cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What are the attackers doing now? Automating cyber threat intelligence extraction from text on pace with the changing threat landscape: A survey
Creators: name: Rahman, Md Rayhanur
name: Mahdavi-Hezaveh, Rezvan
name: Williams, Laurie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cybersecurity researchers have contributed to the automated extraction of CTI from textual sources, such as threat reports and online articles, where cyberattack strategies, procedures, and tools are described. The goal of this article is to aid cybersecurity researchers understand the current techniques used for cyberthreat intelligence extraction from text through a survey of relevant studies in the literature. We systematically collect "CTI extraction from text"-related studies from the literature and categorize the CTI extraction purposes. We propose a CTI extraction pipeline abstracted from these studies. We identify the data sources, techniques, and CTI sharing formats utilized in the context of the proposed pipeline. Our work finds ten types of extraction purposes, such as extraction indicators of compromise extraction, TTPs (tactics, techniques, procedures of attack), and cybersecurity keywords. We also identify seven types of textual sources for CTI extraction, and textual data obtained from hacker forums, threat reports, social media posts, and online news articles have been used by almost 90% of the studies. Natural language processing along with both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques such as named entity recognition, topic modelling, dependency parsing, supervised classification, and clustering are used for CTI extraction. We observe the technical challenges associated with these studies related to obtaining available clean, labelled data which could assure replication, validation, and further extension of the studies. As we find the studies focusing on CTI information extraction from text, we advocate for building upon the current CTI extraction work to help cybersecurity practitioners with proactive decision making such as threat prioritization, automated threat modelling to utilize knowledge from past cybersecurity incidents.
QCD, Symmetry Breaking and the Random Lattice
Creators: name: Cohen, Saul D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the Nielsen-Ninomiya No-Go theorem, the doubling of fermions on the lattice cannot be suppressed in a chiral theory. Whereas Wilson and staggered fermions suppress doublers with explicit breaking of chiral symmetry, the random lattice does so by spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking even in the free theory. I present results for meson masses, the chiral condensate and fermionic eigenvalues from simulations of quenched QCD on random lattices in four dimensions, focusing on chiral symmetry breaking.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, talk given at Lattice 2004 (Chiral Fermions)
OPES: On-the-fly Probability Enhanced Sampling Method
Creators: name: Invernizzi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular simulations are playing an ever increasing role, finding applications in fields as varied as physics, chemistry, biology and material science. However, many phenomena of interest take place on time scales that are out of reach of standard molecular simulations. This is known as the sampling problem and over the years several enhanced sampling methods have been developed to mitigate this issue. We propose a unified approach that puts on the same footing the two most popular families of enhanced sampling methods, and paves the way for novel combined approaches. The on-the-fly probability enhanced sampling method provides an efficient implementation of such generalized approach, while also focusing on simplicity and robustness.
Texto: Os filhos da anta
Creators: name: Tamuxi, Luiz
name: Bardagil Mas, Bernat
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: Manoki language

description: Luíz Tamuxi conta a história dos filhos da anta, primeiro em português e depois em mỹky.
Luíz Tamuxi tells the myth of the tapir's sons, first in Portuguese and then in Mỹky.
HotQCD on Multi-GPU Systems
Creators: name: Altenkort, Luis
name: Bollweg, Dennis
name: Clarke, David Anthony
name: Kaczmarek, Olaf
name: Mazur, Lukas
name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Scior, Philipp
name: Shu, Hai-Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present $\texttt{SIMULATeQCD}$, HotQCD's software for performing lattice QCD calculations on GPUs. Started in late 2017 and intended as a full replacement of the previous single GPU lattice QCD code used by the HotQCD collaboration, our software has been developed into an extensive framework for lattice QCD calculations distributed on multiple GPUs over many compute nodes. The code is built on C++, CUDA, and MPI and leverages modern C++ language features to provide high-level data structures, objects, and algorithms that allow users to express lattice QCD calculations in an intuitive way without sacrificing performance. Implemented algorithms range from gradient flow, correlator measurements, and mixed precision conjugate gradient solvers all the way to full HISQ gauge field configuration generation using RHMC. After successful deployment in large-scale computing projects, we want to share the result of our efforts with the lattice QCD community by making it publicly available. In these proceedings, we will present some of the key features of our code, demonstrate its ease of use, and show benchmarks of performance critical kernels on state-of-the-art supercomputers.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, presented at the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
Maximally Informative Stimuli and Tuning Curves for Sigmoidal Rate-Coding Neurons and Populations
Creators: name: McDonnell, Mark D.
name: Stocks, Nigel G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A general method for deriving maximally informative sigmoidal tuning curves for neural systems with small normalized variability is presented. The optimal tuning curve is a nonlinear function of the cumulative distribution function of the stimulus and depends on the mean-variance relationship of the neural system. The derivation is based on a known relationship between Shannon's mutual information and Fisher information, and the optimality of Jeffrey's prior. It relies on the existence of closed-form solutions to the converse problem of optimizing the stimulus distribution for a given tuning curve. It is shown that maximum mutual information corresponds to constant Fisher information only if the stimulus is uniformly distributed. As an example, the case of sub-Poisson binomial firing statistics is analyzed in detail.
description: Accepted by Physical Review Letters. This revision updates figures and text
Control of superselectivity by crowding in three-dimensional hosts
Creators: name: Christy, Andrew T. R.
name: Kusumaatmaja, Halim
name: Miller, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the fine compositional control observed in membraneless droplet organelles in cells, we investigate how a sharp binding-unbinding transition can occur between multivalent client molecules and receptors embedded in a porous three-dimensional structure. In contrast to similar superselective binding previously observed at surfaces, we have identified that a key effect in a three-dimensional environment is that the presence of inert crowding agents can significantly enhance or even introduce superselectivity. In essence, molecular crowding initially suppresses binding via an entropic penalty, but the clients can then more easily form many bonds simultaneously. We demonstrate the robustness of the superselective behavior with respect to client valency, linker length and binding interactions in Monte Carlo simulations of an archetypal lattice polymer model.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys Rev Lett: https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/0b074Yd7G1417b7950025d20d8859c7cb116edf4c
Suppression of Electroweak Instanton Processes in High-energy Collisions
Creators: name: Khoze, Valentin V.
name: Milne, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak instantons are a prediction of the Standard Model and have been studied in great detail in the past although they have not been observed. Earlier calculations of the instanton production cross section at colliders revealed that it was exponentially suppressed at low energies, but may grow large at energies (much) above the sphaleron mass. Such calculations faced difficulty in the breakdown of the instanton perturbation theory in the high-energy regime. In this paper we review the calculation for the electroweak instanton cross section using the optical theorem, including quantum effects arising from interactions in the initial state and show that this leads to an exponential suppression of the cross section at all energies, rendering the process unobservable.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Signatures of Bulk Neutrinos in the Early Universe
Creators: name: McKeen, David
name: Ng, John
name: Shamma, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino masses and quantum gravity are strong reasons to extend the standard model of particle physics. A large extra dimension can be motivated by quantum gravity and can explain the small neutrino masses with new singlet states that propagate in the bulk. In such a case, a Kaluza-Klein tower of sterile neutrinos emerges. We revisit constraints on towers of sterile neutrinos that come from cosmological observables such as the effective number of noninteracting relativistic species and the dark matter density. These limits generically rule out micron-sized extra dimensions. We explore the weakening of these constraints to accommodate an extra dimension close to the micron size by assuming that the universe reheated after inflation to a low temperature. We discuss how such a possibility can be distinguished in the event of a positive signal in a cosmological observable.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures v2: references added, matches version published in Physical Review D
On colored quandle longitudes and its applications to tangle embeddings and virtual knots
Creators: name: Niebrzydowski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25(primary), 55M99(secondary)

description: We define new invariants of knots by means of quandle colorings and longitudinal information. These invariants can be applied to a tangle embedding problem and recognizing non-classical virtual knots.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
The Tin Pest Problem as a Test of Density Functionals Using High-Throughput Calculations
Creators: name: Mehl, Michael J.
name: Ronquillo, Mateo
name: Hicks, David
name: Esters, Marco
name: Oses, Corey
name: Friedrich, Rico
name: Smolyanyuk, Andriy
name: Gossett, Eric
name: Finkenstadt, Daniel
name: Curtarolo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At ambient pressure tin transforms from its ground-state semi-metal $α$-Sn (diamond structure) phase to the compact metallic $β$-Sn phase at 13$^\circ$C (286K). There may be a further transition to the simple hexagonal $γ$-Sn above 450K. These relatively low transition temperatures are due to the small energy differences between the structures, $\approx 20$\,meV/atom between $α$- and $β$-Sn. This makes tin an exceptionally sensitive test of the accuracy of density functionals and computational methods. Here we use the high-throughput Automatic-FLOW (AFLOW) method to study the energetics of tin in multiple structures using a variety of density functionals. We look at the successes and deficiencies of each functional. As no functional is completely satisfactory, we look Hubbard U corrections and show that the Coulomb interaction can be chosen to predict the correct phase transition temperature. We also discuss the necessity of testing high-throughput calculations for convergence for systems with small energy differences.
description: 17 pages
Lattice QCD at Imaginary Chemical Potential in the Chiral Limit
Creators: name: Clarke, D. A.
name: Goswami, Jishnu
name: Karsch, F.
name: Lahiri, Anirban
name: Neumann, M.
name: Schmidt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an ongoing study on the interplay between Roberge-Weiss (RW) and chiral transitions in simulations of (2+1)-flavor QCD with an imaginary chemical potential. We established that the RW endpoint belongs to the 3-$d$, $Z_2$ universality class when calculations are done with the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action in the RW plane with physical quark masses. We also have explored a range of quark masses corresponding to pion mass values, $m_π\geq40$~MeV and found that the transition is consistent with $Z_2$ universality class. We argue that observables that were usually used to determine the chiral phase transition temperature, e.g. the chiral condensate and chiral susceptibility, are sensitive to the RW transition and are energy-like observables for the $Z_2$ transition, contrary to the magnetic-like (order parameter) behavior at vanishing chemical potential. Moreover the calculations performed at $m_π\sim40$~MeV also put a stringent constraint for a critical pion mass at zero chemical potential for a possible first-order chiral phase transition.
description: Prepared for the proceedings of LATTICE2021, MIT, USA, online
Spectral wall in collisions of excited Abelian Higgs vortices
Creators: name: Alonso-Izquierdo, A.
name: Guillarte, J. Mateos
name: Rees, M.
name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a spectral wall in collisions of two vortices in the Abelian Higgs model at the critical coupling. It occurs if the out-of-phase mode of initially separated vortices is excited.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures and ancillary files (5 videos)
Navigating Unknowns: Deep Learning Robustness for Gravitational Wave Signal Reconstruction
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Chayan
name: Jani, Karan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rapid and reliable deep learning-based method for gravitational wave signal reconstruction from elusive, generic binary black hole mergers in LIGO data. We demonstrate that our model, \texttt{AWaRe}, effectively recovers gravitational waves with parameters it has not encountered during training. This includes features like higher black hole masses, additional harmonics, eccentricity, and varied waveform systematics, which introduce complex modulations in the waveform's amplitudes and phases. The accurate reconstructions of these unseen signal characteristics demonstrates \texttt{AWaRe}'s ability to handle complex features in the waveforms. By directly incorporating waveform reconstruction uncertainty estimation into the \texttt{AWaRe} framework, we show that for real gravitational wave events, the uncertainties in \texttt{AWaRe}'s reconstructions align closely with those achieved by benchmark algorithms like BayesWave and coherent WaveBurst. The robustness of our model to real gravitational wave events and its ability to extrapolate to unseen data open new avenues for investigations in various aspects of gravitational wave astrophysics and data analysis, including tests of General Relativity and the enhancement of current gravitational wave search methodologies.
Sparsity and Incoherence in Compressive Sampling
Creators: name: Candes, Emmanuel
name: Romberg, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of reconstructing a sparse signal $x^0\in\R^n$ from a limited number of linear measurements. Given $m$ randomly selected samples of $U x^0$, where $U$ is an orthonormal matrix, we show that $\ell_1$ minimization recovers $x^0$ exactly when the number of measurements exceeds \[ m\geq \mathrm{Const}\cdotμ^2(U)\cdot S\cdot\log n, \] where $S$ is the number of nonzero components in $x^0$, and $μ$ is the largest entry in $U$ properly normalized: $μ(U) = \sqrt{n} \cdot \max_{k,j} |U_{k,j}|$. The smaller $μ$, the fewer samples needed. The result holds for ``most'' sparse signals $x^0$ supported on a fixed (but arbitrary) set $T$. Given $T$, if the sign of $x^0$ for each nonzero entry on $T$ and the observed values of $Ux^0$ are drawn at random, the signal is recovered with overwhelming probability. Moreover, there is a sense in which this is nearly optimal since any method succeeding with the same probability would require just about this many samples.
The beginnings of foster care in British Columbia : 1900-1930
Creators: name: O’Donnell, Dorothy-Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Although much has been written in the field of family history since Phillipe Aires' Centuries of Childhood (1962), the study of foster care in its various forms has received less attention. Themes concerning orphans and foster children do, however, appear guite often in literature and dramatic works. Two academic articles from Iceland and Brazil respectively discuss historical material relating to foster children and orphans in the 19th century. Themes from these articles, about the role of kin and neighbours in foster care, and the use of orphans to meet labour shortages, are discussed as background to the B.C. study. The constitutional-legal framework and social welfare policies adopted in British Columbia in the 1900-1930 period were under Anglo-American influence, with influences from Ontario being most direct. B.C. established some level of economic security for women and children with the establishment of women's pensions in 1920 and in 1927 the B.C. Survey of Child Welfare made recommendations for supervised foster care, that is, foster care subsidized by government and supervised by social workers. Although the legislation mandated "approved foster homes" as early as 1901, and envisaged temporary placement with children's aid societies (CAS) until such homes could be found, the annual reports and discharge summaries of the CASs, and the records of the Superintendent of Neglected Children show that this option was largely ignored. Not until overcrowding and medical crises forced the issue did CASs turn to foster care as an option.
Representation-protected topology of spin-singlet $s$-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Shingo
name: Furusaki, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that spin-singlet $s$-wave multi-band superconductors have a topological phase protected by rotation symmetry and time-reversal symmetry without spin-orbit coupling in two and three dimensions. This topological phase, an example of a representation-protected topological phase, has a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological index and is stable as long as the bands at the Fermi energy are formed by a doublet of orbital states with finite angular momenta. In the limit of weak superconducting pair potential, the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ index gives a Fermi-surface formula and is related to the winding number of three-dimensional strong topological superconductors of class CI. We present a model of a topological $s_{\pm}$-wave superconductor that has gapless surface states with a quadratic dispersion and suggest a connection with iron-based superconductors.
description: 7+10 pages, 2+1 figures
Salerno's model of DNA reanalysed: could solitons have biological significance?
Creators: name: Bashford, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sequence-dependent behaviour of localised excitations in a toy, nonlinear model of DNA base-pair opening originally proposed by Salerno. Specifically we ask whether ``breather'' solitons could play a role in the facilitated location of promoters by RNA polymerase. In an effective potential formalism, we find excellent correlation between potential minima and {\em Escherichia coli} promoter recognition sites in the T7 bacteriophage genome. Evidence for a similar relationship between phage promoters and downstream coding regions is found and alternative reasons for links between AT richness and transcriptionally-significant sites are discussed. Consideration of the soliton energy of translocation provides a novel dynamical picture of sliding: steep potential gradients correspond to deterministic motion, while ``flat'' regions, corresponding to homogeneous AT or GC content, are governed by random, thermal motion. Finally we demonstrate an interesting equivalence between planar, breather solitons and the helical motion of a sliding protein ``particle'' about a bent DNA axis.
description: Latex file 20 pages, 5 figures. Manuscript of paper to appear in J. Biol. Phys., accepted 02/09/05
Network meta-analysis and random walks
Creators: name: Davies, Annabel L.
name: Papakonstantinou, Theodoros
name: Nikolakopoulou, Adriani
name: Rücker, Gerta
name: Galla, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a central tool for evidence synthesis in clinical research. The results of an NMA depend critically on the quality of evidence being pooled. In assessing the validity of an NMA, it is therefore important to know the proportion contributions of each direct treatment comparison to each network treatment effect. The construction of proportion contributions is based on the observation that each row of the hat matrix represents a so-called 'evidence flow network' for each treatment comparison. However, the existing algorithm used to calculate these values is associated with ambiguity according to the selection of paths. In this work we present a novel analogy between NMA and random walks. We use this analogy to derive closed-form expressions for the proportion contributions. A random walk on a graph is a stochastic process that describes a succession of random 'hops' between vertices which are connected by an edge. The weight of an edge relates to the probability that the walker moves along that edge. We use the graph representation of NMA to construct the transition matrix for a random walk on the network of evidence. We show that the net number of times a walker crosses each edge of the network is related to the evidence flow network. By then defining a random walk on the directed evidence flow network, we derive analytically the matrix of proportion contributions. The random-walk approach, in addition to being computationally more efficient, has none of the associated ambiguity of the existing algorithm.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures
Using mobile-device sensors to teach students error analysis
Creators: name: Monteiro, Martin
name: Stari, Cecilia
name: Cabeza, Cecilia
name: Marti, Arturo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Science students must deal with the errors inherent to all physical measurements and be conscious of the need to expressvthem as a best estimate and a range of uncertainty. Errors are routinely classified as statistical or systematic. Although statistical errors are usually dealt with in the first years of science studies, the typical approaches are based on manually performing repetitive observations. Our work proposes a set of laboratory experiments to teach error and uncertainties based on data recorded with the sensors available in many mobile devices. The main aspects addressed are the physical meaning of the mean value and standard deviation, and the interpretation of histograms and distributions. The normality of the fluctuations is analyzed qualitatively comparing histograms with normal curves and quantitatively comparing the number of observations in intervals to the number expected according to a normal distribution and also performing a Chi-squared test. We show that the distribution usually follows a normal distribution, however, when the sensor is placed on top of a loudspeaker playing a pure tone significant differences with a normal distribution are observed. As applications to every day situations we discuss the intensity of the fluctuations in different situations, such as placing the device on a table or holding it with the hands in different ways. Other activities are focused on the smoothness of a road quantified in terms of the fluctuations registered by the accelerometer. The present proposal contributes to gaining a deep insight into modern technologies and statistical errors and, finally, motivating and encouraging engineering and science students.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2005.13617
The convective instability of a Maxwell-Cattaneo fluid in the presence of a vertical magnetic field
Creators: name: Eltayeb, I. A.
name: Hughes, D. W.
name: Proctor, M. R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the instability of a Bénard layer subject to a vertical uniform magnetic field, in which the fluid obeys the Maxwell-Cattaneo (MC) heat flux-temperature relation. We extend the work of Bissell (Proc. R. Soc. A, 472: 20160649, 2016) to non-zero values of the magnetic Prandtl number $p_m$. With non-zero $p_m$, the order of the dispersion relation is increased, leading to considerably richer behaviour. An asymptotic analysis at large values of the Chandrasekhar number $Q$ confirms that the MC effect becomes important when $C Q^{1/2}$ is $O(1)$, where $C$ is the Maxwell-Cattaneo number. In this regime, we derive a scaled system that is independent of $Q$. When $CQ^{1/2}$ is large, the results are consistent with those derived from the governing equations in the limit of Prandtl number $p\to \infty$ with $p_m$ finite; here we identify a new mode of instability, which is due neither to inertial nor induction effects. In the large $p_m$ regime, we show how a transition can occur between oscillatory modes of different horizontal scale. For $Q \gg 1$ and small values of $p$, we show that the critical Rayleigh number is non-monotonic in $p$ provided that $C>1/6$. While the analysis of this paper is performed for stress-free boundaries, it can be shown that other types of mechanical boundary conditions give the same leading order results.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Robust (rainbow) subdivisions and simplicial cycles
Creators: name: Tomon, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present several results in extremal graph and hypergraph theory of topological nature. First, we show that if $α>0$ and $\ell=Ω(\frac{1}α\log\frac{1}α)$ is an odd integer, then every graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and at least $n^{1+α}$ edges contains an $\ell$-subdivision of the complete graph $K_t$, where $t=n^{Θ(α)}$. Also, this remains true if in addition the edges of $G$ are properly colored, and one wants to find a rainbow copy of such a subdivision. In the sparser regime, we show that properly edge colored graphs on $n$ vertices with average degree $(\log n)^{2+o(1)}$ contain rainbow cycles, while average degree $(\log n)^{6+o(1)}$ guarantees rainbow subdivisions of $K_t$ for any fixed $t$, thus improving recent results of Janzer and Jiang et al., respectively. Furthermore, we consider certain topological notions of cycles in pure simplicial complexes (uniform hypergraphs). We show that if $G$ is a $2$-dimensional pure simplicial complex ($3$-graph) with $n$ $1$-dimensional and at least $n^{1+α}$ 2-dimensional faces, then $G$ contains a triangulation of the cylinder and the Möbius strip with $O(\frac{1}α\log\frac{1}α)$ vertices. We present generalizations of this for higher dimensional pure simplicial complexes as well. In order to prove these results, we consider certain (properly edge colored) graphs and hypergraphs $G$ with strong expansion. We argue that if one randomly samples the vertices (and colors) of $G$ with not too small probability, then many pairs of vertices are connected by a short path whose vertices (and colors) are from the sampled set, with high probability.
description: Final version. 37 pages, 4 figures
Single-photon and multi-photon Fano lines for helium and neon using tRecX-haCC
Creators: name: Chundayil, Hareesh
name: Scrinzi, Armin
name: Majety, Vinay Pramod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon and multi-photon ionization of helium and neon atoms by ultrashort extreme ultraviolet radiation is studied. The wavelength of radiation is chosen to excite a set of doubly excited states. We analyse the lineshapes arising from the presence of doubly excited states and numerically demonstrate the sensitivity of the Fano $q$ parameter to the order of multi-photon process. The computations were performed using the tRecX-haCC package developed by the authors. The tRecX-haCC package solves the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the presence of a laser pulse and computes the photoelectron spectra including the narrow resonance peaks using the tSurff and iSurf techniques.
Tunneling magnetoresistance in ensembles of ferromagnetic granules with exchange interaction and random easy axes of magnetic anisotropy
Creators: name: Beltukov, Y. M.
name: Kozub, V. I.
name: Shumilin, A. V.
name: Stepina, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the tunneling magnetoresistance in the ensembles of ferromagnetic granules with random easy axes of magnetic anisotropy taking into account the exchange interaction between granules. It is shown that due to the exchange interaction magnetoresistance is effectively decoupled from magnetization, i.e. the strongest negative magnetoresistance can be observed at the field where magnetization is almost saturated. Under some conditions, the sign of magnetoresistance can be reversed and tunneling magnetoresistance can become positive at certain magnetic fields. Our theory agrees with measurements of magnetoresistance in ensembles of Fe granules in SiCxNy matrix.
description: To be published in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
On the Encoding of Gender in Transformer-based ASR Representations
Creators: name: Krishnan, Aravind
name: Abdullah, Badr M.
name: Klakow, Dietrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While existing literature relies on performance differences to uncover gender biases in ASR models, a deeper analysis is essential to understand how gender is encoded and utilized during transcript generation. This work investigates the encoding and utilization of gender in the latent representations of two transformer-based ASR models, Wav2Vec2 and HuBERT. Using linear erasure, we demonstrate the feasibility of removing gender information from each layer of an ASR model and show that such an intervention has minimal impacts on the ASR performance. Additionally, our analysis reveals a concentration of gender information within the first and last frames in the final layers, explaining the ease of erasing gender in these layers. Our findings suggest the prospect of creating gender-neutral embeddings that can be integrated into ASR frameworks without compromising their efficacy.
description: Accepted at Interspeech 2024
Employing bacterial mutations for the elucidation of photo-Fenton disinfection: focus on the intracellular and extracellular inactivation mechanisms induced by UVA and H2O2
Creators: name: Giannakis, Stefanos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401199
subject: Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Pre-proof versionThe bacterial inactivation mechanisms by solar light and the photo-Fenton process is still a matter of debate. In this study, we bring evidence towards the elucidation of the mechanisms that govern photo-Fenton disinfection at near-neutral pH. With the use of porin-deficient and catalase over-producing E. coli strains, in conjunction with measurements of cell wall oxidation and permeability, we are able to i) highlight the role of the aforementioned components in bacterial inactivation and ii) localize the damages in the intracellular domain, despite the addition of the Fenton reagents in the bulk. We report that H2O2 oxidizes cell walls but under light the process is of low significance; UVA initiated an intracellular oxidation process based on excess accumulated H2O2, while the UVA+H2O2 and UVA+H2O2+Fe2+ processes have the same effect with light, albeit enhanced, as shown by malondialdehyde (MDA) production and ONPG hydrolysis rates. Finally, compared to the UVA-assisted photo-Fenton process, its solar counterpart is enhanced by the direct UVB effects on bacterial DNA. In conclusion, we have sufficient evidence to postulate that the photo-Fenton process is intracellular and propose the pathways that form the integrated bacterial inactivation mechanism by photo-Fenton.
Hansenocaris undetermined
Creators: name: Olesen, Jørgen
name: Grygier, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Hansenocarididae
Hansenocaris
Hansenocaris undetermined

description: Y-nauplius Type AO
Figs 2, 19F–G
Material examined
JAPAN – Okinawa, Sesoko I., laboratory pier, 26°38ʹ09.4ʺ N, 127°51ʹ55.2ʺ E • 1 LSN; 1991–2005 (Tables 1 and S1).
Description
LAST-STAGE NAUPLIUS (LSN). Lecithotrophic. Body shape lanceolate in dorso-ventral view; about 2.2 times as long as wide; lateral margins tapering gradually towards caudal end, with very slight narrowing apparent at posterior end of cephalic shield. No lateral view obtained, but longitudinal axes of cephalon, trunk and dorso-caudal spine apparently in nearly same plane. Length 366 µm (based on exuvia on slide, without dorso-caudal spine), greatest width 170 µm, greatest dorso-ventral thickness unknown but body apparently rather flattened. Labrum not examined in detail but with straight posterior margin and with surface undivided into facets; pores not examined. Caudal end attenuate, terminating in 90 µm long, spinose dorso-caudal spine accompanied by slightly more ventrally and forward-positioned pair of ca 17 µm long furcal spines.
CYPRID VIEWED THROUGH CUTICLE OF LSN. The only available information on live specimens is from the slide label, which reports that the tip of the [cyprid] tail is brown.
Identification and variation
Recognizable by its great length relative to width, relatively long and slender dorso-caudal spine and relatively long furcal spines.
Distribution
Japan (Sesoko Island, Okinawa).
description: Published as part of Olesen, Jørgen & Grygier, Mark J., 2024, Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ' y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii, pp. 1-90 in European Journal of Taxonomy 929 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.929.2479, http://zenodo.org/record/10876286
Efficient Prompting for LLM-based Generative Internet of Things
Creators: name: Xiao, Bin
name: Kantarci, Burak
name: Kang, Jiawen
name: Niyato, Dusit
name: Guizani, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capacities on various tasks, and integrating the capacities of LLMs into the Internet of Things (IoT) applications has drawn much research attention recently. Due to security concerns, many institutions avoid accessing state-of-the-art commercial LLM services, requiring the deployment and utilization of open-source LLMs in a local network setting. However, open-source LLMs usually have more limitations regarding their performance, such as their arithmetic calculation and reasoning capacities, and practical systems of applying LLMs to IoT have yet to be well-explored. Therefore, we propose a LLM-based Generative IoT (GIoT) system deployed in the local network setting in this study. To alleviate the limitations of LLMs and provide service with competitive performance, we apply prompt engineering methods to enhance the capacities of the open-source LLMs, design a Prompt Management Module and a Post-processing Module to manage the tailored prompts for different tasks and process the results generated by the LLMs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we discuss a challenging Table Question Answering (Table-QA) task as a case study of the proposed system, as tabular data is usually more challenging than plain text because of their complex structures, heterogeneous data types and sometimes huge sizes. We conduct comprehensive experiments on two popular Table-QA datasets, and the results show that our proposal can achieve competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art LLMs, demonstrating that the proposed LLM-based GIoT system can provide competitive performance with tailored prompting methods and is easily extensible to new tasks without training.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2024
Production of the charged Higgs bosons at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in the left-right symmetric model
Creators: name: Jung, Dong-Won
name: Lee, Kang Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of the charged Higgs boson at the LHC in the left-right symmetric model. It is shown that there exists a lower bound of the cross section. We investigate that predicted cross sections of this model are generally larger than those of the two Higgs doublet model or the minimal supersymmetric model.
description: The version which will appear in PRD. References are added
Stochastic dynamics of a Josephson junction threshold detector
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Eugene V.
name: Jordan, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the stochastic path integral formalism by considering Hamiltonian dynamics in the presence of general Markovian noise. Kramers' solution of the activation rate for escape over a barrier is generalized for non-Gaussian driving noise in both the overdamped and underdamped limit. We apply our general results to a Josephson junction detector measuring the electron counting statistics of a mesoscopic conductor. Activation rate dependence on the third current cumulant includes an additional term originating from the back-action of the measurement circuit.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, discussion of experiment added, typos corrected
Milky Way Tomography with the SkyMapper Southern Survey. II. Photometric Re-calibration of SMSS DR2
Creators: name: Huang, Yang
name: Yuan, Haibo
name: Li, Chengyuan
name: Wolf, Christian
name: Onken, Christopher A.
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: Casagrande, Luca
name: Mackey, Dougal
name: Da Costa, Gary S.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Stello, Dennis
name: Nordlander, Thomas
name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: Buder, Sven
name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Liu, Xiaowei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the spectroscopy-based stellar-color regression (SCR) method to perform an accurate photometric re-calibration of the second data release from the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS DR2). From comparison with a sample of over 200,000 dwarf stars with stellar atmospheric parameters taken from GALAH+ DR3 and with accurate, homogeneous photometry from $Gaia$ DR2, zero-point offsets are detected in the original photometric catalog of SMSS DR2, in particular for the gravity- and metallicity-sensitive $uv$ bands. For $uv$ bands, the zero-point offsets are close to zero at very low extinction, and then steadily increase with $E (B - V)$, reaching as large as 0.174 and 0.134 mag respectively, at $E (B - V) \sim 0.5$ mag. These offsets largely arise from the adopted dust term in the transformations used by SMSS DR2 to construct photometric calibrators from the ATLAS reference catalog. For the $gr$ bands, the zero-point offsets exhibit negligible variations with SFD $E(B - V )$, due to their tiny coefficients on the dust term in the transformation. Our study also reveals small, but significant, spatial variations of the zero-point offsets in all $uvgr$ bands. External checks using Strömgren photometry, WD loci and the SDSS Stripe 82 standard-star catalog independently confirm the zero-points found by our revised SCR method.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ; we also provide the routines and scripts on GitHub (github.com/comhy/SMSS-DR2-ZP-corrections) for the corrections of the zero-points of SMSS DR2/3 photometry
Sobolev Institute of Mathematics Celebrates its Fiftieth Anniversary
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 01A60; 01A74

description: This paper describes briefly history and current state of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, the biggest research mathematical institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences located east to Ural mountains.
description: 6 pages, 2 photos
Casimir-Polder Interaction of an Atom with a Cavity Wall Made of Phase-Change Material out of Thermal Equilibrium
Creators: name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the out-of-thermal-equilibrium Casimir-Polder interaction between atoms of He$^*$, Na, Cs, and Rb and a cavity wall made of sapphire coated with a vanadium dioxide film which undergoes the dielectric-to-metal phase transition with increasing wall temperature. Numerical computations of the Casimir-Polder force and its gradient as the functions of atom-wall separation and wall temperature are made when the latter exceeds the temperature of the environment. The obtained results are compared with those in experiment on measuring the gradient of the Casimir-Polder force between $^{87}$Rb atoms and a silica glass wall out of thermal equilibrium. It is shown that the use of phase-change wall material increases significantly the force magnitude and especially the force gradient, as opposed to the case of dielectric wall.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Astronomical Spectroscopy with Skipper CCDs: First Results from a Skipper CCD Focal Plane Prototype at SIFS
Creators: name: Villalpando, Edgar Marrufo
name: Drlica-Wagner, Alex
name: Roach, Brandon
name: Bonati, Marco
name: Bakshi, Abhishek
name: Campa, Julia
name: Cancelo, Gustavo
name: Cancino, Braulio
name: Chavez, Claudio R.
name: Chierchie, Fernando
name: Estrada, Juan
name: Moroni, Guillermo Fernandez
name: Fraga, Luciano
name: Gaido, Manuel E.
name: Holland, Stephen E.
name: Hur, Rachel
name: Jonas, Michelle
name: Moore, Peter
name: Paolini, Eduardo
name: Malagón, Andrés A. Plazas
name: Stefanazzi, Leandro
name: Tiffenberg, Javier
name: Treptou, Ken
name: Uemura, Sho
name: Wilcer, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first on-sky results from an ultra-low-readout-noise Skipper CCD focal plane prototype for the SOAR Integral Field Spectrograph (SIFS). The Skipper CCD focal plane consists of four 6k x 1k, 15 $μ$m pixel, fully-depleted, p-channel devices that have been thinned to ~250 $μ$m, backside processed, and treated with an anti-reflective coating. These Skipper CCDs were configured for astronomical spectroscopy, i.e., single-sample readout noise < 4.3 e- rms/pixel, the ability to achieve multi-sample readout noise $\ll$ 1 e- rms/pixel, full-well capacities ~40,000-65,000 e-, low dark current and charge transfer inefficiency (~2 x 10$^{-4}$ e-/pixel/s and 3.44 x 10$^{-7}$, respectively), and an absolute quantum efficiency of $\gtrsim$ 80% between 450 nm and 980 nm ($\gtrsim$ 90% between 600 nm and 900 nm). We optimized the readout sequence timing to achieve sub-electron noise (~0.5 e- rms/pixel) in a region of 2k x 4k pixels and photon-counting noise (~0.22 e- rms/pixel) in a region of 220 x 4k pixels, each with a readout time of $\lesssim$ 17 min. We observed two quasars (HB89 1159+123 and QSO J1621-0042) at redshift z ~ 3.5, two high-redshift galaxy clusters (CL J1001+0220 and SPT-CL J2040-4451), an emission line galaxy at z = 0.3239, a candidate member star of the Boötes II ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, and five CALSPEC spectrophotometric standard stars (HD074000, HD60753, HD106252, HD101452, HD200654). We present charge-quantized, photon-counting observations of the quasar HB89 1159+123 and show the detector sensitivity increase for faint spectral features. We demonstrate signal-to-noise performance improvements for SIFS observations in the low-background, readout-noise-dominated regime. We outline scientific studies that will leverage the SIFS-Skipper CCD data and new detector architectures that utilize the Skipper floating gate amplifier with faster readout times.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; Proc. SPIE
Statistical entropy of three-dimensional q-deformed Kerr-de Sitter space
Creators: name: Abbott, Michael C.
name: Lowe, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum deformation of three-dimensional de Sitter space was proposed in hep-th/0407188. We use this to calculate the entropy of Kerr-de Sitter space, using a canonical ensemble, and find agreement with the semiclassical result.
description: 11 pages, revtex, (v2, reference added)