cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neutron Beam Tests of Barium Fluoride Crystal for Dark Matter Direct Detection
Creators: name: Guo, Cong
name: Ma, Xinhua
name: Wang, Zhimin
name: Bao, Jie
name: Dai, Changjiang
name: Guan, Mengyun
name: Liu, Jinchang
name: Li, Zuhao
name: Ren, Jie
name: Ruan, Xichao
name: Yang, Changgen
name: Yu, Zeyuan
name: Zhong, Weili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to test the capabilities of Barium Fluoride (BaF2) Crystal for dark matter direct detection, nuclear recoils are studied with mono-energetic neutron beam. The energy spectra of nuclear recoils, quenching factors for elastic scattering neutrons and discrimination capability between neutron inelastic scattering events and γ events are obtained for various recoil energies of the F content in BaF2.
description: 15 pages,8 figures
Italia del governo Andreotti e la riunificazione tedesca
Creators: name: Varsori, Antonio
Publisher: name: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche
Year: 2023
Subjects: Andreotti
Mitterand
De Michelis

description: Riunificazione tedesca: le preoccupazioni di Andreotti e di una generazione di governanti che aveva conosciuto il nazismo. Quali i contraccolpi sugli equilibri di Helsinki? Che ruolo potrà assumere la Germania riunificata? Più integrazione europea per evitare una Germania troppo forte. Formula “2+4”: l’Italia teme un direttorio che la escluda. L’accelerazione di Kohl e Mitterrand per un rafforzamento della Comunità non solo economico ma anche politico e il ruolo della Presidenza italiana per le due Conferenze intergovernative.
description: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche, Vol. 74 (2023)
IN-FDM-BB Werkstattbericht: W 1.1.1 Konzepte für Informationsmaterialien und FDM-Webseite
Creators: name: von Fransecky, Tanja
name: Haase, Claudia
name: Heinrich, Marcus
name: Jacob, Boris
name: Musolff, Myriam
name: Panitz, Michael
name: Spiecker, Claus
name: Wolff, Ian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FDM
IN-FDM-BB
Kompetenzaufbau
Institutionalisierung
FDM-Webseite

description: Forschungsdatenmanagement gewinnt immer größere Bedeutung in der Forschung. Daher arbeiten im Projekt IN-FDM-BB acht Hochschulen an der Institutionalisierung und nachhaltigen Verstetigung von Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) in Brandenburg. Im Rahmen des lokalen Kompetenzaufbaus und der Institutionalisierung von FDM im Projekt geht es im Arbeitspaket AP 1 u. a. um „Entwicklung von hochschulspezifischen Informationsmaterialien (z. B. Flyer, FDM-Leitfäden, FAQs)“ und „Aufbau und/oder Aktualisierung einer lokalen FDM-Webseite“. Der Werkstattbericht Konzept für Informationsmaterialien und FDM-Webseite (W 1.1.1) ist der erste Bericht, den alle acht am Projekt IN-FDM-BB beteiligen Hochschulen vorlegen und der konkret die lokale Institutionalisierung von FDM an den Einrichtungen behandelt.
description: Finanziert durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) und die Europäische Union (NextGenerationEU), sowie das Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur (MWFK) des Landes Brandenburg.
Exploring Biases of Atmospheric Retrievals in Simulated JWST Transmission Spectra of Hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Rocchetto, M.
name: Waldmann, I. P.
name: Venot, O.
name: Lagage, P. -O.
name: Tinetti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a scheduled launch in October 2018, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionise the field of atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage and high sensitivity of its instruments will allow us to extract far more information from exoplanet spectra than what has been possible with current observations. In this paper, we investigate whether current retrieval methods will still be valid in the era of JWST, exploring common approximations used when retrieving transmission spectra of hot Jupiters. To assess biases, we use 1D photochemical models to simulate typical hot Jupiter cloud-free atmospheres and generate synthetic observations for a range of carbon-to-oxygen ratios. Then, we retrieve these spectra using TauREx, a Bayesian retrieval tool, using two methodologies: one assuming an isothermal atmosphere, and one assuming a parametrized temperature profile. Both methods assume constant-with-altitude abundances. We found that the isothermal approximation biases the retrieved parameters considerably, overestimating the abundances by about one order of magnitude. The retrieved abundances using the parametrized profile are usually within one sigma of the true state, and we found the retrieved uncertainties to be generally larger compared to the isothermal approximation. Interestingly, we found that using the parametrized temperature profile we could place tight constraints on the temperature structure. This opens the possibility to characterize the temperature profile of the terminator region of hot Jupiters. Lastly, we found that assuming a constant-with-altitude mixing ratio profile is a good approximation for most of the atmospheres under study.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Electron Diffraction of Water in No Man's Land
Creators: name: Krüger, Constantin R.
name: Mowry, Nathan J.
name: Bongiovanni, Gabriele
name: Drabbels, Marcel
name: Lorenz, Ulrich J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generally accepted understanding of the anomalous properties of water will only emerge if it becomes possible to systematically characterize water in the deeply supercooled regime, from where the anomalies appear to emanate. This has largely remained elusive because water crystallizes rapidly between 160 K and 232 K. Here, we present an experimental approach to rapidly prepare deeply supercooled water at a well-defined temperature and probe it with electron diffraction before crystallization occurs. We show that as water is cooled from room temperature to cryogenic temperature, its structure evolves smoothly, approaching that of amorphous ice just below 200 K. Our experiments narrow down the range of possible explanations of the origin for the water anomalies and open up new avenues for studying supercooled water.
MPEC 2023-R234 : 2021 VO
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Powerful and Tunable THz Emitters Based on the Fe/Pt Magnetic Heterostructure
Creators: name: Yang, Dewang
name: Liang, Jianhui
name: Zhou, Chao
name: Sun, Lu
name: Zheng, Ronger
name: Luo, Shengnian
name: Wu, Yizheng
name: Qi, Jingbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we report our study on the THz emission in Fe/Pt magnetic heterostructures. We have carried out a comprehensive investigation of THz emission from Fe/Pt magnetic heterostructures, employing time-domain THz spectroscopy. We reveal that by properly tuning the thickness of Fe or Pt layer, THz emission can be greatly improved in this type of heterostructure. We further demonstrate that the THz field strength emitted from a newly designed multilayer (Pt/Fe/MgO)$_n$ with n=3 can reach a value of ~1.6 kV/cm, which is comparable to the values from the conventional GaAs antenna with a bias of 4 kV/cm, and the nonlinear crystals, e.g., 100 micrometer GaP and 2 mm ZnTe. For the first time, the intensity and spectrum of THz wave is demonstrated to be tunable by the magnetic field applied on the patterned magnetic Fe/Pt heterostructures. These findings thus promise novel approaches to fabricate powerful and tunable THz emitters based on magnetic heterostructure.
Regulation of Star Formation by a Hot Circumgalactic Medium
Creators: name: Carr, Christopher
name: Bryan, Greg L.
name: Fielding, Drummond B.
name: Pandya, Viraj
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic outflows driven by supernovae (SNe) are thought to be a powerful regulator of a galaxy's star-forming efficiency. Mass, energy, and metal outflows ($η_M$, $η_E$, and $η_Z$, here normalized by the star formation rate, the SNe energy and metal production rates, respectively) shape galaxy properties by both ejecting gas and metals out of the galaxy and by heating the circumgalactic medium (CGM), preventing future accretion. Traditionally, models have assumed that galaxies self-regulate by ejecting a large fraction of the gas which enters the interstellar medium (ISM), even though such high mass-loadings are in growing tension with observations. To better understand how the relative importance of ejective (i.e. high mass-loading) vs preventative (i.e. high energy-loading) feedback affects the present-day properties of galaxies, we develop a simple gas-regulator model of galaxy evolution, where the stellar mass, ISM, and CGM are modeled as distinct reservoirs which exchange mass, metals, and energy at different rates within a growing halo. Focusing on the halo mass range from $10^{10}$ to $10^{12} M_{\odot}$, we demonstrate that, with reasonable parameter choices, we can reproduce the stellar-to-halo mass relation and the ISM-to-stellar mass relation with low mass-loaded ($η_M \sim 0.1-10$) but high energy-loaded ($η_E \sim 0.1-1$) winds, with self-regulation occurring primarily through heating and cooling of the CGM. We show that the model predictions are robust against changes to the mass-loading of outflows but are quite sensitive to our choice of the energy-loading, preferring $η_E \sim 1$ for the lowest mass halos and $\sim 0.1$ for Milky Way-like halos.
description: 19 pages, 9 Figures, submitted to ApJ
When is an Author Not an Author? Non-human and Fictional Creators under LRM, RDA, and Other Cataloging Standards
Creators: name: Hovde, Sarah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023
Subjects: cataloging standards
authorship
non-human entities
spirit communications
animal autobiographies
computer generated texts

description: Presentation given at SHARP 2023 virtual conference.
description: Generative processes have captured the public attention in recent years, from the fever dream images of early neural nets to the more recent proliferation of chatbots and language models. In the world of cataloging, a 2021 post on the PCCLIST cataloging listserv about a book "co-authored" by a transformer language model led to an almost week-long discussion over whether the AI was truly an author or just a tool. But generative texts are not new, and catalogers are no strangers to determining who counts as an author: the question of whether non-humans, including animals and fictional characters, can author a work of literature has been a topic of intense deliberation as the cataloging world moves toward the implementation of the Official RDA Toolkit, a cataloging standard based on the Library Reference Model (LRM). The LRM holds that fictional characters, and non-human entities more broadly, cannot be Persons or Agents (and for good measure, that fictional places cannot be Places); however, catalogers are still faced with books written by mouse detectives, starship captains, ghosts, Muppets, and presidential pets. How does a cataloger balance faithfully describing an item as it represents itself with following the rules? Who counts as an author? This presentation will examine the ways that non-human creators are credited in catalog records, looking at the connections between fictional and animal authorship, automatic writing, computer-generated texts, and more. What is a tool, what is a process, and what is an author - at least, according to modern cataloging standards?
Timescales of granite infancy - Improvement and alternatives on plutonic geochronology
Creators: name: LIM, HOSEONG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Geochronology

description: Granite is a major constituent (>70 %) of continental crust on Earth. Dating granite is therefore of great importance to understand Earth’s formation. The aim of this study is developing an improved mineral age-dating technique by testing different minerals and measuring additional trace elements. The results shows that the additional trace elements can improve the reliability of age data by providing additional information of chemical conditions of the chemical clock. The results of the study have broad implications in mineral age dating techniques, and can also be directly utilised in other labs by following the suggested protocols.
On the critical behaviour of gapped gravitational collapse in confined spacetime
Creators: name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Ji, Li-Wei
name: Yang, Run-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field enclosed with a perfectly reflecting wall in a spacetime with a cosmological constant $Λ$ is investigated. The mass scaling for the gapped collapse $ M_{AH}-M_g \propto (ε_c-ε)^ξ$ is confirmed and a new time scaling for the gapped collapse $T_{AH}-T_g\propto(ε_c-ε)^ζ$ is found. We find that both of these two critical exponents depend on the combination $ΛR^2$, where $R$ is the radial position of the reflecting wall. Especially, we find an evolution of the critical exponent $ξ$ from $0.37$ in the confined asymptotic dS case with $ΛR^2=1.5$ to $0.7$ in asymptotic AdS case ($ΛR^2\rightarrow-\infty$), while the critical exponent $ζ$ varies from $0.10$ to $0.26$, which shows the new critical behavior for the gapped collapse is essentially different from the one in the Choptuik's case.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Patient and clinician perspectives of online-delivered exercise programmes for chronic musculoskeletal conditions: a mixed-methods systematic review
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Avantika
name: Barry Walsh, Caoimhe
name: Ezzat, Allison
name: O'Riordan, Cliona
name: Kennedy, Norelee
name: Toomey, Clodagh
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Purpose: To synthesize common or differing perceptions of patients’ and clinicians’ that influence uptake of online-delivered exercise programmes (ODEPs) for chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Methods: Eight databases were searched from inception to April 2023 for studies including (1) patients with and/or clinicians delivering ODEPs for chronic MSK conditions, and (2) synchronous ODEPs, where information is exchanged simultaneously (mode A); asynchronous ODEPs, with at least one synchronous feature (mode B); or no ODEPs, documenting past experiences and/or likelihood of participating in an ODEP (mode C). Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists were used to assess study quality. Perceptions of patients’ and clinicians’ influencing uptake of ODEPs were extracted. Quantitative and qualitative data were synthesised and integrated. Results: Twenty-one studies were included (twelve quantitative, seven qualitative, and two mixed-methods) investigating the perceptions of 1275 patients and 534 clinicians on ODEP mode A (n=7), mode B (n=8), and mode C (n=6). Sixteen of the 23 identified perceptions related to satisfaction, acceptability, usability, and effectiveness were common, with 70% of perceptions facilitating uptake and 30% hindering uptake. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need to promote targeted education for patients and clinicians addressing interconnected perceptions, and to develop evidence-based perception-centred strategies encouraging integrated care and guideline-based management of chronic MSK conditions. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION • Almost 70% of perceptions related to satisfaction, acceptability, usability, and effectiveness that influence the uptake of online-delivered exercise programmes for chronic musculoskeletal conditions are shared by patients and clinicians. • Patient perceptions that differ from clinicians and that hinder uptake include the risk of misdiagnosis, lack of social support, and advice from their clinic and/or clinician. • Clinician perceptions that differ from patients and that hinder uptake include risk of last-minute appointment cancellations, the cost to set-up, and limitations of camera angles. • Implementation of online-delivered exercise programmes may be supported by targeted education for patients and clinicians that addresses misinformed perceptions.
Phytoconstituents as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19: a computational study on inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Creators: name: Alsrhani, Abdullah
name: Farhana, Aisha
name: Khan, Yusuf Saleem
name: Ashraf, Ghulam Md
name: Shahwan, Moyad
name: Shamsi, Anas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) has become a global health crisis, and the urgent need for effective treatments is evident. One potential target for COVID-19 therapeutics is the main protease (Mpro) of SARS‑CoV‑2, an essential enzyme for viral replication. Natural compounds have been explored as a source of potential inhibitors for Mpro due to their safety and availability. In this study, we employed a computational approach to screen a library of phytoconstituents and identified potential Mpro inhibitors based on their binding affinities and molecular interactions. The top-ranking compounds were further validated through molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and free energy calculations. As a result of the above procedures, we identified two phytoconstituents, Khelmarin B and Neogitogenin, with appreciable binding affinity and specificity towards the Mpro binding pocket. Our results suggest that Khelmarin B and Neogitogenin could potentially serve as Mpro inhibitors and have the potential to be developed as COVID-19 therapeutics. Further experimental studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of these compounds. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
A feasibility study of multi-electrode high-purity germanium detector for Ge-76 neutrinoless double beta decay searching
Creators: name: Yang, Jingzhe
name: Tian, Yang
name: Dai, Wenhan
name: Yang, Mingxin
name: Jiang, Lin
name: Wen, Jinjun
name: Xue, Tao
name: Zeng, Ming
name: Zeng, Zhi
name: Li, Yulan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments to search for neutrinoless double-beta (0ν\b{eta}\b{eta}) decay of 76Ge using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector rely heavily on background suppression technologies to enhance their sensitivities. In this work, we proposed a pulse-shape analysis method based on a neural network (NN) and a light gradient boosting machine (lightGBM; LGB) to discriminate single-electron (background) and double-electrons (0ν\b{eta}\b{eta} signal) events in a multi-electrode HPGe detector. In this paper, we describe a multi-electrode HPGe detector system, a data-processing system, and pulse-shape simulation procedures. We built a fully connected (FC) neural network and an LGB model to classify the single- and double-electron events. The FC network is trained with simulated single- and double-electron-induced pulses and tested in an independent dataset generated by the pulse-shape simulation. The discrimination efficiency of the FC neural network in the test set for the 0ν\b{eta}\b{eta} double-electron events signal was 77.4%, the precision was 57.7%, and the training time was 430 min. The discrimination efficiency of LGB model was 73.1%, the precision was 64.0%, and the training time was 1.5 min. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to realize single- and double-electron discrimination on multi-electrode HPGe detectors using an FC neural network and LGB model. These results can be used as a reference for future 76Ge 0ν\b{eta}\b{eta} experiments.
description: 16 pages,12 figures
Noise, diffusion, and hyperuniformity
Creators: name: Hexner, Daniel
name: Levine, Dov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider driven many-particle models which have a phase transition between an active and an absorbing phase. Like previously studied models, we have particle conservation, but here we introduce an additional symmetry - when two particles interact, we give them stochastic kicks which conserve center of mass. We find that the density fluctuations in the active phase decay in the fastest manner possible for a disordered isotropic system, and we present arguments that the large scale fluctuations are determined by a competition between a noise term which generates fluctuations, and a deterministic term which reduces them. Our results may be relevant to shear experiments and may further the understanding of hyperuniformity which occurs at the critical point.
Determining the Quantum Numbers of Simplified Models in $t\bar{t}X$ production at the LHC
Creators: name: Dolan, Matthew J.
name: Spannowsky, Michael
name: Wang, Qi
name: Yu, Zhao-Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simplified models provide an avenue for characterising and exploring New Physics for large classes of UV theories. In this article we study the ability of the LHC to probe the spin and parity quantum numbers of a new light resonance $X$ which couples predominantly to the third generation quarks in a variety of simplified models through the $t\bar t X$ channel. After evaluating the LHC discovery potential for $X$, we suggest several kinematic variables sensitive to the spin and CP properties of the new resonance. We show how an analysis exploiting differential distributions in the semi-leptonic channel can discriminate among various possibilities. We find that the potential to discriminate a scalar from a pseudoscalar or (axial) vector to be particularly promising.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures; v2: text and references added
Simultaneous Active and Passive Information Transfer for RIS-Aided MIMO Systems: Iterative Decoding and Evolution Analysis
Creators: name: Jiang, Wenjun
name: Yuan, Xiaojun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates the potential of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for passive information transfer in a RIS-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. We propose a novel simultaneous active and passive information transfer (SAPIT) scheme. In SAPIT, the transmitter (Tx) and the RIS deliver information simultaneously, where the RIS information is carried through the RIS phase shifts embedded in reflected signals. We introduce the coded modulation technique at the Tx and the RIS. The main challenge of the SAPIT scheme is to simultaneously detect the Tx signals and the RIS phase coefficients at the receiver. To address this challenge, we introduce appropriate auxiliary variables to convert the original signal model into two linear models with respect to the Tx signals and one entry-by-entry bilinear model with respect to the RIS phase coefficients. With this auxiliary signal model, we develop a message-passing-based receiver algorithm. Furthermore, we analyze the fundamental performance limit of the proposed SAPIT-MIMO transceiver. Notably, we establish the state evolution to predict the receiver performance in a large-size system. We further analyze the achievable rates of the Tx and the RIS, which provides insight into the code design for sum-rate maximization. Numerical results validate our analysis and show that the SAPIT scheme outperforms the passive beamforming counterpart in achievable sum rate of the Tx and the RIS.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Thermal fluctuations of black holes with non-linear electrodynamics and charged Renyi entropy
Creators: name: Arenas-Henriquez, Gabriel
name: Diaz, Felipe
name: Novoa, Yerko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the charged Renyi entropy to a more general holographic scenario. Coupling an arbitrary non-linear electrodynamics Lagrangian density to AdS gravity, we analyse the thermodynamic features of non-linearly charged hyperbolic black holes and the thermal fluctuations in the grand canonical ensemble. We provide a general form for the relevant holographic quantities that describes a CFT with a global $U(1)$ symmetry in terms of horizon data and we compute the first thermal fluctuation of the charged Renyi entropy. We demonstrate the validity of the formulae through an analytic example; the Coulomb source in $2+1$ dimensions. We propose this model to be dual to charged free bosons in $1+1$ dimensions. The corrections generates a subleading logarithmic divergence in the entanglement entropy which appear in some Condensed Matter systems with spontaneous symmetry breaking due to IR effects in the ground state. We comment on the possibility of interpreting these results in terms of holography beyond the saddle point approximation.
description: 41 pages, 6 figures. Comments are welcome. V2: minor corrections, references added. V3: Matches accepted version in JHEP
Equation-free analysis of a dynamically evolving multigraph
Creators: name: Holiday, Alexander
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to illustrate the adaptation of traditional continuum numerical techniques to the study of complex network systems, we use the equation-free framework to analyze a dynamically evolving multigraph. This approach is based on coupling short intervals of direct dynamic network simulation with appropriately-defined lifting and restriction operators, mapping the detailed network description to suitable macroscopic (coarse-grained) variables and back. This enables the acceleration of direct simulations through Coarse Projective Integration (CPI), as well as the identification of coarse stationary states via a Newton-GMRES method. We also demonstrate the use of data-mining, both linear (principal component analysis, PCA) and nonlinear (diffusion maps, DMAPS) to determine good macroscopic variables (observables) through which one can coarse-grain the model. These results suggest methods for decreasing simulation times of dynamic real-world systems such as epidemiological network models. Additionally, the data-mining techniques could be applied to a diverse class of problems to search for a succint, low-dimensional description of the system in a small number of variables.
The meso-inflationary QCD axion
Creators: name: Redi, Michele
name: Tesi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility that the axion Peccei-Quinn symmetry is spontaneously broken after the beginning of inflation. This scenario interpolates between pre-inflationary and post-inflationary axion cosmology with significant phenomenological differences from both. Since the axion is not present at the early stages of inflation large inflationary fluctuations are produced only at scales not constrained by CMB, avoiding the strongest isocurvature constraints. The energy density in isocurvature perturbations at short scales however can be comparable with the adiabatic contribution from misalignment. These large overdensities can lead to the formation of axion mini-clusters and also to constraints from Lyman-$α$ forest and future CMB spectral distortion measurements. If Peccei-Quinn symmetry is broken during the first O(25) e-foldings of inflation no axions are produced from the string network but contributions from the annihilation of domain walls can further boost the abundance. This scenario is minimally realized if the Hubble scale during inflation drops below the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking scale but other realizations are possible.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. v2) figures improved, minor changes, version to appear on PRD
Photons, phonons, and plasmons with orbital angular momentum in plasmas
Creators: name: Chen, Qiang
name: Qin, Hong
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact eigen modes with orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the complex media of unmagnetized homogeneous plasma are studied. Three exact eigen modes with OAM are discovered, i.e., photons, phonons, and plasmons. It is found that an OAM photon can be excited by two familiar Bessel modes without OAM. For the phonons and plasmons, their OAM are carried by the electrons and ions. The OAM modes in plasmas and their characteristics can be explored for various potential applications in plasma physics and accelerator physics.
The CGM$^2$ Survey: Quenching and the Transformation of the Circumgalactic Medium
Creators: name: Tchernyshyov, Kirill
name: Werk, Jessica K.
name: Wilde, Matthew C.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Tripp, Todd M.
name: Burchett, Joseph N.
name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
name: Howk, J. Christopher
name: Lehner, Nicolas
name: O'Meara, John M.
name: Tejos, Nicolas
name: Tumlinson, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study addresses how the incidence rate of strong O VI absorbers in a galaxy's circumgalactic medium (CGM) depends on galaxy mass and, independently, on the amount of star formation in the galaxy. We use HST/COS absorption spectroscopy of quasars to measure O VI absorption within 400 projected kpc and 300 km s$^{-1}$ of 52 $M_{*}\sim 10^{10}$ $M_\odot$ galaxies. The galaxies have redshifts $0.12
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to the AAS Journals
Cosine Edge Mode in a Periodically Driven Quantum System
Creators: name: Satija, Indubala I.
name: Zhao, Erhai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-periodic (Floquet) topological phases of matter exhibit bulk-edge relationships that are more complex than static topological insulators and superconductors. Finding the edge modes unique to driven systems usually requires numerics. Here we present a minimal two-band model of Floquet topological insulators and semimetals in two dimensions where all the bulk and edge properties can be obtained analytically. It is based on the extended Harper model of quantum Hall effect at flux one half. We show that periodical driving gives rise to a series of phases characterized by a pair of integers. The model has a most striking feature: the spectrum of the edge modes is always given by a single cosine function, $ω(k_y)\propto \cos k_y$ where $k_y$ is the wave number along the edge, as if it is freely dispersing and completely decoupled from the bulk. The cosine mode is robust against the change in driving parameters and persists even to semi-metallic phases with Dirac points. The localization length of the cosine mode is found to contain an integer and in this sense quantized.
An evaluation of adherence to folic acid supplementation in pregnant women during early gestation for the prevention of neural tube defects
Creators: name: Linnell, Anna
name: Murphy, Niamh
name: Godwin, Jon
name: Cremona, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Neural tube defects (NTD) are potentially preventable by periconcep?tual folic acid supplementation. Women with obesity are at higher risk of NTD, therefore, are recommended a higher dose of 5 mg folic acid to mitigate this risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal practice of folic acid supplementa?tion amongst the antenatal population in relation to maternal obesity status. Design: Prospective observational study.Setting: Women ≤18 weeks’ gestation at their first antenatal appointment attending University Maternity Hospital Limerick (Ireland) were recruited. Maternal height and weight were measured. Obesity was defined at a threshold of ≥30·0 kg/m2 and ≥27·5 kg/m2 when adjusting for ethnicity. A two-part questionnaire captured maternal characteristics and assessed supplementation compliance, commencement and dosage. Fisher’s exact test for independence analysed differences in variables. A P value of <0·05 was considered significant.Participants: A total of 328 women participated over a duration of 6 weeks.Results: Mean gestational age was 12·4 ± 1·4 weeks and mean BMI 26·7 kg/m2 ± 5·2 kg/m2 . 23·8 % (n 78) were classified as obese. 96·5 % (n 315) were taking folic acid and 95·7 % (n 314) supplemented daily. 30·2 % (n 99) commenced supplementation 12 weeks prior to conception. Overall, 57·9 % (n 190) of women met folic acid supplementation dose requirements. 89·1 % (n 55) of women with obesity did not. Women with obesity were less likely to meet the higher folic acid supplementation dose requirements (P =< 0·001).Conclusion: Folic acid supplementation practices within this cohort were suboptimal to prevent their risk of NTD. This study showed inadequate compliance of folic acid supplementation, and inadequate dosage for women with obesity. Increased patient education and awareness are needed within the antenatal period of pregnancy to bring folic acid supplementation practices in line with best practice guidelines.
Hallmarks of Hund's coupling in the Mott insulator Ca$_2$RuO$_4$
Creators: name: Sutter, D.
name: Fatuzzo, C. G.
name: Moser, S.
name: Kim, M.
name: Fittipaldi, R.
name: Vecchione, A.
name: Granata, V.
name: Sassa, Y.
name: Cossalter, F.
name: Gatti, G.
name: Grioni, M.
name: Ronnow, H. M.
name: Plumb, N. C.
name: Matt, C. E.
name: Shi, M.
name: Hoesch, M.
name: Kim, T. K.
name: Chang, T. R.
name: Jeng, H. T.
name: Jozwiak, C.
name: Bostwick, A.
name: Rotenberg, E.
name: Georges, A.
name: Neupert, T.
name: Chang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A paradigmatic case of multi-band Mott physics including spin-orbit and Hund's coupling is realised in Ca$_2$RuO$_4$. Progress in understanding the nature of this Mott insulating phase has been impeded by the lack of knowledge about the low-energy electronic structure. Here we provide -- using angle-resolved photoemission electron spectroscopy -- the band structure of the paramagnetic insulating phase of Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ and show how it features several distinct energy scales. Comparison to a simple analysis of atomic multiplets provides a quantitative estimate of the Hund's coupling $J=0.4$ eV. Furthermore, the experimental spectra are in good agreement with electronic structure calculations performed with Dynamical Mean-Field Theory. The crystal field stabilisation of the d$_{xy}$ orbital due to $c$-axis contraction is shown to be important in explaining the nature of the insulating state. It is thus a combination of multiband physics, Coulomb interaction and Hund's coupling that generates the Mott insulating state of Ca$_2$RuO$_4$. These results underscore the importance of Hund's coupling in the ruthenates and related multiband materials.
Spontaneous Subtle Expression Detection and Recognition based on Facial Strain
Creators: name: Liong, Sze-Teng
name: See, John
name: Phan, Raphael Chung-Wei
name: Oh, Yee-Hui
name: Ngo, Anh Cat Le
name: Wong, KokSheik
name: Tan, Su-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optical strain is an extension of optical flow that is capable of quantifying subtle changes on faces and representing the minute facial motion intensities at the pixel level. This is computationally essential for the relatively new field of spontaneous micro-expression, where subtle expressions can be technically challenging to pinpoint. In this paper, we present a novel method for detecting and recognizing micro-expressions by utilizing facial optical strain magnitudes to construct optical strain features and optical strain weighted features. The two sets of features are then concatenated to form the resultant feature histogram. Experiments were performed on the CASME II and SMIC databases. We demonstrate on both databases, the usefulness of optical strain information and more importantly, that our best approaches are able to outperform the original baseline results for both detection and recognition tasks. A comparison of the proposed method with other existing spatio-temporal feature extraction approaches is also presented.
description: 21 pages (including references), single column format, accepted to Signal Processing: Image Communication journal
title: Categorization of financial market conditions and the specifics of their interaction with the external environment
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titleType: Subtitle
title: ÐÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÐ° Ð¸ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ° Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÐ½ÐµÐ¹ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¹
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð½Ð°, ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: stability
ability
efficiency
depth
financial market
condition of the financial market
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description: The aim of the final qualification work is to develop of tools for managing the impact of the external environment on the categories of financial market conditions. To achieve this aim, integral financial indicators were formed, reflecting the state of the financial market, based on a fuzzy set model, and machine learning methods were used to predict them. Based on the results obtained, a set of recommendations was developed for managing the state of the financial market of the Russian Federation.
description: Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÐ½ÐµÐ¹ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÐ°. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð½ÐµÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾-Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ³ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸, Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÐ°, Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÐ° Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¤ÐµÐ´ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸.
Coupling Navier-Stokes and Gross-Pitaevskii equations for the numerical simulation of two-fluid quantum flows
Creators: name: Brachet, Marc
name: Sadaka, Georges
name: Zhang, Zhentong
name: Kalt, Victor
name: Danaila, Ionut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations for classical (or normal) viscous fluids are well established. This is also the case for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, governing quantum inviscid flows (or superfluids) in the zero temperature limit. In quantum flows, like liquid helium II at intermediate temperatures between zero and 2.17 K, a normal fluid and a superfluid coexist with independent velocity fields. The most advanced existing models for such systems use the Navier-Stokes equations for the normal fluid and a simplified description of the superfluid, based on the dynamics of quantized vortex filaments, with ad hoc reconnection rules. There was a single attempt (C. Coste, The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 1998) to couple Navier-Stokes and Gross-Pitaevskii equations in a global model intended to describe the compressible two-fluid liquid helium II. We present in this contribution a new numerical model to couple a Navier-Stokes incompressible fluid with a Gross-Pitaevskii superfluid. Coupling terms in the global system of equations involve new definitions of the following concepts: the regularized superfluid vorticity and velocity fields, the friction force exerted by quantized vortices to the normal fluid, the covariant gradient operator in the Gross-Pitaevskii based on a slip velocity respecting the dynamics of vortex lines in the normal fluid. A numerical algorithm based on pseudo-spectral Fourier methods is presented for solving the coupled system of equations.Finally, we numerically test and validate the new numerical system against well-known benchmarks for the evolution in a normal fluid of different types or arrangements of quantized vortices (vortex crystal, vortex dipole and vortex rings). The new coupling model opens new possibilities to revisit and enrich existing numerical results for complex quantum fluids.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
A finite element approach to self-consistent field theory calculations of multiblock polymers
Creators: name: Ackerman, David M.
name: Delaney, Kris
name: Fredrickson, Glenn H.
name: Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-consistent field theory (SCFT) has proven to be a powerful tool for modeling equilibrium microstructures of soft materials, particularly for multiblock polymers. A very successful approach to numerically solving the SCFT set of equations is based on using a spectral approach. While widely successful, this approach has limitations especially in the context of current technologically relevant applications. These limitations include non-trivial approaches for modeling complex geometries, difficulties in extending to non-periodic domains, as well as non-trivial extensions for spatial adaptivity. As a viable alternative to spectral schemes, we develop a finite element formulation of the SCFT paradigm for calculating equilibrium polymer morphologies. We discuss the formulation and address implementation challenges that ensure accuracy and efficiency. We explore higher order chain contour steppers that are efficiently implemented with Richardson Extrapolation. This approach is highly scalable and suitable for systems with arbitrary shapes. We show spatial and temporal convergence and illustrate scaling on up to 2048 cores. Finally, we illustrate confinement effects for selected complex geometries. This has implications for materials design for nanoscale applications where dimensions are such that equilibrium morphologies dramatically differ from the bulk phases.
Security against jamming and noise exclusion in imaging
Creators: name: Roga, Wojciech
name: Jeffers, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a protocol by which an imaging system could be protected against jamming by a malevolent party. Our protocol not only allows recognition of the jamming, but also allows for the recovery of the true image from the jammed one. We apply the method to jamming of quantum ghost imaging, for which the jamming detection probability is increased when the imaging light is entangled. The method can also be used to provide image recovery in general noisy environments.
description: 3 figures
Thickness mapping and layer number identification of exfoliated van der Waals materials by Fourier imaging micro-ellipsometry
Creators: name: Kenaz, Ralfy
name: Ghosh, Saptarshi
name: Ramachandran, Pradheesh
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Steinberg, Hadar
name: Rapaport, Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As properties of mono- to few layers of exfoliated van der Waals heterostructures are heavily dependent on their thicknesses, accurate thickness measurement becomes imperative in their study. Commonly used atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques may be invasive and produce inconclusive results. Alternatively, spectroscopic ellipsometry is limited by tens-of-microns lateral resolution and/or low data acquisition rates, inhibiting its utilization for micro-scale exfoliated flakes. In this work, we demonstrate a Fourier imaging spectroscopic micro-ellipsometer with sub-5 microns lateral resolution along with fast data acquisition rate and present angstrom-level accurate and consistent thickness mapping on mono-, bi- and trilayers of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenide (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2) flakes. We show that the optical microscope integrated ellipsometer can also map minute thickness variations over a micro-scale flake. In addition, our system addresses the pertinent issue of identifying monolayer thick hBN.
Grown-in beryllium diffusion in indium gallium arsenide: An ab initio, continuum theory and kinetic Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Liu, Wenyuan
name: Sk, Mahasin Alam
name: Manzhos, Sergei
name: Martin-Bragado, Ignacio
name: Benistant, Francis
name: Cheong, Siew Ann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A roadblock in utilizing InGaAs for scaled-down electronic devices is its anomalous dopant diffusion behavior; specifically, existing models are not able to explain available experimental data on beryllium diffusion consistently. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive model, taking self-interstitial migration and Be interaction with Ga and In into account. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are first used to calculate the energy parameters and charge states of possible diffusion mechanisms. Based on the DFT results, continuum modeling and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are then performed. The model is able to reproduce experimental Be concentration profiles. Our results suggest that the Frank-Turnbull mechanism is not likely, instead, kick-out reactions are the dominant mechanism. Due to a large reaction energy difference, the Ga interstitial and the In interstitial play different roles in the kick-out reactions, contrary to what is usually assumed. The DFT calculations also suggest that the influence of As on Be diffusion may not be negligible.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures