cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum jump Monte Carlo simplified: Abelian symmetries
Creators: name: Macieszczak, Katarzyna
name: Rose, Dominic C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Markovian dynamics of a finitely dimensional open quantum system featuring a weak unitary symmetry, i.e., when the action of a unitary symmetry on the space of density matrices commutes with the master operator governing the dynamics. We show how to encode the weak symmetry in quantum stochastic dynamics of the system by constructing a weakly symmetric representation of the master operator: a symmetric Hamiltonian, and jump operators connecting only the symmetry eigenspaces with a fixed eigenvalue ratio. In turn, this representation simplifies both the construction of the master operator as well as quantum jump Monte Carlo simulations, where, for a symmetric initial state, stochastic trajectories of the system state are supported within a single symmetry eigenspace at a time, which is changed only by the action of an asymmetric jump operator. Our results generalize directly to the case of multiple Abelian weak symmetries.
description: Published version (12 pages, 8 figures)
Lending to Agribusinesses in Zambia
Creators: name: Mwanamambo, Brian
name: Salin, Victoria
name: Mukumbuta, Likando
name: Mwanamambo, Brian
name: Salin, Victoria
name: Mukumbuta, Likando
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Microfinance has been celebrated in the last decade as a new paradigm shift in lending that has achieved immense success in improving the living standards of the poor through the provision of financial services. Institutions involved in microfinance around the world have used innovative loan contract mechanisms to profitably lend to the poor and achieve very high repayment rates while allowing the borrowers to profit and grow their enterprises. While high repayment rates have been realized by microfinance institutions focused on lending to consumers and to retail-type micro enterprises, few microfinance institutions focused on lending to agricultural producers have achieved comparable success. This article compares the mechanisms employed by major microfinance institutions with a successful lending institution in Zambia that serves agricultural businesses. Findings are: ZATAC uses progressive lending and group lending contracts adapted in some ways to suit seasonal agricultural production credit requirements. The institution also uses various forms of collateral substitutes like other microfinance institutions. We also find that ZATAC uses other mechanisms such as automatic loan repayments tied to production, cooperative sanctions, contracted production and provision of business development services that eventually improve loan repayments significantly and enable the lender to lower interest rates.
Null Geodesics and QNMs in the field of Regular Black Holes
Creators: name: Mondal, Monimala
name: Yadav, Anil Kumar
name: Pradhan, Parthapratim
name: Islam, Sayeedul
name: Rahaman, Farook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the null geodesics of regular black holes. A detailed analysis of geodesic structure both null geodesics and time-like geodesics have been investigated for the said black hole. As an application of null geodecics, we calculate the radius of photon sphere and gravitational bending of light. We also study the shadow of the black hole spacetime. Moreover, we determine the relation between radius of photon sphere~$(r_{ps})$ and the shadow observed by a distance observer. Furthermore, We discus the effect of various parameters on the radius of shadow $R_s$. Also we compute the angle of deflection for the photons as a physical application of null-circular geodesics. We find the relation between null geodesics and quasinormal modes frequency in the eikonal approximation by computing the Lyapunov exponent. It is also shown that~(in the eikonal limit) the quasinormal modes~(QNMs) of black holes are governed by the parameter of null-circular geodesics. The real part of QNMs frequency determines the angular frequency whereas the imaginary part determines the instability time scale of the circular orbit. Next we study the massless scalar perturbations and analyze the effective potential graphically. Massive scalar perturbations also discussed. As an application of time-like geodesics we compute the innermost stable circular orbit~(ISCO) and marginally bound circular orbit~(MBCO) of the regular BHs which are closely related to the black hole accretion disk theory. In the appendix, we calculate the relation between angular frequency and Lyapunov exponent for null-circular geodesics.
description: 24 pages, 18 figure panels, Accepted in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Incentive Compatible Mechanism Design for Stated Choice Surveys: A Multiple Alternative Choice Case
Creators: name: Das, Chhandita
name: Anderson, Christopher M.
name: Das, Chhandita
name: Anderson, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: stated choice survey
subject: mechanism design
subject: public goods experiment

description: Stated choice surveys, hypothetical or real, have been a valuable tool in eliciting individual preferences for public goods and services for decades. However, the incentive structure of these questions remains to be a potential source of bias in welfare measurements. We have designed a dominant strategy incentive compatible mechanism that removes the incentives to free-ride in real money questions. In a previous research (Das and Anderson, 2007), we discussed a similar incentive compatible mechanism design for a binary choice case and in this paper we extend our theory to a multiple alternative choice case. We prove that in this mechanism truthfully answering the stated choice questions is an individual's dominant strategy. We use experimental tools to verify the model, and also evaluate its performance with respect to alternative demand revelation mechanisms. For our experimental demonstration, we limit the choice set to four choice alternatives. Although, overall our incentive compatible mechanism for multiple alternative choice case perform quite satisfactorily, it fails to perform as well as the binary choice case.
description: Paper removed by author 02/04/09.
First Results from IceCube
Creators: name: Klein, Spencer R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IceCube is a 1 km$^3$ neutrino observatory being built to study neutrino production in active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, supernova remnants, and a host of other astrophysical sources. High-energy neutrinos may signal the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. IceCube will also study many particle-physics topics: searches for WIMP annihilation in the Earth or the Sun, and for signatures of supersymmetry in neutrino interactions, studies of neutrino properties, including searches for extra dimensions, and searches for exotica such as magnetic monopoles or Q-balls. IceCube will also study the cosmic-ray composition. In January, 2005, 60 digital optical modules (DOMs) were deployed in the South Polar ice at depths ranging from 1450 to 2450 meters, and 8 ice-tanks, each containing 2 DOMs were deployed as part of a surface air-shower array. All 76 DOMs are collecting high-quality data. After discussing the IceCube physics program and hardware, I will present some initial results with the first DOMs.
description: 6 pgs., presented at PANIC05, Oct. 24-28, 2005, Santa Fe, NM
The H2020 European Project DAEMON Tri-Fold Kick-off Brochure
Creators: name: Munoz, Daniel-Jesus
name: Fuentes, Lidia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Network Intelligence
Beyond 5g
Smart Connectivity
Artificial Intelligence

description: The DAEMON H2020 European project develops and implements innovative and pragmatic approaches to Network Intelligence design that enable high performance, sustainable and extremely reliable zero-touch network systems. To this end, DAEMON relies on end-to-end coordination of Network Intelligence-assisted functionalities deployed in both control and user planes.
Do current WIMP direct measurements constrain light relic neutralinos?
Creators: name: Bottino, A.
name: Donato, F.
name: Fornengo, N.
name: Scopel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New upper bounds on direct detection rates have recently been presented by a number of experimental collaborations working on searches for WIMPs. In this paper we analyze how the constraints on relic neutralinos which can be derived from these results is affected by the uncertainties in the distribution function of WIMPs in the halo. Various different categories of velocity distribution functions are considered, and the ensuing implications for supersymmetric configurations derived. We conservatively conclude that current experimental data do not constrain neutralinos of small mass (below 50 GeV).
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, typeset with ReVTeX4. The paper may also be found at http://www.to.infn.it/~fornengo/papers/constraints05.ps.gz or through http://www.astroparticle.to.infn.it/index.html
Towards substrate-reagent interaction of Lochmann-Schlosser bases in THF: bridging THF hides potential reaction site of a chiral superbase
Creators: name: Brieger, Lukas
name: Schrimpf, Tobias
name: Scheel, Rebecca
name: Unkelbach, Christian
name: Strohmann, Carsten
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Alkali metals
subject: Chirality
subject: Lithium
subject: Potassium
subject: X-ray diffraction
subject: 540

description: The metalation of N,N-dimethylaminomethylferrocene in THF by the superbasic mixture of nBuLi/KOtBu proceeds readily at low temperatures to afford a bimetallic Li2K2 aggregate containing ferrocenyl anions and tert-butoxide. Starting from an enantiomerically enriched ortho-lithiated aminomethylferrocene, an enantiomerically pure superbase can be prepared. The molecular compound exhibits superbasic behavior deprotonating N,N-dimethylbenzylamine in the α-position and is also capable of deprotonating toluene. Quantum chemical calculations provide insight into the role of the bridging THF molecule to the possible substrate–reagent interaction. In addition, a benzylpotassium alkoxide adduct gives a closer look into the corresponding reaction site of the Lochmann–Schlosser base that is reported herein.
description: Chemistry - a European journal;28(69)
Hosholmoceras Kröger, 2025, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Discosorida
Cyrtogomphoceratidae
Hosholmoceras

description: Genus Hosholmoceras gen. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 67E22CEA-BE72-42D4-9847-5F0A216039FC
Type species
Hosholmoceras ovalis gen. et sp. nov. from Hosholm shore, Vormsi Island, Estonia, Adila Formation, Pirgu Regional Stage.
Diagnosis
Endogastrically curved brevicones with very short chambers (RCL ca 0.05–0.07); conch cross section compressed or subtriangular; in lateral view mature conch slightly gibbous with largest conch heights near the base of the mature phragmocone; mature body chamber short, simple conical; sutures with shallow lateral lobes; siphuncle marginal, small; siphuncular segments rounded, expanded; septal necks cyrtochoanitic; endosiphuncular bulettes occur.
Etymology
Hosholm is the type locality of this genus.
Comparison
This genus is superficially similar to Hemibeloitoceras Balashov, 1962b, in having very short chambers (RCL ca 0.08) and a relatively thin, marginal siphuncle with simple expanded siphuncular segments. However, the conch of Hemibeloitoceras is exogastrically curved, expands gradually and is slenderer (angle of expansion ca 8°) while the sutures are directly transverse without a lateral lobe. Another curved breviconic form with very short chambers is Antiphragmoceras Foerste, 1925. This also differs from Hosholmoceras gen. nov. in having an exogastrically curved conch.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on pages 102-103, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Embedded test circuits and methodologies for mixed-signal ICs
Creators: name: Tabatabaei-Zavareh, Sassan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The rapid pace of the integrated circuit industry towards more miniaturization is making system-on-chip (SOC) a reality. For practical implementations of SOC, however, the test issues of such devices must be addressed through the integration of design-for-testability (DFT), built-in self-test (BIST), and embedded test for embedded blocks, such as digital, memory, and mixed-signal circuits. This thesis presents two novel embedded test solutions for mixed-signal circuits. The first one is a built-in current monitor (BICM) suitable for power supply current (IDD) testing. The B I CM includes a built-in current sensor (BICS) which provides high measurement sensitivity without introducing a large impedance in the IDD path. Although the BICS structure has been proposed before, the new circuit analysis and chip measurement results provide important insights into the BICS characteristics and design trade-offs. The BICM also includes a mixed-signal built-in current integrator (BICI) which generates a digital signature proportional to the average IDD (IDD)- TWO different circuits have been developed for BICI: a single-phase and a double-phase BICI; the first is less accurate but requires less silicon area. These new BICI architectures offer an advantage over previously proposed circuits because they can perform integration over large time windows (T > 1 ms) while occupying a chip area equivalent to a only few hundred NAND gates. The BICM is compact, accurate (error < 2%), and insensitive to process and temperature variations. The second embedded test circuit is designed for non-intrusive functional testing of high-speed clock-recovery units (CRU) and clock-synthesis units (CSU). To the author's knowledge, this new structure is the first circuit which can perform on-chip, single-shot jitter measurement with high resolution and precision without requiring element matching. The simulation and analysis predict a jitter measurement resolution of 10ps and a precision of 11ps in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology under typical power supply and thermal noise conditions. Combined with a jitter generator block, it can test intrinsic jitter, and jitter transfer characteristics of CRUs and CSUs. The circuit is digital, partially synthesizable, and automatically placeable and routable. Novel gate delay model and analysis techniques, supported by simulation, are also introduced to evaluate the accuracy of the circuit.
Determinants and Consequences of Land Sales Market Participation: Panel Evidence from India
Creators: name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Nagarajan, Hari K.
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Nagarajan, Hari K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Although opinions on impacts of land market transfers are sharply divided, few studies explore the welfare- and productivity impact of land markets on a larger scale. We use a large Indian panel spanning almost 20 years, together with a climatic shock (rainfall) indicator, to assess the productivity- and equity-impact of market-mediated land transfers (sale and purchase) as compared to non-market ones (inheritance). While frequent shocks increase land market activity, an effect that is mitigated by presence of safety nets and banks- land sales markets improved productivity and helped purchasers, many of them formerly landless, to accumulate non-land assets and significantly enhance their welfare.
Is Degree of Rurality More Crucial to Small Firm Births than Access to Incubators? An Analysis of States' Relative Efficiencies in Promoting the Birth of Small Firms
Creators: name: Peake, Whitney O.
name: Marshall, Maria I.
name: Peake, Whitney O.
name: Marshall, Maria I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Economic development via firm birth has recently been an important topic for many state governments. However, ways in which state governments can influence firm births are not obvious, and their efficiency in fostering firm births in comparison to their peers is even less so. Focusing on the birth of small firms in the contiguous US, regression analysis and non-parametric efficiency testing are employed to determine both the expenditures state governments can target to indirectly promote small firm birth and their relative efficiency in utilizing these expenditures. The regression results reveal three significant expenditure inputs and one significant controlling factor in determining firm birth, while the efficiency tests regarding states' use of these expenditure inputs give insight as to how they compare to their peers in terms of efficient target expenditure use.
Investment Reluctance: Irreversibility or Imperfect Capital Markets? Evidence from German Farm Panel Data
Creators: name: Huettel, Silke
name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Odening, Martin
name: Huettel, Silke
name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Odening, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: investment decision
subject: irreversibility
subject: uncertainty
subject: q-model
subject: capital market imperfections
subject: generalized tobit model
subject: transition

description: Investment behavior at the firm level is characterized by lumpy adjustments and frequent periods of inactivity. Low investment rates are particularly puzzling in transition economies where an urgent need of modernization exists. The literature offers two explanations for. Firstly, neo-institutional finance theory focuses on the impacts of imperfect capital markets on investment decisions showing that the limited availability of financial funds may confine firms' investments. Secondly, real options theory asserts that the interaction of irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility may also result in investment reluctance. In this paper we suggest a generalized model that combines imperfect capital markets and real options effects. We also offer an econometric implementation that has the structure of a generalized tobit model. This model is applied to German farm panel data. We demonstrate that ignoring real options effects may lead to erroneous results when estimating the impact of imperfect capital markets on investment decisions.
How heavy can dark matter be? Constraining colourful unitarity with SARAH
Creators: name: Goodsell, Mark D.
name: Moutafis, Rhea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the automation of the calculation of perturbative unitarity constraints including scalars that have colour charges, and its release in SARAH 4.14.4. We apply this, along with vacuum stability constraints, to a simple dark matter model with colourful mediators and interesting decays, and show how it leads to a bound on a thermal relic dark matter mass well below the classic Griest-Kamionkowski limit.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Viscous shock solutions to the stochastic Burgers equation
Creators: name: Dunlap, Alexander
name: Ryzhik, Lenya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15, 35R60

description: We define a notion of a viscous shock solution of the stochastic Burgers equation that connects "top" and "bottom" spatially stationary solutions of the same equation. Such shocks generally travel in space, but we show that they admit time-invariant measures when viewed in their own reference frames. Under such a measure, the viscous shock is a deterministic function of the bottom and top solutions and the shock location. However, the measure of the bottom and top solutions must be tilted to account for the change of reference frame. We also show a convergence result to these stationary shock solutions from solutions initially connecting two constants, as time goes to infinity.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures; minor corrections in this version; to appear in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis
Does Crop Insurance Affect Crop Yields?
Creators: name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: O'Donoghue, Erik J.
name: Key, Nigel D.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: O'Donoghue, Erik J.
name: Key, Nigel D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: We use administrative data from the Federal crop insurance program to examine how yield distributions change as farmers cycle into and out of the program. We are able to do this by linking many years of crop insurance data by individual farm conditioning observed yields on the particular county and year in which they are observed. Armed with millions of observations, we examine many states and five major crops: corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton. We find little evidence that yield distributions are affected by insurance. An exception is rice in Arkansas, where insurance shifts the distribution markedly downward.
Marion Clawson's Contribution to Forestry
Creators: name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Marion Clawson
subject: forest
subject: economics
subject: resources
subject: policy
subject: timber
subject: recreation
subject: history

description: Marion Clawson passed away in April 1998 at the age of 92. He was a giant in the field of resource and environmental economics who devoted the last decade and one-half of his professional career to forest and forest related issues. He produced over 30 professional books and hundreds of papers. This paper presents a broad overview of his career as an economist, with a focus on his work in and influence on forestry and forest policy. From the early 1970s through to his last professional book in 1983, and his final professional contributions in the mid 1990s, Clawson devoted most of his professional efforts to forest issues. His influence on forests and forest policy was substantial, especially in the context of public policy toward America's publicly owned forested lands. He served as an external critic of the Forest Service, regularly calling for greater attention to be given to issues of economic efficiency in the management of public lands. His influence was probably greatest during the period from the early 1970s, when his service on the President's Advisory Panel on Timber and the Environment stimulated his interest in forestry, through the mid 1980s. During this period he authored several books on forestry and a number of influential articles.
Assessing Sustainability: Some Conceptual and Empirical Challenges
Creators: name: Toman, Michael
name: Lile, Ronald D.
name: King, Dennis M.
name: Toman, Michael
name: Lile, Ronald D.
name: King, Dennis M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: sustainable development
subject: integrated assessment
subject: environmental indicators

description: In this paper we address two related conceptual and practical challenges in assessing "sustainability." The first is the criteria to be used, in particular the relationship between sustainability and measures of economic well-being and the use of monetary versus nonmonetary indicators. The second is the problem of determining which physical scales to use for sustainability assessments when there are multiple and overlapping "communities" or stakeholder groups. While neither set of challenges admits a definitive solution, there has been progress on the first set of issues - in particular, through the development of multicriteria assessment strategies and stakeholder involvement processes. In contrast, the problem of how to assess sustainability in practice at multiple scales remains less well understood.
Supplemental table and figures for 'GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR (GHR) 6Ω PSEUDOEXON ACTIVATION - A NOVEL CAUSE OF SEVERE GROWTH HORMONE INSENSITIVITY (GHI)' manuscript by Cottrell et al.docx
Creators: name: Cottrell, Emily
name: Maharaj, Avinaash
name: Williams, Jack
name: Chatterjee, Sumana
name: Cirillo, Grazia
name: Giudice, Emanuele Miraglia Del
name: Festa, Adalgisa
name: Palumbo, Stefania
name: Capalbo, Donatella
name: Salerno, Mariacarolina
name: Pignata, Claudio
name: Savage, Martin
name: Schilbach, Katharina
name: Bidlingmaier, Martin
name: Hwa, Vivian
name: Metherell, Louise A
name: Grandone, Anna
name: Storr, Helen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110311 Medical Genetics (excl. Cancer Genetics)
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111403 Paediatrics

description: Supplementary table and figures for 'GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR (GHR) 6Ω PSEUDOEXON ACTIVATION - A NOVEL CAUSE OF SEVERE GROWTH HORMONE INSENSITIVITY (GHI)' manuscript by Cottrell et al.docx. This manuscript describes a novel GHR 6Ω pseudoexon inclusion resulting in a loss of GHR function consistent with a severe Growth Hormone Insensitivity phenotype. This represents a novel mechanism of Laron syndrome and is the first deep intronic variant identified causing severe postnatal growth failure.
Policy Instruments for Climate Change: How Can National Governments Address a Global Problem?
Creators: name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: global climate change
subject: policy instruments
subject: political and institutional barriers

description: There continues to be great debate about the desirability of taking actions to limit carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions, but it is important to consider policy instruments that can be employed to meet targets that may eventually be forthcoming. The theoretical advantages of market-based instruments, such as carbon taxes and systems of tradable carbon rights, are striking. In the U.S. domestic context, grandfathered tradable permits will probably be the preferred approach (if any) in the short run, although revenueneutral carbon taxes will hold greater promise in the long run. In the international context, a system of international tradable permits could provide important advantages over alternative approaches, but it is difficult to imagine what existing international institution could administer such a system. Hence, despite the great theoretical advantages of market-based approaches to addressing global climate change, neither domestic political barriers nor international institutional impediments to implementing these and other instruments should be underestimated.
Multilateral Trade Agreements and Market-Based Environmental Policies
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Yoshino, Yutaka
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Yoshino, Yutaka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: trade
subject: environment
subject: WTO
subject: GATT
subject: market-based policies

description: We review the legal provisions of the WTO regime that have important implications for national, market-based environmental policies. We evaluate those provisions for their effects on a member country's ability and incentives to design economically efficient environmental policies. International trade institutions do not recognize the polluter pays principle, posing some challenges for unilateral policies addressing cross-border pollutants and leakage. Nor do they recognize the economic equivalence of emission tax and permit regimes, leading to different potential constraints on policy design and leaving some environmental policies open to influence by protectionist motives. As many legality issues have yet to be disputed and resolved, opportunities exist to help the WTO and environmental institutions evolve in ways to enable and encourage good policymaking.
Electron self-energy from quantum charge fluctuations in the layered t-J model with long-range Coulomb interaction
Creators: name: Yamase, Hiroyuki
name: Bejas, Matías
name: Greco, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing a large-N scheme of the layered t-J model with the long-range Coulomb interaction, which captures fine details of the charge excitation spectra recently observed in cuprate superconductors, we explore the role of the charge fluctuations on the electron self-energy. We fix temperature at zero and focus on quantum charge fluctuations. We find a pronounced asymmetry of the imaginary part of the self-energy Im$Σ({\bf k}, ω)$ with respect to $ω= 0$, which is driven by strong electron correlation effects. The quasiparticle weight is reduced dramatically, which occurs almost isotropically along the Fermi surface. Concomitantly an incoherent band and a sharp side band are newly generated and acquire sizable spectral weight. All these features are driven by usual on-site charge fluctuations, which are realized in a rather high-energy region and yield plasmon excitations. On the other hand, the low-energy region with the scale of the superexchange interaction J is dominated by bond-charge fluctuations. Surprisingly, compared with the effect of the on-site charge fluctuations, their effect on the electron self-energy is much weaker even if the system approaches close to bond-charge instabilities. Furthermore, quantum charge dynamics does not produce a clear kink nor a pseudogap in the electron dispersion.
description: 49 pages, 17 figures
The Positive Political Economy of Instrument Choice in Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Keohane, Nathaniel O.
name: Revesz, Richard L.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Keohane, Nathaniel O.
name: Revesz, Richard L.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In the realm of environmental policy instrument choice, there is great divergence between the recommendations of normative economic theory and positive political reality. Four gaps stand out. First, despite the advantages of market-based policy instruments, they have been used to a minor degree, compared with conventional, command-and-control instruments. Second, pollution-control standards have typically been much more stringent for new than for existing sources, despite the inefficiency of this approach. Third, in the few instances in which market-based instruments have been adopted, they have nearly always taken the form of grandfathered tradeable permits, rather than auctioned permits or pollution taxes, despite the advantages in some situations of these other instruments. Fourth, the political attention given to market-based environmental policy instruments has increased dramatically in recent years. We search for explanations for these four apparent anomalies by drawing upon intellectual traditions from economics, political science, and law. We find that all fit quite well within an equilibrium framework, based upon the metaphor of a political market. In general, explanations from economics tend to refer to the demand for environmental policy instruments, while explanations from political science refer to the supply side. Overall, we find that there are compelling theoretical explanations for the four apparent anomalies, although these theories have yet to be empirically verified.
Supernova neutrino fluxes in HALO-1kT, Super-Kamiokande, and JUNO
Creators: name: Rosso, A. Gallo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the next galactic core-collapse supernova occurs, we must be ready to obtain as much information as possible. Although many present and future detectors are well equipped to detect $\overlineν_{\mathrm{e}}$ and $ν_x$ neutrinos, the detection of the $ν_{\mathrm{e}}$ species presents the biggest challenges. We assess the impact that a 1 ktonne lead-based detector, such as HALO-1kT, can have in constraining electron neutrino time-integrated fluxes. The study involves the detector taken alone as well as when combined with massive $\overlineν_{\mathrm{e}}$-sensitive detectors such as Super-Kamiokande and JUNO. We find that HALO-1kT alone is not able to strongly constrain the emission parameters. When combined with other detectors, however, the orthogonal information might be helpful in improving the $ν_{\mathrm{e}}$ total emitted energy and mean energy accuracy, up to about $50\%$, if no other $ν_{\mathrm{e}}$-sensitive channel is implemented. A discussion on the reconstruction of $\overlineν_{\mathrm{e}}$ and $ν_x$ species, as well as the total emitted energy, is also presented.
description: Revised model 9.6 solar masses. Figures and tables updated, results unchanged
Combination therapy of phytonanomedicine and post-biotic for the management of Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Bashir, Bushra
name: Vishwas, Sukriti
name: Gulati, Monica
name: Gupta, Gaurav
name: Singh, Sachin Kumar
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2024
Subjects: xanthohumol
NLCs
post-biotic
Parkinson's disease

description: EXCLI Journal; 23:Doc1234; ISSN 1611-2156
Counting nodal domains on surfaces of revolution
Creators: name: Karageorge, Panos D.
name: Smilansky, Uzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on special surfaces of revolution. For this separable system, the nodal domains of the (real) eigenfunctions form a checker-board pattern, and their number $ν_n$ is proportional to the product of the angular and the "surface" quantum numbers. Arranging the wave functions by increasing values of the Laplace-Beltrami spectrum, we obtain the nodal sequence, whose statistical properties we study. In particular we investigate the distribution of the normalized counts $\frac{ν_n}{n}$ for sequences of eigenfunctions with $K \le n\le K + ΔK$ where $K,ΔK \in \mathbb{N}$. We show that the distribution approaches a limit as $K,ΔK\to\infty$ (the classical limit), and study the leading corrections in the semi-classical limit. With this information, we derive the central result of this work: the nodal sequence of a mirror-symmetric surface is sufficient to uniquely determine its shape (modulo scaling).
description: 36 pages, 8 figures
Technologies for Meeting Future Global Demands for Food
Creators: name: Crosson, Pierre
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Crosson, Pierre
name: Anderson, Jock R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: agriculture
subject: environment
subject: green revolution
subject: research and development
subject: technology

description: Food can be produced under a number of technological conditions. Some observers hold that modern crop production technologies, typified by those embodied in the Green Revolution, are so intensive in the use of external inputs that they damage the environment and so are not sustainable. Those observers argue that "alternative" technologies that use fewer, safer external inputs mark the path toward agricultural sustainability. But the question arises: will those alternative technologies permit increases in global food production on the required scale? In this paper, we address this question and the conflicting arguments regarding the answer.
Parameter Estimation using Neural Networks in the Presence of Detector Effects
Creators: name: Andreassen, Anders
name: Hsu, Shih-Chieh
name: Nachman, Benjamin
name: Suaysom, Natchanon
name: Suresh, Adi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Histogram-based template fits are the main technique used for estimating parameters of high energy physics Monte Carlo generators. Parametrized neural network reweighting can be used to extend this fitting procedure to many dimensions and does not require binning. If the fit is to be performed using reconstructed data, then expensive detector simulations must be used for training the neural networks. We introduce a new two-level fitting approach that only requires one dataset with detector simulation and then a set of additional generation-level datasets without detector effects included. This Simulation-level fit based on Reweighting Generator-level events with Neural networks (SRGN) is demonstrated using simulated datasets for a variety of examples including a simple Gaussian random variable, parton shower tuning, and the top quark mass extraction.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables; v3: Updated to journal version
Delocalization Transition of Disordered Axion Insulator
Creators: name: Song, Zhi-Da
name: Lian, Biao
name: Queiroz, Raquel
name: Ilan, Roni
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Stern, Ady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The axion insulator is a higher-order topological insulator protected by inversion symmetry. We show that under quenched disorder respecting inversion symmetry {\it on average}, the topology of the axion insulator stays robust, and an intermediate metallic phase in which states are delocalized is unavoidable at the transition from an axion insulator to a trivial insulator. We derive this conclusion from general arguments, from classical percolation theory, and from the numerical study of a 3D quantum network model simulating a disordered axion insulator through a layer construction. We find the localization length critical exponent near the delocalization transition to be $ν=1.42\pm 0.12$. We further show that this delocalization transition is stable even to weak breaking of the average inversion symmetry, up to a critical strength. We also quantitatively map our quantum network model to an effective Hamiltonian and we find its low energy k$\cdot$p expansion.
description: 8+11 pages, 4+6 figures, some references added
Environmental Implications of the Foodservice and Food Retail Industries
Creators: name: Davies, Terry
name: Konisky, David M.
name: Davies, Terry
name: Konisky, David M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: foodservice
subject: food retail
subject: service sector
subject: environmental impact analysis
subject: sector environmental profile

description: The growing size and importance of service sector industries in the U.S. economy raises questions about the suitability of the current environmental management system to deal with perhaps a changing set of environmental concerns. This paper analyzes the environmental impacts associated with the activities undertaken and influenced by two service sector industries- foodservice (e.g., restaurants) and food retail (e.g., grocery stores). This paper is not a definitive analysis of the magnitude of the environmental effects of these industries, but is intended to be a comprehensive survey of the types of environmental implications-positive and negative-of these two service sectors. The foodservice and food retail industries are components of a larger industrial system, the food marketing system, that extends from the production of food to the marketing of food products to consumers. The U.S. foodservice industry comprises an estimated 831,000 individual establishments, employs an estimated 11 million people (about 8.6% of the U.S. workforce), and is expected to have total sales of $376 billion in 2000. The U.S. food retail industry encompasses approximately 126,000 grocery stores, employs approximately 3.5 million people (about 2.7% of the U.S. workforce), and had sales totaling $449 billion in 1998. For this analysis, we use a simple conceptual framework that segregates the environmental impacts of these industries into three categories: direct, upstream, and downstream. We conclude that, while the direct environmental impacts (e.g., energy use, solid waste generation, air and water emissions, food safety concerns, refrigerants) of these industries are important to recognize and address, opportunities also exist for these industries to address their upstream and downstream environmental impacts.
Compact solid-state laser source for 1S-2S spectroscopy in atomic hydrogen
Creators: name: Kolachevsky, N.
name: Alnis, J.
name: Bergeson, S. D.
name: Haensch, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a novel compact solid-state laser source for high-resolution two-photon spectroscopy of the $1S-2S$ transition in atomic hydrogen. The source emits up to 20 mW at 243 nm and consists of a 972 nm diode laser, a tapered amplifier, and two doubling stages. The diode laser is actively stabilized to a high-finesse cavity. We compare the new source to the stable 486 nm dye laser used in previous experiments and record 1S-2S spectra using both systems. With the solid-state laser system we demonstrate a resolution of the hydrogen spectrometer of 6 \times 10^{11} which is promising for a number of high-precision measurements in hydrogen-like systems.
Pathwise Conditioning of Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Wilson, James T.
name: Borovitskiy, Viacheslav
name: Terenin, Alexander
name: Mostowsky, Peter
name: Deisenroth, Marc Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: As Gaussian processes are used to answer increasingly complex questions, analytic solutions become scarcer and scarcer. Monte Carlo methods act as a convenient bridge for connecting intractable mathematical expressions with actionable estimates via sampling. Conventional approaches for simulating Gaussian process posteriors view samples as draws from marginal distributions of process values at finite sets of input locations. This distribution-centric characterization leads to generative strategies that scale cubically in the size of the desired random vector. These methods are prohibitively expensive in cases where we would, ideally, like to draw high-dimensional vectors or even continuous sample paths. In this work, we investigate a different line of reasoning: rather than focusing on distributions, we articulate Gaussian conditionals at the level of random variables. We show how this pathwise interpretation of conditioning gives rise to a general family of approximations that lend themselves to efficiently sampling Gaussian process posteriors. Starting from first principles, we derive these methods and analyze the approximation errors they introduce. We, then, ground these results by exploring the practical implications of pathwise conditioning in various applied settings, such as global optimization and reinforcement learning.
Calculating the Costs of Environmental Regulation
Creators: name: Pizer, William A.
name: Kopp, Raymond J.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Kopp, Raymond J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: social cost
subject: cost-benefit
subject: cost-effectiveness
subject: environmental regulation

description: Decisions concerning environmental protection hinge on estimates of economic burden. Over the past 30 years, economists have developed and applied various tools to measure this burden. In this paper, developed as a chapter for the Handbook of Environmental Economics, we present a taxonomy of costs along with methods for measuring those costs. At the broadest level, we distinguish between partial and general equilibrium costs. Partial equilibrium costs represent the burden directly borne by the regulated entity (firms, households, government), including both pecuniary and nonpecuniary expenses, when prices are held constant. General equilibrium costs reflect the net burden once all good and factor markets have equilibrated. In addition to partial equilibrium costs, these general equilibrium costs include welfare losses or gains in markets with preexisting distortions, welfare losses or gains from rebalancing the government's budget constraint, and welfare gains from the added flexibility of meeting pollution constraints through reductions in the use of higher-priced, pollution-intensive products. In addition to both partial and general equilibrium costs, we also consider the distribution of costs across households, countries, sectors, subnational regions, and generations. Despite improvements in our understanding of cost measurement, we find considerable opportunity for further work and, especially, better application of existing methods.
Can CCM law properly represent all extinction curves?
Creators: name: Geminale, Anna
name: Popowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of a large sample of lines of sight with extinction curves covering wavelength range from near-infrared (NIR) to ultraviolet (UV). We derive total to selective extinction ratios based on the Cardelli, Clayton and Mathis (1989, CCM) law, which is typically used to fit the extinction data both for diffuse and dense interstellar medium. We conclude that the CCM law is able to fit most of the extinction curves in our sample. We divide the remaining lines of sight with peculiar extinction into two groups according to two main behaviors: a) the optical/IR or/and UV wavelength region cannot be reproduced by the CCM formula; b) the optical/NIR and UV extinction data are best fit by the CCM law with different values of R_V. We present examples of such curves. The study of both types of peculiar cases can help us to learn about the physical processes that affect dust in the interstellar medium, e.g., formation of mantles on the surface of grains, evaporation, growing or shattering.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, in "Light, dust and chemical evolution", Journal of Physics: Conference Series