cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Use of a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Video to Assist Intensive Care Unit Resident Physicians during Code Status Discussions
Creators: name: Pham, Trinh T.
name: Acosta Sanchez, Israel
name: Kalra, Salil
name: Kashyap, Sarung
name: Mbae, June
name: Punal, Natalie Marie
name: Panlilio, Maria
name: Heyland, Daren
name: Ferrer Marrero, Tirsa
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine

description: Abstract Background: Code status discussions (CSDs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) are frequently conducted by resident physicians. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) videos when used to aid ICU patients and families in code status decision making have been shown to have a positive impact. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a CPR video, when made available to supplement trainee–patient CSDs, on ICU residents’ comfort level when conducting these discussions. Objectives: To assess whether a CPR video as an intervention tool would increase residents’ comfort level when conducting CSDs. Methods: This is a pre- and postintervention pilot study. A presurvey querying details about trainees’ comfort level when conducting CSDs was administered to the residents at the beginning of the ICU rotation, and a CPR video was availed to them to supplement their trainee–patient CSDs. A postsurvey was administered to trainees at the end of their ICU rotation to evaluate and analyze the impact of the CPR video on residents’ comfort level when conducting trainee–patient CSDs. Results: A total of 118 trainees rotated through the ICU with 43 (36%) answering the presurvey and 28 (24%) answering the postsurvey. Twenty-two (51%) presurvey respondents felt extremely comfortable and 18 (42%) felt somewhat comfortable conducting CSDs. Thirteen (46%) postsurvey respondents felt extremely comfortable and 12 (43%) felt somewhat comfortable conducting CSDs. Most postsurvey respondents (79%) almost never used the video and (67%) neither agree nor disagree that the video was useful. Conclusion: In our small cohort, CPR video when made available to supplement trainee–patient CSDs did not impact resident physicians’ comfort level when conducting these discussions. The residents’ low level of engagement with this video, among other factors, could explain our results.
A new climate dataset for systematic assessments of climate change impacts as a function of global warming
Creators: name: Heinke, Jens
name: Ostberg, Sebastian
name: Schaphoff, Sibyll
name: Frieler, Katja
name: Müller, Christoph
name: Gerten, Dieter
name: Meinshausen, Malte
name: Lucht, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: In the ongoing political debate on climate change, global mean temperature change (ΔTglob) has become the yardstick by which mitigation costs, impacts from unavoided climate change, and adaptation requirements are discussed. For a scientifically informed discourse along these lines, systematic assessments of climate change impacts as a function of ΔTglob are required. The current availability of climate change scenarios constrains this type of assessment to a narrow range of temperature change and/or a reduced ensemble of climate models. Here, a newly composed dataset of climate change scenarios is presented that addresses the specific requirements for global assessments of climate change impacts as a function of ΔTglob. A pattern-scaling approach is applied to extract generalised patterns of spatially explicit change in temperature, precipitation and cloudiness from 19 Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs). The patterns are combined with scenarios of global mean temperature increase obtained from the reduced-complexity climate model MAGICC6 to create climate scenarios covering warming levels from 1.5 to 5 degrees above pre-industrial levels around the year 2100. The patterns are shown to sufficiently maintain the original AOGCMs' climate change properties, even though they, necessarily, utilise a simplified relationships between ΔTglob and changes in local climate properties. The dataset (made available online upon final publication of this paper) facilitates systematic analyses of climate change impacts as it covers a wider and finer-spaced range of climate change scenarios than the original AOGCM simulations.
title: Machine learning and physician prescribing: a path to reduced antibiotic use
Creators: name: Ribers, Michael Allan
name: Ullrich, Hannes
Publisher: name: Hertie School
Year: 2023

description: Inefficient human decisions are driven by biases and limited information. Health care is one leading example where machine learning is hoped to deliver efficiency gains. Antibiotic resistance constitutes a major challenge to health care systems due to human antibiotic overuse. We investigate how a policy leveraging the strengths of a machine learning algorithm and physicians can provide new opportunities to reduce antibiotic use. We focus on urinary tract infections in primary care, a leading cause for antibiotic use, where physicians often prescribe prior to attaining diagnostic certainty. Symptom assessment and rapid testing provide diagnostic information with limited accuracy, while laboratory testing can diagnose bacterial infections with considerable delay. Linking Danish administrative and laboratory data, we optimize policy rules which base initial prescription decisions on machine learning predictions and delegate decisions to physicians where these benefit most from private information at the point-of-care. The policy shows a potential to reduce antibiotic prescribing by 8.1 percent and overprescribing by 20.3 percent without assigning fewer prescriptions to patients with bacterial infections. We find human-algorithm complementarity is essential to achieve efficiency gains.
(502323) Hannah Turnbull
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The ingenol-based protein kinase C agonist GSK445A is a potent inducer of HIV and SIV RNA transcription
Creators: name: Chomont, N.
name: Pardons, M.
name: Takata, H.
name: Tang, J.
name: Favre, D.
name: Randall, B.
name: Picker, L.J.
name: Fromentin, R.
name: Okoye, A.A.
name: Smedley, J.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: Axthelm, M.
name: Brehm, J.H.
name: Lifson, J.D.
name: Tai, V.
name: Trautmann, L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by Protein Kinase C (PKC) agonists is a potent mechanism for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latency disruption in vitro. However, significant toxicity risks and the lack of evidence supporting their activity in vivo have limited further evaluation of PKC agonists as HIV latency-reversing agents (LRA) in cure strategies. Here we evaluated whether GSK445A, a stabilized ingenol-B derivative, can induce HIV/ simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transcription and virus production in vitro and demonstrate pharmacological activity in nonhuman primates (NHP). CD4+ T cells from people living with HIV and from SIV+ rhesus macaques (RM) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposed in vitro to 25 nM of GSK445A produced cell-associated viral transcripts as well as viral particles at levels similar to those induced by PMA/Ionomycin, indicating that GSK445A can potently reverse HIV/SIV latency. Importantly, these concentrations of GSK445A did not impair the proliferation or survival of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, but instead, increased their numbers and enhanced IFN-γ production in response to HIV peptides. In vivo, GSK445A tolerability was established in SIV-naïve RM at 15 μg/kg although tolerability was reduced in SIV-infected RM on ART. Increases in plasma viremia following GSK445A administration were suggestive of increased SIV transcription in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that GSK445A is a potent HIV/SIV LRA in vitro and has a tolerable safety profile amenable for further evaluation in vivo in NHP models of HIV cure/remission.
Constraints on the off-shell Higgs boson signal strength in the high-mass $ZZ$ and $WW$ final states with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the $ZZ$ and $WW$ final states in the mass range above the $2m_Z$ and $2m_W$ thresholds provide a unique opportunity to measure the off-shell coupling strength of the Higgs boson. This paper presents constraints on the off-shell Higgs boson event yields normalised to the Standard Model prediction (signal strength) in the $ZZ \to 4\ell$, $ZZ\to2\ell2ν$ and $WW\to eνμν$ final states. The result is based on $pp$ collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $20.3$ fb$^\text{-1}$ at a collision energy of $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV. Using the $CL_s$ method, the observed 95% confidence level (CL) upper limit on the off-shell signal strength is in the range 5.1-8.6, with an expected range of 6.7-11.0. In each case the range is determined by varying the unknown $gg\to ZZ$ and $gg\to WW$ background K-factor from higher-order QCD corrections between half and twice the value of the known signal K-factor. Assuming the relevant Higgs boson couplings are independent of the energy scale of the Higgs production, a combination with the on-shell measurements yields an observed (expected) 95\% CL upper limit on $Γ_H/Γ_H^{\mathrm{SM}}$ in the range 4.5- -7.5 (6.5- -11.2) using the same variations of the background K-factor. Assuming that the unknown $gg\rightarrow VV$ background K-factor is equal to the signal K-factor,this translates into an observed (expected) 95% CL upper limit on the Higgs boson total width of 22.7 (33.0) MeV.
description: 34 pages plus author list + cover pages (50 pages total), 12 figures, 6 tables, submited to The European Physical Journal C, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2014-10/
El sector manufacturero en el estudio de los ciclos económicos subnacionales. Evaluación de mejoras para al índice de actividad económica coincidente de la provincia de Santa Fe.
Creators: name: Cohan, Pablo Pedro
name: Zanini, Lautaro
Publisher: name: XII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Economía Regional
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride/economics

description: El presente trabajo analiza los pros y contras de incorporar el nuevo Índice Provincial de Actividad Industrial (IPAI) de la provincia de Santa Fe como componente del Índice Compuesto Coincidente de Actividad Económica (ICASFe). La mejora considerada se enmarca en el proyecto de ciclos económicos que el Centro de Estudios y Servicios de la Bolsa de Comercio de Santa Fe lleva adelante desde 2007.Adicionalmente, el ejercicio permite poner en perspectiva la propuesta desarrollada en 2009 para suplir la carencia de un indicador industrial provincial; una alternativa que aún presenta plena vigencia para otros espacios sub-nacionales.Los resultados obtenidos son favorables en dos sentidos. Por un lado, jerarquizan el trabajo realizado en 2009, dando cuenta de que la estrategia elaborada es viable y eficiente. Por otra parte, señalan los principales puntos de interés para internalizar el nuevo paquete desarrollado por el Instituto Provincial de Estadísticas de Santa Fe (IPEC) continuando con el esfuerzo permanente que realiza el equipo de la Institución por seguir mejorando el alcance de su proyecto de ciclos económicos.
Freshwater resources under success and failure of the Paris climate agreement
Creators: name: Heinke, Jens
name: Müller, Christoph
name: Lannerstad, Mats
name: Gerten, Dieter
name: Lucht, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Population growth will in many regions increase the pressure on water resources and likely increase the number of people affected by water scarcity. In parallel, global warming causes hydrological changes which will affect freshwater supply for human use in many regions. This study estimates the exposure of future population to severe hydrological changes relevant from a freshwater resource perspective at different levels of global mean temperature rise above pre-industrial level (ΔTglob). The analysis is complemented by an assessment of water scarcity that would occur without additional climate change due to population change alone; this is done to identify the population groups that are faced with particularly high adaptation challenges. The results are analysed in the context of success and failure of implementing the Paris Agreement to evaluate how climate mitigation can reduce the future number of people exposed to severe hydrological change. The results show that without climate mitigation efforts, in the year 2100 about 4.9 billion people in the SSP2 population scenario would more likely than not be exposed to severe hydrological change, and about 2.1 billion of them would be faced with particularly high adaptation challenges due to already prevailing water scarcity. Limiting warming to 2 ∘C by a successful implementation of the Paris Agreement would strongly reduce these numbers to 615 million and 290 million, respectively. At the regional scale, substantial water-related risks remain at 2 ∘C, with more than 12 % of the population exposed to severe hydrological change and high adaptation challenges in Latin America and the Middle East and north Africa region. Constraining ΔTglob to 1.5 ∘C would limit this share to about 5 % in these regions.
THE EMERGENCE OF CHEMISTRY AND ITS ROLE IN OUR LIFE
Creators: name: Yulchiyeva, Oysara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Chemistry, often regarded as a central science, has a rich history that dates back thousands of years. It is a branch of science that studies the properties, composition, structure and transformations of matter. This article explores the origins of chemistry and shows its important role in our daily lives.
Microbial reductions and physical characterization of chitosan flocs when using chitosan acetate as a cloth filter aid in water treatment
Creators: name: Oza, H.H.
name: Coleman, C.K.
name: Sobsey, M.D.
name: Holmes, E.B.
name: Bailey, E.S.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 2.1 billion people lack access to safely managed water. Cloth filtration is often employed in rural and developing communities of South Asia for point-of-use water treatment, but bacteria and viruses are too small for efficient removal by this filtration method. Chitosan is a biodegradable, cationic, organic polymer derived from the chemical treatment of chitin that acts as a coagulant and flocculant of contaminant of microbes and other particles in water, thereby facilitating filtration of microbes. This research 1) evaluated the use of chitosan acetate as a pre-treatment coagulation-flocculation process followed by cloth filtration for microbial reductions and 2) assessed floc particle size under three stirring conditions. E. coli KO11 bacteria and MS2 coliphage virus removals were quantified using culture-based methods. Chitosan acetate coagulation-flocculation pre-treatment of water, followed by cloth filtration, met or exceeded the protective (2-star) WHO performance levels for bacteria (2 log10 reduction) and viruses (3 log10 reduction), and filtrate turbidity was consistently reduced to < 1 NTU, meeting United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and WHO targets.
(502574) John Charles Langlands
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the immunogenic regions of HIV-1 envelope reduce mucosal infection and virus burden in humanized mice
Creators: name: Finzi, A.
name: Lu, S.
name: Su, L.
name: Funaki, M.
name: Alvarez, R.
name: Liu, X.
name: Prévost, J.
name: Zolla-Pazner, S.
name: Feyznezhad, R.
name: Upadhyay, C.
name: Chen, B.K.
name: Heindel, D.W.
name: Wang, X.-H
name: Li, G.
name: Klingler, J.
name: Satija, N.
name: Spencer, D.A.
name: Tsahouridis, O.
name: Hioe, C.E.
name: Wang, S.
name: Tang, A.F.
name: Hu, G.
name: He, X.
name: Hessell, A.J.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Antibodies are principal immune components elicited by vaccines to induce protection from microbial pathogens. In the Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial, vaccine efficacy was 31% and the sole primary correlate of reduced risk was shown to be vigorous antibody response targeting the V1V2 region of HIV-1 envelope. Antibodies against V3 also were inversely correlated with infection risk in subsets of vaccinees. Antibodies recognizing these regions, however, do not exhibit potent neutralizing activity. Therefore, we examined the antiviral potential of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against immunodominant V1V2 and V3 sites by passive administration of human mAbs to humanized mice engrafted with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, followed by mucosal challenge with an HIV-1 infectious molecular clone expressing the envelope of a tier 2 resistant HIV-1 strain. Treatment with anti-V1V2 mAb 2158 or anti-V3 mAb 2219 did not prevent infection, but V3 mAb 2219 displayed a superior potency compared to V1V2 mAb 2158 in reducing virus burden. While these mAbs had no or weak neutralizing activity and elicited undetectable levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), V3 mAb 2219 displayed a greater capacity to bind virus- and cell-associated HIV-1 envelope and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and C1q complement binding as compared to V1V2 mAb 2158. Mutations in the Fc region of 2219 diminished these effector activities in vitro and lessened virus control in humanized mice. These results demonstrate the importance of Fc functions other than ADCC for antibodies without potent neutralizing activity.
Identifying barriers to ART initiation and adherence: An exploratory qualitative study on PMTCT in Zambia
Creators: name: Vinikoor, M.J.
name: Sharma, A.
name: Kanguya, T.
name: Chi, B.H.
name: Koyuncu, A.
name: Mubanga, M.
name: Mubiana-Mbewe, M.
name: Kusanathan, T.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Background Though antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely available, HIV positive pregnant women in Zambia are less likely to start and remain on therapy throughout pregnancy and after delivery. This study sought to understand readiness to start ART among HIV pregnant women from the perspectives of both women and men in order to suggest more holistic programs to support women to continue life-long ART after delivery. Methods We conducted a qualitative study with HIV positive pregnant women before and after ART initiation, and men with female partners, to understand readiness to start lifelong ART. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews among women and 2 focus group discussions among male partners. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed in NVivo 12 using thematic analysis. Emerging themes from the data were organized using the social ecological framework. Results Men thought of their female partners as young and needing their supervision to initiate and stay on ART. Women agreed that disclosure and partner support were necessary preconditions to ART initiation and adherence and, expressed fear of divorce as a prominent barrier to disclosure. Maternal love and desire to look after one’s children instilled a sense of responsibility among women which motivated them to overcome individual, interpersonal and health system level barriers to initiation and adherence. Women preferred adherence strategies that were discrete, the effectiveness of which, depended on women’s intrinsic motivation. Conclusion The results support current policies in Zambia to encourage male engagement in ART care. To appeal to male partners, messaging on ART should be centered on emphasizing the importance of male involvement to ensure women remain engaged in ART care. Programs aimed at supporting postpartum ART adherence should design messages that appeal to both men’s role in couples’ joint decision-making and women’s maternal love as motivators for adherence.
Relationship between metabolic and genomic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Creators: name: Laurentin, H.
name: Ratzinger, A.
name: Karlovsky, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Diversity estimates in cultivated plants provide a rationale for conservation strategies and support the selection of starting material for breeding programs. Diversity measures applied to crops usually have been limited to the assessment of genome polymorphism at the DNA level. Occasionally, selected morphological features are recorded and the content of key chemical constituents determined, but unbiased and comprehensive chemical phenotypes have not been included systematically in diversity surveys. Our objective in this study was to assess metabolic diversity in sesame by nontargeted metabolic profiling and elucidate the relationship between metabolic and genome diversity in this crop. Results: Ten sesame accessions were selected that represent most of the genome diversity of sesame grown in India, Western Asia, Sudan and Venezuela based on previous AFLP studies. Ethanolic seed extracts were separated by HPLC, metabolites were ionized by positive and negative electrospray and ions were detected with an ion trap mass spectrometer in full-scan mode for m/z from 50 to 1000. Genome diversity was determined by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) using eight primer pair combinations. The relationship between biodiversity at the genome and at the metabolome levels was assessed by correlation analysis and multivariate statistics. Conclusion: Patterns of diversity at the genomic and metabolic levels differed, indicating that selection played a significant role in the evolution of metabolic diversity in sesame. This result implies that when used for the selection of genotypes in breeding and conservation, diversity assessment based on neutral DNA markers should be complemented with metabolic profiles. We hypothesize that this applies to all crops with a long history of domestication that possess commercially relevant traits affected by chemical phenotypes.
(502250) Robert Creighton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Access to HIV care in jails: Perspectives from people living with HIV in North Carolina
Creators: name: Brown, Mersedes E.
name: Blue, Colleen
name: Bradley-Bull, Steve
name: Buchbinder, Mara
name: Rosen, David L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Most incarcerations for people living with HIV (PLWH) occur in jails, yet studies of HIV care during jail incarceration are limited. As part of a larger study to explore the ethical considerations in extending public health HIV surveillance to jail settings, we conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-three PLWH with more than 300 distinct jail incarcerations post HIV diagnosis in 21 unique North Carolina jails. Interviews included questions about HIV disclosure in jail, the type of HIV care received in jail, and overall experiences with HIV care in jail. We report on participants’ experiences and perspectives in four domains: access to HIV care in jail; impact of jail incarceration on continuity of HIV care; privacy and stigma; and satisfaction with HIV care in jail. Although most participants received HIV medications and saw providers while in jail, almost half reported that their greatest challenge in regard to HIV care was obtaining their HIV medications in the face of limited jail resources or policies that made access to medications difficult. Findings from this study suggest that jail leadership should review internal policies regarding HIV medications to ensure that PLWH can receive them quickly upon entry into jail. Findings also suggest that more external resources are needed, for example from state and local health departments, so that jails can provide timely HIV medications for PLWH incarcerated in their facilities.
The direct and indirect effects of community beliefs and attitudes on postpartum contraceptive method choice among young women ages 15–24 in Nigeria
Creators: name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Guilkey, David K.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Understanding what factors influence postpartum contraceptive use among young people (ages 15–24 years) is important since this group often has closely spaced and unintended births. Using secondary data gathered for an evaluation of a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funded initiative designed to increase modern contraceptive use in select urban areas of Nigeria, we determine the direct and indirect effects of community beliefs and attitudes on adolescent and youth postpartum contraceptive method choice. Our statistical methods control for the endogenous timing of the initiation of sexual activity and the timing and number of births to each respondent by simultaneous estimation of equations for these choices with the choice of postpartum contraceptive method. We find that community beliefs and attitudes have important effects on our primary outcome of postpartum contraceptive use and we quantify the size of both direct and indirect effects on postpartum contraceptive method choice using simulations. The findings from this study can be used to inform programs seeking to increase young women’s postpartum contraceptive use for healthy spacing and timing of births.
Self-organization in soliton modelocked parametric frequency combs
Creators: name: Wen, Y. Henry
name: Lamont, Michael R. E.
name: Kloumann, Isabel M.
name: Strogatz, Steven H.
name: Gaeta, Alexander L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that self-organization occurs in the phase dynamics of soliton modelocking in paramet- ric frequency combs. Reduction of the Lugiato-Lefever equation (LLE) to a simpler set of phase equations reveals that this self-organization arises via mechanisms akin to those in the Kuramoto model for synchronization of coupled oscillators. In addition, our simulations show that the phase equations evolve to a broadband phase-locked state, analogous to the soliton formation process in the LLE. Our simplified equations intuitively explain the origin of the pump phase offset in soliton- modelocked parametric frequency combs. They also predict that the phase of the intracavity field undergoes an anti-symmetrization that precedes phase synchronization, and they clarify the role of chaotic states in soliton formation in parametric combs.
(502135) James Fergusson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Highlights from COMPASS in hadron spectroscopy
Creators: name: Krinner, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since Quantum Choromdynamics allows for gluon self-coupling, quarks and gluons cannot be observed as free particles, but only their bound states, the hadrons. This so-called confinement phenomenon is responsible for $98\%$ of the mass in the visible universe. The measurement of the hadron excitation spectra therefore gives valuable input for theory and phenomenology to quantitatively understand this phenomenon. One simple model to describe hadrons is the Constituent Quark Model (CQM), which knows two types of hadrons: mesons, consisting of a quark and an antiquark, and baryons, which are made out of three quarks. More advanced models, which are inspired by QCD as well as calculations within Lattice QCD predict the existence of other types of hadrons, which may be e.g. described solely by gluonic excitations (glueballs) or mixed quark and gluon excitations (hybrids). In order to search for such states, the COMPASS experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN has collected large data sets, which allow to study the light-quark meson and baryon spectra in unmatched precision. The overview shown here focuses on the light meson sector, presenting a detailed Partial-Wave Analysis of the processes: $π^- p \to π^-π^+π^- p$ and $π^-p\to π^-π^0π^0p$. A new state, the $a_1(1420)$ with $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ is observed. Its Breit-Wigner parameters are found to be in the ranges: $m = 1412-1422\,\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ and $Γ= 130-150\,\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$. In the same analysis, a signal in a wave with $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ is observed. A resonant origin of this signal would not be explicable within the CQM. In addition to this possibility of an exotic state, a possible non resonant origin of this signal is discussed.
description: Proceedings of the International Conference Dark Matter, Hadron Physics and Fusion Physics Messina (Italy) - September 24-26, 2014, 8 pages, 16 figures
Exploring association between place of delivery and newborn care with early-neonatal mortality in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Tumlinson, Katherine
name: Ijdi, Rashida-E.
name: Curtis, Siân L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Objective Bangladesh achieved the fourth Millennium Development Goal well ahead of schedule, with a significant reduction in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015. However, the reduction in neonatal mortality has been stagnant in recent years. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between place of delivery and newborn care with early neonatal mortality (ENNM), which represents more than 80% of total neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. Methods In this study, 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data were used to assess early neonatal survival in children born in the three years preceding the survey. The roles of place of the delivery and newborn care in ENNM were examined using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for clustering and relevant socio-economic, pregnancy, and newborn characteristics. Results Between 2012 and 2014, there were 4,624 deliveries in 17,863 sampled households, 39% of which were delivered at health facilities. The estimated early neonatal mortality rate during this period was 15 deaths per 1,000 live births. We found that newborns who had received at least 3 components of essential newborn care (ENC) were 56% less likely to die during the first seven days of their lives compared to their counterparts who received 0–2 components of ENC (aOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.24–0.81). In addition, newborns who had received any postnatal care (PNC) were 68% less likely to die in the early neonatal period than those who had not received any PNC (aOR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16–0.64). Facility delivery was not significantly associated with the risk of early newborn death in any of the models. Conclusion Our study findings highlight the importance of newborn and postnatal care in preventing early neonatal deaths. Further, findings suggest that increasing the proportion of women who give birth in a healthcare facility is not sufficient to reduce ENNM by itself; to realize the theoretical potential of facility delivery to avert neonatal deaths, we must also ensure quality of care during delivery, guarantee all components of ENC, and provide high-quality early PNC. Therefore, sustained efforts to expand access to high-quality ENC and PNC are needed in health facilities, particularly in facilities serving low-income populations.
Super interactive promoters provide insight into cell type-specific regulatory networks in blood lineage cell types
Creators: name: Harigaya, Yuriko
name: Yang, Yuchen
name: Wen, Jia
name: Hu, Ming
name: Reiner, Alexander P.
name: Lagler, Taylor M.
name: Raffield, Laura M.
name: Li, Yun
name: Sankaran, Vijay G.
name: Chen, Jiawen
name: Sun, Quan
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Existing studies of chromatin conformation have primarily focused on potential enhancers interacting with gene promoters. By contrast, the interactivity of promoters per se, while equally critical to understanding transcriptional control, has been largely unexplored, particularly in a cell type-specific manner for blood lineage cell types. In this study, we leverage promoter capture Hi-C data across a compendium of blood lineage cell types to identify and characterize cell type-specific super-interactive promoters (SIPs). Notably, promoter-interacting regions (PIRs) of SIPs are more likely to overlap with cell type-specific ATAC-seq peaks and GWAS variants for relevant blood cell traits than PIRs of non-SIPs. Moreover, PIRs of cell-type-specific SIPs show enriched heritability of relevant blood cell trait (s), and are more enriched with GWAS variants associated with blood cell traits compared to PIRs of non-SIPs. Further, SIP genes tend to express at a higher level in the corresponding cell type. Importantly, SIP subnetworks incorporating cell-type-specific SIPs and ATAC-seq peaks help interpret GWAS variants. Examples include GWAS variants associated with platelet count near the megakaryocyte SIP gene EPHB3 and variants associated lymphocyte count near the native CD4 T-Cell SIP gene ETS1. Interestingly, around 25.7% ~ 39.6% blood cell traits GWAS variants residing in SIP PIR regions disrupt transcription factor binding motifs. Importantly, our analysis shows the potential of using promoter-centric analyses of chromatin spatial organization data to identify biologically important genes and their regulatory regions.
(502211) Joseph Snowball
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dynamics of optically injected currents in carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Bonilla, L. L.
name: Alvaro, M.
name: Carretero, M.
name: Sherman, E. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider theoretically the dynamics of electric currents optically injected in carbon nanotubes. Although the plasma oscillations are not seen in these systems, the main effect on the carrier's motion is due to strongly nonuniform space-charge Coulomb forces produced by time-dependent separation of injected electron and hole densities. We calculate evolution of the dipole moment characterizing the time- and coordinate-dependent charge density distributions and analyze different regimes of the dynamics. The developed time-dependent dipole moment leads to a dipole radiation in the THz frequency range for typical parameters of injected currents.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Covid 19 - A REVIEW OF SOME MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Creators: name: DATTA, JAYDIP
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In this Review I just point out only the Mathematical Methods of Analysis used my Publications . Like Exponential Series , Positive & Negative slope of a Linearity , Gaussiun distribution function in One dimension , Probability , Probability Density F ( x ) , LCAO study of Wave Function , Area ( Gaussiun ) , Area ( Flat Gaussiun or Pseudo Gaussiun ) .
Sobolev spaces, fine gradients and quasicontinuity on quasiopen sets
Creators: name: Björn, Anders
name: Björn, Jana
name: Latvala, Visa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 46E35, Secondary: 30L99, 31C40, 31C45, 31E05, 35J92

description: We study different definitions of Sobolev spaces on quasiopen sets in a complete metric space equipped with a doubling measure supporting a p-Poincaré inequality with 1
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1410.5167
Twenty years of change in benthic communities across the Belizean Barrier Reef
Creators: name: Castillo, Karl D.
name: McField, Melanie
name: Aronson, Richard B.
name: Valdivia, Abel
name: Alves, Catherine
name: Locklear, Zachary
name: Umbanhowar, James
name: Bruno, John F.
name: Mudge, Laura
name: Fieseler, Clare
name: Cox, Courtney
name: Bood, Nadia
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: Disease, storms, ocean warming, and pollution have caused the mass mortality of reef-building corals across the Caribbean over the last four decades. Subsequently, stony corals have been replaced by macroalgae, bacterial mats, and invertebrates including soft corals and sponges, causing changes to the functioning of Caribbean reef ecosystems. Here we describe changes in the absolute cover of benthic reef taxa, including corals, gorgonians, sponges, and algae, at 15 fore-reef sites (12–15m depth) across the Belizean Barrier Reef (BBR) from 1997 to 2016. We also tested whether Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), in which fishing was prohibited but likely still occurred, mitigated these changes. Additionally, we determined whether ocean-temperature anomalies (measured via satellite) or local human impacts (estimated using the Human Influence Index, HII) were related to changes in benthic community structure. We observed a reduction in the cover of reef-building corals, including the long-lived, massive corals Orbicella spp. (from 13 to 2%), and an increase in fleshy and corticated macroalgae across most sites. These and other changes to the benthic communities were unaffected by local protection. The covers of hard-coral taxa, including Acropora spp., Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella spp., and Porites spp., were negatively related to the frequency of ocean-temperature anomalies. Only gorgonian cover was related, negatively, to our metric of the magnitude of local impacts (HII). Our results suggest that benthic communities along the BBR have experienced disturbances that are beyond the capacity of the current management structure to mitigate. We recommend that managers devote greater resources and capacity to enforcing and expanding existing marine protected areas and to mitigating local stressors, and most importantly, that government, industry, and the public act immediately to reduce global carbon emissions.
Effective data quality management in digital close-range surveying. Comparing two techniques
Creators: name: di Filippo, Andrea
name: Antinozzi, Sara
name: Güidi, Neri Edgardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401304
subject: Photogrammetry and remote sensing

description: The geometric description of surfaces in the digital environment is frequently conducted using reality-based models, which, among many other aspects, may constitute one of the new ways of representing and disseminating heritage. However, the choice of the most suitable survey instrument is still a debated issue, partly due to the absence of a commonly accepted approach to assess its accuracy. Accordingly, it is agreed that the fulfilment of the specific requirements of the application to be conducted depends on the careful assessment of the accuracy of the measurement instruments. The subject becomes more complex as it should consider both geometric and colorimetric factors. By restricting itself to geometry alone, this study presents a comparison for evaluating the quality of digital models obtained from two different approaches: close-range photogrammetry and structured light handheld scanning. The achieved accuracy is derived from a comparison with a third homologous model. The primary objective is to provide a strategy for the mindful managing of survey data for a multidisciplinary approach to the survey and representation of heritage objects.
Sequence alignments in philip format for species tree
Creators: name: Huang, Lily
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Animal systematics and taxonomy

description: Symbol:Scientific Name CGOBI:Cottoperca gobio CLUMP:Cyclopterus lumpus DRERI:Danio rerio ELANC:Epinephelus lanceolatus ESPEC:Etheostoma spectabile GACUL:Gasterosteus aculeatus LOCUL:Lepisosteus oculatus PFLAV:Perca flavescens PGEOR:Pseudochaenichthys georgianus PGUNN:Pholis gunnellus PLEOP:Plectropomus leopardus RFULV:Tachysurus fulvidraco SLUCI:Sander lucioperca STONE:Synanceia verrucosa SUMBO:Sebastes umbrosus TAMAZ:Thalassophryne amazonica TBUBA:Taurulus bubalis TRUBR:Takifugu rubripes
Covid 19 - A MATHEMATICAL REVIEW
Creators: name: DATTA, JAYDIP
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In this Review I just point out only the Mathematical Methods of Analysis used my Publications . Like Exponential Series , Positive & Negative slope of a Linearity , Gaussiun distribution function in One dimension , Probability , Probability Density F ( x ) , LCAO study of Wave Function .Area ( Gaussiun ) , Area ( Flat Gaussiun or Pseudo Gaussiun ) .
(502265) Richard Christopher Rapier
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Untitled Item
Creators: name: di Filippo, Andrea
name: Antinozzi, Sara
name: Güidi, Neri Edgardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401304
subject: Photogrammetry and remote sensing

description: The geometric description of surfaces in the digital environment is frequently conducted using reality-based models, which, among many other aspects, may constitute one of the new ways of representing and disseminating heritage. However, the choice of the most suitable survey instrument is still a debated issue, partly due to the absence of a commonly accepted approach to assess its accuracy. Accordingly, it is agreed that the fulfilment of the specific requirements of the application to be conducted depends on the careful assessment of the accuracy of the measurement instruments. The subject becomes more complex as it should consider both geometric and colorimetric factors. By restricting itself to geometry alone, this study presents a comparison for evaluating the quality of digital models obtained from two different approaches: close-range photogrammetry and structured light handheld scanning. The achieved accuracy is derived from a comparison with a third homologous model. The primary objective is to provide a strategy for the mindful managing of survey data for a multidisciplinary approach to the survey and representation of heritage objects.
(502212) Thomas Sample
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
One fish, two fish, red fish, dead fish: Detecting the genomic footprint of ecological incompatibilities
Creators: name: Coughlan, Jenn
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2022

description: As we uncover the ubiquity of hybridization in nature, determining how natural selection acts on hybrids has newfound importance for speciation. A study in PLOS Biology uses threespine stickleback to detect a genomic signature of ecological incompatibilities.