Additional file 1 of Physical activity enhances the improvement of body mass index and metabolism by inulin: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in obese individuals
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Julie
name: Neyrinck, Audrey M.
name: Van Kerckhoven, Maxime
name: Gianfrancesco, Marco A.
name: Renguet, Edith
name: Bertrand, Luc
name: Cani, Patrice D.
name: Lanthier, Nicolas
name: Cnop, Miriam
name: Paquot, Nicolas
name: Thissen, Jean-Paul
name: Bindels, Laure B.
name: Delzenne, Nathalie M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Evaluation of gastrointestinal tolerance upon inulin supplementation, according to PA practice, in obese individuals. Score for gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea (A), reflux (B), rumbling (C), cramp (D), flatulence (E) and bloating (F), and area under the curve calculated for each symptoms (G). (n=9 for maltodextrin, n=15 for maltodextrin with increased PA, n=14 for inulin and n=10 for inulin with increased PA). Mixed-effects with repeated measures analysis were performed (inulin and PA variables as fixed effects, patients and hospitals as randomized effects). A post hoc test was then assessed for multiples comparisons. Figure S2. Impact of PA and inulin supplementation on the gut microbiota composition in obese individuals. Differences between the end (month 3, M3) and baseline (month 0, M0) for the measures of alpha-diversity indexes: chao-1 (A), number of observed species (B), Shannon (C), Simpson (D), Simpson-evenness (E) and Heip-evenness (F), (n=12 for maltodextrin, n=19 for maltodextrin with increased PA, n=16 for inulin and n=14 for inulin with increased PA). (G) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the Bray-Curtis distance (β-diversity index), colored by group. Figure S3. Specific bacteria analyzed by qPCR in DNA extracted from cecal content of mice. Total bacteria level in the cecal content (A) and feces (B) at baseline, week4 and week8. Levels of (C) Bifidobacterium spp. (D) Roseburia spp. (E) Akkermansia muciniphila and (F) Lactobacillus spp quantified in the cecal content of mice. For each panel, a dotted line represent the amount of bacteria measured in the cecal content of mice fed with a standard diet. A two-way ANOVA was performed for evaluating the effects of inulin, exercise and the interaction (Inulin x exercise) between the four groups receiving the high-fat diet. When significant, the result for two-way ANOVA in indicated in a box. Multiples comparisons were then assessed using Tukey’s post hoc test. A different letter was attributed to the groups when the variations between these groups are significant. Figure S4. Effects of PA and inulin supplementation on adiposity. (A-B) Evolution of fat-free and fat mass percentages during the protocol performed in mice. (C-F) Percentage of subcutaneous, epididymal, brown and visceral adipose tissues versus total body weight. (G-I) Liver lipids content, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. (J-K) Intramuscular lipids content and triglycerides level in the gastrocnemius muscle. For each analysis, data are expressed as mean ± SEM per group. The black dotted line represent the mean obtained for the control group fed with a standard diet. For the other four groups fed with a high-fat diet, a two-way ANOVA was performed and significant results for each variables (inulin, exercise or interaction) were shown in the box. A Tukey post hoc test was then performed for comparison between groups and a different letter was attributed when the groups exhibit significant differences. Figure S5. Effects of PA and inulin supplementation on hepatic and muscle gene expression related to metabolism. Hepatic (A) or muscle (B) gene expression measured by qPCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. The black dotted line represents the mean obtained for the control group of mice fed with a standard diet. For the other four groups fed with a high-fat diet, a two-way ANOVA was performed and significant results for each variables (inulin, exercise or interaction) are shown in the box. A Tukey post hoc test was then performed for comparison between groups and a different letter was attributed when the groups exhibit significant differences.