cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ichthyological survey of the Colorado River of Texas
Creators: name: Tilton, John Elvin, 1929-
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Fishes
subject: Fish surveys
subject: Texas
subject: Colorado River
subject: Ichthyofauna
subject: Ichthyological survey
subject: Fishes--Texas--Colorado River
subject: Fish surveys--Texas--Colorado River

description: This study was initiated in an effort to investigate thoroughly the ichthyofauna of the lower Colorado River. General conclusions in this paper are based on (A) 132 personal collections, (B) individuals preserved in the Texas Natural History Collection, The University of Texas, (C) the extensive collections of Dr. Clark Hubbs and his students at The University of Texas, and (D) a check of anglers' creels on the river. In addition, a search was made of the published literature and unpublished reports on early collections; however, little information concerning the fauna of the Colorado River was found. Few collection records from the river southeast of Travis County are available, even from recent years, and the extensive and varied fauna of the lower river has been largely overlooked. My collecting methods included the following: (1) fourteen gill net sets utilizing 125 foot experimental nets with mesh size grading from one inch to three inches in one-half inch increments; (2) sixteen one inch mesh hoop net sets baited with cottonseed cake; (3) eighteen trotline sets; (4) thirty-six funnel mouth minnow traps baited with cottonseed cake; and (5) ninety-eight seine collections utilizing 10, 15 and 20 foot common sense seines as well as tied 30 x 6 foot straight and 36 x 6 foot bag seines. In addition to the fish collections, aquatic vegetation samples were collected when present, and water temperature, color, turbidity and bottom type were recorded with collection data
$0^{+}$ fully-charmed tetraquark states
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the LHCb's new observation of structures in the $J/ψ$-pair invariant mass spectrum, for which could be classified as possible $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$ tetraquark candidates, we systematically study $0^{+}$ fully-charmed tetraquark states through QCD sum rules. Making the development of calculation techniques to fourfold heavy hadronic systems, four different configuration currents with $0^{+}$ are considered and vacuum condensates up to dimension $6$ are included in the operator product expansion (OPE). Finally, mass values acquired for $0^{+}$ $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$ tetraquark states agree well with the experimental data of the broad structure, which supports that it could be a $0^{+}$ fully-charmed tetraquark state.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Preoperative evaluation of six-minute walk test in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
Creators: name: Nagaya, Motoki
name: Ito, Satoru
name: Fukui, Takayuki
name: Inoue, Takayuki
name: Kawaguchi, Koji
name: Nakamura, Shota
name: Nishida, Yoshihiro
name: Hasegawa, Yoshinori
name: Yokoi, Kohei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Surgical treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize preoperative physical fitness and relate it to pulmonary functions, oxygenation, and postoperative outcomes in patients with MPM who underwent surgical resection with perioperative rehabilitation. Methods: A total of 18 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative exercise capacity was evaluated by the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Oxygen saturation of a peripheral artery (SpO2) was measured during the 6MWT. Results: The 6-min walk distance was significantly correlated with inspiratory capacity and % of predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. The minimum SpO2 during the 6MWT correlated with % of predicted vital capacity and total lung capacity and postoperative days of extubation. There were a total of 14 major complications in six patients. The incidence of major complications was associated with longer stays in intensive care unit and hospital but not with preoperative physical status or pulmonary functions. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the 6MWT is useful to assess preoperative physical status in patients with resectable MPM.
Additional file 1 of CASTOR1 phosphorylation predicts poor survival in male patients with KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Loo, Suet Kee
name: Sica, Gabriel
name: Wang, Xian
name: Li, Tingting
name: Chen, Luping
name: Gaither-Davis, Autumn
name: Huang, Yufei
name: Burns, Timothy F.
name: Stabile, Laura P.
name: Gao, Shou-Jiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Market power and subsidies in the Indonesian palm oil industry
Creators: name: Chalil, Diana
name: Chalil, Diana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: market power
subject: subsidy
subject: Indonesian palm oil industry

description: Cooking oil is known as an essential commodity in Indonesia. Having such an important role, the Indonesian government often interfered the cooking oil market to assure its price remain low. To do so, the government uses a subsidy policy as one of its instruments. A dynamic duopoly model is applied to evaluate the impact of subsidies given the structure of the industry. Estimation results suggest an evidence of both an increase in the consumer surplus but a decrease in aggregate welfare due to market power. A possible reason is proposed, but, in order to obtain a clear explanation, further research is required.
Raman Spectroscopy of Mott insulator states in optical lattices
Creators: name: Blakie, P. Blair
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyse a Raman spectroscopy technique for probing the properties of quantum degenerate bosons in the ground band of an optical lattice. Our formalism describes excitations to higher vibrational bands and is valid for deep lattices where a tight-binding approach can be applied to the describe the initial state of the system. In sufficiently deep lattices, localized states in higher vibrational bands play an important role in the system response, and shifts in resonant frequency of excitation are sensitive to the number of particles per site. We present numerical results of this formalism applied to the case of a uniform lattice deep in the Mott insulator regime.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
The welfare of small livestock producers in Vietnam under trade liberalisation-- Integration of trade and household models
Creators: name: Linh, Pham Thi Ngoc
name: Burton, Michael P.
name: Vanzetti, David
name: Linh, Pham Thi Ngoc
name: Burton, Michael P.
name: Vanzetti, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Vietnam has negotiated a series of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements and has made significant steps in integrating into the world economy. This integration is likely to have both positive and negative effects on different stakeholders in the economy. This paper seeks to measure the effects on the welfare of Vietnam’s small livestock producers' by linking a household model and the GTAP trade model. A GTAP utility SplitCom is used to separate out pig and poultry prior to several trade liberalisation scenarios being run. A recursive household model with a two-stage LES-AIDS model on consumption side and Cobb-Douglas functions on production side are used. Impacts of likely changes in the prices of inputs and outputs arising from different trade scenarios on behavior and welfare of the farm household are presented.
Dynamic Contingent Valuation and Choice Modelling for Ecosystem Services
Creators: name: Hertzler, Greg
name: Hertzler, Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Non market valuation
subject: ecosystem services
subject: Lancaster demand
subject: welfare analysis
subject: analytical solutions

description: Non market valuation and bio economic modelling are combined in a dynamic model of ecosystem services. A mathematical proof demonstrates that the imputed price of natural capital contains all non market values and that scarcity rent is the total value of ecosystem services. A dynamic demand system, including characteristics is derived. New methods are developed for dynamic welfare analysis and both revealed and stated preference methods are proposed for estimating the price of natural capital. Estimation is simple if we avoid surveying consumers who degrade the ecosystem and instead consult owners who accrue the scarcity rent and conserve for the future.
Outer edges of debris discs: how sharp is sharp?
Creators: name: Thebault, Philippe
name: Wu, Yanqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ring-like features have been observed in several debris discs. Outside the main ring, while some systems exhibit smooth surface brightness profiles (SB) that fall off roughly as r**-3.5, others display large luminosity drops at the ring's outer edge and steeper radial SB profiles. We seek to understand this diversity of outer edge profiles under the ``natural'' collisional evolution of the system, without invoking external agents such as planets or gas. We use a statistical code to follow the evolution of a collisional population, ranging from dust grains (submitted to radiation pressure) to planetesimals and initially confined within a belt (the 'birth ring'). The system typically evolves toward a "standard" steady state, with no sharp edge and SB \propto r**-3.5 outside the birth ring. Deviations from this standard profile, in the form of a sharp outer edge and a steeper fall-off, occur only when two parameters take their extreme values: 1) When the birth ring is so massive that it becomes radially optically thick for the smallest grains. However, the required disc mass is here probably too high to be realistic. 2) When the dynamical excitation of the dust-producing planetesimals is so low ( <0.01) that the smallest grains, which otherwise dominate the total optical depth, are preferentially depleted. This low-excitation case, although possibly not generic, cannot be ruled out by observations. Our "standard" profile provides a satisfactory explanation for a large group of debris discs with outer edges and SB falling as r**-3.5. Systems with sharper outer edges, barring other confining agents, could still be explained by ``natural'' collisional evolution if their dynamical excitation is very low. We show that such a dynamically-cold case provides a satisfactory fit for HR4796A
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (abstract truncated here, full version in the pdf file); v2: typos corrected + rephrasing title of Section 5.1.2; v3 :final technical changes
Grammatical elicitation: Nominal classifiers in generic contexts and under negation
Creators: name: Calmo Jerónimo, Brenda
name: Lemon, Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: mvj

description: Classifiers for generic readings of nouns, under negation, and for non-unique definites. The first two contexts were tested to evaluate the idea that the use of noun classifiers in Mam is related to an existence presupposition.
Towards a Measurement of Free Riding within Private Collective Action Organizations
Creators: name: Olson, Frayne E.
name: Cook, Michael L.
name: Olson, Frayne E.
name: Cook, Michael L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The objective of this study is to determine if there is a dominant free riding activity which can be identified and used as the basis for measuring free riding, or if multiple free riding actions and/or behaviors coexist within large collective action organizations. The study uses a confirmatory factor analysis model to evaluate member level survey data from a large agricultural marketing cooperative.
Dwarf galaxies in the MATLAS survey: Hubble Space Telescope observations of the globular cluster system in the ultra-diffuse galaxy MATLAS-2019
Creators: name: Müller, Oliver
name: Durrell, Patrick R.
name: Marleau, Francine R.
name: Duc, Pierre-Alain
name: Lim, Sungsoon
name: Posti, Lorenzo
name: Agnello, Adriano
name: Sánchez-Janssen, Rúben
name: Poulain, Mélina
name: Habas, Rebecca
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Paudel, Sanjaya
name: van der Burg, Remco F. J.
name: Fensch, Jérémy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are very low-surface brightness galaxies with large effective radii. Spectroscopic measurements of a few UDGs have revealed a low dark matter content, based on the internal motion of stars or globular clusters (GCs). This is in contrast to the large number of GCs found for these systems, from which it would be expected to correspond to a large dark matter halo mass. Here we present HST+ACS observations for the UDG MATLAS-2019 in the NGC5846 group. Using the F606W and F814W filters, we trace the GC population two magnitudes below the peak of the GC luminosity function (GCLF). Employing Bayesian considerations, we identify 26+-6 GCs associated with the dwarf, yielding a large specific frequency of S_N=58+-14. We use the turnover of the GCLF to derive a distance of 21+-2 Mpc, which is consistent with the NGC5846 group of galaxies. Due to the superior image quality of the HST, we are able to resolve the GCs and measure their sizes, which are consistent with the sizes of GCs around Local Group galaxies. Using the linear relation between the total mass of galaxies and of GCs, we derive a halo mass of 0.9(+-0.2) *10^11 M_solar (M_solar/L_solar>1000). The high abundance of GCs, together with the small uncertainties, make MATLAS-2019 one of the most extreme UDGs, which likely sets an upper limit of the number of GCs for UDGs.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in APJ
A solution to Dilworth's Congruence Lattice Problem
Creators: name: Wehrung, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06B15, 06B10, 06A12. Secondary 08A30, 08B10, 16E50, 19A49

description: We construct a distributive algebraic lattice D that is not isomorphic to the congruence lattice of any lattice. This solves a long-standing open problem, traditionally attributed to R. P. Dilworth, from the forties. The lattice D has compact top element and aleph omega+1 compact elements. Our results extend to all algebras possessing a polynomially definable structure of a join-semilattice with a largest element.
description: Version 1 presents a longer and slightly more general proof, based on so-called "uniform refinement properties". Version 2 presents a shorter proof. Versions 3 an 4 add a few minor improvements. Version 5 fixes a minor oversight in the proof of Theorem 7.1
A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Creators: name: Kutschukian, Jean-Marc
name: Kutschukian, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Economists, especially agricultural economists, have undertaken extensive analysis of the gains of technological-based scientific research. This is in stark contrast to the efforts undertaken to understand the economic effects of environmental scientific research. Economic evaluation of environmental science is important because knowledge-based government agencies are regularly required to justify their research expenditure and set clear priorities for their research programmes. This paper addresses the gap in the literature by offering a general framework for evaluating environmental scientific research. The paper is structured around two themes central to appraisals of environmental research: (a) the non-market nature of environmental outcomes; and (b) the pathways to achieve these outcomes. Some of the more important and unique issues addressed include the links between the natural systems being researched, the benefits in terms of resulting goods and services, and their subsequent values, as well as the factors influencing the overall contribution research makes to environmental decision-making.
A Machine Learning Framework for Computing the Most Probable Paths of Stochastic Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Duan, Jinqiao
name: Liu, Xianbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The emergence of transition phenomena between metastable states induced by noise plays a fundamental role in a broad range of nonlinear systems. The computation of the most probable paths is a key issue to understand the mechanism of transition behaviors. Shooting method is a common technique for this purpose to solve the Euler-Lagrange equation for the associated action functional, while losing its efficacy in high-dimensional systems. In the present work, we develop a machine learning framework to compute the most probable paths in the sense of Onsager-Machlup action functional theory. Specifically, we reformulate the boundary value problem of Hamiltonian system and design a neural network to remedy the shortcomings of shooting method. The successful applications of our algorithms to several prototypical examples demonstrate its efficacy and accuracy for stochastic systems with both (Gaussian) Brownian noise and (non-Gaussian) Lévy noise. This novel approach is effective in exploring the internal mechanisms of rare events triggered by random fluctuations in various scientific fields.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
What's Powering Wind? Measuring the Environmental Benefits of Wind Generated Electricity
Creators: name: Cullen, Joseph
name: Cullen, Joseph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Production subsidies for renewable energy have experienced intermittent support from the federal government. One reason for less than united support arises from uncertainty over the environmental impact of projects implemented because of such subsidies. Wind energy in particular has taken advantage of federal subsidies, but what has been the environmental impact? Taking investment in wind capacity as given, I am able to identify the short run substitution patterns between wind power and conventional power for one geographic area of the US electric grid. I exploit the exogenous nature of wind to identify generator level substitution of wind generated electricity for conventionally generated electricity. I then quantify the avoided emissions and associated costs using generator level emissions information and market clearing prices for pollution permits. The end result is the value of avoided emissions due to government subsidies.
Water quality trading programs: A comparison between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Creators: name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Selman, Mindy
name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Selman, Mindy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: water quality
subject: trading
subject: nutrients
subject: market-based
subject: non-point source
subject: point source

description: Water quality trading is continually being explored and implemented to improve water quality in many parts of the world. They are being used to cost-effectively reduce point and/or non-point source obligations to meet water quality goals such as nutrient discharge limits. A comparison between evolving trading programs in New Zealand and some in North America illustrate a number of differences as well as similarities in terms of the successes and hurdles. These can be used to better design more effective programs.
Analysing options for the Red Gum Forests along the Murray River
Creators: name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Dumsday, Robert G.
name: Gillespie, Robert
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Dumsday, Robert G.
name: Gillespie, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Choice Modelling
subject: Environment
subject: River Red Gums
subject: Benefit Cost Analysis
subject: Water Resources

description: The Victorian Environmental Assessment Council is conducting an investigation into the management of the public land River Red Gum Forests of the Murray River Valley in Victoria. In this paper the authors apply the results of an earlier Choice Modelling exercise commissioned by VEAC to estimate the non-use values of the forests. A Benefit Cost Analysis of VEAC's draft recommendations included assessment of the market and non market values associated with different River Red Gum forest management strategies. It is concluded that the use of water for environmental flows is competitive with its use for irrigation. Other economic values associated with timber harvesting, grazing and duck hunting are small in comparison with the water values.
HIV-1 genotyping tropism profile in an HIV-positive population throughout the Russian Federation
Creators: name: Lopatukhin, Alexey
name: Kireev, Dmitry
name: Kuevda, Dmitry
name: Pokrovskaya, Anastasia
name: Tsyganova, Galina
name: Korovina, Galina
name: Pinsker, Alexander
name: Dementeva, Natalia
name: Sizova, Natalia
name: Peksheva, Olga
name: Zaytseva, Natalia
name: Nosov, Nikolai
name: Urazov, Nail
name: Gerasimov, Valery
name: Ermolinskaya, Natalia
name: Gerasimova, Natalia
name: Sandyreva, Tatyana
name: Volova, Ludmila
name: Grezina, Lilia
name: Kolomeets, Anna
name: Sergeeva, Irina
name: Neshumaev, Dmitry
name: Boyko, Anatoly
name: Kotova, Valeria
name: Balakhontseva, Ludmila
name: Kolpakov, Dmitry
name: Shemshura, Andrey
name: Saukhat, Sergey
name: Bukin, Evgeniy
name: Polyakov, Andrey
name: Kaiser, Rolf
name: Shipulin, German
name: Pokrovsky, Vadim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Most HIV-1 tropism studies have involved non-A subtypes. Our aim was to study the prevalence of R5- and non-R5-tropic HIV-1 variants and the tropism occurrence relative to the CD4 counts, treatment experiences, transmission routes and other features of infection in Russia, where subtype A is presumably predominant. In this multicenter, single-step, cross-sectional, epidemiologic study, 943 HIV-1-infected patients were enrolled at 12 AIDS centers throughout Russia. Viral tropism was determined using a genotype method-based kit. The V3 loop sequences were analyzed using the geno2pheno resource. The tropism was successfully predicted for 823 (87.3%) patients. Frequencies of R5-tropic and non-R5-tropic viruses in successfully analyzed samples were 70.2% (578) and 29.8% (245), respectively. Co-receptor usage correlated significantly only with the treatment experiences (p = 0.018) and CD4 counts (p = 0.004). But there was no dependence of R5/non-R5 co-receptor usage frequencies on presence/absence of a therapy change (p = 0.664) or HIV infection duration (p = 0.458). According to the env sequences, 457 (83.6%) of the samples in study were subtype A and 70 (12.8%) were subtype B. This indicates a stabilizing of immune system and thus little emergence of X4 viruses. We suggest that CCR5-antagonists could be used in both naïve and experienced patients in Russia after determination of HIV tropism.
Final Exam Scores in Introductory Economics Courses: Effect of Course Delivery Method and Proctoring
Creators: name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: cheating
subject: economics
subject: online delivery
subject: proctored exams

description: There is a small but growing body of research exploring student learning in online courses. The current study compares student performance on the final exam in introductory economics courses taught online and in the classroom and considers the effect of proctoring the final exam. Students who took a course in the classroom did better on a proctored final exam than those taking the course online.
Geographical Indications and the Competitive Provision of Quality in Agricultural Markets
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Menapace, Luisa
name: Pick, Daniel H.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Menapace, Luisa
name: Pick, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: competitive industry
subject: free entry/exit
subject: geographical indications
subject: Marshallian stability
subject: quality certification
subject: trademarks
subject: welfare

description: The economics of geographical indications (GIs) is assessed within a vertical product differentiation framework that is consistent with the competitive structure of the agricultural sector with free entry/exit. It is assumed that certification costs are needed for GIs to serve as (collective) credible quality certification devices, and production of high-quality product is endogenously determined. We find that GIs can support a competitive provision of quality that partly overcomes the market failure and leads to clear welfare gains, although they fall short of delivering the (constrained) first-best level of the high-quality good. The main beneficiaries of the welfare gains are consumers. Producers may also accrue some benefit if the production of high-quality products draws on scarce factors that they own.
Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Theory
Creators: name: Burrows, Adam
name: Vartanyan, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most supernova explosions accompany the death of a massive star. These explosions give birth to neutron stars and black holes and eject solar masses of heavy elements. However, determining the mechanism of explosion has been a half-century journey of great complexity. In this paper, we present our perspective of the status of this theoretical quest and the physics and astrophysics upon which its resolution seems to depend. The delayed neutrino-heating mechanism is emerging as a robust solution, but there remain many issues to address, not the least of which involves the chaos of the dynamics, before victory can unambiguously be declared. It is impossible to review in detail all aspects of this multi-faceted, more-than-half-century-long theoretical quest. Rather, we here map out the major ingredients of explosion and the emerging systematics of the observables with progenitor mass, as we currently see them. Our discussion will of necessity be speculative in parts, and many of the ideas may not survive future scrutiny. Some statements may be viewed as informed predictions concerning the numerous observables that rightly exercise astronomers witnessing and diagnosing the supernova Universe. Importantly, the same explosion in the inside, by the same mechanism, can look very different in photons, depending upon the mass and radius of the star upon explosion. A 10$^{51}$-erg (one "Bethe") explosion of a red supergiant with a massive hydrogen-rich envelope, a diminished hydrogen envelope, no hydrogen envelope, and, perhaps, no hydrogen envelope or helium shell all look very different, yet might have the same core and explosion evolution.
description: Review article published in Nature
Understanding the burden of injuries in Nepal: A systematic review of published studies
Creators: name: J.A. Mytton
name: S. Bhatta
name: M. Thorne
name: P.R. Pant
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: The population of Nepal are vulnerable to injuries from natural disasters as well as those occurring in the home, at work and on the roads. Aim: To collate and synthesise the published literature reporting injuries to people of any age resident in Nepal. Method: We searched five electronic databases using an inclusive search strategy. Potentially eligible citations were screened by title and abstract and full texts of studies obtained. Data were extracted by two researchers. Synthesis was reported narratively by injury type and study design. Results: We identified 186 publications reporting 176 unique studies. Most studies used designs likely to underestimate the true burden of disease, including 144 case series and 36 cross-sectional studies. No trials were identified. The largest number of publications were related to poisoning and self-harm with only 22 focussing on road traffic injuries. There was minimal exploration of inequalities in injury occurrence other than descriptive reporting by age and gender. Conclusions: There is limited research using study designs at low risk of bias on injuries occurring to residents of Nepal, even on areas of concern such as road traffic injuries. The findings indicate a lack of robust epidemiological evidence to inform strategic approaches to injury prevention and suggest a need for capacity strengthening for injury prevention research.
Refining pulsar radio emission due to streaming instabilities: Linear theory and PIC simulations in a wide parameter range
Creators: name: Manthei, Alina C.
name: Benáček, Jan
name: Muñoz, Patricio A.
name: Büchner, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several important mechanisms that explain the coherent pulsar radio emission rely on streaming (or beam) instabilities of the relativistic pair plasma in a pulsar magnetosphere. However, it is still not clear whether a streaming instability by itself is sufficient to explain the observed coherent radio emission. Due to the relativistic conditions that are present in the pulsar magnetosphere, kinetic instabilities could be quenched. Moreover, uncertainties regarding specific model-dependent parameters impede conclusions concerning this question. We aim to constrain the possible parameter range for which a streaming instability could lead to pulsar radio emission, focusing on the transition between strong and weak beam models, beam drift speed, and temperature dependence of the beam and background plasma components. We solve a linear relativistic kinetic dispersion relation appropriate for pulsar conditions in a more general way than in previous studies, considering a wider parameter range. The analytical results are validated by comparison with relativistic kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulations. We obtain growth rates as a function of background and beam densities, temperatures, and streaming velocities while finding a remarkable agreement of the linear dispersion predictions and numerical simulation results in a wide parameter range. Monotonous growth is found when increasing the beam-to-background density ratio. With growing beam velocity, the growth rates firstly increase, reach a maximum and decrease again for higher beam velocities. A monotonous dependence on the plasma temperatures is found, manifesting in an asymptotic behaviour when reaching colder temperatures. We show that the generated waves are phase-coherent by calculating the fractional bandwidth. We provide an explicit parameter range of plasma conditions for efficient pulsar radio emission.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. An abridged version of the abstract is shown here. Accepted in A&A
Additional file 5 of Building a machine learning-assisted echocardiography prediction tool for children at risk for cancer therapy-related cardiomyopathy
Creators: name: Edwards, Lindsay A.
name: Yang, Christina
name: Sharma, Surbhi
name: Chen, Zih-Hua
name: Gorantla, Lahari
name: Joshi, Sanika A.
name: Longhi, Nicolas J.
name: Worku, Nahom
name: Yang, Jamie S.
name: Martinez Di Pietro, Brandy
name: Armenian, Saro
name: Bhat, Aarti
name: Border, William
name: Buddhe, Sujatha
name: Blythe, Nancy
name: Stratton, Kayla
name: Leger, Kasey J.
name: Leisenring, Wendy M.
name: Meacham, Lillian R.
name: Nathan, Paul C.
name: Narasimhan, Shanti
name: Sachdeva, Ritu
name: Sadak, Karim
name: Chow, Eric J.
name: Boyle, Patrick M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 5
Singlet fermions on curved extra dimension tori
Creators: name: Vilja, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model with two curved compact extra dimensions is introduced. The model is based on a four-brane immersed in a six dimensional space, where the extra dimensions are compact but not flat. They have topology of torus. The form of the metric in the empty bulk is studied and the gauge singlet fermion structure showed to be very simple. It contain only one massless low energy mode which couples to brane matter, while the massive modes are not related to the volume of torus while the Planck mass is related to the volume of extra dimensions. In the model "our" brane is situated on a nearly singular line of the torus.
description: 11 pages. Some references added
The Impacts of Atlantic Bonito Rush and the Avian Influenza on Meat Products in Turkey
Creators: name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Ozertan, Gokhan
name: Spaulding, Aslihan D.
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Ozertan, Gokhan
name: Spaulding, Aslihan D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The Atlantic bonito rush experienced in Turkey in the Fall of 2005 coincides with the avian influenza food scare that happened exactly at the same time-period in the country. In this research using time-series techniques, we investigate how the food scare and the excess fish caught jointly influence the demand for meat products in Turkey.
Entanglement and decoherence of massive particles due to gravity
Creators: name: Miki, Daisuke
name: Matsumura, Akira
name: Yamamoto, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dynamics of a gravity-induced entanglement for N massive particles. Considering the linear configuration of these particles, we investigate the entanglement between a specific pair of particles under the influence of the gravitational interaction between the massive particles. As the particle number increases, the specific particle pair decoheres more easily due to the gravitational interaction with other particles. The time scale of the gravity-induced decoherence is analytically determined. We also discuss the entanglement dynamics of initially entangled particles, which exemplify the monogamy of the gravity-induced entanglement.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
Grammatical elicitation: Focus, verb agreement, and antipassive
Creators: name: Calmo Jerónimo, Brenda
name: Lemon, Tyler
name: Michael, Lev
name: Dos Santos, Wesley
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: mvj

description: Sentences with focused and unfocused 1SG subjects, to see how focus changes verb agreement; and antipassive marking
Protein purification and genetic characterization of a streptomycete protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase
Creators: name: Iwagami, Sakura Grace
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A previously uncharacterized Streptomyces sp. isolate 2065 was found to degrade vanillic acid and jc-hydroxybenzoic acid, utilizing these compounds as a sole carbon source. Induction of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-PCD [EC 1.13.11.3]), a ring-cleavage dioxygenase, when the strain was grown in the presence of vanillic acid or /j>-hydroxybenzoic acid was observed, indicating that this streptomycete isolate catabolizes both these lignin model compounds through the protocatechuic acid branch of the β-ketoadipate pathway. The 3,4-PCD was purified from cells grown in the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Two proteins, the α- and β -heterologous subunits of 3,4-PCD, were observed in approximately equimolar amounts on denaturing SDSPAGE. The α and β-subunits were found to correlate to ring fission activity. N-terminal protein sequence information was obtained, from which DNA oligonucleotides were designed and used in amplification of an 800-bp PCR product from isolate 2065 genomic DNA . The protein sequence of this 800-bp DNA fragment was found to be similar to the amino acid sequence for PcaH, the β subunit for 3,4-PCD. A bacteriophage X genomic library of 2065 was constructed and screened using the PCR product as a streptomycete pcaH gene probe; a 4.5-kb DNA fragment containing the structural genes for the α- and β- subunits of a protocatechuate 3,4- dioxygenase was cloned and the pcaG and pcaH genes were sequenced. The pcaG and pcaH genes encode 201 and 257 amino acid polypeptides with predicted sizes of 21,763 Da and 29,262 Da, respectively. The pcaGH genes and their predicted protein sequences were found to be similar to those from Burkholderia cepacia, Rhodococcus opacus, Pseudomonas putida, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.
Volume Magazine: Art & Science of Real Estate
Creators: name: Keenan, Jesse
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Real Estate
Global Change
Housing
Art
Science

description: In today's rapidly changing World, the role of real estate has been affected deeply. To such a degree that the Center for Urban Real Estate sees an opportunity to transform the profession from within, stressing its creative potential and introducing an ethical code. CURE's ambition is to create a continuum between architecture and real estate, as part of the design disciplines. It may be a good moment to dive into the archives and look at some architects' attempts to provide for an open society. How much help do people need?

 Cite as: Keenan, J.M. (ed.)(2014). Art & Science of Real Estate. Volume Magazine.
description: Cite as: Keenan, J.M. (ed.)(2014). Art & Science of Real Estate. Volume Magazine.
Assessing the Impact of the Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program (B/C CRSP) Graduate Degree Training
Creators: name: Jamora, Nelissa
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Jamora, Nelissa
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: impact assessment
subject: B/C CRSP
subject: training
subject: graduate degree
subject: beans
subject: cowpeas

description: The study evaluated the impacts of the graduate degree training (GDT) component of the B/C CRSP. In their enhanced capacity, trainees have been playing important roles in strengthening teaching and research capacity in bean and cowpea sectors, both in the U.S. and in host countries. The study recommends the continued commitment and increased financial support to GDT.
Injuries in Swedish floorball players: A nationwide matched cohort study
Creators: name: Tervo, Taru
name: Nyström, Helena
name: Nordström, Anna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The aim of this study was to investigate injury incidence and patterns in female and male floorball players of different ages compared with matched controls. This study involved all floorball players in Sweden and licensed during 2010–2012, and matched controls selected from Sweden’s Total Population Register. Injury diagnoses were acquired from national health care registers. The cohort comprised 148,372 players and 614,678 controls, with the median age 13 (range, 6‒69) years. In most age groups, players were at increased risk of traumatic injury, particularly knee and eye injuries. The incidence of cruciate ligament injury increased steeply from the ages of 13 years in girls and 16 years in boys, and was more than 7 times higher in female players aged ≥ 16 years than in controls. The risk of eye injury for floorball players compared to controls was increased from the age of 10 years in male players and approximately doubled from the age of 13 years; in adult female players this risk was more than 6 times higher than in controls. Development and implementation of injury prevention measures are essential so that floorball players can safely practice their sport. Given the increased risk of injuries seen also in young players, such measures should be applied in all age categories.
The Clean Development Mechanism and the International Diffusion of Technologies: An Empirical Study
Creators: name: Dechezlepretre, Antoine
name: Glachant, Matthieu
name: Meniere, Yann
name: Dechezlepretre, Antoine
name: Glachant, Matthieu
name: Meniere, Yann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Kyoto Protocol
subject: Clean Development Mechanism
subject: International Technology Transfer

description: The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to stimulate the North-South transfer of climate-friendly technologies. This paper provides an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM using a unique data set of 644 registered projects. It provides a detailed description of the transfers (frequency, type, by sector, by host country, etc.). It also includes an econometric analysis of their drivers. We show that transfer likeliness increases with the size of the projects. The transfer probability is 50% higher in projects implemented in a subsidiary of Annex 1 companies while the presence of an official credit buyer has a lower – albeit positive – impact. The analysis also yields interesting results on how technological capabilities of the host country influence technology diffusion in the CDM.
Advances and Challenges in Conversational Recommender Systems: A Survey
Creators: name: Gao, Chongming
name: Lei, Wenqiang
name: He, Xiangnan
name: de Rijke, Maarten
name: Chua, Tat-Seng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recommender systems exploit interaction history to estimate user preference, having been heavily used in a wide range of industry applications. However, static recommendation models are difficult to answer two important questions well due to inherent shortcomings: (a) What exactly does a user like? (b) Why does a user like an item? The shortcomings are due to the way that static models learn user preference, i.e., without explicit instructions and active feedback from users. The recent rise of conversational recommender systems (CRSs) changes this situation fundamentally. In a CRS, users and the system can dynamically communicate through natural language interactions, which provide unprecedented opportunities to explicitly obtain the exact preference of users. Considerable efforts, spread across disparate settings and applications, have been put into developing CRSs. Existing models, technologies, and evaluation methods for CRSs are far from mature. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of the techniques used in current CRSs. We summarize the key challenges of developing CRSs in five directions: (1) Question-based user preference elicitation. (2) Multi-turn conversational recommendation strategies. (3) Dialogue understanding and generation. (4) Exploitation-exploration trade-offs. (5) Evaluation and user simulation. These research directions involve multiple research fields like information retrieval (IR), natural language processing (NLP), and human-computer interaction (HCI). Based on these research directions, we discuss some future challenges and opportunities. We provide a road map for researchers from multiple communities to get started in this area. We hope this survey can help to identify and address challenges in CRSs and inspire future research.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
Analytic approach to the CMB polarizations generated by relic gravitational waves
Creators: name: Zhao, Wen
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By Polnarev's method we analytically calculate the polarization spectra of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) generated by cosmic relic gravitational waves (RGW). In this analytic approach the physics involved in this generating process is more transparent. Consequently, the effects due to various elements of physics can be isolated easily. In solving the equation for evolution of RGW in the expanding universe, both the sudden transition and the WKB approximation for the scale factor during the radiation-matter transition have been taken. To describe more precisely the decoupling process, we have introduced an analytic expression for the visibility function, consisting of two pieces of half-Gaussian curves. We also include the damping on polarizations due to the photon diffusion up to the second order of the tight coupling. Analytic polarization spectra $C_l^{XX}$ have been obtained with the following several improvements over the previous results. 1. The approximate analytic result is quite close to the numerical one evaluated from the cmbfast code, especially, for the first three peaks of the spectrum that are observable (see the text).
description: 27 pages including 15 figures. Only style is revised