cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Robust Transformer Neural Network for Computer Vision Applications
Creators: name: Bin Karim, Fazlur Rahman
name: Dera, Dimah
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: high performance computing

description: The remarkable success of the Transformer model in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is increasingly capturing the attention of vision researchers in contemporary times. The Vision Transformer (ViT) model effectively models long-range dependencies while utilizing a self-attention mechanism by converting image information into meaningful representations. Moreover, the parallelism property of ViT ensures better scalability and model generalization compared to Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). However, developing robust ViT models for high-risk vision applications, such as self-driving cars, is critical. Deterministic ViT models are susceptible to noise and adversarial attacks and incapable of yielding a level of confidence in output predictions. Quantifying the confidence (or uncertainty) level in the decision is highly important in such real-world applications. In this work, we introduce a probabilistic framework for ViT to quantify the level of uncertainty in the model's decision. We approximate the posterior distribution of network parameters using variational inference. While progressing through non-linear layers, the first-order Taylor approximation was deployed. The developed framework propagates the mean and covariance of the posterior distribution through layers of the probabilistic ViT model and quantifies uncertainty at the output predictions. Quantifying uncertainty aids in providing warning signals to real-world applications in case of noisy situations. Experimental results from extensive simulation conducted on numerous benchmark datasets (e.g., MNIST and Fashion-MNIST) for image classification tasks exhibit 1) higher accuracy of proposed probabilistic ViT under noise or adversarial attacks compared to the deterministic ViT. 2) Self- evaluation through uncertainty becomes notably pronounced as noise levels escalate. Simulations were conducted at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) on the Lonestar6 supercomputer node. With the help of this vital resource, we completed all the experiments within a reasonable period.
Modeling Gas, Hydrates, and Slope Stability on the U.S. Atlantic Margin during Pleistocene Glaciations
Creators: name: Carty, Olin
name: Daigle, Hugh
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: high performance computing

description: Dissociation of methane hydrates in shallow marine sediments due to increasing global temperatures can lead to the venting of methane gas or seafloor destabilization. Along the U.S. Atlantic margin there is a well-documented history of slope failure and numerous gas seeps have been recorded. Several studies have linked slope failure to gas seepage and hydrate dissociation driven by glacial-interglacial transitions, but this linkage has not been quantitatively demonstrated. Along the shelf edge, in an area where shallow methane gas seeps have been identified, we modeled methane gas and hydrate formation over the last 120,000 to simulate a glacial-interglacial cycle. The development of hydrate and gas during this time was modeled using the PFLOTRAN software from Sandia National Laboratories, a parallel subsurface flow code. At 100-year intervals during this simulation, we calculated the factor of safety throughout the modeled sediment column. Factor of safety compares the shearing and resisting stresses of a slope and can be used to determine if sediment failure is likely to occur in an area. Modeling seafloor depths between 200-1000 m we predicted gas and hydrate development and calculated the associated factor of safety over time to determine if sediment failure was likely to be caused by hydrate dissociation. Parallelizing this code, we used Lonestar6 to run the one-dimensional fluid flow model and factor of safety model at 16044 individual locations in the region between 29°N – 45°N and 82°W – 66°W at a resolution of 1 x 1 arcminutes. We found that hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to cause sediment failure in the region, implying that an additional driving force would be necessary for failure to occur. In addition, we see a shift down slope of when the minimum factor of safety is likely to occur and the depth below seafloor at which this minimum occurs.
Ein System zur Überwachung der Datenqualität des ZEUS-Experiments
Creators: name: Stange, Thomas
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: thesis
ZEUS
data acquisition

description: Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1994; 71 pp. (1994). = Universität Hamburg, Diplomarbeit, 1994
Gene amplifications cause high-level resistance against albicidin in gram-negative bacteria
Creators: name: Saathoff, Mareike
name: Kosol, Simone
name: Tedin, Karsten
name: Dimos, Nicole
name: Kupke, Johannes
name: Ghazisaeedi, Fereshteh
name: Condor Jonske, Micela
name: Kuropka, Benno
name: Loll, Bernhard
name: Fulde, Marcus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Salmonella typhimurium
subject: Escherichia coli
subject: Crystal structure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Antibiotic resistance is a continuously increasing concern for public healthcare. Understanding resistance mechanisms and their emergence is crucial for the development of new antibiotics and their effective use. The peptide antibiotic albicidin is such a promising candidate that, as a gyrase poison, shows bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report the discovery of a gene amplification–based mechanism that imparts an up to 1000-fold increase in resistance levels against albicidin. RNA sequencing and proteomics data show that this novel mechanism protects Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli by increasing the copy number of STM3175 (YgiV), a transcription regulator with a GyrI-like small molecule binding domain that traps albicidin with high affinity. X-ray crystallography and molecular docking reveal a new conserved motif in the binding groove of the GyrI-like domain that can interact with aromatic building blocks of albicidin. Phylogenetic studies suggest that this resistance mechanism is ubiquitous in gram-negative bacteria, and our experiments confirm that STM3175 homologs can confer resistance in pathogens such as Vibrio vulnificus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Magnetic catalysis in nuclear matter
Creators: name: Haber, Alexander
name: Preis, Florian
name: Schmitt, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A strong magnetic field enhances the chiral condensate at low temperatures. This so-called magnetic catalysis thus seeks to increase the vacuum mass of nucleons. We employ two relativistic field-theoretical models for nuclear matter, the Walecka model and an extended linear sigma model, to discuss the resulting effect on the transition between vacuum and nuclear matter at zero temperature. In both models we find that the creation of nuclear matter in a sufficiently strong magnetic field becomes energetically more costly due to the heaviness of magnetized nucleons, even though it is also found that nuclear matter is more strongly bound in a magnetic field. Our results are potentially important for dense nuclear matter in compact stars, especially since previous studies in the astrophysical context have always ignored the contribution of the magnetized Dirac sea and thus the effect of magnetic catalysis.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, v3: version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Two-level Quantum Walkers on Directed Graphs I: Universal Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Asaka, Ryo
name: Sakai, Kazumitsu
name: Yahagi, Ryoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, the first in a series of two, we propose a model of universal quantum computation using a fermionic/bosonic multi-particle continuous-time quantum walk with two internal states (e.g., the spin-up and down states of an electron). A dual-rail encoding is adopted to convert information: a single-qubit is represented by the presence of a single quantum walker in either of the two parallel paths. We develop a roundabout gate that moves a walker from one path to the next, either clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on its internal state. It can be realized by a single-particle scattering on a directed weighted graph with the edge weights $1$ and $\pm i$. The roundabout gate also allows the spatial information of the quantum walker to be temporarily encoded in its internal states. The universal gates are constructed by appropriately combining several roundabout gates, some unitary gates that act on the internal states and two-particle scatterings on straight paths. Any ancilla qubit is not required in our model. The computation is done by just passing quantum walkers through properly designed paths. Namely, there is no need for any time-dependent control. A physical implementation of quantum random access memory compatible with the present model will be considered in the second paper (arXiv:2204.08709).
description: 26 pages; ver. 3: improved presentation, expanded discussion, fixed typos. This is the first paper in a series of two. The second paper is arXiv:2204.08709
Removing the Faddeev-Popov zero modes from Yang-Mills theory in spacetimes with compact spatial sections
Creators: name: Gibbons, Jos
name: Higuchi, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that in de Sitter space the (free) minimally coupled massless scalar field theory does not admit any de Sitter-invariant Hadamard state. Related to this is the fact that the propagator for the massive scalar field corresponding to the de Sitter-invariant vacuum state diverges in the massless limit, with the infrared-divergent term being a constant. Since the Faddeev-Popov ghosts for the covariantly quantized Yang-Mills theory are minimally coupled massless scalar fields, it might appear that de Sitter symmetry would be broken in the ghost sector of Yang-Mills theory in de Sitter space. It is shown in this paper that the modes responsible for de Sitter symmetry breaking can be removed in a way consistent with BRST invariance and that a de Sitter-invariant theory can be constructed. More generally, it is shown that the spatially constant modes (the zero modes) of the Faddeev-Popov ghosts can be disposed of in a wide class of spacetimes with compact spatial sections. Then, the effective theory obtained by removing the zero modes, which contains a non-local interaction term, is shown to be equivalent to the theory corresponding to using a Faddeev-Popov-ghost propagator with the constant infrared-divergent term removed, provided that one can freely integrate by parts in the spacetime integral at the vertex for the ghost interaction term.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Compressible Boundary Layer Velocity Transformation Based on a Generalized Form of the Total Stress
Creators: name: Lee, Han
name: Martin, Pino
name: Williams, Owen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.1; F.2; I.6; J.2
subject: F.1.3

description: The effects of density and viscosity fluctuations on the total stress balance are identified and used to create a new mean velocity transformation for compressible boundary layers. This work is enabled by an extensive database of direct numerical simulations that incorporate wall-cooling, semi-local Reynolds numbers ranging from 800 to 34000, and Mach numbers up to 12. The role, significance and physical mechanisms connecting density and viscosity fluctuations to the momentum balance and to the viscous, turbulent and total stresses are presented,allowing the creation of generalized formulations. We identify the significant properties that thus-far have been neglected in the derivation of velocity transformations: (1) the Machinvariance of the near-wall momentum balance for the generalized total stress, and (2) the Mach-invariance of the relative contributions from the generalized viscous and Reynolds stresses to the total stress. The proposed velocity transformation integrates both properties into a single transformation equation and successfully demonstrates a collapsing of all currently considered compressible cases onto the incompressible law of the wall, within the bounds of reported slope and intercept for incompressible data. Based on the physics embedded in the two scaling properties, the success of the newly proposed transformation is attributed to considering the effects of the viscous stress and turbulent stresses as well as mean and fluctuating density viscosity in a single transformation form.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, Under consideration for Physical Review Fluids
Sharper Fermi LAT Images: instrument response functions for an improved event selection
Creators: name: Portillo, Stephen K. N.
name: Finkbeiner, Douglas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has a point spread function with large tails, consisting of events affected by tracker ineffiencies, inactive volumes, and hard scattering; these tails can make source confusion a limiting factor. The parameter CTBCORE, available in the publicly available Extended Fermi LAT data, estimates the quality of each event's direction reconstruction; by implementing a cut in this parameter, the tails of the point spread function can be suppressed at the cost of losing effective area. We implement cuts on CTBCORE and present updated instrument response functions derived from the Fermi LAT data itself, along with all-sky maps generated with these cuts. Having shown the effectiveness of these cuts, especially at low energies, we encourage their use in analyses where angular resolution is more important than Poisson noise.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures; extended PSF analysis down to 100 MeV, typos corrected; to be published in The Astrophysical Journal
Test Participation or Test Performance: Why Do Men Benefit from Test-Based Admission to Higher Education?
Creators: name: Finger, Claudia
name: Solga, Heike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: gender inequality
subject: higher education
subject: admission tests
subject: test participation
subject: test performance
subject: prestigious fields of study
subject: medical schools
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: This study illuminates the male advantage in test-based admissions to higher education. In contrast to many other countries, admission tests in Germany are optional, and test-free programs are available. This context offers a unique opportunity to investigate whether the male advantage in test-based admissions is caused by gender differences in test performance or in test participation. We use novel register data for the whole population of 300,000 applicants to highly selective and prestigious medical programs in Germany. We find that men perform better in tests and that female applicants are more likely to withdraw from admission tests. Both differences, however, depend on high school grade point average (GPA): The male advantage in test performance emerges only among test-takers with a lower GPA, and female applicants’ stronger test avoidance appears only among women with a medium GPA. Ultimately, both mechanisms contribute to a male advantage in test-based admissions (ceteris paribus of GPA), with better test performance being the major source for male applicants’ higher admission chances. As a consequence, we find the female advantage in school performance and the male advantage in test-based admissions almost neutralize each other.
Central exclusive diffractive production of two-pions from continuum and decays of resonances in the Regge-eikonal model
Creators: name: Ryutin, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations of central exclusive diffractive production (CEDP) of two pions via continuum and resonance mechanism are presented in the Regge-eikonal approach. Data from STAR, ISR, CDF and CMS were analysed and compared with theoretical description. Preliminary extraction of $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$ and $f_2(1270)$ couplings to Pomeron, and also $ρ$ meson contribution from photoproduction mechanism to the CEDP cross-section are considered. We show possible nuances and problems of calculations and prospects of investigations at present and future hadron colliders.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1910.06683. All the figures with datasets are changed due to more exact calculations. Some minor changes in the text, which describes the figures (ISR, CDF) and in conclusions. Corrected typos in Fig. 9 (nb/GeV is changed to mub/GeV)
Retrospective multicentre evaluation of common calcaneal tendon injuries in 66 cats. Part 1: study population, injury specification and classification
Creators: name: Häußler, Thomas C.
name: Kornmayer, Matthias
name: Scheich, Miriam
name: Fischer, Andreas
name: Feichtenschlager, Christian J.
name: Rohwedder, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Common calcaneal tendon
subject: Achilles tendon
subject: tendinopathy
subject: rupture
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Objectives The objective of the first part of this retrospective multicentre study was to identify and classify common calcaneal tendon (CCT) injuries in a study population of 66 cats. Methods The medical records of five different small animal referral centres and veterinary teaching hospitals between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. In addition to patient-specific data, CCT injuries were characterised in detail. Diagnostic modalities and further comorbidities were recorded. Results Sixty-six cats met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the cats was 7.5 years (range 0.5–16.3) and their mean body weight (BW) was 4.6 kg (range 1.5–9.0). Thirty-four spayed females (51.5%), five intact females (7.6%) and 27 castrated males (40.9%) were included. Most cases involved closed injuries of the CCT (69.7%). Twenty-one of 46 cats had closed atraumatic injuries (45.7%). Open injuries (30.3%) were most commonly lacerations (65%). Twenty-one injuries were classified as atraumatic (31.8%), whereas 25 were traumatic (37.9%). With every year of age, the odds of having an atraumatic injury increased by a factor of 1.021. Cats with atraumatic injuries had a higher mean BW than cats with traumatic injuries, but the difference was not statistically significant. Acute injuries were recorded in 40.9% of cases, whereas 51.5% of cats had a subacute CCT injury and 7.6% had chronic lesions. Most acute lesions were Meutstege type I injuries (55.6%). Subacute and chronic lesions were more commonly Meutstege type IIc injuries (58.8% and 60%, respectively). Considering all CCT injuries, a Meutstege type IIc injury was most common (53%). Conclusions and relevance The most common type of injury was Meutstege type IIc. Cats with atraumatic injuries had a higher mean BW than cats with traumatic injuries, but the difference was not statistically significant. Older cats more commonly presented with atraumatic CCT injuries.
Breaking of valley degeneracy by magnetic field in monolayer MoSe2
Creators: name: MacNeill, David
name: Heikes, Colin
name: Mak, Kin Fai
name: Anderson, Zachary
name: Kormányos, Andor
name: Zólyomi, Viktor
name: Park, Jiwoong
name: Ralph, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, we investigate valley degeneracy breaking by out-of-plane magnetic field in back-gated monolayer MoSe$_2$ devices. We observe a linear splitting of $-0.22 \frac{\text{meV}}{\text{T}}$ between luminescence peak energies in $σ_{+}$ and $σ_{-}$ emission for both neutral and charged excitons. The optical selection rules of monolayer MoSe$_2$ couple photon handedness to the exciton valley degree of freedom, so this splitting demonstrates valley degeneracy breaking. In addition, we find that the luminescence handedness can be controlled with magnetic field, to a degree that depends on the back-gate voltage. An applied magnetic field therefore provides effective strategies for control over the valley degree of freedom.
description: expanded discussion section, corrected typo in eq. 1
Agglutinated foraminifera from the Turonian–Coniacian boundary interval in Europe – paleoenvironmental remarks and stratigraphy
Creators: name: Besen, Richard M.
name: Schindler, Kathleen
name: Gale, Andrew S.
name: Struck, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Agglutinated foraminifera
subject: Turonian–Coniacian boundary interval
subject: paleoenvironmental remarks
subject: stratigraphy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Turonian–Coniacian from the GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) of Salzgitter–Salder (Subhercynian Cretaceous Basin, Germany) and other sections, including Bielefeld–Ostwestfalendamm (Münsterland Cretaceous Basin, Germany) and the Dover–Langdon Stairs (Anglo-Paris Basin, England), from the temperate European shelf realm were studied in order to collect additional stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental information. Stable carbon isotopes were measured for the Bielefeld–Ostwestfalendamm section to establish a reliable stratigraphic correlation with other sections. Highly diverse agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages were obtained from sections in the German basins, whereas the fauna from Dover is less rich in taxa and less abundant. In the German basinal sections, a morphogroup analysis of agglutinated foraminifera and the calculated diversities imply normal marine settings and oligotrophic to mesotrophic bottom-water conditions. Furthermore, acmes of agglutinated foraminifera correlate between different sections and can be used for paleoenvironmental analysis. Three acmes of the species Ammolagena contorta are recorded for the Turonian–Coniacian (perplexus to lower striatoconcentricus zones, lower scupini Zone, and hannovrensis Zone) and likely imply a shift to more oligotrophic bottom-water conditions. In the upper scupini Zone below the Turonian–Coniacian boundary, an acme of Bulbobaculites problematicus likely indicates enhanced nutrient availability. In general, agglutinated foraminiferal morphogroups display a gradual shift from Turonian oligotrophic environments towards more mesotrophic conditions in the latest Turonian and Coniacian.
Stopping the Spread: How Blame Attributions Drive Customer-to-Customer Misbehavior Contagion and What Frontline Employees Can Do to Curb It
Creators: name: Danatzis, Ilias
name: Möller-Herm, Jana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: customer misbehavior
subject: frontline employees
subject: blame attributions
subject: employee interventions
subject: COVID-19 pandemic
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Service encounters nowadays are increasingly characterized by customer-to-customer (C2C) interactions where customers regularly become targets of other customers’ misbehavior. Although previous research provides initial evidence of the contagiousness of such C2C misbehavior, it remains unclear whether, how, and why C2C misbehavior spreads when frontline employees (FLEs) are involved and what FLEs can do to curb it. Two online and one field experiment in the context of co-working and transportation services reveal that FLE-directed blame attributions drive the spread of C2C misbehavior while perpetrator-directed blame attributions reverse it. These blame attributions are greater the more severely customers judge other customers’ misbehavior. Findings further rule out alternative contagion mechanisms (social norms and emotional contagion) and show that contagion spills over to C2C misbehavior unrelated to the initial transgression. By specifying how contagion unfolds and by explicating the central role blame attributions play in C2C misbehavior contagion, this research uncovers its social dynamics, thus extending existing theory on customer misbehavior and attribution theory in multi-actor settings. Managerially, this research provides FLEs with explicit guidance on what they should do (personalized FLE interventions delivered either in person or remotely) and avoid doing (disapproving looks, FLE service recovery) when faced with C2C misbehavior.
Khintchine-type recurrence for 3-point configurations
Creators: name: Ackelsberg, Ethan
name: Bergelson, Vitaly
name: Shalom, Or
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The goal of this paper is to generalize, refine, and improve results on large intersections. We show that if $G$ is a countable abelian group and $φ, ψ: G \to G$ are homomorphisms such that at least two of the three subgroups $φ(G)$, $ψ(G)$, and $(ψ-φ)(G)$ have finite index in $G$, then $\{φ, ψ\}$ has the \emph{large intersections property}. That is, for any ergodic measure preserving system $X=(X,\mathcal{X},μ,(T_g)_{g\in G})$, any $A\in\mathcal{X}$, and any $\varepsilon>0$, the set $$\{g\in G : μ(A\cap T_{φ(g)}^{-1} A\cap T_{ψ(g)}^{-1}A)>μ(A)^3-\varepsilon\}$$ is syndetic. Moreover, in the special case where $φ(g)=ag$ and $ψ(g)=bg$ for $a,b\in\mathbb{Z}$, we show that we only need one of the groups $aG$, $bG$, or $(b-a)G$ to be of finite index in $G$, and we show that the property fails in general if all three groups are of infinite index. One particularly interesting case is where $G=(\mathbb{Q}_{>0},\cdot)$ and $φ(g)=g$, $ψ(g)=g^2$, which leads to a multiplicative version for the large intersection result of Bergelson-Host-Kra. We also completely characterize the pairs of homomorphisms $φ,ψ$ that have the large intersections property when $G=\mathbb{Z}^2$. The proofs of our main results rely on analysis of the structure of the \emph{universal characteristic factor} for the multiple ergodic averages $$\frac{1}{|Φ_N|} \sum_{g\in Φ_N}T_{φ(g)}f_1\cdot T_{ψ(g)} f_2.$$ In the case where $G$ is finitely-generated, the characteristic factor for such averages is the \emph{Kronecker factor}. In this paper, we study actions of groups that are not necessarily finitely-generated, showing in particular that by passing to an extension of $X$, one can describe the characteristic factor in terms of the \emph{Conze--Lesigne factor} and the $σ$-algebras of $φ(G)$ and $ψ(G)$ invariant functions.
description: 69 pages, 1 figure
Does Your Smartphone “Know” Your Social Life? A Methodological Comparison of Day Reconstruction, Experience Sampling, and Mobile Sensing
Creators: name: Roos, Yannick
name: Krämer, Michael D.
name: Richter, David
name: Schoedel, Ramona
name: Wrzus, Cornelia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: app data collection
subject: measurement quality
subject: passive measurements
subject: mobile sensing
subject: social interaction
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Mobile sensing is a promising method that allows researchers to directly observe human social behavior in daily life using people’s mobile phones. To date, limited knowledge exists on how well mobile sensing can assess the quantity and quality of social interactions. We therefore examined the agreement among experience sampling, day reconstruction, and mobile sensing in the assessment of multiple aspects of daily social interactions (i.e., face-to-face interactions, calls, and text messages) and the possible unique access to social interactions that each method has. Over 2 days, 320 smartphone users (51% female, age range = 18–80, M = 39.53 years) answered up to 20 experience-sampling questionnaires about their social behavior and reconstructed their days in a daily diary. Meanwhile, face-to-face and smartphone-mediated social interactions were assessed with mobile sensing. The results showed some agreement between measurements of face-to-face interactions and high agreement between measurements of smartphone-mediated interactions. Still, a large number of social interactions were captured by only one of the methods, and the quality of social interactions is still difficult to capture with mobile sensing. We discuss limitations and the unique benefits of day reconstruction, experience sampling, and mobile sensing for assessing social behavior in daily life.
Searching for wormholes with gravitational wave scattering
Creators: name: Bao, Shou-shan
name: Hou, Shaoqi
name: Zhang, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wormholes bridging distant places of the universe are well-known solutions of general relativity. In particular, traversable wormholes which allow interstellar traveling are also popular in science fiction. However, no hint of their existence has been found yet. In this work, we propose using the gravitational wave (GW) scattering off spherical wormholes to search for their existence. We carefully calculate the reflected and transmitted waveforms with time-independent scattering theory. Our results quantitatively show the echo signatures in the two universes on both sides of the wormhole. In a certain wormhole mass range, the transmitted wave has a unique isolated chirp without an inspiral waveform, and the reflected wave has the anti-chirp behavior, i.e., the missing of the chirping signal. We also calculate the searching range of the current and projected GW telescopes. Our method can be adapted to efficiently calculate the templates to search for wormholes.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. Match the published version
Retrospective multicentre evaluation of common calcaneal tendon injuries in 66 cats. Part 2: treatment, complications and outcomes
Creators: name: Häußler, Thomas C.
name: Kornmayer, Matthias
name: Scheich, Miriam
name: Fischer, Andreas
name: Feichtenschlager, Christian J.
name: Rohwedder, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Common calcaneal tendon
subject: Achilles tendon
subject: tendinopathy
subject: rupture
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Objectives The aims of the second part of this retrospective multicentre study were to describe the surgical techniques used in the treatment of common calcaneal tendon (CCT) injuries, and evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes and complications. Methods The medical records of five different small animal referral centres and veterinary teaching hospitals between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Surgical vs conservative treatment was evaluated. Treatment type, type of postoperative immobilisation, and short- and long-term outcomes and complications were recorded. Minor complications were defined as not requiring surgical intervention. Long-term outcome was evaluated by an owner questionnaire. Results Sixty-six cats met the inclusion criteria. Mean time to surgery was 9.6 days (range 0–185). Most cats (83.3%) were treated surgically. Regardless of treatment modality, all limbs were immobilised for a mean time of 48.2 days (range 2–98). For 63 cats that had the temporary tarsal joint immobilisation technique recorded, a transarticular external skeletal fixator (ESF; 57.1%) or a calcaneotibial screw (33.3%) were used most commonly. The method of immobilisation had a notable, although non-significant, influence on the occurrence of short-term complications, with most complications being reported for the transarticular ESF group. The total short-term complication rate was 41.3%, the minor complication rate was 33.3% and the major complication rate was 7.9%, with pin tract infections being the most commonly occurring minor complication. Three cats (6%) had a total of four major complications over the long term. Most cats (86%) were free of lameness at the long-term evaluation, with an overall successful clinical long-term outcome of 84.9%, according to the owner questionnaire. Cats with traumatic injuries and injuries treated surgically had higher questionnaire scores than those with atraumatic injuries and those treated conservatively. Conclusions and relevance Outcome was generally good in cats with CCT injury, irrespective of the type of treatment. Complications included a high proportion of minor complications associated with the technique of tarsal joint immobilisation. ESF frames were more commonly involved in complications than other techniques. Surgically treated cats had a slightly better long-term outcomes.
New existence results for the mean field equation on compact surfaces via degree theory
Creators: name: Jevnikar, Aleks
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J15, 35J20, 35J25, 35J60, 35J66

description: We consider a class of equations with exponential non-linearities on a compact surface which arises as the mean field equation of the equilibrium turbulence with arbitrarily signed vortices. We prove an existence result via degree theory. This yields new existence results in case of a topological sphere. The proof is carried out by considering the parity of the Leray-Schauder degree associated to the problem. With this method we recover also some known previous results.
Flare-out conditions in static thin-shell wormholes
Creators: name: Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
name: Halilsoy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the generalized flare-out conditions in static wormhole throats given by Hochberg and Visser. We show that due to the presence of matter sources on the throat, these conditions are not applicable to the thin-shell wormholes.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, final version to be published in PRD
Gold Functions and Switched Cube Functions Are Not 0-Extendable in Dimension $n > 5$
Creators: name: Beierle, Christof
name: Carlet, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the independent works by Kalgin and Idrisova and by Beierle, Leander and Perrin, it was observed that the Gold APN functions over $\mathbb{F}_{2^5}$ give rise to a quadratic APN function in dimension 6 having maximum possible linearity of $2^5$ (that is, minimum possible nonlinearity $2^4$). In this article, we show that the case of $n \leq 5$ is quite special in the sense that Gold APN functions in dimension $n>5$ cannot be extended to quadratic APN functions in dimension $n+1$ having maximum possible linearity. In the second part of this work, we show that this is also the case for APN functions of the form $x \mapsto x^3 + μ(x)$ with $μ$ being a quadratic Boolean function.
Bach equation and the matching of spacetimes in conformal cyclic cosmology models
Creators: name: Kopiński, Jarosław
name: Kroon, Juan A. Valiente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of matching two spacetimes, the previous and present aeons, in the Conformal Cyclic Cosmology model. The common boundary between them inherits two sets of constraints -- one for each solution of the Einstein field equations extended to the conformal boundaries. The previous aeon is assumed to be an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime, so the standard conformal formulation of the Einstein field equations suffice to derive the constraints on the future null infinity. For the future aeon, which is supposed to evolve from an initial singularity, they are obtained with the use of the Bach equation. This equation is regular at the past conformal infinity for conformally flat and conformally Einstein spacetimes, so we will mostly focus on them here. An example of the electrovacuum spacetime which does not fall into this class and has regular conformal Bach tensor will be discussed in the appendix.
description: 10 pages; updated to match the published version
Multiscale temporal integrators for fluctuating hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Delong, S.
name: Sun, Y.
name: Griffith, B. E.
name: Vanden-Eijnden, E.
name: Donev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following on our previous work [S. Delong and B. E. Griffith and E. Vanden-Eijnden and A. Donev, Phys. Rev. E, 87(3):033302, 2013], we develop temporal integrators for solving Langevin stochastic differential equations that arise in fluctuating hydrodynamics. Our simple predictor-corrector schemes add fluctuations to standard second-order deterministic solvers in a way that maintains second-order weak accuracy for linearized fluctuating hydrodynamics. We construct a general class of schemes and recommend two specific schemes: an explicit midpoint method, and an implicit trapezoidal method. We also construct predictor-corrector methods for integrating the overdamped limit of systems of equations with a fast and slow variable in the limit of infinite separation of the fast and slow timescales. We propose using random finite differences to approximate some of the stochastic drift terms that arise because of the kinetic multiplicative noise in the limiting dynamics. We illustrate our integrators on two applications involving the development of giant nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in diffusively-mixing fluids. We first study the development of giant fluctuations in recent experiments performed in microgravity using an overdamped integrator. We then include the effects of gravity, and find that we also need to include the effects of fluid inertia, which affects the dynamics of the concentration fluctuations greatly at small wavenumbers.
description: Published with some errors (fixed here) as Phys. Rev. E, 90, 063312, 2014
Joined Up Thinking: The challenges of large scale data integration
Creators: name: Richards, Julian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Linked Open data
CIDOC CRM
e-infrastructure

description: Research e-infrastructures, digital archives, and data services have become important pillars of scientific enterprise that in recent decades has become ever more collaborative, distributed, and data intensive. The archaeological research community has been an early adopter of digital tools for data acquisition, organization, analysis, and presentation of research results of individual projects. However, the provision of e-infrastructure and services for data sharing, discovery, access, and reuse has lagged behind. This situation has been addressed by ARIADNE. This EU-funded network has developed an e-infrastructure that enables data providers to register and provide access to their digital resources through the ARIADNE data portal, facilitating discovery, access, and research. ARIADNE has aggregated resources from over 30 data providers, spanning over 40 countries and 4 continents. The ARIADNE portal provides online access to over 3.2 million research resources, with the number increasing daily. In the current phase of the project, ARIADNEplus, there has been an explicit effort to increase the temporal and geographical range of resources, and to extend the thematic coverage. However, it is equally important that we do not simply create another data silo, just larger than previous efforts. The ARIADNE Knowledge Base is therefore based upon Linked Open Data technologies and is underpinned by a flexible and extensible architecture. We have also been keen not to “make a great heap” of all the data and, learning from previous data aggregation projects, we have defined a sub-set of the CIDOC-CRM as a strict ontology and paid close attention to data standards and controlled vocabularies to achieve a high level of interoperability. This paper will discuss some of the challenges of large-scale data integration and describe the approaches adopted to ensure that the ARIADNE Knowledge Base is an effective tool for resource discovery. It will seek to demonstrate how the portal can also be used to address major research questions, and how the Linked Open Data approach provides flexibility, with the portal architecture enabling multiple combinations and presentations of the same underpinning data.
description: {"references": ["Meghini, C., Scopigno, R., Richards, J.D. et al. 2017. \"ARIADNE: A Research Infrastructure for Archaeology\", Journal of Computing and Cultural Heritage 10.3, 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1145/3064527", "Richards, J.D. and F. Niccolucci (eds.) 2019. The ARIADNE Impact. Archaeolingua, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4319058", "Wright, H. and Richards, J.D. 2018. \"Reflections on Collaborative Archaeology and Large-Scale Online Research Infrastructures\", Journal of Field Archaeology, 43:sup1, S60-S67, https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2018.1511960"]}
A simple diagnosis of non-smoothness of black hole horizon: Curvature singularity at horizons in extremal Kaluza-Klein black holes
Creators: name: Kimura, Masashi
name: Ishihara, Hideki
name: Matsuno, Ken
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple method to prove non-smoothness of a black hole horizon. The existence of a $C^1$ extension across the horizon implies that there is no $C^{N + 2}$ extension across the horizon if some components of $N$-th covariant derivative of Riemann tensor diverge at the horizon in the coordinates of the $C^1$ extension. In particular, the divergence of a component of the Riemann tensor at the horizon directly indicates the presence of a curvature singularity. By using this method, we can confirm the existence of a curvature singularity for several cases where the scalar invariants constructed from the Riemann tensor, e.g., the Ricci scalar and the Kretschmann invariant, take finite values at the horizon. As a concrete example of the application, we show that the Kaluza-Klein black holes constructed by Myers have a curvature singularity at the horizon if the spacetime dimension is higher than five.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures, v2: discussions improved, v3: minor revisions, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Comment on "Exact Solution for Three-Dimensional Ising Model" by Degang Zhang followed by Response to the Reply by Degang Zhang
Creators: name: Perk, Jacques H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Zhang Degang's claimed solution of the three-dimensional Ising model [arXiv:2110.11233] has fatal irreparable errors.
description: 3 pages LaTeX, submitted to Symmetry. v2: Spell correction and minor improvements. v3: Added a reference and extra explanation above (2). v4: Improved explanation around (2). v5: Published version with added response to Zhang's reply. v6: Updated title and references to Zhang's reply
Wavelet Trees Meet Suffix Trees
Creators: name: Babenko, Maxim
name: Gawrychowski, Paweł
name: Kociumaka, Tomasz
name: Starikovskaya, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.1; F.2.2
subject: 68P05 (Primary), 68W05 (Secondary)

description: We present an improved wavelet tree construction algorithm and discuss its applications to a number of rank/select problems for integer keys and strings. Given a string of length n over an alphabet of size $σ\leq n$, our method builds the wavelet tree in $O(n \log σ/ \sqrt{\log{n}})$ time, improving upon the state-of-the-art algorithm by a factor of $\sqrt{\log n}$. As a consequence, given an array of n integers we can construct in $O(n \sqrt{\log n})$ time a data structure consisting of $O(n)$ machine words and capable of answering rank/select queries for the subranges of the array in $O(\log n / \log \log n)$ time. This is a $\log \log n$-factor improvement in query time compared to Chan and Pătraşcu and a $\sqrt{\log n}$-factor improvement in construction time compared to Brodal et al. Next, we switch to stringological context and propose a novel notion of wavelet suffix trees. For a string w of length n, this data structure occupies $O(n)$ words, takes $O(n \sqrt{\log n})$ time to construct, and simultaneously captures the combinatorial structure of substrings of w while enabling efficient top-down traversal and binary search. In particular, with a wavelet suffix tree we are able to answer in $O(\log |x|)$ time the following two natural analogues of rank/select queries for suffixes of substrings: for substrings x and y of w count the number of suffixes of x that are lexicographically smaller than y, and for a substring x of w and an integer k, find the k-th lexicographically smallest suffix of x. We further show that wavelet suffix trees allow to compute a run-length-encoded Burrows-Wheeler transform of a substring x of w in $O(s \log |x|)$ time, where s denotes the length of the resulting run-length encoding. This answers a question by Cormode and Muthukrishnan, who considered an analogous problem for Lempel-Ziv compression.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures; preliminary version published at SODA 2015