cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
IoT Content Object Security with OSCORE and NDN: A First Experimental Comparison
Creators: name: Gündoğan, Cenk
name: Amsüss, Christian
name: Schmidt, Thomas C.
name: Wählisch, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) challenges the end-to-end transport of the Internet by low power lossy links and gateways that perform protocol translations. Protocols such as CoAP or MQTT-SN are degraded by the overhead of DTLS sessions, which in common deployment protect content transfer only up to the gateway. To preserve content security end-to-end via gateways and proxies, the IETF recently developed Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE), which extends CoAP with content object security features commonly known from Information Centric Networks (ICN). This paper presents a comparative analysis of protocol stacks that protect request-response transactions. We measure protocol performances of CoAP over DTLS, OSCORE, and the information-centric Named Data Networking (NDN) protocol on a large-scale IoT testbed in single- and multi-hop scenarios. Our findings indicate that (a) OSCORE improves on CoAP over DTLS in error-prone wireless regimes due to omitting the overhead of maintaining security sessions at endpoints, and (b) NDN attains superior robustness and reliability due to its intrinsic network caches and hop-wise retransmissions.
A random-walk model for dark matter halo spins
Creators: name: Benson, Andrew
name: Behrens, Christoph
name: Lu, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the random-walk model of Vitvitska et al. for predicting the spins of dark matter halos from their merger histories. Using updated merger rates, orbital parameter distributions, and N-body constraints we show that this model can accurately reproduce the distribution of spin parameters measured in N-body simulations when we include a weak correlation between the spins of halos and the angular momenta of infalling subhalos. We further show that this model is in approximate agreement with the correlation of the spin magnitude over time as determined from N-body simulations, while it slightly underpredicts the correlation in the direction of the spin vector measured from the same simulations. This model is useful for predicting spins from merger histories derived from non-N-body sources, thereby circumventing the need for very high resolution simulations to permit accurate measurements of spins. It may be particularly relevant to modeling systems which accumulate angular momentum from halos over time (such as galactic discs) - we show that this model makes small but significant changes in the distribution of galactic disc sizes computed using the Galacticus semi-analytic galaxy formation model.
description: 11 pages, MNRAS accepted, comments welcome
X-ray/optical observations of A0535+26/HDE 245770 in quiescence
Creators: name: Orlandini, M.
name: Bartolini, C.
name: Campana, S.
name: Del Sordo, S.
name: de Martino, D.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Guarnieri, A.
name: Israel, G.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Piccioni, A.
name: Santangelo, A.
name: Stella, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result of three BeppoSAX observations of the X-ray binary pulsar A0535+26 in its quiescent state. The source is quite well detected up to 200 keV (6 sigma detection in the stronger observation). No Iron line is detected in the MECS data (3 sigma upper limit on its equivalent width of 150 eV). There is evidence of a soft excess below 2 keV. Pulsation is detected in all energy bands up to 10 keV, with a pulsed fraction of ~ 0.5, not varying with energy. There is a marginal detection (4 sigma) of a cyclotron resonance feature (CRF) at 118 +/- 20 keV in the PDS spectrum. During the BeppoSAX observations HDE 245770, the optical counterpart to A0535+26, was monitored spectroscopically and photometrically. These observations show that the Halpha and Hbeta lines previously observed in absorption returned in emission, indicating that the Be disk formed again. The presence of pulsation and a CRF is a clear indication that accretion onto the polar caps is occurring, and that the propeller mechanism is leaking. The presence of a soft excess could be explained either in terms of thermal emission (kT ~ 1.2 keV) from the neutron star surface, as observed in other accreting X-ray pulsars, or in terms of an overabundance of Mg in the circumstellar matter.
description: 10 Pages, 8 figures. To appear in Proc. of the BeppoSAX Symposium: "The Restless High-Energy Universe", E.P.J. van den Heuvel, J.J.M. in 't Zand, and R.A.M.J. Wijers (Eds)
Cosmology with exponential potentials
Creators: name: Kehagias, A.
name: Kofinas, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine in the context of general relativity the dynamics of a spatially flat Robertson-Walker universe filled with a classical minimally coupled scalar field ϕof exponential potential ~ e^{-μϕ} plus pressureless baryonic matter. This system is reduced to a first-order ordinary differential equation, providing direct evidence on the acceleration/deceleration properties of the system. As a consequence, for positive potentials, passage into acceleration not at late times is generically a feature of the system, even when the late-times attractors are decelerating. Furthermore, the structure formation bound, together with the constraints on the present values of Ω_{m}, w_ϕ provide, independently of initial conditions and other parameters, necessary conditions on μ. Special solutions are found to possess intervals of acceleration. For the almost cosmological constant case w_ϕ ~ -1, as well as, for the generic late-times evolution, the general relation Ω_ϕ(w_ϕ) is obtained.
description: RevTex4, 9 pages, 2 figures, References added
Charge and Isospin Fluctuations in High Energy pp-Collisions
Creators: name: Martinis, Mladen
name: Mikuta-Martinis, Vesna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge and isospin event-by-event fluctuations in high-energy pp-collisions are predicted within the Unitary Eikonal Model, in particular the fluctuation patterns of the ratios of charged-to-charged and neutral-to-charged pions. These fluctuations are found to be sensitive to the presence of unstable resonances, such as $ρ$ and $ω$ mesons. We predict that the charge-fluctuation observable $D_{UEM}$ should be restricted to the interval $8/3\le D_{UEM}\le 4$ depending on the $ρ/π$ production ratio. Also, the isospin fluctuations of the DCC-type of the ratio of neutral-to-charged pions are suppressed if pions are produced together with $ρ$ mesons.
description: Latex, 5 pages, no figures. To appear in the proceedings of 9th Adriatic Meeting, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 4 - 14 September 2003. Added reference into reference no. 3
Reference Price Formation for Product Innovations – the Role of Consistent Price-Value-Relationships
Creators: name: Peschel, Anne Odile
name: Zielke, Stephan
name: Scholderer, Joachim
name: Peschel, Anne Odile
name: Zielke, Stephan
name: Scholderer, Joachim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Behavioural pricing
subject: internal reference price
subject: product innovation

description: When deciding between product alternatives, consumers have to compare the observed prices to their internal reference price to determine whether the offer is a good deal or not. For product innovations, for which no reference price has been established, it is unclear against which standard the observed price is compared. Despite extensive research on the use of reference prices, little attention has been devoted to the formation of an internal reference price for an unfamiliar product category. We suggest two mechanisms of how reference prices are constructed and find support for these in two experiments. Reference prices for an unfamiliar product category can either be formed through repeated exposure to incidental price information or through transfer of price information from a familiar, similar product category to an unfamiliar product category. Crucial is however that the product price-value relationship is consistent; a condition often not accounted for in product innovation testing.
Flavopunctelia borrerioides Kurok. 1999
Creators: name: Joshi, Yogesh
name: Chandra, Krishna
name: Tripathi, Manish
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Flavopunctelia
Flavopunctelia borrerioides

description: Flavopunctelia borrerioides Kurok.(1999: 26)
 Diagnostic characters: —The Indian specimens are sterile, but can be readily identified by their greenish-gray, pseudocyphellate and sorediate upper surface, laminal, orbicular soralia, and the presence of usnic and lecanoric acids.
 Distribution and Ecology: —Pantropical, recorded from Mexico, Peru (Kurokawa 1999), and China (Thell et al. 2005). In India it was previously thought to be restricted to the Western Himalaya (Divakar & Upreti 2005).
 Remarks: — Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirton) Hale (1984: 682), a similar species, differs in having marginal, linear soralia.
 Specimen examined:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Almora district, Syahi Devi forest, alt. ca. 1900 m, on Rhododendron tree, 04 October 2013, Y . Joshi et al. 199 (ALM).
description: Published as part of Joshi, Yogesh, Chandra, Krishna & Tripathi, Manish, 2014, A new species of Heterodermia (Ascomycota, Physciaceae) from India, along with a new record and range extension of lichenized fungi in India, pp. 49-52 in Phytotaxa 170 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5138937
Pattern formation inside bacteria: fluctuations due to low copy number of proteins
Creators: name: Howard, Martin
name: Rutenberg, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We examine fluctuation effects due to the low copy number of proteins involved in pattern-forming dynamics within a bacterium. We focus on a stochastic model of the oscillating MinCDE protein system regulating accurate cell division in E. coli. We find that, for some parameter regions, the protein concentrations are low enough that fluctuations are essential for the generation of patterns. We also examine the role of fluctuations in constraining protein concentration levels.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
The red meat industry and employment in South Africa. Evidence based on statutory levies
Creators: name: Phaleng, L.
name: Mazibuko, N.
name: Lubinga, M.
name: Phaleng, L.
name: Phaleng, L.
name: Mazibuko, N.
name: Lubinga, M.
name: Phaleng, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: We empirically evaluated the role of the red meat industry towards employment in South Africa�s agricultural sector. The paper used liner regression and delta method in the analysis. The results indicate that overall, a two-year extension of statutory levy regime in the red meat industry will positively influence employment (by 38%) in the economy. Although the focus was on the red meat industry, the increase in employment will occur along the various stages of the sheep and cattle value chains as well as in the other closely associated industries like the agro-processing and services industries.
Observation of coherent oscillation of a single nuclear spin and realization of a two-qubit conditional quantum gate
Creators: name: Jelezko, F.
name: Gaebel, T.
name: Popa, I.
name: Domhan, M.
name: Gruber, A.
name: Wrachtrup, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rabi nutations of a single nuclear spin in a solid have been observed. The experiments were carried out on a single electron and a single 13C nuclear spin of a single nitrogen vacancy defect center in diamond. The system was used for implementation of quantum logical NOT and a conditional two-qubit gate (CROT). Density matrix tomography of the CROT gate shows that the gate fidelity achieved in our experiments is up to 0.9, good enough to be used in quantum algorithms.
description: 4 figures, replaced with revised version
Genetic Programming Hyper-Heuristics with Vehicle Collaboration for Uncertain Capacitated Arc Routing Problems
Creators: name: MacLachlan, Jordan
name: Mei, Yi
name: Branke, Juergen
name: Zhang, Mengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to its direct relevance to post-disaster operations, meter reading and civil refuse collection, the Uncertain Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (UCARP) is an important optimisation problem. Stochastic models are critical to study as they more accurately represent the real-world than their deterministic counterparts. Although there have been extensive studies in solving routing problems under uncertainty, very few have considered UCARP, and none consider collaboration between vehicles to handle the negative effects of uncertainty. This paper proposes a novel Solution Construction Procedure (SCP) that generates solutions to UCARP within a collaborative, multi-vehicle framework. It consists of two types of collaborative activities: one when a vehicle unexpectedly expends capacity (\emph{route failure}), and the other during the refill process. Then, we propose a Genetic Programming Hyper-Heuristic (GPHH) algorithm to evolve the routing policy used within the collaborative framework. The experimental studies show that the new heuristic with vehicle collaboration and GP-evolved routing policy significantly outperforms the compared state-of-the-art algorithms on commonly studied test problems. This is shown to be especially true on instances with larger numbers of tasks and vehicles. This clearly shows the advantage of vehicle collaboration in handling the uncertain environment, and the effectiveness of the newly proposed algorithm.
Stokes vectors and Minkowski spacetime: Structural parallels
Creators: name: Stenflo, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Stokes formalism of polarization physics has astounding structural parallels with the formalism used for relativity theory in Minkowski spacetime. The structure and symmetry properties of the Mueller matrices are the same as those for the matrix representations of the electromagnetic tensor and the Lorentz transformation operator. The absorption terms $η_k$ in the Mueller matrix correspond to the electric field components $E_k$ in the electromagnetic tensor and the Lorentz boost terms $γ_k$ in the Lorentz transformation matrix, while the anomalous dispersion terms $ρ_k$ correspond to the magnetic field components $B_k$ and the spatial rotation angles $ϕ_k$. In a Minkowski-type space spanned by the Stokes $I,Q,U,V$ parameters, the Stokes vector for 100 % polarized light is a null vector living on the surface of null cones, like the energy-momentum vector of massless particles in ordinary Minkowski space. Stokes vectors for partially polarized light live inside the null cones like the momentum vectors for massive particles. In this description the depolarization of Stokes vectors appears as a "mass'' term, which has its origin in a symmetry breaking caused by the incoherent superposition of uncorrelated fields or wave packets, without the need to refer to a ubiquitous Higgs field as is done in particle physics. The rotational symmetry of Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices is that of spin-2 objects, in contrast to the spin-1 nature of the electromagnetic field. The reason for this difference is that the Stokes objects have substructure: they are formed from bilinear tensor products between spin-1 objects, the Jones vectors and Jones matrices. The governing physics takes place at the substructure level.
Ranunculus serbicus Visiani 1860
Creators: name: Clementi, Moreno
name: Kuzmanović, Nevena
name: Barina, Zoltan
name: Lakušić, Dmitar
name: Vukojičić, Snežana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus
Ranunculus serbicus

description: Ranunculus serbicus Visiani (1860: 170)
 Type:—[SERBIA]. Ad rivulus M. [Monte] Kopaonik, C. Kruševac, Aug [Augusto] 856 [1856], Pančić s.n. (lectotype designated here: BEOU 2361!).
 Note: — This name was published by Visiani for the first time in Visiani (1859: 2) without a description or diagnosis, thus being a nomen nudum. The first valid description was given later in Visiani (1860: 170) on the basis of Pančić’s material from Mountain Kopaonik. The name on the label was added later by Pančić himself, most likely after Visiani’s valid description was published. This name is still in use (e.g. Conti et al. 2005).
description: Published as part of Clementi, Moreno, Kuzmanović, Nevena, Barina, Zoltan, Lakušić, Dmitar & Vukojičić, Snežana, 2014, Typification of five names listed by Roberto de Visiani in Plantarum Serbicarum Pemptas, pp. 57-60 in Phytotaxa 170 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5138955
Estimación de zonas de Alteración Hidrotermal mediante el uso de imágenes Aster, aplicando los métodos SAM, SFF y MTMF, caso de Estudio Junín
Creators: name: Gonzales Edgard
name: Ramos Edwin
name: Chavez Billy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Alteración hidrotermal, SAM, MTMF, SFF

description: El presente artículo tiene como propósito determinar zonas de alteración hidrotermal mediante el análisis de la imagen satelital ASTER en la provincia de Jauli, Departamento de Junín, Perú. El reconocimiento de alteración hidrotermal se realizó con la aplicación y comparación de tres técnicas espectrales robustas; las cuales son, el mapeo espectral por el método SAM (Spectral Angle Mapper), MTMF (Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering), y SFF (Spectral Feature Fitting). Se determinaron 7 nuevos targets de exploración de los cuales seis corresponden a posibles sistemas epitermales de alta y baja sulfuración asociado a fallas, plegamientos y derrames lávicos; y uno relacionado a sistemas estratoligados. Se demostró, que estos métodos aplicados conjuntamente discretizan eficazmente zonas de ensambles mineralógicos y constituyen una herramienta útil para localizar en primera instancia extensiones anómalas de alteraciones hidrotermales asociados a mineralizaciones económicamente rentables.
Attention Guided Metal Artifact Correction in MRI using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Kim, Jee Won
name: Kwon, Kinam
name: Kim, Byungjai
name: Park, HyunWook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An attention guided scheme for metal artifact correction in MRI using deep neural network is proposed in this paper. The inputs of the networks are two distorted images obtained with dual-polarity readout gradients. With MR image generation module and the additional data consistency loss to the previous work [1], the network is trained to estimate the frequency-shift map, off-resonance map, and attention map. The attention map helps to produce better distortion-corrected images by weighting on more relevant distortion-corrected images where two distortion-corrected images are produced with half of the frequency-shift maps. In this paper, we observed that in a real MRI environment, two distorted images obtained with opposite polarities of readout gradient showed artifacts in a different region. Therefore, we proved that using the attention map was important in that it reduced the residual ripple and pile-up artifacts near metallic implants.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Electronic structure of rectangular quantum dots
Creators: name: Räsänen, E.
name: Saarikoski, H.
name: Stavrou, V. N.
name: Harju, A.
name: Puska, M. J.
name: Nieminen, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ground state properties of rectangular quantum dots by using the spin-density-functional theory and quantum Monte Carlo methods. The dot geometry is determined by an infinite hard-wall potential to enable comparison to manufactured, rectangular-shaped quantum dots. We show that the electronic structure is very sensitive to the deformation, and at realistic sizes the non-interacting picture determines the general behavior. However, close to the degenerate points where Hund's rule applies, we find spin-density-wave-like solutions bracketing the partially polarized states. In the quasi-one-dimensional limit we find permanent charge-density waves, and at a sufficiently large deformation or low density, there are strongly localized stable states with a broken spin-symmetry.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PRB
Analytical probabilistic modeling of dose-volume histograms
Creators: name: Wahl, Niklas
name: Hennig, Philipp
name: Wieser, Hans-Peter
name: Bangert, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiotherapy is sensitive to executional and preparational uncertainties that propagate to uncertainty in dose and plan quality indicators like dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Current approaches to quantify and mitigate such uncertainties rely on explicitly computed error scenarios and are thus subject to statistical uncertainty and limitations regarding the underlying uncertainty model. Here we present an alternative, analytical method to approximate moments of the probability distribution of DVH-points and evaluate its accuracy on patient data. We use analytical probabilistic modeling (APM) to derive those moments for individual DVH-points based on the probability distribution over dose. Further we use the computed moments to parameterize distinct probability distributions over DVH-points (here normal or beta distributions) to compute percentiles/$α$-DVHs. The model is then evaluated on three patient cases in 30- and single-fraction scenarios by assuming the dose to follow a multivariate normal distribution obtained from APM. The results are compared to a sampling benchmark. The evaluation of the new probabilistic model against the sampling benchmark proves its correctness under perfect assumptions as well as good agreement in realistic conditions. Ca. 90% of all computed expected DVH-points and their standard deviations agree within 1% volume with their empirical counterpart from sampling, for both fractionated and single fraction treatments. $α$-DVHs achieve better agreement with empirical percentiles when assuming a beta instead of a normal distribution: While in both cases probabilities show large local deviations (up to $\pm$0.2), the respective $α$-DVH only showed small deviations (up to $\pm$5% volume for a normal, and up to 2% for a beta distribution). A previously published model by different authors yielded substantially deviating $α$-DVHs.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
Forecasting Returns to Storage: The Role of Factors other than the Basis Strategy
Creators: name: Kim, Sanghyo
name: Zulauf, Carl
name: Roberts, Matthew
name: Kim, Sanghyo
name: Zulauf, Carl
name: Roberts, Matthew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Given the interest in the ability to forecast returns to storage and the incon- clusiveness of the performance of the basis strategy, especially for unhedged storage; this study examines whether other variables enhance the forecast of storage returns. Speci cally, the rate of harvest progress and the ratio of a demand for storage space relative to the supply of storage space are examined. The later variable has not been investigated by previous studies of the basis strategy. Using data for Illinois corn and soybeans over the 1988 through 2012 crop years and a xed e ect seemingly unrelated regression estimation, both variables are found to be signi cant in explaining observed returns to unhedged storage but not to hedged storage. Given the regression results, storage strate- gies based on harvest progress and ratio of demand to supply for storage space are constructed. These strategies do not improve the basis strategy's return and risk for hedged storage. In contrast, these strategies improve the return and risk performance of unhedged storage relative to routine unhedged stor- age. Moreover, net return for the alternative strategies for unhedged storage is higher than net return for the basis strategy for hedged storage but the latter has a lower risk than the former. This nding is the classic return-risk tradeo unhedged, especially by farmers.
Perfect Sampling Using Bounding Chains
Creators: name: Huber, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J22, 60J27, 65C05 (Primary) 65C40, 82B80 (Secondary)

description: Bounding chains are a technique that offers three benefits to Markov chain practitioners: a theoretical bound on the mixing time of the chain under restricted conditions, experimental bounds on the mixing time of the chain that are provably accurate and construction of perfect sampling algorithms when used in conjunction with protocols such as coupling from the past. Perfect sampling algorithms generate variates exactly from the target distribution without the need to know the mixing time of a Markov chain at all. We present here the basic theory and use of bounding chains for several chains from the literature, analyzing the running time when possible. We present bounding chains for the transposition chain on permutations, the hard core gas model, proper colorings of a graph, the antiferromagnetic Potts model and sink free orientations of a graph.
Forecasting Urea Prices
Creators: name: Kim, Seon-Woong
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Kim, Seon-Woong
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Over the past decade the price of urea has been quite volatile, especially after 2008. The high price volatility and the relatively slow transportation in the urea fertilizer industry make production planning and inventory management difficult. In this study, we construct a urea price forecasting model and compare its performance with Fertilizer Week, a commercial forecast. To construct forecast models, autoregressive (AR), seasonal autoregressive (SAR), and autoregressive-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARGARCH) models with/without exogenous variables such as Henry Hub natural gas, Brent oil, and U.S. corn prices are used with various rolling windows. Autoregressive model with exogenous variable (ARX) using the window size of 48 months outperforms our other models. There is no statistical difference between ARX with the window size of 48 month and Fertilizer Week even though Fertilizer Week is better based on forecasting accuracy measures. The combination model using the two models is statistically better than Fertilizer Week alone.
Pricing Corn Calendar Spread Options
Creators: name: Seok, Juheon
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Seok, Juheon
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Previous studies provide pricing models of options on futures spreads. However, none fully reflect the economic reality that spreads can stay near full carry for long periods of time. A new option pricing model is derived that assumes convenience yield follows arithmetic Brownian motion that is truncated at zero. The new models as well as alternative models are tested by testing the truth of their distributional assumptions for calendar spreads and convenience yield with Chicago Board of Trade corn calendar spreads. Panel unit root tests fail to reject the null hypothesis of a unit root and thus support our assumption of arithmetic Brownian motion as opposed to a mean-reverting process as is assumed in much past research. The assumption that convenience yield follows a normal distribution truncated at zero is only approximate as the volatility of convenience yield never goes to zero. Estimated convenience yields can be negative, which is presumably due to measurement error. Option payoffs are estimated with the four different models and the relative performance of models is determined using bias and root mean squared error (RMSE). The new model outperforms three other models and that the other models overestimate actual payoffs. There is no significant difference in error variance for Hinz and Fehr, Poitras, and the new model, and the error variance of the new model is smaller than that of Gibson and Schwartz.
Centaurea chrysolepis Visiani 1860
Creators: name: Clementi, Moreno
name: Kuzmanović, Nevena
name: Barina, Zoltan
name: Lakušić, Dmitar
name: Vukojičić, Snežana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Centaurea
Centaurea chrysolepis

description: Centaurea chrysolepis Visiani (1860: 172)
 Type:— SERBIA. Rupestrib. [rupestribus] calcareis M. [Monte] Oul [Ulj kamen] Serb. mer. [Serbia meridionalis]. Jul [Julio], Pančić s.n. (lectotype designated here: PAD-H0024689!).
 Additional specimens examined:— SERBIA. M. [Monte] Oul [Ulj kamen], s.d., s.n. (BEOU 10693!, in Pančić’s handwriting).
 Note: — The specimen selected as lectotype corresponds to the protologue and was obviously used to prepare the illustration in it. This plant was already recognised and published as new by Pančić, who described it as C. orientalis Linnaeus (1753: 918) var. armata Pančić (1856: 556). Visiani raised it to specific level under the name C. chrysolepis, following Pančić’s remark on the label (“quasi atrorubens chrysocephala”). This name is still in general use (Euro+Med 2013).
description: Published as part of Clementi, Moreno, Kuzmanović, Nevena, Barina, Zoltan, Lakušić, Dmitar & Vukojičić, Snežana, 2014, Typification of five names listed by Roberto de Visiani in Plantarum Serbicarum Pemptas, pp. 57-60 in Phytotaxa 170 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5138955
Discovery of a faint R-band drop-out: a strongly reddened lensed star forming galaxy at z=1.68
Creators: name: Richard, J.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Pello, R.
name: Leborgne, J. -F.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an unusual emission line galaxy at redshift z=1.68 found from near-IR imaging and spectroscopic observations with ISAAC/VLT of a faint gravitationally lensed R-band drop-out behind the lensing cluster Abell 1835. From the emission lines of [O_III], and H_beta this galaxy shows a moderate to high excitation and line equivalent widths typical of relatively metal-poor HII galaxies. Its apparent J magnitude translates to an absolute B-band magnitude M_B ~ -16.4 once corrected for a gravitational magnification of 1.8 magnitudes. This makes it one of the faintest intermediate redshift galaxiesknown so far. From the presence of emission lines and the available VRIJHK photometry we determine constraints on its dominant stellar population. The only viable fit found is for a fairly young (~ 6-9 Myr) burst suffering from a considerable extinction (A_v ~ 1.2-1.8 mag). We find that this object resembles strongly HII galaxies and intermediate redshift compact emission line galaxies, albeit suffering from a larger extinction than usual. We also discuss the possible contamination introduced by such R-band drop-out galaxies in searches for z > 5 galaxies.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A letters
Ferdinand-Ignace Maloteau de Villerode
Creators: name: Plouvain, Pierre-Antoine-Samuel-Joseph (1754-1832)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017
Subjects: Officier de justice d'Ancien Régime

description: Source: http://www.sudoc.fr/080675700
description: Coverage: Parlement de Flandre
Decay modes of ideally mixed narrow pentaquark states
Creators: name: Lee, Su Houng
name: Kim, Hungchong
name: Oh, Yongseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the decay modes of pentaquark baryons for both the antidecuplet and the octet states, which were recently claimed by Close and Dudek to be potentially narrow due to a hidden selection rule. We discuss how ideal mixing between the pentaquark octet and antidecuplet states can be related to the OZI rule, which also naturally leads to certain selection rules in the pentaquark decays. We then introduce a tensor representation for the pentaquark states, and present the possible decay modes for both the unmixed and ideally mixed pentaquark octet and antidecuplet states. The exclusive decay modes can be used to experimentally search for the other pentaquark states.
description: REVTex, 6 pages
FARM RETURNS: They Measure Up to Returns To Other Investments
Creators: name: Monke, James D.
name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Pederson, Glenn D.
name: Monke, James D.
name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Pederson, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Join most any group of farmers at the local cafes for morning coffee and you 'll hear complaints that, "Farm prices are too low, and farm inputs cost too much." "Farmer returns just don't measure up to returns associated with other investments like stocks and bonds," they will often argue. But this just isn't the case. The record shows (when both good times and bad times are considered) that returns from current income and capital gains for farm investment match or exceed that on many nonfarm investments. And the riskiness or fluctuation in returns in farming is actually less than it is for many nonfarm investments.
On renormalons of static QCD potential at $u=1/2$ and $3/2$
Creators: name: Sumino, Yukinari
name: Takaura, Hiromasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $u=1/2$ [$\mathcal{O}(Λ_{\rm QCD})$] and $u=3/2$ [$\mathcal{O}(Λ_{\rm QCD}^3)$] renormalons in the static QCD potential in position space and momentum space using the OPE of the potential-NRQCD effective field theory. This is an old problem and we provide a formal formulation to analyze it. In particular we present detailed examinations of the $u=3/2$ renormalons. We clarify how the $u=3/2$ renormalon is suppressed in the momentum-space potential in relation with the Wilson coefficient $V_A(r)$. We also point out that it is not straightforward to subtract the IR renormalon and IR divergences simultaneously in the multipole expansion. Numerical analyses are given, which clarify the current status of our knowledge on the perturbative series. The analysis gives a positive reasoning to the method for subtracting renormalons used in recent $α_s(M_Z)$ determination from the QCD potential.
description: Version appeared in JHEP but with modifications to the paragraph containing Eq. (44)
Lattice dynamics and electron-phonon coupling in transition metal diborides
Creators: name: Heid, R.
name: Renker, B.
name: Schober, H.
name: Adelmann, P.
name: Ernst, D.
name: Bohnen, K. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phonon density-of-states of transition metal diborides TMB2 with TM = Ti, V, Ta, Nb and Y has been measured using the technique of inelastic neutron scattering. The experimental data are compared with ab initio density functional calculations whereby an excellent agreement is registered. The calculations thus can be used to obtain electron-phonon spectral functions within the isotropic limit. A comparison to similar data for MgB2 and AlB2 which were subject of prior publications as well as parameters important for the superconducting properties are part of the discussion.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 5 of Integrated metabolomics, network pharmacology and biological verification to reveal the mechanisms of Nauclea officinalis treatment of LPS-induced acute lung injury
Creators: name: Xu, Han
name: Xu, Sicong
name: Li, Liyan
name: Wu, Yuhuang
name: Mai, Shiying
name: Xie, Yiqiang
name: Tan, Yinfeng
name: Li, Ailing
name: Xue, Fengming
name: He, Xiaoning
name: Li, Yonghui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S7. The core genes for the integrated analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology.
Spatial Applications of Topological Data Analysis: Cities, Snowflakes, Random Structures, and Spiders Spinning Under the Influence
Creators: name: Feng, Michelle
name: Porter, Mason A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Spatial networks are ubiquitous in social, geographical, physical, and biological applications. To understand the large-scale structure of networks, it is important to develop methods that allow one to directly probe the effects of space on structure and dynamics. Historically, algebraic topology has provided one framework for rigorously and quantitatively describing the global structure of a space, and recent advances in topological data analysis (TDA) have given scholars a new lens for analyzing network data. In this paper, we study a variety of spatial networks -- including both synthetic and natural ones -- using novel topological methods that we recently developed for analyzing spatial networks. We demonstrate that our methods are able to capture meaningful quantities, with specifics that depend on context, in spatial networks and thereby provide useful insights into the structure of those networks, including a novel approach for characterizing them based on their topological structures. We illustrate these ideas with examples of synthetic networks and dynamics on them, street networks in cities, snowflakes, and webs spun by spiders under the influence of various psychotropic substances.
description: revised version
Acer macropterum Visiani 1860
Creators: name: Clementi, Moreno
name: Kuzmanović, Nevena
name: Barina, Zoltan
name: Lakušić, Dmitar
name: Vukojičić, Snežana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
Acer
Acer macropterum

description: Acer macropterum Visiani (1860: 175)
 Type:— SERBIA. M. [Monte] Jastrebac S. mer. [Serbia meridionalis], Aug [August] 1856, Pančić s.n. (lectotype designated here: BEOU 3798!).
 Additional specimens examined:— SERBIA. Jastrebac, J. Pančić, Aug [Augusto] - 1856 (BEOU 3798!).
 Note: — This specimen fits with the protologue and was collected before its publication, being therefore suitable for typification. The new label was written by Pančić after Visiani formally described the new species. This taxon is now generally included in Acer heldreichii Orph. ex Boissier (1856: 71), sometimes as A. heldreichii subsp. visianii Malý (1908: 219), e.g. in Tutin (1968) or A. heldreichii var. macropterum (Vis.) Pax (1886: 194), e.g. in Perović (2007). When he created the subspecies, Malý intended to base his name on Acer visianii Nyman (1878: 135), but that is an illegitimate replacement for Visiani’s name, that Nyman created as he attributed priority to “ A. macropterum Gussone ”, which apparently was never published. Therefore, according to Art. 7.5, 7.7 and 7.3 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), the type of A. macropterum that we have selected is also the type of A. heldreichii subsp. visianii and A. heldreichii var. macropterum, two names now in use. A fossil species from England was given the name Acer macropterum Heer (1869: 37). It was renamed Acer grahamensis Knowlton & Cockerell in Knowlton (1919: 50) to correct the homonymy. A new species from Tibet was described under the name Acer macropterum T.Z.Hsu & H.Sun in Xu et al. (1997: 29). It is now generally considered a synonym of Acer laurinum Hasskarl (1843: 138), see for instance Wu et al. (2008), therefore we do not propose any replacement name here.
description: Published as part of Clementi, Moreno, Kuzmanović, Nevena, Barina, Zoltan, Lakušić, Dmitar & Vukojičić, Snežana, 2014, Typification of five names listed by Roberto de Visiani in Plantarum Serbicarum Pemptas, pp. 57-60 in Phytotaxa 170 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5138955
Neutrino emission in neutron matter from magnetic moment interactions
Creators: name: Jaikumar, Prashanth
name: Balaji, K. R. S.
name: Gale, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino emission drives neutron star cooling for the first several hundreds of years after its birth. Given the low energy ($\sim$ keV) nature of this process, one expects very few nonstandard particle physics contributions which could affect this rate. Requiring that any new physics contributions involve light degrees of freedom, one of the likely candidates which can affect the cooling process would be a nonzero magnetic moment for the neutrino. To illustrate, we compute the emission rate for neutrino pair bremsstrahlung in neutron-neutron scattering through photon-neutrino magnetic moment coupling. We also present analogous differential rates for neutrino scattering off nucleons and electrons that determine neutrino opacities in supernovae. Employing current upper bounds from collider experiments on the tau magnetic moment, we find that the neutrino emission rate can exceed the rate through neutral current electroweak interaction by a factor two, signalling the importance of new particle physics input to a standard calculation of relevance to neutron star cooling. However, astrophysical bounds on the neutrino magnetic moment imply smaller effects.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1 of Efficient 1,3-dihydroxyacetone biosynthesis in Gluconobacter oxydans using metabolic engineering and a fed-batch strategy
Creators: name: Zeng, Weizhu
name: Shan, Xiaoyu
name: Liu, Li
name: Zhou, Jingwen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study. Table S2. Characteristic of 16 knocked out dehydrogenases.
EDGES signal in presence of magnetic fields
Creators: name: Natwariya, Pravin Kumar
name: Bhatt, Jitesh R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the 21-cm differential brightness temperature in the presence of primordial helical magnetic fields for redshift $z=10-30$. We argue that the $α$-effect that sets in at earlier time can be helpful in lowering the gas temperature to 3.2 degrees Kelvin at $z=17$. This effect can arise in the early Universe due to some parity violating high energy processes. Using the EDGES (Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature) results, we find the upper and lower limits on the primordial magnetic field to be $6\times 10^{-3}~{\rm nG} $ & $5\times 10^{-4}~{\rm nG}$ respectively. We also discuss the effect of Ly$α$ background on the bounds. Our results do not require any new physics in terms of dark matter.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters, 5 pages, 4 figures
Are coronae of late type stars made of solar-like structures? The Fx-HR diagram and the pressure-temperature correlation
Creators: name: Peres, G.
name: Orlando, S.
name: Reale, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that stellar coronae can be composed of X-ray emitting structures like those in the solar corona, using a large set of ROSAT/PSPC observations of late-type-stars, and a large set of solar X-ray data collected with Yohkoh/SXT. We have considered data on the solar corona at various phases of the cycle and various kinds of X-ray coronal structures, from flares to the background corona. The surface flux (F_x) vs. spectral hardness ratio (HR) diagram is a fundamental tool for our study. We find that $F_X$ is strongly correlated to HR in stellar coronae, in the solar corona at all phases of the cycle, and in the individual solar coronal structures; all follow the same law. We therefore claim that coronae of late type stars are formed with X-ray structures very similar to the solar ones. In this scenario, the fraction of the stellar surface covered with active regions and with their bright cores increases with activity; the most active stars are brighter and hotter than if they were entirely covered with active regions so they can be explained only with the additional presence of several flares (or flare-like structures) at any time. Using the F_x vs. HR correlation (F_X ~ T^6) we derive new laws relating the temperature, pressure, volumetric heating and characteristic loop length of the coronal plasma, on all the late type stars Individual solar coronal structures and the whole solar corona, follow the same laws. We claim that the strong correlation between surface flux and temperature and the laws mentioned above are just the effect of more fundamental physical mechanisms driving the coronal structures of all the late-type stars from the emergence of new magnetic structures to their dissipation.
description: in press on Ap.J. Main Journal