cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SsCyp86 modulates Sporisorium scitamineum mating/filamentation and pathogenicity through regulating fatty acid metabolism
Creators: name: Cai, Enping
name: Deng, Jiaru
name: Feng, Ruqing
name: Zheng, Wenqiang
name: Wang, Yifang
name: Yan, Meixin
name: Chang, Changqing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Fatty acid metabolism constitutes a significant and intricate biochemical process within microorganisms. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are found in most organisms and occupy a pivotal position in the metabolism of fatty acids. However, the role of CYP450 enzyme mediated fatty acid metabolism in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi remains unclear. In this study, a CYP450 enzyme-encoding gene, SsCYP86, was identified in the sugarcane smut fungus Sporisorium scitamineum and its functions were characterized using a target gene homologous recombination strategy and metabonomics. We found that the expression of SsCYP86 was induced by or sugarcane wax or under the condition of mating/filamentation. Sexual reproduction assay demonstrated that the SsCYP86 deletion mutant was defective in mating/filamentation and significantly reduced its pathogenicity. Further fatty acid metabolomic analysis unravelled the levels of fatty acid metabolites were reduced in the SsCYP86 deletion mutant. Exogenous addition of fatty acid metabolites cis-11-eicosenoic acid (C20:1N9), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), and linolenic acid (C18:3N3) partially restored the mating/filamentation ability of the SsCYP86 deletion mutant and restored the transcriptional level of the SsPRF1, a pheromone response transcription factor that is typically down-regulated in the absence of SsCYP86. Moreover, the constitutive expression of SsPRF1 in the SsCYP86 deletion mutant restored its mating/filamentation. Our results indicated that SsCyp86 modulates the SsPRF1 transcription by fatty acid metabolism, and thereby regulate the sexual reproduction of S. scitamineum. These findings provide insights into how CYPs regulate sexual reproduction in S. scitamineum.
Effects of hormones on potential difference and liquid balance across explants from proximal and distal fetal rat lung.
Creators: name: Krochmal-Mokrzan, E M
name: Gatzy, J T
name: Barker, P M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: 1. Fetal rat tracheas and lung buds form liquid-filled cysts in submersion culture. The volume that accumulates in cysts is driven by active Cl- secretion. 2. We examined the effects, on these explants, of hormones that induce liquid absorption by fetal sheep lung in vivo. Explants were impaled with microelectrodes to measure potential difference (PD). Liquid was estimated from explant weight. 3. Water/dry weight ratio of lung buds and tracheas after 8 days in culture averaged 12 and 22. Exposure of triiodothyronine (T3) and hydrocortisone (HC) followed by a physiological dose of adrenaline on day 7 for 24 h or by a maximal dose of terbutaline on day 8 for 4 h induced a 35% decrease in water/dry weight ratio of distal buds but not tracheas. No hormone, or combination of two hormones, affected the ratio for tracheas or lung buds. 4. Basal PDs of tracheas (18.9 mV) and lung buds (3.7 mV) were increased about 50% by terbutaline. The terbutaline response was inhibited by bumetanide, but not by amiloride injected into the cysts. 5. T3 and HC pretreatment reduced basal PD by one-third. Subsequent exposure to terbutaline raised the PD of hormone-pretreated lung buds by more than 150%, a response that was blocked by amiloride, but was antagonized minimally by bumetanide. Responses of hormone-pretreated tracheas were not different from those of untreated tracheas. 6. We conclude that: (a) absorption of liquid from lung buds is driven by an amiloride-sensitive process (active Na+ transport?) and (b) only distal lung contributes to the adrenaline-sensitive reabsorptive process required for perinatal adaptation to air breathing.
Guanine nucleotide binding proteins mediate D2 dopamine receptor activation of a potassium channel in rat lactotrophs.
Creators: name: Einhorn, L C
name: Oxford, G S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: 1. The involvement of guanine nucleotide binding proteins in the coupling of D2 dopamine (DA) receptors to single potassium channels was examined in rat pituitary lactotrophs. 2. Lactotrophs were unambiguously identified by the reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) and membrane potentials, whole-cell and single channel currents recorded using patch electrode methods. 3. DA or the D2 selective agonist, quinpirole, induced the opening of single K+ channels in cell-attached patches underlying robust hyperpolarizations of membrane potential in single cells. 4. Both whole-cell and single channel responses were independent of Ca2+ or cAMP concentrations. 5. Pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment (50-250 ng/ml, 6-12 h) blocked the action of DA on lactotroph membrane potential and uncoupled D2 receptors from single K+ channels in cell-attached patches. 6. Internal dialysis with GDP beta S (guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) greatly reduced whole-cell responses to DA in a dose-dependent manner. 7. Internal dialysis of lactotrophs with GTP gamma S (guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) potentiated DA responses in a dose-dependent manner while rendering the responses irreversible at higher doses. 8. DA (100 nM) or quinpirole (10 microM) activated K+ channels in excised outside-out membrane patches that were identical to those identified in cell-attached patches in terms of conductance and gating kinetics. 9. It is proposed that D2 receptors are coupled to non-voltage-dependent K+ channels by G proteins of the Gi/Go class and that this coupling is via a direct, membrane delimited pathway.
Secondary Frequency and Voltage Control of Islanded Microgrids via Distributed Averaging
Creators: name: Simpson-Porco, John W.
name: Shafiee, Qobad
name: Dorfler, Florian
name: Vasquez, Juan C.
name: Guerrero, Josep M.
name: Bullo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we present new distributed controllers for secondary frequency and voltage control in islanded microgrids. Inspired by techniques from cooperative control, the proposed controllers use localized information and nearest-neighbor communication to collectively perform secondary control actions. The frequency controller rapidly regulates the microgrid frequency to its nominal value while maintaining active power sharing among the distributed generators. Tuning of the voltage controller provides a simple and intuitive trade-off between the conflicting goals of voltage regulation and reactive power sharing. Our designs require no knowledge of the microgrid topology, impedances or loads. The distributed architecture allows for flexibility and redundancy, and eliminates the need for a central microgrid controller. We provide a voltage stability analysis and present extensive experimental results validating our designs, verifying robust performance under communication failure and during plug-and-play operation.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
(110) Agnes Campbell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
SsCyp86 modulates sporisorium scitamineum mating/filamentation and pathogenicity through regulating fatty acid metabolism
Creators: name: Cai, Enping
name: Deng, Jiaru
name: Feng, Ruqing
name: Zheng, Wenqiang
name: Wang, Yifang
name: Yan, Meixin
name: Chang, Changqing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Fatty acid metabolism constitutes a significant and intricate biochemical process within microorganisms. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are found in most organisms and occupy a pivotal position in the metabolism of fatty acids. However, the role of CYP450 enzyme mediated fatty acid metabolism in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi remains unclear. In this study, a CYP450 enzyme-encoding gene, SsCYP86, was identified in the sugarcane smut fungus Sporisorium scitamineum and its functions were characterized using a target gene homologous recombination strategy and metabonomics. We found that the expression of SsCYP86 was induced by or sugarcane wax or under the condition of mating/filamentation. Sexual reproduction assay demonstrated that the SsCYP86 deletion mutant was defective in mating/filamentation and significantly reduced its pathogenicity. Further fatty acid metabolomic analysis unravelled the levels of fatty acid metabolites were reduced in the SsCYP86 deletion mutant. Exogenous addition of fatty acid metabolites cis-11-eicosenoic acid (C20:1N9), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), and linolenic acid (C18:3N3) partially restored the mating/filamentation ability of the SsCYP86 deletion mutant and restored the transcriptional level of the SsPRF1, a pheromone response transcription factor that is typically down-regulated in the absence of SsCYP86. Moreover, the constitutive expression of SsPRF1 in the SsCYP86 deletion mutant restored its mating/filamentation. Our results indicated that SsCyp86 modulates the SsPRF1 transcription by fatty acid metabolism, and thereby regulate the sexual reproduction of S. scitamineum. These findings provide insights into how CYPs regulate sexual reproduction in S. scitamineum.
Venezianische Villen und Herrenhäuser auf Kreta
Creators: name: Ottersbach, Christian
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2022

description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 58 Nr. 1 (2017): Burgen und Schlösser. Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Masked corroborees of the northwest - "stand up in my head"
Creators: name: Sweeney, Dominique
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: DU124.R57 S94 2009
subject: Masks Symbolic aspects Australia, Northern
subject: Dance, Aboriginal Australian Australia, Northern
subject: Aboriginal Australians Rites and ceremonies Australia, Northern
subject: Aboriginal Australians Folklore
subject: Australia, Northern

description: In northwest Australia a range of corroborees incorporate the use of masks. These and other performance objects connect bodies to country, cultural knowledge and ancestors. They also reaffirm the political status of people in their country. My thesis is in two parts: making a digital video (DV) about the way these masks come into being and how they are used; and this written thesis analysing the groundwork process involved in making the DV. The Ngarinyin, Narinyman and Worla people of northwest Australia are peoples with whom I have concentrated my research and video documentation concerning the animation of Wunggurr (Rainbow Serpent) and Ngarranggarni, the cosmological entirety, through performance. Masking in these corroborees is a process of manifestation when the boundary between the body of a performer and the landscape/cosmos/ancestor become one. Performances elicit questions about relationships to country, cultural knowledge, and with the dead. Do performances mean the same when performed away from their country of origin at national and international festivals? Are the conceptual categories 'performance' and 'mask' sufficient to describe what is happening in these circumstances? What are the implications for Performance Studies in looking more deeply into these performances? It is through my growing understanding and representation of the contemporary circumstances surrounding the people involved in the creation and preparation of corroborees, that this thesis explores.
Heterogeneity of synaptic glutamate receptors on CA3 stratum radiatum interneurones of rat hippocampus.
Creators: name: Dingledine, R
name: McBain, C J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: 1. Whole-cell recordings were made from interneurones located within CA3 stratum radiatum of neonate rat hippocampal slices. All experiments were performed in the continued presence of tetrodotoxin (1 μM) and bicuculline (5 μM) to permit the isolation of spontaneous miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs). 2. Two distinct populations of interneurones were identified based on current-voltage relations of kainate and the kinetic properties of spontaneous mEPSCs. These cell types were classified as type I and type II interneurones. 3. The I-V relation of kainate in type I cells was linear or modestly outwardly rectifying.1. Whole-cell recordings were made from interneurones located within CA3 stratum radiatum of neonate rat hippocampal slices. All experiments were performed in the continued presence of tetrodotoxin (1 μM) and bicuculline (5 μM) to permit the isolation of spontaneous miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs). 2. Two distinct populations of interneurones were identified based on current-voltage relations of kainate and the kinetic properties of spontaneous mEPSCs. These cell types were classified as type I and type II interneurones. 3. The I-V relation of kainate in type I cells was linear or modestly outwardly rectifying.
In vivo voltammetric measurement of evoked extracellular dopamine in the rat basolateral amygdaloid nucleus.
Creators: name: Wightman, R M
name: Garris, P A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: 1. The in vivo measurement of evoked extracellular dopamine was established in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BAN) using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fibre microelectrodes. 2. The identification of evoked extracellular dopamine in the BAN was based on anatomical, electrochemical and pharmacological criteria. Electrochemical and pharmacological evidence indicated that the species was a catecholamine. Mesencephalic sites eliciting overflow and amygdaloid sites supporting overflow correlated well with the mesoamygdaloid dopamine innervation. 3. Marked differences in the dynamics and magnitude of evoked dopamine overflow were observed in the BAN, caudate-putamen and amygdalo-striatal transition area. The results underscore the importance of making spatially resolved measurements of extracellular dopamine in the amygdala. 4. Mesoamygdaloid dopamine neurons have similar release characteristics as mesostriatal dopamine neurons but share with mesoprefrontal cortical dopamine neurons the ability to use a greater percentage of intraneuronal dopamine stores for release.
Chiral anomaly in Dirac semimetals due to dislocations
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Zubkov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dislocation in Dirac semimetal carries an emergent magnetic flux parallel to the dislocation axis. We show that due to the emergent magnetic field the dislocation accommodates a single fermion massless mode of the corresponding low-energy one-particle Hamiltonian. The mode is propagating along the dislocation with its spin directed parallel to the dislocation axis. In agreement with the chiral anomaly observed in Dirac semimetals, an external electric field results in the spectral flow of the one-particle Hamiltonian, in pumping of the fermionic quasiparticles out from the vacuum, and in creating a nonzero axial (chiral) charge in the vicinity of the dislocation.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
A grammar of Suki, a language of Papua New Guinea
Creators: name: Van Tongeren, Charlotte
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: This is a grammar of Suki, a Trans New Guinea language spoken by approximately 7500 people living in and around a lagoon, close to the Fly River, in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. The data for this grammar was collected during 18 months of fieldwork. Suki has a rich verb morphology. It inflects for up to three arguments and one of 15 tense-aspect-mood-polarity values. Verbs often occur in serialisation. Verbless and copular clauses are also frequently used. Central to the grammar of Suki is the TAMP-particle unit, a paradigm of forms of which one representative is required in every main clause. The TAMP-particle unit is, on the one hand, an information structuring device, and on the other, a marker of tense-aspect-mood-polarity, which interacts with the marking on the verb. Through its omnipresence, it has a structuring role in many of the language's constructions, including clause combining and insubordination.
Burst kinetics of single NMDA receptor currents in cell-attached patches from rat brain cortical neurons in culture.
Creators: name: Pallotta, B S
name: Kleckner, N W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: 1. The patch-clamp technique was used to record single-channel currents from cell-attached patches on rat brain cortical neurons in culture. The composition of the open and shut intervals during bursts of openings was studied in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors exposed to 1 microM NMDA and 10 microM glycine at a membrane potential of -70 mV. 2. Open interval histograms were constructed for openings at each position (first, second, third, etc.) during all bursts. Distributions from openings two to five were fitted with similar (two or three) exponential components. The first opening from all bursts tended to be of shorter duration than the other openings. 3. Bursts were sorted according to the number of openings they contained and duration histograms were obtained for the openings at each position (one to five) during bursts of up to five openings. For bursts containing two or more openings, the distribution of open durations obtained at a given position were similar to each other regardless of the number of openings in the burst. 4. In bursts of two or more openings (up to five), duration histograms from the openings at each position in the burst were fitted with two or three exponential components that were similar for each opening. Bursts consisting of a single opening had a different distribution, having a relatively larger component of short duration. 5. Shut intervals during bursts were described by two exponential components with average time constants (and relative areas) (means +/- S.E.M.) of 0.06 +/- 0.01 ms (0.59 +/- 0.02) and 0.64 +/- 0.02 ms (0.41 +/- 0.02). Their distribution was independent of the numbers of openings in the bursts, their position within the burst, and the types of openings (long or short duration) contained within the burst. 6. These results suggest that each opening in bursts of two or more openings is kinetically similar to every other opening regardless of burst length. Analogously, each shut period during a burst was similar to every other. A kinetic model with three open and four closed intraburst states is shown to be consistent with these results for bursts of two or more openings.
Synaptic input from CA3 pyramidal cells to dentate basket cells in rat hippocampus.
Creators: name: Dingledine, R
name: Kneisler, T B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: 1. Excitatory inputs from CA3 pyramidal cells to dentate basket cells were examined using the whole-cell recording technique in neonatal (10-16 days) rat hippocampal slices to characterize this unexpected feedback pathway. 2. Minimal electrical stimulation of the CA3 pyramidal layer evoked in basket cells short latency (5.2 +/- 0.4 ms) glutamate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) with fast rise times (at -70 mV, 0.9 +/- 0.2 ms), fast decay time constants (3.6 +/- 0.6 ms), and small amplitudes (-14 +/- 3.4 pA). Minimal electrical stimulation evoked monosynaptic EPSCs in only 48 +/- 9.2% of the trials suggesting that the CA3 pyramidal cell to basket cell pathway was unreliable. 3. CA3 pyramidal cell layer stimulation did not antidromically or synaptically activate granule cells but did evoke polysynaptic IPSCs in granule cells, suggesting that the net effect of CA3 pyramidal cell firing on the dentate gyrus was granule cell inhibition. 4. Stimulation of the CA3 pyramidal cell layer evoked both monosynaptic and polysynaptic EPSCs in basket cells, which were eliminated by a knife lesion separating CA3 from the dentate gyrus. The latencies of the EPSCs evoked in 0.6 mM extracellular calcium were the same as the earliest latencies of EPSCs in 1.5 mM calcium, suggesting that those EPSCs were monosynaptic. The polysynaptic input was more prominent in the presence of 10 microM bicuculline, implying that inhibitory GABAergic circuits normally limit this feedback from CA3 to basket cells. 5. In recordings from 103 pairs of CA3 pyramidal cells and dentate basket cells from 11 slices, two polysynaptic connections were found that were active only when the presynaptic CA3 pyramidal neuron fired in bursts. No monosynaptic connections between CA3 pyramidal cells and basket cells were identified indicating that connections between the two cell types may be sparse. 6. Raising the external potassium concentration from 3.5 to 8.5 mM, which elicited burst firing in CA3 pyramidal cells, resulted in a barrage of EPSCs and action potentials in basket cells. In contrast, granule cells neither fired action potentials nor exhibited increased EPSC frequency in elevated potassium but instead received a higher frequency of bicuculline-sensitive IPSCs, consistent with interneuron firing. The CA3 pyramidal cell to basket cell monosynaptic pathway exhibited paired-pulse facilitation as manifested by an increased probability of release, which supports the idea that basket cells were better activated by short trains of action potentials than by single inputs.
Unitary and orthogonal equivalence of sets of matrices
Creators: name: Jing, Naihuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 15A21, Secondary: 15A27

description: Two matrices $A$ and $B$ are called unitary (resp. orthogonal) equivalent if $AU=VB$ for two unitary (resp. orthogonal) matrices $U$ and $V$. Using trace identities, criteria are given for simultaneous unitary, orthogonal or complex orthogonal equivalence between two sets of matrices.
description: 8 pages, 13 refs
Comparing local search paths with global search paths on protein residue networks: allosteric communication
Creators: name: Khor, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Although proteins have been recognized as small-world networks and their small-world network properties of clustering and short paths have been exploited computationally to produce biologically relevant information, they have not been truly explored as such, i.e. as navigable small-world networks in the original spirit of Milgram's work. This research seeks to fill this gap by exploring local search on a network representation of proteins and to probe the source of navigability in proteins. Previously, we confirmed that proteins are navigable small-world networks and observed that local search paths exhibit different characteristics from global search paths. In this paper, we investigate the biological relevance of the differences in path characteristics on a type III receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT). A chief difference that works in favour of local search paths as intra-protein communication pathways is their weaker proclivity, compared to global search paths, for traversing long-range edges. Long-range edges tend to be less stable and their inclusion tends to decrease the communication propensity of a path. The source of protein navigability is traced to clustering provided by short-range edges. The majority of a protein's short-range edges reside within structures deemed important for long-range energy transport and modulation of allosteric communication in proteins. Therefore, the disruption of intra-protein communication as a result of the destruction of these structures via random rewiring is expected. A local search perspective leads us to this expected conclusion while a global search perspective does not. These findings initiate the compilation of a list of path properties that are characteristic of intra-protein pathways and could suggest fresh avenues for evolving and regulating navigable (small-world) networks.
description: 32 pages
(111) James Lamont
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Phase resetting of the respiratory oscillator by carotid sinus nerve stimulation in cats
Creators: name: Paydarfar, David
name: Eldridge, Frederic
name: Paydarfar, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: 1. Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve causes an increase in inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neural activities. If central respiratory oscillation is generated by an attractor-cycle process, an increase in its activity can be caused by a centrifugal perturbation of state. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing the respiratory oscillator's phase responses to carotid sinus nerve stimulations in cats to the phase responses of an attractor-cycle oscillator, the Bonhoeffer-van der Pol (BvP) equations, subjected to centrifugal perturbations. 2. We recorded phrenic activity in seven anaesthetized, vagotomized, glomectomized, paralysed and servo-ventilated cats. Carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation with 0.5-0.8 s electrical pulse trains increased the immediate cycle period and delayed the onset of breaths after stimulation in a highly predictable manner, with the exception that strong stimuli (25 Hz, 0.25-0.90 V) caused unpredictable responses when given at the I-E or the E-I transitions. The resetting plots exhibited focal gaps corresponding to these unpredictable responses, and the size of the gaps increased with increases in the strength of CSN stimulation. Type 0 resetting was not achieved despite the large perturbations in rhythm induced by CSN stimulation. 3. Centrifugal perturbations of the BvP oscillator resulted in phase responses which were similar to those found in the animal experiments. The BvP cycle had two critical phases at which phase resetting was highly irregular and neighbouring state trajectories were highly divergent. The resetting plots had focal gaps that increased in size with increases in the strength of perturbation. The gaps did not represent true discontinuity because at higher computational resolution the resetting plots appeared to be steep but smooth portions of topological Type 1 resetting curves. 4. These studies support the concept that brief carotid sinus nerve stimulations cause a transient outward displacement of the central respiratory state away from its attractor cycle, in contrast to the unidirectional displacements that accompany midbrain reticular or superior laryngeal nerve stimulations. The findings define particular geometrical relationships between oscillatory state trajectories of the rhythm generator and perturbed state trajectories induced by inputs to the oscillator. These relationships provide a framework for developing and testing the validity of neural models of the respiratory oscillator.
Optical Conductivity Evidence of Clean-Limit Superconductivity in LiFeAs
Creators: name: Lobo, R. P. S. M.
name: Chanda, G.
name: Pronin, A. V.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Kasahara, S.
name: Shibauchi, T.
name: Matsuda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the optical conductivity of superconducting LiFeAs. In the superconducting state, the formation of the condensate leads to a spectral-weight loss and yields a penetration depth of 225 nm. No sharp signature of the superconducting gap is observed. This suggests that the system is likely in the clean limit. A Drude-Lorentz parametrization of the data in the normal state reveals a quasiparticle scattering rate supportive of spin fluctuations and proximity to a quantum critical point.
description: 6 pages - 4 Figures
The Story of the Carrara Sub-Basin - Biomarker Distribution and Thermal Maturity of Source Rocks from NDI Carrara 1
Creators: name: Johnson, Liam Edward
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biomarkers
thermal maturity
hydrocarbons
Carrara Sub-basin
Exploring for the Future
EFTF
MinEx CRC
NDI Carrara 1
organic content
South Nicholson Region
TOC

description: The NDI Carrara 1 drill hole was drilled as part of the Mine Ex CRC National Drilling Initiative in September-December 2020 in collaboration with Geoscience Australia and the Norther Territory Geological Survey. In this project, 17 rock samples and 3 oil stains from the Carrara 1 drill core were analysed using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to provide a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers and the thermal maturity of the Carrara Sub-basin in Northern Australia. According to aromatic hydrocarbon maturity assessment of phenanthrenes and methylphenanthrenes, the interval from the top of the core to 630 m is in the peak oil window and the source rocks are likely highly generative in terms of liquid hydrocarbons. In addition, prokaryote and eukaryote biomarkers are detected in high abundance providing valuable insights into life during the Cambrian period. In contrast, biomarkers are below detection limits in the Proterozoic section of the core (630-1750.85 m) with the notable exception of acyclic saturated hydrocarbons which are detected in some of the shallower Proterozoic samples. Thermal maturity estimates computed using aromatic hydrocarbons illustrate that maturity increases downcore indicating that these compounds are syngenetic and that the source rocks are overmature in terms of liquid hydrocarbon generation and are likely in the late stages of wet gas generation or a producing dry gas. In addition, the distribution of biomarkers and thermal maturity is consistent with an unconformity at 630 m and a fault repeated sequence between 630-800 m from 925-1130 m. Finally, the distribution of acyclic saturated hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons provide evidence for secondary migration of liquid hydrocarbons in at least one sample of the Carrara 1 drill core
Molecular insights into the physiology of the ‘thin film’ of airway surface liquid
Creators: name: Boucher, R. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: The epithelia that line the airways of the lung exhibit two general functions: (1) airway epithelia in all regions ‘defend’ the lung against infectious and noxious agents; and (2) airway epithelia in the proximal regions replenish water lost from airway surfaces, i.e. the ‘insensible water loss’, consequent to conditioning inspired air. How airway epithelia perform both functions, and co-ordinate them in health and disease, is the subject of this review.
Random free fermions: An analytical example of eigenstate thermalization
Creators: name: Magan, Javier M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Having analytical instances of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is of obvious interest, both for fundamental and applied reasons. This is generically a hard task, due to the belief that non-linear interactions are basic ingredients of the thermalization mechanism. In this article we proof that random gaussian free fermions satisfy ETH in the multiparticle sector, by analytically computing the correlations and entanglement entropies of the theory. With the explicit construction at hand, we finally comment on the differences between fully random Hamiltonians and random Gaussian systems, and on the connection between chaotic energy spectra and ETH.
Privacy-preserving record linkage for high linkage quality
Creators: name: Vaiwsri, Sirintra
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: Organisations such as healthcare and financial service providers collect vast amounts of data with varying levels of data quality. Such data often need to be integrated across databases owned by different organisations to facilitate effective and efficient data analysis. Record linkage is one of the processes in data integration that aims to link records in different databases which refer to the same entities. However, much of the data collected by organisations such as research institutes, healthcare, and financial service providers is about individuals. Therefore, privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) is required to link records between these databases, while preserving the sensitive information of the individuals in such databases. In the last two decades, various PPRL techniques have been developed, where the most widely used techniques are based on Bloom filter encoding. However, the Bloom filter technique is vulnerable to various privacy attacks. Therefore, harden- ing techniques have been proposed to improve the privacy of Bloom filter encoding. Hardening techniques result in lower linkage quality and some have higher compu- tational complexities. Developing effective PPRL techniques, especially in the Big data era, is still an open challenge because (1) the linking of large amounts (volume), diverse data (variety), and data of different qualities (veracity) requires fast linkage processing (velocity), (2) the privacy requirements of sensitive information, and (3) the linkage process should provide high linkage quality to allow data scientists to analyse data accurately. In this thesis, we develop PPRL techniques to provide high linkage quality where the scalability and privacy of the linking process are also of high importance. We first propose a hardened Bloom filter based PPRL technique to improve the privacy and linkage quality of the original Bloom filter encoding. We then propose a novel PPRL technique to link databases that contain missing values, because missing data can lead to low linkage quality and it has seen limited attention in the record linkage and PPRL contexts. Next, we propose two PPRL techniques that consider positional information of sub-strings to provide efficient and accurate string matching results. Finally, we propose two PPRL techniques to improve the time complexity of the linkage process while providing high linkage quality of string matching results. We comparatively evaluated our proposed PPRL techniques with various baseline techniques on both real-world and synthetic databases. We assessed our techniques in terms of linkage quality, scalability, and privacy. The experimental results obtained illustrate that all of our proposed PPRL techniques provide higher linkage quality and privacy compared to the baselines. Our string matching techniques provide accurate linkage results and outperform some baselines with regard to scalability for linking larger databases.
Pulmonary oedema fluid induces non-α-ENaC-dependent Na + transport and fluid absorption in the distal lung
Creators: name: Sulowski, Chris
name: Gillie, Daniel
name: Rafii, Bijan
name: Barker, Pierre
name: Otulakowski, Gail
name: Cheung, Tony
name: Hannam, Vicky
name: O'Brodovich, Hugh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: To determine if pulmonary oedema fluid (EF) alters ion and fluid transport of distal lung epithelium (DLE), EF was collected from rats in acute heart failure. EF, but not plasma, increased amiloride-insensitive short circuit current (Isc) and Na+–K+ ATPase protein content and pump activity of DLE grown in primary culture. Inhibitors of Cl− transport or cGMP-gated cation channels had a significant (P < 0.05), but limited ability to block the increased Isc. EF increased amiloride-insensitive, but not amiloride-sensitive, DLE apical membrane Na+ conductance. The level of mRNA encoding epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits was unchanged (α, β), or decreased (γ, P < 0.05) in EF-exposed DLE. EF also induced an amiloride-insensitive increase in the potential difference across murine tracheal cysts. Distal lung explants from late gestation wild-type and α-ENaC-deficient fetal mice, which normally expand due to liquid secretion, decreased in size due to liquid absorption when exposed to EF. Trypsin digestion or heat treatment of EF abrogated the ability of EF to increase amiloride-insensitive Isc in DLE and liquid absorption by distal lung explants. Thus proteins or protein-dependent factors within cardiogenic EF induce an α-ENaC-independent and amiloride-insensitive apical membrane Na+ conductance and liquid absorption in the distal lung.
Secretive yet accountable: Formal and informal accountability in the Australian Intelligence Community
Creators: name: Bolto, Richard
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: This research explores different types of accountability within the Australian Intelligence Community (AIC), including democratic, constitutional, learning and reputational accountability. Accountability practices in the intelligence sector and the relationship between accountability and official secrecy are not well understood. Yet the work, practices and impacts of Australia's intelligence agencies have been increasingly significant and visible as these secretive organisations have grown and emerged from the shadows. Accountability can be conceptualised as an important social process that involves interactions between two or more parties. With this lens, this research brings together theory and empirical data to explore who in the AIC has been accountable to whom, for what, why and when. This approach offers new insights into formal and informal accountability practices through the experiences of intelligence agencies, officers and overseers, and builds on existing studies of both accountability and national security. To address gaps in knowledge this research catalogues scholarly concepts of accountability, explores the relevance of these concepts to accountability in the AIC, and documents the development of AIC accountability processes and structures over time. Drawing and analysing data from 32 elite interviews, official documents and media reporting, interpretive case study research is used to explore accountability across three case studies. Case studies focus on three intelligence agencies: the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation and its evolving powers in the 2000s and 2010s, the involvement of the Australian Signals Directorate in the 2001 'Tampa affair', and the experiences of the then Office of National Assessments in the lead-up to and aftermath of the 2003 Iraq war. Types of accountability, approaches to transparency, impacts of secrecy and other potential factors in accountability are considered across cases. Control is explored as a significant but distinct counterpart to accountability. Intelligence agencies are not immune to typical or more unusual accountability challenges. But this research shows how both formal and informal types of accountability can occur. It shows how accountability can be hindered by secrecy and more common factors such as account-holders' mandates, resources and influence. The individual practices and perceptions of account-givers and account-holders are also influential due to the secrecy which surrounds intelligence. In the end, strong albeit varying types of accountability are evident, with domestic intelligence collections receiving particular scrutiny, foreign intelligence collections later attention, and less oversight of intelligence assessment functions.
(105) Catherine Campbell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Frequency-dependent effects of gravitational lensing within plasma
Creators: name: Rogers, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between refraction from a distribution of inhomogeneous plasma and gravitational lensing introduces novel effects to the paths of light rays passing by a massive object. The plasma contributes additional terms to the equations of motion, and the resulting ray trajectories are frequency-dependent. Lensing phenomena and circular orbits are investigated for plasma density distributions $N \propto 1/r^h$ with $h \geq 0$ in the Schwarzschild space-time. For rays passing by the mass near the plasma frequency refractive effects can dominate, effectively turning the gravitational lens into a mirror. We obtain the turning points, circular orbit radii, and angular momentum for general $h$. Previous results have shown that light rays behave like massive particles with an effective mass given by the plasma frequency for a constant density $h=0$. We study the behaviour for general $h$ and show that when $h=2$ the plasma term acts like an additional contribution to the angular momentum of the passing ray. When $h=3$ the potential and radii of circular orbits are analogous to those found in studies of massless scalar fields on the Schwarzschild background. As a physically motivated example we study the pulse profiles of a compact object with antipodal hotspots sheathed in a dense plasma, which shows dramatic frequency-dependent shifts from the behaviour in vacuum. Finally, we consider the potential observability and applications of such frequency-dependent plasma effects in general relativity for several types of neutron star.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Role of angiotensin II in dynamic renal blood flow autoregulation of the conscious dog
Creators: name: Kirchheim, Hartmut
name: Just, Armin
name: Ehmke, Heimo
name: Wittmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The influence of angiotensin II (ANGII) on the dynamic characteristics of renal blood flow (RBF) was studied in conscious dogs by testing the response to a step increase in renal artery pressure (RAP) after a 60 s period of pressure reduction (to 50 mmHg) and by calculating the transfer function between physiological fluctuations in RAP and RBF. During the RAP reduction, renal vascular resistance (RVR) decreased and upon rapid restoration of RAP, RVR returned to baseline with a characteristic time course: within the first 10 s, RVR rose rapidly by 40 % of the initial change (first response, myogenic response). A second rise began after 20–30 s and reached baseline after an overshoot at 40 s (second response, tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)). Between both responses, RVR rose very slowly (plateau). The transfer function had a low gain below 0.01 Hz (high autoregulatory efficiency) and two corner frequencies at 0.026 Hz (TGF) and at 0.12 Hz (myogenic response). Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) lowered baseline RVR, but not the minimum RVR at the end of the RAP reduction (autoregulation-independent RVR). Both the first and second response were reduced, but the normalised level of the plateau (balance between myogenic response, TGF and possible slower mechanisms) and the transfer gain below 0.01 Hz were not affected. Infusion of ANGII after ramipril raised baseline RVR above the control condition. The first and second response and the transfer gain at both corner frequencies were slightly augmented, but the normalised level of the plateau was not affected. It is concluded that alterations of plasma ANGII within a physiological range do not modulate the relative contribution of the myogenic response to the overall short-term autoregulation of RBF. Consequently, it appears that ANGII augments not only TGF, but also the myogenic response.