cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Meridional Circulation of Dust and Gas in the Circumstellar Disk: Delivery of Solids onto the Circumplanetary Region
Creators: name: Szulágyi, Judit
name: Binkert, Fabian
name: Surville, Clément
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Accretion, accretion disks
Hydrodynamics
Radiative transfer
Planets and satelites: formation
Protoplanetary disks
Planet
Disk interactions

description: We carried out 3D dust+gas radiative hydrodynamic simulations of forming planets. We investigated a parameter grid of Neptune-, Saturn-, Jupiter-, and 5 Jupiter-mass planets at 5.2, 30, 50 AU distance from their star. We found that the meridional circulation \citep{Szulagyi14,FC16} drives a strong vertical flow for the dust as well, hence the dust is not settled in the midplane, even for mm-sized grains. The meridional circulation will deliver dust and gas vertically onto the circumplanetary region, efficiently bridging over the gap. The Hill-sphere accretion rates for the dust are ∼10−8 to 10−10 MJup/yr, increasing with planet-mass. For the gas component, the gain is 10−6 to 10−8 MJup/yr. The difference between the dust and gas accretion rates is smaller with decreasing planetary mass. In the vicinity of the planet, the mm-grains can get trapped easier than the gas, which means the circumplanetary disk might be enriched with solids in comparison to the circumstellar disk. We calculated the local dust-to-gas ratio (DTG) everywhere in the circumstellar disk and identified the altitude above the midplane where the DTG is 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001. The larger the planetary mass, the higher the mm-sized dust is delivered and a larger fraction of the dust disk is lifted by the planet. The stirring of mm-dust is negligible for Neptune-mass planets or below, but significant above Saturn-mass.
description: arXiv
Carbon release from tropical forest soils informed by soil chemistry, fertility, and carbon quality derived from geochemistry of the parent material
Creators: name: Bukombe, Benjamin
name: Fiener, Peter
name: Hoyt, Alison M.
name: Doetterl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Tropical forest soils are a vital component of the global carbon (C) cycle and their response to environmental change will determine future atmospheric carbon dioxides (CO2). For example, increasing biomass productivity in tropical forests suggests a potential sink for C. However, its storage and stability are driven by factors acting from small to large scale. For tropical Africa, these factors are not well known and documented.  Predicting tropical soil C dynamics ultimately depends on our understanding and the ability to determine the primary environmental controls on soil organic carbon content and respiration.

Here, using samples collected along strong geochemical gradients in the East African Rift Valley, we demonstrate how soil chemistry and soil fertility, derived from the geochemical composition of soil parent material, can drive soil respiration even in deeply weathered soils. 

To address the drivers of soil respiration, we incubated soils from three regions with contrasting geochemistry (mafic, felsic, and mixed sedimentary). For three soil depths, we measured the potential maximum heterotrophic respiration as well as the radiocarbon isotopic signature (Δ14C) of the bulk soil and respired CO2 under stable environmental conditions. 

We found that soil microbial communities were able to mineralize C from fossil as well as other poor quality C sources under laboratory conditions representative of tropical topsoils. Despite similarities in terms of climate, vegetation, and the size of soil C stocks, soil respiration showed distinct patterns with soil depth and parent material geochemistry. Our study shows that soil fertility conditions are the main determinant of C stability in tropical forest soils. Further, in the presence of organic carbon sources of poor quality or the presence of strong mineral-related C stabilization, microorganisms tend to discriminate against these sources in favor of more accessible forms of soil organic matter as energy sources, resulting in a slower rate of C cycling. 

Our results demonstrate that even in deeply weathered tropical soils, parent material has a long-lasting effect on soil chemistry that can influence and control microbial activity, the size of subsoil C stocks, and the turnover of C in soil. Soil parent material and its lasting control on soil chemistry need to be taken into account to understand and predict C stabilization and rates of C cycling in tropical forest soils.
description: EGUsphere
Evaluating the role soil nutrients play in regulating soil greenhouse gas fluxes from the pristine tropical forests: evidence from a nutrient manipulation experiment in Uganda
Creators: name: Tamale, Joseph
name: Hüppi, Roman
name: Griepentrog, Marco
name: Turyagyenda, Laban Frank
name: Barthel, Matti
name: Doetterl, Sebastian
name: Fiener, Peter
name: Van Straaten, Oliver
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Soil greenhouse gas fluxes
Nutrient manipulation experiment
Soil nutrient limitation
Ugandan tropical pristine forest

description: The exchange of the climate-relevant greenhouse gases (GHGs) at the soil-atmospheric interface is regulated by both abiotic and biotic controls. However, evidence on nutrient limitations of soil GHG fluxes from African tropical forest ecosystems is still rare. Therefore, an ecosystem-scale nutrient manipulation experiment (NME) consisting of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), N + P, and control treatments was set up in a tropical forest in northwestern Uganda. Soil carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured monthly using static vented chambers for 14 months. A root trenching treatment was also done in all the experimental plots in order to disentangle the contribution of root and microbial respiration to total soil CO2 effluxes. In parallel to soil GHG flux measurements, soil temperature, soil moisture, and mineral N were determined. Lifting the N limitation on the soil nitrifiers and denitrifiers through N fertilization significantly increased N2O fluxes in N, and N + P addition plots in the transitory phase (0-28 days after N fertilization, p < 0.01). However, sustained N fertilization did not significantly affect background (measured more than 28 days after fertilization) N2O fluxes. Alleviation of the P limitation on soil methanotrophs through P fertilization marginally and significantly increased CH4 consumption in the transitory (p = 0.052) and background (p = 0.010) phases, respectively. Simultaneous addition of N and P (N + P) significantly affected transitory soil CO2 effluxes (p = 0.010), suggesting a possible co-limitation of N and P on soil respiration. Microbial CO2 effluxes were significantly larger than root CO2 effluxes (p < 0.001) across all treatment plots so was the contribution of microbial respiration to the total soil CO2 effluxes (about 70 %, p < 0.001). Despite the fact that soil respiration was affected through N + P fertilization, neither heterotrophic nor autotrophic respiration significantly differed in either the N + P or the other treatments. Overall, the study findings suggest that the contribution of tropical forests to the global soil GHG budget could be altered by changes in N and P availability in these biomes.
description: EGUsphere
On the ICS interpretation of the Hard X-Ray Excesses in Galaxy Clusters: the case of Ophiuchus
Creators: name: Colafrancesco, S.
name: Marchegiani, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) High-E electrons produce Hard X-Ray (HXR) emission in galaxy clusters by via Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) of CMB photons. We derive the ICS HXR emission of Ophiuchus under various scenarios: primary cosmic ray model, secondary cosmic rays model and neutralino DM annihilation scenario. We further discuss the predictions of the Warming Ray model for the cluster atmosphere. Under the assumption to fit the observed HXR emission, we find that the high-E electrons induce various consequences on the cluster atmosphere: i) primary electrons can be marginally consistent with the data provided that their spectrum is cutoff at E~30(90) MeV for spectral index of 3.5 (4.4); ii) secondary electron models from pp collisions are inconsistent with gamma-ray limits, cosmic ray protons produce too much heating of the IC gas and their pressure at the cluster center largely exceeds the thermal one; iii) secondary electron models from DM annihilation are inconsistent with gamma-ray and radio limits and electrons produce too much heating of the IC gas at the cluster center, unless the neutralino annihilation cross section is much lower than the proposed value. We conclude that ICS by secondary electrons from both neutralino DM annihilation and pp collisions cannot be the mechanism responsible for the HXR excess emission; primary electrons are still a marginally viable solution provided that their spectrum has a low-energy cutoff at E~30-90 MeV. The WR model offers, so far, the best description of the cluster in terms of temperature distribution, heating, pressure and spectral energy distribution. Fermi observations of Ophiuchus will set further constraints to this model.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, A&A in press
title: Park Visitor Responses to Natural Hazards
Creators: name: Rentz, Lee H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1978

description: Natural hazards have been an increasing problem in wildland recreation areas. This study attempted to identify factors affecting park visitor perception of and preparedness for hazards.
A model was formulated incorporating three major independent variables which might affect park visitor responses to hazards. These were: (1) previous experience, (2) information about hazards provided by the park administration (such as warnings located on signs or in brochures), and (3) visitor perception of whether responsibility for hazards rests with the individual or with an outside authority such as government or God. Trip length and knowledge of hazards were also thought to be factors influencing visitor behavior.
The model was tested during the summer of 1976 in four study areas: Arches National Park, Canyonlands National Park, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, and the High Uintas Primitive Area. Personal interviews and questionnaires were used to obtain the data.
The results showed that the set of influences upon visitor behavior varied with each park studied. In general, however, hazard warnings and visitor perceptions of where responsibility for hazards lay had no influence upon visitor behavior. In contrast, previous experience, trip length, and visitor knowledge about hazards had important influences upon visitor preparations for hazards.
Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks IV. -- with JWST & ELT
Creators: name: Chen, Xueqing
name: Szulágyi, Judit
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: planets and satellites: detection
hydrodynamics
radiative transfer
infrared: planetary systems
instrumentation: high angular resolution

description: o understand the potential for observing forming planets and their circumplanetary disks (CPDs) with JWST and ELT, we created mock observations from 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer post-processing for planets with 10, 5, 1 Jupiter and 1 Saturn masses with orbital separation of 50 and 30 AU in 0∘, 30∘ and 60∘ inclinations. Instrumental effects were then simulated with Mirage for JWST/NIRCam and NIRISS, MIRISim for JWST/MIRI and SimCADO & SimMETIS for ELT/MICADO and METIS. We found that the longer wavelengths (mid-IR and beyond) are the best to detect CPDs. Longer is the wavelength, the smaller mass planet's CPD could be detected. MIRI on JWST and METIS on ELT offers the best possibility on these telescopes. Specifically, below 3 μm, only 10 MJup planets with their CPDs are detectable with NIRCam and MICADO. 5 MJup planets are only detectable if at 30 AU (i.e. closer) orbital separation. Planets above 5 MJup with their CPDs are detectable between 3-5 μm with NIRCam and METIS L/M band, or above 10 μm with MIRI and METIS N band. For ≤ 1 MJup planets > 15 μm are needed, where MIRI uniquely offers imaging capability. We present magnitudes and spectral energy distributions for separate components of the planet+CPD+CSD system, to differentiate the extinction rates of CPDs and CSDs and to provide predictions for observational proposals. Because the CPD turns out to be the main absorber of the planet's emission, especially <10 μm, this makes the detection of forming planets quite challenging.
description: arXiv
Organic carbon stabilization controlled by geochemistry in tropical rainforest soils
Creators: name: Reichenbach, Mario
name: Fiener, Peter
name: Garland, Gina
name: Griepentrog, Marco
name: Six, Johan
name: Doetterl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Stabilization of organic carbon in soils (SOC) depends on several soil properties, including the soil weathering stage and the mineralogy of parent material. As such, tropical SOC stabilization mechanisms likely differ from those in temperate soils due to contrasting soil development. To better understand these mechanisms, we investigated SOC dynamics at three soil depths under pristine tropical african mountain forest along a geochemical gradient from mafic to felsic and a topographic gradient covering plateau, slope and valley positions. We conducted a series of soil C fractionation experiments in combination with an analysis of the geochemical composition of soil and a sequential extraction of pedogenic oxides. Overall, we found that reactive secondary mineral phases drive SOC properties together with aggregation. These key mineral stabilization mechanisms for SOC were strongly related to soil geochemistry and independent of topography in the absence of detectable erosion processes. We also detected fossil organic carbon (FOC) at several sites, constituting up to 52.0 ± 13.2 % of total SOC stock in the C depleted subsoil. FOC decreased strongly towards more shallow soil depths, indicating decomposability of FOC by microbial communities under topsoil conditions. Regression analysis showed that variables affiliated with soil weathering, parent material geochemistry and soil fertility, together with soil depth, explained up to 75 % of the variability of SOC stocks and Δ14C. Furthermore, the same variables explained 44 % of the variability in the relative abundance of C associated with microaggregates versus free silt and clay associated C fractions. We conclude that despite long-lasting weathering, geochemical properties of soil parent material leave a footprint in tropical soils that affects SOC stocks and links two of the most important mineral related C stabilization mechanisms. While the identified stabilization mechanisms and controls are similar to less weathered soils in other climate zones, their relative importance is markedly different in the investigated tropical soils.
description: EGUsphere
On the Stability of Additional Moons Orbiting Kepler-1625 b
Creators: name: Moraes, Ricardo
name: Borderes-Motta, Gabriel
name: Winter, Othon Cabo
name: Monteiro, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since it was proposed the exomoon candidate Kepler-1625 b-I changed the way we see satellite systems. Because of its unusual physical characteristics, many questions about the stability and origin of this candidate were raised. Currently, we have enough theoretical studies to assure that if Kepler-1625 b-I is indeed confirmed, it will be stable. The origin of this candidate was also explored. Previous works indicated that the most likely scenario is capture, even though conditions for in situ formation were also investigated. In this work, we assume that Kepler-1625 b-I is an exomoon and studied the possibility of an additional, massive exomoon being stable in the same system. To model this scenario we perform N-body simulations of a system including the planet, Kepler-1625 b-I and one extra Earth-like satellite. Based on previous results, the satellites in our system will be exposed to tidal interactions with the planet and gravitation effects due to the rotation of the planet. We found that the satellite system around Kepler-1625 b is capable of harbouring two massive satellites. The extra Earth-like satellite would be stable in different locations between the planet and Kepler-1625 b-I, with a preference for regions inside $25$ $R_p$. Our results suggest that the strong tidal interactions between the planet and the satellites is an important mechanism to assure the stability of satellites in circular orbits closer to the planet, while the 2:1 mean motion resonance between the Earth-like satellite and Kepler-1625 b-I would provide stability for satellites in wider orbits.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
Soils in a changing world
Creators: name: Doetterl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Good time for soil scientists, bad time for soils? Join me at my Soil System Sciences - OECS award lecture where I will highlight how Global Change affects soils across ecosystems and what this means for future plant-soil interactions and biogeochemical cycles in a warming, crowded world out of balance.Global Change from the Arctic to the Tropics has accelerated drastically in recent decades, subsequently effecting ecosystems everywhere. Soils and biogeochemical cycling within are no exception. For example, how carbon and nutrients are stabilized in and released from soil is highly affected by changing land use and climate. Despite these changes, soil in earth system models is not represented mechanistically, but rather given a mostly budgetary "black box" function. No methodological framework is available that accounts for the combined effects of climate, geochemistry and disturbance on soil dynamics at larger scales. In addition, most of our process understanding of biogeochemical cycling in soils is derived from data-rich temperate regions. This data has limited applicability in low latitudinal (tropics) or high latitudinal (boreal/subpolar) climate zones, where soils have different properties and drastically different developmental histories.In my talk I will illustrate with a few examples how the gaps in our understanding of soil processes across climate zones and dismissing lateral soil fluxes leads to large uncertainties in predicting future trajectories of the global carbon cycle. I will highlight how the interactions of weathering and disturbance can influence and dominate biogeochemical cycles and microbial processes in soils. I will also discuss some directions where geochemical proxies that are available at the global scale can be useful to model the spatial and temporal patterns of soil carbon storage and turnover.
description: EGUsphere
Additional file 1 of Pentagalloylglucose alleviates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by modulating inflammation via cGAS-STING pathway
Creators: name: Zheng, Congyang
name: Chen, Yuanyuan
name: He, Tingting
name: Xiu, Ye
name: Dong, Xu
name: Wang, Xianling
name: Wen, Xinru
name: Li, Chengwei
name: Yao, Qing
name: Chen, Simin
name: Zhan, Xiaoyan
name: Gao, Lili
name: Bai, Zhaofang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1.
The development of a model for flystrike resistance management
Creators: name: Benedetti Vallenari, PF
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Flystrike is of major concern to the Australian sheep industry, with the Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia Cuprina) demonstrating the ability to develop resistance to commonly used insecticides. Over time, chemical and non-chemical strategies have been recommended to sheep producers to manage resistance development, mainly the rotation of chemical groups. Literature regarding the effectiveness of chemical rotations is sparse, with the consensus that rotations should be implemented without confidence in which type of rotation strategy is best. Similarly, producers are advised that non-chemical strategies such as shearing and/or crutching during the flystrike season and monitoring the flock for signs of flystrike are worthwhile flystrike management strategies with little knowledge of how these strategies influence flystrike resistance development. The aim of this study was to develop and utilise a computer model to evaluate the effects of rotations, monitoring, and shearing or crutching on resistance development in various resistance genes. The data collected from the model was then used to assess the current advice given to producers regarding flystrike resistance management on the FlyBoss website. The model consisted of various assumptions and settings that were tested for their functionality and importance. Then various rotation, shearing and crutching simulations were run for periods of 20 or in some cases 50 years, with and without a genetic disadvantage for genes for resistance. Increasing routine monitoring or implementing extra monitoring were tested to explore the effect of monitoring on resistance development and reduction in flystrike related costs. All rotations simulated delayed the onset of resistance development and were more cost-effective than using any insecticide continuously. Shearing in spring, summer or autumn proved more cost-effective than shearing in winter, although shearing in summer increased the rate of resistance development. Similarly, including a crutching in spring, summer or autumn also proved more cost-effective than not crutching, with summer crutching increasing the rate of resistance development. Evaluating monitoring was more complex, with the cost of labour being an important factor in determining the cost-effectiveness of implementing a higher frequency or more intense monitoring. More intense monitoring, or the physical or chemical killing of flies on the struck sheep, reduced the rate of resistance development. The advice given in FlyBoss was regarded as partially incomplete, with areas regarding the impact of flystrike management strategies on flystrike resistance development requiring elaboration
title: Biological Manipulation of Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.) by Browsing with Goats
Creators: name: Provenza, Frederick D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: The purpose of this study was to provide data on responses of Angora goats and blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) to a biological manipulation program. Blackbrush utilization levels averaged 30, 16, and 6 percent (545, 367, and 147 kg p er hectare) for the heavily, moderately, and lightly browsed pastures, respectively; removal rates of 77, 38, and 19 percent (1164, 582, and 291 kg per hectare) were projected.
Statistically significant differences in body weight loss (P=0.052) were noted for goats browsing in different replications. Goats lost an average of 14 and 19 percent of body weight in replications one and two, respectively. Differential weight loss app eared to be related to variable crude protein levels in blackbrush twigs.
Small, but statistically significant differences were noted between replications for crude protein (P:0.002) and phosphorus (P=0.019) content in blackbrush twigs. Crude protein content averaged 4.9 and 4.4 percent for replications one and two, respectively; phosphorus content averaged 0.18 and 0.15 percent for replications one and two, respectively.
No statistically significant differences in plant production were noted among stocking rates; this was primarily a result of the low utilization levels. Site (replications) affected plant response (P:0.135), and terminal branches produced more current season's growth than did basal branches (P:0.162).
Fermionic correlation functions from the staggered Schrödinger functional
Creators: name: Perez-Rubio, P.
name: Sint, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Schrödinger functional with staggered one-component fermions on a fine lattice of size $(L/a)^3 \times (T/a)$ where $T/a$ must be an odd number. In order to reconstruct the four-component spinors, two different set-ups are proposed, corresponding to the coarse lattice having size $(L/2a)^3 \times (T'/2a)$, with $T' = T \pm a$. The continuum limit is then defined at fixed $T'/L$. Both cases have previously been investigated in the pure gauge theory. Here we define fermionic correlation functions and study their approach to the continuum limit at tree-level of perturbation theory.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of An in vivo tumour organoid model based on the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane mimics key characteristics of the patient tissue: a proof-of-concept study
Creators: name: Benčurová, Katarína
name: Tran, Loan
name: Friske, Joachim
name: Bevc, Kajetana
name: Helbich, Thomas H.
name: Hacker, Marcus
name: Bergmann, Michael
name: Zeitlinger, Markus
name: Haug, Alexander
name: Mitterhauser, Markus
name: Egger, Gerda
name: Balber, Theresa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Religious minorities as an opportunity for ghetto niche tourism development (case study: Isfahan, Iran)
Creators: name: Farsani, Neda
Publisher: name: Journal of Tourism & Development
Year: 2017

description: Niche tourism, whose emphasis on a specific tourism product can meet the needs of a particular audience, has developed in the tourism area over recent decades. The dynamic and competitive nature of tourism means that staying alive in a competitive world needs the emergence of niche tourism. This paper tries to introduce Isfahan city (Iran) as a new destination for ghetto niche tourism development with an emphasis on religious minorities. Moreover, this research has two major purposes: 1) to investigate the attitude of domestic tourists for ghetto tourism development and 2) to measure national tourists’ awareness of this niche market. This study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran. Data was gathered through questionnaire using simple random sampling method. On the basis of the results of this study it can be concluded that domestic tourists are not familiar with the ghetto tourism concept; however, they are interested in ghetto tourism development (activities, attractions and strategies) in Isfahan city.
description: Journal of Tourism & Development, vol. 1 n.º 27/28 (2017)
Non-renormalizable theories and finite formulation of QFT
Creators: name: Ageeva, Y.
name: Petrov, P.
name: Shaposhnikov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show how the finite formulation of QFT based on Callan-Symanzik equations can be generalised to the case of non-renormalizable theories. We derive an equation for effective action for an arbitrary single scalar field theory, allowing us to perform computations without running in intermediate divergencies. We illustrate the method with the use of $λϕ^4 + ϕ^6/M^2$ theory by the explicit (and fully finite) calculations of the effective potential as well as two-, four- and six-point correlation functions at one loop level and demonstrate that no quantum corrections to scalar mass $m^2$, depending on $M^2$-scale, are generated.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Associations between body fat anthropometric indices and mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome
Creators: name: Shi, Jianyou
name: Chen, Zhiyuan
name: Zhang, Yuanfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Effective continuum threshold for vacuum-to-bound-state correlators
Creators: name: Lucha, Wolfgang
name: Melikhov, Dmitri
name: Sazdjian, Hagop
name: Simula, Silvano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a new algorithm for obtaining the effective continuum threshold in vacuum-to-bound-state correlators - the basic objects for the calculation of hadron form factors in the method of light-cone sum rules in QCD. The effective continuum threshold is one of the key ingredients of the method which to a large extent determines the value of the form factor extracted from the relevant correlator. In a quantum-mechanical potential model, where the exact form factor is known, the application of our algorithm is shown to lead to a dramatic increase of the accuracy of the extracted form factor compared to the standard procedures adopted in the method of sum rules in QCD. Moreover, the application of our algorithm considerably enlarges the range of the momentum transfer where the form factor may be extracted from the correlator.
title: The Effect of Four Mine Spoil Treatments on the Seedling Water Relations of Two Plant Species
Creators: name: Van Kekerix, Lorraine K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1977

description: Surface mines in mountainous areas cause environmental deterioration at lower elevations in the watershed. The most successful long term solution to the downstream problem is revegetation. However, mine spoils are low in essential plant nutrients, have low water holding capacity, and are often acidic. These factors limit plant colonization. Plants must also be adapted to the environmental conditions of high elevations.
At the McLaren Mine, }1ontana, at 2800 m, it was observed that seedlings on revegetation plots were desiccated, indicating possible water deficits. Field and growth chamber studies were carried out to determine the effects of some spoil ameliorating treatments on leaf water potentials, leaf pressure potentials and seedling development and mortality. Poa alpina L. and Alopecurus pratensis L., the two plant species seeded are successful revegetation species in the area. The four treatments were: 1) a control group with no spoil treatment, 2) peatmoss incorporated into the spoils, 3) a surface mulch of jute net, and 4) peatmoss-plus-jute net.
Results showed a decrease in water stress experienced by plants on plots with spoil ameliorating treatments. The jute net, or peatmoss-plus-jute net treatments were the most effective in reducing water stress. Leaf pressure potential data were extremely variable, making it difficult to determine trends.
In the field seedling mortality was reduced on plots with jute net or peatmoss--plus-jute net. No trends were apparent in the growth chamber study. In both studies seedlings were larger with jute net or peatmoss-plus-jute net treatments.
title: Leaf Development of Rurnex patientia L. Exposed to UV Irradiation (280-320 nm)
Creators: name: Dickson, Judith G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1978

description: Two factors which affect leaf ontogeny and ultimate leaf size: (1) the rate and duration of cell expansion, and (2) the rate and duration of cell division, were examined for their role in the slowed early growth rate and smaller ultimate leaf size when plants are exposed to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Rumex patientia L. was grown in controlled environment chambers under enhanced UV-B radiation (equivalent to daily solar UV-B irradiation at 40°N latitude in mid-May with an atmospheric ozone concentration of 0.20 atm-cm) and control treatments. The pattern of growth as expressed in changes of mean cell size of two distinct cell types, tissue cell density, and length of the entire blade are consistent with the hypothesis that the radiation primarily affects cell division rather than cell expansion. Furthermore, it appears that the radiation probably alters the rate rather than the duration of cell division. An understanding of the mechanism of radiation damage should facilitate prediction of how this stress may interact with other stresses to which plants are normally subjected.
A Deep-Learning Intelligent System Incorporating Data Augmentation for Short-Term Voltage Stability Assessment of Power Systems
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Zhang, Meng
name: Chen, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Facing the difficulty of expensive and trivial data collection and annotation, how to make a deep learning-based short-term voltage stability assessment (STVSA) model work well on a small training dataset is a challenging and urgent problem. Although a big enough dataset can be directly generated by contingency simulation, this data generation process is usually cumbersome and inefficient; while data augmentation provides a low-cost and efficient way to artificially inflate the representative and diversified training datasets with label preserving transformations. In this respect, this paper proposes a novel deep-learning intelligent system incorporating data augmentation for STVSA of power systems. First, due to the unavailability of reliable quantitative criteria to judge the stability status for a specific power system, semi-supervised cluster learning is leveraged to obtain labeled samples in an original small dataset. Second, to make deep learning applicable to the small dataset, conditional least squares generative adversarial networks (LSGAN)-based data augmentation is introduced to expand the original dataset via artificially creating additional valid samples. Third, to extract temporal dependencies from the post-disturbance dynamic trajectories of a system, a bi-directional gated recurrent unit with attention mechanism based assessment model is established, which bi-directionally learns the significant time dependencies and automatically allocates attention weights. The test results demonstrate the presented approach manages to achieve better accuracy and a faster response time with original small datasets. Besides classification accuracy, this work employs statistical measures to comprehensively examine the performance of the proposal.
description: Accepted by Applied Energy
Additional file 1 of Augmented reality visualization for ultrasound-guided interventions: a pilot randomized crossover trial to assess trainee performance and cognitive load
Creators: name: Liao, Shu-Chen
name: Shao, Shih-Chieh
name: Gao, Shi-Ying
name: Lai, Edward Chia-Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
The influence of video game reward structure on player risk-taking
Creators: name: D‚ÄövÑv¥Amico, NJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: There is speculation that engagement with gambling-like in-game rewards might be a risk factor for future gambling. No empirical data exists on this proposed relationship. We test one possible mechanism that might support this pathway: the effects of engaging with gambling-like reward mechanisms on risk-taking. We hypothesised that gambling-like rewards (i.e., randomised rewards delivered via a loot box) would produce an increase in risk-taking compared to a fixed, and no reward condition. 153 participants (M\\(_{age}\\) = 24.8, SD = 6.09) completed twenty minutes gameplay followed by a gamified, online version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Gambling and loot box engagement self-reports were collected via the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and Risky Loot-Box Index. Bayesian t-tests comparing effects on risk-taking between reward groups indicated moderate to strong evidence in favour of the null hypothesis (BF = 4.05-10.64). These effects were not moderated by players' gambling symptomatology. A Spearman correlation between past loot box engagement and self-reported gambling severity (r\\(_s\\) = 0.35, p < .001) aligned with existing literature. Findings suggest the need for additional exploration into shared characteristics of gambling behaviour and loot box engagement. Future research may benefit from targeting individuals with elevated gambling symptomatology and loot box use.
Soil deposition and weathering interactively controlling the stabilization of soil organic carbon
Creators: name: Zhao, Penghzi
name: Doetterl, Sebastian
name: Wang, Zhengang
name: Quijano, Laura
name: Six, Johan
name: Van Oost, Kristof
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019

description: A significant part of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock that is eroded in uplands is re-deposited and buried in colluvial settings. Understanding the stability of buried C could be of key importance for the global C cycle, but factors controlling the stabilization of this buried SOC pool are not fully understood, especially the role of soil minerals in weathering sequences. Our study aims to investigate the effects of soil deposition on physical and geochemical SOC stabilization mechanisms along a mineralogical gradient. For this, we carried out SOC physical fractionation, incubation and soil mineral quantification experiments on soils from depositional settings. Our results show that, on average, depositional sites have the lowest total reserve in base (TRB) and hence have a more advanced weathering stage, relatively to stable sites. Significant correlations (p<0.001) between C:Mpy (pyrophosphate exactable C:sum of Al and Fe oxides) and TRB indicated that weathering can facilitate the chelation mechanism of SOC stabilization by creating organo-metal complexes. Relative to stable profiles, depositional profiles generally have a larger proportion of 2:1 expandable clay-sized minerals (smectite and vermiculite), which are characterized by high specific surface area, leading to organo-mineral C protection. Our results also showed that SOC fractions (micro-aggregates, aggregated silt & clay and coarse POM) were closely related (p<0.001) to poorly crystalline Al and Fe oxides, indicating that the presence of these oxides can control the formation of aggregates and influence C stabilization. However, due to continuous soil weathering in burial sites, reactive minerals will be transformed into less reactive forms over time and this may temporally limit SOC protection in buried sites.
description: Geophysical Research Abstracts, 21
description: ISSN:1029-7006
description: ISSN:1607-7962
Evaluating the performance of UAV photogrammetry with PPK positioning in topographic reconstruction and change-detection
Creators: name: Zhang, He
name: Aldana-Jague, Emilien
name: Clapuyt, François
name: Wilken, Florian
name: Van Oost, Kristof
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019

description: Geophysical Research Abstracts, 21
description: ISSN:1029-7006
description: ISSN:1607-7962
Reviews and syntheses: The promise of big soil data, moving current practices towards future potential
Creators: name: Todd-Brown, Katherine E. O.
name: Abramoff, Rose Z.
name: Beem-Miller, Jeffrey
name: Blair, Hava K.
name: Earl, Stevan
name: Frederick, Kristen J.
name: Fuka, Daniel R.
name: Guevara Santamaria, Mario
name: Harden, Jennifer W.
name: Heckman, Katherine
name: Heran, Lillian J.
name: Holmquist, James R.
name: Hoyt, Allison M.
name: Klinges, David H.
name: LeBauer, David S.
name: Malhotra, Avni
name: McClelland, Shelby C.
name: Nave, Lucas E.
name: Rocci, Katherine S.
name: Schaeffer, Sean M.
name: Stoner, Shane
name: van Gestel, Nastasja
name: von Fromm, Sophie Franziska
name: Younger, Marisa L.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: In the age of big data, soil data are more available than ever, but -outside of a few large soil survey resources- remain largely unusable for informing soil management and understanding Earth system processes outside of the original study. Data science has promised a fully reusable research pipeline where data from past studies are used to contextualize new findings and reanalyzed for global relevance. Yet synthesis projects encounter challenges at all steps of the data reuse pipeline, including unavailable data, labor-intensive transcription of datasets, incomplete metadata, and a lack of communication between collaborators. Here, using insights from a diversity of soil, data and climate scientists, we summarize current practices in soil data synthesis across all stages of database creation: data discovery, input, harmonization, curation, and publication. We then suggest new soil-focused semantic tools to improve existing data pipelines, such as ontologies, vocabulary lists, and community practices. Our goal is to provide the soil data community with an overview of current practices in soil data and where we need to go to fully leverage big data to solve soil problems in the next century.
description: Biogeosciences Discussions
description: ISSN:1810-6277
description: ISSN:1810-6285
Al-26 and the formation of the Solar System from a molecular cloud contaminated by Wolf-Rayet winds
Creators: name: Gaidos, Eric
name: Krot, Alexander N.
name: Williams, Jonathan P.
name: Raymond, Sean N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In agreement with previous work, we show that the presence of the short-lived radionuclide Al-26 in the early Solar System was unlikely (<2% a priori probability) to be the result of direct introduction of supernova ejecta into the gaseous disk during the Class II stage of protosolar evolution. We also show that any Bondi-Hoyle accretion of contaminated residual gas from the natal star cluster made a negligible contribution to the primordial Al-26 inventory of the Solar System. These results are consistent with the absence of the oxygen isotopic signature expected with any late introduction of supernova ejecta into the protoplanetary disk. Instead, the presence of Al-26 in the oldest Solar System solids (calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions or CAIs) and its apparent uniform distribution with the inferred canonical Al-26/Al-27 ratio of (4.5-5)E-5 support the inheritance of Al-26 from the parent giant molecular cloud. We propose that this radionuclide originated in a prior generation of massive stars that formed in the same host molecular cloud as the Sun and contaminated that cloud by Wolf-Rayet winds. We calculated the Galactic distribution of Al-26/Al-27 ratios that arise from such contamination using the established embedded cluster mass and stellar initial mass functions, published nucleosynthetic yields from the winds of massive stars, and by assuming rapid and uniform mixing into the cloud. Although our model predicts that the majority of stellar systems contain no Al-26 from massive stars, and that the a priori probability that the Al-26/Al-27 ratio will reach or exceed the canonical Solar System value is only ~6%, the maximum in the distribution of non-zero values is close to the canonical ratio.
description: accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Adapting BERT for Continual Learning of a Sequence of Aspect Sentiment Classification Tasks
Creators: name: Ke, Zixuan
name: Xu, Hu
name: Liu, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies continual learning (CL) of a sequence of aspect sentiment classification (ASC) tasks. Although some CL techniques have been proposed for document sentiment classification, we are not aware of any CL work on ASC. A CL system that incrementally learns a sequence of ASC tasks should address the following two issues: (1) transfer knowledge learned from previous tasks to the new task to help it learn a better model, and (2) maintain the performance of the models for previous tasks so that they are not forgotten. This paper proposes a novel capsule network based model called B-CL to address these issues. B-CL markedly improves the ASC performance on both the new task and the old tasks via forward and backward knowledge transfer. The effectiveness of B-CL is demonstrated through extensive experiments.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2112.02714, arXiv:2112.02706
title: Turbidity - Suspended Sediment Relations In a Subalpine Watershed
Creators: name: Holstrom, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The effect of particle size distribution of suspended sediment vii upon a turbidity reading at a known concentration has been relatively quantified for stream bank materials on the Moccasin Basin - North Fork Fish Creek (MB-NFFC) Watershed, located in northwestern Wyoming. As expected, an increase in the median particle size in suspension results in a decrease of turbidity at a given concentration. The relationship derived correlates the particle size distribution of a chemically dispersed stream-bank material sample, with the Coefficient of Fineness for a mechanically dispersed portion of the sample.
Detecting short period variable stars with Gaia
Creators: name: Varadi, M.
name: Eyer, L.
name: Jordan, S.
name: Mowlavi, N.
name: Koester, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the frequency domain of time series of simulated ZZ Ceti light-curves to investigate the detectability and period recovery performance of short period variables (periods < 2 hours) for the Gaia mission. In our analysis, first we used a non-linear ZZ Ceti light-curves simulator code to simulate the variability of ZZ Ceti stars (we assumed stationary power spectra over five years). Second we used the Gaia nominal scanning law and the expected photometric precision of Gaia to simulate ZZ Ceti time series with Gaia's time sampling and photometric errors. Then we performed a Fourier analysis of these simulated time series. We found that a correct period can be recovered in ~65% of the cases if we consider Gaia per CCD time series of a G ~ 18 magnitude multiperiodic ZZ Ceti star with 5%-10% light-curve variation. In the pre-whitened power spectrum a second correct period was also recovered in ~26% of the cases.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, To appear in the proceedings of Stellar Pulsation: Challenges for theory and observations Conference, 2009, Santa Fe, NM, USA, edited by J. Guzik and A. Cox
Additional file 1 of Impact of dengue fever on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: a prospective cohort study
Creators: name: Salazar Buenaño, Julio P.
name: Zurita Alvarado, Fabián A.
name: Weyand, Ines
name: Rosero Montezuma, Tamara
name: Tapia, Boris
name: Solis Olive, Cecilia
name: Rosero, Karen
name: Bermudez, Pablo
name: Gobbi, Federico
name: Bottieau, Emmanuel
name: Huits, Ralph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1.