cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of internal variability on population exposure to hydroclimatic changes
Creators: name: Mankin, Justin S.
name: Viviroli, Daniel
name: Mekonnen, Mesfin M.
name: Hoekstra, Arjen Y.
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Diffenbaugh, Noah S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Climatic changes
subject: Human beings--Effect of climate on
subject: Freshwater ecology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Future freshwater supply, human water demand, and people's exposure to water stress are subject to multiple sources of uncertainty, including unknown future pathways of fossil fuel and water consumption, and 'irreducible' uncertainty arising from internal climate system variability. Such internal variability can conceal forced hydroclimatic changes on multi-decadal timescales and near-continental spatial-scales. Using three projections of population growth, a large ensemble from a single Earth system model, and assuming stationary per capita water consumption, we quantify the likelihoods of future population exposure to increased hydroclimatic deficits, which we define as the average duration and magnitude by which evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation in a basin. We calculate that by 2060, backsim31%–35% of the global population will be exposed to >50% probability of hydroclimatic deficit increases that exceed existing hydrological storage, with up to 9% of people exposed to >90% probability. However, internal variability, which is an irreducible uncertainty in climate model predictions that is under-sampled in water resource projections, creates substantial uncertainty in predicted exposure: backsim86%–91% of people will reside where irreducible uncertainty spans the potential for both increases and decreases in sub-annual water deficits. In one population scenario, changes in exposure to large hydroclimate deficits vary from −3% to +6% of global population, a range arising entirely from internal variability. The uncertainty in risk arising from irreducible uncertainty in the precise pattern of hydroclimatic change, which is typically conflated with other uncertainties in projections, is critical for climate risk management that seeks to optimize adaptations that are robust to the full set of potential real-world outcomes.
Hydrodynamic View of Wave-Packet Interference: Quantum Caves
Creators: name: Chou, C. -C.
name: Sanz, A. S.
name: Miret-Artes, S.
name: Wyatt, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave-packet interference is investigated within the complex quantum Hamilton-Jacobi formalism using a hydrodynamic description. Quantum interference leads to the formation of the topological structure of quantum caves in space-time Argand plots. These caves consist of the vortical and stagnation tubes originating from the isosurfaces of the amplitude of the wave function and its first derivative. Complex quantum trajectories display counterclockwise helical wrapping around the stagnation tubes and hyperbolic deflection near the vortical tubes. The string of alternating stagnation and vortical tubes is sufficient to generate divergent trajectories. Moreover, the average wrapping time for trajectories and the rotational rate of the nodal line in the complex plane can be used to define the lifetime for interference features.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures (major revisions with respect to the previous version have been carried out)
Suzaku Observations of PSR B1259-63: A New Manifestation of Relativistic Pulsar Wind
Creators: name: Uchiyama, Yasunobu
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
name: Mori, Koji
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed PSR B1259-63, a young non-accreting pulsar orbiting around a Be star SS 2883, eight times with the Suzaku satellite in 2007, to characterize the X-ray emission arising from the interaction between a pulsar relativistic wind and Be star outflows. The X-ray spectra showed a featureless continuum in 0.6-10 keV, modeled by a power law with a wide range of photon index 1.3-1.8. When combined with the Suzaku PIN detector which allowed spectral analysis in the hard 15-50 keV band, X-ray spectra show a break at 5 keV in a certain epoch. Regarding the system as a compactified pulsar wind nebula, in which e+e- pairs are assumed to be accelerated at the inner shock front of the pulsar wind, we attribute the X-ray spectral break to the low-energy cutoff of the synchrotron radiation associated with the Lorentz factor of the relativistic pulsar wind gamma_1 = 4x10^5. Our result indicates that Comptonization of stellar photons by the unshocked pulsar wind will be accessible (or tightly constrained) by observations with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope during the next periastron passage. The PSR B1259-63 system allows us to probe the fundamental properties of the pulsar wind by a direct means, being complementary to the study of large-scale pulsar wind nebulae.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 3 of CX3CL1 promotes cell sensitivity to ferroptosis and is associated with the tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Gong, Qiming
name: Guo, Zhiting
name: Sun, Wenjuan
name: Du, Xiuri
name: Jiang, Yan
name: Liu, Fahui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Fig. 2. The relationship between CX3CL1 and necroptosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. (A) 786-O cells were incubated with Necrostatin-1 (0, 5, 10, 15 μM/ml) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Then cell viability was estimated using the CCK-8 assay. (B) 786-O cells were incubated with CQ (0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 μM/ml) for 12, 24, and 48 h. Then cell viability was estimated using the CCK-8 assay. (C) 786-O cells were incubated with Z-VAD-FMK (0, 10, 20, and 30 μM/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Then cell viability was estimated using the CCK-8 assay. (D) Cell colonies of 786-O cells.
Decadal Drought Variability Over North America: Mechanisms and Predictability
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Ting, Mingfang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Droughts
Weather forecasting
Seas
Meteorology

description: The physical mechanisms and potential predictability of North American drought on decadal timescales are reviewed in a simple and straightforward manner amenable to a wide audience. During decadal droughts, the tropical oceans, most notably cold states of the Pacific but also warm states of the Atlantic, provide forcing that continually nudges the atmosphere toward circulation anomalies that favor high pressure over southern North America and dry conditions. However, even in these regions, and even more so in the northwest and northeast, the oceans exert less than dominant control and actual drought onset, evolution and termination can deviate due, presumably, to potent internal atmosphere variability. The ocean influence, however, justifies efforts to determine if the driving sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic are predictable beyond the seasonal to interannual timescale. Evidence to date, based on initialized predictions with coupled models, is tantalizingly suggestive that useful predictability on these timescales may exist within the atmosphere-ocean system although relevance to North American decadal drought has not yet been demonstrated. These recent advances in drought science and prediction warrant continued research aimed at developing useful long term predictions of drought that can guide adaptation and minimize the associated widespread social and economic disruptions.
Initialization of the Shooting Method via the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Approach
Creators: name: Cristiani, Emiliano
name: Martinon, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Lxx

description: The aim of this paper is to investigate from the numerical point of view the possibility of coupling the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP) to solve some control problems. A rough approximation of the value function computed by the HJB method is used to obtain an initial guess for the PMP method. The advantage of our approach over other initialization techniques (such as continuation or direct methods) is to provide an initial guess close to the global minimum. Numerical tests involving multiple minima, discontinuous control, singular arcs and state constraints are considered. The CPU time for the proposed method is less than four minutes up to dimension four, without code parallelization.
Studies related to natural products : biosynthesis of coumarins
Creators: name: Collier, Peter Lawrence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis describes a biosynthetic investigation of coumarins in turpentine-broom, Thamnosma montana Torr. and Frem. In contrast to simple coumarins, the biosynthetic pathways leading to the furanocoumarins were found to be in a state of confusion as indicated by existing published data. None of the results were internally consistent with any general postulate and there was considerable question concerning the actual meaning of a substantial portion of the experimental data. Studies as described here were performed in several different areas. In the initial investigations, a detailed study of isolation procedures for the many coumarins present in the plant was necessary. Subsequently, appropriate chemical degradative pathways were developed for umbelliprenin (11), isopimpinellin (2), and alloimperatorin methyl ether (8) to allow isolation of relevant carbon atoms in these coumarins. Finally, incorporation studies with DL-mevalonic-5-³ H acid were conducted and subsequent degradative reactions were performed on umbelliprenin (11) and alloimperatorin methyl ether (8). The implications of these preliminary experiments in terms of biosynthetic pathways are presented.
A method to polarise antiprotons in storage rings and create polarised antineutrons
Creators: name: Schoch, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An intense circularely polarised photon beam interacts with a cooled antiproton beam in a storage ring. Due to spin dependent absorption cross sections for the reaction gamma+antiproton > pi- + antineutron a built-up of polarisation of the stored antiprotons takes place. Figures-of-merit around 0.1 can be reached in principle over a wide range of antiproton energies. In this process antineutrons with Polarisation > 70% emerge. The method is presented for the case of 300 MeV/c cooled antiproton beam.
Global Meteorological Drought: A Synthesis of Current Understanding with a Focus on SST Drivers of Precipitation Deficits
Creators: name: Schubert, Siegfried D.
name: Stewart, Ronald E.
name: Wang, Hailan
name: Barlow, Mathew
name: Berbery, Ernesto H.
name: Cai, Wenju
name: Hoerling, Martin P.
name: Kanikicharla, Krishna K.
name: Koster, Randal D.
name: Lyon, Bradfield
name: Mariotti, Annarita
name: Mechoso, Carlos R.
name: Müller, Omar V.
name: Rodriguez-Fonseca, Belen
name: Seager, Richard
name: Seneviratne, Sonia I.
name: Zhang, Lixia
name: Zhou, Tianjun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Droughts
Precipitation (Meteorology)
Seas
Meteorology

description: Drought affects virtually every region of the world, and potential shifts in its character in a changing climate are a major concern. This article presents a synthesis of current understanding of meteorological drought, with a focus on the large-scale controls on precipitation afforded by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, land surface feedbacks, and radiative forcings. The synthesis is primarily based on regionally focused articles submitted to the Global Drought Information System (GDIS) collection together with new results from a suite of atmospheric general circulation model experiments intended to integrate those studies into a coherent view of drought worldwide. On interannual time scales, the preeminence of ENSO as a driver of meteorological drought throughout much of the Americas, eastern Asia, Australia, and theMaritime Continent is now well established, whereas in other regions (e.g., Europe, Africa, and India), the response to ENSO is more ephemeral or nonexistent. Northern Eurasia, central Europe, and central and eastern Canada stand out as regions with few SST-forcedimpacts on precipitation oninterannual time scales.Decadal changesin SST appear to be a major factor in the occurrence of long-term drought, as highlighted by apparent impacts on precipitation of the late 1990s ‘‘climate shifts’’ in the Pacific and Atlantic SST. Key remaining research challenges include (i) better quantification of unforced and forced atmospheric variability as well as land–atmosphere feedbacks, (ii) better understanding of the physical basis for the leading modes of climate variability and their predictability, and (iii) quantification of the relative contributions of internal decadal SST variability and forced climate change to long-term drought.
Western boundary currents and climate change
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Simpson, Isla R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Winds
Climatic changes
Meteorology

description: A recent paper in Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans connects recent changes in atmospheric circulation to poleward movement and intensification of western boundary currents. Causes and characteristics of past and future trends in surface wind stress and western boundary currents are discussed here.
Predictability and prediction of persistent cool states of the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Creators: name: Ramesh, Nandini
name: Cane, Mark A.
name: Seager, Richard
name: Lee, Dong Eun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Droughts
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Mathematical models
Meteorology

description: The Tropical Pacific Ocean displays persistently cool sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that last several years to a decade, with either no El Niño events or a few weak El Niño events. These cause largescale droughts in the extratropics, including major North American droughts such as the 1930s Dust Bowl, and also modulate the global mean surface temperature. Here we show that two models with different levels of complexity— the Zebiak–Cane intermediate model and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model version 2.1— are able to produce such periods in a realistic manner. We then test the predictability of these periods in the Zebiak– Cane model using an ensemble of experiments with perturbed initial states. Our results show that in most cases the cool mean state is predictable. We then apply this method to make retrospective forecasts of shifts in the decadal mean state and to forecast the mean state of the Tropical Pacific Ocean for the upcoming decade. Our results suggest that the Pacific will undergo a shift to a warmer mean state after the 2015–2016 El Niño. This could imply the cessation of the drier than normal conditions that have generally afflicted southwest North America since the 1997–1998 El Niño, as well as the twenty-first-century pause in global warming. Implications for our understanding of the origins of such persistent cool states and the possibility of improving predictions of large-scale droughts are discussed.
Nuclear forces from chiral EFT: The unfinished business
Creators: name: Machleidt, R.
name: Entem, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of the great progress we have seen in recent years in the derivation of nuclear forces from chiral effective field theory (EFT), some important issues are still unresolved. In this contribution, we discuss the open problems which have particular relevance for microscopic nuclear structure, namely, the proper renormalization of chiral nuclear potentials and sub-leading many-body forces.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; contribution to J. Phys. G, Special Issue, Focus Section: Open Problems in Nuclear Structure
Extended X-ray emission in radio galaxies: the peculiar case of 3C 305
Creators: name: Massaro, F.
name: Chiaberge, M.
name: Grandi, P.
name: Giovannini, G.
name: O'Dea, C. P.
name: Macchetto, F. D.
name: Baum, S. A.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Capetti, A.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Liuzzo, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extended X-ray structures are common in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). Here we present the first case of a Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) radio galaxy, 3C 305, in which the X-ray radiation appears to be associated with the optical emission line region, dominated by the [O III]5007. On the basis of a morphological study, performed using the comparison between the X-rays, the optical and the radio band, we argue that the high energy emission has a thermal nature and it is not directly linked to the radio jet and hotspots of this source. Finally, we discuss the origin of the extended X-ray structure connected with the optical emission line region following two different interpretations: as due to the interaction between matter outflows and shock-heated environment gas, or as due to gas photoionized by nuclear emission.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in The ApJL Comments: references and affilitations corrected
Quatuor Pour Temps Incertains (Part 1: Piano)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: The “Quatuor pour temps incertains” is a Quartet for Bb Clarinet, Violin, ‘Cello, and Piano, inspired by the work “Quatuor pour la fin du temps” by Oliver Messiaen. The present work is also in 8-movements, and composed with the same instrumentation as Messiaen’s work. The parts are based on aspects of life, memory, spirit, and prayer, for example, though not directly tied to Messiaen’s biblical inspirations. The composer of the present work first got the idea to write this “Quatuor,” after reading a piece about Messiaen by clarinetist Nurhak Tuncer, for whom this was written. The 8-movements of this piece include: Part 1: Incertitude, Part 2: Fragilté, Part 3: Recherche, Part 4: E’quilibre, Part 5: Esprit, Part 6: Repos, Part 7: Prière, Part 8: Résurrection. (All individual parts for the 8 movements will be available on Academic Commons).
Environmental influences on annual migrations of juvenile southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)
Creators: name: Bestley, Sophie
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Understanding the movement of animals in time and space, and its implications for the abundance and distribution of populations, is a pivotal problem in ecology. Animal migration is often interpreted as a response to environmental heterogeneity, particularly in dynamic ocean environments where prey resources tend to be patchily distributed. In juvenile animals, since migration is not associated with travel to breeding sites, movement is expected to be more tightly coupled to food resources. This study is concerned with the migratory patterns of the juvenile animals of a large, predatory, widely distributed temperate marine species, the southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, hereafter SBT). The long-distance migrations of this predator are investigated directly within the oceanographic context, with environmental influences on movement and behaviour determined through the integration, analysis and interpretation of telemetry-based and oceanographic data. In this thesis I present data and analyses for: (1) Seasonal ocean processes ‚ÄövÑvÆ remotely sensed ocean data were used to identify oceanographic features, and their cycle of development and/or productivity, that may provide important seasonal feeding habitats. (2) Plasticity in vertical behaviour ‚ÄövÑvÆ oceanographic habitats were characterised on the basis of water column structure, using temperature-at-depth data from archival tags, and vertical movements of SBT examined in response to habitat type and other factors. (3) Feeding and foraging ecology ‚ÄövÑvÆ temporal feeding patterns were determined from visceral warming patterns and used to evaluate the relationship between feeding success and time spent in an area. (4) Factors predictive of feeding success ‚ÄövÑvÆ were investigated using an integration of telemetry, environmental data and statistical modelling techniques. General discussion ‚ÄövÑvÆ the integration of biological and oceanographic data provide a significant advancement to our current knowledge on movement, habitat use and foraging ecology in migratory marine animals, and an increased appreciation for the diversity and complexity of biological phenomena. In particular, the ability to detect feeding events provided critical, and sometimes unexpected, insights into the motivations for the observed movements and behaviours, challenging some existing ecological concepts.
Quatuor Pour Temps Incertains (Part 5: Piano)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: The “Quatuor pour temps incertains” is a Quartet for Bb Clarinet, Violin, ‘Cello, and Piano, inspired by the work “Quatuor pour la fin du temps” by Oliver Messiaen. The present work is also in 8-movements, and composed with the same instrumentation as Messiaen’s work. The parts are based on aspects of life, memory, spirit, and prayer, for example, though not directly tied to Messiaen’s biblical inspirations. The composer of the present work first got the idea to write this “Quatuor,” after reading a piece about Messiaen by clarinetist Nurhak Tuncer, for whom this was written. The 8-movements of this piece include: Part 1: Incertitude, Part 2: Fragilté, Part 3: Recherche, Part 4: E’quilibre, Part 5: Esprit, Part 6: Repos, Part 7: Prière, Part 8: Résurrection. (All individual parts for the 8 movements will be available on Academic Commons).
title: Comparing Two Methods of Teaching Inter-Personal Relationship Skills to Student Nurses in Training Programs
Creators: name: Bertoch, Elizabeth Ann
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1980

description: The purpose of this study was to determine which of two methods of teaching interpersonal relationship skills to student nurses was the most effective. The two methods compared were the traditional "established" method and a programmed group teaching method, the Basic Interpersonal Relations program.
Subjects were 45 sophomore associated degree nursing students in their psychiatric rotation.
Subjects were administered as pretests and posttests the Leory Interpersonal Checklist (ICL) and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B).
Four groups were formed. Two groups (I and IV) were taught in the "established" way and in two groups (II and III), the basic Interpersonal Relations program was taught.
The results showed that there was no significant difference in the amount of change in pre-post scores of any of the groups. This would indicate neither teaching method was superior to the other.
Bose Einstein condensation in a gas of the Fibonacci oscillators
Creators: name: Algin, Abdullah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system of the two-parameter deformed boson oscillators whose spectrum is given by a generalized Fibonacci sequence. In order to obtain the role of the deformation parameters (q1,q2) on the thermostatistics of the system, we calculate several thermostatistical functions in the thermodynamical limit and investigate the low-temperature behavior of the system. In this framework, we show that the thermostatistics of the (q1,q2)-bosons can be studied by the formalism of Fibonacci calculus which generalizes the recently proposed formalism of q-calculus. We also discuss the conditions under which the Bose-Einstein condensation would occur in the present two-parameter generalized boson gas. However, the ordinary boson gas results can be obtained by applying the limit q1=q2=1.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures, accepted on JSAT
Quatuor Pour Temps Incertains (Part 1: Violin)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: The “Quatuor pour temps incertains” is a Quartet for Bb Clarinet, Violin, ‘Cello, and Piano, inspired by the work “Quatuor pour la fin du temps” by Oliver Messiaen. The present work is also in 8-movements, and composed with the same instrumentation as Messiaen’s work. The parts are based on aspects of life, memory, spirit, and prayer, for example, though not directly tied to Messiaen’s biblical inspirations. The composer of the present work first got the idea to write this “Quatuor,” after reading a piece about Messiaen by clarinetist Nurhak Tuncer, for whom this was written. The 8-movements of this piece include: Part 1: Incertitude, Part 2: Fragilté, Part 3: Recherche, Part 4: E’quilibre, Part 5: Esprit, Part 6: Repos, Part 7: Prière, Part 8: Résurrection. (All individual parts for the 8 movements will be available on Academic Commons).
title: The Effects of Various Levels of Counselor-Offered Empathy on Client Anxiety in the Initial Counseling Session
Creators: name: Adams, Duncan R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1980

description: The purpose of the present study was two-fold: (1) to investigate various degrees of counselor-offered empathy in initial interviews, in order to determine whether consistently high levels of counselor-- offered empathy in the initial therapy interview causes high levels of client anxiety, and (2) to determine whether increased client anxiety or the levels of counselor-offered empathy that the client receives in the initial counseling interview affects the client's likelihood to continue in counseling following one session. To accomplish the purpose of the study 27 high-anxiety and 27 low-anxiety undergraduate, incentive volunteers were seen in an initial counseling session by one of three psychology, graduate-student counselors. During the interview the counselor offered the clients one of three predetermined levels of empathy (high, medium, or low). The subject's state-anxiety level was measured prior to the interview and during the interview by two paper and pencil, self-report measures, and also by heart rate. The likelihood to continue in counseling following the initial interview was also measured by a specially designed questionnaire. Results revealed that there were no differences between the anxiety scores of the subjects receiving high, medium, or low counselor-offered empathy. No relationship was found to exist between the subjects' anxiety scores and their choice to terminate or continue counseling after the initial interview. However, an interaction effect upon the subjects' likelihood to continue in counseling was found to exist between their trait anxiety level and the level of counselor-offered empathy which they received.
Heat and Dust in Active Layers of Protostellar Disks
Creators: name: Bai, Xue-Ning
name: Goodman, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Requirements for magnetic coupling and accretion in the active layer of a protostellar disk are re-examined, and some implications for thermal emission from the layer are discussed. The ionization and electrical conductivity are calculated following the general scheme of Ilgner and Nelson but with an updated UMIST database of chemical reactions and some improvements in the grain physics, and for the minimum-mass solar nebula rather than an alpha disk. The new limits on grain abundance are slightly more severe than theirs. Even for optimally sized grains, the layer should be at least marginally optically thin to its own thermal radiation, so that narrow, highly saturated emission lines of water and other molecular species would be expected if accretion is driven by turbulence and standard rates of ionization prevail. If the grain size distribution extends broadly from well below a micron to a millimeter or more, as suggested by observations, then the layer may be so optically thin that its cooling is dominated by molecular emission. Even under such conditions, it is difficult to have active layers of more than 10g/cm^2 near 1AU unless dust is entirely eliminated or greatly enhanced ionization rates are assumed. Equipartition-strength magnetic fields are then required in these regions of the disk if observed accretion rates are driven by magnetorotational turbulence. Wind-driven accretion might allow weaker fields and less massive active layers but would not heat the layer as much as turbulence and therefore might not produce emission lines.
description: Published in ApJ, arxiv version contains supplemental information on effects of X-ray scattering to disk ionization in the appendix
Scholarly Societies in the Humanities: New Models and Innovation
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education, Higher
Information science
Intellectual property

description: Scholarly societies have long been central to the scholarly communication system in the humanities. Membership in a scholarly society has provided crucial networking opportunities for scholars. Societies publish prestigious journals, often using revenue from journal subscriptions to underwrite other activities. Yet the sustainability of these services is now under enormous pressure due to factors including the proliferation of social media, changes in scholarly publishing models, and reduced funding opportunities. In response, scholarly societies in the humanities are experimenting with new service models to reinvent themselves as 21st-century institutions. The panelists have all been deeply involved in discussions about the future of learned societies. They are: Kathleen Fitzpatrick, Director of Scholarly Communication, Modern Language Association; Robert Townsend, Deputy Director, American Historical Association; and Dianne Harris, past-President, Society of Architectural Historians.
Additional file 1 of The FitSpirit approach for increasing physical activity in canadian teenage girls: protocol of a longitudinal, quasi-experimental study
Creators: name: Leduc, Geneviève
name: Jo-Anne Gilbert
name: Ayotte, Alexandra
name: Moreau, Nicolas
name: Drapeau, Vicky
name: Lemoyne, Jean
name: Monthuy-Blanc, Johana
name: Tremblay, Jonathan
name: Marie-Eve Mathieu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist.
Theoretical Priors On Modified Growth Parametrisations
Creators: name: Song, Yong-Seon
name: Hollenstein, Lukas
name: Caldera-Cabral, Gabriela
name: Koyama, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next generation surveys will observe the large-scale structure of the Universe with unprecedented accuracy. This will enable us to test the relationships between matter over-densities, the curvature perturbation and the Newtonian potential. Any large-distance modification of gravity or exotic nature of dark energy modifies these relationships as compared to those predicted in the standard smooth dark energy model based on General Relativity. In linear theory of structure growth such modifications are often parameterised by virtue of two functions of space and time that enter the relation of the curvature perturbation to, first, the matter over-density, and second, the Newtonian potential. We investigate the predictions for these functions in Brans-Dicke theory, clustering dark energy models and interacting dark energy models. We find that each theory has a distinct path in the parameter space of modified growth. Understanding these theoretical priors on the parameterisations of modified growth is essential to reveal the nature of cosmic acceleration with the help of upcoming observations of structure formations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
title: A Comparative Study Between Department of Education Assigned-Marks and Accredited High Schools' Assigned-Marks in Alberta
Creators: name: Christensen, Douglas Harold
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if there had been a significant change in the academic achievement, as measured by Grade XII grade-point averages, of Alberta's matriculation graduates since the accreditation of Alberta high schools in 1973.
The experimental population consisted of 100, 1971-72 and of 100, 1976-77 matriculation graduates who had graduated from schools in the rural school jurisdictions in Education zone 6; and of 100, 1971-72, and of 100, 1976-77 matriculation graduates who had graduated from schools in the Medicine Hat urban school jurisdiction. All of the students in the experimental population had completed their freshman year at the Medicine Hat College the year following their graduation from high school.
The variables analyzed in this study were: (1) Departmental Examination Grade XII grade-point averages, (2) Teacher-assigned Grade XII grade-point averages, (3) college freshmen grade-point averages, and (4) zones (rural and urban).
Correlation coefficients were calculated between Grade XII grade-point averages before and after the accreditation of Alberta high schools. Results indicated that the correlation coefficients ranged from .36 to 50.
The Grade XII grade-point averages which showed the highest correlations with college freshmen grade-point averages were those which had been obtained on Departmental Examinations.
The Fisher's Zr transformation statistical test indicated, at the .05 level of significance, that there was no significant difference between the zones' correlation coefficients before and after accreditation.
The two way analysis of variance test results indicated that there was no significant mean difference between Departmental Examinations Grade XII grade-point averages and teacher-assigned grades. There was, however, a significant difference at the .01 level, between the rural and urban zones' matriculation graduates' Grade XII grade-point averages. The t test showed that there was no significant mean difference between the rural and urban zone's matriculation graduates' Grades XII grade-point averages before accreditation, but after accreditation there was a significant mean difference at the .01 level.
The two-way analysis of variance statistical test results showed no significant mean difference in the Medicine Hat College's freshmen grade-point averages prior to or after accreditation.
N=2 SU Quiver with USP Ends or SU Ends with Antisymmetric Matter
Creators: name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri
name: Xie, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the four dimensional scale invariant N=2 SU quiver gauge theories with USp(2N) ends or SU(2N) ends with antisymmetric matter representations. We argue that these theories are realized as six dimensional A_{2N-1} (0,2) theories compactified on spheres with punctures. With this realization, we can study various strongly coupled cusps in moduli space and find the S-dual theories. We find a class of isolated superconformal field theories with only odd dimensional operators $D(ϕ)\geq3$ and superconformal field theories with only even dimensional operators $D(ϕ)\geq4$.
description: Minor changes are made; refrences are added; 21 pages, 18 figures
Quatuor Pour Temps Incertains (Part 2: Violin)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: The “Quatuor pour temps incertains” is a Quartet for Bb Clarinet, Violin, ‘Cello, and Piano, inspired by the work “Quatuor pour la fin du temps” by Oliver Messiaen. The present work is also in 8-movements, and composed with the same instrumentation as Messiaen’s work. The parts are based on aspects of life, memory, spirit, and prayer, for example, though not directly tied to Messiaen’s biblical inspirations. The composer of the present work first got the idea to write this “Quatuor,” after reading a piece about Messiaen by clarinetist Nurhak Tuncer, for whom this was written. The 8-movements of this piece include: Part 1: Incertitude, Part 2: Fragilté, Part 3: Recherche, Part 4: E’quilibre, Part 5: Esprit, Part 6: Repos, Part 7: Prière, Part 8: Résurrection. (All individual parts for the 8 movements will be available on Academic Commons).
Pseudogap and Superconductivity in Iron-Based Layered Superconductor studied by Fluctuation-Exchange Approximation
Creators: name: Ikeda, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate interplay between magnetic fluctuations and superconductivity in the effective five-band Hubbard model for iron-oxypnictide superconductors on the basis of the fluctuation-exchange approximation. As for the normal-state properties, we find the pseudogap behavior in the NMR relaxation rate and the spectral weight in the electron-doped region, while we cannot find such behavior in the hole-doped region. The pseudogap behavior originates from the band structure effect, that is, existence of high density of states just below the Fermi level. Solving the superconducting Eliashberg equation, we find that the most probable candidate for the pairing symmetry is the sign-changed s-wave spin-singlet state. For small Hund's coupling J, the eigenvalue is not so sensitive to carrier doping, and seems to be irrelevant with antiferromagnetic (AF) spin fluctuation. We suggest that correlation between spin and spin-quadrupole is important as the pairing mechanism as well as the AF fluctuation.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures
The 2nd order renormalization group flow for non-linear sigma models in 2 dimensions
Creators: name: Oliynyk, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for two dimensional manifolds M with negative Euler characteristic there exists subsets of the space of smooth Riemannian metrics which are invariant and either parabolic or backwards-parabolic for the 2nd order RG flow. We also show that solutions exists globally on these sets. Finally, we establish the existence of an eternal solution that has both a UV and IR limit, and passes through regions where the flow is parabolic and backwards-parabolic.
Finding Aid for Mary Lewis [Mrs. W. A.] Shedd Papers, 1918
Creators: name: Kamsler, Brigette C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Religion
History

description: Finding aid for a collection that contains a typed copy of a journal kept by Mary Lewis Shedd, wife of William Ambrose Shedd, in Uremia, Persia from February 24, 1918 to October 3, 1918.
Some perfect cards shuffles (French title: Quelques mélanges parfaits de cartes)
Creators: name: Lachal, Aimé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 00A05, 97A20, 00A08

description: In this paper, we study some cards shuffles which are used by magicians. We focus ourselves on the possibility to hit eventually the initial state after several shuffles. This is a classical problem arising in discrete dynamical systems. The computations are performed through an elementary approach, so the paper is easily accessible. ----- Dans cet article, on étudie quelques mélanges de cartes bien connus du monde de la magie. On examine en détail l'éventualité de reconstituer le jeu de cartes initial après plusieurs mélanges consécutifs. Il s'agit mathématiquement d'un problème de systèmes dynamiques discrets pour lequel on recherche explicitement une période. Les calculs étant présentés de manière élémentaire, l'article se veut accessible à un large public.
description: Comments: 22 pages, 16 figures, in French
Dynamic localization and transport in complex crystals
Creators: name: Longhi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of a Bloch particle in a complex crystal with PT symmetry subjected to a sinusoidal ac force is theoretically investigated. For unbroken PT symmetry and in the single-band approximation, it is shown that time reversal symmetry of the ac force preserves the reality of the quasienergy spectrum. Like in ordinary crystals, exact band collapse, corresponding to dynamic localization, is attained for a sinusoidal band shape. The wave packet dynamics turns out to be deeply modified at the PT symmetry breaking point, where band merging occurs and Bragg scattering in the crystal becomes highly non-reciprocal.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The Mole Creek Pack Track between Central and Western Tasmania
Creators: name: Brown, PJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines a pack track made in the late 1890s to tap the emerging mineral wealth of the isolated West Coast of Tasmania. It was built as part of a parochial conflict over access to the West Coast which focused largely on railways, which has now been called the railway wars. The Mole Creek Track was surveyed and built as a sop to northern Tasmanian interests, as were tracks in southern Tasmania. As well as its historical interest the Mole Creek Track is remarkable in that it largely survives as a physical artifact. In keeping with the practice of the day, a professional surveyor, Edward George limes, determined the practicality of a route for this track using skills that are little understood today. The standards that he set for the route were much more rigorous than those of the pioneering bushmen who knew the country. This difference in approaches led to conflict within his survey party and within the local community. The Mole Creek Track was built by day labourers, even the overseers were on day rates, although they all worked under the general supervision of the Public Works Department. The overseers, chiefly Richard Broomhall and Henry Coleman, were essential to the construction of the track because they determined how it was built based on their experience, rather than written instructions: The track-cutters who made up their work gangs were drawn from both the Mole Creek and Rosebery areas and brought different skills and expectations to the work. A major aim of the thesis is to document the effects of this through a combination of field surveys, excavation and archival work. The Mole Creek Track was considered to be largely lost but by employing a combination of research methods it has now been located for much of its length. Based on the results of this research the thesis argues that the remains of the track have considerable cultural heritage value but neither it, nor any other track, has been listed under Tasmanian heritage legislation. Even though much of the track lies within the Cradle Mountain ‚Äö- Lake St Clair National Park ‚ÄövÑvÆ its cultural heritage values have been degraded and continue to be threatened by high visitor numbers on sections of its route now taken up by some of the Overland Track and the Arm River Track. Conducting a cultural heritage assessment based on a New Zealand model would provide the basis to manage the over-used sections, and the 'lost' sections before they are rediscovered by significant numbers of walkers.
N-norm and N-conorm in Neutrosophic Logic and Set, and the Neutrosophic Topologies
Creators: name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.3

description: In this paper we present the N-norms/N-conorms in neutrosophic logic and set as extensions of T-norms/T-conorms in fuzzy logic and set. Also, as an extension of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topology we present the Neutrosophic Topologies.
description: 11 pages, 3 diagrams
title: Investigating Patterns of Fluvial Form and Incision Near the Yellowstone Hotspot — Alpine Canyon of the Snake River, Wyoming
Creators: name: Tuzlak, Daphnee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The Snake River flows across the dynamically uplifting hotspot plume of the Yellowstone region, cuts through the Snake River Range and ultimately enters the lowlying eastern Snake River Plain. Thermal and mantle-dynamic uplift around Yellowstone has been recorded by short-term geodesy and modeled by geophysicists, but measurements over Quaternary timescales and an understanding of how that uplift influences regional incision are absent. The Snake River is the only regional river that crosses the uplifting Yellowstone Plateau and flows into the subsiding eastern Snake River Plain (SRP), and provides an opportunity to investigate both ends of the phenomenon on the tailing margin of the Yellowstone region.
This thesis consists of two related studies conducted in Alpine Canyon of the Snake River. The first is a study of fluvial terraces and steepness patterns along the Snake River considering the spatial distribution of bedrock or varying hardness and resistance to erosion and in the context of regional tectonics. This study uses surficial mapping, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, bedrock strength measurements, and steepness analyses of the mainstem Snake River and tributary drainages. Results include the first incision rate estimates for the southwestern part of the Yellowstone hotspot region and a discussion of the possible sources of baselevel fall along the Snake River.
The second study documents the transitions between bedrock and alluvial channels in the study area and evaluates morphometric and transport capacity thresholds between these reaches. Alluvial bed-cover mapping with a side-scan sonar along with channel morphometric data, clast-counts, and sediment transport estimates allow us to explore what controls these two fundamental channel types.
Results confirm that the Snake River has relatively fast incision rates for the interior western U.S. and that the Snake River is adjusting to an actively deforming landscape. Additionally, our dataset provides field documentation of the magnitude of bedrock-alluvial transitions and may be valuable for parameterizing landscape evolution models or assisting in the restoration of reaches that are in disequilibrium due to changes in land use or climate. This study will hopefully inspire future studies of tectonism and landscape evolution of the Yellowstone hotspot region.