Libythea geoffroyi subsp. ceramensis Wallace 1869
Creators: name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Libythea
Libythea geoffroyi
Libythea geoffroyi ceramensis wallace 1869

description: Libythea geoffroyi ceramensis Wallace 1869   
(Figs. 81–84)  
 Libythea ceramensis Wallace 1869: 336.   
 Libythea batchiana Wallace 1869: 336, 337 [new synonymy].   
 Libythea geoffroyi var. ceramensis: Kirby 1871: 283.   
 Libythea geoffroyi var. batchiana: Kirby 1871: 283.   
 Libythea geoffroyi batchiana: Staudinger 1889: 89.   
 Libythea geoffroyi ceramensis: Staudinger 1889: 89.   
 Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] var. ceramensis: Pagenstecher 1901: 10.   
 Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] var. batchiana: Pagenstecher 1901: 10.   
 Libythea (Libythea) geoffroyi var. ceramensis: Pagenstecher 1902: 2.   
 Libythea (Libythea) geoffroyi var. batchiana: Pagenstecher 1902: 2.   
 Libythea geoffroy [sic] seramensis [sic] Fruhstorfer 1909a: 52.   
 Libythea geoffroy [sic] batjana Fruhstorfer 1909a: 52, 53.   
 Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] batjana: Pagenstecher 1911: 6.   
 Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] seramensis [sic]: Pagenstecher 1911: 6.   
 Libythea geoffroy [sic] batchiana: Fruhstorfer 1914: 771.   
 Libythea geoffroy [sic] ceramensis: Fruhstorfer 1914: 771.   
 Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] ceramensis: Nakahara & Kurosawa 1958: 141.   
 Diagnosis. Libythea geoffroyi ceramensis differs from other subspecies in that the hindwing margin of the male is weakly scalloped. The forewing dorsum of the female has an orange discal cell mark, and a large orange mark stretches from just anterior of CuA 1 to the posterior wing margin. Hindwing dorsum with a narrow orange band from M 1 to CuA 1.   
 Type Specimens Examined. The type specimen of L. g. ceramensis could not be located during the time of this study. The original description of Wallace (1869) was used as the primary reference for L. g. ceramensis.   
 Other Specimens Examined. (50♂, 12♀): INDONESIA: Bacan: 1♂, 25-XI-1939, R. G. Wind (CUIC); 1♂, 25-XI-1939, R.G. and C.M. Wind (MGCL); 1♂, 30-XI-1939, R.G. and C.M. Wind (MGCL); 1♀, J. Doll (AMNH); 1♂, F. Johnson (USNM); 1♂, 1♀, O. Staudinger (CMNH);, 3♂, 1♀, VIII, H. Fruhstorfer (BMNH); 3♂, Platen (BMNH); 5♂ (BMNH). Maluku: Maluku Islands, 1♂ (BMNH). Ambon Island, 2♂, 1899 (BMNH). ‘Soela Island’, 6♂, 1918, W. J. C. Frost (BMNH). Seram: 2♂ (BMNH); 2♂, 1♀, H. Fruhstorfer (BMNH); Central Seram, Mansuela, 6000 ft [1829 m]: 3♂, 4♀, X-XI- 1919, C. F. and J. Pratt (BMNH). Piroe, W. Seram, 1♂, 29-I-1904, J. C. Kershaw (BMNH). Obi: 1♀, H. Fruhstorfer (BMNH); Laiwui: 1♂, IX-1897, W. Doherty (BMNH); 1♂, W. Doherty (BMNH); 1♂, W. J. C. Frost (BMNH); 13♂, 3♀, H. Fruhstorfer (BMNH). Uncertain country: 1♂ (AMNH).   
 Distribution. Indonesia: Ambon, Bacan, Halmahera, Maluku, Obi and Seram.   
 Remarks. Wallace (1869: 336) described Libythea batchiana, which he considered ‘very close to L. ceramensis.’ He distinguished L. ceramensis by its elongate and rounded wing apex, hindwing shape, wing venation and color. The two taxa are here synonymized because none of the specimens from Bacan could be readily distinguished from those from Seram.
description: Published as part of Kawahara, Akito Y., 2013,  Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) , pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 3631 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3631.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5261853