Gindanes variegatus Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Gindanes
Gindanes variegatus

description: Gindanes variegatus Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 1855A4ED-6F31-4ED4-9416-C43CDC581D57  
(Fig. 2 part, 39–40, 252–253)  
 Definition and diagnosis. A specimen from Mato Grosso, Brazil, identified (incorrectly) as Gindanes homer (Evans, 1953) (type locality in Brazil: Mato Grosso) is genetically differentiated from it (Fig. 2): e.g., COI barcodes differ by 4.9% (32 bp). The new species keys (incompletely) to “ Pythonides homer ” (E.41.10) or “ Pythonides herennius herennius ” (E.41.7a) in Evans (1953) and differs from them and Gindanes nides (Mielke and Casagrande, 2002) (type locality in Brazil: Espírito Santo) by a more variegated appearance, larger forewing hyaline spots, conjoined forewing cell spots, and more extensive whitish coloration of ventral hindwing that includes its anterior part: a prominent central brown spot near costa is framed by white on both sides. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly26.1.2:C18T, aly4305.19.19:G123A, aly4305.19.19:G120T,aly264.4.18:C93T,aly253.13.3:G99A, aly276558.27.2:C121C (not A), aly276558.27.2:C144C (not T), aly 1158.11.3:G702G (not A), aly1281.15.3:C82C (not G), aly6954.10.6:C1206C (not T), and COI barcode: A22G, T121T, C205C, C343G, T442C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-19087G12, GenBank OR837639, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGGATTTGGGCAGGAATAATTGGAACATCTTTAAGCCTACTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGTAATCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCAATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTACCCTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAACAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCTCCATCTTTATTATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGTATTGTTGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACAGGATGAACTGTTTATCCGCCTCTTTCTGCTAATATTGCTCATCAAGGTTCATCTGTAGATTTA GCTATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCAGGTATTTCCTCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAACTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAATAATCTTTCAT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTATTTGAGCAGTGGGAATTACAGCATTACTTTTATTATTATCTCTTCCTGTTTTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATATTATT AACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCATTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGTGGGGGTGATCCAATCTTATATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ currently deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 39–40, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [BRASIL: Mato Grosso | Diamantino, 350–400m | Alto Rio Arinos | 14°13′S 56°12′W | 18 August 1990 | Leg. E. Furtado], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19087G12 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01588890], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Gindanes | variegatus Grishin].   
 Type locality. Brazil: Mato Grosso, Diamantino, Alto Rio Arinos, elevation 350-400 m, GPS −14.217, −56.200.   
 Etymology. The name is given for the variegated appearance of this species. The name is a masculine perfect passive participle.   
 Distribution. Known only from the holotype collected in Brazil: Mato Grosso.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362