cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron emission from plasmonic nanoparticles: Comparison between surface and volume photoelectric effects
Creators: name: Uskov, Alexander V.
name: Protsenko, Igor E.
name: Ikhsanov, Renat Sh.
name: Babicheva, Viktoriia E.
name: Zhukovsky, Sergei V.
name: Lavrinenko, Andrey V.
name: OReilly, Eoin P.
name: Xu, Hongxing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study emission of photoelectrons from plasmonic nanoparticles into surrounding matrix. We consider two mechanisms of the photoelectric effect from nanoparticles - surface and volume ones, and use models of these two effects which allow us to obtain analytical results for the photoelectron emission rates from nanoparticle. Calculations have been done for the step potential at surface of spherical nanoparticle, and the simple model for the hot electron cooling have been used. We highlight the effect of the discontinuity of the dielectric permittivity at the nanoparticle boundary in the surface mechanism, which leads to substantial (by 5 times) increase of photoelectron emission rate from nanoparticle compared to the case when such discontinuity is absent. For plasmonic nanoparticle, a comparison of two mechanisms of the photoeffect was done for the first time and showed that surface photoeffect, at least, does not concede the volume one, which agrees with results for the flat metal surface first formulated by Tamm and Schubin in their pioneering development of quantum-mechanical theory of photoeffect in 1931. In accordance with our calculations, this predominance of the surface effect is a result of effective cooling of hot carriers, during their propagation from volume of the nanoparticle to its surface in the scenario of the volume mechanism. Taking into account both mechanisms is essential in development of devices based on the photoelectric effect and in usage of hot electrons from plasmonic nanoantenna.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 61 references
Homeland Defense and Security Universal Interface Software (HDUIS) Protocol Communication Gateway UIS Protocol Enhancements, Alterations and Attachments
Creators: name: Niznik, Dr. Carol A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Universal Interface Software(UIS) Protocol was a Theater Missile Defense Gateway Protocol which linked the Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI) Architecture Killer Satellite Software Protocol to the National Test Bed Simulation Software Protocol to enable neural network shock loop operation when ICBMS were approaching the SDI Shield. A Gateway Software is required for Homeland Defense and Security Systems to communicate the sensor information from hardware and software boxes at airports and government buildings and other locations to the Global Information Grid(GIG). Therefore, a Homeland Defense and Security UIS(HDSUIS) Protocol is achieved by UIS conversion to HDSUIS for Thresholds Stabilization and GIG and terrorist sensor Enhancements, Homeland Defense and Security Lagrangian equation and GIG simulation facility timing chart Alterations, and two Catastrophe Theory Protocol Attachments to the UIS Geometric software structure inner cube. This UIS Protocol conversion to the HDSUIS Protocol will track and provide a Congestion Controlled, i.e.,prevention of deadlock and livelock, communication of (1) Shoe bombers and copycat shoe bombers, (2) deeply buried and imbedded boxes with explosives, (3) damage to lase1 equipment, (4) shoulder missile fired armament, and (5) surface to air missiles from their sensor equipment to the Global Information Grid with Theater Missile Defense Characteristics. The Homeland Defense and Security GNNO(Geometric Neural Network Overlay) Protocol will be derived as a conversion of the UIS GNNO Protocol.
Finite-time stabilization and impulse control of heat equation with dynamic boundary conditions
Creators: name: Chorfi, Salah-Eddine
name: Guermai, Ghita El
name: Maniar, Lahcen
name: Zouhair, Walid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the impulse controllability of a multi-dimensional heat equation with dynamic boundary conditions in a bounded smooth domain. Using a recent approach based on finite-time stabilization, we show that the system is impulse null controllable at any positive time via impulse controls supported in a nonempty open subset of the physical domain. Furthermore, we infer an explicit estimate for the exponential decay of the solution. The proof of the main result combines a logarithmic convexity estimate and some spectral properties associated to dynamic boundary conditions. In our setting, the nature of the equations, which couple intern-boundary phenomena, makes it necessary to go into quite sophisticated estimates incorporating several boundary terms.
description: 38 pages
Thermochemical evaluation of sustainable sorbents for ammonia gas sequestration
Creators: name: Ramlogan, Marlon
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Atmospheric ammonia gas (NH3(g)) forms particulate matter, negatively impacting human and environmental health. Agriculture is the largest source of NH3(g), primarily emitted from nitrogen (N) fertilizers and livestock waste. Sustainable sorbents for managing N-volatilization from agriculture is urgently needed to promote N-conservation. Sorbents reclaimed from agricultural wastes may be viable substrates. Struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O), reclamation in nutrient-rich wastewaters encourages recycling of N and phosphorus (P) from wastes. Thermal analysis (TA) indicated struvite thermally decomposes, undergoing phase transitions at various temperatures, releasing partial to complete water vapor (H2O(g)), and N as NH3(g). Volatilizing ammonium (NH4+(s)) from struvite at low temperatures may enhance struvite’s potential for capture of NH3(g). Comparing struvite-based sorbents, with conventional biochar and MOF sorbents, for NH3(g) sequestration, a simultaneous thermal analysis-pulse thermal analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (STA-PTA-FTIR) technique was used. Sorbents were obtained by heating commercial struvite (HTS) from 55-300 °C, and struvite-bearing solids recovered from swine (S, 95-98% struvite) and dairy (D, 28-33% struvite) effluents to 150 and 300 °C. For HTS sorbents, HTS-150 resulted in highest uptake (23.5 mg NH3(g) g-1 sorbent). For S sorbents, heating to 150 °C (S-150) enhanced sorption capacity (47.2-49.9 mg NH3(g) g-1 sorbent) compared to unheated solids (9.9-11.2 mg NH3(g) g-1 sorbent). Heating D solids caused marginal increases in NH3(g) sorption, and was therefore not as effective, likely due to high calcite content. Biochar (BC) uptake (50.8 mg NH3(g) g-1 sorbent) was similar to S-150; and MOF was significantly higher (289.7 mg NH3(g) g-1 sorbent). After desorption, HTS-150 (38%) and BC (41%) were found to retain similar percentages of NH3(g). Sorption-desorption enthalpies indicated sorption mechanisms were physisorption and chemisorption to solid-state FTIR binding sites. For HTS sorption, speciation of reactive sites was more important than surface area. Sorption-desorption kinetic parameters were calculated from TA curves by model-dependent kinetics. Model-independent kinetics described sorption-desorption as fast, with simultaneous and rate-limiting steps. The STA and kinetic modeling confirm high-struvite content solids from livestock wastes are promising non-traditional sorbents for NH3(g) sequestration. This work demonstrated STA-PTA-FTIR is an ideal technique for evaluation of gas sorption-desorption phenomena, providing fundamental data comparing common and novel, sustainably-sourced sorbents for NH3(g) sequestration.
Constraints on strong phase transitions in neutron stars
Creators: name: Gorda, Tyler
name: Hebeler, Kai
name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Schwenk, Achim
name: Vuorinen, Aleksi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study current bounds on strong first-order phase transitions (PTs) along the equation of state (EOS) of dense strongly interacting matter in neutron stars, under the simplifying assumption that on either side of the PT the EOS can be approximated by a simple polytropic form. We construct a large ensemble of possible EOSs of this form, anchor them to chiral effective field theory calculations at nuclear density and perturbative QCD at high densities, and subject them to astrophysical constraints from high-mass pulsars and gravitational-wave observations. Within this setup, we find that a PT permits neutron-star solutions with larger radii, but only if the transition begins below twice nuclear saturation density. We also identify a large parameter space of allowed PTs currently unexplored by numerical-relativity studies. Additionally, we locate a small region of parameter space allowing twin-star solutions, though we find them to only marginally pass the current astrophysical constraints. Finally, we find that sizeable cores of high-density matter beyond the PT may be located in the centers of some stable neutron stars, primarily those with larger masses.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures; version accepted for publication in ApJ. Substantial change from v1 in treatment of matching to chiral EFT in a continuous manner. Figures and discussions updated. Conclusions qualitatively unchanged
Signals of a new phase in N=2 gauge theory with a magnetic field on the three-sphere
Creators: name: Chunlen, Suphakorn
name: Peeters, Kasper
name: Vanichchapongjaroen, Pichet
name: Zamaklar, Marija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of a magnetic field on N=2 super-Yang-Mills on S^3 at strong coupling using the gauge/gravity correspondence. As in previous work that dealt with the theory in infinite volume, we find that increasing the magnetic field pushes the system into the confined phase. However, we in addition also find that, within the class of configurations with the same symmetry as those which describe the ground state at vanishing magnetic field, a mass gap appears in the spectrum. This suggests the existence of a new phase with so far unexplored symmetry structure. We provide suggestions for the physical properties of this phase.
description: 28 pages
Quasicrystalline Bose glass in the absence of disorder and quasidisorder
Creators: name: Ciardi, Matteo
name: Angelone, Adriano
name: Mezzacapo, Fabio
name: Cinti, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-temperature phases of interacting bosons on a two-dimensional quasicrystalline lattice. By means of numerically exact Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations, we show that for sufficiently weak interactions the system is a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate, which develops density modulations for increasing filling factor. The simultaneous occurrence of sizeable condensate fraction and density modulation can be interpreted as the analogous, in a quasicrystalline lattice, of supersolid phases occurring in conventional periodic lattices. For sufficiently large interaction strength and particle density, global condensation is lost and quantum exchanges are restricted to specific spatial regions. The emerging quantum phase is therefore a Bose Glass, which here is stabilized in the absence of any source of disorder or quasidisorder, purely as a result of the interplay between quantum effects, particle interactions and quasicrystalline substrate. This finding clearly indicates that (quasi)disorder is not essential to observe Bose Glass physics. Our results are of interest for ongoing experiments on (quasi)disorder-free quasicrystalline lattices.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Information-theoretically secure equality-testing protocol with dispute resolution
Creators: name: Kato, Go
name: Fujiwara, Mikio
name: Tsurumaru, Toyohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are often situations where two remote users each have data, and wish to (i) verify the equality of their data, and (ii) whenever a discrepancy is found afterwards, determine which of the two modified his data. The most common example is where they want to authenticate messages they exchange. Another possible example is where they have a huge database and its mirror in remote places, and whenever a discrepancy is found between their data, they can determine which of the two users is to blame. Of course, if one is allowed to use computational assumptions, this function can be realized readily, e.g., by using digital signatures. However, if one needs information-theoretic security, there is no known method that realizes this function efficiently, i.e., with secret key, communication, and trusted third parties all being sufficiently small. In order to realize this function efficiently with information-theoretic security, we here define the ``equality-testing protocol with dispute resolution'' as a new framework. The most significant difference between our protocol and the previous methods with similar functions is that we allow the intervention of a trusted third party when checking the equality of the data. In this new framework, we also present an explicit protocol that is information-theoretically secure and efficient.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Geo-electrical monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation
Creators: name: Heenan, Jeffrey William
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2017

description: The current focus on identifying and remediating contamination calls for further investigation into methods that can be used to efficiently characterize subsurface conditions and monitor degradation processes. The primary focus of this research is the latter. Electrical geophysical methods have been well documented as a tool to map aquifers and contaminant plumes, and the same principles that allow for those surveys to be successful allow for these methods to be beneficial for monitoring the progress of remediation. Chemical and physical changes in the subsurface, known to result from biodegradation processes, could be monitored using these methods in situ.This research provides several examples of these methods being effective in monitoring biodegradation. Spectral induced polarization measurements collected over time in a column experiment demonstrate the sensitivity of the method to processes related to microbial induced oil break up, as a result of microbial enhanced oil recovery processes. In another study taking place over the course of approximately 18 months, a progressive decrease in the resistivity of a massive oil spill (Deepwater Horizon) impacted region was observed. Advanced analysis of resistivity variations within the imaged area showed that long-term decreases in resistivity were largely associated with the impacted sediments. Finally, self potential measurements collected at a mature oil spill site, where bioremediation is known to have occurred, showed a measureable, biogeobattery related, response. In all cases, these methods showed the sensitivity of electrical geophysical methods to biodegradation processes. This demonstrates the potential utility of these methods being used an effect monitoring tool to be used in complement with more invasive and expensive chemical/biological testing.
Geophysical methods for monitoring soil stabilization by microbial induced carbonate precipitation
Creators: name: Saneiyan, Sina
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: Urbanization growth rate is increasing exponentially and with that comes challenging issues in urban development and environment sustainability. Generally, any development processes disturb the environment, and soil stabilization as one of the first steps in infrastructure building is no exception. However, in the past few decades, methods have been sought to reduce the possible harmful impact of soil stabilization processes on the environment. One promising method is microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP); in which, ubiquitous soil microorganisms stabilize the loose soil in natural and minimally harmful ways. Although MICP is continuously being studied in multi-disciplinary research, there are still ambiguities in understanding its subsurface processes. This is commonly due to lack of proper monitoring tools capable of providing coherent micro and macro scale information about MICP in subsurface. Geophysical methods are handy tools capable of providing images of the subsurface with high spatiotemporal resolution; while, being cost efficient, non-disruptive and viable for long-term monitoring applications.This thesis is investigating the efficiency of induced polarization (IP) in monitoring MICP processes and comparing it to direct monitoring methods as well as other geophysical methods. IP is known as a sensitive method to interfacial changes within fluid-grain boundaries in porous media; hence, it is a great measure to study MICP where most changes happen in this boundary (e.g., precipitation of calcite). In this three-phase study, firstly, it is shown that spectral IP (SIP) is capable of tracking changes due to calcite precipitation (the main byproduct of MICP) in the porous media, induced by chemical reactions in a laboratory scale experiment. Compared to resistivity and shear-wave velocity, SIP provided additional information with calcite precipitation pattern. Secondly, in a field scale study, time-domain IP is compared to direct monitoring approaches (e.g., chemical analysis) and showed spatial and temporal extents of MICP in the subsurface; while, direct methods failed to provide such information. And finally, in a more in depth study, it is shown that SIP can reveal frequency dependency of MICP in both laboratory and field scale settings. The additional information provided by IP compared to other methods indicate that IP is the prime candidate for monitoring MICP processes.
WASP-20b and WASP-28b: a hot Saturn and a hot Jupiter in near-aligned orbits around solar-type stars
Creators: name: Anderson, D. R.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Hellier, C.
name: Lendl, M.
name: Lister, T. A.
name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Smith, A. M.
name: Triaud, A. H. M. J.
name: Brown, D. J. A.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Neveu-VanMalle, M.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Pollacco, D.
name: Segransan, D.
name: Udry, S.
name: West, R. G.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of the planets WASP-20b and WASP-28b along with measurements of their sky-projected orbital obliquities. WASP-20b is an inflated, Saturn-mass planet (0.31 $M_{\rm Jup}$; 1.46 $R_{\rm Jup}$) in a 4.9-day, near-aligned ($λ= 8.1 \pm 3.6^\circ$) orbit around CD-24 102 ($V$=10.7; F9). WASP-28b is an inflated, Jupiter-mass planet (0.91 $M_{\rm Jup}$; 1.21 $R_{\rm Jup}$) in a 3.4-day, near-aligned ($λ= 8 \pm 18^\circ$) orbit around a $V$=12, F8 star. As intermediate-mass planets in short orbits around aged, cool stars ($7^{+2}_{-1}$ Gyr for WASP-20 and $5^{+3}_{-2}$ Gyr for WASP-28; both with $T_{\rm eff}$ < 6250 K), their orbital alignment is consistent with the hypothesis that close-in giant planets are scattered into eccentric orbits with random alignments, which are then circularised and aligned with their stars' spins via tidal dissipation.
description: Submitted to A&A. 9 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables. Fixed some typos
title: THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COURSES ON THE MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
title: A SCOPING REVIEW
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hill, Erica
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 5.3
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: The lack of physical activity and exercise participation has been an ongoing
problem for young adults aged 18-24. Universities and colleges worldwide offer a variety of required and elective physical activity courses for college credit to increase active participation in lifelong healthy lifestyles. This scoping review collected studies on college students’ motivation to participate in physical activity. The courses were taught using methods based on motivational theories. The authors of the studies collected information from the students before and after the classes to gather data on the theoretical framework’s effect on the students, if any. This review compiles this information, identifies any gaps in the literature, and makes recommendations for classroom applications or research for future studies.
description: © 2023 Erica Fauste Waizenhofer Hill
Holographic Chern-Simons Theories
Creators: name: Afshar, H.
name: Bagchi, A.
name: Detournay, S.
name: Grumiller, D.
name: Prohazka, S.
name: Riegler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions are topological field theories that may have a holographic interpretation for suitable chosen gauge groups and boundary conditions on the fields. Conformal Chern-Simons gravity is a topological model of 3-dimensional gravity that exhibits Weyl invariance and allows various holographic descriptions, including Anti-de Sitter, Lobachevsky and flat space holography. The same model also allows to address some aspects that arise in higher spin gravity in a considerably simplified setup, since both types of models have gauge symmetries other than diffeomorphisms. In these lectures we summarize briefly recent results.
description: 20 pp, invited lectures prepared for the 7th Aegean Summer School "Beyond Einstein's Theory of Gravity", 2013
Quantifying the Expressive Capacity of Quantum Systems: Fundamental Limits and Eigentasks
Creators: name: Hu, Fangjun
name: Angelatos, Gerasimos
name: Khan, Saeed A.
name: Vives, Marti
name: Türeci, Esin
name: Bello, Leon
name: Rowlands, Graham E.
name: Ribeill, Guilhem J.
name: Türeci, Hakan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expressive capacity of quantum systems for machine learning is limited by quantum sampling noise incurred during measurement. Although it is generally believed that noise limits the resolvable capacity of quantum systems, the precise impact of noise on learning is not yet fully understood. We present a mathematical framework for evaluating the available expressive capacity of general quantum systems from a finite number of measurements, and provide a methodology for extracting the extrema of this capacity, its eigentasks. Eigentasks are a native set of functions that a given quantum system can approximate with minimal error. We show that extracting low-noise eigentasks leads to improved performance for machine learning tasks such as classification, displaying robustness to overfitting. We obtain a tight bound on the expressive capacity, and present analyses suggesting that correlations in the measured quantum system enhance learning capacity by reducing noise in eigentasks. These results are supported by experiments on superconducting quantum processors. Our findings have broad implications for quantum machine learning and sensing applications.
description: 7 + 21 pages, 4 + 12 figures, 1 table
Give me liberty or give me death on a ventilator : how the rhetoric of freedom amplified reactionary populism online during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Gellar, Olivia Sara
name: 0000-0003-2482-0233
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Rhetoric
Freedom
Populism
Conspiracy
COVID-19

description: This thesis investigated tweets posted by COVID-19 conspirators in the United States during the pandemic to reveal how their use of a rhetoric of freedom contributed to a surge of reactionary populism. Analyzing tweets that use the hashtags #MyBodyMyChoice, #HealthFreedom, and #DoNotComply during the Delta variant spread, I identify how the themes of mobilization, pseudoscience, and choice that emerged from these conversations revealed a rhetoric of freedom that prioritized individual choice over collective good. The pandemic highlighted the consequences to viewing freedom as limitless, emphasizing the danger of radical self-interest. To choose to be un-masked, un-vaccinated, and spread misinformation was not just self-serving, but put others at risk. Understanding varying perceptions of freedom can help us understand why sweeping mandates and national restrictions weren’t met with consensus action. The government was responding to a version of freedom that took collective good into account in a sphere that did not have the impulse to prioritize the Other. This separation between the individual and “the people” at large, amplified the populist underpinnings of American public discourse. Reactionary populism capitalizes on the discrepancies between the understandings of liberty to further the divide and ultimately let willful ignorance win. While complete consensus is unrealistic, researching and engaging with these texts could potentially prevent a further widening of the populist divide in whatever public crisis emerges next.
Problem-Dependent Power of Quantum Neural Networks on Multi-Class Classification
Creators: name: Du, Yuxuan
name: Yang, Yibo
name: Tao, Dacheng
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum neural networks (QNNs) have become an important tool for understanding the physical world, but their advantages and limitations are not fully understood. Some QNNs with specific encoding methods can be efficiently simulated by classical surrogates, while others with quantum memory may perform better than classical classifiers. Here we systematically investigate the problem-dependent power of quantum neural classifiers (QCs) on multi-class classification tasks. Through the analysis of expected risk, a measure that weighs the training loss and the generalization error of a classifier jointly, we identify two key findings: first, the training loss dominates the power rather than the generalization ability; second, QCs undergo a U-shaped risk curve, in contrast to the double-descent risk curve of deep neural classifiers. We also reveal the intrinsic connection between optimal QCs and the Helstrom bound and the equiangular tight frame. Using these findings, we propose a method that uses loss dynamics to probe whether a QC may be more effective than a classical classifier on a particular learning task. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to explain the superiority of QCs over multilayer Perceptron on parity datasets and their limitations over convolutional neural networks on image datasets. Our work sheds light on the problem-dependent power of QNNs and offers a practical tool for evaluating their potential merit.
description: Updated version. Published on PRL
Particle production in antiproton induced nuclear reactions
Creators: name: Feng, Zhao-Qing
name: Lenske, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum molecular dynamics model has been improved to investigate the reaction dynamics induced by antiprotons. The reaction channels of elastic scattering, annihilation, charge exchange and inelastic collisions have been included in the model. Dynamics on particle production, in particular pions, kaons, antikaons and hyperons, is investigated in collisions of $\overline{p}$ on $^{12}$C, $^{20}$Ne, $^{40}$Ca, $^{112}$Sn, $^{181}$Ta, $^{197}$Au and $^{238}$U from a low to high incident momentum. The rapidity and momentum distributions of $π^{+}$ and protons from the LEAR measurements can be well reproduced. The impacts of system size and incident momentum on particle emissions are investigated from the inclusive spectra, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions. It is found that the annihilations of $\overline{p}$ on nucleons are of importance on the particle production. Hyperons are mainly produced via meson induced reactions on nucleons and strangeness exchange collisions when the incident momentum is below the threshold value of annihilation reaction. A higher nuclear temperature is obtained from the kaon emission, but it has a lower value for hyperon production.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
AnycostFL: Efficient On-Demand Federated Learning over Heterogeneous Edge Devices
Creators: name: Li, Peichun
name: Cheng, Guoliang
name: Huang, Xumin
name: Kang, Jiawen
name: Yu, Rong
name: Wu, Yuan
name: Pan, Miao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we investigate the challenging problem of on-demand federated learning (FL) over heterogeneous edge devices with diverse resource constraints. We propose a cost-adjustable FL framework, named AnycostFL, that enables diverse edge devices to efficiently perform local updates under a wide range of efficiency constraints. To this end, we design the model shrinking to support local model training with elastic computation cost, and the gradient compression to allow parameter transmission with dynamic communication overhead. An enhanced parameter aggregation is conducted in an element-wise manner to improve the model performance. Focusing on AnycostFL, we further propose an optimization design to minimize the global training loss with personalized latency and energy constraints. By revealing the theoretical insights of the convergence analysis, personalized training strategies are deduced for different devices to match their locally available resources. Experiment results indicate that, when compared to the state-of-the-art efficient FL algorithms, our learning framework can reduce up to 1.9 times of the training latency and energy consumption for realizing a reasonable global testing accuracy. Moreover, the results also demonstrate that, our approach significantly improves the converged global accuracy.
description: Accepted to IEEE INFOCOM 2023
Zero Distribution of Random Bernoulli Polynomial Mappings
Creators: name: Bayraktar, Turgay
name: Çelik, Çiğdem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note, we study asymptotic zero distribution of multivariable full system of random polynomials with independent Bernoulli coefficients. We prove that with overwhelming probability their simultaneous zeros sets are discrete and the associated normalized empirical measure of zeros asymptotic to the Haar measure on the unit torus.
description: Minor revisions. To appear in Electron. J. Probab
Age Determination of Fifteen Old to Intermediate-Age Small Magellanic Cloud Star Clusters
Creators: name: Parisi, M. C.
name: Geisler, D.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Clariá, J. J.
name: Costa, E.
name: Grocholski, A. J.
name: Sarajedini, A.
name: Leiton, R.
name: Piatti, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present CMDs in the V and I bands for fifteen star clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) based on data taken with the Very Large Telescope (VLT, Chile). We selected these clusters from our previous work, wherein we derived cluster radial velocities and metallicities from Calcium II infrared triplet (CaT) spectra also taken with the VLT. We discovered that the ages of six of our clusters have been appreciably underestimated by previous studies, which used comparatively small telescopes, graphically illustrating the need for large apertures to obtain reliable ages of old and intermediate-age SMC star clusters. In particular, three of these clusters, L4, L6 and L110, turn out to be amongst the oldest SMC clusters known, with ages of 7.9 +- 1.1, 8.7 +- 1.2 and 7.6 +- 1.0 Gyr, respectively, helping to fill a possible "SMC cluster age gap" (Glatt et al. 2008). Using the present ages and metallicities from Parisi et al. (2009), we analyze the age distribution, age gradient and age metallicity relation (AMR) of a sample of SMC clusters measured homogeneously. There is a suggestion of bimodality in the age distribution but it does not show a constant slope for the first 4 Gyr (Piatti 2011), and we find no evidence for an age gradient. Due to the improved ages of our cluster sample, we find that our AMR is now better represented in the intermediate/old period than that we derived in Parisi et al. (2009), where we simply took ages available in the literature. Additionally, clusters younger than aprox. 4 Gyr now show better agreement with the bursting model, but we confirm that this model is not a good representation of the AMR during the intermediate-age/old period. A more complicated model is needed to explain the SMC chemical evolution in that period.
description: 76 pages, 32 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ
Investigation of chemical and physical processes on Arctic aerosols through a combined approach of field and laboratory studies
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Pami
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: The causes and effects of recent global warming have been studied extensively; but, the role of atmospheric aerosols in the Arctic biogeochemistry has not been widely explored yet.The water-soluble Arctic aerosols directly impact the climate by participating in cloud formation and influencing its radiative property. Moreover, the amplified Arctic warming may significantly influence the solubility and bio-availability of aerosol iron (Fe)—which is a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth, an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This research investigates the chemical and physical processes on aerosols that were collected during the US Geotraces Arctic cruise in summer 2015 and natural snow samples from Newark, New Jersey in conjunction with laboratory experiments involving Fe minerals and organic ligands. We hypothesize that the Arctic aerosols were modified by various natural and anthropogenic processes, affecting the concentrations and hygroscopic properties of the cloud condensation nuclei and soluble Fe input to the Arctic Ocean. Laboratory studies with hematite and major organic ligands showed that oxalate, when present above a threshold amount, had a significant effect on the absorptive dissolution of Fe. The results from the Arctic Ocean expedition showed that coarse mode sea-salt was the major aerosol component and non-sea-salt-sulfate was significantly present in fine mode aerosol particles. Among the organic species, oxalate, acetate, and formate were the major components among the species examined at the pole. Calcium was enriched on the sea-spray aerosols, pre-dominantly in the fine mode, leading to significant modification of the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor. Analysis of the natural snow and ice-melts showed that freezing could induce compaction and clustering of particles, but had negligible effect on modulating Fe solubility.This study provides significant insight into the water soluble component of Arctic summer aerosols regarding their concentrations, sources, and possible formation mechanisms, and their effects on the Arctic climate via cloud formation. The laboratory based experiments increase our understanding of the effects of various processes occurring in Arctic aerosols—including the accumulation and reactions of organic components in aerosols and the freeze concentration effect on iron chemistry, which could affect the biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean.
Dynamics of methane ebullition from a peat monolith revealed from a dynamic flux chamber system
Creators: name: Yu, Zhongjie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: Methane (CH4) ebullition in northern peatlands is poorly quantified in part due to its high spatiotemporal variability. In this study, we employed a continuous measurement approach to better understand the coupling between CH4 ebullition fluxes and subsurface gas bubble dynamics and to examine potential triggering effects of atmospheric pressure and temperature on ebullitive CH4 releases. A dynamic flux chamber system (DFC), consisting of a flow-through gas chamber and a fast methane analyzer (LI-COR 7700), was used to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from a monolith of near-surface Sphagnum peat over eight weeks. By using a graphical separation method, episodic ebullition fluxes were extracted from total flux recorded, and the timing and CH4 content of individual ebullition events identified. Coincident transmission ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements of gas content and dissolved CH4 concentrations in pore water were also acquired at three depths (upper, middle, and lower) within the monolith. Estimated episodic ebullition fluxes were not sensitive to the uncertainties in steady flux quantification associated with the graphical model and the application of the DFC had minimal disturbance on air-peat CH4 exchange. Episodic and steady ebullition fluxes, constrained by modeled diffusion fluxes using Fick’s law and the bulk CH4 concentrations in peat, were estimated as on average 38% and 36% of the total fluxes over the entire study period, respectively. The observations of gas content variations within the three layers along with the timing of episodic ebullition fluxes support the existence of an ebullition threshold regulating CH4 ebullition. However, a larger threshold (gas content of 0.14 m3•m-3) was found for the middle and lower layers, suggesting that multiple mechanisms related to the depth variation of peat structure were responsible for the complex behavior of episodic CH4 ebullition. Temperature variation (23 ̊C to 27 ̊C) was likely only responsible for small episodic ebullition events from the upper peat layer, while large ebullition events from the deeper layers were most likely driven by drops in atmospheric pressure.
Characterization of atmospheric aerosols over the Southern Ocean and Coastal East Antarctica
Creators: name: Xu, Guojie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: Marine aerosols can directly and indirectly influence climate. To characterize the chemical and physical properties of marine aerosols over the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctica, bulk and size-segregated aerosol samples were collected during a cruise from November 2010 to March 2011. Results showed that sea salt was the major component of the aerosol mass, accounting for 72% over the Southern Ocean and 56% over coastal East Antarctica. Aerosol mass had a bimodal size distribution over coastal East Antarctica, peaking at 0.32-0.56 µm and 3.2-5.6 µm, respectively. nss-SO42-, MSA and oxalate were mainly enriched in the fine mode, contributing to chloride depletion. Na, Mg and K were accumulated in the coarse mode, and Al, Fe and Mn displayed a bimodal size distribution. Based on particle-size distributions, enrichment factors and correlation analysis, Na, Mg and K mainly came from the marine source, while Al, Fe and Mn were contributed by the crustal source. High enrichment factors were associated with Ni, Cd and Se, indicating mixed sources from the Antarctic continent, long-range transport, marine biogenic emissions and anthropogenic emissions. As a comparison, aerosols collected over Asian marginal seas, South Indian Ocean and Australian coast during the same cruise showed that sea salt and nss-SO42- were the main components in aerosols. MSA concentrations and MSA/nss-SO42- ratios increased southward. Sea salt and NO3- were accumulated in the coarse mode, while nss-SO42- and NH4+ mainly peaked in the fine mode. Oxalate displayed a bimodal size distribution in both fine and coarse modes. A good relationship was found between total dissolved iron and nss-SO42-, indicating that acid processing during long-range transport could affect fractional iron solubility in aerosols. Results from this study fill in the data gap and serve for better understanding aerosols over the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctic regions. Aerosol chemical composition and size distributions obtained from this study in these regions can be used to improve atmospheric model simulations, better interpret ocean biogeochemical cycles and evaluate aerosols’ climate effects.
Dark Matter Halos in Galaxies and Globular Cluster Populations
Creators: name: Hudson, Michael J.
name: Harris, Gretchen L.
name: Harris, William E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine a new, comprehensive database for globular cluster populations in all types of galaxies with a new calibration of galaxy halo masses based entirely on weak lensing. Correlating these two sets of data, we find that the mass ratio $η\equiv M_{GCS}/M_{h}$ (total mass in globular clusters, divided by halo mass) is essentially constant at $\langle η\rangle \sim 4 \times 10^{-5}$, strongly confirming earlier suggestions in the literature. Globular clusters are the only known stellar population that formed in essentially direct proportion to host galaxy halo mass. The intrinsic scatter in $η$ appears to be at most 0.2 dex; we argue that some of this scatter is due to differing degrees of tidal stripping of the globular cluster systems between central and satellite galaxies. We suggest that this correlation can be understood if most globular clusters form at very early stages in galaxy evolution, largely avoiding the feedback processes that inhibited the bulk of field-star formation in their host galaxies. The actual mean value of $η$ also suggests that about $1/4$ of the \emph{initial} gas mass present in protogalaxies collected into GMCs large enough to form massive, dense star clusters. Finally, our calibration of $\langle η\rangle$ indicates that the halo masses of the Milky Way and M31 are $(1.2\pm0.5)\times 10^{12} M_{\odot}$ and $(3.9\pm1.8)\times 10^{12} M_{\odot}$ respectively.
description: 6 pages, ApJL in press
Accelerating Machine Learning Inference with GPUs in ProtoDUNE Data Processing
Creators: name: Cai, Tejin
name: Herner, Kenneth
name: Yang, Tingjun
name: Wang, Michael
name: Flechas, Maria Acosta
name: Harris, Philip
name: Holzman, Burt
name: Pedro, Kevin
name: Tran, Nhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the performance of a cloud-based GPU-accelerated inference server to speed up event reconstruction in neutrino data batch jobs. Using detector data from the ProtoDUNE experiment and employing the standard DUNE grid job submission tools, we attempt to reprocess the data by running several thousand concurrent grid jobs, a rate we expect to be typical of current and future neutrino physics experiments. We process most of the dataset with the GPU version of our processing algorithm and the remainder with the CPU version for timing comparisons. We find that a 100-GPU cloud-based server is able to easily meet the processing demand, and that using the GPU version of the event processing algorithm is two times faster than processing these data with the CPU version when comparing to the newest CPUs in our sample. The amount of data transferred to the inference server during the GPU runs can overwhelm even the highest-bandwidth network switches, however, unless care is taken to observe network facility limits or otherwise distribute the jobs to multiple sites. We discuss the lessons learned from this processing campaign and several avenues for future improvements.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, matches accepted version
An adaptive block based integrated LDP,GLCM,and Morphological features for Face Recognition
Creators: name: Kar, Arindam
name: Bhattacharjee, Debotosh
name: Basu, Dipak Kumar
name: Nasipuri, Mita
name: Kundu, Mahantapas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a technique for automatic face recognition using integrated multiple feature sets extracted from the significant blocks of a gradient image. We discuss about the use of novel morphological, local directional pattern (LDP) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix GLCM based feature extraction technique to recognize human faces. Firstly, the new morphological features i.e., features based on number of runs of pixels in four directions (N,NE,E,NW) are extracted, together with the GLCM based statistical features and LDP features that are less sensitive to the noise and non-monotonic illumination changes, are extracted from the significant blocks of the gradient image. Then these features are concatenated together. We integrate the above mentioned methods to take full advantage of the three approaches. Extraction of the significant blocks from the absolute gradient image and hence from the original image to extract pertinent information with the idea of dimension reduction forms the basis of the work. The efficiency of our method is demonstrated by the experiment on 1100 images from the FRAV2D face database, 2200 images from the FERET database, where the images vary in pose, expression, illumination and scale and 400 images from the ORL face database, where the images slightly vary in pose. Our method has shown 90.3%, 93% and 98.75% recognition accuracy for the FRAV2D, FERET and the ORL database respectively.
description: 7 pages, Science Academy Publisher, United Kingdom