cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Truncated Wigner approximation for the bosonic model of large spin baths
Creators: name: Yarmohammadi, Mohsen
name: Bolsmann, Katrin
name: Ribbeheger, Yvonne
name: Gräßer, Timo
name: Uhrig, Götz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central spin model has a wide applicability, it is ideally suited to describe a small quantum system, for instance a quantum bit, in contact to a bath of spins, e.g., nuclear spins, or other small quantum systems in general. According to previous work~[Röhrig \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 97}, 165431 (2018)], a large bath of quantum spins can be described as a bath of quantum harmonic oscillators. But the resulting quantum model is still far from being straightforward solvable. Hence we consider a chain representation for the bosonic degrees of freedom to study how well a truncated Wigner approximation of the effective model of harmonic oscillators works in comparison with other approximate and exact methods. Numerically, we examine the effect of the number of bath spins and of the truncation level, i.e., the chain length.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Amplifying the randomness of weak sources correlated with devices
Creators: name: Wojewodka, Hanna
name: Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.
name: Grudka, Andrzej
name: Horodecki, Michal
name: Horodecki, Karol
name: Horodecki, Pawel
name: Pawlowski, Marcin
name: Ramanathan, Ravishankar
name: Stankiewicz, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of device-independent randomness amplification against no-signaling adversaries has so far been studied under the assumption that the weak source of randomness is uncorrelated with the (quantum) devices used in the amplification procedure. In this work, we relax this assumption, and reconsider the original protocol of Colbeck and Renner using a Santha-Vazirani (SV) source. To do so, we introduce an SV-like condition for devices, namely that any string of SV source bits remains weakly random conditioned upon any other bit string from the same SV source and the outputs obtained when this further string is input into the devices. Assuming this condition, we show that a quantum device using a~singlet state to violate the chained Bell inequalities leads to full randomness in the asymptotic scenario of a large number of settings, for a restricted set of SV sources (with $0 \leq \varepsilon < (2^{(1/12)} - 1)/(2(2^{(1/12)} + 1)) \approx 0.0144$). We also study a device-independent protocol that allows for correlations between the sequence of boxes used in the protocol and the SV source bits used to choose the particular box from whose output the randomness is obtained. Assuming the SV-like condition for devices, we show that the honest parties can achieve amplification of the weak source, for the parameter range $0 \leq \varepsilon<0.0132$, against a class of attacks given as a mixture of product box sequences, made of extremal no-signaling boxes, with additional symmetry conditions. Composable security proof against this class of attacks is provided.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures
A geometric characterization of range-kernel complementarity
Creators: name: Drivaliaris, Dimosthenis
name: Yannakakis, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A05 (Primary) 47A10, 46C50 (Secondary)

description: We show that a bounded linear operator on a Banach space with closed range has range-kernel complementarity if and only if its generalized amplitude is less than $π$. An application to the strong convergence of the iterations of a bounded linear operator is also given.
Library resources, services, and space use at the National Institute of Environment Health Sciences
Creators: name: Vorhies, Emily J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012
Subjects: Surveys--Space problems of libraries
Special libraries

description: This study describes a survey sent to all National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) employees regarding space, services, and resources used in the library. The survey requested information about both use and non-use of the library as well as what resources and spaces employees would like to see in the library. Library staff kept statistics on the use of library spaces during the 2011 calendar year. The survey and statistics are used to create a picture of NIEHS library use and recommendations for the future. The survey results showed that while users are happy with electronic resources available to them, there are some improvements that could be made the library's physical space to better meet their needs. The literature consulted for the study focuses on libraries that have lost or elected to lose space and planning and design advice for libraries preparing for changes.
Additional file 3 of Community partnership approaches to safe sleep (CPASS) program evaluation
Creators: name: Lowell, Gina S.
name: Sanford, Jillian
name: Radecki, Linda
name: Hanes, Allison
name: Kozial, Bonnie
name: Clark, Felicia
name: McCain, Jennifer
name: Abbasi, Asim
name: Dalabih, Sevilay
name: Hoffman, Benjamin D.
name: Lee, Lois K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. CPASS Infant Safe Sleep Parent Family Survey
Multiplexed on-demand storage of polarization qubits in a crystal
Creators: name: Laplane, Cyril
name: Jobez, Pierre
name: Etesse, Jean
name: Timoney, Nuala
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Afzelius, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A long-lived and multimode quantum memory is a key component needed for the development of quantum communication. Here we present temporally multiplexed storage of 5 photonic polarization qubits encoded onto weak coherent states in a rare-earth-ion doped crystal. Using spin refocusing techniques we can preserve the qubits for more than half a millisecond. The temporal multiplexing allows us to increase the effective rate of the experiment by a factor of 5, which emphasizes the importance of multimode storage for quantum communication. The fidelity upon retrieval is higher than the maximum classical fidelity achievable with qubits encoded onto single photons and we show that the memory fidelity is mainly limited by the memory signal-to-noise ratio. These results show the viability and versatility of long-lived, multimode quantum memories based on rare-earth-ion doped crystals.
Spatial Decay and Limits of Quantum Solute-Solvent Interactions
Creators: name: Weng, Guorong
name: Pang, Amanda
name: Vlcek, Vojtech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular excitations in the liquid-phase environment are renormalized by the surrounding solvent molecules. Herein, we employ the GW approximation to investigate the solvation effects on the ionization energy of phenol in various solvent environments. The electronic effects differ by up to 0.4 eV among the five investigated solvents. This difference depends on both the macroscopic solvent polarizability and the spatial decay of the solvation effects. The latter is probed by separating the electronic subspace and the GW correlation self-energy into fragments. The fragment correlation energy decays with increasing intermolecular distance and vanishes at ~9 angstroms, and this pattern is independent of the type of solvent environment. The 9 angstrom cutoff defines an effective interacting volume within which the ionization energy shift per solvent molecule is proportional to the macroscopic solvent polarizability. Finally, we propose a simple model for computing the ionization energies of molecules in an arbitrary solvent environment.
Scientists' Perception of Endangered Data and Data Reuse
Creators: name: Carver, Nicholas B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012
Subjects: Digital preservation
Information sharing
Data
Focus groups

description: Scientific data across the globe are at-risk of being lost forever due to format obsolescence, improper storage conditions, and lack of metadata.  The Data-At-Risk Inventory was created to assess the scope of this growing problem.  It is important to consider the needs and attitudes of scientists in developing the Inventory.  This paper reports on a focus group study with 14 participants. The primary goal of the study is to better understand what scientists think about endangered data and data reuse.  The results suggest that scientists understand the importance of endangered data and data reuse, but are reluctant to share data or contribute to the Inventory unless it has a direct impact on their careers. These results will help inform the Data-At-Risk efforts going forward, aid in Inventory development, and add to the knowledge base on data sharing/reuse.
Rigidity and Curvature Estimates for Graphical Self-shrinkers
Creators: name: Guang, Qiang
name: Zhu, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44, 53C24

description: Self-shrinkers are hypersurfaces that shrink homothetically under mean curvature flow; these solitons model the singularities of the flow. It it presently known that an entire self-shrinking graph must be a hyperplane. In this paper we show that the hyperplane is rigid in an even stronger sense, namely: For $2 \leq n \leq 6$, any smooth, complete self-shrinker $Σ^n\subset\mathbf{R}^{n+1}$ that is graphical inside a large, but compact, set must be a hyperplane. In fact, this rigidity holds within a larger class of almost stable self-shrinkers. A key component of this paper is the procurement of linear curvature estimates for almost stable shrinkers, and it is this step that is responsible for the restriction on $n$. Our methods also yield uniform curvature bounds for translating solitons of the mean curvature flow.
description: 20 pages
Additional file 1 of An L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine exerts anti-fibrotic effects by attenuating TGF-β1 induced calcium response in an in vitro model of thyroid eye disease
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Pan, Yuan
name: Hu, Yunwei
name: Chen, Guanyu
name: Chen, Xiaoqing
name: Xie, Yanyan
name: Wang, Minzhen
name: Li, Zhuang
name: Huang, Jun
name: Shi, Yuxun
name: Huang, Haixiang
name: Zhang, Te
name: Wang, Mei
name: Zeng, Peng
name: Wang, Sha
name: Chen, Rongxin
name: Zheng, Yongxin
name: Zhong, Liuxueying
name: Yang, Huasheng
name: Liang, Dan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Genes associated with vital subunits of LTCC in TED-OFs.
Leisure-time Reading Habit of Older Adults in Shanghai of China, 1998 to 2008
Creators: name: Zhao, Mian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public libraries
Reading

description: This thesis investigates the leisure-time reading habit of elders in Shanghai, the largest city of China. The study explored the role of reading of Shanghai elders in their entire leisure-time habitual activities and the temporal changes of the reading behaviors in Shanghai elders from 1998 to 2008. The data come from the Shanghai Longitudinal Survey of Elderly Life and Opinion (SLOSELO), which has been conducted in 1998, 2003, 2005 and 2008. I find that reading is one of the major leisure-time activities in Shanghai elderly population, and in recent years, the reading habits becomes more popular when demographic factors such as age, gender and rural/urban residence are under control. I also find out that such an increasing trend of reading could be explained by the improvement of socioeconomic and health improvement in Shanghai elders. This study calls for attentions of the local librarians to adjust their information service for an increasing group of old age.
Parallel random LiDAR with spatial multiplexing of a many-mode laser
Creators: name: Kim, Kyungduk
name: Eliezer, Yaniv
name: Spitz, Olivier
name: Cao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and experimentally demonstrate parallel LiDAR using random intensity fluctuations from a highly multimode laser. We optimize a degenerate cavity to have many spatial modes lasing simultaneously with different frequencies. Their spatio-temporal beating creates ultrafast random intensity fluctuations, which are spatially demultiplexed to generate hundreds of uncorrelated time traces for parallel ranging. The bandwidth of each channel exceeds 10 GHz, leading to a ranging resolution better than 1 cm. Our parallel random LiDAR is robust to cross-channel interference, and will facilitate high-speed 3D sensing and imaging.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Micro-narrative questionnaire used in Depok City and Agam District
Creators: name: Krentel, Alison
name: Titaley, Christiana
name: Lynam, Timothy
name: Damayanti, Rita
name: Suharno, Nugroho
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: The questionnaires use a micro-narrative survey to elicit people's real-life experiences with the mass drug administration used in the elimination of lymphatic filariasis. The first questionnaire was revised after its use in the field. Both versions (that used in 2013/4 and that used in 2014/5) are included here.
Using WordPress as Content Management System for Community Newspaper Websites
Creators: name: Langston, Michelle M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010
Subjects: Content Management Systems
Web sites--Design
Information systems--Design
Web site development
News Websites
Websites-Design--Standards

description: This project examines how WordPress, a weblog publishing platform, can be used as a  content management system for community newspaper websites. Because it is free and  open source, WordPress has emerged as a viable alternative to its commercial  counterparts. This paper documents the planning, design, development and proposed  implementation procedures of "Citizen Press", a newspaper-style WordPress website  layout, or theme. The launch user of Citizen Press, The Carrboro Citizen, is a weekly  newspaper covering the town of Carrboro, North Carolina. The Carrboro Citizen will test  Citizen Press for several months to uncover bugs and usability issues. Later, a generic  version of Citizen Press will be released to the WordPress community so that similar  newspapers may use it. Citizen Press was designed with attention to web standards,  information architecture, usability, accessibility, cross-browser compatibility and search  engine optimization.
Relativistic hybrid stars with sequential first-order phase transitions in light of multimessenger constraints
Creators: name: Li, Jia Jie
name: Sedrakian, Armen
name: Alford, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider the properties of compact stars in which quark matter has low- and high-density phases that are separated by a first-order phase transition. Thus, unlike the commonly considered case of a single phase transition from hadronic to quark matter, our models of hybrid stars contain sequential phase transitions from hadronic matter to low- and then to high-density quark matter phases. We extend our previous study of the parameter space of hybrid stars with a single phase transition to those with sequential phase transitions, taking into account the constraints on the mass and radius of neutron stars from the NICER experiment, the experimental inferences of the neutron skin thickness of the lead nucleus by the PREX-II experiment, and constraints on the tidal deformability from the gravitational-wave event GW170817. We determine the range of the masses for which both twin and triplet configurations, i.e., identical-mass stars with two and three different values of radii, arise.
description: v2: matches published version, 11 pages, 11 figures
Biophysicochemical interaction of a clinical pulmonary surfactant with nano-alumina
Creators: name: Mousseau, F.
name: Borgne, R. Le
name: Seyrek, E.
name: Berret, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the interaction of pulmonary surfactant composed of phospholipids and proteins with nanometric alumina (Al2O3) in the context of lung exposure and nanotoxicity. We study the bulk properties of phospholipid/nanoparticle dispersions and determine the nature of their interactions. The clinical surfactant Curosurf, both native and extruded, and a protein-free surfactant are investigated. The phase behavior of mixed surfactant/particle dispersions was determined by optical and electron microscopy, light scattering and zeta potential measurements. It exhibits broad similarities with that of strongly interacting nanosystems such as polymers, proteins or particles, and supports the hypothesis of electrostatic complexation. At a critical stoichiometry, micron sized aggregates arising from the association between oppositely charged vesicles and nanoparticles are formed. Contrary to the models of lipoprotein corona or of particle wrapping, our work shows that vesicles maintain their structural integrity and trap the particles at their surfaces. The agglomeration of particles in surfactant phase is a phenomenon of importance since it could change the interactions of the particles with lung cells.
description: 19 pages 9 figures
Diversity and Inclusion Education at the School of Information and Library Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Creators: name: Krueger, Stephen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017
Subjects: Library schools
Diversity in organizations--study and teaching
Equity & inclusion
Social justice
Information science--Study & teaching
Library education

description: This study was conducted for a master’s paper at the School of Information and Library Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The project assessed the diversity and inclusion education available to SILS master’s students. The sample consists of course titles, descriptions, and syllabi from a two-year period (August 2015 through May 2017). The method used was content analysis, using a coding scheme based on existing literature as well as language and concepts found in the sample. It is hoped that the results provide a current depiction of the role of diversity and inclusion in the master’s degree at SILS.
Hardness of braided quantum circuit optimization in the surface code
Creators: name: Wasa, Kunihiro
name: Nishio, Shin
name: Suetsugu, Koki
name: Hanks, Michael
name: Stephens, Ashley
name: Yokoi, Yu
name: Nemoto, Kae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale quantum information processing requires the use of quantum error correcting codes to mitigate the effects of noise in quantum devices. Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes, are promising candidates as they can be implemented using only local interactions in a two-dimensional array of physical qubits. Procedures such as defect braiding and lattice surgery can then be used to realize a fault-tolerant universal set of gates on the logical space of such topological codes. However, error correction also introduces a significant overhead in computation time, the number of physical qubits, and the number of physical gates. While optimizing fault-tolerant circuits to minimize this overhead is critical, the computational complexity of such optimization problems remains unknown. This ambiguity leaves room for doubt surrounding the most effective methods for compiling fault-tolerant circuits for a large-scale quantum computer. In this paper, we show that the optimization of a special subset of braided quantum circuits is NP-hard by a polynomial-time reduction of the optimization problem into a specific problem called Planar Rectilinear 3SAT.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Morphisms, Symbolic sequences, and their Standard Forms
Creators: name: Dekking, F. Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary 68R15, Secondary 37B10, 11B85

description: Morphisms are homomorphisms under the concatenation operation of the set of words over a finite set. Changing the elements of the finite set does not essentially change the morphism. We propose a way to select a unique representing member out of all these morphisms. This has applications to the classification of the shift dynamical systems generated by morphisms. In a similar way, we propose the selection of a representing sequence out of the class of symbolic sequences over an alphabet of fixed cardinality. Both methods are useful for the storing of symbolic sequences in databases, like The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. We illustrate our proposals with the $k$-symbol Fibonacci sequences.
The Opinions of Literature Faculty and Students on Back-of-the-Book Indexes in Fiction
Creators: name: Barwick, Laura Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006
Subjects: Surveys--College Students
Indexing--Books
Surveys--Indexing
Indexing--Fiction
Deans Achievement Award--Best Masters Papers Awarded 2007

description: Back-of-the-book indexes are usually only printed in non-fiction books. This research investigated the opinions of literature faculty and students on including indexes in fiction books. Publishers may claim that an index for a fiction book is not worth the cost. However, no empirical studies have been conducted which try to assess demand. In order to begin to fill this gap in the literature, a survey was distributed to literature faculty and students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in order to assess their opinions towards the usefulness and value of fiction book indexes. The results suggest that there is a demand for indexes in fiction but some concerns may need to be addressed first. The results of this study may serve as a starting point for gauging market interest in buying fictional works printed with indexes that could potentially lead to a new field in indexing.
Additional file 7 of An L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine exerts anti-fibrotic effects by attenuating TGF-β1 induced calcium response in an in vitro model of thyroid eye disease
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Pan, Yuan
name: Hu, Yunwei
name: Chen, Guanyu
name: Chen, Xiaoqing
name: Xie, Yanyan
name: Wang, Minzhen
name: Li, Zhuang
name: Huang, Jun
name: Shi, Yuxun
name: Huang, Haixiang
name: Zhang, Te
name: Wang, Mei
name: Zeng, Peng
name: Wang, Sha
name: Chen, Rongxin
name: Zheng, Yongxin
name: Zhong, Liuxueying
name: Yang, Huasheng
name: Liang, Dan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 7: Fig. S6. Nimodipine exerts anti-fibrotic effects by suppressing the STAT1 signaling pathway. The potential transcriptional factor underlying the effect of nimodipine as well as the target genes were explored by the transcriptional target gene analysis. The heatmap exhibited a significant down-regulation of target genes associated with the STAT1 signaling pathway after nimodipine pretreatment (n = 3, each group). STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-beta 1; Nimo, nimodipine.
Blocking JavaScript without Breaking the Web: An Empirical Investigation
Creators: name: Amjad, Abdul Haddi
name: Shafiq, Zubair
name: Gulzar, Muhammad Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern websites heavily rely on JavaScript (JS) to implement legitimate functionality as well as privacy-invasive advertising and tracking. Browser extensions such as NoScript block any script not loaded by a trusted list of endpoints, thus hoping to block privacy-invasive scripts while avoiding breaking legitimate website functionality. In this paper, we investigate whether blocking JS on the web is feasible without breaking legitimate functionality. To this end, we conduct a large-scale measurement study of JS blocking on 100K websites. We evaluate the effectiveness of different JS blocking strategies in tracking prevention and functionality breakage. Our evaluation relies on quantitative analysis of network requests and resource loads as well as manual qualitative analysis of visual breakage. First, we show that while blocking all scripts is quite effective at reducing tracking, it significantly degrades functionality on approximately two-thirds of the tested websites. Second, we show that selective blocking of a subset of scripts based on a curated list achieves a better tradeoff. However, there remain approximately 15% `mixed` scripts, which essentially merge tracking and legitimate functionality and thus cannot be blocked without causing website breakage. Finally, we show that fine-grained blocking of a subset of JS methods, instead of scripts, reduces major breakage by 3.8$\times$ while providing the same level of tracking prevention. Our work highlights the promise and open challenges in fine-grained JS blocking for tracking prevention without breaking the web.
Forbidden integer ratios of consecutive power sums
Creators: name: Baoulina, Ioulia N.
name: Moree, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11D61, 11A07

description: Let $S_k(m):=1^k+2^k+\cdots+(m-1)^k$ denote a power sum. In 2011 Bernd Kellner formulated the conjecture that for $m\ge 4$ the ratio $S_k(m+1)/S_k(m)$ of two consecutive power sums is never an integer. We will develop some techniques that allow one to exclude many integers $ρ$ as a ratio and combine them to exclude the integers $3\le ρ\le 1501$ and, assuming a conjecture on irregular primes to be true, a set of density $1$ of ratios $ρ$. To exclude a ratio $ρ$ one has to show that the Erdős-Moser type equation $(ρ-1)S_k(m)=m^k$ has no non-trivial solutions.
description: 28 pages, 3 tables; accepted for publication in the book "From Arithmetic to Zeta-Functions - Number Theory in Memory of Wolfgang Schwarz"
Quantum Circuit Components for Cognitive Decision-Making
Creators: name: Widdows, Dominic
name: Rani, Jyoti
name: Pothos, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper demonstrates that some non-classical models of human decision-making can be run successfully as circuits on quantum computers. Since the 1960s, many observed cognitive behaviors have been shown to violate rules based on classical probability and set theory. For example, the order in which questions are posed in a survey affects whether participants answer 'yes' or 'no', so the population that answers 'yes' to both questions cannot be modeled as the intersection of two fixed sets. It can, however, be modeled as a sequence of projections carried out in different orders. This and other examples have been described successfully using quantum probability, which relies on comparing angles between subspaces rather than volumes between subsets. Now in the early 2020s, quantum computers have reached the point where some of these quantum cognitive models can be implemented and investigated on quantum hardware, by representing the mental states in qubit registers, and the cognitive operations and decisions using different gates and measurements. This paper develops such quantum circuit representations for quantum cognitive models, focusing particularly on modeling order effects and decision-making under uncertainty. The claim is not that the human brain uses qubits and quantum circuits explicitly (just like the use of Boolean set theory does not require the brain to be using classical bits), but that the mathematics shared between quantum cognition and quantum computing motivates the exploration of quantum computers for cognition modeling. Key quantum properties include superposition, entanglement, and collapse, as these mathematical elements provide a common language between cognitive models, quantum hardware, and circuit implementations.
Local Area Networks: tracking the physical layer via a web database
Creators: name: King, L. Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer Networks--Management
Local Area Networks--Management
Database design
Database management
Web databases

description: This project analyzes the computer networking information system at the Kenan-Flagler Business School (KFBS) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The goal of this project is to optimize the information system in order to facilitate network troubleshooting and network provisioning. The Local Area Network at KFBS is comprised of over 100 Ethernet network switches and provides data network connectivity to over 2500 data ports and 2000 users. The purpose of a network information system is to track the various components of the system, which include items such as client IP addresses, data ports, room numbers, usernames, switch IP addresses, switch ports, telecommunication closets, MAC addresses, and computer names. The current system used to track and administer the computer data network at KFBS is incomplete and ineffective, mainly because it uses several sources to store the data. These sources include a DHCP database containing limited information such as IP addresses, usernames, and MAC addresses and several additional spreadsheets. This project proposes a single relational database management system to replace the current system. A comprehensive database is designed in Microsoft Access and a detailed discussion of the development process includes an entity relationship diagram, database schema, and data dictionary. Lastly, a password-protected Web interface is designed and implemented in Cold Fusion. This database-driven Web site provides simple, secure access to dynamic and searchable network information via the Internet.
Cipher Books in the Southern Historical Collection
Creators: name: Doar, Ashley K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006
Subjects: Mathematics--Study and teaching--United States--History
Mathematics--Problems,exercises,etc--History--19th century
Education--colonial
Education--United States--History

description: The Southern Historical Collection (SHC) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill holds over 15 million manuscript items, thousands of which have not been viewed by researchers since they were placed on the shelves. Some of these items are eighteenth and nineteenth century American cipher books, bound manuscript books illustrating rules and examples of mathematical calculations. The SHC cares for over 50 cipher books, some of which represent the author's artistic talent as well as his or her abilities in arithmetic.    The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential research value these unknown manuscripts contain by providing a history of education during the time period, and a brief description of each manuscript. Some more ornate books have accompanying images to display the intricacies and care in creating these mathematical workbooks. Subject areas which may benefit from further study of cipher books include early American education, history of the teaching of mathematics, gender roles in colonial education and cultural influences of education. The paper can be used as a guide to the cipher book collection.
Additional file 2 of An L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine exerts anti-fibrotic effects by attenuating TGF-β1 induced calcium response in an in vitro model of thyroid eye disease
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Pan, Yuan
name: Hu, Yunwei
name: Chen, Guanyu
name: Chen, Xiaoqing
name: Xie, Yanyan
name: Wang, Minzhen
name: Li, Zhuang
name: Huang, Jun
name: Shi, Yuxun
name: Huang, Haixiang
name: Zhang, Te
name: Wang, Mei
name: Zeng, Peng
name: Wang, Sha
name: Chen, Rongxin
name: Zheng, Yongxin
name: Zhong, Liuxueying
name: Yang, Huasheng
name: Liang, Dan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Heatmap showing the up-regulation of CACNA1C in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).
Female Cross-Dressing in Young Adult Fiction: Protagonists' Changing Perceptions of Women and Femininity
Creators: name: Riley, Emily A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006
Subjects: Women in literature--Evaluation
Content analysis
Young adults' literature--Evaluation--Sexism

description: In this study, latent content analysis was used to identify evidence of female characters' changing perceptions of women and femininity before, during, and after their experiences cross-dressing in sixteen young adult historical fiction and fantasy novels. Results vary considerably, but most characters grow increasingly dissatisfied with their sex role over the course of these three stages. However, most characters ultimately come to better understand the disempowerment of women in their societies as a result of their experiences, and are, by the ends of their stories, better able to relate to and sympathize with other women. Further, in many of these stories, when the characters return to their female roles, they are able to change their lives so that, while more restricted than the male roles they are leaving behind, they are still freer than the female roles they originally escaped. Characters' perceptions of self remained quite confident throughout all of the books examined.
The Pandemic and the 'Techno-fix'
Creators: name: Petit, Caroline
name: Longo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Organisms
Year: 2023

description: The current pandemic was an announced possibility. Its potential causes were known: destroyed ecosystem niches, declining biological diversity, intensive farming, abuse of genetics, and biological manipulations. This paper deals with some aspects of the biological (and social) history of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also with the history of previous epidemics, including the AIDS epidemics, which all have in common to be highly linked, enhanced or even the result of human activities. But now, the myth is setting in that an innovative technique for fast production of vaccines is the only and sufficient response to the crisis in the ecosystem and in health structures, of which this pandemic is a symptom. The reductionist and mechanistic approaches to the ecosystem and human biology are feeding the idea that the natural world may be fully manipulated and controlled (“the power to control Evolution” as in a recent book by a Nobel Award winner). This article calls for a critical thinking about the interfaces between the technosphere and the biosphere, their limits as well as for new frameworks for biology and medicine.
description: Organisms, Vol 6, No 1 (2023)
Many-body dispersion effects in the binding of adsorbates on metal surfaces
Creators: name: Maurer, Reinhard J.
name: Ruiz, Victor G.
name: Tkatchenko, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A correct description of electronic exchange and correlation effects for molecules in contact with extended (metal) surfaces is a challenging task for first-principles modeling. In this work we demonstrate the importance of collective van der Waals dispersion effects beyond the pairwise approximation for organic--inorganic systems on the example of atoms, molecules, and nanostructures adsorbed on metals. We use the recently developed many-body dispersion (MBD) approach in the context of density-functional theory [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 236402 (2012); J. Chem. Phys. 140, 18A508 (2014)] and assess its ability to correctly describe the binding of adsorbates on metal surfaces. We briefly review the MBD method and highlight its similarities to quantum-chemical approaches to electron correlation in a quasiparticle picture. In particular, we study the binding properties of xenon, 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCDA), and a graphene sheet adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface. Accounting for MBD effects we are able to describe changes in the anisotropic polarizability tensor, improve the description of adsorbate vibrations, and correctly capture the adsorbate--surface interaction screening. Comparison to other methods and experiment reveals that inclusion of MBD effects improves adsorption energies and geometries, by reducing the overbinding typically found in pairwise additive dispersion-correction approaches.
The portrayal of Japanese Americans in children's picture books (1980-1999)
Creators: name: Decker, Ellen Caskie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002
Subjects: Minorities in literature
Children's literature--Evaluation
Japanese Americans
Content analysis--Children's literature

description: The purpose of this research was to examine children's picture books about contemporary Japanese Americans. This study addressed the question, How has the portrayal of Japanese Americans and Japanese American culture as presented in children's picture books changed since the 1980's? Using content analysis, the characters, values, and cultural details presented in recently published texts were compared to the findings of the Council on Interracial Books for Children's 1976 study of Asian American images in children's literature. The findings of this study showed that the stereotypes denounced by the CIBC no longer seem to be perpetuated. The majority of characters are multidimensional and are portrayed with sensitivity and realism. Cultural and historical details, when included in the texts or illustrations, were found to be largely accurate and pertinent to the plotlines.
Entropy production of a Brownian ellipsoid in the overdamped limit
Creators: name: Marino, Raffaele
name: Eichhorn, Ralf
name: Aurell, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the translational and rotational motion of an ellipsoidal Brownian particle from the viewpoint of stochastic thermodynamics. The particle's Brownian motion is driven by external forces and torques and takes place in an heterogeneous thermal environment where friction coefficients and (local) temperature depend on space and time. Our analysis of the particle's stochastic thermodynamics is based on the entropy production associated with single particle trajectories. It is motivated by the recent discovery that the overdamped limit of vanishing inertia effects (as compared to viscous fricion) produces a so-called "anomalous" contribution to the entropy production, which has no counterpart in the overdamped approximation, when inertia effects are simply discarded. Here, we show that rotational Brownian motion in the overdamped limit generates an additional contribution to the "anomalous" entropy. We calculate its specific form by performing a systematic singular perturbation analysis for the generating function of the entropy production. As a side result, we also obtain the (well-known) equations of motion in the overdamped limit. We furthermore investigate the effects of particle shape and give explicit expressions of the "anomalous entropy" for prolate and oblate spheroids and for near-spherical Brownian particles.
description: 17 pages, 1 fig
Assessing preservation needs: a collection condition survey of bound manuscript volumes
Creators: name: Ludwig, Julie Ann
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000
Subjects: Preservation of library materials--Evaluation
Surveys--Preservation of library materials
Duke University--Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library
Archives--Care and restoration
Manuscripts--Care and restoration

description: This paper describes a collection condition survey of bound manuscript volumes conducted at Duke University's Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library.  The survey utilizes evaluation criteria adapted from surveys previously conducted in book and archival repositories in identifying and quantifying damage to paper and bindings in the collection.  Evaluation criteria include date; genre; place of origin; leaf attachment; pH; brittleness; ink damage; evidence of mutilation, water, and mod damage; and the manner of shelving.  The survey reveals a highly acidic collection with an embrittlement rate of 44.8 percent.  In addition to a providing a summary of the collection's general condition, the study detects patterns in damage and deterioration according to the age and genre of materials surveyed.  In some instances, the date or genre of a volume was found to be closely allied with its condition.
Additional file 1 of Inference of single-cell network using mutual information for scRNA-seq data analysis
Creators: name: Chang, Lan-Yun
name: Hao, Ting-Yi
name: Wang, Wei-Jie
name: Lin, Chun-Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1
From gap probabilities in random matrix theory to eigenvalue expansions
Creators: name: Bothner, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 45C05, Secondary 45M05, 82B26, 33C10, 33C45

description: We present a method to derive asymptotics of eigenvalues for trace-class integral operators $K:L^2(J;dλ)\circlearrowleft$, acting on a single interval $J\subset\mathbb{R}$, which belong to the ring of integrable operators \cite{IIKS}. Our emphasis lies on the behavior of the spectrum $\{λ_i(J)\}_{i=0}^{\infty}$ of $K$ as $|J|\rightarrow\infty$ and $i$ is fixed. We show that this behavior is intimately linked to the analysis of the Fredholm determinant $\det(I-γK)|_{L^2(J)}$ as $|J|\rightarrow\infty$ and $γ\uparrow 1$ in a Stokes type scaling regime. Concrete asymptotic formulæ\, are obtained for the eigenvalues of Airy and Bessel kernels in random matrix theory.
description: 50 pages, 10 figures. To appear in J. Phys. A: Mathematical and Theoretical. Version 2 corrects typos and updates literature
Georges Canguilhem, the Health-Disease Transition and the Return of Organicism
Creators: name: Soto, Ana
name: Sonnenschein, Carlos
Publisher: name: Organisms
Year: 2023

description: The Normal and the Pathological is a remarkable book by Georges Canguilhem, originally published almost 80 years ago. It should play a much more important role in medical education and in the study and praxis of biology because of its rich and relevant approach to the knowledge of organisms. Indeed, only organisms can go through sickness and health; these states are axiological categories as they represent values. However, when it was published, the molecular biology revolution introduced the idea of genetic program and that organisms would be a kind of machine or computer. This concept combined the naive 19th-century physicalism with the metaphor of programs and signals borrowed from mathematical theories of information. As a consequence, the main concepts of biology, such as teleology, agency and normativity—the latter, a central concept in Canguilhem’s thought—were abandoned by biologists and medical doctors. Over the last 20 years, the failure of ideas guiding the molecular biology revolution allowed for the growth of organicism, a tradition committed to the autonomy of biology and its irreducibility to physics and chemistry. These developments encouraged theoretical biologists and philosophers to re-examine the aforementioned biological concepts rejected by reductionism. Their critical work produced versions of these concepts that are now compatible with notions of scientific causality, and therefore, an opportunity to present Canguilhem’s work to new generations of biologists and physicians. Canguilhem’s work advances the understanding of biological entities by introducing the axiological notion of individuality, the concept of organismal “normativity” (i.e. the capacity of organisms to create their own norms) and, related to these two concepts, the organism’s propensity to make mistakes—an exclusive property of biological systems.
description: Organisms, Vol 6, No 1 (2023)