Goeldia Keyserling 1891
Creators: name: Almeida-Silva, Lina M.
name: Brescovit, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Titanoecidae
Goeldia

description: Genus Goeldia Keyserling, 1891
Goeldia Keyserling, 1891:45, pl. 1, fig. 15. Type species by original designation: G. obscura Keyserling, 1891 (= G. leechi Almeida-Silva & Brescovit nomen novum).
Calleva Simon, 1892: 239. Type species by original designation: C. paupercula Simon, 1892 (= Goeldia luteipes (Keyserling, 1891)); Lehtinen 1967: 236 (Syn.).
Temecula O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896:170. Type species by original designation: T. mexicana O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 (= Goeldia mexicana Leech, 1972); Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958: 6; Lehtinen 1967: 236, fig. 438 (Syn.).
Aymarella Chamberlin, 1916: 209, pl. 9, figs 1–5. Type species by original designation: A. munda Chamberlin, 1916 (= Goeldia funesta Keyserling, 1883); Lehtinen 1967: 236, figs 422, 439, 442 (Syn.).
Diagnosis. Species of Goeldia differ from other Titanoecidae except Anuvinda Lehtinen, 1967 by the presence of a conical, prolateral patellar apophysis on the male palp (Figs 3B–C; 4A–B; 7–21, 23: B–C; 22E). It differs from Anuvinda by the S–shaped prolateral lobe of the DTA (Figs 3, 7–21, 23: C; 22C–E), the entire median lobe of the DTA (Figs 3, 7–21, 23: C; 22D–E) and the presence of a thickening at the end of the pars pendula in the male palp, which will be refered here as the pars pendula thickening (Figs 3, 7–21, 23: D; 22A). The female epigynum in Goeldia is unique when compared to other Titanoecidae by having the median field entire, trapezoidal and with a small rim on the posterior ectal edges and near the copulatory opening area (Figs 3, 9–21, 23: E; 5A). Additionally, part of the copulatory ducts is usually visible by transparency at the copulatory opening area, which is membranous (Figs 3, 9–21, 23: E; 5A) and the spermathecae are divided in multiple, round to elongated chambers (Figs 3, 9–21, 23: F; 5B–D).
Description. Total length (males and females): 3.0–8.20. Carapace with cephalic area higher than thoracic area (Figs 1; 2E; 4H). Fovea longitudinal, reduced to a dark shadow (Figs 1E; 4H). Eyes round, in two straight rows (Figs 2E; 4H). AME smaller than ALE, PLE and PME. Tapetum canoe-shaped median or inner displaced. Chelicerae fang short, with 1/3 of the length of the paturon (Fig. 2A–B). Chelicerae promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two (Fig. 2A). Chilum when present entire, as wide as the interdistance between the AME. Labium square with apex rounded (Fig. 4G). Endite subrectangular (Fig. 4G). Serrula in a single row (Fig. 2G). Sternum with anterior margin straight, laterally rounded, and posterior end pointed between legs IV (Fig. 4G). Leg formula variable but leg III always the shortest. Leg spination very variable, especially on tibia and metatarsus I and II. Males with legs slightly longer than females (Fig. 4I). Male femora I and II and female femur I with one prolateral, subapical spine. In some males the spine on leg II can be lost. Metatarsi I–IV with an apical, median spine on prolateral and retrolateral faces and with one or two apical, ventral spines. Spines usually absent on the dorsal face of leg segments. Superior tarsal claw with seven to twelve denticles (Fig. 2F). Third (inferior) claw with accessory teeth (Fig. 2F). Calamistrum with a single row of setae and covering the whole metatarsus length in females (Fig. 2D) and absent in males except in Goeldia bagumbubu sp. nov., in which it starts after the basal 1/3 of the metatarsus length. Opisthosoma oval, with coloration uniform in shades of brown or black (Fig. 2A–D, F), except in Goeldia zyngierae and G. mirim sp. nov., in which it is maculate with some spots connected as chevron marks at the dorsal end, and in Goeldia portenha sp. nov., in which there is a median dorsal pair of guanine deposits (Fig. 1E). Male without epiandrous spigots (Fig. 6A). Cribellum divided, as wide as spinnerets area (Fig. 6J–L) in females and vestigial, without spigots in males (Fig. 6E). ALS with two MAP in females (Fig. 6F), and one MAP and one nubbin in males (Fig. 6B) all encircled in a Pi field (Fig. 6B, F); PMS with one mAP, CY and AC spigots in the female (Fig. 6G) and male PMS with mAP nubbin and two AC spigots (Fig. 6D). PLS with a triad of PC spigots, AC and Cy spigots also present in female (Fig. 6H–I). Male PLS bearing only AC spigots, PC spigots reduced to nubbin (Fig. 6C).
Palp: dorsal tibial apophysis (DTA) complex, with an ear-shaped RLT, MLT sclerotized at the base and membranous at the apex and PLT S-shaped (Figs 3, 7–21, 23: C; 22C–E); patellar apophysis with variable length and curvature (Figs 3, 7–21: B–C; 4A–B; 22E); cymbium with (Figs 7B; 13B; 21B; 22D) or without modified setae; median apophysis bifid, with a triangular projection bending over a cylindrical projection, both connected at the base by a membrane (Figs 3, 7–21, 23: B, D; 22A–B); embolus thin except at the base; pars pendula narrow, ending before the tip of the embolus and with well-defined thickening (Figs 3, 7–21, 23: D; 22A).
Epigynum: median field posteriorly projected, slightly depressed at the center, posterior lateral edges elevated and forming rims that, sometimes, cover the copulatory openings almost completely (Figs 3, 9–21, 23: E; 5A); copulatory ducts partially visible through the copulatory opening area (Figs 3, 9–21, 23: E; 5A); copulatory ducts short, slightly sinuous, ending in a divided spermatheca (Figs 3, 9–21, 23: F; 5B–D); spermathecae with multiple chambers, L-shaped. An extra spermathecal lobe (S3) located dorsally to (in front of) the vertical spermathecae with vulva in dorsal view can be observed in G. gauderio (Fig. 11F), G. luteipes (Fig. 14F) and Goeldia zyngierae (Fig. 23F); fertilization ducts short and distally narrowed, bent as an S (Figs 3, 9–21, 23: F).
Natural history. Most of the information was obtained from labels. Specimens were collected in bromeliads, walking on the ground, or hiding under stones or inside cracks in dry soil. Many collections are from areas with anthropic disturbance, such as burnt areas or farm fields.
Composition. Seventeen species: Goeldia leechi Almeida-Silva & Brescovit nomen novum (Type species), G. bagumbubu sp. nov., G. chinipensis Leech, 1972, G. diva sp. nov., G. funesta (Keyserling, 1883) reval., G. gauderio sp. nov., G. goytacazes sp. nov., G. guayaquilensis (Schmidt, 1971), G. luteipes (Keyserling, 1891), G. mexicana (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896), G. mirim sp. nov., G. nigra (Mello-Leitão, 1917), G. obscura (Keyserling, 1878), G. patellaris (Simon, 1892), G. portenha sp. nov., G. utcuyacu sp. nov. and G. zyngierae Almeida-Silva et al., 2009.
Distribution. Neotropical: from northern Mexico to southern Argentina (Figs 24–27). Introduced in Florida (USA).
Misplaced species. Goeldia tizamina (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938) is misplaced in Goeldia and will be treated in another publication.
description: Published as part of Almeida-Silva, Lina M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Unraveling the mysteries of Goeldia Keyserling, 1891: revision, description of seven new species and first record from USA (Araneae: Titanoecidae), pp. 151-193 in Zootaxa 5428 (2) on pages 154-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10847364