cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Harari People, Self-Administration and Electoral System: Clearing Wrong Perceptions
Creators: name: Mohammed, Yusuf Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Harari People, Harar, Self-Administration, Electoral System, Minority Right, Indigenous People

description: According to Article 47 of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution, among the nine (now twelve) semi-autonomous regional states of Ethiopia, the state of Harari People's Region is the one. This region is comparatively the smallest, but the second oldest – after 'Axum,' with full of historical artifacts and more than 1000 years of tremendous history. The ‘Harari’ people used to self-administer themselves for centuries under their 72 Emirs (Emir – meaning Ruler) until its last Emir Abdullahi was defeated by Menelik II at the battle of ‘Challenko’ in January 6, 1887. After lots of unsuccessful attempts to regain their lost self-administration, lastly, they have got the right to self-administer themselves under the newly structured FDRE alongside other eight regional states. Harari People fall within the category of ‘ethnic minority’ and ‘indigenous’ people, for the obvious historical facts. Upon thorough studies of the House of Peoples Representatives (HoPR) coupled with several serious consultations with many concerned parties, a new electoral mode was introduced and put into practice for the last five consecutive national and regional elections. Though there is a nationwide assumption of consensus to take place the 2021 national and regional elections in accordance with the already set electoral practices, the National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) proceed to the contrary. Consequently, the study thoroughly examines the forgoing NEBE’s action from regional, national, and international laws and practices.
Theoretical model for torque differential magnetometry of single domain magnets
Creators: name: Kamra, Akashdeep
name: Schreier, Michael
name: Huebl, Hans
name: Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generic theoretical model for torque differential magnetometry (TDM) - an experimental method for determining the magnetic properties of a magnetic specimen by recording the resonance frequency of a mechanical oscillator, on which the magnetic specimen has been mounted, as a function of the applied magnetic field. The effective stiffness change, and hence the resonance frequency shift, of the oscillator due to the magnetic torque on the specimen is calculated, treating the magnetic specimen as a single magnetic domain. Our model can deal with an arbitrary magnetic free energy density characterizing the specimen, as well as any relative orientation of the applied magnetic field, the specimen and the oscillator. Our calculations agree well with published experimental data. The theoretical model presented here allows to take full advantage of TDM as an efficient magnetometry method.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
ABC News/Washington Post: October 2020 Wisconsin Poll
Creators: name: ABC News
name: Washington Post
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Following 2020 presidential election (1); voting in election (2); President Donald Trump vs. Former Vice President Joe Biden vs Jo Jorgensen (3); enthusiasm about supporting Biden/Trump (2); trust Trump vs. Biden on issues (2); Trump job performance (4); worried about coronavirus (COVID-19) (1); support/oppose state rules on masks and restrictions on gatherings (1); Biden/Trump qualities (3); feud between Trump and Governor of Michigan Gretchen Whitmer (1); vote in 2016 presidential election (2); vote in 2018 congressional election (1); political partisanship (2); ideology (3); military service (1).
Harari People, Self-Administration and Electoral System: Clearing Wrong Perceptions
Creators: name: Mohammed, Yusuf Ali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Harari People, Harar, Self-Administration, Electoral System, Minority Right, Indigenous People

description: According to Article 47 of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution, among the nine (now ten) semi-autonomies regional states of Ethiopia, the ‘State of Harari People’ Region is the one. This region is comparatively the smallest, but “the second oldest – after Axum”, with full of historical artefacts and more than 1000 years of tremendous history. The ‘Harari’ people used to self-administer themselves for centuries under their 72 Emirs (Emir – meaning Ruler), until its last Emir Abdullahi was defeated by Menelik II at the battle of ‘Challenko’ in January 6, 1887. After lots of unsuccessful attempts to regain their lost self-administration, lastly, they have got the right to self-administer themselves under the newly structured FDRE alongside other eight regional states. Harari People fall within the category of ‘ethnic minority’ and ‘indigenous’ people, for the obvious historical facts. Upon thorough studies of HoPR coupled with a number of serious consultations with all relevant parties, a new electoral mode was introduced and put into practice for the last five consecutive national and regional elections. Though there is a nation-wide assumption of consensus to take place the 2021 national and regional elections in accordance with the already set electoral practices, the NEBE proceed to the contrary. Consequently, the paper thoroughly examine the forgoing NEBE’s action from regional, national and international laws and practices.
Landau damping effects on dust-acoustic solitary waves in a dusty negative-ion plasma
Creators: name: Barman, A.
name: Misra, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear theory of dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) with Landau damping is studied in an unmagnetized dusty negative-ion plasma in the extreme conditions when the free electrons are absent. The cold massive charged dusts are described by fluid equations, whereas the two-species of ions (positive and negative) are described by the kinetic Vlasov equations. A Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equation with Landau damping, governing the dynamics of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive DAWs, is derived following Ott and Sudan [Phys. Fluids {\bf 12}, 2388 (1969)]. It is shown that for some typical laboratory and space plasmas, the Landau damping (and the nonlinear) effects are more pronounced than the finite Debye length (dispersive) effects for which the KdV soliton theory is not applicable to DAWs in dusty pair-ion plasmas. The properties of the linear phase velocity, solitary wave amplitudes (in presence and absence of the Landau damping) as well as the Landau damping rate are studied with the effects of the positive ion to dust density ratio $(μ_{pd})$ as well as the ratios of positive to negative ion temperatures $(σ)$ and masses $(m)$.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures; In the revised version, v is renormalized; Kinetic eqs/expressions are modified/rectified; Some figures are redrawn. To appear in Phys. Plasmas (2014)
Proximity effect and inverse proximity effect in a topological-insulator/iron-based-superconductor heterostructure
Creators: name: Zhu, Qi-Guang
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the proximity effect and the inverse proximity effect in a topological insulator/iron-based superconductor heterostructure based on the microscopic model. The superconducting order parameter is self-consistently calculated. Its magnitude decreases when the coupling of these two systems increases. The induced pairing order parameter exhibits negative and positive values, while the negative pairing near the $Γ=(0,0)$ point is dominant. This parameter has twofold symmetry and includes an $s$-wave component and a $d$-wave component. The magnitude of the induced pairing order parameter has a maximal value at the coupling strength $t_p=0.3\approx 0.06$ eV. The spectral function and the local density of states are calculated and may be used to probe the proximity effect. We also discuss the feedback of the topological insulator to the iron-based superconductor layer. The normal-state Fermi surface is distorted by the coupling, and additional Fermi pockets are induced. An effective spin-orbit interaction term is induced. In the superconducting state, the previous fourfold symmetry of the order parameter is broken, and a $d$-wave component pairing term is also induced. Our main results can be well understood by analyzing the Fermi surfaces of the original systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Optimal signal processing for continuous qubit readout
Creators: name: Ng, Shilin
name: Tsang, Mankei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of a quantum two-level system, or a qubit in modern terminology, often involves an electromagnetic field that interacts with the qubit, before the field is measured continuously and the qubit state is inferred from the noisy field measurement. During the measurement, the qubit may undergo spontaneous transitions, further obscuring the initial qubit state from the observer. Taking advantage of some well known techniques in stochastic detection theory, here we propose a novel signal processing protocol that can infer the initial qubit state optimally from the measurement in the presence of noise and qubit dynamics. Assuming continuous quantum-nondemolition measurements with Gaussian or Poissonian noise and a classical Markov model for the qubit, we derive analytic solutions to the protocol in some special cases of interest using Itō calculus. Our method is applicable to multi-hypothesis testing for robust qubit readout and relevant to experiments on qubits in superconducting microwave circuits, trapped ions, nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, semiconductor quantum dots, or phosphorus donors in silicon.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures; v2: improved the introduction; v3: updated and accepted by PRA
Controlled Diversity with Preference : Towards Learning a Diverse Set of Desired Skills
Creators: name: Hussonnois, Maxence
name: Karimpanal, Thommen George
name: Rana, Santu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomously learning diverse behaviors without an extrinsic reward signal has been a problem of interest in reinforcement learning. However, the nature of learning in such mechanisms is unconstrained, often resulting in the accumulation of several unusable, unsafe or misaligned skills. In order to avoid such issues and ensure the discovery of safe and human-aligned skills, it is necessary to incorporate humans into the unsupervised training process, which remains a largely unexplored research area. In this work, we propose Controlled Diversity with Preference (CDP), a novel, collaborative human-guided mechanism for an agent to learn a set of skills that is diverse as well as desirable. The key principle is to restrict the discovery of skills to those regions that are deemed to be desirable as per a preference model trained using human preference labels on trajectory pairs. We evaluate our approach on 2D navigation and Mujoco environments and demonstrate the ability to discover diverse, yet desirable skills.
description: Accepted to AAMAS 2023
Nonlinear Chaplygin Gas Cosmologies
Creators: name: Avelino, P. P.
name: Bolejko, K.
name: Lewis, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonlinear regime of Unified Dark Energy models, using Generalized Chaplygin Gas cosmologies as a representative example, and introduce a new parameter characterizing the level of small scale clustering in these scenarios. We show that viable Generalized Chaplygin Gas cosmologies, consistent with the most recent observational constraints, may be constructed for any value of the Generalized Chaplygin Gas parameter by considering models with a sufficiently high level of nonlinear clustering.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Detecting long-period variability in SDSS Stripe 82 standards catalog
Creators: name: Fatović, Marta
name: Palaversa, Lovro
name: Tisanić, Krešimir
name: Thanjavur, Karun
name: Ivezić, Željko
name: Kovačević, Andjelka B.
name: Ilić, Dragana
name: Popović, Luka Č.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a search for long-period ($100
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, published in AJ
Multiple phases in sputtered Cr2CoGa films
Creators: name: Geisler, Manuel P.
name: Meinert, Markus
name: Schmalhorst, Jan
name: Reiss, Günter
name: Arenholz, Elke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By magnetron co-sputtering, thin films of a nominal Cr2CoGa compound were deposited on MgO and MgAl2O4. To achieve crystallisation in the inverse Heusler structure, different heat treatments were tested. Instead of the inverse Heusler structure, we observed phase separation and precipitate formation in dependence on the heat treatment. The main precipitate is Cr3Ga in A15 structure. The remainder forms Co-rich CoGa in the B2 structure and possibly Cr-rich CoCr in the sigma-phase.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Are occupations "bundles of skills"? Identifying latent skill profiles in the labor market using topic modeling
Creators: name: Labussière, Marie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In the face of rapid technological change, a growing body of research has argued that the key determinant of employment growth is the nature of the tasks performed on the job and the extent to which they are complementary to IT devices. However, to make inferences about the task or skill content of jobs, previous studies often rely on standard occupational classifications, thereby implicitly assuming that occupations are made up of well-defined and homogeneous ``bundles of tasks''. In this article, we evaluate this assumption using a unique dataset of 60 million online job postings in the UK. Based on the skill requirements of job postings, we map the skill structure of the labor market using topic modeling and analyze its relationship to existing occupational classifications. Our results show that the labor market is segmented into coherent bundles of skills, but that these largely cross occupational boundaries. These results challenge the usefulness of occupations as proxies for skills and offer new perspectives for the analysis of labor market stratification.
On the Security of Trustee-based Social Authentications
Creators: name: Gong, Neil Zhenqiang
name: Wang, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, authenticating users with the help of their friends (i.e., trustee-based social authentication) has been shown to be a promising backup authentication mechanism. A user in this system is associated with a few trustees that were selected from the user's friends. When the user wants to regain access to the account, the service provider sends different verification codes to the user's trustees. The user must obtain at least k (i.e., recovery threshold) verification codes from the trustees before being directed to reset his or her password. In this paper, we provide the first systematic study about the security of trustee-based social authentications. Specifically, we first introduce a novel framework of attacks, which we call forest fire attacks. In these attacks, an attacker initially obtains a small number of compromised users, and then the attacker iteratively attacks the rest of users by exploiting trustee-based social authentications. Then, we construct a probabilistic model to formalize the threats of forest fire attacks and their costs for attackers. Moreover, we introduce various defense strategies. Finally, we apply our framework to extensively evaluate various concrete attack and defense strategies using three real-world social network datasets. Our results have strong implications for the design of more secure trustee-based social authentications.
description: 13 pages. Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
ABC News/Washington Post: October 2020 Michigan Poll
Creators: name: ABC News
name: Washington Post
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Following 2020 presidential election (1); voting in election (3); President Donald Trump vs. Former Vice President Joe Biden vs Howie Hawkins (3); vote for Gary Peters vs John James for United States Senate (2); enthusiasm about supporting Biden/Trump (2); trust Trump vs. Biden on issues (2); Trump job performance (3); worried about coronavirus (COVID-19) (1); economy (1); support/oppose state rules on masks and restrictions on gatherings (1); Biden/Trump qualities (3); feud between Trump and Governor of Michigan Gretchen Whitmer (1); vote in 2016 presidential election (2); vote in 2018 congressional election (1); political partisanship (2); ideology (3); military service (1).
The targum (1932:Jan. 9 - 1932:Jan. 16)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1932

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Possible Topological Superconducting Phases of MoS$_{2}$
Creators: name: Yuan, Noah F. Q.
name: Mak, Kin Fai
name: Law, K. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS$_2$) has attracted much interest in recent years due to its potential applications in a new generation of electronic devices. Recently, it was shown that thin films of MoS$_2$ can become superconducting with a highest $T_{c}$ of 10K when the material is heavily gated to the conducting regime. In this work, using the group theoretical approach, we determine the possible pairing symmetries of heavily gated MoS$_2$. Depending on the electron-electron interactions, the material can support an exotic spin-singlet $p +ip $-wave-like, an exotic spin-triplet s-wave-like and an conventional spin-triplet $p$-wave pairing phases. Importantly, the exotic spin-singlet $p+ip$-wave phase is a topological superconducting phase which breaks time-reversal symmetry spontaneously and possesses chiral Majorana edge states.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. References added. Comments are welcome
General Use SOP for Reproductive Toxins
Creators: name: Stanford EH&S
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: reproductive toxin
reproductive toxicant

description: This standard operating procedure (SOP) provides general guidance on working safely with lab-scale quantities of reproductive toxins. In some cases, multiple SOPs may apply to a single chemical  (e.g., for benzene, both General Use SOPs for flammable liquids and reproductive toxins would apply). For questions about the applicability of any item in this SOP, contact your Principal Investigator/Supervisor or EH&S at 650-723-0448 or EHS_Research_SOP@lists.stanford.edu.
Advancing biodiesel production from Pyrus glabra seed oil: Kinetic study and RSM optimization via microwave-assisted transesterification with biocompatible hydroxyapatite catalyst
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Nima
name: Ostovar, Nikoo
name: Niromand, Ramtin
name: Absalan, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this study, a biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HAp) catalyst was synthesized using the chemical precipitation method to create biodiesel (FAME). The HAp was characterized for its structure (FT-IR and XRD), particle size, morphology (SEM and TEM), and surface area (BET). The obtained results indicated that HAp had a spherical shape ranging in size from 28.36 to 51.40 nm, a specific surface area of 21.90 m2/g, and a pore diameter of 15.36 nm. The aforementioned catalyst was employed in the transesterification of Pyrus glabra seed oil, with the assistance of microwaves, and the optimization of the biodiesel production process was achieved using RSM-CCD. The impact of the reaction parameters, including catalyst weight (0.5–1.5 wt%), temperature (60–80 °C), and time (10–30 min), was analyzed. The highest biodiesel yield of 89.21% was achieved in 30 min using a 0.5 wt% catalyst at 80 °C. Microwave-produced FAME was evaluated with FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. GC-MS results revealed 78.02% unsaturated and 13.16% saturated FAME content. The FTIR spectrum validated the presence of methyl and ester groups in the produced biodiesel. Both the FTIR and GC-MS results illustrated that the produced biodiesel had good quality. Transesterification of Pyrus glabra seed Oil followed first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 23.20 kJ/mol and an Arrhenius constant of 2.43 × 104 min−1. The catalyst remained active over six recycling cycles without notable decline. The optimal properties of Pyrus glabra biodiesel, meeting ASTM standards, highlight its potential as a catalyst for large-scale production, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Evolution of surface-plasmon-polariton and Dyakonov-Tamm waves with the ambichirality of a partnering dielectric material
Creators: name: Faryad, Muhammad
name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The planar interface of an isotropic homogeneous metal and an ambichiral dielectric material can guide surface-plasmon-polariton waves. The planar interface of an isotropic, homogeneous dielectric material and an ambichiral dielectric material can guide Dyakonov-Tamm waves. In either instance, we found that, as the ambichiral partnering material evolves into a finely chiral material, the solutions of the dispersion equation for surface-wave propagation evince convergence. The convergence is faster for the surface waves with larger phase speeds than for the surface waves with smaller phase speeds.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Proposal of a multiagent-based smart environment for the IoT
Creators: name: Klimek, Radoslaw
name: Kotulski, Leszek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work relates to context-awareness of things that belong to IoT networks. Preferences understood as a priority in selection are considered, and dynamic preference models for such systems are built. Preference models are based on formal logic, and they are built on-the-fly by software agents observing the behavior of users/inhabitants, and gathering knowledge about preferences expressed in terms of logical specifications. A 3-level structure of agents has been introduced to support IoT inference. These agents cooperate with each other basing on the graph representation of the system knowledge. An example of such a system is presented.
description: 10th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'14), 9th Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence (AITAmI'14), Shanghai, China, 30th June-1st of July 2014
The targum (1932:Feb. 6 - 1932:Feb. 27)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1932

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Forecasting the movements of Bitcoin prices: an application of machine learning algorithms
Creators: name: Pabuccu, Hakan
name: Ongan, Serdar
name: Ongan, Ayse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, are one of the most controversial and complex technological innovations in today's financial system. This study aims to forecast the movements of Bitcoin prices at a high degree of accuracy. To this aim, four different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are applied, namely, the Support Vector Machines (SVM), the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), the Naive Bayes (NB) and the Random Forest (RF) besides the logistic regression (LR) as a benchmark model. In order to test these algorithms, besides existing continuous dataset, discrete dataset was also created and used. For the evaluations of algorithm performances, the F statistic, accuracy statistic, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Root Absolute Error (RAE) metrics were used. The t test was used to compare the performances of the SVM, ANN, NB and RF with the performance of the LR. Empirical findings reveal that, while the RF has the highest forecasting performance in the continuous dataset, the NB has the lowest. On the other hand, while the ANN has the highest and the NB the lowest performance in the discrete dataset. Furthermore, the discrete dataset improves the overall forecasting performance in all algorithms (models) estimated.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures and 15 tables
Equivalence and Hermiticity of Dirac Hamiltonians in the Kerr gravitational field
Creators: name: Gorbatenko, M. V.
name: Neznamov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper, for the Kerr field, we prove that Chandrasekhar's Dirac Hamiltonian and the self-adjoint Hamiltonian H_η with a flat scalar product of the wave functions are physically equivalent. Operators of transformation of Chandrasekhar's Hamiltonian and wave functions to the η-representation with a flat scalar product are defined explicitly. If the domain of the wave functions of Dirac's equation in the Kerr field is bounded by two-dimensional surfaces of revolution around the z axis, Chandrasekhar's Hamiltonian and the self-adjoint Hamiltonian in the η-representation are Hermitian with equality of the scalar products,(ψ, H φ)=(H ψ, φ).
description: 16 pages, accepted for publication in Annalen der Physik
Density-shear instability in electron MHD
Creators: name: Wood, Toby S
name: Hollerbach, Rainer
name: Lyutikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a novel instability in inertia-less electron magneto-hydrodynamics (EMHD), which arises from a combination of electron velocity shear and electron density gradients. The unstable modes have a lengthscale longer than the transverse density scale, and a growth-rate of the order of the inverse Hall timescale. We suggest that this density-shear instability may be of importance in magnetic reconnection regions on scales smaller than the ion skin depth, and in neutron star crusts. We demonstrate that the so-called Hall drift instability, previously argued to be relevant in neutron star crusts, is a resistive tearing instability rather than an instability of the Hall term itself. We argue that the density-shear instability is of greater significance in neutron stars than the tearing instability, because it generally has a faster growth-rate and is less sensitive to geometry and boundary conditions. We prove that, for uniform electron density, EMHD is "at least as stable" as regular, incompressible MHD, in the sense that any field configuration that is stable in MHD is also stable in EMHD. We present a connection between the density-shear instability in EMHD and the magneto-buoyancy instability in anelastic MHD.
description: 1 Figure
Singular solutions, repeated roots and completeness for higher-spin chains
Creators: name: Hao, Wenrui
name: Nepomechie, Rafael I.
name: Sommese, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the completeness of the solutions of the Bethe equations for the integrable spin-s isotropic (XXX) spin chain with periodic boundary conditions. Solutions containing the exact string i s, i (s-1), ..., -i(s-1), -is are singular. For s>1/2, there exist also "strange" solutions with repeated roots, which nevertheless are physical (i.e., correspond to eigenstates of the Hamiltonian). We derive conditions for the singular solutions and the solutions with repeated roots to be physical. We formulate a conjecture for the number of solutions with pairwise distinct roots in terms of the numbers of singular and strange solutions. Using homotopy continuation, we solve the Bethe equations numerically for s=1 and s=3/2 up to 8 sites, and find some support for the conjecture. We also exhibit several examples of strange solutions.
description: 17 pages; many tables provided as supplemental material; v2: minor changes
Evolution of vacuum fluctuations generated during and before inflation
Creators: name: Aoki, Hajime
name: Iso, Satoshi
name: Sekino, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the time evolution of the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor for a minimally-coupled massless scalar field in cosmological spacetimes, with an application to dark energy in mind. We first study the evolution from inflation until the present, fixing the Bunch-Davies initial condition. The energy density of a quantum field evolves as $ρ\sim 3(H_I H)^2 /32 π^2 $ in the matter-dominated (MD) period, where $H_I$ and $H$ are the Hubble parameters during inflation and at each moment. Its equation of state, $w=ρ/p$, changes from a negative value to $w=1/3$ in the radiation-dominated period, and from $1/3$ to $w=0$ in the MD period. We then consider possible effects of a Planckian universe, which may have existed before inflation, by assuming there was another inflation with the Hubble parameter $H_P (> H_I)$. In this case, modes with wavelengths longer than the current horizon radius are mainly amplified, and the energy density of a quantum field grows with time as $ρ\sim (a/a_0)(H_P H)^2/32$ in the MD period, where $a$ and $a_0$ are the scale factors at each time and at present. Hence, if $H_P$ is of the order of the Planck scale $M_P$, $ρ$ becomes comparable to the critical density $3(M_P H)^2$ at the present time. The contribution to $ρ$ from the long wavelength fluctuations generated before the ordinary inflation has $w=-1/3$ in the free field approximation. We mention a possibility that interactions further amplify the energy density and change the equation of state.
description: 54 pages, 12 figures; v2: references added; v3:version publised in PRD
Where were we? The role of the community in the present and future of OpenCitations
Creators: name: Di Giambattista, Chiara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Scholarly communications
open infrastructure
open citations
Principles of Open Scholarly Infrastructure
I4OC
COCI
community

description: OpenCitations is a community-based open infrastructure organization for open scholarship dedicated to the publication of open bibliographic and citation data by the use of Semantic Web (Linked Data) technologies. Since its foundation in 2010, OpenCitations exists for the people that use its data for research purposes every day, and thanks to the support received from the global scholarly community. With its valid services and numerous ongoing activities, OpenCitations has quickly become a well-acknowledged infrastructure that perfectly fits into the current Open Science environment. The collaboration with international networks and projects has made it possible for OpenCitations to expand its team and accomplish significant milestones. However, more activities are planned for the future, and the involvement of the community is crucial to help in this process. In this talk, I will provide an overview of OpenCitations’ recent developments, plans and of how the community can embrace OpenCitations' mission.
General Use SOP for Sensitizers
Creators: name: Stanford EH&S
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: chemical safety
subject: sensitizers
subject: formaldehyde

description: This standard operating procedure (SOP) is intended to provide general guidance on how to safely work with sensitizers. As sensitizers often have other potential hazard characteristics such as carcinogenicity and corrosivity, ensure to account for these risks also. If you have questions concerning the applicability of any item listed in this procedure contact the Principal Investigator/Laboratory Supervisor of your laboratory or Environmental Health and Safety (x3-0448).
Antagonistic Activity of Newly Isolated Lactobacillus Strains Against Morganella Morganii
Creators: name: O.S. Karaseva
name: Yu.S. Yudina
name: E.V. Nikitina
name: L.F. Minnullina
name: D.R. Yarullina
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2022
Subjects: Lactobacilli
Morganella morganii
Probiotic
Antagonism

description: Morganella morganii is an important clinical pathogen with fast-paced multidrug resistance and virulence. Probiotics with potent antimicrobial activity are considered as a promising alternative to antibiotics in infection treatment. We isolated 12 lactobacilli strains of human and plant origin and characterized their beneficial properties focusing on their antagonistic activity against M. morganii. Tolerance to the hostile gastrointestinal environment, surface properties (hydrophobicity and autoaggregation), and acidification rate values varied considerably between strains and were strain-specific. Most Lactobacillus strains showed antibiotic resistance profiles typical for lactobacilli. Lactobacilli demonstrated inhibitory activity towards the growth of M. morganii in the agar-overlay assay, produced bacteriocins and coaggregated with M. morganii cells, but did not affect the growth of the pathogen during co-culturing in the mixed-species biofilms. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain FCa3L was selected as the candidate strain with potential probiotic properties for further investigation.
Optical, electronic and structural properties of ScAlMgO4
Creators: name: Stefaniuka, Tomasz
name: Suffczyński, Jan
name: Wierzbowsk, Małgorzata
name: Domagała, Jarosław Z.
name: Kisielewski, Jarosław
name: Kłos, Andrzej
name: Korneluk, Alexander
name: Teisseyre, Henryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnesium aluminate scandium oxide (ScAlMgO4) is a promising lattice-matched substrate material for GaN- and ZnO-based optoelectronic devices. Yet, despite its clear advantages over substrates commonly used in heteroepitaxial growth, several fundamental properties of ScAlMgO4 remain unsettled. Here, we provide a comprehensive picture of its optical, electronic and structural properties by studying ScAlMgO4 single crystals grown by the Czochralski method. We use variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry to determine complex in-plane and out-of-plane refractive indices in the range from 193 to 1690 nm. An oscillator-based model provides a phenomenological description of the ellipsometric spectra with excellent agreement over the entire range of wavelengths. For convenience, we supply the reader also with Cauchy formulas describing the real part of the anisotropic refractive index for wavelengths above 400 nm. Ab initio many-body perturbation theory modeling provides information about the electronic structure of ScAlMgO4, and successfully validated experimentally obtained refractive index values. Simulations also show exciton binding energy as large as a few hundred of meV, indicating ScAlMgO4 as a promising material for implementation in low-threshold, deep-UV lasing devices operating at room temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements confirm lattice constants of ScAlMgO4 previously reported, but in addition, reveal that dominant crystallographic planes (001) are mutually inclined by about 0.009°. In view of our work, ScAlMgO4 is a highly transparent, low refractive index, birefringent material similar to a sapphire, but with a much more favorable lattice constant and simpler processing.
description: Physical Review B 2023 (Published)
The targum (1932:Mar. 2 - 1932:Mar. 19)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1932

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Cell-Free Supernatant of Staphylococcus Aureus Culture Increases Antimicrobials Susceptibility of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Creators: name: M.S. Fеdorova
name: A.V. Mironova
name: A.R. Kayumov
name: E.Y. Trizna
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2022
Subjects: biofilm
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
culture liquid
antibiotics
antibiotic resistance
synergy

description: Along with the wide spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance over the world, the treatment efficiency of infectious disease is greatly affected by the mixed biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a frequent cause of nosocomial infections, exhibit both synergistic and antagonistic interactions in co-culture, leading to various changes in the metabolic profile of bacteria, which in turn affect their sensitivity to antimicrobials. Here we show that S. aureus cell-free culture liquid exhibits bacteriostatic properties and increases the efficacy of antimicrobials against P. aeruginosa. Thus, the MICs of amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin decreased 2-4 fold in the presence of cell-free supernatant of S. aureus 24 h culture. Furthermore, the combination of the latter with antimicrobials increased the efficacy of amikacin up to 64-fold. Thus, the combined use of cell-free culture liquid of S. aureus with broad-spectrum antibiotics can be used to increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy of P. aeruginosa.
CRISPR/Cas9-Redacted Bacillus Subtilis Strain as the Producer of Extracellular Metalloproteinase of B. Pumilus
Creators: name: D.I. Khasanov
name: N.L. Rudakova
name: A.O. Koryagina
name: M.R. Sharipova
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2022
Subjects: CRISPR/Cas9
metalloproteinase
astacins
ADAMs
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus pumilus.

description: B. pumilus metalloproteinase was firstly isolated and characterized by Kazan Federal University scientists. Primary structure analysis showed that the novel enzyme has no analogs among prokaryotic enzymes and occupies an intermediate position between two large families of the metzinkin clan metalloproteinases – adamalysins and astacins. These families are mainly represented by eukaryotic enzymes, which play an important role in human life and health. A more detailed study of the structure and functions of novel metalloproteinase requires an efficient expression system. B. pumilus metalloproteinase gene (mprBp) was cloned into the pGP382 expression vector under a strong constitutive promoter of the degQ36 gene (PdegQ36). The resulting construct was used to transform B. subtilis 6 strain. This strain was constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology with deletion of some prophage genes of B. subtilis 168. The functional role of prophage genes is poorly understood. It is possible that prophage deletion will increase the expression of secreted enzymes. For the transformed strain we determined the dynamics of growth and accumulation of proteolytic activity by hydrolysis of azocasein. The dynamics of proteolytic activity accumulation by this strain has a different character in contrast to the protease-deficient strains carrying the gene of the investigated enzyme. The result of this work was to obtain an effective producer strain of adamalizin-like metalloproteinase of B. pumilus, which can be used in the production of the enzyme for subsequent studies.
Wirkung einer fünfwöchigen Lichtintervention auf den zirkadianen Rhythmus erwachsener Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndrom
Creators: name: Goerlitz-Gross, Marina
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: In einer Stichprobe von Probanden mit ADHS wurden die Effekte einer 30-minütigen Lichtintervention auf den zirkadianen Rhythmus auf behavioraler (inkl. Aktigrafie) und hormoneller Ebene gemessen und mit Kontrollprobanden (gesund und mit ADHS) verglichen. Bestätigt wurden zirkadiane Veränderungen bei ADHS (Abendpräferenz, schlechtere Schlafqualität, subjektiv kürzere Schlafdauer und schlechtere Leistungsfähigkeit). Die Lichtintervention führte zu einer verlängerten subjektiven Schlafdauer und Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit. Die aktigrafischen Messungen wiesen keine Veränderungen auf.
LaSER: Language-Specific Event Recommendation
Creators: name: Abdollahi, Sara
name: Gottschalk, Simon
name: Demidova, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While societal events often impact people worldwide, a significant fraction of events has a local focus that primarily affects specific language communities. Examples include national elections, the development of the Coronavirus pandemic in different countries, and local film festivals such as the César Awards in France and the Moscow International Film Festival in Russia. However, existing entity recommendation approaches do not sufficiently address the language context of recommendation. This article introduces the novel task of language-specific event recommendation, which aims to recommend events relevant to the user query in the language-specific context. This task can support essential information retrieval activities, including web navigation and exploratory search, considering the language context of user information needs. We propose LaSER, a novel approach toward language-specific event recommendation. LaSER blends the language-specific latent representations (embeddings) of entities and events and spatio-temporal event features in a learning to rank model. This model is trained on publicly available Wikipedia Clickstream data. The results of our user study demonstrate that LaSER outperforms state-of-the-art recommendation baselines by up to 33 percentage points in MAP@5 concerning the language-specific relevance of recommended events.
Characterization of the Adhesive Properties of Bacillus Intestinalis GM2
Creators: name: A.A. Nikolaeva
name: G.F. Lutfullina
name: A.M. Mardanova
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2022
Subjects: probiotics
Bacillus subtilis GM2
adhesion
autoaggregation
coaggregation
biosurfactants.

description: In this paper, we present the data on the properties of the probiotic strain Bacillus intestinalis GM2 related to adhesion, auto-, and coaggregation. GM2 exhibits a strong autoaggregation phenotype. The autoaggregation ability of GM2 did not change after trypsin treatment but was reduced under the influence of extracellular culture metabolites. Coaggregation of probiotic strains with pathogens is one of the mechanisms of displacement of pathogens from the intestinal microbiota. It was shown that the GM2 strain exhibits the ability to coaggregate with tested strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The studied properties of bacilli can be useful for the creation of new probiotics for poultry farming.