cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interactions between apolar, basic and acidic model oils and a calcite surface
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyan
name: Feilberg, Karen L.
name: Yan, Wei
name: Stenby, Erling H.
name: Thormann, Esben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this study, the atomic force microscopy colloidal probe technique was employed to investigate the interaction between apolar, basic and acidic model oil probes and a calcite surface in solutions containing different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2 and Na2SO4. In the presence of SO42−, hydration and structural forces were observed between apolar model oil probes and a calcite surface on approach. Relatively low adhesion forces were observed between the basic model oil probes and the calcite surface, while higher adhesion forces were observed between the acidic model oil probes and the calcite surface. Furthermore, the adhesion forces between the basic model oil probes and the calcite surface significantly increased in the presence of SO42−, while the adhesion force between the acidic model oil probes and the calcite surface decreased in the presence of Ca2+ or SO42−. The differences in the adhesion forces are related to electrostatic attraction and ion bridging forces between the model oil probes and the calcite surface.
D6.4 Data Management Plan
Creators: name: Anastasius Gavras
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Data Management Plan, DOI, Digital Object Identifier, Open Access

description: This document covers overarching issues concerning data management. It concerns all qualitative and quantitative data generated by the project. For the creation of this Data Management Plan the Guidelines to the Rules on Open Access to Scientific Publications and Open Access to Research Data in Horizon 2020, Version 3.2, 21 March 2017, and Guidelines on FAIR Data Management in Horizon 2020, Version 3.0, 26 July 2016 have been consulted.
description: List of authors:
Eurescom GmbH, Anastasius Gavras --> Initial draft, final version
All .--> Individual contributions and comments on specific issues.
What Is Criterion and e-rater, and How Can They Be Used in a Classroom?
Creators: name: Song, Youngsoo
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: It is not uncommon for teachers to worry about delivering effective instruction and employing good pedagogical methods to maximize student learning. However, this becomes more problematic with the growing number of students per class and by the shortage of teachers who can accommodate the students. An immediate concern that will be discussed in this short piece is assessment, feedback, and scoring on writing from ESL/EFL students. A teacher becoming fatigued by an overwhelming amount of work is one concern, but it is often followed by unreliable and inaccurate assessment and grading of the students’ work. With little control over the shortage of teachers and the continuous enrollment of students, there must be a solution to alleviate the burden of teachers. This is where automated essay scoring (AES) tools such as Criterion by ETS may prove to be useful for teachers to effectively and efficiently provide meaningful feedback and grades. To elaborate, Criterion is an online platform providing convenience and practicality for its users, but it is the technology (also referred to as engine) of e-rater embedded in Criterion that provides automatic feedback on surface features of text such as grammar and scores
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2012)
Fast tunnel rates in Si/SiGe one-electron single and double quantum dots
Creators: name: Thalakulam, Madhu
name: Simmons, C. B.
name: Rosemeyer, B. M.
name: Savage, D. E.
name: Lagally, M. G.
name: Friesen, Mark
name: Coppersmith, S. N.
name: Eriksson, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the fabrication and measurement of one-electron single and double quantum dots with fast tunnel rates in a Si/SiGe heterostructure. Achieving fast tunnel rates in few-electron dots can be challenging, in part due to the large electron effective mass in Si. Using charge sensing, we identify signatures of tunnel rates in and out of the dot that are fast or slow compared to the measurement rate. Such signatures provide a means to calibrate the absolute electron number and verify single electron occupation. Pulsed gate voltage measurements are used to validate the approach.
description: 4 pages, double column, 3 figures
The Application of Natural Language Processing and Automated Scoring in Second Language Assessment
Creators: name: Liu, Heidi Han-Ting
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of research that is used to investigate the application of natural language and is the foundation of machine translation, natural language text processing, natural language generation, multilingual and cross language information retrieval, speech recognition, parsing, and expert systems. To understand natural language in order to build or select appropriate algorithms for processing, three major issues are called into attention: humans' thought processes, the meaning of linguistic input in context, and world knowledge. These considerations have led to the development of various types of NLP tools for lexical and morphological analysis, semantic and discourse analysis, as well as knowledge-based approaches (c.f., Chowdhury, 2003). After decades of evolution and advancement, the current stage of NLP, as Xi (2010) pointed out, has allowed language testing researchers to apply its techniques in developing automated scoring systems for the purpose of language learning and assessment.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2012)
Commentaries on Computer based Language Assessment
Creators: name: Oh, Saerhim
name: Seong, Yuna
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: The rapid change and use of computer technology has had a profound influence in the field of language teaching and assessment, and the changes that computer and technology has brought to language assessment inparticular are not only inthe delivery method, but alsoin the scoring systems (Chapelle & Douglas, 2006). For instance, awide varietyof tasks be given as a test online worldwide, andscores canbe available immediatelyto the test takers. However, along with such advances come potential problems and concerns.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2012)
Chilean Clitic Reduplication: Implications for Morphology and Syntax
Creators: name: Mann, Daniel
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: This paper explores the phenomenon of clitic duplication in Spanish as seen in the sentence Te voy a pegarte (‘I’m going to hit you’). Structures like these have several interesting implications for the Spanish language and generativist syntax. Neverthelesss, clitic duplication has not been extensively examined in the generativist literature. This working paper will critically review the small body of existing work on clitic reduplication. Furthermore, based on data gathered from native speakers of Chilean Spanish, it will provide some preliminary evidence for strengthening the argument that Spanish clitics are object agreement morphemes. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide a base to further pursue the topic of Chilean clitic reduplication to make more theoretically sound claims, provide more robust empirical data, and to propose a more formalized argument of the phenomena. Pedagogical implications of the argument are also considered.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2012)
Non-degenerate colorings in the Brook's Theorem
Creators: name: Gravin, Nikolay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Let $c\geq 2$ and $p\geq c$ be two integers. We will call a proper coloring of the graph $G$ a \textit{$(c,p)$-nondegenerate}, if for any vertex of $G$ with degree at least $p$ there are at least $c$ vertices of different colors adjacent to it. In our work we prove the following result, which generalizes Brook's Theorem. Let $D\geq 3$ and $G$ be a graph without cliques on $D+1$ vertices and the degree of any vertex in this graph is not greater than $D$. Then for every integer $c\geq 2$ there is a proper $(c,p)$-nondegenerate vertex $D$-coloring of $G$, where $p=(c^3+8c^2+19c+6)(c+1).$ During the primary proof, some interesting corollaries are derived.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Scaffolding: Defining the Metaphor
Creators: name: Boblett, Nancy
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: Scaffolding embodies much of the activity that goes on in classroom teaching and teacher-learner interaction. As the metaphor of scaffolding has become popularized, it has often been adopted as a general term that is used to describe all types of support and guidance offered in the classroom. Due to its popularization, scaffolding has become difficult to define, and perhaps even unbounded from its theoretical underpinnings (Palincsar, 1988). This paper revisits the concept of scaffolding by (1) introducing its origin and connection to sociocultural theory, (2) reviewing some of the empirical and pedagogical endeavors that expanded the definition over the last forty years, and (3) considering its current application to the language classroom. It concludes with suggestions regarding some directions for future research on the role of scaffolding in the field of second language teaching and learning.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2012)
Emission Lines as a Tool in Search for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries and Recoiling Black Holes
Creators: name: Bogdanovic, Tamara
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Sigurdsson, Steinn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of electromagnetic (EM) counterparts of pre-coalescence binaries has very important implications for our understanding of the evolution of these systems as well as the associated accretion physics. In addition, a combination of EM and gravitational wave signatures observed from coalescing supermassive black hole binaries (SBHBs) would provide independent measurements of redshift and luminosity distance, thus allowing for high precision cosmological measurements. However, a statistically significant sample of these objects is yet to be attained and finding them observationally has proven to be a difficult task. Here we discuss existing observational evidence and how further advancements in the theoretical understanding of observational signatures of SBHBs before and after the coalescence can help in future searches.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, submitted to the New Astronomy Reviews as a part of the SCSLSA-7 proceedings
Readers' Credits for Volume 12, Issue 1
Creators: name: Lew, Adrienne Wai Man
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: Teachers College, Columbia University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics would like to thank the following individuals for reviewing the manuscripts for Volume 12, Issue 1 (2012).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2012)
Creating a three dimensional intrinsic electric dipole on rotated CrI$_3$ bilayers
Creators: name: Poudel, Shiva P.
name: Marmolejo-Tejada, Juan M.
name: Roll, Joseph E.
name: Mosquera, Martín A.
name: Barraza-Lopez, Salvador
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) materials are being explored as a novel multiferroic platform. One of the most studied magnetoelectric multiferroic 2D materials are antiferromagnetically-coupled (AFM) CrI$_3$ bilayers. Neglecting magnetism, those bilayers possess a crystalline point of inversion, which is only removed by the antiparallel spin configuration among its two constituent monolayers. The resultant intrinsic electric dipole on those bilayers has a magnitude no larger than 0.04 pC/m, it points out-of-plane, and it reverts direction when the--Ising-like--cromium spins are flipped (toward opposite layers {\em versus} away from opposite layers). The combined presence of antiferromagnetism and a weak intrinsic electric dipole makes this material a two-dimensional magnetoelectric multiferroic. Here, we remove the crystalline center of inversion of the bilayer by a relative $60^{\circ}$ rotation of its constituent monolayers. This process {\em enhances} the out-of-plane intrinsic electric dipole tenfold with respect to its magnitude in the non-rotated AFM bilayer and also creates an even stronger and switchable in-plane intrinsic electric dipole. The ability to create a three-dimensional electric dipole is important, because it enhances the magnetoelectric coupling on this experimentally accessible 2D material, which is explicitly calculated here as well.
description: Accepted at PRB on May 1, 2023
High-energy pulses and phase-resolved spectra by inverse Compton emission in the pulsar striped wind - Application to Geminga
Creators: name: Petri, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) Although discovered 40 years ago, the emission mechanism responsible for the observed pulsar radiation remains unclear. However, the high-energy pulsed emission is usually explained in the framework of either the polar cap or the outer gap model. The purpose of this work is to study the pulsed component, that is the light-curves as well as the spectra of the high-energy emission, above 10 MeV, emanating from the striped wind model. Gamma rays are produced by scattering off the soft cosmic microwave background photons on the ultrarelativistic leptons flowing in the current sheets. We compute the time-dependent inverse Compton emissivity of the wind, in the Thomson regime, by performing three-dimensional numerical integration in space over the whole striped wind. The phase-dependent spectral variability is then calculated as well as the change in pulse shape when going from the lowest to the highest energies. Several light curves and spectra of inverse Compton radiation with phase resolved dependence are presented. We apply our model to the well-known gamma-ray pulsar Geminga. We are able to fit the EGRET spectra between 10 MeV and 10 GeV as well as the light curve above 100 MeV with good accuracy.
description: Accepted by A&A
An Interview with APPLE Lecture Guest Speaker Professor Leo van Lier
Creators: name: Box, Catherine
name: Akbar, Farah S.
name: Boblett, Nancy
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: On February 10, 2012, the TESOL/AL Web Journal (represented by Catherine Box, Farah Akbar, and Nancy Boblett) had the pleasure of sitting down with Professor Leo van Lier, guest speaker for the 2012 APPLE Lecture Series. He was kind to take the time to answer our questions pertaining to the tremendous breadth and depth of his work: sociocultural theory and ecological approaches to language learning, scaffolding in the classroom, action-based research, and technology-assisted language learning.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2012)
Probing Electron Correlation via Attosecond XUV Pulses in the Two-Photon Double Ionization of Helium
Creators: name: Feist, J.
name: Nagele, S.
name: Pazourek, R.
name: Persson, E.
name: Schneider, B. I.
name: Collins, L. A.
name: Burgdörfer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental developments of high-intensity, short-pulse XUV light sources are enhancing our ability to study electron-electron correlations. We perform time-dependent calculations to investigate the so-called "sequential" regime (photon energy above 54.4 eV) in the two-photon double ionization of helium. We show that attosecond pulses allow to induce and probe angular and energy correlations of the emitted electrons. The final momentum distribution reveals regions dominated by the Wannier ridge break-up scenario and by post-collision interaction.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
On the measurement of the proton-air cross section using air shower data
Creators: name: Ulrich, Ralf
name: Blümer, Johannes
name: Engel, Ralph
name: Schüssler, Fabian
name: Unger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of high-energy air shower data allows one to study the proton-air cross section at energies beyond the reach of fixed target and collider experiments. The mean depth of the first interaction point and its fluctuations are a measure of the proton-air particle production cross section. Since the first interaction point in air cannot be measured directly, various methods have been developed in the past to estimate the depth of the first interaction from air shower observables in combination with simulations. As the simulations depend on assumptions made for hadronic particle production at energies and phase space regions not accessible in accelerator experiments, the derived cross sections are subject to significant systematic uncertainties. The focus of this work is the development of an improved analysis technique that allows a significant reduction of the model dependence of the derived cross section at very high energy. Performing a detailed Monte Carlo study of the potential and the limitations of different measurement methods, we quantify the dependence of the measured cross section on the used hadronic interaction model. Based on these results, a general improvement to the analysis methods is proposed by introducing the actually derived cross section already in the simulation of reference showers. The reduction of the model dependence is demonstrated for one of the measurement methods.
description: Accepted by NJP. To appear in the Focus Issue "High Energy Cosmic Rays"
Black hole spectra from Vaz's quantum gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Corda, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2014, in a famous paper Hawking strongly criticized the firewall paradox by claiming that it violates the equivalence principle and breaks the CPT invariance of quantum gravity. He proposed that the final result of the gravitational collapse should not be an event horizon, but an apparent horizon instead. On the other hand, Hawking did not give a mechanism for how this could work. In the same year, Vaz endorsed Hawking's proposal in a quantum gravitational model of dust collapse by winning the Second Prize in the 2014 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition. He indeed showed that continued collapse to a singularity can only be obtained if one combines two independent and entire solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Vaz's interpretation of the paradox was in terms of simply forbidding such a combination. This leads naturally to matter condensing on the apparent horizon during quantum collapse. In that way, an entirely new framework for black holes (BHs) has emerged. The approach of Vaz was also consistent with Einstein's idea in 1939 of the localization of the collapsing particles within a thin spherical shell. In this work we derive the BH mass and energy spectra via a Schrodinger-like approach, by further supporting Vaz's conclusions that instead of a spacetime singularity covered by an event horizon, the final result of the gravitational collapse is an essentially quantum object, an extremely compact "dark star". This "gravitational atom" is held up not by any degeneracy pressure but by quantum gravity in the same way that ordinary atoms are sustained by quantum mechanics. Finally, by evoking the generalized uncertainty principle, the maximum value of the density of Vaz's shell will be estimated.
description: Final version matching the one published in Fortschritte der Physik - Progress of Physics. Comments are welcome
Understanding Language Testing
Creators: name: Wiseman, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: Understanding Language Testing is a valuable contribution to language teacher education; it addresses the essential facets of language testing needed by language test users, including practitioners, program administrators, and future language test developers, to effectively evaluate and assess the language ability of language learners. The book covers the key considerations in the development and use of language tests today in a succinct yet comprehensive manner.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2012)
Brans wormholes
Creators: name: Nandi, Kamal K.
name: Islam, Anwarul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that three of the four Brans solutions of classes I--IV admit wormhole geometry. Two-way traversable wormholes in the Brans-Dicke theory are allowed not only for the negative values of the coupling parameter w (w
description: Uploaded for the use of researchers
title: Sound Transmission Loss of a Sandwich Plate with Adjustable Core Layer Thickness
Creators: name: Ehrig, Tom
name: Dannemann, Martin
name: Luft, Ron
name: Adams, Christian
name: Modler, Niels
name: Kostka, Pawel
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: Compressible Constrained Layer Damping (CCLD) is a novel, semi-active, lightweightcompatible solution for vibration mitigation based on the well-known constrained layer damping principle. The sandwich-like CCLD set-up consists of a base structure, a constraining plate, and a compressible open-cell foam core in between, enabling the adjustment of the structure’s vibration behaviour by changing the core compression using different actuation pressures. The aim of the contribution is to show to what degree, and in which frequency range the acoustic behaviour can be tuned using CCLD. Therefore, the sound transmission loss (TL), as an important vibro-acoustic index, is determined in an acoustic window test stand at different actuation pressures covering a frequency range from 0.5 to 5 kHz. The different actuation pressures applied cause a variation of the core layer thickness (from 0.9 d₀ to 0.3 d₀), but the resulting changes of the stiffness and damping of the overall structure have no significant influence on the TL up to approximately 1 kHz for the analysed CCLD design. Between 1 kHz and 5 kHz, however, the TL can be influenced considerably well by the actuation pressure applied, due to a damping-dominated behaviour around the critical frequency
Anisotropy of the Stone-Wales Defect and Warping of Graphene Nano-ribbons: A First-principles Analysis
Creators: name: Bhowmick, Somnath
name: Waghmare, Umesh V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stone-Wales (SW) defects, analogous to dislocations in crystals, play an important role in mechanical behavior of $sp^2$-bonded carbon based materials. Here, we show using first-principles calculations that a marked anisotropy in the interaction among the SW defects has interesting consequences when such defects are present near the edges of a graphene nano-ribbon: depending on their orientation with respect to edge, they result in compressive or tensile stress, and the former is responsible to depression or warping of the graphene nano-ribbon. Such warping results in delocalization of electrons in the defect states.
description: 8 pages
Fully-gapped superconductivity with preserved time-reversal symmetry in NiBi$_3$ single crystals
Creators: name: Shang, T.
name: Meng, J.
name: Zhu, X. Y.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Yu, B. C.
name: Zhen, Z. X.
name: Wang, Y. H.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Zhan, Q. F.
name: Gawryluk, D. J.
name: Shiroka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a study of NiBi$_3$ single crystals by means of electrical-resistivity-, magnetization-, and muon-spin rotation and relaxation ($μ$SR) measurements. As a single crystal, NiBi$_3$ adopts a needle-like shape and exhibits bulk superconductivity with $T_c \approx 4.1$ K. By applying magnetic fields parallel and perpendicular to the $b$-axis of NiBi$_3$, we establish that its lower- and upper critical fields, as well as the magnetic penetration depths show slightly different values, suggesting a weakly anisotropic superconductivity. In both cases, the zero-temperature upper critical fields are much smaller than the Pauli-limit value, indicating that the superconducting state is constrained by the orbital pair breaking. The temperature evolution of the superfluid density, obtained from transverse-field $μ$SR, reveals a fully-gapped superconductivity in NiBi$_3$, with a shared superconducting gap $Δ_0$ = 2.1 $k_\mathrm{B}$$T_c$ and magnetic penetration depths $λ_0$ = 223 and 210 nm for $H \parallel b$- and $H \perp b$, respectively. The lack of spontaneous fields below $T_c$ indicates that time-reversal symmetry is preserved in NiBi$_3$. The absence of a fast muon-spin relaxation and/or precession in the zero-field $μ$SR spectra definitely rules out any type of magnetic ordering in NiBi$_3$ single crystals. Overall, our investigation suggests that NiBi$_3$ behaves as a conventional $s$-type superconductor.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. B
Guarded Play: Multi-Tasking in Parent-Child Interactions
Creators: name: Box, Catherine
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: This brief analysis utilizes a CA perspective to deepen our understanding of the ways in which participants in interactions are able to handle more than one activity simultaneously. Many of the studies on multi-tasking address this from a cognitive science perspective, focusing on the brain’s ability to attend to several tasks at once. According to this work, we humans do a less than stellar job at balancing more than one thing at a time. In fact, with each task we add to the mix, our performance suffers that much more. As a social scientist, I find these conclusions enlightening and worthy of further study. As a mother, I chuckle, because even as I write this, my ear is bent to my daughter doing homework and the dinner that is on the stove. Since at the end of the day, every member of my family is fed, cleaned, and accounted for, I proclaim that I do my job successfully. Thus, I agree wholeheartedly with the argument (Good, 2009) that by looking at the social action of multi-tasking as it happens in real time, we might complicate the notion that it is something that humans cannot do well.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2012)
HiPool: Modeling Long Documents Using Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Li, Irene
name: Feng, Aosong
name: Radev, Dragomir
name: Ying, Rex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Encoding long sequences in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a challenging problem. Though recent pretraining language models achieve satisfying performances in many NLP tasks, they are still restricted by a pre-defined maximum length, making them challenging to be extended to longer sequences. So some recent works utilize hierarchies to model long sequences. However, most of them apply sequential models for upper hierarchies, suffering from long dependency issues. In this paper, we alleviate these issues through a graph-based method. We first chunk the sequence with a fixed length to model the sentence-level information. We then leverage graphs to model intra- and cross-sentence correlations with a new attention mechanism. Additionally, due to limited standard benchmarks for long document classification (LDC), we propose a new challenging benchmark, totaling six datasets with up to 53k samples and 4034 average tokens' length. Evaluation shows our model surpasses competitive baselines by 2.6% in F1 score, and 4.8% on the longest sequence dataset. Our method is shown to outperform hierarchical sequential models with better performance and scalability, especially for longer sequences.
Ferromagnetic properties of p-(Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells: Interpretation of magneto-optical measurements by Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Lipinska, A.
name: Simserides, C.
name: Trohidou, K. N.
name: Goryca, M.
name: Kossacki, P.
name: Majhofer, A.
name: Dietl, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to single out dominant phenomena that account for carrier-controlled magnetism in p-(Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells we have carried out magneto-optical measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of time dependent magnetization. The experimental results show that magnetization relaxation is faster than 20 ns in the paramagnetic state. Decreasing temperature below the Curie temperature Tc results in an increase of the relaxation time but to less than 10 micro seconds. This fast relaxation may explain why the spontaneous spin splitting of electronic states is not accompanied by the presence of non-zero macroscopic magnetization below Tc. Our Monte Carlo results reproduce the relative change of the relaxation time on decreasing temperature. At the same time, the numerical calculations demonstrate that antiferromagnetic spin-spin interactions, which compete with the hole-mediated long-range ferromagnetic coupling, play an important role in magnetization relaxation of the system. We find, in particular, that magnetization dynamics is largely accelerated by the presence of antiferromagnetic couplings to the Mn spins located outside the region, where the holes reside. This suggests that macroscopic spontaneous magnetization should be observable if the thickness of the layer containing localized spins will be smaller than the extension of the hole wave function. Furthermore, we study how a spin-independent part of the Mn potential affects Tc. Our findings show that the alloy disorder potential tends to reduce Tc, the effect being particularly strong for the attractive potential that leads to hole localization.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures
The association between cardiovascular risk factors and progressive hippocampus volume loss in persons with Alzheimer's disease
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Background—We performed the current study to test the hypothesis that the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was associated with a higher rate of volume loss in the hippocampus and progression of cognitive deficits. Methods—A total of 103 persons with AD were included (65 men and 38 women, average age of 74.5 ± 0.8 years). All participants underwent 1.5 T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), at specified intervals (6 or 12 months) for 2–3 years. We determined the rates of hippocampus, whole brain, ventricle, middle temporal lobe, fusiform, and entorhinal volume loss (in cubic millimeter/year) for all patients with AD, separately for 0–6 months, 6–12 months and 0–12, 12–18 and 18–24 months scan intervals. Results—There were significant differences in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (p = 0.001) and Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) (p = 0.01) scale scores between persons with and without hypertension and in MMSE (p = 0.04) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) (p = 0.008) scale scores between persons with and without hyperlipidemia. There were no significant differences in MMSE, ADAS, and CDR scales scores between persons with and without diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking. There were no significant differences in regional brain volume loss in those with or without cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions—Cardiovascular risk factors have a significant influence on the progression of cognitive deficits in patients with AD. The progression of cognitive deficits in patients with AD is not mediated by progressive hippocampal volume loss.
Classifying space for commutativity and unordered flag manifolds
Creators: name: Jana, Santanil
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the computation of the cohomology of the total space of the principal U(3)-bundle of the classifying space for commutativity for U(3). The second part delves into examining the stable and unstable cohomology rings of the unordered flag manifolds. Classifying space for commutativity in U(3). The total space of the principal G-bundle associated with the classifying space for commutativity BcomG is denoted by EcomG. In Chapter 2, we describe EcomU(3) as a homotopy colimit of a diagram of spaces and detail a method of computation of the mod p cohomology of EcomU(3) by utilizing the spectral sequence associated with a homotopy colimit. In order to perform this computation, it is important to determine the cohomology of various spaces that are present in the homotopy colimit diagram. We present some of these computations, which are fascinating on their own, and delve into intriguing topics that we explore further in Chapters 3 and 4. We also present the ring structure of the rational cohomology of EcomU(3). Cohomology of the unordered flag manifolds. Unordered flag manifolds are the orbit spaces of the natural action of the symmetric group on the complete flag manifolds. The complex unordered flag manifold of order n can be defined as the total space of a fiber sequence, wherein the base is the extended power of U(1), and the fiber is U(n). In Chapter 3, we establish the Hopf ring structure of the cohomology of extended power of a space. Utilizing this description, we prove the homological stability of the complex unordered flag manifolds and describe their stable cohomology. In Chapter 4, we demonstrate a pullback formula and present an algorithmic approach to computing the unstable cohomology of the unordered flag manifolds using spectral sequences. We also detail a few low-dimensional cohomology computations with mod 2 coefficients and offer an infinite family of examples, namely the mod p cohomology of the unordered flag manifolds of order p.
Responsible sourcing and the (in)visibilization of Congo's artisanal cobalt miners in the age of the green energy transition
Creators: name: Deberdt, Raphael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation provides an ethnographic exploration of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) through the lives of artisanal miners who operate in the Lualaba and Haut-Katanga provinces. The extraction of cobalt is at the fore of the transition away from fossil fuels. Key to battery manufacturing, the DRC provides 70 percent of the world’s cobalt; 20 percent of which originates from the labor of artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM). My research explores the implementation of localized responsible artisanal sourcing projects inscribed in extractive practices defined by (post)colonial structures and implemented in the geopolitically strategic green transition. Through multi-sited fieldwork, with online and in-person interviews, participant observation, and archival work, conducted between 2019 and 2023, I address the following questions: (1) How do these criminalizing and Othering practices impact the ways in which individual miners conceive of their individual and collective identities? (2) How does the responsible minerals industry both integrate and reject the artisanal production and the workers involved in this production? (3) How do these exclusionary responses by the corporate expand our understanding of what it means to be an artisanal miner inscribed in the global rush for minerals? The data I gathered reveals a multi-faceted industry. My main findings highlight that (1) artisanal miners are concomitantly visibilized and invizibilized. This practice is achieved through (2) the use of technocratic auditing tools that both question the legitimacy of ASM and justify new mining frontiers. Finally, (3) the geopolitical ramifications of the strategic nature of cobalt are a recentering of Congo and its constitutive provinces in global supply chains fueling the green transition. This dissertation informs future directions for research on the extraction of cobalt in the DRC and, more broadly, on the climate extractivism forced upon many areas of the Global South by the green transition.
Using CA to Find Out How a Child with High Functioning Autism Responds to Questions in Different Settings
Creators: name: McCormack, Maria
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: Anecdotal reports on the discourse of children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) often claim that failure to respond to questions is a key characteristic. However, Kremer-Sadlik (2004) found that HFA children respond 85% of the time to questions, and that 75% of the time their responses are also communicatively “adequate,” meaning that they address the pragmatic intent behind the question as well as its surface form. Using Conversation Analysis (CA) as one of her methodologies, Kremer-Sadlik explained this surprisingly high number by showing that in her data, which consisted of audio/videotaped family interactions, family members extensively scaffolded the children’s responses, teaching and coaching them in appropriate response patterns with every interaction. Thus, in Kremer-Sadlik’s study, CA complements quantitative methods in describing language and interaction patterns of impaired individuals that run counter to popular belief. These results prompted me to ask whether response behavior of HFA children would be similar in non-family settings.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2012)
Asteroseismology of chemically peculiar stars
Creators: name: Kochukhov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsational variability is observed in several types of main sequence stars with anomalous chemical abundances. In this contribution I summarize the relationship between pulsations and chemical peculiarities, giving special emphasis to rapid oscillations in magnetic Ap stars. These magneto-acoustic pulsators provide unique opportunities to study the interaction of pulsations, chemical inhomogeneities, and strong magnetic fields. Time-series monitoring of rapidly oscillating Ap stars using high-resolution spectrometers at large telescopes and ultra-precise space photometry has led to a number of important breakthroughs in our understanding of these interesting objects. Interpretation of the roAp frequency spectra has allowed constraining fundamental stellar parameters and probing poorly known properties of the stellar interiors. At the same time, investigation of the pulsational wave propagation in chemically stratified atmospheres of roAp stars has been used as a novel asteroseismic tool to study pulsations as a function of atmospheric height and to map in detail the horizontal structure of the magnetically-distorted p-modes.
description: Invited review presented at JENAM 2008 Symposium No.4 "Asteroseismology and stellar evolution", eds. S. Schuh and G. Handler., Communications in Asteroseismology, 159, in press; text corrected following suggestions by the referee
Creating materials with a desired refraction coefficient
Creators: name: Ramm, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78A45, 78A40

description: A method is given for creating material with a desired refraction coefficient. The method consists of embedding into a material with known refraction coefficient many small particles of size $a$. The number of particles per unit volume around any point is prescribed, the distance between neighboring particles is $O(a^{\frac{2-κ}{3}})$ as $a\to 0$, $0
In vitro reconstitution of chromatin domains shows a role for nucleosome positioning in 3D genome organization
Creators: name: Oberbeckmann, Elisa
name: Quililan, Kimberly
name: Cramer, Patrick
name: Oudelaar, Aukje Marieke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Eukaryotic genomes are organized into chromatin domains. The molecular mechanisms driving the formation of these domains are difficult to dissect in vivo and remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstitute S. cerevisiae chromatin in vitro and determine its 3D organization at sub-nucleosome resolution by MNase-based chromosome conformation capture and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that regularly spaced and phased nucleosome arrays form chromatin domains in vitro resembling domains in vivo. This demonstrates that neither loop extrusion nor transcription are required for basic domain formation in yeast. In addition, we find that the boundaries of reconstituted domains correspond to nucleosome-free regions and that insulation strength scales with their width. Finally, we show that domain compaction depends on nucleosome linker length, with longer linkers forming more compact structures. Together, our results demonstrate that regular nucleosome positioning is important for the formation of chromatin domains and provide a proof-of-principle for bottom-up 3D genome studies.
 
Analysis of Data
Generation of valid pairs file use the scripts of an existing pipeline "Micro-Capture-C (MCC)" that is available for download at Oxford University Innovation Software Store. Further information of the pipeline is available at  http://www.jdavieslab.com/Code.html. The configuration file is uploaded here as MCC_analysis.txt
The valid pairs file is converted into cooler format. The script can be found in:

Convert_to_Cool.ipynb
Visualisation of coolers are done with cooltools. The scripts for these can be found in:

Plot_Matrices.ipynb
Boundary_Strength.ipynb
SAMD simulation was performed as described in Ohno et al (2021). Software is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13176101.v1 and is uploaded here as:

HiCO_SAMD_Programs.zip
HiCO SA-MD tutorial.pdf
title: Thermal Action on Normal and High Strength Cement Mortars
Creators: name: Ripani, Marianela
name: Xargay, Hernán
name: Iriarte, Ignacio
name: Bernardo, Kevin
name: Caggiano, Antonio
name: Folino, Paula
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: High temperature effect on cement-based composites, such as concrete or mortars, represents one of the most important damaging process that may drastically affect the mechanical and durability characteristics of structures. In this paper, the results of an experimental campaign on cement mortars submitted to high temperatures are reported and discussed. Particularly, two mixtures (i.e., Normal (MNS) and High Strength Mortar (MHS)) having different water-to-binder ratios were designed and evaluated in order to investigate the incidence of both the mortar composition and the effects of thermal treatments on their physical and mechanical properties. Mortar specimens were thermally treated in an electrical furnace, being submitted to the action of temperatures ranging from 100 to 600 °C. After that and for each mortar quality and considered temperature, including the room temperature case of 20 °C, water absorption was measured by following a capillary water absorption test. Furthermore, uniaxial compression, splitting tensile and three-points bending tests were performed under residual conditions. A comparative analysis of the progressive damage caused by temperature on physical and mechanical properties of the considered mortars types is presented. On one hand, increasing temperatures produced increasing water absorption coefficients, evidencing the effect of thermal damages which may cause an increase in the mortars accessible porosity. However, under these circumstances, the internal porosity structure of lower w/b ratio mixtures results much more thermally-damaged than those of MNS. On the other hand, strengths suffered a progressive degradation due to temperature rises. While at low to medium temperatures, strength loss resulted similar for both mortar types, at higher temperature, MNS presented a relatively greater strength loss than that of MHS. The action of temperature also caused in all cases a decrease of Young’s Modulus and an increase in the strain corresponding to peak load. However, MHS showed a much more brittle behavior in comparison with that of MNS, for all temperature cases. Finally, the obtained results demonstrated that mortar quality cannot be neglected when the action of temperature is considered, being the final material performance dependent on the physical properties which, in turn, mainly depend on the mixture proportioning.
Negotiating Participant Status in Participation Frameworks
Creators: name: Boblett, Nancy
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2012

description: It is not always easy to find your place within a conversation. In this brief piece, I suggest that participant status (i.e., speaker and hearer roles) within a participation framework, is not always agreed upon by all members, but can be asserted, resisted, and otherwise negotiated. In an effort to address this, I will present an excerpt taken from videotaped recordings of naturally-occurring talk among three colleagues. The line-by-line analysis used in Conversation Analysis (CA) will allow a more nuanced look into what happens when a participant self-selects as speaker, and tries to either maintain or move into a central position in the participation framework. In addition to a line-by-line reading of interaction, CA allows us not only to highlight intonation and loudness of speech, but also to focus on pauses within a turn and gaps between turns. This helps clarify the various strategies that hearers may use to resist or block a move by a speaker.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2012)
The Cauchy problem for the 3-D Vlasov-Poisson system with point charges
Creators: name: Marchioro, Carlo
name: Miot, Evelyne
name: Pulvirenti, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q83; 35A01; 35A02; 65M25

description: In this paper we establish global existence and uniqueness of the solution to the three-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson system in presence of point charges in case of repulsive interaction. The present analysis extends an analogeous two-dimensional result by Caprino and Marchioro [On the plasma-charge model, to appear in Kinetic and Related Models (2010)].
description: 28 pages