cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MODELING WORLD PEANUT PRODUCT MARKETS: A TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Matthey, Holger
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Matthey, Holger
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: agricultural trade policy analysis
subject: crush
subject: Doha
subject: groundnut
subject: model
subject: oil
subject: peanuts

description: This paper presents a new partial-equilibrium, multi-market international model developed to analyze policies affecting peanut products markets. The model covers four goods (food-quality peanuts, crush-quality peanuts, peanut oil, and groundnut cake) in 13 countries/regions (Argentina, Canada, China, the EU-15, the Gambia, India, Malawi, Mexico, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, the United States, and Rest of World). Welfare is evaluated by looking at consumers' equivalent variation, quasi-profits in farming (peanut farming, livestock), quasi-profits in crushing, and taxpayers' revenues and outlays implied by distortions. We calibrate the model for three recent years (1999/2000, 2000/01, and 2001/02) on historical data. We illustrate the model's applicability with a peanut trade liberalization scenario. The impact of the reform scenario is measured in deviation from the historical baseline and by averaging the three estimates of annual impacts.
Split Fermions Baryogenesis from the Kobayashi-Maskawa Phase
Creators: name: Perez, Gilad
name: Volansky, Tomer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new scenario of baryogenesis is presented, within the split fermions framework. Our model employs a first order phase transition of the localizer field. The standard model (SM), Kobayashi-Maskawa phase induces a sizable CP asymmetry. The usual suppression of CP violation which arises in the SM baryogenesis is absent due to the existence of order one Yukawa couplings before the fermions are localized in the extra dimension. Models of the above type naturally contain B-L violating operators, allowed by the SM symmetries, which induce the baryon asymmetry. Our mechanism demonstrates the following concept: the flavor puzzle and the SM failure to create the baryon asymmetry are linked and may have a common resolution which does not rely on introduction of new CP violating sources.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure
Distance in the Affine Buildings of SL_n and Sp_n
Creators: name: Setyadi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E42, 51E24

description: For a local field $K$ and $n \geq 2$, let $Ξ_n$ and $Δ_n$ denote the affine buildings naturally associated to the special linear and symplectic groups $\SL_n(K)$ and $\Sp_n(K)$, respectively. We relate the number of vertices in $Ξ_n$ ($n \geq 3$) close (i.e., gallery distance 1) to a given vertex in $Ξ_n$ to the number of chambers in $Ξ_n$ containing the given vertex, proving a conjecture of Schwartz and Shemanske. We then consider the special vertices in $Δ_n$ ($n \geq 2$) close to a given special vertex in $Δ_n$ (all the vertices in $Ξ_n$ are special) and establish analogues of our results for $Δ_n$.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; minor corrections; accepted for publication in INTEGERS: The Electronic Journal of Combinatorial Number Theory
Consumer Demand for Major Foods in Egypt
Creators: name: Fayyad, Basem S.
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
name: El-Khishin, Mohamed
name: Fayyad, Basem S.
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
name: El-Khishin, Mohamed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This study provides information on the structure of the consumer demand for major foods in Egypt. The information is in the form of key parameters for consumer demand systems. The modern theory of consumer behavior is the basis for estimating systems of demand equations. These systems yield estimates of own and cross price elasticities. The Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAIDS) model is applied in estimating a system of demand equations for food commodities. A full demand matrix results with a coherent and consistent set of price and expenditure elasticity estimates. Using the estimated own and cross price and expenditure elasticities, food and agricultural policies during the transformation to the market economy can be analyzed. A framework for utilizing the estimated demand parameters in forecasting is also presented.
Data-Efficient Classification of Radio Galaxies
Creators: name: Samudre, Ashwin
name: George, Lijo
name: Bansal, Mahak
name: Wadadekar, Yogesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The continuum emission from radio galaxies can be generally classified into different morphological classes such as FRI, FRII, Bent, or Compact. In this paper, we explore the task of radio galaxy classification based on morphology using deep learning methods with a focus on using a small scale dataset ($\sim 2000$ samples). We apply few-shot learning techniques based on Twin Networks and transfer learning techniques using a pre-trained DenseNet model with advanced techniques like cyclical learning rate and discriminative learning to train the model rapidly. We achieve a classification accuracy of over 92\% using our best performing model with the biggest source of confusion being between Bent and FRII type galaxies. Our results show that focusing on a small but curated dataset along with the use of best practices to train the neural network can lead to good results. Automated classification techniques will be crucial for upcoming surveys with next generation radio telescopes which are expected to detect hundreds of thousands of new radio galaxies in the near future.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Quantification of Sanitary, Phytosanitary, and Technical Barriers to Trade for Trade Policy Analysis
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agriculture
subject: non-tariff barriers
subject: NTB
subject: policy
subject: sanitary and phytosanitary
subject: SPS
subject: TBT
subject: technical barriers to trade
subject: trade

description: This paper presents promising methodologies for modeling and quantifying nontariff barriers (NTB) to trade in the agricultural and food sectors. We limit the analysis to sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical regulations that can have an impact on trade and to methods that provide some quantitative estimates of the impact of such barriers on market equilibrium, trade flows, economic efficiency, and welfare. Given the heterogeneous nature of these regulations, a unifying methodology does not exist. Quantification of the effects of such measures has focused on a particular product and has relied on methods that belong to different fields of the economic literature. We provide a concise description and evaluation of the various methods available for a more comprehensive assessment of the impact of NTBs on trade and welfare. We conclude by identifying promising areas for future applied research.
Hydrodynamic Reductions of Dispersionless Harry Dym Hierarchy
Creators: name: Chang, Jen-Hsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the reductions of dispersionless Harry Dym hierarchy to systems of finitely many partial differential equations. These equations must satisfy the compatibility condition and they are diagonalizable and semi-Hamiltonian. By imposing a further constraint, the compatibility is reduced to a system of algebraic equations, whose solutions are described.
description: 15 pages
ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION UNDER DYNAMIC CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Creators: name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Kling, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The paper presents two simple models of dynamic consumer behavior, both taking into consideration the implications for welfare measurement when agents can delay transactions while obtaining additional information. One model studies the effect when a purchased good is non-perishable and can be consumed in the future, while the other model introduces a perishable good, implying that the quantity of consumption can vary in each period. Even in the case of the perishable item, the availability of information at the time of the consumption decision has important implications for welfare measurement. Agents who must make a decision at the present but know that additional information will be available later may change their income allocation to take advantage of the future information. When this leads to the capture of different information sets at these different times, welfare assessment may be (but is not necessarily) inconsistent with the empirical evidence and may be inappropriate for use in policy valuation.
Pachydrobia crooki Brandt 1968
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Hydrobiidae
Pachydrobia
Pachydrobia crooki

description: crooki, Pachydrobia Brandt, 1968
 Pachydrobia crooki Brandt, 1968: 228–229 (pl. 8, fig. 12 + text fig. 10).
Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae
 Probable paratype: MZSP 95469 (Fig. 2 G–H).
 Locality: Thailand, Ubon Province, Mekong River at Bandan (type locality), 7 Mar. 1967.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Jens Hemmen Collection. Measurements and data on the specimen’s label correspond to the lot originally catalogued as SMRL 3431. The specimen listed above is a possible remainder of a 30-specimen paratype lot left by the author under the care of the SMRL.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Vortices and Superfluidity in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Zwierlein, M. W.
name: Abo-Shaeer, J. R.
name: Schirotzek, A.
name: Schunck, C. H.
name: Ketterle, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-degenerate Fermi gases provide a remarkable opportunity to study strongly interacting fermions. In contrast to other Fermi systems, such as superconductors, neutron stars or the quark-gluon plasma, these gases have low densities and their interactions can be precisely controlled over an enormous range. Here we report observations of vortices in such a gas that provide definitive evidence for superfluidity. By varying the pairing strength between two fermions near a Feshbach resonance, one can explore the crossover from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid of loosely bound pairs whose size is comparable to, or even larger than, the interparticle spacing. The crossover realizes a novel form of high-T_C superfluidity and it may provide new insight for high-T_C superconductors. Previous experiments with Fermi gases have revealed condensation of fermion pairs. While these and other studies were consistent with predictions assuming superfluidity, the smoking gun for superfluid behavior has been elusive. Our observation of vortex lattices directly displays superfluid flow in a strongly interacting, rotating Fermi gas.
description: 14 pages, including 7 figures, submitted to Nature
CHALLENGES IN MODELING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Creators: name: Westhoff, Patrick C.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Westhoff, Patrick C.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Meyers, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural policy
subject: economic modeling
subject: trade agreements

description: Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed. We focus on the modeling approach and pay special attention to the type and scope of the models, the calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, the representation of the reform agreement, the use of extra-model information, the choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in policy modeling. Existing solutions and unresolved issues are examined. We stress the complementarity of various modeling approaches in assessing policy reforms and the importance of helping users understand the limitations of the chosen approach.
Introducing Asymmetric Separability in the FAST Multistage Demand System
Creators: name: Bergtold, Jason S.
name: Peterson, Everett B.
name: Bergtold, Jason S.
name: Peterson, Everett B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper determines the set of parametric restrictions required to maintain flexibility under asymmetric weak separability for the flexible and separable translog (FAST) multistage demand system. Because there is not a unique set of parametric restrictions that ensures separability and the values of the unconditional price and expenditure elasticities depend on the parametric restrictions imposed, the appropriateness of a chosen set of parametric restrictions should be tested empirically. An empirical example that illustrates how the choice of parametric restrictions affects the estimation results and the functional form of the price and expenditure elasticities is provided.
INFORMATIKA FANINI O'QITISHDA AXBOROT XAVFSIZLIGI TUSHUNCHALARI
Creators: name: Kodirova, Dilfuzaxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada informatika fanining “Axborot xavfsizligi” bo‘limini o‘qitishda bir necha tavsiyalar va tushunchalar berib o‘tilgan.
title: „Ich bin Künstlerin, keine Kulturträgerin“ – Interview mit Milena Marković
Creators: name: Bickhardt, Philine
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst Slavistik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Marković, Milena
subject: Serbisch
subject: Schriftstellerin
subject: Dramatikerin
subject: Interview
subject: 491.8

description: Milena Marković gilt als eine der wichtigsten zeitgenössischen Dramatikerinnen und Dichterinnen Serbiens. Zuletzt machte sie mit „Kindern“ (2021 erschienen im Verlag „Lom“), einem Roman in Versen auf sich aufmerksam. Das Buch wurde 2021 mit dem landesweit wichtigsten Literaturpreis „NIN“ für das beste Buch des Jahres ausgezeichnet. novinki sprach mit der Autorin in Belgrad.
description: novinkizurückgefragt
Many-Body Density Matrices On a Two-Dimensional Square Lattice: Noninteracting and Strongly Interacting Spinless Fermions
Creators: name: Cheong, Siew-Ann
name: Henley, Christopher L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reduced density matrix of an interacting system can be used as the basis for a truncation scheme, or in an unbiased method to discover the strongest kind of correlation in the ground state. In this paper, we investigate the structure of the many-body fermion density matrix of a small cluster in a square lattice. The cluster density matrix is evaluated numerically over a set of finite systems, subject to non-square periodic boundary conditions given by the lattice vectors $\bR_1 \equiv (R_{1x}, R_{1y})$ and $\bR_2 \equiv (R_{2x}, R_{2y})$. We then approximate the infinite-system cluster density-matrix spectrum, by averaging the finite-system cluster density matrix (i) over degeneracies in the ground state, and orientations of the system relative to the cluster, to ensure it has the proper point-group symmetry; and (ii) over various twist boundary conditions to reduce finite size effects. We then compare the eigenvalue structure of the averaged cluster density matrix for noninteracting and strongly-interacting spinless fermions, as a function of the filling fraction $\nbar$, and discuss whether it can be approximated as being built up from a truncated set of single-particle operators.
description: 14 pages in RevTeX4 format, 8 figures
Legolas: a modern tool for magnetohydrodynamic spectroscopy
Creators: name: Claes, Niels
name: De Jonghe, Jordi
name: Keppens, Rony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) spectroscopy is central to many astrophysical disciplines, ranging from helio- to asteroseismology, over solar coronal (loop) seismology, to the study of waves and instabilities in jets, accretion disks, or solar/stellar atmospheres. MHD spectroscopy quantifies all linear (standing or travelling) wave modes, including overstable (i.e. growing) or damped modes, for a given configuration that achieves force and thermodynamic balance. Here, we present Legolas, a novel, open-source numerical code to calculate the full MHD spectrum of one-dimensional equilibria with flow, that balance pressure gradients, Lorentz forces, centrifugal effects and gravity, enriched with non-adiabatic aspects like radiative losses, thermal conduction and resistivity. The governing equations use Fourier representations in the ignorable coordinates, and the set of linearised equations are discretised using Finite Elements in the important height or radial variation, handling Cartesian and cylindrical geometries using the same implementation. A weak Galerkin formulation results in a generalised (non-Hermitian) matrix eigenvalue problem, and linear algebraic algorithms calculate all eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors. We showcase a plethora of well-established results, ranging from p- and g-modes in magnetised, stratified atmospheres, over modes relevant for coronal loop seismology, thermal instabilities and discrete overstable Alfvén modes related to solar prominences, to stability studies for astrophysical jet flows. We encounter (quasi-)Parker, (quasi-)interchange, current-driven and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, as well as non-ideal quasi-modes, resistive tearing modes, up to magneto-thermal instabilities. The use of high resolution sheds new light on previously calculated spectra, revealing interesting spectral regions that have yet to be investigated.
description: Matches the publication in ApJS, including Erratum
Pachydrobia crooki Brandt 1968
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Hydrobiidae
Pachydrobia
Pachydrobia crooki

description: crooki, Wykoffia Brandt, 1968
 Wykoffia crooki Brandt, 1968: 245–247 (pl. 9, fig. 33 + text fig. 24).
Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae
 Probable paratype: MZSP 95909.
 Locality: East Thailand, Mekong River at Bandan (type locality).
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former Jens Hemmen Collection. Measurements and data on the specimen’s label correspond to the lot originally registered under the number SMRL 3463. The specimen listed above is a possible remainder of a 10-specimen paratype lot left by the author under the care of the SMRL. This species was recombined as Jullienia crooki by Davis (1979).
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Grocery Retailer Pricing Behavior for California Avocados with Implications for Industry Promotion Strategies
Creators: name: Li, Lan
name: Carman, Hoy F.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Li, Lan
name: Carman, Hoy F.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Using a unique micro dataset, this paper investigates retailer pricing issues for avocados, a key California specialty commodity, and analyzes the implications of retailer pricing behavior for the effectiveness of avocado industry advertising programs. We find that retail prices for avocados are highly dispersed both spatially and temporarily. We also illustrate the existence of a "regular" retail price for avocados. Downward deviations from the "regular" price dominated changes in retail prices, in particular, temporary price reductions accounted for 27 percent of retail price variations. The study examines the effects of fundamental cost and demand factors on determination of retail prices. We conclude that costs are not a primary factor in setting retail prices for avocados. Retailers' sales strategies, which reflect decreases in retail margins rather than decreases in costs, explained much of the observed temporary price reductions for avocados. Retail prices for avocados also exhibited countercyclical movements over seasonal demand cycles. The findings provide support for Lal and Matutes' (1994) hypothesis that retailers reduce prices or margins during a product's high-demand periods. We investigate how retailers respond to industry promotions and, in turn, how retailer response enhances or vitiates the effectiveness of industry promotions. The approach of "Difference-in-Difference" is employed to evaluate the effects of the California Avocado Commission's (CAC) promotion programs on retail pricing and sales. The analysis demonstrates that the radio campaign and outdoor advertisements were successful in raising avocado sales. There is no evidence that retailers charged higher prices during the CAC's promotions. Nonetheless, the CAC's promotion programs could be enhanced if retailers were better informed about the advertising campaigns. Other noteworthy results include the fact that retail margins increased significantly as shipment volumes increased, indicating the presence of retailer oligopsony power. Also notable was the rather strong evidence that retail prices were significantly lower as a function of the amount of avocados imported from Chile and Mexico, meaning that consumers have benefited from trade liberalization for avocados.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/20/05.
Violence and the anti-abortion movement
Creators: name: Rogers, Saretta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this work is to examine the abortion debate in North America and the impact of the violence emerging from the anti-abortion faction; how this violence has evolved; the impact the violence is having on abortion clinic staff in one clinic; and explanations of this violence offered by feminist theory. Little has been written about the impact the violence is having on abortion clinic staff. The purpose of this thesis is to examine this phenomena. This will be accomplished by presenting the results of interviews conducted with four abortion clinic staff from a stand alone clinic in a large urban center in North America. The results obtained provide valuable insights into the far reaching impact caused by this violence. On a political level, this information is useful for those lobbying for legal changes. On a personal level, this information may be helpful to social workers and others considering entering this field, as well as for those in areas of family counselling and psychiatric social work. This can lead to designing productive ways to counter potential damage, emotional and otherwise. In a global sense, this information could aid those looking for 'common ground' regarding this issue by illuminating the damage caused by the violence and the need to find some form of compromise between the pro-abortion and anti-abortion factions.
The nature of giant clumps in high-z discs: a deep-learning comparison of simulations and observations
Creators: name: Ginzburg, Omri
name: Huertas-Company, Marc
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Mandelker, Nir
name: Snyder, Gregory
name: Ceverino, Daniel
name: Primack, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use deep learning to explore the nature of observed giant clumps in high-redshift disc galaxies, based on their identification and classification in cosmological simulations. Simulated clumps are detected using the 3D gas and stellar densities in the VELA zoom-in cosmological simulation suite, with $\sim \!\! 25\ \!\rm{pc}$ maximum resolution, targeting main sequence galaxies at $1\!
description: 17 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
B-Meson Distribution Amplitudes of Geometric Twist vs. Dynamical Twist
Creators: name: Geyer, Bodo
name: Witzel, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two- and three-particle distribution amplitudes of heavy pseudoscalar mesons of well-defined geometric twist are introduced. They are obtained from appropriately parametrized vacuum-to-meson matrix elements by applying those twist projectors which determine the enclosed light-cone operators of definite geometric twist and, in addition, observing the heavy quark constraint. Comparing these distribution amplitudes with the conventional ones of dynamical twist we derive relations between them, partially being of Wandzura-Wilczek type; also sum rules of Burkhardt-Cottingham type are derived.The derivation is performed for the (double) Mellin moments and then re-summed to the non-local distribution amplitudes. Furthermore, a parametrization of vacuum-to-meson matrix elements for non-local operators off the light-cone in terms of distribution amplitudes accompanying independent kinematical structures is derived.
description: 18 pages, Latex 2e, no figures
Extraterritoriality of the Sherman Act and Deterrence of Private International Cartels
Creators: name: Connor, John M.
name: Connor, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper presents two major economic arguments relevant to a decision facing the U.S. Supreme Court in early 2004. In Empagran v. F. Hoffmann-LaRoche the Court must decide whether companies like Empagran, an Ecuadorian animal-feed manufacturer, ought to be permitted to sue for treble damages under the 1890 Sherman Act, even though Empagran bought vitamins from a convicted global cartel wholly outside U.S. territory. Because of ineffective antitrust enforcement in its home country, Empagran and similarly situated buyers favor having this right, whereas Roche and 19 other members of the vitamins cartel oppose it. The first argument in favor of extraterritorial expansion concerns the effects on U.S. consumers and the competitiveness of U.S. markets. I argue that in the context of international price-fixing conspiracies, conduct relating to "wholly foreign" purchases necessarily affects domestic commerce. This is because international cartels must prevent international geographic arbitrage in order to succeed in controlling prices in any targeted national market. Second, this paper assembles empirical evidence that, should non-U.S. transactions be excluded from U.S. antitrust protection, the global aspirations of contemporary cartels offer an insuperable challenge to a core aim of the antitrust laws: Deterrence. The broad geographic harm generated by the scores of modern global price-fixing conspiracies has overwhelmed the ability of current laws about corporate antitrust sanctions to provide enough financial disincentives to discourage the formation of similar cartels in the future. Permitting foreign buyers who purchased the products of international cartels abroad to pursue civil antitrust damages actions in U.S. courts is necessary to yield the level of legal punishment needed to protect the U.S. economy and its consumers from future cartel injuries. Territorial expansion will also increase the probability of discovery of clandestine cartels by multiplying the number of jurisdictions in which private parties have an incentive to investigate collusive behavior.
A Hedonic Perspective to Estimating a Marginal Value Function for a Subsistence Crop
Creators: name: Edmeades, Svetlana
name: Edmeades, Svetlana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: A hedonic price model is used to estimate the marginal value function for output characteristics of a subsistence crop in a developing economy. Within the framework of the agricultural household, with non-separable consumption and production decisions, prices reflect the implicit marginal valuation of both consumption and production attributes jointly. Variety-specific crop product farm-gate prices are used in the hedonic analysis. The findings provide guidance for future crop improvement efforts, while revealing those attributes most likely to capture premiums at the market place. Implicit premiums for attribute scarcity are also revealed. Improvements in infrastructure could partially reduce the implicit costs of transportation, leading to higher farm-gate prices and price premiums for size and quality.
Relativistic Proton Production During the 14 July 2000 Solar Event: The Case for Multiple Source Mechanisms
Creators: name: Bombardieri, D. J.
name: Duldig, M. L.
name: Michael, K. J.
name: Humble, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protons accelerated to relativistic energies by transient solar and interplanetary phenomena caused a ground-level cosmic ray enhancement on 14 July 2000, Bastille Day. Near-Earth spacecraft measured the proton flux directly and ground-based observatories measured the secondary responses to higher energy protons. We have modelled the arrival of these relativistic protons at Earth using a technique which deduces the spectrum, arrival direction and anisotropy of the high-energy protons that produce increased responses in neutron monitors. To investigate the acceleration processes involved we have employed theoretical shock and stochastic acceleration spectral forms in our fits to spacecraft and neutron monitor data. During the rising phase of the event (10:45 UT and 10:50 UT) we find that the spectrum between 140 MeV and 4 GeV is best fitted by a shock acceleration spectrum. In contrast, the spectrum at the peak (10:55 UT and 11:00 UT) and in the declining phase (11:40 UT) is best fitted with a stochastic acceleration spectrum. We propose that at least two acceleration processes were responsible for the production of relativistic protons during the Bastille Day solar event: (1) protons were accelerated to relativistic energies by a shock, presumably a coronal mass ejection (CME). (2) protons were also accelerated to relativistic energies by stochastic processes initiated by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence.
description: 38 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, January, 2006
Self-limited electrospray deposition for conformal coating
Creators: name: Kovacevich, Dylan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Electrospray deposition (ESD) is a spray coating process that utilizes a high voltage to atomize a flowing solution into charged microdroplets. These self-repulsive droplets evaporate as they travel to a target substrate, depositing the solution solids. Past ESD results consist of either the continuous spray of films onto conducting substrates or the spray of isolated droplets onto insulating substrates. A crossover regime, termed here as self-limited electrospray deposition (SLED), has only been limitedly observed in sprays of insulating materials onto conductive substrates. In this case, the rate of film thickness growth continuously declines as the accumulation of charge repels further spray. We examined both the process parameters and material selection to determine the conditions necessary for SLED. Once established, we applied this capability to conformally coat complex three-dimensional objects. Specifically, we noted an opportunity for the post-processing of materials fabricated through additive manufacturing (AM). We employed model substrates to quantitatively study the technique’s limits with regard to geometry and scale. We examined the effectiveness of thickness-limited ESD for coating recessed features with gaps ranging from 50 µm to 1 cm, as well as the ability to coat surfaces hidden from the line-of-sight of the spray needle. This was then extended to the coating of hydrogel lattices printed by AM, demonstrating that coating could be conducted even into the body of the structures as a means to create hydrophobic surfaces, without affecting the absorption-driven humidity response.
IMMIGRATION POLICY AND THE AGRICULTURAL LABOR MARKET: THE EFFECT ON JOB DURATION
Creators: name: Iwai, Nobuyuki
name: Napasintuwong, Orachos
name: Emerson, Robert D.
name: Iwai, Nobuyuki
name: Napasintuwong, Orachos
name: Emerson, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: We have proposed and estimated a Heckman-type two stage model with legal status of farm workers using an ordered probit model in the first stage and a duration model in the second stage. Using the National Agricultural Workers Survey, self-reported legal status categories are: unauthorized, authorized, permanent resident, or citizen. The duration model is estimated conditionally upon the worker's legal status to address selectivity bias. The duration estimation has significant coefficients on the selection bias correction term for all legal status equations except for that of citizen workers. The most important finding from our estimation is that unauthorized workers do not necessarily have shorter farm job durations than legal workers. First, the average predicted farm job duration for unauthorized workers is the second longest among the four legal status categories. Second, the simulation analysis indicates that the duration of the "typical" unauthorized worker will be longer when working under an authorized or permanent resident status.
The Effect of Demographic, Economic, and Nutrition Factors on the Frequency of Food Away from Home
Creators: name: Binkley, James K.
name: Binkley, James K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Food away from home, especially fast food, is often cited as contributing to rising obesity. This negative publicity can affect the demand for restaurant meals. In this study econometric models explaining visits to table service and fast food restaurants are estimated. The explanatory variables include not only standard demographic and economic measures but also measures of nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and concerns. Effects for the former are similar to those found in past studies. For nutrition factors, we find only limited impact for table service, but there is strong evidence that nutrition-orientated consumers tend to have lower fast food consumption.
Yoldiella curupira Benaim & Absalao 2011
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Nuculanoida
Yoldiidae
Yoldiella
Yoldiella curupira

description: curupira, Yoldiella Benaim & Absalão, 2011
 Yoldiella curupira Benaim & Absalão, 2011: 523–525 (fig. 8A–H).
Bivalvia, Yoldiidae
 Paratypes (2 valves): MZSP 93359.
 Locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Campos Basin, sta. 41, 22º39'34" S, 40º08'22" W, 1200 m depth. Collector: R/V Astro-Garoupa.
 Preservation: Dry.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Shot noise of spin current in ferromagnet-normal-metal systems
Creators: name: Zareyan, M.
name: Belzig, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a three-terminal spin-valve setup, to determine experimentally the spin-dependent shot noise, which carries information on the spin-relaxation processes. Based on a spin-dependent Boltzmann-Langevin approach, we show that the spin Fano factor, defined as the spin shot noise to the mean charge current, strongly depends on the spin-flip scattering rate in the normal wire. While in the parallel configuration the spin Fano factor always decreases below its unpolarized value with increasing spin injection, for the antiparallel case it varies nonmonotonically. We also show that in contrast to the charge current Fano factor, which varies appreciable only in the antiparallel case, the spin Fano factor allows for a more sensitive determination of the spin-flip scattering rate.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Review of the Hamiltonian analysis in teleparallel gravity
Creators: name: Blixt, Daniel
name: Guzmán, María-José
name: Hohmann, Manuel
name: Pfeifer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review different approaches to the Hamiltonian analysis of teleparallel theories of gravity. In particular the Hamiltonian analysis for $f(\mathbb{T})$ theories led to disputed results in the literature. The aim of this review is to relate the different notations and assumptions in the different approaches in a comprehensive way, so that they can be compared more easily. To do this we present the primary constraints of the $f({\mathbb{T}_{\textrm{NGR}}})$ gravity class of theories for the first time. The particular cases studied in the literature, $f(\mathbb{T})$ gravity and new general relativity, are contained in this parent theory. We compare their Hamiltonian analyses done by different authors in the literature among each other by relating them to our analysis of $f({\mathbb{T}_{\textrm{NGR}}})$ in detail.
description: 36 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure; matches the published version
Bethe Ansatz and Symmetry in Superintegrable Chiral Potts Model and Root-of-unity Six-vertex Model
Creators: name: Roan, Shi-shyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the Onsager algebra symmetry of $τ^{(j)}$-matrices in the superintegrable chiral Potts model. The comparison of Onsager algebra symmetry of the chiral Potts model with the $sl_2$-loop algebra symmetry of six-vertex model at roots of unity is made from the aspect of functional relations using the $Q$-operator and fusion matrices. The discussion of Bethe ansatz for both models is conducted in a uniform manner through the evaluation parameters of their symmetry algebras.
description: Latex 10 Pgaes ; Typos corrected
Eulimella cylindrata Pimenta, Santos & Absalao 2011
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Pyramidellidae
Eulimella
Eulimella cylindrata

description: cylindrata, Eulimella Pimenta, Santos & Absalão, 2011
 Eulimella cylindrata Pimenta, Santos & Absalão, 2011: 30 (figs 26–31).
Gastropoda, Pyramidellidae
 Paratypes (2 spc): MZSP 101568.
 Locality: Brazil, off Espírito Santo, 21º32' S, 40º09' W, sta. CB96, 295– 300m depth (type locality), 31 May 1987.
 Collectors: P. Bouchet, J.H. Leal and B. Métivier.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former MNHN, Paris.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
The Choice of Management Practices: What Determines the Design of an Environmental Management System?
Creators: name: Anton, Wilma Rose Q.
name: Anton, Wilma Rose Q.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental management system
subject: environmental management practice
subject: environmental self-regulation
subject: voluntary adoption
subject: multivariate probit

description: This paper examines whether differential incentives exist in the adoption of environmental management practices (EMPs) with varying features that often make up the design of environmental management systems implemented by firms. Estimation of multivariate probit models reveals that greater consumer, regulatory and investor pressures are positively related to the adoption of EMPs that directly enhance a firm's green image. In addition, potential liability costs are positively associated with adopting broad-based EMPs while regulatory pressures are not generally found to have any significant relationship with environmental efforts that improve and address compliance issues. Results also reveal that competitive pressures arising from environmental efforts by rival firms creates stronger incentives for environmental self-regulation than any pressures arising from potential regulatory threats at the industry level.
iWash: A Smartwatch Handwashing Quality Assessment and Reminder System with Real-time Feedback in the Context of Infectious Disease
Creators: name: Samyoun, Sirat
name: Shubha, Sudipta Saha
name: Mondol, Md Abu Sayeed
name: Stankovic, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Washing hands properly and frequently is the simplest and most cost-effective interventions to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. People are often ignorant about proper handwashing in different situations and do not know if they wash hands properly. Smartwatches are found to be effective for assessing the quality of handwashing. However, the existing smartwatch based systems are not comprehensive enough in terms of achieving accuracy as well as reminding people to handwash and providing feedback to the user about the quality of handwashing. On-device processing is often required to provide real-time feedback to the user, and so it is important to develop a system that runs efficiently on low-resource devices like smartwatches. However, none of the existing systems for handwashing quality assessment are optimized for on-device processing. We present iWash, a comprehensive system for quality assessment and context-aware reminder for handwashing with real-time feedback using smartwatches. iWash is a hybrid deep neural network based system that is optimized for on-device processing to ensure high accuracy with minimal processing time and battery usage. Additionally, it is a context-aware system that detects when the user is entering home using a Bluetooth beacon and provides reminders to wash hands. iWash also offers touch-free interaction between the user and the smartwatch that minimizes the risk of germ transmission. We collected a real-life dataset and conducted extensive evaluations to demonstrate the performance of iWash. Compared to the existing handwashing quality assessment systems, we achieve around 12% higher accuracy for quality assessment, as well as we reduce the processing time and battery usage by around 37% and 10%, respectively.
description: Published in Elsevier Smart Health Journal, 2021
Expression of human cystatin c by the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris
Creators: name: Files, David Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Human cystatin C is a cysteine-proteinase inhibitor with great potential as a therapeutic protein. The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, was selected as a host to express a human cystatin C variant in which site directed mutagenesis was used to introduce two consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation. Under the regulation of the methanol-inducible AOX1 gene promoter, both glycosylated and nonglycosylated cystatin were expressed simultaneously. Shake-flask experiments were performed to investigate the effects on cell density of glycerol and glucose as carbon sources and yeast extract, yeast nitrogen base, and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen sources. Glycerol was found to be superior to glucose, and the addition of yeast extract or ammonium sulfate (up to 4.3 gI-1) or yeast nitrogen base (up to 6.8 gI-1) had positive effects on the cell densities. The effects of pH and of feeding both methanol and glycerol during induction were investigated in a 2-liter bioreactor. The maximum expression was achieved at pH 6 and when only methanol was fed during induction. Glycerol feeding during induction showed potential to increase the concentration and yield of biologically active cystatin. The maximum concentration of biologically active cystatin in the culture supernatant was 54 μmolesI-1, equivalent to 0.72 gI-1 of human cystatin C. The maximum yield of biologically active cystatin was 1.0 μmoleg-1 dry cell weight. The effects of gene copy number as well as methanol utilization were considered. Resistance to the Zeocin™ antibiotic was used as a base for isolating transformants that were suspected to have a range of copy numbers. An inverse relationship between Zeocin™ resistance and active cystatin expression was observed. It is hypothesized that transformants with a higher resistance to Zeocin™ encountered inefficiencies in their secretion pathways. In terms of methanol utilization phenotype, the slow-growing transformant (Muts) expressed higher concentrations and higher yields of active cystatin. The fast-growing transformant (Mut+) experienced oxygen mass transfer limitations within the 2-liter bioreactor. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
Perceptions of Risk within Pastoralist Households in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Doss, Cheryl R.
name: McPeak, John G.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Doss, Cheryl R.
name: McPeak, John G.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Perceptions of risk may vary within households as well as across households and communities. In this paper, we take advantage of panel survey data collected quarterly over a period of 2 ½ years to see how perceptions of risk vary across individuals over time. The surveyed households are in pastoralist communities in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia and the survey period coincides with a severe drought in this region and the beginning of the recovery. We identify the structural heterogeneity of the perceptions of risk of these individuals. Because of the nature of panel data, we can also test how the perceptions of risk are affected by shocks in previous periods. In particular, we ask how an individual's risk perceptions change when shocks happen to him or herself, to other members of his or her, family, or to members of his or her community. This allows us to ask how expectations adapt based on the things that are happening to others and allows us to look at issues of social networks and learning.