cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Mechanics and the Principle of Least Radix Economy
Creators: name: Garcia-Morales, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new variational method, the principle of least radix economy, is formulated. The mathematical and physical relevance of the radix economy, also called digit capacity, is established, showing how physical laws can be derived from this concept in a unified way. The principle reinterprets and generalizes the principle of least action yielding two classes of physical solutions: least action paths and quantum wavefunctions. A new physical foundation of the Hilbert space of quantum mechanics is then accomplished and it is used to derive the Schrödinger and Dirac equations and the breaking of the commutativity of spacetime geometry. The formulation provides an explanation of how determinism and random statistical behavior coexist in spacetime and a framework is developed that allows dynamical processes to be formulated in terms of chains of digits. These methods lead to a new (pre-geometrical) foundation for Lorentz transformations and special relativity. The Parker-Rhodes combinatorial hierarchy is encompassed within our approach and this leads to an estimate of the interaction strength of the electromagnetic and gravitational forces that agrees with the experimental values to an error of less than one thousandth. Finally, it is shown how the principle of least-radix economy naturally gives rise to Boltzmann's principle of classical statistical thermodynamics. A new expression for a general (path-dependent) nonequilibrium entropy is proposed satisfying the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
description: 39 pages, 2 figures. Final version. Accepted to Foundations of Physics (Springer)
Iterative Site Percolation on Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Li, Ming
name: Deng, Youjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The site percolation on the triangular lattice stands out as one of the few exactly solved statistical systems. By initially configuring critical percolation clusters of this model and randomly reassigning the color of each percolation cluster, we obtain coarse-grained configurations by merging adjacent clusters that share the same color. It is shown that the process can be infinitely iterated in the infinite-lattice limit, leading to an iterative site percolation model. We conjecture from the self-matching argument that percolation clusters remain fractal for any finite generation, which can even take any positive real number by a generalized process. Extensive simulations are performed, and, from the generation-dependent fractal dimension, a continuous family of previously unknown universalities is revealed.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
El Niño's impact on California precipitation: seasonality, regionality, and El Niño intensity
Creators: name: Jong, Bor-Ting
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Winter
Precipitation (Meteorology)
Meteorology

description: California has experienced severe drought in recent years posing great challenges to agricultural production, water resources, and land management. El Niño, as the prime source of seasonal to interannual climate predictability, offers the potential of amelioration of drought in California. Here El Niño's impacts on California winter precipitation are examined, focusing on variations by season, region, and the strength of El Niño using observational data for the period 1901–2010. The El Niño influence on California precipitation strengthens from early to late winter and is stronger in the south than the north. Eight of ten moderate-to-strong El Niños in the late winter put southern California in the wettest tercile and none of these ten events put northern California in the driest tercile. The early to late winter strengthening of the El Niño impact on precipitation occurs even as El Niño weakens and is associated with a strengthening and eastward extending tropical deep convection anomaly allowed by the late winter warming of the climatological mean sea surface temperature over the tropical eastern Pacific.
Deep-learning statistical downscaling of precipitation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River: A Residual in Residual Dense Block based network
Creators: name: Fu, He
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The model_out_data folder holds the precipitation data output from the GLM, CNN, RDBNet, and RRDBNet models, respectively. RDBNet.ipynb and RRDBNet.ipynb represent the code scripts that build the RDBNet and RRDBNet model structures, respectively. When you want to run the RRDBNet model, you just need to replace the modelCNN module in CNN (https://github.com/SantanderMetGroup/DeepDownscaling) with the modelCNN module in RRDBNet.ipynb. The RDBNet model operates in the same way.
Cyclotrons with Fast Variable and/or Multiple Energy Extraction
Creators: name: Baumgarten, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the principle possibility of stripping extraction in combination with reverse bends in isochronous separate sector cyclotrons (and/or FFAGs). If one uses reverse bends between the sectors (instead of drifts) and places stripper foils at the sector exit edges, the stripped beam has a reduced bending radius and it should be able to leave the cyclotron within the range of the reverse bend - even if the beam is stripped at less than full energy. We are especially interested in $H_2^+$-cyclotrons, which allow to double the charge to mass ratio by stripping. However the principle could be applied to other ions or ionized molecules as well. For the production of proton beams by stripping extraction of an $H_2^+$-beam, we discuss possible designs for three types of machines: First a low-energy cyclotron for the simultaneous production of several beams at multiple energies - for instance 15 MeV, 30 MeV and 70 MeV - thus allowing to have beam on several isotope production targets. In this case it is desired to have a strong energy dependence of the direction of the extracted beam thus allowing to run multiple target stations simultaneously. Second we consider a fast variable energy proton machine for cancer therapy that should allow extraction (of the complete beam) at all energies in the range of about 70 MeV to about 250 MeV into the same beam line. And third, we consider a high intensity high energy machine, where the main design goals are extraction with low losses, low activation of components and high reliability. The price that has to be paid for these advantages is an increase in size and/or in field strength compared to proton machines with standard extraction at the final energy.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Hottest summers the new normal
Creators: name: Camargo, Suzana J.
name: Seth, Anji
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Heat waves (Meteorology)
Climatic changes
Atmospheric temperature
Environmental sciences

description: With the rise in temperature due to anthropogenic climate change, the occurrence of hot summers, temperature extremes and heat waves is increasing globally. Projections for the coming decades to century indicate increases in the occurrence, magnitude and duration of these events. In a recent paper, Mueller et al (2016 Environ. Res. Lett. 11 044011) showed that half of summers are expected to be 'hot' (warmer than the warmest on record) across much of the world in one or two decades. While these results are consistent with earlier work, what is new here includes (i) an earlier timing of emergence of the hot summer signal and (ii) additional confidence due to the rigorous statistical examination of the observations and the analyses of the latest improved suite of model experiments. The potential impacts of these projections on society are extremely serious.
Brain MRI Segmentation with Fast and Globally Convex Multiphase Active Contours
Creators: name: Moreno, Juan C.
name: Prasath, V. B. S.
name: Proenca, Hugo
name: Palaniappan, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6
subject: 68U10

description: Multiphase active contour based models are useful in identifying multiple regions with different characteristics such as the mean values of regions. This is relevant in brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs), allowing the differentiation of white matter against gray matter. We consider a well defined globally convex formulation of Vese and Chan multiphase active contour model for segmenting brain MRI images. A well-established theory and an efficient dual minimization scheme are thoroughly described which guarantees optimal solutions and provides stable segmentations. Moreover, under the dual minimization implementation our model perfectly describes disjoint regions by avoiding local minima solutions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach provides better accuracy than other related multiphase active contour algorithms even under severe noise, intensity inhomogeneities, and partial volume effects.
Response of radial growth to warming and CO2 enrichment in southern Northeast China: a case of Pinus tabulaeformis
Creators: name: Chen, Zhenju
name: Zhang, Xianliang
name: He, Xingyuan
name: Davi, Nicole K.
name: Li, Lulu
name: Bai, Xueping
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dendroclimatology
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Pine
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Botany
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The southern part of northeast China has experienced a marked warming and drying climate. We provide dendrochronological evidence for atmospheric CO2 fertilization and the impacts of warming on Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) growth. The results of this study show that increased temperature has a negative effect on pine growth during a major part of the growing season and a weakly positive effects on growth during the remaining portion of the year. The monthly temperatures explain ca. 20 % of the total variance in the annual radial growth of Chinese pine from 1901 to 2009. An increase of approximately 3–5 °C is the maximum that Chinese pine can tolerate in this region with an annual rainfall of 500–700 mm. Our results suggest a that there is a proportional response to warming only up to a maximum of 1 °C warming, and indicate the complexities of succession in forest ecosystems in terms of adaptation and evolution in local pine populations under a rapid warming condition. In addition, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations have a positive effect on tree growth. This effect can be detected with conventional dendrochronological methods.
Pyxicephalus edulis Peters 1854
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Pyxicephalidae
Pyxicephalus
Pyxicephalus edulis

description: Pyxicephalus edulis Peters, 1854
Peters, 1854. Ber. Bekanntmach. Geeignet. Verhandl. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854: 626.
Syntype: RMNH 2274, 1 spec. Loc.: Mozambique. Leg.: W.H.C. Peters.
 Remarks. Other syntypes are in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (ZMB 3349, 3350, 10056-58, 50260, 50290, and 50301-02). According to Boulenger (1882: 34), a syntype may be a specimen in the Natural History Museum in London, from “Mossambique”, received from W. Peters. The type locality (“Mossambique, Boror, Tette”) was restricted to “Tete” by Loveridge (1953: 375).
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
DAGFiNN: A Conversational Conference Assistant
Creators: name: Kostric, Ivica
name: Balog, Krisztian
name: Aresvik, Tølløv Alexander
name: Bernard, Nolwenn
name: Dørheim, Eyvinn Thu
name: Hantula, Pholit
name: Havn-Sørensen, Sander
name: Henriksen, Rune
name: Hosseini, Hengameh
name: Khlybova, Ekaterina
name: Lajewska, Weronika
name: Mosand, Sindre Ekrheim
name: Orujova, Narmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: DAGFiNN is a conversational conference assistant that can be made available for a given conference both as a chatbot on the website and as a Furhat robot physically exhibited at the conference venue. Conference participants can interact with the assistant to get advice on various questions, ranging from where to eat in the city or how to get to the airport to which sessions we recommend them to attend based on the information we have about them. The overall objective is to provide a personalized and engaging experience and allow users to ask a broad range of questions that naturally arise before and during the conference.
Optical beam dynamics in a gas repetitively heated by femtosecond filaments
Creators: name: Jhajj, N.
name: Cheng, Y. -H.
name: Wahlstrand, J. K.
name: Milchberg, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate beam pointing dynamics in filamentation in gases driven by high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses. Upon suddenly exposing a gas to a kilohertz train of filamenting pulses, the filament is steered from its original direction to a new stable direction whose equilibrium is determined by a balance among buoyant, viscous, and diffusive processes in the gas. Results are shown for Xe and air, but are broadly applicable to all configurations employing high repetition rate femtosecond laser propagation in gases.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Simulating Noisy Variational Quantum Algorithms: A Polynomial Approach
Creators: name: Shao, Yuguo
name: Wei, Fuchuan
name: Cheng, Song
name: Liu, Zhengwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale variational quantum algorithms are widely recognized as a potential pathway to achieve practical quantum advantages. However, the presence of quantum noise might suppress and undermine these advantages, which blurs the boundaries of classical simulability. To gain further clarity on this matter, we present a novel polynomial-scale method based on the path integral of observable's back-propagation on Pauli paths (OBPPP). This method efficiently approximates expectation values of operators in variational quantum algorithms with bounded truncation error in the presence of single-qubit Pauli noise. Theoretically, we rigorously prove: 1) For a constant minimal non-zero noise rate $γ$, OBPPP's time and space complexity exhibit a polynomial relationship with the number of qubits $n$, the circuit depth $L$. 2) For variable $γ$, in scenarios where more than two non-zero noise factors exist, the complexity remains $\mathrm{Poly}\left(n,L\right)$ if $γ$ exceeds $1/\log{L}$, but grows exponential with $L$ when $γ$ falls below $1/L$. Numerically, we conduct classical simulations of IBM's zero-noise extrapolated experimental results on the 127-qubit Eagle processor [Nature \textbf{618}, 500 (2023)]. Our method attains higher accuracy and faster runtime compared to the quantum device. Furthermore, our approach allows us to simulate noisy outcomes, enabling accurate reproduction of IBM's unmitigated results that directly correspond to raw experimental observations. Our research reveals the vital role of noise in classical simulations and the derived method is general in computing the expected value for a broad class of quantum circuits and can be applied in the verification of quantum computers.
TRENDS AND PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Bakayeva Mohira Axrorovna -teacher Narzullayeva Gulchehra Salimovna - teacher Axmedova Farangiz Raxmatillo qizi - student Bukhara State University
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Annotation: The article explores the current trends and prospective directions of global economic development, focusing on the key factors driving the growth and challenges faced by various regions and industries. With globalization and interconnectedness continuing to shape the world economy, understanding these trends and identifying potential directions is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and individuals alike. 
The article highlights the importance of technological advancements, sustainable practices, emerging markets, and geopolitical dynamics in shaping the global economic landscape. Additionally, it discusses the impact of Covid-19 and explores strategies for ensuring inclusive and resilient economic growth.
Keywords: Technological Advancements,emerging markets,Sustainable development, international trade and globalization,digital economy and E-commerce, Shifting Demographics and Urbanization, Sustainable Development and Environmental Concerns,Reshaping of Financial Systems
Are Simulated Megadroughts in the North American Southwest Forced?
Creators: name: Coats, Sloan John
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Droughts
Paleoclimatology--Mathematical models
Climatic changes

description: Multidecadal drought periods in the North American Southwest (25°–42.5°N, 125°–105°W), so-called megadroughts, are a prominent feature of the paleoclimate record over the last millennium (LM). Six forced transient simulations of the LM along with corresponding historical (1850–2005) and 500-yr preindustrial control runs from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are analyzed to determine if atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are able to simulate droughts that are similar in persistence and severity to the megadroughts in the proxy-derived North American Drought Atlas. Megadroughts are found in each of the AOGCM simulations of the LM, although there are intermodel differences in the number, persistence, and severity of these features. Despite these differences, a common feature of the simulated megadroughts is that they are not forced by changes in the exogenous forcing conditions. Furthermore, only the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), version 4, simulation contains megadroughts that are consistently forced by cooler conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean. These La Niña–like mean states are not accompanied by changes to the interannual variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation system and result from internal multidecadal variability of the tropical Pacific mean state, of which the CCSM has the largest magnitude of the analyzed simulations. Critically, the CCSM is also found to have a realistic teleconnection between the tropical Pacific and North America that is stationary on multidecadal time scales. Generally, models with some combination of a realistic and stationary teleconnection and large multidecadal variability in the tropical Pacific are found to have the highest incidence of megadroughts driven by the tropical Pacific boundary conditions.
A control approach to recover the wave speed (conformal factor) from one measurement
Creators: name: Acosta, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35L05, 35R30, 35Q93

description: In this paper we consider the problem of recovering the conformal factor in a conformal class of Riemannian metrics from the boundary measurement of one wave field. More precisely, using boundary control operators, we derive an explicit equation satisfied by the contrast between two conformal factors (or wave speeds). This equation is Fredholm and generically invertible provided that the domain of interest is properly illuminated at an initial time. We also show locally Lipschitz stability estimates.
Shear jamming and fragility in fractal suspensions under confinement
Creators: name: K., Sarika C.
name: Majumdar, Sayantan
name: Sood, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under applied stress, the viscosity of many dense particulate suspensions increases drastically, a response known as discontinuous shear-thickening (DST). In some cases, the applied stress can even transform the suspension into a solid-like shear jammed state. Although shear jamming (SJ) has been probed for dense suspensions with particles having well-defined shapes, such a phenomenon for fractal objects has not been explored. Here, using rheology and in situ optical imaging, we study the flow behaviour of ultra-dilute fractal suspensions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) under confinement. We show a direct transition from flowing to SJ state without a precursory DST in fractal suspensions at an onset volume fraction, $ϕ\sim$ 0.5\%, significantly lower than that of conventional dense suspensions ($ϕ\sim$ 55\%). The ultra-low concentration enables us to demonstrate the fragility and associated contact dynamics of the SJ state, which remain experimentally unexplored in suspensions. Furthermore, using a generalized Wyart-Cates model, we propose a generic phase diagram for fractal suspensions that captures the possibility of SJ without prior DST over a wide range of shear stress and volume fractions.
description: S.I. included, In press Soft Matter (2022)
Is There Anything New under the Sun? (Ecclesiastes 1:9): A Local Report on the Research Practices of Scholars in Religion and Theology
Creators: name: Bidlack, Beth
name: Baker, Matthew C.
name: Bakkalbasi, Nisa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Religion--Research
Library research
Theological libraries
Library science

description: This study of research support services for scholars in religion and theology was sponsored by Ithaka S&R and three professional associations (the American Theological Library Association, the American Academy of Religion, and the Society of Biblical Literature). The Burke Library (Columbia University Libraries) was one of eighteen participating libraries. The overall goals of the study were (1) to understand the research habits and needs of scholars in the fields of religion and theology, and (2) to develop recommendations and strategies for libraries (the Burke Library in particular and ATLA libraries in general) that address these needs by either improving current services or developing new services.
Rana aurea Lesson 1827
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Ranidae
Rana
Rana aurea

description: Rana aurea Lesson, 1827
 Lesson, 1827. In Duperrey (ed.), Voyage Coquille, Zool., 2: 60; pl. 7; fig. 2. Current name: Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1827)
Paralectotype: possibly RMNH 1814, 1 spec. Loc.: Blauwe bergen, Nieuw Holland [Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia]. Don.: R.P. Lesson.
 Remarks. Roux-Estève (1979: 26) designated MNHNP 4857 from Port Jackson as lectotype. The lectotype and a paralectotype (MNHNP 537) are in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. However, in accordance with the type locality given in the original publication (“la rivière Macquarie a Bathurst, au-delà des montagnes Bleues”), RMNH 1814 was probably also part of the type series described by Lesson.
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
Rana Kuhlii Tschudi 1838
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Ranidae
Rana

description: Rana Kuhlii Tschudi, 1838
Tschudi, 1838. Classif. Batr.: 40.
 Current name: Limnonectes kuhlii (Tschudi, 1838)
Syntypes: RMNH 4297, 2 spec. Loc.: “Java” [Indonesia].
 Remarks. There are also syntypes in the Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris (MNHNP 4469).
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
Fluid mixing by curved trajectories of microswimmers
Creators: name: Pushkin, Dmitri O.
name: Yeomans, Julia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the tracer diffusion $D_{rr}$ that arises from the run-and-tumble motion of low Reynolds number swimmers, such as bacteria. Assuming a dilute suspension, where the bacteria move in uncorrelated runs of length $λ$, we obtain an exact expression for $D_{rr}$ for dipolar swimmers in three dimensions, hence explaining the surprising result that this is independent of $λ$. We compare $D_{rr}$ to the contribution to tracer diffusion from entrainment.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
21st Century Technologies and Your Role in the Digital Shift
Creators: name: Cartolano, Robert T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Information services
Information technology
Information science
Library science

description: What is it about this century that differs from the last, if at all? How are technologies, being widely deployed today, affecting our lives as individuals, as organizations and as society? What is the impact of the shift to digital information, digital services and digital infrastructure to our professions and to the world? And what is our role, your role, in adapting to 21st century technologies in the digital shift?
Problema Geographicum De Longitudine Locorum Terrae Per Acum Nauticam indaganda; [1723]
Creators: name: Grammaticus, Nicasius
name: Schreier, Joseph
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Verf. ermittelt in: Holzmann-Bohatta, Bd. 3, Nr. 9868
An efficient quantum algorithm for preparation of uniform quantum superposition states
Creators: name: Shukla, Alok
name: Vedula, Prakash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P68, 81P15

description: Quantum state preparation involving a uniform superposition over a non-empty subset of $n$-qubit computational basis states is an important and challenging step in many quantum computation algorithms and applications. In this work, we address the problem of preparation of a uniform superposition state of the form $\ketΨ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{M}}\sum_{j = 0}^{M - 1} \ket{j}$, where $M$ denotes the number of distinct states in the superposition state and $2 \leq M \leq 2^n$. We show that the superposition state $\ketΨ$ can be efficiently prepared with a gate complexity and circuit depth of only $O(\log_2~M)$ for all $M$. This demonstrates an exponential reduction in gate complexity in comparison to other existing approaches in the literature for the general case of this problem. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that it requires only $n=\ceil{\log_2~M}$ qubits. Furthermore, neither ancilla qubits nor any quantum gates with multiple controls are needed in our approach for creating the uniform superposition state $\ketΨ$. It is also shown that a broad class of nonuniform superposition states that involve a mixture of uniform superposition states can also be efficiently created with the same circuit configuration that is used for creating the uniform superposition state $\ketΨ$ described earlier, but with modified parameters.
description: 26 pages. An Author Contributions section was added
Controllable speech synthesis by learning discrete phoneme-level prosodic representations
Creators: name: Ellinas, Nikolaos
name: Christidou, Myrsini
name: Vioni, Alexandra
name: Sung, June Sig
name: Chalamandaris, Aimilios
name: Tsiakoulis, Pirros
name: Mastorocostas, Paris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we present a novel method for phoneme-level prosody control of F0 and duration using intuitive discrete labels. We propose an unsupervised prosodic clustering process which is used to discretize phoneme-level F0 and duration features from a multispeaker speech dataset. These features are fed as an input sequence of prosodic labels to a prosody encoder module which augments an autoregressive attention-based text-to-speech model. We utilize various methods in order to improve prosodic control range and coverage, such as augmentation, F0 normalization, balanced clustering for duration and speaker-independent clustering. The final model enables fine-grained phoneme-level prosody control for all speakers contained in the training set, while maintaining the speaker identity. Instead of relying on reference utterances for inference, we introduce a prior prosody encoder which learns the style of each speaker and enables speech synthesis without the requirement of reference audio. We also fine-tune the multispeaker model to unseen speakers with limited amounts of data, as a realistic application scenario and show that the prosody control capabilities are maintained, verifying that the speaker-independent prosodic clustering is effective. Experimental results show that the model has high output speech quality and that the proposed method allows efficient prosody control within each speaker's range despite the variability that a multispeaker setting introduces.
description: Final published version available at: Speech Communication. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2111.10168
Control of Two-Dimensional Excitonic Light Emission via Photonic Crystal
Creators: name: Wu, Sanfeng
name: Buckley, Sonia
name: Jones, Aaron M.
name: Ross, Jason S.
name: Ghimire, Nirmal J.
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Mandrus, David G.
name: Yao, Wang
name: Hatami, Fariba
name: Vučković, Jelena
name: Majumdar, Arka
name: Xu, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have emerged as new optoelectronic materials in the two dimensional (2D) limit, exhibiting rich spin-valley interplays, tunable excitonic effects, and strong light-matter interactions. An essential yet undeveloped ingredient for many photonic applications is the manipulation of its light emission. Here we demonstrate the control of excitonic light emission from monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) in an integrated photonic structure, achieved by transferring one monolayer onto a photonic crystal (PhC) with a cavity. In addition to the observation of greatly enhanced (~60 times) photoluminescence of WSe2 and an effectively coupled cavity-mode emission, we are able to redistribute the emitted photons both polarly and azimuthally in the far field through designing PhC structures, as revealed by momentum-resolved microscopy. A 2D optical antenna is thus constructed. Our work suggests a new way of manipulating photons in hybrid 2D photonics, important for future energy efficient optoelectronics and 2D nano-lasers.
description: 21 pages, including main manuscript + supplementary materials
Guide pratique d'usage des logiciels libres dans les administrations
Creators: name: Aimé, Thierry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: logiciels libres

description: Avec la participation de : Philippe Aigrain (Sopinspace), Jean-François Boutier (ministère de l'écologie, le
 développement et l'aménagement durables), Frédéric Couchet (April), Elise Debies (DGME - ministère du budget, des
 comptes publics et de la fonction publique), François Elie (ADULLACT), Jean-Paul Degorce-Dumas (DGSIC -
 ministère de la défense), Esther Lanaspa (DGME - ministère du budget, des comptes publics et de la fonction publique), Sylvie Poussines (DAJ – ministère de l'économie, des finances et de l'emploi), Patrice-Emmanuel Schmitz (OSOR.eu).
Electron-phonon coupling from GW perturbation theory: Practical workflow combining BerkeleyGW, ABINIT, and EPW
Creators: name: Li, Zhenglu
name: Antonius, Gabriel
name: Chan, Yang-Hao
name: Louie, Steven G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a workflow of practical calculations of electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling with many-electron correlation effects included using the GW perturbation theory (GWPT). This workflow combines BerkeleyGW, ABINIT, and EPW software packages to enable accurate e-ph calculations at the GW self-energy level, going beyond standard calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT). This workflow begins with DFT and DFPT calculations (ABINIT) as starting point, followed by GW and GWPT calculations (BerkeleyGW) for the quasiparticle band structures and e-ph matrix elements on coarse electron k- and phonon q-grids, which are then interpolated to finer grids through Wannier interpolation (EPW) for computations of various e-ph coupling determined physical quantities such as the electron self-energies or solutions of anisotropic Eliashberg equations, among others. A gauge-recovering symmetry unfolding technique is developed to reduce the computational cost of GWPT (as well as DFPT) while fulfilling the gauge consistency requirement for Wannier interpolation.
A Scoping review to identify differentially hydroxymethylated Regions (DhMRs) related to type 2 diabetes for human studies
Creators: name: Dai, Jun
name: Luong, Ryan Anh Minh
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: twins
subject: hydroxymethylation
subject: epigenetics
subject: discordant twin
subject: scoping review
subject: type 2 diabetes

description: Scoping review to identify differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) related to type 2 diabetes for human studies
Hygro-thermo-mechanical analysis of spalling in concrete walls at high temperatures as a moving boundary problem
Creators: name: Beneš, Michal
name: Štefan, Radek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A mathematical model allowing coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical analysis of spalling in concrete walls at high temperatures by means of the moving boundary problem is presented. A simplified mechanical approach to account for effects of thermal stresses and pore pressure build-up on spalling is incorporated into the model. The numerical algorithm based on finite element discretization in space and the semi-implicit method for discretization in time is presented. The validity of the developed model is carefully examined by a comparison between experimental tests performed by Kalifa et al. (2000) and Mindeguia (2009) on concrete prismatic specimens under unidirectional heating of temperature of 600 $°$C and ISO 834 fire curve and the results obtained from the numerical model.
Thermal/Optical Methods for Elemental Carbon Quantification in Soils and Urban Dusts: Equivalence of Different Analysis Protocols
Creators: name: Han, Yongming
name: Chen, Antony
name: Cao, Junji
name: Fung, Kochy
name: Ho, Fai
name: Yan, Beizhan
name: Zhan, Changlin
name: Liu, Suixin
name: Wei, Chong
name: An, Zhisheng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soils--Analysis--Methodology
subject: Soils--Carbon content
subject: Optics--Statistical methods
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Quantifying elemental carbon (EC) content in geological samples is challenging due to interferences of crustal, salt, and organic material. Thermal/optical analysis, combined with acid pretreatment, represents a feasible approach. However, the consistency of various thermal/optical analysis protocols for this type of samples has never been examined. In this study, urban street dust and soil samples from Baoji, China were pretreated with acids and analyzed with four thermal/optical protocols to investigate how analytical conditions and optical correction affect EC measurement. The EC values measured with reflectance correction (ECR) were found always higher and less sensitive to temperature program than the EC values measured with transmittance correction (ECT). A high-temperature method with extended heating times (STN120) showed the highest ECT/ECR ratio (0.86) while a low-temperature protocol (IMPROVE-550), with heating time adjusted for sample loading, showed the lowest (0.53). STN ECT was higher than IMPROVE ECT, in contrast to results from aerosol samples. A higher peak inert-mode temperature and extended heating times can elevate ECT/ECR ratios for pretreated geological samples by promoting pyrolyzed organic carbon (PyOC) removal over EC under trace levels of oxygen. Considering that PyOC within filter increases ECR while decreases ECT from the actual EC levels, simultaneous ECR and ECT measurements would constrain the range of EC loading and provide information on method performance. Further testing with standard reference materials of common environmental matrices supports the findings. Char and soot fractions of EC can be further separated using the IMPROVE protocol. The char/soot ratio was lower in street dusts (2.2 on average) than in soils (5.2 on average), most likely reflecting motor vehicle emissions. The soot concentrations agreed with EC from CTO-375, a pure thermal method.
Orbital superexchange and crystal field simultaneously at play in YVO3: resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the V L edge and the O K edge
Creators: name: Benckiser, E.
name: Fels, L.
name: Ghiringhelli, G.
name: Sala, M. Moretti
name: Schmitt, T.
name: Schlappa, J.
name: Strocov, V. N.
name: Mufti, N.
name: Blake, G. R.
name: Nugroho, A. A.
name: Palstra, T. T. M.
name: Haverkort, M. W.
name: Wohlfeld, K.
name: Grüninger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of orbital excitations in YVO3 by means of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at energies across the vanadium L3 and oxygen K absorption edges. Due to the excellent experimental resolution we are able to resolve the intra-t2g excitations at 0.1-0.2 eV, 1.07 eV, and 1.28 eV, the lowest excitations from the t2g into the eg levels at 1.86 eV, and further excitations above 2.2 eV. For the intra-t2g excitations at 0.1-0.2 eV, the RIXS peaks show small shifts of the order of 10-40 meV as a function of temperature and of about 13-20 meV as a function of the transferred momentum q||a. We argue that the latter reflects a finite dispersion of the orbital excitations. For incident energies tuned to the oxygen K edge, RIXS is more sensitive to intersite excitations. We observe excitations across the Mott-Hubbard gap and find an additional feature at 0.4 eV which we attribute to two-orbiton scattering, i.e., an exchange of orbitals between adjacent sites. Altogether, these results indicate that both superexchange interactions and the coupling to the lattice are important for a quantitative understanding of the orbital excitations in YVO3.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Dynamical phase transition of light in time-varying nonlinear dispersive media
Creators: name: Cherroret, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence of a prethermal dynamical phase transition (DPT) for fluctuating optical beams propagating in nonlinear dispersive media. The DPT can be probed by suddenly changing in time the dispersion and nonlinearity parameters of the medium (thus realizing a "temporal interface"), a procedure that emulates a quench in a massive $φ^4$ model. Above a critical value of the quench identifying the transition, the fluctuating beam after the temporal interface is characterized by a correlation length that diverges algebraically at the transition. Below the critical quench, the beam exhibits an algebraic relaxation and a self-similar scaling. Our analysis also reveals a dimensional cross-over of the critical exponent, a characteristic feature of the optical DPT.
description: Comments welcome
Exact solution for Bloch oscillations of a simple charge-density-wave insulator
Creators: name: Shen, W.
name: Devereaux, T. P.
name: Freericks, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge-density-wave systems have a static modulation of the electronic charge at low temperatures when they enter an ordered state. While they have been studied for decades in equilibrium, it is only recently that they have been examined in nonequilibrium with time-resolved studies. Here, we present the exact solution for the nonequilibrium response of electrons (in the simplest model for a charge density wave) when the system is placed under a strong DC electric field. This allows us to examine the formation of driven Bloch oscillations and how the presence of a current modifies the nonequilibrium density of states.
description: (15 pages, 11 figures)
Hydrodynamics of Euler incompressible fluid and the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Creators: name: Wiegmann, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect can be phenomenologically described as a special flow of a quantum incompressible Euler liquid. This flow consists of a large number of vortices of the same chirality. In this approach each vortex is identified with an electron while the fluid is neutral. We show that the Laughlin wave function emerges as a stationary flow of the system of vortices in quantum fluid dynamics. Subtle features of FQHE such as effects of Lorentz shear stress, the spectral function, the Hall current in a modulated electric fields, etc., naturally follow from the hydrodynamics approach. In the paper we develop the hydrodynamics of the vortex liquid, and able consistently quantize it. As a demonstration of the efficiency of the hydrodynamics we discuss some new results for FQHE in a non-uniform magnetic field and a curved space.
Compact dusty clouds in cosmic environment
Creators: name: Tsytovich, V. N.
name: Ivlev, A. V.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Morfill, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel mechanism of the formation of compact dusty clouds in astrophysical environments is discussed. It is shown that the balance of collective forces operating in space dusty plasmas can result in the effect of dust self-confinement, generating equilibrium spherical clusters. The distribution of dust and plasma density inside such objects and their stability are investigated. Spherical dusty clouds can be formed in a broad range of plasma parameters, suggesting that this process of dust self-organization might be a generic phenomenon occurring in different astrophysical media. We argue that compact dusty clouds can represent condensation seeds for a population of small-scale, cold, gaseous clumps in the diffuse interstellar medium. They could play an important role in regulating its small-scale structure and its thermodynamical evolution.
Anexo I Solicitud de defensa del TFM
Creators: name: Bhib, Estrre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 160703 Social Program Evaluation
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Anexo I Solicitud de defensa del TFM
Locality and Nonlinear Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Ho, Chiu Man
name: Hsu, Stephen D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear modifications of quantum mechanics generically lead to nonlocal effects which violate relativistic causality. We study these effects using the functional Schrodinger equation for quantum fields and identify a type of nonlocality which causes nearly instantaneous entanglement of spacelike separated systems. We describe a simple example involving widely separated wave-packet (coherent) states, showing that nonlinearity in the Schrodinger evolution causes spacelike entanglement, even in free field theory.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, v2: version to appear in IJMPA
Gigahertz repetition rate, sub-femtosecond timing jitter optical pulse train directly generated from a mode-locked Yb:KYW laser
Creators: name: Yang, Heewon
name: Kim, Hyoji
name: Shin, Junho
name: Kim, Chur
name: Choi, Sun Young
name: Kim, Guang-Hoon
name: Rotermund, Fabian
name: Kim, Jungwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a 1.13-GHz repetition rate optical pulse train with 0.70 fs high-frequency timing jitter (integration bandwidth of 17.5 kHz - 10 MHz, where the measurement instrument-limited noise floor contributes 0.41 fs in 10 MHz bandwidth) can be directly generated from a free-running, single-mode diode-pumped Yb:KYW laser mode-locked by single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-coated mirrors. To our knowledge, this is the lowest timing jitter optical pulse train with the GHz repetition rate ever measured. If this pulse train is used for direct sampling of 565-MHz signals (Nyquist frequency of the pulse train), the demonstrated jitter level corresponds to the projected effective-number-of-bit (ENOB) of 17.8, which is much higher than the thermal noise limit of 50-ohm load resistance (~14 bits).
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Anexo I Solicitud de defensa del TFM
Creators: name: Delgado Sánchez, Estrella
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160703 Social Program Evaluation
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Anexo I Solicitud de defensa del TFM