cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The experiences of parents of children diagnosed with an intellectual disability: Social model of disability and Power Threat Meaning Framework perspectives
Creators: name: James, Gail
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Systematic literature review The social model of disability posits ‘disability’ is not innate, but conceptualised as an interaction between bodies and power inequalities which are maintained through societal discourses. Fourteen studies were systematically reviewed using Thematic Synthesis to explore the influence of discourses related to Down syndrome (DS) on the lived experiences of parents of children with DS. Three superordinate themes were generated: Othered parents, exploring how discourses place parents outside the ‘norm’; (In)visible and (mis)understood, outlining how the facial phenotype of DS led others to judge the desirability of parents’ children; Finding belonging and validation, highlighting some parents reject the position of ‘other’ and seek connection in the DS community. These findings suggest there is a clinical need to share with parents the range of health and social outcomes for people with DS and support parents to reflect on their positioning in relation to ableist discourses. Empirical research project The Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) has not previously been utilised with parents of children diagnosed with intellectual ‘disabilities’ despite this parenting group commonly being oppressed by ableist social structures. This study explored parents’ experiences of narrative development and their views on the fit of the PTMF for making sense of distress related to challenges of parenting a disabled child. Six parents each participated in a series of three to four semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Three superordinate themes were generated: Altered worldview, capturing how the PTMF supported parents to develop new insights; Reflections on the PTMF as an approach, outlining parents’ critiques of the Framework; The applicability of the PTMF to parents and ID services, highlighting how the PTMF is implemented within services needs careful consideration. These findings emphasise the importance of adapting the PTMF on an individual basis so less pathologising understandings for both parents and professionals can be created.
Domain-specific informative and indicative summarization for information retrieval
Creators: name: Klavans, Judith L.
name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: In this paper, we propose the use of multidocument summarization as a post-processing step in document retrieval. We examine the use of the summary as a replacement to the standard ranked list. The form of the summary is novel because it has both informative and indicate elements, designed to help different users perform their tasks better. Our summary uses the documents' topical structure as a backbone for its own structure, as it was deemed the most useful document feature in our study of a corpus of summaries.
The Cure for Plastic
Creators: name: Forestell, Peter
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Education--Language and Literature

description: The Cure for Plastic explores a gay man’s relationship to effeminacy through his attempts to adopt traditionally feminine roles, particularly those of the spinster and the homemaker. More specifically, when faced with the primary care of an infant, Lawrence, the narrator, mines his memory to answer the question of why he agreed to adopt the baby in spite of his own reluctance and lack of support from his husband. The uncomfortable, unsatisfactory answer lies with stories of Lawrence’s female role models, his relationships with women, and his own desire to put his house in respectable order. Rooted in his love for women and, at the same time, his misogynistic caricaturing of them, Lawrence’s narration explores the many, and often problematic, ways in which white gay men envision women, femininity, and their own effeminacy. In a time of climate panic, environmental crisis, and the emergence of a vibrant, increasingly intersectional queer community, Lawrence’s inward turn also marks a desire for the privilege of safety, literally the comforts of home, even as they fall away. The critical afterword explores Lawrence’s taciturn narration in light of his troubled adoption of these opposing, yet traditionally feminine roles. This problem is considered from historical, literary, stylistic, and personal perspectives. First, The Cure for Plastic is considered in light of the history of the novel, asking whether this novel, with Lawrence at the helm, constitutes a novel at all. Second, the detritus of the ocean becomes a metaphor for the impulse to tell stories. Third, Lawrence’s resistance to narrative strategies that transform spinsters into mothers is explored through a reading of Anne of Green Gables. Fourth, narratives of gay vanity, especially that of Gaëtan Dugas, often mislabeled the AIDS Patient Zero, are explored to root out the effemiphobia of gay men. Fifth, the literary landscape of New Brunswick is considered against the work of Antonine Maillet, and her ear for orality. Sixth, Lawrence’s relationship to women and traditionally feminine roles are critiqued in light of the misogyny and transmisogyny of gay men through a reading of Peter Wildeblood’s Against the Law and E.M. Forster’s Maurice. Finally, Alice Munro’s distaste for literary “tricks” becomes the basis for a style.
A superconducting microwave multivibrator produced by coherent feedback
Creators: name: Kerckhoff, Joseph
name: Lehnert, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a coherent nonlinear feedback circuit constructed from pre-existing superconducting microwave devices. The network exhibits emergent bistable and astable states, and we demonstrate its operation as a latch and the frequency locking of its oscillations. While the network is tedious to model by hand, our observations agree quite well with the semiclassical dynamical model produced by a new software package [N. Tezak et al., arXiv:1111.3081v1] that systematically interpreted an idealized schematic of the system as a quantum optic feedback network.
description: 9 double-spaced pages, 5 figures and supplement. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Degrees of Stativity: The Lexical Representation of Verb Aspect
Creators: name: Klavans, Judith L.
name: Chodorow, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: The automatic acquisition of lexical knowledge from large corpora has dealt primarily with coocurrence phenomena, at the expense of inherent lexical features. We present here a methodology for obtaining semantic information on verb aspect by parsing a corpus and automatically applying linguistic tests with a set of structural analysis tools. Once applied, we propose a representation for verb aspect that associates a value with weights for event types. Weights reflect typical verb use, and thus represent a measure of the resistance or ease of coercion in sentential context. The results we report here have been obtained in two ways: by extracting relevant information from the tagged Brown corpus (Francis and Kucera 1982), and by running a parser (McCord 1980, 1990) on the Reader's Digest corpus to extract more accurate information on verb usage in text.
Continuum Cascade Model of Directed Random Graphs: Traveling Wave Analysis
Creators: name: Itoh, Yoshiaki
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study a class of directed random graphs. In these graphs, the interval [0,x] is the vertex set, and from each y\in [0,x], directed links are drawn to points in the interval (y,x] which are chosen uniformly with density one. We analyze the length of the longest directed path starting from the origin. In the large x limit, we employ traveling wave techniques to extract the asymptotic behavior of this quantity. We also study the size of a cascade tree composed of vertices which can be reached via directed paths starting at the origin.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures; figure added
Evaluation of computational linguistic techniques for identifying significant topics for browsing applications
Creators: name: Klavans, Judith L.
name: Evans, David K.
name: Wacholder, Nina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: Evaluation of natural language processing tools and systems must focus on two complementary aspects: first, evaluation of the accuracy of the output, and second, evaluation of the functionality of the output as embedded in an application. This paper presents evaluations of two aspects of LinkIT, a tool for noun phrase identification linking, sorting and filtering. LinkIT uses a head sorting method to organize and rank simplex noun phrases (SNPs). LinkIT is to identify significant topics in domain-independent documents. The first evaluation, reported in D.K.Evans et al. 2000 compares the output of the Noun Phrase finder in LinkIT to two other systems. Issues of establishing a gold standard and criteria for matching are discussed. The second evaluation directly concerns the construction of the browsing application. We present results from Wacholder et al. 2000 on a qualitative evaluation which compares three shallow processing methods for extracting index terms, i.e., terms that can be used to model the content of documents. We analyze both quality and coverage. We discuss how experimental results such as these guide the building of an effective browsing applications.
Using the Annotated Bibliography as a Resource for Indicative Summarization
Creators: name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Klavans, Judith L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: We report on a language resource consisting of 2000 annotated bibliography entries, which is being analyzed as part of our research on indicative document summarization. We show how annotated bibliographies cover certain aspects of summarization that have not been well-covered by other summary corpora, and motivate why they constitute an important form to study for information retrieval. We detail our methodology for collecting the corpus, and overview our document feature markup that we introduced to facilitate summary analysis. We present the characteristics of the corpus, methods of collection, and show its use in finding the distribution of types of information included in indicative summaries and their relative ordering within the summaries.
Methods for precise named entity matching in digital collections
Creators: name: Klavans, Judith L.
name: Davis, Peter T.
name: Elson, David K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: In this paper, we describe an interactive system, built within the context of CLiMB project, which permits a user to locate the occurrences of named entities within a given text. The named entity tool was developed to identify references to a single art object (e.g. a particular building) with high precision in text related to images of that object in a digital collection. We start with an authoritative list of art objects, and seek to match variants of these named entities in related text. Our approach is to "decay" entities into progressively more general variants while retaining high precision. As variants become more general, and thus more ambiguous, we propose methods to disambiguate intermediate results. Our results will be used to select records into which automatically generated metadata will be loaded.
Total nucleon-nucleon cross sections in large N(c) QCD
Creators: name: Cohen, Thomas D.
name: Gelman, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use contracted spin-flavor symmetry which emerges in the large Nc limit of QCD to obtain relations between proton-proton and proton-neutron total cross sections for both polarized and unpolarized scattering. The formalism used is valid in the semi-classical regime in which the relative momentum of the incident nucleons is much larger than the inverse size of the nucleon, provided that certain technical assumptions are met. The relations should be phenomenologically useful provided that Nc=3 is sufficiently large so that the large Nc results have at least semi-quantitative predictive power. The relations are model-independent in the sense that they depend on properties of large Nc QCD only and not on any particular model-dependent details of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. We compare these model-independent results to experimental data. We find the relation for spin-unpolarized scattering works well empirically. For the case of polarized scattering, the data is consistent with the relations but the cross sections are too small to make sharp predictions.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, typographical errors corrected
TVET and Socio-economic Development in Uganda: Lessons from Chinese TVET
Creators: name: Charles, Kidega
name: Song, Prof. Zheng
name: Ndambo Djaya, Haufiku Gottlieb
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant influence that Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has on a nation's economic growth. The capacity to integrate TVET with national economic development objectives has contributed to the economic success of many nations, notably China. TVET is seen as essential in these nations for addressing domestic issues leading to sustainable development, which places greater focus on its efficient coordination. It argues that effectively integrating TVET into national development strategies can enhance productivity, reduce unemployment, and foster sustainable economic development. The study explores the key elements of the Chinese TVET system and its role in driving socio-economic development. It articulates how China's approach to TVET has contributed to its rapid economic growth, technological advancement, and poverty alleviation. Emphasizes China's strong public-private partnerships, industry collaboration, extensive curriculum development, and practical training delivery as crucial factors in the success of its TVET system. TVET in Uganda is upset by an ineffective management structure and a lack of finance, leading to a shortage of skills and a mismatch between the qualifications offered and the demands of the labor market. These factors are major contributors to the nation's low productivity and economic stagnation. It argues that by learning from the Chinese TVET system, Uganda can develop an effective and sustainable TVET framework that addresses the country's socioeconomic challenges, promotes inclusive growth, and enhances youth employment opportunities. This study used interviews and the document analysis method. Taking inspiration from China's decades-long success in developing knowledge and skills through TVET, this study explores the state, structure, implementation issues, and effects of TVET on socio-economic development in Uganda and China. In summary. It underscores the importance of aligning TVET with labor market needs, fostering industry collaboration, investing in infrastructure, and ensuring policy coherence to drive sustainable development in Uganda
Corpus-Trained Text Generation for Summarization
Creators: name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: We explore how machine learning can be employed to learn rulesets for the traditional modules of content planning and surface realization. Our approach takes advantage of semantically annotated corpora to induce preferences for content planning and constraints on realizations of these plans. We applied this methodology to an annotated corpus of indicative summaries to derive constraint rules that can assist in generating summaries for new, unseen material.
The real shape of non-Gaussianities
Creators: name: Lewis, Antony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review what bispectra and trispectra look like in real space, in terms of the sign of particular shaped triangles and tetrahedrons. Having an equilateral density bispectrum of positive sign corresponds to having concentrated overdensities surrounded by larger weaker underdensities. In 3D these are concentrated density filaments, as expected in large-scale structure. As the shape changes from equilateral to flattened the concentrated overdensities flatten into lines (3D planes). I then focus on squeezed bispectra, which can be thought of as correlations of changes in small-scale power with large-scale fields, and discuss the general non-perturbative form of the squeezed bispectrum and its angular dependence. A general trispectrum has tetrahedral form and I show examples of what this can look like in real space. Squeezed trispectra are of particular interest and come in two forms, corresponding to large-scale variance of small-scale power, and correlated modulations of an equilateral-form bispectrum. Flattened trispectra can be produced by line-like features in 2D, for example from cosmic strings, and randomly located features also give a non-Gaussian signal. There are relationships between the squeezed types of non-Gaussianity, and also a useful interpretation in terms of statistical anisotropy. I discuss the various possible physical origins of cosmological non-Gaussianities, both in terms of primordial perturbations and late-time dynamical and geometric effects.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures; Clarification regarding g_NL/two-leg squeezed shape, minor edits, reference updates (supersedes published version)
Leptogenesis from first principles in the resonant regime
Creators: name: Garny, Mathias
name: Kartavtsev, Alexander
name: Hohenegger, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lepton asymmetry generated by the out-of-equilibrium decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos with a quasi-degenerate mass spectrum is resonantly enhanced. In this work, we study this scenario within a first-principle approach. The quantum field theoretical treatment is applicable for mass splittings of the order of the width of the Majorana neutrinos, for which the enhancement is maximally large. The non-equilibrium evolution of the mixing Majorana neutrino fields is described by a formal analytical solution of the Kadanoff-Baym equations, that is obtained by neglecting the back-reaction. Based on this solution, we derive approximate analytical expressions for the generated asymmetry and compare them to the Boltzmann result. We find that the resonant enhancement obtained from the Kadanoff-Baym approach is smaller compared to the Boltzmann approach, due to additional contributions that describe coherent transitions between the Majorana neutrino species. We also discuss corrections to the masses and widths of the degenerate pair of Majorana neutrinos that are relevant for very small mass splitting, and compare the approximate analytical result for the lepton asymmetry with numerical results.
description: 47 pages, 5 figures
The Labor Market Returns to Sub-Baccalaureate College: A Review
Creators: name: Belfield, Clive
name: Bailey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Labor market
Community colleges
Community college students
Community college students--Economic conditions

description: This paper reviews recent evidence on the labor market returns to credit accumulation, certificates, and associate degrees from community colleges. Evidence is collated from estimates of earnings gaps across college students using large-scale, statewide administrative datasets from eight states. Six of these states were partners of the Center for Analysis of Postsecondary Education and Employment (CAPSEE), a research center funded by the Institute of Education Sciences of the U.S. Department of Education. CAPSEE researchers conducted extensive analyses of education and earnings in these states. Findings from these studies affirm a “CAPSEE consensus” with three main results and two key features. For associate degrees, this review affirms that completing an associate degree yields strongly positive, persistent, and consistent earnings gains: studies show that completing an associate degree yields on average approximately $4,640–$7,160 per annum in extra earnings compared to entering college but not completing an award. For certificates, the evidence shows positive but modest returns and that these returns may fade out within a few years post-college. For non-completers, there is evidence that earning more credits is associated with higher earnings. Generally, the results establish two main features. First, increments of college lead to higher earnings, but with returns that are heterogeneous by field of study. Second, the evidence is strongly suggestive that returns to college are robust to macroeconomic trends.
Evaluating the Content and Usability of an Experimental Text Summarization System and Three Web-Based Search Engines
Creators: name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Klavans, Judith L.
name: Kushniruk, Andre W.
name: Patel, Vimla L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper describes the evaluation of a new automated text summarization system, Centrifuser. This system provides information to patients and families relevant to their specific health questions. Centrifuser accepts queries about health conditions, and produces a summary of information from articles retrieved by a standard search engine that is tailored to the user's question. The evaluation involved audio- and video-recording of all subject interactions with the interfaces in situ at a hospital. Subjects, consisting of friends or family of hospitalized patients, were asked to “think aloud” as they interacted with Centrifuser and three commonly used search engines: Google, Yahoo, and About.com. Results of the evaluation show that subjects found Centrifuser's summarization capability useful and easy to understand. In comparing Centrifuser to the three search engines, subjects' ratings varied; however, specific interface features were deemed useful across interfaces. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for engineering Web-based retrieval systems.
Solidarity through difference: Speculative participatory serious urban gaming (SPS-UG)
Creators: name: Beattie, H
name: Brown, Daniel
name: Kindon, Sara
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This article discusses the methodology and results of the Maslow’s Palace workshops project, which engages with current debates surrounding the democratisation of digital urban design technology and stakeholder decision making, through the implementation of a speculative oriented approach to serious gaming. The research explores how serious games might be used to help marginalised communities consider past, future and present community experiences, reconcile dissimilar assumptions, generate social capital building and design responses and prime participants for further long-term design engagement processes through a new approach called Speculative Participatory Serious Urban Gaming. Empirical material for this research was gathered from a range of case study workshops prepared with three landfill-based communities and external partners throughout 2017. Results show the approach helped participants develop shared norms, values and collective understandings of sensitive topics and develop ideas for future action through ‘collective tinkering’.
Geometrical engineering of a two-bands Chern insulator in two dimensions with arbitrary topological index
Creators: name: Sticlet, Doru
name: Piéchon, Frederic
name: Fuchs, Jean-Noël
name: Kalugin, Pavel
name: Simon, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional 2-bands insulators breaking time reversal symmetry can present topological phases indexed by a topological invariant called the Chern number. Here we first propose an efficient procedure to determine this topological index. This tool allows in principle to conceive 2-bands Hamiltonians with arbitrary Chern numbers. We apply our methodology to gradually construct a quantum anomalous Hall insulator (Chern insulator) which can be tuned through five topological phases indexed by the Chern numbers {0,+/-1,+/-2}. On a cylindrical finite geometry, such insulator can therefore sustain up to two edge states which we characterize analytically. From this non-trivial Chern insulator and its time reversed copy, we build a quantum spin Hall insulator and show how the phases with a +/-2 Chern index yield trivial Z2 insulating phases.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Sparse approximations of protein structure from noisy random projections
Creators: name: Panaretos, Victor M.
name: Konis, Kjell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Single-particle electron microscopy is a modern technique that biophysicists employ to learn the structure of proteins. It yields data that consist of noisy random projections of the protein structure in random directions, with the added complication that the projection angles cannot be observed. In order to reconstruct a three-dimensional model, the projection directions need to be estimated by use of an ad-hoc starting estimate of the unknown particle. In this paper we propose a methodology that does not rely on knowledge of the projection angles, to construct an objective data-dependent low-resolution approximation of the unknown structure that can serve as such a starting estimate. The approach assumes that the protein admits a suitable sparse representation, and employs discrete $L^1$-regularization (LASSO) as well as notions from shape theory to tackle the peculiar challenges involved in the associated inverse problem. We illustrate the approach by application to the reconstruction of an E. coli protein component called the Klenow fragment.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS479 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Corpus Creation for New Genres: A Crowdsourced Approach to PP Attachment
Creators: name: Jha, Mukund
name: Andreas, Jacob
name: Thadani, Kapil
name: Rosenthal, Sara
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper explores the task of building an accurate prepositional phrase attachment corpus for new genres while avoiding a large investment in terms of time and money by crowdsourcing judgments. We develop and present a system to extract prepositional phrases and
their potential attachments from ungrammatical and informal sentences and pose the subsequent disambiguation tasks as multiple choice
questions to workers from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service. Our analysis shows that this two-step approach is capable of producing
reliable annotations on informal and potentially noisy blog text, and this semi-automated strategy holds promise for similar annotation
projects in new genres.
Development of a Standalone Compositional Simulator for Modelling Multiphase Flow and Temperature Distribution Along Wellbore
Creators: name: Xiong, Wanqiang
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Thermal Wellbore Modeling Simulation
subject: Energy
subject: Engineering

description: Well modeling of multiphase flow and temperature flow along a wellbore has wide applications in the petroleum industry especially in unconventional oil and gas recovery processes. Also, wellbore modeling can be applied in a geothermal well for optimizing production parameters. The main research works completed in this study include building mathematical equations for wellbore modeling and development of a standalone wellbore simulator. At first, a series of mathematical equations are built for wellbore modeling of fluid flow in tubing or annulus, heat loss to a surrounding formation and heat transfer in the formation. Then methods and workflows are determined for key steps in wellbore simulator development including discretization, a grid system, a solution method and a liner equation solver. A standalone compositional wellbore simulator is developed. Validation works against CMG SAM, CMG Flexwell and Eclipse Multi-Segment Well are conducted afterwards. Different scenarios have been modeled by the wellbore simulator that include hot water injection, steam injection, SAGD circulation, SAGD injection, multiphase well production, steam-solvent co-injection, liquid CO2 injection for a shale gas reservoir and geothermal well production. Different well trajectories and structures are handled such as vertical, deviated and horizontal wells, and the wells consisted of one or dual tubing strings. New correlations for more accurate heat loss calculations are regressed in this study based on CFD Fluent simulation and they can better estimate the convection heat transfer in annuli space with single tubing or dual-tubing strings. Also, a semi-numerical method and a fully numerical method for heat loss calculations are proposed. The semi-numerical method consists of heat loss through wellbore components calculated by correlations and heat loss in a surrounding formation numerically simulated, and the fully numerical method performs simulation for heat transfer both in wellbore components and the surrounding formation.
The Decomposition of Human-Written Summary Sentences
Creators: name: Jing, Hongyan
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We dene the problem of decomposing human-written summary sentences and propose a novel Hidden Markov Model solution to the problem. Human summarizers often rely on cutting and pasting of the full document to generate summaries. Decomposing a human-written summary sentence requires determining: (1) whether it is constructed by cutting and pasting, (2) what components in the sentence come from the original document, and (3) where in the document the components come from. Solving the decomposition problem can potentially lead to the automatic acquisition of large corpora for summarization. It also sheds light on the generation of summary text by cutting and pasting. The evaluation shows that the proposed decomposition algorithm performs well.
Stability study of a model for the Klein-Gordon equation in Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Beyer, Horst Reinhard
name: Alcubierre, Miguel
name: Megevand, Miguel
name: Degollado, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current early stage in the investigation of the stability of the Kerr metric is characterized by the study of appropriate model problems. Particularly interesting is the problem of the stability of the solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation, describing the propagation of a scalar field of mass $μ$ in the background of a rotating black hole. Rigorous results proof the stability of the reduced, by separation in the azimuth angle in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates, field for sufficiently large masses. Some, but not all, numerical investigations find instability of the reduced field for rotational parameters $a$ extremely close to 1. Among others, the paper derives a model problem for the equation which supports the instability of the field down to $a/M \approx 0.97$.
description: Updated version, after minor changes
Role of verbs in document analysis
Creators: name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: Klanvas, Judith L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We present results of two methods for assessing the event profile of news articles as a function of verb type. The unique contribution of this research is the focus on the role of verbs, rather than nouns. Two algorithms are presented and evaluated, one of which is shown to accurately discriminate documents by type and semantic properties, i.e. the event profile. The initial method, using WordNet (Miller et al. 1990), produced multiple cross-classification of articles, primarily due to the bushy nature of the verb tree coupled with the sense disambiguation problem. Our second approach using English Verb Classes and Alternations (EVCA) Levin (1993) showed that monosemous categorization of the frequent verbs in WSJ made it possible to usefully discriminate documents. For example, our results show that articles in which communication verbs predominate tend to be opinion pieces, whereas articles with a high percentage of agreement verbs tend to be about mergers or legal cases. An evaluation is performed on the results using Kendall's τ. We present convincing evidence for using verb semantic classes as a discriminant in document classification.
Usage of WordNet in Natural Language Generation
Creators: name: Jing, Hongyan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: WordNet has rarely been applied to natural language generation, despite of its wide application in other fields. In this paper, we address three issues in the usage of WordNet in generation: adapting a general lexicon like WordNet to a specific application domain, how the information in WordNet can be used in generation, and augmenting WordNet with other types of knowledge that are helpful for generation. We propose a three step procedure to tailor WordNet to a specific domain, and carried out experiments on a basketball corpus (1,015 game reports, 1.7MB).
The Impact of Pell Grant Eligibility on Community College Students’ Financial Aid Packages, Labor Supply, and Academic Outcomes
Creators: name: Park, Seung Eun
name: Scott-Clayton, Judith E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Student aid
Student financial aid administration
Community college students
Community college students--Economic conditions
Community colleges--Finance
Community colleges
Educational attainment

description: In this paper, we examine the effects of receiving a modest Pell Grant on financial aid packages, labor supply while in school, and academic outcomes for community college students. Using administrative data from one state, we compare community college students just above and below the expected family contribution (EFC) cutoff for receiving a Pell Grant. Between 2008 and 2010, students just below the cutoff qualified for an average of $500 in Pell Grants. We find that other financial aid adjusts in ways that vary by institution: students at schools that offer federal loans borrowed more if they just missed the Pell eligibility threshold, but at other schools, students who just missed the cutoff for Pell were compensated with higher state grants. Focusing on the loan-offering schools where students face a discontinuity in total grant aid, we find suggestive evidence that receiving a modest Pell Grant instead of additional loans leads students to reduce labor supply and increase enrollment intensity. We also provide indirect evidence that students’ initial enrollment choices are influenced by an offer of Pell Grants versus loans.
Development of a plasma panel radiation detector: recent progress and key issues
Creators: name: Silver, Yiftah
name: Ball, Robert
name: Beene, James R.
name: Benhammou, Yan
name: Ben-Moshe, Meny
name: Chapman, J. W.
name: Dai, Tiesheng
name: Etzion, Erez
name: Ferretti, Claudio
name: Guttman, Nir
name: Friedman, Peter S.
name: Levin, Daniel S.
name: Ritt, S.
name: Varner, Robert L.
name: Weaverdyck, Curtis
name: Zhou, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A radiation detector based on plasma display panel technology, which is the principal component of plasma television displays is presented. Plasma Panel Sensor (PPS) technology is a variant of micropattern gas radiation detectors. The PPS is conceived as an array of sealed plasma discharge gas cells which can be used for fast response (O(5ns) per pixel), high spatial resolution detection (pixel pitch can be less than 100 micrometer) of ionizing and minimum ionizing particles. The PPS is assembled from non-reactive, intrinsically radiation-hard materials: glass substrates, metal electrodes and inert gas mixtures. We report on the PPS development program, including simulations and design and the first laboratory studies which demonstrate the usage of plasma display panels in measurements of cosmic ray muons, as well as the expansion of experimental results on the detection of betas from radioactive sources.
description: presented at IEEE NSS 2011 (Barcelona)
Usability evaluation of an experimental text summarization system and three search engines: Implications for the reengineering of health care interfaces
Creators: name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Klavans, Judith L.
name: Kushniruk, Andre W.
name: Jordan, Desmond
name: LaFlamme, Mark
name: Patel, Vimla L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper describes the comparative evaluation of an experimental automated text summarization system, Centrifuser and three conventional search engines - Google, Yahoo and About.com. Centrifuser provides information to patients and families relevant to their questions about specific health conditions. It then produces a multidocument summary of articles retrieved by a standard search engine, tailored to the user's question. Subjects, consisting of friends or family of hospitalized patients, were asked to "think aloud" as they interacted with the four systems. The evaluation involved audio- and video recording of subject interactions with the interfaces in situ at a hospital. Results of the evaluation show that subjects found Centrifuser's summarization capability useful and easy to understand. In comparing Centrifuser to the three search engines, subjects' ratings varied; however, specific interface features were deemed useful across interfaces. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for engineering Web-based retrieval systems.
Verbalization of high-level formal proofs
Creators: name: Holland-Minkley, Amanda M.
name: Barzilay, Regina
name: Constable, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We propose a new approach to text generation from formal proofs that exploits the high-level and interactive features of a tactic-style theorem prover. The design of our system is based on communication conventions identified in a corpus of texts. We show how to use dialogue with the theorem prover to obtain information that is required for communication but is not explicitly used in reasoning.
Information Retrieval Based on Context Distance and Morphology
Creators: name: Jing, Hongyan
name: Tzoukermann, Evelyne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We present an approach to information retrieval based on context distance and morphology. Context distance is a measure we use to assess the closeness of word meanings. This context distance model measures semantic distances between words using the local contexts of words within a single document as well as the lexical co-occurrence information in the set of documents to be retrieved. We also propose to integrate the context distance model with morphological analysis in determining word similarity so that the two can enhance each other. Using the standard vector-space model, we evaluated the proposed method on a subset of TREC-4 corpus (AP88 and AP90 collection, 158,240 documents, 49 queries). Results show that this method improves the 11-point average precision by 8.6%.
Numerical Modeling of Multi-wavelength Spectra of M87 Core Emission
Creators: name: Hilburn, Guy
name: Liang, Edison
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral fits to M87 core data from radio to hard x-ray are generated via a specially selected software suite, comprised of the HARM GRMHD accretion disk model and a 2D Monte Carlo radiation transport code. By determining appropriate parameter changes necessary to fit x-ray quiescent and flaring behavior of M87's core, we assess the reasonableness of various flaring mechanisms. This shows that an accretion disk model of M87's core out to 28 GM/c^2 can describe the inner emissions. High spin rates show GRMHD-driven polar outflow generation, without citing an external jet model. Our results favor accretion rate changes as the dominant mechanism of x-ray flux and index changes, with variations in density of approximately 20% necessary to scale between the average x-ray spectrum and flaring or quiescent spectra. The best fit parameters are black hole spin a/M > 0.8 and maximum accretion flow density n <= 3x10^7 cm^-3, equivalent to horizon accretion rates between m_dot = M_dot/M_dot_Edd ~ 2x10^-6 and 1x10^-5 (with M_dot_Edd defined assuming a radiative efficiency eta = 0.1). These results demonstrate that the immediate surroundings of M87's core are appropriate to explain observed x-ray variability.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Analgesic effects of optogenetic inhibition of basolateral amygdala inputs into the prefrontal cortex in nerve injured female mice
Creators: name: Gadotti, Vinicius M
name: Zhang, Zizhen
name: Huang, Junting
name: Zamponi, Gerald W
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Peripheral nerve injury can lead to remodeling of brain circuits, and this can cause chronification of pain. We have recently reported that male mice subjected to spared injury of the sciatic nerve undergo changes in the function of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that culminate in reduced output of layer 5 pyramidal cells. More recently, we have shown that this is mediated by alterations in synaptic inputs from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) into GABAergic interneurons in the mPFC. Optogenetic inhibition of these inputs reversed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in male mice. It is known that the processing of pain signals can exhibit marked sex differences. We therefore tested whether the dysregulation of BLA to mPFC signaling is equally altered in female mice. Injection of AAV-Arch3.0 constructs into the BLA followed by implantation of a fiberoptic cannula into the mPFC in sham and SNI operated female mice was carried out, and pain behavioral responses were measured in response to yellow light mediated activation of this inhibitory opsin. Our data reveal that Arch3.0 activation leads to a marked increase in paw withdrawal thresholds and latencies in response to mechanical and thermal stimuli, respectively. However, we did not observe nerve injury-induced changes in mPFC layer 5 pyramidal cell output in female mice. Hence, the observed light-induced analgesic effects may be due to compensation for dysregulated neuronal circuits downstream of the mPFC.
What constitutes a simple liquid?
Creators: name: Ingebrigtsen, Trond S.
name: Schrøder, Thomas B.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple liquids are traditionally defined as many-body systems of classical particles interacting via radially symmetric pair potentials. We suggest that a simple liquid should be defined instead by the property of having strong correlation between virial and potential energy equilibrium fluctuations in the NVT ensemble. There is considerable overlap between the two definitions, but also some notable differences. For instance, in the new definition simplicity is not a property of the intermolecular potential only because a liquid is usually only strongly correlating in part of its phase diagram. Moreover, according to the new definition not all simple liquids are atomic (i.e., with radially symmetric pair potentials) and not all atomic liquids are simple. The main part of the paper motivates the new definition of liquid simplicity by presenting evidence that a liquid is strongly correlating if and only if its intermolecular interactions may be ignored beyond the first coordination shell (FCS). This is demonstrated by NVT simulations of structure and dynamics of 15 atomic and molecular model liquids with a shifted-forces cutoff placed at the first minimum of the radial distribution function. No proof is given that the chemical characterization follows from the strong correlation property, but it is shown to be consistent with the existence of isomorphs in strongly correlating liquids' phase diagram. Finally, we note that the FCS characterization of simple liquids calls into question the basis for standard perturbation theory, according to which the repulsive and attractive forces play fundamentally different roles for the physics of liquids.
Macroscopic quantum tunneling in quartic and sextic potentials: application to a phase qubit
Creators: name: Didier, Nicolas
name: Hekking, Frank W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macroscopic quantum tunneling of the phase is a fundamental phenomenon in the quantum dynamics of superconducting nanocircuits. The tunneling rate can be controlled in such circuits, where the potential landscape for the phase can be tuned with different external bias parameters. Precise theoretical knowledge of the macroscopic quantum tunneling rate is required in order to simulate and understand the experiments. We present a derivation, based on the instanton technique, of an analytical expression of the escape rate in general quartic and symmetric sextic potentials comprising two escape paths. These new potentials were recently realized when creating a noise-insensitive phase qubit in the camel-back potential of a dc SQUID.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Comparing American and Palestinian Perceptions of Charisma Using
Acoustic-Prosodic and Lexical Analysis
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Biadsy, Fadi
name: Rosenberg, Andrew
name: Dakka, Wisam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Communication
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Charisma, the ability to lead by virtue of personality alone, is difﬁcult to deﬁne but relatively easy to identify. However, cultural factors clearly affect perceptions of charisma. In this paper we compare results from parallel perception studies investigating charismatic speech in Palestinian Arabic and American English. We examine acoustic/prosodic and lexical correlates of charisma ratings to determine how the two cultures differ with respect to their views of charismatic speech.