Calophya spondiadis Burckhardt & Mendez, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Paul Mendez
name: Daniel Burckhardt
name: Armando Equihua-Martínez
name: Jorge M. Valdez Carrasco
name: Edith G. Estrada-Venegas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Calophyidae
Calophya
Calophya spondiadis

description: Calophya spondiadis Burckhardt & Mendez sp. nov. (Figs. 30–45)
TYPE MATERIAL
Holotype male, Mexico: Sinaloa,Juan José Ríos, ESAVF, 10-XII-2014, Spondias purpurea, Cruz López R. (dry mounted, NHMB). Paratypes: Mexico: Sinaloa: 6 males, 6 females, 7 immatures, same data as holotype (dry and slide mounted, preserved in 70% ethanol).—Michoacán: 2 male, 2 female, 4 immatures, Lombardía, along highway from Lombardía to Santa casilda, 19.2819194°N, 102.0719417°W, 639 m asl, 20-X-2014, Spondias purpurea, Paul Mendez (ccP); 2 male, 2 female, 2 immatures, Patuan, along way from Ziracuareljro to Taretan, 19.6462389°N 102.5519194°W, 1,357 m asl, 15-VIII-2014, Spondias purpurea, Paul Mendez (ccP); 14 males, 9 females, Gabriel Zamora, Lombardía, 18-VIII-2015, Spondias purpurea, D. Burckhardt & D.L. Queiroz, #15-24(2) (NHMB);8 males, 5 females,Taretan, Puente del Río Acumbaro, 19.3407167°N, 101.9273833°W, 1,120 m asl, 19-VIII-2015, Spondias purpurea, D. Burckhardt & D.L. Queiroz, #15-30(2) (NHMB).
DESCRIPTION
Adult (Figs. 3 2–4 0). Coloraljon. Head black, body mostly dark. Antennal segments 1–3 whiljsh, segments 4–7 brown to dark brown, darker towards antennal apex, segments 8–10 dark brown to black. Pronotum black, mesopraescutum brown anteriorly, cream to orange posteriorly, mesoscutum mostly black, slightly orange anterolaterally, mesoscutellum yellowish, metanotum cream and orange. Thorax laterally and ventrally mostly dark brown to black, propleurites cream or orange. coxae light, metacoxae brown laterally, femora almost black with cream base and apex, pro- and mesoljbiae almost black, metaljbia cream, tarsi dark brown or black. Forewings clear, membrane transparent, veins light brown, c+Sc dark brown to black. Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites dark brown with orange or cream patches, membranes reddish. Male terminalia light brown with darker patches, apex of parameres black. Female terminalia almost black, base of subgenital plate cream. Young specimens with more expanded light paIJern.
Structure. Vertex lacking macroscopical setae. Genae (Fig. 36) swollen and rounded, not forming proper processes. Antenna (Fig. 38) 10-segmented, segment 3 as long as segments 4–8 together; segment 9 lacking long seta;terminal setae subequal in length, about as long as antennal segments 7–10. Metaljbia with 1+(3–4) scleroljzed apical spurs. Forewing ob- long-oval, widest in the middle, narrowly rounded apically; cell cu1 broad; surface spinules present in all cells leaving broad spinule-free stripes along the veins. Terminalia as in Figs. 39 and 40. Male procljger thick, rounded posteriorly; subgenital plate short; paramere (Fig. 31) much shorter than procljger, broadly lamellar,apically with thumb-like scleroljzed process an- teriorly and scleroljzed ridge posteriorly; distal porljon of aedeagus (Fig. 30) curved, with oblong apical dilataljon, 2 ventral humps in the middle, scleroljzed end tube of ductus ejaculatorius moderately long, weakly sinu- ous. Female terminalia cuneate; procljger pointed apically, dorsal outline of procljger, in proFle, weakly concave distal of circumanal ring, apex weakly down-curved; subgenital plate ending in a single, truncate point apically; dorsal valvulae cuneate, ventral valvulae with 2 longitudinal rows of 5 teeth each.
Measurements in mm (4 males, 4 females). BL 1.48–1.64; BW 0.38–0.51; HW 0.36–0.44; VL 0.07–0.12; WL 1.27–1.49; WW 0.49– 0.64; AL 0.35–0.40; MTL 0.35–0.41; MP 0.14; PL 0.09; AB 0.10; AA 0.11; FP 0.31–0.33; SL 0.26–0.27; FA 0.38.
Fiπh instar immature (Figs. 41–45). Coloraljon. Head, thorax, and body brown with irregular grey infuscaljon. Eyes brown. Membranes yellowish. Ventral body surface and legs light color.
Structure.Body almost as long as wide.Dorsal body surface oπen with very long asperate processes on head, thorax, wing pads, and abdomen; someljmes these processes are short or completely missing.Anterior mar- gin of head straight. Antenna (Fig. 42) weakly curved, relaljvely slender, irregularly narrowed to apex; Fagellum with 4 diamond-shaped setae and 3 rhinaria. Tarsal arolium almost circular, longer than claws (Fig. 44). Forewing pad large, well-developed humeral lobe with anterior margin ending distal to anterior eye margin, rounded. Circumanal ring oval, consisljng of a single row of oval pores, near posterior abdominal margin; on each side of circumanal ring with 1 very long simple seta and a pair of short setae between posterior margins of circumanal ring and caudal plate. Marginal setae as follows:head (Fig.42) with densely spaced short diamond-shaped setae,forewing pad (Fig. 43) with small widely spaced sljF setae,hind wing pad with a median horn to apex of the distal margin, and caudal plate (Fig. 45) with densely spaced short diamond-shaped setae.
Measurements in mm (3 immatures). BL 0.09–1.08; BW 0.89–1.04; FL 0.55–0.69; cL 0.09; cPL 0.39–0.48; cW 0.50–0.51.
ETYMOLOGY
Derived from its host name Spondias; Greek, geniljv spondiados.
HOST PLANT
Spondias purpurea L. (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae). Immatures are free living on leaves of the host.
COMMENTS
Adults of C. spondiadis diFer from all the described North and most South American species in the lack of genal processes. From C. duvauae (ScoIJ) and C. venusta (Tuthill), the 2 South American species, which also lack genal processes, it diFers in the apically subacute rather than broadly rounded forewings and in details of the male and female terminalia. From all American species it diFers also in the host genus. Outside America, there is only 1 described Calophya species associated with Spondias, namely, Calophya spondiasae (crawford) from India and Sri Lanka associated with Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz. The 2 species share the lack of genal processes but diFer considerably in details of the forewings and male and female terminalia suggesljng that they are phylogeneljcally not closely related.
Adults of C. spondiadis diFer from the other 2 known Mexican spe- cies in the completely black head and pronotum, the lack of genal processes, and the apically subangular forewings. Calophya dicksoni and C. schini have yellow or brown elements on the head and pronotum, bear narrow conical genal processes that are at least half as long as the vertex along the median suture, and possess apically broadly rounded forewings. In body size, C. spondiadis is intermediate between the slightly smaller C. dicksoni and the slightly larger C. schini. The parameres of C. spondiadis and C. schini are similar, both lamellar and apically truncate; that of the former is, however, slightly broader and stronger widening towards the apex. The paramere of C. dicksoni is, in proFle,sickle-shaped with a pointed apex. The distal porljon of the aedeagus has a short basal stalk (about half of segment) in C. spondiadis and C. dicksoni but a long one (about two-thirds) in C. schini. The dorsal outline of the female procljger, in proFle, is hardly concave in C. spondiadis, disljnctly sinuous in C. dicksoni, and strongly concave in C. schini. The female subgenital plate is long in C. spondiadis and C. schini but short in C. dicksoni; in C. spondiadis, the subgenital plate is trunctae apically, in C. schini subacute.
Fiπh instar immatures of C. spondiadis diFer from C. schini in the straight anterior head margin (bearing lobes in C. schini), the weakly curved antenna (s-shaped in C. schini), the broadly rounded humeral lobe of the forewing pads (narrowly rounded in C. schini), and the diamond-shaped marginal setae on the forewing and hind wing pads, which are absent or very small and few in numbers (always developed, large, numerous, and densely spaced so that they touch each other in C. schini). The immatures of C. dicksoni are unknown.
The presence of diamond-shaped marginal setae on the forewing and hind wing pads seems to be correlated with the presence of very long asperate processes on the head, thorax, wing pads, and abdomen, unlike C. californica where both forms (with or without the long asperate processes) possess marginal diamond-shape setae. Nisson (2011) demonstrated that the immatures of C. californica developing on the fruits of R. integrifolia possessed very long asperate processes on head, thorax, wing pads, and abdomen whereas those developing on leaves lack these processes. It is likely that the polymorphism observed in C. spondiadis is similarly regulated, but no informaljon is currently available to conFrm this. Calophya spondiadis is only the 2nd species in Psylloidea aπer C. californica where such polymorphism has been observed.
Discussion
Many species of Calophya induce either open or closed galls on their hosts. Calophya schini induces very characterisljc pit galls that can distort the enljre leaf when their numbers are high. Several spe- cies are known, however, that are free living and do not induce galls, e.g., C. dicksoni and C. spondiadis. Calophya spondiadis shows polymorphic immatures with respect to the absence or presence of long asperate processes on the head, thorax, wing pads, and abdomen. Host-induced polyphenism is documented only for C. californica (Nisson 2011). Whether the polymorphism of C. spondiadis results from host-induced polyphenism requires further invesljgaljon. Immatures of other Calophya species that do not induce galls should also be examined for polyphemism.
The 3 species of Calophya reported here from Mexico probably represent only a small porljon of the exisljng fauna judging from the number of species known from the USA (Hodkinson 1988).
description: Published as part of Paul Mendez, Daniel Burckhardt, Armando Equihua-Martínez, Jorge M. Valdez Carrasco & Edith G. Estrada-Venegas, 2016, Jumping Plant Lice of the genus Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) in Mexico, pp. 417-425 in Florida Entomologist 99 (3) on pages 418-425, DOI: 10.1653/024.099.0312, http://zenodo.org/record/247284