cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rapid Quantification of Methamphetamine: Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Chemometrics
Creators: name: Hughes, Juanita
name: Ayoko, Godwin
name: Collett, Simon
name: Golding, Gary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This rapid method could be used as a rapid alternative to the current UPLC method for non evidentary purposes. ThisFTIR technique agrees with the current method in the range form uncut to 0.3%methamphetamine, with linear calibration R2 value 96.37% and RMSEP 5.2. link to publisher online http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0069609
A Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Ruminant (Ungulata: Artiodactyla) and Ornithopod (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) Snouts: Comparative and Functional Ecomorphology
Creators: name: Tennant, Jon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Paleontology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: MSc thesis from 2010-2011. Data will be made available once it's conversion to the published side is complete. Results of this have been modified since completion, and are in prep for publication (Oct 2013)
Extractive Reserves: Building Natural Assets in the Brazilian Amazon
Creators: name: Hall, Anthony
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Amazonia possesses the world's largest remaining area of tropical rainforest (3.5 million sq. km). Despite three decades of settlement and intensive development, the forest is still relatively intact compared with similar areas elsewhere. The region is an increasingly important source of natural assets for both regional and national economic growth, and provides livelihood support to a population of several million. In addition, the Amazon supplies key environmental services in terms of the conservation of biological diversity, climate regulation, and watershed management, as well as sequestering an estimated ten percent of global carbon emissions.
Natural and Cultural Assets and Participatory Forest Management in West Africa
Creators: name: Amanor, Kojo Sebastian
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: This chapter explores the ways in which concepts of 'community' and 'environmental crisis' are constructed and implemented in contemporary forest policy in West Africa and the implications of these policies for the relationships among people, their production, and the environment. It argues that many West African communities have interacted with the environment in ways that have enhanced the natural resource base. A forestry strategy rooted in a conception of building natural assets – rather than in protecting a threatened and ostensibly pristine nature from human intervention, as characterizes much environmental thinking – can meet the objectives of reducing poverty and protecting the environment. This alternative approach would address the alienation of the rural poor from mainstream environmental policies and would be a step in the direction of harmonizing popular aspirations with forestry policy.
The Rise of European Unemployment: A Synopsis
Creators: name: Stockhammer, Engelbert
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: This paper takes Keynesian macroeconomics and growth theory as its starting point and uses it to analyse the rise of unemployment in the large European economies. In a nutshell the explanation proposed in a series of papers2 is the following. Employment growth is determined by demand growth. The path of growth is set by investment decisions. Changes in labor market institutions are unable to explain the rise in unemployment. Econometric evidence on the relative explanatory power of labor market institutions and capital accumulation in explaining labor market variables are presented in Stockhammer (2004a). I conclude that capital accumulation determines the development on the labor market. Consequently the question of why capital accumulation has slowed down arises. It will be argued that changes in the relation between the financial sector and the real sector of the economy, a phenomenon to be labeled ‘financialization’ (Stockhammer 2004b) is at the root of this slowdown.
Was the IMF's Imposition of Economic Regime Change in Korea Justified? A critique of the IMF's economic and political role before and after the crisis
Creators: name: Crotty, James
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: As late as October 1997 the IMF declared that the Korean economy was experiencing a
temporary liquidity squeeze, not a solvency problem. Yet in December 1997 Deputy
Managing Director Stanley Fischer declared that Korea suffered from a systemic
“breakdown of economic relations” so complete that only radical economic restructuring
could restore prosperity. The IMF attached what it called “extreme structural
conditionality” to its loan agreements with Korea, demanding a complete and rapid
transition from Korea’s traditional East Asian economic model to a globally integrated
neoliberal model. We subject the IMF’s assertion that the allocative efficiency of the
Korean economy had collapsed by 1997 to a number of empirical tests, including time
series and cross-section analyses of capital productivity and corporate profitability, and
firm and industry level econometric tests of the proposition that investment spending was
excessive and misallocated in the pre-crisis period. This evidence does not support the
IMF’s systemic breakdown claim. We conclude that the IMF’s imposition of “extreme
structural conditionality” on Korea is best understood as an illegitimate and antidemocratic
exercise of power designed to meet the needs of the IMF’s key constituents
rather than those of the majority of Korea’s people.
Another Distortion of Adam Smith: The Case of the "Invisible Hand"
Creators: name: Meeropol, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: This paper addresses a major omission in the way textbook writers and journalists
utilize Adam Smith’s concept of the “invisible hand” to make Adam Smith an intellectual
precursor of modern neo-liberal economic policy. Specifically, the paper addresses the
use of the concept of the “invisible hand” by Adam Smith to address two major issues in
the debate over neo-liberal policy: the international flow of capital and its role in the
location of investment projects and the inequality in the distribution of income that might
result from certain policies.
The neo-liberal mantra about Adam Smith’s invisible hand asserts that so long as
there is sufficient competition and no government intervention beyond the protection of
life, liberty and property, the pursuit of individual self interest will result in an
improvement in the aggregate well being of society as a whole. This is true even if
investments are made overseas and if economic inequality increases. Aside from some
contributions to the professional literature, virtually everyone else who writes about the
invisible hands ignores what Adam Smith actually said. This paper restates what Smith
said when he used the term “invisible hand” in both The Wealth of Nations and in The
Theory of Moral Sentiments. It places his use of the term in context to illustrate how far
Smith departs from the distortions of his neo-liberal self-described admirers.
The Economic Impact of Living Wage Ordinances
Creators: name: Brenner, Mark D.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Drawing upon both prospective and retrospective evidence, this paper reviews the
economic effects of local living wage ordinances. I concentrate my attention on the higher costs
these measures create for covered firms, as well as their budgetary implications vis-à-vis cities
that adopt them. I also briefly review the effect that living wage laws have had on bidding
environment for city service contracts. Based on a range of cost estimates associated with living
wage laws, I then examine the adjustment channels firms are likely to pursue when adjusting to
higher labor costs, including: raising prices; increasing firm productivity; redistributing income
within the firm; laying off employees; and relocating out of the area covered by the living wage
mandate.
Human capital-based Income Projections for Sub-Saharan Africa: To what extent do human capital dynamics affect income convergence and economic growth in Sub- Saharan Africa?
Creators: name: Chukwuma, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: The importance of education for human and socio-economic development at the individual level seems intuitive. Experience has shown that education and the resultant improved life-choices enable individuals to better take care of themselves and their families. However, there have been inconsistencies in the field of development economics in determining significant coefficents that prove the positive impact of education on economic growth. As Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains amongst the least developed regions of the world, educational policies are expected to assist in the achievement of other developmental goals, such as ensuring food security and the reduction of poverty. This study has developed a suitable model based upon existing growth theory, which includes both human and physical capital in addition to total factor productivity. The econonometric regressions addressed in this study confirm the importance of education for economic growth, in particular amongst poplations with secondary and tertiary education; this is supported by the literature. Human capital-based income projections indicate that income convergence in SSA may be observed in the future if human capital investments are augmented. Resting on this result, it is possible to make recommendations to improve educational policies in the region, including boosting secondary and tertiary eduation. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of supporting employment creation and inclusive growth.
Review of A genetic selection reveals functional metastable structures embedded in a toxin-encoding mRNA
Creators: name: Gisela Storz, Kenn Gerdes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Masachis, Darfeuille et al. analyse a type I toxin - antitoxin (TA) module of the major human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Expression of toxins encoded by Type I modules is controlled by small, labile, cis-encoded antisense RNAs and often also by complicated mRNA metabolism that envolves conserved mRNA folding pathways and/or mRNA processing. Using a combination of elegant and robust in vitro and in vivo methods, the authors first show that that the aapA3/IsoA3 TA system of Hp is regulated in a way very similar to that of the homologous aapA1/IsoA1 system from the same organism (Figs 1 and 2). This initial part of the manuscript sets the stage for the next step, where the authors employ a powerful genetic screen combined with deep sequencing to identify single nucleotide changes that abolish production of the AapA3 toxin (Fig. 3). This principle, which was invented by the authors, is technically robust, intellectually attractive and very powerful, and may yield novel insights that at present cannot be reached by other approaches. In particular, the authors discover that single point mutations outside the toxin gene reading frame suppress toxin gene translation. Focusing on the translation initiation region, they discover two mRNA hairpin structures that, when stabilized by single base changes, reduce translation by preventing ribosome binding (Figs 4-6). They propose that these structures are metastable and form during transcription to keep the toxin translation-rate low, as explained in the model figure (Fig. 7).
Capital inflows, policy responses, and their ill consequences: Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia in the decade before the crises
Creators: name: García, Clara
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Capital inflows, especially when volatile, denominated in foreign currencies and not properly hedged
against exchange rate risks, may pose macroeconomic and financial problems in the recipient economy.
In this paper we analyze the mechanisms through which those problems arise; and we assess the
policies that national authorities may resort to in order to prevent them, under the assumption that
capital inflows are the result of previous stabilization and liberalization packages. Also, we study the use
and effectiveness of policy responses to capital inflows in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia in the years
prior to the 1997-98 financial crises. We conclude that policies that reinforce the stabilization and
adjustment trends of the 1980s are more likely to be (at least partially) ineffective or even
counterproductive, whereas the measures that depart from those trends appear to have a higher
potential for effectiveness but face obstacles to implementation.
Deepening Divides in the U.S. Economy, 2004: Jobless Recovery and the Return of Fiscal Deficits
Creators: name: Pollin, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Writing in March 2004, two manifestations of the current conditions have become most prominent, having become, in fact, major news stories on an almost daily basis as we move deeply into the Presidential election season.  The first is the so called “jobless recovery” from the 2001 recession, and the second is the return to large fiscal deficits by the federal government.  In what follows, I wish to consider both of these developments, showing how they both reflect and reinforce the economy’s negative trajectory, though not primarily for the reasons that have been most prominently cited in mainstream discussions of these topics.
title: Corporate Personhood and Constitutional Rights in the US
Creators: name: Winkler, Adam
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 340

description: In “Corporate Personhood and Constitutional Rights in the US,” I will chronicle the astonishing story of one of the most successful yet least well-known civil rights movements in American history: the two-centuries long battle for constitutional rights for corporations. Although never oppressed like women and minorities, business corporations too have fought to win equal rights under the Constitution—and today have nearly all the same rights as ordinary people. I will show how recent controversies in the US over the extension of religious and political rights to corporations reflect a longstanding effort to make corporations “people” under the law. The corporate rights movement, led by the most powerful and influential corporations in the economy, transformed the Constitution from a charter of protection for the most vulnerable into a bulwark against the regulation of big business.
Review (for Challenge Magazine) of The Roaring Nineties: A New History of the World’s Most Prosperous Decade by Joseph E. Stiglitz
Creators: name: Pollin, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: In The Roaring Nineties, Professor Joseph Stiglitz delivers a forceful and largely effective attack on U.S. economic policy during the Presidency of Bill Clinton.  The author undertakes this criticism despite the fact that Bill Clinton chose him to serve as a Member and then Chair, of his Council of Economic Advisors.  In 1997, Stiglitz moved on to become Chief Economist at the World Bank, another position which he could not have obtained without the endorsement of the Clinton Administration.   In the book’s preface, Stiglitz makes clear his sincere appreciation to President Clinton for appointing him to these senior policymaking posts.  But such expressions of gratitude deter Stiglitz only momentarily.    Indeed, Stiglitz’s critique of Clintonomics becomes increasingly  focused and passionate as the book proceeds, though Clinton himself is generally spared.
Air Pollution and Per Capita Income
Creators: name: Bouvier, Rachel A.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: During the last decade, researchers have investigated the relationship between per capita
income and environmental quality. This paper disaggregates the relationship between per
capita income and emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and
volatile organic compounds into scale, composition and technology effects, using data
from European and North American countries from the period 1980-1986. Results
indicate that the scale effect outweighs the composition and technology effects in the
cases of carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds, while the opposite is true in the
cases of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. The results also suggest that greater
democracy is associated with lower emissions of all four pollutants.
Elements of an Employment Framework for Poverty Reduction in Ghana
Creators: name: Heintz, James
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: The study found that, unlike many other Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), the GPRS presents employment as a core objective of the policy framework. In formulating and implementing the GPRS, the Government of Ghana has already established a solid foundation of employment-targeted programmes. However, despite this foundation, the employment content of the GPRS must be strengthened across a number of dimensions if sustainable poverty reduction is to be achieved. Specifically, an integrated employment framework for poverty reduction should be developed as part of the revision process for the GPRS.
A Future for Small Farms? Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture
Creators: name: Boyce, James K.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Small farms play a crucial role in conserving the agricultural biodiversity that underpins longterm
food security worldwide. Particularly in centers of crop genetic diversity – such as
Mesoamerica in the case of maize (corn) and the Andean region in the case of potatoes – small
farmers are the ‘keystone species’ in agricultural ecosystems of great value to humankind.
Today, however, a formidable nexus of market forces and political forces threatens both small
farmers and the biodiversity they sustain. Countervailing public policies are urgently needed.
These should include the removal of existing policy biases against small farmers; social
recognition of the contribution of in situ conservation to human well-being; development of
markets for ‘traditional’ varieties of crops and livestock; the provision of local public goods in
areas where farmers cultivate diversity; payments for the environmental service of on-farm
conservation; and support for part-time farming as an element of diversified household
livelihood strategies.
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY IN CHILDREN WITH HEARING DISORDERS
Creators: name: Prystupa Tetyana
name: Bolach Bartosz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education

description: Assessment of general physical efficiency in children with hearing organ impairment was researched with respect to the impairment degree. The research included 32 children suffering from hearing organ impairments of various degrees, in the Hearing Disorders Child Centre in Wroclaw. The European Physical Efficiency Test “Eurofit” was used in the research. The results showed that hearing impairment does not statistically significantly differentiates predispositions for balance disorder tolerance. Additionally, it was stated that the impairment degree had only slight influence on children’s physical efficiency, and what is most important, physical efficiency of children with hearing disorders was similar to average efficiency among hearing children.
International Environmental Justice: Building the Natural Assets of the World’s Poor
Creators: name: Harper, Krista
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: In recent years, vibrant social movements have emerged across the world to fight for
environmental justice – for more equitable access to natural resources and environmental quality,
including clean air and water. In seeking to build community rights to natural assets, these
initiatives seek to advance simultaneously the goals of environmental protection and poverty
reduction. This paper sketches the contours of struggles for environmental justice within and
among countries, and illustrates with examples primarily drawn from countries of the global
South and the former Soviet bloc.
The Pyu Civilization of Myanmar and the City of Śrī Kṣetra
Creators: name: Lwin, U Thein Lwin
name: Kyaing, U Win
name: Stargardt, Janice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pyu

description: U Thein Lwin, U Win Kyaing, and Janice Stargardt, "The Pyu Civilization of Myanmar and the City of Śrī Kṣetra," in Lost Kingdoms, edited by John Guy et al (New York, 2014).
Exploring the Demographic Factors Affecting Passage of Living Wage Ordinances
Creators: name: Levin-Waldman, Oren M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: In this paper, I examine some of those features on the basis of data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) by comparing cities that passed ordinances to those that did not. What I intend to show is the following: cities with certain demographics, particularly higher concentrations of immigrants from south of the American border, lower levels of educational attainment, more people in low wage industries, and higher rates of income inequality, appear to be more likely to pass living wage ordinances than those cities that do not have these demographics. This, of course, would raise the further question of what would be more important in explaining why some cities are more predisposed to passing ordinances over others.  Is it the various demographic variables or the level of income inequality? And for that matter, what do these variables necessarily have to do with the efforts of  local organizers to mobilize grass-roots campaigns in response? Do growing inequalities in urban labor markets create incentives for collective action to launch living wage campaigns?
Rising Foreign Outsourcing and Employment Losses in U.S. Manufacturing, 1987-2002
Creators: name: Burke, James
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Foreign outsourcing, otherwise known as off-shoring, has become a matter of
intense public debate and great concern in the United States presidential contest,
especially in light of the large job losses experienced by U.S. workers since George Bush
became president. Yet, there is a lack of good data on foreign outsourcing since the early
1990s. This paper presents updated measures of foreign outsourcing for the recent period.
Its main findings are that the share of foreign-sourced goods in total manufactured inputs
almost doubled – from 12.4% to 22.1%– in U.S. manufacturing between 1987 and 2002.
Since the early 1990s, outsourcing has accelerated in key industries and has been
associated with a loss of employment. In particular, for the period from 1997 to 2002,
there has been a strong association between manufacturing job losses and foreign
outsourcing.
The contribution of teachers of the second half of XIX - early XX century in the development of anthropological ideas
Creators: name: Ionova, Elena
name: Kot Ye.P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education

description: Identified and systematized group of leading anthropological ideas: the idea of self-worth of the human person, humanization of education, universal education; the idea of the holistic development of the child, educating and developing training; the idea of self-development and self-realization, the child’s activity in the learning process; the idea of correspondence with nature of child development, and the nation, correspondence with culture and nationality in pedagogy; the idea of free education; the idea of the influence of the teacher’s personality on the development of the child. The contribution of teachers of observable period in the development of anthropological ideas: anthropological study of universalism as the foundation of the theory and practice of pedagogy; identifying goals, objectives, principles, conditions of humanely and anthropological education; identify requirements for teacher as anthropologist; the development of psychological and pedagogical foundations of holistic development and self-identity, concepts of national schools, the content of anthropo-oriented primary education, organizational forms and methods of implementation; extension of terminological field of research problem. Justified the stages of development of anthropological ideas in domestic pedagogy of observable period.
MUHANDISLIK GRAFIKASI FANINI O'QITISHDA SHRIFT YOZUVLARIGA QO'YILADIGAN TALABLAR
Creators: name: Kozimova, Gulchiroy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Bugungi kunda oliy ta'lim tizimini rivojlantirishning hozirgi bosqichida o'quv samaradorligini oshirishning eng muhim shartlaridan biri bu talabalar faoliyati va talimning didaktik printsipiga asoslangan o'quv faoliyatini shakllantirishdir. Ta'limdagi bilimlarning uzluksizligi muammosi tobora keskinlashib bormoqda. Texnikaviy bilimlarni egallashning bosh shartlaridan biri – bu grafik savodxonlik – chizmalarni o‘qiy olish va ongimizdagi texnikaviy fikrlarni grafik tomondan chizmalarda to‘g‘ri aks ettirishdir.
Collective Action in Early Literature: Issues for a Clear Definition, the Role of the 'Tragedy' and its Translation in the Game Theoretical Framework
Creators: name: Proserpio, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Science
Economics

description: The paper discusses the taxonomies of collective-action-related goods. The paper proposes a taxonomy of common pool resource goods, considering public good as a limit case. The taxonomy is not only based on rivarly, but the dimension of "jointness of supply" is used throughout the paper for determing when the "tragedy of commons" is likely to occur (always, as per theorethical expectations).
Declining Corporate Income Taxes in the 1990s: A State-by-State Analysis of Effective Tax Rates
Creators: name: Braunstein, Elissa
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Between 1995 and 2000, inflation-adjusted federal corporate income taxes grew an average of 2.0 percent a year; the annual average for state and local corporate tax revenue actually declined by 0.12 percent during the same period.  A number of statelevel studies have documented this decline by showing that corporations are paying a declining share of state taxes.  But such results are inconclusive because they do not control for changes in corporate profitability.  In this paper we use data from the National Income and Product Accounts to create a time series of corporate profits by state, enabling us to investigate corporate income taxes while controlling for corporate profits.  Our findings are striking:  out of the 42 states studied, 41 show a statistically significant decline in their effective corporate income tax rates between 1991 and 2001.  The average decline for all states is 4.6 percent per year, which means that effective corporate income tax rates fell by a little over one-third over the decade of the 1990s and into 2001.  After accounting for the impact of the growth in income of S corporations, this means that states lost about $11 billion on corporate income tax revenue in fiscal 2002 due to the decline in effective corporate income tax rates.
Compensation for Environmental Services and Rural Communities: Lessons from the Americas
Creators: name: Rosa, Herman
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: In principle, payments for environmental services – such as watershed management, biodiversity
conservation, and carbon sequestration – can advance the goals of both environmental protection
and poverty reduction. A review of recent initiatives in the Americas suggests, however, that this
desirable combination is not automatic. If payments for environmental services (PES) schemes
are to be an effective vehicle for strengthening livelihoods in poor rural communities, they must
be designed with that objective firmly in mind. This paper draws key lessons from diverse
experiences in Costa Rica, Mexico, Brazil, El Salvador, and New York.
title: Immer noch lückenhaft: Zum aktuellen Regierungsentwurf für ein Whistleblower-Schutzgesetz
Creators: name: Brockhaus, Robert
name: Gerdemann, Simon
name: Thönnes, Christian
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 342

description: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional
Attitudes Towards Alternative Management Policies For Public Recreation Lands
Creators: name: Samnaliev, Mihail
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Public recreation land management agencies have been searching for ways to increase revenue. User fees as implemented by the Fee Demonstration Program have received the most attention. Corporate sponsorships and private donations have also been implemented and other options, such as partial privatization, closure of some areas, and different forms of public-private partnerships have been debated. The present paper reports results from a 2002 mail survey of randomly selected Idaho and New Hampshire households, designed to elicit public attitudes about a wide variety of management policies for public (federal/state) recreation lands. The most socially acceptable forms for raising revenue were donation boxes (61.1%), corporate sponsorships for visitor centers (61.8%) and education facilities (61.1%), and adopt-a-site contracts (81.0%). Both increased taxes and user fees faced greater opposition (about 49% of respondents) than support (39%). In addition, user fees have resulted in (reported) changes in behavior among a quarter of the respondents, and may have stronger negative impact on low-
income households and on the users of public recreation lands.
This study is relevant to the current debate in Congress about the future of the Fee Demonstration Program. Our findings can also be used by policy makers interested in raising revenue through socially acceptable management policies. Our results suggest that donations, adopt-a-site and corporate sponsorships (for selected areas) should be used to raise additional revenues, and if additional funding is needed, policy makers may be justified to advocate for
increased taxation rather than fees.
Astropy Proposal for Enhancement 14: A shared Python interface for World Coordinate Systems (APE 14)
Creators: name: Robitaille, Thomas
name: Tollerud, Erik
name: Mumford, Stuart
name: Ginsburg, Adam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Astronomical data are often provided with information about the “real-world” coordinates that correspond to pixel coordinates. This mapping is the essence of the “World Coordinate System (WCS)” concept. In addition to FITS WCS (the origin of the “WCS” term), other WCS standards/representations are becoming necessary for new missions and observatories (e.g., the James Webb Space Telescope or the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope). In order to build functionality in Astropy and affiliated packages that may require use of WCS, having to deal with different kinds of WCS objects with different APIs will be essentially impossible. Thus, the purpose of this APE is to define a standardized interface to WCS objects based on simple objects (strings, scalars, and arrays). Packages implementing WCS objects will then be able to either modify their classes to conform to the API recommended here or build thin wrappers that conform to the API. The APE also provides a recommendation for a high-level object to be implemented in Astropy that understands familiar Python objects such as SkyCoord, Time, and other Astropy classes.

Note: this APE14 was originally accepted on 2018-Feb-28, but due to issues with implementation was significantly revised on 2018-November-9. This Zenodo record is for the revised version.
Review of Androgen-regulated transcription of ESRP2 drives alternative splicing patterns in prostate cancer
Creators: name: Juan Valcárcel, James L Manley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The manuscript from Munkley, Elliott and colleagues shows that the epithelial splicing regulator ESRP2 is transcriptionally upregulated by the androgen receptor (AR), an observation based on a previous study of gene expression changes in response to androgen in the androgen receptor positive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line by some of these investigators. ESRP2 upregulation leads to a series of changes in alternative splicing, including switches with potential effects in disease relapse and metastasis which correlate with disease outcomes. Prostate cancer is driven by androgens via AR, and therapy involves androgen deprivation (ADT) to slow progression. However, it has also been reported that ADT promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) (e.g. Sun et al, 2012), which might be related to the common progression to castration resistant prostate cancer following ADT. Munkley et al show that levels of ESRP2 are reduced after androgen deprivation in 7 prostate cancer patients. A number of other analyses using additional cell lines, a xenograft model, and data from other published prostate cancer samples leads to a general proposal that a decrease in ESRP2 expression (but not ESRP1) and some splicing changes associated with its depletion following androgen deprivation may be associated with prostate cancer progression and worse outcomes. One highlighted example is exon 30 in FLNB, skipping of which is associated with metastatic progression in breast cancer. A number of papers describing roles for ESRP1/2 in various cancers including breast, colorectal, lung, and ovarian carcinomas have yielded conflicting conclusions on the role of ESRPs or epithelial-specific isoforms it regulates, such as CD44, in cancer progression and/or patient outcomes. In some cases ESRPs are proposed to be tumor suppressors, whereas in other cases they are proposed to promote more aggressive cancers (see, for example, Zhang et al., Genes and Dev 33: 166-179 and references therein). As cited by the authors, a recent manuscript reports that duplication and increased expression of ESRP1 (which would largely promote the same splicing events as ESRP2) is associated with more aggressive human prostate cancers. Thus, a central question is whether the current manuscript can provide further clarity regarding the general role of ESRPs (including ESRP2) in cancer, including prostate cancer. Munkley et al raise the clinically-relevant point that current treatments for prostate cancer might have undesirable side-effects by inhibiting ESRP2 mediated splicing events. Overall, the manuscript is clearly presented. The data documenting the ESRP and AR regulated splicing program, and the restriction of tumor growth by ESRPs (Figs 1-4, 6) are very clear with very nice correlations between responses to ESRP overexpression, knockdown and androgen stimulation.
Levels, Differences and ECMs – Principles for Improved Econometric Forecasting
Creators: name: Allen, P. Geoffrey
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: An avalanche of articles has described the testing of a time series for the presence of unit roots. However, economic model builders have disagreed on the value of testing and how best to operationalise the tests. Sometimes the characterization of the series is an end in itself. More often, unit root testing is a preliminary step, followed by cointegration testing, intended to guide final model specification. A third possibility is to specify a general vector autoregression model, then work to a more specific model by sequential testing and the imposition of parameter restrictions to obtain the simplest data-congruent model ‘fit for purpose’. Restrictions could be in the form of cointegrating vectors, though a simple variable deletion strategy could be followed instead. Even where cointegration restrictions are sought, some commentators have questioned the value of unit root and cointegration tests, arguing that restrictions based on theory are at least as effective as those derived from tests with low power. Such a situation is, we argue, unsatisfactory from the point of view of the practitioner. What is needed is a set of principles that limit and define the role of the tacit knowledge of the model builders. In searching for such principles, we enumerate the various possible strategies and argue for the middle ground of using these tests to improve the specification of an initial general vector-autoregression model for the purposes of forecasting. The evidence from published studies supports our argument, though not as strongly as practitioners would wish.
Enforcing Transferable Permit Systems in the Presence of Transaction Costs
Creators: name: Chavez, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: In this paper we examine the impacts of transaction costs on enforcing a transferable emissions
permit system. We derive an enforcement strategy with a self-reporting requirement that
achieves complete compliance in a cost-effective manner. In the absence of transaction costs
targeted enforcement—the practice of monitoring some firms more closely than others—is
neither necessary nor desirable. In the presence of constant marginal transaction costs, buyers of
permits should be monitored more closely than sellers, but within groups of buyers and sellers
monitoring should be uniform. When marginal transaction costs are not constant, effective
monitoring will depend on whether a firm is a buyer or seller, its demand for permits relative to
its initial allocation, and whether marginal transaction costs are increasing or decreasing. We
also show that the initial distribution of permits can have an impact on total enforcement costs
in the presence of transaction costs, but only if marginal transaction costs are not constant.
However, firm conclusions about the impact of the initial distribution of permits on enforcement
costs will, in general, be situation-specific.
Direct and Market Effects of Enforcing Emissions Trading Programs: An Experimental Analysis
Creators: name: Murphy, James J.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Since firms in an emissions trading program are linked together through a permit market, so too
are their compliance choices. Thus, enforcement strategies for trading programs must account
for not only the direct effects of enforcement on compliance and emissions decisions, but also
the indirect effects that occur because changes in enforcement can induce changes in permit
prices. This paper uses laboratory experiments to test for these direct and indirect market
effects. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we find a direct effect of enforcement on
individual violations, as well as a countervailing market effect through the permit price. Thus,
the productivity of increased enforcement pressure to reduce noncompliance is partially offset
by a countervailing price effect. Furthermore, there is no direct effect of enforcement on the
emissions choices of firms, only a negative price effect. This suggests that the only way
increased enforcement can have an impact on environmental quality is if it is large enough and
applied widely enough to induce an increase in the equilibrium permit price.
The Economics of Implementing Traceability in Beef Supply Chains: Trends in Major Producing and Trading Countries
Creators: name: Souza-Monteiro, Diogo M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Countries have implemented traceability systems, especially after discovery of BSE in cattle, in order to quickly identify hazard sources. We compare the economic impacts of mandatory and voluntary systems in the EU, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, and the United States in terms of the systems’ breadth, depth, and precision.
Messing up disorder: how do missense mutations in the tumor suppressor protein APC lead to cancer?
Creators: name: Minde, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cell Biology

description: APC contains a huge disordered region
How do Commercial Publishers fit into Future Publishing
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Guenther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astronomy

description: The world of scientific publishing has been changing in the last decade, and probably will do so for another decade. New technologies provide exciting new capabilities. And efforts for more Open Access change the basis of publishing models. This contribution will describe some of the technological innovations that Springer is working on, like Author Mapper. It will also touch on some of the issues that arise from the efforts to prove more open access to the scientific literature.
in Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Offers a Strategy to Guard Wnt Signalling against Point Mutations
Creators: name: Minde, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biophysics

description: Experimental validation of large disordered regions in APC.
Hypothetical Bias in Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Studies
Creators: name: Ash, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: This paper uses a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between hypothetical bias
and the price respondents are asked to pay. For public goods, the results clearly
indicate a difference in the price elasticity between hypothetical and actual payment
conditions. Since the bias increases for larger dollar amounts, any simple guidelines,
such as NOAA’s “divide by two” rule of thumb, could be misleading. Future attempts
to calibrate contingent valuation responses should reflect this price sensitivity.
We Can Work (It) Out Together: Type 1 Diabetes Boot Camp for Adult Patients and Providers Improves Exercise Self-Efficacy
Creators: name: Dyck, Rebecca A.; Kleinman, Nora J.; Funk, Deanna Raelene; Yeung, Roseanne O.; Senior, Peter; Yardley, Jane E.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2018

Abstract
An Economic Valuation of Recreational Shellfishing On Cape Cod
Creators: name: Damery, David T.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: Estimated total value for recreational shellfishing on Cape Cod was $7.4 million in 2002, based
on results of a survey of 233 shellfish permit holders, a figure that has roughly kept pace with
inflation based on a similar study conducted in 1975. The total value is made up of two
components, the actual permit fees collected ($387,000) and an estimate of consumer surplus,
which was based on willingness to accept compensation to give up a fishing permit and hence is
unbounded by the survey respondents’ income.
An estimate based on willingness-to-pay (WTP) gave a total value estimate of $1.0 million in
2002. Additionally, participation in recreational shellfishing has fallen precipitously from
19,068 resident permits sold in 1975 to the 10,639 permits sold in 2002. The decline in the total
number of resident shellfishers is counteracted, in part, by rises in the number of senior and
nonresident permit holders in 2002 to 2,766 and 2,704 respectively.
An individual’s valuation of recreational shellfishing appears to be significantly influenced by a
number of factors including: the distance traveled to the shellfishing flats, the number of
shellfishing trips in the prior year, the number of years a permit has been held, the permit fee
paid and the individual’s income level.
Pricing-to-Market: Price Discrimination or Product Differentiation?
Creators: name: Lavoie, Nathalie
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2004

description: We employ a vertical differentiation model to examine the potential bias in pricing-tomarket
(PTM) results when using unit values aggregating differentiated products. Our
results show that: i) false evidence of PTM (“pseudo PTM”) is always found when
using unit values, whether the law of one price holds or not; and ii) the extent to which
results are biased due to pseudo PTM increases with the level of product differentiation.
Correspondingly, our simulation results suggest that: i) it is possible to get a statistically
significant estimate of the exchange rate coefficient, even when there is no real PTM;
ii) the probability of a false PTM finding increases with product differentiation. Pseudo
PTM is the result of a change in the mix of qualities imported when the exchange rate
changes.
Employment, Poverty, and Gender in Ghana
Creators: name: Heintz, James
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2005

description: This paper examines the connections among gender, employment, and poverty in
Ghana using data from the fourth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey.
The relationships are explored through a series of tabulations that shed light on
how labor force segmentation, different forms of employment, and gender
dynamics influence poverty rates and earnings of individuals and households. The
estimates suggest that substantial labor force segmentation is evident in Ghana.
Women are disproportionately represented in more precarious forms of
employment. In addition, poverty and earnings differ markedly from one
employment status category to the next. These results have important implications
for “pro-poor” employment policies in Ghana.
Social Attitudes, Labor Law, and Union Organizing: Toward A New Economics of Union Density
Creators: name: Palley, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2005

description: Much has been written about union wage bargaining. Much less has been written about union
density, which has been viewed as simply the employment outcome under the wage bargain.
This paper presents a new dynamic model of union density that exhibits multiple equilibria and
path-dependency. The model builds upon Freeman (1998) who identified the importance of
union spending on organizing and business spending on opposing unions. It emphasizes the
demand for union representation which depends on wage bargaining outcomes, the state of labor
law, and socio-economic factors impacting public attitudes to unions. The model is used to
provide a narrative account of the historical evolution of union density in the U.S. and to identify
factors important for its future evolution.
IMPLEMENTED REFORMS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE
Creators: name: Arzimatov Bobirmirzo Zokirjon ugli Doctoral student of Fergana polytechnic institute
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article provides information on investments, stages of tourism development and measures aimed at the tourism sector.

Keywords: Project, investment, infrastructure, capacity, tour operator, socio-psychological, network, visa, traditional, currency, market
Naming Strategies for Variables and Methods in Csharp
Creators: name: Filho, Nagib
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: nomenclature
variables
methods
C#

description: This article discusses the importance of proper naming in programming, especially in C#. It highlights how clear and descriptive names for variables and methods improve readability, maintenance, and collaboration in software projects. The text presents naming guidelines, such as the use of PascalCase and camelCase, as well as strategies for intuitively naming variables and methods.