cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Differentially hypomethylated cell-free DNA and coronary collateral circulation
Creators: name: Ahn, Jongseong
name: Heo, Sunghoon
name: Ahn, Soo-jin
name: Bang, Duhee
name: Lee, Sang-Hak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary figures: figure S1-S8
A Software Tool-Based Accessibility Assessment of Public Library Websites in the United States
Creators: name: Khawaja, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: This study sought to assess how accessible public library websites are to patrons with disabilities, understand the types of accessibility errors that library websites have, and investigate potential relationships between library website accessibility and demographics of the communities libraries serve. A total of 120 public library website URLs were evaluated on four different types of pages using two software tools, one for testing WCAG 2.1 compliance, and another for readability scores. Results showed that public library websites overwhelmingly fail to meet the accessibility standards required by law in Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Color contrast errors were the most common type of error found for each type of page. It was found that there were no significant relationships between demographics of the communities libraries serve and accessibility errors.
Headings:
NEOROCKS project: surface properties of small near-Earth asteroids
Creators: name: Hromakina, T.
name: Birlan, M.
name: Barucci, M. A.
name: Fulchignoni, M.
name: Colas, F.
name: Fornasier, S.
name: Merlin, F.
name: Sonka, A.
name: Anghel, S.
name: Poggiali, G.
name: Belskaya, I.
name: Perna, D.
name: Dotto, E.
name: team, the NEOROCKS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new results of the observing program which is a part of the NEOROCKS project aimed to improve knowledge on physical properties of near-Earth Objects (NEOs) for planetary defense. Photometric observations were performed using the 1.2m telescope at the Haute-Provence observatory (France) in the BVRI filters of the Johnson-Cousins photometric systems between June 2021 and April 2022. We obtained new surface colors for 42 NEOs. Based on the measured colors we classified 20 objects as S-complex, 9 as C-complex, 9 as X-complex, 2 as D-type, one object as V-type, and one object remained unclassified. For all the observed objects we estimated their absolute magnitudes and diameters. Combining these new observations with the previously acquired data within the NEOROCKS project extended our dataset to 93 objects. The majority of objects in the dataset with diameters D<500m belongs to a group of silicate bodies, which could be related to observational bias. Based on MOID and $Δ$V values we selected 14 objects that could be accessible by a spacecraft. Notably, we find D-type asteroid (163014) 2001 UA5 and A-type asteroid 2017 SE19 to be of particular interest as possible space mission targets.
Effects of Historical Contextualization of Confederate Monuments in North Carolina
Creators: name: Csuka Brooke
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: There is a fundamental divide between the views of proponents of Confederate monuments and those who consider them symbols of white supremacy. Exploring the intricacies of this debate, this master’s paper will address the following questions: Are proponents of Confederate monuments aware of the memorials’ ties to historical white supremacy? And if not, how can archival materials affect their perception of a Confederate monument in the southern United States? This study recruited survey participants from Confederate heritage societies in North Carolina who support leaving Confederate monuments as they are. The survey began with screening questions to determine baseline opinions on Confederate monuments. Following these questions, the survey experiment displayed archival documentation that illustrated white supremacist ideas and goals in speeches delivered at installments of four Confederate monuments in the early 21st century in the state, then asked follow-up questions to see if this contextualization altered the participants’ perceptions of the monuments.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Exploring Email Archiving Workflows
Creators: name: Carlson, Clare
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The purpose of this study is to examine email processing workflows of archivists at universities in the United States. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven archivists at six universities, this study explores the working practices and perspectives of archivists processing email collections. From selection and acquisition to access and discovery, participants shared their thoughts and experiences on email archiving at their institutions. With the assistance of qualitative coding software, I analyzed the latent and manifest content within the interview data. The goal of the study was not to determine standards and best practices for processing email. Rather, the study is intended to be a resource for archivists who are interested in learning how peers at other institutions are transforming the high volume of email data into accessible, significant records with documentary value.
Additional file 1 of MLAGO: machine learning-aided global optimization for Michaelis constant estimation of kinetic modeling
Creators: name: Maeda, Kazuhiro
name: Hatae, Aoi
name: Sakai, Yukie
name: Boogerd, Fred C.
name: Kurata, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Tables S1–S2 and Figs S1–S3.
H{ö}lderian weak invariance principle under Maxwell and Woodroofe condition
Creators: name: Giraudo, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the weak invariance principle in H{ö}lder spaces under some reinforcement of the Maxwell and Woodroofe condition.
Understanding and Evaluating a Text Classification Model Using Interpretable Machine Learning Methods
Creators: name: He, Jiesong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Engineers have been working hard on improving the accuracy and efficiency of machine learning models since people started to use the data left on the internet as a valuable resource for analytics. We have seen many modern machine learning applications in real life and research projects, such as advertisement services, recommendations systems, artificial intelligent robotics, and self-driven vehicles, etc. For many of these applications, we not only care about the ultimate output of the machine learning models but also expect for explanations for results. This paper aims to present an approach to explaining machine learning algorithms and relative evaluation processes. We use a random forest model to perform the text classification and choose the LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) to work as the explainer and the PMI (Pointwise Mutual Information) as the evaluation baseline.
Additional file 1 of The combined impact of persistent infections and human genetic variation on C-reactive protein levels
Creators: name: Hodel, Flavia
name: Naret, Olivier
name: Bonnet, Clara
name: Brenner, Nicole
name: Bender, Noemi
name: Waterboer, Tim
name: Marques-Vidal, Pedro
name: Vollenweider, Peter
name: Fellay, Jacques
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Flowchart illustrating the inclusion/exclusion of individuals in the study. Orange boxes indicate the number of included antigens and pathogens.
Multi-Tour Set Traveling Salesman Problem in Planning Power Transmission Line Inspection
Creators: name: Nekovář, František
name: Faigl, Jan
name: Saska, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This letter concerns optimal power transmission line inspection formulated as a proposed generalization of the traveling salesman problem for a multi-route one-depot scenario. The problem is formulated for an inspection vehicle with a limited travel budget. Therefore, the solution can be composed of multiple runs to provide full coverage of the given power lines. Besides, the solution indicates how many vehicles can perform the inspection in a single run. The optimal solution of the problem is solved by the proposed Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation, which is, however, very computationally demanding. Therefore, the computational requirements are addressed by the combinatorial metaheuristic. The employed greedy randomized adaptive search procedure is significantly less demanding while providing competitive solutions and scales better with the problem size than the ILP-based approach. The proposed formulation and algorithms are demonstrated in a real-world scenario to inspect power line segments at the electrical substation.
description: Copyright 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
From Wild East to Forbidden City: Mapping Algorithmic News Distribution in China through a Case Study of Jinri Toutiao
Creators: name: Kuai, Joanne
name: Lin, Bibo
name: Karlsson, Michael
name: Lewis, Seth C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: Digital platforms, with their ever-increasing reach and power, are reshaping many aspects of society. China is experiencing a platformization of society akin to what has occurred in the West. By mapping the algorithmic news distribution field in China, this study shows how the key players (including digital platforms, news organizations, and state regulators) compete, collaborate, and work symbiotically with each other in this changing ecology. We explore a particularly key player—Jinri Toutiao, led by ByteDance (parent company of the popular app TikTok)—as a case that exemplifies the platform logic in China’s news ecosystem and how it involves a delicate dance with the public and regulators in a politically restrictive environment. We find that the mutual shaping of platforms and society is not a given but rather a dynamic process. Indeed, we show that Toutiao’s tremendous success is partially because of the state’s laissez-faire policy in the earlier years, and that its move to assume greater social responsibility is a response to recent tightening of regulations. Amid widespread questions about the role and influence of Big Tech and platforms in society, the case of China enriches our understanding of the platformization of news outside the Western context.
Adapting to Affordances and Audiences? A Cross-Platform, Multi-Modal Analysis of the Platformization of News on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter
Creators: name: Hase, Valerie
name: Boczek, Karin
name: Scharkow, Michael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: To capture audiences’ attention on social media, news outlets may disseminate journalistic content in line with platform instead of mass media logics, indicating a platformization of news. Taking a cross-platform, multi-modal approach, we analyze how German outlets select and adapt existing stories for Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. We combine a computational and a manual content analysis of articles and social media posts (N = 4,412), including related images/videos (N = 6,850). Overall, evidence for outlets following platform logics on social media is limited: News outlets select and adapt news on a technical level, for instance by distributing more content on news-centered platforms like Twitter or by fostering on-platform engagement by excluding external links on Instagram. However, they do not systematically select or adapt news on a more communicative level, for instance by preferring specific topics for social media or by using more engaging language on platforms.
Detecting correlated errors in SPAM tomography
Creators: name: Jackson, Christopher
name: van Enk, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whereas in standard quantum state tomography one estimates an unknown state by performing various measurements with known devices, and whereas in detector tomography one estimates the POVM elements of a measurement device by subjecting to it various known states, we consider here the case of SPAM (state preparation and measurement) tomography where neither the states nor the measurement device are assumed known. For $d$-dimensional systems measured by $d$-outcome detectors, we find there are at most $d^2(d^2-1)$ "gauge" parameters that can never be determined by any such experiment, irrespective of the number of unknown states and unknown devices. For the case $d=2$ we find new gauge-invariant quantities that can be accessed directly experimentally and that can be used to detect and describe SPAM errors. In particular, we identify conditions whose violations detect the presence of correlations between SPAM errors. From the perspective of SPAM tomography, standard quantum state tomography and detector tomography are protocols that fix the gauge parameters through the assumption that some set of fiducial measurements is known or that some set of fiducial states is known, respectively.
Coping resources and stress due to demands in parents to children with autism spectrum disorder
Creators: name: Sartor, Teresa
name: Sons, Sarah
name: Kuhn, Jörg-Tobias
name: Tröster, Heinrich
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Autism spectrum disorder
subject: ASD
subject: Parental stress
subject: Parental demands
subject: Coping resources
subject: 370

description: Introduction: Parents to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are exposed to numerous demands in their daily lives and exhibit high levels of stress. The present study aims to find out which coping resources are mediators that help parents cope with these demands and which of those coping resources amplify or reduce stress arising from the demands. Studies often only focus on the connection between coping resources and stress without taking the demands into account at the same time. Methods: For this reason, a mediation model was set up to answer the research question. Data from a German questionnaire survey with N = 266 parents who have children with ASD (two to 23 years old) were used. Subjectively perceived demands in everyday life (scale “Parental demands in everyday life”), parental stress (“Parental Stress Inventory”, based on Abidin's parenting stress model) and the following coping resources were collected: parental self-efficacy beliefs (“Parents’ sense of competence questionnaire”), available social support of parents (scale “Availability of social support”) and parental coping strategies (German version of the Brief COPE). Results: An exploratory factor analysis revealed four mediators: dysfunctional coping, functional coping, social support, and self-efficacy. The use of dysfunctional behavior and parental self-efficacy were found to be significant mediators that mediated between daily demands and parental stress. A direct effect of demands on parental stress was also found, implying partial mediation. The two factors of functional coping and support were not found to be significant mediators. Discussion: Key findings indicate that parental stress resulting from the daily demands of parenting children with ASD can be reduced by high parental self-efficacy and increased by dysfunctional coping. For practice, it can be deduced that dysfunctional coping strategies of parents to children with ASD should be reduced and parental self-efficacy should be strengthened in order to reduce stress which arises from the multiple demands in everyday life.
description: Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences;4
ATUS-PRO: A FEM-based solver for the time-dependent and stationary Gross-Pitaevskii equation
Creators: name: Marojević, Želimir
name: Göklü, Ertan
name: Lämmerzahl, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ATUS-PRO is a solver-package written in C++ designed for the calculation of numerical solutions of the stationary- and the time dependent Gross--Pitaevskii equation for local two-particle contact interaction utilising finite element methods. These are implemented by means of the deal.II library. The code can be used in order to perform simulations of Bose-Einstein condensates in gravito-optical surface traps, isotropic and full anisotropic harmonic traps, as well as for arbitrary trap geometries. A special feature of this package is the possibility to calculate non-ground state solutions (topological modes, excited states) for an arbitrarily high non-linearity term. The solver- package is designed to run on parallel distributed machines and can be applied to problems in one, two, or three spatial dimensions with axial symmetry or in Cartesian coordinates. The time dependent Gross--Pitaevskii equation is solved by means of the fully implicit Crank- Nicolson method, whereas stationary states are obtained with a modified version based on our own constrained Newton method. The latter method enables to find the excited state solutions.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures. Source code can be obtained from the authors
Comparing Usability of Text-Based and Image-Based CAPTCHAs
Creators: name: Higgins, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: CAPTCHAs are challenges that are designed to distinguish humans from computer programs, especially to prevent automated attacks. The designs of CAPTCHAs are constantly changing to match advances in artificial intelligence and computer vision, and the capabilities of malicious actors. As new CAPTCHAs are implemented, they need to be freshly evaluated in terms of usability alongside security. This paper describes the design for a laboratory experiment to assess the usability of text-based and image-based CAPTCHAs by comparing how long they take to complete and how accurately they can be solved.
Do high energy astrophysical neutrinos trace star formation?
Creators: name: Emig, Kimberly
name: Lunardini, Cecilia
name: Windhorst, Rogier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has provided the first map of the high energy (~ 0.01 -- 1 PeV) sky in neutrinos. Since neutrinos propagate undeflected, their arrival direction is an important identifier for sources of high energy particle acceleration. Reconstructed arrival directions are consistent with an extragalactic origin, with possibly a galactic component, of the neutrino flux. We present a statistical analysis of positional coincidences of the IceCube neutrinos with known astrophysical objects from several catalogs. When considering starburst galaxies with the highest flux in gamma-rays and infrared radiation, up to n=8 coincidences are found, representing an excess over the ~4 predicted for the randomized, or "null" distribution. The probability that this excess is realized in the null case, the p-value, is p=0.042. This value falls to p=0.003 for a partial subset of gamma-ray-detected starburst galaxies and superbubble regions in the galactic neighborhood. Therefore, it is possible that starburst galaxies, and the typically hundreds of superbubble regions within them, might account for a portion of IceCube neutrinos. The physical plausibility of such correlation is discussed briefly.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted in JCAP
Automated classification of eclipsing binary systems in the VVV Survey
Creators: name: Daza-Perilla, I. V.
name: Gramajo, L. V.
name: Lares, M.
name: Palma, T.
name: Lopes, C. E. Ferreira
name: Minniti, D.
name: Clariá, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of large-scale photometric surveys of the sky, modern science witnesses the dawn of big data astronomy, where automatic handling and discovery are paramount. In this context, classification tasks are among the key capabilities a data reduction pipeline must possess in order to compile reliable datasets, to accomplish data processing with an efficiency level impossible to achieve by means of detailed processing and human intervention. The VISTA Variables of the Vía Láctea Survey, in the southern part of the Galactic disc, comprises multi-epoch photometric data necessary for the potential discovery of variable objects, including eclipsing binary systems (EBs). In this study we use a recently published catalogue of one hundred EBs, classified by fine-tuning theoretical models according to contact, detached or semi-detached classes belonging to the tile d040 of the VVV. We describe the method implemented to obtain a supervised machine learning model, capable of classifying EBs using information extracted from the light curves of variable object candidates in the phase space from tile d078. We also discuss the efficiency of the models, the relative importance of the features and the future prospects to construct an extensive database of EBs in the VVV survey.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, , accepted in MNRAS
Telling Stories, Building Alliances: Advocacy for Audiovisual Archival Preservation
Creators: name: Kite, Meredith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate how archivists are engaging in advocacy for audiovisual preservation and make this information available to others who are responsible for caring for legacy audiovisual formats. The study explores the question: (How) Are archivists advocating for the institutional support and the resources they need to preserve their audiovisual materials? In a phenomenological, qualitative investigation, I conducted interviews with archivists who manage legacy audiovisual materials and have advocated for audiovisual preservation. Participants shared information about how they advocate, what kind of messages they communicate, how they developed advocacy skills, and what kind of challenges they face. Cultural heritage professionals who are charged with caring for legacy audiovisual formats may be interested in the study findings. My hope is that the information that I have collected about how people advocate for audiovisual preservation will serve as examples and inspiration for future advocacy efforts.
Additional file 2 of The combined impact of persistent infections and human genetic variation on C-reactive protein levels
Creators: name: Hodel, Flavia
name: Naret, Olivier
name: Bonnet, Clara
name: Brenner, Nicole
name: Bender, Noemi
name: Waterboer, Tim
name: Marques-Vidal, Pedro
name: Vollenweider, Peter
name: Fellay, Jacques
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Scatterplot and regression line (with 95% confidence intervals) to describe the relationship of hs-CRP with characteristics of study participants. Relationship between hs-CRP and A) age, B) sex, C) BMI and D) polygenic risk score (PRS). For linear regressions, linear regression equation, R-squared and P-value are shown.
State-recycling method for testing contextuality
Creators: name: Wajs, Marek
name: Lee, Su-Yong
name: Kurzynski, Pawel
name: Kaszlikowski, Dagomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum nonlocality and contextuality are two phenomena stemming from nonclassical correlations. Whereas the former requires entanglement that is consumed in the measurement process the latter can occur for any state if one chooses a proper set of measurements. Despite this stark differences experimental tests of both phenomena were similar so far. For each run of the experiment one had to use a different copy of a physical system prepared according to the same procedure, or the system had to be brought to its initial state. Here we show that this is not necessary and that the state-independent contextuality can be manifested in a scenario in which each measurement round is done on an output state from the previous round.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, comments welcome
Additional file 1 of Human intracranial pulsatility during the cardiac cycle: a computational modelling framework
Creators: name: Causemann, Marius
name: Vinje, Vegard
name: Rognes, Marie E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Quantities of interest computed for a sequence of uniformly refined meshes (coarse, mid, fine) with a fixed number of time steps (320 time steps per cardiac cycle).
Analyzing Session Laws of the State of North Carolina: An Automated Approach Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Dalwadi, Rucha Hareshkumar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: This exploratory study aims to automatically find the common themes and topics in North Carolina’s 3,01,328 session laws for a period of over hundred years from 1867 to 1968 and group the laws within identified topics. I specifically answer four research questions: (1) identifying the topics in the entire corpus; (2) finding the difference between the topics in private and public laws; (3) finding the difference between topics over time; and (4) discovering topics that may denote racially based legislation. To address the research questions and discovering topics in session laws, I adapt Latent Dirichlet Allocation, an unsupervised machine learning technique for topic modelling. I find that the entire corpus can be grouped into 28 different topics which vary in proportion between sections and decades. I also find that some topics were similar to topics identified in racially based laws covered in literature.
“Saving Journalism from Facebook’s Death Grip”? The Implications of Content-Recommendation Platforms on Publishers and Their Audiences
Creators: name: Ratner, Yariv
name: Gvirsman, Shira Dvir
name: Ben-David, Anat
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Previous research on the platformization of news has mostly been devoted to considering the effects of social media on the news industry. The current study focuses on Taboola and Outbrain, two leading content recommendation platforms. The companies form “partnerships” with news organizations, through which they take over a designated space on news websites and curate news, sponsored content, and advertisements, creating a blend that—the companies claim—maximizes monetization. We argue that the unique business model and distribution mechanism of these companies has a distinct effect on news sites, their audiences, and ultimately the journalism profession. An empirical analysis of 97,499 recommended content items, scraped from nine Israeli news sites, suggests that the spaces created by these partnerships blur the distinction between editorial and monetization logics. In addition, we find the creation of indirect network effects: while large media groups benefit from the circulation of sponsored content across their websites, smaller publishers pay Taboola and Outbrain as advertisers to drive traffic to their websites. Thus, even though these companies discursively position themselves as "gallants of the open web"—freeing publishers from the grip of walled-garden platforms—they de facto expose the news industry to the influence of the platform economy.
Transition to an excitonic insulator from a two-dimensional conventional insulator
Creators: name: Manousakis, Efstratios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, first, we present a general formulation to investigate the ground-state and elementary excitations of an excitonic insulator (EI) in real materials. In addition, we discuss the out-of-equilibrium state induced (albeit transiently) by high-intensity light illumination of a conventional two-dimensional (2D) insulator. We then, present various band-structure models which allow us to study the transition from a conventional insulator to an EI in 2D materials as a function of the dielectric constant, the conventional insulator gap (and chemical potential), the bandwidths of the conduction and valence bands and the Bravais lattice unit-cell size. One of the goals of this investigation is to determine which range of these experimentally determined parameters to consider in order to find the best candidate materials to realize the excitonic insulator. The numerical solution to the EI gap equation for various band-structures shows a significant and interesting momentum-dependence of the EI gap function $Δ(\vec k)$ and of the zero-temperature electron and hole momentum-distribution across the Brillouin zone. Last, we discuss that these features can be detected by tunneling microscopy
description: 12 double column document in pdf and the Latex source files and 7 figures with subfigures
Railway access optimization for a container port in the high-speed railway era - a case study in China
Creators: name: Yang, Zhongzhen
name: Du, Yiying
name: Lian, Feng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: The expansion of high-speed railway (HSR) has opened up new freight capacity on traditional railway (TR) lines in China. In order to increase China's railway volume of containers transported to port terminals, this paper estimates the HSR and TR modal splits for passenger transport. Then, the TR capacity used for passengers is calculated via traffic assignment model, and the number of passenger trains on TR lines is estimated and then deducted from total TR capacity. The remaining balance gives the freight capacity of a TR line. Moreover, a bi-level programming model is built to optimise the location of railway freight terminals and the corresponding train dispatching frequencies in a case in which trains on TR lines and trucks on highways are both used to transport containers to port terminals. The ports of Shanghai and Ningbo with their hinterlands are used as a case study for numerical analysis.
Inhalt
Creators: name: Schlotheuber, Eva
name: Hirbodian, Sigrid
Publisher: name: Vorträge und Forschungen
Year: 2022

description: Vorträge und Forschungen, Bd. 91 (2022): Vorträge und Forschungen: Zwischen Klausur und Welt. Autonomie und Interaktion spätmittelalterlicher geistlicher Frauengemeinschaften
title: Global Analysis of Muon-Neutrino Charged-Current Data for the Characterization and Tuning of Cross-Section and Hadronization Models in the GENIE Neutrino Event Generator
Creators: name: Tena Vidal, Julia
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2024

description: The GENIE neutrino Monte Carlo event generator seeks to model neutrino interactions for all probes and targets across the entire kinematic phase space relevant for neutrino experiments. The lack of a complete theory to model all neutrino scattering processes forces neutrino event generators to rely on empirical models to simulate exclusive final states for neutrino scattering off nucleon and nuclei. These models need to be tuned to data in order to provide a better description and uncertainties for systematic analyses. This thesis focuses on the development of GENIE global analysis of neutrino scattering data, the tuning of simulations and the data-driven characterization of simulation uncertainties.
Tangent Maps and Tangent Groupoid for Carnot Manifolds
Creators: name: Choi, Woocheol
name: Ponge, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper studies the infinitesimal structure of Carnot manifolds. By a Carnot manifold we mean a manifold together with a subbundle filtration of its tangent bundle which is compatible with the Lie bracket of vector fields. We introduce a notion of differential, called Carnot differential, for Carnot manifolds maps (i.e., maps that are compatible with the Carnot manifold structure). This differential is obtained as a group map between the corresponding tangent groups. We prove that, at every point, a Carnot manifold map is osculated in a very precise way by its Carnot differential at the point. We also show that, in the case of maps between nilpotent graded groups, the Carnot differential is given by the Pansu derivative. Therefore, the Carnot differential is the natural generalization of the Pansu derivative to maps between general Carnot manifolds. Another main result is a construction of an analogue for Carnot manifolds of Connes' tangent groupoid. Given any Carnot manifold $(M,H)$ we get a smooth groupoid that encodes the smooth deformation of the pair $M\times M$ to the tangent group bundle $GM$. This shows that, at every point, the tangent group is the tangent space in a true differential-geometric fashion. Moreover, the very fact that we have a groupoid accounts for the group structure of the tangent group. Incidentally, this answers a well-known question of Bellaïche.
description: v4: typos fixed. To appear in Differential Geom. Appl., 40 pages
Torches, Thieves, and Tinder: Recurring Themes in Mythical Origins of Fire
Creators: name: Groon, Gerald Henry
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Fire--Mythology
Content analysis (Communication)
Mythology

description: Fire is one of the basic forces of the world. We cook with it, we see with it, and we use it for just about everything central to our lives. But how did we get it? Fire can be stolen or gifted, clutched in claws or carried in hands. Myths regarding the origin of fire help to explain some of the potential thoughts and reasoning that we can find globally, to understand what people were thinking about fire around the world.
Eighteen origin of fire myths from around the world were examined using content analysis methodology to discover similarities across stories. Findings include the possible reasons behind the theft of fire, an examination of why theft might be lightly punished, and the roles of animals in fire myths.
Titelei
Creators: name: Schlotheuber, Eva
name: Hirbodian, Sigrid
Publisher: name: Vorträge und Forschungen
Year: 2022

description: Vorträge und Forschungen, Bd. 91 (2022): Vorträge und Forschungen: Zwischen Klausur und Welt. Autonomie und Interaktion spätmittelalterlicher geistlicher Frauengemeinschaften
Additional file 3 of The combined impact of persistent infections and human genetic variation on C-reactive protein levels
Creators: name: Hodel, Flavia
name: Naret, Olivier
name: Bonnet, Clara
name: Brenner, Nicole
name: Bender, Noemi
name: Waterboer, Tim
name: Marques-Vidal, Pedro
name: Vollenweider, Peter
name: Fellay, Jacques
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Principal component analysis (PCA) of combined genotyping data. A) PCA plot of the first ten PCs of the genotyping data. Samples are colored by cohort. B) Histogram explaining the variance of each PC component. In the histogram, the variance explained by each eigenvalue is labeled on top.
Are You Picking Up What I'm Putting Down? How Buyers and Sellers on Resale and Secondhand Clothing Mobile Shopping Applications (mis)Communicate
Creators: name: Andes, Eden Joelle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Teleshopping
Consumer behavior
Information behavior

description: Online shopping has existed since the internet. However, in the last few years, mobile shopping has skyrocketed due to the increased use of mobile phones. This shopping behavior, and the interactions associated with are nuanced and little understood. Where shoppers once did not have a choice in how they consumed the items that a store would present to them, they can now browse listings for items freely from the comfort of their homes. They can pick and choose what listings they want to look at, and what information they want to consume. Conversely, sellers can create content relating to the items they want to sell and choose how they present it. The implications for this are great, though little understood. This study looks at the interaction between these two groups, buyers and sellers, and whether or not the information they exchange is the information that they most want to consume.
title: Өсімдіктер биохимиясы
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: EDP Hub (Идипи Хаб), Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2024

description: Ұсынылған басылым қазақ тілінде жазылған өсімдіктер биохимиясы бойынша алғашқы оқулық болып табылады. Бүгінгі күні өсімдіктердің биохимиясына арналған қазақ тіліндегі ешқандай оқулық жоқ. Сондықтан, оқулық өсімдіктердің жасушалары мен ұлпаларындағы биологиялық молекулалардың құрылымдық принциптері және олардың өсімдік ағзаларында қызмет істеу ерекшеліктерін түсіндіретін биохимияның қазіргі мәселелеріне арналған. Оқулықта негізгі өсімдіктердегі биологиялық молекулалар — ақуыздар, ферменттер, нуклеин қышқылдары, көмірсулар және майлармен қатар, алғаш рет өсімдіктердің пептидтік гормондардың функциясы сипатталады. Оқулыққа өсімдіктер биохимиясындағы ең соңғы жетістіктері енгізілген. Қазір эукариоттарда маңызды роль атқаратын РНҚ интерференциясы, транскрипцияға әсер ететін гистон ақуыздарының модификациясына да көңіл бөлінеді. Сонымен қатар, оқулықта алғаш рет өсімдіктерде болатын тотығу стресінің биохимиясы туралы толық мәліметтер берілген. Өсімдіктер биохимиясы оқулығын оқу бағдарламасына негізгі пән ретінде енгізілген жоғары және орта білімді оқу орындарының студенттері, магистранттары және оқытушылары пайдалана алады.
Additional file 4 of The combined impact of persistent infections and human genetic variation on C-reactive protein levels
Creators: name: Hodel, Flavia
name: Naret, Olivier
name: Bonnet, Clara
name: Brenner, Nicole
name: Bender, Noemi
name: Waterboer, Tim
name: Marques-Vidal, Pedro
name: Vollenweider, Peter
name: Fellay, Jacques
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Distribution of polygenic risk score (PRS) values. Density distribution of standardized PRS values by subcohort (CoLaus|PsyCoLaus and UKB) and across all participants (combined).
Comparison of two photonic sampling mixer architectures based on SOA-MZI for all-optical frequency up-conversion
Creators: name: Kastritsis, Dimitrios
name: Rampone, Thierry
name: Zoiros, Kyriakos
name: Sharaiha, Ammar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental comparison of the conversion gain and harmonic distortion performance between Switching and Modulation architectures of an all-optical photonic sampler mixer up-converter using a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) is presented. The process of frequency up-conversion from 1 GHz to 9 GHz is evaluated. Because of their different principle of operation, the Switching architecture demonstrates higher positive conversion gain by approximately 6 dB and 8 dB for standard and differential configuration, respectively, while the Modulation architecture achieves lower harmonic distortion up to 8 dB, depending on the modulation index of the 1 GHz signal.
On the electrostatic Born-Infeld equation with extended charges
Creators: name: Bonheure, Denis
name: d'Avenia, Pietro
name: Pomponio, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J93, 35Q60, 78A30

description: In this paper, we deal with the electrostatic Born-Infeld equation \begin{equation}\label{eq:BI-abs} \tag{$\mathcal{BI}$} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\operatorname{div}\left(\displaystyle\frac{\nabla ϕ}{\sqrt{1-|\nabla ϕ|^2}}\right)= ρ, & \hbox{in } \mathbb{R}^N, \\ \displaystyle\lim_{|x|\to \infty}ϕ(x)= 0, \end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $ρ$ is an assigned extended charge density. We are interested in the existence and uniqueness of the potential $ϕ$ and finiteness of the energy of the electrostatic field $-\nabla ϕ$. We first relax the problem and treat it with the direct method of the Calculus of Variations for a broad class of charge densities. Assuming $ρ$ is radially distributed, we recover the weak formulation of \eqref{eq:BI-abs} and the regularity of the solution of the Poisson equation (under the same smootheness assumptions). In the case of a locally bounded charge, we also recover the weak formulation without assuming any symmetry. The solution is even classical if $ρ$ is smooth. Then we analyze the case where the density $ρ$ is a superposition of point charges and discuss the results in [Kiessling, Comm. Math. Phys. 314 (2012), 509--523]. Other models are discussed, as for instance a system arising from the coupling of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with the Born-Infeld theory.
description: 26 pages
Alternative promoters drive human cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency
Creators: name: Kamil, Jeremy P.
name: Igarashi-Hayes, Suzu
name: Collins-McMillen, Donna
name: Moorman, Nathaniel J.
name: Buehler, Jason C.
name: Goodrum, Felicia
name: Rak, Mike
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Reactivation from latency requires reinitiation of viral gene expression and culminates in the production of infectious progeny. The major immediate early promoter (MIEP) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) drives the expression of crucial lytic cycle transactivators but is silenced during latency in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Because the MIEP has poor activity in HPCs, it is unclear how viral transactivators are expressed during reactivation. It has been presumed that viral gene expression is reinitiated via de-repression of the MIEP. We demonstrate that immediate early transcripts arising from reactivation originate predominantly from alternative promoters within the canonical major immediate early locus. Disruption of these intronic promoters results in striking defects in re-expression of viral genes and viral genome replication in the THP-1 latency model. Furthermore, we show that these promoters are necessary for efficient reactivation in primary CD34+ HPCs. Our findings shift the paradigm for HCMV reactivation by demonstrating that promoter switching governs reactivation from viral latency in a context-specific manner.
Modulation and Switching Architecture Performances for Frequency Up-conversion of Complex-Modulated Data Signals based on a SOA-MZI Photonic Sampling Mixer
Creators: name: Kastritsis, Dimitrios
name: Rampone, Thierry
name: Zoiros, Kyriakos E.
name: Sharaiha, Ammar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical and experimental performance analysis of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier - Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) photonic sampling mixer used as a frequency up-converter is presented employing Switching and Modulation architectures. An active mode-locked laser, generating 2 ps-width pulses at a repetition rate equal to 10 GHz, is used as a sampling source. An optical carrier intensity modulated by a sinusoidal signal at 1 GHz is up-converted to 9 GHz and 39 GHz. High Conversion Gains (CGs) of about 15 dB are demonstrated for the frequency conversion to 9 GHz using both architectures, whereas up to 4 dB and 9 dB for the conversion to 39 GHz employing Switching and Modulation architectures, respectively. Small-signal equations for the up-converted signal in both architectures are formulated and developed, which permit to quantify the CG from closed-form expressions. The numerically calculated CG values are in very good agreement with those obtained experimentally. The validated equations are subsequently employed to explain the performance differences between the two architectures in terms of the CG. Furthermore, signals modulated by QPSK and 16-QAM complex modulation formats at different baud rates are up-converted from 750 MHz to 9.25 GHz and 39.75 GHz and their Error Vector Magnitude is evaluated and compared. The maximum bit rate that meets the Forward Error Correction (FEC) limit is achieved using the Modulation architecture. It is 1 Gbps and 512 Mbps for QPSK and 16-QAM modulations, respectively.
Concurrent Formation of Carbon and Silicate Dust in Nova V1280 Sco
Creators: name: Sakon, Itsuki
name: Sako, Shigeyuki
name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Nozawa, Takaya
name: Kimura, Yuki
name: Fujiyoshi, Takuya
name: Shimonishi, Takashi
name: Usui, Fumihiko
name: Takahashi, Hidenori
name: Ohsawa, Ryou
name: Arai, Akira
name: Uemura, Makoto
name: Nagayama, Takahiro
name: Koo, Bon-Chul
name: Kozasa, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared multi-epoch observations of the dust forming nova V1280 Sco over $\sim$2000 days from the outburst. The temporal evolution of the infrared spectral energy distributions at 1272, 1616 and 1947 days can be explained by the emissions produced by amorphous carbon dust of mass (6.6--8.7)$\times$10$^{-8}$M$_{\odot}$ with a representative grain size of 0.01$~μ$m and astronomical silicate dust of mass (3.4--4.3)$\times$10$^{-7}$M$_{\odot}$ with a representative grain size of 0.3--0.5$~μ$m. Both of these dust species travel farther away from the white dwarf without an apparent mass evolution throughout those later epochs. The dust formation scenario around V1280 Sco suggested from our analyses is that the amorphous carbon dust is formed in the nova ejecta followed by the formation of silicate dust in the expanding nova ejecta or as a result of the interaction between the nova wind and the circumstellar medium.
description: 47 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal on December 2, 2015