cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exciton effective mass enhancement in coupled quantum wells in electric and magnetic fields
Creators: name: Wilkes, J.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of exciton states in semiconductor coupled quantum wells (CQWs) in the presence of electric and magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the QW plane. The exciton Schrödinger equation is solved in real space in three dimensions to obtain the Landau levels of both direct and indirect excitons. Calculation of the exciton energy levels and oscillator strengths enables mapping of the electric and magnetic field dependence of the exciton absorption spectrum. For the ground state of the system, we evaluate the Bohr radius, optical lifetime, binding energy and dipole moment. The exciton mass renormalization due to the magnetic field is calculated using a perturbative approach. We predict a non-monotonous dependence of the exciton ground state effective mass on magnetic field. Such a trend is explained in a classical picture, in terms of the ground state tending from an indirect to a direct exciton with increasing magnetic field.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
On the substrate specificity of bacterial DD-peptidases: evidence from two series of peptidoglycan-mimetic peptides
Creators: name: ANDERSON, John W.
name: NICHOLAS, Robert A.
name: NGUYEN-DISTÈCHE, Martine
name: ADEDIRAN, Suara A.
name: PRATT, Rex F.
name: FRÈRE, Jean-Marie
name: CHARLIER, Paulette
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The reactions between bacterial DD-peptidases and beta-lactam antibiotics have been studied for many years. Less well understood are the interactions between these enzymes and their natural substrates, presumably the peptide moieties of peptidoglycan. In general, remarkably little activity has previously been demonstrated in vitro against potential peptide substrates, although in many cases the peptides employed were non-specific and not homologous with the relevant peptidoglycan. In this paper, the specificity of a panel of DD-peptidases against elements of species-specific D-alanyl-D-alanine peptides has been assessed. In two cases, those of soluble, low-molecular-mass DD-peptidases, high activity against the relevant peptides has been demonstrated. In these cases, the high specificity is towards the free N-terminus of the peptidoglycan fragment. With a number of other enzymes, particularly high-molecular-mass DD-peptidases, little or no activity against these peptides was observed. In separate experiments, the reactivity of the enzymes against the central, largely invariant, peptide stem was examined. None of the enzymes surveyed showed high activity against this structural element although weak specificity in the expected direction towards the one structural variable (D-gammaGln versus D-gammaGlu) was observed. The current state of understanding of the activity of these enzymes in vitro is discussed.
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) knockout mice have hepatic steatosis and abnormal hepatic choline metabolite concentrations despite ingesting a recommended dietary intake of choline
Creators: name: EDWARDS, Lloyd J.
name: SONG, Jiannan
name: ZEISEL, Steven H.
name: MAR, Mei-Heng
name: ZHU, Xiaonan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and is derived from the diet as well as from de novo synthesis involving methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine catalysed by the enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine N -methyltransferase (PEMT). This is the only known pathway that produces new choline molecules. We used mice with a disrupted Pemt-2 gene (which encodes PEMT; Pemt (-/-)) that have previously been shown to possess no hepatic PEMT enzyme. Male, female and pregnant Pemt (-/-) and wild-type mice ( n =5-6 per diet group) were fed diets of different choline content (deficient, control, and supplemented). Livers were collected and analysed for choline metabolites, steatosis, and apoptotic [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labelling (TUNEL)] positive cells. We found that, in livers of Pemt (-/-) mice fed any of the diets, there was hepatic steatosis and significantly higher occurrence of TUNEL positive cells compared with wild-type controls. In male, female and pregnant mice, liver phosphatidylcholine concentrations were significantly decreased in Pemt (-/-) choline deficient and in Pemt (-/-) choline control groups but returned to normal in Pemt (-/-) choline supplemented groups. Phosphocholine concentrations in liver were significantly diminished in knockout mice even when choline was supplemented to above dietary requirements. These results show that PEMT normally supplies a significant portion of the daily choline requirement in the mouse and, when this pathway is knocked out, mice are unable to attain normal concentrations of all choline metabolites even with a supplemental source of dietary choline.
Association of Biomarkers with Individual and Multiple Body Sites of Pain: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Creators: name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Cleveland, R.J.
name: Kraus, V.B.
name: Hu, D.
name: Schwartz, T.A.
name: Danyluk, S.T.
name: Alvarez, C.
name: George, S.Z.
name: Goode, A.P.
name: Jordan, J.M.
name: Huebner, J.L.
name: Norman, K.S.
name: Nelson, A.E.
name: Fillipo, R.
Publisher: name: Dove Medical Press Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: Biochemical biomarkers may provide insight into musculoskeletal pain reported at individual or multiple body sites. The purpose of this study was to determine if biomarkers or pressure-pain threshold (PPT) were associated with individual or multiple sites of pain. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 689 community-based participants. Self-reported symptoms (ie, pain, aching, or stiffness) were ascertained about the neck, upper back/thoracic, low back, shoulders, elbows, wrist, hands, hips, knees, ankles, and feet. Measured analytes included CXCL-6, RANTES, HA, IL-6, BDNF, OPG and NPY. A standard dolorimeter measured PPT. Logistic regression was used determine the association between biomarkers and PPT with individual and summed sites of pain. Results: Increased IL-6 and HA were associated with knee pain (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.03, 1.64) and (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.01, 1.73) respectively; HA was also associated with elbow/wrist/hand pain (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.22, 2.09). Those with increased NPY levels were less likely to have shoulder pain (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.33, 0.93). Biomarkers HA (OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.07, 2.10), OPG (OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.00, 3.03), CXCL-6 (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.02, 3.01) and decreased PPT (OR=3.97, 95% CI 2.22, 7.12) were associated with multiple compared to no sites of pain. Biomarker HA (OR=1.57, 95% CI 1.06, 2.32) and decreased PPT (OR=3.53, 95% CI 1.81, 6.88) were associated with multiple compared to a single site of pain. Conclusion: Biomarkers of inflammation (HA, OPG, IL-6 and CXCL-6), pain (NPY) and PPT may help to understand the etiology of single and multiple pain sites.
Supercriticality conditions for asymmetric zero-range process with sitewise disorder
Creators: name: Bahadoran, C.
name: Mountford, T.
name: Ravishankar, K.
name: Saada, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60K37

description: We discuss necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of disordered asymmetric zero-range process to the critical invariant measures.
description: 28 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.4305
Selective deficiency in protein kinase C isoenzyme expression and inadequacy in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in cord blood T cells
Creators: name: MURRAY, Andrew W.
name: DER, Channing J.
name: MAYNE, George C.
name: FERRANTE, Antonio
name: HII, Charles S.T.
name: COSTABILE, Maurizio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The biochemical basis for the reduced lymphokine production by neonatal T cells compared with adult T cells remains poorly defined. Previous studies have raised the possibility that neonatal T cells could be deficient in their ability to transmit signals via protein kinase (PK) C. We now report that while PKC-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/ERK2, was deficient in cord blood T cells compared with adult blood T cells, marked activation of the MAP kinases in cord blood T cells was achieved via PKC-independent means. Consistent with a deficiency in the signalling capability of PKC, cord blood T cells were selectively deficient in the expression of PKC beta I, epsilon, theta and zeta. Stimulation of cord blood T cells resulted in a time-dependent increase in PKC expression, with increases detectable by 4 h. This was accompanied by an enhancement in MAP kinase activation via PKC-dependent means. These novel data suggest that an inadequacy in PKC-MAP kinase signalling may be responsible, at least in part, for the phenotype of cord blood T cells.
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.2.4.2: Development of communication technology
Creators: name: Ikeda, Tohru
name: Vandvik, Vigdis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.2.4.2 assesses the role of development of communication technology as drivers of biological invasions. The experts conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review consists in the main source of evidence for the section.
Protocol for the development of a core domain set for individuals with ankle osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Smith, M.D.
name: Hunter, D.J.
name: van Bergen, C.J.A.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Vicenzino, B.
name: Wikstrom, E.A.
name: Menz, H.B.
name: Alanazi, S.A.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Background: Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating health condition that is increasing in prevalence. Currently, there are no evidence-based guidelines for managing ankle OA. One of the current challenges to establishing guidelines is the lack of a widely agreed-upon set of outcome measures that are consistently used in ankle OA research. Without a set of agreed-upon outcome measures, it is difficult to synthesise clinical trial outcomes through meta-analysis—an essential element of evidence-informed practice. In order to develop an appropriate set of outcome measures for ankle OA, it is important first to develop a core domain set. In this protocol, we describe the methodological approach that we will use to develop such a core domain set for ankle OA. Methods: We established an international steering committee to guide the development of a core domain set for ankle OA. The core domain set development will follow a multi-staged approach consisting of three phases, involving participation by patients and clinicians/healthcare professionals. In phase 1, a list of candidate domains will be gleaned from (a) a scoping review of outcome measures used in ankle OA research, (b) qualitative interviews with individuals with ankle OA, and (c) qualitative interviews with healthcare professionals with expertise in ankle OA. In phase 2, the steering committee will review and generate a list of candidate domains from those gleaned in phase 1. In phase 3, this list of candidate domains will be considered in a Delphi process to reach a consensus on a core domain set. We anticipated this will involve 3 rounds of surveys. Conclusion: This protocol describes the methods that will be used to develop a core domain set of health-related aspects for ankle OA. Importantly, it will include both healthcare professional and patient involvement. This is a prerequisite step to developing a core outcome set for ankle OA that should be reported in all clinical trials for ankle OA. The findings will be widely disseminated across peer-refereed publication(s) and national and international conferences, as well as via relevant professional societies, patient support group organisations, and social media platforms. Project registration: This project is registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database on 17 March 2021. https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1837.
A membrane proximal region of the integrin alpha5 subunit is important for its interaction with nischarin
Creators: name: ALAHARI, Suresh K.
name: NASRALLAH, Hani
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: In a previous study [Alahari, Lee and Juliano (2000) J. Cell Biol. 151, 1141-1154], we have identified a novel protein, nischarin, that specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of the alpha5 integrin subunit. Overexpression of this protein profoundly affects cell migration. To examine the nischarin-alpha5 interaction in detail, and to find the minimal region required for the interaction, several mutants of nischarin and alpha5 were created. The results obtained for the yeast two-hybrid system indicate that a 99-aminoacid region of nischarin (from residues 464 to 562) is indispensable for the interaction. Also, we demonstrate that the membrane proximal region (from residues 1017 to 1030) of the alpha5 cytoplasmic tail is essential for the interaction. To characterize more directly the properties of the interaction between nischarin and alpha5, we performed surface-plasmon resonance studies in which peptides were immobilized on the surface of a sensor chip, and the recombinant nischarin protein fragments were injected. Consistent with the two-hybrid results, recombinant nischarin binds well to immobilized alpha5 peptides. In addition, mutational analysis revealed that residues Tyr(1018) and Lys(1022) are crucial for alpha5-nischarin interactions. These results provide evidence that nischarin is capable of directly and selectively binding to a portion of the alpha5 cytoplasmic domain. Further studies demonstrated that the minimal alpha5 binding region of nischarin does not affect cell migration.
Dentoalveolar changes and transverse discrepancies through the treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion in children using a twin block device
Creators: name: Achmad, Harun
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Orthodontics and Orthodontology
subject: Pediatric Dentistry and Pedodontics
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: class II division 1 malocclusion
subject: myofunctional
subject: twinblock

description: Substantial dentoalveolar changes in class II division 1 malocclusion patients after using a twin block device.
Status and Challenges of Provenance in Sri-Lankan Small Scale Tuna Industry
Creators: name: Bandara, A.M.S.M.R.S.G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70403 Fisheries Management
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: This study intended to explore the present status of provenance of export-oriented tuna value chain, to identify the challenges for provenance of small-scale tuna fish industry and to identify the potentials for a decentralized provenance mechanism. Mixed method approach was utilized by gathering quantitative data from Ceylon tuna exporting companies and qualitative data had been gathered through focus group discussions with downstream, midstream, and upstream actors. Major gap in the existing system is that there is no real time data uploading and authentication by upstream and midstream actors. The exporter dominates the traceability and authentication process lowering the credibility and increasing chances of IUU fishing, financial frauds, mislabeling, increased food miles, lower worker welfare, and quality and safety verification issues. Challenges such as lower technological literacy, unaffordability of technological instruments, unawareness of the importance of responsible fisheries, low competency and the income orientation of small-scale fishermen limited the decentralized provenance mechanism. Potentials for decentralized provenance included the demand for traceable, authenticated, and ethically sourced product from high end markets, sustainability certification, and Fisheries Improvement Projects. These certifications will make decentralized authenticated provenance mechanism a mandatory requirement.
Mamersa petrophila Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Mamersa
Mamersa petrophila

description: Mamersa petrophila Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Maharashtra—Cook (1967).
Habitat: Seepage areas.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Neurobehavioural impairments in septo-optic dysplasia and related conditions: A systematic review
Creators: name: Mann, Amy
name: Aghababaie, Arameh
name: Kalitsi, Jennifer
name: Martins, Daniel
name: Paloyelis, Yannis
name: Kapoor, Ritika
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital condition diagnosed in children with two or more of hypothalamo-pituitary axis dysfunction, midline brain abnormalities, and optic nerve hypoplasia. Autistic-like behaviours have been reported in children with SOD, however the nature of these neurobehavioural impairments remain to be fully understood. A systematic review of available published literature aimed to assess the prevalence of neurobehavioural dysfunction in SOD and the validated measures used to assess these impairments.
Single vs binary hot subdwarfs: Towards a 200-pc volume-limited complete sample
Creators: name: Silvotti, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: From current statistics, based on magnitude-limited samples, ~35% of sdO/B hot subdwarfs are in close binaries with M-dwarf/WD companions, ~30% are in wide binaries with FGK MS stars, and ~35% are apparently single. However, without a companion it is hard to explain the huge mass loss near the RGB tip needed to form an sdB star. The presence of a substellar companion, difficult to detect, is a possibility. The goal of this project is to shed light on the formation mechanisms of single sdO/B stars by searching for binary signatures on a small but complete 200-pc volume-limited sample using different data/methods: TESS light curves, Gaia spectra, SEDs, and precise RVs from HARPS/HARPS-N spectra.
Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor activity of the triple GoLoco motif protein G18: alanine-to-aspartate mutation restores function to an inactive second GoLoco motif
Creators: name: KIMPLE, Randall J.
name: WILLARD, Francis S.
name: NWEKE, Gift K.
name: SIDEROVSKI, David P.
name: HAINS, Melinda D.
name: JONES, Miller B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: GoLoco ('Galpha(i/o)-Loco' interaction) motif proteins have recently been identified as novel GDIs (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors) for heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunits. G18 is a member of the mammalian GoLoco-motif gene family and was uncovered by analyses of human and mouse genomes for anonymous open-reading frames. The encoded G18 polypeptide is predicted to contain three 19-amino-acid GoLoco motifs, which have been shown in other proteins to bind Galpha subunits and inhibit spontaneous nucleotide release. However, the G18 protein has thus far not been characterized biochemically. Here, we have cloned and expressed the G18 protein and assessed its ability to act as a GDI. G18 is capable of simultaneously binding more than one Galpha(i1) subunit. In binding assays with the non-hydrolysable GTP analogue guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, G18 exhibits GDI activity, slowing the exchange of GDP for GTP by Galpha(i1). Only the first and third GoLoco motifs within G18 are capable of interacting with Galpha subunits, and these bind with low micromolar affinity only to Galpha(i1) in the GDP-bound form, and not to Galpha(o), Galpha(q), Galpha(s) or Galpha12. Mutation of Ala-121 to aspartate in the inactive second GoLoco motif of G18, to restore the signature acidic-glutamine-arginine tripeptide that forms critical contacts with Galpha and its bound nucleotide [Kimple, Kimple, Betts, Sondek and Siderovski (2002) Nature (London) 416, 878-881], results in gain-of-function with respect to Galpha binding and GDI activity.
Foot pain and inflammatory markers: a cross sectional study in older adults
Creators: name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Menz, H.B.
name: Dufour, A.B.
name: Siefkas, A.C.
name: Hillstrom, H.J.
name: Hannan, M.T.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Background: Foot disorders may limit independence and reduce quality of life for older adults. Obesity is a risk factor for foot conditions; both mechanical load and metabolic effects may contribute to these conditions. This study determined cross-sectional associations between inflammatory markers and foot disorders. Methods: Participants were drawn from the Framingham Foot Study (2002–2008). C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were each examined for associations with foot pain, forefoot pain, hindfoot pain, hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, and toe deformities (claw, hammer, or overlapping toes). Unadjusted and adjusted (age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status) sex-specific logistic regression was performed. Results: Of 909 participants, 54% were women (mean age 65 ± 9 years), 20% had foot pain, 29% had hallux valgus, 3% had hallux rigidus, and 27% had toe deformities. In unadjusted models, higher CRP (OR [95% CI] = 1.5 [1.1, 2.0]) and IL-6 (OR [95% CI] = 1.8 [1.2, 2.6]) were associated with foot pain among men; higher CRP was associated with foot pain (OR [95% CI] = 1.3 [1.0, 1.5]) among women. Higher CRP (OR [95% CI] = 1.9 [1.1, 3.2]) and IL-6 (OR [95% CI] = 2.4 [1.2, 4.7]) were associated with forefoot pain in men. Higher CRP was associated with hindfoot pain ([95% CI] = 1.8 [1.2, 2.6]) in women. After adjustment, CRP ([95% CI] = 1.5 [1.1, 2.0]) and IL-6 ([95% CI] = 1.8 [1.2, 2.6]) remained associated with foot pain in men, and IL-6 with forefoot pain ([95% CI] = 2.9 [1.4, 6.1]) in men. No associations with structural foot disorders were observed. Conclusions: Inflammation may impact foot pain. Future work assessing whether inflammation is part of the mechanism linking obesity to foot pain may identify areas for intervention and prevention.
Ionic interactions near the loop L4 are important for maintaining the active-site environment and the dimer stability of (pro)caspase 3
Creators: name: TRIPATHY, Ashutosh
name: CLARK, A. Clay
name: POP, Cristina
name: FEENEY, Brett
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: We have examined the role of a salt bridge between Lys242 and Glu246 in loop L4 of procaspase 3 and of mature caspase 3, and we show that the interactions are required for stabilizing the active site. Replacing either of the residues with an alanine residue results in a complete loss of procaspase 3 activity. Although both mutants are active in the context of the mature caspase 3, the mutations result in an increase in Km and a decrease in kcat when compared with the wild-type caspase 3. In addition, the mutations result in an increase in the pKa value associated with a change in kcat with pH, but does not affect the transition observed for Km versus pH. The mutations also affect the accessibility of the active-site solvent as measured by tryptophan fluorescence emission in the presence of quenching agents and as a function of pH. We show that, as the pH is lowered, the (pro)caspase dissociates, and the mutations increase the pH-dependent instability of the dimer. Overall, the results suggest that the contacts lost in the procaspase as a result of replacing Lys242 and Glu246 are compensated partially in the mature caspase as a result of new contacts that are known to form on zymogen processing.
IPBES Invasive alien species assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.2.4.1: Research
Creators: name: Morales, Carolina L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.2.4.1 assesses the role of the activities, facilities and devices used in Scientific Research as drivers of transportation, introduction, establishment and spread of invasive alien species, including research on alien species for chapter 3 of IPBES thematic assessment of invasive alien species and their control. Scientific education was also considered as an activity related to Research, and therefore included in this section. I conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review together with further readings and references suggested by CLAs, internal reviewers (ZOD, FOD and SOD) and external reviewers (FOD) consisted in the main sources of evidence for this section.
Mutations in and near the second calcium-binding domain of integrin alphaIIb affect the structure and function of integrin alphaIIbbeta3
Creators: name: GIDWITZ, Susan
name: TEMPLE, Brenda
name: WHITE, Gilbert C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Calcium-binding domains in the alpha-subunit of integrins contain a central loop structure. To examine the importance of the loop structure, a series of alphaIIb mutants containing changes to the calcium-liganding amino acids have been constructed. Significantly, none of the mutant alphaIIbbeta3 complexes was detected on the surface of transfected cells, but mutant pro-alphaIIb was detected in cell lysates in complex with beta3. To study the importance of the regions flanking the second calcium-binding domain for ligand-binding and ligand-binding specificity, three alphaIIb/alpha5 chimaeras containing alpha5 sequences flanking or flanking and including the second calcium-binding domain were constructed. The chimaera containing both alpha5-flanking regions was not expressed on the cell surface, but FR1 and FR2, substituting either the first or second flanking region, were expressed. FR1beta3-transfected cells lost the ability to adhere to fibrinogen and to support aggregation and had minimal fibrinogen-binding ability. The heterodimer complex was less stable than the wild-type. FR2beta3-transfected cells adhered to fibrinogen and bound soluble fibrinogen with higher affinity when compared with wild-type. In addition, the heterodimer complex was more stable than wild-type. These results indicate that the conformation of the second calcium-binding domain is critical for maturation of the alphaIIbbeta3 complex and expression on the cell surface and that the surrounding sequences are critical for alphaIIbbeta3 function.
Barriers and facilitators to the adoption and implementation of evidence-based injury prevention training programmes: a narrative review
Creators: name: Ambrose, K.R.
name: Minnig, M.C.
name: Callahan, L.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Spang, J.T.
name: Hawkinson, L.
name: Distefano, L.J.
name: Driban, J.
name: Root, H.J.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2022

description: While there is a multitude of evidence supporting the efficacy of injury prevention training programmes, the literature investigating the implementation of these programmes is, in contrast, rather limited. This narrative review sought to describe the commonly reported barriers and facilitators of the implementation of injury prevention training programmes among athletes in organised sport. We also aimed to identify necessary steps to promote the uptake and sustainable use of these programmes in non-elite athletic communities. We identified 24 publications that discussed implementing evidence-based injury prevention training programmes. Frequently reported barriers to implementation include the perceived time and financial cost of the programme, coaches lacking confidence in their ability to implement it, and the programme including exercises that were difficult or confusing to follow. Frequently reported facilitators to implementation include the coach being aware of programme efficacy, shared motivation to complete the programme from both coaches and athletes, and the ability to easily integrate the programme into practice schedules. The current literature is focused on high-income, high-resource settings. We recommend that future studies focus on understanding the best practices of programme dissemination in culturally and economically diverse regions. Programmes ought to be of no financial burden to the user, be simply adaptable to different sports and individual athletes and be available for use in easily accessible forms, such as in a mobile smartphone application.
Recreational Physical Activity and Risk of Incident Knee Osteoarthritis: An International Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant–Level Data
Creators: name: Nevitt, M.
name: Felson, D.
name: Perry, T.A.
name: Arden, N.K.
name: Batt, M.E.
name: Cooper, C.
name: Jones, G.
name: Callahan, L.F., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States,
name: Gates, L.S.
name: Nelson, A.E.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Sanchez-Santos, M.T.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Objective: The effect of physical activity on the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. We undertook this study to examine the relationship between recreational physical activity and incident knee OA outcomes using comparable physical activity and OA definitions. Methods: Data were acquired from 6 global, community-based cohorts of participants with and those without knee OA. Eligible participants had no evidence of knee OA or rheumatoid arthritis at baseline. Participants were followed up for 5–12 years for incident outcomes including the following: 1) radiographic knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence [K/L] grade ≥2), 2) painful radiographic knee OA (radiographic OA with knee pain), and 3) OA-related knee pain. Self-reported recreational physical activity included sports and walking/cycling activities and was quantified at baseline as metabolic equivalents of task (METs) in days per week. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated and pooled using individual participant data meta-analysis. Secondary analysis assessed the association between physical activity, defined as time (hours per week) spent in recreational physical activity and incident knee OA outcomes. Results: Based on a total of 5,065 participants, pooled RR estimates for the association of MET days per week with painful radiographic OA (RR 1.02 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.93–1.12]), radiographic OA (RR 1.00 [95% CI 0.94–1.07]), and OA-related knee pain (RR 1.00 [95% CI 0.96–1.04]) were not significant. Similarly, the analysis of hours per week spent in physical activity also showed no significant associations with all outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that whole-body, physiologic energy expenditure during recreational activities and time spent in physical activity were not associated with incident knee OA outcomes.
The tyrosine kinase FRK/RAK participates in cytokine-induced islet cell cytotoxicity
Creators: name: MAHBOOBI, Siavosh
name: WELSH, Charlotte
name: HÄGERKVIST, Robert
name: CHANDRASEKHARAN, Subhashini
name: WELSH, Michael
name: ANNERÉN, Cecilia
name: DIXELIUS, Johan
name: LIU, Edison T.
name: ÅKERBLOM, Björn
name: EKMAN, Maria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Hallmarks of the inflammatory process in Type I diabetes are macrophage activation, local release of β-cell-toxic cytokines and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have observed recently that mice overexpressing active FRK (fyn-related kinase)/RAK (previously named GTK/Bsk/IYK, where GTK stands for gut tyrosine kinase, Bsk for β-cell Src-homology kinase and IYK for intestinal tyrosine kinase) in β-cells exhibit increased susceptibility to β-cell-toxic events, and therefore, we now attempt to find a more precise role for FRK/RAK in these processes. Phosphopeptide mapping of baculovirus-produced mouse FRK/RAK revealed an autophosphorylation pattern compatible with Tyr-394 being the main site. No evidence for in vitro phosphorylation of the C-terminal regulatory sites Tyr-497 and Tyr-504 was obtained, nor was there any indication of in vitro regulation of FRK/RAK kinase activity. Screening a panel of known tyrosine kinase inhibitors for their ability to inhibit FRK/RAK revealed several compounds that inhibited FRK/RAK, with a potency similar to that reported for their ability to inhibit other tyrosine kinases. Cytokine-induced islet toxicity was reduced in islets isolated from FRK/RAK knockout mice and this occurred without effects on the production of nitric oxide. Addition of the nitric oxide inhibitor nitroarginine to FRK/RAK knockout islets exposed to cytokines decreased cell death to a basal level. In normal islets, cytokine-induced cell death was inhibited by the addition of two FRK/RAK inhibitors, SU4984 and D-65495, or by transfection with short interfering RNA against FRK/RAK. It is concluded that FRK/RAK contributes to cytokine-induced β-cell death, and inhibition of this kinase could provide means to suppress β-cell destruction in Type I diabetes.
Trimer superfluid and supersolid on two-dimensional optical lattices
Creators: name: Zhang, Wanzhou
name: Yang, Yuan
name: Guo, Lijuan
name: Ding, Chengxiang
name: Scott, Tony C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By the photoassociation method, the trimer superfluid phase disappears in the one dimensional state-dependent optical lattice if the ratio of the three-body interaction $W$ to the trimer tunneling $J$is kept at $W/J=12$ [Phys Rev A. {\bf 90}, 033622(2014)]. To search for a trimer superfluid and trimer supersolid, we load the cold atom into two-dimensional lattices, whose coordinate number $z$ and kinetic energy $-zJ$ are respectively larger and lower than those of a one dimensional lattice. Herein, we study the Bose-Hubbard model, which has an additional trimer tunneling term, a three-body interaction and a next-nearest repulsion. The on-site trimer and trimer superfluid exist if the on-site two-body repulsion and three-body repulsion are smaller than some thresholds. With atom-tunneling terms, the phase transitions from trimer superfluid phase to both atom superfluid and atom supersolid phases are first order. With $W/J=12$, in a one dimensional lattice, the trimer superfluid phase does not exist at all. In contrast, the trimer superfluid phase, exists in the lower density regions $0 \textless ρ\textless2$ on the square lattice if $J$ is not very large. The trimer superfluid phase emerges in a wider range $0 \textless ρ\textless3$ in the triangular lattice, or in the cubic lattice ($z=6$). When the three-body interaction is turned on, a trimer supersolid phase emerges due to the classical degeneracy between the quasi trimer solid and the trimer solid being broken by the quantum fluctuation. The phase transitions from the trimer supersolid phase to quasi trimer solid are first order and the phase transition from the trimer supersolid phase to trimer solid is continuous. Our results, obtained by mean-field and quantum Monte Carlo methods, will be helpful in realizing the trimer superfluid and supersolid by cold atom experiments.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Associations Between Baseline and Longitudinal Semiautomated Quantitative Joint Space Width at the Hip and Incident Hip Osteoarthritis: Data From a Community-Based Cohort
Creators: name: Alvarez, C.
name: Smith, J.A.
name: Nelson, A.E.
name: Jordan, J.M.
name: Arbeeva, L.
name: Renner, J.B.
name: Murphy, L.B.
name: Duryea, J.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Objective: To evaluate quantitative joint space width (JSW) at 10-, 30-, and 50-degree locations in relation to incident radiographic and symptomatic hip osteoarthritis (HOA) in a community-based cohort. Methods: Data were from Johnston County OA Project participants with supine hip radiographs at each of 4 time points; all had Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grades and quantitative JSW. We assessed covariates (age, race, height, weight, body mass index [BMI]) associated with quantitative JSW and hip-level associations between quantitative JSW and HOA over time using sex-stratified and multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models. A cluster analysis with logistic regression estimated associations between quantitative JSW trajectory groups and incident radiographic HOA and symptomatic HOA. Results: At baseline, 397 participants (784 hips, 41% men, 24% Black, mean age 57 years) had a mean BMI of 29 kg/m2. Over a mean of 18 years, 20% and 12% developed incident K/L grade–defined radiographic HOA or symptomatic HOA, respectively. Quantitative JSW was more sensitive to changes over time at 50 degrees. Values were stable among men but declined over time in women. Heavier women lost more quantitative JSW; changes in quantitative JSW were not significantly associated with race, education, or injury in women or men. In women only, loss of quantitative JSW over time was associated with 2–3 times higher odds of radiographic HOA and symptomatic HOA; among women and men, narrower baseline quantitative JSW was associated with these outcomes. Conclusion: Hip quantitative JSW demonstrates marked differences in respect to sex, with significant loss over time only in women. Loss of quantitative JSW over time in women and narrower baseline quantitative JSW in men and women were associated with incident radiographic HOA and symptomatic HOA.
A Stefan problem on an evolving surface
Creators: name: Alphonse, Amal
name: Elliott, Charles M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We formulate a Stefan problem on an evolving hypersurface and study the well-posedness of weak solutions given $L^1$ data. To do this, we first develop function spaces and results to handle equations on evolving surfaces in order to give a natural treatment of the problem. Then we consider the existence of solutions for $L^\infty$ data; this is done by regularisation of the nonlinearity. The regularised problem is solved by a fixed point theorem and then uniform estimates are obtained in order to pass to the limit. By using a duality method we show continuous dependence which allows us to extend the results to $L^1$ data.
description: 21 pages
CP-odd component of the lightest neutral Higgs boson in the MSSM
Creators: name: Li, Bing
name: Wagner, Carlos E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Higgs sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Extension of the Standard Model may be described with a two Higgs doublet model with properties that depend on the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. For instance, flavor independent CP-violating phases associated with the gaugino masses, the squark trilinear mass parameters and the Higgsino mass parameter $μ$ may lead to sizable CP-violation in the Higgs sector. For these CP-violating effects to affect the properties of the recently observed SM-like Higgs resonance, the non-standard charged and neutral Higgs bosons masses must be of the order of the weak scale, and both $μ$ as well as the trilinear stop mass parameter $A_t$ must be of the order or larger than the stop mass parameters. Constraints on this possibility come from direct searches for non-standard Higgs bosons, precision measurements on the lightest neutral Higgs properties, including its mass, and electric dipole moments. In this article, we discuss these constraints within the MSSM, trying to evaluate the possible size of the CP-odd component of the lightest neutral Higgs boson, and the possible experimental tests of this CP-violating effect at the LHC.
description: 35 pages, 13 figures
A large displacement of the SXN motif of Cys 115 -modified penicillin-binding protein 5 from Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Davies, Christopher
name: Nicola, George
name: Fedarovich, Alena
name: Nicholas, Robert A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are the lethal targets of β-lactam antibiotics, catalyse the final stages of peptidoglycan biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. PBP 5 of Escherichia coli is a D-alanine CPase (carboxypeptidase) that has served as a useful model to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of low-molecular-mass PBPs. Previous studies have shown that modification of Cys115 with a variety of reagents results in a loss of CPase activity and a large decrease in the rate of deacylation of the penicilloyl–PBP 5 complex [Tamura, Imae and Strominger (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 414–423; Curtis and Strominger (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 2584–2588]. The crystal structure of wild-type PBP 5 in which Cys115 fortuitously had formed a covalent adduct with 2-mercaptoethanol was solved at 2.0 Å (0.2 nm) resolution, and these results provide a structural rationale for how thiol-directed reagents lower the rate of deacylation. When compared with the structure of the unmodified wild-type enzyme, a major change in the architecture of the active site is observed. The two largest differences are the disordering of a loop comprising residues 74–90 and a shift in residues 106–111, which results in the displacement of Ser110 of the SXN active-site motif. These results support the developing hypothesis that the SXN motif of PBP 5, and especially Ser110, is intimately involved in the catalytic mechanism of deacylation.
Predictors of Lumbar Spine Degeneration and Low Back Pain in the Community: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Creators: name: Goode, A.P.
name: Schwartz, T.A.
name: DeFrate, L.E.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Gracely, R.H.
name: George, S.Z.
name: Renner, J.B.
name: Jordan, J.M.
name: Cleveland, R.J.
name: Kraus, V.B.
name: Hu, D.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Objective: To determine the incidence and worsening of lumbar spine structure and low back pain (LBP) and whether they are predicted by demographic characteristics or clinical characteristics or appendicular joint osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Paired baseline (2003–2004) and follow-up (2006–2010) lumbar spine radiographs from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project were graded for osteophytes (OST), disc space narrowing (DSN), spondylolisthesis, and presence of facet joint OA (FOA). Spine OA was defined as at least mild OST and mild DSN at the same level for any level of the lumbar spine. LBP, comorbidities, and back injury were self-reported. Weibull models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of spine phenotypes accounting for potential predictors including demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, obesity, and appendicular OA. Results: Obesity was a consistent and strong predictor of incidence of DSN (HR 1.80 [95% CI 1.09–2.98]), spine OA (HR 1.56 [95% CI 1.01–2.41]), FOA (HR 4.99 [95% CI 1.46–17.10]), spondylolisthesis (HR 1.87 [95% CI 1.02–3.43]), and LBP (HR 1.75 [95% CI 1.19–2.56]), and worsening of DSN (HR 1.51 [95% CI 1.09–2.09]) and LBP (HR 1.51 [95% CI 1.12–2.06]). Knee OA was a predictor of incident FOA (HR 4.18 [95% CI 1.44–12.2]). Spine OA (HR 1.80 [95% CI 1.24–2.63]) and OST (HR 1.85 [95% CI 1.02–3.36]) were predictors of incidence of LBP. Hip OA (HR 1.39 [95% CI 1.04–1.85]) and OST (HR 1.58 [95% CI 1.00–2.49]) were predictors of LBP worsening. Conclusion: Among the multiple predictors of spine phenotypes, obesity was a common predictor for both incidence and worsening of lumbar spine degeneration and LBP.
A novel NADPH:(bound) NADP + reductase and NADH:(bound) NADP + transhydrogenase function in bovine liver catalase
Creators: name: FERRARIS, Anna M.
name: GAETANI, Gian F.
name: SANNA, Paola
name: KIRKMAN, Henry N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Many catalases have the shared property of containing bound NADPH and being susceptible to inactivation by their own substrate, H2O2. The presence of additional (unbound) NADPH effectively prevents bovine liver and human erythrocytic catalase from becoming compound II, the reversibly inactivated state of catalase, and NADP+ is known to be generated in the process. The function of the bound NADPH, which is tightly bound in bovine liver catalase, has been unknown. The present study with bovine liver catalase and [14C]NADPH and [14C]NADH revealed that unbound NADPH or NADH are substrates for an internal reductase and transhydrogenase reaction respectively; the unbound NADPH or NADH cause tightly bound NADP+ to become NADPH without becoming tightly bound themselves. This and other results provide insight into the function of tightly bound NADPH.
Johannes Itten: Farblehre. Bd. II
Creators: name: Itten, Johannes
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Enthält Vorfassungen von Kapiteln aus Johannes Ittens "Kunst der Farbe". Das Arbeitstyposkript umfasst die Kapitel "Die konstruktive Farbenlehre", "Die 7 Farbkontraste", "Die Farbordnung", "Die Mischungen der Farben", "Expressive Farbenlehre", "Farbakkordik", "Akkord-Variationen", "Impressive Farbenlehre", "Malerei", "Form und Farbe", "Komposition", "Die räumliche Wirkung der Farben", "Die Farbe in der Mode" und "Schlussbemerkungen". Das Typoskript weist starke Überarbeitungsspuren und handschriftliche Zusätze auf. / Dabei: Von der Hand Ittens beschrifteter Ordner, in dem die Dokumente aufbewahrt wurden / Hs. Anmerkung auf Seite 120 (Kapitel "Der Kaltwarm Kontrast"): "Erste Maschinen Abschrift 30.X.58"
Characterization of heparan sulphate 3-O-sulphotransferase isoform 6 and its role in assisting the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1
Creators: name: CLEMENT, Christian
name: TIWARI, Vaibhav
name: SHUKLA, Deepak
name: XIA, Guoqing
name: LIU, Jian
name: XU, Ding
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Heparan sulphate (HS) 3-O-sulphotransferase transfers sulphate to the 3-OH position of the glucosamine residue of HS to form 3-O-sulphated HS. The HS modified by 3-O-sulphotransferase isoform 3 binds to HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) gD (envelope glycoprotein D), and the resultant 3-O-sulphated HS serves as an entry receptor for HSV-1. In the present paper, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel HS 3-O-sulphotransferase isoform, designated HS 3-O-sulphotransferase isoform 6 (3-OST-6). Mouse 3-OST-6 gene was identified in the EST (expressed sequence tag) database and cloned into pcDNA3.1/Myc-His vector. A CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cell line that stably expresses 3-OST-6 (3OST6/CHO cells) was prepared. The disaccharide analysis of the HS isolated from 3OST6/CHO cells revealed that 3-OST-6 exhibits HS 3-O-sulphotransferase activity. Furthermore, 3OST6/CHO cells were susceptible to infection by HSV-1, but not by other alphaherpesviruses examined, suggesting that 3-OST-6 produces a specific entry receptor for HSV-1. Our results indicate that a new member of 3-OST family generates an entry receptor for HSV-1. The findings add to the growing body of evidence that HSV-1 entry is mediated by 3-O-sulphated HS generated by multiple members of 3-O-sulphotransferases.