cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Index Modulation Techniques for 5G Wireless Networks
Creators: name: Basar, Ertugrul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing demand for higher data rates, better quality of service, fully mobile and connected wireless networks lead the researchers to seek new solutions beyond 4G wireless systems. It is anticipated that 5G wireless networks, which are expected to be introduced around 2020, will achieve ten times higher spectral and energy efficiency than current 4G wireless networks and will support data rates up to 10 Gbps for low mobility users. The ambitious goals set for 5G wireless networks require dramatic changes in the design of different layers for next generation communications systems. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation, relaying technologies, and millimeter-wave communications have been considered as some of the strong candidates for the physical layer design of 5G networks. In this article, we shed light on the potential and implementation of index modulation (IM) techniques for MIMO and multi-carrier communications systems which are expected to be two of the key technologies for 5G systems. Specifically, we focus on two promising applications of IM: spatial modulation (SM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with IM (OFDM-IM), and we discuss the recent advances and future research directions in IM technologies towards spectral and energy-efficient 5G wireless networks.
description: A shorter version to appear in IEEE Communications Magazine
Surgical treatment of distal esophageal cancer. A case report
Creators: name: Uriel Nestor Coyote M.D.
name: Rogelio Torres Amaya M.D.
name: Gabriela Atocha Mendoza Rios M.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: In Mexico we do not have statistics on esophageal cancer, but there has been an increase in the presentation of this disease, mainly due to the increase in life expectancy. These patients require multidisciplinary management, mainly surgical. In this case we present a 71-year-old female with esophageal cancer in the distal third, who underwent esophagectomy, with a good evolution in the first months of surveillance.

Keywords: Esophageal cancer, dysphagia, esophagectomy, esophageal stent.
Topology of 2D Dirac operators with variable mass and an application to shallow-water waves
Creators: name: Rossi, Sylvain
name: Tarantola, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Dirac operator on the plane with constant (positive) mass is a Chern insulator, sitting in class D of the Kitaev table. Despite its simplicity, this system is topologically ill-behaved: the non-compact Brillouin zone prevents definition of a bulk invariant, and naively placing the model on a manifold with boundary results in violations of the bulk-edge correspondence (BEC). We overcome both issues by letting the mass spatially vary in the vertical direction, interpolating between the original model and its negative-mass counterpart. Proper bulk and edge indices can now be defined. They are shown to coincide, thereby embodying BEC. The shallow-water model exhibits the same illnesses as the 2D massive Dirac. Identical problems suggest identical solutions, and indeed extending the approach above to this setting yields proper indices and another instance of BEC.
description: 10+9 pages (main body + appendices); 4 figures
Onset of chaotic gravitational lensing in non-Kerr rotating black holes with quadrupole mass moment
Creators: name: Wu, Wen-Hao
name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
name: Shao, Cheng-Gang
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the electromagnetic channel, chaotic gravitational lensing is a peculiar phenomenon in strong gravitational lensing. In this work, we analyze the properties and emergence of chaotic gravitational lensing in the Manko-Novikov black hole spacetime. Aiming to understand better the underlying physics, we elaborate on the boundaries of the accessible region in terms of the analyses of the contours of the effective potentials. The latter is associated with the two roots of a quadratic equation. In particular, we explore its interplay with ergoregion, which leads to specific features of the effective potentials, such as the emergence of cuspy edge and the formation of {\it pocket}, that serves as a static constraint on the geodesics. Besides, we investigate the properties of the radial and angular accelerations at the turning points in photons' trajectories. Moreover, the accelerations are analyzed, which is argued to provide a kinematic constraint on the geodesics. It is concluded that the onset of the chaotic lensing is crucially related to both constraints, and as a result, an arbitrarily slight deviation in the incident photon is significantly amplified during the course of evolution through an extensive period, demonstrating the complexity in the highly nonlinear deterministic gravitational system.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Galesus (Schizogalesus) rectangularis Nixon 1930
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Galesus
Galesus rectangularis

description: Galesus (Schizogalesus) rectangularis Nixon, 1930: 400, 402, 406.
Valid name
Coptera rectangularis (Nixon, 1930).
Summary of types
Syntype ♀, BMNH number 9.656. Syntype ♂, BMNH number 9.656b. Syntypes 3 ♀♀.
Primary type data
Type; Port St. John/ Pondoland/ Nov. 1923; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1924-6; Galesus / rectangularis/ Nixon/ ♀ type 1930 (syntype ♀). Paratype; Port St. John/ Pondoland/ Aug. 15-31 1923; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1923-463; Galesus / rectangularis/ Nixon/ ♀ paratype 1930 (syntype ♀). Paratype; Port St. John/ Pondoland/ Jan. 1924; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1924-97; Galesus / rectangularis/ Nixon/ ♀ paratype 1930 (syntype ♀). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Dec. 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-25; Galesus / rectangularis/ Nixon/ ♀ paratype 1930 (syntype ♀). Type; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / June 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-294; Galesus / rectangularis/ Nixon/ ♂ type 1930 (syntype ♂).
Type locality
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Port St Johns; Western Cape Province, Mossel Bay.
Remarks
There are four females and one male agreeing with Nixon’s description and labelled by him as Galesus rectangularis. Of these, two are labelled as “type” and the rest as “ paratype ”; however, since neither a unique holotype or lectotype has yet been fixed, all of the type series is syntypic (Article 73.2). All the syntypes are mounted on card points and are entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 88-89, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Information gain versus interference in Bohr's principle of complementarity
Creators: name: Liu, Yan
name: Lu, Jing
name: Zhou, Lan
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on modern quantum measurement theory, we use Zurek's "triple model" to study, from the viewpoint of quantum information theory, the wave and particle nature of a photon in a symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the process of quantum measurement, the state of both the system and the detector is not an entangled state but a correlated state. We find that the information gain about the photon is related to the correlations (including classical and quantum correlations) between the photon and the detector. We also derive the relationship between the information gain and the fringe visibility. We find that the classical correlations remain consistent with the path distinguishability and can be used to describe the particle-like property of the photon. Quantum correlations are not exactly the same as fringe visibility, but both can represent the quantum coherence of the photon. Finally, we provide an analytical expression for quantum correlations of one type of two-qubit separable states.
Electromagnetic radiation of accelerated charged particle in the framework of a semiclassical approach
Creators: name: Adorno, T. C.
name: Breev, A. I.
name: Farias, A. J. D.
name: Gitman, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T10, 81V10

description: We address the problem of the electromagnetic radiation produced by charge distributions in the framework of a semiclassical approach proposed in the work by Bagrov, Gitman, Shishmarev and Farias [J. Synchrotron Rad. (2020). 27, 902-911]. In this approach, currents, generating the radiation are considered classically, while the quantum nature of the radiation is kept exactly. Quantum states of the electromagnetic field are solutions of Schrödinger's equation and relevant quantities to the problem are evaluated with the aid of transition probabilities. This construction allows us to introduce the quantum transition time in physical quantities and assess its role in radiation problems by classical currents. We study radiated electromagnetic energies in detail and present a definition for the rate at which radiation is emitted from sources. In calculating the total energy and rate radiated by a pointlike charged particle accelerated by a constant and uniform electric field, we discover that our results are compatible with results obtained by other authors in the framework of the classical radiation theory under an appropriate limit. We also perform numerical and asymptotic analysis of the results.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures
The Effect of Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with an H1 Coil on Hopelessness in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Gajšak, Tomislav
name: Milovac, Željko
name: Gereš, Natko
name: Sučić, Strahimir
name: Zoričić, Zoran
name: Filipčić, Igor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Objectives: To assess the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with an H1 coil as treatment for hopelessness in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary psychiatric institution in Croatia, including patients diagnosed with MDD without psychotic symptoms and with clinically relevant hopelessness. High-frequency (18 Hz) rTMS with an H1 coil was administered over four weeks on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We examined changes in the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) scores. Results: We randomly assigned 51 participants to the intervention group (rTMS plus standard therapy) and 52 to the control group (standard therapy). The mean (SD) ages were 50 (12.3) and 50 (10.4) years, and 47% and 52% of the participants were females in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Following treatment, the BHS scores decreased (unadjusted bivariate analysis, p = 0.043; false discovery rate (FDR) >5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the BHS score was reduced by 10.8% (95% confidence interval (CI: -17.8% to -3.9%) in the rTMS group and 0.7% (95% CI: 7.5% –6.1%) in the control group (p = 0.037; FDR < 5%). Conclusions: rTMS with an H1 coil improved the symptoms of hopelessness in patients with MDD.
Implicit Chain Particle Model for Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Wu, Zhenghao
name: Pal, Subhadeep
name: Keten, Sinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matrix-free nanocomposites made from polymer grafted nanoparticles (PGN) represent a paradigm shift in materials science because they greatly improve nanoparticle dispersion and offer greater tunability over rheological and mechanical properties in comparison to neat polymers. Utilizing the full potential of PGNs requires a deeper understanding of how polymer graft length, density, and chemistry influence interfacial interactions between particles. There has been great progress in describing these effects with molecular dynamics (MD). However, the limitations of the length and time scales of MD make it prohibitively costly to study systems involving more than a few PGNs. Here, we address some of these challenges by proposing a new modeling paradigm for PGNs using a strain-energy mapping framework involving potential of mean force (PMF) calculations. In this approach, each nanoparticle is coarse-grained into a representative particle with chains treated implicitly, namely, the implicit chain particle model (ICPM). Using a chemistry-specific CG-MD model of PMMA as a testbed, we derive the effective interaction between particles arranged in a closed-packed lattice configuration by matching bulk dilation/compression strain energy densities. The strain-rate dependence of the mechanical work in ICPM is also discussed. Overall, the ICPM model increases the computational speed by approximately 5-6 orders of magnitude compared to the CG-MD models. This novel framework is foundational for particle-based simulations of PGNs and their blends and accelerates the understanding and predictions of emergent properties of PGN materials.
Active Control of Probability Amplitudes in a Mesoscale System via Feedback-Induced Suppression of Dissipation and Noise
Creators: name: Gupta, Chaitanya
name: Perez, Aldo Peña
name: Fischer, Sean
name: Weinreich, Stephen
name: Murmann, Boris
name: Howe, Roger T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a classical potentiostatic feedback mechanism that attenuates the dissipation in a quantum system arising from coupling to the surrounding thermodynamic bath, preserving the inter-state interference in an electronic excitation transfer (EET) process. A three-terminal potentiostat device applies a low-noise voltage bias to the terminals of the EET system and reduces the physical coupling between the quantum system and its environment. We introduce a classical equivalent circuit to model the environment-coupled excitation transfer in an elementary two-state system. This model provides qualitative insight into how classical feedback action affects the transition probabilities between the states and selectively reduces the dissipative coupling for one of the vibronic energy levels of the transfer system. Furthermore, we show that negative feedback results in persistent spectral coherence between the energy level of the decoupled state and the vibronic levels of the complementary state, making the decoupled vibronic channel a probe for characterizing the vibronic structure of the complementary channel of the EET system.
description: 4 figures
The dark side of FIRE: predicting the population of dark matter subhaloes around Milky Way-mass galaxies
Creators: name: Barry, Megan
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Chapman, Sierra
name: Samuel, Jenna
name: Sanderson, Robyn
name: Arora, Arpit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of observational campaigns seek to test dark-matter models by measuring dark-matter subhaloes at low masses. Despite their predicted lack of stars, these subhaloes may be detectable through gravitational lensing or via their gravitational perturbations on stellar streams. To set measurable expectations for subhalo populations within LambdaCDM, we examine 11 Milky Way (MW)-mass haloes from the FIRE-2 baryonic simulations, quantifying the counts and orbital fluxes for subhaloes with properties relevant to stellar stream interactions: masses down to 10^6 Msun, distances < 50 kpc of the galactic center, across z = 0 - 1 (lookback time 0 - 8 Gyr). We provide fits to our results and their dependence on subhalo mass, distance, and lookback time, for use in (semi)analytic models. A typical MW-mass halo contains ~16 subhaloes >10^7 Msun (~1 subhalo >10^8 Msun) within 50 kpc at z = 0. We compare our results with dark-matter-only versions of the same simulations: because they lack a central galaxy potential, they overpredict subhalo counts by 2-10x, more so at smaller distances. Subhalo counts around a given MW-mass galaxy declined over time, being ~10x higher at z = 1 than at z = 0. Subhaloes have nearly isotropic orbital velocity distributions at z = 0. Across our simulations, we also identified 4 analogs of Large Magellanic Cloud satellite passages; these analogs enhance subhalo counts by 1.4-2.7 times, significantly increasing the expected subhalo population around the MW today. Our results imply an interaction rate of ~5 per Gyr for a stream like GD-1, sufficient to make subhalo-stream interactions a promising method of measuring dark subhaloes.
description: 14 pages, Published in MNRAS
Heralded gate search with genetic algorithms for quantum computation
Creators: name: Chernikov, A.
name: Sysoev, S. S.
name: Vashukevich, E. A.
name: Golubeva, T. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present genetic algorithms based search technique for the linear optics schemes, performing two-qubit quantum gates. We successfully applied this technique for finding heralded two-qubit gates and obtained the new schemes with performance parameters equal to the best currently known. The new simple metrics is introduced which enables comparison of schemes with different heralding mechanisms. The scheme performance degradation is discussed for the cases when detectors in the heralding part of the scheme are not photon-number-resolving. We propose a procedure for overcoming this drawback which allows us to restore the reliable heralding signal even with not-photon-number-resolving detectors.
Diphoton excess at 750 GeV: gluon-gluon fusion or quark-antiquark annihilation?
Creators: name: Gao, Jun
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Zhu, Hua Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, ATLAS and CMS collaboration reported an excess in the diphoton events, which can be explained by a new resonance with mass around 750 GeV. In this work, we explored the possibility of identifying if the hypothetical new resonance is produced through gluon-gluon fusion or quark-antiquark annihilation, or tagging the beam. Three different observables for beam tagging, namely the rapidity and transverse momentum distribution of the diphoton, and one tagged bottom-jet cross section, are proposed. Combining the information gained from these observables, a clear distinction of the production mechanism for the diphoton resonance is promising.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
title: Biofilm Standards and Regulations Report
Creators: name: National Biofilms Innovation Centre,
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2022

description: In partnership with the US Centre for Biofilm Engineering (CBE), we hosted a workshop on Biofilm Regulations and Standardisation in Medical Devices and Pharma sectors, which took place in Birmingham, UK, on 29 April 2022.
The meeting was unique, bringing together over 40 representatives from industry, academia, metrology and standardisation and regulatory bodies to map the current landscape, needs, trends and expectations in biofilm standardisation within the UK and to establish industry and regulatory participation in a forward working group. Discussions were very candid, open and stimulating, with the aim of working together as a community to advance the field. The presence of international delegates was very useful and provided additional international context to the discussions.

The meeting was supported by the BBSRC Global Partnering Award and closely aligned to the mission of the International Biofilm Standards Task Group (of which both NBIC and CBE are co-founders): To drive the international development and acceptance of standardised biofilm test methods in health care, the built environment and industrial systems.
As pre-work and during the workshop, we posed two questions to be considered and debated:
What do you see as the current needs with respect to standards and regulations in your setting and business relating to biofilms?
What do you believe should be (i) done in terms of concrete next steps by this group? and (ii) the overall long-term goals?
The participants shared a plethora of different experiences, needs, ideas and unique views on the subject. Nevertheless, several clear points emerged, both from the pre-work feedback and from the in-person discussions:

There is both the opportunity and desire from the community to make progress in creating biofilm-related standards.
There is a strong need for a comprehensive review of standards, methods and practices that are currently in use by the community. Such a review would provide a basis for a gap analysis and identification of a pathway for biofilm standards development.
It is clear that one size will not fit allâ due to diverse sectors and applications and the complexity of the biofilms themselves. It would be more practical to build a âcomponent approach, consisting of a base set of standards and guidance on how and when to use them.
It is crucial that regulators are part of the standardisation activities and engaged from the beginning.
5d SCFTs and their non-supersymmetric cousins
Creators: name: Akhond, Mohammad
name: Honda, Masazumi
name: Mignosa, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider generalisations of the recently proposed supersymmetry breaking deformation of the 5d rank-1 $E_1$ superconformal field theory to higher rank. We generalise the arguments to theories which admit a mass deformation leading to gauge theories coupled to matter hypermultiplets at low energies. These theories have a richer space of non-supersymmetric deformations, due to the existence of a larger global symmetry. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the non-SUSY deformations of the gauge theory and their $(p,q)$ 5-brane web. We comment on the (in)stability of these deformations both from the gauge theory and the 5-brane web point of view. UV duality plays a key role in our analysis, fixing the effective Chern-Simons level for the background vector multiplets, together with their complete prepotential. We partially classify super-Yang-Mills theories known to enjoy UV dualities which show a phase transition where different phases are separated by a jump of Chern-Simons levels of both a perturbative and an instantonic global symmetry. When this transition can be reached by turning on a non-supersymmetric deformation of the UV superconformal field theory, it can be a good candidate to host a 5d non-supersymmetric CFT. We also discuss consistency of the proposed phase diagram with the 't Hooft anomalies of the models that we analyse.
description: Minor revision
Optimal Design of Validation Experiments for the Prediction of Quantities of Interest
Creators: name: Paquette-Rufiange, Antonin
name: Prudhomme, Serge
name: Laforest, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical predictions of quantities of interest measured within physical systems rely on the use of mathematical models that should be validated, or at best, not invalidated. Model validation usually involves the comparison of experimental data (outputs from the system of interest) and model predictions, both obtained at a specific validation scenario. The design of this validation experiment should be directly relevant to the objective of the model, that of predicting a quantity of interest at a prediction scenario. In this paper, we address two specific issues arising when designing validation experiments. The first issue consists in determining an appropriate validation scenario in cases where the prediction scenario cannot be carried out in a controlled environment. The second issue concerns the selection of observations when the quantity of interest cannot be readily observed. The proposed methodology involves the computation of influence matrices that characterize the response surface of given model functionals. Minimization of the distance between influence matrices allow one for selecting a validation experiment most representative of the prediction scenario. We illustrate our approach on two numerical examples. The first example considers the validation of a simple model based on an ordinary differential equation governing an object in free fall to put in evidence the importance of the choice of the validation experiment. The second numerical experiment focuses on the transport of a pollutant and demonstrates the impact that the choice of the quantity of interest has on the validation experiment to be performed.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures
Observation of Rydberg blockade due to the charge-dipole interaction between an atom and a polar molecule
Creators: name: Guttridge, Alexander
name: Ruttley, Daniel K.
name: Baldock, Archie C.
name: González-Férez, Rosario
name: Sadeghpour, H. R.
name: Adams, C. S.
name: Cornish, Simon L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate Rydberg blockade due to the charge-dipole interaction between a single Rb atom and a single RbCs molecule confined in optical tweezers. The molecule is formed by magnetoassociation of a Rb+Cs atom pair and subsequently transferred to the rovibrational ground state with an efficiency of 91(1)\%. Species-specific tweezers are used to control the separation between the atom and molecule. The charge-dipole interaction causes blockade of the transition to the Rb(52s) Rydberg state, when the atom-molecule separation is set to $310(40)$~nm. The observed excitation dynamics are in good agreement with simulations using calculated interaction potentials. Our results open up the prospect of a hybrid platform where quantum information is transferred between individually trapped molecules using Rydberg atoms.
description: Main text contains 8 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material is 13 pages containing 10 figures
Production and characterization of random electrode sectorization in GEM foils
Creators: name: Pellecchia, Antonello
name: Bianco, Michele
name: De Oliveira, Rui
name: Fallavollita, Francesco
name: Fiorina, Davide
name: Rosi, Nicole
name: Verwilligen, Piet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In triple-GEM detectors, the segmentation of GEM foils in electrically independent sectors allows reducing the probability of discharge damage to the detector and improving the detector rate capability; however, a segmented foil presents thin dead regions in the separation between two sectors and the segmentation pattern has to be manually aligned with the GEM hole pattern during the foil manufacturing, a procedure potentially sensitive to errors. We describe the production and characterization of triple-GEM detectors produced with an innovative GEM foil segmentation technique, the ``random hole segmentation'', that allows an easier manufacturing of segmented GEM foils. The electrical stability to high voltage and the gain uniformity of a random-hole segmented triple-GEM prototype are measured. The results of a test beam on a prototype assembled for the Phase-2 GEM upgrade of the CMS experiment are also presented; a high-statistics efficiency measurement shows that the random hole segmentation can limit the efficiency loss of the detector in the areas between two sectors, making it a viable alternative to blank segmentation for the GEM foil manufacturing of large-area detector systems.
On parent structures of near-ambient nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride superconductor
Creators: name: Liu, Mingfeng
name: Liu, Xiangyang
name: Li, Jiangxu
name: Liu, Jiaxi
name: Sun, Yan
name: Chen, Xing-Qiu
name: Liu, Peitao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, near-ambient superconductivity has been experimentally evidenced in a nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride by Dasenbrock-Gammon \emph{et al.} [Nature 615, 244 (2023)], which yields a remarkable maximum $T_c$ of 294 K at just 10 kbar. However, due to the difficulty of x-ray diffraction (XRD) in identifying light elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen, the crystal structure of the superconductor remains elusive, in particular for the actual stoichiometry of hydrogen and nitrogen and their atomistic positions. This holds even for its parent structure. Here, we set out to address this issue by performing a thorough density functional theory study on the structural, electronic, dynamical, and optical properties of lutetium hydrides. Through thermal and lattice dynamic analysis as well as XRD and superconductor color comparisons, we unambiguously clarified that the parent structures are a mixture of dominant LuH$_2$ phase of the CaF$_2$-type (instead of originally proposed LuH$_3$ structure of $Fm\bar{3}m$ space group) and minor LuH phase of the NaCl-type.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Invariance, quasi-invariance and unimodularity for random graphs
Creators: name: Kaimanovich, Vadim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We interpret the probabilistic notion of unimodularity for measures on the space of rooted locally finite connected graphs in terms of the theory of measured equivalence relations. It turns out that the right framework for this consists in considering quasi-invariant (rather than just invariant) measures with respect to the root moving equivalence relation. We define a natural modular cocycle of this equivalence relation, and show that unimodular measures are precisely those quasi-invariant measures whose Radon--Nikodym cocycle coincides with the modular cocycle. This embeds the notion of unimodularity into the very general dynamical scheme of constructing and studying measures with a prescribed Radon--Nikodym cocycle.
Quantum Router with Network Coding
Creators: name: Epping, Michael
name: Kampermann, Hermann
name: Bruß, Dagmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many protocols of quantum information processing, like quantum key distribution or measurement-based quantum computation, "consume" entangled quantum states during their execution. When participants are located at distant sites, these resource states need to be distributed. Due to transmission losses quantum repeater become necessary for large distances (e.g. $\gtrsim$ 300 km). Here we generalize the concept of the graph state repeater to $D$-dimensional graph states and to repeaters that can perform basic measurement-based quantum computations, which we call quantum routers. This processing of data at intermediate network nodes is called quantum network coding. We describe how a scheme to distribute general two-colorable graph states via quantum routers with network coding can be constructed from classical linear network codes. The robustness of the distribution of graph states against outages of network nodes is analysed by establishing a link to stabilizer error correction codes. Furthermore we show, that for any stabilizer error correction code there exists a corresponding quantum network code with similar error correcting capabilities.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
A note on the physical process first law of black hole mechanics
Creators: name: Rignon-Bret, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I give a simple proof of the physical process first law of black hole thermodynamics including charged black holes, in which all perturbations are computed on the horizon.
description: v2, 7 pages, 1 figure, minor modifications with respect to v1
Sticking lifetime of ultracold CaF molecules in triplet interactions
Creators: name: Sardar, Dibyendu
name: Bohn, John L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A six-dimensional potential energy surface is constructed for the spin-polarized triplet state of CaF-CaF by \textit{ab initio} calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory, followed by Gaussian process interpolation. The potential is utilized to calculate the density of states for this bi alkaline-earth-halogen system where we find the value 0.038 $μ$K$^{-1}$, implying a mean resonance spacing of 26 $μ$K in the collision complex. This value implies an associated Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus lifetime of 18 $μ$s, thus predicting long-lived complexes in collisions at ultracold temperatures.
Structural stability predictions and molecular dynamics simulations of RBD and HR1 mutations associated with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Creators: name: Ahamad, Shahzaib
name: Hema, Kanipakam
name: Gupta, Dinesh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by human transmission and infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is no trusted drug against the virus; hence, efforts are on discovering novel inhibitors for the virus. The entry of a SARS-CoV-2 virus particle into a host cell is initiated by its spike glycoprotein and host Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor interaction. Spike glycoprotein domains, namely, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and Heptad Repeat (HR) domains, are essential for this activity. We have studied the impact of mutations such as A348T, N354D, D364Y, G476S, V483A, S494D in the RBD (319–591), and S939F, S940T, T941A, S943P (912–984) in the HR1 domains of spike glycoprotein. Summarily, we utilized the computational screening algorithms to rank the deleterious, damaging and disease-associated spike glycoprotein mutations. Subsequently, to understand the changes in conformation, flexibility and function of the spike glycoprotein mutants, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. The computational predictions and analysis of the MD trajectories suggest that the RBD and HR1 mutations induce significant phenotypic effects on the pre-binding spike glycoprotein structure, which are presumably consequential to its binding to the receptor and provides lead to design inhibitors against the binding. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Anti-quorum sensing activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 of benzimidazolium salts: electronic, spectral and structural investigations as theoretical approach
Creators: name: Önem, Ebru
name: Tüzün, Burak
name: Akkoç, Senem
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Quorum sensing (QS) is a system used in the expression of virulence factors by many pathogenic bacteria, and blockage of the system is seen as a new and effective strategy in combating with resistant bacteria. The inhibition effects of two benzimidazolium salts, namely 1-(2-methylbenzonitrile)-3-benzylbenzimidazolium bromide (2) and 1-(N-methylphthalimide)-3-(4-methylbenzyl)benzimidazolium bromide (3), on quorum sensing-related virulence factors such as pyocyanin, elastase, biofilm formation and swarming motility, which is an opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, were investigated in this study. The results show that the compound 3 has a significant inhibition on biofilm formation with 94%. Furthermore, the compounds 2 and 3 reduced swarming motility by 64–69% as well as pyocyanin production by 49–64% in P. aeruginosa PA01 without preventing bacterial growth in the tested concentrations. HF, B3LYP and M06–2X methods were used with 3–21 g, 6–31 g, sdd basis sets to compare the chemical activity of the compounds. Theoretically, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Infrared spectra of the compounds were calculated in the HF/6-31++g basis set. The biological activities of the relative compounds were theoretically studied against cancer proteins. Crystal structure of the BRCT repeat region from the breast cancer associated protein, ID: 1JNX, crystal structure of liver cancer protein, ID: 3WZE and crystal structure of lung cancer protein, ID: 5ZMA, were compared. In the docking studies, the best result was obtained with compound 2 against the lung cancer cell with a docking score parameter of −5.85. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
RCT Rejection Sampling for Causal Estimation Evaluation
Creators: name: Keith, Katherine A.
name: Feldman, Sergey
name: Jurgens, David
name: Bragg, Jonathan
name: Bhattacharya, Rohit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Confounding is a significant obstacle to unbiased estimation of causal effects from observational data. For settings with high-dimensional covariates -- such as text data, genomics, or the behavioral social sciences -- researchers have proposed methods to adjust for confounding by adapting machine learning methods to the goal of causal estimation. However, empirical evaluation of these adjustment methods has been challenging and limited. In this work, we build on a promising empirical evaluation strategy that simplifies evaluation design and uses real data: subsampling randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to create confounded observational datasets while using the average causal effects from the RCTs as ground-truth. We contribute a new sampling algorithm, which we call RCT rejection sampling, and provide theoretical guarantees that causal identification holds in the observational data to allow for valid comparisons to the ground-truth RCT. Using synthetic data, we show our algorithm indeed results in low bias when oracle estimators are evaluated on the confounded samples, which is not always the case for a previously proposed algorithm. In addition to this identification result, we highlight several finite data considerations for evaluation designers who plan to use RCT rejection sampling on their own datasets. As a proof of concept, we implement an example evaluation pipeline and walk through these finite data considerations with a novel, real-world RCT -- which we release publicly -- consisting of approximately 70k observations and text data as high-dimensional covariates. Together, these contributions build towards a broader agenda of improved empirical evaluation for causal estimation.
description: Code and data at https://github.com/kakeith/rct_rejection_sampling
The radio environment of the 21 Centimeter Array: RFI detection and mitigation
Creators: name: Huang, Yan
name: Wu, Xiang-Ping
name: Zheng, Qian
name: Gu, Jun-Hua
name: Xu, Haiguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection and mitigation of radio frequency interference (RFI) is the first and also the key step for data processing in radio observations, especially for ongoing low frequency radio experiments towards the detection of the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization (EoR). In this paper we demonstrate the technique and efficiency of RFI identification and mitigation for the 21 Centimeter Array (21CMA), a radio interferometer dedicated to the statistical measurement of EoR. For terrestrial, man-made RFI, we concentrate mainly on a statistical approach by identifying and then excising non-Gaussian signatures, in the sense that the extremely weak cosmic signal is actually buried under thermal and therefore Gaussian noise. We also introduce the so-called visibility correlation coefficient instead of conventional visibility, which allows a further suppression of rapidly time-varying RFI. Finally, we briefly discuss removals of the sky RFI, the leakage of sidelobes from off-field strong radio sources with time-invariant power and a featureless spectrum. It turns out that state of the art technique should allow us to detect and mitigate RFI to a satisfactory level in present low frequency interferometer observations such as those acquired with the 21CMA, and the accuracy and efficiency can be greatly improved with the employment of low-cost, high-speed computing facilities for data acquisition and processing.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
RUBIS: a simple tool for calculating the centrifugal deformation of stars and planets
Creators: name: Houdayer, Pierre S.
name: Reese, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present RUBIS (Rotation code Using Barotropy conservation over Isopotential Surfaces), a fully Python-based centrifugal deformation program available at \url{https://github.com/pierrehoudayer/RUBIS}. The code has been designed to calculate the centrifugal deformation of stars and planets resulting from a given cylindrical rotation profile, starting from a spherically symmetric non-rotating model. The underlying assumption in RUBIS is that the relationship between density and pressure is preserved during the deformation process. This leads to many procedural simplifications. For instance, RUBIS only needs to solve Poisson' equation, either in spheroidal or spherical coordinates depending on whether the 1D model has discontinuities or not. We present the benefits of using RUBIS to deform polytropic models and more complex barotropic structures, thus providing, to a certain extent, insights into baroclinic models. The resulting structures can be used for a wide range of applications, including the seismic study of models. Finally, we illustrate how RUBIS is beneficial specifically in the analysis of Jupiter's gravitational moments, thanks to its ability to handle discontinuous models while retaining a high accuracy compared to current methods.
Capacity-Achieving Iterative LMMSE Detection for MIMO-NOMA Systems
Creators: name: Liu, Lei
name: Yuen, Chau
name: Guan, Yong Liang
name: Li, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers a Iterative Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) detection for the uplink Multiuser Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) systems with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), in which all the users interfere with each other both in the time domain and frequency domain. It is well known that the Iterative LMMSE detection greatly reduces the system computational complexity by departing the overall processing into many low-complexity distributed calculations that can be executed in parallel. However, it is generally considered to be suboptimal and achieves relatively poor performance due to its sub-optimal detector. In this paper, we firstly present the matching conditions and area theorems for the iterative detection of the MIMO-NOMA systems. Based on the matching conditions and area theorems, the achievable rate region of the Iterative LMMSE detection is analysed. Interestingly, we prove that by properly design the Iterative LMMSE detection, it can achieve (i) the optimal capacity of symmetric MIMO-NOMA system, (ii) the optimal sum capacity of asymmetric MIMO-NOMA system, (iii) all the maximal extreme points in the capacity region of asymmetric MIMO-NOMA system, (iv) the whole capacity region of two-user and three-user asymmetric MIMO-NOMA systems, in a distributed manner for all cases. Finally, a practical Iterative LMMSE detection design is also proposed for the general asymmetric MIMO-NOMA systems.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,36 pages,8 figures
Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Tin Iodide Solution Complexes
Creators: name: Schütt, Freerk
name: Valencia, Ana M.
name: Cocchi, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emerging interest in tin-halide perovskites demands a robust understanding of the fundamental properties of these materials starting from the earliest steps of their synthesis. In a first-principles work based on time-dependent density-functional theory, we investigate the structural, energetic, electronic, and optical properties of 14 tin-iodide solution complexes formed by the SnI$_2$ unit tetracoordinated with molecules of common solvents, which we classify according to their Gutmann's donor number. We find that all considered complexes are energetically stable and their formation energy expectedly increases with the donating ability of the solvent. The energies of the frontier states are affected by the choice of the solvent with their absolute values decreasing with the donor number. The occupied orbitals are predominantly localized on the tin-iodide unit while the unoccupied ones are distributed also on the solvent molecules. Owing to this partial wave-function overlap, the first optical excitation is generally weak, although the spectral weight is red-shifted by the solvent molecules being coordinated to SnI$_2$ in comparison to the reference obtained for this molecule alone. Comparisons with results obtained on the same level of theory on Pb-based counterparts corroborate our analysis. The outcomes of this study provide quantum-mechanical insight into the fundamental properties of tin-iodide solution complexes. This knowledge is valuable in the research on lead-free halide perovskites and their precursors.