Penthimia
Creators: name: Shobharani, M.
name: Viraktamath, C. A.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Penthimia

description: Key to species of the genus Penthimia of the Indian subcontinent
Males
Note. Female only of P. noctua known.
1 Aedeagal shaft apex hooked (Figs 99, 132)................................................................. 2
- Aedeagal shaft apex not hooked (Figs 77, 124, 137).......................................................... 4
2 Style with apophysis stout, rather straight (Figs 140, 141); apical hook of aedeagus slender (Fig. 142)....... P. distanti Baker
- Style with apophysis slender, uniformly curved in lateral aspect (Figs 96, 130); apical hook of aedeagus stout (Figs. 99, 132)..................................................................................................... 3
3 Aedeagal shaft in basal 0.75 of uniform width, thereafter abruptly narrowed, lacking spicules and lateral serrated ledge (Figs 132, 133)........................................................................ P. meghalayensis sp. nov.
- Aedeagal shaft gradually narrowed from base to apex, with spicules and lateral serrated ledge (Figs 99, 100).................................................................................................... P. curvata sp. nov.
4 Apical apophysis of style recurved, preapical lobe poorly developed (Fig. 122), subgenital plate broadly rounded at base (Fig. 120)................................................................................. P. maculosa Distant
- Apical apophysis of style curved laterally with well developed preapical lobe (Figs 86, 151), subgenital plate relatively narrow at base (Figs 84, 150).................................................................................. 5
5 Apical apophysis of style slender, long, finger-like, curved laterally with apex truncate (Fig. 144).... P. quadrinotata Distant
- Apical apophysis of style not as above..................................................................... 6
6 Aedeagal shaft with subapical flanges on each side (Fig. 76).................................... P. attenuata Distant
- Aedeagal shaft without subapical flanges................................................................... 7
7 Aedeagal shaft with broad dorsal keel (Figs 152, 153)......................................................... 8
- Aedeagal shaft without broad dorsal keel (Figs 162, 169)......................................................9
8 Head black, pronotum, mesonotum and forewings orange brown, claval suture black (Fig. 208, 209); aedeagus relatively short and stout, less than 2.5 times as long as basal width of shaft in lateral view (Fig. 206)..... P. melanocephala de Motschulsky
- Head, pronotum, mesonotum and forewings black, mesonotum with lateral and forewing with pale spots (Fig. 27); aedeagus relatively longer and slender, more than 2.5 times as long as basal width of shaft in lateral view (152, 153).................................................................................................. P. neoattenuata sp. nov.
9 Aedeagal shaft curved posteriorly then anteriorly, with large gonopore on ventral margin (Figs 162, 169, 175)........... 10
- Aedeagal shaft curved postero-dorsally, with small gonopore at apex (Figs 88, 105, 137)............................ 12
10 Aedeagal shaft with ventral margin smoothly curved in lateral view (Fig. 169).................................... 11
- Aedeagal shaft with ventral margin angularly curved sub-basally in lateral view (Fig. 162).............. P. ribhoi sp. nov.
11 Angle between apical apophysis and preapical lobe acute (Fig. 196).................... P. rufopunctata de Motschulsky
- Angle between apical apophysis and preapical lobe obtuse (Fig. 169)........................... P. sahyadrica sp. nov.
12 Aedeagal shaft with serrated lateral margins (Figs 118, 137)................................................... 13
- Aedeagal shaft with smooth lateral margins (105, 180, 189)................................................... 14
13 Aedeagal shaft gradually tapering from base to apex in posterior view (Fig. 138)..................... P. montana Distant
- Aedeagal shaft broadest in middle narrowed both basally and distally in posterior view (Fig. 119)........ P. fraterna Distant
14 Aedeagal shaft tapering distally in lateral view, with dorsal ridge (Fig. 88)........................ P. compacta complex
- Aedeagal shaft not tapering distally in lateral view, without dorsal ridge (Figs 105, 180, 189)......................... 15
15 Forewing with yellowish spots (Figs 12–17), aedeagal shaft compressed (Figs 105–109)................. P. ereba Distant
- Forewing black, with apical area light brown (Figs 35, 37, 39); aedeagal shaft not compressed (Figs 180, 182, 183,189–190).................................................................................................... 16
16 Aedeagal shaft with spicules on lateral margins (Fig 180); clypeus not tumid....................... P. spiculata sp. nov.
- Aedeagal shaft without spicules on lateral margins (Fig. 185); clypeus tumid........................ P. tumida sp. nov.
Females
Notes. Males only are known for P. curvata, P. distanti, P. meghalayensis, P. neoattenuata, P. ribhoi, P. spiculata and P. rufopunctata. Based on the male, four of these species would key out to the second part of couplet 12, i.e., P. curvata, P. distanti, P. meghalayensis and P. spiculata (with the forewings black with caudal area pale brown), two species would key out to the first part of couplet 10, i.e., P. neooattenuata, P. ribhoi, and (forewings black with yellowish spots) and P. rufopunctata would key out to the first part of couplet 5 (vertex black with reddish brown marking).
1 Head as wide as or wider than pronotum (Figs 18, 29, 232, 235, 244, 246, 250, 252)................................. 2
- Head distinctly narrower than pronotum (Figs 3–4)........................................................... 4
2 Length 4.4–5.3mm forewing clavus with greyish spot (Fig. 18, 232, 235)......................................... 3
- Length 5.8–6.4mm, forewing clavus without greyish spot (Figs 244, 246)........................... P. montana Distant
3 Forewing with greyish spot on midlength of costal margin (Figs 18, 235)........................... P. fraterna Distant
- Forewing without greyish spot on midlength of costal margin (Figs 29, 250)..................... P. quadrinotata Distant
4 Crown reddish brown with anterior margin and medial longitudinal fascia black (Fig. 25)........... P. mudonensis Distant
- Crown yellow to orange-yellow with or without reddish marking................................................ 5
5 Crown black with reddish brown marking, sometimes marking comprising a very indistinct spot basally on each side (Figs 21, 242)................................................................................. P. maculosa Distant
- Crown black without marking............................................................................ 6
6 Pronotum orange-brown with or without anterior part black (Fig. 201, 220)........................................ 7
- Pronotum black or mainly black.......................................................................... 8
7 Pronotum orange-brown with anterior part black (Fig. 220); claval suture not black...................................................................................................... P. compacta complex (in part) (see notes)
- Pronotum orange-brown; claval suture black (Fig. 201)............................. P. melanocephala de Motschulsky
8 Scutellum bright yellow with basal angles black (Figs 16, 17, 230).................................. P. ereba Distant
- Scutellum mainly black................................................................................. 9
9 Pronotum black with posterior margin finely edged with yellow to reddish brown (Fig. 224)......................... 10
- Pronotum entirely black............................................................................... 11
10 Forewing with yellowish spots (Fig. 224)........................................... P. attenuata Distant (see Notes)
- Forewings without spots..................................................................... P. juno Distant
11 Forewings black with caudal area pale brown.............................................................. 12
- Forewings black with pale spots, apical area hyaline................................ P. compacta complex (see Notes)
12 Clypeus and clypellus tumid............................................................... P. tumida sp. nov.
- Clypeus and clypellus not tumid.................................................... P. noctua Distant (see Notes)
description: Published as part of Shobharani, M., Viraktamath, C. A. & Webb, M. D., 2018, Review of the leafhopper genus Penthimia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of seven new species, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4369 (1) on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1135478