cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Verified Implementation of an Efficient Term-Rewriting Algorithm for Multiplier Verification on ACL2
Creators: name: Temel, Mertcan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic and efficient verification of multiplier designs, especially through a provably correct method, is a difficult problem. We show how to utilize a theorem prover, ACL2, to implement an efficient rewriting algorithm for multiplier design verification. Through a basic understanding of the features and data structures of ACL2, we created a verified program that can automatically verify various multiplier designs much faster than the other state-of-the-art tools. Additionally, users of our system have the flexibility to change the specification for the target design to verify variations of multipliers. We discuss the challenges we tackled during the development of this program as well as key implementation details for efficiency and verifiability. Those who plan to implement an efficient program on a theorem prover or those who wish to implement our multiplier verification methodology on a different system may benefit from the discussions in this paper.
description: In Proceedings ACL2 2022, arXiv:2205.11103
A Virtual Solar Wind Monitor at Mars with Uncertainty Quantification using Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Azari, A. R.
name: Abrahams, E.
name: Sapienza, F.
name: Halekas, J.
name: Biersteker, J.
name: Mitchell, D. L.
name: Pérez, F.
name: Marquette, M.
name: Rutala, M. J.
name: Bowers, C. F.
name: Jackman, C. M.
name: Curry, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Single spacecraft missions do not measure the pristine solar wind continuously because of the spacecrafts' orbital trajectory. The infrequent spatiotemporal cadence of measurement fundamentally limits conclusions about solar wind-magnetosphere coupling throughout the solar system. At Mars, such single spacecraft missions result in limitations for assessing the solar wind's role in causing lower altitude observations such as auroral dynamics or atmospheric loss. In this work, we detail the development of a virtual solar wind monitor from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission; a single spacecraft. This virtual solar wind monitor provides a continuous estimate of the solar wind upstream from Mars with uncertainties. We specifically employ Gaussian process regression to estimate the upstream solar wind and uncertainty estimations that scale with the data sparsity of our real observations. This proxy enables continuous solar wind estimation at Mars with representative uncertainties for the majority of the time since since late 2014. We conclude by discussing suggested uses of this virtual solar wind monitor for statistical studies of the Mars space environment and heliosphere.
description: published in JGR: Machine Learning and Computation
ACL2s Systems Programming
Creators: name: Walter, Andrew T.
name: Manolios, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4

description: ACL2 provides a systems programming capability that allows one to write code that uses and extends ACL2 inside of ACL2. However, for soundness reasons, ACL2 bars the unrestricted use of certain kinds of programming constructs, like destructive updates, higher-order functions, eval, and arbitrary macros. We devised a methodology for writing code in Common Lisp that allows one to access ACL2, ACL2s, and Common Lisp functionality in a unified way. We arrived at this methodology in the process of developing the ACL2 Sedan (ACL2s) and using it as a key component in formal-methods-enabled projects relating to gamified verification, education, proof checking, interfacing with external theorem provers and security. The methodology includes a library for performing ACL2 queries from Common Lisp, as well as guidelines and utilities that help address common needs. We call this methodology "ACL2s systems programming," to distinguish it from ACL2 systems programming. We show how our methodology makes it possible to easily develop tools that interface with ACL2 and ACL2s, and describe our experience using it in our research.
description: In Proceedings ACL2 2022, arXiv:2205.11103
Syntheto: A Surface Language for APT and ACL2
Creators: name: Coglio, Alessandro
name: McCarthy, Eric
name: Westfold, Stephen
name: Balasubramanian, Daniel
name: Dubey, Abhishek
name: Karsai, Gabor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Syntheto is a surface language for carrying out formally verified program synthesis by transformational refinement in ACL2 using the APT toolkit. Syntheto aims at providing more familiarity and automation, in order to make this technology more widely usable. Syntheto is a strongly statically typed functional language that includes both executable and non-executable constructs, including facilities to state and prove theorems and facilities to apply proof-generating transformations. Syntheto is integrated into an IDE with a notebook-style, interactive interface that translates Syntheto to ACL2 definitions and APT transformation invocations, and back-translates the prover's results to Syntheto; the bidirectional translation happens behind the scenes, with the user interacting solely with Syntheto.
description: In Proceedings ACL2 2022, arXiv:2205.11103
A Complex Java Code Generator for ACL2 Based on a Shallow Embedding of ACL2 in Java
Creators: name: Coglio, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a code generator that translates ACL2 constructs to corresponding Java constructs, according to a shallow embedding of ACL2 in Java. Starting from purely functional ACL2 code, the generated Java code exhibits imperative and object-oriented features like destructive updates, loops, and overloading. The overall translation from ACL2 to Java is fairly elaborate, consisting of several ACL2-to-ACL2 pre-translation steps, an ACL2-to-Java proper translation step, and several Java-to-Java post-translation steps. Experiments suggest that the generated Java code is not much slower than the ACL2 code. The code generator can also recognize, and translate to Java, ACL2 representations of certain Java constructs, forerunning a code generation approach based on a shallow embedding of Java in ACL2 (i.e. going the other way). This code generator builds upon, and significantly extends, a simple Java code generator for ACL2 based on a deep embedding of ACL2 in Java.
description: In Proceedings ACL2 2022, arXiv:2205.11103
Stepping into the Right Shoes: The Effects of User-Matched Avatar Ethnicity and Gender on Sense of Embodiment in Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Do, Tiffany D.
name: Protko, Camille Isabella
name: McMahan, Ryan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many consumer virtual reality (VR) applications, users embody predefined characters that offer minimal customization options, frequently emphasizing storytelling over user choice. We explore whether matching a user's physical characteristics, specifically ethnicity and gender, with their virtual self-avatar affects their sense of embodiment in VR. We conducted a 2 x 2 within-subjects experiment (n=32) with a diverse user population to explore the impact of matching or not matching a user's self-avatar to their ethnicity and gender on their sense of embodiment. Our results indicate that matching the ethnicity of the user and their self-avatar significantly enhances sense of embodiment regardless of gender, extending across various aspects, including appearance, response, and ownership. We also found that matching gender significantly enhanced ownership, suggesting that this aspect is influenced by matching both ethnicity and gender. Interestingly, we found that matching ethnicity specifically affects self-location while matching gender specifically affects one's body ownership.
description: In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A Proof-Generating C Code Generator for ACL2 Based on a Shallow Embedding of C in ACL2
Creators: name: Coglio, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a C code generator for ACL2 that recognizes ACL2 representations of C constructs, according to a shallow embedding of C in ACL2, and translates those representations to the represented C constructs. The code generator also generates ACL2 theorems asserting the correctness of the C code with respect to the ACL2 code. The code generator currently supports a limited but growing subset of C that already suffices for some interesting programs. This paper also offers a general perspective on language embedding and code generation.
description: In Proceedings ACL2 2022, arXiv:2205.11103
Hardware/Software Co-Assurance using the Rust Programming Language and ACL2
Creators: name: Hardin, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Rust programming language has garnered significant interest and use as a modern, type-safe, memory-safe, and potentially formally analyzable programming language. Our interest in Rust stems from its potential as a hardware/software co-assurance language, with application to critical systems such as autonomous vehicles. We report on the first known use of Rust as a High-Level Synthesis (HLS) language. Most incumbent HLS languages are a subset of C. A Rust-based HLS brings a single modern, type-safe, and memory-safe expression language for both hardware and software realizations with high assurance. As a a study of the suitability of Rust as an HLS, we have crafted a Rust subset, inspired by Russinoff's Restricted Algorithmic C (RAC), which we have imaginatively named Restricted Algorithmic Rust, or RAR. In our first implementation of a RAR toolchain, we simply transpile the RAR source into RAC. By so doing, we leverage a number of existing hardware/software co-assurance tools with a minimum investment of time and effort. In this paper, we describe the RAR Rust subset, detail our prototype RAR toolchain, and describe the implementation and verification of several representative algorithms and data structures written in RAR, with proofs of correctness conducted using the ACL2 theorem prover.
description: In Proceedings ACL2 2022, arXiv:2205.11103
The gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system with infinite mass and velocities in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Creators: name: Cavallaro, Guido
name: Marchioro, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q83, 35Q85, 85A05

description: We study existence and uniqueness of the solution to the gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system evolving in $\mathbb{R}^3$.
 It is assumed that initially the particles are distributed according to a spatial density with a power-law decay in space, allowing for unbounded mass, and an exponential decay in velocities given by a Maxwell-Boltzmann law. We extend a classical result which holds for systems with finite total mass.
Possible dibaryon production at $\bar{\rm{P}}$anda with a Lagrangian approach
Creators: name: Dong, Yubing
name: Shen, Pengnian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to confirm the existence of the dibaryon state $d^*(2380)$ observed at WASA@COSY, we estimate the production of the possible dibaryon and anti-dibaryon pair $d^*\bar{d}^*$ at the energy region of the upcoming experiments at $\bar{\rm{P}}$anda. Based on some qualitative properties of $d^*$ extracted from the analysez in the non-relativistic quark model, the production cross section for this spin-3 particle pair are calculated with the help of an phenomenological effective relativistic and covariant Lagrangian approach.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Universal entanglement spectrum in gapless symmetry protected topological states
Creators: name: Yu, Xue-Jia
name: Yang, Sheng
name: Lin, Hai-Qing
name: Jian, Shao-Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement marks a definitive feature of topological states. However, the entanglement spectrum remains insufficiently explored for topological states without a bulk energy gap. Using a combination of field theory and numerical techniques, we accurately calculate and analyze the entanglement spectrum of gapless symmetry protected topological states in one dimension. We highlight that the universal entanglement spectrum not only encodes the nontrivial edge degeneracy, generalizing the Li-Haldane conjecture to gapless topological states, but also contains the operator content of the underlying boundary conformal field theory. This implies that the bulk wave function can act as a fingerprint of both quantum criticality and topology in gapless symmetry protected topological states. We also identify a symmetry enriched conformal boundary condition that goes beyond the conventional conformal boundary condition.
description: 4.5 pages with supplemental materials, 10 figures
title: Educational accountability in day treatment and residential schools for students with EBD: Report on a national survey
Creators: name: Gagnon, Joseph Calvin
name: McLaughlin, Margaret J.
name: Leone, Peter E.
Publisher: name: Educational Policy Reform Research Institute
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Day treatment
subject: Residential
subject: Emotional disturbance
subject: Curriculum
subject: Assessment
subject: Accountability

description: This Issue Brief reports on accountability policies and practices for elementary students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in private and public day treatment and residential schools. It is designed as a resource for administrators and policy makers.
Open Droplet Microfluidics for Testing Multi-Drug Resistance and Antibiotic Resilience in Bacteria
Creators: name: Kong, Taejoon
name: Backes, Nicholas
name: Phillips, Gregory
name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New combinations of existing antibiotics are being investigated to combat bacterial resilience. This requires detection technologies with reasonable cost, accuracy, resolution, and throughput. Here, we present a multi -drug screening platform for bacterial cultures by combining droplet microfluidics, search algorithms, and imaging with a wide field of view. We remotely alter the chemical microenvironment around cells and test 12 combinations of resistant cell types and chemicals. Fluorescence intensity readouts allow us to infer bacterial resistance to specific antibiotics within 8 hours. The platform has potential to detect and identify parameters of bacterial resilience in cell cultures, biofilms, and microbial aggregates.
description: 2 pages
title: From the establishment of a national bioinformatics society to the development of a national bioinformatics infrastructure
title: Supplementary text - Data attempts
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Mirauta, Bogdan
name: Romanian Society of Bioinformatics
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Supplementary text describing the attempts towards data federation of the Romanian Society of Bioinformatics.
Extreme near-field heat transfer between silica surfaces
Creators: name: Rajabpour, Ali
name: Hajj, Julien El
name: Viloria, Mauricio Gómez
name: Messina, Riccardo
name: Ben-Abdallah, Philippe
name: Guo, Yangyu
name: Merabia, Samy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite recent experiments exhibiting an impressive enhancement in radiative heat flux between parallel planar silica surfaces with gap sizes of about 10 nm, the exploration of sub-nanometric gap distances remains unexplored. In this work, by employing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, we study the heat transfer between two SiO2 plates in both their amorphous and crystalline forms. When the gap size is 2 nm, we find that the heat transfer coefficient experiences a substantial ~30-fold increase compared to the experimental value at the gap size of 10 nm confirming the dependence on the distance inversely quadratic as predicted by the fluctuational electrodynamics (FE) theory. Comparative analysis between NEMD and FE reveals a generally good agreement, particularly for amorphous silica. Spectral heat transfer analysis demonstrates the profound influence of gap size on heat transfer, with peaks corresponding to the resonances of dielectric function. Deviations from fluctuational electrodynamics theory at smaller gap sizes are interpreted in the context of acoustic phonon tunneling and the effects of a gradient of permittivity close to the surfaces.
Supplementary document for Long-range high-spatial-resolution distributed Brillouin sensing enabled by correlation-domain encoding - 6397853.pdf
Creators: name: Zhou, Yin
name: Yan, Lianshan
name: Li, Zonglei
name: He, Haijun
name: Ye, Jia
name: Pan, Wei
name: Luo, Bin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Galvanic Corrosion and Electric Field in Lithium Anode Passivation Films: Effects on Self-Discharge
Creators: name: Leung, Kevin
name: Merrill, Laura C.
name: Harrison, Katharine L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Battery interfaces help govern rate capability, safety/stability, cycle life, and self-discharge, but significant gaps remain in our understanding at atomic length scales that can be exploited to improve interfacial properties. In particular, Li partially plated on copper current collectors, relevant to the anodeless, lithium metal cell which is a holy grail of high density energy battery research, has recently been reported to undergo galvanic corrosion and exhibit short shelf lives. We apply large scale Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the reaction between the electrolyte and Li|Cu junctions coated with thin, uniform electrolyte interphase (SEI) passivating films at two applied voltages. These novel DFT galvanic corrosion simulations show that electrolyte degradation preferentially occurs on Li-plated regions and should lead to thicker SEI films. Our simulations reveal similarities but also fundamental differences between traditional metal localized pitting and Li-corrosion mechanisms. Furthermore, using the recently proposed, highly reactive lithium hydride (LiH) component SEI as example, we distinguish between electrochemical and chemical degradation pathways which are partially responsible for self-discharge, with the chemical pathway found to exhibit slow kinetics. We also predict that electric fields should in general exist across natural SEI components like LiH, and across artificial SEI films like LiI and LiAlO(2) often applied to improve battery cycling. Underlying and unifying these predictions is a framework of DFT voltage/overpotential definitions which we have derived from electrochemistry disciplines like structural metal corrosion studies; our analysis can only be made using the correct electronic voltage definitions.
description: 41 pages. 8 figures
title: Fit for Home
Creators: name: Jensen, Elspeth
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Poetry
subject: Poems
subject: Home
subject: House
subject: Room
subject: Place

description: This thesis has been embargoed for 10 years and will not be available until April 2029 at the earliest.
description: Fit for Home is a collection of poetry exploring the idea of home and house, literally and figuratively, and the house’s relationship to the self, memory, and experience.
title: Controversy matters: Impacts of topic and solution controversy on the perceived credibility of a scientist who advocates
Creators: name: Beall, Lindsey
name: Myers, Teresa A.
name: Kotcher, John E.
name: Vraga, Emily K.
name: Maibach, Edward W.
Publisher: name: PLoS ONE
Year: 2017

description: In this article, we focus on the potential influence of a scientist’s advocacy position on the public’s perceived credibility of scientists as a whole. Further, we examine how the scientist’s solution position (information only, non-controversial, and controversial) affects the public’s perception of the scientist’s motivation for sharing information about specific issues (flu, marijuana, climate change, severe weather). Finally, we assess how perceived motivations mediate the relationship between solution position and credibility. Using data from a quota sample of American adults obtained by Qualtrics (n = 2,453), we found that in some conditions advocating for a solution positively predicted credibility, while in one condition, it negatively predicted scientist credibility. We also found that the influence of solution position on perceived credibility was mediated by several motivation perceptions; most notably through perception that the scientist was motivated to: (a) serve the public and (b) persuade the public. Further results and implications are discussed.
Anisotropic surface polaritons at isotropic-uniaxial interface: an exact algebraic solution
Creators: name: Golenitskii, K. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface polaritons in an anisotropic media posses a strong dependence of the wavevector on the propagation direction, which is called the isofrequency contour. This can lead to the fact that polariton propagation is possible only in a limited range of angles in the boundary plane. Notable examples are Dyakonov surface waves at the boundary of two dielectrics and hyperbolic plasmons in a hyperbolic metamaterial. Exact closed-form solutions of the polariton dispersion equation are known only in special cases: in a weakly anisotropic medium, and in an arbitrary medium for highly symmetric directions of polariton propagation. This work provides an universal exact solution in algebraic form for surface polariton at the interface of an arbitrary isotropic and an uniaxial media for the case of the optic axis parallel to the boundary. As an example, it is used to analyze the shapes of isofrequency contours of surface polaritons. The work brings together previously scattered results of studies on surface polaritons of various types in uniaxial media. In addition to the cases already considered in the literature, a solution for surface polaritons at the boundary of a isotropic metal and a Type I hyperbolic medium is found. The case of "elliptic" polaritons at the boundary of an anisotropic metal-like medium is apparently analyzed here for the first time.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, to be published in Physical Review B
ItemSage: Learning Product Embeddings for Shopping Recommendations at Pinterest
Creators: name: Baltescu, Paul
name: Chen, Haoyu
name: Pancha, Nikil
name: Zhai, Andrew
name: Leskovec, Jure
name: Rosenberg, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learned embeddings for products are an important building block for web-scale e-commerce recommendation systems. At Pinterest, we build a single set of product embeddings called ItemSage to provide relevant recommendations in all shopping use cases including user, image and search based recommendations. This approach has led to significant improvements in engagement and conversion metrics, while reducing both infrastructure and maintenance cost. While most prior work focuses on building product embeddings from features coming from a single modality, we introduce a transformer-based architecture capable of aggregating information from both text and image modalities and show that it significantly outperforms single modality baselines. We also utilize multi-task learning to make ItemSage optimized for several engagement types, leading to a candidate generation system that is efficient for all of the engagement objectives of the end-to-end recommendation system. Extensive offline experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach and results from online A/B experiments show substantial gains in key business metrics (up to +7% gross merchandise value/user and +11% click volume).
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
title: The Impact of the Russian-Georgian War on Sino-Russian Relations: A Longitudinal Analysis
Creators: name: Turner, Susan C.
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: China
subject: Georgia
subject: Russia
subject: South Ossetia
subject: Abkhazia

description: Upon scrutinizing current Sino-Russian relations, one uncovers a carefully constructed partnership hinged upon strategic points of collaboration and laden with areas of contention. The Russian-Georgian War in August 2008 and China‘s decision not to endorse Russia‘s actions demonstrated to the world that despite the two countries‘ partnership China and Russia differ dramatically in the kind of power they use to situate themselves on the world stage. Consequently, some scholars have already placed the Russian-Georgian War among a long list of situations that exemplify the stagnation of the Sino-Russian friendship. This paper counters these assumptions by examining China‘s extended discourse on Russia after the war in order to assess the true impact of the war on Sino-Russian relations. Since the Russian-Georgian War challenged some of the very principles of the Sino-Russian friendship (as codified in the 2001 Sino-Russian Friendship Treaty and the SCO Establishment Charter), it is seemingly logical to think that it would cause a rift in China and Russia‘s relations. My research, however, has shown the opposite to be true. Rather than disagreeing with Russia‘s display of hard power against Georgia and its tough stance toward America, China repeatedly chose in its domestic media to support Russia‘s aggressive actions and attitude. This expression of support was not limited to articles about the Russian-Georgian War, but also appeared in China‘s discourse on different issues, indicating that China has rethought its position as a neutral party in the relations between the United States and Russia.
Supplementary material.docx
Creators: name: Kardani, Astrid Kristina
name: Fitri, Loeki Enggar
name: Samsu, Nur
name: Subandiyah, Krisni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Nephrotic syndrome, a multifaceted medical condition characterized by significant proteinuria, has recently prompted a reorientation of research efforts towards B-cell-mediated mechanisms. This shift in focus underscores the pivotal role played by B cells in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore potential therapeutic pathways, with specific attention given to compounds found in Physalis angulata, including withanolides, such as physalins, which constitute one of the five distinct withanolide subgroups identified in Physalis angulata. Furthermore, the study assessed the monoclonal antibody belimumab, designed to target B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and its associated receptors (TACI, BCMA, and BAFF-R). Various research techniques were employed, encompassing data mining, bioactivity analysis, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) profiling, molecular modelling, and docking studies. Withanolide demonstrates potential as an inhibitor for the protein BAFF, showing a binding energy of -7.1 kcal/mol. Physalin F emerges as the leading candidate inhibitor for the protein TACI, with a binding energy of -8.3 kcal/mol. Similarly, withanolide is identified as the top inhibitor candidate for the protein BCMA, exhibiting a binding energy of -7.0 kcal/mol. The most favorable interaction with BAFF-R is observed with physalin F, which displays a binding energy of -8.0 kcal/mol. The results of this investigation demonstrate substantial promise, indicating that these withanolides and withaphysalin A compounds derived from Physalis angulata offer alternative avenues for B-cell targeting. Consequently, this presents fresh opportunities for pioneering treatments in the management of nephrotic syndrome.
Universal scattering phase shift in the presence of spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Zhang, Cai-Xia
name: Peng, Shi-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering phase shift, as a key parameter in scattering theory, plays an important role in characterizing low-energy collisions between ultracold atoms. In this work, we theoretically investigate the universal low-energy behavior of the scattering phase shifts for cold atoms in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. We first construct the asymptotic form of the two-body wave function when two fermions get as close as the interaction range, and consider perturbatively the correction of the spin-orbit coupling up to the second order, in which new scattering parameters are introduced. Then for elastic collisions, the scattering phase shifts are defined according to the unitary scattering $S$ matrix. We show how the low-energy behavior of the scattering phase shifts is modified by these new scattering parameters introduced by spin-orbit coupling. The universality of the scattering phase shifts is manifested as the independence of the specific form of the interatomic potential. The explicit forms of the new scattering parameters are analytically derived within a model of the spherical-square-well potential. Our method provides a unified description of the low-energy properties of scattering phase shifts in the presence of spin-orbit coupling.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Constructing model-agnostic likelihoods, a method for the reinterpretation of particle physics results
Creators: name: Gärtner, Lorenz
name: Hartmann, Nikolai
name: Heinrich, Lukas
name: Horstmann, Malin
name: Kuhr, Thomas
name: Reboud, Méril
name: Stefkova, Slavomira
name: van Dyk, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental High Energy Physics has entered an era of precision measurements. However, measurements of many of the accessible processes assume that the final states' underlying kinematic distribution is the same as the Standard Model prediction. This assumption introduces an implicit model-dependency into the measurement, rendering the reinterpretation of the experimental analysis complicated without reanalysing the underlying data. We present a novel reweighting method in order to perform reinterpretation of particle physics measurements. It makes use of reweighting the Standard Model templates according to kinematic signal distributions of alternative theoretical models, prior to performing the statistical analysis. The generality of this method allows us to perform statistical inference in the space of theoretical parameters, assuming different kinematic distributions, according to a beyond Standard Model prediction. We implement our method as an extension to the pyhf software and interface it with the EOS software, which allows us to perform flavor physics phenomenology studies. Furthermore, we argue that, beyond the pyhf or HistFactory likelihood specification, only minimal information is necessary to make a likelihood model-agnostic and hence easily reinterpretable. We showcase that publishing such likelihoods is crucial for a full exploitation of experimental results.
title: Regulatory Effects of Iron and Quorum Sensing on Virulence Factor Expression in Vibrio vulnificus
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quorum sensing
subject: Vibrio vulnificus
subject: Iron
subject: Virulence factors
subject: Environmental gene regulation
subject: Vibriosis

description: As antibiotic resistance in Vibrio vulnificus becomes more abundant, there is a greater need to identify new therapeutic measures to combat infections. To do so, it is important to understand which environmental factors contribute to the virulence of the organism. Such factors include cell density and iron prevalence. This review evaluated studies that explored how genetic and protein factors related to iron prevalence and cell density impact the virulence of V. vulnificus through iron-dependent gene expression and quorum sensing mechanisms respectively. Changes in virulence were determined through the expression of virulence factors such as proteases and hemolysins. It was ultimately observed that increases in quorum sensing promoted the expression of proteases VVP and VvpE. Increased quorum sensing also seemed to repress the expression of the hemolysin VVH. Meanwhile, the enhanced presence of iron stimulated VvpE production and transcriptionally repressed hemolysin expression. These systems of iron-dependent gene expression and quorum sensing also seemed to play roles in regulating each other, with quorum sensing being more heavily regulated by iron prevalence. These findings shed light on mechanisms by which iron prevalence and quorum sensing impact the virulence of V. vulnificus. Such knowledge may be used to identify potential pharmaceutical targets to ease virulence in cases of acute vibriosis and reduce the use of conventional antibiotic
Trends in Workplace Wearable Technologies and Connected-Worker Solutions for Next-Generation Occupational Safety, Health, and Productivity
Creators: name: Patel, Vishal
name: Chesmore, Austin
name: Legner, Christopher M.
name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The workplace influences the safety, health, and productivity of workers at multiple levels. To protect and promote total worker health, smart hardware, and software tools have emerged for the identification, elimination, substitution, and control of occupational hazards. Wearable devices enable constant monitoring of individual workers and the environment, whereas connected worker solutions provide contextual information and decision support. Here, the recent trends in commercial workplace technologies to monitor and manage occupational risks, injuries, accidents, and diseases are reviewed. Workplace safety wearables for safe lifting, ergonomics, hazard identification, sleep monitoring, fatigue management, and heat and cold stress are discussed. Examples of workplace productivity wearables for asset tracking, augmented reality, gesture and motion control, brain wave sensing, and work stress management are given. Workplace health wearables designed for work-related musculoskeletal disorders, functional movement disorders, respiratory hazards, cardiovascular health, outdoor sun exposure, and continuous glucose monitoring are shown. Connected worker platforms are discussed with information about the architecture, system modules, intelligent operations, and industry applications. Predictive analytics provide contextual information about occupational safety risks, resource allocation, equipment failure, and predictive maintenance. Altogether, these examples highlight the ground-level benefits of real-time visibility about frontline workers, work environment, distributed assets, workforce efficiency, and safety compliance
Privacy Impact Assessments in the Wild: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Iwaya, Leonardo Horn
name: Alaqra, Ala Sarah
name: Hansen, Marit
name: Fischer-Hübner, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) offer a systematic process for assessing the privacy impacts of a project or system. As a privacy engineering strategy, PIAs are heralded as one of the main approaches to privacy by design, supporting the early identification of threats and controls. However, there is still a shortage of empirical evidence on their uptake and proven effectiveness in practice. To better understand the current state of literature and research, this paper provides a comprehensive Scoping Review (ScR) on the topic of PIAs "in the wild", following the well-established Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. As a result, this ScR includes 45 studies, providing an extensive synthesis of the existing body of knowledge, classifying types of research and publications, appraising the methodological quality of primary research, and summarising the positive and negative aspects of PIAs in practice, as reported by studies. This ScR also identifies significant research gaps (e.g., evidence gaps from contradictory results and methodological gaps from research design deficiencies), future research pathways, and implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers developing and evaluating PIA frameworks. As we conclude, there is still a significant need for more primary research on the topic, both qualitative and quantitative. A critical appraisal of qualitative studies (n=28) revealed deficiencies in the methodological quality, and only four quantitative studies were identified, suggesting that current primary research remains incipient. Nonetheless, PIAs can be regarded as a prominent sub-area in the broader field of Empirical Privacy Engineering, warranting further research toward more evidence-based practices.
description: 67 pages, 10 figures
Nutcracker phenomenon secondary to superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Creators: name: Pacheco, Tulio Brasileiro Silva
name: Chacon, Andre Camara Matoso
name: Brite, Jasmine
name: Sohail, Amir H.
name: Gangwani, Manesh Kumar
name: Malgor, Rafael D.
name: Levine, Jun
name: do Amaral Gurgel, Gutenberg
Publisher: name: PRIME
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320226
subject: Surgery

description: AbstractSuperior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, compression of the duodenum due to a decreased angle between the aorta and SMA, has a wide range of clinical presentations making it difficult to diagnose. Compression of the left renal vein is known as Nutcracker syndrome. We present the case of a 26-year-old male with a delayed diagnosis of SMA syndrome and Nutcracker phenomenon due to the patient's history of chronic pancreatitis. As a result of his obstruction and aspiration pneumonia, he was diagnosed with septic shock. The patient was treated for septic shock and maintained on an enteric diet with improvement in the body mass index and complete resolution of SMA syndrome symptoms.
title: Report: National Audubon Society, "Survey and Nature Center Plan for Reston, Virginia," June 24, 1968
Creators: name: National Audubon Society
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Reston (Va.)

description: Textual: brochure, original; 11” x 8.5” (27.9 cm x 21.6 cm)
description: Report from the National Audubon Society entitled "Survey and Nature Center Plan for Reston, Virginia" dated June 24, 1968. This report provides a proposal for the preservation of ten and a half acres in Reston, Virginia for a nature center. The excerpt provided here is entitled the "The Reston Concept." This section of the report focuses on how Reston should go about green space preservation. Four "pointers" have been proposed for Reston developers to keep in mind as preservation is attempted. Planned Community Archives Collection, rm02.07.
Video Capsule Endoscopy and Ingestible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Sensors, Circuits, Materials, Telemetry, Optics, and Rapid Reading Software
Creators: name: Miley, Dylan
name: Machado, Leonardo Bertoncello
name: Condo, Calvin
name: Jergens, Albert E.
name: Yoon, Kyoung-Jin
name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Real-time monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract in a safe and comfortable manner is valuable for the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Within this realm, our review captures the trends in ingestible capsule systems with a focus on hardware and software technologies used for capsule endoscopy and remote patient monitoring. We introduce the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal tract, and the FDA guidelines for ingestible wireless telemetric medical devices. We survey the advanced features incorporated in ingestible capsule systems, such as microrobotics, closed-loop feedback, physiological sensing, nerve stimulation, sampling and delivery, panoramic imaging with adaptive frame rates, and rapid reading software. Examples of experimental and commercialized capsule systems are presented with descriptions of their sensors, devices, and circuits for gastrointestinal health monitoring. We also show the recent research in biocompatible materials and batteries, edible electronics, and alternative energy sources for ingestible capsule systems. The results from clinical studies are discussed for the assessment of key performance indicators related to the safety and effectiveness of ingestible capsule procedures. Lastly, the present challenges and outlook are summarized with respect to the risks to health, clinical testing and approval process, and technology adoption by patients and clinicians.
Hydrodynamics for asymmetric simple exclusion on a finite segment with Glauber-type source
Creators: name: Xu, Lu
name: Zhao, Linjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an open interacting particle system on a finite lattice. The particles perform asymmetric simple exclusion and are randomly created or destroyed at all sites, with rates that grow rapidly near the boundaries. We study the hydrodynamic limit for the particle density at the hyperbolic space-time scale and obtain the entropy solution to a boundary-driven quasilinear conservation law with a relaxation term. Different from the usual boundary conditions introduced in [Bardos, Roux, and Nedelec, (1979), Comm. Part. Diff. Equ], discontinuity (boundary layer) does not formulate at the boundaries due to the strong relaxation scheme.
title: Correspondence: Lela B. Hewlett and C. Harrison Mann, Jr., June 11, 1953-June 22, 1953
Creators: name: Hewlett, Lela B.
name: Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Shirley Highway (VA)
subject: Transportation
subject: Traffic

description: Letter A: typescript signed, 10.5" 8" (26.7 cm x 20.3 cm); Letter B: typescript unsigned, 11" x 8.5" (27.9 cm x 21.6 cm)
description: Correspondence between Lela B. Hewlett and C. Harrison Mann, Jr. regarding efforts to remove excessive truck traffic from Shirley Highway. C. Harrison Mann, Jr. Collection 3.03
End-to-end simulation of particle physics events with Flow Matching and generator Oversampling
Creators: name: Vaselli, Francesco
name: Cattafesta, Filippo
name: Asenov, Patrick
name: Rizzi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simulation of high-energy physics collision events is a key element for data analysis at present and future particle accelerators. The comparison of simulation predictions to data allows looking for rare deviations that can be due to new phenomena not previously observed. We show that novel machine learning algorithms, specifically Normalizing Flows and Flow Matching, can be used to replicate accurate simulations from traditional approaches with several orders of magnitude of speed-up. The classical simulation chain starts from a physics process of interest, computes energy deposits of particles and electronics response, and finally employs the same reconstruction algorithms used for data. Eventually, the data are reduced to some high-level analysis format. Instead, we propose an end-to-end approach, simulating the final data format directly from physical generator inputs, skipping any intermediate steps. We use particle jets simulation as a benchmark for comparing both discrete and continuous Normalizing Flows models. The models are validated across a variety of metrics to identify the most accurate. We discuss the scaling of performance with the increase in training data, as well as the generalization power of these models on physical processes different from the training one. We investigate sampling multiple times from the same physical generator inputs, a procedure we name oversampling, and we show that it can effectively reduce the statistical uncertainties of a dataset. This class of ML algorithms is found to be capable of learning the expected detector response independently of the physical input process. Their speed and accuracy, coupled with the stability of the training procedure, make them a compelling tool for the needs of current and future experiments.
description: 35 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Machine Learning: Science and Technology. Added references