cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HORUS communication tools
Creators: name: Mey, Devi
name: Parisotto, Chiara
name: Kaminski, Hannah
name: Gregoire, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: communication

description: Communication tools were prepared by ESOT, assisted by UBx. ESOT proposed different items (logo, brochures, PowerPoint, templates...) for strategic communication and HORUS project’s visibility. Each beneficiary shall ensure that the results are promoted according to the project’s strategic messages and using the Logo. The structured deliverable templates and guidelines for HORUS branding will be sent to all partners and will be stored on UBCloud (https://ubcloud.u- bordeaux.fr). High-quality, non-confidential information will be shared through social media and on the consortium's website.
Cross-correlation cosmography with HI intensity mapping
Creators: name: Pourtsidou, Alkistis
name: Bacon, David
name: Crittenden, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross-correlation of a foreground density field with two different background convergence fields can be used to measure cosmographic distance ratios and constrain dark energy parameters. We investigate the possibility of performing such measurements using a combination of optical galaxy surveys and HI intensity mapping surveys, with emphasis on the performance of the planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Using HI intensity mapping to probe the foreground density tracer field and/or the background source fields has the advantage of excellent redshift resolution and a longer lever arm achieved by using the lensing signal from high redshift background sources. Our results show that, for our best SKA-optical configuration of surveys, a constant equation of state for dark energy can be constrained to $\simeq 8\%$ for a sky coverage $f_{\rm sky}=0.5$ and assuming a $σ(Ω_{\rm DE})=0.03$ prior for the dark energy density parameter. We also show that using the CMB as the second source plane is not competitive, even when considering a COrE-like satellite.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Photodegradation and self-healing in a Rhodamine 6G dye and Y$_2$O$_3$ nanoparticle-doped polyurethane random laser
Creators: name: Anderson, Benjamin R.
name: Gunawidjaja, Ray
name: Eilers, Hergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fundamental difficulties in implementing organic dyes in random lasers is irreversible photodegradation of the dye molecules, leading to loss of performance and the need to replace the dye. We report the observation of self-healing after photodegradation in a Rhodamine 6G dye and nanoparticle doped polyurethane random laser. During irradiation we observe two distinct temporal regions in which the random lasing (RL) emission first increases in intensity and redshifts, followed by further redshifting, spectral broadening, and decay in the emission intensity. After irradiation the emission intensity is found to recover back to its peak value, while still being broadened and redshifted, which leads to the result of an enhancement of the spectrally integrated intensity. We also perform IR-VIS absorbance measurements and find that the results suggest that during irradiation some of the dye molecules form dimers and trimers and that the polymer host is irreversibly damaged by photooxidation and Norrish type I photocleavage.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Chlamydia Prevalence Trends among Women and Men Entering the National Job Training Program from 1990 Through 2012
Creators: name: Fine, Jason P.
name: Learner, Emily R.
name: Torrone, Elizabeth A.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Miller, William C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Background Evaluating chlamydia prevalence trends from sentinel surveillance is important for understanding population disease burden over time. However, prevalence trend estimates from surveillance data may be misleading if they do not account for changes in risk profiles of individuals who are screened (case mix) and changing performance of the screening tests used. Methods We analyzed chlamydia screening data from a sentinel surveillance population of 389,555 young women (1990-2012) and 303,699 young men (2003-2012) entering the US National Job Training Program. This period follows the introduction of national chlamydia screening programs designed to prevent transmission and reduce population disease burden. After ruling out bias due to case mix, we used an expectation-maximization-based maximum likelihood approach to account for measurement error from changing screening tests, and generated minimally biased long-term chlamydia prevalence trend estimates among youth and young adults in this sentinel surveillance population. Results Adjusted chlamydia prevalence among women was high throughout the study period, but fell from 20% in 1990 to 12% in 2003, and remained between 12% and 14% through 2012. Adjusted prevalence among men was steady throughout the study period at approximately 7%. For both women and men, adjusted prevalence was highest among Black and American Indian youth and young adults, and in the Southern and Midwestern regions of the United States throughout the study period. Conclusions Our minimally biased trend estimates provide support for an initial decrease in chlamydia prevalence among women soon after the introduction of national chlamydia screening programs. Constant chlamydia prevalence in more recent years suggests that screening may not be sufficient to further reduce chlamydia prevalence among high-risk youth and young adults.
Vector boson production at hadron colliders: transverse-momentum resummation and leptonic decay
Creators: name: Catani, Stefano
name: de Florian, Daniel
name: Ferrera, Giancarlo
name: Grazzini, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the transverse-momentum ($q_T$) distribution of Drell-Yan lepton pairs produced, via $W$ and $Z/γ^*$ decay, in hadronic collisions. At small values of $q_T$, we resum the logarithmically-enhanced perturbative QCD contributions up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. Resummed results are consistently combined with the known ${\mathcal O}(α_S^2)$ fixed-order results at intermediate and large values of $q_T$. Our calculation includes the leptonic decay of the vector boson with the corresponding spin correlations, the finite-width effects and the full dependence on the final-state lepton(s) kinematics. The computation is encoded in the numerical program DYRes, which allows the user to apply arbitrary kinematical cuts on the final-state leptons and to compute the corresponding distributions in the form of bin histograms. We present a comparison of our results with some of the available LHC data. The inclusion of the leptonic decay in the resummed calculation requires a theoretical discussion on the $q_T$ recoil due to the transverse momentum of the produced vector boson. We present a $q_T$ recoil procedure that is directly applicable to $q_T$ resummed calculations for generic production processes of high-mass systems in hadron collisions.
description: Comments and references added, additional quantitative information included in some figures, results unchanged, version to appear on JHEP
Observation of nonlinear variations in three-vertex geometric phase in two-photon polarization qutrit
Creators: name: Ogawa, Kazuhisa
name: Tamate, Shuhei
name: Kobayashi, Hirokazu
name: Nakanishi, Toshihiro
name: Kitano, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally observed nonlinear variations in the three-vertex geometric phase in a two- photon polarization qutrit. The three-vertex geometric phase is defined by three quantum states, which generally forms a three-state (qutrit) system. By changing one of the three constituent states, we observed two rapid increases in the three-vertex geometric phase. The observed variations are inherent in a three-state system and cannot be observed in a two-state system. We used a time-reversed two-photon interferometer to measure the geometric phase with much more intense signals than those of a typical two-photon interferometer.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Socioecological Factors Related to Hazardous Alcohol use among Female Sex Workers in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Mixed Methods Study
Creators: name: Hoffman, Irving F.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Lungu, Thandie
name: Mmodzi, Pearson
name: Go, Vivian F.
name: Hershow, Rebecca B.
name: Lancaster, Kathryn E.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: MacLean, Sarah A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Background: Alcohol use is pervasive among female sex workers (FSW) placing them at increased risk of violence and sexual risk behaviors. FSW often live and work where alcohol is highly normative. Objective: To understand the socioecological influences on hazardous alcohol use among FSW in Malawi. Methods: In 2014, 200 FSW identified through venue-based sampling in Lilongwe, Malawi, completed a quantitative behavioral survey, with a sub-sample participating in qualitative interviews. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to identify associations between hazardous alcohol use (AUDIT score ≥ 7) and time in sex work, clients per week, unprotected sex, alcohol use with clients, and living environment. Qualitative interviews enhanced findings from quantitative data and identify emergent themes around socioecological influences on alcohol use. Results: Over 50% reported hazardous alcohol use and lived in an alcohol-serving venue. Hazardous alcohol use was associated with sex work duration of ≥2 years (aPR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.02,1.65) and alcohol use at last sex with a client (aPR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.06,1.57). FSW perceived alcohol as a facilitator for sex work by reducing inhibitions and attracting clients, but acknowledged alcohol leads to violence and/or unprotected sex. Despite these risks and a motivation to reduce use, FSW feared that refusing to drink would be tantamount to turning away clients. Conclusions: Although FSW recognized alcohol-related risks, the norms and power dynamics of sex work perpetuated hazardous alcohol use. Multilevel interventions are needed to collectively change norms around drinking and sex work that will enable FSW to reduce alcohol consumption when engaging in their work.
Measuring the lensing potential with tomographic galaxy number counts
Creators: name: Montanari, Francesco
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the lensing potential can be measured tomographically with future galaxy surveys using their number counts. Such a measurement is an independent test of the standard $Λ$CDM framework and can be used to discern modified theories of gravity. We perform a Fisher matrix forecast based on galaxy angular-redshift power spectra, assuming specifications consistent with future photometric Euclid-like surveys and spectroscopic SKA-like surveys. For the Euclid-like survey we derive a fitting formula for the magnification bias. Our analysis suggests that the cross correlation between different redshift bins is very sensitive to the lensing potential such that the survey can measure the amplitude of the lensing potential at the same level of precision as other standard $Λ$CDM cosmological parameters.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures; added figure 3, appendix C and references; version accepted by JCAP
Non-renormalization Theorems without Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Cheung, Clifford
name: Shen, Chia-Hsien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a new class of one-loop non-renormalization theorems that strongly constrain the running of higher dimension operators in a general four-dimensional quantum field theory. Our logic follows from unitarity: cuts of one-loop amplitudes are products of tree amplitudes, so if the latter vanish then so too will the associated divergences. Finiteness is then ensured by simple selection rules that zero out tree amplitudes for certain helicity configurations. For each operator we define holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights, $(w,\overline w) =(n - h,n+h)$, where $n$ and $h$ are the number and sum over helicities of the particles created by that operator. We argue that an operator ${\cal O}_i$ can only be renormalized by an operator ${\cal O}_j$ if $w_i \geq w_j$ and $\overline w_i \geq \overline w_j$, absent non-holomorphic Yukawa couplings. These results explain and generalize the surprising cancellations discovered in the renormalization of dimension six operators in the standard model. Since our claims rely on unitarity and helicity rather than an explicit symmetry, they apply quite generally.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, and 2 tables
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among a Population of HIV-Infected Men and Women in Routine HIV Care in the United States
Creators: name: Weaver, Mark A.
name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Christopoulos, Katherina
name: Mugavero, Michael
name: Bengston, Angela, M.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Crane, Heidi
name: O'Clerlrigh, Conall
name: Mlmlaga, Matthew J.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Mathews, W. Christoper
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Depressive symptoms vary in severity and chronicity. We used group-based trajectory models to describe trajectories of depressive symptoms (measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and predictors of trajectory group membership among 1493 HIV-infected men (84%) and 292 HIV-infected women (16%). At baseline, 29% of women and 26% of men had depressive symptoms. Over a median of 30 months of follow-up, we identified four depressive symptom trajectories for women (labeled “low” [experienced by 56% of women], “mild/moderate” [24%], “improving” [14%], and “severe” [6%]) and five for men (“low” [61%], “mild/moderate” [14%], “rebounding” [5%], “improving” [13%], and “severe” [7%]). Baseline antidepressant prescription, panic symptoms, and prior mental health diagnoses were associated with more severe or dynamic depressive symptom trajectories. Nearly a quarter of participants experienced some depressive symptoms, highlighting the need for improved depression management. Addressing more severe or dynamic depressive symptom trajectories may require interventions that additionally address mental health comorbidities.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa LCT-PA102 Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa could survived in many natural and artificial environments, and as a opportunistic pathogen, can cause chronic opportunistic infections, which may be fatal sometimes. Here, we sequenced a genome of strain LCT-PA102 to genetic diversity and pathogenicity.
The medium ground finch of the Galapagos Islands
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012

description: The medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) is a seed-eating bird endemic to the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador. It inhabits subtropical or tropical dry forests and shrubland. The medium ground finch is one of "Darwin's finches"; a group of birds that evolved over a few million years from a single ancestral species into multiple species whose beak sizes and shapes are specialized for using different food resources. This species has been the subject of numerous evolutionary studies and is part of a project to sequence 10,000 vertebrate genomes (G10k).
Chelonia mydas Overview
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012

description: Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) live in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide and come onto land only to lay their eggs. This species is endangered with extinction due to a variety of causes that include consumption of their eggs by humans and other animals, loss of beach habitat, and drowning in fishing nets. These turtles are known to migrate hundreds or thousands of kilometers from their foraging grounds to mating sites and nesting beaches and have been found in waters off the coast of Alaska and Great Britain.
Recruitment of female sex workers in HIV prevention trials: Can efficacy endpoints be reached more efficiently?
Creators: name: Donnell, Deborah
name: Boily, Marie-Claude
name: Lancaster, Kathryn E.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Dimitrov, Dobromir T.
name: Wood, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Background/Setting: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of HIV biomedical prevention interventions often enroll participants with varying levels of HIV exposure, including people never exposed to HIV. We assessed whether enrolling larger proportion of participants with consistently high exposure to HIV, such as female sex workers (FSWs), might reduce trial duration and improve the accuracy of product efficacy estimates in future HIV prevention trials. Methods: We used an individual-based stochastic model to simulate event-driven RCTs of an HIV prevention intervention providing 80% reduction in susceptibility per act under different proportions of FSW enrolled. A 5% annual dropout rate was assumed for both FSW and non-FSW in our main scenario, but rates of up to 50% for FSW were also explored. Results: Enrolling 20% and 50% FSW reduced the mediansimulated trial duration from 30 months with 0% FSW enrolled to 22 months and 17 months, respectively. Estimated efficacy increased from 71% for RCTs without FSW to 74% and 76% for RCTs with 20% and 50% FSW enrolled, respectively. Increasing the FSW dropout rate to 50% increased the duration of RCTs by 1-2 months on average and preserved the gain in estimated efficacy. Conclusions: Despite the potential logistical challenges of recruiting and retaining FSW, trialists should revisit the idea of enrolling FSW in settings where HIV incidence among FSW is higher than among non-FSW. Our analysis suggests that enrolling FSW would increase HIV incidence, reduce trial duration, and improve efficacy estimates, even if the annual dropout rate among FSW participants is high.
Dissemination and Communication Report - IntelComp
Creators: name: Parra, Sofía
name: Sanmartín, Joseba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This first monitoring report (Dissemination and Communication Report) on the execution of the Dissemination and Communication Plan of the IntelComp Project describes the communication channels and materials developed to reach the main target groups of the Plan: Public Administration, Society, Industry and Academia. It also takes stock of the specific dissemination activities carried out during the first year of the Project to accomplish the Plan’s objectives: raise awareness of the Project, disseminate its results and support the engagement of external actors with it.
Enterococcus faecium LCT-EF128 Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, alphahemolytic or nonhemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be commensal (innocuous, coexisting organism) in the human intestine, but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis.
Prunus mume Organism overview
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012

description: Prunus mume, domesticated in China more than 3,000 years ago as the important fruit and ornamental plant. Though the common names are 'Chinese plum' and 'Japanese apricot', it is more closely related to the apricot. The tree starts flowering in mid-winter, the fruits ripen in early summer.
Borsuk - Ulam Type spaces
Creators: name: Musin, Oleg R.
name: Volovikov, Alexey Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider spaces with free involutions that satisfy the Borsuk - Ulam theorems (BUT-spaces). There are several equivalent definitions for BUT-spaces that can be considered as their properties. Our main technical tool is Yang's cohomological index.
description: 20 pages
Laboratory Astrophysics Databases of Grains and Ices
Creators: name: Cornelia, Jäger
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: dust
ice
interstellar medium

description: Interstellar dust and ice play a major role in the thermodynamical and chemical evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM), protoplanetary and planetary disks, and planets. Dust including non-refractory ices and refractory dust grains absorb and scatter stellar light and can reemit the absorbed energy from infrared to
 millimeter wavelengths. In addition, it influences the formation rate of H2 and many other complex organic
 molecules being formed either on bare surfaces or in molecular ices on top of grains. Previous and recent
 IR observations with the observatories ISO, Spitzer, Herschel, and now JWST provided and will provide a
 wealth of new spectroscopic data, characterizing solid dust and ice components in various environments.
 The analysis of observed spectral features delivers important information on grain sizes, composition, and
 structure as well as temperature and spatial distribution of the material. For the interpretation of observations and the modelling of important astrophysical processes such as disk and planet formation, the spectral properties of dust and ice in a broad wavelength range are required. The relevant spectral data for interstellar, circumstellar, and protoplanetary grains and ices at different levels of photon-, ion-, thermal-, and collisional induced modifications can be obtained by measurements of cosmic dust and ice analogs in the laboratory. An understanding of both macro- and micro-physical properties of the dust and ice and how these properties evolve with the environment is indispensable. Databases of dust and ice materials are required to offer not only the spectral data, but also important information on the specific properties of the materials and measurement procedures. The current state of databases of optical constants or absorption data of solids containing information on the samples and references to relevant papers as well as information to the measurements or calculations will be discussed.
Yersinia pestis 2501 Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: A new natural plague focus emerged in Junggar Basin region since 2005.We selected strain 2501 that isolated from the main host, Rhombomys opimus, of this region to decipher its genome by the next-generation sequencing technology. The genome sequence of strain 2501 will help to provide information on the evolution and spread process of Y. pestis from other foci to this region, as well as improve the survillence and control the plague epidemic in the local focus.
title: Οι προκλήσεις των μελλοντικών μηχανών εσωτερικής καύσης
title: Challenges of future internal combustion engines
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Αγαλιανός, Πέτρος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Τεχνολογία
Μηχανές εσωτερικής καύσης
Καύσιμα
Κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης

description: Η αστική ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση είναι ένα πολύ περίπλοκο πρόβλημα. Οι εκπομπές καυσαερίων από κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης ευθύνονται για το μεγαλύτερο μέρος αυτού του προβλήματος. Ο στόχος κάθε κινητήρα είναι να μετατρέψει την ενέργεια από κάποια άλλη μορφή σε «μηχανική δύναμη και κίνηση». Οι όροι «μηχανική δύναμη» και «κίνηση» χρησιμοποιούνται για να εκφράσουν τον σημαντικό ρόλο που έχουν τόσο η παραγωγή εργασίας (δηλαδή πόση δύναμη μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί για να μετακινηθεί κάτι σε μια δεδομένη απόσταση), καθώς και η ισχύς εξόδου (πόσο γρήγορα μπορεί να ολοκληρωθεί η εργασία). Η καύση του καυσίμου στους κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης, είναι σχεδόν πάντα ημιτελής και δημιουργεί εκπομπές που μολύνουν το περιβάλλον και συμβάλλουν στην υπερθέρμανση του πλανήτη, στην όξινη βροχή, στην αιθαλομίχλη, σε οσμές, σε αναπνευστικά και πολλά άλλα προβλήματα υγείας. Τα τρέχοντα ζητήματα της κλιματικής αλλαγής και της περιβαλλοντικής ρύπανσης έχουν οδηγήσει στην εμφάνιση της έρευνας για τη μετάβαση στη βιωσιμότητα, η οποία στοχεύει στη δημιουργία περισσότερων βιώσιμων τρόπων παραγωγής και κατανάλωσης. Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία μελετά το πλαίσιο των προκλήσεων των μελλοντικών μηχανών εσωτερικής καύσης. Στόχος της εργασίας αποτελεί τόσο η ανάδειξη της τελευταίας τεχνολογίας, όσο και οι προκλήσεις της τελευταίας τεχνολογίας που μπορεί να εμποδίσουν την γενικότερη ανάπτυξη.
Longitudinal patterns of unmet need for contraception among women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa
Creators: name: Rucinski, Katherine B.
name: Pettifor, Audrey E.
name: Black, Vivian
name: Schwartz, Sheree R.
name: Rees, Helen
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Objectives: Fertility intentions and contraceptive use are often not assessed in the context of clinical HIV care, representing a possible programming gap if women's family planning needs change over time. We aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of unmet need for contraception over a 12-month period among women living with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Study design: 850 non-pregnant, HIV-positive women aged 18-35 on or initiating ART in Johannesburg, South Africa, were enrolled into a prospective cohort study in 2009-2010. Fertility intentions and contraceptive use were assessed during routine HIV care visits via an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and women were referred for on-site contraceptive counseling. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify patterns of unmet need for contraception over 12 months, first in the entire population and then in a subset of recent ART initiators. Results: In the full population we identified four patterns of unmet need for contraception over one year. Half of the enrolled women were predicted to have a consistently high probability of unmet need, 22.9% a consistently low probability, 16.7% a decreasing probability, and 10.4% an increasing probability over time. Contraceptive method discontinuation and rapidly changing fertility intentions were the primary drivers of changing (increasing or decreasing) unmet need over follow-up. Results were similar in recent ART initiators. Conclusions: Half of women were estimated to have a high probability of unmet need that persisted over time, and more than a quarter were estimated to experience patterns of changing unmet need over 12 months. Family planning needs should be assessed more regularly in HIV-positive women to prevent unintended pregnancies and support safer conception among women trying to conceive.
HORUS website
Creators: name: Parisotto, Chiara
name: Mey, Devi
name: Kaminski, Hannah
name: Gregoire, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: website

description: Deliverable D7.8 is a report on the HORUS Project website, which can be considered one of the most relevant dissemination tools to be used by the project consortium to reach a wide public and communicate project progress and results. Therefore, the main content of this document is focused on the description of the project website in terms of design, structure, and content.
High-frequency rheological behaviour of a multiconnected lyotropic phase
Creators: name: Constantin, Doru
name: Palierne, Jean-François
name: Freyssingeas, Éric
name: Oswald, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-frequency (up to $ω = 6 \, 10^4$ rad/s) rheological measurements combined with light-scattering investigations show that an isotropic and multiconnected phase of surfactant micelles exhibits a terminal relaxation time of a few μs, much smaller than in solutions of entangled wormlike micelles. This result is explained in terms of the local hexagonal order of the microscopic structure and we discuss its relevance for the understanding of dynamic behaviour in related systems, such as wormlike micelles and sponge phases.
Prediction of extended high viremia among newly HIV-1-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Kilembe, William
name: Lakhi, Shabir
name: Anzala, Omu
name: Allen, Susan
name: Gilmour, Jill
name: Latka, Mary H.
name: Inambao, Mubiana
name: Sanders, Eduard J.
name: Hunter, Eric
name: Bekker, Linda-Gail
name: Fast, Patricia E.
name: Price, Matthew A.
name: Kamali, Anatoli
name: Karita, Etienne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Objective Prompt identification of newly HIV-infected persons, particularly those who are most at risk of extended high viremia (EHV), allows important clinical and transmission prevention benefits. We sought to determine whether EHV could be predicted during early HIV infection (EHI) from clinical, demographic, and laboratory indicators in a large HIV-1 incidence study in Africa. Design Adults acquiring HIV-1 infection were enrolled in an EHI study assessing acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) symptoms and viral dynamics. Methods Estimated date of infection (EDI) was based on a positive plasma viral load or p24 antigen test prior to seroconversion, or the mid-point between negative and positive serological tests. EHV was defined as mean untreated viral load ≥5 log10 copies/ml 130-330 days post-EDI. We used logistic regression to develop risk score algorithms for predicting EHV based on sex, age, number of ARS symptoms, and CD4 and viral load at diagnosis. Results Models based on the full set of five predictors had excellent performance both in the full population (c-statistic = 0.80) and when confined to persons with each of three HIV-1 subtypes(c-statistic = 0.80-0.83 within subtypes A, C, and D). Reduced models containing only 2-4 predictors performed similarly. In a risk score algorithm based on the final full-population model, predictor scores were one for male sex and enrollment CD4<350 cells/mm3, and two for having enrollment viral load >4.9 log10 copies/ml. With a risk score cut-point of two, this algorithm was 85% sensitive (95% CI: 76%-91%) and 61% specific (55%-68%) in predicting EHV. Conclusions Simple risk score algorithms can reliably identify persons with EHI in sub-Saharan Africa who are likely to sustain high viral loads if treatment is delayed. These algorithms may be useful for prioritizing intensified efforts around care linkage and retention, treatment initiation,adherence support, and partner services to optimize clinical and prevention outcomes.
title: Ηλεκτροφυσιολογικές και Ψυχοφυσικές μέθοδοι διερεύνησης της όρασης. Ανασκόπηση.
title: Electrophysiological and Psychophysical methods of vision investigation. A review.
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Δουλγερίδης, Νικόλαος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ηλεκτροφυσιολογία
Ψυχοφυσιολογία
Διερεύνηση όρασης

description: Η πτυχιακή εργασία, έχει δημιουργηθεί με στόχο την καταγραφή και παρουσίαση των ηλεκτροφυσιολογικών και ψυχοφυσικών μεθόδων διερεύνησης της όρασης. Μια πλήρης οφθαλμολογική εξέταση δεν βασίζεται μόνο στην ανατομική αξιολόγηση των δομών του οφθαλμού και της οπτικής οδού. Για την ολοκληρωμένη αποτύπωση της λειτουργίας της όρασης είναι αναγκαία η διεξαγωγή των παραπάνω εξετάσεων. Οι ηλεκτροφυσιολογικές και οι ψυχοφυσικές μέθοδοι, αποτελούν αναπόσπαστο κομμάτι κάθε οφθαλμολογικής εξέταση. Πρόκειται για μεθόδους οι οποίες προσφέρουν στους ενδιαφερόμενους πολύτιμες πληροφορίες που συμβάλλουν καθοριστικά στην ακριβέστερη διάγνωση, μελέτη και αξιολόγηση των προβλημάτων της όρασης. Οι ηλεκτροφυσιολογικές μέθοδοι, βασίζονται στην μέτρηση συγκεκριμένων βιοχημικών μεταβολών που συμβαίνουν τόσο στα κύτταρα του αμφιβληστροειδή όσο και στα νευρικά κύτταρα της οπτικής οδού, καθώς προσπίπτει στον οφθαλμό ένα φωτεινό ερέθισμα ή ένα σύνολο ερεθισμάτων. Από την άλλη, οι ψυχοφυσικές μέθοδοι έχουν ως στόχο την μελέτη του τρόπου με τον οποίο συνδυάζονται εκατοντάδες χιλιάδες νευρώνες του οπτικού συστήματος και του εγκεφάλου, έτσι ώστε να καταγράψουν μια εικόνα.
The Five Planets in the Kepler-296 Binary System All Orbit the Primary: A Statistical and Analytical Analysis
Creators: name: Barclay, Thomas
name: Quintana, Elisa V.
name: Adams, Fred C.
name: Ciardi, David R.
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
name: Montet, Benjamin T.
name: Caldwell, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kepler-296 is a binary star system with two M-dwarf components separated by 0.2 arcsec. Five transiting planets have been confirmed to be associated with the Kepler-296 system; given the evidence to date, however, the planets could in principle orbit either star. This ambiguity has made it difficult to constrain both the orbital and physical properties of the planets. Using both statistical and analytical arguments, this paper shows that all five planets are highly likely to orbit the primary star in this system. We performed a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo simulation using a five transiting planet model, leaving the stellar density and dilution with uniform priors. Using importance sampling, we compared the model probabilities under the priors of the planets orbiting either the brighter or the fainter component of the binary. A model where the planets orbit the brighter component, Kepler-296A, is strongly preferred by the data. Combined with our assertion that all five planets orbit the same star, the two outer planets in the system, Kepler-296 Ae and Kepler-296 Af, have radii of 1.53 +/- 0.26 and 1.80 +/- 0.31 R_earth, respectively, and receive incident stellar fluxes of 1.40 +/- 0.23 and 0.62 +/- 0.10 times the incident flux the Earth receives from the Sun. This level of irradiation places both planets within or close to the circumstellar habitable zone of their parent star.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
In-Process Porositätserkennung für den PBF-LB/M-Prozess
Creators: name: Weiser, Lukas Matthias
Publisher: name: Shaker Verlag
Year: 2023
Subjects: Additive Fertigung
Porositätserkennung
Prozessüberwachung
Defekterkennung
PBF-LB/M

description: Das Fertigungsverfahren des selektiven Laserschmelzens mit Metallen (PBF-LB/M) wird zunehmend auch für die Herstellung von hochbelastbaren Bauteilen in einer Serienfertigung eingesetzt. Die fehlende Reproduzierbarkeit von Prozessergebnissen und das stochastische Auftreten des Defektes Porosität stellen dabei eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da dieser Defekt einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die mechanischen Kennwerte eines Bauteils hat. Dies kann in der Folge ein Versagen des Bau-teils unter Last zur Folge haben. Aus diesem Grund ist für solche hochbelasteten Bauteile die Qualitätssicherung unerlässlich. Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung auf Porosität erfolgt im industriellen Kontext oftmals durch die Röntgen-Computertomografie (CT). Aufgrund langer Messzeiten entstehen hohe Kosten durch die Qualitätssicherung, welche die Wirtschaftlichkeit des PBF-LB/M-Fertigungsverfahrens einschränken. Je nach verwendetem Material und Bauteilgröße ist eine Porositätsanalyse mittels CT auch technisch nicht möglich. Aus diesen Gründen können alternative in-process Prozessüberwachungen für die industrielle Nutzung des PBF-LB/M-Fertigungsverfahrens einen Vorteil bringen. Bestehende Forschungsansätze zur in-process Porositätserkennung weisen vor allem Defizite im Bereich der industriellen Anwendbarkeit und in der quantitativen Defektcharakterisierung auf. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird mithilfe von Methoden der datengetriebenen Modellbildung eine Prozessüberwachung auf Basis optischer Sensoren und akustischer Körperschallmesstechnik entwickelt, welche die Porositätsverteilung innerhalb eines Bauteils während des Fertigungsprozesses vorher-sagen kann. Dazu werden 104 Probekörper additiv gefertigt und die Sensordaten auf-gezeichnet. Die Probekörper werden nachfolgend mittels Computertomographie auf Porosität untersucht. Diese Informationen werden im Rahmen der datengetriebenen Modellbildung mittels künstlicher neuronaler Netze als Label für das Training genutzt. Die trainierten Modelle sind in der Lage, Bauteile räumlich aufgelöst hinsichtlich ihrer Porosität zu klassifizieren. Dabei können variable Schwellwerte als Klassengrenze genutzt werden. Die quantitative Vorhersage der numerischen Porosität durch Regression sowie die Einzeldefekterkennung bedarf weiterführender Forschungsarbeit. Die Datenfusion von optischer und akustischer Sensorik wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit betrachtet, konnte aber keine besseren Ergebnisse als die separate Betrachtung der Sensoren erzielen. Die Rohdaten der Arbeit werden im Rahmen des Promotionsverfahrens ebenfalls veröffentlicht, um weiterführende Forschungsarbeiten zu ermöglichen.
PMTCT option b+ does not increase preterm birth risk and may prevent extreme prematurity: A retrospective cohort study in Malawi
Creators: name: Chimbwandira, Frank
name: Flick, Robert J.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Chagomerana, Maganizo
name: Tweya, Hannock
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Mumba, Soyapi
name: Hoffman, Irving F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Objective: To estimate preterm birth risk among infants of HIV-infected women in Lilongwe, Malawi, according to maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) status and initiation time under Option B+. Design: A retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected women delivering at ≥27 weeks of gestation, April 2012 to November 2015. Among women on ART at delivery, we restricted our analysis to those who initiated ART before 27 weeks of gestation. Methods: We defined preterm birth as a singleton live birth at ≥27 and <37 weeks of gestation, with births at <32 weeks classified as extremely to very preterm. We used log-binomial models to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between ART and preterm birth. Results: Among 3074 women included in our analyses, 731 preterm deliveries were observed (24%). Overall preterm birth risk was similar in women who had initiated ART at any point before 27 weeks and those who never initiated ART (risk ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.84 to 1.55), but risk of extremely to very preterm birth was 2.33 (1.39 to 3.92) times as great in those who never initiated ART compared with those who did at any point before 27 weeks. Among women on ART before delivery, ART initiation before conception was associated with the lowest preterm birth risk. Conclusions: ART during pregnancy was not associated with preterm birth, and it may in fact be protective against severe adverse outcomes accompanying extremely to very preterm birth. As preconception ART initiation appears especially protective, long-term retention on ART should be a priority to minimize preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies.
Active mechanics reveal molecular-scale force kinetics in living oocytes
Creators: name: Ahmed, Wylie W.
name: Fodor, Etienne
name: Almonacid, Maria
name: Bussonnier, Matthias
name: Verlhac, Marie-Helene
name: Gov, Nir S.
name: Visco, Paolo
name: van Wijland, Frederic
name: Betz, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Active diffusion of intracellular components is emerging as an important process in cell biology. This process is mediated by complex assemblies of molecular motors and cytoskeletal filaments that drive force generation in the cytoplasm and facilitate enhanced motion. The kinetics of molecular motors have been precisely characterized in-vitro by single molecule approaches, however, their in-vivo behavior remains elusive. Here, we study the active diffusion of vesicles in mouse oocytes, where this process plays a key role in nuclear positioning during development, and combine an experimental and theoretical framework to extract molecular-scale force kinetics (force, power-stroke, and velocity) of the in-vivo active process. Assuming a single dominant process, we find that the nonequilibrium activity induces rapid kicks of duration $τ\sim$ 300 $μ$s resulting in an average force of $F \sim$ 0.4 pN on vesicles in in-vivo oocytes, remarkably similar to the kinetics of in-vitro myosin-V. Our results reveal that measuring in-vivo active fluctuations allows extraction of the molecular-scale activity in agreement with single-molecule studies and demonstrates a mesoscopic framework to access force kinetics.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, see ancillary files for Supplementary Materials, * equally contributing authors
Angusticopula rowlingiana Van de Vijver, Wilfert, D. M. John & Houk 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Vijver, Bart Van De
name: Wilfert, Sandra
name: Houk, Vaclav
name: John, David M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Melosirales
Melosiraceae
Angusticopula
Angusticopula rowlingiana

description: Angusticopula rowlingiana Van de Vijver, Wilfert, D.M.John & Houk sp. nov. (Figs 1–18)
LM (Figs 1–12): Frustules cylindrical to short barrel-shaped. Cells always solitary, chains, even short ones, never observed. Numerous discoid plastids present. Valve diameter (n=50): 11.0–15.0 μm, valve height 5.5–6.5 μm. Valves dome-shaped with a relatively low mantle and rounded, flat valve face. Internal valves occasionally present. SEM (Figs 13–18): Valves clearly flat with a low mantle (Fig. 13). Spines absent (Fig. 15). Valves perforated by an irregular pattern of very small, rounded areolae, never arranged into a regular striation pattern (Fig. 16). Valve face/mantle junction covered with small, rounded granules surrounding the entire valve margin (Figs 15, 16). Cingulum composed of a large number of narrow, open, unperforated ligulate copulae (Figs 13–14). Copulae fimbriate on the lower part (Fig. 14, black arrows). Internal valves dome-shaped (Figs 13, 14), perforated by a regular pattern of small pores. Small granules covering the internal valves with a higher concentration of conical granules in the lower part of the internal valves (Fig. 14, white arrows). Internally, irregular ring of rather large rimoportulae present near the mantle edge (Fig. 17, arrows). Internal valve surface perforated by numerous small areolae (Fig. 18).
 Type:— Ascension Island, Atlantic Ocean, Sample Bamboo (14°20’51.53”W / 7°57’6.48”S) (leg. S. Pressel & J. Duckett, April/ May 2014) (holotype BR!, slide no. 4539, isotype PLP! slide no. 354, University of Antwerp, Belgium).
 Etymology:—The species is named after the famous British writer Mrs. J.K. Rowling to honor her for all her efforts to make children read books again, a first step in a possible future career as a scientist.
 Ecology & Distribution:— Angusticopula rowlingiana was extremely dominant in a very wet moss sample taken from a moss ball associated with bamboo roots on Green Mountain. The sample was further characterized by the presence of Eunotia meridioatlantica Van de Vijver et al. (2018: 231) and several Humidophila species.
description: Published as part of Vijver, Bart Van De, Wilfert, Sandra, Houk, Vaclav & John, David M., 2019, Angusticopula rowlingiana, a new melosiroid diatom (Bacillariophyta) from Ascension Island (South Atlantic Ocean), pp. 155-160 in Phytotaxa 388 (2) on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13725457
Impact of early-stage HIV transmission on treatment as prevention
Creators: name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Powers, Kimberly
name: Miller, William C.
name: Kretzschmar, Mirjam E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Timely HIV treatment improves health (1)
and reduces transmission (2). These individual-
level benefits of HIV treatment for both
clinical and preventive purposes are well
established, but several questions remain
about the population-level impact of HIV
treatment as prevention (3). In PNAS, Eaton
and Hallett (4) use a mathematical model to
address one such question: Does the proportion
of transmission during early HIV infection
affect the impact of HIV treatment on
HIV incidence?
Equilibration in closed quantum systems: Application to spin qubits
Creators: name: Hetterich, Daniel
name: Fuchs, Moritz
name: Trauzettel, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an observable-based notion of equilibration and its application to realistic systems like spin qubits in quantum dots. On the basis of the so-called distinguishability, we analytically derive general equilibration bounds, which we relate to the standard deviation of the fluctuations of the corresponding observable. Subsequently, we apply these ideas to the central spin model describing the spin physics in quantum dots. We probe our bounds by analyzing the spin dynamics induced by the hyperfine interaction between the electron spin and the nuclear spins using exact diagonalization. Interestingly, even small numbers of nuclear spins as found in carbon or silicon based quantum dots are sufficient to significantly equilibrate the electron spin.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Optical finite representation of the Lorentz group
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Lara, B. M.
name: Guerrero, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of photonic lattices with an underlying symmetry given by a finite-dimensional representation of the 2+1D Lorentz group. In order to construct such a finite-dimensional representation of a non-compact group, we have to design a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric optical structure. Thus, the array of coupled waveguides may keep or break $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry, leading to a device that behaves like an oscillator or directional amplifier, respectively. We show that the so-called linear $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric dimer belongs to this class of photonic lattices.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures