cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Adolescent expectations of early death predict young adult socioeconomic status
Creators: name: Poole, Charles
name: Villaveces, Andres
name: Nguyen, Quynh C.
name: Hussey, Jon M.
name: Marshall, Stephen W.
name: Siddiqi, Arjumand
name: Halpern, Carolyn T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Among adolescents, expectations of early death have been linked to future risk behaviors. These expectations may also reduce personal investment in education and training, thereby lowering adult socioeconomic status attainment. The importance of socioeconomic status is highlighted by pervasive health inequities and dramatic differences in life expectancy among education and income groups. The objectives of this study were to investigate patterns of change in perceived chances of living to age 35 (Perceived Survival Expectations; PSE), predictors of PSE, and associations between PSE and future socioeconomic status attainment. We utilized the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) initiated in 1994-95 among 20,745 adolescents in grades 7-12 with follow-up interviews in 1996 (Wave II), 2001-02 (Wave III) and 2008 (Wave IV; ages 24-32). At Wave I, 14% reported ≤ 50% chance of living to age 35 and older adolescents reported lower PSE than younger adolescents. At Wave III, PSE were similar across age. Changes in PSE from Wave I to III were moderate, with 89% of respondents reporting no change (56%), one level higher (22%) or one level lower (10%) in a 5-level PSE variable. Higher block group poverty rate, perceptions that the neighborhood is unsafe, and less time in the U.S. (among the foreign-born) were related to low PSE at Waves I and III. Low PSE at Waves I and III predicted lower education attainment and personal earnings at Wave IV in multinomial logistic regression models controlling for confounding factors such as previous family socioeconomic status, individual demographic characteristics, and depressive symptoms. Anticipation of an early death is prevalent among adolescents and predictive of lower future socioeconomic status. Low PSE reported early in life may be a marker for worse health trajectories.
Production, characterization and foamability of α-lactalbumin/glycomacropeptide supramolecular structures
Creators: name: Diniz, Renata S.
name: Coimbra, Jane S. R.
name: Teixeira, Alvaro V. N. C.
name: Costa, Angélica R.
name: Santos, Igor J. B.
name: Bressan, Gustavo C.
name: Rodrigues, Antonio M. C.
name: Silva, Luiza Helena M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of protein interactions has generated great interest in the food industry. Therefore, research on new supramolecular structures shows promise. Supramolecular structures of the whey proteins α-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide were produced under varying heat treatments (25 to 75 °C) and acidic conditions (pH 3.5 to 6.5). Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments showed protein interactions and demonstrated that this is an enthalpically driven process. Supramolecular protein structures in aqueous solutions were characterized by circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. Additional photon correlation spectroscopy experiments showed that the size distribution of the structures ranged from 4 to 3545 nm among the different conditions. At higher temperatures, lower pH increased particle size. The foamability of the supramolecular protein structures was evaluated. Analysis of variance and analysis of regression for foaming properties indicated that the two-factor interactions between pH and temperature exhibited a significant effect on the volume and stability of the foam.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
HIV and chemoprophylaxis, the importance of considering social structures alongside biomedical and behavioral intervention
Creators: name: Matthews, Derrick D.
name: Roberts, Eric T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This manuscript draws connections between chemoprophylaxis and the biomedical model of disease that emphasizes individual behavior. We argue that chemoprophylactic HIV interventions have limited utility at the population-level, and that structural interventions need to be prioritized. We use the recent CAPRISA 004 and iPrEx trials to (a) critique the utility of these trials from a public health perspective by highlighting the difference between efficacy and effectiveness, (b) apply an alternative theory of health behavior as a way to reorient the field toward the discussion of the need to employ structural interventions, and (c) examine two aspects of HIV prevention efforts – funding structures and iatrogenic effects of biomedical approaches – as a means of overcoming obstacles to more widespread adoption of structural interventions.
The association between parent’s health and the educational attainment of their children
Creators: name: Miech, Richard A.
name: Alexander, Kari B.
name: MacMillan, Ross
name: Boardman, Jason D.
name: Shanahan, Michael J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In this paper we compare the educational attainment of adults who had relatively unhealthy parents when they were adolescents to those whose parents were relatively healthy during this time of their lives. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n=13,556) to show that U.S. adolescents whose parents described their health as “fair” or “poor” at Wave 1 of the study were more likely to drop out of high school compared to those whose parents reported better levels of health. We do not observe any association between parental health and the likelihood of attending college among those who graduated from high school, however we do show that completing college (among college attendees) is more likely among those whose parents reported better health when they were adolescents. This association persists despite a wide range of statistical controls including socioeconomic status of the household, the physical and mental health status of the respondent, the grade point average of the respondent, the health behaviors of parents, as well as parental time investment. These findings add an important intergenerational component to research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and health.
Data Science Research Ethics in Practice
Creators: name: Professor Simon Munzert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Science
Data Science
Research Ethics

description: In this webinar, Professor Simon Munzert explored the topic of research ethics in practice with a focus on issues specific to data science and empirical social sciences. From conceptualization to data collection, analysis, and publication, this event delved into the steps of the research workflow and address the ethical considerations at each stage. Participants were encouraged to share their experiences and insights on how to navigate the complex ethical landscape of modern research.
Air pollution benefits from reduced on-road activity due to COVID-19 in the United States
Creators: name: Pandey, Gavendra
name: Arter, Calvin A
name: Buonocore, Jonathan J
name: Isakov, Vlad
name: Arunachalam, Saravanan
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2024

description: On-road transportation is one of the largest contributors to air pollution in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic provided the unintended experiment of reduced on-road emissions’ impacts on air pollution due to lockdowns across the United States. Studies have quantified on-road transportation's impact on fine particulate matter (PM2.5)–attributable and ozone (O3)–attributable adverse health outcomes in the United States, and other studies have quantified air pollution–attributable health outcome reductions due to COVID-19-related lockdowns. We aim to quantify the PM2.5-attributable, O3-attributable, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)–attributable adverse health outcomes from traffic emissions as well as the air pollution benefits due to reduced on-road activity during the pandemic in 2020. We estimate 79,400 (95% CI 46,100–121,000) premature mortalities each year due to on-road-attributable PM2.5, O3, and NO2. We further break down the impacts by pollutant and vehicle types (passenger [PAS] vs. freight [FRT] vehicles). We estimate PAS vehicles to be responsible for 63% of total impacts and FRT vehicles 37%. Nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from these vehicles are responsible for 78% of total impacts as it is a precursor for PM2.5 and O3. Utilizing annual vehicle miles traveled reductions in 2020, we estimate that 9,300 (5,500–14,000) deaths from air pollution were avoided in 2020 due to the state-specific reductions in on-road activity across the continental United States. By quantifying the air pollution public health benefits from lockdown-related reductions in on-road emissions, the results from this study stress the need for continued emission mitigation policies, like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) recently proposed NOX standards for heavy-duty vehicles, to mitigate on-road transportation's public health impact.
Impact of the equation-of-state -- gravity degeneracy on constraining the nuclear symmetry energy from astrophysical observables
Creators: name: He, Xiao-Tao
name: Fattoyev, F. J.
name: Li, Bao-An
name: Newton, W. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a degeneracy between the equation of state (EOS) of superdense neutron-rich nuclear matter and the strong-field gravity in understanding properties of neutron stars. While the EOS is still poorly known, there are also longstanding ambiguities in choosing General Relativity or alternative gravity theories in the not-so-well tested strong-field regime. Besides possible appearance of hyperons and new phases, the most uncertain part of the nucleonic EOS is currently the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy. To provide information that may help break the EOS-gravity degeneracy, we investigate effects of symmetry energy within its uncertain range determined by terrestrial nuclear laboratory experiments on the gravitational binding energy and spacetime curvature of neutron stars within GR and the scalar-tensor (ST) theory of gravity. In particular, we focus on effects of the following parameters characterizing the EOS of neutron-rich nucleonic matter: (1) the incompressibility $K_0$ of symmetric nuclear matter, (2) the slope $L$ of symmetry energy at saturation density and (3) the high-density behavior of symmetry energy. We find that the variation of either the density slope $L$ or the high-density behavior of symmetry energy leads to large changes in both the binding energy and curvature of neutron stars while effects of varying the more constrained $K_0$ are negligibly small. The difference in predictions using the GR and the ST theory appears only for massive neutron stars, and is significantly smaller than the differences resulting from variations in the symmetry energy. We conclude that within the ST theory of gravity, the EOS-gravity degeneracy has been broken by the recent relativistic pulsar measurements, and that measurements of neutron star properties sensitive to the compactness constrain mainly the density dependence of the symmetry energy.
description: Note a title change in the second version. An additional section has been added. 17 pages, 8 figures (3 additional figures), 1 table
The Role of Threonine Deaminase/Dehydratase in Winter Dormancy in Sweet Cherry Buds
Creators: name: Götz, Klaus-Peter
name: Ene, Chibueze
name: Fettke, Joerg
name: Chmielewski, Frank-M.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: endodormancy
subject: ecodormancy
subject: sweet cherry
subject: buds
subject: threonine deaminase/dehydratase
subject: ontogenetic development
subject: isoleucine
subject: valine
subject: 570 Biologie

description: The determination of the endodormancy release and the beginning of ontogenetic development is a challenge, because these are non-observable stages. Changes in protein activity are important aspects of signal transduction. The conversion of threonine to 2-oxobutanoate is the first step towards isoleucine (Ile) biosynthesis, which promote growth and development. The reaction is catalyzed by threonine deaminase/dehydratase (TD). This study on TD activity was conducted at the experimental sweet cherry orchard at Berlin-Dahlem. Fresh (FW), dry weight (DW), water content (WC), and the specific TD activity for the cherry cultivars Summit, Karina and Regina were conducted from flower bud samples between October and April. The content of asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), Ile, and valine (Val) were exemplarily shown for Summit. In buds of Summit and Karina, the TD activity was one week after the beginning of the ontogenetic development (t1*), significantly higher compared to samplings during endo- and ecodormancy. Such “peak” activity did not occur in the buds of Regina; TD tended for a longer time (day of year, DOY 6–48) to a higher activity, compared to the time DOY 287–350. For the date “one week after t1*”, the upregulation of TD, the markedly increase of the Ile and Val content, and the increase of the water content in the buds, all this enzymatically confirms the estimated start of the ontogenetic development (t1*) in sweet cherry buds.
A randomized controlled trial to improve health among women receiving welfare in the U.S.: The relationship between employment outcomes and the economic recession
Creators: name: Sheely, Amanda L.
name: Kneipp, Shawn M.
name: Kairalla, John A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The high prevalence of health conditions among U.S. women receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF, or `welfare') impedes the ability of many in this group to move from `welfare-to-work', and the economic recession has likely exacerbated this problem. Despite this, few interventions have been developed to improve employment outcomes by addressing the health needs of women receiving TANF, and little is known about the impact of economic downturns on the employment trajectory of this group. Using data from a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) that tested the efficacy of a public health nursing (PHN) intervention to address the chronic health condition needs of 432 American women receiving TANF, we examine the effect of the intervention and of recession exposure on employment. We further explore whether intervention effects were modified by select sociodemographic and health characteristics. Both marginal and more robust intervention effects were noted for employment-entry outcomes (any employment, p=0.05 and time-to-employment, p=0.01). There were significant effects for recession exposure on employment-entry (any employment, p=0.002 and time-to-employment, p<0.001). Neither the intervention nor recession exposure influenced longer-term employment outcomes (employment rate or maximum continuous employment). Intervention effects were not modified by age, education, prior TANF receipt, functional status, or recession exposure, suggesting the intervention was equally effective in improving employment-entry across a fairly heterogeneous group both before and after the recession onset. These findings advance our understanding of the health and employment dynamics among this group of disadvantaged women under variable macroeconomic conditions, and have implications for guiding health and TANF-related policy.
Robust control chart based on mixed-effects modeling framework: A case study in NAND flash memory industry
Creators: name: Yang, Daewon
name: Park, Jinsu
name: Park, Hayang
name: Hong, Sungki
name: Kim, Jongmin
name: Huh, Seonghui
name: Kim, Eunkyung
name: Jeong, Jaeyong
name: Chung, Yeonseung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this research, we analyze the real data in the NAND Flash memory industry using a control chart. There are thousands of electrical measures for each NAND Flash memory chip. We monitor these data through a control chart to ensure that the manufacturing process is in control. For better interpretability, we apply a univariate control chart technique to each variable. However, most existing control charts, such as the EWMA chart, do not include between-subgroup variations but only within-subgroup variations. They often obtain too narrow control limits for some variables, which leads too many subgroups to fall outside the control limits. To overcome this issue, we apply a control chart under a mixed-effects modeling framework to include both within-subgroup and between-subgroup variations. Additionally, the EWMA chart assumes that all the items are normally distributed; however, we frequently encounter that a normal assumption is violated. To overcome this limitation, we apply a robust approach based on a nonparametric sign chart. Furthermore, we introduce a p-value combination method to increase the statistical power for the gradual change detection of a statistical process. Our study show that the proposed control chart can efficiently monitor the real data in the NAND Flash memory industry.
Structure of chromomagnetic fields in the glasma
Creators: name: Lappi, T.
name: Dumitru, A.
name: Nara, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial stage of a heavy ion collision is dominated by nonperturbatively strong chromoelectric and -magnetic fields. The spatial Wilson loop provides a gauge invariant observable to probe the dynamics of the longitudinal chromomagnetic field. We discuss recent results from a real time lattice calculation of the area-dependence of the expectation value of the spatial Wilson loop. We show that at relatively early times after the collision, a universal scaling as a function of the area emerges at large distances for very different initial conditions, with a nontrivial critical exponent. A similar behavior has earlier been seen in calculations of the gluon transverse momentum spectrum, which becomes independent of the initial spectrum of gauge fields. We also show the distribution of eigenvalues of the spatial Wilson loop and the fluctuations of its real and imaginary parts.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, talk by TL at the Quark Matter 2014 conference, Darmstadt, Germany, May 19-24
Misrecognition of need: Women's experiences of and explanations for undergoing cesarean delivery
Creators: name: Ball, Helen L.
name: Tully, Kristin P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: International rates of operative delivery are consistently higher than the World Health Organization determined is appropriate. This suggests that factors other than clinical indications contribute to cesarean section. Data presented here are from interviews with 115 mothers on the postnatal ward of a hospital in Northeast England during February 2006 to March 2009 after the women underwent either unscheduled or scheduled cesarean childbirth. Using thematic content analysis, we found women’s accounts of their experiences largely portrayed cesarean section as everything that they had wanted to avoid, but necessary given their situations. Contrary to popular suggestion, the data did not indicate impersonalized medical practice, or that cesareans were being performed ‘on request.’ The categorization of cesareans into ‘emergency’ and ‘elective’ did not reflect maternal experiences. Rather, many unscheduled cesareans were conducted without indications of fetal distress and most scheduled cesareans were not booked because of ‘choice.’ The authoritative knowledge that influenced maternal perceptions of the need to undergo operative delivery included moving forward from ‘prolonged’ labor and scheduling cesarean as a prophylactic to avoid anticipated psychological or physical harm. In spontaneously defending themselves against stigma from the ‘too posh to push’ label that is currently common in the media, women portrayed debate on the appropriateness of cesarean childbirth as a social critique instead of a health issue. The findings suggest the ‘need’ for some cesareans is due to misrecognition of indications by all involved. The factors underlying many cesareans may actually be modifiable, but informed choice and healthful outcomes are impeded by lack of awareness regarding the benefits of labor on the fetal transition to extrauterine life, the maternal desire for predictability in their parturition and recovery experiences, and possibly lack of sufficient experience for providers in a variety of vaginal delivery scenarios (non-progressive labor, breech presentation, and/or after previous cesarean).
title: Применение данных дистанционного зондирования Земли в определении таксационных показателей древостоя
Creators: name: Богданова, Евгения
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2022

description: В исследованиях биоразнообразия лесов используют таксационные и геоботанические описания и данные съемок, полученные с помощью средств малой авиации, самолетов и космических аппаратов. На потребность в модернизации методов изучения лесов указало активное развитие аэрокосмических средств зондирования земной поверхности. Преимущества дистанционного метода сбора данных были отмечены многолетней работой коллектива Научного геоинформационного центра. Предполагается, что инвентаризация даст объективную оценку эффективности использования леса и качества лесохозяйственных мероприятий. Одним из возможных направлений улучшения отечественной системы инвентаризации лесов является применение характеристик
автоматической классификации на базе данных дистанционного зондирования Земли. Аэрокосмическая съемка сверхвысокого разрешения в совокупности с лазерным сканированием имеют самые эффективные данные определения таксационных показателей лесной растительности.
Non-Abelian Monopole in the Parameter Space of Point-like Interactions
Creators: name: Ohya, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study non-Abelian geometric phase in $\mathscr{N} = 2$ supersymmetric quantum mechanics for a free particle on a circle with two point-like interactions at antipodal points. We show that non-Abelian Berry's connection is that of $SU(2)$ magnetic monopole discovered by Moody, Shapere and Wilczek in the context of adiabatic decoupling limit of diatomic molecule.
description: 15 pages, 3 tikz figures; minor corrections
Obesity, school obesity prevalence, and adolescent childbearing among U.S. young women
Creators: name: Frisco, Michelle L.
name: Kane, Jennifer B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In the United States, adolescent obesity reduces young women’s odds of forming romantic and sexual partnerships but increases the likelihood of risky sexual behavior when partnerships occur. This led us to conduct a study examining the relationship between adolescent obesity and adolescent childbearing. Our study has two aims. We draw from prior research to develop and test competing hypotheses about the association between adolescent obesity and young women’s risk of an adolescent birth. Drawing from risk regulation theory, we also examine whether the association between obesity and young women’s risk of an adolescent birth may vary across high schools with different proportions of obese adolescents. Multilevel logistic regression models are used to analyze data from 4242 female students in 102 U.S. high schools who participated in Wave I (1994–1995) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results are the first to show that obesity reduces female adolescents’ odds of childbearing, but that this association is not uniform across schools with different proportions of obese students. As the obesity prevalence in a school increases, so do obese young women’s odds of childbearing. We conclude that understanding whether and how obesity is associated with young women’s odds of having an adolescent birth requires attention to the weight context of high schools.
The critical period of infant feeding for the development of early disparities in obesity
Creators: name: Thompson, Amanda L.
name: Bentley, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Childhood obesity is an increasing public health problem, particularly among minority infants and young children. Disparities in overweight prevalence persist and widen with age, highlighting the need to identify factors contributing to early excess weight gain. We review the behavioral, social and macro-environmental factors contributing to the development of obesogenic early feeding practices among African-American infants and young children. We then examine the sociodemographic, household factors, feeding beliefs and infant characteristics associated with age-inappropriate feeding of liquids and solids (inappropriate feeding) among mothers and infants participating the U.S. Infant Care and Risk of Obesity Study, a cohort study of 217 low-income, first-time mothers and infants followed from 3 to 18 months of age. Maternal and infant anthropometry, infant diet, and maternal and household characteristics were collected at home visits at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months of age. Mixed logistic regression was used to estimate the association between maternal and infant characteristics and inappropriate feeding. Rates of age-inappropriate feeding are high; over 75% of infants received solids or juice by 3 months of age. The odds of age-inappropriate feeding were higher among mothers who were single, depressed or believed that their infant is a “greedy” baby. Inappropriate feeding was associated with higher daily energy intake in infants (β = 109.28 calories, p = 0.01) and with increased odds of high infant weight-for-length (WFL; OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.01–3.01). Our findings suggest that age-inappropriate complementary feeding influences current energy intakes and infant WFL, factors that may increase long-term obesity risk by shaping infant appetite, food preferences, and metabolism. Given the intractability of pediatric obesity, understanding the role of early feeding in shaping long-term health disparities is critical for developing prevention strategies to stem obesity in early childhood.
Balancing the load: A Voronoi based scheme for parallel computations
Creators: name: Steinberg, Elad
name: Yalinewich, Almog
name: Sari, Re'em
name: Duffell, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of numerical simulations in science is ever increasing and with it the computational size. In many cases single processors are no longer adequate and simulations are run on multiple core machines or supercomputers. One of the key issues when running a simulation on multiple CPUs is maintaining a proper load balance throughout the run and minimizing communications between CPUs. We propose a novel method of utilizing a Voronoi diagram to achieve a nearly perfect load balance without the need of any global redistributions of data. As a show case, we implement our method in RICH, a 2D moving mesh hydrodynamical code, but it can be extended trivially to other codes in 2D or 3D. Our tests show that this method is indeed efficient and can be used in a large variety of existing hydrodynamical codes as well as other applications.
description: 5 pages, Acceptedto ApjS. Comments are welcomed
No time for the gym? Housework and other non-labor market time use patterns are associated with meeting physical activity recommendations among adults in full-time, sedentary jobs
Creators: name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Smith, Lindsey P.
name: Popkin, Barry M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Physical activity and inactivity have distinct cardio-metabolic consequences, suggesting that combinations of activities can impact health above and beyond the effects of a single activity. However, little work has examined patterns of non-labor market time activity in the US population, particularly among full-time employees in sedentary occupations, who are at increased risk of adverse health consequences associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Identification of these patterns, and how they are related to total physical activity levels, is important for developing effective, attainable physical activity recommendations among sedentary employees, who typically have less time available for exercise. This is, especially the case for low-income employees who face the highest time and financial barriers to achieving physical activity goals.
A Review of CYP-Mediated Drug Interactions: Mechanisms and In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Assessment
Creators: name: Beers, Jessica L.
name: Lee, Jonghwa
name: Geffert, Raeanne M.
name: Jackson, Klarissa D.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Drug metabolism is a major determinant of drug concentrations in the body. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by the co-administration of multiple drugs can lead to alteration in the exposure of the victim drug, raising safety or effectiveness concerns. Assessment of the DDI potential starts with in vitro experiments to determine kinetic parameters and identify risks associated with the use of comedication that can inform future clinical studies. The diverse range of experimental models and techniques has significantly contributed to the examination of potential DDIs. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for the biotransformation of many drugs on the market, making them frequently implicated in drug metabolism and DDIs. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on the assessment of DDI risk for CYPs. This review article provides mechanistic insights underlying CYP inhibition/induction and an overview of the in vitro assessment of CYP-mediated DDIs.
Parenting with bipolar disorder: Coping with risk of mood disorders to children
Creators: name: Rosenstein, Donald L.
name: Peay, Holly Landrum
name: Biesecker, Barbara Bowles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Children of individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) have increased risk for mood disorders and other adverse psychosocial outcomes due to genetic and environmental risk. Though parents with BPD are aware of increased risk to children, little is known about efforts undertaken in response or their perceived utility. Among parents who self-report with BPD, this study identifies key variables associated with parental coping with children’s risk of mood disorders; and explores the relationship between monitoring children’s moods and perceived coping efficacy. In this U.S. study, active parental coping with, and cognitive distancing from, child’s risk were measured using novel scales. Parents (n=266) who self-identified as having BPD completed a web-based survey. They had at least one unaffected child. Most participants endorsed monitoring their children’s moods. Monitoring was associated with increased perceived control over the child’s well-being (p<0.005), but not feeling less worried. Active parental coping with risk to children was positively associated with active coping with own illness (β=0.25, p=0.001), family history (β=0.24, p=0.001), and self-report of current depression (β=0.16, p=0.037), explaining 13.8% of the variance (F=8.81, p<0.001). Cognitive distancing from the child’s risk was positively associated with confidence in diagnosis (β=0.25, p=0.001), and negatively associated with self-report of current mania (β=−0.19, p=0.007), perceiving BPD as genetic (β=−0.26, p<0.001) and having more children (β=−0.20, p=0.004); explaining 16.2% of the variance (F=8.63, p<0.001). Parents’ adaptation to their own BPD was modestly correlated with active coping with child’s risk (r=0.15, p<.05) but not with cognitive distancing. The findings support the importance of understanding causal attributions and the value of genetic education and counseling for parents with BPD. Further research is necessary to elucidate the psychological benefits of active coping versus cognitive distancing from child’s risk, and explore additional variables that predict parental coping with children’s risk of mood disorders.
Social support, social strain and inflammation: Evidence from a national longitudinal study of U.S. adults
Creators: name: Yang, Yang Claire
name: Schorpp, Kristen
name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Social relationships have long been held to have powerful effects on health and survival, but it remains unclear whether such associations differ by function and domain of relationships over time and what biophysiological mechanisms underlie these links. This study addressed these gaps by examining the longitudinal associations of persistent relationship quality across a ten year span with a major indicator of immune function. Specifically, we examined how perceived social support and social strain from relationships with family, friends, and spouse at a prior point in time are associated with subsequent risks of inflammation, as assessed by overall inflammation burden comprised of five markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, E-selectin, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1) in a national longitudinal study of 647 adults from the Midlife Development in the United States (1995–2009). Results from multivariate regression analysis show that (1) support from family, friends, and spouse modestly protected against risks of inflammation; (2) family, friend, and total social strain substantially increased risks of inflammation; and (3) the negative associations of social strain were stronger than the positive associations of social support with inflammation. The findings highlight the importance of enriched conceptualizations, measures, and longitudinal analyses of both social and biological stress processes to elucidate the complex pathways linking social relationships to health and illness.
The color of health: Skin color, ethnoracial classification, and discrimination in the health of Latin Americans
Creators: name: Telles, Edward E.
name: Perreira, Krista M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Latin America is one of the most ethnoracially heterogeneous regions of the world. Despite this, health disparities research in Latin America tends to focus on gender, class and regional health differences while downplaying ethnoracial differences. Few scholars have conducted studies of ethnoracial identification and health disparities in Latin America. Research that examines multiple measures of ethnoracial identification is rarer still. Official data on race/ethnicity in Latin America are based on self-identification which can differ from interviewer-ascribed or phenotypic classification based on skin color. We use data from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to examine associations of interviewer-ascribed skin color, interviewer-ascribed race/ethnicity, and self-reported race/ethnicity with self-rated health among Latin American adults (ages 18-65). We also examine associations of observer-ascribed skin color with three additional correlates of health – skin color discrimination, class discrimination, and socio-economic status. We find a significant gradient in self-rated health by skin color. Those with darker skin colors report poorer health. Darker skin color influences self-rated health primarily by increasing exposure to class discrimination and low socio-economic status.
Peer Support in Online Communities
Creators: name: Yao, Zheng
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Social and Community Informatics

description:   Online peer support groups provide a conducive environment, allowing members  to get connected with peers who share similar difficulties. There, members are able  to provide informational and emotional support to each other without restrictions  of time and geographic location. However, peer support also suffers from a variety  of challenges, including members’ lack of commitment and expertise in providing  support. Failure to address these challenges might lead to unwanted consequences  such as volunteer burnout and mistreatment of helpees.  
In my work, I started off studying peer support in a health-related context, em phasizing two research questions, 1) how to keep members committed to providing  support and 2) how to empower committed members with skills so that they can  provide better support. It is not clear, however, the extent to which conclusions  obtained from this research can be applied to support groups where members might  have conflicts of interest. I then expand my work to peer support groups where mem bers have competition by examining how gig workers provide and receive support  online.In a specific case study, I explored how gig workers collectively make sense of  algorithms that manage their work in online communities
The redshift distribution of submillimetre galaxies at different wavelengths
Creators: name: Zavala, J. A.
name: Aretxaga, I.
name: Hughes, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using simulations we demonstrate that some of the published redshift distributions of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) at different wavelengths, which were previously reported to be statistically different, are consistent with a parent distribution of the same population of galaxies. The redshift distributions which peak at z_med=2.9, 2.6, 2.2, 2.2, and 2.0 for galaxies selected at 2 and 1.1 mm, and 870, 850, and 450 um respectively, can be derived from a single parent redshift distribution, in contrast with previous studies. The differences can be explained through wavelength selection, depth of the surveys, and to a lesser degree, angular resolution. The main differences are attributed to the temperature of the spectral energy distributions, as shorter-wavelength maps select a hotter population of galaxies. Using the same parent distribution and taking into account lensing bias we can also reproduce the redshift distribution of 1.4 mm-selected ultra-bright galaxies, which peaks at z_med=3.4. However, the redshift distribution of 450 um-selected galaxies in the deepest surveys, which peaks at z_med=1.4, cannot be reproduced from the same parent population with just these selection effects. In order to explain this distribution we have to add another population of galaxies or include different selection biases.
description: Final version to appear in MNRAS
Finite BRST-antiBRST Transformations in Lagrangian Formalism
Creators: name: Moshin, Pavel Yu.
name: Reshetnyak, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T13, 70S15, 70S05

description: We continue the study of finite BRST-antiBRST transformations for general gauge theories in Lagrangian formalism initiated in [arXiv:1405.0790[hep-th]], with a doublet $λ_{a}$, $a=1,2$, of anticommuting Grassmann parameters, and find an explicit Jacobian corresponding to this change of variables for constant $λ_{a}$. This makes it possible to derive the Ward identities and their consequences for the generating functional of Green's functions. We announce the form of the Jacobian [proved to be correct in [arXiv:1406.5086[hep-th]] for finite field-dependent BRST-antiBRST transformations with functionally-dependent parameters, $λ_{a}% =s_{a}Λ$, induced by a finite even-valued functional $Λ(ϕ,π,λ)$ and by the generators $s_{a}$ of BRST-antiBRST transformations acting in the space of fields $ϕ$, antifields $ϕ_{a}^{\ast}$, $\bar ϕ$ and auxiliary variables $π^{a},λ$. On the basis of this Jacobian, we solve a compensation equation for $Λ$, which is used to achieve a precise change of the gauge-fixing functional for an arbitrary gauge theory. We derive a new form of the Ward identities containing the parameters $λ_{a}$ and study the problem of gauge-dependence. The general approach is exemplified by the Freedman--Townsend model of\ a non-Abelian antisymmetric tensor field.
description: 11 pages, no figures, (5.9) and Discussion extended, section with Freedman-Townsend model, 4+6 references and acknowledgments added
Challenges to recruiting population representative samples of female sex workers in China using Respondent Driven Sampling
Creators: name: Chen, Xiangsheng
name: Weir, Sharon
name: Merli, M. Giovanna
name: Smith, Jeffrey
name: Li, Jing
name: Moody, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We explore the network coverage of a sample of female sex workers (FSWs) in China recruited through Respondent Drive Sampling (RDS) as part of an effort to evaluate the claim of RDS of population representation with empirical data. We take advantage of unique information on the social networks of FSWs obtained from two overlapping studies --RDS and a venue-based sampling approach (PLACE) -- and use an exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) framework from local networks to construct a likely network from which our observed RDS sample is drawn. We then run recruitment chains over this simulated network to assess the assumption that the RDS chain referral process samples participants in proportion to their degree and the extent to which RDS satisfactorily covers certain parts of the network. We find evidence that, contrary to assumptions, RDS oversamples low degree nodes and geographically central areas of the network. Unlike previous evaluations of RDS which have explored the performance of RDS sampling chains on a non-hidden population, or the performance of simulated chains over previously mapped realistic social networks, our study provides a robust, empirically grounded evaluation of the performance of RDS chains on a real-world hidden population.
Multi-wavelength afterglows of fast radio bursts
Creators: name: Yi, Shuang-Xi
name: Gao, He
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical nature of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is not identified. Detecting electromagnetic counterparts in other wavelengths is essential to measure their distances and to settle down their physical nature. Assuming that at least some of them are of a cosmological origin, we calculate their afterglow lightcurves in multi-wavelengths (X-rays, optical and radio) by assuming a range of their total kinetic energies and redshifts. We focus on forward shock emission, but also consider the possibility that some of them might have bright reverse shock emission. In general, the FRB afterglows are too faint to be detected by current detectors. Only if an FRB has a very low radiative efficiency in radio (hence, a very large kinetic energy), and when it is close enough, can its afterglow be detected in the optical and radio bands. We discuss observational strategies to detect these faint afterglows using future telescopes such as LSST and EVLA.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Accepted by APJL
Entanglement and separability in the noncommutative phase-space scenario
Creators: name: Bernardini, Alex E.
name: Bastos, Catarina
name: Bertolami, Orfeu
name: Dias, Nuno C.
name: Prata, João N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantumness and separability criteria for continuous variable systems are discussed for the case of a noncommutative (NC) phase-space. In particular, the quantum nature and the entanglement configuration of NC two-mode Gaussian states are examined. Two families of covariance matrices describing standard quantum mechanics (QM) separable states are deformed into a NC QM configuration and then investigated through the positive partial transpose criterium for identifying quantum entanglement. It is shown that the entanglement of Gaussian states may be exclusively induced by switching on the NC deformation. Extensions of some preliminary results are presented.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Based on a talk delivered by A.E.B. at DICE 2014 Spacetime - Matter - Quantum Mechanics ... news on missing links, 15th - 19th September 2014, Castiglioncello, Italy