cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical bleaching front in bedrock revealed by spatially-resolved infrared photoluminescence
Creators: name: Sellwood, E. L.
name: Guralnik, B.
name: Kook, M.
name: Prasad, A. K.
name: Sohbati, R.
name: Hippe, Kristina
name: Wallinga, J.
name: Jain, M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: optically stimulated luminescence
subject: rock surface dating
subject: luminescence imaging technique
subject: bedrock
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediment, based on the accumulation of trapped charge in natural crystals since their last exposure to daylight, has revolutionised our understanding of the late Quaternary period. Recently, a complementary technique called luminescence rock surface dating (RSD), which uses differential spatial eviction of trapped charges in rocks exposed to daylight, has been developed to derive exposure and burial ages, and hard-rock erosion rates. In its current form, the RSD technique suffers from labour intensive sample preparation, uncertainties in the depth and dose rate estimates, and poor resolution of the luminescence-depth profile. Here, we develop a novel, 2D luminescence imaging technique for RSD of large rock slabs (3 × 5 cm) to overcome these challenges. We utilize the recently discovered infrared photoluminescence (IRPL) signal for direct, non-destructive imaging of the luminescence-depth profile in a sub-aerially exposed granitic rock, with an unprecedented spatial resolution of ~140 µm. We further establish a correlation between luminescence and geochemistry using micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) spectroscopy. Our study promises a substantial advancement in luminescence imaging and paves the path towards novel applications using 2D dating, micro-dosimetry in mixed composition samples, and portable instrumentation for in-situ luminescence measurements.
Combatting Human Trafficking in the Cyberspace: A Natural Language Processing-Based Methodology to Analyze the Language in Online Advertisements
Creators: name: Perez, Alejandro Rodriguez
name: Rivas, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.5.4; K.4.1; K.4.2
subject: 68T50, 62H30, 91C99, 68T068T50, 62H30, 91C99, 68T01

description: This project tackles the pressing issue of human trafficking in online C2C marketplaces through advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. We introduce a novel methodology for generating pseudo-labeled datasets with minimal supervision, serving as a rich resource for training state-of-the-art NLP models. Focusing on tasks like Human Trafficking Risk Prediction (HTRP) and Organized Activity Detection (OAD), we employ cutting-edge Transformer models for analysis. A key contribution is the implementation of an interpretability framework using Integrated Gradients, providing explainable insights crucial for law enforcement. This work not only fills a critical gap in the literature but also offers a scalable, machine learning-driven approach to combat human exploitation online. It serves as a foundation for future research and practical applications, emphasizing the role of machine learning in addressing complex social issues.
Population size bias in Diffusion Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Boninsegni, Massimo
name: Moroni, Saverio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size of the population of random walkers required to obtain converged estimates in DMC increases dramatically with system size. We illustrate this by comparing ground state energies of small clusters of parahydrogen (up to 48 molecules) computed by Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) and Path Integral Ground State (PIGS) techniques. We contend that the bias associated to a finite population of walkers is the most likely cause of quantitative numerical discrepancies between PIGS and DMC energy estimates reported in the literature, for this few-body Bose system. We discuss the viability of DMC as a general-purpose ground state technique, and argue that PIGS, and even finite temperature methods, enjoy more favorable scaling, and are therefore a superior option for systems of large size.
description: Seven pages, four figures
G. Melville, J. Oberste (Hg.), Die Bettelorden im Aufbau. Beiträge zu Institutionalisierungsprozessen im mittelalterlichen Religiosentum 1999
Creators: name: Böhringer, Letha
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 29 Nr. 1 (2002)
Les fortifications dans les domaines Plantagenêt XIIe–XIVe siècles. Actes du Colloque international tenu à Poitiers du 11 au 13 novembre 1994. Sous la direction de M.-P. Baudry, 2000
Creators: name: Roschek, Petra
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 29 Nr. 1 (2002)
Height of walks with resets, the Moran model, and the discrete Gumbel distribution
Creators: name: Aguech, Rafik
name: Althagafi, Asma
name: Banderier, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we consider several models of random walks in one or several dimensions, additionally allowing, at any unit of time, a reset (or "catastrophe") of the walk with probability $q$. We establish the distribution of the final altitude. We prove algebraicity of the generating functions of walks of bounded height $h$ (showing in passing the equivalence between Lagrange interpolation and the kernel method). To get these generating functions, our approach offers an algorithm of cost $O(1)$, instead of cost $O(h^3)$ if a Markov chain approach would be used. The simplest nontrivial model corresponds to famous dynamics in population genetics: the Moran model. We prove that the height of these Moran walks asymptotically follows a discrete Gumbel distribution. For $q=1/2$, this generalizes a model of carry propagation over binary numbers considered e.g. by von Neumann and Knuth. For generic $q$, using a Mellin transform approach, we show that the asymptotic height exhibits fluctuations for which we get an explicit description (and, in passing, new bounds for the digamma function). We end by showing how to solve multidimensional generalizations of these walks (where any subset of particles is attributed a different probability of dying) and we give an application to the soliton wave model.
Fine-grained uncertainty relation and biased non-local games in bipartite and tripartite systems
Creators: name: Dey, Ansuman
name: Pramanik, T.
name: Majumdar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fine-grained uncertainty relation can be used to discriminate among classical, quantum and super-quantum correlations based on their strength of nonlocality, as has been shown for bipartite and tripartite systems with unbiased measurement settings. Here we consider the situation when two and three parties, respectively, choose settings with bias for playing certain non-local games. We show analytically that while the fine-grained uncertainty principle is still able to distinguish classical, quantum and super-quantum correlations for biased settings corresponding to certain ranges of the biasing parameters, the above-mentioned discrimination is not manifested for all biasing.
description: 6 pages, Accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Multiple b-jets Reveal Top Super-partners and the 125 GeV Higgs
Creators: name: Berenstein, David
name: Liu, Tao
name: Perkins, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that in supersymmetry (SUSY) with relatively light top superpartners, h -> bb can be a very promising channel to discover the SM-like Higgs resonance at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), although in general contexts it is thought to be challenging because of its huge QCD background. In this scenario, the SM-like Higgs boson is mainly produced via cascade decays initiated by pair-produced stop or sbottom squarks. The good sensitivity to h -> bb owes a great deal to the application of multiple (>= 4) b-jet tagging in removing the QCD background, and color-flow variables for reconstructing the Higgs resonance. We show in two benchmark points that a SM-like Higgs resonance can be discovered at the 14 TeV LHC (with a signal-to-background ratio as high as 0.35), with ~< 40/fb of data. Potentially, this strategy can be also applied to non-SUSY theories with cascade decays of top partners for the SM-like Higgs search, such as little Higgs, composite Higgs, and Randall-Sundrum models.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; final version for Phys. Rev. D
Validation of the $^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ Ground-State Molecular Structure Using $^{10}\mathrm{Be}(p,pα)^{6}\mathrm{He}$ Triple Differential Reaction Cross-Section Measurements
Creators: name: Li, P. J.
name: Beaumel, D.
name: Lee, J.
name: Assié, M.
name: Chen, S.
name: Franchoo, S.
name: Gibelin, J.
name: Hammache, F.
name: Harada, T.
name: Kanada-En'yo, Y.
name: Kubota, Y.
name: Leblond, S.
name: Liang, P. F.
name: Lokotko, T.
name: Lyu, M.
name: Marqués, F. M.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Ogata, K.
name: Otsu, H.
name: Rindel, E.
name: Stuhl, L.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Togano, Y.
name: Tomai, T.
name: Xu, X. X.
name: Yoshida, K.
name: Zenihiro, J.
name: Achouri, N. L.
name: Aumann, T.
name: Baba, H.
name: Cardella, G.
name: Ceruti, S.
name: Stefanescu, A. I.
name: Corsi, A.
name: Frotscher, A.
name: Gao, J.
name: Gillibert, A.
name: Inaba, K.
name: Isobe, T.
name: Kawabata, T.
name: Kitamura, N.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Kondo, Y.
name: Kurihara, A.
name: Liu, H. N.
name: Miki, H.
name: Nakamura, T.
name: Obertelli, A.
name: Orr, N. A.
name: Panin, V.
name: Sasano, M.
name: Shimada, T.
name: Sun, Y. L.
name: Tanaka, J.
name: Trache, L.
name: Tudor, D.
name: Uesaka, T.
name: Wang, H.
name: Yamada, H.
name: Yang, Z. H.
name: Yasuda, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cluster structure of the neutron-rich isotope $^{10}$Be has been probed via the $(p,pα)$ reaction at 150 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics and in quasifree conditions. The populated states of $^{6}$He residues were investigated through missing mass spectroscopy. The triple differential cross-section for the ground-state transition was extracted for quasifree angle pairs ($θ_{p}$, $θ_α$) and compared to distorted-wave impulse approximation reaction calculations performed in a microscopic framework using successively the Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-Röpke product wave-function and the wave-function deduced from Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics calculations. The remarkable agreement between calculated and measured cross-sections in both shape and magnitude validates the molecular structure description of the $^{10}$Be ground-state, configured as an $α$-$α$ core with two valence neutrons occupying $π$-type molecular orbitals.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 tables
Silence as a way of niche adaptation: mecC-MRSA with variations in the accessory gene regulator (agr) functionality express kaleidoscopic phenotypes
Creators: name: Huber, Charlotte
name: Stamm, Ivonne
name: Ziebuhr, Wilma
name: Marincola, Gabriella
name: Bischoff, Markus
name: Strommenger, Birgit
name: Jaschkowitz, Greta
name: Marciniak, Tessa
name: Cuny, Christiane
name: Lübke-Becker, Antina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: resistant staphylococcus-aureus
subject: virulence determinants
subject: methicillin resistance
subject: molecular-mechanisms
subject: rabbit model
subject: identification
subject: evolution
subject: strains
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Functionality of the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing system is an important factor promoting either acute or chronic infections by the notorious opportunistic human and veterinary pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Spontaneous alterations of the agr system are known to frequently occur in human healthcare-associated S. aureus lineages. However, data on agr integrity and function are sparse regarding other major clonal lineages. Here we report on the agr system functionality and activity level in mecC-carrying methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) of various animal origins (n = 33) obtained in Europe as well as in closely related human isolates (n = 12). Whole genome analysis assigned all isolates to four clonal complexes (CC) with distinct agr types (CC599 agr I, CC49 agr II, CC130 agr III and CC1943 agr IV). Agr functionality was assessed by a combination of phenotypic assays and proteome analysis. In each CC, isolates with varying agr activity levels were detected, including the presence of completely non-functional variants. Genomic comparison of the agr I-IV encoding regions associated these phenotypic differences with variations in the agrA and agrC genes. The genomic changes were detected independently in divergent lineages, suggesting that agr variation might foster viability and adaptation of emerging MRSA lineages to distinct ecological niches.
Time-of-flight discrimination between gamma-rays and neutrons by neural networks
Creators: name: Akkoyun, Serkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In gamma-ray spectroscopy, a number of neutrons are emitted from the nuclei together with the gamma-rays and these neutrons influence gamma-ray spectra. An obvious method of separating between neutrons and gamma-rays is based on the time-of-flight (tof) technique. This work aims obtaining tof distributions of gamma-rays and neutrons by using feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN). It was shown that, ANN can correctly classify gamma-ray and neutron events. Testing of trained networks on experimental data clearly shows up tof discrimination of gamma-rays and neutrons.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Selenium isotope evidence for pulsed flow of oxidative slab fluids
Creators: name: König, S.
name: Rosca, C.
name: Kurzawa, T.
name: Varas-Reus, M. I.
name: Dragovic, B.
name: Schoenberg, R.
name: John, Timm
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: selenium isotopes
subject: sulfur
subject: sulfides
subject: recycling
subject: subduction
subject: redox
subject: slab fluids
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Isotope systematics of the redox sensitive and chalcophile element selenium (Se) were investigated on exhumed parts of subducted oceanic lithosphere to provide new constraints on slab dehydration conditions during subduction. The samples c,, show increasing delta(82/76)Se(NIST3149 )with higher abundances of fluid mobile elements, comprising a larger range (-1.89 to +0.48 parts per thousand) than that of mantle (-0.13 +/- 0.12 parts per thousand) and altered ocean crust (-0.35 to -0.07 parts per thousand). Our data point to pronounced, local scale redox variations within the subducting crust, wherein oxidative fluids dissolve sulfides and mobilise oxidised Se species. Subsequently recrystallising sulfides preferentially incorporate isotopically lighter, reduced Se, which shifts evolving fluids and late stage sulfides to higher delta Se-82/76(NIST3149). Redistribution of Se by repeated cydes of sulfide reworking within the subducted crust can be reconciled with episodes of oxidised fluid pulses from underlying slab mantle in modem subduction zones.
G/G gauged WZW model and Bethe Ansatz for the phase model
Creators: name: Okuda, Satoshi
name: Yoshida, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the G/G gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten model on a Riemann surface from the point of view of the algebraic Bethe Ansatz for the phase model. After localization procedure is applied to the G/G gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten model, the diagonal components for group elements satisfy Bethe Ansatz equations for the phase model. We show that the partition function of the G/G gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten model is identified as the summation of norms with respect to all the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with the fixed number of particles in the phase model. We also consider relations between the Chern-Simons theory on $S^1\timesΣ_h$ and the phase model.
description: 15 pages.v2: published version
Effect of rainbow function on the structural properties of dark energy star
Creators: name: Tudeshki, A. Bagheri
name: Bordbar, G. H.
name: Panah, B. Eslam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Confirming the existence of compact objects with a mass greater than $2.5M_{\odot}$ by observational results such as GW190814 makes that is possible to provide theories to justify these observational results using modified gravity. This motivates us to use gravity's rainbow, which is the appropriate case for dense objects, to investigate the dark energy star structure as a suggested alternative case to the mass gap between neutron stars and black holes in the perspective of quantum gravity. Hence, in the present work, we derive the modified hydrostatic equilibrium equation for an anisotropic fluid, represented by the extended Chaplygin equation of state in gravity's rainbow. Then, for two isotropic and anisotropic cases, using the numerical solution, we obtain energy-dependent maximum mass and its corresponding radius, and the other properties of the dark energy star including the pressure, energy density, stability, etc. In the following, using the observational data, we compare the obtained results in two frameworks of general relativity and gravity's rainbow.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
The Heliosphere---Blowing in the Interstellar Wind
Creators: name: Frisch, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the velocity of interstellar HeI inside of the heliosphere have been conducted over the past forty years. These historical data suggest that the ecliptic longitude of the direction of the interstellar flow has increased at an average rate of about 0.19 degrees per year over time. Possible astronomical explanations for these short-term variations in the interstellar gas entering the heliosphere are presented.
description: Accepted for the proceedings of Solar Wind 13
Indeterminacies and mismatches in grammatical systems
Creators: name: Struckmeier, Volker
name: Pankau, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: components of grammar
subject: functionalism
subject: generative grammar
subject: typology
subject: mismatches
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::415 Grammatik

description: This introduction proposes to investigate mismatches and indeterminacies in languages much more than has hitherto been done. Such seemingly unruly aspects of language(s), it is argued, are interesting since they may help shed light on the internal make-up of grammatical systems. The question of the internal make-up of grammar(s), it is argued, cannot be addressed by the normal modus operandi of linguistic research, which is to find matches (rather than mismatches) between the observable (sound and meaning) interface systems, and to find how the interface representations map unto each other deterministically: It is only in the "lo-fi" aspects of mappings that the internal mechanisms of the overall grammatical architecture may reveal themselves. The introduction also points out that our concern is independent of the various theoretical orientations linguists may choose for their work, since the problem presents itself in all approaches to language research currently available, it seems - if in slightly different ways. We propose, in sum, that mismatches and indeterminacies are an extremely worthwhile field for future linguistic research, and one that should be on the agenda (or minimally, within the field of view) for linguists of all theoretical convictions.
On differentiability with respect to the initial data of a solution of an SDE with Lévy noise and discontinuous coefficients
Creators: name: Aryasova, Olga V.
name: Pilipenko, Andrey Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J65, 60H10

description: We construct a stochastic flow generated by an SDE with Lévy noise and a drift coefficient being a function of bounded variation on R. It is proved that this flow is non-coalescing and Sobolev differentiable with respect to initial data. The representation for the derivative is given.
description: 10 pages
Endogenization and excision of human herpesvirus 6 in human genomes
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoxi
name: Kosugi, Shunichi
name: Koide, Rie
name: Kawamura, Yoshiki
name: Ito, Jumpei
name: Miura, Hiroki
name: Matoba, Nana
name: Matsuzaki, Motomichi
name: Fujita, Masashi
name: Aswad, Amr
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: DNA
subject: association
subject: telomeres
subject: transmission
subject: integration
subject: infections
subject: HHV-6A
subject: RNAs
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Sequences homologous to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) are integrated within the nuclear genome of about 1% of humans, but it is not clear how this came about. It is also uncertain whether integrated HHV-6 can reactive into an infectious virus. HHV-6 integrates into telomeres, and this has recently been associated with polymorphisms affecting MOV10L1. MOV10L1 is located on the subtelomere of chromosome 22q (chr22q) and is required to make PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). As piRNAs block germline integration of transposons, piRNA-mediated repression of HHV-6 integration has been proposed to explain this association.In vitro, recombination of the HHV-6 genome along its terminal direct repeats (DRs) leads to excision from the telomere and viral reactivation, but the expected "solo-DR scar" has not been describedin vivo. Here we screened for integrated HHV-6 in 7,485 Japanese subjects using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Integrated HHV-6 was associated with polymorphisms on chr22q. However, in contrast to prior work, we find that the reported MOV10L1 polymorphism is physically linked to an ancient endogenous HHV-6A variant integrated into the telomere of chr22q in East Asians. Unexpectedly, an HHV-6B variant has also endogenized in chr22q; two endogenous HHV-6 variants at this locus thus account for 72% of all integrated HHV-6 in Japan. We also report human genomes carrying only one portion of the HHV-6B genome, a solo-DR, supporting in vivo excision and possible viral reactivation. Together these results explain the recently-reported association between integrated HHV-6 and MOV10L1/piRNAs, suggest potential exaptation of HHV-6 in its coevolution with human chr22q, and clarify the evolution and risk of reactivation of the only intact (non-retro)viral genome known to be present in human germlines.
Bulk--boundary correspondence in a non-Hermitian quantum spin-Hall insulator
Creators: name: Ishii, Chihiro
name: Takane, Yositake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on a scenario of non-Hermitian bulk--boundary correspondence that uses a topological invariant defined in a bulk geometry under a modified periodic boundary condition. Although this has succeeded in describing the topological nature of various one-dimensional non-Hermitian systems, its application to two-dimensional systems has been limited to a non-Hermitian Chern insulator. Here, we adapt the scenario to a non-Hermitian quantum spin-Hall insulator to extend its applicability. We show that it properly describes the bulk--boundary correspondence in the non-Hermitian quantum spin-Hall insulator. A phase diagram derived from the bulk--boundary correspondence is shown to be consistent with spectra of the system under an open boundary condition.
description: 11 pages, 21 figures
A comparison of long-term trends in observations and emission inventories of NOx
Creators: name: Macdonald, Elena
name: Otero, Noelia
name: Butler, Tim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: air pollution
subject: comparison
subject: observations
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::350 Öffentliche Verwaltung, Militärwissenschaft::354 Verwaltung von Wirtschaft und Umwelt

description: Air pollution is a pressing issue that is associated with adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. Despite many years of effort to improve air quality, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) limit values are still regularly exceeded in Europe, particularly in cities and along streets. This study explores how concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in European urban areas have changed over the last decades and how this relates to changes in emissions. To do so, the incremental approach was used, comparing urban increments (i.e. urban background minus rural concentrations) to total emissions, and roadside increments (i.e. urban roadside concentrations minus urban background concentrations) to traffic emissions. In total, nine European cities were assessed. The study revealed that potentially confounding factors like the impact of urban pollution at rural monitoring sites through atmospheric transport are generally negligible for NOx. The approach proves therefore particularly useful for this pollutant. The estimated urban increments all showed downward trends, and for the majority of the cities the trends aligned well with the total emissions. However, it was found that factors like a very densely populated surrounding or local emission sources in the rural area such as shipping traffic on inland waterways restrict the application of the approach for some cities. The roadside increments showed an overall very diverse picture in their absolute values and trends and also in their relation to traffic emissions. This variability and the discrepancies between roadside increments and emissions could be attributed to a combination of local influencing factors at the street level and different aspects introducing inaccuracies to the trends of the emis-sion inventories used, including deficient emission factors. Applying the incremental approach was evaluated as useful for long-term pan-European studies, but at the same time it was found to be restricted to certain regions and cities due to data availability issues. The results also highlight that using emission inventories for the prediction of future health impacts and compliance with limit values needs to consider the distinct variability in the concentrations not only across but also within cities.
Correspondence between Skyrmions in 2+1 and 3+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lump (2D Skyrmion) can be constructed as a sine-Gordon kink (1D Skyrmion) inside a domain wall in the massive O(3) sigma model. In this paper, we discuss relations between Skyrmions in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions. We first construct a Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield 3D Skyrmion as a lump inside a non-Abelian domain wall in an O(4) sigma model with a potential term admitting two discrete vacua. Next, we construct a conventional 3D Skyrmion as a baby Skyrmion in a non-Abelian domain wall in the Skyrme model with a modified mass term admitting two discrete vacua. We also construct a spinning 3D Skyrmion as a Q-lump in the non-Abelian domain wall.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, v2: typos corrected, minor changes, references added, v3: published version
Excited states in Bethe ansatz solvable models and the dressing of spin and charge
Creators: name: Quinn, Eoin
name: Frolov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general formalism for the study of excitations above equilibrium in Bethe ansatz solvable models is presented. Nonzero temperature expressions for dressed energy, momentum, spin and charge are obtained, and it is found that the dressed spin and charge are in general momentum dependent. For an electronic model one may only have spin-charge separation at zero temperature where the ground state is half-filled and has zero magnetisation. Finally, the excitations of the Hubbard-Shastry models are examined in detail.
Txm-Kurzreferenz
Creators: name: Schöch, Christof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Text Analysis
TXM
Textométrie
Documentation
Tutorial
Schulungsmaterial

description: Die vorliegende Kurzreferenz für das Textanalyse-Tool "TXM" - http://textometrie.ens-lyon.fr/ - wurde von Christof Schöch (Lehrstuhl für Computerphilologie, Universität Würzburg) erstellt.

Das Dokument kann als einführende Kurzreferenz für ein paar besonders grundlegende Funktionen von TXM dienen. Diese Kurzreferenz wendet sich an Einsteiger und kann nicht das umfangreiche Handbuch ersetzen, das man gezielt für bestimmte Fragestellungen konsultieren sollte.

Letzte Aktualisierung: 5. Juli 2014. Die Kurzreferenz wird unter folgender Adresse weiter aktualisiert: https://www.penflip.com/c.schoech/txm-kurzreferenz.
Scalar field power-law cosmology with spatial curvature and dark energy-dark matter interaction
Creators: name: Gumjudpai, Burin
name: Thepsuriya, Kiattisak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a late closed universe of which scale factor is a power function of time using observational data from combined WMAP5+BAO+SNIa dataset and WMAP5 dataset. The WMAP5 data give power-law exponent, $α= 1.01$ agreeing with the previous study of $H(z)$ data while combined data gives $α=0.985$. Considering a scalar field dark energy and dust fluid evolving in the power-law universe, we find field potential, field solution and equation of state parameters. Decaying from dark matter into dark energy is allowed in addition to the non-interaction case. Time scale characterizing domination of the kinematic expansion terms over the dust and curvature terms in the scalar field potential are found to be approximately 5.3 to 5.5 Gyr. The interaction affects in slightly lowering the height of scalar potential and slightly shifting potential curves rightwards to later time. Mass potential function of the interacting Lagrangian term is found to be exponentially decay function.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, partially overlapping with arXiv:0904.2743 [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics and Space Science, Online First
Empirical modelling of the BLASTPol achromatic half-wave plate for precision submillimetre polarimetry
Creators: name: Moncelsi, Lorenzo
name: Ade, Peter
name: Angile, Francesco Elio
name: Benton, Steven
name: Devlin, Mark
name: Fissel, Laura
name: Gandilo, Natalie
name: Gundersen, Joshua
name: Matthews, Tristan
name: Netterfield, C. Barth
name: Novak, Giles
name: Nutter, David
name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Poidevin, Frederick
name: Savini, Giorgio
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Soler, Juan
name: Spencer, Locke
name: Truch, Matthew
name: Tucker, Gregory
name: Zhang, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cryogenic achromatic half-wave plate (HWP) for submillimetre astronomical polarimetry has been designed, manufactured, tested, and deployed in the Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol). The design is based on the five-slab Pancharatnam recipe and it works in the wavelength range 200-600 micron, making it the broadest-band HWP built to date at (sub)millimetre wavelengths. The frequency behaviour of the HWP has been fully characterised at room and cryogenic temperatures with incoherent radiation from a polarising Fourier transform spectrometer. We develop a novel empirical model, complementary to the physical and analytical ones available in the literature, that allows us to recover the HWP Mueller matrix and phase shift as a function of frequency and extrapolated to 4K. We show that most of the HWP non-idealities can be modelled by quantifying one wavelength-dependent parameter, the position of the HWP equivalent axes, which is then readily implemented in a map-making algorithm. We derive this parameter for a range of spectral signatures of input astronomical sources relevant to BLASTPol, and provide a benchmark example of how our method can yield improved accuracy on measurements of the polarisation angle on the sky at submillimetre wavelengths.
description: 19 pages, 20 figures; MNRAS accepted. Pruned some introductory material; added section comparing HWP design vs as-built parameters and performance; improved discussion on phase shift
Yielding and large deviations in micellar gels: a model
Creators: name: Nandi, Saroj Kumar
name: Chakraborty, Bulbul
name: Sood, A. K.
name: Ramaswamy, Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple model to account for the rheological behavior observed in recent experiments on micellar gels. The model combines attachment-detachment kinetics with stretching due to shear, and shows well-defined jammed and flowing states. The large deviation function (LDF) for the coarse-grained velocity becomes increasingly non-quadratic as the applied force $F$ is increased, in a range near the yield threshold. The power fluctuations are found to obey a steady-state fluctuation relation (FR) at small $F$. However, the FR is violated when $F$ is near the transition from the flowing to the jammed state although the LDF still exists; the antisymmetric part of the LDF is found to be nonlinear in its argument. Our approach suggests that large fluctuations and motion in a direction opposite to an imposed force are likely to occur in a wider class of systems near yielding.
description: Submitted to J. Stat. Mech
The Challenge of Spatial Resolutions for GRACE-Based Estimates Volume Changes of Larger Man-Made Lake: The Case of China’s Three Gorges Reservoir in the Yangtze River
Creators: name: Wang, Linsong
name: Kaban, Mikhail K.
name: Thomas, Maik
name: Chen, Chao
name: Ma, Xian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: GRACE
subject: three gorges reservoir
subject: land surface models
subject: reservoir seepage
subject: anthropogenic dams
subject: in-situ measurements
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China, with the largest dam in the world, stores a large volume of water and may influence the Earth’s gravity field on sub-seasonal to interannual timescales. Significant changes of the total water storage (TWS) might be detectable by satellite-based data provided by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. To detect these store water changes, effects of other factors are to be removed first from these data due to band-limited representation of near-surface mass changes from GRACE. Here, we evaluated three current popular land surface models (LSMs) basing on in situ measurements and found that the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) demonstrates higher correlation than other analyzed models with the in-situ rainfall measurement. Then we used the WGHM outputs to remove climate-induced TWS changes, such as surface water storage, soil, canopy, snow, and groundwater storage. The residual results (GRACE minus WGHM) indicated a strong trend (3.85 ± 2 km3/yr) that is significantly higher than the TGR analysis and hindcast experiments (2.29 ± 1 km3/yr) based on in-situ water level measurements. We also estimated the seepage response to the TGR filling, contributions from other anthropogenic dams, and used in-situ gravity and GPS observations to evaluate dominant factors responsible for the GRACE-based overestimate of the TGR volume change. We found that the modeled seepage variability through coarse-grained materials explained most of the difference between the GRACE based estimate of TGR volume changes and in situ measurements, but the agreement with in-situ gravity observations is considerably lower. In contrast, the leakage contribution from 13 adjacent reservoirs explained ~74% of the TGR volume change derived from GRACE and WGHM. Our results demonstrate that GRACE-based overestimate TGR mass change mainly from the contribution of surrounding artificial reservoirs and underestimated TWS variations in WGHM simulations due to the large uncertainty of WGHM in groundwater component. In additional, this study also indicates that reservoir or lake volume changes can be reliably derived from GRACE data when they are used in combination with relevant complementary observations. View Full-Text
Modular Theory for Operator Algebra in Bounded Region of Space-Time and Quantum Entanglement
Creators: name: Ida, Daisuke
name: Okamoto, Takahiro
name: Saito, Miyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quantum state seen by an observer in the diamond-shaped region, which is a globally hyperbolic open submanifold of the Minkowski space-time. It is known from the operator-algebraic argument that the vacuum state of the quantum field transforming covariantly under the conformal group looks like a thermal state on the von Neumann algebra generated by the field operators on the diamond-shaped region of the Minkowski space-time. Here, we find, in the case of the free massless Hermitian scalar field in the 2-dimensional Minkowski space-time, that such a state can in fact be identified with a certain entangled quantum state. By doing this, we obtain the thermodynamic quantities such as the Casimir energy and the von Neumann entropy of the thermal state in the diamond-shaped region, and show that the Bekenstein bound for the entropy-to-energy ratio is saturated. We further speculate on a possible information-theoretic interpretation of the entropy in terms of the probability density functions naturally determined from the Tomita-Takesaki modular flow in the diamond-shaped region.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Disentangling limnological processes in the time‐frequency domain
Creators: name: Schmidt, Silke R.
name: Lischeid, Gunnar
name: Hintze, Thomas
name: Adrian, Rita
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: lake ecosystems
subject: limnological processes
subject: wavelet coherence
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::577 Ökologie

description: State variables in lake ecosystems are subject to processes that act on different time scales. The relative importance of each of these processes changes over time, e.g., due to varying constraints of physical, biological, and biogeochemical processes. Correspondingly, continuous automatic measurements at high temporal resolution often reveal intriguing patterns that can rarely be directly ascribed to single processes. In light of the rather complex interplay of such processes, disentangling them requires more powerful methods than researchers have applied up to this point. For this reason, we tested the potential of wavelet coherence, based on the assumption that different processes result in correlations between different variables, on different time scales and during different time windows across the seasons. The approach was tested on a set of multivariate hourly data measured between the onset of an ice cover and a cyanobacterial summer bloom in the year 2009 in the Müggelsee, a polymictic eutrophic lake. We found that processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, the growth and decay of phytoplankton biomass, dynamics in the CO2‐carbonate system, wind‐induced resuspension of particles, and vertical mixing all occasionally served as dominant drivers of the variability in our data. We therefore conclude that high‐resolution data and a method capable of analyzing time series in both the time and the frequency domain can help to enhance our understanding of the time scales and processes responsible for the high variability in driver variables and response variables, which in turn can lay the ground for mechanistic analyses.
3D Face Style Transfer with a Hybrid Solution of NeRF and Mesh Rasterization
Creators: name: Feng, Jianwei
name: Singhal, Prateek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Style transfer for human face has been widely researched in recent years. Majority of the existing approaches work in 2D image domain and have 3D inconsistency issue when applied on different viewpoints of the same face. In this paper, we tackle the problem of 3D face style transfer which aims at generating stylized novel views of a 3D human face with multi-view consistency. We propose to use a neural radiance field (NeRF) to represent 3D human face and combine it with 2D style transfer to stylize the 3D face. We find that directly training a NeRF on stylized images from 2D style transfer brings in 3D inconsistency issue and causes blurriness. On the other hand, training a NeRF jointly with 2D style transfer objectives shows poor convergence due to the identity and head pose gap between style image and content image. It also poses challenge in training time and memory due to the need of volume rendering for full image to apply style transfer loss functions. We therefore propose a hybrid framework of NeRF and mesh rasterization to combine the benefits of high fidelity geometry reconstruction of NeRF and fast rendering speed of mesh. Our framework consists of three stages: 1. Training a NeRF model on input face images to learn the 3D geometry; 2. Extracting a mesh from the trained NeRF model and optimizing it with style transfer objectives via differentiable rasterization; 3. Training a new color network in NeRF conditioned on a style embedding to enable arbitrary style transfer to the 3D face. Experiment results show that our approach generates high quality face style transfer with great 3D consistency, while also enabling a flexible style control.
The kinetic helicity needed to drive large-scale dynamos
Creators: name: Candelaresi, Simon
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic field generation on scales large compared with the scale of the turbulent eddies is known to be possible via the so-called $α$ effect when the turbulence is helical and if the domain is large enough for the $α$ effect to dominate over turbulent diffusion. Using three-dimensional turbulence simulations, we show that the energy of the resulting mean magnetic field of the saturated state increases linearly with the product of normalized helicity and the ratio of domain scale to eddy scale, provided this product exceeds a critical value of around unity. This implies that large-scale dynamo action commences when the normalized helicity is larger than the inverse scale ratio. Our results show that the emergence of small-scale dynamo action does not have any noticeable effect on the large-scale dynamo. Recent findings by Pietarila Graham et al. (2012, Phys. Rev. E85, 066406) of a smaller minimal helicity may be an artifact due to the onset of small-scale dynamo action at large magnetic Reynolds numbers. However, the onset of large-scale dynamo action is difficult to establish when the kinetic helicity is small. Instead of random forcing, they used an ABC-flow with time-dependent phases. We show that such dynamos saturate prematurely in a way that is reminiscent of inhomogeneous dynamos with internal magnetic helicity fluxes. Furthermore, even for very low fractional helicities, such dynamos display large-scale fields that change direction, which is uncharacteristic of turbulent dynamos.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures