Candezea bicostata
Creators: name: Wagner
name: Kurtscheid, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Candezea
Candezea bicostata

description: Candezea bicostata (Weise, 1907)   
 Monolepta (Candezea) bicostata Weise, 1907, p 221.   
 Redescription   
 Total length. 5.8–7.3 mm (mean 6.56 mm).   
 Head. Palpi, mandibles, clypeus, and frons yellow, labrum black. Antennae yellow to brownish yellow (Figure 24), rarely last antennomere apically dark brown. Ratio length of second: third antennomere 0.50–0.62 (mean 0.56), ratio length of third: fourth antennomere 0.59–0.71 (mean 0.64).   
 Thorax. Pronotum yellow, underside of prothorax, meso- and metathorax black throughout. Pronotal width 1.8–2.5 mm (mean 2.04 mm), ratio pronotal length: width 0.45–0.53 (mean 0.50). Elytral length 4.6–6.0 mm (mean 5.35 mm), maximal elytral width in the middle of elytra of 3.2–4.0 mm (mean 3.56 mm), elytra broad with ratio maximal width: length 0.62–0.72 (mean 0.66). Elytra yellow, apical quarter or at least apical margin brownish red to red (Figure 24). Males with short elytral ridges beyond scutellum and long elytral ridges from humerus to the apical third of elytra (Figure 24A). Scutellum, coxae, and trochantera black; femora, tibiae, and tarsi yellow.   
 Abdomen. Black.   
 Female genitalia. Cornu of spermatheca slightly bent at apex, middle part broad, nodulus large (Figure 26). Bursa sclerites large, usually with five strong spines (Figure 25).   
 Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, round in cross-section, slightly narrowed in the middle (Figure 27A), apex slightly carinate ventrally (Figure 27B). Tectum very long, slender, not lanceolate, deeply incised at apex (Figure 27A). Endophallic spiculae slender, all slightly bent dorsally in lateral view (Figure 27B). Ventral pair shortest, slightly curved inwards, middle pair longest, nearly straight, dorsal pair slightly curved inwards. Sac structure pointed apically, orifice nearly circular.   
 Distribution. Mainly distributed in montane areas in East Africa from Ethiopia to northern Tanzania and particularly abundant along the Albertine Rift from Uganda to Burundi and Kivu. Few records from lowland areas of the Congo Basin. Only one record from western Congo which seems to be doubtful (Figure 28).   
 Ecology. Could be found recently along small streams in farmland near Butare (Rwanda) feeding on Polygonum sp. (Polygonaceae).   
 Diagnosis. Candezea bicostata is characterized by the red coloration of the elytral apex, a character which it shares with C. haematura. The latter can be distinguished easily from C. bicostata by the black femora and blackish annulate antennae (Figure 29). Furthermore, males have no elytral ridges (Figure 29A), while genitalic pattern of both species is very similar (Figures 27, 32). They occur sympatrically in a wide range of eastern Africa but C. bicostata prefers more montane areas, while C. haematura is also found at lowland sites including savannas.   
 Type material   
 Lectotype: „, ‘‘Type/Abassi See/ Candezea bicostata 1903 /ex coll. J. Weise /Zool. Mus. Berlin’’, coll. J. Weise (MNHU); labelled with ‘‘ Candezea bicostata ’’ but described as ‘‘ Monolepta (Candezea) bicostata ’’. Paralectotypes: 1♀, 3 „, same labels as lectotype (MNHU); 1♀, 1 „, ‘‘Abassi-See’’ ex coll. J. Weise (MNHU); Ethiopia, Abassi, 8 ° 109N, 37 ° 369’E; 1♀, 2 „, ‘‘NO-Afrika, Süd-Aethiopien, Abaja-See, O. Neumann s. v.’’ (1 ex. BMNH, 2 ex. MNHU); Ethiopia, Abaya, 6 ° 149N, 37 ° 549E; 2♀, 2 „, ‘‘NO-Afrika, Abaja, O. Neumann’ ’ (1 ex. BMNH, 3 ex. MNHU); 3♀, 7 „, ‘‘N.O.-Afr., Arussi-Galla, Abassi-See, O. Neumann s.v.’’ (MNHU); 6♀, 1 „ ‘‘NO-Afrika, N-Galla, v. Erlanger s. g.’’ (MNHU). A lectotype is here designated to fix the name and to ensure its universal and consistent interpretation, since neither on the type material nor in the original publication was a holotype designated.   
 Other material examined   
 Burundi: 3 ex., Urundi, Kitega, 3 ° 259S, 30 ° 89E, 1935, P. Lefèvre (MRAC); 12 ex., Urundi, Kitega, 1700 m, March 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC / BMNH). Ethiopia: 2 ex., Ogaden, Golder, 7 ° 99N, 43 ° 419 E, R. J. Stordy (BMNH); 1 ex., Scioa, August 1888, Ragazzi (IRSNB); 2 ex., February–September 1907, E. Latham (MNHN); 5 ex., Kaffa, Bonga, 7 ° 159N, 36 ° 149E, 1800 m, August 1971, G. de Rougemont and Clarke (MRAC); 2 ex., Hora, 8 ° 529N, 43 ° 79E, 1600 m, June 1973, G. de Rougemont (MRAC); 2 ex., Kaffa, Jimma, 7 ° 399N, 36 ° 479E, February 1974, H. Silfverberg (MZHF); 1 ex., Shewa, Awash, 9 ° 019N, 40 ° 109E, March 1997 (ZFMK); 1 ex., Kamo, 4 ° 329N, 38 ° 269E, 1600 m, March 1997 (ZFMK). Congo (Zaire): 1 ex., Lualaba, Mpala, 10 ° 289S, 25 ° 129 E, J. Duvivier (IRSNB); 3 ex., Lualaba, Lula, 8 ° 359S, 27 ° 299 E, J. Duvivier (IRSNB); 1 ex., Maniéma, Nangwe, 4 ° 139S, 26 ° 119E (IRSNB); 3 ex., Bas Congo, Kisantu, 5 ° 79S, 15 ° 59E, P. Goossens (MRAC); 1 ex., Kigoma, 4 ° 529S, 29 ° 069E, September 1918, R. Mayné (MRAC); 1 ex., Moero, Nyunzu, 5 ° 579’S, 28 ° 19E, February 1934, H. de Saeger (MRAC); 1 ex., Katanga, Mimbulu, 11 ° 439S, 27 ° 199E, September 1923, Ch. Seydel (MRAC); 2 ex., Bassin, Lukuga, 5 ° 409S, 26 ° 559E, April–July 1934, H. de Saeger (MRAC); 8 ex., Kivu, Bitale, 2 ° 119S, 28 ° 379E, September 1934, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 2 ex., Uéle, Penge, 2 ° 489N, 27 ° 559E, 1800 m, September 1934, G. F. de Wittte (MRAC); 1 ex., Kivu, Rutshuru, 1 ° 119S, 29 ° 279E, October 1934, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 3 ex., Kivu, Bugazia, 2 ° 049S, 28 ° 559’E, 950 m, May 1935, H. Damas (MRAC); 4 ex., Kivu, Kamande, 0 ° 369S, 29 ° 189E, 900 m, May 1935, H. Damas (MRAC); 1 ex., Kibali, Niarembe, 2 ° 159N, 31 ° 079E, September 1935, Ch. Scops (MRAC); 2 ex., Kivu, Bugara, 1 ° 109S, 29 ° 289E, October 1935, H. Damas (MRAC); 7 ex., Kivu, Ishango, 0 ° 089S, 29 ° 369E, December 1935, H. Damas (MRAC); 1 ex., Kivu, Bitshumbi, 0 ° 399S, 29 ° 229E, January 1936, H. Damas (MRAC); 1 ex., Karago, 5 ° 209’S, 29 ° 469E, March 1936, L. Lippens (MRAC); 5 ex., Kivu, Rutshuru, 1 ° 119S, 29 ° 279E, April 1937 (MRAC); 2 ex., Katanga, Kasonta, 11 ° 359S, 27 ° 179E, November 1937, Ch. Seydel (MRAC); 11 ex., P.N.U., Mabwe, 8 ° 399S, 26 ° 319E, 580 m, August 1947 – January 1948, G. F. de Witte (IRSNB); 7 ex., P.N.U., Mabwe, 8 ° 399S, 26 ° 319E, 550 m, November 1948 – February 1949, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 1 ex., Lualaba, Kanonga, 9 ° 159S, 26 ° 089E, 700 m, February 1949, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 1 ex., Maniéma, Mutambo, 4 ° 249S, 26 ° 439E, 1750 m, April 1950, R. Laurent (MRAC); 1 ex., P.N.G., October 1951, H. de Saeger (MRAC); 1 ex., P.N.A., R. Lume, 0 ° 159N, 29 ° 349E, 1800 m, December 1957, P. Vanschuytbroeck (MRAC); 1 ex., Kivu, Bugara, 1 ° 109S, 29 ° 289E, February 1960, N. Leleup (MRAC); 1 ex., Bedelle, R. Dabana, October 1972, O. S. Clarke (MRAC). Kenya: 12 ex., Afr. Or. Katona, March 1909, Shirati (MNW); 1 ex., Mt Aberdare, 0 ° 589S, 36 ° 389E, 2300–2800 m, February 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Kisii, 0 ° 409S, 34 ° 479E, 1400 m, May 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 2 ex., Kisumu, 0 ° 39S, 34 ° 479E, March 1936, H. J. A. Turner (NMK); 10 ex., Kisumu, November 1939, E. Opiko (NMK). Rwanda: 4 ex., Ruhengeri, 1 ° 309S, 29 ° 399E, February 1934, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 9 ex., Kivu, Mukungwa, 1 ° 449S, 29 ° 409E, August 1934, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 474 ex., Ruhengeri, Kiri, 1 ° 299S, 29 ° 319E, 1800 m, August–October 1934, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 425 ex., Ruhengeri, 1 ° 309S, 29 ° 399E, October 1934, G. F. de Witte (IRSNB); 1 ex., Kivu, Kisenyi, 1 ° 429S, 29 ° 159E, February 1936, H. Damas (MRAC); 1 ex., Kivu, Rumangabo, 1 ° 209S, 29 ° 229E, April 1945, G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 4 ex., Nyanza, Rukoma, 2 ° 209S, 29 ° 429E, 2300 m, January 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 5 ex., Nyanza, Gitarama, 2 ° 289S, 29 ° 469E, 1800 m, January 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 1 ex., Mahembe, 2 ° 249S, 29 ° 509E, 1400 m, January 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 1 ex., Ruhengeri, Kagogo, 1 ° 319S, 29 ° 439E, 1900 m, January 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 19 ex., Nduga, 2 ° 209S, 29 ° 449E, February 1953, P. Basilewsky (BMNH); 3 ex., Nyanza, Rubona, 2 ° 269S, 29 ° 449E, 1800 m, February 1953, P. Basilewsky (BMNH); 1 ex., Rukara, Mohasi, 2 ° 159S, 30 ° 319E, 1400 m, February 1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 1 ex., Astrida, 2 ° 349S, 29 ° 439E, April 1957, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 51 ex., Nyanza, Rubona, 2 ° 269S, 29 ° 449E, April–May 1963, G. Pierrard (MRAC); 2 ex., Kivu, Kisenyi, 1 ° 429S, 29 ° 159E, December 1985, R. Jocqué (MRAC); 4 ex., Kinigi, 1 ° 269S, 29 ° 369E, May 1972, coll. J. Roggeman (coll. Beenen); 5 ex., Butare, September 2002, on Polygonum spec., Th. Wagner (ZFMK). Tanzania: 1 ex., I. Ukerewe, 2 ° 099S, 32 ° 529E, Conrads (NMK); 1 ex., I. Ukerewe (IRSNB); 12 ex., Afr. Or. Katona, March 1909 (NHMW). Uganda: 1 ex., Entebbe, 0 ° 059N, 32 ° 299E, 1908, D. Bayon (IRSNB); 2 ex., Kampala, 0 ° 199’N, 32 ° 359E, January–December 1915, C. Gowdey (BMNH); 2 ex., Serere, 1 ° 319N, 33 ° 279E, March–July 1934, J. Ford (BMNH); 1 ex., Kibanga, 0 ° 139N, 32 ° 519E (MNHN); 1 ex., 2100–3000 m, March–April 1901, W. Doherty (MNHN); 1 ex., Nakasongola, 1 ° 209N, 32 ° 289E, July 1911, C. Gowdey (BMNH); 19 ex., Kapenguria, 1 ° 149N, 35 ° 089E, 2100 m, August 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 2 ex., Kikube, 1 ° 519N, 32 ° 049E, 1100 m, August 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Kumi, 1 ° 299N, 33 ° 569E, 1100–1200 m, August 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Kyoga, L. Kadunguru, 1 ° 319N, 33 ° 139E, 1100 m, August 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 2 ex., Salisbury, 1 ° 389N, 33 ° 569E, 300 m, August 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 2 ex., Mt Elgon, 1 ° 079N, 34 ° 359E, 1200 m, August 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Hoima, 1 ° 259N, 31 ° 229E, 1100 m, December 1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Kampala, 0 ° 199N, 32 ° 359E, June 1949, E. Pinhey (NMK).
description: Published as part of Wagner & Kurtscheid, A., 2005, Revision of Candezea Chapuis, 1879 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from continental Africa, pp. 2591-2641 in Journal of Natural History 39 (28) on pages 2619-2621, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500102611, http://zenodo.org/record/5218809