cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sequential replication-coupled destruction at G1/S ensures genome stability
Creators: name: Brantley, Kristen
name: Grant, Gavin D.
name: Cook, Jeanette Gowen
name: Coleman, Kate E.
name: Purvis, Jeremy E.
name: Haggerty, Rachel A.
name: Workman, Benjamin D.
name: Dutta, Anindya
name: Shibata, Etsuko
name: Varma, Dileep
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Timely ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is fundamental to cell cycle control, but the precise degradation order at each cell cycle phase transition is still unclear. We investigated the degradation order among substrates of a single human E3 ubiquitin ligase, CRL4Cdt2, which mediates the S-phase degradation of key cell cycle proteins, including Cdt1, PR-Set7, and p21. Our analysis of synchronized cells and asynchronously proliferating live single cells revealed a consistent order of replication-coupled destruction during both S-phase entry and DNA repair; Cdt1 is destroyed first, whereas p21 destruction is always substantially later than that of Cdt1. These differences are attributable to the CRL4Cdt2 targeting motif known as the PIP degron, which binds DNA-loaded proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNADNA) and recruits CRL4Cdt2. Fusing Cdt1's PIP degron to p21 causes p21 to be destroyed nearly concurrently with Cdt1 rather than consecutively. This accelerated degradation conferred by the Cdt1 PIP degron is accompanied by more effective Cdt2 recruitment by Cdt1 even though p21 has higher affinity for PCNADNA. Importantly, cells with artificially accelerated p21 degradation display evidence of stalled replication in mid-S phase and sensitivity to replication arrest. We therefore propose that sequential degradation ensures orderly S-phase progression to avoid replication stress and genome instability.
FIT4RRI D3.4: Experiment 4 Report Text and Data Mining Big Scholarly Data
Creators: name: Pontika, Nancy
name: Knoth, Petr
name: Gyawali, Bikash
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: RRI
Open Science
co-creation
quadrupel helix

description: Staff and students affiliated to a university can access and download all the research papers the
 institution subscribes to, provided that they are logged in to the institution’s network. While
 readers can access research literature their university subscribes to quite easily, it is not possible
 for text and data miners to machine access research literature their university subscribes to
 effectively and at scale. The current amendments and exceptions in the Copyright Law have given us the green light to
 text and data mine (TDM) content we have acquired access to for non-commercial research.
 eduTDM aims to find a pragmatic solution to arrange how this content can be delivered to text
 miners as easily as possible based on the subscription they have. In order to reach to a pragmatic solution and examine whether the stakeholders agree with the
 eduTDM vision, the Open University (OU) created a working group (WG) consisting of
 commercial closed access publishers, open access publishers, companies performing TDM,
 organisations creating TDM corpuses, policy makers, text and data miners and industry (see
 more on sections 3 - 7 below).
Does the presence of planets affect the frequency and properties of extrasolar Kuiper Belts? Results from the Herschel DEBRIS and DUNES surveys
Creators: name: Moro-Martin, A.
name: Marshall, J. P.
name: Kennedy, G.
name: Sibthorpe, B.
name: Matthews, B. C.
name: Eiroa, C.
name: Wyatt, M. C.
name: Lestrade, J. -F.
name: Maldonado, J.
name: Rodriguez, D.
name: Greaves, J. S.
name: Montesinos, B.
name: Mora, A.
name: Booth, M.
name: Duchene, G.
name: Wilner, D.
name: Horner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the planet-debris disk connection can shed light on the formation and evolution of planetary systems, and may help predict the presence of planets around stars with certain disk characteristics. In preliminary analyses of the Herschel DEBRIS and DUNES surveys, Wyatt et al. (2012) and Marshall et al. (2014) identified a tentative correlation between debris and low-mass planets. Here we use the cleanest possible sample out these surveys to assess the presence of such a correlation, discarding stars without known ages, with ages < 1 Gyr and with binary companions <100 AU, to rule out possible correlations due to effects other than planet presence. In our sample of 204 FGK stars, we do not find evidence that debris disks are more common or more dusty around stars harboring high-mass or low-mass planets compared to a control sample without identified planets, nor that debris disks are more or less common (or more or less dusty) around stars harboring multiple planets compared to single-planet systems. Diverse dynamical histories may account for the lack of correlations. The data show the correlation between the presence of high-mass planets and stellar metallicity, but no correlation between the presence of low-mass planets or debris and stellar metallicity. Comparing the observed cumulative distribution of fractional luminosity to those expected from a Gaussian distribution, we find that a distribution centered on the Solar system's value fits well the data, while one centered at 10 times this value can be rejected. This is of interest in the context of future terrestrial planet characterization because it indicates that there are good prospects for finding a large number of debris disk systems (i.e. with evidence of harboring the building blocks of planets) with exozodiacal emission low enough to be appropriate targets for an ATLAST-type mission to search for biosignatures.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 31 pages, 13 figures, 9 tables
Myophoria Kefersteini Münster aus der Bleiglanzbank des Gipskeupers von Sindelfingen und Myophoria Schmidti nov. sp. aus den Trochitenkalken von Donaueschingen
Creators: name: Weigelin, Max
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 69, 1913
Der Tannenhäher in Württemberg und sein letztes zahlreiches Auftreten daselbst im Herbst 1911
Creators: name: Bacmeister, Walther
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 69, 1913
Sex-specific interaction between APOE genotype and carbohydrate intake affects plasma HDL-C levels: the Strong Heart Family Study
Creators: name: Howard, B. V.
name: MacCluer, J. W.
name: Mosher, M. J.
name: North, K. E.
name: Best, L. G.
name: Lee, E. T.
name: Lange, L. A.
name: Fabsitz, R. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sexual dimorphism, however, is widely reported in both HDL-C and CVD, with the underlying explanations of these sexual differences not fully understood. HDL-C is a complex trait influenced by both genes and dietary factors. Here we examine evidence for a sex-specific effect of APOE and the macronutrient carbohydrate on HDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and apoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) in a sample of 326 male and 423 female participants of the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). Using general estimating equations in SAS to account for kinship correlations, stratifying by sex, and adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and SHS center, we examine the relationship between APOE genotype and carbohydrate intake on circulating levels of HDL-C, TG, and ApoA-1 through a series of carbohydrate-by-sex interactions and stratified analyses. APOE-by-carbohydrate intake shows significant sex-specific effects. All males had similar decreases in HDL-C levels associated with increased carbohydrate intake. However, only those females with APOE-4 alleles showed significantly lower HDL-C levels as their percent of carbohydrate intake increased, while no association was noted between carbohydrate intake and HDL-C in those females without an APOE-4 allele. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding sex differences in gene-by-nutrient interaction when examining the complex architecture of HDL-C variation.
Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Quartärs in Schwaben
Creators: name: Geyer, David
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 69, 1913
Toward Zero-shot Character Recognition: A Gold Standard Dataset with Radical-level Annotations
Creators: name: Diao, Xiaolei
name: Shi, Daqian
name: Li, Jian
name: Shi, Lida
name: Yue, Mingzhe
name: Qi, Ruihua
name: Li, Chuntao
name: Xu, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optical character recognition (OCR) methods have been applied to diverse tasks, e.g., street view text recognition and document analysis. Recently, zero-shot OCR has piqued the interest of the research community because it considers a practical OCR scenario with unbalanced data distribution. However, there is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating such zero-shot methods that apply a divide-and-conquer recognition strategy by decomposing characters into radicals. Meanwhile, radical recognition, as another important OCR task, also lacks radical-level annotation for model training. In this paper, we construct an ancient Chinese character image dataset that contains both radical-level and character-level annotations to satisfy the requirements of the above-mentioned methods, namely, ACCID, where radical-level annotations include radical categories, radical locations, and structural relations. To increase the adaptability of ACCID, we propose a splicing-based synthetic character algorithm to augment the training samples and apply an image denoising method to improve the image quality. By introducing character decomposition and recombination, we propose a baseline method for zero-shot OCR. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of ACCID and the baseline model quantitatively and qualitatively.
description: Accepted by ACM MM 2023
Origin of Symmetric PMNS and CKM Matrices
Creators: name: Rodejohann, Werner
name: Xu, Xun-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PMNS and CKM matrices are phenomenologically close to symmetric, and a symmetric form could be used as zeroth-order approximation for both matrices. We study the possible theoretical origin of this feature in flavor symmetry models. We identify necessary geometric properties of discrete flavor symmetry groups that can lead to symmetric mixing matrices. Those properties are actually very common in discrete groups such as $A_{4}$, $S_{4}$ or $Δ(96)$. As an application of our theorem, we generate a symmetric lepton mixing scheme with $θ_{12}=θ_{23}=36.21^{\circ};θ_{13}=12.20^{\circ}$ and $δ=0$, realized with the group $Δ(96)$.
description: 8 pages. 4 figures. minor corrections to appear in PRD
title: Lebensqualität, Konsum und Umwelt: intelligente Lösungen statt unnötiger Gegensätze
Creators: name: Spangenberg, J. H.
name: Lorek, S.
Publisher: name: FH Münster - University of Applied Sciences
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke

description: Wer will nicht ein gutes Leben für sich und ein besseres für seine Kinder? Der Begriff Lebensqualität fasst zusammen, was Menschen als gutes Leben anstreben. Er ist nicht einfach zu definieren, denn die Wünsche und Vorlieben der Menschen sind vielfältig. Eine bessere Lebensqualität beinhaltet auch eine gesunde Natur und Umwelt. Doch wie viel Natur- und Umweltschutz braucht eine bessere Lebensqualität und wann wird Umweltschutz (subjektiv oder objektiv) lästig und beeinträchtigt die Lebensqualität?
title: Integral Models of Moduli Spaces of Shtukas with Deep Level Structures
Creators: name: Bieker, Patrick
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2022

description: We construct integral models for moduli spaces of shtukas with deep Bruhat-Tits level structures. In the Drinfeld case, we define Drinfeld level structures for Drinfeld shtukas of any rank and show that their moduli spaces are regular and admit finite flat level maps. In particular, the moduli space of Drinfeld shtukas with Drinfeld Γ0(p^n)-level structures provides a good integral model and a relative compactification of the moduli space of shtukas with naive Γ0(p^n)-level defined using shtukas for dilated group schemes. For general reductive groups, we embed the moduli space of global shtukas for the deep Bruhat-Tits group scheme into the limit of the moduli spaces of shtukas for all associated parahoric group schemes. We define the integral model of the moduli space of shtukas with deep Bruhat-Tits level as the schematic image of this map and show that the integral models defined in this way admit proper, surjective and generically étale level maps as well as a natural Newton stratification. In the Drinfeld case, this general construction of integral models recovers the moduli space of Drinfeld shtukas with Drinfeld level structures.
OAS – Ontology-based yard management
Creators: name: Scholze, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ontology
standard
data management
global workshop
ontology commons ecosystem
FAIR

description: This use case aims to improve the automation of yard management. The demonstrator, within OntoCOmmons, aims at improving effectiveness and responsiveness of decision0making in logistics control systems (yard management) based on data sharing built around data streams: Semantically describe the data streaming from yard management by dedicated PSS ontology. Ontology should support standardisation of yard management services; yard sites do differ from each other leading to very individual solution for each site. Defining rules for configuration and scheduling of yard system using ontology.
Instanton operators and symmetry enhancement in 5d supersymmetric gauge theories
Creators: name: Tachikawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric gauge theories in five dimensions often exhibit less symmetry than the ultraviolet fixed points from which they flow. The fixed points might have larger flavor symmetry or they might even be secretly six-dimensional theories on S^1. Here we provide a simple criterion when such symmetry enhancement in the ultraviolet should occur, by a direct study of the fermionic zero modes around one-instanton operators.
description: v3: 20 pages; an error in Sec. 4.2 corrected, overall conclusion unchanged. published version
Phases at finite winding number of an Abelian lattice gauge theory
Creators: name: Stornati, Paolo
name: Banerjee, Debasish
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Krah, Philipp
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: invariance: gauge
fermion: matter
dimension: 3
excited state
condensation
abelian
ground state
gauge field theory
lattice field theory
torelon
U(1)
geometry
numerical calculations

description: Pure gauge theories are rather different from theories with pure scalar and fermionic matter, especially in terms of the nature of excitations. For example, in scalar and fermionic theories, one can create ultra-local excitations. For a gauge theory, such excitations need to be closed loops that do not violate gauge invariance. In this proceedings, we present a study on the condensation phenomenon associated with the string-like excitations of an Abelian lattice gauge theory. These phenomena are studied through numerical simulations of a U(1) quantum link model in 2+1 dimensions in a ladder geometry using matrix product states. In this proceeding we show the existence of ground states characterized by the presence of such string-like excitations. These are caused due to the condensation of torelons. We also study the relationship between the properties of the plaquettes in the ground state and the presence of such condensation phenomenon.
title: Machine learning for parameter identification of electric induction machines
Creators: name: F. Kent, W.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is concerned with the application of simulated evolution (SE) to the steady-state parameter identification problem of a simulated and real 3-phase induction machine, over the no-load direct-on-line start period. In the case of the simulated 3-phase induction machine, the Kron's two-axis dynamic mathematical model was used to generate the real and simulated system responses where the induction machine parameters remain constant over the entire range of slip. The model was used in the actual value as well as the per-unit system, and the parameters were estimated using both the genetic algorithm (GA) and the evolutionary programming (EP) from the machine's dynamic response to a direct-on-line start. Two measurement vectors represented the dynamic responses and all the parameter identification processes were subject to five different levels of measurement noise. For the case of the real 3-phase induction machine, the real system responses were generated by the real 3-phase induction machine whilst the simulated system responses were generated by the Kron's model. However, the real induction machine's parameters are not constant over the range of slip, because of the nonlinearities caused by the skin effect and saturation. Therefore, the parameter identification of a real3-phase induction machine, using EP from the machine's dynamic response to a direct-on-line start, was not possible by applying the same methodology used for estimating the parameters of the simulated, constant parameters, 3-phase induction machine.
Die Ichneumoniden Württembergs mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Lebensweise
Creators: name: Pfeffer, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 69, 1913
Power counting for three-body decays of a near-threshold state
Creators: name: Alhakami, Mohammad H.
name: Birse, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new power counting for the effective field theory describing a near-threshold state with unstable constituents, such as the X(3872) meson. In this counting, the momenta of the heavy particles, the pion mass and the excitation energy of the unstable constituent -- the D* in the case of the X -- are treated as small scales, of order Q. The difference, delta, between the excitation energy of the D* and the pion mass is smaller than either by a factor ~20. We therefore assign delta an order Q^2 in our counting. This provides a consistent framework for a double expansion in both delta/m_pi and the ratio of m_pi to the high-energy scales in this system. It ensures that amplitudes have the correct behaviour at the three-body threshold. It allows us to derive, within an effective theory, various results which have previously been obtained using physically-motivated approximations.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; more discussion of pion exchange added
Identification, characterization and evolution of a primate β-defensin gene cluster
Creators: name: French, F S
name: Hamil, K G
name: Young, S L
name: Hall, S H
name: Radhakrishnan, Y
name: Yenugu, S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Defensins are members of a large diverse family of cationic antimicrobial peptides that share a signature pattern consisting of six conserved cysteine residues. Defensins have a wide variety of functions and their disruption has been implicated in various human diseases. Here we report the characterization of DEFB119–DEFB123, five genes in the human β-defensin cluster locus on chromosome 20q11.1. The genomic structures of DEFB121 and DEFB122 were determined in silico. Sequences of the five macaque orthologs were obtained and expression patterns of the genes were analyzed in humans and macaque by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression was restricted to the male reproductive tract. The genes in this cluster are differentially regulated by androgens. Evolutionary analyses suggest that this cluster originated by a series of duplication events and by positive selection. The evolutionary forces driving the proliferation and diversification of these defensins may be related to reproductive specialization and/or the host–parasite coevolutionary process.
Modulation of cystic fibrosis lung disease by variants in interleukin-8
Creators: name: Londono, D
name: Knowles, M R
name: Pace, R G
name: Dunn, J M
name: Hillian, A D
name: Drumm, M L
name: Goddard, K A B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease is characterized by excessive and prolonged inflammation. CF Pulmonary disease severity exhibits considerable variation that, to some extent, appears to be due to the presence of modifier genes. Several components of the inflammatory response are known to have altered regulation in the CF lung. Genetic variants in 52 inflammatory genes were tested for associations with lung disease indices in a CF patient population (n=737) homozygous for the ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutation. Variants in 3 inflammatory genes showed significant genotypic associations with CF lung disease severity, including IL8 and previously reported TGFβ11 (p≤0.05). When analyzed by gender, it was apparent that IL8 variant associations were predominantly due to males. The IL8 variants were tested in an additional CF population (n=385) and the association in males verified (p≤0.01). The IL8 variants were in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (R2≥0.82), while variants in neighboring genes CXCL6, RASSF6 and PF4V1 did not associate (p≥0.26) and were in weaker LD with each other and with the IL8 variants (0.01≤R2≤0.49). Studies revealed differential expression between the IL8 promoter variant alleles (p<0.001). These results suggest that IL8 variants modify CF lung disease severity and have functional consequences.
FoxP3 interacts with linker histone H1.5 to modulate gene expression and program Treg cell activity
Creators: name: Su, L
name: Wang, R
name: Unutmaz, D
name: Holmes, D A
name: Mackey-Cushman, S L
name: Gao, J
name: Nunoya, J-i
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The forkhead box transcription factor FoxP3 controls the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cell. FoxP3 modulates gene expression in Treg cells by multiple epigenetic mechanisms that are not clearly defined. We identified FoxP3 interacting proteins in human T cells by co-IP/MS. We discovered that FoxP3 interacted with linker histone H1.5 via the leucine zipper (LZ) domain. Two independent IPEX patient-derived single residue mutations in the LZ of FoxP3 both abrogated its interaction with H1.5. Functionally, FoxP3 and H1.5 cooperatively repressed IL-2 expression in human T cells; and silencing of H1.5 expression inhibited the ability of FoxP3 to suppress IL-2 expression. We show that FoxP3 specifically enhanced H1.5 association at the IL-2 promoter, but reduce its association at the CTLA4 promoter, correlated with higher or lower histone acetylation of the respective promoters. Finally, silencing of H1.5 expression in human Treg cells impaired the Treg function to suppress target T cells. We conclude that FoxP3 interacts with H1.5 to alter its binding to target genes to modulate their expression and to program Treg function.
IRF7: activation, regulation, modification and function
Creators: name: Pagano, J S
name: Barber, G N
name: Ning, S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was originally identified in the context of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, and has since emerged as the crucial regulator of type I interferons (IFNs) against pathogenic infections, which activate IRF7 by triggering signaling cascades from pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogenic nucleic acids. Moreover, IRF7 is a multifunctional transcription factor, underscored by the fact that it is associated with EBV latency, in which IRF7 is induced as well as activated by the EBV principal oncoprotein latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1). Aberrant production of type I IFNs is associated with many types of diseases such as cancers and autoimmune disorders. Thus, tight regulation of IRF7 expression and activity is imperative in dictating appropriate type I IFN production for normal IFN-mediated physiological functions. Posttranslational modifications have important roles in regulation of IRF7 activity, exemplified by phosphorylation, which is indicative of its activation. Furthermore, mounting evidence has shed light on the importance of regulatory ubiquitination in activation of IRF7. Albeit these exciting findings have been made in the past decade since its discovery, many questions related to IRF7 remain to be addressed.
MiRNA-181a regulates Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammatory response in human fibroblasts
Creators: name: Ko, C-C
name: Khan, A A
name: Naqvi, A R
name: Galicia, J C
name: Nares, S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate the synthesis of cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Our recent microarray study comparing normal and inflamed human dental pulps showed that miRNA-181 (miR-181) family is differentially expressed in the presence of inflammation. Prior studies have reported that the dental pulp, which is composed primarily of TLR4/2+ fibroblasts, expresses elevated levels of cytokines including Interleukin-8 (IL-8) when inflamed. In this study, we employed an in-vitro model to determine the role of the miRNA 181 family in the TLR agonist-induced response in human fibroblasts. TLR4/2+ primary human dental pulp fibroblasts were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg LPS), a known oral pathogen, and IL-8 and miR-181 expression measured. An inversely proportional relationship between IL-8 and miR-181a was observed. In-silico analysis identified a miR-181a binding site on the 3′UTR of IL-8 which was confirmed by dual-luciferase assays. MiR-181a directly binds to the 3′UTR of IL-8, an important inflammatory component of the immune response, and modulates its levels. This is the very first report demonstrating miR-181a regulation of IL-8.
Using the emerging Collaborative Cross to probe the immune system
Creators: name: Valdar, W
name: Frelinger, J A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The Collaborative Cross (CC) is an emerging panel of recombinant inbred mouse strains. Each strain is genetically distinct but all descended from the same eight inbred founders. In 66 strains from incipient lines of the CC (pre-CC), as well as the 8 CC founders and some of their F1 offspring, we examined subsets of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. We found significant variation among the founders, with even greater diversity in the pre-CC. Genome-wide association using inferred haplotypes detected highly significant loci controlling B-to-T cell ratio, CD8 T-cell numbers, CD11c and CD23 expression. Comparison of overall strain effects in the CC founders with strain effects at QTL in the pre-CC revealed sharp contrasts in the genetic architecture of two traits with significant loci: variation in CD23 can be explained largely by additive genetics at one locus, whereas variation in B-to-T ratio has a more complex etiology. For CD23, we found a strong QTL whose confidence interval contained the CD23 structural gene Fcer2a. Our data on the pre-CC demonstrate the utility of the CC for studying immunophenotypes and the value of integrating founder, CC, and F1 data. The extreme immunophenotypes observed could have pleiotropic effects in other CC experiments.
Purcell factor of Mie resonators featuring electric and magnetic modes
Creators: name: Zambrana-Puyalto, Xavier
name: Bonod, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a modal approach to compute the Purcell factor in Mie resonators exhibiting both electric and magnetic resonances. The analytic expressions of the normal modes are used to calculate the effective volumes. We show that important features of the effective volume can be predicted thanks to the translation-addition coefficients of a displaced dipole. Using our formalism, it is easy to see that, in general, the Purcell factor of Mie resonators is not dominated by a single mode, but rather by a large superposition. Finally we consider a silicon resonator homogeneously doped with electric dipolar emitters, and we show that the average electric Purcell factor dominates over the magnetic one.
The role of genetic variants in CRP in radiographic severity in African Americans with early and established rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Hughes, L B
name: Arnett, D K
name: McGwin, G
name: Callahan, L F
name: Westfall, A O
name: Conn, D
name: Bridges, S L
name: Szalai, A J
name: Danila, M I
name: Reynolds, R J
name: Moreland, L W
name: Raman, K
name: Chen, L
name: van der Heijde, D M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This study investigates the association of CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with plasma CRP levels and radiographic severity in African Americans with early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using a cross-sectional case-only design, CRP SNPs were genotyped in two independent sets of African Americans with RA: Consortium for the Longitudinal Evaluation of African Americans with RA (CLEAR 1) and CLEAR 2. Radiographic data and CRP measurements were available in 294 individuals from CLEAR 1 [median (IQR 25-75) disease duration of 1 (0.6-1.6) year] and in 407 persons from CLEAR 2 [median (IQR 25-75) disease duration of 8.9 (3.5 – 17.7) years]. In CLEAR 1, in adjusted models, the minor allele of rs2808630 was associated with total radiographic score [incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.37 (95% CI 0.19-0.74), p value =0.0051]. In CLEAR 2, the minor allele of rs3093062 was associated with increased plasma CRP levels (p value =0.002). For each rs3093062 minor allele, the plasma CRP increased by 1.51 (95% CI 1.15-1.95) mg/dL when all the other covariates remained constant. These findings have important implications for assessment of the risk of joint damage in African Americans with RA.
Some Cosmological Consequences of Weyl Invariance
Creators: name: Álvarez, Enrique
name: González-Martin, Sergio
name: Herrero-Valea, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine some Weyl invariant cosmological models in the framework of generalized dilaton gravity, in which the action is made of a set of $N$ conformally coupled scalar fields. It will be shown that when the FRW ansatz for the spacetime metric is assumed, the Ward identity for conformal invariance guarantees that the gravitational equations hold whenever the scalar fields EM do so. It follows that any scale factor can solve the theory provided a non-trivial profile for a dilaton field. In particular, accelerated expansion is a natural solution to the full set of equations.
description: 8 pages, explanation extended, a particular example has been added. This version matches the one to be published in JCAP
Deletion of the 5-HT 3A -receptor subunit blunts the induction of cocaine sensitization
Creators: name: Hodge, C. W.
name: Bratt, A. M.
name: Kelley, S. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Serotonin (5-HT) receptors are classified into seven groups (5-HT1–7), comprising at least 14 structurally and pharmacologically distinct receptor subtypes. Pharma-cological antagonism of ionotropic 5-HT3 receptors has been shown to modulate both behavioral and neuro-chemical aspects of the induction of sensitization to cocaine. It is not known, however, if specific molecular subunits of the 5-HT3 receptor influence the development of cocaine sensitization. To address this question, we studied the effects of acute and chronic intermittent cocaine administration in mice with a targeted deletion of the gene for the 5-HT3A-receptor subunit (5-HT3A −/−). 5-HT3A (−/−) mice showed blunted induction of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization as compared with wild-type littermate controls. 5-HT3A (−/−) mice did not differ from wild-type littermate controls on measures of basal motor activity or response to acute cocaine treatment. Enhanced locomotor response to saline injection following cocaine sensitization was observed equally in 5-HT3A (−/−) and wild-type mice suggesting similar conditioned effects associated with chronic cocaine treatment. These data show a role for the 5-HT3A-receptor subunit in the induction of behavioral sensitization to cocaine and suggest that the 5-HT3A molecular subunit modulates neurobehavioral adaptations to cocaine, which may underlie aspects of addiction.
Increased response to morphine in mice lacking protein kinase C epsilon
Creators: name: Paredes, J. P.
name: McGeehan, A. J.
name: Roberts, A. J.
name: Hodge, C. W.
name: Kim, J. A.
name: Wallace, M. J.
name: Messing, R. O.
name: Chu, K.
name: Newton, P. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine–threonine kinases has been implicated in behavioral responses to opiates, but little is known about the individual PKC isozymes involved. Here, we show that mice lacking PKCε have increased sensitivity to the rewarding effects of morphine, revealed as the expression of place preference and intravenous self-administration at very low doses of morphine that do not evoke place preference or self-administration in wild-type mice. The PKCε null mice also show prolonged maintenance of morphine place preference in response to repeated testing when compared with wild-type mice. The supraspinal analgesic effects of morphine are enhanced in PKCε null mice, and the development of tolerance to the spinal analgesic effects of morphine is delayed. The density of μ-opioid receptors and their coupling to G-proteins are normal. These studies identify PKCε as a key regulator of opiate sensitivity in mice.
title: Towards Sustainable Market Strategies - A Case Study on Eco-textiles and Green Power (No. 130)
Creators: name: Lorek, S.
name: Lucas, R.
Publisher: name: FH Münster - University of Applied Sciences
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke

description: This study focuses on the economic, market-related context of consumption patterns and incorporates the regulatory settings and values. The aim is to systemise the influences on sustainable consumption patterns. Special attention is drawn to the question how existing niche markets could be extended to mass markets. This question is deepened by case studies on the green textile and the green power markets. The results emphasise the different key factors which influence the successful pathways for an extended green market volume. Looking at the case of the green power market it can be seen how important it is to create an economic and institutional context for adoption. Looking at the case of green textiles the importance of new lifestyles and cultural impacts are obvious. Looking at the interfaces between institutional settings, supply structure, societal values and consumers' decision-making, it can be seen that consumers' demands are not only a product of individual needs. Therefore sustainable consumption strategies will have to face not only the change of needs, but also the change of structures which influence individual choices.
description: Diese Studie konzentriert sich auf den ökonomischen, marktbezogenen Kontext nachhaltiger Konsummuster unter Berücksichtigung von staatlicher Regulierung und gesellschaftlichen Werten. Eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird der Frage gewidmet, wie bestehende Nischenmärkte erweitert werden können. Am Beispiel der Märkte für umweltfreundliche Textilien und umweltfreundliche Energie werden vertiefend die Erfolgsbedingungen für eine Markterweiterung untersucht. Als ein wichtiges Ergebnis kann festgehalten werden, dass unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren für den Erfolg in den untersuchten Märkten verantwortlich sind. Das Wachstum der umweltfreundlichen Energiebereitstellung kann vor allem mit den veränderten Rahmenbedingungen erklärt werden, während das Marktsegment umweltfreundlicher Textilien vor allem durch Lebensstile und kulturelle Einflüsse geprägt wird. Betrachtet man die Schnittstellen zwischen institutionellem Rahmen, Angebotsstrukturen, gesellschaftlichem Wertewandel und den Entscheidungen der Konsumenten systematisch, so wird deutlich, dass Konsumentscheidungen nicht nur auf individuellen Bedürfnissen beruhen. Von daher ist es für eine Strategie des nachhaltigen Konsums wichtig, nicht nur auf die Veränderung von Bedürfnissen zu zielen, sondern auch die Strukturen zu verändern, die individuelle Entscheidungen beeinflussen.
A major QTL on chromosome 11 influences psychostimulant and opioid sensitivity in mice
Creators: name: Palmer, A. A.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Chang, H. P.
name: Wiltshire, T.
name: Tarantino, L. M.
name: Bryant, C. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The identification of genes influencing sensitivity to stimulants and opioids is important for determining their mechanism of action and may provide fundamental insights into the genetics of drug abuse. We used a panel of C57BL/6J (B6; recipient) x A/J (donor) chromosome substitution strains (CSS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for both open field activity and sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant response to methamphetamine (MA). Mice were injected with saline (days 1 and 2) and MA (day 3; 2 mg/kg, i.p.). We analyzed the total distance traveled in the open field for thirty minutes following each injection. CSS-8, -11, and -16 showed reduced MA-induced locomotor activity relative to B6 whereas CSS-10 and -12 showed increased MA-induced locomotor activity. Further analysis focused on CSS-11 because it was robustly different from B6 following MA-injection but did not differ in activity following saline injection and because it also showed reduced locomotor activity in response to the mu-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.). Thus, CSS-11 captures a QTL for the response to both psychostimulants and opioids. Using a B6 x CSS-11 F2 intercross, we identified a dominant QTL for the MA response on chromosome 11. We used haplotype association mapping of cis expression QTLs and bioinformatic resources to parse among genes within the 95% confidence interval of the chromosome 11 QTL. Identification of the genes underlying QTLs for psychostimulants and opioid response may provide insights about genetic factors that modulate sensitivity to drugs of abuse.
Deletion of agouti-related protein blunts ethanol self-administration and binge-like drinking in mice
Creators: name: Cubero, I.
name: Thiele, T. E.
name: Navarro, M.
name: Ko, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The melanocortin (MC) system is composed of peptides that are cleaved from the polypeptide precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Recent pharmacological and genetic evidence suggests that MC receptor (MCR) signaling modulates neurobiological responses to ethanol and ethanol intake. Agouti-related protein (AgRP) is synthesized by neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and is a natural antagonist of MCRs. Because central administration of the functionally active AgRP fragment AgRP-(83–132) increases ethanol intake by C57BL/6J mice, we determined if mutant mice lacking normal production of AgRP (AgRP−/−) and maintained on a C57BL/6J genetic background would show reduced self-administration of ethanol relative to littermate wild-type (AgRP+/+) mice. AgRP−/− mice showed reduced 8% (v/v) ethanol-reinforced lever-pressing behavior relative to AgRP+/+ mice in daily 2-hour sessions, but normal sucrose-, saccharin-, and water-reinforced lever-pressing. Similarly, AgRP−/− mice showed reduced consumption of 8% ethanol in a 2-bottle limited access test (2-hours/day), although this effect was largely sex-dependent. Using drinking-in-the-dark (DID) procedures, AgRP−/− mice showed blunted binge-like drinking of 20% (v/v) ethanol which was associated with lower blood ethanol levels (85 mg/dL) relative to AgRP+/+ mice (133 mg/dL) after 4-hours of intake. AgRP−/− mice showed normal ethanol metabolism and did not show altered sensitivity to the sedative effects of ethanol. These observations with genetically altered mice are consistent with previous pharmacological data and suggest that endogenous AgRP signaling modulates the reinforcing properties of ethanol and binge-like ethanol drinking.
Social approach in genetically engineered mouse lines relevant to autism
Creators: name: Grossman, A. W.
name: Young, N. B.
name: Nadler, J. J.
name: Lauder, J. M.
name: Nonneman, R. J.
name: D’Ercole, A. J.
name: Crawley, J. N.
name: Magnuson, T. R.
name: Murphy, D. L.
name: Moy, S. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Profound impairment in social interaction is a core symptom of autism, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Deficits can include a lack of interest in social contact and low levels of approach and proximity to other children. In this study, a three-chambered choice task was used to evaluate sociability and social novelty preference in five lines of mice with mutations in genes implicated in autism spectrum disorders. Fmr1tm1Cgr/Y (Fmr1−/y) mice represent a model for fragile X, a mental retardation syndrome that is partially co-morbid with autism. We tested Fmr1−/y mice on two genetic backgrounds, C57BL/6J and FVB/N-129/OlaHsd (FVB/129). Targeted disruption of Fmr1 resulted in low sociability on one measure, but only when the mutation was expressed on FVB/129. Autism has been associated with altered serotonin levels and polymorphisms in SLC6A4 (SERT), the serotonin-transporter gene. Male mice with targeted disruption of Slc6a4 displayed significantly less sociability than wildtype controls. Mice with conditional overexpression of Igf-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1) offered a model for brain overgrowth associated with autism. Igf-1 transgenic mice engaged in levels of social approach similar to wildtype controls. Targeted disruption in other genes of interest, En2 (Engrailed 2) and Dhcr7, was carried on genetic backgrounds that demonstrated low levels of exploration in the choice task, precluding meaningful interpretations of social behavior scores. Overall, results show that loss of Fmr1 or Slc6a4 gene function can lead to deficits in sociability. Findings from the fragile X-model suggest that the FVB/129 background confers enhanced susceptibility to consequences of Fmr1 mutation on social approach.
Comt1 genotype and expression predicts anxiety and nociceptive sensitivity in inbred strains of mice
Creators: name: Slade, G.
name: Wiltshire, T.
name: Steffy, B. M.
name: Lu, X.
name: Nackley, A. G.
name: Marron, J. S.
name: Lariviere, W. R.
name: Tarantino, L. M.
name: Walker, J. R.
name: Diatchenko, L.
name: Gauthier, J.
name: Bailey, J. S.
name: Segall, S. K.
name: Grabowski-Boase, L.
name: Maynard, T. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an ubiquitously expressed enzyme that maintains basic biologic functions by inactivating catechol substrates. In humans, polymorphic variance at the COMT locus has been associated with modulation of pain sensitivity (Andersen & Skorpen, 2009) and risk for developing psychiatric disorders (Harrison & Tunbridge, 2008). A functional haplotype associated with increased pain sensitivity was shown to result in decreased COMT activity by altering mRNA secondary structure-dependent protein translation (Nackley et al., 2006). However, the exact mechanisms whereby COMT modulates pain sensitivity and behavior remain unclear and can be further studied in animal models. We have assessed Comt1 gene expression levels in multiple brain regions in inbred strains of mice and have discovered that Comt1 is differentially expressed among the strains, and this differential expression is cis-regulated. A B2 Short Interspersed Element (SINE) was inserted in the 3′UTR of Comt1 in 14 strains generating a common haplotype that correlates with gene expression. Experiments using mammalian expression vectors of full-length cDNA clones with and without the SINE element demonstrate that strains with the SINE haplotype (+SINE) have greater Comt1 enzymatic activity. +SINE mice also exhibit behavioral differences in anxiety assays and decreased pain sensitivity. These results suggest that a haplotype, defined by a 3′ UTR B2 SINE element, regulates Comt1 expression and some mouse behaviors.
The miR-17-92 cluster and its target THBS1 are differentially expressed in angiosarcomas dependent on MYC amplification
Creators: name: Khanin, Raya
name: Mihailovic, Aleksandra
name: Italiano, Antoine
name: Antonescu, Cristina R.
name: Hafner, Markus
name: Maki, Robert G.
name: Singer, Samuel
name: Tuschl, Tom
name: Breen, Matthew
name: Thomas, Rachael
name: Crago, Aimee M.
name: Zhang, Lei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Angiosarcomas (ASs) represent a heterogeneous group of malignant vascular tumors that may occur spontaneously as primary tumors or secondarily after radiation therapy or in the context of chronic lymphedema. Most secondary ASs have been associated with MYC oncogene amplification, whereas the role of MYC abnormalities in primary AS is not well defined. Twenty-two primary and secondary ASs were analyzed by array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and by deep sequencing of small RNA libraries. By aCGH and subsequently confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, MYC amplification was identified in three out of six primary tumors and in 8 out of 12 secondary AS. We have also found MAML1 as a new potential oncogene in MYC-amplified AS. Significant upregulation of the miR-17-92 cluster was observed in MYC-amplified AS compared to AS lacking MYC amplification and the control group (other vascular tumors, nonvascular sarcomas). Moreover, MYC-amplified ASs were associated with a significantly lower expression of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) than AS without MYC amplification or controls. Altogether, our study implicates MYC amplification not only in the pathogenesis of secondary AS but also in a subset of primary AS. Thus, MYC amplification may play a crucial role in the angiogenic phenotype of AS through upregulation of the miR-17-92 cluster, which subsequently downregulates THBS1, a potent endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.