cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Brain Regional Differences in the Effect of Ethanol on GABA Release from Presynaptic Terminals
Creators: name: Criswell, H. E.
name: Kelm, M. K.
name: Breese, G. R.
name: Ming, Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Whereas ethanol has behavioral actions consistent with increased GABAergic function, attempts to demonstrate a direct enhancement of GABA-gated currents by ethanol have produced mixed results. Recent work has suggested that a part of the GABAergic profile of ethanol may result from enhanced GABA release from presynaptic terminals. The present study examines the effect of ethanol on GABA release in several brain regions to assess the regional nature of ethanol-induced GABA release. Whole-cell voltage clamp recording of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) from mechanically dissociated neurons and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) and paired-pulse ratio (PPR) from a slice preparation were used to quantify GABA release. Ethanol produced a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of sIPSCs recorded from mechanically dissociated cerebellar Purkinje neurons and mIPSCs from substantia nigra neurons without having an effect on sIPSCs recorded from lateral septal or cerebrocortical neurons. This regional difference in the effect of ethanol on GABA release was confirmed with PPR recording from brain slices. These data indicate that ethanol can act on presynaptic terminals to increase GABA release in some brain regions while having little or no effect on GABA release in others. This regional difference is consistent with earlier in vivo studies in which ethanol affected neural activity and sensitivity to GABA in some, but not all, brain sites.
Triple- and Quadruple-Gluon Azimuthal Correlations from Glasma and Higher-Dimensional Ridges
Creators: name: Ozonder, Sener
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the triple- and quadruple-gluon inclusive distributions with arbitrary rapidity and azimuthal angle dependences in the gluon saturation regime by using glasma diagrams. Also, we predict higher-dimensional ridges in triple- and quadruple-hadron correlations for p-p and p-Pb collisions at LHC, which have yet to be measured. In p-p and p-Pb collisions at the top LHC energies, gluon saturation is expected to occur since smaller Bjorken-$x$ values are being probed. Glasma diagrams, which are enhanced at small-$x$, include the gluon saturation effects, and they are used for calculating the long-range rapidity correlations ("ridges") and $v_n$ moments of the azimuthal distribution of detected hadrons. The glasma description reproduces the systematics of the data on both p-p and p-Pb ridges. As an alternative, relativistic hydrodynamics has also been applied to these small systems quite successfully. With the triple- and quadruple-gluon azimuthal correlations, this work aims to set the stage by going beyond the double-gluon azimuthal correlations in order to settle unambiguously the origin of "collectivity" in p-p and p-Pb collisions. We derive the triple- and quadruple-gluon azimuthal correlation functions in terms of unintegrated gluon distributions at arbitrary rapidities and azimuthal angles of the produced gluons. Then, unintegrated gluon distributions from the running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation are used to calculate the triple- and quadruple-gluon correlations for various parameters of gluon momenta, initial scale for small-$x$ evolution and beam energy.
description: Only the published version includes the latest changes (more explanations and references)
Constraints on the Nambu-Goto cosmic string contribution to the CMB power spectrum in light of new temperature and polarisation data
Creators: name: Lazanu, Andrei
name: Shellard, E. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic strings generate vector and tensor modes in the B-channel of polarization, as well as the usual temperature power spectrum and E-mode polarization spectrum. We use the power spectrum obtained from high-resolution Nambu-Goto cosmic string simulations together with the Planck and BICEP2 likelihoods to explore the degeneracies appearing between cosmic strings and other cosmological parameters in different inflationary scenarios, as well as the constraints that can be imposed on cosmic strings in each of these situations. In standard $Λ$CDM, the Planck likelihood yields an upper limit $Gμ<1.49 \times 10^{-7}$ (95% confidence). We also analyse the possibility of explaining the BB power spectrum signal recently detected by the BICEP2 probe. We find that cosmic strings alone are able to explain only part of the B-mode polarization signal. Apart from the standard $Λ$CDM model, we look at the following non-minimal parameters: the running of the spectral index, non-zero tensor-to-scalar ratio, additional degrees of freedom ($N_{eff}$) and sterile neutrinos. We find that in both Planck and BICEP2 scenarios adding $N_{eff}$ induces degeneracies between cosmic strings and $N_{eff}$ and other $Λ$CDM parameters. With $N_{eff}$ a larger contribution from cosmic strings is allowed, even favoured, but after combining with large-scale structure data, such as BAOs, strings remain strongly constrained.
description: minor changes, published version
In Vitro Biliary Clearance of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors in Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes: Comparison with in Vivo Biliary Clearance
Creators: name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
name: Abe, K.
name: Bridges, A. S.
name: Yue, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Previous reports have indicated that in vitro biliary clearance (Clbiliary) determined in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes correlates well with in vivo Clbiliary for limited sets of compounds. This study was designed to estimate the in vitro Clbiliary in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) of angiotensin II receptor blockers and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that undergo limited metabolism, to compare the estimated Clbiliary values with published in vivo Clbiliary data in rats, and to characterize the mechanism(s) of basolateral uptake and canalicular excretion of these drugs in rats. Average biliary excretion index (BEI) and in vitro Clbiliary of olmesartan, valsartan, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin were 15%, 19%, 43%, 45%, and 20%, respectively, and 1.7, 3.2, 4.4, 46.1, and 34.6 ml/min/kg, respectively. Clbiliary predicted from SCRH, accounting for plasma unbound fraction, correlated with reported in vivo Clbiliary for these drugs. The rank order of Clbiliary values predicted from SCRH was consistent with in vivo Clbiliary values. Bromosulfophthalein inhibited the uptake of all drugs. BEI and Clbiliary values of olmesartan, valsartan, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin, known multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp)2 substrates, were reduced in SCRH from Mrp2-deficient (TR−) compared to wild-type (WT) rats. Although Mrp2 plays a minor role in pitavastatin biliary excretion, pitavastatin BEI and Clbiliary were reduced in TR− compared to WT SCRH; Bcrp expression in SCRH from TR− rats was decreased. In conclusion, in vitro Clbiliary determined in SCRH can be used to estimate and compare in vivo Clbiliary of compounds in rats, and to characterize transport proteins responsible for their hepatic uptake and excretion.
`Stop' that ambulance! New physics at the LHC?
Creators: name: Kim, Jong Soo
name: Rolbiecki, Krzysztof
name: Sakurai, Kazuki
name: Tattersall, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of LHC searches now display intriguing excesses. Most prominently, the measurement of the $W^+W^-$ cross-section has been consistently $\sim 20\%$ higher than the theoretical prediction across both ATLAS and CMS for both 7 and 8 TeV runs. More recently, supersymmetric searches for final states containing two or three leptons have also seen more events than predicted in certain signal regions. We show that a supersymmetric model containing a light stop, winos and binos can consistently match the data. We perform a fit to all measurements and searches that may be sensitive to our model and find a reduction in the log-likelihood of 15.4 compared to the Standard Model which corresponds to 3.5-$σ$ once the extra degrees of freedom in the fit are considered.
description: 19 pages, 5 Figures. v3: minor corrections, to appear at JHEP
3 Briefe an [Johann Caspar] Lavater
Brief an Lavater ...
Creators: name: Hartmann, Joachim Friedrich
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1792

description: von J[oachim] F[riedrich] Hartmann
description: Hartmann: 1750-1808, aus Riga, Prediger an der St. Nicolai-Kirche in Reval/Tallinn
1 Brief, 1 Beilage an [Johann Caspar] Lavater
Brief an Lavater ...
Creators: name: Hatzfeld, Friedrich Heinrich
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1787

description: von F[riedrich] H[einrich] Hatzfeld
description: Hatzfeld: Staatswirtschaftskandidat
description: Beilage: 1 Gedicht "An Lavater" (Nr. 248)
NIM811 (N-Methyl-4-isoleucine Cyclosporine), a Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Inhibitor, Attenuates Cholestatic Liver Injury but Not Fibrosis in Mice
Creators: name: Lemasters, J. J.
name: Ramshesh, V. K.
name: Currin, R. T.
name: Giri, S.
name: Kim, I.
name: Theruvath, T. P.
name: Zhong, Z.
name: Rehman, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cholestasis causes hepatocyte death, possibly due to mitochondrial injury. This study investigated whether NIM811, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), attenuates cholestatic liver injury in vivo. Cholestasis was induced in mice by bile duct ligation (BDL). NIM811 was gavaged (20 mg/kg) before BDL and daily (10 mg/kg) afterwards. Mitochondrial depolarization, cell death and MPT onset were assessed by intravital confocal/multiphoton microscopy of rhodamine 123 (Rh123), propidium iodide (PI) and calcein. After BDL, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic necrosis and apoptosis all increased. NIM811 decreased ALT, necrosis and apoptosis by 60 to 86%. In vehicle-treated mice at 6 h after BDL, viable hepatocytes with depolarized mitochondria were 18/high power field (hpf), and non-viable cells were ∼1/hpf, showing that depolarization preceded necrosis. Calcein entered mitochondria after BDL, indicating MPT onset in vivo. NIM811 decreased depolarization by 72%, prevented calcein entry into mitochondria and blocked release of cytochrome c. Hepatic TNFα, TGF-β1 and procollagen α1(I) mRNA, α-smooth muscle actin, and Sirius red staining for collagen increased after BDL but were not different in vehicle- and NIM811-treated mice. Taken together, NIM811 decreased cholestatic necrosis and apoptosis but did not block fibrosis, indicating that the MPT plays an important role in cholestatic cell death in vivo.
Legendre Duality of Spherical and Gaussian Spin Glasses
Creators: name: Genovese, Giuseppe
name: Tantari, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B44

description: The classical result of concentration of the Gaussian measure on the sphere in the limit of large dimension induces a natural duality between Gaussian and spherical models of spin glass. We analyse the Legendre variational structure linking the free energies of these two systems, in the spirit of the equivalence of ensembles of statistical mechanics. Our analysis, combined with the previous work [4], shows that such models are replica symmetric. Lastly, we briefly discuss an application of our result to the study of the Gaussian Hopfield model.
UDP Is a Competitive Antagonist at the Human P2Y14 Receptor
Creators: name: Maddileti, S.
name: Jacobson, K. A.
name: Carter, R. L.
name: Lazarowski, E. R.
name: Nicholas, R. A.
name: Fricks, I. P.
name: Harden, T. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: G protein-coupled P2Y receptors (P2Y-R) are activated by adenine and uracil nucleotides. The P2Y14 receptor (P2Y14-R) is activated by at least four naturally occurring UDP sugars, with UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) being the most potent agonist. With the goal of identifying a competitive antagonist for the P2Y14-R, UDP was examined for antagonist activity in COS-7 cells transiently expressing the human P2Y14-R and a chimeric Gα protein that couples Gi-coupled receptors to stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. UDP antagonized the agonist action of UDP-Glc, and Schild analysis confirmed that the antagonism was competitive (pKB = 7.28). Uridine 5′-O-thiodiphosphate also antagonized the human P2Y14-R (hP2Y14-R) with an apparent affinity similar to that of UDP. In contrast, no antagonist activity was observed with ADP, CDP, or GDP, and other uracil analogs also failed to exhibit antagonist activity. The antagonist activity of UDP was not observed at other hP2Y-R. In contrast to its antagonist action at the hP2Y14-R, UDP was a potent agonist (EC50 = 0.35 μM) at the rat P2Y14-R. These results identify the first competitive antagonist of the P2Y14-R and demonstrate pharmacological differences between receptor orthologs.
Evidence for the Involvement of Dopamine Transporters in Behavioral Stimulant Effects of Modafinil
Creators: name: Rothman, R. B.
name: Setola, V.
name: Baumann, M. H.
name: Prisinzano, T. E.
name: Partilla, J. S.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Jain, R.
name: Zolkowska, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Modafinil is prescribed for numerous medical conditions, but the drug's mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we examined the interaction of modafinil with receptors and transporters in vitro and compared pharmacological effects of the drug with those produced by indirect dopamine (DA) agonists 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (GBR12909) and (+)-methamphetamine (METH). Modafinil was screened at various receptors and transporters using binding assays. Transporter-mediated uptake and release were examined in rat brain synaptosomes. Effects of modafinil on motor activity and neurochemistry were determined in rats undergoing in vivo microdialysis in nucleus accumbens. Of the receptors and transporters assayed, modafinil displayed measurable potency only at DA transporters (DAT), inhibiting [3H]DA uptake, with an IC50 value of 4.0 μM. Accordingly, modafinil pretreatment (10 μM) antagonized METH-induced release of the DAT substrate [3H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. Intravenous modafinil (20 and 60 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent increases in motor activity and extracellular DA, without affecting serotonin (5-HT). Analogous results were observed for GBR12909 (1 and 3 mg/kg), whereas METH (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) increased DA and 5-HT. Locomotor effects of all drugs were positively correlated with dialysate DA (P < 0.001). Interestingly, modafinil pretreatment reduced METH-induced ambulation and DA release. Our data show that modafinil interacts with DAT sites in rat brain, a property shared with agonist medications under investigation for treating cocaine dependence. Nondopaminergic mechanisms may also contribute to the pharmacology of modafinil. Finally, the results suggest that modafinil should be tested as an adjunct for treating METH addiction.
Hadron mass scaling near the s-wave threshold
Creators: name: Hyodo, Tetsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of a two-hadron threshold is studied for the hadron mass scaling with respect to some quantum chromodynamics parameters. A quantum mechanical model is introduced to describe the system with a one-body bare state coupled with a single elastic two-body scattering. The general behavior of the energy of the bound and resonance state near the two-body threshold for a local potential is derived from the expansion of the Jost function around the threshold. It is shown that the same scaling holds for the nonlocal potential induced by the coupling to a bare state. In p or higher partial waves, the scaling law of the stable bound state continues across the threshold describing the real part of the resonance energy. In contrast, the leading contribution of the scaling is forbidden by the nonperturbative dynamics near the s-wave threshold. As a consequence, the bound state energy is not continuously connected to the real part of the resonance energy. This universal behavior originates in the vanishing of the field renormalization constant of the zero-energy resonance in the s wave. A proof is given for the vanishing of the field renormalization constant, together with a detailed discussion.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. v4: Published version
Dissociative ionization of H2+ using intense femtosecond XUV laser pulses
Creators: name: Yue, Lun
name: Madsen, Lars Bojer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dissociative ionization of H2+ interacting with intense, femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet laser pulses is investigated theoretically. This is done by numerical propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a colinear one-dimensional model of H2+, with electronic and nuclear motion treated exactly within the limitations of the model. The joint-energy spectra (JES) are extracted for the fragmented electron and nuclei by means of the t-SURFF method. The dynamic interference effect, which was first observed in one-electron atomic systems, is in the present work observed for H2+, emerging as interference patterns in the JES. The photoelectron spectrum and the nuclear energy spectrum is obtained by integration of the JES. Without the JES, the photoelectron spectrum itself is shown to be inadequate for the observation of the dynamic interference effect. The resulting JES are analyzed in terms of two models. In one model the wave function is expanded in terms of the "essential" states of the system, consisting of the ground state and the continuum states. In the second model the photoelectron spectra from fixed nuclei calculations are used to reproduce the JES using simple reflection arguments. The range of validity of these models is discussed and it is shown that the continuum-continuum couplings and the consideration of the population of excited vibrational states are crucial for understanding the structures of the JES.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Formalism, History & Reflections: Math & Logic (translation)
Creators: name: Aparicio de Soto, Jesús
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220308 Logic
subject: History

description: Developments in the realm of formal sciences and math foundations during the twentieth century were marked by important methodological advances. Such new approaches partialy owe their appearance to the abandonment of the previous paradigm. To identify how this transition occured, in this essay we observe some aspects regarding the works of Gödel and Tarski, who, under a certain interpretations, restructure epistemological bases of math's formalisms. It'll be argued that the theoretical variabilities produced in abstract sciences upon weakening previous viewpoints forced to abandon some of the components of hegemonic programs.
Evidence for the Nucleus Accumbens as a Neural Substrate of Heroin-Induced Immune Alterations
Creators: name: Lysle, D. T.
name: Ijames, S. G.
name: Saurer, T. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Administration of opioid drugs such as heroin produces several immunosuppressive effects, including decreases in natural killer (NK) cell activity, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and nitric oxide production. Interestingly, opioids have been shown to alter many immune parameters indirectly by modulating the immunoregulatory actions of the central nervous system. Recently, it has been demonstrated that morphine inhibits NK cell activity through a neural pathway that requires the activation of dopamine D1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell. The present study examined whether the nucleus accumbens also mediates the effects of heroin, a more commonly abused opioid, on several parameters of immune status in Lewis rats. The results showed that bilateral administration of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH-23390; 0.015 and 0.15 μg/side) into the nucleus accumbens shell blocked decreases in splenic NK activity produced by heroin (3 mg/kg s.c.) but did not attenuate the suppression of splenocyte proliferative responses to concanavalin-A or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A subsequent experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of D1 receptor antagonism on LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in vivo. These results showed that intra-accumbens SCH-23390 administration prevented heroin-induced reductions of iNOS mRNA expression in spleen, liver, and lung tissues and attenuated the suppression of nitric oxide levels in plasma. Collectively, these findings indicate that nucleus accumbens dopamine D1 receptors are critically involved in heroin-induced immune alterations.
2 Briefe an [Johann Caspar] Lavater
Brief an Lavater ...
Creators: name: Hartmann, Immanuel Israel
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1798

description: von I[mmanuel] I[srael] Hartmann
description: Davon 1 Brief mit Beischrift von Geheimrat Johann Karl Christoph von Seckendorff (Nr. 142)
Gi-Dependent Cell Signaling Responses of the Human P2Y14 Receptor in Model Cell Systems
Creators: name: Carter, R. L.
name: Lazarowski, E. R.
name: Harden, T. K.
name: Fricks, I. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Eight G protein-coupled receptors comprise the P2Y receptor family of cell signaling proteins. The goal of the current study was to define native cell signaling pathways regulated by the uridine nucleotide sugar-activated P2Y14 receptor (P2Y14-R). The P2Y14-R was stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 and C6 rat glioma cells by retroviral infection. Nucleotide sugar-dependent P2Y14-R activation was examined by measuring inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. The effect of P2Y14-R activation on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling also was studied in P2Y14-HEK293 cells and in differentiated HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells. UDP-Glc, UDP-galactose, UDP-glucuronic acid, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine promoted inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in P2Y14-HEK293 and P2Y14-C6 cells, and this signaling effect was abolished by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. Inhibition of cAMP formation by nucleotide sugars also was observed in direct assays of adenylyl cyclase activity in membranes prepared from P2Y14-C6 cells. UDP-Glc promoted concentration-dependent and pertussis toxin-sensitive extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation in P2Y14-HEK293 cells. P2Y14-R mRNA was not observed in wild-type HL-60 cells but was readily detected in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated cells. Consistent with this observation, no effect of UDP-Glc was observed in wild-type HL-60 cells, but UDP-Glc-promoted pertussis toxin-sensitive activation of ERK1/2 occurred after differentiation. These results illustrate that the human P2Y14-R signals through Gi to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, and P2Y14-R activation also leads to ERK1/2 activation. This work also identifies two stable P2Y14-R-expressing cell lines and differentiated HL-60 cells as model systems for the study of P2Y14-R-dependent signal transduction.
Elementarity of composite systems
Creators: name: Nagahiro, Hideko
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "compositeness" or "elementarity" is investigated for s-wave composite states dynamically generated by energy-dependent and independent interactions. The bare mass of the corresponding fictitious elementary particle in an equivalent Yukawa model is shown to be infinite, indicating that the wave function renormalization constant Z is equal to zero. The idea can be equally applied to both resonant and bound states. In a special case of zero-energy bound states, the condition Z = 0 does not necessarily mean that the elementary particle has the infinite bare mass. We also emphasize arbitrariness in the "elementarity" leading to multiple interpretations of a physical state, which can be either a pure composite state with Z = 0 or an elementary particle with Z \ne 0. The arbitrariness is unavoidable because the renormalization constant Z is not a physical observable.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, title changed, published
Slow poisoning and destruction of networks: Edge proximity and its implications for biological and infrastructure networks
Creators: name: Banerjee, Soumya Jyoti
name: Sinha, Saptarshi
name: Roy, Soumen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose a network metric, edge proximity, ${\cal P}_e$, which demonstrates the importance of specific edges in a network, hitherto not captured by existing network metrics. The effects of removing edges with high ${\cal P}_e$ might initially seem inconspicuous but are eventually shown to be very harmful for networks. Compared to existing strategies, the removal of edges by ${\cal P}_e$ leads to a remarkable increase in the diameter and average shortest path length in undirected real and random networks till the first disconnection and well beyond. ${\cal P}_e$ can be consistently used to rupture the network into two nearly equal parts, thus presenting a very potent strategy to greatly harm a network. Targeting by ${\cal P}_e$ causes notable efficiency loss in U.S. and European power grid networks. ${\cal P}_e$ identifies proteins with essential cellular functions in protein-protein interaction networks. It pinpoints regulatory neural connections and important portions of the neural and brain networks, respectively. Energy flow interactions identified by ${\cal P}_e$ form the backbone of long food web chains. Finally, we scrutinize the potential of ${\cal P}_e$ in edge controllability dynamics of directed networks.
description: 5 Pages, 5 figures, Revtex-4.1
A Critical Review of Classical Bouncing Cosmologies
Creators: name: Battefeld, Diana
name: Peter, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the proliferation of bouncing models in recent years, we gather and critically assess these proposals in a comprehensive review. The Planck data shows an unmistakably red, quasi scale-invariant, purely adiabatic primordial power spectrum and no primary non-Gaussianities. While these observations are consistent with inflationary predictions, bouncing cosmologies aspire to provide an alternative framework to explain them. Such models face many problems, both of the purely theoretical kind, such as the necessity of violating the NEC and instabilities, and at the cosmological application level, as exemplified by the possible presence of shear. We provide a pedagogical introduction to these problems and also assess the fitness of different proposals with respect to the data. For example, many models predict a slightly blue spectrum and must be fine-tuned to generate a red spectral index; as a side effect, large non-Gaussianities often result. We highlight several promising attempts to violate the NEC without introducing dangerous instabilities at the classical and/or quantum level. If primordial gravitational waves are observed, certain bouncing cosmologies, such as the cyclic scenario, are in trouble, while others remain valid. We conclude that, while most bouncing cosmologies are far from providing an alternative to the inflationary paradigm, a handful of interesting proposals have surfaced, which warrant further research. The constraints and lessons learned as laid out in this review might guide future research.
description: 60 pages, 20 figures, review article
Pharmacogenomic Discovery Using Cell-Based Models
Creators: name: Welsh, M.
name: Dolan, M. E.
name: Mangravite, L.
name: Medina, M. W.
name: Zhang, W.
name: McLeod, H.
name: Huang, R. S.
name: Tantisira, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Quantitative variation in response to drugs in human populations is multifactorial; genetic factors probably contribute to a significant extent. Identification of the genetic contribution to drug response typically comes from clinical observations and use of classic genetic tools. These clinical studies are limited by our inability to control environmental factors in vivo and the difficulty of manipulating the in vivo system to evaluate biological changes. Recent progress in dissecting genetic contribution to natural variation in drug response through the use of cell lines has been made and is the focus of this review. A general overview of current cell-based models used in pharmacogenomic discovery and validation is included. Discussion includes the current approach to translate findings generated from these cell-based models into the clinical arena and the use of cell lines for functional studies. Specific emphasis is given to recent advances emerging from cell line panels, including the International HapMap Project and the NCI60 cell panel. These panels provide a key resource of publicly available genotypic, expression, and phenotypic data while allowing researchers to generate their own data related to drug treatment to identify genetic variation of interest. Interindividual and interpopulation differences can be evaluated because human lymphoblastoid cell lines are available from major world populations of European, African, Chinese, and Japanese ancestry. The primary focus is recent progress in the pharmacogenomic discovery area through ex vivo models.
title: The studioification of the home. The freelance artist’s studio in Paris, New York, and San Francisco (1600 to present)
Creators: name: Palacios Carral, Elena del Carmen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2025

description: The figure of the artist is often understood as a kind of curious prototype, a signifier of a specific imaginary of the cultural producer and their intended (often bohemian) lifestyle. Given that artists’ lives are typically defined in opposition to more conventional forms of employment, my thesis takes the treatment of the artist as a progenitor to the contemporary championing of the freelance worker. The freelance artist is supposedly no longer bound by the nuclear family or permanent fixed employment and is defined instead by flexibility and fluidity. I seek to outline the ways in which the image of ‘the artist’ both anticipates and is used to legitimise (even romanticise) a now ubiquitous form of precarious employment vis-à-vis a precarious space for living and working.

 This thesis explores the studioification of the home, or rather the process in which both the home and life within the home (including creative work) are commodified. In doing so, it details how the alleged informality of artists’ living arrangements—often glamorised in visual representations of artists—is a mischaracterisation that naturalises the precarity of the artist. At the same time, it conceals the role of both the state and the real estate market in the making of such conditions. Historically, the state and the market have acted as agents to romanticise ‘the artist’ as a cultural and aspirational figure and their associated studios as ‘flexible’ and desirable spaces.

 Beginning with the case of the birth of ‘the free artist’ during the two hundred year period when artists were in residence at the Louvre in Paris, I seek to highlight how the state laid the foundations for this new economic subject to emerge. The newly conceived condition of the free artist would come to constrict the life and work of the artist (and freelancers at large) to a new kind of precarious space: the artist’s studio. To uncover this inherent relationship between centralised power, the artist, and their ‘informal’ living arrangements, the thesis traces the development of the studio in Paris, New York, and San Francisco alongside its total permeation into contemporary living—not by chance, but by design. It exposes the instrumentalisation of the artist (as a figure) and of their studio (as a space) in commodifying a type of unrecognised labour that is justified by the studio’s characteristic lack of definition.

 The thesis is organised chronologically in five chapters. It is neither a comprehensive history nor an attempt to trace a seamless genealogy of the artist’s studio or the studio as a typology. On the contrary, each chapter investigates a series of paradigms separated by time and place, identifying critical shifts in the process that I call studioification.
Formalism, History & Reflections: Math & Logic
Creators: name: Aparicio de Soto, Jesús
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220308 Logic
subject: History

description: Developments in the realm of formal sciences and math foundations during the twentieth century were marked by important methodological advances. Such new approaches partialy owe their appearance to the abandonment of the previous paradigm. To identify how this transition occured, in this essay we observe some aspects regarding the works of Gödel and Tarski, who, under a certain interpretations, restructure epistemological bases of math's formalisms. It'll be argued that the theoretical variabilities produced in abstract sciences upon weakening previous viewpoints forced to abandon some of the components of hegemonic programs.
72 Briefe an Johann Caspar Lavater
Brief an Lavater ...
Creators: name: Hartmann, Israel
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1773

description: von Israel Hartmann
description: Hartmann: Dr.
description: Davon 3 Briefe undatiert (Nr. 1, 2 und 5), 1 Brief undatiert, Tag und Monat nach Empfang sowie Jahr später erschlossen (Nr. 3), 1 Brief undatiert, Jahr und Monat aufgrund des Inhalts erschlossen (Nr. 4)
description: Davon 1 Brief mit Beischrift an Johann Michael Armbruster (Nr. 23), 1 Brief mit Randnotiz von Lavater (Name des Überbringers) (Nr. 43), 1 Brief von Johann Georg Hartmann (Nr. 59)
description: Dabei 2 Briefe an Anna Lavater-Schinz (Nr. 28a und 30a) und 1 Brief an Johann Konrad Pfenninger (Nr. 40a)
description: Davon 1 Brief mit Auszug aus einem Brief von Elisa von der Recke, dat. Mitau, 16.4.1786 (Nr. 4), 1 Brief mit Auszug aus einem Brief von Gottlob David Hartmann (Nr. 10), 1 Brief mit Auszug aus einem Brief von Karoline von Palm, dat. Esslingen, 2.4.1784 (Nr. 31), 1 Brief mit Auszug aus einem Brief von Maler Fues in Tübingen (Nr. 59)
Local-set-based Graph Signal Reconstruction
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaohan
name: Liu, Pengfei
name: Gu, Yuantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Signal processing on graph is attracting more and more attentions. For a graph signal in the low-frequency subspace, the missing data associated with unsampled vertices can be reconstructed through the sampled data by exploiting the smoothness of the graph signal. In this paper, the concept of local set is introduced and two local-set-based iterative methods are proposed to reconstruct bandlimited graph signal from sampled data. In each iteration, one of the proposed methods reweights the sampled residuals for different vertices, while the other propagates the sampled residuals in their respective local sets. These algorithms are built on frame theory and the concept of local sets, based on which several frames and contraction operators are proposed. We then prove that the reconstruction methods converge to the original signal under certain conditions and demonstrate the new methods lead to a significantly faster convergence compared with the baseline method. Furthermore, the correspondence between graph signal sampling and time-domain irregular sampling is analyzed comprehensively, which may be helpful to future works on graph signals. Computer simulations are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the reconstruction methods in various sampling geometries, imprecise priori knowledge of cutoff frequency, and noisy scenarios.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables, journal manuscript
2 Briefe an [Johann Caspar] Lavater
Brief an Lavater ...
Creators: name: Hecking-Steiner, Christiane
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1796

description: von Christiane Hecking-Steiner
description: Hecking-Steiner: geb. Steiner, Tochter von Matthias Jakob Adam Steiner, 1740-1796
title: Alternative Krankheitsnarrative in den Comics "Vergiss dich nicht" (2018) von Lika Nüssli und "Aliceheimer's. Alzheimer's Through the Looking Glass" (2016) von Dana Walrath
Creators: name: Lobnig, Naomi
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Darstellungsweisen von Alzheimer in Comics. Ziel ist es, das kultur- und sozialkritische Potential bildlichen_schriftlichen Erzählens von ‚Krankheit‘/‚Gesundheit‘ herauszuarbeiten und alternative Deutungsmuster von Alzheimer aufzuzeigen. Den theoretischen Rahmen bilden eine Einführung in comictheoretische Grundlagen, welche die Merkmale von und die Verbindungslinien zwischen den Genres Graphic Medicine bzw. Pathographics, auto_biografische Comics und queer*feministische Comics kenntlich macht, sowie die Arbeiten von Michel Foucault zum medizinischen (Macht-)Diskurs. Im Sinne eines literatur- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes mit Gender-Schwerpunkt bedient sich die Masterarbeit der narratologischen und intersektionalen Comicanalyse sowie einem diskurskritischen und dekonstruktiven Vorgehen. Als Analysematerial dienen der Comic "Vergiss dich nicht" (2018) der Schweizer Autorin Lika Nüssli und Dana Walraths englischsprachiger Comic "Aliceheimer’s. Alzheimer’s Through the Looking Glass" (2016). In einer vergleichenden Werkanalyse widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit dem Themenkomplex ‚Körper‘ – mit Schwerpunkt auf der Konstruktion des erkrankten Körpers, eng verwoben mit anderen Differenzkategorien, wie Geschlecht und Alter – sowie dem Visualisieren_Erzählen von Prozessen des Erinnerns und Vergessens.
Nucleon-nucleon potentials in phase-space representation
Creators: name: Feldmeier, H.
name: Neff, T.
name: Weber, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phase-space representation of nuclear interactions, which depends on the distance $\vec{r}$ and relative momentum $\vec{p}$ of the nucleons, is presented. A method is developed that permits to extract the interaction $V(\vec{r},\vec{p})$ from antisymmetrized matrix elements given in a spherical basis with angular momentum quantum numbers, either in momentum or coordinate space representation. This representation visualizes in an intuitive way the non-local behavior introduced by cutoffs in momentum space or renormalization procedures that are used to adapt the interaction to low momentum many-body Hilbert spaces, as done in the unitary correlation operator method or with the similarity renormalization group. It allows to develop intuition about the various interactions and illustrates how the softened interactions reduce the short-range repulsion in favor of non-locality or momentum dependence while keeping the scattering phase shifts invariant. It also reveals that these effective interactions can have undesired complicated momentum dependencies at momenta around and above the Fermi momentum. Properties, similarities and differences of the phase-space representations of the Argonne and the N3LO chiral potential, and their UCOM and SRG derivatives are discussed.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Sensitization of Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior is Brain Site Specific and Mediated by CRF-1 Receptors: Relation to Stress-Induced Sensitization
Creators: name: Overstreet, D. H.
name: Vale, W.
name: Rivier, J.
name: Knapp, D. J.
name: Wills, T. A.
name: Navarro, M.
name: Huang, M. M.
name: Breese, G. R.
name: Angel, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In abstinent alcoholics, stress induces negative affect—a response linked to craving and relapse. In rats, repeated stresses at weekly intervals before 5-day ethanol diet sensitize withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior (“anxiety”) that is blocked by a corticotrophin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1)-receptor antagonist. Current experiments were performed to identify brain sites that support CRF involvement in stress sensitization of ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior. First, different doses of CRF microinjected weekly into the central amygdala (CeA) before ethanol exposure produced a dose-related sensitization of anxiety during ethanol withdrawal. Subsequently, CRF microinjection into the basolateral amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), or dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (d-BNST) also sensitized ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety. In contrast, sensitization of ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety was not observed after weekly CRF administration into the ventral-BNST, CA1-hippocampal region, or hypothalamic-paraventricular nucleus. Then, experiments documented the CRF receptor subtype responsible for CRF and stress sensitization of withdrawal-induced anxiety. Systemic administration of a CRF-1 receptor antagonist before CRF microinjection into the CeA, DRN, or d-BNST prevented CRF-induced sensitization of anxiety during ethanol withdrawal. Furthermore, repeated microinjections of urocortin-3, a CRF-2 receptor agonist, into the CRF-positive sites did not sensitize anxiety after withdrawal from ethanol. Finally, microinjection of a CRF-1 receptor antagonist into the CeA, DRN, or d-BNST before stress blocked sensitization of anxiety-like behavior induced by the repeated stress/ethanol withdrawal protocol. These results indicate that CRF released by stress acts on CRF-1 receptors within specific brain regions to produce a cumulative adaptation that sensitizes anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure.
Production of Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter and the 3.5 keV line
Creators: name: Merle, Alexander
name: Schneider, Aurel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observation of an X-ray line at an energy of 3.5 keV mainly from galaxy clusters has initiated a discussion about whether we may have seen a possible dark matter signal. If confirmed, this signal could stem from a decaying sterile neutrino of a mass of 7.1 keV. Such a particle could make up all the dark matter, but it is not clear how it was produced in the early Universe. In this letter we show that it is possible to discriminate between different production mechanisms with present-day astronomical data. The most stringent constraint comes from the Lyman-α forest and seems to disfavor all but one of the main production mechanisms proposed in the literature, which is the production via decay of heavy scalar singlets. Pinning down the production mechanism will help to decide whether the X-ray signal indeed comprises an indirect detection of dark matter.
description: Appendix added; slight change in distribution function, main results not affected
D7.7 - Big Ideas of Science Platform v1
Creators: name: Spagnuolo, Francesca
name: Hemming, Gary
name: Katsanevas, Stavros
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Deliverable ‘D7.7- Big Ideas of Science Platform v1’ describes the rationale, planning and structure for the REINFORCE Course on Critical and Scientific Thinking, designed in collaboration with the ‘Big Ideas Course’ of the Nobel Prize laureate Saul Perlmutter. A second version of the present deliverable will be released at the end of the project and will provide a review of the implementation of the course and its results.
Non-equilibrium quantum systems: Divergence between global and local descriptions
Creators: name: Manrique, Pedro D.
name: Rodriguez, Ferney
name: Quiroga, Luis
name: Johnson, Neil F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even photosynthesis -- the most basic natural phenomenon underlying Life on Earth -- involves the non-trivial processing of excitations at the pico- and femtosecond scales during light-harvesting. The desire to understand such natural phenomena, as well as interpret the output from ultrafast experimental probes, creates an urgent need for accurate quantitative theories of open quantum systems. However it is unclear how best to generalize the well-established assumptions of an isolated system, particularly under non-equilibrium conditions. Here we compare two popular approaches: a description in terms of a direct product of the states of each individual system (i.e. a local approach) versus the use of new states resulting from diagonalizing the whole Hamiltonian (i.e. a global approach). We show that their equivalence fails when the system is open, in particular under the experimentally ubiquitous condition of a temperature gradient. By solving for the steady-state populations and calculating the heat flux as a test observable, we uncover stark differences between the formulations. This divergence highlights the need to establish rigorous ranges of applicability for such methods in modeling nanoscale transfer phenomena -- including during the light-harvesting process in photosynthesis.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
6 Briefe, 1 Beilage an Johann Caspar Lavater
Brief an Lavater ...
Creators: name: Hecht, Franz Xaver
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1788

description: von P. [Franz] Xavier Hecht
description: Hecht: Professor, Pfarrer
description: Beilage: Psalm 8 (Nr. 298)