cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Revenue Insurance as an Income Stabilization Policy: An Application to the Spanish Olive Oil Sector
Creators: name: Bielza, Maria
name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Sumpsi, Jose Maria
name: Bielza, Maria
name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Sumpsi, Jose Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: revenue insurance
subject: olive oil sector

description: Various forms of revenue insurance have been applied in Canada and in the US with relative success. In this paper different combinations of traditional agricultural policies and revenue and yield insurance are analysed for the Spanish olive oil sector. Taking a database containing about half million Spanish olive growers during 8 campaigns, five possible policies are studied and the results are examined according to different criteria including average revenue and its variability, growers utility gains, taxpayers cost and the transfer efficiency of support. The policies analysed are: (1) non-intervention; (2) the policy currently in force in Spain that combines a production aid with a yield insurance; (3) a revenue insurance, only; (4) revenue insurance combined with a production aid; and (5) an aid per tree in combination with revenue insurance. The methodology is based on Monte-Carlo simulations performed on about 100 groups of growers that have been grouped according to their expected yields and variability. Assuming and estimating olive oil price and yields correlations for each group of growers, the analysis allows for consistent policy comparisons at a very disaggregate level. Using the results for all analysed groups, policies are ranked based on the above criteria at the provincial and national levels. Results show that the current regime of EU production aids of olive oil eliminates the advantage of extending the current yield insurance to a revenue insurance. It is also shown that the level of support delivered by production aids cannot be reached with revenue insurance even with completely subsidised premiums. Finally, it is shown that the policy that combines tree aids with revenue insurance exhibits good results for all examining criteria.
Provision of Public Goods in the Transition Process: Empirical Evidence on Access to Health Care in Rural Regions of Russia
Creators: name: Lohlein, Daniela
name: Jutting, Johannes Paul
name: Wehrheim, Peter
name: Lohlein, Daniela
name: Jutting, Johannes Paul
name: Wehrheim, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Russia
subject: transition process
subject: public goods
subject: health care
subject: rural development

description: The objective of the paper is to identify the determinants of access to health care in rural Russia. We started out with the observation that the transition process has affected the provision of social services in the Russian Federation in general, and in rural areas in particular, owing to the overlap with agricultural reforms. Based on this observation we asked how the reduced role of the state and the concomitant decentralization of policy making has affected access of the rural populace to social services. A review of the available literature on this topic resulted in the formulation of the following three hypotheses. Firstly, that income is a determinant of access to health care. Secondly, that informal payments play an important role in determining access, and thirdly that there are large differences in access to health care services between districts. The hypotheses were tested using household data from a survey conducted in two regions of Russia in 2000. The results indicate that in the study regions, contrary to expectations, neither income nor informal payments are important determinants of access. However, there are large differences in out-of-pocket expenditures between districts, indicating that access to health care varies between districts.
Tunable conductance of magnetic nanowires with structured domain walls
Creators: name: Dugaev, V. K.
name: Berakdar, J.
name: Barnas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in a magnetic nanowire with double magnetic domain walls, quantum interference results in spin-split quasistationary states localized mainly between the domain walls. Spin-flip-assisted transmission through the domain structure increases strongly when these size-quantized states are tuned on resonance with the Fermi energy, e.g. upon varying the distance between the domain walls which results in resonance-type peaks of the wire conductance. This novel phenomena is shown to be utilizable to manipulate the spin density in the domain vicinity. The domain walls parameters are readily controllable and the predicted effect is hence exploitable in spintronic devices.
description: 4 pages with 4 figures
Exciton oscillator strength in two-dimensional Dirac materials
Creators: name: Leppenen, N. V.
name: Golub, L. E.
name: Ivchenko, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciton problem is solved in the two-dimensional Dirac model with allowance for strong electron-hole attraction. The exciton binding energy is assumed smaller than but comparable to the band gap. The exciton wavefunction is found in the momentum space as a superposition of all four two-particle states including electron and hole states with both positive and negative energies. The matrix element of exciton generation is shown to depend on the additional components of the exciton wavefunction. Both the Coulomb and the Rytova-Keldysh potentials are considered. The dependence of the binding energy on the coupling constant is analyzed for the ground and first excited exciton states. The binding energy and the oscillator strength are studied as functions of the environmental-dependent dielectric constant for real transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. We demonstrate that the multicomponent nature of the exciton wavefunction is crucial for description of resonant optical properties of two-dimensional Dirac systems.
D3.4 RURITAGE Heritage-led regeneration plans for Replicators
Creators: name: Elisabet, Åberg Hanna
name: Claudia, De Luca
name: Angela, Santangelo
name: Simona, Tondelli
name: Conticelli Elisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Rural Regeneration, participatory planning, heritage-led regeneration strategies, co-development

description: This deliverable is part of the work of the RURITAGE project. It summarizes the results of Task 3.3 “Co-development of innovative heritage-led regeneration Plans” in Replicators and builds on findings and activities coming from WP1, WP2, WP3, WP4 and WP7, as detailed explained in the following paragraph. The heritage-led regeneration plans presented in this deliverable will be then implemented in the framework of Task 3.5.
Finite group symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Gaeta, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite group symmetry is commonplace in Physics, in particular through crystallographic groups occurring in condensed matter physics -- but also through the inversions (C,P,T and their combinations) occurring in high energy physics and field theory. The breaking of finite groups symmetry has thus been thoroughly studied, and general approaches exist to investigate it. In Landau theory, the state of a system is described by a finite dimensional variable (the {\it order parameter}), and physical states correspond to minima of a potential, invariant under a group. In this article we describe the basics of symmetry breaking analysis for systems described by a symmetric polynomial; in particular we discuss generic symmetry breakings, i.e. those determined by the symmetry properties themselves and independent on the details of the polynomial describing a concrete system. We also discuss how the plethora of invariant polynomials can be to some extent reduced by means of changes of coordinates, i.e. how one can reduce to consider certain types of polynomials with no loss of generality. Finally, we will give some indications on extension of this theory, i.e. on how one deals with symmetry breakings for more general groups and/or more general physical systems.
Assessing the Perspectives of EU Cotton Farming: Technical and Scale Efficiencies of Greek Cotton Growers
Creators: name: Pantzios, Christos J.
name: Rozakis, Stelios
name: Tzouvelekas, Vangelis
name: Pantzios, Christos J.
name: Rozakis, Stelios
name: Tzouvelekas, Vangelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Technical and scale inefficiency
subject: stochastic frontier models
subject: cotton production
subject: Greece

description: Utilizing the stochastic frontier approach, this paper estimates output and input-oriented technical and scale efficiency levels for a sample of cotton-growing farms in Thessaly, Greece. The empirical results suggest that Greek cotton farm operations are technically and scale inefficient. There is a considerable scope for improvement in resource use and thereby in farm income of cotton farms; Greek cotton farmers could reduce production costs by 20.4%, making more efficient utilization of the existing production technology. Factors responsible for the technical efficiency differentials observed among cotton-growers include the farmer's age and education as well as the farm's land fragmentation and output specialization.
Change of decoherence scenario and appearance of localization due to reservoir anharmonicity
Creators: name: Machnikowski, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although coupling to a super-Ohmic bosonic reservoir leads only to partial dephasing on short time scales, exponential decay of coherence appears in the Markovian limit (for long times) if anharmonicity of the reservoir is taken into account. This effect not only qualitatively changes the decoherence scenario but also leads to localization processes in which superpositions of spatially separated states dephase with a rate that depends on the distance between the localized states. As an example of the latter process, we study the decay of coherence of an electron state delocalized over two semiconductor quantum dots due to anharmonicity of phonon modes.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; moderate changes; auxiliary material added; to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
The atomic gas of star-forming galaxies at z$\sim$0.05 as revealed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
Creators: name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Ibar, Edo
name: Du, Wei
name: Molina, Juan
name: Orellana-Gonzáles, Gustavo
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Zhu, Ming
name: Xu, Cong Kevin
name: Wu, Shumei
name: Cao, Tianwen
name: Huang, Jia-Sheng
name: Leiton, Roger
name: Hughes, Thomas M.
name: He, Chuan
name: Li, Zijian
name: Xu, Hai
name: Dai, Y. Sophia
name: Shao, Xu
name: Musin, Marat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new HI observations of four z$\sim$0.05 star-forming galaxies undertaken during the commissioning phase of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST). FAST is the largest single-dish telescope with a 500 meter aperture and a 19-Beam receiver. Exploiting the unprecedented sensitivity provided by FAST, we aim to study the atomic gas, via the HI 21cm emission line, in low-$z$ star-forming galaxies taken from the Valparaíso ALMA/APEX Line Emission Survey (VALES) project. Together with previous ALMA CO($J=1-0$) observations, the HI data provides crucial information to measure the gas mass and dynamics. As a pilot HI survey, we targeted four local star-forming galaxies at $z\sim0.05$. In particular, one of them has already been detected in HI by the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey (ALFALFA), allowing a careful comparison. We use an ON-OFF observing approach that allowed us to reach an rms of 0.7mJy/beam at a 1.7km/s velocity resolution within only 20 minutes ON-target integration time. We demonstrate the great capabilities of the FAST 19-beam receiver for pushing the detectability of the HI emission line of extra-galactic sources. The HI emission line detected by FAST shows good consistency with the previous ALFALFA results. Our observations are put in context with previous multi-wavelength data to reveal the physical properties of these low-$z$ galaxies. We find that the CO($J=1-0$) and HI emission line profiles are similar. The dynamical mass estimated from the HI data is an order of magnitude higher than the baryon mass and the dynamical mass derived from the CO observations, implying that the mass probed by dynamics of HI is dominated by the dark matter halo. In one case, a target shows an excess of CO($J=1-0$) in the line centre, which can be explained by an enhanced CO($J=1-0$) emission induced by a nuclear starburst showing high velocity dispersion.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 appendix, A&A Letter accepted
Analytical studies of a 49-storey eccentric braced building
Creators: name: Safai, Aliyeh Jowrkesh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this research is to study the seismic behaviour of a well instrumented 49-storey steel frame building in San Francisco, California. The building was subjected to ground motions from the Loma Prieta earthquake (M[sub s] = 7.1) of October 17, 1989. During the earthquake the building response appeared to remain in the elastic range. In recent years, serious efforts have been undertaken to develop the concept of energy dissipation or supplemental damping into a workable technology, and a number of these devices have been installed in structures throughout the world. The focus of this study was a comparative study between dynamic behaviour of an instrumented 49-storey eccentrically braced frame building and dynamic behaviour of the same building with the eccentric braces replaced with a friction damper energy dissipation system. In addition to study of passive energy systems, a study of floor response spectra was also carried out, and the results were compared with the results using National Building Code of Canada (NBCC, 1995) and Uniform Building Code (UBC, 1997) regulations. Detailed three-dimensional linear and nonlinear dynamic computer analyses of the building was carried out for the eccentric braced and the comparative friction damped case, respectively. The results from the frequency domain system identification analyses was utilized to make verify the assumptions made and to match the results of numerical analyses with the recorded values. The results of this study showed that by performing a linear three-dimensional analysis, the actual response of the building during past earthquake could be reproduced with confidence. The hypothetical friction damped building behaved very well substantially reducing the storey force demand and relative storey displacements.
A Multiwavelength Study of the Massive Cool Core Cluster MACS J1447.4+0827
Creators: name: Prasow-Émond, M.
name: Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.
name: Rhea, C. L.
name: Latulippe, M.
name: Gendron-Marsolais, M. -L.
name: Richard-Laferrière, A.
name: Sanders, J. S.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Allen, S. W.
name: Mantz, A.
name: von der Linden, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters of galaxies are outstanding laboratories for understanding the physics of supermassive black hole feedback. Here, we present the first \textit{Chandra}, Karl G. Janksy Very Large Array and \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} analysis of MACS J1447.4+0827 ($z = 0.3755$), one of the strongest cool core clusters known, in which extreme feedback from its central supermassive black hole is needed to prevent the hot intracluster gas from cooling. Using this multiwavelength approach, including 70 ks of \textit{Chandra} X-ray observations, we detect the presence of collimated jetted-outflows that coincides with a southern and a northern X-ray cavity. The total mechanical power associated with these outflows ($P_{\mathrm{cav}} \approx 6 \times 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$) is roughly consistent with the energy required to prevent catastrophic cooling of the hot intracluster gas ($L_{\mathrm{cool}} = 1.71 \pm 0.01 \times 10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for t$_\mathrm{cool}$ = 7.7 Gyrs); implying that powerful supermassive black hole feedback has been in place several Giga-years ago in MACS J1447.7+0827. In addition, we detect the presence of a radio mini-halo that extends over 300 kpc in diameter ($P_{1.4 \mathrm{GHz}} = 3.0 \pm 0.3 \times 10^{24}$ W Hz$^{-1}$). The X-ray observations also reveal a $\sim20$ kpc plume-like structure that coincides with optical dusty filaments that surround the central galaxy. Overall, this study demonstrates that the various physical phenomena occurring in the most nearby clusters of galaxies are also occurring in their more distant analogues.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, resubmitted to ApJ (minor corrections)
Systems Analysis by Graph-theoretic Techniques: Assessment of Institutional Linkages in the Agricultural Innovation System of Azerbaijan
Creators: name: Temel, Tugrul T.
name: Janssen, Willem
name: Karimov, Fuad
name: Temel, Tugrul T.
name: Janssen, Willem
name: Karimov, Fuad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Graph theory
subject: systems approach
subject: agricultural innovation system
subject: Azerbaijan.

description: This paper develops a quantitative, graph-theoretic method for analysing systems of institutions. With an application to the agricultural innovation system of Azerbaijan, the method is illustrated in detail. An assessment of existing institutional linkages in the system suggests that efforts should be placed on the development of intermediary institutions to facilitate quick and effective flow of knowledge between the public and the private components of the system. Furthermore, significant accomplishments are yet to come in policy-making, research and education, and credit institutions.
The Morphology-Density relationship in 1
Creators: name: Sazonova, Elizaveta
name: Alatalo, Katherine
name: Lotz, Jennifer
name: Rowlands, Kate
name: Snyder, Gregory F.
name: Boone, Kyle
name: Brodwin, Mark
name: Hayden, Brian
name: Lanz, Lauranne
name: Perlmutter, Saul
name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The morphology-density relationship states that dense cosmic environments such as galaxy clusters have an overabundance of quiescent elliptical galaxies, but it is unclear at which redshift this relationship is first established. We study the morphology of 4 clusters with $1.2
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Importance of Informational Labeling in Exporting Beef to South Korea: Preferences of Retailers, Wholesalers and Importers
Creators: name: Kim, Renee B.
name: Boyd, Milton S.
name: Kim, Renee B.
name: Boyd, Milton S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Informational Labeling
subject: Logit Model
subject: Korea
subject: Beef Export
subject: Quality Preference
subject: Retailers
subject: Wholesalers and Importers

description: Country of origin labeling and brand labeling play important roles in affecting purchasing behavior of buyers in the Korean beef supply chain. This paper presents a model which explain differences in the attitudes and purchase behaviors of three marketing groups regarding country of origin and other important quality attributes. The results show some of the diversity of buyers' attitudes, preferences and willingness to pay for different country of origin and brand of foreign packers in three marketing groups.
Valuing Externalities of Watershed Restoration and Erosion Control Projects in Mediterranean Basins: A Comparative Analysis of the Contingent Valuation and Replacement Cost Methods
Creators: name: Saez, Maria Del Carmen Almansa
name: Calatrava-Requena, Javier
name: Saez, Maria Del Carmen Almansa
name: Calatrava-Requena, Javier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: contingent valuation
subject: replacement cost
subject: cost-benefit analysis
subject: restoration of basins
subject: desertification
subject: reforestation

description: The methodology used for Economic Valuation of the Externalities generated by the Watershead Restoration and Erosion Control Projects in the Hydrographic Basins of the Mediterranean Slope, is based on the Replacement Cost Method. Environmental Economics, however, today offer us other methodological possibilities, whose application to the valuation of this type of project may prove to be of interest. It is the case of the Contingent Valuation Method used for the evaluation of the effects of the Watershead Restoration and Erosion Control Projects of the Aljibe Basin (Almería) Spain, presented here. The results obtained show that, in this case study, application of Contingent Valuation ascribes greater social profitability of the project, with 5.23 % of IRR (Internal Rate of Return), compared to the value obtained using classic methodology of 2.25%, thus enabling us to draw closer to the true socio-environmental value of this type of project. In any case, both possibilities rather than alternatives can be considered as complementary, by focusing on the valuation from different perspectives.
Trempelas, Panagiotis N., Dogmatik der Orthodoxen Katholischen Kirche
Creators: name: Slenczka, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 2 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 2
Testing viscous disc theory using the balance between stellar accretion and external photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Winter, Andrew J.
name: Ansdell, Megan
name: Haworth, Thomas J.
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature and rate of (viscous) angular momentum transport in protoplanetary discs (PPDs) has important consequences for the formation process of planetary systems. While accretion rates onto the central star yield constraints on such transport in the inner regions of a PPD, empirical constraints on viscous spreading in the outer regions remain challenging to obtain. Here we demonstrate a novel method to probe the angular momentum transport at the outer edge of the disc. This method applies to PPDs that have lost a significant fraction of their mass due to thermal winds driven by UV irradiation from a neighbouring OB star. We demonstrate that this external photoevaporation can explain the observed depletion of discs in the 3-5 Myr old $σ$ Orionis region, and use our model to make predictions motivating future empirical investigations of disc winds. For populations of intermediate-age PPDs, in viscous models we show that the mass flux outwards due to angular momentum redistribution is balanced by the mass-loss in the photoevaporative wind. A comparison between wind mass-loss and stellar accretion rates therefore offers an independent constraint on viscous models in the outer regions of PPDs.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS Letters
Household Energy Demand and the Equity and Efficiency Aspects of Subsidy Reform in Indonesia
Creators: name: Olivia, Susan
name: Gibson, John
name: Olivia, Susan
name: Gibson, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Demand elasticities
subject: Energy
subject: Fuels
subject: Subsidies
subject: Unit Values

description: The proper design of price interventions requires consideration of equity and efficiency effects. In this paper, budget survey data from 29,000 Indonesian households are used to estimate a demand system for five energy sources, which is identified by the spatial variation in unit values (expenditures divided by quantities). We correct for the various quality and measurement error biases that result when unit values are used as proxies for market prices. The price elasticities are combined with tax and subsidy rates to calculate the marginal social cost of price changes for each item. The results suggest that even at high levels of inequality aversion there is a strong case for reducing the large subsidies on gasoline and kerosene, supporting the reforms that have been carried out recently.
PROTOCOLO ATENDIMENTO COVID-19 SESMA
Creators: name: Pereira, Átila Augusto Cordeiro
name: Xavier, Marília Brasil
name: Souza, Renato Mauro Vieira
name: Pereira, Kleber Renato Ponzi
name: Filho, André Avelino Costa Nunes
name: Brito, Caio Vinícius Botelho
name: Carneiro, Irna Carla Do Rosário Souza
name: Monteiro, José Tadeu Colares
name: Silva, Maria Inês Caricchio Da
name: Araújo, Rafael Ângelo
name: Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros
name: Carneiro, Thiago Xavier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Covid-19
Protocolo clínico
Atenção em saúde
Serviços de saúde

description: Após declaração de pandemia do novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e dada a relevância epidemiológica e clínica, justifica-se a criação de um protocolo operacional padrão como guia norteador para o atendimento Hospitalar aos pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19, do município de Belém/PA. Toda rede deve estar com atenção redobrada, identificando e definindo medidas de segurança, a fim de minimizar riscos que resultem em eventos adversos, garantindo acesso ao sistema de saúde e apoio domiciliar sempre que necessário. O objetivo deste documento, elaborado por um comitê interno (SESMA) e externo (especialistas de diversas instituição), é ser um norteador para os profissionais das Unidades de Saúde para atuação na identificação, notificação e manejo oportuno de casos suspeitos de infecção humana por SARS-CoV-2, mediante critérios técnicos, científicos e operacionais atualizados, a fim de orientar quanto ao adequado manejo destes pacientes.
AC-Stark effect in a semi-spherical quantum dot
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Arezky H.
name: Meza-Montes, L.
name: Trallero-Giner, C.
name: Ulloa, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical approach to study the effects of an ac-field applied to quantum dots with semi-spherical symmetry. Using the Floquet formalism for this periodically driven system, the time-dependent Hamiltonian in the effective mass approximation is solved. We show that the Hilbert space of solutions is separated into orthogonal subspaces with different $z$-component of the angular momentum. We give an explicit analytical representation for electronic states as a function of the intensity and frequency of the electric field. Under the two level approximation, two particular cases are studied: the low- and high-frequency regimes, which result of comparing the ac-field frequency to the characteristic level splitting at zero field.
description: 3 pages, one figure
Food Safety in a Globalizing World: Opportunities and Challenges for India
Creators: name: Umali-Deininger, Dina
name: Sur, Mona
name: Umali-Deininger, Dina
name: Sur, Mona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Rising incomes and urbanization, an expanding domestic consumer base concerned about food quality and safety, and rapidly growing agricultural exports have been important drivers for the increased attention to food safety in India. But the development of effective food safety systems is hampered by a number of factors, including: restrictive government marketing regulations, weak policy and regulatory framework for food safety, inadequate enforcement of existing standards, a multiplicity of government agencies involved, weak market infrastructure and agricultural support services. The small farm structure further limits farmer capacity to meet increasing domestic and export food safety and SPS requirements. Addressing food safety concerns in India will require adoption of appropriate legislation, strengthening capacity to enforce rules, promoting adoption of good agricultural, manufacturing and hygiene practices, greater collective action, and some targeted investments. Implementing these actions will require joint efforts by the government and the private sector.
Efficiency of Current Drive by Fast Waves
Creators: name: Karney, Charles F. F.
name: Fisch, Nathaniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rosenbluth form for the collision operator for a weakly relativistic plasma is derived. The formalism adopted by Antonsen and Chu can then be used to calculate the efficiency of current drive by fast waves in a relativistic plasma. Accurate numerical results and analytic asymptotic limits for the efficiencies are given.
description: LaTeX 2.09, 22 pages, 5 figures
Supply Chain Management of Fresh Produce: Melons in Western China
Creators: name: Zhang, Yanrong
name: Wei, Sherrie
name: Qiao, Zhixia
name: Zhang, Yanrong
name: Wei, Sherrie
name: Qiao, Zhixia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: melon
subject: China
subject: supply chain
subject: value chain

description: The western part of China has a long history and reputation of growing a variety of quality melons largely due to its semi arid agronomic environment. In the past decade, the industry suffered from the interrelated issues of unreliable quality and intense price competition. Even though both the government and supply chain stakeholders are aware of the problems, there is a need to look at the issues from a supply chain perspective and new ways of managing the melon supply chains are to be explored. This paper analysed the melon supply chain in western China in the areas of logistical efficiency and supply chain relationship management. The results of the analysis offer insights for improving the efficiency of the melon supply chain and the competitiveness the industry. The results also shed lights for other supply chains of fresh produce in developing countries in general.
New physics in $B$ meson mixing: future sensitivity and limitations
Creators: name: Charles, J.
name: Descotes-Genon, S.
name: Ligeti, Z.
name: Monteil, S.
name: Papucci, M.
name: Trabelsi, K.
name: Silva, L. Vale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mixing of neutral mesons is sensitive to some of the highest scales probed in laboratory experiments. In light of the planned LHCb Upgrade II, a possible upgrade of Belle II, and the broad interest in flavor physics in the tera-$Z$ phase of the proposed FCC-ee program, we study constraints on new physics contributions to $B_d$ and $B_s$ mixings which can be obtained in these benchmark scenarios. We explore the limitations of this program, and identify the measurement of $|V_{cb}|$ as one of the key ingredients in which progress beyond current expectations is necessary to maximize future sensitivity. We speculate on possible solutions to this bottleneck. Given the current tension with the standard model (SM) in semileptonic $B$ decays, we explore how its resolution may impact the search for new physics in mixing. Even if new physics has the same CKM and loop suppressions of flavor changing processes as the SM, the sensitivity will reach 2 TeV, and it can be much higher if any SM suppressions are lifted. We illustrate the discovery potential of this program.
Marginal Productivity Analysis of Global Inter-sectoral Water Demand
Creators: name: Strzepek, Kenneth M.
name: Juana, James S.
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Strzepek, Kenneth M.
name: Juana, James S.
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: There is growing evidence that freshwater availability is declining, while competition among sectors for the withdrawal of this scarce resource is rapidly increasing,(Rosegrant et a, 2002). Therefore, the need to promote inter-sectoral water use efficiency from the demand-side management has necessitated a study to investigate the responsiveness of different productive sectors and sub-sectors to water prices. Extracting data from the GTAP and UNIDO databases and adopting the marginal productive approach by Wang and Lall (2002),and using the two-stage-least squares method, the translog production function is estimated, from which the output and price elasticities and the marginal value of water is computed for thirteen sectors. The results indicate that generally, water use by all the production sectors is fairly price elastic, implying that water price could be used to improve water use efficiency. However, there are varying degrees of price elasticities of sectoral water demand for the different sectors. The results also suggest that, to improve industrial water use efficiency, water prices should at least reflect the marginal value of water in the different sectors. This policy should be used in complimented with other mandatory policies like fixed quantity of freshwater intake by industries, water treatment and recycling, effluent charges etc.
Economic Liberalization and Rural Land and Labour Markets in India: A Study
Creators: name: Gandhi, Vasant P.
name: Gandhi, Vasant P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Reform
subject: Land
subject: Labour
subject: Development
subject: Poverty

description: The paper examines the rural land and labour markets in the context of economic liberalization in India. Land and labour are the two fundamental resources available to the rural people for income generation. The access to land and to employment for labour become basic determinants of well-being for the rural households. Reforms are often seen as hostile to rural areas and the poor, although they should be beneficial not only for overall growth, but also rural growth and poverty alleviation. The study based on primary household data examines the land and labour markets in the reform period and the underlying linkages of these to different characteristics of the household. The study finds that over the reform period in India the land markets are leading to less landlessness rather than more, and growth in marginal and medium farm sizes rather than large. Lease markets are leading to operated land in more hands. Land purchase behaviour is related to less land, more education, greater crop diversification, and higher crop and livestock revenues. Leasing-in is also related to many of the same variables and is showing great diversity in lease agreements involving outputs, inputs and rent. Labour-employment is showing diversity of occupations but the primary dependence on agriculture is still about 80 percent. There has been some change in the occupational structure. Nonfarm employment is associated with higher overall employment. Own-farm employment is strongly related to crop diversification and livestock activity; other farm employment to number of male and female family members and irrigation; and non-farm employment to education. Broadly, liberalization does not show adverse consequences but rather some positive impact on rural land and labour markets.
The Impact of Natural and Manmade Disasters on Household Welfare
Creators: name: Sawada, Yasuyuki
name: Sawada, Yasuyuki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In this paper, we provide selective evidence on the impact of natural and manmade disasters on household welfare. First, we consider ex ante risk management and ex post risk-coping behaviors separately, showing evidence from the Asian economic crisis, earthquakes, and tsunami disasters. Second, we differentiate idiosyncratic risks which can be diversified away through mutual insurance from non-diversifiable aggregate risks which characterize a disaster. We also discuss the difficulties of designing index-type insurance against natural disasters, which are often rare, unforeseen events. Then, we investigate the role of self-insurance against large-scale disasters under which formal or informal mutual insurance mechanisms are largely ineffective. Credit accessibility is identified as one of the key factors facilitating risk-coping strategies. We also discuss public policy issues of emergency aid after disasters.
The Dynamics of Chinese Rural Households' Participation in Labor Markets
Creators: name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Herzfeld, Thomas
name: Wang, Xiaobing
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Herzfeld, Thomas
name: Wang, Xiaobing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Labor market participation
subject: dynamic analysis
subject: China
subject: hazard model
subject: rural households

description: The work focuses on the frequency of each possible transition between labor market participation regimes of rural Chinese households. A continuous hazard approach is applied to empirically evaluate factors, as household, farm, and regional characteristics affecting the frequency of transition between labor market participation states. Results suggest that there are frequent changes of labor market participations regimes among the househo lds. Given the change in external conditions and other factor end owments this might indicate that households quickly response in allocating labor in order to equilibrate the resources. Further, we find that there are good chances climbing out of autarky; however the probability to fall in autarky was also remarkable over time.
Sensitivity forecasts for the cosmological recombination radiation in the presence of foregrounds
Creators: name: Hart, Luke
name: Rotti, Aditya
name: Chluba, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological recombination radiation (CRR) is one of the inevitable $Λ$CDM spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). While it shows a rich spectral structure across dm-mm wavelengths, it is also one of the smallest signals to target. Here we carry out a detailed forecast for the expected sensitivity levels required to not only detect but also extract cosmological information from the CRR in the presence of foregrounds. We use ${\tt CosmoSpec}$ to compute the CRR including all important radiative transfer effects and modifications to the recombination dynamics. We confirm that detections of the overall CRR signal are possible with spectrometer concepts like ${\it SuperPIXIE}$. However, for real exploitation of the cosmological information, a $\simeq 50$ times more sensitive spectrometer is required. While extremely futuristic, this could provide independent constraints on the primordial helium abundance, $Y_p$, and probe the presence of extra relativistic degrees of freedom during BBN and recombination. Significantly improving the constraints on other cosmological parameters requires even higher sensitivity (another factor of $\simeq 5$) when considering a combination of a CMB spectrometer with existing CMB data. To a large part this is due to astrophysical foregrounds which interestingly do not degrade the constraints on $Y_p$ and $N_{\rm eff}$ as much. A future CMB spectrometer could thus open a novel way of probing non-standard BBN scenarios, dark radiation and sterile neutrinos. In addition, inflation physics could be indirectly probed using the CRR in combination with existing and forthcoming CMB anisotropy data.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, submitted to MNRAS
Valuation of Cow Attributes by Conjoint Analysis: A Case Study in Western Kenya
Creators: name: Makokha, Stella Nabwile
name: Karugia, Joseph Thuo
name: Staal, Steven J.
name: Oluoch-Kosura, Willis
name: Makokha, Stella Nabwile
name: Karugia, Joseph Thuo
name: Staal, Steven J.
name: Oluoch-Kosura, Willis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: cow attributes
subject: conjoint
subject: marginal willingness to accept
subject: marginal willingness to pay

description: The objective of the study was to determine the value that different households attach to attributes of the dairy cow. The cow attributes were, milk yield, disease resistance, feed requirement. The valuation was done in order to quantify the economic trade-offs made during adoption of dairy technologies, assess resource availability, households perceptions on dairy technologies and their farming priorities. This was necessary to understand the adoption patterns of dairy technologies observed and suggest intervention. The Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS), Marginal Willingness to Pay (mWTP), and Marginal Willingness to Accept (mWTA) that were used were determined from conjoint (CJ) analysis using data from a survey of 630 households in Western Kenya. The household characteristics that influenced valuation were off-farm income, precipitation over evapo-transpiration (PPE), ethnicity, cultural values, education, and extension. In reference to the typical households, household characteristics that showed a higher mWTP for a cow with low feed requirement implied either scarcity of feed, high opportunity cost of using land for fodder or lack of information on feed resources. The latter indicates inefficiency in resource use. A higher mWTP for a cow with high milk yield gave an indication of the households' priorities. A mWTA payment for a cow with high milk yield in the face of potential markets showed different farming priorities and lack of information. A mWTA payment for a cow with low disease resistance shows risk aversion and limited information on disease control.
Single top-quark production by direct supersymmetric flavor-changing neutral-current interactions at the LHC
Creators: name: Guasch, Jaume
name: Hollik, Wolfgang
name: Penaranda, Siannah
name: Sola, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Production of (electrically neutral) heavy-quark pairs, such as t{\bar c} and {\bar t}c, is extremely suppressed in the SM. In supersymmetric (SUSY) theories, such as the MSSM, the number of these events can be significantly enhanced thanks (mainly) to the FCNC couplings of gluinos. We compute the efficiency of this mechanism for FCNC production of heavy quarks at the LHC. We find that σ(pp\to t\bar{c}+\bar{t}c) can reach 1 pb, and therefore one can expect up to 10^{5} events per 100 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity (with no counterpart in the SM). Their detection would be instant evidence of new physics, and could be a strong indication of underlying SUSY dynamics.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. New references and comments added. Invited talk at the 7th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR 2005), Shonan Village, Japan, 2005
Effects of Great Barrier Reef Degradation on Recreational Demand: A Contingent Behaviour Approach
Creators: name: Kragt, Marit Ellen
name: Roebeling, Peter C.
name: Ruijs, Arjan
name: Kragt, Marit Ellen
name: Roebeling, Peter C.
name: Ruijs, Arjan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Coral reef
subject: Recreation
subject: Contingent Behaviour model
subject: Count data models

description: Agricultural run-off from the Great Barrier Reef catchment area may cause degradation of coral reefs, affecting the tourism sector that relies on healthy reefs for its income generation. A Contingent Behaviour approach is used to determine the effect of reef degradation on demand for recreational dive and snorkel trips, for a case study of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia. We assessed how reef degradation affects GBR tourism and to what extent reef-trip demand depends on the visitors' socio-economic characteristics. A count data model is developed, and results indicate that an average visitor would undertake about 60% less trips to the GBR per year, given a combined 80%, 30% and 70% decrease in coral cover, coral diversity and fish diversity, respectively. This corresponds to a decrease in tourism expenditure for reef trips in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park area of about A$ 136 million per year.
A Consent Model for Blockchain-based Distributed Data Sharing Platforms
Creators: name: Jaiman, Vikas
name: Urovi, Visara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In modern healthcare systems, being able to share electronic health records is crucial for providing quality care and for enabling a larger spectrum of health services. Health data sharing is dependent on obtaining individual consent which, in turn, is hindered by a lack of resources. To this extend, blockchain-based platforms facilitate data sharing by inherently creating a trusted distributed network of users. These users are enabled to share their data without depending on the time and resources of specific players (such as the health services). In blockchain-based platforms, data governance mechanisms become very important due to the need to specify and monitor data sharing and data use conditions. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based data sharing consent model for access control over individual health data. We use smart contracts to dynamically represent the individual consent over health data and to enable data requesters to search and access them. The dynamic consent model extends upon two ontologies: the Data Use Ontology (DUO) which models the individual consent of users and the Automatable Discovery and Access Matrix (ADA-M) which describes queries from data requesters. We deploy the model on Ethereum blockchain and evaluate different data sharing scenarios. The contribution of this paper is to create an individual consent model for health data sharing platforms. Such a model guarantees that individual consent is respected and that there is accountability for all the participants in the data sharing platform. The evaluation of our solution indicates that such a data sharing model provides a flexible approach to decide how the data is used by data requesters. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed model is efficient and adapts to personalized access control policies in data sharing.