Laura
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2023
Subjects: violence
aggression
acute
inpatient
psychiatric
forensic
mental health
hospital
nurse
nursing
nurses
staff
professionals

description: Introduction: While previous research explored nursing staff’s perceptions of violence and aggression thematically, there was a gap identified for in-depth analysis of the social processes and narratives which inform such perceptions. Aims: To explore the social processes underpinning narratives used to conceptualise violence and aggression. To identify which narratives support or threaten staff in constructing a positive professional identity. Method: Eight semi-structured interviews were completed with nursing and support staff who had worked, or currently worked in adult mental health inpatient contexts in the national health service of the United Kingdom. Analysis was conducted applying principles of constructivist grounded theory. Results: A model, ‘the impact of narratives of violence and aggression on professional identity construction’ was generated. This integrated four key theoretical codes: 1) constructing a positive nursing identity; 2) constructing the (un)deserving patient; 3) professional identity threats related to violence and aggression; and 4) mediating factors and support following violence and aggression. The theory explored the social processes which mediated the use of different narratives; and which narratives operated as protective or threating to the construction of a positive nursing identity. The theory further identified processes of support which could mitigate detrimental emotional and behavioural responses staff may experience following incidents. Narratives that contextualised violence and aggression in relation to restrictive ward environments, threat-responses, and patients’ previous experiences of trauma seemed to support empathy and understanding. Conclusion: Contextualising violence and aggression in terms of environment and distress in nursing teaching; staff training; and reflective practice may prove beneficial. Debriefs, supervisor support, and informal support from peers and senior team members seemed important following incidents. Mental health support may benefit staff whose emotional and behavioural responses to violence and aggression are acute, or long-lasting. Further research could support transferability and amplify underrepresented voices such as racialised staff.
Horizon scanning for plant health threats: 7 years of support to EU risk managers
Creators: name: Larenaudie, Magali
name: Antoniou, Alexia
name: Linge, Jens Patrick
name: Crotta, Matteo
name: Tramontini, Sara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: plant health
horizon scanning
emerging pests
media monitoring
emerging threats

description: EFSA has been mandated by the European Commission in 2016 to carry out a horizon scanning exercise of plant health threats to the European Union territory in order to support risk managers to address these potential new risks.
The scope of this activity is to identify new outbreaks of pests and diseases in and outside the EU, new host plants, new vectors, control measures or new pest species.
description: EU; pdf; PLANTS@efsa.europa.eu
Appendix data for "Algorithmically established dominance hierarchies: a validity assessment in European starlings"
Creators: name: Janica, Michal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biological psychology not elsewhere classified

description: The following data packet contains all the materials mentioned in the "Algorithmically established dominance hierarchies: a validity assessment in European starlings" study, as well as some additional ones, effectively functioning as an online appendix to the study.
 In the files you will find: - images used for identification of each of the six birds - full dataset of manually coded observations - ethogram used for coding the observations in BORIS - three video examples of what was considered a displacement
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Creators: name: Santana, José Cláudio Pavão
Publisher: name: Zenodo - Cadernos da Pena do Pavao
Year: 2023

description: Ano 09 – vol. 04 – n. 31/2021
Não sei se é possível determinar a "nacionalidade" da coisa. Bom, talvez no Brasil, porque aqui nossa pátria amada pariu uns filhos da…pátria, que nem de vira-latas têm o complexo. Eu respeito os animais.
Certo, porém, é que a sabedoria popular contida nos sábios conselhos de avós,  quando o assunto é amizade, parece ter sido moldada para os tempos atuais: Faz que nem água e azeite – te une, mas não te mistura.
Digital image correlation at high temperatures for fatigue and phase transformation studies
Creators: name: Holzweissig, Martin J.
name: Kanagarajah, Pirabagini
name: Maier, Hans Jürgen
Publisher: name: London : SAGE Publications Ltd.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: digital image correlation
subject: fatigue
subject: High-temperature
subject: microstructure
subject: phase transformation
subject: Elasticity
subject: Experiments
subject: Fatigue of materials
subject: Image analysis
subject: Microstructure
subject: Phase transitions
subject: Strain
subject: Strain measurement
subject: Digital image correlations
subject: Fatigue experiments
subject: High temperature
subject: Low cycle fatigues
subject: Nickel- based superalloys
subject: Phase transformation process
subject: Transformation Plasticity
subject: Variant selection
subject: Fatigue damage
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In this study, digital image correlation was used for two widely different cases to assess the potential and the limitations of the technique for applications at high temperatures. Specifically, digital image correlation was employed in high-temperature low-cycle fatigue experiments in a nickel-based superalloy and in phase transformation experiments conducted on bainitic steel in order to shed light on the microstructural processes. Depending on the type of experiments, the microstructure was characterized prior to the experiments (fatigue) or after the experiments (phase transformation). In the fatigue experiments, it was found that the features dominating damage evolution were the dendrites resulting from the solidification of the cast material. In the phase transformation experiments, variant selection is active when stresses are superimposed during the phase transformation process, which resulted in the evolution of transformation plasticity strains. Thereby, mainly the bainite variants oriented along the [101], [201] and [121] directions were observed to grow parallel to the loading axis, which in turn led to transformation plasticity strains. For validation of the digital image correlation data, average strains were calculated for the surface area probed and compared to strain values obtained by conventional extensometry. In all cases studied, the correlation was satisfactory, indicating that digital image correlation can provide for additional insight into processes active at the micro level. © 2013 IMechE.
Transparent conductive three-layered composite films based on carbon nanotubes with improved mechanical stability
Creators: name: Schwarz, Hans-Christoph
name: Schneider, Andreas M.
name: Klimke, Stephen
name: Anto, Bibin T.
name: Eiden, Stefanie
name: Behrens, Peter
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: C
subject: coating
subject: nanoscale
subject: carbon nanotube
subject: graphene oxide
subject: nanomaterial
subject: nanoparticle
subject: single walled nanotube
subject: zinc oxide nanoparticle
subject: adhesion
subject: Article
subject: chemical composition
subject: composite material
subject: controlled study
subject: electric conductivity
subject: film
subject: material coating
subject: mechanical stress
subject: molecular stability
subject: particle size
subject: scratching
subject: semiconductor
subject: transmission electron microscopy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: A layered composite coating material with favorable properties for application as a transparent conductor is presented. It is composed of layers of three nanoscopic materials, namely zinc oxide nanoparticles, single wall nanotubes, and graphene oxide nanosheets. The electrically conducting layer consists of single wall nanotubes (SWNTs). The layer of zinc oxide nanoparticles acts as a primer. It increases the adhesion and the stability of the films against mechanical stresses. The top layer of graphene oxide enhances the conductivity of such coatings. Such three-layer composite coatings show better conductivity (without compromising transparency) and improved mechanical stability compared to pure SWNT films. The processes used in the preparation of such coatings are easily scalable. Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014.
Über Eskalation
Creators: name: Hübner, Dieter
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Eskalation
subject: Philosophie
subject: Escalation
subject: philosophy
subject: ethics
subject: conflicts
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie

description: Escalation is commonly understood as the constant aggravation of mutual sanctions between two conflicting parties. While escalations have been intensively explored within the empirical sciences, philosophy and ethics have scarcely touched upon the issue up to now. This paper tries to fill this gap by analysing the normative structure that underlies escalations and determines their psychosocial dynamics. The experience of injustice suffered by the opponent and a resulting desire to perform unjust acts of one's own are highlighted as the essential ingredients of escalations. Against this background, the remarkable stability of escalating conflicts as well as certain paradoxical phenomena in escalating behaviour can both be satisfactorily reconstructed. Additionally, familiar aspects in the realisation of escalations can be better understood and new options for terminating escalations may be developed.
Erzbischof Arnulf von Reims und der Kampf um das Königtum im Westfrankenreich. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Reimser Remigius-Fälschungen
Creators: name: Huth, Volkhard
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 21, Nr. 1 (1994)
Utility theory as a method to minimise the risk in deformation analysis decisions
Creators: name: Zhang, Yin
name: Neumann, Ingo
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: decision making
subject: deformation monitoring
subject: hypothesis testing
subject: risk analysis
subject: utility theory
subject: Algorithms
subject: Decision making
subject: Decision theory
subject: Deformation
subject: Probability density function
subject: Risk analysis
subject: Statistical tests
subject: Alternative hypothesis
subject: Deformation analysis
subject: Deformation monitoring
subject: Hypothesis testing
subject: Individual monitoring
subject: Measurement process
subject: Probability density functions (PDFs)
subject: Utility theory
subject: Risk assessment
subject: collapse
subject: deformation
subject: monitoring
subject: probability
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie

description: Deformation monitoring usually focuses on the detection of whether the monitored objects satisfy the given properties (e.g. being stable or not), and makes further decisions to minimise the risks, for example, the consequences and costs in case of collapse of artificial objects and/or natural hazards. With this intention, a methodology relying on hypothesis testing and utility theory is reviewed in this paper. The main idea of utility theory is to judge each possible outcome with a utility value. The presented methodology makes it possible to minimise the risk of an individual monitoring project by considering the costs and consequences of overall possible situations within the decision process. It is not the danger that the monitored object may collapse that can be reduced. The risk (based on the utility values multiplied by the danger) can be described more appropriately and therefore more valuable decisions can be made. Especially, the opportunity for the measurement process to minimise the risk is an important key issue. In this paper, application of the methodology to two of the classical cases in hypothesis testing will be discussed in detail: 1) both probability density functions (pdfs) of tested objects under null and alternative hypotheses are known; 2) only the pdf under the null hypothesis is known and the alternative hypothesis is treated as the pure negation of the null hypothesis. Afterwards, a practical example in deformation monitoring is introduced and analysed. Additionally, the way in which the magnitudes of utility values (consequences of a decision) influence the decision will be considered and discussed at the end.
Casimir Energy for a Coupled Fermion-Kink System and its stability
Creators: name: Gousheh, Siamak Sadat
name: Mohammadi, Azadeh
name: Shahkarami, Leila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the Casimir energy for a system consisting of a fermion and a pseudoscalar field in the form of a prescribed kink. This model is not exactly solvable and we use the phase shift method to compute the Casimir energy. We use the relaxation method to find the bound states and the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method to obtain the scattering wavefunctions of the fermion in the whole interval of $x$. The resulting phase shifts are consistent with the weak and strong forms of the Levinson theorem. Then, we compute and plot the Casimir energy as a function of the parameters of the pseudoscalar field, i.e. the slope of $ϕ(x)$ at x=0 ($μ$) and the value of $ϕ(x)$ at infinity ($θ_0$). In the graph of the Casimir energy as a function of $μ$ there is a sharp maximum occurring when the fermion bound state energy crosses the line of E=0. Furthermore, this graph shows that the Casimir energy goes to zero for $μ\rightarrow 0$, and also for $μ\rightarrow \infty$ when $θ_0$ is an integer multiple of $π$. Moreover, the graph of the Casimir energy as a function of $θ_0$ shows that this energy is on the average an increasing function of $θ_0$ and has a cusp whenever there is a zero fermionic mode. We finally compute the total energy of a system consisting of a valence fermion in the ground state. Most importantly, we show that this energy (the sum of the Casimir energy and the energy of the fermion) is minimum when the background field has winding number one, independent of the details of the background profile. Throughout the paper we compare our results with those of a simple exactly solvable model, where a piece-wise linear profile approximates the kink. We find that the kink is an almost reflectionless barrier for the fermions, within the context of our model.
description: revtex4, 10 pages, 9 figures
Zweitveröffentlichungen - Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen
Creators: name: Kaulen, Ina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Green Open Access
Open Access
Urheberrecht
Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht

description: Der Beitrag von Dr. Ina Kaulen zu "Zweitveröffentlichungen - Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen" war Teil eines Online-Workshops am 21.11.2023, der sich an Verantwortliche in Bibliotheken und der Forschungsadministrationen von Fachhochschulen und Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften richtete. 
Ziel des Workshops war es, Good-Practice-Beispiele zu Zweitveröffentlichungsservices und dies betreffende Workflows aufzuzeigen, über die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen zu informieren und eigene Handlungsspielräume zu entdecken bzw. Ideen für Kooperationsangebote zu eröffnen.
Caroline Bourlet, Annie Dufour (Hrsg.), L'écrit dans la société médiévale. Divers aspects de sa pratique du XIe au XVe siècle. Textes en hommage à Lucie Fossier, 1991
Creators: name: Grosse, Rolf
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 21, Nr. 1 (1994)
Xavier Barral i Altet (Hrsg.), Artistes, artisans et production artistique au Moyen Âge, Colloque international. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes II – Haute-Bretagne, 2–6 mai 1983, Vol, 3: Fabrication et consommation de l'œuvre. Index général des trois volumes, 1990
Creators: name: Albrecht, Uwe
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 21, Nr. 1 (1994)
Meson electromagnetic form factors
Creators: name: Dubnicka, Stanislav
name: Dubnickova, Anna Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic structure of the pseudoscalar meson nonet is completely described by the sophisticated Unitary&Analytic model, respecting all known theoretical properties of the corresponding form factors.
description: Invited talk on 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction Krakow, Poland, 31 May - 5 June 2012. (11 latex pages, 7 eps figures)
First faint dual-field phase-referenced observations on the Keck interferometer
Creators: name: Woillez, Julien
name: Wizinowich, Peter
name: Akeson, Rachel
name: Colavita, Mark
name: Eisner, Josh
name: Millan-Gabet, Rafael
name: Monnier, John
name: Pott, Jorg-Uwe
name: Ragland, Sam
name: Appleby, Eric
name: Cooper, Andrew
name: Felizardo, Claude
name: Herstein, Jennifer
name: Martin, Olivier
name: Medeiros, Drew
name: Morrison, Douglas
name: Panteleeva, Tatyana
name: Smith, Brett
name: Summers, Kellee
name: Tsubota, Kevin
name: Tyau, Colette
name: Wetherell, Ed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground-based long baseline interferometers have long been limited in sensitivity by the short integration periods imposed by atmospheric turbulence. The first observation fainter than this limit was performed on January 22, 2011 when the Keck Interferometer observed a K=11.5 target, about one magnitude fainter than its K=10.3 limit. This observation was made possible by the Dual Field Phase Referencing instrument of the ASTRA project: simultaneously measuring the real-time effects of the atmosphere on a nearby bright guide star, and correcting for it on the faint target, integration time longer than the turbulence time scale are made possible. As a prelude to this demonstration, we first present the implementation of Dual Field Phase Referencing on the interferometer. We then detail its on-sky performance focusing on the accuracy of the turbulence correction, and on the resulting fringe contrast stability. We conclude with a presentation of early results obtained with Laser Guide Star AO and the interferometer.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, Proc. SPIE 2012
Johann-Bernhard Haversath. Die Agrarlandschaft im römischen Deutschland der Kaiserzeit
Creators: name: Baatz, Dietwulf
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Johann-Bernhard Haversath. Die Agrarlandschaft im römischen Deutschland der Kaiserzeit. Passauer Schriften zur Geographie, Band 2. Passavia Universitätsverlag, Passau 1984. 114 Seiten, 5 Textabbildungen, 19 Karten.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 190.1990(1991): Bonner Jahrbücher
title: Role of the gut microbiota in Clostridioides difficile Infection
title: The role of the gut microbiota in Clostridioides difficile Infection
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Irvine, Amy
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2023
Subjects: gut microbiota
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)
hospital-acquired infection
community-acquired
relapsing infection
alcohol consumption

description: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is caused by the anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium C. difficile. In the US there are approximately 500,000 cases of CDI a year and 15,000 deaths. In Scotland, from 2011-2020 there were 60-209 deaths per annum in which CDI was listed as a contributory factor in the death. CDI is traditionally considered as a hospital-acquired infection although approximately 40% of cases are community-acquired. CDI patients are also at risk from relapsing infection which affects 20-30% of patients, with the risk of future relapse and mortality growing with each subsequent relapse. The gut microbiota provides a protective barrier against CDI via colonisation resistance; essentially, the host’s gut microbiota prevents colonisation by C. difficile. One proposed mechanism of resistance is that members of the host gut microbiota convert primary bile acids which C. difficile spores use to germinate into secondary bile acids. This resistance is lost after exposure to antibiotics which kill the bacteria within the host gut microbiome that convert primary into secondary bile acids. Faecal samples were gathered from approximately 400 patients and community volunteers from the NHS Lothian region in Scotland. Total DNA was extracted from these samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplified via the PCR. The amplified samples were pooled and sequenced alongside mock communities by sequencing the pooled amplicons on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The mock community samples were used to determine if the bioinformatics platform QIIME (quantitative insights into microbial ecology) and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) or QIIME2 and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were the most appropriate approach to analysing the data. The patient and volunteer data were analysed using QIIME2 and ASVs; comparisons of alpha-diversity, beta-diversity and differential abundances were made between patient and volunteer groups and within patient groups to explore any differences in the gut microbiota. Results show a higher level of inter-individual variation within the patient groups than the volunteer group. In volunteers, alcohol consumption had an impact on the diversity of the gut microbiota but this difference was not seen in CDI patient groups. In CDI patients, patient location and antibiotic history affected the gut microbiota. Results highlight the difficulty of using such methods diagnostically/clinically in the presence of a high background of inter-individual variation.
Obtaining Maxwell's equations heuristically
Creators: name: Diener, Gerhard
name: Weissbarth, Jürgen
name: Grossmann, Frank
name: Schmidt, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the experimental fact that a moving charge experiences the Lorentz force and applying the fundamental principles of simplicity (first order derivatives only) and linearity (superposition principle), we show that the structure of the microscopic Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic fields can be deduced heuristically by using the transformation properties of the fields under space inversion and time reversal. Using the experimental facts of charge conservation and that electromagnetic waves propagate with the speed of light together with Galileo invariance of the Lorentz force allows us to introduce arbitrary electrodynamic units naturally.
description: 11 pages
Toxicological Issues of Nanoparticles Employed in Photocatalysis
Creators: name: Wagner, Stefanie
name: Bloh, Jonathan Z.
name: Kasper, Cornelia
name: Bahnemann, Detlef W.
Publisher: name: Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: nanotoxicology
subject: nanotechnology
subject: TiO2 ZnO
subject: photocatalysis
subject: environmental impacts
subject: human health risks
subject: in vivo studies
subject: in vitro studies
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::624 | Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: A huge amount of different nanomaterials is nowadays on the market used for various specific applications. Some nanomaterials such as TiO2, ZnO as well as several other semiconductors exhibit photocatalytic activity. Hence these materials are used for many applications, e.g., for self-cleaning and antibacterial coatings on different surfaces and for the purification of wastewater where the cleaning can be induced by simple exposure to sunlight. Because of the frequent use of these nanoparticles it is important to investigate the life cycles of these nanostructured materials as well as their environmental impact and their toxicity to animals and humans. This review first gives a short overview about nanotechnology and nanotechnological products as well as about photocatalysis and semiconductors used in this field. We then discuss the need for a new technology named nanotoxicology and the problems occurring when investigating the toxic potential of nanomaterials as well as the life cycle of nanomaterials. Furthermore, we focus on the environmental impact of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles including toxic effects to bacteria, water organisms and plants as well as their toxic effects to humans including in vitro and in vivo studies.
Robust Spatial Approximation of Laser Scanner Point Clouds by Means of Free-form Curve Approaches in Deformation Analysis
Creators: name: Bureick, Johannes
name: Alkhatib, Hamza
name: Neumann, Ingo
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: B-Splines
subject: Deformation
subject: Free-form Curve
subject: Knot Adjustment
subject: Monte-Carlo Resampling Techniques
subject: Robust Parameter Estimation
subject: Interpolation
subject: Laser applications
subject: Railroad tracks
subject: Scanning
subject: Ship propellers
subject: Splines
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: B splines
subject: Free form curve
subject: Knot adjustments
subject: Resampling technique
subject: Robust parameter estimation
subject: Monte Carlo methods
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie

description: In many geodetic engineering applications it is necessary to solve the problem of describing a measured data point cloud, measured, e. g. by laser scanner, by means of free-form curves or surfaces, e. g., with B-Splines as basis functions. The state of the art approaches to determine B-Splines yields results which are seriously manipulated by the occurrence of data gaps and outliers. Optimal and robust B-Spline fitting depend, however, on optimal selection of the knot vector. Hence we combine in our approach Monte-Carlo methods and the location and curvature of the measured data in order to determine the knot vector of the B-Spline in such a way that no oscillating effects at the edges of data gaps occur. We introduce an optimized approach based on computed weights by means of resampling techniques. In order to minimize the effect of outliers, we apply robust M-estimators for the estimation of control points. The above mentioned approach will be applied to a multi-sensor system based on kinematic terrestrial laserscanning in the field of rail track inspection. © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston.
The acquisition of plural marking in English and German revisited: Schemata versus rules
Creators: name: Köpcke, Klaus-Michael
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: child
subject: comparative study
subject: female
subject: Germany
subject: human
subject: language development
subject: learning
subject: male
subject: phonetics
subject: physiology
subject: preschool child
subject: Child
subject: Child Language
subject: Child, Preschool
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Language Development
subject: Learning
subject: Male
subject: Phonetics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: [No abstract available]
README
Creators: name: Bollen, Martijn
name: Neyens, Thomas
name: Beenaerts, Natalie
name: Casaer, Jim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Population ecology
Spatial statistics

description: Information on the contents and structure of : Supplementary data to "Impacts of zoning and spatial confounders of zones on the abundance of wild boar assessed through a Bayesian N-mixture Model"
Averaged collision and reaction rates in a two-species gas of ultracold fermions
Creators: name: Pikovski, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reactive or elastic two-body collisions in an ultracold gas are affected by quantum statistics. In this paper, we study ensemble-averaged collision rates for a two-species fermionic gas. The two species may have different masses, densities and temperatures. We investigate how averaged collision rates are affected by the presence of Fermi spheres in the initial states; Pauli blocking of final states is not considered. It is shown that, independently on the details of the collision, Fermi-averaged collision rates deviate from Boltzmann-averaged ones, particularly for a gas with strong imbalance of masses or densities.
description: 7 pages
Symmetry of steady deep-water waves with vorticity
Creators: name: Constantin, Adrian
name: Escher, Joachim
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: deep-water waves
subject: vorticity
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: For a large class of vorticities we prove that a steady periodic deep-water wave must be symmetric if its profile is monotone between crests and troughs. © 2004 Cambridge University Press.
Symmetry of steady periodic surface water waves with vorticity
Creators: name: Constantin, Adrian
name: Escher, Joachim
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Gravity waves
subject: Partial differential equations
subject: Steady flow
subject: Vortex flow
subject: Crests
subject: Maximum principles
subject: Water waves
subject: fluid mechanics
subject: gravity wave
subject: vorticity
subject: water wave
subject: wave behavior
subject: Gravitationswelle
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: For large classes of vorticities we prove that a steady periodic gravity water wave with a monotonic profile between crests and troughs must be symmetric. The analysis uses sharp maximum principles for elliptic partial differential equations.
Higgs After the Discovery: A Status Report
Creators: name: Carmi, Dean
name: Falkowski, Adam
name: Kuflik, Eric
name: Volansky, Tomer
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations have announced the discovery of a 125 GeV particle, commensurable with the Higgs boson. We analyze the 2011 and 2012 LHC and Tevatron Higgs data in the context of simplified new physics models, paying close attention to models which can enhance the diphoton rate and allow for a natural weak-scale theory. Combining the available LHC and Tevatron data in the ZZ* 4-lepton, WW* 2-lepton, diphoton, and b-bbar channels, we derive constraints on the effective low-energy theory of the Higgs boson. We map several simplified scenarios to the effective theory, capturing numerous new physics models such as supersymmetry, composite Higgs, dilaton. We further study models with extended Higgs sectors which can naturally enhance the diphoton rate. We find that the current Higgs data are consistent with the Standard Model Higgs boson and, consequently, the parameter space in all models which go beyond the Standard Model is highly constrained.
description: 37 pages; v2: ATLAS dijet-tag diphoton channel added, dilaton and doublet-singlet bugs corrected, references added; v3: ATLAS WW channel included, comments and references added
ACCESS-Background rate of adverse events-definition –Chilblain Like lesions
Creators: name: van Wijngaarden, P
name: Willame, C
name: Belbachir, L
name: Durán, C
name: Martín-Pérez, M
name: García-Poza, P
name: Souverein, P
name: Sturkenboom, MCJM
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: electronic health care databases, codes, AESI, vaccine, Chilblain like lesions

description: This document contains the definition of Chilblain like lesions and the operationalization to extract this event from different electronic health care databases in the EU, to calculate background rates of AESI The document contains the key definition, procedures and treatments, the diagnosis codes based on Codemapper output with changes/additions by data access providers, and when available published validation studies and background rates
description: This study (ACCESS project) was funded by the European Medicines Agency
Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock versus chiral effective field theory
Creators: name: Sammarruca, F.
name: Chen, B.
name: Coraggio, L.
name: Itaco, N.
name: Machleidt, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare nuclear and neutron matter predictions based on two different ab initio approaches to nuclear forces and the nuclear many-body problem. The first consists of a realistic meson-theoretic nucleon-nucleon potential together with the relativistic counterpart of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory of nuclear matter. The second is based on chiral effective field theory, with density-dependent interactions derived from leading order chiral three-nucleon forces. We find the results to be very close and conclude that both approaches contain important features governing the physics of nuclear and neutron matter.
description: PDFLATEX, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1107.3339, arXiv:1111.0695, arXiv:1002.0146
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of different DNA regions as genetic markers in the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Creators: name: Hondelmann, P.
name: Borgemeister, C.
name: Poehling, Hans-Michael
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Diptera
subject: Episyrphus balteatus
subject: Europe
subject: Genetic diversity
subject: Migration
subject: Overwintering
subject: Population structure
subject: Syrphidae
subject: mitochondrial DNA
subject: DNA
subject: genetic marker
subject: migration
subject: polymerase chain reaction
subject: population genetics
subject: animal
subject: article
subject: female
subject: fly
subject: genetic variability
subject: genetics
subject: haplotype
subject: male
subject: restriction fragment length polymorphism
subject: Animals
subject: DNA, Mitochondrial
subject: Female
subject: Genetic Markers
subject: Haplotypes
subject: Male
subject: Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
subject: Variation (Genetics)
subject: Eastern Hemisphere
subject: Eurasia
subject: World
subject: Hexapoda
subject: Insecta
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using mitochondrial (A + T-rich region; mtDNA) and genomic (zen-region; nDNA) DNA was performed on 182 female individuals of Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), a widespread aphidophagous hoverfly with supposed migratory behaviour. Specimens originated from 13 sampling sites in six European countries. The analyses revealed 12 and 18 haplotypes, respectively, for the two DNA types, several of them with a wide distribution, although seven and eight haplotypes, respectively, occurred only in one location. In contrast to other studies on mobile insects, the genetic diversity was relatively high. However, lack of population subdivision, low genetic distances between populations, the very high gene flow rates, and the complete lack of isolation by distance suggest that E. balteatus populations are largely connected and that there is an absence of large-scale geographic structuring. These results support the hypothesis that E. balteatus is a migratory hoverfly species, capable of moving over large distances. These findings related to the seasonal migrations of this species are discussed. © CAB International, 2005.
On Large N Solution of N=3 Chern-Simons-adjoint Theories
Creators: name: Suyama, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The planar resolvent for N=3 U(N)_k Chern-Simons theory coupled to an arbitrary number of adjoint matters is determined. Analytic continuation of the 't Hooft coupling t is analyzed. The eigenvalue distribution turns out to be confined in a finite region even for a large t. The vev of a Wilson loop does not exhibit an exponential growth although such a behavior would be expected for theories with classical gravity duals.
description: 29 pages, v2) reference added