cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Red variables in the OGLE-II data base -- III. Constraints on the three-dimensional structures of the LMC and SMC
Creators: name: Lah, P.
name: Kiss, L. L.
name: Bedding, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the 3-D structure of the Magellanic Clouds, using period-luminosity (P-L) relations of pulsating red giants in the OGLE-II sample. By interpreting deviations from the mean P-L relations as distance modulus variations, we examine the three-dimensional distributions of the sample. The results for the Large Magellanic Cloud, based solely on stars below the tip of the Red Giant Branch, confirm previous results on the inclined and possibly warped bar of the LMC. The depth variation across the OGLE-II field is about 2.4 kpc, interpreted as the distance range of a thin but inclined structure. The inclination angle is about 29 deg. A comparison with OGLE-II red clump distances revealed intriguing differences that seem to be connected to the red clump reddening correction. A spatially variable red clump population in the LMC can explain the deviations, which may have a broader impact on our understanding of the LMC formation history. For the Small Magellanic Cloud, we find a complex structure showing patchy distribution scattered within 3.2 kpc of the mean. However, the larger range of the overall depth on every line-of-sight is likely to smooth out significantly the real variations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS (online Letters)
FORMATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS: METHODS AND MODELS
Creators: name: Abuzyarova Zh.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: management
management decision-making
payment matrix
methods
models
quality
effi-ciency

description: Management activity is always associated with both the development and the adoption of appropriate man-agement decisions for a variety of situations. Today, quite often, the only way to rationalize a management decision is its financial component, namely, an increase in revenues or a reduction in expenditures from budgets of any levels. The issue of risk management and overcoming uncertainty is always relevant in any sector of the economy. Every economic entity at absolutely all levels, one way or another, is affected by extraordinary situations and unpredictable circumstances, to which it is necessary to respond adequately. Along with this, there was a need to implement scientific methods of the theory of management of the enterprise economy, including for the develop-ment and adoption of the most rational, economical and effective management decisions.
OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES (BITCOIN) AND AN INNOVATIVE IDEA OF USE IN THE FINANCIAL SPHERE
Creators: name: Stepanenko, A.
name: Vasilyeva, N.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: digital money
bitcoin
single world currency
infotelecommunications
digital communication networks
cryptography
theory of money
cryptocurrencies
Bitpay

description: The emergence of new types of money and their evolution have historically been accompanied by economic growth in countries that were pioneers in this trend. The article is devoted to the analysis of objective conditions for the emergence and benefits of new digital money on the example of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. The ideas of the strategic use of Bitcoin as a single world currency are proposed.
What to Choose? The Value of Label Claims to Produce Consumers
Creators: name: Bond, Craig A.
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
name: Bond, Jennifer Keeling
name: Bond, Craig A.
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
name: Bond, Jennifer Keeling
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper addresses three key empirical questions related to health, nutrient, and process claims on front-label packaging; namely, 1) How do consumers value alternative claims on product and process-based attributes for fresh produce; 2) Are these values additively separable; and 3) To what degree is there heterogeneity between consumers on these values? We use a hypothetical choice experiment on red leaf lettuce attribute bundles, and estimate several logit models (MNL and ML) that provide estimates of marginal utilities (and with the inclusion of varying prices, marginal values) of various attributes related to general health claims, specific nutrition and health claims, certification logos related to health and nutrition currently found in the marketplace, as well as certified organic claims (relative to the conventional reference group). The results showed that consumers do distinguish between competing claims and logos, though the impacts are not always as expected, likely due to the information set used at the time of the choice. We found some evidence of attribute bundling between the health claims and the familiar Five-a-day program logo, and between organic production and a claim regarding vitamin C content. Finally, we found that use of the unconditional distributions (relative to the conditional)in a ML model overstates the degree of preference heterogeneity across the sample and overstates the magnitude of the marginal effects of the random parameters. This may create misleading impressions regarding the existence and size of specialized niche markets, the response of consumers to varying health, nutrition, or process claims, and/or the response of consumers to the introduction of new products with these (or similar) claims.
Probability, Preclusion and Biological Evolution in Heisenberg-Picture Everett Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Rubin, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fact that certain "extraordinary" probabilistic phenomena--in particular, macroscopic violations of the second law of thermodynamics--have never been observed to occur can be accounted for by taking hard preclusion as a basic physical law; i.e. precluding from existence events corresponding to very small but nonzero values of quantum-mechanical weight. This approach is not consistent with the usual ontology of the Everett interpretation, in which outcomes correspond to branches of the state vector, but can be successfully implemented using a Heisenberg-picture-based ontology in which outcomes are encoded in transformations of operators. Hard preclusion can provide an explanation for biological evolution, which can in turn explain our subjective experiences of, and reactions to, "ordinary" probabilistic phenomena, and the compatibility of those experiences and reactions with what we conventionally take to be objective probabilities arising from physical laws.
description: 49 pages, 1 figure. Extended discussion section examining motivations for preclusion, relation to other approaches to Everettian probability and to interpretational issues in probability. To appear in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Effective ferromagnetic coupling between a superconductor and a ferromagnet in LaCaMnO/Nb hybrids
Creators: name: Stamopoulos, D.
name: Moutis, N.
name: Pissas, M.
name: Niarchos, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present magnetization data on hybrids consisting of multilayers (MLs) of man- ganites [La0.33Ca0.67MnO3/La0.60Ca0.40MnO3]15 in contact with a low-Tc Nb superconductor (SC). Although a pure SC should behave diamagnetically in respect to the external magnetic field in our ML-SC hybrids we observed that the magnetization of the SC follows that of the ML. Our intriguing experimental results show that the SC below its TSC c becomes ferromagnetically coupled to the ML. As a result in the regime where diamagnetic behaviour of the SC was expected its bulk magne- tization switches only whenever the coercive field of the ML is exceeded. By employing specific experiments where the ML was selectively biased or not we demonstrate that the ML inflicts its magnetic properties on the whole hybrid. Possible explanations are discussed in connection to recent theoretical proposals and experimental findings that were obtained in relative hybrids.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. B
SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGIC WORK WITH CHILDREN-MIGRANTS IN AMERICAN SUMMER CAMPS
Creators: name: Rozlutska, G.
name: Kozubovsky, M.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: cultural diversity
migration
migrant children
migrants’ educational programs
summer camps
USA

description: This article deals with the problem of children-migrants in the USA. It is underlined that America differs from average multicultural countries in a range of peculiarities, one of which is the fact that cultural interaction was not within an individual ethnos, but within immigrants – descendants of different countries, representatives of various cultures. On the territory of the country there live national minorities and as a result of constant mass immigration new ethno-cultural groups are formed. It is recognized that problem of immigrants is really urgent in American society. In this article special attention is paid to the questions of social and pedagogic work with chil-dren-migrants. The main peculiarities of this work in summer camps are analyzed.
Studies towards the total synthesis of lintenone
Creators: name: Price, Richard Alan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A 32 step synthesis of the racemic compound (1R*,3S*,4R*,7R*,8R*,10R*,11S*)-10-tert butyldimethylsiloxy-4,7,8,ll-tetramethyl-3-triethylsilyoxytricyclo[5.3.1.0⁴‧¹¹]undecane (224) is described. This is a highly advanced intermediate in the attempted total synthesis of racemic lintenone (1). The novel trifunctional reagent 76 was developed and was used to synthesis the series of substituted cyclohex-2-en-ones 104-106 and 78. The substituted cyclohex-2-en-lones 104-106 and 78 underwent copper(I) cyanide mediated intramolecular conjugate addition reactions to give the ketones 112-114 and 71. Ketone 71 was subsequently utilized in the attempted total synthesis of lintenone (1). Ketone 71 was converted into the enone 73. Addition of Me₂CuLi to enone 73 occurred stereoselectively to give the ketone 74. Ketone 74 was subsequently converted into the nitrile 166, which was alkylated stereoselectively with benzyl chloromethyl ether to give the alkylated nitrile 173. Alkylated nitrile 173 was converted into the diazoketone 177. Treatment of diazoketone 177 with dimeric rhodium acetate gave exclusively the tricyclic keto nitrile 178 with complete stereoselectivity. Reduction of the tricyclic keto nitrile 178 with LiAlH₄ followed by immediate protection as the TES ether and then treatment with carbon disulfide and DCC in methylene chloride gave the isothiocyanate 222. Reduction of isothiocyanate 222 with Bu₃SnH and AIBN led to the formation of the tricyclic disilyl ether 224. [formulas not included]
A Detailed Hydro-Economic Model for Assessing the Effects of Surface Water and Groundwater Policies: A Demonstration Model from Brazil
Creators: name: Maneta, Marco P.
name: Torres, Marcelo
name: Howitt, Richard E.
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Wallender, Wesley W.
name: Bassoi, Luis H.
name: Maneta, Marco P.
name: Torres, Marcelo
name: Howitt, Richard E.
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Wallender, Wesley W.
name: Bassoi, Luis H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Policymakers, managers of water use associations, and many others in developing countries are considering policy actions that will directly or indirectly change the costs and availability of groundwater and surface water for agricultural users. While in many cases such actions may bring about welcomed increases in water use efficiency, little is known about the likely effects of changes in irrigation costs or water access on farmer behavior, or on farmer incomes in the short or long runs, and virtually nothing is known about the detailed immediate or knock-on effects on water resources that such policy actions might cause. This paper reports the preliminary results of research aiming to fill these large scientific gaps by developing a detailed hydrologic model and a detailed economic model of agriculture in the context of the Buriti Vermelho (BV) sub-catchment area of the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil. A spatially explicit, farm-level, positive mathematical programming model capable of accommodating a broad array of farm sizes and farm/farmer characteristics is being developed to predict the effects of alternative water policies and neighbors' water use patterns on agricultural production. Special attention is given to precisely defining and estimating the distinct variable costs (including labor and electrical energy costs) and capital costs of surface water and groundwater, which are considered perfect substitutes for irrigation. Shadow values for non-marketed inputs (land, family labor, and water) are estimated in the first step of the modeling process. A high-resolution, spatially distributed hydrologic model (MOD-HMS) is being developed to simulate three-dimensional, variably-saturated subsurface flow and solute transport. Subsurface flow is simulated using the three-dimensional Richards equation while accounting for a) application of water at the surface, b) precipitation, c) soil evaporation and crop transpiration, and d) agricultural pumping. Demonstration versions of both models are presented and tested: the economic model assesses the effects of increasing water scarcity on cultivated area, crop mix, input mix and farm profits; the hydrologic model uses two irrigation water use scenarios to demonstrate the effects of each on surface water flows and storage, and on groundwater storage and well depth. The models are not currently linked, but a detailed plan to do so is presented and discussed. The paper concludes by discussing next steps in research and policy simulations.
Location Determinants of Food Manufacturing Investment: Are Non-metropolitan Counties Competitive?
Creators: name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: McNamara, Kevin T.
name: Beeler, Megan I.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: McNamara, Kevin T.
name: Beeler, Megan I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: firm location
subject: food manufacturing
subject: negative binomial regression
subject: spatial clustering

description: Food manufacturing site selection is determined by infrastructure, agglomeration, product and input markets, labor markets, and fiscal attributes of local communities. This article examines how these factors influence location decisions across the rural-urban continuum in the lower forty-eight states of the U.S. Negative binomial regression and spatial clustering methods are used to forecast new food processor location patterns at the county level, 2000-2004. Remote rural areas are at a comparative disadvantage with respect to attracting food processors, but non-metropolitan counties with economic links to urban core areas may be attractive investment sites for footloose, supply, and demand-oriented food manufacturers.
Deliverable 1.1 Tools and training for setting up a transformative network
Creators: name: Boekhoudt, Lynn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Tools for transformation
Responsible Research and Innovation
Dissemination
FIT4FOOD2030
Food and Nutrition Security
Dynamic Learning Agenda
FOOD2030EU

description: Global challenges can only be solved by true collaboration between stakeholders and individuals in a networked environment. FIT4FOOD2030 supports the urgently needed transformation of research and innovation (R&I) on Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) in Europe. To achieve that, FIT4FOOD2030 will create a sustainable, multi-stakeholder platform, mobilizing a wide variety of stakeholders at the level of cities, regions, countries, and Europe wide. Known as the FOOD2030 Platform, this network will make R&I policies on FNS more coherent, build competences of current and future researchers, entrepreneurs, policy-makers and society at large, and raise awareness around FOOD 2030. This ‘Tools and Training for Setting up a Transformative Network’ deliverable is designed to support FIT4FOOD2030 Policy and City Lab coordinators in developing a sustainable network that has transformative capacities for R&I on FNS. This deliverable provides a series of training modules that cover the essential elements of setting up a transformative network. Each module presents (example) exercises, followed by resources to gather background information on the module-topic and/or resources to (re-)design alternative exercises.
STRENGTHENING THE MODERN IMAGE OF UKRAINE AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DIRECTIONS OF THE STATE'S FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY
Creators: name: Sulym, B.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: image
brand
state strategy

description: The article is devoted to studying the current state of Ukraine's image and the search for ways to strengthen it, taking into account the foreign policy strategy of the state. The study aims to show the current state of Ukraine in the international business arena, identify the main strengths and weaknesses, and form practical directions for strengthening the image during the strategic development of the state. The study's relevance is confirmed by the conflict escalation in Ukraine and problems that emerged under the influence of globalization. According to the study results, Ukraine's place in international rankings is shown, the main weaknesses and strengths of Ukraine, its place among other countries are identified. Seven main factors can be important in shaping the foreign policy strategy of the state, which positions the country as a tourist and innovative.
Staggered magnetization and entanglement enhancement by magnetic impurities in $S=1/2$ spin chain
Creators: name: Apollaro, Tony
name: Cuccoli, Alessandro
name: Fubini, Andrea
name: Plastina, Francesco
name: Verrucchi, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of a magnetic impurity on the behavior of a $S=1/2$ spin chain. At T=0, both with and without an applied uniform magnetic field, an oscillating magnetization appears, whose decay with the distance from the impurity is ruled by a power law. As a consequence, pairwise entanglement is either enhanced or quenched, depending on the distance of the spin pair with respect to the impurity and on the values of the magnetic field and the intensity of the impurity itself. This leads us to suggest that acting on such control parameters, an adiabatic manipulation of the entanglement distribution can be performed. The robustness of our results against temperature is checked, and suggestions about possible experimental applications are put forward.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures
Credit Access: Implications for Sole-Proprietor Household Production
Creators: name: Briggeman, Brian C.
name: Towe, Charles A.
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
name: Briggeman, Brian C.
name: Towe, Charles A.
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: farm credit
subject: credit constraint
subject: debt

description: The objective of this study is to explain the determinants of farm and non-farm sole proprietorship households access to credit as well as the extent their credit constraints impact their value of production. A propensity, kernel-based matching estimator was employed to provide unbiased estimates of the production impacts of being denied credit. Prior research efforts have used inferior methods, including the two-stage Heckman estimator deal with estimation issues (selection bias and endogeneity) inherent in determining impacts of credit access and use. Results suggest that credit constrained sole-proprietorships, farm and non-farm, have a significantly lower value of production, but this drop in production, when aggregated to a national level, is small.
Angular distribution in two-photon double ionization of helium by intense attosecond soft X-ray pulses
Creators: name: Barna, I. F.
name: Wang, J.
name: Burgdoerfer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate two-photon double ionization of helium by intense ($10^{15} W/cm^2$) ultrashort ($\approx 300$ as) soft X-ray pulses (E = 91.6 eV). The time-dependent two-electron Schrödinger equation is solved using a coupled channel method. We show that for ultrashort pulses the angular distribution of ejected electrons depends on the pulse duration and provides novel insights into the role of electron correlations in the two-electron photoemission process. The angular distribution at energies near the ``independent electron'' peaks is close to dipolar while it acquires in the ``valley'' of correlated emission a significant quadrupolar component within a few hundred attoseconds.
description: 17 pages, 6 figs
Re-evaluation of the Kentucky Flexible Pavement Design Criterion
Creators: name: Drake, William B.
name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1959
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Prior to 1948, the criterion in Kentucky for designing the thickness of bituminous pavements was based upon a modified laboratory CBR and the 1942 curves developed by the California Department of Highways. In 1948, the Materials Research Laboratory reported: "An Investigation of Field and Laboratory Methods for Evaluating Sub-grade Support in the Design of Highway Flexible Pavement." Included in that report as a recommended method of thickness design for use in Kentucky was a set of curves based upon an empirical relationship between minimum laboratory CBR and observed pavement performance. These five curves accounted for traffic groups up to 10,000,000 EWL's. Since that time six additional curves have been included in the de sign charts for EWL groups up to 320,000,000. These additional curves were determined by extrapolation of the results from the 1948 study. Early in 1957, an evaluation of the design method was under taken. The basis for this re-evaluation was a statistical comparison of actual pavement performances with the designed life as anticipated or predicted by the design curves currently in use. On this basis, projects were selected, design records assembled, performances surveyed, and the data analyzed. Selected pavements which had been designed by the method developed in the 1948 study were checked for performance by visual survey, by roughness measurements, by measurements of rutting, by measurements of loaded-deflection with the Benkelman Beam, and by opening pavements for observation and sampling. Flexible base types studied included water bound macadam, bituminous concrete, granular dense graded aggregate and combinations. Laboratory evaluation on basis of bearing tests were made.      The visual survey established a range of performance.     Road roughness measurements were related to CBR but no attempt was made to draw design curves from this data since it could be greatly affected by factors not related to structural design.     Pavements opened for inspection revealed permanent deformation in the upper layers of the system as well as intrusions of subgrade in waterbound base courses.     An alternate method of design based on limiting deflection under load was developed from the Benkelman Beam measurements. Curves drawn from this data indicate a need for a slightly greater thickness than provided by the 1948 curves.
Iterative Surface Mapping Using Local Geometry Approximation with Sparse Measurements During Robotic Tooling Tasks
Creators: name: Amersdorfer, Manuel
name: Meurer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a cost-efficient and versatile method to map an unknown 3D freeform surface using only sparse measurements while the end-effector of a robotic manipulator moves along the surface. The geometry is locally approximated by a plane, which is defined by measured points on the surface. The method relies on linear Kalman filters, estimating the height of each point on a 2D grid. Therefore, the approximation covariance for each grid point is determined using a radial basis function to consider the measured point positions. We propose different update strategies for the grid points exploiting the locality of the planar approximation in combination with a projection method. The approach is experimentally validated by tracking the surface with a robotic manipulator. Three laser distance sensors mounted on the end-effector continuously measure points on the surface during the motion to determine the approximation plane. It is shown that the surface geometry can be mapped reasonably accurate with a mean absolute error below 1 mm. The mapping error mainly depends on the size of the approximation area and the curvature of the surface.
description: Accepted for presentation at and publication in the proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 7 pages, 6 figures
Optimal Crop-Insurance Strategies under Climate Variability: Contrasting Insurer and Farmer Interests
Creators: name: Cabrera, Victor E.
name: Solis, Daniel
name: Letson, David
name: Cabrera, Victor E.
name: Solis, Daniel
name: Letson, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This study analyzes the potential synergies and conflicts of interest between farmers and insurers in the selection of an optimal crop insurance contract. Special attention is given to how climate information influences this decision-making process. To do so, we consider a representative 40 hectares, rainfed, cotton-peanut farm located in Jackson County in Florida. Our results show that year-to-year ENSO-based climate variability affects farmers' income and insurers' gains according to crop insurance contracts. Additionally, introduction of ENSO-based climate forecasts presents a significant impact on the selection of a particular contract. We conclude that insurers and farmers can bridge their divergent interests by improving their understanding of the effect of climate conditions on the development of sustainable business plans.
The image separation distribution of strong lenses: Halo versus subhalo populations
Creators: name: Oguri, Masamune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a halo model prediction of the image separation distribution of strong lenses. Our model takes account of the subhalo population, which has been ignored in previous studies, as well as the conventional halo population. Halos and subhalos are linked to central and satellite galaxies by adopting an universal scaling relation between masses of (sub-)halos and luminosities of galaxies. Our model predicts that 10%-20% of lenses should be caused by the subhalo population. The fraction of lensing by satellite galaxies (subhalos) peaks at ~1'' and decreases rapidly with increasing image separations. We compute fractions of lenses which lie in groups and clusters, and find them to be ~14% and ~4%, respectively: Nearly half of such lenses are expected to be produced by satellite galaxies, rather than central parts of halos. We also study mass distributions of lensing halos and find that even at image separations of ~3'' the deviation of lens mass distributions from isothermal profiles is large: At or beyond ~3'' image separations are enhanced significantly by surrounding halos. Our model prediction agrees reasonably well with observed image separation distributions from galaxy to cluster scales.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Sixty Billion Gallons by 2030: Economic and Agricultural Impacts of Ethanol and Biodiesel Expansion
Creators: name: Torre Ugarte, Daniel De La
name: English, Burton C.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Torre Ugarte, Daniel De La
name: English, Burton C.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Agriculture is well positioned as a feedstock source because the fuels can be utilized with current engine technologies and are compatible with the current distribution infrastructure. Commercialization of cellulosic to ethanol technology will enable fuels to be derived from a diverse portfolio of feedstocks from numerous regions of the country. The levels of ethanol production analyzed are 10, 30, and 60 billion gallons of ethanol annually by 2010, 2020 and 2030, respectively. Impacts of producing 1 billion gallons of biodiesel production by 2012 and 1.6 billion gallons by 2030 are also projected. Overall, for the period 2007 to 2030, the estimated accumulated gains in net farm income are over $210 billion; and the accumulated potential savings in government payments are estimated to be $150 billion. Due to the geographic decentralization of the production of feedstock, economic gains are projected to accrue to the majority of regions of the country. Significant expansion beyond 60 billion gallons per year would likely require expansion of the region suitable for the production of bioenergy crops, ability to convert other pastureland (beyond cropland in pasture) into energy crops; allowing CRP acreage to be used in feedstock production, increasing short-rotation wood crops in the Northeast and Northwest regions, increased yields above those assumed in the analysis, and/or increasing the efficiency of cellulosic conversion. Further research should examine the agricultural, environmental, and economic impacts of one or more these factors changing.
THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TERMINOLOGY IN FUTURE DOCTORS TRAINING AT UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITIES
Creators: name: Zadorozhna, O.
name: Sulym, V.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: pedagogy
foreign language medical terminology
foreign language
medicine

description: The article is devoted to studying the importance of foreign language terminology in the training of future doctors in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The study aims to systematize information on the importance of studying foreign language medical terms. The study results show the systematization of the study's objectives of foreign language terminology.
Evidence for Planet-Planet Scattering in Upsilon Andromedae
Creators: name: Ford, Eric B.
name: Lystad, Verene
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doppler spectroscopy has detected 136 planets around nearby stars. A major puzzle is why their orbits are highly eccentric, while all planets in our Solar System are on nearly circular orbits, as expected if they formed by accretion processes in a protostellar disk. Several mechanisms have been proposed to generate large eccentricities after planet formation, but so far there has been little observational evidence to support any particular one. Here we report that the current orbital configuration of the three giant planets around Upsilon Andromedae (ups And) provides evidence for a close dynamical interaction with another planet, now lost from the system. The planets started on nearly circular orbits, but chaotic evolution caused the outer planet (ups And d) to be perturbed suddenly into a higher-eccentricity orbit. The coupled evolution of the system then causes slow periodic variations in the eccentricity of the middle planet (ups And c). Indeed, we show that ups And c periodically returns to a very nearly circular state every 9000 years. Our analysis shows that strong planet-planet scattering, one of several mechanisms previously discussed for increasing orbital eccentricities, must have operated in this system.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in Nature, press embargoed until publication (late March), includes supplementary material
A necklace of Wulff shapes
Creators: name: De Coninck, Joël
name: Dunlop, François
name: Huillet, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: AMS subject classification: 60K35, 60K37, 82B24, 82B41

description: In a probabilistic model of a film over a disordered substrate, Monte-Carlo simulations show that the film hangs from peaks of the substrate. The film profile is well approximated by a necklace of Wulff shapes. Such a necklace can be obtained as the infimum of a collection of Wulff shapes resting on the substrate. When the random substrate is given by iid heights with exponential distribution, we prove estimates on the probability density of the resulting peaks, at small density.
Visualizing Color Plasma Instabilities
Creators: name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss recent advances in the understanding of non-equilibrium gauge field dynamics in plasmas which have particle distributions which are locally anisotropic in momentum space. In contrast to locally isotropic plasmas such anisotropic plasmas have a spectrum of soft unstable modes which are characterized by exponential growth of transverse (chromo)-magnetic fields at short times. The long-time behavior of such instabilities depends on whether or not the gauge group is abelian or non-abelian. I will report on recent numerical simulations which attempt to determine the long-time behavior of an anisotropic non-abelian plasma within hard-loop effective theory. For novelty I will present an interesting method for visualizing the time-dependence of SU(2) gauge field configurations produced during our numerical simulations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Contribution to Proceedings of Workshop on Quark-Gluon-Plasma Thermalization, Vienna, Austria, Aug 10-12. For full resolution images see http://www.fias.uni-frankfurt.de/home/strickland/instability/
Probabilistic Modeling of Catastrophic Weather Risks: Implications for Indemnification Plans for Animal Waste Spills
Creators: name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Vado, Ligia
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Vado, Ligia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper presents probabilistic and economic models of two dimensions of catastrophic weather risks that are important factors underlying lagoon failures and waste spills in North Carolina-hurricane risks and the risks associated with significant cumulative rainfall. Hurricane strike and excessive cumulative rainfall probabilities are estimated for the entire state. Expected losses, which represent actuarially-fair insurance premium rates for a plan that would indemnify producers against damages from lagoon failures, are evaluated. Results imply annual premiums ranging from under $100 per year to over $2,062 per year. An interesting result is that those areas with the highest levels of expected loss are also those areas with the greatest concentration of waste lagoons.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/24/07.
The Use of Epoxy Resin for Sealing Cracks in a Reinforced Concrete Bridge
Creators: name: Evans, Milton
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1959
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: In the summer of 1958, a special formulation of epoxy resin was used to seal hairline cracks in the safety walks of the Levisa-Fork bridge at Paintsville, Kentucky. This bridge, a reinforced concrete box girder-type, Fig. 1, developed fine cracks soon after the falsework was removed. The cracks which were typically like those in Figs. 2 and 3, occurred in two areas, each extending about 30 ft. on either side of the center piers. They were through the full depth of the slab and ranged from about .005 in. to .031 in. in width. In all, there were 55 cracks averaging 3 ft. in length, making a total of 165 lineal ft. of cracks to be sealed.  After conducting laboratory investigations to test the flexural and bonding strengths and penetrating ability of the epoxy formulation, "Reliance Relcote 60", Figs. 4 and 5, it was concluded that this material would be suitable for sealing cracks in structural concrete. The resin's strength and resistance to water, weather, and corrosion were considered sufficient to protect the concrete and steel exposed by the cracks.
THE STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL AND VOLITIONAL REGULATION OF CHILDREN WITH ASD AND MENTAL RETARDATION
Creators: name: Savina, T.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: mental retardation (PDD)
ASD
specifics of emotional disorders

description: The article describes the study of the characteristics of children with ASD and mental retardation (PDD), presents an analysis of the results of diagnosing emotional-volitional regulation. The specifics of disorders in the emotional sphere of children with ASD and mental retardation are described. The results are described confirming that violations of emotional-volitional regulation can occur both in ASD and in mental retardation, but behavioral manifestations and emotional states will have their own specifics.
Limestone Fine Aggregate in Portland Cement Concrete
Creators: name: Laughlin, George R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1960
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Limestone is classified as a carbonaceous sedimentary rock. In general, the term is applied only to those rocks in which the carbonate fraction exceeds the non-carbonate fraction. The carbonate may be calcite and/or dolomite. In addition to the primary constituents, there are contaminating minerals such as quartz, clay minerals, chalcedony (chert and flint), pyrite, feldspars and organic matter. The clay minerals are probably the most deleterious contaminates in carbonate rock.
Randomly repeated measurements on quantum systems: Correlations and topological invariants of the quantum evolution
Creators: name: Ziegler, K.
name: Barkai, E.
name: Kessler, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Randomly repeated measurements during the evolution of a closed quantum system create a sequence of probabilities for the first detection of a certain quantum state. The related discrete monitored evolution for the return of the quantum system to its initial state is investigated. We found that the mean number of measurements until the first detection is an integer, namely the dimensionality of the accessible Hilbert space. Moreover, the mean first detected return time is equal to the average time step between successive measurements times the mean number of measurements. Thus, the mean first detected return time scales linearly with the dimensionality of the accessible Hilbert space. The main goal of this work is to explain the quantization of the mean return time in terms of a quantized Berry phase.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Camber Design Study for Concrete Pipe Culverts
Creators: name: May, Aubrey D.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1960
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: When a pipe culvert is constructed on or near the natural ground surface and covered by a highway fill or embankment, the weight of the embankment compresses and consolidates the foundation soil, settlement occurs, and the culvert subsides or sags below the original line as illustrated in Fig. 1. The amount of settlement depends, of course, upon the fill height or load, the depth of foundation soil, and the susceptibility of the foundation soil to consolidation. In addition, and toward the toes of the embankment, the structure may tend to lengthen. It may lengthen slightly, however, simply because the distance along the sag or the settlement curve is greater than the straight grade distance. These movements are damaging to the drainage structure and should be minimized or otherwise compensated in design insofar as practicable.
The Impact of Trade and Investment Liberalization on Rural Manufacturing
Creators: name: Tondel, Fabien
name: Freshwater, David
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Tondel, Fabien
name: Freshwater, David
name: Reed, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
International Relations/Trade

description: Rural areas in the United States, like in other OECD countries, rely heavily on manufacturing as a source of income. Taking stock of previous studies on the impact of trade and FDI liberalization on manufacturing industries, this study presents a model with heterogeneous firms in the context of a country consisting of an urban and a rural regions. We examine how a manufacturing industry responds differently in the urban and the rural regions when the domestic economy becomes open to trade and investment with a foreign partner.
Transfer Learning and SpecAugment applied to SSVEP Based BCI Classification
Creators: name: Bassi, Pedro R. A. S.
name: Rampazzo, Willian
name: Attux, Romis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: We used deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to classify electroencephalography (EEG) signals in a steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) based single-channel brain-computer interface (BCI), which does not require calibration on the user. Methods: EEG signals were converted to spectrograms and served as input to train DCNNs using the transfer learning technique. We also modified and applied a data augmentation method, SpecAugment, generally employed for speech recognition. Furthermore, for comparison purposes, we classified the SSVEP dataset using Support-vector machines (SVMs) and Filter Bank canonical correlation analysis (FBCCA). Results: Excluding the evaluated user's data from the fine-tuning process, we reached 82.2% mean test accuracy and 0.825 mean F1-Score on 35 subjects from an open dataset, using a small data length (0.5 s), only one electrode (Oz) and the DCNN with transfer learning, window slicing (WS) and SpecAugment's time masks. Conclusion: The DCNN results surpassed SVM and FBCCA performances, using a single electrode and a small data length. Transfer learning provided minimal accuracy change, but made training faster. SpecAugment created a small performance improvement and was successfully combined with WS, yielding higher accuracies. Significance: We present a new methodology to solve the problem of SSVEP classification using DCNNs. We also modified a speech recognition data augmentation technique and applied it to the context of BCIs. The presented methodology surpassed performances obtained with FBCCA and SVMs (more traditional SSVEP classification methods) in BCIs with small data lengths and one electrode. This type of BCI can be used to develop small and fast systems.
Energy bursts in fiber bundle models of composite materials
Creators: name: Pradhan, Srutarshi
name: Hemmer, Per C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a model of composite materials, a bundle of many fibers with stochastically distributed breaking thresholds for the individual fibers is considered. The bundle is loaded until complete failure to capture the failure scenario of composite materials under external load. The fibers are assumed to share the load equally, and to obey Hookean elasticity right up to the breaking point. We determine the distribution of bursts in which an amount of energy $E$ is released. The energy distribution follows asymptotically a universal power law $E^{-5/2}$, for any statistical distribution of fiber strengths. A similar power law dependence is found in some experimental acoustic emission studies of loaded composite materials.
description: 5 pages, 4 figs
Scalable multiphoton quantum metrology with neither pre- nor post-selected measurements
Creators: name: You, Chenglong
name: Hong, Mingyuan
name: Bierhorst, Peter
name: Lita, Adriana E.
name: Glancy, Scott
name: Kolthammer, Steve
name: Knill, Emanuel
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: Mirin, Richard P.
name: Magana-Loaiza, Omar S.
name: Gerrits, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum statistical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field establish a limit, known as the shot-noise limit, on the sensitivity of optical measurements performed with classical technologies. However, quantum technologies are not constrained by this shot-noise limit. In this regard, the possibility of using every photon produced by quantum sources of light to estimate small physical parameters, beyond the shot-noise limit, constitutes one of the main goals of quantum optics. Here we experimentally demonstrate a scalable protocol for quantum-enhanced optical phase estimation across a broad range of phases, with neither pre- nor post-selected measurements. This is achieved through the efficient design of a source of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in combination with photon-number-resolving detection. The robustness of two-mode squeezed vacuum states against loss allows us to outperform schemes based on N00N states, in which the loss of a single photon is enough to remove all phase information from a quantum state. In contrast to other schemes that rely on N00N states or conditional measurements, the sensitivity of our technique could be improved through the generation and detection of high-order photon pairs. This unique feature of our protocol makes it scalable. Our work is important for quantum technologies that rely on multiphoton interference such as quantum imaging, boson sampling and quantum networks.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, added more discussions
Topological Factors Derived From Bohmian Mechanics
Creators: name: Duerr, Detlef
name: Goldstein, Sheldon
name: Taylor, James
name: Tumulka, Roderich
name: Zanghi, Nino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive for Bohmian mechanics topological factors for quantum systems with a multiply-connected configuration space Q. These include nonabelian factors corresponding to what we call holonomy-twisted representations of the fundamental group of Q. We employ wave functions on the universal covering space of Q. As a byproduct of our analysis, we obtain an explanation, within the framework of Bohmian mechanics, of the fact that the wave function of a system of identical particles is either symmetric or anti-symmetric.
description: 17 pages, no figures