cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Fractional-Order Control
Creators: name: Alarfaj, Yousaf
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fractional order
control
generalised predictive control

description: This thesis concerns fractional-order (non-integer) methods for control system design. Although fractional-order calculus has a long history in mathematics and engineering, the uptake of relevant fractional-order concepts in control systems research has been relatively slow, and interest in the topic remains comparatively low—albeit with some important exceptions, as highlighted by the literature review of this thesis. The first part of the thesis considers fractional-order methods for modelling and control in quite broad terms, before later focusing on one particular approach from the control systems literature, namely Fractional-order Generalised Predictive Control (FGPC). The FGPC approach is of particular interest here because of its relationship with the well-known, conventional control algorithm, namely Generalised Predictive Control (GPC). Both algorithms have a relatively straightforward implementation form, making them attractive to practitioners. Hence, one contribution of the thesis is to use worked examples in MATLAB as an introduction to GPC and FGPC design methods, in part for tutorial reasons. More significantly, the thesis demonstrates how fractional-order methods are utilised to increase control design flexibility. In this regard, the thesis investigates both conventional GPC and FGPC methods using various simulation examples. The robustness of control systems is investigated via Monte Carlo simulation, with consideration of model mismatch and unmeasured disturbances. These results Abstract II are utilised to develop recommendations for how to optimise the extra design coefficients introduced in the fractional-order case. The comparative study is extended to a laboratory example, namely the control of airflow in a 1 m by 2 m by 2 m forced ventilation environmental test chamber. To facilitate further uptake of FGPC methods in the future, the algorithms developed are prepared as a MATLAB toolbox, i.e. a collection of functions that calculate and implement the FGPC approach and subsequently measure the performance of the controller.
Scalar field propagation in the phi^4 kappa-Minkowski model
Creators: name: Meljanac, S.
name: Samsarov, A.
name: Trampetic, J.
name: Wohlgenannt, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we use the noncommutative (NC) kappa-Minkowski phi^4 model based on the kappa-deformed star product, ({*}_h). The action is modified by expanding up to linear order in the kappa-deformation parameter a, producing an effective model on commutative spacetime. For the computation of the tadpole diagram contributions to the scalar field propagation/self-energy, we anticipate that statistics on the kappa-Minkowski is specifically kappa-deformed. Thus our prescription in fact represents hybrid approach between standard quantum field theory (QFT) and NCQFT on the kappa-deformed Minkowski spacetime, resulting in a kappa-effective model. The propagation is analyzed in the framework of the two-point Green's function for low, intermediate, and for the Planckian propagation energies, respectively. Semiclassical/hybrid behavior of the first order quantum correction do show up due to the kappa-deformed momentum conservation law. For low energies, the dependence of the tadpole contribution on the deformation parameter a drops out completely, while for Planckian energies, it tends to a fixed finite value. The mass term of the scalar field is shifted and these shifts are very different at different propagation energies. At the Planckian energies we obtain the direction dependent kappa-modified dispersion relations. Thus our kappa-effective model for the massive scalar field shows a birefringence effect.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures; To be published in JHEP. Minor typos corrected. Shorter version of the paper arXiv:1107.2369
Network affiliation and supplier performance in the Japanese automotive industry
Creators: name: Ahmadjian, Christina L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper examines the performance of 126 Japanese auto parts suppliers and four automakers between 1980 and 1993. Contrary to the dual economy perspective, auto parts suppliers perform on average no worse than automakers. Contrary to resource dependence theory, suppliers that supply a large proportion of their output to a single customer do no worse than more independent suppliers. Instead, customers buffer their closest suppliers against exogenous shocks and redistribute profits between high and low-performing suppliers. Redistribution makes economic sense, as it encourages suppliers to make customer-specific investments. At the same time, it is embedded in the cultural context, social relations, and institutional environment of Japan.
The Fed's response to the financial crisis: Pages from the BOJ playbook, or a whole new ball game?
Creators: name: Kutter, Kenneth N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: Like the Bank of Japan (BOJ) a decade ago, the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) has recently taken a number of unprecedented steps to stabilize its foundering financial system. This paper describes the Fed's and the BOJ's responses to their countries' crises, highlighting the similarities and differences between the two banks' policies. Both banks acted as lenders of last resort, providing the short-term funding necessary to prevent full-blown liquidity crises. Circumstances compelled the Fed to act much more quickly than the BOJ, however. And, in its direct involvement in the provision of credit to the private sector and its assumption of banks' credit risk, the Fed has intervened in the financial markets more extensively than the BOJ. Disparities in the speed and scope of the two countries' crises help explain the Fed's relatively more aggressive response. The more heavily securitized financial structure in the U.S. and the Fed's relaxed stance on credit risk also may account for the Fed's more interventionist policies.
The Role of Climate Perceptions, Expectations, and Forecasts in Farmer Decision Making: The Argentine Pampas and South Florida: Final Report of an IRI Seed Grant Project
Creators: name: Hansen, James W.
name: Marx, Sabine M.
name: Weber, Elke U.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Science--Social aspects
Agriculture

description: This project sought to extend previous research efforts with both a “front end” – mental models that influence climatic expectations and forecast applications – and a “back end” – the decision processes in response to climate expectations derived from farmers’ mental models and externally-provided information. Research in this report was motivated by three lines of social science inquiry: (a) the importance of subjective perception of risk, (b) differences in the impact of small-probability events when information about them is learned by personal experience over time as opposed to being provided as a statistical summary, and (c) the role of both material and nonmaterial (including cognitive and affective) goals and processes in risky decision making. This study provided multiple insights into determinants of use of climate information related to perception and communication, and some evidence that improved presentation may overcome some of the barriers and enhance utility. We see several avenues for extending results and addressing limitations of the project’s scope and study design.
Dynamics of random boolean networks
Creators: name: Berdahl, Andrew Macdonald
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 109-116
description: Some pages are in colour
description: Random Boolean networks are conceptual models for systems of interacting elements. The dynamics of these models can be represented by a directed state space network by linking each dynamical state, represented as a node, to its temporal successor. Like all finite discrete deterministic systems the dynamics must eventually settle into a periodic attractor cycle. In this thesis we clarify how different weighting schemes and sampling methods affect the estimates for attractor length distributions in random Boolean networks. We find that the unbiased distribution of attractor lengths decays as a power-law for all K > l, thus power-law behaviour in this distribution is not an indicator of criticality. However, we observe a power-law in the distribution of the sizes of "avalanches" in critical random Boolean networks only. Finally, we find that dynamical criticality manifests itself as multi-scale heterogeneity in the state space networks.
Study on the interactive approach between insurance and capital markets for catastrophe risks
Creators: name: Goto, Shigeyuki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Following the shortage of capacity in the reinsurance market after the disaster of Hurricane Andrew, the interactive approach between insurance and capital markets was started. This means the indication of liquidity of catastrophe exposure and possibility of arbitrage between both markets. In order to accelerate this movement we need to establish a common, standard practical base between both markets. However there are differences in pricing mechanisms and risk management techniques between both markets. Therefore this new development seems to take a complementary role, not a substitutional one.
title: Similitude of ice dynamics against scaling of geometry and physical parameters
Creators: name: Feldmann, Johannes
name: Levermann, Anders
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The concept of similitude is commonly employed in the fields of fluid dynamics and engineering but rarely used in cryospheric research. Here we apply this method to the problem of ice flow to examine the dynamic similitude of isothermal ice sheets in shallow-shelf approximation against the scaling of their geometry and physical parameters. Carrying out a dimensional analysis of the stress balance we obtain dimensionless numbers that characterize the flow. Requiring that these numbers remain the same under scaling we obtain conditions that relate the geometric scaling factors, the parameters for the ice softness, surface mass balance and basal friction as well as the ice-sheet intrinsic response time to each other. We demonstrate that these scaling laws are the same for both the (two-dimensional) flow-line case and the three-dimensional case. The theoretically predicted ice-sheet scaling behavior agrees with results from numerical simulations that we conduct in flow-line and three-dimensional conceptual setups. We further investigate analytically the implications of geometric scaling of ice sheets for their response time. With this study we provide a framework which, under several assumptions, allows for a fundamental comparison of the ice-dynamic behavior across different scales. It proves to be useful in the design of conceptual numerical model setups and could also be helpful for designing laboratory glacier experiments. The concept might also be applied to real-world systems, e.g., to examine the response times of glaciers, ice streams or ice sheets to climatic perturbations.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 564
Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over supplementary motor area in individuals with Parkinson disease
Creators: name: Randhawa, Bubblepreet Kaur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Introduction: Parkinson Disease (PD) is a characterized by bradykinesia along with altered oscillations in the basal ganglia (BG) and cortex resulting from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In addition, PD is linked to decreased activation of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) attributed to altered cortico-basal ganglia pathways resulting in poverty of movement. Purpose: The main goal of the study was to determine whether 5 Hz rTMS over SMA improved motor control - indexed by a serial targeting task (STT) and a handwriting task in individuals with PD. Secondary aims were to 1) record change in cortical oscillations using electroencephalogram (EEG) during STT performance, and 2) to consider the role of the SMA in motor imagery in individuals with PD as indexed by a break test. Methods: In a cross-over design, individuals with PD were randomized to receive either 5 Hz or control rTMS over the SMA. Three experimental tasks were administered prior to and immediately after the rTMS intervention with right hand; the STT, a handwriting task, and a break test. EEG was collected during STT and cortical excitability was indexed by assessing resting motor threshold (RMT). Results: Participants showed an improved motor performance in STT post 5 Hz rTMS. There was concurrent reduction in θ and α oscillations during the reaction time phase of the task in frontocentral and central EEG channels along with lowered RMT in M1 post 5 Hz rTMS. In the handwriting task, participants showed improvement in stroke size, axial pressure after 5 Hz rTMS. Both groups’ (5 Hz and control) performance on the break test was similar. Conclusion: The findings of this thesis suggest that 5 Hz rTMS is beneficial at least in the short-term for individuals with PD. 5 Hz rTMS improved motor performance, shifted cortical oscillations and cortical excitability. However, these effects were noted for only a single session. The results of this thesis may contribute to future research related to development of rTMS as a therapeutic option for individuals with PD.
Embeddings and time evolution of the Schwarzschild wormhole
Creators: name: Collas, Peter
name: Klein, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to embed spacelike slices of the Schwarzschild wormhole (or Einstein-Rosen bridge) in R3. Graphical images of embeddings are given, including depictions of the dynamics of this nontraversable wormhole at constant Kruskal times up to, and beyond, the "pinching off" at Kruskal times \pm1.
description: Amplified exposition and added some references
Education Needs Assessment for Kaduna City, Nigeria
Creators: name: Thomas, Matthew A. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Managerial economics
Education and state
School management and organization
Africans
Women's studies

description: This educational needs assessment is part of series of working documents aiming to support the creation and implementation of urban development strategies in nine Millennium Cities in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explores the educational situation in Kaduna, Nigeria, and examines recent successes and the ensuing challenges in the education sector. The main objective of this assessment is to evaluate Kaduna's path to achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) #2 and #3 – achieving universal primary education and achieving gender parity at all levels of education by 2015.
Statistical characterisation of bio-aerosol background in an urban environment
Creators: name: Jamriska, Milan
name: DuBois, Timothy C.
name: Skvortsov, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we statistically characterise the bio-aerosol background in an urban environment. To do this we measure concentration levels of naturally occurring microbiological material in the atmosphere over a two month period. Naturally occurring bioaerosols can be considered as noise, as they mask the presence of signals coming from biological material of interest (such as an intentionally released biological agent). Analysis of this 'biobackground' was undertaken in the 1-10 um size range and a 3-9% contribution was found to be biological in origin - values which are in good agreement with other studies reported in the literature. A model based on the physics of turbulent mixing and dispersion was developed and validated against this analysis. The Gamma distribution (the basis of our model) is shown to comply with the scaling laws of the concentration moments of our data, which enables us to universally characterise both biological and non-biological material in the atmosphere. An application of this model is proposed to build a framework for the development of novel algorithms for bio-aerosol detection and rapid characterisation.
description: 14 Pages, 8 Figures
Marker-free identification of turned, ground and deep rolled workpieces using wavelet transformation
Creators: name: Breidenstein, Bernd
name: Wichmann, Marcel
name: Voelker, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Identification
subject: Surface analysis
subject: Wavelet transformation
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: This paper presents a marker-free component identification of cylindrical workpieces produced by the manufacturing processes turning, grinding and deep rolling. The position of unique features from a 2-D profile in the 3-D frequency is detected for identification. Therefore, this work presents an approach using an industrial camera for surface measuring to clearly identify individual cylindrical components. In addition, wear tests are carried out to investigate the method's robustness. The results after the wear tests indicate a false positive rate of 10-20
Multilayer modeling of porous grain surface chemistry I. The GRAINOBLE model
Creators: name: Taquet, Vianney
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Kahane, Claudine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mantles of iced water, mixed with CO, H2CO, and CH3OH are formed during the so called prestellar core phase. In addition, radicals are also thought to be formed on the grain surfaces, and to react to form complex organic molecules later on, during the warm-up phase of the protostellar evolution. We aim to study the formation of the grain mantles during the prestellar core phase and the abundance of H2CO, CH3OH, and radicals trapped in them. We have developed a macrosopic statistic multilayer model that follows the formation of grain mantles with time and that includes two effects that may increase the number of radicals trapped in the mantles: i) at each time of the mantle formation, only the surface layer is chemically active rather than the entire bulk, and ii) the porous structure of grains allows to trap reactive particles. The model considers a network of H, O and CO forming neutral species such as water, CO, formaldehyde, and methanol, plus several radicals. We run a large grid of models to study the impact of the mantle multilayer nature and grain porous structure. In addition, we explored the influence of the uncertainty of other key parameters on the mantle composition. Our model predicts relatively large abundances of radicals. In addition, the multilayer approach makes it possible to follow the chemical differentiation within the grain mantle, showing that the mantles are far from being uniform. For example, methanol is mostly present in the outer layers of the mantles whereas CO and other reactive species are trapped in the inner layers. The overall mantle composition depends on the density and age of the prestellar core, and on some microscopic parameters. Comparison with observations allows us to constrain the value of few parameters and provide some indications on the physical conditions during the formation of the ices.
description: 20 pages and 19 figures. Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Taxicab regulation in Japan
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper proposes a model of a cruising taxicab industry under laissez faire pricing and free entry, and compares it with alternative regimes including collusive fare setting, collusive restrictions on entry, or both. In the model, under laissez faire, prices are determined by Nash bargaining with complete information and lie above marginal costs. Under laissez faire pricing and free entry the number of vacant cabs need not be efficient and could be either higher than optimal or less depending upon the relative bargaining power of individual cabs and potential customers. Under collusive control of entry, the number of vacant cabs will be set at the efficient level given the prices, which if set collusively will be above the laissez faire prices. These findings shed new light on the political success of cartelizing regulation of the cruising taxicab industry such as that observed in Japan.
title: Detecting inconsistencies in large biological networks with answer set programming
Creators: name: Gebser, Martin
name: Schaub, Torsten
name: Thiele, Sven
name: Veber, Philippe
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: We introduce an approach to detecting inconsistencies in large biological networks by using answer set programming. To this end, we build upon a recently proposed notion of consistency between biochemical/genetic reactions and high-throughput profiles of cell activity. We then present an approach based on answer set programming to check the consistency of large-scale data sets. Moreover, we extend this methodology to provide explanations for inconsistencies by determining minimal representations of conflicts. In practice, this can be used to identify unreliable data or to indicate missing reactions.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 561
Evanescent Matter
Creators: name: Peebles, P. J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LCDM cosmology offers a picture for galaxy formation that is broadly promising but difficult to reconcile with the evidence that environment has had strikingly little effect on the evolution of ellipticals and pure disk spiral galaxies. Reconciliation might be aided by adding to LCDM an evanescent component of matter with evolving mass and a fifth force large enough to aid early assembly of more nearly isolated protogalaxies. I present a simple illustration.
description: At the referees' request I have enlarged the discussion of the phenomenological motivation for the model and the explanation of the physics. The model and the illustrations if its effects on structure formation are unchanged (apart from correction of a typo in the label Figure 4)
Technological superiority and the losses from migration
Creators: name: Davis, Donald R.
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Two facts motivate this study. (1) The United States is the world's most productive economy. (2) The US is the destination for a broad range of net factor inflows: unskilled labor, skilled labor, and capital. Indeed, these two facts may be strongly related: All factors seek to enter the US because of the US technological superiority. The literature on international factor flows rarely links these two phenomena, instead considering one-at-a-time analyses that stress issues of relative factor abundance. This is unfortunate, since the welfare calculations differ markedly. In a simple Ricardian framework, a country that experiences immigration of factors motivated by technological differences always loses from this migration relative to a free trade baseline, while the other country gains. We provide simple calculations suggesting that the magnitude of the losses for US natives may be quite large- $72 billion dollars per year or 0.8 percent of GDP.
Psychosocial stress and major depression: a comparative analysis of Canadian armed forces personnel and members of the general Canadian population
Creators: name: Lahtinen, Markus Christian
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 210-230
description: Social antecedents can precipitate and maintain susceptibility to a mental disorder (Pilgrim 2005). Social structures and people's locations within them, for instance, provide a context in which repeated experiences may deteriorate mental health (Pearl in 1989; Aneshensel 1992). If taxing conditions (stressors) are not mediated or moderated, mental distress may arise. It is not necessarily permanent, but it is emotionally, psychologically and/or socially uncomfortable, and a precursor to the manifestation of a mental disorder. By mediating/moderating stressor distress it is possible to reduce the likelihood of a major illness. Using comparative data f om the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycle 1.2 and the CCHS 1.2 - CF Component, this research investigates the relationship between psychosocial stress processes and past 12 month major depressive episode for those in the general Canadian population (GCP) and for Canadian Forces members (CF). And as part of the research framework, Wheaton's (1985) additive and multiplicative stress-buffering hypotheses are also tested. Based on the results, 1 can conclude that the psychosocial stress process operates similarly for CF personnel and GCP members. As well, the salutary effects of coping resources are not contingent on the level of a stressor, but apply equally across all levels of exposure to distress, and can reduce one's risk of a past 12 month major depressive episode.
Additional file 1 of miR-10a overexpression aggravates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury associated with decreased PIK3CA expression
Creators: name: Xu, Dongsheng
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Wang, Gang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Research Portal for Secure Data Discovery, Access and Collaboration
Creators: name: Dharsee, Moyez
name: Behan, Brendan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: national data services
subject: research data management
subject: canada
subject: digital research infrastructure
subject: data discovery
subject: https://dictionary.casrai.org/Research_data_management
subject: https://dictionary.casrai.org/Digital_infrastructure
subject: https://dictionary.casrai.org/Data_management

description: Presentation on a research portal for Brain-CODE, the extensible neuroinformatics platform. For the National Data Services Framework Summit 2019.
Life Skills Training as a Child Protection Intervention in the Context of Community-Based Social Institutions in Mwingi Central Sub County, Kitui County - Kenya
Creators: name: Kithome, Titus Mutia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This study explores the role of life skills training as a child protection intervention within the context of community-based social institutions in Mwingi Central Sub County. The study focuses on how social institutions like the family, schools, religious institutions, non-governmental organizations and the community-based organizations like women and youth groups use life skills training as an intervention in child protection. The study adopted sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design that combines both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The study employed both probability and non-probability sampling procedures. By use of simple random sampling method, 2 Divisions, 5 Locations and 10 Sub Locations were selected for the study.  This study's target population consisted of adult members of the households from 26,753 households and the sample size of 399 was calculated by use of the Yamane formulae.  Probability stratified and systematic sampling methods were used to determine the relative number of households in each stratum.  Through purposive and snowball sampling methods, the study also targeted 24 students both in school and out of school while 10 key informants were purposively selected.  The findings of the study revealed that close and extended members family, schools, religious leaders and other community leaders were all involved in one way or the other in life skills training to children. The study's findings showed that community-based social institutions in Mwingi central sub county recognized the value of life skills training as a child protection intervention and actively took part in its implementation. The study concluded that life skills training as a  child protection intervention is highly appreciated and commonly practiced among the community-based social institution in Mwingi Central Sub County. However, the study outlines several obstacles that need to be streamlined for effective implementation of life skills training among children and recommend that the departments of education and social services should develop and implement a more well-structured life skills training programs within the community-based institutions. 
Key words: Life skills, community-based social institutions, child protection
From the discrete to the continuous - towards a cylindrically consistent dynamics
Creators: name: Dittrich, Bianca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete models usually represent approximations to continuum physics. Cylindrical consistency provides a framework in which discretizations mirror exactly the continuum limit. Being a standard tool for the kinematics of loop quantum gravity we propose a coarse graining procedure that aims at constructing a cylindrically consistent dynamics in the form of transition amplitudes and Hamilton's principal functions. The coarse graining procedure, which is motivated by tensor network renormalization methods, provides a systematic approximation scheme towards this end. A crucial role in this coarse graining scheme is played by embedding maps that allow the interpretation of discrete boundary data as continuum configurations. These embedding maps should be selected according to the dynamics of the system, as a choice of embedding maps will determine a truncation of the renormalization flow.
description: 22 pages
Braving the extremes: foraminifera document changes in climate-induced and anthropogenic stress in Wadden Sea salt marshes
Creators: name: Bunzel, Dorothea
name: Milker, Yvonne
name: Francescangeli, Fabio
name: Schmiedl, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cultural landscapes
subject: ecological indicators
subject: Entzia macrescens
subject: environmental stress
subject: foraminiferal test abnormalities
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Tidal wetlands are highly dynamic ecosystems that are susceptible to changes in sea level and flooding from storm surges. Among them, salt marshes play a key role in coastal protection as they contribute to wave attenuation through their regulating ecosystem services, thereby promoting sediment deposition and shoreline stabilization. However, the resilience of salt marshes, particularly those that have been modified and cultivated for centuries, is questionable in the face of accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) and increasing run-up heights of storm surges. In this context, this study aims to investigate the historical foraminiferal records of two sedimentary salt marsh archives from the Wadden Sea area (Dithmarschen and North Frisia, Germany) that have been modified to varying degrees by human management activities over the last century. The foraminiferal records document how physico-chemical traits of salt marshes of the central Wadden Sea have responded to storm tide inundation over the last century, providing information about salt marsh stability and vulnerability. Abnormally grown tests of the salt marsh indicator species Entzia macrescens increased in number between 1950 CE and the late 1980s, indicating the concurrent increase of environmental stress caused by the effects of times of increased salt marsh flooding. These trends can be linked to observations of amplified North Sea storm surges, corroborating that salt marsh ecosystems respond to changing climate conditions. Differences in the number of abnormal foraminifera between the studied salt marshes suggest a particularly high vulnerability of intensively human-modified coastal wetland ecosystems to amplified storm climate conditions.
Moduli of polarised Enriques surfaces — Computational aspects
Creators: name: Sikirić, Mathieu Dutour
name: Hulek, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oxford : Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: permutation group algorthms
subject: space
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: Moduli spaces of (polarised) Enriques surfaces can be described as open subsets of modular varieties of orthogonal type. It was shown by Gritsenko and Hulek that there are, up to isomorphism, only finitely many different moduli spaces of polarised Enriques surfaces. Here, we investigate the possible arithmetic groups and show that there are exactly 87 such groups up to conjugacy. We also show that all moduli spaces are dominated by a moduli space of polarised Enriques surfaces of degree 1240. Ciliberto, Dedieu, Galati and Knutsen have also investigated moduli spaces of polarised Enriques surfaces in detail. We discuss how our enumeration relates to theirs. We further compute the Tits building of the groups in question. Our computation is based on groups and indefinite quadratic forms and the algorithms used are explained.
A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CRITERIA TO CONSTRUCT REGRESSION MODEL EMPLOYING THE BOX-COX AND COLE GREEN TRANSFORMATION
Creators: name: AZAD ADIL SHAREEF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cole Green Transformation, Box-Cox Transformation, Adjusted R-Square, and Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion.

description: Abstract

This article introduces an algorithm that utilizes power transformation to estimate a nonlinear regression model for Cole Green and Box-Cox transformation. The algorithm outlines steps for selecting an optimal powers parameter estimate, employing the Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion, statistical modeling efficiency criteria are incorporated to complement the traditional method. Additionally, Decision rules include the adjusted coefficient of determination Maximum Likelihood Estimator and the F-statistics test. The proposed algorithm is applied to real data, and the conclusion emphasizes the feasibility of obtaining various options exist for selecting the optimal power parameter. However, attaining a singular optimal value that meets both estimation and decision criteria methods is deemed impractical.
Detecting the Rise and Fall of the First Stars by Their Impact on Cosmic Reionization
Creators: name: Ahn, Kyungjin
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Mellema, Garrelt
name: Koda, Jun
name: Mao, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intergalactic medium was reionized before redshift z~6, most likely by starlight which escaped from early galaxies. The very first stars formed when hydrogen molecules (H2) cooled gas inside the smallest galaxies, minihalos of mass between 10^5 and 10^8 solar masses. Although the very first stars began forming inside these minihalos before redshift z~40, their contribution has, to date, been ignored in large-scale simulations of this cosmic reionization. Here we report results from the first reionization simulations to include these first stars and the radiative feedback that limited their formation, in a volume large enough to follow the crucial spatial variations that influenced the process and its observability. We show that, while minihalo stars stopped far short of fully ionizing the universe, reionization began much earlier with minihalo sources than without, and was greatly extended, which boosts the intergalactic electron-scattering optical depth and the large-angle polarization fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background significantly. Although within current WMAP uncertainties, this boost should be readily detectable by Planck. If reionization ended as late as z_ov
description: Accepted to ApJL; Some minor changes made and several new references added
The Japan-U.S. Exchange Rate, Productivity, and the Competitiveness of Japanese Industries
Creators: name: Dekle, Robert
name: Fukao, Kyoji
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: In September 1985, representatives of the U.S., Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France met at the Plaza Hotel in New York, to engineer a depreciation of the dollar, to help eliminate the continuing trade deficits of the U.S. As a consequence of these policies, by February 1986, the yen-dollar exchange rate approached 180, from about 250 before the Plaza Accord. The yen continued to appreciate, reaching 120 in early 1988. There was another spurt of appreciation in early 1995, with the yen momentarily touching below 90. Subsequently, the yen weakened to as much as 130, although it has mostly been in the 110-120 range during the last decade, except for the period after the fall of 2008, when the yen briefly touched below 90 again. These trends in the Japanese currency apply also in terms of the Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER), although in terms of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER), the yen appreciation was more muted, with the REER back at pre-Plaza levels by early 2007.
An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth: an investigation into what makes revenge satisfying
Creators: name: Alibhai, Alishia Mahmud
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 143-153
description: The goal of the present research was to explore the portrayal of revenge in popular film and to investigate aspects of revenge episodes that make them psychologically satisfying from an observer's point of view. I designed the first study to (a) examine the nature of revenge as it is portrayed in popular revenge movies, and (b) reveal the specific elements of a revenge episode that evoke observer feelings of satisfaction. I employed a policy-capturing approach in the second study to investigate experimentally the extent to which the following three elements affect people's judgments of the satisfaction surrounding a revenge episode: whether innocent bystanders are harmed, whether the avenger is a "good" versus "bad" person, and whether the avenger experiences consequences due to the revenge act. Based on the findings of Study 1, revenge appears to be portrayed as a highly violent action mainly sought by "good" White males against "bad" White males in response to an equally violent action. Altruistic revenge and avenger regret were discovered to be significantly associated with feelings of satisfaction. Moreover, I discovered justice to be a key underlying variable of feelings of satisfaction stemming from an observation of revenge. Study 2 revealed that participants weighted harm to innocent bystanders more heavily than the avenger's character and the avenger's character more heavily than consequences to the avenger when psychological satisfaction was at issue. The present findings are important in revealing the kinds of variables that make revenge satisfying to observers and thus, the factors that might affect people's assessments of their own and others' revenge.
A family centred, positive behaviour support approach to sleep problems in a child with autism
Creators: name: Zylka, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) report a significantly higher frequency and severity of sleeping problems than typically developing children and children with other disabilities. Sleeping problems most commonly reported include difficulties with sleep onset, maintenance, irregular sleep routines, and co-sleeping. A number of studies have used behavioural interventions to treat such sleeping problems. However, a number of methodological limitations have been identified with such studies. Additionally, there are a number of other clinical limitations that may affect the acceptability, meaningfulness, and sustainability of treatment outcomes. A Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) approach to behavioural interventions has been identified in the research as a viable approach to address such outcomes. This study evaluated an approach to behavioural intervention that synthesized evidence-based practices in PBS and the treatment of sleep problems in children with ASD. This study investigated the effectiveness of a parent-implemented PBS plan to improve the sleep problems of a child with ASD during a bedtime routine. A 4-year-old child with a diagnosis of ASD and his mother participated in the study. The study employed a single-subject case study design, using a multiple probe strategy. Results indicated improvements in child sleep behaviour and participation during the bedtime routine following implementation of the PBS intervention. The results are discussed with reference to previous research, unique contributions to the literature, future directions, and implications for practitioners and researchers who are involved in interventions for children with ASD and sleep problems.
The effect of bank credit on asset prices: Evidence from the Japanese real estate boom during the 1980s
Creators: name: Mora, Nada
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper studies whether bank credit fuels asset prices. I show that I have an instrument for the supply of real estate loans. Financial deregulation during the 1980s allowed keiretsus to obtain finance publicly and reduce their dependence on banks. Banks that lost these blue-chip customers increased their property lending. Using this instrument I find that a 0.01 increase in a prefecture's real estate loans as a share of total loans causes 14-20% higher land inflation compared to other prefectures over the 1981-1991 period. The timing of losses also coincides with subsequent land inflation in a prefecture.
The application of human intelligence in counterterrorism
Creators: name: Shepherd, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 110-116
description: After the attacks of 11 September 2001, a number of people began calling for an expansion of the human intelligence (HUMINT) resources of American security intelligence agencies. Few writers seem to have given much thought, however, to whether or not traditional methods of gathering intelligence via HUMINT would be effective against a group such as Al Qaeda, many of whose members are motivated in large part by religion. The aim of this work is to discuss whether traditional HUMINT practices of threatening and cajoling group members into passing information will be effective against Al Qaeda and its associated groups. This is done by studying historical case studies of effective HUMINT campaigns against terrorist groups sufficiently similar to Al Qaeda to allow comparison. This work will conclude that traditional HUMINT methodology will be sufficiently effective against Islamist terrorism to allow security intelligence agencies to undermine and apprehend these groups.
Security Survey of Internet Browsers Data Managers
Creators: name: Boja, Catalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.6.5

description: The paper analyses current versions of top three used Internet browsers and compare their security levels to a research done in 2006. The security is measured by analyzing how user data is stored. Data recorded during different browsing sessions and by different password management functions it is considered sensitive data. The paper describes how the browser protects the sensitive data and how an attacker or a forensic analyst can access it.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables
Generics guide toddlers' inductive inferences about novel kinds
Creators: name: Nayer, Samantha L.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 61-63
description: The present set of studies examined whether generic language guides 24- and 30- month-olds' inferences about novel kinds. Across three experiments, children were administered an inductive inference task in one of two conditions: (a) a generic condition, and (b) a non-generic condition. First, the experimenter introduced a novel model exemplar (e.g., a blue blick) accompanied by either a generic noun phrase (NP) (e.g., "Blicks drink milk") or a non-generic NP (e.g., "This blick drinks milk") and modeled a target action (a drinking motion with a cup). Children were then given the opportunity to imitate the target action with the novel model exemplar (e.g., the blue blick) and a novel non-model exemplar ( e.g., the orange blick). Experiment One was an initial examination of 30-month-olds' attention to generics when making inductive inferences about novel kinds within a supportive linguistic context (reminder group) and a less supportive linguistic context (no-reminder group). Results indicated that 30-month-olds in the non-generic group imitated significantly more often with the model exemplar compared to the non-model exemplar. In contrast, 30-month-olds in the generic group imitated equally as often with the model and non-model exemplars. Type of context (supportive versus less supportive) did not influence the results. Experiment Two investigated 24-month-olds sensitivity to generics within a supportive linguistic context. Results demonstrated that 24-month-olds in both the generic and non­generic groups imitated equally as often with the model and non-model exemplars, indicating that 24-month-olds do not appear to be sensitive to generics when making inductive inferences about novel kinds. Finally, Experiment Three was a control for plurality in the generic and non-generic NPs. Results indicated that, 30-month-olds in both the generic and non-generic groups imitated equally as often with the model and non-model exemplars, suggesting that, children were not sensitive to generic language when making inductive inferences when plurality was controlled. The results from the present set of experiments provide preliminary evidence that young children have an emerging ability to use generic language to guide their inductive inferences about novel kinds.