cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Solution and crystalline state photochemistry of 2,3-diacyl-substituted benzobarrelenes
Creators: name: Yap, Melvin Peng-Kwun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A series of 2,3-diacyl-substituted benzobarrelenes was synthesized and their photochemistry investigated in the crystalline state and in solution media. The differences in photoreactivity and product selectivity between these compounds in the two phases were determined, and structure- reactivity correlations were established based on X-ray crystallographic data. The photochemistry of the title series is multiplicity-dependent; benzocyclooctatetraene is formed through the singlet excited state and benzosemibullvalenes are products of the triplet excited state. Regioisomeric benzosemibullvalenes are derived from the different "di-TT-me thane" rearrangement pathways taken. Solution phase, triplet-state photoisomerizations of a number of symmetrically disubstituted benzobarrelenes gave two benzosemibullvalenes1,2- disubstituted and 2a,6c-disubstituted. Selectivity is controlled predominantly by electronic effects. The use of a benzoyl substituent as one of the acyl groups enhances intersystem crossing, thereby enabling the substrate to achieve the triplet excited state through direct irradiation. Photolyses of several unsymmetrical benzoyl/ester benzobarrelenes in the solid state gave strikingly unusual regioselectivities between the 1,2-disubstituted and the 2a,5c-disubstituted products. The presence of specific lattice interactions was determined to be the major factor responsible; electronic effects were shown to play a much less significant role. Photochemical investigation of the benzoyl/methyl ester system was also conducted in polymer matrix media to show variation in product selectivity. Ammonium and metal ion salts of benzobarrelene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid were photolyzed in solution and the crystalline phase; their triplet product selectivities were recorded to further support the dominance of specific lattice interaction effects over electronic effects. Discovery of a rare "tri-TT-methane" rearrangement in some dibenzobarrelenes prompted the design and synthesis of dimethyl 1,4-dihydro1,4,5,8- tetramethyl-1,4-ethenonaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylate. This successfully underwent the tri-TT-methane rearrangement in both solution and solid states. The novel selectivity was rationalized in terms of intramolecular steric effects rather than on the basis of electronic stabilizing effects. Many benzosemibullvalene photoproducts were found to undergo [1,3] shifts from a secondary photolysis; coincidentally, these rearrangements lead to regioisomeric benzosemibullvalenes. As a result, many exist in unusual photostationary states. It was found that benzosemibullvalenes require a carbonyl substituent adjacent to the bond cleaved in order for the [1,3] shift reaction to take place.
Differentiable Deconvolution for Improved Stroke Perfusion Analysis
Creators: name: de la Rosa, Ezequiel
name: Robben, David
name: Sima, Diana M.
name: Kirschke, Jan S.
name: Menze, Bjoern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Perfusion imaging is the current gold standard for acute ischemic stroke analysis. It allows quantification of the salvageable and non-salvageable tissue regions (penumbra and core areas respectively). In clinical settings, the singular value decomposition (SVD) deconvolution is one of the most accepted and used approaches for generating interpretable and physically meaningful maps. Though this method has been widely validated in experimental and clinical settings, it might produce suboptimal results because the chosen inputs to the model cannot guarantee optimal performance. For the most critical input, the arterial input function (AIF), it is still controversial how and where it should be chosen even though the method is very sensitive to this input. In this work we propose an AIF selection approach that is optimized for maximal core lesion segmentation performance. The AIF is regressed by a neural network optimized through a differentiable SVD deconvolution, aiming to maximize core lesion segmentation agreement with ground truth data. To our knowledge, this is the first work exploiting a differentiable deconvolution model with neural networks. We show that our approach is able to generate AIFs without any manual annotation, and hence avoiding manual rater's influences. The method achieves manual expert performance in the ISLES18 dataset. We conclude that the methodology opens new possibilities for improving perfusion imaging quantification with deep neural networks.
description: Accepted at MICCAI 2020
Efficient algorithm for multi-qudit twirling for ensemble quantum computation
Creators: name: Toth, Geza
name: Garcia-Ripoll, Juan Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient algorithm for twirling a multi-qudit quantum state. The algorithm can be used for approximating the twirling operation in an ensemble of physical systems in which the systems cannot be individually accessed. It can also be used for computing the twirled density matrix on a classical computer. The method is based on a simple non-unitary operation involving a random unitary. When applying this basic building block iteratively, the mean squared error of the approximation decays exponentially. In contrast, when averaging over random unitary matrices the error decreases only algebraically. We present evidence that the unitaries in our algorithm can come from a very imperfect random source or can even be chosen deterministically from a set of cyclically alternating matrices. Based on these ideas we present a quantum circuit realizing twirling efficiently.
description: 11 pages including 6 figures, revtex4; v2: presentation improved, sections VI and VII added; v3: small changes before publication
Flavor changing effects on single charged Higgs boson production associated with a bottom-charm pair at CERN Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Hao, Sun
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Ren-You, Zhang
name: Lei, Guo
name: Liang, Han
name: Yi, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study flavor changing effects on the \ppbchT process at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC), which are inspired by the left-handed up-type squark mixings in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model(MSSM). We find that the SUSY QCD radiative corrections to $bcH^\pm$ coupling can significantly enhance the cross sections at the tree-level by a factor about $1.5 \sim 5$ with our choice of parameters. We conclude that the squark mixing mechanism in the MSSM makes the \ppbchT process a new channel for discovering a charged Higgs boson and investigating flavor changing effects.
description: One Latex file, 27 pages, 8 figures,to be appeared in PRD
Additional file 1 of The integrative force of political institutions? Direct democracy and voter turnout across ethnic and nativity groups
Creators: name: Manatschal, Anita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure OA1. Average yearly use of direct democracy (initiatives and referendums) in US states. Table OA1. Variables, operationalization, and data sources. Table OA2. Interaction models for different ethnic and nativity groups. Table OA3. Direct democratic ballots on immigrants, 1999–2010. Table OA4. Immigrant-related direct democratic ballots. Table OA5. Direct democratic institutions. Table OA6. Presidential election years. Supplement OA1. Causality concerns. Table OA7. Instrumental variable approach. Table OA8. Heckman selection model for first generation immigrants.
Canonical Coset Parameterization and the Bures Metric of the Three-level Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Akhtarshenas, S. Javad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit parameterization for the state space of an $n$-level density matrix is given. The parameterization is based on the canonical coset decomposition of unitary matrices. We also compute, explicitly, the Bures metric tensor over the state space of two- and three-level quantum systems.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, typos fixed, references added
Particle Radial Distribution Function and Relative Velocity Measurement in Turbulence at Small Particle-Pair Separations
Creators: name: Hammond, Adam L.
name: Meng, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collision rate of particles suspended in turbulent flow is critical to particle agglomeration and droplet coalescence. The collision kernel can be evaluated by the radial distribution function (RDF) and radial relative velocity (RV) between particles at small separations $r$. Previously, the smallest $r$ was limited to roughly the Kolmogorov length $η$ due to particle position uncertainty and image overlap. We report a new approach to measure RDF and RV near contact ($r/a\: \approx$ 2.07, $a$ particle radius) overcoming these limitations. Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry using four-pulse Shake-the-Box algorithm recorded short particle tracks with the interpolated midpoints registered as particle positions to avoid image overlap. This strategy further allows removal of mismatched tracks using their characteristic false RV. We measured RDF and RV in a one-meter-diameter isotropic turbulence chamber with Taylor Reynolds number $Re_λ=324$ with particles of 12-16 $μ$m radius and Stokes number $\approx$ 0.7. While at large $r$ the measured RV agrees with the literature, when $r<20η$ the first moment of negative RV is 10 times higher than direct numerical simulations of non-interacting particles. Likewise, when $r>η$, RDF scales as $r^{-0.39}$ reflecting RDF scaling for polydisperse particles in the literature , but when $r\lessapproxη$ RDF scales as $r^{-6}$, yielding 1000 times higher near-contact RDF than simulations. Such extreme clustering and relative velocity enhancement can be attributed to particle-particle interactions. Uncertainty analysis substantiates the observed trends. This first-ever simultaneous RDF and RV measurement at small separations provides a clear glimpse into the clustering and relative velocities of particles in turbulence near-contact.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Under review in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Rare Decay of the Top t->c l lbar and Single Top Production at International Linear Collider
Creators: name: Frank, Mariana
name: Turan, Ismail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a complete and detailed analysis of the flavor changing neutral current rare top quark decays t-> cl+l- and t->c nu_i bar nu_i at one-loop level in the Standard Model, Two Higgs Doublet Models (I and II) and in MSSM. The branching ratios are very small in all models, O(10^-14), except for the case of the unconstrained MSSM, where they can reach O(10^-6) for e+e- and nu_i bar nu_i, and O(10^-5) for tau+ tau-. This branching ratio is comparable to the ones for t-> c V, cH. We also study the production rates of single top and the forward-backward asymmetry in e+e- -> t cbar and comment on the observability of such a signal at the International Linear Collider.
description: 32 pages and 18 figures, minor clarification in the text, references added. To be published in Phys. Rev. D
Generalised Mertens and Brauer-Siegel Theorems
Creators: name: Lebacque, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G25, 11M38, 11R42, 11R45

description: In this article, we prove a generalisation of the Mertens theorem for prime numbers to number fields and algebraic varieties over finite fields, paying attention to the genus of the field (or the Betti numbers of the variety), in order to make it tend to infinity and thus to point out the link between it and the famous Brauer-Siegel theorem. Using this we deduce an explicit version of the generalised Brauer-Siegel theorem under GRH, and a unified proof of this theorem for asymptotically exact families of almost normal number fields.
Levitation, oscillations, and wave propagation in a stratified fluid
Creators: name: Carpineti, Marina
name: Croccolo, Fabrizio
name: Vailati, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an engaging levitation experiment that students can perform at home or in a simple laboratory using everyday objects. A cork, modified to be slightly denser than water, is placed in a jug containing tap water and coarse kitchen salt delivered at the bottom without stirring. The salt gradually diffuses and determines a stable density stratification of water, the bottom layers being denser than the top ones. During the dissolution of salt, the cork slowly rises at an increasing height, where at any instant its density is balanced by that of the surrounding water. If the cork is gently pushed off its temporary equilibrium position, it experiences a restoring force and starts to oscillate. Students can perform many different measurements of the phenomena involved and tackle non-trivial physical issues related to the behaviour of a macroscopic body immersed in a stratified fluid. Despite its simplicity, this experiment allows to introduce various theoretical concepts of relevance for the physics of the atmosphere and stars and offers students the opportunity of getting acquainted with a simple system that can serve as a model to understand complex phenomena such as oscillations at the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and the propagation of internal gravity waves in a stratified medium.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, submitted to European Journal of Physics
XPS studies of adhesion at organosilane/aluminum interfaces
Creators: name: Leung, Yin-Ling
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: The work in this thesis deals with silane to aluminum adhesion. Angular dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ADXPS) with the bias potential technique is used for the first time to probe silane/aluminum interfaces, the investigation aims to find evidence of direct chemical bonding between the two materials. 7074-T6 aluminum alloy panels are subjected to two surface pre treatments: degreasing treatment and chemical etching treatment which affect exposure of the Al oxide above the metal. Uppermost, though, is a carbon layer. ADXPS measurements show that the surfaces formed from these two treatments have different morphologies: one has continuous carbon and the other has carbon in patchy form. These different morphologies give different behavior in the adhesion. The organosilanes y-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (y-GPS), y-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (Y-APS), and ymercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (y-MGPS) were deposited on to the Al panels, and ADXPS was used to characterize the interfaces, as well as the orientations of the organofunctional groups. The combination of ADXPS and the new negative biasing potential technique, proposed by Pertsin and Pashunin, showed the presence of an extra peak in the Al2p spectra for y-GPS and y-MGPS deposited on to chemically etched aluminum. This extra structure may indicate that direct Al-O-Si bonding occurs between these silanes and the aluminum oxide. No significant change for the Al2p peak is found when y-GPS is deposited on degreased aluminum. That indicates that the continuous carbonaceous overlayer limits the interaction between the silane and the degreased aluminum, while the patchy carbonaceous overlayer provides some carbon-free aluminum oxide for interaction with the silane. By contrast, y-APS shows no evidence for direct chemical bonding with aluminum in either acidic medium (pH=3.0) or alkaline medium (pH=10.4). The structures of the y-APS films deduced from the ADXPS measurements explain this aspect: in both these cases the sSi-OH ends cannot approach the Al-OH groups on the metal surface, so no direct interaction takes place.
iCurb: Imitation Learning-based Detection of Road Curbs using Aerial Images for Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Xu, Zhenhua
name: Sun, Yuxiang
name: Liu, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection of road curbs is an essential capability for autonomous driving. It can be used for autonomous vehicles to determine drivable areas on roads. Usually, road curbs are detected on-line using vehicle-mounted sensors, such as video cameras and 3-D Lidars. However, on-line detection using video cameras may suffer from challenging illumination conditions, and Lidar-based approaches may be difficult to detect far-away road curbs due to the sparsity issue of point clouds. In recent years, aerial images are becoming more and more worldwide available. We find that the visual appearances between road areas and off-road areas are usually different in aerial images, so we propose a novel solution to detect road curbs off-line using aerial images. The input to our method is an aerial image, and the output is directly a graph (i.e., vertices and edges) representing road curbs. To this end, we formulate the problem as an imitation learning problem, and design a novel network and an innovative training strategy to train an agent to iteratively find the road-curb graph. The experimental results on a public dataset confirm the effectiveness and superiority of our method. This work is accompanied with a demonstration video and a supplementary document at https://tonyxuqaq.github.io/iCurb/.
Zero-energy modes in super-chiral nanographene networks of phenalenyl-tessellation molecules
Creators: name: Morishita, Naoki
name: Kusakabe, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived a general rule for the appearance of zero-energy modes in super-chiral defective nanographene. This so-called "super-zero-sum rule" defines the appearance of zero modes in a new class of materials, which we call polymerized phenalenyl-tessellation molecules (poly-PTMs). Through theoretical modeling of the electronic states in these molecular forms, we provide concrete solutions for achieving the quantum-spin systems needed in quantum-information devices. The two-dimensional graph of electronic $π$-orbitals in the poly-PTM possesses a number of localized zero modes equivalent to that of vacancies in PTMs. In addition to the modes confined to each PTM, another type of zero mode may appear according to the super-zero-sum rule supported by super-chirality. Since the magnetic interactions among quantum spins in the zero modes are determined by how they appear (which is governed by the super-zero-sum rule), our rule is indispensable for designing quantum-information devices using electron zero modes in poly-aromatic hydrocarbons and defective graphene with vacancies.
Reducible Stueckelberg symmetry and dualities
Creators: name: Abakumova, V. A.
name: Lyakhovich, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general procedure for iterative inclusion of Stueckelberg fields to convert the theory into gauge system being equivalent to the original one. In so doing, we admit reducibility of the Stueckelberg gauge symmetry. In this case, no pairing exists between Stueckelberg fields and gauge parameters, unlike the irreducible Stueckelberg symmetry. The general procedure is exemplified by the case of Proca model, with the third order involutive closure chosen as the starting point. In this case, the set of Stueckelberg fields includes, besides the scalar, also the second rank antisymmetric tensor. The reducible Stueckelberg gauge symmetry is shown to admit different gauge fixing conditions. One of the gauges reproduces the original Proca theory, while another one excludes the original vector and the Stueckelberg scalar. In this gauge, the irreducible massive spin one is represented by antisymmetric second rank tensor obeying the third order field equations. Similar dual formulations are expected to exist for the fields of various spins.
description: 15 pages
Ο συγγραφέας και δημοσιογράφος Ντίνο Μπουτζάτι: ανάμεσα στη λογοτεχνία του φανταστικού και τον ρεαλισμό
Creators: name: Γιάννου, Ευαγγελία Χρ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2009
Subjects: Ντίνο Μπουτζάτι
Ιταλική λογοτεχνία 20ου αιώνα
Ρεαλισμός και φαντασία
Δημοσιογραφία και λογοτεχνία
Λογοτεχνία του φανταστικού
Dino Buzzati
Italian literature (20th century)
Realism and the fantastic
Journalism and literature
Literature of the fantastic

description: Ο Ντίνο Μπουτζάτι υπήρξε ένας από τους σημαντικότερους εκπροσώπους της λογοτεχνίας του φανταστικού στην Ιταλία του 20ού αιώνα. Δημοσιογράφος και λογοτέχνης, ποιητής, ζωγράφος και θεατρικός συγγραφέας, κατάφερε να ενώσει όλες αυτές τις μορφές της τέχνης με μοναδικό στόχο να αφηγηθεί ιστορίες. Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι να εντρυφήσει στη σχέση ρεαλισμού και φαντασίας, στα έργα του συγγραφέα, αναλύοντας άρθρα του Μπουτζάτι από το αστυνομικό ρεπορτάζ και λογοτεχνικά κείμενα που εμπνέονται θεματικά και υφολογικά από αυτό. Παράλληλα μελετάται το στοιχείο του φανταστικού στο έργο του συνολικά, με έμφαση στις τεχνικές τις οποίες αντλεί από το είδος αυτό, έτσι ώστε να γράψει τις δικές του ιστορίες. Συμπερασματικά, ρεαλισμός και φαντασία συγχωνεύονται με τρόπο φυσικό στα γραπτά του, ενώ η πραγματικότητα και η επικαιρότητα αποτελούν τη βάση και την αφορμή ώστε να οδηγηθεί ο συγγραφέας στο φανταστικό. Επίσης, η διάκριση δημοσιογραφίας και λογοτεχνίας αποδεικνύεται χωρίς νόημα στην περίπτωση του Μπουτζάτι, καθώς η «μόλυνση» ανάμεσα στους δύο αυτούς τρόπους έκφρασης είναι ιδιαίτερα εμφανής.
description: Dino Buzzati was one of the most important writers of the fantastic in literature in 20th century Italy. As a journalist, literature writer, poet, painter and theatrical writer, he managed to combine all these art forms, in his creations as story-teller. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the relation between the fantastic and the realistic in Buzzati’s work, by analyzing his criminal reportage articles and his narrations inspired by and based (both in subject and style) on these articles. At the same time, this project studies the fantastic element in the whole of Buzzati’s work, emphasizing the specific techniques of the literature of the fantastic he uses in his own stories. As a conclusion, realism and fantasy merge naturally in Buzzati’s writings; he stands firmly on the reality of everyday events, wherefrom he gets his inspiration to launch himself into the world of the fantastic. Literature and reportage merge seamlessly, “polluting” one another, and become indistinguishable
Robert's Farm of Ideas: 8 -- open database on biomolecule thermodynamics
Creators: name: Giessmann, Robert T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: thermodynamics
open database
community formation
literature review
biocuration
curation
biomolecules
enzyme-catalyzed reactions
database

description: We should create an open database for the thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions (and other metabolism relevant thermodynamic data) .
description: Development is happening here: https://github.com/roberts-farm-of-ideas/8
Additional file 1 of Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Xiang, Lin
name: Jin, Shuai
name: Yu, Yang
name: Wang, Dengfeng
name: Chen, Hao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Robert's Farm of Ideas: 3 -- thermodynamic cycles of metabolism
Creators: name: Giessmann, Robert T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: metabolism
metabolic network
metabolic pathways
biochemical pathways
thermodynamics
thermodynamic cycle
graph
linear dependent
chemical reaction network
row echelon form

description: Finding thermodynamic cycles in the metabolism .
description: Development is happening here: https://github.com/roberts-farm-of-ideas/3
Metastable states in plateaus and multi-wave epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 spreading in Italy
Creators: name: Campi, Gaetano
name: Mazziotti, Maria Vittoria
name: Valletta, Antonio
name: Ravagnan, Giampietro
name: Marcelli, Augusto
name: Perali, Andrea
name: Bianconi, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The control of Covid 19 epidemics by public health policy in Italy during the first and the second epidemic waves has been driven by using reproductive number Rt(t) to identify the supercritical (percolative), the subcritical (arrested), separated by the critical regime. Here we show that to quantify the Covid-19 spreading rate with containment measures (CSRwCM) there is a need of a 3D expanded parameter space phase diagram built by the combination of Rt(t) and doubling time Td(t). In this space we identify the dynamics of the Covid-19 dynamics Italy and its administrative Regions. The supercritical regime is mathematically characterized by i) the power law of Td vs. [Rt(t)-1] and ii) the exponential behaviour of Td vs. time, either in the first and in the second wave. The novel 3D phase diagram shows clearly metastable states appearing before and after the second wave critical regime. for loosening quarantine and tracing of actives cases. The metastable states are precursors of the abrupt onset of a next nascent wave supercritical regime. This dynamic description allows epidemics predictions needed by policymakers to activate non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), a key issue for avoiding economical losses, reduce fatalities and avoid new virus variant during vaccination campaign
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Partial-Wave Analysis of Single-Pion Production Reactions
Creators: name: Arndt, R. A.
name: Briscoe, W. J.
name: Strakovsky, I. I.
name: Workman, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of our efforts to analyze pion-nucleon elastic scattering data, along with data from related photo- and electroproduction reactions, in order to study the baryon spectrum. We then focus on the Delta(1232) resonance. Fits to pion photo- and electroproduction data have been used to extract values for the R_EM = E2/M1 and R_SM = S2/M1 ratios as functions of Q^2. These results are compared to other recent determinations.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, the Shape of Hadrons Workshop Proceedings (27-29 April, 2006 Athens, Greece)
Reaching experts for enhanced referral (REFER): A modified Delphi approach with pediatric pain providers
Creators: name: Simons, Laura
name: Schemer, Lea
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The GET Living program is a multidisciplinary treatment for youth with chronic pain that involves physical therapy and pain psychology. The present project aims to contribute to the refinement of GET Living. Using a co-design approach, we invite people with lived experience as well as clinicans to share their expert opinion.
Toward Better Research Software
Creators: name: Katz, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This talk for the Xpert Network Panel on Best practices for Data-Intensive applications on 18 Feb 2021 discusses a vision for better software and better research, then explains how FAIR software helps with some of the vision, and says some of the other things beyond FAIR that are also needed to move toward the vision.
Cat-like Jumping and Landing of Legged Robots in Low-gravity Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Rudin, Nikita
name: Kolvenbach, Hendrik
name: Tsounis, Vassilios
name: Hutter, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, we show that learned policies can be applied to solve legged locomotion control tasks with extensive flight phases, such as those encountered in space exploration. Using an off-the-shelf deep reinforcement learning algorithm, we trained a neural network to control a jumping quadruped robot while solely using its limbs for attitude control. We present tasks of increasing complexity leading to a combination of three-dimensional (re-)orientation and landing locomotion behaviors of a quadruped robot traversing simulated low-gravity celestial bodies. We show that our approach easily generalizes across these tasks and successfully trains policies for each case. Using sim-to-real transfer, we deploy trained policies in the real world on the SpaceBok robot placed on an experimental testbed designed for two-dimensional micro-gravity experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that repetitive, controlled jumping and landing with natural agility is possible.
description: Published in IEEE Transactions on Robotics: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9453856 Video: https://youtu.be/KQhlZa42fe4
The structure of the Galactic halo: SDSS versus SuperCOSMOS
Creators: name: Xu, Y.
name: Deng, L. C.
name: Hu, J. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The halo structure at high Galactic latitudes near both the north and south poles is studied using SDSS and SuperCOSMOS data. For the south cap halo, the archive of the SuperCOSMOS photographic photometry sky survey is used. The coincident source rate between SuperCOSMOS data in $B_J$ band from $16^m.5$ to $20^m.5$ and SDSS data is about 92%, in a common sky area in the south. While that in the $R_F$ band is about 85% from $16^m.5$ to $19^m.5$. Transformed to the SuperCOSMOS system and downgraded to the limiting magnitudes of SuperCOSMOS, the star counts in the northern Galactic cap from SDSS show up to an $16.9\pm6.3%$ asymmetric ratio (defined as relative fluctuations over the rotational symmetry structure) in the $B_J$ band, and up to $13.5\pm6.7%$ asymmetric ratio in the $R_F$ band. From SuperCOSMOS $B_J$ and $R_F$ bands, the structure of the southern Galactic hemisphere does not show the same obvious asymmetric structures as the northern sky does in both the original and downgraded SDSS star counts. An axisymmetric halo model with n=2.8 and q=0.7 can fit the projected number density from SuperCOSMOS fairly well, with an average error of about 9.17%. By careful analysis of the difference of star counts between the downgraded SDSS northern halo data and SuperCOSMOS southern halo data, it is shown that no asymmetry can be detected in the south Galactic cap at the accuracy of SuperCOSMOS, and the Virgo overdensity is likely a foreign component in the Galactic halo.
description: 23pages,12figures,accepted by MNRAS
Anomalous Higgs Couplings in the $SO(5)\times U(1)_{B-L}$ Gauge-Higgs Unification in Warped Spacetime
Creators: name: Hosotani, Yutaka
name: Sakamura, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge couplings $WWZ$, $WWWW$, and $WWZZ$ in the gauge-Higgs unification scenario in the Randall-Sundrum warped spacetime remain almost universal as in the standard model, but substantial deviation results for the Higgs couplings. In the $SO(5)\times U(1)_{B-L}$ model, the couplings $WWH$ and $ZZH$ are suppressed by a factor $\cos θ_H$ from the values in the standard model, while the bare couplings $WWHH$ and $ZZHH$ are suppressed by a factor $1-(2/3)\sin^2 θ_H$. Here $θ_H$ is the Yang-Mills AB phase (Wilson line phase) along the fifth dimension, which characterizes the electroweak symmetry breaking. The suppression can be used to test the gauge-Higgs unification scenario at LHC and ILC. It is also shown that the $WWZ$ coupling in flat spacetime deviates from the standard model value at moderate values of $θ_H$, contradicting with the LEP2 data.
description: 34 pages, 3 eps files, published version
The Final Merger of Comparable Mass Binary Black Holes
Creators: name: Centrella, Joan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A remarkable series of breakthroughs in numerical relativity modeling of black hole binary mergers has occurred over the past few years. This paper provides a general overview of these exciting developments, focusing on recent progress in merger simulations and calculations of the resulting gravitational waveforms.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; this paper has been accepted by the conference proceedings for the Sixth International LISA Symposium, which will be published by the AIP
Millimeter Wave and Sub-Terahertz Spatial Statistical Channel Model for an Indoor Office Building
Creators: name: Ju, Shihao
name: Xing, Yunchou
name: Kanhere, Ojas
name: Rappaport, Theodore S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-Terahertz (THz) frequencies are expected to play a vital role in 6G wireless systems and beyond due to the vast available bandwidth of many tens of GHz. This paper presents an indoor 3-D spatial statistical channel model for mmWave and sub-THz frequencies based on extensive radio propagation measurements at 28 and 140 GHz conducted in an indoor office environment from 2014 to 2020. Omnidirectional and directional path loss models and channel statistics such as the number of time clusters, cluster delays, and cluster powers were derived from over 15,000 measured power delay profiles. The resulting channel statistics show that the number of time clusters follows a Poisson distribution and the number of subpaths within each cluster follows a composite exponential distribution for both LOS and NLOS environments at 28 and 140 GHz. This paper proposes a unified indoor statistical channel model for mmWave and sub-Terahertz frequencies following the mathematical framework of the previous outdoor NYUSIM channel models. A corresponding indoor channel simulator is developed, which can recreate 3-D omnidirectional, directional, and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels for arbitrary mmWave and sub-THz carrier frequency up to 150 GHz, signal bandwidth, and antenna beamwidth. The presented statistical channel model and simulator will guide future air-interface, beamforming, and transceiver designs for 6G and beyond.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables
A Foundation Theory of Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Mould, Richard A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nRules are empirical regularities that were discovered in macroscopic situations where the outcome is known. When they are projected theoretically into the microscopic domain they predict a novel ontology including the frequent collapse of an atomic wave function, thereby defining an nRule based foundation theory. Future experiments can potentially discriminate between this and other foundation theories of (non-relativistic) quantum mechanics. Important features of the nRules are: (1) they introduce probability through probability current rather than the Born rule, (2) they are valid independent of size (micro or macroscopic), (3) they apply to individual trials, not just to ensembles of trials. (4) they allow all observers to be continuously included in the system without ambiguity, (5) they account for the collapse of the wave function without introducing new or using old physical constants, and (6) in dense environments they provide a high frequency of stochastic localizations of quantum mechanical objects. Key words: measurement, stochastic choice, state reduction.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures,Trieste/Losinj Conference, 5-9 Sept. 2005
In- vs. out-group influence on social norms compliance
Creators: name: Xiaoqing Hu
name: Chen, Danni
name: Ziqing Yao
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Biological Psychology
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: People can be easily influenced by others’ opinions. However, it remains unclear whether conformity is due to public compliance or private acceptance. Here, we will investigate whether social learning (conformity) will promote public compliance and/or private acceptance.

Furthermore, given group affiliations’ important role in social learning, we will investigate how in- vs. out-group opinion will influence social conformity as evidenced by both public compliance and private acceptance.

Previous research has found inconsistent evidence whether the social influence can be long-lasting. Therefore, we will investigate if group affiliation and conformity may have long-term effects by comparing between immediate and 1-week delayed tests.

We plan to examine both behavioral and electrophysiological activities. We clearly distinguish between social learning processes and the aftereffect of social learning. We aim to unravel how learning processes unfold during social conformity, and the aftereffects of social conformity.
Conserving Gapless Mean-Field Theory for Weakly Interacting Bose Gases
Creators: name: Kita, Takafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a conserving gapless mean-field theory for weakly interacting Bose gases. We first construct a mean-field Luttinger-Ward thermodynamic functional in terms of the condensate wave function $Ψ$ and the Nambu Green's function $\hat{G}$ for the quasiparticle field. Imposing its stationarity respect to $Ψ$ and $\hat{G}$ yields a set of equations to determine the equilibrium for general non-uniform systems. They have a plausible property of satisfying the Hugenholtz-Pines theorem to provide a gapless excitation spectrum. Also, the corresponding dynamical equations of motion obey various conservation laws. Thus, the present mean-field theory shares two important properties with the exact theory: ``conserving'' and ``gapless.'' The theory is then applied to a homogeneous weakly interacting Bose gas with s-wave scattering length $a$ and particle mass $m$ to clarify its basic thermodynamic properties under two complementary conditions of constant density $n$ and constant pressure $p$. The superfluid transition is predicted to be first-order because of the non-analytic nature of the order-parameter expansion near $T_{c}$ inherent in Bose systems, i.e., the Landau-Ginzburg expansion is not possible here. The transition temperature $T_{c}$ shows quite a different interaction dependence between the $n$-fixed and $p$-fixed cases. In the former case $T_{c}$ increases from the ideal gas value $T_{0}$ as $T_{c}/T_{0}= 1+ 2.33 an^{1/3}$, whereas it decreases in the latter as $T_{c}/T_{0}= 1- 3.84a(mp/2π\hbar^{2})^{1/5}$. Temperature dependences of basic thermodynamic quantities are clarified explicitly.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Far-infrared dust properties in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Hirashita, Hiroyuki
name: Hibi, Yasunori
name: Shibai, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent data analysis of the far-infrared (FIR) map of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds has shown that there is a tight correlation between two FIR colours: the 60 um-100 um and 100 um-140 um colours. This FIR colour relation called ``main correlation'' can be interpreted as indicative of a sequence of various interstellar radiation fields with a common FIR optical property of grains. In this paper, we constrain the FIR optical properties of grains by comparing the calculated FIR colours with the observational main correlation. We show that neither of the ``standard'' grain species (i.e. astronomical silicate and graphite grains) reproduces the main correlation. However, if the emissivity index at ~ 100--200 um is changed to ~ 1--1.5 (not ~ 2 as the above two species), the main correlation can be successfully explained. Thus, we propose that the FIR emissivity index is ~ 1--1.5 for the dust in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds at ~ 100--200 um. We also consider the origin of the minor correlation called ``sub-correlation'', which can be used to estimate the Galactic star formation rate.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Octonionic twists for supermembrane matrix models
Creators: name: Hoppe, Jens
name: Lundholm, Douglas
name: Trzetrzelewski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A certain G_2 times U(1) invariant Hamiltonian arising from the standard membrane matrix model via conjugating any of the supercharges by a cubic, octonionic, exponential is proven to have a spectrum covering the whole positive half-axis. The model could be useful in determining a normalizable zero-energy state in the original SO(9) invariant SU(N) matrix model.
description: 22 pages
[Sentence elicitation]
Creators: name: Cuevas Cortés, Margarita
name: Macaulay, Monica
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: Chalcatongo de Hidalgo Mixtec language

description: Work on June 19 is 001, work on June 20 is 002. See pages 34-38 of associated field notes.
The infinite order sudden approximation and the delta-shell potential
Creators: name: Dancho, Stephen John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: The Infinite Order Sudden (IOS) approximation is applied to the collision of an atom with a diatom where the intermolecular potential is given by a delta-shell. It is shown that modelling the potential as such allows for a simpler calculation of the close-coupled equations, and using the MS results in even further savings in calculations. Exact and IOS calculations at 300K and 1000K are compared and it is found that the WS overestimates inelastic cross sections for both temperatures. A variety of corrections to the IOS are considered and the Energy Corrected MS (ECIOS) approximation is shown to be the best of those studied. Other possible improvements to the IOS are proposed.
Strangeness contributions to nucleon form factors
Creators: name: Young, Ross D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a recent theoretical determination of the strange quark content of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. These are compared with a global analysis of current experimental measurements in parity-violating electron scattering.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures; Talk presented at the International Workshop "From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and more...", Milos, Greece, May 16-20, 2006
Diamond quantum thermometry: From foundations to applications
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Masazumi
name: Shikano, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Diamond quantum thermometry exploits the optical and electrical spin properties of colour defect centres in diamonds and, acts as a quantum sensing method exhibiting ultrahigh precision and robustness. Compared to the existing luminescent nanothermometry techniques, a diamond quantum thermometer can be operated over a wide temperature range and a sensor spatial scale ranging from nanometres to micrometres. Further, diamond quantum thermometry is employed in several application, including electronics and biology, to explore these fields with nanoscale temperature measurements. This review covers the operational principles of diamond quantum thermometry for spin-based and all-optical methods, material development of diamonds with a focus on thermometry, and examples of applications in electrical and biological systems with demand-based technological requirements.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures, Comments are welcome
Spatial Coherence of a Polariton Condensate
Creators: name: Deng, Hui
name: Solomon, Glenn S.
name: Hey, Rudolf
name: Ploog, Klaus H.
name: Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform Young's double-slit experiment to study the spatial coherence properties of a two-dimensional dynamic condensate of semiconductor microcavity polaritons. The coherence length of the system is measured as a function of the pump rate, which confirms a spontaneous buildup of macroscopic coherence in the condensed phase. An independent measurement reveals that the position and momentum uncertainty product of the condensate is close to the Heisenberg limit. An experimental realization of such a minimum uncertainty wave packet of the polariton condensate opens a door to coherent matter-wave phenomena such as Josephson oscillation, superfluidity, and solitons in solid state condensate systems.
[Lexical, phrase, and sentence elicitation; review of conversation transcription]
Creators: name: Cuevas Cortés, Margarita
name: Jiménez García, Otelia
name: Macaulay, Monica
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: Chalcatongo de Hidalgo Mixtec language

description: Begins with both consultants working together. Individual work with Margarita Cuevas begins midway through file 003 (Tape 23, Side A). See pages 24-34 of associated field notes. Work with MC begins with reviewing transcription of conversation on pages 58-62, with associated sound recording in LA249.040.