cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Relational Dissolution of the Quantum Measurement Problems
Creators: name: Oldofredi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quantum Measurement Problem is arguably one of the most debated issues in the philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, since it represents not only a technical difficulty for the standard formulation of the theory, but also a source of interpretational disputes concerning the meaning of the quantum postulates. Another conundrum intimately connected with the QMP is the Wigner friend paradox, a thought experiment underlining the incoherence between the two dynamical laws governing the behavior of quantum systems, i.e the Schrödinger equation and the projection rule. Thus, every alternative interpretation aiming to be considered a sound formulation of QM must provide an explanation to these puzzles associated with quantum measurements. It is the aim of the present essay to discuss them in the context of Relational Quantum Mechanics. In fact, it is shown here how this interpretative framework dissolves the QMP. More precisely, two variants of this issue are considered: on the one hand, I focus on the "the problem of outcomes" contained in Maudlin (1995) - in which the projection postulate is not mentioned - on the other hand, I take into account Rovelli's reformulation of this problem proposed in Rovelli (2022), where the tension between the Schrödinger equation and the stochastic nature of the collapse rule is explicitly considered. Moreover, the relational explanation to the Wigner's friend paradox is reviewed, taking also into account some interesting objections contra Rovelli's theory contained in Laudisa (2019). I contend that answering these critical remarks leads to an improvement of our understanding of RQM. Finally, a possible objection against the relational solution to the QMP is presented and addressed.
description: Accepted for publication in Foundations of Physics
Balance with Unbounded Complexes
Creators: name: Enochs, Edgar E.
name: Estrada, Sergio
name: Iacob, Alina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55U15, 16E05, 16E30, 18G15

description: Given a double complex $X$ there are spectral sequences with the $E_2$ terms being either H$_I$ (H$_{II}(X))$ or H$_{II}($H$_I (X))$. But if $H_I(X)=H_{II}(X)=0$ both spectral sequences have all their terms 0. This can happen even though there is nonzero (co)homology of interest associated with $X$. This is frequently the case when dealing with Tate (co)homology. So in this situation the spectral sequences may not give any information about the (co)homology of interest. In this article we give a different way of constructing homology groups of $X$ when H$_I(X)=$H$_{II}(X)=0$. With this result we give a new and elementary proof of balance of Tate homology and cohomology.
Convex reformulations for a special class of nonlinear MPC problems
Creators: name: Klädtke, Manuel
name: Darup, Moritz Schulze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We show how the solution to NMPC problems for a special type of input-affine discrete-time systems can be obtained by reformulating the underlying non-convex optimal control problem in terms of a finite number of convex subproblems. The reformulation is facilitated by exact (input-state) linearization, which is shown to provide beneficial properties for the treated class of systems. We characterize possible types of the resulting convex subproblems and illustrate our approach with three numerical examples.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to 20th European Control Conference 2022
Different routes to the classical limit of backflow
Creators: name: Mousavi, S. V.
name: Miret-Artes, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoherence is a well established process for the emergence of classical mechanics in open quantum systems. However, it can have two different origins or mechanisms depending on the dynamics one is considering, speaking then about intrinsic decoherence for isolated systems and environmental decoherence due to dissipation/fluctuations for open systems. This second mechanism can not be considered for backflow since no thermal fluctuation terms can be added in the formalism in order to keep an important requirement for the occurrence of this effect: only contributions of positive momenta along time should be maintained. The purpose of this work is to analyze the backflow effect in the light of the underlying intrinsic decoherence and the dissipative dynamics. For this goal, we first deal with the Milburn approach where a mean frequency of the unitary evolution steps undergone for the system is assumed. A comparative analysis is carried out in terms of the Lindblad master equation. Second, the so-called quantum-to-classical transition wave equation is analyzed from a linear scaled Schrödinger equation which is derived and expressed in terms of a continuous parameter covering from the quantum to the classical regime as well as all in-between dynamical non-classical regimes. This theoretical analysis is inspired by the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. And third, in order to complete our analysis, the transition wave equation formalism is also applied to dissipative backflow within the Caldirola-Kanai approach where the dissipative dynamics comes from an effective Hamiltonian. In all the cases treated here, backflow is gradually suppressed as the intrinsic decoherence process is developing, paying a special attention to the classical limit. The route to classicality is not unique.
description: Accepted for publication in JPA
The Importance of Subcellular Structures to the Modeling of Biological Cells in the Context of Computational Bioelectromagnetics Simulations
Creators: name: Jerbic, Kevin
name: Svejda, Jan Taro
name: Sievert, Benedikt
name: Rennings, Andreas
name: Fröhlich, Jürg
name: Erni, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical investigation of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with eukaryotic cells requires specifically adapted computer models. Virtual microdosimetry, used to investigate exposure, requires volumetric cell models, which are numerically challenging. For this reason, a method is presented here to determine the current and power densities occurring in single cells and their distinct compartments in a spatially accurate manner as a first step towards multicellular models within the microstructure of tissue layers. To achieve this, 3D models of the electromagnetic exposure of generic eukaryotic cells of different shape (i.e. spherical and ellipsoidal) and internal complexity (i.e. different organelles) are performed in a virtual, FEM-based capacitor experiment in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 GHz. In this context, the spectral response of the current and power distribution within the cell compartments is investigated and any effects that occur are attributed either to the dispersive material properties of these compartments or to the geometric characteristics of the cell model investigated in each case. In these investigations, the cell is represented as an anisotropic body with an internal distributed membrane system of low conductivity that mimics the endoplasmic reticulum in a simplified manner. This will be used to determine which details of the cell interior need to be modeled, how the electric field and the current density will be distributed in this region, and where the electromagnetic energy is absorbed in the microstructure regarding electromagnetic microdosimetry. Results show that for 5G frequencies, membranes make a significant contribution to the absorption losses.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures | Updates: [v1] initial upload; [v2] COPYRIGHT NOTICE added after publication of the manuscript
A wide-band perfect light absorber at mid-wave infrared using multiplexed metal structures
Creators: name: Hendrickson, Joshua
name: Guo, Junpeng
name: Zhang, Boyang
name: Buchwald, Walter
name: Soref, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate a wide band near perfect light absorber in the mid-wave infrared region using multiplexed plasmonic metal structures. The wide band near perfect light absorber is made of two different size gold metal squares multiplexed on a thin dielectric spacing layer on the top of a thick metal layer in each unit cell. We also fabricate regular non-multiplexed structure perfect light absorbers. The multiplexed structure IR absorber absorbs above 98% incident light over a much wider spectral band than the regular non-multiplexed structure perfect light absorbers in the mid-wave IR region.
Controlled-Controlled-Phase Gates for Superconducting Qubits Mediated by a Shared Tunable Coupler
Creators: name: Glaser, Niklas J.
name: Roy, Federico
name: Filipp, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applications for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing devices rely on the efficient entanglement of many qubits to reach a potential quantum advantage. Although entanglement is typically generated using two-qubit gates, direct control of strong multi-qubit interactions can improve the efficiency of the process. Here, we investigate a system of three superconducting transmon-type qubits coupled via a single flux-tunable coupler. Tuning the frequency of the coupler by adiabatic flux pulses enables us to control the conditional energy shifts between the qubits and directly realize multi-qubit interactions. To accurately adjust the resulting controlled relative phases, we describe a gate protocol involving refocusing pulses and adjustable interaction times. This enables the implementation of the full family of pairwise controlled-phase (CPHASE) and controlled-controlled-phase (CCPHASE) gates. Numerical simulations result in fidelities around 99 % and gate times below 300 ns using currently achievable system parameters and decoherence rates.
Pattern formation in self-propelled particles with density-dependent motility
Creators: name: Farrell, F. D. C.
name: Tailleur, J.
name: Marenduzzo, D.
name: Marchetti, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the behaviour of interacting self-propelled particles, whose self-propulsion speed decreases with their local density. By combining direct simulations of the microscopic model with an analysis of the hydrodynamic equations obtained by explicitly coarse graining the model, we show that interactions lead generically to the formation of a host of patterns, including moving clumps, active lanes and asters. This general mechanism could explain many of the patterns seen in recent experiments and simulations.
Multiple verification in computational modeling of bone pathologies
Creators: name: Liò, Pietro
name: Merelli, Emanuela
name: Paoletti, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: D.2.4; I.6; J.3

description: We introduce a model checking approach to diagnose the emerging of bone pathologies. The implementation of a new model of bone remodeling in PRISM has led to an interesting characterization of osteoporosis as a defective bone remodeling dynamics with respect to other bone pathologies. Our approach allows to derive three types of model checking-based diagnostic estimators. The first diagnostic measure focuses on the level of bone mineral density, which is currently used in medical practice. In addition, we have introduced a novel diagnostic estimator which uses the full patient clinical record, here simulated using the modeling framework. This estimator detects rapid (months) negative changes in bone mineral density. Independently of the actual bone mineral density, when the decrease occurs rapidly it is important to alarm the patient and monitor him/her more closely to detect insurgence of other bone co-morbidities. A third estimator takes into account the variance of the bone density, which could address the investigation of metabolic syndromes, diabetes and cancer. Our implementation could make use of different logical combinations of these statistical estimators and could incorporate other biomarkers for other systemic co-morbidities (for example diabetes and thalassemia). We are delighted to report that the combination of stochastic modeling with formal methods motivate new diagnostic framework for complex pathologies. In particular our approach takes into consideration important properties of biosystems such as multiscale and self-adaptiveness. The multi-diagnosis could be further expanded, inching towards the complexity of human diseases. Finally, we briefly introduce self-adaptiveness in formal methods which is a key property in the regulative mechanisms of biological systems and well known in other mathematical and engineering areas.
description: In Proceedings CompMod 2011, arXiv:1109.1044
Begründer einer international vergleichenden Forschung - Adolf Bastian und Albert Voß (1874-1906)
Creators: name: Gärtner, Tobias
Publisher: name: Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica
Year: 2020

description: Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica, Bd. 36/37 2004/2005(2005)
Estimating gravity acceleration from static atomic gravimeter by Kalman filtering
Creators: name: Jiang, Bo-Nan
name: Wang, Yu-Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the construction of the two-state model of the atomic gravimeter and the associated Kalman recursion to estimate gravity acceleration from atomic gravimeter. We find the Kalman estimator greatly improve the precision of estimates in short term by removing the white phase noise. The residual noise of the estimates follows 0.13 muGal/\sqrt{s} for up to more than 100 s and highlights a precision of 0.34 muGal at the measuring time of a single sample, even with no seismometer correction.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.14796
Gas compression moderates flame acceleration in deflagration-to-detonation transition
Creators: name: Bychkov, Vitaly
name: Valiev, Damir
name: Akkerman, V'yacheslav
name: Law, Chung K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of gas compression at the developed stages of flame acceleration in smooth-wall and obstructed channels is studied. We demonstrate analytically that gas compression moderates the acceleration rate and perform numerical simulations within the problem of flame transition to detonation. It is shown that flame acceleration undergoes three distinctive stages: 1) initial exponential acceleration in the incompressible regime, 2) moderation of the acceleration process due to gas compression, so that the exponential acceleration state goes over to a much slower one, 3) eventual saturation to a steady (or statistically-steady) high-speed deflagration velocity, which may be correlated with the Chapman-Jouguet deflagration speed. The possibility of deflagration-to-detonation transition is demonstrated.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
supplementary material MDTA-D-23-00044.zip
Creators: name: Li, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nephrology and urology
Cancer therapy (excl. chemotherapy and radiation therapy)
Cancer genetics

description: MDTA-D-23-00044 Supplementary metarials (My files cannot be sent via email, so I am temporarily using this platform to share.)
MDTA-D-23-00044.zip
Creators: name: Li, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nephrology and urology
Cancer therapy (excl. chemotherapy and radiation therapy)
Cancer genetics

description: MDTA-D-23-00044 Revised manuscript and Supplementary metarials (My files cannot be sent via email, so I am temporarily using this platform to share.)
Formation of Lunar Basins from Impacts of Leftover Planetesimals
Creators: name: Nesvorny, David
name: Roig, Fernando V.
name: Vokrouhlicky, David
name: Bottke, William F.
name: Marchi, Simone
name: Morbidelli, Alessandro
name: Deienno, Rogerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Moon holds important clues to the early evolution of the Solar System. Some 50 impact basins (crater diameter D>300 km) have been recognized on the lunar surface, implying that the early impact flux was much higher than it is now. The basin-forming impactors were suspected to be asteroids released from an inner extension of the main belt (1.8-2.0 au). Here we show that most impactors were instead rocky planetesimals left behind at 0.5-1.5 au after the terrestrial planet accretion. The number of basins expected from impacts of leftover planetesimals largely exceeds the number of known lunar basins, suggesting that the first 200 Myr of impacts is not recorded on the lunar surface. The Imbrium basin formation (age 3.92 Gyr; impactor diameter d~100 km) occurs with a 15-35% probability in our model. Imbrium must have formed unusually late to have only two smaller basins (Orientale and Schrodinger) forming afterwards. The model predicts 20 d>10-km impacts on the Earth 2.5-3.5 Gyr ago (Ga), which is comparable to the number of known spherule beds in the late Archean.
description: ApJL, in press
Time-Dependent Gutzwiller Theory for Multiband Hubbard Models
Creators: name: Oelsen, E. v.
name: Seibold, G.
name: Buenemann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the variational Gutzwiller theory, we present a method for the computation of response functions for multiband Hubbard models with general local Coulomb interactions. The improvement over the conventional random-phase approximation is exemplified for an infinite-dimensional two-band Hubbard model where the incorporation of the local multiplet-structure leads to a much larger sensitivity of ferromagnetism on the Hund coupling. Our method can be implemented into LDA+Gutzwiller schemes and will therefore be an important tool for the computation of response functions for strongly correlated materials.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Spin-wave spectra in antidot lattice with inhomogeneous perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Creators: name: Moalic, M.
name: Krawczyk, M.
name: Zelent, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnonic crystals are structures with periodically varied magnetic properties that are used to control collective spin-wave excitations. With micromagnetic simulations, we study spin-wave spectra in a 2D antidot lattice based on a multilayered thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). We show that the modification of the PMA near the antidot edges introduces interesting modifications to the spin-wave spectra, even in a fully saturated state. In particular, the spectra split in two types of excitations, bulk modes with amplitude concentrated in a homogeneous part of antidot lattice, and edge modes with an amplitude localized in the rims of reduced PMA at the antidot edges. Their dependence on the geometrical or material parameters is distinct but at resonance conditions fulfilled, we found strong hybridization between bulk and radial edge modes. Interestingly, the hybridization between the fundamental modes in bulk and rim is of magnetostatic origin but the exchange interactions determine the coupling between higher-order radial rim modes and the fundamental bulk mode of the antidot lattice.
description: 11 pages, 4 figure
Estimating The Masses Of Z > 2.5 Quasars From Accretion Disk Models
Creators: name: Krolewski, Alex
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Quasars

description: Black hole masses for z > 2 quasars are typically estimated from single-epoch spectroscopy using the monochromatic continuum luminosity at 1350 Å and the Civ 1549 Å line width. These masses exhibit large scatter (≈ 0.5 decades) from the true masses and are subject to large systematic errors due to the idiosyncrasies of the Civ line profile. As a result, in this thesis I estimate the masses of a sample of 86 z > 2.5 radio-loud quasars by fitting accretion disk models to the restframe ultraviolet quasar spectra. I also fit accretion disk models to a matched sample of 86 radio-quiet quasars, in order to both explore the differences between radio loud and radio quiet quasars and estimate the possible contribution from strong radio jets or synchrotron emission to the radio-loud quasar continuum. Finally, I explore the errors introduced by several different systematic effects and give a rough accounting of the total error budget of the mass estimates.
description: Astro 99.
Structurally stable subharmonic regime of a driven quantum Josephson circuit
Creators: name: Burgelman, Michiel
name: Rouchon, Pierre
name: Sarlette, Alain
name: Mirrahimi, Mazyar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Driven quantum nonlinear oscillators, while essential for quantum technologies, are generally prone to complex chaotic dynamics that fall beyond the reach of perturbative analysis. By focusing on subharmonic bifurcations of a harmonically driven oscillator, we provide a recipe for the choice of the oscillator's parameters that ensures a regular dynamical behavior independently of the driving strength. We show that this suppression of chaotic phenomena is compatible with a strong quantum nonlinear effect reflected by the confinement rate in the degenerate manifold spanned by stable subharmonic orbits.
Estimates for compositions of maximal operators with singular integrals
Creators: name: Oberlin, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42A45

description: We prove weak-type (1,1) estimates for compositions of maximal operators with singular integrals. Our main object of interest is the operator $Δ^*Ψ$ where $Δ^*$ is Bourgain's maximal multiplier operator and $Ψ$ is the sum of several modulated singular integrals; here our method yields a significantly improved bound for the $L^q$ operator norm when $1 < q < 2$. We also consider associated variation-norm estimates.
Failed Solar Eruption of A Multi-thermal Flux Rope
Creators: name: Li, Leping
name: Song, Hongqiang
name: Peter, Hardi
name: Chitta, Lakshmi Pradeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A magnetic flux rope (FR), hosting hot plasma, is thought to be central to the physics of coronal mass ejection. Such FRs are widely observed with passbands of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), that are sensitive to emission from the hot plasma around 10 MK. In contrast, observations of warmer (around 1 MK) counterparts of FRs are sparse. In this study, we report the failed eruption of a multi-thermal FR, hosting both hot and warm plasma. On 2015 May 1, a hot channel appeared in the AIA high temperature passbands out of the southeastern solar limb to the south of a nearby flare, and then erupted outward. During the eruption, it rotated perpendicular to the erupting direction. The hot channel stopped erupting, and disappeared gradually, showing a failed eruption. During the hot channel eruption, a warm channel appeared sequentially in the AIA low temperature passbands. It underwent the similar evolution, including the failed eruption, rotation, and disappearance, to the hot channel. A bright compression front is formed in front of the warm channel eruption in AIA low temperature images. Under the hot and warm channel eruptions, a small flare occurred, upon which several current sheets, connecting the erupting channels and the underneath flare, formed in the AIA high temperature passbands. Investigating the spatial and temporal relation between the hot and warm channels, we suggest that both channels twist together, constituting the same multi-thermal FR that has plasma with the high and low temperatures.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Die Sammlung zyprischer Altertümer „Ohnefalsch-Richter/Weisbach“
Creators: name: Brönner, Melitta
Publisher: name: Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica
Year: 2020

description: Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica, Bd. 36/37 2004/2005(2005)
Algebraic Theory of Patterns as Generalized Symmetries
Creators: name: Rupe, Adam
name: Crutchfield, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the exact predictive regularity of symmetry groups to give an algebraic theory of patterns, building from a core principle of future equivalence. For topological patterns in fully-discrete one-dimensional systems, future equivalence uniquely specifies a minimal semiautomaton. We demonstrate how the latter and its semigroup algebra generalizes translation symmetry to partial and hidden symmetries. This generalization is not as straightforward as previously considered. Here, though, we clarify the underlying challenges. A stochastic form of future equivalence, known as predictive equivalence, captures distinct statistical patterns supported on topological patterns. Finally, we show how local versions of future equivalence can be used to capture patterns in spacetime. As common when moving to higher dimensions, there is not a unique local approach, and we detail two local representations that capture different aspects of spacetime patterns. A previously-developed local spacetime variant of future equivalence captures patterns as generalized symmetries in higher dimensions, but we show this representation is not a faithful generator of its spacetime patterns. This motivates us to introduce a local representation that is a faithful generator, but we demonstrate that it no longer captures generalized spacetime symmetries. Taken altogether, building on future equivalence, the theory defines and quantifies patterns present in a wide range of classical field theories.
Melting of antikaon condensate in protoneutron stars
Creators: name: Banik, S.
name: Nandi, R.
name: Bandyopadhyay, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the melting of a $K^-$ condensate in hot and neutrino-trapped protoneutron stars. In this connection, we adopt relativistic field theoretical models to describe the hadronic and condensed phases. It is observed that the critical temperature of antikaon condensation is enhanced as baryon density increases. For a fixed baryon density, the critical temperature of antikaon condensation in a protoneutron star is smaller than that of a neutron star. We also exhibit the phase diagram of a protoneutron star with a $K^-$ condensate.
description: 17 pages including 7 figures
Two-stage melting of an inter-component Potts long-range order in two dimensions
Creators: name: Song, Feng-Feng
name: Zhang, Guang-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interplay of topology and competing interactions can induce new phases and phase transitions at finite temperatures. We consider a weakly coupled two-dimensional hexatic-nematic XY model with a relative $Z_3$ Potts degrees of freedom,and apply the matrix product state method to solve this model rigorously. Since the partition function is expressed as a product of two-legged one-dimensional transfer matrix operator, an entanglement entropy of the eigenstate corresponding to the maximal eigenvalue of this transfer operator can be used as a stringent criterion to determine various phase transitions precisely. At low temperatures, the inter-component $Z_3$ Potts long-range order (LRO) exists, indicating that the hexatic and nematic fields are locked together and their respective vortices exhibit quasi-LRO. In the hexatic regime, below the BKT transition of the hexatic vortices, the inter-component $Z_3$ Potts LRO appears, accompanying with the binding of nematic vortices. In the nematic regime, however, the inter-component $Z_3$ Potts LRO undergoes a two-stage melting process. An intermediate Potts liquid phase emerges between the Potts ordered and disordered phases, characterized by an algebraic correlation with formation of charge-neutral pairs of both hexatic and nematic vortices. These two-stage phase transitions are associated with the proliferation of the domain walls and vortices of the relative $Z_3$ Potts variable, respectively. Our results thus provide a prototype example of two-stage melting of a two-dimensional long-range order, driven by multiple topological defects.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures. The title is slightly modified, and the supplementary materials are included
On globally sparse Ramsey graphs
Creators: name: Mütze, Torsten
name: Peter, Ueli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We say that a graph $G$ has the Ramsey property w.r.t.\ some graph $F$ and some integer $r\geq 2$, or $G$ is $(F,r)$-Ramsey for short, if any $r$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $F$. R{ö}dl and Ruci{ń}ski asked how globally sparse $(F,r)$-Ramsey graphs $G$ can possibly be, where the density of $G$ is measured by the subgraph $H\subseteq G$ with the highest average degree. So far, this so-called Ramsey density is known only for cliques and some trivial graphs $F$. In this work we determine the Ramsey density up to some small error terms for several cases when $F$ is a complete bipartite graph, a cycle or a path, and $r\geq 2$ colors are available.
Diversity of dust properties in external galaxies confirmed by polarization signals from Type II supernovae
Creators: name: Nagao, Takashi
name: Patat, Ferdinando
name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Baade, Dietrich
name: Mattila, Seppo
name: Taubenberger, Stefan
name: Kotak, Rubina
name: Cikota, Aleksandar
name: Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo
name: Bulla, Mattia
name: Maund, Justyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigating interstellar (IS) dust properties in external galaxies is important not only to infer the intrinsic properties of astronomical objects but also to understand the star/planet formation in the galaxies. From the non-Milky-Way-like extinction and interstellar polarization (ISP) observed in reddened Type Ia supernovae (SNe), it has been suggested that their host galaxies contain dust grains whose properties are substantially different from the Milky-Way (MW) dust. It is important to investigate the universality of such non-MW-like dust in the universe. Here we report spectropolarimetry of two highly-extinguished Type II SNe (SN 2022aau and SN 2022ame). SN 2022aau shows a polarization maximum at a shorter wavelength than MW stars, which is also observed in some Type Ia SNe. This is clear evidence for the existence of non-MW-like dust in its host galaxy (i.e., NGC 1672). This fact implies that such non-MW-like dust might be more common in some environments than expected, and thus it might affect the picture of the star/planet formation. On the other hand, SN 2022ame shows MW-like ISP, implying the presence of MW-like dust in its host galaxy (i.e., NGC 1255). Our findings confirm that dust properties of galaxies are diverse, either locally or globally. The present work demonstrates that further investigation of IS dust properties in external galaxies using polarimetry of highly-reddened SNe is promising, providing a great opportunity to study the universality of such non-MW-like dust grains in the universe.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Moiré-driven multiferroic order in twisted CrCl$_3$, CrBr$_3$ and CrI$_3$ bilayers
Creators: name: Fumega, Adolfo O.
name: Lado, Jose L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered van der Waals materials have risen as a powerful platform to engineer artificial competing states of matter. Here we show the emergence of multiferroic order in twisted chromium trihalide bilayers, an order fully driven by the moiré pattern and absent in aligned multilayers. Using a combination of spin models and ab initio calculations, we show that a spin texture is generated in the moiré supercell of the twisted system as a consequence of the competition between stacking-dependent interlayer magnetic exchange and magnetic anisotropy. An electric polarization arises associated with such a non-collinear magnetic state due to the spin-orbit coupling, leading to the emergence of a local ferroelectric order following the moiré. Among the stochiometric trihalides, our results show that twisted CrBr$_3$ bilayers give rise to the strongest multiferroic order. We further show the emergence of a strong magnetoelectric coupling, which allows the electric generation and control of magnetic skyrmions. Our results put forward twisted chromium trihalide bilayers, and in particular CrBr$_3$ bilayers, as a powerful platform to engineer artificial multiferroic materials and electrically tunable topological magnetic textures.
description: 5+3 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material
The dynamics of azurite Cu$_3$(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_2$ in a magnetic field as determined by neutron scattering
Creators: name: Rule, K. C.
name: Tennant, D. A.
name: Caux, J. -S.
name: Gibson, M. C. R.
name: Telling, M. T. F.
name: Gerischer, S.
name: Süllow, S.
name: Lang, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Azurite, a natural mineral made up of CuO chains, is also an intriguing spin-1/2 quantum magnet. There has been much debate as to the 1-dimensional (1D) nature of this material by theorists and experimentalists alike. The focus of this debate lies in the interactions between Cu-ions within the antiferromagnetically ordered state below 1.9 K. We present high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering data which highlight the complexity of the magnetic ground state of azurite. The application of magnetic fields and temperatures were used to probe the excitations revealing important information about the dynamics in this system. From this we are able to conclude that the 1D Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin chain model is not sufficient to describe the dynamics in azurite. Instead additional coupling including interchain interactions and an anisotropic staggered field are necessary to fully model the observed excitations.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Two-dimensional complex (dusty) plasma with active Janus particles
Creators: name: Nosenko, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-dimensional complex plasma containing active Janus particles was studied experimentally. A single layer of micron-size plastic microspheres was suspended in the plasma sheath of a radio-frequency discharge in argon at low pressure. The particle sample used was a mixture of regular particles and Janus particles, which were coated on one side with a thin layer of platinum. Unlike a suspension consisting of regular particles only, the suspension with inclusion of Janus particles did not form an ordered lattice in the experimental conditions used. Instead, the particles moved around with high kinetic energy in a disordered suspension. Unexpectedly, the mean kinetic energy of the particles declined as the illumination laser power was increased. This is explained by the competition of two driving forces, the photophoretic force and the oppositely directed ion drag force. The mean-squared displacement of the particles scaled as $t^α$ with $α=2$ at small times $t$ indicating ballistic motion and $α=0.56\pm0.27$ at longer times due to the combined effect of the Janus particle propensity to move in circular trajectories and external confinement.
description: This article has been accepted by Physics of Plasmas. After it is published, it will be found at https://publishing.aip.org/resources/librarians/products/journals/
Direct Evidence for Termination of Obscured Star Formation by Radiatively Driven Outflows in Reddened QSOs
Creators: name: Farrah, Duncan
name: Urrutia, Tanya
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Efstathiou, Andreas
name: Afonso, Jose
name: Coppin, Kristen
name: Hall, Patrick B.
name: Lonsdale, Carol
name: Jarrett, Tom
name: Bridge, Carrie
name: Borys, Colin
name: Petty, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical to far-infrared photometry of 31 reddened QSOs that show evidence for radiatively driven outflows originating from AGN in their rest-frame UV spectra. We use these data to study the relationships between the AGN-driven outflows, and the AGN and starburst infrared luminosities. We find that FeLoBAL QSOs are invariably IR-luminous, with IR luminosities exceeding 10^{12} Solar luminosities in all cases. The AGN supplies 76% of the total IR emission, on average, but with a range from 20% to 100%. We find no evidence that the absolute luminosity of obscured star formation is affected by the AGN-driven outflows. Conversely, we find an anticorrelation between the strength of AGN-driven outflows, as measured from the range of outflow velocities over which absorption exceeds a minimal threshold, and the contribution from star formation to the total IR luminosity, with a much higher chance of seeing a starburst contribution in excess of 25% in systems with weak outflows than in systems with strong outflows. Moreover, we find no convincing evidence that this effect is driven by the IR luminosity of the AGN. We conclude that radiatively driven outflows from AGN can have a dramatic, negative impact on luminous star formation in their host galaxies. We find that such outflows act to curtail star formation such that star formation contributes less than ~25% of the total IR luminosity. We also propose that the degree to which termination of star formation takes place is not deducible from the IR luminosity of the AGN.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Composite Cluster States and Alternative Architectures for One- Way Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Milne, Darran F.
name: Korolkova, Natalia V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new architecture for the measurement-based quantum computation model. The new design relies on small composite light-atom primary clusters. These are then assembled into cluster arrays using ancillary light modes and the actual computation is run on such a cellular cluster. We show how to create the primary clusters, which are Gaussian cluster states composed of both light and atomic modes. These are entangled via QND interactions and beamsplitters and the scheme is well described within the continuous-variable covariance matrix formalism.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1007.0403
Topological Mott Insulator at Quarter Filling in the Interacting Haldane Model
Creators: name: Mai, Peizhi
name: Feldman, Benjamin E.
name: Phillips, Philip W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the recent advances in topology have led to a classification scheme for electronic bands described by the standard theory of metals, a similar scheme has not emerged for strongly correlated systems such as Mott insulators in which a partially filled band carries no current. By including interactions in the topologically non-trivial Haldane model, we show that a quarter-filled state emerges with a non-zero Chern number provided the interactions are sufficiently large. We first motivate this result on physical grounds and then by two methods: analytically by solving exactly a model in which interactions are local in momentum space and then numerically through the corresponding Hubbard model. All methods yield the same result: For sufficiently large interaction strengths, the quarter-filled Haldane model is a ferromagnetic topological Mott insulator with a Chern number of unity. Possible experimental realizations in cold-atom and solid state systems are discussed.
Post-common envelope binaries from SDSS - XVI. Long orbital period systems and the energy budget of CE evolution
Creators: name: Rebassa-Mansergas, A.
name: Zorotovic, M.
name: Schreiber, M. R.
name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Gomez-Moran, A. Nebot
name: Tappert, C.
name: Koester, D.
name: Pyrzas, S.
name: Papadaki, C.
name: Schmidtobreick, L.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Toloza, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Virtually all close compact binary stars are formed through common-envelope (CE) evolution. It is generally accepted that during this crucial evolutionary phase a fraction of the orbital energy is used to expel the envelope. However, it is unclear whether additional sources of energy, such as the recombination energy of the envelope, play an important role. Here we report the discovery of the second and third longest orbital period post-common envelope binaries (PCEBs) containing white dwarf (WD) primaries, i.e. SDSSJ121130.94-024954.4 (Porb = 7.818 +- 0.002 days) and SDSSJ222108.45+002927.7 (Porb = 9.588 +- 0.002 days), reconstruct their evolutionary history, and discuss the implications for the energy budget of CE evolution. We find that, despite their long orbital periods, the evolution of both systems can still be understood without incorporating recombination energy, although at least small contributions of this additional energy seem to be likely. If recombination energy significantly contributes to the ejection of the envelope, more PCEBs with relatively long orbital periods (Porb >~ 1-3 day) harboring massive WDs (Mwd >~ 0.8 Msun) should exist.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 8 pages, 6 figures and 4 tables
Automatic liver segmentation method in CT images
Creators: name: zayane, Oussema
name: jouini, besma
name: Mahjoub, Mohamed Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this work is to develop a method for automatic segmentation of the liver based on a priori knowledge of the image, such as location and shape of the liver.
description: 4 pages
Fractional second-order topological insulator from a three-dimensional coupled-wires construction
Creators: name: Laubscher, Katharina
name: Keizer, Pim
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a three-dimensional second-order topological insulator with gapless helical hinge states from an array of weakly tunnel-coupled Rashba nanowires. For suitably chosen interwire tunnelings, we demonstrate that the system has a fully gapped bulk as well as fully gapped surfaces, but hosts a Kramers pair of gapless helical hinge states propagating along a path of hinges that is determined by the hierarchy of interwire tunnelings and the boundary termination of the system. Furthermore, the coupled-wires approach allows us to incorporate electron-electron interactions into our description. At suitable filling factors of the individual wires, we show that sufficiently strong electron-electron interactions can drive the system into a fractional second-order topological insulator phase with hinge states carrying only a fraction $e/p$ of the electronic charge $e$ for an odd integer $p$.
Sectorial perturbations of self-adjoint matrices and operators
Creators: name: Davies, E. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47A10, 81Q10, 35P05

description: This paper considers $N\times N$ matrices of the form $A_γ=A+ γB$, where $A$ is self-adjoint, $γ\in C$ and $B$ is a non-self-adjoint perturbation of $A$. We obtain some monodromy-type results relating the spectral behaviour of such matrices in the two asymptotic regimes $|γ|\to\infty$ and $|γ|\to 0$ under certain assumptions on $B$. We also explain some properties of the spectrum of $A_γ$ for intermediate sized $γ$ by considering the limit $N\to\infty$, concentrating on properties that have no self-adjoint analogue. A substantial number of the results extend to operators on infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.
description: 5 figures
Hamiltonian Light-Front Field Theory: Recent Progress and Tantalizing Prospects
Creators: name: Vary, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental theories, such as Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) promise great predictive power addressing phenomena over vast scales from the microscopic to cosmic scales. However, new non-perturbative tools are required for physics to span from one scale to the next. I outline recent theoretical and computational progress to build these bridges and provide illustrative results for Hamiltonian Light Front Field Theory. One key area is our development of basis function approaches that cast the theory as a Hamiltonian matrix problem while preserving a maximal set of symmetries. Regulating the theory with an external field that can be removed to obtain the continuum limit offers additional possibilities as seen in an application to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Recent progress capitalizes on algorithm and computer developments for setting up and solving very large sparse matrix eigenvalue problems. Matrices with dimensions of 20 billion basis states are now solved on leadership-class computers for their low-lying eigenstates and eigenfunctions.
description: 8 pages with 2 figures