cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Approximation in Russian and the single-word constraint
Creators: name: Billings, Loren Allen
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1995

description: Russian quantifiers are known for their complexity. This dissertation investigates expressions of indefinite quantity--specifically, accusative-assigning s 'about' of approximate measure.This preposition has undergone a somewhat unique diachronic change which now requires that its complement consist of only a single word. I chronicle the advent of the single-word restriction (LONE-WD), showing historical data with multi-word complements of s. Adjective-noun and numeral-noun complements were once attested; Russian now requires only one word after s. This study investigates various apparent exceptions to LONE-WD, which are violated only under very specific circumstances. These exceptions clarify the morphosyntax of-- paucal numerals ('two' through 'four' and the fractions pol 'half' and četvert´ 'quarter'),-- 'prequantifier' adjectives,-- syntactic compounds (adjective-noun sequences which inflect separately but are treated by the syntax as a single word), and-- large-quantity numbers (tysjača 'thousand' and greater). Distributions of special genitive-singular and -plural forms, assigned only by quantifiers, are shown to be distinct: Only paucal numerals in morphological nominative case assign 'ADPAUCAL' genitive-singular forms (such as end-stressed čaSA 'hours'); a number of elements, not just numerals, trigger 'COUNT' genitive plural forms (čelovek 'people'). Other constructions discussed include okolo 'approximately', approximative inversion, ètak 'about', and neskol´ko 'several':Quantification is not a syntactic category but a semantic feature for which okolo is unmarked; okolo is quantificational only if its sister is a quantifier. Otherwise okolo is merely proximative: 'near'. Tests confirm that quantificational okolo heads a prepositional phrase within the noun phrase. While most prepositional quantifiers have this structure, accusative-assigning s is the relativized head of a hybrid phrase due to featural deficiencies.Numeral-noun complements of s undergo approximative inversion--the noun moving to specifier position--to circumvent LONE-WD. Approximative inversion is likewise subject to a variant of LONE-WD, which requires a single PROSODIC word in the quantified constituent. When inversion is impossible a pleonastic count noun is inserted instead.An Optimality-theoretic model is proposed, formalizing LONE-WD and constraints requiring prosodic contiguity and exceptions to LONE-WD caused by words expressing more closely defined measure.
title: Cell-cell communication and competition in human pluripotent stem cells
Creators: name: Zhu, Hanrui
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Nearly all of the cells in our body communicate with each other to support tissue and organ function. This cell-cell communication can result in either Co-operation or competition, where fitter cells outcompete less fit cells for space and nutrients. Cell competition has been widely studied during tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis, however less is known about how other cell types compete with each other. Human stem cells have great therapeutic potential for a variety of conditions including heart disease, burns, neurodegenerative disorders and others. Here we investigate whether gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) contributes to cell competition in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Because GJIC has previously been shown to spread pro-apoptotic stimuli, we hypothesize that GJIC-deficient hiPSCs will exhibit enhanced fitness and outcompete GJIC-competent cells. To create GJIC-deficient cells, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout Cx43, which is the main gap junctional protein present in hiPSCs. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that Cx43-deficient cells can physically interact with wild type cells and undergo apoptosis at similar rates. Co-culturing resulted in similar proportions of GJIC-competent and deficient cells, as measured by flow cytometry. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that hiPSC cell competition is independent of the gap junction protein, Cx43. Ongoing experiments are evaluating how other Cx isoforms may contribute to hiPSC competition. Understanding how stem cells compete with each other will aid researchers in designing and optimizing safe, effective stem cell therapies for use in regenerative medicine.
Drosophila bandeiratorum Dobzhansky & Pavan 1943
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila bandeiratorum

description: bandeiratorum Dobzhansky & Pavan, 1943: 30. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Mogi das Cruzes. HT M (MZUSP). NT Distr.: Mexico to Colombia (Bogota, D:C, Cundinamarca (Fusagasugá)) and Argentina. Refs.: Hunter, 1964: 39; Hunter, 1966: 416; Hunter & Navarro, 1969: 1102.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 725, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Glyphis garricki Compagno, White & Last 2008
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Glyphis
Glyphis garricki

description: Glyphis garricki Compagno, White & Last, 2008
Northern River Shark
Glyphis garricki Compagno, White & Last, 2008: 204, Figs 1 –6. Holotype: CSIRO H 5262-01. Type locality: East Alligator River, Northern Territory, Australia
Local synonymy: Carcharhinus gangeticus - Filewood, 1973: 5 (PNG); Haines, 1979a: 6 (Purari Delta); Haines, 1979b: 6 (Purari Delta). Glyphis species—Kailola, 1987: 18 (“very similar third species” - PNG). Glyphis garricki Compagno et al., 2008: 204 (Baimuru; Port Romilly)—Last & Stevens, 2009: 276 (PNG); Compagno et al., 2010: 41 (Baimuru; Port Romilly); Ebert et al., 2013: 480, pl. 69 (PNG); White et al., 2015a: 1, figs 4 and 6 (Daru; Katatai); White et al., 2018: 164, figs (PNG).
PNG voucher material: (3 spec.) KFRS E.217 (dried jaws), adult male ~ 1500–1700 mm TL, KFRS E.219 (dried jaws), Port Romilly, Gulf Province, 7°33’ S, 144°50’ E, 12 Mar. 1966; KFRS E.473 (dried jaws), 1020 mm TL, Baimuru, Gulf Province, 7°33’ S, 144°51’ E, 28 Mar. 1974. In Compagno et al. (2008), the dried jaws above were listed as LWF-E217, LWF-E219, LWF-E473; loaned to LJV Compagno, possibly still in South African Museum in Cape Town.
Remarks: Filewood (1973) included the species C. gangeticus and C. glyphis in his key to PNG sharks and rays which were distinguished from the other Carcharhinus species in have feeble precaudal pits and flattened snouts; longitudinal, shallow precaudal pits is a key distinguishing feature between Glyphis and Carcharhinus species which have a deep crescentic pit. The key characters provided by Filewood (1973) which distinguish his C. gangeticus and C. glyphis were the number of lower teeth (15 pairs vs. 12–14 pairs) and number of precaudal vertebrae (more than 100 vs. less than 100). The number of lower teeth matches G. garricki and G. glyphis but the number of vertebrae is opposite. But, in the couplet for C. glyphis the ‘less’ in “precaudal vertebrae less than 100” has been crossed off and replaced with a> by hand, suggesting an error in the printed version; thus it is likely that the precaudal counts were swapped around for the two species. Dried jaws of G. garricki from the KFRS collection were originally identified as C. gangeticus. Recently recorded by White et al. (2015) from coastal fisheries catches in Western Province where it is caught occasionally.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Constraints on phonological interactions
Creators: name: Blumenfeld, Lev A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2006

description: Optimality Theory (OT) is committed to a view of phonology where significant generalizations are placed in the character of output structures. Markedness constraints state these surface preferences, and grammars are free to choose from a variety of paths (repair strategies) that enforce the output structures. OT faces systematic difficulties with cases where a given markedness constraint is observed to cause fewer repairs than predicted by the theory. This dissertation examines several cases of this type, termed 'too-many-solutions' problems. I argue that the difficulty faced by OT is due to the significant phonological generalizations being most insightfully stated not as output preferences, but preferences for input-output mappings. I argue for a new type of OT markedness constraint to handle such 'procedural' generalizations. Unlike traditional markedness constraints, these new constraints penalize dispreferred processes rather than output forms. The typology of interactions between prosodic and segmental properties provides the empirical evidence for the proposals. The asymmetry between, on the one hand, those phonological categories to which stress can be sensitive, and on the other, those properties which it can condition has posed an intractable too-many-solutions problem for standard OT. At the root of the difficulties, I argue, is the fact that the important generalization in the domain of prosody-segmental interactions is in the processes, not the outputs. The formal proposals are first developed with reference to this empirical domain. I propose a theory of procedural markedness constraints which refer to the direction of interaction between the relevant categories. These constraints penalize the candidates that involve typologically unobserved repair strategies in such a way that those candidates cannot be optimal. In the final part of the dissertation I apply the new theory of constraints to another problematic too-many-solutions case, the typology of vowel syncope and epenthesis. Here, too, the procedural markedness constraints become necessary to account for systematic gaps in the conditioning environments of the two processes.
Biases and Stages in Phonological Acquisition
Creators: name: Tessier, Anne-Michelle
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: This dissertation presents Error-Selective Learning, an error-driven model of phonological acquisition in Optimality Theory which is both restrictive and gradual. Together these two properties provide a model that can derive many attested intermediate stages in phonological development, and yet also explains how learners eventually converge on the target grammar. Error-Selective Learning is restrictive because its ranking algorithm is a version of Biased Constraint Demotion (BCD: Prince and Tesar, 2004). BCD learners store their errors in a table called the Support, and use ranking biases to build the most restrictive ranking compatible with their Support. The version of BCD adopted here has three such biases: (i) one for high-ranking Markedness (Smolensky 1996) (ii) on for high-ranking OO-Faith constraints (McCarthy 1998); Hayes 2004); and (iii) one for ranking specific IO-Faith constraints above general ones (Smith 2000; Hayes 2004). Error-Selective Learning is gradual because it uses a novel mechanism for introducing errors into the Support. As errors are made they are not immediately used to learn new rankings, but rather stored temporarily in an Error Cache. Learning via BCD is only triggered once some constraint has caused too many errors to be ignored. Once learning is triggered, the learner chooses one best error in the Cache to add to the Support -- an error that will cause minimal changes to the current grammar. The first main chapter synthesizes the existing arguments for this BCD algorithm, and emphasizes the necessity of the Support's stored errors. The subsequent chapter presents Error-Selective Learning, using cross-linguistic examples of attested intermediate stages that can be accounted for in this approach. The next chapter compares ESL to a well-known alternative, the Gradual Learning Algorithm (GLA: Boersma, 1997, 1998; Boersma and Hayes, 2001), and argues that the GLA is overall not well-suited to learning restrictively because it does not store its errors, and because it cannot reason from errors to rankings in the way that BCD does. The final chapter presents an artificial language learning experiment, designed to test for high-ranking OO-faith in children's grammar, whose results are consistent with the biases and stages of Error-Selective Learning.
Sport innovation ecosystems: exploring interorganisational relationships and the impacts of ecosystem innovation on sport organisations
Creators: name: Parente Correia, Olga Luisa
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2025

description: Sport organisations are being pushed to innovate to address the increased commercialism, professionalisation and digitalisation of the sector and the consequent new demands of customers/fans. As these organisations implement open innovation and realise that they can build their capabilities by creating or engaging in innovation ecosystems, this thesis explored innovation ecosystems in the sports industry aiming to define sport innovation ecosystem (SIE) and explain the motivations, benefits and challenges of engaging in SIEs. This study was developed through a sequential qualitative-qualitative multimethod research design consisting of a focus group and four case studies. The data was analysed through an inductive process of qualitative content analysis and enabled the identification of common themes and key characteristics of SIEs. Having both theoretical and managerial implications, this study proposed a definition of SIE based on the interorganisational relationships and interdependence between SIE actors who combine capabilities and have complementary roles in the process of innovating and creating shared value. Further to defining SIEs, this study also proposed a classification framework that outlines the key aspects of SIEs including their creation and development, identifying key actors and roles, the collaboration and value cocreation process, the strategies, and key benefits and challenges of engaging in SIEs.
Drosophila bedicheki Heed & Russell 1971
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila bedicheki

description: bedicheki Heed & Russell, 1971:126. Type locality: Trinidad & Tobago, Trinidad, Narica, Nariva Swamp. HT M (USNM). NT Distr. Trinidad, Colombia (Amazonas (Leticia), Bogota, D:C)). Refs.: Heed &Russel, 1971: 101.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 725, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Glyphis glyphis glyphis Muller & Henle 1839
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Glyphis
Glyphis glyphis

description: Glyphis glyphis Müller & Henle, 1839
Speartooth Shark
Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis Müller & Henle, 1839: 40, Pl. 14. Holotype: ZMB 5265 (stuffed). Type locality: probably Indian Ocean; Roberts (2007) suggested type locality may be the South China Sea.
Local synonymy: Carcharhinus glyphis— Filewood, 1973: 5 (PNG); Haines, 1979a: 11 (Purari Delta); Haines, 1979b: 94 (Purari Delta). Glyphis glyphis— Compagno, 1984: 509 (New Guinea); Kailola, 1987: 17 (PNG); Compagno et al., 2008: 213 (Port Romilly; Alligator Island, Fly River); Last & Stevens, 2009: 277 (PNG); Compagno et al., 2010: 41 (Port Romilly; Alligator Island, Fly River); Ebert et al., 2013: 482, pl. 69 (PNG); White et al., 2015a: 1, figs 2, 3 and 5 (Katatai); White et al., 2018: 166, figs (PNG). Glyphis cf glyphis— Roberts, 2007: 282 (New Guinea).
PNG voucher material: (3 spec.) CSIRO H 7670-01 (dried jaws), pregnant female ~ 2370–2600 mm TL, Katatai, Daru, Western Province, 9°01’15” S, 143°20’31” E, 23 Oct. 2014; KFRS E.218 (dried jaws), juvenile female ~ 1600–1800 mm TL, Port Romilly, Gulf Province, 7°33’ S, 144°50’ E, 12 Mar. 1966; KFRS E.405B (dried jaws), ~ 1600–1800 mm TL, Alligator Island, 200 miles upstream in Fly River, 7°19’ S, 141°11’ E, Feb. 1970. In Compagno et al. (2008), the KFRS dried jaws above were listed as LWF-E218 and LWF-E405B; loaned to LJV Compagno, possibly still in South African Museum in Cape Town.
Remarks: First recorded from PNG by Filewood (1973) as Carcharhinus glyphis (see comments in G. garricki remarks above). Recently recorded by White et al. (2015) from coastal fisheries catches in Western Province where it is caught occasionally.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Rich Lexicons and Restrictive Grammars: Maximum Likelihood Learning in Optimality Theory
Creators: name: Jarosz, Gaja
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2006

description: This dissertation undertakes the full formal problem of phonological learning - the learning of phonological lexicons and restrictive phonological grammars that assign hidden structure given only overt (unstructured) phonological forms with associated morphemes (e.g. ). A major challenge is the learning of grammars that are simultaneously restrictive and have generalizing capacity, two contradictory requirements. The proposed solution, Maximum Likelihood Learning of Lexicons and Grammars (MLG), combines a probabilistic formulation of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004) with statistical learning via likelihood maximization. Chapter 2 introduces the proposed theory of phonological learning, whose central premise is that the correct grammar and lexicon combination makes the overt forms most likely, given richness of the base. The generalizing capacity of grammars is attributed to formal linguistic theory, in particular to implicational markedness universals. The identification of restrictive grammars is the consequence of maximum likelihood learning in conjunction with explicit reliance on richness of the base. Chapter 3 proposes EMGL, a possible algorithm for learning within MLG. EMGL is a variant of the well-known Expectation-Maximization algorithm. This procedure is demonstrated to successfully learn general, restrictive grammars and correct lexicons in a variety of artificial language systems with different kinds of hidden structure: syllable structure, yer vowels, voicing neutralization, and free variation.While the ability of MLG to identify restrictive grammars is due to reliance on likelihood maximization, its ability to identify grammars with generalizing capacity depends on the formal linguistic system it incorporates. Chapter 4 focuses on typological variation in the domain of syllable structure, extending the formal linguistic system to account for apparent implicational markedness inconsistencies in this domain. The novel theory of syllable structure and sonority restrictions, Headed Feature Domain Syllable Theory, is applied to Polish, accounting for a variety of complex sonority restrictions and building a foundation for the modeling of the acquisition of syllable structure.  The predictions of MLG for the process of acquisition are discussed in Chapter 5. The proposed learning theory builds a foundation for the computational modeling of child phonological acquisition, accounting for the end states of two stages of acquisition, phonotactic learning and morphophonemic learning, as well as the gradual transition between these stages. Markedness is predicted to be the primary constraint on possible acquisition paths, with frequency playing a secondary role. The thesis presents stage-by-stage predictions for the acquisition of onsets of varying sonority and complexity in Polish based on observed frequencies of various onsets in Polish.
Calorie Labeling of Dining Hall Menus to Decrease College Obesity
Creators: name: Poggi, Alex
name: Karcich, Jenika
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Nutritional information labels for food on menu in Rutgers University Dining Halls attempt to improve student's health and eating habits.
description: The issue have decided to tackle is that of college obesity, which is becoming an increasing widespread issue throughout the United States.  We modeled our service project to improve the nutritional status of Rutgers Students around the 2008 New York City Board of Health law that forced chain restaurants to display the calorie content of their food.  We proposed the idea to have index cards with the calorie content of each food displayed in the dining hall.  When we met with the head of the Rutgers Healthy Dining Team, we were told they provide a website with nutritional information and a computer in each dining hall for the students to use.  This resource is not adequate because students do not know about it and do not want to take the time to look up the calorie content of their food before they even decide what they are going to eat for that meal.  We made the calorie content cards for each food ourselves and displayed them at Neilson Dining Hall for lunch.  The cards were a success and students seemed to make healthier choices for their meals.
An adaptive multivariate functional EWMA control chart
Creators: name: Capezza, Christian
name: Capizzi, Giovanna
name: Centofanti, Fabio
name: Lepore, Antonio
name: Palumbo, Biagio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: In many modern industrial scenarios, measurements of the quality characteristics of interest are often required to be represented as functional data or profiles. This motivates the growing interest in extending traditional univariate statistical process monitoring (SPM) schemes to the functional data setting. This article proposes a new SPM scheme, which is referred to as adaptive multivariate functional EWMA (AMFEWMA), to extend the well-known exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart from the univariate scalar to the multivariate functional setting. The proposed method distinguishes itself by adaptively selecting the weighting parameter in the calculation of the EWMA statistic to enhance the sensitivity of the AMFEWMA control chart across a spectrum of potential out-of-control scenarios. Such adaptability is essential in industrial processes, where multivariate functional quality characteristics are also subject to varying degrees of change. The favorable performance of the AMFEWMA control chart over existing methods is assessed via an extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Its practical applicability is demonstrated through a case study in monitoring the quality of a resistance spot welding (RSW) process in the automotive industry through online observations of dynamic resistance curves, which are associated with multiple spot welds on the same car body and are recognized as highly representative of the RSW process quality. The proposed method is implemented in the R package funcharts, available online on CRAN.
Loxodon Muller & Henle 1838
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Loxodon

description: Genus Loxodon Müller & Henle, 1838a
Sliteye Shark
Loxodon Müller & Henle, 1838a: 36. Type species: Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle, 1839, by subsequent monotypy; appeared first with no included species.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
The Importance of Energy Conservation: Raising Awareness in Today's Youth
Creators: name: Volyand, Felix
name: Woodman, Paul
name: Hook, Christopher
name: Reece, Mat
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Rutgers' students attend local middle school "Rabbi Pesach Ramon Yeshiva" to inform students on how to conserve energy.
description: One of the increasing hazards in our society has been the overuse of energy. Over the past decades we have seen an increase in the amount energy used in households due to evolving technology, as well as the lack of knowledge of how harmful this is becoming to the environment. Our group felt this was a great area to focus our service project on, and decided upon educating a local middle school on the importance of energy conservation.
A Landmark Underspecification Account of the Patterning of Glottal Stop
Creators: name: Borroff, Marianne
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: This dissertation addresses the asymmetry in patterning between laryngeal and supralaryngeal consonants. In this dissertation, I consider four patterns: (1) required identity-across-glottals (in V1?V2, V1 = V2); (2) hiatus resolution-like processes in V?V(V?V patterns with VV); (3) prohibition of glottal stop from syllable onset or coda; and (4) temporal instability of sequences with glottal stop (e.g. vowel intrusion: Vx?C -> Vx?VxC,coalescence of C? to C'). I present a unified analysis of these patterns within the frameworks of Articulatory Phonology (Browman and Goldstein 1986, et seq.) and Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993), in which utterances are comprised of abstract articulatory gestures (rather than segments or features). I argue that the exceptional behavior of glottal stop is a function of its acoustic properties: in contrast to oral stop consonants, glottal stop does not condition formant transitions, and therefore lacks the landmarks of ONSET (marking the beginning of the gesture) and OFFSET (marking the end of the gesture. Based on data on temporal relations within syllables and sequences (e.g. in Browman and Goldstein 2000), I propose that the ONSET and OFFSET landmarks are points of alignment for phasing relations that underlie syllabification and sequentiality. Because it lacks these crucial landmarks (the Landmark Underspecification proposal), glottal stop cannot participate unambiguously in syllabic or sequential phasing relations.This approach provides an account of each of the patterns described above. Hiatus resolution-across-glottals occurs because the glottal stop cannot satisfy the constraint that requires syllable onsets to be precisely phased with respect to the following vowel; glottal stop is therefore not a satisfactory syllable onset. Languages in which the vowels flanking laryngeal consonants are required to be identical exhibit a subset case of the hiatus resolution pattern, differing only in the strategies employed to repair hiatus. Similarly, glottal stop is disallowed pre- or postvocalically in some languages because it cannot obey the constraints on phasing of onset or coda consonants with respect to syllable nuclei. Finally, the lack of clear cues to the temporal position of glottal stop lead underlying sequences with glottal stop to surface non-sequentially, manifested as vowel intrusion or as coalescence of the glottal stop with a vowel or consonant. Among the languages discussed are Yatzachi Zapotec (Otomanguean), Yucatec Maya (Mayan), Kekchi (Mayan), Arbore (Cushitic), Tukang Besi (Malayo-Polynesian), Kashaya (Pomoan) and Yurok (Algic).
Drosophila bifurcada Hunter 1992
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila bifurcada

description: bifurcada Hunter, 1992: 192. Type locality: Colombia, Bogotá, aqueduct watershed of Mt. Monserrate, 2 600 m. HT M (CAS). NT Distr.: Colombia.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 725, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Expired Prescription Medications: Are They Still Good?
Creators: name: Laskay, Richard
name: Patel, Pradip
name: Bonnette, Brandon
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Like food, medications also have an expiration date. Dispose all expired and pre-used medications to avoid health complications
description: Patients are being prescribed drugs to help combat all types of ailments.  Many people take so many prescriptions that it is hard to keep track of them.  Because of this, medicine cabinets in households all over America are filled with drugs that are either past their expiration date, or drugs that should no longer be taken.  In addition, patient’s children have more access than ever to many dangerous prescriptions.  We have decided to take action by petitioning the legislature to have a “Clean-Out Your Medicine Cabinet Day”.  Hopefully, people will participate and make this world a little bit safer.
Simulation experiment design for calibration via active learning
Creators: name: Sürer, Özge
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Simulation models often have parameters as input and return outputs to understand the behavior of complex systems. Calibration is the process of estimating the values of the parameters in a simulation model in light of observed data from the system that is being simulated. When simulation models are expensive, emulators are built with simulation data as a computationally efficient approximation of an expensive model. An emulator then can be used to predict model outputs, instead of repeatedly running an expensive simulation model during the calibration process. Sequential design with an intelligent selection criterion can guide the process of collecting simulation data to build an emulator, making the calibration process more efficient and effective. This article proposes two novel criteria for sequentially acquiring new simulation data in an active learning setting by considering uncertainties on the posterior density of parameters. Analysis of several simulation experiments and real-data simulation experiments from epidemiology demonstrates that proposed approaches result in improved posterior and field predictions.
Multivariate reparameterized inverse Gaussian processes with common effects for degradation-based reliability prediction
Creators: name: Zhuang, Liangliang
name: Xu, Ancha
name: Fang, Guanqi
name: Tang, Yincai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In industry, many highly reliable products possess multiple performance characteristics (PCs) and they typically degrade simultaneously. When such PCs are governed by a common failure mechanism or influenced by a shared operating environmental condition, interdependence between these PCs arises. To model such dependence, this article proposes a novel multivariate reparameterized inverse Gaussian (rIG) process model. It utilizes an additive structure; that is, the degradation of each marginal PC is considered as the result of the sum of two independent rIG processes, with one capturing the shared common effects across all PCs and the other describing the intrinsic randomness specific to that PC. The model has some nice statistical properties, and the system lifetime distribution can be conveniently approximated. An expectation-maximization algorithm is proposed for estimating the model parameters, and a parametric bootstrap method is designed to derive the confidence intervals. Comprehensive numerical simulations are conducted to validate the performance of the inference method. Two case studies are thoroughly investigated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Loxodon macrorhinus Muller & Henle 1839
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Loxodon
Loxodon macrorhinus

description: Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle, 1839
Sliteye Shark
Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle, 1839: 61, pl. 25. Holotype: ZMB 4479. Type locality: unknown (probably Indian Ocean).
Local synonymy: Loxodon macrorhinus— Filewood, 1973: 4 (PNG); Kailola, 1987: 18 (Tuma Island; Orangerie Bay; Gulf of Papua); White et al., 2018: 168, figs (PNG).
PNG voucher material: None.
Remarks: First recorded from PNG by Filewood (1973). Recently observed in low numbers, probably due to their small size, off southern New Ireland and northern East New Britain in the catches of the target shark longline fishery; no specimens retained but vertebrae and genetic samples taken; identification confirmed with molecular data (S. Appleyard, unpubl. data). A photograph of a specimen caught as bycatch by a deepwater snapper fisher off Kavieng district, New Ireland, also verified as this species. Depth of capture not known but> 100 m depth.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Syncope in Spanish and Portuguese: The Diachrony of Hispano-Romance Phonotactic
Creators: name: Lief, Eric Adler
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2006

description: This dissertation examines syncope in the development of Latin to Hispano-Romance (Spanish and Portuguese). Syncope, the loss of certain unstressed word-medial vowels, had a profound effect on the phonotactics of Latin and Romance.The first part of this dissertation examines the consonantal phonotactics of Latin, Spanish, and Portuguese. Since Latin is a very good reference point for many of the changes which occurred during the development of these two languages, a complete description of the sound pattern of this language is crucial before addressing the issue of syncope. In Chapter 1, a set of phonotactic generalizations are formulated for word-initial, word-final, and word-medial consonants and consonant sequences in Classical Latin. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate the consonantal phonotactics of Spanish and Portuguese, outlining the major structural similarities and differences in the development of these two languages. Word-final stop deletion and apocope (word-final vowel deletion) is also addressed here, and it is demonstrated how the restriction of only sonorants and /s/ to syllable codas (coda condition) constrained the application of apocope (though in different degrees) early on in Hispano-Romance.Chapters 4-6 address syncope in Spanish and Portuguese from a diachronic perspective. Very painstaking effort has been made in collecting as much data as possible, from as wide a variety of phonological environments as possible. Electronic corpora such as Patrologia Latina for Latin and Real Academia for Spanish have been invaluable sources, especially for frequency data. Close attention is paid to the interaction of syncope and obstruent voicing/voiced obstruent deletion as a means to chronologize the development of syncope in Spanish and Portuguese.Chapter 6 examines the effects found to be significant in syncope. Such effects can be classified as either segmental, syllabic, or phonotactic (attestation). After discussion of these effects, the theoretical implications of this dissertation are examined. In light of the recent interest in Romance syncope within the framework of Optimality Theory (e.g. Hartkemeyer 2000), an OT formulation of some of the constraints found to be significant in Hispano-Romance is given, and two views of phonotactic change (the simultaneous versus stepwise accounts) are evaluated.
Inflectional Morphology in Optimality Theory
Creators: name: Xu, Zheng
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: This dissertation proposes an inferential-realizational model of inflectional morphology (Matthews 1972, Zwicky 1985, Anderson 1992, Aronoff 1994, Stump 2001) within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993). Following Russell 1995, Yip 1998, Hyman 2003, MacBride 2004, I assume that the phonological information of inflectional affixes is introduced through realization constraints (RC) which associate abstract morphosyntactic or semantic feature values with phonological forms. I propose that rankings of realization constraints conform to the specificity condition, i.e. a constraint realizing a more specific morphosyntactic feature value set outranks a less specific realization constraint. I also propose that the unmarked situation in which one feature value is realized by one form (Wurzel 1989) is encoded in two universal and violable markedness constraints, *FEATURE SPLIT which bans the realization of a feature value by more than one form and *FEATURE FUSION which bans a form realizing more than one feature value.Based on this model, I examine language phenomena such as OCP-triggered selection of phonologically unrelated (allo)morphs in Greek, Hungarian, Tswana, and Spanish, ordering of inflectional affixes in Lezgian, blocking of inflectional affixes and extended morphological exponence in languages like Tamazight Berber, and directional syncretism in languages like Latin.I show that this model has advantages over other morphological models in several ways. (1) It readily captures cases in which a default marker emerges to replace a morphosyntactically more specific marker which is expected to be adjacent to a phonologically similar form (OCP >> RCspecific >> RCless specific). By contrast, the relation between a more specific marker and a less specific one needs to be stipulated in the input in a model which introduces phonological information through inputs (e.g. Bonet 2004). (2) It readily captures universal generalizations on affix order (Greenberg 1963, Bybee 1985), e.g. a number exponent cannot be farther away from a nominal stem than a case exponent because case scopes over number. Such generalizations are missed in Paradigm Function Morphology (Stump 2001) without extraordinary machinery. (3) Based on rankings of *FEATURE SPLIT and constraints realizing the same morphosyntactic feature value(s), it provides a unified account of both blocking and extended exponence without recourse to either a distinction between primary and secondary exponents (Noyer 1992) or multiple rule blocks (Stump 2001). (4) Based on output-to-output correspondence constraints (Benua 1995, McCarthy and Prince 1995), it readily captures cases of divergent bidirectional syncretism (Baerman 2004) in which syncretism brings about both marked and unmarked forms, a problem for Noyer 1998, which claims that syncretism always moves from a more marked to a less marked state.
Drosophila bomarea Hunter 1979
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila bomarea

description: bomarea Hunter, 1979: 379. Type locality: Colombia, near Bogotá. HT M (CAS). NT Distr.: Colombia (Bogota, D:C). Refs.: Vilela & Bächli, 1990: 85; Hunter, 1992: 197.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 725, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Drosophila breuerae Rocha 1971
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila breuerae

description: breuerae Rocha, 1971: 139. Type locality: Colombia, Palmira, Facultad de Agronomia, 1000 m. HT M (MZUSP). NT Distr.: Colombia (Valle del Cauca (Palmira)). Refs.: Val, 1982: 317; Vilela & Cunha, 2006: 584.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 725, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Positive Physical Fitness Philosophies and Regiments Using the After School Healthy Choices Project
Creators: name: Frani, Richard
name: Sahni, Mohit
name: Fields, Peter
name: Evans, Josel
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: The after school healthy choices project aims to increase the prevalence of healthy dietary and physical fitness practices in local school districts throughout grades K-5, starting with the Greater New Brunswick Charter School
description: Obesity in the United States has become a well-publicized epidemic over the past decade. Previous attempts have been geared towards changing lifestyle habits in adults by way of eliciting warnings regarding possible health detriments, while medical treatments have been focused on treatment of symptoms rather than the cause for the disease itself.  Our group believes that it is much more difficult to induce lifestyle changes in adults than it is to instill beneficial physical fitness regiments and dietary choices in children.  Thus, we have developed the After School Healthy Choices Project, which is a proposal geared towards educating parents within local PTO organizations in the practices of healthy lifestyles.  Our proposal involves informing parents in the Greater New Brunswick Charter School of affordable foods rich in nutritional value, conventional and efficient physical fitness regiments, the benefits of the aforementioned program, and the consequences of an apathetic and physically detrimental lifestyle.
Negaprion Whitley 1940
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Negaprion

description: Genus Negaprion Whitley, 1940
Lemon Sharks
Negaprion Whitley, 1940: 111. Type species: Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus Whitley, 1939b, by original designation, a junior synonym of Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell, 1837).
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Increasing HIV Testing Awareness
Creators: name: Shah, Rutu
name: Gadhia, Hetu
name: Ghai, Harameet
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Promoting HIV testing to all Individuals and educating them about the disease
description: HIV is a retrovirus that proliferates rapidly in the human body. Recent studies have shown a way to decrease the spread of HIV so it does not lead to AIDS. AIDS is an adv=anced form of HIV at which point the human immune system is almost entirely diminished, allowing common infections to cause death. Most people don’t know about testing facilities if they feel that they may be at risk of being HIV positive. People who are sexually active have higher chances of getting infected and should know about these resources to prevent spread to other potential partners. One major factor that prevents people from getting tested is privacy. College students and other young sexually active individuals do like to share their sexual activity with strangers. Some function under the illusions that their parents will find out, even though the whole process is strictly confidential. Others are fearful of losing their jobs if their employers find out about their status. In fact many employs illegally request an HIV test in the hiring process, which may play a key role in this prevalent misconception. The biggest issue, however, is that common knowledge about this disease is very poor. While some think that HIV van be transmitted via kissing, other think that using condoms will protect them from the disease. Many also believe that there is a cure, and that if they do get infected, medication is available to protect them. Our main goal therefore, is to educate people about HIV, testing, risks, procedures, and treatments involved. We began by marketing our event via Facebook group that targeted younger college students that are likely to be sexually active.  This group advertised a free testing day at a popular, accessible, and well-known clinic in down town New Brunswick. We provided all the information needed to allow someone, who felt they needed to get tested, the preparedness to be able to actually go get tested that day. We went that day to the clinic and interview the doctors that administer and monitor the testing process. We posted this interview on YouTube for additional information for people wary of getting tested. We had planned to interview students we found that got tested due to our Facebook event; however this breaches Federal Policy on patient/doctor confidentiality.
Drosophila briegeri Pavan & Breuer 1954
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila briegeri

description: briegeri Pavan & Breuer, 1954: 459. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Vila Atlântica (Praia Grande). LT M (MZUSP). NT Distr.: Panama to Brazil. Refs.: Hunter, 1966: 423.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 725, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Improving Self-Esteem and Body Image
Creators: name: Barreira, Jacklin
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Promoting a healthy body image in the classroom
description: Body distortion is when a person sees his or her body shape and size in an inaccurate fashion. Self-Esteem is one’s perception of him/herself as a whole.  Self-Esteem is something that is developed over time. We wrote a proposal to the New Jersey Board of Education incorporate awareness of body image, self esteem, and the effects negative body image and a negative self esteem can have on an individual. Our goal is to create awareness of our issue.
Drosophila brncici Hunter & Hunter 1964
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila brncici

description: brncici Hunter & Hunter, 1964: 733. Type locality: Colombia, Bogotá. ST B (UABC). NT Distr.: Colombia (Bogota, D:C). Refs.: Hunter, 1966: 416.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 725, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272