cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles released in response to respiratory exposures: implications for chronic disease
Creators: name: Benedikter, Birke J.
name: Wouters, Emiel F. M.
name: Savelkoul, Paul H. M.
name: Rohde, Gernot G. U.
name: Stassen, Frank R. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted signaling entities that enhance various pathological processes when released in response to cellular stresses. Respiratory exposures such as cigarette smoke and air pollution exert cellular stresses and are associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases. The aim of this review was to examine the evidence that modifications in EV contribute to respiratory exposure-associated diseases. Publications were searched using PubMed and Google Scholar with the search terms (cigarette smoke OR tobacco smoke OR air pollution OR particulate matter) AND (extracellular vesicles OR exosomes OR microvesicles OR microparticles OR ectosomes). All original research articles were included and reviewed. Fifty articles were identified, most of which investigated the effect of respiratory exposures on EV release in vitro (25) and/or on circulating EV in human plasma (24). The majority of studies based their main observations on the relatively insensitive scatter-based flow cytometry of EV (29). EV induced by respiratory exposures were found to modulate inflammation (19), thrombosis (13), endothelial dysfunction (11), tissue remodeling (6), and angiogenesis (3). By influencing these processes, EV may play a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and possibly lung cancer and allergic asthma. The current findings warrant additional research with improved methodologies to evaluate the contribution of respiratory exposure-induced EV to disease etiology, as well as their potential as biomarkers of exposure or risk and as novel targets for preventive or therapeutic strategies.
title: Doomed to be Barren: Sexual Violence and Sterilization of American Indian Women in the United States
Creators: name: McCarty, Kelli
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2024

description: This paper examines the ways in which the United States has perpetuated and exacted structural, cultural, and direct violence against American Indian women in order to rid itself of the "Indian problem" - the problem that this ethnic group still exists today. Because warfare, disease, famine, relocation, and blood quantum have not yet eradicated American Indians from this country, the United States government has resorted to directly and indirectly affecting the reproductive abilities of American Indian women. From the legislature that has been passed legalizing sterilization to the lack of preventative measures needed to protect American Indian fertility, the United States has essentially reinforced structural, cultural, and direct violence against this ethnic group. As a result of the United States' racists motives, this small group of people has suffered and endured domestic violence, coerced sterilization, STD sterilization, birth control sterilization, and even environmental sterilization and continues to do so today. By attacking the female reproductive organs of American Indians, the United States is discretely and indiscreetly promoting a eugenics policy that will ultimately have an unimaginable effect on this group's already dwindling population. This paper will argue that, although there are no obvious, outward occurrences of violence at this time, structural and cultural violence are just as damaging to American Indians. By the United States assaulting American Indians' ability to procreate and continue their "race" through sterilization and other types of sexual violence, it is in fact committing an act of genocide.
IR Dynamics on Branes and Space-Time Geometry
Creators: name: Seiberg, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the type I theory compactified on $T^3$. When the D5-brane wraps the $T^3$ it yields a D2-brane in seven dimensions. In the leading approximation the moduli space of vacua of the three dimensional field theory on the brane is $T^4/\ZZ_2$. The dual M theory description of this theory is a compactification on K3 and our 2-brane is the eleven dimensional 2-brane at a point in K3. We use this fact to conclude that strong coupling IR effects in the three dimensional theory on the brane turn its moduli space into a K3. This interpretation allows us to solve various strongly coupled gauge theories in three dimensions by identifying their Coulomb branch with a piece of a (sometime singular) K3.
description: 8 pages, uses harvmac, one reference added
Cooperative Network Synchronization: Asymptotic Analysis
Creators: name: Xiong, Yifeng
name: Wu, Nan
name: Shen, Yuan
name: Win, Moe Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate clock synchronization is required for collaborative operations among nodes across wireless networks. Compared with traditional layer-by-layer methods, cooperative network synchronization techniques lead to significant improvement in performance, efficiency, and robustness. This paper develops a framework for the performance analysis of cooperative network synchronization. We introduce the concepts of cooperative dilution intensity (CDI) and relative CDI to characterize the interaction between agents, which can be interpreted as properties of a random walk over the network. Our approach enables us to derive closed-form asymptotic expressions of performance limits, relating them to the quality of observations as well as network topology.
МОНГОЛЬСКИЙ ПЕРЕВОД «СУТРЫ О ВОСЬМИ СВЕТОНОСНЫХ» КАК ОБРАЗЕЦ ДХАРАНИ-СУТР
Creators: name: Мирзаева Саглара Викторовна
Publisher: name: Новый филологический вестник
Year: 2019
Subjects: «Сутра о восьми светоносных»; Кагьюр (Ганджур); монгольский перевод; дхарани-сутра; композиция.

description: В статье рассматривается монгольский перевод одного из известных сочинений буддизма Махаяны – «Сутры о восьми светоносных неба и земли», включенный в Кагьюр (Ганджур), свод буддийского канона Тибета и монгольских народов. Оригинал этой сутры, широко представленной в тибето-монгольской литературе, вероятнее всего, был составлен на китайском языке, поэтому в тибетской и китайской традициях аутентичность сутры, т.е. принадлежность к буддхавачане, истинному слову Будды, не раз ставилась под сомнение. Тем не менее она получила распространение среди монгольских народов как ритуальный текст, что обусловило значительное количество ее ксилографических и рукописных образцов на монгольских языках. Активное использование «Сутры о восьми светоносных» в различных обрядах жизненного цикла объясняется ее принадлежностью к поджанру дхарани-сутр, повествований, построенных на объяснении Буддой Шакьямуни сакральных формул дхарани, основной функцией которых считается дарование тех или иных благ (в некоторых случаях – достижение Пробуждения). Композиция дхарани-сутр в индийской традиции рассматривалась известным американским исследователем Р. Дэвидсоном, который выделяет в них девять композиционных блоков. Анализ монгольского перевода «Сутры о восьми светоносных» как образца дхарани-сутр показывает, что в нем сохранились практически все блоки, выявленные Р. Дэвидсоном, за исключением седьмого (восхваление, раскаяние), а также присутствуют такие элементы, характерные именно для этой сутры, как объяснение названия и строфы из «Сутры сердца».
MOESM1 of Targeting the DPP-4-GLP-1 pathway improves exercise tolerance in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Chengcong
name: Huang, Ying
name: Zeng, Yongmei
name: Lu, Xiyan
name: Dong, Guoqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy, The search strategy in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library.
Lattice QCD investigation of the structure of the $a_0(980)$ meson
Creators: name: Alexandrou, Constantia
name: Berlin, Joshua
name: Brida, Mattia Dalla
name: Finkenrath, Jacob
name: Leontiou, Theodoros
name: Wagner, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quark content of the scalar meson $a_0(980)$ using lattice QCD. To this end we consider correlation functions of six different two- and four-quark interpolating fields. We evaluate all diagrams, including diagrams, where quarks propagate within a timeslice, e.g. with closed quark loops. We demonstrate that diagrams containing such closed quark loops have a drastic effect on the final results and, thus, may not be neglected. Our analysis shows that in addition to the expected spectrum of two-meson scattering states there is an additional energy level around the two-particle thresholds of $K + \bar{K}$ and $η+ π$. This additional state, which is a candidate for the $a_0(980)$ meson, couples to a quark-antiquark as well as to a diquark-antidiquark interpolating field, indicating that it is a superposition of an ordinary $\bar{q} q$ and a tetraquark structure. The analysis is performed using AMIAS, a novel statistical method based on the sampling of all possible spectral decompositions of the considered correlation functions, as well as solving standard generalized eigenvalue problems.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
The supernova rate-velocity dispersion relation in the interstellar medium
Creators: name: Dib, Sami
name: Bell, Eric
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relationship between the velocity dispersion of the gas and the SN rate and feedback efficiency in the ISM. We explore the constancy of the velocity dispersion profiles in the outer parts of galactic disks at~6-8 km s^-1, and the transition to the starburst regime. Our results show that a) SN driving leads to constant velocity dispersions of sig~6 km s^-1 for the total gas and sigHI~3 km s^-1 for the HI gas, independent of the SN rate, for values of the rate between 0.01-0.5 the Galactic rate R_{G},b) the position of the transition to the starburst regime at SFR/Area~5*10^-3-10^-2 M_sol yr^-1 kpc^-2 observed in the simulations, is in good agreement with the transition to the starburst regime in the observations, c) for the high SN rates, no HI gas is present in the simulations box, however, for the total gas velocity dispersion, there is good agreement between the models and the observations,d) at the intermediate SN rates R/R_{G}~0.5-1, taking into account the thermal broadening of the HI line helps reach a good agreement in that regime between the models and the observations,e) for R/R_{G}<0.5, sig and sigHI fall below the observed values by a factor of~2. However, a set of simulation with different values of epsilon indicates that for larger values of the supernova feedback efficiencies, velocity dispersions of the HI gas of the order of 5-6 km s^{-1} can be obtained, in closer agreement with the observations. The fact that for R/R_{G}<0.5, the HI gas velocity dispersions are a factor ~2 smaller than the observed values could result from the fact that we might have underestimated the SN feedback efficiency. It might also be an indication that other physical processes couple to the stellar feedback in order to produce the observed level of turbulence in galactic disks.
description: 44 pages, 22 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Application of prioritization approaches to optimize environmental monitoring and testing of pharmaceuticals
Creators: name: Burns, Emily E.
name: Carter, Laura J.
name: Snape, Jason
name: Thomas-Oates, Jane
name: Boxall, Alistair B.A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Pharmaceuticals are ubiquitous in the natural environment with concentrations expected to rise as human population increases. Environmental risk assessments are available for a small portion of pharmaceuticals in use, raising concerns over the potential risks posed by other drugs that have little or no data. With >1900 active pharmaceutical ingredients in use, it would be a major task to test all of the compounds with little or no data. Desk-based prioritization studies provide a potential solution by identifying those substances that are likely to pose the greatest risk to the environment and which, therefore, need to be considered a priority for further study. The aim of this review was to (1) provide an overview of different prioritization exercises performed for pharmaceuticals in the environment and the results obtained; and (2) propose a new holistic risk-based prioritization framework for drugs in the environment. The suggested models to underpin this framework are discussed in terms of validity and applicability. The availability of data required to run the models was assessed and data gaps identified. The implementation of this framework may harmonize pharmaceutical prioritization efforts and ensure that, in the future, experimental resources are focused on molecules, endpoints, and environmental compartments that are biologically relevant.
How to simulate global cosmic strings with large string tension
Creators: name: Klaer, Vincent B.
name: Moore, Guy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global string networks may be relevant in axion production in the early Universe, as well as other cosmological scenarios. Such networks contain a large hierarchy of scales between the string core scale and the Hubble scale, log(f/H) around 70, which influences the network dynamics by giving the strings large tensions T = pi f^2 log(f/H). We present a new numerical approach to simulate such global string networks, capturing the tension without an exponentially large lattice.
description: 22 pages including 5 figures
Distance Measure Based MADM Strategy with Interval Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers
Creators: name: Pranab Biswas
name: Surapati Pramanik
name: Bibhas Chandra Giri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: In this paper, we introduce interval trapezoidal neutrosophic number and define some arithmetic operations of the proposed interval trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers.
Gender Inclusive Recruitment & Selection Toolkit for HR Professionals
Creators: name: Vassilopoulou, Joana
name: Takkenberg, Hanneke
name: Miedtank, Tina
Publisher: name: EQUAL4EUROPE H2020 project
Year: 2024

description: This toolkit contains gender inclusive recruitment and selection best practices and tools for HR Professionals and everybody involved in the recruitment and selection process.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ТИПОВ ДИСКУРСА КАК РЕЧЕВОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПЕРСОНАЖА В ПЕРЕВОДНОМ ТЕКСТЕ (на материале романа Р. Желязны «Creatures of Light and Darkness»)
Creators: name: Филатова Ганна Алексеевна
Publisher: name: Новый филологический вестник
Year: 2019
Subjects: религиозный дискурс; юридический дискурс; перевод; сопоставительный анализ; фантастическое повествование.

description: В фокусе исследования – лингвистические средства, формирующие речевой портрет персонажа в фантастическом произведении. Это важный аспект, так как особенности поведения и манера речи персонажа имеют большое значение для создания у читателя определенного отношения к этому герою. Для некоторых героев характерно соблюдение определенного речевого дискурса на протяжении всего произведения, в том числе смешение нескольких функциональных стилей. В статье рассматриваются черты юридического и религиозного дискурса, которые используются как для характеристики собственно персонажа, так и для создания иронического эффекта с помощью переосмысления текстов и выстраивания конструкций, обычно не применяемых в данных типах дискурса. В качестве иллюстративного материала выбран экспериментальный роман Р. Желязны «The Creatures of Light and Darkness» (1969) и три его перевода на русский язык. Сопоставительный семантико-синтаксический анализ переводов и сравнение их с английским оригиналом позволили установить принципы, определяющие речевую манеру персонажа и лингвистические средства, которые использовались во всех текстах, а также показали разницу в восприятии текстов читателем. Результаты исследования дают возможность, с одной стороны, выявить наиболее верный перевод по формальному критерию, а с другой стороны, продемонстрировать разницу между английским и русским языком в передаче текстов религиозного и юридического дискурса, а также в тех случаях, когда эти дискурсы совмещаются в речи одного персонажа.
Connection between Feynman integrals having different values of the space-time dimension
Creators: name: Tarasov, O. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic algorithm for obtaining recurrence relations for dimensionally regularized Feynman integrals w.r.t. the space-time dimension $d$ is proposed. The relation between $d$ and $d-2$ dimensional integrals is given in terms of a differential operator for which an explicit formula can be obtained for each Feynman diagram. We show how the method works for one-, two- and three-loop integrals. The new recurrence relations w.r.t. $d$ are complementary to the recurrence relations which derive from the method of integration by parts. We find that the problem of the irreducible numerators in Feynman integrals can be naturally solved in the framework of the proposed generalized recurrence relations.
description: 21 pages, LaTeX, uses axodraw.sty
Preparing multi-partite entanglement of photons and matter qubits
Creators: name: Kok, Pieter
name: Barrett, Sean D.
name: Spiller, Timothy P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to make event-ready multi-partite entanglement between qubits which may be encoded on photons or matter systems. Entangled states of matter systems, which can also act as single photon sources, can be generated using the entangling operation presented in quant-ph/0408040. We show how to entangle such sources with photon qubits, which may be encoded in the dual rail, polarization or time-bin degrees of freedom. We subsequently demonstrate how projective measurements of the matter qubits can be used to create entangled states of the photons alone. The state of the matter qubits is inherited by the generated photons. Since the entangling operation can be used to generate cluster states of matter qubits for quantum computing, our procedure enables us to create any (entangled) photonic quantum state that can be written as the outcome of a quantum computer.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Journal of Optics B
The Impact Of Bug Localization Based on Crash Report Mining: A Developers' Perspective
Creators: name: Medeiros, Marcos
name: Kulesza, Uirá
name: Coelho, Roberta
name: Bonifácio, Rodrigo
name: Treude, Christoph
name: Adachi, Eiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developers often use crash reports to understand the root cause of bugs. However, locating the buggy source code snippet from such information is a challenging task, mainly when the log database contains many crash reports. To mitigate this issue, recent research has proposed and evaluated approaches for grouping crash report data and using stack trace information to locate bugs. The effectiveness of such approaches has been evaluated by mainly comparing the candidate buggy code snippets with the actual changed code in bug-fix commits -- which happens in the context of retrospective repository mining studies. Therefore, the existing literature still lacks discussing the use of such approaches in the daily life of a software company, which could explain the developers' perceptions on the use of these approaches. In this paper, we report our experience of using an approach for grouping crash reports and finding buggy code on a weekly basis for 18 months, within three development teams in a software company. We grouped over 750,000 crash reports, opened over 130 issues, and collected feedback from 18 developers and team leaders. Among other results, we observe that the amount of system logs related to a crash report group is not the only criteria developers use to choose a candidate bug to be analyzed. Instead, other factors were considered, such as the need to deliver customer-prioritized features and the difficulty of solving complex crash reports (e.g., architectural debts), to cite some. The approach investigated in this study correctly suggested the buggy file most of the time -- the approach's precision was around 80%. In this study, the developers also shared their perspectives on the usefulness of the suspicious files and methods extracted from crash reports to fix related bugs.
Stimulus sensitivity of a spiking neural network model
Creators: name: Chevallier, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Some recent papers relate the criticality of complex systems to their maximal capacity of information processing. In the present paper, we consider high dimensional point processes, known as age-dependent Hawkes processes, which have been used to model spiking neural networks. Using mean-field approximation, the response of the network to a stimulus is computed and we provide a notion of stimulus sensitivity. It appears that the maximal sensitivity is achieved in the sub-critical regime, yet almost critical for a range of biologically relevant parameters.
Validation of Beta-Glucosidase Activity Assay in Leukocytes
Creators: name: Brown, Claudia Cisneiros
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase (GBA) (EC 3.2.1.45), required for the degradation of glycosphingolipids. In Gaucher disease, as a result of GBA deficiency, the body is unable to breakdown glucocerebroside, thus allowing the accumulation of glucosylceramide and glucosphingosine within the lysosomal cells. The clinical presentation of GD consists in a multisystem disorder, and its classification of GD into its three subtypes is dependent primarily on the presence or absence of neurological features. Gaucher disease type 1 is the most common inherited genetic disease affecting Ashkenazi Jews, with a frequency of approximately 1 in 850 individuals having Gaucher disease and 1 in 18 individuals being carriers. Once Gaucher disease is suspected based on clinical presentation, the first line of testing is measuring the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) enzyme activity. The GBA enzymatic assay has been developed as a part of this study by modifying the conditions described by Urban et al (2008). The process of validation was divided into individual steps identified to provide the most optimum conditions for the implementation of this assay. This assay uses the fluorometric methodology to measure the level of enzymatic activity. The fluorometric signal is directly proportional to the concentration of GBA activity in the individual being assessed. iv The evaluation of all components of the method validation included accuracy, precision, linearity, sample requirements, sample stability, and establishment of reference ranges. After the individual assessment of these components, it was concluded that the assay was successfully validated for the measurement of GBA activity, and it provides a valuable tool as the first line of testing for the diagnosis of Gaucher disease.
CSST large-scale structure analysis pipeline: I. constructing reference mock galaxy redshift surveys
Creators: name: Gu, Yizhou
name: Yang, Xiaohu
name: Han, Jiaxin
name: Wang, Yirong
name: Li, Qingyang
name: Tan, Zhenlin
name: Jiang, Wenkang
name: Wang, Yaru
name: Wang, Jiaqi
name: Katsianis, Antonios
name: Xu, Xiaoju
name: Xu, Haojie
name: Hong, Wensheng
name: Mo, Houjun
name: Wen, Run
name: Zheng, Xianzhong
name: Shi, Feng
name: Zhang, Pengjie
name: Zhai, Zhongxu
name: Liu, Chengze
name: Wang, Wenting
name: Zu, Ying
name: Guo, Hong
name: Zhang, Youcai
name: Lu, Yi
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Han, Yunkun
name: Zou, Hu
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wei, Chengliang
name: Li, Ming
name: Luo, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we set out to construct a set of reference mock galaxy redshift surveys (MGRSs) for the future Chinese Space-station Survey Telescope (CSST) observation, where subsequent survey selection effects can be added and evaluated. This set of MGRSs is generated using the dark matter subhalos extracted from a high-resolution Jiutian $N$-body simulation of the standard $Λ$CDM cosmogony with $Ω_m=0.3111$, $Ω_Λ=0.6889$, and $σ_8=0.8102$. The simulation has a boxsize of $1~h^{-1} {\rm Gpc}$, and consists of $6144^3$ particles with mass resolution $3.723 \times 10^{8} h^{-1} M_\odot $. In order to take into account the effect of redshift evolution, we first use all 128 snapshots in the Jiutian simulation to generate a light-cone halo/subhalo catalog. Next, galaxy luminosities are assigned to the main and subhalo populations using the subhalo abundance matching (SHAM) method with the DESI $z$-band luminosity functions at different redshifts. Multi-band photometries, as well as images, are then assigned to each mock galaxy using a 3-dimensional parameter space nearest neighbor sampling of the DESI LS observational galaxies and groups. Finally, the CSST and DESI LS survey geometry and magnitude limit cuts are applied to generate the required MGRSs. As we have checked, this set of MGRSs can generally reproduce the observed galaxy luminosity/mass functions within 0.1 dex for galaxies with $L > 10^8 L_\odot$ (or $M_* > 10^{8.5} M_\odot$) and within 1-$σ$ level for galaxies with $L < 10^8L_\odot$ (or $M_* < 10^{8.5} M_\odot$). Together with the CSST slitless spectra and redshifts for our DESI LS seed galaxies that are under construction, we will set out to test various slitless observational selection effects in subsequent probes.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mountains of southernmost Norway: uplifted Miocene peneplains and re-exposed Mesozoic surfaces
Creators: name: Japsen, Peter
name: Green, Paul F.
name: Chalmers, James A.
name: Bonow, Johan M.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Analytical details and thermal history reconstructions for all apatite fission-track analysis (AFTA) samples as well as analytical data for one vitrinite reflectance samples are available online, together with background information on the AFTA technique.
Estimating the Porosity of the Interstellar Medium from Three-Dimensional Photoionization Modeling of H II Regions
Creators: name: Wood, Kenneth
name: Haffner, L. M.
name: Reynolds, R. J.
name: Mathis, John
name: Madsen, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply our three dimensional photoionization code to model Wisconsin H-alpha Mapper observations of the H II region surrounding the O9.5V star Zeta Oph. Our models investigate the porosity of the interstellar medium around zeta Oph and the effects of 3D densities on the H-alpha surface brightness and variation in the [N II]/H-alpha line ratio. The Zeta Oph H II region has a well characterized ionizing source, so it is an excellent starting point for 3D models of diffuse ionized gas. We investigate various hierarchically clumped density structures, varying the overall smoothness within the clumping algorithm. By simulating the observations, we can estimate the porosity of the medium in the vicinity of Zeta Oph and find that within the context of our hierarchically clumped models, around 50% to 80% of the volume is occupied by clumps surrounded by a low density smooth medium. We also conclude that in order for O stars to ionize the diffuse Warm Ionized Medium, the O star environment must be more porous than that surrounding Zeta Oph, with clumps occupying less than one half of the interstellar volume. Our clumpy models have irregular boundaries, similar to observed H II regions. However, in observed H II regions it is difficult to identify the precise location of the boundary because of the foreground and/or background emission from the widespread Warm Ionized Medium. This complicates the interpretation of the predicted rapid rise of some emission line ratios near the edge of uniform density H II regions and combined with the three dimensional clumpy nature of the interstellar medium may explain the apparent lack of distinctive emission line ratios near H I -- H II interfaces.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Eyes Have It: Behind the Scenes of UT’s “The Eyes of Texas” Controversy
Creators: name: Levin, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: University of Texas
football
sports

description: In the summer of 2020, a group of Texas Longhorn student athletes, led by the football team, released a letter calling for the university to implement several changes to make the school more welcoming and diverse. Among the requests was a call for the university to retire its alma mater, “The Eyes of Texas” due to its origins in minstrelsy. That request came to dominate the Longhorns football season, quickly becoming national news and leading every press conference. But what actually happened in the locker room around these deep conversations of race, belonging, and tradition had never before been reported. The investigative journalism piece that follows aims to tell the story of how the 2020 Longhorn football team navigated the controversy. It is based on interviews with dozens of coaches, athletic department officials, university administrators, and current and former Longhorns and was originally published in the May 2021 issue of Texas Monthly magazine.
Observational Signatures of Mass-Loading in Jets Launched by Rotating Black Holes
Creators: name: Riordan, Michael O'
name: Pe'er, Asaf
name: McKinney, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that relativistic jets in X-ray binaries and active-galactic nuclei are powered by the rotational energy of black holes. This idea is supported by general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of accreting black holes, which demonstrate efficient energy extraction via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. However, due to uncertainties in the physics of mass-loading, and the failure of GRMHD numerical schemes in the highly-magnetized funnel region, the matter content of the jet remains poorly constrained. We investigate the observational signatures of mass-loading in the funnel by performing general-relativistic radiative transfer calculations on a range of 3D GRMHD simulations of accreting black holes. We find significant observational differences between cases in which the funnel is empty and cases where the funnel is filled with plasma, particularly in the optical and X-ray bands. In the context of Sgr A*, current spectral data constrains the jet filling only if the black hole is rapidly rotating with $a\gtrsim0.9$. In this case, the limits on the infrared flux disfavour a strong contribution from material in the funnel. We comment on the implications of our models for interpreting future Event Horizon Telescope observations. We also scale our models to stellar-mass black holes, and discuss their applicability to the low-luminosity state in X-ray binaries.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, extended and clarified aspects of the discussion section, accepted for publication in ApJ
Usuli Shi'ism : the emergence of an Islamic reform movement in early modern Iraq and Iran
Creators: name: Heern, Zackery M.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Broadly speaking, this is a study in early modem socio-intellectual history. It seeks to trace the inception and development of one of the most powerful Islamic movements of the modem period: U suli Shi'ism. I also hope to contribute to a better understanding of the ideology and practice of the Usuli branch of Shi 'i Islam. My underlying argument suggests that the recent ascendancy of Shii Islam is the culmination of a process incepted by Vahid Bihbihani (1706-1792) and his disciples, who revived a rationalist school of Islamic thought in the eighteenth century, which has become known as Usulism. Largely as a result of the Usuli reformation, the Shii clerical establishment has gained unprecedented social, political, and economic power, especially in Iran, where high-ranking clerics (ayatollahs) have established a theocratic govemment since 1979. I argut: that the U suli revival and reform of Shi'ism was part of a larger eighteenth century Islamic reformation that resulted from the decentralization and collapse of the early modem Islamic empires (i.e., Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal). Taking this process of political decentralization into account, most historians have argued that the early modern Middle East is best viewed as a period of decline. Rejecting the decline thesis as Orientalist, recent scholars have argued that an Islamic Enlightenment was taking place during this watershed period. Seeking to contribute to this debate, I employ a comparative approach to suggest that Sunni, Sufi, and Shi'i Muslim scholars revived and reformed their traditions in direct response to the political destabilization of the Islamic world and directly contributed to the establishment of new kingdoms in Saudi Arabia, Libya, and Iran respectively. I also argue that early modem reform movements, including Usulism, Wahhabism, and neo-Sufism, eventually evolved into organizations associated with Islamism or political Islam. This study, then, can be viewed as a case study in the field of modem Islamic movements. My findings are largely based on the writings of the leaders of the Usuli movement, which are primarily written in Arabic and are mostly works in the field of Islamic law. Additionally, I have studied the Arabic and Persian biographical (tabaqat) literature written in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which extols the founders of the U suli movement.
Charm Hadronic Decay Branching Fractions From CLEO-c
Creators: name: Onyisi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CLEO-c experiment at the CESR e+ e- storage ring has collected data with E_cm = 3.77 GeV and E_cm ~ 4.17 GeV to study the decays of charmed mesons. This paper discusses results on the hadronic branching fractions of the D0, D+, and Ds+.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, contributed to the proceedings of the Charm 2006 conference, Beijing, June 5-7, 2006 v2: update acknowledgments
Validation and Application of a Novel High Density Electrode Array for Use in Small Diameter Peripheral Nerves
Creators: name: Mathews, Kiran Serah
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bioengineering
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Several neural interfaces have been designed in order to improve access to peripheral nerve fibers and more accurately monitor or evoke various functions. Currently, such devices are more successful in larger nerves, but are limited in potential applications involving smaller target nerves. For example, the restoration of micturition (urination) to spinal cord injured patients requires the ability to monitor the changes in bladder pressure, to gauge bladder fullness as well as detect hyper-reflexive contractions. The pudendal nerve has been shown to be an appropriate site for monitoring bladder status. However, its small diameter, particularly in animal models, and the need for multiple access points required the development and fabrication of a novel high density electrode array. The research presented here describes the validation of such a device in small diameter nerve applications, as well as its use in the pudendal nerve to provide information about bladder pressure, showing the potential expansion of neural interfaces to new applications in both research and clinical fields.
Effective Bosonic Degrees of Freedom for One-Flavour Chromodynamics
Creators: name: Kijowski, J.
name: Rudolph, G.
name: Rudolph, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply an earlier formulated programme for quantization of nonabelian gauge theories to one-flavour chromodynamics. This programme consists in a complete reformulation of the functional integral in terms of gauge invariant quantities. For the model under consideration two types of gauge invariants occur -- quantities, which are bilinear in quarks and antiquarks (mesons) and a matrix-valued covector field, which is bilinear in quarks, antiquarks and their covariant derivatives. This covector field is linear in the original gauge potential, and can be, therefore, considered as the gauge potential ``dressed'' in a gauge invariant way with matter. Thus, we get a complete bosonization of the theory. The strong interaction is described by a highly non-linear effective action obtained after integrating out quarks and gluons from the functional integral. All constructions are done consequently on the quantum level, where quarks and antiquarks are anticommuting objects. Our quantization procedure circumvents the Gribov ambiguity.
description: 26 pages, LaTeX 2e
The Magellan Evolution of Galaxies Spectroscopic and Ultraviolet Reference Atlas (MEGaSaURA) I: The Sample and the Spectra
Creators: name: Rigby, J. R.
name: Bayliss, M. B.
name: Sharon, K.
name: Gladders, M. D.
name: Chisholm, J.
name: Dahle, H.
name: Johnson, T.
name: Paterno-Mahler, R.
name: Wuyts, E.
name: Kelson, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce Project MEGaSaURA: The Magellan Evolution of Galaxies Spectroscopic and Ultraviolet Reference Atlas. MEGaSaURA comprises medium-resolution, rest-frame ultraviolet spectroscopy of N=15 bright gravitationally lensed galaxies at redshifts of 1.68$
description: Resubmitted to AAS Journals. Data release will accompany journal publication. v2 addresses minor comments from referee
Validation of In-Situ Microwave Moisture Meter for Sand and Concrete
Creators: name: Allahham, Jafar Talal
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The moisture content in civil engineering materials determines many of the structural properties of the material such as strength and durability. In geotechnical engineering, the moisture content of soil deposits determines their susceptibility to landslides and settling. In structural engineering, the moisture content in concrete, typically measured in terms of the water-to-cement (w/cm) weight ratio, determines its compressive strength as well as other hardened properties such as permeability and shrinkage. The moisture contents of sand and concrete composites were measured using a handheld microwave moisture meter developed for the purpose of moisture measurements in concrete. The results in concrete obtained from the meter were compared to the results obtained from the standard method of determining moisture content in concrete. In sand, the meter was able to detect the change in moisture content with a linear fit R 2 of 0.962 and 0.945 for the twotypes of sands tested. As for concrete, the linear fit R 2 was as low as 0.0034.The p-values obtained on concrete testing were less than the specified confidence level of 0.05, rejecting the hypothesis that the meter's average output is equal to the average actual w/cm tested. The output w/cm obtained from the meter was compared to moisture content and calculated w/cm from the AASHTO standard method. The linear fit through the data obtained from the test had an R 2 value of 0.62 or higher and a p-value of 0.91, making this methodthe preferred option when wanting accurate in-situ measurements.
Using Geometric Primitives to Unify Perception and Action for Object-Based Manipulation
Creators: name: Brown, Hunter
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Robotics
Artificial intelligence
Computer science

description: In this work we consider task-based planning in uncertainty. To make progress in this problem, we propose an end-to-end method that makes progress toward the unification of perception and manipulation. Critical for this unification is the geometric primitive. A geometric primitive is a 3D geometry that can be fit to a single view from a 3D image. Geometric primitives are a consistent structure in many scenes, and by leveraging this, perceptual tasks such as segmentation, localization, and recognition can be solved. Sharing this information between these subroutines also makes the method computationally efficient. Geometric primitives can be used to define a set of actions the robot can use to influence the world. Leveraging the rich 3D information in geometric primitives allows the designer to develop actions with a high chance of success. In this work, we consider a pick-and-place action, parameterized by the object and scene constraints. The design of the perceptual capabilities and actions is independent of the task given to the robot, giving the robot more versatility to complete a range of tasks. With a large number of available actions, the robot needs to select which action the robot performs. We propose a task-specific reward function to determine the next-best action for the robot to complete the task. A key insight into making the action selection tractable is reasoning about the occluded regions of the scene. We propose to not reason about what could be in the occluded regions, but instead to treat the occluded regions as parts of the scene to explore. Defining reward functions that encourage this exploration while balancing trying to solve the given task gives the robot more versatility to perform many different tasks. Reasoning about occlusion in this way also makes actions in the scene more robust to scene uncertainty and increases the computational efficiency of the method overall. In this work, we show results for segmentation of geometric primitives on real data, and discuss problems with fitting their parameters. While positive segmentation results are shown, there are problems with fitting consistent parameters to the geometric primitives. We also present simulation results showing the action selection process solving a singulation task. We show that our method is able to perform this task in several scenes with varying levels of complexity. We compare against selecting actions at random, and show our method consistently takes fewer actions to solve the scene.
Pulsar J1411+2551: A Low Mass New Double Neutron Star System
Creators: name: Martinez, J. G.
name: Stovall, K.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Deneva, J. S.
name: Tauris, T. M.
name: Ridolfi, A.
name: Wex, N.
name: Jenet, F. A.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Bagchi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we report the discovery and characterization of PSR J1411+2551, a new binary pulsar discovered in the Arecibo 327 MHz Drift Pulsar Survey. Our timing observations of the radio pulsar in the system span a period of about 2.5 years. This timing campaign allowed a precise measurement of its spin period (62.4 ms) and its derivative (9.6 $\pm$ 0.7) $\times 10^{-20}\, \rm s\, s^{-1}$; from these, we derive a characteristic age of $\sim 10\,$Gyr and a surface magnetic field strength of 2.5 $\times 10^{9}$ G. These numbers indicate that this pulsar was mildly recycled by accretion of matter from the progenitor of the companion star. The system has an eccentric ($e\, = \, 0.17$) 2.61 day orbit. This eccentricity allows a highly significant measurement of the rate of advance of periastron, $\dotω = 0.07686 \pm 0.00046 ^{\circ}~{\rm yr}^{-1}$. Assuming general relativity accurately models the orbital motion, this implies a total system mass M = $2.538 \pm 0.022 M_{\odot}$. The minimum companion mass is $0.92\, M_{\odot}$ and the maximum pulsar mass is $1.62\, M_{\odot}$. The large companion mass and the orbital eccentricity suggest that PSR J1411+2551 is a double neutron star system; the lightest known to date including the DNS merger GW 170817. Furthermore, the relatively low orbital eccentricity and small proper motion limits suggest that the second supernova had a relatively small associated kick; this and the low system mass suggest that it was an ultra-stripped supernova.
description: Accepted for publication in APJ letters
The Ultraluminous X-ray Sources NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2
Creators: name: Turolla, R.
name: Mucciarelli, P.
name: Zampieri, L.
name: Falomo, R.
name: Chieregato, M.
name: Treves, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of XMM archival data of two Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 1313: NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2. The spectral continuum of these sources was modeled with a soft thermal component plus a power-law. If the soft component originates from an accretion disk, the inferred mass of the compact remnant is > 100 M_sun, making it an Intermediate Mass Black Hole (IMBH). A detailed analysis of the residuals of the XMM EPIC-pn spectrum shows some evidence for the presence of an Oxygen emission line in NGC 1313 X-1. The simultaneous presence of an excess in emission, although at a much reduced significance level, at different energies in the X-ray spectra of NGC 1313 X-1 and X-2 is suggestive of typical emission lines from young supernova remnants. An optical counterpart for NGC 1313 X-2 was also identified. On an ESO 3.6 m image, the Chandra error box embraces a R \~ 23 mag stellar-like object and excludes a previously proposed optical counterpart.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Advances in Space Research