cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nebular metallicities in isolated dwarf irregular galaxies
Creators: name: Nicholls, David Conway
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: hydrogen nebulae
spectra
temperatures
nebular abundances
non-equilibrium energies

description: The motive for this work was to investigate whether small, isolated gas-rich galaxies show evidence of chemical evolution, by studying their nebular metallicities. I have identified a sample of 83 objects chosen for low luminosity and mass, the presence of active star formation, and isolation from other galaxies and galaxy clusters that might generate tidal effects or enrich the intergalactic medium. From these I have measured the spectra of 35 objects, using theWiFeS IFU spectrograph on the ANU 2.3m telescope at Siding Spring. In analysing spectra extracted from the WiFeS data cubes, I found that standard ‘strong line’ methods using emission line ratios to measure atomic abundances, gave either erratic or no results. I found that for those galaxies showing the [O iii] 4363Å auroral line, the metallicities determined using the standard ‘electron temperature’ methodwere inconsistent with previous published work. This led me to investigate the conventional assumption that electrons in Hii regions are in thermal equilibrium. I show that the non-equilibrium ‘ ’ electron energy distribution, found almost universally in solar system plasmas, can explain the long recognised ‘abundance discrepancy’ between recombination line and collisional line abundance calculations in nebular metallicity measurements. This has added an important new dimension to the analysis of nebular spectra. Using the extensively revised Mappings photoionisation modelling code and new atomic data to analyse the spectra of two exceptionally isolated dwarf galaxies, I find that they exhibit metallicities similar to galaxies in more crowded environments, and appear to have evolved quite normally, through periodic star formation and subsequent enrichment of their interstellar media. I present a new approach for calculating total oxygen abundance using electron temperatures that appears to give more consistent results than earlier methods. I apply this to my measured spectra, together with the revised Mappings photoionisation modelling code, to explore the physical parameters affecting the measurement of nebular metallicities. In particular, I find strong evidence for several of the observed nebulae being—in part—optically thin. I use the models to show that nebular optical depth affects measured abundances and temperatures, and that electron densities also have an important role. I develop models that give a very good match to the observations. I conclude that the measurement of abundances and temperatures in Hii regions is a more complex question than had generally been assumed, and important physical parameters affecting the measurement processes have in the past not been taken fully into account.
Introduction to sterile neutrinos
Creators: name: Volkas, Raymond R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Model-building issues raised by the prospect of light sterile neutrinos are discussed in a pedagogical way. I first review the na\"ıve proposal that sterile neutrinos be identified with ``right handed neutrinos''. A critical discussion of the simple expedient of adding three gauge singlet fermions to the usual minimal standard model matter content is followed by an examination of right handed neutrinos in extended theories. I introduce the terminology of ``fully sterile'' and ``weakly sterile'' to classify varieties usually conflated under the sterile neutrino banner. After introducing the concepts of ``technical naturalness'' and plain ``naturalness'', the unbearable lightness of being a sterile neutrino is confronted. This problem is used to motivate mirror neutrinos, whose connection with pairwise maximal mixing is emphasised. Some brief remarks about phenomenology are made throughout. The impossibility of identifying the sole sterile neutrino of the currently favoured $2 + 2$ and $3 + 1$ phenomenological constructs as a lone gauge singlet fermion added to the minimal standard model is explained. Finally, I remark on the beauty and subtlety of light sterile neutrino cosmology.
description: 14 pages, latex. Invited lecture at the "International School of Nuclear Physics, 23rd Course: Neutrinos in Astro, Particle and Nuclear Physics", Erice, Italy, 18-26 Sept 2001. To appear in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
A Quintessential Axion
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
name: Nilles, Hans Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model independent axion of string theory has a decay constant of order of the Planck scale. We explore the properties of this quintessence candidate (quintaxion) in the scheme of hidden sector supergravity breakdown. In models allowing for a reasonable $μ$ term, the hidden sector dynamics may lead to an almost flat potential responsible for the vacuum energy of $(0.003 {\rm eV})^4$. A solution to the strong CP-problem is provided by an additional hidden sector pseudoscalar (QCD axion) with properties that make it an acceptable candidate for cold dark matter of the universe.
description: 11 pages, Revtex, 1 figure
Additional file 7 of Integrated analyses of miRNA-mRNA expression profiles of ovaries reveal the crucial interaction networks that regulate the prolificacy of goats in the follicular phase
Creators: name: Liu, Yufang
name: Zhou, Zuyang
name: He, Xiaoyun
name: Tao, Lin
name: Jiang, Yanting
name: Lan, Rong
name: Hong, Qionghua
name: Chu, Mingxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Fig. S1. The sequence of miRNA-mRNA pair for Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay.
Additional file 4 of The application of drones for mosquito larval habitat identification in rural environments: a practical approach for malaria control?
Creators: name: Stanton, Michelle C.
name: Kalonde, Patrick
name: Zembere, Kennedy
name: Hoek Spaans, Remy
name: Jones, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 4. An example of a contingency table and individual class accuracy summaries obtained using a classification obtained without NIR-derived variables, applied to the interpolated area only.
Additional file 3: of The variation profile of intestinal microbiota in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) during feeding habit transition
Creators: name: Wei, Jin
name: Guo, Xianwu
name: Liu, Han
name: Chen, Yuanyuan
name: Wang, Weimin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Rarefaction curves estimating the richness (at a 97% similarity level) of intestinal microbiota derived from nine diet sub-stages. The vertical axis shows the number of OTUs that would be detected after sampling the sequences, of which the number was shown on the horizontal axis. (DOCX 79 kb)
More Straightforward Extraction of the Fundamental Lepton Mixing Parameters from Long-Baseline Neutrino Oscillations
Creators: name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out the simple reversibility between the fundamental neutrino mixing parameters in vacuum and their effective counterparts in matter. The former can therefore be expressed in terms of the latter, allowing more straightforward extraction of the genuine lepton mixing quantities from a variety of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. In addition to the parametrization-independent results, we present the formulas based on the standard parametrization of the lepton flavor mixing matrix and give a typical numerical illustration.
description: RevTex 10 pages. Minor changes. Phys. Rev. D in printing
State of Health Assessment of Spent Lithium–Ion Batteries Based on Voltage Integral during the Constant Current Charge
Creators: name: Amuta, Ote
name: Kowal, Julia
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: lithium–ion battery
subject: second life
subject: integration
subject: voltage integral
subject: estimation
subject: state of health
subject: SOH

description: Lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) are used in many personal electronic devices (PED) and energy-demanding applications such as electric vehicles. After their first use, rather than dispose of them for recycling, some may still have reasonable capacity and can be used in secondary applications. The current test methods to assess them are either slow, complex or expensive. The voltage integral during the constant current (CC) charge of the same model of LIBs strongly correlates with the state of health (SOH) and is faster than a full capacity check. Compared to the filtering requirement in the incremental capacity (IC) and differential voltage (DV) or the complex analysis in the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS), the voltage integral offers a simple integration method, just like the simple capacity Coulomb’s counter that is installed in many BMS for estimating the SOC of LIBs. By obtaining the voltage integral of a relatively new cell and an old cell of the same model with known SOH at a given ambient temperature and CC charge, the SOH of other similar cells can be easily estimated by finding their voltage integrals.
Mechanical Properties of α-Chitin and Chitosan Biocomposite: A Molecular Dynamic Study
Creators: name: Salavati, Mohammad
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: α-chitin
subject: chitosan
subject: biocomposite
subject: nanoscale mechanical properties
subject: molecular dynamics
subject: uniaxial tensile loading

description: This study investigates the mechanical properties of α-chitin and chitosan biocomposites using molecular dynamics (MD) and stress–strain analyses under uniaxial tensile loading in an aqueous environment. Our models, validated against experimental data, show that α-chitin has a higher directional elastic modulus of 51.76 GPa in the x and 39.76 GPa in the y directions compared to its chitosan biocomposite, with 31.66 GPa and 26.00 GPa in the same directions, demonstrating distinct mechanical behaviors between α-chitin and the biocomposite. The greater mechanical stiffness of α-chitin can be attributed to its highly crystalline molecular structure, offering potential advantages for applications requiring load-bearing capabilities. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing these materials for specialized applications.
Additional file 3 of The application of drones for mosquito larval habitat identification in rural environments: a practical approach for malaria control?
Creators: name: Stanton, Michelle C.
name: Kalonde, Patrick
name: Zembere, Kennedy
name: Hoek Spaans, Remy
name: Jones, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3. A description of the variables that were derived from the images captured by the drones.
Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR2 - I. Binarity from proper motion anomaly
Creators: name: Kervella, P.
name: Gallenne, A.
name: Evans, N. R.
name: Szabados, L.
name: Arenou, F.
name: Mérand, A.
name: Proto, Y.
name: Karczmarek, P.
name: Nardetto, N.
name: Gieren, W.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) are important classes of variable stars used as standard candles to estimate galactic and extragalactic distances. Their multiplicity is imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs. Astoundingly, to date only one RRL has convincingly been demonstrated to be a binary, TU UMa, out of tens of thousands of known RRLs. Our aim is to detect the binary and multiple stars present in a sample of Milky Way CCs and RRLs. In the present article, we combine the Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 positions to determine the mean proper motion of the targets, and we search for proper motion anomalies (PMa) caused by close-in orbiting companions. We identify 57 CC binaries from PMa out of 254 tested stars and 75 additional candidates, confirming the high binary fraction of these massive stars. For 28 binary CCs, we determine the companion mass by combining their spectroscopic orbital parameters and astrometric PMa. We detect 13 RRLs showing a significant PMa out of 198 tested stars, and 61 additional candidates. We determine that the binary fraction of CCs is likely above 80%, while that of RRLs is at least 7%. The newly detected systems will be useful to improve our understanding of their evolutionary states. The discovery of a significant number of RRLs in binary systems also resolves the long-standing mystery of their extremely low apparent binary fraction.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press
Additional file 2 of The application of drones for mosquito larval habitat identification in rural environments: a practical approach for malaria control?
Creators: name: Stanton, Michelle C.
name: Kalonde, Patrick
name: Zembere, Kennedy
name: Hoek Spaans, Remy
name: Jones, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2. Number of training and testing segments that were manually created for each land class.
Aboriginal Cultural Heritage on Farmlands: The Perceptions of Farmers of the Tatiara District of South Australia
Creators: name: Toone, Gary Robert
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Cultural heritage
Aboriginal cultural heritage
Aboriginal cultural resources
Aboriginal heritage management
cross-cultural heritage management
Heritage conservation
Farm management
South Australia
Tatiara

description: The management of Aboriginal cultural heritage in intensively settled and farmed regions of Australia faces legal and ethical challenges. This study examines how fifteen farmers from the Tatiara District of South Australia perceive Aboriginal Cultural Resources (ACR) and Aboriginal Cultural Heritage (ACH) on their freehold farmland. Drawing on the concept of cultural heritage as a cultural process, the thesis employs an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology to interpret the findings of detailed interviews which explored the perspectives of farmer stakeholders and the way ACR and ACH is managed in farming contexts. Previous research on Aboriginal heritage has focused on the interests and perspectives of Aboriginal, professional and government stakeholders. However, in terms of effective management of ACR and ACH in farming landscapes, a pivotal ‘first step’ is understanding the points of view of the farmers on whose land the ACR resides: how Aboriginal heritage fits within the ‘lived life’ of agriculture; what farmers know of South Australian Aboriginal cultural heritage protection legislation and administration; and how they understand the protection of ACR and ACH on their farms. This thesis finds that, despite uncertain understandings of cultural heritage, Tatiara farmers have a positive attitude toward protecting and preserving ACR. However, a marginalisation of farmers in Aboriginal heritage management leaves them feeling ignorant, incompetent, vulnerable and reluctant to engage and deal with Aboriginal issues. These findings highlight the significance of including all stakeholders in cultural heritage management regimes and of facilitating dialogue between farmers and those Aboriginal communities for whom the cultural resources on farms have the potential to become heritage. Stakeholder cooperation and collaboration is particularly necessary in circumstances where cultural resources are divorced from cultural knowledge, control and ownership. The results of this study suggest that efficacious Aboriginal heritage management in cross-cultural situations rests on an investment in the capacity of non-Aboriginal stakeholders to engage with Aboriginal cultures and heritage, and for Aboriginal people to engage with ‘known’ and ‘unknown’ ACR with the potential to become ACH. The conclusion of this study is that worthwhile Aboriginal heritage management will likely emanate from mutual respectful, trusting relationships, developed in local ethical spaces supporting stakeholder cross-cultural communication, negotiation and collaboration.
Additional file 1 of The application of drones for mosquito larval habitat identification in rural environments: a practical approach for malaria control?
Creators: name: Stanton, Michelle C.
name: Kalonde, Patrick
name: Zembere, Kennedy
name: Hoek Spaans, Remy
name: Jones, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. Locations of reservoirs around which the drone image capture and entomological surveys were focused. The area covered represents the size of the area captured in the drone imagery.
The Tidal Disruption of Sun-like Stars by Massive Black Holes
Creators: name: Law-Smith, Jamie
name: Guillochon, James
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first simulations of the tidal disruption of stars with realistic structures and compositions by massive black holes (BHs). We build stars in the stellar evolution code MESA and simulate their disruption in the 3D adaptive-mesh hydrodynamics code FLASH, using an extended Helmholtz equation of state and tracking 49 elements. We study the disruption of a 1$M_\odot$ star and 3$M_\odot$ star at zero-age main sequence (ZAMS), middle-age, and terminal-age main sequence (TAMS). The maximum BH mass for tidal disruption increases by a factor of $\sim$2 from stellar radius changes due to MS evolution; this is equivalent to varying BH spin from 0 to 0.75. The shape of the mass fallback rate curves is different from the results for polytropes of Guillochon & Ramirez-Ruiz (2013). The peak timescale $t_{\rm peak}$ increases with stellar age, while the peak fallback rate $\dot M_{\rm peak}$ decreases with age, and these effects diminish with increasing impact parameter $β$. For a $β=1$ disruption of a 1$M_\odot$ star by a $10^6 M_\odot$ BH, from ZAMS to TAMS, $t_{\rm peak}$ increases from 30 to 54 days, while $\dot M_{\rm peak}$ decreases from 0.66 to 0.14 $M_\odot$/yr. Compositional anomalies in nitrogen, helium, and carbon can occur before the peak timescale for disruptions of MS stars, which is in contrast to predictions from the "frozen-in" model. More massive stars can show stronger anomalies at earlier times, meaning that compositional constraints can be key in determining the mass of the disrupted star. The abundance anomalies predicted by these simulations provide a natural explanation for the spectral features and varying line strengths observed in tidal disruption events.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Phase transition and critical behaviour of the d=3 Gross-Neveu model
Creators: name: Hoefling, F.
name: Nowak, C.
name: Wetterich, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A second order phase transition for the three dimensional Gross-Neveu model is established for one fermion species N=1. This transition breaks a paritylike discrete symmetry. It constitutes its peculiar universality class with critical exponent ν= 0.63 and scalar and fermionic anomalous dimension η_σ= 0.31 and η_ψ= 0.11, respectively. We also compute critical exponents for other N. Our results are based on exact renormalization group equations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; v4 corresponds to the published article
Additional file 1 of The holobiont transcriptome of teneral tsetse fly species of varying vector competence
Creators: name: Medina Munoz, Miguel
name: Brenner, Caitlyn
name: Richmond, Dylan
name: Spencer, Noah
name: Rio, Rita V. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Mean quality scores by position of the reads. Fig. S2. Read count per library. Fig. S3. Comparison of total reads and mapped reads between tsetse species libraries. Fig. S4. Within species comparison of highly expressed Wigglesworthia genes among two tsetse species isolates.
Protapes cor
Creators: name: Yasser, Amaal Gh.
name: Naser, Murtada D.
name: Abdul-Sahib, Ibtisam M.
name: Abdullah, Dawood S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Venerida
Veneridae
Protapes
Protapes cor

description: Protapes cor (G. B. Sowerby II, 1853)
(Fig. 1D)
Material examined: 3 specimens, length= 75mm, (MSC:503).
Shell description
Beaks much forward of the midline Globose. Suborbicular, about as high as it is long, with a somewhat narrow, pouting anterior border. Lunule not defined and lunule margin horizontal or almost so. The sculpture is initially composed of very thin lines that progressively become coarser and more narrow. The pallial sinus is brief, gently rising, and its apex is subacute. White to filthy beige with no radial coloration.
Habitat: Living offshore in the mud.
Distribution: NWG, SEG (Fig. 2).
description: Published as part of Yasser, Amaal Gh., Naser, Murtada D., Abdul-Sahib, Ibtisam M. & Abdullah, Dawood S., 2023, New records of bivalves from the Iraqi coast, pp. 50-54 in Ecologica Montenegrina 62 on page 52, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.62.7, http://zenodo.org/record/8044369
The Hosotani Mechanism in Bulk Gauge Theories with an Orbifold Extra Space S^1/Z_2
Creators: name: Kubo, Masahiro
name: Lim, C. S.
name: Yamashita, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We pursue the possibility of the scenario in which the Higgs field is identified with the extra-space component of a bulk gauge field. The space-time we take is M$^{4}$ $\otimes$ S$^1$/Z$_2$. We show that a non-trivial Z$_2$-parity assignment allows some of the extra-space component to have radiatively induced VEV, which strongly modifies the mass spectrum and gauge symmetry of the theory, realized by oribifolding. In particular we investigate the dynamical mass generation of zero-mode fermion and spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking due to the VEV. The gauge theories we adopt are a prototype model SU(2) and SU(3) model, of special interest as the realistic minimal scheme to incorporate the standard model SU(2) $\times$ U(1).
description: 16 pages 3 figures
Semileptonic B --> eta l nu decay in light cone QCD
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Kanik, I.
name: Ozpineci, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study semileptonic decay B --> eta l nu. The transition form factors for this decays are calculated by using light cone QCD sum rules.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Carbon nanoparticles enhance potassium uptake via upregulating potassium channel expression and imitating biological ion channels in BY-2 cells
Creators: name: Chen, Lijuan
name: Yang, Jinchu
name: Li, Xiang
name: Liang, Taibo
name: Nie, Cong
name: Xie, Fuwei
name: Liu, Kejian
name: Peng, Xiaojun
name: Xie, Jianping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Effect of exogenous K+ on the intracellular K+ content in the presence of CNPs in BY-2 cells. A: without addition of exogenous K+, B: with addition of exogenous K+ at concentration of 20 mM except for control group. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (n = 4). Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference compared with control group and group containing 20 mM K+ without CNPs (p < 0.05). Figure S2. Changes in extracellular matrix pH value treated with different concentration of CNPs. Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference compared with control group and group containing 46.88 mM K+ without CNPs (p < 0.05). Table S1. Primer sequences.
Integral representation of the cosmic microwave background spectrum
Creators: name: Alexanian, Moorad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an integral representation for nonthermal radiation, which is bounded from below and above, to describe the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The upper bound is given by the Rayleigh-Jeans law with a temperature $T_{RJ}$ that can be determined by the absorption signal of 21 cm photons, where $T_{RJ}$ represents the equilibrium temperature of photons in the RJ tail. If $T_{RJ}>T_{CMB}$, then the lower bound allows us to conclude that photons, additional to the remnant of the Big Bang, are needed to explain the present CMB. These constraints are additional to other cosmological or astrophysical constraints in the study of the distortions of the CMB brought about by new physics particles or fields.
description: Physical Review D (to be published). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1809.09148 by other authors
Additional file 2 of A qualitative study exploring barriers to adequate uptake of antenatal care in pre-conflict Syria: low cost interventions are needed to address disparities in antenatal care
Creators: name: Mourtada, Rima
name: Bashour, Hyam
name: Houben, Fiona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Demographic characteristics of women in Aleppo and Latakia governorates.
Star Formation Within Nearby Galaxies
Creators: name: Parkash, Vaishali
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Astrophysics
Interstellar and Intergalactic Matter
Extragalactic Astronomy

description: Galaxies, like the Milky Way in which we live, grow by merging with other galaxies and forming new stars. Star formation is fuelled by the cooling and collapse of clouds of gas, and this thesis aims to understand the interplay between gas, star formation, and galaxy mass. Using data collected from telescopes around the world, we find that star formation increases with the gas content of a galaxy, although we also identify a small population of galaxies with significant gas reservoirs that are not forming stars.
Orchestina itapety Izquierdo 2017, new species
Creators: name: Izquierdo, Matías Andrés
name: Ramírez, Martín J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Orchestina
Orchestina itapety

description: Orchestina itapety Izquierdo, new species   Figures 125A–C, 136C, 138F, map 24
TYPE: Female holotype from Brazil: São Paulo: Mogi das Cruzes: Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety (-23.47048°, -46.15618°), Oct. 13, 2003, to Oct. 19, 2003, Equipe Biota, deposited in IBSP 66824, PBI_OON 42220.
ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
 DIAGNOSIS: Females resemble those of O. catarina and O. saudade by the presence of external pockets near median area but can be distinguished by having the pockets closer and larger than in the other species (figs. 136C, 138F).
MALE: Unknown.
FEMALE (PBI_OON 42220): Total length 1.38. Habitus as in figure 125A–C. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Labium rectangular. GENITALIA: As in diagnosis, internal pockets absent; anterior receptaculum without anterior apodemes, apparently without lumen; posterior receptaculum apparently absent, posterior apodeme formed by entire plate (figs. 136C, 138F).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality in Brazil (São Paulo, map 24).
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: None.
description: Published as part of Izquierdo, Matías Andrés & Ramírez, Martín J., 2017, Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae), pp. 1 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2017 (410) on page 1, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5405613
Are There Incongruent Ground States in 2D Edwards-Anderson Spin Glasses?
Creators: name: Newman, C. M.
name: Stein, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed proof of a previously announced result (C.M. Newman and D.L. Stein, Phys. Rev. Lett. v. 84, pp. 3966--3969 (2000)) supporting the absence of multiple (incongruent) ground state pairs for 2D Edwards-Anderson spin glasses (with zero external field and, e.g., Gaussian couplings): if two ground state pairs (chosen from metastates with, e.g., periodic boundary conditions) on the infinite square lattice are distinct, then the dual bonds where they differ form a single doubly-infinite, positive-density domain wall. It is an open problem to prove that such a situation cannot occur (or else to show --- much less likely in our opinion --- that it indeed does happen) in these models. Our proof involves an analysis of how (infinite-volume) ground states change as (finitely many) couplings vary, which leads us to a notion of zero-temperature excitation metastates, that may be of independent interest.
description: 18 pages (LaTeX); 1 figure; minor revisions; to appear in Commun. Math. Phys
Additional file 1 of A qualitative study exploring barriers to adequate uptake of antenatal care in pre-conflict Syria: low cost interventions are needed to address disparities in antenatal care
Creators: name: Mourtada, Rima
name: Bashour, Hyam
name: Houben, Fiona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Conceptual Model. Appendix B. Sampling and recruitment.
Biographical data, poetic reputation and the protection of personal integrity
Creators: name: Schreuders, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This fictional scenario explores some dilemmas concerning research data management (RDM) in history, literary science and biography writing. Its actors are a biographical researcher vis-a-vis the literary community at large, and the anonymous possessor of datasets (presumably the hereditaries of primary source material), and the long dead biographee.

Issues raised by the scenario, which had to be concise due to a 250 words limit, are the following:

Conditions of secrecy imposed on data (texts) acquisition

Publication of data without disclosure of metadata

Reliability of data when not fully disclosed vs. protection of personal data

Interest of research and literary community at large vs. personal interest and right of privacy 

Interest of research and literary community at large vs. interest of researcher/biographer to keep data to herself

Motives of publicity and marketing in historical data management.
Electromagnetic corrections to gamma pi(+) -> pi(0) pi(+)
Creators: name: Ametller, Ll.
name: Knecht, M.
name: Talavera, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amplitude for the anomalous transitions gamma pi(+) -> pi(0) pi(+) is analyzed within Chiral Perturbation Theory including electromagnetic interactions. The presence of a t-channel one-photon exchange contribution induces sizeable e^2 corrections which enhance the cross-section in the threshold region and bring the theoretical prediction into agreement with available data. In the case of the crossed reaction gamma pi(0) -> pi(+) pi(-), the same contribution appears in the s-channel and its effects are small.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, fixed two typos, no changes
Inflationary Cosmology
Creators: name: Lazarides, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The big bang model and the history of the early universe according to the grand unified theories are introduced. The shortcomings of big bang are discussed together with their resolution by inflationary cosmology. Inflation, the subsequent oscillation and decay of the inflaton, and the resulting "reheating" of the universe are studied. The density perturbations produced by inflation and the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic background radiation are discussed. The hybrid inflationary model is described. Two "natural" extensions of this model which avoid the disaster encountered in its standard realization from the overproduction of monopoles are presented. Successful "reheating" satisfying the gravitino constraint takes place after the end of inflation in all three versions of hybrid inflation. Adequate baryogenesis via a primordial leptogenesis occurs consistently with the solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillation data. The primordial lepton asymmetry is turned partly into baryon asymmetry via the sphalerons which are summarized.
description: 40 pages; uses svmult.cls, physprbb.sty, subeqnar.sty, cropmark.sty, sprmindx.sty; minor corrections; lectures given at the "First Aegean Summer School on Cosmology", September 21-29 2001, Karlovassi, Samos, Greece (to appear in the proceedings)
Collaborating with the FBI on WWII
Creators: name: Schreuders, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is a fictional scenario based on a real research scandal, when a well-known historical crime was being reinvestigated by a so-called Cold Case Team, manipulating sources. 

The scenario raises questions related to the following ethical research dilemmas:

The scope of confidentiality in historical research.

The role of AI in historical research with scarcity of original sources.

The involvement in team work when there is no full disclosure of information.

Fraudulent and unethical quotation methods being used by other team members.

Unscientific line of reasoning used by other team members.

Involvement in the research can be harmful to others.

Difference in ethical evaluation of paid research.

There are other interesting issues related to it, but due to the maximum of 250 words we had to focus on the main problems for researches hypothetically involved.
Collective Resonances in Nanoparticle Oligomers
Creators: name: Hopkins, Benjamin Thomas
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Nanoparticle oligomers
all-dielectric nanophotonics
collective resonances
Fano resonances
chirality
circular dichroism

description: The study of nanostructured artificial media for optics has expanded rapidly over the last few decades, coupled with improvements of fabrication technology that have enabled investigation of previously unrealisable optical scattering systems. Such development is complemented by renewed impetus to understand the physics of optical scattering from complex subwavelength geometry and nanoparticle systems. Here I investigate speci cally the optical properties of closely packed arrangements of nanoparticles, known as nanoparticle oligomers, which provide an intuitive platform for analytical and numerical study on the formation and interplay of collective resonances. I consider both plasmonic nanoparticles, and also high-refractive-index dielectric nanoparticles that support Mie-type electric and magnetic dipole resonances. Specifi c outcomes of this study are listed as follows. (i) A new model is presented for optical Fano resonances, which is based on interference between nonorthogonal eigenmodes of the associated scattering object. This is demonstrated to correctly describe Fano resonances in both plasmonic and high-refractive-index dielectric nanoparticle oligomers; it also revealed capacity for two-channel Fano interference in the magnetic dipolar response from the dielectric oligomers. (ii) Polarisation-independent scattering and absorption losses are shown to be enforced by n-fold discrete rotational symmetry, Cn (n \geq 3), and reciprocal degeneracy of eigenmodes. (iii) A new form of circular dichroism is presented, which occurs due to the interaction of nonorthogonal resonances, and impacts the ratio of radiative scattering loss to dissipative absorption loss experienced by reciprocal plane waves. Geometric asymmetry and optical chirality are also reviewed to quantify the minimum symmetries that must be broken to allow other circular dichroism effects in chiral and achiral scattering objects. The sequence of general theoretical conclusions (i)-(iii) serve to build the understanding of optical scattering from nanoparticle systems while removing existing ambiguities.
Orchestina leon Izquierdo 2017, new species
Creators: name: Izquierdo, Matías Andrés
name: Ramírez, Martín J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Orchestina
Orchestina leon

description: Orchestina leon Izquierdo, new species   Figures 127D–F, 136F, 143E, map 24
TYPES: Female holotype from Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: Rio Grande: Ilha do Leonídio (1 m) (-32.04953°, -52.21631°), Sep. 01, 2007, Felipe A. Pena dos Santos leg., deposited in MCTP 21875, PBI_OON 43345; same data, 1 female paratype deposited in MCTP, PBI_OON 50026.
ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition, as an abbreviated form of the type locality.
DIAGNOSIS: Females can easily be distinguished by the shape of the genitalia, with anterior receptaculum with very long anterior apodemes and a ventral, globular, less sclerotized region at the base with a pair of lateral plates (figs. 136F, 143E).
MALE: Unknown.
FEMALE (PBI_OON 43345): Total length 1.46. Habitus as in figure 132D–F. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Sternum as long as widel. Labium elongated hexagon. LEGS: Patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace. Leg spination, metatarsi: III d0-0- 1; r0-0-1; IV d0-0-1; p0-0-1; r0-0-1. GENITA- LIA: Besides diagnostic characters, external, internal pockets absent; posterior receptaculum absent, posterior apodeme formed by entire plate (figs. 136F, 143E).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (map 24).
 OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Rio Grande: Reserva Biológica do Lami (6m) (-30.23611°, -51.10139°), June 15, 2000, E.L.C. da Silva, 1♀ (IBSP 48857, PBI_OON 42245).
description: Published as part of Izquierdo, Matías Andrés & Ramírez, Martín J., 2017, Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae), pp. 1 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2017 (410) on page 1, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5405613
APEX Observations of the CO Envelope around the Young FUor-type Star V883 Ori
Creators: name: White, Jacob Aaron
name: Kóspál, Á.
name: Rab, C.
name: Ábrahám, P.
name: de Miera, F. Cruz-Sáenz
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Fehér, O.
name: Güsten, R.
name: Henning, T.
name: Vorobyov, E.
name: Audard, M.
name: Postel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accretion-driven outbursts of young FU Orionis-type stars may be a common stage of pre-main sequence evolution and can have a significant impact on the circumstellar environment as it pertains to the growth of solids and eventually planets. This episodic accretion is thought to be sustained by additional gas in-falling from the circumstellar envelope and disk. We present APEX observations of the CO gas in the envelope around V883 Orionis, a young outbursting star. The observations mapped the $^{12}$CO(4-3), $^{12}$CO(3-2), and $^{13}$CO(3-2) lines with the FLASH$^{+}$ instrument and the $^{12}$CO(6-5) line with the SEPIA instrument. We detected high signal-to-noise emission extending out to radii $>10000$ au and calculated integrated fluxes of $1100~\rm Jy~km~s^{-1}$ for $^{12}$CO(6-5), $2400~\rm Jy~km~s^{-1}$ for $^{12}$CO(4-3), $1600~\rm Jy~km~s^{-1}$ for $^{12}$CO(3-2), and $450~\rm Jy~km~s^{-1}$ for $^{13}$CO(3-2). We used the thermo-chemical code P{\small RO}D{\small I}M{\small O} to test several models and find the data are best described by an envelope structure with $\rm M_{env}\approx 0.2-0.4\,M_{\odot}$ and a mass-infall rate of $\rm \dot{M}_{inf}=1-2\times10^{-6}\,M_{\odot}\,yr^{-1}$. We infer that the observed envelope and outflow structure around V883 Ori could be caused by multiple outbursts, consistent with episodic accretion.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted to ApJ, added instrument citations
Orchestina totoralillo Izquierdo 2017, new species
Creators: name: Izquierdo, Matías Andrés
name: Ramírez, Martín J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Orchestina
Orchestina totoralillo

description: Orchestina totoralillo Izquierdo, new species   Figures 170D, 172D, 175C, 178A, map 29
TYPE: Female holotype from Chile: Región de Coquimbo (IV): Provincia de Elqui: Totoralillo Norte, in shrubs, elev. 199 m, -29.59250°, -71.26138°, July 13, 2009, M. Izquierdo, A. Ojanguren, J. Pizarro, F. Alfaro, deposited in MNSC, PBI_OON 30844.
ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
 DIAGNOSIS: Females resemble those of O. pandeazucar from which they can be distinguished by the shape of the lumen of the anterior receptaculum, with two wide chambers; the anterior apodemes slightly directed anteriorly; and the different position of the external pockets, near level of the anterior receptaculum tip (figs. 170D, 172D, 175C).
MALE: Unknown.
FEMALE (PBI_OON 30844): Total length 1.05.
CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace yellow. Sternum yellow. Chelicerae, endites, labium yellow. Labium rectangular. ABDOMEN: Dorsum with bands of gray pigment (purple in fresh specimens). LEGS: Yellow. GENITALIA: Epigastric region with external pockets placed almost at level of anterior apodemes, with two weakly sclerotized epigastric ridges at both sides of median field, internal pockets absent; anterior receptaculum rounded at tip with anterior apodemes directed anteriorly; posterior receptaculum absent, posterior apodeme formed by entire plate (figs. 170D, 172D, 175C).
DISTRIBUTION: known only from the type locality in Chile (Elqui) (fig. 178A, map 29).
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: None.
description: Published as part of Izquierdo, Matías Andrés & Ramírez, Martín J., 2017, Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae), pp. 1 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2017 (410) on page 1, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5405613
Simulation of rotating drum experiments using non-circular particles
Creators: name: Buchholtz, Volkhard
name: Poeschel, Thorsten
name: Tillemans, Hans-Juergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the flow of granular material in a rotating cylinder numerically using molecular dynamics in two dimensions. The particles are described by a new model which allows to simulate geometrically complicated shaped grains. The results of the simulation agree significantly better with experiments than the results which are based on circular particles.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of A multi-institutional and cross-sectional study on empathy in Chinese medical students: differences by student cadre or not, future career preference, and father’s education status
Creators: name: Yi, Kangqi
name: Kang, Mingyi
name: Li, Dongju
name: Wang, Zhipeng
name: Bai, Jinsong
name: Xu, Huiming
name: Ma, Shulan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental data Table S1. Studies reporting the JSPE-S means for medical students. Table S2. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the father’s educational status and only one child or not.
Additional file 3 of Clinical and genetic findings in patients with congenital cataract and heart diseases
Creators: name: Li, Xinru
name: Si, Nuo
name: Song, Zixun
name: Ren, Yaqiong
name: Xiao, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table 2. Genomic location of CNVs in patients with congenital cataract and congenital heart diseases in trio families