cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ПРАКТИКА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СУДА ПО ПРАВАМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА ПО ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЮ ЯЗЫКУ ВРАЖДЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ
Creators: name: КОВАЛЬ ЕКАТЕРИНА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА
Publisher: name: Гуманитарные и политико-правовые исследования
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЯЗЫК ВРАЖДЫ
ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ СУД ПО ПРАВАМ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
АМЕРИКАНСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ
ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ
ГЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЯ
HATE SPEECH
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
AMERICAN MODEL OF COUNTERACTION
EUROPEAN MODEL OF COUNTERACTION
GLOCALISATION

description: Использование языка вражды в публичном пространстве в большинстве государств глокального мира признается негативной практикой. Однако способы противодействия данной практике отличаются друг от друга. В статье описываются две основные модели противодействия использованию языка вражды в публичном пространстве: американская и европейская. В американской модели отдается приоритет Первой поправке, защищающей свободу слова как одну из основных культурных и политических ценностей, и аргументу легитимности. Европейская модель противодействия характеризуется более критичным отношением к высказываниям, идентифицируемым как язык вражды. Здесь свобода слова занимает иное положение в иерархии ценностей, и в тех случаях, когда использование языка вражды противоречит основным нормам и ценностям, закрепленным в Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод, это влечет за собой привлечение к установленной законом ответственности. Таким образом, в европейской модели в каждом конкретном случае предметом оценки на нормативность/ненормативность публичного использования языка вражды является реальный конфликт интересов, разворачивающихся в определенном социально-правовом контексте. На примере анализа практики Европейского суда по правам человека по соответствующей категории дел исследуются проблемы применения европейской модели противодействия языку вражды в условиях глокализации и быстрого развития Интернет-коммуникаций.
Les fruits de l’eucharistie: clé d’une sacralité chrétienne: un essai à la lumière de la christologie de Bernard Lonergan
Creators: name: Mazza, Enrico
Publisher: name: Didaskalia
Year: 2014

description: O artigo aborda a eucaristia na sua dimensão sagrada ou enquanto rito sacro. Esta dimensão é particularmente manifesta nos frutos do sacramento do altar. Centrar-nos-emos na análise da “res” última (res tantum). Retomando a tradição patrística e analisando as anáforas eucarísticas, a eucaristia é considerada no seu nexo com o Christus totus. Numa segunda parte, confrontamos os dados recolhidos na tradição patrística e litúrgica com a cristologia e soteriologia de Bernard Lonergan, para mostrar que o binómio sagrado-profano não é adequado ao mistério da eucaristia, como chave de interpretação da sua finalidade, sua relação com a vida, o mundo e a história.
description: Didaskalia, v. 44 n. 1 (2014): Bíblia, tradução e leitura
Additional file 7 of Determinants of the de-implementation of low-value care: a multi-method study
Creators: name: Leigh, Jeanna Parsons
name: Sypes, Emma E.
name: Straus, Sharon E.
name: Demiantschuk, Danielle
name: Ma, Henry
name: Brundin-Mather, Rebecca
name: de Grood, Chloe
name: FitzGerald, Emily A.
name: Mizen, Sara
name: Stelfox, Henry T.
name: Niven, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7. Ten most commonly cited determinants of the de-implementation of low-value practices.a A: barriers, B: facilitators. aIncreased size and depth of colour indicate a higher number of citations underpinning the reported barrier or facilitator.
Moving beyond (non-)compliance: the customization of European Union policies in 27 countries
Creators: name: Thomann, Eva
name: Zhelyazkova, Asya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Europeanization research often neglects that the implementation of European Union (EU) policy results in diverse national outcomes, even if member states comply with EU law. Such fine-grained Europeanization patterns have been explored as ‘gold-plating’ and ‘customization’. This contribution builds and expands on this research to propose a general conceptualization and measurement of customization as the changes that provisions of EU Directives undergo in their regulatory density and restrictiveness during legal transposition. Using unique data on the customization of EU directive provisions from two policy areas in 27 countries, our empirical analysis reveals distinct changes in density and restrictiveness, pronounced policy-specific and state-level customization patterns. The findings illustrate how national customization strategies often follow specific EU regulatory logics in different integration contexts. We outline implications for future research on the causes and consequences of the inherent diversity of EU implementation regarding dimensions of customization, issues of legitimacy and effectiveness.
Propter nos homines et nostram salutem: ensaio de releitura do motivo da incarnação
Creators: name: Farias, José Jacinto Ferreira De
Publisher: name: Didaskalia
Year: 2014

description: A questão relativa ao motivo da incarnação foi vista na história da teologia pelo menos de dois modos: a divinização, que seria a sensibilidade da teologia oriental; a redenção do pecado, que seria a sensibilidade mais acentuada no ocidente. Neste ensaio, e partindo da problematização da questão soteriológica em M. Lutero, R. Bultmann e K. Barth, procura entender-se o motivo da incarnação a partir da noção de substituição, tendo como referência, por um lado, a liturgia do sábado santo, e, por outro, os contributos hermenêuticos de D. Sölle e N. Hoffmann sobre a substituição. Alcança-se, deste modo, uma compreensão mais profunda do movimento redentor do Verbo incarnado que se solidariza na experiência da morte enquanto tal, vencendo a morte no lugar do seu triunfo. A liturgia do sábado santo adquire assim um novo alcance e relevo não só na celebração do mistério pascal, mas também como estímulo para a soteriologia.
description: Didaskalia, v. 44 n. 1 (2014): Bíblia, tradução e leitura
Antifungal, phytotoxic and toxic metabolites produced by Penicillium purpurogenum
Creators: name: Li, He
name: Wei, Jing
name: Pan, Shi-Yin
name: Gao, Jin-Ming
name: Tian, Jun-Mian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Nine known metabolites, 6,8,1′-tri-O-methyl averantin (1), 6,8-di-O-methyl averufnin (2), 6,8-di-O-methyl averufanin (3), aversin (4), 1,3-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (5), 6,8-di-O-methylnidurufin (6), 6,8-di-O-methyl versiconol (7), 5-methyoxysterigmatocystin (8) and (S)-ornidazole (9), were isolated from the extracts of Penicillium purpurogenum, and their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods. The brine shrimp toxicity, anti-phytopathogenic and phytotoxic effects of these compounds were evaluated. Among them, compounds 1 and 8 exhibited the strongest toxicity against brine shrimp (Artemia salina), with lethality rates of 100% at a low concentration of 10 μM, comparable to the positive control toosendanin. Compounds 1, 4 and 7 moderately inhibited the growth of Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, 4 displayed moderate antifungal effects on Gibberella saubinettii. In addition, compounds 6, 7 and 9 produced the phytotoxic effects on radish seedlings at 100 μM. This is the first report on the isolation of these metabolites from this organism.
title: Ð Ð°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ¹ 10â0,4 ÐºÐ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Distributed generation in the operation of distribution networks of 10-0.4 kV
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð², ÐÐµÐ¾ÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ð¡Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¸
Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ
Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¸Ð½Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ñ
ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
autonomous inverter
comparison of power supply options

description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð² Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ñ, ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð¾Ð¼Ð° Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÑÐ¸ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð¾Ñ Ð°Ð»ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ° ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸, Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¼. ÐÐºÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ð° Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ.
description: In this study, a comparative analysis of distributed generation in Russia and foreign countries was conducted, and equipment for distributed generation was examined. The aim of this work is to compare options for supplying electricity to a residential house from the utility grid and from an alternative energy source that is most suitable under the given conditions. The relevance of distributed generation of electric power is associated with a growing need for sustainable and efficient energy supply, as well as the necessity to reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and mitigate their negative impact on the environment.
Bíblia, cultura, sociedade no Portugal contemporâneo: o contributo discreto e persistente da Sociedade Bíblica
Creators: name: Cavaco, Timóteo
Publisher: name: Didaskalia
Year: 2014

description: A Sociedade Bíblica tem uma ação contínua em território português desde 1809 embora a tenha mantido com recurso a diferentes arranjos estruturais, sendo relativamente recente a constituição de uma associação nacional e com plena autonomia orgânica e financeira. O pioneirismo da sua missão e a introdução na sociedade portuguesa de um conceito e de mecanismos de acesso à Bíblia diferentes daqueles a que estava acostumada tornaram difícil a sua aglutinação e desenvolvimento. Volvidos mais de dois séculos, a Sociedade Bíblica apresenta três principais contributos para a presença da Bíblia em Portugal no período contemporâneo: 1) a divulgação da Bíblia em diferentes traduções procurando desta forma alargar a sua receção, criando oportunidades de leitura a públicos diversos; 2) a distribuição da Bíblia em larga escala e em circuitos muito abrangentes, no plano social, religioso e económico, exponenciando assim o seu acesso mesmo por parte de parcelas da população que noutros termos dificilmente o conseguiriam; 3) a promoção da Bíblia por via de iniciativas de largo espetro social que, congregando diversos agentes sociais e religiosos, a têm procurado posicionar num plano que transcende o seu uso estritamente religioso.
description: Didaskalia, v. 44 n. 1 (2014): Bíblia, tradução e leitura
Additional file 8 of Determinants of the de-implementation of low-value care: a multi-method study
Creators: name: Leigh, Jeanna Parsons
name: Sypes, Emma E.
name: Straus, Sharon E.
name: Demiantschuk, Danielle
name: Ma, Henry
name: Brundin-Mather, Rebecca
name: de Grood, Chloe
name: FitzGerald, Emily A.
name: Mizen, Sara
name: Stelfox, Henry T.
name: Niven, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 8. Determinants of the de-implementation of low-value practices mapped to relevant stakeholders.
ПРАВОВОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ИНТЕРСЕКС-ЛЮДЕЙ В ПАМЯТНИКАХ РИМСКОГО И КАНОНИЧЕСКОГО ПРАВА ЗАПАДНОЙ ЕВРОПЫ XII СТОЛЕТИЯ
Creators: name: КОНДРАТЬЕВА АННА НИКОЛАЕВНА
Publisher: name: Гуманитарные и политико-правовые исследования
Year: 2020
Subjects: ГЕРМАФРОДИТИЗМ
ИНТЕРСЕКСУАЛЬНОСТЬ
"ПРЕОБЛАДАЮЩИЙ ПОЛ"
РИМСКОЕ ПРАВО
СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЕ КАНОНИЧЕСКОЕ ПРАВО
"CONCORDANTIA DISCORDANTUM CANONUM" ИОАННА ГРАЦИАНА
ДЕКРЕТИСТЫ
HERMAPHRODITISM
INTERSEXUALITY
"РREVAILING GENDER"
ROMAN LAW
MEDIEVAL CANON LAW
"CONCORDANTIA DISCORDANTUM CANONUM" BY GRATIAN
DECRETISTS

description: Сегодня по всему миру активно обсуждается проблема защиты прав интерсекс-людей, что является поводом для обращения к историко-правовому анализу данного вопроса. Установлено, что на законодательном уровне статус гермафродитов был установлен еще в «Corpus Iuris Civilis», а затем получил свое развитие в канонической доктрине и законодательстве. В результате проведенного исследования, автор приходит к выводу о том, что средневековая каноническая юриспруденция занимала более гуманную позицию в отношении интерсексуальности, нежели современные, базирующиеся на демократических принципах, правовые системы многих государств мира. В данном контексте отмечается необходимость толерантного отношения к интерсексуальности как на законодательном уровне, так и в условиях социальной реальности.
Enhanced dewaterability of waste-activated sludge by combined cationic polyacrylamide and magnetic field pretreatment
Creators: name: Bi, Dongsu
name: Guo, Xiaopin
name: Cai, Zhihong
name: Yu, Zhen
name: Wang, Dingmei
name: Wang, Yueqiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: The potential function of combining magnetic field (MF) pretreatment with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) additive on enhancing the dewaterability of waste-activated sludge was investigated in the present work. Two reactors were involved in a specially designed experimental apparatus, one of which was built with MF accessories. Several parameters were conducted, including CPAM dosages, MF strengths and processing times, respectively. Capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were used to evaluate sludge dewaterability. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration was also determined in an attempt to identify the observed changes in dewaterability. It was indicated by the results that both CPAM conditioning and MF pretreatment on sludge can lower CST and SRF values. However, subjecting to a combination of MF pretreatment and CPAM conditioning, sludge dewaterability was significantly enhanced beyond the level observed of CPAM addition alone. The lowest CST and SRF values of 36.5 s and 0.75 × 1012 m kg−1, respectively, were obtained when sludge was co-conditioned by CPAM (at a dosage of 40 mg L−1) and MF (at an induction of 40 mT) for 30 min, suggesting the optimal condition for enhancing sludge dewaterability. It is also shown from the significant correlations between EPS, protein, polysaccharide and CST/SRF that the increment of EPS concentration in sludge supernatant may be the major reason for the enhancement of dewaterability.
The richness of the poor in the Holy Scripture
Creators: name: Carvalho, José Carlos
Publisher: name: Didaskalia
Year: 2014

description: This article deals with the double biblical worldview about poverty: as a social context one is not responsible for, or as a state of mind which enhances brotherhood and fraternity. Both of them criticize the worldview that looks upon poverty as a punishment or as fate impossible to be changed. The biblical vocabulary on this subject offers a broad perspective from these woldviews throughout Israel’s history, where the prophets and wisdom literature assumed an acute critique of all those who oppress the poor in various ways.
description: Didaskalia, v. 44 n. 2 (2014): Responsabilidade social da fé
Enhanced dewaterability of waste activated sludge by combined cationic polyacrylamide and magnetic field pretreatment
Creators: name: Bi, Dongsu
name: Guo, Xiaopin
name: Cai, Zhihong
name: Yu, Zhen
name: Wang, Dingmei
name: Wang, Yueqiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: The potential function of combining magnetic field (MF) pretreatment with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) additive on enhancing the dewaterability of waste activated sludge was investigated in the present work. Two reactors were involved in a specially designed experimental, one of which was built with MF accessories. Several parameters were conducted, including CPAM dosages, MF strengths and processing times, respectively. Capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance of filtration (SRF) were used to evaluate sludge dewaterability. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration was also determined in an attempt to indentify the observed changes in dewaterability. It was indicated by the results that both CPAM conditioning and MF pretreatment on sludge can lower CST and SRF values. However, subjecting to a combination of MF pretreatment and CPAM conditioning, sludge dewaterability was significantly enhanced beyond the level observed of CPAM addition alone. The lowest CST and SRF values of 36.5 s and 0.75×1012 m kg-1, respectively were obtained when sludge was co-conditioned by CPAM (at a dosage of 40 mg L-1) and MF (at induction of 40 mT) for 30 min, suggesting the optimal condition for enhancing sludge dewaterability. It is also shown from the significant correlations between EPS, protein, polysaccharide and CST/SRF that the increment of EPS concentration in sludge supernatant may be the major reason for the enhancement of dewaterability.Supplementary material
Design and evaluation of an aerodynamic focusing micro-well aerosol collector
Creators: name: Jiayang He
name: Novosselov, Igor V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Aerosol sampling and identification is vital for the assessment and control of particulate matter pollution, airborne pathogens, allergens, and toxins and their effect on air quality, human health, and climate change. In situ analysis of chemical and biological airborne components of aerosols on a conventional filter is challenging due to dilute samples in a large collection region. We present the design and evaluation of a micro-well (µ-well) aerosol collector for the assessment of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the 0.5–3 µm size range. The design minimizes particle collection areas allowing for in situ optical analysis and provides an increased limit of detection for liquid-based assays due to the high concentrations of analytes in the elution/analysis volume. The design of the collector is guided by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling; it combines an aerodynamic concentrator inlet that focuses the aspirated aerosol into a narrow beam and a µ-well collector that limits the particle collection area to the µ-well volume. The optimization of the collector geometry and the operational conditions result in high concentrations of collected PM in the submillimeter region inside the µ-well. Collection efficiency experiments are performed in the aerosol chamber using fluorescent polystyrene microspheres to determine the performance of the collector as a function of particle size and sampling flow rate. The collector has the maximum collection efficiency of about 75% for 1 µm particles for the flow rate of 1 slpm. Particles bigger than 1 µm have lower collection efficiencies because of particle bounce and particle loss in the aerodynamic focusing inlet. Collected samples can be eluted from the device using standard pipettes, with an elution volume of 10–20 µL. The transparent collection substrate and the distinct collection region, independent of particle size, allows for in situ optical analysis of the collected PM. © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research
Additional file 9 of Determinants of the de-implementation of low-value care: a multi-method study
Creators: name: Leigh, Jeanna Parsons
name: Sypes, Emma E.
name: Straus, Sharon E.
name: Demiantschuk, Danielle
name: Ma, Henry
name: Brundin-Mather, Rebecca
name: de Grood, Chloe
name: FitzGerald, Emily A.
name: Mizen, Sara
name: Stelfox, Henry T.
name: Niven, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 9. Determinants of the de-implementation of low-value practices mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).
Additional file 1 of Cancer history is an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-matched analysis
Creators: name: Meng, Yifan
name: Lu, Wanrong
name: Guo, Ensong
name: Liu, Jia
name: Yang, Bin
name: Wu, Ping
name: Lin, Shitong
name: Peng, Ting
name: Fu, Yu
name: Li, Fuxia
name: Wang, Zizhuo
name: Li, Yuan
name: Xiao, Rourou
name: Liu, Chen
name: Huang, Yuhan
name: Lu, Funian
name: Wu, Xue
name: You, Lixin
name: Ma, Ding
name: Sun, Chaoyang
name: Wu, Peng
name: Chen, Gang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors in 2665 included patients. Table S2. Baseline characteristics of cancer patients and non-cancer controls (Before PS Matching vs. After PS Matching)
Additional file 1 of Training and clinical testing of artificial intelligence derived right atrial cardiovascular magnetic resonance measurements
Creators: name: Alandejani, Faisal
name: Alabed, Samer
name: Garg, Pankaj
name: Goh, Ze Ming
name: Karunasaagarar, Kavita
name: Sharkey, Michael
name: Salehi, Mahan
name: Aldabbagh, Ziad
name: Dwivedi, Krit
name: Mamalakis, Michail
name: Metherall, Pete
name: Uthoff, Johanna
name: Johns, Chris
name: Rothman, Alexander
name: Condliffe, Robin
name: Hameed, Abdul
name: Charalampoplous, Athanasios
name: Lu, Haiping
name: Plein, Sven
name: Greenwood, John P.
name: Lawrie, Allan
name: Wild, Jim M.
name: de Koning, Patrick J. H.
name: Kiely, David G.
name: Van Der Geest, Rob
name: Swift, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. DSC values before and after refinement for all four cardiac chambers area.
Are automatic systems the future of motorcycle safety? A novel methodology to prioritize potential safety solutions based on their projected effectiveness
Creators: name: Gil, Gustavo
name: Savino, Giovanni
name: Piantini, Simone
name: Baldanzini, Niccolò
name: Riender Happee
name: Pierini, Marco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Objective: Motorcycle riders are involved in significantly more crashes per kilometer driven than passenger car drivers. Nonetheless, the development and implementation of motorcycle safety systems lags far behind that of passenger cars. This research addresses the identification of the most effective motorcycle safety solutions in the context of different countries. Methods: A knowledge-based system of motorcycle safety (KBMS) was developed to assess the potential for various safety solutions to mitigate or avoid motorcycle crashes. First, a set of 26 common crash scenarios was identified from the analysis of multiple crash databases. Second, the relative effectiveness of 10 safety solutions was assessed for the 26 crash scenarios by a panel of experts. Third, relevant information about crashes was used to weigh the importance of each crash scenario in the region studied. The KBMS method was applied with an Italian database, with a total of more than 1 million motorcycle crashes in the period 2000–2012. Results: When applied to the Italian context, the KBMS suggested that automatic systems designed to compensate for riders' or drivers' errors of commission or omission are the potentially most effective safety solution. The KBMS method showed an effective way to compare the potential of various safety solutions, through a scored list with the expected effectiveness of each safety solution for the region to which the crash data belong. A comparison of our results with a previous study that attempted a systematic prioritization of safety systems for motorcycles (PISa project) showed an encouraging agreement. Conclusions: Current results revealed that automatic systems have the greatest potential to improve motorcycle safety. Accumulating and encoding expertise in crash analysis from a range of disciplines into a scalable and reusable analytical tool, as proposed with the use of KBMS, has the potential to guide research and development of effective safety systems. As the expert assessment of the crash scenarios is decoupled from the regional crash database, the expert assessment may be reutilized, thereby allowing rapid reanalysis when new crash data become available. In addition, the KBMS methodology has potential application to injury forecasting, driver/rider training strategies, and redesign of existing road infrastructure.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Bisthioether Derivatives Containing a 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Moiety
Creators: name: Yin, Juan
name: Li, Pei
name: He, Ming
name: Jin, Linhong
name: Wu, Jian
name: Yang, Song
name: Hu, Deyu
name: Chen, Xuehai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorised

description: A series of bisthioether derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties were designed and synthesized. All of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activities of bisthioether derivatives against Ralstonia solanacearum were evaluated in vivo; the results indicated that the synthesized compounds showed good antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum at 200 mg/L. In particular, the activity of compound 3m was up to 73% at 100 mg/L.
 Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.
ВОПРОСЫ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСА СОВЕЩАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНОВ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: ТИХОНОВА ЕЛЕНА СЕРГЕЕВНА
Publisher: name: Гуманитарные и политико-правовые исследования
Year: 2020
Subjects: НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОЙ АКТ
СОВЕЩАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОРГАНЫ
СОВЕТ
СТАТУС
ПРЕЗИДЕНТ РФ
NORMATIVE LEGAL ACT
ADVISORY BODIES
ADVICE
STATUS
PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

description: Нормативно-правовые основы деятельности совещательных органов при Президенте Российской Федерации состоят из правовых актов разных уровней: Конституции Российской Федерации, федеральных законов, указов и распоряжений Президента Российской Федерации. Доминирующее положение занимают акты Президента Российской Федерации. В настоящее время Конституция Российской Федерации и федеральные законы регулируют положение лишь одного совещательного органа Совета Безопасности Российской Федерации. Возможно, в ближайшее время, Государственный совет Российской Федерации тоже приобретет статус конституционного совещательного органа и будет закреплен в Конституции Российской Федерации и федеральных законах. Тем не менее, основу нормативно-правового регулирования совещательных органов составляют Положения о соответствующих советах при Президенте Российской Федерации, утверждаемые указами или распоряжениями главы государства. Однако на сегодняшний день не существует единого нормативно-правового акта, который устанавливал бы общую систему совещательных органов при Президенте Российской Федерации, их типовую структуру и критерии разграничения между собой. Автором выявлены и обоснованы позитивные и негативные стороны отсутствия единого нормативно-правового акта, определяющего их место в структуре современного государственного управления Российской Федерации. Поддержана идея принятия Федерального конституционного закона «О Президенте Российской Федерации», с выделением отдельного подраздела «Совещательные органы при Президенте Российской Федерации», который закрепит их статус, порядок формирования и принципы функционирования.
Additional file 1 of Influence of cellular models and individual factor in the biological response to head CT scan exams
Creators: name: Devic, Clément
name: Bodgi, Larry
name: Sonzogni, Laurène
name: Pilleul, Frank
name: Ribot, Hervé
name: De Charry, Charlotte
name: Le Moigne, François
name: Paul, Didier
name: Carbillet, Fanny
name: Munier, Mélodie
name: Foray, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Kinetics of the γH2AX foci in excess in fibroblasts after a single helical head CT scan (a), or a double-helical head CT scan (b) at the indicated post-irradiation times (t0 = non-irradiated). Data result from those shown in Fig. 2 with background subtraction in order to show γH2AX foci in excess effectively due to CT exposure. Error bars indicate SEM. Figure S2. Kinetics of pATM foci in excess in fibroblasts (a) after a single helical head CT scan, (b) or a double-helical head CT scan at the indicated post-irradiation times (t0 = non irradiated). Data result from those shown in Fig. 3 with background subtraction in order to show γH2AX foci in excess effectively due to CT exposure. Error bars indicate SEM. Figure S3. Kinetics of γH2AX foci in excess in astrocytes (a) after a single helical head CT scan, or (b) a double-helical head CT scan at the indicated post-irradiation times (t0 = non-irradiated). Data result from those shown in Fig. 4 with background subtraction in order to show γH2AX foci in excess effectively due to CT exposure. Error bars indicate SEM. Figure S4. Kinetics of the pATM foci in in excess astrocytes (a) after a single helical head CT scan, or (b) a double-helical head CT scan at the indicated post-irradiation times (t0 = non-irradiated). Data result from those shown in Fig. 5 with background subtraction in order to show γH2AX foci in excess effectively due to CT exposure. Error bars indicate SEM. Figure S5. Distribution of the number of γH2AX foci per cell over the 300 nuclei scored for the 200CLB and 85MA cell lines at 1h after a single-helical head CT exposure. Table S1. Statistical results and p-values
Epoxidation of methanol-soluble kraft lignin for lignin-derived epoxy resin and its usage in the preparation of biopolyester
Creators: name: Jung, Jae Yeong
name: Park, Chang-Ho
name: Lee, Eun Yeol
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Most commercial epoxy resins have been produced using toxic bisphenol A. Lignin can be utilized as green substitute for bisphenol A to produce bio-epoxy resins. Methanol-soluble kraft lignin was extracted by methanol fractionation for lignin epoxidation, and epoxidized into lignin-derived epoxy resin via two-step epoxidation consisting of epichlorohydrin addition and epoxide ring restructuring. Epoxidized lignin was selectively separated from non- or less-reacted lignin based on their solubility differences in organic solvents. The existence of epoxide groups in the lignin-derived epoxy resin was confirmed using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and TGA analyses. Epoxidized lignin was used as a reactive lignin macromonomer to prepare biopolyester. The characteristics of the synthesized biopolyester were analyzed using FT-IR, and the thermal properties were analyzed by TGA. The thermal decomposition temperature of 5% weight loss (Td5) was determined to be 257.1°C, which is comparable to epoxy resins that are used in electronic applications.
Additional file 1 of A daf-7-related TGF-β ligand (Hc-tgh-2) shows important regulations on the development of Haemonchus contortus
Creators: name: He, Li
name: Liu, Hui
name: Zhang, Bi-Ying
name: Li, Fang-Fang
name: Di, Wen-Da
name: Wang, Chun-Qun
name: Zhou, Cai-Xian
name: Liu, Lu
name: Li, Ting-Ting
name: Zhang, Ting
name: Fang, Rui
name: Hu, Min
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Oligonucleotide primers (5’-3’) used in the present study.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a new benzamide from endophytic Streptomyces sp. YIM 67086
Creators: name: Yang, Xueqiong
name: Peng, Tianfeng
name: Yang, Yabin
name: Li, Wei
name: Xiong, Jie
name: Zhao, Lixing
name: Ding, Zhongtao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: A new benzamide (1) and four known compounds (2–5) were isolated from endophytic Streptomyces YIM67086, and their structures were determined as 2-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzamide (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), N-acetyltyramine (4) and p-hydroxytruxinic acid (5). Compound 5 was first found in the microorganism. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1–5 and antioxidant activity of compound 1 were investigated.
ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ДВОРЯНСКОГО ТОРГОВО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РОССИИ В XVIII - НАЧАЛЕ XIX ВЕКА
Creators: name: ФЕДОСЕЕВ РОМАН ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Гуманитарные и политико-правовые исследования
Year: 2020
Subjects: ДВОРЯНСТВО
ТОРГОВЛЯ
ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО
УКАЗ
ПОМЕЩИК
ВОТЧИННИК
ВЫСШЕЕ СОСЛОВИЕ
ВИНОКУРЕНИЕ
NOBILITY
TRADE
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DECREE
LANDOWNER
FIANCéE
UPPER CLASS
DISTILLERY

description: Дворянство, будучи системообразующим звеном в обществе имперской России, на протяжении долгого периода времени занималось почти исключительно служебной деятельностью. В то же время оно постепенно обрастало капиталами, земельными наделами и другими материальными ресурсами, использование которых сложно было ограничить лишь нуждами собственного потребления. Данное обстоятельство подталкивало представителей высшего сословия к занятию торговым предпринимательством, тем более финансовые возможности у многих из них были весьма значительны. Самодержавная власть хотя и видела в дворянстве в первую очередь служилое сословие, все же понимала, что польза от него может быть получена и на поприще торговом, для чего было необходимо направить трудовой потенциал и финансовые ресурсы той части дворян, которая была связана с землей, что поспособствовало бы развитию сельскохозяйственного производства и обрабатывающей промышленности непосредственно в вотчинах, а также благоприятно повлияло на развитие торговли, увеличивая конкуренцию между купечеством и дворянством. Все эти процессы нашли свое отражение в российском законодательстве XVIII начала XIX веков, положения которого постепенно приобщали высшее сословия к участию наряду с купечеством в торговле, развитию промышленности, к добыче и обработке полезных ископаемых в своих имениях.
Additional file 1 of Perceptions and attitudes around perinatal mental health in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: a systematic review of qualitative data
Creators: name: Insan, Nafisa
name: Weke, Anthony
name: Rankin, Judith
name: Forrest, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The ENTREQ checklist.
Additional file 2 of Perceptions and attitudes around perinatal mental health in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: a systematic review of qualitative data
Creators: name: Insan, Nafisa
name: Weke, Anthony
name: Rankin, Judith
name: Forrest, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Search terms for OVID database.
Characteristics of evodiamine-exerted stimulatory effects on rat jejunal contractility
Creators: name: Xiong, Yong-Jian
name: Chen, Da-Peng
name: Peng, Jin-Yong
name: Wang, Jing-Yu
name: Lv, Bo-Chao
name: Liu, Fang-Fei
name: Lin, Yuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: This study was designed to characterise the effects of evodiamine on intestinal contractility and reveal the correlated mechanisms. Evodiamine (2.5–80.0 μM) increased normal jejunal contractility and jejunal hypocontractility established under a variety of experimental conditions. Evodiamine-exerted stimulatory effects were blocked by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine or abolished in the Ca2+-free assay condition. The stimulatory effects of evodiamine on jejunal contractility were partially blocked in the presence of neurotoxin tetrodotoxin or endogenous acetylcholine synthesis blocker hemicholinium-3 or muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine, respectively. Evodiamine-exerted stimulatory effects were blocked by c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Evodiamine increased myosin phosphorylation in jejunal smooth muscle of constipation-prominent rats. These results showed that evodiamine-exerted stimulatory effects on jejunal segments are Ca2+-dependent, need the presence of interstitial cell of Cajal, requirement of cholinergic neuron and correlate with increased myosin phosphorylation, implicating the potential value of evodiamine in relieving hypo-motility disorders.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of benzo[d]isothiazole ring systems, fused to nitrogen heterocycles
Creators: name: Botha, Michelle
Publisher: name: University of Hertfordshire
Year: 2014
Subjects: Benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3-a]pyrazine-6,6-dioxide
Dibromochalcone sulfonyl
Antimicrobial properties
Antifungal properties
Biological evaluation

description: We have developed a simple and efficient synthetic route, starting from easily available starting materials, to the novel ring system benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3-a]pyrazine-6,6-dioxide. A series of chalcones were synthesized which were subsequently reacted with chlorosulphonic acid to generate the chalcone sulphonyl chlorides. The chalcone sulphonyl chlorides were then treated with bromine to generate the dibromo chalcone sulphonyl chlorides. These were subsequently reacted with 1,2-diaminopropane and 2-methyl-1,2-diaminopropane in boiling ethanol resulting in compounds 22-30 and 31-39 respectively, in 12-80% yields. The products were recrystallized using appropriate solvents and were characterized by spectral analysis, melting point, infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. In addition to spectral analysis, X-ray crystallography data was also collected for compound 31, confirming the definitive structure of the synthesized compounds. The reaction is believed to occur by the domino effect. The less sterically hindered amino group reacts with the sulphonyl chloride group to from the sulphonamide. The sulphonamide group then reacts with the β-carbon by nucleophilic substitution to form the isothiazole ring system and then the second amino group reacts with the α-carbon with elimination of the bromide ion to form the pyrazine ring. X-Ray data confirmed the structure of compound 31 and clearly confirmed that the dimethyl groups were on the carbon atom adjacent to the NH group. The synthesized compounds have been screened for potential antimicrobial properties against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus hauseri and Staphylococcus aureus. Compound 27 displayed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis at a concentration of 416 µgml-1. Compounds 23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35 and 36 all showed activity against B. subtilis at a concentration of 6.67 mg ml-1, generally the compounds synthesized displayed activity at the highest concentration and were more active against gram positive bacteria. A simple, efficient method for the synthesis of the novel benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3-a]pyrazine-6,6-dioxide ring system which should be applicable to generate other fused pyrazine ring systems of biological interest has been developed.
Are automatic systems the future of motorcycle safety? A novel methodology to prioritize potential safety solutions based on their projected effectiveness.
Creators: name: Gil, Gustavo
name: Savino, Giovanni
name: Piantini, Simone
name: Baldanzini, Niccolò
name: Riender Happee
name: Pierini, Marco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Objective: Motorcycle riders are involved in significantly more crashes per kilometer driven than passenger car drivers. Nonetheless, the development and implementation of motorcycle safety systems lags far behind that of passenger cars. This research addresses the identification of the most effective motorcycle safety solutions in the context of different countries. Methods: A Knowledge-Based system of Motorcycle Safety (KBMS) was developed to assess the potential for various safety solutions to mitigate or avoid motorcycle crashes. First, a set of 26 common crash scenarios was identified from the analysis of multiple crash databases. Second, the relative effectiveness of 10 safety solutions was assessed for the 26 crash scenarios by a panel of experts. Third, relevant information about crashes was used to weigh the importance of each crash scenario in the region studied. The KBMS method was applied with an Italian database, totalizing more than one million motorcycle crashes in the period 2000-2012. Results: When applied to the Italian context, the KBMS suggested that automatic systems designed to compensate for riders’ or drivers’ errors of commission or omission are the potentially most effective safety solution. The KBMS method showed an effective way to compare the potential of various safety solutions, through a scored list with the expected effectiveness of each safety solution for the region to which the crash data belong. A comparison of our results with a previous study that attempted a systematic prioritization of safety systems for motorcycles (PISa project) showed an encouraging agreement. Conclusions: Current results revealed that automatic systems have the greatest potential to improve motorcycle safety. Accumulating and encoding expertise in crash analysis from a range of disciplines into a scalable and re-usable analytical tool, as proposed with the use of KBMS, has the potential to guide research and development of effective safety systems. As the expert assessment of the crash scenarios is decoupled from the regional crash database, the expert assessment may be re-utilized, thereby allowing rapid re-analysis when new crash data becomes available. In addition, the KBMS methodology has potential application to injury forecasting, driver/rider training strategies, and redesign of existing road infrastructure.
MPEC 2024-E05 : 2024 DW1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 DW1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.