Telegonus (Telegonus) pastus Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Telegonus
Telegonus pastus

description: Telegonus (Telegonus) pastus Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 24FB11E2-E34F-4B88-B36E-B2D2CB62BBE5  
(Fig. 1 part, 21–22, 233–234)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal prominent genetic differentiation of northern populations identified as Telegonus apastus (Cramer, 1777) (type locality in Suriname) (Fig. 1): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 5.9% (39 bp), and therefore they represent a new species. The new species keys to “ Astraptes apastus ” (C.14.13) in Evans (1952) and differs from it by shorter harpe (shorter than valva) with its distal angle less acute, more robust bulge on costa-ampulla (Fig. 234) and a hyaline spot in forewing cell CuA 2 -1A+2A typically more angular and extended into a “beak” towards tornus (Fig. 21 vs. 465), usually with less prominent white overscaling around this spot on ventral side (Fig. 22 vs. 466). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly1038.17.34:G379A, aly125.11.2:G46A, aly499.47.2:C118A, aly1603.18.3:T185C, aly6286.2.7:T42C, and COI barcode: 49A, T91C, T226C, T382C, T571C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-14103H01, GenBank OR837630, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGATTAATTGGAACTTCATTAAGATTACTTATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAACCCCAGGATCCTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACAATTGTTACAGCTCATGCATTTATCATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTACCATTAATAATAGGAGCCCCAGACATAGCATTCCCCCGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCATCTCTAACATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTTGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCTCTTTCATCTAATATTGCCCATCAAGGAGCATCAGTCGACTTA GCAATTTTCTCCCTTCATCTTGCCGGTATTTCCTCAATTCTTGGGGCAATCAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATCAATAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTAGGAATTACAGCATTATTACTATTACTTTCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCAGGAGCTATCACTATATTATT AACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCTTTCTTTGACCCTGCGGGAGGGGGTGACCCAATTCTTTACCAACACTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 21–22, bears the following three rectangular labels, two white: [PANAMÁ: Panamá Prov. | Distrito de El Llano | Cordillera de San Blas | North of El Llano ca. 330 m. | VI. 1978 | Gordon B. Small: Coll.], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-14103H01 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Telegonus (Telegonus) | pastus Grishin]. Paratypes: 2♂♂ in USNM: NVG-5078, 12-SRNP-68868 Costa Rica: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela Prov., Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Palomo, el. 96 m, GPS 10.96187, −85.28045, eclosed 09-Jan-2013; and NVG-14103H02 Colombia: Caldas, Victoria, el. 2400′, 9-Feb-1969, S. S. Nicolay leg.   
 Type locality. Panama: Panama Province, Distrito de El Llano, Cordillera de San Blas, north of El Llano, elevation 330 m.   
 Etymology. The name removes the negating “a” from its sister species name and is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. From southeastern Mexico to western Colombia.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362