cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finding One Community in a Sparse Graph
Creators: name: Montanari, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a random sparse graph with bounded average degree, in which a subset of vertices has higher connectivity than the background. In particular, the average degree inside this subset of vertices is larger than outside (but still bounded). Given a realization of such graph, we aim at identifying the hidden subset of vertices. This can be regarded as a model for the problem of finding a tightly knitted community in a social network, or a cluster in a relational dataset. In this paper we present two sets of contributions: $(i)$ We use the cavity method from spin glass theory to derive an exact phase diagram for the reconstruction problem. In particular, as the difference in edge probability increases, the problem undergoes two phase transitions, a static phase transition and a dynamic one. $(ii)$ We establish rigorous bounds on the dynamic phase transition and prove that, above a certain threshold, a local algorithm (belief propagation) correctly identify most of the hidden set. Below the same threshold \emph{no local algorithm} can achieve this goal. However, in this regime the subset can be identified by exhaustive search. For small hidden sets and large average degree, the phase transition for local algorithms takes an intriguingly simple form. Local algorithms succeed with high probability for ${\rm deg}_{\rm in} - {\rm deg}_{\rm out} > \sqrt{{\rm deg}_{\rm out}/e}$ and fail for ${\rm deg}_{\rm in} - {\rm deg}_{\rm out} < \sqrt{{\rm deg}_{\rm out}/e}$ (with ${\rm deg}_{\rm in}$, ${\rm deg}_{\rm out}$ the average degrees inside and outside the community). We argue that spectral algorithms are also ineffective in the latter regime. It is an open problem whether any polynomial time algorithms might succeed for ${\rm deg}_{\rm in} - {\rm deg}_{\rm out} < \sqrt{{\rm deg}_{\rm out}/e}$.
description: 30 pages, 8 pdf figures
Assessment of the reactance lung volume relationship from the forced oscillation technique
Creators: name: KRISTOPHER CHARLES MAGNUS NILSEN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This thesis describes the first clinically useful methods of assessing lung de-recruitment and airway closure from the forced oscillation technique. De-recruitment of airspaces in the lung occurs when airways close during exhalation and is altered in disease. Importantly, this is the first method able to identify the lung volume where lung de-recruitment is initiated and it establishes that de-recruitment occurs in two stages. The best methods of producing reliable clinically useful results are also established.
The host galaxy of low-luminosity compact sources
Creators: name: Vietri, A.
name: Berton, M.
name: Järvelä, E.
name: Kunert-Bajraszewska, M.
name: Ciroi, S.
name: Varglund, I.
name: Barba, B. Dalla
name: Sani, E.
name: Crepaldi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The term 'active galactic nuclei' (AGN) subtends a huge variety of objects, classified on their properties at different wavelengths. Peaked sources (PS) represent a class of AGN at the first stage of evolution, characterised by a peaked radio spectrum. Among these radio sources, low-luminosity compact (LLC) sources can be identified as PS accreting with a high Eddington rate, harbouring low-power jets and hosting low-mass black holes. These properties are also shared by narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s). In 2016, LLCs were hypothesised to be the parent population of NLS1s with a flat radio spectrum (F-NLS1s), suggesting the former to be the same objects as the latter, seen at higher inclination. Based on radio luminosity functions and optical spectra analysis, 10 LLCs were identified as valid candidates for F-NLS1s. To account for the missing puzzle piece, verifying if these LLCs could be hosted in late-type galaxies as NLS1s, we performed the photometric decomposition of their Pan-STARRS1 images in all five filters. We used the 2D fitting algorithm GALFIT for the single-band analysis, and its extension GALFITM for the multi-band analysis. Considering that the morphological type and the structural parameters of the host can be dependent on the wavelength, we found six out of ten LLCs hosted in late-type galaxies, probably with pseudo-bulges, three point-like sources and one object of uncertain classification. Although this study is based on a small sample, it represents the first morphological analysis of LLC host galaxies. The results confirm the trend observed in NLS1s, indicating late-type/disc-like host galaxies for LLCs and supporting the validity of the parent population scenario.
description: 15 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
On the consistency of universally non-minimally coupled $f(R,T,R_{μν}T^{μν})$ theories
Creators: name: Ayuso, Ismael
name: Jimenez, Jose Beltran
name: Dombriz, Alvaro de la Cruz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the consistency of a recently proposed class of theories described by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, the trace of the energy-momentum tensor and the contraction of the Ricci tensor with the energy-momentum tensor. We briefly discuss the limitations of including the energy-momentum tensor in the action, as it is a non fundamental quantity, but a quantity that should be derived from the action. The fact that theories containing non-linear contractions of the Ricci tensor usually leads to the presence of pathologies associated with higher-order equations of motion will be shown to constrain the stability of this class of theories. We provide a general framework and show that the conformal mode for these theories generally has higher-order equations of motion and that non-minimal couplings to the matter fields usually lead to higher-order equations of motion. In order to illustrate such limitations we explicitly study the cases of a canonical scalar field, a K-essence field and a massive vector field. Whereas for the scalar field cases it is possible to find healthy theories, for the vector field case the presence of instabilities is unavoidable.
description: Minor changes, version published matching Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 104003. 15 pages, no figures
Domestic Cat Model for Predicting Human Nucleoside Analogue Pharmacokinetics in Blood and Seminal Plasma
Creators: name: Jordan, H. L.
name: Cohen, M. S.
name: Pereira, A. S.
name: Kashuba, A. D. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: To establish whether a feline model can predict nucleoside analogue behavior in human semen, zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) pharmacokinetic parameters (PKs) were determined in the blood and seminal plasma of healthy cats. Our results show considerable similarity in ZDV and 3TC PKs between cats and humans. As in humans, ZDV and 3TC tend to accumulate in feline seminal plasma. Area under the blood plasma concentration-time curve was predictive of seminal plasma excretion. The felid model offers a unique in vivo experimental alternative for investigating the pharmacokinetics of nucleoside analogues in the male genital tract.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors Used in Combination with Amprenavir
Creators: name: Lou, Y.
name: Eron, J. J.
name: Stein, D. S.
name: Lang, W.
name: Haubrich, R.
name: Sadler, B. M.
name: Gillotin, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: In an open-label, randomized, multicenter, multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study, we determined the steady-state pharmacokinetics of amprenavir with and without coadministration of indinavir, nelfinavir, or saquinavir soft gel formulation in 31 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects. The results indicated that amprenavir plasma concentrations were decreased by saquinavir soft gel capsule (by 32% for area under the concentration-time curve at steady state [AUCss] and 37% for peak plasma concentration at steady state [Cmax,ss]) and increased by indinavir (33% for AUCss). Nelfinavir significantly increased amprenavir minimum drug concentration at steady state (by 189%) but did not affect amprenavir AUCss or Cmax,ss. Nelfinavir and saquinavir steady-state pharmacokinetics were unchanged by coadministration with amprenavir compared with the historical monotherapy data. Concentrations of indinavir, coadministered with amprenavir, in plasma decreased in both single-dose and steady-state evaluations. The changes in amprenavir steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters, relative to those for amprenavir alone, were not consistent among protease inhibitors, nor were the changes consistent with potential interactions in CYP3A4 metabolism or P-glycoprotein transport. No dose adjustment of either protease inhibitor in any of the combinations studied is needed.
Implementierung der Mentalisierung in Beratungskonzepte des Lerncoachings. Konzipierung eines Leitfadens
Creators: name: Lang, Franziska
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Lerncoaching
Mentalisierung
Leitfaden

description: Es wird den Fragen nachgegangen, welches gelingende Beratungsaspekte sind und ob das Konzept des Mentalisierens in diese Beratungkonzepte implementiert werden kann. Auf eine Einführung in die Thematik des Lerncoachings und des Mentalisierens erfolgt die Auseinandersetzung mit den Lerncoachingansätzen – dem State of the Art - von Furman (2021), Hardeland (2018, 2021) und Nicolaisen (2013). In einem nächsten Schritt wird unter anderem anhand der Bindungstheorie in die Konzeptualisierung des Mentalisierens eingetaucht und kritisch gefragt, ob sich dies in den Leitfaden implementieren lässt. Auf dessen Ergebnis erfolgt die Erstellung des Leitfadens.
"Veliki srpski travnik " - The Neglected Heritage
Creators: name: Tijana, Ilić
name: Nešić Irina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: history of botany, herbal, Zaharija Orfelin, Elizabeth Blackwell

description: In this paper we present and discuss the origin and scientific significance of two works that are kept in the collection “Zaharija Orfelin’s Library” in the Patriarchate Library of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade. These are the first volume of “Veliki srpski travnik” (Eng. “Great Serbian Herbal”) and a newly discovered unidentified work of similar content. The aim of this study is to clarify the authorship of these works and bring them to the attention of the Serbian scientific community. In order to state the authorships precisely, all available literature on the subject has been reviewed. A comparison de visu of the copies of selected herbals from the Patriarchate Library in Belgrade, the British Library and the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew in London, and at the Bavarian State Library in Munich has been conducted. For many years Zaharija Stefanović Orfelin (1726-1785), a Serbian versatile creator, has been credited with the authorship of “Veliki srpski travnik”, although it had been established as far back as in 1921 by Mita Kostić that its authorship is manifold. “Veliki srpski travnik” is clearly one of the copies of “Herbarium Blackwellianum”, created first as a “Curious Herbal” in 1735 by Elizabeth Blackwell (1707-1758), a British herbalist, and later redrawn by Nikolaus Friedrich Eisenberger (1707-1771), a German painter. Zaharija Orfelin bought a copy of the herbal and recreated it as a 3-volume work. For the first volume he assigned Serbian names for the plants to each of the 490 illustrated plates, and described the attributes and usage for 7 plants. Identification of a newly discovered work from the Patriarchate Library in Belgrade has not yet been confirmed for certain, as an ink analysis is needed to determine the time range of creation. However, the plates, the illustrations and the handwriting of Serbian plant names imply that most probably it is one of the two lost volumes of “Veliki srpski travnik”. Even if he is not the author of herbal’s concept and illustrations, Orfelin’s contribution in terms of botanical nomenclature was a significant milestone for the foundations of Serbian botany.
The Young Planetary System K2-25: Constraints on Companions and Starspots
Creators: name: Mann, A.W.
name: Charbonneau, D.
name: Kain, I.J.
name: Newton, E.R.
name: Dittmann, J.A.
name: Thao, P.C.
name: Irwin, J.M.
name: Kain, I.J.
name: Newton, E.R.
name: Winters, J.G.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2020

description: The abundance of planets with orbital periods of a few to tens of days suggests that exoplanets experience complex dynamical histories. Planets in young stellar clusters or associations have well-constrained ages and therefore provide an opportunity to explore the dynamical evolution of exoplanets. K2-25b is a Neptune-sized planet in an eccentric, 3.48 day orbit around an M4.5 dwarf star in the Hyades cluster (650 Myr). In order to investigate its non-zero eccentricity and tight orbit, we analyze transit timing variations (TTVs) which could reveal clues to the migration processes that may have acted on the planet. We obtain 12 nonconsecutive transits using the MEarth observatories and long-term photometric monitoring, which we combine with 10 transits from the Spitzer Space Telescope and 20 transits from K2. Tables of MEarth photometry accompany this work. We fit each transit lightcurve independently. We first investigate whether inhomogeneities on the stellar surface (such as spots or plages) are differentially affecting our transit observations. The measured transit depth does not vary significantly between transits, though we see some deviations from the fiducial transit model. We then looked for TTVs as evidence of a nontransiting perturber in the system. We find no evidence for >1 M ? mass companions within a 2:1 period ratio, or for >5 M ? mass planets within a 7:2 period ratio.
Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Envelope in the Anti-HIV Activity of the Betulinic Acid Derivative IC9564
Creators: name: Matthews, T. J.
name: Chen, C. H.
name: Sun, I-C.
name: Lee, K.-H.
name: Holz-Smith, S. L.
name: Jin, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The betulinic acid derivative IC9564 is a potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) compound that can inhibit both HIV primary isolates and laboratory-adapted strains. However, this compound did not affect the replication of simian immunodeficiency virus and respiratory syncytial virus. Results from a syncytium formation assay indicated that IC9564 blocked HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope-mediated membrane fusion. Analysis of a chimeric virus derived from exchanging envelope regions between IC9564-sensitive and IC9564-resistant viruses indicated that regions within gp120 and the N-terminal 25 amino acids (fusion domain) of gp41 are key determinants for the drug sensitivity. By developing a drug-resistant mutant from the NL4-3 virus, two mutations were found within the gp120 region and one was found within the gp41 region. The mutations are G237R and R252K in gp120 and R533A in the fusion domain of gp41. The mutations were reintroduced into the NL4-3 envelope and analyzed for their role in IC9564 resistance. Both of the gp120 mutations contributed to the drug sensitivity. On the contrary, the gp41 mutation (R533A) did not appear to affect the IC9564 sensitivity. These results suggest that HIV-1 gp120 plays a key role in the anti-HIV-1 activity of IC9564.
Tolerance and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Rifabutin and Azithromycin
Creators: name: Hafner, R.
name: Mushatt, D.
name: Kumar, P.
name: Follansbee, S.
name: Bethel, J.
name: Standiford, H. C.
name: Drusano, G.
name: Cohn, D. L.
name: Raasch, R.
name: Mole, L.
name: Polk, R. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: This multicenter study evaluated the tolerance and potential pharmacokinetic interactions between azithromycin and rifabutin in volunteers with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Daily dosing with the combination of azithromycin and rifabutin was poorly tolerated, primarily because of gastrointestinal symptoms and neutropenia. No significant pharmacokinetic interactions were found between these drugs.
GL(3)-Based Quantum Integrable Composite Models. II. Form Factors of Local Operators
Creators: name: Pakuliak, Stanislav
name: Ragoucy, Eric
name: Slavnov, Nikita A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study integrable models solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and possessing the GL(3)-invariant R-matrix. We consider a composite model where the total monodromy matrix of the model is presented as a product of two partial monodromy matrices. Assuming that the last ones can be expanded into series with respect to the inverse spectral parameter we calculate matrix elements of the local operators in the basis of the transfer matrix eigenstates. We obtain determinant representations for these matrix elements. Thus, we solve the inverse scattering problem in a weak sense.
description: The title has been changed to make clearer the connexion with the preprint arXiv:1501.07566
Morus alba L.: Creating Miles of Smiles
Creators: name: Nurhayati Mohamad Zain
name: Indah Mohd Amin
name: Ahmad, Vivi Noryati
name: Hairi, Nur Haleesa Mohd
name: Mahadzir, Noor Izzyani
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110499 Complementary and Alternative Medicine not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110502 Dental Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Toxicology

description: Objectives: The aims of the study are to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of M. alba leaves
extract against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). Method: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antibiofilm
potential of extract was evaluated using biofilm inhibition assay and biofilm eradication assay. Oradex
mouthwash with 0.12% CHX was used as a positive control. All experiments were performed in triplicate and
repeated four times independently. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 23. A Kruskal-Wallis test
followed by post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was applied and level of significance was set at P < 0.001. Results:
Morus alba (M.alba) leaves extract showed antimicrobial activity against S.mutans with MIC and MBC,
25mg/ml and 50mg/ml respectively. The adherence of bacteria on extract treated surface (0.5x MIC) was
significantly reduced with adherence inhibition percentage of 72.5% compared to positive control CHX 0.12%
(63%). At 0.5x MIC concentration, the extract also disrupted preformed biofilms with eradication percentage of
52.87%. Conclusion: The results suggest that M. alba leaves extract represents an untapped source of local
plant with antibiofilm activity against S.mutans that could be a resource in the development of therapeutic
natural products in managing dental caries.
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). IX. A Flat Transmission Spectrum and a Highly Eccentric Orbit for the Young Neptune K2-25b as Revealed by Spitzer
Creators: name: Kain, I.J.
name: Guo, X.
name: Irwin, J.M.
name: Johnson, M.C.
name: Newton, E.R.
name: Thao, P.C.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Dalba, P.A.
name: Charbonneau, D.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Transiting planets in nearby young clusters offer the opportunity to study the atmospheres and dynamics of planets during their formative years. To this end, we focused on K2-25b - a close-in (P = 3.48 days), Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting a M4.5 dwarf in the 650 Myr Hyades cluster. We combined photometric observations of K2-25 covering a total of 44 transits and spanning >2 yr, drawn from a mix of space-based telescopes (Spitzer Space Telescope and K2) and ground-based facilities (Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network and MEarth). The transit photometry spanned 0.6-4.5 μm, which enabled our study of K2-25b's transmission spectrum. We combined and fit each data set at a common wavelength within a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework, yielding consistent planet parameters. The resulting transit depths ruled out a solar-composition atmosphere for K2-25b for the range of expected planetary masses and equilibrium temperature at a >4σ confidence level, and are consistent with a flat transmission spectrum. Mass constraints and transit observations at a finer grid of wavelengths (e.g., from the Hubble Space Telescope) are needed to make more definitive statements about the presence of clouds or an atmosphere of high mean molecular weight. Our precise measurements of K2-25b's transit duration also enabled new constraints on the eccentricity of K2-25's orbit. We find K2-25b's orbit to be eccentric (e > 0.20) for all reasonable stellar densities and independent of the observation wavelength or instrument. The high eccentricity is suggestive of a complex dynamical history and motivates future searches for additional planets or stellar companions.
Smallest state spaces for which bipartite entangled quantum states are separable
Creators: name: Anwar, Hussain
name: Jevtic, Sania
name: Rudolph, Oliver
name: Virmani, Shashank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to usual definitions, entangled states cannot be given a separable decomposition in terms of products of local density operators. If we relax the requirement that the local density operators be positive, then an entangled quantum state may admit a separable decomposition in terms of more general sets of single-system operators. This form of separability can be used to construct classical models and simulation methods when only restricted set of measurements are available. With such motivations in mind, we ask what are the smallest such sets of local operators such that a pure bipartite entangled quantum state becomes separable? We find that in the case of maximally entangled states there are many inequivalent solutions, including for example the sets of phase point operators that arise in the study of discrete Wigner functions. We therefore provide a new way of interpreting these operators, and more generally, provide an alternative method for constructing local hidden variable models for entangled quantum states under subsets of quantum measurements.
description: 17 pages, 2 figure, comments are welcome. v2 contain an additional figure and section with other minor changes and clarifications (in particular, emphasising the role of convex cone state spaces)
Antileishmanial Activities of Several Classes of Aromatic Dications
Creators: name: Tidwell, R. R.
name: Patrick, D. A.
name: Brendle, J. J.
name: Outlaw, A.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Boykin, D. W.
name: Werbovetz, K. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Aromatic dicationic molecules possess impressive activity against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens, including Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Candida albicans. In this work, 58 aromatic cations were examined for inhibitory activity against axenic amastigote-like Leishmania donovani parasites. In general, the most potent of the compounds were substituted diphenyl furan and thiophene dications. 2,5-Bis-(4-amidinophenyl)thiophene was the most active compound. This agent displayed a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.42 ± 0.08 μM against L. donovani and an in vitro antileishmanial potency 6.2-fold greater than that of the clinical antileishmanial dication pentamidine and was 155-fold more toxic to the parasites than to a mouse macrophage cell line. 2,4-Bis-(4-amidinopheny)furan was twice as active as pentamidine (IC50, 1.30 ± 0.21 μM), while 2,5-bis-(4-amidinopheny)furan and pentamidine were essentially equipotent in our in vitro antileishmanial assay. Carbazoles, dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes, and benzimidazoles containing amidine or substituted amidine groups were generally less active than the diphenyl furans and thiophenes. In all cases, aromatic dications possessing strong antileishmanial activity were severalfold more toxic to the parasites than to a cultured mouse macrophage cell line. These structure-activity relationships demonstrate the potent antileishmanial activity of several aromatic dications and provide valuable information for the future design and synthesis of more potent antiparasitic agents.
Improved Lower Bounds on the Ground-State Entropy of the Antiferromagnetic Potts Model
Creators: name: Chang, Shu-Chiuan
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present generalized methods for calculating lower bounds on the ground-state entropy per site, $S_0$, or equivalently, the ground-state degeneracy per site, $W=e^{S_0/k_B}$, of the antiferromagnetic Potts model. We use these methods to derive improved lower bounds on $W$ for several lattices.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Dataset Regeneration for Sequential Recommendation
Creators: name: Yin, Mingjia
name: Wang, Hao
name: Guo, Wei
name: Liu, Yong
name: Zhang, Suojuan
name: Zhao, Sirui
name: Lian, Defu
name: Chen, Enhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The sequential recommender (SR) system is a crucial component of modern recommender systems, as it aims to capture the evolving preferences of users. Significant efforts have been made to enhance the capabilities of SR systems. These methods typically follow the model-centric paradigm, which involves developing effective models based on fixed datasets. However, this approach often overlooks potential quality issues and flaws inherent in the data. Driven by the potential of data-centric AI, we propose a novel data-centric paradigm for developing an ideal training dataset using a model-agnostic dataset regeneration framework called DR4SR. This framework enables the regeneration of a dataset with exceptional cross-architecture generalizability. Additionally, we introduce the DR4SR+ framework, which incorporates a model-aware dataset personalizer to tailor the regenerated dataset specifically for a target model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the data-centric paradigm, we integrate our framework with various model-centric methods and observe significant performance improvements across four widely adopted datasets. Furthermore, we conduct in-depth analyses to explore the potential of the data-centric paradigm and provide valuable insights. The code can be found at https://github.com/USTC-StarTeam/DR4SR.
Identification and Analysis of Amino Acid Mutations in Porin IB That Mediate Intermediate-Level Resistance to Penicillin and Tetracycline in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Creators: name: Olesky, M.
name: Hobbs, M.
name: Nicholas, R. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: PenB is the third resistance determinant in the stepwise acquisition of multiple resistance genes in chromosomally mediated resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CMRNG). Alterations in porIB, one of two alleles at the por locus that encodes the outer membrane protein porin IB (PIB), were recently reported to be responsible for the increased resistance to penicillin and tetracycline conferred by penB, but the specific mutations conferring antibiotic resistance were not identified experimentally. To determine which amino acids in PIB confer increased resistance, we transformed a recipient strain with chimeras of the porIB genes from strains FA1090 and FA140 (penB2). These studies revealed that two amino acid changes, G120D and A121D, were both necessary and sufficient to confer increased resistance to penicillin and tetracycline. Site-saturation and site-directed mutagenesis of Gly-120 and Ala-121 revealed that both a single mutation, G120K, and the double mutations G120R A121H and G120P A121P also conferred antibiotic resistance to the recipient strain. The identical mutations in PIA increased penicillin and tetracycline resistance either moderately or not at all. Analysis of porIB genes present in the GenBank database from 51 clinical isolates demonstrated that lysine and aspartate mutations at positions 120 and/or 121 also occur in nature. These studies demonstrate that charged amino acids at positions 120 and 121 in PIB are highly preferential for conferring resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in N. gonorrhoeae.
Palindromic Automorphisms of Free Groups
Creators: name: Bardakov, Valeriy G.
name: Gongopadhyay, Krishnendu
name: Singh, Mahender
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F28, 20E36, 20E05

description: Let $F_n$ be the free group of rank $n$ with free basis $X=\{x_1,\dots,x_n \}$. A palindrome is a word in $X^{\pm 1}$ that reads the same backwards as forwards. The palindromic automorphism group $ΠA_n$ of $F_n$ consists of those automorphisms that map each $x_i$ to a palindrome. In this paper, we investigate linear representations of $ΠA_n$, and prove that $ΠA_2$ is linear. We obtain conjugacy classes of involutions in $ΠA_2$, and investigate residual nilpotency of $ΠA_n$ and some of its subgroups. Let $IA_n$ be the group of those automorphisms of $F_n$ that act trivially on the abelianisation, $P I_n$ be the palindromic Torelli group of $F_n$, and $E ΠA_n$ be the elementary palindromic automorphism group of $F_n$. We prove that $PI_n=IA_n \cap E ΠA_n'$. This result strengthens a recent result of Fullarton.
description: 19 pages
Extra figures and tables from How often are male mosquitoes attracted to humans?
Creators: name: Paris, Véronique
name: Hardy, Christopher
name: Hoffmann, Ary A.
name: Ross, Perran A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified
Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified
Animal Behaviour

description: Figures and tables that give details about results presented in the main MS
Mutations in ponA, the Gene Encoding Penicillin-Binding Protein 1, and a Novel Locus, penC, Are Required for High-Level Chromosomally Mediated Penicillin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Creators: name: Olesky, M.
name: Ropp, P. A.
name: Nicholas, R. A.
name: Hu, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae occurs in part through alterations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and a decrease in outer membrane permeability. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of transformation of a penicillin-susceptible strain of N. gonorrhoeae to high-level penicillin resistance have not been clearly elucidated. Previous studies suggested that alterations in PBP 1 were involved in high-level penicillin resistance. In this study, we identified a single amino acid mutation in PBP 1 located 40 amino acids N terminal to the active-site serine residue that was present in all chromosomally mediated resistant N. gonorrhoeae (CMRNG) strains for which MICs of penicillin were ≥1 μg/ml. PBP 1 harboring this point mutation (PBP 1*) had a three- to fourfold lower rate of acylation (k2/K′) than wild-type PBP 1 with a variety of β-lactam antibiotics. Consistent with its involvement in high-level penicillin resistance, replacement of the altered ponA gene (ponA1) in several CMRNG strains with the wild-type ponA gene resulted in a twofold decrease in the MICs of penicillin. Surprisingly, transformation of an intermediate-level penicillin-resistant strain (PR100; FA19 penA4 mtr penB5) with the ponA1 gene did not increase the MIC of penicillin for this strain. However, we identified an additional resistance locus, termed penC, which was required along with ponA1 to increase penicillin resistance of PR100 to a high level (MIC = 4 μg/ml). The penC locus by itself, when present in PR100, increases the MICs of penicillin and tetracycline twofold each. These data indicate that an additional locus, penC, is required along with ponA1 to achieve high-level penicillin resistance.
Multi spacecraft study with the Icarus model: Modelling the propagation of CMEs to Mercury and Earth
Creators: name: Baratashvili, Tinatin
name: Grison, Benjamin
name: Schmieder, Brigitte
name: Demoulin, Pascal
name: Poedts, Stefaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the main drivers of the disturbances in interplanetary space. Understanding the CME interior magnetic structure is crucial for advancing space weather studies. Assessing the capabilities of a numerical heliospheric model is crucial, as understanding the nature and extent of its limitations can be used for improving the model and the space weather predictions based on it.
 The present paper aims to test the capabilities of the recently developed heliospheric model Icarus and the linear force-free spheromak model that has been implemented in it.
 To validate the Icarus space weather modeling tool, two CME events were selected that were observed by two spacecraft located near Mercury and Earth, respectively. This enables testing the heliospheric model computed with Icarus at two distant locations. The source regions for the CMEs were identified, and the CME parameters were determined and later optimized. Different adaptive mesh refinement levels were applied in the simulations to assess its performance by comparing the simulation results to in-situ measurements.
 The first CME event erupted on SOL2013-07-09T15:24. The modeled time series were in good agreement with the observations both at MESSENGER and ACE. The second CME event started on SOL2014-02-16T10:24 and was more complicated, as three CME interactions occurred in this event. It was impossible to recover the observed profiles without modeling the other two CMEs that were observed, one before the main CME and one afterward. For both CME studies, AMR level 3 was sufficient to reconstruct small-scale features near Mercury, while at Earth, AMR level 4 was necessary due to the radially stretched grid that was used.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures
Recapitulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of Cytochrome b Mutations Conferring Resistance to Atovaquone in Pneumocystis jiroveci
Creators: name: Trumpower, B. L.
name: Fisher, N.
name: Meunier, B.
name: Kessl, J.
name: Meshnick, S.
name: Hill, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Pneumocystis jiroveci (human-derived P. carinii) is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus which causes pneumonia and is life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. Spontaneously acquired resistance to atovaquone, a hydroxynaphthoquinone that is used to treat P. jiroveci infections, was linked to mutations in the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene. Because P. jiroveci cannot be easily cultivated, we have developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative system to study atovaquone resistance mutations. In this work, we introduced seven mutations linked with atovaquone resistance in P. jiroveci into the S. cerevisiae cytochrome b gene. The effects of the mutations on the respiratory function and on the sensitivity to the inhibitor were then characterized. Six of the reported mutations lowered the sensitivity of the S. cerevisiae bc1 complex to atovaquone, while one mutation had no effect on the drug resistance. These results were confirmed by monitoring the in vivo resistance of S. cerevisiae mutants which carried both the cytochrome b mutations and a deletion of the ABC transporter genes, allowing the drug to bypass the weakened efflux pump system. S. cerevisiae thus provides an easy-to-use system to characterize in vivo and in vitro cytochrome b mutations reported in pathogens and to assess their role in drug resistance.
Effective Temperatures of Low-mass Stars from High-resolution H-band Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Muirhead, P.S.
name: Sokal, K.R.
name: Johns-Krull, C.M.
name: Hussaini, M.
name: Jaffe, D.T.
name: Kidder, B.T.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: López-Valdivia, R.
name: Oh, H.
name: Gosnell, N.M.
name: Kesseli, A.Y.
name: Mace, G.N.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2019

description: High-resolution, near-infrared spectra will be the primary tool for finding and characterizing Earth-like planets around low-mass stars. Yet, the properties of exoplanets cannot be precisely determined without accurate and precise measurements of the host star. Spectra obtained with the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer simultaneously provide diagnostics for most stellar parameters, but the first step in any analysis is the determination of the effective temperature. Here we report the calibration of high-resolution H-band spectra to accurately determine the effective temperature for stars between 4000 and 3000 K (∼K8-M5) using absorption line-depths of Fe i, OH, and Al i. The field star sample used here contains 254 K and M stars with temperatures derived using BT-Settl synthetic spectra. We use 106 stars with precise temperatures in the literature to calibrate our method, with typical errors of about 140 K, and systematic uncertainties less than ∼120 K. For the broadest applicability, we present T eff-line-depth-ratio relationships, which we test on 12 members of the TW Hydrae Association and at spectral resolving powers between ∼10,000 and 120,000. These ratios offer a simple but accurate measure of effective temperatures in cool stars that are distance and reddening independent.
Superconducting properties of lithium-decorated bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Szczȩśniak, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present study provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the superconducting phase in selected lithium-decorated bilayer graphene nanostructures. The numerical calculations, conducted within the Eliashberg formalism, give quantitative estimations of the most important thermodynamic properties such as the critical temperature, specific heat, critical field and others. It is shown that discussed lithium-graphene systems present enhancement of their thermodynamic properties comparing to the monolayer case e.g. the critical temperature can be raised to $\sim 15$ K. Furthermore, estimated characteristic thermodynamic ratios exceed predictions of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory suggesting that considered lithium-graphene systems can be properly analyzed only within the strong-coupling regime.
Additional file 1: of Prevalence of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in bateyes of the Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Keys, Hunter
name: Noland, Gregory
name: Madsen Rochars
name: Blount, Stephen
name: Gonzales, Manuel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Multilingual abstract in the five official working languanges of the United Nations. (PDF 484 kb)
Complex Rotational Modulation of Rapidly Rotating M Stars Observed with TESS
Creators: name: Caldwell, D.A.
name: Seager, S.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Levine, A.M.
name: Ricker, G.
name: Rowden, P.
name: Leidos, M.E.R.
name: Oláh, K.
name: Smith, J.C.
name: Essack, Z.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Doty, J.P.
name: Winn, J.
name: Bouma, L.G.
name: Zhan, Z.
name: Furesz, G.
name: Vezie, M.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Ireland, M.J.
name: Günther, M.N.
name: Zhou, G.
name: Rappaport, S.
name: Jenkins, J.
name: Latham, D.
name: Dai, F.
name: Huang, C.X.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2019

description: We have searched for short periodicities in the light curves of stars with T eff cooler than 4000 K made from 2-minute cadence data obtained in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sectors 1 and 2. Herein we report the discovery of 10 rapidly rotating M dwarfs with highly structured rotational modulation patterns among 371 M dwarfs found to have rotation periods less than 1 day. Starspot models cannot explain the highly structured periodic variations that typically exhibit between 10 and 40 Fourier harmonics. A similar set of objects was previously reported following K2 observations of the Upper Scorpius association. We examine the possibility that the unusual structured light curves could stem from absorption by charged dust particles that are trapped in or near the stellar magnetosphere. We also briefly explore the possibilities that the sharp structured features in the light curves are produced by extinction by coronal gas, by beaming of the radiation emitted from the stellar surface, or by occultations of spots by a dusty ring that surrounds the star. The last is perhaps the most promising of these scenarios. Most of the structured rotators display flaring activity, and we investigate changes in the modulation pattern following the largest flares. As part of this study, we also report the discovery of 17 rapidly rotating M dwarfs with rotational periods below 4 hr, of which the shortest period is 1.63 hr.
A topological fibrewise fundamental groupoid
Creators: name: Roberts, David Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 55R70, Secondary 18B40, 22A22

description: It is well-known that for certain local connectivity assumptions the fundamental groupoid of a topological space can be equipped with a topology making it a topological groupoid. In other words, the fundamental groupoid functor can be lifted through the forgetful functor from topological groupoids to groupoids. This article shows that for a map $Y \to X$ with certain relative local connectivity assumptions, the fibrewise fundamental groupoid can also be lifted to a topological groupoid over the space $X$. This allows the construction of a simply-connected covering space in the setting of fibrewise topology, assuming a local analogue of the definition of an ex-space. When applied to maps which are up-to-homotopy locally trivial fibrations the result is a categorified version of a covering space. The fibrewise fundamental groupoid can also be used to define a topological fundamental bigroupoid of a (suitably locally connected) topological space.
description: Typos fixed and references/corrections added on referee's and editor's comments. Released under a CC0 license (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
Resistance to Antimalarials in Southeast Asia and Genetic Polymorphisms in pfmdr1
Creators: name: Kamwendo, D.
name: Purfield, A.
name: Miller, R. S.
name: Emery, K.
name: Kawamoto, F.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Pickard, A. L.
name: Zalewski, C.
name: Wongsrichanalai, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Resistance to antimalarial drugs is a public health problem worldwide. Molecular markers for drug-resistant malaria, such as pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms, could serve as useful surveillance tools. To evaluate this possibility, sequence polymorphisms in pfcrt (position 76) and pfmdr1 (positions 86, 184, 1034, 1042, and 1246) and in vitro drug sensitivities were measured for 65 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. The pfcrt Thr76 polymorphism was present in 97% of samples, consistent with observations that chloroquine resistance is well established in this region. Polymorphisms in pfmdr1 clustered into four specific patterns: the wild type (category I), a Tyr86 polymorphism only (category II), a Phe184 polymorphism only (category III), and Phe184 in combination with Cys1034 and/or Asp1042 (category IV). Isolates in categories I and III were more sensitive to chloroquine and more resistant to mefloquine, artesunate, and artemisinin than isolates in categories II and IV (P ≤ 0.01). Mefloquine resistance was significantly more common in category I and III isolates than in category II and IV isolates, with a prevalence ratio of 14.95 (95% confidence interval, 3.88 to 57.56). These categories identified mefloquine resistance with a sensitivity and a specificity of 94 and 91%, respectively. The pfmdr1 gene copy number was measured by real-time PCR as a ratio of the amount of pfmdr1 DNA to the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) DNA. Eight samples had pfmdr1 DNA/ldh DNA ratios ≥3. The isolates in all 8 samples fell into categories I and III and were significantly more resistant to mefloquine, quinine, artemisinin, and artesunate and more sensitive to chloroquine than the isolates in the 57 samples with <3 copies of the gene (P ≤ 0.001). Thus, measurement of pfmdr1 mutations and gene copy number may be useful for surveillance of mefloquine-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia.
Selection of High-Level Resistance to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitors
Creators: name: Watkins, T.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Irlbeck, D.
name: Resch, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Protease inhibitors represent some of the most potent agents available for therapeutic strategies designed to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Under certain circumstances the virus develops resistance to the inhibitor, thereby negating the benefits of this therapy. We have carried out selections for high-level resistance to each of three protease inhibitors (indinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir) in cell culture. Mutations accumulated over most of the course of the increasing selective pressure. There was significant overlap in the identity of the mutations selected with the different inhibitors, and this gave rise to high levels of cross-resistance. Virus particles from the resistant variants all showed defects in processing at the NC/p1 protease cleavage site in Gag. Selections with pairs of inhibitors yielded similar patterns of resistance mutations. A virus that could replicate at near-toxic levels of the three protease inhibitors combined was selected. The pro sequence of this virus was similar to that of the viruses that had been selected for high-level resistance to each of the drugs singly. Finally, a molecular clone carrying the eight most common resistance mutations seen in these selections was characterized. The sequence of this virus was relatively stable during selection for revertants in spite of displaying poor processing at the NC/p1 site and having significantly reduced fitness. These results reveal patterns of drug resistance that extend to near the limits of attainable selective pressure with these inhibitors and confirm the patterns of cross-resistance for these three inhibitors and the attenuation of virion protein processing and fitness that accompanies high-level resistance.