cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Entanglement with Witness Operators
Creators: name: Brandao, Fernando Guadalupe Santos Lins
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an unifying approach to the quantification of entanglement based on entanglement witnesses, which includes several already established entanglement measures such as the negativity, the concurrence and the robustness of entanglement. We then introduce an infinite family of new entanglement quantifiers, having as its limits the best separable approximation measure and the generalized robustness. Gaussian states, states with symmetry, states constrained to super-selection rules and states composed of indistinguishable particles are studied under the view of the witnessed entanglement. We derive new bounds to the fidelity of teleportation d_{min}, for the distillable entanglement E_{D} and for the entanglement of formation. A particular measure, the PPT-generalized robustness, stands out due to its easy calculability and provides sharper bounds to d_{min} and E_{D} than the negativity in most of states. We illustrate our approach studying thermodynamical properties of entanglement in the Heisenberg XXX and dimerized models.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures. Replaced version containing missing paragraphs. Mistakes in sections III, VI and XIII corrected
“Follow it up until you come to the nose of the thing!” Ambiguous verbal instruction in robotic surgery
Creators: name: Huang, Emily
name: Yanamala, Sandeep
name: Carsen Steele
name: Bacon, Daniel
name: McKenzie, Andrew
name: Sutkin, Gary
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Background



Rapid assimilation of the robot into modern surgical practice has made optimizing robotic teaching a topic of urgency. The configurational relationship in robotic surgery eliminates face-to-face interaction and co-manipulation of the surgical field, leaving teachers almost entirely dependent on verbal communication. We examined semantics in robotic surgery instruction through the lens of two linguistic phenomena: directional frame of reference (DFR) and deixis (“pointing”).



Methods



Robotic inguinal hernia repair (rIHR) procedures at a teaching institution were video and audio-recorded, capturing both endoscopic view and a view of the dual operating consoles to observe trainer/trainee interactions. Audio was transcribed and deidentified, then instances of linguistic and physical phenomena counted. The synchronized video was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, to identify linguistic and physical themes in instruction and communication.



Results



In four recorded rIHR dissections (98 min), we counted 525 instances of DFR, 475 anaphora, 376 definite description, and 941 verbal / 316 physical deixis. Physical deixis was mainly used by trainers while operating (178 instances) or during console handover (48 instances). Themes that emerged in qualitative analysis included thin / colloquialized verbal representations of complex phenomena and anatomic relationships (e.g., “just burn down,” to describe cautery dissection motions); instructional ambiguity requiring tacit knowledge for interpretation (e.g., knowing what hernia sac edge looks like); 2D terms describing movement in 3D spaces; and use of pointers, demonstrative exposures, camera repositioning, and console takeover for physical deixis.



Discussion



In our study, ambiguous linguistic phenomena (DFR, anaphora, verbal deixis) significantly outnumbered definite verbalizations during rIHR instruction, and most verbal deixis (e.g. “right there”) was unaccompanied by physical pointing. Ambiguous verbal instruction required varying degrees of tacit knowledge about case conduct, anatomy, and instrumentation for interpretation. Physical deixis was more challenging for trainers when not controlling the console, resulting in console takeovers. Further work delineating robust shared vocabulary for intraoperative surgical phenomena and spatial anatomy could improve teaching, safety, and trainee autonomy.



Take-home messages



Minimizing instructional ambiguity is important for effective and safe robotic surgery teaching. In an environment of limited physical communication, effective surgical teachers should consider trainee tacit knowledge, utilize explicit language, and accompany verbal teaching with physical deixis.
The Effects of Relative Food Prices on Obesity – Evidence from China: 1991-2006
Creators: name: Lu, Yang
name: Goldman, Dana
name: Lu, Yang
name: Goldman, Dana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: This paper explores the effects of relative food prices on body weight and body fat over time in China. We study a cohort of 15,000 adults from over 200 communities in China, using the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2006). While we find that decreases in the price of energy-dense foods have consistently led to elevated body fat, this price effect does not always hold for body weight. These findings suggest that changes in food consumption patterns induced by varying food prices can increase percentage body fat to risky levels even without substantial weight gain. In addition, food prices and subsidies could be used to encourage healthier food consumption patterns and to curb obesity.
¿Paz sin Justicia? Argentina’s "Dirty War" and gross violations of human rights : does impunity conform to international human rights norms?
Creators: name: Hustins, Nancy-Louise E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Inadequate laws and the impunity of those who are the perpetrators of gross violations of human rights in past authoritarian regimes fuel the struggle between accountability and social reconciliation in South America. Various incoming governments in Latin America have granted amnesty or impunity to the authors, under one or more previous governments, of gross violations of human rights, ostensibly in order to ensure a smooth transition of power from dictatorships to new democracies. The question of how to deal with past violators of human rights in a transitional justice context is important to international human rights law as it raises complex questions of international legal theory and practice. During the 1970s, Argentina witnessed state-sponsored terrorism on an unprecedented scale. Violations of human rights, such as abductions, torture and disappearance were rampant in everyday society. The military carried out these crimes in a culture of impunity. In this thesis, the author argues that the reign of impunity that existed and continues to exist after Argentina's "dirty war" is in violation of the state's domestic and international obligations. Successor regimes have an obligation in international law to investigate, prosecute, and punish the authors of gross violations of human rights. This duty is reflected in current trends in international law toward furthering accountability by a variety of mechanisms. The author argues that this duty has not been fulfilled by the Argentine government. The author provides a historical analysis of the 'dirty war' and gross violations of human rights that occurred in Argentina. The author presents a doctrinal argument supporting the emerging norm in international law that requires states to investigate, prosecute and provide redress for gross violations of human rights, drawing upon conventional treaty law and customary international law. Finally, the author considers recent events in Argentina reflective of diminishing impunity for crimes against humanity.
Improving research capabilities in postgraduate gap year through a “Veterans bridging project”
Creators: name: Ka-Wai Tam
name: El-Wui Loh
name: Bei-Wen Wu
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Background: In some countries, medical students are required to enlist in the military after graduation. On discharge from the army, there will be a window period of medical learning before postgraduate year (PGY) training programs start. Often, no study plan is arranged during this period. We sought to arrange a research skills training program to bridge the gap of medical education.



Summary of work: The authors have organized the Veterans Bridging Project in which the graduates are encouraged to participate in a one-day research skill workshop since 2020. After learning basic research knowledge, they were assigned to one of the clinical research projects proposed by clinicians. During military service, they studied literature to gain adequate knowledge to prepare for the coming research projects. After discharge, they collected data, analyzed the data, and wrote the papers, all within six months. They were required to accomplish the work before the PGY training started. A survey evaluating overall satisfaction in research skills was administered to participants at the end of the project.



Summary of results: A total of 90 participants completed the evaluation surveys. A five-item Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) was used to measure general satisfaction. Most of the participants agreed that the one-day workshop could help them understand the study design (mean ± standard deviations, 4.27 ± 0.52), helpful in avoiding the risk of bias when conducting studies (4.10 ± 0.66), and agreed that research skills are essential to their future (4.37 ± 067). Finally, 41 veterans joined the clinical research projects. They were the authors of 11 articles and reported high satisfaction with the project (4.67 ± 065).



Discussion and conclusion: Effective improvement of research capabilities could be achieved through substantial participation in the study. The matchmaking of young veterans with clinical clinicians to conduct a project can effectively improve their research skills. We recommend the implementation of the Veterans Bridging Project in medical training programs.



Take-home message: PGY and resident training are too busy to have complete learning on research skills. Taking advantage of the window period in medical training and engaging and training the graduates through the Veterans Bridging Project could bridge the gap between research skills and professional competencies.
Evolved Explainable Classifications for Lymph Node Metastases
Creators: name: de Sousa, Iam Palatnik
name: Vellasco, Marley Maria Bernardes Rebuzzi
name: da Silva, Eduardo Costa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A novel evolutionary approach for Explainable Artificial Intelligence is presented: the "Evolved Explanations" model (EvEx). This methodology consists in combining Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations (LIME) with Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms to allow for automated segmentation parameter tuning in image classification tasks. In this case, the dataset studied is Patch-Camelyon, comprised of patches from pathology whole slide images. A publicly available Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was trained on this dataset to provide a binary classification for presence/absence of lymph node metastatic tissue. In turn, the classifications are explained by means of evolving segmentations, seeking to optimize three evaluation goals simultaneously. The final explanation is computed as the mean of all explanations generated by Pareto front individuals, evolved by the developed genetic algorithm. To enhance reproducibility and traceability of the explanations, each of them was generated from several different seeds, randomly chosen. The observed results show remarkable agreement between different seeds. Despite the stochastic nature of LIME explanations, regions of high explanation weights proved to have good agreement in the heat maps, as computed by pixel-wise relative standard deviations. The found heat maps coincide with expert medical segmentations, which demonstrates that this methodology can find high quality explanations (according to the evaluation metrics), with the novel advantage of automated parameter fine tuning. These results give additional insight into the inner workings of neural network black box decision making for medical data.
The spectrum of particles accelerated in relativistic, collisionless shocks
Creators: name: Keshet, Uri
name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically study diffusive particle acceleration in relativistic, collisionless shocks. We find a simple relation between the spectral index s and the anisotropy of the momentum distribution along the shock front. Based on this relation, we obtain s = (3beta_u - 2beta_u*beta_d^2 + beta_d^3) / (beta_u - beta_d) for isotropic diffusion, where beta_u (beta_d) is the upstream (downstream) fluid velocity normalized to the speed of light. This result is in agreement with previous numerical determinations of s for all (beta_u,beta_d), and yields s=38/9 in the ultra-relativistic limit. The spectrum-anisotropy connection is useful for testing numerical studies and for constraining non-isotropic diffusion results. It implies that the spectrum is highly sensitive to the form of the diffusion function for particles travelling along the shock front.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Global competition policy and market access
Creators: name: Burton, Andrew James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The issue of global competition policy is particularly topical at the moment because, notwithstanding the recent breakdown in talks at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Ministerial Conference at Cancun in September 2003, competition policy is very much on the world trade agenda. In this thesis I focus on a particular approach to global competition policy which I describe as the "market access approach". I argue that this approach impinges too greatly on national sovereignty and is also incoherent with both current trade obligations and the needs of the global economy. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the global competition debate and describes how the market access approach fits into the general context. Chapter 2 discusses the market access approach in more detail and argues that, as it seeks to "trump" legitimate domestic competition policy goals, it impacts too greatly on issues of national sovereignty. Chapter 3 examines whether the market access approach can be justified on the basis that it is coherent with existing trade commitments and argues that such an approach goes above and beyond those principles by bringing various public and private practices within the scope of WTO jurisdiction. Chapter 4 looks deeper into the question of the role of competition laws within the world trading system, arguing that a facilitative/regulatory approach is required, guided by the twin standards of efficiency and fairness. Ultimately I conclude that the market access approach is an unsatisfactory solution to the problems posed by the interaction of trade and competition policy and a refocusing of the global competition debate is required.
Certificate and Signature Free Anonymity for V2V Communications
Creators: name: Sehrawat, Vipin Singh
name: Shah, Yogendra
name: Choyi, Vinod Kumar
name: Brusilovsky, Alec
name: Ferdi, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anonymity is a desirable feature for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, but it conflicts with other requirements such as non-repudiation and revocation. Existing, pseudonym-based V2V communications schemes rely on certificate generation and signature verification. These schemes require cumbersome key management, frequent updating of certificate chains and other costly procedures such as cryptographic pairings. In this paper, we present novel V2V communications schemes, that provide authentication, authorization, anonymity, non-repudiation, replay protection, pseudonym revocation, and forward secrecy without relying on traditional certificate generation and signature verification. Security and privacy of our schemes rely on hard problems in number theory. Furthermore, our schemes guarantee security and privacy in the presence of subsets of colluding malicious parties, provided that the cardinality of such sets is below a fixed threshold.
description: This is the full version of the paper that appeared in 2017 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), pp. 139-146. DOI: 10.1109/VNC.2017.8275624
International Trade In Dairy Products: Processors Market Power
Creators: name: Seyoum, Emayenesh
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
name: MacLaren, Donald
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Seyoum, Emayenesh
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
name: MacLaren, Donald
name: Griffith, Garry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Multinational
subject: Processor market power
subject: Dairy products

description: In the past two decades there has been a considerable amount of research conducted into the international price and trade effects of government intervention in the dairy industries of several countries. Recently, the conclusions of those studies have been questioned owing to the rising concentration in the processor sector. Since processors are increasingly multinational in nature and a few of them are operating around the globe, there is a possibility that the processors will influence both the farm and retail prices through their having market power.
Nonanalytic corrections to the specific heat of a three-dimensional Fermi liquid
Creators: name: Chubukov, A. V.
name: Maslov, D. L.
name: Millis, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the issue of the leading nonanalytic corrections to the temperature dependence of the specific heat coefficient, $γ(T)=C(T)/T,$ for a system of interacting fermions in three dimensions. We show that the leading temperature dependence of the specific heat coefficient $γ(T)-γ(0) \propto T^3 \ln T$ comes from two physically distinct processes. The first process involves a thermal excitation of a single particle-hole pair, whose components interact via a nonanalytic dynamic vertex. The second process involves an excitation of three particle-hole pairs which interact via the analytic static fixed-point vertex. We show that the single-pair contribution is expressed via the backscattering amplitude of quasiparticles at the Fermi surface. The three-pair contribution does not have a simple expression in terms of scattering in particular directions. We clarify the relation between these results and previous literature on both 3D and 2D systems, and discuss the relation between the nonanalyticities in $γ$ and those in spin susceptibilities.
Evaluation of a Hybrid Seed Contract Between Smallholders and an MNC in East Java, Indonesia
Creators: name: Simmons, Phil
name: Patrick, Ian
name: Winters, Paul C.
name: Simmons, Phil
name: Patrick, Ian
name: Winters, Paul C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Three hundred smallholders near Malang in East Java were surveyed of whom 150 were participating in a hybrid seed contract with Pioneer Hybrid International Inc, an American MNC that has been contracting in the area since 1986. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the contract improved the welfare of those who participated and, if participation did improve welfare, to evaluate why this contract, in contrast to many other farm contracts in developing countries, is successful. A transaction cost framework was used to specify a framework for probit analysis of contract participation and regression analysis used to measure the contribution made by contract participation to gross margins. The empirical results suggest (i) contract selection was by Pioneer and not through self-selection, (ii) the contract is likely to favour larger farmers and (iii) the Pioneer contract improved returns to farm capital and hence was likely to be welfare improving for contractors. The success of the contract over many years was attributed to the nature of the contracting process which was between Pioneer and grower groups and not at the individual smallholder level.
Sub-Wavelength Multi-Channel Imaging Using a Solid Immersion Lens: Spectroscopy of Excitons in Single Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Hewaparakrama, K. P.
name: Mackowski, S.
name: Jackson, H. E.
name: Smith, L. M.
name: Karczewski, G.
name: Kossut, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate sub-wavelength imaging of excitons confined to single CdTe quantum dots. By combining slit-confocal microscopy with a hemispherical solid immersion lens we simultaneously map the emission of thousands of single quantum dots with a spatial resolution of 400 nm. By analyzing the linear polarization of the quantum dot emissions at B=0T, we find that the distribution of the exchange splitting is centered at zero with a standard deviation of 0.34 meV. Similar experiments performed at B=3T give an average value of the exciton effective g factor of 3.1. This experimental approach provides an effective means to gain statistical information about the quantum dot exciton fine structure in the ensemble.
description: 12 pages, 3 figs - submitted for publication
Model Properties for Efficient Synthesis of Nonblocking Modular Supervisors
Creators: name: Goorden, Martijn
name: van de Mortel-Fronczak, Joanna
name: Reniers, Michel
name: Fabian, Martin
name: Fokkink, Wan
name: Rooda, Jacobus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Supervisory control theory provides means to synthesize supervisors for systems with discrete-event behavior from models of the uncontrolled plant and of the control requirements. The applicability of supervisory control theory often fails due to a lack of scalability of the algorithms. The paper proposes a format for the requirements and a method to ensure that the crucial properties of controllability and nonblockingness directly hold, thus avoiding the most computationally expensive parts of synthesis. The method consists of creating a control problem dependency graph and verifying whether it is acyclic. Vertices of the graph are modular plant components, and edges are derived from the requirements. In case of a cyclic graph, potential blocking issues can be localized, so that the original control problem can be reduced to only synthesizing supervisors for smaller partial control problems. The strength of the method is illustrated on two case studies: a production line and a roadway tunnel.
description: Submitted to Journal of Control Engineering Practice, revision 2
The generalized parton distribution function (E^u+E^d)(x,xi,t) of the nucleon in the chiral quark soliton model
Creators: name: Ossmann, J.
name: Polyakov, M. V.
name: Schweitzer, P.
name: Urbano, D.
name: Goeke, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unpolarized spin-flip isoscalar generalized parton distribution function (E^u+E^d)(x,xi,t) is studied in the large-Nc limit at a low normalization point in the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. This is the first study of generalized parton distribution functions in this model, which appear only at the subleading order in the large-Nc limit. Particular emphasis is put therefore on the demonstration of the theoretical consistency of the approach. The forward limit of (E^u+E^d)(x,xi,t) of which only the first moment -- the anomalous isoscalar magnetic moment of the nucleon -- is known phenomenologically, is computed numerically. Observables sensitive to (E^u+E^d)(x,xi,t) are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
UTILIZAÇÃO DE NORMAS DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO POR PRODUTORES RURAIS E ATACADISTAS DE SÃO PAULO: UM ESTUDO DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE PÊSSEGO NA CEAGESP
Creators: name: Dornfeld, Hugo Carlos
name: Nantes, Jose Flavio Diniz
name: Dornfeld, Hugo Carlos
name: Nantes, Jose Flavio Diniz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: classification
subject: commercialization
subject: peach
subject: rural producers
subject: wholesaler market

description: The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of standardization and classification rules, proposed by the CEAGESP, by peach producers and wholesalers and to identify the effects of this procedure on the supply and commercialization of the fruit. The methodology used included qualitative study and analysis of study cases. Information was gathered through interviews with producers from the state of São Paulo and with the wholesalers of the Entreposto Terminal de São Paulo. Most producers are optimistic about the use of standardization and classification rules and emphasize that their implementation is the reason behind the success of peach commercialization. They invest in improving the quality of the product by updating, whenever possible, the technologies used in the production and post-harvest processes. Among the wholesalers, a preference for and a valorization of the classified peach was observed, although these agents say that the market does not yet recognize the benefits of the standardization and classification rules. The conclusion of this work is that use of the standardization and classification rules suggested by the CEAGESP functions as a support tool in the management of the peach commercialization process.
A Computational Guide to Physics of Eclipsing Binaries. Paper I. Demonstrations and Perspectives
Creators: name: Prsa, A.
name: Zwitter, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PHOEBE (PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs) is a modeling package for eclipsing binary stars, built on top of the widely used WD program (Wilson & Devinney 1971). This introductory paper overviews most important scientific extensions (incorporating observational spectra of eclipsing binaries into the solution-seeking process, extracting individual temperatures from observed color indices, main-sequence constraining and proper treatment of the reddening), numerical innovations (suggested improvements to WD's Differential Corrections method, the new Nelder & Mead's downhill Simplex method) and technical aspects (back-end scripter structure, graphical user interface). While PHOEBE retains 100% WD compatibility, its add-ons are a powerful way to enhance WD by encompassing even more physics and solution reliability. The operability of all these extensions is demonstrated on a synthetic main-sequence test binary; applications to real data will be published in follow-up papers. PHOEBE is released under the GNU General Public License, which guarranties it to be free, open to anyone interested to join in on future development.
description: Submitted to ApJ; 33 pages (preprint format), 13 figures
Object Detection Under Rainy Conditions for Autonomous Vehicles: A Review of State-of-the-Art and Emerging Techniques
Creators: name: Hnewa, Mazin
name: Radha, Hayder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advanced automotive active-safety systems, in general, and autonomous vehicles, in particular, rely heavily on visual data to classify and localize objects such as pedestrians, traffic signs and lights, and other nearby cars, to assist the corresponding vehicles maneuver safely in their environments. However, the performance of object detection methods could degrade rather significantly under challenging weather scenarios including rainy conditions. Despite major advancements in the development of deraining approaches, the impact of rain on object detection has largely been understudied, especially in the context of autonomous driving. The main objective of this paper is to present a tutorial on state-of-the-art and emerging techniques that represent leading candidates for mitigating the influence of rainy conditions on an autonomous vehicle's ability to detect objects. Our goal includes surveying and analyzing the performance of object detection methods trained and tested using visual data captured under clear and rainy conditions. Moreover, we survey and evaluate the efficacy and limitations of leading deraining approaches, deep-learning based domain adaptation, and image translation frameworks that are being considered for addressing the problem of object detection under rainy conditions. Experimental results of a variety of the surveyed techniques are presented as part of this tutorial.
சைவ சமய வளர்ச்சியில் மெய்கண்ட சாத்திரம்-திருவுந்தியார்
Creators: name: Kala, Sree
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200315 Indian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200520 Indian Literature

description: ஆதியும் அந்தமும் இல்லா சைவ சமயத்தின் வளர்ச்சி நிலையைக்காட்டுவன பன்னிருதிருமுறைகளும் பதினான்கு சாத்திர நூல்களும் ஆகும் அதில திருவுந்தியார் சாத்திரம் முதன்மையானது எல்லாம் இறைவன் செயலே நம் செயல் என்பதும் நாம் என்பதும் ஒன்றுமில்லை என்பதை சிவனைத்தொழுதால் அடையலாம் வீடுபேறு அடைவதே வாழ்வின்உயர்வான நோக்கம் என்பதையும் முன்வைக்கிறது
Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean
Creators: name: Moreno-Sanchez, Rocio Del Pilar
name: Maldonado, Jorge Higinio
name: Moreno-Sanchez, Rocio Del Pilar
name: Maldonado, Jorge Higinio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Common-pool resources
subject: governance
subject: co-management
subject: experimental economic games
subject: fisheries
subject: Latin America.

description: Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the sustainable use and conservation of CPR in protected areas.
Sex modifies the association between the MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation and type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population
Creators: name: Vazquez-Moreno, Miguel
name: Locia-Morales, Daniel
name: Valladares-Salgado, Adan
name: Tanmay Sharma
name: Wacher-Rodarte, Niels
name: Cruz, Miguel
name: Meyre, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This is the first report of male-specific association between the MC4R p.Ile269Asn loss-of-function mutation and type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population.
Análisis económico de la “bio-carbonización” como práctica de manejo agrícola
Creators: name: Ramirez, Juan Andres
name: Rosales Alvarez, Ramon
name: Ramirez, Juan Andres
name: Rosales Alvarez, Ramon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: agricultura sostenible
subject: altillanura colombiana
subject: análisis costobeneficio
subject: programación lineal
subject: secuestro de carbono
subject: servicios ambientales.

description: Las altas concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero, específicamente CO2, han sido señaladas como la principal causa del cambio climático. La adopción de prácticas agrícolas capaces de incrementar el contenido de carbono en el suelo, ha sido propuesta como una estrategia de bajo costo y disponibilidad inmediata para enfrentar este fenómeno. La Bio-carbonización es una de estas prácticas agrícolas, la cual implica la aplicación de carbón vegetal al suelo, de modo que el carbono queda capturado en una forma altamente recalcitrante al tiempo que se mejora la calidad del suelo. Este artículo es el primero en evaluar la viabilidad financiera y considerar algunos de los efectos económicos de la práctica, estimados para una finca tipo en la altillanura colombiana. Los resultados permiten determinar la viabilidad financiera de la Bio-carbonización, el valor presente neto del incremento en los beneficios es US$ 534,139, lo cual representa un incremento del 39.2% con relación a la línea base. Igualmente, los beneficios económicos asociados con la Bio-carbonización, hacen de esta una práctica adecuada para la captura de carbono.
Does one size fit all? Strategy for defining entrustable professional activities for family medicine residency in the Brazilian context
Creators: name: Brito, Leonardo
name: Caramori, Ugo
name: D'Abreu, Natália
name: Filho, Cassio Cardoso
name: Fraga, Andrea
name: Bragança, Joana
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Title: 

Does one size fit all? Strategy for defining Entrustable Professional Activities for Family Medicine residency in the Brazilian context.

 

Background: 

In Brazil, health is guaranteed through social and economic policies delivered by the national unified health system focusing on primary health care (PHC). The Family Medicine (FM) specialty delivers most doctors who will work in PHC whose roles are medical care, including local leadership and strategic planning. No description of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for FM residency in Brazil has been defined. 

 

Summary of work: 

FM specialists and faculty core group analyzed the competence matrices defined by the Brazilian Family Medicine Association and the FM EPAs previously described in other countries. The group formulated EPAs considering the population's healthcare needs, the public health system rules, and the specificities of training in FM in the country. A modified Delphi study was performed to validate the developed EPAs. A panel of twenty-four educators specialists in FM composed Delphi's panel and rated the proposed list of EPAs on a four-point Likert scale. After the first round, the core group analyzed the data and included the panelists' suggestions. The rating data and suggested modifications were opened to the panelists from the second round. The threshold for consensus among panelists was a mean content validity index of at least 80%. 

 

Summary of Results: 

The core group formulated fourteen EPAs. The domains were first contact and longitudinally, health advocacy, equity-oriented health care, interprofessional care, leadership, clinical practice, minor surgery, scholarship, and a specific domain to address population and individual vulnerabilities. Delphi's panel comprised FM residency program directors, teachers, and supervisors. Their mean experience time as educators in FM residency was eleven years. It took two rounds to establish consensus, and the panelists approved all fourteen EPAs. An unprecedented EPA addressing social vulnerabilities and specific population needs was approved with a consensus of ninety percent of the panel.

 

Discussion and Conclusion:

Brazil, a developing country, has epidemiological, social, cultural, and economic specificities that differentiate it from developed countries, where EPAs for FM are mainly described. This was evidenced by the need to formulate an EPA to address social vulnerabilities and specific population needs. 



Take-home message:

This work highlights the limitations of transposing EPAs reported in developed countries to low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC). It can support the proposition of EPAs in LMIC residency programs.
Cystixys Kim & Boxshall 2020, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Kim, Il-Hoi
name: Boxshall, Geoff A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Copepoda
Cyclopoida
Notodelphyidae
Cystixys

description: Cystixys gen. nov.
Diagnosis. Body highly transformed, globular. Dorsal cephalic shield bearing paired lateral horn-like processes. Metasome unsegmented, entire metasome forming brood pouch. Free urosome 5-segmented. Caudal rami small, setose; caudalsetae indistinct. Rostrum distinct.Antennule 7-segmented. Antenna 4-segmented, with 2-segmented endopod and small terminal claw. Labrum weak. Mandible with narrow coxal gnathobase bearing 1 distal tooth and proximal pectinate region; palp armed with 1 seta on basis, 5 on exopod, and 1 and 4 on first and second endopodal segments, respectively. Maxillule armedwith 3 setaeon arthrite, 1 eachoncoxalepipoditeand basis, 4onexopodand 3 on endopod; coxal endite absent. Maxilla 4-segmented, 3 endites on syncoxa; basis with slender claw plus 1 seta; endopod small, 2-segmented with 1 and 3 setae on first and second segments, respectively; seta on first segment and 1 seta on second segment enlarged (much longer than entire maxillary segments). Maxilliped unsegmented, armed with few setae. Legs 1–4 with 3-segmented rami; inner coxal seta absent; first and second segments of both rami usually bearing inner seta. Leg 1 basis bearing inner distal spine. Leg 5 located ventrally on surface of somite and represented by outer protopodal seta and inner (exopodal) process bearing outer margin seta. Living in gall formed on branchial tissue of ascidian host.
Type and only species. Cystixys globosa gen. et sp. nov. by original designation.
Etymology. The generic name comes from the Greek cyst (= bladder) and ixys, the ending of several generic names in the family Notodelphyidae: it refers to the mode of life of the type species, living inside a cyst within a gall. Gender feminine.
Remarks. There are two significant autapomorphic features characterising the new genus. Firstly, the shape of the mandibular coxal gnathobase is characteristic with the cutting edge consisting of a single distal tooth and a pectinate proximal region. The second feature is the presence of 2 extremely large setae on the endopod of the maxilla: these setae are longer than the limb itself.
The armature of the mouthparts is markedly reduced in Cystixys gen. nov. In particular, there are only 3 setae on the arthrite of the maxillule and only 2 setae on the maxilliped. In contrast, the armature of swimming legs is relatively well conserved, retaining the inner seta on the first and second segments of all swimming legs.
description: Published as part of Kim, Il-Hoi & Boxshall, Geoff A., 2020, Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata), pp. 1-6 in Megataxa 4 (1) on pages 523-524, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.4.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4591138
Spatially Resolved Chandra Spectroscopy of the Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant N132D
Creators: name: Sharda, Piyush
name: Gaetz, Terrance
name: Kashyap, Vinay
name: Plucinsky, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform detailed spectroscopy of the X-ray brightest supernova remnant (SNR) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), N132D, using Chandra archival observations. By analyzing the spectra of the entire well-defined rim, we determine the mean abundances for O, Ne, Mg, Si, S and Fe for the local LMC environment. We find evidence of enhanced O on the north-western and S on the north-eastern blast wave. By analyzing spectra interior to the remnant, we confirm the presence of a Si-rich relatively hot plasma (> 1.5 kev) that is also responsible for the Fe K emission. Chandra images show that the Fe K emission is distributed throughout the interior of the southern half of the remnant but does not extend out to the blast wave. We estimate the progenitor mass to be $15\pm5\,M_{\odot}$ using abundance ratios in different regions that collectively cover a large fraction of the remnant, as well as from the radius of the forward shock compared with models of an explosion in a cavity created by stellar winds. We fit ionizing and recombining plasma models to the Fe K emission and find that the current data cannot distinguish between the two, hence the origin of the high-temperature plasma remains uncertain. Our analysis is consistent with N132D being the result of a core-collapse supernova in a cavity created by its intermediate mass progenitor.
description: 32 pages, 28 figures, 10 tables, accepted for ApJ
From the infinite to the finite and various : on motion, Spinoza, and his (meta)physics
Creators: name: Harmon, David
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Spinoza
subject: Metaphysics
subject: Physics
subject: Motion
subject: Collision
subject: Necessitarianism
subject: Monism
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Laws of nature
subject: Mereology

description: Spinoza’s monistic ontology famously consists of only one substance (God) and requires that all other things, including me, my desk, Mars, my dog, New York City, the sun, your idea of justice, and everything else, are God’s modes. This framework gives rise to two most basic problems. First, the problem of the finite: given that Spinoza’s God is absolutely infinite, there is a logical gap to be bridged to explain God’s having finite modes. Second, the problem of variety: Spinoza is interested in providing a sufficient explanation for reality’s structure, so he is incapable of admitting facts into his system without explanations. The many finite modes appear to be qualitatively heterogeneous, which may not admit of explanation, given God’s unity. Many consider these problems insurmountable. In this thesis, I propose reaching into Spinoza’s scant physics as a method for solving them. I explore Spinoza’s understanding of concepts like motion, collision, vacuum, and laws of nature, in order to clarify his metaphysics. In Chapter 1, I outline the problems and explain that past attempted solutions require denial of basic Spinozistic commitments. In Chapter 2, I explore Cartesian mechanism and influences on Spinoza in order to develop a solution to the problem of variety on the basis of Spinoza’s understanding of oblique collision. In Chapters 3 and 4, I develop Spinoza’s conceptions of motion and the laws of nature to solve the problem of the finite. In Chapter 5, I explore the implications of these solutions for Spinoza’s understanding of the bottom of the material mereological ladder. In Chapter 6, I amend the standard reading of Spinoza’s conception of the universe considered as mereological totality. In Chapter 7, I explain how my reading of Spinoza on the laws of nature and the vacuum can clarify and develop his necessitarianism.
On bialgebras associated with paths and essential paths on ADE graphs
Creators: name: Coquereaux, Robert
name: Garcia, Ariel O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a graded multiplication on the vector space of essential paths on a graph $G$ (a tree) and show that it is associative. In most interesting applications, this tree is an ADE Dynkin diagram. The vector space of length preserving endomorphisms of essential paths has a grading obtained from the length of paths and possesses several interesting bialgebra structures. One of these, the Double Triangle Algebra (DTA) of A. Ocneanu, is a particular kind of quantum groupoid (a weak Hopf algebra) and was studied elsewhere; its coproduct gives a filtrated convolution product on the dual vector space. Another bialgebra structure is obtained by replacing this filtered convolution product by a graded associative product.It can be obtained from the former by projection on a subspace of maximal grade, but it is interesting to define it directly, without using the DTA. What is obtained is a weak bialgebra, not a weak Hopf algebra.
Improving Agricultural Irrigation on the Balkhab River, Afghanistan
Creators: name: Reeling, Carson J.
name: Mitchell, Peter
name: Halimi, Ghulam Hazrat
name: Lee, John G.
name: Carver, Andrew
name: Reeling, Carson J.
name: Mitchell, Peter
name: Halimi, Ghulam Hazrat
name: Lee, John G.
name: Carver, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: linear programming
subject: irrigation
subject: Afghanistan

description: In Afghanistan, where 80% of the population is rural, irrigated agriculture is important for satisfying subsistence needs. While most of the irrigated agriculture is fed by diversion canal systems which tap surface flows, legal and physical water infrastructure in the region is generally poor. A math programming model is used to optimize irrigation strategies under different water-availability and policy scenarios. It is found that the construction of a reservoir could increase net revenues to a representative farming community by up to 30%. However, even greater benefits may result from increasing distribution efficiencies, depending on the initial level of conveyance losses. Further, property rights schemes may be implemented to distribute wealth more evenly through various zones at minimal cost to the agricultural community as a whole. These results may prove useful to policymakers or water authorities in reestablishing water rights.