cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fundamental charges for dual-unitary circuits
Creators: name: Holden-Dye, Tom
name: Masanes, Lluis
name: Pal, Arijeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dual-unitary quantum circuits have recently attracted attention as an analytically tractable model of many-body quantum dynamics. Consisting of a 1+1D lattice of 2-qudit gates arranged in a 'brickwork' pattern, these models are defined by the constraint that each gate must remain unitary under swapping the roles of space and time. This dual-unitarity restricts the dynamics of local operators in these circuits: the support of any such operator must grow at the effective speed of light of the system, along one or both of the edges of a causal light cone set by the geometry of the circuit. Using this property, it is shown here that for 1+1D dual-unitary circuits the set of width-$w$ conserved densities (constructed from operators supported over $w$ consecutive sites) is in one-to-one correspondence with the set of width-$w$ solitons - operators which, up to a multiplicative phase, are simply spatially translated at the effective speed of light by the dual-unitary dynamics. A number of ways to construct these many-body solitons (explicitly in the case where the local Hilbert space dimension $d=2$) are then demonstrated: firstly, via a simple construction involving products of smaller, constituent solitons; and secondly, via a construction which cannot be understood as simply in terms of products of smaller solitons, but which does have a neat interpretation in terms of products of fermions under a Jordan-Wigner transformation. This provides partial progress towards a characterisation of the microscopic structure of complex many-body solitons (in dual-unitary circuits on qubits), whilst also establishing a link between fermionic models and dual-unitary circuits, advancing our understanding of what kinds of physics can be explored in this framework.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures. Section on connections between integrable dual-unitary circuits and matchgates added. Two appendices added: 1) on non-maximal velocity solitons 2) on numerical evaluation of dynamical constraints on operator space imposed by dual-unitarity. Previous discussion of dynamical constraints on operator space in appendices moved to main body of the text and expanded upon
An endpoint estimate for product singular integral operators on stratified Lie groups
Creators: name: Cowling, Michael G.
name: Lee, Ming-Yi
name: Li, Ji
name: Pipher, Jill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A80 (Primary), 22E30 (Secondary)

description: We establish hyperweak boundedness of area functions, square functions, maximal operators and Calderón--Zygmund operators on products of two stratified Lie groups.
Spatial Fluctuations Of Fluid Velocities In Flow Through A Three-Dimensional Porous Medium
Creators: name: Datta, Sujit S.
name: Chiang, Harry
name: Ramakrishnan, T. S.
name: Weitz, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use confocal microscopy to directly visualize the spatial fluctuations in fluid flow through a three-dimensional porous medium. We find that the velocity magnitudes and the velocity components both along and transverse to the imposed flow direction are exponentially distributed, even with residual trapping of a second immiscible fluid. Moreover, we find pore-scale correlations in the flow that are determined by the geometry of the medium. Our results suggest that, despite the considerable complexity of the pore space, fluid flow through it is not completely random.
description: In press, Physical Review Letters
Classification of multiplication modules over multiplication rings with finitely many minimal primes
Creators: name: Bavula, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C05, 13E05, 13F05, 13F10

description: A classification of multiplication modules over multiplication rings with finitely many minimal primes is obtained. A characterisation of multiplication rings with finitely many minimal primes is given via faithful, Noetherian, distributive modules. It is proven that for a multiplication ring with finitely many minimal primes every faithful, Noetherian, distributive module is a faithful multiplication module, and vice versa.
description: 5 pages
Role of directional fidelity in multiple extreme performance of F1-ATPase motor
Creators: name: Hou, Ruizheng
name: Wang, Zhisong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative understanding of the best possible performance of nanomotors allowed by physical laws pertains to study of nanomotors from biology as well as nanotechnology. Biological nanomotor F1-ATPase is the best available model system as it is the only nanomotor known for extreme energy conversion near the limit of energy conservation. Using a unified theoretical framework centred on a concept called directional fidelity, we analyze recent experiments in which F1-motor's performance was measured for controlled chemical potentials, and expose from the experiments quantitative evidence for the motor's multiple extreme performance in directional fidelity, speed and catalytic capability close to physical limits. Specifically, the motor nearly exhausts available energy from the fuel to retain the highest possible directional fidelity for arbitrary load, encompassing the motor's extreme energy conversion and beyond. The theory-experiment comparison implies a tight chemomechanical coupling up to stalemate as futile steps occur but unlikely involve fuel consumption. The F1-motor data also helps clarify relation between directional fidelity and experimentally measured stepping ratio.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 3 of The pulmonary toxicity of carboxylated or aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in mice is determined by the prior purification method
Creators: name: Taylor-Just, Alexia J.
name: Ihrie, Mark D.
name: Duke, Katherine S.
name: Lee, Ho Young
name: You, Dorothy J.
name: Salik Hussain
name: Vamsi K. Kodali
name: Ziemann, Christina
name: Creutzenberg, Otto
name: Vulpoi, Adriana
name: Turcu, Flaviu
name: Potara, Monica
name: Todea, Milica
name: Brule, Sybille Van Den
name: Lison, Dominique
name: Bonner, James C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3. Estimation of ID1/IG ratios from Raman spectroscopy data.
Anisotropy-driven topological quantum phase transition in magnetic impurities
Creators: name: Blesio, Germán G.
name: Manuel, Luis O.
name: Aligia, Armando A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A few years ago, a topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) has been found in Anderson and Kondo 2-channel spin-1 impurity models that include a hard-axis anisotropy term $DS_z^2$ with $D > 0$. The most remarkable manifestation of the TQPT is a jump in the spectral density of localized electrons, at the Fermi level, from very high to very low values as $D$ is increased. If the two conduction channels are equivalent, the transition takes place at the critical anisotropy $D_c \sim 2.5\; T_K$, where $T_K$ is the Kondo temperature for $D=0$. This jump might be important to develop a molecular transistor. The jump is due to a corresponding one in the Luttinger integral, which has a topological non-trivial value $π/2$ for $D > D_c$. Here, we review the main results for the spectral density and highlight the significance of the theory for the interpretation of measurements conducted on magnetic atoms or molecules on metallic surfaces. In these experiments, where $D$ is held constant, the energy scale $T_K$ is manipulated by some parameters. The resulting variation gives rise to a differential conductance $dI/dV$, measured by scanning-tunneling spectroscopy, which is consistent with a TQPT at an intermediate value of $T_K$. We also show that the theory can be extended to integer spin $S>1$ and two-impurity systems. This is also probably true for half-integer spin and non-equivalent channels in some cases.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in Materials for Quantum Technology (IOP)
Effect of saccades in tongue electrotactile stimulation for vision substitution applications
Creators: name: Chekhchoukh, Abdessalem
name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
name: Payan, Yohan
name: Glade, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The visual substitution paradigm aims to facilitate the life of blind people. Generally one uses electro-stimulating devices where electrodes are arranged into arrays to stimulate the skin or the tongue mucosa to send signals of visual type to the subjects. When an electro-stimulation signal is applied continuously (e.g. when static visual scenes are displayed for a long period of time), the receptors of the affected region can get saturated and the patient may lose the displayed information. We propose here some mechanisms that ameliorate the quality of perception of the electro-stimulation information. The electrical signal is encoded as 2D scenes projected onto the tongue via a Tongue Display Unit, i.e. an electro-tactile stimulator formed by a 12x12 matrix of electrodes. We propose to apply stochastic saccades on this signal. Our assumption is that this eye-inspired mechanism should make the visual substitution more efficient (by improving the perception) because of the reduction of the tactile receptors saturation. The influence of saccades was evaluated by a series of experiments. Results revealed a benefit on the persistence of perception due to saccades. This work helps to prevent the saturation of receptors on the tongue. Therefore increasing the quality of vision by the way of the electro-stimulation. It allows new enhancement features to retinal prosthesis devices which suffer from the same phenomenon.
An open source code for causal dynamical triangulations without preferred foliation in (1+1)- dimensions
Creators: name: Rajbhandari, Damodar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: General relativity and gravitational waves
Mathematical aspects of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and quantum information theory
Mathematical aspects of quantum and conformal field theory, quantum gravity and string theory

description: Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is an approach to Quantum Gravity based on the sum over histories line of research which gives a quantization of classical Einstein gravity using a discrete approximation to the gravitational path integral, and spacetimes are approximated by Minkowskian equilateral triangles. This approach was developed by Renate Loll, Jan Ambjørn, and Jerzy Jurkiewicz. We have used a more recent version of CDT, called CDT without preferred foliation, to write a numerical simulation of quantum spacetimes in (1+1) dimensions. This report comprises the detailed derivation of the model and the numerical implementation from how we can initialize triangulated spacetime in the form of a data structure to Monte-Carlo moves. Finally, we prove that our implemented code* does work up to where we ended up.
 * Source code is published at https://zenodo.org/record/1422810
Clustering of Extremely Red Objects in Elais-N1 from the UKIDSS DXS with optical photometry from Pan-STARRS1 and Subaru
Creators: name: Kim, Jae-Woo
name: Edge, Alastair C.
name: Wake, David A.
name: Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta
name: Baugh, Carlton M.
name: Lacey, Cedric G.
name: Yamada, Toru
name: Sato, Yasunori
name: Burgett, William S.
name: Chambers, Kenneth C.
name: Price, Paul A.
name: Foucaud, Sebastien
name: Draper, Peter
name: Kaiser, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the angular clustering of 33 415 extremely red objects (EROs) in the Elais-N1 field covering 5.33 deg$^{2}$, which cover the redshift range $z=0.8$ to $2$. This sample was made by merging the UKIDSS Deep eXtragalactic Survey (DXS) with the optical Subaru and Pan-STARRS PS1 datasets. We confirm the existence of a clear break in the angular correlation function at $\sim 0.02^{\circ}$ corresponding to $1 h^{-1}$ Mpc at $z\sim1$. We find that redder or brighter EROs are more clustered than bluer or fainter ones. Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model fits imply that the average mass of dark matter haloes which host EROs is over $10^{13} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ and that EROs have a bias ranging from 2.7 to 3.5. Compared to EROs at $z\sim1.1$, at $z\sim1.5$ EROs have a higher bias and fewer are expected to be satellite galaxies. Furthermore, EROs reside in similar dark matter haloes to those that host $10^{11.0} M_{\odot}
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Loopy Constraints on Leptophilic Dark Matter and Internal Bremsstrahlung
Creators: name: Kopp, Joachim
name: Michaels, Lisa
name: Smirnov, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sharp and spatially extended peak in an astrophysical gamma ray spectrum would provide very strong evidence for the existence of dark matter (DM), given that there are no known astrophysical processes that could mimic such a signal. From the particle physics perspective, perhaps the simplest explanation for a gamma ray peak is internal bremsstrahlung in DM annihilation through a charged t-channel mediator eta close in mass to the DM particle chi. Since DM annihilation to quarks is already tightly constrained in this scenario, we focus here on the leptophilic case. We compute the electromagnetic anapole and dipole moments that DM acquires at 1-loop, and we find an interesting enhancement of these moments if the DM particle and the mediator are close in mass. We constrain the DM anapole and dipole moments using direct detection data, and then translate these limits into bounds on the DM annihilation cross section. Our bounds are highly competitive with those from astrophysical gamma ray searches. In the second part of the paper, we derive complementary constraints on internal bremsstrahlung in DM annihilation using LEP mono-photon data, measurements of the anomalous magnetic moments of the electron and the muon, and searches for lepton flavor violation. We also comment on the impact of the internal bremsstrahlung scenario on the hyperfine splitting of true muonium.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, Journal accepted version, read it!
Bipedal nanowalker by pure physical mechanisms
Creators: name: Cheng, Juan
name: Sreelatha, Sarangapani
name: Hou, Ruizheng
name: Efremov, Artem
name: Liu, Ruchuan
name: van der Maarel, Johan RC
name: Wang, Zhisong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Artificial nanowalkers are inspired by biomolecular counterparts from living cells, but remain far from comparable to the latter in design principles. The walkers reported to date mostly rely on chemical mechanisms to gain a direction; they all produce chemical wastes. Here we report a light-powered DNA bipedal walker based on a design principle derived from cellular walkers. The walker has two identical feet and the track has equal binding sites; yet the walker gains a direction by pure physical mechanisms that autonomously amplify an intra-site asymmetry into a ratchet effect. The nanowalker is free of any chemical waste. It has a distinct thermodynamic feature that it possesses the same equilibrium before and after operation, but generates a truly non-equilibrium distribution during operation. The demonstrated design principle exploits mechanical effects and is adaptable for use in other nanomachines.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Large deviation principle for slow-fast rough differential equations via controlled rough paths
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaoyu
name: Xu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10, 60G15, 60H10

description: We prove a large deviation principle for the slow-fast rough differential equations under the controlled rough path framework. The driver rough paths are lifted from the mixed fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in (1/3,1/2)$. Our approach is based on the continuity of the solution mapping and the variational framework for mixed fractional Brownian motion. By utilizing the variational representation, our problem is transformed into a qualitative property of the controlled system. In particular, the fast rough differential equation coincides with Itô SDE almost surely, which possesses a unique invariant probability measure with frozen slow component. We then demonstrate the weak convergence of the controlled slow component by averaging with respect to the invariant measure of the fast equation and exploiting the continuity of the solution mapping.
Distributed Detection in Tree Topologies with Byzantines
Creators: name: Kailkhura, Bhavya
name: Brahma, Swastik
name: Han, Yunghsiang S.
name: Varshney, Pramod K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the problem of distributed detection in tree topologies in the presence of Byzantines. The expression for minimum attacking power required by the Byzantines to blind the fusion center (FC) is obtained. More specifically, we show that when more than a certain fraction of individual node decisions are falsified, the decision fusion scheme becomes completely incapable. We obtain closed form expressions for the optimal attacking strategies that minimize the detection error exponent at the FC. We also look at the possible counter-measures from the FC's perspective to protect the network from these Byzantines. We formulate the robust topology design problem as a bi-level program and provide an efficient algorithm to solve it. We also provide some numerical results to gain insights into the solution.
An integrated machine learning framework for effluent quality prediction in Sewage Treatment Units
Creators: name: Srungavarapu, Chandra Sainadh
name: Sheik, Abdul Gaffar
name: Tejaswini, E. S. S.
name: Yousuf, Sheik Mohammed
name: Ambati, Seshagiri Rao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The influent and effluent data from wastewater treatment plants being highly correlated with multi-variable coupling and time-varying features may degrade the performance of conventional soft sensors over time. Adaptive strategies based on just-in-time learning (JIT), moving windows (MW), and time difference (TD) are used in this work to develop an adaptive soft sensor. Multi-output Gaussian-process regression (MGPR) is selected and hybrid methods such as TD JIT, MW TD, and JIT MW TD along with TD and MGPR methods are implemented. Data from the benchmark simulation model No.1, closed-loop architecture after applying PI controller, and real-time data from the Rithala Plant of Delhi are obtained. The improved error percentage is 15.03% for total phosphorus (open-loop) using the JIT TD method when compared with the MW TD method. Fair results are observed with JIT TD on real time data with a strong correlation between predicted and observed values, above 0.8 for any variable being estimated.
Some Problems in Combinatorial Number Theory
Creators: name: Chang, Mei-Chu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008

description: We state and discuss various problems in the general area of arithmetic combinatorics and recent developments related to the 'sum-product phenomenon' in the ring of integers, the real and complex numbers and finite fields. In particular, we discuss applications and connections to the theory of exponential sums, Burgess' estimate, the subspace theorem and to SzemerediTrotter type results.
Collimated Blue and Infrared Beams Generated by Two-Photon Excitation in Rb Vapor
Creators: name: Sell, J. F.
name: Gearba, M. A.
name: DePaola, B. D.
name: Knize, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing two-photon excitation in hot Rb vapor we demonstrate the generation of collimated optical fields at 420 nm and 1324 nm. Input laser beams at 780 nm and 776 nm enter a heated Rb vapor cell collinear and circularly polarized, driving Rb atoms to the $5D_{5/2}$ state. Under phase-matching conditions coherence among the $5S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5P_{3/2}\rightarrow 5D_{5/2} \rightarrow 6P_{3/2}$ transitions produces a blue (420 nm) beam by four-wave mixing. We also observe a forward and backward propagating IR (1324 nm) beam, due to cascading decays through the $6S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5P_{1/2}$ states. Power saturation of the generated beams is investigated by scaling the input powers to greater than 200 mW, resulting in a coherent blue beam of 9.1 mW power, almost an order of magnitude larger than previously achieved. We measure the dependences of both beams in relation to the Rb density, the frequency detuning between Rb ground state hyperfine levels, and the input laser intensities.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The Differential Role of Coping, Physical Activity, and Mindfulness in College Student Adjustment
Creators: name: Moeller, Robert
name: Seehuus, Martin
name: Simonds, Jack
name: Lorton, Elanor
name: Randle, Terumi S.
name: Richter, Cicilia
name: Peisch, Virginia
Publisher: name: Middlebury
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Higher education
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and affective neuroscience

description: Research has examined the function of stress management techniques, including coping, physical activity, and mindfulness on college studentsâ€™ adjustment. The present study examined the differential contributions of three stress management techniques to studentsâ€™ maladaptation (perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness) and adaptation (self-esteem). Undergraduate students (N = 1185) responded to an online survey. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that all three stress management techniques â€" coping, physical activity, and mindfulness â€" were related to the five outcomes as predicted. Higher levels of disengagement coping strategies were related to higher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. Components of mindfulness emerged as a strong predictor of adaptation.
Visualisation of clogging in green infrastructure growing media
Creators: name: Peng, Zhangjie
name: Edmondson, Jill
name: Stirling, Ross
name: Green, Daniel
name: Dawson, Richard
name: De-Ville, Simon
name: Stovin, Virginia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Growing media in green infrastructure (GI) designed for stormwater management plays a critical role in providing hydrological benefits. However, sediment deposition by urban stormwater can cause clogging and reduce the infiltration capacity. This study introduces a new approach to characterise the impact of clogging of GI that uses fluorescent tracer particles. Results are compared for two contrasting growing media: Grey to Green Substrate (G2G) and Marie Curie Substrate (MCS). Results showed that most sediment particles were retained on the surface of both growing media, and surface clogging in G2G caused a decrease in infiltration capacity. Sediment vertical movement was observed in both growing media, but particles travelled deeper in MCS. Vertical sediment movement is influenced by the growing media’s pore size distribution, and a high clogging risk is expected in growing media with a pore size distribution that is close to the particle size distribution of the incoming sediment particles.
Integrating spatial clustering with predictive modeling of pipe failures in water distribution systems
Creators: name: Abokifa, Ahmed A.
name: Sela, Lina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pipe failures in water distribution infrastructure (WDI) have significant economic, environmental and public health impacts. To alleviate these impacts, repair and replacement decisions need to be prioritized to effectively reduce failure rates. In this study, a computational framework is proposed for WDI asset management that couples spatial clustering analysis with predictive modeling of pipe failures. First, hotspot/coldspot clusters of statistically significant high/low failure rates are identified using local indicators of spatial association. Second, the predictive abilities of eight statistical learning techniques are systematically tested, and the best-performing method is implemented to forecast failure rates,(breaks/(km.year)) within different sectors of the WDI. Third, the framework is implemented to compare the impact of adopting proactive instead of reactive pipe replacement strategies. Applying the framework to a real-life, large-scale WDI revealed that spatial clustering of pipe failures improves the accuracy of the prediction models.
The resilience of interdependent transportation networks under targeted attack
Creators: name: Zhang, Peng
name: Cheng, Baisong
name: Zhao, Zhuang
name: Li, Daqing
name: Lu, Guangquan
name: Wang, Yunpeng
name: Xiao, Jinghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern world builds on the resilience of interdependent infrastructures characterized as complex networks. Recently, a framework for analysis of interdependent networks has been developed to explain the mechanism of resilience in interdependent networks. Here we extend this interdependent network model by considering flows in the networks and study the system's resilience under different attack strategies. In our model, nodes may fail due to either overload or loss of interdependency. Under the interaction between these two failure mechanisms, it is shown that interdependent scale-free networks show extreme vulnerability. The resilience of interdependent SF networks is found in our simulation much smaller than single SF network or interdependent SF networks without flows.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
A numerical investigation of the mechanics of intracranial aneurysms walls: Assessing the influence of tissue hyperelastic laws and heterogeneous properties on the stress and stretch fields
Creators: name: Oliveira, Iago
name: Cardiff, Philip
name: Baccin, Carlos E.
name: Gasche, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations have been extensively used in the past two decades for the study of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), a dangerous disease that occurs in the arteries that reach the brain. They may affect up to 10 % of the world's population, with up to 50 % mortality rate, in case of rupture. Physically, the blood flow inside IAs should be modeled as a fluid-solid interaction problem. However, the large majority of those works have focused on the hemodynamics of the intra-aneurysmal flow, while ignoring the wall tissue's mechanical response entirely, through rigid-wall modeling, or using limited modeling assumptions for the tissue mechanics. One of the explanations is the scarce data on the properties of IAs walls, thus limiting the use of better modeling options. Unfortunately, this situation is still the case, thus our present study investigates the effect of different modeling approaches to simulate the motion of an IA. We used three hyperelastic laws and two different ways of modeling the wall thickness and tissue mechanical properties -- one assumed that both were uniform while the other accounted for the heterogeneity of the wall by using a "hemodynamics-driven" approach in which both thickness and material constants varied spatially with the cardiac-cycle-averaged hemodynamics. Pulsatile numerical simulations, with patient-specific vascular geometries harboring IAs, were carried out using the one-way fluid-solid interaction solution strategy, in which the blood flow is solved and applied as the driving force of the wall motion. We found that different wall morphology models yield smaller absolute differences in the mechanical response than different hyperelastic laws. Furthermore, the stretch levels of IAs walls were more sensitive to the hyperelastic and material constants than the stress. These findings could be used to guide modeling decisions on IA simulations.
description: Preprint submitted to the Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, with 33 pages and 10 figures
Searching for chemical inhomogeneities in Open Clusters: Analysis of the CN and CH Molecular Band Strengths in NGC 2158, NGC 2420, NGC 2682, NGC 7789 and Berkeley 29
Creators: name: Carrera, R.
name: Martinez-Vazquez, C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The total mass of a cluster, being the main parameter determining its ability to host more than one stellar generation, may constitute a threshold below which the cluster is able to form only a single stellar population. AIms: Our goal is to investigate the existence of star-to-star variations of CN and CH band strengths, related to the N and C abundances, respectively, among the stars in five open cluster (NGC 2158, NGC 2420, NGC 2682, NGC 7789 and Berkeley 29) similar to those observed in globular clusters and linked with the existence of multiple populations therein. Since these systems are less massive than globulars, our results may allow us to constrain the lower mass necessary to form more than one stellar population. Methods: We measured the strength of the CN and CH bands, which correlate with the C and N abundances, using four molecular indices in low-resolution SDSS/SEGUE spectra. Results: We found that for four of the open clusters (NGC 2158, NGC 2420, NGC 2682 and Berkeley 29) all the stars studied in each of them have similar CN and CH band strengths within the uncertainties since neither anomalous spreads nor bimodalities have been detected in their CN and CH distributions. In contrast, for NGC 7789 we found an anomalous spread in the strength of the CN molecular band at 3839 Åwhich is larger than the uncertainties. However, the small number of stars studied in this cluster implies that further analysis is needed to confirm the existence of chemical inhomogeneities in this cluster.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A, Tables 7, 8 and 9 will be publish online
Use of PrEP, Sexual Behaviors and Mental Health Correlates in a Sample of Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men
Creators: name: Moeller, Robert
name: Seehuus, Martin
name: Wahl, Logan
name: Gratch, Ilana
Publisher: name: Middlebury
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Higher education
subject: Sexualities
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and affective neuroscience

description: We sought to document the correlates of mental health and sexual behaviors of PrEP using and non-using gay, bisexual, and other MSM. Depression, anxiety and internalized homophobia scores were all significantly lower for PrEP users compared to HIV-negative non-PrEP users. PrEP use was found to moderate the relationship between anxiety and condomless anal intercourse (CAI), such that rates of anxiety were higher for non-PrEP users reporting greater numbers of CAI partners, while remaining stable for PrEP users. Use of PrEP was associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and internalized homophobia.
A Conceptual analysis on the role of FMCG sector in building Self-Reliant India
Creators: name: Sudeep B Chandramana
name: Tojy George Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150504 Marketing Measurement
subject: 150506 Marketing Theory

description: Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan or Self-reliant India campaign is the idea of a new India envisioned by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. Special economic and comprehensive package of INR 20 lakh crores - equivalent to 10% of India’s GDP – was announced by the central government to fight Covid-19 pandemic in India. The aim of this “vocal for local” is to make the country and its citizens independent and self-reliant in all senses. The government is taking several bold reforms such as Supply Chain Reforms for Agriculture, Rational Tax Systems, Simple & Clear Laws, Capable Human Resource and Strong Financial System. The call for “vocal for local”, made by the Prime Minister has come as a strong support for many industries in India as this allows the Indian industries to emerge and expand after the mayhem caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector is a significant contributor to India’s GDP growth. The sector has powerful presence of leading multinational companies, competition between organized and unorganized players, robust distribution network, and low operational cost. This paper studies the status of Indian FMCG sector and its impact on the call for “vocal for local” to become Self-reliant India.
A Study of Fully Developed Turbulent Flow at a Very High Reynolds Number
Creators: name: Nagashi, Masahiro Howard
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1931
Subjects: turbulent flow
Reynolds number
Aeronautics

description: The object of this experiment is to make a study of a fully developed turbulent flow at a very high Reynolds Number, using a large circular tube, through with air was drawn.  In determining the behavior of the air stream, Pitot tubes were used in the present experiment.  This investigation is a preliminary study of the turbulence and other characteristics of the tunnel for the subsequent experiment to be conducted by Mr. A. M. Kuethe of the California Institute of Technology.  In the subsequent experiment, a direct measurement of the eddying motion and a determination of the values of mischungsweg distribution of the turbulent flow will be made at the same measuring sections in the same tunnel, using an electric anemometer and oscillograph method.
Type Ia Supernova Rate Measurements to Redshift 2.5 from CANDELS : Searching for Prompt Explosions in the Early Universe
Creators: name: Rodney, Steven A.
name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Strolger, Louis-Gregory
name: Dahlen, Tomas
name: Graur, Or
name: Casertano, Stefano
name: Dickinson, Mark E.
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Garnavich, Peter
name: Hayden, Brian
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Jones, David O.
name: Kirshner, Robert P.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: McCully, Curtis
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Patel, Brandon
name: Weiner, Benjamin J.
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Clubb, Kelsey I.
name: Cooper, Michael
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Frederiksen, Teddy F.
name: Hjorth, Jens
name: Leibundgut, Bruno
name: Matheson, Thomas
name: Nayyeri, Hooshang
name: Penner, Kyle
name: Trump, Jonathan
name: Silverman, Jeffrey M.
name: U, Vivian
name: Bostroem, K. Azalee
name: Challis, Peter
name: Rajan, Abhijith
name: Wolff, Schuyler
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Grogin, Norman A.
name: Kocevski, Dale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) was a multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that surveyed a total area of ~0.25 deg^2 with ~900 HST orbits spread across 5 fields over 3 years. Within these survey images we discovered 65 supernovae (SN) of all types, out to z~2.5. We classify ~24 of these as Type Ia SN (SN Ia) based on host-galaxy redshifts and SN photometry (supplemented by grism spectroscopy of 6 SN). Here we present a measurement of the volumetric SN Ia rate as a function of redshift, reaching for the first time beyond z=2 and putting new constraints on SN Ia progenitor models. Our highest redshift bin includes detections of SN that exploded when the universe was only ~3 Gyr old and near the peak of the cosmic star-formation history. This gives the CANDELS high-redshift sample unique leverage for evaluating the fraction of SN Ia that explode promptly after formation (<500 Myr). Combining the CANDELS rates with all available SN Ia rate measurements in the literature we find that this prompt SN Ia fraction is fP=0.53 +0.09 -0.10 (stat) +0.10 -0.26 (sys), consistent with a delay time distribution that follows a simple t^{-1} power law for all times t>40 Myr. However, a mild tension is apparent between ground-based low-z surveys and space-based high-z surveys. In both CANDELS and the sister HST program CLASH, we find a low rate of SN Ia at z>1. This could be a hint that prompt progenitors are in fact relatively rare, accounting for only ~20% of all SN Ia explosions -- though further analysis and larger samples will be needed to examine that suggestion.
description: 20 pages + 10-page appendix, 12 figures + 5 in appendix; Accepted to AJ ; latest version includes updates to discussion and figures, responding to referee and others
On the Chi square and higher-order Chi distances for approximating f-divergences
Creators: name: Nielsen, Frank
name: Nock, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We report closed-form formula for calculating the Chi square and higher-order Chi distances between statistical distributions belonging to the same exponential family with affine natural space, and instantiate those formula for the Poisson and isotropic Gaussian families. We then describe an analytic formula for the $f$-divergences based on Taylor expansions and relying on an extended class of Chi-type distances.
description: 11 pages, two tables, no figure. Java(TM) code available online at http://www.informationgeometry.org/fDivergence/
Sand filtration for greywater treatment: long-term performance evaluation and optimization by response surface methodology
Creators: name: Shaikh, Irshad N.
name: Ahammed, M. Mansoor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Greywater treatment and reuse is getting increasing attention all over the world, and sand filters are one of the on-site greywater treatment alternatives. Effects of media size, media depth and flow rates on the performance of the continuously operated saturated sand filters treating greywater were evaluated in this study. River sand of three different media sizes 0.30-0.60 (fine), 0.60-0.85 (medium), and 0.85-1.18 (coarse) mm was used and sand filters with the same media size were constructed and operated at flow rates of 10 (320 L/m2/day), 20 and 30 L/d. Fine sand media filter operated at a hydraulic loading rate of 320 L/m2/day gave the best performance with 99, 94 and 95% removal of turbidity, BOD and COD, respectively. NH4-N, PO4-P and FC were reduced by 84, 99% and 1.65 log, respectively. An optimization study showed an optimum sand size of 0.68 mm and a hydraulic loading rate of 470 L/m2/day.
title: Corticospinal excitability and reflex modulation in a non-stretched muscle following unilateral stretching
Creators: name: Hadjizadeh Anvar, Saman
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Non-local effects of physical activity of a limb have been investigated in the literature focusing on cross-over or non-local muscles. The terms “cross-over” or “non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF)” have been subsequently introduced. However, the results of the studies are conflicting. While the NLMF research studies applied fatiguing interventions, other manipulations like muscle stretching have been shown to have non-local effects. However, the research outcomes regarding the non-local muscle stretching (NLMS) effects are conflicting as well. The accurate mechanisms underlying these possible effects throughout the neural pathway have not yet been elucidated. Hence, the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of soleus muscle stretching in the dominant leg on the crossover muscle.
Weak compactons of nonlinearly dispersive KdV and KP equations
Creators: name: Anco, Stephen C.
name: Gandarias, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A weak formulation is devised for the K(m,n) equation which is a nonlinearly dispersive generalization of the gKdV equation having compacton solutions. With this formulation, explicit weak compacton solutions are derived, including ones that do not exist as classical (strong) solutions. Similar results are obtained for a nonlinearly dispersive generalization of the gKP equation in two dimensions, which possesses line compacton solutions.
description: 17 pages, published version
A 4p BaF2 detector for (n,g) cross section measurements at a spallation neutron source
Creators: name: Heil, M.
name: Reifarth, R.
name: Fowler, M. M.
name: Haight, R. C.
name: Käppeler, F.
name: Rundberg, R. S.
name: Seabury, E. H.
name: Ullmann, J. L.
name: Wilhelmy, J. B.
name: Wisshak, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quest for improved neutron capture cross sections for advanced reactor concepts, transmutation of radioactive wastes as well as for astrophysical scenarios of neutron capture nucleosynthesis has motivated new experimental efforts based on modern techniques. Recent measurements in the keV region have shown that a 4p BaF2 detector represents an accurate and versatile instrument for such studies. The present work deals with the potential of such a 4p BaF2 detector in combination with spallation neutron sources, which offer large neutron fluxes over a wide energy range. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations with the GEANT package have been performed to investigate the critical backgrounds at a spallation facility, to optimize the detector design, and to discuss alternative solutions.
On the Torsion of Wings
Creators: name: Zahorski, Adam Teodor
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1931
Subjects: Aeronautics
Aeronautical Engineering

description: Methods of investigation of pure torsion differ in many ways from the general method of procedure for other types of stresses. First it is very difficult to subject a body to a pure torsion without superposing bending moments; second the exact determination of twisting moment is in most cases very doubtful; third, a body subjected to torsional shearing stresses in general does not deform according to a simple law, but this deformation is usually a function of the geometry of the body.
Untitled ItemA Conceptual analysis on the role of FMCG sector in building Self-Reliant India
Creators: name: Sudeep B Chandramana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150504 Marketing Measurement
subject: 150506 Marketing Theory

description: Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan or Self-reliant India campaign is the idea of a new India envisioned by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. Special economic and comprehensive package of INR 20 lakh crores - equivalent to 10% of India’s GDP – was announced by the central government to fight Covid-19 pandemic in India. The aim of this “vocal for local” is to make the country and its citizens independent and self-reliant in all senses. The government is taking several bold reforms such as Supply Chain Reforms for Agriculture, Rational Tax Systems, Simple & Clear Laws, Capable Human Resource and Strong Financial System. The call for “vocal for local”, made by the Prime Minister has come as a strong support for many industries in India as this allows the Indian industries to emerge and expand after the mayhem caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector is a significant contributor to India’s GDP growth. The sector has powerful presence of leading multinational companies, competition between organized and unorganized players, robust distribution network, and low operational cost. This paper studies the status of Indian FMCG sector and its impact on the call for “vocal for local” to become Self-reliant India.