cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-contact PPG Signal and Heart Rate Estimation with Multi-hierarchical Convolutional Network
Creators: name: Li, Bin
name: Zhang, Panpan
name: Peng, Jinye
name: Fu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heartbeat rhythm and heart rate (HR) are important physiological parameters of the human body. This study presents an efficient multi-hierarchical spatio-temporal convolutional network that can quickly estimate remote physiological (rPPG) signal and HR from face video clips. First, the facial color distribution characteristics are extracted using a low-level face feature generation (LFFG) module. Then, the three-dimensional (3D) spatio-temporal stack convolution module (STSC) and multi-hierarchical feature fusion module (MHFF) are used to strengthen the spatio-temporal correlation of multi-channel features. In the MHFF, sparse optical flow is used to capture the tiny motion information of faces between frames and generate a self-adaptive region of interest (ROI) skin mask. Finally, the signal prediction module (SP) is used to extract the estimated rPPG signal. The heart rate estimation results show that the proposed network overperforms the state-of-the-art methods on three datasets, 1) UBFC-RPPG, 2) COHFACE, 3) our dataset, with the mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.15, 5.57, 1.75 beats per minute (bpm) respectively.
description: 34 pages,8 figures
title: Vaping Lung Disease: Imaging Findings at the Mayo Clinic and Review and Discussion of Vaping Devices and Related Chemical Components of Vaping Agents
Creators: name: Mergo, Patricia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Occupational / Environmental hazards
subject: Biological effects
subject: Acute
subject: eLearning
subject: Complications
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung
subject: eHealth
subject: Chest

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To become familiar with some of the commercially available vaping devices. To gain an understanding of the basic mechanism of action of the vaping devices. To recognize the radiographic findings of vaping-associated ling injury (VAPI) or e-cigarette...
title: Angiosarcoma of the breast, a forgotten tumor
Creators: name: SÁNCHEZ GARCIA, DANIEL
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Cancer
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the findings of the angiosarcoma of the breast in mammography, ultrasound and MRI in our patients, with radiologic-pathologic correlation. To review the medical literature to supplement our findings and expose the most characteristic...
A Stunning Backdrop - Bibliography
Creators: name: Graham, Mary
Publisher: name: University of Calgary Press
Year: 2022

description: A Stunning Backdrop is the unconventional, untold story of Alberta’s film history, defined by the terrible beauty of its pristine landscape, surprisingly important to Hollywood, and recaptured in lost or ignored Indigenous perspectives and stories. This bibliography details books and articles, websites and databases, newspapers, archives, and interviews referenced in the writing of the book. It comprises pages 385-393 of the first printing.
title: Adrenal masses - common and uncommon findings
Creators: name: Belyanova, Magdalena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Metastases
subject: Cysts
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Retroperitoneum
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To learn how to differentiate adenoma from metastasis To recognize which patients would benefit from MRI study To review uncommon adrenal lesions and their imaging...
In vitro metabolism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
Creators: name: Moffatt, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that have been used as additive flame-retardants in a variety of consumer products since 1965. The widespread use of PBDEs coupled with their high lipophilicity and chemical stability resulted in the ubiquitous distribution of PBDEs in the environment. 2,2',4,4-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is among the most prevalent PBDE detected in human, wildlife, and abiotic samples. BDE-47 has been detected in air, sediment, fish, marine mammals, and in human blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk. Laboratory studies have shown that PBDEs can be metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs). OH-PBDEs are of toxicological interest as OH-PBDEs show greater affinity for the thyroid hormone receptor than the natural ligand or PBDEs. OH-PBDEs have been detected in blood and feces of rodents treated with BDE-47 and various OH-PBDEs have been found in human plasma. The most common method for the detection and quantification of PBDEs and OH-PBDEs in environmental samples has been gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). GC-based methods are sensitive, but require derivatization of OH-PBDEs. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) provides an alternative analytical technique that does not require derivatization. Although several UPLC/MS methods have been used to detect and quantify OH-PBDEs, a fully validated UPLC/MS method does not exist. The UPLC/MS method used in the present study was validated to detect and quantify two OH-tri-BDEs and five OH-tetra-BDEs in rat hepatic microsomes. This method was then applied to investigate the biotransformation of BDE-47 using hepatic microsomes prepared from rats that had been pretreated with known CYP enzyme inducers and using a panel of rat recombinant CYP enzymes. Five OH-tetra-BDE metabolites were identified (4-OH-BDE-42, 3-OH-BDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-47, and 4'-OH-BDE-49). The formation of OH-tri-BDEs was not detected. The kinetic parameters of all identified metabolites, with the exception of 6-OH-BDE-47, were determined. Using the rat recombinant enzyme panel, CYP1A1, CYP2A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C6, and CYP3A1 were identified as being involved in the biotransformation of BDE-47.
Thermal gauge theories with Lagrange multiplier fields
Creators: name: Brandt, F. T.
name: Frenkel, J.
name: Martins-Filho, S.
name: McKeon, D. G. C.
name: Sakoda, G. S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Yang-Mills theory and quantum gravity at finite temperature, in the presence of Lagrange multiplier fields. These restrict the path integrals to field configurations which obey the classical equations of motion. This has the effect of doubling the usual one--loop thermal contributions and of suppressing all radiative corrections at higher loop order. Such theories are renormalizable at all temperatures. Some consequences of this result in quantum gravity are briefly examined.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the Canadian Journal of Physics (typos corrected)
title: Adolescent Retroareolar Cysts. A 10 years local review starting from a case.
Creators: name: Rivera, Marcela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Inflammation
subject: Cysts
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Paediatric
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Recognize this underestimated pathology, starting from a case. Describe the possible pathophysiology and its evolution. Review the local frequency of cases in the last 10...
A Clinton Campaign Would Help Obama
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: As Hilary Clinton prepares to leave the Secretary of State position, there is much speculation about her next move. If Clinton decides to run, and makes that decision soon, she will clear most of the potential Democratic field. This means that at least a handful of members of congress who would have otherwise been running for president for most of the next four years will be instead focusing more on their work in congress and building their resumes for the future beyond 2016.
Romney Lost That Debate, But Not Last Night
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A consensus is emerging that President Obama did much better in the second presidential debate than in the first one a few weeks ago. With his strong showing on Tuesday night, Obama has again solidified his position as the frontrunner and moved another step closer to reelection. Despite his tendency to talk over the moderator and the president, and at times to bully the former, Republican hopeful Mitt Romney did not perform terribly in the debate. He made a respectable effort to answer the questions, provide some specifics and criticize the President's record.
On the importance of heavy fields during inflation
Creators: name: Cespedes, Sebastian
name: Atal, Vicente
name: Palma, Gonzalo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of two-field models of inflation characterized by a hierarchy of masses between curvature and isocurvature modes. When the hierarchy is large, a low energy effective field theory (EFT) exists in which only curvature modes participate in the dynamics of perturbations. In this EFT heavy fields continue to have a significant role in the low energy dynamics, as their interaction with curvature modes reduces their speed of sound whenever the multi-field trajectory is subject to a sharp turn in target space. Here we analyze under which general conditions this EFT remains a reliable description for the linear evolution of curvature modes. We find that the main condition consists on demanding that the rate of change of the turn's angular velocity stays suppressed with respect to the masses of heavy modes. This adiabaticity condition allows the EFT to accurately describe a large variety of situations in which the multi-field trajectory is subject to sharp turns. To test this, we analyze several models with turns and show that, indeed, the power spectra obtained for both the original two-field theory and its single-field EFT are identical when the adiabaticity condition is satisfied. In particular, when turns are sharp and sudden, they are found to generate large features in the power spectrum, accurately reproduced by the EFT.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures. v2: improved discussion on the validity of the EFT, added references. v3: minor changes, version as in JCAP
The information-theoretic costs of simulating quantum measurements
Creators: name: Wilde, Mark M.
name: Hayden, Patrick
name: Buscemi, Francesco
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Winter's measurement compression theorem stands as one of the most penetrating insights of quantum information theory (QIT). In addition to making an original and profound statement about measurement in quantum theory, it also underlies several other general protocols in QIT. In this paper, we provide a full review of Winter's measurement compression theorem, detailing the information processing task, giving examples for understanding it, reviewing Winter's achievability proof, and detailing a new approach to its single-letter converse theorem. We prove an extension of the theorem to the case in which the sender is not required to receive the outcomes of the simulated measurement. The total cost of common randomness and classical communication can be lower for such a "non-feedback" simulation, and we prove a single-letter converse theorem demonstrating optimality. We then review the Devetak-Winter theorem on classical data compression with quantum side information, providing new proofs of its achievability and converse parts. From there, we outline a new protocol that we call "measurement compression with quantum side information," announced previously by two of us in our work on triple trade-offs in quantum Shannon theory. This protocol has several applications, including its part in the "classically-assisted state redistribution" protocol, which is the most general protocol on the static side of the quantum information theory tree, and its role in reducing the classical communication cost in a task known as local purity distillation. We also outline a connection between measurement compression with quantum side information and recent work on entropic uncertainty relations in the presence of quantum memory. Finally, we prove a single-letter theorem characterizing measurement compression with quantum side information when the sender is not required to obtain the measurement outcome.
description: 77 pages, 7 figures; v2, minor changes to clarify notation
Classification and Uncertainty Quantification of Corrupted Data using Semi-Supervised Autoencoders
Creators: name: Joppich, Philipp
name: Dorn, Sebastian
name: De Candido, Oliver
name: Utschick, Wolfgang
name: Knollmüller, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Parametric and non-parametric classifiers often have to deal with real-world data, where corruptions like noise, occlusions, and blur are unavoidable - posing significant challenges. We present a probabilistic approach to classify strongly corrupted data and quantify uncertainty, despite the model only having been trained with uncorrupted data. A semi-supervised autoencoder trained on uncorrupted data is the underlying architecture. We use the decoding part as a generative model for realistic data and extend it by convolutions, masking, and additive Gaussian noise to describe imperfections. This constitutes a statistical inference task in terms of the optimal latent space activations of the underlying uncorrupted datum. We solve this problem approximately with Metric Gaussian Variational Inference (MGVI). The supervision of the autoencoder's latent space allows us to classify corrupted data directly under uncertainty with the statistically inferred latent space activations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model uncertainty strongly depends on whether the classification is correct or wrong, setting a basis for a statistical "lie detector" of the classification. Independent of that, we show that the generative model can optimally restore the uncorrupted datum by decoding the inferred latent space activations.
The Same Fertility Ideals as in the Country of Origin? A Study of the Personal Ideal Family Size among Immigrant Women in Italy
Creators: name: Mussino, Eleonora
name: Ortensi, Livia Elisa
Publisher: name: Federal Institute for Population Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ideal number of children; Fertility; Migrants; Italy; Gender Norms

description: The role of the personal ideal family size for international migrants has rarely been studied in the current debate on fertility and migration in the European context. It is not known to which extent the reduction of fertility observed among immigrants who settle in a country where fertility is lower than in their country of origin is the result of a change in fertility norms among those immigrants. The study of migrants’ ideals family size has the potential to shed light on fertility norms without the interference of economic conditions and migration-related disruptive phenomena. Due to the complexity of its migration context, Italy is an interesting destination country for studying changes in migrants’ ideal family sizes. This paper uses data from the survey of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) on immigrant families conducted in 2011-12. We compare the personal ideal family size of women of reproductive age with the prevalent norm in their country of origin, applying a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results show that the country of origin has an important role in the determination of immigrants’ ideal family sizes. Women from countries where large families are the ideal are more likely to show a lower personal ideal family size compared to their non-migrant co-nationals, while women from countries where two children are considered ideal mostly share the same norm. The occurrence of fertility preferences expressed in a non-numeric form (e.g. “Up to God”) changes between women with different countries of origin. This study confirms that conformity with the ideal of the country of origin is more likely among women who migrated as adults. At the same time, the number of years spent in the destination country is not significantly associated with a shift away from the norms prevalent in the country of origin. Finally, female empowerment and gender equity show their effects mainly on the reduction of non-numeric responses.

*             This article belongs to a special issue on migrant fertility.
description: Comparative Population Studies, Vol 43 (2018)
Whistleblowing the whistleblower- are head contact penalties a target for injury prevention in youth and university basketball?
Creators: name: Fehr, Christy
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: basketball
subject: video analysis
subject: sport
subject: injury
subject: concussion
subject: Epidemiology

description: This thesis contains two original data papers, both using video analysis to determine incidence of head contacts (HCs), suspected concussion and injury, and other important factors contributing to injury outcomes in basketball. The first study focuses on male and female university level basketball players competing in the 2019/2020 regular season. Video analysis was used to compare the incidence of suspected concussion, injury, and HCs (both direct, [HC1], and indirect [HC2]). Further, we assessed proportions of these outcomes that occurred by game event, as well as court location and penalization of HCs. Our main finding from this study was males sustained HC1s at a 1.55-fold greater rate than females. Despite illegality of HC in basketball competition, we revealed an astonishingly low proportion of HCs were assessed as a foul by referees. The second study assessed the same research question with the same objectives but was focused on a youth demographic. We divided games into divisions (Division 1 and Division 2) for a more like comparison concerning age and skill level. We found no statistically significant sex differences in our study outcomes in Division 1, however, Division 2 boys sustained HC1s at a 1.42-fold greater rate than females in Division 2. Although most of our rates were not statistically different between sexes, our point estimates do warrant concern regarding our injury outcomes for youth in both Divisions. Common to both studies, the ‘key’ was the most common court location for sustaining HCs. Game events varied by sex within each study, but commonly reported for sustaining HCs was the act of rebounding both offensively and defensively. Overall, these studies highlight potential sex differences that may exist when assessing HCs, suspected concussion and injury, and the need for targeting stricter penalization of HCs in competition.
The complex socio-spatial architecture of Rhizopogon spp. mycorrhizal networks in xeric and mesic old-growth interior Douglas-fir forest plots
Creators: name: Beiler, Kevin Jon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Mycorrhizal networks (MNs) can influence tree establishment and resource competition but little is known regarding their underlying architecture in situ. This study examined the socio-spatial architecture of MNs between Rhizopogon spp. genets and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) trees in an old-growth forest. MN features were contrasted between plots with xeric versus mesic soil moisture regimes as a proxy for changes in site water stress anticipated with climate change. My objectives were to: (1) describe the fine-scale spatial patterns and autecological traits of R. vesiculosus and R. vinicolor mycelia systems and compare these between xeric and mesic plots; (2) describe the spatial patterns and architecture of Rhizopogon spp. MNs at the forest stand scale; (3) contrast MN architectures between phytocentric and mycocentric perspectives and between xeric and mesic plots, and identify critical determinants of MN architectures. Rhizopogon vesiculosus mycelia occurred deeper, were more spatially prolific, and colonized more tree roots than R. vinicolor mycelia. Both species were associated with moist microsites within plots, and had more prolific mycelia in mesic compared to xeric plots. The occurrence of R. vesiculosus shifted in the presence of R. vinicolor towards deeper soil horizons, suggesting competition and foraging strategy are important for niche partitioning between these species. At the forest stand scale, Rhizopogon spp. genets spanned tens of metres and colonized up to 19 trees, but R. vesiculosus genets were larger and linked more trees than R. vinicolor genets. Multiple tree cohorts were linked, with saplings and mature trees sharing the same fungal genets. Across all plots, the physical size of individual trees or fungal genets was positively related to their MN connectivity. This together with size asymmetries among different genets and trees resulted in the self-organization of complex, hierarchical scale-free MN architectures. The MNs appear robust to random perturbations but susceptible to the loss of large trees or fungal genets. No MN structural differences were found between phytocentric and mycocentric models or between xeric versus mesic plots. The pervasive mycelia and extensive MNs formed by these Rhizopogon spp. could influence interior Douglas-fir stand dynamics and resistance to water stress.
Data for reproducibility of results in the paper "Efficient gPC-based quantification of probabilistic robustness for systems in neuroscience" by U. Sutulovic, D. Proverbio, R. Katz, and G. Giordano
Creators: name: Sutulovic, Uros
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Data for reproducing the plots in the conference paper "Efficient gPC-based quantification of probabilistic robustness for systems in neuroscience" by U. Sutulovic, D. Proverbio, R. Katz, and G. Giordano, presented at the European Control Conference (ECC) 2025 in Thessaloniki (Greece).
title: Delving deep into Neuromigrational Disorders
Creators: name: bansal, sofia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: Paediatric
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Congenital
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Rapid review ofthe chronology, embryology, and radiological spectrum of neuromigrational...
F-Theory, Seiberg-Witten Curves and N = 2 Dualities
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Keshav
name: Seo, Jihye
name: Wissanji, Alisha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: F-theoretic constructions can alternatively be understood as consequences of certain N = 2 Seiberg-Witten theories via type IIB r D3s probing the quantum corrected orientifold backgrounds. We present four models that come out from such consideration. In Model 1, the 7-branes wrap the flat R^4 directions, leading to the well known Sp(2r) theories. We study singularity structure of moduli space of Seiberg-Witten curve, such as maximal Argyres-Douglas loci, in order to construct 1-1 map between moduli spaces. In Model 2, the 7-branes are wrapped on Taub-NUT and multi Taub-NUT spaces instead of R^4. These configurations may explain many of the Gaiotto-type constructions including possible extensions to non-conformal models with cascading behaviors. In this model the UV is described by the probe D3s decomposed into D5-anti D5 pairs wrapped on multi Taub-NUT space, while the IR remains a 4d theory. For certain arrangements of the 7-branes, this model may be dualized to the brane networks of Benini, Benvenuti and Tachikawa. The Gaiotto dualities in Model 2 are explained by chiral anomaly cancellations, anti-GSO projections and brane transmutations. Model 3 is described by seven-branes wrapped on a K3 manifold and D3 and anti-D3 probes whose number may differ at most by 24. These constructions could lead to new N = 2 models with possible dualities to both type IIB and heterotic theories on non-Kahler manifolds. In the limit where the number of probes becomes very large, the physics is captured by M(atrix) theory on K3 x K3 manifold. Finally, Model 4 is described by k D3s probing intersecting seven-brane backgrounds with Sp(2k) x Sp(2k) gauge group. These constructions could produce new N =1 heterotic dual on a non-Kahler K3 manifold that is no longer conformally Calabi-Yau. We discuss possible constraints on these models coming from global charge and anomaly cancellations in F-theory.
description: 117 pages, 33 figures, LaTex; v2: Text elaborated at many places, a new appendix added, figure 15 changed, typos corrected and references added. Final version to appear in JHEP
Data and the scientific literature: new directions in what data gets published, how it happens & why it matters
Creators: name: Vision, Todd
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: data publishing
data archiving

description: Presented at the National data integrity conference: enabling research: new challenges & opportunities held on May 7-8, 2015 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Researchers, administrators and integrity officers are encountering new challenges regarding research data and integrity. This conference aims to provide attendees with both a high level understanding of these challenges and impart practical tools and skills to deal with them. Topics will include data reproducibility, validity, privacy, security, visualization, reuse, access, preservation, rights and management.
description: Todd Vision is as Associate Professor of Biology, UNC Chapel Hill, Associate Director of Informatics, National Evolutionary Synthesis Center and PI, Board Member, Dryad Digital Repository.
description: PowerPoint presentation given on May 7, 2015.
Generating Fast Code from Concurrent Program Dependence Graphs
Creators: name: Zeng, Jia
name: Soviani, Cristian
name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: While concurrency in embedded systems is most often supplied by real-time operating systems, this approach can be unpredictable and difficult to debug. Synchronous concurrency, in which a system marches in lockstep to a global clock, is conceptually easier and potentially more efficient because it can be statically scheduled beforehand. We present an algorithm for generating efficient sequential code from such synchronous concurrent specifications. Starting from a concurrent program dependence graph generated from the synchronous, concurrent language Esterel, we generate efficient, statically scheduled sequential code while adding a minimal amount of runtime scheduling overhead. Experimentally, we obtain speedups as high as six times over existing techniques. While we applied our technique to Esterel, it should be applicable to other synchronous, concurrent languages.
The Community-Led Approach: A Holistic Methodology to Addressing Rural Drinking Water Advisories in Samson Cree Nation
Creators: name: Lauret, Ayla
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: water
subject: wastewater
subject: decentralized
subject: Indigenous
subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: Drinking Water Advisories (DWAs) affect Indigenous Communities across Canada, with focus being given to specific problems impacting centralized systems. This thesis explores the largely undocumented rural systems context and how wastewater systems must be considered in tandem. In partnership with Samson Cree Nation, through Indigenous Research Methodologies like Two-Eyed Seeing this thesis presents research that investigated the community’s approach to solving drinking water concerns. Using deductive thematic analysis, the qualitative data was used to evaluate the benefits and challenges of a community-led approach and to quantify the impact that DWAs have on Samson Cree Nation residents. Historical data and onsite inspection data was evaluated to define the extent of DWA’s, the condition of rural servicing infrastructure, and the impact of existing regulation and water governance practices. Findings indicated that the community-led approach allowed the Nation to advocate and articulate issues specific to the Nation and develop solutions that reflected the community’s unique needs. Quantitative data showed that 15% of homes were under a Boil Water Advisory and up to 50% of homes under Do Not Consume orders. A majority of rural water and septic systems were beyond their expected life and 70% of septic systems had failed and been converted to a ‘shoot-out’ septic waste system, within close proximity to a house and/or well. Considering the prevalence of DWAs, the issue extends beyond merely physical condition. The existing regulations and funding policies are outdated and counter to long-term solutions. Within Samson Cree Nation, the lack of clear regulation and quality control has created uncertainties and inconsistencies. Specifically, in the lack of monitoring and regulation surrounding construction. Minimal operation and maintenance have resulted in failing infrastructure and general distrust across the Nation both in individual systems and the Nations capacity to address concerns. Other issues identified by interviewees included the Nations’ lack of capacity and awareness about rural water issues. Overall, the success of the Nation-led approach highlights the importance of Indigenous-led partnership and collaboration. However, to obtain long-term solutions for DWAs, the regulations and policies that govern must be adapted to minimize the prevalence of short-term band-aid solutions.
The effect of altered oxygen tensions and exercise on flow-mediated dilation
Creators: name: Wong, Lisa Elaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Breathing hypoxia increases vasodilation during exercise, whereas breathing hyperoxia is known to increase vascular resistance. However, little is known about the effect of altered oxygen tensions on endothelial function, particularly following an acute bout of exercise in trained individuals. The purpose of our study was to assess the effects of constant load cycling and different levels of inspired oxygen (FIO₂) on endothelial function measured via flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy trained men. It was hypothesized that exercising while breathing normoxic or hypoxic gas would improve FMD, whereas hyperoxic gas would not alter FMD. The study used a randomized crossover design. Thirteen healthy, recreationally active males (22±3 yrs) volunteered to participate. Subjects completed three graded exercise tests breathing either 16% O₂ (HYPO), 21% O₂ (NOX) or 100% O₂ (HYPER) to determine gas-specific maximal workload (Wmax). Subjects then performed three, 40-minute, constant-load cycling trials at 50% of the gas specific Wmax. Baseline FMD was measured during rest after 30 minutes of gas exposure and 30 minutes following each exercise trial, while breathing the experimental gas. No differences in baseline diameter, shear rate, time-to-peak dilation or FMD were found at rest or after exercise with any gas. Our data indicates that alterations in FIO₂ with and without exercise have no affect on vascular measures in young trained males. Exercise could have been more powerful on influencing the vasculature than changes in FIO₂. Training status and associated vascular remodeling and oxidant production could also account for the lack of change observed with FMD after exercise.
title: Final integrated diagnosis of infratentorial paediatric brain tumours – What radiologists needs to know?
Creators: name: Ushanandhini, Ganesan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Pathology
subject: Cancer
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1) To understand the recent WHO brain tumour classification updates. 2) To identify the signature MRI features that suggests the histologic type, grade and possible genetic origin of the infratentorial pediatric brain tumours. 3) To make use of...
Double Field Theory and N=4 Gauged Supergravity
Creators: name: Geissbühler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double Field Theory describes the NS-NS sector of string theory and lives on a doubled spacetime. The theory has a local gauge symmetry generated by a generalization of the Lie derivative for doubled coordinates. For the action to be invariant under this symmetry, a differential constraint is imposed on the fields and gauge parameters, reducing their possible dependence in the doubled coordinates. We perform a Scherk-Schwarz reduction of Double Field Theory, yielding electric gaugings of half-maximal supergravity in four dimensions when integrability conditions are assumed. The residual symmetries of the compactified theory are mapped with the symmetries of the effective theory and the differential constraints of Double Field Theory are compared with the algebraic conditions on the embedding tensor. It is found that only a weaker form of the differential constraint has to be imposed on background fields to ensure the local gauge symmetry of the reduced action.
description: 25 pages; v2: typos corrected, published version
Slepian Scale-Discretised Wavelets on the Sphere
Creators: name: Roddy, Patrick J.
name: McEwen, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work presents the construction of a novel spherical wavelet basis designed for incomplete spherical datasets, i.e. datasets which are missing in a particular region of the sphere. The eigenfunctions of the Slepian spatial-spectral concentration problem (the Slepian functions) are a set of orthogonal basis functions which are more concentrated within a defined region. Slepian functions allow one to compute a convolution on the incomplete sphere by leveraging the recently proposed sifting convolution and extending it to any set of basis functions. Through a tiling of the Slepian harmonic line, one may construct scale-discretised wavelets. An illustration is presented based on an example region on the sphere defined by the topographic map of the Earth. The Slepian wavelets and corresponding wavelet coefficients are constructed from this region and are used in a straightforward denoising example.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
A study of existing site security policies for sensitive data and protocols for responding to breaches
Creators: name: Helena, Lodenius
name: Juan, Gonzalez-Garcia
name: Harald, Wagener
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Security policies
Breach reponse protocols
Secure processing environments

description: Task 5.4 in work package 5 (WP5) of HealthyCloud aimed to survey several European computational infrastructures with emphasis on security policies and breach response protocols, as well as the logical components regarding how health data is managed at each of the sites. The security aspects also relate to the management of users regarding access to the sensitive data and the analysis of it on remote computational resources. The information gathered via the survey will help to deepen understanding of the technological challenges for enabling an information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure allowing secure access to sensitive health research data across Europe.
The deliverable D5.4 presents an overview of the current practices with regard to identification of users and access control, data processing, managing and monitoring the environment, as well as organisational policies and procedures.
The Influence of Midsole Thickness on Running, Does Size Matter?
Creators: name: Barrons, Zach
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Footwear
subject: Gender
subject: Performance
subject: Education--Health

description: In 2020, World Athletics amended their footwear regulations to include a maximum midsole thickness of 40-mm to “protect the integrity of sport”. However, there was no evidence to support the restriction therefore, the purposes of this dissertation were to determine; i) the influence of midsole thickness on the energetic cost of running, ii) the influence of midsole thickness on frontal plane ankle angle and performance when running curves, and iii) the influence of midsole thickness on muscle damage associated with a training-style run. Twenty-one runners participated in the first study, performing five-minute treadmill running trials in four footwear conditions. The footwear conditions were nearly identical except for their midsole which ranged from 35- to 50-mm in increments of 5-mm. Midsole thickness did not influence the energetic cost of running however, it did increase ankle eversion. In conclusion, running on a midsole thicker than 35-mm is inadvisable given that it will not provide a performance advantage but will impact frontal plane ankle angle. Thirteen recreational athletes participated in the second study testing the impact of two footwear conditions on curved running. Participants performed ten running trials around each of three curves of radii. Midsole thickness did not impact frontal plane ankle angle of the outside leg or performance across any of the three curves. Sixteen recreational runners with personal best 5-, or 10-km race times shorter than 24-, and 50-minutes, respectively, were recruited to participate in the third study. Participants performed a 60-minute training-style run in two nearly identical footwear conditions that differed only in midsole thickness, before and after which blood draws were performed for markers of muscle damage. Pre-to-post, there was not a statistically significant difference in magnitude of change in concentration of markers of muscle damage between shoes, although the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase did increase more so when running in the 35-mm footwear condition. In conclusion, midsole thickness did not impact the change in concentration of markers of muscle damage during a simulated training-style run. The results of this dissertation would suggest the World Athletic restriction on midsole thickness is not required and should be reconsidered.
High Performance Firewalls in MANETs
Creators: name: Zhao, Hang
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: Doing route selection based in part on source addresses is a form of policy routing, which has started to receive increased amounts of attention. In this paper, we extend our previous work on ROLF (ROuting as the Firewall Layer) to achieve source prefix filtering. This permits easy definition of "inside" and "outside", even in MANET environment where there is no topological boundary. We present algorithms for route propagation and packet forwarding using ROFL, we measure its performance in a simulated environment with two different ad hoc routing protocols. Simulation results demonstrate that ROFL can significantly reduce unwanted packets without extra control traffic incurred, and thus improves overall system performance and preserves battery power of mobile nodes. ROFL is the first scheme to provide a concrete defense against some battery exhaustion attacks in MANETs. Moreover, it requires only minor changes to existing ad hoc network routing protocols, making it practical and feasible to be deployed in real world.
title: Cardiac MRI: approaches to quantification of left ventricular non-compaction
Creators: name: Pilius, Polina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Retrospective
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: MR
subject: Cardiac
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Multicentre study

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Study the imaging appearance of non-compaction of the left ventricular myocardium and acquired heart pathologies. Evaluate the role of Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in identification and classification of left ventricular non-compaction...
Virtual Northern Analysis of the Human Genome
Creators: name: Hurowitz, Evan H.
name: Drori, Iddo
name: Stodden, Victoria C.
name: Brown, Patrick O.
name: Donoho, David L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular biology

description: We applied the Virtual Northern technique to human brain mRNA to systematically measure human mRNA transcript lengths on a genome-wide scale. We used separation by gel electrophoresis followed by hybridization to cDNA microarrays to measure 8,774 mRNA transcript lengths representing at least 6,238 genes at high (>90%) confidence. By comparing these transcript lengths to the Refseq and H-Invitational full-length cDNA databases, we found that nearly half of our measurements appeared to represent novel transcript variants. Comparison of length measurements determined by hybridization to different cDNAs derived from the same gene identified clones that potentially correspond to alternative transcript variants. We observed a close linear relationship between ORF and mRNA lengths in human mRNAs, identical in form to the relationship we had previously identified in yeast. Some functional classes of protein are encoded by mRNAs whose untranslated regions (UTRs) tend to be longer or shorter than average; these functional classes were similar in both human and yeast. Human transcript diversity is extensive and largely unannotated. Our length dataset can be used as a new criterion for judging the completeness of cDNAs and annotating mRNA sequences. Similar relationships between the lengths of the UTRs in human and yeast mRNAs and the functions of the proteins they encode suggest that UTR sequences serve an important regulatory role among eukaryotes.
Inverse modelling in estimating soil hydraulic functions: a Genetic Algorithm approach
Creators: name: Ines, Amor Valeriano M.
name: Droogers, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Hydrology

description: The practical application of simulation models in the field is sometimes hindered by the difficulty of deriving the soil hydraulic properties of the study area. The procedure so-called inverse modelling has been investigated in many studies to address the problem where most of the studies were limited to hypothetical soil profile and soil core samples in the laboratory. Often, the numerical approach called forward-backward simulation is employed to generate synthetic data then added with random errors to mimic the real-world condition. Inverse modelling is used to backtrack the expected values of the parameters. This study explored the potential of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to estimate inversely the soil hydraulic functions in the unsaturated zone. Lysimeter data from a wheat experiment in India were used in the analysis. Two cases were considered: (1) a numerical case where the forward-backward approach was employed and (2) the experimental case where the real data from the lysimeter experiment were used. Concurrently, the use of soil water, evapotranspiration (ET) and the combination of both were investigated as criteria in the inverse modelling. Results showed that using soil water as a criterion provides more accurate parameter estimates than using ET. However, from a practical point of view, ET is more attractive as it can be obtained with reasonable accuracy on a regional scale from remote sensing observations. The experimental study proved that the forward-backward approach does not take into account the effects of model errors. The formulation of the problem is found to be critical for a successful parameter estimation. The sensitivity of parameters to the objective function and their zone of influence in the soil column are major determinants in the solution. Generally, their effects sometimes lead to non-uniqueness in the solution but to some extent are partly handled by GA. Overall, it was concluded that the GA approach is promising to the inverse problem in the unsaturated zone.