cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lessons learnt from alcoholism and substance use disorders (SUDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
Creators: name: Sheikh, Mohd Saleem
name: Shoib, Sheikh
name: Dey, Rishika
name: Gundroo, Hafsa M
name: Zaidi, Ilham
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a widespread non-communicable disease (NCD) with biological, social, or psychological foundations, policymakers, stakeholders, and doctors have given it less attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. On similar lines, in India, alcohol consumption and mental health problems are two major illnesses that have a significant impact on people, individually. When both come together, it adds to the burden of disease and creates a vicious cycle involving healthcare providers, consumers, and the patient itself. The correlation between alcohol and drug dependence with mental health and its associated illnesses is difficult to conclude and establish, making it even difficult to provide effective treatment options. The abrupt surge in patients with SUD (primarily alcohol) related disorders (e.g., withdrawal) was noticed because of the sudden non-availability of alcohol or opioid distribution during the countrywide Covid-19 lockdowns. It resembled a pandemic’s emotional epidemic curve. Around 40 people have died because of SUD-related withdrawal and suicide, as per the media reportings. Methanol intoxication has been reported in several parts of the country. Similar to Indian trends, 700 people reportedly died because of methanol intoxication in Iran. Unfortunately, de-addiction services in India were not adequately equipped for the SUD pandemic, and as a result, most services could not cope with lockdown problems. To our surprise, some jurisdictions have opted to make alcohol available to those who cannot live without it regularly, in order to treat alcohol withdrawal. Though this method may be effective in the short term or in delaying the SUD epidemic, it will have a long-term impact on de-addiction efforts and treatments delivered in hospitals or community settings. If we dive deep to find the answer to these questions, we can easily determine many factors responsible, especially the socio-economic crisis which led to the job loss, closure of small businesses, factory units, etc. The government had to ensure supplies of essential drugs and other amenities to the people for free of cost while the people had to sit back at home to help the government prevent the spread of the Infection. Not only this, but the developing tension within homes also gave rise to the battlefield between couples and doubled the rates of domestic violence and/or divorces exaggerating the already prevailing social issues like SUD and alcoholism in the community.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
Epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in asymptomatic versus symptomatic patients
Creators: name: Azarbakhsh, Habibollah
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Background: The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are different, which can be attributed to asymptomatic carriers, acute respiratory disease and pneumonia with different severities. The aim of this study was to compare the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of Covid-19 in patients with clinical symptoms versus asymptomatic patients. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the epidemiological characteristics of two groups of patients, with clinical symptoms (n= 38,630) and without clinical symptoms who were definitive cases of Covid-19 (n= 2,327) were investigated in the southwestern of Iran. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences between qualitative variables in the two study groups. Results: Of 40,957 patients with Covid-19, 2,327 (5.68%) were asymptomatic, of whom 1391 (59.77%) were males, 1841 patients (79.11%) had a history of contact with definite or suspected cases of covid-19. Symptomatic patients were older than symptomatic cases. Patients with clinical symptoms had higher mortality rate than asymptomatic patients (2.68% in symptomatic patients vs. 0% in asymptomatic patients). Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the detected viral load in asymptomatic individuals was similar to that of symptomatic patients, indicating that asymptomatic infections can potentially transmit the disease. Therefore, screening and detection of asymptomatic cases is an important and key measure in prevention and early control of covid-19 worldwide.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
Energy loss and friction characteristics of electrons at warm dense matter and non-ideal dense plasma conditions
Creators: name: Moldabekov, Zh. A.
name: Dornheim, T.
name: Bonitz, M.
name: Ramazanov, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the energy loss characteristics of warm dense matter (WDM) and dense plasmas concentrating on the influence of electronic correlations. The basis for our analysis is a recently developed ab initio Quantum Monte-Carlo (QMC) based machine-learning representation of the static local field correction (LFC) [Dornheim et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 194104 (2019)], which provides an accurate description of the dynamical density response function of the electron gas at the considered parameters. We focus on the polarization-induced stopping power due to free electrons, the friction function, and the straggling rate. In addition, we compute the friction coefficient which constitutes a key quantity for the adequate Langevin dynamics simulation of ions. Considering typical experimental WDM parameters with partially degenerate electrons, we find that the friction coefficient is of the order of $γ/ω_{pi}=0.01$, where $ω_{pi}$ is the ionic plasma frequency. This analysis is performed by comparing QMC based data to results from the random phase approximation (RPA), the Mermin dielectric function, and the Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjölander (STLS) approximation. It is revealed that the widely used relaxation time approximation (Mermin dielectric function) has severe limitations regarding the description of the energy loss properties of correlated partially degenerate electrons. Moreover, by comparing QMC based data with the results obtained using STLS, we find that energy loss properties are not sensitive to the inaccuracy of the static LFC at large wave numbers $k/k_{F}>2$ (with $k_F$ being the usual Fermi wave number), but that a correct description of the static LFC at $k/k_{F}\lesssim 1.5$ is important.
Epilohmannia (Epilohmannia) cylindrica subsp. cylindrica cylindrica (Berlese 1904
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
name: Shahedi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Epilohmanniidae
Epilohmannia
Epilohmannia cylindrica
Epilohmannia (epilohmannia) cylindrica cylindrica (berlese, 1904)

description: Epilohmannia (Epilohmannia) cylindrica cylindrica (Berlese, 1904)
 Sample code: A12, G5, R3, D25, G1, T26, A12, G4, T27, A4, A7, F4, T17, T22, S10, F2, T27, B4, D6, M7.
 Global distribution: Cosmopolitan (Palearctic, Nearctic, Ethiopian: Chad, Oriental, Australian: Hawaii and Neotropical).
 Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Abarkouh), Khuzestan, Fars, Razavi Khorasan, East & West Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, Guilan, Kerman, Zanjan, Markazi, Alborz, Kurdistan, Tehran, Golestan, Esfahan, Sistan & Baluchistan and Kermanshah provinces.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali & Shahedi, Alireza, 2020, Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Taft county, Yazd province of Iran, with new records, pp. 141-160 in Persian Journal of Acarology 9 (2) on page 145, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v9i2.58955, http://zenodo.org/record/4644976
The avid eaters of lives. New and old infectious diseases in Italy at the time of World War 1: a historical overview of military medicine and public health
Creators: name: Martini, Mariano
name: Simonetti, Omar
name: Armocida, Emanuele
name: Orsini, Davide
name: Parodi Z, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: World War I bursted Italy from different perspectives. The one here described under an historical point of view reguards health of military and civil population, with a special focus on infective diseases. The 20th Century was the fuse of degeneration and eugenetics theories; which grew in the meliè of war and technological innovation. Indeed, war is interestingly depicted as an entity capable of blooming the differences between those who wore a uniform and those who do not. As a matter of fact, some infection spared the civilian population while others felt with greater vengeance on this subgroup. Moreover, the incidence of different feared diseases was brought back to the rates of the late 19th Century. Thanks to a statistician, Giorgio Mortara (1885-1967) the impact of infective diseases in Wolrd War I on Italian demography is well established. Moreover, different military and civilian contribute to enrich the picture of the consequences of war. In conclusion World War I could see considered as a litmus paper. The litmus paper of successes and failures of italian public health management to face new medical challenges exacerbated by the crisis.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
THE EFFECT OF ADHERENCE TO THE CONTROLS OF PATIENCE AND COMMITMENT BY THE PARAMEDIC ON THE FEELING OF COMFORT AND SATISFACTION AMONG RECIPIENTS OF THERAPEUTIC SERVICES
Creators: name: Saeed Ahmed alzahrani , Ahmed Majhoul Alzahrani , Abdullah Khdran Alzahrani , Sultan saeed alzahrani, Saleh Ibrahim Alzahrani , Waleed Ahmad Alzahrani , Ahmed Ibrahim Alzahrani , Aziz kader Alghamdi , Khodran Abdulkhaliq Alzahrani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The current study aimed to identify the impact of the paramedic's commitment to the controls of patience and commitment on the feeling of comfort and satisfaction among recipients of medical services by formulating a questionnaire form and distributing it to a sample of 400 paramedics in the Saudi Red Crescent. It is based on a set of basic axes and items that aim to know the importance of the paramedic's commitment to patience and its impact in alleviating the suffering of patients and increasing their confidence and reassurance. The study also indicated that the moral integrity of the paramedic affects the increase in the quality of medical services provided by measuring patient satisfaction after receiving services, which helps in identifying the paramedics' shortcomings. The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important and prominent of which is the need to focus on calming patients, which increases their satisfaction rates with the health services provided, and also the need for the paramedic to contribute to creating a work environment characterized by efficiency and humanity.

Key words : First aid, ethics, commitment, patience, reassurance of patients
Stability of holonomic quantum computations
Creators: name: Kuvshinov, V. I.
name: Kuzmin, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of holonomic quantum computations with respect to errors in assignment of control parameters. The general expression for fidelity is obtaned. In the small errors limit the simple formulae for the fidelity decrease rate is derived.
description: 7 pages
Additional file 2 of PRENACEL partner - use of short message service (SMS) to encourage male involvement in prenatal care: a cluster randomized trial
Creators: name: Bonifácio, Lívia Pimenta
name: Franzon, Ana Carolina Arruda
name: Fabiani Spessoto Zaratini
name: Vicentine, Fernanda Bergamini
name: Barbosa-Júnior, Francisco
name: Braga, Giordana Campos
name: Sanchez, Jazmin Andrea Cifuentes
name: Oliveira-Ciabati, Lívia
name: Andrade, Magna Santos
name: Fernandes, Mariana
name: Fabio, Suzi Volpato
name: Duarte, Geraldo
name: Pileggi, Vicky Nogueira
name: Souza, João Paulo
name: Vieira, Elisabeth Meloni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Partner Questionnaire.
Segmenting the Universe into dynamically coherent basins
Creators: name: Dupuy, A.
name: Courtois, H. M.
name: Libeskind, N.
name: Guinet, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article explores in depth a watershed concept to partition the universe, introduced in \cite{2019MNRAS.489L...1D} and applied to the {\it Cosmicflows-3} observational dataset. We present a series of tests conducted with cosmological dark matter simulations. In particular we are interested in quantifying the evolution with redshift of large scale structures when defined as segmented basins of attraction. This new dynamical definition in the field of measuring standard rulers demonstrates robustness since all basins show a density contrast $δ$ above one (mean universe density) independently of the simulation spatial resolution or the redshift. Another major finding is that density profiles of the basins show universality in slope. Consequently, there is a unique definition of what is a gravitational watershed at large scale, that can be further used as a probe for cosmology studies.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Acrotritia ardua subsp. ardua ardua (Koch 1841
Creators: name: Akrami, Mohammad Ali
name: Shahedi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Sarcoptiformes
Euphthiracaridae
Acrotritia
Acrotritia ardua
Acrotritia ardua ardua (koch, 1841)

description: Acrotritia ardua ardua (Koch, 1841)
 Sample code: K1, S10, A5, A7, D20, F4, B3, T1, T6, K2, T19, D10, D11, D6, D17, T24, T27, S8.
 Global distribution: Cosmopolitan.
 Distribution in Iran: Yazd (Abarkouh), Hamadan, Khuzestan, Fars, Razavi Khorasan, East & West Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, Guilan, Zanjan, Markazi, Alborz, Kurdistan, Tehran, Esfahan, Ardabil, Golestan, and Sistan & Baluchistan provinces.
description: Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali & Shahedi, Alireza, 2020, Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Taft county, Yazd province of Iran, with new records, pp. 141-160 in Persian Journal of Acarology 9 (2) on page 145, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v9i2.58955, http://zenodo.org/record/4644976
Additional file 1 of Sequential analysis of transcript expression patterns improves survival prediction in multiple cancers
Creators: name: Mandel, Jordan
name: Raghunandan Avula
name: Prochownik, Edward V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Fig. S1 Summary of the predictive value of t-SNE-assisted clustering of functionally-related transcripts. Each column indicates the pathway whose component transcripts were used to generate t-SNE profiles of the 34 TCGA cancers indicated along the left border. The number of transcripts comprising each pathway are indicated in parentheses at the tope of each column. See refs. [9, 12, 13], and for the identities of the individual transcripts comprising these pathways. Colored boxes show the tumor groups for which the indicated pathway’s transcripts generated multiple t-SNE cluster, at least two of which showed significant differences in long-term survival based on Kaplan-Meier analysis. The color of each box indicates the P value for the most disparate survival differences as shown by the key at the right. At the bottom of each column is shown the number of tumor types, the total number of tumors and the per cent of all tumors for which the indicated pathway was informative for long-term survival. The total number of colored boxes across each row indicates the number of pathways that were capable of identifying t-SNE clusters with significant survival differences for that tumor type. Grey boxes indicate those groups in which inter-cluster survival differences were not significant or in which only a single cluster was generated by t-SNE profiling.
Explaining the Challenges of the Iranian Health System in Fighting the Covid-19 Pandemic: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Rahimi Zarchi, Mohammad Kazem
name: Shafaghat, Tahereh
name: Mousavi, Seyed Masood
name: Ebadi, Faezeh
name: Askari, Roohollah
name: Ranjbar, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic has become a global threat for the general public and health care workers and it has created major challenges for all healthcare sectors. The challenges created by this disease can vary in different countries depending on cultural, social, and economic factors. To explain the challenges of the Iranian health system in fighting the covid-19 pandemic from the managers’ and executive authorities’ viewpoints. Methods The present study is a basic-applied research performed using a qualitative approach. It has studied 30 managers of the hospitals and medical centers’ managers, and deputies of the Ministry of Health, and the universities of medical sciences which were selected by purposive and snowball sampling with the maximum variety in March-September 2020. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and content analysis was used to explain the challenges of the Iranian health system in fighting the covid-19 pandemic (2020). Results Most of the interviewees (87%) had a Ph.D. degree (34%), and 40% of the participants were graduated in management and health economy and policymaking fields. Analysis and synthesis of the data collected from the interviews led to the creation of 19 sub-themes and 12 main themes classified into four general scopes including the organizational factors, resources, management factors, and other factors. Conclusion Identifying the mentioned challenges can provide useful information for the managers and policymakers to develop appropriate plans and take the necessary measures for resolving the challenges and using the available resources to provide the most effective services.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
Coordinated Crawling via Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Mishra, Shruti
name: van Rees, Wim M.
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rectilinear crawling locomotion is a primitive and common mode of locomotion in slender, soft-bodied animals. It requires coordinated contractions that propagate along a body that interacts frictionally with its environment. We propose a simple approach to understand how these coordinations arise in a neuromechanical model of a segmented, soft-bodied crawler via an iterative process that might have both biological antecedents and technological relevance. Using a simple reinforcement learning algorithm, we show that an initial all-to-all neural coupling converges to a simple nearest-neighbor neural wiring that allows the crawler to move forward using a localized wave of contraction that is qualitatively similar to what is observed in D. melanogaster larvae and used in many biomimetic solutions. The resulting solution is a function of how we weight gait regularization in the reward, with a tradeoff between speed and robustness to proprioceptive noise. Overall, our results, which embed the brain-body-environment triad in a learning scheme, has relevance for soft robotics while shedding light on the evolution and development of locomotion.
The effect of early tranexamic acid on bleeding, blood product consumption, mortality and length of hospital stay in trauma cases with hemorrhagic shock: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Negahi, Alireza
name: Teimoury, Taher
name: Vaziri, Mohammad
name: Alimohamadi, Yousef
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: Because no medication has been approved for coagulation support in trauma, the current study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous injection of Tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with acute traumatic bleeding. Methods: In the current randomized controlled clinical trial, 68 patients with acute bleeding and hemorrhagic shock presentation due to blunt trauma of the abdomen, pelvis, and thorax, randomly assigned into two groups of TXA and placebo. Results :There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, Base excess, serum hemoglobin changes, bleeding volume, the incidence of thrombotic events, and the number of deaths (p>0.05). But Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, base excess, and serum hemoglobin, changed significantly within each group over time(p<0.05). The median time for the length of hospital stay among the TXA group was lower than the Placebo group (6 days versus 10 days, p: 0.004). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups about the median of pack cell, Platelet consumption, and bleeding Volume (p<0.05). Conclusion The use of TXA is associated with lower use of blood production and reduced length of hospital stay, however, thrombotic events incidence and mortality rates between the TXA and placebo groups were not different.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
Knowledge and practice of protective personal equipment (PPE) among health care providers in Saudi Arabia during the early stages of COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
Creators: name: Ashoor, Mona
name: Alshammari, Saad
name: Alzahrani, Fahad
name: Almulhem, Noorah
name: Almubarak, Zaid
name: Alhayek, Ali
name: Alrahim, Ahmed
name: Alardhi, Abdullah
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction. Health care providers are at high risk of becoming infected when taking care of patients who have COVID-19, especially while attending aerosol generating procedures. Protective personal equipment must be used in the correct manner to prevent transmission of the disease. Published protocols on protective personal equipment (PPE) donning and doffing have been issued by disease control agencies. Methods. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was designed. An online anonymous questionnaire, which was validated and tested for reliability, focused on PPE related knowledge, donning and doffing practices of healthcare providers across the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Results. A total of 312 healthcare providers across the eastern region of Saudi Arabia participated in the study, 208 physicians (66.7%) and 104 non-physicians (33.3%). Results indicate poor practice regarding PPE donning (13.8% reported the correct sequence) and PPE doffing (3.5% reported the correct sequence) among participants. In addition, practice and confidence scores regarding other issues with PPE were analyzed. Based on questionnaire responses, being male (T=2.825; p=0.008), being a non-physician (T=-2.120; p=0.014) and being an allied medical professional (F=5.379; p=0.003) were significantly associated with higher confidence levels. Also, being a consultant was significantly associated with higher practice scores (F=4.774; p=0.008). Conclusion. The study demonstrates deficiencies among healthcare providers in following the recommended practices for correctly using PPE during the pandemic. Poor practice in PPE donning and doffing necessitates additional educational and training programs focused on infection control practices.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
The relationship between demographic factors and levels of self-care against coronavirus in pregnant women referred to maternity wards
Creators: name: Moradi, Fereshteh
name: GHazanfar Pour, Masumeh
name: Hosseininasab, Ali
name: Alidousti, Katayoun
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Background: The adverse effects of coronavirus infection on pregnant women and their infants are not apparent. The best strategies to deal with this disease is avoiding the infection and preventing its transmission. Purpose: the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between demographic factors and levels of self-care against coronavirus in pregnant women referred to maternity wards of Kerman, southeast Iran. Method: The present descriptive study was conducted on 200 pregnant women who referred to maternity wards in Kerman in 2020 and met the inclusion criteria. The required information was collected using demographic and obstetric questionnaires and a self-care checklist. Findings: The mean age of the participants was 28.89 ± 7.07. Iranian and Afghan citizens comprised 82% and 18% of the participants, respectively. The highest level of self-care measures against coronavirus in pregnant women was attributed to the use of face masks (74%), and the lowest was warning the personnel to wear masks (28%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the nationality of the participants and warning the personnel to wear face masks (r=0.183;P = 0.02), having a sick spouse (r=0.149;P = 0.039), and having a sick child (r=0.191;P = 0.043), and between the husbands’ job and the patients’ demand for a private room (r=0.173;P = 0.013). There was an inverse relationship between mothers’ age and warning the personnel about paying attention to their hygiene (r = -0.145; P = 0.04). Conclusions: The results indicated that most pregnant women in the present study were active in self-care against coronavirus. Using face masks was more widely followed than other self-care measures; moreover, there was a relationship between personal characteristics and self-care levels.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
First Stellar Abundances in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy Sextans A
Creators: name: Kaufer, Andreas
name: Venn, Kim A.
name: Tolstoy, Eline
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Kudritzki, Rolf Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the abundance analyses of three isolated A-type supergiant stars in the dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A from high-resolution spectra the UVES spectrograph at the VLT. Detailed model atmosphere analyses have been used to determine the stellar atmospheric parameters and the elemental abundances of the stars. The mean iron group abundance was determined from these three stars to be [(FeII,CrII)/H]=-0.99+/-0.04+/-0.06. This is the first determination of the present-day iron group abundances in Sextans A. These three stars now represent the most metal-poor massive stars for which detailed abundance analyses have been carried out. The mean stellar alpha element abundance was determined from the alpha element magnesium as [alpha(MgI)/H]=-1.09+/-0.02+/-0.19. This is in excellent agreement with the nebular alpha element abundances as determined from oxygen in the H II regions. These results are consistent from star-to-star with no significant spatial variations over a length of 0.8 kpc in Sextans A. This supports the nebular abundance studies of dwarf irregular galaxies, where homogeneous oxygen abundances are found throughout, and argues against in situ enrichment. The alpha/Fe abundance ratio is [alpha(MgI)/FeII,CrII]=-0.11+/-0.02+/-0.10, which is consistent with the solar ratio. This is consistent with the results from A-supergiant analyses in other Local Group dwarf irregular galaxies but in stark contrast with the high [alpha/Fe] results from metal-poor stars in the Galaxy, and is most clearly seen from these three stars in Sextans A because of their lower metallicities. The low [alpha/Fe] ratios are consistent with the slow chemical evolution expected for dwarf galaxies from analyses of their stellar populations.
description: 40 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Thermodynamic properties of thin films of superfluid 3He-A
Creators: name: Vorontsov, A. B.
name: Sauls, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pairing correlations in superfluid He-3 are strongly modified by quasiparticle scattering off a surface or an interface. We present theoretical results and predictions for the order parameter, the quasiparticle excitation spectrum and the free energy for thin films of superfluid He-3. Both specular and diffuse scattering by a substrate are considered, while the free surface is assumed to be a perfectly reflecting specular boundary. The results are based on self-consistent calculations of the order parameter and quasiparticle excitation spectrum at zero pressure. We obtain new results for the phase diagram, free energy, entropy and specific heat of thin films of superfluid He-3.
description: Replaced with an updated version
An equivariant orbifold index for proper actions
Creators: name: Hochs, Peter
name: Wang, Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a proper, cocompact action by a locally compact group of the form $H \times G$, with $H$ compact, we define an $H \times G$-equivariant index of $H$-transversally elliptic operators, which takes values in $KK_*(C^*H, C^*G)$. This simultaneously generalises the Baum--Connes analytic assembly map, Atiyah's index of transversally elliptic operators, and Kawasaki's orbifold index. This index also generalises the assembly map to elliptic operators on orbifolds. In the special case where the manifold in question is a real semisimple Lie group, $G$ is a cocompact lattice and $H$ is a maximal compact subgroup, we realise the Dirac induction map from the Connes--Kasparov conjecture as a Kasparov product and obtain an index theorem for Spin-Dirac operators on compact locally symmetric spaces.
description: 17 pages
COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment of the risk perception and practice of precautionary measures amongst a group of primary care workers in Nigeria
Creators: name: ENABULELE, OSAHON
name: MOBOLAJI, ADELAKUN
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: ABSTRACT Introduction: The world is currently faced with another pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, with healthcare workers at high risk of contracting infection. This study assessed the risk perception of COVID-19 and practice of precautionary measures against its spread by primary care workers. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of primary care workers in the General Practice Clinic (GPC) of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa. A pretested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was employed to obtain data on Socio-demographic characteristics, Risk perception of COVID-19, and Practice of precautionary measures from the respondents. Obtained data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Chi-square test, Ordinal regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee. Results: More of the respondents (39.6%) had moderate risk perception of COVID-19, with significantly more females (27.8%) having high risk perception than males (11.9%); p=0.001. Majority (76.0%) of the respondents had good practice of precautionary measures against COVID-19. Conclusions: Most HCWs surveyed in this study had moderate-risk perception of COVID-19 and good practice of precautionary measures. Occupation and length of practice were significant predictors of practice of precautionary measures. Training on Infection Prevention and Control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with reduced odds of high-risk perception of COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, General Practice Clinic, Precautionary measures, Primary care worker, Risk perception.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
title: A Genomic and Proteomic Investigation Into the Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Complex
Creators: name: Ashton, Philip Matthew
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: Clostridium botulinum and some strains of C. baratii and C. butyricum produce one of the most potent toxins known to man, botulinum neurotoxin, and are responsible for the disease botulism. This severe neuroparalytic disease is the result of botulinum neurotoxin negotiating a complex path to the cholinergic nerve endings. There, it interferes with the release of excitatory neurotransmitters resulting in flaccid paralysis and if untreated, death. The neurotoxin, itself a multi-faceted protein, does not act alone but is produced as part of a large, hetero-multimeric complex with the associated non-toxic proteins. This complex, known to protect the toxin from acids and proteases in the gut, has recently been suggested to play a more active role in toxicity. Here, the proteins from the lesser-studied toxin complex type (the OrfX type) are shown for the first time to share sequence similarity and synteny with clusters of proteins that are co-localised with various putative toxin genes in diverse other species. The extracellular supernatant proteome of C. butyricum is characterised and mined for potential novel virulence factors, with metabolic cost of extracellular protein being highlighted as a potential marker of virulence associated extracellular proteins. The supernatant of 22 clinical strains of C. butyricum were investigated for the presence of the toxin complex; all toxin complex components were identified in the majority of strains indicating the importance of these proteins in the causation of botulism. A relationship between OrfX-encoding strains and infant botulism was also uncovered in clinical strains from the UK. Hypotheses to explain this association are explored. Finally, the transcriptome of C. butyricum was investigated using RNA-sequencing. This uncovered a complex and diverse picture of transcription in C. butyricum and raised questions as to the role of the alternative sigma factor BotR in the regulation of bont.
Self-management of patients with chronic diseases during COVID 1: a narrative review
Creators: name: Ghotbi, Tahereh
name: Salami, Javad
name: Kalteh, Ehsan Allah
name: Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Mousa
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: The present study COVID-19 is a review to investigate the chronic patient self-management challenges during the corona epidemic, and providing solutions to solve this problem. Methods: in this review in 2020, the relevant literature on chronic patient self-management is investigated during the corona epidemic (from March 2019 to Jan 2021). Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer were used to search articles from the Latin articles. Also, keywords in this study included self-management, chronic disease, COVID19. Finally, 26 relevant articles were used in this study. Results: the articles used in this study have been classified into three groups including self-management importance in chronic diseases (8 articles), self-management challenges during the corona epidemics (10 articles), and the role of the health team in patients' self-management during the corona epidemics (8 articles). Conclusion: the main challenges for chronic patients during the corona epidemic include decreased healthcare service and regular follow-ups because of physical restrictions; economic problems, change in lifestyle, and lack of rapid compliance with the changes. In this regard, the health team should provide the best healthcare services using the available resources to reduce suffer and pain of the patients.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
A Search for Charged Lepton Flavor Violation in the Mu2e Experiment
Creators: name: Kargiantoulakis, Manolis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mu2e experiment will search for the neutrino-less conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus. An observation would be the first signal of charged lepton flavor violation and de facto evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The clean signature of the conversion process offers an opportunity for a powerful search: Mu2e will probe four orders of magnitude beyond current limits, with real discovery potential over a wide range of well motivated new physics models. This goal requires an integrated system of solenoids that will create the most intense muon beam in the world, and suppression of all possible background sources. The Mu2e components are currently being constructed, with the experiment planned to begin operations in the Fermilab Muon Campus within the next few years.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures. Pre-print of review article submitted to Modern Physics Letters A
The Proportion of the Population Never Hearing a Rumour
Creators: name: Duan, Yuchen
name: Ganesh, Ayalvadi
name: Bristol, University of
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G42, 60G50

description: Sudbury (1985) showed for the Maki-Thompson model of rumour spreading that the proportion of the population never hearing the rumour converges in probability to a limiting constant (approximately equal to 0.203) as the population size tends to infinity. We extend the analysis to a generalisation of the Maki-Thompson model.
description: 8 pages
Risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality among inpatients in Southern Iran
Creators: name: Rezaei, Fatemeh
name: Ghelichi -Ghojogh, Mousa
name: Hemmati, Abdolrasool
name: Ghaem, Haleh
name: Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease and many factors can affect its severity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods: In this study, 311 cases with COVID-19 approved by the CORONA database in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected using a random systematic sampling method. The study data were collected through interviews and phone calls. Results: The mean age of the participants was 45.82±17.92 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.57:1. In addition, the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 4.50%, and the disease was severe in 47.5% of the cases. The most common clinical symptoms were cough (39.22%), fever (31.83%), and dyspnea (24.76%). The severity of COVID-19 was significantly associated with age and history of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Besides, the mortality of COVID-19 was significantly related to age, gender, hypertension, CVD, and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The mean interval between the onset of the first symptom and referral to health center was 3.02±2.82 days. Additionally, the mean interval between the referral to health centers and testing was 0.88±2.20 days. Conclusion: Older patients and those who had CVD needed more careful healthcare and early intervention to prevent the exacerbation of COVID-19. Furthermore, the interval between the onset of the first symptom and testing was relatively long. Overall, early diagnosis, isolation, and treatment of patients were found to be essential to control COVID-19.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624
Additional file 1 of PRENACEL partner - use of short message service (SMS) to encourage male involvement in prenatal care: a cluster randomized trial
Creators: name: Bonifácio, Lívia Pimenta
name: Franzon, Ana Carolina Arruda
name: Fabiani Spessoto Zaratini
name: Vicentine, Fernanda Bergamini
name: Barbosa-Júnior, Francisco
name: Braga, Giordana Campos
name: Sanchez, Jazmin Andrea Cifuentes
name: Oliveira-Ciabati, Lívia
name: Andrade, Magna Santos
name: Fernandes, Mariana
name: Fabio, Suzi Volpato
name: Duarte, Geraldo
name: Pileggi, Vicky Nogueira
name: Souza, João Paulo
name: Vieira, Elisabeth Meloni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Messages sent to partners.
Non-perturbative plaquette in 3d pure SU(3)
Creators: name: Hietanen, A.
name: Kajantie, K.
name: Laine, M.
name: Rummukainen, K.
name: Schroder, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a determination of the elementary plaquette and, after the subsequent ultraviolet subtractions, of the finite part of the gluon condensate, in lattice regularization in three-dimensional pure SU(3) gauge theory. Through a change of regularization scheme to MSbar and a matching back to full four-dimensional QCD, this result determines the first non-perturbative contribution in the weak-coupling expansion of hot QCD pressure.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at Lattice 2005 (Non-zero temperature and density)
title: A Study Into Life Modelling for Elastomeric Tubes
Creators: name: Ashburn, Nancy
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2013

description: The performance of a tube within a peristaltic pump is as a result of complex interactions between material, the process used to produce the tube, the pump it is in and the environment to which it is subjected. This research examines a possible methodology for the development of life modeling for elastomeric tubes used in peristaltic pumps. It is shown that predicting life within a peristaltic pump is a complex process but that the ability to predict the life cycle of the tube can be enhanced through material and process understanding and innovation. A systematic approach is detailed for the analysis of a tube life cycle from raw material through to failure. This tube life cycle could be used as the basis of a life modeling algorithm, a conceptual design for this is suggested. Using two materials highlighted as important to the peristaltic pump industry, detailed tube life analysis is carried out to show how the methodology can be implemented. The approach suggests key indicators that can be used to identify material characteristics which influence the life of a tube. This is shown for the two materials studied and how they differ from material to material. Extrusion methods for each of the materials is analysed in some detail and changes to, or controls for, the extrusion process to produce tubing are put forward. It is suggested that this will produce tubing which will perform more consistently within a peristaltic pump. This consistency of performance is put forward as a key facilitator for life modeling. Environmental factors which influence life are identified; with system pressure and temperature being the most influential on life. The way all the factors identified interact is discussed. From the identification of these factors appropriate sensor inputs are put forward which will enable them to be monitored and used within an algorithm.
Energy and Climate Change at the University of British Columbia: Background Report
Creators: name: Zirnhelt, Hayes
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This report examines UBC’s energy system through a climate change perspective. It is intended to provide background knowledge for an energy round table that will develop policy recommendations for climate mitigation at UBC. An emphasis is placed on energy used as electricity and energy used for heating, whereas energy for transportation is not covered. Conclusions are drawn from reviewing and summarizing academic literature, institutional information and discussions with experts. Areas that may warrant research are identified. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak in a University Cardio-Thoracic Hospital in Cairo: exploration of the risk to healthcare workers and patients
Creators: name: Mossad, Isis
name: Girgis, Samia
name: Halim, Moshira
name: Shehad, Ihab
name: Shehad, Ihab
name: Hussein, Wafaa
name: Ahmed Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed
name: Ahmed Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed
name: Saleh, Ayman
name: Saleh, Ayman
name: Omar, Ashraf
name: El-Metini, Mahmoud
name: El-Metini, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Background: Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a challenge to health sectors all over the world. The pandemic arrived in Egypt a few weeks after Europe and Asia, with rapidly rising numbers. Health care workers (HCWs) are front liners sustaining a major risk of acquiring the infection. Aim: In this work, we analyse an outbreak of COVID-19 in a University hospital in Cairo involving HCWs of different categories, patients and patients’ accompanying relatives. Methods: Following the reporting of the first COVID-19 confirmed case; a 55-year-old nurse at the hospital, a total of 645 healthcare workers, patients and patients' accompanying relatives were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. Results: Twenty four out of 589 HCWs, 3 out of 42 patient and 4 out of 14 patients' accompanying relatives tested positive for COVID-19. No physicians, pharmacists or technicians were infected. Nursing staff and housekeeping staff were the most at risk of contracting the infection with a risk ratio of 4.99 (95%CI: 1.4-17.6) and 5.08 (95%CI: 1.4-18.4) respectively. Clustering of infected HCWs was observed in paediatrics’ ICU and in the 6th floor of the hospital. Conclusions: Nursing and housekeeping staff sustain a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 infection compared to other staff categories. The nature of their duties and the frequent unprotected contact between members of these categories may play a role in increasing their risk.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 4 (2021): 2021624