cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Automobiles: Toyota Motor Corporation: Gaining and sustaining long-term advantage through information technology
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This case for a large automobile producer, together with other cases, support an initial research hypothesis that leading software users in the U.S. and Japan are very sophisticated in the ways they have integrated software into their business strategies. They use IT to institutionalize organizational strengths and capture tacit knowledge on an iterative basis. In Japan this strategy has involved heavy reliance on customized and semi-customized software but is changing towards a more selective use of package software managed via customized systems. This case is illustrated by Toyota's development of its system to automate its traditional "just-in-time" (JIT) ordering from suppliers, its new intelligent transportation system (ITS) and its new smart cars. Conversely, U.S. firms, such as Merck, who have often relied more on packaged software, are now customizing more. This is especially true for the systems needed to integrate software packages into something more closely linked with a firm's business strategies, markets, and organizational structure.
Phenomenology and Cosmology of an Electroweak Pseudo-Dilaton and Electroweak Baryons
Creators: name: Campbell, Bruce A.
name: Ellis, John
name: Olive, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many strongly-interacting models of electroweak symmetry breaking the lowest-lying observable particle is a pseudo-Goldstone boson of approximate scale symmetry, the pseudo-dilaton. Its interactions with Standard Model particles can be described using a low-energy effective nonlinear chiral Lagrangian supplemented by terms that restore approximate scale symmetry, yielding couplings of the pseudo-dilaton that differ from those of a Standard Model Higgs boson by fixed factors. We review the experimental constraints on such a pseudo-dilaton in light of new data from the LHC and elsewhere. The effective nonlinear chiral Lagrangian has Skyrmion solutions that may be identified with the `electroweak baryons' of the underlying strongly-interacting theory, whose nature may be revealed by the properties of the Skyrmions. We discuss the finite-temperature electroweak phase transition in the low-energy effective theory, finding that the possibility of a first-order electroweak phase transition is resurrected. We discuss the evolution of the Universe during this transition and derive an order-of-magnitude lower limit on the abundance of electroweak baryons in the absence of a cosmological asymmetry, which suggests that such an asymmetry would be necessary if the electroweak baryons are to provide the cosmological density of dark matter. We revisit estimates of the corresponding spin-independent dark matter scattering cross section, with a view to direct detection experiments.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, additional references added
Assessing the value of climate forecast information for pastoralists: Evidence from southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya
Creators: name: Luseno, Winnie K.
name: McPeak, John G.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Little, Peter D.
name: Gebru, Getachew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Science--Social aspects
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Climatic variability exerts tremendous influence on the livelihoods and well-being of pastoralists who inhabit the arid and semi-arid lands of the Horn of Africa. Recent advances in climate forecasting technologies have raised the intriguing prospect of reasonably accurate forecasts of coming seasons' rainfall patterns. Several donors and governments in the region are keenly interested in these technologies and in developing forecast delivery channels on the assumption that this information will prove valuable to the vulnerable populations it is meant to help not only indirectly, as an input into top-down early warning systems, but also directly, as a basis for improving choice under uncertainty. We explore the value of such external climate forecast information to pastoralists in a large study area spanning southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya using original data collected using both open-ended qualitative methods to identify and understand indigenous climate forecasting methods and quantitative data collected using survey instruments fielded in two rounds, one before and one after the long rains of 2001. The data show that pastoralists rely heavily on indigenous forecasting methods — in terms of having both access to and confidence in these methods — while external forecasts are less commonly received or believed. We elicited pastoralists' subjective, probabilistic expectations of the coming season's rainfall and find that neither use of nor belief in external forecasts causes any appreciable change in respondents' seasonal rainfall expectations. Moreover, relatively few pastoralists act on their own climate expectations, no matter how formed. In sum, climate forecast information does not seem a limiting factor at present in pastoralist communities in the Horn of Africa, not least of which because of the existence of a vibrant and still-relevant tradition of indigenous forecasting.
Uncrossed cortical and thalamic circuits to mediate sensory processing weeks after stroke
Creators: name: Aminoltejari, Khatereh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: One of the enduring principles in neurobiology is that most sensory activity is processed in the hemisphere opposite (contralateral) to the sensation. After a relatively small stroke, function can re-map to related peri-infarct cortical areas. However, after a large stroke, areas with spared and related function may only be present within the “unaffected” hemisphere leading to ipsilateral (un-crossed) sensory processing. We investigated the mechanism of the ipsilateral cortical representation of tactile information before, and 1 and 8-10 weeks after stroke using voltage sensitive dye imaging of forelimb-evoked sensory responses in mice. In control animals before stroke, we observed bilateral cortical activation in response to unilateral stimulation. Ipsilateral forelimb responses before stroke were dependent on the contralateral cortex and presumably mediated through transcallosal fibers that homotopically connect the somatosensory cortices. Large strokes that affected both sensory and motor cortices led to a shift in processing of forelimb sensory stimuli to predominantly the unaffected hemisphere. Pharmacological silencing of the peri-infarct cortex or thalamus within the stroke-affected hemisphere failed to affect prominent non-crossed responses in animals 8-10 weeks after stroke, yet these treatments blocked ipsilateral responses in control animals. Ipsilateral forelimb responses after 8-10 weeks of recovery from a large stroke were attributed to non-crossed ascending circuits that were dependent on the ipsilateral thalamus and apparently substitute for damaged transcallosal cortico-cortical connections. These results indicate that ipsilateral sensory responses present in animals after 8-10 weeks of recovery from stroke are through a fundamentally different mechanism that involves circuits well upstream of the peri-infarct tissue with little dependence on the thalamus or cortex within the stroke-affected hemisphere.
HARITA IRI report to Oxfam America
Creators: name: Osgood, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental sciences

description: The Horn of Africa Risk Transfer for Adaptation (HARITA) project is a holistic adaptation risk management project involving three main components: risk reduction, risk transfer, and prudent risk taking. The risk reduction component involves activities such as composting, water harvesting, planting trees, and seed cleaning, and interfaces closely with the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), a work for food program through which low income farmers are compensated for their labor in activities such as risk reduction.
Flexible Filters: Load Balancing through Backpressure for Stream Programs
Creators: name: Collins, Rebecca L.
name: Carloni, Luca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Stream processing is a promising paradigm for programming multi-core systems for high-performance embedded applications. We propose flexible filters as a technique that combines static mapping of the stream program tasks with dynamic load balancing of their execution. The goal is to improve the system-level processing throughput of the program when it is executed on a distributed-memory multi-core system as well as the local (core-level) memory utilization. Our technique is distributed and scalable because it is based on point-to-point handshake signals exchanged between neighboring cores. Load balancing with flexible filters can be applied to stream applications that present large dynamic variations in the computational load of their tasks and the dimension of the stream data tokens. In order to demonstrate the practicality of our technique, we present the performance improvements for the case study of a JPEG encoder running on the IBM Cell multi-core processor.
Rate of equilibration of a one-dimensional Wigner crystal
Creators: name: Matveev, K. A.
name: Andreev, A. V.
name: Pustilnik, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system of one-dimensional spinless particles interacting via long-range repulsion. In the limit of strong interactions the system is a Wigner crystal, with excitations analogous to phonons in solids. In a harmonic crystal the phonons do not interact, and the system never reaches thermal equilibrium. We account for the anharmonism of the Wigner crystal and find the rate at which it approaches equilibrium. The full equilibration of the system requires umklapp scattering of phonons, resulting in exponential suppression of the equilibration rate at low temperatures.
description: Prepared for the proceedings of the International School and Workshop on Electronic Crystals, ECRYS-2011
Density matrix-based time-dependent configuration interaction approach to ultrafast spin-flip dynamics
Creators: name: Wang, Huihui
name: Bokarev, Sergey I.
name: Aziz, Saadullah G.
name: Kühn, Oliver
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Recent developments in attosecond spectroscopy yield access to the correlated motion of electrons on their intrinsic timescales. Spin-flip dynamics is usually considered in the context of valence electronic states, where spin–orbit coupling is weak and processes related to the electron spin are usually driven by nuclear motion. However, for core-excited states, where the core-hole has a nonzero angular momentum, spin–orbit coupling is strong enough to drive spin-flips on a much shorter timescale. Using density matrix-based time-dependent restricted active space configuration interaction including spin–orbit coupling, we address an unprecedentedly short spin-crossover for the example of L-edge (2p→3d) excited states of a prototypical Fe(II) complex. This process occurs on a timescale, which is faster than that of Auger decay (∼4 fs) treated here explicitly. Modest variations of carrier frequency and pulse duration can lead to substantial changes in the spin-state yield, suggesting its control by soft X-ray light.
A Software Checking Framework Using Distributed Model Checking and Checkpoint/Resume of Virtualized PrOcess Domains
Creators: name: Keetha, Nageswar
name: Wu, Leon Li
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Yang, Junfeng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Complexity and heterogeneity of the deployed software applications often result in a wide range of dynamic states at runtime. The corner cases of software failure during execution often slip through the traditional software checking. If the software checking infrastructure supports the transparent checkpoint and resume of the live application states, the checking system can preserve and replay the live states in which the software failures occur. We introduce a novel software checking framework that enables application states including program behaviors and execution contexts to be cloned and resumed on a computing cloud. It employs (1) EXPLODE's model checking engine for a lightweight and general purpose software checking (2) ZAP system for faster, low overhead and transparent checkpoint and resume mechanism through virtualized PODs (PrOcess Domains), which is a collection of host-independent processes, and (3) scalable and distributed checking infrastructure based on Distributed EXPLODE. Efficient and portable checkpoint/resume and replay mechanism employed in this framework enables scalable software checking in order to improve the reliability of software products. The evaluation we conducted showed its feasibility, efficiency and applicability.
Local theory for ions in binary liquid mixtures
Creators: name: Bier, Markus
name: Gambassi, Andrea
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of ions on the bulk phase behavior of binary liquid mixtures acting as their solvents and on the corresponding interfacial structures close to a planar wall is investigated by means of density functional theory based on local descriptions of the effective interactions between ions and their solvents. The bilinear coupling approximation (BCA), which has been used in numerous previous related investigations, is compared with a novel local density approximation (LDA) for the ion-solvent interactions. It turns out that within BCA the bulk phase diagrams, the two-point correlation functions, and critical adsorption exhibit qualitative features which are not compatible with the available experimental data. These discrepancies do not occur within the proposed LDA. Further experimental investigations are suggested which assess the reliability of the proposed LDA. This approach allows one to obtain a consistent and rather general understanding of the effects of ions on solvent properties. From our analysis we infer in particular that there can be an experimentally detectable influence of ions on binary liquid mixtures due to steric effects but not due to charge effects.
Theoretical formalism for collective electromagnetic response of discrete metamaterial systems
Creators: name: Jenkins, Stewart D.
name: Ruostekoski, Janne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general formalism to describe the propagation of a near-resonant electromagnetic field in a medium composed of magnetodielectric resonators. As the size and the spatial separation of nanofabricated resonators in a metamaterial array is frequently less than the wavelength, we describe them as discrete scatterers, supporting a single mode of current oscillation represented by a single dynamic variable. We derive a Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism for the coupled electromagnetic fields and oscillating currents in the length gauge, obtained by the Power-Zienau-Woolley transformation. The response of each resonator to electromagnetic field is then described by polarization and magnetization densities that, to the lowest order in a multipole expansion, generate electric and magnetic dipole excitations. We derive a closed set of equations for the coherently scattered field and normal mode amplitudes of current oscillations of each resonator both within the rotating wave approximation, in which case the radiative decay rate is much smaller than the resonance frequency, and without such an assumption. The set of equations includes the radiative couplings between a discrete set of resonators mediated by the electromagnetic field, fully incorporating recurrent scattering processes to all orders. By considering an example of a two-dimensional split ring resonator metamaterial array, we show that the system responds cooperatively to near-resonant field, exhibiting collective eigenmodes, resonance frequencies, and radiative linewidths that result from strong radiative interactions between closely-spaced resonators.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures
The Drought and Humanitarian Crisis in Central and Southwest Asia: A Climate Perspective
Creators: name: Agrawala, Shardul
name: Barlow, Mathew
name: Cullen, Heidi
name: Lyon, Bradfield
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Droughts
Droughts--Economic aspects
Long-range weather forecasting
Climatology

description: A persistent multi-year drought in Central and Southwest Asia has affected close to 60 million people as of November 2001. Chronic political instability in many parts of this region and the recent military action in Afghanistan have further complicated the situation. This report provides a climatic perspective on the severity and spatial extent of the ongoing drought and its social and economic impacts. The target audience for this report includes national, regional and international policymakers, humanitarian relief agencies, members of the research community as well as others with a general interest in Central and Southwest Asia and the causes and consequences of the persistent drought in the region. The report discusses underlying climatic mechanisms that might explain the causes for the persistent drought, and presents seasonal climate forecasts and their implications for the region. The principal conclusions of this report are as follows: Central and Southwest Asia represents the largest region of persistent drought over the past three years anywhere in the world. From a regional perspective, the ongoing drought is the most severe in the past several decades. Significant shortfalls in precipitation have led to widespread social and economic impacts, particularly in Iran, Afghanistan, Western Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Agriculture, animal husbandry, water resources, and public health have been particularly stressed throughout the region. Preliminary analysis suggests that the drought is related to large-scale variations in the climate across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the recent “La Niña” in the eastern Pacific. Current seasonal climate forecasting skill in Central and Southwest Asia is modest. IRI seasonal forecasts for the period November 2001-April 2002 are consequently for climatology or equal likelihood of above-, near-, or below-normal precipitation in the region. While not indicative of any pronounced trends, a climatology forecast is less dire than one indicating enhanced probabilities for below normal precipitation.
Development of a web based chemical process simulator
Creators: name: Cota Elizondo, Raúl Carlos
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 128-133
description: Chemical process simulators are a fundamental tool for the design, study and optimization of chemical plants. This type of software has been under continuous development since the early developments of computer programming and their capabilities have evolved at par with the technology available. Later advancements in software development are exploiting the growth of the Internet to create network based applications that can be run by remote computers or devices. These so called web based applications are at the fore front of development and research in the scientific community due to their inherent characteristics that facilitate collaboration, distribution of information and accessibility. The development of web based simulation in the field of chemical engineering has focused primarily on providing access to pre-defined cases where the user may modify operating parameters with little or no options to modify the topology of the process or the thermodynamic basis of the simulations. Another characteristic of previous work is that many of these applications are commonly deployed as self contained entities that live in a web browser known as Java applets. This type of development does not exploit the built-in capabilities in the web browsers to navigate and interact with users, thus losing leverage from the continuous advances in browser development which is a ubiquitous part of the growth of the Internet. The motivation for this research project is to create a state of the art steady state web based simulator that allows users to create and modify simulation cases through a web browser without the installation of extra applications. The simulator is designed to access and modify a variety of unit operations to build models that can be stored and retrieved directly in the server. The interface includes a novel process schematic implemented completely JavaScript that allows the users to visually add and interconnect unit operations. An important characteristic of this work is that the simulator is designed to use the latest techniques for web based development such as Ajax to minimize data transfer and increase the interactive capabilities of the program. The design resembles a desktop application and is completely deployed through HTML and JavaScript.
Quantum magnetism on the Cairo pentagonal lattice
Creators: name: Rousochatzakis, I.
name: Läuchli, A. M.
name: Moessner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive analytical and numerical study of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the Cairo pentagonal lattice, the dual of the Shastry-Sutherland lattice with a close realization in the S=5/2 compound Bi2Fe4O9. We consider a model with two exchange couplings suggested by the symmetry of the lattice, and investigate the nature of the ground state as a function of their ratio x and the spin S. After establishing the classical phase diagram we switch on quantum mechanics in a gradual way that highlights the different role of quantum fluctuations on the two inequivalent sites of the lattice. The most important findings for S=1/2 include: (i) a surprising interplay between a collinear and a four-sublattice orthogonal phase due to an underlying order-by-disorder mechanism at small x (related to an emergent J1-J2 effective model with J2 >> J1), and (ii) a non-magnetic and possibly spin-nematic phase with d-wave symmetry at intermediate x.
description: 29 pages, 19 figures; published version
Designing Weather Insurance Contracts for Farmers in Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya: Final Report to the Commodity Risk Management Group, ARD, World Bank
Creators: name: Osgood, Daniel E.
name: McLaurin, Megan
name: Carriquiry, Miguel
name: Mishra, Ashok
name: Fiondella, Francesco
name: Hansen, James W.
name: Peterson, Nicole
name: Ward, M. Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Science--Social aspects
subject: Agriculture
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This report presents project products to the Commodity Risk Management Group of the World Bank for the development and evaluation of index insurance contracts for smallholder farmers in Malawi, Tanzania, and Kenya. The development of some products we are providing was supported at no cost by the NSF-funded Center for Research on Environmental Decisions. Index insurance is a relatively new weather risk management tool. While traditional insurance insures against crop failure, index insurance insures for a specific event or risk, such as rainfall deficits. The index insurance can be more cost effective since there is no need for in-field assessment of damage because payouts are triggered by weather data directly. Index insurance addresses two problems associated with traditional crop insurance: moral hazard (incentives for a farmer to let a crop die in order to get an insurance payout) and adverse selection (in which insurance is priced based on the risks of the entire population but only the most vulnerable farmers purchase insurance). However, index insurance only provides partial protection and is therefore only one part of a complete risk management package. It is critical that the client have a comprehensive understanding of exactly what risks are covered (and what risks are not covered) by the index product so that clients can effectively use the insurance as a part of their risk management system. Products must be transparent and completely understandable to the client or they will not be able to play their proper role.
Nomura Research Institute: Gaining and sustaining long-term advantage through information technology
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: How have U.S. and Japanese firms organized and managed the process of becoming recognized leaders in using information technology (IT) to achieve long-term sustainable advantage? The cases support an initial research hypothesis: leading U.S. and Japanese software users are very sophisticated in the ways they have integrated software into their business strategies. They use IT to institutionalize organizational strengths and to continually capture the knowledge generated by their business operations. As an introduction to the specifics of the case presented in this paper for Nomura Research, an outline of the focus of the project and the general methodology used is presented here. In addition, there is an overview of the historical importance of customized software in Japan and how that compares to the United States.
Shapes and Probabilities of Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Yang, Abel
name: Saslaw, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general theory for estimating the probability that a galaxy cluster of a given shape exists. The theory is based on the observed result that the distribution of galaxies is very close to quasi-equilibrium, in both its linear and nonlinear regimes. This places constraints on the spatial configuration of a cluster of galaxies in quasi-equilibrium. In particular, we show that that a cluster of galaxies may be described as a collection of nearly virialized subclusters of approximately the same mass. Clusters that contain more than 10 subclusters are very likely to be completely virialized. Using our theory, we develop a method for comparing probabilities of different spatial configurations of subclusters. As an illustrative example, we show that a cluster of galaxies arranged in a line is more likely to occur than a cluster of galaxies arranged in a ring.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures. Corrected typos and incorporated referee suggestions. Accepted for publication in the ApJ
Gaining and sustaining long-term advantage through information technology: The emergence of controlled production
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper summarizes the results of several case studies comparing how U.S. and Japanese firms successfully use software and information technology to achieve long-term sustainable and competitive advantages in various industries. Each case is complete within itself, but also part of a larger study researching pairs of U.S. and Japanese firms using information technology as an integral part of their business strategies. The industries and firms examined include investment and retail banking, life insurance, food and apparel retailing (the distribution side of these two industries), semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, automobile production, and mini-mill and integrated steel making.
Making livestock research and programming more nutrition sensitive
Creators: name: Austin-Datta, Rebecca
name: Turk, Joyce
name: McKune, Sarah
name: Jacobs, Michael
name: Flax, Valerie
name: Lane, Jennifer
name: Williams, Rebecca
name: Ouma, Emily
name: Moore, Emily
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description:
Global efforts such as the Sustainable Development Goals recognize and underscore the significant role that human nutrition has on individual health and population-level development. Consequently, interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder groups, such as the Global Alliance for Improving Nutrition and the Scaling Up Nutrition Movement, have been established to reduce under-nutrition, particularly in children and pregnant women. The concept of nutrition-sensitive agriculture has grown significantly in recent years, and the evidence indicates that integration of nutritional outcomes into agriculture programs has allowed these efforts to make important contributions to the reduction of malnutrition. However, when considering livestock as a subset of agricultural research and programming, nutritional objectives have been less effectively integrated into research and programming. The repercussions of this missed opportunity are exacerbated by the unique nutritional value of animal source foods (ASF) and its potential to increase dietary diversity and improve nutrition and health. Through a set of expert interviews with researchers and development practitioners in the areas of livestock and/or human nutrition, this article identifies factors that make livestock research and programs nutrition-sensitive and factors associated with livestock research/programs that fail to be nutrition-sensitive. Results indicate that an overly narrow focus on nutritional indicators, such as stunting, and target population (children) have hindered the uptake of nutrition-sensitive approaches. Experts indicate that interdisciplinary teams, longer and more iterative funding cycles, and integration of behavior change are elements livestock programs that successfully integrate nutrition. Implications of these and other findings for donors, researchers, and practitioners are presented.
The decline of the Japanese automobile industry: Domestic and international implications
Creators: name: Smitka, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The upheaval in the U.S. auto industry this past decade obscured a fundamental shift in the cost base of the Japanese industry. Wages there in dollar terms more than doubled, to levels slightly higher on average than in the U.S. At the same time the U.S. At the same time the U.S. industry was improving its management, bettering efficiency, quality and the vehicle design process. Now little gap remains there either. This paper explores the sources and implications of these changes in the industry in the two countries, both for assembly and parts manufacturing, and for bilateral trade.
Climate Forecast Information: The Status, Needs and Expectations Among Smallholder Agro-Pastoralists in Machakos District, Kenya
Creators: name: Ngugi, Robinson Kinuthia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Science--Social aspects
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The potential use of seasonal climate forecasts in farm and resource management has been studied in a number of cultural contexts around the world. Many of these studies reveal difficulties that smallholders encounter in accessing, interpreting and applying forecasts for their own benefit. This study looks at the awareness of and usage of climate forecast information in central Kenya in the aftermath of the 1997/98 El Niño event. Household surveys were conducted in Machakos District, Kenya, in January 2001. Retrospective and concurrent awareness and application of seasonal forecast information was assessed for 240 households across a range of agroecological zones. The results reveal a surprisingly high degree of awareness and use of forecasts. Farmers discussed both actual and potential application of forecasts for both above-normal and below-normal rainfall. The influence of the El Niño event of 1997/98 was clear in their emphasis on strategies to mitigate the impacts of above-normal rainfall. Applications of information in both crop and livestock management are documented. Constraints still exist, such as interpretation of information, relevance of the variables forecast to the management decisions of concern, confidence in the forecasts, and access to resources such as seeds. It is suggested here that collaborative efforts between the forecast providers and the users of information may be directed towards addressing these constraints.
Surface properties of the clean and Au/Pd covered Fe$_3$O$_4$(111): a DFT and DFT+$U$ study
Creators: name: Kiejna, Adam
name: Ossowski, Tomasz
name: Pabisiak, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-density functional theory (DFT) and DFT+$U$ with Hubbard $U$ term accounting for on-site Coulomb interactions were applied to investigate structure, stability, and electronic properties of different terminations of the Fe$_3$O$_4$(111) surface. All terminations of the ferrimagnetic Fe$_3$O$_4$(111) surface exhibit very large (up to 90%) relaxations of the first four interlayer distances, decreasing with the oxide layer depth. Our calculations predict the iron terminated surface to be most stable in a wide range of the accessible values of the oxygen chemical potential. The adsorption of Au and Pd on two stable Fe- and O-terminated surfaces is studied. Our results show that Pd binds stronger than Au both to the Fe- and O-terminated surface. DFT+$U$ gives stronger bonding than DFT. The bonding of both adsorbates to the O-terminated magnetite surface is by 1.5-2.5 eV stronger than to the Fe-terminated surface.
Dust formation around AGB and SAGB stars: a trend with metallicity?
Creators: name: Ventura, P.
name: Di Criscienzo, M.
name: Schneider, R.
name: Carini, R.
name: Valiante, R.
name: D'Antona, F.
name: Gallerani, S.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Tornambe, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the dust formed around AGB and SAGB stars of metallicity Z=0.008 by following the evolution of models with masses in the range 1M
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 2 Tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Social entrepreneurs : the role of entrepreneurial orientation and leadership style in non-profit organizations
Creators: name: Mayberry, Craig Lawrence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Much has been written over the last decade of the importance of social entrepreneurship, and the goal of this research was to determine whether social entrepreneurship was important to the success of the non-profit. This research analyzes the survey responses of 177 non-profit organizations in the United States and Canada in order to determine the influence of leadership style and entrepreneurial orientation on the effectiveness of non-profits. Organizational effectiveness was measured through the ability of the non-profit to accomplish their mission and how much financial stability they had as an organization. It was determined that a transformational leadership style has a positive influence on the ability to accomplish the mission of the organization, while transactional leadership does not influence the effectiveness of the organization. It was also determined that entrepreneurial orientation plays a significant role in the success of the organization and influences both the ability to accomplish the mission of the organization and the financial stability of the organization.
Low-density parity-check codes for quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Chan, Philip
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 103-109
description: The use of low-density parity-check codes for error correction in a quantum key diwtribution protocol is examined. These code are suitable for high speed implementation in hardware because of the potential for parallel computation. With this in mind, the design of parity check matrice is examined and several modification to an existing matrix design metholology are proposed. The matrices designed are characterized, and it is shown that, with minor modification fixed-point arithmetic can be used without degrading the decoding performance. A scalable VHDL implementation of the decoder has been designed. While a parallel decoder with large block length was not possible with the current design, the achievable secret key rate is an improvement over a software implementation by a factor of ten. There are a number of avenues that may be pursued to improve the hardware, and it is recommended that they are investigated in future work.
Smith theory and irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds
Creators: name: Boissiere, Samuel
name: Nieper-Wisskirchen, Marc
name: Sarti, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the cohomological properties of the fixed locus $X^G$ of an automorphism group $G$ of prime order $p$ acting on a variety $X$ whose integral cohomology is torsion-free. We obtain an precise relation between the mod $p$ cohomology of $X^G$ and natural invariants for the action of $G$ on the integral cohomology of $X$. We apply these results to irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds of deformation type of the Hilbert scheme of two points on a K3 surface: the main result of this paper is a formula relating the dimension of the mod $p$ cohomology of $X^G$ with the rank and the discriminant of the invariant lattice in the second cohomology space with integer coefficients of $X$.
description: Some results improved. In particular, the main result holds for order three automorphisms
Additional file 1 of HiCoP, a simple and robust method for detecting interactions of regulatory regions
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan
name: Li, Zhaoqiang
name: Bian, Shasha
name: Zhao, Hao
name: Feng, Delong
name: Chen, Yanhong
name: Hou, Yuhe
name: Liu, Qifa
name: Hao, Bingtao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Additional figures.
The Fama-French factors as proxies for fundamental economic risks
Creators: name: Vassalou, Maria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper provides an economic interpretation for the book-to-market (HML) and size (SMB) factors in the Fama-French model using data from ten developed countries. We show that part of the information in these factors that is priced in equity returns, refers to news about future GDP growth. However, a model that includes only the market factor and news about future GDP growth cannot explain asset returns as well as the Fama-French model does. Our tests reveal that HML and SMB also contain important information about the current default premium. A model that includes the information in HML and SMB about the default premium and news about future GDP growth, together with the market factor, can successfully replicate the performance of the Fama-French model in the US. Our results suggest that HML and SMB summarize information about two state variables: the current default premium and news about future GDP growth.
title: Wina i szkoda jako przesłanki odpowiedzialności
Creators: name: Śmieja, Andrzej
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2019

description: Dostrzegając rosnące znaczenie praktyczne odpowiedzialności z art. 430 k.c., autor poszukuje przyczyn tego zjawiska. Następnie analizuje warunki umożliwiające stosowanie na gruncie art. 430 k.c. koncepcji tzw. winy anonimowej. Rozważa też, czy art. 430 k.c. może stanowić podstawę roszczeń o naprawienie szkody niemajątkowej. Zdaniem autora, w świetle dominującej wykładni art. 448 k.c. byłoby to dopuszczalne jedynie w przypadku naruszenia zdrowia (art. 445 § 1 k.c.), co często stanowiłoby rozwiązanie krzywdzące dla poszkodowanego. Końcowa część artykułu dotyczy potrzeby zmodyfikowania treści art. 429 k.c., gdyż jego aktualna redakcja nie tylko nie odpowiada potrzebom obrotu, ale pośrednio wpływa również na nazbyt szeroką wykładnię art. 430 k.c.
Derivation of fluid dynamics from kinetic theory with the 14--moment approximation
Creators: name: Denicol, G. S.
name: Molnár, E.
name: Niemi, H.
name: Rischke, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the traditional derivation of the fluid-dynamical equations from kinetic theory according to Israel and Stewart. We show that their procedure to close the fluid-dynamical equations of motion is not unique. Their approach contains two approximations, the first being the so-called 14-moment approximation to truncate the single-particle distribution function. The second consists in the choice of equations of motion for the dissipative currents. Israel and Stewart used the second moment of the Boltzmann equation, but this is not the only possible choice. In fact, there are infinitely many moments of the Boltzmann equation which can serve as equations of motion for the dissipative currents. All resulting equations of motion have the same form, but the transport coefficients are different in each case.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, typos fixed and discussions added; EPJA: Topical issue on "Relativistic Hydro- and Thermodynamics"
Record and Transplay: Partial Checkpointing for Replay Debugging
Creators: name: Subhraveti, Dinesh Kumar
name: Nieh, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Software bugs that occur in production are often difficult to reproduce in the lab due to subtle differences in the application environment and nondeterminism. Toward addressing this problem, we present Transplay, a system that captures application software bugs as they occur in production and deterministically reproduces them in a completely different environment, potentially running a different operating system, where the application, its binaries and other support data do not exist. Transplay introduces partial checkpointing, a new mechanism that provides two key properties. It efficiently captures the minimal state necessary to reexecute just the last few moments of the application before it encountered a failure. The recorded state, which typically consists of a few megabytes of data, is used to replay the application without requiring the specific application binaries or the original execution environment. Transplay integrates with existing debuggers to provide facilities such as breakpoints and single-stepping to allow the user to examine the contents of variables and other program state at each source line of the application's replayed execution. We have implemented a Transplay prototype that can record unmodified Linux applications and replay them on different versions of Linux as well as Windows. Experiments with server applications such as the Apache web server show that Transplay can be used in production with modest recording overhead.
Additional file 5 of First Nations Australians’ self-determination in health and alcohol policy development: a Delphi study
Creators: name: E. Stearne, Annalee
name: Lee, K. S. Kylie
name: Allsop, Steve
name: Shakeshaft, Anthony
name: Wright, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S4. Decision-making processes needed policy development for self-determination (Q4). Presents the rankings by proportion for all responses in Q4 for rounds 2 and 3.
Paris Club: Intergovernmental Relations in Debt Restructuring
Creators: name: Cosio-Pascal, Enrique
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
International relations

description: This paper proposes to (1) summarize existing literature on the causes of deforestation and the magnitude of the various forest benefit components; (2) critically discuss the usefulness of forest valuation exercises; (3) discuss the main market failures underlying deforestation; and (4) highlight the relationship between different property rights regimes, market failures, and policy effectiveness.
Microtubules and actin filaments "cross-talk" in cell migration : role of the formin mDia and the tumor suppressor APC
Creators: name: Bartolini, Francesca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cytology

description: Cell migration is a fundamental process throughout the lives of multicellular organisms as well as in the onset of several diseases including cancer formation and metastasis. Microtubules (MTs) and filamentous actin, the two major components of the internal scaffolding of all cell types, are important in several steps of the cell migration cycle and understanding their mutual regulation or "cross-talk" may lead to the development of treatments for controlling tumor invasion or severe developmental aberrations such as some forms of mental retardation. In this paper, I will present an overview on the importance of studying the biochemistry of molecules involved in the regulation of both types of cytoskeleton and summarize my results on the characterization of two key modulators of cell architecture: the actin nucleator mDia and the tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli protein or APC.
Working Paper: Poverty Traps and Climate and Weather Risk: Limitations and Opportunities of Index-based Risk Financing
Creators: name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Barnett, Barry J.
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Chantarat, Sommarat
name: Hansen, James W.
name: Mude, Andrew G.
name: Osgood, Daniel E.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Ward, M. Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Science--Social aspects
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper examines the linkage between climate and weather risks and shocks and poverty traps by integrating diverse literatures on a wide range of related topics that enhance our understanding of how climate and weather shocks impact both poverty and development. That understanding is used to enlighten our evaluation of the potential developmental role of innovations in index-based risk financing for catastrophic climate and weather shocks.