Scottolana huysi Song &amp; Kangtia &amp; Khim &amp; Chullasorn 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Song, Sung Joon
name: Kangtia, Pawana
name: Khim, Jong Seong
name: Chullasorn, Supawadee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Hexanauplia
Canuelloida
Canuellidae
Scottolana
Scottolana huysi

description: <i>Scottolana huysi</i> sp. nov. (Figures 9–18) <i>Type locality</i> Kata Beach is situated on west coast of Phuket Island, Thailand (7°49′09″N, 98°17′52″E). The environmental data of the fine sandy beach during low-tide are as follows: dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg l–1, salinity 32 ppt, temperature 32°C, pH 7.64, organic matter 2.30%. <i>Type material examined</i> Holotype female (USNM1136881): dissected on 9 slides. Allotype male (USNM1136882): dissected on 9 slides. Paratypes (USNM1136883): three females and two males preserved in alcohol. All specimens are from the type locality collected by Supawadee Chullasorn on 20 April 1999. <i>Etymology</i> The species was named in honour of Dr Rony Huys, Natural History Museum, London, for his achievements in the study of copepods. The name is a noun in the genitive singular. <i>Description of adult female (holotype)</i> Habitus (Figure 9 (a), 9(b)). Total body length 1.32 mm measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal ramus. Body large, robust, slightly fusiform. Greatest width at posterior border of second pedigerous somite. Body surface ornamented with long sensilla except for anal somite. All somites without distinct posterior hyaline frills, except for anal somite with smooth dorsal hyaline frill. Urosome (Figure 10 (a), 10(b)) 4-segmented, consisting of P-5 bearing somite, genital double-somite, one free urosomite and anal somite. Genital double-somite slightly wider than long; original segmentation marked by paired dorsolateral and ventrolateral internal cuticular ribs (Figure 10 (b)). Genital field large, extending to about halfway down the ventral surface of genital double-somite. Copulatory pores paired, posteriorly displaced to inner margin of wing-like processes. Anal operculum (Figure 9 (a)) weakly developed, with transverse row of setules. Caudal rami (Figure 10 (a), 10(b)) subrectangular, about twice as long as wide; dorsal and ventral surfaces scattered with minute spinules, including characteristic triangular area on ventral surface (Figure 10 (b)); outer margin and posterioventral surface with dense clusters of strong spinules of different lengths. Each ramus armed with 7 setae: seta I short, spiniform, pinnate, arising ventrally; seta II long, plumose, with inflated base, located halfway inner margin; seta III plumose, displaced dorsally, issuing in the middle of caudal ramus; distal margin of ramus with 3 setae; seta IV and V well developed, strongly spinulose; the latter about 2.5 times longer than the former; seta VI small; seta VII short and smooth, located on dorsal surface between setae II and VI. Rostrum (Figure 11 (a)) very large, bell-shaped, about three-quarters the length of the cephalic shield, with a pair of subapical, tiny sensilla. Antennule (Figure 11 (a)) indistinctly 4-segmented. First segment longest and largest, showing 3 incomplete sutures around the posterior margin with 9 spinulose and 4 smooth setae; second segment short, with 1 smooth and 10 spinulose setae, and 2 aesthetascs of unequal length; third segment very short, with 1 spinulose and 2 smooth setae; distal segment with 5 spinulose, 2 plumose, and 6 smooth setae. Armature formula: 1-(13), 2-(11 + 2ae), 3-(3), 4-(13). Antenna (Figure 11 (b)) biramous; comprising a relatively short coxo-basis, with setular patches as shown. Endopod 2-segmented; enp-1 with 1 minute and smooth seta, and 1 long and pinnate seta; enp-2 with incomplete suture showing original segmentation between second and third segments, with 4 lateral pinnate setae, and 7 apical setae, 6 of them pinnate, 1 short and smooth. Exopod 9-segmented; segments 1–3 and 7–8 with 1 plumose seta each; segments 4–6 with 1 pinnate seta each; terminal segment small with 3 pinnate setae. Mandible (Figure 11 (c)) with well-developed gnathobase bearing 6 strong multicuspidate teeth distally; with additional row of spinules at dorsal margin. Basis with 2 long setae and inner spinular row. Endopod 2-segmented; enp-1 with 1 short and 2 long setae; enp-2 with 2 subapical and 6 apical setae. Exopod 4-segmented; all setae plumose; segments 1 and 4 with 2, segments 2–3 with 1 seta each. Maxillule (Figure 12 (a)). Praecoxa and coxa partly fused. Praecoxal arthrite with 8 spines, 2 pinnate and 2 smooth setae distally; posterior surface with 2 rows of spinules. Coxa with epipodite represented by 2 plumose setae; endite cylindrical, with 3 pinnate and 2 plumose setae. Basis with 6 pinnate setae and posterior row of spinules. Endopod 2-segmented; enp-1 with 5 pinnate setae laterally; enp-2 with 3 outer plumose and 3 inner pinnate setae. Exopod rounded, 1-segmented, with 11 long plumose setae. Maxilla (Figure 12 (b)) comprising praecoxa, coxa, allobasis and 3-segmented endopod. Praecoxa with outer row of spinules; with 2 endites; proximal endite with 1 smooth and 4 pinnate setae; distal endite with 2 pinnate setae. Coxa with 2 cylindrical endites, with 3 pinnate setae each. Allobasis with 3 strong pinnate spines, 2 pinnate and 1 smooth seta. Endopod 3-segmented, all setae smooth; enp-1 and enp-2 with 3 setae each; enp-3 small, with 2 setae. Maxilliped (Figure 12 (c)) phyllopodial, 2-segmented, comprising undivided protopod and 1-segmented endopod; incomplete suture indicating boundary between syncoxa and basis. Medial margin of protopod with 12 setae/spines (1 praecoxal, 9 coxal, and 2 basal); with rows of spinules as illustrated; outer margin with row of long setules distally. Endopod 1-segmented, with 11 elements (7 inner pinnate, and 4 outer plumose setae). P1 (Figure 13 (a)) smaller than other swimming legs. Coxa with inner row of setules, and 6 medial spinules; inner coxal seta spinulose and pinnate. Basis with 1 pinnate inner spine, 1 spinulose long outer seta, and row of setules along inner margin. Exopod 3-segmented; exp-1 with 1 bipinnate outer spine, with strong outer spinules and with minute spinules distally; exp-2 with 1 bipinnate outer spine and 1 plumose inner seta; exp-3 outwardly directed, armed with 3 bipinnate outer spines, and 1 long, spinulose spine at outer distal corner, 1 apical and 2 inner plumose setae. Endopod 3-segmented, slightly longer than exopod; enp-1 with 1 plumose inner seta, and long outer setules; enp-2 with 1 plumose inner seta and several inner setules proximally, with outer strong spinules; enp-3 with 2 bipinnate outer spines, 1 spine, 2 apical setae, and 1 inner element, with outer spinules and inner setules as shown. P2 (Figure 13 (b)). Praecoxa without ornamentation. Coxa with rows of spinules and setules as shown; inner coxal seta spinulose. Basis with 1 spinulose outer seta; inner margin with small blunt process. Exopod 3-segmented; exp-1 with bipinnate outer spine, with strong outer spinules; exp-2 with 1 serrate outer spine and 1 plumose inner seta; enp-3 with 4 spines and 3 plumose setae. Endopod 3-segmented; enp-1 smallest, with 1 plumose inner seta, anterior surface produced into long mucroniform process, reaching distal margin of enp-2; enp-2 with 1 plumose inner seta and spinular rows as depicted; enp-3 with 3 spines and 2 plumose setae. P3 (Figure 14 (a)). Praecoxa without ornamentation. Coxa with strong outer spinules; inner coxal seta spinulose. Basis with 1 spinulose outer seta. Exopod 3-segmented; exp-1 with 1 serrate outer spine and strong spinules as shown; exp-2 with 1 serrate outer spine, 1 spinulose inner seta and strong spinules; exp-3 with 4 spines and 1 plumose setae distally. Endopod 3-segmented, longer than exopod; enp-1 and enp-2 with 1 inner plumose seta and strong spinules as shown; enp-3 with 1 outer medial, 1 outer and 1 inner distal, and 1 inner element. P4 (Figure 14 (b)). Praecoxa (not shown) without ornamentation. Coxa with 1 inner spinulose seta and several outer spinules. Basis with 1 outer spinulose seta. Exopod 3- segmented; exp-1 with 1 outer pinnate seta and dense patch of spinules; exp-2 with 1 outer pinnate seta, 1 inner spinulose seta and dense patch of spinules; exp-3 with 1 outer pinnate seta, 2 apical spinulose spines, and 1 inner spinulose seta, with several spinules as shown. Endopod 3-segmented; enp-1 shortest, with 1 very long spinulose inner seta and some spinules distally; enp-2 with dense patch of spinules; enp-3 with 2 spines and 2 spinulose setae. Seta and spine formula of swimming legs of the new species as shown in Table 2. P5 (Figure 10 (b)). Vestigial, incorporated into somite; with 1 innermost smooth and 3 plumose setae; middle one on distal margin longest and with long setules. <i>Description of adult male (allotype)</i> Allotype (Figure 15 (a), 15(b)) slightly smaller and slender than the female. Total body length 1.22 mm. Sexual dimorphism in the antennule, P4, P5, genital somite and caudal ramus. Urosome (Figure 16 (a), 16(b)) 5-segmented, comprising P5-bearing somite, genital somite 3rd and 4th urosomites, and anal somite. Genital somite (Figures 15 (a), 15(b), 16(a), 16(b)) largest, ornamented with several tiny spinular rows ventrally (Figure 16 (b)), with paired lateral, posteriorly directed spinous extensions covered by tiny spinules and with long setules distally. Third urosomite with a bundle of setules ventrally. Caudal rami (Figure 16 (a), 16(b)) as in female, except for seta II with normal base, not inflated. Rostrum (Figure 17a) as in the female. Antennule (Figure 17b) short 5-segmented. First segment (Figure 17c) with 2 plumose and 1 smooth setae; second segment (Figure 17d) with 5 plumose and 11 pinnate setae, and 2 aesthetascs; third segment (Figure 17e) with 1 smooth, 1 plumose, 1 spinulose and 1 pinnate setae; fourth segment (Figure 17f) with 2 plumose and 3 pinnate setae; distal segment (Figure 17g) with 3 smooth and 2 pinnate setae. Armature formula: 1-(3), 2-(16+2ae), 3-(4), 4-(5), 5-(5). Antenna, mandible, maxillule, maxilla, maxilliped, P1, P2, and P3 as in female. P4 (Figure 18) as in female, except for basis bearing 1 outer smooth seta, and with 4 long setules of unequal length close to joint with endopod, reaching beyond enp-1: from outer 1 pinnate, 1 smooth, 1 longest plumose and 1 short smooth setae. P5 (Figure 16 (b)) with armature as in female, but the outermost basal plumose seta longer.
description: Published as part of <i>Song, Sung Joon, Kangtia, Pawana, Khim, Jong Seong &amp; Chullasorn, Supawadee, 2018, Two new Asian species of the genus Scottolana Huys, 2009 (Copepoda: Canuelloida: Canuellidae), pp. 377-403 in Journal of Natural History 52 (7 - 8)</i> on pages 392-399, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1432777, http://zenodo.org/record/5178275