cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reminiscences of Gordon Kidd, 1973
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Civil engineers
Treaties
International obligations
International rivers
Water--Law and legislation

description: Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II; water resources in British Columbia, 1950; Columbia River Treaty, 1954-70: International Columbia River Engineering Committee, International Joint Committee of United States and Canada, meetings and reports, 1957 Boundary and Water Treaty, legal status of Canadian negotiators, negotiations and protocol, international political and technical teams, economic and energy resource impact of Columbia, Kootenay and Peace Rivers development on British Columbia; role of Premier Bennett; hydro vs. thermal generating capacities; Portage Mountain and Arrow Lake controversy; impressions of Premier Bennett and E. Davie Fulton
Collective Intelligence - as a way of sharing and creating of knowledge towards sustainable rural area development
Creators: name: Olszowski, Rafał
name: Ziemiańczyk, Urszula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Currently, socioeconomic development, including rural development, has gained a new character and accelerated because new properties of external environment have determined an unprecedented increase in the value of knowledge. Knowledge has become a new source of change. Compiling knowledge ready for practice is one of the common challenges across Europe. The aim of the article is to combine challenges in the field of sustainable development of rural areas with modern concepts related to knowledge management and Collective Intelligence. The results of the study in the form of identified five main knowledge management processes and two possible models of the knowledge management system, are a contribution to future implementations in the institutions located in rural areas. Moreover, the expert analysis on the organizational models of Collective Intelligence has also produced interesting results.
On the Validity and Applicability of Models of Negative Capacitance and Implications for MOS Applications
Creators: name: Kittl, J. A.
name: Obradovic, B.
name: Reddy, D.
name: Rakshit, T.
name: Hatcher, R. M.
name: Rodder, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of room temperature sub-60 mV/dec subthreshold slope (SS) in MOSFETs with ferroelectric (FE) layers in the gate stacks or in series with the gate has attracted much attention. Recently, we modeled this effect in the framework of a FE polarization switching model. However, there is a large amount of literature attributing this effect to a stabilization of quasi-static (QS) negative capacitance (NC) in the FE. The technological implications of a stabilized non-switching (NS) QSNC model vs a FE switching model are vastly different; the latter precluding applications to sub-60 mV/dec SS scaled CMOS due to speed limitations and power dissipated in switching. In this letter, we provide a thorough analysis assessing the foundations of models of QSNC, identifying which specific assumptions (ansatz) may be unlikely or unphysical, and analyzing their applicability. We show that it is not reasonable to expect QSNC for two separate capacitors connected in series (with a metal plate between dielectric (DE) and FE layers). We propose a model clarifying under which conditions a QS "apparent NC" for a FE layer in a FE-DE bi-layer stack may be observed, quantifying the requirements of strong interface polarization coupling in addition to capacitance matching. In this regime, our model suggests the FE layer does not behave as a NC layer, simply, the coupling leads to both the DE and FE behaving as high-k DE with similar permittivities. This may be useful for scaled EOT devices but does not lead to sub-60 mV/dec SS.
description: Version published in Appl. Phys. Lett
InSPECT: Framework for the definition of significant properties (first version)
Creators: name: Knight, Gareth
name: Grace, Stephen
name: Montague, Lynne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Digital Humanities

description: Significant Properties (SPs) have been in the digital preservation literature for a decade or more. There has been widespread agreement on the important role they play, but no consensus on exactly what is significant.Investigating the Significant Properties of Electronic Content over Time (InSPECT) aimed to expand and articulate the concept of ‘significant properties’, determine sets of significant properties for a specified group of digital object types, evaluate methods for measuring these properties for a sample of relevant representation formats, investigate and test the mapping and comparison of these properties between different representation formats, and identify any issues requiring further research.
The first version of the assessment framework used a top-down approach to analysing an Information Object. Once the evaluator has reached the property-level, they would work with one or more stakeholders in the Designated Community to analyse the acceptable boundaries necessary to achieve their stated objectives. The report has been superseded by a later version of the Framework Report, but is provided for reference.
The Breakthrough Starshot System Model
Creators: name: Parkin, Kevin L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breakthrough Starshot is an initiative to prove ultra-fast light-driven nanocrafts, and lay the foundations for a first launch to Alpha Centauri within the next generation. Along the way, the project could generate important supplementary benefits to solar system exploration. A number of hard engineering challenges remain to be solved before these missions can become a reality. A system model has been formulated as part of the Starshot systems engineering work. This paper presents the model and describes how it computes cost-optimal point designs. Three point designs are computed: A 0.2 c mission to Alpha Centauri, a 0.01 c solar system precursor mission, and a ground-based test facility based on a vacuum tunnel. All assume that the photon pressure from a 1.06 μm wavelength beam accelerates a circular dielectric sail. The 0.2 c point design assumes \$0.01/W lasers, \$500/m$^2$ optics, and \$50/kWh energy storage to achieve \$8.0B capital cost for the ground-based beam director. In contrast, the energy needed to accelerate each sail costs \$6M. Beam director capital cost is minimized by a 4.1 m diameter sail that is accelerated for 9 min. The 0.01 c point design assumes \$1/W lasers, \$10k/m$^2$ optics, and \$100/kWh energy storage to achieve \$517M capital cost for the beam director and \$8k energy cost to accelerate each 19 cm diameter sail. The ground-based test facility assumes \$100/W lasers, \$1M/m$^2$ optics, \$500/kWh energy storage, and \$10k/m vacuum tunnel. To reach 20 km/s, fast enough to escape the solar system from Earth, takes 0.4 km of vacuum tunnel, 22 kW of lasers, and a 0.6 m diameter telescope, all of which costs \$5M. The system model predicts that, ultimately, Starshot can scale to propel probes faster than 0.9 c.
Micro-optics for Opto-genetic Neuro-stimulation with Micro-LED Arrays
Creators: name: Chaudet, Lionel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The breakthrough discovery of a nanoscale optically gated ion channel protein, Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), in combination with a genetically expressed optically activated ion pump, Halorhodopsin, allowed the direct stimulation and inhibition of individual action potentials with light alone. This thesis describes the development of optics and micro-optics which when used with micro-led array sources, collects and projects light efficiently and uniformly onto such opto-genetically modified specimens. When used with enhanced light gated ion channels and pumps these systems allow us to further our understanding of both brain and visual systems. Micro-LED arrays permit spatio-temporal control of neuron stimulation on sub-millisecond timescales. However, micro-led arrays are disadvantaged by the broad-angular spread of their light emission and their low spatial fill factor. We present the design of macro and micro-optics systems for use with a micro-LED arrays consisting of a matrix of 25μm diameter micro-LEDs with 150 or 80μm centre-to-centre spacing. On one system, the micro-LED array is imaged onto off-the-shelf micro-optics using macro-optics and in the other system; micro-LED array and custom micro-optics are optimised and integrated together. The two systems are designed to improve the fill-factor from 2% to more than 78% by capturing a larger fraction of the LED emission and directing it correctly to the sample plane. This approach allows low fill factor arrays to be used effectively, which in turn has benefits in terms of thermal management and electrical drive from CMOS backplane electronics. These systems were implemented as an independent set that could be connected to a variety of different microscopes available for Patch-clamp and Multi-electrode measurements. As well, the feasibility of an eye prosthesis was tested using virtual reality optics and a fake eye to stimulate ganglion cells and by doing in-vivo stimulation of the genetically modified retina of a mouse.
Additional file 2 of Mentoring in palliative medicine in the time of covid-19: a systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Goh, Sherill
name: Wong, Ruth Si Man
name: Quah, Elaine Li Ying
name: Chua, Keith Zi Yuan
name: Lim, Wei Qiang
name: Ng, Aubrey Ding Rui
name: Tan, Xiu Hui
name: Kow, Cheryl Shumin
name: Teo, Yao Hao
name: Lim, Elijah Gin
name: Pisupati, Anushka
name: Chong, Eleanor Jia Xin
name: Kamal, Nur Haidah Ahmad
name: Tan, Lorraine Hui En
name: Tay, Kuang Teck
name: Ong, Yun Ting
name: Chiam, Min
name: Lee, Alexia Sze Inn
name: Chin, Annelissa Mien Chew
name: Mason, Stephen
name: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 2. Summary of Included Articles.
InSPECT Significant Properties Testing Report: Audio Recordings
Creators: name: Knight, Gareth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Digital Humanities
subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: This report examines the notion of significant properties as it applies to digital audio. It seeks to identify the significant properties of audio that must be maintained by examining each of its constituent elements and analyzing their designated function. It goes on to examine strategies thatmay be utilized to maintain access to audio assets in the long-term. Finally, it outlines a set ofexperiments that were performed by the project team to identify and evaluate tools that may be utilized to convert significant properties from one form to another.
Full Commuting Projector Hamiltonians of Interacting Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases of Fermions
Creators: name: Tantivasadakarn, Nathanan
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the decorated domain wall procedure, we construct Finite Depth Local Unitaries (FDLUs) that realize Fermionic Symmetry-Protected Topological (SPT) phases. This results in explicit 'full' commuting projector Hamiltonians, where 'full' implies the fact that the ground state, as well as all excited states of these Hamiltonians, realizes the nontrivial SPT phase. We begin by constructing explicit examples of 1+1D phases protected by symmetry groups $G=\mathbb Z_2^T \times \mathbb Z_2^F$ , which also has a free fermion realization in class BDI, and $G=\mathbb Z_4 \times \mathbb Z_4^F$, which does not. We then turn to 2+1D, and construct the square roots of the Levin-Gu bosonic SPT phase, protected by $\mathbb Z_2 \times \mathbb Z_2^F$ symmetry, in a concrete model of fermions and spins on the triangular lattice. Edge states and the anomalous symmetry action on them are explicitly derived. Although this phase has a free fermion representation as two copies of $p+ip$ superconductors combined with their $p-ip$ counterparts with a different symmetry charge, the full set of commuting projectors is only realized in the strongly interacting version, which also implies that it admits a many-body localized realization.
description: 20 pages. 8 figures. v2 published version
Eschara Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Flustridae
Eschara

description: Eschara [gen. nov.]
Flores Hydrae. Ellis cor. t. 29. f. D. 1.
Stirps radicata, papyracea, nuda, porosa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 804, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Interfacial fluid dynamics in the presence of electric fields
Creators: name: Wray, Alex
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Thin film flows are of central importance to a variety of industrial and scientific processes such as heat and mass transfer, micro- and nanotechnological settings such a lab-on-a-chip devices, and geophysical flows. Understanding their behaviour is thus of central importance. While they have been subjected to a great deal of analysis, there are still regimes in which this behaviour is only partially understood, especially in highly nonlinear free surface flows, and particularly in the presence of other competing physical effects. This dissertation focuses on the behaviour of nonlinear flows in the presence of electric fields. By introducing a potential difference between the surface electrode on which the fluid rests and a second electrode above the fluid, an interfacial stress is induced due to the disparity in electrical properties between the liquid and gas media. It is found via direct numerical computations in both linear and nonlinear regimes that for a broad range of parameters the induced disturbances have wavelengths which are large compared to the thickness of the film layer. This may be exploited in the guise of the lubrication approximation in order to reduce the Navier-Stokes equations to inordinately more tractable forms; these `low-order models' form the core of the study of this thesis. Particular attention is paid to studying these films in a variety of geometries. It turns out that the introduction of curvature to a substrate renders the asymptotic analyses somewhat more delicate than is the case for planar films. The generalised analysis presented herein is applied to several different particular situations, including geometries where the surface is curved in the streamwise or spanwise direction. The resultant models incorporate the effects of capillarity, viscous stress, electrostatically-induced Maxwell stress, and inertia, as well as interfacial charge transport effects. It is demonstrated via comparison to direct numerical computations that this low-order modelling is highly accurate in a wide array of circumstances, where particular attention is given to flows on planes and on the surface of fibres. It is demonstrated that disturbances of particular wavelengths can be either excited or suppressed in a spatiotemporally-specific manner. This gives an enormous degree of control with many practical ramifications. Perhaps most significantly it is demonstrated that this method allows one to overcome the formerly ubquitous assumption that low-order models were confined to use for thin film flows: it is now possible to model `thick' flows. This has only been verified in a small set of geometries, but stands to have significant ramifications as the method could be used to improve any existing model in the literature that is predicated on the thin-film assumption.
Reminiscences of Graves B. Erskine 1970
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Veterans
World War, 1914-1918
World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American
World War, 1939-1945--Amphibious operations

description: Family background, education; World War I, France; sea and foreign duty, 1921-30; Peking, 1935-37; World War II, Attu, Kiska operations, 1941-43; Kwajalein operation; General Holland M. Smith; Saipan, Iwo Jima, Guam, 1944-45; administrator, Retraining and Reemployment Administration, Department of Labor, 1945-47; Special Joint State-Defense Survey mission to Southeast Asia, 1950; Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic: planning involvement with North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Delta degrees of freedom in antisymmetrized molecular dynamics and (p,p') reactions in the delta region
Creators: name: Engel, Andreas
name: Tanaka, Eiji I.
name: Maruyama, Tomoyuki
name: Ono, Akira
name: Horiuchi, Hisashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Delta degrees of freedom are introduced into antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). This is done by increasing the number of basic states in the AMD wave function, introducing a Skyrme-type delta-nucleon potential, and including $NN\leftrightarrow NΔ$ reactions in the collision description. As a test of the delta dynamics, the extended AMD is applied to (p,p$'$) recations at $E_{\rm lab}=800$ MeV for a $^{12}$C target. It is found that the ratio and the absolute values for delta peak and quasielastic peak (QEP) in the $^{12}$C(p,p$'$) reaction are reproduced for angles $Θ_{\rm lab} \agt 40^\circ$, pointing to a correct treatment of the delta dynamics in the extended AMD. For forward angles the QEP is overestimated. The results of the AMD calculations are compared to one-step Monte Carlo (OSMC) calculations and a detailed analysis of multi-step and delta potential effects is given. As important side results we present a way to apply a Gallilei invariant theory for (N,N$'$) reactions up to $E_{\rm lab} \approx 800$ MeV which ensures approximate Lorentz invariance and we discuss how to fix the width parameter $ν$ of the single particle momentum distribution for outgoing nucleons in the AMD calculation.
description: 28 pages, revtex, 12 figures included, figures are also available upon request as postscript files from the authors (e-mail: engel@ruby.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp), submitted to Phys. Rev. C
CGFS : CHANNEL GROUND FISH SURVEY
Creators: name: GIRALDO Carolina
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 1988

description: La campagne CGFS fait partie d'une série historique de campagnes halieutiques débutée en 1988 (CGFS partie Est, réalisée sur le N/O Gwen Drez), et étendue à l'ensemble de la Manche de manière récurrente à partir de 2018 (sur N/O Thalassa). Son objectif principal est de collecter les données de base pour une estimation de l'état des ressources, par une évaluation directe de l'abondance des stocks et de leur distribution, associée à l'échantillonnage biologique des captures. Ayant lieu tous les ans entre mi-septembre et mi-octobre, elle contribue au projet européen de contractualisation de la collecte des données halieutiques de base (DCF).La campagne permet également un échantillonnage et une meilleure connaissance de l'ensemble de l'écosystème, répondant à la mise en place d'une approche écosystémique des pêches au niveau communautaire. La CGFS permet également la collecte des données pour de nombreux projets de recherche au niveau national et international. Les données collectées et validées sont transmises à la fin de chaque campagne aux bases de données nationales (SIH, Harmonie, Coriolis) et européennes (DATRAS), ce qui permet leur utilisation par différents groupes de travail et assure l'accès public à ces données.Enfin, les données CGFS contribuent à l'état de référence sur l'impact des nombreux projets d'extraction de granulats marins (Convention pluriannuelle signée entre le Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement et de l'Aménagement Durables, l'IFREMER et le BRGM) envisagés ou programmés sur la Manche orientale.
The CNOC2 Field Galaxy Redshift Survey
Creators: name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Yee, H. K. C.
name: Morris, S. L
name: Lin, H.
name: Sawicki, M.
name: Wirth, G.
name: Patton, D.
name: Shepherd, C. W.
name: Ellingson, E.
name: Schade, D.
name: Pritchet, C. J.
name: Hartwick, F. D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CNOC2 field galaxy redshift survey is designed to provide measurements of the evolution of galaxies and their clustering over the redshift range 0 to 0.7. The sample is spread over four sky patches with a total area of about 1.5 square degrees. Here we report preliminary results based on two of the sky patches, and the redshift range of 0.15 to 0.55. We find that galaxy evolution can be statistically described as nearly pure luminosity evolution of early and intermediate SED types, and nearly pure density evolution of the late SED types. The correlation of blue galaxies relative to red galaxies is similar on large scales but drops by a factor of three on scales less than about 0.3/h mpc, approximately the mean scale of virialization. There is a clear, but small, 60%, change in clustering with 1.4 mag of luminosity. To minimize these population effects in our measurement of clustering evolution, we choose galaxies with M_r^{k,e}<= -20 mag as a population whose members are most likely to be conserved with redshift. Remarkably, the evolution of the clustered density in proper co-ordinates at r < 10/h Mpc, proportional to r_0^gamma (1+z)^3, is best described as a ``de-clustering'', (1+z)^{0.6+/-0.4}. Or equivalently, there is a weak growth of clustering in co-moving co-ordinates, x_0~ (1+z)^{-0.3 +/- 0.2}. This conclusion is supported by the pairwise peculiar velocities which rise slightly, but not significantly, into the past. The Cosmic Virial Theorem applied to the CNOC2 data gives Q Omega_M/b=0.11 +/- 0.04$, where Q is the three point correlation parameter and b the bias. Similarly, galaxy groups have a virial mass-to-light ratio (evolution corrected) of M_{virial}/L_R^{k,e} = 215h Lsun/Msun, or Omega_M=0.15 +/- 0.05.
description: Presented at Royal Society Discussion Meeting, March 1998, "Large Scale Structure in the Universe" 20 pages, uses rspublic_mod style file included
Reminiscences of Grayson L. Kirk, 1975
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: College presidents

description: General Eisenhower as president of Columbia University, 1948-51: problems with faculty, fund-raising; contrast with Nicholas Murray Butler; formation of American Assembly, Institute for War and Peace, acquisition of Arden House; impressions of Kevin McCann and Robert Schulz
InSPECT Significant Properties Report (WP2.2)
Creators: name: Wilson, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Digital Humanities
subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Significant Properties (SPs) have been in the digital preservation literature for a decade or more. There has been widespread agreement on the important role they play, but no consensus on exactly what is significant.Investigating the Significant Properties of Electronic Content over Time (InSPECT) aimed to expand and articulate the concept of ‘significant properties’, determine sets of significant properties for a specified group of digital object types, evaluate methods for measuring these properties for a sample of relevant representation formats, investigate and test the mapping and comparison of these properties between different representation formats, and identify any issues requiring further research.
This report explored the current versions, views, and visions of the concept at the core of this proposal, the idea of ‘significant properties’, also referred to as ‘significant characteristics’ and ‘essence by collecting all discussions of the concept, analysing them and developing a clear, consistent articulation of the concept. The project will review work being undertaken within the DELOS project, and now continuing within the EU-funded PLANETS project, within NARA’s Electronic Records Archive project in the US, and at the National Archives of Australia.
Nuclear incompressibility: An analytical study on leptodermous expansion
Creators: name: Maheswari, V. S. Uma
name: Ramamurthy, V. S.
name: Satpathy, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative study of the liquid-drop model (LDM) type expansions of energy $E$ and compression modulus $K_A$ is made within the energy density formalism using Skyrme interactions. As compared to the energy expansion, it is found that, in the pure bulk mode of density vibration, the LDM expansion of $K_A$ shows an anomalous convergence behaviour due to {\it pair \ effect}. A least squares fit analysis is done to estimate the minimum error, one would expect even with synthetic data due to the inherent nature of the LDM expansion of $K_A$ as well as the narrow range of accessible mass number $A$, in the values of the various coefficients. The dependence of the higher-order coefficients like curvature and Gauss curvature on the coupling $β_c$ between the bulk and surface parts of the monopole vibrations is analytically studied. It is shown that the $K_A -$ expansion including the dynamical effect ( $A-$ dependence of $β_c$ ) shows an `up-turn' behaviour below mass number about 120, suggesting the inapplicability of the LDM expansion of $K_A$ over this mass region.
description: 30 latex pages, five figures available on request ( to appear in Phy. Rev. C )
Unraveling the Landau's consistence criterion and the meaning of interpenetration in the "Two-Fluid" Model
Creators: name: Alonso, J. L.
name: Ares, F.
name: Brun, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we show that it is possible to unravel both the physical origin of the Landau's consistence criterion and the specific and subtle meaning of interpenetration of the "two fluids" if one takes into account that in the hydrodynamic regime one needs a coarse-graining in time to bring the system into local equilibrium. That is, the fuzziness in time is relevant for the phenomenological Landau's consistency criterion and the meaning of interpenetration. Note also that we are not questioning the validity of the "Two-Fluid" Model.
description: 8 pages, affiliation added, typos corrected, final version published in Eur. Phys. J. B
Particle Acceleration Zones Above Pulsar Polar Caps: Electron and Positron Pair Formation Fronts
Creators: name: Harding, Alice K.
name: Muslimov, Alexander G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate self-consistent particle acceleration near a pulsar polar cap (PC) by the electrostatic field due to the effect of inertial frame dragging. Test particles gain energy from the electric field parallel to the open magnetic field lines and lose energy by both curvature radiation (CR) and resonant and non-resonant inverse Compton scattering (ICS) with soft thermal X-rays from the neutron star (NS) surface. Gamma-rays radiated by electrons accelerated from the stellar surface produce pairs in the strong magnetic field, which screen the electric field beyond a pair formation front (PFF). Some of the created positrons can be accelerated back toward the surface and produce gamma-rays and pairs that create another PFF above the surface. We find that ICS photons control PFF formation near the surface, but due to the different angles at which the electron and positron scatter the soft photons, positron initiated cascades develop above the surface and screen the accelerating electric field. Stable acceleration from the NS surface is therefore not possible in the presence of dominant ICS energy losses. However, we find that stable acceleration zones may occur at some distance above the surface, where CR dominates the electron and positron energy losses, and there is up-down symmetry between the electron and positron PFFs. We examine the dependence of CR-controlled acceleration zone voltage, width and height above the surface on parameters of the pulsar and its soft X-ray emission. For most pulsars, we find that acceleration will start at a height of 0.5 - 1 stellar radii above the NS surface.
description: 46 pages, 12 embedded figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
p-adic Langlands functoriality
Creators: name: Ludwig, Judith
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: In this thesis we prove p-adic Langlands functoriality in two settings. Firstly we prove a p-adic Labesse-Langlands transfer from the group of units in a defnite quaternion algebra to its subgroup of norm one elements. Secondly we show p-adic functoriality for inner forms of unitary groups in three variables. In both cases we show that given an eigenvariety for the first group, there exists an eigenvariety for the second group and a morphism between them that extends the classical Langlands transfer and has an interpretation as a p-adic Langlands transfer.
Additional file 12: of Rice stripe virus-derived siRNAs play different regulatory roles in rice and in the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus
Creators: name: Yang, Meiling
name: Xu, Zhongtian
name: Zhao, Wan
name: Liu, Qing
name: Li, Qiong
name: Lu, Lu
name: Liu, Renyi
name: Zhang, Xiaoming
name: Cui, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Figure S9. Volcano plot to show the fold change and error rates of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RSV-infected rice. Green dots represent DEGs. (PDF 118 kb)
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0171r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0171r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0171r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
InSPECT Significant Properties Testing Report: Structured Text
Creators: name: Montague, Lynne
name: Knight, Gareth
name: Brown, Adrian
name: Grace, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Digital Humanities

description: Significant properties are those aspects of a digital record that must be preserved over time in order for the Information Object to remain accessible and meaningful. This report examines the notion of significant properties as it applies to structured text documents. It seeks to identify the significant properties of structured text that must be maintained by examining each of its constituent elements and analysing its designated function. It goes on to examine strategies that may be utilised to maintain access to structured text assets in the long-term. Finally, it outlines a set of experiments that were performed by the project team to identify and evaluate tools that may be utilised to convert significant properties from one form to another.
Bond-ordered states and $f$-wave pairing of spinless fermions on the honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Hesselmann, Stephan
name: Scherer, Daniel D.
name: Scherer, Michael M.
name: Wessel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinless fermions on the honeycomb lattice with repulsive nearest-neighbor interactions are known to harbour a quantum critical point at half-filling, with critical behaviour in the Gross-Neveu (chiral Ising) universality class. The critical interaction strength separates a weak-coupling semimetallic regime from a commensurate charge-density-wave phase. The phase diagram of this basic model of correlated fermions on the honeycomb lattice beyond half-filling is, however, less well established. Here, we perform an analysis of its many-body instabilities using the functional renormalization group method with a basic Fermi surface patching scheme, which allows us to treat instabilities in competing channels on equal footing also away from half-filling. Between half-filling and the van-Hove filling, the free Fermi surface is hole-like and we again find a charge-density wave instability to be dominant at large interactions. Moreover, its characteristics are those of the half-filled case. Directly at the van-Hove filling the nesting property of the free Fermi surface stabilizes a dimerized bond-order phase. At lower filling the free Fermi surface becomes electron-like and a superconducting instability with $f$-wave symmetry is found to emerge from the interplay of intra-unitcell repulsion and collective fluctuations in the proximity to the charge-density wave instability. We estimate the extent of the various phases and extract the corresponding order parameters from the effective low-energy Hamiltonians.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Sharpening up Galactic all-sky maps with complementary data - A machine learning approach
Creators: name: Müller, Ancla
name: Hackstein, Moritz
name: Greiner, Maksim
name: Frank, Philipp
name: Bomans, Dominik
name: Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen
name: Enßlin, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic all-sky maps at very disparate frequencies, like in the radio and $γ$-ray regime, show similar morphological structures. This mutual information reflects the imprint of the various physical components of the interstellar medium. We want to use multifrequency all-sky observations to test resolution improvement and restoration of unobserved areas for maps in certain frequency ranges. For this we aim to reconstruct or predict from sets of other maps all-sky maps that, in their original form, lack a high resolution compared to other available all-sky surveys or are incomplete in their spatial coverage. Additionally, we want to investigate the commonalities and differences that the ISM components exhibit over the electromagnetic spectrum. We build an $n$-dimensional representation of the joint pixel-brightness distribution of $n$ maps using a Gaussian mixture model and see how predictive it is: How well can one map be reproduced based on subsets of other maps? Tests with mock data show that reconstructing the map of a certain frequency from other frequency regimes works astonishingly well, predicting reliably small-scale details well below the spatial resolution of the initially learned map. Applied to the observed multifrequency data sets of the Milky Way this technique is able to improve the resolution of, e.g., the low-resolution Fermi LAT maps as well as to recover the sky from artifact-contaminated data like the ROSAT 0.855 keV map. The predicted maps generally show less imaging artifacts compared to the original ones. A comparison of predicted and original maps highlights surprising structures, imaging artifacts (fortunately not reproduced in the prediction), and features genuine to the respective frequency range that are not present at other frequency bands. We discuss limitations of this machine learning approach and ideas how to overcome them.
Electron-positron pairs from thermal resonances in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Neumann, John J.
name: Seibert, David
name: Fai, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a boost-invariant one-dimensional (cylindrically symmetric) fluid dynamics code to calculate $e^+e^-$ production from $ρ^0$ and $ω$ decay in the central rapidity region of a central S+Au collision at $\sqrt{s}=20$ GeV/nucleon. We use equations of state with a first-order phase transition between a massless pion gas and quark gluon plasma, with transition temperatures in the range $150-200$ MeV. The production cross section at the $ρ$ mass loosely constrains the transition and freeze-out temperatures, and we find that the $m_T$ spectrum is a good thermometer for sufficiently high $T_c$.
description: 11 pages RevTeX, 2 uuencoded figures. Numerical error corrected, figures and text updated to take this into account. To appear in Phys. Rev. C
Turbulence and angular momentum transport in a global accretion disk simulation
Creators: name: Armitage, Philip J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global development of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in an accretion disk is studied within a simplified disk model that omits vertical stratification. Starting with a weak vertical seed field, a saturated state is obtained after a few tens of orbits in which the energy in the predominantly toroidal magnetic field is still subthermal. The efficiency of angular momentum transport, parameterized by the Shakura-Sunyaev alpha parameter, is of the order of 0.1. The dominant contribution to alpha comes from magnetic stresses, which are enhanced by the presence of weak net vertical fields. The power spectra of the magnetic fields are flat or decline only slowly towards the largest scales accessible in the calculation, suggesting that the viscosity arising from MHD turbulence may not be a locally determined quantity. I discuss how these results compare with observationally inferred values of alpha, and possible implications for models of jet formation.
description: ApJ Letters, in press. The paper and additional visualizations are available at http://www.cita.utoronto.ca/~armitage/global_abs.html
Stability and change in large technical systems: the privatisation of Great Britain's railways
Creators: name: Lovell, Katherine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Established infrastructure systems, such as telecommunications, energy and transportation, play an important economic and social role in the societies they support. Recent infrastructure privatisations and restructurings provide opportunities for improving our understanding of how change occurs in well-established mature systems. Some outcomes, including accidents and failures, have taken system-builders and policy-makers alike by surprise. This research seeks to improve understanding of infrastructure system change by studying a momentum changing event: the privatisation and restructuring of Great Britain’s railway system. The Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) and Large Technical Systems (LTS) theory are used together to examine system development before, during and after restructuring. A novel method is developed using LTS theory to structure data generation from contemporarily written archive sources. Two empirical studies are conducted. The first study analyses the gradual development of this mature system; it highlights the importance of the installed system in development and identifies several system-builders. The second study considers changes in system development that occurred across system privatisation and restructuring; it finds that changes emerged in actors and in activity within the socio-technical regime and it highlights some critical changes linked to later system failure. This work provides three contributions to existing research. (1)The method developed provides a systematic approach to studying established LTS across the broad scope and long periods necessary to capture change; it has the potential to be applied in other studies and could facilitate cross-sector and cross-study comparisons. (2)An extension of LTS theory is proposed that improves its application to the cases of established infrastructure systems and can enhance understanding of the way they change. (3)In considering potential system transformation of the system privatisation, the use of LTS and MLP framework is advocated. LTS theory is used to operationalise the socio-technical regime concept to address some of the limitations of the MLP framework.
Neutron Stars and Massive Quark Matter
Creators: name: Drago, A.
name: Tambini, U.
name: Hjorth-Jensen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Color-Dielectric model to describe quark confinement, including strange quarks and accounting for beta--equilibrium, we get masses for a static neutron star in the range $1.3\leq M/M_{\odot}\leq 1.54 $ for a radius $R\approx 9$ km. Rapid cooling through the direct URCA mechanism is obtained. The implications for the composition of neutron stars is discussed.
description: 8 pages, Revtex style, 4 uuencoded figures appended
Hamilton's approach in cosmological inflation with an exponential potential and its observational constraints
Creators: name: Núñez, Omar E.
name: Socorro, J.
name: Hernández-Jiménez, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology is analyzed with a general potential $\rm V(ϕ)$ in the scalar field inflation scenario. The Bohmian approach (a WKB-like formalism) was employed in order to constraint a generic form of potential to the most suited to drive inflation, from here a family of potentials emerges; in particular we select an exponential potential as the first non trivial case and remains the object of interest of this work. The solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation is also obtained for the selected potential in this scheme. Using Hamilton's approach and equations of motion for a scalar field $\rm ϕ$ with standard kinetic energy, we find the exact solutions to the complete set of Einstein-Klein-Gordon (EKG) equations without the need of the slow-roll approximation (SR). In order to contrast this model with observational data (Planck 2018 results), the inflationary observables: the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the scalar spectral index are derived in our proper time, and then evaluated under the proper condition such as the number of e-folding corresponds exactly at 50-60 before inflation ends. The employed method exhibits a remarkable simplicity with rather interesting applications in the near future.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure and 1 table. Part of a conference talk at "Alfredo Mac\'ias 60th Birthday Conference" imparted by Dr. J. Socorro at M\'exico City, M\'exico, April 27th 2018
Process development and characterisation of (Ta,Hf)C ultra-high temperature ceramics
Creators: name: Cedillos Barraza, Omar
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Tantalum carbide (TaC), hafnium carbide (HfC) and compounds in the TaC-HfC system have extremely high melting points (>3700ºC) making them potential candidates for thermal protection structures in hypersonic space vehicles. Information regarding mechanical and thermal properties of these compounds and their solid solutions is scarce. Synthesis and sintering of 4TaC-1HfC compounds was conducted using efficient reactive routes using self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) and a spark plasma sintering (SPS) furnace. Reactive one-step reactive spark plasma sintering (RSPS) and a combination of SHS+SPS were used as the processing routes to produce TaC-HfC ceramics. Relative density >98% was achieved by the SHS+SPS method without sintering aids at 2100°C for 20 min and 60 MPa. Product conversion of the reactants after SHS and after sintering was characterised by XRD. Analysis of microstructures was conducted by SEM and EDS. TaC, HfC and different TaC-HfC compounds were sintered using SPS at temperatures up to 2450°C using commercial powders of TaC and HfC. Microstructural evolution and solid solution formation was analysed in 4TaC-1HfC ceramics fabricated using SPS from 2050-2450ºC. XRD, SEM and EDS were used to analyse the formation of (Ta,Hf)C solid solutions. TEM was conducted and the diffusion mechanisms during sintering were analysed. Single-phase solid solutions were formed at sintering temperatures ≥2350ºC for 20 min and 30 MPa. In addition, TaC, HfC, 1TaC-1HfC and 1TaC-4HfC ceramics were sintered by SPS at 2350ºC. Measurements of mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness) and thermal properties (thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion) are reported. Melting temperatures (Tm) were reassessed using a laser melting technique with a 4.5 kW, 1064 nm Nd:YAG CW laser programmed to deliver pulses with time ranging from 100 to 1000 ms and power up to 3980 W. HfC showed the highest melting temperature at 3959 ± 50 ºC, and the highest melting temperature for any known compound. Tm for TaC was measured at 3768 ± 40 ºC and the solid solutions fall in between the single member carbide values with 4TaC-1HfC at 3905 ± 40 ºC. Microstructural characterisation using SEM and TEM on samples after the laser testing experiments is reported.
A Study on Influential factors for attrition of selected  employees in Bangalore city
Creators: name: Usha, S P
Publisher: name: International Journal on Science and Engineering Development Research
Year: 2018
Subjects: Work force Retention, Attrition, Factors influencing

description: Now a day’s World has become global village and in this globalized and liberalized business economy, and cut throat competition era, every business is encountering stiff competition to meet the requirements of the profitable ways of Business. It appears that driving force towards the success of Business is delivery of high quality service. It is possible with “key Work Force” of the Organization and success of any Organization is depending up on the Retention of work force or key workers in Organization. But this itself is a Hercules job for the employer due to Attrition of Employees. So in this article is summary of micro study carried out to know the influential factors for attrition of selected employees in Bangalore City.