cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast and Accurate Prediction of Material Properties with Three-Body Tight-Binding Model for the Periodic Table
Creators: name: Garrity, Kevin F.
name: Choudhary, Kamal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parameterized tight-binding models fit to first principles calculations can provide an efficient and accurate quantum mechanical method for predicting properties of molecules and solids. However, well-tested parameter sets are generally only available for a limited number of atom combinations, making routine use of this method difficult. Furthermore, most previous models consider only simple two-body interactions, which limits accuracy. To tackle these challenges, we develop a density functional theory database of nearly one million materials, which we use to fit a universal set of tight-binding parameters for 65 elements and their binary combinations. We include both two-body and three-body effective interaction terms in our model, plus self-consistent charge transfer, enabling our model to work for metallic, covalent, and ionic bonds with the same parameter set. To ensure predictive power, we adopt a learning framework where we repeatedly test the model on new low energy crystal structures and then add them to the fitting dataset, iterating until predictions improve. We distribute the materials database and tools developed in this work publicly.
description: updated version
On a factorization result of Ştefănescu
Creators: name: Kumar, Sanjeev
name: Singh, Jitender
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30C10, 12E05, 11C08

description: In this article, some factorization properties of polynomials over discrete valuation domains are elucidated. These properties along with the notion of Newton index of a polynomial leads to a generalization of the main result proved by Ştefănescu [`On the factorization of polynomials over discrete valuation domains', \emph{Versita} \textbf{22}:1 (2014), 273--280].
description: 4 Pages
3HDM with $Δ(27)$ symmetry and its phenomenological consequences
Creators: name: Kalinowski, J.
name: Kotlarski, W.
name: Rebelo, M. N.
name: Varzielas, I. de Medeiros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comprehensive analysis of a version of the 3-Higgs doublet model whose scalar potential is invariant under a global $Δ(27)$ discrete symmetry and where the three scalar doublets are chosen to transform as a triplet under this discrete group. For each of the known tree-level minima we study the mass spectra and use the oblique parameters $STU$ as well as perturbative unitarity to constrain the parameter space of the model. We then discuss phenomenological consequences of some leading order flavour mixing quark Yukawa couplings by considering the flavour violation process $b \to s γ$. We show that perturbative unitarity significantly constrains parameters of the model while, conversely, the beyond the Standard Model contributions to the $b \to s γ$ decay are automatically tamed by the symmetry.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures; version published in JHEP
Observing Flux Rope Formation During the Impulsive Phase of a Solar Eruption
Creators: name: Cheng, X.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Ding, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic flux rope is believed to be an important structural component of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). While there exist much observational evidence of the flux rope after the eruption, e.g., as seen in remote-sensing coronagraph images or in-situ solar wind data, the direct observation of flux ropes during CME impulsive phase has been rare. In this Letter, we present an unambiguous observation of a flux rope still in the formation phase in the low corona. The CME of interest occurred above the east limb on 2010 November 03 with footpoints partially blocked. The flux rope was seen as a bright blob of hot plasma in AIA 131 Å passband (peak temperature ~11 MK) rising from the core of the source active region, rapidly moving outward and stretching upward the surrounding background magnetic field. The stretched magnetic field seemed to curve-in behind the core, similar to the classical magnetic reconnection scenario in eruptive flares. On the other hand, the flux rope appeared as a dark cavity in AIA 211 Å passpand (2.0 MK) and 171 Å passband (0.6 MK); in these relatively cool temperature bands, a bright rim clearly enclosed the dark cavity. The bright rim likely represents the pile-up of the surrounding coronal plasma compressed by the expanding flux rope. The composite structure seen in AIA multiple temperature bands is very similar to that in the corresponding coronagraph images, which consists of a bright leading edge and a dark cavity, commonly believed to be a flux rope.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Pedagogy of confidence : auditory accounts of adult ESL classes with educational drama
Creators: name: Kim, Won
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: In a move towards more socially-attuned and contextually-situated L2 pedagogies (Atkinson, 2011; Duff, 2014), there has been a steady pedagogical and scholarly interest in aesthetic, creative, improvisational educational drama as a means for creating more empowering L2 learning spaces (Kao & O’Neill, 1998; Roman & Nunez, 2015; Schewe, 2013). These scholars share a strong conviction that educational drama can significantly contribute to supporting educational contexts where L2 learners have dynamic and creative opportunities to develop their expertise in L2 as they “actively imagine and process information through the use of language and other symbolic forms” (Baldwin & Fleming, 2003, p. 33). Nevertheless, there is little empirical evidence concerning what is actually taking place in L2 classrooms and how students’ L2 learning is impacted when drama is introduced. This ethnographic multiple-case study was designed to document and explore four drama-based adult ESL classes in Canada. Questions guiding this qualitative inquiry focus on the nature of drama-based teaching practices, their impact on classroom discourse, students’ identity work, and L2 development, as well as students’ perceptions of their learning experiences. Drawing on multiple theoretical frameworks (including narrative inquiry, performative inquiry, alternative approaches to L2 acquisition, and transformative multi-literacies pedagogy) and several data sources, I aim to provide reflexive autoethnographic auditory accounts of lived experiences of participants in the focal classes as heard, felt, and interpreted by the researcher (as a differently-abled ethnographer) taking on a participant listener orientation in lieu of that of participant observer. The study is situated at the interdisciplinary nexus of different analytical and representational approaches in exploring possibilities, challenges, and implications of drama-based adult ESL instruction. By combining autoethnography, discourse analysis, and ethnodrama, I aim to provide a richer, multi-layered, and nuanced picture of the phenomenon under investigation. I narrate and explore how drama-based ESL pedagogy contributes to cultivating students’ minds as confident, creative meaning-makers and promoting context-embedded language use and democratic and dialogic classroom discourse. While presenting empirically grounded claims showing how drama-based pedagogy can foster a transformative, empowering interpersonal space (Cummins, 2011), the dissertation concludes with pedagogical recommendations and scholarly/methodological implications of the study.
The Globular Cluster Population of NGC 7457: Clues to the Evolution of Field S0 Galaxies
Creators: name: Hargis, Jonathan R.
name: Rhode, Katherine L.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Brodie, Jean P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the results of a wide-field imaging study of the globular cluster (GC) system of the field S0 galaxy NGC 7457. To derive the global properties of the GC system, we obtained deep BVR images with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope and Minimosaic Imager and studied the GC population of NGC 7457 to a projected radius of approximately 30 kpc. Our ground-based data were combined with archival and published Hubble Space Telescope data to probe the properties of the GC system close to the galaxy center and reduce contamination in the GC candidate sample from foreground stars and background galaxies. We performed surface photometry of NGC 7457 and compared the galaxy's surface brightness profile with the surface density profile of the GC system. The profiles have similar shapes in the inner 1 arcminute (3.9 kpc), but the GC system profile appears to flatten relative to the galaxy light at larger radii. The GC system of NGC 7457 is noticeably elliptical in our images; we measure an ellipticity of 0.66 +/- 0.14 for the GC distribution, which is consistent with our measured ellipticity of the galaxy light. We integrated the radial surface density profile of the GC system to derive a total number of GCs N_GC = 210 +/- 30. The GC specific frequency normalized by the galaxy luminosity and mass are S_N = 3.1 +/- 0.7 and T = 4.8 +/- 1.1, respectively. Comparing the derived GC system properties and other empirical data for NGC 7457 to S0 formation scenarios suggests that this field S0 galaxy may have formed in an unequal-mass merger.
description: 40 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 5 of Targeting the autosomal Ceratitis capitata transformer gene using Cas9 or dCas9 to masculinize XX individuals without inducing mutations
Creators: name: Primo, Pasquale
name: Meccariello, Angela
name: Inghilterra, Maria Grazia
name: Gravina, Andrea
name: Corsano, Giuseppe Del
name: Volpe, Gennaro
name: Sollazzo, Germano
name: Aceto, Serena
name: Robinson, Mark D.
name: Salvemini, Marco
name: Saccone, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5.
Dynamics of compression-driven gas-liquid displacement in a capillary tube
Creators: name: Cuttle, Callum
name: MacMinn, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two-phase displacement via the steady compression of an air reservoir connected to an oil-filled capillary tube. Our experiments and modelling reveal complex displacement dynamics depending on compression rate and reservoir volume that, for large reservoirs, depend on a single dimensionless compressibility number. We identify two distinct displacement regimes, separated by a critical value of the compressibility number. While the subcritical regime exhibits quasi-steady displacement after an initial transient, the supercritical regime exhibits burst-like expulsion.
Combined visual and machine strength grading
Creators: name: Frese, Matthias
name: Blaß, Hans Joachim
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2004
Subjects: visual grading
machine strength grading
strength class
dynamic MOE
apparent density

description: The aim of this study was to show the possibility of the classification of structural timber (European spruce) into strength class C35 according to EN 338 by using combined visual and machine strength grading techniques. Three different visual - machine strength grading combinations are devised for allocating sawn timber into strength class C35. They are composed on the one hand of the visual grading according to DIN 4074-1 and on the other hand of machine strength grading of green or dry sawn timber by measuring the dynamic MOE or the apparent density of sawn timber. In order to allocate sawn timber into strength class C35 the machine settings for these combinations were estimated. The grading results show that combinations based on the dynamic MOE are suitable for strength grading of lamellae for glued laminated timber and joists. Combinations based on apparent density are also suitable for strength grading lamellae for glued laminated timber.
The Green Bank Telescope HII Region Discovery Survey II. The Source Catalog
Creators: name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Bania, T. M.
name: Balser, Dana S.
name: Rood, Robert T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Green Bank Telescope HII Region Discovery Survey has doubled the number of known HII regions in the Galactic zone 343deg.\leql\leq67deg. with |b|\leq1deg. We detected 603 discrete hydrogen radio recombination line (RRL) components at 9GHz (3cm) from 448 targets. Our targets were selected based on spatially coincident mid-infrared and 20cm radio continuum emission. Such sources are almost invariably HII regions; we detected hydrogen RRL emission from 95% of our target sample. The sensitivity of the Green Bank Telescope and the power of its spectrometer together made this survey possible. Here we provide a catalog of the measured properties of the RRL and continuum emission from the survey nebulae. The derived survey completeness limit, 180mJy at 9GHz, is sufficient to detect all HII regions ionized by single O-stars to a distance of 12kpc. These recently discovered nebulae share the same distribution on the sky as does the previously known census of Galactic HII regions. On average, however, the new nebulae have fainter continuum fluxes, smaller continuum angular sizes, fainter RRL intensities and smaller RRL line widths. Though small in angular size, many of our new nebulae show little spatial correlation with tracers associated with extremely young HII regions, implying that our sample spans a range of evolutionary states. We discovered 34 first quadrant negative-velocity HII regions, which lie at extreme distances from the Sun and appear to be part of the Outer Arm. We found RRL emission from 207 Spitzer GLIMPSE 8.0μm "bubble" sources, 65 of which have been cataloged previously. It thus appears that nearly all GLIMPSE bubbles are HII regions and that \sim50% of all Galactic HII regions have a bubble morphology at 8.0μm.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS
Vertices of the heavy spin-3/2 sextet baryons with light vector mesons in QCD
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Azizi, K.
name: Savci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All transitions among the heavy spin--3/2 sextet baryons with participation of the light vector mesons $(B_Q^* B_Q V)$ are investigated in the framework of the light cone sum rules. These vertices are described by four coupling constants. The corresponding sum rules are derived for each coupling constant. It is shown that the correlation functions of different transitions can be described by only one invariant function.
description: 12 Pages, 4 Figures and 3 Tables
Quickest Detection of Deception Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems with a Parsimonious Watermarking Policy
Creators: name: Naha, Arunava
name: Teixeira, André
name: Ahlén, Anders
name: Dey, Subhrakanti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The addition of a physical watermarking signal to the control input increases the detection probability of data deception attacks at the expense of increased control cost. In this paper, we propose a parsimonious policy to reduce the average number of watermarking events when the attack is not present, which in turn reduces the control cost. We model the system as a stochastic optimal control problem and apply the dynamic programming to minimize the average detection delay (ADD) for fixed upper bounds on false alarm rate (FAR) and increased control cost. The optimal solution results in a two threshold policy on the posterior probability of attack, which is derived from the Shiryaev statistics for sequential change detection assuming the change point is a random variable with a geometric distribution. We derive approximate expressions of ADD and FAR applying the non-linear renewal theory. The relationship between the average number of watermarking added before the attack and the increase in control cost is also derived. We design the optimal watermarking that maximizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence for a fixed increase in the control cost. Simulation studies are performed to illustrate and validate the theoretical results.
description: Accepted for publication in Automatica, 2023
Sequential Bayesian Inference for Uncertain Nonlinear Dynamic Systems: A Tutorial
Creators: name: Tatsis, Konstantinos E.
name: Dertimanis, Vasilis K.
name: Chatzi, Eleni N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this article, an overview of Bayesian methods for sequential simulation from posterior distributions of nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamic systems is presented. The focus is mainly laid on sequential Monte Carlo methods, which are based on particle representations of probability densities and can be seamlessly generalized to any state-space representation. Within this context, a unified framework of the various Particle Filter (PF) alternatives is presented for the solution of state, state-parameter and input-state-parameter estimation problems on the basis of sparse measurements. The algorithmic steps of each filter are thoroughly presented and a simple illustrative example is utilized for the inference of i) unobserved states, ii) unknown system parameters and iii) unmeasured driving inputs.
Construction-free median quasi-Monte Carlo rules for function spaces with unspecified smoothness and general weights
Creators: name: Goda, Takashi
name: L'Ecuyer, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) integration of smooth functions defined over the multi-dimensional unit cube. Inspired by a recent work of Pan and Owen, we study a new construction-free median QMC rule which can exploit the smoothness and the weights of function spaces adaptively. For weighted Korobov spaces, we draw a sample of $r$ independent generating vectors of rank-1 lattice rules, compute the integral estimate for each, and approximate the true integral by the median of these $r$ estimates. For weighted Sobolev spaces, we use the same approach but with the rank-1 lattice rules replaced by high-order polynomial lattice rules. A major advantage over the existing approaches is that we do not need to construct good generating vectors by a computer search algorithm, while our median QMC rule achieves almost the optimal worst-case error rate for the respective function space with any smoothness and weights, with a probability that converges to 1 exponentially fast as $r$ increases. Numerical experiments illustrate and support our theoretical findings.
description: revision, 24 pages
Supersymmetric top and bottom squark production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Beenakker, Wim
name: Brensing, Silja
name: Krämer, Michael
name: Kulesza, Anna
name: Laenen, Eric
name: Niessen, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar partners of top and bottom quarks are expected to be the lightest squarks in supersymmetric theories, with potentially large cross sections at hadron colliders. We present predictions for the production of top and bottom squarks at the Tevatron and the LHC, including next-to-leading order corrections in supersymmetric QCD and the resummation of soft gluon emission at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy. We discuss the impact of the higher-order corrections on total cross sections and transverse-momentum distributions, and provide an estimate of the theoretical uncertainty due to scale variation and the parton distribution functions.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
The Kato Square Root Problem on Submanifolds
Creators: name: Morris, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J05, 47B44, 47F05

description: We solve the Kato square root problem for divergence form operators on complete Riemannian manifolds that are embedded in Euclidean space with a bounded second fundamental form. We do this by proving local quadratic estimates for perturbations of certain first-order differential operators that act on the trivial bundle over a complete Riemannian manifold with at most exponential volume growth and on which a local Poincaré inequality holds. This is based on the framework for Dirac type operators that was introduced by Axelsson, Keith and McIntosh.
description: 34 pages
The Instability Transition for the Restricted 3-Body Problem. III. The Lyapunov Exponent Criterion
Creators: name: Quarles, B.
name: Eberle, J.
name: Musielak, Z. E.
name: Cuntz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a criterion for the stability of planetary orbits in stellar binary systems by using Lyapunov exponents and power spectra for the special case of the circular restricted 3-body problem (CR3BP). The centerpiece of our method is the concept of Lyapunov exponents, which are incorporated into the analysis of orbital stability by integrating the Jacobian of the CR3BP and orthogonalizing the tangent vectors via a well-established algorithm originally developed by Wolf et al. The criterion for orbital stability based on the Lyapunov exponents is independently verified by using power spectra. The obtained results are compared to results presented in the two previous papers of this series. It is shown that the maximum Lyapunov exponent can be used as an indicator for chaotic behaviour of planetary orbits, which is consistent with previous applications of this method, particularly studies for the Solar System. The chaotic behaviour corresponds to either orbital stability or instability, and it depends solely on the mass ratio of the binary components and the initial distance ratio of the planet relative to the stellar separation distance. Our theoretical results allow us to link the study of planetary orbital stability to chaos theory noting that there is a large array of literature on the properties and significance of Lyapunov exponents. Although our results are given for the special case of the CR3BP, we expect that it may be possible to augment the proposed Lyapunov exponent criterion to studies of planets in generalized stellar binary systems, which is strongly motivated by existing observational results as well as results expected from ongoing and future planet search missions.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables; accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Possible pi-phase shift at interface of two pnictides with antiphase s-wave pairing
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-Qiang
name: Zhang, Fu-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the nature of Josephson junction between two identical Fe-pnictides with anti-phase s-wave pairing. pi-phase shift is found if the junction barrier is thick and the two Fe-pnictides are oriented in certain directions relative to the interface. Our theory provides a possible explanation for the observed half integer flux quantum transitions in a niobium/polycrystal NdFeAsO loop, and attributes the pi-phase shift to intergrain junctions of Fe-pnictides.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Maximal estimates for the Weyl sums on $\mathbb{T}^{d}$ (with an appendix by Alex Barron)
Creators: name: Miao, Changxing
name: Yuan, Jiye
name: Zhao, Tengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B25, 42B37, 35Q41

description: In this paper, we obtain the maximal estimate for the Weyl sums on the torus $\mathbb{T}^d$ with $d\geq 2$, which is sharp up to the endpoint. We also consider two variants of this problem which include the maximal estimate along the rational lines and on the generic torus. Applications, which include some new upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of the sets associated to the large value of the Weyl sums, reflect the compound phenomenon between the square root cancellation and the constructive interference. In the Appendix, an alternate proof of Theorem 1.1 inspired by Baker's argument in [1] is given by Barron, which also improves the $N^ε$ loss in Theorem 1.1, and the Strichartz-type estimates for the Weyl sums with logarithmic losses are obtained by the same argument.
description: 30 pages. In the new version, an appendix by Alex Barron has been added, which gives another new proof of the main result
Quantum noise in optical interferometers
Creators: name: Voronov, Volodymyr G.
name: Weyrauch, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the photon counting noise in optical interferometers used for gravitational wave detection. In order to reduce quantum noise a squeezed vacuum is injected into the usually unused input port. It is investigated under which conditions the gravitational wave signal may be amplified without increasing counting noise concurrently. Such a possibility was suggested as a consequence of the entanglement of the two output ports of a beam splitter. We find that amplification without concurrent increase of noise is not possible for reasonable squeezing parameters. Photon distributions for various beam splitter angles and squeezing parameters are calculated.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Diet quality, weight loss, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)
Creators: name: Allaire, Benjamin T.
name: Tjaden, Ashley H.
name: Venditti, Elizabeth M.
name: Apolzan, John W.
name: Dabelea, Dana
name: Delahanty, Linda M.
name: Edelstein, Sharon L.
name: Hoskin, Mary A.
name: Temple, Karla A.
name: Wylie-Rosett, Judith
name: Jaacks, Lindsay M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: CONSORT Diagram outlining participant data availability for this analysis. Supplemental Table 1. Summary of AHEI calculation and modifications from Chiuve et al. AHEI-2010. Supplemental Table 2 Baseline Demographics, Participant Characteristics, and AHEI Baseline and Year 1 Scores by Race/Ethnicity. Supplemental Figure 1. Hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetes onset over 3.2 years of follow-up in DPP defined by meeting thresholds of percentage change at 1 year compared with those meeting neither of the goals (group 1). Supplemental Figure 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetes onset over 3.2 years of follow-up in DPP defined by meeting thresholds of percentage change at 1 year compared with those meeting neither of the goals (group 1), among ILS participants only. Supplemental Table 3. Associations of AHEI change quintile on weight change from baseline to year 1 among participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program (n = 2914). Supplemental Table 4. Effect of change in AHEI (per 10-point increase) from baseline to year 1 on weight change (kg) over 3.2 years of follow-up in DPP (n = 2914).
On Generators and Relations of the Rational Cohomology of Hilbert Schemes
Creators: name: Bianchi, Andrea
name: Christgau, Alexander Mangulad
name: Pedersen, Jonathan Sejr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20B30, 13E15, 05A10

description: We consider for $d\geq 1$ the graded commutative $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra $\mathcal{A}(d):=H^*(\operatorname{Hilb}^d(\mathbb{C}^2);\mathbb{Q})$, which is also connected to the study of generalised Hurwitz spaces by work of the first author. These Hurwitz spaces are in turn related to the moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces with boundary. We determine two distinct, minimal sets of $\lfloor d/2\rfloor$ multiplicative generators of $\mathcal{A}(d)$. Additionally, we prove when the lowest degree generating relations occur. For small values of $d$ we also determine a minimal set of generating relations, which leads to several conjectures about the necessary generating relations for $\mathcal{A}(d)$.
description: 25 pages; v2. Minor revisions based on referee's comments. Published version
PEg TRAnsfer Workflow recognition challenge report: Does multi-modal data improve recognition?
Creators: name: Huaulmé, Arnaud
name: Harada, Kanako
name: Nguyen, Quang-Minh
name: Park, Bogyu
name: Hong, Seungbum
name: Choi, Min-Kook
name: Peven, Michael
name: Li, Yunshuang
name: Long, Yonghao
name: Dou, Qi
name: Kumar, Satyadwyoom
name: Lalithkumar, Seenivasan
name: Hongliang, Ren
name: Matsuzaki, Hiroki
name: Ishikawa, Yuto
name: Harai, Yuriko
name: Kondo, Satoshi
name: Mitsuishi, Mamoru
name: Jannin, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the design and results of the "PEg TRAnsfert Workflow recognition" (PETRAW) challenge whose objective was to develop surgical workflow recognition methods based on one or several modalities, among video, kinematic, and segmentation data, in order to study their added value. The PETRAW challenge provided a data set of 150 peg transfer sequences performed on a virtual simulator. This data set was composed of videos, kinematics, semantic segmentation, and workflow annotations which described the sequences at three different granularity levels: phase, step, and activity. Five tasks were proposed to the participants: three of them were related to the recognition of all granularities with one of the available modalities, while the others addressed the recognition with a combination of modalities. Average application-dependent balanced accuracy (AD-Accuracy) was used as evaluation metric to take unbalanced classes into account and because it is more clinically relevant than a frame-by-frame score. Seven teams participated in at least one task and four of them in all tasks. Best results are obtained with the use of the video and the kinematics data with an AD-Accuracy between 93% and 90% for the four teams who participated in all tasks. The improvement between video/kinematic-based methods and the uni-modality ones was significant for all of the teams. However, the difference in testing execution time between the video/kinematic-based and the kinematic-based methods has to be taken into consideration. Is it relevant to spend 20 to 200 times more computing time for less than 3% of improvement? The PETRAW data set is publicly available at www.synapse.org/PETRAW to encourage further research in surgical workflow recognition.
description: Challenge report doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107561
Particle-laden liquid jet impingement on a moving surface
Creators: name: Rahmani, Hatef
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: In the railroad industry, coating of the rail with liquid changes the forces at the wheel-rail interface. Wet leaves on rail tracks can reduce the wheel-rail traction to dangerously low levels. To enhance wheel traction, railroads spray sand on the tracks. The sand may be applied in the form of a particle-laden jet. The impingement of high-speed liquid jets on a moving surface was studied. The jet fluids were dilute suspensions of neutrally buoyant particles in water-glycerin solutions. At the low concentration studied, the suspension has a Newtonian fluid viscosity. A variety of jet and surface velocities, liquid properties, mean particle sizes, and volume fractions were studied. It was observed that for jets with very small particles, the addition of solids to the jet enhances deposition. In contrast, jets with larger particles in suspensions were more prone to splash than single phase jets of the same viscosity. It is speculated that the non-monotonic dependence of the splash threshold on the particle size occurs when the particle diameter is comparable to the lamella thickness. Additionally, volume-of-fluid (VOF) CFD simulations were carried out to provide a full description of the flow field of a particle-free Newtonian jet spreading over a moving surface. The jet Reynolds number and Weber number of the simulations were in the range of 50-1000 and 100-8000, respectively. The simulations were generally in good agreement with experiments and they could successfully predict the lamella dimensions and velocity profiles.
Anomalous Spin Dynamics observed by High Frequency ESR in Honeycomb Lattice Antiferromagnet InCu2/3V1/3O3
Creators: name: Okubo, Susumu
name: Wada, Hideo
name: Ohta, Hitoshi
name: Tomita, Takahiro
name: Fujisawa, Masashi
name: Sakurai, Takahiro
name: Ohmichi, Eiji
name: Kikuchi, Hikomitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-frequency ESR results on the S=1/2 Heisenberg hexagonal antiferromagnet InCu2/3V1/3O3 are reported. This compound appears to be a rare model substance for the honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet with very weak interlayer couplings. The high-temperature magnetic susceptibility can be interpreted by the S=1/2 honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet, and it shows a magnetic-order-like anomaly at TN=38 K. Although, the resonance field of our high-frequency ESR shows the typical behavior of the antiferromagnetic resonance, the linewidth of our high-frequency ESR continues to increase below TN, while it tends to decrease as the temperature in a conventional three-dimensional antiferromagnet decreases. In general, a honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet is expected to show a simple antiferromagnetic order similar to that of a square lattice antiferromagnet theoretically because both antiferromagnets are bipartite lattices. However, we suggest that the observed anomalous spin dynamics below TN is the peculiar feature of the honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet that is not observed in the square lattice antiferromagnet.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Early life immune ontogeny in a vulnerable population
Creators: name: Reikie, Brian Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The first year of life represents a time of marked susceptibility to infections, particularly in resource-poor regions and regions where HIV is endemic, such as sub-Saharan Africa. Infants that are exposed to HIV are among the World’s most vulnerable to infectious morbidity and mortality. Immune defense mechanisms may differ between global regions with high rates of childhood death and disease. This dissertation examines innate immune development throughout the first year of life in HIV unexposed (UE) South African infants, and compares their immune development with HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) South African infants. Clinical outcomes and adaptive immune responses to vaccination were also compared between HEU and UE infants. Specifically, infection incidence and severity were correlated with multidimensional assessments of immune profiles, including innate immune responses to pathogen-associated stimuli, as well as antibody responses to vaccination, all contrasting HEU and UE infants. I found that monocyte, classical dendritic cell and plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses in our cohort were mostly similar to responses measured in other global regions. However, responses to endotoxin matured more rapidly in South African infants. HEU mononuclear cells demonstrated enhanced pro-inflammatory responses when compared to UE, particularly during the first 6 weeks of life, and altered responses were specific to pathogen type. HEU vaccine responses were similar, but in some instances developed protective titers more rapidly than UE. Incidence of infection was equivalent between HEU and UE. However, HEU infants experienced more severe infections, and peak relative risk occurred within the first 12 months of life. This cohort study represents the first prospective, longitudinal description of immune ontogeny throughout the first year of life. My PhD dissertation provides a thorough examination of innate immune development during this time period. HEU are a population that suffers disproportionately from infectious disease, and our findings suggest HEU infants have altered immune defense mechanisms. This collection of work provides a foundation to mechanistically dissect etiological factors that predispose high-risk groups, such as HEU infants, to suffer increased infectious morbidity and mortality.
Quantus: An Explainable AI Toolkit for Responsible Evaluation of Neural Network Explanations and Beyond
Creators: name: Hedström, Anna
name: Weber, Leander
name: Bareeva, Dilyara
name: Krakowczyk, Daniel
name: Motzkus, Franz
name: Samek, Wojciech
name: Lapuschkin, Sebastian
name: Höhne, Marina M. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The evaluation of explanation methods is a research topic that has not yet been explored deeply, however, since explainability is supposed to strengthen trust in artificial intelligence, it is necessary to systematically review and compare explanation methods in order to confirm their correctness. Until now, no tool with focus on XAI evaluation exists that exhaustively and speedily allows researchers to evaluate the performance of explanations of neural network predictions. To increase transparency and reproducibility in the field, we therefore built Quantus -- a comprehensive, evaluation toolkit in Python that includes a growing, well-organised collection of evaluation metrics and tutorials for evaluating explainable methods. The toolkit has been thoroughly tested and is available under an open-source license on PyPi (or on https://github.com/understandable-machine-intelligence-lab/Quantus/).
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
High energy cosmic-ray interactions with particles from the Sun
Creators: name: Andersen, Kristoffer K.
name: Klein, Spencer R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic-ray protons with energies above $10^{16}$ eV passing near the Sun may interact with photons emitted by the Sun and be excited to a $Δ^+$ resonance. When the $Δ^+$ decays, it produces pions which further decay to muons and photons which may be detected with terrestrial detectors. A flux of muons, photon pairs (from $π^0$ decay), or individual high-energy photons coming from near the Sun would be a rather striking signature, and the flux of these particles is a fairly direct measure of the flux of cosmic-ray nucleons, independent of the cosmic-ray composition. In a solid angle within $15^\circ$ around the Sun the flux of photon pairs is about $\SI{1.3e-3}{}$ particles/(km$^2\cdot$yr), while the flux of muons is about $\SI{0.33e-3}{}$ particles/(km$^2\cdot$yr). This is beyond the reach of current detectors like the Telescope Array, Auger, KASCADE-Grande or IceCube. However, the muon flux might be detectable by next-generation air shower arrays or neutrino detectors such as ARIANNA or ARA. We discuss the experimental prospects in some detail. Other cosmic-ray interactions occuring close to the Sun are also briefly discussed.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
SCALIBUR D2.1 Stakeholder engagement plan per pilot municipality and identification of current promising practices
Creators: name: Anna-Carina Diedrich
name: Ioannidou, Dimitra
name: Grossi, Francesca
name: Fedato, Cristina
name: José-Luis Diéguez
name: Díaz, Licinio
name: Pérez, Rebeca González
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: biowaste
stakeholder engagement
municipalities
waste management

description: In the Horizon2020 SCALIBUR project leading research organisations, technology developers and waste management companies, as well as four European cities and regions – Lund (Sweden), Madrid (Spain), Albano Laziale (Italy) and Kozani (Greece) – join forces to develop and promote new circular economy approaches to recycle urban biowaste. Engaging all key actors along the value chain in the process, will be of vital importance to the project’s success. As such, the focus of the following report is to illustrate SCALIBUR’s understanding of and approach to stakeholder engagement and to give an overview of the findings and activities so far. A first activity in SCALIBUR’s WP2 was to conduct baseline analyses in the pilot cities, thereby gaining an overview of the status quo of each waste management system and understanding current main challenges and opportunities in each pilot. As a second step, and to further understand the needs of the pilots, a comprehensive stakeholder mapping was drawn for each pilot in order to identify the most relevant stakeholders and to understand their interests and motivations and the impact that they may have on the SCALIBUR project. Lastly, in order to be able to learn from other European cities that have faced similar challenges as the three pilots and that have successfully involved all actors and changed their biowaste value chain, a first set of promising practices in terms of stakeholder engagement was collected. Next to the city of Lund (Sweden) – which is considered as SCALIBUR’s “best performing territory” - also the cities Oslo (Norway), Milan (Italy), Besancon (France) and the region of Sardinia (Italy) are considered here. As will be shown, the baseline analyses and stakeholder mappings – together with the first Biowaste Club meetings - help understand the main challenges in each pilot and the current expectations that the key stakeholders have towards SCALIBUR. Additionally, the analysis of the promising practices indicates the potential to transfer successful methods and tools to the pilots. Combining these three steps, it is possible to set the targets and decide on the first activities to be tested and implemented in the pilots. As the project is still at the beginning, it is natural that the process matching of local challenges and opportunities with the most fitting promising practices - that can eventually be adapted and implemented - is still on-going; involving the local stakeholders from the beginning in the analyses and decision-making processes will be crucial for SCALIBUR’s success in the three pilots.
Kerr enhanced backaction cooling in magnetomechanics
Creators: name: Zoepfl, D.
name: Juan, M. L.
name: Diaz-Naufal, N.
name: Schneider, C. M. F.
name: Deeg, L. F.
name: Sharafiev, A.
name: Metelmann, A.
name: Kirchmair, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optomechanics is a prime example of light matter interaction, where photons directly couple to phonons, allowing to precisely control and measure the state of a mechanical object. This makes it a very appealing platform for testing fundamental physics or for sensing applications. Usually, such mechanical oscillators are in highly excited thermal states and require cooling to the mechanical ground state for quantum applications, which is often accomplished by utilising optomechanical backaction. However, while massive mechanical oscillators are desirable for many tasks, their frequency usually decreases below the cavity linewidth, significantly limiting the methods that can be used to efficiently cool. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach relying on an intrinsically nonlinear cavity to backaction-cool a low frequency mechanical oscillator. We experimentally demonstrate outperforming an identical, but linear, system by more than one order of magnitude. Furthermore, our theory predicts that with this approach we can also surpass the standard cooling limit of a linear system. By exploiting a nonlinear cavity, our approach enables efficient cooling of a wider range of optomechanical systems, opening new opportunities for fundamental tests and sensing.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Will the starless cores in Chamaeleon I and III turn prestellar?
Creators: name: Belloche, A.
name: Parise, B.
name: Schuller, F.
name: André, Ph.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Menten, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby Chamaeleon molecular cloud complex is a good laboratory to study the process of low-mass star formation since it consists of three clouds with very different properties. Cha III does not show any sign of star formation, while star formation has been very active in Cha I and may already be finishing. Our goal is to determine whether star formation can proceed in Cha III, and to compare the results to our recent survey of Cha I. We used the Large APEX Bolometer Array (LABOCA) to map Cha III in dust continuum emission at 870 micron. 29 sources are extracted from the map, all of them being starless. The starless cores are found down to a visual extinction of 1.9 mag, in marked contrast with other molecular clouds, including Cha I. Apart from this difference, the Cha III starless cores share very similar properties with those found in Cha I. At most two sources have a mass larger than the critical Bonnor-Ebert mass, which suggests that the fraction of prestellar cores is very low, even lower than in Cha I. Only the most massive sources are candidate prestellar cores, in agreement with the correlation found earlier in the Pipe nebula. The mass distribution of the 85 starless cores of Cha I and III that are not candidate prestellar cores is consistent with a single power law down to the 90% completeness limit, with an exponent close to the Salpeter value. A fraction of the starless cores in Cha I and III may still grow in mass and become gravitationally unstable. Based on predictions of numerical simulations of turbulent molecular clouds, we estimate that at most 50% and 20% of the starless cores of Cha I and III, respectively, may form stars. The LABOCA survey reveals that Cha III, and Cha I to some extent too, is a prime target to study the formation of prestellar cores, and thus the onset of star formation. (abridged).
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 22 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. A version with high-resolution figures is available on request to the first author
Additional file 3 of Improving maternal health services through social accountability interventions in Nepal: an analytical review of existing literature
Creators: name: Nepal, Adweeti
name: Dangol, Santa Kumar
name: Kwaak, Anke Van Der
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Appendix 3. Flow diagram of MPDR and MPDSR [23]