cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and testing of nitrogen-containing sugar analogues as inhibitors of thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum b-xylosidase
Creators: name: Hiebert, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: l-Deoxyxylonojirimycin, several N-substituted 1-deoxyxylonojirimycin derivatives, D-xylonolactam, and D-xylonojirimycin tetrazole were synthesised and tested as inhibitors of Thermoanaerobacteriwn saccharolyticum β-xylosidase to investigate the influence of substitution at the endocyclic nitrogen, the importance of basicity at the ring nitrogen to inhibitory potency, and the influence of sp² hybridisation at the anomeric centre on inhibitor binding in this model system. l-Deoxyxylonojirimycin is a competitive inhibitor of T. saccharolyticum β-xylosidase with Ki values ranging from 1.5 mM at pH 4.5 to 13.5 μM at pH 6.5. This pH dependence is consistent with the inhibitor binding in its cationic form to the enzyme acid/base catalyst in its deprotonated form. N-Acetyl and JV-formyl- 1-deoxyxylonojirimycin bind poorly to T. saccharolyticum β-xylosidase, as would be expected if the endocyclic nitrogen must be protonated for good inhibition of this enzyme by 1-deoxynojirimycin-type inhibitors. However, N-benzyloxycarbonyl- 1-deoxyxylonojirimycin also binds relatively tightly to the enzyme (K[sub i] = 110 μM, pH 5.5) while Af-benzyl- 1-deoxyxylonojirimycin is a poor inhibitor (K[sub i] = 7.2 mM, pH 5.5). The inhibitory potency of Af-benzyloxycarbonyl-ldeoxyxylonojirimycin is therefore surprising, but may be the result of fortuitous noncovalent interactions between the pendant aromatic group and a hydrophobic site on the enzyme. Apparently these interactions are not accessible to the N-benzyl group. D-Xylonolactam is a weak inhibitor of T. saccharolyticum β-xylosidase (K[sub i] = 3 mM, pH 5.5), while Dxylonojirimycin tetrazole binds relatively tightly (K[sub i] = 100 μM, pH 5.5) consistent with the notion that proton transfer by T. saccharolyticum β-xylosidase may take place in the plane of the pyranose ring. Surprisingly, several of these inhibitors bind well to the Glul60Ala mutant of T. saccharolyticum β-xylosidase in which the putative acid/base catalyst has been replaced, suggesting that a third carboxyl group in the active site may assume a role in binding and possibly also catalysis in the mutant enzyme. N-Benzyloxycarbonyl- 1-deoxyxylonojirimycin was used as a glycosyl acceptor in transglycosylation reactions catalysed by the Glu358Ala mutant of Agrobacterium sp. Β- glucosidase. Both β-1,3-linked and β-1,4-linked products were formed in a total yield of 50.4%. While the enzyme initially formed β-l,4-linkages to the inhibitor only slowly, the 'disaccharide' product was a superior glycosyl acceptor and was quickly converted to tri- and tetrasaccharide products. Hexa-O-acetyl xylobiose was isolated on a gram scale by treatment of birchwood xylan with T. viride xylanase, followed by acetylation and column chromatography. This intermediate provided a convenient route to the xylanase substrates 2,5-dinitrophenyl (3-Dxylobioside and 2-nitrophenyl P-D-xylobioside in 41 and 48% overall yields respectively.
Electron density effect on spin-orbit interaction in [001] GaAs quantum wells
Creators: name: Alekseev, P. S.
name: Nestoklon, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-orbit interaction of two-dimensional (2D) electrons in semiconductor quantum wells is usually considered to be determined by the band profile of a heterostructure. In the GaAs/AlGaAs type heterosystems, this interaction consists of the isotropic Bychkov-Rashba term, which is absent in symmetric wells, and the anisotropic Dresselhaus term, reflecting the lattice symmetry. It is well-known that the first term can be controlled by electric fields in the growth direction: external or internal, induced by a charge density of 2D electrons. In this work we reveal that the 2D electron charge can substantially affect also the Dresselhaus interaction in symmetric quantum wells. Within the one-band electron Hamiltonian containing, together with the bulk Dresselhaus interaction, the two contributions to the Dresselhaus term from the quantum well interfaces, we show that the internal electric field from the 2D electron charge density can substantially renormalize the anisotropic spin-orbit interaction of 2D electrons. This effect may be important in quantitative studies of spin-dependent phenomena in quantum wells.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Using attention-based neural networks to enable explainable drug sensitivity prediction on multimodal data
Creators: name: Manica Matteo
name: Oskooei Ali
name: Born Jannis
name: Vigneshwari, Subramanian
name: Saez-Rodriguez Julio
name: Rodriguez Martinez Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: drug sensitivity

description: PaccMann tackles the challenging problem of drug sensitivity prediction adopting a holistic approach.
 The model was trained on data from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC, https://www.cancerrxgene.org/)
Jet Models of X-Ray Flashes
Creators: name: Lamb, D. Q.
name: Donaghy, T. Q.
name: Graziani, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One third of all HETE-2--localized bursts are X-Ray Flashes (XRFs), a class of events first identified by Heise in which the fluence in the 2-30 keV energy band exceeds that in the 30-400 keV energy band. We summarize recent HETE-2 and other results on the properties of XRFs. These results show that the properties of XRFs, X-ray-rich gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and GRBs form a continuum, and thus provide evidence that all three kinds of bursts are closely related phenomena. As the most extreme burst population, XRFs provide severe constraints on burst models and unique insights into the structure of GRB jets, the GRB rate, and the nature of Type Ib/Ic supernovae. We briefly mention a number of the physical models that have been proposed to explain XRFs. We then consider two fundamentally different classes of phenomenological jet models: universal jet models, in which it is posited that all GRBs jets are identical and that differences in the observed properties of the bursts are due entirely to differences in the viewing angle; and variable-opening angle jet models, in which it is posited that GRB jets have a distribution of jet opening angles and that differences in the observed properties of the bursts are due to differences in the emissivity and spectra of jets having different opening angles. We consider three shapes for the emissivity as a function of the viewing angle theta_v from the axis of the jet: power-law, top hat (or uniform), and Gaussian (or Fisher). We then discuss the effect of relativistic beaming on each of these models. We show that observations can distinguish between these various models.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Invited review talk at the 4th Workshop Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, Rome,18-22 October 2004. Editors: L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, and B. Gendre. Il Nuovo Cimento, in press
Estimation of Equivalent Axleloads
Creators: name: Deacon, John A.
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
name: Mayes, Jesse G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The primary objective of this research study was to develop a procedure for estimating equivalent axle loads for purposes of flexible-pavement design. Maximum use was made of historical data and well-accepted procedures were used in developing the prediction model. A series of computer programs was developed to summarize truck-weight and classification data such that traffic characteristics could be estimated from a matrix of data classified by geographic area, Federal highway system, volume, and extent of coal haulage. An equation was developed with the following seven parameters as independent variables; 1) annual average daily traffic volume, 2) average fraction of trucks in the traffic stream, 3) average fraction of coal trucks in the total truck population, 4) average number of axles per coal truck, 5 ) average number of axles per non-coal truck, 6 ) average number of equivalent axleloads per coal-truck axle, and 7) average number of equivalent axleloads per non-coal-truck axle. The equivalent axleload estimate was calculated from estimates of the seven traffic parameters.  The procedure for estimating equivalent axleloads was found to be a simple one that yields reproducible results while allowing great flexibility in merging site-specific data with statewide averages for roads of similar type. Location-to-location variability was recognized and a recommendation was made to incorporate site-specific data into the design estimate whenever possible.
Biodiversity of marine microbes is safeguarded by phenotypic variability in ecological traits
Creators: name: Menden-Deuer, Susanne
name: Nursultanov, Medet
name: Collins, Sinead
name: Rynearson, Tatiana
name: Rowlett, Julie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Why, contrary to theoretical predictions, do marine microbe communities harbor tremendous phenotypic heterogeneity? How can so many marine microbe species competing in the same niche coexist? We discovered a unifying explanation for both phenomena by investigating a non-cooperative game that interpolates between individual-level competitions and species-level outcomes. We identified all equilibrium strategies of the game. These strategies are characterized by maximal phenotypic heterogeneity. They are also neutral towards each other in the sense that an unlimited number of species can co-exist while competing according to the equilibrium strategies. Whereas prior theory predicts that natural selection would minimize trait variation around an optimum value, here we obtained a rigorous mathematical proof that species with maximally variable traits are those that endure. This discrepancy may reflect a disparity between predictions from models developed for larger organisms in contrast to our microbe-centric model. Rigorous mathematics proves that phenotypic heterogeneity is itself a mechanistic underpinning of microbial diversity. This discovery has fundamental ramifications for microbial ecology and may represent an adaptive reservoir sheltering biodiversity in changing environmental conditions.
The origin of ultrasensitive SERS sensing beyond plasmonics
Creators: name: Lan, Leilei
name: Gao, Yimeng
name: Fan, Xingce
name: Li, Mingze
name: Hao, Qi
name: Qiu, Teng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have attracted tremendous attention for their abundant sources, excellent chemical stability, superior biocompatibility, good signal uniformity, and unique selectivity to target molecules. Recently, researchers have made great progress in fabricating novel plasmon-free SERS substrates and exploring new enhancement strategies to improve their sensitivity. This review summarizes the recent developments of plasmon-free SERS substrates and specially focuses on the enhancement mechanisms and strategies. Furthermore, the promising applications of plasmon-free SERS substrates in biomedical diagnosis, metal ions and organic pollutants sensing, chemical and biochemical reactions monitoring, and photoelectric characterization are introduced. Finally, current challenges and future research opportunities in plasmon-free SERS substrates are briefly discussed.
Unstable fingering patterns of Hele-Shaw flows as a dispersionless limit of the KdV hierarchy
Creators: name: Teodorescu, R.
name: Zabrodin, A.
name: Wiegmann, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that unstable fingering patterns of two dimensional flows of viscous fluids with open boundary are described by a dispersionless limit of the KdV hierarchy. In this framework, the fingering instability is linked to a known instability leading to regularized shock solutions for nonlinear waves, in dispersive media. The integrable structure of the flow suggests a dispersive regularization of the finite-time singularities.
description: Published version
On the Production and Survival of Carbon Fuel for Superbursts on Accreting Neutron Stars: Implications for Mass Donor Evolution
Creators: name: Cooper, Randall L.
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
name: Steeghs, Danny
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We have investigated the physical conditions under which accreting neutron stars can both produce and preserve sufficient quantities of carbon fuel to trigger superbursts. Our models span the plausible ranges of neutron star thermal conductivities, core neutrino emission mechanisms, and areal radii, as well as the CNO abundances in the accreted material. We find that neutron stars that accrete hydrogen-rich material with CNO mass fractions ~ 4 times that of the Sun will exhibit superbursts at accretion rates in the observed range. On this basis, we suggest that the mass donors of superburst systems must have enhanced CNO abundances. The accreted CNO acts only as a catalyst for hydrogen burning via the hot CNO cycle, and therefore it is only the sum of the three elements' mass fractions that is important. Systems that exhibit superbursts are observed to differ from those that do not exhibit superbursts in the nature of their helium-triggered Type I X-ray bursts: the bursts have shorter durations and much greater alpha-values. Increasing the CNO abundance of the accreted material in our models reproduces both of these observations. Many compact binary systems have been observed in which the abundances of the accreting material are distinctly non-solar. Though abundance analyses of the systems that exhibit superbursts currently do not exist, Bowen fluorescence blend profiles of 4U 1636-536 and Ser X-1 suggest that the mass donor stars may indeed have non-solar CNO metallicities. More detailed abundance analyses of the accreting matter in systems that exhibit superbursts are needed to verify our assertion that the matter is rich in CNO elements.
description: accepted by ApJ
Theoretical formation of carbon nanomembranes under realistic conditions using classical molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Ehrens, J.
name: Gayk, F.
name: Vorndamme, P.
name: Heitmann, T.
name: Biere, N.
name: Anselmetti, D.
name: Zhang, Xianghui
name: Gölzhäuser, A.
name: Schnack, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon nanomembranes made from aromatic precursor molecules are free standing nanometer thin materials of macroscopic lateral dimensions. Although produced in various versions for about two decades not much is known about their internal structure. Here we present a first systematic theoretical attempt to model the formation, structure, and mechanical properties of carbon nanomembranes using classical molecular dynamics simulations. We find theoretical production scenarios under which stable membranes form. They possess pores as experimentally observed. Their Young's modulus, however, is systematically larger than experimentally determined.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures
Non-chaotic dynamics in general-relativistic and scalar-tensor cosmology
Creators: name: Faraoni, V.
name: Jensen, M. N.
name: Theuerkauf, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of scalar-tensor models of dark energy and inflation, the dynamics of vacuum scalar-tensor cosmology are analysed without specifying the coupling function or the scalar field potential. A conformal transformation to the Einstein frame is used and the dynamics of general relativity with a minimally coupled scalar field are derived for a generic potential. It is shown that the dynamics are non-chaotic, thus settling an existing debate.
description: 20 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Class. Quantum Grav
Designing separation systems in capillary electrophoresis based on the fundamental physicochemical properties of analytes
Creators: name: Britz-McKibbin, Philip
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis strives to develop an integrative approach towards separation design in capillary electrophoresis (CE) based on the fundamental physicochemical properties of analytes. It is divided into four main sections to deal with four important aspects of separation design in CE which include theory, selectivity, assay development and sensitivity. The use of additives in CE represents one of the most powerful ways to separate analytes in a mixture, since both electric field (mobility) and equilibria (affinity) are used in the separation process. Section A developed a theory to describe the migration behaviour of analytes in CE when using additives in the run buffer. The mobility of an analyte can be predicted at any additive concentration, capillary length, or voltage for rapid and systematic optimization of separation conditions. Section B involved the synthesis, characterization and application of TESMR, a water-soluble aromatic based macrocycle, as a new type of additive in CE. Separation of neutral species is accomplished by imparting an electrophoretic mobility to the analytes via differential complexation with TESMR. The development and validation of two different quantitative assays by CE is presented in Section C. A simple and sensitive method to analyze the γ-carboxyglutamic acid content of protein, urine and plasma is developed using CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The second assay involved the development of a robust method for the quantification of epinephrine in fifteen different dental anesthetic solutions. Selective on-line focusing of analytes using a discontinuous electrolyte system is presented in Section D as a facile way to improve concentration sensitivity in CE when using UV detection. Large volumes of a dilute sample can be focused into extremely sharp zones by carefully selecting appropriate sample and background electrolyte conditions. A summary of the results of the thesis and possible future endeavours is also discussed, as well as an integrative framework towards separation design in CE.
Organization of complex networks without multiple connections
Creators: name: Dorogovtsev, S. N.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
name: Povolotsky, A. M.
name: Samukhin, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We find a new structural feature of equilibrium complex random networks without multiple and self-connections. We show that if the number of connections is sufficiently high, these networks contain a core of highly interconnected vertices. The number of vertices in this core varies in the range between $const N^{1/2}$ and $const N^{2/3}$, where $N$ is the number of vertices in a network. At the birth point of the core, we obtain the size-dependent cut-off of the distribution of the number of connections and find that its position differs from earlier estimates.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Quantum versus Classical Regime in Circuit Quantum Acoustodynamics
Creators: name: Zeng, Gang-hui
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Bolgar, Aleksey N.
name: He, Dong
name: Li, Bin
name: Ruan, Xin-hui
name: Zhou, Lan
name: Kuang, Le-Mang
name: Astafiev, Oleg V.
name: Liu, Yu-xi
name: Peng, Z. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study a circuit quantum acoustodynamics system, which consists of a superconducting artificial atom, coupled to both a two-dimensional surface acoustic wave resonator and a one-dimensional microwave transmission line. The strong coupling between the artificial atom and the acoustic wave resonator is confirmed by the observation of the vacuum Rabi splitting at the base temperature of dilution refrigerator. We show that the propagation of microwave photons in the microwave transmission line can be controlled by a few phonons in the acoustic wave resonator. Furthermore, we demonstrate the temperature effect on the measurements of the Rabi splitting and temperature induced transitions from high excited dressed states. We find that the spectrum structure of two-peak for the Rabi splitting becomes into those of several peaks, and gradually disappears with the increase of the environmental temperature $T$. The quantum-to-classical transition is observed around the crossover temperature $T_{c}$, which is determined via the thermal fluctuation energy $k_{B}T$ and the characteristic energy level spacing of the coupled system. Experimental results agree well with the theoretical simulations via the master equation of the coupled system at different effective temperatures.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Massive Neutrinos in Cosmology
Creators: name: Fukugita, Masataka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The roles of massive neutrinos in cosmology -- in leptogenesis and in the evolution of mass density fluctuations -- are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the limit on neutrino mass from these considerations.
description: Plenary talk given at NuFact05, Frascati, 21-26 June 2005
Supplementar material: Dataset from Electro-osmotic and viscous effects upon pressure to drive a droplet through a capillary
Creators: name: Grassia, Paul
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Datasets analysed in a zip file
Scientists Offering Solutions through Sprints
Creators: name: Bates, Tonya
name: Goller, Carlos
name: Gonzales, Lynda
name: Kovacs, Jennifer
name: Rea, Anne
name: Schalmo, Crystal
name: Tarun, Alice
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2021

description: Our BIOME Fall Working Group, Scientists Offering Solutions through Sprints, explains the process of putting together a Science sprint in your community. A science sprint is a one-day event in which participants gather and analyze data to address real-life problems. They are a wonderful way to bring a community together. For more information on Science Sprints, check out this website: https://cns.utexas.edu/tides/undergraduate/events-workshops/science-sprints-and-inventors-sprints
Transmission Eigenvalue Densities and Moments in Chaotic Cavities from Random Matrix Theory
Creators: name: Vivo, Pierpaolo
name: Vivo, Edoardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that the transmission eigenvalue density and higher order correlation functions in chaotic cavities for an arbitrary number of incoming and outgoing leads $(N_1,N_2)$ are analytically known from the Jacobi ensemble of Random Matrix Theory. Using this result and a simple linear statistic, we give an exact and non-perturbative expression for moments of the form $$ for $m>-|N_1-N_2|-1$ and $β=2$, thus improving the existing results in the literature. Secondly, we offer an independent derivation of the average density and higher order correlation functions for $β=2,4$ which does not make use of the orthogonal polynomials technique. This result may be relevant for an efficient numerical implementation avoiding determinants.
description: Slight extension of the published version. One reference added; main result (16) simplified
A boosting approach for predicting slope of ALS
Creators: name: Wen-Chieh Fang
name: Huan-Jui Chang
name: Yang, Chen
name: Hsih-Te Yang
name: Jung-Hsien Chiang
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Motivation
In the Subchallenge 1 of DREAM ALS Stratification Prize4Life Challenge 2015, participants are asked to use data collected from patients over a three month period to predict the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease progression, which is measured using the ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS). Participants are provided with ALSFRS measured between 0-3 months and are asked to predict ALSFRS slope between 3-12 months.

Data
This Subchallenge uses clinical data collected through the PRO-ACT database. The training set is 7200 patients and predictions are tested on the data from 1900 patients in 6 additional clinical trials.

Methods
In the data pre-processing, we tackle the missing value problem with data imputation techniques. For the feature selection, we first apply equal frequency binning that divides the response variable into several groups such that each group contains approximately the same number of values. There are two kinds of features in the data set: static features and 'time-resolved' features (those with different values when time varies). For the latter, we examine two designated measurements, the minimum and the maximum as additional features. For both two kinds of features, we rank the feature candidates according to the information gain. Ultimately, we run cross validation on the feature candidates to obtain the optimal feature set. In the prediction, we apply Gradient Boosted Regression Trees (GBRT) to predict the ALSFRS slopes.

Results
The optimal features we select for this Subchallenge are " onset-delta ", " trunk ", " Phosphorus ", " Q1-Speech ", " Q5-Cutting ", " leg". We think that the feature selection is one of the most important steps and we believe that the most appropriate features dominate the performance of the model. In this Subchallenge, our team won the best performing team.

Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Mu-Hung Tsai and I-Te Tsai for medical knowledge consultation.
Interpretability for computational biology
Creators: name: Nguyen An-Phi
name: Rodriguez-Martinez
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: computational biology

description: Why do we need interpretability to unveil the decision process ofa machine learning model?
 Trust - for high-risk scenarios, e.g. healthcare, the user needs to trust the decision taken.
 Debugging - the model may be badly trained or there might be an unfair bias in either the dataset or the model itself.
 Hypothesis generation - surprising results might be consequences of new mechanisms or patterns unknown even to field experts.
Gröbner geometry of vertex decompositions and of flagged tableaux
Creators: name: Knutson, Allen
name: Miller, Ezra
name: Yong, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P10; 14M12; 14R05; 05E05; 14M15

description: We relate a classic algebro-geometric degeneration technique, dating at least to [Hodge 1941], to the notion of vertex decompositions of simplicial complexes. The good case is when the degeneration is reduced, and we call this a "geometric vertex decomposition". Our main example in this paper is the family of vexillary matrix Schubert varieties, whose ideals are also known as (one-sided) ladder determinantal ideals. Using a diagonal term order to specify the (Gröbner) degeneration, we show that these have geometric vertex decompositions into simpler varieties of the same type. From this, together with the combinatorics of the pipe dreams of [Fomin--Kirillov 1996], we derive a new formula for the numerators of their multigraded Hilbert series, the double Grothendieck polynomials, in terms of "flagged set-valued tableaux". This unifies work of [Wachs 1985] on flagged tableaux, and [Buch 2002] on set-valued tableaux, giving geometric meaning to both. This work focuses on diagonal term orders, giving results complementary to those of [Knutson--Miller 2004], where it was shown that the generating minors form a Gröbner basis for any antidiagonal term order and any matrix Schubert variety. We show here that under a diagonal term order, the only matrix Schubert varieties for which these minors form Gröbner bases are the vexillary ones, reaching an end toward which the ladder determinantal literature had been building.
description: 30 pages, references and connection to arXiv:math/0503224 added
Birmelé, André: Le salut en Jésus Christ dans les dialogues oecuméniques
Creators: name: Slenczka, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 36 Nr. 3 (1987): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 36, Heft 3
Strain Gage Installation on the I-75 Bridge at Covington, Kentucky and Subsequent Data Analysis
Creators: name: Hopwood, Theodore
name: Mayes, Jesse G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: In June 1984, the Kentucky Transportation Research Program (KTRP) was requested by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet to install strain gages on structural members of the I-75 (Brent Spence) Bridge at Covington. This work was to be part of a renovation/modification project on that structure.
PIMKL: Pathway Induced Multiple Kernel Learning
Creators: name: Manica Matteo
name: Cadow Joris
name: Roland, Mathis
name: Rodriguez Martinez Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: multiple kernel learning

description: What • Accurate phenotype classification
 • Biological interpretability
 • Robustness to noise
 • Handling curse of dimensionality How Exploit prior knowledge from biological
 networks
 • Apply multiple kernel learning for
 feature encoding
 • Use pathway annotations to enable
 interpretability
Feasibility of Computerization of the Bid Item Section of Bid Proposals
Creators: name: Mayes, Jesse G.
name: Isenhour, Mark
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The feasibility of computerizing the bid item listing in bid proposals has been studied. As a result, a system of computer programsfor the IBM PC microcomputer has been written and submitted to the Division of Contract Procurement, Kentucky Department of Highways, for implementation. This software is menu driven and provides the capability of building and maintaining a bid item code file and interactively building a bid sheet file for producing blank bid sheets as well as a bid estimate. Additionally, a restricted version of this program has been provided to allow the contractor to produce a computerized bid proposal.
Aspects of Hyperscaling Violating Geometries at Finite Cutoff
Creators: name: Khoeini-Moghaddam, Salomeh
name: Omidi, Farzad
name: Paul, Chandrima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was proposed that a $T\overline{T}$ deformed CFT is dual to a gravity theory in an asymptotically AdS spacetime at finite radial cutoff. Motivated by this proposal, we explore some aspects of Hyperscaling Violating geometries at finite cutoff and zero temperature. We study holographic entanglement entropy, mutual information (HMI) and entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) for entangling regions in the shape of strips. It is observed that the HMI shows interesting features in comparison to the very small cutoff case: It is a decreasing function of the cutoff. It is finite when the distance between the two entangling regions goes to zero. The location of its phase transition also depends on the cutoff, and decreases by increasing the cutoff. On the other hand, the EWCS is a decreasing function of the cutoff. It does not show a discontinuous phase transition when the HMI undergoes a first-order phase transition. However, its concavity changes. Moreover, it is finite when the distance between the two strips goes to zero. Furthermore, it satisfies the bound $ E_W \geq \frac{I}{2}$ for all values of the cutoff.
description: 33 pages, 20 figures; v2: Published version- Section 2, figures 1,4 and references added
Demonstration and Preliminary Evaluation of the Acoustic Emission Weld Monitor
Creators: name: Hopwood, Theodore
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report describes the demonstration and preliminary evaluation of the microprocessor-based acoustic emission weld monitor (AEWM) developed for the Federal Highway Administration by GARD Inc. of Niles, IL. The equipment was tested successfully on butt welds in several fabrication shops by the Kentucky Transportation Research Program (KTRP). Some problems were encountered in monitoring fillet welds.  The AEWM was demonstrated to personnel from 20 state agencies representing FHWA Regions 1, 3, 4, and 5. The demonstrations were performed at three different fabrication shops in Pennsylvania, Georgia, and Wisconsin.  A preliminary evaluation of the AEWM is included. Also, the summary of a questionnaire sent to the demonstration attendees is included.
Influence of band structure effects on domain-wall resistance in diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors
Creators: name: Oszwałdowski, R.
name: Majewski, J. A.
name: Dietl, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intrinsic domain-wall resistance (DWR) in (Ga,Mn)As is studied theoretically and compared to experimental results. The recently developed model of spin transport in diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors [Van Dorpe et al., Phys. Rev. B 72, 205322 (2005)] is employed. The model combines the disorder-free Landauer-Büttiker formalism with the tight-binding description of the host band structure. The obtained results show how much the spherical 4x4 kp model [Nguyen, Shchelushkin, and Brataas, cond-mat/0601436] overestimates DWR in the adiabatic limit, and reveal the dependence of DWR on the magnetization profile and crystallographic orientation of the wall.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B - Rapid Comm
Huber, Wolfgang, Ritschl, Dietrich, Sundermeier, Theo: Ökumenische Existenz heute, Bd. 1
Creators: name: Slenzka, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 36 Nr. 3 (1987): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 36, Heft 3
Globular Cluster Systems in Brightest Cluster Galaxies: Bimodal Metallicity Distributions and the Nature of the High-Luminosity Clusters
Creators: name: Harris, W. E.
name: Whitmore, B. C.
name: Karakla, D.
name: Okon, W.
name: Baum, W. A.
name: Hanes, D. A.
name: Kavelaars, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new (B,I) photometry for the globular cluster systems in eight Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs), obtained with the ACS/WFC camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. In the very rich cluster systems that reside within these giant galaxies, we find that all have strongly bimodal color distributions All the BCGs show population gradients, with much higher relative numbers of red clusters within 5 kpc of their centers, consistent with their having formed at later times than the blue, metal-poor population. A striking new feature of the color distributions emerging from our data is that for the brightest clusters (M_I < -10.5) the color distribution becomes broad and less obviously bimodal. we suggest that it may be a characteristic of many BCGs. Furthermore, the blue (metal-poor) clusters become progressively redder with increasing luminosity, following a mass/metallicity scaling relation Z ~ M^0.55. We argue that these GCS characteristics are consistent with a hierarchical-merging formation picture in which the metal-poor clusters formed in protogalactic clouds or dense starburst complexes with gas masses in the range 10^7 - 10^10 M_Sun, but where the more massive clusters on average formed in bigger clouds with deeper potential wells where more pre-enrichment could occur.
description: 48 pages, 24 Figures, PDF, Submitted to Astrophys.J. and refereed. For complete pdf file with better figures, see: http://physwww.mcmaster.ca/%7Eharris/Preprints.html
Tiranni, eroi e burocrati
Creators: name: Polacco, Marina
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Cagliari
Year: 2015
Subjects: Scuola; Totalitarismo; Desiderio;

description: La rappresentazione della scuola nella letteratura: costanti e varianti.
description: Between, Vol 5, N° 10 (2015): L’immaginario politico. Impegno, resistenza, ideologia
MLPF: Efficient machine-learned particle-flow reconstruction using graph neural networks
Creators: name: Pata, Joosep
name: Duarte, Javier
name: Vlimant, Jean-Roch
name: Pierini, Maurizio
name: Spiropulu, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In general-purpose particle detectors, the particle-flow algorithm may be used to reconstruct a comprehensive particle-level view of the event by combining information from the calorimeters and the trackers, significantly improving the detector resolution for jets and the missing transverse momentum. In view of the planned high-luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), it is necessary to revisit existing reconstruction algorithms and ensure that both the physics and computational performance are sufficient in an environment with many simultaneous proton-proton interactions (pileup). Machine learning may offer a prospect for computationally efficient event reconstruction that is well-suited to heterogeneous computing platforms, while significantly improving the reconstruction quality over rule-based algorithms for granular detectors. We introduce MLPF, a novel, end-to-end trainable, machine-learned particle-flow algorithm based on parallelizable, computationally efficient, and scalable graph neural networks optimized using a multi-task objective on simulated events. We report the physics and computational performance of the MLPF algorithm on a Monte Carlo dataset of top quark-antiquark pairs produced in proton-proton collisions in conditions similar to those expected for the high-luminosity LHC. The MLPF algorithm improves the physics response with respect to a rule-based benchmark algorithm and demonstrates computationally scalable particle-flow reconstruction in a high-pileup environment.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
A new linear ion trap time of flight instrument with tandem mass spectrometry capabilities
Creators: name: Campbell, Jennifer Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis summarizes the construction and characterization of a novel hybrid mass spectrometer with tandem mass spectrometry capabilities, named the linear ion trap time of flight mass spectrometer. In a "linear ion trap" ions are trapped in a 2-dimensional quadrupolar potential by the application of timed stopping potentials on entrance and exit apertures. The performance characteristics of the linear ion trap as a storage device are initially assessed using a modified triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. On the time scales for tandem mass spectrometry, injection, extraction, and trapping efficiencies are all near 100%. The modified operation of the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to study the kinetics of dissociation of gas phase holomyoglobin in high charge states. The results indicate that the binding of the heme group is relatively unaffected by intramolecular repulsion resultant from excess charge. To construct the linear ion trap time of flight mass spectrometer, a linear ion trap is orthogonally coupled to a linear time of flight mass analyzer. The mass resolutions of the spectrometer could be optimized to attain resolutions near 700. Tandem mass spectrometry in the linear ion trap is enabled by superimposing a dipolar excitation voltage on the quadrupolar field by coupling an auxiliary waveform generator to a pair of the quadrupole rods. This voltage is used to effect precursor isolation via a broadband waveform followed by collision induced dissociation through mass selective resonant excitation. The resulting fragment ions are detected in the time of flight mass spectrometer. With 7 mTorr N 2 as the collision gas, the resolutions of ion isolation and excitation are ~ 40 and 70, respectively. Fragmentation efficiency is near 60 %. When a lower pressure is used, the same resolutions increase to 100 and 250, respectively. It is found that the resolution of resonant excitation is strongly dependent upon amplitude of the applied voltage.
The Araucaria Project. An Accurate Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 6822 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheid Variables
Creators: name: Gieren, W.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Nalewajko, K.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Bresolin, F.
name: Kudritzki, R. P.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Romanowsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured near-infrared magnitudes in the J and K bands for 56 Cepheid variables in the Local Group galaxy NGC 6822 with well-determined periods and optical light curves in the V and I bands. Using the template light curve approach of Soszynski, Gieren and Pietrzynski, accurate mean magnitudes were obtained from these data which allowed us to determine with unprecedented accuracy the distance to NGC 6822 from a multi-wavelength period-luminosity solution in the VIJK bands. From our data, we obtain a distance to NGC 6822 of (m-M)_{0} = 23.312 +- 0.021 (random error) mag, with an additional systematic uncertainty of about 3 %. This distance value is tied to an assumed LMC distance modulus of 18.50. From our multiwavelength approach, we find for the total (average) reddening to the NGC 6822 Cepheids E(B-V) = 0.356 +- 0.013 mag, which is in excellent agreement with a previous determination of McGonegal et al. from near-infrared photometry and implies significant internal reddening of the Cepheids in NGC 6822. Our present, definitive distance determination of NGC 6822 from Cepheids agrees within 2 % with the previous distance we had derived from optical photometry alone, but has significantly reduced error bars. Our Cepheid distance to NGC 6822 is in excellent agreement with the recent independent determination of Cioni and Habing from the I-band magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch. It also agrees well, within the errors, with the early determination of McGonegal et al. (1983) from random-phase H-band photometry of nine Cepheids.
description: Accepted to be published in the ApJ
Efficient simulation of moire materials using the density matrix renormalization group
Creators: name: Soejima, Tomohiro
name: Parker, Daniel E.
name: Bultinck, Nick
name: Hauschild, Johannes
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an infinite density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) study of an interacting continuum model of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) near the magic angle. Because of the long-range Coulomb interaction and the large number of orbital degrees of freedom, tBLG is difficult to study with standard DMRG techniques -- even constructing and storing the Hamiltonian already poses a major challenge. To overcome these difficulties, we use a recently developed compression procedure to obtain a matrix product operator representation of the interacting tBLG Hamiltonian which we show is both efficient and accurate even when including the spin, valley and orbital degrees of freedom. To benchmark our approach, we focus mainly on the spinless, single-valley version of the problem where, at half-filling, we find that the ground state is a nematic semimetal. Remarkably, we find that the ground state is essentially a k-space Slater determinant, so that Hartree-Fock and DMRG give virtually identical results for this problem. Our results show that the effects of long-range interactions in magic angle graphene can be efficiently simulated with DMRG, and opens up a new route for numerically studying strong correlation physics in spinful, two-valley tBLG, and other moire materials, in future work.
description: corrected a typo in arxiv author list
Astroparticle Physics: Puzzles and Discoveries
Creators: name: Berezinsky, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Puzzles often give birth to the great discoveries, the false discoveries sometimes stimulate the exiting ideas in theoretical physics. The historical examples of both are described in Introduction and in section ``Cosmological Puzzles''. From existing puzzles most attention is given to Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) puzzle and to cosmological constant problem. The 40-years old UHECR problem consisted in absence of the sharp steepening in spectrum of extragalactic cosmic rays caused by interaction with CMB radiation. This steepening is known as Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff. It is demonstrated here that the features of interaction of cosmic ray protons with CMB are seen now in the spectrum in the form of the dip and beginning of the GZK cutoff. The most serious cosmological problem is caused by large vacuum energy of the known elementary-particle fields which exceeds at least by 45 orders of magnitude the cosmological vacuum energy. The various ideas put forward to solve this problem during last 40 years, have weaknesses and cannot be accepted as the final solution of this puzzle. The anthropic approach is discussed.
description: Invited talk at TAUP 2007 conference, September 2007, Sendai, Japan