Hamma Buckton 1905
Creators: name: Durante, Antonio
name: Loudit, Sandrine Mariella Bayendi
name: Susini, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Membracidae
Hamma

description: Genus Hamma Buckton, 1905
The description of three proposed new species is here reported. They were discovered in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea by the third author. The following checklist and keys include the new entries since 2014 (Durante & Susini 2017, plus present data).
Check-list of the species belonging to the genus Hamma
1. Hamma boulardi Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014
Hamma boulardi Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014: 323–346, fig. 9
2. Hamma brevicornis Boulard, 1968
Hamma brevicornis Boulard, 1968: 942–944, figs 3, 10–11
3. Hamma caneparii sp. nov.
4. Hamma capeneri Boulard, 1968
Hamma capeneri Boulard, 1968: 938–941, figs 1, 8, 16
5. Hamma carlini Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014
Hamma carlini Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014: 323–346, fig. 12
6. Hamma cinnameus Boulard, 1969
Hamma cinnameus Boulard, 1969: 106–107, figs 3–5
7. Hamma cupreum Durante & Susini, 2017
Hamma cupreum Durante & Susini, 2017: 3–8, fig. 5
8. Hamma fabulosum Boulard, 1968
Hamma fabulosum Boulard, 1968: 945–946, figs 5, 14–15
9. Hamma franciscae Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014
Hamma franciscae Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014: 323–346, fig. 14
10. Hamma grahami (Distant, 1916)
Amitrochates grahami Distant, 1916b: 328
Hamma mabirensis China, 1923: 463–465; synonymized by Funkhouser 1927
Hamma grahami (Distant) – Capener 1955: 376
11. Hamma heimi Boulard, 1968
Hamma heimi Boulard, 1968: 944–945, figs 4, 12–13
12. Hamma nigrum sp. nov.
13. Hamma nodosum Buckton, 1905
Hamma nodosum Buckton, 1905: 330, pl 21 fig. 3
Hamma nodosa Buckton, 1905: 330; incorrect subsequent spelling for H. nodosum
14. Hamma pattersoni Distant, 1916
Hamma pattersoni Distant, 1916a: 157–158
15. Hamma pygmaeum Capener, 1972
Hamma pygmaeum Capener, 1972: 50–51, figs 198–200
16. Hamma rectum (Vignon, 1930)
Amitrochates rectus Vignon, 1930: 408–409, fig. 673
Hamma kilossae Dlabola, 1945: 155–156, synonymized by Metcalf & Wade 1965: 506
Hamma recta – Metcalf & Wade 1965: 506
Hamma rectum – Capener 1968: 108
Hamma rectum – Boulard, 1968: 946–948 [new description], figs 6–7
17. Hamma robustum Capener, 1971
Hamma robustum Capener, 1971: 28–29, figs 23–25
18. Hamma sandrinei Durante & Susini, 2017
Hamma sandrinei Durante & Susini, 2017: 3–8, figs 2–3
19. Hamma simplex Boulard, 1968
Hamma simplex Boulard, 1968: 941–942, figs 2, 9
20. Hamma spinellii sp. nov.
21. Hamma spinosum Capener, 1971
Hamma spinosum Capener, 1971: 25–27, figs 17–19
22. Hamma ugandensis Capener, 1971
Hamma ugandensis Capener, 1971: 27–28, figs 20–22
Key to species of the genus Hamma (updated after Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014)
1. Posterior pronotal process without terminal spine (Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014: figs 12, 14) .......... 2
– Posterior pronotal process with a terminal spine .............................................................................. 3
2. Pronotum with reddish brown blunt tubercles (Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014: fig. 14) ......................... ............................................................ Hamma franciscae Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014
– Pronotum with black thorn-like tubercles (Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014: fig. 12) ................................ .................................................................. Hamma carlini Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014
3. Suprahumeral horns prominent, ending in a thorn (Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014: fig. 6) .................. 4
– Suprahumeral horns absent or not prominent, apex blunt (Durante & Susini 2017: fig. 2) ........... 18
4. Posterior pronotal process quite slender in lateral view without evident nodes ............................... 5
– Posterior pronotal process in lateral view with evident nodes ......................................................... 6
5. Suprahumeral horns globose (more clearly visible in frontal view) (Boulard 1969: fig. 3) ............... ..................................................................................................... Hamma cinnameus Boulard, 1969
– Suprahumeral horns conical ............................................................................................................. 7
6. Suprahumeral horns very large, posterior process heart-shaped in dorsal view (Boulard 1968: figs 14–15) ................................................................................... Hamma fabulosum Boulard, 1968
– Suprahumeral horns smaller, posterior process not heart-shaped in dorsal view ............................. 8
7. Pterostigma twice as long as broad (Boulard 1968: figs 8, 16) ...... Hamma capeneri Boulard, 1968
– Pterostigma three times as long as broad (Durante & Susini 2017: fig. 2) ......................................... ......................................................................................... Hamma cupreum Durante & Susini, 2017
8. Pronotum tuberculate with reddish tubercles (Buckton 1905: pl. 21 fig. 3) ....................................... ....................................................................................................... Hamma nodosum Buckton, 1905
– Pronotum smooth or tuberculate with black tubercles ..................................................................... 9
9. Suprahumeral horns upturned (Boulard 1968: figs 10–11) ......... Hamma brevicornis Boulard, 1968
– Suprahumeral horns laterad ............................................................................................................ 10
10. Posterior process with terminal node large and clearly rounded in dorsal view .............................11
– Posterior process with terminal node quite slender, not rounded in dorsal view (Capener 1971: fig. 25) ........................................................................................... Hamma robustum Capener, 1971
11. Suprahumeral horns about half as long as pronotal width (dorsal view) (Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014: fig. 7) ............................................................................................................................................... 12
– Suprahumeral horns about ¼ to ⅓ as long as pronotal width (dorsal view) (Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014: fig. 9) ..................................................................................................................................... 17
12. Posterior process V-shaped in lateral view between second and fourth node (Fig. 1) ................... 13
– Posterior process straight in lateral view between second and fourth node (Vignon 1930: fig. 673) .......................................................................................................... Hamma rectum (Vignon, 1930)
13. Thorax entirely black ...................................................................................................................... 14
– Thorax predominantly brown ......................................................................................................... 16
14. Suprahumeral horns straight in dorsal view ................................................................................... 15
– Suprahumeral horns curved backwards in dorsal view (Boulard 1968: fig. 13) ................................ .............................................................................................................. Hamma heimi Boulard, 1968
15. Pterostigma as long as broad (Distant 1916b: fig. page 328) ........ Hamma grahami (Distant, 1916)
– Pterostigma about three times as long as broad (Fig. 1) .............................. Hamma nigrum sp. nov.
16. Caudal node of the posterior process half the width of the head in dorsal view (Fig. 2) ................... ..................................................................................................................... Hamma spinellii sp. nov.
– Caudal node of the posterior process ⅔ the width of the head in dorsal view (Fig. 3) ...................... .................................................................................................................. Hamma caneparii sp. nov.
17. Posterior process shorter than the tegmina, suprahumeral horns with short, stout terminal spine (Bayendi Loudit et al. 2014: fig. 9) ..... Hamma boulardi Bayendi Loudit, Durante & Susini, 2014
– Posterior process as long as the tegmina, suprahumeral horns with slender terminal spine (Capener 1971: figs 17–19) .......................................................................... Hamma spinosum Capener, 1971
18. Posterior process in dorsal view with large terminal node ............................................................. 19
– Posterior process in dorsal view with very small terminal node .................................................... 20
19. Posterior process heart-shaped, almost as large as the metopidium in dorsal view (Capener 1971: fig. 22) ........................................................................................ Hamma ugandensis Capener, 1971
– Posterior process roundish, about half as large as the metopidium in dorsal view (Durante & Susini 2017: fig. 2) ...................................................................... Hamma sandrinei Durante & Susini 2017
20. Posterior process slender in lateral view ........................................................................................ 21
– Posterior process quite strong in lateral view (Distant 1916a: fig. page 158) .................................... ........................................................................................................ Hamma pattersoni Distant, 1916
21. Flanks of the pronotal helmet and thoracic pleurae covered in white hairs; posterior process with lateral carinae (Boulard 1968: figs 2, 9) ........................................... Hamma simplex Boulard, 1968
– No presence of white hairs; posterior process without lateral carinae (Capener 1972: figs 198–200) ..................................................................................................... Hamma pygmaeum Capener, 1972
The following species are here considered to be part of a well-defined group, characterized by a similar exterior morphology (especially well-pronounced suprahumeral horns; pronotal posterior process with four nodes; third node of the posterior process anchor-shaped in dorsal view; welldeveloped terminal spine on the posterior process; wings with dark pattern). We include also Hamma heimi Boulard, 1968.
description: Published as part of Durante, Antonio, Loudit, Sandrine Mariella Bayendi & Susini, Antonio, 2021, On the genus Hamma Buckton, 1905 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Equatorial Africa, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 89-107 in European Journal of Taxonomy 748 (1) on pages 91-94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.748.1345, http://zenodo.org/record/4745153