cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dietary Macronutrient Composition Differentially Modulates the Remodeling of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism during NAFLD
Creators: name: Kattapuram, Nathan
name: Zhang, Christine
name: Muyyarikkandy, Muhammed S.
name: Surugihalli, Chaitra
name: Muralidaran, Vaishna
name: Gregory, Tabitha
name: Sunny, Nishanth E.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: mitochondria
fatty liver
lipogenesis
targeted metabolics
mass spectrometry
lipid oxidation

description: Diets rich in fats and carbohydrates aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), of which mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature. It is not clear whether a high-carbohydrate driven ‘lipogenic’ diet differentially affects mitochondrial oxidative remodeling compared to a high-fat driven ‘oxidative’ environment. We hypothesized that the high-fat driven ‘oxidative’ environment will chronically sustain mitochondrial oxidative function, hastening metabolic dysfunction during NAFLD. Mice (C57BL/6NJ) were reared on a low-fat (LF; 10% fat calories), high-fat (HF; 60% fat calories), or high-fructose/high-fat (HFr/HF; 25% fat and 34.9% fructose calories) diet for 10 weeks. De novo lipogenesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from D2O into newly synthesized liver lipids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Hepatic mitochondrial metabolism was profiled under fed and fasted states by the incubation of isolated mitochondria with [13C3]pyruvate, targeted metabolomics of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, estimates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and hepatic gene and protein expression. De novo lipogenesis was higher in the HFr/HF mice compared to their HF counterparts. Contrary to our expectations, hepatic oxidative function after fasting was induced in the HFr/HF group. This differential induction of mitochondrial oxidative function by the high fructose-driven ‘lipogenic’ environment could influence the progressive severity of hepatic insulin resistance.
Differential Gene Expression in the Heads of Behaviorally Divergent Culex pipiens Mosquitoes
Creators: name: Noreuil, Anna
name: Fritz, Megan L.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: Culex pipiens
host preference
RNA sequencing
gene expression
whole heads
sensory genes

description: Host preferences of Cx. pipiens, a bridge vector for West Nile virus to humans, have the potential to drive pathogen transmission dynamics. Yet much remains unknown about the extent of variation in these preferences and their molecular basis. We conducted host choice assays in a laboratory setting to quantify multi-day human and avian landing rates for Cx. pipiens females. Assayed populations originated from five above-ground and three below-ground breeding and overwintering habitats. All three below-ground populations were biased toward human landings, with rates of human landing ranging from 69–85%. Of the five above-ground populations, four had avian landing rates of >80%, while one landed on the avian host only 44% of the time. Overall response rates and willingness to alternate landing on the human and avian hosts across multiple days of testing also varied by population. For one human- and one avian-preferring population, we examined patterns of differential expression and splice site variation at genes expressed in female heads. We also compared gene expression and splice site variation within human-seeking females in either gravid or host-seeking physiological states to identify genes that may regulate blood feeding behaviors. Overall, we identified genes with metabolic and regulatory function that were differentially expressed in our comparison of gravid and host-seeking females. Differentially expressed genes in our comparison of avian- and human-seeking females were enriched for those involved in sensory perception. We conclude with a discussion of specific sensory genes and their potential influence on the divergent behaviors of avian- and human-seeking Cx. pipiens.
TOPoS VI. The metal-weak tail of the metallicity distribution functions of the Milky Way and of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus structure
Creators: name: Bonifacio, P
name: Monaco, L
name: Salvadori, S
name: Caffau, E
name: Spite, M
name: Sbordone, L
name: Spite, F
name: Ludwig, H. -G
name: Di Matteo, P
name: Haywood, M
name: François, P
name: Koch-Hansen, A. J.
name: Christlieb, N
name: Zaggia, S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The TOPoS project has the goal to find and analyse Turn-Off (TO) stars of extremely low metallicity. To select the targets for spectroscopic follow-up at high spectral resolution, we have relied on low-resolution spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Aims. In this paper we use the metallicity estimates we have obtained from our analysis of the SDSS spectra to construct the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the Milky Way, with special emphasis on its metal-weak tail. The goal is to provide the underlying distribution out of which the TOPoS sample was extracted. Methods. We make use of SDSS photometry, Gaia photometry and distance estimates derived from the Gaia parallaxes to derive a metallicity estimate for a large sample of over 24 million TO stars. This sample is used to derive the metallicity bias of the sample for which SDSS spectra are available. Results. We determined that the spectroscopic sample is strongly biased in favour of metal-poor stars, as intended. A comparison with the unbiased photometric sample allows to correct for the selection bias. We select a sub-sample of stars with reliable parallaxes for which we combine the SDSS radial velocities with Gaia proper motions and parallaxes to compute actions and orbital parameters in the Galactic potential. This allows us to characterize the stars dynamically, and in particular to select a sub-sample that belongs to the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) accretion event. We are thus able to provide also the MDF of GSE. Conclusions. The metal-weak tail derived in our study is very similar to that derived in the H3 survey and in the Hamburg/ESO Survey. This allows us to average the three MDFs and provide an error bar for each metallicity bin. Inasmuch the GSE structure is representative of the progenitor galaxy that collided with the Milky Way, that galaxy appears to be strongly deficient in metal-poor stars compared to the Milky Way, suggesting that the metal-weak tail of the latter has been largely formed by accretion of low mass galaxies rather than massive galaxies, such as the GSE progenitor.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics - A\&A, EDP Sciences, in press
Estimating the Tour Length for the Close Enough Traveling Salesman Problem
Creators: name: Roy, Debdatta Sinha
name: Golden, Bruce
name: Wang, Xingyin
name: Wasil, Edward
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: close enough traveling salesman problem
tour-length estimation
regression models

description: We construct empirically based regression models for estimating the tour length in the Close Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP). In the CETSP, a customer is considered visited when the salesman visits any point in the customer’s service region. We build our models using as many as 14 independent variables on a set of 780 benchmark instances of the CETSP and compare the estimated tour lengths to the results from a Steiner zone heuristic. We validate our results on a new set of 234 instances that are similar to the 780 benchmark instances. We also generate results for a new set of 72 larger instances. Overall, our models fit the data well and do a very good job of estimating the tour length. In addition, we show that our modeling approach can be used to accurately estimate the optimal tour lengths for the CETSP.
Pilot Study to Detect Genes Involved in DNA Damage and Cancer in Humans: Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols
Creators: name: Hamad, Samera H.
name: Brinkman, Marielle C.
name: Tsai, Yi-Hsuan
name: Mellouk, Namya
name: Cross, Kandice
name: Jaspers, Ilona
name: Clark, Pamela I.
name: Granville, Courtney A.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: DNA damage
gene expression
electronic cigarettes
human buccal and blood
biomarkers
vaping behaviors

description: There is a paucity of data on how gene expression enables identification of individuals who are at risk of exposure to carcinogens from e-cigarette (e-cig) vaping; and how human vaping behaviors modify these exposures. This pilot study aimed to identify genes regulated from acute exposure to e-cig using RT-qPCR. Three subjects (2M and 1F) made three visits to the lab (nTOT = 9 visits); buccal and blood samples were collected before and immediately after scripted vaping 20 puffs (nTOT = 18 samples); vaping topography data were collected in each session. Subjects used their own e-cig containing 50:50 propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerine (VG) +3–6 mg/mL nicotine. The tumor suppressor TP53 was significantly upregulated in buccal samples. TP53 expression was puff volume and flow rate dependent in both tissues. In blood, the significant downregulation of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), a base excision repair gene, was consistent across all subjects. In addition to DNA repair pathway, cell cycle and cancer pathways were the most enriched pathways in buccal and blood samples, respectively. This pilot study demonstrates that vaping 20 puffs significantly alters expression of TP53 in human tissues; vaping behavior is an important modifier of this response. A larger study is needed to confirm these relationships.
Quantum Monte Carlo Integration: The Full Advantage in Minimal Circuit Depth
Creators: name: Herbert, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper proposes a method of quantum Monte Carlo integration that retains the full quadratic quantum advantage, without requiring any arithmetic or quantum phase estimation to be performed on the quantum computer. No previous proposal for quantum Monte Carlo integration has achieved all of these at once. The heart of the proposed method is a Fourier series decomposition of the sum that approximates the expectation in Monte Carlo integration, with each component then estimated individually using quantum amplitude estimation. The main result is presented as theoretical statement of asymptotic advantage, and numerical results are also included to illustrate the practical benefits of the proposed method. The method presented in this paper is the subject of a patent application [Quantum Computing System and Method: Patent application GB2102902.0 and SE2130060-3].
description: Add quantified comparison to QMCI with quantum arithmetic, format for Quantum journal. 20 pages, 4 figures
Analysis of Radio Image Combination Methods
Creators: name: Lucas, Miles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: astronomy
radio
nrao
nsf
reu
imaging
casa

description: This is my final presentation for my NRAO REU in 2018. It focuses on the methods and metrics for combining interferometer and single-dish radio data. It also describes the pipeline for open-source use to test combination methods on their own data.
Time-evolution of local information: thermalization dynamics of local observables
Creators: name: Kvorning, Thomas Klein
name: Herviou, Loïc
name: Bardarson, Jens H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum many-body dynamics generically results in increasing entanglement that eventually leads to thermalization of local observables. This makes the exact description of the dynamics complex despite the apparent simplicity of (high-temperature) thermal states. For accurate but approximate simulations one needs a way to keep track of essential (quantum) information while discarding inessential one. To this end, we first introduce the concept of the information lattice, which supplements the physical spatial lattice with an additional dimension and where a local Hamiltonian gives rise to well defined locally conserved von Neumann information current. This provides a convenient and insightful way of capturing the flow, through time and space, of information during quantum time evolution, and gives a distinct signature of when local degrees of freedom decouple from long-range entanglement. As an example, we describe such decoupling of local degrees of freedom for the mixed field transverse Ising model. Building on this, we secondly construct algorithms to time-evolve sets of local density matrices without any reference to a global state. With the notion of information currents, we can motivate algorithms based on the intuition that information for statistical reasons flow from small to large scales. Using this guiding principle, we construct an algorithm that, at worst, shows two-digit convergence in time-evolutions up to very late times for diffusion process governed by the mixed field transverse Ising Hamiltonian. While we focus on dynamics in 1D with nearest-neighbor Hamiltonians, the algorithms do not essentially rely on these assumptions and can in principle be generalized to higher dimensions and more complicated Hamiltonians.
description: 38 pages, 9 figures
Propagator mixing renormalization for Majorana fermions
Creators: name: Kniehl, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a mixed system of unstable Majorana fermions in a general parity-nonconserving theory and renormalize its propagator matrix to all orders in the pole scheme, in which the squares of the renormalized masses are identified with the complex pole positions and the wave-function renormalization (WFR) matrices are adjusted in compliance with the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann reduction formalism. In contrast to the case of unstable Dirac fermions, the WFR matrices of the in and out states are uniquely fixed, while they again bifurcate in the sense that they are no longer related by pseudo-Hermitian conjugation. We present closed analytic expressions for the renormalization constants in terms of the scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and pseudovector parts of the unrenormalized self-energy matrix, which is computable from the one-particle-irreducible Feynman diagrams of the flavor transitions, as well as their expansions through two loops. In the case of stable Majorana fermions, the well-known one-loop results are recovered.
description: 20 pages, matches journal version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1308.3140
Dynamics of vortex defect formation in two dimensional Coulomb crystals
Creators: name: Arnold, Michael
name: Nigmatullin, Ramil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of two dimensional planar ion Coulomb crystals undergoing a structural buckling transition to a three plane configuration, driven by a reduction of the transverse confining frequency. This phase transition can be theoretically modeled using a mapping to a two dimensional Ginzburg-Landau theory with complex order parameter field. We demonstrate that finite rate quenches result in creation of stable topological vortices, which are localized point regions around which the phase of the order parameter field winds a multiple of 2π. The density of the defects as a function of quench rate is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and its scaling is shown to be consistent with Kibble-Zurek theory of defect formation. Following the quench, the annihilation of vortex and anti-vortex pairs results in the relaxation of defect density that follows a diffusive scaling with a logarithmic correction. This work highlights the potential for investigating complex non-equilibrium statistical physics of topological defects in an experimentally accessible ion trap setting.
Effects of On-Farm Dairy Manure Composting on Tetracycline Content and Nutrient Composition
Creators: name: Schueler, Jenna
name: Naas, Kayla
name: Hurst, Jerod
name: Aga, Diana
name: Lansing, Stephanie
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: antibiotic
antimicrobial
windrow
nitrogen
phosphorus

description: This study quantified the potential of farm-scale composting to degrade antibiotics in dairy manure. The compost windrow, consisting of sick cow bedding from a 1000-cow US dairy farm, was managed using the dairy farm’s typical practices and monitored for tetracycline and nutrient composition. Samples were collected over 33 days, which was the time from compost pile formation to land application as fertilizer, and analyzed for solids, antibiotics, and nutrient content. Average tetracycline concentrations at the beginning of the study (452 ng/g DW) were lower than at the end of composting (689 ng/g DW), illustrating that antibiotic degradation was not greater than degradation of the compost solids. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) increased from 15.3 to 18.4 g/kg during the composting period due to decreases in solids and likely inhibition of N-mineralization due to the presence of antibiotics. The results indicated that antibiotics were not completely degraded when using the farm’s compost pile management techniques, with antibiotics possibly impacting nitrogen transformation in the compost, which should be considered in nutrient management when using sick cow bedding. Additionally, the results showed that antibiotic degradation during farm-scale composting can vary from reported laboratory-scale due to differences in management, composting duration, and temporal conditions, illustrating the need for more extensive on-farm research including common farm practices and real-world conditions.
title: Activating and strengthening other-regarding preferences to promote pro-environmental behavior
title: Aktivierung und Stärkung pro-sozialer Präferenzen zur Förderung umweltfreundlichen Verhaltens
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Heinz, Nick
Publisher: name: Universität Osnabrück
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: pro-environmental behavior
subject: other-regarding preferences
subject: pro-social preferences
subject: perspective-taking
subject: corporate sustainability
subject: social distance
subject: business case discourse
subject: environmental racism
subject: 333.7 - Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt
subject: 43.02 - Philosophie und Theorie der Umweltforschung und des Umweltschutzes

description: Against the backdrop of global environmental degradation and the need for structural as well as individual change in consumption and production, this dissertation addresses the question of whether and how other-regarding preferences are related to pro-environmental behavior including approval of structural change. In a review of experimental studies on this interface as well as the implementation of own experiments, it is investigated whether – as assumed by some theories –there is a causal and positive relationship between both elements, through which mechanisms, for whom and with under which conditions this link becomes effective. It can be concluded that strengthening and activating other-regarding preferences can lead to more pro-environmental behavior, moderated by various factors such as existing preferences and behavioral costs. From the comparison with interventions for more environmental protection that address people's self-interest, no clear result could be drawn as to which approach is more effective. In an online study with a German sample, we showed that perspective-taking with a person affected by environmental degradation is not sufficient to influence costly behavior, but increases valuation of and perception of oneness to the person – partly depending on who and where this other person is. Further, we showed that people in Germany were less likely to sign a petition for more climate protection if the affected person lived in India rather than Germany. We found preliminary evidence that people with strong racist attitudes began to reject policies when the name of the person involved was of non-German origin, even if the person lived in Germany. In a second experiment in the context of corporate sustainability, neither a discourse around corporate responsibility nor a discourse around a "business case" for sustainability led to greater pro-environmental engagement among participants. At the same time, we were able to show that the "business case" discourse reduced the willingness to bear costs for environmental protection that could not be justified by indirect profits.
Bounding the top Yukawa with Higgs-associated single-top production
Creators: name: Englert, Christoph
name: Re, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the discovery of the 125 GeV scalar boson with gauge properties similar to the Standard Model Higgs, the search for beyond the SM interactions will focus on studying the discovered particles' coupling properties more precisely and shedding light on the relation of fermion masses with the electroweak vacuum. The large mass of the top quark and the SM-predicted order one top Yukawa coupling is a natural candidate for BSM physics, though experimentally challenging to constrain. In this paper, we argue that investigating angular correlations in $pp\to tHj$ production provides an excellent handle to constrain the top Yukawa coupling $y_t$ via direct measurements, even when we focus on rare exclusive final states. We perform a hadron-level analysis and show that we may expect to constrain $y_t\gtrsim 0.5\, y_t^{\text{SM}}$ at 95%-99% confidence level at the high luminosity LHC using semi-leptonic top decays and $H\to γγ$ alone, by employing a two-channel measurement approach.
description: Improved a couple of sentences, improved quality of fig.1, added 1 citation, matches version published in PRD
Peer Influence during Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Parental Support
Creators: name: Havewala, Mazneen
name: Bowker, Julie C.
name: Smith, Kelly A.
name: Rose-Krasnor, Linda
name: Booth-LaForce, Cathryn
name: Laursen, Brett
name: Felton, Julia W.
name: Rubin, Kenneth H.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: peer influence
parental support
internalizing problems
externalizing problems
adolescence

description: Although many studies show that peers influence the development of adolescent internalizing and externalizing difficulties, few have considered both internalizing and externalizing difficulties in the same study, and fewer have considered the contributions of parents. Using a longitudinal sample of 385 adolescents, the contributions of best friends’ internalizing and externalizing difficulties (as assessed in Grade 6; G6: Mage = 13.64 years; 53% female; 40% ethnic or racial minority) were examined as they predicted subsequent adolescent internalizing and externalizing difficulties (at G8); in addition, the moderating role of both maternal and paternal support (at G6) was explored. Structural equation modelling revealed that best friend internalizing difficulties predicted decreases, but that best friend externalizing difficulties predicted increases in adolescents’ externalizing difficulties over time. Significant interactions involving both maternal and paternal support revealed that the negative impact of a G6 best friend having internalizing problems on later G8 adolescent externalizing problems was stronger at low levels of maternal and paternal support. The findings highlight the complex, and interactive, influences of friends and parents on the development of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology during adolescence, and underscore the importance of targeting both sources of social influence in research and clinical work.
Duality for optimal couplings in free probability
Creators: name: Gangbo, Wilfrid
name: Jekel, David
name: Nam, Kyeongsik
name: Shlyakhtenko, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 46L53, Secondary: 49Q22, 46L52, 81P45

description: We study the free probabilistic analog of optimal couplings for the quadratic cost, where classical probability spaces are replaced by tracial von Neumann algebras, and probability measures on $\mathbb{R}^m$ are replaced by non-commutative laws of $m$-tuples. We prove an analog of the Monge-Kantorovich duality which characterizes optimal couplings of non-commutative laws with respect to Biane and Voiculescu's non-commutative $L^2$-Wasserstein distance using a new type of convex functions. As a consequence, we show that if $(X,Y)$ is a pair of optimally coupled $m$-tuples of non-commutative random variables in a tracial $\mathrm{W}^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$, then $\mathrm{W}^*((1 - t)X + tY) = \mathrm{W}^*(X,Y)$ for all $t \in (0,1)$. Finally, we illustrate the subtleties of non-commutative optimal couplings through connections with results in quantum information theory and operator algebras. For instance, two non-commutative laws that can be realized in finite-dimensional algebras may still require an infinite-dimensional algebra to optimally couple. Moreover, the space of non-commutative laws of $m$-tuples is not separable with respect to the Wasserstein distance for $m > 1$.
description: 60 pages, revised
MPEC 2023-F77 : 2023 FA2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FA2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
CHEMICAL BIOLOGY APPROACHES TO MODULATE PROTEASOMAL ACTIVITY
Creators: name: Halder, Saayak
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340401
subject: Biologically active molecules
classificationCode: 340503
subject: Organic chemical synthesis
classificationCode: 340102
subject: Bioassays
classificationCode: 340104
subject: Flow analysis

description: The study of proteasome is a rapidly evolving field with multifaceted implications in neuroscience, aging, and cancer. Recent developments structural biology of the proteasome machinery has catapulted the drug discovery and targeted protein degradation. The success of proteasome inhibitors like Bortezomib and Ixazomib has also led to new interests in developing more precise inhibitors for the various proteasome isoforms. Proteasome activation is a relatively new field, and much has to be done in the field. The 20S CP is an emerging target in chemical biology and drug discovery for its implications in maintaining protein homeostasis and immune regulation. The central theme of the thesis is to study the proteasome in cellular contexts to develop new chemical biology tools to study the proteasome and its modulation by small molecules and probes in cellular contexts to ameliorate protein accumulation-mediated neurodegeneration
Preconditioning complex symmetric linear systems
Creators: name: Bertolazzi, Enrico
name: Frego, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.3; F.2.1
subject: 65F10, 65F08, 42C05

description: A new polynomial preconditioner for symmetric complex linear systems based on Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (HSS) for complex symmetric linear systems is herein presented. It applies to Conjugate Orthogonal Conjugate Gradient (COCG) or Conjugate Orthogonal Conjugate Residual (COCR) iterative solvers and does not require any estimation of the spectrum of the coefficient matrix. An upper bound of the condition number of the preconditioned linear system is provided. Moreover, to reduce the computational cost, an inexact variant based on incomplete Cholesky decomposition or orthogonal polynomials is proposed. Numerical results show that the present preconditioner and its inexact variant are efficient and robust solvers for this class of linear systems. A stability analysis of the method completes the description of the preconditioner.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Curcumin-Loaded Pickering Emulsion Formed by Ultrasound and Stabilized by Metal Organic Framework Optimization
Creators: name: Ma, Peihua
name: Zhang, Zhi
name: Tsai, Shawn
name: Zhang, Hongchao
name: Li, Yuan
name: Yuan, Fang
name: Wang, Qin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: metal-organic framework
Pickering emulsion
curcumin
response surface methodology
ultrasonic encapsulation

description: The ultrasound-assisted preparation of a curcumin-loaded metal organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH2 stabilized Pickering emulsion system was carried out in this study. A 3-level-4-factor Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis were employed to systematically evaluate the effect of different experimental parameters (i.e., ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, oil content, and MOF content) on curcumin loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The results indicated that ultrasonic power and MOF content significantly affected LC and EE, whereas ultrasonic time and oil content had little effect. A mathematical model for optimizing the preparation of emulsion systems was established. Based on the ridge max analysis, an optimal condition for the newly developed curcumin-loaded MOF-Pickering emulsion was identified, i.e., ultrasonic power 150 W, ultrasonic time 11.17 min, oil content 20.0%, and MOF content 1.10%. At this condition, the LC and EE of curcumin obtained from the experiment reached 7.33% ± 0.54% and 56.18% ± 3.03%, respectively, which were within the prediction range of LC (7.35% ± 0.29%) and EE (54.34% ± 2.45%). The emulsion systems created in this study may find new applications for the delivery of bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical areas.
Twisted Ruelle zeta function at zero for compact hyperbolic surfaces
Creators: name: Frahm, Jan
name: Spilioti, Polyxeni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $X$ be a compact, hyperbolic surface of genus $g\geq 2$. In this paper, we prove that the twisted Selberg and Ruelle zeta functions, associated with an arbitrary, finite-dimensional, complex representation $χ$ of $π_1(X)$ admit a meromorphic continuation to $\mathbb{C}$. Moreover, we study the behaviour of the twisted Ruelle zeta function at $s=0$ and prove that at this point, it has a zero of order $\dim(χ)(2g-2)$.
description: v2: The functional equation for the twisted Ruelle zeta function is made more explicit
A learned embedding for efficient joint analysis of millions of mass spectra
Creators: name: Bittremieux, Wout
name: May, Damon H.
name: Bilmes, Jeffrey
name: Noble, William Stafford
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Presentation in the context of the ECR Manuscript Competition at the HUPO 2022 World Congress in Cancun, Mexico.
Digital Electronics for the Pierre Auger Observatory AMIGA Muon Counters
Creators: name: Wainberg, O.
name: Almela, A.
name: Platino, M.
name: Sanchez, F.
name: Suarez, F.
name: Lucero, A.
name: Videla, M.
name: Wundheiler, B.
name: Melo, D.
name: Hampel, M.
name: Etchegoyen, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array" (AMIGA) project provides direct muon counting capacity to the Pierre Auger Observatory and extends its energy detection range down to 0.3 EeV. It currently consists of 61 detector pairs (a Cherenkov surface detector and a buried muon counter) distributed over a 23.5 km2 area on a 750 m triangular grid. Each counter relies on segmented scintillator modules storing a logical train of '0's and '1's on each scintillator segment at a given time slot. Muon counter data is sampled and stored at 320 MHz allowing both the detection of single photoelectrons and the implementation of an offline trigger designed to mitigate multi-pixel PMT crosstalk and dark rate undesired effects. Acquisition is carried out by the digital electronics built around a low power Cyclone III FPGA. This paper presents the digital electronics design, internal and external synchronization schemes, hardware tests, and first results from the Observatory.
Temporal interfaces by instantaneously varying boundary conditions
Creators: name: Stefanini, Luca
name: Yin, Shixiong
name: Ramaccia, Davide
name: Alu, Andrea
name: Toscano, Alessandro
name: Bilotti, Filiberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temporal metamaterials have been recently exploited as a novel platform for conceiving several electromagnetic and optical devices based on the anomalous scattering response arising at a single or multiple sudden changes of the material properties. However, they are difficult to implement in realistic scenarios by switching the permittivity of a material in time, and new strategies to achieve time interfaces in a feasible manner must be identified. In this paper, we investigate the possibility to realize a temporal metamaterial without acting on the material properties, but rather on the effective refractive index and wave impedance perceived by the wave during the propagation in an empty guiding structure by varying the boundaries in time. We demonstrate analytically and through numerical experiments that suddenly changing the physical distance between the metallic plates of a parallel-plate waveguide will induce an effective temporal interface. In addition to the standard backward and forward scattered fields at different frequencies due to the temporal interface, we also identify the presence of a static field necessary to satisfy the continuity of the electromagnetic field across the interface. The proposed concept can be extended to temporally controlled metasurfaces, opening an easier path to the design and realization of novel devices based on time-varying metamaterials at microwave and optical frequencies.
Low-energy Scattering of $(D\bar{D}^{*})^\pm$ System And the Resonance-like Structure $Z_c(3900)$
Creators: name: Chen, Ying
name: Gong, Ming
name: Lei, Yu-Hong
name: Li, Ning
name: Liang, Jian
name: Liu, Chuan
name: Liu, Hang
name: Liu, Jin-Long
name: Liu, Liuming
name: Liu, Yong-Fu
name: Liu, Yu-Bin
name: Liu, Zhaofeng
name: Ma, Jian-Ping
name: Wang, Zhan-Lin
name: Yang, Yi-Bo
name: Zhang, Jian-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this exploratory lattice study, low-energy scattering of the $(D\bar{D}^{*})^\pm$ meson system is analyzed using lattice QCD with $N_f=2$ twisted mass fermion configurations with three pion mass values. The calculation is performed within single-channel Lüscher's finite-size formalism. The threshold scattering parameters, namely the scattering length $a_0$ and the effective range $r_0$, for the $s$-wave scattering in $J^P=1^+$ channel are extracted. For the cases in our study, the interaction between the two charmed mesons is weakly repulsive. Our lattice results therefore do not support the possibility of a shallow bound state for the two mesons for the pion mass values we studied. This calculation provides some useful information on the nature of the newly discovered resonance-like structure $Z_c(3900)$ by various experimental groups.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted by PRD
Viable cosmology in bimetric theory
Creators: name: De Felice, Antonio
name: Gumrukcuoglu, A. Emir
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
name: Tanahashi, Norihiro
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study cosmological perturbations in bimetric theory with two fluids each of which is coupled to one of the two metrics. Focusing on a healthy branch of background solutions, we clarify the stability of the cosmological perturbations. For this purpose, we extend the condition for the absence of the so-called Higuchi ghost, and show that the condition is guaranteed to be satisfied on the healthy branch. We also calculate the squared propagation speeds of perturbations and derive the conditions for the absence of the gradient instability. To avoid the gradient instability, we find that the model parameters are weakly constrained.
description: 16 pp; v2: minor corrections/references added to match the published version
Topological Magnons: A Review
Creators: name: McClarty, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At sufficiently low temperatures magnetic materials often enter a correlated phase hosting collective, coherent magnetic excitations such as magnons or triplons. Drawing on the enormous progress on topological materials of the last few years, recent research has led to new insights into the geometry and topology of these magnetic excitations. Berry phases associated to magnetic dynamics can lead to observable consequences in heat and spin transport while analogues of topological insulators and semimetals can arise within magnon band structures from natural magnetic couplings. Magnetic excitations offer a platform to explore the interplay of magnetic symmetries and topology, to drive topological transitions using magnetic fields. examine the effects of interactions on topological bands and to generate topologically protected spin currents at interfaces. In this review, we survey progress on all these topics, highlighting aspects of topological matter that are unique to magnon systems and the avenues yet to be fully investigated.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
Muon g-2 and a type-X two Higgs doublet scenario: some studies in high-scale validity
Creators: name: Dey, Atri
name: Lahiri, Jayita
name: Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the high-scale validity of a Type-X two Higgs doublet scenario which provides an explanation of the observed value of muon $(g-2)$. This region admits of a pseudoscalar physical state, which is well below the observed 125-GeV scalar in mass. A second neutral scalar particle can be both above and below 125 GeV in such a scenario. Admissible regions in the parameter space are obtained by using the most recent data on muon $(g-2)$, theoretical constraints such as low-scale perturbativity and vacuum stability, and also all experimental constraints, including the available LHC results. Among other things, both the aforesaid orders of CP-even neutral scalar masses are included in our benchmark studies. Two-loop renormalisation group equations are used to predict the values of various couplings at high scales, and the regions in the space spanned by low-scale parameters, which retain perturbative unitarity as well as vacuum stability upto various scales are identified. We thus conclude that such a scenario, while successfully explaining the observed muon $(g-2)$, can be valid upto energy scales ranging from $10^{4}$ GeV to the Planck scale, thus opening up directions of thought on its ultraviolet completion.
description: 46 pages, 27 figures
The role of the graduate pedagogical leader with children from birth to thirty months
Creators: name: Whalley, Mary
Publisher: name: Leeds Beckett University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The development of a graduate-leader role in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) workforce has been a significant policy issue in England since 1997. Early Years Professional Status (EYPS) was introduced as a full graduate role from 2006 (CWDC, 2006) and replaced by Early Years Teacher (EYT) Status from 2013 (NCTL, 2013a). This study is situated during a time period when Early Years Professional (EYP) was the graduate leader role. EYPs were to be leaders of pedagogical practice with children from birth to five within the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). This was a distinctive role from leadership/management of an ECEC setting. A study by Mathers et al. (2011), evaluating EYPS, considered the graduate leader role with the different age groups within the EYFS and found there to be less evidence of EYPs working with children under 30 months. Many babies and toddlers are now in some form of non-parental care settings for at least part of the week and ECEC provision for them has been noticeably politically neglected (Powell and Goouch, 2012). Children from B-30m are at a critical stage of development, with enormous capacity for exploration and learning about their worlds but also in need of appropriate care (Degotardi and Pearson, 2014). This study was a response to Mathers et al.’s call for further research on graduate leadership with children from B-30m. Through collective case study and adopting a multi-method approach, the experiences and perspectives of six EYPs, who led pedagogical practice with children under the age of 30 months, were recorded and documented to give voice to their understanding of the EYP role. Drawing on principles of constructivist grounded theory, using an iterative approach the data was analysed, coded and categorised to identify specific aspects of the EYPs’ pedagogical leadership. Two inter-related dimensions of leadership emerged: relationships (with the children, parents, within the team and with other professionals); and trustworthiness (through pedagogical knowledge, strategic leadership skills, reflective practice and in their values and pedagogical beliefs). The study also found the thread of professional care running through these two dimensions and concluded that a model of mindfully caring leadership offered a conceptual framework for pedagogical leadership with children B-30m. This model is also considered to have contemporary relevance to the newer ECEC graduate role of EYT. Further research on how EYTs work with children B-30m is one of the recommendations of this study.
SignalNet: A Low Resolution Sinusoid Decomposition and Estimation Network
Creators: name: Dreifuerst, Ryan
name: Heath, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The detection and estimation of sinusoids is a fundamental signal processing task for many applications related to sensing and communications. While algorithms have been proposed for this setting, quantization is a critical, but often ignored modeling effect. In wireless communications, estimation with low resolution data converters is relevant for reduced power consumption in wideband receivers. Similarly, low resolution sampling in imaging and spectrum sensing allows for efficient data collection. In this work, we propose SignalNet, a neural network architecture that detects the number of sinusoids and estimates their parameters from quantized in-phase and quadrature samples. We incorporate signal reconstruction internally as domain knowledge within the network to enhance learning and surpass traditional algorithms in mean squared error and Chamfer error. We introduce a worst-case learning threshold for comparing the results of our network relative to the underlying data distributions. This threshold provides insight into why neural networks tend to outperform traditional methods and into the learned relationships between the input and output distributions. In simulation, we find that our algorithm is always able to surpass the threshold for three-bit data but often cannot exceed the threshold for one-bit data. We use the learning threshold to explain, in the one-bit case, how our estimators learn to minimize the distributional loss, rather than learn features from the data.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Community Development Projects In Tuti Island: The Case of Tuti Development Company.
Creators: name: Mudawi, Mohamed Salah Eldin
name: محمد صلاح الدين محمد مضوي
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1989
Subjects: Community development
rural development
community-based development
Tuti Island
Tutti Island
Khartoum, Sudan
جزيرة توتي
تنمية المجتمع
التنمية الريفية

description: This research aimed to assess the impact of Tuti Development Company, as a community development project in Tuti Island, Khartoum, Sudan. The research followed the descriptive approach, as well as the case study methodology. Data was collected via interviews and reviewing the company's records and files. The research provided and review the concept and definition of the Community Development. Then goes further to review the history and development of the Tuti Development Company, which was established by people of Tuti Island in 1946. The research also examined the roles and impact of Tuti Development Company, as a community-based project, as well as the company's roles and impact on social and economic aspects of life. The research outlined the major community projects and initiatives lead by the company and impact on the local community of Tuti Island.
description: This dissertation was submitted in a partial fulfillment of a B.A. from the Geography Department, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
The pseudogap in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+δ}$ is not bounded by a line of phase transitions - thermodynamic evidence
Creators: name: Cooper, J. R.
name: Loram, J. W.
name: Kokanović, I.
name: Storey, J. G.
name: Tallon, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a recent resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) study of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+δ}$, which infers a line of phase transitions bounding the pseudogap phase and argue that this scenario is not supported by thermodynamic evidence. We show that the anomalies in RUS, heat capacity and thermal expansion at the superconducting transition temperatures agree well. But there are large discrepancies between RUS and thermodynamic measurements at $T^*$ where the pseudogap phase transitions are purported to occur. Moreover, the frequency and temperature dependence of the RUS data for the crystal with $δ= 0.98$, interpreted in terms of critical slowing down near an electronic phase transition, is five orders of magnitude smaller than what is expected. For this crystal the RUS data near $T^*$ are more consistent with non-equilibrium effects such as oxygen relaxation.
description: Published version