cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
One size does not fit all : Assuming the same normal body temperature for everyone is not justified
Creators: name: Diamond, Adele
name: Lye, Carolyn T.
name: Prasad, Deepali
name: Abbott, David
Publisher: name: PLoS
Year: 2021

description: Despite the increasing personalization of medicine, surprisingly ~37.0˚C (98.6˚F) continues as the estimate of normal temperature. We investigated between-subject and within-subject thermal variability, whether a significant percentage of individuals have a low mean oral temperature, and whether these differ by sex, age, time of day, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), or menstrual phase. Oral temperature was measured by Life Brand® Fast-Read Digital Oral Thermometers and sampled 14 times over two weeks, seven morning and seven evening readings. The volunteer sample consisted of 96 adults (42 men, 54 women; 27 couples, 42 singletons), ages 18–67 years. We found sizeable individual differences in body temperature and that the normal temperature of many individuals is considerably lower than 37.0˚C (98.6˚F). Mean temperatures ranged from 35.2˚C (95.4˚F) to 37.4˚C (99.3˚F). The mean temperature across all participants was 36.1˚C (97.0˚F)—lower than most studies have reported, consistent with recent evidence of temperature declining over decades. 77% had mean temperatures at least 0.55˚C (1˚F) lower than 37.0˚C (98.6˚F). Mean temperature did not differ by age, but women had higher temperatures than men, even within a couple with room temperature and warmth of clothing equated. Although oral temperature varied widely across individuals, it showed marked stability within individuals over days. Variability of temperature over days did not differ by sex, but was larger among younger adults. Using 37.0˚C (98.6˚F) as the assumed normal temperature for everyone can result in healthcare professionals failing to detect a serious fever in individuals with a low normal temperature or obtaining false negatives for those individuals when using temperature to screen for COVID-19, mistaking their elevated temperature as normal. Some have called for lowering the estimate of normal temperature slightly (e.g., 0.2˚C [0.36˚F]). That still seems an overly high estimate. More important, using any standardized “normal” temperature will lead to errors for many people. Individual differences are simply too great. Personalizing body temperature is needed. Temperature could be measured at yearly doctor visits, as blood pressure is now. That would be simple to implement. Since our results show marked thermal stability within an individual, sampling temperature only once yearly could provide an accurate indication of a person’s normal temperature at that time of day. Such records over time would also provide a more accurate understanding of how temperature changes over the lifespan.
Biralvand_et_al_Supporting-Information_Revised.docx
Creators: name: Biralvand, Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 40303 Geochronology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40402 Geodynamics
subject: Geology
subject: 40312 Structural Geology
subject: 40313 Tectonics

description: · Late Cretaceous-Paleocene erosional exhumation during contractional deformation and Oligocene unroofing likely caused by tectonic denudation · Widespread resetting of ZHe, AFT and AHe systems between 14 and 12 Ma through magmatic reheating  · Erosional exhumation from 11-10 Ma, caused by transpressional deformation along the Chahartagh Fault 
Rheological Properties Related to Extrusion of Polyolefins
Creators: name: Mitsoulis, Evan
name: Hatzikiriakos, Savvas Georgios, 1961-
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Rheological properties related to the extrusion of polyolefins are the shear viscosity, the elongational viscosity, the slip velocity and their temperature- and pressure-dependencies. These properties are measured in the rheology lab mainly via a parallel-plate rheometer and a capillary rheometer. Then appropriate rheological models have to be used to account for all these properties. Such models are either viscous (e.g., the Cross model) or viscoelastic (e.g., the K-BKZ model). The latter gives the best fitting of the experimental data and offers excellent results in numerical simulations, especially in extrusion flows. Wall slip effects are also found and measured by rheometric flows. Modeling of extrusion flows should make use of appropriate slip models that take into effect the various slip parameters, including the effects of shear stress, molecular characteristics, temperature and pressure on the slip velocity. In this paper the importance of these properties in extrusion are discussed.
Tracking Supermassive Black Hole Mergers from kpc to sub-pc Scales with AXIS
Creators: name: Foord, Adi
name: Cappelluti, Nico
name: Liu, Tingting
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Habouzit, Melanie
name: Pacucci, Fabio
name: Marchesi, Stefano
name: Chen, Nianyi
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Mallick, Labani
name: Koss, Michael
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024
Subjects: accretion
AGN
mergers
SMBH
X-ray astrophysics

description: We present an analysis showcasing how the Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS), a proposed NASA Probe-class mission, will significantly increase our understanding of supermassive black holes undergoing mergers—from kpc to sub-pc scales. In particular, the AXIS point spread function, field of view, and effective area are expected to result in (1) the detection of hundreds to thousands of new dual AGNs across the redshift range 0 < z < 5 and (2) blind searches for binary AGNs that are exhibiting merger signatures in their light curves and spectra. AXIS will detect some of the highest-redshift dual AGNs to date, over a large range of physical separations. The large sample of AGN pairs detected by AXIS (over a magnitude more than currently known) will result in the first X-ray study that quantifies the frequency of dual AGNs as a function of redshift up to z = 4.
IN-FDM-BB Werkstattbericht: W 1.2.3 Gemeinsamer Lessons-Learned-Bericht zu Beratung
Creators: name: Schiller, Carina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: FDM
FDM-BB
IN-FDM-BB
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Beratung
Brandenburg
Lessons Learned

description: Die Beratung von Forschenden spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Umsetzung und Etablierung des Forschungsdatenmanagements (FDM) im Forschungsalltag. Nach wie vor benötigen viele Forschende Unterstützung im Umgang mit ihren Forschungsdaten.  Dies kann einerseits durch einen eher generischen Kenntnisstand zum Thema FDM bedingt sein, andererseits stellt der FDM-Kosmos einen hochfluiden Bereich dar – mit fortlaufend aktualisierten oder gänzlich neuen Tools und Infrastrukturen sowie veränderten Anforderungen an Forschende auch von Seiten der Forschungsförderer. Eine zentrale FDM-Anlaufstelle für die Ratsuchenden ist an den Hochschulen unerlässlich und folglich auch unter den Maßnahmen des Verbundprojekts „IN-FDM-BB – Institutionalisiertes und nachhaltiges Forschungsdatenmanagement in Brandenburg“ zu finden.

Seit Oktober 2022 (Projektbeginn) werden an den beteiligten brandenburgischen Hochschulen entsprechende FDM-Kontaktpunkte auf- bzw. ausgebaut um die (Erst-)Beratung von Forschenden durchführen zu können. Darüber hinaus werden unterstützende Angebote etwa für rechtliche/ethische Fragen konzipiert und etabliert, um eine umfassende Beratung auch für spezifische Aspekte des FDMs zu ermöglichen. Bedarfsgerechte Materialien und Handreichungen, ebenso Bestandteil des Projektplans, ergänzen das individuelle Beratungsangebot.

Der vorliegende Werkstattbericht stellt Erkenntnisse und Herausforderungen der Erprobungsphase dar und skizziert Ansätze, um diesen Herausforderungen lösungsorientiert begegnen zu können. Wertvolle Einblicke in die Beratungspraxis aller am Projekt beteiligter Hochschulen bilden dabei die Grundlage.
description: Finanziert durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) und die Europäische Union (NextGenerationEU), sowie das Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur (MWFK) des Landes Brandenburg.
Rückgewinnung kritischer Metalle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015

description: In Deutschland fallen jährlich rund eine halbe Million Pkw und leichte Nutzfahrzeuge als Altfahrzeuge an. Neue Herausforderungen entstehen fur die Demontage- und Verwertungsbetriebe, weil die Menge an Fahrzeugelektronik stark zunimmt. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass das Gesamtmetallpotenzial der Fahrzeugelektronik, die in der aktuellen Fahrzeugen verbaut ist, dem Potenzial von Elektro- und Elektronikgeraten teilweise nicht nachsteht. Eine verstärkte Ruckgewinnung der Edel- und Sondermetalle aus Altfahrzeugen konnte deshalb einen bedeutsamen Beitrag zu Ressourcenschonung und Rohstoffsicherheit leisten. In einem Forschungsvorhaben "Optimierung der Separation von Bauteilen und Materialien aus Altfahrzeugen zur Ruckgewinnung kritischer Metalle (ORKAM)" untersuchte die Callparts Recycling GmbH in Kooperation mit der Ökopol GmbH und der ELPRO Elektronik-Produkt Recycling GmbH im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamts die Demontage von Fahrzeugelektronik aus Altfahrzeugen naher. Die Kooperationspartner identifizierten die relevantesten Komponenten der Fahrzeugelektronik und führten praktische Separationsversuche durch, ermittelten den Demontageaufwand und betrachteten die Wirtschaftlichkeit. Die derzeit möglichen Komponentenerlöse liegen mit Werten von meist unter ein bis zwei Euro auf einem niedrigen Niveau. Für mehr als die Hälfte der 141 ermittelten Komponenten gilt,dass die derzeit möglichen Erlöse die Kosten für den Demontagebetrieb nicht decken. Aus den Untersuchungen und der Diskussion der Ergebnisse mit Branchenexperten kristallisierte sich auch heraus, dass die Informationslage zur Demontage von Fahrzeugelektronik verbessert und die Behandlungskette für separierte Fahrzeugelektronik effizienter gestaltet werden müssen, um die Demontage und Verwertung effektiv und möglichstwirtschaftlich gestalten zu können.Quelle: http://www.resourceonline.de
Analysis of microalgal growth kinetic model and carbohydrate biosynthesis cultivated using agro-industrial waste residuals as carbon source
Creators: name: Kassim, Mohd Asyraf
name: Ramli, Siti Hawa
name: Meng, Tan Kean
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Microalgal carbohydrate is considered one of the potential feedstock for biofuel produced via the bioconversion process. However, the current cultivation process using commercial medium exhibited low biomass production and its carbohydrate productivity which become a bottleneck for sustainable microalgal-carbohydrate-based biofuel production. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the utilization of industrial waste including molasses and glycerol on the Halochlorella rubescens and Tetraselmis suecica growth as well as its carbohydrate content under different cultivation modes such as autotrophic, heterotrophic and photoheterotrophic conditions. From this study, the highest maximum biomass of H. rubenscens and T. suecica of 0.653 ± 0.009 and 0.669 ± 0.01gL−1 were obtained when the cultivation was performed under photoheterotrophic using molasses. High carbohydrate content of H. rubescens and T. seucica of 56.81 ± 0.39% and 71.52 ± 0.03% with glucose represent the dominant sugar was observed under this condition. The growth kinetic model of the analysis indicated that Huang and Gompertz Models described well the growth of H. rubescens and T. suecica under photoheteroptroph condition with a high significant R2 of 0.99. The information generated could be beneficial for the future development of low-cost microalgal cultivation media formulation for future microalgal carbohydrate-based products such as bioethanol.
Radial Variations in Solar Type III Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Krupar, Vratislav
name: Kruparova, Oksana
name: Szabo, Adam
name: Wilson, Lynn B.
name: Nemec, Frantisek
name: Santolik, Ondrej
name: Pulupa, Marc
name: Issautier, Karine
name: Bale, Stuart D.
name: Maksimovic, Milan
Publisher: name: AAS
Year: 2024

description: Type III radio bursts are generated by electron beams accelerated at reconnection sites in the corona. This study, utilizing data from the Parker Solar Probe’s first 17 encounters, closely examines these bursts down to 13 solar radii. A focal point of our analysis is the near-radial alignment (within 5°) of the Parker Solar Probe, STEREO-A, and Wind spacecraft relative to the Sun. This alignment, facilitating simultaneous observations of 52 and 27 bursts by STEREO-A and Wind respectively, allows for a detailed differentiation of radial and longitudinal burst variations. Our observations reveal no significant radial variations in electron beam speeds, radio fluxes, or exponential decay times for events below 50 solar radii. In contrast, closer to the Sun we noted a decrease in beam speeds and radio fluxes. This suggests potential effects of radio beaming or alterations in radio source sizes in this region. Importantly, our results underscore the necessity of considering spacecraft distance in multispacecraft observations for accurate radio burst analysis. A critical threshold of 50 solar radii emerges, beyond which beaming effects and changes in beam speeds and radio fluxes become significant. Furthermore, the consistent decay times across varying radial distances point toward a stable trend extending from 13 solar radii into the inner heliosphere. Our statistical results provide valuable insights into the propagation mechanisms of type III radio bursts, particularly highlighting the role of scattering near the radio source when the frequency aligns with the local electron plasma frequency.
Seasonal Variation in Visitor Satisfaction and Its Management Implications in Banff National Park
Creators: name: Geng, Dehui Christina
name: Innes, John L.
name: Wu, Wanli
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Seasonal variations in tourist satisfaction is an important issue for the sustainable management of national parks worldwide. Visitors should have high-quality experiences in both the high season and the off-season. This research investigated visitor satisfaction patterns and determinants in Banff National Park in different seasons. The study was conducted through a face-to-face questionnaire survey that collected visitor demographic, expectation and satisfaction data in July 2019 (high season) and December 2019 (off-season) in Banff National Park. The data analyses were based on a sample of 741 respondents and were processed using principal component analysis, correlation analysis and logistic regression models for different seasons. There were significant differences in visitor satisfaction levels and their determinants in different seasons. The quality of the park’s natural characteristics and the park’s activities were the most important determinant of visitor satisfaction in the high season and off-season, respectively. The correlation between visitor satisfaction and expectations in the high season was generally negative, whereas all correlations in the off-season were positive. The results fill a knowledge gap by examining the seasonal differences in visitor experience and their determinants in the national park, and by building a bridge between visitor experience and tourism seasonality. The findings may assist both practitioners and scholars in understanding visitor expectations and satisfaction in different seasons. They may assist in the prioritization and effective management of the park to optimize the visitor experience in both seasons and achieve tourism sustainability.
Ethical Leadership as a Mode-of-Being: A Heideggerian Perspective
Creators: name: Gibson, Alice
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This thesis seeks to uncover the rich context of meaning embedded in people’s experiences of ethical leadership. This was underpinned by the research question 'how is ethical leadership understood through the lived experience?’. Interviews were undertaken with people from the energy, government and built environment sectors. The philosopher Martin Heidegger, in his seminal work Being and Time, identifies various 'ontological structures' of Being (or existence). He uses these structures to explain how we experience the world in different modes-of-Being. This thesis maps the everyday lived experience of ethical leadership with these ontological structures, to shed light on an ethical-leadership-mode-of-Being.
title: Культура и гуманитарные науки в современном мире : Сборник научных статей
Creators: name: Архипова (ред.), О. В.
name: Климин (ред.), А. И.
Publisher: name: Реноме
Year: 2019

description: Настоящий сборник посвящен актуальным вопросам развития культуры и гуманитарного знания в современном мире. В представленных статьях рассматриваются ключевые проблемы развития образования, теоретические и практические аспекты современного художественного творчества, анализируется влияние на культуру и общество разноплановых процессов в медиасфере, раскрываются важные исторические грани развития отечественной культуры. Сборник адресован преподавателям, научным работникам, студентам, аспирантам, всем, кому небезразличны судьбы культуры и гуманитарного знания в современном мире. Статьи публикуются в авторской редакции.
Environment Canada cuts threaten the future of science and international agreements
Creators: name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Salawitch, Ross J.
name: Hoff, Raymond
name: Logan, Jennifer A.
name: Einaudi, Franco
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2012
Subjects: ozone
airborne toxins
Environment Canada
science budget

description: In August 2011, 300 Environment Canada scientists and staff working on environmental monitoring and protection learned that their jobs would be terminated, and an additional 400-plus Environment Canada employees received notice that their positions were targeted for elimination. These notices received widespread coverage in the Canadian media and international attention in Nature News. Environment Canada is a government agency responsible for meteorological services as well as environmental research. We are concerned that research and observations related to ozone depletion, tropospheric pollution, and atmospheric transport of toxic chemicals in the northern latitudes may be seriously imperiled by the budget cuts that led to these job terminations. Further, we raise the questions being asked by the international community, scientists, and policy makers alike: First, will Canada be able to meet its obligations to the monitoring and assessment studies that support the various international agreements inTable 1? Second, will Canada continue to be a leader in Arctic research.
Depolarization and Faraday effects in AGN Jets
Creators: name: Yushkov, E.
name: Pashchenko, I. N.
name: Sokoloff, D. D.
name: Chumarin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio interferometric observations of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) jets reveal the significant linear polarization of their synchrotron radiation that changes with frequency due to the Faraday rotation. It is generally assumed that such depolarization could be a powerful tool for studying the magnetized plasma in the vicinity of the jet. However, depolarization could also occur within the jet if the emitting and rotating plasma are co-spatial (i.e. the internal Faraday rotation). Burn obtained very simple dependence of the polarization on the wavelength squared for the discrete source and resolved slab that is widely used for interpreting the depolarization of AGN jets. However it ignores the influence of the non-uniform large scale magnetic field of the jet on the depolarization. Under the simple assumptions about the possible jet magnetic field structures we obtain the corresponding generalizations of Burn's relation widely used for galaxies analysis. We show that the frequency dependencies of the Faraday rotation measure and polarization angle in some cases allow to estimate the structures of the jets magnetic fields.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS 29 October 2024, in original form 6 March 2024
Exploring Multi-Fidelity Aeroelastic Tailoring: Prospect and Model Assessment
Creators: name: Maathuis, Hauke
name: Castro, Saullo G. P.
name: De Breuker, Roeland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The design and optimisation of aircraft wings are critical tasks in aerospace engineering, requiring a balance between structural integrity, aerostructural performance, and manufacturability. This multifaceted challenge involves the interplay of various disciplines, each with distinct parameters and constraints. Traditional design approaches often fall short, necessitating advanced methodologies like Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation (MDO). MDO integrates aerodynamic, structural, and manufacturability analyses to explore a vast design space and identify optimal solutions that meet performance, safety, and cost criteria. The work highlights the challenge of optimising aircraft designs using multiple models of varying fidelity. Traditional sequential optimisation approaches, which progressively integrate disciplines, may miss potential superior designs due to limited initial information. Instead, concurrent optimisation schemes are explored, utilising both low-fidelity (beam-based) and high-fidelity (shell-based) models. This approach promises structural feasibility, reduces computational costs, and incorporates high-fidelity information early in the design process. The envisioned methodology bridges different design stages, enabling better overall aircraft performance. By aligning and comparing a beam-based and shell-based model, the study explores their use in multi-fidelity optimisation. The results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of this approach, offering a robust framework for future aircraft design projects.
Competing risks model for clustered data based on the subdistribution hazards with spatial random effects
Creators: name: Momenyan, Somayeh
name: Ahmadi, Farzane
name: Poorolajal, Jalal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: In some applications, the clustered survival data are arranged spatially such as clinical centers or geographical regions. Incorporating spatial variation in these data not only can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the parameter estimation, but it also investigates the spatial patterns of survivorship for identifying high-risk areas. Competing risks in survival data concern a situation where there is more than one cause of failure, but only the occurrence of the first one is observable. In this paper, we considered Bayesian subdistribution hazard regression models with spatial random effects for the clustered HIV/AIDS data. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive (ICAR) distribution was employed to model the areal spatial random effects. Comparison among competing models was performed by the deviance information criterion. We illustrated the gains of our model through application to the HIV/AIDS data and the simulation studies.
Multivariate nonparametric methods in two-way balanced designs: performances and limitations in small samples
Creators: name: Ronchi, Fabrizio
name: Harrar, Solomon W.
name: Salmaso, Luigi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Investigations of multivariate population are pretty common in applied researches, and the two-way crossed factorial design is a common design used at the exploratory phase in industrial applications. When assumptions such as multivariate normality and covariance homogeneity are violated, the conventional wisdom is to resort to nonparametric tests for hypotheses testing. In this paper we compare the performances, and in particular the power, of some nonparametric and semi-parametric methods that have been developed in recent years. Specifically, we examined resampling methods and robust versions of classical multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tests. In a simulation study, we generate data sets with different configurations of factor's effect, number of replicates, number of response variables under null hypothesis, and number of response variables under alternative hypothesis. The objective is to elicit practical advice and guides to practitioners regarding the sensitivity of the tests in the various configurations, the tradeoff between power and type I error, the strategic impact of increasing number of response variables, and the favourable performance of one test when the alternative is sparse. A real case study from an industrial engineering experiment in thermoformed packaging production is used to compare and illustrate the application of the various methods.
Computation of the Fresnel diffraction of starshades based on a polygonal approximation
Creators: name: Prunet, Simon
name: Aime, Claude
name: Ferrari, André
name: Theys, Céline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design of starshades, i.e. external occulters for stellar coronography, relies on the fast and precise computation of their associated diffraction patterns of incoming plane waves in the telescope aperture plane. We present here a method based on a polygonal approximation of the occulter's shape, that allows fast computation of their diffraction patterns in the Fresnel approximation, without aliasing artefacts. It is competitive with respect to methods based on direct 2D Fourier transforms, or Boundary Diffraction Wave algorithms.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Analysis of batched service time data using Gaussian and semi-parametric kernel models
Creators: name: Wang, Xueying
name: Zhou, Chunxiao
name: Makambi, Kepher
name: Yuan, Ao
name: Ahn, Jaeil
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Batched data is a type of data where each observed data value is the sum of a number of grouped (batched) latent ones obtained under different conditions. Batched data arises in various practical backgrounds and is often found in social studies and management sector. The analysis of such data is analytically challenging due to its structural complexity. In this article, we describe how to analyze batched service time data, estimate the mean and variance of each batch that are latent. We in particular focus on the situation when the observed total time includes an unknown proportion of non-service time. To address this problem, we propose a Gaussian model for efficiency as well as a semi-parametric kernel density model for robustness. We evaluate the performance of both proposed methods through simulation studies and then applied our methods to analyze a batched data.
Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations
Creators: name: Zhang, L.
name: Jacob, D. J.
name: Boersma, K. F.
name: Jaffe, D. A.
name: Olson, J. R.
name: Bowman, K. W.
name: Worden, J. R.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Avery, M. A.
name: Cohen, R. C.
name: Dibb, J. E.
name: Flock, F. M.
name: Fuelberg, H. E.
name: Huey, L. G.
name: McMillan, W. W.
name: Singh, H. B.
name: Weinheimer, A. J.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2008

description: We use an ensemble of aircraft, satellite, sonde, and surface observations for April–May 2006 (NASA/INTEX-B aircraft campaign) to better understand the mechanisms for transpacific ozone pollution and its implications for North American air quality. The observations are interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). OMI NO2 satellite observations constrain Asian anthropogenic NOx emissions and indicate a factor of 2 increase from 2000 to 2006 in China. Satellite observations of CO from AIRS and TES indicate two major events of Asian transpacific pollution during INTEX-B. Correlation between TES CO and ozone observations shows evidence for transpacific ozone pollution. The semi-permanent Pacific High and Aleutian Low cause splitting of transpacific pollution plumes over the Northeast Pacific. The northern branch circulates around the Aleutian Low and has little impact on North America. The southern branch circulates around the Pacific High and some of that air impacts western North America. Both aircraft measurements and model results show sustained ozone production driven by peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) decomposition in the southern branch, roughly doubling the transpacific influence from ozone produced in the Asian boundary layer. Model simulation of ozone observations at Mt. Bachelor Observatory in Oregon (2.7 km altitude) indicates a mean Asian ozone pollution contribution of 9±3 ppbv to the mean observed concentration of 54 ppbv, reflecting mostly an enhancement in background ozone rather than episodic Asian plumes. Asian pollution enhanced surface ozone concentrations by 5–7 ppbv over western North America in spring 2006. The 2000–2006 rise in Asian anthropogenic emissions increased this influence by 1–2 ppbv.
The Water Vapor Variability - Satellite/Sondes (WAVES) Field Campaigns
Creators: name: Whiteman, D. N.
name: Adam, M.
name: Barnet, C.
name: Bojkov, B.
name: Delgado, Ruben
name: Demoz, B.
name: Fitzgibbon, J.
name: Forno, R.
name: Herman, R.
name: Hoff, Raymond
name: Joseph, E.
name: Landulfo, E.
name: McCann, K.
name: McGee, T.
name: Miloshevich, L.
name: Restrepo, I.
name: Schmidlin, F. J.
name: Taubman, B.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Twigg, L.
name: Venable, D.
name: Vomel, H.
name: Walthall, C.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

description: Laboratorio de Fisica de la Atmosfera/Universidad mayor de San Andres Meeting, La Paz, Bolivia, July 7-11, 2008
description: Three NASA-funded field campaigns have been hosted at the Howard University Research Campus in Beltsville, MD. In each of the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, WAVES field campaigns have coordinated ozonesonde launches, lidar operations and other measurements with A-train satellite overpasses for the purposes of satellite validation. The unique mix of measurement systems, physical location and the interagency, international group of researchers and students has permitted other objectives, such as mesoscale meteorological studies, to be addressed as well. We review the goals and accomplishments of the three WAVES missions with the emphasis on the nonsatellite validation component of WAVES, as the satellite validation activities have been reported elsewhere.
Refractive index profile of a multi-step fibre using differential interference contrast microscopy
Creators: name: Kouskousis, Betty P.
name: Kitcher, Daniel J.
name: Collins, Stephen F.
name: Roberts, Ann
name: Baxter, Greg W.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A method to extract quantitative phase data from differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopic images is presented. This method in conjunction with the inverse Abel transform is used to obtain an accurate refractive index profile of a calibrated multi-step optical fibre (National Physical Laboratory). Results of the refractive index profile are compared with that determined by the calibration process.
The Future of Intelligent Healthcare: A Systematic Analysis and Discussion on the Integration and Impact of Robots Using Large Language Models for Healthcare
Creators: name: Pashangpour, Souren
name: Nejat, Goldie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The potential use of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare robotics can help address the significant demand put on healthcare systems around the world with respect to an aging demographic and a shortage of healthcare professionals. Even though LLMs have already been integrated into medicine to assist both clinicians and patients, the integration of LLMs within healthcare robots has not yet been explored for clinical settings. In this perspective paper, we investigate the groundbreaking developments in robotics and LLMs to uniquely identify the needed system requirements for designing health specific LLM based robots in terms of multi modal communication through human robot interactions (HRIs), semantic reasoning, and task planning. Furthermore, we discuss the ethical issues, open challenges, and potential future research directions for this emerging innovative field.
Abrupt reduction in shipping emission as an inadvertent geoengineering termination shock produces substantial radiative warming
Creators: name: Yuan, Tianle
name: Song, Hua
name: Oreopoulos, Lazaros
name: Wood, Robert
name: Bian, Huisheng
name: Breen, Katherine
name: Chin, Mian
name: Yu, Hongbin
name: Barahona, Donifan
name: Meyer, Kerry
name: Platnick, Steven
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry
Climate and Earth system modelling

description: Human activities affect the Earth’s climate through modifying the composition of the atmosphere, which then creates radiative forcing that drives climate change. The warming effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gases has been partially balanced by the cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosols. In 2020, fuel regulations abruptly reduced the emission of sulfur dioxide from international shipping by about 80% and created an inadvertent geoengineering termination shock with global impact. Here we estimate the regulation leads to a radiative forcing of $$+0.2\pm 0.11$$Wm?2 averaged over the global ocean. The amount of radiative forcing could lead to a doubling (or more) of the warming rate in the 2020?s compared with the rate since 1980 with strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The warming effect is consistent with the recent observed strong warming in 2023 and expected to make the 2020?s anomalously warm. The forcing is equivalent in magnitude to 80% of the measured increase in planetary heat uptake since 2020. The radiative forcing also has strong hemispheric contrast, which has important implications for precipitation pattern changes. Our result suggests marine cloud brightening may be a viable geoengineering method in temporarily cooling the climate that has its unique challenges due to inherent spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
Monocular Event-Based Vision for Obstacle Avoidance with a Quadrotor
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Anish
name: Cannici, Marco
name: Rao, Nishanth
name: Tao, Yuezhan
name: Kumar, Vijay
name: Matni, Nikolai
name: Scaramuzza, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the first static-obstacle avoidance method for quadrotors using just an onboard, monocular event camera. Quadrotors are capable of fast and agile flight in cluttered environments when piloted manually, but vision-based autonomous flight in unknown environments is difficult in part due to the sensor limitations of traditional onboard cameras. Event cameras, however, promise nearly zero motion blur and high dynamic range, but produce a very large volume of events under significant ego-motion and further lack a continuous-time sensor model in simulation, making direct sim-to-real transfer not possible. By leveraging depth prediction as a pretext task in our learning framework, we can pre-train a reactive obstacle avoidance events-to-control policy with approximated, simulated events and then fine-tune the perception component with limited events-and-depth real-world data to achieve obstacle avoidance in indoor and outdoor settings. We demonstrate this across two quadrotor-event camera platforms in multiple settings and find, contrary to traditional vision-based works, that low speeds (1m/s) make the task harder and more prone to collisions, while high speeds (5m/s) result in better event-based depth estimation and avoidance. We also find that success rates in outdoor scenes can be significantly higher than in certain indoor scenes.
description: 18 pages with supplementary
Ten Ways That Weed Evolution Defies Human Management Efforts Amidst a Changing Climate
Creators: name: Clements, David R.
name: Jones, Vanessa L.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The ability of weeds to evolve is key to their success, and the relationship between weeds and humans is marked by co-evolution going back to the agricultural revolution, with weeds evolving to counter human management actions. In recent years, climate change has emerged as yet another selection pressure imposed on weeds by humans, and weeds are likewise very capable of adapting to this latest stress of human origin. This review summarizes 10 ways this adaptation occurs: (1) general-purpose genotypes, (2) life history strategies, (3) ability to evolve rapidly, (4) epigenetic capacity, (5) hybridization, (6) herbicide resistance, (7) herbicide tolerance, (8) cropping systems vulnerability, (9) co-evolution of weeds with human management, and (10) the ability of weeds to ride the climate storm humans have generated. As pioneer species ecologically, these 10 ways enable weeds to adapt to the numerous impacts of climate change, including warming temperatures, elevated CO2, frequent droughts and extreme weather events. We conclude that although these 10 ways present formidable challenges for weed management, the novelty arising from weed evolution could be used creatively to prospect for genetic material to be used in crop improvement, and to develop a more holistic means of managing agroecosystems.
Imaging protein interactions in vivo with sub-cellular resolution
Creators: name: Raicu, Valerica
name: Stoneman, Michael R.
name: Fung, Russell
name: Melnichuk, Mike
name: Jansma, David B.
name: Pisterzi, Luca
name: Fox, Michael
name: Wells, James W.
name: Saldin, Dilano K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant Energy Transfer (RET) from an optically excited donor molecule (D) to a non-excited acceptor molecule (A) residing nearby is widely used to detect molecular interactions in living cells. Stoichiometric information, such as the number of proteins forming a complex, has been obtained so far for a handful of proteins, but only after exposing the sample sequentially to at least two different excitation wavelengths. During this lengthy process of measurement, the molecular makeup of a cellular region may change, and this has so far limited the applicability of RET to determination of cellular averages. Here we demonstrate a method for imaging protein complex distribution in living cells with sub-cellular spatial resolution, which relies on a spectrally-resolved two-photon microscope, a simple but competent theory, and a keen selection of fluorescent tags. This technology may eventually lead to tracking dynamics of macromolecular complex formation and dissociation with spatial resolution inside living cells.
La formule des traces pour les revêtements de groupes réductifs connexes. II. Analyse harmonique locale
Creators: name: Li, Wen-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F72 (Primary), 11F70 (Secondary)

description: We establish some results in local harmonic analysis which are necessary for Arthur's invariant trace formula for coverings of connected reductive groups. More precisely, for local coverings we will study (1) the Plancherel formula and its preparations, (2) the normalization of intertwining operators subject to Arthur's conditions, (3) the local behavior of characters of admissible representations in the nonarchimedean case, and (4) the genuine part of the invariant local trace formula. As a byproduct of the invariant local trace formula, we deduce the density of tempered characters for coverings.
description: 71 pages, in French language, an errata (Section 6) for Section 4.1 is added
Contact angle entropy and macroscopic friction in non-cohesive two dimensional granular packings
Creators: name: Petit, Juan C. P.
name: García, Xavier
name: Sánchez, Iván
name: Medina, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between the granular contact angle distribution and local particle friction on the macroscopic friction and bulk modulus in non-cohesive disk packings. Molecular dynamics in two dimensions are used to simulate uniaxial loading-unloading cycles imposed on the granular packings. While macroscopic Mohr-friction depends on the granular pack geometric details, it reaches a stationary limit after a finite number of loading-unloading cycles that render well-defined values for bulk modulus, grain coordination, porosity, and friction. For random packings and for all polydispersities analyzed, we found that as inter-particle friction increases, the bulk modulus for the limit cycle decreases linearly, while the mean coordination number is reduced and the porosity increased, also as approximately linear functions. On the other hand, the macroscopic Mohr-friction increases in a monotonous trend with inter-particle friction. The latter result is compared to a theoretical model which assumes the existence of sliding planes corresponding to definite Mohr-friction values. The simulation results for macroscopic friction are well described by the theoretical model that incorporates the local neighbour angle distribution that can be quantified through the contact angle entropy. As local friction is increased, the limit entropy of the neighbour angle distribution is reduced, thus introducing the geometric component to granular friction. Surprisingly, once the limit cycle is reached, the Mohr-friction seem to be insensitive to polydispersity as has been recently reported.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, Accepted in Physical Review E
Reduction of the bulk modulus with polydispersity in non-cohesive granular solids
Creators: name: Petit, Juan C.
name: Medina, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of grain polydispersity on the bulk modulus in non-cohesive two dimensional granular solids. Molecular dynamics simulations in two dimensions are used to describe polydisperse samples that reach a stationary limit after a number of hysteresis cycles. For stationary samples, we obtain that the packing with the highest polydispersity has the lowest bulk modulus. We compute the correlation between normal and tangential forces with grain size using the concept of {\it branch vector/contact length}. Classifying the contact lengths and forces by their size compared to the average length and average force respectively, we find that strong normal and tangential forces are carried by large contact lengths, generally composed of at least one large grain. This behavior is more dominant as polydispersity increases, making force networks more anisotropic and removing the support, from small grains, in the loading direction thus reducing the bulk modulus of the granular pack. Our results for two dimensions describe qualitatively the results of three dimensional experiments.
description: 9 pages, 9 Figures, Submitted to Physical Review E
SpectralNet: Spectral Clustering using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Shaham, Uri
name: Stanton, Kelly
name: Li, Henry
name: Nadler, Boaz
name: Basri, Ronen
name: Kluger, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spectral clustering is a leading and popular technique in unsupervised data analysis. Two of its major limitations are scalability and generalization of the spectral embedding (i.e., out-of-sample-extension). In this paper we introduce a deep learning approach to spectral clustering that overcomes the above shortcomings. Our network, which we call SpectralNet, learns a map that embeds input data points into the eigenspace of their associated graph Laplacian matrix and subsequently clusters them. We train SpectralNet using a procedure that involves constrained stochastic optimization. Stochastic optimization allows it to scale to large datasets, while the constraints, which are implemented using a special-purpose output layer, allow us to keep the network output orthogonal. Moreover, the map learned by SpectralNet naturally generalizes the spectral embedding to unseen data points. To further improve the quality of the clustering, we replace the standard pairwise Gaussian affinities with affinities leaned from unlabeled data using a Siamese network. Additional improvement can be achieved by applying the network to code representations produced, e.g., by standard autoencoders. Our end-to-end learning procedure is fully unsupervised. In addition, we apply VC dimension theory to derive a lower bound on the size of SpectralNet. State-of-the-art clustering results are reported on the Reuters dataset. Our implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/kstant0725/SpectralNet .
description: Added citations. Accepted to ICLR 2018