cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the efficiency of Hamiltonian-based quantum computation for low-rank matrices
Creators: name: Cao, Zhenwei
name: Elgart, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q41, 68Q12, 81P68

description: We present an extension of Adiabatic Quantum Computing (AQC) algorithm for the unstructured search to the case when the number of marked items is unknown. The algorithm maintains the optimal Grover speedup and includes a small counting subroutine. Our other results include a lower bound on the amount of time needed to perform a general Hamiltonian-based quantum search, a lower bound on the evolution time needed to perform a search that is valid in the presence of control error and a generic upper bound on the minimum eigenvalue gap for evolutions. In particular, we demonstrate that quantum speedup for the unstructured search using AQC type algorithms may only be achieved under very rigid control precision requirements.
description: 17 pages, no figures, to appear in JMP
Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics
Creators: name: Cowan, Glen
name: Cranmer, Kyle
name: Gross, Eilam
name: Vitells, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe likelihood-based statistical tests for use in high energy physics for the discovery of new phenomena and for construction of confidence intervals on model parameters. We focus on the properties of the test procedures that allow one to account for systematic uncertainties. Explicit formulae for the asymptotic distributions of test statistics are derived using results of Wilks and Wald. We motivate and justify the use of a representative data set, called the "Asimov data set", which provides a simple method to obtain the median experimental sensitivity of a search or measurement as well as fluctuations about this expectation.
description: fixed typo in equations 75 & 76
Dynamic crossover in the persistence probability of manifolds at criticality
Creators: name: Gambassi, Andrea
name: Paul, Raja
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the persistence properties of critical d-dimensional systems relaxing from an initial state with non-vanishing order parameter (e.g., the magnetization in the Ising model), focusing on the dynamics of the global order parameter of a d'-dimensional manifold. The persistence probability P(t) shows three distinct long-time decays depending on the value of the parameter ζ= (D-2+η)/z which also controls the relaxation of the persistence probability in the case of a disordered initial state (vanishing order parameter) as a function of the codimension D = d-d' and of the critical exponents z and η. We find that the asymptotic behavior of P(t) is exponential for ζ> 1, stretched exponential for 0 <= ζ<= 1, and algebraic for ζ< 0. Whereas the exponential and stretched exponential relaxations are not affected by the initial value of the order parameter, we predict and observe a crossover between two different power-law decays when the algebraic relaxation occurs, as in the case d'=d of the global order parameter. We confirm via Monte Carlo simulations our analytical predictions by studying the magnetization of a line and of a plane of the two- and three-dimensional Ising model, respectively, with Glauber dynamics. The measured exponents of the ultimate algebraic decays are in a rather good agreement with our analytical predictions for the Ising universality class. In spite of this agreement, the expected scaling behavior of the persistence probability as a function of time and of the initial value of the order parameter remains problematic. In this context, the non-equilibrium dynamics of the O(n) model in the limit n->\infty and its subtle connection with the spherical model is also discussed in detail.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures; minor changes, added one figure, (old) fig.4 replaced by the correct fig.5
Fine structure of high-energy absorption cross sections for black holes
Creators: name: Décanini, Yves
name: Folacci, Antoine
name: Raffaelli, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-energy absorption cross section of the Schwarzschild black hole is well approximated, in the eikonal regime, by the sum of two terms: the geometrical cross section of the black hole photon sphere and the contribution of a sinc function involving the geometrical characteristics (orbital period and Lyapunov exponent) of the null unstable geodesics lying on this photon sphere. From a numerical analysis, we show that, beyond the eikonal description, this absorption cross section presents a simple fine structure. We then describe it analytically by using Regge pole techniques and interpret it in geometrical terms. We naturally extend our analysis to arbitrary static spherically symmetric black holes endowed with a photon sphere and we then apply our formalism to Schwarzschild-Tangherlini and Reissner-Nordström black holes. Finally, on the example of the Schwarzschild black hole, we show numerically that a complicated hyperfine structure lying beyond the fine structure can also be observed.
description: v2: Minor corrections; v3: Minor changes to match the published version
Assessing Neural Network Representations During Training Using Noise-Resilient Diffusion Spectral Entropy
Creators: name: Liao, Danqi
name: Liu, Chen
name: Christensen, Benjamin W.
name: Tong, Alexander
name: Huguet, Guillaume
name: Wolf, Guy
name: Nickel, Maximilian
name: Adelstein, Ian
name: Krishnaswamy, Smita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Entropy and mutual information in neural networks provide rich information on the learning process, but they have proven difficult to compute reliably in high dimensions. Indeed, in noisy and high-dimensional data, traditional estimates in ambient dimensions approach a fixed entropy and are prohibitively hard to compute. To address these issues, we leverage data geometry to access the underlying manifold and reliably compute these information-theoretic measures. Specifically, we define diffusion spectral entropy (DSE) in neural representations of a dataset as well as diffusion spectral mutual information (DSMI) between different variables representing data. First, we show that they form noise-resistant measures of intrinsic dimensionality and relationship strength in high-dimensional simulated data that outperform classic Shannon entropy, nonparametric estimation, and mutual information neural estimation (MINE). We then study the evolution of representations in classification networks with supervised learning, self-supervision, or overfitting. We observe that (1) DSE of neural representations increases during training; (2) DSMI with the class label increases during generalizable learning but stays stagnant during overfitting; (3) DSMI with the input signal shows differing trends: on MNIST it increases, while on CIFAR-10 and STL-10 it decreases. Finally, we show that DSE can be used to guide better network initialization and that DSMI can be used to predict downstream classification accuracy across 962 models on ImageNet. The official implementation is available at https://github.com/ChenLiu-1996/DiffusionSpectralEntropy.
Additional file 1 of Nanopore sequencing for detecting reciprocal translocation carrier status in preimplantation genetic testing
Creators: name: Xia, Qiuping
name: Li, Shenglan
name: Ding, Taoli
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Li, Yanping
name: Zhu, Huimin
name: Yao, Zhongyuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig.S1. Chromosomal ploidy results of the embryos (G–K) from patient 1. Embryo J had normal ploidy. Three embryos, G, H, and K, were identified as having abnormal chromosomes 2 and 5 and were used as reference embryos for the identification of translocation breakpoint. Abnormal chromosome 1 and trisomy 15p mosaicism was detected in embryo I. Red and blue dots indicate the copy number of different chromosomes. Each point is at 1 Mb resolution. The green horizontal line indicates an abnormal copy number. Fig.S2. Chromosomal ploidy results of the embryos (G–L) from patient 2. Embryos L exhibited normal ploidy. Three reference embryos (G,H, and I) with abnormal chromosomes 13 and 17 were successfully identified. Embryo J with monosomy 7 was observed, and monosomy 10q mosaicism was detected in embryo K. Red and blue dots indicate the copy number of different chromosomes. Each point is at 1 Mb resolution. The green horizontal line indicates an abnormal copy number.
Predicting the ultimate supremum of a stable Lévy process with no negative jumps
Creators: name: Bernyk, Violetta
name: Dalang, Robert C.
name: Peskir, Goran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a stable Lévy process $X=(X_t)_{0\le t\le T}$ of index $α\in(1,2)$ with no negative jumps, and letting $S_t=\sup_{0\le s\le t}X_s$ denote its running supremum for $t\in [0,T]$, we consider the optimal prediction problem \[V=\inf_{0\leτ\le T}\mathsf{E}(S_T-X_τ)^p,\] where the infimum is taken over all stopping times $τ$ of $X$, and the error parameter $p\in(1,α)$ is given and fixed. Reducing the optimal prediction problem to a fractional free-boundary problem of Riemann--Liouville type, and finding an explicit solution to the latter, we show that there exists $α_*\in(1,2)$ (equal to 1.57 approximately) and a strictly increasing function $p_*:(α_*,2)\rightarrow(1,2)$ satisfying $p_*(α_*+)=1$, $p_*(2-)=2$ and $p_*(α)
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOP598 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
MPEC 2023-J98 : 2023 JT
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 JT

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Theory of Non-equilibrium Asymptotic State Thermodynamics: Interacting Ehrenfest Urn Ring as an Example
Creators: name: Cheng, Chi-Ho
name: Lai, Pik-Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized class of non-equilibrium state, called non-equilibrium asymptotic state (NEAS), is proposed. The NEAS is constructed within the framework of the Fokker-Planck equations in thermodynamic limit. Besides the usual equilibrium state and non-equilibrium steady state (NESS), the class of NEAS could also cover non-equilibrium periodic state (NEPS) in which its dynamics shows periodicity, non-equilibrium quasi-periodic state (NEQPS), and non-equilibrium chaotic state (NECS) in which its dynamics becomes chaotic. Based on the theory of NEAS thermodynamics, the corresponding thermodynamics of different NEAS could also be determined. Finally the interacting Ehrenfest urn ring model is used as an example to illustrate how different kinds of NEAS (equilibrium state, uniform NESS, non-uniform NESS, NEPS) in three-urn case are identified in our framework. In particular, the thermodynamics of NEPS and its phase transitions to other types of NEAS are studied.
Field-induced phase transitions and anisotropic magnetic properties of the Kiteav-Heisenberg compound Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$
Creators: name: Bera, A. K.
name: Yusuf, S. M.
name: Orlandi, F.
name: Manuel, P.
name: Bhaskaran, L.
name: Zvyagin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin systems with honeycomb structures have recently attracted a great deal of attention in connection with the Kitaev quantum spin liquid state (QSL) predicted theoretically. One possible Kitaev QSL candidate is Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$ realizing a honeycomb lattice of pseudo-spin-1/2. Field-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction technique allows us to determine the microscopic spin-spin correlations across the field induced phase transitions for H//a and H//a* in plane field directions. Our results reveal phase transitions, initially to a canted zigzag antiferromagnetic state at approximately 60 kOe, followed by a possible transition to a partially polarized state over the range of 90-120 kOe, and finally to a field-induced fully polarized state above 120 kOe. We observe distinct field dependencies of the magnetic peak intensities for H//a and H//a*. In addition, low-temperature electron spin resonance in magnetic fields H//c yields a complete softening for one of the antiferromagnetic resonances at ~ 40 kOe, revealing a field-induced phase transition. The present work, thus, provides new insights into the field evolution of the important Kitaev-Heisenberg spin system Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, Phys. Rev. B 2023 (accepted)
Additional file 4 of Nanopore sequencing for detecting reciprocal translocation carrier status in preimplantation genetic testing
Creators: name: Xia, Qiuping
name: Li, Shenglan
name: Ding, Taoli
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Li, Yanping
name: Zhu, Huimin
name: Yao, Zhongyuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Fig.S3. Informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking the breakpoint in chromosome 2 from pedigree 1 (Family LJ) and embryos based on nanopore sequencing. SNP haplotypes were identified successfully for chromosome 2, and three balanced diploid embryos (C, D, and E) were free of translocation.
The Census of Transportation: An Evaluation
Creators: name: Crecine, John P.
name: Moses, Leon N.
name: Stucker, James
name: Crecine, John P.
name: Moses, Leon N.
name: Stucker, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 7th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Dec. 27-29, 1966, San Francisco, CA
Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Erstellung eines lastoptimierten 3D-gedruckten Logistikladungsträgers
Creators: name: Knipschild, Jan
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logistik
subject: Ladungsträger
subject: Additive Fertigung
subject: 3D-Druck
subject: Topologieoptimierung
subject: 620
subject: 670
subject: Logistik
subject: Ladungsträger
subject: Rapid Prototyping
subject: 3D-Druck
subject: Topologieoptimierung

description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren entwickelt, das Ladungsträger für die Logistik automatisiert erzeugt und herstellt. Es wird auf Basis der Ladungsgutgeometrie ein kastenförmiger Ladungsträger generiert, der nachfolgend bezüglich der Topologie optimiert wird, um den Materialeinsatz und die Fertigungszeit zu reduzieren. Für die Fertigung der Ladungsträger wird ein neuartiges additives Fertigungssystem verwendet, das direkt Kunststoffgranulat verarbeitet und aufgrund seines Aufbaus kostengünstig in der Anschaffung ist. Trotzdem kann die Kunststoffschmelze für die Fertigung eines Ladungsträgers ausreichend genau dosiert werden. Die Topologieoptimierung erfordert die Kenntnis über die Belastung des Ladungsträgers während des Transports, welche mit einer Kontaktsimulation ermittelt wird. Jedoch sind für die Simulation lange Rechenzeiten erforderlich, sodass eine alternative Heuristik entwickelt und der Kontaktsimulation gegenübergestellt wird. Während der Topologieoptimierung wird eine Überhangnebenbedingung verwendet, die eine Fertigung des Ladungsträgers durch einen 3D-Drucker ohne zusätzliche Stützstrukturen erlaubt. Überhangnebenbedingungen sind in der Literatur bereits bekannt, jedoch ist es gelungen, den erforderlichen Rechenaufwand für die Zusatzbedingung deutlich zu reduzieren. Zum Abschluss werden zwei Demonstratoren generiert und hergestellt.
Limiting Sobolev inequalities for vector fields and canceling linear differential operators
Creators: name: Van Schaftingen, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E35 (26D10 42B20)

description: The estimate [\lVert D^{k-1}u\rVert_{L^{n/(n-1)}} \le \lVert A(D)u \rVert_{L^1} ] is shown to hold if and only if (A(D)) is elliptic and canceling. Here (A(D)) is a homogeneous linear differential operator (A(D)) of order (k) on (\mathbb{R}^n) from a vector space (V) to a vector space (E). The operator (A(D)) is defined to be canceling if [\bigcap_{ξ\in \mathbb{R}^n \setminus {0}} A(ξ)[V]={0}.] This result implies in particular the classical Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality, the Korn-Sobolev inequality and Hodge-Sobolev estimates for differential forms due to J. Bourgain and H. Brezis. In the proof, the class of cocanceling homogeneous linear differential operator (L(D)) of order (k) on (\mathbb{R}^n) from a vector space (E) to a vector space (F) is introduced. It is proved that (L(D)) is cocanceling if and only if for every (f \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^n; E)) such that (L(D)f=0), one has (f \in \dot{W}^{-1, n/(n-1)}(\mathbb{R}^n; E)). The results extend to fractional and Lorentz spaces and can be strengthened using some tools of J. Bourgain and H. Brezis.
description: 40 pages, incorporated corrections suggested by the referee
On Describing the Routing Capacity Regions of Networks
Creators: name: Kakhbod, Ali
name: Yazdi, S. M. Sadegh Tabatabaei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The routing capacity region of networks with multiple unicast sessions can be characterized using Farkas' lemma as an infinite set of linear inequalities. In this paper this result is sharpened by exploiting properties of the solution satisfied by each rate-tuple on the boundary of the capacity region, and a finite description of the routing capacity region which depends on network parameters is offered. For the special case of undirected ring networks additional results on the complexity of the description are provided.
Understanding Teacher Perspectives and Experiences after Deployment of AI Literacy Curriculum in Middle-school Classrooms
Creators: name: Ravi, Prerna
name: Broski, Annalisa
name: Stump, Glenda
name: Abelson, Hal
name: Klopfer, Eric
name: Breazeal, Cynthia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its associated applications are ubiquitous in today's world, making it imperative that students and their teachers understand how it works and the ramifications arising from its usage. In this study, we investigate the experiences of seven teachers following their implementation of modules from the MIT RAICA (Responsible AI for Computational Action) curriculum. Through semi-structured interviews, we investigated their instructional strategies as they engaged with the AI curriculum in their classroom, how their teaching and learning beliefs about AI evolved with the curriculum as well as how those beliefs impacted their implementation of the curriculum. Our analysis suggests that the AI modules not only expanded our teachers' knowledge in the field, but also prompted them to recognize its daily applications and their ethical and societal implications, so that they could better engage with the content they deliver to students. Teachers were able to leverage their own interdisciplinary backgrounds to creatively introduce foundational AI topics to students to maximize engagement and playful learning. Our teachers advocated their need for better external support when navigating technological resources, additional time for preparation given the novelty of the curriculum, more flexibility within curriculum timelines, and additional accommodations for students of determination. Our findings provide valuable insights for enhancing future iterations of AI literacy curricula and teacher professional development (PD) resources.
description: Published at 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI) 2023
title:   Enabling DApps Data Exchange with Hardware-Assisted Secure Oracle Network
Creators: name: Li, Yue
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 2
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology

description: Decentralized applications (dApps), enabled by the blockchain and smart contract technology, are known for allowing distrustful parties to execute business logic without relying on a central authority. Compared to regular applications, dApps offer a wide range of benefits, including security by design, trustless transactions, and resistance to censorship. However, dApps need to access real-world data to achieve their full potential, relying on the data oracles. Oracles act as bridges between blockchains and the outside world, providing essential data to the smart contracts that power dApps. A significant challenge in integrating oracles into the dApp ecosystem is the Oracle Problem, which arises from the difficulty of securely and reliably providing off-chain data to smart contracts. Trust issues, centralization risks, and data manipulation are some concerns of the Oracle Problem. Addressing these challenges is vital for the continued growth and success of dApps.

In this paper, we propose DEXO, a novel decentralized oracle mechanism designed to tackle the oracle problem by leveraging the power of Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) and secure attestation mechanisms. DEXO aims to provide a more transparent, decentralized, and trustworthy solution for incorporating external data into dApps, ensuring that the data originates from regular, trustworthy dApp users. By empowering dApp users and developers to contribute diverse data types, DEXO fosters a more dynamic and enriched ecosystem. The proposed DEXO network not only addresses the challenges posed by the Oracle Problem but also encourages greater trust and confidence in the data provided to dApps, ultimately enhancing the overall user experience and promoting further growth in the decentralized application space.
description: 2023 Yue Li
Curved A-infinity algebras and Landau-Ginzburg models
Creators: name: Caldararu, Andrei
name: Tu, Junwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E45, 13D09, 81T30, 55P10

description: We study the Hochschild homology and cohomology of curved A-infinity algebras that arise in the study of Landau-Ginzburg (LG) models in physics. We show that the ordinary Hochschild homology and cohomology of these algebras vanish. To correct this we introduce modified versions of these theories, Borel-Moore Hochschild homology and compactly supported Hochschild cohomology. For LG models the new invariants yield the answer predicted by physics, shifts of the Jacobian ring. We also study the relationship between graded LG models and the geometry of hypersurfaces. We prove that Orlov's derived equivalence descends from an equivalence at the differential graded level, so in particular the CY/LG correspondence is a dg equivalence. This leads us to study the equivariant Hochschild homology of orbifold LG models. The results we get can be seen as noncommutative analogues of the Lefschetz hyperplane and Griffiths transversality theorems.
description: Published version, 42pp, LaTeX
Differential Calculus over Graded Commutative Algebras and Vector Bundles with Inner Structures
Creators: name: Kryczka, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 58A99, 53A55, 53C99, Secondary 13N99, 53C80, 55R15

description: In this note we highlight a common origin for many ubiquitous geometric structures, as well as several new ones by using only the functors of differential calculus in A.M Vinogradov's original sense, adapted to special classes of (graded) commutative algebras. Special attention is given to the particularly simple cases of diole and triole algebras and we show the latter environment is the appropriate one to describe calculus in vector bundles in the presence of a vector-valued fiber metric.
description: 16 pages
Family socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors, and oral health in children and adolescents
Creators: name: Gazzaz, Arwa Zohair
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Socioeconomic status (SES)- and disability-based inequalities in oral health are well documented, but the pathways underlying these relationships are not fully understood. To understand these pathways, this dissertation includes three research projects focusing on psychosocial factors and their associations with oral health inequalities in children and adolescents. Several hypotheses guided by the Stress Process Model were tested using data from nationally representative Canadian and United States (US) surveys. The first study analyzed the 2012 US National Survey of Children Health (NSCH) (n=21,596 children and n=23,584 adolescents) and found that (a) parents with lower income and lower educational levels reported greater parenting stress; (b) parenting stress was associated with worse child oral health, but not child preventive dental visits; and (c) child/adolescent age-related differences were observed in the association between household SES and parenting stress, but not in the association between parenting stress and child oral health-related outcomes. The second study analyzed data from the Canadian 2014 Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study (n=20,357 adolescents) and revealed the following: (a) adolescents from lower affluence families were less likely to have family and peer social support, (b) family social support was associated with lower probability of oral health-risk behaviours, and (c) peer social support was associated with frequent toothbrushing and high sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. The third study analyzed the US NSCH (n=27,874 children and n=31,328 adolescents) and showed that (a) parents of children and adolescents with (versus without) special health care needs were more likely to report high parenting stress and low social support (instrumental or emotional), (b) parental instrumental social support was associated with unmet child dental needs, and (c) parental instrumental social support mitigated some of the negative associations between parenting stress and child dental care. Altogether, these studies highlight the importance of the interplay between social and psychosocial factors on the oral health of children and adolescents. The findings contribute to knowledge gaps for understanding oral health inequalities, such as the importance of family and peer support in promoting oral health behaviours and the broader role of parental psychosocial factors in shaping oral health inequalities.
Damage GAN: A Generative Model for Imbalanced Data
Creators: name: Anaissi, Ali
name: Jia, Yuanzhe
name: Braytee, Ali
name: Naji, Mohamad
name: Alyassine, Widad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study delves into the application of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) within the context of imbalanced datasets. Our primary aim is to enhance the performance and stability of GANs in such datasets. In pursuit of this objective, we introduce a novel network architecture known as Damage GAN, building upon the ContraD GAN framework which seamlessly integrates GANs and contrastive learning. Through the utilization of contrastive learning, the discriminator is trained to develop an unsupervised representation capable of distinguishing all provided samples. Our approach draws inspiration from the straightforward framework for contrastive learning of visual representations (SimCLR), leading to the formulation of a distinctive loss function. We also explore the implementation of self-damaging contrastive learning (SDCLR) to further enhance the optimization of the ContraD GAN model. Comparative evaluations against baseline models including the deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) and ContraD GAN demonstrate the evident superiority of our proposed model, Damage GAN, in terms of generated image distribution, model stability, and image quality when applied to imbalanced datasets.
description: Accepted by AusDM 2023
Jump at the onset of saltation
Creators: name: Carneiro, M. V.
name: Pähtz, T.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal a discontinuous transition in the saturated flux for aeolian saltation by simulating explicitly particle motion in turbulent flow. The discontinuity is followed by a coexistence interval with two metastable solutions. The modification of the wind profile due to momentum exchange exhibits a second maximum at high shear strength. The saturated flux depends on the strength of the wind as $q_s=q_0+A(u_*-u_t)(u_*^2+u_t^2)$.
Supersymmetric dark energy
Creators: name: Bilic, Neven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a noninteracting supersymmetric model in de Sitter spacetime. Supersymmetry breaking induces a nonzero vacuum energy density. A short distance cut-off of the order of Planck length provides a matching between the vacuum energy density and the cosmological constant related to the de Sitter expansion parameter.
description: 10 pages, title changed, minor changes, misprints corrected, references added, presented at Balkan Summer Instute BW2011, Serbia to appear in Romanian Journal of Physics
The fairSIM project:  Structured Illumination Microscopes and Reconstruction for Video-Rate Imaging
Creators: name: Müller, Marcel
name: Markwirth, Andreas
name: Sandmeyer, Alice
name: Eynde, Robin Van Den
name: Lachetta, Mario
name: Mönkemöller, Viola
name: Hübner, Wolfgang
name: Phillips, Mick
name: Heintzmann, Rainer
name: Dobbie, Ian
name: Schermelleh, Lothar
name: Dedecker, Peter
name: Huser, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Structured Illumination Microscopy
Super-resolution Microscopy
Fluorescence Microscopy

description: Talk on the fairSIM project, given at the FOM 2019 conference in London. Slides have been converted to a "handout" style, and some unpublished data has been removed.
description: {"references": ["Gustafsson (2000) 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2000.00710.x", "Gustafsson et al. (2008) 10.1529/biophysj.107.120345", "Heintzmann, Cremer (1999) 10.1117/12.336833", "Frohn (2000, PhD thesis) 10.1117/12.336833", "Pavel K\u0159\u00ed\u017eek et al. (2016) 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv576", "Amit Lal et al. (2016) 10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2521542", "K. Wicker, R. Heintzmann, Opt. Exp. (2013), doi:10.1364/OE.21.002032", "K. O' Jolleran, M. Shaw, Biomed. Opt. Exp. (2014), doi:10.1364/BOE.5.002580", "M. Shaw, K. O' Jolleran, Optics Letters (2012), doi: 10.1364/OL.37.004603", "Hui-Wen Lu-Walther et al. (2015) 10.1088/2050-6120/3/1/014001", "Dong Li et al. (2015) 10.1126/science.aab3500", "Laurence J. Young et al. (2016) 10.3791/53988"]}
The origin of the Broad Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Czerny, Bozena
name: Hryniewicz, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although broad emission lines are the most reliable signature of the nuclear activity of a galaxy and the location of the emitting material is well measured by the reverberation method, the physical cause of the formation of the broad line region remains unclear. We attempt to place some constraints on its origin. We study the properties of the accretion disk underlying the broad line region. We find that the effective temperature at the disk radius corresponding to the location of the broad line region, as inferred from the H$β$ line, is universal in all monitored sources and equal to 1000 K. This value is close to the limiting value that permits for the existence of the dust. The likely origin of the low ionization part of the broad line region is the strong local dusty wind from the disk. This wind becomes exposed to the irradiation by the central regions when moving higher above the disk surface and subsequently behaves like a failed wind, thus leading to a local mixture of inflow and outflow. This may provide the physical explanation of the turbulence needed both to smooth the line profiles as well as provide additional mechanical heating.
description: to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The turn to sacred address in transnational HIV/AIDS writing
Creators: name: Giffen, Sheila Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The Turn to Sacred Address in Transnational HIV/AIDS Writing argues that authors from the U.S. and South Africa reach for spiritual figures in literary responses to pandemic to create space for liveability faced with death’s nearness. I show how writers respond to AIDS as a biopolitical crisis with roots in longer histories of colonial disease and racialized medicine through forms of sacred expression. Guided by anti-colonial and feminist approaches to subjectivity, politics, and power, I theorize “sacred address” as a relational scene of speech and writing that enables possibilities for life and survival from within conditions of modern biopolitical subjection. Methods of literary analysis are conditioned by frameworks of secular modernity and the AIDS pandemic is marked by troubling histories of religious stigma and violence. In these contexts, the spiritual dimensions of AIDS writing are often elided or rendered unintelligible. I propose how listening to “sacred address” can reframe our understanding of literary method, race, and sexuality in ways that are attentive to the materiality of spiritual life-worlds. In chapter one, I explore how South African writer K. Sello Duiker’s novel The Quiet Violence of Dreams (2000) attends to the psychic imprint of racial and colonial subjection through the evocation of divine cosmologies. In chapters two and three, I scrutinize the impulse to read AIDS writing as a form of truth-telling through a comparative reading of American artist and writer David Wojnarowicz and South African writer Phaswane Mpe. While Wojnarowicz’s films, photography, and writing (1989-1991) contemplate the entanglement of eroticism, spirituality, and morality, Mpe’s novel Welcome to Our Hillbrow (2001) responds to the crisis of AIDS and its silencing through a spiritual meditation on life, death, and illness. In chapter four, I show how Laguna Pueblo writer Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Almanac of the Dead (1991) casts AIDS within the evils of capitalist colonialism and imagines forms of spiritual anti-colonial dissent. In my conclusion, I analyze the Black gay poetics of Haitian American poet Assotto Saint as a queer contestation of secular modernity that threads between abjection and transcendence toward an alternative form of empowerment.
Elliptic flow and energy loss of heavy quarks in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Uphoff, Jan
name: Fochler, Oliver
name: Xu, Zhe
name: Greiner, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The space-time propagation of heavy quarks in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied within the partonic transport model Boltzmann Approach of MultiParton Scatterings (BAMPS). In this model heavy quarks interact with the partonic medium via binary scatterings. The cross sections for these interactions are calculated with leading order perturbative QCD, but feature a more precise Debye screening derived within the hard thermal loop approximation and obey the running of the coupling. Within this framework the elliptic flow and the nuclear modification factor of heavy quarks are computed for RHIC and LHC energies and compared to available experimental data. It is found that binary scatterings alone cannot reproduce the data and, therefore, radiative corrections have to be taken into account.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, more detailed discussion of LHC results added, minor modifications, version accepted for publication in PRC
SPATIAL 18 months Newsletter
Creators: name: AUSTRALO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: 📢 Exciting news! The latest SPATIAL Project newsletter 📩 is now available and it's packed with updates on the project's 18-month journey towards building a trustworthy European cybersecurity sector!

 🎥 You'll find exclusive #interviews with the project coordinators, Aaron Ding and Marcus Westberg, who share their insights on the technical advantages and ethical implications of the project's algorithmic accountability tools.

 📰 You can also catch up on published scientific publications and learn about our 🚺 #Women in Science campaign.

 Plus, there's a summary of what happened in our joint #workshop on cybersecurity and information on 🤗 our collaborators (AI-PRISM, StandICT.eu and ARCADIAN-IoT).

 Check it out now to stay up to date with all things SPATIAL!
 You can also subscribe here: https://lnkd.in/dJ29nfeD

 #SPATIALproject #cybersecurity #ArtificialIntelligence #womeninscience #collaboration
Field tests on a full-scale steel chimney subjected to vortex-induced vibrations
Creators: name: Ellingsen, Øyvind Mortveit
name: Flamand, Olivier
name: Amandolese, Xavier
name: Coiffet, Francois
name: Hémon, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Industrial chimneys, launch vehicles and stacks are examples of large diameter circular cross section structures which can be prone to cross-wind vortex-induced vibrations. VIV has been extensively studied for both fundamental and applied issues, but few documented studies concern high Reynolds number regime (over 500 000) in atmospheric turbulent wind. This paper introduces a field test on a slender light and low damped chimney designed to experience supercritical VIV at moderate wind velocity. The chimney was recently erected in a wind monitored field, near the Atlantic coast of France. The purpose of this paper is to present the first vibration results obtained during a sequential 13 days period in September 2020. A statistical analysis has been performed on the amplitude and dominant frequency responses and results are reported in term of probability distribution as a function of wind speed and direction. VIV events of low (under 15 % of diameter) to moderate amplitude (over 30 % of diameter) have been highlighted in a range of wind velocity 25 % lower than expected, along with significant influence of the wind direction. Low turbulent easterly wind giving vortex induced vibrations with the highest amplitude.
Hidden figures : an untold story of the impact of postnatal multiple micronutrient deficiencies on host phenome and gut microbiome
Creators: name: Littlejohn, Paula T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Worldwide, approximately 340 million children, 50% of children < 5 years old, suffer from multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Termed “hidden hunger,” micronutrient deficiencies are silent contributors to death and disease burden. While vulnerability to micronutrient deficiencies remains throughout life, considerable evidence shows that early-life nutritional insults increase disease risk later in life through various mechanisms, including the gut microbiome, epigenetic modulation, and metabolic programming. This is expected, as the first 1000 days (first 2 years of life) is a critical period of host development and coincides with the assembly and maturation of the gut microbiome. The global malnutrition literature lacks relevant biological models to investigate the impact of early life micronutrient deficiencies and methods to study the long-term effects. To address this gap, we created a novel multiple micronutrient deficient murine model to characterize the host phenome, set of phenotypes expressed by an organism, tissue, cell, or organ, and the gut microbiome. I further developed this model to investigate the long-term effects of postnatal micronutrient deficiency exposure in a condition known as the double burden of malnutrition. We used weanling C57Bl/6N mice fed an experimental control or a multiple low-micronutrient diet deficient in (vitamin A, B12, B9, zinc, and iron) for 4-weeks. In the second experiment, at the end of 4-weeks, mice were challenged with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Characterization of the host phenome within growth, metabolism, and methylome domains revealed significant stunting, altered body composition, and lipid profile and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Metagenomics sequencing of the microbiome showed significant dysbiosis driven by an expansion of relative and absolute (10¹⁰ CFU) abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, namely Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Despite the lack of antibiotic exposure, we observed significant expansion in antibiotic resistance mechanisms, namely efflux pumps, degradation enzymes, permeability, target site, and antibiotic resistance genes at 4-weeks. Moreover, postnatally micronutrient deficient mice later exposed to a high-fat diet had greater glucose intolerance and insulin resistance than control mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings highlight several unappreciated roles of postnatal multiple micronutrient deficiencies in the global threat of antibiotic resistance dissemination and the risk of non-communicable disease in low-to-mid-income countries.
Arithmetic Moduli and Lifting of Enriques Surfaces
Creators: name: Liedtke, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct the moduli space of Enriques surfaces in positive characteristic and eventually over the integers, and determine its local and global structure. As an application, we show lifting of Enriques surfaces to characteristic zero. The key observation is that the canonical double cover of an Enriques surface is birational to the complete intersection of three quadrics in IP^5, even in characteristic 2.
description: 32 pages; the section on moduli spaces is completely rewritten
Operationalizing Assurance Cases for Data Scientists: A Showcase of Concepts and Tooling in the Context of Test Data Quality for Machine Learning
Creators: name: Jöckel, Lisa
name: Kläs, Michael
name: Groß, Janek
name: Gerber, Pascal
name: Scholz, Markus
name: Eberle, Jonathan
name: Teschner, Marc
name: Seifert, Daniel
name: Hawkins, Richard
name: Molloy, John
name: Ottnad, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assurance Cases (ACs) are an established approach in safety engineering to argue quality claims in a structured way. In the context of quality assurance for Machine Learning (ML)-based software components, ACs are also being discussed and appear promising. Tools for operationalizing ACs do exist, yet mainly focus on supporting safety engineers on the system level. However, assuring the quality of an ML component within the system is commonly the responsibility of data scientists, who are usually less familiar with these tools. To address this gap, we propose a framework to support the operationalization of ACs for ML components based on technologies that data scientists use on a daily basis: Python and Jupyter Notebook. Our aim is to make the process of creating ML-related evidence in ACs more effective. Results from the application of the framework, documented through notebooks, can be integrated into existing AC tools. We illustrate the application of the framework on an example excerpt concerned with the quality of the test data.
description: Accepted for publication at International Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement (Profes 2023), https://conf.researchr.org/home/profes-2023
Market Potential for Short-Take-Off-And-Landing (STOL) Aircraft in the United States, 1965-1985
Creators: name: Boszormenyi, Laszlo
name: Boszormenyi, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 7th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Dec. 27-29, 1966, San Francisco, CA
Implications of the Cosmic Ray Electron Spectrum and Anisotropy measured with Fermi-LAT
Creators: name: Di Bernardo, Giuseppe
name: Evoli, Carmelo
name: Gaggero, Daniele
name: Grasso, Dario
name: Maccione, Luca
name: Mazziotta, Mario Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) collaboration recently released the updated results of the measurement of the cosmic ray electron (CRE) spectrum and published its first constraints on the CRE anisotropy. With respect to the previous Fermi-LAT results, the CRE spectrum measurement was extended down from 20 to 7 GeV, thus providing a better lever arm to discriminate theoretical models. Here we show that the new data strengthen the evidence for the presence of two distinct electron and positron spectral components. Furthermore, we show that under such hypothesis most relevant CRE and positron data sets are remarkably well reproduced. Consistent fits of cosmic-ray nuclei and antiproton data, which are crucial to validate the adopted propagation setup(s) and to fix the solar modulation potential, are obtained for the Kraichnan and plain-diffusion propagation setups, while the Kolmogorov one is disfavored. We then confirm that nearby pulsars are viable source candidates of the required $e^\pm$ extra-component. In that case, we show that the predicted CRE anisotropy is compatible with Fermi-LAT constraints and that a positive detection should be at hand of that observatory. Models assuming that only nearby supernova remnants contribute to the high energy tail of the observed CRE spectrum are in contrast with anisotropy limits.
description: 23 pages, 22 figures. Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics. Some of the results presented in this paper have been derived with the DRAGON package which is now public at the website: http://www.desy.de/~maccione/DRAGON/