cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Die Acceptance Speech und die Inaugural Address Donald Trumps‘ aus populismustheoretischer Perspektive
Creators: name: Billerbeck, Leon
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institut für Politische Wissenschaft, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Populismus
subject: Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
subject: USA
subject: Rechtspopulismus
subject: Donald Trump
subject: Antrittsrede
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::320 | Politik

description: Im Jahre 2016 herrschte heller Aufruhr, als Donald J. Trump zum 45. Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten gewählt worden ist, und mit ihm eine ganz bestimmte, bislang für undenkbar gehaltene, Form des Rechtspopulismus die demokratischen Institutionen der Vereinigten Staaten von innen zu bedrohen schien. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die ideologisch-populistischen Positionierungen des Präsidenten in zwei seiner wichtigsten Reden vor und bei Antritt des Amtes und ordnet den POTUS in die Geschichte des amerikanischen Populismus ein.
Magnetoelasticity in ACr2O4 spinel oxides
Creators: name: Kocsis, V.
name: Bordács, S.
name: Varjas, D.
name: Penc, K.
name: Abouelsayed, A.
name: Kuntscher, C. A.
name: Ohgushi, K.
name: Tokura, Y.
name: Kézsmárki, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical properties of the lattice structure was studied by optical spectroscopy in ACr2O4 chromium spinel oxide magnetic semiconductors over a broad temperature region of T=10-335K. The systematic change of the A-site ions (A=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) showed that the occupancy of 3d orbitals on the A-site, has strong impact on the lattice dynamics. For compounds with orbital degeneracy (FeCr2O4, NiCr2O4 and CuCr2O4), clear splitting of infrared-active phonon modes and/or activation of silent vibrational modes have been observed upon the Jahn-Teller transition and at the onset of the subsequent long-range magnetic order. Although MnCr2O4 and CoCr2O4 show multiferroic and magnetoelectric character, no considerable magnetoelasticity was found in spinel compounds without orbital degeneracy as they closely preserve the high-temperature cubic spinel structure even in their magnetic ground state. Besides lattice vibrations, intra-atomic 3d-3d transitions of the A$^{2+}$ ions were also investigated to determine the crystal field and Racah parameters and the strength of the spin-orbit coupling.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
MARS : a Method for the Adaptive Removal of Stiffness in PDEs
Creators: name: Duchemin, Laurent
name: Eggers, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The E(xplicit)I(implicit)N(null) method was developed recently to remove numerical instability from PDEs, adding and subtracting an operator $\mathcal{D}$ of arbitrary structure, treating the operator implicitly in one case, and explicitly in the other. Here we extend this idea by devising an adaptive procedure to find an optimal approximation for $\mathcal{D}$. We propose a measure of the numerical error which detects numerical instabilities across all wavelengths, and adjust each Fourier component of $\mathcal{D}$ to the smallest value such that numerical instability is suppressed. We show that for a number of nonlinear and non-local PDEs, in one and two dimensions, the spectrum of $\mathcal{D}$ adapts automatically and dynamically to the theoretical result for marginal stability. Our method thus has the same stability properties as a fully implicit method, while only requiring the computational cost comparable to an explicit solver. The adaptive implicit part is diagonal in Fourier space, and thus leads to minimal overhead compared to the explicit method.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Boundary conditions for metric fluctuations in Lifshitz
Creators: name: Andrade, Tomas
name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quantisation of linearised fluctuations of the metric and matter fields about a Lifshitz background, exploring the possibility of alternative boundary conditions, allowing the slow fall-off modes to fluctuate. We find that for $z >2$, slow fall-off modes for some of the linearised fluctuations are normalizable, which opens up the possibility of considering alternative boundary conditions. Analysing stability, we find that alternative boundary conditions for the momentum density are allowed, but alternative boundary conditions for the energy density lead to an instability of the type we recently discovered in a similar analysis for scalar fields on a fixed Lifshitz background. Our investigation is in the context of the simple massive vector model, but we would expect the conclusions to be more general.
description: 35 pages, 11 figures
A review of quantum cellular automata
Creators: name: Farrelly, Terry
Publisher: name: Wien : Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: quantum cellular automata (QCAs)
subject: quantum computation
subject: tensor-network unitary approach
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Discretizing spacetime is often a natural step towards modelling physical systems. For quantum systems, if we also demand a strict bound on the speed of information propagation, we get quantum cellular automata (QCAs). These originally arose as an alternative paradigm for quantum computation, though more recently they have found application in understanding topological phases of matter and have been proposed as models of periodically driven (Floquet) quantum systems, where QCA methods were used to classify their phases. QCAs have also been used as a natural discretization of quantum field theory, and some interesting examples of QCAs have been introduced that become interacting quantum field theories in the continuum limit. This review discusses all of these applications, as well as some other interesting results on the structure of quantum cellular automata, including the tensor-network unitary approach, the index theory and higher dimensional classifications of QCAs. © 2020 Verein zur Forderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften. All rights reserved.
Orbital and dynamical analysis of the system around HR 8799. New astrometric epochs from VLT/SPHERE and LBT/LUCI
Creators: name: Zurlo, A.
name: Gozdziewski, K.
name: Mesa, C. Lazzoni D.
name: Nogueira, P.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Gratton, R.
name: Marzari, F.
name: Pinna, E.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Delorme, P.
name: Girard, J. H.
name: Hagelberg, J.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Janson, M.
name: Rickman, E.
name: Kervella, P.
name: Avenhaus, H.
name: Bhowmik, T.
name: Biller, B.
name: Boccaletti, A.
name: Bonaglia, M.
name: Bonavita, M.
name: Bonnefoy, M.
name: Cantalloube, F.
name: Cheetham, A.
name: Claudi, R.
name: D'Orazi, V.
name: Feldt, M.
name: Galicher, R.
name: Ghose, E.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Langlois, M.
name: Coroller, H. le
name: Ligi, R.
name: Kasper, M.
name: Maire, A. -L.
name: Medard, F.
name: Meyer, M.
name: Peretti, S.
name: Perrot, C.
name: Puglisi, A. T.
name: Rossi, F.
name: Rothberg, B.
name: Schmidt, T.
name: Sissa, E.
name: Vigan, A.
name: Wahhaj, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HR\,8799 is a young planetary system composed of 4 planets and a double debris belt. Being the first multi-planetary system discovered with the direct imaging technique, it has been observed extensively since 1998. This wide baseline of astrometric measurements, counting over 50 observations in 20 years, permits a detailed orbital and dynamical analysis of the system. To explore the orbital parameters of the planets, their dynamical history, and the planet-to-disk interaction, we made follow-up observations of the system during the VLT/SPHERE GTO program. We obtained 21 observations, most of them in favorable conditions. In addition, we observed HR\,8799 with the instrument LBT/LUCI. All the observations were reduced with state-of-the-art algorithms implemented to apply the spectral and angular differential imaging method. We re-reduced the SPHERE data obtained during the commissioning of the instrument and in 3 open-time programs to have homogeneous astrometry. The precise position of the 4 planets with respect to the host star was calculated by exploiting the fake negative companions method. To improve the orbital fitting, we also took into account all of the astrometric data available in the literature. From the photometric measurements obtained in different wavelengths, we estimated the planets' masses following the evolutionary models. We obtained updated parameters for the orbits with the assumption of coplanarity, relatively small eccentricities, and periods very close to the 2:1 resonance. We also refined the dynamical mass of each planet and the parallax of the system (24.49 $\pm$ 0.07 mas). We also conducted detailed $N$-body simulations indicating possible positions of a~putative fifth innermost planet with a mass below the present detection limits of $\simeq 3$~\MJup.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, A&A in press
Bias in data-driven artificial intelligence systems—An introductory survey
Creators: name: Ntoutsi, Erini
name: Fafalios, Pavlos
name: Gadiraju, Ujwal
name: Iosifidis, Vasileios
name: Nejdl, Wolfgang
name: Vidal, Maria-Esther
name: Ruggieri, Salvatore
name: Turini, Franco
name: Papadopoulos, Symeon
name: Krasanakis, Emmanouil
name: Kompatsiaris, Ioannis
name: Kinder-Kurlanda, Katharina
name: Wagner, Claudia
name: Karimi, Fariba
name: Fernandez, Miriam
name: Alani, Harith
name: Berendt, Bettina
name: Kruegel, Tina
name: Heinze, Christian
name: Broelemann, Klaus
name: Kasneci, Gjergji
name: Tiropanis, Thanassis
name: Staab, Steffen
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: fairness
subject: fairness-aware AI
subject: fairness-aware machine learning
subject: interpretability
subject: responsible AI
subject: Data handling
subject: Data mining
subject: Laws and legislation
subject: Learning algorithms
subject: Philosophical aspects
subject: Surveys
subject: Artificial intelligence systems
subject: Demographic features
subject: Ethical considerations
subject: Interpretability
subject: Legal principles
subject: Predictive performance
subject: Technical challenges
subject: Machine learning
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems are widely employed nowadays to make decisions that have far-reaching impact on individuals and society. Their decisions might affect everyone, everywhere, and anytime, entailing concerns about potential human rights issues. Therefore, it is necessary to move beyond traditional AI algorithms optimized for predictive performance and embed ethical and legal principles in their design, training, and deployment to ensure social good while still benefiting from the huge potential of the AI technology. The goal of this survey is to provide a broad multidisciplinary overview of the area of bias in AI systems, focusing on technical challenges and solutions as well as to suggest new research directions towards approaches well-grounded in a legal frame. In this survey, we focus on data-driven AI, as a large part of AI is powered nowadays by (big) data and powerful machine learning algorithms. If otherwise not specified, we use the general term bias to describe problems related to the gathering or processing of data that might result in prejudiced decisions on the bases of demographic features such as race, sex, and so forth. This article is categorized under: Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Fairness in Data Mining Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Ethical Considerations Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Legal Issues. © 2020 The Authors. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating the biosynthesis of Sch-642305 in the fungus : Phomopsis sp. CMU-LMA
Creators: name: Trenti, Francesco
name: Lebe, Karen E.
name: Adelin, Emilie
name: Ouazzani, Jamal
name: Schotte, Carsten
name: Cox, Russell J.
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Aspergillus
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genes
subject: Aspergillus Oryzae
subject: Biosynthetic gene cluster
subject: Filamentous fungi
subject: Gene disruptions
subject: Genome sequences
subject: Macrolides
subject: Phomopsis sp
subject: Biosynthesis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Sch-642305 is an unusual bicyclic 10-membered macrolide produced by the filamentous fungus Phomopsis sp. CMU-LMA for which no biosynthetic evidence exists. Here, we generate a draft genome sequence of the producing organism and discover the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for formation of Sch-642305. Targeted gene disruptions together with reconstitution of the pathway in the heterologous host Aspergillus oryzae dissect key chemical steps and shed light on a series of oxidoreductions occuring in the pathway. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
title: Reflexives Entwerfen? Topologien eines Forschungsfeldes
title: Reflexive Design? Topologies of a research field
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Buchert, Margitta
Publisher: name: Berlin : Jovis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Reflexive Design
subject: Reflexivity
subject: Design and Research in architecture and landscape architecture
subject: Design research
subject: Design knowledge
subject: Tacit knowledge
subject: Knowledge genesis and knowledge communication in architecture
subject: forms of knowledge
subject: research networks in architecture
subject: Reflexives Entwerfen
subject: Reflexivität
subject: Entwerfen und Forschen in Architektur und Landschaftsarchitektur
subject: Entwurfsforschung
subject: Entwurfswissen
subject: Implizites Wissen
subject: Wissensgenese und Wissenskommunikation in der Architektur
subject: Wissensformen
subject: Forschungsnetzwerke der Architektur
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::700 | Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein::720 | Architektur

description: Wie zeigt sich ein zeitgenössisches Architektur- und Entwurfsverständnis, wenn es mit der Perspektive des Forschens fokussiert wird? Wo und wie ist das Reflexive mit der Praxis des Entwerfens verwoben? Welche spezifischen Wissensformen, Verfahren und Erkenntnisweisen und schließlich welche, auch transferfähigen, Möglichkeiten zur kreativen Analyse und Transformation öffnen sich im Blick auf das architektonische Entwerfen und Forschen? Vor diesem Fragenhintergrund führt Margitta Buchert mit ihrem Beitrag in das Themenspektrum des integrativen, theorie- und praxisrelevanten Handlungsfeldes `Reflexives Entwerfen´ ein, welches sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem der zentralen Forschungsschwerpunkte an der Fakultät für Architektur und Landschaft an der Leibniz Universität Hannover entwickelt hat. Reflexion, das Reflexive und Reflexivität werden in ihrer Verwendung in einigen wissenschaftlichen Bereichen aufgespürt und in ihren unterschiedlichen Akzentuierungen vorgestellt. Mit Blick auf das architektonische Entwerfen wird das generische Potenzial der Lesarten hervorgehoben und abstrahiert.
description: How does a contemporary understanding of architecture and design manifest itself, when it is focused on from the perspective of research? In what ways is reflexivity part of the practice of design? What specific forms of knowledge, methods, and modes of perception, and what transferable possibilities for creative analysis and transformation does it openup within architectural design and research? In relation to these questions, Margitta Buchert’s contribution introduces the topic and perspectives of the integrative approach, both in theory and in practice, of 'reflexive design', which has developed into one of the central research foci at the Faculty of Architecture and Landscape at Leibniz Universität Hannover in recent years. The application of reflection, the reflexive, and reflexivity in various fields of science, with their different emphases, is identified and presented accordingly. The generative potential of the different interpretations is highlighted and abstracted with regard to architectural design.
Prunus spinosa L.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: O. spinosa L. Cat. 65 und 423. Ssp. legitima (Delarbre) Briq. (O. spinosa L. s. str.) - Verbreitung ungenügend bekannt; Höhengrenze «1480 m» im Cat. wohl zu hoch. ¹ Neuerdings angegeben: 3: Um Sembrancher (Miller, Melly); Orsieres (Melly); Charrat (Closuit); Törbel (Stehler); Stalden-Staldenried (Christ). Ssp. austriaca (Beck) Gams (O. repens ssp. austriaca A. et G., O. procurrens var. fallax Gremli, O. repens var. fallax Schinz et Keller) - Bis gegen 1800 m. - l: Salvan (Coquoz). - 2: Siders (Christ). - 3: Le Chäble (Miller); Heremence (J.); Visp (Christ); Hubel ob Zermatt, gegen 1800 m (Wolf); ob Visperterminen, 1700 m (Beauverd). - 4: Lax-Fiesch (Wilczek).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Classification of Singularities and Bifurcations of Critical Points of Even Functions
Creators: name: Kudryavtseva, E. A.
name: Lakshtanov, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Singularities of even smooth functions are studied. A classification of singular points which appear in typical parametric families of even functions with at most five parameters is given. Bifurcations of singular points near a caustic value of the parameter are also studied. A determinant for singularity types and conditions for versal deformations are given in terms of partial derivatives (not requiring a preliminary reduction to a canonical form).
Anomalies of non-Abelian finite groups via cobordism
Creators: name: Davighi, Joe
name: Gripaios, Ben
name: Lohitsiri, Nakarin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use cobordism theory to analyse anomalies of finite non-abelian symmetries in 4 spacetime dimensions. By applying the method of `anomaly interplay', which uses functoriality of cobordism and naturality of the $η$-invariant to relate anomalies in a group of interest to anomalies in other (finite or compact Lie) groups, we derive the anomaly for every representation in many examples motivated by flavour physics, including $S_3$, $A_4$, $Q_8$, and $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{F}_3)$. In the case of finite abelian groups, it is well known that anomalies can be `truncated' in a way that has no effect on low-energy physics, by means of a group extension. We extend this idea to non-abelian symmetries. We show, for example, that a system with $A_4$ symmetry can be rendered anomaly-free, with only one-third as many fermions as naïvely required, by passing to a larger symmetry. As another example, we find that a well-known model of quark and lepton masses utilising the $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{F}_3)$ symmetry is anomalous, but that the anomaly can be cancelled by enlarging the symmetry to a $\mathbb{Z}/3$ extension of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{F}_3)$.
description: 48 pages. Added Appendix deriving the spin-TQFTs for a theory with Q8-structure. Matches version published in JHEP
title: Dr. Mathaeus Much, die Kupferzeit in Europa und ihr Verhältniss zur Kultur der Indogermanen
Creators: name: Furtwängler, Adolf
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: Dr. Mathaeus Much, die Kupferzeit in Europa und ihr Verhältniss zur Kultur der Indogermanen. Mit 112 Abbildungen im Text. Zweite vollständig umgearbeitete und bedeutend vermehrte Auflage. Jena, H. Costenoble. 1893. XII und 376 S. 8°.
Error estimates and specification parameters for functional renormalization
Creators: name: Schnoerr, David
name: Boettcher, Igor
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Wetterich, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a strategy for estimating the error of truncated functional flow equations. While the basic functional renormalization group equation is exact, approximated solutions by means of truncations do not only depend on the choice of the retained information, but also on the precise definition of the truncation. Therefore, results depend on specification parameters that can be used to quantify the error of a given truncation. We demonstrate this for the BCS-BEC crossover in ultracold atoms. Within a simple truncation the precise definition of the frequency dependence of the truncated propagator affects the results, indicating a shortcoming of the choice of a frequency independent cutoff function.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Influence of heterogeneous air entry pressure on large scale unsaturated flow in porous media
Creators: name: Szymkiewicz, Adam
name: Neuweiler, Insa
name: Helmig, Rainer
Publisher: name: Warsaw : Walter de Gruyter
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: unsaturated flow
subject: two-phase flow
subject: water flow
subject: heterogeneous media
subject: air entry pressure
subject: effective equations
subject: sand
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: The paper presents numerical simulations of water infiltration in unsaturated porous media containing coarse-textured inclusions embedded in fine-textured background material. The calculations are performed using the two-phase model for water and air flow and a simplified model known as the Richards equation. It is shown that the Richards equation cannot correctly describe flow in the presence of heterogeneities. However, its performance can be improved by introducing appropriately defined effective capillary and permeability functions, representing largescale behaviour of the heterogeneous medium.
Magnetic-Translational Sum Rule and Approximate Models of the Molecular Berry Curvature
Creators: name: Peters, Laurens D. M.
name: Culpitt, Tanner
name: Tellgren, Erik I.
name: Helgaker, Trygve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Berry connection and curvature are key components of electronic structure calculations for atoms and molecules in magnetic fields. They ensure the correct translational behavior of the effective nuclear Hamiltonian and the correct center-of-mass motion during molecular dynamics in these environments. In this work, we demonstrate how these properties of the Berry connection and curvature arise from the translational symmetry of the electronic wave function and how they are fully captured by a finite basis set of London orbitals but not by standard Gaussian basis sets. This is illustrated by a series of Hartree-Fock calculations on small molecules in different basis sets. Based on the resulting physical interpretation of the Berry curvature as the shielding of the nuclei by the electrons, we introduce and test a series of approximations using the Mulliken fragmentation scheme of the electron density. These approximations will be particularly useful in ab initio molecular dynamics calculations in a magnetic field, since they reduce the computational cost, while recovering the correct physics and up to 95% of the exact Berry curvature.
A probabilistic projection of beneficiaries of long-term care insurance in Germany by severity of disability
Creators: name: Vanella, Patrizio
name: Heß, Moritz
name: Wilke, Christian B.
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disability risks
subject: Long-term care
subject: Monte Carlo simulation
subject: Social insurance
subject: Social policy
subject: Stochastic forecasting
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: Demographic aging puts social insurance systems under immense pressure as frailty risks increase with age. The statutory long-term care insurance in Germany (GPV), whose society has been aging for decades due to low fertility and decreasing mortality, faces massive future pressure. The present study presents a stochastic outlook on long-term care insurance in Germany until 2045 by forecasting the future number of frail persons who could claim insurance services by severity level with theory-based Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations result in credible intervals for age-, sex- and severity-specific care rates as well as the numbers of persons for all combinations of age, sex and severity by definition of the GPV on an annual basis. The model accounts for demographic trends through time series analysis and considers all realistic epidemiological developments by simulation. The study shows that increases in the general prevalence of disabilities, especially for severe disabilities, caused by the demographic development in Germany are unavoidable, whereas the influence of changes in agespecific care risks does not affect the outcome significantly. The results may serve as a basis for estimating the future demand for care nurses and the financial expenses of the GPV.
Uncertainty Quantification of Material Properties in Ballistic Impact of Magnesium Alloys
Creators: name: Sun, Xingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design and development of cutting-edge light materials for extreme conditions including high-speed impact remains a continuing and significant challenge in spite of steady advances. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have gained much attention, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and potential of further improvements in material properties such as strength and ductility. In this paper, we adopt a recently developed computational framework to quantify the effects of material uncertainties on the ballistic performance of Mg alloys. The framework is able to determine the largest deviation in the performance measure resulting from a finite variation in the corresponding material properties. It can also provide rigorous upper bounds on the probability of failure using known information about uncertainties and the system, and then conservative safety design and certification can be achieved. We specifically focus on AZ31B Mg alloys, and assume that the material is well-characterized by the Johnson-Cook constitutive and failure models, but the model parameters are uncertain. We determine the ordering of uncertainty contributions for model parameters and the corresponding behavior regimes where those parameters play a crucial role. Finally, we show that how this ordering provides insight on the improvement of ballistic performance and the development of new material models for Mg alloys.
Source-position transformation -- an approximate invariance in strong gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Schneider, Peter
name: Sluse, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main obstacle for gravitational lensing to determine accurate masses of deflectors, or to determine precise estimates for the Hubble constant, is the degeneracy of lensing observables with respect to the mass-sheet transformation (MST). The MST is a global modification of the mass distribution which leaves all image positions, shapes and flux ratios invariant, but which changes the time delay. Here we show that another global transformation of lensing mass distributions exists which almost leaves image positions and flux ratios invariant, and of which the MST is a special case. Whereas for axi-symmetric lenses this source position transformation exactly reproduces all strong lensing observables, it does so only approximately for more general lens situations. We provide crude estimates for the accuracy with which the transformed mass distribution can reproduce the same image positions as the original lens model, and present an illustrative example of its performance. This new invariance transformation most likely is the reason why the same strong lensing information can be accounted for with rather different mass models.
description: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics. Comments welcome. 9 pages
Halftoning with Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Jiang, Haitian
name: Xiong, Dongliang
name: Jiang, Xiaowen
name: Yin, Aiguo
name: Ding, Li
name: Huang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks have recently succeeded in digital halftoning using vanilla convolutional layers with high parallelism. However, existing deep methods fail to generate halftones with a satisfying blue-noise property and require complex training schemes. In this paper, we propose a halftoning method based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning, called HALFTONERS, which learns a shared policy to generate high-quality halftone images. Specifically, we view the decision of each binary pixel value as an action of a virtual agent, whose policy is trained by a low-variance policy gradient. Moreover, the blue-noise property is achieved by a novel anisotropy suppressing loss function. Experiments show that our halftoning method produces high-quality halftones while staying relatively fast.
description: ICIP 2022
The interplay between radio AGN activity and their host galaxies
Creators: name: Couto, Guilherme S.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio activity in AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) produce feedback on the host galaxy via the impact of the relativistic jets on the circumnuclear gas. Although radio jets can reach up to several times the optical radius of the host galaxy, in this review we focus on the observation of the feedback deposited locally in the central region of the host galaxies, in the form of outflows due to the jet-gas interaction. We begin by discussing how galaxy mergers and interactions are the most favored scenario for triggering radio AGN after gas accretion to the nuclear supermassive black hole and star formation enhancement in the nuclear region, observed in particular in the most luminous sources. We then discuss observational signatures of the process of jet-gas coupling, in particular the resulting outflows and their effects on the host galaxy. These include the presence of shock signatures and the detection of outflows not only along the radio jet but perpendicular to it in many sources. Although most of the studies are done via the observation of ionized gas, molecular gas is also being increasingly observed in outflow, contributing to the bulk of the mass outflow rate. Even though most radio sources present outflow kinetic powers that do not reach $1\%\,L_{bol}$, and thus do not seem to provide an immediate impact on the host galaxy, they act to heat the ISM gas, preventing star formation, slowing the galaxy mass build-up process and limiting the stellar mass growth, in a ``maintenance mode" feedback.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures. Published in Galaxies Special Issue "The Symbiosis between Radio Source and Galaxy Evolution" O'Dea & Baum (guest editors). Comments are welcome
Cold nuclear matter effect measured with high pT hadrons and jets in 200GeV d+Au collisions in PHENIX
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High pT π^0 and η, as well as jets are measured using high statistics d+Au collision data collected in RHIC Year-2008 run. Both R_{dA} and R_{cp} for three observables are found to be very consistent each other within quoted systematic and statistical uncertainties. It was found that the R_{dA} is strongly centrality dependent as opposed to the expectations from theoretical models. An explanation of the centrality dependence from the experimental point of view is presented.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures, presented at 29th Winter Workshop for Nuclear Dynamics held in Feb 2013, at Squaw Valley, CA, USA
The horizontal profile of the atmospheric electric fields as measured during thunderstorms by the network of NaI spectrometers located on the slopes of Mt. Aragats
Creators: name: Chilingarian, A.
name: Hovsepyan, G.
name: Karapetyan, T.
name: Kozliner, L.
name: Pokhsraryan, S. Chilingaryan. D.
name: Sargsyan, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present report, we describe the NaI particle detector network and present the first results of the experiment demonstrating that the particle fluxes from the atmospheric electron accelerators can cover large areas on the earth surface.
description: 16 pages 12 figures
title: Self-assembled arrays of ZnO nanoparticles and their application as varistor materials
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Pillai, Suresh
Publisher: name: TU Dublin
Year: 2004

description: Linear arrays of ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by a simple sol–gel condensation reaction involving chemical modifiers, followed by drying (80oC) and calcination (500 oC). The calcined material (nanoarray ZnO) is composed of approximately spherical nanoparticles of average diameter 21+/-3 nm, selfassembled to form arrays extending in length to 2–4 mm. The morphology of the ZnO is found to depend sensitively on the amounts of chemical modifiers present. In their absence the ZnO produced (nano-ZnO) is an unstructured agglomerate of nanoparticles. The mechanism for formation of these linear arrays has been investigated by examining the intermediates formed at 80 oC and 250 oC using XRD and TEM and by following the decomposition reactions using TGA and DSC. Varistors prepared from the nano-array ZnO by sintering (1050 oC) with ppropriate mixtures of metal oxides showed a breakdown voltage of 786 +/- 30 Vmm-1, which is substantially higher than that of samples prepared under similar conditions from either micronsized commercial ZnO (507 +/-30 V mm-1) or from nano-ZnO (683 +/-30 V mm-1).
A scalable high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry
Creators: name: Wodey, E.
name: Tell, D.
name: Rasel, E.M.
name: Schlippert, D.
name: Baur, R.
name: Kissling, U.
name: Kölliker, B.
name: Lorenz, M.
name: Marrer, M.
name: Schläpfer, U.
name: Widmer, M.
name: Ufrecht, C.
name: Stuiber, S.
name: Fierlinger, P.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atoms
subject: Interferometry
subject: Magnetism
subject: Atom interferometry
subject: Inhomogeneities
subject: Long base line
subject: Longitudinal direction
subject: Magnetic field gradient
subject: Modular designs
subject: Residual field
subject: Shielding performance
subject: Magnetic shielding
subject: accelerometry
subject: article
subject: controlled study
subject: human
subject: interferometry
subject: magnetic field
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: We report on the design, construction, and characterization of a 10 m-long high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry. We achieve residual fields below 4 nT and longitudinal inhomogeneities below 2.5 nT/m over 8 m along the longitudinal direction. Our modular design can be extended to longer baselines without compromising the shielding performance. Such a setup constrains biases associated with magnetic field gradients to the sub-pm/s2 level in atomic matterwave accelerometry with rubidium atoms and paves the way toward tests of the universality of free fall with atomic test masses beyond the 10-13 level. © 2020 Author(s).
Fabrication of silicon nanocrystals using sequential Au ion implantation
Creators: name: Sahu, Gayatri
name: Kumar, Rajesh
name: Mahapatra, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon nanocrystals are produced using a two-stage gold ion implantation technique. First stage implantation using low energy ions leads to the formation of an amorphous Si (a-Si) layer. A subsequent high energy Au irradiation in the second stage is found to produce strained Si NCs. An annealing at a temperature as low as 500$^o$C is seen to result in strain free NCs showing quantum confinement effects. Higher temperature annealing of the samples is found to result in growth in size from recrystallization of the a-Si matrix. Raman Scattering, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry (RBS) have been used to study the effect of annealing on the samples and the size of Si NCs formed. The data could be well explained using a phonon confinement model with an extremely narrow size distribution. XRD results go in line with Raman analysis.
description: PDFLATEX, 10 Pages, 6 Figures
title: Simulation of Dynamic Electrochemical Processes
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Cassidy, John
Publisher: name: TU Dublin
Year: 2003

description: This work is designed to introduce electrochemists in a tutorial manner to the basics of modeling of electrochemical systems based primarily on diffusion equations. There is an introduction to analytical and numerical methods with examples taken from typical electrochemical experiments. The Laplace transform is used to derive the Cottrell equation and chronopotentiometry. The response of an electrode to a Gaussian concentration profile is detailed. Laplace’s equation is solved for a simple cell to determine the potential distribution. Discrete methods are employed to calculate the current time behavior following a potential step using the explicit finite difference method. Cyclic voltammetry is simulated using the explicit, implicit and hopscotch methods along with the method of orthogonal collocation. In each case the steps used to solve the problem are comprehensively detailed.
Simulation-based roadmap for the integration of poly-silicon on oxide contacts into screen-printed crystalline silicon solar cells
Creators: name: Kruse, Christian N.
name: Schäfer, Sören
name: Haase, Felix
name: Mertens, Verena
name: Schulte-Huxel, Henning
name: Lim, Bianca
name: Min, Byungsul
name: Dullweber, Thorsten
name: Peibst, Robby
name: Brendel, Rolf
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: efficiency
subject: POLO
subject: silicon
subject: oxide
subject: phosphorus
subject: cells
subject: poly-Si
subject: Synergistic Efficiency Gain Analysis (SEGA)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: We present a simulation-based study for identifying promising cell structures, which integrate poly-Si on oxide junctions into industrial crystalline silicon solar cells. The simulations use best-case measured input parameters to determine efficiency potentials. We also discuss the main challenges of industrially processing these structures. We find that structures based on p-type wafers in which the phosphorus diffusion is replaced by an n-type poly-Si on oxide junction (POLO) in combination with the conventional screen-printed and fired Al contacts show a high efficiency potential. The efficiency gains in comparsion to the 23.7% efficiency simulated for the PERC reference case are 1.0% for the POLO BJ (back junction) structure and 1.8% for the POLO IBC (interdigitated back contact) structure. The POLO BJ and the POLO IBC cells can be processed with lean process flows, which are built on major steps of the PERC process such as the screen-printed Al contacts and the Al2O3/SiN passivation. Cell concepts with contacts using poly-Si for both polarities (POLO 2-concepts) show an even higher efficiency gain potential of 1.3% for a POLO 2 BJ cell and 2.2% for a POLO 2 IBC cell in comparison to PERC. For these structures further research on poly-Si structuring and screen-printing on p-type poly-Si is necessary. © 2021, The Author(s).
Born-Padé approach to electromagnetic scattering in complex one-dimensional inhomogeneous slabs
Creators: name: Rebouças, J. A.
name: Brandão, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbation theory is applied to one-dimensional scattering systems consisting of a general class of inhomogeneous and isotropic slabs having size $L$ described by the relative permittivity $\varepsilon(z) = 1 + αχ(z)$, where $χ(z)$ is the electric susceptibility and $α$ the perturbation parameter. The transmitted and reflected amplitudes are shown to be written as Born series in powers of $α$ and Padé approximants are used to obtain analytical results with a high and arbitrary degree of accuracy. The approach is very general and can handle oblique incidence. Examples are given for the transmission and reflection amplitudes of plane waves interacting with Hermitian and non-Hermitian structures with known and unknown exact solutions.
title: Subjective Usability, Mental Workload Assessments and Their Impact on Objective Human Performance
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Longo, Luca
Publisher: name: TU Dublin
Year: 2017

description: Self-reporting procedures and inspection methods have been largely employed in the fields of interaction and web-design for assessing the usability of interfaces. However, there seems to be a propensity to ignore features related to end-users or the context of application during the usability assessment procedure. This research proposes the adoption of the construct of mental workload as an additional aid to inform interaction and web-design. A user-study has been performed in the context of human-web interaction. The main objective was to explore the relationship between the perception of usability of the interfaces of three popular web-sites and the mental workload imposed on end-users by a set of typical tasks executed over them. Usability scores computed employing the System Usability Scale were compared and related to the mental workload scores obtained employing the NASA Task Load Index and the Workload Profile self-reporting assessment procedures. Findings advise that perception of usability and subjective assessment of mental workload are two independent, not fully overlapping constructs. They measure two different aspects of the human-system interaction. This distinction enabled the demonstration of how these two constructs cab be jointly employed to better explain objective performance of end-users, a dimension of user experience, and informing interaction and web-design.
title: Joint analysis of a quantile of longitudinal  outcomes and multiple time to events with censoring
Creators: name: Lu, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: It is very common in health science studies that we observe both longitudinal and survival
 data, within which different types of data are correlated and need to be analysed
 together to draw accurate conclusions. In this thesis, we propose a new method to
 jointly analyse observations of a longitudinal outcome and occurring times for multiple
 right- and interval-censored events to capture the underlying effects between them.
 In order to have a more complete view, we apply the quantile regression techniques
 to measure the effects of covariates on the longitudinal observations and then the effects
 of longitudinal observations on the occurring times of events at different levels of
 quantile. Semi-parametric proportional hazards models are proposed for both right and
 interval-censored events with a vector of possible time-varying covariates shared
 with the quantile regression model for the longitudinal outcome. We also assume a
 variable of random effects in the survival models to measure the dependence between
 different events. We develop a Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization (MCEM) algorithm
 for computing non-parametric maximum likelihood estimators of parameters.
 Our estimators are proved to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed.
 Furthermore, our proposed joint model is illustrated through a series of extensive simulation
 studies and an application to a data set from a French cohort study, PAQUID,
 aiming at studying the cognitive decline, such as the disease of dementia, among the
 elderly.
Rydberg atoms with a reduced sensitivity to dc and low-frequency electric fields
Creators: name: Jones, L. A.
name: Carter, J. D.
name: Martin, J. D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-resonant microwave dressing field at 38.465 GHz was used to eliminate the static electric dipole moment difference between the $49s_{1/2}$ and $48s_{1/2}$ Rydberg states of $^{87}$Rb in dc fields of approximately 1 V/cm. The reduced susceptibility to electric field fluctuations was measured using 2-photon microwave spectroscopy. An anomalous spectral doublet is attributed to polarization ellipticity in the dressing field. The demonstrated ability to inhibit static dipole moment differences --- while retaining sensitivity to high frequency fields --- is applicable to sensors and/or quantum devices using Rydberg atoms.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
A Cascade Superradiance Model
Creators: name: Ariunbold, Gombojav O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intriguing collective spontaneous cascade emissions have recently been realized. In despite of much success, a depth understanding of the complexity is still lacking. With this motivation, a new simple cascade superradiance model is developed in this work. The existing model of identical two-level atoms is reexamined with a new insight. Temporal evolutions of average time delays and the fluctuations are introduced and the superradiance time delays are obtained in four different ways. These formulations allow to extend the two-level model to a cascade three-level model. The correlated two-mode emissions and the characteristics are discussed in detail. In the future, the correlated emissions from the collective atoms may be used, for example, in quantum noise quenching.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures