Archaeological Mapping and Artifact Analyses at the Calabazas and Guevavi Units of the Tumacacori National Historic Park, Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Creators: name: Fernandez, Rachel
Publisher: name: Desert Archaeology, Inc.
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Calabazas, AZ
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84544/calabazas-az
subject: Guevavi Mission
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84468/guevavi-mission
subject: Pima (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/7353/pima-county
subject: Interstitial Zone D
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83753/interstitial-zone-d
subject: 19th Century
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5536/19th-century
subject: Historic Native American
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/30/historic-native-american
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Huhugam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8166/huhugam
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: AZ EE:9:1
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/100206/az-ee91
subject: AZ EE:9:87
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/100125/az-ee987
subject: Guevavi
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/212/guevavi
subject: Calabazas
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/214/calabazas
subject: Mound
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1311/mound
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Church / Religious Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/311/church-religious-structure
subject: Historic Church / Religious Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/313/historic-church-religious-structure
subject: Structural Mound
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/3610/structural-mound
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Slag
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2255/slag
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Ceramic Analysis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/133439/ceramic-analysis
subject: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/160923/energy-dispersive-x-ray-fluorescence-analysis
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Geophysical Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/23/geophysical-survey
subject: Records Search / Inventory Checking
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/8/records-search-inventory-checking

description: The Calabazas and Guevavi Units of the Tumacacori National Historical Park preserve valuable cultural resources dating to Prehistoric, Protohistoric, Spanish, Mexican, American Territorial, and American Statehood times. These units are located in southern Arizona in Santa Cruz County. Plans are underway to install visitor paths at the Calabazas Unit. Concerns regarding visitor impacts to the surface of the site led the National Park Service (NPS) to request a program in which all artifacts on the ground surface were to be counted and evaluated for temporal and functional patterns. Additionally, maps were created for the Calabazas and Guevavi Units using modern surveying technology. Finally, a sample of diagnostic Native American ceramics, non-Native American ceramics, and flaked stones were collected from the surface of Calabazasto create a type collection of items likely to be found in the three units at Tumacacori National Historical Park. Fieldwork was conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc., personnel in December 2010, with 16 persons-days expended in the surface artifact counts. An additional 10 person-days were spent mapping Calabazas and Guevavi in December 2010 through March 2011. William H. Doelle, Ph.D., was the Principal Investigator for the project, with J. Homer Thiel and Michael Brack serving as Project Directors. Patti Cook, Chris Lange, and James Marsh were crew members. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) refers to the "geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties exist" (36 CFR 800.16[d]). For this project, the fenced portions of the Calabazas and Guevavi Units were considered to be the APE. No physical alteration of either area took place during the course of fieldwork. The project fieldwork was governed by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. No permits were required. Artifacts, field notes, and maps created for the project will be archived at the Western Archeological Conservation Center (WACC) in Tucson, Arizona. In all, 14,005 artifacts were counted on the surface of the fenced portion of the Calabazas Unit. Artifacts are scattered across most of the site; however, two likely midden areas were located, one, the location of a Territorial-era blacksmith shop, and the other possibly marking the location of subsurface prehistoric or Protohistoric features. Flaked stone artifacts eroding from the adobe bricks of the church point to a prehistoric site, likely dating to the Early Agricultural period, as the source of the dirt used to make the bricks. A variety of Native American and non-Native American ceramics is present at the site. A small type collection was created using artifacts collected from the surface of Calabazas and other ceramics recovered from Tumacacori and Guevavi. Five flaked stone artifacts, three projectile points, two gunflints, and a piece of obsidian from the Antelope Wells source, were also collected and are curated at WACC. Detailed maps of the Calabazas and Guevavi Units were created. These maps documented the natural topography, as well as the location of cultural features. A series of artifact density maps was created based upon the surface artifact counts at the Calabazas Unit. These maps indicate that, despite past artifact collecting and looting activities, significant information about human activities can be gleaned from the items exposed on the ground surface. Construction of paths at the Calabazas Unit can proceed; however, if any ground-disturbing activities take place, they should be preceded by an archaeological excavation.