cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topology of Reticulate Evolution
Creators: Emmett, Kevin Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbial genetics
subject: Evolutionary genetics--Mathematical models
subject: Topology
subject: Evolution (Biology)
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The standard representation of evolutionary relationships is a bifurcating tree. However, many types of genetic exchange, collectively referred to as reticulate evolution, involve processes that cannot be modeled as trees. Increasing genomic data has pointed to the prevalence of reticulate processes, particularly in microorganisms, and underscored the need for new approaches to capture and represent the scale and frequency of these events.
      This thesis contains results from applying new techniques from applied and computational topology, under the heading topological data analysis, to the problem of characterizing reticulate evolution in molecular sequence data. First, we develop approaches for analyzing sequence data using topology. We propose new topological constructions specific to molecular sequence data that generalize standard constructions such as Vietoris-Rips. We draw on previous work in phylogenetic networks and use homology to provide a quantitative measure of reticulate events. We develop methods for performing statistical inference using topological summary statistics.
      Next, we apply our approach to several types of molecular sequence data. First, we examine the mosaic genome structure in phages. We recover inconsistencies in existing morphology-based taxonomies, use a network approach to construct a genome-based representation of phage relationships, and identify conserved gene families within phage populations. Second, we study influenza, a common human pathogen. We capture widespread patterns of reassortment, including nonrandom cosegregation of segments and barriers to subtype mixing. In contrast to traditional influenza studies, which focus on the phylogenetic branching patterns of only the two surface-marker proteins, we use whole-genome data to represent influenza molecular relationships. Using this representation, we identify unexpected relationships between divergent influenza subtypes. Finally, we examine a set of pathogenic bacteria. We use two sources of data to measure rates of reticulation in both the core genome and the mobile genome across a range of species. Network approaches are used to represent the population of S. aureus and analyze the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the human microbiome is investigated.
Strategies for reducing energy & carbon intensity of a Vancouver townhouse complex
Creators: name: Hoy, Mike
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: A townhouse building in Vancouver, Canada was studied to see what energy and emissions savings were possible through implementation of practical energy improvement measures. It was found that a 60 – 65% reduction in energy consumption was possible through measures that have no impact on household comfort or function. These measures yield a levelized savings of roughly $650 per year and a simple payback of five years. These measures have the potential to make these townhouses 5 times more efficient than the average Canadian residential building and 4 times more efficient than a typical British Columbia town-home. The suggested measures will introduce a mix of improved efficiency, behaviour change and new energy supply. This comprehensive approach is required to achieve maximum potential savings. All suggested improvement measures are recommended to be implemented at the unit level as opposed to the building level. This is because expectations vary significantly amongst the home owners, and energy use in this building is already separated by unit. Energy and emissions savings may be eroded by the behaviour of the residents by up to 26%. Clear understanding of the available savings and disciplined behaviour will be key to maximizing the potential of the suggested measures. These results are most relevant to other town-homes in British Columbia, particularly in the Metro Vancouver area and on Vancouver Island. In conjunction with University of British Columbia. Clean Energy Research Center. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
On stable compactification with Casimir-like potential
Creators: name: Guenther, U.
name: Kriskiv, S.
name: Zhuk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multidimensional cosmological models with a higher dimensional space-time manifold are investigated under dimensional reduction. In the Einstein conformal frame, the effective potential for the internal scale factors is obtained. The stable compactification of the internal spaces is achieved due to the Casimir effect. In the case of more than one internal space a Casimir-like ansatz for the energy density of the massless scalar field fluctuations is proposed. Stable configurations with respect to the internal scale factor excitations are found in the cases of one and two internal spaces.
description: 17 pages, Latex2e, submitted to Gravitation and Cosmology, slightly revised Appendix B
Search for heavy Higgs bosons with flavour-violating couplings in multi-lepton plus $b$-jets final states in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for new heavy scalars with flavour-violating decays in final states with multiple leptons and $b$-tagged jets is presented. The results are interpreted in terms of a general two-Higgs-doublet model involving an additional scalar with couplings to the top-quark and the three up-type quarks ($ρ_{tt}$, $ρ_{tc}$, and $ρ_{tu}$). The targeted signals lead to final states with either a same-sign top-quark pair, three top-quarks, or four top-quarks. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139f b$^{-1}$. Events are categorised depending on the multiplicity of light charged leptons (electrons or muons), total lepton charge, and a deep-neural-network-based categorisation to enhance the purity of each of the signals. Masses of an additional scalar boson $m_{H}$ between $200-630$ GeV with couplings $ρ_{tt}=0.4$, $ρ_{tc}=0.2$, and $ρ_{tu}=0.2$ are excluded at 95% confidence level. Additional interpretations are provided in models of $R$-parity violating supersymmetry, motivated by the recent flavour and $(g-2)_μ$ anomalies.
description: 66 pages in total, author list starting page 49, 17 figures, 9 tables, published by JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2020-03/
Supersymmetry and Euler Multiplets
Creators: name: Brink, L.
name: Ramond, P.
name: Xiong, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some massless supermultiplets appear as the trivial solution of Kostant's equation, a Dirac-like equation over special cosets. We study two examples; one over the coset SU(3)/SU(2) times U(1) contains the N=2 hypermultiplet in (3+1) dimensions with U(1) as helicity; the other over the coset F_4/SO(9) describes the N=1 supermultiplet in eleven dimensions, where SO(9) is the light-cone little group. We present the general solutions to Kostant's equation for both cases; they describe massless physical states of arbitrary spins which display the same relations as the fields in the supermultiplets. They come in sets of three representations called Euler triplets, but do not display supersymmetry although the number of bosons and fermions is the same when spin-statistics is satisfied. We build the free light-cone Lagrangian for both cases.
description: latex, 36 pages
Reflection from Inclined, Relativistic Light Sails
Creators: name: Bari, Refath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kipping (2017) discusses relativistic reflection from light sails. As an extension to this work, we present a new formula for relativistic reflection of sunlight from a light sail moving at a velocity inclined at an arbitrary angle, using an elementary two-body analysis. The formula is shown to reduce to the formulas of Euclid, Einstein, and Gjurchinovski in the relevant limits. This calculation may be extended to calculate the kinetic energy gained by a relativistic light sail inclined at an arbitrary angle.
description: Accepted to The Astronomical Journal
Representations of distributive semilattices in ideal lattices of various algebraic structures
Creators: name: Goodearl, K. R.
name: Wehrung, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A12; 06C20; 06F20; 16E20; 16E50; 19A49; 19K14; 46L05 46L05

description: We study the relationships among existing results about representations of distributive semilattices by ideals in dimension groups, von Neumann regular rings, C*-algebras, and complemented modular lattices. We prove additional representation results which exhibit further connections with the scattered literature on these different topics.
description: To appear in Algebra Universalis. Former title: "Representations of distributive semilattices by dimension groups, regular rings, C*-algebras and complemented modular lattices"
Monopolistic Competition, Aggregate Demand Externalities and Real Effects Of Nominal Money
Creators: name: Blanchard, Olivier J.
name: Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro
name: Blanchard, Olivier J.
name: Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A long standing issue in macroeconomics is that of the relation of imperfect competition to fluctuations in output. In this paper we examine the relation between monopolistic competition and the role of aggregate demand in the determination of output. We first show that monopolistically competitive economies exhibit an aggregate demand externality. We then show that, because of this externality, small menu costs, that is small costs of changing prices may lead to large effects of aggregate demand on output and on welfare.
Additional file 1 of Collaborative engagement with vector control stakeholders is key to enhance the utility of vector-borne disease models
Creators: name: Brown, H. E.
name: Wrench, E.
name: Wolfe, K.
name: Moore, T. C.
name: Tangena, J. A.
name: Sedda, L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary material 1.
Additional file 1 of Cell-autonomous role of Presenilin in age-dependent survival of cortical interneurons
Creators: name: Kang, Jongkyun
name: Shen, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Observations on the Holographic Duals of 4-D Extremal Black Holes
Creators: name: Ferrara, S.
name: Porrati, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that extremal black holes of N=4 Poincare supergravity coupled to conformal matter have a quantum-exact dual 5-d description in the maximally supersymmetric extension of the Randall-Sundrum theory. This dual is a the classical, static supergravity solution describing a string with both Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond charge with respect to different antisymmetric tensor doublets. We also discuss the issue of the singularity present in a class of such supergravity solutions found by Cvetic, Lu and Pope.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX. Misprint in reference corrected. To be published in Phys. Lett. B
On the Deuring Polynomial for Drinfeld Modules in Legendre Form
Creators: name: Bassa, Alp
name: Beelen, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a family $ψ^λ$ of $\mathbb F_q[T]$-Drinfeld modules, which is a natural analog of Legendre elliptic curves. We then find a surprising recurrence giving the corresponding Deuring polynomial $H_{p(T)}(λ)$ characterising supersingular Legendre Drinfeld modules $ψ^λ$ in characteristic $p(T)$.
description: This article supersedes arXiv:1110.6076
Additional file 9: of Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2 and TP53 in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in women under the age of 50â years
Creators: name: Petridis, Christos
name: Iteeka Arora
name: Shah, Vandna
name: Megalios, Anargyros
name: Moss, Charlotte
name: Mera, Anca
name: Clifford, Angela
name: Gillett, Cheryl
name: Pinder, Sarah
name: Tomlinson, Ian
name: Roylance, Rebecca
name: Simpson, Michael
name: Sawyer, Elinor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: BRCA1 pathogenic variants in cases. (DOCX 18 kb)
Tidal Disruption Events through the Lens of the Cooling Envelope Model
Creators: name: Sarin, Nikhil
name: Metzger, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cooling envelope model for tidal disruption events (TDE) postulates that while the stellar debris streams rapidly dissipate their bulk kinetic energy (``circularize"), this does not necessarily imply rapid feeding of the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The bound material instead forms a large pressure-supported envelope which powers optical/UV emission as it undergoes gradual Kelvin-Helmholtz contraction. We present results interpreting a sample of 15 optical TDE within the cooling envelope model in order to constrain the SMBH mass $M_{\rm BH}$, stellar mass $M_{\star}$, and orbital penetration factor $β$. The distributions of inferred properties from our sample broadly follow the theoretical expectations of loss-cone analysis assuming a standard stellar initial mass function. However, we find a deficit of events with $M_{\rm BH} \lesssim 5\times 10^{5}M_{\odot}$ and $M_{\star} \lesssim 0.5M_{\odot}$, which could result in part from the reduced detectability of TDEs with these properties. Our model fits also illustrate the predicted long delay between the optical light curve peak and when the SMBH accretion rate reaches its maximum. The latter occurs only once the envelope contracts to the circularization radius on a timescale of months to years, consistent with delayed-rising X-ray and non-thermal radio flares seen in a growing number of TDE.
description: Published in ApJL. 19 pages, 9 figures. Model and inference workflow implemented in Redback at https://github.com/nikhil-sarin/redback
Additional file 1: of The influence of vgll3 genotypes on sea age at maturity is altered in farmed mowi strain Atlantic salmon
Creators: name: Ayllon, Fernando
name: Solberg, Monica
name: Glover, Kevin
name: Faezeh Mohammadi
name: KjĂŚrner-Semb, Erik
name: Fjelldal, Per
name: Andersson, Eva
name: Hansen, Tom
name: Edvardsen, Rolf
name: Wargelius, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Power analysis. (PDF 108 kb)
Universal relations for the Keplerian sequence of rotating neutron stars
Creators: name: Riahi, Rashid
name: Kalantari, Seyed Zafarollah
name: Hernandez, Jorge Armando Rueda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Keplerian (mass-shedding) sequence of rotating neutron stars. Twelve different equations of state are used to describe the nuclear structure. We find four fitting relations which connect the rotating frequency, mass and radius of stars in the mass-shedding limit to the mass and radius of stars in the static sequence. We show the breakdown of approximate relation for the Keplerian frequency derived by Lattimer and Prakash [Science, 304, 536, (2004)] and then we present a new, EOS-independent and more accurate relation. This relation fits the Keplerian frequency of rotating neutron stars to about $2\%$ for a large range of the compactness $M_{S}/R_{S}$ of the reference non-rotating neutron star, namely the static star with the same central density as the rotating one. The performance of the fitting formula is close to $4\%$ for $M_{S}/R_{S}\leq 0.05~M_{\odot}$/km ($f_{K}\leq 350$~Hz). We present additional EOS-independent relations for the Keplerian sequence including relations for $M_{K}f_{K}$ and $R_{K}f_{K}$ in terms of $M_{S}f_{S}$ and $R_{S}f_{S}$, respectively, one of $M_K/R_K$ as a function of $f_{K}/f_{S}$ and $M_S/R_S$, and a relation between the $M_K$, $R_K$ and $f_K$. These new fitting relations are approximately EOS-independent with an error in the worst case of $8\%$. The universality of the Keplerian sequence properties presented here add to the set of other neutron star universal relations in the literature such as the $I$-Love-$Q$ relation, the gravitational binding energy and the energy, angular momentum and radius of the last circular orbit of a test-particle around rotating neutron stars. This set of universal, analytic formulas, facilitate the inclusion of general relativistic effects in the description of relativistic astrophysical systems involving fast rotating neutron stars.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Morality Under Risk
Creators: name: Lee-Stronach, Chad
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: Many argue that absolutist moral theories – those that prohibit particular kinds of actions or trade-o↵s under all circumstances – cannot adequately account for the permissibility of risky actions. In this dissertation, I defend various versions of absolutism against this critique, using overlooked resources from formal decision theory. Against the prevailing view, I argue that almost all absolutist moral theories can give systematic and plausible verdicts about what to do in risky cases. In doing so, I show that critics have overlooked: (1) the fact that absolutist theories – and moral theories, more generally – underdetermine their formal decision-theoretic representations; (2) that decision theories themselves can be generalised to better accommodate distinctively absolutist commitments. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that we can navigate a risky world without compromising our moral commitments.
Total Synthesis of Maoecrystal V
Creators: Peng, Feng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Chemistry, Organic

description: This thesis describes in detail our journey toward Maoecrystal V, a potential anti-cancer diterpenoid. Maoecrsytal V was isolated in 2004 from a Chinese herbal medicine. It has a highly congested structure, in which there are three continuous quaternary carbon center embedded within a rigid pentacyclic scaffold. The first chapter of this thesis covers the isolation, bioactivity, and synthetic efforts from other groups. The second chapter discusses our first generation strategy toward Maoecrystal V. During our early studies, we successfully found the conditions for the key intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. We also identified that the facial selectivity of this Diels-Alder reaction is a big challenge for our synthesis plan. The third chapter describes our solution to the core structure of Maoecrystal V. The exploration resulted in the discovery of a novel exo-glycal epoxide rearrangement. The last chapter describes the total synthesis of Maoecrystal V. The difficulties we met and our solution is discussed.
Implications Of Technicological Change For Household Level And Rural Development
Creators: name: Nash, June
name: Nash, June
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: International Development

description: When the contribution women make in production is not taken into account by development agencies, the introduction of technological change and large-scale projects may result in the destruction of the domestic economy and the impoverishment of families. Increasing rates of infant mortality are evidence of the polarization of wealth and the limited access to the means of production women and children in developing countries are permitted with the penetration of capitalism. As the ultimate unit of production in resisting the encroachment of capitalism, the domestic unit has subsidized the costs of capitalist production. Theories of the domestic mode of production are discussed in relation to development planning. Models focusing only on economic factors are seen as too limited to assess the outcome of development planning because of the cultural imperatives motivating behavior. Nine cases of development grouped according to type of innovation, e.g., the adoption of cash crops and mechanization; large-scale development projects such as dams, craft and industrial production; and forced migration, are discussed in relation to the following variables: (1) changes in the composition of ti1e household, (2) changes in the division of labor within the household, and (3) migration of members of the family. The author concludes tl1e article with a series of propositions about the relationship between these variables and the success of the projects measured in terms of their contribution to human welfare.
Tourism and Its Economic Impact in Italy: A Study of Industry Concentration and Quality of Life
Creators: Branchini, Ariana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: City planning
Recreation
Economics

description: This thesis analyzes the impact that tourism's concentrated regional industrial growth has on citizens' quality of life in Milan, Venice, Florence and Rome. A careful examination of tourist destinations suggests that the promotion of the tourism industry might lead to negative externalities such as increased pressure on urban facilities and scattering of local human capital and economic resources. In order to maintain a city's culture, art and heritage, regional governments and private institutions have promoted these assets for consumption by visitors. Paradoxically, in many cases, this has put valued cultural assets at risk of degradation and has eroded the quality of life for local residents. This thesis will evaluate the ability of tourism to provide a sustainable solution for economic development, as measured by its ability to contribute to citizens' accessibility to a high quality of life. By examining Italy's top four tourist destinations, I will consider the relative market share of tourism-related industries in the provinces that encompass these cities. In addition to market share, quality of life indicators including household assessment of change in economic situation, employment levels and educational achievement will be used to assess the hypothesis that over-investment in tourism leads to a homogenous industrial structure and lower quality of life for citizens. From this research it is evident that tourism and higher quality of life are related in these four cities when measuring unemployment rates and household assessment of change in economic situation. Low levels of educational attainment demonstrate one way tourism may lead to lower quality of life where industry concentration is greater. Tourism can spur economic development and bring income to places with natural and cultural resources that can be shared. However, commodifying these resources leaves places vulnerable in a number of ways that provincial governments must consider.
Additional file 2: of The influence of vgll3 genotypes on sea age at maturity is altered in farmed mowi strain Atlantic salmon
Creators: name: Ayllon, Fernando
name: Solberg, Monica
name: Glover, Kevin
name: Faezeh Mohammadi
name: KjĂŚrner-Semb, Erik
name: Fjelldal, Per
name: Andersson, Eva
name: Hansen, Tom
name: Edvardsen, Rolf
name: Wargelius, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Primer and probes used to interrogate the sex of the individuals (PCR and Presence-Absence) and the vgll3 genotypes (Sequenom and Allelic Discrimination). (PDF 48 kb)
Total Synthesis of the EF Fragment of Spongistatin 1 en Route to a Spongistatin 1 Analog
Creators: Infantine, Joshua Ross
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Chemistry, Organic
Chemistry
Polyketides

description: A major goal of the Leighton group is the synthesis of biologically relevant polyketide natural products. Among the most potent and chemically intriguing member of this class is spongistatin 1. This molecule has interested biologists and chemists for more than two decades. In this thesis, we report a highly practical and efficient synthesis of the EF fragment of spongistatin 1. This relied on the rapid introduction of a complex stereochemical array using double cross-metathesis/Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions to quickly build the F-ring of spongistatin. The six contiguous stereocenters of the F-ring were established in just five steps. A new one-pot asymmetric strained-silane mediated allylation was developed that was greatly improved over previous methods in regards to practicality and substrate scope. This methodology was used to introduce the sensitive chlorodiene side chain. Finally, completion of the EF fragment led to the synthesis of a spongistatin 1 analog, using our previously developed redesigned ABCD fragment.
Anomalous spatial shifts in interface electronic scattering
Creators: name: Yu, Zhi-Ming
name: Liu, Ying
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous spatial shifts at interface scattering, first studied in geometric optics, recently found their counterparts in the electronic context. It was shown that both longitudinal and transverse shifts, analogous to the Goos-Hanchen and Imbert-Fedorov effects in optics, can exist when electrons are scattered at a junction interface. More interestingly, the shifts are also discovered in the process of Andreev reflection at a normal/superconductor interface. Particularly, for the case with unconventional superconductors, it was discovered that the transverse shift can arise solely from the superconducting pair potential and exhibit characteristic features depending on the pairing. Here, we briefly review the recent works in this field, with an emphasis on the physical picture and theoretical understanding.
description: 17 pages, an invited review contributing to a special issue "Recent Advances in Topological Materials" of Frontiers of Physics
Universal long-time properties of Lagrangian statistics in the Batchelor regime and their application to the passive scalar problem
Creators: name: Balkovsky, E.
name: Fouxon, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider transport of dynamically passive quantities in the Batchelor regime of smooth in space velocity field. For the case of arbitrary temporal correlations of the velocity we formulate the statistics of relevant characteristics of Lagrangian motion. This allows to generalize many results obtained previously for the delta-correlated in time strain, thus answering the question of universality of these results.
description: 11 pages, revtex; added references, typos corrected
Tourists Without Borders: An Anthropological Study of Voluntourism as a Form of Humanitarian Engagement
Creators: Mann, Monica Ann
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Ethnology

description: The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the relatively new body of critical literature in anthropology about a particular form of humanitarian action, voluntourism, in the Global South. The dissertation looks at discourses of need, community, and “us and them” as these discourses play out via social interactions involved in voluntourism. This dissertation highlights my own experiences working with a particular NGO in Western Ghana, which I call Odenkyem. My research fulfills a need for academic analysis of the role of voluntourism in humanitarianism. In the last several years, the ethics of voluntourism have been questioned by activists and academics, but this debate seems to have hinged greatly on how these endeavors bolster the white savior complex, or the fact that many of these voluntourist programs do more harm than good. While in this work I do not champion the voluntourism industry, based on my research and my own voluntourist experiences, I am convinced that the industry will continue to flourish via Westerners, particularly those from the US and Canada, looking for exotic experiences while simultaneously helping those they consider vulnerable. While some argue that voluntourism amounts to commodifying the needs of others as simplistic psycho-political packages that can be fixed in a brief volunteer vacation experience, others suggest that voluntourism can generate important learning for all involved, and that it is possible to maximize positive outcomes for both the voluntourist and the voluntoured in these endeavors. I place myself somewhere in between these two perspectives, arguing that while both internal and external critiques of voluntourism are crucial, scholars must avoid using arrogance to critique arrogance by wholly dismissing voluntourism as a potentially meaningful form of humanitarian engagement. I further argue that with proper training and critique, there are ways in which voluntourism might also serve as an effective learning experience for all involved, while maximizing positive outcomes over negative ones.
Additional file 1 of Ocean currents affect spatial patterns of fish communities in the Yellow Sea–Bohai Sea ecotone
Creators: name: Zou, Jianyu
name: Cheng, Wen
name: Xue, Ying
name: Zhang, Chongliang
name: Ji, Yupeng
name: Ren, Yiping
name: Xu, Binduo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1
PACT I: Combining ACT and Planck data for optimal detection of tSZ signal
Creators: name: Aghanim, N.
name: Douspis, M.
name: Hurier, G.
name: Crichton, D.
name: Diego, J. -M.
name: Hasselfield, M.
name: Macias-Perez, J.
name: Marriage, T. A.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
name: Remazeilles, M.
name: Soubrie, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the optimal reconstruction of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect signal based on the combination of a heterogeneous dataset consisting of ACT and Planck data, with different numbers of channels, angular resolutions and noise levels. We combine both datasets using two different approaches, a Matched Multi-Filter (MMF) technique and an optimised Internal Linear Combination (ILC). We show that when applying the MMF to the combination of ACT and Planck data, the size-flux degeneracy is reduced and the signal-to-noise of clusters detected with their SZ signal improves by up to a factor of three. In the case of the optimised ILC method, we show that the tSZ map is reconstructed with a resolution of $\sim 1.5$ arcmin. This is more than a factor two improvement compared with the Planck resolution, and with a very good control of noise, i.e. limited only by the intrinsic noise of the individual experiments. The combination of ACT and Planck data offers a unique opportunity to improve on the study of the pressure profiles and to study substructure in clusters through their tSZ.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Strong squeezing of microwave output fields via reservoir-engineered cavity magnomechanics
Creators: name: Qian, Hang
name: Zuo, Xuan
name: Fan, Zhi-Yuan
name: Cheng, Jiong
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to achieve strong squeezing of a microwave output field by reservoir engineering a cavity magnomechanical system, consisting of a microwave cavity, a magnon mode, and a mechanical vibration mode. The magnon mode is simultaneously driven by two microwave fields at the blue and red sidebands associated with the vibration mode. The two-tone drive induces a squeezed magnonic reservoir for the intracavity field, leading to a squeezed cavity mode due to the cavity-magnon state swapping, which further yields a squeezed cavity output field. The squeezing of the output field is stationary and substantial using currently available parameters in cavity magnomechanics. The work indicates the potential of the cavity magnomechanical system in preparing squeezed microwave fields, and may find promising applications in quantum information science and quantum metrology.
description: To appear in PRA
Old speech, new voices: examining the language motivations of Portuguese learners in Macau
Creators: name: Brown, Adrian James
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Portuguese language
Macau
University of Macau
Portuguese language learners
language motivation
Portuguese as a foreign language

description: In the city-state of Macau, a former Portuguese colony returned to China in 1999, there are two official languages: Chinese and Portuguese. Portuguese is only spoken as a first language by only 0.7% of the population, while the great majority of other residents speak Cantonese. Mandarin (Putonghua) and English are also widely understood and used in the media, education, business and government services, with most residents multilingual to some degree. Since the 1980s, community interest in learning and continuing study in Portuguese has declined, with a preference for other languages (particularly English and Putonghua), economic changes, and anticipation of Macau's return to China all resulting in steep falls in Portuguese language enrolments over time. The additional emigration of many Portuguese speakers prior to the territory's handover has led many to predict the demise of Portuguese as a living language in Macau. Since the mid-2000s however, the University of Macau (UM) has experienced a sustained upsurge of students enrolling in Portuguese as Foreign Language (PFL) courses, both in its Bachelor program and as an Arts elective. This is particularly noteworthy given the long-term decline and stagnation of enrolments in Portuguese-instruction courses, and the low public perception of Portuguese as attested in previous studies on Macau residents' linguistic attitudes and preferences. To examine this previous unexplored trend, I conducted a questionnaire of the current cohort of undergraduate adult PFL learners at UM, Macau's sole public university. By asking students their reasons for studying Portuguese, as well as information about their language, education background and nationality, this study sought to identify what factors might be driving an upsurge in PFL enrolments. This research also aimed to identify whether language learner motivations adhere to previous understandings of language motivation, as attested in the socio-educational model (Gardner and Lambert 1972, Gardner 1985), or whether learners are driven by different reasons for learning Portuguese. The study also considered whether there are any significant learner differences among PFL students, and if so, what this means for Portuguese language policy and language maintenance efforts in the Macau context.
Band dispersion of graphene with structural defects
Creators: name: Kot, Piotr
name: Parnell, Jonathan
name: Habibian, Sina
name: Straßer, Carola
name: Ostrovsky, Pavel M.
name: Ast, Christian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the band dispersion of graphene with randomly distributed structural defects using two complementary methods, exact diagonalization of the tight-binding Hamiltonian and implementing a self-consistent T matrix approximation. We identify three distinct types of impurities resulting in qualitatively different spectra in the vicinity of the Dirac point. First, resonant impurities, such as vacancies or 585 defects, lead to stretching of the spectrum at the Dirac point with a finite density of localized states. This type of spectrum has been observed in epitaxial graphene by photoemission spectroscopy and discussed extensively in the literature. Second, nonresonant (weak) impurities, such as paired vacancies or Stone-Wales defects, do not stretch the spectrum but provide a line broadening that increases with energy. Finally, disorder that breaks sublattice symmetry, such as vacancies placed in only one sublattice, open a gap around the Dirac point and create an impurity band in the middle of this gap. We find good agreement between the results of the two methods and also with the experimentally measured spectra.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, including supplementary information
Toward Semantic Machine Translation
Creators: Andreas, Jacob
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Artificial intelligence

description: This thesis presents a novel approach to interlingual machine translation using Î»-calculus expressions as an intermediate representation. It investigates and extends existing algorithms which learn a combinatorial category grammar for semantic parsing, and introduces two new algorithms for generation out of logical forms inspired by that semantic parser. The results of a set of new experiments for generation and parsing are described, as well as an evaluation of the performance of a semantic translation system created by joining the semantic parser and generator together. Experimental results demonstrate that under certain conditions, this semantic model achieves better performance than a standard phrase-based statistical MT system in both an automated evaluation of translation output and a manual evaluation of adequacy and fluency.
Graph Database Solution for Higher Order Spatial Statistics in the Era of Big Data
Creators: name: Sabiu, Cristiano G.
name: Hoyle, Ben
name: Kim, Juhan
name: Li, Xiao-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an algorithm for the fast computation of the general $N$-point spatial correlation functions of any discrete point set embedded within an Euclidean space of $\mathbb{R}^n$. Utilizing the concepts of kd-trees and graph databases, we describe how to count all possible $N$-tuples in binned configurations within a given length scale, e.g. all pairs of points or all triplets of points with side lengths $
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted
Tournaments With Forbidden Substructures and the Erdos-Hajnal Conjecture
Creators: Choromanski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A celebrated Conjecture of Erdos and Hajnal states that for every undirected graph H there exists ɛ(H)>0 such that every undirected graph on n vertices that does not contain H as an induced subgraph contains a clique or a stable set of size at least n^{ɛ(H)}. In 2001 Alon, Pach and Solymosi proved that the conjecture has an equivalent directed version, where undirected graphs are replaced by tournaments and cliques and stable sets by transitive subtournaments. This dissertation addresses the directed version of the conjecture and some problems in the directed setting that are closely related to it. For a long time the conjecture was known to be true only for very specific small graphs and graphs obtained from them by the so-called substitution procedure proposed by Alon, Pach and Solymosi. All the graphs that are an outcome of this procedure have nontrivial homogeneous sets. Tournaments without nontrivial homogeneous sets are called prime. They play a central role here since if the conjecture is not true then the smallest counterexample is prime. We remark that for a long time the conjecture was known to be true only for some prime graphs of order at most 5. There exist 5-vertex graphs for which the conjecture is still open, however one of the corollaries of the results presented in the thesis states that all tournaments on at most 5 vertices satisfy the conjecture. In the first part of the thesis we will establish the conjecture for new infinite classes of tournaments containing infinitely many prime tournaments. We will first prove the conjecture for so-called constellations. It turns out that almost all tournaments on at most 5 vertices are either constellations or are obtained from constellations by substitutions. The only 5-vertex tournament for which this is not the case is a tournament in which every vertex has outdegree 2. We call this the tournament C_{5}. Another result of this thesis is the proof of the conjecture for this tournament. We also present here the structural characterization of the tournaments satisfying the conjecture in almost linear sense. In the second part of the thesis we focus on the upper bounds on coefficients epsilon(H) for several classes of tournaments. In particular we analyze how they depend on the structure of the tournament. We prove that for almost all h-vertex tournaments ɛ(H) ≤ 4/h(1+o(1)). As a byproduct of the methods we use here, we get upper bounds for ɛ(H) of undirected graphs. We also present upper bounds on ɛ(H) of tournaments with small nontrivial homogeneous sets, in particular prime tournaments. Finally we analyze tournaments with big ɛ(H) and explore some of their structural properties.
Dynamic Behavior In Large Markets For Differentiated Products
Creators: name: Lambson, Val Eugene
name: Lambson, Val Eugene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: An important question is how well competitive models approximate models of large finite economies. This paper studies that question for models of differentiated products. Both static and dynamic Nash equilibria are considered. In the class of models analyzed it is shown that static Nash equilibria always converge to competition as the number of firms increases. Dynamic Nash equilibria need not so converge. Easily checked necessary and sufficient conditions for their convergence to competition are, however, established.
Toward Regional Urban Planning Support in Post‐Conflict West Africa
Creators: Richardson, Jet
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: City planning
Public policy (Law)

description: Urban planning strategies and initiatives that focus on one city or simply "the city," inconsiderate of the regional networks, will fail to developed policies that encourage inclusive growth. Thus, creating further economic dependency on the capital and perpetuating historic grievances caused by policies that treat vast regions as homogenous. Two basic questions frame this context: A) How can development strategy introduce a rational planning scheme into a post-conflict context? That strengthens the role of good governance rather than rewarding bad governmental habits. And, B) Under which circumstances could development be done better through the strategic use planning and urban planners? The role of urban planning should be targeted and enhanced in post-crisis redevelopment, and in cities or regions where crisis may be looming urban planning should be strengthened. Three reasons in support of this statement are: A) Urban planners often act as the liaison between multiple government agencies; B) They are trained civil servants without political agendas (often un-elected); and, C) From a local perspective, they understand the context of their cities and regions better than any international aid worker or foreign diplomat. The role of urban planning must strengthen good governance in order to help reduce conflict and perhaps prevent other conflicts from occurring altogether especially where conflict and its causal factors are not restricted by sovereign territorial borders.
Upper bounds on the density of states of single Landau levels broadened by Gaussian random potentials
Creators: name: Hupfer, Thomas
name: Leschke, Hajo
name: Warzel, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a non-relativistic charged particle on the Euclidean plane R^2 subject to a perpendicular constant magnetic field and an R^2-homogeneous random potential in the approximation that the corresponding random Landau Hamiltonian on the Hilbert space L^2(R^2) is restricted to the eigenspace of a single but arbitrary Landau level. For a wide class of Gaussian random potentials we rigorously prove that the associated restricted integrated density of states is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. We construct explicit upper bounds on the resulting derivative, the restricted density of states. As a consequence, any given energy is seen to be almost surely not an eigenvalue of the restricted random Landau Hamiltonian.
description: 16 pages, to appear in "Journal of Mathematical Physics"