Eriocaulon meenachilense Anoop &amp; Robi 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Anoop, P. B.
name: Robi, A. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Eriocaulaceae
Eriocaulon
Eriocaulon meenachilense

description: Eriocaulon meenachilense Anoop &amp; Robi, sp. nov. <i>Eriocaulon meenachilense</i> resembles <i>E. tuberiferum</i> A.R.Kulk. &amp; Desai in its root tubers, short, linear leaves and free female sepals. However, the new taxon differs in its solitary, 6-angled peduncle, short sheath, white inflorescences, inflexed involucral bracts, free male sepals, eglandular petals, yellow anthers and unappendaged yellow seeds. It also similar to <i>Eriocaulon idukkianum</i> Manudev, Robi &amp; Nampy, another tuberous species from the Western Ghats that has linear leaves, white inflorescences, male flowers with free sepals and unappendaged seeds, but differs from that species in the absence of a root stock, its hairy, not glabrous root tubers, its solitary, 6-angled peduncle, and its glabrous receptacle, eglandular petals and yellow anthers and seeds . – Type: India, Kerala, Kottayam District, Meenachil, Illikkal Hills, c. 1000 m a.s.l., 7 x 2019, <i>Anoop. P. B. &amp; A. J. Robi</i> 15934 (holotype MH!, isotype BAM!, MBGH!). <b>Figures 1, 2.</b> Acaulescent herb. <i>Rootstock</i> absent; root tubers 2 or 3, subglobose, 5–6 <b>×</b> 4–5 mm, villous, cream-coloured. <i>Leaves</i> rosulate, linear-subulate, stiff, 2.5–3.5 <b>×</b> 0.1–0.2 cm, glabrous, 3- or 4-nerved, nervules inconspicuous. <i>Peduncle</i> solitary, 12–20 cm high, 0.4–0.5 mm across, 6-angled, twisted, glabrous; sheaths 2–3 cm long, glabrous, striate; limb 1.5–2.5 mm long, incised. <i>Inflorescence</i> hemispherical, 5–6 <b>×</b> 4–5 mm, white. <i>Receptacle</i> convex, glabrous. <i>Involucral bracts</i> inflexed, obovate, acute at apex, 1.2–1.5 <b>×</b> 0.8–1 mm, black-hyaline, entire, chartaceous, glabrous. <i>Floral bracts</i> oblanceolate, acuminate, 1.2–1.5 <b>×</b> 0.6–0.8 mm, black, hoary towards apex. <i>Staminate flowers</i>: pedicels 0.1–0.2 mm long, glabrous; sepals 3, free, broadly oblanceolate, 1–1.2 <b>×</b> 0.3–0.4 mm, hyaline, hoary towards apex; corolla hyaline; stipe of corolla 0.8–1 mm long; lobes 3, subequal, obtuse and hoary towards apex, 0.3–0.4 <b>×</b> 0.1–0.2 mm, eglandular. <i>Stamens</i> 6, exserted; filaments 0.2–0.3 mm, white; anthers subglobose, 0.25 <b>×</b> 0.2 mm, yellow. <i>Pistillate flowers</i>: pedicels 0.1–0.2 mm; sepals 3, free, oblanceolate, 1.3–1.5 <b>×</b> 0.4–0.5 mm, keeled along back, obtuse and hoary towards apex, hyaline. <i>Petals</i> 3, almost equalling sepals, oblanceolate, obtuse and hoary towards apex, 1–1.2 <b>×</b> 0.2–0.3 mm, eglandular. <i>Ovary</i> subsessile, ovoid, trigonous, 0.3–0.4 <b>×</b> 0.2–0.3 mm; style 0.2–0.3 mm; stigmas 3, 0.8–1 mm long. <i>Seeds</i> obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.3–0.4 <b>×</b> 0.2–0.3 mm, golden yellow; cells of seed coat transversely elongated, aligned in vertical rows; appendages absent. <i>Distribution. Eriocaulon meenachilense</i> is known only from the type locality, the Illikkal Hills in the southern Western Ghats, India (<b>Figure 3</b>). <i>Phenology.</i> Flowering and fruiting from August to November. <i>Etymology.</i> The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Meenachil Taluk in Kottayam District, Kerala, India. <i>Habitat and ecology.</i> Wet rocky grasslands in association with <i>Eriocaulon thwaitesii</i> Körn., <i>Exacum sessile</i> L., <i>Impatiens stolonifera</i> Robi &amp; Manudev, <i>Phyllocephalum scabridum</i> (DC.) K.Kirkman, <i>Smithia bigemina</i> Dalzell, etc. <i>Conservation status. Eriocaulon meenachilense</i> is endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. The authors located 42 plants in four groups within an area of 200 m 2. More extensive field surveys are required to better understand the true extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of this species. According to IUCN criteria, the species falls under the category Data Deficient (IUCN, 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019). <i>Eriocaulon tuberiferum</i> has so far been reported from the northern Western Ghats in Maharashtra State and southern Western Ghats in Kerala State (Sunil <i>et al.</i>, 2018). The species is usually seen in the margins of puddles and open wet rocky slopes at 900–2100 m elevation. <i>Eriocaulon idukkianum</i> is confined to the southern Western Ghats in Kerala State and generally found at 2000–2300 m elevation in marshes near streams and rock crevices, in association with mosses. The major characters differentiating <i>Eriocaulon meenachilense</i> from the two other Indian tuberous species are listed in the <b>Table</b>.
description: Published as part of <i>Anoop, P. B. &amp; Robi, A. J., 2021, Eriocaulon Meenachilense, A New Tuberous Species Of Eriocaulaceae From The Southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 1-8 in Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (336)</i> on pages 2-5, DOI: 10.24823/EJB.2021.336, http://zenodo.org/record/4593753
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