cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Land Use and Degradation in a Desert Margin: The Northern Negev
Creators: name: Prince, Stephen
name: Safriel, Uriel
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: land degradation
desertification
primary production
NPP
Local NPP Scaling
LNS
Israel
Negev
savannization
Bedouin

description: Degradation in a range of land uses was examined across the transition from the arid to the semi-arid zone in the northern Negev desert, representative of developments in land use taking place throughout the West Asia and North Africa region. Primary production was used as an index of an important aspect of dryland degradation. It was derived from data provided by Landsat measurements at 0.1 ha resolution over a 2500 km2 study region—the first assessment of the degradation of a large area of a desert margin at a resolution suitable for interpretation in terms of human activities. The Local NPP Scaling (LNS) method enabled comparisons between the observed NPP and the potential, nondegraded, reference NPP. The potential was calculated by normalizing the actual NPP to remove the effects of environmental conditions that are not related to anthropogenic degradation. Of the entire study area, about 50% was found to have a significantly lower production than its potential. The degree of degradation ranged from small in pasture, around informal settlements, minimally managed dryland cropping, and a pine plantation, to high in commercial cropping and extreme in low-density afforestation. This result was unexpected as degradation in drylands is often attributed to pastoralism, and afforestation is said to offer remediation and prevention of further damage.
Assessing Crop Water Productivity under Different Irrigation Scenarios in the Mid–Atlantic Region
Creators: name: Paul, Manashi
name: Negahban-Azar, Masoud
name: Shirmohammadi, Adel
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: hydrologic model
SWAT
SWAT-Cup
WWTP
Maryland
crop water productivity

description: The continuous growth of irrigated agricultural has resulted in decline of groundwater levels in many regions of Maryland and the Mid–Atlantic. The main objective of this study was to use crop water productivity as an index to evaluate different irrigation strategies including rainfed, groundwater, and recycled water use. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the watershed hydrology and crop yield. It was used to estimate corn and soybean water productivity using different irrigation sources, including treated wastewater from adjacent wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The SWAT model was able to estimate crop water productivity at both subbasin and hydrologic response unit (HRU) levels. Results suggest that using treated wastewater as supplemental irrigation can provide opportunities for improving water productivity and save fresh groundwater sources. The total water productivity (irrigation and rainfall) values for corn and soybean were found to be 0.617 kg/m3 and 0.173 kg/m3, respectively, while the water productivity values for rainfall plus treated wastewater use were found to be 0.713 kg/m3 and 0.37 kg/m3 for corn and soybean, respectively. The outcomes of this study provide information regarding enhancing water management in similar physiographic regions, especially in areas where crop productivity is low due to limited freshwater availability.
Sustained RF oscillations from thermally induced spin-transfer torque
Creators: name: Luc, David
name: Waintal, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the angular dependence of the spin torque generated when applying a temperature difference across a spin-valve. Our study shows the presence of a non-trivial fixed point in this angular dependence, i.e. the possibility for a temperature gradient to stabilize radio frequency oscillations without the need for an external magnetic field. This so called "wavy" behavior can already be found upon applying a voltage difference across a spin-valve but we find that this effect is much more pronounced with a temperature difference. Our semi-classical theory is parametrized with experimentally measured parameters and allows one to predict the amplitude of the torque with good precision. Although thermal spin torque is by nature less effective than its voltage counterpart, we find that in certain geometries, temperature differences as low as a few degrees should be sufficient to trigger the switching of the magnetization.
description: 5 pages + 3 pages supplementary material, 3 figures
Fisher vs. the Worms: Extraordinary Sex Ratios in Nematodes and the Mechanisms that Produce Them
Creators: name: Van Goor, Justin
name: Shakes, Diane C.
name: Haag, Eric S.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: sex ratio
sperm competition
meiosis
local mate competition
nematodes

description: Parker, Baker, and Smith provided the first robust theory explaining why anisogamy evolves in parallel in multicellular organisms. Anisogamy sets the stage for the emergence of separate sexes, and for another phenomenon with which Parker is associated: sperm competition. In outcrossing taxa with separate sexes, Fisher proposed that the sex ratio will tend towards unity in large, randomly mating populations due to a fitness advantage that accrues in individuals of the rarer sex. This creates a vast excess of sperm over that required to fertilize all available eggs, and intense competition as a result. However, small, inbred populations can experience selection for skewed sex ratios. This is widely appreciated in haplodiploid organisms, in which females can control the sex ratio behaviorally. In this review, we discuss recent research in nematodes that has characterized the mechanisms underlying highly skewed sex ratios in fully diploid systems. These include self-fertile hermaphroditism and the adaptive elimination of sperm competition factors, facultative parthenogenesis, non-Mendelian meiotic oddities involving the sex chromosomes, and environmental sex determination. By connecting sex ratio evolution and sperm biology in surprising ways, these phenomena link two “seminal” contributions of G. A. Parker.
Dynamical behavior connection of the gluon distribution and the proton structure function at small $x$
Creators: name: Boroun, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a critical study of the relationship between the singlet structure function $F_{2}^{S}$ and the gluon distribution $G(x,Q^{2})$ proposed in the past two decades, which is frequently used to extract the gluon distribution from the proton structure function. We show that a simple relation is not generally valid in the simplest state. We complete this relation by using a Laplace transform method and hard-pomeron behavior at LO and NLO at small $x$. Our study shows that this relation is dependent on the splitting functions and initial conditions at $Q^{2} = Q^{2}_{0}$ and running coupling constant at NLO. The resulting analytic expression allows us to predict the proton structure function with respect to the gluon distributions and to compare the results with H1 data and a QCD analysis fit. Comparisons with other results are made and predictions for the proposed best approach are also provided.
description: 8 pages,5 figures
A Search for Strongly Mg-enhanced Stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Chen, Yu-Qin
name: Li, Hai-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly Mg-enhanced stars with [Mg/Fe] $>$ 1.0 show peculiar abundance patterns and hence are of great interest for our understanding of stellar formation and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. A systematical search for strongly Mg-enhanced stars based on the low-resolution $(R\simeq2000)$ spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is carried out by finding the best matched synthetic spectrum to the observed one in the region of Mg I b lines around $λ$5170Å$~$via a profile matching method. The advantage of our method is that fitting parameters are refined by reproducing the [Mg/Fe] ratios of 47 stars from very precise high-resolution spectroscopic (HRS) analysis by Nissen and Schuster (2010); and these parameters are crucial to the precision and validity of the derived Mg abundances. As a further check of our method, Mg abundances are estimated with our method for member stars in four Galactic globular clusters (M92, M13, M3, M71) which cover the same metallicity range as our sample, and the results are in good agreement with those of HRS analysis in the literature. The validation of our method is also proved by the agreement of [Mg/Fe] between our values and those of HRS analysis by Aoki et al.(2013). Finally, 33 candidates of strongly Mg-enhanced stars with [Mg/Fe]$>$1.0 are selected from 14850 F and G stars. Follow-up observations will be carried out on these candidates with high-resolution spectroscopy by large telescopes in the near future, so as to check our selection procedure and to perform a precise and detailed abundance analysis and to explore the origins of these stars.
Least Upper Bounds of the Powers Extracted and Scattered by Bi-anisotropic Particles
Creators: name: Liberal, Inigo
name: Ra'di, Younes
name: Gonzalo, Ramon
name: Ederra, Inigo
name: Tretyakov, Sergei A.
name: Ziolkowski, Richard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The least upper bounds of the powers extracted and scattered by bi-anisotropic particles are investigated analytically. A rigorous derivation for particles having invertible polarizability tensors is presented, and the particles with singular polarizability tensors that have been reported in the literature are treated explicitly. The analysis concludes that previous upper bounds presented for isotropic particles can be extrapolated to bi-anisotropic particles. In particular, it is shown that neither nonreciprocal nor magnetoelectric coupling phenomena can further increase those upper bounds on the extracted and scattered powers. The outcomes are illustrated further with approximate circuit model examples of two dipole antennas connected via a generic lossless network.
description: 9 pages, 1 figures
Comparison of GRUAN RS92 and RS41 Radiosonde Temperature Biases
Creators: name: Jing, Xin
name: Shao, Xi
name: Liu, Tung-Chang
name: Zhang, Bin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: GRUAN
RS92
radiosonde
RO
ECMWF ERA5
consistency

description: In this study, we validated the consistency of the GRUAN RS92 and RS41 datasets, versions EDT.1 and GDP.2, in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (200–20 hPa), through dual launch campaigns at the GRUAN site and using the radio occultation (RO) product and the ERA5 reanalysis from ECMWF as standards for double difference comparison. Separate comparisons with the references were also performed in order to trace the origin of the bias between the two instruments. Then, the performance of the GRUAN raw temperature correction algorithm was evaluated, from the aspects of day–night, the solar zenith angle, and the pressure level, for GDP.2 version products. The results show that RS92.EDT.1 has a warm bias of 0.355 K, compared to RS41.EDT.1, at 20 hPa, during daytime. This bias was found to mainly originate from RS92.EDT.1, based on the separate comparison with RO or ECMWF ERA5 data. RS92.GDP.2 is consistent with RS41.GDP.2, but a separate comparison indicated that the two original GDP.2 products have a ~1 K warm bias at 20 hPa during daytime, compared with RO or ECMWF ERA5 data. The GRUAN correction method can reduce the warm bias up to 0.5 K at 20 hPa during daytime. As a result, this GRUAN correction method is efficient, and it is dependent on the solar zenith angle and pressure level.
Les conditions de détention en isolement au Canada : Étude empirique des plaintes soumises à l’Enquêteur Correctionnel
Creators: name: Dupuis, Marilyne
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: Isolement
isolement administratif
isolement disciplinaire
Canada
conditions de détention
droits des détenus
Ombudsman
Enquêteur Correctionnel
Privation
Sykes
Moindre éligibilité
Bentham

description: La présente étude est une recherche empirique sur les conditions de détention en isolement administratif et disciplinaire dans les pénitenciers canadiens. Les recherches récentes sur l’isolement constatent que ce type de placement produit des conséquences négatives sur les détenus, tant au niveau physique, psychologique et social en raison des conditions de vie dans lesquelles ils sont placés. La littérature existante n’aborde que très peu les conditions de vie des détenus en isolement en contexte carcéral canadien. Notre recherche vise donc à combler cette carence de la littérature scientifique par l’entremise du Bureau de l’enquêteur correctionnel, organisme de dernier recours que disposent les détenus pour faire valoir leurs droits concernant leurs conditions de vie. Notre objectif principal consiste à étudier ce que les plaintes, que les détenus mis en isolement formulent auprès du BEC, nous permettent de dire des conditions de vie en isolement. Nous avons ainsi entrepris de présenter le contenu des plaintes acceptées par le BEC en les analysant à travers les privations de Sykes (1958) et d’analyser les problèmes de fond des plaintes à travers le principe de moindre éligibilité de Bentham (1796). Nous avons réalisé une analyse empirique des plaintes des détenus formulées au BEC entre 2013 et 2015, soit 134 dossiers, incluant 244 plaintes. Malgré les limitations du matériel empirique obtenu, nous avons constaté que la douleur de l’emprisonnement se manifeste non seulement à travers trois des privations de Sykes, mais aussi à travers d’autres types de privations, qui étaient auparavant incluses dans la privation de liberté : l’absence de relation familiale, la restriction de mouvement et le manque de reconnaissance. De plus, nos résultats nous permettent de proposer une réflexion sur le principe de moindre éligibilité, tel que vécu par les détenus en isolement, piste de recherche qui mérite d’être approfondie.
Long-Lived stop at the LHC with or without R-parity
Creators: name: Covi, L.
name: Dradi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider scenarios of gravitino LSP and DM with stop NLSP both within R-parity conserving and R-parity violating supersymmetry (RPC and RPV SUSY, respectively). We discuss cosmological bounds from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the gravitino abundance and then concentrate on the signals of long-lived stops at the LHC as displaced vertices or metastable particles. Finally we discuss how to distinguish R-parity conserving and R-parity breaking stop decays if they happen within the detector and suppress SM backgrounds.
description: 35 pages
Sistemas de inovação e de turismo: complementaridades na região do Algarve
Creators: name: Pinto, Hugo Emanuel Dos Reis Sales Da Cruz
name: Cruz, Ana Rita Pereira Marques Da
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2011

description: Partindo da discussão teórica dos sistemas de inovação e de turismo, este artigo discute o papel que a inovação poderá ter no desenvolvimento do Algarve, região Portuguesa conhecida pela sua especialização turística. As políticas públicas têm dado muita atenção a esta temática, reforçando o seu papel enquanto potenciadora de competitividade, algo evidenciado pelo Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional. Diversos estudos têm mostrado o limitado desempenho inovador do país e das suas regiões. O Algarve apresenta-se neste contexto com potencialidades e restrições específicas para robustecer um sistema regional de inovação, pretensão visível nos documentos de estratégia regional, como o Programa Operacional Algarve 21 e o Plano Regional de Inovação. No artigo são apresentados aspectos caracterizadores da inovação na região. O turismo, enquanto motor do desenvolvimento regional, deverá incorporar lógicas e rotinas inovadoras para garantir uma melhoria do sector, através da diferenciação e introdução de novos produtos, possibilitando a emergência de um Sistema Regional de Turismo Inovador.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 15 (2011)
Sewage Systems Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2: Identification of Knowledge Gaps, Emerging Threats, and Future Research Needs
Creators: name: Amereh, Fatemeh
name: Negahban-Azar, Masoud
name: Isazadeh, Siavash
name: Dabiri, Hossein
name: Masihi, Najmeh
name: Jahangiri-Rad, Mahsa
name: Rafiee, Mohammad
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
virus concentration/enrichment methods
virus detection/quantification
wastewater-based epidemiology

description: The etiological agent for novel coronavirus (COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), not only affects the human respiratory system, but also the gastrointestinal tract resulting in gastrointestinal manifestations. The high rate of asymptomatic infected individuals has challenged the estimation of infection spread based on patients’ surveillance, and thus alternative approaches such as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) have been proposed. Accordingly, the number of publications on this topic has increased substantially. The present systematic review thus aimed at providing state-of-the-knowledge on the occurrence and existing methods for sampling procedures, detection/quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage samples, as well as anticipating challenges and providing future research direction to improve the current scientific knowledge. Articles were collected from three scientific databases. Only studies reporting measurements of virus in stool, urine, and wastewater samples were included. Results showed that improving the scientific community’s understanding in these avenues is essential if we are to develop appropriate policy and management tools to address this pandemic pointing particularly towards WBE as a new paradigm in public health. It was also evident that standardized protocols are needed to ensure reproducibility and comparability of outcomes. Areas that require the most improvements are sampling procedures, concentration/enrichment, detection, and quantification of virus in wastewater, as well as positive controls. Results also showed that selecting the most accurate population estimation method for WBE studies is still a challenge. While the number of people infected in an area could be approximately estimated based on quantities of virus found in wastewater, these estimates should be cross-checked by other sources of information to draw a more comprehensive conclusion. Finally, wastewater surveillance can be useful as an early warning tool, a management tool, and/or a way for investigating vaccination efficacy and spread of new variants.
Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials in Transport Pavement Infrastructure: Sustainability Analysis & Metrics
Creators: name: Zhao, Yunpeng
name: Goulias, Dimitrios
name: Peterson, Dominique
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: infrastructure sustainability
recycled materials
pavements
life cycle analysis
environmental impacts
sustainability metrics

description: Transportation infrastructure is one of the largest consumers of natural materials. To improve the environmental quality and sustainable development of transportation infrastructure, it is important to implement sustainable strategies in pavement construction and rehabilitation. The use of recycled materials is a key element in generating sustainable pavement designs to save natural resources, reduce energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology for assessing the environmental and economic life-cycle benefits when using recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in highway projects. Previous studies on life cycle analysis (LCA) using RAP focused on the economics and/or environmental impacts during the material production process. Thus, there is a need to consider sustainability analysis at all stages of construction and rehabilitation during the performance period of pavement structures. This study addresses this need with the proposed methodology. The suggested approach could be potentially implemented in a pavement management system (PMS) so as to introduce sustainability principles in optimizing alternative rehabilitation strategies. The methodology includes various steps for the analysis, starting with condition assessment of the existing highway, identifying alternative structural pavement designs, predicting service life, setting up alternative rehabilitation strategies, and conducting life cycle environmental and economic analysis. To demonstrate the value of the methodology, a comparative parametric study was conducted on two real case study projects representing actual field conditions for primary roads in Maryland. These case studies were used in order to quantify the economic savings and environmental benefits of using different levels of RAP in highway rehabilitation. The results of the analysis indicate that incorporating RAP in pavement rehabilitation can contribute substantially to cost savings and environmental impact reduction (e.g., greenhouse gas emission, energy, water, and hazardous waste). The benefits illustrated in this study are expected to encourage wide adoption of the proposed methodology and the use of recycled materials in highway construction and rehabilitation. The methodology is transferable where similar materials and highway construction techniques are used.
Understanding the Drivers of Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Florida, USA Using a Machine Learning Approach
Creators: name: Zhu, Guimin
name: Stewart, Kathleen
name: Niemeier, Deb
name: Fan, Junchuan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
mobility
random forest
spatial modeling
Florida

description: As of March 2021, the State of Florida, U.S.A. had accounted for approximately 6.67% of total COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease) cases in the U.S. The main objective of this research is to analyze mobility patterns during a three month period in summer 2020, when COVID-19 case numbers were very high for three Florida counties, Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties. To investigate patterns, as well as drivers, related to changes in mobility across the tri-county region, a random forest regression model was built using sociodemographic, travel, and built environment factors, as well as COVID-19 positive case data. Mobility patterns declined in each county when new COVID-19 infections began to rise, beginning in mid-June 2020. While the mean number of bar and restaurant visits was lower overall due to closures, analysis showed that these visits remained a top factor that impacted mobility for all three counties, even with a rise in cases. Our modeling results suggest that there were mobility pattern differences between counties with respect to factors relating, for example, to race and ethnicity (different population groups factored differently in each county), as well as social distancing or travel-related factors (e.g., staying at home behaviors) over the two time periods prior to and after the spike of COVID-19 cases.
Measurement of sub-pulse-width temporal delays via spectral interference induced by weak value amplification
Creators: name: Salazar-Serrano, Luis Jose
name: Janner, Davide
name: Brunner, Nicolas
name: Pruneri, Valerio
name: Torres, Juan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally a scheme to measure small temporal delays, much smaller than the pulse width, between optical pulses. Specifically, we observe an interference effect, based on the concepts of quantum weak measurements and weak value amplification, through which a sub-pulsewidth temporal delay between two femtosecond pulses induces a measurable shift of the central frequency of the pulse. The amount of frequency shift, and the accompanying losses of the measurement, can be tailored by post-selecting different states of polarization. Our scheme requires only spectrum measurements and linear optics elements, hence greatly facilitating its implementation. Thus it appears as a promising technique for measuring small and rapidly varying temporal delays.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
O património florístico como recurso turístico: uma alternativa ao desenvolvimento da estância termal da Curia
Creators: name: Silva, Susana
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2011

description: O turismo é atualmente uma realidade incontornável no processo de desenvolvimento dos territórios. Estes, tal como os recursos de que dispõem, constituem, por sua vez, elementos estratégicos no contexto territorialista de desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentado, onde o património e os valores culturais se afiguram fundamentais na construção desta relação. O presente artigo pretende fugir à regra clássica de abordagem do património inovando numa reflexão sobre o património florístico numa conceção particular de turismo, o turismo de jardins, em específico da esfera termal, e de como este pode constituir uma alternativa turística de vanguarda e inovadora a apresentar pela estância termal da Curia ao turista pósmoderno.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 16 (2011)
Interaction of Poliovirus Capsid Proteins with the Cellular Autophagy Pathway
Creators: name: Zimina, Anna
name: Viktorova, Ekaterina G.
name: Moghimi, Seyedehmahsa
name: Nchoutmboube, Jules
name: Belov, George A.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: enteroviruses
poliovirus
autophagy
LC3 processing
enterovirus replication

description: The capsid precursor P1 constitutes the N-terminal part of the enterovirus polyprotein. It is processed into VP0, VP3, and VP1 by the viral proteases, and VP0 is cleaved autocatalytically into VP4 and VP2. We observed that poliovirus VP0 is recognized by an antibody against a cellular autophagy protein, LC3A. The LC3A-like epitope overlapped the VP4/VP2 cleavage site. Individually expressed VP0-EGFP and P1 strongly colocalized with a marker of selective autophagy, p62/SQSTM1. To assess the role of capsid proteins in autophagy development we infected different cells with poliovirus or encapsidated polio replicon coding for only the replication proteins. We analyzed the processing of LC3B and p62/SQSTM1, markers of the initiation and completion of the autophagy pathway and investigated the association of the viral antigens with these autophagy proteins in infected cells. We observed cell-type-specific development of autophagy upon infection and found that only the virion signal strongly colocalized with p62/SQSTM1 early in infection. Collectively, our data suggest that activation of autophagy is not required for replication, and that capsid proteins contain determinants targeting them to p62/SQSTM1-dependent sequestration. Such a strategy may control the level of capsid proteins so that viral RNAs are not removed from the replication/translation pool prematurely.
Pedestrianismo, percursos pedestres e turismo de passeio pedestre em Portugal
Creators: name: Tovar, Zília
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2011

description: O presente artigo explora o tema do pedestrianismo, percursos pedestres e turismo de passeio pedestre em Portugal, avaliando a sua dimensão e expressão territorial, através da análise das atividades de pedestrianismo promovidas, dos percursos existentes e dos programas de turismo de passeio pedestre disponíveis no mercado. São identificadas as áreas de maior desenvolvimento atual e potencial do turismo de passeio pedestre e os fatores que potenciam o valor acrescentado deste tipo de turismo. A exposição do tema suporta-se nos três objetos de análise, pela seguinte ordem: o pedestrianismo, os percursos pedestres e o turismo de passeio pedestre. O primeiro aborda a temática do pedestrianismo e apresenta a análise da sua expressão territorial, em Portugal, com base na oferta das atividades promovidas. O segundo caracteriza e quantifica a realidade dos percursos pedestres homologados pela Federação de Campismo e Montanhismo de Portugal, bem como apresenta a distribuição territorial das atividades de pedestrianismo e dos percursos pedestres e analisa a relação existente entre atividades e percursos e entre atividades, percursos e território. Na terceira parte identificam-se os operadores de turismo de passeio pedestre em Portugal, caraterizando-os de acordo com a sua origem e os destinos turísticos em que operam, e analisam-se os programas de turismo de passeio pedestre no nosso país, enfatizando a natureza dos destinos. No final, as conclusões evidenciam os fatores potenciadores do desenvolvimento de um destino de turismo de passeio pedestre.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 16 (2011)
NFFA-Europe Pilot - D14.2 - Delivery of the operando microscopy station
Creators: name: Babaliari, E.
name: Xydias, D.
name: Pantelaiou, A.
name: Kefalogianni, M.
name: Psilodimitrakopoulos, S.
name: Kavatzikidou, P.
name: Ranella, A.
name: Stratakis, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This deliverable involves the development of a sustainable biological substrate holder installed in-operando at a microscope for the live imaging of the interactions of cells on patterned substrates with and without nanoparticles exposure.
description: WP14 - A safe-by design platform for nanomaterials
Geo-Analytical Approach to diseases vulnerability and high-risk space in Rajkot
Creators: name: Srivastava, Nikhil
name: Kamakshi S, Kanmani
name: Bhatt, Manushi
name: Gharekhan, Dhwanilnath
name: Gandhi, Shaily
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ILUS 2023

description: The study primarily focuses on analysing the prevalence of different diseases in Rajkot, with particular attention to its occurrence due to environmental factors. Diseases like Asthma and Pulmonary diseases, has strong correlation with air quality and Vector-borne diseases like Malaria and Dengue, which become more prominent during the monsoon seasons and subsequent water logging areas.
A importância do marketing para o desenvolvimento turístico: o caso de Montalegre
Creators: name: Correia, Ricardo
name: Brito, Carlos
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2011

description: Este artigo analisa o caso de Montalegre, um concelho que soube criar marcas com autenticidade e especializar-se na sua divulgação, o que lhe tem permitido levar a cabo diversos certames geradores de uma procura turística diversificada ao longo de todo o ano. A Feira de Fumeiro, que se afirma como uma das mais dinâmicas do país, o fenómeno das Sextas-feiras Treze, que consegue gerar uma grande procura turística na região, o Congresso de Medicina Popular de Vilar de Perdizes, que celebra já a sua vigésima sétima edição, ou o Ecomuseu de Barroso, que funciona como agente dinamizador da região, são alguns dos eventos abordados neste artigo. Com base na sua análise, o artigo consubstancia um conjunto de contributos que podem ser úteis para muitos municípios rurais que continuam ainda a subaproveitar o potencial de riqueza que têm a seu dispor.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 16 (2011)
Notes on a conjecture of Manoussakis concerning Hamilton cycles in digraphs
Creators: name: Ning, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C38, 05C45

description: In 1992, Manoussakis conjectured that a strongly 2-connected digraph $D$ on $n$ vertices is hamiltonian if for every two distinct pairs of independent vertices $x,y$ and $w,z$ we have $d(x)+d(y)+d(w)+d(z)\geq 4n-3$. In this note we show that $D$ has a Hamilton path, which gives an affirmative evidence supporting this conjecture.
description: 8 pages
Multivariate Tail Probabilities: Predicting Regional Pertussis Cases in Washington State
Creators: name: Zhang, Xuze
name: Pyne, Saumyadipta
name: Kedem, Benjamin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: disease outbreak
density ratio model
variable tilt
model selection
goodness-of-fit
data fusion

description: In disease modeling, a key statistical problem is the estimation of lower and upper tail probabilities of health events from given data sets of small size and limited range. Assuming such constraints, we describe a computational framework for the systematic fusion of observations from multiple sources to compute tail probabilities that could not be obtained otherwise due to a lack of lower or upper tail data. The estimation of multivariate lower and upper tail probabilities from a given small reference data set that lacks complete information about such tail data is addressed in terms of pertussis case count data. Fusion of data from multiple sources in conjunction with the density ratio model is used to give probability estimates that are non-obtainable from the empirical distribution. Based on a density ratio model with variable tilts, we first present a univariate fit and, subsequently, improve it with a multivariate extension. In the multivariate analysis, we selected the best model in terms of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Regional prediction, in Washington state, of the number of pertussis cases is approached by providing joint probabilities using fused data from several relatively small samples following the selected density ratio model. The model is validated by a graphical goodness-of-fit plot comparing the estimated reference distribution obtained from the fused data with that of the empirical distribution obtained from the reference sample only.
Immunopotentiating and Delivery Systems for HCV Vaccines
Creators: name: Andrianov, Alexander K.
name: Fuerst, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: immunoadjuvants
hepatitis C virus (HCV)
vaccines
delivery systems
immunopotentation
pharmaceutical formulations
self-assembly
multimericity

description: Development of preventive vaccines against hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the main strategies in achieving global elimination of the disease. The effort is focused on the quest for vaccines capable of inducing protective cross-neutralizing humoral and cellular immune responses, which in turn dictate the need for rationally designed cross-genotype vaccine antigens and potent immunoadjuvants systems. This review provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge on immunopotentiating compounds and vaccine delivery systems capable of enhancing HCV antigen-specific immune responses, while focusing on the synergy and interplay of two modalities. Structural, physico-chemical, and biophysical features of these systems are discussed in conjunction with the analysis of their in vivo performance. Extreme genetic diversity of HCV-a well-known hurdle in the development of an HCV vaccine, may also present a challenge in a search for an effective immunoadjuvant, as the effort necessitates systematic and comparative screening of rationally designed antigenic constructs. The progress may be accelerated if the preference is given to well-defined molecular immunoadjuvants with greater formulation flexibility and adaptability, including those capable of spontaneous self-assembly behavior, while maintaining their robust immunopotentiating and delivery capabilities.
Medição da imagem de marca de Portugal enquanto destino turístico: uma aproximação metodológica mista no contexto do marketing
Creators: name: Lopes, Sérgio Dominique Ferreira
name: Varela Mallou, Jesús
name: Rial Boubeta, Antonio
name: Maia, Sancha Catarina Frazão
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2011

description: Nas últimas décadas, o turismo converteu-se num dos mais importantes motores da economia de vários países à escala mundial, nomeadamente, no caso de Portugal e Espanha. O seu peso no PIB e na criação de emprego confirmam-no como um vetor económico preponderante no desenvolvimento sustentável de Portugal. Em consequência, pautar-se por um enfoque de Marketing Turístico surge como um paradigma partilhado por alguns dos líderes turísticos mundiais, como os EUA, França ou Espanha. Por conseguinte, a imagem de marca de um destino turístico representa um dos mais relevantes ativos na gestão turística. Com este artigo pretende-se ilustrar as vantagens associadas à aplicação de uma metodologia mista na análise da imagem de marca de um destino turístico. Os resultados obtidos indicam que Portugal se distingue dos demais destinos pela Gastronomia única, Preços acessíveis e Caráter aberto do seu povo. Em definitivo, os resultados permitem aos responsáveis pela gestão turística de Portugal conhecer as perceções específicas que os turistas espanhóis têm de Portugal.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 16 (2011)
The Two-Piece Normal, Binormal, or Double Gaussian Distribution: Its Origin and Rediscoveries
Creators: name: Wallis, Kenneth F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper traces the history of the two-piece normal distribution from its origin in the posthumous Kollektivmasslehre (1897) of Gustav Theodor Fechner to its rediscoveries and generalisations. The denial of Fechner's originality by Karl Pearson, reiterated a century later by Oscar Sheynin, is shown to be without foundation.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-STS417 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
A Disease Control-Oriented Land Cover Land Use Map for Myanmar
Creators: name: Chen, Dong
name: Shevade, Varada
name: Baer, Allison
name: He, Jiaying
name: Hoffman-Hall, Amanda
name: Ying, Qing
name: Li, Yao
name: Loboda, Tatiana V.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: remote sensing
public health
infectious disease
malaria
Myanmar
land cover/land use map
landsat

description: Malaria is a serious infectious disease that leads to massive casualties globally. Myanmar is a key battleground for the global fight against malaria because it is where the emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites has been documented. Controlling the spread of malaria in Myanmar thus carries global significance, because the failure to do so would lead to devastating consequences in vast areas where malaria is prevalent in tropical/subtropical regions around the world. Thanks to its wide and consistent spatial coverage, remote sensing has become increasingly used in the public health domain. Specifically, remote sensing-based land cover/land use (LCLU) maps present a powerful tool that provides critical information on population distribution and on the potential human-vector interactions interfaces on a large spatial scale. Here, we present a 30-meter LCLU map that was created specifically for the malaria control and eradication efforts in Myanmar. This bottom-up approach can be modified and customized to other vector-borne infectious diseases in Myanmar or other Southeastern Asian countries.
Estratégia de desenvolvimento turístico da Serra da Estrela
Creators: name: Salgado, Manuel António Brites
name: Leitão, Maria Lúcia
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2011

description: Os produtos turísticos são relativamente diversificados em Portugal e potenciadores de estratégias de desenvolvimento sustentável a nível regional. Neste âmbito, revela-se a necessidade de implementar uma inventariação rigorosa dos recursos endógenos com vista ao seu conhecimento. No seguimento desse estudo, é importante a definição dos recursos turísticos que podem determinar a vocação e a imagem turística de cada região e, assim, promover o desenvolvimento de novos produtos turísticos de excelência, funcionando como verdadeiros dinamizadores das políticas e das estratégias sectoriais do turismo, sobretudo projetando essa dinâmica a nível regional. Neste preciso âmbito pretende-se refletir sobre o potencial de diversos produtos turísticos emergentes no Pólo de Desenvolvimento Turístico da Serra da Estrela, com vista a atingir a desejada estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável da Região da Serra da Estrela e respetiva imagem de excelência.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 16 (2011)
Synergistic Activation of Bovine CD4+ T Cells by Neutrophils and IL-12
Creators: name: Xiao, Zhengguo
name: Kandel, Anmol
name: Li, Lei
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: cattle
CD4+ T cells
neutrophils
CD28
IL-12
three signals
activation

description: CD4+ T cell activation requires inflammatory cytokines to provide a third signal (3SI), such as interleukin-12 (IL-12). We recently reported that bovine neutrophils can enhance the activation of bovine CD4+ T cells. To explore the interactions between neutrophils and third signal cytokines in bovine CD4+ T cell activation, naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from cattle lymph nodes and stimulated for 3.5 days with anti-bovine CD3 (first signal; 1SI), anti-bovine CD28 (second signal; 2SI), and recombinant human IL-12 (3SI) in the presence or absence of neutrophils harvested from the same animals. Indeed, the strongest activation was achieved in the presence of all three signals, as demonstrated by CD25 upregulation, IFNγ production in CD4+ T cells, and secretion of IFNγ and IL-2 in cell supernatants. More importantly, 1SI plus neutrophils led to enhanced CD25 expression that was further increased by IL-12, suggesting synergistic action by IL-12 and neutrophils. Consistently, neutrophils significantly increased IFNγ production in 1SI plus IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells. Our data suggest the synergy of neutrophils and IL-12 as a novel regulator on bovine CD4+ T cell activation in addition to three signals. This knowledge could assist the development of immune interventions for the control of infectious diseases in cattle.
Abnormal Superfluid Fraction of Harmonically Trapped Few-Fermion Systems
Creators: name: Yan, Yangqian
name: Blume, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superfluidity is a fascinating phenomenon that, at the macroscopic scale, leads to dissipationless flow and the emergence of vortices. While these macroscopic manifestations of superfluidity are well described by theories that have their origin in Landau's two-fluid model, our microscopic understanding of superfluidity is far from complete. Using analytical and numerical \textit{ab initio} approaches, this paper determines the superfluid fraction and local superfluid density of small harmonically trapped two-component Fermi gases as a function of the interaction strength and temperature. At low temperature, we find that the superfluid fraction is, in certain regions of the parameter space, negative. This counterintuitive finding is traced back to the symmetry of the system's ground state wave function, which gives rise to a diverging quantum moment of inertia $I_{\text{q}}$. Analogous abnormal behavior of $I_{\text{q}}$ has been observed in even-odd nuclei at low temperature. Our predictions can be tested in modern cold atom experiments.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
As alterações climáticas e os incêndios florestais: potenciais impactes na procura turística do Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros
Creators: name: Dinis, Gorete
name: Carvalho, Anabela
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2011

description: As características naturais de um destino são um dos principais elementos da sua atratividade turística e um fator de grande influência na tomada de decisão e escolha de um destino de férias. Assim sendo, torna-se imperativo conhecer o impacte que os incêndios florestais podem provocar, em cenário de alteração climática, nesses elementos e consequentemente na procura turística de um destino. Os territórios da rede nacional de áreas protegidas possuem valores naturais, paisagísticos e culturais de grande importância e unicidade, fatores que tem conduzido a um aumento da procura destes espaços para usufruto do ambiente natural e prática de atividades ligadas à natureza e ao património cultural. Este artigo procura mostrar o potencial impacte dos incêndios florestais previstos em cenário de alteração climática para os distritos de Leiria e Santarém e a sua influência na procura turística do Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros (PNSAC). A análise efetuada permitiu concluir que em cenário de alteração climática os distritos abrangidos pelo PNSAC apresentarão um aumento no índice de risco de incêndio, o que significa que poderão ocorrer mais incêndios e com efeitos mais devastadores, provocando uma degradação da paisagem e dos ecossistemas naturais, o que poderá influenciar a procura turística destas áreas naturais, principalmente no segmento de turismo de natureza.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 16 (2011)
Structural and Biophysical Characterization of the HCV E1E2 Heterodimer for Vaccine Development
Creators: name: Toth, Eric A.
name: Chagas, Andrezza
name: Pierce, Brian G.
name: Fuerst, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: hepatitis C virus (HCV)
envelope glycoproteins
E1
E2
E1E2 glycoprotein complex
secreted E1E2
protein expression
protein purification
biophysical characterization
vaccine design

description: An effective vaccine for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major unmet medical and public health need, and it requires an antigen that elicits immune responses to multiple key conserved epitopes. Decades of research have generated a number of vaccine candidates; based on these data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice. One bottleneck in the development of an E1E2-based vaccine is that the antigen is challenging to produce in large quantities and at high levels of purity and antigenic/functional integrity. This review describes the production and characterization of E1E2-based vaccine antigens, both membrane-associated and a novel secreted form of E1E2, with a particular emphasis on the major challenges facing the field and how those challenges can be addressed.
Deterministically Driven Avalanche Models of Solar Flares
Creators: name: Strugarek, Antoine
name: Charbonneau, Paul
name: Joseph, Richard
name: Pirot, Dorian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop and discuss the properties of a new class of lattice-based avalanche models of solar flares. These models are readily amenable to a relatively unambiguous physical interpretation in terms of slow twisting of a coronal loop. They share similarities with other avalanche models, such as the classical stick--slip self-organized critical model of earthquakes, in that they are driven globally by a fully deterministic energy loading process. The model design leads to a systematic deficit of small scale avalanches. In some portions of model space, mid-size and large avalanching behavior is scale-free, being characterized by event size distributions that have the form of power-laws with index values, which, in some parameter regimes, compare favorably to those inferred from solar EUV and X-ray flare data. For models using conservative or near-conservative redistribution rules, a population of large, quasiperiodic avalanches can also appear. Although without direct counterparts in the observational global statistics of flare energy release, this latter behavior may be relevant to recurrent flaring in individual coronal loops. This class of models could provide a basis for the prediction of large solar flares.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Solar Physics