cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing Born-Infeld $f(T)$ teleparallel gravity through Sgr A$^\star$ observations
Creators: name: Jusufi, Kimet
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Jamil, Mubasher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use observational data from the S2 star orbiting around the Galactic Center to constrain a black hole solution of extended teleparallel gravity models. Subsequently, we construct the shadow images of Sgr A$^{\star}$ black hole. In particular, we constrain the parameter $α=1/λ$ which appears in the Born-Infeld $f(T)$ model. In the strong gravity regime we find that the shadow radius increases with the increase of the parameter $α$. Specifically, from the S2 star observations, we find within 1$σ$ that the parameter must lie between $0 \leq α/M^2 \leq 6 \times 10^{-4}$. Consequently, we used the best fit parameters to model the shadow images of Sgr A$^{\star}$ black hole and then using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem we analysed the deflection angle for leading order expansions of the parameter $α$. It is found that within the parameter range, these observables are very close to the Schwarzschild case. Furthermore, using the best fit parameters for the Born-Infeld $f(T)$ model we show the angular diameter is consistent with recent observations for the Sgr A$^{\star}$ black hole angular diameter $(51.8 \pm 2.3) μ$arcsec and difficult to be distinguished from the GR. For the deflection angle of light, in leading order terms, we find that the deflection angle expressed in the ADM mass coincides with the GR, but the ADM mass in the Born-Infeld $f(T)$ gravity increases with the increase of $α$ and the overall deflection angle is expected to me greater in $f(T)$ gravity. As a consequence of this fact, we have shown that the electromagnetic intensity observed in shadow images is smaller compared to GR.
description: 12 pages, accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal C
The Mass Budget of Planet Forming Discs: Isolating the Epoch of Planetesimal Formation
Creators: name: Najita, J. R.
name: Kenyon, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high rate of planet detection among solar-type stars argues that planet formation is common. It is also generally assumed that planets form in protoplanetary discs like those observed in nearby star forming regions. On what timescale does the transformation from discs to planets occur? Here we show that current inventories of planets and protoplanetary discs are sensitive enough to place basic constraints on the timescale and efficiency of the planet formation process. A comparison of planet detection statistics and the measured solid reservoirs in T Tauri discs suggests that planet formation is likely already underway at the few Myr age of the discs in Taurus-Auriga, with a large fraction of solids having been converted into large objects with low millimeter opacity and/or sequestered at small disc radii where they are difficult to detect at millimeter wavelengths.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures, to appear in MNRAS
Genetic Associations in the Vitamin D Receptor and Colorectal Cancer in African Americans and Caucasians
Creators: name: Anderson, Jeffrey R.
name: Castells, Antoni
name: Kittles, Rick A.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Skol, Andrew
name: Carracedo, Angel
name: Ludvik, Anton E.
name: Keku, Temitope O.
name: Hooker, Stanley
name: Kupfer, Sonia S.
name: Ruiz-Ponte, Clara
name: Ellis, Nathan A.
name: Castellvi-Bel, Sergi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and higher mortality from the disease. In the US, African Americans (AAs) have the highest CRC incidence and mortality and the lowest levels of vitamin D. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been previously associated with CRC, but few studies have included AAs. We studied 795 AA CRC cases and 985 AA controls from Chicago and North Carolina as well as 1324 Caucasian cases and 990 Caucasian controls from Chicago and Spain. We genotyped 54 tagSNPs in VDR (46586959 to 46521297 Mb) and tested for association adjusting for West African ancestry, age, gender, and multiple testing. Untyped markers were imputed using MACH1.0. We analyzed associations by gender and anatomic location in the whole study group as well as by vitamin D intake in the North Carolina AA group. In the joint analysis, none of the SNPs tested was significantly associated with CRC. For four previously tested restriction fragment length polymorphisms, only one (referred to as ApaI), tagged by the SNP rs79628898, had a nominally significant p-value in AAs; none of these polymorphisms were associated with CRC in Caucasians. In the North Carolina AAs, for whom we had vitamin D intake data, we found a significant association between an intronic SNP rs11574041 and vitamin D intake, which is evidence for a VDR gene-environment interaction in AAs. In summary, using a systematic tagSNP approach, we have not found evidence for significant associations between VDR and CRC in AAs or Caucasians.
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: February 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Health reform law (2); health care law (4); important issues for the presidential election in 2016 (2); universal health care coverage through a single government plan (4); items in the news (1); Zika virus (5); safety of the water supply (1); lead level in Flint Michigan water supply (2); requirement to have health insurance (2); source of health insurance (3).
Measuring Alignment Bias in Neural Seq2Seq Semantic Parsers
Creators: name: Locatelli, Davide
name: Quattoni, Ariadna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prior to deep learning the semantic parsing community has been interested in understanding and modeling the range of possible word alignments between natural language sentences and their corresponding meaning representations. Sequence-to-sequence models changed the research landscape suggesting that we no longer need to worry about alignments since they can be learned automatically by means of an attention mechanism. More recently, researchers have started to question such premise. In this work we investigate whether seq2seq models can handle both simple and complex alignments. To answer this question we augment the popular Geo semantic parsing dataset with alignment annotations and create Geo-Aligned. We then study the performance of standard seq2seq models on the examples that can be aligned monotonically versus examples that require more complex alignments. Our empirical study shows that performance is significantly better over monotonic alignments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. In Proceedings of the 11th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics. 2022
Deep Multi-Frame MVDR Filtering for Binaural Noise Reduction
Creators: name: Tammen, Marvin
name: Doclo, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To improve speech intelligibility and speech quality in noisy environments, binaural noise reduction algorithms for head-mounted assistive listening devices are of crucial importance. Several binaural noise reduction algorithms such as the well-known binaural minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer have been proposed, which exploit spatial correlations of both the target speech and the noise components. Furthermore, for single-microphone scenarios, multi-frame algorithms such as the multi-frame MVDR (MFMVDR) filter have been proposed, which exploit temporal instead of spatial correlations. In this contribution, we propose a binaural extension of the MFMVDR filter, which exploits both spatial and temporal correlations. The binaural MFMVDR filters are embedded in an end-to-end deep learning framework, where the required parameters, i.e., the speech spatio-temporal correlation vectors as well as the (inverse) noise spatio-temporal covariance matrix, are estimated by temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) that are trained by minimizing the mean spectral absolute error loss function. Simulation results comprising measured binaural room impulses and diverse noise sources at signal-to-noise ratios from -5 dB to 20 dB demonstrate the advantage of utilizing the binaural MFMVDR filter structure over directly estimating the binaural multi-frame filter coefficients with TCNs.
description: accepted at IWAENC 2022
Genomewide Analysis of Inherited Variation Associated with Phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Proteins
Creators: name: Province, Michael A.
name: Hutz, Janna E.
name: Manning, W. Aaron
name: McLeod, Howard L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: While there exists a wealth of information about genetic influences on gene expression, less is known about how inherited variation influences the expression and post-translational modifications of proteins, especially those involved in intracellular signaling. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway contains several such proteins that have been implicated in a number of diseases, including a variety of cancers and some psychiatric disorders. To assess whether the activation of this pathway is influenced by genetic factors, we measured phosphorylated and total levels of three key proteins in the pathway (AKT1, p70S6K, 4E-BP1) by ELISA in 122 lymphoblastoid cell lines from 14 families. Interestingly, the phenotypes with the highest proportion of genetic influence were the ratios of phosphorylated to total protein for two of the pathway members: AKT1 and p70S6K. Genomewide linkage analysis suggested several loci of interest for these phenotypes, including a linkage peak for the AKT1 phenotype that contained the AKT1 gene on chromosome 14. Linkage peaks for the phosphorylated:total protein ratios of AKT1 and p70S6K also overlapped on chromosome 3. We selected and genotyped candidate genes from under the linkage peaks, and several statistically significant associations were found. One polymorphism in HSP90AA1 was associated with the ratio of phosphorylated to total AKT1, and polymorphisms in RAF1 and GRM7 were associated with the ratio of phosphorylated to total p70S6K. These findings, representing the first genomewide search for variants influencing human protein phosphorylation, provide useful information about the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and serve as a valuable proof of concept for studies integrating human genomics and proteomics.
Dictionary-Based Fusion of Contact and Acoustic Microphones for Wind Noise Reduction
Creators: name: Tammen, Marvin
name: Li, Xilin
name: Doclo, Simon
name: Theverapperuma, Lalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In mobile speech communication applications, wind noise can lead to a severe reduction of speech quality and intelligibility. Since the performance of speech enhancement algorithms using acoustic microphones tends to substantially degrade in extremely challenging scenarios, auxiliary sensors such as contact microphones can be used. Although contact microphones offer a much lower recorded wind noise level, they come at the cost of speech distortion and additional noise components. Aiming at exploiting the advantages of acoustic and contact microphones for wind noise reduction, in this paper we propose to extend conventional single-microphone dictionary-based speech enhancement approaches by simultaneously modeling the acoustic and contact microphone signals. We propose to train a single speech dictionary and two noise dictionaries and use a relative transfer function to model the relationship between the speech components at the microphones. Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields improvements in both speech quality and intelligibility compared to several baseline approaches, most notably approaches using only the contact microphones or only the acoustic microphone.
description: accepted at IWAENC 22
title: Idee und Konflikt im modernen Konstitutionalismus – Eine Besprechung von: Linda Colley, The Gun, the Ship, and the Pen. Warfare, Constitutions and the Making of the Modern World, 2021
Creators: name: Chatziathanasiou, Konstanitn
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 342 Constitutional and administrative law

description: Die Geschichte des modernen Konstitutionalismus lässt sich in zwei Dimensionen entfalten: Aufklärerische Ideen brachen sich Bahn und schlugen sich in Verfassungen nieder; gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse veränderten sich und machten neue soziale Pakte erforderlich. Während der erste Ansatz (Ordnungs-)Ideen in den Mittelpunkt stellt, zielt der zweite auf soziale Konflikte. Wie aber sind Idee und Konflikt miteinander verbunden? Das neue Buch von Linda Colley lässt sich als Antwort auf diese Frage lesen. Mit "The Gun, the Ship and the Pen. Warfare, Constitutions and the Making of the Modern World" legt sie eine Globalgeschichte der Verfassungsschreibung vor – durchaus im engeren Sinne: Colley schreibt über diejenigen Männer – und sehr selten Frauen –, die zur Feder griffen, um im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert Verfassungen für sich und andere zu formulieren. Anhand kunstvoll komponierter historischer Schlaglichter, die von Korsika, über St. Petersburg bis nach Tokyo reichen, zeigt Colley, dass diese Prozesse wechselseitig inspiriert und durch die globalisierte Kriegsführung der Großmächte geprägt waren. Das Buch ist eine spannende Weltreise. Freilich stellt sich beim Lesen die Frage, wie repräsentativ die ausgesuchten Fällen und Episoden für allgemeinere Trends sind.
description: The history of modern constitutionalism can be unfolded in two dimensions: Enlightenment ideas broke through and were reflected in constitutions; social power relations changed and made new social pacts necessary. While the first approach focuses on ideas of social order, the second aims at social conflicts. But how are idea and conflict connected? Linda Colley's new book can be read as an answer to this question. With "The Gun, the Ship and the Pen. Warfare, Constitutions and the Making of the Modern World," she presents a global history of constitution writing. Colley writes about those men - and very rarely women - who took up the pen to formulate constitutions for themselves and others in the 18th and 19th centuries. Using artfully composed historical episodes ranging from Corsica to St. Petersburg to Tokyo, Colley shows that these processes were (i) mutually inspired and (ii) shaped by the globalized warfare of the great powers. The book is an exciting journey around the world. Still, the question remains how representative the selected cases and episodes are for more general trends.
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: March 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Health reform law (2); health care law (4); important issues to vote for President in November (2); health care issues affecting presidential election (2); items in the news (1); women’s reproductive health choices and services (4); abortion, family planning, and contraception (1); requirement to have health insurance (1); cost of health insurance (2); problems with health insurance plan (1); source of health insurance (5).
The use of deep learning in interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy): a review with a focus on open source and open data
Creators: name: Fechter, Tobias
name: Sachpazidis, Ilias
name: Baltas, Dimos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning advanced to one of the most important technologies in almost all medical fields. Especially in areas, related to medical imaging it plays a big role. However, in interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) deep learning is still in an early phase. In this review, first, we investigated and scrutinised the role of deep learning in all processes of interventional radiotherapy and directly related fields. Additionally we summarised the most recent developments. To reproduce results of deep learning algorithms both source code and training data must be available. Therefore, a second focus of this work was on the analysis of the availability of open source, open data and open models. In our analysis, we were able to show that deep learning plays already a major role in some areas of interventional radiotherapy, but is still hardly presented in others. Nevertheless, its impact is increasing with the years, partly self-propelled but also influenced by closely related fields. Open source, data and models are growing in number but are still scarce and unevenly distributed among different research groups. The reluctance in publishing code, data and models limits reproducibility and restricts evaluation to mono-institutional datasets. Summarised, deep learning will change positively the workflow of interventional radiotherapy but there is room for improvement when it comes to reproducible results and standardised evaluation methods.
description: 31 pages, submitted to "Zeitschrift f\"ur Medizinische Physik"
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: April 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Health reform law (2); health care law (4); important issues to vote for President in November (2); health issues facing the country (2); prejudice and discrimination facing the country (1); mental health care (3); prescription painkillers (5); safety of public drinking water (3); items in the news (1); source of health insurance (5).
Estimating the warm dark matter mass from strong lensing images with truncated marginal neural ratio estimation
Creators: name: Montel, Noemi Anau
name: Coogan, Adam
name: Correa, Camila
name: Karchev, Konstantin
name: Weniger, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision analysis of galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lensing images provides a unique way of characterizing small-scale dark matter halos, and could allow us to uncover the fundamental properties of dark matter's constituents. Recently, gravitational imaging techniques made it possible to detect a few heavy subhalos. However, gravitational lenses contain numerous subhalos and line-of-sight halos, whose subtle imprint is extremely difficult to detect individually. Existing methods for marginalizing over this large population of sub-threshold perturbers to infer population-level parameters are typically computationally expensive, or require compressing observations into hand-crafted summary statistics, such as a power spectrum of residuals. Here, we present the first analysis pipeline to combine parametric lensing models and a recently-developed neural simulation-based inference technique called truncated marginal neural ratio estimation (TMNRE) to constrain the warm dark matter halo mass function cutoff scale directly from multiple lensing images. Through a proof-of-concept application to simulated data, we show that our approach enables empirically testable inference of the dark matter cutoff mass through marginalization over a large population of realistic perturbers that would be undetectable on their own, and over lens and source parameters uncertainties. To obtain our results, we combine the signal contained in a set of images with Hubble Space Telescope resolution. Our results suggest that TMNRE can be a powerful approach to put tight constraints on the mass of warm dark matter in the multi-keV regime, which will be relevant both for existing lensing data and in the large sample of lenses that will be delivered by near-future telescopes.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures; Updated to match version published in MNRAS
Metrics of calibration for probabilistic predictions
Creators: name: Arrieta-Ibarra, Imanol
name: Gujral, Paman
name: Tannen, Jonathan
name: Tygert, Mark
name: Xu, Cherie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predictions are often probabilities; e.g., a prediction could be for precipitation tomorrow, but with only a 30% chance. Given such probabilistic predictions together with the actual outcomes, "reliability diagrams" help detect and diagnose statistically significant discrepancies -- so-called "miscalibration" -- between the predictions and the outcomes. The canonical reliability diagrams histogram the observed and expected values of the predictions; replacing the hard histogram binning with soft kernel density estimation is another common practice. But, which widths of bins or kernels are best? Plots of the cumulative differences between the observed and expected values largely avoid this question, by displaying miscalibration directly as the slopes of secant lines for the graphs. Slope is easy to perceive with quantitative precision, even when the constant offsets of the secant lines are irrelevant; there is no need to bin or perform kernel density estimation. The existing standard metrics of miscalibration each summarize a reliability diagram as a single scalar statistic. The cumulative plots naturally lead to scalar metrics for the deviation of the graph of cumulative differences away from zero; good calibration corresponds to a horizontal, flat graph which deviates little from zero. The cumulative approach is currently unconventional, yet offers many favorable statistical properties, guaranteed via mathematical theory backed by rigorous proofs and illustrative numerical examples. In particular, metrics based on binning or kernel density estimation unavoidably must trade-off statistical confidence for the ability to resolve variations as a function of the predicted probability or vice versa. Widening the bins or kernels averages away random noise while giving up some resolving power. Narrowing the bins or kernels enhances resolving power while not averaging away as much noise.
description: 50 pages, 36 figures
How a well-adapted immune system is organized
Creators: name: Mayer, Andreas
name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Mora, Thierry
name: Walczak, Aleksandra M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The repertoire of lymphocyte receptors in the adaptive immune system protects organisms from diverse pathogens. A well-adapted repertoire should be tuned to the pathogenic environment to reduce the cost of infections. We develop a general framework for predicting the optimal repertoire that minimizes the cost of infections contracted from a given distribution of pathogens. The theory predicts that the immune system will have more receptors for rare antigens than expected from the frequency of encounters; individuals exposed to the same infections will have sparse repertoires that are largely different, but nevertheless exploit cross-reactivity to provide the same coverage of antigens; and the optimal repertoires can be reached via the dynamics of competitive binding of antigens by receptors, and selective amplification of stimulated receptors. Our results follow from a tension between the statistics of pathogen detection, which favor a broader receptor distribution, and the effects of cross-reactivity, which tend to concentrate the optimal repertoire onto a few highly abundant clones. Our predictions can be tested in high throughput surveys of receptor and pathogen diversity.
Genome-Wide Detection of Allele Specific Copy Number Variation Associated with Insulin Resistance in African Americans from the HyperGEN Study
Creators: name: Freedman, Barry I.
name: Pajewski, Nicholas M.
name: Pankow, Jim
name: Rice, Treva K.
name: Arnett, Donna K.
name: Broeckel, Uli
name: North, Kari E.
name: Franceschini, Nora
name: Irvin, Marguerite R.
name: Tiwari, Hemant K.
name: Wineinger, Nathan E.
name: Kabagambe, Edmond K.
name: Wilk, Jemma B.
name: Gu, Charles C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: African Americans have been understudied in genome wide association studies of diabetes and related traits. In the current study, we examined the joint association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) with fasting insulin and an index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the HyperGEN study, a family based study with proband ascertainment for hypertension. This analysis is restricted to 1,040 African Americans without diabetes. We generated allele specific CNV genotypes at 872,243 autosomal loci using Birdsuite, a freely available multi-stage program. Joint tests of association for SNPs and CNVs were performed using linear mixed models adjusting for covariates and familial relationships. Our results highlight SNPs associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (rs6576507 and rs8026527, 3.7*10−7≤P≤1.1*10−5) near ATPase, class V, type 10A (ATP10A), and the L Type voltage dependent calcium channel (CACNA1D, rs1401492, P≤5.2*10−6). ATP10A belongs to a family of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases and has been associated with type 2 diabetes in mice. CACNA1D has been linked to pancreatic beta cell generation in mice. The two most significant copy variable markers (rs10277702 and rs361367; P<2.0*10−4) were in the beta variable region of the T-cell receptor gene (TCRVB). Human and mouse TCR has been shown to mimic insulin and its receptor and could contribute to insulin resistance. Our findings differ from genome wide association studies of fasting insulin and other diabetes related traits in European populations, highlighting the continued need to investigate unique genetic influences for understudied populations such as African Americans.
Sphere on a plane: Two-dimensional scattering from a finite curved region
Creators: name: Anglin, James R.
name: Wamba, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-relativistic particles that are effectively confined to two dimensions can in general move on curved surfaces, allowing dynamical phenomena beyond what can be described with scalar potentials or even vector gauge fields. Here we consider a simple case of piecewise uniform curvature: a particle moves on a plane with a spherical extrusion. Depending on the latitude at which the sphere joins the plane, the extrusion can range from an infinitesimal bump to a nearly full sphere that just touches the plane. Free classical motion on this surface of piecewise uniform curvature follows geodesics that are independent of velocity, while quantum mechanical scattering depends on energy. We compare classical, semi-classical, and fully quantum problems, which are all exactly solvable, and show how semi-classical analysis explains the complex quantum differential cross section in terms of interference between two classical trajectories: the sphere on a plane acts as a kind of double slit.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Optimising creation operators for charmonium spectroscopy on the lattice
Creators: name: Knechtli, Francesco
name: Korzec, Tomasz
name: Peardon, Michael
name: Urrea-Niño, Juan Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Smearing the bare quantum fields in lattice calculations before applying composite hadron creation operators has a long record of substantially improving overlaps onto low-lying energy eigenstates. A technique called distillation which defines smearing for quark fields as a low-rank linear projection operator into a small vector space of smooth gauge-covariant fields has proven to be both effective and versatile in hadron spectroscopy calculations albeit with significant computational cost . In this paper, more general operators in this space of smooth fields are introduced and optimised, which enhances the performance of the method when tested on systems of heavy quark-anti-quark pairs close to the charmonium energy scale.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: June 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Health reform law (2); health care law (4); important issues to vote for President (2); health care costs (2); rising costs of health insurance premiums (2); Zika virus (8); government funding aimed at limiting the spread of Zika (2); Zika virus in the United States (2); items in the news (1); source of health insurance (5).
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: July 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Health reform law (2); health care law (4); important issues to vote for President (2); health care issues affecting presidential election (2); differences between the U.S. political parties on health care issues (4); national conventions (2); Zika virus (4); items in the news (1); source of health insurance (5).
Hedgehog Signaling Antagonist Promotes Regression of Both Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Murine Model of Primary Liver Cancer
Creators: name: Venkatraman, Talaignair
name: Philips, George M.
name: Choi, Steve
name: Schroder, Vanessa T.
name: Swiderska, Marzena
name: Moylan, Cynthia
name: Chan, Isaac S.
name: Witek, Rafal P.
name: Feuerlein, Sebastian
name: Syn, Wing-Kin
name: Rangwala, Fatima
name: Lascola, Christopher
name: Diehl, Anna Mae
name: Guy, Cynthia
name: Karaca, Gamze F.
name: Jung, Youngmi
name: Michelotti, Gregory A.
name: Merkle, Elmar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Chronic fibrosing liver injury is a major risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis in humans. Mice with targeted deletion of Mdr2 (the murine ortholog of MDR3) develop chronic fibrosing liver injury. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emerges spontaneously in such mice by 50–60 weeks of age, providing a model of fibrosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. We used Mdr2−/− mice to investigate the hypothesis that activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway promotes development of both liver fibrosis and HCC.
Driven translocation of a semiflexible polymer through a conical channel in the presence of attractive surface interactions
Creators: name: Sharma, Andri
name: Kapri, Rajeev
name: Chaudhuri, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the translocation of a semiflexible polymer through a conical channel with attractive surface interactions and a driving force which varies spatially inside the channel. Using the results of the translocation dynamics of a flexible polymer through an extended channel as control, we first show that the asymmetric shape of the channel gives rise to non-monotonic features in the total translocation time as a function of the apex angle of the channel. The waiting time distributions of individual monomer beads inside the channel show unique features strongly dependent on the driving force and the surface interactions. Polymer stiffness results in longer translocation times for all angles of the channel. Further, non-monotonic features in the translocation time as a function of the channel angle changes substantially as the polymer becomes stiffer, which is reflected in the changing features of the waiting time distributions. We construct a free energy description of the system incorporating entropic and energetic contributions in the low force regime to explain the simulation results.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: August 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Health reform law (2); health care law (2); important issues during the 2016 presidential campaign (2); access to affordable health care (2); Zika virus (6); Zika travel warnings (2); funding to deal with Zika in the U.S. (1); access to personal medical records online (10); items in the news (1); political party preference (2); source of health insurance (2).
Zero-bias conductance peak in detached flakes of superconducting 2H-TaS$_2$ probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Creators: name: Galvis, J. A.
name: Chirolli, L.
name: Guillamon, I.
name: Vieira, S.
name: Navarro-Moratalla, E.
name: Coronado, E.
name: Suderow, H.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an anomalous tunneling conductance with a zero bias peak in flakes of superconducting 2H-TaS$_2$ detached through mechanical exfoliation. To explain the observed phenomenon, we construct a minimal model for a single unit cell layer of superconducting 2H-TaS$_2$ with a simplified 2D Fermi surface and sign-changing Cooper pair wavefunction induced by Coulomb repulsion. Superconductivity is induced in the central $Γ$ pocket, where it becomes nodal. We show that weak scattering at the nodal Fermi surface, produced by non-perturbative coupling between tip and sample, gives Andreev states that lead to a zero bias peak in the tunneling conductance. We suggest that reducing dimensionality down to a few atom thick crystals could drive a crossover from conventional to sign changing pairing in the superconductor 2H-TaS$_2$.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: September 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: 2016 presidential election (2); health reform law (2); health care costs (1); health insurance marketplace (2); advertisements for prescription drugs (4); cost of prescription drugs (4); brand-name vs. generic prescription drugs (2); personal use of prescription drugs (2); stories in the news (1); Americans without health insurance (1); Zika virus (4); political party preference (2); source of health insurance (2).
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: October 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: 2016 presidential election (2); health reform law (2); health care law (2); Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump views on health care (2); Congress handling the health care law (2); opinion of the health care law (3); government spending (2); increased health care costs (2); Americans without health insurance (1); public health insurance (3); Affordable Care Act (1); sources of information about the health care law (3); news media coverage (2); source of health insurance (2).
Hierarchical Anatomical Brain Networks for MCI Prediction: Revisiting Volumetric Measures
Creators: name: Zhou, Luping
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Li, Yang
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Wang, Yaping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Owning to its clinical accessibility, T1-weighted MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has been extensively studied in the past decades for prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The volumes of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most commonly used measurements, resulting in many successful applications. It has been widely observed that disease-induced structural changes may not occur at isolated spots, but in several inter-related regions. Therefore, for better characterization of brain pathology, we propose in this paper a means to extract inter-regional correlation based features from local volumetric measurements. Specifically, our approach involves constructing an anatomical brain network for each subject, with each node representing a Region of Interest (ROI) and each edge representing Pearson correlation of tissue volumetric measurements between ROI pairs. As second order volumetric measurements, network features are more descriptive but also more sensitive to noise. To overcome this limitation, a hierarchy of ROIs is used to suppress noise at different scales. Pairwise interactions are considered not only for ROIs with the same scale in the same layer of the hierarchy, but also for ROIs across different scales in different layers. To address the high dimensionality problem resulting from the large number of network features, a supervised dimensionality reduction method is further employed to embed a selected subset of features into a low dimensional feature space, while at the same time preserving discriminative information. We demonstrate with experimental results the efficacy of this embedding strategy in comparison with some other commonly used approaches. In addition, although the proposed method can be easily generalized to incorporate other metrics of regional similarities, the benefits of using Pearson correlation in our application are reinforced by the experimental results. Without requiring new sources of information, our proposed approach improves the accuracy of MCI prediction from (of conventional volumetric features) to (of hierarchical network features), evaluated using data sets randomly drawn from the ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) dataset.
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: November 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: 2016 presidential election (1); major factors in voting for president (2); health reform law (2); health care law (2); Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump views on health care (2); Congress handling the health care law (2); opinion of the health care law (3); insurance coverage for people with pre-existing conditions (1); health problems facing the country (1); prescription painkillers (8); government spending (2); increased health care costs (2); Americans without health insurance (1); public health insurance (2); Affordable Care Act (1); sources of information about the health care law (3); news media coverage (2); source of health insurance (2).
Large current modulation in exfoliated-graphene/MoS2/metal vertical heterostructures
Creators: name: Moriya, Rai
name: Yamaguchi, Takehiro
name: Inoue, Yoshihisa
name: Morikawa, Sei
name: Sata, Yohta
name: Masubuchi, Satoru
name: Machida, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene-based vertical field effect transistors have attracted considerable attention in the light of realizing high-speed switching devices; however, the functionality of such devices has been limited by either their small ON-OFF current ratios or ON current densities. We fabricate a graphene/MoS2/metal vertical heterostructure by using mechanical exfoliation and dry transfer of graphene and MoS2 layers. The van der Waals interface between graphene and MoS2 exhibits a Schottky barrier, thus enabling the possibility of well-defined current rectification. The height of the Schottky barrier can be strongly modulated by an external gate electric field owing to the small density of states of graphene. We obtain large current modulation exceeding 10^5 simultaneously with a large current density of ~10^4 A/cm^2 , thereby demonstrating the superior performance of the exfoliated-graphene/MoS2/metal vertical field effect transistor
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: December 2016 Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: 2016 presidential election (1); voting in the election (1); important issues for President-elect Donald Trump (1); health reform law (2); health care law (2); President-elect Donald Trump and Congress handling the health care issues (2); opinion of Donald Trump’s health care policies (3); insurance coverage for people with pre-existing conditions (1); health problems facing the country (1); prescription painkillers (2); federal health spending (2); increased health care costs (2); Americans without health insurance (1); Affordable Care Act (1); sources of information about the health care law (3); news media coverage (2); source of health insurance (2).
Non-Dyson Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction Theory for Charged Excitations in Solids
Creators: name: Banerjee, Samragni
name: Sokolov, Alexander Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first implementation and applications of non-Dyson algebraic diagrammatic construction theory for charged excitations in three-dimensional periodic solids (EA/IP-ADC). The EA/IP-ADC approach has a computational cost similar to the ground-state Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, enabling efficient calculations of a variety of crystalline excited-state properties (e.g., band structure, band gap, density of states) sampled in the Brillouin zone. We use EA/IP-ADC to compute the quasiparticle band structures and band gaps of several materials (from large-gap atomic and ionic solids to small-gap semiconductors) and analyze the errors of EA/IP-ADC approximations up to the third order in perturbation theory. Our work also reports the first-ever calculations of ground-state properties (equation-of-state and lattice constants) of three-dimensional crystalline systems using a periodic implementation of third-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP3).
The Browns Creek Community Archaeology Project: preliminary results from the survey and excavation of a late Holocene shell midden on the Victorian coast
Creators: name: Lawler, Martin
name: Arnold, Ron
name: Robb, Kasey F
name: Herries, Andy I. R
name: Lovett, Tya
name: Keogh, Christine
name: Phelan, Matthew
name: Falconer, Steven E
name: Fall, Patricia L
name: Tumney, Jacqueline
name: Stammers, Rhiannon
name: James-Lee, Tiffany
name: Berelov, Ilya
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Archaeology Program, La Trobe University
Complete analysis of the maximally hyperentangled state via the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple method for the complete analysis of maximally hyperentangled state in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom assisted by the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Our method not only can be used for two-photon hyperentangled Bell state analysis and three-photon hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state analysis, but also is suitable for N-photon hyperentangled GHZ state analysis. In our protocols, the bit information of hyperentanglement is read out via the nonlinear interaction, and the phase information is obtained by using linear optical element and single photon detector. This approach is achievable with the current technology, and will be useful for the practical high-capacity quantum communication schemes.
Pew Research Center: April 2009 General Public Science Survey
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Direction of country (1); keeping up with news (1); professions contributing to society (10); American achievements (1); America vs. industrialized countries (6); keeping up with science (1); watching science channels (1); visiting science web sites (1); reading science magazines (1); effect of science (6); science vs. Religion (3); testing medicines and medical treatments (1); pay-off of government investments (3); areas of research (4); evolution (3); global warming (3); cause of global warming (1); opinion on certain actions (3); childhood diseases (1); scientists involvement in political issues (2); scientific findings vs. Bush administration (3); stem cells (1); drugs preventing heart attacks (1); discoveries on Mars (1); gas increasing atmospheric temperatures (1).
High-Resolution Quantification of Focal Adhesion Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Living Cells
Creators: name: Vitriol, Eric A.
name: Hahn, Klaus M.
name: Berginski, Mathew E.
name: Gomez, Shawn M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Focal adhesions (FAs) are macromolecular complexes that provide a linkage between the cell and its external environment. In a motile cell, focal adhesions change size and position to govern cell migration, through the dynamic processes of assembly and disassembly. To better understand the dynamic regulation of focal adhesions, we have developed an analysis system for the automated detection, tracking, and data extraction of these structures in living cells. This analysis system was used to quantify the dynamics of fluorescently tagged Paxillin and FAK in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts followed via Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRF). High content time series included the size, shape, intensity, and position of every adhesion present in a living cell. These properties were followed over time, revealing adhesion lifetime and turnover rates, and segregation of properties into distinct zones. As a proof-of-concept, we show how a single point mutation in Paxillin at the Jun-kinase phosphorylation site Serine 178 changes FA size, distribution, and rate of assembly. This study provides a detailed, quantitative picture of FA spatiotemporal dynamics as well as a set of tools and methodologies for advancing our understanding of how focal adhesions are dynamically regulated in living cells. A full, open-source software implementation of this pipeline is provided at http://gomezlab.bme.unc.edu/tools.