cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Counting Small Induced Subgraphs with Hereditary Properties
Creators: name: Focke, Jacob
name: Roth, Marc
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We study the computational complexity of the problem #IndSub(\Phi) of counting k-vertex induced subgraphs of a graph G that satisfy a graph property \Phi. Our main result establishes an exhaustive and explicit classification for all hereditary properties, including tight conditional lower bounds under the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH): - If a hereditary property \Phi is true for all graphs, or if it is true only for finitely many graphs, then #IndSub(\Phi) is solvable in polynomial time. - Otherwise, #IndSub(\Phi) is #W[1]-complete when parameterised by k, and, assuming ETH, it cannot be solved in time f(k)*|G|^{o(k)} for any function f. This classification features a wide range of properties for which the corresponding detection problem (as classified by Khot and Raman [TCS 02]) is tractable but counting is hard. Moreover, even for properties which are already intractable in their decision version, our results yield significantly stronger lower bounds for the counting problem. As additional result, we also present an exhaustive and explicit parameterised complexity classification for all properties that are invariant under homomorphic equivalence. By covering one of the most natural and general notions of closure, namely, closure under vertex-deletion (hereditary), we generalise some of the earlier results on this problem. For instance, our results fully subsume and strengthen the existing classification of #IndSub(\Phi) for monotone (subgraph-closed) properties due to Roth, Schmitt, and Wellnitz [FOCS 20].
Heterocyst placement strategies to maximize growth of cyanobacterial filaments
Creators: name: Brown, Aidan I.
name: Rutenberg, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Under conditions of limited fixed-nitrogen, some filamentous cyanobacteria develop a regular pattern of heterocyst cells that fix nitrogen for the remaining vegetative cells. We examine three different heterocyst placement strategies by quantitatively modelling filament growth while varying both external fixed-nitrogen and leakage from the filament. We find that there is an optimum heterocyst frequency which maximizes the growth rate of the filament; the optimum frequency decreases as the external fixed-nitrogen concentration increases but increases as the leakage increases. In the presence of leakage, filaments implementing a local heterocyst placement strategy grow significantly faster than filaments implementing random heterocyst placement strategies. With no extracellular fixed-nitrogen, consistent with recent experimental studies of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, the modelled heterocyst spacing distribution using our local heterocyst placement strategy is qualitatively similar to experimentally observed patterns. As external fixed-nitrogen is increased, the spacing distribution for our local placement strategy retains the same shape while the average spacing between heterocysts continuously increases.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Physical Biology. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available online
Replication: Stories as Informal Lessons about Security
Creators: name: Pfeffer, Katharina
name: Mai, Alexandra
name: Weippl, Edgar
name: Rader, Emilee
name: Krombholz, Katharina
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Anecdotal stories about security threats told to non-experts by friends, peers, or the media have been shown to be im- portant in forming mental models and secure behaviors. In 2012, Rader et al. conducted a survey (n=301) of security stories with a student sample to determine factors that influence security perceptions and behavior. We replicated this survey with a more diverse sample (n=299), including different age groups and educational backgrounds. We were able to confirm many of the original findings, providing further evidence that certain characteristics of stories increase the likelihood of learning and retelling. Moreover, we contribute new insights into how people learn from stories, such as that younger and higher educated people are less likely to change their thinking or be emotionally influenced by stories. We (re)discovered all of the threat themes found by Rader et al., suggesting that these threats have not been eliminated in the last decade, and found new ones such as ransomware and data breaches. Our findings help to improve the design of security advise and education for non-experts.
Search for Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from searches for neutral Higgs bosons produced in p-pbar collisions recorded by the Dzero experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We study the production of inclusive neutral Higgs boson in the tautau final state and in association with a b quark in the btautau and bbb final states. These results are combined to improve the sensitivity to the production of neutral Higgs bosons in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The data are found to be consistent with expectation from background processes. Upper limits on MSSM Higgs boson production are set for Higgs boson masses ranging from 90 to 300 GeV. We exclude tanBeta>20-30 for Higgs boson masses below 180 GeV. These are the most stringent constraints on MSSM Higgs boson production in p-pbar collisions.
description: Submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Additional file 3 of The change and correlates of healthy ageing among Chinese older adults: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Creators: name: Nie, Peng
name: Li, Yan
name: Zhang, Nan
name: Sun, Xiaomin
name: Xin, Bao
name: Wang, Youfa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3: Table A3. OLS/logistic/RE estimates for sociodemographic determinants of CHAI score and the prevalence of ideal CHAI: CHARLS 2011 and 2015 (balanced panel, n = 3882). CHARLS = China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. CHAI=Chinese Healthy Ageing Index. OLS = ordinary least squares. RE = random effects. * p ≤ 0.1, ** p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.01.
Modeling of controlled-shear affinity filtration using computational fluid dynamics and a novel zonal rate model for membrane chromatography
Creators: name: Francis, Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Controlled-shear affinity filtration (CSAF) is a novel integrated bioprocessing technology that positions a rotor directly above an affinity membrane chromatography column to permit protein capture and purification directly from cell culture. The rotor provides a tunable shear stress at the membrane surface that inhibits membrane fouling and cell cake formation allowing for a uniform filtrate flux that maximizes membrane column performance. However, the fundamental hydrodynamics and mass transfer kinetics within the CSAF device are poorly understood and, as a result, the industrial applicability of the technology is limited. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is developed that describes the rotor chamber hydrodynamics of the CSAF device. Once evaluated the model is used to show that a rotor of fixed angle does not provide uniform shear stress at the membrane surface. This results in the need to operate the system at unnecessarily high rotor speeds to reach a required shear stress threshold across the membrane surface, compromising the scale-up of the technology. The CFD model is then used to model design improvements that result in an in silico design of a preparative CSAF device capable of processing industrial feedstocks. To describe mass transfer in stacked-membrane chromatography a novel zonal rate model (ZRM) is presented that improves on existing hold-up volume models. The ZRM radially partitions the membrane stack and external hold-up volumes to better capture non-uniform flow distribution effects. Global fitting of model parameters is first used under non-retention conditions to build and evaluate the appropriate form of the ZRM. Through its careful accounting of transport non-idealities within and external to the membrane stack, the ZRM is then shown to provide, under protein retention conditions, a useful framework for characterizing putative protein binding models, for predicting breakthrough curves and complex elution behavior, and for simulating and scaling separations using membrane chromatography. By elucidating the intrinsic physical processes ongoing in CSAF the mathematical models presented in this thesis represent essential theoretical tools for the further development of the technology; a technology which has the potential to increase productivity and decrease costs in the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF RINGWORM CATTLE
Creators: name: Serdyuchenko, I.
name: Amelchakov, G.
name: Vasiliev, V.
name: Getman, A.
name: Tyutyunik, A.
Publisher: name: The Scientific Heritage
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cattle
ringworm
epizootology of disease
clinical signs
diagnosis
pathogen.

description: The article is devoted to the study of epizootological features, diagnostic methods and therapeutic measures against ringworm in cattle on the example of dairy farm "Fairy" Krasnodar region, as well as the development of treatment regimens against ringworm and comparison of its economic efficiency with the treatment scheme used on the farm. At the same time, it was established that the diagnosis of the disease must necessarily be confirmed by laboratory and for the elimination of ringworm, it is advisable to use a treatment scheme that includes such drugs as: the vaccine LTF-130; Yugor-2; imaverol; cathozal; castor oil.
Extended Generalised Pareto Models for Tail Estimation
Creators: name: Papastathopoulos, Ioannis
name: Tawn, Jonathan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The most popular approach in extreme value statistics is the modelling of threshold exceedances using the asymptotically motivated generalised Pareto distribution. This approach involves the selection of a high threshold above which the model fits the data well. Sometimes, few observations of a measurement process might be recorded in applications and so selecting a high quantile of the sample as the threshold leads to almost no exceedances. In this paper we propose extensions of the generalised Pareto distribution that incorporate an additional shape parameter while keeping the tail behaviour unaffected. The inclusion of this parameter offers additional structure for the main body of the distribution, improves the stability of the modified scale, tail index and return level estimates to threshold choice and allows a lower threshold to be selected. We illustrate the benefits of the proposed models with a simulation study and two case studies.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Taraxacum pseudofontanum Soest
Creators: name: Uhlemann, Ingo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Taraxacum
Taraxacum pseudofontanum

description: Taraxacum pseudofontanum Soest,
Acta Bot. Neerl. 8 (2): 94 (1959) –
Abb. 9 A.
 Syn. T. insubricum Soest, Webbia 21: 625 (1966a), syn. novum. – Abb. 9 B.
 Österreich, Kärnten: Tauerntal, Geiselkopf, 1870–2000 m s.m., 1.8. 1957, leg. Soest (Hb. L 0 0 65661, 0 0 65662, 0 0 65670, 0 0 65671, 0 0 65672, 0 0 65673, 0 0 65707, 0 0 65709, 0065710); – ibid. 18.7.1957, leg. van Soest (Hb. L 0 0 65679, 0 0 65683, 0 0 65684, 0 0 65685, 0 0 65706, 0065708).
 Italien, Südtirol: Obervinschgau, Martelltal, 2350 m s.m., 21. 7.1956, leg. Soest (Hb. L 0065666). — Ötztaler Alpen, Pfossental (Seitental des Schnalstals), 2100–2200 m s.m., 18.7.1956, leg. Soest (Hb. L 0065681) = locus classicus für den Namen T. pseudofontanum; – ibid., Bachufer, ca. 2200 m s.m., 16.8. 1999, leg. Uhlemann (Hb. DR u. Uhlemann). — Ortler-Gruppe, Sulden, Rosimtal, ca. 2500 m s.m., 26.7.2008, leg. Uhlemann (Hb. Uhlemann) = locus classicus für den Namen T. insubricum.
Bei beiden als identisch erkannten Sippen handelt es sich um typische Sektionsvertreter mit großen Früchten, langen Rostra und kaum gelappten Laubblättern. Hinzu kommt das sehr seltene Merkmal fast rein gelber Griffeläste.
description: Published as part of Uhlemann, Ingo, 2011, Notizen zur Taraxacum-Flora Österreichs und Südtirols, pp. 27-53 in Neilreichia 6 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.303107
Industrial practitioners' mental models of adversarial machine learning
Creators: name: Bieringer, Lukas
name: Grosse, Kathrin
name: Backes, Michael
name: Biggio, Battista
name: Krombholz, Katharina
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Although machine learning is widely used in practice, little is known about practitioners' understanding of potential security challenges. In this work, we close this substantial gap and contribute a qualitative study focusing on developers' mental models of the machine learning pipeline and potentially vulnerable components. Similar studies have helped in other security fields to discover root causes or improve risk communication. Our study reveals two facets of practitioners' mental models of machine learning security. Firstly, practitioners often confuse machine learning security with threats and defences that are not directly related to machine learning. Secondly, in contrast to most academic research, our participants perceive security of machine learning as not solely related to individual models, but rather in the context of entire workflows that consist of multiple components. Jointly with our additional findings, these two facets provide a foundation to substantiate mental models for machine learning security and have implications for the integration of adversarial machine learning into corporate workflows, decreasing practitioners' reported uncertainty, and appropriate regulatory frameworks for machine learning security.
Improved discovery of a nearly degenerate model: MUED using MT2 at the LHC
Creators: name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Nojiri, Mihoko M.
name: Tobioka, Kohsaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the discovery potential of the Minimal Universal Extra Dimension model (MUED) and improve it utilizing the multijet + lepton mode at the LHC. Since the MUED has a nearly degenerate spectrum, most events only have soft jets and small Emiss. The signature is challenging to search. We apply MT2 for the event selection and set the invisible particle mass of MT2 (test mass) to zero. The test mass is much smaller than the invisible particle mass of MUED. In that case, MT2 of the signal can be large depending on Up-Stream Radiations (USR) which includes initial state radiations (ISR). On the other hand, MT2 of the background is mainly below the top quark mass. Hence, the signal is extracted from the background in the high MT2 region. Since we use the leading jets for MT2, there is a combinatorics effect. We found the effect also enhances the signal to background ratio for high MT2. We perform a detailed simulation with the Matrix Element correction to the QCD radiations. The discovery potential of the MUED is improved by the MT2 cut, and especially, the improvement is significant for the most degenerate parameter we consider, ΛR = 10.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of The change and correlates of healthy ageing among Chinese older adults: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Creators: name: Nie, Peng
name: Li, Yan
name: Zhang, Nan
name: Sun, Xiaomin
name: Xin, Bao
name: Wang, Youfa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table A1. CHAI by age groups.
Scalar field dark energy perturbations and the Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect
Creators: name: Jassal, H. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark energy perturbation affects the growth of matter perturbations even in scenarios with noninteracting dark energy. We investigate the Integrated Sachs Wolfe (ISW) effect in various canonical scalar field models with perturbed dark energy. We do this analysis for models belonging to the thawing and freezing classes. We show that between these classes there is no clear difference for the ISW effect. We show that on taking perturbations into account, the contribution due to different models is closer to each other and to the cosmological constant model as compared to the case of a smooth dark energy. Therefore considering dark energy to be homogeneous gives an overestimate in distinction between different models. However there are significant difference between contribution to the angular power spectrum due to different models.
description: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures. references added, changes in text, conclusions remain the same
Probing the Gluon Contribution to the Proton Spin with Charged Pion Production
Creators: name: Morreale, Astrid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: polarization
asymmetry
p+p

description: The physics goal of this work was to measure a quantity that was sensitive to the gluon polarization ∆G, detailed study for ALL measurement of final state π± proceeding from polarized proton proton collisions at √s = 200 GeV at RHIC is reported. Measurement of charged separated differential cross sections proceeding from such collisions is also presented.
GENERALLY ACCEPTED VERSION OF THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY CONTAINED IN PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS IS INCORRECT 1
Creators: name: Antonov, A.
Publisher: name: The Scientific Heritage
Year: 2021
Subjects: imaginary numbers
Ohm’s law
resonance
transient processes
special theory of relativity.

description: The It is shown that the entire practice of using Ohm’s law in the theory of linear AC circuits is a theoretical and experimental evidence of physical reality of imaginary numbers. And therefore, the version of the special theory of relativity (SRT) set forth in all physics textbooks, denying physical reality of imaginary numbers through the use of the principle of light speed non-exceedance, is incorrect.
Manipulation of single electron spin in a GaAs quantum dot through the application of geometric phases: The Feynman disentangling technique
Creators: name: Prabhakar, Sanjay
name: Raynolds, James
name: Inomata, Akira
name: Melnik, Roderick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin of a single electron in an electrically defined quantum dot in a 2DEG can be manipulated by moving the quantum dot adiabatically in a closed loop in the 2D plane under the influence of applied gate potentials. In this paper we present analytical expressions and numerical simulations for the spin-flip probabilities during the adiabatic evolution in the presence of the Rashba and Dresselhaus linear spin-orbit interactions. We use the Feynman disentanglement technique to determine the non-Abelian Berry phase and we find exact analytical expressions for three special cases: (i) the pure Rashba spin-orbit coupling, (ii) the pure Dresselhause linear spin-orbit coupling, and (iii) the mixture of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings with equal strength. For a mixture of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings with unequal strengths, we obtain simulation results by solving numerically the Riccati equation originating from the disentangling procedure. We find that the spin-flip probability in the presence of the mixed spin-orbit couplings is generally larger than those for the pure Rashba case and for the pure Dresselhaus case, and that the complete spin-flip takes place only when the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings are mixed symmetrically.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
METHOD OF TREATMENT WITH TITANIUM NICKELIDE DILATOR TO IMPROVE DRAINAGE OF SURGICAL WOUNDS IN CASES OF MANDIBULAR FRACTURES WITH INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Vitkovskyi, O.
Publisher: name: The Scientific Heritage
Year: 2021
Subjects: titanium nickelide dilatators
mandibular bone
fracture
drainage
abscess.

description: The paper offers data on treatment characteristics for mandibular bone fractures with purulent and inflammatory complications. New and up-to-date treatment methods have been explored. A comparative analysis of dynamic indicators of the efficacy of the traditional treatment of purulent and inflammatory processes and the treatment that uses titanium nickelide dilatators has been performed. Clinical efficacy of titanium nickelide dilatators has been proved demonstrating its supremacy in surgery wound drainage over the traditional drainage procedure.
If You Can't Get Them to the Lab: Evaluating a Virtual Study Environment with Security Information Workers
Creators: name: Huaman, Nicolas
name: Krause, Alexander
name: Dominik.Wermke
name: Klemmer, Jan H.
name: Stransky, Christian
name: Acar, Yasemin
name: Fahl, Sascha
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Usable security and privacy researchers use many study methodologies, including interviews, surveys, and laboratory studies. Of those, lab studies allow for particularly flexible setups, including programming experiments or usability evaluations of software. However, lab studies also come with challenges: Often, it is particularly challenging to recruit enough skilled participants for in-person studies. Especially researchers studying security information workers reported on similar recruitment challenges in the past. Additionally, situations like the COVID-19 pandemic can make in-person lab studies even more challenging. Finally, institutions with limited resources may not be able to conduct lab studies. Therefore, we present and evaluate a novel virtual study environment prototype, called OLab, that allows researchers to conduct lab-like studies remotely using a commodity browser. Our environment overcomes lab-like study challenges and supports flexible setups and comprehensive data collection. In an iterative engineering process, we design and implement a prototype based on requirements we identified in previous work and conduct a comprehensive evaluation including a cognitive walkthrough with usable security experts, a guided and supervised online study with DevOps, and an unguided and unsupervised online study with computer science students. We can confirm that our prototype supports a wide variety of lab-like study setups and received positive feedback from all study participants.
Browser-based CPU Fingerprinting
Creators: name: Trampert, Leon
name: Rossow, Christian
name: Schwarz, Michael
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Mounting microarchitectural attacks, such as Spectre or Rowhammer, is possible from browsers. However, to be realistically exploitable, they require precise knowledge about microarchitectural properties. While a native attacker can easily query many of these properties, the sandboxed environment in browsers prevents this. In this paper, we present eight side-channel-related benchmarks that reveal CPU properties, such as cache sizes or cache associativities. Our benchmarks are implemented in JavaScript and run in unmodified browsers on multiple platforms. Based on a study with 834 participants using 297 different CPU models, we show that we can infer microarchitectural properties with an accuracy of up to 100%. Combining multiple properties also allows identifying the CPU vendor with an accuracy of 97.5%, and the microarchitecture and CPU model each with an accuracy of above 60%. The benchmarks are unaffected by current side-channel and browser fingerprinting mitigations, and can thus be used for more targeted attacks and to increase the entropy in browser fingerprinting.
Outward migration of a super-Earth in a disc with outward propagating density waves excited by a giant planet
Creators: name: Podlewska-Gaca, E.
name: Papaloizou, J. C. B.
name: Szuszkiewicz, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider a new mechanism for stopping the inward migration of a low-mass planet embedded in a gaseous protoplanetary disc. It operates when a low-mass planet (for example a super-Earth), encounters outgoing density waves excited by another source in the disc. This source could be a gas giant in an orbit interior to that of the low-mass planet. As the super-Earth passes through the wave field, angular momentum is transferred to the disc material and then communicated to the planet through coorbital dynamics, with the consequence that its inward migration can be halted or even reversed. We illustrate how the mechanism we consider works in a variety of different physical conditions employing global two-dimensional hydrodynamical calculations. We confirm our results by performing local shearing box simulations in which the super-Earth interacts with density waves excited by an independent harmonically varying potential. Finally, we discuss the constraints arising from the process considered here, on formation scenarios for systems containing a giant planet and lower mass planet in an outer orbit with a 2:1 commensurability such as GJ876.
description: 24 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nickel Immobilization in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil with Application of Organic Amendments and Their Derived Biochars
Creators: name: Boostani, Hamid Reza
name: Najafi-Ghiri, Mahdi
name: Hardie, Ailsa G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Nickel (Ni) contamination of soils is an ever-increasing problem due to use of poor quality irrigation water and other industrial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of two common organic soil amendments (vermicompost and sheep manure) and their derived biochars produced at two temperatures (300°C and 500°C) on Ni immobilization in a Ni-contaminated calcareous soil. Immobilization of Ni was evaluated using a sequential extraction procedure and desorption kinetic models. The results of this study showed that the application of biochars produced from vermicompost and sheep manure at 5% (w/w) significantly enhanced the stabilization of Ni in the calcareous soil, while the application of unpyrolyzed organic amendments did not. The application of the biochars significantly enhanced Ni occurring in the residual mineral fractions (3–6% increase) and decreased the DPTA-extractable Ni released over 24 h (1–11% decrease) compared to the control. However, the application unpyrolyzed organic amendments significantly enhanced DPTA-extractable Ni released (16–21% increase) compared to the control, likely due to significant enhancement of Ni in the soil organic matter fraction (33–75% increase). The biochars produced at 500°C were significantly more effective in enhancing Ni stabilization than those produced at 300°C, likely due to their higher ash and calcium carbonate content and lower organic matter content, which promotes Ni sorption and precipitation.
Additional file 2 of The change and correlates of healthy ageing among Chinese older adults: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Creators: name: Nie, Peng
name: Li, Yan
name: Zhang, Nan
name: Sun, Xiaomin
name: Xin, Bao
name: Wang, Youfa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Table A2. OLS/logistic/RE estimates for sociodemographic determinants of CHAI score and the prevalence of ideal CHAI: CHARLS 2011 and 2015 (unbalanced panel with household expenditure as an additional covariate, n = 6141). CHARLS = China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. CHAI=Chinese Healthy Ageing Index. OLS = ordinary least squares. RE = random effects. * p ≤ 0.1, ** p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.01.
Reusable Services from the neuGRID Project for Grid-Based Health Applications
Creators: name: Anjum, Ashiq
name: Bloodsworth, Peter
name: Habib, Irfan
name: Lansdale, Tom
name: McClatchey, Richard
name: Mehmood, Yasir
name: Consortium, the neuGRID
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: By abstracting Grid middleware specific considerations from clinical research applications, re-usable services should be developed that will provide generic functionality aimed specifically at medical applications. In the scope of the neuGRID project, generic services are being designed and developed which will be applied to satisfy the requirements of neuroscientists. These services will bring together sources of data and computing elements into a single view as far as applications are concerned, making it possible to cope with centralised, distributed or hybrid data and provide native support for common medical file formats. Services will include querying, provenance, portal, anonymization and pipeline services together with a 'glueing' service for connection to Grid services. Thus lower-level services will hide the peculiarities of any specific Grid technology from upper layers, provide application independence and will enable the selection of 'fit-for-purpose' infrastructures. This paper outlines the design strategy being followed in neuGRID using the glueing and pipeline services as examples.
description: 6 pages; 3 figures.Proceedings the 7th HealthGrid Int. Conference (HG'09). Berlin, Germany. June 2009
Proton spin in a light-cone chiral quark model
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyu
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the spin structure of the proton in a light-cone treatment of the chiral quark model. Based on the fact that the quark helicity ($Δq$) measured in polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments is actually the quark spin defined in the light-cone formalism, rather than the quark spin ($Δq_{QM}$) defined in the conventionally quark model (or in the rest frame of the nucleon), we calculate the $x$-dependence of the polarized quark distribution functions $Δq(x)$, and the polarized structure functions $g_1 (x)$. Special attention is focused on the Melosh-Wigner rotation due to the transversal motions of quarks inside the nucleon and its effects on the bare quark input. It is shown that our results match the experimental data well.
description: 11 latex pages, 8 figures, final version published in PRD
Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses
Creators: name: Remer, Viktoria
name: Bozlak, Elif
name: Felkel, Sabine
name: Radovic, Lara
name: Rigler, Doris
name: Grilz-Seger, Gertrud
name: Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Monika
name: Bugno-Poniewierska, Monika
name: Brooks, Samantha
name: Miller, Donald C.
name: Antczak, Douglas F.
name: Sadeghi, Raheleh
name: Cothran, Gus
name: Juras, Rytis
name: Khanshour, Anas M.
name: Rieder, Stefan
name: Penedo, Maria C.
name: Waiditschka, Gudrun
name: Kalinkova, Liliya
name: Kalashnikov, Valery V.
name: Zaitsev, Alexander M.
name: Almarzook, Saria
name: Reißmann, Monika
name: Brockmann, Gudrun A
name: Brem, Gottfried
name: Wallner, Barbara
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: horse breeding
subject: foundation sire
subject: Y chromosome
subject: paternal lineage tracing
subject: haplotype
subject: Arabian horse
subject: pedigree
subject: male genealogy
subject: genotyping
subject: 570 Biologie

description: The Y chromosome is a valuable genetic marker for studying the origin and influence of paternal lineages in populations. In this study, we conducted Y-chromosomal lineage-tracing in Arabian horses. First, we resolved a Y haplotype phylogeny based on the next generation sequencing data of 157 males from several breeds. Y-chromosomal haplotypes specific for Arabian horses were inferred by genotyping a collection of 145 males representing most Arabian sire lines that are active around the globe. These lines formed three discrete haplogroups, and the same haplogroups were detected in Arabian populations native to the Middle East. The Arabian haplotypes were clearly distinct from the ones detected in Akhal Tekes, Turkoman horses, and the progeny of two Thoroughbred foundation sires. However, a haplotype introduced into the English Thoroughbred by the stallion Byerley Turk (1680), was shared among Arabians, Turkomans, and Akhal Tekes, which opens a discussion about the historic connections between Oriental horse types. Furthermore, we genetically traced Arabian sire line breeding in the Western World over the past 200 years. This confirmed a strong selection for relatively few male lineages and uncovered incongruences to written pedigree records. Overall, we demonstrate how fine-scaled Y-analysis contributes to a better understanding of the historical development of horse breeds.
Additional file 1 of Exploiting the GTEx resources to decipher the mechanisms at GWAS loci
Creators: name: Barbeira, Alvaro N.
name: Bonazzola, Rodrigo
name: Gamazon, Eric R.
name: Liang, Yanyu
name: Park, YoSon
name: Kim-Hellmuth, Sarah
name: Wang, Gao
name: Jiang, Zhuoxun
name: Zhou, Dan
name: Hormozdiari, Farhad
name: Liu, Boxiang
name: Rao, Abhiram
name: Hamel, Andrew R.
name: Pividori, Milton D.
name: Aguet, François
name: Bastarache, Lisa
name: Jordan, Daniel M.
name: Verbanck, Marie
name: Do, Ron
name: Stephens, Matthew
name: Ardlie, Kristin
name: McCarthy, Mark
name: Montgomery, Stephen B.
name: Segrè, Ayellet V.
name: Brown, Christopher D.
name: Lappalainen, Tuuli
name: Wen, Xiaoquan
name: Im, Hae Kyung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary Materials including detailed methods, tables, and figures
ÆPIC Leak: Architecturally Leaking Uninitialized Data from the Microarchitecture
Creators: name: Borrello, Pietro
name: Kogler, Andreas
name: Schwarzl, Martin
name: Lipp, Moritz
name: Gruss, Daniel
name: Schwarz, Michael
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: CPU vulnerabilities undermine the security guarantees provided by software- and hardware-security improvements. While the discovery of transient-execution attacks increased the interest in CPU vulnerabilities on a microarchitectural level, architectural CPU vulnerabilities are still understudied. In this paper, we systematically analyze existing CPU vulnerabilities showing that CPUs suffer from vulnerabilities whose root causes match with those in complex software. We show that transient-execution attacks and architectural vulnerabilities often arise from the same type of bug and identify the blank spots. Investigating the blank spots, we focus on architecturally improperly initialized data locations. We discover ÆPIC Leak, the first architectural CPU bug that leaks stale data from the microarchitecture without using a side channel. ÆPIC Leak works on all recent SunnyCove-based Intel CPUs (i.e., Ice Lake and Alder Lake). It architecturally leaks stale data incorrectly returned by reading undefined APIC-register ranges. ÆPIC Leak samples data transferred between the L2 and last-level cache, including SGX enclave data, from the superqueue. We target data in use, e.g., register values and memory loads, as well as data at rest, e.g., SGX-enclave data pages. Our end-to-end attack extracts AES-NI, RSA, and even the Intel SGX attestation keys from enclaves within a few seconds. We discuss mitigations and conclude that the only short-term mitigations for ÆPIC Leak are to disable APIC MMIO or not rely on SGX.
An overview of metrics-based approaches to support software components reusability assessment
Creators: name: Goulão, Miguel
name: Abreu, Fernando Brito e
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.8; D.2.9

description: Objective: To present an overview on the current state of the art concerning metrics-based quality evaluation of software components and component assemblies. Method: Comparison of several approaches available in the literature, using a framework comprising several aspects, such as scope, intent, definition technique, and maturity. Results: The identification of common shortcomings of current approaches, such as ambiguity in definition, lack of adequacy of the specifying formalisms and insufficient validation of current quality models and metrics for software components. Conclusions: Quality evaluation of components and component-based infrastructures presents new challenges to the Experimental Software Engineering community.
Entropy of Quantum Black Holes
Creators: name: Kaul, Romesh K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Loop Quantum Gravity, black holes (or even more general Isolated Horizons) are described by a SU(2) Chern-Simons theory. There is an equivalent formulation of the horizon degrees of freedom in terms of a U(1) gauge theory which is just a gauged fixed version of the SU(2) theory. These developments will be surveyed here. Quantum theory based on either formulation can be used to count the horizon micro-states associated with quantum geometry fluctuations and from this the micro-canonical entropy can be obtained. We shall review the computation in SU(2) formulation. Leading term in the entropy is proportional to horizon area with a coefficient depending on the Barbero-Immirzi parameter which is fixed by matching this result with the Bekenstein-Hawking formula. Remarkably there are corrections beyond the area term, the leading one is logarithm of the horizon area with a definite coefficient -3/2, a result which is more than a decade old now. How the same results are obtained in the equivalent U(1) framework will also be indicated. Over years, this entropy formula has also been arrived at from a variety of other perspectives. In particular, entropy of BTZ black holes in three dimensional gravity exhibits the same logarithmic correction. Even in the String Theory, many black hole models are known to possess such properties. This suggests a possible universal nature of this logarithmic correction.
Branch Different - Spectre Attacks on Apple Silicon
Creators: name: Hetterich, Lorenz
name: Schwarz, Michael
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Since the disclosure of Spectre, extensive research has been conducted on both new attacks, attack variants, and mitigations. However, most research focuses on x86 CPUs, with only very few insights on ARM CPUs, despite their huge market share. In this paper, we focus on the ARMv8-based Apple CPUs and demonstrate a reliable Spectre attack. For this, we solve several challenges specific to Apple CPUs and their operating system. We systematically evaluate alternative high-resolution timing primitives, as timers used for microarchitectural attacks on other ARM CPUs are unavailable. As cache-maintenance instructions are ineffective, we demonstrate a reliable eviction-set generation from an unprivileged application. Based on these building blocks, we demonstrate a fast Evict+Reload cross-core covert channel, and a Spectre-PHT attack leaking more than 1500 B/s on an iPhone. Without mitigations for all Spectre variants and the rising market share of ARM CPUs, we stress that more research on ARM CPUs is required.
A METHODOLOGY TO COUNTERACT COVID-19: PSYCHOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOR AND ACTIVITY IN AN EXTREME SITUATION
Creators: name: Grynyuk, S.
name: Zaytseva, I.
Publisher: name: The Scientific Heritage
Year: 2021
Subjects: pandemic
COVID-19
higher education
psychological well-being
self-acceptance
self-attitude

description: In the following paper the authors have investigated the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on students’ psychological well-being and their self-attitude during distance learning. They have focused on the analysis of the concepts: “psychological well-being” and “self-attitude”. The authors have summed up a methodology to counteract COVID-19 for students – the recommendations on improving the level of students’ psychological well-being and readiness during the period of distance learning in an extreme situation
A shared frequency set between the historical mid-latitude aurora records and the global surface temperature
Creators: name: Scafetta, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein we show that the historical records of mid-latitude auroras from 1700 to 1966 present oscillations with periods of about 9, 10-11, 20-21, 30 and 60 years. The same frequencies are found in proxy and instrumental global surface temperature records since 1650 and 1850, respectively and in several planetary and solar records. Thus, the aurora records reveal a physical link between climate change and astronomical oscillations. Likely, there exists a modulation of the cosmic ray flux reaching the Earth and/or of the electric properties of the ionosphere. The latter, in turn, have the potentiality of modulating the global cloud cover that ultimately drives the climate oscillations through albedo oscillations. In particular, a quasi 60-year large cycle is quite evident since 1650 in all climate and astronomical records herein studied, which also include an historical record of meteorite fall in China from 619 to 1943. These findings support the thesis that climate oscillations have an astronomical origin. We show that a harmonic constituent model based on the major astronomical frequencies revealed in the aurora records is able to forecast with a reasonable accuracy the decadal and multidecadal temperature oscillations from 1950 to 2010 using the temperature data before 1950, and vice versa. The existence of a natural 60-year modulation of the global surface temperature induced by astronomical mechanisms, by alone, would imply that at least 60-70% of the warming observed since 1970 has been naturally induced. Moreover, the climate may stay approximately stable during the next decades because the 60-year cycle has entered in its cooling phase.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Expansion dynamics of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state
Creators: name: Kajala, J.
name: Massel, F.
name: Torma, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-component Fermi gas in the presence of spin imbalance, modeling the system in terms of a one-dimensional attractive Hubbard Hamiltonian initially in the presence of a confining trap potential. With the aid of the time-evolving block decimation method, we investigate the dynamics of the initial state when the trap is switched off. We show that the dynamics of a gas initially in the Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state is decomposed into the independent expansion of two fluids, namely the paired and the unpaired particles. In particular, the expansion velocity of the unpaired cloud is shown to be directly related to the FFLO momentum. This provides an unambiguous signature of the FFLO state in a remarkably simple way.
description: Supplementary material included
From Minimax Shrinkage Estimation to Minimax Shrinkage Prediction
Creators: name: George, Edward I.
name: Liang, Feng
name: Xu, Xinyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a remarkable series of papers beginning in 1956, Charles Stein set the stage for the future development of minimax shrinkage estimators of a multivariate normal mean under quadratic loss. More recently, parallel developments have seen the emergence of minimax shrinkage estimators of multivariate normal predictive densities under Kullback--Leibler risk. We here describe these parallels emphasizing the focus on Bayes procedures and the derivation of the superharmonic conditions for minimaxity as well as further developments of new minimax shrinkage predictive density estimators including multiple shrinkage estimators, empirical Bayes estimators, normal linear model regression estimators and nonparametric regression estimators.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-STS383 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov solution of the pairing Hamiltonian in finite nuclei
Creators: name: Dobaczewski, J.
name: Nazarewicz, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory of nucleonic superfluidity for finite nuclei. After introducing basic concepts related to pairing correlations, we show how the correlated pairs are incorporated into the HFB wave function. Thereafter, we present derivation and structure of the HFB equations within the superfluid nuclear density functional formalism and discuss several aspects of the theory, including the unitarity of the Bogoliubov transformation in truncated single-particle and quasiparticle spaces, form of the pairing functional, structure of the HFB continuum, regularization and renormalization of pairing fields, and treatment of pairing in systems with odd particle numbers.
description: Contributed chapter in "50 Years of Nuclear BCS", edited by R. A. Broglia and V. Zelevinsky, references corrected