cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Randomized Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Boccara, Nino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define and study a few properties of a class of random automata networks. While regular finite one-dimensional cellular automata are defined on periodic lattices, these automata networks, called randomized cellular automata, are defined on random directed graphs with constant out-degrees and evolve according to cellular automaton rules. For some families of rules, a few typical a priori unexpected results are presented.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Thermal properties of light mesons from holography
Creators: name: Cao, Xuanmin
name: Qiu, Songyu
name: Liu, Hui
name: Li, Danning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal properties of light mesons, including the temperature dependence of their masses (both screening and pole masses) and thermal widths, are studied in a two-flavor ($N_f=2$) soft-wall AdS/QCD model. By solving the spatial correlation functions, we extract the screening masses ($m_{\rm{scr}}$) from their poles. The screening masses of pseudo-scalar ($π$) and axial-vector ($a_1$) mesons increase almost monotonously with the increase of temperature. The screening masses of scalar ($σ$) and vector ($ρ$) mesons decrease at low temperature and increase at high temperature. The pole masses ($m_{\rm{pole}}$) and the thermal widths ($Γ$) are extracted from the temporal correlation functions and the corresponding spectral functions. The results indicate that the pole masses have local minima at low temperature and increase at high temperature. The thermal widths increase rapidly above the chiral crossover temperature $T_{cp}$, indicating the dissociations of mesons at high temperature. Furthermore, the degeneration of the chiral partners ($π$ and $σ$, $ρ$ and $a_1$) above $T_{cp}$ is observed from the screening and pole masses, revealing the chiral symmetry restoration at the hadronic spectrum level. Finally, we numerically verify that the spectral functions in the temporal regime are strongly related to the quasi-normal modes with complex frequencies $ω_0=m_{\rm{pole}}-i Γ/2$.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures
An Experimental Study of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate on Wire EDM with Aluiminium Alloy 8011
Creators: name: MOHAMMED, RAFFI
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Wire EDM machining process is one of the most widely used machining processes and machined surfaces are widely employed while assembling with other parts. Surface finish is an important measure as it may improve frictional resistance, fatigue strength or creep life. Surface roughness also affects several functional attributes such as heat transmission, ability to hold lubricant, surface friction, wearing etc. It is hard to achieve good surface quality without the proper selection and control of the process parameters. In the present day world, it is essential to consider economy in addition to quality in any machining operation. Material removal rate (MRR) is one among them and is related to the quantity of material removal per unit time. The higher value of MRR reduces the machining time and finally productivity of the system increases. Thus surface roughness and MRR are most-specified customer requirements in a machining process.The selection of optimal cutting parameters is of great concern in the manufacturing industry, where the economy of machining operation plays a key role in the competitive market. Earlier, several efforts have been made to optimize the machining parameters and MRR. While unconventional machining has received relatively little attention with regard to the optimization of cutting parameters. In this work, Wire EDM machining was performed to experimental values of the surface roughness and MRR of 8011 aluminum alloy with brass coated wire under wet conditions is found.
Quantum master equation approach to heat transport in dielectrics and semiconductors
Creators: name: Hamdouni, Yamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the derivation of the heat transport equation for nonmetals using a quantum Markovian master equation in Lindblad form. We first establish the equations of motion describing the time variation of the on-site energy of atoms in a one dimensional periodic chain that is coupled to a heat reservoir. In the continuum limit, the Fourier law of heat conduction naturally emerges, and the heat conductivity is explicitly obtained. It is found that the effect of the heat reservoir on the lattice is described by a heat source density that depends on the diffusion coefficients of the atoms. We show that the Markovian dynamics is equivalent to the long wavelength approximation for phonons, which is typical for the case of elastic solids. The high temperature limit is shown to reproduce the classical heat conduction equation.
Renormalization Group Approach towards the QCD Phase Diagram
Creators: name: Schaefer, Bernd-Jochen
name: Wambach, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea of the functional renormalization group and one-loop improved renormalization group flows are reviewed. The associated flow equations and nonperturbative approximations schemes for its solutions are discussed. These techniques are then applied to the strong interaction in the framework of an effective quark meson model which is introduced in great detail. The renormalization group analysis of the two flavor quark meson model is extended to finite temperature and quark chemical potential which allows for an analysis of the chiral phase diagram beyond the mean field approximation.
description: 14 pages, no figures; Lecture held by the first author at the 2006 Helmholtz International Summer School "Dense Matter in Heavy-Ion Collisions and Astrophysics", JINR, Dubna, Russia
Encyclopedia of emergent particles in three-dimensional crystals
Creators: name: Yu, Zhi-Ming
name: Zhang, Zeying
name: Liu, Gui-Bin
name: Wu, Weikang
name: Li, Xiao-Ping
name: Zhang, Run-Wu
name: Yang, Shengyuan A
name: Yao, Yugui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past decade has witnessed a surge of interest in exploring emergent particles in condensed matter systems. Novel particles, emerged as excitations around exotic band degeneracy points, continue to be reported in real materials and artificially engineered systems, but so far, we do not have a complete picture on all possible types of particles that can be achieved. Here, via systematic symmetry analysis and modeling, we accomplish a complete list of all possible particles in time reversal-invariant systems. This includes both spinful particles such as electron quasiparticles in solids, and spinless particles such as phonons or even excitations in electric-circuit and mechanical networks. We establish detailed correspondence between the particle, the symmetry condition, the effective model, and the topological character. This obtained encyclopedia concludes the search for novel emergent particles and provides concrete guidance to achieve them in physical systems.
description: 5 pages for main text and 1228 pages for SM; comments are welcome, please contact Z. M. Yu, Y. Yao, or S. A. Yang
Quantum counterpart of energy equipartition theorem for a dissipative charged magneto-oscillator: Effect of dissipation, memory, and magnetic field
Creators: name: Kaur, Jasleen
name: Ghosh, Aritra
name: Bandyopadhyay, Malay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we formulate and study the quantum counterpart of the energy equipartition theorem for a charged quantum particle moving in a harmonic potential in the presence of a uniform external magnetic field and linearly coupled to a passive quantum heat bath through coordinate variables. The bath is modelled as a collection of independent quantum harmonic oscillators. We derive the closed form expressions for the mean kinetic and potential energies of the charged-dissipative-magneto-oscillator in the form $E_k = \langle \mathcal{E}_k \rangle$ and $E_p = \langle \mathcal{E}_p \rangle$ respectively, where $\mathcal{E}_k$ and $\mathcal{E}_p$ denote the average kinetic and potential energies of individual thermostat oscillators. The net averaging is two-fold, the first one being over the Gibbs canonical state for the thermostat, giving $\mathcal{E}_k$ and $\mathcal{E}_p$ and the second one denoted by $\langle . \rangle$ being over the frequencies $ω$ of the bath oscillators which contribute to $E_k$ and $E_p$ according to probability distributions $\mathcal{P}_k(ω)$ and $\mathcal{P}_p(ω)$ respectively. The relationship of the present quantum version of the equipartition theorem with that of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (within the linear-response theory framework) is also explored. Further, we investigate the influence of the external magnetic field and the effect of different dissipation processes through Gaussian decay, Drude and radiation bath spectral density functions, on the typical properties of $\mathcal{P}_k(ω)$ and $\mathcal{P}_p(ω)$. Finally, the role of system-bath coupling strength and the memory effect is analyzed in the context of average kinetic and potential energies of the dissipative charged magneto-oscillator.
Reversible Vortex Ratchet Effects and Ordering in Superconductors with Simple Asymmetric Potential Arrays
Creators: name: Lu, Qiming
name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
name: Reichhardt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate using computer simulations that the simplest vortex ratchet system for type-II superconductors with artificial pinning arrays, an asymmetric one-dimensional (1D) potential array, exhibits the same features as more complicated two-dimensional vortex ratchets that have been studied in recent experiments. We show that the 1D geometry, originally proposed by Lee et al. [Nature 400, 337 (1999)], undergoes multiple reversals in the sign of the ratchet effect as a function of vortex density, substrate strength, and ac drive amplitude, and that the sign of the ratchet effect is related to the type of vortex lattice structure present. When the vortex lattice is highly ordered, an ordinary vortex ratchet effect occurs which is similar to the response of an isolated particle in the same ratchet geometry. In regimes where the vortices form a smectic or disordered phase, the vortex-vortex interactions are relevant and we show with force balance arguments that the ratchet effect can reverse in sign. The dc response of this system features a reversible diode effect and a variety of vortex states including triangular, smectic, disordered and square.
description: 10 pages, 12 postscript figures. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Melt fracture behaviour of molten polypropylenes
Creators: name: Kazatchkov, Igor B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Experiments were carried out in both sliding plate and capillary I rheometers with two polypropylene resins to determine the conditions for the onset of slip, surface and gross melt fracture. It was found that there was no distinction between surface and gross melt fracture, which is commonly observed in the case of polyethylenes. Furthermore, the flow curves determined by using capillaries having various diameters are diameter independent, implying the absence of slip. However, performing experiments with slit dies having rough surfaces suggested the presence of wall slip. Further analysis has shown that the effect of viscous heating masks the detection of slip from the diameter dependency of the flow curves. The effect of presence of a thin layer of fluoropolymer (Teflon® PA and Viton®, DuPont) on the critical shear stress for the onset of wall slip and melt fracture as well as on the relationship between the wall slip and the shear stress were also examined. It was found that the presence of such layers increases the slip velocity while decreases the critical shear stress for the onset of slip. Surprisingly, this reduction in the wall shear stress had no effect on the critical shear rate for the onset of melt fracture.
Calculating the Higgs Mass in String Theory
Creators: name: Abel, Steven
name: Dienes, Keith R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we establish a fully string-theoretic framework for calculating one-loop Higgs masses directly from first principles in perturbative closed string theories. Our framework makes no assumptions other than worldsheet modular invariance and is therefore applicable to all closed strings, regardless of the specific string construction utilized. This framework can also be employed even when spacetime supersymmetry is broken (and even when this breaking occurs at the Planck scale), and can be utilized for all scalar Higgs fields, regardless of the particular gauge symmetries they break. This therefore includes the Higgs field responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model. Notably, using our framework, we demonstrate that a gravitational modular anomaly generically relates the Higgs mass to the one-loop cosmological constant, thereby yielding a string-theoretic connection between the two fundamental quantities which are known to suffer from hierarchy problems in the absence of spacetime supersymmetry. We also discuss a number of crucial issues involving the use and interpretation of regulators in UV/IR-mixed theories such as string theory, and the manner in which one can extract an EFT description from such theories. Finally, we analyze the running of the Higgs mass within such an EFT description, and uncover the existence of a "dual IR" region which emerges at high energies as the consequence of an intriguing scale-inversion duality symmetry. We also identify a generic stringy effective potential for the Higgs fields in such theories. Our results can therefore serve as the launching point for a rigorous investigation of gauge hierarchy problems in string theory.
description: 60 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures
Purchasing Decision of Denim Jeans in Albania
Creators: name: Selma Nebiu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description:            The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the key factors influencing consumer purchase decisions for denim jeans using a multiple linear regression model. The study aimed to provide actionable insights for businesses, marketers, and researchers in the fashion industry. A self-administered survey with closed-ended Likert scale questions was employed, and the data were analyzed using R software. A total of 225 usable surveys were collected, analyzed, and collated. This approach allowed for a comprehensive examination of consumer preferences and purchasing behavior regarding denim jeans. The results of this study revealed that fit, color, quality, style, and comfort are crucial factors influencing purchase decisions for denim jeans. Price and return policies also have a notable effect but are less impactful compared to these primary attributes. The study’s findings can guide retailers in product development, marketing strategies, and consumer engagement.
Matrix factorization with features for drug activity modeling
Creators: name: Arany, Ádám
name: Simm, Jaak
name: Pooya Zakeri
name: Moreau, Yves
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: We have developed a Bayesian Multi-Relational Factorization method called Macau for modeling IC50 and Ki values using available measurements and compound chemical fingerprints. Our main goal was to investigate the link between IC50 and Ki in real experimental data.
Axion-matter coupling in multiferroics
Creators: name: Røising, Henrik S.
name: Fraser, Benjo
name: Griffin, Sinéad M.
name: Bandyopadhyay, Sumanta
name: Mahabir, Aditi
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
name: Balatsky, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiferroics (MFs) are materials with two or more ferroic orders, like spontaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarizations. Such materials can exhibit a magnetoelectric effect whereby magnetic and ferroelectric polarizations couple linearly, reminiscent of, but not identical to the electromagnetic $\boldsymbol{E}\cdot \boldsymbol{B}$ axion coupling. Here we point out a possible mechanism in which an external dark matter axion field couples linearly to ferroic orders in these materials without external applied fields. We find the magnetic response to be linear in the axion-electron coupling. At temperatures close to the ferromagnetic transition fluctuations can lead to an enhancement of the axion-induced magnetic response. Relevant material candidates such as the Lu-Sc hexaferrite family are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physical Review Research
(Reverse) Engineering Vacuum Alignment
Creators: name: Cheung, Clifford
name: Thaler, Jesse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of spontaneous symmetry breaking, the alignment of the vacuum with respect to the gauge group is often controlled by quadratically divergent operators in the low energy non-linear sigma model. In principle the magnitudes and signs of these operators can be changed by making different assumptions about the ultraviolet physics, but in practice all known ways of regulating these theories preserve the naive vacuum alignment. We show that by "integrating in" different sets of heavy spin-one fields, it is possible to UV extend certain non-linear sigma models into two distinct UV insensitive theories. These UV extensions have identical low energy degrees of freedom but different radiative potentials, making it possible to engineer two different vacuum alignments for the original non-linear sigma model. Our construction employs "non-square" theory spaces which generically violate the common lore that the preferred vacuum alignment preserves the maximal gauge symmetry. By UV extending the SO(9)/(SO(4) X SO(5)) little Higgs model, we find a radiative potential that deviates from the naive expectation but does not stabilize the correct vacuum for proper electroweak symmetry breaking.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables; v2: added references, included spurion analysis
Near-wall turbulence modulation by small inertial particles
Creators: name: Costa, Pedro
name: Brandt, Luca
name: Picano, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use interface-resolved simulations to study near-wall turbulence modulation by small inertial particles, much denser than the fluid, in dilute/semi-dilute conditions. We considered three bulk solid mass fractions, $Ψ=0.34\%$, $3.37\%$ and $33.7\%$, with only the latter two showing turbulence modulation. The increase of the drag is strong at $Ψ=3.37\%$, but mild in the densest case. Actually, two distinct regimes of turbulence modulation emerge: for smaller mass fractions, the turbulence statistics are weakly affected and the near-wall particle accumulation increases the drag so the flow appears as a single phase flow at slightly higher Reynolds number. Conversely, at higher mass fractions, the particles modulate the turbulent dynamics over the entire flow, and the interphase coupling becomes more complex. In this case, fluid Reynolds stresses are attenuated, but the inertial particle dynamics increases the drag via correlated velocity fluctuations leading to an overall drag increase. Hence, we conclude that, although particles at high mass fractions reduce the fluid turbulent drag, the solid phase inertial dynamics may still increase the overall drag. However, inspection of the streamwise momentum budget in the two-way coupling limit of vanishing volume fraction, but finite mass fraction, indicates that this trend could reverse at even higher particle load.
Friedreich cardiomyopathy is a secondary desminopathy
Creators: name: Koeppen, Arnulf
name: Rafique, Rahman
name: Mazurkiewicz, Joseph
name: Pelech, Steven
name: Sutter, Catherine
name: Lin, Qishan
name: Qian, Jiang
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2021

description: Heart disease is an integral part of Friedreich ataxia (FA) and the most common cause of death in this autosomal recessive disease. The result of the mutation is lack of frataxin, a small mitochondrial protein. The clinical and pathological phenotypes of FA are complex, involving brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, sensory nerves, heart, and endocrine pancreas. The hypothesis is that frataxin deficiency causes downstream changes in the proteome of the affected tissues, including the heart. A proteomic analysis of heart proteins in FA cardiomyopathy by antibody microarray, Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and double-label laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed upregulation of desmin and its chaperone protein, αB-crystallin. In normal hearts, these two proteins are co-localized at intercalated discs and Z discs. In FA, desmin and αB-crystallin aggregate, causing chaotic modification of intercalated discs, clustering of mitochondria, and destruction of the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes. Western blots of tissue lysates in FA cardiomyopathy reveal a truncated desmin isoprotein that migrates at a lower molecular weight range than wild type desmin. While desmin and αB-crystallin are not mutated in FA, the accumulation of these proteins in FA hearts allows the conclusion that FA cardiomyopathy is a desminopathy akin to desmin myopathy of skeletal muscle.
description: Free Neuropathology, Bd. 2 (2021)
Vortex flow generated by a magnetic stirrer
Creators: name: Halasz, G.
name: Gyure, B.
name: Janosi, I. M.
name: Szabo, K. G.
name: Tel, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the flow generated by a magnetic stirrer in cylindrical containers by optical observations, PIV measurements and particle and dye tracking methods. The tangential flow is that of an ideal vortex outside of a core, but inside downwelling occur with a strong jet in the very middle. In the core region dye patterns remain visible over minutes indicating a pure stirring and mixing property in this region. The results of quantitative measurements can be described by simple formulas in the investigated region of the stirring bar's rotation frequency. The tangential flow turns out to be dynamically similar to that of big atmospheric vortices like dust devils and tornadoes.
description: Slightly revised version
Electrothermal flow in Dielectrophoresis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Lin, Yuan
name: Shiomi, Junichiro
name: Maruyama, Shigeo
name: Amberg, Gustav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the impact of the electrothermal flow on the dielectrophoretic separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). The electrothermal flow is observed to control the motions of semiconducting SWNTs in a sizeable domain near the electrodes under typical experimental conditions, therefore helping the dielectrophoretic force to attract semiconducting SWNTs in a broader range. Moreover, with the increase of the surfactant concentration, the electrothermal flow is enhanced, and with the change of frequency, the pattern of the electrothermal flow changes. It is shown that under some typical experimental conditions of dielectrophoresis separation of SWNTs, the electrothermal flow is a dominating factor in determining the motion of SWNTs.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to PRB
Strategies to gain novel Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics and therapeutics using modulators of ABCA transporters
Creators: name: Pahnke, Jens
name: Bascuñana, Pablo
name: Brackhan, Mirjam
name: Stefan, Katja
name: Namasivayam, Vigneshwaran
name: Koldamova, Radosveta
name: Wu, Jingyun
name: Möhle, Luisa
name: Stefan, Sven Marcel
Publisher: name: Free Neuropathology
Year: 2021

description: Adenosine-triphosphate-(ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins are ubiquitously present membrane-bound efflux pumps that distribute endo- and xenobiotics across intra- and intercellular barriers. Discovered over 40 years ago, ABC transporters have been identified as key players in various human diseases, such as multidrug-resistant cancer and atherosclerosis, but also neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most prominent and well-studied are ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2, not only due to their contribution to the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in cancer, but also due to their contribution to AD. However, our understanding of other ABC transporters is limited, and most of the 49 human ABC transporters have been largely neglected as potential targets for novel small-molecule drugs. This is especially true for the ABCA subfamily, which contains several members known to play a role in AD initiation and progression. This review provides up-to-date information on the proposed functional background and pathological role of ABCA transporters in AD. We also provide an overview of small-molecules shown to interact with ABCA transporters as well as potential in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methodologies to gain novel templates for the development of innovative ABC transporter-targeting diagnostics and therapeutics.
description: Free Neuropathology, Bd. 2 (2021)
Valley two-qubit system in a MoS$_2$-monolayer gated double quantum dot
Creators: name: Pawłowski, J.
name: Bieniek, M.
name: Woźniak, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a two-qubit system defined on valley isospins of two electrons confined in a gate-defined double quantum dot created within a MoS$_2$ monolayer flake. We show how to initialize, control, interact and read out such valley qubits only by electrical means using voltages applied to the local planar gates, which are layered on the top of the flake. By demonstrating the two-qubit exchange or readout via the Pauli blockade, we prove that valley qubits in transition-metal-dichalcogenide semiconductors family fulfill the universality criteria and represent a scalable quantum computing platform. Our numerical experiments are based on the tight-binding model for a MoS$_2$ monolayer, which gives single-electron eigenstates that are then used to construct a basis of Slater-determinants for the two-electron configuration space. We express screened electron-electron interactions in this basis by calculating the Coulomb matrix elements using localized Slater-type orbitals. Then we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and obtain an exact time-evolution of the two-electron system. During the evolution we simultaneously solve the Poison equation, finding the confinement potential controlled via voltages applied to the gates.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
`Third' Quantization of Vacuum Einstein Gravity and Free Yang-Mills Theories
Creators: name: Raptis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the algebraico-categorical (:sheaf-theoretic and sheaf cohomological) conceptual and technical machinery of Abstract Differential Geometry, a new, genuinely background spacetime manifold independent, field quantization scenario for vacuum Einstein gravity and free Yang-Mills theories is introduced. The scheme is coined `third quantization' and, although it formally appears to follow a canonical route, it is fully covariant, because it is an expressly functorial `procedure'. Various current and future Quantum Gravity research issues are discussed under the light of 3rd-quantization. A postscript gives a brief account of this author's personal encounters with Rafael Sorkin and his work.
description: 43 pages; latest version contributed to a fest-volume celebrating Rafael Sorkin's 60th birthday (Erratum: in earlier versions I had wrongly written that the Editor for this volume is Daniele Oriti, with CUP as publisher. I apologize for the mistake.)
ASSESSING POLICE BRUTALITY AND PERCEPTION OF YOUTHS' USAGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Creators: name: TOUITOU, TINA. C
name: OWOLABI RUTH ONAJITE
name: CHARLES M. EKEH
name: EMMANUEL. O.U. IKPEGBU
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Nigerian Police Force (NPF), ENDSARS, Police Brutality, and Social Media.

description: Abstract

In light of the ENDSARS protest movement that occurred in 2020, there is clear distinction between the duties of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) and the actions in which they execute. For a very long time the NPF has had its powers unchecked as police brutality has become one of the main social issues in the country over the years, this has caused an outcry and revolution from the citizens but in more recent times social media has become the major communication tool to spare head the campaign against police brutality in Nigeria. Based on this the research study employed descriptive survey research design; and adopted purposive non-probability sampling technique. The Taro Yamane formula was used to arrive at a sample size of 253.The research instrument used is a self-developed structured questionnaire. It was developed in line with the research objectives and is based on 5-Likert-type scale questionnaire structure. The finding showed that social media is a very effective communication tool being used in the fight against police brutality. The study recommended that the Police Force should be properly trained on relations with civilian on how to handle criminality without necessarily engaging in brutality. The study conclusion reflected on how important social media has been in the fight against police brutality and how it has become more than a social networking platform rather a platform for activism and campaign against police brutality.
Performance and limits of feedback cooling methods for levitated oscillators: a direct comparison
Creators: name: Penny, T. W.
name: Pontin, A.
name: Barker, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooling the centre-of-mass motion is an important tool for levitated optomechanical systems, but it is often not clear which method can practically reach lower temperatures for a particular experiment. We directly compare the parametric and velocity feedback damping methods, which are used extensively for cooling the motion of single trapped particles in a range of traps. By performing experiments on the same particle, and with the same detection system, we demonstrate that velocity damping cools the oscillator to lower temperatures and is more resilient to imperfect experimental conditions. We show that these results are consistent with analytical limits as well as numerical simulations that include experimental noise.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Point Cloud Transformers applied to Collider Physics
Creators: name: Mikuni, Vinicius
name: Canelli, Florencia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Methods for processing point cloud information have seen a great success in collider physics applications. One recent breakthrough in machine learning is the usage of Transformer networks to learn semantic relationships between sequences in language processing. In this work, we apply a modified Transformer network called Point Cloud Transformer as a method to incorporate the advantages of the Transformer architecture to an unordered set of particles resulting from collision events. To compare the performance with other strategies, we study jet-tagging applications for highly-boosted particles.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Self-organization of supercooled liquids confined inside nano-porous materials
Creators: name: Teboul, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the structural and dynamical modifications of supercooled water when confined inside an hydrophilic nanopore. We then investigate the evolution of the auto-organization of the most and the least mobile molecules (dynamical heterogeneity and string-like cooperative motions) when supercooled water is confined. Our calculations use the recent TIP5P intermolecular potential for water. We observe a strong slowing down of the dynamical properties when the liquid is confined, although the liquid structure is found to remain unchanged when corrected from the pore geometry. We then study cooperative motions inside supercooled confined water in comparison with bulk water. We observe strong modifications of the cooperative motions when the liquid is confined. We observe that dynamical heterogeneities and the associated correlation lengths are strongly increased as well as string-like motions in the confined liquid. This result, which is in opposition with the expected limitation of the correlation length by the confinement procedure, may explain (or be explained by) the slowing down of the dynamics. However the comparison of the dynamical heterogeneities at constant diffusion coefficient shows that the slowing down of the dynamics is not sufficient to explain the increase of the correlation lengths.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
The Talbot effect as the fundamental solution to the free Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Eceizabarrena, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q41, 46F10, 35J05, 78A05

description: The Talbot effect is usually modeled using the Helmholtz equation, but its main experimental features are captured by the solution to the free Schrödinger equation with the Dirac comb as initial datum. This simplified description is a consequence of the paraxial approximation in geometric optics. However, it is a heuristic approximation that is not mathematically well justified, so K. I. Oskolkov raised the problem of "mathematizing" it. We show that it holds exactly in the sense of distributions.
description: v2: Accepted Manuscript - Portugaliae Mathematica
The classical $β$-ensembles with $β$ proportional to $1/N$: from loop equations to Dyson's disordered chain
Creators: name: Forrester, Peter J.
name: Mazzuca, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15B52(Primary) 60B20, 82C22, 82C44 (Secondary)

description: In the classical $β$-ensembles of random matrix theory, setting $β= 2 α/N$ and taking the $N \to \infty$ limit gives a statistical state depending on $α$. Using the loop equations for the classical $β$-ensembles, we study the corresponding eigenvalue density, its moments, covariances of monomial linear statistics, and the moments of the leading $1/N$ correction to the density. From earlier literature the limiting eigenvalue density is known to be related to classical functions. Our study gives a unifying mechanism underlying this fact, identifying in particular the Gauss hypergeometric differential equation determining the Stieltjes transform of the limiting density in the Jacobi case. Our characterisation of the moments and covariances of monomial linear statistics is through recurrence relations. Also, we extend recent work which begins with the $β$-ensembles in the high temperature limit and constructs a family of tridiagonal matrices referred to as $α$-ensembles, obtaining a random anti-symmetric tridiagonal matrix with i.i.d.~gamma distributed random variables. From this we are able to supplement analytic results obtained by Dyson in the study of the so-called type I disordered chain.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure, we added some references and corrected some typos
Qualifikationsarbeiten in der deutschsprachigen katholischen Sozialethik
Creators: name: Heimbach-Steins, Marianne
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Unter dieser Rubrik werden jährlich laufende und in jüngster Zeit abgeschlossene wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zur katholischen Sozialethik – Habilitationsschriften, Dissertationen sowie besonders qualifizierte Examensarbeiten – angezeigt. Wir geben (je nach den eingesandten Angaben) Autor/in, Titel, Arbeitsbeginn bzw. -ende sowie den Namen der/des Betreuenden der Arbeit an.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 62 (2021): Wohnen - gutes Leben - Gerechtigkeit
Cross-correlating Astrophysical and Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds with the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Ricciardone, Angelo
name: Dall'Armi, Lorenzo Valbusa
name: Bartolo, Nicola
name: Bertacca, Daniele
name: Liguori, Michele
name: Matarrese, Sabino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General Relativity provides us with an extremely powerful tool to extract at the same time astrophysical and cosmological information from the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Backgrounds (SGWBs): the cross-correlation with other cosmological tracers, since their anisotropies share a common origin and the same perturbed geodesics. In this letter we explore the cross-correlation of the cosmological and astrophysical SGWBs with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies, showing that future GW detectors, such as LISA or BBO, have the ability to measure such cross-correlation signals. We also present, as a new tool in this context, constrained realization maps of the SGWBs extracted from the high-resolution CMB {\it Planck} maps. This technique allows, in the low-noise regime, to faithfully reconstruct the expected SGWB map by starting from CMB measurements.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 3 appendices. Minor changes to match the published Physical Review Letter version
Christliche Sozialethik – eine zugleich sozialwissenschaftliche und theologische Disziplin
Creators: name: Frankenreiter, Ivo
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 62 (2021): Wohnen - gutes Leben - Gerechtigkeit
Secure Hop-by-Hop Aggregation of End-to-End Concealed Data in Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Mlaih, Esam
name: Aly, Salah A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In-network data aggregation is an essential technique in mission critical wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for achieving effective transmission and hence better power conservation. Common security protocols for aggregated WSNs are either hop-by-hop or end-to-end, each of which has its own encryption schemes considering different security primitives. End-to-end encrypted data aggregation protocols introduce maximum data secrecy with in-efficient data aggregation and more vulnerability to active attacks, while hop-by-hop data aggregation protocols introduce maximum data integrity with efficient data aggregation and more vulnerability to passive attacks. In this paper, we propose a secure aggregation protocol for aggregated WSNs deployed in hostile environments in which dual attack modes are present. Our proposed protocol is a blend of flexible data aggregation as in hop-by-hop protocols and optimal data confidentiality as in end-to-end protocols. Our protocol introduces an efficient O(1) heuristic for checking data integrity along with cost-effective heuristic-based divide and conquer attestation process which is $O(\ln{n})$ in average -O(n) in the worst scenario- for further verification of aggregated results.
Politik und Ökonomie der Gemeingüter
Creators: name: Große Kracht, Hermann-Josef
name: Hagedorn, Jonas
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 62 (2021): Wohnen - gutes Leben - Gerechtigkeit
Nonlinear resonant behavior of the dispersive readout scheme for a superconducting flux qubit
Creators: name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Oliver, William D.
name: Berggren, Karl K.
name: Orlando, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonlinear resonant circuit comprising a SQUID magnetometer and a parallel capacitor is studied as a readout scheme for a persistent-current (PC) qubit. The flux state of the qubit is detected as a change in the Josephson inductance of the SQUID magnetometer, which in turn mediates a shift in the resonance frequency of the readout circuit. The nonlinearity and resulting hysteresis in the resonant behavior are characterized as a function of the power of both the input drive and the associated resonance peak response. Numerical simulations based on a phenomenological circuit model are presented which display the features of the observed nonlinearity.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Three-parameter deformation of $\mathbb{R}\times S^3$ in the Landau-Lifshitz limit
Creators: name: García, Juan Miguel Nieto
name: Wyss, Leander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we construct the effective field theory associated to the $\mathbb{R}\times S^3$ sector of the three-parameter deformation of $AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4$ in the Landau-Lifshitz approximation. We use this action to compute the dispersion relation of excitations around the BMN vacuum and the perturbative $S$-matrix associated to them. We are able to compute and sum all the different loop contributions to the $S$-matrix in this limit.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure. v2: References added. v3: References added, typos corrected. Published version
Die Wohnungsfrage – eine Gerechtigkeitsfrage
Creators: name: Große Kracht, Hermann-Josef
name: Hagedorn, Jonas
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2021

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 62 (2021): Wohnen - gutes Leben - Gerechtigkeit
Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Swarms of Microscopic Robots
Creators: name: Galstyan, Aram
name: Hogg, Tad
name: Lerman, Kristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The biologically-inspired swarm paradigm is being used to design self-organizing systems of locally interacting artificial agents. A major difficulty in designing swarms with desired characteristics is understanding the causal relation between individual agent and collective behaviors. Mathematical analysis of swarm dynamics can address this difficulty to gain insight into system design. This paper proposes a framework for mathematical modeling of swarms of microscopic robots that may one day be useful in medical applications. While such devices do not yet exist, the modeling approach can be helpful in identifying various design trade-offs for the robots and be a useful guide for their eventual fabrication. Specifically, we examine microscopic robots that reside in a fluid, for example, a bloodstream, and are able to detect and respond to different chemicals. We present the general mathematical model of a scenario in which robots locate a chemical source. We solve the scenario in one-dimension and show how results can be used to evaluate certain design decisions.
description: 2005 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, Pasadena, CA June 2005
LITHIC TECHNOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION AT THE BAKER SITE: A RHYOLITE QUARRY ON THE MARGINS OF PLUVIAL LAKE MOJAVE, CALIFORNIA
Creators: name: Schroeder, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: lithic technology
lithic analysis
lithic quarry
Pluvial Lake Mojave
Mojave Desert
Baker Site

description: A sample of 794 artifacts from the extant Baker site (CA-SBR-541) chipped stone assemblage, a well-known central Mojave Desert rhyolite source, was analyzed to understand how prehistoric hunter-gatherers organized their stone tool technology around pluvial Lake Mojave (today’s Soda and Silver Lake playas) and how this site fits into regional patterns of lithic procurement and production across the Mojave Desert and Great Basin. Analysis of the tools, cores, and debitage suggests the Baker site primarily functioned as a rhyolite quarry and workshop where hunter-gatherers emphasized the production of early- to middle-stage bifaces and flake blanks for transport to off-site locations. The outcropping of Baker rhyolite boulders, the high proportion of early-stage reduction debris, and the presence of exhausted, technologically finished tools supports this study’s interpretation that the Baker site was a source for raw material procurement and biface and flake blank production with occasional opportunistic tool manufacture. A Levallois-like core reduction technique evident on nearly 18% of the analyzed cores suggests this strategy was a work-around to produce flake blanks from the available small raw material packages and less-than-ideal stone quality. Comparison of 50 cores from the nearby Soda Mountains felsite quarry/workshop complex show many similarities between the lithic technological strategies associated with the procurement and use of felsite and rhyolite around pluvial Lake Mojave, with raw material package size representing the most substantial difference. Attempts to geochemically trace Baker rhyolite across the Mojave Desert landscape fails to show movement of toolstone originating from the site outside of the Lake Mojave area.