Hydnellum roseoviolaceum Nitare &amp; Ainsworth &amp; Larsson &amp; Parfitt &amp; Suz &amp; Svantesson &amp; Larsson 2021, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Nitare, J.
name: Ainsworth, A. M.
name: Larsson, E.
name: Parfitt, D.
name: Suz, L. M.
name: Svantesson, S.
name: Larsson, K. - H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Thelephorales
Bankeraceae
Hydnellum
Hydnellum roseoviolaceum

description: <i>Hydnellum roseoviolaceum</i> Nitare <i>sp.nov.</i> MycoBank MB837986. Figs 7A‒C, 9F. <i>Etymology</i>: Epithet derived from <i>roseo</i> (L) = rose, referring to the rosy (rose-coloured) basidiomatal context, combined with <i>violaceum</i> (violet-coloured) referring to its tendency to change colour to violet-lilac. <i>Typus</i>: <b>Sweden</b>, Härjedalen, Sveg, Fisktjärnområdet, Ytterberg, in dry, lichen-dominated, seminatural old pine heath forest on acidic sand together with <i>Cladonia</i> spp., 62.072398 / 14.541843, 19 Sep. 2009, <i>B. Petterson &amp; S. Pratheepchuang</i> (<b>holotypus</b> GB-0195936; <b>isotypi</b> O, UPS); GenBank accession: MW144374. <i>Description</i>. <i>Basidiomata</i> terrestrial,stipitate,fleshy and compact, simple, ofen rather small and slender. Pileus (30‒)50‒80 mm broad, convex to plano-convex, somewhat depressed in the centre, with undulating edge, ochraceous brown, tobacco/cigarbrown to reddish brown, with blackish spots in old or damaged parts. Pileus becoming more-or-less dirty black-spotted due to blackening of the hypodermis. Cuticle (pileipellis) dry, epidermis in young basidiomata forming a very thin brown tomentum, later becoming almost smooth, with no radially arranged fibrils, but with short and very small adnate hairy tufs from agglutination of tomentum hyphae (only seen under a lens),in patches sometimes cracked into small areoles. Dry specimens sometimes with small yellowish dots of excreted matter. <i>Stipe</i> 40‒60 × (5‒)10‒15 mm, concolourous with the pileus, tapering downwards and with a short greyish-blue rooting point. <i>Spines</i> strongly decurrent, but rarely reaching the middle of the stipe,up to 5 mm long,crowded, with age dark brown, but for a long time pallid at the tip. <i>Flesh</i> not zoned, first pinkish to rosy, becoming violaceous to lilac in about 20 s, at least in the central parts of the basidioma, more-or-less blackening when drying. No particular smell, taste mild. <i>Chemical reaction</i>. When adding 3 % KOH to dry specimens, both the pileipellis and flesh (trama) immediately change colour to charcoal black. <i>Hyphal system</i> monomitic,all hyphae simple septate,tramal hyphae in spines up to 10 µm wide. <i>Basidia</i> clavate, clampless, with 4 sterigmata. <i>Basidiospores</i> pale brownish, globose or subglobose, tuberculate, with oblique apiculus, 4.3‒5.1 × 3.2‒4.2 µm, av. = 4.7 × 3.6 µm, Q = 1.1‒1.5 (n = 2/48, measurements from the lateral side without tubercles), tubercles numerous, 0.5‒0.8 µm high, with prominent rounded apices. <i>Ecology and distribution</i>: Presumably ectomycorrhizal with <i>Pinus sylvestris.</i> Found in old, seminatural <i>Pinus</i> stands (pine heaths) on dry, acidic sandy soil with <i>Cladonia</i> lichens. Only known from three records (two localities) in eastern central Sweden, within the middle and northern boreal vegetation zones in areas with a rather continental climate. <i>Additional specimens examined</i>: <b>Sweden</b>, Härjedalen, Sveg, Fisktjärnområdet, Ytterberg, 29 Aug. 2008, <i>P. Hedberg</i> (UPS) (= first record at the type locality); Dalarna, Våmhus, Kumbelnäs, Bonäsheden, old pine heath on fossil eolian sand-dunes, 8 Sep. 2008, <i>D. Broström</i> GB-0195687. <i>Notes</i>: Among the hydnoid fungi associated with <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, <i>Hydnellum roseoviolaceum</i> seems to be very close to, and has been mistaken for, <i>H. fuligineoviolaceum</i> due to its tendency to assume a lilac flesh.It differs by smaller spores,colour changes in the flesh from rose to violet (not being violet from the beginning as in <i>H. fuligineoviolaceum</i>) and its mild taste (<i>N.B.</i> some people cannot detect the very acrid taste of <i>H. fuligineoviolaceum</i>). It differs from <i>H</i>. <i>glaucopus e.g.</i> by its more intense rose-lilac flesh and by being associated with <i>Pinus</i> (not <i>Picea</i>) on acidic, noncalcareous sites. The pictures, and partly the description, of <i>S. fuligineoviolaceus</i>, by Maas Geesteranus (1975a, <i>e.g.</i> plate 38) seem very similar to those of this new species (collections from Greece not checked) and this may be due to a misapplication of the name. To compare the newly described species with Kalchbrenner and Fries’ original concept of <i>Hydnum fuligineo-violaceum</i>, the Carpathian collection from pinewoods at Olaszi (now Spišské Vlachy in Slovakia) made in Sept. 1870 and bearing Fries’ handwriting (UPS, F-173546) was studied. The collection is selected as the type by Maas Geesteranus (1975a) but he refrained from a precise designation by writing “(Holo?)Typus”. This is probably the original collection Fries refers to as <i>v. s.</i> (= <i>vidi siccam</i>; I have seen it dry) (Fries 1874). The material consists of one small basidioma divided in three slices. The flesh is typically bluish-violet-grey (also in the spines) and the spores are 5.1‒6.2 × 3.4‒4.4 µm, av. = 5.6 × 3.7 µm (n = 32, measurements from the lateral side without tubercles), tubercles 0.6‒0.8 µm high. Kalchbrenner’s collection therefore represents, without doubt, the present concept of <i>Hydnellum fuligineoviolaceum</i>. An ITS BLAST search in GenBank brings up two western North American sequences as the closest matches at 95–96 %. These sequences are both generated from ectomycorrhizal root-tips, one from a <i>Pinus muricata</i> stand in northern California (Moeller <i>et al</i>. 2014), the other from <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> in British Columbia (Kranabetter <i>et al</i>. 2015). The sequence difference to <i>H. roseoviolaceum</i> consists of 15 indels and 14 gaps. We currently cannot suggest any name for this American sister taxon, if any exists. If the basidiomatal colours are like those of <i>H. roseoviolaceum</i>, it is likely to become misidentified as <i>H</i>. <i>fuscoindicum.</i>
description: Published as part of <i>Nitare, J., Ainsworth, A. M., Larsson, E., Parfitt, D., Suz, L. M., Svantesson, S. &amp; Larsson, K. - H., 2021, Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens, pp. 233-254 in Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7 (1)</i> on pages 248-250, DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12, http://zenodo.org/record/5838834
description: {"references": ["Maas Geesteranus RA (1975 a). Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas [The terrestrial hydnums of Europe]. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks 65: 1 - 127.", "Fries EM (1874). Hymenomycetes Europaei. Upsaliae, Ed. Berling, Sweden.", "Moeller HV, Peay KG, Fukami T (2014). Ectomycorrhizal fungal traits reflect environmental conditions along a coastal California edaphic gradient. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 87: 797 - 806.", "Kranabetter JM, Stoehr M, O'Neill GA (2015). Ectomycorrhizal fungal maladaptation and growth reductions associated with assisted migration of Douglas-fir. New Phytologist 206: 1135 - 1144."]}