cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Eco-Design and Energy Labeling for Photovoltaic Modules, Inverters and Systems – Enabling a Sustainable Value Chain in the EU?
Creators: name: Wade, A.
name: Sauer, T.C.
name: Neuhaus, H.
name: Probst, L.
name: Taylor, R.
name: Moser, D.
name: Rohr, C.
name: Rossi, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 690-695
description: As the PV sector continues to grow, becoming an increasingly important contributor to the electricity supply mix, proving true sustainability is becoming increasingly important to support the promise of a viable, longlasting, and eco-friendly electricity source. Various data suggest room for improvement when it comes to reliability and sustainability, and therefore, several initiatives from the private sector and from governments – including the EU Commission – have been launched. Following the conclusion of the European Commission’s preparatory study for Eco-Design, Energy Labeling, Green Public Procurement and Ecolabeling for PV modules, inverters and systems, a Joint Mission Group (JMG) of international PV experts evaluated the proposals and provided recommendations on the parameters, structure and benchmarks for the implementation of sustainable product policy instruments for PV in the European Union. The closely interlinked topics of product lifetime, quality and reliability, energy yield and sustainability performance require a holistic approach, to ensure comparability and transparency for electricity prosumers and a level playing field for the value chain actors – the combination of mandatory product requirements, backed by quality, reliability & sustainability standards, information requirements on performance through prosumer labels and incentivization of more sustainable products can become the backbone of a reinstated European PV value chain along all life cycle stages. Included in the recommendations of the JMG is the concept of an “Environmental Impact Index”.
For a More Sustainable Future – Mylar® UVHPET™ Backsheets Containing Polymeric Post-Consumer Recycled Content
Creators: name: Parnham, E.
name: Davies, S.
name: Stratiychuk-Dear, D.
name: Kaeselau, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 674-676
description: Over the last 10 years there has been an exponential increase in photovoltaic (PV) installations [1]. During this period of rapid growth there has been limited focus on the end of life strategies for these modules, but now with waste from the PV industry forecast to grow to 1.7 million tons by 2030 and approximately 60 million tons of cumulative PV panel waste by 2050 [2], there is an urgent need to address both the production materials used and their eventual disposal options, to ensure the industry is thoroughly applying the principles of eco design and the circular economy. This paper will focus on the development using post-consumer recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) as a feedstock in the DuPont Teijin Films LuxCR™ process where the rPET is converted back by glycolysis [3] into the monomer unit bis(2- hydroxyethylterephthalate) or BHET which is chemically indistinguishable from virgin monomer. This base monomer is then repolymerised and is subsequently converted into a wide range of biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) films maintaining the same mechanical, physical and optical properties as virgin material. The use of glycolysis as a relatively low carbon form of chemically recycling offers the PV industry not only a viable end of life option for the backsheet material, but also the ability to incorporate recycled material back into PV modules, boosting the circularity of the photovoltaic market and contributing to the EU’s plastic strategy goal of using 10 million tonnes of recycled plastic by 2025 [4].
Determinants of Multi-modal Transport Effectiveness: the Case of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise
Creators: name: Mulugeta, Aklile
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Multimodal transport system is modern transport and freight distribution system all over the world is tending towards the adoption of best practices, those are reliable, timely and cost effectively. Multimodal transport between sea, road and rail, has received a large interest in recent years. Hence, this research focusedon the determinants factors of multimodal transport effectiveness. And then how these factors affect multimodal effectiveness. Primary data were collected witha structured questionnaire and interview as a data collection instrument was usedandsupported by secondary data. Out of the 228 questionnaires distributed only 200 were successfully returned back. Descriptive and inferential statistics analysis method were used to analysis the outputs (i.e. mean, ANOVA, t-tests and regression) using SPSS Software. Five determinant factors of multimodal effectiveness (i.e. transitcost, transit time, logisticsinfrastructures, services reliability and cargo safety and liability) were analyzed. Based on the findings of the research most of the respondents were dissatisfied on fairness of transit cost, moderately agreed on the infrastructures, service reliability and transit time, and agree on the cargo safety and liability.Hence, based on the findings of the research it is possible to conclude that shortages of logistics infrastructures which result in increased transit cost and time.It also indicate that transit cost, transit time, logistics infrastructure and service reliabilityhave significant impact on multimodal effectiveness. In addition, least square regression showed that 65 percentage of the variability of multimodal effectiveness was explained by the independent variables. Lastly, the researcher recommends Ethiopian Shipping Logistics Service Enterprise, should improve information technology infrastructures and equipped all the ports and terminalslatest machineries and facilities in the future. Furthermore, remove double costs and should provide one stop services for the effectiveness of multimodal transport system. Key Words: Multimodal Transport System, transit cost and time, dry Ports,
Modular implicits
Creators: name: White, Leo
name: Bour, Frédéric
name: Yallop, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.3

description: We present modular implicits, an extension to the OCaml language for ad-hoc polymorphism inspired by Scala implicits and modular type classes. Modular implicits are based on type-directed implicit module parameters, and elaborate straightforwardly into OCaml's first-class functors. Basing the design on OCaml's modules leads to a system that naturally supports many features from other languages with systematic ad-hoc overloading, including inheritance, instance constraints, constructor classes and associated types.
description: In Proceedings ML/OCaml 2014, arXiv:1512.01438
Energy Payback Time of Photovoltaic Electricity Generated by Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) Solar Modules: A Novel Methodology Proposal
Creators: name: Salibi, M.
name: Schönberger, F.
name: Makolli, Q.
name: Bousi, E.
name: Almajali, S.
name: Friedrich, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 677-682
description: Renewable energy (RE) capacity is projected to surge to an 85% share of global electricity generation by 2050, the photovoltaic (PV) share specifically is expected to increase from 1% to 22%. Increasing shares of RE in the grid mix will influence energy performance indicators, such as energy payback time (EPBT). To accurately calculate and interpret energy performance indicators, these influences must be captured. In this paper, the IEA PVPS Task 12 methodology to calculate EPBT and non-renewable EPBT (NR-EPBT) is applied. The method is evaluated quantitatively, based on the implications introduced by the grid efficiency parameter. A modified methodology for calculating EPBT (MEPBT is proposed and applied within a range of three global average grid efficiency scenarios. M-EPBTs are found to be significantly lower for all scenarios. In the mid scenario (aGlobal = 33%), M-EPBT values are compared to the respective EPBTs for three installation locations, which are lowered by following magnitudes: -29% for Rio De Janeiro (Brazil), -21% for Ottawa (Canada), and -23% for Catania (Italy). Future EPBT projections until 2050 show that the M-EPBT can represent the expected energy intensity improvements of the PV system and balance of system (BOS) technologies without an altering effect of local grid efficiency at the PV system installation location more effectively.
Under a cloud of uncertainty: Legal questions affecting Internet storage and transmission of copyright-protected video content
Creators: name: Fund, Fraida
name: Hosseini, S. Amir
name: Panwar, Shivendra S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid growth of multimedia consumption has triggered technical, economic, and business innovations that improve the quality and accessibility of content. It has also opened new markets, promising large revenues for industry players. However, new technologies also pose new questions regarding the legal aspects of content delivery, which are often resolved through litigation between copyright owners and content distributors. The precedents set by these cases will act as a game changer in the content delivery industry and will shape the existing offerings in the market in terms of how new technologies can be deployed and what kind of pricing strategies can be associated with them. In this paper, we offer a tutorial on key copyright and communications laws and decisions related to storage and transmission of video content over the Internet. We summarize legal limitations on the deployment of new technologies and pricing mechanisms, and explain the implications of recent lawsuits. Understanding these concerns is essential for engineers engaged in designing the technical and economic aspects of video delivery systems.
description: Accepted in IEEE Network Special Issue on Smart Data Pricing
Context-Sensitive PV Plant Components Benchmarking Based on Monitoring Data
Creators: name: Vanheusden, W.
name: Ascencio-Vásquez, J.
name: De Brabandere, K.
name: Lindig, S.
name: Moser, D.
name: Richter, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Balance of System Components

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 667-669
description: In the framework of the new H2020 project TRUST PV, a benchmarking methodology is being developed. The objective is analyzing how different contextual parameters – such as micro-climate and environment, different assets composed of different components from different manufactures in different configurations – influence the distribution of performance Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). This is achieved by applying big data analytics to over 6.5 GW of solar monitoring data coming from more than 10.000 PV sites monitored through 3E’s asset management platform SynaptiQ. In this paper, the data requirements, and data architecture for this type of benchmarking are presented as well as several preliminary case studies. However, the work is still ongoing within the TRUST PV project and needs to be further extended and validated. The end goal of this component-benchmarking tool is to support technical decisions of different stakeholders (manufacturers, designers, operators, financial entities, etc.), to improve the assumptions taken in PV yield and degradation modelling.
Re-Use of Decommissioned PV Modules: Opportunities and Technical Guidelines
Creators: name: Van Der Heide, A.S.H.
name: Tous, L.
name: Wambach, K.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Clyncke, J.
name: Voroshazi, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 670-673
description: Since huge numbers of PV modules are expected to be discarded over the next decades, it is important to think about end-of-life management for those modules, like recycling and re-use. However, the re-use of decommissioned modules is a quite complex subject since there are concerns from technical, economic and legislative point of view. An evaluation of possible applications for second-hand modules shows that currently, the use of these modules in high-income countries is only interesting to repair PV systems (usually still receiving feed-in tariff) and to replace old modules to extend PV system lifetime. For developing regions in Africa and Asia, second-hand modules are interesting to build new small to medium size PV systems (often off-grid). The typical decommissioned module is a crystalline silicon glass-backsheet module from a utility power plant. Most modules originate from plants that have been partly damaged by severe weather or from repowered plants. Currently, technical requirements to qualify PV modules for re-use are lacking. In the legislation also a clear criterion is needed for a module to be considered as a functional product instead of waste, since it is not an easy yes/no situation like for a typical electronic device. In this paper, it is proposed to set a clear performance threshold at 70% of the original power. Also guidelines for a low-cost quality inspection and cost-effective module repair are given. With this, we aim to open the dialogue on a commonly accepted protocol and criteria. Currently, the worldwide re-use market size is estimated to be around 1 GWp/year, of which 0.3 GWp/year originating from Europe (mainly Germany, with Italy rapidly coming up). Many second-hand modules are shipped to developing countries without recycling facilities which might be a risk for disposal on the longer term. To create a healthy and sustainable market for re-use of modules it will be important that standards for re-use module evaluation become available and that the existing electronic waste legislation will be adapted for energy producing products like PV modules.
In the Age of Web: Typed Functional-First Programming Revisited
Creators: name: Petricek, Tomas
name: Syme, Don
name: Bray, Zach
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most programming languages were designed before the age of web. This matters because the web changes many assumptions that typed functional language designers take for granted. For example, programs do not run in a closed world, but must instead interact with (changing and likely unreliable) services and data sources, communication is often asynchronous or event-driven, and programs need to interoperate with untyped environments. In this paper, we present how the F# language and libraries face the challenges posed by the web. Technically, this comprises using type providers for integration with external information sources and for integration with untyped programming environments, using lightweight meta-programming for targeting JavaScript and computation expressions for writing asynchronous code. In this inquiry, the holistic perspective is more important than each of the features in isolation. We use a practical case study as a starting point and look at how F# language and libraries approach the challenges posed by the web. The specific lessons learned are perhaps less interesting than our attempt to uncover hidden assumptions that no longer hold in the age of web.
description: In Proceedings ML/OCaml 2014, arXiv:1512.01438
Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields
Creators: name: Krauter, S.
name: Bendfeld, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Balance of System Components

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 659-663
description: Efficiencies and energy yields of microinverters available on the market during 20142021 have been measured, compared, and ranked. Conversion efficiencies as a function of load have been measured indoors with high accuracy and ranked according to Euro- and CEC weightings. Energy yields have been measured outdoors via identical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp (until 2020) and 360 Wp (starting 2021). Inverters with two inputs have been fed by two of those modules. DC input, AC power output and energy yield of each micro- inverter have been recorded by individual calibrated electricity meters. CEC and EU efficiency rankings have been computed and compared. To assess the influence of PV module size, two extremes have been investigated: A rather small module with 215 Wp - as it has been used 10 years ago, and a brand-new module (2021) offering 360 Wp. Both types of modules contain 60 solar cells in series connection. Appling the low-power modules, the challenge for the different micro-inverters has been during weak-light conditions, using the high-power modules, some inverters temporarily reach their power limits and yield is reduced. A method using a reference configuration of inverter & module and a linear equation y = ax + b resulting in the actual yield, any module & inverter configuration can be characterized by just the coefficients a and b.
Clinical outcomes and sick leave in relation to UDCA treatment in Swedish patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Creators: name: Henriksson, Ida
name: Udumyan, Ruzan
name: Nilsson, Emma
name: Önnerhag, Kristina
name: Rorsman, Fredrik
name: Werner, Mårten
name: Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich
name: Wahlin, Staffan
name: Nyhlin, Nils
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease that may progress into liver cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is known to prevent or delay the disease progression, but little is known about work incapacity in PBC patients. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes (transplantation-free survival; cirrhosis development) and sick leave in patients with PBC with and without UDCA therapy. The medical records of 526 patients with PBC diagnosed from 2004 to 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Sick leave data retrieved from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency were analysed for a sub-cohort of patients and matched controls. Cox regression was used for analysis of clinical outcomes. Logistic and conditional logistic regressions were used for sick leave analysis. A total of 10.6% of patients died and 3.4% received liver transplantation over a median follow-up time of 5.7 years. UDCA-untreated patients (HR 3.62 (95%CI 2.02–6.49)) and UDCA non-responders (HR 3.78 (95% CI 1.87–7.66)) had higher mortality or transplantation rates than UDCA responders. Patients with PBC had higher odds of sick leave (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.69–3.70) than matched controls. Untreated patients were more likely to be on sick leave (OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.12–9.25) two years after diagnosis than UDCA responders. Both untreated patients and UDCA non-responders had lower liver transplantation-free survival rates than UDCA responders. Patients with PBC were more likely to be on sick leave compared to matched controls from the general population.
Analysis and Development of a Fault-Tolerant Power Converter for Solar PV Applications
Creators: name: Filba-Martinez, A.
name: Cabré-Piqueras, C.
name: Trilla, L.
name: Paradell Sola, P.
name: Domínguez-García, J.L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Balance of System Components

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 664-666
description: Due to the ongoing growth of Solar PV generation on the energy share, it is of major interest to achieve cost reductions for this technology. When considering PV plant lifetime and reliability, the power converter element is responsible for approximately 50% of total failures on a solar PV plant. Thus, this paper proposes a fault-tolerant multistring converter to address this challenge. This converter is able to survive a first fault achieving fault tolerance in both DC-DC and DC-AC stages. In order to validate this design, a 5 kW lab-scale prototype has been tested under emulated faults successfully. Also, a quantitative evaluation of the proposed fault-tolerant converter has concluded that by a total cost increase of only 4% and an efficiency reduction of a 0.5%, this topology almost doubles the converter lifetime expectancy in comparison to the conventional setup.
The Relationship Between Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty; The Mediation Effect of Customer Satisfaction in Pharmaceutical Sectors of Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Ayda, Mulat
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between relationship marketing and customer loyalty mediated by customer satisfaction in pharmaceutical sectors of Addis Ababa. The objective of the study is examining the relationship between trust, commitment and customer's loyalty and it has also another objective to identify the mediating effect of customer satisfaction in the relationship between relationship marketing and customer's loyalty. The study employs an explanatory research design and uses quantitative approach. A survey is conducted by using structured close ended questionnaires which is distributed to 270 pharmacists and druggists. Descriptive, correlation and multiple regression statistical tools is used to examine the relationship between trust, commitment, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. To analyze the mediating effect of customer satisfaction bootstrapping method is used. The correlation result and findings show that trust, commitment and customer satisfaction are positively related with customer loyalty and the bootstrapping method shows that customer satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between relationship marketing and customer loyalty. Thus this study recommended that suppliers in the pharmaceutical sector of Addis Ababa are expected to invest more on attracting new customers and retaining the existing ones. They should recognize the importance of relationship marketing and customer satisfaction in creating loyal customers and implement it properly
Deterministic reshaping of single-photon spectra using cross-phase modulation
Creators: name: Matsuda, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The frequency conversion of light has proved to be a crucial technology for communication, spectroscopy, imaging, and signal processing. In the quantum regime, it also offers great potential for realizing quantum networks incorporating disparate physical systems and quantum-enhanced information processing over a large computational space. The frequency conversion of quantum light, such as single photons, has been extensively investigated for the last two decades using all-optical frequency mixing, with the ultimate goal of realizing lossless and noiseless conversion. I demonstrate another route to this target using frequency conversion induced by cross-phase modulation in a dispersion-managed photonic crystal fiber. Owing to the deterministic and all-optical nature of the process, the lossless and low-noise spectral reshaping of a single-photon wave packet in the telecommunication band has been readily achieved with a modulation bandwidth as large as 0.4 THz. I further demonstrate that the scheme is applicable to manipulations of a nonclassical frequency correlation, wave packet interference, and entanglement between two photons. This approach presents a new coherent frequency interface for photons for quantum information processing.
Bemerkungen zu einigen Zügen des Menschenbildes der Psychoanalyse
Creators: name: Waelhens, Alphonse De
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 9 Nr. 6/7 (1973): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 9, Heft 6/7
Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease: implementation, utilization, and barriers in clinical practice in Scandinavia
Creators: name: Bjørlykke, Kristin H.
name: Jahnsen, Jørgen
name: Brynskov, Jørn
name: Molander, Pauliina
name: Eberhardson, Michael
name: Davidsdottir, Loà G.
name: Sipponen, Taina
name: Hjortswang, Henrik
name: Goll, Guro Løvik
name: Syversen, Silje Watterdal
name: Langholz, Ebbe
name: Jørgensen, Kristin K.
name: Steenholdt, Casper
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may optimize biologic and thiopurine therapies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study aimed to investigate implementation and utilization of TDM in Scandinavia. A web-based questionnaire on the use of TDM was distributed to Scandinavian gastroenterologists via the national societies. In total, 297 IBD physicians prescribing biologic therapies, equally distributed between community and university hospitals, were included (response rate 42%) (Norway 118 (40%), Denmark 86 (29%), Sweden 50 (17%), Finland 33 (11%), Iceland 10 (3%)). Overall, TDM was applied during biologic therapies by 87%, and for TNF-inhibitors >90%. Among the users, reactive and proactive TDM were utilized by 90% and 63%, respectively. Danish physicians were significantly less inclined to use TDM compared to other Scandinavian countries; (58% vs 98%); OR 0.03 [0.01–0.09], p < 0.001). Reactive TDM was commonly applied at primary (74%) and secondary (99%) treatment failure. Proactive TDM was used by 80% during maintenance therapy and 56% during induction and more commonly utilized in Norway (p < 0.001), and by physicians managing >10 IBD patients/week (p = 0.005). TDM scenarios were interpreted in accord with available evidence but with discrepancies for proactive TDM. The main barriers to TDM were lack of guidelines (51%) and time lag between sampling and results (49%). TDM of thiopurines was routinely used by 87%. TDM of biologic and thiopurine therapies has been broadly implemented into clinical practice in Scandinavia. However, physicians call for TDM guidelines detailing indications and interpretations of test results along with improved test response times.
Collinear antiferromagnetism in trigonal SrMn$_{2}$As$_{2}$ revealed by single-crystal neutron diffraction
Creators: name: Das, Pinaki
name: Sangeetha, N. S.
name: Pandey, Abhishek
name: Benson, Zackery A.
name: Heitmann, T. W.
name: Johnston, D. C.
name: Goldman, A. I.
name: Kreyssig, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fe pnictides and related materials have been a topic of intense research for understanding the complex interplay between magnetism and superconductivity. Here we report on the magnetic structure of SrMn$_{2}$As$_{2}$ that crystallizes in a trigonal structure ($P\bar{3}m1$) and undergoes an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at $T_{\textrm c}$ $= 118(2)$ K. The magnetic susceptibility remains nearly constant at temperatures $T \le T_{\textrm N}$ with $\textbf{H}\parallel \textbf{c}$ whereas it decreases significantly with $\textbf{H}\parallel \textbf{ab}$. This shows that the ordered Mn moments lie in the $\textbf{ab}$-plane instead of aligning along the $\textbf{c}$-axis as in tetragonal BaMn$_{2}$As$_{2}$. Single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements on SrMn$_{2}$As$_{2}$ demonstrate that the Mn moments are ordered in a collinear Néel AFM phase with $180^\circ$ AFM alignment between a moment and all nearest neighbor moments in the basal plane and also perpendicular to it. Moreover, quasi-two-dimensional AFM order is manifested in SrMn$_{2}$As$_{2}$ as evident from the temperature dependence of the order parameter.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Performance Analysis of Shaded PV Module Power Electronic Systems
Creators: name: Baumgartner, F.P.
name: Vogt, R.
name: Allenspach, C.
name: Carigiet, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Balance of System Components

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 650-654
description: In the last decade decentralized Modul Level Power Electronics (MLPE) equipment has gained tremendous market share due to the potential to operate each Photovoltaic (PV) module in their optimum power point even in partial shading condition. The total losses of the group of decentralised DC/DC converter combined with the coupled centralised DC/AC inverter not always offer an advantage to the standard String Inverter System (SINV), like in the unshaded moments of high-power operation of a PV system at noon. The customer expects a clear answer about the quantified gain in annual power of a roof top system either operated by MLPE or SINV. Today, even the experienced planner is not able to elaborate these numbers in an economic efficient way. This is the case due to a lack of complex geometrical data of the shading obstacles and absence of software tools which are able to simulate the MLPE and SINV by calculating the shade of each solar cell in all PV modules together with an appropriate loss model of all used power electronic components. Up to know no standards exist to measure the set of MLPEs in the lab and the manufactures have not proposed detailed loss models up to now, whereas only max efficiency number of the MLPE are stated in their data sheets. This paper shows that detailed loss measurements performed in the lab, provided up to three percent higher losses of the MLPEs in the relevant operation area commonly used through a year of operation. It is recommended to use a very narrow range of numbers of MLPE in the string for high efficiency power conversion, due to the fact, that losses increase by 1.5% if the input/out voltage ratio of MLPE differ 5% from unity. A concept is presented to estimate the final so-called shading adaption efficiency which is based on the efficiency measurement of the MLPE in the indoor lab at a few operation points and by using weighting factors. Thus, the comparison of the shading adaption efficiency is given, either for different MLPEs or SINVs power electronic systems for a typical PV system with shading, relative to the same aggregated sum of maximum decentralised DC power at the PV Modules. Finally, one example of a tilt PV roof top system with partial shading of a chimney is given, were the standard SINV shows 1.2% percent higher losses estimated for a whole year of operation compared to a MLPE system. This value will change if the number of MLPE in the string is modified.
Envelope scrawls
Creators: name: Brown, Audrey Alexandra, 1904-1998
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canadian poetry
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/845173
subject: Authors, Canadian
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821870
subject: Brown, Audrey Alexandra, 1904-1998
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/409826
subject: Canadian literature
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/845111

description: An envelope from the Nanaimo Free Press, addressed to Brown and containing scrawls in her hand. Front of envelope has two columns of numbers, and the phrase 'What do you think?'; verso of envelope has the phrase 's rioghal mo dhream written several times in calligraphical lettering.
Estimates for higher Steklov eigenvalues
Creators: name: Yang, Liangwei
name: Yu, Chengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, motivated by the work of Raulot and Savo, we generalize Raulot-Savo's estimate for the first Steklov eigenvalues of Euclidean domains to higher Steklov eigenvalues.
description: 10 pages
Development of Mission Profiles for Humidity Models in the Reliability Testing of PV Inverters
Creators: name: Thiagarajan, R.
name: Hacke, P.
name: Flicker, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Balance of System Components

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 655-658
description: To understand the impacts of humidity on photovoltaic (PV) inverters, mission profiles were developed to accurately describe the different processes and rates based on the environmental factors of temperature, relative humidity, and irradiance. The operating environment of the device introduces stress factors dependent on component temperature, relative humidity, and component voltage. The development of profiles started from looking at historical climate conditions at Cocoa, Florida, a hot and humid location. The profile developed from the field location was compared with existing humidity test profiles in industrial and military standards to determine acceleration factors. Prior to the evaluation of the mission profiles, critical components in the PV inverter were identified based on vendor discussions along with failure modes of interest. The profiles considered in this study were demonstrated using a 4- kVA string inverter. The measurements from the critical components including film capacitor were substituted in the device manufacturer-specified equation to determine the severity of each test. The severity of each test was compared against the severity of the 24-hour result to determine the acceleration factor of each test. The acceleration factors were determined to be within a range of 1.2-6 for the existing humidity tests from standards when compared against the mission profile developed from field data. This optimal humidity/thermal profile will be passed to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards development group for inverter qualification testing.
The effect of foreign exchange risk management practices on financial performance of private commercial banks in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Sirak, Tadesse
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: Exchange rate is one of the macroeconomic variables that could influence banks profitability; it may affect directly or indirectly. Foreign exchange risk arises when a bank holds asset or liability in foreign currencies and impacts the earnings and capital of banks due to fluctuations in the exchange rates. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of foreign exchange risk management practice adopted by private commercial banks in Ethiopia on their financial performance. An explanatory research design was used for the study, with the target population of all the 16 private commercial banks in Ethiopia. The study used both primary and secondary source of data for the analysis. The primary data was collected by use of questionnaires and five point likert scales was used. The secondary data was collected by use of published reports as audited financial statements of private commercial banks. For this study there are four independent variables: FX policies and procedures, management information system, internal control system, the role of top management and uses financial performance (ROA) as a dependent variable. The researcher employed research analysis tool STATA. Regression analysis was used in the study and the results of the study were presented using tables and graphs. The research result found FX policies and procedures; internal control system and the role of top management have positive significant effect on financial performance of private commercial banks whereas, management information system was found to have positive but statistically insignificant effect on financial performance of private commercial banks. The study recommended private commercial banks to have continuous review of foreign exchange risk management practice they adopt and should give more attention to risk management in order to derive greater benefit from their risk management efforts.
Transparent Backsheets for Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Gu, X.
name: Smith, S.
name: Perry, L.
name: Watson, S.
name: Moffitt, S.L.
name: Shen, S.-J.
name: Mitterhofer, S.
name: Sung, L.-P.
name: Pan, P.-C.
name: Jacobs, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 640-645
description: Bifacial PV modules are promising to achieve a lower levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) compared to monofacial modules because light absorption occurs from both sides of the devices. Compared to the glass/glass bifacial modules, glass/backsheet modules show many advantages including lighter weight and high corrosion resistance. However, research on the weatherability and long-term reliability of transparent backsheet materials and bifacial modules under their service environments is lacking. In this study, accelerated weather testing using the NIST SPHERE (Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure) was conducted to investigate the durability of three fluoropolymer-based transparent backsheets and their laminated coupon counterparts. The transparent backsheets were exposed at UV/75 C/50 % relative humidity (RH), while the coupons were exposed at UV/65 C/50 % RH, both subjected to UV irradiance of approximately 140 W/m2 for up to 2000 h. Optical, chemical properties and mechanical properties of specimens were characterized. Results indicate that different transparent backsheets perform differently after aging, and potential cracking could occur once films become brittle. The cracking of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) core layer was observed, as well as the cracking of the ethylene vinyl-acetate (EVA) inner layer for a fluoroethylene vinyl ether (FEVE)/ PET/ EVA transparent backsheet. The other two backsheets, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)/PET/FEVE and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/PET/FEVE, showed no obvious signs of cracking up to 2000 h of UV exposure. This study suggests that UV stability of PET core layer is critical to the application of transparent backsheets for bifacial PV modules.
1T`-MoTe2 single crystal: a possible topological superconductor
Creators: name: Luo, X.
name: Chen, F. C.
name: Zhang, J. L.
name: Pei, Q. L.
name: Lin, G. T.
name: Lu, W. J.
name: Han, Y. Y.
name: Xi, C. Y.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Sun, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the magnetoresistvity (MR) properties of the 1T`-MoTe2 single crystal under the magnetic field up to 33 T.By analyzing the Shubnikov de Haas oscillations of MR at the low temperature, single Fermi surface is revealed.From the strong oscillatory component of the longitudinal resistance ΔRxx,a linear dependence of the Landau index n on 1/B is obtained.The intercept of the Landau index plot is between 3/8 and 1/2.This clearly reveals a nontrivial π Berry`s phase, which is a distinguished feature of Dirac fermions. Accompanied by the superconductivity observed at TC=0.1 K, 1T`-MoTe2 may be a promising candidate of the topological superconductor.
Surface abundances of OC supergiants
Creators: name: Martins, F.
name: Foschino, S.
name: Bouret, J. -C.
name: Barba, R.
name: Howarth, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some O and B stars show unusually strong or weak lines of carbon and/or nitrogen. These objects are classified as OBN or OBC stars. It has recently been shown that nitrogen enrichment and carbon depletion are the most likely explanations for the existence of the ON class. We investigate OC stars (all being supergiants) to check that surface abundances are responsible for the observed anomalous line strengths. We perform a spectroscopic analysis of three OC supergiants using atmosphere models. A fourth star was previously studied by us. Our sample thus comprises all OC stars known to date in the Galaxy. We determine the stellar parameters and He, C, N, and O surface abundances. We show that all stars have effective temperatures and surface gravities fully consistent with morphologically normal O supergiants. However, OC stars show little, if any, nitrogen enrichment and carbon surface abundances consistent with the initial composition. OC supergiants are thus barely chemically evolved, unlike morphologically normal O supergiants.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures. Accepted as 'Research Note' in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Studying Time-Series of Wet Leakage Resistances for Modules with Various Backsheet Types
Creators: name: Buerhop-Lutz, C.
name: Stroyuk, O.
name: Zöcklein, J.
name: Hauch, J.
name: Peters, I.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 646-649
description: During the last years PV-modules fail very often due to their backsheet material, and cause inverter issues. IV-curves and power measurements are not affected and therefore other methods are necessary to disclose the errors. We carried out time-series of wet leakage current measurements and imaging methods on field-aged PVmodules with various backsheets. The backsheet material was identified with field-suitable near infrared absorption spectroscopy. We found three main behaviours: 1) high leakage resistances (LR) and LR decrease for modules with double fluoropolymers, 2) medium LR and moderate LR decrease for modules with polyamide backsheets and 3) medium LR and strong LR drop for those with single-fluoropolymer backsheets, especially with thin fluorinated coatings (FC). We show that with water ingress into the backsheet and encapsulant the leakage current increases. Furthermore, UV-fluorescence is able to differentiate different backsheet materials, no differences were observed for electro- or photoluminescence. The fact that modules with FC backsheets increasingly show electrical insulation issues during operation makes the relevance for field operation clear.
Improving Type Error Messages in OCaml
Creators: name: Charguéraud, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.4

description: Cryptic type error messages are a major obstacle to learning OCaml or other ML-based languages. In many cases, error messages cannot be interpreted without a sufficiently-precise model of the type inference algorithm. The problem of improving type error messages in ML has received quite a bit of attention over the past two decades, and many different strategies have been considered. The challenge is not only to produce error messages that are both sufficiently concise and systematically useful to the programmer, but also to handle a full-blown programming language and to cope with large-sized programs efficiently. In this work, we present a modification to the traditional ML type inference algorithm implemented in OCaml that, by significantly reducing the left-to-right bias, allows us to report error messages that are more helpful to the programmer. Our algorithm remains fully predictable and continues to produce fairly concise error messages that always help making some progress towards fixing the code. We implemented our approach as a patch to the OCaml compiler in just a few hundred lines of code. We believe that this patch should benefit not just to beginners, but also to experienced programs developing large-scale OCaml programs.
description: In Proceedings ML/OCaml 2014, arXiv:1512.01438
USDA Report on Water and Related Land Resources, Powder Drainage Basin, Oregon
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Service, Forest
name: Soil Conservation Service
name: Economic Research Service
name: Service, Forest
name: Soil Conservation Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report: The Powder Drainage Basin is located in northeastern Oregon. It is bounded by the Grande Ronde River Basin on the north, by the John Day River Basin on the west, by the Malheur River Basin on the south, and by the Snake River on the east. The basin has a total area of 2,073,700 acres--about 3.4 percent of Oregon. It contains almost all of Baker County, about 1.3 percent of Union County, and minor portions of Wallowa and Malheur Counties. Two major stream systems and two minor streams comprise the drainage system; these are the Powder and Burnt Rivers and the Pine and Benson Creeks. For the purpose of this report, the Powder Drainage Basin has been divided into sixteen watersheds. These watersheds vary in size from 15,900 acres to 220,700 acres. The use of land in the basin is influenced by the ownership. Half of the land is federally owned, 2 percent is owned by state, county, and municipal governments, and 48 percent is privately owned. About 37 percent of the basin, mainly in the western and northern parts of the basin at higher elevations, is forested land. Almost half of the basin is rangeland with the central, southern, and eastern parts being predominantly rangeland. About 60 percent of the rangeland is privately owned, and 33 percent is in public domain which is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Less than 10 percent of the basin area is cropland in private ownership. This report presents information concerning the water and related land resources of the Powder Drainage Basin. Its purpose is (1) to provide information on the past and present uses of water and related land resources; (2) to supply the production data from the use of these resources; (3) to assess the magnitude of water-related problems such as erosion, flooding, and drainage; (4) to indicate the probable direction of future use of water and land for agriculture and forestry in comparison to competing uses; and (5) to outline a general program for water and land resource management as a background for future detailed study and planning.
description: This study is a result of a cooperative agreement between the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and it is conducted under the provisions of Section 6 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (Public Law 566, 83rd Congress, as amended).