cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Response of functional diversity of fish communities to habitat alterations in small lowland rivers
Creators: name: Stefani, Fabrizio
name: Fasola, Emanuele
name: Marziali, Laura
name: Tirozzi, Pietro
name: Schiavon, Alfredo
name: Bocchi, Stefano
name: Gomarasca, Stefano
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Kurtosis
subject: Skewness
subject: Land use
subject: Exotic species
subject: Traits
subject: Riparian vegetation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Functional diversity has proven to be more responsive than traditional taxonomic diversity to alterations for a wide set of communities, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Habitat alterations are among the most relevant causes of biodiversity loss in freshwater ecosystems, nevertheless their effect on functional diversity has been scarcely investigated so far. In this study, functional diversity of fish communities in the River Po basin, north Italy, were related to habitat quality at different spatial scales. Land use and riparian vegetation were identified as the most influent factors on freshwater fish functional diversity. On the other hand, habitat descriptors at smaller scale did not influence functional diversity of fish. The evidenced responses were driven by the contribution of exotic species, which maximized ecological niche occupancy, either by exploiting increased habitat heterogeneity or by interaction with native species. Moreover, traits filtering, disadvantaging large predators such as salmonids, was also observed in the studied communities, but likely this effect was related to other factors than habitat alterations. Overall, this study confirms that land use changes can be considered as valid proxies for anthropogenic alterations. Moreover, possible effects at ecosystem level, also related to the spread of exotic species, could be hypothesized, giving that traits mostly influencing the observed patterns of diversity in communities were related to trophic niche, a factor that has been associated with crucial processes like nutrient cycling or energy transfer.
Months-long seismicity transients preceding the 2023 MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake, Türkiye
Creators: name: Kwiatek, G.
name: Martínez-Garzón, P.
name: Becker, D.
name: Dresen, G.
name: Cotton, F.
name: Beroza, G. C.
name: Acarel, D.
name: Ergintav, S.
name: Bohnhoff, Marco
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 2023 MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake
subject: earthquake monitoring
subject: earthquake preparation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Short term prediction of earthquake magnitude, time, and location is currently not possible. In some cases, however, documented observations have been retrospectively considered as precursory. Here we present seismicity transients starting approx. 8 months before the 2023 MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake on the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Seismicity is composed of isolated spatio-temporal clusters within 65 km of future epicentre, displaying non-Poissonian inter-event time statistics, magnitude correlations and low Gutenberg-Richter b-values. Local comparable seismic transients have not been observed, at least since 2014. Close to epicentre and during the weeks prior to its rupture, only scarce seismic activity was observed. The trends of seismic preparatory attributes for this earthquake follow those previously documented in both laboratory stick-slip tests and numerical models of heterogeneous earthquake rupture affecting multiple fault segments. More comprehensive earthquake monitoring together with long-term seismic records may facilitate recognizing earthquake preparation processes from other regional deformation transients.
Development and validation of the 15-STARS - A novel self-report pharmacy-based questionnaire to screen for medication non-adherence
Creators: name: Arnet, Isabelle
name: Sahm, Laura J.
name: Gregório, João
name: Tuula, Anita
name: Krüger, Manfred
name: Wurmbach, Viktoria S.
name: Hoti, Kreshnik
name: Schulz, Martin
name: Eickhoff, Christiane
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Survey and questionnaires
subject: Medication adherence
subject: Self-report
subject: Screening tool
subject: Modifiable determinants
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Background Published scales measuring medication adherence are myriad. There is a need for a tool that guides towards downstream adherence interventions. Objective To develop and validate a self-report questionnaire able to detect modifiable determinants of medication non-adherence. Methods Workshops, surveys and meetings were used to identify items. Validation was performed in French and German (Switzerland) between March and April 2022. Face validation, content validation, construct validation, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed. The questionnaire was finalized in August 2022. Results The first draft in English included 13 items divided into four areas. Following translation, validation was performed with 144 patients (63 German-, 81 French-speaking) who were recruited in 35 community pharmacies. Acceptability was good (<5% missing data). Psychometric properties were acceptable with good content validity and moderate construct validity. Internal consistency was acceptable for the French version (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71 [item 1–5] - 0.61 [item 6–9]) and less acceptable for the German version (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.43 [item 1–5] - 0.45 [item 6–9]). Test-retest was given for all items (r = 0.52 to 1.0) except item 10 in French (r = 0.25). The final instrument is a 15-item questionnaire called the 15-STARS (Screening Tool for AdheRence to medicineS) that assesses practical difficulties with medicine use, reasons for non-adherence, doses missed, and need for further help. Conclusions Our findings support the validity and clinical utility of the 15-STARS questionnaire. Reliability was inconclusive due to incoherent internal consistency, but explainable by the single-item nature of the scale. This new tool will enable the detection of patients who experience difficulties that negatively influence medication adherence. Pharmacists will be able to propose specific and tailored adherence interventions to the patients. Next steps will focus on evaluating its usefulness for developing targeted interventions that optimize medication adherence in routine care and research settings.
Appendix Table S4 from Marker-dependent associations among oxidative stress, growth and survival during early life in a wild mammal
Creators: name: Christensen, Louise L.
name: Selman, Colin
name: Blount, Jonathan D.
name: Pilkington, Jill G.
name: Watt, Kathryn A.
name: Pemberton, Josephine M.
name: Reid, Jane M.
name: Nussy, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Oxidative stress (OS) is hypothesized to be a key physiological mechanism mediating life-history trade-offs, but evidence from wild populations experiencing natural environmental variation is limited. We tested the hypotheses that increased early life growth rate increases OS, and that increased OS reduces first-winter survival, in wild Soay sheep (Ovis aries) lambs. We measured growth rate and first-winter survival for four consecutive cohorts, and measured two markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls) and two markers of antioxidant (AOX) protection (total AOX capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)) from blood samples. Faster lamb growth was weakly associated with increased MDA, but not associated with variation in the other three markers. Lambs with higher SOD activity were more likely to survive their first winter, as were male but not female lambs with lower protein carbonyl concentrations. Survival did not vary with MDA or total AOX capacity. Key predictions relating OS to growth and survival were therefore supported in some OS markers, but not others. This suggests that different markers capture different aspects of the complex relationships between individual oxidative state, physiology and fitness, and that overarching hypotheses relating OS to life-history variation cannot be supported or refuted by studying individual markers.
Appendix Table S3 from Marker-dependent associations among oxidative stress, growth and survival during early life in a wild mammal
Creators: name: Christensen, Louise L.
name: Selman, Colin
name: Blount, Jonathan D.
name: Pilkington, Jill G.
name: Watt, Kathryn A.
name: Pemberton, Josephine M.
name: Reid, Jane M.
name: Nussy, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Linear mixed effect model of MDA in response to growth rate in Soay sheep lambs
Supplementary Legends from Positive selection of the TRIM family regulatory region in primate genomes
Creators: name: He, Dan-Dan
name: Yueer Lu
name: Gittelman, Rachel
name: Yabin Jin
name: Ling, Fei
name: Akey Joshua
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Viral selection pressure has acted on restriction factors that play an important role in innate immune system by inhibiting the replication of viruses during primate evolution. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family members are some of these restriction factors. It is becoming increasingly clear that gene expression differences, rather than protein-coding regions changes, could play a vital role in the anti-retroviral immune mechanism. Increasingly, recent studies have created genome-scale catalogues of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), which demark potentially functional regulatory DNA. To improve our understanding of the molecular evolution mechanism of antiviral differences between species, we leveraged 14 130 DHSs derived from 145 cell types to characterize the regulatory landscape of the TRIM region. Subsequently, we compared the alignments of the DHSs across six primates and found 375 DHSs that are conserved in non-human primates but exhibit significantly accelerated rates of evolution in the human lineage (haDHSs). Furthermore, we discovered 31 human-specific potential transcription factor motifs within haDHSs, including the KROX and SP1, that both interact with HIV-1. Importantly, the corresponding haDHS was correlated with antiviral factor TRIM23. Thus, our results suggested that some viruses may contribute, through regulatory DNA differences, to organismal evolution by mediating TRIM gene expression to escape immune surveillance.
The oligopoly’s shift to open access: How the big five academic publishers profit from article processing charges
Creators: name: Butler, Leigh-Ann
name: Matthias, Lisa
name: Simard, Marc-André
name: Mongeon, Philippe
name: Haustein, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: academic publishing market
subject: article processing charges
subject: big five academic publishers
subject: open access
subject: Unpaywall
subject: Web of Science
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen

description: We aim to estimate the total amount of article processing charges (APCs) paid to publish open access (OA) in journals controlled by the five large commercial publishers (Elsevier, Sage, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley) between 2015 and 2018. Using publication data from WoS, OA status from Unpaywall, and annual APC prices from open data sets and historical fees retrieved via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, we estimate that globally authors paid $1.06 billion in publication fees to these publishers from 2015–2018. Revenue from gold OA amounted to $612.5 million, and $448.3 million was obtained for publishing OA in hybrid journals. Among the five publishers, Springer Nature made the most revenue from OA ($589.7 million), followed by Elsevier ($221.4 million), Wiley ($114.3 million), Taylor & Francis ($76.8 million), and Sage ($31.6 million). With Elsevier and Wiley making most of their APC revenue from hybrid fees and others focusing on gold, different OA strategies could be observed between publishers.
Figure S1 from Positive selection of the TRIM family regulatory region in primate genomes
Creators: name: He, Dan-Dan
name: Yueer Lu
name: Gittelman, Rachel
name: Yabin Jin
name: Ling, Fei
name: Akey Joshua
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Viral selection pressure has acted on restriction factors that play an important role in innate immune system by inhibiting the replication of viruses during primate evolution. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family members are some of these restriction factors. It is becoming increasingly clear that gene expression differences, rather than protein-coding regions changes, could play a vital role in the anti-retroviral immune mechanism. Increasingly, recent studies have created genome-scale catalogues of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), which demark potentially functional regulatory DNA. To improve our understanding of the molecular evolution mechanism of antiviral differences between species, we leveraged 14 130 DHSs derived from 145 cell types to characterize the regulatory landscape of the TRIM region. Subsequently, we compared the alignments of the DHSs across six primates and found 375 DHSs that are conserved in non-human primates but exhibit significantly accelerated rates of evolution in the human lineage (haDHSs). Furthermore, we discovered 31 human-specific potential transcription factor motifs within haDHSs, including the KROX and SP1, that both interact with HIV-1. Importantly, the corresponding haDHS was correlated with antiviral factor TRIM23. Thus, our results suggested that some viruses may contribute, through regulatory DNA differences, to organismal evolution by mediating TRIM gene expression to escape immune surveillance.
Infrared spectroscopy reveals metal-independent carbonic anhydrase activity in crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase
Creators: name: Gomez, Aharon
name: Tinzl, Matthias
name: Stoffel, Gabriele
name: Westedt, Hendrik
name: Grubmüller, Helmut
name: Erb, Tobias J.
name: Vöhringer-Martinez, Esteban
name: Stripp, Sven T.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Infrared spectroscopy
subject: metal-independent carbonic anhydrase activity
subject: crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The conversion of CO2 by enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase or carboxylases plays a crucial role in many biological processes. However, in situ methods following the microscopic details of CO2 conversion at the active site are limited. Here, we used infrared spectroscopy to study the interaction of CO2, water, bicarbonate, and other reactants with β-carbonic anhydrase from Escherichia coli (EcCA) and crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase from Kitasatospora setae (KsCcr), two of the fastest CO2-converting enzymes in nature. Our data reveal that KsCcr possesses a so far unknown metal-independent CA-like activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved active site residues combined with molecular dynamics simulations tracing CO2 distributions in the active site of KsCCr identify an ‘activated’ water molecule forming the hydroxyl anion that attacks CO2 and yields bicarbonate (HCO3−). Computer simulations also explain why substrate binding inhibits the anhydrase activity. Altogether, we demonstrate how in situ infrared spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations provides a simple yet powerful new approach to investigate the atomistic reaction mechanisms of different enzymes with CO2.
Photo-excited charge transfer from adamantane to electronic bound states in water
Creators: name: Wang, Xiangfei
name: Krause, Pascal
name: Kirschbaum, Thorren
name: Palczynski, Karol
name: Dzubiella, Joachim
name: Bande, Annika
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Photo-excited charge transfer
subject: adamantane
subject: water
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Aqueous nanodiamonds illuminated by UV light produce free solvated electrons, which may drive high-energy reduction reactions in water. However, the influence of water conformations on the excited-state electron-transfer mechanism are still under debate. In this work, we offer a theoretical study of charge-transfer states in adamantane-water structures obtained by linear-response time-dependent density-functional theory. Small water clusters with broken hydrogen bonds are found to efficiently bind the electron from adamantane. A distinction is made with respect to the nature of the water clusters: some bind the electron in a water cavity, others along a strong permanent total dipole. These two types of bound states are more strongly binding, the higher their electron affinity and their positive electrostatic potential, the latter being dominated by the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the isolated water clusters. Structural sampling in a thermal equilibrium at room temperature via molecular dynamics snapshots confirms under which conditions the underlying waters clusters can occur and verifies that broken hydrogen bonds in the water network close to adamantane can create traps for the solvated electron.
Visibility study of Galileo satellites from a VLBI network
Creators: name: Wolf, Helene
name: Böhm, Johannes
name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Hugentobler, Urs
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Over the last years, ideas have been proposed to install a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) transmitter on one or more satellites of the Galileo constellation. Satellites transmitting signals that can be observed by VLBI telescopes provide the opportunity of extending the current VLBI research with observations to geodetic satellites. These observations offer a variety of new possibilities such as high precision tying of space geodetic techniques but also the direct determination of the absolute orientation of the satellite constellation with respect to the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and have implications on the determination of long-term reference frames. 

This contribution provides a visibility study of the Galileo satellites from a VLBI network. The newly developed satellite scheduling module in VieSched++ is used to determine the time periods during which a satellite is observable from a VLBI network. The possible satellite observations are evaluated through the number of stations from which a satellite is observable. Moreover, the impact on determining the orientation of the satellite constellation, caused by the observation geometry, is investigated with using the UT1-UTC Dilution of Precision (UDOP) factor.
description: EGUsphere
Figure S2 from Positive selection of the TRIM family regulatory region in primate genomes
Creators: name: He, Dan-Dan
name: Yueer Lu
name: Gittelman, Rachel
name: Yabin Jin
name: Ling, Fei
name: Akey Joshua
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Viral selection pressure has acted on restriction factors that play an important role in innate immune system by inhibiting the replication of viruses during primate evolution. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family members are some of these restriction factors. It is becoming increasingly clear that gene expression differences, rather than protein-coding regions changes, could play a vital role in the anti-retroviral immune mechanism. Increasingly, recent studies have created genome-scale catalogues of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), which demark potentially functional regulatory DNA. To improve our understanding of the molecular evolution mechanism of antiviral differences between species, we leveraged 14 130 DHSs derived from 145 cell types to characterize the regulatory landscape of the TRIM region. Subsequently, we compared the alignments of the DHSs across six primates and found 375 DHSs that are conserved in non-human primates but exhibit significantly accelerated rates of evolution in the human lineage (haDHSs). Furthermore, we discovered 31 human-specific potential transcription factor motifs within haDHSs, including the KROX and SP1, that both interact with HIV-1. Importantly, the corresponding haDHS was correlated with antiviral factor TRIM23. Thus, our results suggested that some viruses may contribute, through regulatory DNA differences, to organismal evolution by mediating TRIM gene expression to escape immune surveillance.
Improved VLBI scheduling through evolutionary strategies
Creators: name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Plötz, Christian
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Since mid-2020, various Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observation programs organized by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) are scheduled using a new algorithm inspired by evolutionary processes based on selection, crossover and mutation. It mimics the biological concept "survival of the fittest" to iteratively explore the scheduling parameter space looking for the best solution.

In this work, we will present the general workflow of the algorithm as well as discuss its strengths and potential weaknesses. Moreover, we will highlight how the improved scheduling affects the precision of geodetic parameters. In the case of difficult-to-schedule OHG sessions, an improvement in the precision of the geodetic parameters of up to 15% could be identified based on Monte-Carlo simulations, as well as an increase in the number of observations of up to 10% compared to classical scheduling approaches.
description: EGUsphere
Figure S1 from Marker-dependent associations among oxidative stress, growth and survival during early life in a wild mammal
Creators: name: Christensen, Louise L.
name: Selman, Colin
name: Blount, Jonathan D.
name: Pilkington, Jill G.
name: Watt, Kathryn A.
name: Pemberton, Josephine M.
name: Reid, Jane M.
name: Nussy, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Among year variation in oxidative stress markers in Soay sheep lambs
On the geometry of baselines suitable for UT1 estimation with VLBI Intensive sessions
Creators: name: Kern, Lisa
name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Soja, Benedikt
name: Nothnagel, Axel
name: Böhm, Johannes
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: One hour single baseline VLBI sessions, so-called Intensives, are routinely observed to derive UT1-UTC with a short latency. The selection of baselines for VLBI Intensive sessions and their application for the determination of UT1-UTC is a complex task. Thus far, it has been understood that long east-west extensions are critical for the accuracy of UT1-UTC. In this presentation, we show, that the answer is not as simple as that. 

We run Monte-Carlo simulations for a global 10° grid of artificial station locations and discuss the suitability of the individual baselines for UT1-UTC estimation based on the formal error of dUT1. The antennas are located at latitudes of -80° to 80° and longitudes of 0° to 180° and are assumed to have the same properties than the WETTZ13S telescope. The nine stations at longitude 0° on the northern hemisphere are defined as reference stations. In total, 2898 possible baselines between the reference stations and other artificial stations are investigated over one year based on monthly schedules to minimize potential seasonal variations. Thus, with this study, it is possible to derive a complete picture of which baselines are most suitable for dUT1 estimates. 

In general, the findings show optimal global geometries concerning Intensives. For example, we can confirm that the IVS-INT1 baseline including the stations Kokee and Wettzell is among the best ones available. Furthermore, we show that north-south baselines are also sensitive to dUT1 as long as their orientations are not parallel to the Earth rotation axis. Moreover, we highlight that east-west baselines on the equator are not suitable for estimating dUT1 due to the lack of variety in right-ascension of the visible sources. Additionally, we highlight, that very long baselines are problematic due to the highly restricted mutual visibility.
description: EGUsphere
title: 19. Chant bati par Adisé Mändäfro
Creators: name: Wion, Anaïs
name: Bolay, Anne
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Des poèmes en l'honneur d'Anne Bolay sont lancés.
Auditory mismatch responses are differentially sensitive to
changes in muscarinic acetylcholine versus dopamine receptor
function
Creators: name: Weber, Lilian A.E.
name: Tomiello, Sara
name: Schöbi, Dario
name: Wellstein, Katharina V.
name: Müller, Daniel
name: Iglesias, Sandra
name: Stephan, Klaas
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: mismatch negativity
acetylcholine
dopamine
NMDA receptor
schizophrenia

description: bioRxiv
VGOS Intensives Ishioka-Onsala
Creators: name: Haas, Rüdiger
name: Varenius, Eskil
name: Diamantidis, Periklis-Konstantinos
name: Matsumotu, Saho
name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Nilsson, Tobias
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: The VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) is the VLBI contribution to GGOS. During the last years, several VGOS stations have been established, the VGOS observation program has started, and by 2021 VGOS has achieved an operational state involving nine international VGOS stations. Further VGOS stations are currently being installed, so that the number of active VGOS stations will increase drastically in the near future. In the end of 2019 the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) decided to start a new and so-far experimental VGOS-Intensive series, called VGOS-B, involving Ishioka (Japan) and Onsala (Sweden). Both sites operate modern VGOS stations with 13.2~m diameter radio telescopes, i.e. ISHIOKA (IS) in Japan, and ONSA13NE (OE) and ONSA13SW (OW) in Sweden. In total 12 VGOS-B sessions were observed between December 2019 and February 2020, one every week, in parallel and simultaneously to legacy S/X INT1 Intensive sessions that involve the stations KOKEE (KK) on Hawaii and WETTZELL (WZ) in Germany. These 1-hour long VGOS-B sessions consist of more than fifty radio source observations, resulting in about 1.6 TB of raw data that are collected at each station. The scheduling of the VGOS-B sessions was done using VieSched++ and the subsequent steps (correlation, fringe-fitting, database creation) were carried out at the Onsala Space Observatory using DIFX and HOPS. The resulting VGOS databases were  analysed with several VLBI analysis software packages, involving nuSolve, c5++ and ASCOT. In this presentation, we give an overview on the VGOS-B series, present our experiences, and discuss the obtained results. The derived UT1-UTC results were compared to corresponding results from standard legacy S/X Intensive sessions (INT1/INT2), as well to the final values of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Frame Service (IERS), provided in IERS Bulletin~B. 
The VGOS-B series achieve 3-4 times lower formal uncertainties for the UT1-UTC results than standard legacy S/X INT series.  Furthermore, the root mean square (RMS) agreement with respect to the IERS Bulletin B is 30-40 % better for the VGOS-B results than for the INT1/INT2 results.
description: EGUsphere
Just-in-time Adaptive Mechanisms of Popular Mobile Applications for Individuals with Depression: Systematic Review
Creators: name: Teepe, Gisbert
name: Da Fonseca, Ashish
name: Kleim, Birgit
name: Jacobson, Nicolas C.
name: Salamanca-Sanabria, Alicia
name: Tudor Car, Lorainne
name: Fleisch, Elgar
name: Kowatsch, Tobias
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Digital health interventions
digital health
just-in-time adaptive interventions
mental health

description: Background: There is an increasing number of smartphone applications (apps) focusing on prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of depression. A promising approach to increase the effectiveness while reducing the individual’s burden is the use of just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) mechanisms.
Objective: With this work, we systematically assess the use of JITAI mechanisms in apps for individuals with depression.
Methods: We systematically searched for apps addressing depression in the Apple App Store, the Google Play Store, and in curated lists from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, the United Kingdom National Health Service, and the American Psychological Association in August 2020. Relevant apps were ranked according to the number of reviews (Apple App Store) or downloads (Google Play Store). For each app, two authors separately reviewed all publications concerning the app found within scientific databases (PubMed, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar), publications cited on the app’s website, information on the app’s website, and the app itself.
Results: None of the 28 reviewed apps used JITAI mechanisms to tailor content to situations or individuals. Three apps did not use any measurements, 20 apps exclusively used self-reports that are insufficient to leverage the full potential of JITAIs, and the five apps employing self-reports and passive measurements used them as progress or task indicators only. While 23 of the 68 reviewed publications investigated the effectiveness and 14 publications investigated the efficacy of the apps, not one publication mentioned or evaluated JITAI mechanisms.
Conclusions: Promising JITAI mechanisms have not yet been translated into mainstream depression apps. The lack of publications investigating whether JITAI mechanisms lead to an increase of the apps’ effectiveness or efficacy highlights the need for further research, especially in real-world apps.
description: Journal of Medical Internet Research
description: ISSN:1438-8871
Appendix Table S2 from Marker-dependent associations among oxidative stress, growth and survival during early life in a wild mammal
Creators: name: Christensen, Louise L.
name: Selman, Colin
name: Blount, Jonathan D.
name: Pilkington, Jill G.
name: Watt, Kathryn A.
name: Pemberton, Josephine M.
name: Reid, Jane M.
name: Nussy, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Linear mixed models of markers of oxidative stress in response to growth rate in Soay sheep lambs
Single Shot Broadband Terahertz Detection
Creators: name: Ruge, Amon
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Terahertz detection
subject: 500 Natural sciences and mathematics::530 Physics::530 Physics

description: Terahertz (THz) spectral range covers frequencies from 0.1 to 50 THz [1]. Due to its photon energy, THz radiation is a powerful tool for low-energy excitations. The excitation of spin-waves [2], phonons [3; 4], and ionization of excitons [5] are possible. Additionally, ultrafast spin dynamics can be investigated by the study of THz emission [6]. There are multiple sources to generate THz radiation. Firstly, photoconductive antennas, which are used for linear THz spectroscopy with limited bandwidth <6 THz [7; 8]. Secondly, organic crystals with a bandwidth from 1-10 THz and a major detriment of having gaps in their emission spectrum [9]. Thirdly, the lithium niobate crystal (LiNbO3) with a bandwidth of 0.1-2.5 THz creates high peak amplitudes for non-linear THz spectroscopy [10; 11]. Lastly, the spintronic terahertz emitter covers a range of 0.3-15 THz [12] and was recently improved to match its peak amplitude to the commonly used LiNbO3 [13]. With regards to detection, usually, electro-optic sampling (EOS) using a pump-probe scheme is utilized [14]. With this, a multi-shot approach is used by which the timing between the THz pump and probe is modified to measure the temporal change in the refractive index of the material, which is proportional to the THz amplitude [15]. This approach has some disadvantages. The shot-to-shot fluctuations (noise) of the multiple sampling pulses may easily exceed small signal amplitudes. Therefore, a long averaging time is necessary to obtain an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The single-shot EOS (SEOS) could overcome these drawbacks because it requires only one probe pulse to measure the time-resolved change in the refractive index of the material over the whole duration of the THz pulse [17]. This work showcases the successful implementation of a single-shot approach for broadband THz detection. The efficacy of this approach was ascertained through a comparison with the established multi-shot EOS (MEOS) methodology. Furthermore, to gain deeper insights into the underlying dynamics at play, theoretical modeling of the SEOS technique was also carried 3 out. Collectively, these investigations provide a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations offered by the SEOS approach in THz detection.
The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland in Central Europe
Creators: name: Li, Yafei
name: Aemisegger, Franziska
name: Riedl, Andreas
name: Buchmann, Nina
name: Eugster, Werner
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020

description: In a warmer climate, non-rainfall water (hereafter NRW) formed from dew and fog potentially plays an increasingly important role in temperate grassland ecosystems under the scarcity of precipitation over prolonged periods. Dew and radiation fog occur in combination during clear and calm nights, and both use ambient water vapor as a source. Research on the combined mechanisms involved in NRW inputs to ecosystems are rare, and the condensation of soil-diffusing vapor, as one of the NRW input pathways for dew formation, has hardly been studied at all. The aim of this paper is thus to investigate the different NRW input pathways into a temperate Swiss grassland at Chamau during prolonged dry periods in summer 2018. We measured the isotopic compositions (δ18O, δ2H, and d = δ2H − 8 · δ18O) of both ambient water vapor and the NRW droplets on leaf surfaces combined with eddy covariance and meteorological measurements during one dew-only and two combined dew and radiation fog events. We employed a simple two end-member mixing model using δ18O and δ2H to split the dew input pathways from different sources. Our results showed a decrease of 0.8–5.5 mmol mol−1 in volumetric water vapor mixing ratio and a decrease of 4.8–16.7 ‰ in ambient water vapor δ2H due to dew formation and radiation fog droplet deposition. A nighttime maximum in ambient water vapor δ18O (−15.5 ‰ to −14.3 ‰) and a 3.4–3.7 ‰ decrease in ambient water vapor d were observed for dew formation in unsaturated conditions. In conditions of slight super-saturation, a stronger decrease of ambient water vapor δ18O (0.3–1.5 ‰) and a minimum of ambient water vapor d (−6.0 ‰ to −4.7 ‰) were observed. The combined foliage NRW and ambient water vapor δ18O and δ2H suggested two different input pathways: (1) condensation of ambient water vapor and (2) of soil-diffusing vapor. The latter contributed 9–42 % to the total foliage NRW. The dew and radiation fog potentially produced 0.06–0.39 mm night−1 NRW gain on foliage, which was comparable with 2.8 mm day−1 daytime evapotranspiration. The ambient water vapor d was correlated and anti-correlated with ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity respectively, suggesting an only minor influence of large-scale air advection and highlighted the dominant role of local moisture as a source for ambient water vapor. Our results thus highlight the importance of NRW inputs to temperate grasslands during prolonged dry periods and reveal the complexity of the local water cycle in such conditions including different pathways of water deposition.
description: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
description: ISSN:1812-2116
description: ISSN:1812-2108
Effects of common artificial sweeteners at environmentally relevant concentrations on soil springtails and their gut microbiota
Creators: name: Lin, Xiang-Long
name: Guo, Fei
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
name: Chen, Chun
name: Duan, Gui-Lan
name: Zhu, Yong-Guan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial sweeteners
subject: Soil springtails
subject: Toxicity effects
subject: Multigenerational exposure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Artificial sweeteners (AS) are extensively utilized as sugar substitutes and have been recognized as emerging environmental contaminants. While the effect of AS on aquatic organisms has garnered recent attention, their effects on soil invertebrates and gut microbial communities remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed springtails (Folsomia candida) to both single and combined treatments of four typical AS (sucralose [SUC], saccharin [SAC], cyclamate [CYC], and acesulfame [ACE]) at environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg kg−1 in soil. Following the first-generational exposure, the reproduction of juveniles showed a significant increase under all the AS treatments of 0.1 mg kg−1. The transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathways (e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism, ribosome, and lysosome) in springtails under all AS treatments. Analysis of gut bacterial microbiota indicated that three AS (SUC, CYC, and ACE) significantly decreased alpha diversity, and all AS treatments increased the abundance of the genus Achromobacter. After the sixth-generational exposure to CYC, weight increased, but reproduction was inhibited. The pathways that changed significantly (e.g., extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, lysosome) were generally similar to those altered in first-generational exposure, but with opposite regulation directions. Furthermore, the effect on the alpha diversity of gut microbiota was contrary to that after first-generational exposure, and more noticeable disturbances in microbiota composition were observed. These findings underscore the ecological risk of AS in soils and improve our understanding of the toxicity effects of AS on living organisms.
Appendix Table S1 from Marker-dependent associations among oxidative stress, growth and survival during early life in a wild mammal
Creators: name: Christensen, Louise L.
name: Selman, Colin
name: Blount, Jonathan D.
name: Pilkington, Jill G.
name: Watt, Kathryn A.
name: Pemberton, Josephine M.
name: Reid, Jane M.
name: Nussy, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and p-values for correlations between different markers of oxidative stress
Appendix 1 from Community trait overdispersion due to trophic interactions: concerns for assembly process inference
Creators: name: Pontarp, Mikael
name: Petchey, Owen L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: ESM tables and figures
Advanced spectroscopic investigation of colour centres in LiF crystals irradiated with monochromatic hard x-rays
Creators: name: Vincenti, M. A.
name: Montereali, R. M.
name: Bonfigli, F.
name: Nichelatti, E.
name: Nigro, V.
name: Piccinini, M.
name: Koenig, M.
name: Mabey, P.
name: Rigon, G.
name: Dabrowski, H. J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: lithium fluoride
subject: colour centres
subject: photoluminescence
subject: monochromatic hard x-rays
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Nominally-pure lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals were irradiated with monochromatic hard x-rays of energy 5, 7, 9 and 12 keV at the METROLOGIE beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility, in order to understand the role of the selected x-ray energy on their visible photoluminescence (PL) response, which is used for high spatial resolution 2D x-ray imaging detectors characterized by a wide dynamic range. At the energies of 7 and 12 keV the irradiations were performed at five different doses corresponding to five uniformly irradiated areas, while at 5 and 9 keV only two irradiations at two different doses were carried out. The doses were planned in a range between 4 and 1.4 × 103 Gy (10.5 mJ cm−3 to 3.7 J cm−3), depending on the x-ray energy. After irradiation at the energies of 7 and 12 keV, the spectrally-integrated visible PL intensity of the F2 and F3+ colour centres (CCs) generated in the LiF crystals, carefully measured by fluorescence microscopy under blue excitation, exhibits a linear dependence on the irradiation dose in the investigated dose range. This linear behaviour was confirmed by the optical absorption spectra of the irradiated spots, which shows a similar linear behaviour for both the F2 and F3+ CCs, as derived from their overlapping absorption band at around 450 nm. At the highest x-ray energy, the average concentrations of the radiation-induced F, F2 and F3+ CCs were also estimated. The volume distributions of F2 defects in the crystals irradiated with 5 and 9 keV x-rays were reconstructed in 3D by measuring their PL signal using a confocal laser scanning microscope operating in fluorescence mode. On-going investigations are focusing on the results obtained through this z-scanning technique to explore the potential impact of absorption effects at the excitation laser wavelength.
title: EL USO DEL TÉRMINO VISIONARIO COMO ARGUMENTO PUBLICITARIO: EL CASO DEL CINE DE TARSEM SINGH
title: El significado del cine visionario
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: University of Cádiz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: En honor también a la restauración de la película The Fall de 2006 de Tarsem Singh, esta tesis universitaria toma como ejemplo principal esta película y, más generalmente, la obra del director Tarsem para explicar y comprender qué es el cine visionario.

Con la partecipación especial del director de fotografía Colin Watkinson, cuya entrevista se puede econtrar en el apartado "anexos".
Unpacking the navigation toolbox: insights from comparative cognition
Creators: name: Jeffery, Kate J.
name: Cheng, Ken
name: Newcombe, Nora S.
name: Bingman, Verner P.
name: Menzel, Randolf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: navigation
subject: spatial cognition
subject: cognitive map
subject: vector
subject: route
subject: wayfinding
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The study of navigation is informed by ethological data from many species, laboratory investigation at behavioural and neurobiological levels, and computational modelling. However, the data are often species-specific, making it challenging to develop general models of how biology supports behaviour. Wiener et al. outlined a framework for organizing the results across taxa, called the ‘navigation toolbox’ (Wiener et al. In Animal thinking: contemporary issues in comparative cognition (eds R Menzel, J Fischer), pp. 51–76). This framework proposes that spatial cognition is a hierarchical process in which sensory inputs at the lowest level are successively combined into ever-more complex representations, culminating in a metric or quasi-metric internal model of the world (cognitive map). Some animals, notably humans, also use symbolic representations to produce an external representation, such as a verbal description, signpost or map that allows communication of spatial information or instructions between individuals. Recently, new discoveries have extended our understanding of how spatial representations are constructed, highlighting that the hierarchical relationships are bidirectional, with higher levels feeding back to influence lower levels. In the light of these new developments, we revisit the navigation toolbox, elaborate it and incorporate new findings. The toolbox provides a common framework within which the results from different taxa can be described and compared, yielding a more detailed, mechanistic and generalized understanding of navigation.
Figure S3 from Positive selection of the TRIM family regulatory region in primate genomes
Creators: name: He, Dan-Dan
name: Yueer Lu
name: Gittelman, Rachel
name: Yabin Jin
name: Ling, Fei
name: Akey Joshua
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Viral selection pressure has acted on restriction factors that play an important role in innate immune system by inhibiting the replication of viruses during primate evolution. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family members are some of these restriction factors. It is becoming increasingly clear that gene expression differences, rather than protein-coding regions changes, could play a vital role in the anti-retroviral immune mechanism. Increasingly, recent studies have created genome-scale catalogues of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), which demark potentially functional regulatory DNA. To improve our understanding of the molecular evolution mechanism of antiviral differences between species, we leveraged 14 130 DHSs derived from 145 cell types to characterize the regulatory landscape of the TRIM region. Subsequently, we compared the alignments of the DHSs across six primates and found 375 DHSs that are conserved in non-human primates but exhibit significantly accelerated rates of evolution in the human lineage (haDHSs). Furthermore, we discovered 31 human-specific potential transcription factor motifs within haDHSs, including the KROX and SP1, that both interact with HIV-1. Importantly, the corresponding haDHS was correlated with antiviral factor TRIM23. Thus, our results suggested that some viruses may contribute, through regulatory DNA differences, to organismal evolution by mediating TRIM gene expression to escape immune surveillance.
Research Data Management practices for every day
Creators: name: Pauly, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials engineering
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: Research Data Management
subject: NFDI-MatWerk

description: Presentation on some basic RDM principles held at a spring school for undergraduate materials science students of the AMASE program at Saarland University in April 2024, organized by EUSMAT (https://www.eusmat.net/). Introduces concepts for proper file naming and folder structures.