cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Model Incorporating Auxiliary Covariates to Control FDR
Creators: name: Qiu, Lin
name: Murrugarra-Llerena, Nils
name: Silva, Vítor
name: Lin, Lin
name: Chinchilli, Vernon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Controlling False Discovery Rate (FDR) while leveraging the side information of multiple hypothesis testing is an emerging research topic in modern data science. Existing methods rely on the test-level covariates while ignoring metrics about test-level covariates. This strategy may not be optimal for complex large-scale problems, where indirect relations often exist among test-level covariates and auxiliary metrics or covariates. We incorporate auxiliary covariates among test-level covariates in a deep Black-Box framework controlling FDR (named as NeurT-FDR) which boosts statistical power and controls FDR for multiple-hypothesis testing. Our method parametrizes the test-level covariates as a neural network and adjusts the auxiliary covariates through a regression framework, which enables flexible handling of high-dimensional features as well as efficient end-to-end optimization. We show that NeurT-FDR makes substantially more discoveries in three real datasets compared to competitive baselines.
description: Short Version of NeurT-FDR, accepted at CIKM 2022. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.09809
title: Ain Gaystlich Lied, darinn was zu aim waren vnd rechtschaffen Christlichen Leben vo[n] nötten gehörig, vnnd begriffen ist; [ca. 1545]
title: in des Berners Thon zu singen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Druckjahr im VD16 Grundwerk fälschlich: 1544
First results from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array: the apparent lack of a stellar halo in the massive spiral galaxy M101
Creators: name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Abraham, Roberto
name: Merritt, Allison
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a new telescope concept, the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, to study the low surface brightness outskirts of the spiral galaxy M101. The radial surface brightness profile is measured down to mu_g ~ 32 mag/arcsec^2, a depth that approaches the sensitivity of star count studies in the Local Group. We convert surface brightness to surface mass density using the radial g-r color profile. The mass density profile shows no significant upturn at large radius and is well-approximated by a simple bulge + disk model out to R = 70 kpc, corresponding to 18 disk scale lengths. Fitting a bulge + disk + halo model we find that the best-fitting halo mass M_halo ~ 1.7 x 10^8 M_sun. The total stellar mass of M101 is M_tot,* ~ 5.3 x 10^10 Msun, and we infer that the halo mass fraction f_halo = M_halo / M_tot,* ~ 0.003. This mass fraction is lower than that of the Milky Way (f_halo ~ 0.02) and M31 (f_halo ~ 0.04). All three galaxies fall below the f_halo - M_tot,* relation predicted by recent cosmological simulations that trace the light of disrupted satellites, with M101's halo mass a factor of ~10 below the median expectation. However, the predicted scatter in this relation is large, and more galaxies are needed to better quantify this possible tension with galaxy formation models. Dragonfly is well suited for this project: as integrated-light surface brightness is independent of distance, large numbers of galaxies can be studied in a uniform way.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Event Location and Vagueness
Creators: name: Varzi, Achille C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Logic

description: That our event talk is vague is no news. Unlike facts, events are particulars located in space and time. But in ordinary circumstances it is utterly difficult, if not impossible, to specify the exact extent of the relevant spatiotemporal location. We say that Brutus stabbed Caesar and we intend to refer to an event — Brutus’s stabbing of Caesar—that took place at a certain time in a certain place. It took place in the Senate (not in the Coliseum) during the Ides of March (not April) in Rome, 44 BC. But where exactly in the Senate did this event take place? Did it spread only through Brutus and Caesar? Did it spread through their entire bodies? (Was Brutus’s left ear involved at all in this event?) Did it also spread through some space between them? Through what portion of space? And when exactly on March 15 did the killing begin? When exactly did it end? We don’t think the difficulty here is purely epistemic, as if it were just a matter of ignoring the facts. It’s not that there is this event, Brutus’s killing of Caesar, that has perfectly precise and yet unknown spatiotemporal boundaries, boundaries that historians have not been able (and will never be able) to locate.
It’s not that such events as the industrial revolution, the discovery of penicillin, or World War II have  precise and unknown spatiotemporal boundaries whose location eschews us. The indeterminacy here is not epistemic, or so we claim. Does it follow that the indeterminacy is ontological—that events such as these have fuzzy spatial or temporal boundaries? We don’t think so, either.
title: Reducing the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity and mental health
Creators: name: Ambrosio Gutierrez, Leire
name: Portillo, Mari Carmen
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19, physical activity, Mental health

description: The sudden and enforced mass migration of office workers to working from home during the pandemic provided a unique opportunity to follow employers and employees as they adapted to new challenges. The briefing document will be of particular use to directors of human resources, directors of strategy, agile working leads, CEOs, and policy communities. Work After Lockdown is a major cross-institutional research project led by University of Southampton, funded by the Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC), as part of UK Research & Innovation's rapid response to COVID-19.
Submicrosecond-timescale readout of carbon nanotube mechanical motion
Creators: name: Meerwaldt, H. B.
name: Johnston, S. R.
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
name: Steele, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report fast readout of the motion of a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator. A close-proximity high electron mobility transistor amplifier is used to increase the bandwidth of the measurement of nanotube displacements from the kHz to the MHz regime. Using an electrical detection scheme with the nanotube acting as a mixer, we detect the amplitude of its mechanical motion at room temperature with an intermediate frequency of 6 MHz and a timeconstant of 780 ns, both up to five orders of magnitude faster than achieved before. The transient response of the mechanical motion indicates a ring-down time faster than our enhanced time resolution, placing an upper bound on the contribution of energy relaxation processes to the room temperature mechanical quality factor.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Enabling Deep Learning on Edge Devices
Creators: name: Qu, Zhongnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have succeeded in many different perception tasks, e.g., computer vision, natural language processing, reinforcement learning, etc. The high-performed DNNs heavily rely on intensive resource consumption. For example, training a DNN requires high dynamic memory, a large-scale dataset, and a large number of computations (a long training time); even inference with a DNN also demands a large amount of static storage, computations (a long inference time), and energy. Therefore, state-of-the-art DNNs are often deployed on a cloud server with a large number of super-computers, a high-bandwidth communication bus, a shared storage infrastructure, and a high power supplement. Recently, some new emerging intelligent applications, e.g., AR/VR, mobile assistants, Internet of Things, require us to deploy DNNs on resource-constrained edge devices. Compare to a cloud server, edge devices often have a rather small amount of resources. To deploy DNNs on edge devices, we need to reduce the size of DNNs, i.e., we target a better trade-off between resource consumption and model accuracy. In this dissertation, we studied four edge intelligence scenarios, i.e., Inference on Edge Devices, Adaptation on Edge Devices, Learning on Edge Devices, and Edge-Server Systems, and developed different methodologies to enable deep learning in each scenario. Since current DNNs are often over-parameterized, our goal is to find and reduce the redundancy of the DNNs in each scenario.
description: PhD thesis at ETH Zurich
Cofree Hopf algebras on Hopf bimodule algebras
Creators: name: Fang, Xin
name: Jian, Run-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate a Hopf algebra structure on the cotensor coalgebra associated to a Hopf bimodule algebra which contains universal version of Clifford algebras and quantum groups as examples. It is shown to be the bosonization of the quantum quasi-shuffle algebra built on the space of its right coinvariants. The universal property and a Rota-Baxter algebra structure are established on this new algebra.
description: 20 pages
How mistimed and unwanted pregnancies affect timing of antenatal care initiation in three districts in Tanzania
Creators: name: Pemba, Senga
name: Phillips, James F.
name: Mbaruku, Godfrey
name: Exavery, Amon
name: Kante, Almamy Malick
name: Hingora, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Public health

description: Background: Early antenatal care (ANC) initiation is a doorway to early detection and management of potential complications associated with pregnancy. Although the literature reports various factors associated with ANC initiation such as parity and age, pregnancy intentions is yet to be recognized as a possible predictor of timing of ANC initiation. Methods: Data originate from a cross-sectional household survey on health behaviour and service utilization patterns. The survey was conducted in 2011 in Rufiji, Kilombero and Ulanga districts in Tanzania on 3,127 women from whom 910 of reproductive age who had given birth in the past two years and sought ANC at least once during pregnancy were selected for the current analysis. ANC initiation was considered to be early only if it occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy gestation. A recently completed pregnancy was defined as mistimed if a woman wanted it later, and if she did not want it at all the pregnancy was termed as unwanted. Chi-square was used to test for associations and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine how mistimed and unwanted pregnancies relate with timing of ANC initiation. Results: Although 49.3% of the women intended to become pregnant, 50.7% (34.9% mistimed and 15.8% unwanted) became pregnant unintentionally. While ANC initiation in the 1st trimester was 18.5%, so was 71.7% and 9.9% in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that ANC initiation in the 2nd trimester was 1.68 (95% CI 1.10–2.58) and 2.00 (95% CI 1.05–3.82) times more likely for mistimed and unwanted pregnancies respectively compared to intended pregnancies. These estimates rose to 2.81 (95% CI 1.41–5.59) and 4.10 (95% CI 1.68–10.00) respectively in the 3rd trimester. We controlled for gravidity, age, education, household wealth, marital status, religion, district of residence and travel time to a health facility. Conclusion: Late ANC initiation is a significant maternal and child health consequence of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies in Tanzania. Women should be empowered to delay or avoid pregnancies whenever they need to do so. Appropriate counseling to women, especially those who happen to conceive unintentionally is needed to minimize the possibility of delaying ANC initiation.
Precursors prior to Type IIn supernova explosions are common: precursor rates, properties, and correlations
Creators: name: Ofek, E. O.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Shaviv, N. J.
name: Steinbok, A.
name: Arcavi, I.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Tal, D.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Nugent, P. E.
name: Ben-Ami, S.
name: Kasliwal, M. M.
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Laher, R.
name: Surace, J.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Yaron, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a growing number of supernovae (SNe), mainly of Type IIn, which present an outburst prior to their presumably final explosion. These precursors may affect the SN display, and are likely related to some poorly charted phenomena in the final stages of stellar evolution. Here we present a sample of 16 SNe IIn for which we have Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) observations obtained prior to the SN explosion. By coadding these images taken prior to the explosion in time bins, we search for precursor events. We find five Type IIn SNe that likely have at least one possible precursor event, three of which are reported here for the first time. For each SN we calculate the control time. Based on this analysis we find that precursor events among SNe IIn are common: at the one-sided 99% confidence level, more than 50% of SNe IIn have at least one pre-explosion outburst that is brighter than absolute magnitude -14, taking place up to 1/3 yr prior to the SN explosion. The average rate of such precursor events during the year prior to the SN explosion is likely larger than one per year, and fainter precursors are possibly even more common. We also find possible correlations between the integrated luminosity of the precursor, and the SN total radiated energy, peak luminosity, and rise time. These correlations are expected if the precursors are mass-ejection events, and the early-time light curve of these SNe is powered by interaction of the SN shock and ejecta with optically thick circumstellar material.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures, submitted to ApJ
Towards thermodynamics with $N_f=2+1+1$ twisted mass quarks
Creators: name: Burger, Florian
name: Hotzel, Grit
name: Müller-Preussker, Michael
name: Ilgenfritz, Ernst-Michael
name: Lombardo, Maria Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results achieved within a recently started project dealing with QCD thermodynamics in the presence of a fully dynamical second quark family. We are employing the Wilson twisted mass discretization. To reduce the amount of zero temperature simulations and the cost of analysis we have chosen the fixed-scale approach. We show a variety of basic thermodynamic observables for temperatures ranging from 158 to 633 MeV. Simulations were performed for three lattice spacings below 0.1 fm each and at a single value of the pion mass which allows a comparison with previously obtained $N_f=2$ results. We determine the chiral crossover temperature from the bare chiral susceptibility and show results for the gauge part of the trace anomaly.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LATTICE 2013
The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign: The Frequency of Planets around Young Moving Group Stars
Creators: name: Biller, Beth A.
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Wahhaj, Zahed
name: Nielsen, Eric L.
name: Hayward, Thomas L.
name: Males, Jared R.
name: Skemer, Andrew
name: Close, Laird M.
name: Chun, Mark
name: Ftaclas, Christ
name: Clarke, Fraser
name: Thatte, Niranjan
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya L.
name: Reid, I. Neill
name: Hartung, Markus
name: Boss, Alan
name: Lin, Douglas
name: Alencar, Silvia H. P.
name: Pino, Elisabete de Gouveia Dal
name: Gregorio-Hetem, Jane
name: Toomey, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of a direct imaging survey for giant planets around 80 members of the Beta Pic, TW Hya, Tucana-Horologium, AB Dor, and Hercules-Lyra moving groups, observed as part of the Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign. For this sample, we obtained median contrasts of ΔH=13.9 mag at 1" in combined CH4 narrowband ADI+SDI mode and median contrasts of ΔH=15.1 mag at 2" in H-band ADI mode. We found numerous (>70) candidate companions in our survey images. Some of these candidates were rejected as common-proper motion companions using archival data; we reobserved with NICI all other candidates that lay within 400 AU of the star and were not in dense stellar fields. The vast majority of candidate companions were confirmed as background objects from archival observations and/or dedicated NICI campaign followup. Four co-moving companions of brown dwarf or stellar mass were discovered in this moving group sample: PZ Tel B (36+-6 MJup, 16.4+-1.0 AU, Biller et al. 2010), CD -35 2722B (31+-8 MJup, 67+-4 AU, Wahhaj et al. 2011), HD 12894B (0.46+-0.08 MSun, 15.7+-1.0 AU), and BD+07 1919C (0.20+-0.03 MSun, 12.5+-1.4 AU). From a Bayesian analysis of the achieved H band ADI and ASDI contrasts, using power-law models of planet distributions and hot-start evolutionary models, we restrict the frequency of 1--20 MJup companions at semi-major axes from 10--150 AU to <18% at a 95.4% confidence level using DUSTY models and to <6% at a 95.4% using COND models.
description: 96 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A spectral synthesis code for rapid modelling of supernovae
Creators: name: Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E.
name: Sim, Stuart A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present TARDIS - an open-source code for rapid spectral modelling of supernovae (SNe). Our goal is to develop a tool that is sufficiently fast to allow exploration of the complex parameter spaces of models for SN ejecta. This can be used to analyse the growing number of high-quality SN spectra being obtained by transient surveys. The code uses Monte Carlo methods to obtain a self-consistent description of the plasma state and to compute a synthetic spectrum. It has a modular design to facilitate the implementation of a range of physical approximations that can be compared to asses both accuracy and computational expediency. This will allow users to choose a level of sophistication appropriate for their application. Here, we describe the operation of the code and make comparisons with alternative radiative transfer codes of differing levels of complexity (SYN++, PYTHON, and ARTIS). We then explore the consequence of adopting simple prescriptions for the calculation of atomic excitation, focussing on four species of relevance to Type Ia supernova spectra - Si II, S II, Mg II, and Ca II. We also investigate the influence of three methods for treating line interactions on our synthetic spectra and the need for accurate radiative rate estimates in our scheme.
description: 18 pages, 16 Figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dark matter from unification
Creators: name: Kainulainen, Kimmo
name: Tuominen, Kimmo
name: Virkajärvi, Jussi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a minimal extension of the Standard Model (SM), which leads to unification of the SM coupling constants, breaks electroweak symmetry dynamically by a new strongly coupled sector and leads to novel dark matter candidates. In this model, the coupling constant unification requires the existence of electroweak triplet and doublet fermions singlet under QCD and new strong dynamics underlying the Higgs sector. Among these new matter fields and a new right handed neutrino, we consider the mass and mixing patterns of the neutral states. We argue for a symmetry stabilizing the lightest mass eigenstates of this sector and determine the resulting relic density. The results are constrained by available data from colliders and direct and indirect dark matter experiments. We find the model viable and outline briefly future research directions.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
Transversity in exclusive vector-meson leptoproduction
Creators: name: Goloskokov, S. V.
name: Kroll, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of transversity or helicity-flip generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in leptoproduction of vector mesons is investigated within the framework of the handbag approach. The transversity GPDs in combination with twist-3 meson wave functions, occur in the amplitudes for transitions from a transversely polarized virtual photon to a longitudinal polarized vector meson. The importance of the transversity GPDs can be examined in some of the spin density matrix elements and in transverse target spin asymmetries. Using suitable parametrizations of both helicity-flip and non-flip GPDs, which are essentially taken from our previous papers, we estimate these observables and compare the results with available data.
description: 30 pages, 19 figures
Deep underground laboratory measurement of $^{13}$C($α$,$n$)$^{16}$O in the Gamow windows of the $s$- and $i$-processes
Creators: name: Gao, B.
name: Jiao, T. Y.
name: Li, Y. T.
name: Chen, H.
name: Lin, W. P.
name: An, Z.
name: Ru, L. H.
name: Zhang, Z. C.
name: Tang, X. D.
name: Wang, X. Y.
name: Zhang, N. T.
name: Fang, X.
name: Xie, D. H.
name: Fan, Y. H.
name: Ma, L.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Bai, F.
name: Wang, P.
name: Fan, Y. X.
name: Liu, G.
name: Huang, H. X.
name: Wu, Q.
name: Zhu, Y. B.
name: Chai, J. L.
name: Li, J. Q.
name: Sun, L. T.
name: Wang, S.
name: Cai, J. W.
name: Li, Y. Z.
name: Su, J.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Li, Z. H.
name: Li, Y. J.
name: Li, E. T.
name: Chen, C.
name: Shen, Y. P.
name: Lian, G.
name: Guo, B.
name: Li, X. Y.
name: Zhang, L. Y.
name: He, J. J.
name: Sheng, Y. D.
name: Chen, Y. J.
name: Wang, L. H.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Cao, F. Q.
name: Nan, W.
name: Nan, W. K.
name: Li, G. X.
name: Song, N.
name: Cui, B. Q.
name: Chen, L. H.
name: Ma, R. G.
name: Zhang, Z. C.
name: Yan, S. Q.
name: Liao, J. H.
name: Wang, Y. B.
name: Zeng, S.
name: Nan, D.
name: Fan, Q. W.
name: Qi, N. C.
name: Sun, W. L.
name: Guo, X. Y.
name: Zhang, P.
name: Chen, Y. H.
name: Zhou, Y.
name: Zhou, J. F.
name: He, J. R.
name: Shang, C. S.
name: Li, M. C.
name: Kubono, S.
name: Liu, W. P.
name: deBoer, R. J.
name: Wiescher, M.
name: Pignatari, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^{13}$C($α$,$n$)$^{16}$O reaction is the main neutron source for the slow-neutron-capture (s-) process in Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and for the intermediate (i-) process. Direct measurements at astrophysical energies in above-ground laboratories are hindered by the extremely small cross sections and vast cosmic-ray induced background. We performed the first consistent direct measurement in the range of $E_{\rm c.m.}=$0.24 MeV to 1.9 MeV using the accelerators at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) and Sichuan University. Our measurement covers almost the entire i-process Gamow window in which the large uncertainty of the previous experiments has been reduced from 60\% down to 15\%, eliminates the large systematic uncertainty in the extrapolation arising from the inconsistency of existing data sets, and provides a more reliable reaction rate for the studies of the s- and i-processes along with the first direct determination of the alpha strength for the near-threshold state.
Origin of a bottom-heavy stellar initial mass function in elliptical galaxies
Creators: name: Bekki, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the origin of a bottom-heavy stellar initial mass function (IMF) recently observed in elliptical galaxies by using chemical evolution models with a non-universal IMF. We adopt the Kroupa IMF with the three slopes (alpha_1, alpha_2, and alpha_3) dependent on metallicities ([Fe/H]) and densities (rho_g) of star-forming gas clouds and thereby search for the best IMF model that can reproduce (i) the observed steep IMF slope (alpha_2 ~ 3, i.e., bottom-heavy) for low stellar masses (m < 1 M_sun) and (ii) the correlation of alpha_2 with chemical properties of elliptical galaxies in a self-consistent manner. We find that if the IMF slope alpha_2 depends both on [Fe/H] and rho_g, then elliptical galaxies with higher [Mg/Fe] can have steeper alpha_2 (~3) in our models. We also find that the observed positive correlation of stellar mass-to-light ratios (M/L) with [Mg/Fe] in elliptical galaxies can be quantitatively reproduced in our models with alpha_2 = beta[Fe/H]}+gamma log rho_g, where beta ~ 0.5 and gamma ~ 2. We discuss whether the IMF slopes for low-mass (alpha_2) and high-mass stars (alpha_3) need to vary independently from each other to explain a number of IMF-related observational results self-consistently. We also briefly discuss why alpha_2 depends differently on [Fe/H] in dwarf and giant elliptical galaxies.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for the publication in ApJ
Environmental toxins and breast cancer on Long Island. II. Organochlorine compound levels in blood
Creators: name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Wolff, Mary S.
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Eng, Sybil M.
name: Teitelbaum, Susan L.
name: Britton, Julie A.
name: Terry, Mary Beth
name: Levin, Bruce
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Kabat, Geoffrey C.
name: Hatch, Maureen
name: Senie, Ruby T.
name: Berkowitz, Gertrud
name: Bradlow, H. Leon
name: Garbowski, Gail
name: Maffeo, Carla
name: Montalvan, Pat
name: Kemeny, Margaret
name: Citron, Marc
name: Schnabel, Freya
name: Schuss, Allan
name: Hajdu, Steven
name: Vinceguerra, Vincent
name: Niguidula, Nancy
name: Ireland, Karen
name: Santella, Regina M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Epidemiology
Oncology

description: Whether environmental contaminants increase breast cancer risk among women on Long Island, NY, is unknown. The study objective is to determine whether breast cancer risk is increased in relation to organochlorines, compounds with known estrogenic characteristics that were extensively used on Long Island and other areas of the United States. Recent reports do not support a strong association, although there are concerns with high risks observed in subgroups of women. Blood samples from 646 case and 429 control women from a population-based case-control study conducted on Long Island were analyzed. No substantial elevation in breast cancer risk was observed in relation to the highest quintile of lipid-adjusted serum levels of p,p'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (DDE) [odds ratio (OR), 1.20 versus lowest quintile; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76 –1.90], chlordane (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.62–1.55), dieldrin (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.69 –2.72), the sum of the four most frequently occurring PCB congeners (nos. 118, 153, 138, and 180; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.54 –1.29), and other PCB congener groupings. No dose-response relations were apparent. Nor was risk increased in relation to organochlorines among women who had not breastfed or were overweight, postmenopausal, or long-term residents of Long Island; or with whether the case was diagnosed with invasive rather than in situ disease, or with a hormone receptor-positive tumor. These findings, based on the largest number of samples analyzed to date among primarily white women, do not support the hypothesis that organochlorines increase breast cancer risk among Long Island women.
Eccentric Planets and Stellar Evolution as a Cause of Polluted White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Frewen, Shane F. N.
name: Hansen, Brad M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A significant fraction of white dwarfs (WDs) are observed to be polluted with metals despite high surface gravities and short settling times. The current theoretical model for this pollution is accretion of rocky bodies delivered to the WD through perturbations by orbiting planets. Using N-body simulations, we examine the possibility of a single planet as the source of pollution. We determine the stability of test particles on circular orbits in systems with a single planet located at 4 au for a range of masses and eccentricities, comparing the fractions that are ejected and accreted. In particular, we compare the instabilities that develop before and after the star loses mass to form a WD, a process which causes orbiting bodies to migrate outward. We determine that a planet must be eccentric (e > 0.02) to deliver significant (> 0.5 per cent) amounts of material to the host and that the amount increases with the planetary eccentricity. This result is robust with respect to the initial eccentricities of the particles for planetary eccentricity above ~0.4 and for randomly-distributed particle long. of pericentre. We also find that the efficiency of pollution is enhanced as planetary mass is reduced. We demonstrate that a 0.03 M_Jup planet with substantial eccentricity (e > 0.4) can account for the observed levels of pollution for initial disc masses of order 1 M_Earth. Such discs are within the range estimated for initial planetesimals discs and below that estimated for the solar system. However, their survival to the WD stage is uncertain as estimates for the collisional evolution of planetesimal discs suggest they should be ground down below the required levels on Gyr timescales. Thus, planetary scattering by eccentric, sub-Jovian planets can explain the observed levels of WD pollution, but only if current estimates of the collisional erosion of planetesimal discs are in error.
description: 18 pages, 19 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Establishing a trauma registry in Bhutan: needs and process
Creators: name: Tenzin, Tashi
name: Nelp, Taylor Burton
name: Manice, Nicolas
name: Morris, Stephen C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
Traumatology
Trauma centers--Administration
Emergency medical services
Medical records

description: Background: Globally, trauma represents a growing and significant burden of disease. Many health systems have limited metrics with which to guide development and appropriately inform policy and management decisions with regard to trauma related health care delivery. Findings: This paper outlines the establishment of need for improved trauma related metrics in the country of Bhutan and the process of development of a trauma registry at Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital to meet that need. Conclusions: Trauma registries are important tools allowing health systems to respond to the shifting burden of disease; successful establishment of a trauma registry requires an understanding of the health system and broad institutional support.
Ellerman Bombs at high resolution: II. Visibility, triggering and effect on upper atmosphere
Creators: name: Vissers, Gregal J. M.
name: van der Voort, Luc H. M. Rouppe
name: Rutten, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high-resolution imaging spectroscopy with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) to study the transient brightenings of the wings of the Balmer Halpha line in emerging active regions that are called Ellerman bombs. Simultaneous sampling of Ca II 854.2 nm with the SST confirms that most Ellerman bombs occur also in the wings of this line, but with markedly different morphology. Simultaneous images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) show that Ellerman bombs are also detectable in the photospheric 170 nm continuum, again with differing morphology. They are also observable in 160 nm SDO images, but with much contamination from C IV emission in transition-region features. Simultaneous SST spectropolarimetry in Fe I 630.1 nm shows that Ellerman bombs occur at sites of strong-field magnetic flux cancelation between small bipolar strong-field patches that rapidly move together over the solar surface. Simultaneous SDO images in He II 30.4 nm, Fe IX 17.1 nm, and Fe XIV 21.1 nm show no clear effect of the Ellerman bombs on the overlying transition region and corona. These results strengthen our earlier suggestion, based on Halpha morphology alone, that the Ellerman bomb phenomenon is a purely photospheric reconnection phenomenon.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 16 pages, 10 figures
The Origin and Pulsations of Extreme Helium Stars
Creators: name: Jeffery, C. Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars consume hydrogen in their interiors but, generally speaking, their surfaces continue to contain some 70% hydrogen (by mass) throughout their lives. Nevertheless, many types of star can be found with hydrogen-deficient surfaces, in some cases with as little as one hydrogen atom in 10 000. Amongst these, the luminous B- and A-type extreme helium stars are genuinely rare; only ~15 are known within a very substantial volume of the Galaxy. Evidence from surface composition suggests a connection to the cooler R CrB variables and some of the hotter helium-rich subdwarf O stars. Arguments currently favour an origin in the merger of two white dwarfs; thus there are also connections with AM CVn variables and Type Ia supernovae. Pulsations in many extreme helium stars provide an opportune window into their interiors. These pulsations have unusual properties, some being "strange" modes, and others being driven by Z-bump opacities. They have the potential to deliver distance-independent masses and to provide a unique view of pulsation physics. We review the evolutionary origin and pulsations of these stars, and introduce recent progress and continuing challenges.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. This is the original and complete version of a paper based on a review talk given at IAU Symposium No. 301, Precision Asteroseismology. To meet page limits, the version to be published in the Symposium Proceedings omits sections 2 and 3
Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν = 3/4
Creators: name: Wang, Chengyu
name: Gupta, A.
name: Singh, S. K
name: Chung, Y. J.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
name: Baldwin, K. W.
name: Winkler, R.
name: Shayegan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) exemplify exotic phases of low-disorder two-dimensional (2D) electron systems when electron-electron interaction dominates over the thermal and kinetic energies. Particularly intriguing among the FQHSs are those observed at even-denominator Landau level filling factors, as their quasi-particles are generally believed to obey non-Abelian statistics and be of potential use in topological quantum computing. Such states, however, are very rare and fragile, and are typically observed in the excited Landau level of 2D electron systems with the lowest amount of disorder. Here we report the observation of a new and unexpected even-denominator FQHS at filling factor ν = 3/4 in a GaAs 2D hole system with an exceptionally high quality (mobility). Our magneto-transport measurements reveal a strong minimum in the longitudinal resistance at ν = 3/4, accompanied by a developing Hall plateau centered at (h/e2)/(3/4). This even-denominator FQHS is very unusual as it is observed in the lowest Landau level and in a 2D hole system. While its origin is unclear, it is likely a non-Abelian state, emerging from the residual interaction between composite fermions.
description: 6+6 pages, 3+3 figures; featured in Physics; featured as Editor's suggestion
A Comparison between Support Vector Machine and Water Cloud Model for Estimating Crop Leaf Area Index
Creators: name: Hosseini, Mehdi
name: McNairn, Heather
name: Mitchell, Scott
name: Robertson, Lauren Dingle
name: Davidson, Andrew
name: Ahmadian, Nima
name: Bhattacharya, Avik
name: Borg, Erik
name: Conrad, Christopher
name: Dabrowska-Zielinska, Katarzyna
name: De Abelleyra, Diego
name: Gurdak, Radoslaw
name: Kumar, Vineet
name: Kussul, Nataliia
name: Mandal, Dipankar
name: Rao, Y. S.
name: Saliendra, Nicanor
name: Shelestov, Andrii
name: Spengler, Daniel
name: Verón, Santiago R.
name: Homayouni, Saeid
name: Becker-Reshef, Inbal
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: RADARSAT-2
Sentinel-1
leaf area index
water cloud model
machine learning

description: The water cloud model (WCM) can be inverted to estimate leaf area index (LAI) using the intensity of backscatter from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors. Published studies have demonstrated that the WCM can accurately estimate LAI if the model is effectively calibrated. However, calibration of this model requires access to field measures of LAI as well as soil moisture. In contrast, machine learning (ML) algorithms can be trained to estimate LAI from satellite data, even if field moisture measures are not available. In this study, a support vector machine (SVM) was trained to estimate the LAI for corn, soybeans, rice, and wheat crops. These results were compared to LAI estimates from the WCM. To complete this comparison, in situ and satellite data were collected from seven Joint Experiment for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM) sites located in Argentina, Canada, Germany, India, Poland, Ukraine and the United States of America (U.S.A.). The models used C-Band backscatter intensity for two polarizations (like-polarization (VV) and cross-polarization (VH)) acquired by the RADARSAT-2 and Sentinel-1 SAR satellites. Both the WCM and SVM models performed well in estimating the LAI of corn. For the SVM, the correlation (R) between estimated LAI for corn and LAI measured in situ was reported as 0.93, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.64 m2m−2 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.51 m2m−2 . The WCM produced an R-value of 0.89, with only slightly higher errors (RMSE of 0.75 m2m−2 and MAE of 0.61 m2m−2 ) when estimating corn LAI. For rice, only the SVM model was tested, given the lack of soil moisture measures for this crop. In this case, both high correlations and low errors were observed in estimating the LAI of rice using SVM (R of 0.96, RMSE of 0.41 m2m−2 and MAE of 0.30 m2m−2 ). However, the results demonstrated that when the calibration points were limited (in this case for soybeans), the WCM outperformed the SVM model. This study demonstrates the importance of testing different modeling approaches over diverse agro-ecosystems to increase confidence in model performance.
The fractal dimensions of the spectrum of Sturm Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Liu, Qinghui
name: Qu, Yanhui
name: Wen, Zhiying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A78, 37C45, 81Q10

description: Let $α\in(0,1)$ be irrational and $[0;a_1,a_2,\cdots]$ be the continued fraction expansion of $α$. Let $H_{α,V}$ be the Sturm Hamiltonian with frequency $α$ and coupling $V$, $Σ_{α,V}$ be the spectrum of $H_{α,V}$. The fractal dimensions of the spectrum have been determined by Fan, Liu and Wen (Erg. Th. Dyn. Sys.,2011) when $\{a_n\}_{n\ge1}$ is bounded. The present paper will treat the most difficult case, i.e, $\{a_n\}_{n\ge1}$ is unbounded. We prove that for $V\ge24$, $$ \dim_H\ Σ_{α,V}=s_*(V)\ \ \ \text{and}\ \ \ \bar{\dim}_B\ Σ_{α,V}=s^*(V), $$ where $s_*(V)$ and $s^*(V)$ are lower and upper pre-dimensions respectively. By this result, we determine the fractal dimensions of the spectrums for all Sturm Hamiltonians. We also show the following results: $s_*(V)$ and $s^*(V)$ are Lipschitz continuous on any bounded interval of $[24,\infty)$; the limits $s_*(V)\ln V$ and $s^*(V)\ln V$ exist as $V$ tend to infinity, and the limits are constants only depending on $α$; $s^\ast(V)=1$ if and only if $\limsup_{n\to\infty}(a_1\cdots a_n)^{1/n}=\infty,$ which can be compared with the fact: $s_\ast(V)=1$ if and only if $\liminf_{n\to\infty}(a_1\cdots a_n)^{1/n}=\infty$(Liu and Wen, Potential anal. 2004).
title: Prostatakrebs im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Leben mit Prostatakrebs.
Creators: name: Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Publisher: name: Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Kurzinformation für Patienten
Capsule Migration and Deformation in a Converging Micro-Capillary
Creators: name: Wang, Yiyang
name: Dimitrakopoulos, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: elastic capsule
microfluidics
stokes flow

description: The lateral migration of elastic capsules towards a microchannel centerline plays a major role in industrial and physiological processes. Via our computational investigation, we show that a constriction connecting two straight microchannels facilitates the lateral capsule migration considerably, which is relatively slow in straight channels. Our work reveals that the significant cross-streamline migration inside the constriction is dominated by the strong hydrodynamic forces due to the capsule size. However, in the downstream straight channel, the increased interfacial deformation at higher capillary numbers or a lower viscosity ratio and lower membrane hardness results in increased lateral cross-streamline migration. Thus, our work highlights the different migration mechanisms occurring over curved and straight streamlines.
The economic burden of chronic disease care faced by households in Ukraine: a cross-sectional matching study of angina patients
Creators: name: Murphy, Adrianna
name: Mahal, Ajay
name: Richardson, Erica
name: Moran, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Public health
Medicine

description: Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and their prevalence in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is on the rise. The burden of chronic health expenditure born by patient households in these countries may be very high, particularly where out-of-pocket payments for health care are common. One such country where out-of-pocket payments are especially high is Ukraine. The financial impact of NCDs on households in this country has not been researched. Methods: We set out to explore the burden of NCD care in Ukraine with a study of angina patients. Using data from the Ukraine World Health Survey of 2003 we employed the novel Coarsened Exact Matching approach to estimate the difference in out-of-pocket payment (OPP) for health care between households with a stable angina pectoris (a chronic form of IHD) patient and those without. The likelihood of engaging in catastrophic spending and using various distress financing mechanisms (e.g. sale of assets, borrowing) among angina households compared with non-angina households was also explored. Results: Among angina patient households (n = 203), OPP occupied an average of 32% of household effective income. After matching, angina households experienced significantly higher monthly per capita OPP for health care (B = $2.84) and medicines (B = $2.94), but were not at significantly higher odds of engaging in catastrophic spending. Odds of engaging in ‘sale of assets’ (OR = 2.71) and ‘borrowing’ (OR = 1.68) to finance OPP were significantly higher among angina households. Conclusions: The cost of chronic care in Ukraine places a burden on individual patient households. Households of angina patients are more likely to engage in distress financing to cover the cost of treatment, and a high proportion of patients do not acquire prescribed medicines because they cannot afford them. This warrants further research on the burden of NCD care in other LMIC, especially where OPP for health care is common. Health policies aimed at reducing OPP for health care, and especially medicines, would lessen the high health and financial burden of chronic care. Further research is also needed on the long-term impact of borrowing or sale of assets to finance OPP on patient households.
Assessing within-Field Corn and Soybean Yield Variability from WorldView-3, Planet, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery
Creators: name: Skakun, Sergii
name: Kalecinski, Natacha I.
name: Brown, Meredith G. L.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Vermote, Eric F.
name: Roger, Jean-Claude
name: Franch, Belen
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: agriculture
yield
within-field
corn
soybean
remote sensing
satellite
WorldView-3
planet
Sentinel-2
Landsat 8

description: Crop yield monitoring is an important component in agricultural assessment. Multi-spectral remote sensing instruments onboard space-borne platforms such as Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) have shown to be useful for efficiently generating timely and synoptic information on the yield status of crops across regional levels. However, the coarse spatial resolution data inherent to these sensors provides little utility at the management level. Recent satellite imagery collection advances toward finer spatial resolution (down to 1 m) alongside increased observational cadence (near daily) implies information on crops obtainable at field and within-field scales to support farming needs is now possible. To test this premise, we focus on assessing the efficiency of multiple satellite sensors, namely WorldView-3, Planet/Dove-Classic, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 (through Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS)), and investigate their spatial, spectral (surface reflectance (SR) and vegetation indices (VIs)), and temporal characteristics to estimate corn and soybean yields at sub-field scales within study sites in the US state of Iowa. Precision yield data as referenced to combine harvesters’ GPS systems were used for validation. We show that imagery spatial resolution of 3 m is critical to explaining 100% of the within-field yield variability for corn and soybean. Our simulation results show that moving to coarser resolution data of 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m reduced the explained variability to 86%, 72%, and 59%, respectively. We show that the most important spectral bands explaining yield variability were green (0.560 μm), red-edge (0.726 μm), and near-infrared (NIR − 0.865 μm). Furthermore, the high temporal frequency of Planet and a combination of Sentinel-2/Landsat 8 (HLS) data allowed for optimal date selection for yield map generation. Overall, we observed mixed performance of satellite-derived models with the coefficient of determination (R2) varying from 0.21 to 0.88 (averaging 0.56) for the 30 m HLS and from 0.09 to 0.77 (averaging 0.30) for 3 m Planet. R2 was lower for fields with higher yields, suggesting saturation of the satellite-collected reflectance features in those cases. Therefore, other biophysical variables, such as soil moisture and evapotranspiration, at similar fine spatial resolutions are likely needed alongside the optical imagery to fully explain the yields.