cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The association between air pollution and childhood asthma: United States, 2010–2015
Creators: name: Connor, Eric M.
name: Zablotsky, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The current population-based study examines the association between county-level ambient air pollution and childhood asthma. Data from the nationally representative 2010–2015 National Health Interview Survey were linked to nationwide fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution data at the county-level from the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network which utilizes air quality monitoring stations and modeled PM2.5 measurements (Downscaler model data) and adjusted by county-level socioeconomic characteristics data from the 2010–2015 American Community Survey. Multilevel modeling techniques were used to assess the association between PM2.5 annual concentrations (quartiles < 8.11, 8.11–9.50, 9.51–10.59, ≥ 10.60 µg/m3) and current childhood asthma along with two asthma outcomes (episode in the past year, emergency room (ER) visit due to asthma). From 2010 to 2015, there were significant declines in PM2.5 concentrations and asthma outcomes. In unadjusted models, children living in areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations were more likely to have current asthma, ≥1 asthma episode in the past year, and ≥1 ER visit due to asthma compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile (< 8.11 µg/m3). After adjusting for characteristics at the county, geographic, and child and family-level, significant associations remained for asthma episode, and ER visit among children living in areas with PM2.5 annual concentrations between 9.51 and 10.59 µg/m3 (3rd quartile) compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile. This study adds to the limited literature by incorporating nationally representative county-, child-, and family-level data to provide a multi-level analysis of the associations between air pollution and childhood asthma in the U.S.
Metal-enriched, sub-kiloparsec gas clumps in the circumgalactic medium of a faint z = 2.5 galaxy
Creators: name: Crighton, Neil H. M.
name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
name: Simcoe, Robert A.
name: Cooksey, Kathy L.
name: Murphy, Michael T.
name: Fumagalli, Michele
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Shanks, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the serendipitous detection of a 0.2 L$^*$, Lyman-$α$ emitting galaxy at redshift 2.5 at an impact parameter of 50 kpc from a bright background QSO sightline. A high-resolution spectrum of the QSO reveals a partial Lyman-limit absorption system ($N_\mathrm{HI}=10^{16.94\pm0.10}$ cm$^{-2}$) with many associated metal absorption lines at the same redshift as the foreground galaxy. Using photoionization models that carefully treat measurement errors and marginalise over uncertainties in the shape and normalisation of the ionizing radiation spectrum, we derive the total hydrogen column density $N_\mathrm{H}=10^{19.4\pm0.3}$ cm$^{-2}$, and show that all the absorbing clouds are metal enriched, with $Z=0.1$-$0.6 Z_\odot$. These metallicities and the system's large velocity width ($436$ km$\,$s$^{-1}$) suggest the gas is produced by an outflowing wind. Using an expanding shell model we estimate a mass outflow rate of $\sim5 M_\odot\,$yr$^{-1}$. Our photoionization model yields extremely small sizes ($
description: Fixed an incorrect reference to D'Odorico & Petitjean 2001, A&A, 370, 729. Data and code used for the paper are at https://github.com/nhmc/LAE
Scaled Gradient Methods for Ill-conditioned Low-rank Matrix and Tensor Estimation
Creators: name: Tong, Tian
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10206 Operations Research
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Statistics
subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many problems encountered in machine learning and signal processing can be formulated as estimating a low-rank object from incomplete, and possibly corrupted, linear measurements; prominent examples include matrix completion and tensor completion. Through the lens of matrix and tensor factorization, one of the most popular approaches is to employ simple iterative algorithms such as gradient descent to recover the low-rank factors directly, which allow for small memory and computation footprints. However, the convergence rate of gradient descent depends linearly, and sometimes even quadratically, on the condition number of the low-rank object, and therefore, slows down painstakingly when the problem is ill-conditioned. This thesis introduces a new algorithm: scaled gradient descent (ScaledGD), which provably converges linearly at a constant rate independent of the condition number of the low-rank object, while maintaining the low per-iteration cost of gradient descent. In addition, a nonsmooth variant of ScaledGD provides further robustness to corruptions by optimizing the least absolute deviation loss. In total, ScaledGD highlights the power of appropriate preconditioning in accelerating nonconvex statistical estimation, where the iterationvarying preconditioners promote desirable invariance properties of the trajectory with respect to the symmetry in low-rank factorization.
Clinical outcomes and economic impact of transcatheter mitral leaflet repair in heart failure patients
Creators: name: Asgar, Anita W.
name: Khairy, Paul
name: Marie-Claude Guertin
name: Cournoyer, Daniel
name: Ducharme, Anique
name: Bonan, Raoul
name: Basmadjian, Arsene
name: Tardif, Jean-Claude
name: Cohen, David J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Background: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common valvular heart disorder requiring intervention once it becomes severe. Transcatheter mitral repair with the MitraClip device is a safe and effective therapy for selected patients denied surgery. The authors sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes and economic impact of this therapy compared to medical management in heart-failure patients with symptomatic mitral regurgitation. Methods and results: The study was comprised of two phases; an observational study of patients with heart failure and mitral regurgitation treated with either medical therapy or the MitraClip, and an economic model. Results of the observational study were used to estimate parameters for the decision model, which estimated costs, and benefits in a hypothetical cohort of patients with heart failure and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation treated with either standard medical therapy or MitraClip. The cohort of patients treated with the MitraClip was propensity matched to a population of heart failure patients, and their outcomes compared. At a mean follow-up of 22 months, all-cause mortality was 21% in the MitraClip cohort and 42% in the medical management cohort (p = .007). The decision model demonstrated that MitraClip increased life expectancy from 1.87–3.60 years and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) from 1.13–2.76 years. The incremental cost was $52,500 Canadian dollars, corresponding to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $32,300.00 per QALY gained. Results were sensitive to the survival benefit. Conclusion: In heart failure patients with symptomatic moderate–severe mitral regurgitation, therapy with the MitraClip is associated with superior survival and is cost-effective compared to medical therapy.
Dietary patterns in patients with asthma and their relationship with asthma-related emergency room visits: NHANES 2005–2016
Creators: name: Zhang, Peng
name: Lopez, Rocio
name: Arrigain, Susana
name: Rath, Mary
name: Khatri, Sumita B.
name: Zein, Joe G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Extensive interdependencies exist between dietary intake, metabolic dysregulation, and asthma; however, the dietary pattern in adults with asthma remains unknown. To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and asthma ER visits and explore the effect of the interaction between race and diet on asthma. Using NHANES data, we compared dietary patterns between adults with asthma with and without asthma-related emergency room (ER) visits in the previous year, and between subjects of different races. The 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) was used to assess alignment between dietary patterns and the 2015–2020 Dietary Guideline for Americans. Among 1681 individuals included in the study, 193 reported asthma-related ER visit. Patients with asthma had low fruit and vegetable intake, and a low mean (SE) HEI-2015 score [52.6 (0.53)]. Individuals with asthma-related ER visits had lower vegetable consumption compared to those without (median 0.61 vs. 0.85 cup equivalents). Furthermore, non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) reported lower amount of vegetable (median cup equivalent 0.58 vs. 0.89) and fruit intake (0.17 vs. 0.39) and had a lower HEI-2015 score (49.9 vs. 52.9) comparing to non-Hispanic Whites. No association was discovered between dietary patterns and ER visits in multivariable analysis, or significant interactions between diet and race in predicting the need for ER visits. Dietary patterns in adult with current asthma are frequently misaligned with current dietary guidelines. Patients with asthma-related ER visits and of NHB race had lower vegetable consumption; however, the associations disappeared in multivariable analysis. The impact of diet on asthma is not straightforward and deserves further investigation. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at www.tandfonline.com/ijas.
PL 4-manifolds admitting simple crystallizations: framed links and regular genus
Creators: name: Casali, M. R.
name: Cristofori, P.
name: Gagliardi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q15, 57N13, 57M15

description: Simple crystallizations are edge-coloured graphs representing PL 4-manifolds with the property that the 1-skeleton of the associated triangulation equals the 1-skeleton of a 4-simplex. In the present paper, we prove that any (simply-connected) PL $4$-manifold $M$ admitting a simple crystallization admits a special handlebody decomposition, too; equivalently, $M$ may be represented by a framed link yielding $\mathbb S^3$, with exactly $β_2(M)$ components ($β_2(M)$ being the second Betti number of $M$). As a consequence, the regular genus of $M$ is proved to be the double of $β_2(M)$. Moreover, the characterization of any such PL $4$-manifold by $k(M)= 3 β_2(M)$, where $k(M)$ is the gem-complexity of $M$ (i.e. the non-negative number $p-1$, $2p$ being the minimum order of a crystallization of $M$) implies that both PL invariants gem-complexity and regular genus turn out to be additive within the class of all PL $4$-manifolds admitting simple crystallizations (in particular: within the class of all "standard" simply-connected PL 4-manifolds).
description: 14 pages, no figures; this is a new version of the former paper "A characterization of PL 4-manifolds admitting simple crystallizations"
СОМАТИЗМЫ В ПОЭТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТАХ А.П. ЧЕХОВА И В СОСТАВЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦ
Creators: name: Муратова, Нозанин
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В данной статье рассматривается использование соматических фразеологизмов в поэтических текстах А.П. Чехова и их состав в рамках фразеологических единиц. Соматические фразеологизмы представляют собой выражения, основанные на анатомических терминах, которые используются для описания человеческого тела и его частей.
Computational Methods for Reconstruction of Nanoscale Strain Fields via Multi-Grain Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging
Creators: name: Wilkin, Matthew
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 100708 Nanomaterials
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) has the potential to provide significant insight into the structure-properties relationship for crystalline materials by imaging, with nanoscale resolution, three-dimensional (3D) strain fields within individual grains and nanoparticles. Recent methods for coupling reconstructions from several peaks to determine the full elastic strain tensor have been developed and applied to synthetic data, but have not been applied to experimental data. Using a coupled genetic reconstruction algorithm, this work presents reconstructions of an experimental data set and demonstrates improvements in the ability to resolve vector-valued displacement fields internal to the particle. For experimental data, reconstructions from the coupled Bragg peak algorithm show improvements over the non-coupled independent reconstruction method of 5% in terms of accuracy and 53% in terms of consistency. Additionally, this work presents the ability of this genetic algorithm to accurately reconstruct displacement fields about dislocations, showing a success rate of 90%. Finally, this work demonstrates a method for reconstructing neighboring grains simultaneously, improving the reconstructions by 13.5% in terms of reconstruction accuracy, and laying the foundation for polycrystal BCDI.
Maternal asthma during pregnancy and extremes of body mass index increase the risk of perinatal mortality: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Das, Jui
name: Andrews, Christine
name: Flenady, Vicki
name: Clifton, Vicki L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Asthma during pregnancy and extremes of body mass index (BMI) are independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but the impact of the two conditions combined are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of maternal BMI to adverse birth outcomes in pregnancies complicated by asthma. The study utilized the routinely collected perinatal data on births at the Mater Mother’s Hospital Brisbane, Australia, from January 2008 to December 2019. BMI was grouped as underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5-<24.99), overweight (25-29.99), and obese (≥30) and the population split by the presence and absence of maternal asthma. The comparison group was normal BMI, non-asthmatic pregnant women. A modified Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate the relative risk. In a retrospective cohort study of 110,057 pregnant women, 17.08% of women had asthma. Asthma and BMI were associated with an increased risk of poor fetal and neonatal outcomes. Asthma significantly increased the risk of stillbirth in underweight [adjusted RR: 2.22 (95% CI: 1.25-3.94] and obese [1.74 (1.11-2.71)]; neonatal death in underweight [3.41 (1.89-6.16)] and obese [2.22 (1.37-3.59)] and perinatal death in underweight [2.34 (1.50-3.66)] and obese [1.92 (1.38-2.67)] women. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was increased in neonates of underweight [1.65 (1.44-1.89)] and obese [1.26 (1.14-1.40)] asthmatic women. Extremes of BMI, specifically underweight and obesity, increased the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among asthmatic women highlighting the importance of accounting for BMI during pre-conception and pregnancy related management of asthmatic women.
Medical resource utilization and costs among Australian patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: results of a retrospective observational study
Creators: name: McElroy, Heather J.
name: Roberts, Stuart K.
name: Thompson, Alex J.
name: Angus, Peter W.
name: McKenna, Sarah Jane
name: Warren, Emma
name: Musgrave, Sharon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Objective: To evaluate medical resource utilization (MRU) and associated costs among Australian patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (GT1 CHC), including both untreated patients and those receiving treatment with first-generation protease inhibitor-based regimens (telaprevir, boceprevir with pegylated interferon and ribavirin). Methods: Medical records were reviewed for a stratified random sample of GT1 CHC patients first attending two liver clinics between 2011–2013 (principal population; PP), supplemented by all GT1 CHC patients attending one transplant clinic in the same period (transplant population; TP). CHC-related MRU and associated costs are reported for the PP by treatment status (treated/not treated) stratified by baseline fibrosis grade; and for the TP for the pre-transplant, year of transplant and post-transplant periods. Results: A total 1636 patients were screened and 590 patients (36.1%) were included. Comprehensive MRU data were collected for 276 PP patients (F0–1 n = 59, F2 n = 58, F3 n = 53, F4 n = 106; mean follow-up = 17.3 months). Thirty-eight (13.8%) were treatment-experienced prior to enrolment; 55 (19.9%) received triple therapy during the study. Data were collected for 112 TP patients (mean follow-up = 29.9 months), 33 (29.5%) received a transplant during the study, and 51 (45.5%) beforehand. The annual direct medical costs, excluding drug costs, were higher among treated PP vs untreated PP (AU$: $1,954 vs $1,202); and year of transplant TP vs pre-/post-transplant TP (AU$: pre-transplant $32,407, transplant $155,138, post-transplant $7,358). Limitations: To aid interpretation of results, note that only patients with GT1 CHC who are actively managed are included, and MRU data were collected specifically from liver outpatient clinics. That said, movement of patients between hospitals is rare, and any uncaptured MRU is expected to be minimal. Conclusions: CHC-related MRU increases substantially with disease severity. These real-world MRU data for GT1 CHC will be valuable in assessing the impact of new hepatitis C treatments.
Matter wave lensing to picokelvin temperatures
Creators: name: Kovachy, Tim
name: Hogan, Jason M.
name: Sugarbaker, Alex
name: Dickerson, Susannah M.
name: Donnelly, Christine A.
name: Overstreet, Chris
name: Kasevich, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a matter wave lens and a long time-of-flight, we cool an ensemble of Rb-87 atoms in two dimensions to an effective temperature of less than $50^{+50}_{-30}$~pK. A short pulse of red-detuned light generates an optical dipole force that collimates the ensemble. We also report a three-dimensional magnetic lens that substantially reduces the chemical potential of evaporatively cooled ensembles with high atom number. By observing such low temperatures, we set limits on proposed modifications to quantum mechanics in the macroscopic regime. These cooling techniques yield bright, collimated sources for precision atom interferometry.
description: 5 pagers, 5 figures
Feasibility of video observed therapy to support controller inhaler use among children in West Baltimore
Creators: name: McIntire, K.
name: Weis, B.
name: Ye, L. Litwin
name: Krugman, S. D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: To assess feasibility of a novel video directly observed therapy (DOT)-based digital asthma program intended to support correct inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use among children. We conducted a 60-day pilot study among patients 2–18 years attending a primary care clinic with prescribed ICS and sub-optimally controlled asthma (recent hospitalization, ICS nonadherence, frequent rescue inhaler use, therapy escalation, or Asthma Control Test <20). Participants used a mobile application to receive reminders, submit videos of ICS doses (video DOT), and receive asynchronous feedback on adherence and inhaler technique. We assessed enrollment, engagement, program metrics, and user experience; adherence and inhaler errors were secondary outcomes. Of 26 eligible patients, 21 (81%) enrolled and submitted ≥1 video; median age was 11 years (8–15), 71% were male, 90% had Medicaid, and 62% experienced ≥1 exacerbation in the previous 6 months. Retention was 57% and 52% at week 5 and 8, respectively. Participants submitted 810 videos. Missed doses, inhaler errors (n = 247) and adherence issues (n = 107) prompted 543 communications; inadequate inspiration or holding breath were most common. Among 16 patients with engagement >7 days and >4 videos, median inhaler error rate (proportion of videos with ≥1 error) decreased from week 1 to week 2 (73% vs 8%, p ≤ 0.05) with median adherence >80%. Participants experienced the program as long, but easy to use; benefits included building routines, skill, and independence. This pilot study suggests high program acceptability among our cohort. High engagement with improved inhaler technique over the first 14 days suggests shorter implementation. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at
Analysisi of antioxidant vitamins in 30 Thai vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatographic method
Creators: name: Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2005
Subjects: antioxidant vitamins, ascorbic acid, HPLC, retinol, Thailand, vegetables, ฮฒ-carotene, ฮฑ-tocopherol

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 1, 2, 58-69
From DeWitt initial condition to Cosmological Quantum Entanglement
Creators: name: Davidson, Aharon
name: Ygael, Tomer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gravity-anti-gravity (GaG) odd linear dilaton action offers an eternal inflation evolution governed by the unified (cosmological constant plus radiation) equation of state $ρ-3P=4Λ$. At the mini superspace level, a 'two-particle' variant of the no-boundary proposal, notably 'one-particle' energy dependent, is encountered. While a GaG-odd wave function can only host a weak Big Bang boundary condition, albeit for any $k$, a strong Big Bang boundary condition requires a GaG-even entangled wave function, and singles out $k=0$ flat space. The locally most probable values for the cosmological scale factor and the dilaton field form a grid $\{a^2,aϕ\}\sim\sqrt{4n_1+1}\pm\sqrt{4n_2+1}$.
description: 5 two column pages, 4 figures; v2: Several references added, one sentence rephrased; v3: minor revision (title included)
On Characterizing the Local Pooling Factor of Greedy Maximal Scheduling in Random Graphs
Creators: name: Wildman, Jeffrey
name: Weber, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The study of the optimality of low-complexity greedy scheduling techniques in wireless communications networks is a very complex problem. The Local Pooling (LoP) factor provides a single-parameter means of expressing the achievable capacity region (and optimality) of one such scheme, greedy maximal scheduling (GMS). The exact LoP factor for an arbitrary network graph is generally difficult to obtain, but may be evaluated or bounded based on the network graph's particular structure. In this paper, we provide rigorous characterizations of the LoP factor in large networks modeled as Erdős-Rényi (ER) and random geometric (RG) graphs under the primary interference model. We employ threshold functions to establish critical values for either the edge probability or communication radius to yield useful bounds on the range and expectation of the LoP factor as the network grows large. For sufficiently dense random graphs, we find that the LoP factor is between 1/2 and 2/3, while sufficiently sparse random graphs permit GMS optimality (the LoP factor is 1) with high probability. We then place LoP within a larger context of commonly studied random graph properties centered around connectedness. We observe that edge densities permitting connectivity generally admit cycle subgraphs which forms the basis for the LoP factor upper bound of 2/3. We conclude with simulations to explore the regime of small networks, which suggest the probability that an ER or RG graph satisfies LoP and is connected decays quickly in network size.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, 1 listing. Submitted on 2014-09-02 to IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. Accepted on 2015-05-29 to IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
Supplementary document for Enhanced biochemical sensing with high-Q transmission resonances in free-standing membrane metasurfaces - 7348336.pdf
Creators: name: Rosas, Yuber Samir Sanchez
name: Adi, Wihan
name: Beisenova, Aidana
name: BISWAS, SHOVASIS KUMAR
name: Kuruoglu, Furkan
name: Mei, Hongyan
name: Kats, Mikhail
name: Czaplewski, David
name: Kivshar, Yuri
name: Yesilkoy, Filiz
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Information
Inflation in scale-invariant theories of gravity
Creators: name: Rinaldi, Massimiliano
name: Cognola, Guido
name: Vanzo, Luciano
name: Zerbini, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to the Planck Collaboration, we know the value of the scalar spectral index of primordial fluctuations with unprecedented precision. In addition, the joint analysis of the data from Planck, BICEP2, and KEK has further constrained the value of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ so that chaotic inflationary scenarios seem to be disfavoured. Inspired by these results, we look for a model that yields a value of $r$ that is larger than the one predicted by the Starobinsky model but is still within the new constraints. We show that purely quadratic, renormalizable, and scale-invariant gravity, implemented by loop-corrections, satisfies these requirements.
description: Minor typos corrected. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Improving Group Decision Making for Techno-Economic Analysis
Creators: name: Guo, Niles Xunan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Organizational Behavioral Psychology

description: Group decision-making for techno-economic assessment often involves coordination between multiple stakeholders who have their own perspectives, motivations, objectives, and expertise. This increases the complexity of the decision-making process, requiring interventions that can help groups tradeoff multiple objectives and avoid suboptimal decisions. I focus on two critical problems faced by groups of system designers that have been incompletely explored in behavioral and decision science domain: generating efficient designs and reaching group consensus. I develop and test two classes of behavioral interventions to address these problems: real-time feedback and consensus-driven group recommender systems. Although these have the potential to help groups generate better designs and reach consensus, they lack quantitative evidence of their effectiveness and feasibility to improve group decision-making processes in techno-economic analyses. The objective of this thesis is to provide quantitative evidence of the feasibility and effectiveness of those interventions using behavioral experiments in a laboratory setting. I achieved these objectives by recruiting a wide range of participants (students, laypeople in the general public, experts in an emerging technology), organizing them into groups, and evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of the interventions on helping them to improve their decisionmaking in three different techno-economic areas. I first evaluated the effectiveness of providing real-time feedback to groups of students tasked with designing a complex wastewater management system with multiple objectives. Later, I extend the behavioral experiment framework to build and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using a consensus-driven recommender system to help groups of laypeople to come to a consensus for climate change policy. Finally, I apply the model developed previously to help experts in metal additive manufacturing (MAM) domain to determine part and subassembly suitability for MAM in an U.S. Army context.
Marstrand-type theorems for the counting and mass dimensions in $\mathbb{Z}^d$
Creators: name: Glasscock, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The counting and (upper) mass dimensions are notions of dimension for subsets of $\mathbb{Z}^d$. We develop their basic properties and give a characterization of the counting dimension via coverings. In addition, we prove Marstrand-type results for both dimensions. For example, if $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ has counting dimension $D(A)$, then for almost every orthogonal projection with range of dimension $k$, the counting dimension of the image of $A$ is at least $\min \big(k,D(A)\big)$. As an application, for subsets $A_1, \ldots, A_d$ of $\mathbb{R}$, we are able to give bounds on the counting and mass dimensions of the sumset $c_1 A_1 + \cdots + c_d A_d$ for Lebesgue-almost every $c \in \mathbb{R}^d$. This work extends recent work of Y. Lima and C. G. Moreira.
description: 41 pages
Dietary patterns in patients with asthma and their relationship with asthma-related emergency room visits: NHANES 2005–2016
Creators: name: Peng Zhang,
name: Rocio Lopez,
name: Susana Arrigain,
name: Mary Rath,
name: Sumita B. Khatri,
name: Joe G. Zein,
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Extensive interdependencies exist between dietary intake, metabolic dysregulation, and asthma; however, the dietary pattern in adults with asthma remains unknown. To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and asthma ER visits and explore the effect of the interaction between race and diet on asthma. Using NHANES data, we compared dietary patterns between adults with asthma with and without asthma-related emergency room (ER) visits in the previous year, and between subjects of different races. The 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) was used to assess alignment between dietary patterns and the 2015–2020 Dietary Guideline for Americans. Among 1681 individuals included in the study, 193 reported asthma-related ER visit. Patients with asthma had low fruit and vegetable intake, and a low mean (SE) HEI-2015 score [52.6 (0.53)]. Individuals with asthma-related ER visits had lower vegetable consumption compared to those without (median 0.61 vs. 0.85 cup equivalents). Furthermore, non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) reported lower amount of vegetable (median cup equivalent 0.58 vs. 0.89) and fruit intake (0.17 vs. 0.39) and had a lower HEI-2015 score (49.9 vs. 52.9) comparing to non-Hispanic Whites. No association was discovered between dietary patterns and ER visits in multivariable analysis, or significant interactions between diet and race in predicting the need for ER visits. Dietary patterns in adult with current asthma are frequently misaligned with current dietary guidelines. Patients with asthma-related ER visits and of NHB race had lower vegetable consumption; however, the associations disappeared in multivariable analysis. The impact of diet on asthma is not straightforward and deserves further investigation. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at www.tandfonline.com/ijas.
Mental health indices may fully mediate the relationship between morningness–eveningness and disease control among adult asthma patients
Creators: name: Mokros, Łukasz
name: Witusik, Andrzej
name: Szydłowska, Dorota
name: Jankowski, Konrad S.
name: Kuna, Piotr
name: Pietras, Tadeusz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between morningness–eveningness and disease control with consideration of mental state as a mediator and the control of confounding factors among adult asthma patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which included a nonrandom sample of N = 66 patients from an outpatient unit with a confirmed asthma diagnosis, who gave an informed consent and completed a set of questionnaires: a survey comprising questions about sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Mediation models were created separately for each GHQ-28 dimension (somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and depressive symptoms), for a total score and for four GHQ-28 dimensions together, considered as mediators. Results: Low morning affect was related to poor disease symptom control among patients with asthma. The effect was fully mediated by non-psychotic mental health indices. Evening-time preference was associated with a rise in asthma control, and mediated by somatic symptoms and anxiety/insomnia, when controlled for morning affect. Conclusions: The current study underlines the significance of assessment of both individual morningness–eveningness preference and mental health in the management of asthma symptoms.
Mediterranean diet for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in non-Mediterranean, western countries: What's known and what's needed?
Creators: name: Sualeheen, Ayesha
name: Tan, Sze Yen
name: Georgousopoulou, Ekavi
name: Daly, Robin M.
name: Tierney, Audrey
name: Roberts, Stuart K.
name: George, Elena S
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, affecting 30% of the population in Western countries. MASLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, pathophysiologically underpinned by insulin resistance and frequently co-exists with hypertension, central obesity and dyslipidaemia. Currently, safe and effective pharmacotherapies for MASLD are limited, making weight loss with lifestyle changes the mainstay therapy. A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has emerged as an effective dietary pattern for preventing and managing MASLD, but most studies have been conducted in Mediterranean countries, necessitating further investigation into its benefits in Western populations. Additionally, the effect of holistic multimodal lifestyle interventions, including physical activity combined with the MedDiet, is not well established. Finally, MASLD's widespread prevalence and rapid growth require improved accessibility to interventions. Digital health delivery platforms, designed for remote access, could be a promising approach to providing timely support to individuals with MASLD. This narrative review summarises the current evidence related to the effects of the MedDiet in Western, multicultural populations with MASLD. This includes a detailed description of the composition, prescription and adherence to dietary interventions in terms of how they have been designed and applied. The evidence related to the role of physical activity or exercise interventions prescribed in combination with the MedDiet for MASLD will also be reviewed. Finally, recommendations for the design and delivery of dietary and physical activity or exercise interventions to inform the design of future randomised controlled trials to facilitate the optimal management of MASLD are outlined.
Data and Humans in Algorithmic Risk Assessment
Creators: name: Fogliato, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Algorithmic risk assessment instruments (RAIs) are increasingly used to aid decision makers in high-stakes domains. Characterizing the risks and opportunities of RAIs requires understanding how the data, the design of the tools, their evaluation, and their use affect the resulting decisions. In this thesis, we focus on two components of this design pipeline: the role of selection biases in the data (Part I) and of the interactions between RAIs and human decision makers (Part II). Part I of the thesis covers analyses of the selection biases in criminal justice data that stem from the discrepancy between offense and arrest. We propose sensitivity analyses for fairness evaluations of recidivism RAIs when not all offenses result in arrests. Then, we present three studies that estimate racial disparities in the likelihood of arrest for a criminal offenses The first study focuses on disparities in police enforcement for marijuana violations by comparing data from police records with estimates of underlying criminal behavior obtained from survey data. The second study employs police records of violent crimes. The third study extends this analysis by introducing methods to adjust arrest rates computed on police records for unreported offenses, using victimization data. Part II of the thesis discusses analyses of the influence of RAIs on human judgment. We first investigate how the deployment of an RAI affected decisions in child maltreatment hotline screenings. In particular, we take advantage of a glitch in the implementation of the tool to study whether decision makers adhere to the algorithmic acommendations when the risk is misestimated. Then, we present the results of two vignette studies involving predictive tasks that crowdworkers perform with the aid of RAIs. In the first study, we analyze the ecological validity of various study design choices. In the second study, we test whether homophily between humans and RAI, as well as monetary incentives, affect the behavior of the participants. We conclude with a user study that assesses the impact of human-RAI workflow configurations on the decision-making of expert veterinary radiologists in a clinical imaging task.
The association between air pollution and childhood asthma: United States, 2010–2015
Creators: name: Connor, Eric M.
name: Zablotsky, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The current population-based study examines the association between county-level ambient air pollution and childhood asthma. Data from the nationally representative 2010–2015 National Health Interview Survey were linked to nationwide fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution data at the county-level from the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network which utilizes air quality monitoring stations and modeled PM2.5 measurements (Downscaler model data) and adjusted by county-level socioeconomic characteristics data from the 2010–2015 American Community Survey. Multilevel modeling techniques were used to assess the association between PM2.5 annual concentrations (quartiles < 8.11, 8.11–9.50, 9.51–10.59, ≥ 10.60 µg/m3) and current childhood asthma along with two asthma outcomes (episode in the past year, emergency room (ER) visit due to asthma). From 2010 to 2015, there were significant declines in PM2.5 concentrations and asthma outcomes. In unadjusted models, children living in areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations were more likely to have current asthma, ≥1 asthma episode in the past year, and ≥1 ER visit due to asthma compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile (< 8.11 µg/m3). After adjusting for characteristics at the county, geographic, and child and family-level, significant associations remained for asthma episode, and ER visit among children living in areas with PM2.5 annual concentrations between 9.51 and 10.59 µg/m3 (3rd quartile) compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile. This study adds to the limited literature by incorporating nationally representative county-, child-, and family-level data to provide a multi-level analysis of the associations between air pollution and childhood asthma in the U.S.
Particle production from marginally trapped surfaces of general spacetimes
Creators: name: Senovilla, José M. M.
name: Torres, Ramón
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a general formalism that allows to analyze the phenomenon of tunneling in arbitrary spacetimes. We show that a flux of particles produced by tunneling through general marginally trapped surfaces may be perceived by some privileged observers. We discuss how this particle perception can be related to Hawking/Unruh radiation in specific cases. Our approach naturally leads to an expression for the effective surface gravity of marginally trapped surfaces. The procedure is applicable to general astrophysical and cosmological dynamical situations. Some practical examples for known and new cases are provided.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures. Section 4.2, concerning the analysis of the Kerr-Vaidya solution, has been rewritten, correcting mistakes in previous versions. The corrected calculations do support our claims. A corrigendum has also been sent to CQG. New references added. Some of the mistakes in previous versions are actually common and spread in the literature on the Kerr-Vaidya solution
Searching for Singlet Fission Candidates with Many-Body Perturbation Theory and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Xingyu
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical process where one singlet-state exciton converts into two triplet-state excitons. SF is considered as a possible approach to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit and has started wide discussions in the past decade. However, commercialization of SF-based photovoltaics remains in incubation due to the lack of practical SF materials. To tackle this bottleneck, performing large-scale simulation and screening molecular materials database to search for SF candidates with promising properties is suggested. One of the decisive excitonic properties directing the fission process, the SF thermodynamic driving force can be calculated with the state-of-the-art, many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) under the GW approximation paired with Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). However, GW+BSE calculation is too cumbersome to be selected as the screening scheme for a database with tens of thousands of molecular crystals. Statistical inference is hence introduced to maximize the probability of discovering SF candidates with minimized computational cost. To realize this process, a hierarchical screening workflow incorporating materials science and machine learning (MatML Workflow) was designed and implemented.
СОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОМ ТЕКСТЕ
Creators: name: Муратова, Нозанин
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Данная статья посвящена изучению соматических фразеологизмов в художественном тексте. Соматические фразеологизмы – это выражения, которые содержат в себе слова, связанные с частями тела человека. Их использование в художественном тексте является не только способом обогащения языка, но и способом передачи эмоций и состояний героев. В статье рассмотрены примеры использования соматических фразеологизмов в произведениях разных жанров и авторов, а также даны рекомендации по их использованию в собственном творчестве.
The luminosity distance-redshift relation up to second order in the Poisson gauge with anisotropic stress
Creators: name: Marozzi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the generalization of previously published results, about the perturbed redshift and the luminosity-redshift relation up to second order in perturbation theory, for the case of the Poisson gauge and in the presence of anisotropic stress. The results are therefore valid for general dark energy models and (most) modified gravity models. We use an innovative approach based on the recently proposed "geodesic light-cone" gauge. We then compare our finding with other results, which recently appeared in the literature, for the particular case of vanishing anisotropic stress. Arriving at a common accepted expression for the non-linear and relativistic corrections to the redshift and distance-redshift relation is of fundamental importance in view of future cosmological surveys. Thanks to these surveys the Universe will be further probed with high precision and at very different scales, where non-linear and relativistic effects can play a key role.
description: 15 pages, no figures. Published version including a corrigendum submitted to CQG