cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Beyond Humanity: Leveraging Pre-trained Human Video Classification Models for Data-Efficient Multi-speciesWildlife Animal Action Recognition
Creators: name: Zhao, Wenxin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This paper presents a transfer learning approach for data-efficient video-based multi-species wildlife animal action recognition, using pre-trained models on human action datasets. It bridges the gap between the well-studied human-focused video classification and under-investigated animal action recognition, largely limited by insufficient structured, annotated data across animal species. By leveraging the SlowFast framework, a state-of-the-art architecture for video classification, and conducting on a small sample of the Animal Kingdom dataset, a benchmark on animal action recognition, the paper reveals a notable improvement in the mean Average Precision (mAP) score, with much fewer training data, when fine-tuned on a model pre-trained with Kinetics-400 as compared to training from scratch or utilizing image-based model pre-trained on ImageNet. This research demonstrated the promising nature of cross-domain transfer learning for video classification and has substantial inspiration for advancing the understanding of animal behavior and biodiversity conservation.
Inflammasome Assays In Vitro and in Mouse Models
Creators: name: Ting, J.P.Y.
name: Guo, H.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Year: 2020

description: This article presents assays that allow induction and measurement of activation of different inflammasomes in mouse macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, and mouse peritonitis and endotoxic shock models. Basic Protocol 1 describes how to prime the inflammasome in mouse macrophages with different Toll-like receptor agonists and TNF-α; how to induce NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasome activation by their corresponding stimuli; and how to measure inflammasome activation-mediated maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and pyroptosis. Since the well-established agonists for NLRP1 are inconsistent between mice and humans, Basic Protocol 2 describes how to activate the NLRP1 inflammasome in human PBMCs. Basic Protocol 3 describes how to purify, crosslink, and detect the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) pyroptosome. Formation of the ASC pyroptosome is a signature of inflammasome activation. A limitation of ASC pyroptosome detection is the requirement of a relatively large cell number. Alternate Protocol 1 is provided to stain ASC pyroptosomes using an anti-ASC antibody and to measure ASC specks by fluorescence microscopy in a single cell. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and inflammasome agonists will induce peritonitis, which is seen as an elevation of IL-1β and other proinflammatory cytokines and an infiltration of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. Basic Protocol 4 describes how to induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and peritonitis by priming mice with LPS and subsequently challenging them with monosodium urate (MSU). The method for measuring cytokines in serum and through peritoneal lavage is also described. Finally, Alternate Protocol 2 describes how to induce noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation by high-dose LPS challenge in a sepsis model. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Priming and activation of inflammasomes in mouse macrophages. Basic Protocol 2: Activation of human NLRP1 inflammasome by DPP8/9 inhibitor talabostat. Basic Protocol 3: Purification and detection of ASC pyroptosome. Alternate Protocol 1: Detection of ASC speck by immunofluorescence staining. Basic Protocol 4: Activation of canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in mice by intraperitoneal delivery of MSU crystals. Alternate Protocol 2: Activation of noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome in mice by intraperitoneal delivery of LPS.
Utilizing digital elevation models for camera-trap distance estimation
Creators: name: Böss, Leopold
name: Wohlfahrt, Stephanie
name: Schedl, David C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Camera traps have become a norm for estimating wildlife populations utilizing random encounter models to express metrics such as abundance and density. One essential parameter required to evaluate such models is the speed of the trapped animal. This speed can be estimated by labeling the contact point of instances with the ground across image sequences and projecting the resulting pixels onto a model describing said ground. Our approach proposes using digital elevation models recorded via airborne laser scanning as an alternative to manually calibrating simpler ground models. A study to investigate the impact of DEMs’ level of complexity on the accuracy of projected pixel distance estimates was conducted using a realistic dataset of 2629 2D labels and DEMs of three different resolutions. Reducing the resolution of the used DEM from 3 m to 20 m and 50 m leads to an average skew in distances of 2.84 m and 3.94 m, respectively, with widely dispersed individual errors. Further work is needed to assess the impact of these errors on speed and wildlife density calculations. Despite these challenges, the method shows promise as an alternative to currently used methods.
Aerothermal characterization of the CALLISTO vehicle during descent
Creators: name:  T. ECKER
name:   M. ERTL
name:   J. KLEVANSKI
name:   E. DUMONT
name:   S. KRUMMEN
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: REUSABLE SYSTEMS
SPACE ACCESS
CALLISTO

description: Aerothermal loads are a design driving factor during launcher development as the thermal loads directly in- fluence TPS design and trajectory. Recent developments in reusable launch vehicles (RLV) (e.g. SpaceX, Blue Origin) have added the dimension of refurbishment to the challenges the thermal design must con- sider. For disposable launchers the heat flux due to base heating during ascent needs to be considered for aft thermal protections system (TPS) and structural design. With the current European long term strategy[1] moving towards a reusable first stage - aerothermal loads may significantly change. In order to advance knowledge on RLV relevant technologies the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the French Space Agency (CNES) entered into a collaboration agree- ment. This allows a significant increase of the organisational knowledge at a technical and economic level. This collaboration includes in particular a vertical take-off and vertical landing (VTVL) reusable subscale launcher first stage demonstrator. The vehicle is called CALLISTO, which stands for Cooperative Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss back Operations [2]. For the CALLISTO vehicle the high- est heat fluxes are mainly due to heating from hot exhaust gases and heated air in proximity of the aft bay and on the exposed structures like legs and fins. The development of the plume extension is different for the considered re-entry, when compared to Falcon 9, or the studies presented in [3, 4]. As shown by Dumont et al.[5] the plume remains relatively concentrated at the aft end of the vehicle due to high atmospheric pressure and only very low fractions of actual exhaust gas species enclosing the vehicle. In the current study we conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies in order to determine the aerothermal loads on the vehicle during descent through the landing approach corridor. Further the sensitivity of the plume-vehicle interaction to angle of attack, chemistry and turbulence modeling are investigated.
New Insights into White-Light Flare Emission from Radiative-Hydrodynamic Modeling of a Chromospheric Condensation
Creators: name: Kowalski, Adam F.
name: Hawley, Suzanne L.
name: Carlsson, Mats
name: Allred, Joel C.
name: Uitenbroek, Han
name: Osten, Rachel A.
name: Holman, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) The heating mechanism at high densities during M dwarf flares is poorly understood. Spectra of M dwarf flares in the optical and near-ultraviolet wavelength regimes have revealed three continuum components during the impulsive phase: 1) an energetically dominant blackbody component with a color temperature of T $\sim$ 10,000 K in the blue-optical, 2) a smaller amount of Balmer continuum emission in the near-ultraviolet at lambda $
description: 50 pages, 2 tables, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in the Solar Physics Topical Issue, "Solar and Stellar Flares". Version 2 (June 22, 2015): updated to include comments by Guest Editor. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0708-x
INVESTIGATING THE DYNAMICS OF VOLATILE SULFUR COMPOUNDS FROM PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SYSTEMS IN WASTEWATER RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES
Creators: name: Bazemo, Ulrich Yoan Yanick
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: hydrogen sulfide
subject: Methyl Mercaptan
subject: primary sludge blanket
subject: sulfate reducing bacteria

description: This study quantifies volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) emissions from Wastewater Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRFs) and investigate their mechanisms of generation. In primary treatment, of the VSCs analyzed, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (MM) concentrations in the off gas were dominant, while dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were under their odor threshold for most sampling dates. H2S emission in primary settling tanks was mainly the result of the stripping of dissolved sulfide (64%) generated in the sewers. MM emission was more dependent on the conditions in the primary clarifiers (only 16% stripping). Most significant prevention of odor emission in primary settling tanks can be achieved by managing biofilms and microbial reactions in the sewer network. This would control the biomass seeding and fermentation product availability in the primary settling tanks directly and will decrease the observed kinetics of H2S and MM production. Overall, management of sludge blanket heights and thus avoiding time at low oxidation reduction potential (ORP) minimized odor emission independent of sewer conditions. Our investigations in secondary reactors have shown that MM was 2 to 3 order of magnitude higher than dissolved MM in primary effluent, revealing that the production of MM took place in the activated sludge process itself, and the stripping of MM from the feed was very minimal. Furthermore, data showed that the depth of secondary sludge blanket plays an important role on the extent of MM emission. At high sludge blanket height, high MM emission was observed. It was concluded that low ORP conditions in sludge blanket, selector zones and RAS was the major source of VSCs. Increasing ORP could decrease odor emissions by targeting the zones where MM is emitted. This could be achieved by addition of nitrate in secondary settling tanks.
Improving Wildlife Management with AI: Species Detection and Classification from Camera Trap Data
Creators: name: Mustafic, Sead
name: Dachs, Dominik
name: Prüller, Rainer
name: Schöggl, Florian
name: Perko, Roland
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this study, we explore advanced computer vision techniques to enhance wildlife management through the automatic detection and classification of animal species from camera trap images. Leveraging deep learning methods, our research focuses on the automated extraction of critical information from these images to support forest and wildlife management, biodiversity monitoring, and reintroduction program evaluations. We present a specialized data set with manually labeled and validated images and comprehensive metadata, including species identification, sex, age class, and unique IDs for individual animals. Our approach integrates both single-stage and two-stage detection and classification strategies, utilizing models such as YOLO and EfficientNet. Initial results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods, achieving significant accuracies (up to 95%) and providing a user-friendly interface for further refinement of classifications. Future work will expand the data set and explore transformer-based deep neural networks to enhance the robustness and applicability of our wildlife classification system.
EIT BASED PIEZORESISTIVE TACTILE SENSORS: A SIMULATION STUDY
Creators: name: Nankani, Ayush
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: current injection
subject: EIDORS
subject: Electrical Impedance Tomography

description: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging technique that uses voltage measurements to map the internal conductivity distribution of a body by applying current on electrodes attached to the boundary of that body. EIT has many applications, ranging from medical imaging to 3D printing. This imaging method is also being used for tactile sensing using stretchable piezoresistive sensors, mainly for robotic applications. Although prior research has focused on qualitative illustrations of tactile sensing, this thesis focuses on quantitative evaluation. In this thesis different current injection patterns are quantitatively analyzed using performance metrics to understand their effect on the resulting EIT images.
X-ray morphology of cluster-mass haloes in self-interacting dark matter
Creators: name: Shen, Xuejian
name: Brinckmann, Thejs
name: Rapetti, David
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Mantz, Adam
name: Zavala, Jesús
name: Allen, Steven W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform cosmological zoom-in simulations of $19$ relaxed cluster-mass haloes with the inclusion of adiabatic gas in the cold dark matter (CDM) and self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models. These clusters are selected as dynamically relaxed clusters from a parent simulation with $M_{\rm 200} \simeq 1\operatorname{-}3\times 10^{15}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$. Both the dark matter and the intracluster gas distributions in SIDM appear more spherical than their CDM counterparts. Mock X-ray images are generated based on the simulations and are compared to the real X-ray images of $84$ relaxed clusters selected from the Chandra and ROSAT archives. We perform ellipse fitting for the isophotes of mock and real X-ray images and obtain the ellipticities at cluster-centric radii of $r\simeq 0.1\operatorname{-}0.2\,R_{\rm 200}$. The X-ray isophotes in SIDM models with increasing cross-sections are rounder than their CDM counterparts, which manifests as a systematic shift in the distribution function of ellipticities. Unexpectedly, the X-ray morphology of the observed non-cool-core clusters agrees better with SIDM models with cross-section $(σ/m)= 0.5\operatorname{-}1~{\rm cm}^2/{\rm g}$ than CDM and SIDM with $(σ/m)=0.1\,{\rm cm}^2/{\rm g}$. Our statistical analysis indicates that the latter two models are disfavored at the $68\%$ confidence level (as conservative estimates). This conclusion is not altered by shifting the radial range of measurements or applying temperature selection criterion. However, the primary uncertainty originates from the lack of baryonic physics in the adiabatic model, such as cooling, star formation and feedback effects, which still have the potential to reconcile CDM simulations with observations.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Mitochondrial GSDMD Pores DAMPen Pyroptosis
Creators: name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Barnett, K.C.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2020

description: Noncanoncial inflammasome activation by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes pyroptotic cell death facilitated by gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation. In this issue of Immunity, Huang et al. describe how cytosolic LPS in endothelial cells does not cause cell death but restrains endothelial cell proliferation. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.Noncanoncial inflammasome activation by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes pyroptotic cell death facilitated by gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation. In this issue of Immunity, Huang et al. describe how cytosolic LPS in endothelial cells does not cause cell death but restrains endothelial cell proliferation.
Aerothermal analysis of plume interaction with deployed landing legs of the CALLISTO vehicle
Creators: name:  M. ERTL
name:   T. ECKER
name:   J. KLEVANSKI
name:   E. DUMONT
name:   S. KRUMMEN
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: REUSABLE SYSTEMS
SPACE ACCESS
CALLISTO

description: The current European long term strategy aims at moving towards reusable launch vehicles (RLV) for the first stages of launchers. In accordance with this strategy the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has entered into a collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the French Space Agency (CNES) for the development of RLV relevant technologies. A part of this collaboration is a vertical takeoff and vertical landing (VTVL) reusable subscale launcher first stage demonstrator - the Cooperative Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss back Operations (CALLISTO). The CALLISTO vehicle is to return to the launch pad using retro propulsion and an Aproach and Landing System (ALS) with extendable landing legs. This development leads to additional aerothermal design questions compared to traditional launchers. In the case of CALLISTO the highes heat fluxes are due to heating from hot exhaust gases of the aft bay section. This especially affects the unfolded ALS during the final phase of the landing approach. The arising heat fluxes, therefore, influence the structural design and the thermal protection system (TPS) of the ALS. In this study we conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations using Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) methods of the aerothermal loads on the ALS during the landing phase. We use the Spalat-Almaras turbulence model and frozen chemistry for the simulations. We analyse the flow field as well as the surface distributions. We investigat the necessity of simulations including the plume for these analyses. We use analyses of the flow fields as well as the surface distributions to investigate the influence of angle of attack, angle of roll, atmospheric conditions, flight speed and thrust level.
99 oscillating red-giant stars in binary systems with NASA TESS and NASA Kepler identified from the SB9-Catalogue
Creators: name: Beck, P. G.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Hambleton, K.
name: García, R. A.
name: Steinwender, L.
name: Eisner, N. L.
name: Nascimento, J. -D. do
name: Gaulme, P.
name: Mathis, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillating red-giant stars in binary systems are an ideal testbed for investigating the structure and evolution of stars in the advanced phases of evolution. With 83 known red giants in binary systems, of which only ~40 have determined global seismic parameters and orbital parameters, the sample is small compared to the numerous known oscillating stars. The detection of red-giant binary systems is typically obtained from the signature of stellar binarity in space photometry. The time base of such data biases the detection towards systems with shorter periods and orbits of insufficient size to allow a red giant to fully extend as it evolves up the red-giant branch. Consequently, the sample shows an excess of H-shell burning giants while containing very few stars in the He-core burning phase. From the ninth catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits (SB9), we identified candidate systems hosting a red-giant primary component. Searching space photometry from the NASA missions Kepler, K2, and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) as well as the BRITE (BRIght Target Explorer) constellation mission, we find 99 systems, which were previously unknown to host an oscillating giant component. The revised search strategy allowed us to extend the range of orbital periods of systems hosting oscillating giants up to 26000days. Such wide orbits allow a rich population of He-core burning primaries, which are required for a complete view of stellar evolution from binary studies. Tripling the size of the sample of known oscillating red-giant stars in binary systems is an important step towards an ensemble approach for seismology and tidal studies. While for non-eclipsing binaries the inclination is unknown, such a seismically well-characterized sample will be a treasure trove in combination with Gaia astrometric orbits for binary~systems.
description: A&A (accepted for publication)
DCAF1 regulates Treg senescence via the ROS axis during immunological aging
Creators: name: Su, L.
name: Wu, B.
name: Zheng, J.
name: Chou, W.-C.
name: Wan, Y.Y.
name: Guo, Z.
name: Zhou, C.
name: Lou, J.
name: Wang, G.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Cheng, L.
name: Wu, D.
Publisher: name: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Year: 2020

description: As a hallmark of immunological aging, low-grade, chronic inflammation with accumulation of effector memory T cells contributes to increased susceptibility to many aging-related diseases. While the proinflammatory state of aged T cells indicates a dysregulation of immune homeostasis, whether and how aging drives regulatory T cell (Treg) aging and alters Treg function are not fully understood owing to a lack of specific aging markers. Here, by a combination of cellular, molecular, and bioinformatic approaches, we discovered that Tregs senesce more severely than conventional T (Tconv) cells during aging. We found that Tregs from aged mice were less efficient than young Tregs in suppressing Tconv cell function in an inflammatory bowel disease model and in preventing Tconv cell aging in an irradiation-induced aging model. Furthermore, we revealed that DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 1 (DCAF1) was downregulated in aged Tregs and was critical to restrain Treg aging via reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulated by glutathione-S-transferase P (GSTP1). Importantly, interfering with GSTP1 and ROS pathways reinvigorated the proliferation and function of aged Tregs. Therefore, our studies uncover an important role of the DCAF1/GSTP1/ROS axis in Treg senescence, which leads to uncontrolled inflammation and immunological aging.
Stable factorization for phase factors of quantum signal processing
Creators: name: Ying, Lexing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81P68, 30E10

description: This paper proposes a new factorization algorithm for computing the phase factors of quantum signal processing. The proposed algorithm avoids root finding of high degree polynomials by using a key step of Prony's method and is numerically stable in the double precision arithmetics. Experimental results are reported for Hamiltonian simulation, eigenstate filtering, matrix inversion, and Fermi-Dirac operator.
Gut microbiota, NLR proteins, and intestinal homeostasis
Creators: name: Guo, H.
name: Ting, J.P.Y.
name: Gibson, S.A.
Publisher: name: Rockefeller University Press
Year: 2020

description: The gastrointestinal tract harbors a highly complex microbial community, which is referred to as gut microbiota. With increasing evidence suggesting that the imbalance of gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, interactions between the host immune system and the gut microbiota are now attracting emerging interest. Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) encompass a large number of innate immune sensors and receptors, which mediate the activation of Caspase-1 and the subsequent release of mature interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. Several family members have been found to restrain rather than activate inflammatory cytokines and immune signaling. NLR family members are central regulators of pathogen recognition, host immunity, and inflammation with utmost importance in human diseases. In this review, we focus on the potential roles played by NLRs in controlling and shaping the microbiota community and discuss how the functional axes interconnecting gut microbiota with NLRs impact the modulation of colitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancer.The authors acknowledge many investigators in the field whose primary data could not be cited in this review because of space limitations. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant R01-AI029564), National Institutes of Health (grant R35CA232109), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant P01-DK094779), and RadCCORE (grant AI067798 to J.P.Y. Ting) and ITCMS T32 (grant 5T32CA009156 to S.A. Gibson). Author contributions: H. Guo wrote the initial draft, prepared and created the figures and tables, and revised the paper. S.A. Gibson wrote the initial draft and prepared and created the figures and Table 2. J.P.Y. Ting provided oversight and leadership responsibility for this paper and edited the manuscript. Disclosures: J.P.Y. Ting reported a patent to University of North Carolina, currently pending, and is the cofounder of GoldCrest Bio, a company that is looking at the role of the microbiota in radiation sickness. H. Guo holds equity shares in GoldCrest Bio. No other disclosures were reported.
How does political rhetoric influence hate speech?
Creators: name: Murphy, Alexander
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In recent years, populist and outsider political candidates have met with unprecedented success across much of the Western world, a development often associated with disaffection with mainstream politics and concern over social change. Increases in the extremeness of political rhetoric were evident in the UK’s EU referendum campaign, Donald Trump’s US presidential campaigns and tenure, and in the domestic politics of Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the Netherlands, amongst others. This rhetoric frequently revolves around notions of national identity and economic deservingness. While the nature and prevalence of hate crime is associated with broader social trends and sentiments, the impact of political rhetoric on hate crime victimisation has remained comparatively underexplored. With hate speech having increasingly migrated into online spaces, and a general lack of recourse for victims, the prospective role played by political messaging in fomenting social division and hate crime victimisation is a pressing concern. Politicians, with their public accountability and influence, bear particular responsibility for the impacts of their words. This research provides insights into the political dimensions of hate speech in a contemporary UK context, using a novel qualitative methodology to examine a unique collection of UK hate crime trigger events. Through Critical Discourse Analysis of UK political rhetoric and thematic analysis of tweets collected from Twitter in the wake of antecedent hate crime events (namely four UK terrorism-adjacent incidents), this research explores the relationship between online hate speech and the discourses promoted by politicians. It offers an analysis of contemporary themes in both hate speech and political rhetoric; indicating that explicitly racist, Islamophobic, and violent themes are present within the Twitter reaction to all four trigger events, with exclusionary rhetoric promoted by UK politicians and replicated in the Twitter reaction. More ameliorative rhetorical contributions are generally lacking or absent. It also contributes to evidence on the differences between trigger event impact, highlighting the significance of race or religious themes and violence, and ultimately addresses a longstanding gap in the literature by evidencing the role that political rhetoric plays in hate speech. Politicians play a role in reinforcing the spread of the negative discourses which saturate Twitter and promote division. More consistent and measured rhetorical responses from politicians are one way in which rampant misinformation and abuse can be countered.
Forensic taphonomy: identification of biochemicals expelled from single organ and whole mammal decomposition
Creators: name: Brooks, Jonathon
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The breakdown of biological tissue during mammalian decomposition results in the production of both gases and liquids. These substances are the result of large molecules, such as proteins breaking down to create smaller compounds A large number of factors affect this process, and therefore a series of experiments are needed to be conducted to understand the complex process of the decomposition process. Much of the research in this area focusses on two avenues; detection/recovery of mammalian remains, and the development/enhancement of the methods used to determine the time since death. This project looks to combine a variety of analytical techniques, to develop methodologies that are more reliable and sensitive to better understand the chemical applications to forensic taphonomy. The aim was to conduct multi-disciplinary and multi-model experiments, to encapsulate the complex reaction mechanisms that occur during mammalian decomposition. The impact of extraneous variables is a commonly identified aspect within the literature, and prevents the correlation to any real understanding of what occurs during the decomposition process. As a result, laboratory controlled experiments with varying artificial environments (aerobic/anaerobic/aerobic buried) were undertaken to explore the fundamental biochemical breakdown of biological tissue. Single organ and whole mammal decomposition studies were conducted, to identify the variation of between the various tissue types. Field experiment were also conducted to look at how impactful the extraneous variables had on the process of decomposition and to highlight any similarities or differences Various analytical techniques were used to analyse a wide range of analytes, however the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was the main focus of the research. The analysis of the medium surrounding the whole mammal was also analysed towards the later stages of the research, looking at the soil VOCs, anionic content and response by cadaver dogs.
On a question of supports
Creators: name: Mangolte, Frédéric
name: Raffalli, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H50 14P05 14P25 52A10 52A15 52A20

description: We give a sufficient condition in order that $n$ closed connected subsets in the $n$-dimensional real projective space admit a common multitangent hyperplane.
Protection gaps in Amazon floodplains will increase with climate change: Insight from the world's largest scaled freshwater fish
Creators: name: Dubos, Nicolas
name: Lenormand, Maxime
name: Castello, Leandro
name: Oberdorff, Thierry
name: Guisan, Antoine
name: Luque, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Amazon floodplains represent important surfaces of highly valuable ecosystems, yet they remain neglected from protected areas. While the efficiency of the protected area network of the Amazon basin may be jeopardised by climate change, floodplains are exposed to important consequences of climate change but are omitted from species distribution models and protection gap analyses. We modelled the current and future (2070) distribution of the giant bony-tongue fish Arapaima sp. accounting for climate and habitat requirements, with consideration of dam presence (already existing and planned constructions) and hydroperiod (high- and low-water stages). We further quantified the amount of suitable environment which falls inside and outside the current network of protected areas to identify spatial conservation gaps. We predict climate change to cause the decline of environmental suitability by 16.6% during the high-water stage, and by 19.4% during the low-water stage. We found that about 70% of the suitable environments of Arapaima sp. remain currently unprotected, which is likely to increase by 5% with future climate change effects. Both current and projected dam constructions may hamper population flows between the central and the Bolivian and Peruvian parts of the basin. We highlight protection gaps mostly in the southwestern part of the basin and recommend the extension of the current network of protected areas in the floodplains of the upper Ucayali, Juruà and Purus Rivers and their tributaries. This study showed the importance of taking into account hydroperiods and dispersal barriers in forecasting the distribution of freshwater fish species, and stresses the urgent need to integrate floodplains to the protected area networks.
description: 30 pages, 3 figures + Appendix
Progress in Aerodynamic Studies for CALLISTO - Reusable VTVL Launcher First Stage Demonstrator
Creators: name:  J. KLEVANSKI
name:   E. DUMONT
name:   T. ECKER
name:   M. ERTL
name:   S. KRUMMEN
name:   B. REIMANN
name:   J. RIEHMER
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: REUSABLE SYSTEMS
SPACE ACCESS
CALLISTO

description: Reusability applied to launchers is expected to reduce costs for access to space and to increase the operational flexibility. DLR, CNES and JAXA are jointly developing a vertical take-off and landing (VTVL) reusable subscaled first stage demonstrator with the objective to improve knowledge in this field. With this vehicle, called CALLISTO (Cooperative Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss back Operations), DLR, CNES and JAXA want to acquire and demonstrate the capability to launch, land and relaunch a vehicle under conditions representative for the first stage of an operational launch vehicle. Furthermore, during CALLISTO demonstration flights, data will be gathered to improve knowledge on the operation of a reusable vehicle which will help to optimize the reusability capabilities of future launch systems [1-2]. The entire CALLISTO reference mission is complex and includes many flight phases: ascent, tilt-over manoeuvre, descent and landing during which the aerodynamic shape and the thrust level are changing radically. For instance, the simulation of the retro-propulsion plume is of particular importance, as it has a major impact on the base pressure distribution and aerothermal loads. In order to refine the requirements in preparation for the product preliminary design review (Product PDR), extensive aerodynamic analyses and tests have been performed [3]. The key challenge is to create an extensive aerodynamic data base covering all the flight configurations and conditions which than can be used for 6-DoF flight dynamics simulation, considering the complex aerodynamic shape of the demonstrator with limited computing resources. Indeed, the aerodynamic performance plays a central role in the global performance of CALLISTO. The use of classic engineering aero prediction methods cannot provide the precision and reliability necessary for the estimation of the aerodynamic coefficients. It is necessary to use a combination of models and CFD methods of different complexity. Another important aspect is the estimation of the uncertainties, based on the comparison of results calculated by different CFD methods as well as experimental results obtained in wind tunnels [4-6]. This paper will describe the concept and structure of the aerodynamic data base as well as the methods used for the calculation. The main findings of the aerodynamic analysis and the progress made during the CALLISTO project will be presented.
Performance evaluation of redundancy techniques for distributed storage and computing systems
Creators: name: Aktas ̧, Mehmet Fat ̇ih
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Today’s challenging problems in science and industry are solved by complex data-driven algorithms. Distributed computing paradigm has emerged as the way to satisfy the growing computational and storage demands of these algorithms. Systems that enable distributed computing are desired to execute workloads with fast and predictable performance. However these systems have long been plagued by the runtime performance variability, which in turn significantly slows down workload execution and reduce performance predictability.
Die zivilrechtlichen Folgen einer negativen Investitionskontrolle im sektorübergreifenden Prüfverfahren nach den §§ 55 ff. AWV
Creators: name: Dekert, Lars Dominik
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Außenwirtschaftsrecht
subject: negative Investitionskontrolle
subject: bereicherungsrechtliche Rückabwicklung
subject: börsennotierte Aktiengesellschaft
subject: German Foreign Trade and Payments Act
subject: negative cross-sectoral assessment
subject: restitution
subject: listed stock corporation
subject: 346 Privatrecht
subject: PE 620

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht die zivilrechtlichen Folgen einer außenwirtschaftsrechtlichen Untersagung eines Anteilserwerbs an einer börsennotierten Aktiengesellschaft durch einen unionsfremden Investor im sektorübergreifenden Prüfverfahren nach den §§ 55 ff. AWV, in dem bereits vollzogene Beteiligungserwerbe im Falle einer negativen Investitionskontrolle gemäß § 15 Abs. 2 AWG bereicherungsrechtlich rückabzuwickeln sind, § 812 Abs. 1 Satz 2 Alt. 1 BGB. Die Arbeit fokussiert sich dabei auf Anteilserwerbe von einer Vielzahl von (Alt-)Aktionären und befasst sich in diesem Rahmen sowohl mit außerbörslichen Erwerbsformen als auch mit dem Erwerb im Wege der Einkaufskommission über das elektronische Handelssystem Xetra der Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Wahl der Erwerbsmodalität durch den ausländischen Investor darüber entscheidet, ob die betreffenden (Alt-)Aktionäre Teil des Bereicherungsausgleichs werden. Daran anknüpfend werden die Folgen der bereicherungsrechtlichen Rückabwicklung auf die erlangte Mitgliedschaft aufgezeigt, insbesondere mit Rücksicht auf Kursverluste, in der Schwebezeit veranlasste gesellschaftsrechtliche Kapital- und Strukturmaßnahmen und vom Erwerber entrichtete Steuern.
description: This publication examines the implications under German civil law of a prohibited share acquisition in a listed stock corporation by a non-EU investor after a cross-sectoral assessment procedure pursuant to sections 55 to 59a of the German Foreign Trade and Payments Ordinance (Außenwirtschaftsverordnung). It analyses a scenario where a transaction has already been closed and is to be reversed under the law of unjust enrichment pursuant to section 15 (2) of the German Foreign Trade and Payments Act (Außenwirtschaftsgesetz) and section 812 (1) of the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch). The publication focuses especially on share purchases from a large number of existing shareholders and, in this context, deals with acquisitions both over-the-counter and on commission via the electronic exchange system Xetra at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. The publication comes to the conclusion that the acquisition method chosen by the foreign investor determines whether the former shareholders become part of the enrichment compensation. Based on this result, the consequences under the German law of unjust enrichment for the reversal for the shareholder position are discussed, in particular with regard to share price losses, corporate capital and structural measures initiated during the suspension period and taxes paid by the acquirer.
Vector-borne diseases with non-stationary vector populations: the case of growing and decaying populations
Creators: name: Giménez-Romero, Àlex
name: Flaquer-Galmés, Rosa
name: Matias, Manuel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the last century, deterministic compartmental models have emerged as powerful tools to predict and control epidemic outbreaks, in many cases helping to mitigate their impacts. A key quantity for these models is the so-called Basic Reproduction Number, that measures the number of secondary infections produced by an initial infected individual in a fully susceptible population. Some methods have been developed to allow the direct computation of this quantity provided that some conditions are fulfilled, such that the model has a pre-pandemic disease-free equilibrium state. This condition is only fulfilled when the populations are stationary. In the case of vector-borne diseases, this implies that the vector birth and death rates need to be balanced, what is not fulfilled in many realistic cases in which the vector population grow or decrease. Here we develop a vector-borne epidemic model with growing and decaying vector populations and study the conditions under which the standard methods to compute $R_0$ work and discuss an alternative when they fail. We also show that growing vector populations produce a delay in the epidemic dynamics when compared to the case of the stationary vector population. Finally, we discuss the conditions under which the model can be reduced to the SIR model with fewer compartments and parameters, which helps in solving the problem of parameter unidentifiability of many vector-borne epidemic models.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
TIDE: Temporally Incremental Disparity Estimation via Pattern Flow in Structured Light System
Creators: name: Qiao, Rukun
name: Kawasaki, Hiroshi
name: Zha, Hongbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.5; I.5.1

description: We introduced Temporally Incremental Disparity Estimation Network (TIDE-Net), a learning-based technique for disparity computation in mono-camera structured light systems. In our hardware setting, a static pattern is projected onto a dynamic scene and captured by a monocular camera. Different from most former disparity estimation methods that operate in a frame-wise manner, our network acquires disparity maps in a temporally incremental way. Specifically, We exploit the deformation of projected patterns (named pattern flow ) on captured image sequences, to model the temporal information. Notably, this newly proposed pattern flow formulation reflects the disparity changes along the epipolar line, which is a special form of optical flow. Tailored for pattern flow, the TIDE-Net, a recurrent architecture, is proposed and implemented. For each incoming frame, our model fuses correlation volumes (from current frame) and disparity (from former frame) warped by pattern flow. From fused features, the final stage of TIDE-Net estimates the residual disparity rather than the full disparity, as conducted by many previous methods. Interestingly, this design brings clear empirical advantages in terms of efficiency and generalization ability. Using only synthetic data for training, our extensitve evaluation results (w.r.t. both accuracy and efficienty metrics) show superior performance than several SOTA models on unseen real data. The code is available on https://github.com/CodePointer/TIDENet.
Second-Order Topological Insulator in Two-Dimensional C2N and Its Derivatives
Creators: name: Li, Z. H.
name: Zhou, P.
name: Yan, Q. H.
name: Peng, X. Y.
name: Ma, Z. S.
name: Sun, L. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quadrupole phase, as a novel high-order topological phase, exhibits nontrivial gapless states at the boundaries whose dimension is lower than bulk by two. However, this phase has not been observed experimentally in two-dimensional (2D) materials up to now. In this work, using first-principles calculations and tight-binding (TB) model, we propose that the experimentally synthesized C2N is a 2D quadrupole topological insulator with one-dimensional gapped edge states and zero-dimensional gapless corner states. C2N is found to have a large bulk gap of 2.45 eV and an edge gap of 0.32 eV, making it an excellent candidate to evidently present the nontrivial corner states in experiments. The robustness of the corner states against the edge disorders has been explicitly identified. Moreover, another three C2N-like materials are also found to host the nontrivial quadrupole phase including an experimentally synthesized material aza-fused microporous polymers (CMP). The four 2D quadrupole topological phases proposed in our present work provide excellent candidates for studying the novel high-order topological properties in future experiments.
description: 5 figures
Cosmic web-type classification using decision theory
Creators: name: Leclercq, Florent
name: Jasche, Jens
name: Wandelt, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a decision criterion for segmenting the cosmic web into different structure types (voids, sheets, filaments, and clusters) on the basis of their respective probabilities and the strength of data constraints. Our approach is inspired by an analysis of games of chance where the gambler only plays if a positive expected net gain can be achieved based on some degree of privileged information. The result is a general solution for classification problems in the face of uncertainty, including the option of not committing to a class for a candidate object. As an illustration, we produce high-resolution maps of web-type constituents in the nearby Universe as probed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey main galaxy sample. Other possible applications include the selection and labelling of objects in catalogues derived from astronomical survey data.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, text matches A&A Letters published version, figures contain more panels
The Weighted Ambient Metric
Creators: name: Case, Jeffrey S.
name: Khaitan, Ayush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A30, 53A55, 31C12

description: We prove the existence and uniqueness of weighted ambient metrics and weighted Poincaré metrics for smooth metric measure spaces.