Onycholyda atra Shinohara & Wei, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Shinohara, Akihiko
name: Wei, Mei-Cai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pamphiliidae
Onycholyda
Onycholyda atra

description: Onycholyda atra Shinohara & Wei, sp. nov.
(Figs 1, 2)
Onycholyda armata: Shinohara & Xiao, 2006: 286. Not Maa, 1949.
Description. Female. Holotype (Fig. 1 A). Length about 9 mm. Head black, with paired spots on frons, interocellar crest and broad postocular stripe pale yellow (Fig. 1 D). Mouth parts mostly blackish; palpi partly dirty pale brown; mandible with outer margin pale yellow, apical half pale brown and edge ferruginous. Antenna black. Thorax black with narrow posterior dorsal margin of pronotum (medially broadly interrupted), tegula, mesoscutellum (except for anterior corner) and metascutellum pale yellow. Wings faintly stained with dark brown; veins and stigma blackish brown to black, except for pale brown veins C and Sc, part of veins in basal part of wings, and extreme base of stigma. Legs pale yellow, with coxae and trochanters (except for apices) black. Abdomen black.
Upper frons below ocelli convex, without distinct notch medially; ocellar basin deep, triangular in outline, with anterolateral extension not reaching (or nearly reaching) antennal furrow; median fovea indistinct; clypeus divided medially by rather sharply carinate frontoclypeal crest, each half shallowly concave anterolaterally; facial crest rather strongly inflated and very bluntly carinate. Head generally smooth; vertex, including postocellar area, with few punctures anteriorly and rather densely punctate posteriorly; transverse area between dorsal parts of eyes, including frons, ocellar area and facial crests, shallowly rugose; clypeus shallowly rugose with small punctures along anterior margin; gena roughly rugose and punctate. Right mandible (Fig. 1 G) tridentate, with incision between apical and median teeth much wider but shallower than incision between median and basal teeth; left one (Fig. 1 F) tridentate, with distinct median tooth. Both antennae with 28 antennomeres; 1st flagellomere about 2.3× length of 2nd. Sawsheath (Fig. 1 H) with long, cylindrical appendage.
Male. Paratopotype (Fig. 1 C). Length about 8.5 mm. Head black, with all frontal surface before level of facial crest and malar space yellow; frons with obscure black spot medially (Fig. 1 E); setiferous pit in anterior malar space with black spot ventrally. Mouth parts as in female. Antenna with scape and base of pedicel pale yellow; scape with obscure elongate black spot on outer dorsal surface; flagellum blackish brown to black. Thorax black with very narrow dorsal lateral corner of pronotum, tegula, mesoscutellum (except for anterior corner) and metascutellum pale yellow. Wings and legs as in female. Abdomen black with posterior margins of sterna very narrowly pale yellow.
Head generally similar to other Onycholyda males. Upper frons below ocelli very strongly convex, without distinct notch medially; ocellar basin deep, triangular in outline, with anterolateral extension nearly reaching antennal furrow; median fovea indistinct; frontoclypeal crest sharply carinate throughout, dividing clypeus into distinctly concave halves; facial crest very strongly convex and sharply carinate; clypeus with anterior margin roundly thickened; lateral part of clypeus and paraantennal field shallowly rugose and glabrous; gena roughly punctate and pilose; area between facial crest and transverse and lateral transverse sutures coriaceous; other parts of head generally smooth, sparsely punctate. Mandibles as in female. Left antenna with 27 antennomeres and right one with 26 antennomeres; 1st flagellomere about 1.7× length of 2nd. Subgenital plate with posterior margin rounded at apex. Genitalia as in Fig. 2.
Variation. Female: Length ranges from 9.0 to 10.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus sometimes has a small obscure brownish spot at middle. Posterior margins of the abdominal sterna are often very narrowly pale yellow. The antennae of seven specimens measured have 26 to 29 antennomeres, with the 1st flagellomere about 2.2 or 2.3 times as long as the 2nd. Male: Length ranges from 8.5 to 10.5 mm. The median blackish spot on the frons is sometimes missing. The blackish spot on the antennal scape is sometimes mostly missing. Dorsal lateral corner of the pronotum is sometimes almost entirely black. The antennae of 11 specimens measured have 26 to 28 antennomeres, with the 1st flagellomere about 1.7 to 2.0 times as long as the 2nd.
Specimens examined. Holotype: ♀, Xianrending, 1443 m, E119°25’25’’ N30°20’58’’, Tianmushan, 14. IV. 2014, T. Liu & X.-J. Yu (CSCS). Paratypes: Zhejiang Province: 1♀, “Xitianmushan, 1980-V-6, Li Fasheng, 500– 1000 m ” “ Holotype ” “ Onycholyda tianmunica Wei [unpublished name], Det. M. Wei, 1996-7 ♀” (CSCS); 1♀, “Xitianmushan, Laodian-Xianrending 1250–1547 m, 1988. V. 17–18, 884 569, Fan Jinjiang” “ Onycholyda tianmunica W., Det. M. Wei, 1996. V.” (CSCS); 2♂, Kaishan Laodian, 1150 m, Tianmushan, 10. IV. 2014, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♀ 8♂, same data but 14. IV. 2014 (NSMT); 2♀ 4♂, same data but 15. IV. 2014 (NSMT); 1♂, Kaishan Laodian, 1142 m, E119°26’05’’ N30°20’33’’, Tianmushan, 10. IV. 2014, H.-Y. Nie & P. Hu (CSCS); 3♂, Xianrending, 1443 m, E119°25’25’’ N30°20’58’’, Tianmushan, 14. IV. 2014, H.-Y. Nie & P. Hu (CSCS); 3♂, same data but T. Liu & X.-J. Yu (CSCS); 5♀ 5♂, “Longquan, Fengyangshan, Shangyuqiao, Alt. 1638 m, N. 27°53.064' E.119°10.436', 2009. iv. 23, Nie Shuai-Guo” (CSCS); 4♀ 1♂, same data but Li Ze-Jian (CSCS); 1♀, same data but Zhao Fu (CSCS).
Distribution. China (Zhejiang).
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the mostly black coloration of the new species.
Host plant. Rosaceae: Rubus peltatus Maxim. At Kaishan Laodian, Tianmushan, Shinohara observed oviposition of this sawfly on the underside of a leaf of this plant.
Remarks. This new species belongs to the O. amplecta group defined by Shinohara (2002) and closely resembles three Japanese species, O. minomalis (Takeuchi, 1930), O. similis Shinohara, 1987, and O. yezoensis Shinohara, 1987. It is peculiar among the known Chinese species of Onycholyda in its almost entirely black abdomen without orange areas. All the known Chinese species, except for O. armata (Maa, 1949), have the abdomen more or less marked with orange. Shinohara & Xiao (2006) examined two poorly preserved females of O. atra from Xitianmushan and misidentified them as O. armata. Onycholyda armata should be excluded from the list of Zhejiang sawflies. Onycholyda armata belongs to the O. kumamotonis complex of the O. luteicornis group defined by Shinohara (2002). In the female, O. armata is similar to O. atra, but the male of O. armata differs from that of O. atra in having a narrow cup-shaped depressed area in the middle of clypeus (Shinohara & Beneš 1988).
In Shinohara & Lelej’s (2007) key to the Onycholyda species of the Russian Far East, the female of this new species runs to the couplet 5, which contains O. armata and O. yezoensis. In O. atra, there is no pale spot on or behind the facial crest, the trochantelli are entirely pale yellow and the posterior margins of the abdominal sterna are very narrowly yellow or entirely black, whereas there is a pale spot on or behind the facial crest and the posterior margins of the abdominal sterna are broadly yellow in O. armata and the trochantelli are marked with black in O. yezoensis. In Shinohara’s (1985a, 1987) keys to the Japanese species, the female of O. atra may run to couplet 5, which includes O. moriutii Shinohara, 1985, and the section “A” (p. 498, Shinohara 1987, containing O. minomalis, O. similis and O. yezoensis). The new species differs from O. moriutii in having the clypeus entirely or almost entirely black and not very smooth. From the three species in the section “A”, O. atra is distinguished by the almost entirely black stigma and the entirely pale yellow trochantelli of all legs.
The male of O. atra may key to O. yezoensis in Shinohara & Lelej (2007) and O. tenuis (Takeuchi, 1938) in Shinohara (1985a, 1987). Onycholyda yezoensis is usually smaller (length 7–9 mm) and has the stigma with basal 1/4 pale yellow. Even darkest males of the dark form of O. tenuis from western Honshu, Japan (Shinohara 1985b) have the hind trochanter mostly or entirely pale yellow and the abdominal segments 3–5 ventrally obscurely reddish. The black area in the ventral part of the setiferous pit in the anterior malar space is always fused with the black area on the gena in O. tenuis.
description: Published as part of Shinohara, Akihiko & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2016, Leaf-rolling sawflies (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae, Pamphiliinae) of Tianmushan Mountains, Zhejiang Province, China, pp. 301-318 in Zootaxa 4072 (3) on pages 302-305, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266180