cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Pandemic Protesters on Telegram
title: How Platform Affordances and Information Ecosystems Shape Digital Counterpublics
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Buehling, Kilian
name: Heft, Annett
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: affordances
subject: connective action
subject: digital mobilization
subject: information ecosystem
subject: Telegram
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: This study analyzes how platform affordances, their appropriation by movement actors, and these actors’ leveraging of information ecosystems—in combination—helped form a digital counterpublic during the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on public communication data sent by more than 300 Telegram channels and group chats affiliated with the Querdenken movement over a 2-year period, and combines automated and manual text classification with network analysis. The study demonstrates how Telegram afforded connective and collective action in distinct ways that reflected the movement’s organizational structure and aims, as well as the impact of individual information-sharing on the process of movement-building itself. Accounting for time-dependent dynamics, the study also found that different parts of the counterpublic latched onto and sustained distinct information ecosystems to articulate their claims and mobilize contentious action.
Blood-Based Markers for Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Function in Eventing Horses before and after Cross-Country Rides and How They Are Influenced by Plasma Volume Shift
Creators: name: Giers, Johanna
name: Bartel, Alexander
name: Kirsch, Katharina
name: Müller, Simon Franz
name: Horstmann, Stephanie
name: Gehlen, Heidrun
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: eventing
subject: cross-country
subject: exercise
subject: recovery
subject: sport horses
subject: cardiac muscle
subject: cardiac troponin I (cTnI)
subject: performance diagnostics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Horses competing in cross-country tests are subjected to high physical demands. Within the scope of this prospective longitudinal study, blood values of 20 elite eventing horses were examined before and after two- to four-star cross-country rides. The aim was to find out whether blood-based markers for skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle function change after cross-country exercise. Parameters that provide information about fluid balance, muscle enzymes, metabolites and cardiac muscle-specific markers were investigated. We developed an approach to eliminate the concentration changes caused by reduced plasma volume. Parameters were measured pre, 10 and 30 min post exercise and the next morning and were evaluated using a mixed model. Thirty minutes after exercise, most parameter concentrations changed in an exercise-dependent manner. The next morning, most exercise-related markers recovered rapidly, while creatine kinase (CK) (26% increase; p = 0.008) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (15% increase; p < 0.001) showed a declining but sustained increase. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) increased above the reference range in 40 of the 55 rides (73%) and in 18 of 20 horses in the morning after exercise.
Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
Creators: name: Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda
name: Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad
name: Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar
name: Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim
name: Baecker, Daniel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: antibiotics
subject: Clostridium tetani
subject: counterfeit medications
subject: disc-diffusion assay
subject: drug quality
subject: Escherichia coli
subject: Nigeria
subject: resistance
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria, was investigated in this case study. Three products, each from different manufacturers, with the active ingredients of ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively, were included in this study. By means of a disc-diffusion assay, the effect against the typed strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as well as Clostridium tetani isolated from soil was tested. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were also used. While antibiotics, with the exception of ciprofloxacin-containing preparations against C. tetani, showed acceptable efficacy against the typed strains by comparison with the clinical science laboratory references, a predominant failure was observed with the clinical isolates. Thus, the investigated drug preparations can be considered of acceptable quality for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. This excludes counterfeits in the sampled preparations. However, the insufficient efficacy against clinical isolates further documents the severity of nosocomial bacteria.
WHAT’S IN THE CHATTERBOX? LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS, WHY THEY MATTER, AND WHAT WE SHOULD DO ABOUT THEM
Creators: name: Okerlund, Johanna
name: Klasky, Evan
name: Middha, Aditya
name: Kim, Sujin
name: Rosenfeld, Hannah
name: Kleinman, Molly
name: Parthasarathy, Shobita
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Large language models, CHatGPT, LLM, text-based datasets, human language
subject: Government, Politics and Law

description: Large language models (LLMs)—machine learning algorithms that can recognize, summarize, translate, predict, and generate human languages on the basis of very large text-based datasets—are likely to provide the most convincing computer-generated imitation of human language yet. Because language generated by LLMs will be more sophisticated and human-like than their predecessors, and because they perform better on tasks for which they have not been explicitly trained, we expect that they will be widely used. Policymakers might use them to assess public sentiment about pending legislation, patients could summarize and evaluate the state of biomedical knowledge to empower their interactions with healthcare professionals, and scientists could translate research findings across languages. In sum, LLMs have the potential to transform how and with whom we communicate.
In Communities We Trust Institutional Failures and Sustained Solutions for Vaccine Hesitancy
Creators: name: Wang, Zixuan
name: Rodriguez Morales, Margarita Maria
name: Husak, Kseniya
name: Kleinman, Molly
name: Parthasarathy, Shobita
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Vaccine, vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19,
subject: Government, Politics and Law

description: In winter 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS- CoV-2) that caused COVID-19 started its spread across the globe, and by July 2020, over 500,000 people worldwide had died of the disease. By March 2021, there were over 120 million cases and over 2.8 million deaths. To combat the pandemic and return to “normalcy”, experts estimate that at least 80% of the world’s population needs to be resistant to the virus, and most of the world’s population will require vaccination. This will be a challenge. In addition to facilitating widespread distribution, governments will need to combat “vaccine hesitancy”: an individual’s reluctance to get vaccinated or vaccinate their children. In the United States, 71% of the adult population says it is willing to get vaccinated, and the numbers are much lower in Europe (Ipsos & World Economic Forum, 2020; Summers, 2021). Contrary to popular belief, not all vaccine hesitancy is the same. Nor is it simply the result of ignorance or antipathy towards science. At its root, vaccine hesitancy is about institutional mistrust. Communities question whether their governments, and scientific, technological, and medical institutions, really represent their needs and priorities. Long legacies of mistreatment of marginalized communities further fuels this mistrust. In this report, we examine analogical case studies that help us understand the roots of institutional distrust and ultimately, vaccine hesitancy. This method allows us to systematically analyze previous examples of the relationships between science, technology, policy, and society to understand the consequences and challenges of new technology. Our analysis identifies sources of public mistrust and anticipates better approaches for establishing community trust, especially for those from marginalized or disadvantaged backgrounds. We reveal two main causes of public mistrust: 1. limitations and failures in scientific and technical institutions, and 2. institutionalized mistreatment of marginalized communities. Both, we argue, ultimately help to legitimate the circulation of false information and sow vaccine hesitancy. On the basis of this analysis, we provide recommendations to help restore public trust, and use additional model cases to describe how they might be implemented.
Development of an HPLC-MS/MS Method for Chiral Separation and Quantitation of (R)- and (S)-Salbutamol and Their Sulfoconjugated Metabolites in Urine to Investigate Stereoselective Sulfonation
Creators: name: Harps, Lukas Corbinian
name: Jendretzki, Annika Lisa
name: Wolf, Clemens Alexander
name: Girreser, Ulrich
name: Wolber, Gerhard
name: Parr, Maria Kristina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: enzymatic stereoselectivity
subject: molecular docking
subject: bioanalysis
subject: quality-by-design
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a chiral HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of (R)-/(S)-salbutamol and (R)-/(S)-salbutamol-4′-O-sulfate in human urine to allow for bioanalytical quantitation of the targeted analytes and investigations of stereoselectivity in the sulfonation pathway of human phase Ⅱ metabolism. For analytical method development, a systematic screening of columns and mobile phases to develop a separation via enantiomerically selective high performance liquid chromatography was performed. Electrospray ionization settings were optimized via multiple-step screening and a full factorial design-of-experiment. Both approaches were performed matrix-assisted and the predicted values were compared. The full factorial design was superior in terms of prediction power and knowledge generation. Performing a longitudinal excretion study in one healthy volunteer allowed for the calculation of excretion rates for all four targeted analytes. For this proof-of-concept, either racemic salbutamol or enantiopure levosalbutamol was administered perorally or via inhalation, respectively. A strong preference for sulfonation of (R)-salbutamol for inhalation and peroral application was found in in vivo experiments. In previous studies phenol sulfotransferase 1A3 was described to be mainly responsible for salbutamol sulfonation in humans. Thus, in vitro and in silico investigations of the stereoselectivity of sulfotransferase 1A3 complemented the study and confirmed these findings.
title: Η ανάπτυξη των τοπικών κοινωνιών μέσω της εφαρμογής του προγράμματος CLLD / LEADER την περίοδο 2014-2020. Η περίπτωση της Μεσσηνίας
title: The development of local communities through the implementation of the CLLD / LEADER programme for the period 2014-2020. The case of Messinia
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Τσαντύλα, Αθηνά
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πελοποννήσου
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Περιφερειακός προγραμματισμός
subject: Οικονομική ανάπτυξη
subject: Τοπική αυτοδιοίκηση--Ελλάδα
subject: Κοινοτική πρωτοβουλία Leader -- Εφαρμογή -- Μεσσηνία (Νομός)
subject: Leader (Επιχειρησιακό Πρόγραμμα Κοινοτικής Πρωτοβουλίας) -- Ελλάδα -- Μεσσηνία (Νομός)
subject: Κοινοτική χρηματοδότηση
subject: Πρόγραμμα CLLD / LEADER
subject: Σύγκλιση
subject: Νομός Μεσσηνίας
subject: Community funding
subject: CLLD/Leader programme
subject: Convergence
subject: Prefecture of Messinia

description: Αρ. Εισ.: 109 cd
description: Η ανάπτυξη των τοπικών κοινοτήτων μέσω της εφαρμογής του προγράμματος CLLD/LEADER είναι το θέμα της παρούσας εργασίας. Τα κοινοτικά προγράμματα αποτελούν ένα κρίσιμο εργαλείο για την επίτευξη σύγκλισης μεταξύ των κρατών μελών και διαδραματίζουν επίσης σημαντικό ρόλο στην επίτευξη περιφερειακής σύγκλισης εντός των επιμέρους κρατών. Παρά τις επενδύσεις, η σύγκλιση αυτή δεν έχει ακόμη επιτευχθεί και συχνά υπάρχουν μεγάλες διαφορές. Το πρόγραμμα Leader έχει μια φιλοσοφία που επικεντρώνεται στην ανακάλυψη εκείνων των στοιχείων που θα επιτρέψουν στις περιφέρειες να γίνουν πιο ανταγωνιστικές και αποτελεσματικές με βάση τα δικά τους μοναδικά χαρακτηριστικά, προκειμένου να εκπληρώσουν τους στρατηγικούς στόχους της μείωσης των ανισοτήτων και των ανισοτήτων. Το άρθρο εξετάζει πώς το πρόγραμμα Leader εφαρμόστηκε στο νομό Μεσσηνίας και πώς βοήθησε την τοπική κοινωνία να αναπτυχθεί. Αν και θα μπορούσε να υιοθετηθεί μια ευρύτερη και μακροπρόθεσμη προοπτική, το σημαντικότερο συμπέρασμα είναι ότι οι πρωτοβουλίες και οι παρεμβάσεις έχουν στρατηγική εστίαση προς τις απαιτήσεις που υπάρχουν στην περιοχή. Διαπιστώνεται ότι ο οργανισμός διαθέτει μια οργανωτική δομή στην οποία εκπροσωπούνται όλοι οι εμπλεκόμενοι φορείς και ότι έχει δημιουργήσει ένα πρόγραμμα που ανταποκρίνεται στα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά της περιοχής. Ο τουρισμός και η γεωργία, που αποτελούν τους δύο βασικούς πυλώνες ανάπτυξης της περιοχής, προσέλκυσαν περισσότερο την προσοχή των ιδιωτικών φορέων. Ωστόσο, ο φορέας μπορεί να έχει εκπαιδεύσει τους αποδέκτες σχετικά με ορισμένους βασικούς παράγοντες που έχουν αγνοηθεί επειδή θεωρούνται έμμεσοι, όπως η καινοτομία και η τεχνογνωσία.
Dendritic Glycerol-Cholesterol Amphiphiles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparison between Monomeric and Polymeric Structures
Creators: name: Romero, Jocelyn Fernanda
name: Herziger, Svenja
name: Cherri, Mariam
name: Dimde, Mathias
name: Achazi, Katharina
name: Mohammadifar, Ehsan
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: polyglycerol dendron
subject: cholesterol
subject: RAFT polymerization
subject: polymeric amphiphiles
subject: drug delivery
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The application of micelles as drug delivery systems has gained a great deal of attention as a means to overcome the current several drawbacks present in conventional cancer treatments. In this work, we highlight the comparison of polymeric and monomeric amphiphilic systems with a similar hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) in terms of their biocompatibility, aggregation behavior in aqueous solution, and potential in solubilizing hydrophobic compounds. The polymeric system consists of non-ionic polymeric amphiphiles synthesized via sequential RAFT polymerization of polyglycerol first-generation [G1] dendron methacrylate and cholesterol methacrylate to obtain poly(G1-polyglycerol dendron methacrylate)-block-poly(cholesterol methacrylate) (pG1MA-b-pCMA). The monomeric system is a polyglycerol second-generation [G2] dendron end-capped to a cholesterol unit. Both amphiphiles form spherical micellar aggregations in aqueous solution, with differences in size and the morphology in which hydrophobic molecules can be encapsulated. The polymeric and monomeric micelles showed a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.2 and 17 μg/mL, respectively. The results of our cytotoxicity assays showed that the polymeric system has significantly higher cell viability compared to that of the monomeric amphiphiles. The polymeric micelles were implemented as drug delivery systems by encapsulation of the hydrophobic small molecule doxorubicin, achieving a loading capacity of 4%. In summary, the results of this study reveal that using cholesterol as a building block for polymer synthesis is a promising method of preparation for efficient drug delivery systems while improving the cell viability of monomeric cholesterol.
Life Cycle ImpactModeling of Global Warming on Net Primary Production: A Case Study of Biodiesel in Thailand
Creators: name: Chantima Rewlay-Ngoen, Seksan Papong
Publisher: name: คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Year: 2013
Subjects: Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA)/ LIME/ Life cycle assessment (LCA)/ Net primary productivity (NPP)/ Global warming

description: 1, 11, Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Chern classes of Deligne-Mumford stacks and their coarse moduli spaces
Creators: name: Tseng, Hsian-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $X$ be a complex projective algebraic variety with Gorenstein quotient singularities and $\X$ a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack having $X$ as its coarse moduli space. We show that the CSM class $c^{SM}(X)$ coincides with the pushforward to $X$ of the total Chern class $c(T_{I\X})$ of the inertia stack $I\X$. We also show that the stringy Chern class $c_{str}(X)$ of $X$, whenever is defined, coincides with the pushforward to $X$ of the total Chern class $c(T_{II\X})$ of the double inertia stack $II\X$. Some consequences concerning stringy/orbifold Hodge numbers are deduced.
description: v1:Preliminary version, comments are very welcome! v2: Revised and slightly expanded version
The ionizing radiation from massive stars and its impact on HII regions: results from modern model atmospheres
Creators: name: Simón-Díaz, S.
name: Stasińska, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed comparison of the ionizing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) predicted by four modern stellar atmosphere codes, TLUSTY, CMFGEN, WMbasic, and FASTWIND. We consider three sets of stellar parameters representing a late O-type dwarf (O9.5 V), a mid O-type (O7 V) dwarf, and an early O-type dwarf (O5.5 V). We explore two different possibilities for such a comparison, following what we called evolutionary and observational approaches: in the evolutionary approach one compares the SEDs of stars defined by the same values of Teff and logg; in the observational approach the models to be compared do not necessarily have the same Teff and logg, but produce similar H and HeI-II optical lines. We find that there is a better agreement, in terms of Q(H0), the ratio Q(He0)/Q(H0), and the shape of the SEDs predicted by the four codes in the spectral range between 13 and 30 eV, when models are compared following the observational approach. However, even in this case, large differences are found at higher energies. We then discuss how the differences in the SEDs may affect the overall properties of surrounding nebulae in terms of temperature and ionization structure. We find that the effect over the nebular temperature is not larger than 300-350 K. Contrarily, the different SEDs produce significantly different nebular ionization structures. This will lead to important consequences on the establishment of the ionization correction factors that are used in the abundance determination of HII regions, as well as in the characterization of the ionizing stellar population from nebular line ratios.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 13 pags, 6 figs
Explosive Events and the Evolution of the Photospheric Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Muglach, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition region explosive events have long been suggested as direct signatures of magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere. In seeking further observational evidence to support this interpretation, we study the relation between explosive events and the evolution of the solar magnetic field as seen in line-of-sight photospheric magnetograms. We find that about 38% of events show changes of the magnetic structure in the photosphere at the location of an explosive event over a time period of 1 h. We also discuss potential ambiguities in the analysis of high sensitivity magnetograms.
Quantum Phase Transition in the Itinerant Antiferromagnet (V0.9Ti0.1)2O3
Creators: name: Kadowaki, Hiroaki
name: Motoya, Kiyoichiro
name: Sato, Taku J.
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Fernandez-Baca, J. A.
name: Kikuchi, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-critical behavior of the itinerant electron antiferromagnet (V0.9Ti0.1)2O3 has been studied by single-crystal neutron scattering. By directly observing antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic phase, we have shown that the characteristic energy depends on temperature as c_1 + c_2 T^{3/2}, where c_1 and c_2 are constants. This T^{3/2} dependence demonstrates that the present strongly correlated d-electron antiferromagnet clearly shows the criticality of the spin-density-wave quantum phase transition in three space dimensions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
THE CHESS IN SCHOOLS PROJECT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF THE PUBLIC GOOD
Creators: name: Smetana, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The article analyzes the social project "chess in schools" in the format of publicprivate partnership in the context of the theory of the public good. The evolutionary patterns of the development of the theory of the public good, scientific schools and the logic of the transformation of the theory from general reflections on the public good to a consistent introduction into the world economy are considered. The legislative consolidation of the principles of the theory of the public good in international acts and further in the Russian law of individual legislative decisions contribute to the promotion of the public good at the state level. The social project "chess in schools" reflects the logic of the project and the role of the project participants (the Timchenko Foundation, the Chess Federation of Russia, the regions of the Russian Federation and the Chess Federation of the Russia regions) to achieve the public good in a fundamentally new format.
A tutorial on individualized treatment effect prediction from randomized trials with a binary endpoint
Creators: name: Hoogland, J
name: IntHout, J
name: Belias, M
name: Rovers, MM
name: Riley, RD
name: Harrell, FE
name: Moons, KGM
name: Debray, TPA
name: Reitsma, JB
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Randomized trials typically estimate average relative treatment effects, but decisions on the benefit of a treatment are possibly better informed by more individualized predictions of the absolute treatment effect. In case of a binary outcome, these predictions of absolute individualized treatment effect require knowledge of the individual's risk without treatment and incorporation of a possibly differential treatment effect (i.e. varying with patient characteristics). In this paper we lay out the causal structure of individualized treatment effect in terms of potential outcomes and describe the required assumptions that underlie a causal interpretation of its prediction. Subsequently, we describe regression models and model estimation techniques that can be used to move from average to more individualized treatment effect predictions. We focus mainly on logistic regression-based methods that are both well-known and naturally provide the required probabilistic estimates. We incorporate key components from both causal inference and prediction research to arrive at individualized treatment effect predictions. While the separate components are well known, their successful amalgamation is very much an ongoing field of research. We cut the problem down to its essentials in the setting of a randomized trial, discuss the importance of a clear definition of the estimand of interest, provide insight into the required assumptions, and give guidance with respect to modeling and estimation options. Simulated data illustrates the potential of different modeling options across scenarios that vary both average treatment effect and treatment effect heterogeneity. Two applied examples illustrate individualized treatment effect prediction in randomized trial data.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, 1 ancillary file
Monitoring corrosion levels of fly-ash concrete reinforcement
using electromagnetic method
Creators: name: Jumpol Itsarawisut
name: Somchat Sonasang
name: Thosapol Manasri
name: Prinya Chindaprasirt
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen Univeristy
Year: 2012
Subjects: Electromagnetic,Reinforcing,Magnetic reluctance,Concrete,Corrosion

description: 4, 39, KKU Engineering Journal
Behavioral observations, heart rate and heart rate variability in horses following oral administration of a cannabidiol containing paste in three escalating doses (part 1/2)
Creators: name: Eichler, Fabienne
name: Ehrle, Anna
name: Jensen, Charlotte
name: Baudisch, Natalie
name: Petersen, Hannah
name: Bäumer, Wolfgang
name: Lischer, Christophorus
name: Wiegard, Mechthild
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: behavior
subject: CBD
subject: equine
subject: aceSed
subject: Horse Grimace Scale
subject: sedation score
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Cannabidiol (CBD) products have been proposed to exert stress- and anxiety-relieving effects in animals. Despite the increasing popularity of CBD for veterinary use, the available research detailing the effects of CBD in horses is limited. The aim of this study (part 1 of 2) was to analyze stress parameters via behavioral observations and heart rate monitoring in healthy horses following single oral administration of a CBD containing paste in different doses. Study products were two pastes for oral administration, one containing CBD and one containing no active ingredient. Pastes were applied as single administrations in consecutive trials with escalating dosages (doses: 0.2, 1.0, 3.0 mg CBD/kg) to a treatment (trial 1: n = 3, trial 2: n = 3, trial 3: n = 5 horses) and a control group (trial 1: n = 3, trial 2: n = 3, trial 3: n = 6 horses) with minimum wash-out periods of seven days in between. Behavioral parameters were evaluated using video recordings to score the levels of sedation including the horses' reactions to acoustic and visual stimuli. Facial expression was assessed using photographs. Evaluation was based on the previously described facial sedation scale for horses (FaceSed) and the Horse Grimace Scale. For baseline values, identical observations were recorded on the day before each paste administration. Both paste administration and behavioral evaluation were performed double blinded. Cardiac beat-to-beat (R-R) intervals were continuously recorded throughout the trial and assessed using heart rate and heart rate variability parameters. Statistical analysis included comparison between treatment and control group over escalating doses and time points using linear mixed models. The CBD paste was well tolerated, and no side effects were observed. Analysis of sedation scores and facial expressions did not indicate significant differences between treatment and control group over the escalating doses. The heart rate was neither reduced, nor were significant changes in heart rate variability observed compared to the control group. Main limitation of this study is the small sample size. Further research is required to determine adequate doses and indications for the use of CBD products in horses.
OA Books Workouts, episode 2. Interview with Lucy Montgomery.
Creators: name: Open Access Books Network
name: Montgomery, Lucy
name: Sondervan, Jeroen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This interview is one of the outputs of the online series OA Books Workouts: Scholars at Work, a project of the Open Access Books Network. The aim of the series is to share good practices regarding the writing, production, and technicalities of publishing an open access book. The Open Access Books Network is an open network for anyone interested in open access books, whether as a researcher, a publisher, a librarian, a student, an infrastructure provider, or a reader. It is free to join and open to all. For more info, look at: https://hcommons.org/groups/open-access-books-network/
WaveTrain: A Python package for numerical quantum mechanics of chain-like systems based on tensor trains
Creators: name: Riedel, Jerome
name: Gelß, Patrick
name: Klein, Rupert
name: Schmidt, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Excitons
subject: Phonons
subject: Energy production
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: WaveTrain is an open-source software for numerical simulations of chain-like quantum systems with nearest-neighbor (NN) interactions only. The Python package is centered around tensor train (TT, or matrix product) format representations of Hamiltonian operators and (stationary or time-evolving) state vectors. It builds on the Python tensor train toolbox Scikit_tt, which provides efficient construction methods and storage schemes for the TT format. Its solvers for eigenvalue problems and linear differential equations are used in WaveTrain for the time-independent and time-dependent Schrödinger equations, respectively. Employing efficient decompositions to construct low-rank representations, the tensor-train ranks of state vectors are often found to depend only marginally on the chain length N. This results in the computational effort growing only slightly more than linearly with N, thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality. As a complement to the classes for full quantum mechanics, WaveTrain also contains classes for fully classical and mixed quantum–classical (Ehrenfest or mean field) dynamics of bipartite systems. The graphical capabilities allow visualization of quantum dynamics “on the fly,” with a choice of several different representations based on reduced density matrices. Even though developed for treating quasi-one-dimensional excitonic energy transport in molecular solids or conjugated organic polymers, including coupling to phonons, WaveTrain can be used for any kind of chain-like quantum systems, with or without periodic boundary conditions and with NN interactions only. The present work describes version 1.0 of our WaveTrain software, based on version 1.2 of scikit_tt, both of which are freely available from the GitHub platform where they will also be further developed. Moreover, WaveTrain is mirrored at SourceForge, within the framework of the WavePacket project for numerical quantum dynamics. Worked-out demonstration examples with complete input and output, including animated graphics, are available.
Quantum interference and spin-charge separation in a disordered Luttinger liquid
Creators: name: Yashenkin, A. G.
name: Gornyi, I. V.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
name: Polyakov, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of spin on the quantum interference of interacting electrons in a single-channel disordered quantum wire within the framework of the Luttinger liquid (LL) model. The nature of the electron interference in a spinful LL is particularly nontrivial because the elementary bosonic excitations that carry charge and spin propagate with different velocities. We extend the functional bosonization approach to treat the fermionic and bosonic degrees of freedom in a disordered spinful LL on an equal footing. We analyze the effect of spin-charge separation at finite temperature both on the spectral properties of single-particle fermionic excitations and on the conductivity of a disordered quantum wire. We demonstrate that the notion of weak localization, related to the interference of multiple-scattered electron waves and their decoherence due to electron-electron scattering, remains applicable to the spin-charge separated system. The relevant dephasing length, governed by the interplay of electron-electron interaction and spin-charge separation, is found to be parametrically shorter than in a spinless LL. We calculate both the quantum (weak localization) and classical (memory effect) corrections to the conductivity of a disordered spinful LL. The classical correction is shown to dominate in the limit of high temperature.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, 1 table
Positive streamers in air and nitrogen of varying density: experiments on similarity laws
Creators: name: Briels, T. M. P.
name: van Veldhuizen, E. M.
name: Ebert, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positive streamers in ambient air at pressures from 0.013 to 1 bar are investigated experimentally. The voltage applied to the anode needle ranges from 5 to 45 kV, the discharge gap from 1 to 16 cm. Using a "slow" voltage rise time of 100 to 180 ns, the streamers are intentionally kept thin. For each pressure p, we find a minimal diameter d_{min}. To test whether streamers at different pressures are similar, the minimal streamer diameter d_{min} is multiplied by its pressure p; we find this product to be well approximated by p*d_{min}=0.20 \pm 0.02 mm*bar over two decades of air pressure at room temperature. The value also fits diameters of sprite discharges above thunderclouds at an altitude of 80 km when extrapolated to room temperature (as air density rather than pressure determines the physical behavior). The minimal velocity of streamers in our measurements is approximately 0.1 mm/ns = 10^5 m/s. The same minimal velocity has been reported for tendrils in sprites. We also investigate the size of the initial ionization cloud at the electrode tip from which the streamers emerge, and the streamer length between branching events. The same quantities are also measured in nitrogen with a purity of approximately 99.9 %. We characterize the essential differences with streamers in air and find a minimal diameter of p*d_{min}=0.12 \pm 0.02 mm*bar in our nitrogen.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, accepted for J. Phys. D
AUGNLG: Few-shot Natural Language Generation using Self-trained Data Augmentation
Creators: name: Xu, Xinnuo
name: Wang, Guoyin
name: Kim, Young-Bum
name: Lee, Sungjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Natural Language Generation (NLG) is a key component in a task-oriented dialogue system, which converts the structured meaning representation (MR) to the natural language. For large-scale conversational systems, where it is common to have over hundreds of intents and thousands of slots, neither template-based approaches nor model-based approaches are scalable. Recently, neural NLGs started leveraging transfer learning and showed promising results in few-shot settings. This paper proposes AUGNLG, a novel data augmentation approach that combines a self-trained neural retrieval model with a few-shot learned NLU model, to automatically create MR-to-Text data from open-domain texts. The proposed system mostly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the FewShotWOZ data in both BLEU and Slot Error Rate. We further confirm improved results on the FewShotSGD data and provide comprehensive analysis results on key components of our system. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/XinnuoXu/AugNLG.
The cosmic microwave background and mass power spectrum profiles for a novel and efficient model of dark energy
Creators: name: Matos, Tonatiuh
name: Tellez-Tovar, Luis Osvaldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous work it was shown that by considering the quantum nature of the gravitational field mediator, it is possible to introduce the momentum energy of the graviton into the Einstein equations as an effective cosmological constant. The Compton Mass Dark Energy (CMaDE) model proposes that this momentum can be interpreted as dark energy, with a Compton wavelength given by the size of the observable universe $R_H$, implying that the dark energy varies depending on this size. The main result of this previous work is the existence of an effective cosmological constant $Λ=2π^2/λ^2$ that varies very slowly, being $λ=(c/H_0) R_H$ the graviton Compton wavelength. In the present work we use that the dark energy density parameter is given by $Ω_Λ=2π^2/3/R_H^2$, it only has the curvature $Ω_k$ as a free constant and depends exclusively on the radiation density parameter $Ω_r$. Using $Ω_{0r} = 9.54\times10^{- 5}$, the theoretical prediction for a flat universe of the dark energy density parameter is $Ω_{0Λ} = 0.6922$. We perform a general study for a non-flat universe, using the Planck data and a modified version of the CLASS code we find an excellent concordance with the Cosmic Microwave Background and Mass Power Spectrum profiles, provided that the Hubble parameter today is $H_0 = 72.6$ km/s/Mpc for an universe with curvature $Ω_{0k}=-0.003$. We conclude that the CMaDE model provides a natural explanation for the accelerated expansion and the coincidence problem of the universe.
A SCOPING REVIEW ON FENTANYL AND XYLAZINE TEST STRIP USE AMONG PEOPLE WHO USE DRUGS: A PROTOCOL
Creators: name: Ramsey, Haley
name: Marks, Katherine
name: Robinson, Cayla
name: Taylor, Rachel
name: Cook, Kara
name: Walsh, Sharon
name: Vickers-Smith, Rachel
name: Fallin-Bennett, Amanda
name: Theis, Melissa
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: PROJECT ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Fentanyl and xylazine drug checking technologies consist of several diagnostic techniques with varying sensitivities and specificities that are used to detect the presence of fentanyl and its analogs and xylazine, respectively, in an unregulated drug supply. The most common technologies are rapid test strips (i.e., lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay), which are small and easy to carry and therefore can be used nearly anywhere at any time. Rapid drug test strips are becoming more readily available as harm reduction tools to prevent overdose among people who use drugs. Even though access and availability for the strips is increasing, it is unclear whether the end users want them or find them useful. The purpose of this review is to summarize describe the current body of literature on rapid drug tests among people who use drugs and identify any existing gaps in the science of rapid drug tests.

METHODOLOGY:
A systematic search for studies examining rapid drug testing strips (i.e., fentanyl test strips and xylazine test strips) will be conducted by a medical librarian across MEDLINE PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL Complete and PsycInfo (EBSOChost), Web of Science Core Collection and the Dissertations & Theses index (Clarivate), and Google Scholar. Grey literature will be sourced from Web of Science, and on government and professional organization websites by the research team.

CONCLUSION:
Results of this review may help researchers and funding bodies understand the demand for and utility of rapid drug tests as a harm reduction tool among people who use drugs.
The Formation of M101-alike Galaxies in the Cold Dark Matter Model
Creators: name: Zhang, Dali
name: Luo, Yu
name: Kang, Xi
name: Qu, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The population of satellite galaxies in a host galaxy is a combination of the cumulative accretion of subhaloes and their associated star formation efficiencies, therefore, the luminosity distribution of satellites provides valuable information of both dark matter properties and star formation physics. Recently, the luminosity function of satellites in nearby Milky Way-mass galaxies has been well measured to satellites as faint as Leo I with $M_{V} \sim -8$. In addition to the finding of the diversity in the satellite luminosity functions, it has been noticed that there is a big gap among the magnitude of satellites in some host galaxies, such as M101, where the gap is around 5 in magnitude, noticeably larger than the prediction from the halo abundance matching method. The reason of this gap is still unknown. In this paper, we use a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation, combined with high-resolution N-body simulation, to investigate the probability and origin of such big gap in M101-alike galaxies. We found that, although M101 analogues are very rare with probability of \sim 0.1%-0.2% in the local universe, their formation is a natural outcome of the CDM model. The gap in magnitude is mainly due to the mass of the accreted subhaloes, not from the stochastic star formation in them. We also found that the gap is correlated with the total satellite mass and host halo mass. By tracing the formation history of M101 type galaxies, we find that they likely formed after $z \sim 1$ due to the newly accreted bright satellites. The gap is not in a stable state, and it will disappear in ~7 Gyr due to mergers of bright satellites with the central galaxy.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Differential rotation of the solar transition region from STEREO/EUVI 30.4 nm images
Creators: name: Sharma, Jaidev
name: Kumar, Brajesh
name: Malik, Anil K
name: Vats, Hari Om
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar photosphere, chromosphere and corona are known to rotate differentially as a function of latitude. To date, it is unclear if the solar transition region also rotates differentially. In this paper, we investigate differential rotational profile of solar transition region as a function of latitude, using solar full disk (SFD) images at 30.4 nm wavelength recorded by Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) onboard Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) space mission for the period from 2008 to 2018 (Solar Cycle 24). Our investigations show that solar transition region rotates differentially. The sidereal rotation rate obtained at +/- 5 degree equatorial band is quite high (~ 14.7 degree/day), which drops to ~ 13.6 degree/day towards both polar regions. We also obtain that the rotational differentiality is low during the period of high solar activity (rotation rate varies from 14.86 to 14.27 degree/day) while it increases during the ascending and the descending phases of the 24th solar cycle (rotation rate varies from 14.56 to 13.56 degree/day in 2008 and 14.6 to 13.1 degree/day in 2018). Average sidereal rotation rate (over SFD) follows the trend of solar activity (maximum ~ 14.97 degree/day during the peak phase of the solar activity, which slowly decreases to minimum ~ 13.9 degree/day during ascending and the descending phases of the 24th solar cycle). We also observe that solar transition region rotates less differentially than the corona.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
How rare are counter Evershed flows?
Creators: name: Durán, J. Sebastián Castellanos
name: Lagg, Andreas
name: Solanki, Sami K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main characteristics of the penumbra of sunspots is the radially outward-directed Evershed flow. Only recently have penumbral regions been reported with similar characteristics to normal penumbral filaments, but with an opposite direction of the flow. Such flows directed towards the umbra are known as counter Evershed flows (CEFs). We aim to determine the frequency of occurrence of CEFs in active regions (ARs) and to characterize their lifetime and the prevailing conditions in the ARs. We analysed the continuum images, Dopplergrams, and magnetograms recorded by SDO/HMI of 97 ARs that appeared from 2011 to 2017. We followed the ARs for $9.6\pm1.4$ days on average. We found 384 CEFs in total, with a median value of 6 CEFs per AR. CEFs are a rather common feature, they occur in 83.5% of all ARs regardless of the magnetic complexity of the AR. However, CEFs were observed on average only during 5.9% of the mean total duration of all the observations analyzed here. The lifetime of CEFs follows a log-normal distribution with a median value of 10.6$_{-6.0}^{+12.4}$ hr. In addition, we report two populations of CEFs depending on whether they are associated with light bridges, or not. We explain that the rarity of reports of CEFs in the literature is a result of highly incomplete coverage of ARs with spectropolarimetric data. By using the continuous observations now routinely available from space, we are able to overcome this limitation.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters (6 pages + long appendix)
Power spectral properties of the soft spectral states in four black hole transients
Creators: name: Mao, Dongming
name: Yu, Wenfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray variability in the soft X-ray spectral state of black hole binaries is primarily characterized by a power-law noise (PLN), which is thought to originate from the propagation of the modulation in the mass accretion rate of a standard accretion disk flow. Such a PLN has also been revealed in the disk spectral component in the hard and the intermediate states in several black hole binaries. Here we present an investigation of the {\it Rossi} X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of four black hole transients in which soft spectral states were observed twenty times or more. We show that in the soft spectral state, the PLN index varied in a large range between -1.64 and -0.62, and the fractional rms variability calculated in the 0.01 -- 20 Hz frequency range reached as large as 7.67\% and as low as 0.83\%. Remarkably, we have found the evidence of an inclination dependence of the maximal fractional rms variability, the averaged fractional rms variability and the fractional rms variability of the median in the sample based on current knowledge of inclination of black hole binaries. An inclination dependence has only been predicted in early magnetohydrodynamic simulations of isothermal disks limited to a high-frequency regime. In theory, the noise index is related to the physics of inward propagation of disk fluctuations, while the fractional rms amplitude reflects the intrinsic properties of the magnetohydrodynamic nature of the accretion flow. Our results therefore suggest that X-ray variability in the soft state can be used to put constraints on the properties of the accretion flow as well as the inclination of the accretion disk.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics