cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimizations for a Current-Controlled Memristor-based Neuromorphic Synapse Design
Creators: name: Das, Hritom
name: Febbo, Rocco D.
name: Rizzo, Charlie P.
name: Chakraborty, Nishith N.
name: Plank, James S.
name: Rose, Garrett S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The synapse is a key element of neuromorphic computing in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, an optimized current-controlled memristive synapse circuit is proposed. Our proposed synapse demonstrates reliability in the face of process variation and the inherent stochastic behavior of memristors. Up to an 82% energy optimization can be seen during the SET operation over prior work. In addition, the READ process shows up to 54% energy savings. Our current-controlled approach also provides more reliable programming over traditional programming methods. This design is demonstrated with a 4-bit memory precision configuration. Using a spiking neural network (SNN), a neuromorphic application analysis was performed with this precision configuration. Our optimized design showed up to 82% improvement in control applications and a 2.7x improvement in classification applications compared with other design cases.
On Vertices Contained in All or in No Metric Basis
Creators: name: Hakanen, Anni
name: Junnila, Ville
name: Laihonen, Tero
name: Yero, Ismael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A set $R \subseteq V(G)$ is a resolving set of a graph $G$ if for all distinct vertices $v,u \in V(G)$ there exists an element $r \in R$ such that $d(r,v) \neq d(r,u)$. The metric dimension $\dim(G)$ of the graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of $G$. A resolving set with cardinality $\dim(G)$ is called a metric basis of $G$. We consider vertices that are in all metric bases, and we call them basis forced vertices. We give several structural properties of sparse and dense graphs where basis forced vertices are present. In particular, we give bounds for the maximum number of edges in a graph containing basis forced vertices. Our bound is optimal whenever the number of basis forced vertices is even. Moreover, we provide a method of constructing fairly sparse graphs with basis forced vertices. We also study vertices which are in no metric basis in connection to cut-vertices and pendants. Furthermore, we show that deciding whether a vertex is in all metric bases is co-NP-hard, and deciding whether a vertex is in no metric basis is NP-hard.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Martingale Methods for Sequential Estimation of Convex Functionals and Divergences
Creators: name: Manole, Tudor
name: Ramdas, Aaditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a unified technique for sequential estimation of convex divergences between distributions, including integral probability metrics like the kernel maximum mean discrepancy, $φ$-divergences like the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and optimal transport costs, such as powers of Wasserstein distances. This is achieved by observing that empirical convex divergences are (partially ordered) reverse submartingales with respect to the exchangeable filtration, coupled with maximal inequalities for such processes. These techniques appear to be complementary and powerful additions to the existing literature on both confidence sequences and convex divergences. We construct an offline-to-sequential device that converts a wide array of existing offline concentration inequalities into time-uniform confidence sequences that can be continuously monitored, providing valid tests or confidence intervals at arbitrary stopping times. The resulting sequential bounds pay only an iterated logarithmic price over the corresponding fixed-time bounds, retaining the same dependence on problem parameters (like dimension or alphabet size if applicable). These results are also applicable to more general convex functionals -- like the negative differential entropy, suprema of empirical processes, and V-Statistics -- and to more general processes satisfying a key leave-one-out property.
description: To appear in the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Influences of Numerical Discretizations on Hitting Probabilities for Linear Stochastic Parabolic System
Creators: name: Chen, Chuchu
name: Hong, Jialin
name: Sheng, Derui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper investigates the influences of standard numerical discretizations on hitting probabilities for linear stochastic parabolic system driven by space-time white noises. We establish lower and upper bounds for hitting probabilities of the associated numerical solutions of both temporal and spatial semi-discretizations in terms of Bessel-Riesz capacity and Hausdorff measure, respectively. Moreover, the critical dimensions of both temporal and spatial semi-discretizations turn out to be half of those of the exact solution. This reveals that for a large class of Borel sets $A$, the probability of the event that the paths of the numerical solution hit $A$ cannot converge to that of the exact solution.
Tripotential MOND theories
Creators: name: Milgrom, Mordehai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a new class of nonrelativistic, modified-gravity MOND theories. The three gravitational degrees of freedom of these ``TRIMOND'' theories are the MOND potential and two auxiliary potentials, one of which emerges as the Newtonian potential. Their Lagrangians involve a function of three acceleration variables -- the gradients of the potentials. So, the transition from the Newtonian to the MOND regime is rather richer than in the aquadratic-Lagrangian theory (AQUAL) and the quasilinear MOND theory (QUMOND), which are special cases of TRIMOND, each defined by a Lagrangian function of a single variable. In particular, unlike AQUAL and QUMOND whose deep-MOND limit (DML) is fully dictated by the required scale invariance, here, the scale-invariant DML still requires specifying a function of two variables. For one-dimensional (e.g., spherical) mass distributions, in all TRIMOND theories the MOND acceleration is a (theory specific, but system independent) function of the Newtonian acceleration; their variety appears in nonsymmetric situations. Also, they all make the salient, primary MOND predictions. For example, they predict the same DML virial relation as AQUAL and QUMOND, and thus the same DML $M-σ$ relation, and the same DML two-body force. Yet they can differ materially on secondary predictions. Such TRIMOND theories may be the nonrelativistic limits of scalar-bimetric relativistic formulations of MOND, such as BIMOND with an added scalar.
description: 8 pages. Matching the published version in Phys. Rev. D. A more elegant, and more general, presentation of the theory and of its deep-MOND limit. Generalized discussion of the deep-MOND limit of one-D (e.g., spherical) configurations
Supplementary document for Optimization of laser stabilization via self-injection locking to a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator: experimental study - 6171539.pdf
Creators: name: Shitikov, Artem
name: Lykov, Ilya
name: Benderov, Oleg
name: Chermoshentsev, Dmitry
name: Gorelov, Ilya
name: Danilin, Andrey
name: Galiev, Ramzil
name: Kondratyev, Nikita
name: CORDETTE, Steevy
name: Rodin, Alexander
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Estimation of the stabilization coefficient using linewidth measurements
RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES: A NOVEL APPROACH TO TREAT CHRONIC DISEASES
Creators: name: Salva. Kavya, Dr. K. Umasankar,  Musali. Charitha, Naraganti. Sai Vani,  Anam. Hananya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this area of pharmaceutical innovation, there are more than 30 different drug delivery systems. As people become more interested in consuming safe medications that can be delivered to the intended target spot with few adverse effects, the current environment is concentrating more on targeted drug delivery systems. In actuality, the bio-distribution of medications throughout the body is essentially the fundamental issue with systemic drug delivery. An innovative drug administration method using resealed erythrocytes is now required to solve this issue and increase patient compliance and efficiency. Blood is drawn from the target organism, and erythrocytes and plasma are separated to create carrier erythrocytes. The cells are broken up in a few different ways, the erythrocytes are then hooked up to the drug, they are then resealed, and the resulting carriers are referred to as "resealed erythrocytes". The negative effects of numerous medications, including aspirin, steroids, and cancer treatments, are reduced by resealing erythrocytes. Because they can circulate throughout the entire body and are biocompatible, sealed erythrocytes are becoming more and more important. They also exhibit zero order release kinetics, complete biodegradability, lack of hazardous product, predictable life span, and lowering drug side effects. And these play a big role in treating chronic illnesses like drug addiction, cancer, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and HIV infection.

Keywords: Resealed Erythrocytes, Erythrocytes, Erythrosomes, Red Blood Cells, Drug Carriers.
Implementation of quantum measurements using classical resources and only a single ancillary qubit
Creators: name: Singal, Tanmay
name: Maciejewski, Filip B.
name: Oszmaniec, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to implement general quantum measurements, also known as Positive Operator Valued Measures (POVMs) in dimension $d$ using only classical resources and a single ancillary qubit. Our method is based on the probabilistic implementation of $d$-outcome measurements which is followed by postselection of some of the received outcomes. We conjecture that the success probability of our scheme is larger than a constant independent of $d$ for all POVMs in dimension $d$. Crucially, this conjecture implies the possibility of realizing arbitrary nonadaptive quantum measurement protocol on a $d$-dimensional system using a single auxiliary qubit with only a \emph{constant} overhead in sampling complexity. We show that the conjecture holds for typical rank-one Haar-random POVMs in arbitrary dimensions. Furthermore, we carry out extensive numerical computations showing success probability above a constant for a variety of extremal POVMs, including SIC-POVMs in dimension up to 1299. Finally, we argue that our scheme can be favourable for the experimental realization of POVMs, as noise compounding in circuits required by our scheme is typically substantially lower than in the standard scheme that directly uses Naimark's dilation theorem.
description: 5 pages + 14 pages of appendices; v2: improved narration, fixed typos; comments and suggestions are welcome
Supplementary document for Optimization of laser stabilization via self-injection locking to a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator: experimental study - 6184113.pdf
Creators: name: Shitikov, Artem
name: Lykov, Ilya
name: Benderov, Oleg
name: Chermoshentsev, Dmitry
name: Gorelov, Ilya
name: Danilin, Andrey
name: Galiev, Ramzil
name: Kondratyev, Nikita
name: CORDETTE, Steevy
name: Rodin, Alexander
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary materials
Machine-learning-based head impact subtyping based on the spectral densities of the measurable head kinematics
Creators: name: Zhan, Xianghao
name: Li, Yiheng
name: Liu, Yuzhe
name: Cecchi, Nicholas J.
name: Raymond, Samuel J.
name: Zhou, Zhou
name: Alizadeh, Hossein Vahid
name: Ruan, Jesse
name: Barbat, Saeed
name: Tiernan, Stephen
name: Gevaert, Olivier
name: Zeineh, Michael M.
name: Grant, Gerald A.
name: Camarillo, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: Traumatic brain injury can be caused by head impacts, but many brain injury risk estimation models are not equally accurate across the variety of impacts that patients may undergo and the characteristics of different types of impacts are not well studied. We investigated the spectral characteristics of different head impact types with kinematics classification. Methods: Data was analyzed from 3,262 head impacts from lab reconstruction, American football, mixed martial arts, and publicly available car crash data. A random forest classifier with spectral densities of linear acceleration and angular velocity was built to classify head impact types (e.g., football, car crash, mixed martial arts). To test the classifier robustness, another 271 lab-reconstructed impacts were obtained from 5 other instrumented mouthguards. Finally, with the classifier, type-specific, nearest-neighbor regression models were built for brain strain. Results: The classifier reached a median accuracy of 96% over 1,000 random partitions of training and test sets. The most important features in the classification included both low-frequency and high-frequency features, both linear acceleration features and angular velocity features. Different head impact types had different distributions of spectral densities in low-frequency and high-frequency ranges (e.g., the spectral densities of MMA impacts were higher in high-frequency range than in the low-frequency range). The type-specific regression showed a generally higher R^2-value than baseline models without classification. Conclusion: The machine-learning-based classifier enables a better understanding of the impact kinematics spectral density in different sports, and it can be applied to evaluate the quality of impact-simulation systems and on-field data augmentation.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures
Dual-species Bose-Einstein condensates of $^{7}$Li and $^{133}$Cs
Creators: name: Chen, Y. -D.
name: Li, W. -X.
name: Sun, Y. -T.
name: Chen, Q. -C.
name: Chang, P. -Y.
name: Tung, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the creation of dual-species Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of $^{7}$Li and $^{133}$Cs. These BECs are formed in a bichromatic optical dipole trap created with 1550-nm and 780-nm laser beams. During the production process, an external magnetic field of 886~G is applied to adjust the scattering lengths to $a_{\rm{Cs}} = 123a_0$, $a_{\rm{Li}} = 484a_0$, and $a_{\rm{LiCs}} = 248a_0$. These scattering lengths allow for efficient evaporation and sympathetic cooling. The dual-species BECs are typically produced with $1.5\times 10^4$ Cs atoms and $6.0\times 10^3$ Li atoms. This quantum degenerate mixture of Li and Cs provides an ideal platform for exploring phenomena such as polarons and Efimov trimers, as well as for creating ground-state LiCs molecules.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Supplement to Adjusting to Higher Labor Costs in Selected U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Industries: Case Studies
Creators: name: Calvin, Linda
name: Martin, Philip
name: Simnitt, Skyler
name: Calvin, Linda
name: Martin, Philip
name: Simnitt, Skyler
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Automation
subject: farm labor
subject: fruit
subject: guest workers
subject: H-2A program
subject: harvest
subject: imports
subject: mechanization
subject: specialty crops
subject: vegetables
subject: melons

description: This supplement includes several case studies to reinforce the more general discussion contained in Adjusting to Higher Labor Costs in Selected U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Industries (EIB-235). Farm labor costs increased from 2010-19 for several reasons, including fewer newly-arrived unauthorized workers, rising State minimum wages, and new requirements to pay overtime wages to some farm workers.The included case studies provide information on production, trade patterns, and current labor use and alternatives to hand labor in four fresh fruit—apples, grapes, blueberries, and strawberries—and four fresh vegetable and melon commodities—lettuce, melons, and tomatoes.
A generalization of the CIRCE method for quantifying input model uncertainty in presence of several groups of experiments
Creators: name: Damblin, Guillaume
name: Bachoc, François
name: Gazzo, Sandro
name: Sargentini, Lucia
name: Ghione, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The semi-empirical nature of best-estimate models closing the balance equations of thermal-hydraulic (TH) system codes is well-known as a significant source of uncertainty for accuracy of output predictions. This uncertainty, called model uncertainty, is usually represented by multiplicative (log-)Gaussian variables whose estimation requires solving an inverse problem based on a set of adequately chosen real experiments. One method from the TH field, called CIRCE, addresses it. We present in the paper a generalization of this method to several groups of experiments each having their own properties, including different ranges for input conditions and different geometries. An individual (log-)Gaussian distribution is therefore estimated for each group in order to investigate whether the model uncertainty is homogeneous between the groups, or should depend on the group. To this end, a multi-group CIRCE is proposed where a variance parameter is estimated for each group jointly to a mean parameter common to all the groups to preserve the uniqueness of the best-estimate model. The ECME algorithm for Maximum Likelihood Estimation is adapted to the latter context, then applied to relevant demonstration cases. Finally, it is tested on a practical case to assess the uncertainty of critical mass flow assuming two groups due to the difference of geometry between the experimental setups.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Testing giant planet formation in the transitional disk of SAO 206462 using deep VLT/SPHERE imaging
Creators: name: Maire, A. -L.
name: Stolker, T.
name: Messina, S.
name: Müller, A.
name: Biller, B. A.
name: Currie, T.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Grady, C. A.
name: Boccaletti, A.
name: Bonnefoy, M.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Galicher, R.
name: Millward, M.
name: Pohl, A.
name: Brandner, W.
name: Henning, T.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Langlois, M.
name: Meyer, M. R.
name: Quanz, S. P.
name: Vigan, A.
name: Zurlo, A.
name: van Boekel, R.
name: Buenzli, E.
name: Buey, T.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Feldt, M.
name: Fusco, T.
name: Ginski, C.
name: Giro, E.
name: Gratton, R.
name: Hubin, N.
name: Lannier, J.
name: Mignant, D. Le
name: Mesa, D.
name: Peretti, S.
name: Perrot, C.
name: Ramos, J. R.
name: Salter, G.
name: Samland, M.
name: Sissa, E.
name: Stadler, E.
name: Thalmann, C.
name: Udry, S.
name: Weber, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The SAO 206462 (HD 135344B) disk is one of the few known transitional disks showing asymmetric features in scattered light and thermal emission. Near-infrared scattered-light images revealed two bright outer spiral arms and an inner cavity depleted in dust. Giant protoplanets have been proposed to account for the disk morphology. Aims. We aim to search for giant planets responsible for the disk features and, in the case of non-detection, to constrain recent planet predictions using the data detection limits. Methods. We obtained new high-contrast and high-resolution total intensity images of the target spanning the Y to the K bands (0.95-2.3 mic) using the VLT/SPHERE near-infrared camera and integral field spectrometer. Results. The spiral arms and the outer cavity edge are revealed at high resolutions and sensitivities without the need for image post-processing techniques, which introduce photometric biases. We do not detect any close-in companions. For the derivation of the detection limits on putative giant planets embedded in the disk, we show that the knowledge of the disk aspect ratio and viscosity is critical for the estimation of the attenuation of a planet signal by the protoplanetary dust because of the gaps that these putative planets may open. Given assumptions on these parameters, the mass limits can vary from ~2-5 to ~4-7 Jupiter masses at separations beyond the disk spiral arms. The SPHERE detection limits are more stringent than those derived from archival NaCo/L' data and provide new constraints on a few recent predictions of massive planets (4-15 MJ) based on the spiral density wave theory. The SPHERE and ALMA data do not favor the hypotheses on massive giant planets in the outer disk (beyond 0.6). There could still be low-mass planets in the outer disk and/or planets inside the cavity.
description: A&A, in press. 16 pages, 17 figures. Updated to match proofs
Deep Learning Body Region Classification of MRI and CT examinations
Creators: name: Raffy, Philippe
name: Pambrun, Jean-François
name: Kumar, Ashish
name: Dubois, David
name: Patti, Jay Waldron
name: Cairns, Robyn Alexandra
name: Young, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Standardized body region labelling of individual images provides data that can improve human and computer use of medical images. A CNN-based classifier was developed to identify body regions in CT and MRI. 17 CT (18 MRI) body regions covering the entire human body were defined for the classification task. Three retrospective databases were built for the AI model training, validation, and testing, with a balanced distribution of studies per body region. The test databases originated from a different healthcare network. Accuracy, recall and precision of the classifier was evaluated for patient age, patient gender, institution, scanner manufacturer, contrast, slice thickness, MRI sequence, and CT kernel. The data included a retrospective cohort of 2,934 anonymized CT cases (training: 1,804 studies, validation: 602 studies, test: 528 studies) and 3,185 anonymized MRI cases (training: 1,911 studies, validation: 636 studies, test: 638 studies). 27 institutions from primary care hospitals, community hospitals and imaging centers contributed to the test datasets. The data included cases of all genders in equal proportions and subjects aged from a few months old to +90 years old. An image-level prediction accuracy of 91.9% (90.2 - 92.1) for CT, and 94.2% (92.0 - 95.6) for MRI was achieved. The classification results were robust across all body regions and confounding factors. Due to limited data, performance results for subjects under 10 years-old could not be reliably evaluated. We show that deep learning models can classify CT and MRI images by body region including lower and upper extremities with high accuracy.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables
No two starlikes have equal index
Creators: name: Oliveira, Elismar R.
name: Stevanović, Dragan
name: Trevisan, Vilmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The index of a graph is the largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. A starlike is a tree having a unique vertex of degree $r>2$. We show how to order the starlike trees with $n>3$ by their indices. In particular, the indices of starlike trees are all distinct.
Global Theory of Graded Manifolds
Creators: name: Vysoky, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of graded manifolds can be viewed as a generalization of differential geometry of smooth manifolds. It allows one to work with functions which locally depend not only on ordinary real variables, but also on $\mathbb{Z}$-graded variables which can either commute or anticommute, according to their degree. To obtain a consistent global description of graded manifolds, one resorts to sheaves of graded commutative associative algebras on second countable Hausdorff topological spaces, locally isomorphic to a suitable "model space". This paper aims to build robust mathematical foundations of geometry of graded manifolds. Some known issues in their definition are resolved, especially the case where positively and negatively graded coordinates appear together. The focus is on a detailed exposition of standard geometrical constructions rather then on applications. Necessary excerpts from graded algebra and graded sheaf theory are included.
Low-energy excitation spectra in the excitonic phase of cobalt oxides
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Tomoki
name: Sugimoto, Koudai
name: Ohta, Yukinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the excitonic phase and low-energy excitation spectra of perovskite cobalt oxides. Constructing the five-orbital Hubbard model defined on the three-dimensional cubic lattice for the $3d$ bands of Pr$_{0.5}$Ca$_{0.5}$CoO$_3$, we calculate the excitonic susceptibility in the normal state in the random-phase approximation (RPA) to show the presence of the instability toward excitonic condensation. Based on the excitonic ground state with a magnetic multipole obtained in the mean-field approximation, we calculate the dynamical susceptibility of the excitonic phase in the RPA and find that there appear the gapless collective excitation in the spin-transverse mode (Goldstone mode) and the gapful collective excitation in the spin-longitudinal mode (Higgs mode). Experimental relevance is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Data-Driven Reachability Analysis from Noisy Data
Creators: name: Alanwar, Amr
name: Koch, Anne
name: Allgöwer, Frank
name: Johansson, Karl Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of computing reachable sets directly from noisy data without a given system model. Several reachability algorithms are presented for different types of systems generating the data. First, an algorithm for computing over-approximated reachable sets based on matrix zonotopes is proposed for linear systems. Constrained matrix zonotopes are introduced to provide less conservative reachable sets at the cost of increased computational expenses and utilized to incorporate prior knowledge about the unknown system model. Then we extend the approach to polynomial systems and, under the assumption of Lipschitz continuity, to nonlinear systems. Theoretical guarantees are given for these algorithms in that they give a proper over-approximate reachable set containing the true reachable set. Multiple numerical examples and real experiments show the applicability of the introduced algorithms, and comparisons are made between algorithms.
description: This paper is accepted at the IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Query Attack by Multi-Identity Surrogates
Creators: name: Chen, Sizhe
name: Huang, Zhehao
name: Tao, Qinghua
name: Huang, Xiaolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are acknowledged as vulnerable to adversarial attacks, while the existing black-box attacks require extensive queries on the victim DNN to achieve high success rates. For query-efficiency, surrogate models of the victim are used to generate transferable Adversarial Examples (AEs) because of their Gradient Similarity (GS), i.e., surrogates' attack gradients are similar to the victim's ones. However, it is generally neglected to exploit their similarity on outputs, namely the Prediction Similarity (PS), to filter out inefficient queries by surrogates without querying the victim. To jointly utilize and also optimize surrogates' GS and PS, we develop QueryNet, a unified attack framework that can significantly reduce queries. QueryNet creatively attacks by multi-identity surrogates, i.e., crafts several AEs for one sample by different surrogates, and also uses surrogates to decide on the most promising AE for the query. After that, the victim's query feedback is accumulated to optimize not only surrogates' parameters but also their architectures, enhancing both the GS and the PS. Although QueryNet has no access to pre-trained surrogates' prior, it reduces queries by averagely about an order of magnitude compared to alternatives within an acceptable time, according to our comprehensive experiments: 11 victims (including two commercial models) on MNIST/CIFAR10/ImageNet, allowing only 8-bit image queries, and no access to the victim's training data. The code is available at https://github.com/Sizhe-Chen/QueryNet.
description: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Complex valence-space effective operators for observables: the Gamow-Teller transition
Creators: name: Xu, Z. C.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Li, J. G.
name: Jin, S. L.
name: Yuan, Q.
name: Cheng, Z. H.
name: Michel, N.
name: Xu, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclei in the vicinity of driplines have been receiving a lot of attention in nuclear structure studies. In the nuclei, the continuum coupling is crucial in reproducing weakly-bound and unbound phenomena. To calculate observables of the nuclei as open quantum systems, we have developed valence-space effective operators in the complex-energy Berggren basis using many-body perturbation theory. We focus on the Gamow-Teller $β$ decay in the {\it sd} shell. The two- plus three-nucleon force from the chiral effective field theory (EFT), named EM1.8/2.0, has been used. The Gamow shell model which takes the continuum coupling into account can properly reproduce experimental observations of weakly-bound and unbound states. The $β$-decay isospin asymmetry between the dripline nucleus $^{22}\rm Si$ and its mirror partner $^{22}\rm O$ is reproduced, in which the $s_{1/2}$ continuum plays a key role. Significant Thomas-Ehrman shift is seen through mirror energy differences between the mirror daughters $^{22}\rm Al$ and $^{22}\rm F$, in which the continuum effect plays an important role.
Adjusting to Higher Labor Costs in Selected U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Industries
Creators: name: Calvin, Linda
name: Martin, Philip
name: Simnitt, Skyler
name: Calvin, Linda
name: Martin, Philip
name: Simnitt, Skyler
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Automation
subject: farm labor
subject: fruit
subject: guest workers
subject: H-2A program
subject: harvest
subject: imports
subject: mechanization
subject: produce
subject: vegetables
subject: melons

description: This report examines how U.S. producers of selected labor-intensive fresh fruit and vegetables are addressing the rising costs of labor. Farm labor costs increased from 2010-19 for several reasons, including fewer newly-arrived unauthorized workers, rising State minimum wages, and new requirements to pay overtime wages to some farm workers. Rising labor costs often cause producers to adjust their production and management practices to compensate for the changing cost structure. Short-term options to meet the labor needs on farms include management changes, such as picking fields and orchards less often and introducing mechanical aids that increase worker productivity. Longer-term options include the use of more labor-saving mechanization, additional H-2A guest workers, and reducing overall domestic production.
Healthy imperfect dark matter from effective theory of mimetic cosmological perturbations
Creators: name: Hirano, Shin'ichi
name: Nishi, Sakine
name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of a recently proposed model of scalar-field matter called mimetic dark matter or imperfect dark matter. It has been known that mimetic matter with higher derivative terms suffers from gradient instabilities in scalar perturbations. To seek for an instability-free extension of imperfect dark matter, we develop an effective theory of cosmological perturbations subject to the constraint on the scalar field's kinetic term. This is done by using the unifying framework of general scalar-tensor theories based on the ADM formalism. We demonstrate that it is indeed possible to construct a model of imperfect dark matter which is free from ghost and gradient instabilities. As a side remark, we also show that mimetic $F({\cal R})$ theory is plagued with the Ostrogradsky instability.
description: 9 pages
Exploring the route from leaky Berreman modes to bound states in continuum
Creators: name: Remesh, Ghanasyam
name: Vaity, Pravin
name: Achanta, Venu Gopal
name: Gupta, Subhasish Dutta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study coupling of leaky Berreman modes in polar dielectric films (SiO2) through a thin metallic layer (gold) and show the familiar signatures of normal mode splitting. Due to very large negative real part of the dielectric function of gold, the splitting shows up only for extremely thin coupling layers. In contrast, coupling of Berreman modes through a dielectric spacer layer reveals novel possibilities of having bound states in continuum, albeit in the limit of vanishing losses. It is shown that the corresponding dispersion branches of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes can cross. BIC is shown to occur on one of these branches which is characterized by lower loss. In fact the BIC corresponds to the point where the radiative losses are minimized. For thicker layers (both spacer and the polar dielectric) BIC is shown to occur on the higher order dispersion branches. The origin of BIC is traced to the Fabry-Perot type mechanism due to the excitation of the leaky guided modes in the central layer.
X-ray emission from Westerlund 2 detected by SRG/ART-XC and Chandra: search for radiation of TeV leptons
Creators: name: Bykov, A. M.
name: Uvarov, Yu. A.
name: Kalyashova, M. E.
name: Badmaev, D. V.
name: Lapshov, I. Yu.
name: Lutovinov, A. A.
name: Mereminskiy, I. A.
name: Semena, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of current observations of the young compact cluster of massive stars Westerlund 2 with the Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC telescope aboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory which we analysed together with the archival Chandra data. In general, Westerlund 2 was detected over the whole electromagnetic spectrum including high-energy gamma rays, which revealed a cosmic ray acceleration in this object to the energies up to tens of TeV. The detection of Westerlund 2 with ART-XC allowed us to perform a joint spectral analysis together with the high resolution Chandra observations of the diffuse emission from a few selected regions in the vicinity of the Westerlund 2 core in the 0.4 - 20 keV range. To fit the Westerlund 2 X-ray spectrum above a few keV one needs either a non-thermal power-law emission component, or a hot plasma with temperatures $\sim$ 5 keV. Our magnetohydrodynamic modeling of the plasma flows in Westerlund 2 shows substantially lower electron temperatures in the system and thus the presence of the non-thermal component is certainly preferable. A kinetic model of the particle acceleration demonstrated that the non-thermal component may originate from the synchrotron radiation of multi-TeV electrons and positrons produced in Westerlund 2 in accordance with the TeV photons detection from the source.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Solid Consistency
Creators: name: Bordin, Lorenzo
name: Creminelli, Paolo
name: Mirbabayi, Mehrdad
name: Noreña, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that $isotropic$ scalar fluctuations in solid inflation are adiabatic in the super-horizon limit. During the solid phase this adiabatic mode has peculiar features: constant energy-density slices and comoving slices do not coincide, and their curvatures, parameterized respectively by $ζ$ and $\mathcal R$, both evolve in time. The existence of this adiabatic mode implies that Maldacena's squeezed limit consistency relation holds after angular average over the long mode. The correlation functions of a long-wavelength spherical scalar mode with several short scalar or tensor modes is fixed by the scaling behavior of the correlators of short modes, independently of the solid inflation action or dynamics of reheating.
description: 10 pages. v2: minor changes, matches JCAP version
Adversarially Regularized Graph Attention Networks for Inductive Learning on Partially Labeled Graphs
Creators: name: Xiao, Jiaren
name: Dai, Quanyu
name: Xie, Xiaochen
name: Lam, James
name: Kwok, Ka-Wai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The high cost of data labeling often results in node label shortage in real applications. To improve node classification accuracy, graph-based semi-supervised learning leverages the ample unlabeled nodes to train together with the scarce available labeled nodes. However, most existing methods require the information of all nodes, including those to be predicted, during model training, which is not practical for dynamic graphs with newly added nodes. To address this issue, an adversarially regularized graph attention model is proposed to classify newly added nodes in a partially labeled graph. An attention-based aggregator is designed to generate the representation of a node by aggregating information from its neighboring nodes, thus naturally generalizing to previously unseen nodes. In addition, adversarial training is employed to improve the model's robustness and generalization ability by enforcing node representations to match a prior distribution. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/JiarenX/AGAIN.
A simplest modular $S_3$ model for leptons
Creators: name: Meloni, Davide
name: Parriciatu, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present minimalist constructions for lepton masses and mixing based on flavour symmetry under the modular group $Γ_N$ of lowest level $N=2$. As opposed to the only existing model of $Γ_2\cong S_3$ formulated in a SUSY framework, the only non-SM field is the modulus $τ$, and a generalised CP symmetry is implemented. Charged-leptons masses are reproduced through symmetry arguments, without requiring fine-tuning of the free parameters. As a result, all lepton observables (masses and mixing) are reproduced within $1σ$ experimental range using a minimum of nine free real parameters (including the real and imaginary parts of the modulus). A normal ordering for the neutrino masses is predicted. We also obtain predictions for the CP violating phases: the Dirac CP phase is predicted around $1.6π$, the Majorana phases lie in narrow regions near $\pm π$. The sum of neutrino masses is within the current bound at $\sim 0.09\,\text{eV}$. Furthermore, we provide predictions for the neutrinoless double beta decay and tritium decay effective masses, around $20\,\text{meV}$. Given the reduced number of free input parameters as compared to the existing literature on modular $S_3$, this work renews interest for a unified predictive model of quark-lepton sectors based on $Γ_2\cong S_3$.
description: 37 pages, 4 figures. Added references
Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data
Creators: name: Alí-Lagoa, Víctor
name: Delbo', Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Mars-crossing asteroids (MCs) are a dynamically unstable group between the main belt and the near-Earth populations. Characterising the physical properties of a large sample of MCs can help to understand the original sources of many near-Earth asteroids, some of which may produce meteorites on Earth. Aims. Our aim is to provide diameters and albedos of MCs with available WISE/NEOWISE data. Methods. We used the near-Earth asteroid thermal model to find the best-fitting values of equivalent diameter and, whenever possible, the infrared beaming parameter. With the diameter and tabulated asteroid absolute magnitudes we also computed the visible geometric albedos. Results. We determined the diameters and beaming parameters of 404 objects observed during the fully cryogenic phase of the WISE mission, most of which have not been published elsewhere. We also obtained 1572 diameters from data from the 3-Band and posterior non-cryogenic phases using a default value of beaming parameter. The average beaming parameter is 1.2 +/- 0.2 for objects smaller than 10 km, which constitute most of our sample. This is higher than the typical value of 1.0 found for the whole main belt and is possibly related to the fact that WISE is able to observe many more small objects at shorter heliocentric distances, i.e. at higher phase angles. We argue that this is a better default value for modelling Mars-crossing asteroids from the WISE/NEOWISE catalogue and discuss the effects of this choice on the diameter and albedo distributions. We find a double-peaked distribution for the visible geometric albedos, which is expected since this population is compositionally diverse and includes objects in the major spectral complexes. However, the distribution of beaming parameters is homogeneous for both low- and high-albedo objects.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Torsional Balloon Flight Line Oscillations: Comparison of Modelling to Flight Data
Creators: name: Aubin, François
name: Bayman, Benjamin
name: Hanany, Shaul
name: Franco, Hugo
name: Marsh, Justin
name: Didier, Joy
name: Miller, Amber D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the EBEX2013 long duration flight the payload was free to rotate in azimuth. The observed azimuth motion consisted of a superposition of full rotations with a period of 10-30 minutes and oscillatory motion with an amplitude of tens of degrees, average period of 79 s, and period dispersion of 12 s. We interpret the full rotations as induced by slow rotations of the balloon and the shorter period oscillatory motion as due to torsional oscillations of the flight line. We derive the torsional stiffness of the flight line using the bifilar pendulum model and apply it to the flight line of the EBEX2013 payload. We find a torsional spring constant of 36 kg m$^2$/s$^2$ corresponding to a period of 58 s. We conclude that the bifilar model, which accounts for the geometry of the flight line but neglects all material properties, predicts a stiffness and period that are 45% larger and 25% shorter than those observed. It is useful to have a simple, easy to use, coarse approximation for the torsional constant of the flight line.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted by Advances in Space Research
State Estimation with Model Reduction and Shape Variability. Application to biomedical problems
Creators: name: Galarce, Felipe
name: Lombardi, Damiano
name: Mula, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a mathematical and numerical framework to solve state estimation problems for applications that present variations in the shape of the spatial domain. This situation arises typically in a biomedical context where inverse problems are posed on certain organs or portions of the body which inevitably involve morphological variations. If one wants to provide fast reconstruction methods, the algorithms must take into account the geometric variability. We develop and analyze a method which allows to take this variability into account without needing any a priori knowledge on a parametrization of the geometrical variations. For this, we rely on morphometric techniques involving Multidimensional Scaling, and couple them with reconstruction algorithms that make use of reduced model spaces pre-computed on a database of geometries. We prove the potential of the method on a synthetic test problem inspired from the reconstruction of blood flows and quantities of medical interest with Doppler ultrasound imaging.