cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extreme hydrops fetalis and cardiovascular abnormalities in mice lacking a functional Adrenomedullin gene
Creators: name: Caron, K. M.
name: Smithies, O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Adrenomedullin, a recently identified potent vasodilator, is expressed widely and has been suggested to have functions ranging from reproduction to blood pressure regulation. To elucidate these functions and define more precisely sites of Adm expression, we replaced the coding region of the Adm gene in mice with a sequence encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein while leaving the Adm promoter intact. We find that Adm−/− embryos die at midgestation with extreme hydrops fetalis and cardiovascular abnormalities, including overdeveloped ventricular trabeculae and underdeveloped arterial walls. These data suggest that genetically determined absence of Adm may be one cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis in humans.
Failure of ductus arteriosus closure and remodeling in neonatal mice deficient in cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2
Creators: name: Loftin, C. D.
name: Goulet, J. L.
name: Nguyen, M.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Hawkins, B. M.
name: Clark, J. A.
name: Morham, S. G.
name: Langenbach, R.
name: Breyer, M. D.
name: Trivedi, D. B.
name: Koller, B. H.
name: Epstein, J. A.
name: Tiano, H. F.
name: Lee, C. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The transition to pulmonary respiration following birth requires rapid alterations in the structure of the mammalian cardiovascular system. One dramatic change that occurs is the closure and remodeling of the ductus arteriosus (DA), an arterial connection in the fetus that directs blood flow away from the pulmonary circulation. A role for prostaglandins in regulating the closure of this vessel has been supported by pharmacological and genetic studies. The production of prostaglandins is dependent on two cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), which are encoded by separate genes. We report here that the absence of either or both COX isoforms in mice does not result in premature closure of the DA in utero. However, 35% of COX-2(−/−) mice die with a patent DA within 48 h of birth. In contrast, the absence of only the COX-1 isoform does not affect closure of the DA. The mortality (35%) and patent DA incidence due to absence of COX-2 is, however, significantly increased (79%) when one copy of the gene encoding COX-1 is also inactivated. Furthermore, 100% of the mice deficient in both isoforms die with a patent DA within 12 h of birth, indicating that in COX-2-deficient mice, the contribution of COX-1 to DA closure is gene dosage-dependent. Together, these data establish roles for COX-1, and especially for COX-2, in the transition of the cardiopulmonary circulation at birth.
Many-Body Delocalization in Strongly Disordered System with Long-Range Interactions: Finite Size Scaling
Creators: name: Burin, Alexander L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The localization in a disordered system of $N$ interacting spins coupled by the long-range anisotropic interaction $1/R^α$ is investigated using a finite size scaling in a $d=1$ -dimensional system for $N=8, 10, 12, 14$. The results supports the absence of localization in the infinite system at $α<2d$ and a scaling of a critical energy disordering $W_{c} \propto N^{2d-α}$ in agreement with the analytical theory suggesting the energy delocalization in the subset of interacting resonant pairs of spins as a precursor of the many-body delocalization.The spin relaxation rate $k$ dependence on disordering $k \propto W^{-2}$ has been revealed in the practically interesting case $α=d$. This relaxation mechanism can be responsible for the anomalous relaxation of quantum two level systems in amorphous solids.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications
Creators: name: Matese, J. C.
name: Sorlie, T.
name: Tibshirani, R.
name: Jeffrey, S. S.
name: Johnsen, H.
name: Brown, P. O.
name: Lonning, P. E.
name: Quist, H.
name: Botstein, D.
name: Eisen, M. B.
name: Borresen-Dale, A.-L.
name: Hastie, T.
name: Geisler, S.
name: van de Rijn, M.
name: Aas, T.
name: Thorsen, T.
name: Perou, C. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The purpose of this study was to classify breast carcinomas based on variations in gene expression patterns derived from cDNA microarrays and to correlate tumor characteristics to clinical outcome. A total of 85 cDNA microarray experiments representing 78 cancers, three fibroadenomas, and four normal breast tissues were analyzed by hierarchical clustering. As reported previously, the cancers could be classified into a basal epithelial-like group, an ERBB2-overexpressing group and a normal breast-like group based on variations in gene expression. A novel finding was that the previously characterized luminal epithelial/estrogen receptor-positive group could be divided into at least two subgroups, each with a distinctive expression profile. These subtypes proved to be reasonably robust by clustering using two different gene sets: first, a set of 456 cDNA clones previously selected to reflect intrinsic properties of the tumors and, second, a gene set that highly correlated with patient outcome. Survival analyses on a subcohort of patients with locally advanced breast cancer uniformly treated in a prospective study showed significantly different outcomes for the patients belonging to the various groups, including a poor prognosis for the basal-like subtype and a significant difference in outcome for the two estrogen receptor-positive groups.
International Comparison of Rates and Major Functions in the Wholesale Market of Fruits and Vegetables - Mainly Korea, Japan and France
Creators: name: Choi, Byungok
name: Choi, Byungok
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Wholesale Market
subject: Agricultural Marketing
subject: International Comparative

description: This study aims to suggest a strategy for improving policies and revitalizing the wholesale markets along with implications for the essential function and role of the wholesale markets by comparing and analyzing the overseas markets of Japan and France with the wholesale markets of Korea. The fruit and vegetable wholesale markets have been a supporters of the economy around large-scale cities, and have played a role for the public good, (i.e. fair transactions and price stability). However, a significant change has been observed in the function and role of the fruit and vegetable wholesale markets because of the changing market and distribution environment, such as large-scale distributors entering the market. Therefore, it is necessary to know the historical environment in which the wholesale markets of major countries have been created and developed, and how the function and role of the wholesale markets have changed. This knowledge is required for establishing a more efficient strategic policy for distribution related to the fruit and vegetable wholesale markets of Korea.
Genetically increased angiotensin I-converting enzyme level and renal complications in the diabetic mouse
Creators: name: Belair, M.-F.
name: Marre, M.
name: Meneton, P.
name: Bruneval, P.
name: Krege, J. H.
name: Huang, W.
name: Bouby, N.
name: Alhenc-Gelas, F.
name: Heudes, D.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Gallois, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Diabetic nephropathy is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular diseases and has a marked genetic component. A common variant (D allele) of the angiotensin Iconverting enzyme (ACE) gene, determining higher enzyme levels, has been associated with diabetic nephropathy. To address causality underlying this association, we induced diabetes in mice having one, two, or three copies of the gene, normal blood pressure, and an enzyme level range (65–162% of wild type) comparable to that seen in humans. Twelve weeks later, the three-copy diabetic mice had increased blood pressures and overt proteinuria. Proteinuria was correlated to plasma ACE level in the three-copy diabetic mice. Thus, a modest genetic increase in ACE levels is sufficient to cause nephropathy in diabetic mice.
New galactic star clusters discovered in the VVV survey. Candidates projected on the inner disk and bulge
Creators: name: Borissova, J.
name: Chené, A. -N.
name: Alegría, S. Ramírez
name: Sharma, Saurabh
name: Clarke, J. R. A.
name: Kurtev, R.
name: Negueruela, I.
name: Marco, A.
name: Amigo, P.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Bica, E.
name: Bonatto, C.
name: Catelan, M.
name: Fierro, C.
name: Geisler, D.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Hempel, M.
name: Hanson, M. M.
name: Ivanov, V. D.
name: Lucas, P.
name: Majaess, D.
name: Bidin, C. Moni
name: Popescu, B.
name: Saito, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) is one of six ESO Public Surveys using the 4 meter Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA). The VVV survey covers the Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the disk, and one of the principal objectives is to search for new star clusters within previously unreachable obscured parts of the Galaxy. The primary motivation behind this work is to discover and analyze obscured star clusters in the direction of the inner Galactic disk and bulge. Regions of the inner disk and bulge covered by the VVV survey were visually inspected using composite JHKs color images to select new cluster candidates on the basis of apparent overdensities. DR1, DR2, CASU, and PSF photometry of 10x10 arcmin fields centered on each candidate cluster were used to construct color-magnitude and color-color diagrams. Follow-up spectroscopy of the brightest members of several cluster candidates was obtained in order to clarify their nature. We report the discovery of 58 new infrared cluster candidates. Fundamental parameters such as age, distance, and metallicity were determined for 20 of the most populous clusters.
description: 23 pages, 20 figures and 3 tables
Comparison of FTIR sampling methods used to identify polymers found in cultural heritage materials
Creators: name: Scavuzzo, Ashley
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Non-invasive sampling methods are preferred when analyzing cultural heritage materials to determine chemical composition; common techniques include infrared (IR) spectroscopy utilizing external reflectance (ER) or attenuated total reflectance (ATR). However, in some instances, the complex three-dimensional shape of the object prevents the application of these techniques. For this study, the possibility of utilizing diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was evaluated. Specifically, various grits of sandpaper, 600 (coarsest) to 2000 (finest), were employed. Known polymers, including high density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and Nylon 6,6 were abraded by the sandpaper; both systematic rubbing of the polymer against the sandpaper and rubbing of the sandpaper against the polymer were evaluated. The smallest possible amount of sample should be utilized; hence, microgram (μg) quantities were collected and measured using a microbalance. The quality of the resulting IR spectrum was carefully evaluated for each polymer. The major bands (peaks) of each IR spectrum were recorded and compared with reference spectra of the known polymers. The possible use of sandpaper in diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy was investigated as a sampling method for polymer materials found in cultural heritage collections. The results using this method will be compared with the major vibrational modes (bands) detected using ER and ATR sampling techniques.
Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 is involved in vascular endothelial growth factor production in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Creators: name: Yoshizaki, T.
name: Joab, I.
name: Murono, S.
name: Pagano, J. S.
name: Furukawa, M.
name: Inoue, H.
name: Tanabe, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible form of COX and is overexpressed in diverse tumors, raising the possibility of a role for COX-2 in carcinogenesis. In addition, COX-2 contributes to angiogenesis. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), is detected in at least 70% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and all EBV-infected preinvasive nasopharyngeal lesions. We found that in specimens of LMP1-positive NPC, COX-2 is frequently expressed, whereas LMP1-negative NPC rarely express the enzyme. We next found that expression of LMP1 in EBV-negative nasopharyngeal epithelial cells induced COX-2 expression. Coexpression of IκBα(S32A/S36A), which is not phosphorylated and prevents NF-κB activation, with LMP1 showed that NF-κB is essential for induction of COX-2 by LMP1. We also demonstrate that NF-κB is involved in LMP1-induced cox-2 promoter activity with the use of reporter assays. Two major regions of LMP1, designated CTAR1 and CTAR2, are signal-transducing domains of LMP1. Constructs expressing either CTAR1 or CTAR2 induce COX-2 but to a lesser extent than wild-type LMP1, consistent with the ability of both regions to activate NF-κB. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LMP1-induced COX-2 is functional because LMP1 increased production of prostaglandin E2 in a COX-2-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that LMP1 increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Treatment of LMP1-expressing cells with the COX-2-specific inhibitor (NS-398) dramatically decreased production of VEGF, suggesting that LMP1-induced VEGF production is mediated, at least in part, by COX-2. These results suggest that COX-2 induction by LMP1 may play a role in angiogenesis in NPC.
Anisotropy of force distributions in sheared soft particle systems
Creators: name: Boberski, Jens
name: Shaebani, M. Reza
name: Wolf, Dietrich E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this numerical study, measurements of the contact forces inside a periodic two-dimensional sheared system of soft frictional particles are reported. The distribution of normalized normal forces exhibits a gradual broadening with increasing the pure shear deformation, leading to a slower decay for large forces. The process however slows down and the distribution approaches an invariant shape at high shear deformations. By introducing the joint probability distribution in sheared configurations, it is shown that for a fixed direction, the force distribution decays faster than exponentially even in a sheared system. The overall broadening can be attributed to the averaging over different directions in the presence of shear-induced stress anisotropy. The distribution of normalized tangential forces almost preserves its shape for arbitrary applied strain.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
ASSESSING SUPPLEMENTAL INSTRUCTION LEADERS’ INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AND CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE PRACTICES IN NON-TRADITIONAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
Creators: name: Strait, Marquetta I
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Educational technology and computing
Leadership

description: Social justice researchers and practitioners have beckoned post-secondary institutions to provide inclusive and culturally responsive instructional practices that promote students' sense of belonging and empowerment. However, little research has demonstrated how competent intercultural behaviors can connect to one's integration of culturally responsive teaching. Therefore, this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study examined the interplay between these components within a distinguished undergraduate peer learning program, Supplemental Instruction (SI). Undergraduate SI leaders’ behaviors were examined for their intercultural competence level, potential influencers, and valued commitment to diversity and inclusion. This study was supported and guided by Hammer’s (2012) Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC) and Gay's (2018) Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) practices. Quantitative data were collected using Hammer's (2012) Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI), and qualitative data were in the form of interviews and analyses of leaders' session plans. The findings revealed that participants overestimated their intercultural competence. Relatedly, participants expressed concerns of uncertainty beyond solely acknowledging diversity and addressing intercultural insensitivity. Curricular and co-curricular programming were potential influencers to the leaders' intercultural competence knowledge (i.e., cultural self-awareness, culture-general, and culture-specific). Additionally, implications include recommendations for higher education administrators' initiatives for more inclusive and culturally responsive peer-learning programs.
Supplementary document for Superconducting wide strip photon detector with high critical current bank structure - 6580370.pdf
Creators: name: Yabuno, Masahiro
name: China, Fumihiro
name: Terai, H
name: Miki, Shigehito
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental document for methods and additional experimental results
Mechanism of topology simplification by type II DNA topoisomerases
Creators: name: Podtelezhnikov, A. A.
name: Griffith, J. D.
name: Subramanian, D.
name: Rybenkov, V. V.
name: Vologodskii, A. V.
name: Cozzarelli, N. R.
name: Zhang, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Type II DNA topoisomerases actively reduce the fractions of knotted and catenated circular DNA below thermodynamic equilibrium values. To explain this surprising finding, we designed a model in which topoisomerases introduce a sharp bend in DNA. Because the enzymes have a specific orientation relative to the bend, they act like Maxwell's demon, providing unidirectional strand passage. Quantitative analysis of the model by computer simulations proved that it can explain much of the experimental data. The required sharp DNA bend was demonstrated by a greatly increased cyclization of short DNA fragments from topoisomerase binding and by direct visualization with electron microscopy.
Chiral asymmetry in cold QED plasma in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Xia, Lifang
name: Gorbar, E. V.
name: Miransky, V. A.
name: Shovkovy, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction induced chiral asymmetry is calculated in cold QED plasma beyond the weak-field approximation. By making use of the recently developed Landau-level representation for the fermion self-energy, the chiral shift and the parity-even chiral chemical potential function are obtained with the help of numerical methods. The results are used to quantify the chiral asymmetry of the Fermi surface in dense QED matter. Because of the weakness of the QED interactions, the value of the asymmetry appears to be rather small even in the strongest magnetic fields and at the highest stellar densities. However, the analogous asymmetry can be substantial in the case of dense quark matter.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures; published version with minor changes and references added
Experimental percolation studies of two-dimensional honeycomb lattice: Li2Mn1-xTixO3
Creators: name: Lee, Sanghyun
name: Park, Junghwan
name: Kim, Jiyeon
name: Hong, Kun-Pyo
name: Song, Youngmi
name: Park, Je-Geun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Li2MnO3 with a S=3/2 two-dimensional Mn honeycomb lattice has a Neel-type antiferromagnetic transition at TN=36 K with a broad maximum in the magnetic susceptibility at TM=48 K. We have investigated site percolation effects by replacing Mn with nonmagnetic Ti, and completed a full phase diagram of Li2Mn1-xTixO3 solid solution systems to find that the antiferromagnetic transition is suppressed continuously without a clear sign of changes in the Neel-type antiferromagnetic structure. The magnetic ordering eventually disappears at a critical concentration of xc=0.7. This experimental observation is consistent with percolation theories for a honeycomb lattice when one considers up to 3rd nearest-neighbor interactions. This study highlights the importance of interaction beyond nearest neighbors even for Mn element with relative localized 3d electrons in the honeycomb lattice.
description: 6 figures, 1 table J. Phys. Condensed Matter (accepted)
An Optical View of BL Lacertae Objects
Creators: name: Falomo, Renato
name: Pian, Elena
name: Treves, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BL Lac objects are active nuclei, hosted in massive elliptical galaxies, the emission of which is dominated by a relativistic jet closely aligned with the line of sight. This implies the existence of a parent population of sources with a misaligned jet, that have been identified with low-power radiogalaxies. The spectrum of BL Lacs, dominated by non-thermal emission over the whole electromagnetic range, together with bright compact radio cores, high luminosities, rapid and large amplitude flux variability at all frequencies and strong polarization make these sources an optimal laboratory for high energy astrophysics. A most distinctive characteristic of the class is the weakness or absence of spectral lines, that historically hindered the identification of their nature and ever thereafter proved to be a hurdle in the determination of their distance. In this paper we review the main observational facts that contribute to the present basic interpretation of this class of active galaxies. We overview the history of the BL Lac objects research field and their population as it emerged from multi-wavelength surveys. The properties of the flux variability and polarization, compared with those at radio, X-ray and gamma-ray frequencies, are summarized together with the present knowledge of the host galaxies, their environments, and central black hole masses. We focus this review on the optical observations, that played a crucial role in the early phase of BL Lacs studies, and, in spite of extensive radio, X-ray, and recently gamma-ray observations, could represent the future major contribution to the unveiling of the origin of these sources. In particular they could provide a firm conclusion on the long debated issue of the cosmic evolution of this class of active galactic nuclei and on the connection between formation of supermassive black holes and relativistic jets.
description: 44 pages, 21 figure, to appear in The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
Preservation of light signaling to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitamin A-deficient mice
Creators: name: Lai, K.
name: Van Gelder, R. N.
name: Quadro, L.
name: Blaner, W. S.
name: Sancar, A.
name: Gottesman, M. E.
name: Thompson, C. L.
name: Colantuoni, V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: To investigate the role of retinal-based pigments (opsins) in circadian photoreception in mice, animals mutated in plasma retinol binding protein were placed on a vitamin A-free diet and tested for photic induction of gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. After 10 months on the vitamin A-free diet, the majority of mice contained no detectable retinal in their eyes. These mice demonstrated fully intact photic signaling to the suprachiasmatic nucleus as measured by acute mPer mRNA induction in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in response to bright or dim light. The data suggest that a non-opsin pigment is the primary circadian photoreceptor in the mouse.
Evolution of grain size distribution in high-redshift dusty quasars: Integrating large amounts of dust and unusual extinction curves
Creators: name: Nozawa, Takaya
name: Asano, Ryosuke S.
name: Hirashita, Hiroyuki
name: Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discoveries of huge amounts of dust and unusual extinction curves in high-redshift quasars (z > 4) cast challenging issues on the origin and properties of dust in the early universe. In this Letter, we investigate the evolutions of dust content and extinction curve in a high-z quasar, based on the dust evolution model taking account of grain size distribution. First, we show that the Milky-Way extinction curve is reproduced by introducing a moderate fraction (~0.2) of dense molecular-cloud phases in the interstellar medium for a graphite-silicate dust model. Then we show that the peculier extinction curves in high-z quasars can be explained by taking a much higher molecular-cloud fraction (>0.5), which leads to more efficient grain growth and coagulation, and by assuming amorphous carbon instead of graphite. The large dust content in high-z quasar hosts is also found to be a natural consequence of the enhanced dust growth. These results indicate that grain growth and coagulation in molecular clouds are key processes that can increase the dust mass and change the size distribution of dust in galaxies, and that, along with a different dust composition, can contribute to shape the extinction curve.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Supplementary document for Integrated Electro-optic Control of Biphoton Generation Using Hybrid Photonics - 6572445.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoxi
name: Mere, Viphretuo
name: Valdez, Forrest
name: Mookherjea, Shayan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
GAS MANAGEMENT AS POSSIBLE SOLUTION FOR LONG-LIFE LI-ION BATTERIES
Creators: name: CARRA', ANDREA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: This research work has been aimed at developing an innovative analytical methodology, useful to reveal gaseous side products within Li-ion cells. The analytical protocol is based on the coupling of infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Experiments have been carried out on Full Li-ion cell under resting and operative conditions. The time evolution of the most relevant gaseous product (CO2) has been monitored, revealing the conditions during which its generation is induced. The analytical information have been used to project and develop a specific scavenger for CO2 adsorption. The scavenger has been configured in order to be complaint to battery requirements and its reliability has been proved, under battery condition, by the means of an absorption volumetric bench.
Purification and characterization of human DNA damage checkpoint Rad complexes
Creators: name: Hurwitz, J.
name: Bermudez, V. P.
name: Lindsey-Boltz, L. A.
name: Sancar, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Checkpoint Rad proteins function early in the DNA damage checkpoint signaling cascade to arrest cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage. This checkpoint ensures the transmission of an intact genetic complement to daughter cells. To learn about the damage sensor function of the human checkpoint Rad proteins, we purified a heteropentameric complex composed of hRad17-RFCp36-RFCp37-RFCp38-RFCp40 (hRad17-RFC) and a heterotrimeric complex composed of hRad9-hHus1-hRad1 (checkpoint 9-1-1 complex). hRad17-RFC binds to DNA, with a preference for primed DNA and possesses weak ATPase activity that is stimulated by primed DNA and single-stranded DNA. hRad17-RFC forms a complex with the 9-1-1 heterotrimer reminiscent of the replication factor C/proliferating cell nuclear antigen clamp loader/sliding clamp complex of the replication machinery. These findings constitute biochemical support for models regarding the roles of checkpoint Rads as damage sensors in the DNA damage checkpoint response of human cells.
CONSENSUS-BASED CROWDSOURCING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS
Creators: name: GENTA, LORENZO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: Crowdsourcing solutions are receiving more and more attention in the recent literature about social computing and distributed problem solving. In general terms, crowdsourcing can be considered as a social-computing model aimed at fostering the autonomous formation and emergence of the so-called wisdom of the crowd. Quality assessment is a crucial issue for the effectiveness of crowdsourcing systems, both for what concerns task and worker management. Another aspect to be considered in crowdsourcing systems is about the kind of contributions workers can make. Usually, crowdsourcing approaches rely only on tasks where workers have to decide among a predefined set of possible solutions. On the other hand, tasks leaving the workers a higher level of freedom in producing their answer (e.g., free-hand drawing) are more difficult to be managed and verified. In the Thesis, we present the LiquidCrowd approach based on consensus and trustworthiness techniques for managing the xecution of collaborative tasks. By collaborative task, we refer to a task for which a factual answer is not possible/appropriate, or a task whose result depends on the personal perception/point-of-view of the worker. We introduce the notion of worker trustworthiness to denote the worker ?reliability?, namely her/his capability to foster the successful completion of tasks. Furthermore, we improve the conventional score-based mechanism by introducing the notion of award that is a bonus provided to those workers that contribute to reach the consensus within groups. This way, groups with certain trustworthiness requirements can be composed on-demand, to deal with complex tasks, like for example tasks where consensus has not been reached during the first execution. In LiquidCrowd , we define a democratic mechanism based on the notion of supermajority to enable the flexible specification of the expected degree of agreement required for obtaining the consensus within a worker group. In LiquidCrowd , three task typologies are provided: choice, where the worker is asked to choose the answer among a list of predefined options; range, where the worker is asked to provide a free-numeric answer; proposition, where the worker is asked to provide a free text answer. To evaluate the quality of the produced results obtained through LiquidCrowd consensus techniques, we perform a testing against the SQUARE crowdsourcing benchmark. Furthermore, to evaluate the capability of LiquidCrowd to effectively support a real problem, real case studies about web data classification have been selected.
The nuclear receptor PXR is a lithocholic acid sensor that protects against liver toxicity
Creators: name: Klaassen, C. D.
name: Willson, T. M.
name: Kliewer, S. A.
name: Staudinger, J. L.
name: Reinhard, J.
name: Liu, Y.
name: LaTour, A.
name: Hawkins-Brown, D.
name: MacKenzie, K. I.
name: Brown, K. K.
name: Jones, S. A.
name: Goodwin, B.
name: Koller, B. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is the molecular target for catatoxic steroids such as pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), which induce cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) expression and protect the body from harmful chemicals. In this study, we demonstrate that PXR is activated by the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA) and its 3-keto metabolite. Furthermore, we show that PXR regulates the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of bile acids including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and the Na+-independent organic anion transporter 2 (Oatp2). Finally, we demonstrate that activation of PXR protects against severe liver damage induced by LCA. Based on these data, we propose that PXR serves as a physiological sensor of LCA, and coordinately regulates gene expression to reduce the concentrations of this toxic bile acid. These findings suggest that PXR agonists may prove useful in the treatment of human cholestatic liver disease.
SIDERWIN_Concluding_webinar2023_slides
Creators: name: Sernar-Ruiz, Monica
name: Adrados, Aitziber
name: Weber-Zollinger, Valentine
name: Kahmann, Roland
name: Allemand, Jean-Paul
name: Panias, Dimitrios
name: Kounina, Anna
name: Lopes, Daniela
name: Barberousse, Morgan
name: Touhami, Salah
name: Baldini, Andrea
name: Kavaleuski, Andrei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: electrowinning
decarbonization
iron
electrolysis
steelmaking

description: Slides of the SIDERWIN concluing webinar that took place on March 23rd, 2023.
ACTIVATION OF DEFECTIVE WNT PATHWAY IN CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME IN IN VITRO MODELS
Creators: name: PARODI, CHIARA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2022

description: Background: Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disease caused by de novo mutations in cohesin genes. CdLS phenotypic features vary from mild to severe and is characterized by an array of congenital malformations, neurodevelopmental delay, and autism-spectrum disorder. Current hypothesis is that CdLS clinical signs arise from deregulation of developmental molecular pathways, and we have previously shown that canonical WNT pathway is perturbed. In this study, our goal was assessing possible ameliorative effects of canonical WNT pathway chemical activation in Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from CdLS patients and ex vivo FUCCI2 murine neurons. Methods: LCLs from CdLS patients (6) and from healthy donors (4) were exposed to different concentrations of WNT pathway activators: lithium chloride (LiCl), BIO, IQ-1, DCA, CHIRR99021 or vehicle for 24h. Proliferation/death rate were measured using Tripan blue staining, TUNEL and Ki67 assays. CyclinD1 gene expression was analysed by qPCR. Primary cultures of murine neurons from day2 pups (FUCCI2) harvested from cerebellum were cultured and treated with PCI34051(HDAC8 inhibitor) and LiCl for 13 days. Immunostaining for Tuj1 was performed. Results: Upon WNT activation, proliferation rate is restored and CyclinD1 gene expression increased, rescuing physiological levels. Immunostaining for Tuj1 on FUCCI2 primary cultures, markers of neurons, demonstrated that LiCl treatment increases the rate of neuronal differentiation. Conclusions and Perspectives: I confirmed the impairment of WNT canonical pathway in CdLS models and described that WNT activators such as lithium are capable of rescuing adverse phenotype. Due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, clinical trial for lithium in CdLS patients is still under development. During this period, I was part of the team that worked for optimization of a new device for saliva collection and molecular testing to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA ? an exceptional tool for fragile patients such as CdLS. When enrolment begins, I plan to use the new device for COVID-19 surveillance in CdLS patients enrolled in the trial.
Chaos in Kicked Ratchets
Creators: name: Zarlenga, Daniel G.
name: Larrondo, Hilda A.
name: Arizmendi, Miguel
name: Family, Fereydoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a minimal one-dimensional deterministic continuous dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior and complex transport properties. Our model is an overdamped rocking ratchet that is periodically kicked with a delta function potential. We develop an analytical approach that predicts many key features of the system, such as current reversals, as well as the presence of chaotic behavior and bifurcation. We show that our approach can be easily extended to other types of periodic forces, including the square wave.
description: submitted to Physical Review E
MPEC 2023-U268 : 2023 UN9
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UN9

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Sidechain and volatility of cryptocurrencies based on theblockchain technology
Creators: name: Hueber, Olivier
Publisher: name: International Journal of Community Currency Research (IJCCR)
Year: 2019
Subjects: sidechain
community currencies
blockchain
bitcoin
demurrage

description: A cryptocurrency market based on the blockchain technology ischaracterized by the coexistence of a steady-state supply and avolatile e-money's demand. In this study a cointegration testestablishes a long-run relationship between the internal demand ofBitcoins and prices. From this result, we propose to restrain theintrinsic volatility of any cryptocurrency based on the Blockchaintechnology by introducing a sidechain pegged to the parent chain.
Income Inequality of Korea for Urban, Farm and Fishery Households, and Determinants of Household Income
Creators: name: Sung, Myungjae
name: Sung, Myungjae
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: farm household
subject: fishery household
subject: income distribution

description: This paper estimates income inequality of all types of households including farm, fishery, and urban households in Korea. It also investigates income gaps among them by analyzing the determinants of household income. The average household income was KRW 57.2 million, KRW 37.2 million and KRW 43.9 million for urban, farm and fishery households in 2015, respectively. Their Gini coefficients were estimated to be 0.335, 0.425, 0.491, respectively. An additional analysis showed that it was 0.344 for all of the households. Income inequality in each group and the entire pooled sample continuously rose through the period analyzed; between 2003 and 2015. Decomposition analyses based on regression models showed that the income gaps between urban and farm households, as well as between urban and fishery households, stemmed mostly from the differences in educational attainments and household size, and partially from differences in age and gender of head of households.
8-Oxoguanine rearranges the active site of human topoisomerase I
Creators: name: Redinbo, M. R.
name: Lesher, D.-T. T.
name: Stewart, L.
name: Pommier, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is the most common form of oxidative DNA damage in human cells. Biochemical studies have shown that 8-oxoG decreases the DNA cleavage activity of human topoisomerase I, an enzyme vital to DNA metabolism and stability. We present the 3.1-Å crystal structure of human topoisomerase I in noncovalent complex with a DNA oligonucleotide containing 8-oxoG at the +1 position in the scissile strand. We find that 8-oxoG reorganizes the active site of human topoisomerase I into an inactive conformation relative to the structures of topoisomerase I–DNA complexes elucidated previously. The catalytic Tyr-723–Phe rotates away from the DNA cleavage site and packs into the body of the molecule. A second active-site residue, Arg-590, becomes disordered and is not observed in the structure. The docked, inactive conformation of Tyr-723–Phe is reminiscent of the related tyrosine recombinase family of integrases and recombinases, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism. We propose that human topoisomerase I binds to DNA first in an inactive conformation and then rearranges its active site for catalysis. 8-OxoG appears to impact topoisomerase I by stabilizing the inactive, DNA-bound state.
Photonic defect modes in cholesteric liquid crystal with a resonant nanocomposite layer and a twist defect
Creators: name: Vetrov, Stepan Ya.
name: Pyatnov, Maxim V.
name: Timofeev, Ivan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied spectral properties of a cholesteric liquid crystal with a combined defect consisting of a nanocomposite layer and a twist. The nanocomposite layer is made of metallic nanoballs dispersed in a transparent matrix and featuring effective resonant permittivity. A solution has been found for the transmission spectrum of circularly polarized waves in the structure. We have analyzed spectral splitting of the defect mode in the bandgap of the cholesteric when its frequency coincides with the nanocomposite resonant frequency. Defect modes have characteristics strongly dependent on the magnitude and direction of the phase jump at the interface between nanocomposite and cholesteric layers. It has been found that the bandgap width and the position and localization degree of defect modes can be effectively controlled by external fields applied to cholesteric.
description: 11 pages 14pt, v1 in Russian, v2 in English
A note on electrical and thermodynamic properties of Isolated Horizon
Creators: name: Chen, Gerui
name: Wu, Xiaoning
name: Gao, Sijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical laws and Carnot cycle of Isolated Horizon (IH) are investigated in this paper. We establish the Ohm's law and Joule's law of an Isolated Horizon, and find that the conceptual picture of black holes (Membrane Paradigm) can also apply to this kind of quasi-local black holes. We also investigate the geometrical properties near a non-rotating IH, and find that under the first-order approximation of r, there exist a Killing vector and a Hamiltonian conjugate to it, so this vector is a physical observer. We calculate the energy as measured at infinity of a particle at rest outside a non-rotating IH, and use this result to construct a reversible Carnot cycle with the Isolated Horizon as a cold reservoir, which confirms the thermodynamic nature of Isolated Horizon.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
A genetically clamped renin transgene for the induction of hypertension
Creators: name: Gomez, R. A.
name: Morham, S. G.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Kim, H.-S.
name: Lopez, M. L. S. S.
name: Reudelhuber, T. L.
name: James, L. R.
name: Caron, K. M. I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Experimental analysis of the effects of individual components of complex mammalian systems is frequently impeded by compensatory adjustments that animals make to achieve homeostasis. We here introduce a genetic procedure for eliminating this type of impediment, by using as an example the development and testing of a transgene for “genetically clamping” the expression of renin, the major homeostatically responding component of the renin–angiotensin system, one of the most important regulators of blood pressure. To obtain a renin transgene whose expression is genetically clamped at a constant level, we have used single-copy chosen-site gene targeting to insert into a liver-specific locus a single copy of a modified mouse renin transgene driven by a liver-specific promoter/enhancer. The resulting transgene expresses renin ectopically at a constant high level in the liver and leads to elevated plasma levels of prorenin and active renin. The transgenic mice display high blood pressure, enhanced thirst, high urine output, proteinuria, and kidney damage. Treatment with the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, losartan, reduces the hypertension, albuminuria, and kidney damage, but does not affect expression of the transgene. This genetically clamped renin transgene can be used in models in which hypertension and its complications need to be investigated in a high prorenin/renin environment that is not subject to homeostatic compensations by the animal when other factors are changed.
Temperature Dependent Behavior of Thermal Conductivity of Sub-5 nm Ir film: Defect-electron Scattering Quantified by Residual Thermal Resistivity
Creators: name: Cheng, Zhe
name: Xu, Zaoli
name: Xu, Shen
name: Wang, Xinwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By studying the temperature-dependent behavior of electron thermal conductivity (k) in a 3.2 nm-thin film, we quantify the extremely confined defect-electron scattering and reveal the intrinsic phonon-electron scattering that is shared by bulk Ir. At low temperatures below 50 K, the thermal conductivity of the thin film has almost two orders of magnitude reduction from that of the bulk Ir. The thermal conductivity of the film increases with increasing temperature while that of the bulk Ir has an opposite trend. We introduce a unified thermal resistivity to interpret this completely different k-T relation. This residual thermal resistivity provides an unprecedented way to quantitatively evaluating defect-electron scatterings in heat conduction. The interfacial thermal conductance across the grain boundaries is found larger than that of the Al/Cu interface. Its value is proportional to temperature largely because of the electron's specific heat. A unified interfacial thermal conductance is defined and firmly proves such relation. The electron reflection coefficient is found to be large (88%) and almost temperature independent. This means most of the electrons which scatter with the grain boundary would be reflected back and the scatterings are not affected by temperature.