cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Notch signaling enhances transdifferentiation of the esophageal squamous epithelium towards a Barrett's-like metaplasia via KLF4
Creators: name: Vega, Maria E
name: Giroux, Véronique
name: Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
name: Mingen Liu
name: Klein-Szanto, Andres J
name: Stairs, Douglas B
name: Nakagawa, Hiroshi
name: Wang, Kenneth K
name: Wang, Timothy C
name: Lynch, John P
name: Rustgi, Anil K
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Physiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is defined as an incomplete intestinal metaplasia characterized generally by the presence of columnar and goblet cells in the formerly stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus. BE is known as a precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Currently, the cell of origin for human BE has yet to be clearly identified. Therefore, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in the initiation of BE metaplasia. Affymetrix gene expression microarray revealed that BE samples express decreased levels of Notch receptors (NOTCH2 and NOTCH3) and one of the the ligands (JAG1). Furthermore, BE tissue microarray showed decreased expression of NOTCH1 and its downstream target HES1. Therefore, Notch signaling was inhibited in human esophageal epithelial cells by expression of dominant-negative-Mastermind-like (dnMAML), in concert with MYC and CDX1 overexpression. Cell transdifferentiation was then assessed by 3D organotypic culture and evaluation of BE-lineage specific gene expression. Notch inhibition promoted transdifferentiation of esophageal epithelial cells toward columnar-like cells as demonstrated by increased expression of columnar keratins (K8, K18, K19, K20) and glandular mucins (MUC2, MUC3B, MUC5B, MUC17) and decreased expression of squamous keratins (K5, K13, K14). In 3D culture, elongated cells were observed in the basal layer of the epithelium with Notch inhibition. Furthermore, we observed increased expression of KLF4, a potential driver of the changes observed by Notch inhibition. Interestingly, knockdown of KLF4 reversed the effects of Notch inhibition on BE-like metaplasia. Overall, Notch signaling inhibition promotes transdifferentiation of esophageal cells toward BE-like metaplasia in part via upregulation of KLF4. These results support a novel mechanism through which esophageal epithelial transdifferentiation promotes the evolution of BE.
Tacit Collusion with Consumer Preference Costs
Creators: name: Roig, Guillem
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Cuando los consumidores tienen costos de preferencia, deben evaluarse dos efectos opuestos para analizar los incentivos de las empresas para establecer precios colusorios. Por un lado, los costos de preferencia hacen que una desviación de la colusión sea menos atractiva, ya que la empresa que se desvía debe ofrecer un descuento mayor para cubrir estos costos de preferencia. Por otro lado, los costos de preferencia encierran a los consumidores y hacen que el castigo de los rivales sea menos efectivo. Cuando los costos de preferencia son bajos, el segundo efecto domina y la colusión es más difícil de sostener que en una situación sin costos de preferencia. Lo contrario sucede con costos de preferencia lo suficientemente altos.
Can Facebook Ads and Email Messages Increase Fiscal State Capacity? Experimental Evidence from Venezuela
Creators: name: Gallego, Jorge A.
name: Ortega, Federico
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: Tax compliance is a big challenge in weakly institutionalized countries, in which citizens do not trust the State and prefer to evade. Can compliance be increased, and hence fiscal state capacity strengthened, using online strategies? We perform a randomized field experiment in Venezuela's capital, Caracas, to determine if email messages, Facebook ads, or a combination of both, can increase tax compliance. By varying the mechanism used to approach taxpayers, we are able to test if more direct and personalized methods, such as email messages, are more effective than general advertisement tools, such as Facebook ads. Moreover, our design allows us to test if both strategies complement each other and boost the capacity of a local government to increase compliance. Preliminary results suggest that these strategies are cost-effective methods for increasing tax revenues, even in a context of low confidence in the State, as is the case of Venezuela nowadays.
The Geography of Repression and Support for Democracy : Evidence from the Pinochet Dictatorship
Creators: name: Muñoz, Pablo
name: González, Felipe
name: Prem, Mounu
name: Bautista, María Angélica
name: Martínez, Luis R.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: We show that exposure to repression under dictatorship increases support for democracy and contributes to regime change when a democratic window of opportunity arises. Studying the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile, we exploit the fact that the predetermined location of military bases predicts local levels of civilian victimization, but is unrelated to historical political preferences. Using two-stage least squares, we show that increased exposure to repression during the dictatorship led to higher voter registration and higher opposition to Pinochet’s continuation in power in the 1988 plebiscite that triggered the democratic transition. Complementary survey data confirms that individuals with greater exposure to repression during the military regime continue to have stronger preferences for democracy. However, exposure to repression does not affect election outcomes after democratization.
PITX1, a specificity determinant in the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional response to hypoxia
Creators: name: Mudie, Sharon
name: Bandarra, Daniel
name: Batie, Michael
name: Biddlestone, John
name: Moniz, Sonia
name: Ortmann, Brian
name: Shmakova, Alena
name: Rocha, Sonia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Hematology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Meta Science
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Hypoxia is an important developmental cue for multicellular organisms but it is also a contributing factor for several human pathologies, such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In cells, hypoxia activates a major transcriptional program coordinated by the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) family. HIF can activate more than one hundred targets but not all of them are activated at the same time, and there is considerable cell type variability. In this report we identified the paired-like homeodomain pituitary transcription factor (PITX1), as a transcription factor that helps promote specificity in HIF-1α dependent target gene activation. Mechanistically, PITX1 associates with HIF-1β and it is important for the induction of certain HIF-1 dependent genes but not all. In particular, PITX1 controls the HIF-1α-dependent expression of the histone demethylases; JMJD2B, JMJD2A, JMJD2C and JMJD1B. Functionally, PITX1 is required for the survival and proliferation responses in hypoxia, as PITX1 depleted cells have higher levels of apoptotic markers and reduced proliferation. Overall, our study identified PITX1 as a key specificity factor in HIF-1α dependent responses, suggesting PITX1 as a protein to target in hypoxic cancers.
Measuring the effectiveness of volatility call auctions
Creators: name: Preciado, Sergio
name: Agudelo, Diego
name: Castro, Carlos
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: We propose a method based on synthetic portfolios for event studies and apply it in the context of market microstructure. The method provides a robust data driven approach to build a credible counterfactual. The method is used to evaluate the effectiveness of a volatility call auction using intra day data from the Colombian stock Exchange. With the counterfactual and the observed price after the auction we can analyze if the auction enhances market quality. Results indicate that the synthetic portfolio method provides an accurate approach to build a credible counterfactual that approximates the behavior of the asset if the auction had not taken place. The main results indicate that the volatility call auction does provide a way to reduce the volatility of the asset but their effect on other market quality variables, liquidity and trading activity is ambiguous at best.
PITX1, a specificity determinant in the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional response to hypoxia
Creators: name: Mudie, Sharon
name: Bandarra, Daniel
name: Batie, Michael
name: Biddlestone, John
name: Moniz, Sonia
name: Ortmann, Brian
name: Shmakova, Alena
name: Rocha, Sonia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Hypoxia is an important developmental cue for multicellular organisms but it is also a contributing factor for several human pathologies, such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In cells, hypoxia activates a major transcriptional program coordinated by the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) family. HIF can activate more than one hundred targets but not all of them are activated at the same time, and there is considerable cell type variability. In this report we identified the paired-like homeodomain pituitary transcription factor (PITX1), as a transcription factor that helps promote specificity in HIF-1α dependent target gene activation. Mechanistically, PITX1 associates with HIF-1β and it is important for the induction of certain HIF-1 dependent genes but not all. In particular, PITX1 controls the HIF-1α-dependent expression of the histone demethylases; JMJD2B, JMJD2A, JMJD2C and JMJD1B. Functionally, PITX1 is required for the survival and proliferation responses in hypoxia, as PITX1 depleted cells have higher levels of apoptotic markers and reduced proliferation. Overall, our study identified PITX1 as a key specificity factor in HIF-1α dependent responses, suggesting PITX1 as a protein to target in hypoxic cancers.
title: Witchcraft in Scotland: emotions and strategy
Creators: name: Cullis, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: witchcraft
subject: witchcraft in Scotland
subject: Scottish witch hunts
subject: emotional strategies
subject: interrogation of witches

description: This thesis explores the emotions and strategies of suspects who were prosecuted for witch craft in Scotland between 1563 (the year in which the Scottish Witchcraft Act was passed) and 1736(the date on which the Act was repealed). In recent years there has been an explosion of academic interest in the relationship between emotions and witchcraft. However much of this scholarly interest has focused upon witchcraft in continental Europe and in England. These studies have largely bypassed Scotland. This thesis addresses this gap by studying the emotional perspective of the accused witch during the Scottish witch hunts. The thesis asks two questions. Firstly, what are the emotions displayed by the witches within the sources? Secondly, what can the strategies employed by the accused witch under interrogation tell us about their emotional framework? This research further investigates how the strategic negotiations displayed by some suspects during their prosecution process can enable a wider understanding of the emotional experience of suspects. The principal sources used in this thesis are the primary records relating to the witch trials. As well as utilising the extensive historiography on witchcraft in Scotland, across Europe and from England, this thesis draws on research undertaken by scholars in such academic fields as psychology, philosophy, feminist studies, and criminology. This recent research can assist our understanding of the emotions displayed by the accused witch.The thesis examines both fear and anger, two emotions that are generally characterised as negative emotions. They typically frame the longstanding and widely held stereotypical characterisation of suspects as motivated to acts of witchcraft because of their negative emotional personalities. The thesis also examines the witch’s own fears rather than the fear caused by the witch. The chapter on anger argues that the anger of the witch may be interpreted in gendered ways that reveal strategy and agency. Turning to the emotion of contempt, the thesis argues that it is possible to identify contempt displayed by the accused witch towards their interrogators through examining their use of petitions to the privy council to address their grievances. A chapter on positive emotions then explores the emotions of gratitude, pride, and love to show how these emotions shaped the strategies adopted by some of those accused of witchcraft. The chapter on self-conscious emotions examines whether, in addition to frequently acknowledging their legal guilt, the accused displayed signs of moral guilt or shame in respect of their alleged misdeeds. The thesis uses micro-historical studies of individual cases to show that the emotional perspectives of the accused witch in Scotland were far broader than has hitherto been suggested.
School Choice: Nash Implementation of Stable Matchings through Rank-Priority Mechanisms
Creators: name: Klijn, Flip
name: Kayi, Cagatay
name: Jaramillo, Paula
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: We consider school choice problems (Abdulkadiroğlu and Sönmez, 2003) where students are assigned to public schools through a centralized assignment mechanism. We study the family of so-called rank-priority mechanisms, each of which is induced by an order of rank-priority pairs. Following the corresponding order of pairs, at each step a rank-priority mechanism considers a rank-priority pair and matches an available student to an unfilled school if the student and the school rank and prioritize each other in accordance with the rank-priority pair. The Boston or immediate acceptance mechanism is a particular rank-priority mechanism. Our first main result is a characterization of the subfamily of rank-priority mechanisms that Nash implement the set of stable (i.e., fair) matchings (Theorem 1). We show that our characterization also holds for sub-implementation and sup-implementation (Corollaries 3 and 4). Our second main result is a strong impossibility result: under incomplete information, no rank-priority mechanism implements the set of stable matchings (Theorem 2).
PITX1, a specificity determinant in the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional response to hypoxia
Creators: name: Mudie, Sharon
name: Bandarra, Daniel
name: Batie, Michael
name: Biddlestone, John
name: Moniz, Sonia
name: Ortmann, Brian
name: Shmakova, Alena
name: Rocha, Sonia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Hematology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Meta Science
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Hypoxia is an important developmental cue for multicellular organisms but it is also a contributing factor for several human pathologies, such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In cells, hypoxia activates a major transcriptional program coordinated by the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) family. HIF can activate more than one hundred targets but not all of them are activated at the same time, and there is considerable cell type variability. In this report we identified the paired-like homeodomain pituitary transcription factor (PITX1), as a transcription factor that helps promote specificity in HIF-1α dependent target gene activation. Mechanistically, PITX1 associates with HIF-1β and it is important for the induction of certain HIF-1 dependent genes but not all. In particular, PITX1 controls the HIF-1α-dependent expression of the histone demethylases; JMJD2B, JMJD2A, JMJD2C and JMJD1B. Functionally, PITX1 is required for the survival and proliferation responses in hypoxia, as PITX1 depleted cells have higher levels of apoptotic markers and reduced proliferation. Overall, our study identified PITX1 as a key specificity factor in HIF-1α dependent responses, suggesting PITX1 as a protein to target in hypoxic cancers.
Investment and Market Structure in Common Agency Games
Creators: name: Roig, Guillem
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: I study the incentives of a common buyer to undertake cooperative investment with a group of suppliers providing a homogeneous input. In my model, investment is not directed to increase the gains from trade but to enhance the competitive pressure among suppliers. At the same time, however, investment may strengthen the bargaining position of suppliers. Which effect dominates depends on the intensity of competition in the trading game, which also determines the equilibrium distribution of investment. Then, the model reproduces different market structures, and a firm may have higher incentives to become active in markets where competition is expected to be vigorous.
Tweeting for Peace : Experimental Evidence from the 2016 Colombian Plebiscite
Creators: name: Vásquez, Mateo
name: Munger, Kevin
name: Martínez, Juan D.
name: Gallego, Jorge A.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: El extenso conflicto armado colombiano prácticamente llegó a su fin con el el plebiscito por la paz de 2016, que en últimas fue derrotado en una votación reñida. Este conflicto ha dividido profundamente a la sociedad colombiana, y algunas figuras públicas no-políticas han jugado un papel crucial al estructurar el debate en esta materia. Para entender los mecanismos subyacentes a la influencia de miembros de la sociedad civil en la discusión política, realizamos un experimento aleatorio controlado sobre usuarios de Twitter en Colombia poco antes de la elección. Con base en una muestra de sujetos que habían tuiteado frecuentemente sobre el plebiscito, les envíamos tweets para motivarlos a considerar diferentes aspectos de la decisión. Variamos la identidad (un general, un científico y un sacerdote) de las cuentas usadas y el contenido del mensajes enviado. Encontramos poca evidencia de que alguna de nuestras intervenciones lograra persuadir exitosamente a los sujetos. Sin embargo, mostramos que nuestros mensajes en favor del proceso de paz motivaron a los usuarios más liberales a deliberar más sobre este tema.
How do risk attitudes affect pro-social behavior? Theory and experiment
Creators: name: Fahle, Sean
name: Sautua, Santiago-Ignacio
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: We explore how risk preferences affect pro-social behavior in risky environments. We analyze a modified dictator game in which the dictator could, by reducing her own sure payoff, increase the odds that an unknown recipient wins a lottery. We first augment a standard social preferences model with reference-dependent risk attitudes and then test the model's predictions for the dictator's giving behavior using a laboratory experiment. As predicted by the model, giving behavior in the experiment is affected by the baseline risk faced by the recipient, the effectiveness of transfers in reducing baseline risk, and the dictator's degree of loss aversion.
Clientelism: Concepts, Agents, and Solutions
Creators: name: Wantchekon, Leonard
name: Gallego, Jorge A.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: En este capítulo discutimos algunos de los temas más importantes relacionados con la literatura en clientelismo político. Luego de definir algunos de los conceptos básicos asociados con este tema, defendemos la afirmación de que la literatura se ha centrado excesivamente en el problema de la compra de votos, ignorando algunos temas (quizás) más importantes del proceso, como el patronazgo y el prebendalismo. Posteriormente, resaltamos la importancia de los intermediarios (brokers) y de las redes clientelistas, para poder entender la estructura de las relaciones entre patrones y clientes. Finalmente, revisamos algunas de las soluciones de corto y mediano plazo que han sido exploradas, principalmente a través de métodos experimentales, que incluyen mecanismos relacionados con instituciones, deliberación e información.
Bilateral Investment in a Delegated Common Agency
Creators: name: Roig, Guillem
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: I study a bilateral investment game where a buyer privately trades with several suppliers who compete by offering menus of non-exclusive contracts. When market trading is structured so that competition among suppliers is the most intense, the hold-up problem disappears for an extensive range of the investment costs. The investment of the supplier does not affect its bargaining position, and both the supplier and the buyer have the right incentives to invest. In any other equilibria, the efficient investment is not implemented: the reallocation of bargaining power as a result of investment distorts the incentives to invest efficiently. However, because under some parameters of the model investment decisions are strategic complements welfare is maximised for an intermediate level of competition.
Overlapping Networks of Credit and Control
Creators: name: Urzua I., Francisco
name: Prem, Mounu
name: Larrain, Borja
name: Buchuk, David
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: Business groups are networks of firms connected by ownership links. We study the reaction of these networks to the 2008-9 crisis using a unique dataset of Chilean intra-group loans. Internal credit increases swiftly during the crisis. Firms that are more central in the ownership network simultaneously increase lending and borrowing. Like pure intermediaries, central firms keep net lending relatively constant. Central firms do not experience a significant fall in profitability relative to the average group firm, although receivers of intra-group loans perform significantly better. Our results show that control rights are essential for credit intermediation at times of distress.
Does the market model provide a good counterfactual for event studies in finance?
Creators: name: Castro, Carlos
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: Proporcionamos un marco de referencia que relaciona los métodos de estimación tradicionales de estudios de eventos en finanzas con una aproximación moderna a los estudios de eventos causales. Esta familia de estimadores la llamamos portafolio sintético y corresponde a un caso particular del método de control sintético. Proporcionamos un ejercicio de simulación y una aplicación empírica como mecanismo de comparación de los métodos de estimación. Adicionalmente, los métodos de control sintético proporcionan una aproximación, para los test basados en los retornos anormales, que permite superar algunas dificultades asociados a los métodos tradicionales. Los resultados nos permiten concluir que el modelo de mercado proporciona un contrafactual que tiene un desempeño similar a los estimadores basados en control sintético.
Inhibition of Notch signaling enhances transdifferentiation of the esophageal squamous epithelium towards a Barrett's-like metaplasia via KLF4
Creators: name: Vega, Maria E
name: Giroux, Véronique
name: Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
name: Mingen Liu
name: Klein-Szanto, Andres J
name: Stairs, Douglas B
name: Nakagawa, Hiroshi
name: Wang, Kenneth K
name: Wang, Timothy C
name: Lynch, John P
name: Rustgi, Anil K
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Physiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is defined as an incomplete intestinal metaplasia characterized generally by the presence of columnar and goblet cells in the formerly stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus. BE is known as a precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Currently, the cell of origin for human BE has yet to be clearly identified. Therefore, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in the initiation of BE metaplasia. Affymetrix gene expression microarray revealed that BE samples express decreased levels of Notch receptors (NOTCH2 and NOTCH3) and one of the the ligands (JAG1). Furthermore, BE tissue microarray showed decreased expression of NOTCH1 and its downstream target HES1. Therefore, Notch signaling was inhibited in human esophageal epithelial cells by expression of dominant-negative-Mastermind-like (dnMAML), in concert with MYC and CDX1 overexpression. Cell transdifferentiation was then assessed by 3D organotypic culture and evaluation of BE-lineage specific gene expression. Notch inhibition promoted transdifferentiation of esophageal epithelial cells toward columnar-like cells as demonstrated by increased expression of columnar keratins (K8, K18, K19, K20) and glandular mucins (MUC2, MUC3B, MUC5B, MUC17) and decreased expression of squamous keratins (K5, K13, K14). In 3D culture, elongated cells were observed in the basal layer of the epithelium with Notch inhibition. Furthermore, we observed increased expression of KLF4, a potential driver of the changes observed by Notch inhibition. Interestingly, knockdown of KLF4 reversed the effects of Notch inhibition on BE-like metaplasia. Overall, Notch signaling inhibition promotes transdifferentiation of esophageal cells toward BE-like metaplasia in part via upregulation of KLF4. These results support a novel mechanism through which esophageal epithelial transdifferentiation promotes the evolution of BE.
Killing social leaders for territorial control : The unintended consequences of peace
Creators: name: Rivera, Andrés F.
name: Prem, Mounu
name: Vargas, Juan F.
name: Romero, Dario A.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: We study the unintended consequences of the recent peace process in Colombia, that ended over five decades of internal armed conflict with the FARC insurgency. Using a triple differences empirical strategy, we show that the permanent ceasefire that started in December 2014 in the context of the peace negotiations was followed by an increase in the killing of social leaders in previously FARC-dominated territories, perpetrated by other armed groups seeking control of these areas. Consistent with our interpretation that local social leaders are killed to thwart collective action and mobilization at the municipal level, we show that the targeting of social leaders is not explained by the behavior of the overall homicide rate and that it is exacerbated in municipalities with weaker state capacity and an inefficient local judiciary. Our results suggest that partial pacification processes can exacerbate violence by other existing armed groups, aimed at controlling pacified territories.
The Privatization Origins of Political Corporations
Creators: name: Prem, Mounu
name: González, Felipe
name: Urzúa I., Francisco
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: We show how the sale of state owned firms in dictatorships may lead to the creation of political corporations operating in democracies. Using several novel datasets, we characterize the privatizations of the Pinochet regime in Chile using a data driven algorithm, confirming that some state owned firms were sold underpriced to politically connected individuals. We then show how firms with crooked privatization processes grew and benefited from Pinochet and in democracy formed political connections, financed political campaigns, and were more likely to appear in the Panama Papers. These results reveal how authoritarian regimes can influence a subsequent democracy and document a way in which political corporations are created.
Can Television Bring Down a Dictator? Evidence from Chile's “No” Campaign
Creators: name: Prem, Mounu
name: González, Felipe
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: Can televised political advertising change voting behavior in elections held in authoritarian regimes? We study the case of Chile, where the opposition used television campaigns weeks before the election that ended the Pinochet regime. We show that after campaigns were launched, firms linked to Pinochet lost stock market value, confirming the contemporaneous importance of television. Using national surveys conducted before the election and administrative electoral data, we provide evidence of a positive effect of television exposure on opposition votes. These results suggest that televised political campaigns can help to defeat dictators at the polls.
Early diagnosis of chronic conditions and lifestyle modification
Creators: name: Rodríguez Lesmes, Paul Andres
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: Este estudio estima el impacto potencial sobre uso de medicamentos, percepciones de salud y estilo de vida, de los programas de diagnóstico temprano. Para controlar por sesgo de selección relativo a los chequeos médicos, empleo una característica del estudio longitudinal de envejecimiento para Inglaterra (ELSA, por sus siglas en inglés), que motiva una diseño de regresión discontinua basado en la presión arterial de los entrevistados. Hay evidencia de un incremento temporal en el uso de medicamentos para la hipertensión (6.6 puntos porcentuales), que casi dobla la proporción de personas tomando dichas medicinas para un nivel dado de presión arterial. Al mismo tiempo, hay una reducción permanente en la probabilidad de consumir alcohol al menos dos veces por semana (10 puntos porcentuales) y un incremento en el consumo de frutas. No obstante, también hay evidencia de un mayor consumo de cigarrillos (8 por semana) para aquellos entrevistados por encima del corte de la encuesta respecto a la presión arterial. Estos cambios en el estilo de vida no están directamente relacionados con el incremento en el uso de medicamentos. A pesar de estos hallazgos, no efectos significativos ni en medidas subjetivas ni objetivas del estado de salud, pasados 4 años de la intervención.
Duopolistic competition in markets where consumers have switching costs
Creators: name: Roig, Guillem
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: In a dynamic competition model where firms initially share half of the market and consumers have switching costs, consumers’ sophistication, lifespan and concentration impact the possibility to set collusive prices. I first show that with strategic long-run consumers, collusion is harder to implement than when consumers are not strategic: with sophisticated consumers, a deviating firm can cash-in the rents that a buyer obtains after switching. I then study the consequences of relaxing buyers concentration and show that collusion is then easier to maintain than with non-strategic consumers: with strategic consumers a firm must offer a low price at the moment of deviation as consumers can benefit from increased competition, emerging from an asymmetric market structure, without having to pay switching costs. The paper suggests simple policy recommendations: it does not suffice to educate consumers about the competitive effects of their current purchasing decisions, but central purchasing agencies also need to be promoted.
Mesophase stability in binary mixtures of monotropic nematogens
Creators: name: H.A. Ahmed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Binary phase diagrams were constructed from laterally substituted methyl azo/ester derivatives, namely 4-(4″-substituted phenylazo)-3-methyl phenyl-4″-alkoxy benzoates (Ina–d). In this group of compound the unsubstituted and chloro-substituted derivatives possess the nematic phase monotropically, while the nitro and methyl analogues are enantiotropically nematogenic. The binary phase diagrams constructed were made once from the monotropic nematogens with each other, and another with the enantiotropic nematogens. In both the cases enantiotropic nematic phase was observed that covers a wide range of composition. The mesophase behaviour of all binary mixtures was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised light microscopy (PLM). The nematic phase was exhibited in all binary mixtures. Independent of the alkoxy chain length, the entropy change, ΔSN–I of the N–I transition of pure components was found to vary irregularly with the anisotropy of polarisability (∆αX) of the polar substituent, X.
Análisis empírico de los efectos económicos de la colusión: lecciones para Colombia
Creators: name: Gómez Portilla, Karoll
name: Florez-Acosta, Jorge
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: En este artículo se revisa uno de los casos más recientes sancionados por la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio en Colombia: el caso del mercado de pañales desechables para bebé, para a la luz de los métodos y modelos más avanzados que ha desarrollado la literatura económica determinar, de manera rigurosa y precisa, la existencia de la conducta colusiva, qué tan exitosa fue la coordinación entre las empresas del cártel y qué impacto generó tal práctica sobre el mercado. Los resultados permiten concluir que, dada la estructura de oferta actual, la industria presenta resultados que se acercan más a un referente competitivo que a los resultados que obtendrían empresas con alto poder y dominio de mercado.
ประสิทธิผลของการจัดการการส่งเวรด้วยรูปแบบ SBAR ของพยาบาลวิชาชีพในโรงพยาบาลเอกชนแห่งหนึ่ง
Creators: name: แสงจันทร์ หนองนา
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยรังสิต
Year: 2563
Subjects: การจัดการการส่งเวร, โมเดล SBAR, พยาบาลวิชาชีพ, โรงพยาบาลเอกชน

description: วารสารการพยาบาลและสุขภาพ สสอท., 2, 1, 45-57
Determinantes de productividad de jóvenes investigadores: estudio de caso Facultad de Economía Universidad del Rosario
Creators: name: Lucio-Arias, Diana
name: Peláez Sierra, Sergio
name: Jaramillo-Salazar, Hernán
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: En este artículo se presentará un análisis de los determinantes de productividad académica y de trayectorias profesionales basado en datos de las hojas de vida y de la aplicación de una encuesta integral a los participantes del programa de jóvenes investigadores de la facultad de economía de la Universidad del Rosario a lo largo de sus 16 años de implementación. Se presentará la utilidad del uso del Curriculum Vitae como fuente de datos, además de algunos resultados sobre percepción en la encuesta utilizada, lo que dará lugar a un análisis cualitativo del estudio de caso. Luego se aplicarán metodologías estadísticas para trabajar con variable dependiente censurada y con suficientes ceros; allí se usarán modelos de regresión Tobit, Poisson y Binomial Negativa. Así, se identificarán los principales determinantes de productividad, y se contrastarán con los revisados en la bibliografía, por último, se presenta un mapa de trayectorias profesional.
Product Compatibility as an Strategy to Hinder Entry Deterrence
Creators: name: Roig, Guillem
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: In many markets, firms produce and sell complementary components that form a product system. This paper studies the effects of compatibility in product advertisement and entry decisions in a differentiated product market. While advertising enhances the ability of consumers to mix and match components closer to their preferences, more advertising does not always generate larger welfare. In my model, an incumbent uses advertising to increase the prospects of market competition with the objective to deter potential entry. However, under some parameters, entry deterrence does not occur when products are made compatible. With compatible products, the incumbent either obtains large benefits from accommodation or equilibria when all consumers are aware of the existence of the available products emerge. In this latter case, the amount of advertising cannot be further expanded to protect the incumbent's monopolistic position. As a result, policies in favor of compatibility may encourage entry and generate larger levels of advertisement.
Self-Selection into Corruption: Evidence from the Lab
Creators: name: Estrada, Ricardo
name: Fajardo, Gustavo
name: Brassiolo, Pablo
name: Vargas, Juan F.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Estudiamos si las oportunidades para extraer rentas en un trabajo afectan el tipo de personas que se sienten atraídas por él en términos de su integridad subyacente. Lo hacemos en un experimento de laboratorio en el que los participantes eligen entre dos contratos que involucran diferentes tareas. Introducimos experimentalmente la posibilidad de injerto en uno de ellos y estudiamos la clasificación de los sujetos en los contratos en función de una medida de honestidad incentivada. Encontramos que el contrato corruptible cambia la composición de los sujetos porque atrae a los individuos más deshonestos y repele a los más honestos. Además, observamos un injerto extenso cuando la oportunidad está disponible. Introducimos una estrategia de aleatorización doble para desenredar la medida en que el robo responde a la selección negativa antes mencionada oa incentivos puros (netos de selección). Encontramos que, en este contexto, la selección es el principal impulsor del injerto. Nuestros resultados tienen implicaciones políticas claras para frenar la corrupción.
Does price-cap regulation work for increasing access to contraceptives? Aggregate- and pharmacy-level evidence from Colombia
Creators: name: Rodríguez Lesmes, Paul Andres
name: Ortiz, Santiago
name: Morales, Álvaro
name: Mantilla, Cesar
name: Andia, Tatiana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Antecedentes: Los topes de precios mediante precios de referencia internacionales se utilizan ampliamente en todo el mundo, pero no tan comúnmente en los mercados over-the-counter (OTC). Estudiamos este tipo de regulación para el caso de los anticonceptivos orales en Colombia, que es un mercado OTC de facto. Objetivos: Se pretende establecer si la regulación desencadenó una respuesta competitiva dentro y a través de las categorías de productos (ingredientes activos farmacéuticos). También estudiamos si los productos regulados dirigidos a clientes de alto nivel socioeconómico se distribuyen ahora en farmacias de barrios de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Métodos: En primer lugar, utilizamos un modelo de panel lineal de efectos fijos para estimar el cambio en los precios y las cantidades asociadas a la nueva regulación para los productos regulados y no regulados utilizando datos administrativos a nivel de mayorista, según tres niveles de precios. Segundo, realizamos un estudio de auditoría con 213 farmacias comunitarias en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Visitamos las farmacias en dos ocasiones, antes y después de la introducción del tope de precios, recogiendo información sobre los precios y la disponibilidad de seis marcas seleccionadas. Hallazgos: El análisis a nivel mayorista revela una reducción de precios en productos regulados, y en los no regulados pero con un ingrediente activo regulado. Las cantidades comercializadas aumentan para los mismos tipos de productos, pero sólo para los de las categorías más caras. Además, las cantidades comercializadas de productos no regulados disminuyen. Aunque esta reducción de precios también se transmite a las farmacias, la disponibilidad de los anticonceptivos de gama alta y media incluidos en nuestro estudio de auditoría también disminuye. Proporcionamos pruebas sugestivas de que la reducción de la disponibilidad de los mismos fue mayor en las zonas de baja condición socioeconómica. Conclusiones: Las reglamentaciones sobre límites de precios que podrían parecer tan eficaces para reducir los precios y ampliar el acceso a nivel agregado podrían ocultar pautas de almacenamiento que afectan negativamente a la disponibilidad del producto para el consumidor final.
Introduction to D10Z Mathematics: A Vigesimal Framework for Quantum and Cosmic Phenomena
Creators: name: Al Thani, Jamil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Introduction to D10Z Mathematics establishes a novel mathematical framework integrating the Mayan vigesimal system with quantum mechanics and cosmology, aligned with the GM10-51 model. GM10-51 defines the fundamental scale Zn=10−51 mZ_n = 10^{-51} \, \text{m}Zn=10−51m, where cosmic filaments form a "Flower of Life" geometry, validated by DESI, JWST, and ALMA data (R2>0.97R^2 > 0.97R2>0.97). This framework uses fractal proportions (ϕ=1.618\phi = 1.618ϕ=1.618) to model superposition, entanglement, and resonances across 73 orders of magnitude (from 10−51 m10^{-51} \, \text{m}10−51m to 1022 m10^{22} \, \text{m}1022m). Applications include quantum cryptography (e.g., generating keys like K128=2,560K_{128} = 2,560K128=2,560) and energy network optimization, offering a unified approach to multidimensional phenomena.
description: D10Z Algebras, GM10-51, D10Z Mathematics, D10Z Geometries, quantum simulation, quantum cryptography, multidimensional systems, fractal transformations, Flower of Life
In vitro reconstitution of the catabolic reactions catalyzed by PcaHG, PcaB, and PcaL: the protocatechuate branch of the β-ketoadipate pathway in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1
Creators: name: Yamanashi, Tomoya
name: Seung-Young Kim
name: Hara, Hirofumi
name: Funa, Nobutaka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: The β-ketoadipate pathway is a major pathway involved in the catabolism of the aromatic compounds in microbes. The recent progress in genome sequencing has led to a rapid accumulation of genes from the β-ketoadipate pathway in the available genetic database, yet the functions of these genes remain uncharacterized. In this study, the protocatechuate branch of the β-ketoadipate pathway of Rhodococcus jostii was reconstituted in vitro. Analysis of the reaction products of PcaHG, PcaB, and PcaL was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography. These reaction products, β-ketoadipate enol-lactone, 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate, γ-carboxymuconolactone, muconolactone, and β-ketoadipate, were further characterized using LC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance. In addition, the in vitro reaction of PcaL, a bidomain protein consisting of γ-carboxy-muconolactone decarboxylase and β-ketoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase activities, was demonstrated for the first time. This work provides a basis for analyzing the catalytic properties of enzymes involved in the growing number of β-ketoadipate pathways deposited in the genetic database.
Structural insights into stereospecific reduction of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl substrates by old yellow enzyme from Gluconobacter oxydans
Creators: name: Yin, Bo
name: Deng, Jian
name: Lirong Lim
name: Y. Adam Yuan
name: Dongzhi Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: We report the crystal structure of old yellow enzyme (OYE) family protein Gox0502 (a.a 1–315) in free form at 3.3 Å. Detailed structural analysis revealed the key residues involved in stereospecific determination of Gox0502, such as Trp66 and Trp100. Structure-based computational analysis suggested the bulky side chains of these tryptophan residues may play important roles in product stereoselectivity. The introduction of Ile or Phe or Tyr mutation significantly reduced the product diastereoselectivity. We hypothesized that less bulky side chains at these critical residues could create additional free space to accommodate intermediates with different conformations. Notably, the introduction of Phe mutation at residue Trp100 increased catalytic activity compared to wild-type Gox0502 toward a set of substrates tested, which suggests that a less bulky Phe side chain at residue W100F may facilitate product release. Therefore, Gox0502 structure could provide useful information to generate desirable OYEs suitable for biotechnological applications in industry.
Does higher education reduce mortality? Evidence from a natural experiment in Chile
Creators: name: Bautista, María Angélica
name: González, Felipe
name: Martínez, Luis R.
name: Muñoz, Pablo
name: Prem, Mounu
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Aprovechando la fuerte caída en la matrícula universitaria que experimentaron las cohortes que alcanzaron la edad universitaria después del golpe militar de 1973 en Chile, se estudio el efecto causal de la educación superior sobre la mortalidad. Utilizando microdatos de las estadísticas vitales para 1994-2017, documentamos un aumento en la tasa de mortalidad anual ajustada por edad entre las cohortes afectadas. Aprovechando el problema de la matrícula universitaria, estimamos un efecto negativo de la universidad sobre la mortalidad, que es mayor para los hombres, pero también considerable para las mujeres. Los resultados intermedios del mercado laboral (por ejemplo, la participación en la fuerza laboral) explican el 30% de la reducción de la mortalidad. También está presente un giro ascendente similar en la mortalidad en múltiples horizontes de tiempo entre los pacientes hospitalizados en las cohortes afectadas, con características observables (es decir, diagnóstico, hospital, seguro) que explican más del 40%. Las respuestas de la encuesta revelan que la universidad mejora sustancialmente el acceso a la atención médica privada, pero tiene efectos mixtos sobre los comportamientos relacionados con la salud.
Socio-economic and environmental effects of eco-tourism
Creators: name: Saavedra Pineda, Santiago
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Erradicar la pobreza y detener la deforestación son dos de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. El ecoturismo se considera una estrategia gana-gana que puede aumentar los ingresos y preservar los bosques. Sin embargo, no existen evaluaciones de impacto bien identificadas de ambas variables al mismo tiempo. Setenta y seis municipios de Colombia fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de control o a un grupo de tratamiento que recibió promoción de ecoturismo. Este estudio estima los efectos socioeconómicos y ambientales de nueve meses de tratamiento utilizando una especificación ANCOVA que controla por los valores de línea base. En los municipios tratados, encuentro un aumento del 30% en el número de turistas y del 16% en el número de trabajadores. Sin embargo, no hay efectos estadísticamente significativos sobre las ganancias de las empresas, la pobreza o los ingresos familiares. Al mismo tiempo, encuentro una reducción del 100% de las alertas de deforestación alrededor de los sitios de ecoturismo tratados. Estos resultados ilustran la importancia de las oportunidades económicas para las comunidades locales a fin de preservar los bosques.