cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Theory of surface modes in structured plasmonic arrays
Creators: name: Wood, John Jesse
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Metamaterials can provide many different functionalities and striking optical properties, whereby the optical control often comes from metallic building blocks which exhibit plasmonic resonances in the optical and infra-red frequency regimes. However, one of the major obstacles in the use of metallic elements is the overcoming of the losses in plasmonic structures. In this thesis, we consider how mode hybridisation can be used to circumvent these losses using cut-wire plasmonic arrays coupled to photonic slab waveguides. The resulting hybrid modes can have low loss characteristics and we investigate how the geometric parameters of the structure can be used to control the transmission and dispersion properties. We then investigate finite arrays finding they can support modes with extremely high quality factors (Q∼ 4000), which is highly unusual in plasmonic systems, and that the individual loss mechanisms can be controlled via the geometry. In the second part of the thesis we consider another type of surface mode, the spoof SPP. Theoretical methods for describing spoof SPPs in perfectly conducting materials are well established, enabling the design of an arbitrary spoof plasma frequency. However, for dispersive materials there have been a lack of theoretical studies. We begin by considering first how small changes to the spoof plasmon geometry affect the characteristics of spoof SPP waves, adapting the coupled mode method to slanted geometries and even right-angled triangular indentations, a structure not normally associated with spoof SPPs. We then develop a formalism based on the coupled mode method allowing the dispersion of real metal spoof SPPs to be understood and tuned, thus enabling control of the optical spoof SPP characteristics via both the geometry and the incorporated materials. This method also enables an in depth look at the modal losses which occur once dispersive materials are incorporated into the spoof plasmon dispersion relation and vary drasticallywith the groove width.
Anisotropy of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in the Dark Matter Halo Model
Creators: name: Berezinsky, V.
name: Mikhailov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The harmonic analysis of anisotropy of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays is performed for the Dark Matter halo model. In this model the relic superheavy particles comprise part of the Dark Matter and are concentrated in the Galactic halo. The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays are produced by the decays of these particles. Anisotropy is caused by the non-central position of the Sun in the Galactic halo. The calculated anisotropy is in reasonable agreement with the AGASA data. For more precise test of the model a comparison of fluxes in the directions of the Galactic Center and Anticenter is needed.
description: Comparison with AGASA data is added
Gallinae Linnaeus, 1758, ord. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Gallinae

description: Gallinae [ord. nov.]
V. GALLINAE.
Rostrum convexum: mandibula superiore fornicata, margine extra inferiorem dilatato.
Nares membrana cartilaginea convexa semitectae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 156, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Allosteric Antagonist Modulation of TRPV2 by Piperlongumine Impairs Glioblastoma Progression.
Creators: name: Conde, João
name: Pumroy, Ruth A
name: Baker, Charlotte
name: Rodrigues, Tiago
name: Guerreiro, Ana
name: Sousa, Bárbara B
name: Marques, Marta C
name: De Almeida, Bernardo P
name: Lee, Sohyon
name: Leites, Elvira P
name: Picard, Daniel
name: Samanta, Amrita
name: Vaz, Sandra H
name: Sieglitz, Florian
name: Langini, Maike
name: Remke, Marc
name: Roque, Rafael
name: Weiss, Tobias
name: Weller, Michael
name: Liu, Yuhang
name: Han, Seungil
name: Corzana, Francisco
name: Morais, Vanessa A
name: Faria, Cláudia C
name: Carvalho, Tânia
name: Filippakopoulos, Panagis
name: Snijder, Berend
name: Barbosa-Morais, Nuno L
name: Moiseenkova-Bell, Vera Y
name: Bernardes, Gonçalo J L
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: The use of computational tools to identify biological targets of natural products with anticancer properties and unknown modes of action is gaining momentum. We employed self-organizing maps to deconvolute the phenotypic effects of piperlongumine (PL) and establish a link to modulation of the human transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (hTRPV2) channel. The structure of the PL-bound full-length rat TRPV2 channel was determined by cryo-EM. PL binds to a transient allosteric pocket responsible for a new mode of anticancer activity against glioblastoma (GBM) in which hTRPV2 is overexpressed. Calcium imaging experiments revealed the importance of Arg539 and Thr522 residues on the antagonistic effect of PL and calcium influx modulation of the TRPV2 channel. Downregulation of hTRPV2 reduces sensitivity to PL and decreases ROS production. Analysis of GBM patient samples associates hTRPV2 overexpression with tumor grade, disease progression, and poor prognosis. Extensive tumor abrogation and long term survival was achieved in two murine models of orthotopic GBM by formulating PL in an implantable scaffold/hydrogel for sustained local therapy. Furthermore, in primary tumor samples derived from GBM patients, we observed a selective reduction of malignant cells in response to PL ex vivo. Our results establish a broadly applicable strategy, leveraging data-motivated research hypotheses for the discovery of novel means tackling cancer.
Wiener Reconstruction of Large-Scale Structure from Peculiar Velocities
Creators: name: Zaroubi, Saleem
name: Hoffman, Yehuda
name: Dekel, Avishai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an alternative, Bayesian method for large-scale reconstruction from observed peculiar velocity data. The method stresses a rigorous treatment of the random errors and it allows extrapolation into poorly sampled regions in real space or in k-space. A likelihood analysis is used to determine the fluctuation power spectrum, followed by a Wiener Filter (WF) analysis to obtain the minimum-variance mean fields of velocity and mass density. Constrained Realizations (CR) are then used to sample the statistical scatter about the WF mean field. The WF/CR method is applied as a demonstration to the Mark III data with 1200 km/s, 900 km/s, and 500 km/s resolutions. The main reconstructed structures are consistent with those extracted by the POTENT method. A comparison with the structures in the distribution of IRAS 1.2Jy galaxies yields a general agreement. The reconstructed velocity field is decomposed into its divergent and tidal components relative to a cube of +/-8000 km/s centered on the Local Group. The divergent component is very similar to the velocity field predicted from the distribution of IRAS galaxies. The tidal component is dominated by a bulk flow of 194 +/- 32 km/s towards the general direction of the Shapley concentration, and it also indicates a significant quadrupole.
description: 28 pages and 8 GIF figures, Latex (aasms4.sty), submitted to ApJ. Postscript version of the figures can be obtained by anonymous ftp from: ftp://alf.huji.ac.il/pub/saleem/
Demo: Accessible Deep Learning for the Scientific Community
Creators: name: Broll, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Applied Computer Science
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing

description: DeepForge is a gateway to deep learning for the scientific community. Utilizing a cloud-based infrastructure, DeepForge facilitates rapid development by promoting accessibility and reproducibility of experiments. In this demonstration, we present the core concepts of DeepForge and an image classification example.
Dispersive and effective properties of two-dimensional periodic media
Creators: name: Godin, Yuri A.
name: Vainberg, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B27, 78A48, 78M35, 78M40

description: We consider transverse propagation of electromagnetic waves through a two-dimensional composite material containing a periodic rectangular array of circular cylinders. Propagation of waves is described by the Helmholtz equation with the continuity conditions the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields on the boundaries of the cylinders. We assume that the dimensionless wave frequency $ν\ll 1$ that allows us to view the governing equation as a perturbation of the Laplace equation. We show that the eigenfunctions and the eigenvalues are even analytic functions of the magnitude of the quasimomentum vector and provide a rigorously justified asymptotic expansion the tensor of effective properties. We also determine explicitly a frequency correction term to the tensor of effective properties.
description: 20 pages, 2 figure
Closing the Gap on $R_{D^*}$ by including longitudinal effects
Creators: name: Chavez-Saab, J. E.
name: Toledo, Genaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the $R_{D^*}\equiv\mathrm{Br}(B\rightarrow τνD^*)/\mathrm{Br}(B\rightarrow eνD^*)$ parameter remain in tension with the standard model prediction, despite recent results helping to close the gap. The standard model prediction it is compared with considers the $D^*$ as an external particle, even though what is detected in experiments is a $Dπ$ pair it decays into, from which it is reconstructed. We argue that the experimental result must be compared with the theoretical prediction considering the full 4-body decay $(B\rightarrow lνD^* \to lνDπ)$. We show that the longitudinal degree of freedom of the off-shell $D^*$ helps to further close the disagreement gap with experimental data. We find values for the ratio $R_{Dπ}^l \equiv {\mathrm{Br}(B\rightarrow τν_τD π)}/\mathrm{Br}(B\rightarrow lν_l Dπ)$ of $R_{Dπ}^e=0.274\pm0.003$ and $R_{Dπ}^μ=0.275\pm0.003$, where the uncertainty comes from the uncertainty of the form factors parameters. Comparing against $R_{Dπ}$ reduces the gap with the latest LHCb result from $1.1σ$ to $0.48σ$, while the gap with the latest Belle result is reduced from $0.42σ$ to just $0.10σ$ and with the world average results from $3.7σ$ to $2.1σ$. Erratum added at the end of the file.
description: Table 1 updated. After publication we found a bug in the transcription code for the numerical integration. Using the corrected values, the results on $R_{D\pi}$ are consistent with $R_{D^*}$ at the current precision. This modifies our previous finding that lead us to a different conclusion
High-Fidelity Sequence-Selective Duplex Formation by Recognition-Encoded Melamine Oligomers.
Creators: name: Troselj, Pavle
name: Bolgar, Peter
name: Ballester, Pablo
name: Hunter, Christopher A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Melamine oligomers composed of repeating triazine-piperidine units and equipped with phenol and phosphine oxide side-chains form H-bonded duplexes. The melamine backbone provides sufficient rigidity to prevent intramolecular folding of oligomers up to three recognition units in length, leading to reliable duplex formation between sequence complementary oligomers. NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to characterize the self-assembly properties of the oligomers. For length-complementary homo-oligomers, duplex formation in toluene is characterized by an increase in stability of an order of magnitude for every base-pair added to the chain. NMR spectra of dilute solutions of the AD 2-mer show that intramolecular H-bonding between neighboring recognition units on the chain (1,2-folding) does not occur. NMR spectra of dilute solutions of both the AAD and the ADD 3-mer show that 1,3-folding does not take place either. ITC was used to characterize interactions between all pairwise combinations of the six different 3-mer sequences, and the sequence complementary duplexes are approximately an order of magnitude more stable than duplexes with a single base mismatch. High-fidelity duplex formation combined with the synthetic accessibility of the monomer building blocks makes these systems attractive targets for further investigation.
Rab27a: ligand and interactome discovery for a secretory GTPase
Creators: name: Zhao, Wenye
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Rab27a is a small GTPase belonging to the Ras superfamily. Normally involved in vesicle transport and docking, numerous studies from the past two decades have documented a positive correlation between its overexpression in tumour cells and the invasiveness of the cancer. These findings strongly suggest that Rab27a could be a novel cancer drug target, yet, the dearth of clinically successful drugs targeting other oncogenic members of the Ras superfamily reflects the difficulty of applying canonical medicinal chemistry techniques to this class of proteins, structurally flexible and have complex protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The development of new biophysical methods in drug discovery holds promise in delivering where past methods have struggled. In this thesis, two top small molecular hits from a fragment assay against Rab27a were developed as part of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies using a crystallised protein construct as guidance. Peptide binders were also sought, and a dipeptide was identified as the first positive control for Rab27a with a kd of ~8 mM by SPR, and its affinity was improved by lactam bridging. The PPIs of Rab27a were also investigated as part of the development of photocleavable crosslinkers for a novel chemical biology approach to interactome proteomics. A prototype lysine-targeting covalent crosslinker was designed, synthesised and validated with recombinant protein followed by Rab27a-spiked lysate. It was subsequently incorporated into a bespoke proteomic protocol and tested against HeLa lysate transfected with Twin-Step Tag (TST)-Rab27a. The results were analysed using label-free quantification (LFQ) in MaxQuant and peptide modifications inspected with PEAKS. The analysis workflow is discussed and critically analysed, offering many fruitful avenues for the future iterations of the protocol.
Linear and Non-Linear Models for Master Scheduling of Dynamic Resources Product Mix
Creators: name: Mohammed, Ayman R.
name: Sleem, Ahmad Abu
name: Abdel-Aal, Mohammad A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The literature on master production scheduling for product mix problems under the Theory of Constraints (TOC) was considered by many previous studies. Most studies assume a static resources availability. In this study, the raw materials supplied to the manufacturer is considered as dynamic depending on the results of the problem. Thus, an integer linear heuristic, an integer non-linear optimization model, and a basic non-linear model are developed to find a good solution of the problem. The results of the three models were compared to each other in terms of profit, raw materials costs, inventory costs and raw materials utilization. Recent studies in the field are reviewed and conclusions are drawn.
On derivative-free extended Kalman filtering and its Matlab-oriented square-root implementations for state estimation in continuous-discrete nonlinear stochastic systems
Creators: name: Kulikova, Maria V.
name: Kulikov, Gennady Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent research in nonlinear filtering and signal processing has suggested an efficient derivative-free Extended Kalman filter (EKF) designed for discrete-time stochastic systems. Such approach, however, has failed to address the estimation problem for continuous-discrete models. In this paper, we develop a novel continuous-discrete derivative-free EKF methodology by deriving the related moment differential equations (MDEs) and sample point differential equations (SPDEs). Additionally, we derive their Cholesky-based square-root MDEs and SPDEs and obtain several numerically stable derivative-free EKF methods. Finally, we propose the MATLAB-oriented implementations for all continuous-discrete derivative-free EKF algorithms derived. They are easy to implement because of the built-in fashion of the MATLAB numerical integrators utilized for solving either the MDEs or SPDEs in use, which are the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). More importantly, these are accurate derivative-free EKF implementations because any built-in MATLAB ODE solver includes the discretization error control that bounds the discretization error arisen and makes the implementation methods accurate. Besides, this is done in automatic way and no extra coding is required from users. The new filters are particularly effective for working with stochastic systems with highly nonlinear and/or nondifferentiable drift and observation functions, i.e. when the calculation of Jacobian matrices are either problematical or questionable. The performance of the novel filtering methods is demonstrated on several numerical tests.
The effects of magnetic fields in cold clouds in cooling flows
Creators: name: Friaca, A. C. S.
name: Jafelice, L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large masses of absorbing material are inferred to exist in cooling flows in clusters of galaxies from the excess X-ray absorption in the spectra of some X-ray clusters. The absorbing material is probably in the form of cold clouds pressure-confined by the surrounding, hot, X-ray emitting gas. The cold clouds could remain relatively static until they are destroyed by evaporation or ablation, or give rise to star formation. If the final fate of the clouds is stars, the IMF of the stars formed over the whole cooling flow region ($r \sim 100$ kpc) should be biased to low masses, to avoid a very luminous, blue halo for the central galaxy of the cooling flow. However, there is evidence for bright star formation in the innermost (r < 10 kpc) regions of some cooling flows, and, therefore, the biasing of the IMF towards low masses should not occur or be less important at smaller radii. The consideration of magnetic fields may shed light on these two points. If magnetic fields are present, the magnetic critical mass should be considered, besides the Jeans mass, in establishing a natural mass scale for star formation. When this new mass scale is taken into account, we obtain the right variation of the biasing of the IMF with the radius in addition to inhibition of high-mass star formation at large radii. We also demonstrate that magnetic reconnection is a efficient than ambipolar diffusion in removing magnetic fields in cold clouds.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Developing a non-invasive treatment for twin-twin transfusion syndrome using high intensity focused ultrasound in an animal model
Creators: name: Shaw, Caroline Jayne
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive, non-ionising technology which can selectively occlude blood vessels. In Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS), anastomotic placental vessels in a shared placenta allow uneven blood distribution between the twins. Despite advances in prenatal and neonatal care, TTTS remains the leading cause of death and disability in twins. Invasive fetoscopic laser can divide anastomoses, with risks of miscarriage, placental haemorrhage, extreme prematurity or second trimester rupture of membranes. Fetoscopic laser has undergone improvements in technology and therapeutic protocols over two decades, but it still does not consistently improve survival or decrease severe neurological morbidity in surviving twins. Hence, it is only used in severe cases, where benefits outweigh risks, and over 16-18 weeks gestation, after chorion and amnion fusion. This represents an unmet clinical need, which could be addressed by ultrasound-guided HIFU (USgHIFU). Selective occlusion of placental vessels using HIFU has not been described. Ultrasound identification of placental vascular anastomoses in humans is described, but is not in routine clinical use. Therefore, we tested the efficacy and safety of using USgHIFU as a non-invasive method of placental vascular occlusion in the pregnant sheep. An iterative study design in six animal groups was used. Treatment protocols for ultrasound guidance and HIFU delivery were developed in three animal groups. The efficacy and rates of associated direct and indirect iatrogenic harm of each version of the protocol was tested in another three animal groups, using invasive and non-invasive measures. Overall, transdermal USgHIFU occluded 97% of target placental vessels in the most developed treatment protocol. This persisted for 21 days and showed evidence of permanent vessel occlusion by fibrosis obliterans. This was achieved without significant adverse events, although maternal skin (2%), uterine (1%) and fetal skin burns (1%) were observed. There were no long term effects (up to 21 d) of the technique based on assessment of maternal and fetal cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine and obstetric outcomes, or evidence of fetal compromise. This study is proof of principle that USgHIFU can be used to occlude placental vessels in the pregnant sheep. There is a low rate of direct iatrogenic harm and no evidence of indirect harm associated with the technique. As such, this supports the concept of future translational studies to develop USgHIFU as a treatment for TTTS in humans.
Assessing diversity in multiplex networks
Creators: name: Carpi, L. C.
name: Schieber, T. A.
name: Pardalos, P. M.
name: Marfany, G.
name: Masoller, C.
name: Díaz-Guilera, A.
name: Ravetti, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diversity, understood as the variety of different elements or configurations that an extensive system has, is a crucial property that allows maintaining the system's functionality in a changing environment, where failures, random events or malicious attacks are often unavoidable. Despite the relevance of preserving diversity in the context of ecology, biology, transport, finances, etc., the elements or configurations that more contribute to the diversity are often unknown, and thus, they can not be protected against failures or environmental crises. This is due to the fact that there is no generic framework that allows identifying which elements or configurations have crucial roles in preserving the diversity of the system. Existing methods treat the level of heterogeneity of a system as a measure of its diversity, being unsuitable when systems are composed of a large number of elements with different attributes and types of interactions. Besides, with limited resources, one needs to find the best preservation policy, i.e., one needs to solve an optimization problem. Here we aim to bridge this gap by developing a metric between labeled graphs to compute the diversity of the system, which allows identifying the most relevant components, based on their contribution to a global diversity value. The proposed framework is suitable for large multiplex structures, which are constituted by a set of elements represented as nodes, which have different types of interactions, represented as layers. The proposed method allows us to find, in a genetic network (HIV-1), the elements with the highest diversity values, while in a European airline network, we systematically identify the companies that maximize (and those that less compromise) the variety of options for routes connecting different airports.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
In vitro models as surrogates of in vivo antiretroviral efficacy in central nervous system of HIV-1 infected subjects
Creators: name: Mora Peris, Borja
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: HIV-associated cognitive disorders persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The pathogenesis of HIV-associated cognitive disorders has been attributed to factors including the presence of co-morbidities, neuro-inflammation, central nervous system (CNS) antiretroviral toxicity and sub-optimal CNS penetration of antiretroviral drugs. With regards to cART activity in the CNS compartment, attempts have been made to develop pharmacokinetic scoring systems in order to assess CNS antiretroviral efficacy. However, the evidence regarding their clinical validity is non-conclusive. I aimed to establish a novel scoring system to assess antiretroviral efficacy in CNS models. Neurologic cell line-based infectivity assays were developed using brain-derived HIV-1 isolates to calculate CNS anti-retroviral (CAR) scores. CSF samples were collected from HIV-positive neuro-asymptomatic patients receiving cART within clinical studies which also evaluated cerebral parameters including CSF pharmacokinetic parameters, CSF soluble biomarkers, cerebral metabolites measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and cognitive testing. I hypothesised that greater in vitro CSF CAR scores are associated with greater CSF concentrations of antiretroviral drugs and higher indices of cerebral function parameters. I identified significant differences between CSF CAR scores of patients on differing cART regimens alongside significant correlations between the CSF CAR scores and CSF antiretroviral concentrations of all third antiretroviral drugs in such regimens. Higher CSF CAR scores were associated with higher markers of neuronal integrity (MRS) in patients on a maraviroc containing cART regimen but with higher levels of neuronal toxicity biomarkers in an efavirenz containing regimen. These data highlight that antiretrovirals with known immunomodulatory or toxic effects may have such effects on the CNS. I did not observe any associations between CSF CAR scores and cognitive function. CSF CAR scores are a novel research tool able to discriminate the CNS effects of differing cART regimens and may have a future role in research programmes when utilised with other markers of CNS function.
Deflection angle of photon through dark matter by black holes and wormholes using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem
Creators: name: Övgün, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this research, we use the Gibbons-Werner method (Gauss-Bonnet theorem) on the optical geometry of a black hole and wormhole, extending the calculation of the weak gravitational lensing within the Maxwell's fish eye-like profile and dark matter medium. The angle is seen as a partially topological effect and the Gibbons-Werner method can be used on any asymptotically flat Riemannian optical geometry of compact objects in dark matter medium.
description: Accepted to publish in a special issue of Universe "Gravitational Lensing and Optical Geometry: A Centennial Perspective" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/universe/special_issues/gravitational_lensing_optical_geometry#info)
Deep sub-mm surveys with SCUBA
Creators: name: Smail, Ian
name: Ivison, Rob
name: Blain, Andrew
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review published deep surveys in the submillimeter (sub-mm) regime from the new Sub-millimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the 15-m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Summarising the number counts of faint sub-mm sources determined from the different surveys we show that the deepest counts from our completed SCUBA Lens Survey, down to 0.5mJy at 850um fully account for the far-infrared background (FIRB) detected by COBE. We conclude that a population of distant, dust-enshrouded ultraluminous infrared galaxies dominate the FIRB emission around 1mm. We go on to discuss the nature of this population, starting with the identification of their optical counterparts, where we highlight the important role of deep VLA radio observations in this process. Taking advantage of the extensive archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of our fields, we then investigate the morphological nature of the sub-mm galaxy population and show that a large fraction exhibit disturbed or interacting morphologies. By employing existing broadband photometry, we derive crude redshift limits for a complete sample of faint sub-mm galaxies indicating that the majority lie at z<5, with at most 20% at higher redshifts. We compare these limits to the initial spectroscopic results from various sub-mm samples. Finally we discuss the nature of the sub-mm population, its relationship to other classes of high-redshift galaxies and its future role in our understanding of the formation of massive galaxies.
description: 10 pages LaTeX, 4 figures, uses AIP style (included). Invited review at Maryland Astrophysics Conference ``After the dark ages: when galaxies were young (the Universe at 2
Reversible optical data storage below the diffraction limit
Creators: name: Monge, Richard
name: Delord, Tom
name: Meriles, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors feature metastable charge states that can be interconverted with the help of optical excitation at select wavelengths. The distinct fluorescence and spin properties in each of these states have been exploited to show storage of classical information in three dimensions, but the memory capacity of these platforms has been thus far limited by optical diffraction. Here, we leverage local heterogeneity in the optical transitions of color centers in diamond to demonstrate selective charge state control of individual point defects sharing the same diffraction-limited volume. Further, we apply this approach to dense color center ensembles, and show rewritable, multiplexed data storage with large areal density. These results portend alternative approaches to information processing in the form of devices with enhanced optical storage capacity.
4-particle Amplituhedronics for 3-5 Loops
Creators: name: Rao, Junjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the direction of 1712.09990 and 1712.09994, this article continues to excavate more interesting aspects of the 4-particle amplituhedron for a better understanding of the 4-particle integrand of planar N=4 SYM to all loop orders, from the perspective of positive geometry. At 3-loop order, we introduce a much more refined dissection of the amplituhedron to understand its essential structure and maximally simplify its direct calculation, by fully utilizing its symmetry as well as the efficient Mondrian way for reorganizing all contributing pieces. Although significantly improved, this approach immediately encounters its technical bottleneck at 4-loop. Still, we manage to alleviate this difficulty by imitating the traditional (generalized) unitarity cuts, which is to use the so-called positive cuts. Given a basis of dual conformally invariant (DCI) loop integrals, we can figure out the coefficient of each DCI topology using its dlog form via positivity conditions. Explicit examples include all 2+5 non-rung-rule topologies at 4- and 5-loop respectively. These results remarkably agree with previous knowledge, which confirms the validity of amplituhedron up to 5-loop and develops a new approach of determining the coefficient of each distinct DCI loop integral.
description: 45 pages, 20 figures, 2 appendices. Figures improved for v2. More introduction and subsection 1.9 added for v3
Pavo Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Pavo

description: Pavo [gen. nov.]
Caput pennis rectis revolutis tectum.
Pennae dorsales elongatae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 156, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
H-dibaryons and Primordial Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Pacheco, J. A. de Freitas
name: Stoica, S.
name: Thevenin, F.
name: Horvath, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The apparent discrepancy between abundances of light nuclides predicted by the standard Big-Bang and observational data is explained, by assuming the presence of metastable H dibaryons at the nucleosynthesis era. These dibaryons could be formed out of a small fraction of strange quarks at the moment of the confinement transition. For a primordial deuterium abundance of the order of 3 10^{-5}, the measured differences in the 4He abundances requires a relative abundance of H dibaryons of the order of n_H/n_B = 0.07, decaying in a timescale of the order of 10^5 s.
description: Latex, 5 pages, to appear in PRD
Field Guide to Graduate School Applications
Creators: name: Kuhs, Molly A.
name: Wilcots, Megan
name: Waananen, Amy
name: Mistrick, Janine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Graduate School
subject: PhD Application
subject: Field Guides
subject: Academia
subject: Diversity
subject: Inclusion
subject: Hidden Curriculum
subject: DEI
subject: Equity
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolution

description: A guide to the graduate school application process - with hints and tips centered around applying for Ph.D. programs in ecology, evolution, behavior, and other related fields. Compiled by the Field Guides Mentoring program at the University of Minnesota - Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior.

An interactive version of this guide (with clickable links) can be found here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fNfQVwDCTUFejDsimIq8Mn2srWEA97tqVTsDkQQ1UpE
The effect of chemical and mechanical lattice strain on the transport properties of thin film and bulk PrCoO3-δ
Creators: name: Lew, Mabel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The aim of this work is to investigate: enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction at the PrCoO3-δ/Pr2NiO4+ δ (PCO113/PNO214), inteface; and the mechano-chemical effect in mechanically strained lattice mismatched PCO113 films on Ce0.9Gd0.1O2/8-mol% YSZ(002) fabricated using pulsed laser deposition, PLD, and chemically strained A-site deficient PCO113 (Pr1-xCO3- δ) samples. PCO113 films on Si(004) and Ce0.9Gd0.1O2(200)/8-mol% YSZ(002) single crystal substrates were deposited by PLD. Out-of-plane compressive PCO113 lattice strains, calculated from the PCO113(002) reflection, between -0.39% to -0.99% were measured. Single phase PNO214 films could not be deposited for the PLD conditions tested in this work. Isothermal measurements of PNO214 at 800°C in air showed the gradual formation of Pr6O11 and Pr4Ni3O10, suggesting that this process is kinetically limited. Subsequently, investigation of the mechano-chemical effect was limited to the mechanically and chemically strained PCO113 systems. The chemical expansion on introducing Pr-deficiency, x, in PCO113 was attributed to the formation of Pr vacancies, which effect was large enough to offset the decrease in ionic radii as the oxidation state of Co3+ increased to Co4+. High temperature XRD indicated a thermo-chemical expansion wherein oxygen uptake at high temperatures affected the expansion of the PCO113 lattice as a function of temperature. A comparison of the thermos-chemical expansion between the Pr-deficient PCO113 samples confirmed an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration with Pr-deficiency. 18O diffusion profiles of the Pr-deficient PCO113 samples were fitted using Crank's solution for diffusion in a semi-infinite plane. D* and k* values varied between 1.36-2.26 ×10-16 cm2/s and 4.48-10.1×10-10 cm/s. D* and electrical conductivity was found to increase with Pr-deficiency. Visual analysis of 18O diffusions profiles of the strained PCO113 films suggested that the mechano-chemical effect was present and the introduction of a compressive out-of-plane strain inhibited oxide ion diffusion.
Quantum Smart Entangled Fusion Reactor release.pdf
Creators: name: Branton, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 510601
subject: Nuclear physics

description: The invention relates to a compact, high-efficiency energy generation system employingquantum-entangled hydrogen isotope fusion within nanoscale confinement structures. Itcomprises a multiplicity of individually controlled fusion traps formed at nanometer scale, eachconfigured to receive pre-entangled pairs of hydrogen isotopes such as protium, deuterium, ortritium. Each trap is stimulated by attosecond-timed electromagnetic resonance pulses to inducefusion via quantum tunneling. Fusion events are monitored and optimised through an integratedartificial intelligence (AI) control layer that ensures only coherence-validated, phase-alignedpairs are activated. The system includes capacitive and inductive energy reclamationcomponents, and operates in inert gas environments without vacuum chambers or magneticplasma confinement. This allows for safe, clean, modular, and radiation-free energy generationsuitable for terrestrial, mobile, and space-based applications. Present-day embodiments yield1–3 MW electrical output in ~2 m³ volume. Future embodiments scale output to 16–17 MW per~1 m³ module with improved entanglement routing, phase tuning, and quantum AIsynchronization.
Field Guide to Graduate School Applications
Creators: name: Kuhs, Molly
name: Wilcots, Megan
name: Waananen, Amy
name: Mistrick, Janine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Graduate School
PhD Application
Field Guides
Academia
Diversity
Inclusion
Hidden Curriculum

description: A guide to the graduate school application process - with hints and tips centered around applying for Ph.D. programs in ecology, evolution, behavior, and other related fields. Compiled by the Field Guides Mentoring program at the University of Minnesota - Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior.
Field Guide to Graduate School Applications
Creators: name: Kuhs, Molly
name: Wilcots, Megan
name: Waananen, Amy
name: Mistrick, Janine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Graduate School
PhD Application
Field Guides
Academia
Diversity
Inclusion
Hidden Curriculum

description: A guide to the graduate school application process - with hints and tips centered around applying for Ph.D. programs in ecology, evolution, behavior, and other related fields. Compiled by the Field Guides Mentoring program at the University of Minnesota - Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. An interactive version of this guide (with clickable links) can be found here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fNfQVwDCTUFejDsimIq8Mn2srWEA97tqVTsDkQQ1UpE/edit?usp=sharing
A Novel Side-Channel in Real-Time Schedulers
Creators: name: Chen, Chien-Ying
name: Mohan, Sibin
name: Pellizzoni, Rodolfo
name: Bobba, Rakesh B.
name: Kiyavash, Negar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We demonstrate the presence of a novel scheduler side-channel in preemptive, fixed-priority real-time systems (RTS); examples of such systems can be found in automotive systems, avionic systems, power plants and industrial control systems among others. This side-channel can leak important timing information such as the future arrival times of real-time tasks.This information can then be used to launch devastating attacks, two of which are demonstrated here (on real hardware platforms). Note that it is not easy to capture this timing information due to runtime variations in the schedules, the presence of multiple other tasks in the system and the typical constraints (e.g., deadlines) in the design of RTS. Our ScheduLeak algorithms demonstrate how to effectively exploit this side-channel. A complete implementation is presented on real operating systems (in Real-time Linux and FreeRTOS). Timing information leaked by ScheduLeak can significantly aid other, more advanced, attacks in better accomplishing their goals.
Kaon Condensation and Dynamical Nucleons in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Glendenning, Norman K.
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jeurgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the nature of the kaon condensation phase transition. We find several features which, if kaons condense in neutron stars, are not only remarkable, but must surely effect such properties as superfluidity and transport properties, which in turn are relevant to the glitch phenomenon and cooling rates of neutron stars. The mixed phase, because of the extensive pressure range that it spans, will occupy a broad radial extent in a neutron star. This region is permeated with microscopic drops (and other configurations) located at lattice sites of one phase immersed in the background of the other phase. The electric charge on drops is opposite to that of the background phase {\sl and} nucleons have a mass approximately a factor two different depending on whether they are in the drops or the background phase. A large part of the stellar interior has this highly non-homogeneous structure.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, revtex. Physical Review Letters (accepted)
Integrated genetic and phenotypic assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy
Creators: name: Tayal, Upasana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) affects up to 1 in 250 individuals and is the leading global indication for heart transplantation, though a subset of patients can recover myocardial function. Aim: To integrate clinical, genetic, and advanced imaging data to generate new insights into DCM pathobiology. Methods and Results 1) Evaluation of the genetic architecture of DCM in 647 unrelated Caucasian patients revealed that variants in only 5 of 57 putative DCM genes were significantly enriched compared to >30,000 reference samples. Truncating variants in the titin gene (TTNtv) accounted for the largest genetic contribution to DCM (excess burden 14.1%, p=6.4x10-82). 2) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotype study of 716 DCM patients demonstrated that TTNtv DCM was associated with a blunted hypertrophic response (mean indexed left ventricular mass, g/m2; TTNtv-/+ 91.3 vs 83.5, padjusted=0.007). Moderate alcohol excess was an environmental modifier of the TTNtv phenotype (10.0% reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction, 95% CI -16.3 to -3.8%, p=0.002). 3) In 29 patients with recent onset DCM, myocardial contractile reserve during low-dose dobutamine stress CMR was an independent predictor of LV remodelling (p=0.007). Contractile reserve assessed by a novel cine-DENSE strain CMR sequence and relative RV contractile reserve were also predictive of LV remodeling. 4) Amongst 604 DCM patients, followed up for a median of 3.9 years for the primary composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality, major arrhythmic events and major heart failure events, the presence of TTNtv did not influence the primary outcome (TTNtv unadjusted hazard ratio 0.81 [95% CI 0.41-1.63], p=0.56). Further analyses showed no evidence that gender or CMR mid-wall fibrosis status modified the effect of TTNtv. Conclusion These data improve our understanding of the genetic basis of DCM, provide mechanistic insight and inform risk stratification in DCM.
A Statistical Study of Rest-frame Optical Emission Properties in Luminous Quasars at 2.0 < z < 2.5
Creators: name: McIntosh, D. H.
name: Rieke, M. J.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Foltz, C. B.
name: Weymann, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained H-band spectra of 32 luminous quasars at 2.095%) differences between the rest-frame optical emission line properties of the BALQSO and nonBALQSO subsamples. This result is consistent with the view that all RQQs have broad-absorption-line clouds with a small (~10-20%) covering factor and that differences between the two types are merely a function of viewing angle and covering factor. (4) We report a previously unknown luminosity and/or redshift dependence of the narrow-line-region velocity width over the range 0
description: 61 pages, Latex, 12 figures, 11 tables, submitted to ApJ
DeepForge: A Scientific Gateway for Deep Learning
Creators: name: Broll, Brian
name: Miklos Maroti
name: Volgyesi, Peter
name: Akos Ledeczi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing

description: We introduce DeepForge, a gateway to deep learning for the scientific community. DeepForge is designed to lower the barrier to entry and facilitate the rapid development of deep learning models. Utilizing a cloud-based infrastructure, DeepForge facilitates rapid development by promoting reproducibility, collaboration and remote execution of machine learning pipelines. This represents an interdisciplinary approach to facilitating deep learning development as it leverages the strengths of Model Integrated Computing to provide a powerful hybrid textual-visual programming platform for the scientific community.
Kamath_et_al-2007-Hepatology journal.pone.0186301.pdf
Creators: name: Kartoun, Uri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110307 Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: We developed a new risk score, MELD-Plus that accurately stratifies the short-term mortality of patients with established cirrhosis, following a hospital admission. Our findings demonstrate that using a small set of easily accessible structured variables can help identify novel predictors of outcomes in cirrhosis patients and improve the performance of widely used traditional risk scores.
Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Pavo
Pavo cristatus

description: Pavo cristatus [spec. nov.]
P. capite crista erecta.
Pavo cauda longa. Fn. svec. 163.
Pavo. Gesn. av. 656. Aldr. orn. l. 13. c. 1. Jonst. av. 56. t. 22. Will. orn. 112. t. 27. Raj. av. 51.
Habitat in India orientali, Zeylona.
Mas remigibus primoribus ferrugineis, ejulans, vindicans, superbus, togam dorsalem gemmantibus ocellis, naturae miraculo pictam erigendamque, tertio anno acquirit, qua nihil pulchrius, sub canicula dejicit. Femina curat pullos in proximas nuptias. Sambuci floribus occiditur.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 156, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206