Amphidecta Butler 1867
Creators: name: Espeland, Marianne
name: Nakahara, Shinichi
name: Zacca, Thamara
name: Barbosa, Eduardo P.
name: Huertas, Blanca
name: Marín, Mario A.
name: Lamas, Gerardo
name: Benmesbah, Mohamed
name: Brévignon, Christian
name: Casagrande, Mirna M.
name: Fåhraeus, Christer
name: Grishin, Nick
name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
name: Mielke, Olaf H. H.
name: Miller, Jacqueline Y.
name: Nakamura, Ichiro
name: Navas, Vanessa
name: Patrusky, Brooke
name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
name: Richards, Lindsay
name: Tan, Denise
name: Tyler, Stephanie
name: Viloria, Angel
name: Warren, Andrew D.
name: Xiao, Lei
name: Freitas, André V. L.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Amphidecta

description: <i>Amphidecta</i> clade The ‘ <i>Amphidecta</i> clade’ is well-supported (FULL dataset, 97.9/97, Figure 6) as containing three described genera: <i>Amphidecta</i> (4 species), <i>Zischkaia</i> (12 species), <i>Argentaria</i> <b>gen.n.</b> (14 described species), two species whose generic status is under study (Nakahara et al., in preparation) and which remain for the moment in the genus in which they were described, <i>Euptychia</i> (‘ <i>Euptychia</i> ’ <i>ordinata</i> and ‘ <i>Euptychia</i> ’ <i>insignis</i>, listed by Lamas [2004] as <i>incertae sedis</i>), and one species currently placed in <i>Pharneuptychia</i> (<i>P</i>. <i>innocentia</i>), closely related to <i>Pharneuptychia innocentia</i> _01 in Figure 6, based on research by Barbosa et al. (unpublished data). As mentioned above, the placement of <i>Zischkaia</i> in this clade was not supported in the backbone analysis (Figure S 1), but the increased taxon sampling within the FULL dataset seems to have helped in placing the genus (Figures 6 and S 2). The same relationship is found in the 4GENES dataset (Figure S 3), but support is slightly lower (96.5/87). The relationships among genera in the group, is however, still largely unresolved in all trees, with only the relationships between <i>Amphidecta</i> and the undescribed genus containing ‘ <i>E</i>.’ <i>ordinata</i> and ‘ <i>E</i>.’ <i>insignis</i> well-supported. Peña et al. (2010) similarly found these five generic-level clades to cluster together, except that <i>Hermeuptychia</i> was also placed in the same clade, as sister to <i>Amphidecta</i> + <i>ordinata</i> / <i>insignis</i>. In our tree (Figure 1), the <i>Amphidecta</i> clade, <i>Hermeuptychia</i> clade, <i>Pindis</i>, <i>Lazulina</i> <b>gen.n.</b> and <i>Cristalinaia</i> are all separated by very short branches, and the much larger amount of sequence data available in our study in comparison to Peña et al. (2010) perhaps explain these topological disagreements. Here, we synonymize <i>Rareuptychia</i> Forster, 1964 <b>syn.n.</b>, with <i>Amphidecta</i>, since the type species of the former, <i>Euptychia clio</i> Weymer, 1911, is nested deep within <i>Amphidecta</i>, being sister to <i>A. reynoldsi</i>. Recently, the known species diversity of <i>Zischkaia</i> increased by the addition of nine new species (Nakahara, Zacca, et al., 2019), and multiple <i>Argentaria</i> <b>gen.n.</b> species require description. As noted above, the generic classification of this clade also requires additional work, with the description of two new genera in forthcoming papers (Barbosa et al., in preparation; Nakahara et al., in preparation). Currently, 33 species are recognized, but with the inclusion of undescribed species the clade is estimated to contain approximately 46 species. Members of the ‘ <i>Amphidecta</i> clade’ range from being relatively small to large, and, in general, females present a paler wing colour pattern than males. Some species of <i>Amphidecta</i>, ‘ <i>Euptychia</i> ’ <i>ordinata</i> and ‘ <i>E</i>.’ <i>insignis</i> have the uncus of the male genitalia inflated at its base in lateral view. <i>Zischkaia</i> species in the ‘ <i>saundersii</i> clade’ and <i>Amphidecta pignerator</i> have a small but recognizable dome-like structure located posteriorly on the tegumen. <i>Amphidecta clio</i> <b>comb.n.</b> also has reduced brachia and males of ‘ <i>Euptychia</i> ’ <i>ordinata</i> and ‘ <i>E</i>.’ <i>insignis</i> have a developed eighth tergite with a weakly sclerotized region in the middle. Many species in the clade show rather notable modifications of the VHW ocelli, which may be elongated, split or partially fused with those in adjacent cells. The clade ranges from Mexico to south-eastern Brazil, with its highest diversity in the south-western Amazon (southern Peru and adjacent areas of Brazil). As is common for most members of Euptychiina, hostplants for members of this clade are either bamboo or grasses in the family Poaceae (Beccaloni et al., 2008; Freitas, 2004, 2022; Freitas, Barbosa, &amp; Marín, 2016; Nakahara, Zacca, et al., 2019).
description: Published as part of <i>Espeland, Marianne, Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Huertas, Blanca, Marín, Mario A., Lamas, Gerardo, Benmesbah, Mohamed, Brévignon, Christian, Casagrande, Mirna M., Fåhraeus, Christer, Grishin, Nick, Kawahara, Akito Y., Mielke, Olaf H. H., Miller, Jacqueline Y., Nakamura, Ichiro, Navas, Vanessa, Patrusky, Brooke, Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Richards, Lindsay, Tan, Denise, Tyler, Stephanie, Viloria, Angel, Warren, Andrew D., Xiao, Lei, Freitas, André V. L. &amp; Willmott, Keith R., 2023, Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 1-73 in Zoological Research 2023</i> on page 13, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12590, http://zenodo.org/record/7909395
description: {"references": ["Lamas, G. (2004) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4 A Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers / Association of Tropical Lepidoptera, p. 439.", "Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258.", "Forster, W. (1964) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX. Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen, 8, 51 - 188.", "Weymer, G. (1911) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart: A. Kernen, pp. 173 - 280.", "Beccaloni, G. W., Viloria, A. L., Hall, S. K. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2008) Catalogue of the hostplants of the Neotropical butterflies. Monografias Tercer Milenio. Sociedad Entomologica\u00b4Aragonesa (SEA) / Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografia y Entomologia Sistematica (RIBES) / Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED) / Natural History Museum, London, U. K. (NHM) / Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Venezuela (IVIC), Zaragoza, p. 536.", "Freitas, A. V. L. (2004) Immature stages of Amphidecta reynoldsi (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 58, 53 - 55.", "Barbosa, E. P., Seraphim, N., Valencia, G., Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. (2022) Phylogenetic systematics of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and related taxa, with notes on the biogeographical history of Yphthimoides species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 168, 107390."]}