cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of different methods for volumetric analysis on [18F]FDG PET/CT in pediatric hodgkin lymphoma
Creators: name: Lopci, Egesta
name: Elia, Caterina
name: Catalfamo, Barbara
name: Burnelli, Roberta
name: De Re, Valli
name: Mussolin, Lara
name: Piccardo, Arnoldo
name: Cistaro, Angelina
name: Borsatti, Eugenio
name: Zucchetta, Pietro
name: Bianchi, Maurizio
name: Buffardi, Salvatore
name: Farruggia, Piero
name: Garaventa, Alberto
name: Sala, Alessandra
name: Vinti, Luciana
name: Mauz-Koerholz, Christine
name: Mascarin, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Rationale: Therapy response evaluation by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (FDG PET) has become a powerful tool for the discrimination of responders from non-responders in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Recently, volumetric analyses have been regarded as a valuable tool for disease prognostication and biological characterization in cancer. Given the multitude of methods available for volumetric analysis in HL, the AIEOP Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group has designed a prospective analysis of the Italian cohort enrolled in the EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial. Methods: Primarily, the study aimed to compare the different segmentation techniques used for volumetric assessment in HL patients at baseline (PET1) and during therapy: early (PET2) and late assessment (PET3). Overall, 50 patients and 150 scans were investigated for the current analysis. A dedicated software was used to semi-automatically delineate contours of the lesions by using different threshold methods. More specifically, four methods were applied: (1) fixed 41% threshold of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) within the respective lymphoma site (V41%), (2) fixed absolute SUV threshold of 2.5 (V2.5); (3) SUVmax(lesion)/SUVmean liver >1.5 (Vliver); (4) adaptive method (AM). All parameters obtained from the different methods were analyzed with respect to response. Results: Among the different methods investigated, the strongest correlation was observed between AM and Vliver (rho > 0.9; p < 0.001 for SUVmean, MTV and TLG at all scan timing), along with V2.5 and AM or Vliver (rho 0.98, p < 0.001 for TLG at baseline; rho > 0.9; p < 0.001 for SUVmean, MTV and TLG at PET2 and PET3, respectively). To determine the best segmentation method, we applied logistic regression and correlated different results with Deauville scores at late evaluation. Logistic regression demonstrated that MTV (metabolic tumor volume) and TLG (total lesion glycolysis) computation according to V2.5 and Vliver significantly correlated to response to treatment (p = 0.01 and 0.04 for MTV and 0.03 and 0.04 for TLG, respectively). SUVmean also resulted in significant correlation as absolute value or variation. Conclusions: The best correlation for volumetric analysis was documented for AM and Vliver, followed by V2.5. The volumetric analyses obtained from V2.5 and Vliver significantly correlated to response to therapy, proving to be preferred thresholds in our pediatric HL cohort.
Teachers’ acculturation in culturally diverse schools : how is the perceived diversity climate linked to intercultural self-efficacy?
Creators: name: Ulbricht, Jolina
name: Schachner, Maja
name: Civitillo, Sauro
name: Noack, Peter
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150

description: While in the school context, acculturation is often studied in relation to students of immigrant descent, the current study applies an acculturation framework to teachers mostly representing the mainstream culture. Specifically, we investigated whether teachers’ acculturation attitudes towards their students mediate effects of the perceived cultural diversity climate at school on teachers’ intercultural self-efficacy in culturally diverse classrooms. Analyses were based on reports of 186 teachers (14% of immigrant descent; Mage = 40.8; SDage = 11.8, 73% female) in 22 culturally diverse secondary schools in Southwest Germany. Path analyses indicated that perceived norms of cultural pluralism, and perceived norms of equality and inclusion are directly and positively associated with facets of intercultural self-efficacy. Moreover, teachers’ support for cultural maintenance amongst their students was associated with intercultural self- efficacy, but no mediation was found between climate and intercultural self-efficacy via acculturation attitudes. Implications for teacher training, educational practice and future research on the acculturation and adjustment of teachers in culturally diverse classrooms are discussed.
A Systematic Literature Review on Persuasive Technology at the Workplace
Creators: name: Wenker, Kilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.1.2; H.5.2

description: Employees face decisions every day - in the absence of supervision. The outcome of these decisions can be influenced by digital workplace design through the power of persuasive technology. This paper provides a structured literature review based on recent research on persuasive technology in the workplace. It examines the design and use of persuasive systems from a variety of disciplinary perspectives and theories. The reviewed studies were categorized into the research streams of technology design, user-centered research, and gamification. The purpose of the studies is categorized using a modified definition of the persuasive systems design model. A number of experimental studies show that alignment of the employee's behavior with the employer's agenda can be achieved. A robust finding is the key role of interactivity in granting employees a subjective experience of rapid and meaningful feedback when using the interface.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Factors influencing the survival rate of teeth and implants in patients after tumor therapy to the head and neck region : Part 2 : Implant survival
Creators: name: Schweyen, Ramona Maria
name: Reich, Waldemar
name: Jevnikar, Peter
name: Kuhnt, Thomas
name: Wienke, Andreas
name: Hey, Jeremias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: During prosthetic rehabilitation after tumor therapy (TT) in the head and neck region, the dentist must assess whether the prognosis of the remaining teeth is sufficiently good or whether implants should be used to anchor dentures. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the survival rate of teeth and implants after TT and to evaluate factors potentially influencing implant survival. One hundred fifteen patients (male: 70.3%; mean age: 63.2 ± 12.4 years) having received dental treatment before and after TT at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination including assessment of dental status and stimulated salivary flow rate was performed. Information about disease progression and therapy was retrieved from medical records. After TT, from a total of 1262 teeth, 27.2% had to be extracted. Of 308 implants inserted after TT, 7.0% were lost. Teeth exhibited lower 5-year survival probability (76.8%) than implants (89.9%; p = 0.001). The risk of loss (RL) of implants increased with age, nicotine use, intraoral defects, and RCT. Radiotherapy did not independently increase the RL. Thus, implants seem to be a reliable treatment option in case of progressive tooth decay after TT, particularly after RT.
Dualities of Deformed $\mathcal{N=2}$ SCFTs from Link Monodromy on D3-brane States
Creators: name: Grassi, Antonella
name: Halverson, James
name: Ruehle, Fabian
name: Shaneson, Julius L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study D3-brane theories that are dually described as deformations of two different $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal theories with massless monopoles and dyons. These arise at the self-intersection of a seven-brane in F-theory, which cuts out a link on a small three-sphere surrounding the self-intersection. The spectrum is studied by taking small loops in the three-sphere, yielding a link-induced monodromy action on string junction D3-brane states, and subsequently quotienting by the monodromy. This reduces the differing flavor algebras of the $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories to the same flavor algebra, as required by duality, and projects out charged states, yielding an $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal theory on the D3-brane. In one, a deformation of a rank one Argyres-Douglas theory retains its $SU(2)$ flavor symmetry and exhibits a charge neutral flavor triplet that is comprised of electron, dyon, and monopole string junctions. From duality we argue that the monodromy projection should also be imposed away from the conformal point, in which case the D3-brane field theory appears to exhibit confinement of electrons, dyons, and monopoles. We will address the mathematical counterparts in a companion paper.
description: 28+20 pages, 8 figures 6 tables
Plant age and soil texture rather than the presence of root hairs cause differences in maize resource allocation and root gene expression in the field
Creators: name: Ganther, Minh
name: Lippold, Eva
name: Bienert, Manuela Désirée
name: Bouffaud, Marie-Lara
name: Bauer, Mario
name: Baumann, Louis
name: Bienert, Gerd Patrick
name: Vetterlein, Doris
name: Heintz-Buschart, Anna
name: Tarkka, Mika Tapio
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Understanding the biological roles of root hairs is key to projecting their contributions to plant growth and to assess their relevance for plant breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of root hairs for maize nutrition, carbon allocation and root gene expression in a field experiment. Applying wild type and root hairless rth3 maize grown on loam and sand, we examined the period of growth including 4-leaf, 9-leaf and tassel emergence stages, accompanied with a low precipitation rate. rth3 maize had lower shoot growth and lower total amounts of mineral nutrients than wild type, but the concentrations of mineral elements, root gene expression, or carbon allocation were largely unchanged. For these parameters, growth stage accounted for the main differences, followed by substrate. Substrate-related changes were pronounced during tassel emergence, where the concentrations of several elements in leaves as well as cell wall formation-related root gene expression and C allocation decreased. In conclusion, the presence of root hairs stimulated maize shoot growth and total nutrient uptake, but other parameters were more impacted by growth stage and soil texture. Further research should relate root hair functioning to the observed losses in maize productivity and growth efficiency.
The first photometric analysis of the W-subtype contact binary UCAC4 436-062932 with O'Connell effect
Creators: name: Zhou, X.
name: Qian, S. -B.
name: Essam, A.
name: He, J. -J.
name: Zhang, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two sets of light curves in $V$ $R_c$ $I_c$ bands for a newly discovered binary system UCAC4 436-062932 are obtained and analyzed using the Wilson-Devinney (W-D) code. The two sets of light curves get almost consistent results. The determined mass ratio is about $q = 2.7$ and the less massive component is nearly $250K$ hotter than the more massive one. The solutions conclude that UCAC4 436-062932 is a W-subtype shallow contact (with a contact degree of $f = 20\,\%$) binary system. Since the O'Connell effect appears on one set of the light curves, theories proposed to explain the effect are discussed. We assume that spot model may be the more plausible one to the O'Connell effect appeared on the asymmetric light curves of the binary system UCAC4 436-062932. Therefore, we add a cool spot on the surface of the more massive star (component with lower effective temperature) and get a quite approving results for the light curve fitting. It will provide evidence to support the spot model in the explanatory mechanism of O'Connell effect.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Determination of Coronal Mass Ejection physical parameters from combination of polarized visible light and UV Lyman-$α$ observations
Creators: name: Susino, R.
name: Bemporad, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Visible-light observations of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) performed with coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers (in primis on board the SOHO and STEREO missions) have offered so far the best way to study the kinematics and geometrical structure of these fundamental events. Nevertheless, it has been widely demonstrated that only combination of multi-wavelength data (including X-ray spectra, EUV images, EUV-UV spectra, and radio dynamic spectra) can provide complete information on the plasma temperature and density distributions, non-thermal motions, magnetic fields, and other physical parameters, for both CMEs and CME-related phenomena. In this work, we analyze three CMEs by combining simultaneous data acquired in the polarized visible light by the LASCO-C2 coronagraph and in the UV H I Lyman-$α$ line (1216 Å) by the UVCS spectrometer, in order to estimate the CME plasma electron density (using the polarization-ratio technique to infer the 3D structure of the CME) and temperature (from the comparison between the expected and measured Lyman-$α$ intensities) along the UVCS field of view. This analysis is primarily aimed at testing the diagnostic methods that will be applied to coronagraphic observations of CMEs delivered by the Metis instrument on board the next ESA-Solar Orbiter mission. We find that CME cores are usually associated with cooler plasma ($T \sim 10^6$ K), and that a significant increase of the electron temperatures is observed from the core to the front of the CME (where $T > 10^{6.3}$ K), which seems to be correlated, in all cases, with the morphological structure of the CME as derived from visible-light images.
A Discriminative Hierarchical PLDA-based Model for Spoken Language Recognition
Creators: name: Ferrer, Luciana
name: Castan, Diego
name: McLaren, Mitchell
name: Lawson, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Spoken language recognition (SLR) refers to the automatic process used to determine the language present in a speech sample. SLR is an important task in its own right, for example, as a tool to analyze or categorize large amounts of multi-lingual data. Further, it is also an essential tool for selecting downstream applications in a work flow, for example, to chose appropriate speech recognition or machine translation models. SLR systems are usually composed of two stages, one where an embedding representing the audio sample is extracted and a second one which computes the final scores for each language. In this work, we approach the SLR task as a detection problem and implement the second stage as a probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) model. We show that discriminative training of the PLDA parameters gives large gains with respect to the usual generative training. Further, we propose a novel hierarchical approach where two PLDA models are trained, one to generate scores for clusters of highly-related languages and a second one to generate scores conditional to each cluster. The final language detection scores are computed as a combination of these two sets of scores. The complete model is trained discriminatively to optimize a cross-entropy objective. We show that this hierarchical approach consistently outperforms the non-hierarchical one for detection of highly related languages, in many cases by large margins. We train our systems on a collection of datasets including over 100 languages, and test them both on matched and mismatched conditions, showing that the gains are robust to condition mismatch.
Ion-Acoustic Envelope Modes in a Degenerate Relativistic Electron-Ion Plasma
Creators: name: McKerr, M.
name: Haas, F.
name: Kourakis, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A self-consistent relativistic two-fluid model is proposed for one-dimensional electron-ion plasma dynamics. A multiple scales perturbation technique is employed, leading to an evolution equation for the wave envelope, in the form of a nonlinear Schrödinger type equation (NLSE). The inclusion of relativistic effects is shown to introduce density-dependent factors, not present in the non-relativistic case - in the conditions for modulational instability. The role of relativistic effects on the linear dispersion laws and on envelope soliton solutions of the NLSE is discussed.
description: Submitted to Physics of Plasmas
Thermodynamically consistent entropic late-time cosmological acceleration
Creators: name: Zamora, D. J.
name: Tsallis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entropic-force cosmology provides, in contrast with dark energy descriptions, a concrete physical understanding of the accelerated expansion of the universe. The acceleration appears to be a consequence of the entropy associated with the information storage in the universe. Since these cosmological models are unable of explaining the different periods of acceleration and deceleration unless a correction term is considered, we study the effects of including a subdominant power-law term within a thermodynamically admissible entropic-force model. The temperature of the universe horizon is obtained by a clear physical principle, i.e., requiring that the Legendre structure of thermodynamics is preserved. We analyze the various types of behaviors, and we compare the performance of thermodynamically consistent entropic-force models with regard to available supernovae data by providing appropriate constraints for optimizing alternative entropies and temperatures of the Hubble screen. The novelty of our work is that the analysis is based on a entropy scaling with an arbitrary power of the Hubble radius, instead of a specific entropy. This allows us to conclude on various models at once, compare them, and conserve the scaling exponent as a parameter to be fitted with observational data, thus providing information about the form of the actual cosmological entropy and temperature. We show that the introduced correction term is capable of explaining different periods of acceleration and deceleration in the late-time universe.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.01835
Low-Γ jets from Compact Binary Mergers as Candidate Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Wave Sources
Creators: name: Lamb, Gavin P
name: Kobayashi, Shiho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact binary mergers, with neutron stars or neutron star and black-hole components, are thought to produce various electromagnetic counterparts: short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from ultra-relativistic jets followed by broadband afterglow; semi-isotropic kilonova from radioactive decay of r-process elements; and late time radio flares; etc. If the jets from such mergers follow a similar power-law distribution of Lorentz factors as other astrophysical jets then the population of merger jets will be dominated by low-Γ values. The prompt gamma-rays associated with short GRBs would be suppressed for a low-Γ jet and the jet energy will be released as X-ray/optical/radio transients when a shock forms in the ambient medium. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study the properties of such transients as candidate electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave sources detectable by LIGO/Virgo. Approximately 78% of merger-jets result in failed GRB with optical peaks 14-22 magnitude and an all-sky rate of 2-3 per year.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to Proceedings of IAU Symposium 324 (New Frontiers in Black Hole Astrophysics)
Dissection of a grain yield QTL from wild emmer wheat reveals sub-intervals associated with culm length and kernel number
Creators: name: Deblieck, Mathieu
name: Szilagyi, Gergely
name: Andrii, Fatiukha
name: Saranga, Yehoshua
name: Lauterberg, Madita
name: Neumann, Kerstin
name: Krugman, Tamar
name: Perovic, Dragan
name: Pillen, Klaus
name: Ordon, Frank
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Genetic diversity in wheat has been depleted due to domestication and modern breeding. Wild relatives are a valuable source for improving drought tolerance in domesticated wheat. A QTL region on chromosome 2BS of wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), conferring high grain yield under well-watered and water-limited conditions, was transferred to the elite durum wheat cultivar Uzan (T. turgidum ssp. durum) by a marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. The 2B introgression line turned out to be higher yielding but also exhibited negative traits that likely result from trans-, cis-, or linkage drag effects from the wild emmer parent. In this study, the respective 2BS QTL was subjected to fine-mapping, and a set of 17 homozygote recombinants were phenotyped at BC4F5 generation under water-limited and well-watered conditions at an experimental farm in Israel and at a high-throughput phenotyping platform (LemnaTec-129) in Germany. In general, both experimental setups allowed the identification of sub-QTL intervals related to culm length, kernel number, thousand kernel weight, and harvest index. Sub-QTLs for kernel number and harvest index were detected specifically under either drought stress or well-watered conditions, while QTLs for culm length and thousand-kernel weight were detected in both conditions. Although no direct QTL for grain yield was identified, plants with the sub-QTL for kernel number showed a higher grain yield than the recurrent durum cultivar Uzan under well-watered and mild drought stress conditions. We, therefore, suggest that this sub-QTL might be of interest for future breeding purposes.
Discovery of a Perseus-like cloud in the early Universe: HI-to-H2 transition, carbon monoxide and small dust grains at zabs=2.53 towards the quasar J0000+0048
Creators: name: Noterdaeme, P.
name: Krogager, J. -K.
name: Balashev, S.
name: Ge, J.
name: Gupta, N.
name: Krühler, T.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Murphy, M. T.
name: Pâris, I.
name: Petitjean, P.
name: Rahmani, H.
name: Srianand, R.
name: Ubachs, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a molecular cloud at zabs=2.5255 along the line of sight to the quasar J0000+0048. We perform a detailed analysis of the absorption lines from ionic, neutral atomic and molecular species in different excitation levels, as well as the broad-band dust extinction. We find that the absorber classifies as a Damped Lyman-alpha system (DLA) with logN(HI)(cm^-2)=20.8+/-0.1. The DLA has super-Solar metallicity with a depletion pattern typical of cold gas and an overall molecular fraction ~50%. This is the highest f-value observed to date in a high-z intervening system. Most of the molecular hydrogen arises from a clearly identified narrow (b~0.7 km/s), cold component in which CO molecules are also found, with logN(CO)~15. We study the chemical and physical conditions in the cold gas. We find that the line of sight probes the gas deep after the HI-to-H2 transition in a ~4-5 pc-size cloud with volumic density nH~80 cm^-3 and temperature of only 50 K. Our model suggests that the presence of small dust grains (down to about 0.001 μm) and high cosmic ray ionisation rate (zeta_H a few times 10^-15 s^-1) are needed to explain the observed atomic and molecular abundances. The presence of small grains is also in agreement with the observed steep extinction curve that also features a 2175 A bump. The properties of this cloud are very similar to what is seen in diffuse molecular regions of the nearby Perseus complex. The high excitation temperature of CO rotational levels towards J0000+0048 betrays however the higher temperature of the cosmic microwave background. Using the derived physical conditions, we correct for a small contribution (0.3 K) of collisional excitation and obtain TCMB(z = 2.53)~9.6 K, in perfect agreement with the predicted adiabatic cooling of the Universe. [abridged]
description: 24 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Social network and participation in elderly primary care patients in Germany and associations with depressive symptoms : a cross-cectional analysis from the AgeWell.de study
Creators: name: Wendel, Flora
name: Bauer, Alexander
name: Blotenberg, Iris
name: Brettschneider, Christian
name: Buchholz, Maresa
name: Czock, David
name: Döhring, Juliane
name: Escales, Catharina
name: Frese, Thomas
name: Hoffmann, Wolfgang
name: Kaduszkiewicz, Hanna
name: König, Hans-Helmut
name: Löbner, Margrit
name: Luppa, Melanie
name: Schwenker, Rosemarie
name: Thyrian, Jochen René
name: Weißenborn, Marina
name: Wiese, Birgitt
name: Zöllinger, Isabel
name: Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.
name: Gensichen, Jochen
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: This study aims to describe social network and social participation and to assess associations with depressive symptoms in older persons with increased risk for dementia in Germany. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in primary care patients (aged 60-77) as part of a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial (AgeWell.de). We present descriptive and multivariate analyses for social networks (Lubben Social Network Scale and subscales) and social participation (item list of social activities) and analyze associations of these variables with depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale). Of 1030 included patients, 17.2% were at risk for social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale < 12). Looking at the subscales, a reduced non-family network was found almost twice as often as a reduced family network. Patients with depressive symptoms had significantly smaller social networks than patients without depression (p < 0.001). They rather engaged in social activities of low involvement level or no weekly social activity at all (p < 0.001). The study shows associations of depressive symptoms with a decreased social network and less social participation in elderly participants. Sufficient non-family contacts and weekly social activities seem to play an important role in mental health and should be encouraged in elderly primary care patients.
Tracing Milky Way scattering by compact extragalactic radio sources
Creators: name: Koryukova, T. A.
name: Pushkarev, A. B.
name: Plavin, A. V.
name: Kovalev, Y. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used archival very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data of active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed from 1.4 GHz to 86 GHz to measure the angular size of VLBI radio cores in 8959 AGNs. We analysed their sky distributions, frequency dependencies and created the most densely sampled and complete to date distribution map of large-scale scattering properties of the interstellar medium in our Galaxy. Significant angular broadening of the measured AGN core sizes is detected for the sources seen through the Galactic plane, and this effect is especially strong at low frequencies (e.g., at 2 GHz). The scattering screens containing electron density fluctuations of hot plasma are mainly concentrated in the Galactic plane and manifest clumpy distribution. The region of the strongest scattering is the Galactic centre, where the Galactic bar and the compact radio source Sagittarius A* are located. We have also found the enhancement of scattering strength in regions of the Cygnus constellation, supernova remnants Taurus A, Vela, W78 and Cassiopeia A, and the Orion Nebula. Using multi-frequency observational data of AGN core sizes, we separated the contribution of the intrinsic and scattered sizes to the measured angular diameter for 1411 sources. For the sources observed through the Galactic plane, the contribution of the scattered size component is systematically larger than for those seen outside the Galactic plane. The derived power-law scattering indices are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions for the diffractive-dominated scattering of radio emission in a hot plasma with Gaussian distribution of density inhomogeneities.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables, accepted to MNRAS
Individual Pharmacotherapy Management (IPM)-IV : optimized usage of approved antimicrobials addressing under-recognized adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions in polypharmacy
Creators: name: Wolf, Ursula
name: Baust, Henning
name: Neef, Rüdiger Holger
name: Steinke, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Antimicrobial therapy is often a life-saving medical intervention for inpatients and outpatients. Almost all medical disciplines are involved in this therapeutic procedure. Knowledge of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is important to avoid drug-related harm. Within the broad spectrum of antibiotic and antifungal therapy, most typical ADRs are known to physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate relevant pharmacological aspects with which we are not so familiar and to provide further practical guidance. Individual pharmacotherapy management (IPM) as a synopsis of internal medicine and clinical pharmacology based on the entirety of the digital patient information with reference to drug information, guidelines, and literature research has been continuously performed for over 8 years in interdisciplinary intensive care and trauma and transplant patients. Findings from over 52,000 detailed medication analyses highlight critical ADRs and DDIs, especially in these vulnerable patients with polypharmacy. We present the most relevant ADRs and DDIs in antibiotic and antifungal pharmacology, which are less frequently considered in relation to neurologic, hemostaseologic, hematologic, endocrinologic, and cardiac complexities. Constant awareness and preventive strategies help avoid life-threatening manifestations of these inherent risks and ensure patient and drug safety in antimicrobial therapy.
Prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in an unselected cohort of breast cancer patients
Creators: name: Schüler, Kathleen
name: Bethmann, Daniel
name: Kaufhold, Sandy
name: Hartung, Carolin
name: Stückrath, Kathrin
name: Lantzsch, Tilmann
name: Uleer, Christoph
name: Hanf, Volker
name: Peschel, Susanne
name: John, Jutta
name: Pöhler, Marleen
name: Buchmann, Jörg
name: Bürrig, Karl-Friedrich
name: Weigert, Edith
name: Thomssen, Christoph
name: Kantelhardt, Eva Johanna
name: Vetter, Martina
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 618

description: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered to have prognostic and predictive value for patients with early breast cancer. We examined 1166 breast cancer patients from a prospective, multicentre cohort (Prognostic Assessment in Routine Application (PiA), n = 1270, NCT 01592825) following recommendations from the International TILs Working Group. TIL quantification was performed using predefined groups and as a continuous variable in 10% increments. The primary objective was the distribution of TILs in different breast cancer types. The second objective was the association with the recurrence-free interval (RFI) and overall survival (OS). Stromal infiltration with more than 60% TILs appeared in 2% of hormone receptor (HR)-positive and HER2-negative tumours, in 9.8% of HER2-positive tumours (any HR) and 19.4% of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Each 10% increment was associated with an improvement in the prognosis in HER2-positive samples (RFI, hazard ratio 0.773, 95% CI 0.587–1.017; OS, hazard ratio 0.700, 95% CI 0.523–0.937). When defining exploratory cut-offs for TILs, the use of a 30% threshold for the HR-positive and HER2-negative group, a 20% threshold for the HER2 group and a 60% threshold for the TNBC group appeared to be the most suitable. TILs bore prognostic value, especially in HER2-positive breast cancer. For clinical use, additional research on the components of immune infiltration might be reasonable.
Human-environmental interactions and seismic activity in a Late Bronze to Early Iron Age settlement center in the southeastern Caucasus
Creators: name: Suchodoletz, Hans
name: Kirkitadze, Giorgi
name: Koff, Tiiu
name: Fischer, Markus L.
name: Poch, Rosa M.
name: Khosravichenar, Azra
name: Schneider, Birgit
name: Glaser, Bruno
name: Lindauer, Susanne
name: Hoth, Silvan
name: Skokan, Anna
name: Navrozashvili, Levan
name: Lobjanidze, Mikheil
name: Akhalaia, Mate
name: Losaberidze, Levan
name: Elashvili, Mikheil
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 555

description: Long-term human-environmental interactions in naturally fragile drylands are a focus of geomorphological and geoarchaeological research. Furthermore, many dryland societies were also affected by seismic activity. The semi-arid Shiraki Plain in the tectonically active southeastern Caucasus is currently covered by steppe and largely devoid of settlements. However, numerous Late Bronze to Early Iron Age city-type settlements suggest early state formation between ca. 3.2-2.5 ka that abruptly ended after that time. A paleolake was postulated for the lowest plain, and nearby pollen records suggest forest clearcutting of the upper altitudes under a more humid climate during the Late Bronze/Early Iron Ages. Furthermore, also an impact of earthquakes on regional Early Iron Age settlements was suggested. However, regional paleoenvironmental changes and paleoseismicity were not systematically studied so far. We combined geomorphological, sedimentological, chronological and paleoecological data with hydrological modelling to reconstruct regional Holocene paleoenvironmental changes, to identify natural and human causes and to study possible seismic events during the Late Bronze/Early Iron Ages. Our results show a balanced to negative Early to Mid-Holocene water balance probably caused by forested upper slopes. Hence, no lake but a pellic Vertisol developed in the lowest plain. Following, Late Bronze/Early Iron Age forest clear-cutting caused lake formation and the deposition of lacustrine sediments derived from soil erosion. Subsequently, regional aridification caused slow lake desiccation. Remains of freshwater fishes indicate that the lake potentially offered valuable ecosystem services for regional prehistoric societies even during the desiccation period. Finally, colluvial coverage of the lake sediments during the last centuries could have been linked with hydrological extremes during the Little Ice Age. Our study demonstrates that the Holocene hydrological balance of the Shiraki Plain was and is situated near a major hydrological threshold, making the landscape very sensitive to small-scale human or natural influences with severe consequences for local societies. Furthermore, seismites in the studied sediments do not indicate an influence of earthquakes on the main and late phases of Late Bronze/Early Iron Age settlement. Altogether, our study underlines the high value of multi-disciplinary approaches to investigate human-environmental interactions and paleoseismicity in drylands on millennial to centennial time scales.
Scale-free channeling patterns near the onset of erosion of sheared granular beds
Creators: name: Aussillous, Pascale
name: Zou, Zhenhai
name: Guazzelli, Élisabeth
name: Yan, Le
name: Wyart, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Erosion shapes our landscape and occurs when a sufficient shear stress is exerted by a fluid on a sedimented layer. What controls erosion at a microscopic level remains debated, especially near the threshold forcing where it stops. Here we study experimentally the collective dynamics of the moving particles, using a set-up where the system spontaneously evolves toward the erosion onset. We find that the spatial organization of the erosion flux is heterogeneous in space, and occurs along channels of local flux $σ$ whose distribution displays scaling near threshold and follows $P(σ)\sim J/σ$, where $J$ is the mean erosion flux. Channels are strongly correlated in the direction of forcing but not in the transverse direction. We show that these results quantitatively agree with a model where the dynamics is governed by the competition of disorder (which channels mobile particles) and particle interactions (which reduces channeling). These observations support that for laminar flows, erosion is a dynamical phase transition which shares similarity with the plastic depinning transition occurring in dirty superconductors. The methodology we introduce here could be applied to probe these systems as well.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Electrical conductivity of hadronic matter from different possible mesonic and baryonic thermal fluctuations
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sabyasachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic current-current correlators in pionic and nucleonic medium have been evaluated in the static limit to obtain electrical conductivities for pion and nucleon components respectively, where former decreases and latter one increases with the variation of temperature $T$ and baryon chemical potential $μ_N$. Therefore, total electrical conductivity of pion and nucleon system exhibits a valley structure in the $T$-$μ_N$ plane. To get non-divergent and finite values of correlators, finite thermal widths of medium constituents, pion and nucleon have been considered, where these thermal widths have been determined from the in-medium scattering probabilities of pion and nucleon with other mesonic and baryonic resonances, based on effective hadronic model. At $μ_N=0$, the results of present work are more or less agrees with the results of earlier works and its finite $μ_N$ extension show a decreasing nature of electrical conductivity for hadronic medium during spanning from freeze out line to quark-hadron transition line in $T$-$μ_N$ plane.
The photometric investigation of the newly discovered W UMa type binary system GSC 03122-02426
Creators: name: Zhou, X.
name: Qian, S. -B.
name: He, J. -J.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Zhang, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $B$ $V$ $R_c$ $I_c$ bands light curves of the newly discovered binary system \astrobj{GSC 03122-02426} are obtained and analyzed using the Wilson-Devinney (W-D) code. The solutions suggest that the mass ratio of the binary system is $q = 2.70$ and the less massive component is $422K$ hotter than the more massive one. We conclude that \astrobj{GSC 03122-02426} is a W-subtype shallow contact (with a contact degree of $f = 15.3\,\%$) binary system. It may be a newly formed contact binary system which is just under geometrical contact and will evolve to be a thermal contact binary system. The high orbital inclination ($i = 81.6^{\circ}$) implies that \astrobj{GSC 03122-02426} is a total eclipsing binary system and the photometric parameters obtained by us are quite reliable. We also estimate the absolute physical parameters of the two components in \astrobj{GSC 03122-02426}, which will provide fundamental information for the research of contact binary systems. The formation and evolutionary scenario of \astrobj{GSC 03122-02426} is discussed.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Domain and Phase De-strain - Formation of Ferroelastic Domain Structures
Creators: name: Xue, Fei
name: Li, Yongjun
name: Gu, Yijia
name: Zhang, Jinxing
name: Chen, Long-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase decomposition is a well-known process leading to the formation of two-phase mixtures. Here we show that a strain imposed on a ferroelastic crystal promotes the formation of mixed phases and domains, i.e., domain and phase de-strain with local strains determined by a common tangent construction on the free energy versus strain curves. It is demonstrated that a domain structure can be understood using the concepts of domain/phase rule, lever rule, coherent and incoherent de-strain within the de-strain model description, in a complete analogy to phase decomposition. The proposed de-strain model is validated using phase-field simulations and experimental observations of PbTiO_3 and BiFeO_3 thin films as examples. The de-strain model provides a simple tool to guide and design domain structures of ferroelastic systems.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL on 22Jan16, and reported on the 2016 MRS spring meeting
Vertex weighted Laplacian graph energy and other topological indices
Creators: name: Sharafdini, Reza
name: Panahbar, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 05C90, 15A18, 15A42, 92E10

description: Let $G$ be a graph with a vertex weight $ω$ and the vertices $v_1,\ldots,v_n$. The Laplacian matrix of $G$ with respect to $ω$ is defined as $L_ω(G)=\mathrm{diag}(ω(v_1),\cdots,ω(v_n))-A(G)$, where $A(G)$ is the adjacency matrix of $G$. Let $μ_1,\cdots,μ_n$ be eigenvalues of $L_ω(G)$. Then the Laplacian energy of $G$ with respect to $ω$ defined as $LE_ω(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n\big|μ_i - \barω\big|$, where $\barω$ is the average of $ω$, i.e., $\barω=\dfrac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}ω(v_i)}{n}$. In this paper we consider several natural vertex weights of $G$ and obtain some inequalities between the ordinary and Laplacian energies of $G$ with corresponding vertex weights. Finally, we apply our results to the molecular graph of toroidal fullerenes (or achiral polyhex nanotorus).
Preventive Impella® support in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Creators: name: Benke, Kálmán
name: Korça, Edina
name: Boltjes, Anniek
name: Stengl, Roland
name: Hofmann, Britt
name: Matin, Meradjoddin
name: Krohe, Katharina
name: Yakobus, Yuliana
name: Michaelsen, Jens Kersten
name: Khizaneishvili, Levan
name: Szabó, Gábor
name: Veres, Gábor
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Patients with severely reduced LV-EF ≤ 30% undergoing CABG have a high risk for postoperative cardiogenic shock. The optimal timing of an adequate hemodynamic support has an impact on short- and midterm mortality after CABG. This study aimed to assess the prophylactic use of the Impella pump in high-risk patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, 14 patients with LV-EF (≤30%) undergoing cardiac surgery received a prophylactic, perioperative Impella (5.0, 5.5) support between 2020 and 2022. Results: The mean age at surgery was 64.2 ± 2.6 years, the mean preoperative LV-EF was 20.7% ± 1.56%. The duration of Impella support was 4 (3–7.8) days and the 30-day survival rate was 92.85%. Acute renal failure occurred in four patients who were dialyzed on average for 1.2 ± 0.7 days. Mechanical ventilation was needed for 1.75 (0.9–2.7) days. Time to inotrope/vasopressor independence was 2 (0.97–7.25) days with a highest lactate level (24 h postoperatively) of 3.8 ± 0.6 mmol/l. Postoperative LV-EF showed a significant improvement when compared to preoperative LV-EF (29.1% ± 2.6% vs. 20.7% ± 1.56% (p = 0.022)). Conclusion: The prophylactic Impella application seems to be a safe approach to improve the outcomes of this patient population.
Merger-induced Shocks in the Nearby LIRG VV 114 through Methanol Observations with ALMA
Creators: name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Iono, Daisuke
name: Espada, Daniel
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Ueda, Junko
name: Sugai, Hajime
name: Takano, Shuro
name: Yun, Min S.
name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Ohashi, Satoshi
name: Lee, Minju
name: Hagiwara, Yoshiaki
name: Motohara, Kentaro
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of two CH$_3$OH lines (J$_K$ = 2$_K$-1$_K$ and 3$_K$-2$_K$) between the progenitor's disks ("Overlap") of the mid-stage merging galaxy VV 114 obtained using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 3 and Band 4. The detected CH$_3$OH emission show an extended filamentary structure (~ 3 kpc) across the progenitor's disks with relatively large velocity width (FWZI ~ 150 km/s). The emission is only significant in the "overlap" and not detected in the two merging nuclei. Assuming optically-thin emission and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), we found the CH$_3$OH column density relative to H$_2$ ($X_{\rm CH_3OH}$) peaks at the "Overlap" (~ 8 $\times$ 10$^{-9}$), which is almost an order of magnitude larger than that at the eastern nucleus. We suggest that kpc-scale shocks driven by galaxy-galaxy collision may play an important role to enhance the CH$_3$OH abundance at the "Overlap". This scenario is consistent with that shock-induced large velocity dispersion components of ionized gas have been detected in optical wavelength at the same region. Conversely, low $X_{\rm CH_3OH}$ at the nuclear regions might be attributed to the strong photodissociation by nuclear starbursts and/or putative active galactic nucleus (AGN), or inefficient production of CH$_3$OH on dust grains due to initial high temperature conditions (i.e., desorption of the precursor molecule, CO, into gas-phase before forming CH$_3$OH on dust grains). These ALMA observations demonstrate that CH$_3$OH is a unique tool to address kpc-scale shock-induced gas dynamics and star formation in merging galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ