cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Steady-State Heat Transport: Ballistic-to-Diffusive with Fourier's Law
Creators: name: Maassen, Jesse
name: Lundstrom, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 80A20

description: It is generally understood that Fourier's law does not describe ballistic phonon transport, which is important when the length of a material is similar to the phonon mean-free-path. Using an approach adapted from electron transport, we demonstrate that Fourier's law and the heat equation do capture ballistic effects, including temperature jumps at ideal contacts, and are thus applicable on all length scales. Local thermal equilibrium is not assumed, because allowing the phonon distribution to be out-of-equilibrium is important for ballistic and quasi-ballistic transport. The key to including the non-equilibrium nature of the phonon population is to apply the proper boundary conditions to the heat equation. Simple analytical solutions are derived, showing that i) the magnitude of the temperature jumps is simply related to the material properties and ii) the observation of reduced apparent thermal conductivity physically stems from a reduction in the temperature gradient and not from a reduction in actual thermal conductivity. We demonstrate how our approach, equivalent to Fourier's law, easily reproduces results of the Boltzmann transport equation, in all transport regimes, even when using a full phonon dispersion and mean-free-path distribution.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Regional Gray Matter Growth, Sexual Dimorphism, and Cerebral Asymmetry in the Neonatal Brain
Creators: name: Knickmeyer, R. C.
name: Looney, C. B.
name: Smith, J. K.
name: Hamer, R. M.
name: Evans, D. D.
name: Lieberman, J. A.
name: Vetsa, Y. S. K.
name: Gerig, G.
name: Prastawa, M. W.
name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Lin, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Although there has been recent interest in the study of childhood and adolescent brain development, very little is known about normal brain development in the first few months of life. In older children, there are regional differences in cortical gray matter development, whereas cortical gray and white matter growth after birth has not been studied to a great extent. The adult human brain is also characterized by cerebral asymmetries and sexual dimorphisms, although very little is known about how these asymmetries and dimorphisms develop. We used magnetic resonance imaging and an automatic segmentation methodology to study brain structure in 74 neonates in the first few weeks after birth. We found robust cortical gray matter growth compared with white matter growth, with occipital regions growing much faster than prefrontal regions. Sexual dimorphism is present at birth, with males having larger total brain cortical gray and white matter volumes than females. In contrast to adults and older children, the left hemisphere is larger than the right hemisphere, and the normal pattern of fronto-occipital asymmetry described in older children and adults is not present. Regional differences in cortical gray matter growth are likely related to differential maturation of sensory and motor systems compared with prefrontal executive function after birth. These findings also indicate that whereas some adult patterns of sexual dimorphism and cerebral asymmetries are present at birth, others develop after birth.
Extreme Value Laws for Superstatistics
Creators: name: Rabassa, Pau
name: Beck, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the extreme value distribution of stochastic processes modeled by superstatistics. Classical extreme value theory asserts that (under mild asymptotic independence assumptions) only three possible limit distributions are possible, namely: Gumbel, Fréchet and Weibull distribution. On the other hand, superstatistics contains three important universality classes, namely $χ^2$-superstatistics, inverse $χ^2$-superstatistics, and lognormal superstatistics, all maximizing different effective entropy measures. We investigate how the three classes of extreme value theory are related to the three classes of superstatistics. We show that for any superstatistical process whose local equilibrium distribution does not live on a finite support, the Weibull distribution cannot occur. Under the above mild asymptotic independence assumptions, we also show that $χ^2$-superstatistics generally leads an extreme value statistics described by a Fréchet distribution, whereas inverse $χ^2$-superstatistics, as well as lognormal superstatistics, lead to an extreme value statistics associated with the Gumbel distribution.
description: To appear in Entropy
A Structural MRI Study of Human Brain Development from Birth to 2 Years
Creators: name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Wilber, K.
name: Smith, J. K.
name: Knickmeyer, R. C.
name: Kang, C.
name: Gerig, G.
name: Hamer, R. M.
name: Evans, D.
name: Lin, W.
name: Gouttard, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Brain development in the first 2 years after birth is extremely dynamic and likely plays an important role in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. Knowledge regarding this period is currently quite limited. We studied structural brain development in healthy subjects from birth to 2. Ninety-eight children received structural MRI scans on a Siemens head-only 3T scanner with magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo T1-weighted, and turbo spin echo, dual-echo (proton density and T2 weighted) sequences: 84 children at 2–4 weeks, 35 at 1 year and 26 at 2 years of age. Tissue segmentation was accomplished using a novel automated approach. Lateral ventricle, caudate, and hippocampal volumes were also determined. Total brain volume increased 101% in the first year, with a 15% increase in the second. The majority of hemispheric growth was accounted for by gray matter, which increased 149% in the first year; hemispheric white matter volume increased by only 11%. Cerebellum volume increased 240% in the first year. Lateral ventricle volume increased 280% in the first year, with a small decrease in the second. The caudate increased 19% and the hippocampus 13% from age 1 to age 2. There was robust growth of the human brain in the first two years of life, driven mainly by gray matter growth. In contrast, white matter growth was much slower. Cerebellum volume also increased substantially in the first year of life. These results suggest the structural underpinnings of cognitive and motor development in early childhood, as well as the potential pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Tidal dissipation and the formation of Kepler near-resonant planets
Creators: name: Delisle, J. -B.
name: Laskar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-planetary systems detected by the Kepler mission present an excess of planets close to first-order mean-motion resonances (2:1 and 3:2) but with a period ratio slightly higher than the resonant value. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this observation. Here we provide some clues that these near-resonant systems were initially in resonance and reached their current configuration through tidal dissipation. The argument that has been opposed to this scenario is that it only applies to the close-in systems and not to the farthest ones for which the tidal effect is too weak. Using the catalog of KOI of the Kepler mission, we show that the distributions of period ratio among the most close-in planetary systems and the farthest ones differ significantly. This distance dependent repartition is a strong argument in favor of the tidal dissipation scenario.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publication
Gravitational spin Hamiltonians from the S matrix
Creators: name: Vaidya, Varun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize generalized unitarity and recursion relations combined with effective field theory(EFT) techniques to compute spin dependent interaction terms for inspiralling binary systems in the post newtonian(PN) approximation. Using these methods offers great computational advantage over traditional techniques involving feynman diagrams, especially at higher orders in the PN expansion. As a specific example, we reproduce the spin-orbit interaction up to 2.5 PN order as also the leading order $S^2$(3PN) hamiltonian for an arbitrary massive object. We also obtain the unknown $S^3$(3.5PN) spin hamiltonian for an arbitrary massive object in terms of its low frequency linear response to gravitational perturbations, which was till now known only for a black hole. Furthermore, we derive the missing $S^4$ Hamiltonian at leading order(4PN) for an arbitrary massive object and establish that a minimal coupling of a massive elementary particle to gravity leads to a black hole structure. Finally, the Kerr metric is obtained as a series in $G_N$ by comparing the action of a test particle in the vicinity of a spinning black hole to the derived potential.
description: version2, typos fixed, references added, results unchanged
Asymptotics with a positive cosmological constant: I. Basic framework
Creators: name: Ashtekar, Abhay
name: Bonga, Beatrice
name: Kesavan, Aruna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic structure of the gravitational field of isolated systems has been analyzed in great detail in the case when the cosmological constant $Λ$ is zero. The resulting framework lies at the foundation of research in diverse areas in gravitational science. Examples include: i) positive energy theorems in geometric analysis; ii) the coordinate invariant characterization of gravitational waves in full, non-linear general relativity; iii) computations of the energy-momentum emission in gravitational collapse and binary mergers in numerical relativity and relativistic astrophysics; and iv) constructions of asymptotic Hilbert spaces to calculate $S$-matrices and analyze the issue of information loss in the quantum evaporation of black holes. However, by now observations have established that $Λ$ is positive in our universe. In this paper we show that, unfortunately, the standard framework does not extend from the $Λ=0$ case to the $Λ>0$ case in a physically useful manner. In particular, we do not have positive energy theorems, nor an invariant notion of gravitational waves in the non-linear regime, nor asymptotic Hilbert spaces in dynamical situations of semi-classical gravity. A suitable framework to address these conceptual issues of direct physical importance is developed in subsequent papers.
description: 42 pges, 5 figures; Several references were added. Version to appear in CQG
title: Das sozialistische Erbe: eine Erklärung für niedrige Vertrauenswerte?
Creators: name: Kvir, Nikita
Year: 2023

description: Das politische Vertrauen in ein politisches Regime trägt zu dessen Stabilität und Fortbestand bei. Im postsozialistischen Europa ist aber das politische Misstrauen verbreitet und trägt zum Wahlerfolg rechtspopulistischer Akteur:innen bei. Ist das politische Misstrauen gegenüber den Institutionen des post-autoritären, demokratischen Regimes ‚angelernt‘ und als solches ein bleibendes Erbe des früheren autoritären Regimes, oder repräsentieren niedrige Vertrauenswerte nur eine mäßige Zufriedenheit mit der Performanz der politischen Amtsträger:innen? Die Literatur kennt beide Erklärungen. Mit Hilfe statistischer Analysen wird diese Arbeit zeigen, dass die Sozialisation im früheren polnischen und ungarischen Regime in nur einem geringfügigen und uneindeutigen Zusammenhang mit dem politischen Vertrauen in das demokratische Regime steht. Bei dem politischen Misstrauen handelt es sich vielmehr um einen Ausdruck der mangelnden Unterstützung gegenüber der amtierenden Regierungen handelt.
description: Political trust in a political regime contributes to its stability and persistence. In post-socialist Europe, however, political mistrust is widespread and contributes to electoral success of right-wing populist actors. Is political mistrust vis-a-vis the institutions of a post-authoritarian, democratic regime ‘learned’ and as such a lasting legacy of the former authoritarian regime? Or does low trust represent a modest satisfaction with the performance of political incumbents? Both explanations are known to literature. Through the means of statistical analysis this paper will show that the socialization in the former Polish and Hungarian regime is related to political trust in the democratic regime in an ambiguous, negligible way only. Political mistrust is more of an expression of lacking support towards the incumbent governments.
Testing CMB polarization data using position angles
Creators: name: Preece, Michael
name: Battye, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a novel null test for contamination which can be applied to CMB polarization data that involves analysis of the statistics of the polarization position angles. Specifically, we will concentrate on using histograms of the measured position angles to illustrate the idea. Such a test has been used to identify systematics in the NVSS point source catalogue with an amplitude well below the noise level. We explore the statistical properties of polarization angles in CMB maps. If the polarization angle is not correlated between pixels, then the errors follow a simple $\sqrt{N_{pix}}$ law. However this is typically not the case for CMB maps since these have correlations which result in an increase in the variance since the effective number of independent pixels is reduced. Then we illustrate how certain classes of systematic errors can result in very obvious patterns in these histograms, and thus that these errors could possibly be identified using this method. We discuss how this idea might be applied in a realistic context, and make a preliminary analysis of the WMAP7 data, finding evidence of a systematic error in the Q and W band data, consistent with a constant offset in Q and U.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Constitutively Active Rap2 Transgenic Mice Display Fewer Dendritic Spines, Reduced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling, Enhanced Long-Term Depression, and Impaired Spatial Learning and Fear Extinction
Creators: name: Sheng, M.
name: Futai, K.
name: Weinberg, R.
name: Ryu, J.
name: Feliu, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Within the Ras superfamily of GTPases, Rap1 and Rap2 are the closest homologs to Ras. In non-neural cells, Rap signaling can antagonize Ras signaling. In neurons, Rap also seems to oppose Ras in terms of synaptic function. Whereas Ras is critical for long-term potentiation (LTP), Rap1 has been shown to be required for long-term depression (LTD), and Rap2 has been implicated in depotentiation. Moreover, active Rap1 and Rap2 cause loss of surface AMPA receptors and reduced miniature EPSC amplitude and frequency in cultured neurons. The role of Rap signaling in vivo, however, remains poorly understood. To study the function of Rap2 in the brain and in behavior, we created transgenic mice expressing either constitutively active (Rap2V12) or dominant-negative (Rap2N17) mutants of Rap2 in postnatal forebrain. Multiple lines of Rap2N17 mice showed only weak expression of the transgenic protein, and no phenotype was observed. Rap2V12 mice displayed fewer and shorter dendritic spines in CA1 hippocampal neurons, and enhanced LTD at CA3–CA1 synapses. Behaviorally, Rap2V12 mice showed impaired spatial learning and defective extinction of contextual fear, which correlated with reduced basal phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and blunted activation of ERK during fear extinction training. Our data support the idea that Rap2 opposes Ras–ERK signaling in the brain, thereby inhibiting dendritic spine development/maintenance, promoting synaptic depression rather than LTP, and impairing learning. The findings also implicate Rap2 signaling in fear extinction mechanisms, which are thought to be aberrant in anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase Activation During Natural Reward Learning: A Physiological Role for Phasic Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine?
Creators: name: Day, J. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The ability to learn from and act on reward-associated cues is a critical component of foraging behavior and, ultimately, survival. In addition to serving as a means by which future rewards can be predicted, conditioned stimuli can convey information about the size, delay, location, desirability,
Effect of glass powder on the rheological and mechanical properties of slag-based mechanochemical activation geopolymer grout
Creators: name: Abed, Mukhtar Hamid
name: Abbas, Israa Sabbar
name: Canakci, Hanifi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This article discusses the effects of glass powder (GP) replacements and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) molarity on the rheological, fresh, mechanical and microstructure characteristics of slag-based mechanochemical geopolymer (MG) grout. A conventionally activated geopolymer grout and an ordinary Portland cement (OPC) grout were also investigated for comparison. Four glass powder replacement ratios were used (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by the total precursor weight) to prepare slag-based mechanochemical geopolymer at three NaOH concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 3.75 molars). The experimental results showed that the rheological behaviour of MG grouts was considerably reduced, whereas the setting time and the bleeding capacity value increased when slag was substituted with 0%–30% GP. However, after 28 days, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) improved by 2%–13% when 10%–20% GP was used as a slag replacement, then dropped by 4% when 30% GP was substituted. The results confirmed that both geopolymer grouts irrespective of the activation method had shorter setting time and more stable bleeding capacity than OPC grout. The results also revealed that the UCS of geopolymer grout is enhanced by 18% when the source materials are activated by the mechanochemical method compared to the conventional activation of geopolymer grout. The microstructure results revealed that the activation method had a considerable effect on the microstructure of geopolymer grout because the ball milling process increased the surface area and reduced the particle size of slag compared to conventionally activated geopolymer grout.
Loss of IP3 Receptor-Dependent Ca2+ Increases in Hippocampal Astrocytes Does Not Affect Baseline CA1 Pyramidal Neuron Synaptic Activity
Creators: name: Fiacco, T. A.
name: Petravicz, J.
name: McCarthy, K. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Astrocytes in the hippocampus release calcium (Ca2+) from intracellular stores intrinsically and in response to activation of Gq-linked G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) through the binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) to its receptor (IP3R). Astrocyte Ca2+ has been deemed necessary and sufficient to trigger the release of gliotransmitters, such as ATP and glutamate, from astrocytes to modulate neuronal activity. Several lines of evidence suggest that IP3R Type 2 (IP3R2) is the primary IP3R expressed by astrocytes. In order to determine if IP3R2 is the primary functional IP3R responsible for astrocytic Ca2+ increases, we conducted experiments using an IP3R2 knockout mouse model (IP3R2 KO). We show for the first time that lack of IP3R2 blocks both spontaneous and Gq-linked GPCR mediated increases in astrocyte Ca2+. Furthermore, neuronal Gq-linked GPCR Ca2+ increases remain intact, suggesting that IP3R2 does not play a major functional role in neuronal calcium store release or may not be expressed in neurons. Additionally, we show that lack of IP3R2 in the hippocampus does not affect baseline excitatory neuronal synaptic activity as measured by spontaneous EPSC (sEPSC) recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons. Whole cell recordings of the tonic NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) mediated current indicates that ambient glutamate levels are also unaffected in the IP3R2 KO. These data show that IP3R2 is the key functional IP3R driving Gq-linked GPCR mediated Ca2+ increases in hippocampal astrocytes and that removal of astrocyte Ca2+ increases does not significantly affect excitatory neuronal synaptic activity or ambient glutamate levels.
Statistics of Extreme Turbulent Circulation Events from Multifractality Breaking
Creators: name: Moriconi, L.
name: Pereira, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent numerical explorations of extremely intense circulation fluctuations at high Reynolds number flows have brought to light novel aspects of turbulent intermittency. Vortex gas modeling ideas, introduced alongside such developments, have led to accurate descriptions of the core and the intermediate tails of circulation probability distribution functions (cPDFs), as well as the scaling exponents associated to statistical moments of circulation. We extend the predictive reach of the vortex gas picture of turbulence, by emphasizing that multifractality breaking, one of its salient phenomenological ingredients, is the key concept to disclose the asymptotic form of cPDF tails. A remarkable analytical agreement is found with previous results derived within the framework of the instanton approach to circulation intermittency.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Metastability, Spectra, and Eigencurrents of the Lennard-Jones-38 Network
Creators: name: Cameron, Maria K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J28

description: We develop computational tools for spectral analysis of stochastic networks representing energy landscapes of atomic and molecular clusters. Physical meaning and some properties of eigenvalues, left and right eigenvectors, and eigencurrents are discussed. We propose an approach to compute a collection of eigenpairs and corresponding eigencurrents describing the most important relaxation processes taking place in the system on its way to the equilibrium. It is suitable for large and complex stochastic networks where pairwise transition rates, given by the Arrhenius law, vary by orders of magnitude. The proposed methodology is applied to the network representing the Lennard-Jones-38 cluster created by Wales's group. Its energy landscape has a double funnel structure with a deep and narrow face-centered cubic funnel and a shallower and wider icosahedral funnel. Contrary to the expectations, there is no appreciable spectral gap separating the eigenvalue corresponding to the escape from the icosahedral funnel. We provide a detailed description of the escape process from the icosahedral funnel using the eigencurrent and demonstrate a superexponential growth of the corresponding eigenvalue. The proposed spectral approach is compared to the methodology of the Transition Path Theory. Finally, we discuss whether the Lennard-Jones-38 cluster is metastable from the points of view of a mathematician and a chemical physicist, and make a connection with experimental works.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Temporal Analysis of Transaction Ego Networks with Different Labels on Ethereum
Creators: name: Huang, Baoying
name: Liu, Jieli
name: Wu, Jiajing
name: Li, Quanzhong
name: Lin, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the widespread use of smart contracts, Ethereum has become the second-largest blockchain platform after Bitcoin. Many different types of Ethereum accounts (ICO, Mining, Gambling, etc.) also have quite active trading activities on Ethereum. Studying the transaction records of these specific Ethereum accounts is very important for understanding their particular transaction characteristics, and further labeling the pseudonymous accounts. However, traditional methods are generally based on static and global transaction networks to conduct research, ignoring useful information about dynamic changes. Our work chooses six kinds of important account labels, and builds ego networks for each kind of Ethereum account. We focus on the interaction between the target node and neighbor nodes with temporal analysis. Experiments show that there is a significant difference between various types of accounts in terms of several network features, helping us better understand their transaction patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze the dynamic characteristics of Ethereum labeled accounts from the perspective of transaction ego networks.
Approximate solutions for robust multiobjective optimization programming in Asplund spaces
Creators: name: Saadati, Maryam
name: Oveisiha, Morteza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study a nonsmooth/nonconvex multiobjective optimization problem with uncertain constraints in arbitrary Asplund spaces. We first provide necessary optimality condition in a fuzzy form for approximate weakly robust efficient solutions and then establish necessary optimality theorem for approximate weakly robust quasi-efficient solutions of the problem in the sense of the limiting subdifferential by exploiting a fuzzy optimality condition in terms of the Frechet subdifferential. Sufficient conditions for approximate (weakly) robust quasi-efficient solutions to such a problem are also driven under the new concept of generalized pseudo convex functions. Finally, we address an approximate Mond-Weir-type dual robust problem to the reference problem and explore weak, strong, and converse duality properties under assumptions of pseudo convexity.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.14366
Random-field-induced order in bosonic t-J model
Creators: name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Mori, Takamasa
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, we shall study effect of a random quenched external field for spin order and also multiple Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). This system is realized by the cold atomic gases in an optical lattice. In particular, we are interested in the strong-repulsion region of two-component gases for which the bosonic t-J model is a good effective model. In the bosonic t-J model, a long-range order of the pseudo-spin and also BEC of atoms appear quite naturally as in the fermion t-J model for the high-temperature superconducting materials. Random Raman scattering between two internal states of a single atom plays a role of the random external field, and we study its effects on the pseudo-spin order and the BEC by means of quantum Monte-Carlo simulations. The random external field breaks a continuous U(1) symmetry existing in the original bosonic t-J model and it induces new orders named random-field-induced order (RFIO). We show a phase diagram of the bosonic t-J model with the random external magnetic field and study the robustness of the RFIO states. We also study topological excitations like vortices and domain wall in the RFIO state. Finally we point out the possibility of a quantum bit by the RFIO.
description: Version to appear in New J. Phys
Higgs Production and Decay in Models of a Warped Extra Dimension with a Bulk Higgs
Creators: name: Archer, Paul R.
name: Carena, Marcela
name: Carmona, Adrian
name: Neubert, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warped extra-dimension models in which the Higgs boson is allowed to propagate in the bulk of a compact AdS$_5$ space are conjectured to be dual to models featuring a partially composite Higgs boson. They offer a framework with which to investigate the implications of changing the scaling dimension of the Higgs operator, which can be used to reduce the constraints from electroweak precision data. In the context of such models, we calculate the cross section for Higgs production in gluon fusion and the $H\toγγ$ decay rate and show that they are finite (at one-loop order) as a consequence of gauge invariance. The extended scalar sector comprising the Kaluza-Klein excitations of the Standard Model scalars is constructed in detail. The largest effects are due to virtual KK fermions, whose contributions to the cross section and decay rate introduce a quadratic sensitivity to the maximum allowed value $y_\ast$ of the random complex entries of the 5D anarchic Yukawa matrices. We find an enhancement of the gluon-fusion cross section and a reduction of the $H\toγγ$ rate as well as of the tree-level Higgs couplings to fermions and electroweak gauge bosons. We perform a detailed study of the correlated signal strengths for different production mechanisms and decay channels as functions of $y_\ast$, the mass scale of Kaluza-Klein resonances and the scaling dimension of the composite Higgs operator.
description: 56 pages, 13 figures; v2; references added; matches published version in JHEP
title: Digitale Innovationen im Gesundheitswesen in Kasachstan
Creators: name: Alimkhanova, Dayana
Year: 2022

description: In der vorliegenden Masterarbeit werden digitale Innovationen am Beispiel der Damumed-Plattform im Gesundheitswesen der Republik Kasachstan betrachtet, die von PatientInnen, medizinischen Einrichtungen und Gesundheitsbehörden aktiv genutzt werden. Digitale Innovation als Entwicklungsinstrument hat meist nur ein positives Oberflächenbild oder wird allgemein wenig erforscht. Diese Forschung ist von großer Bedeutung, um das Innovationspotenzial der Entwicklungsländer und die tatsächlichen Auswirkungen digitaler Innovationen auf das Gesundheitswesen zu verstehen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Besonderheiten und Effekte der Anwendung von Damumed als digitale Innovation und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung und Verbesserung des Gesundheitssystems zu identifizieren. Hierzu ist die folgende wissenschaftliche Fragestellung leitend: Welche Auswirkungen hat die Anwendung der digitalen Damumed-Plattform im allgemeinen Krankenhaus Nr. 4 in Almaty, und was bedeutet digitale Innovation für das kasachische Gesundheitssystem? Um diese wissenschaftliche Frage beantworten zu können, wird eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse durchgeführt, die auf offenen und teilstrukturierten Interviews basiert. Als Grundlage für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit dienen bereits bekannte Forschungen im Bereich Digital Innovation, Digital Innovation im Gesundheitswesen sowie die Strategien verschiedener NGOs, die eingehend betrachtet und zu einem Ganzen zusammengefügt werden. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass digitale Innovationen wie Damumed eine Reihe von Vorteilen für alle Parteien mit sich bringen, die eine effizientere medizinische Versorgung ermöglichen, die Arbeit für das medizinische Personal vereinfachen und Transparenz im Management schaffen. Es wurde eine Reihe von Auslassungen identifiziert, die alle Nutzer von Damumed beeinflussen. Gleichzeitig wurden zahlreiche Versäumnisse festgestellt, die alle Nutzer von Damumed betreffen. Generell lässt sich sagen, dass digitale Innovation ein gutes Instrument für die Entwicklung des Gesundheitssystems ist, aber auch (gravierende) systemische Lücken in der Gesundheitsversorgung aufdeckt.
Molecular Specification and Patterning of Progenitor Cells in the Lateral and Medial Ganglionic Eminences
Creators: name: Gopalakrishna, D.
name: Vernon, M.
name: Polleux, F.
name: Tucker, E. S.
name: Wu, Y.
name: LaMantia, A.-S.
name: Segall, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We characterized intrinsic and extrinsic specification of progenitors in the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences (LGE and MGE). We identified seven genes whose expression is enriched or restricted in either the LGE: Boc, Fzd8, Ankrd43 and Ikzf1, or MGE: Mbip, Zswim5, and Adamts5. Boc, Fzd8, Mbip and Zswim5 are apparently expressed in LGE or MGE progenitors, while the remaining three are seen in the post-mitotic mantle zone. Relative expression levels are altered and regional distinctions are lost for each gene in LGE or MGE cells propagated as neurospheres; indicating that these newly identified molecular characteristics of LGE or MGE progenitors depend upon forebrain signals not available in the neurosphere assay. Analyses of Pax6Sey/Sey, Shh−/−, and Gli3XtJ/XtJ mutants suggests that LGE and MGE progenitor identity does not rely exclusively upon previously established forebrain-intrinsic patterning mechanisms. Among a limited number of additional potential patterning mechanisms, we found that extrinsic signals from the frontonasal mesenchyme are essential for Shh and Fgf8-dependent regulation of LGE and MGE genes. Thus, extrinsic and intrinsic forebrain patterning mechanisms cooperate to establish LGE and MGE progenitor identity, and presumably their capacities to generate distinct classes of neuronal progeny.
Top-quark charge asymmetry and polarization in $t\bar{t}W^\pm$ production at the LHC
Creators: name: Maltoni, F.
name: Mangano, M. L.
name: Tsinikos, I.
name: Zaro, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the charge asymmetry between the $t$ and $\bar t$ quark at the LHC, when they are produced in association with a $W$ boson. Though sizably reducing the cross section with respect to the inclusive production, requiring a $W$ boson in the final state has two important implications. First, at leading order in QCD, $t \bar t W^{\pm}$ production can only occur via $q \bar q$ annihilation. As a result, the asymmetry between the $t$ and $\bar t$ generated at NLO in QCD is significantly larger than that of inclusive $t \bar t$ production, which is dominated by gluon fusion. Second, the top quarks tend to inherit the polarization of the initial-state quarks as induced by the $W$-boson emission. Hence, the decay products of the top quarks display a sizable asymmetry already at the leading order in QCD. We study the relevant distributions and their uncertainties in the standard model, compare them to those obtained in a simple axigluon model and discuss prospects for measurements at the LHC and beyond.
description: 11 pages (with figures), version accepted by PLB for publication
Ausleih- und Bestandsabfragen für die Fachreferatsarbeit an der Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin
Creators: name: Golas, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: statistische Abfrage
subject: cloudbasiertes Bibliotheksmanagementsystem
subject: Alma
subject: Fachreferent
subject: Business Intelligence
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Nach der Einführung des cloudbasierten Bibliotheksmanagementsystems Alma an der Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin mussten die statistische Abfragen im System neu implementiert werden. Diese Arbeit fokussiert auf die Umsetzung der Wünsche der Fachreferentinnen, deren Bedarfe an Ausleih- und Bestandsabfragen durch Experteninterviews evaluiert werden. Eine Priorisierung der gewünschten Ergebnisse führt zur Auswahl von sechs Abfragen, die anschließend implementiert werden. Bei der Umsetzung wurden vor allem die Möglichkeiten der Business-Intelligence-Umgebung Alma Analytics genutzt. Die analysierten Daten beschränken sich dabei auf interne Daten aus dem Bibliotheksmanagementsystem Alma. Das Ziel dieser Analysen ist kein Benchmark zum Vergleich mit anderen Abteilungen oder Bibliotheken, sondern die Unterstützung der Fachreferentinnen bei ihren täglichen Entscheidungen.
On Augmentation Algorithms for Linear and Integer-Linear Programming: From Edmonds-Karp to Bland and Beyond
Creators: name: De Loera, Jesus A.
name: Hemmecke, Raymond
name: Lee, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C10 (Primary), 65K05 (Secondary), 90C05, 52B55

description: Motivated by Bland's linear-programming generalization of the renowned Edmonds-Karp efficient refinement of the Ford-Fulkerson maximum-flow algorithm, we discuss three closely-related natural augmentation rules for linear and integer-linear optimization. In several nice situations, we show that polynomially-many augmentation steps suffice to reach an optimum. In particular, when using "discrete steepest-descent augmentations" (i.e., directions with the best ratio of cost improvement per unit 1-norm length), we show that the number of augmentation steps is bounded by the number of elements in the Graver basis of the problem matrix, giving the first ever strongly polynomial-time algorithm for $N$-fold integer-linear optimization. Our results also improve on what is known for such algorithms in the context of linear optimization (e.g., generalizing the bounds of Kitahara and Mizuno for the number of steps in the simplex method) and are closely related to research on the diameters of polytopes and the search for a strongly polynomial-time simplex or augmentation algorithm.
Organization of the Arp2/3 Complex in Hippocampal Spines
Creators: name: Racz, B.
name: Weinberg, R. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Changes in the morphology of a dendritic spine require remodeling of its actin-based cytoskeleton. Biochemical mechanisms underlying actin remodeling have been studied extensively, but little is known about the physical organization of the actin-binding proteins that mediate remodeling in spines. Long-term potentiation-inducing stimuli trigger expansion of the spine head, suggesting local extension and branching of actin filaments. Because filament branching requires the Arp2/3 complex, we used quantitative immunoelectron microscopy to elucidate the organization of ARPC-2 (Arp2/3 complex subunit 2), an essential component of the complex. Our data from CA1 hippocampus indicate that Arp2/3 concentrates within spines in a previously unrecognized torroidal domain, apparently specialized to mediate actin filament branching.
Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of semiconductor detectors
Creators: name: Gajewski, Herbert
name: Kaiser, Hans-Christoph
name: Langmach, Hartmut
name: Nürnberg, Reiner
name: Richter, Rainer H.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: semiconductor device simulation
subject: reaction-diffusion systems
subject: asymptotic behavior
subject: time and 3d-space discretization
subject: software design
subject: x-ray pixel detector
subject: DEPFET
subject: DEPMOS
subject: 65M60
subject: 35K57
subject: 35B40
subject: 65M12
subject: 85.60.Gz
subject: 07.85.Fv
subject: 95.55.Ka

description: We report on a system of nonlinear partial differential equations describing signal conversion and amplification in semiconductor detectors. We explain the main ideas governing the numerical treatment of this system as they are implemented in our code WIAS-TeSCA. This software package has been used by the MPI Semiconductor Laboratory for numerical simulation of innovative radiation detectors. We present some simulation results focussing on three-dimensional effects in X-ray detectors for satellite missions.
Preferential Enhancement of Dopamine Transmission within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell by Cocaine Is Attributable to a Direct Increase in Phasic Dopamine Release Events
Creators: name: Cleaveland, N. A.
name: Wightman, R. M.
name: Carelli, R. M.
name: Day, J. J.
name: Stuber, G. D.
name: Aragona, B. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Preferential enhancement of dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is a fundamental aspect of the neural regulation of cocaine reward. Despite its importance, the nature of this effect is poorly understood. Here, we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to examine specific transmission processes underlying cocaine-evoked increases in dopamine transmission within the NAc core and shell. Initially, we examined altered terminal dopamine concentrations following global autoreceptor blockade. This was the first examination of autoreceptor regulation of naturally occurring phasic dopamine transmission and provided a novel characterization of specific components of dopamine neurotransmission. Comparison of increased dopamine signaling evoked by autoreceptor blockade and cocaine administration allowed robust resolution between increased frequency, concentration, and duration of phasic dopamine release events following cocaine delivery. Cocaine increased dopamine transmission by slowed uptake and increased concentration of dopamine released in the core and shell. However, an additional increase in the number phasic release events occurred only within the NAc shell and this increase was eliminated by inactivation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. This represents the first evidence that cocaine directly increases the frequency of dopamine release events and reveals that this is responsible for preferentially increased dopamine transmission within the NAc shell following cocaine administration. Additionally, cocaine administration resulted in a synergistic increase in dopamine concentration and sub-region differences were abolished when cocaine was administered in the absence of autoregulation. Together, these results demonstrate that cocaine administration results in a temporally and regionally specific increase in phasic dopamine release that is significantly regulated by dopamine autoreceptors.
Sleep Deprivation Effects on Circadian Clock Gene Expression in the Cerebral Cortex Parallel Electroencephalographic Differences among Mouse Strains
Creators: name: Kilduff, T. S.
name: Gerashchenko, D.
name: Pasumarthi, R. K.
name: Sancar, A.
name: Lein, E. S.
name: Pathak, S.
name: Franken, P.
name: Thompson, C. L.
name: Wisor, J. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Sleep deprivation (SD) results in increased electroencephalographic (EEG) delta power during subsequent non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and is associated with changes in the expression of circadian clock-related genes in the cerebral cortex (Cx). The increase of NREMS delta power as a function of prior wake duration varies among inbred mouse strains. We sought to determine whether SD-dependent changes in circadian clock gene expression parallel this strain difference previously described at the EEG level. The effects of enforced wakefulness of incremental durations of up to 6 h on the expression of circadian clock genes (bmal1, clock, cry1, cry2, csnk1ε, npas2, per1 and per2) were assessed in AKR/J, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, three strains that exhibit distinct EEG responses to SD. Cortical expression of clock genes subsequent to SD was proportional to the increase in delta power that occurs in inbred strains: the strain that exhibits the most robust EEG response to SD (AKR/J) exhibited dramatic increases in expression of bmal1, clock, cry2, csnkIε and npas2 while the strain with the least robust response to SD (DBA/2) exhibited either no change or a decrease in expression of these genes and cry1. The effect of SD on circadian clock gene expression was maintained in mice in which both of the cryptochrome genes were genetically inactivated. Cry1 and cry2 appear to be redundant in sleep regulation as elimination of either of these genes did not result in a significant deficit in sleep homeostasis. These data demonstrate transcriptional regulatory correlates to previously-described strain differences at the EEG level and raise the possibility that genetic differences underlying circadian clock gene expression may drive the EEG differences among these strains.
Flow instabilities in granular media due to porosity inhomogeneities
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Theo
name: Wilmański, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Piping
subject: channeling
subject: flow instability in granular materials (fluidization)
subject: multicomponent model of saturated soils
subject: 86-99
subject: 76E20
subject: 73Q05
subject: 76S05
subject: 76T05

description: The paper concerns a theoretical description of the piping phenomenon appearing in saturated sands at high filtration velocities. Motivated by own experiments we propose a thermodynamical two component model which accounts for a threshold effect at a critical value of the relative velocity of components. This property is incorporated in the source term of momentum balance equations by means of a nonlinear contribution accounting for spatial variations of the porosity. We prove the thermodynamical admissibility of such a model. By means of a linear stability analysis we show the existence of the onse of instability for realistic values of material parameters gained from experiments.
Observation of an electron band above the Fermi level in FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$ from \emph{in-situ} surface doping
Creators: name: Zhang, P.
name: Richard, P.
name: Xu, N.
name: Xu, Y. -M.
name: Ma, J.
name: Qian, T.
name: Fedorov, A. V.
name: Denlinger, J. D.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used \emph{in-situ} potassium (K) evaporation to dope the surface of the iron-based superconductor FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$. The systematic study of the bands near the Fermi level confirms that electrons are doped into the system, allowing us to tune the Fermi level of this material and to access otherwise unoccupied electronic states. In particular, we observe an electron band located above the Fermi level before doping that shares similarities with a small three-dimensional pocket observed in the cousin, heavily-electron-doped KFe$_{2-x}$Se$_2$ compound.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Figures 1 and 2 modified