cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Mortality attributed to overweight and obesity among women and men in Germany
Creators: name: Teichert, Elisabeth Margaretha
Year: 2023

description: Sowohl die hohe Prävalenz von Übergewicht und als auch die zunehmende Prävalenz von Adipositas bei deutschen Frauen und Männern sind besorgniserregend. Das durch Adipositas bedingte Sterberisiko wird mit dem des Rauchens verglichen, es ist jedoch nicht so gründlich untersucht worden wie andere nennenswerte Risikofaktoren wie Tabak- und Alkoholkonsum. Es mangelt im Besonderen an Studien, die sich mit der Sterblichkeit von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Frauen und Männern in Deutschland auseinandersetzen. Mehta & Chang (2009) liefern in ihrer in der Zeitschrift Demography veröffentlichten Arbeit Schätzungen zur gewichtsbedingten Sterblichkeit in den USA. Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels (SOEP) von 2002 bis 2020 werden verwendet, um die auf Übergewicht und Adipositas zurückzuführende Sterblichkeit deutscher Frauen und Männer zu berechnen und mit der von Mehta & Chang (2009) für die USA ermittelten Sterblichkeit zu vergleichen. 5 % der weiblichen und 3 % der männlichen Todesfälle lassen sich auf Adipositas zurückführen. Übergewicht verursacht keine zusätzlichen Sterbefälle. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Übergewicht in Deutschland kein Grund zur Besorgnis ist, dass aber Maßnahmen erforderlich sind, um weitere Todesfälle, besonders bei Frauen, durch Adipositas zu verhindern. Die Adipositas-Epidemie ist nach wie vor aktuell, nicht nur in den USA, sondern auch in Deutschland.
description: The high prevalence of overweight and increasing prevalence of obesity among German women and men is worrying. The risk of death due to obesity has been compared to that of smoking, yet has not been investigated to the extent of other notable risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. Particularly, research into the mortality of overweight and obese men and women is sparse in Germany. Mehta & Chang (2009) provide estimates for weight attributable mortality in the U.S. in their paper published in Demography. Using data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Germany (2002 – 2020), overweight and obesity attributable mortality is estimated for German women and men, and compared to that found by Mehta & Chang (2009) in the U.S. 5% of female and 3% of male deaths in Germany can be attributed to obesity. Overweight does not cause any excess deaths. The findings suggest that overweight is no concern in Germany but action is needed to prevent further loss of life from obesity, especially among women. The obesity epidemic is still relevant, not only in the U.S. but also in Germany.
Lipschitz and Hölder stable determination of nonlinear terms for elliptic equations
Creators: name: Kian, Yavar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 35J61, 35J62

description: We consider the inverse problem of determining some class of nonlinear terms appearing in an elliptic equation from boundary measurements. More precisely, we study the stability issue for this class of inverse problems. Under suitable assumptions, we prove a Lipschitz and a Hölder stability estimate associated with the determination of quasilinear and semilinear terms appearing in this class of elliptic equations from measurements restricted to an arbitrary parts of the boundary of the domain. Besides their mathematical interest, our stability estimates can be useful for improving numerical reconstruction of this class of nonlinear terms. Our approach combines the linearization technique with applications of suitable class of singular solutions.
Sums of Euler products and statistics of elliptic curves
Creators: name: David, Chantal
name: Koukoulopoulos, Dimitris
name: Smith, Ethan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G07, 11N45

description: We present several results related to statistics for elliptic curves over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ as corollaries of a general theorem about averages of Euler products that we demonstrate. In this general framework, we can reprove known results such as the average Lang-Trotter conjecture, the average Koblitz conjecture, and the vertical Sato-Tate conjecture, even for very short intervals, not accessible by previous methods. We also compute statistics for new questions, such as the problem of amicable pairs and aliquot cycles, first introduced by Silverman and Stange. Our technique is rather flexible and should be easily applicable to a wide range of similar problems. The starting point of our results is a theorem of Gekeler which gives a reinterpretation of Deuring's theorem in terms of an Euler product involving random matrices, thus making a direct connection between the (conjectural) horizontal distributions and the vertical distributions. Our main technical result then shows that, under certain conditions, a weighted average of Euler products is asymptotic to the Euler product of the average factors.
description: 57 pages, to appear in Math. Ann.; corrected the proof of Theorem 3.1; added Remark 4.1; some other minor changes
title: Clothing the body: Representing femininity in Victorian narratives of selfhood
Creators: name: Puri, Tara
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This thesis looks at the women who inhabit Victorian literature, focusing on the ways in which they are represented as well as the way in which they choose to represent themselves. I argue that this self-definition takes place consciously, and that Victorian heroines often choose to display their selfhood through sartorial austerity. Through resisting the inclusion in a scopic economy where worth is judged by appearance, these women make their choice of clothing a highly expres­sive medium for registering a critique of reading subjectivity through appearance, and the critique of a society where women’s bodies are constant loci of scrutiny. But it is also a choice that reveals their unease with their own sexuality, their struggles with their desires, as well as their attempts to exert control over their bodies. They instead manage to create a private space within a public mode of expression, a space from which to resist societal pressures. The dressing room then becomes a significant site for the creation of female identity, as well as a certain kind of feminine intimacy. A room privileged as uniquely feminine, it provides the privacy for female friendships. Also central to this self-creation is the mirror, a fraught terrain where contemporary anxieties about women are relocated. But in numerous novels, this is not just a site for vanity and duplication of identity, but also for self-reflection. The thesis concludes with an examination of the literary representation of hair, its polysemic mean­ings, and its autonomous expressive quality. The writers focused on are Charlotte Bronte, Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot, Wilkie Collins, Mary Elizabeth Brad- don, Thomas Hardy, Christina Rossetti, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning. The paintings of the Pre-Raphaelites Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones, John Everett Millais and William Holman Hunt also provide a dou­ble narrative to these literary representations.
Lesenlernen bei Hörbeeinträchtigung Interviewstudie mit Audiopädagoginnen über Erfahrungen mit dem Lehrmittel "Leseschlau"
Creators: name: Guggenheim, Noëmi
name: Haas, Regina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Schulische Heilpädagogik
Masterarbeit

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern sich das Lehrmittel ‚Leseschlau‘ aus Sicht erfahrener Lehrpersonen für den Erstleseunterricht von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit einer Hörbeeinträchtigung eignet. Es wurden neun Experteninterviews mit sachverständigen Lehrpersonen durchgeführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Lehrmittel ‚Leseschlau‘ dem Bedürfnis nach einem systematischen Aufbau und dem Einbezug der Arbeit an der Artikulation entgegen kommt. Das Lehrmittel kann die erschwerten Bedingungen für den Lesekompetenzerwerb von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit einer Hörbeeinträchtigung nicht beheben, bietet aber durch die Visualisierung der Laute eine Kompensation für den undeutlichen Höreindruck und ermöglicht so schon frühe Erfolge im Erlesen von einfachen Wörtern.
On Black Hole Thermodynamics, Singularity, and Gravitational Entropy
Creators: name: Ong, Yen Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many fundamental issues remain for black hole thermodynamics after almost half a century of its conception. For example, what are the underlying degrees of freedom of a black hole horizon that give rise to said thermodynamical properties? Furthermore, classical black holes also harbor a spacetime singularity. Although it is often believed that quantum gravity would "cure" the singularity, as emphasized by Penrose, this viewpoint requires a deeper examination. In this review, I will examine the possibility that singularities remain in quantum gravity, the roles they may play, and the possible links between singularity and black hole thermodynamics. I will also discuss how -- inspired by Penrose's Weyl curvature hypothesis -- gravitational entropy for a black hole can be defined using curvature invariants, and the surprising implication that the entropy of black holes in different theories of gravity are different manifestations of spacetime curvature, i.e., their underlying microstructures could be different. Finally, I review the "Hookean law" recently established for singly rotating Myers-Perry black holes (including Kerr black holes) that connect black hole fragmentation -- a consequence of the second law of black hole thermodynamics -- with the maximum "Hookean force", as well as with the thermodynamic geometry of Ruppeiner. This also suggests a new way to study black hole microstructures, and hints at the possibility that some black holes are beyond the Hookean regime (and thus have different microstructures). While examining the remarkable connections between black hole thermodynamics, spacetime singularities and cosmic censorship, as well as gravitational entropy, I shall point out some subtleties, provide some new thoughts, and raise some hard but fundamental questions, including whether black hole thermodynamics is really just "ordinary thermodynamics" or something quite different.
description: An invited contribution to the topical volume [https://link.springer.com/collections/hjjgajaagg] for the conference "Singularity theorems, causality, and all that: A tribute to Roger Penrose" (SCRI21), June 14-18, 2021
FIESTA: Autoencoders for accurate fiber segmentation in tractography
Creators: name: Dumais, Félix
name: Legarreta, Jon Haitz
name: Lemaire, Carl
name: Poulin, Philippe
name: Rheault, François
name: Petit, Laurent
name: Barakovic, Muhamed
name: Magon, Stefano
name: Descoteaux, Maxime
name: Jodoin, Pierre-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: White matter bundle segmentation is a cornerstone of modern tractography to study the brain's structural connectivity in domains such as neurological disorders, neurosurgery, and aging. In this study, we present FIESTA (FIbEr Segmentation in Tractography using Autoencoders), a reliable and robust, fully automated, and easily semi-automatically calibrated pipeline based on deep autoencoders that can dissect and fully populate white matter bundles. This pipeline is built upon previous works that demonstrated how autoencoders can be used successfully for streamline filtering, bundle segmentation, and streamline generation in tractography. Our proposed method improves bundle segmentation coverage by recovering hard-to-track bundles with generative sampling through the latent space seeding of the subject bundle and the atlas bundle. A latent space of streamlines is learned using autoencoder-based modeling combined with contrastive learning. Using an atlas of bundles in standard space (MNI), our proposed method segments new tractograms using the autoencoder latent distance between each tractogram streamline and its closest neighbor bundle in the atlas of bundles. Intra-subject bundle reliability is improved by recovering hard-to-track streamlines, using the autoencoder to generate new streamlines that increase the spatial coverage of each bundle while remaining anatomically correct. Results show that our method is more reliable than state-of-the-art automated virtual dissection methods such as RecoBundles, RecoBundlesX, TractSeg, White Matter Analysis and XTRACT. Our framework allows for the transition from one anatomical bundle definition to another with marginal calibration efforts. Overall, these results show that our framework improves the practicality and usability of current state-of-the-art bundle segmentation framework.
description: 36 pages, 13 figures, accepted in NeuroImage
Effect of Broccoli Sprouts and Live Attenuated Influenza Virus on Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Creators: name: Jones, Shannon
name: Zhou, Haibo
name: Müller, Loretta
name: Jaspers, Ilona
name: Meyer, Megan
name: Noah, Terry L.
name: Bauer, Rebecca N.
name: Zhang, Hongtao
name: Robinette, Carole
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Enhancing antiviral host defense responses through nutritional supplementation would be an attractive strategy in the fight against influenza. Using inoculation with live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) as an infection model, we have recently shown that ingestion of sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout homogenates (BSH) reduces markers of viral load in the nose. To investigate the systemic effects of short-term BSH supplementation in the context of LAIV-inoculation, we examined peripheral blood immune cell populations in non-smoking subjects from this study, with a particular focus on NK cells. We carried out a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study measuring the effects of BSH (N = 13) or placebo (alfalfa sprout homogenate, ASH; N = 16) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to a standard nasal vaccine dose of LAIV in healthy volunteers. Blood was drawn prior to (day-1) and post (day2, day21) LAIV inoculation and analyzed for neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, T cells, NKT cells, and NK cells. In addition, NK cells were enriched, stimulated, and assessed for surface markers, intracellular markers, and cytotoxic potential by flow cytometry. Overall, LAIV significantly reduced NKT (day2 and day21) and T cell (day2) populations. LAIV decreased NK cell CD56 and CD158b expression, while significantly increasing CD16 expression and cytotoxic potential (on day2). BSH supplementation further increased LAIV-induced granzyme B production (day2) in NK cells compared to ASH and in the BSH group granzyme B levels appeared to be negatively associated with influenza RNA levels in nasal lavage fluid cells. We conclude that nasal influenza infection may induce complex changes in peripheral blood NK cell activation, and that BSH increases virus-induced peripheral blood NK cell granzyme B production, an effect that may be important for enhanced antiviral defense responses.
Dark current in monolithic extended-SWIR GeSn PIN photodetectors
Creators: name: Atalla, Mahmoud R. M.
name: Assali, Simone
name: Koelling, Sebastian
name: Attiaoui, Anis
name: Moutanabbir, Oussama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The monolithic integration of extended short-wave infrared (e-SWIR) photodetectors (PDs) on silicon is highly sought-after to implement manufacturable, cost-effective sensing and imaging technologies. With this perspective, GeSn PIN PDs have been the subject of extensive investigations because of their bandgap tunability and silicon compatibility. However, due to growth defects, these PDs suffer a relatively high dark current density as compared to commercial III-V PDs. Herein, we elucidate the mechanisms governing the dark current in $2.6 \, μ$m GeSn PDs at a Sn content of $10$ at.%. It was found that in the temperature range of $293 \, $K -- $363 \,$K and at low bias, the diffusion and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) leakage mechanisms dominate the dark current in small diameter ($20 \, μ$m) devices, while combined SRH and trap assisted tunneling (TAT) leakage mechanisms are prominent in larger diameter ($160 \, μ$m) devices. However, at high reverse bias, TAT leakage mechanism becomes dominant regardless of the operating temperature and device size. The effective non-radiative carrier lifetime in these devices was found to reach $\sim 300$ -- $400$ ps at low bias. Owing to TAT leakage current, however, this lifetime reduces progressively as the bias increases.
Squeezing of quantum noise of motion in a micromechanical resonator
Creators: name: Pirkkalainen, J. -M.
name: Damskägg, E.
name: Brandt, M.
name: Massel, F.
name: Sillanpää, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A pair of conjugate observables, such as the quadrature amplitudes of harmonic motion, have fundamental fluctuations which are bound by the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. However, in a squeezed quantum state, fluctuations of a quantity can be reduced below the standard quantum limit, at the cost of increased fluctuations of the conjugate variable. Here we prepare a nearly macroscopic moving body, realized as a micromechanical resonator, in a squeezed quantum state. We obtain squeezing of one quadrature amplitude $1.1 \pm 0.4$ dB below the standard quantum limit, thus achieving a long-standing goal of obtaining motional squeezing in a macroscopic object.
description: Physical Review Letters (accepted for publication, 2015)
Residuality in the set of norm attaining operators between Banach spaces
Creators: name: Jung, Mingu
name: Martin, Miguel
name: Zoca, Abraham Rueda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the relationship between the residuality of the set of norm attaining functionals on a Banach space and the residuality and the denseness of the set of norm attaining operators between Banach spaces. Our first main result says that if $C$ is a bounded subset of a Banach space $X$ which admit an LUR renorming satisfying that, for every Banach space $Y$, the operators $T$ from $X$ to $Y$ for which the supremum of $\|Tx\|$ with $x\in C$ is attained are dense, then the $G_δ$ set of those functionals which strongly exposes $C$ is dense in $X^*$. This extends previous results by J.\ Bourgain and K.-S.\ Lau. The particular case in which $C$ is the unit ball of $X$, in which we get that the norm of $X^*$ is Fréchet differentiable at a dense subset, improves a result by J.\ Lindenstrauss and we even present an example showing that Lindenstrauss' result was not optimal. In the reverse direction, we obtain results for the density of the $G_δ$ set of absolutely strongly exposing operators from $X$ to $Y$ by requiring that the set of strongly exposing functionals on $X$ is dense and conditions on $Y$ or $Y^*$ involving RNP and discreteness on the set of strongly exposed points of $Y$ or $Y^*$. These results include examples in which even the denseness of norm attaining operators was unknown. We also show that the residuality of the set of norm attaining operators implies the denseness of the set of absolutely strongly exposing operators provided the domain space and the dual of the range space are separable, extending a recent result for functionals. Finally, our results find important applications, among which we point out that we solve a proposed open problem showing that the unique predual of the space of Lipschitz functions from the Euclidean unit circle fails to have Lindenstrauss property A.
Spill ripple mitigation by bunched beam extraction with high frequency synchrotron motion
Creators: name: Sorge, Stefan
name: Forck, Peter
name: Singh, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Slow extraction of bunched beams is widely used for mitigating the formation of micro structures due to ripples of the accelerator magnets power supplies on the extracted beam which is also referred to as spill. That helps, in particular, experiments with slow detectors or with low extraction rates. Furthermore, this technique is widely used for avoiding long gaps in the spill measured in ionisation chambers which in turn would trigger interlocks. On the other hand, the bunches create spill structures on time scales defined by the rf frequency. In addition, macroscopic spill structures of duration up to some hundred milliseconds can be created by the synchrotron motion for a sufficiently large synchrotron tune. The aim of this report is to study the influence of the synchrotron tune determined by amplitude and harmonic number of the rf voltage which additionally depends on the transverse emittance and the longitudinal bunch area of the circulating beam as well as the distribution of the particles' transit times.
Overbias Light Emission From Memristive Nanojunctions
Creators: name: Hamdad, S.
name: Malchow, K.
name: Dujardin, E.
name: Bouhelier, A.
name: Cheng, B.
name: Zellweger, T.
name: Leuthold, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nanoscale dielectric gap clamped between two metal electrodes may undergo a large resistance change from insulating to highly conducting upon applying an electrical stress. This sudden resistive switching effect is largely exploited in memristors for emulating synapses in neuromorphic neural networks. Here, we show that resistive switching can be accompanied by a release of electromagnetic radiation spanning the visible spectral region. Importantly, we find that the spectrum is characterized by photon energies exceeding the maximum kinetic energy of electrons provided by the switching voltage. This so-called overbias emission can be described self-consistently by a thermal radiation model featuring an out-of-equilibrium electron distribution generated in the device with an effective temperature exceeding 2000~K. The emitted spectrum is understood in terms of hot electrons radiatively decaying to resonant optical modes occurring in a nanoscale \ch{SiO2} matrix located between two \ch{Ag} electrodes. The correlation between resistive switching and the onset of overbias emission in atomic-scale photonic memristor brings new venues to generate light on chip and their exploitation in optical interconnects. Photons emitted during memristive switching can also be monitored to follow the neural activation pathways in memristor-based networks.
Effect of Obesity on Acute Ozone-Induced Changes in Airway Function, Reactivity, and Inflammation in Adult Females
Creators: name: Bromberg, Philip A.
name: London, Stephanie J.
name: Wu, Jihong
name: Travlos, Gregory
name: Alexis, Neil E.
name: Ivins, Sally
name: Bennett, William D.
name: Brar, Sukhdev S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We previously observed greater ozone-induced lung function decrements in obese than non-obese women. Animal models suggest that obesity enhances ozone-induced airway reactivity and inflammation. In a controlled exposure study, we compared the acute effect of randomized 0.4ppm ozone and air exposures (2 h with intermittent light exercise) in obese (N = 20) (30<BMI<40Kg/m2) vs. non-obese (N = 20) (BMI<25Kg/m2) non-smoking 18–35 year old women. We measured spirometry and bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine (3h post-exposure). Inflammation and obesity markers were assessed in the blood (pre, 4h post, and 20h post exposures) and induced-sputum (4h post-exposures and on 24h pre-exposure training day, no exercise): measures of C reactive protein (CRP) (blood only), leptin (blood only), adiponectin, interleukins IL-6, IL-1b, and IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and sputum cell differential cell counts. The pre- to post-exposure decrease in forced vital capacity after ozone (adjusted for the change after air exposure) was significantly greater in the obese group (12.5+/-7.5 vs. 8.0+/-5.8%, p<0.05). Post ozone exposure, 6 obese and 6 non-obese subjects responded to methacholine at ≤ 10mg/ml (the maximum dose); the degree of hyperresponsiveness was similar for the two groups. Both BMI groups showed similar and significant ozone-induced increases in sputum neutrophils. Plasma IL-6 was increased by exercise (4 hr post air exposure vs. pre) only in the obese but returned to pre-air exposure levels at 20hr post-exposure. Plasma IL-6 was significantly increased at 4hr post ozone exposure in both groups and returned to pre-exposure levels by 20h post-exposure. These results confirm our previous findings of greater post-ozone spirometric decrements in obese young women. However, acute ozone-induced airway reactivity to methacholine and airway inflammation did not differ by obesity at the exposure and exercise levels used.
Additional file 2 of Genetic diversity and virulence properties of caprine Trueperella pyogenes isolates
Creators: name: Kwiecień, Ewelina
name: Stefańska, Ilona
name: Kizerwetter-Świda, Magdalena
name: Chrobak-Chmiel, Dorota
name: Czopowicz, Michał
name: Moroz-Fik, Agata
name: Mickiewicz, Marcin
name: Biernacka, Kinga
name: Bagnicka, Emilia
name: Kaba, Jarosław
name: Rzewuska, Magdalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. The occurrence of RAPD profiles of caprine T. pyogenes isolates in herd I in the period from 2015 to 2019.
title: The curation of the new urban street
Creators: name: Papakonstantinou, Sofia
Year: 2023

description: In dieser Arbeit geht es darum zu verstehen, wie der Erneuerungsprozess und die Identitätsverschiebung auf der Straße durch die Methoden der Kuration erfolgen können. Zu diesem Zweck analysiere ich die Jægersborggade, eine einzigartige Straße im Zentrum von Kopenhagen, die einem Museum ähnelt. Die These lautet: "Inwieweit und auf welche Weise kann die Jægersborggade als eine kuratierte Straße betrachtet werden?" Bei der Beantwortung dieser Frage geht es zunächst um die Frage, wie die Straße kuratiert wird und wie die Akteure zur Kuratierung beitragen; zunächst stellt sich heraus, dass die Andelsboliforeninger, die Wohnungsbaugenossenschaft, die wichtigsten Kuratoren der Straße sind. Diese Genossenschaft verfügt über eine große Autorität, da sie die Umgestaltung der Straße initiiert hat. Sie hat die Entscheidungsgewalt darüber, welche Geschäfte öffnen dürfen, und bestimmt sogar deren Öffnungszeiten. Um diese Rolle zu kontextualisieren, könnte man sie mit den prominenten Kuratoren eines Museums vergleichen. Die Ladenbesitzer und der Handelsforening können in diesem Szenario mit den Künstlern gleichgesetzt werden. Ihre Rolle besteht in der Herstellung der präsentierten Werke, der Einrichtung einzigartiger Geschäfte und der Ausschmückung der Umgebung innerhalb und außerhalb ihrer Läden. In der Folge fungiert die Straße als Museum, in dem der Verein die Kontrolle über die Erzählung der Straße gewinnt und einen geordneten Rhythmus vorgeben kann, was zu Ausgrenzung und Unauthentizität führt.
description: This thesis aims to understand how the renewal process and a shift in identity on the street can occur through curation methods. To do this, I analyze the Jægersborggade, a unique street in the Center of Copenhagen in the way that it resembles a museum. The thesis asks, "To what extent and in which ways can Jægersborggade be considered a curated street?" In answering this question, I first ask how the street is curated and how the actors contribute to the curation; firstly, the Andelsboliforeninger, or cooperative housing association, emerges as the key curators of the street. This association wields substantial authority, having initiated the street's redevelopment. They possess the decision-making power concerning which shops can open and even dictate their operating hours. To contextualize this role, one could compare them to the prominent curators for a museum. The shopkeepers and the Handelsforening can be equated to the artists in this same scenario. Their roles involve crafting the presented works, establishing unique stores, and ornamenting the surroundings within and outside their shops. Subsequently, the street acts as a museum, where the association gains control over the narrative of the street and can conduct an orderly rhythm, resulting in exclusion and inauthenticity.
The Exact WKB analysis for asymmetric scalar preheating
Creators: name: Enomoto, Seishi
name: Matsuda, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the exact WKB analysis of the higher-order differential equations, we analyze the asymmetry in dynamical particle production of a complex scalar field. The solution requires the Stokes phenomena of the fourth-order differential equation. We found that the interference of different types of the Stokes phenomena causes matter-antimatter asymmetry. We also showed a specific example where asymmetry is forbidden in the exact calculation, but a false asymmetry appears in the perturbative expansion.
description: 38 pages, 7 fugures, style changed, refined arguments
Persistent nonlocality in an ultracold-atom environment
Creators: name: Longstaff, Bradley
name: Brask, Jonatan Bohr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate nonlocal quantum correlations arising between multiple two-level impurity atoms coupled to an ultracold bosonic gas. We find that the environment-induced dynamics of the impurity subsystem can generate nonlocal states that are robust against noise and violate a multipartite Bell inequality when projective spin measurements are made. Genuine multipartite nonlocality is also observed in a system of three impurities. We show that non-Markovian effects, and the persistence of coherences in the impurity subsystem, are crucial for preventing complete loss of nonlocality and allow for nonlocal correlations to be generated and maintained for extended periods of time.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Added missing funding information
Siena College Research Institute Poll: September 20-27 2018 Siena New York Poll
Creators: name: Siena College Research Institute
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Direction of New York State (1); direction of country (1); likely to vote in general election (1); favorable/unfavorable opinion of person or institution (6); favorable/unfavorable opinion of people in public life (6); United States Senator vote (1); New York State Comptroller vote (1); New York State Attorney General vote (1); preferred party in control of House of Representatives (1); preferred party in control of New York State Senate (1).
Effects of Nitrogen Availability and Form on Phytoplankton Growth in a Eutrophied Estuary (Neuse River Estuary, NC, USA)
Creators: name: Paerla, Hans W.
name: Cira, Emily K.
name: Wetza, Michael S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Nitrogen availability and form are important controls on estuarine phytoplankton growth. This study experimentally determined the influence of urea and nitrate additions on phytoplankton growth throughout the growing season (March 2012, June 2011, August 2011) in a temperate, eutrophied estuary (Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA). Photopigments (chlorophyll a and diagnostic photopigments: peridinin, fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, chlorophyll b) and microscopy-based cell counts were used as indicators of phytoplankton growth. In March, the phytoplankton community was dominated by Gyrodinium instriatum and only fucoxanthin-based growth rates were stimulated by nitrogen addition. The limited response to nitrogen suggests other factors may control phytoplankton growth and community composition in early spring. In June, inorganic nitrogen concentrations were low and stimulatory effects of both nitrogen forms were observed for chlorophyll a- and diagnostic photopigment-based growth rates. In contrast, cell counts showed that only cryptophyte and dinoflagellate (Heterocapsa rotundata) growth were stimulated. Responses of other photopigments may have been due to an increase in pigment per cell or growth of plankton too small to be counted with the microscopic methods used. Despite high nitrate concentrations in August, growth rates were elevated in response to urea and/or nitrate addition for all photopigments except peridinin. However, this response was not observed in cell counts, again suggesting that pigment-based growth responses may not always be indicative of a true community and/or taxa-specific growth response. This highlights the need to employ targeted microscopy-based cell enumeration concurrent with pigment-based technology to facilitate a more complete understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in estuarine systems. These results are consistent with previous studies showing the seasonal importance of nitrogen availability in estuaries, and also reflect taxa-specific responses nitrogen availability. Finally, this study demonstrates that under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the phytoplankton community and its various taxa are capable of using both urea and nitrate to support growth.
Hybrid Quantum Singular Spectrum Decomposition for Time Series Analysis
Creators: name: Postema, Jasper Johannes
name: Bonizzi, Pietro
name: Koekoek, Gideon
name: Westra, Ronald L.
name: Kokkelmans, Servaas J. J. M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical data analysis requires computational efforts that become intractable in the age of Big Data. An essential task in time series analysis is the extraction of physically meaningful information from a noisy time series. One algorithm devised for this very purpose is singular spectrum decomposition (SSD), an adaptive method that allows for the extraction of narrow-banded components from non-stationary and non-linear time series. The main computational bottleneck of this algorithm is the singular value decomposition (SVD). Quantum computing could facilitate a speedup in this domain through superior scaling laws. We propose quantum SSD by assigning the SVD subroutine to a quantum computer. The viability for implementation and performance of this hybrid algorithm on a near term hybrid quantum computer is investigated. In this work we show that by employing randomised SVD, we can impose a qubit limit on one of the circuits to improve scalibility. Using this, we efficiently perform quantum SSD on simulations of local field potentials recorded in brain tissue, as well as GW150914, the first detected gravitational wave event.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Incidence and recognition of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a UK intensive care unit
Creators: name: Summers, Charlotte
name: Singh, Nanak R
name: Worpole, Linda
name: Simmonds, Rosalind
name: Babar, Judith
name: Condliffe, Alison M
name: Gunning, Kevin E
name: Johnston, Andrew J
name: Chilvers, Edwin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: The reported incidence of ARDS is highly variable (2.5%–19% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients) and varies depending on study patient population used. We undertook a 6-month, prospective study to determine the incidence and outcome of ARDS in a UK adult University Hospital ICU. 344 patients were admitted during the study period, of these 43 (12.5%) were determined to have ARDS. Patients with ARDS had increased mortality at 28 days and 2 years post-diagnosis, and there was under-recognition of ARDS in both medical records and death certificattion. Our findings have implications for critical care resource planning.
description: This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from BMJ Thorax via ://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208402
Efficient Inhibition of HIV Replication in the Gastrointestinal and Female Reproductive Tracts of Humanized BLT Mice by EFdA
Creators: name: Parniak, Michael A.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Kovarova, Martina
name: Ho, Phong T.
name: Schramm, Nathaniel
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Shanmugasundaram, Uma
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) in preclinical development exhibits improved safety and antiviral activity profiles with minimal drug resistance compared to approved NRTIs. However, the systemic antiviral efficacy of EFdA has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we utilized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice to investigate the systemic effect of EFdA treatment on HIV replication and CD4+ T cell depletion in the peripheral blood (PB) and tissues. In particular, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the female reproductive tract (FRT) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, major sites of transmission, viral replication, and CD4+ T cell depletion and where some current antiretroviral drugs have a sub-optimal effect.
Fluctuation-driven excess noise near superconducting phase transition
Creators: name: Kwak, Juhun
name: Pellett, Emil
name: König, Elio J.
name: Levchenko, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss intrinsic mechanisms of nonequilibrium excess noise in superconducting devices and transition edge sensors. In particular, we present an overview of fluctuation-driven contributions to the current noise in the vicinity of the superconducting transition. We argue that sufficiently close to the critical temperature fluctuations of conductivity may become correlated provided that the rate of quasiparticle relaxation is slow as compared to dynamics of superconducting fluctuations. In this regime, fluctuations of conductivity adiabatically follow the fluctuations of the electron distribution. This leads to a substantial enhancement of current noise. The corresponding spectral power density of noise has a Lorentzian shape in the frequency domain while its magnitude scales proportionally to the inelastic relaxation time. It also sensitively depends on the dephasing and Ginzburg-Landau timescales. Further estimates suggest that this mechanism dominates over the conventional temperature fluctuations in the same range of parameters. To describe these effects microscopically, we use the nonequilibrium Keldysh technique in the semiclassical approximation of superconductivity with Boltzmann-Langevin random forces to account for correlations of fluctuations.
description: In part this material appeared originally in the supplement to arXiv:2202.06309, and now has been expanded into this paper. Prepared for the AoP memorial volume dedicated to K. B. Efetov [14 pages, 1 figure]
Charged black holes in string-inspired gravity: II. Mass inflation and dependence on parameters and potentials
Creators: name: Hansen, Jakob
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relation between the existence of mass inflation and model parameters of string-inspired gravity models. In order to cover various models, we investigate a Brans-Dicke theory that is coupled to a U(1) gauge field. By tuning a model parameter that decides the coupling between the Brans-Dicke field and the electromagnetic field, we can make both of models such that the Brans-Dicke field is biased toward strong or weak coupling directions after gravitational collapses. We observe that as long as the Brans-Dicke field is biased toward any (strong or weak) directions, there is no Cauchy horizon and no mass inflation. Therefore, we conclude that to induce a Cauchy horizon and mass inflation inside a charged black hole, either there is no bias of the Brans-Dicke field as well as no Brans-Dicke hair outside the horizon or such a biased Brans-Dicke field should be well trapped and controlled by a potential.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures
Detection, Explanation and Filtering of Cyber Attacks Combining Symbolic and Sub-Symbolic Methods
Creators: name: Himmelhuber, Anna
name: Dold, Dominik
name: Grimm, Stephan
name: Zillner, Sonja
name: Runkler, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) on graph-structured data has recently received deepened interest in the context of intrusion detection in the cybersecurity domain. Due to the increasing amounts of data generated by monitoring tools as well as more and more sophisticated attacks, these ML methods are gaining traction. Knowledge graphs and their corresponding learning techniques such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with their ability to seamlessly integrate data from multiple domains using human-understandable vocabularies, are finding application in the cybersecurity domain. However, similar to other connectionist models, GNNs are lacking transparency in their decision making. This is especially important as there tend to be a high number of false positive alerts in the cybersecurity domain, such that triage needs to be done by domain experts, requiring a lot of man power. Therefore, we are addressing Explainable AI (XAI) for GNNs to enhance trust management by exploring combining symbolic and sub-symbolic methods in the area of cybersecurity that incorporate domain knowledge. We experimented with this approach by generating explanations in an industrial demonstrator system. The proposed method is shown to produce intuitive explanations for alerts for a diverse range of scenarios. Not only do the explanations provide deeper insights into the alerts, but they also lead to a reduction of false positive alerts by 66% and by 93% when including the fidelity metric.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.08741
Thermodynamic principle for quantum metrology
Creators: name: Chu, Yaoming
name: Cai, Jianming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat dissipation in quantum metrology represents not only an unavoidable problem towards practical applications of quantum sensing devices but also a fundamental relationship between thermodynamics and quantum metrology. However, a general thermodynamic principle which governs the rule of energy consumption in quantum metrology, similar to Landauer's principle for heat dissipation in computations, has remained elusive. Here, we establish such a physical principle for energy consumption in order to achieve a certain level of measurement precision in quantum metrology, and show that it is intrinsically determined by the erasure of quantum Fisher information. The principle provides a powerful tool to investigate the advantage of quantum resources, not only in measurement precision but also in energy efficiency. It also serves as a bridge between thermodynamics and various fundamental physical concepts related in quantum physics and quantum information theory.
description: Comments are welcome
Revisiting the chiral effective action in holographic models
Creators: name: Hoyos, Carlos
name: Jokela, Niko
name: Logares, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the pion decay constant and coefficients of fourth derivative terms in the chiral Lagrangian for massless quarks in the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. We extract these quantities from the two-pion scattering amplitude, which we compute directly in the holographic dual through tree-level Witten diagrams. Identification of the low energy coefficients in the chiral action is subtle as their values will be shifted when the tower of massive vector bosons are integrated out. Indeed, by a direct comparison with the existing standard procedure of constructing the chiral action with radial modes in the gravity dual, we explicitly show that there are finite 't Hooft coupling corrections that have been missed. This suggests that past derivations of effective actions from holographic models may have to be revisited and future derivations more carefully considered.
description: 34 pages, 3 figures; v2: published and revised version including now also discussion on vector-meson contributions, several added refs., and clarifications (conclusions unchanged)
eHUGS: Enhanced Hierarchical Unbiased Graph Shrinkage for Efficient Groupwise Registration
Creators: name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Peng, Xuewei
name: Ying, Shihui
name: Wang, Qian
name: Shen, Dan
name: Wu, Guorong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Effective and efficient spatial normalization of a large population of brain images is critical for many clinical and research studies, but it is technically very challenging. A commonly used approach is to choose a certain image as the template and then align all other images in the population to this template by applying pairwise registration. To avoid the potential bias induced by the inappropriate template selection, groupwise registration methods have been proposed to simultaneously register all images to a latent common space. However, current groupwise registration methods do not make full use of image distribution information for more accurate registration. In this paper, we present a novel groupwise registration method that harnesses the image distribution information by capturing the image distribution manifold using a hierarchical graph with its nodes representing the individual images. More specifically, a low-level graph describes the image distribution in each subgroup, and a high-level graph encodes the relationship between representative images of subgroups. Given the graph representation, we can register all images to the common space by dynamically shrinking the graph on the image manifold. The topology of the entire image distribution is always maintained during graph shrinkage. Evaluations on two datasets, one for 80 elderly individuals and one for 285 infants, indicate that our method can yield promising results.