cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Plant defensin antibacterial mode of action against Pseudomonas species
Creators: name: Sathoff, Andrew E.
name: Lewenza, Shawn
name: Samac, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. MtDef4 γ-core motif peptide causes membrane permeabilization in both the PA4774::lux(a) and PA3553::lux(b) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Observed fluorescence using optical filters set for SYTO 9 green-fluorescent staining (left), propidium iodine red-fluorescent staining (center), and the merged images (right). Green fluorescence reveals bacterial cells with intact membranes while red fluorescence reveals bacterial cells with damaged membranes. Scale bar is 5 μm.
Lift and drag forces acting on a particle moving in the presence of slip and shear near a wall
Creators: name: Ekanayake, Nilanka. I. K.
name: Berry, Joseph D.
name: Harvie, Dalton J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lift and drag forces acting on a small spherical particle moving with a finite slip in single-wall-bounded flows are investigated via direct numerical simulations. The effect of slip velocity on the particle force is analysed as a function of separation distance for low slip and shear Reynolds numbers ($10^{-3} \leq Re_γ, Re_{\text{slip}} \leq 10^{-1}$) in both quiescent and linear shear flows. A generalised lift model valid for arbitrary particle-wall separation distances and $Re_γ, Re_{\text{slip}} \leq 10^{-1}$ is developed based on the results of the simulations. The proposed model can now predict the lift forces in linear shear flows in the presence or absence of slip,and in quiescent flows when slip is present. Existing drag models are also compared with numerical results for both quiescent and linear shear flows to determine which models capture near wall slip velocities most accurately for low particle Reynolds numbers. Finally, we compare the results of the proposed lift model to previous experimental results of buoyant particles and to numerical results of neutrally-buoyant (force-free) particles moving near a wall in quiescent and linear shear flows. The generalised lift model presented can be used to predict the behaviour of particle suspensions in biological and industrial flows where the particle Reynolds numbers based on slip and shear are $\mathcal{O}(10^{-1})$ and below.
Vector and axial-vector current correlators within the instanton model of QCD vacuum
Creators: name: Dorokhov, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pion electric polarizability, α^E_π^\pm, the leading order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_μ^{hvp 1} $, and the ratio of the difference to the sum of vector and axial-vector correlators, (V-A)/(V+A), are found within the instanton model of QCD vacuum. The results are compared with phenomenological estimates of these quantities following from the ALEPH and OPAL data on vector and axial-vector spectral densities.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, talk given at the 16th Intern. Spin Physics Symposium, SPIN2004, Trieste, Italy (October 10-16, 2004)
Efficient experimental quantum fingerprinting with wavelength division multiplexing
Creators: name: Zhong, Xiaoqing
name: Xu, Feihu
name: Lo, Hoi-Kwong
name: Qian, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum communication complexity studies the efficiency of information communication (that is, the minimum amount of communication required to achieve a certain task) using quantum states. One representative example is quantum fingerprinting, in which the simultaneous message passing model is considered and the minimum amount of communication could be exponentially smaller than the classical fingerprinting protocol. Experimental demonstrations based on a practical quantum fingerprinting protocol where coherent states are used to construct the fingerprints, have successfully shown the superiority of quantum fingerprinting. However, as a consequence of using coherent states, the communication time in this coherent quantum fingerprinting (CQF) protocol is increased. Moreover, the minimum amount of information communicated in these experimental demonstrations is largely limited by the dark counts of the single photon detectors. Here, we propose to enhance the performance of the existing CQF protocol through applying wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and simultaneous detection of multiple wavelength channels. We show that the new WDM-CQF protocol can potentially reduce the communication time significantly. More importantly, with the same experimental parameters, the amount of communication is much reduced in the new scheme compared with the original CQF protocol. The more wavelength channels are used, the less communication is required by WDM-CQF protocol. We also perform a proof-of-concept experimental demonstration of the new WDM-CQF protocol with 6 wavelength channels. The experimental results further validate that the new scheme with WDM not only beats the classical protocol, but also reduces the amount of communication required by the original CQF protocol by more than half.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Bifurcations and Chaos in Time Delayed Piecewise Linear Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Senthilkumar, D. V.
name: Lakshmanan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reinvestigate the dynamical behavior of a first order scalar nonlinear delay differential equation with piecewise linearity and identify several interesting features in the nature of bifurcations and chaos associated with it as a function of the delay time and external forcing parameters. In particular, we point out that the fixed point solution exhibits a stability island in the two parameter space of time delay and strength of nonlinearity. Significant role played by transients in attaining steady state solutions is pointed out. Various routes to chaos and existence of hyperchaos even for low values of time delay which is evidenced by multiple positive Lyapunov exponents are brought out. The study is extended to the case of two coupled systems, one with delay and the other one without delay.
description: 34 Pages, 14 Figures
Essays in empirical macroeconomcs
Creators: name: Kano, Takashi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis consists of three essays that contribute empirical macroeconomics. The first essay jointly tests several of the predictions of the intertemporal approach to the current account and one of its implications, the present value model of the current account (PVM). The intertemporal approach to the current account predicts that the current account of a small open economy is independent of.world common disturbances. The PVM predicts that the response of the current account to a country-specific shock depends on the persistence of the shock. This essay combines these predictions to identify a structural vector autoregression (SVAR). The identification exploits the orthogonality of the world real interest rate and country-specific shocks as well as the lack of a longrun response of net output to transitory shocks. Estimates of the SVAR show that the Canadian and U.K. data support the intertemporal approach with two puzzling exceptions . A recent study claims that habit formation in consumption improves the ability of the PVM of the current account to predict actual current account movements. The second essay shows that the habit-forming P VM of the current account is observationally equivalent to the canonical PVM augmented with a transitory consumption shock. To resolve the identification problem, this essay constructs a small open economy-real business cycle (SOE-RBC) models with habits and stochastic world real interest rates calibrated to Canadian postwar quarterly data. The results from Monte Carlo experiments reveal that to explain sample moments conditional on the habit-forming and standard PVMs, the SOE-RBC model with stochastic world real interest rates dominates the SOE-RBC model with habit formation. The third essay explores the ability of habit formation in consumption, in the context of the one-sector, closed economy-RBC model,'to account for the U.S. growth rates of consumption and output. Existing studies show that habit formation helps successfully explain the negative response of labour input to a positive, permanent technology shock as well as the empirical puzzles of asset pricing behavior. This essay shows that the RBC model with habit formation fails to mimic not only the persistence of output growth over business cycle frequencies but that of consumption growth at zero frequency as well. Further, the model yields counterfactually low volatility of equity returns.
Long-term evolution of an ecosystem with spontaneous periodicity of mass extinctions
Creators: name: Lipowski, Adam
name: Lipowska, Dorota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twenty years ago, after analysing palaeontological data, Raup and Sepkoski suggested that mass extinctions on Earth appear cyclically in time with a period of approximately 26 million years (My). To explain the 26My period, a number of proposals were made involving, e.g., astronomical effects, increased volcanic activity, or the Earth's magnetic field reversal, none of which, however, has been confirmed. Here we study a spatially extended discrete model of an ecosystem and show that the periodicity of mass extinctions might be a natural feature of the ecosystem's dynamics and not the result of a periodic external perturbation. In our model, periodic changes of the diversity of an ecosystem and some of its other characteristics are induced by the coevolution of species. In agreement with some palaeontological data, our results show that the longevity of a species depends on the evolutionary stage at which the species is created. Possible further tests of our model are also discussed.
description: 10 pages, Theory in Biosciences (in press). For associated Java applet see http://spin.amu.edu.pl/~lipowski/prey_pred.html
Caso Práctico de Aprendizaje basado en Retos. Reunión de expertos en Ergonomía y Diseño de puestos de trabajo
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Cifuentes, Francisco
name: Pérez-Torres, Vanesa
name: Latorre Navarro, María Felisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 520104
subject: Industrial and organisational psychology (incl. human factors)

description: Con el apoyo de la Dirección de la organización, se les plantea el reto al estudiantado de reunir a un grupo de expertos/as en el tema, y aprender de él. Tendrán que justificar la selección de expertos que realicen y las acciones que llevarán a cabo con el grupo de expertos. Supported by organization's management, student are challenged to gather and learn from a group of expwerts on the topic. They will have to justify their selection of experts and the actions they will take with the group of experts.
Quantifying the efficiency of state preparation via quantum variational eigensolvers
Creators: name: Matos, Gabriel
name: Johri, Sonika
name: Papić, Zlatko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, there has been much interest in the efficient preparation of complex quantum states using low-depth quantum circuits, such as Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). While it has been numerically shown that such algorithms prepare certain correlated states of quantum spins with surprising accuracy, a systematic way of quantifying the efficiency of QAOA in general classes of models has been lacking. Here, we propose that the success of QAOA in preparing ordered states is related to the interaction distance of the target state, which measures how close that state is to the manifold of all Gaussian states in an arbitrary basis of single-particle modes. We numerically verify this for several examples of non-integrable quantum models, including Ising models with two- and three-spin interactions and the cluster model in an external field. Our results suggest that the structure of the entanglement spectrum, as witnessed by the interaction distance, correlates with the success of QAOA state preparation, and that this correlation also contains information about different phases present in the model. We conclude that QAOA typically finds a solution that perturbs around the closest free-fermion state.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
HD 52452: New BVRI Photometry
Creators: name: Barway, Sudhanshu
name: Pandey, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report the multi-band BVRI photometry of HD 52452. The comparison of our data with previous observations reported by Messina et al. (2001) shows that there is a variation in amplitude, but the phases of the two minima, thus the positions of the spot, are quite stable during our observations.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, IBVS No. 5553, 1
A source-differentiated analysis of tropical fresh fruit imports
Creators: name: Nzaku, Kilungu
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
name: Nzaku, Kilungu
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Tropical Fresh Fruits
subject: Source-Differentiated AIDS model
subject: Import Demand

description: A source-differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System model is used to analyze U.S. demand for the major tropical fresh fruit imports from different countries of origin. The tropical fresh fruits chosen for analysis include fresh bananas, fresh pineapples, papayas, and mangoes/guavas. To address endogeneity problem, we utilized an iterative 3SLS estimation method. Results show that consumer incomes are a major determinant of tropical fresh fruit import demand and most of the tropical fresh fruit imports are luxury commodities. U.S. consumers have a preference for Guatemalan and Costa Rican bananas, Costa Rican and Honduras pineapples, and Ecuador and Mexican mangoes. A competitive relationship exists between bananas from Ecuador and Colombia, Ecuador and Costa Rica, Costa Rica, and Ecuador and bananas in general face competition from the other tropical fresh fruits, particularly from most pineapple and mango sources, and all the other fresh fruit imports. Based on the study findings, the countries of origin could determine how they could increase their products market share in the U.S. and likely impact of price changes of their commodity. For example, Mexico could utilize price competition strategies to retain and regain its declining U.S. mango market share.
Existence of Engel structures
Creators: name: Vogel, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R (primary); 58A, 53D (secondary)

description: We develop a construction of Engel stuctures on 4-manifolds based on decompositions of manifolds into round handles. This allows us to show that all parallelizable 4-manifolds admit an Engel structure. We also show that, given two Engel manifolds M_1,M_2 satisfying a certain condition on the characteristic foliation, there is an Engel structure on M_1#M_2#(S^2xS^2) which is closely related to the original Engel structures.
description: 57 pages, 14 figures
Strong approximation of time-changed stochastic differential equations involving drifts with random and non-random integrators
Creators: name: Jin, Sixian
name: Kobayashi, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C30, 60H10

description: The rates of strong convergence for various approximation schemes are investigated for a class of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) which involve a random time change given by an inverse subordinator. SDEs to be considered are unique in two different aspects: i) they contain two drift terms, one driven by the random time change and the other driven by a regular, non-random time variable; ii) the standard Lipschitz assumption is replaced by that with a time-varying Lipschitz bound. The difficulty imposed by the first aspect is overcome via an approach that is significantly different from a well-known method based on the so-called duality principle. On the other hand, the second aspect requires the establishment of a criterion for the existence of exponential moments of functions of the random time change.
description: Restriction placed on the dimension in section 5; the second figure updated; minor modifications for clarification purposes made throughout
Distinguishing Different Industry Technologies and Localized Technical Change
Creators: name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Sauer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Heterogenous Technologies
subject: Transformation Function
subject: Localized Technical Change

description: This contribution is based on the notion that different technologies are present in an industry. These different technologies result in differential “drivers” of economic performance depending on the kind of technology used by the individual firm. In a first step different technologies are empirically distinguished. Subsequently, the associated production patterns are approximated and the respective change over time is estimated. A latent class modelling approach is used to distinguish different technologies for a representative sample of E.U. dairy producers as an industry exhibiting significant structural changes and differences in production systems in the past decades. The production technology is modelled and evaluated by using the flexible functional form of a transformation function and measures of first- and second-order elasticities. We find that overall (average) measures do not well reflect individual firms’ production patterns if the technology of an industry is heterogeneous. If there is more than one type of production frontier embodied in the data, it should be recognized that different firms may exhibit very different output or input intensities and changes associated with different production systems. In particular, in the context of localized technical change, firms with different technologies can be expected to show different technical change patterns, both in terms of overall magnitudes and associated relative output and input mix changes. Assuming a homogenous technology would result in inefficient policy recommendations leading to suboptimal industry outcomes.
Caso Práctico de Aprendizaje basado en retos. Reunión de expertos en ergonomía y diseño de puestos de trabajo
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Cifuentes, Francisco
name: Pérez-Torres, Vanesa
name: Latorre Navarro, María Felisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 520104
subject: Industrial and organisational psychology (incl. human factors)

description: Con el apoyo de la Dirección de la organización, se les plantea el reto al estudiantado de reunir a un grupo de expertos/as en el tema, y aprender de él. Tendrán que justificar la selección de expertos que realicen y las acciones que llevarán a cabo con el grupo de expertos. Supported by organization's management, student are challenged to gather and learn from a group of expwerts on the topic. They will have to justify their selection of experts and the actions they will take with the group of experts.
Detection of a possible multiphase ultra-fast outflow in IRAS 13349+2438 with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Parker, M. L.
name: Matzeu, G. A.
name: Alston, W. N.
name: Fabian, A C.
name: Lobban, A.
name: Miniutti, G.
name: Pinto, C.
name: Santos-Lleó, M.
name: Schartel, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the bright, variable quasar IRAS 13349+2438. This combined dataset shows two clear iron absorption lines at 8 and 9 keV, which are most likely associated with two layers of mildly relativistic blueshifted absorption, with velocities of 0.14c and 0.27c. We also find strong evidence for a series of Ly$α$ absorption lines at intermediate energies in a stacked XMM-Newton EPIC-pn spectrum, at the same blueshift as the lower velocity iron feature. This is consistent with a scenario where an outflowing wind is radially stratified, so faster, higher ionization material is observed closer to the black hole, and cooler, slower material is seen from streamlines at larger radii.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS letters
Do defaults matter? Willingness to pay to avoid GM food vis-à-vis organic and conventional food in Denmark, Great Britain and Spain
Creators: name: Costa-Font, Montserrat
name: Tranter, Richard B.
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Jones, Philip J.
name: Gylling, Morten
name: Costa-Font, Montserrat
name: Tranter, Richard B.
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Jones, Philip J.
name: Gylling, Morten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Genetically modified food
subject: consumer behavior
subject: choice models
subject: Denmark
subject: Great Britain
subject: Spain

description: The introduction and communication of new technologies in the food industries has given rise in the past to some scientific uncertainty that hampers informed choice. Here we draw upon the case of Genetically Modified (GM) technology and, in particular, on different types of GM food, to investigate consumers’ behavioural reactions to GM food as well as their willingness to pay for avoiding GM food in three EU countries, Denmark, GB and Spain in 2007. Our unique contribution lies in that our empirical analysis concerns two food products containing different characteristics. In particular, we compare consumers’ reactions to cornflakes (to represent a processed food) and tomatoes (to represent a 'fresh' food) juxtaposed with GM and conventionally produced food. Our results reveal that, although GM food is the least preferred production process (vis-à-vis organic or conventional food), consumers can be divided into two groups depending on their preferences for organic food. Namely, a first group is made up of GB and Spain where consumers are willing to pay a small, or modest, premium over the respective market average price, and a second group is that of Denmark where consumers’ willingness to pay is significantly larger. Although risk is an influential characteristic, risk rankings indicate that GM food is perceived as less risky than irradiation, artificial growth hormones in food or pesticides used in the production process.
Degree of entanglement as a physically ill-posed problem: The case of entanglement with vacuum
Creators: name: Pawlowski, Marcin
name: Czachor, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze an example of a photon in superposition of different modes, and ask what is the degree of their entanglement with vacuum. The problem turns out to be ill-posed since we do not know which representation of the algebra of canonical commutation relations (CCR) to choose for field quantization. Once we make a choice, we can solve the question of entanglement unambiguously. So the difficulty is not with mathematics, but with physics of the problem. In order to make the discussion explicit we analyze from this perspective a popular argument based on a photon leaving a beam splitter and interacting with two two-level atoms. We first solve the problem algebraically in Heisenberg picture, without any assumption about the form of representation of CCR. Then we take the $\infty$-representation and show in two ways that in two-mode states the modes are maximally entangled with vacuum, but single-mode states are not entangled. Next we repeat the analysis in terms of the representation of CCR taken from Berezin's book and show that two-mode states do not involve the mode-vacuum entanglement. Finally, we switch to a family of reducible representations of CCR recently investigated in the context of field quantization, and show that the entanglement with vacuum is present even for single-mode states. Still, the degree of entanglement is here difficult to estimate, mainly because there are $N+2$ subsystems, with $N$ unspecified and large.
description: This paper is basically a reply to quant-ph/0507189 by S. J. van Enk and to the remarks we got from L. Vaidman after our preliminary quant-ph/0507151. Version accepted in Phys. Rev. A
Additional file 1 of The Patient Activation through Community Empowerment/Engagement for Diabetes Management (PACE-D) protocol: a non-randomised controlled trial of personalised care and support planning for persons living with diabetes
Creators: name: Tan, Wee Hian
name: Loh, Victor Weng Keong
name: Venkataraman, Kavita
name: Shoon Thai Choong
name: Yii Jen Lew
name: Sundram, Meena
name: Tsou, Keith
name: Tan, Soon Guan
name: Gibbons, Brent
name: Entwistle, Vikki
name: Young, Doris
name: E Shyong Tai
name: Yew, Tong Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Effects of Global Climate Change on Nigerian Agriculture: An Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Apata, Temidayo Gabriel
name: Ogunyinka, A.I.
name: Sanusi, R.A.
name: Ogunwande, S.
name: Apata, Temidayo Gabriel
name: Ogunyinka, A.I.
name: Sanusi, R.A.
name: Ogunwande, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Climate change
subject: Adaptation
subject: Economic consequences
subject: Farm level productivity
subject: Average Rainfall
subject: Nigeria

description: This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effects of global warming on Nigerian agriculture and estimation of the determinants of adaptation to climate change. Data used for this study are from both secondary and primary sources. The set of secondary sources of data helped to examine the coverage of the three scenarios (1971-1980; 1981-1990 and 1991-2000). The primary data set consists of 1500 respondents’ but only 1250 cases were useful. This study analyzed determinants of farm-level climate adaptation measures using a Multinomial choice and stochastic-simulation model to investigate the effects of rapid climatic change on grain production and the human population in Nigeria. The model calculates the production, consumption and storage of grains under different climate scenarios over a 10-year scenery. In most scenarios, either an optimistic baseline annual increase of agricultural output of 1.85% or a more pessimistic appraisal of 0.75% was used. The rate of natural increase of the human population exclusive of excess hunger-related deaths was set at 1.65% per year. Results indicated that hunger-related deaths could double if grain productions do not keep pace with population growth in an unfavourable climatic environment. However, Climate change adaptations have significant impact on farm productivity.
Efficient nutrient management - A win for the farmer and a win for the environment
Creators: name: Buckley, Cathal
name: Buckley, Cathal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Within the constraints of the EU Nitrates and Water Framework Directives, controlling and managing nutrient transfers to water from excessive nutrient use on agricultural land is a significant environmental policy challenge. This paper assesses whether there is room to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus applications by exploring the extent of their over application by land managers using data envelopment analysis methodology. This paper concentrates on specialist dairy and tillage farms stratified by land use potential as these agricultural systems are the most intensive and may pose the greatest risk in terms of managing nutrient transfer from agricultural land to water courses. Results demonstrate considerable inefficiency in the utilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers across these systems. Average over application on dairy farms compared to efficient benchmark farms ranged from 25.9 to 33.3 kg Nitrogen ha-1 and 3.0 to 3.04 kg Phosphorus ha-1. Results for specialist tillage farms indicate over application of 21.2 kg N ha-1 and 3.3 kg P ha-1in 2008. Average, potential cost savings on chemical fertilisers across all systems on average ranged from €36 ha-1 to €50 ha-1. Additionally, potential cost savings on imported feeds of €68 to €113 per livestock units were indicated on dairy farms. Such reductions have the potential to deliver a double dividend by reducing the risk of nutrient leaching and diffuse pollution from agricultural land while improving economic margins at farm level.
Large-Amplitude Ultraviolet Variations in the RR Lyrae Star ROTSE-I J143753.84+345924.8
Creators: name: Wheatley, J. M.
name: Welsh, B. Y.
name: Siegmund, O. H. W.
name: Byun, Y. I.
name: Yi, S.
name: Lee, Y. W.
name: Madore, B. F.
name: Viton, M.
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Bianchi, L.
name: Barlow, T. A.
name: Donas, J.
name: Forster, K.
name: Friedman, P. G.
name: Heckman, T. M.
name: Jelinsky, P. N.
name: Malina, R. F.
name: Martin, D. C.
name: Milliard, B.
name: Morrissey, P.
name: Neff, S. G.
name: Schiminovich, D.
name: Small, T.
name: Szalay, A. S.
name: Wyder, T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) satellite has obtained simultaneous near and far ultraviolet light curves of the ROTSE-I Catalog RR Lyrae ab-type variable star J143753.84+345924.8. A series of 38 GALEX Deep Imaging Survey observations well distributed in phase within the star's 0.56432d period shows an AB=4.9mag variation in the far UV (1350-1750A) band and an AB=1.8mag variation in the near UV (1750-2750A) band, compared with only a 0.8mag variation in the broad, unfiltered ROTSE-I (4500-10000A) band. These GALEX UV observations are the first to reveal a large RR Lyrae amplitude variation at wavelengths below 1800A. We compare the GALEX and ROTSE-I observations to predictions made by recent Kurucz stellar atmosphere models. We use published physical parameters for the comparable period (0.57433d), well-observed RR Lyrae star WY Antliae to compute predicted FUV, NUV, and ROTSE-I light curves for J143753.84+345924.8. The observed light curves agree with the Kurucz predictions for [Fe/H]=-1.25 to within AB=0.2mag in the GALEX NUV and ROTSE-I bands, and within 0.5mag in the FUV. At all metallicities between solar and one hundredth solar, the Kurucz models predict 6-8mag of variation at wavelengths between 1000-1700A. Other variable stars with similar temperature variations, such as Cepheids, should also have large-amplitude FUV light curves, observable during the ongoing GALEX imaging surveys.
description: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http:/www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS after November 22, 2004
title: The effects of feature phones vs smart phones on communities of practice of business women in Nigeria: a context awareness approach
Creators: name: Ekeng-Itua, Rose-Margaret
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2018

description: The concepts of Communities of Practice (CoP) have been used for centuries all over the world to affect knowledge and information exchange, even more so in African Communities. Previous researchers have explored the efficacy of CoPs as a medium for knowledge management and exchange and have tended to focus on the educational sector in developed countries. Although, some literature mentions the far-reaching applications of CoPs in other sectors and its possible application in developing regions, there is still a lack of research in this area. The research gap becomes even more significant when seeking empirical data on the impact of information technology (IT) in knowledge and information exchange amongst CoPs of African Women and the value (social capital) that diverse forms of IT can have on CoPs in Africa. This PhD research therefore seeks to fill this research gap by investigating the impact of feature phones vs smart phones on a CoP of African Business Women using Nigeria as a case study. This offers a variety of opportunities to improve the socio-economic state of the country and region. CoPs are part of the fibre of the social structure in Africa. They exist informally and formally and have historically been known to be causative factors for socio-economic growth. This research therefore seeks to observe how these two (CoPs and Mobile Phones) socio­economic change causal factors interplay with each other, focusing on how "Value" (Social Capital) is created in CoPs female businesswomen through feature Phones vs smart phones. This research utilizes a novel tool for assessing value creation in communities and networks - the Wenger's Value Creation assessment framework. A picture of value created with CoPs using feature phones vs CoPs using smart phones is created using Wenger's Value Creation framework. Both Qualitative (Ethnography) and Quantitative (Surveys) approaches are used in this study.
Evaluating the Effects of Decoupled Payments under Output and Price Uncertainty
Creators: name: Kotakou, Christina A.
name: Katranidis, Stelios D.
name: Kotakou, Christina A.
name: Katranidis, Stelios D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: decoupling
subject: uncertainty

description: This paper examines the effects of decoupling policies on Greek cotton production under the hypothesis that producers face uncertainty about output price and quantity. Using our estimation results we simulate the effects on cotton production under four alternative policy scenarios: the ‘Old’ CAP regime (i.e. the policy practiced until 2005), the Mid-Term Review regime, a fully decoupled policy regime and a free trade-no policy scenario. Our results indicate the decoupled payment will have two contradictious effects on risk aversion. Producers become less risk averse through the wealth effect but more risk averse because of the increased output variance. The overall result of these two effects depends on the degree of risk aversion by farmers. We found that when the degree of risk aversion is high the wealth effect is positive. However, in the case of low risk aversion and a wealth effect equal to zero the decoupled payments become production neutral.
Laser spectroscopy of indium Rydberg atom bunches by electric field ionization
Creators: name: Vernon, A. R.
name: Ricketts, C. M.
name: Billowes, J.
name: Cocolios, T. E.
name: Cooper, B. S.
name: Flanagan, K. T.
name: Ruiz, R. F. Garcia
name: Gustafsson, F. P.
name: Neyens, G.
name: Perrett, H. A.
name: Sahoo, B. K.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Waso, F. J.
name: Yang, X. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports on the application of a novel electric field-ionization setup for high-resolution laser spectroscopy measurements on bunched fast atomic beams in a collinear geometry. In combination with multi-step resonant excitation to Rydberg states using pulsed lasers, the field ionization technique demonstrates increased sensitivity for isotope separation and measurement of atomic parameters over non-resonant laser ionization methods. The setup was tested at the Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy experiment at ISOLDE-CERN to perform high-resolution measurements of transitions in the indium atom from the 5s$^2$5d~$^2$D$_{5/2}$ and 5s$^2$5d~$^2$D$_{3/2}$ states to 5s$^2$($n$)p~$^2$P and 5s$^2$($n$)f~$^2$F Rydberg states, up to a principal quantum number of $n$ = 72. The extracted Rydberg level energies were used to re-evaluate the ionization potential of the indium atom to be 46670.1055(21) cm$^{-1}$. The nuclear magnetic dipole and nuclear electric quadrupole hyperfine structure constants and level isotope shifts of the 5s$^2$5d~$^2$D$_{5/2}$ and 5s$^2$5d~$^2$D$_{3/2}$ states were determined for $^{113,115}$In. The results are compared to calculations using relativistic coupled-cluster theory. A good agreement is found with the ionization potential and isotope shifts, while disagreement of hyperfine structure constants indicates an increased importance of electron correlations in these excited atomic states. With the aim of further increasing the detection sensitivity for measurements on exotic isotopes, a systematic study of the field-ionization arrangement implemented in the work was performed and an improved design was simulated and is presented. The improved design offers increased background suppression independent of the distance from field ionization to ion detection.
Numerical stability for finite difference approximations of Einstein's equations
Creators: name: Calabrese, Gioel
name: Hinder, Ian
name: Husa, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the notion of numerical stability of finite difference approximations to include hyperbolic systems that are first order in time and second order in space, such as those that appear in Numerical Relativity. By analyzing the symbol of the second order system, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for stability in a discrete norm containing one-sided difference operators. We prove stability for certain toy models and the linearized Nagy-Ortiz-Reula formulation of Einstein's equations. We also find that, unlike in the fully first order case, standard discretizations of some well-posed problems lead to unstable schemes and that the Courant limits are not always simply related to the characteristic speeds of the continuum problem. Finally, we propose methods for testing stability for second order in space hyperbolic systems.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies: Distributional Impacts and Welfare Effects
Creators: name: Salois, Matthew J.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
name: Salois, Matthew J.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: distributional characteristic
subject: fat tax
subject: obesity
subject: thin subsidy
subject: welfare.

description: The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall effectiveness of such fiscal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of fiscal food policies on society. This paper fills a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare effects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on different food groups. Using the methods derived from marginal tax reform theory, a formal welfare economics framework is developed allowing the calculation of the distributional characteristics of various food groups and approximate welfare measures of prices changes caused by a tax-subsidy combination. The distributional characteristics reveal that many of the food groups target by a fat tax are consumed in greater concentration by low-income households than higher-income households. The overall welfare effect of a fat tax and thin subsidy combination is found to be negative, meaning that the thin subsidy is not enough to compensate for the negative impacts of the fat tax.
title: Corporate governance disclosure and practice in Libyan commercial banks: institutional insights
Creators: name: Elfadli, Ali M. H.
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2018

description: Along with other corporate governance principles, disclosure plays an essential role in protecting shareholders, raising corporate performance and reducing the risk of financial crises. In order to improve corporate governance disclosure, it is necessary to understand the context in which it takes place, but so far, there has been little consideration in the literature of the impact that institutions have on corporate governance disclosure and practice, especially in the Meddle East and North Africa MENA countries. This research responds to this gap by shedding light on the recent development of CG disclosure and practice in Libyan commercial banks. This sector, which plays an important role in the Libyan economy, has seen significant CG reforms in recent years; the research investigates how banks have responded to these reforms and to international corporate governance disclosure requirements. Data for the study were collected in two stages: first from banks’ annual reports and websites, and then via semi-structured interviews with key actors in the banking sector. These actors were drawn from a range of stakeholder groups having a particular interest in corporate governance. The interviews sought to investigate their perceptions of the institutions that have had/are having an impact on the development of corporate governance disclosure and practice in Libya. The findings suggest that despite the reforms, Libyan commercial banks have responded to the corporate governance disclosure requirements to only a very limited extent, and that they disclose much less than companies in the developing countries. The main institutions influencing CG disclosure and practice in Libyan commercial banks appear to be the bureaucratic state, kinship networks, the political context and the law. The bureaucratic state, as represented in the Central Bank of Libya, has had a positive impact by enforcing regulation and supporting banks to change their practice, but other institutions have hindered progress; for example, the traditional emphasis on kinship has undermined the independence of boards and helped foster a culture of secrecy, while political instability has led banks to regard CG as a less urgent priority. Two other institution (religion and market) were shown to have no impact on the development of corporate governance disclosure and practice in Libyan society. The study gives new insights into the influence of institutions on CG disclosure and practice in one MENA country facing significant political change. It discusses the implications of these findings, including how to mitigate the negative impacts and maximize the positive ones, before offering suggestions for future research.
Equivalence of Bose-Einstein condensation and symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Suto, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a classic paper by Ginibre [Commun. Math. Phys. {\bf 8} 26 (1968)] it is shown that whenever Bogoliubov's approximation, that is, the replacement of a_0 and a_0^* by complex numbers in the Hamiltonian, asymptotically yields the right pressure, it also implies the asymptotic equality of |< a_0>|^2/V and < a_0^*a_0>/V in symmetry breaking fields, irrespective of the existence or absence of Bose-Einstein condensation. Because the former was proved by Ginibre to hold for absolutely integrable superstable pair interactions, the latter is equally valid in this case. Apart from Ginibre's work, our proof uses only a simple convexity inequality due to Griffiths.
description: An error in my summary of previous results (the definition of F') is corrected. The correction is to be done also in the PRL
Stability conditions on a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold
Creators: name: Bridgeland, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the space of stability conditions $\Stab(X)$ on the non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold $X$ which is the total space of the canonical bundle of $\PP^2$. We give a combinatorial description of an open subset of $\Stab(X)$ and state a conjecture relating $\Stab(X)$ to the Frobenius manifold obtained from the quantum cohomology of $\PP^2$. We give some evidence from mirror symmetry for this conjecture.
description: A surprising number of errors have been corrected. This is the final version to be published in Communications in Mathematical Physics
Near-Optimal Distributed Band-Joins through Recursive Partitioning
Creators: name: Li, Rundong
name: Gatterbauer, Wolfgang
name: Riedewald, Mirek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider running-time optimization for band-joins in a distributed system, e.g., the cloud. To balance load across worker machines, input has to be partitioned, which causes duplication. We explore how to resolve this tension between maximum load per worker and input duplication for band-joins between two relations. Previous work suffered from high optimization cost or considered partitionings that were too restricted (resulting in suboptimal join performance). Our main insight is that recursive partitioning of the join-attribute space with the appropriate split scoring measure can achieve both low optimization cost and low join cost. It is the first approach that is not only effective for one-dimensional band-joins but also for joins on multiple attributes. Experiments indicate that our method is able to find partitionings that are within 10% of the lower bound for both maximum load per worker and input duplication for a broad range of settings, significantly improving over previous work.
Spectra of Regular Quantum Trees: Rogue Eigenvalues and Dependence on Vertex Condition
Creators: name: Hess, Zhaoxia W.
name: Shipman, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B45, 34B08, 34A26, 34L15, 34L20, 34L05

description: We investigate the spectrum of Schrödinger operators on finite regular metric trees through a relation to orthogonal polynomials that provides a graphical perspective. As the Robin vertex parameter tends to $-\infty$, a narrow cluster of finitely many eigenvalues tends to $-\infty$, while the eigenvalues above the cluster remain bounded from below. Certain "rogue" eigenvalues break away from this cluster and tend even faster toward $-\infty$. The spectrum can be visualized as the intersection points of two objects in the plane--a spiral curve depending on the Schrödinger potential, and a set of curves depending on the branching factor, the diameter of the tree, and the Robin parameter.