cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SDSS J134441.83+204408.3: A highly asynchronous, short-period magnetic cataclysmic variable with a 56 MG field strength
Creators: name: Littlefield, Colin
name: Mason, Paul A.
name: Garnavich, Peter
name: Szkody, Paula
name: Thorstensen, John
name: Scaringi, Simone
name: Ilkiewicz, Krystian
name: Kennedy, Mark R.
name: Wells, Natalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the accreting white dwarf in a magnetic cataclysmic variable star (mCV) has a field strength in excess of 10 MG, it is expected to synchronize its rotational frequency to the binary orbit frequency, particularly at small binary separations, due to the steep radial dependence of the magnetic field. We report the discovery of an mCV (SDSS J134441.83+204408.3; hereafter, J1344) that defies this expectation by displaying asynchronous rotation ($P_{spin}/P_{orb} = 0.893$) in spite of a high surface field strength (B=56 MG) and a short orbital period (114 min). Previously misidentified as a synchronously rotating mCV, J1344 was observed by TESS during sector 50, and the resulting power spectrum shows distinct spin and orbital frequencies, along with various sidebands and harmonics. Although there are several other asynchronous mCVs at short orbital periods, the presence of cyclotron humps in J1344's SDSS spectrum makes it possible to directly measure the field strength in the cyclotron-emitting region; a previously study estimated 65 MG based on its identification of two cyclotron humps, but we revise this to 56$\pm$2 MG based on the detection of a third hump and on our modeling of the cyclotron spectrum. Short-period mCVs with field strengths above 10 MG are normally expected to be synchronous, so the highly asynchronous rotation in J1344 presents an interesting challenge for theoretical studies of spin-period evolution.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Kinetics of Fluid Phase Separation
Creators: name: Das, Subir K.
name: Roy, Sutapa
name: Midya, Jiarul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review understanding of kinetics of fluid phase separation in various space dimensions. Morphological differences, percolating or disconnected, based on overall composition in a binary liquid or density in a vapor-liquid system, have been pointed out. Depending upon the morphology, various possible mechanisms and corresponding theoretical predictions for domain growth are discussed. On computational front, useful models and simulation methodologies have been presented. Theoretically predicted growth laws have been tested via molecular dynamics simulations of vapor-liquid transitions. In case of disconnected structure, the mechanism has been confirmed directly. This is a brief review on the topic for a special issue on coarsening dynamics, expected to appear in Comptes Rendus Physique.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Reconstructing metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Creators: name: Dombrowski, N.
name: Seitz, K.W.
name: Teske, A.P.
name: Baker, B.J.
name: Donaho, J.A.
name: Gutierrez, T.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2016

description: The Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, one of the largest marine oil spills1, changed bacterial communities in the water column and sediment as they responded to complex hydrocarbon mixtures2-4. Shifts in community composition have been correlated to the microbial degradation and use of hydrocarbons2,5,6, but the full genetic potential and taxon-specific metabolisms of bacterial hydrocarbon degraders remain unresolved. Here, we have reconstructed draft genomes of marine bacteria enriched from sea surface and deep plume waters of the spill that assimilate alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during stable-isotope probing experiments, and we identify genes of hydrocarbon degradation pathways. Alkane degradation genes were ubiquitous in the assembled genomes. Marinobacter was enriched with n-hexadecane, and uncultured Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria populations were enriched in the polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading communities and contained a broad gene set for degrading phenanthrene and naphthalene. The repertoire of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon use varied among different bacterial taxa and the combined capabilities of the microbial community exceeded those of its individual components, indicating that the degradation of complex hydrocarbon mixtures requires the non-redundant capabilities of a complex oil-degrading community.
Isolating the gain in the nitrogen molecular cation
Creators: name: Britton, Mathew
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020

description: The nitrogen molecular cation is a promising gain medium for the air laser, which could be a powerful tool for remote sensing applications. After nearly a decade of international scientific effort, there are still questions about the gain mechanisms. This thesis explores gain in the nitrogen molecular ion using an experimental configuration that isolates the generation of gain from uncontrolled effects. We use a narrow nitrogen gas jet in vacuum to minimize propagation distance and a probe pulse to measure gain. We first test the role of inelastic scattering during electron recollision as a mechanism to populate the excited state, and we find that it has a small contribution. Then, we measure gain dynamics by varying the probe delay. We measure short- and long-term gain in different conditions. The long-term gain is consistent with the decay of population inversion due to collisions between electrons and ions in the plasma. The decay is modulated due to rotational wave packets in the states of the ion. Rotational coherence decays on the same timescale as the gain due to the incoherent mixing of states. We then introduce an additional non-ionizing pulse that interacts with the ion after ionization. The additional pulse changes the experiment to pump-probe spectroscopy on the ion itself. It can manipulate the rotational wave packets. It can also halt or redirect the emission following the probe pulse by coupling the ground lasing state with a middle state. In both cases, it controls the characteristics of gain and emission at a distance. These interactions highlight the role of the middle state, which is an essential ingredient for gain. Short-term gain appears at low pump intensity when the pump or control pulses overlap the probe pulse. It is consistent with wave mixing due to Raman gain in a V-system.
Thermal and geochemical influences on microbial biogeography in the hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Creators: name: Teske, A.
name: Larowe, D.E.
name: McKay, L.
name: Mendlovitz, H.P.
name: Amend, J.P.
name: Albert, D.
name: Hoer, D.R.
name: Klokman, V.W.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2016

description: Extreme thermal gradients and compressed metabolic zones limit the depth range of microbial colonization in hydrothermally active sediments at Guaymas Basin. We investigated the physicochemical characteristics of this ecosystem and their influence on microbial community structure. Temperature-related trends of δ13C values of methane and dissolved inorganic carbon from 36 sediment cores suggest in situ thermal limits for microbial anaerobic methane oxidation and organic carbon re-mineralization near 80°C and 100°C respectively. Temperature logging probes deposited in hydrothermal sediments for 8 days demonstrate substantial thermal fluctuations of up to 25°C. Putative anaerobic methanotroph (ANME) populations dominate the archaeal community, transitioning from ANME-1 archaea in warm surficial sediments towards ANME-1 Guaymas archaea as temperatures increase downcore. Since ANME archaea performing anaerobic oxidation of methane double on longer time scales (months) compared with relatively rapid in situ temperature fluctuations (hours to days), we conclude that ANME archaea possess a high tolerance for short-term shifts in the thermal regime.
Exploring the Impact of E-Mobility Adoption on Energy Demand in Ghana
Creators: name: Boateng Daniel Yeboah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Energy Transition, Transport Ghana, E-vehicle, E-mobility

description: This study was made using the MAED tool to understand how the advent of E-mobility in the transport sector affects overall energy consumption in order to enable informed decision-making regarding energy policy and planning, as well as to promote a more sustainable and efficient energy system.
Comparative education concepts, methods and practices in the emerging anthropocene educational space: from ‘measuring the other’ to ‘supporting the other’?
Creators: name: Seddon, Teresa
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems
classificationCode: 3902
subject: Education policy, sociology and philosophy

description: Climate change threatens human well-being and planetary health but is hardly addressed in education. Comparative education research has advised governments about education reforms since the nineteenth century, so what must change to sustain a liveable earth? I use the concept of ‘educational space’ to understand how comparative knowledge building has steered education. Then I re-read three volumes of the World Yearbook of Education (WYB) to show how comparative education has embedded knowledges that have steered governing, neglected experiences that complicate powerlessness, and constrained learning through measurement. I argue current education compromises humans facing challenging climate futures but could provide knowledges to support ‘the other’.
Genomic evidence for distinct carbon substrate preferences and ecological niches of Bathyarchaeota in estuarine sediments
Creators: name: Teske, A.P.
name: Hinrichs, K.-U.
name: Dick, G.J.
name: Seitz, K.
name: Hyde, A.S.
name: Baker, B.J.
name: Lazar, C.S.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2016

description: Investigations of the biogeochemical roles of benthic Archaea in marine sediments are hampered by the scarcity of cultured representatives. In order to determine their metabolic capacity, we reconstructed the genomic content of four widespread uncultured benthic Archaea recovered from estuary sediments at 48% to 95% completeness. Four genomic bins were found to belong to different subgroups of the former Miscellaneous Crenarcheota Group (MCG) now called Bathyarchaeota: MCG-6, MCG-1, MCG-7/17 and MCG-15. Metabolic predictions based on gene content of the different genome bins indicate that subgroup 6 has the ability to hydrolyse extracellular plant-derived carbohydrates, and that all four subgroups can degrade detrital proteins. Genes encoding enzymes involved in acetate production as well as in the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway were detected in all four genomes inferring that these Archaea are organo-heterotrophic and autotrophic acetogens. Genes involved in nitrite reduction were detected in all Bathyarchaeota subgroups and indicate a potential for dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium. Comparing the genome content of the different Bathyarchaeota subgroups indicated preferences for distinct types of carbohydrate substrates and implicitly, for different niches within the sedimentary environment.
title: Investigation of magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of radiation effects on healthy mice brain tissue and Glioblastoma treatment
Creators: name: Qaisi, Abdulrahman
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ionising radiation (IR), Glioblastoma Multiform (GBM), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI).

description: In the field of clinical oncology, radiotherapy is one of the most extensively applied anticancer treatments. However, the ionizing radiation (IR) is absorbed not only by the targeted cells, but also by the surrounding normal cells as well. Consequently, patients may experience symptoms associated with a damage to normal tissues a few weeks, months or years after a course of radiotherapy. We applied a right brain hemisphere radiation technique for mice that mimics radiation exposure during radiotherapy. We investigated several possible brain imaging biomarkers for radiation-induced damage, such as demyelination, axonal injury and inflammation, at different time points post-irradiation (IR). Because Glioblastoma Multiform (GBM) can provoke a more infiltrative phenotype in GBM cells which survive treatment, scans of the brain were obtained using different Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) modalities, including Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), T2 weighted high resolution and T2 mapping) at several time points (pre-IR and 15, 50, 90 and 180 days post-IR). We also investigated the ability of MRI to assess the early stage effect of ionising radiation treatment on the invasiveness of an infiltrative rodent GBM model by using T2 weighted imaging.
The multi-zone chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge: predicting abundances for different radial zones
Creators: name: Cavichia, Oscar
name: Mollá, Mercedes
name: Bazán, Juanjo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to its proximity, the stellar populations of the Galactic bulge (GB) can be resolved and can be studied in detail. This allows tracing the bulge metallicity distribution function (MDF) for different spatial regions within the bulge, which may give us clues about the bulge formation and evolution scenarios. In this work, we developed a chemical evolution model (CEM), taking into account the mass distribution in the bulge and disc, to derive the radial dependence of this time-scale in the Galaxy. Since the infall rate depends on that time scale in the CEM, the results of the model were used to test a scenario where the bulge is formed inside-out. The obtained results for the $[α/\mbox{Fe}]$ vs. [Fe/H] relationship, the MDF and the [Fe/H] radial gradient in the bulge have been compared to available data in the literature. The model is able to reproduce most of the observational data: the spread in the relation $[α/\mbox{Fe}]$ vs. [Fe/H], the MDF shape in different regions of the bulge, the [Fe/H] radial gradient inside it and the age-metallicity relation, as well as the [$α$/Fe] evolution with age. The results of the model point to a scenario where the bulk of the bulge stars pre-existed the boxy/peanut X-shape bar formation. As a result, the classical origin of the GB is not ruled out and this scenario may be invoked to explain the chemical properties of the Galactic bulge.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Pulsed blooms and persistent oil-degrading bacterial populations in the water column during and after the Deepwater Horizon blowout
Creators: name: D'Ambrosio, L.
name: Yang, T.
name: Gutierrez, T.
name: Highsmith, R.
name: Joye, S.B.
name: Teske, A.
name: Nigro, L.M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2016

description: One of the defining features of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the rapid formation and persistence of a hydrocarbon plume in deep water. Here we use 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments to outline the temporal dynamics of the bacterial community in the water column near the Macondo wellhead. Our timeline starts with the pre-spill (March 2010) status of the water column bacterial community, continues through the bacterial enrichments dominating the hydrocarbon plume after the blowout (DWH Oceanospirillales, Cycloclasticus, Colwellia in late May 2010), and leads towards post-spill bacterial communities with molecular signatures related to degradation of phytoplankton pulses (September and October 2010; July 2011) in the water column near the Macondo wellhead. We document a dramatic transition as the complex bacterial community before the oil spill was temporarily overwhelmed by a few specialized bacterial groups responding to the massive influx of hydrocarbons in May 2010. In September and October 2010, this bacterial bloom had been replaced by a diversified bacterial community which resembled its predecessor prior to the spill. Notably, the post-plume 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and pyrosequencing datasets illustrated the continued presence of oil-degrading bacteria in the water column near the Macondo wellhead which we posit to represent an inherent signature of hydrocarbon catabolic potential to the Gulf of Mexico. The pyroseqencing results detected and tracked minority bacterial populations that were not visible in the conventional 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and allowed us to identify natural reservoirs of the Deepwater Horizon Oceanospirillales within and outside of the Gulf of Mexico.
Dispersion Managed Mode-locking in all-fiber Polarization-maintaining Nd-doped Laser at 920 nm
Creators: name: Mkrtchyan, Aram A.
name: Mishevsky, Mikhail. S.
name: Gladush, Yuriy G.
name: Melkumov, Mikhail A.
name: Khegai, Aleksandr M.
name: Lagoudakis, Pavlos G.
name: Nasibulin, Albert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of dispersion managed ultrashort-pulse generation in Nd-doped polarization maintaining all-fiber laser at a 920 nm wavelength. We implement a linear laser scheme with a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) serving as a semitransparent mirror and semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) as a mode-locker and as a second non-transparent mirror. Complete 1064 nm emission filtering is ensured by 920/1064 wavelength division multiplexer. The dispersion compensation by CFBG was sufficient to reach anomalous net dispersion in the shortest laser scheme allowing us to investigate mode-locking regimes in the -0.05 ps 2 - 0.24 ps 2 net dispersion range by varying the length of the passive fiber. With this approach we demonstrate high order harmonic mode-locking at dispersion closer to zero and large energy span near-parabolic shape single pulse operation in anomalous dispersion regime. The investigation is supported by numerical simulations used to optimize the laser resonator design and to investigate intracavity pulse evolution.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Journal of Lightwave Technology (2022)
Doppler images of the eclipsing binary ER Vulpeculae
Creators: name: Xiang, Yue
name: Gu, Shenghong
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Barnes, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Doppler images of both components of the eclipsing binary system ER Vul, based on the spectra obtained in 2004 November, 2006 September and 2008 November. The least-squares deconvolution technique is used for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratios of the observed profiles. The new surface images reveal that both stars of ER Vul show strong starspot activities and the starspots appear at various latitudes. The surface maps of 2006 and 2008 both show the presence of large high-latitude starspots on each component of ER Vul. We find no obvious phase shift of the active regions during our observations. The longitude distributions of starspots are non-uniform on both stars. At low-to-mid latitudes, the active regions are almost exclusively found in the hemisphere facing the other star. However, we find no pronounced concentration of spots at the sub-stellar points.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nd-Doped Polarization Maintaining All-Fiber Laser With Dissipative Soliton Resonance Mode-Locking at 905 nm
Creators: name: Mkrtchyan, Aram A.
name: Gladush, Yuriy G.
name: Melkumov, Mikhail A.
name: Khegai, Aleksandr M.
name: Sitnik, Kirill A.
name: Lagoudakis, Pavlos G.
name: Nasibulin, Albert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moving the fiber laser emission to the region below one micron may provide a cheaper, more compact and robust alternatives to the existing solid state lasers. Here, for the first time we report a neodymium mode-locked fiber laser emitting at 905 nm in the all-fiber polarization maintaining configuration. We obtain a self-starting pulse generation in nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) cavity configuration. To suppress a dominant emission at 1064 nm corresponding to a 4-level laser scheme, we use an active fiber - 920/1064 division multiplexer - active fiber sandwich-like sequence in the NALM loop. A rectangular shape dissipative soliton had nJ energy, 30 pm spectral width and 80 - 430 ps width linearly depending on the pump power. Excellent agreement with numerical simulation allowed us to recover pulse shape and width for the pulses out of autocorrelation window.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Type Ia Supernova Distance Modulus Bias and Dispersion From K-correction Errors: A Direct Measurement Using Lightcurve Fits to Observed Spectral Time Series
Creators: name: Saunders, C.
name: Aldering, G.
name: Antilogus, P.
name: Aragon, C.
name: Bailey, S.
name: Baltay, C.
name: Bongard, S.
name: Buton, C.
name: Canto, A.
name: Cellier-Holzem, F.
name: Childress, M.
name: Chotard, N.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Fakhouri, H. K.
name: Feindt, U.
name: Gangler, E.
name: Guy, J.
name: Kerschhaggl, M.
name: Kim, A. G.
name: Kowalski, M.
name: Nordin, J.
name: Nugent, P.
name: Paech, K.
name: Pain, R.
name: Pecontal, E.
name: Pereira, R.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Rabinowitz, D.
name: Rigault, M.
name: Rubin, D.
name: Runge, K.
name: Scalzo, R.
name: Smadja, G.
name: Tao, C.
name: Thomas, R. C.
name: Weaver, B. A.
name: Wu, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate systematic errors due to K-corrections in standard photometric analyses of high redshift Type Ia supernovae. Errors due to K-correction occur when the spectral template model underlying the lightcurve fitter poorly represents the actual supernova spectral energy distribution, meaning that the distance modulus cannot be recovered accurately. In order to quantify this effect, synthetic photometry is performed on artificially redshifted spectrophotometric data from 119 low-redshift supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory, and the resulting lightcurves are fit with a conventional lightcurve fitter. We measure the variation in the standardized magnitude that would be fit for a given supernova if located at a range of redshifts and observed with various filter sets corresponding to current and future supernova surveys. We find significant variation in the measurements of the same supernovae placed at different redshifts regardless of filters used, which causes dispersion greater than $\sim0.05$ mag for measurements of photometry using the Sloan-like filters and a bias that corresponds to a $0.03$ shift in $w$ when applied to an outside data set. To test the result of a shift in supernova population or environment at higher redshifts, we repeat our calculations with the addition of a reweighting of the supernovae as a function of redshift and find that this strongly affects the results and would have repercussions for cosmology. We discuss possible methods to reduce the contribution of the K-correction bias and uncertainty.
Microbial community structure and methane-cycling activity of subsurface sediments at Mississippi Canyon 118 before the Deepwater Horizon disaster
Creators: name: Teske, A.
name: Underwood, S.
name: Lloyd, K.G.
name: Lapham, L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2016

description: The Deepwater Horizon disaster caused a shift in microbial communities in Gulf of Mexico seawater, but less is known about the baseline for microbial communities in the underlying sediments. We compared 16S rRNA and functional gene sequences deriving from DNA and RNA with geochemical profiles (sulfate and methane concentrations, δ13C of methane and carbon dioxide, and chloride concentrations) of a sediment gravity core from the upper continental slope of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (MC118) in 2008, 15 km from the spill site. The highest number of archaeal sequences were ANME-1 and ANME-2 archaea in the sulfate-reducing upper core segments (12 and 42 cmbsf), ANME-1 and Methanomicrobiales in the middle methanogenic depths (200 and 235 cmbsf), and ANME-1 at the deepest depths (309, 400, and 424 cmbsf). The presence of mcrA gene transcripts showed that members of the ANME-1 group are active throughout the core and transcribe the mcrA gene, a key gene of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation. The bacterial community consists mostly of members of the Deltaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cytophaga, Epsilonproteobacteria, and the Japan Sea Group 1 throughout the core. The commonly detected genera of gammaproteobacterial hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the water column are not found in this sediment survey, indicating that the benthic sediment is an unlikely reservoir for these aerobes. However, the sediments contain members of the sulfate-reducing families Desulfobulbaceae and Desulfobacteraceae, some members of which degrade and completely oxidize aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes, and the Desulfobacterium anilini lineage of obligately aromatics-degrading sulfate reducers. Thus, the benthic sediments are the most likely reservoir for the active deltaproteobacterial populations that were observed repeatedly after the Deepwater Horizon spill in the fall of 2010.
Additional file 1 of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) on painted heritage objects: a review using topic modeling
Creators: name: Harth, Astrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Top ten articles per topic based on topic probability score (Stata output). Figure S2. Time trends of the ten topics based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S3. Time trend of topic 1 (the development and optimization of XRF for elemental analysis) based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S4. Time trend of topic 2 (archaeological pottery) based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S5. Time trend of topic 3 (modern manufactured painting materials) based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S6. Time trend of topic 4 (multi-analytical approaches for stratigraphic analysis of painted heritage objects) based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S7. Time trend of topic 5 (multi-analytical approaches for studying conservation state of immovable heritage) based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S8. Time trend of topic 6 (pigments) based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S9. Time trend of topic 7 (glass-based objects, illuminated manuscripts and stoneware decorative objects) based on average topic share (2010-2023). Figure S10. Time trend of topic 8 (painting materials and techniques) based on average topic share (2010-2023).
Exploring Automatic Gym Workouts Recognition Locally On Wearable Resource-Constrained Devices
Creators: name: Bian, Sizhen
name: Wang, Xiaying
name: Polonelli, Tommaso
name: Magno, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Automatic gym activity recognition on energy- and resource-constrained wearable devices removes the human-interaction requirement during intense gym sessions - like soft-touch tapping and swiping. This work presents a tiny and highly accurate residual convolutional neural network that runs in milliwatt microcontrollers for automatic workouts classification. We evaluated the inference performance of the deep model with quantization on three resource-constrained devices: two microcontrollers with ARM-Cortex M4 and M7 core from ST Microelectronics, and a GAP8 system on chip, which is an open-sourced, multi-core RISC-V computing platform from GreenWaves Technologies. Experimental results show an accuracy of up to 90.4% for eleven workouts recognition with full precision inference. The paper also presents the trade-off performance of the resource-constrained system. While keeping the recognition accuracy (88.1%) with minimal loss, each inference takes only 3.2 ms on GAP8, benefiting from the 8 RISC-V cluster cores. We measured that it features an execution time that is 18.9x and 6.5x faster than the Cortex-M4 and Cortex-M7 cores, showing the feasibility of real-time on-board workouts recognition based on the described data set with 20 Hz sampling rate. The energy consumed for each inference on GAP8 is 0.41 mJ compared to 5.17 mJ on Cortex-M4 and 8.07 mJ on Cortex-M7 with the maximum clock. It can lead to longer battery life when the system is battery-operated. We also introduced an open data set composed of fifty sessions of eleven gym workouts collected from ten subjects that is publicly available.
A Motivic Grothendieck-Teichmüller Group
Creators: name: Soudères, Ismael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper proves the Beilinson-Soul{é} vanishing conjecture for motives attached to the moduli spaces of curves of genus 0 with n marked points. As part of the proof, it is also proved that these motives are mixed Tate. As a consequence of Levine's work, one obtains then well defined categories of mixed Tate motives over the moduli spaces of curves . It is shown that morphisms between moduli spaces forgetting marked points and embedding as boundary components induce functors between those categories and how tangential bases points fit in these functorialities. Tannakian formalism attaches groups to these categories and morphisms reflecting the functorialities leading to the definition of a motivic Grothendieck-Teichm{ü}ller group. Proofs of the above properties rely on the geometry of the tower of the moduli spaces . This allows us to treat the general case of motives over Spec(Z) with integral coefficients working in Spitzweck's category of motives. From there, passing to Q-coefficients we deal with the classical tannakian formalism and explain how working over Spec(Q) allows a more concrete description of the tannakian group.
A High-resolution Clock Phase Shifter Circuitry for ALTIROC
Creators: name: Huang, X.
name: de La Taille, C.
name: Gong, D.
name: Liu, C.
name: Liu, T.
name: Morenas, M.
name: Seguin-Moreau, N.
name: Ye, J.
name: Zhang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-resolution clock phase shifter is implemented to adjust the phase of multiple clocks at 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 640 MHz in the ALTIROC chip. The phase shifter has a coarse-phase shifter and a fine-phase shifter to achieve a step size of 97.7 ps and an adjustable range of 25 ns. The fine delay unit is based on a Delay Locked Loop (DLL) operating at 640 MHz. The phase shifter is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process. The area of the phase shifter is 725 um x 248 um. The Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) and the Integral Non-Linearity (INL) are +/-0.6 LSB and +/-0.75 LSB, respectively. The jitter from -25 C to 20 C is less than 15.5 ps (RMS), including the contributions from the FPGA clock source and the PLL. The power consumption is 11.2 mW.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Impact of protists on a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial community from deep-sea Gulf of Mexico sediments: A microcosm study
Creators: name: Beaudoin, D.J.
name: Nelson, R.K.
name: Teske, A.P.
name: Edgcomb, V.P.
name: Reddy, C.M.
name: Carmichael, C.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2016

description: In spite of significant advancements towards understanding the dynamics of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microbial consortia, the impacts (direct or indirect via grazing activities) of bacterivorous protists remain largely unknown. Microcosm experiments were used to examine whether protistan grazing affects the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation capacity of a deep-sea sediment microbial community from an active Gulf of Mexico cold seep. Differences in n-alkane content between native sediment microcosms and those treated with inhibitors of eukaryotes were assessed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography following 30-90 day incubations and analysis of shifts in microbial community composition using small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries. More biodegradation was observed in microcosms supplemented with eukaryotic inhibitors. SSU rRNA gene clone libraries from oil-amended treatments revealed an increase in the number of proteobacterial clones (particularly γ-proteobacteria) after spiking sediments with diesel oil. Bacterial community composition shifted, and degradation rates increased, in treatments where protists were inhibited, suggesting protists affect the hydrocarbon degrading capacity of microbial communities in sediments collected at this Gulf of Mexico site.
Additional file 1 of Behavioral sciences applied to acute care teams: a research agenda for the years ahead by a European research network
Creators: name: Keller, Sandra
name: Jelsma, Judith G. M.
name: Tschan, Franziska
name: Sevdalis, Nick
name: Löllgen, Ruth M.
name: Creutzfeldt, Johan
name: Kennedy-Metz, Lauren R.
name: Eppich, Walter
name: Semmer, Norbert K.
name: Van Herzeele, Isabelle
name: Härenstam, Karin Pukk
name: de Bruijne, Martine C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. detail of the t-tests to compare the weight given by the experts to the prioritization criteria.
Special Points of Inflation in Flux Compactifications
Creators: name: García-Etxebarria, Iñaki
name: Grimm, Thomas W.
name: Valenzuela, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the realisation of axion inflation models in the complex structure moduli spaces of Calabi-Yau threefolds and fourfolds. The axions arise close to special points of these moduli spaces that admit discrete monodromy symmetries of infinite order. Examples include the large complex structure point and conifold point, but can be of more general nature. In Type IIB and F-theory compactifications the geometric axions receive a scalar potential from a flux-induced superpotential. We find toy variants of various inflationary potentials including the ones for natural inflation of one or multiple axions, or axion monodromy inflation with polynomial potential. Interesting examples are also given by mirror geometries of torus fibrations with Mordell-Weil group of rank $N-1$ or an $N$-section, which admit an axion if $N>3$.
description: 41 pages, 3 figures
Development of a group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted probe set for the identification of Marinobacter by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Creators: name: McKay, L.J.
name: Gutierrez, T.
name: Teske, A.P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2016

description: Members of the Marinobacter genus play an important role in hydrocarbon degradation in the ocean - a topic of special significance in light of the recent Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. The Marinobacter group has thus far lacked a genus level phylogenetic probe that would allow in situ identification of representative members. Here, we developed two new 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes (Mrb-0625-a and Mrb-0625-b) to enumerate Marinobacter species by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In silico analysis of this probe set demonstrated 80% coverage of the Marinobacter genus. A competitor probe was developed to block hybridization by Mrb-0625-a to six Halomonas species with which it shared a one base pair mismatch. The probe set was optimized using pure cultures, and then used in an enrichment experiment with a deep sea oil plume water sample collected from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Marinobacter cells rapidly increased as a significant fraction of total microbial abundance in all incubations of original contaminated seawater as well as those amended with n-hexadecane, suggesting this group may be among the first microbial responders to oil pollution in the marine environment. The new probe set will provide a reliable tool for quantifying Marinobacter in the marine environment, particularly at contaminated sites where these organisms can play an important role in the biodegradation of oil pollutants.
Sustainable Energy Transition in the Philippines: Balancing Renewables, Land Use, and Biodiversity
Creators: name: Voskanyan Marine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CLEWs
Renewable Energy
Climate change

description: The CLEWS analysis in the Philippines identifies the current energy mix, fossil fuel dependency, renewable energy potential, land use implications, environmental impact, and provides policy recommendations for achieving sustainable energy goals.
Additional file 2 of Behavioral sciences applied to acute care teams: a research agenda for the years ahead by a European research network
Creators: name: Keller, Sandra
name: Jelsma, Judith G. M.
name: Tschan, Franziska
name: Sevdalis, Nick
name: Löllgen, Ruth M.
name: Creutzfeldt, Johan
name: Kennedy-Metz, Lauren R.
name: Eppich, Walter
name: Semmer, Norbert K.
name: Van Herzeele, Isabelle
name: Härenstam, Karin Pukk
name: de Bruijne, Martine C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. detail of the t-tests to compare the mean ratings of the different categories of research questions.
Multiple evidence for methylotrophic methanogenesis as the dominant methanogenic pathway in hypersaline sediments from the Orca Basin, Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Teske, A.
name: Samarkin, V.
name: Elling, F.J.
name: Zhuang, G.-C.
name: Hinrichs, K.-U.
name: Joye, S.B.
name: Nigro, L.M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2016

description: Among the most extreme habitats on Earth, dark, deep, anoxic brines host unique microbial ecosystems that remain largely unexplored. As the terminal step of anaerobic degradation of organic matter, methanogenesis is a potentially significant but poorly constrained process in deep-sea hypersaline environments. We combined biogeochemical and phylogenetic analyses with incubation experiments to unravel the origin of methane in the hypersaline sediments of Orca Basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Substantial concentrations of methane, up to 3.4 mM, coexisted with high concentrations of sulfate from 16 to 43 mM in two sediment cores retrieved from the northern and southern parts of Orca Basin. The strong depletion of 13C in methane (-77‰ to -89‰) points towards a biological source. While low concentrations of competitive substrates limited the significance of hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis, the presence of non-competitive methylated substrates (methanol, trimethylamine, dimethyl sulfide, dimethylsulfoniopropionate) supported the potential for methane generation through methylotrophic methanogenesis. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrated that hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis were unlikely to occur under in situ conditions, while methylotrophic methanogenesis from a variety of substrates was highly favorable. Likewise, carbon isotope relationships between methylated substrates and methane suggested methylotrophic methanogenesis was the major source of methane. Stable and radio-isotope tracer experiments with 13C-labeled bicarbonate, acetate and methanol and 14C-labeled methylamine indicated that methylotrophic methanogenesis was the predominant methanogenic pathway. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, halophilic methylotrophic methanogens related to the genus Methanohalophilus dominated the benthic archaeal community in the northern basin and also occurred in the southern basin. High abundances of methanogen lipid biomarkers such as intact polar and polyunsaturated hydroxyarchaeols were detected in sediments from the northern basin, with lower abundances in the southern basin. Strong 13C-depletion of saturated and monounsaturated hydroxyarchaeol were consistent with methylotrophic methanogenesis as the major methanogenic pathway. Collectively, the availability of methylated substrates, thermodynamic calculations, experimentally determined methanogenic activity as well as lipid and gene biomarkers support the hypothesis that methylotrophic methanogenesis is the predominant pathway of methane formation in the presence of sulfate in Orca Basin sediments.
MLOps: A Primer for Policymakers on a New Frontier in Machine Learning
Creators: name: Henry, Jazmia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This chapter is written with the Data Scientist or MLOps professional in mind but can be used as a resource for policy makers, reformists, AI Ethicists, sociologists, and others interested in finding methods that help reduce bias in algorithms. I will take a deployment centered approach with the assumption that the professionals reading this work have already read the amazing work on the implications of algorithms on historically marginalized groups by Gebru, Buolamwini, Benjamin and Shane to name a few. If you have not read those works, I refer you to the "Important Reading for Ethical Model Building" list at the end of this paper as it will help give you a framework on how to think about Machine Learning models more holistically taking into account their effect on marginalized people. In the Introduction to this chapter, I root the significance of their work in real world examples of what happens when models are deployed without transparent data collected for the training process and are deployed without the practitioners paying special attention to what happens to models that adapt to exploit gaps between their training environment and the real world. The rest of this chapter builds on the work of the aforementioned researchers and discusses the reality of models performing post production and details ways ML practitioners can identify bias using tools during the MLOps lifecycle to mitigate bias that may be introduced to models in the real world.
description: Written for Centre for International Governance Innovation
Clean Cooking Solutions in Kenya with OnStove
Creators: name: Lowoi, Clarrison Esuguru
name: Cherotich, Cynthia Maua
name: Khavari, Babak
name: Ramirez, Camilo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: E-cooking
LPG
OnStove
Kenya

description: Kenya is facing a formidable cleaning cooking challenge. The burden of cooking in the current situation includes health, climate and environmental impacts, gender disparities, time constraints, and economic burdens. It was found that 23,000 deaths are attributed to household air pollution, and 8-11 million tons of woody biomass are lost due to deforestation.To address these challenges, the adoption of E-cooking and LPG as alternatives to charcoal and wood fuel was explored. Kenya, with its current 87% electricity access, aims to achieve Universal Clean Cooking Access by 2028.Using the OnStove Modelling Tool, two scenarios were investigated: the M-gas private scenario and the E-Cooking social scenario. The M-gas scenario involved providing gas cylinders, smart meters, and cookers at no cost, with small payments made using mobile banking. The E-Cooking scenario analyzed the preference for electricity, considering surplus power, electricity tariffs, and taxation. The results showed that the M-gas scenario, with a higher discount rate of 15%, offers a pay-as-you-go business model to reduce the initial cost and improve access to clean cooking using LPG. The E-Cooking scenario, with a lower discount rate of 3%, highlighted the need to refine policies regarding electricity tariffs and taxation to make electricity more affordable. The conclusions and policy insights included implementing the Pay As You Go business model for M-gas, extending the Pika na Power program to rural areas, integrating clean cooking with electrification programs, and advocating for government intervention in refining electricity tariff policies.
Quantum Logic and Quantum Reconstruction
Creators: name: Stairs, Allen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum logic understood as a reconstruction program had real successes and genuine limitations. This paper offers a synopsis of both and suggests a way of seeing quantum logic in a larger, still thriving context.
Much Ado About Gender: Current Practices and Future Recommendations for Appropriate Gender-Aware Information Access
Creators: name: Pinney, Christine
name: Raj, Amifa
name: Hanna, Alex
name: Ekstrand, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Information access research (and development) sometimes makes use of gender, whether to report on the demographics of participants in a user study, as inputs to personalized results or recommendations, or to make systems gender-fair, amongst other purposes. This work makes a variety of assumptions about gender, however, that are not necessarily aligned with current understandings of what gender is, how it should be encoded, and how a gender variable should be ethically used. In this work, we present a systematic review of papers on information retrieval and recommender systems that mention gender in order to document how gender is currently being used in this field. We find that most papers mentioning gender do not use an explicit gender variable, but most of those that do either focus on contextualizing results of model performance, personalizing a system based on assumptions of user gender, or auditing a model's behavior for fairness or other privacy-related issues. Moreover, most of the papers we review rely on a binary notion of gender, even if they acknowledge that gender cannot be split into two categories. We connect these findings with scholarship on gender theory and recent work on gender in human-computer interaction and natural language processing. We conclude by making recommendations for ethical and well-grounded use of gender in building and researching information access systems.
description: Published in CHIIR 2023
Additional file 1 of Upper limb intention tremor assessment: opportunities and challenges in wearable technology
Creators: name: Paredes-Acuna, Natalia
name: Utpadel-Fischler, Daniel
name: Ding, Keqin
name: Thakor, Nitish V.
name: Cheng, Gordon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Studies using tremor assessment technologies classified according to its type. This additional file is a table including all studies considered in this review. The table categorizes the studies into assessment type, number and type of patients, technology used, method, purpose, and year.