Additional file 1 of The dynamics of deltamethrin resistance evolution in Aedes albopictus has an impact on fitness and dengue virus type-2 vectorial capacity
Creators: name: Guo, Yijia
name: Hu, Ke
name: Zhou, Jingni
name: Xie, Zhensheng
name: Zhao, Yijie
name: Zhao, Siyu
name: Gu, Jinbao
name: Zhou, Xiaohong
name: Yan, Guiyun
name: James, Anthony A.
name: Chen, Xiao-Guang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Metabolic resistances to deltamethrin in different Ae. albopictus strains with varied genotypes at 1532 and 1534 sites. (A) Metabolic resistance in different strains. The synergistic agents, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S.S.S-tributlyphosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DM), are respective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), choline/carboxylesterases (CCEs) and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs). Adults treated with deltamethrin were used as control. The error bars represent the means ± SEM of five replicates. Different lowercase letters (a and b) indicate significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) based on Chi-square test. (B) Genotypes of 1532 and 1534 sites of vgsc gene in different strains. Representative chromatograms of direct sequencing of the PCR products for genotyping 1532 and 1534 sites. Strains used to represent different resistance mechanisms: Lab-S (susceptible reference strain), F1534S’ (1532I/I1534F/S), F1534S (1532I/I1534S/S), Lab-R30 (I1532T/F1534Sand metabolic resistance), R30-1534S (1532I/I1534S/S and metabolic resistance), R30-1532T (1532T/T1534F/F and metabolic resistance) and R30-M (metabolic resistance). Figure S2. Fitness cost of deltamethrin resistance in Aedes albopictus larvae and adults caused by F1534S mutation. (A) An F1534S strain with the F1534S homozygous mutation was constructed from a susceptible Lab-S strain by CRISPR/Cas9, and a “restored” susceptible S1534F strain was constructed by backcrossing of the F1534S with Lab-S. The mutant heterozygote, F1534S’, was obtained by crossing Lab-S with the F1534S strain [14]. Temporal trend of pupation rate (B) and eclosion rate (C). (D) Larval and pupal developmental time. (E) Pupation rate of larvae and eclosion rate of pupae. B-En = 3, 50 newly hatched larvae per strain in each experiment. (F) Survival curves of female adults (n = 40). Comparison of survival curves between different strains and Lab-S strain base on Log-rank test: F1534S vs Lab-S (χ2=71.12, df=1, P &lt; 0.0001), F1534S’ vs Lab-S (χ2=1.146, df=1,P = 0.2844), S1534F vs Lab-S (χ2=0.4271, df=1, P = 0.5314). (G) Survival curves of male adults (n = 40). Comparison of survival curves between different strains and Lab-S strain base on Log-rank test: F1534S vs Lab-S (χ2=48.65, df=1, P &lt; 0.0001), F1534S’ vs Lab-S (χ2=1.476, df=1,P = 0.2243), S1534F vs Lab-S (χ2=5.079, df=1, P = 0.0242). (H) Weight of adults (n = 4, 8 pooled adults each experiment). (I) Wing length of adults (n = 30). (J) Fecundity of female adults (n = 40). (K) Hatching rate per 100 eggs (n = 4). (L) Comprehensive quantification of fitness cost. Population vigor = (number of eggs*hatching rate*pupation rate*eclosion rate*average life span of adults*average weight of adults*average wing length of adults)/(larval development time + pupal development time). Ranking of fitness cost of several strains: F1534S &gt; S1534F &gt; Lab-S &gt; F1534S’. The results are represented as the mean ± SEM. ns: not significant. Different lowercase letters, a and b, represent significant differences (P &lt; 0.05). Table S1. Life table values of different strains of Aedes albopictus under laboratory conditions. Table S2. Results of one-way ANOVA, log-rank test and Chi-square test on life history traits. Table S3. The percentage and time (seconds) of starved females from each strain successfully taking a human blood meal in 5 minutes. Table S4. DENV-2 infection rates of tissues in susceptible and resistant strains of Aedes albopictus.