Hybusa Erichson 1844
Creators: name: Queiroz, Larissa Lima De
name: Rafael, José Albertino
name: Pádua, Diego Galvão De
name: Araujo, Rodrigo De Oliveira
name: Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Proscopiidae
Hybusa

description: Hybusa Erichson, 1844
Figs. 2A–C, 3A, 7A–B, 8, 9, 10B
Type species: Hybusa occidentalis (Westwood, 1843) by original monotypy.
Erichson, 1844; Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1890: taxonomy; Mello-Leitão, 1939: new species and species re-description; Jago, 1989: male genitalia description.
Diagnosis. Head with gena striated (Figs. 2A–B; 3A; 7A–B). Anterior leg inserted at prothorax mid-length (Figs. 2A–C; 3A; 8; 9). Posterior leg with femur having nearly the same length as abdomen (Figs. 2B; 7B; 8; 10B). Male meso- and metathorax rounded, elevated, resembling hump (Fig. 2B; 3B; 8; 10B; 12). Suture dividing meso- and metascutum present, inconspicuous, with fused aspect (Figs. 2A; 7A; 8; 9; 12). Metascutum at least two times longer than mesoscutum, with small projection near apex (Fig. 3B). Male with arolium at least as wide and long as third tarsomere (Figs. 3A, C). Ectophallic valve of the male genitalia projecting outside the body (Figs. 4A–B).
Comments. Hybusa minuta (Fig. 8) is only known by males, and Hybusa coniceps (Fig. 9) only by females. Both species occur in a common area: Chile: Coquimbo. Morphologically, both species have specimens with no strong spots and present a more uniform body coloration than the other Hybusa species. Hence, it would be worth conducting more collections for fresh specimens and performing a molecular study to investigate if these species are two separate ones or if they are the same. Hybusa coniceps type is displayed as male in Cigliano et al. (2023), but by analyzing it (Fig. 9) we are determining and amending it to female.
Regarding etymology, although Erichson (1844) did not provide an etymology, it is likely that the genus name refers to the Greek hybos = hump and refers to the male meso- and metanotum conspicuously rounded and elevated, resembling a hump. The name is feminine.
Biogeographical remarks. Chile is internationally renowned as a biogeographic island, boasting a wide range of territorial features that enable its unique biodiversity to be expressed in the latitudinal and altitudinal gradient, with a remarkable levels of endemism (Fernández 2017). The subfamily Hybusinae in Chile exhibits a distribution that aligns with the typical southern distribution pattern (i.e., austral kingdom; see Morrone 2015) observed in many Chilean insects (e.g., Darwin wasps, native bees, beetles and flies) (Porter 1991; Morrone 2015; Araujo and Di Giovanni 2021; Marshall et al. 2022;). This intriguing distribution pattern is believed to have its roots in an Antarctic origin, a characteristic shared by numerous species endemic to Chile (Porter 1991, 1998). The Hybusinae subfamily is primarily found in the southern regions of Chile. This distribution is reminiscent of the broader trend of increasing biodiversity as one moves southwards in this South American country, owing to the unique climatic and environmental conditions found in this region. The subfamily’s presence in Chile underscores the significance of the country’s distinct biogeography, influenced by its proximity to Antarctica and the intricate interplay of ecological factors that have shaped the evolution and distribution of its native species.
description: Published as part of Queiroz, Larissa Lima De, Rafael, José Albertino, Pádua, Diego Galvão De, Araujo, Rodrigo De Oliveira & Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino, 2023, Redescription of Hybusa occidentalis (Westwood) (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae: Hybusinae): new images, description of male genitalia, pictorial key of Hybusa species and morphological comparison of Hybusinae with Xeniinae and Proscopiinae, pp. 361-379 in Zootaxa 5380 (4) on page 363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/10244788