cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Understanding_the_Boundless_Potential_of_Infinite_Numbers_in_Mathematics (9).pdf
Creators: name: U ZAMAN, BUDEE
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490401
subject: Algebra and number theory

description: In this article, we discuss the concept of infinity (∞), infinitesimals □, and a new mathematical operation that expands calculations into therealm of the infinite. This breakthrough allows for the computation ofinfinite numbers, leading to new possibilities for mathematical researchand practical applications. By introducing infinite numbers, numerousadvantages arise, such as accurately representing limits, divergences inintegrals and infinite series, and extending calculations to infinity. Thismathematical advancement opens doors to exploring uncharted territories,offering valuable insights and breakthroughs
A Comparison of Two Dental Age Estimation Techniques in Contemporary American Whites: The Moorrees and Demirjian Approaches
Creators: name: Skanchy, Tony L.
name: Maness H
name: A, Al Dayeh
name: EF, Harris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Objective: Historically, dental age estimation has used the methods of Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt1 and Demirjian, Goldstein and Tanner5 . The purpose of this study is to apply these two methodologies to a contemporary sample of American whites, ages 9-14 years, and to evaluate the optimal concordance between the Moorrees (14-grade system) and the Demirjian (8-grade system) methods. Materials and Methods: 199 pre-treatment panoramic radiographs of syndrome-free American white children, ages 9-14 years (97 boys, 102 girls), were evaluated by the author. Tooth mineralization stages were scored using seven left mandibular teeth using both techniques. The age of the subjects was predicted using the Demirjian and Moorrees approaches and compared to their actual (chronological) age. Survival analyses was performed, by sex, to include a comparison of the same sample of radiographs using the two methods of Moorrees et al. and Demirjian et al. Results: Both methods, particularly the Moorrees approach, underestimated children’s ages. Applying the Demirjian method resulted in a mean overestimation of 0.1 years for girls and a mean underestimation of 1.6 years for boys, while the Moorrees technique resulted in an average underestimation of 2.3 years for girls and 1.9 years for boys. Conclusion: Neither the Demirjian nor the Moorrees techniques accurately estimate chronological age in our sample of contemporary American whites. The reason these methods underestimated chronological age is most likely multifactorial, due to differences in methods and environments
Sensitivity of third-generation interferometers to extra polarizations in the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
Creators: name: Amalberti, Loris
name: Bartolo, Nicola
name: Ricciardone, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When modified theories of gravity are considered, at most six gravitational wave polarization modes are allowed and classified in tensor modes, the only ones predicted by General Relativity (GR), along with additional vector and scalar modes. Therefore, gravitational waves represent a powerful tool to test alternative theories of gravitation. In this paper, we forecast the sensitivity of third-generation ground-based interferometers, Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, to non-GR polarization modes focusing on the stochastic gravitational wave background. We consider the latest technical specifications of the two independent detectors and the full network in order to estimate both the optimal signal-to-noise ratio and the detectable energy density limits relative to all polarization modes in the stochastic background for several locations on Earth and orientations of the two observatories. By considering optimal detector configurations, we find that in 5 years of observation the detection limit for tensor and extra polarization modes could reach $h_0^2Ω^{T,V,S}_{GW} \approx 10^{-12}-10^{-11}$, depending on the network configuration and the stochastic background (i.e., if only one among vector and scalar modes exists or both are present). This means that the network sensitivity to different polarization modes can be approximately improved by a factor $10^3$ with respect to second-generation interferometers. We finally discuss the possibility of breaking the scalar modes degeneracy by considering both detectors angular responses to sufficiently high gravitational wave frequencies.
description: 38 pages, 25 figures; typos corrected, references added, revised the manuscript in order to make it shorter and highlight original results
A Comparison of Two Dental Age Estimation Techniques in Contemporary American Whites: The Moorrees and Demirjian Approaches Research Article 1*, 2 , 3 , 4
Creators: name: Skanchy, Tony L.
name: Maness H
name: A, Al Dayeh
name: EF, Harris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170104 Forensic Psychology
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Objective: Historically, dental age estimation has used the methods of Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt1 and Demirjian, Goldstein and Tanner5 . The purpose of this study is to apply these two methodologies to a contemporary sample of American whites, ages 9-14 years, and to evaluate the optimal concordance between the Moorrees (14-grade system) and the Demirjian (8-grade system) methods. Materials and Methods: 199 pre-treatment panoramic radiographs of syndrome-free American white children, ages 9-14 years (97 boys, 102 girls), were evaluated by the author. Tooth mineralization stages were scored using seven left mandibular teeth using both techniques. The age of the subjects was predicted using the Demirjian and Moorrees approaches and compared to their actual (chronological) age. Survival analyses was performed, by sex, to include a comparison of the same sample of radiographs using the two methods of Moorrees et al. and Demirjian et al. Results: Both methods, particularly the Moorrees approach, underestimated children’s ages. Applying the Demirjian method resulted in a mean overestimation of 0.1 years for girls and a mean underestimation of 1.6 years for boys, while the Moorrees technique resulted in an average underestimation of 2.3 years for girls and 1.9 years for boys. Conclusion: Neither the Demirjian nor the Moorrees techniques accurately estimate chronological age in our sample of contemporary American whites. The reason these methods underestimated chronological age is most likely multifactorial, due to differences in methods and environments
Periodic orbits in nonlinear wave equations on networks
Creators: name: Caputo, Jean-Guy
name: Khames, Imene
name: Knippel, Arnaud
name: Panayotaros, Panayotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a cubic nonlinear wave equation on a network and show that inspecting the normal modes of the graph, we can immediately identify which ones extend into nonlinear periodic orbits. Two main classes of nonlinear periodic orbits exist: modes without soft nodes and others. For the former which are the Goldstone and the bivalent modes, the linearized equations decouple. A Floquet analysis was conducted systematically for chains; it indicates that the Goldstone mode is usually stable and the bivalent mode is always unstable. The linearized equations for the second type of modes are coupled, they indicate which modes will be excited when the orbit destabilizes. Numerical results for the second class show that modes with a single eigenvalue are unstable below a treshold amplitude. Conversely, modes with multiple eigenvalues seem always unstable. This study could be applied to coupled mechanical systems.
A New Class of Optimal Designs in the Presence of a Quantitative Covariate
Creators: name: Sinha, Bikas K.
name: Rao, P.S.S.N.V. P.
name: Mathew, Thomas
name: Rao, S. B.
Publisher: name: Univ. of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Year: 2015
Subjects: Treatment allocation experiments
models with covariates
optimal placement of covariate values
optimal allocations

description: We propose to discuss at length the problem of placement of one controllable covariate in the context of an experiment involving several ‘treatments’. We do this while extracting maximum information on the unknown parameter attached to the covariate’s values in the mean model for the observations. The experimental set-up is a bit different, and this calls for an interesting non-trivial study on optimality in the context of a single-covariate linear regression model.
Optical Thickness, Spin Temperature, and Correction Factor for Density of the Galactic HI Gas
Creators: name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method to determine the spin temperature of the local (Vlsr=0 km/s) HI gas using saturated brightness temperature of the 21-cm line in the radial-velocity degenerate regions (VDR) is presented. The spin temperatures is determined to be Ts= 146.2 +/- 16.1 K by measuring saturated brightness in the VDR toward the Galactic Center, 146.8 +/- 10.7 K by chi^2 fitting of expected brightness distribution to observation around the VDR, and 144.4 +/- 6.8 K toward the local arm. Assuming Ts=146 K, a correction factor Gamma for the HI density, defined by the ratio of the true HI density for finite optical thickness to that calculated by assuming optically thin HI, was obtained to be Gamma~1.2 (optical depth tau~0.3) in the local HI gas, ~1.8 (~1.3) toward the arm and anti-center, and as high as ~3.6 (~2.7) in the Galactic Center direction. It is suggested that the HI density and mass in the local arm could be ~2 times, and that in the inner Galaxy ~3.6 times, greater than the currently estimated values.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, accepted for MNRAS
Topological frequency shift of quantum oscillation in CaFeAsF
Creators: name: Terashima, Taichi
name: Uji, Shinya
name: Wang, Teng
name: Mu, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Guo, Alexandradinata, \textit{et al.} have recently proposed that quantum-oscillation frequencies from Dirac/Weyl fermions exhibit a negative shift proportional to $T^2$ because of the energy dependence of the effective mass peculiar to a linear band-dispersion. We have measured Shubnikov--de Haas oscillation in CaFeAsF up to $T$ = 9 K. The frequency of the $α$ Dirac electron exhibits a negative shift with increasing $T$, while that of the $β$ Schrödinger hole does not. For $T \geqslant 5$ K where $β$ is negligible, the $α$-frequency shift is proportional to $T^2$ and its rate agrees with the theoretical prediction within experimental accuracy. At lower temperatures, the shifts of $α$ and $β$ deviate from theoretical expectations, which we ascribe to the inaccuracy in the frequency determination due to unfavorable interference between frequencies. Our results confirm that the topological frequency shift can be utilized to identify Dirac/Weyl fermions when quantum-oscillation frequencies can be determined accurately.
description: Minor revision after publication, ref. 16 updated (found already published), 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
A temperate rocky super-Earth transiting a nearby cool star
Creators: name: Dittmann, Jason A.
name: Irwin, Jonathan M.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Bonfils, Xavier
name: Astudillo-Defru, Nicola
name: Haywood, Raphaëlle D.
name: Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.
name: Newton, Elisabeth R.
name: Rodriguez, Joseph E.
name: Winters, Jennifer G.
name: Tan, Thiam-Guan
name: Almenara, Jose-Manuel
name: Bouchy, François
name: Delfosse, Xavier
name: Forveille, Thierry
name: Lovis, Christophe
name: Murgas, Felipe
name: Pepe, Francesco
name: Santos, Nuno C.
name: Udry, Stephane
name: Wünsche, Anaël
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Dressing, Courtney D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M dwarf stars, which have masses less than 60 per cent that of the Sun, make up 75 per cent of the population of the stars in the Galaxy [1]. The atmospheres of orbiting Earth-sized planets are observationally accessible via transmission spectroscopy when the planets pass in front of these stars [2,3]. Statistical results suggest that the nearest transiting Earth-sized planet in the liquid-water, habitable zone of an M dwarf star is probably around 10.5 parsecs away [4]. A temperate planet has been discovered orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest M dwarf [5], but it probably does not transit and its true mass is unknown. Seven Earth-sized planets transit the very low-mass star TRAPPIST-1, which is 12 parsecs away [6,7], but their masses and, particularly, their densities are poorly constrained. Here we report observations of LHS 1140b, a planet with a radius of 1.4 Earth radii transiting a small, cool star (LHS 1140) 12 parsecs away. We measure the mass of the planet to be 6.6 times that of Earth, consistent with a rocky bulk composition. LHS 1140b receives an insolation of 0.46 times that of Earth, placing it within the liquid-water, habitable zone [8]. With 90 per cent confidence, we place an upper limit on the orbital eccentricity of 0.29. The circular orbit is unlikely to be the result of tides and therefore was probably present at formation. Given its large surface gravity and cool insolation, the planet may have retained its atmosphere despite the greater luminosity (compared to the present-day) of its host star in its youth [9,10]. Because LHS 1140 is nearby, telescopes currently under construction might be able to search for specific atmospheric gases in the future [2,3].
description: 25 Pages, 2 Figures, 1 Table, 8 Extended Data Figures, Published in Nature on April 20, 2017
Additional file 1 of Urbanicity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, and behavioral and emotional problems in children: a path analysis
Creators: name: B. Evans
name: J. Ende
name: K. Greaves-Lord
name: A. Huizink
name: R. Beijers
name: C. Weerth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. JOiN and BIBO psychosocial stress procedures.
Weak Separation, Pure Domains and Cluster Distance
Creators: name: Farber, Miriam
name: Galashin, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E99 (primary), 13F60 (secondary)

description: Following the proof of the purity conjecture for weakly separated collections, recent years have revealed a variety of wider examples of purity in different settings. In this paper we consider the collection $\mathcal A_{I,J}$ of sets that are weakly separated from two fixed sets $I$ and $J$. We show that all maximal by inclusion weakly separated collections $\mathcal W\subset\mathcal A_{I,J}$ are also maximal by size, provided that $I$ and $J$ are sufficiently "generic". We also give a simple formula for the cardinality of $\mathcal W$ in terms of $I$ and $J$. We apply our result to calculate the cluster distance and to give lower bounds on the mutation distance between cluster variables in the cluster algebra structure on the coordinate ring of the Grassmannian. Using a linear projection that relates weak separation to the octahedron recurrence, we also find the exact mutation distances and cluster distances for a family of cluster variables.
description: 44 pages, 11 figures
MPEC 2024-F68 : 2024 FE2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 FE2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Machinery Rings in UK Agriculture: An Example of Opportunistic Cooperation
Creators: name: Craig, Steven
name: Sumberg, James
name: Craig, Steven
name: Sumberg, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Machinery rings are cooperative organizations through which farmers share agricultural machinery. Over the last three decades in Europe there has been significant growth in the number of machinery rings, and today they play a critical role in certain countries. In this paper we examine the development of machinery rings in Europe and the subsequent transfer of the idea to the UK. Our starting point is the poorly developed tradition of agricultural cooperation in the UK. What becomes clear is that the growth of machinery rings in the UK over the last decade has apparently not been constrained by this lack of cooperative tradition. It is also evident that farmers join machinery rings for economic reasons such as increasing access to and reducing the cost of agricultural machinery: the social and political agendas often associated with the cooperative movement play little if any part in the decision to join a ring. This example shows the opportunistic use of a cooperative structure to fulfiII a need arising in a competitive and individualistic commercial context.
Service Virtualisation of Internet-of-Things Devices: Techniques and Challenges
Creators: name: Farahmandpour, Zeinab
name: Versteeg, Steve
name: Kameswaran, Anand
name: Han, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.2; C.2.4; K.6.3

description: Service virtualization is an approach that uses virtualized environments to automatically test enterprise services in production-like conditions. Many techniques have been proposed to provide such a realistic environment for enterprise services. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is an emerging field which connects a diverse set of devices over different transport layers, using a variety of protocols. Provisioning a virtual testbed of IoT devices can accelerate IoT application development by enabling automated testing without requiring a continuous connection to the physical devices. One solution is to expand existing enterprise service virtualization to IoT environments. There are various structural differences between the two environments that should be considered to implement appropriate service virtualization for IoT. This paper examines the structural differences between various IoT protocols and enterprise protocols and identifies key technical challenges that need to be addressed to implement service virtualization in IoT environments.
description: 4 pages
The action principle and the supersymmetrisation of Chern-Simons terms in eleven-dimensional supergravity
Creators: name: Souères, Bertrand
name: Tsimpis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop computational tools for calculating supersymmetric higher-order derivative corrections to eleven-dimensional supergravity using the action principle approach. We show that, provided the superspace Bianchi identities admit a perturbative solution in the derivative expansion, there are at least two independent superinvariants at the eight-derivative order of eleven-dimensional supergravity. Assuming the twelve-superforms associated to certain anomalous Chern-Simons terms are Weil-trivial, there will be a third independent superinvariant at this order. Under certain conditions, at least two superinvariants will survive to all orders in the derivative expansion. However only one of them will be present in the quantum theory: the supersymmetrization of the Chern-Simons terms of eleven dimensional supergravity required for the cancellation of the M5-brane gravitational anomaly by inflow. This superinvariant can be shown to be unique at the eight-derivative order, assuming it is quartic in the fields. On the other hand, a necessary condition for the superinvariant to be quartic is the exactness, in tau-cohomology, of X0,8 -the purely spinorial component of the eight-superform related by descent to the M5-brane anomaly polynomial. In that case it can also be shown that the solution of the Weil-triviality condition of the corresponding twelve-form, which is a prerequisite for the explicit construction of the superinvariant, is guaranteed to exist. We prove that certain highly non-trivial necessary conditions for the tau-exactness of X0,8 are satisfied. Moreover any potential superinvariant associated to anomalous Chern-Simons terms at the eight-derivative order must necessarily contain terms cubic or lower in the fields.
description: 45 pages ; v2: added references
Rectification and One-Way Street for the Energy Current in Boundary-Driven Asymmetric Quantum Spin Chains
Creators: name: Pereira, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by the demand of efficient quantum devices to engineer the energy transport, we analyze some inhomogeneous quantum spin systems, including the XXZ chains, with magnetization baths at the ends. Aimed at finding general properties, we study the effects of suitable transformations on the boundary-driven Lindblad master equation associated to the dynamics of the systems. For asymmetric models with target polarization at the edges or twisted XY boundary gradients, we show properties of the steady state which establish features of the energy current, irrespective of the system size and of the regime of transport. We show the ubiquitous occurrence of energy rectification and, more interestingly, of an unusual phenomenon: in the absence of external magnetic field, there is an one-way street for the energy current, i.e., the direction of the energy current does not change as we invert the magnetization baths at the boundaries. Given the extensiveness of the procedures, which essentially involve properties of the Lindblad master equation, our results certainly follow for other interactions and other boundary conditions. Moreover, our results indicate graded spin chains as genuine quantum rectifiers.
description: 5 pages
Additional file 4 of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 stimulates the differentiation of rat stem and progenitor Leydig cells during regeneration
Creators: name: Zhan, Xiangcheng
name: Zhang, Jingwei
name: Li, Saiyang
name: Zhang, Xiaolu
name: Li, Linchao
name: Song, Tiantian
name: Liu, Qunlong
name: Lu, Jun
name: Xu, Yunfei
name: Ge, Ren-Shan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Table S2. Antibodies
Additional file 5 of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 stimulates the differentiation of rat stem and progenitor Leydig cells during regeneration
Creators: name: Zhan, Xiangcheng
name: Zhang, Jingwei
name: Li, Saiyang
name: Zhang, Xiaolu
name: Li, Linchao
name: Song, Tiantian
name: Liu, Qunlong
name: Lu, Jun
name: Xu, Yunfei
name: Ge, Ren-Shan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5.
A new generalized Wick theorem in conformal field theory
Creators: name: Takagi, Taichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new generalized Wick theorem for interacting fields in 2D conformal field theory is described. We briefly discuss its relation to the Borcherds identity and its derivation by an analytic method. Examples of the calculations of the operator product expansions by using the generalized Wick theorems including fermionic fields are also presented.
description: 12 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the International Workshop "CQIS-2016" (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth
Creators: name: Dong, Ruobing
name: Li, Shengtai
name: Chiang, Eugene
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the observational signatures of super-Earths (i.e., Earth-to-Neptune mass planets) in their natal disks of gas and dust. Combining two-fluid global hydrodynamics simulations with a radiative transfer code, we calculate the distributions of gas and of sub-mm-sized dust in a disk perturbed by a super-Earth, synthesizing images in near-infrared scattered light and the mm-wave thermal continuum for direct comparison with observations. In low viscosity gas ($α\lesssim10^{-4}$), a super-Earth opens two annular gaps to either side of its orbit by the action of Lindblad torques. This double gap and its associated gas pressure gradients cause dust particles to be dragged by gas into three rings: one ring sandwiched between the two gaps, and two rings located at the gap edges farthest from the planet. Depending on system parameters, additional rings may manifest for a single planet. A double gap located at tens of AUs from a host star in Taurus can be detected in the dust continuum by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) at an angular resolution of ~0".03 after two hours of integration. Ring and gap features persist in a variety of background disk profiles, last for thousands of orbits, and change their relative positions and dimensions depending on the speed and direction of planet migration. Candidate double gaps have been observed by ALMA in systems like HL Tau (D5 and D6) and TW Hya (at 37 and 43 AU); we submit that each double gap is carved by one super-Earth in nearly inviscid gas.
description: 23 pages, 1 table, 14 figures, ApJ accepted
Fluorine in the Solar neighborhood: No evidence for the neutrino process
Creators: name: Jönsson, H.
name: Ryde, N.
name: Spitoni, E.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Cunha, K.
name: Smith, V.
name: Hinkle, K.
name: Schultheis, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotic Giant Branch stars are known to produce `cosmic' fluorine but it is uncertain whether these stars are the main producers of fluorine in the Solar neighborhood or if any of the other proposed formation sites, type II supernovae and/or Wolf-Rayet stars, are more important. Recent articles have proposed both Asymptotic Giant Branch stars as well as type II supernovae as the dominant sources of fluorine in the Solar neighborhood. In this paper we set out to determine the fluorine abundance in a sample of 49 nearby, bright K-giants for which we previously have determined the stellar parameters as well as alpha abundances homogeneously from optical high-resolution spectra. The fluorine abundance is determined from a 2.3 $μ$m HF molecular line observed with the spectrometer Phoenix. We compare the fluorine abundances with those of alpha elements mainly produced in type II supernovae and find that fluorine and the alpha-elements do not evolve in lock-step, ruling out type II supernovae as the dominating producers of fluorine in the Solar neighborhood. Furthermore, we find a secondary behavior of fluorine with respect to oxygen, which is another evidence against the type II supernovae playing a large role in the production of fluorine in the Solar neighborhood. This secondary behavior of fluorine will put new constraints on stellar models of the other two suggested production sites: Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and Wolf-Rayet stars.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 2 of Urbanicity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, and behavioral and emotional problems in children: a path analysis
Creators: name: B. Evans
name: J. Ende
name: K. Greaves-Lord
name: A. Huizink
name: R. Beijers
name: C. Weerth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Manipulation check statistics from repeated measures analyses of variance testing whether the psychosocial stress procedures induced physiological and perceived stress.
Synthesis of Murunskite Single Crystals: A Bridge Between Cuprates and Pnictides
Creators: name: Tolj, Davor
name: Ivšić, Trpimir
name: Živković, Ivica
name: Semeniuk, Konstantin
name: Martino, Edoardo
name: Akrap, Ana
name: Reddy, Priyanka
name: Klebel-Knobloch, Benjamin
name: Lončarić, Ivor
name: Forró, László
name: Barišić, Neven
name: Rønnow, Henrik
name: Sunko, Denis K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous contemporary investigations in condensed matter physics are devoted to high temperature (high-$T_c$ ) cuprate superconductors. Despite its unique effulgence among research subjects, the enigma of the high-$T_c$ mechanism still persists. One way to advance its understanding is to discover and study new analogous systems. Here we begin a novel exploration of the natural mineral murunskite, K$_2$FeCu$_3$S$_4$, as an interpolation compound between cuprates and ferropnictides, the only known high-$T_c$ superconductors at ambient pressure. Because in-depth studies can be carried out only on single crystals, we have mastered the synthesis and growth of high quality specimens. Similar to the cuprate parent compounds, these show semiconducting behavior in resistivity and optical transmittance, and an antiferromagnetic ordering at 100 K. Spectroscopy (XPS) and calculations (DFT) concur that the sulfur 3$p$ orbitals are partially open, making them accessible for charge manipulation, which is a prerequisite for superconductivity in analogous layered structures. DFT indicates that the valence band is more cuprate-like, while the conduction band is more pnictide-like. With appropriate doping strategies, this parent compound promises exciting future developments.
New allotropes of phosphorene with remarkable stability and intrinsic piezoelectricity
Creators: name: Li, Zhenqing
name: He, Chaoyu
name: Ouyang, Tao
name: Zhang, Chunxiao
name: Tang, Cao
name: Romer, Rudolf A.
name: Zhong, Jianxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we show that a new class of two-dimensional phosphorus allotropes can be constructed via assembling the previously proposed ultrathin metastable phosphorus nanotube into planar structures in different stacking orientations. Based on first-principles method, the structures, stabilities and fundamental electronic properties of these new two-dimensional phosphorus allotropes are systematically investigated. These two-dimensional phosphorus allotropes possess remarkable stabilities due to the strong inter-tube van der Waals interactions, which cause an energy release of about 30-70 meV/atom depending on their stacking manners. Our results show that most of these two-dimensional van der Waals phosphorene allotropes are energetically more favorable than the experimentally viable black alpha-P and blue beta-P. Three of them showing relatively higher probability to be synthesized in future are further confirmed to be dynamically stable semiconductors with strain-tunable band gaps and remarkable piezoelectricity, which may have potential applications in nano-sized sensors, piezotronics, and energy harvesting in portable electronic nano-devices.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Engaging schools and local communities through Raspberry Shake seismometers: a citizen science approach around the geothermal research infrastructure DeepStor in Karlsruhe, Germany
Creators: name: Azzola, Jerome
name: Bremer, Judith
name: Gaucher, Emmanuel
name: Schätzler, Katharina
name: Bauer, Florian
name: Kohl, Thomas
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023

description: While there is a general consensus on the importance of the energy transition, geothermal energy projects have faced challenges in recent years linked to unfavorable societal perception. The concerns often center around the perceived environmental risks, specifically focusing on potential impacts on groundwater and the likelihood of induced seismicity and subsequent damage to buildings. The controversy may arise due to insufficient information and ineffective communication strategies between project developers and local communities.
This context applies to the region of Karlsruhe (Germany), where the DeepStor research infrastructure wants to explore the feasibility of High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES). The infrastructure, which is planned at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Campus, holds potential in meeting climate protection goals.
We present a participatory approach developed in the frame of the DeepStor project and that aims at addressing these societal challenges. The strategy is based on dialogue and transparency. It promotes collaboration between researchers and individuals from surrounding communities to engaging the citizens and foster an active involvement during infrastructure developments. A significant focus involves deploying Raspberry Shake seismometers, known for their ease-of-use and affordability, across various settings, including educational institutions, KIT research labs, and private residences. The approach seeks to increase public understanding of science and foster scientific literacy among non-specialists by allowing a direct interaction between citizens and scientists through cutting-edge technologies. In parrallel, the sensor deployment aims at increasing the density of seismic stations and enhance the spatial coverage of data collection. The experiences and lessons learned from this project provide valuable insights into participatory approaches for research infrastructures and industry projects.
An Improved Fountain Theorem and its Application
Creators: name: Gu, Long-Jiang
name: Zhou, Huan-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J20, 35J60, 35Q55, 58E05

description: The main aim of the paper is to prove a fountain theorem without assuming the $τ$-upper semicontinuity condition on the variational functional. Using this improved fountain theorem, we may deal with more general strongly indefinite elliptic problems with various sign-changing nonlinear terms. As an application, we obtain infinitely many solutions for a semilinear Schrödinger equation with strongly indefinite structure and sign-changing nonlinearity.
description: 17 pages in Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 2016
Supplementary materials to journal article 'An analysis of the legal framework influencing walking in Australia' Public Health Res Pract. 2022.
Creators: name: Nau
name: Bauman, Adrian
name: Bellew, Bill
name: Giles-Corti, Billie
name: Smith, Ben
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 120504 Land Use and Environmental Planning
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: 120508 Urban Design
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary materials to Nau T, Bauman A, Bellew W, Giles-Corti B, Smith B. An analysis of the legal framework influencing walking in Australia. Public Health Res Pract. 2022; Online early publication. https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp32122205
Consists of:Supplementary Box 1. Key definitions of law-related and governance terms in AustraliaSupplementary Figure 1. Design considerations for walkable built environments which could be regulatedSupplementary Table 1. Examples of how walkability considerations are addressed by different approaches in state and territory instrumentsSupplementary Table 2. Example comparison of how two different jurisdictions address footpath (sidewalk, pavement) provisionSupplementary Table 3. Planning laws or instruments that are under review or being planned
Encoder-Decoder Based Attractors for End-to-End Neural Diarization
Creators: name: Horiguchi, Shota
name: Fujita, Yusuke
name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Xue, Yawen
name: Garcia, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates an end-to-end neural diarization (EEND) method for an unknown number of speakers. In contrast to the conventional cascaded approach to speaker diarization, EEND methods are better in terms of speaker overlap handling. However, EEND still has a disadvantage in that it cannot deal with a flexible number of speakers. To remedy this problem, we introduce encoder-decoder-based attractor calculation module (EDA) to EEND. Once frame-wise embeddings are obtained, EDA sequentially generates speaker-wise attractors on the basis of a sequence-to-sequence method using an LSTM encoder-decoder. The attractor generation continues until a stopping condition is satisfied; thus, the number of attractors can be flexible. Diarization results are then estimated as dot products of the attractors and embeddings. The embeddings from speaker overlaps result in larger dot product values with multiple attractors; thus, this method can deal with speaker overlaps. Because the maximum number of output speakers is still limited by the training set, we also propose an iterative inference method to remove this restriction. Further, we propose a method that aligns the estimated diarization results with the results of an external speech activity detector, which enables fair comparison against cascaded approaches. Extensive evaluations on simulated and real datasets show that EEND-EDA outperforms the conventional cascaded approach.
description: Accepted to IEEE/ACM TASLP. This article is based on our previous conference paper arxiv:2005.09921
A large moment antiferromagnetic order in overdoped high-Tc superconductor 154SmFeAsO1-xDx
Creators: name: Iimura, Soshi
name: Okanishi, Hiroshi
name: Matsuishi, Satoru
name: Hiraka, Haruhiro
name: Honda, Takashi
name: Ikeda, Kazutaka
name: Hansen, Thomas C.
name: Otomo, Toshiya
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In iron-based superconductors, high critical temperature (Tc) superconductivity over 50 K has only been accomplished in electron-doped hREFeAsO (hRE = heavy rare earth (RE) element). While hREFeAsO has the highest bulk Tc (58 K), progress in understanding its physical properties has been relatively slow due to difficulties in achieving high concentration electron-doping and carrying out neutron-experiments. Here, we present a systematic neutron powder diffraction (NPD) study of 154SmFeAsO1-xDx, and the discovery of a new long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with x >= 0.56 (AFM2) accompanying a structural transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic. Surprisingly, the Fe magnetic moment in AFM2 reaches a magnitude of 2.73 muB/Fe, which is the largest in all non-doped iron pnictides and chalcogenides. Theoretical calculations suggest that the AFM2 phase originates in kinetic frustration of the Fe-3dxy orbital, in which the nearest neighbor hopping parameter becomes zero. The unique phase diagram, i. e., highest-Tc superconducting phase is adjacent to the strongly correlated phase in electron-overdoped regime, yields important clues to the unconventional origins of superconductivity.
description: 46 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, including supplemental information
Graph space: using both geometric and probabilistic structure to evaluate statistical graph models
Creators: name: Duvivier, Louis
name: Cazabet, Rémy
name: Robardet, Céline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Statistical graph models aim at modeling graphs as random realization among a set of possible graphs. One issue is to evaluate whether or not a graph is likely to have been generated by one particular model. In this paper we introduce the edit distance expected value (EDEV) and compare it with other methods such as entropy and distance to the barycenter. We show that contrary to them, EDEV is able to distinguish between graphs that have a typical structure with respect to a model, and those that do not. Finally we introduce a statistical hypothesis testing methodology based on this distance to evaluate the relevance of a candidate model with respect to an observed graph.
Additional file 3 of Urbanicity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, and behavioral and emotional problems in children: a path analysis
Creators: name: B. Evans
name: J. Ende
name: K. Greaves-Lord
name: A. Huizink
name: R. Beijers
name: C. Weerth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Histogram depicting the distribution of the urbanicity measure in the JOiN and BIBO samples.
Precision of Evaluation Methods in White Light Interferometry: Correlogram Correlation Method
Creators: name: Kiselev, Ilia
name: Kiselev, Egor
name: Drexel, Michael
name: Hauptmannl, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.4.7; I.5.4; D.4.8
subject: 60H30

description: In this paper we promote a method for the evaluation of a surface topography which we call the correlogram correlation method. Employing a theoretical analysis as well as numerical simulations the method is proven to be the most accurate among available evaluation algorithms in the common case of uncorrelated noise. Examples illustrate the superiority of the correlogram correlation method over the common envelope and phase methods.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Dusty Gas Accretion onto Massive Black Holes and Infrared Diagnosis of the Eddington Ratio
Creators: name: Yajima, Hidenobu
name: Ricotti, Massimo
name: Park, KwangHo
name: Sugimura, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for dust around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the early Universe is strongly suggested by recent observations. However, the accretion mechanism of SMBHs in dusty gas is not well understood yet. We investigate the growth of intermediate-mass black-holes (IMBHs) of $\sim 10^{5}~M_{\odot}$ in dusty clouds by using one-dimensional radiative-hydrodynamics simulations. We find that the accretion of dusty gas onto IMBHs proceeds gently with small fluctuations of the accretion rate, whereas that of pristine gas causes more violent periodic bursts. At dust-to-gas mass ratios similar to the solar neighborhood, the time averaged luminosity becomes smaller than that for primordial gas by one order of magnitude and the time-averaged Eddington ratio ranges from $\sim 10^{-4}$ to $\sim 10^{-2}$ in clouds with initial gas densities of $n_{\rm H} = 10 - 1000~\rm cm^{-3}$. Our calculations show that the effect of dust opacity alone is secondary compared to the radiation pressure on dust in regulating the BH growth. We also derive spectral energy distributions at IR bands by calculating dust thermal emission and show that the flux ratio between $λ\lesssim 20~\rm μm$ and $\gtrsim 100~\rm μm$ is closely related to the Eddington ratio. Thermal emission from hot dust near the BH dominates only during the high accretion phase, producing higher flux density at $\lesssim 20~\rm μm$. Therefore, we suggest that the combinations of MIR observations by JWST and FIR observation by ALMA or Spitzer can be used to estimate the Eddington ratio of massive BHs.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ
On the $16$-rank of class groups of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-2p})$ for primes $p \equiv 1 \bmod 4$
Creators: name: Koymans, Peter
name: Milovic, Djordjo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use Vinogradov's method to prove equidistribution of a spin symbol governing the $16$-rank of class groups of quadratic number fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-2p})$, where $p \equiv 1 \bmod 4$ is a prime.
description: 16 pages
Control of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle with Uncertain Displacement and Drag
Creators: name: Klinger, Wilhelm B.
name: Bertaska, Ivan R.
name: von Ellenrieder, Karl D.
name: Dhanak, Manhar R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Experimental testing of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) has been performed to evaluate the performance of two low-level controllers when displacement and drag properties are time-varying and uncertain. The USV is a 4.3 meter long, 150 kilogram wave adaptive modular vessel (WAM-V) with an inflatable twin hull configuration and waterjet propulsion. Open loop maneuvering tests were conducted to characterize the dynamics of the vehicle. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the vehicle were determined through system identification of the maneuvering data and were used for simulations during control system development. The resulting controllers were experimentally field tested on-water. Variable mass and drag tests show that the vehicle is best controlled by a model reference adaptive backstepping speed and heading controller. The backstepping controller developed by Liao et. al (2010) is modified to account for an overprediction of necessary control action and motor saturation. It is shown that when an adaptive algorithm is implemented for the surge control subsystem of the modified backstepping controller, the effects of variable mass and drag are mitigated.