cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plane Waves: To infinity and beyond!
Creators: name: Marolf, Donald
name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the asymptotic boundary of the general homogeneous plane wave spacetime, using a construction of the `points at infinity' from the causal structure of the spacetime as introduced by Geroch, Kronheimer and Penrose. We show that this construction agrees with the conformal boundary obtained by Berenstein and Nastase for the maximally supersymmetric ten-dimensional plane wave. We see in detail how the possibility to go beyond (or around) infinity arises from the structure of light cones. We also discuss the extension of the construction to time-dependent plane wave solutions, focusing on the examples obtained from the Penrose limit of Dp-branes.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, minor changes
F0 fluxbranes, F-walls and new brane worlds
Creators: name: Clement, Gerard
name: Gal'tsov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the list of fluxbrane solutions in classical supergravities by introducing Melvin type space-times supported by antisymmetric forms of rank $D-1$ and their pseudoscalar duals. In IIB theory these solutions belong to the same family as the seven-brane and D-instanton. In current notation, a fluxbrane supported by the D-1 form is an F0 brane, its euclidean continuation is a cylindrical background which ``interacts'' with a pointlike instanton. The general F0 brane can have a transverse space S_k times R^{(D-k-2)} with 1 <= k <= D-2. For k=1 we find the complete solution containing four parameters, three of them associated with pointlike singularities on the Melvin-type background. The S-dual to the F0 brane in ten dimensions is the F8 fluxbrane of codimension one, or F-wall, similar fluxbranes exist in any dimensions if an appropriate form field is present. F-walls contain naked singularities unless one introduces source branes. In such a way one obtains new brane-world type solutions with two bulk scalar fields. Their relation to the supersymmetric brane-worlds is discussed.
description: 24 pages, latex, 2 references added, to be published in Class. Quant. Grav
A survey of stakeholder perspectives on exoskeleton technology
Creators: name: Wolff, Jamie
name: Parker, Claire
name: Borisoff, Jaimie
name: Mortenson, W. Ben
name: Mattie, Johanne
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Exoskeleton technology has potential benefits for wheelchair users’ health and mobility. However, there are practical barriers to their everyday use as a mobility device. To further understand potential exoskeleton use, and facilitate the development of new technologies, a study was undertaken to explore perspectives of wheelchair users and healthcare professionals on reasons for use of exoskeleton technology, and the importance of a variety of device characteristics. Methods: An online survey with quantitative and qualitative components was conducted with wheelchair users and healthcare professionals working directly with individuals with mobility impairments. Respondents rated whether they would use or recommend an exoskeleton for four potential reasons. Seventeen design features were rated and compared in terms of their importance. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to categorize the 17 design features into meaningful groupings. Content analysis was used to identify themes for the open ended questions regarding reasons for use of an exoskeleton. Results: 481 survey responses were analyzed, 354 from wheelchair users and 127 from healthcare professionals. The most highly rated reason for potential use or recommendation of an exoskeleton was health benefits. Of the design features, 4 had a median rating of very important: minimization of falls risk, comfort, putting on/taking off the device, and purchase cost. Factor analysis identified two main categories of design features: Functional Activities and Technology Characteristics. Qualitative findings indicated that health and physical benefits, use for activity and access reasons, and psychosocial benefits were important considerations in whether to use or recommend an exoskeleton. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of developing future exoskeletons that are comfortable, affordable, minimize fall risk, and enable functional activities. Findings from this study can be utilized to inform the priorities for future development of this technology.
Semantic-embedded Similarity Prototype for Scene Recognition
Creators: name: Song, Chuanxin
name: Wu, Hanbo
name: Ma, Xin
name: Li, Yibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the high inter-class similarity caused by the complex composition and the co-existing objects across scenes, numerous studies have explored object semantic knowledge within scenes to improve scene recognition. However, a resulting challenge emerges as object information extraction techniques require heavy computational costs, thereby burdening the network considerably. This limitation often renders object-assisted approaches incompatible with edge devices in practical deployment. In contrast, this paper proposes a semantic knowledge-based similarity prototype, which can help the scene recognition network achieve superior accuracy without increasing the computational cost in practice. It is simple and can be plug-and-played into existing pipelines. More specifically, a statistical strategy is introduced to depict semantic knowledge in scenes as class-level semantic representations. These representations are used to explore correlations between scene classes, ultimately constructing a similarity prototype. Furthermore, we propose to leverage the similarity prototype to support network training from the perspective of Gradient Label Softening and Batch-level Contrastive Loss, respectively. Comprehensive evaluations on multiple benchmarks show that our similarity prototype enhances the performance of existing networks, all while avoiding any additional computational burden in practical deployments. Code and the statistical similarity prototype will be available at https://github.com/ChuanxinSong/SimilarityPrototype
Novel magnetic topological insulator FeBi$_2$Te$_4$ with controllable topological quantum phase
Creators: name: Guo, Wen-Ti
name: Yang, Ningjing
name: Huang, Zhigao
name: Zhang, Jian-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we report a new intrinsic magnetic topological insulator FeBi$_2$Te$_4$ based on first-principles calculations and it can achieve a rich topological phase under pressure modulation. Without pressure, we predict that both FeBi$_2$Te$_4$ ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders are non-trivial topological insulators. Furthermore, FeBi$_2$Te$_4$ of FM-z order will undergo a series of phase transitions from topological insulator to semimetals and then to trivial insulator under pressure. Finally, we further clarify and verify topological phase transitions with low-energy effective model calculations. This topological phase transition process is attributed to the synergy of the magnetic moment and the spin-orbit coupling. The unique topological properties of FeBi$_2$Te$_4$ will be of great interest in driving the development of quantum effects.
Additional file 5 of Developmental regulation of canonical and small ORF translation from mRNAs
Creators: name: Patraquim, Pedro
name: Mumtaz, Muhammad Ali Shahzad
name: Pueyo, José Ignacio
name: Aspden, Julie Louise
name: Juan-Pablo Couso
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. Review history.
Familiar stranger
Creators: name: Bainbridge, Jason
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Michael Jackson's title as the King of Pop should never be disputed.As innumerable tributes have made clear he was and will remain one of the foremost recording artists in history, by numbers (the 13 Grammy wins, the 13 number one singles and the fact that Thriller remains the all-time best-selling album in the world) and by talent. [Introduction}
The dangers of "small science", technological advancement and the role of academia in relation to public policies,
Creators: name: Pilon, André Francisco
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Business ethics
subject: Research
subject: Environmental policy
subject: Public health
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pandemics in literature

description: Important voices in Science around the world have been warning about the dangers of certain types of research sponsored by business corporations, which promote 'cutting-edge' investigations, generally involving large and lucrative financial investments, to attract those seeking rapid advancement in their careers and journalistic prominence, despite the risks involved. Instead of trying to appease voters, shareholders and politicians with the least disruptive approach possible, genuine systemic change is needed. Scientists and scientific advisers should take every opportunity to come alongside politicians to debate with them in public bodies and media (broadcasting, television and the press) and freely express their opinions on current issues, especially when contaminated by dominant political and economic interests in contradiction to scientific evidence.
Current employment characteristics and career intentions of Lithuanian dentists
Creators: name: Janulyte, Vilija
name: Aleksejuniene, Jolanta
name: Puriene, Alina
name: Peciuliene, Vytaute
name: Benzian, Habib
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: The present survey explored the current employment profile and future career intentions of Lithuanian general dentists and specialists. Methods: A census sampling method was employed with data collected by means of a structured questionnaire that inquired about demographics, different employment-related aspects (practice type and location, working hours, perceived lack of patients, etc.), and future career intentions (intent to emigrate, to change profession, or the timing of retirement). The final response rate was 67.6% corresponding to 2,008 respondents. Results: The majority of all dentists work full or part-time in the private dental sector, more than one third of them owns a private practice or rents a dental chair. A minority of dentists works in the public dental sector. According to the survey, 26.6% of general dentists and 39.2% of dental specialists works overtime (>40 hours per week; P <0.001) and practice in multiple clinics (1.4 ± 0.6 and 2.0 ± 1.2, respectively; P <0.001). One third of general dentists (31.3%) and dental specialists (31.4%) stated to have a low number of patients (P >0.05). The majority (68.9% of general dentists and 65.9% of dental specialists) plans to work after the retirement age (P >0.05). Emigration as an option for their professional career is being considered by 10.8% of general dentists and 8.3% of dental specialists (P >0.05). Working either full or part-time in private practices (OR = 4.3) and younger age (≤35 years; OR = 2.2) are the two strongest predictors for a perceived insufficient number of patients. Conclusions: One third of dentists in Lithuania work long hours and lack patients. Many dentists practice in multiple locations and plan to retire after the official retirement age. Some dentists and dental specialists plan to emigrate. The perceived shortcomings within the dental care system and workforce planning of dentists need to be addressed.
Вестник Российского нового университета серия «Человек в современном мире»,Выпуск 2 2020
Creators: name: Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования «Российский новый университет»
Publisher: name: Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования «Российский новый университет»
Year: 2020

description: Вестник Российского нового университета серия «Человек в современном мире»,Выпуск 2 2020
Efficacy and safety data of subsequent entry biologics pertinent to nephrology practice: a systematic review
Creators: name: Marin, Judith G
name: Leung, Marianna
name: Lo, Clifford
name: Tsao, Nicole W
name: Martinusen, Daniel J
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Subsequent entry biologics (SEBs) may soon be a reality in Canadian nephrology practice. Understanding the worldwide experience with these agents will be valuable to Canadian clinicians. Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety data between SEBs used in nephrology practice and their reference biologic. Design Systematic review. Sources of information Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Patients Adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Our systematic review follows the process outlined by Cochrane Reviews. For efficacy data, all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs and observational trials in nephrology practice were included. For safety data, case series, case reports, review articles in nephrology practice and pharmacovigilance programs were included as well. Results Only epoetin SEBs trials were published in the literature. Ten studies involving three different epoetin SEBs (epoetin zeta, HX575 and epoetin theta) were included. The mean epoetin dose used did not differ significantly between the SEBs and the reference product. For epoetin zeta and epoetin theta, the mean hemoglobin levels achieved in the studies were similar between the SEBs and the reference epoetin. The HX 575 studies reported a mean absolute change in hemoglobin within the predefined equivalence margin, when compared with the reference biologic. In terms of safety data, 2 cases of pure-red-cell aplasia were linked to the subcutaneous administration of HX 575. Otherwise, the rate of adverse drug reactions was similar when epoetin SEBs were compared with the reference biologic. Limitations Our analysis is limited by the paucity of information available on SEB use in nephrology with the exception of epoetin SEBs. Methodological flaw was found in one of the epoetin zeta studies which accounted for 45% of pooled results. Conclusions Little clinical difference was found between epoetin SEBs and the reference product. Although not deemed clinically important, the financial implication of a possible dose difference between epoetin zeta and reference product should be considered in pharmacoeconomic studies. Ongoing trials are expected to address the risk of pure-red-cell aplasia with HX 575.
Picture this: mobile camera phones and family photography
Creators: name: Gye, Lisa
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: That the compositing of camera and mobile phone has proven to be highly popular should come as no surprise to anyone interested in both the history of mobility and the history of photography. [1] As media archaeologist Errki Huhtamo recently asserted, the first mobile medium proper was amateur photography (Huhtamo, website, 2004). An examination of the correspondences between the reception and promotion of early amateur photography and the current fascination with (and revulsion of) mobile camera phone practices is instructive in terms of trying to understand our contemporary moment. In particular, the long association between amateur or snapshot photography and the family appears to be rapidly extending itself to the mobile camera phone. Camera phone marketing is awash with images of children, pets, family events and ritualised personal experiences. This raises a couple of interesting questions that this paper will seek to address. Firstly, what impact will camera phone imaging have, if any, on the existing practices of capturing, collecting and the distribution of family photographs? And secondly, how does the promotion of the family as a legitimate subject for mobile camera photography play out against the increasingly hysterical response to the use of mobile camera phones in public spaces?
CAGE-defined promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome
Creators: name: Vitezic, Morana
name: Bertin, Nicolas
name: Andersson, Robin
name: Lipovich, Leonard
name: Kawaji, Hideya
name: Lassmann, Timo
name: Sandelin, Albin
name: Heutink, Peter
name: Goldowitz, D.
name: Ha, Thomas
name: Zhang, Peter
name: Patrizi, Annarita
name: Fagiolini, Michela
name: Forrest, Alistair R.
name: Carninci, Piero
name: Saxena, Alka
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Mutations in three functionally diverse genes cause Rett Syndrome. Although the functions of Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1), Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) and Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) have been studied individually, not much is known about their relation to each other with respect to expression levels and regulatory regions. Here we analyzed data from hundreds of mouse and human samples included in the FANTOM5 project, to identify transcript initiation sites, expression levels, expression correlations and regulatory regions of the three genes. Results Our investigations reveal the predominantly used transcription start sites (TSSs) for each gene including novel transcription start sites for FOXG1. We show that FOXG1 expression is poorly correlated with the expression of MECP2 and CDKL5. We identify promoter shapes for each TSS, the predicted location of enhancers for each gene and the common transcription factors likely to regulate the three genes. Our data imply Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) mediated silencing of Foxg1 in cerebellum. Conclusions Our analyses provide a comprehensive picture of the regulatory regions of the three genes involved in Rett Syndrome.
Reviving the Wild life: The Role of Captive Breeding in Conservation
Creators: name: Reviving the Wild life: The Role of Captive Breeding in Conservation
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Captive breeding is a critical conservation strategy used to prevent the extinction of endangered species by breeding them in controlled environments, such as zoos, wildlife reserves, and specialized breeding centers. This approach allows for population growth and genetic management in species that face severe threats in the wild, such as habitat loss, poaching, and environmental changes. While captive breeding has achieved notable successes, such as the recovery of species like the California condor and the Arabian oryx, it is not without challenges. These include maintaining genetic diversity, ensuring the animals retain their natural behaviors, and developing effective reintroduction strategies. Moreover, captive breeding must be integrated with broader conservation efforts, including habitat protection and restoration, to ensure long-term species survival. This abstract explores the benefits, challenges, and essential considerations of captive breeding as a tool for wildlife conservation.
The Socioemotional Foundations of Suicide : A Microsociological View of Durkheim's Suicide
Creators: name: Abrutyn, Seth
name: Mueller, Anna S.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Durkheim’s theory of suicide remains one of the quintessential “classic” theories in sociology. Since the 1960s and 1970s, however, it has been challenged by numerous theoretical concerns and empirical dilemmas, particularly the large number of cases that do not appear to fit Durkheim’s general model. The paper below elaborates Durkheim’s macro-level typology of suicide by sketching out the socioemotional structure of suicide that undergirds why social integration and moral regulation matter to suicidality. Beginning with Durkheim’s own insights on the Individual Forms of suicide, we integrate social psychological, psychological, and psychiatric advances in emotions and argue that (1) egoistic, or attachment-based suicides, are driven primarily by sadness/hopelessness, (2) anomic/fatalistic, or regulative suicides, are driven by shame, and (3) mixed-types exist and are useful for developing a more robust and complex multi-level model of suicide that highlights the experience of multiple aspects of social reality.
Dynamical heterogeneity and universality of power-grids
Creators: name: Hartmann, Bálint
name: Ódor, Géza
name: Papp, István
name: Benedek, Kristóf
name: Deng, Shengfeng
name: Kelling, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While weak, tuned asymmetry can improve, strong heterogeneity destroys synchronization in the electric power system. We study the level of heterogeneity, by comparing large high voltage (HV) power-grids of Europe and North America. We provide an analysis of power capacities and loads of various energy sources from the databases and found heavy tailed distributions with similar characteristics. Graph topological measures, community structures also exhibit strong similarities, while the cable admittance distributions can be well fitted with the same power-laws (PL), related to the length distributions. The community detection analysis shows the level of synchronization in different domains of the European HV power grids, by solving a set of swing equations. We provide numerical evidence for frustrated synchronization and Chimera states and point out the relation of topology and level of synchronization in the subsystems. We also provide empirical data analysis of the frequency heterogeneities within the Hungarian HV network and find q-Gaussian distributions related to super-statistics of time-lagged fluctuations, which agree well with former results on the Nordic Grid.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
Theory of Fractionally-magnetized Quantum Ferromagnet
Creators: name: Maruyama, Isao
name: Miyahara, Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory to realize entangled quantum spin states with fractional magnetization. The origin of magnetization reduction is partly emergent antiferromagnetism, that is, spin-liquefaction of ferromagnetism. We study a ferromagnetic bilinear coupling region of the spin-$S$ $({\geqq} 1)$ bilinear-biquadratic spin chain based on (i) a rigorous eigenstate correspondence between the spin-$S$ model and spin-$\frac12$ model and (ii) a numerical exact-diagonalization calculation up to $S=3$. As a result, we obtain a fractional magnetized $M=1-1/(2S)$ phase, where ground states have quantum entanglement-reflecting corresponding spin-$\frac12$ antiferromagnetic ground states in a ferromagnetic background. This spin-liquefaction theory of ferromagnets can be generalized to any-dimensional lattices even under a magnetic field. This fractional ferromagnetism opens the new research field of quantum ferromagnets.
Breaking the Interference and Fading Gridlock in Backscatter Communications: State-of-the-Art, Design Challenges, and Future Directions
Creators: name: Gu, Bowen
name: Li, Dong
name: Ding, Haiyang
name: Wang, Gongpu
name: Tellambura, Chintha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the Internet of Things (IoT) advances by leaps and bounds, a multitude of devices are becoming interconnected, marking the onset of an era where all things are connected. While this growth opens up opportunities for novel products and applications, it also leads to increased energy demand and battery reliance for IoT devices, creating a significant bottleneck that hinders sustainable progress. At this juncture, backscatter communication (BackCom), as a low-power and passive communication method, emerges as one of the promising solutions to this energy impasse by reducing the manufacturing costs and energy consumption of IoT devices. However, BackCom systems face challenges such as complex interference environments, including direct link interference (DLI) and mutual interference (MI) between tags, which can severely disrupt the efficiency of BackCom networks. Moreover, double-path fading is another major issue that leads to the degraded system performance. To fully unleash the potential of BackComs, the purpose of this paper is to furnish a comprehensive review of existing solutions with a focus on combatting these specific interference challenges and overcoming dual-path fading, offering an insightful analysis and comparison of various strategies for effectively mitigating these issues. Specifically, we begin by introducing the preliminaries for the BackCom, including its history, operating mechanisms, main architectures, etc, providing a foundational understanding of the field. Then, we delve into fundamental issues related to BackCom systems, such as solutions for the DLI, the MI, and the double-path fading. This paper thoroughly provides state-of-the-art advances for each case, particularly highlighting how the latest innovations in theoretical approaches and system design can strategically address these challenges.
A Phenomenological Approach to Interactive Knot Diagrams
Creators: name: Finke, Lennart
name: Weitz, Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knot diagrams are among the most common visual tools in topology. Computer programs now make it possible to draw, manipulate and render them digitally, which proves to be useful in knot theory teaching and research. Still, an openly available tool to manipulate knot diagrams in a real-time, interactive way is yet to be developed. We introduce a method of operating on the geometry of the knot diagram itself without any underlying three-dimensional structure that can underpin such an application. This allows us to directly interact with vector graphics knot diagrams while at the same time computing knot invariants in ways proposed by previous work. An implementation of this method is provided.
The Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive (IMPACT) : Active surveillance for vaccine adverse events and vaccine-preventable diseases
Creators: name: Bettinger, Julie A.
name: Halperin, Scott A.
name: Vaudry, Wendy
name: Law, B. J.
name: Scheifele, David W.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: For almost 25 years the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive (IMPACT) has been conducting active surveillance for severe adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) and vaccine-preventable diseases in children. The network, which consists of volunteer paediatric infectious diseases investigators at 12 tertiary care paediatric hospitals, is an important component of Canada’s AEFI monitoring. The network employs nurses at each of the sites to search for and report possible AEFIs to local, provincial and national public health authorities. The active nature of the surveillance ensures a high level of vigilance for severe AEFIs in children.
Investigation of voltage quality and distribution capacity issues on long rural three phase distribution lines supplying SWER systems
Creators: name: Mayer, Jason
name: Hosseinzadeh, Nasser
name: Wolfs, Peter
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Single wire earth return (SWER) electric distribution feeders are used extensively in remote parts of Queensland and other states, as an economic means to deliver electrical energy to small customer loads, scattered sparsely over vast areas. These SWER systems are normally supplied from very long (>100 km) three phase distribution feeders. Due to recent strong load growth, voltage quality issues have arisen in these systems including voltage regulation, voltage unbalance, and phase unbalance. Excessive system power losses are also experienced. There are several available methods to combat these issues; however, some have not been applied to this type of distribution system before. Developing simple, economic solutions to these problems is likely to dramatically improve customer power quality, resulting in reduced customer complaints, whilst improving distribution capacity and reducing losses. The emphasis of this research project is the power system modelling to assess available technologies applied to this type of distribution system. The project is being undertaken in conjunction with Ergon Energy Corporation in Central Queensland so that real field data can be used to validate theoretical models.
Constraining broad photon spectrum injections from exotic and astrophysical sources
Creators: name: Acharya, Sandeep Kumar
name: Cyr, Bryce
name: Chluba, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of photon injections with a power-law type spectrum inserted at various epochs of the universe, and obtain constraints on their parameter space from multiple different cosmological probes. Our work is motivated by the realistic possibility of having extended photon spectra from astrophysical and exotic sources. Going beyond a $δ$-function like approximation, the physics becomes richer and the constraining power of cosmological probes starts to depend on the photon injection history in a complex way. As a toy model, we first consider a decaying particle scenario, and then generalize to a more model independent power law type injection in redshift. Different combinations of our parameters can be mapped to a wide variety of realistic astrophysical and exotic sources, providing useful benchmarks for study in future work.
description: Comments welcome
Open Sesame! Universal Black Box Jailbreaking of Large Language Models
Creators: name: Lapid, Raz
name: Langberg, Ron
name: Sipper, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs), designed to provide helpful and safe responses, often rely on alignment techniques to align with user intent and social guidelines. Unfortunately, this alignment can be exploited by malicious actors seeking to manipulate an LLM's outputs for unintended purposes. In this paper we introduce a novel approach that employs a genetic algorithm (GA) to manipulate LLMs when model architecture and parameters are inaccessible. The GA attack works by optimizing a universal adversarial prompt that -- when combined with a user's query -- disrupts the attacked model's alignment, resulting in unintended and potentially harmful outputs. Our novel approach systematically reveals a model's limitations and vulnerabilities by uncovering instances where its responses deviate from expected behavior. Through extensive experiments we demonstrate the efficacy of our technique, thus contributing to the ongoing discussion on responsible AI development by providing a diagnostic tool for evaluating and enhancing alignment of LLMs with human intent. To our knowledge this is the first automated universal black box jailbreak attack.
description: Accepted at SeT-LLM @ ICLR 2024
title: Thermal modeling, analysis of MUN CSF building, and feasibility study of space heating using electricity
Creators: name: Liyanage, Chamila Jayanuwan
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Globally, buildings represent 30% of total energy demand, and in Canada, they contribute 25% to final energy consumption, predominantly in space heating, constituting about 60% of this consumption. This underscores a substantial opportunity for significant energy and cost savings. While many buildings are transitioning to electric heating for efficiency and cost-effectiveness, a thorough analysis, considering technological and financial aspects, is essential to explore the outcomes of such transitions. The current study focuses on the Core Science Facility at Memorial University, evaluating the feasibility of transitioning to electric resistive heating. Initial steps involve scrutinizing 2022 energy data, comparing it with similar buildings, and performing a calculation to gauge potential savings based on existing tariffs and transition costs. Subsequent phases include creating a thermal energy model using Energy3D and conducting a feasibility analysis with RETScreen Expert. OpenStudio is then utilized to develop a Building Energy Model for a comprehensive assessment of the transition's advantages. The final step extends this model to analyze the transition's impact under a potential future switch from a flat rate to a time-of-use electricity tariff in Newfoundland. The Core Science Facility’s current energy consumption exceeds the national median for university buildings. Transitioning to electric resistive heating, akin to current rates, can yield energy cost savings. A RETScreen feasibility study forecasts substantial annual cost reductions compared to 2022 data. The OpenStudio-derived Building Energy Model indicates additional energy savings. However, analysis of Time of Use and Flat Rate tariffs suggests potential benefits may not be realized. Comprehensive surveys covering occupancy, electricity usage, operational schedules, and construction details can enhance the energy model's accuracy. Further improvements can identify energy-saving measures and optimize operational strategies for the building.
Analyzing and Comparing Omicron Lineage Variants Protein-Protein Interaction Network using Centrality Measure
Creators: name: Das, Mamata
name: K., Selvakumar
name: Alphonse, P. J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Worldwide spread of the Omicron lineage variants has now been confirmed. It is crucial to understand the process of cellular life and to discover new drugs need to identify the important proteins in a protein interaction network (PPIN). PPINs are often represented by graphs in bioinformatics, which describe cell processes. There are some proteins that have significant influences on these tissues, and which play a crucial role in regulating them. The discovery of new drugs is aided by the study of significant proteins. These significant proteins can be found by reducing the graph and using graph analysis. Studies examining protein interactions in the Omicron lineage (B.1.1.529) and its variants (BA.5, BA.4, BA.3, BA.2, BA.1.1, BA.1) are not yet available. Studying Omicron has been intended to find a significant protein. 68 nodes represent 68 proteins and 52 edges represent the relationship among the protein in the network. A few entrality measures are computed namely page rank centrality (PRC), degree centrality (DC), closeness centrality (CC), and betweenness centrality (BC) together with node degree and Local Clustering Co-efficient (LCC). We also discover 18 network clusters using Markov clustering. 8 significant proteins (candidate gene of Omicron lineage variants) were detected among the 68 proteins, including AHSG, KCNK1, KCNQ1, MAPT, NR1H4, PSMC2, PTPN11 and, UBE21 which scored the highest among the Omicron proteins. It is found that in the variant of Omicron protein-protein interaction networks, the MAPT protein's impact is the most significant.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, SN Computer Science
Book review: Cinema and social change in Germany and Austria edited by Gabrielle Mueller and James M. Skidmore
Creators: name: Frackman, Kyle
Publisher: name: Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2015

description: This item is a critical review of Mueller, Gabrielle, and James M. Skidmore, eds. Cinema and Social Change in Germany and Austria. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2012. 302 pages. ISBN 978-1-55458-225-9.
title: Gravity Missions at The Center for Space Research: 22+ years of Scientific Discoveries and Expanding Societal Applications
Creators: name: Ries, John C.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth science

description: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission is a partnership between NASA and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). GRACE-FO is a successor to the original GRACE mission, which orbited Earth from 2002-2017. GRACE-FO carries on the extremely successful work of its predecessor and is testing a new laser interferometry technology. For over 20 years researchers at The University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Space Research (CSR) have been “Weighing the Earth” from Outer Space with the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions. The GRACE mission, which started as a gravity measuring mission, has evolved into a tool for climate study in which the mass movement in and between the Earth system components has been recognized as a critical element. Estimates of variations in the total land water storage from GRACE have illuminated patterns in the water cycle that arise from natural climate variability and from human water consumption. A wide variety of hydrological processes continue to be observed globally from the tropics to the polar latitudes. Recent advances in the methods for assimilating GRACE data into hydrological models have also facilitated the overall GRACE contributions to hydrometeorology. The GRACE Mission data provides new insights into the evolution of the Earth’s climate system by providing global mass change measurements at spatial resolution scales from 300 km to global and time scales from 30 days through the interannual and secular. The mass change measurements are recognized as a key component of NASA’s climate measurement capability. This presentation summarizes the ground-breaking science results and climate studies enabled by these missions. The Texas Advanced Computing Center ITACC) has been an important factor in the success of the scientific research. TACC has provided us with compute and storage resources over 10 generations of super-computers.
Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Jumping Monopods
Creators: name: Bussola, Riccardo
name: Focchi, Michele
name: Del Prete, Andrea
name: Fontanelli, Daniele
name: Palopoli, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we consider the complex control problem of making a monopod reach a target with a jump. The monopod can jump in any direction and the terrain underneath its foot can be uneven. This is a template of a much larger class of problems, which are extremely challenging and computationally expensive to solve using standard optimisation-based techniques. Reinforcement Learning (RL) could be an interesting alternative, but the application of an end-to-end approach in which the controller must learn everything from scratch, is impractical. The solution advocated in this paper is to guide the learning process within an RL framework by injecting physical knowledge. This expedient brings to widespread benefits, such as a drastic reduction of the learning time, and the ability to learn and compensate for possible errors in the low-level controller executing the motion. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach with respect to both optimization-based and end-to-end RL approaches.
title: Deep Learning Approaches for Time Series Forecasting of NICU Heart Rate Data
Creators: name: Qi, Kangsheng
name: Chang, Joshua
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational medicine
subject: clinical informatics

description: Preterm infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation, account for around one in ten births in the United States. Preterm infants face a higher risk of health issues, such as infections, neurological issues, and cardiovascular diseases. These infants are often admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for close monitoring and support. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of non-invasive data, such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), in developing early warning systems for preterm infants. In this study, we evaluated top-performing deep learning models, identified based on the results of a previous benchmark, using NICU heart rate data to determine the best current model. We then investigated various data pre-processing techniques to quantify their impact on model performance. Additionally, we examined both traditional and novel loss functions to increase HR forecasting accuracy. We determined NHiTS and LSTM to be the best performing models. We found that scaling the data or applying a moving average window had no significant impact on forecasting performance. These findings highlight the potential of integrating deep learning techniques into clinical forecasting for preterm infants.
title: UT-MeteoGAN: A Next-Generation AI Model for High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction
Creators: name: Singh, Manmeet
name: Sudharsan, Naveen
name: Kamath, Harsh
name: S.B., Vaisakh
name: Dashtian, Hassan
name: Chavoshi, Arya
name: Fonner, John
name: Daswon, Clint
name: Young, Michael
name: Yang, Zong-Liang
name: Niyogi, Dev
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Climate science

description: We introduce UT-MeteoGAN, a cutting-edge, AI-driven model for high-resolution numerical weather prediction. UT-MeteoGAN enhances prediction accuracy and resolution by transitioning from Super Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks to the Swin Transformer, leveraging adversarial loss to refine its outputs. The model integrates data assimilation techniques, directly incorporating station observations into the training process, which significantly boosts forecast reliability. By utilizing a global model as input and targeting high-resolution gridded ground truth observations, UT-MeteoGAN excels in generating high-resolution gridded products, even in the absence of detailed high-resolution data. We conducted a comprehensive case study over the continental United States, when UT-MeteoGAN provided 36-hour lead forecasts at 1-km spatial and 1-hour temporal resolution. The global model Graphcast served as the input, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Analysis of Record for Calibration (AORC) as the high-resolution target and NOAA’s Global Historical Climatological Network hourly (GHCNh) for station observations. UT-MeteoGAN consistently delivered forecasts that were comparable to or exceeded those of other models, offering rapid predictions with high accuracy. The development and operational deployment of UT-MeteoGAN are supported by the advanced NVIDIA H100 GPUs available through the Texas Advanced Computing Center. UT-MeteoGAN represents a significant advancement in numerical weather prediction, providing a robust and scalable solution for precise and timely weather forecasts. Its successful application in the continental United States case study highlights its potential for broader adoption in meteorological forecasting.
title: Towards Adaptive Selection of Directions in Unconstrained, Deterministic Derivative-Free Optimization
Creators: name: Llamas, Marissa
name: Bollapragada, Raghu
name: Karamanli, Cem
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization

description: Optimization algorithms are a pillar for machine learning and its practical applications. Training classification models have been computationally expensive, primarily due to the high dimensionality of problems and the absence of gradient information. In this project, we will design, develop, and analyze scalable derivative free optimization algorithms (DFO) with applications for training large scale classification tasks. Our approach involves an adaptive sampling technique using parallel processing, and we test the success of these algorithms on the mushroom dataset. Our objectives include minimizing iteration costs, enhancing the speed of the algorithm, and testing for convergence. Our approach is facilitated by the Frontera supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center.
Witt invariants of Weyl groups
Creators: name: Blanks, Tamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12G05, 11E04

description: We describe the Witt invariants of a Weyl group over a field $k_0$ by giving generators for the $W(k_0)$-module of Witt invariants, under the assumption that the characteristic of $k_0$ does not divide the order of the group. For the Weyl groups of types $B_n$, $C_n$, $D_n$, and $G_2$, we show that the Witt invariants are generated as a $W(k_0)$-algebra by trace forms and their exterior powers, extending a result due to Serre in type $A_n$. Many of our computational methods are applicable to computing Witt invariants of any smooth linear algebraic group over $k_0$, including a technique for lifting module generators from cohomological invariants to Witt invariants.
description: 21 pages. Lemma 3.5 was added to simplify the assumptions on $k_0$ in Theorems 5.4 and 5.6
Earthquake-like dynamics in ultrathin magnetic film
Creators: name: Durin, Gianfranco
name: Schimmenti, Vincenzo Maria
name: Baiesi, Marco
name: Casiraghi, Arianna
name: Magni, Alessandro
name: Herrera-Diez, Liza
name: Ravelosona, Dafiné
name: Foini, Laura
name: Rosso, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the motion of a domain wall on an ultrathin magnetic film using the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). At tiny magnetic fields, the wall creeps only via thermal activation over the pinning centers present in the sample. Our results show that this creep dynamics is highly intermittent and correlated. A localized instability triggers a cascade, akin to aftershocks following a large earthquake, where the pinned wall undergoes large reorganizations in a compact active region for a few seconds. Surprisingly, the size and shape of these reorganizations display the same scale-free statistics of the depinning avalanches in agreement with the quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures