cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The degree of relationship between tests of cognitive mechanisms
Creators: name: Lane, Craig Allen
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: In a variety of fields interested in cognition and cognitive processes 'tests' have been developed to help scientists infer a variety of cognitive processes. In the current study, the extent to which these tests share commonality in a predicted direction was assessed. Four tests were employed including the Stroop task administered via computer, the Stroop task administered manually, the Simon task, and an Inspection Time task. Eighteen undergraduates served as participants. The study was a one-way within subjects design. The dependent measure for the Simon and Stroop (automated) tasks was reaction time, while the number of correct responses was the dependent measure for Stroop (manual) and Inspection Time. A Pearson's Product Moment Correlation revealed that several tests correlated in a predictable direction. However, several surprisingly low correlations were noted that are not consistent with test based assumptions.
Multiple Andreev reflections in two-dimensional Josephson junctions with broken time-reversal symmetry
Creators: name: Olthof, Linde A. B. Olde
name: de Wit, Stijn R.
name: Suzuki, Shu-Ichiro
name: Adagideli, Inanc
name: Robinson, Jason W. A.
name: Brinkman, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Andreev bound states (ABS) occur in Josephson junctions when the total phase of the Andreev and normal reflections is a multiple of $2π$. In ballistic junctions with an applied voltage bias, a quasi-particle undergoes multiple Andreev reflections before entering the leads, resulting in peaks in the current-voltage $I(V)$ curve. Here we present a general model for Josephson junctions with spin-active interlayers i.e., magnetic or topological materials with broken time-reversal symmetry. We investigate how ABS change the peak positions and shape of $I(V)$, which becomes asymmetric for a single incident angle. We show how the angle-resolved $I(V)$ curve becomes a spectroscopic tool for the chirality and degeneracy of ABS.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
An efficient group authentication for group communications
Creators: name: Harn, Lein
name: Lin, Changlu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.4.6
subject: 94A62

description: Group communication implies a many-to-many communication and it goes beyond both one-to-one communication (i.e., unicast) and one-to-many communication (i.e., multicast). Unlike most user authentication protocols that authenticate a single user each time, we propose a new type of authentication, called group authentication, that authenticates all users in a group at once. The group authentication protocol is specially designed to support group communications. There is a group manager who is responsible to manage the group communication. During registration, each user of a group obtains an unique token from the group manager. Users present their tokens to determine whether they all belong to the same group or not. The group authentication protocol allows users to reuse their tokens without compromising the security of tokens. In addition, the group authentication can protect the identity of each user.
description: 8 pages
Type II multiferroic order in two-dimensional transition metal halides from first principles spin-spiral calculations
Creators: name: Sødequist, Joachim
name: Olsen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computational search for spin spiral ground states in two-dimensional transition metal halides that are experimentally known as van der Waals bonded bulk materials. Such spin spirals break the rotational symmetry of the lattice and lead to polar ground states where the axis of polarization is strongly coupled to the magnetic order (type II multiferroics). We apply the generalized Bloch theorem in conjunction with non-collinear density functional theory calculations to find the spiralling vector that minimizes the energy and then include spin-orbit coupling to calculate the preferred orientation of the spin plane with respect to the spiral vector. We find a wide variety of magnetic orders ranging from ferromagnetic, stripy anti-ferromagnetic, 120$^\circ$ non-collinear structures and incommensurate spin spirals. The latter two introduce polar axes and are found in the majority of materials considered here. The spontaneous polarization is calculated for the incommensurate spin spirals by performing full supercell relaxation including spinorbit coupling and the induced polarization is shown to be strongly dependent on the orientation of the spiral planes. We also test the effect of Hubbard corrections on the results and find that for most materials LDA+U results agree qualitatively with LDA. An exception is the Mn halides, which are found to exhibit incommensurate spin spiral ground states if Hubbard corrections are included whereas bare LDA yields a 120$^\circ$ non-collinear ground state.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, Supplmentary: 4 pages, 4 figures
Making an educator: Design, implementation, and pilot evaluation of a PA student-led academic medicine elective rotation
Creators: name: Lee, Hwal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: 130210 Physical Education and Development Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: 130299 Curriculum and Pedagogy not elsewhere classified
subject: 130209 Medicine, Nursing and Health Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: Medicine

description: Although many PA (physician assistant/associate) students are interested in a future role in PA education, most graduate with no formal training on how to teach. Meanwhile, many PA clinicians are expected or required to take on educational roles (e.g., precepting PA/medical/other healthcare professions students, training and coaching colleagues), and many new PA program faculty members transition directly from clinical practice without the core educational skills expected of them in their new roles. An academic medicine elective rotation, as demonstrated in the current study, can provide opportunities for future PA clinicians and PA educators to develop core educational skills and explore future career roles in PA education during clinical training. Thus, the innovative, PA student-led curriculum should be of particular interest to current PA educators and PA students, as well as current PA clinicians with an interest in a future role in PA education.
An exploration of the employment of faith and science through the major strands of religion and psychology
Creators: name: Winning, Anthony P.
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: When seeking to reflect upon the experience of being human, a recurring observation of people has been the presence of suffering as an element of life. In turn, over the millennia, human beings have sought to not only understand what may comprise the human condition, but also the causes of difficulties and approaches to remediation. Arguably the most prominent and influential of these frameworks in the modern world is that of religion and psychology. However, each approach has sought to derive knowledge in different ways, with religion based primarily on faith, and psychology generally being a product of science. Yet an examination of the use of psychology and religion has typically consisted of investigating the psychological effects of religious undertakings, such as the emotional benefits of praying, or how the discoveries of psychology may augment religious goals, such as in providing pastoral care. However, this fails to answer how the various strands of religion and psychology may interrelate based upon the fundamental underlying ideas found in the various religious traditions and strands of psychology themselves. Therefore, this thesis sought to uncover what the major religions of the modern world, and prominent psychological theorist, view as the cause of human suffering, and approaches to remediation. In turn, through utilising various metaphysical positions that may underlie science and religion, accord was found between various strands of religion and psychology, based on the key underlying ideas found within each framework. This was further augmented by the use of the theologian and scientist Ian Barbour's fourfold typologies, which sought to account for the various ways that the findings of science and religious have been utilised over the centuries. In turn, it may be possible to furnish guidance on the employment of stands of religion and psychology, as well as an overarching goal for the life of a human beings, based on how a person answers three questions; that of whether life can be accounted for purely by physical reality, if human beings are intrinsically antisocial, neutral or prosocial, and if human beings are capable of unification with divinity. This is of great significance, because while such answers may represent aspects of life that are fundamentally mysterious, they can act a focal points for careful and in-depth examination by people when seeking to understand potential ways to approach life.
Vertical flows and mass flux balance of sunspot umbral dots
Creators: name: Riethmüller, T. L.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: van Noort, M.
name: Tiwari, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new Stokes inversion technique that greatly reduces the effect of the spatial point spread function of the telescope is used to constrain the physical properties of umbral dots (UDs). The depth-dependent inversion of the Stokes parameters from a sunspot umbra recorded with Hinode SOT/SP revealed significant temperature enhancements and magnetic field weakenings in the core of the UDs in deep photospheric layers. Additionally, we found upflows of around 960 m/s in peripheral UDs (i.e., UDs close to the penumbra) and $\approx$ 600 m/s in central UDs. For the first time, we also detected systematic downflows for distances larger than 200 km from the UD center that balance the upflowing mass flux. In the upper photosphere, we found almost no difference between the UDs and their diffuse umbral background.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Artificial Benchmark for Community Detection with Outliers (ABCD+o)
Creators: name: Kamiński, Bogumił
name: Prałat, Paweł
name: Théberge, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.6.5; G.4

description: The Artificial Benchmark for Community Detection graph (ABCD) is a random graph model with community structure and power-law distribution for both degrees and community sizes. The model generates graphs with similar properties as the well-known LFR one, and its main parameter $ξ$ can be tuned to mimic its counterpart in the LFR model, the mixing parameter $μ$. In this paper, we extend the ABCD model to include potential outliers. We perform some exploratory experiments on both the new ABCD+o model as well as a real-world network to show that outliers possess some desired, distinguishable properties.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures
Topology in the space-time scaling limit of quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Rossi, Lorenzo
name: Budich, Jan Carl
name: Dolcini, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of topology in the space-time scaling limit of quantum quench dynamics, where both time and system size tend to infinity at a constant ratio. There, while the standard topological characterization relying on local unitary transformations becomes ill defined, we show how a different dynamical notion of topology naturally arises through a dynamical winding number encoding the linear response of the Berry phase to a magnetic flux. Specifically, we find that the presence of a locally invisible constant magnetic flux is revealed by a dynamical staircase behavior of the Berry phase, whose topologically quantized plateaus characterize the space-time scaling limit of a quenched Rice-Mele model. These jumps in the Berry phase are also shown to be related to the interband elements of the DC current operator. We outline possible experimental platforms for observing the predicted phenomena in finite systems.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Supplemental Material
Reactive-Ion-Etched Graphene Nanoribbons on a Hexagonal Boron Nitride Substrate
Creators: name: Bischoff, Dominik
name: Krähenmann, Tobias
name: Dröscher, Susanne
name: Gruner, Michelle A.
name: Barraud, Clément
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of both single layer graphene micron-sized devices and nanoribbons on a hexagonal boron nitride substrate. We show that the micron-sized devices have significantly higher mobility and lower disorder density compared to devices fabricated on silicon dioxide substrate in agreement with previous findings. The transport characteristics of the reactive-ion-etched graphene nanoribbons on hexagonal boron nitride, however, appear to be very similar to those of ribbons on a silicon dioxide substrate. We perform a detailed study in order to highlight both similarities as well as differences. Our findings suggest that the edges have an important influence on transport in reactive ion-etched graphene nanodevices.
Graph theory approach to exceptional points in wave scattering
Creators: name: Scali, Stefano
name: Anders, Janet
name: Horsley, Simon A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use graph theory to solve wave scattering problems in the discrete dipole approximation. As a key result of this work, in the presence of active scatterers, we present a systematic method to find arbitrary large-order zero eigenvalue exceptional points (EPs). This is achieved by solving a set of non-linear equations that we interpret, in a graph theory picture, as vanishing sums of scattering events. We then show how the total field of the system responds to parameter perturbations at the EP. Finally, we investigate the sensitivity of the power output to imaginary perturbation in the design frequency. This perturbation can be employed to trade sensitivity for a different dissipation balance of the system. The purpose of the results of this paper is manifold. On the one hand, we aim to shed light on the link between graph theory and wave scattering. On the other hand, the results of this paper find application in all those settings where zero eigenvalue EPs play a unique role like in coherent perfect absorption (CPA) structures.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Time-to-space ghost imaging
Creators: name: Horoshko, Dmitri B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temporal ghost imaging is based on the temporal correlations of two optical beams and aims at forming a temporal image of a temporal object with a resolution, fundamentally limited by the photodetector resolution time and reaching 55 ps in a recent experiment. For further improvement of the temporal resolution, it is suggested to form a spatial ghost image of a temporal object relying on strong temporal-spatial correlations of two optical beams. Such correlations are known to exist between two entangled beams generated in type-I parametric downconversion. It is shown that a sub-picosecond-scale temporal resolution is accessible with a realistic source of entangled photons.
description: 10 one-column pages, 3 figures, final accepted version
Caesars Palace, 1966-1996
Creators: name: Guzman, Cherie L
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: Caesar's Palace has provided an image of an extravagant lifestyle and a formalist architecture to the public. By creating a hotel casino in which the image of living an extravagant lifestyle could be experienced in social and aesthetic terms, the longevity and success of Caesar's Palace contributed to the rise of a new standard of casino architecture. This thesis traces the impact of Caesar's Palace on casino design by illustrating and discussing the architectural language of the Las Vegas Strip prior to Caesar's Palace. This thesis displays a progressive history of Caesar's Palace. This thesis discusses and analyzes the architecture Caesar's Palace created in the context of the hotel casino.
Contra Bellum: Bell's theorem as a confusion of languages
Creators: name: Czachor, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell's theorem is a conflict of mathematical predictions formulated within an infinite hierarchy of mathematical models. Inequalities formulated at level $k\in\mathbb{Z}$, are violated by probabilities at level $k+1$. We are inclined to think that $k=0$ corresponds to the the classical world, while the quantum one is $k=1$. However, as the $k=0$ inequalities are violated by $k=1$ probabilities, the same relation holds between $k=1$ inequalities violated by $k=2$ probabilities, $k=-1$ inequalities, violated by $k=0$ probabilities, and so forth. Accepting the logic of the Bell theorem, can we prove by induction that nothing exists?
Atmosphere dynamics of the active region NOAA 11024
Creators: name: Kondrashova, N. N.
name: Pasechnik, M. N.
name: Chornogor, S. N.
name: Khomenko, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of the study of chromospheric and photospheric line-of-sight velocity fields in the young active region NOAA 11024. Multi-layer, multi-wavelength observational data were used for the analysis of the emerging flux in this active region. Spectropolarimetric observations were carried out with the telescope THEMIS on Tenerife (Canary Islands) on 4 July 2009. In addition, space-borne data from SOHO/MDI, STEREO and GOES were also considered. The combination of data from ground- and space-based telescopes allowed us to study the dynamics of the lower atmosphere of the active region with high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions. THEMIS spectra show strong temporal variations of the velocity in the chromosphere and photosphere for different activity features: two pores, active and quiet plage regions, and two surges. The range of variations of the chromospheric line-of-sight velocity at the heights of formation of the H-alpha core was extremely large. Both upward and downward motions were observed in these layers. In particular, a surge with upward velocities up to -73 km/s were detected. In the photosphere, predominantly upward motions were found, varying from -3.1 km/s upflows to 1.4 km/s downflows in different structures. The velocity variations at different levels in the lower atmosphere are compatible with magnetic flux emergence.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in Solar Physics
JPEG Steganalysis Based on Steganographic Feature Enhancement and Graph Attention Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Qiyun
name: Yang, Zhiguang
name: Wu, Hanzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The purpose of image steganalysis is to determine whether the carrier image contains hidden information or not. Since JEPG is the most commonly used image format over social networks, steganalysis in JPEG images is also the most urgently needed to be explored. However, in order to detect whether secret information is hidden within JEPG images, the majority of existing algorithms are designed in conjunction with the popular computer vision related networks, without considering the key characteristics appeared in image steganalysis. It is crucial that the steganographic signal, as an extremely weak signal, can be enhanced during its representation learning process. Motivated by this insight, in this paper, we introduce a novel representation learning algorithm for JPEG steganalysis that is mainly consisting of a graph attention learning module and a feature enhancement module. The graph attention learning module is designed to avoid global feature loss caused by the local feature learning of convolutional neural network and reliance on depth stacking to extend the perceptual domain. The feature enhancement module is applied to prevent the stacking of convolutional layers from weakening the steganographic information. In addition, pretraining as a way to initialize the network weights with a large-scale dataset is utilized to enhance the ability of the network to extract discriminative features. We advocate pretraining with ALASKA2 for the model trained with BOSSBase+BOWS2. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous arts in terms of detection accuracy, which has verified the superiority and applicability of the proposed work.
description: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IdiF7M0AAAAJ&hl=en
Theoretical study of crystal-amorphous transition in (111) silicon, and oxidation of (100) silicon
Creators: name: Gorantla, Suresh
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: Molecular Beam Epitaxial (MBE) silicon (Si) (111) grown below a certain temperature results in amorphous structure due to the limited surface mobility of atoms for finding the correct epitaxial sites. A theoretical model based on the formation of stacking fault like defects as a precursor to the amorphous transition of the (111)Si layer is developed. The model is simulated based on a stochastic model approach and the results are compared to that of experiments for temperatures in the range of {dollar}500{-}900\sp\circ{dollar}K and growth rate in the range of 0.1-3.0 {dollar}\A/sec.{dollar} The agreement between the results obtained and experimental observations is good. Temperature and growth rate dependencies of the crystal-amorphous transition are investigated and reported; Ultra large scale integration requires device miniaturization, which in turn, requires high quality ultra-thin silicon dioxide. In spite of various experimental and theoretical studies to understand the growth kinetics of ultra-thin oxidation, the understanding is not complete. A thermal oxidation model based on a rate equation approach with concentration dependent diffusion coefficient is proposed and employed to investigate the physics of oxidation of silicon in oxygen {dollar}(O\sb2){dollar} and nitrous oxide {dollar}(N\sb2O){dollar} ambients for thicknesses of the order of 100 A. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Is Christianity Polytheistic? The Text of a Podcast
Creators: name: Stockton, Ronald
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Polytheism, Incarcation, Feuerbach, Calvin, Servetus, Passion of the Christ, Islam, Judaism, Duophisite, Trinity, Christology, Incarnation, The Shack, Mark Beaumont, disputation, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Presbyterians, Gospel of John, Athanasian Creed, fourth Lateran Council, Catechism of the Catholic Church, Augsburg Confession, Westminster Confession, Baptist Faith and Message, Council of Chalcedon, Life of Brian, Dogma.
subject: Social Sciences
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A discussion of the concept of monotheism and how Muslim, Christians, and Jews address the Christian concept of The Trinity and the Incarnation.
Public participation program development: An analysis of public participation in the water industry
Creators: name: Holmberg, Marcia Lynne
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: The field of public participation is a distinct, but yet unpolished facet within the public relations industry. While the purpose of and need for public participation are becoming increasingly clear, many remain unaware or unconvinced of its advantages. Likewise, even among those who endorse the necessity of public participation, its methods and strategies continue to be a mystery to most; One industry, in particular, that has recognized and embraced the benefits of conducting public participation is the water utility industry. The purpose of this thesis is to (1) crystallize the understanding of why public participation is a necessary and advantageous tool (2) to exemplify how to conduct public participation by providing both general guiding principles and a specific conceptual framework for program implementation.
From pentacyclic coordinates to chain geometries, and back
Creators: name: Havlicek, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51B05, 51B10, 51B15, 51B20, 51B25, 51A45, 51C05, 17C50, 14M15

description: Starting with the classical circle geometry of Sophus Lie, we give a survey about some of the developments in the area of chain geometries during the last three decades.
Online Mindset Training Protects Adolescents from Unhealthy Responses to Stress
Creators: name: Yeager, David S.
name: Bryan, Christopher J.
name: Gross, James J.
name: Murray, Jared S.
name: Krettek Cobb, Danielle
name: Santos, Pedro H.F.
name: Gravelding, Hannah
name: Johnson, Meghann
name: Jamieson, Jeremy P.
Publisher: name: University of Texas at Austin Population Research Center
Year: 2022
Subjects: stress
stress-related anxiety
adolescents
online mindset training

description: Adolescents today are experiencing record-high levels of stress-related anxiety and symptoms of depression. Conventional thinking portrays stress as mostly a bad thing to be avoided. But this “stress avoidance” mentality can disadvantage teenagers, as it may lead many to disengage from potentially beneficial stressors such as demanding academic coursework. PRC faculty scholars David Yeager, Christopher Bryan, and colleagues, combined and tested two existing, scientifically validated mindsets – the growth mindset and stress-can-be-enhancing mindset – into a single, coherent treatment to teach adolescents how to appraise and optimize stress. They found that teaching adolescents about the two mindsets together had synergistic effects and that together, the synergistic mindsets training helped adolescents to engage with challenges rather than avoid them, and to harness the body’s natural resources to help them succeed when the demands of challenging pursuits felt the most intense. This research demonstrates a potentially powerful, low-cost and easy-to-use tool for addressing adolescents’ stress.
Strong pressure dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in single crystals of the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 studied by muon spin rotation
Creators: name: Howald, L.
name: Maisuradze, A.
name: de Réotier, P. Dalmas
name: Yaouanc, A.
name: Baines, C.
name: Lapertot, G.
name: Mony, K.
name: Brison, J. -P.
name: Keller, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the tetragonal heavy fermion system CeCoIn5 the unconventional superconducting state is probed by means of muon spin rotation. The pressure dependence (0-1 GPa) of the basal-plane magnetic penetration depth (λ_a), the penetration depth anisotropy (γ=λ_c/λ_a) and the temperature dependence of 1/λ_i^2 (i=a,c) were studied in single crystals. A strong decrease of λ_a with pressure was observed, while γand λ_i^2(0)/λ_i^2(T) are pressure independent. A linear relationship between 1/λ_a^2(270 mK) and Tc was also found. The large decrease of λ_a with pressure is the signature of an increase of the number of superconducting quasiparticles by a factor of about 2.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures. To appear in PRL
Early kinetic decoupling effect on the forbidden dark matter annihilations into standard model particles
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Liu, Xuewen
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early kinetic decoupling (eKD) effect is an inevitable ingredient in calculating the relic density of dark matter (DM) for various well-motivated scenarios. It appears naturally in forbidden dark matter annihilation, the main focus of this work, which contains fermionic DM and a light singlet scalar that connects the DM and standard model (SM) leptons. The strong suppression of the scattering between DM and SM particles happens quite early in the DM depletion history, where the DM temperature drops away from the thermal equilibrium, $T_χ< T_{\rm SM}$, leading to the decreased kinetic energy of DM. The forbidden annihilation thus becomes inefficient since small kinetic energy cannot help exceed the annihilation threshold, naturally leading to a larger abundance. To show the eKD discrepancy, we numerically solve the coupled Boltzmann equations that govern the evolution of DM number density and temperature. It is found that eKD significantly affects the DM abundance, resulting in almost an order of magnitude higher than that by the traditional calculation. We also discuss the constraints from experimental searches on the model parameters, where the viable parameter space shrinks when considering the eKD effect.
description: 10 pages, matches published version
Temperature dependent effective potential method for accurate free energy calculations of solids
Creators: name: Hellman, Olle
name: Steneteg, Peter
name: Abrikosov, Igor A.
name: Simak, Sergei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a thorough and accurate method of determining anharmonic free energies, the temperature dependent effective potential technique (TDEP). It is based on \emph{ab initio} molecular dynamics followed by a mapping onto a model Hamiltonian that describes the lattice dynamics. The formalism and the numerical aspects of the technique are described in details. A number of practical examples are given, and results are presented, which confirm the usefulness of TDEP within \emph{ab initio} and classical molecular dynamics frameworks. In particular, we examine from first-principles the behavior of force constants upon the dynamical stabilization of body centered phase of Zr, and show that they become more localized. We also calculate phase diagram for $^4$He modeled with the Aziz \emph{et al.} potential and obtain results which are in favorable agreement both with respect to experiment and established techniques.
Predictors of life satisfaction of persons with mental retardation
Creators: name: Firth, Colleen Sisley
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: Data from a study conducted by the State of Nevada to assess consumer satisfaction with services of persons with mental retardation were factor analyzed. Data collected using ACD's Outcome Performance Measures for People with Disabilities were used. It was attempted to replicate ACD's obtained factor structure. It was then explored which groups of these variables best predicted the life satisfaction of these individuals; Results indicated that ACD's factor structure was replicable with a sample of persons with mental retardation. This may suggest that variables important to a person's quality of life may be similar for people with different disabilities. Results of the multiple regression indicated that 8 of the factors were significant predictors of life satisfaction. In order of strength, these were: Security, Freedom, Relationships, Safety, Achievement, Health, Lack of Resources/Privacy, and Rights, with Informed Consent not being significant. In addition, different factors were found to be important to the different groups divided by disability level and residence. Reasons and implications are discussed.
The Shape of Covariantly Smeared Sources in Lattice QCD
Creators: name: von Hippel, Georg M.
name: Jäger, Benjamin
name: Rae, Thomas D.
name: Wittig, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Covariantly smeared sources are commonly used in lattice QCD to enhance the projection onto the ground state. Here we investigate the dependence of their shape on the gauge field background and find that the presence of localized concentrations of magnetic field can lead to strong distortions which reduce the smearing radii achievable by iterative smearing prescriptions. In particular, as $a\to 0$, iterative procedures like Jacobi smearing require increasingly large iteration counts in order to reach physically-sized smearing radii $r_{sm}\sim$ 0.5 fm, and the resulting sources are strongly distorted. To bypass this issue, we propose a covariant smearing procedure (``free-form smearing'') that allows us to create arbitrarily shaped sources, including in particular Gaussians of arbitrary radius.
description: 1+15 pages, 7 figures (24 pdf images)
The Grid Sketcher: An AutoCad-based tool for conceptual design processes
Creators: name: Gardner, Brian Martin
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: Sketching with pencil and paper is reminiscent of the varied, rich, and loosely defined formal processes associated with conceptual design. Architects actively engage such creative paradigms in their exploration and development of conceptual design solutions. The Grid Sketcher, as a conceptual sketching tool, presents one possible computer implementation for enhancing and supporting these processes. It effectively demonstrates the facility with which current technology and the computing environment can enhance and simulate sketching intents and expectations; Typically with respect to design, the position taken is that the two are virtually void of any fundamental commonality. A designer's thoughts are intuitive, at times irrational, and rarely follow consistently identifiable patterns. Conversely, computing requires predictability in just these endeavors. The computing environment, as commonly defined, can not reasonably expect to mimic the typically human domain of creative design. In this context, this thesis accentuates the computer's role as a form generator as opposed to a form evaluator. The computer, under the influence of certain contextual parameters can, however, provide the designer with a rich and elegant set of forms that respond through algorithmics to the designer's creative intents. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Infrared (in)sensitivity of relativistic effects in cosmological observable statistics
Creators: name: Mitsou, Ermis
name: Yoo, Jaiyul
name: Magi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic effects in cosmological observables contain critical information about the initial conditions and gravity on large scales. Compared to the matter density fluctuation, some of these relativistic contributions scale with negative powers of comoving wave number, implying a growing sensitivity to infrared modes. However, this can be inconsistent with the equivalence principle and can also lead to infrared divergences in the observable $N$-point statistics. Recent perturbative calculations have shown that this infrared sensitivity is indeed spurious due to subtle cancellations in the cosmological observables that have been missed in the bulk of the literature. Here we demonstrate that the cosmological observable statistics are infrared-insensitive in a general and fully non-linear way, assuming diffeomorphism invariance and adiabatic fluctuations on large scales.
description: 6 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Ultra-Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime with Polariton Dots
Creators: name: Todorov, Yanko
name: Andrews, Aaron Maxwell
name: Colombell, Raffaele
name: De Liberato, Simone
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
name: Klang, Pavel
name: Strasser, Gottfried
name: Sirtori, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The regime of ultrastrong light-matter interaction has been investigated theoretically and experimentally, using zero-dimensional electromagnetic resonators coupled with an electronic transition between two confined states of a semiconductor quantum well. We have measured a splitting between the coupled modes that amounts to 48% of the energy transition, the highest ratio ever observed in a light-matter coupled system. Our analysis, based on a microscopic quantum theory, shows that the nonlinear polariton splitting, a signature of this regime, is a dynamical effect arising from the self-interaction of the collective electronic polarization with its own emitted field.
Anomalous Hall effect from a non-Hermitian viewpoint
Creators: name: Isobe, Hiroki
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian descriptions often model open or driven systems away from the equilibrium. Nonetheless, in equilibrium electronic systems, a non-Hermitian nature of an effective Hamiltonian manifests itself as unconventional observables such as a bulk Fermi arc and skin effects. We theoretically reveal that spin-dependent quasiparticle lifetimes, which signify the non-Hermiticity of an effective model in the equilibrium, induce the anomalous Hall effect, namely the Hall effect without an external magnetic field. We first examine the effect of nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities and obtain a non-Hermitian effective model. Then, we calculate the Kubo formula from the microscopic model to ascertain a non-Hermitian interpretation of the longitudinal and Hall conductivities. Our results elucidate the vital role of the non-Hermitian equilibrium nature in the quantum transport phenomena.
description: 8+18 pages, 3+6 figures
Random close packing fractions of lognormal distributions of hard spheres
Creators: name: Farr, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a recent one-dimensional algorithm for predicting random close packing fractions of polydisperse hard spheres [Farr and Groot, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 244104 (2009)] to the case of lognormal distributions of sphere sizes and mixtures of such populations. We show that the results compare well to two much slower algorithms for directly simulating spheres in three dimensions, and show that the algorithm is fast enough to tackle inverse problems in particle packing: designing size distributions to meet required criteria. The one-dimensional method used in this paper is implemented as a computer code in the C programming language, available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/spherepack1d/ under the terms of the GNU general public licence (version 2).
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, including computer code listings in "C"
Magnetic catalysis in the (2+1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model
Creators: name: Lenz, Julian J.
name: Mandl, Michael
name: Wipf, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Gross-Neveu model in $2+1$ dimensions in an external magnetic field $B$. We first summarize known mean-field results, obtained in the limit of large flavor number $N_\mathrm{f}$, before presenting lattice results using the overlap discretization to study one reducible fermion flavor, $N_\mathrm{f}=1$. Our findings indicate that the magnetic catalysis phenomenon, i.e., an increase of the chiral condensate with the magnetic field, persists beyond the mean-field limit for temperatures below the chiral phase transition and that the critical temperature grows with increasing magnetic field. This is in contrast to the situation in QCD, where the broken phase shrinks with increasing $B$ while the condensate exhibits a non-monotonic $B$-dependence close to the chiral crossover, and we comment on this discrepancy. We do not find any trace of inhomogeneous phases induced by the magnetic field.
description: 10 pages + 4 pages appendix, 10 figures; some clarifications, corrected typos, added references
Tailoring magnetic hysteresis of Fe-Ni permalloy by additive manufacturing: Multiphysics-multiscale simulations of process-property relationships
Creators: name: Yang, Yangyiwei
name: Oyedeji, Timileyin David
name: Zhou, Xiandong
name: Albe, Karsten
name: Xu, Bai-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Designing the microstructure of Fe-Ni permalloy by additive manufacturing (AM) opens new avenues to tailor the materials' magnetic properties. Yet, AM-produced parts suffer from spatially inhomogeneous thermal-mechanical and magnetic responses, which are less investigated in terms of process simulation and modeling schemes. Here we present a powder-resolved multiphysics-multiscale simulation scheme for describing magnetic hysteresis in materials produced via AM. The underlying physical processes are explicitly considered, including the coupled thermal-structural evolution, chemical order-disorder transitions, and associated thermo-elasto-plastic behaviors. The residual stress is identified as the key thread in connecting the physical processes and in-process phenomena across scales. By employing this scheme, we investigate the dependence of the fusion zone size, the residual stress and plastic strain, and the magnetic hysteresis of AM-produced Fe21.5Ni78.5 permalloy on beam power and scan speed. Simulation results also suggest a phenomenological relation between magnetic coercivity and average residual stress, which can guide the magnetic hysteresis design of soft magnetic materials by choosing appropriate AM-process parameters.
Cost of diffusion: nonlinearity and giant fluctuations
Creators: name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Mori, Francesco
name: Vivo, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple model of diffusive jump process where a fee is charged for each jump. The nonlinear cost function is such that slow jumps incur a flat fee, while for fast jumps the cost is proportional to the velocity of the jump. The model -- inspired by the way taxi meters work -- exhibits a very rich behavior. The cost for trajectories of equal length and equal duration exhibits giant fluctuations at a critical value of the scaled distance travelled. Furthermore, the full distribution of the cost until the target is reached exhibits an interesting ``freezing'' transition in the large-deviation regime. All the analytical results are corroborated by numerical simulations. Our results also apply to elastic systems near the depinning transition, when driven by a random force.
description: 4 fig. 6 pages + Supplemental Material included. Published version, which includes physical applications to elastic systems in presence of random forces. Title changed to match published version
Empirical analysis of the situational variables and their impact on a manager's leadership in influencing employee organizational citizenship behaviors in Korean hotels
Creators: name: Lee, Jung Hoon
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1997

description: The purpose of this study is to identify situational variables that may influence the effect of a manager's leadership on subordinate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the Korean hotel industry; Data were collected from 107 managers and their 487 subordinates across a wide variety of different departments in the deluxe business hotels in Korea; Thirteen hypotheses were tested using a partial correlation coefficient test in multiple regression to examine the correlation between thirteen situational variables and five employee OCB dimensions. The test generally showed that selected characteristics of a manager, task, and organization either substitute or enhance a manager's leadership in influencing employee OCB by having either positive or negative correlation with selected OCB dimensions; The findings of this study suggested that employee OCB can be maximized when the positive situational variables operate in concert with a manager's leadership. The findings also suggested that a manager's leadership should be enhanced when a negative situational variable influences employee OCB.
Carrollian Origins of Bjorken Flow
Creators: name: Bagchi, Arjun
name: Kolekar, Kedar S.
name: Shukla, Ashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bjorken flow is among the simplest models of fluids moving near the speed of light ($c$) while Carroll symmetry arises as a contraction of Poincaré group when $c \to 0$. We show that Bjorken flow and its phenomenological approximations are completely captured by Carrollian fluids. Carrollian symmetries arise on generic null surfaces and a fluid moving at $c$ is restricted to such a surface, thereby naturally inheriting the symmetries. Carrollian hydrodynamics is thus not exotic, but rather ubiquitous, and provides a concrete framework for fluids moving at or near the speed of light.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. v2: Minor presentation changes. Matches version published in PRL