cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characterizing wind turbine inflow and wakes through comparison of SODAR and met tower observations--A part of TWICS: The turbine wake inflow characterization study
Creators: name: Pollak, Daniel
name: Lundquist, Julie
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

Wind offers an inexhaustible domestic energy source with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. To maximize energy generation from wind turbines it is essential to understand the influence of inflow conditions and wakes on wind turbine energy production. In accordance with this goal, the TWICS field campaign was conducted in April and May 2011 at the National Renewable Energy Lab's (NREL) National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in the complex terrain downwind of Colorado's Front Range mountains. TWICS employed meteorological monitoring towers and remote sensing systems to provide a three dimensional spatio-temporal illustration of the inflow to and wake from a 2.3 MW turbine with a 100 meter rotor diameter. An important step in analyzing the TWICS data was quantifying the performance of the different measurement devices that were used. This research compares simultaneous measurements taken during TWICS by a Second Wind Triton Sodar and from the NREL M2 80 meter meteorological tower, which were located one kilometer apart. During the TWICS campaign, we found strong linear correlations between wind speed measurements at 50 and 80 meters from the sodar and met tower. The high correlation suggests that flow is usually homogenous across the NWTC at time scales of ten minutes, but that there are also occasional periods of inhomogeneous flow. Wind speed correlations were also found to vary with time of day. This diurnal variation could represent different conditions at the sodar and tower site because of localized heating and turbulent mixing, but may also be due to changes in sodar performance as atmospheric stability changes during the course of the day. Results from this research will feed into future analysis of data collected during TWICS and help improve our understanding of turbine performance in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Standard Model Predictions for Rare K and B Decays without New Physics Infection
Creators: name: Buras, Andrzej J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model (SM) does not contain by definition any new physics (NP) contributions to any observable but contains four CKM parameters which are not predicted by this model. We point out that if these four parameters are determined in a global fit that includes processes which are infected by NP, the resulting SM contributions to rare decay branching ratios cannot be considered as true SM contributions to the latter. On the other hand true SM predictions, that are free from the CKM dependence, can be obtained for suitable ratios of the $K$ and $B$ rare decay branching ratios to $ΔM_s$, $ΔM_d$ and $|\varepsilon_K|$, all calculated within the SM. These three observables contain by now only small hadronic uncertainties and are already well measured so that rather precise true SM predictions for the ratios in question can be obtained. In this context the rapid test of NP infection in the $ΔF=2$ sector is provided by a $|V_{cb}|-γ$ plot that involves $ΔM_s$, $ΔM_d$, $|\varepsilon_K|$, and the mixing induced CP-asymmetry $S_{ψK_S}$. As with the present hadronic matrix elements this test turns out to be negative, assuming negligible NP infection in the $ΔF=2$ sector and setting the values of these four observables to the experimental ones, allows to obtain SM predictions for all $K$ and $B$ rare decay branching ratios that are most accurate to date and as a byproduct to obtain the full CKM matrix on the basis of $ΔF=2$ transitions alone. Using this strategy we obtain SM predictions for 26 branching ratios for rare semileptonic and leptonic $K$ and $B$ decays with the $μ^+μ^-$ pair or the $ν\barν$ pair in the final state. Most interesting turn out to be the anomalies in the low $q^2$ bin in $B^+\to K^+μ^+μ^-$ ($4.4σ$) and $B_s\to ϕμ^+μ^-$ ($4.8σ$).
description: V5: Modifications due to BELLE II result given in magenta color on pages 9, 16 and 18. New references added
Isomorph invariance in the liquid and plastic-crystal phases of asymmetric-dumbbell models
Creators: name: Attia, Eman
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
name: Pedersen, Ulf R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical study of the asymmetric dumbbell model consisting of ``molecules'' constructed as two different-sized Lennard-Jones spheres connected by a rigid bond. In terms of the largest (A) particle radius, we report data for the structure and dynamics of the liquid phase for the bond lengths 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5, and analogous data for the plastic-crystal phase for the bond lengths 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. Structure is probed by means of the AA, AB, and BB radial distribution functions. Dynamics is probed via the A and B particle mean-square displacement as functions of time and via the rotational time-autocorrelation function. Consistent with the systems' strong virial potential-energy correlations, the structure and dynamics are found to be isomorph invariant to a good approximation in reduced units, while they generally vary considerably along isotherms of the same (20%) density variation. Even the rotational time-autocorrelation function, which due to the constant bond length is not predicted to be isomorph invariant, varies more along isotherms than along isomorphs. Our findings provide the first validation of isomorph-theory predictions for plastic crystals for which isomorph invariance, in fact, is found to apply better than in the liquid phase of asymmetric-dumbbell models.
Urosomoida agiliformis Foissner 1982
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Hypotrichea
Oxytrichida
Oxytrichidae
Urosomoida
Urosomoida agiliformis

description: Urosomoida agiliformis Foissner, 1982
Distribution. VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Uniqueness of inverse source problems for time-fractional diffusion equations with singular functions in time
Creators: name: Liu, Yikan
name: Yamamoto, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a fractional diffusion equations of order $α\in(0,1)$ whose source term is singular in time: $(\partial_t^α+A)u(x,t)=μ(t)f(x)$, $(x,t)\inΩ\times(0,T)$, where $μ$ belongs to a Sobolev space of negative order. In inverse source problems of determining $f|_Ω$ by the data $u|_{ω\times(0,T)}$ with a given subdomain $ω\subsetΩ$ or $μ|_{(0,T)}$ by the data $u|_{\{x_0\}\times(0,T)}$ with a given point $x_0\inΩ$, we prove the uniqueness by reducing to the case $μ\in L^2(0,T)$. The key is a transformation of a solution to an initial-boundary value problem with a regular function in time.
description: 15 pages
Program coordinators' perceptions of effective national citizen science programs and their impacts: An exploratory study
Creators: name: Clarke, Karl
name: Eastburn, Teresa
name: Charlevoix, Donna
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

The increasing desire to engage the public in science and research has advanced citizen science as a valuable and popular means to this end. Citizen science, a process by which concerned individuals, agencies, industries or community groups collaborate to monitor, track, and respond to issues of common community concerns, has evolved and grown over the past decade. Much of the citizen science research thus far has primarily focused on the public participants (citizen scientists) and/or organizations themselves. This study looks instead at the people, the coordinators, implementing or coordinating citizen science programs and activities, specifically in the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRaHS), and their perceptions for program effectiveness. CoCoRaHS is a national program in which citizens monitor, record, and report precipitation conditions from backyard observations. Semi-structured interviews and an online survey completed by the program's coordinators in the state of Colorado found that the effectiveness of CoCoRaHS depends less on the interactions of the coordinators with each other, or funding impacts on program activities, but rather on the interactions between coordinators and citizen scientists. The effectiveness of CoCoRaHS was perceived to depend more significantly on the connections coordinators have with the community of program users and citizen scientists, and a supportive culture within the program. The next step in this exploratory study, therefore, is to explore these interactions between coordinators and the citizen scientists to develop a better understanding of the nature of their participation, and to describe commonalities within interactions and behaviors that ultimately result.
Bridge configurations in piezoresistive two-axis accelerometers
Creators: name: Halvorsen, E.
name: Husa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In piezoresisitive two-axis accelerometers with two proof masses suspended by cantilever beams, there are generally many ways to configure the Wheatstone bridges. The configurations are different both with respect to functionality and performance. The main distinction is between bridges that contain resistors belonging to both proof masses, and the one bridge that doesn't. We compare the different bridge configurations by analytical calculations of bridge non-linearity, robustness towards manufacturing variations and electronic noise. We consider accelerometers where the ratio between the sensitivity to acceleration normal and parallel to the chip plane vary over a wide range. For numerical examples we use representative values for p-type silicon. The performance of the configuration with one bridge connected to each proof mass is superior to those that combine resistors belonging to different proof masses.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Accent Estimation of Japanese Words from Their Surfaces and Romanizations for Building Large Vocabulary Accent Dictionaries
Creators: name: Tachibana, Hideyuki
name: Katayama, Yotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In Japanese text-to-speech (TTS), it is necessary to add accent information to the input sentence. However, there are a limited number of publicly available accent dictionaries, and those dictionaries e.g. UniDic, do not contain many compound words, proper nouns, etc., which are required in a practical TTS system. In order to build a large scale accent dictionary that contains those words, the authors developed an accent estimation technique that predicts the accent of a word from its limited information, namely the surface (e.g. kanji) and the yomi (simplified phonetic information). It is experimentally shown that the technique can estimate accents with high accuracies, especially for some categories of words. The authors applied this technique to an existing large vocabulary Japanese dictionary NEologd, and obtained a large vocabulary Japanese accent dictionary. Many cases have been observed in which the use of this dictionary yields more appropriate phonetic information than UniDic.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. IEEE ICASSP 2020
Vortex Structures Formed by the Interference of Sliced Condensates
Creators: name: Carretero-Gonzalez, R.
name: Whitaker, N.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Frantzeskakis, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of vortices, vortex necklaces and vortex ring structures as a result of the interference of higher-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). This study is motivated by earlier theoretical results pertaining to the formation of dark solitons by interfering quasi one-dimensional BECs, as well as recent experiments demonstrating the formation of vortices by interfering higher-dimensional BECs. Here, we demonstrate the genericity of the relevant scenario, but also highlight a number of additional possibilities emerging in higher-dimensional settings. A relevant example is, e.g., the formation of a "cage" of vortex rings surrounding the three-dimensional bulk of the condensed atoms. The effects of the relative phases of the different BEC fragments and the role of damping due to coupling with the thermal cloud are also discussed. Our predictions should be immediately tractable in currently existing experimental BEC setups.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures (low res). To appear in Phys. Rev. A. Full resolution preprint available at: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~rcarrete/publications/
Long-time asymptotic estimate and a related inverse source problem for time-fractional wave equations
Creators: name: Huang, Xinchi
name: Liu, Yikan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Lying between traditional parabolic and hyperbolic equations, time-fractional wave equations of order $α\in(1,2)$ in time inherit both decaying and oscillating properties. In this article, we establish a long-time asymptotic estimate for homogeneous time-fractional wave equations, which readily implies the strict positivity/negativity of the solution for $t\gg1$ under some sign conditions on initial values. As a direct application, we prove the uniqueness for a related inverse source problem on determining the temporal component.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Comparison of monoterpene oil composition and volatile emissions from ponderosa and Austrian pine
Creators: name: Eav, Jenny
name: Greenberg, James
name: Smith, Anne
name: Abshire, Wendy
name: Detweiler, Raymond
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

Monoterpenes (C₁₀H₁₆) are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) naturally emitted into the atmosphere from vegetation, especially flowering plants and conifers. VOCs play a role in controlling atmospheric chemistry and they participate in the formation of air pollutants, such as ozone. Monoterpene emissions from vegetation are species-specific and strongly dependent on temperature. There have been no detailed studies that correlate monoterpene emissions into the atmosphere with monoterpenes found in storage reservoirs in plant foliage nor are there detailed studies that describe the variability of monoterpene composition within individual plants and between plants of the same species. Using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector, this study surveyed the variation in concentration and composition of monoterpenes in Pinus ponderosa and Pinus nigra needles to determine (1) whether variation occurs between needle orientation (e.g., north-, east-, west-, south-facing) or needle age within individual trees (new, one-, and two-year-old needles); (2) whether variation of oil composition exists among different trees of the same species, and (3) whether differences occur between monoterpene composition stored within needles and emissions. Results show that compositions and concentrations did not differ in samples taken from different positions within a tree, but they do differ between age groups in ponderosa pine. Additionally, sabinene and myrcene were found in emission samples in the presence of light, but not in monoterpene pools of Austrian pine needles, suggesting that they are produced and emitted immediately and not stored. Future study will develop a numerical model for emissions incorporating temperature and concentrations.
Online Sensor Testing through Superposition of Encoded Stimulus
Creators: name: Dumas, N.
name: Xu, Z.
name: Georgopopoulos, K.
name: Bunyan, J.
name: Richardson, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online monitoring remains an important requirement for a range of microsystems. The solution based on the injection of an actuating test stimulus into the bias structure of active devices holds great potential. This paper presents an improved solution that aims to remove the measurand-induced signal from the sensor output. It involves encoding the test stimulus and using a covariance algorithm to reject the signal that does not contain the code. The trade-off between the sine wave rejection ratio of the technique and the test time response is studied and, in the case of a MEMS accelerometer, it is demonstrated that the rejection is higher than 14dB for a test time of about 0.7s. Furthermore, the accuracy of the test signal can be evaluated to guarantee the integrity of the online test output.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Dissecting My Data Body: How to Know Thyself as a Virtual Reality in the Digital Age
Creators: Oliver, Marilène
Smallwood, Scott
Moore, Stephan
Carpenter, J.R.
Cohn, Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Abstract (from author, in quotation marks):

"We are constantly being warned that our personal data is vulnerable, that it is being used and abused by artificial intelligence, giant tech corporations and controlling governments. But do we really understand what “our data” consists of and what can be done with and to it? Is it possible to unravel the complex entanglements of data gathering and processing technologies in order to see and understand our data in a meaningful way? My Data Body is a virtual reality (VR) artwork that brings together some of our most personal and sensitive data such as medical scans, social media, biometric and social security data in an attempt to make visible and manipulable our many intersecting data corpuses so that they can be held, inspected, dissected and played with as a way to start understanding and answering these questions. My Data Body has been created as part of the interdisciplinary project Know Thyself as a Virtual Reality (KTVR), a multi-faceted project that explores the ethics and aesthetics of the contemporary “data body”. KTVR brings together researchers across the arts and sciences, to innovate new creatives methodologies, educational resources and ethical guidelines for working artistically with personal data."
Analysis of moisture transport and its impact on mid-latitude precipitation by tropical storm Hermine (2010) using WRF simulations
Creators: name: Vincente, Vanessa
name: Schumacher, Russ
name: Weber, William
name: Melhado, Loretta
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

Recent research has shown that predecessor rain events (PREs), regions of heavy rainfall that occur well in advance of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs), can enhance mid-latitude precipitation. Since numerical weather prediction serves as a key component in developing precipitation forecasts, it is important to assess its performance with these high-impact rain events. Understanding the meteorological factors responsible for the influence TC-PREs have on mid-latitude precipitation will help forecasters recognize model limitations. This study investigated 1) the difficulties of simulating mesoscale processes and 2) the synoptic-scale interactions that contributed to the heavy precipitation associated with one TC-PRE event over the Southern Plains region of the U.S. on 6-9 September 2010. Model output of Tropical Storm Hermine was retrieved from version 3.3 of the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) numerical weather model and compared with surface precipitation observations. Discrepancies were observed in the simulation, such as the under-estimated magnitude, western bias, spread, and structure characteristics of the precipitation. Very high moisture content was indicated by the high precipitable water values that accompanied Hermine as it moved further inland. Southerly winds associated with Hermine's circulation helped advect this rich moisture northward into Oklahoma and Arkansas. An approaching frontal boundary from the northwest served as a lifting mechanism to precipitate the moisture, and led to the development of the PRE. These observations emphasize the role TC moisture plays in producing PRE events, and how being able to quantify that effect will improve practices for effective TC-PRE precipitation forecasts.
Deep Residual Local Feature Learning for Speech Emotion Recognition
Creators: name: Singkul, Sattaya
name: Chatchaisathaporn, Thakorn
name: Suntisrivaraporn, Boontawee
name: Woraratpanya, Kuntpong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is becoming a key role in global business today to improve service efficiency, like call center services. Recent SERs were based on a deep learning approach. However, the efficiency of deep learning depends on the number of layers, i.e., the deeper layers, the higher efficiency. On the other hand, the deeper layers are causes of a vanishing gradient problem, a low learning rate, and high time-consuming. Therefore, this paper proposed a redesign of existing local feature learning block (LFLB). The new design is called a deep residual local feature learning block (DeepResLFLB). DeepResLFLB consists of three cascade blocks: LFLB, residual local feature learning block (ResLFLB), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). LFLB is built for learning local correlations along with extracting hierarchical correlations; DeepResLFLB can take advantage of repeatedly learning to explain more detail in deeper layers using residual learning for solving vanishing gradient and reducing overfitting; and MLP is adopted to find the relationship of learning and discover probability for predicted speech emotions and gender types. Based on two available published datasets: EMODB and RAVDESS, the proposed DeepResLFLB can significantly improve performance when evaluated by standard metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted for review
Determining electronic properties from L-edge X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal compounds with artificial neural networks
Creators: name: Lueder, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L-edge probes transitions of 2p-electrons into unoccupied d-states. Applied to transition metal atoms, this experimental technique can provide valuable information about the electronic structure of d-states. However, multiplet effects, spin-orbit coupling, a large number of possible transitions can cause a rather involved nature of 2p XAS spectra, which can often complicate extracting of information directly from them. Here, artificial neural networks trained on simulated spectra of a 2p XAS model Hamiltonian are presented that can directly determine information about atomic properties and the electronic configuration of d-states from L-edge X-ray absorption spectra. Moreover, the adaptable nature of artificial neural networks (ANNs) allows extending their capability to obtain information about the electronic ground state and core hole lifetimes from 2p XAS spectra as well as to incorporate external factors, such as temperature and experimental convolution that can affect details in spectral features. The effects of noise and background contributions in spectra on the accuracy of ANNs are discussed and the method is validated on experimental spectra of transition metal compounds, including metal-organic molecules and metal oxides.
From Hugo’s "Hernani" and "Le roi s’amuse" to Verdi’s "Ernani" and "Rigoletto" : new directions in theatre and music
Creators: name: Gordon, Christopher William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis I propose to examine the process by which two romantic dramas of Victor Hugo--"Hemani" and "Le Roi s'amuse"--were transformed first into libretti by Francesco Maria Piave, and then into-operas by Giuseppe Verdi. Most scholars and critics agree that Piave's and Verdi's adaptations of Hugo's plays are the more successful as dramatic works, and one of my objectives is to illustrate why this judgement has been made. Since both the plays and the operas in question are products of European romanticism, they are infused with the revolutionary spirit that characterizes many of the artistic endeavours of the time. Since both Hugo's and Verdi's art was often viewed as politically subversive, it was subjected to official scrutiny and censorship. Thus, my second main objective is to show how Hugo and Verdi played active roles in the struggle for political and artistic freedom in nineteenth-century European society. My approach throughout the thesis is primarily historical , since the artistic creations of both Hugo and Verdi were clearly a reflection of the social and political upheavals of their times.
Bidirectional Integrated Sensing and Communication: Full-Duplex or Half-Duplex?
Creators: name: Wang, Zhaolin
name: Mu, Xidong
name: Liu, Yuanwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A bidirectional integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system is proposed, in which a pair of transceivers carry out two-way communication and mutual sensing. Both full-duplex and half-duplex operations in narrowband and wideband systems are conceived for the bidirectional ISAC. 1) For the narrowband system, the conventional full-duplex and half-duplex operations are redesigned to take into account sensing echo signals. Then, the transmit beamforming design of both transceivers is proposed for addressing the sensing and communication (S&C) tradeoff. A one-layer iterative algorithm relying on successive convex approximation (SCA) is proposed to obtain Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimal solutions. 2) For the wideband system, the new full-duplex and half-duplex operations are proposed for the bidirectional ISAC. In particular, the frequency-selective fading channel is tackled by delay pre-compensation and path-based beamforming. By redesigning the proposed SCA-based algorithm, the KKT optimal solutions for path-based beamforming for characterizing the S&C tradeoff are obtained. Finally, the numerical results show that: i) For both bandwidth scenarios, the existence of the interference introduced by sensing results in full-duplex may not always outperform half-duplex, especially in the sensing-prior regime or when the communication channel is line-of-sight-dominated; and ii) For both duplex operations, it is sufficient to reuse communication signals for sensing in the narrowband system, while an additional dedicated sensing signal is required in the wideband system.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Multi shocks in Reaction-diffusion models
Creators: name: Arabsalmani, Maryam
name: Aghamohammadi, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown, concerning equivalent classes, that on a one-dimensional lattice with nearest neighbor interaction, there are only four independent models possessing double-shocks. Evolution of the width of the double-shocks in different models is investigated. Double-shocks may vanish, and the final state is a state with no shock. There is a model for which at large times the average width of double-shocks will become smaller. Although there may exist stationary single-shocks in nearest neighbor reaction diffusion models, it is seen that in none of these models, there exist any stationary double-shocks. Models admitting multi-shocks are classified, and the large time behavior of multi-shock solutions is also investigated.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX2e, minor revision
Ab initio study and assignment of electronic states in molecular RaCl
Creators: name: Isaev, T. A.
name: Zaitsevskii, A. V.
name: Oleynichenko, A.
name: Eliav, E.
name: Breier, A. A.
name: Giesen, T. F.
name: Ruiz, R. F. Garcia
name: Berger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radium compounds have attracted recently considerable attention due to both development of experimental techniques for high-precision laser spectroscopy of molecules with short-lived nuclei and amenability of certain radium compounds for direct cooling with lasers. Currently, radium monofluoride (RaF) is one of the most studied molecules among the radium compounds, both theoretically and recently also experimentally. Complementary studies of further diatomic radium derivatives are highly desired to assess the influence of chemical substitution on diverse molecular parameters, especially on those connected with laser cooling, such as vibronic transition probabilities, and those related to violations of fundamental symmetries. In this article high-precision \emph{ab initio} studies of electronic and vibronic levels of diatomic radium monochloride (RaCl) are presented. Recently developed approaches for treating electronic correlation with Fock-space coupled cluster methods are applied for this purpose. Theoretical results are compared to an early experimental investigation by Lagerqvist and used to partially reassign the experimentally observed transitions and molecular electronic levels of RaCl. Effective constants of $\mathcal{P}$-odd hyperfine interaction $W_{\rm{a}}$ and $\mathcal{P,T}$-odd scalar-pseudoscalar nucleus-electron interaction $W_{\rm{s}}$ in the ground electronic state of RaCl are estimated within the framework of a quasirelativistic Zeroth-Order Regular Approximation approach and compared to parameters in RaF and RaOH.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables
Modeling of T-Shaped Microcantilever Resonators
Creators: name: Narducci, M.
name: Figueras, E.
name: Gracia, I.
name: Fonseca, L.
name: Santander, J.
name: Cané, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The extensive research and development of micromechanical resonators is trying to allow the use of these devices for highly sensitive applications. Microcantilevers are some of the simplest MEMS structure and had been proved to be a good platform due to its excellent mechanical properties. A cantilever working in dynamic mode, adjust its resonance frequency depending on changes in both the spring constant (k) and mass (m) of the resonator. The aim of this work was to model a cantilever structure to determine the optimal dimensions in which the resonance frequency would be a function dominated by mass changes and not stiffness changes. In order to validate the model a set of microcantilevers were fabricated and characterized.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Examining ionization parameterizations for energetic electrons in the ionosphere using TIME-GCM simulations
Creators: name: Woolman, Alexandra
name: Lu, Gang
name: Henson, Robert
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

Energetic electrons in the upper atmosphere influence atmospheric dynamics and ionize chemical species; these processes ultimately affect the atmosphere's chemical composition. Two important chemical constituents affected by electron ionization are HOx and NOx, whose presence and mechanisms contribute to ozone destruction. Therefore, energetic particles have an important influence on dynamical and chemical processes in the upper atmosphere. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM) has been developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to study the upper atmosphere at altitudes between 30 and 500 km. Currently, TIME-GCM only includes effects from lower-energy auroral electrons (those with energies less than 30 keV). The purpose of this study is to incorporate higher-energy electrons (those having energies between 30 keV and 1 MeV) into TIME-GCM, then study their effects. To represent these higher-energy electrons, two parameterization codes have been tested in TIME-GCM. The first parameterization code applies a Maxwellian distribution, while the second uses in-situ measurements of electron distribution to calculate ionization rates. The runs were then compared with base runs that did not contain either parameterization and also with satellite measurements. The second parameterization produced higher ionization rates and electron densities at lower altitudes. It also generated neutral temperatures and NO values that are in better agreement with satellite observations, making it a more accurate depiction of this region. Model improvements such as these are crucial to better simulate the upper atmosphere and to improve our understanding of atmospheric physics.
On graded $I_{e}$-prime submodules of graded modules over graded commutative rings
Creators: name: Alghueiri, Shatha
name: Al-Zoubi, Khaldoun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. Let $R$ be a $G$-graded commutative ring with identity and $M$ a graded $R$-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded $I_{e}$-prime submodule as a generalization of a graded prime submodule for $I=\oplus_{g\in G}I_{g}$ a fixed graded ideal of $R$. We give a number of results concerning of these classes of graded submodules and their homogeneous components. A proper graded submodule $N$ of $M$ is said to be a graded $I_{e}$-prime submodule of $M$ if whenever $% r_{g}\in h(R)$ and $m_{h}\in h(M)$ with $r_{g}m_{h}\in N-I_{e}N,$ then either $r_{g}\in (N:_{R}M)$ or $m_{h}\in N.$
DeepTaster: Adversarial Perturbation-Based Fingerprinting to Identify Proprietary Dataset Use in Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Park, Seonhye
name: Abuadbba, Alsharif
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Moore, Kristen
name: Gao, Yansong
name: Kim, Hyoungshick
name: Nepal, Surya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training deep neural networks (DNNs) requires large datasets and powerful computing resources, which has led some owners to restrict redistribution without permission. Watermarking techniques that embed confidential data into DNNs have been used to protect ownership, but these can degrade model performance and are vulnerable to watermark removal attacks. Recently, DeepJudge was introduced as an alternative approach to measuring the similarity between a suspect and a victim model. While DeepJudge shows promise in addressing the shortcomings of watermarking, it primarily addresses situations where the suspect model copies the victim's architecture. In this study, we introduce DeepTaster, a novel DNN fingerprinting technique, to address scenarios where a victim's data is unlawfully used to build a suspect model. DeepTaster can effectively identify such DNN model theft attacks, even when the suspect model's architecture deviates from the victim's. To accomplish this, DeepTaster generates adversarial images with perturbations, transforms them into the Fourier frequency domain, and uses these transformed images to identify the dataset used in a suspect model. The underlying premise is that adversarial images can capture the unique characteristics of DNNs built with a specific dataset. To demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepTaster, we evaluated the effectiveness of DeepTaster by assessing its detection accuracy on three datasets (CIFAR10, MNIST, and Tiny-ImageNet) across three model architectures (ResNet18, VGG16, and DenseNet161). We conducted experiments under various attack scenarios, including transfer learning, pruning, fine-tuning, and data augmentation. Specifically, in the Multi-Architecture Attack scenario, DeepTaster was able to identify all the stolen cases across all datasets, while DeepJudge failed to detect any of the cases.
Analysis of Field Permeability and Laboratory Shear Stress for Western Kentucky Parkway, Milepost 18.240 to Milepost 25.565, Caldwell-Hopkins Counties
Creators: name: Allen, David L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report lists and discusses results of field permeability tests and laboratory shear tests on samples from a construction project on the Western Kentucky Parkway in Caldwell-Hopkins Counties. Approximately 6,500 tons of asphaltic concrete overlay placed on this project failed to meet minimum density requirements.  Field permeability tests were performed and the results showed that in areas where the mat failed to meet density requirements there was very high permeability in those locations.  The laboratory shear tests also showed that there was a direct relationship between shear strength and density. A linear elastic layer stress analysis also indicated that the shear strength of all of the laboratory tests specimens except one was less than the theoretical stresses that would occur under wheel loadings experienced in the field.  It was concluded that the overlay would probably have a shortened service due to the low densities which would possibly cause excessive raveling and rutting. It was recommended the material be removed and replaced.
Continual Lifelong Learning in Natural Language Processing: A Survey
Creators: name: Biesialska, Magdalena
name: Biesialska, Katarzyna
name: Costa-jussà, Marta R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Continual learning (CL) aims to enable information systems to learn from a continuous data stream across time. However, it is difficult for existing deep learning architectures to learn a new task without largely forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Furthermore, CL is particularly challenging for language learning, as natural language is ambiguous: it is discrete, compositional, and its meaning is context-dependent. In this work, we look at the problem of CL through the lens of various NLP tasks. Our survey discusses major challenges in CL and current methods applied in neural network models. We also provide a critical review of the existing CL evaluation methods and datasets in NLP. Finally, we present our outlook on future research directions.
description: COLING 2020
Theory of high bias Coulomb Blockade in ultrashort molecules
Creators: name: Muralidharan, Bhaskaran
name: Ghosh, Avik W
name: Pati, Swapan K
name: Datta, Supriyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that single electron charging effects such as Coulomb Blockade (CB) and high-bias staircases play a crucial role in transport through single ultrashort molecules. A treatment of Coulomb Blockade through a prototypical molecule, benzene, is developed using a master-equation in its complete many-electron Fock space, evaluated through exact diagonalization or full Configuration Interaction (CI). This approach can explain a whole class of non-trivial experimental features including vanishing zero bias conductances, sharp current onsets followed by ohmic current rises, and gateable current levels and conductance structures, most of which cannot be captured even qualitatively within the traditional Self Consistent Field (SCF) approach coupled with perturbative transport theories. By comparing the two approaches, namely SCF and CB, in the limit of weak coupling to the electrode, we establish that the inclusion of strong-correlations within the molecule becomes critical in addressing the above experiments. Our approach includes on-bridge-correlations fully, and is therefore well-suited for describing transport through short molecules in the limit of weak coupling to electrodes.
description: 19 pages 5 figures
Novel Bonding technologies for wafer-level transparent packaging of MOEMS
Creators: name: Kirchberger, H.
name: Lindler, P.
name: Wimpliger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Depending on the type of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS), packaging costs are contributing up to 80% of the total device cost. Each MEMS device category, its function and operational environment will individually dictate the packaging requirement. Due to the lack of standardized testing procedures, the reliability of those MEMS packages sometimes can only be proven by taking into consideration its functionality over lifetime. Innovation with regards to cost reduction and standardization in the field of packaging is therefore of utmost importance to the speed of commercialisation of MEMS devices. Nowadays heavily driven by consumer applications the MEMS device market is forecasted to enjoy a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) above 13%, which is when compared to the IC device market, an outstanding growth rate. Nevertheless this forecasted value can drift upwards or downwards depending on the rate of innovation in the field of packaging. MEMS devices typically require a specific fabrication process where the device wafer is bonded to a second wafer which effectively encapsulates the MEMS structure. This method leaves the device free to move within a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Evaluation of the new crop option in the CAM4/CLM4CN using Midwestern U.S.A. site observations
Creators: name: Boone, Graylen
name: Levis, Samuel
name: Allen, Laura
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

As the issue of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, becomes more prevalent in studying land-climate interactions, models that accurately represent vegetation are critically important since plants store and emit large amounts of COâ. Recent studies note that climate models fail to reproduce observational data of phenology. Evaluating models against observations helps identify needs and approaches for model improvement. The focus of this study is to evaluate the performance of the new crop option in the CLM4CN/CAM4 by comparing two sensitivities of the coupled simulation to observed data gathered from the Ameriflux network website. The Late-planting simulation prescribes planting crops as late as the conditions in the simulation allow, while the Crop simulation plants crops whenever the conditions allow during the planting period. The selected locations, Bondville, IL( US-Bo1), Ponca City OK (US-Pon), and Fermi, IL (US-IB1) revealed better accuracy using the Late-planting simulation. US-Bo1 revealed leaf area index (LAI) heavily influenced net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and sensible (H) and latent (L) heat fluxes. Increasing LAI results in an increase in L due to more transpiration from leaves. As a result less of the net radiation goes toward H. The timing of maximum LAI also influences carbon uptake and, therefore, the NEE. US-Pon exhibited the model's inability to accurately represent winter wheat while US-IB1 disclosed small influences from crops due to very small crop coverage in the grid cell. Further research at additional locations will help determine the accuracy of model representation of crop vegetation on land-climate interactions.
ML Interpretability: Simple Isn't Easy
Creators: name: Räz, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The interpretability of ML models is important, but it is not clear what it amounts to. So far, most philosophers have discussed the lack of interpretability of black-box models such as neural networks, and methods such as explainable AI that aim to make these models more transparent. The goal of this paper is to clarify the nature of interpretability by focussing on the other end of the 'interpretability spectrum'. The reasons why some models, linear models and decision trees, are highly interpretable will be examined, and also how more general models, MARS and GAM, retain some degree of interpretability. I find that while there is heterogeneity in how we gain interpretability, what interpretability is in particular cases can be explicated in a clear manner.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
How to determine local elastic properties of lipid bilayer membranes from atomic-force-microscope measurements: A theoretical analysis
Creators: name: Norouzi, Davood
name: Mueller, Martin Michael
name: Deserno, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements with an atomic force microscope (AFM) offer a direct way to probe elastic properties of lipid bilayer membranes locally: provided the underlying stress-strain relation is known, material parameters such as surface tension or bending rigidity may be deduced. In a recent experiment a pore-spanning membrane was poked with an AFM tip, yielding a linear behavior of the force-indentation curves. A theoretical model for this case is presented here which describes these curves in the framework of Helfrich theory. The linear behavior of the measurements is reproduced if one neglects the influence of adhesion between tip and membrane. Including it via an adhesion balance changes the situation significantly: force-distance curves cease to be linear, hysteresis and nonzero detachment forces can show up. The characteristics of this rich scenario are discussed in detail in this article.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, REVTeX4 style. New version corresponds to the one accepted by PRE. The result section is restructured: a comparison to experimental findings is included; the discussion on the influence of adhesion between AFM tip and membrane is extended