cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Three-micron spectra of AGB stars and supergiants in nearby galaxies
Creators: name: Matsuura, M.
name: Zijlstra, A. A.
name: van Loon, J. Th.
name: Yamamura, I.
name: Markwick, A. J.
name: Whitelock, P. A.
name: Woods, P. M.
name: Marshall, J. R.
name: Feast, M. W.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of stellar molecular bands on the metallicity is studied using infrared L-band spectra of AGB stars (both carbon-rich and oxygen-rich) and M-type supergiants in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) and in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy. The spectra cover SiO bands for oxygen-rich stars, and acetylene (C2H2), CH and HCN bands for carbon-rich AGB stars. The equivalent width of acetylene is found to be high even at low metallicity. The high C2H2 abundance can be explained with a high carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio for lower metallicity carbon stars. In contrast, the HCN equivalent width is low: fewer than half of the extra-galactic carbon stars show the 3.5micron HCN band, and only a few LMC stars show high HCN equivalent width. HCN abundances are limited by both nitrogen and carbon elemental abundances. The amount of synthesized nitrogen depends on the initial mass, and stars with high luminosity (i.e. high initial mass) could have a high HCN abundance. CH bands are found in both the extra-galactic and Galactic carbon stars. None of the oxygen-rich LMC stars show SiO bands, except one possible detection in a low quality spectrum. The limits on the equivalent widths of the SiO bands are below the expectation of up to 30angstrom for LMC metallicity. Several possible explanations are discussed. The observations imply that LMC and SMC carbon stars could reach mass-loss rates as high as their Galactic counterparts, because there are more carbon atoms available and more carbonaceous dust can be formed. On the other hand, the lack of SiO suggests less dust and lower mass-loss rates in low-metallicity oxygen-rich stars. The effect on the ISM dust enrichment is discussed.
description: accepted for A&A
1863: James Leahy, Royal Munster Fusiliers
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: See uploaded file.
The evolution of copyright : Napster and the challenges of the digital age
Creators: name: Belcredi, Carmen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Napster case has created a frenzy of controversy and confusion. The Peer to Peer technology developed by Napster creator Shawn Fanning, has forced the courts, the legislature, corporations, and individuals to reconsider the use of the Internet. Peer to peer networks create new challenges for the application of copyright law. However, these challenges are not that different from those which copyright law has evolved to accommodate in the past. Copyright law is intended to balance the interests of the creators and the public to promote the progress of science and useful arts. The premise behind copyright protection is to ensure that people continue creating, and that the public continues to enjoy those creations, through the mechanism of rewarding the creators with a temporary monopoly over their works. This balance of interests is fundamental to the interpretation of copyright law by the United States Congress and the Courts. This thesis focuses on the application and interpretation of copyright law through a case study of the law in the United States, in particular the Napster case. Although it now appears that the Internet can be subject to some form of regulation with the aid of technological innovation to enforce the regulation, the Courts in the Napster case have misinterpreted the previous judicial consideration attributed to copyright law. In essence, the fundamental principle of the balancing of interests has been lost. We are now left with an unequal balance in favor of large media conglomerates. It can be argued that the media conglomerates have used Napster as an example of their power to control the technology of peer to peer networking as a model of distribution. Napster demonstrates that peer to peer is an effective way of sharing information with an extremely large amount of people. This has the music industry scared, resulting in their legal battle to shut down the Napster technology. The claims of copyright misuse raise awareness of the need for regulation and a reassessment of copyright application in a digital age. There is a need for regulation. However, any attempts at further application of law and regulation to the Internet concerning copyright protection should consider the intent of the constitutional founders of the United States -- copyright law is intended to protect the interests of both the artists, and the public.
PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PROTECTION: DEVELOPING A STRATEGY FOR MULTIPLE PRODUCERS OF REGIONAL SPECIALTY CROPS
Creators: name: Centner, Terence J.
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Bryan, John T.
name: Centner, Terence J.
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Bryan, John T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Specialty crops grown by multiple producers are often viewed by consumers as differentiated products that command a price premium. Since price premiums are dependent upon differentiation of an item from generic counterparts, specialty crops must have distinctive identities that cannot be copied or mimicked by others. Trademarks are normally employed to differentiate and protect products, but the limitation of trademarks to products from a single source means that differentiation of specialty crops grown by multiple producers may involve difficulties in precluding free riders from adopting the same name. Through a case study of Georgia's Vidalia Onions and an examination of producer price data, this article explores the problem of the protection of product differentiation of regional specialty crops grown by multiple producers.
Electron Dynamics near Diamagnetic Regions of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Creators: name: Madanian, H.
name: Burch, J. L.
name: Eriksson, A. I.
name: Cravens, T. E.
name: Galand, M.
name: Vigren, E.
name: Goldstein, R.
name: Nemeth, Z.
name: Mokashi, P.
name: Richter, I.
name: Rubin, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rosetta spacecraft detected transient and sporadic diamagnetic regions around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. In this paper we present a statistical analysis of bulk and suprathermal electron dynamics, as well as a case study of suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) near a diamagnetic region. Bulk electron densities are correlated with the local neutral density and we find a distinct enhancement in electron densities measured over the southern latitudes of the comet. Flux of suprathermal electrons with energies between tens of eV to a couple of hundred eV decreases each time the spacecraft enters a diamagnetic region. We propose a mechanism in which this reduction can be explained by solar wind electrons that are tied to the magnetic field and after having been transported adiabatically in a decaying magnetic field environment, have limited access to the diamagnetic regions. Our analysis shows that suprathermal electron PADs evolve from an almost isotropic outside the diamagnetic cavity to a field-aligned distribution near the boundary. Electron transport becomes chaotic and non-adiabatic when electron gyroradius becomes comparable to the size of the magnetic field line curvature, which determines the upper energy limit of the flux variation. This study is based on Rosetta observations at around 200 km cometocentric distance when the comet was at 1.24 AU from the Sun and during the southern summer cometary season.
Additional file 1 of The evolved divergence of γ-secretase-susceptibility of homologous proteins Ngfrb and Nradd in zebrafish
Creators: name: Jayne, Tanya
name: Newman, Morgan
name: Baer, Lachlan
name: Lardelli, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Phylogenetic analysis. The analysis used to generate the phylogenetic tree shown in Fig. 1A.
MARKETING ORDERS AND MARKET SEGMENTATION: MATCHING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS TO CONSUMER PREFERENCES
Creators: name: Fairchild, Gary F.
name: Fairchild, Gary F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: A proposed amendment to the federal marketing order for Florida fresh citrus would eliminate Canada from the domestic market definition and include it in the export market category. Adoption of this amendment would permit smaller sized grapefruit to enter the Canadian market while maintaining more rigid minimum size restrictions in the domestic U.S. market. This variation in minimum size standards recognizes the perceived preferences for smaller-sized grapefruit among Canadian consumers. Using market order definitions to separate identifiable market segments facilitates the matching of product characteristics to consumer preferences. This paper evaluates the impacts of the proposed marketing order amendments.
Volichenko-type metasymmetry of braided Majorana qubits
Creators: name: Toppan, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents different mathematical structures connected with the parastatistics of braided Majorana qubits and clarifies their role; in particular, mixed-bracket Heisenberg-Lie algebras are introduced. These algebras belong to a more general framework than the Volichenko algebras defined in 1990 by Leites-Serganova as metasymmetries which do not respect even/odd gradings and lead to mixed brackets interpolating ordinary commutators and anticommutators. In a previous paper braided $Z_2$-graded Majorana qubits were first-quantized within a graded Hopf algebra framework endowed with a braided tensor product. The resulting system admits truncations at roots of unity and realizes, for a given integer $s=2,3,4,\ldots$, an interpolation between ordinary Majorana fermions (recovered at $s=2$) and bosons (recovered in the $s\rightarrow \infty$ limit); it implements a parastatistics where at most $s-1$ indistinguishable particles are accommodated in a multi-particle sector. The structures discussed in this work are: - the quantum group interpretation of the roots of unity truncations recovered from reps of the quantum superalgebra ${\cal U}_q({osp}(1|2))$; - the reconstruction, via suitable intertwining operators, of the braided tensor products as ordinary tensor products; - the introduction of mixed brackets for the braided creation/annihilation operators which define generalized Heisenberg-Lie algebras; - the $s\rightarrow \infty$ untruncated limit of the mixed-bracket Heisenberg-Lie algebras producing parafermionic oscillators; - (meta)symmetries of ordinary differential equations given by matrix Schrödinger equations in $0+1$ dimension induced by the braided creation/annihilation operators; - in the special case of a third root of unity truncation, a nonminimal realization of the intertwining operators defines the system as a ternary algebra.
description: Final version to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. (33 pages; subsection 9.1 and two extra references added, no further changes)
Searching Learning Strategy with Reinforcement Learning for 3D Medical Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Yang, Dong
name: Roth, Holger
name: Xu, Ziyue
name: Milletari, Fausto
name: Zhang, Ling
name: Xu, Daguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural network (DNN) based approaches have been widely investigated and deployed in medical image analysis. For example, fully convolutional neural networks (FCN) achieve the state-of-the-art performance in several applications of 2D/3D medical image segmentation. Even the baseline neural network models (U-Net, V-Net, etc.) have been proven to be very effective and efficient when the training process is set up properly. Nevertheless, to fully exploit the potentials of neural networks, we propose an automated searching approach for the optimal training strategy with reinforcement learning. The proposed approach can be utilized for tuning hyper-parameters, and selecting necessary data augmentation with certain probabilities. The proposed approach is validated on several tasks of 3D medical image segmentation. The performance of the baseline model is boosted after searching, and it can achieve comparable accuracy to other manually-tuned state-of-the-art segmentation approaches.
description: 9 pages, 1 figures
A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIVE SWEETPOTATO SHIPPING CONTAINERS
Creators: name: Estes, Edmund A.
name: Wilson, L. George
name: Bandele, Owusu
name: Estes, Edmund A.
name: Wilson, L. George
name: Bandele, Owusu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Using a six x six latin square experimental design, five box types in two different markets were evaluated over a six-week period in 1986 to determine if sweetpotato arrival damage could be reduced through use of alternative shipping containers. Findings indicated that skinning, cut and break damage, and bruising could be reduced through use of either a 40-pound container or the 45-pound MUM box rather than using the current 50-pound box. Economic considerations, receiver preferences, and the actions of shippers resulted in the selection of a 40-pound shipping carton as the new standard for the North Carolina sweetpotato industry.
Symmetrization, quantum images and measurement
Creators: name: Shafee, Fariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that symmetrization of an incoming microstate with similar states in a sea of microstates contained in a macroscopic detector can produce an effective image, which does not contradict the no-cloning theorem, and such a combinatorial set can then be used with first passage random walk interactions suggested in an earlier work to give the right quantum mechanical weight for measured eigenvalues.
THE FOODSERVICE INDUSTRY: A PROFILE AND EXAMINATION OF EASTERN FOODSERVICE DISTRIBUTORS
Creators: name: Peavey, Stephanie R.
name: Kezis, Alan S.
name: Smith, Duane A.
name: Peavey, Stephanie R.
name: Kezis, Alan S.
name: Smith, Duane A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The foodservice industry has grown rapidly over the past two decades and represents a major market for agricultural producers. The expansion of the foodservice industry has precipitated changes in the organization and structure of the industry and its distribution chain. The central link of particular interest to suppliers is the foodservice distributor industry. In addition to describing the organizational and structural components of the foodservice industry, this research describes the function of the foodservice distributors and analyzes key characteristics of distributors located throughout the eastern United States.
Additional file 2 of The evolved divergence of γ-secretase-susceptibility of homologous proteins Ngfrb and Nradd in zebrafish
Creators: name: Jayne, Tanya
name: Newman, Morgan
name: Baer, Lachlan
name: Lardelli, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Materials and methods. Materials and methods detailed description.
Structural identities in the first order formulation of quantum gravity
Creators: name: Brandt, F. T.
name: Frenkel, J.
name: Martins-Filho, S.
name: McKeon, D. G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the self-consistency of the first order formulation of quantum gravity, which may be attained by introducing, apart from the graviton field, another auxiliary quantum field. By comparing the forms of the generating functional $Z$ before and after integrating out the additional field, we derive a set of structural identities which must be satisfied by the Green's functions at all orders. These are distinct from the usual Ward identities, being necessary for the self-consistency of the first order formalism. They relate the Green's functions involving the additional quantum field to those containing a certain composite graviton field, which corresponds to its classical value. Thereby, the structural identities lead to a simple interpretation of the auxiliary field.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures. Added references
An Experimental Investigation of Willingness to Pay for Non-GM and Organic Food Products
Creators: name: Gifford, Katie
name: Bernard, John C.
name: Toensmeyer, Ulrich C.
name: Bacon, J. Richard
name: Gifford, Katie
name: Bernard, John C.
name: Toensmeyer, Ulrich C.
name: Bacon, J. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The appearance and rapid adoption of genetically modified (GM) foods and the strong growth in organic foods are two of the major trends that have influenced the food system over the past several years. The purpose of this research was to determine consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for non-GM and organic foods relative to conventional foods and to see if WTP differences between the three categories vary between fresh and processed food products. Experimental auctions with 133 subjects from three states (Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania) were conducted. Tobit models were run with the bids as functions of demographic and knowledge and attitude variables. Results suggest an untapped market exists for non-GM products at a substantial premium over conventional, yet less than organic. This segment may be difficult to identify though as attitude variables were more important explainers of bids than demographics.
A nuclear model with explicit mesons
Creators: name: Fedorov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nuclear model is proposed where the nucleons interact by emitting and absorbing mesons, and where the mesons are treated explicitly. A nucleus in this model finds itself in a quantum superposition of states with different number of mesons. Transitions between these states hold the nucleus together. The model---in its simplest incarnation---is applied to the deuteron, where the latter becomes a superposition of a neutron-proton state and a neutron-proton-meson state. Coupling between these states leads to an effective attraction between the nucleons and results in a bound state with negative energy, the deuteron. The model is able to reproduce the accepted values for the binding energy and the charge radius of the deuteron. The model, should it work in practice, has several potential advantages over the existing non-relativistic few-body nuclear models: the reduced number of model parameters, natural inclusion of few-body forces, and natural inclusion of mesonic physics.
A Study of Heavy Flavoured Meson Fragmentation Functions in e+ e- annihilation
Creators: name: Cacciari, Matteo
name: Nason, Paolo
name: Oleari, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare QCD theoretical predictions for heavy flavoured mesons fragmentation spectra in e+ e- annihilation with data from CLEO, BELLE and LEP. We include several effects in our calculation: next-to-leading order initial conditions, evolution and coefficient functions. Soft-gluon effects are resummed at next-to-leading-log accuracy. A matching condition for the crossing of the bottom threshold in evolution is also implemented at next-to-leading order accuracy. Important initial-state electromagnetic radiation effects in the CLEO and BELLE data are accounted for. We find that, with reasonably simple choices of a non-perturbative correction to the fixed-order initial condition for the evolution, the data from CLEO and BELLE can be fitted with remarkable accuracy. The fitted fragmentation function, when evolved to LEP energies, does not however represent fairly the D* fragmentation spectrum measured by ALEPH. Large non-perturbative corrections to the coefficient functions of the meson spectrum are needed in order to reconcile CLEO/BELLE and ALEPH results. Non-perturbative parameters extracted from the fits to e+ e- fragmentation data for D/D* and B mesons are tabulated. They can be employed in the theoretical predictions for the production of charmed and bottomed mesons in hadron-hadron, photon-hadron and photon-photon collisions.
description: 48 pages, 24 figures
Additional file 3 of The evolved divergence of γ-secretase-susceptibility of homologous proteins Ngfrb and Nradd in zebrafish
Creators: name: Jayne, Tanya
name: Newman, Morgan
name: Baer, Lachlan
name: Lardelli, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Construct overviews and full sequences. Descriptions of construct structures.
1878: Bradford Ginger Beer Bottle
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: A group of us visit France and Belgium regularly and have got to know a gent there in Bus les Artois who found when digging his garden an old bottle inscribed 'Bradford'. He kept it and gave it us on our next visit. It also said 'Undercliffe', a suburb in Bradford where there's a huge cemetery with lots of military from all conflicts. After more study we discovered that the bottle was made by Milnes and Son, ginger beer, in a factory in Undercliffe. It was presented to Undercliffe Cemetery and is shown to visiting parties there. It was very probably sent as a gift to a soldier of the Bradford Pals, who were based there in 1916 before and after the Battle of the Somme.
Line identification in soft X-ray spectra of stellar coronae by comparison with the hottest white dwarf's photosphere: Procyon, alpha Cen A+B, and H1504+65
Creators: name: Werner, K.
name: Drake, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: H1504+65 is a young white dwarf with an effective temperature of 200,000 K and is the hottest post-AGB star ever analysed with detailed model atmospheres. Chandra LETG+HRC-S spectra have revealed the richest X-ray absorption line spectrum recorded from a stellar photosphere to date. The line forming regions in this extremely hot photosphere produce many transitions in absorption that are also observed in emission in cool star coronae. We have performed a detailed comparison of Chandra spectra of H1504+65 with those of Procyon and alpha Cen A and B. State of the art non-LTE model spectra for the hot white dwarf have enabled us to identify a wealth of absorption lines from highly ionized O, Ne and Mg. In turn, these features have allowed us to identify coronal lines whose origins were hitherto unknown.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
AutoEmbedder: A semi-supervised DNN embedding system for clustering
Creators: name: Ohi, Abu Quwsar
name: Mridha, M. F.
name: Safir, Farisa Benta
name: Hamid, Md. Abdul
name: Monowar, Muhammad Mostafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Clustering is widely used in unsupervised learning method that deals with unlabeled data. Deep clustering has become a popular study area that relates clustering with Deep Neural Network (DNN) architecture. Deep clustering method downsamples high dimensional data, which may also relate clustering loss. Deep clustering is also introduced in semi-supervised learning (SSL). Most SSL methods depend on pairwise constraint information, which is a matrix containing knowledge if data pairs can be in the same cluster or not. This paper introduces a novel embedding system named AutoEmbedder, that downsamples higher dimensional data to clusterable embedding points. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research endeavor that relates to traditional classifier DNN architecture with a pairwise loss reduction technique. The training process is semi-supervised and uses Siamese network architecture to compute pairwise constraint loss in the feature learning phase. The AutoEmbedder outperforms most of the existing DNN based semi-supervised methods tested on famous datasets.
description: The manuscript is accepted and published in Knowledge-Based System
Parental Time and Children's Obesity Measures
Creators: name: You, Wen
name: Davis, George C.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: McIntosh, Alex
name: You, Wen
name: Davis, George C.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: McIntosh, Alex
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: We develop a theoretical model that includes household production and parental time allocation to explore the effects of parental time allocation on children's obesity-related measures. We utilize a unique primary household survey dataset that has health measures and time diary records on each parent and a child in the household.
Driving a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier into chaos: effects of a non-sinusoidal current-phase relation
Creators: name: Guarcello, Claudio
name: Barone, Carlo
name: Carapella, Giovanni
name: Granata, Veronica
name: Filatrella, Giovanni
name: Giachero, Andrea
name: Pagano, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we develop a comprehensive numerical analysis of the dynamic response of a Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) by varying the driving parameters, with a focus on the pathways leading to chaotic behavior. By tuning the working conditions, we capture the broad spectrum of dynamical regimes accessible to JTWPAs, delineating the settings under which transition to chaos occurs. Furthermore, we extend our investigation to device formed by junctions characterized by a non--sinusoidal current phase relation (CPR) and exploring the impact of its shape on the amplifier's performance. Through the study of gain characteristics, Poincaré sections, and Fourier spectra, we provide an in-depth understanding of how non-linearity and CPR nonsinusoidality influence the JTWPAs' operational effectiveness and stability. This investigation offers insights into optimizing the device designs for enhanced performance and robustness against chaotic disruptions, in order to establish a framework for predicting and controlling JTWPA behavior in practical applications. This effort will pave the way for the development of devices with tailored dynamic responses and for advancements in quantum computing and precision measurement technologies, where stability and high fidelity are of paramount importance.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Finite Volume Corrections to the Two-Particle Decay of States with Non-Zero Momentum
Creators: name: Christ, Norman H.
name: Kim, Changhoan
name: Yamazaki, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of finite volume on the two-particle decay rate of an unstable state with non-zero momentum. First Luscher's field-theoretic relation between the infinite volume scattering phase shifts and the quantized energy levels of a finite volume, two-particle system is generalized to the case of non-zero total momentum and compared with the earlier results of Rummukainen and Gottlieb. We then use this result and the method of Lellouch and Luscher to determine the corrections needed for a finite-volume calculation of a two-particle decay amplitude when the decaying particle has non-vanishing center-of-mass momentum.
description: 20 pages with 1 figure
On a chi^2-function with previously estimated background
Creators: name: Almeida, Fernando M. L.
name: Nepomuceno, Andre A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are intensive efforts searching for new phenomena in many present and future scientific experiments such as LHC at CERN, CLIC, ILC and many others. These new signals are usually rare and frequently contaminated by many different background events. Starting from the concept of profile likelihood we obtain what can be called a profile $χ^2$-function for counting experiments which has no background parameters to be fitted. Signal and background statistical fluctuations are automatically taking in account even when the content of some bins are zero. This paper analyzes the profile $χ^2$-function for fitting binned data in counting experiment when signal and background events obey Poisson statistics. The background events are estimated previously, either by Monte Carlo events, ``idle" run events or any other reasonable way. The here studied method applies only when the background and signal are completely independent events, i.e, they are non-coherent events. The profile $χ^2$-function has shown to have a fast convergence, with fewer events, to the ``true'' values for counting experiments as shown in MC toy tests. It works properly even when the bin contents are low and also when the signal to background ratio is small. Other interesting points are also presented and discussed. One of them is that the background parameter does not need to be estimated with very high precision even when there are few signal events during a fitting procedure. An application to Higgs boson discovery is discussed using previously published ATLAS/LHC experiment data.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
1816: Pte William Shaw (letter from King George; billet doux)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: William Shaw was the maternal grandfather of Alan Elsegood. William was a Private in the 1st West Yorkshire Regiment Company B. He was born in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire. He was taken prisoner of war near the St Quentin Sector (The Somme) and detained at Giessen POW camp in Germany. The family received a confirmation Attestation Prisoner of War letter from the International Red Cross detailing the place and date of the capture of William. A letter was also received from King George V on William's release from the POW camp. The letter was in manuscript.
Analytical modeling of micelle growth. 3. Electrostatic free energy of ionic wormlike micelles -- effects of activity coefficients and spatially confined electric double layers
Creators: name: Danov, K. D.
name: Kralchevsky, P. A.
name: Stoyanov, S. D.
name: Cook, J. L.
name: Stott, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hypotheses: To correctly predict the aggregation number and size of wormlike micelles from ionic surfactants, the molecular-thermodynamic theory has to calculate the free energy per molecule in the micelle with accuracy better than 0.01 kT, which is a serious challenge. The problem could be solved if the effects of mutual confinement of micelle counterion atmospheres, as well as the effects of counterion binding, surface curvature and ionic interactions in the electric double layer (EDL), are accurately described. Theory: The electric field is calculated using an appropriate cell model, which takes into account the aforementioned effects. Expressions for the activity coefficients have been used, which vary across the EDL and describe the electrostatic, hard sphere, and specific interactions between the ions. New approach for fast numerical calculation of the electrostatic free energy is developed. Findings: The numerical results demonstrate the variation of quantities characterizing the EDL of cylindrical and spherical micelles with the rise of electrolyte concentration. The effect of activity coefficients leads to higher values of the free energy per surfactant molecule in the micelle as compared with the case of neglected ionic interactions. The results are essential for the correct prediction of the size of wormlike micelles from ionic surfactants. This study can be extended to mixed micelles of ionic and nonionic surfactants for interpretation of the observed synergistic effects.
description: 36 pages, 6 figures, Supplementary Information: 12 pages, 1 figure
Tachyon Kinks in Boundary String Field Theory
Creators: name: Kim, Chanju
name: Kim, Yoonbai
name: Kwon, O-Kab
name: Yee, Ho-Ung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study tachyon kinks with and without electromagnetic fields in the context of boundary string field theory. For the case of pure tachyon only an array of kink-antikink is obtained. In the presence of electromagnetic coupling, all possible static codimension-one soliton solutions such as array of kink-antikink, single topological BPS kink, bounce, half kink, as well as nonBPS topological kink are found, and their properties including the interpretation as branes are analyzed in detail. Spectrum of the obtained kinks coincides with that of Dirac-Born-Infeld type effective theory.
description: LaTex, 29 pages, 17 Figures
The Structure of Close Binaries in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Deupree, R. G.
name: Karakas, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure and evolution of close binary stars has been studied using the two-dimensional (2D) stellar structure algorithm developed by Deupree (1995). We have calculated a series of solar composition stellar evolution sequences of binary models, where the mass of the 2D model is 8Msun with a point-mass 5Msun companion. We have also studied the structure of the companion in 2D, by considering the zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) structure of a 5Msun model with an 8Msun point-mass companion. In all cases the binary orbit was assumed to be circular and co-rotating with the rotation rate of the stars. We considered binary models with three different initial separations, a = 10, 14 and 20Rsun. These models were evolved through central hydrogen burning or until the more massive star expanded to fill its critical potential surface or Roche lobe. The calculations show that evolution of the deep interior quantities is only slightly modified from those of single star evolution. Describing the model surface as a Roche equipotential is also satisfactory until very close to the time of Roche lobe overflow, when the self gravity of the model about to lose mass develops a noticeable aspherical component and the surface time scale becomes sufficiently short that it is conceivable that the actual surface is not an equipotential.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
Crop Substitution on UK Sugar Beet Farms and its Effects on the Environment: A Multi-Product Cost Function Approach
Creators: name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper analyzes the effect that the imminent reform of the EU sugar beet regime will have on United Kingdom (UK) sugar beet farms. Specifically, we estimate a multi-product cost function to analyze the effect the changes on the sugar beet price support and quota will have on the crop allocation of sugar beet farms and their aggregate use of inputs. Based on these estimates we discuss the implications that changes in the crop patterns may have on farm environmental variables such as soil loss and groundwater pollution.
Additional file 4 of The evolved divergence of γ-secretase-susceptibility of homologous proteins Ngfrb and Nradd in zebrafish
Creators: name: Jayne, Tanya
name: Newman, Morgan
name: Baer, Lachlan
name: Lardelli, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Supporting tables for western blot analyses. Densitometry data from western blots and calculated ratios.
Spinor-helicity calculation of the $g^* g^* \to q\overline{q} V^*$ amplitude at the tree level
Creators: name: Ferdyan, Jan
name: Ruba, Błażej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute amplitudes for the process $g^* g^* \to q \overline q V^*$ (two virtual gluons into a quark, antiquark and a boson) at the tree level using the spinor-helicity formalism. The resulting analytic expressions are much shorter than squared amplitudes obtained using trace methods. Our results can be used to expedite numerical calculations in phenomenological studies of the Drell-Yan process in high energy factorization framework.
Mutual Friction in Superfluid Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Andersson, N.
name: Sidery, T.
name: Comer, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss vortex-mediated mutual friction in the two-fluid model for superfluid neutron star cores. Our discussion is based on the general formalism developed by Carter and collaborators, which makes due distinction between transport velocity and momentum for each fluid. This is essential for an implementation of the so-called entrainment effect, whereby the flow of one fluid imparts momentum in the other and vice versa. The mutual friction follows by balancing the Magnus force that acts on the quantised neutron vortices with a resistive force due to the scattering of electrons off of the magnetic field with which each vortex core is endowed. We derive the form of the macroscopic mutual friction force which is relevant for a model based on smooth-averaging over a collection of vortices. We discuss the coefficients that enter the expression for this force, and the timescale on which the two interpenetrating fluids in a neutron star core are coupled. This discussion confirms that our new formulation accords well with previous work in this area.
description: MNRAS style, 10 pages
Additional file 5 of The evolved divergence of γ-secretase-susceptibility of homologous proteins Ngfrb and Nradd in zebrafish
Creators: name: Jayne, Tanya
name: Newman, Morgan
name: Baer, Lachlan
name: Lardelli, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. Raw western immunoblot data. Images of western blots from which densitometry data were derived.
Lightweight Modules for Efficient Deep Learning based Image Restoration
Creators: name: Lahiri, Avisek
name: Bairagya, Sourav
name: Bera, Sutanu
name: Haldar, Siddhant
name: Biswas, Prabir Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Low level image restoration is an integral component of modern artificial intelligence (AI) driven camera pipelines. Most of these frameworks are based on deep neural networks which present a massive computational overhead on resource constrained platform like a mobile phone. In this paper, we propose several lightweight low-level modules which can be used to create a computationally low cost variant of a given baseline model. Recent works for efficient neural networks design have mainly focused on classification. However, low-level image processing falls under the image-to-image' translation genre which requires some additional computational modules not present in classification. This paper seeks to bridge this gap by designing generic efficient modules which can replace essential components used in contemporary deep learning based image restoration networks. We also present and analyse our results highlighting the drawbacks of applying depthwise separable convolutional kernel (a popular method for efficient classification network) for sub-pixel convolution based upsampling (a popular upsampling strategy for low-level vision applications). This shows that concepts from domain of classification cannot always be seamlessly integrated into image-to-image translation tasks. We extensively validate our findings on three popular tasks of image inpainting, denoising and super-resolution. Our results show that proposed networks consistently output visually similar reconstructions compared to full capacity baselines with significant reduction of parameters, memory footprint and execution speeds on contemporary mobile devices.
description: Accepted at: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (Early Access Print) | |Codes Available at: https://github.com/avisekiit/TCSVT-LightWeight-CNNs | Supplementary Document at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BQhkh33Sen-d0qOrjq5h8ahw2VCUIVLg/view?usp=sharing
Deconfinement and chiral phase transitions in quark matter with chiral imbalance
Creators: name: Azeredo, Francisco X.
name: Duarte, Dyana C.
name: Farias, Ricardo L. S.
name: Krein, Gastão
name: Ramos, Rudnei O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamics of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model considering the effects of an effective chiral chemical potential. We offer a new parametrization of the Polyakov-loop potential depending on temperature and the chiral chemical potential which, when used together with a proper regularization scheme of vacuum contributions, predicts results consistent with those from lattice simulations.
description: Replaced with the version matching the published one in the Physical Review D
Rethinking Case Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 from a data-driven viewpoint
Creators: name: Rosakis, Phoebus
name: Marketou, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The case fatality ratio (CFR) for COVID-19 is difficult to estimate. One difficulty is due to ignoring or overestimating time delay between reporting and death. We claim that all of these cause large errors and artificial time dependence of the CFR. We find that for each country, there is a unique value of the time lag between reported cases and deaths versus time, that yields the optimal correlation between them is a specific sense. We find that the resulting corrected CFR (deaths shifted back by this time lag, divided by cases) is actually constant over many months, for many countries, but also for the entire world. This optimal time lag and constant CFR for each country can be found through a simple data driven algorithm. The traditional CFR (ignoring time lag) is spuriously time-dependent and its evolution is hard to quantify. Our corrected CFR is constant over time, therefore an important index of the pandemic in each country, and can be inferred from data earlier on, facilitating improved early estimates of COVID-19 mortality.
description: accepted in Journal of Infection; 11 pages, 2 figures, 11 references, supplementary appendix
MEASURING SCOPE AND SCALE EFFICIENCY GAINS DUE TO SPECIALIZATION
Creators: name: Helmers, Glenn A.
name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Helmers, Glenn A.
name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Shaik, Saleem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Using the non-parametric linear programming approach, this study examines overall efficiency gains due to diversification between crop and livestock enterprises for a sample of Kansas farms. Overall efficiency gains were decomposed into scope efficiency gains and scale efficiency gains. Farms with both crops and livestock were found to be less efficient than farms with just crops or just livestock. Operator age, profit margin, and farm size were significantly related to overall efficiency.
Implementation of Recreation Fees by the U.S. Forest Service: 1996-2002
Creators: name: Espey, Molly
name: Espey, Molly
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In recognition of the potential for recreational use fees to contribute to the operation, maintenance, and enhancement of public lands, Congress passed the Recreation Fee Demonstration Program in 1996, authorizing federal land management agencies to charge recreational use fees and retain the revenue. This study analyzes the response of federal land managers to this authority through estimation of the factors that influenced the fee setting decision by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) between 1996 and 2003. Both forest size and the availability of substitutes are estimated to delay fee implementation, while a large local population has a positive influence on the fee setting decision.
Black hole evaporation: A paradigm
Creators: name: Ashtekar, Abhay
name: Bojowald, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A paradigm describing black hole evaporation in non-perturbative quantum gravity is developed by combining two sets of detailed results: i) resolution of the Schwarzschild singularity using quantum geometry methods; and ii) time-evolution of black holes in the trapping and dynamical horizon frameworks. Quantum geometry effects introduce a major modification in the traditional space-time diagram of black hole evaporation, providing a possible mechanism for recovery of information that is classically lost in the process of black hole formation. The paradigm is developed directly in the Lorentzian regime and necessary conditions for its viability are discussed. If these conditions are met, much of the tension between expectations based on space-time geometry and structure of quantum theory would be resolved.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, v2: new references and discussion of relation to other ideas